bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression and cardiovascular disease are not linked by high blood pressure: findings from the SAPALDIA cohort
Authors: Obas Katrina A. , Kwiatkowski Marek , Schaffner Emmanuel , Lang Undine E. , Stolz Daiana , Eze Ikenna C. , Imboden Medea , Probst-Hensch Nicole
Published: April 2022

Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are main contributors to the global disease burden and are linked. Pathophysiological pathways through increased blood pressure (BP) are a common focus in studies aiming to explain the relationship. However, studies to date have not differentiated between the predictive effect of depression on the course of BP versus hypertension diagnosis. Hence, we aimed to elucidate this relationship by incorporating these novel aspects in the context of a cohort study. We included initially normotensive participants (n = 3214) from the second (2001–2003), third (2009–2011), and fourth (2016–2018) waves of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA). We defined depression based on physician diagnosis, depression treatment and/or SF-36 Mental Health score < 50. The prospective association between depression and BP change was quantified using multivariable censored regression models, and logistic regression for the association between depression and incident hypertension diagnosis. All models used clustered robust standard errors to account for repeat measurements. The age-related increase in systolic BP was slightly lower among people with depression at baseline (β = − 2.08 mmHg/10 years, 95% CI − 4.09 to − 0.07) compared to non-depressed. A similar trend was observed with diastolic BP (β = − 0.88 mmHg/10 years, 95% CI − 2.15 to 0.39), albeit weaker and not statistically significant. Depression predicted the incidence of hypertension diagnosis (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.60). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that depression leads to CVD by increasing BP. Future research on the role of depression in the pathway to hypertension and CVD is warranted in larger cohorts, taking into account healthcare utilization as well as medication for depression and hypertension.
Machine learning and expression analyses reveal circadian clock features predictive of anxiety
Authors: Zafar Aziz , Overton Rebeccah , Attia Ziad , Ay Ahmet , Ingram Krista
Published: April 2022

Mood disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, are associated with disruptions in circadian rhythms and are linked to polymorphisms in circadian clock genes. Molecular mechanisms underlying these connections may be direct—via transcriptional activity of clock genes on downstream mood pathways in the brain, or indirect—via clock gene influences on the phase and amplitude of circadian rhythms which, in turn, modulate physiological processes influencing mood. Employing machine learning combined with statistical approaches, we explored clock genotype combinations that predict risk for anxiety symptoms in a deeply phenotyped population. We identified multiple novel circadian genotypes predictive of anxiety, with thePER3(rs17031614)-AG/CRY1(rs2287161)-CG genotype being the strongest predictor of anxiety risk, particularly in males. Molecular chronotyping, using clock gene expression oscillations, revealed that advanced circadian phase and robust circadian amplitudes are associated with high levels of anxiety symptoms. Further analyses revealed that individuals with advanced phases and pronounced circadian misalignment were at higher risk for severe anxiety symptoms. Our results support both direct and indirect influences of clock gene variants on mood: while sex-specific clock genotype combinations predictive of anxiety symptoms suggest direct effects on mood pathways, the mediation ofPER3effects on anxiety via diurnal preference measures and the association of circadian phase with anxiety symptoms provide evidence for indirect effects of the molecular clockwork on mood. Unraveling the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the links between circadian physiology and mood is essential to identifying the core clock genes to target in future functional studies, thereby advancing the development of non-invasive treatments for anxiety-related disorders.
Whole-genome resequencing of Sorghum bicolor and S. bicolor × S. halepense lines provides new insights for improving plant agroecological characteristics
Authors: Habyarimana Ephrem , Gorthy Sunita , Baloch Faheem S. , Ercisli Sezai , Chung Gyuhwa
Published: April 2022

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) is the world’s fifth economically most important cereal and is a staple particularly in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. Genetic gains in this crop can benefit from wild relatives such as Sorghum halepense. Genome sequences including those from this wild species can boost the study of genome-wide and intraspecific variation for dissecting the genetic basis and improving important traits in sorghum. The whole-genome resequencing carried out in this work on a panel of 172 populations of S. bicolor and S. bicolor × S. halepense (SbxSh) advanced lines generated a total of 567,046,841 SNPs, 91,825,474 indels, 1,532,171 SVs, and 4,973,961 CNVs. Clearly, SbxSh accumulated more variants and mutations with powerful effects on genetic differentiation. A total of 5,548 genes private to SbxSh mapped to biological process GO enrichment terms; 34 of these genes mapped to root system development (GO: 0022622). Two of the root specific genes i.e., ROOT PRIMORDIUM DEFECTIVE 1 (RPD1; GeneID: 8054879) and RETARDED ROOT GROWTH (RRG, GeneID: 8072111), were found to exert direct effect on root growth and development. This is the first report on whole-genome resequencing of a sorghum panel that includes S. halepense genome. Mining the private variants and genes of this wild species can provide insights capable of boosting sorghum genetic improvement, particularly the perenniality trait that is compliant with agroecological practices, sustainable agriculture, and climate change resilience.
UV-induced local immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment of eccrine porocarcinoma and poroma
Authors: Puttonen Maya , Isola Jorma , Ylinen Onni , Böhling Tom , Koljonen Virve , Sihto Harri
Published: April 2022

Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant adnexal tumour of the skin. Part of EPCs develop from their benign counterpart, poroma (EP), with chronic light exposure and immunosuppression hypothesized to play a role in the malignant transformation. However, the impact of chronic light exposure on the microenvironment of EPCs and EPs has not been investigated yet. Although the clinical relevance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) has been established in various tumours, their distribution and significance in EPCs and EPs is still poorly understood. We characterized the distribution of TILs and TLSs using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 10 EPCs and 49 EPs. We then classified our samples using solar-elastosis grading, analyzing the influence of ultraviolet (UV) damage on TIL density. A negative correlation between UV damage and TIL density was observed (CD4 r = −0.286, p = 0.04. CD8 r = −0.305, p = 0.033). No significant difference in TIL density was found between EPCs and EPs. TLS was scarse with the presence rate 10% in EPCs and 8.3% in EPs. The results suggest that UV has an immunosuppressive effect on the microenvironment of EPCs and EPs.
Label free identification of the different status of anemia disease using optimized double-slot cascaded microring resonator
Authors: Bahadoran Mahdi , Seyfari Abbas Kalate , Sanati Parisa , Chua Lee Suan
Published: April 2022

An optical-based label-free biosensors including two indirectly coupled double-slot-waveguide-based microring resonator was designed and optimized for sensing purpose. Then, the optimized system was applied for the detection of hemoglobin concentration in anemia disease. The results were simulated based on the variational finite-difference time domain (varFDTD) method using the Lumerical software (Mode solutions) and the optimum geometrical parameters were determined to realize an optimum light transmission via the sensor. Nine different concentrations of hemoglobin in men and women were applied into the sensor and the status of anemia was identified based on the patients’ gender and different status of anemia disease, including the normal, mild, moderate, severe and life-threatening status. A sensitivity as high as 1024 nm/RIU with the minimum deflection limit of 4.88 × 10–6 RIU were measured for this biosensor, which introduces a high precision and micro-scale lab-on-a-chip micro device for health monitoring of the anemia.
Safety and efficacy of terlipressin in acute-on-chronic liver failure with hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kulkarni Anand V. , Ravikumar Sowmya Tirumalige , Tevethia Harshvardhan , Premkumar Madhumita , Kumar Karan , Sharma Mithun , Gupta Rajesh , Rao Padaki Nagaraja , Reddy Duvvuru Nageshwar
Published: April 2022

Terlipressin with albumin, the recommended treatment for hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), is associated with adverse events. Furthermore, the course of AKI in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unknown. We aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of terlipressin infusion and AKI course in patients with ACLF. We prospectively enrolled consecutive adult patients with ACLF with HRS-AKI (satisfying EASL criteria) treated with terlipressin infusion between 14 October 2019 and 24 July 2020. The objectives were to assess the incidence of adverse events, response to terlipressin, course of HRS-AKI and predictors of mortality. A total of 116 patients were included. Twenty-one percent of patients developed adverse effects. Only 1/3rd of patients who developed adverse events were alive at day 90. Sixty-five percent of the patients responded to terlipressin. Nearly 22% developed recurrence of HRS, and 5.2% progressed to HRS-chronic kidney disease. TFS was 70.4% at day 30 and 57.8% at day 90. On multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis terlipressin non-response (hazard ratio [HR], 3.49 [1.85–6.57]; P < 0.001) and MELD NA score (HR,1.12 [1.06–1.18]; P < 0.001) predicted mortality at day-90. Patients with ACLF who develop terlipressin related adverse events have dismal prognoses. Terlipressin non-response predicts mortality in patients with ACLF and HRS-AKI.
Nutrient sources differ in the fertilised eggs of two divergent broiler lines selected for meat ultimate pH
Authors: Petit Angélique , Réhault-Godbert Sophie , Nadal-Desbarats Lydie , Cailleau-Audouin Estelle , Chartrin Pascal , Raynaud Emilie , Jimenez Justine , Tesseraud Sophie , Berri Cécile , Le Bihan-Duval Elisabeth , Métayer-Coustard Sonia
Published: April 2022

The pHu+ and pHu− lines, which were selected based on the ultimate pH (pHu) of the breast muscle, represent a unique model to study the genetic and physiological controls of muscle energy store in relation with meat quality in chicken. Indeed, pHu+ and pHu− chicks show differences in protein and energy metabolism soon after hatching, associated with a different ability to use energy sources in the muscle. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which the nutritional environment of the embryo might contribute to the metabolic differences observed between the two lines at hatching. Just before incubation (E0), the egg yolk of pHu+ exhibited a higher lipid percentage compared to the pHu− line (32.9% vs. 27.7%). Although 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed clear changes in egg yolk composition between E0 and E10, there was no line effect. In contrast, 1H-NMR analysis performed on amniotic fluid at embryonic day 10 (E10) clearly discriminated the two lines. The amniotic fluid of pHu+ was richer in leucine, isoleucine, 2-oxoisocaproate, citrate and glucose, while choline and inosine were more abundant in the pHu− line. Our results highlight quantitative and qualitative differences in metabolites and nutrients potentially available to developing embryos, which could contribute to metabolic and developmental differences observed after hatching between the pHu+ and pHu− lines.
A comparison of international and national references to measure the prevalence of stunting in Pakistani school-age girls
Authors: Qaisar Rizwan , Karim Asima
Published: April 2022

Epidemiology of stunting in < 5 years old is well characterized; however, its prevalence in adolescence is inconsistent in different geographical locations. We estimated the prevalence of stunting in schoolgirls of Punjab, Pakistan, to standardize local references according to international and national references. In this population-wide cross-sectional study, 10,050 schoolgirls aged 8–16 years from 12 different districts of northern, central, and southern Punjab were analyzed. The prevalence of stunting was calculated by applying Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organisation (WHO) height-for-age references and the local reference for the study population. We used Cohen’s kappa statistics to analyze the agreement of our data with reference values, and chi-square test was used as the test of trend. Marked overestimation of the prevalence of stunting was observed (22.72% and 17.49% according to CDC and WHO, respectively) in comparison to local reference (4.94%). According to CDC and WHO references, there was an increasing trend of prevalence of stunting with higher age; however, data was comparable across all the age groups when local references were applied. We recommend that the prevalence of stunting in school-age girls should be determined by applying local height references rather than international ones to plan health strategies and treatments in the local population.
Developmental pyrethroid exposure and age influence phenotypes in a Chd8 haploinsufficient autism mouse model
Authors: Jiménez Jessica A. , Simon Jeremy M. , Hu Wenxin , Moy Sheryl S. , Harper Kathryn M. , Liu Chih-Wei , Lu Kun , Zylka Mark J.
Published: April 2022

Hundreds of genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including loss-of-function mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (Chd8). Environmental factors also are implicated in autism risk and have the potential to exacerbate phenotypes in genetically sensitized backgrounds. Here we investigate transcriptional and behavioral phenotypes in a Chd8 haploinsufficient (Chd8V986*/+) mouse line exposed to the pesticide deltamethrin (DM) from conception to postnatal day 22. Vehicle-exposed Chd8V986*/+ mice displayed ASD-associated phenotypes, including anxiety-like behavior and altered sociability, replicating a previous study with this mouse line. A core set of genes was altered in Chd8V986*/+ mice at multiple ages, including Usp11, Wars2, Crlf2, and Eglf6, and proximity ligation data indicated direct binding of CHD8 to the 5’ region of these genes. Moreover, oligodendrocyte and neurodegenerative transcriptional phenotypes were apparent in 12 and 18 month old Chd8V986*/+ mice. Following DM exposure, the mutant mice displayed an exacerbated phenotype in the elevated plus maze, and genes associated with vascular endothelial cells were downregulated in the cerebral cortex of older Chd8V986*/+ animals. Our study reveals a gene x environment interaction with a Chd8 haploinsufficient mouse line and points to the importance of investigating phenotypes in ASD animal models across the lifespan.
Longitudinal follow-up study of the association between statin use and chronic periodontitis using national health screening cohort of Korean population
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Byun Soo-Hwan , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Se Hoon , Kim Nan Young , Park Hye-Rim , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: April 2022

Since a potential link between statins and the risk of adverse chronic periodontitis (CP) has been raised, we aimed to validate the association between statin use and the incidence of CP using nationwide cohort data. This longitudinal follow-up study included 169,381 patients prescribed statins who were matched with an equal number of controls using propensity scores from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002–2015). A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the occurrence of CP following statin use after adjusting for multiple covariates. The occurrence of CP was significantly higher in patients who had long-term use (1–3 years, 3–5 years, or > 5 years) than with short-term use (≤ 1 year) of statins. After adjustment, statin users exhibited an occurrence of CP 1.32-fold higher (95% confidence interval 1.30–1.33) than that of the matched nonusers (incidence: 25.0 and 22.0 per 100 person-years, respectively). Subgroup analyses supported the adverse impact of statins on CP independent of age and gender. Statin user odds ratios for developing CP were higher compared to those of nonusers. This was consistent in individuals aged > 40 years in both genders, especially with long-term use.
Gold nanoclusters eliminate obesity induced by antipsychotics
Authors: He Meng , Yao Jing , Zhang Zijun , Zhang Ying , Chen Rui , Gu Zhenhua , Huang XuFeng , Deng Chao , Zhou Ruqin , Fan Jun , Zhang Baohua , Xie Yanqian , Gao Guanbin , Sun Taolei
Published: April 2022

Obesity induced by antipsychotics have plagued more than 20 million people worldwide. However, no drug is available to eliminate the obesity induced by antipsychotics. Here we examined the effect and potential mechanisms of a gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) modified by N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine on the obesity induced by olanzapine, the most prescribed but obesogenic antipsychotics, in a rat model. Our results showed that AuNCs completely prevented and reversed the obesity induced by olanzapine and improved glucose metabolism profile in rats. Further mechanism investigations revealed that AuNCs exert its anti-obesity function through inhibition of olanzapine-induced dysfunction of histamine H1 receptor and proopiomelanocortin signaling therefore reducing hyperphagia, and reversing olanzapine-induced inhibition of uncoupling-protein-1 signaling which increases thermogenesis. Together with AuNCs’ good biocompatibility, these findings not only provide AuNCs as a promising nanodrug candidate for treating obesity induced by antipsychotics, but also open an avenue for the potential application of AuNCs-based nanodrugs in treating general obesity.
Comprehensive genomics in androgen receptor-dependent castration-resistant prostate cancer identifies an adaptation pathway mediated by opioid receptor kappa 1
Authors: Makino Yuki , Kamiyama Yuki , Brown J. B. , Tanaka Toshiya , Murakami Ryusuke , Teramoto Yuki , Goto Takayuki , Akamatsu Shusuke , Terada Naoki , Inoue Takahiro , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Ogawa Osamu , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: April 2022

Castration resistance is a lethal form of treatment failure of prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor (AR). It is only partially understood how the AR mediates survival and castration-resistant growth of PCa upon androgen deprivation. We investigated integrative genomics using a patient-derived xenograft model recapitulating acquired, AR-dependent castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitation using an anti-AR antibody (AR-ChIP seq) revealed distinct profiles of AR binding site (ARBS) in androgen-dependent and castration-resistant xenograft tumors compared with those previously reported based on human PCa cells or tumor tissues. An integrative genetic analysis identified several AR-target genes associated with CRPC progression including OPRK1, which harbors ARBS and was upregulated upon androgen deprivation. Loss of function of OPRK1 retarded the acquisition of castration resistance and inhibited castration-resistant growth of PCa both in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that expression of OPRK1, a G protein-coupled receptor, was upregulated in human prostate cancer tissues after preoperative androgen derivation or CRPC progression. These data suggest that OPRK1 is involved in post-castration survival and cellular adaptation process toward castration-resistant progression of PCa, accelerating the clinical implementation of ORPK1-targeting therapy in the management of this lethal disease.
A flood-crest forecast prototype for river floods using only in-stream measurements
Authors: Muste Marian , Kim Dongsu , Kim Kyungdong
Published: April 2022

Streamflow forecasting generally relies on coupled rainfall-runoff-routing models calibrated and executed with data estimated by monitoring protocols that do not fully capture the dynamics of unsteady flows. This limits the ability to accurately forecast flood crests and issue hazard warnings. Here we utilize directly measured datasets acquired for streamflow estimation to develop a data-driven forecasting algorithm that does not require conventional physically-based modeling. We test the potential of our algorithm using measurements acquired at an index-velocity gaging station on the Illinois River, USA, between 2014 and 2019. We find that the forecasting protocol is able to deliver short-term predictions of flood crest magnitude and arrival time. The algorithm produces better agreement with larger events and is more reliable for single-peak storms possibly due to the prominence of hysteretic behavior in such events. We conclude that flood hazard can be forecast using directly measured index-velocity and stage alone.
Adsorption of iodine in metal–organic framework materials
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Maddock John , Nenoff Tina M. , Denecke Melissa A. , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin
Published: April 2022

The chemistry and applications of metal–organic framework materials for iodine and polyiodide capture and storage are reviewed.
Nickel foam supported porous copper oxide catalysts with noble metal-like activity for aqueous phase reactions
Authors: Shultz Lorianne R. , Preradovic Konstantin , Ghimire Suvash , Hadley Hayden M. , Xie Shaohua , Kashyap Varchaswal , Beazley Melanie J. , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Liu Fudong , Mukhopadhyay Kausik , Jurca Titel
Published: April 2022

Metal foams offer numerous advantages over powders as supports for nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts; most critically a preformed 3-D porous framework ensuring full directional coverage of catalyst, intrinsic ease of handling and recyclability.
Supramolecular nanocapsules as two-fold stabilizers of outer-cavity sub-nanometric Ru NPs and inner-cavity ultra-small Ru clusters
Authors: Ubasart Ernest , Mustieles Marin Irene , Asensio Juan Manuel , Mencia Gabriel , López-Vinasco Ángela M. , García-Simón Cristina , del Rosal Iker , Poteau Romuald , Chaudret Bruno , Ribas Xavi
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles with high surface area and known shape is of paramount importance to increase their catalytic properties. Here we show how a nanocapsule is able to control the formation of [Ru5] clusters and sub-nanometric Ru NPs.
Recent advances in noble metal complex based photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Yanping , Li Shumeng , Chen Yuncong , He Weijiang , Guo Zijian
Published: April 2022

This minireview summarizes recent developments of noble metal photosensitizers based on Ru, Ir, and Pt. Molecular design strategies to overcome shallow tissue penetration depth, O2-dependence and the limited therapeutic effect are introduced.
Detection of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in native cells and zebrafish with a highly potent, cell-permeable fluorescent probe
Authors: Gazzi Thais , Brennecke Benjamin , Atz Kenneth , Korn Claudia , Sykes David , Forn-Cuni Gabriel , Pfaff Patrick , Sarott Roman C. , Westphal Matthias V. , Mostinski Yelena , Mach Leonard , Wasinska-Kalwa Malgorzata , Weise Marie , Hoare Bradley L. , Miljuš Tamara , Mexi Maira , Roth Nicolas , Koers Eline J. , Guba Wolfgang , Alker André , Rufer Arne C. , Kusznir Eric A. , Huber Sylwia , Raposo Catarina , Zirwes Elisabeth A. , Osterwald Anja , Pavlovic Anto , Moes Svenja , Beck Jennifer , Nettekoven Matthias , Benito-Cuesta Irene , Grande Teresa , Drawnel Faye , Widmer Gabriella , Holzer Daniela , van der Wel Tom , Mandhair Harpreet , Honer Michael , Fingerle Jürgen , Scheffel Jörg , Broichhagen Johannes , Gawrisch Klaus , Romero Julián , Hillard Cecilia J. , Varga Zoltan V. , van der Stelt Mario , Pacher Pal , Gertsch Jürg , Ullmer Christoph , McCormick Peter J. , Oddi Sergio , Spaink Herman P. , Maccarrone Mauro , Veprintsev Dmitry B. , Carreira Erick M. , Grether Uwe , Nazaré Marc
Published: April 2022

Detection and visualization of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 by a cell-permeable high affinity fluorescent probe platform enables tracing receptor trafficking in live cells and in zebrafish.
Bacterial cellulose as a potential biopolymer in biomedical applications: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Shrivastav Prachi , Pramanik Sheersha , Vaidya Gayatri , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Singh Ajeet , Abualsoud Bassam M. , Amaral Larissa Souza , Abourehab Mohammed A. S.
Published: April 2022

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer with immense potential in the biomedical field. This review discusses the BC and BC composites production and their unique properties, and highlights the recent advances, focusing on drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing.
High energy storage capacity, heterogeneous domain structure and stabilization of intermediate phase in PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric single crystals
Authors: Liu Zenghui , Guo Zhixuan , Wan Hongyan , Yuan Yi , Yang Hao , Wu Hua , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: April 2022

Enhanced energy storage performance together with improved permittivity and polarization has been achieved in lead zirconate PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric single crystals.
DNA nanomachine for visual detection of structured RNA and double stranded DNA
Authors: Gorbenko Daria A. , Shkodenko Liubov A. , Rubel Maria S. , Slita Aleksandr V. , Nikitina Ekaterina V. , Martens Elvira A. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M.
Published: April 2022

A DNA machine (PxDm) binds a tightly folded RNA analyte via Arms 2 and 3. Arm 1 hybridizes with high selectivity to form a G-quadruplex, which changes the solution color.
Bioinspired enantioselective total syntheses of antibacterial callistrilones enabled by double SN2′ cascade
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Dherange Balu D. , Das Saikat , Srivastava Aparna
Published: April 2022

A bioinspired, enantioselective total syntheses of antibacterial callistrilones A, C–E and 13-epi-callistrilone E with an unprecedented, sterically compact [1]benzofuro-[2,3-a]xanthene 6/6/6/5/6/3-fused hexacyclic skeleton is described.
Identification of complexes of Nd(iii) with dithiophosphinic acids verifying the difference in complexation between Ln(iii) and An(iii)
Authors: Guo Qiling , Fang Tuo , Liu Qian , Zhu Liyang , Yang Suliang , Tian Guoxin
Published: April 2022

Five complexes of Nd(iii) with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid were identified spectroscopically.
Corn peptides improved obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through relieving lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and oxidative stress
Authors: Wei Kang , Wei Yang , Xu Weidong , Lu Feng , Ma Haile
Published: April 2022

The biological activity was studied of corn peptides (CPs) and a theoretical basis was established for the development of CP-based functional foods and dietary supplements.
Cosolvent-promoted selective non-aqueous hydrolysis of PET wastes and facile product separation
Authors: Zhang Shun , Xu Wenhao , Du Rongcheng , Zhou Xuelian , Liu Xuehui , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: April 2022

Selective degradation and facile separation of PET wastes are achieved using EG as both reactant and solvent to simply the separation and THF as cosolvent to improve the mass transfer, promote the EG activity and reduce the solubility of the product.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: April 2022

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented, covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products, such as daphnepapytone A fromDaphne papyracea.
Improved nanoformulation and bio-functionalization of linear-dendritic block copolymers with biocompatible ionic liquids
Authors: Hamadani Christine M. , Chandrasiri Indika , Yaddehige Mahesh Loku , Dasanayake Gaya S. , Owolabi Iyanuoluwani , Flynt Alex , Hossain Mehjabeen , Liberman Lucy , Lodge Timothy P. , Werfel Thomas A. , Watkins Davita L. , Tanner Eden E. L.
Published: April 2022

Ionic liquid-functionalized linear-dendritic block copolymer nanoparticles show facile assemblies and red blood cell hitchhiking in whole blood.
White light-induced AIEgen polyurethane films containing Schiff base copper(ii) complexes for synergistic chemo/photodynamic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Ma Li , Wang Shuang , Wang Yazhou , Liu Gongyan , Wang Haibo
Published: April 2022

Polyurethane films containing AIEgens and copper complexes can act as a potential antibacterial agent for multi-mode combined antibacterial therapy.
Thiophene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in hydrochloric acid medium
Authors: Arrousse N. , Fernine Y. , Al-Zaqri Nabil , Boshaala Ahmed , Ech-chihbi E. , Salim R. , El Hajjaji F. , Alami Anouar , Touhami M. Ebn , Taleb M.
Published: April 2022

Thiophene derivatives: thiophene-2-carbaldehyde oxime (OXM) and 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (TET), were synthesized and characterized. Furthermore, their inhibitory property for AA2024-T3 in 1 M HCl solution was investigated via electrochemical and with theoretical study.
Metal-bio functionalized bismuthmagnetite [Fe3−xBixO4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3+I−/Zn(ii)]: a novel bionanocomposite for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxobenzo[b][1,4]diazepine malononitriles and malonamides at room temperature and under sonication
Authors: Molaei Yielzoleh Fatemeh , Nikoofar Kobra
Published: April 2022

In this work, a new magnetized composite of bismuth (Fe3−xBixO4) was prepared and functionalized stepwise with silica, triethylargininium iodide ionic liquid, and Zn(ii) to prepare a multi-layered core–shell bio-nanostructure, [Fe3−xBixO4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3+I−/Zn(ii)].
MXene-regulation polyamide membrane featuring with bubble-like nodule for efficient dye/salt separation and antifouling performance
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Hang , Ding Mingmei , Zhang Lei , Chen Gang , Fu Jiawei , Wang Ao , Chen Jiapei , Liu Bonan , Yang Wen
Published: April 2022

A novel thin-film nanocomposite NF membrane with efficient dye/salt separation and antifouling performance was designed by introducing different amounts of MXene into the PA layer.
Continuous g-C3N4layer-coated porous TiO2fibers with enhanced photocatalytic activity toward H2evolution and dye degradation
Authors: Liu Jing , Zheng Jinxiao , Yue Guichu , Li Huaike , Liu Zhaoyue , Zhao Yong , Wang Nü , Sun Chenghua , Cui Zhimin
Published: April 2022

TiO2@g-C3N4core/shell fibers with a continuous g-C3N4layer packing around exhibit high photocatalytic efficiency toward H2production and RhB degradation due to the intimate core/shell structure with a high-quality TiO2/g-C3N4heterojunction.
A sequential cyclization/π-extension strategy for modular construction of nanographenes enabled by stannole cycloadditions
Authors: Bergman Harrison M. , Beattie D. Dawson , Kiel Gavin R. , Handford Rex C. , Liu Yi , Tilley T. Don
Published: April 2022

Stannoles are introduced as a new, spontaneously aromatizing diene for [4 + 2] cycloadditions that can be easily introduced into diverse conjugated systems, facilitating the efficient synthesis of complex PAHs and their π-extension.
Photoelectrochemical water oxidation improved by pyridine N-oxide as a mimic of tyrosine-Z in photosystem II
Authors: Zhu Yong , Liu Guoquan , Zhao Ran , Gao Hua , Li Xiaona , Sun Licheng , Li Fei
Published: April 2022

Stable and high photocurrent for water oxidation was achieved by an organic dye-sensitized photoanode with a pyridine N-oxide derivative as an efficient electron relay between the chromophore and molecular water oxidation catalyst.
An electrically conductive metallocycle: densely packed molecular hexagons with π-stacked radicals
Authors: Cui Mengxing , Murase Ryuichi , Shen Yongbing , Sato Tetsu , Koyama Shohei , Uchida Kaiji , Tanabe Tappei , Takaishi Shinya , Yamashita Masahiro , Iguchi Hiroaki
Published: April 2022

Intrinsically electron-conductive metallocycle was synthesized. π-Radicals play a key role in constructing π-stacked columns among molecular hexagons and achieving high electrical conductivity over 10−4 S cm−1 in polycrystalline pellet.
Chitosan-based double cross-linked ionic hydrogels as a strain and pressure sensor with broad strain-range and high sensitivity
Authors: Li Xuemei , Liu Zhiwei , Liang Yongri , Wang Li-Min , Liu Ying Dan
Published: April 2022

An ionic conductive hydrogel P(AAm-co-AA)/CS-Fe3+ with double cross-linked networks was prepared. The hydrogel as a flexible sensor exhibited excellent mechanical properties, self-recovery ability, sensitive sensing properties, and biosecurity.
An on-demand and on-site shape-designable mineralized hydrogel with calcium supply and inflammatory warning properties for cranial repair applications
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Cheng , Wu Jiangjie , Zheng Ben , Chen Si , Ma Meng , Shi Yanqin , He Huiwen , Wang Xu
Published: April 2022

A novel mineral hydrogel achieves on-demand & on-site injection in cranial repair surgical operations by dispersing mineral ions at high temperature and inducing crystal generation at lower temperature, achieving plasticity, excellent strength and bone induction properties.
Functional Alignment Philosophy in Total Knee Arthroplasty – Rationale and technique for the varus morphotype using a CT based robotic platform and individualized planning
Authors: Shatrov Jobe , Battelier Cécile , Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Gunst Stanislas , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sebastien
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continue to evolve. Functional alignment (FA) is a novel technique that utilizes robotic tools to deliver TKA with the aim of respecting individual anatomical variations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale and technique of FA in the varus morphotype with the use of a robotic platform. Rationale: FA reproduces constitutional knee anatomy within quantifiable target ranges. The principles are founded on a comprehensive assessment and understanding of individual anatomical variations with the aim of delivering personalized TKA. The principles are functional pre-operative planning, reconstitution of native coronal alignment, restoration of dynamic sagittal alignment within 5° of neutral, maintenance of joint-line-obliquity and height, implant sizing to match anatomy and a joint that is balanced in flexion and extension through manipulation of implant positioning rather than soft tissue releases. Technique: An individualized plan is created from pre-operative imaging. Next, a reproducible and quantifiable method of soft tissue laxity assessment is performed in extension and flexion that accounts for individual variation in soft tissue laxity. A dynamic virtual 3D model of the joint and implant position that can be manipulated in all three planes is modified to achieve target gap measurements while maintaining the joint line phenotype and a final limb position within a defined coronal and sagittal range. Conclusion: Functional alignment is a novel knee arthroplasty technique that aims to restore constitutional bony alignment and balance the laxity of the soft tissues by placing and sizing implants in a manner that it respects the variations in individual anatomy. This paper presents the approach for the varus morphotype.
The personality traits of self-made and inherited millionaires
Authors: Leckelt Marius , König Johannes , Richter David , Back Mitja D. , Schröder Carsten
Published: April 2022

Very wealthy people influence political and societal processes by wielding their economic power through foundations, lobbying groups, media campaigns, as investors and employers. Because personality shapes goals, attitudes, and behaviour, it is important to understand the personality traits that characterize the rich. We used representative survey data to construct two large samples, one from the general population and one consisting of individuals with at least 1 million euros in individual net wealth, to analyse what personality traits characterize the wealthy and why their traits differ from those of the general population. High wealth was associated with higher Risk tolerance, Emotional Stability, Openness, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. This “rich” personality profile was more prominent among individuals who had accumulated wealth through their own efforts (“self-mades”) than among individuals who had been born into wealth (“inheritors”). Thus, our evidence is suggestive of a unique configuration of personality traits contributing to self-made millionaires’ economic success.
Discharge characteristics of a gliding arc discharge in a supersonic jet air flow
Authors: Feng Rong , Zhu Jiajian , Wang Zhenguo , Sun Mingbo , Zhong Shenghui , Zhang Fan
Published: April 2022

Whereas discharge characteristics of a gliding arc have previously been investigated in a low-speed subsonic flow without considering the effect of shock waves and extremely high turbulence, we here studied an important physical feature of the gliding arc in a supersonic flow that generates complex shock waves and extremely high turbulence. The gliding arc in a 1.2 Mach supersonic jet air flow is investigated by high-speed imaging, schlieren imaging, electrical measurements, and the large eddy simulation. The experimental results show that high-repetition transitions between the spark-type discharges and the glow-type discharge with a frequency of 1.4–2.1 MHz can be observed in the supersonic flow after the gliding arc is generated between the narrowest gap of knife-shaped electrodes, whereas the similar phenomena are invisible in a low-speed subsonic flow. It can be recognized that the high-repetition transitions occur in the region with complex structures of shock waves and expansion waves. The large velocity/density gradient generated by the complex wave structures and the small-scale vortices produced by the strong turbulence is located near the position where the high-repetition transitions occur. The high-repetition transitions between the spark-type discharges and the glow-type discharges are found to be mainly caused by the combined effects of the strong turbulent eddy transportation in the supersonic flow and the drastic change in the flow properties across the shock wave, shedding light on the mechanism of the high-repetition discharge transitions of the gliding arc in a supersonic flow.
Power transfer efficiency and the power threshold for E–H mode transition in inductively coupled plasmas
Authors: Du Peng-Cheng , Zhao Ming-Liang , Li Hong , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian
Published: April 2022

The effects of gas pressure and gas component on the power transfer efficiency η and transition power threshold Pth during the E–H mode transition in inductively coupled plasmas are studied. The evolutions of η during the E–H mode transition in pure Ar and Ar/O2 discharges are similar, i.e., in E-mode discharge, η slightly increases with raising the applied power (η is below 30%), whereas, an abruptly upward jump of nearly two to four times for η occurs when the discharge transits to H-mode, and then η monotonously increases with increasing the applied power. In addition, as the pressure rises, η increases rapidly first and then slowly in pure Ar discharge. However, η in Ar/O2 mixture gases discharge shows a non-monotonic behavior. It reveals a tendency of first increase at low pressures and then decreases at high pressures, which is because the resistive component of the plasma varies with the electron density ne and the electron effective collision frequency νeff. Furthermore, a non-monotonic behavior of transition power threshold Pth with the pressure is found, i.e., with increasing the pressure, Pth first decreases and then increases. It may be caused by the threshold electron density, which is constant at low pressures (νeff/ω<1) but increases at high pressures (νeff/ω>1).
Electrostatic free energies carry structural information on nucleic acid molecules in solution
Authors: Behjatian Ali , Krishnan Madhavi
Published: April 2022

Over the last several decades, a range of experimental techniques from x-ray crystallography and atomic force microscopy to nuclear magnetic resonance and small angle x-ray scattering have probed nucleic acid structure and conformation with high resolution both in the condensed state and in solution. We present a computational study that examines the prospect of using electrostatic free energy measurements to detect 3D conformational properties of nucleic acid molecules in solution. As an example, we consider the conformational difference between A- and B-form double helices whose structures differ in the values of two key parameters—the helical radius and rise per basepair. Mapping the double helix onto a smooth charged cylinder reveals that electrostatic free energies for molecular helices can, indeed, be described by two parameters: the axial charge spacing and the radius of a corresponding equivalent cylinder. We show that electrostatic free energies are also sensitive to the local structure of the molecular interface with the surrounding electrolyte. A free energy measurement accuracy of 1%, achievable using the escape time electrometry (ETe) technique, could be expected to offer a measurement precision on the radius of the double helix of approximately 1 Å. Electrostatic free energy measurements may, therefore, not only provide information on the structure and conformation of biomolecules but could also shed light on the interfacial hydration layer and the size and arrangement of counterions at the molecular interface in solution.
Investigation of end effect in integrated permanent magnetic damper for cylinder block–valve plate pair in axial piston pump
Authors: Du Boran , Jiang Jihai , Li Geqiang
Published: April 2022

The present work develops an integrated permanent magnetic damper (IPMD) to apply magnetic torque on a cylinder block, which makes it possible to suppress eccentric wear of the cylinder block–valve plate pair in an axial piston pump. Then, the structure and working principle of the IPMD are described. According to the relationship between the axial and the radial magnetic pole gap, the corresponding end flux tube models are established. Based on the principle of micro-displacement, the axial magnetic force and torque output by IPMD are derived. After separating from the relevant structures inside the pump, to ensure the effectiveness of the results, the test method of IPMD independent of the axial piston pump is provided. To make a more comprehensive analysis of the magnetic bearing characteristics, the prototype of IPMD is manufactured and tested. The influence of the end effect of IPMD on the residual hydraulic torque under different discharge pressures is studied. The results verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis, which have important guiding significance to improve the reliability of the cylinder block–valve plate pair in the axial piston pump.
Study of wear and friction heat generation models of finger seals based on energy theory of tribology system
Authors: Fan Jinjin , Ji Honghu , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2022

Finger seals have a good application prospect in gas and steam turbine for power generation as an advanced contact flexible seal. The wear and friction heat generation properties of the finger seal have significant effects on leakage and life. In this study, a bilateral wear model and friction heat generation model were established to calculate the wear volume and temperature of the finger seal and rotor. In particular, the friction heat generation model considered the effect of wear and deformation (centrifugal and thermal) of both the finger seal and rotor. Both models were expressed as functions of the finger seal configuration, material properties, operating conditions, and several relevant parameters. To determine these parameters, a ball-disk friction and wear experiment and a finger seal wear and friction heat generation experiment were conducted. Both models were validated with experimental data, and both errors were less than 12%.
A hybrid density functional design of intermediate band semiconductor for photovoltaic application based on group IV elements (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb)-doped CdIn2S4
Authors: Chen Ping , Zhang Hua , Tang Pingying , Li Binbin
Published: April 2022

The CdIn2S4 semiconductor is considered a potential host for the implementation of intermediate band solar cells due to its ideal bandgap value and excellent photoelectric property. In this paper, the electronic structures of group IV elements (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb)-doped CdIn2S4 have been investigated by using hybrid density functional calculations. In the case of Ge, Sn, and Pb doping, an isolated and partially occupied intermediated band with delocalized characteristics could be created in the bandgap of the host. The results of the projected density of states reveal that the intermediated band is derived from the hybridization between the S-3p and dopant-ns states. Thanks to the assistance of the impurity band, the optical absorption ability of the intermediate band semiconductor is greatly enhanced. Based on the detailed balance theory, the theoretical efficiencies of intermediate band solar cells made by Ge- and Pb-doped CdIn2S4 are estimated to be 45.0% and 49.2%, respectively, which are superior to the Shockley and Queisser limit (40.7%) of a single junction photovoltaic device. Moreover, the experimental synthesis of these impurity semiconductors is relatively feasible because substitutional doping at the octahedral position is energetically favorable. These findings would be helpful to the development of a high-efficiency intermediate band solar cell.
Low regularity global well-posedness for 2D Boussinesq equations with variable viscosity
Authors: Sun Weixian , Ye Zhuan
Published: April 2022

As a continuation of our previous work, we consider lower regularity global well-posedness for a model of the two-dimensional zero diffusivity Boussinesq equations with variable viscosity. More precisely, based on De Giorgi–Nash–Moser estimates and the refined logarithmic Gronwall-type inequality, we prove that it is globally well-posed, provided that the initial data belong to Hs with s > 1. Finally, we show that it is also valid for the two-dimensional zero diffusivity Boussinesq equations with variable viscosity in the non-divergence form.
Microwave breakdown of sub-atmospheric argon gas in the vicinity of a microgap
Authors: Hernandez M. E. Castelan , Woodwyk S. M. , Zywicki W. G. , Kellner Z. T. , Medema A. R. , Lenters G. T. , Remillard S. K.
Published: April 2022

The microwave electric field at breakdown for argon gas in a microgap (generally, gap size <1 mm) over a wide range of pressures and gap sizes was found to exhibit two behavioral pressure regimes. A high microwave electric field was established in the gap of a re-entrant mode resonator. By slowly raising the microwave electric field level, a breakdown level is reached where impact ionization induces low pressure argon gas to breakdown preferentially outside of the gap. At high pressure, breakdown is found to occur preferentially inside the gap, but only after the pressure is high enough for impact ionization to produce breakdown there. Impact ionization has a lower threshold electric field than the boundary-controlled processes, such as secondary electron emission, that would eventually produce breakdown inside the microgap if impact ionization did not occur first. Thus, the lower pressure regime is characterized by breakdown outside of the gap, while in the high-pressure regime, breakdown occurs inside the gap, in both cases by impact ionization. The transition pressure PT between these two pressure regimes depends on the gap size dgap, roughly as PT ∝ dgap−2. Consistent with the model developed here, this corresponds to the full-amplitude of electron oscillation in the gap field being commensurate with the gap size.