bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
أثر الاستجابة لفتوى الدفاع الكفائي (قراءة في أهم ما تناولته الوكالات الاخبارية والصحف الاجنبية للمدة13-16حزيران2014)
Authors: نعمة يونس
Published: August 2023

أهتمت وكالات الانباء العالمية والصحف الاجنبية في مختلف دول العالم ، بفتوى الدفاع الكفائي التي أعلنها معتمد المرجعية في مدينة كربلاء الشيخ عبد المهدي الكربلائي في يوم الجمعة 13حزيران 2014 ، لاسيما بعد سيطرة ما يعرف بتنظيم الدولة في العراق والشام (داعش) على محافظة الموصل والمدن المجاورة ، بعد إنهيار القوات العسكرية والامنية في مدينة الموصل ، وفي ما سبق عملت الوكالات الاخبارية العالمية التي هي اليوم المؤثر الابرز على المتلقين في مختلف دول العالم ولاسيما في العراق على تهويل ما حدث ، ومنح التنظيم طاقة وقوة لا تزعزع ، وتوهين معنويات الشعب العراقي الى أضعف حد ممكن منذ سقوط مدينة الموصل ، بدأت نقطة التحول المهمة في ظهيرة يوم الجمعة المصادف 13حزيران 2014 ، وفرضت فتوى الدفاع الكفائي مكانتها على مختلف الوكالات الاخبارية العالمية لاسيما ما رافقها من استجابة سريعة للمواطنين.

تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية التغطية الاعلامية للمدة (13-16حزيران 2014) بعد أن فاجأ البيان وتوقيته الجميع وتناولته جميع الوكالات والصحف الاخبارية ، وأعاد للواجهة مجدداً دور المرجعية الدينية في مدينة النجف الاشرف وما يتعلق بتدخلها الاقتضائي في محاولة إنقاذ البلاد من أخطر مرحلة هددت كيان الدولة العراقية ، في ثنايا البحث تم التطرق لأهم تقارير المراسلين والمحللين السياسيين في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية والمملكة المتحدة المتعلقة بفتوى الدفاع الكفائي ومناقشة التغير الكبير في المواقف بعد دخول متغير جديد يمكن أن يقلب الموازين ضد المجاميع المتطرفة وعاد الحديث عن دور المرجعية الدينية في النجف الاشرف وإمكانية حشد المواطنين في الدفاع عن بلدهم في أخطر مرحلة تمر بها البلاد .
أثر فتوى المرجعية في الجهاد الكفائي
Authors: عبد الكريم فاضل
Published: August 2023

يعتبر الجهاد من الركائز الاسلامية في العقيدة الاسلامية, ومنه استمد الدين الاسلامي ديمومته ووجوده, ومن خلاله انتشر الاسلام الى مناطق عديدة بالعالم, ما تزال تحمل حتى اليوم راية الاسلام وتعاليمه.... ولقد حاولنا في هذا البحث دراسة مسالة الجهاد في الاسلام بشكل عام, والجهاد الكفائي بشكل خاص, الذي هو شكل من اشكال الجهاد ارتبط باصول ومباني فقهية اشتغل عليها علماؤنا ومراجعنا, ووظفوا احكامه في فتاوى ارتبطت باحداث مر بها تاريخ العراق الحديث, وخاصة عندما يتعرض هذا البلد الى خطر وتهديد خارجي, وفي الوقت الحاضر عادت المرجعية الدينية وانسجاما مع دورها الرائد والطليعي في الاهتمام بالشأن السياسي والاجتماعي في اصدار فتوى الجهاد الكفائي, ضد تحدي وخطر جديد يحاول ان يستبيح كرامة هذا الشعب .

ومن النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث ان الجهاد في الاسلام وان كان من المبادئ الاساسية في حفظ كيانه, واعلاء كلمته, الا انه في نفس الوقت له معايير واحكام دقيقة, ويمكن القول وبغض النظر عن التقسيمات الفقهية للجهاد من دفاعي وهجومي, ان المعيار الاساس للجهاد في الاسلام هو الكفر وليس الحرابة, وبهذا المناط يكون الاسلام في اصل دعوته يميل الى السلم والتعايش واحترام الديانات والاقليات الاخرى.
ذاكرة الحشد الشعبي في أروقة الزيارة الأربعينية رحلة وثائقية
Authors: الحساني كريم
Published: August 2023

ومن خلال الإشراقات الولائية المُتقدمة إنفردنا في رحلتنا مع هذه القافلة، بالتعرّف الى ظاهرة الوفاء في سلوك أصحابها، مُتخذين من رجالات الحشد الشعبي عنواناً خاصاً لهذه الظاهرة المُلفتة، وتكريماً للسلوك الايثاري الجاد في مضمونها الانساني السامي .

الحشد الشعبي تلك اللوحة الرائعة التي رُسمت بدماءٍ طاهرة، لوّنتها تضحيات كبيرة للرجال الغيارى من المؤمنين المُدافعين عن أرض العراق ضد رمز الارهاب الدواعش الذين عاثوا فساداً ودماراً لأجزاءٍ واسعة من الديار، ولم يقف تهديدها عند حدود العراق فحسب؛ بل طال جميع الدول المجاورة، ولدول العالم كافة .

فكان الحشد الشعبي أحد تلك القواعد الشعبية التي قررت الدفاع عن الأرض والعِرض والمقدسات من خلال الاستجابة لنداء المرجعية الشيعية المُتمثلة بفتواها الخالد للجهاد الكفائي، فتَبَنّت الهوية الوطنية لإفشال كل المخططات الصهيونية المُنادية بالهوية الطائفية.
الدين والهوية الوطنية في العراق إعادة قراءة في جدليتهما في ضوء خطب المرجعية وتوجهاتها
Authors: الساعدي كمال
Published: August 2023

شكلت الفتوى التي أصدرها سماحة المرجع آية الله العظمى السيد علي السيستاني لحظة تاريخية في مسيرة المرجعية ودورها في قيادة  الشعب العراقي ,ومحطة من محطات الجهاد التي إتسم بها مذهب أهل البيت ع في الدفاع عن الدين والوطن وحماية المظلومين والمستضعفين,في مرحلة ساد فيها الاعتقاد أن المنظمات الارهابية المجرمة والمدعومة من القوى الشريرة اقليميا ودوليا قد بسطت سيطرتها على ارض العراق ولم يتبق الا القليل حتى تعلن عن كيانها المسخ(الدولة الاسلامية المزعومة) فكانت الفتوى ضربة قاصمة أصابت هذه العصابات في القلب وكشفت عن عمق الروح الدينية لدى المجتمع العراقي وعمق النفوذ الذي تتمع به المرجعية في ضمير الشعب حتى من غير الشيعة,واستطاعت هذه الفتوى أن توقف عقارب زمن داعش وتعيد الى العراق كرامته وحريته.وكان للمرجعية اذرع متنوعة ومتعددة وقفت بشجاعة لتنفيذ هذه الفتوى ,ومن هذه الاذرع الحشد الشعبي الذي تشكل للرد على الغزو البربري للعراق والذي اثبت شجاعة نادرة أذهلت العالم وكسرت شوكة البغاة من المعتنقين للفكر التكفيري,وفي هذه الورقة البحثية نحاول أن نتناول العلاقة الجدلية العميقة بين الفتوى وبين إنبعاث الروح الوطنية العراقية التي تألقت مرة أخرى بفضل الموقف المرجعي مذكرة العالم بثورة العشرين التي انطلقت ايضا بفضل الدور المرجعي وشهامة اتباع أهل البيت بمزيج من الوعي الديني والوطني محاولين في هذا الأطار استكشاف الجدلية بين الدين والهوية الوطنية.
قافلة النصر الدور الجهادي لقافلة (الاسلام محتاج الى جميع ابناءه) للدعم اللوجستي (2015 -2019م ) دراسة وثائقية
Authors: الحساني سليم
Published: August 2023

ان من اسباب ادامة النصر هو توثيق الاحداث والمواقف والبطولات التي كانت سبب في تحقيق النصر في المعارك ، ودراسة قوافل الدعم اللوجستي وتوثيقها يعد صفحة جديدة في تاريخ الحروب ، و توثيقها هو اضافة صفحة من التجارب في المعارك ،وشهادة على الدور البطولي في تحقيق النصر على الجماعات الارهابية التي احتلت جزء من العراق عام( 2014-2016م) ،واستحضار للدور البارز لقافلة( الاسلام محتاج الى جميع ابنائه) التي لها دور بطولي وتجربة رائدة في ميدان العمل اللوجستي التطوعي  .
30 años de transformación regional. Girardot
Authors: Méndez Juan Carlos , Carranza Laurentino , Benavides Pava Darío , Andrade Navia Juan Manuel , Díaz María Patricia , Castro Diego Armando , Serrano Arturo , Melo Ana Beatríz , García Alberto
Published: August 2023

Los orígenes de la Universidad Cundinamarca Seccional Girardot se remontan al año de 1972, mediante Ordenanza Número 14, expedida por la Asamblea Departamental de Cundinamarca que, en principio se llamó Instituto Técnico Universitario de Cundinamarca (ituc) y pesados en los terrenos donados por la señora Amelia Barrios de Perdomo, Escritura Pública N.° 017 de enero 20 de 1941, para el funcionamiento de una institución dedicada al área de la salud, sin embargo, luego de que el hospital San Rafael funcionara por un tiempo y dejara el predio, la Universidad los tomados.
ক্রমবর্ধমান প্রশিক্ষণ চাহিদার প্রেক্ষাপটে বাংলাদেশ লোক প্রশাসন প্রশিক্ষণ কেন্দ্রের ভূমিকা
Authors: হোসেন মোহাম্মদ জাহাঙ্গীর
Published: August 2023

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Public Sector Carpet Mills
Authors: Reza M.M.
Published: August 2023

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SOSIALISASI MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN DAN MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN PADA KELOMPOK PKK DAN UMKM DI DESA KRANGGAN KECAMATAN NGAJUM KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Rustantono Hendra , Maida Nur Al , Rasyid Hamidi , Rofiah Lailatul , Maslahah Wafiyatu
Published: August 2023

Manajemen keuangan yang baik juga akan memperbaiki aspek pengendalian usaha, dimana pelaku UMKM dapat mengetahui apakah rencana keuangannya tercapai atau tidak serta membantu mencari tahu penyebabnya. Dalam strategi pemasaran diperlukan visi misi yang nantinya akan menjadi sebuah acuan tujuan yang baik dan mengarahkan para pelaku usaha untuk tetap berada pada jalur yang sesuai demi tercapainya tujuan. Tujuannya agar kelompok PKK dan UMKM dapat memanfaatkan yang telah diberikan agar dapat diaplikasikan dengan baik dan inovatif agar kedepannya bisa menjadi peluang untuk menambah penghasilan yang lebih memuaskan dan kesejahteraan hidup lebih menigkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah sosialisasi serta pendampingan dengan cara memberikan sosialisasi kepada kelompok PKK dan UMKM tentang manajemen keuangan dan manajemen pemasaran dan memberikan pendampingan dalam pemasaran dan keuangan pada kelompok PKK dan UMKM. Hasil dari sosialisasi ini pun melebihi perkiraan dari tim KKN-T kelompok 9, dikarenakan antusiasme peserta yang begitu besar. Walaupun dari segi isi dan materi mungkin masih banyak kekurangan, tetapi pada dasarnya peserta sudah mampu memahami inti dan tujuan diadakannya sosialisasi ini terutama dalam bidang usaha dari segi pemasaran dan pengelolaan keuangan yang baik.

Manajemen keuangan yang baik juga akan memperbaiki aspek pengendalian usaha, dimana pelaku UMKM dapat mengetahui apakah rencana keuangannya tercapai atau tidak serta membantu mencari tahu penyebabnya. Dalam strategi pemasaran diperlukan visi misi yang nantinya akan menjadi sebuah acuan tujuan yang baik dan mengarahkan para pelaku usaha untuk tetap berada pada jalur yang sesuai demi tercapainya tujuan. Tujuannya agar kelompok PKK dan UMKM dapat memanfaatkan yang telah diberikan agar dapat diaplikasikan dengan baik dan inovatif agar kedepannya bisa menjadi peluang untuk menambah penghasilan yang lebih memuaskan dan kesejahteraan hidup lebih menigkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah sosialisasi serta pendampingan dengan cara memberikan sosialisasi kepada kelompok PKK dan UMKM tentang manajemen keuangan dan manajemen pemasaran dan memberikan pendampingan dalam pemasaran dan keuangan pada kelompok PKK dan UMKM. Hasil dari sosialisasi ini pun melebihi perkiraan dari tim KKN-T kelompok 9, dikarenakan antusiasme peserta yang begitu besar. Walaupun dari segi isi dan materi mungkin masih banyak kekurangan, tetapi pada dasarnya peserta sudah mampu memahami inti dan tujuan diadakannya sosialisasi ini terutama dalam bidang usaha dari segi pemasaran dan pengelolaan keuangan yang baik.
ALCOHOLISM AND ITS TREATMENT IN INDIA : A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Dr. Amit Kumar  , Dr. Priyanka Sharma
Published: August 2023

Alcohol use is typically established during adolescence and initiation of use at a young age poses risks for short- and long-term health and social outcomes. However, there is limited understanding of the onset, progression and impact of alcohol use among adolescents in India. The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence about prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in adolescents from India. In recent years, rates of excessive alcohol use and alcohol related mortality have risen sharply in many countries. During the same period the relaxation of alcohol control measures and increased deuce have made it easier for people to obtain alcohol beverages. At the same time the production and distributing’ of alcoholic beverages involves the livelihood of millions of persons and provides very substantial revenues to Government. Patterns of alcohol use are affected by culture and history and intertwined with the rhythms of work life. Recent international research on gender and alcohol has clearly demonstrated that programs and policies that try to be gender–sensitive cannot ignore cultural influences. Large cross–national variation in gender differences in drinking behavior indicates that biological factors alone cannot account for differences in how women and men drink. To be gender– sensitive, education, prevention and treatment programs, and alcohol policies must take into account both biological differences in alcohol effects and culturally defined gender roles that specify expected and tolerated drinking behavior for women and men.
JOB SATISFACTION, JOB SECURITY, AND CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN THE GIG ECONOMY
Authors: Iyobhebhe Itohan  , Okundalaiye Henry  , Abiodun Olumuyiwa
Published: August 2023

This article examines job satisfaction, job security, and career advancement experienced by individuals working as Uber drivers within the gig economy. This study employed a structured questionnaire to collect responses from 200 Uber drivers in Lagos. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS, concentrating on simple regression analysis. According to the studys findings, the gig economy provides job satisfaction, which can be attributed primarily to flexibility, autonomy, and diversified work opportunities. However, no correlation was found between job security and career advancement in the gig economy, as evidenced by inadequate compensation, unpredictable work hours, excessive responsibilities, insufficient rest, and significant exhaustion. In light of the myriad findings obtained in this investigation, our research ascertained that the utilization of digital platforms is imperative for the operational efficacy of the gig economy.
KEYWORDS: Job satisfaction, Job security, Career advancement, Gig economy.
Design of an automated electro-mechanical shredder-grid-door positioner for online setting adjustments
Authors: Plaza Floren , Kent Geoff A. , McKenzie Neil , Ryan Kelly , Pape David , Lucke Adam , Nelson David , Horne Darren
Published: August 2023

The design of an automated electro-mechanical shredder-grid-door positioner and its components, programming, installation and commissioning are presented in this paper. The positioner can be used to vary the shredder grid setting, and so preparation to assist processing soft cane varieties through the milling train. A second purpose is to work with shredder drives (such as steam turbines) of limited power to avoid stalling the drive, which can result in factory stops. The driver for this design has been concerns in recent years that some cane varieties in the development pipeline have a fibre quality classified as soft, with some soft enough to cause processing problems in the factory. The main issues have been feeding of the cane through the milling train and high bagasse moisture, causing subsequent combustion issues and low steam pressure at the boiler station. These cane varieties are usually designated as ‘soft canes’, and their presence has been noted as far back as 60 years ago. Trials were carried out at Isis Central Mill to understand and improve the processing of existing soft cane varieties. The automated shredder-grid-door positioner was installed during October of the 2021 crushing season so that full factory trials could be carried out, including automated grid positioning. The positioner was made up of a master/slave configuration with two 5 t power jacks driven by servo gear motors controlled by two inverters.
A Multivocal Literature Review on Non-Technical Debt in Software Development: {A}n Insight into Process, Social, People, Organizational, and Culture Debt
Authors: Saeeda Hina , Ovais Ahamd Muhammad , Gustavsson Tomas
Published: August 2023

Software development encompasses various factors beyond technical considerations. Neglecting non-technical elements like individuals, processes, culture, and social and organizational aspects can lead to debt-like characteristics that demand attention. Therefore, we introduce the non-technical debt (NTD) concept to encompass and explore these aspects. This indicates the applicability of the debt analogy to non-technical facets of software development. Technical debt (TD) and NTD share similarities and often arise from risky decision-making processes, impacting both software development professionals and software quality. Overlooking either type of debt can lead to significant implications for software development success. The current study conducts a comprehensive multivocal literature review (MLR) to explore the most recent research on NTD, its causes, and potential mitigation strategies. For analysis, we carefully selected 40 primary studies among 110 records published until October 1, 2022. The study investigates the factors contributing to the accumulation of NTD in software development and proposes strategies to alleviate the adverse effects associated with it. This MLR offers a contemporary overview and identifies prospects for further investigation, making a valuable contribution to the field. The findings of this research highlight that NTD’s impacts extend beyond monetary aspects, setting it apart from TD. Furthermore, the findings reveal that rectifying NTD is more challenging than addressing TD, and its consequences contribute to the accumulation of TD. To avert software project failures, a comprehensive approach that addresses NTD and TD concurrently is crucial. Effective communication and coordination play a vital role in mitigating NTD, and the study proposes utilizing the 3C model as a recommended framework to tackle NTD concerns.
Deutsch-französische Literaturbeziehungen im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert. Einleitung
Authors: Luckscheiter Christian
Published: August 2023

Abstract ,,Man muß es sich zugeben“, schreibt Ingeborg Bachmann 1964, ,,man ist nicht mehr auf der Höhe.“ An die Stelle der traditionellen Kultur-Mittler*innen – ,,der großen Damen, die Konzerte und Ballette protegierten und finanzierten,
[…] der großen Herren, die Gedanken und Manuskripte und Spürsinn für die Kunst von morgen in ihrem Gepäck mitführten“ – seien längst ,,der Markt“ und ,,Experten“ getreten. Man schaue nicht mehr ,,mit glänzenden Augen in die
Warenhausfenster anderer Nationen“. Der neugierige Blick über die Grenze sei einem Gefühl der permanenten Inkompetenz gewichen, und selbst die ,,Schöngeister“, ihrer überkommenen Mittlerfunktion beraubt, würden sich inzwischen ,,unendlich klein und eingeschüchtert“1
fühlen.
Wahlverwandtschaften. : Deutsch-französische Theaternetzwerke nach 1945: Benno Besson als Grenzgänger und Mittler
Authors: Colin Nicole
Published: August 2023

Abstract Benno Besson (1922–2006) war nicht nur einer der wichtigsten europäischen Theaterregisseure seiner Generation, sondern auch ein überaus produktiver Mittler im deutsch-französischen Kulturtransfer nach 1945. Der Beitrag untersucht die künstlerischen
Netzwerke Bessons, der als Wanderer zwischen den Welten ein wichtiges Verbindungsglied im Kalten Krieg zwischen der DDR und Frankreich, zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland sowie zwischen Frankeich, Deutschland und der Schweiz bildete.Benno Besson (1922–2006) was not only one of the
most important European theatre directors of his generation, but also an extremely productive mediator in Franco-German cultural transfer after 1945. The article examines the artistic networks of Besson, who, as a wanderer between worlds, represented an influential link between the GDR and
France, between East and West Germany, and between France, Germany, and Switzerland during the Cold War.
Quelque chose qui est une sorte de résistance. : Formen deutsch-französischer Erinnerung bei Anne Weber*
Authors: Kraume Anne
Published: August 2023

Abstract Mit August. Ein bürgerliches Puppentrauerspiel (2011), Ahnen. Ein Zeitreisetagebuch (2015) und Annette. Ein Heldinnenepos (2020) analysiert der vorliegende Artikel drei Werke der deutsch-französischen Schriftstellerin Anne Weber, in
denen diese eine intensive Reflexion über die literarische Form mit der Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Literatur und Geschichte verknüpft. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es Weber vor dem Hintergrund der Verheerungen des Nationalsozialismus insbesondere um die Widerstandskraft der Literatur
in einem deutsch-französischen und europäischen Kontext geht.With August. Ein bürgerliches Puppentrauerspiel (2011), Ahnen. Ein Zeitreisetagebuch (2015) and Annette. Ein Heldinnenepos (2020), this article analyzes three works by the German-French writer
Anne Weber, in which she links an intensive reflection on the literary form with the question of the relation between literature and history. It shows that for Weber, what is up for debate is nothing less than the resilience of literature in a Franco-German and European context against the
backdrop of the devastation of National Socialism.
Alfred Döblins eigenhändige Kartenskizzen Chinas, seine Rezeption des Geografen von Richthofen und die exemplarisch rekonstruierte Route Wang-luns nach Jinan
Authors: Jiang Ying , Mardaus Frank
Published: August 2023

Abstract Namensstifter für den Protagonisten Wang-lun in Alfred Döblins 1916 erschienenem Roman Die drei Sprünge des Wang-lun war der Anführer einer historischen Rebellion in der Umgebung Linqings in der chinesischen Provinz Shandong im Jahr 1774.
Döblins literarische Fiktion erweitert diese regional begrenzte Rebellion zu einem für die Qing-Dynastie gefährlichen überregionalen, allerdings nicht landesweiten Aufstand. Die Romanhandlung ist nämlich – mit Ausnahme der Ausgangspunkte und Wegstrecken zweier
Züge hoher Amts- und Würdenträger nach Peking – geografisch begrenzt auf die drei Provinzen Zhili, Jiangsu und Shandong; letztere mit der Hauptstadt Jinan, bei Döblin Tsi-nan-fu genannt.
Lexico-semantic Analysis of Sam Ukala’s Skeletons: A Collection of Storie
Authors: Edokpayi Justina N.
Published: August 2023

This study is devoted to Ukala’s use of lexico-semantic devices in Skeletons: A Collection of Stories, to convey the themes of the text. The ability of a literary writer to use the appropriate lexical items and style in a text is expedient for the conveyance of meanings, and the themes of such a text. This is due to the fact that the ideational function of language can only be performed if the readers effectively grasp the subject matter of the text. Every literary artist strives to convey his/her messages in the best possible manner. This study explicates Ukala’s creative strategies and choice of words in his text under study. Due to Nigeria’s complex language problem, which is compounded by the British imposition of the English Language on Nigeria as a result of colonialism, creative writers are constrained creating literature in a second language, which is alien to African culture. To adequately articulate African culture, world-view and their literary visions in their texts, the English language has been domesticated through manipulation and adaptation. Ukala contextualizes English in Skeletons by the deployment of various creative devices, among which are figures of speech, proverbs, idioms, lexical collocation, and neologism. Due to the poetic license which creative writers enjoy, he violates the rules of semantic expectancy, in his linguistic and creative experimentation in Skeletons. This paper identifies and explicates the various lexico-semantic devices Ukala deploys, and their stylistic functions in the text. The study will be of immense contribution to knowledge because it will act as a springboard to researches in the language of African literature.
ANALYSING THE CONTENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE SUBJECT OF THE PENAL SYSTEM
Authors: Кулакова С.В.
Published: August 2023

В статье представлены результаты организации научной деятельности психологов и сравнительного анализа разработанных в уголовно-исполнительной системе Российской Федерации научных, научно-практических, практических и иных работ по организации психологической работы с личным составом за период с 2001 по 2021 гг. Выделены направления психологического сопровождения личного состава, которые в наибольшей степени находили отражение в исследуемом перечне работ, а также те, которые за исследуемый период рассматривались периодически и эпизодически. Выявлено, что приоритетной формой научных работ являются методические рекомендации, то есть разновидность научно-практических работ, дающих советы по организации и осуществлению какой-либо практической деятельности на основе теоретических разработок. Таким образом, в настоящее время в УИС имеется значительный объем имеющихся материалов научного и практического характера, многие из которых не потеряли своей актуальности и ценности для современных запросов пенитенциарной системы. Имеющийся фонд научных работ может применяться и в настоящее время, обогащая систему профессиональных знаний и умений психологов УИС в вопросах психологического сопровождения личного состава УИС.

The article presents the results of the organization of the scientific activities of psychologists and a comparative analysis of scientific, scientific-practical, practical and other works developed in the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation on the organization of psychological work with personnel for the period from 2001 to 2021. The directions of psychological support of the personnel are singled out, which were reflected to the greatest extent in the list of works under study, as well as those that were considered periodically and episodically during the study period. It is revealed that the priority form of scientific work is methodological recommendations, that is, a kind of scientific and practical work that gives advice on the organization and implementation of any practical activity based on theoretical developments. Thus, at present there is a significant amount of available materials of a scientific and practical nature in the penal system, many of which have not lost their relevance and value for the modern demands of the penitentiarysystem. The existing fund of scientific works can be used at the present time, enriching the system of professional knowledge and skills of psychologists of the UIS in matters of psychological support of the personnel of the UIS.
DISORGANISATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS: PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION
Authors: Латыпова Д.М. , Пономарева М.В.
Published: August 2023

В статье проанализированы пробелы законодательной регламентации преступления, предусмотренного ст. 321 УК РФ. В статье обосновываются предложения по изменению уголовного законодательства, а именно внесение в диспозицию статьи такого признака, как дезорганизационные действия, совершенные в исправительном центре, предназначенном для отбывания наказания в виде принудительных работ. Изменения предлагаются в название и диспозицию статьи. Авторы статьи предлагают внести изменения в ч. 2 ст. 321 УК РФ, расширить категорию потерпевшего по исследуемой норме, включив в нее лиц, занимающих гражданские должности. Одним из предложений также выступает снижение возраста уголовной ответственности за дезорганизационные действия, совершаемые в учреждении до минимально предусмотренного действующим законодательством предела – 14 лет. Также авторами статьи обосновывается необходимость преступные деяния, предусмотренные диспозицией статьи разделить на две разные нормы, предусматривающие разную ответственность за насильственные дезорганизационные посягательства в отношении сотрудника и лиц, отбывающих наказание или содержащихся под стражей. Исследовав признаки, предусмотренные квалифицированным составом, авторы предлагают изменить форму соучастия на группу лиц без предварительного сговора как наиболее часто встречающуюся в судебной практике исправительных учреждений.

The article analyzes the gaps in the legislative regulation of the crime under Article 321 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article substantiates proposals to change the criminal legislation, namely, the introduction of such a feature as disorganizing actions committed in a correctional center intended for serving a sentence in the form of forced labor into the disposition of the article. Changes are proposed to the title and disposition of the article. The authors of the article propose to amend Part 2 of Article 321 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to expand the category of the victim according to the norm under study, including persons holding civil positions. One of the proposals is also to reduce the age of criminal responsibility for disorganizing actions committed in an institution to the minimum limit provided for by current legislation – 14 years. Also, the authors of the article substantiate the need to divide the criminal acts provided for by the disposition of the article into two different norms providing for different responsibility for violent disorganized attacks against an employee and persons serving a sentence or in custody. Having examined the signs provided by the qualified staff, the authors propose to change the form of complicity to a group of persons without prior collusion as the most common in the judicial practice of correctional institutions.
THE PROBLEMS OF CIRCUMSTANCES ESTABLISHING THAT EXCLUDE THE CRIMINALITY OF THE ACTIONS OF MEDICAL WORKERS IN CAUSING HARM TO THE PATIENT'S HEALTH
Authors: Самиулина Я.В. , Буравов И.С.
Published: August 2023

В статье анализируются теоретические и практические вопросы применения к медицинским работникам, совершившим ятрогенные преступления, положений Уголовного кодекса РФ об обстоятельствах, исключающих преступность деяния в случае причинения вреда здоровью пациента. Медицинское вмешательство, имея своей целью охрану жизни и здоровья пациента, в любом случае связано с риском для него. В уголовном законе существуют положения, которые могут исключать наказуемость деяний медицинских работников при исполнении профессиональных обязанностей. Однако по делам о ятрогенных преступлениях суды по-разному оценивают доказательства и предъявляют различные требования к стандарту доказывания деяния, вследствие чего существует правовая неопределенность, которая позволяет правоприменителю привлекать к уголовной ответственности медицинских работников, когда собранные доказательства однозначно не подтверждают виновность лица. Результатом исследования явилось обоснование о необходимости разработки специализированного постановления Пленума Верховного суда РФ о ятрогенных преступлениях.

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical issues of applying the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the circumstances excluding the criminality of the act in case of harm to the patient's health to medical workers who have committed iatrogenic crimes. Medical intervention, with the aim of protecting the life and health of the patient, is in any case associated with a risk to him. There are provisions in the criminal law that may exclude the punishability of acts of medical personnel in the performance of professional duties. However, in cases of iatrogenic crimes, the courts evaluate the evidence differently and impose different requirements on the standard of proof of the act, as a result of which there is legal uncertainty that allows the law enforcer to prosecute medical professionals when the evidence collected does not unequivocally confirm the guilt of the person. The result of the study was the rationale for the need to develop a specialized resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on iatrogenic crimes.
Kết quả phẫu thuật điều trị u tuyến nước bọt mang tai
Authors: XUAN HUNG NGUYEN
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Đặt vấn đề: U tuyến nước bọt mang tai là loại khối u điển hình tính đa dạng hình thái mô học giữa các khối u khác nhau cũng như trong cùng một khối u. Phần lớn u lành tính chiếm tỉ lệ 80% nhưng có xu hướng ác tính hóa. U ác tính chiếm tỉ lệ 20%. Chẩn đoán dựa vào lâm sàng, chụp cộng hưởng từ, chọc hút tế bào. Phẫu thuật là phương pháp chính được lựa chọn đầu tay, xạ trị đóng vai trò bổ trợ chính, hóa trị có vai trò trong trường hợp di căn xa.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Những bệnh nhân u tuyến mang tai được phẫu thuật và điều trị tại Trung tâm Ung bướu, Bệnh viện trung ương Huế từ tháng 1năm 2019 đến tháng 7 năm 2022.Thực hiện nghiên cứu tiến cứu, có theo dõi dọc. Kết quả: Trong 40 trường hợp, có 36 bệnh nhân đạt kết quả tốt, 2 bệnh nhân đạt kết quả trung bình, 2 bệnh nhân đạt kết quả kém.

Kết luận: Chẩn đoán và phẫu thuật u tuyến nước bọt mang tai đúng sẽ đem lại kết quả tốt, giảm biến chứng và tránh tái phát

ABSTRACT

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT FOR SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

Background: Parotid tumors are abnormal growths of cells that form in the parotid glands. Most parotid tumors are benign, though some tumors can become cancerous. Rate of benign tumor is 80%, rate of tumor cancer is about 20%. Tests and procedures used to diagnose salivary gland tumor include: physical exam, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imagining (MRI), collecting of a sample of tissue for testing (biopsy) such as fine - needle aspiration (NFA). Treatment for salivary gland tumors is usually with surgery to remove the tumor, salivary gland tumors cancers may need additional treatment such as with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out at oncology center in Hue Central Hopital from January of 2019 to July of 2022. We analyzed the clinical data from 20 patients with parotide tumor. Results: In 40 cases, 36 cases had good result, 2 cases had midle result, 2 cases had bad result.

Conclusions: Diagnosis exactly and the best parotidectomy will have a good result, reduce the complications and avoiding the recurrence.
Kết quả bước đầu điều trị osimertinib trong ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn muộn có đột biến gen egfr
Authors: THI NHU HOA NGUYEN
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Nghiên cứu can thiệp hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu nhằm mục tiêu đánh giá kết quả ban đầu osimertinib trong điều trị bước một ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ (UTPKTBN) giai đoạn muộn có đột biến EGFR. Đối tượng nghiên cứu gồm 53 bệnh nhân, được điều trị bằng osimertinib tại bệnh viện K từ tháng 04/2019 đến tháng 02/2023. Đánh giá đáp ứng và các tác dụng không mong muốn. Kết quả cho thấy tỉ lệ đáp ứng 84,9% (đáp ứng 1 phần 83%, đáp ứng hoàn toàn 1,9%). Tỷ lệ kiểm soát bệnh 98,1%. Các tác dụng không mong muốn gồm khô da (28,3%), ngứa da (15,1%), nổi ban da (5,7%), viêm quanh móng (1,9%) và tiêu chảy (1,9%). Các tác dụng phụ đều ở độ 1 - 2, không gặp độ 3 - 4. Điều trị osimertinib trong bước một UTPKTBN giai đoạn muộn có đột biến EGFR bước đầu đem lại hiệu quả cao và dung nạp tốt cho bệnh nhân.

ABSTRACT

INITIAL RESULTS OF OSIMERTINIB AS THE FIRST LINE THERAPY OF ADVANCED EGFR - MUTATED NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

A retrospective and prospective intervention study to evaluate the initial results of osimertinib as the first - line treatment of advanced EGFR - mutated non - small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To clarify this issue, 53 patients were treated with osimertinib at Vietnam Nationcal Cancer Hospital from April 2019 to February 2023. Evaluation of the respone rate and adverse events. Our results showed that the response rate was 84.9% (partial response rate 83%, complete response rate 1.9%). The disease control rate was 98.1%. All reported side effects was grade 1 - 2, including dry skin (28.3%), pruritus (15,1%), rash (5.7%), paronychia (1.9%) và diarrhea (1.9%). In conclusion, osimertinib is initially highly effective and well-tolerated in the subset of EGFR - mutated NSCLC patients.
Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật u tuyến giáp có phân loại tế bào học thuộc nhóm BETHESDA IV
Authors: Bùi Trọng
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng, đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật u tuyến giáp có chẩn đoán tế bào học thuộc nhóm Bethesda IV và đối chiếu kết quả tế bào học với mô bệnh học sau mổ.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu mô tả trên 52 bệnh nhân u tuyến giáp có tế bào học thuộc nhóm Bethesda IV tại bệnh viện trường Đại Học Y Dược Huế từ 01/01/2021 đến 30/07/2022.

Kết quả: Nữ giới chiếm 96,2%. Độ tuổi trung bình là 43,4 ± 13,6 tuổi. 75,0% bệnh nhân không có triệu chứng khi vào viện. U phân bố đều ở 2 thùy. Kích thước u trung bình là 2,0 ± 1,2 cm. Độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu của TIRADS trên u tuyến giáp Bethesda IV là 60,9% và 89,7%. 51,9% bệnh nhân được cắt 1 thùy giáp, 42,3% bệnh nhân được cắt toàn bộ tuyến giáp. 14,8% bệnh nhân trong nhóm cắt 1 thùy giáp phải phẫu thuật lại lần 2. Các biến chứng gặp trong nghiên cứu này là suy tuyến cận giáp tạm thời (13,5%), suy tuyến cận giáp vĩnh viễn (3,8%), liệt dây thần kinh thanh quản quặt ngược tạm thời (1,9%) và tụ dịch (1,9%). 44,2% các trường hợp có mô bệnh học ác tính. Các thể mô bệnh học phổ biến là ung thư tuyến giáp thể nhú (36,5%), bướu keo tuyến giáp (30,8%), u tuyến tuyến giáp (17,3%), ung thư tuyến giáp thể nhú biến thể nang (5,8%).

Kết luận: Phẫu thuật là phương pháp điều trị triệt căn giúp cung cấp thông tin về mặt mô bệnh học. Các biến chứng của phẫu thuật u tuyến giáp Bethesda IV tương đương với các nghiên cứu khác trên nhóm u tuyến giáp nói chung. Từ khóa: Bethesda IV, U tuyến giáp.

ABSTRACT

EFFICACY OF SURGICAL APPROACH IN BETHESDA IV CATEGORY THYROID NODULES

Objectives: Explore clinical symptoms and tests, evaluate the efficacy of surgery in the treatment of Bethesda IV thyroid nodules and review histopathological results.

Methods: 52 patients with Bethesda IV thyroid nodules in Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 01/01/2021 to 30/07/2022.

Results: 96,2% are female. The average age is 43,3 ± 13,6. 75% patients hospitalized without any symptoms. Tumors distribute equally in 2 lobes. The average dimension is 2,0 ± 1,2cm. Sensitivity and specific of TIRADS is 60,9% and 89,7%, respectively. 51,9% patients underwent total thyroidectomy, 42,3% patients underwent lobectomy. Complete thyroidectomy was conducted in 14,8% cases. Surgical complications in this research were transient hypoparathyroidism (13,5%), permanent hypoparathyroidism (3,8%), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (1,9%) and seroma (1,9%). 44,2% cases was malignant. The most common histopathology types were: Papillary carcinoma (36,5%), colloid nodules (30,8%), follicular adenoma (17,3%), follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (5,8%).

Conclusions: Surgery is a curative type of treatments in Bethesda IV thyroid nodules. Besides, surgery play an important role in histopathology diagnosis. The complications of thyroid surgery is equivalent to other studies.
Đánh giá hiệu quả và độc tính của hóa trị gây đáp ứng phác đồ docetaxel - cisplatin - 5 fluorouracil trong ung thư vòm giai đoạn iii - iva tại Bệnh Viện Trung Ương Huế
Authors: VAN TUAT HUYNH
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả và độc tính của phác đồ hóa trị gây đáp ứng Docetaxel - Cisplatin - 5 - Fluorouracil (TPF) trên bệnh nhân ung thư vòm giai đoạn III - IVA.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả, tiến cứu kết hợp hồi cứu, tiến hành trên 34 bệnh nhân ung thư vòm giai đoạn III - IVA được điều trị bằng phác đồ hóa trị gây đáp ứng TPF tại Bệnh viện Trung Ương Huế từ tháng 11/2019 - 06/2022 và theo dõi đến tháng 6/2023.

Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình 46,7 ± 13,1, tỷ lệ nam/nữ là 2,8/1. Giai đoạn IVA chiếm đa số 61,8% và giai đoạn III chiếm 38,2%. Đáp ứng cơ năng sau điều trị hóa chất 97,1%. Tỷ lệ đáp ứng toàn bộ 88,2%, trong đó 17,6% đáp ứng hoàn toàn, 70,6% đáp ứng một phần. Tỷ lệ sống thêm bệnh không tiến triển tại thời điểm 1 năm 88,2%. Tỷ lệ sống thêm toàn bộ 1 năm là 94,1%. Các độc tính thường gặp là giảm bạch cầu hạt 50% (giảm độ III - IV 11,8% và sốt giảm bạch cầu hạt 0%), tiêu chảy 32,4% (độ III 5,9%), buồn nôn, nôn 55,9% (độ III-IV 0%), rụng tóc 88,2%. Không xuất hiện độc tính gây tử vong.

Kết luận: Điều trị hóa trị gây đáp ứng phác đồ TPF mang lại hiệu quả cao trên ung thư vòm giai đoạn III - IVA với độc tính chấp nhận được.

ABSTRACT

OUTCOMES AND TOXICITY OF INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY WITH DOCETAXEL - CISPLATIN - 5 FLUOROURACIL REGIMEN IN STAGE III - IVA NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

Objectives: To evaluate the treatment outcomes and toxicities of the induction chemotherapy with Docetaxel - Cisplatin - 5 Fluorouracil (TPF) regimen in stage III - IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods: A combined descriptive study of prospective and retrospective was conducted on thirty - four eligible stage III - IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with induction chemotherapy regimen TPF in Hue Central Hospital between 11/2019 and 6/2022, follow - up until 6/2023.

Results: Median age 46.7 ± 13.1, male/female ratio 2.8/1. Stage IVA patients were dominant with 61.8%, while stage III patients were 38.2%. The subjective response rate after induction chemotherapy was 97.1%. The overall response rate was 88.2%, with 17.6% complete response and 70.6% partial response. The progression - free survival rate at 1 year was 88.2%. The overall survival rate at 1 year was 94.1%. Common toxicities comprised neutropenia 50% (grade III - IV 11.8%, febrile neutropenia 0%), diarrhea 32.4% (grade III 5.9%), nausea, vomiting 55.9% (grade III-IV 0%), alopecia 88.2%, and no treatment - related deaths.

Conclusion: TPF regimen achieved highly effective treatment outcome in stage III - IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma with manageable toxicity.
INTELLIGENT PREDICTION OF THE FROST RESISTANCE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE: A MACHINE LEARNING METHOD
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cao Yuan , Xia Linyu , Zhang Desen , Xu Wen , Liu Yang
Published: August 2023

Frost resistance in very cold areas is an important engineering issue for the durability of concrete, and the efficient and accurate prediction of the frost resistance of concrete is a crucial basis for determining reasonable design mix proportions. For a quick and accurate prediction of the frost resistance of concrete, a Bayesian optimization (BO)-random forest (RF) approach was used to establish a frost resistance prediction model that consists of three phases. A case study of a key national engineering project results show that (1) the RF can be used to effectively screen the factors that influence concrete frost resistance. (2) R2 of BO-RF for the training set and the test set are 0.967 and 0.959, respectively, which are better than those of the other algorithms. (3) Using the test data from the first section of the project for prediction, good results are obtained for the second section. The proposed BO-RF hybrid algorithm can accurately and quickly predict the frost resistance of concrete, and provide a reference basis for intelligent prediction of concrete durability.
The Molecular Clouds in a Section of the Third Galactic Quadrant: Observational Properties and Chemical Abundance Ratio between CO and its Isotopologues
Authors: Wang Chen , Feng Haoran , Yang Ji , Chen Xuepeng , Su Yang , Yan Qing-Zeng , Du Fujun , Ma Yuehui , Cai Jiajun
Published: August 2023

We compare the observational properties between 12CO, 13CO, and C18O and summarize the observational parameters based on a 7069-cloud sample from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting CO survey in a section of the third Galactic quadrant. We find that the 13CO angular area (

A

13

CO

) generally increases with that of 12CO (

A

12

CO

), and the ratio of

A

13

CO

to

A

12

CO

is 0.38 by linear fitting. We find that the 12CO and 13CO flux are tightly correlated as

F

13

CO

=
0.17

F

12

CO

with both fluxes calculated within the 13CO-bright region. This indicates that the abundance

X

13

CO

is a constant as

6.5

−
0.5

+
0.1

×

10

−
7

for all samples under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Additionally, we observed that the X-factor is approximately constant in a large sample of molecular clouds. Similarly, we find

F

C

18

O

=
0.11

F

13

CO

with both fluxes calculated within the C18O-bright region, which indicates that the abundance ratio

X

13

CO

/

X

C

18

O

stays at the same value of

9.7

−
0.8

+
0.6

across the molecular clouds under the LTE assumption. The linear relationships of

F

12

CO

versus

F

13

CO

and

F

13

CO

versus

F

C

18

O

hold not only for the 13CO-bright region and C18O-bright region, but also for the entire molecular cloud scale with a lower flux ratio. The abundance ratio

X

13

CO

/

X

C

18

O

inside the clouds shows a strong correlation with the column density and temperature. This indicates that the ratio

X

13

CO

/

X

C

18

O

is dominated by a combination of chemical fractionation, selective dissociation, and the self-shielding effect inside the clouds.
Mass Transfer Theory Based Analysis of Influencing Factors on Component Gradient of Near-surface Atmosphere on Venus
Authors: Gao Wen , Yang Xiaoning , Wang Jing , Bi Yanqiang , Lin Boying , Shang Yonghong , Cui Xinguang
Published: August 2023

The atmosphere of Venus differs completely from that of Earth despite the planets’ similarity in size and mass. At Venus's surface, the atmosphere is hot and dense, with a temperature of approximately 735 K and a pressure of approximately 92 bar. The temperature profile from the Soviet VeGa-2 probe shows high instability of the near-ground potential temperature, which, according to relevant research, can be explained by the vertical gradient of N2 mole fraction. Based on the Maxwell–Stefan mass transfer theory, we propose a theoretical model of binary gas component for a quantitative discussion of influencing factors for the N2 vertical concentration gradient, which consist of temperature, gravity, specific heat ratio, mass relative factor, thermal diffusion factor, and CO2 flux. Our model shows that the 0%–3.5% N2 concentration gradient cannot be generated without CO2 flux in the near-ground atmosphere of Venus. And the result with CO2 source indicates that the 0.000001%–3.5% N2 concentration gradient at 0–7 km atmosphere can be generated by the 2.7 × 10−6 mol m−2 s−6 CO2 flux on Venusian surface, which is in agreement of gradient reckoned by VeGa-2's data. This magnitude of CO2 flux is close to the one produced by volcanic eruptions on Earth, indicating possible existence of volcanic activities on the surface of Venus. This work has provided the community a new vision to understand the influencing factors of Venusian atmospheres composition distribution.
Alignments between Galaxies and the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 1–2 in the IllustrisTNG Simulations
Authors: Zhang Benjamin , Lee Khee-Gan , Krolewski Alex , Shi Jingjing , Horowitz Benjamin , Kooistra Robin
Published: August 2023

Galaxy formation theories predict that galaxy shapes and angular momenta have nonrandom alignments with the cosmic web. This leads to so-called intrinsic alignment between pairs of galaxies, which is important to quantify as a nuisance parameter for weak lensing. We study galaxy–cosmic web alignment in the IllustrisTNG suite of hydrodynamical simulations at redshifts 1 and 2, finding that alignment trends are consistent with previous studies. However, we find that the magnitude of the spin alignment signal is ∼2.4× weaker than seen in previous studies of the Horizon-AGN simulation, suggesting that this signal may have a significant dependence on subgrid physics. Based on IllustrisTNG, we then construct mock observational spectroscopic surveys that can probe shape–cosmic web alignment at z ∼ 1–2, modeled on the low-z galaxy redshift and IGM tomography surveys on the upcoming Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph Galaxy Evolution (PFS GE) survey. However, even over box sizes of L = 205 h
−1 Mpc, we find that global anisotropies induce a sample variance in the 2D projected alignment signal that depend on the projected direction; this induces significant errors in the observed alignment. We predict a 5.3σ detection of IllustrisTNG’s shape alignment signal at z ∼ 1 from Subaru PFS GE, although a detection would be challenging at z ∼ 2. However, a rough rescaling of the relative alignment signal strengths between the TNG and Horizon-AGN simulations suggests that PFS GE should be able to more easily constrain the latter’s stronger signal.
How Large Is a Disk—What Do Protoplanetary Disk Gas Sizes Really Mean?
Authors: Trapman Leon , Rosotti Giovanni , Zhang Ke , Tabone Benoît
Published: August 2023

It remains unclear what mechanism is driving the evolution of protoplanetary disks. Direct detection of the main candidates, either turbulence driven by magnetorotational instabilities or magnetohydrodynamical disk winds, has proven difficult, leaving the time evolution of the disk size as one of the most promising observables able to differentiate between these two mechanisms. But to do so successfully, we need to understand what the observed gas disk size actually traces. We studied the relation between R
CO,90%, the radius that encloses 90% of the 12CO flux, and R

c
, the radius that encodes the physical disk size, in order to provide simple prescriptions for conversions between these two sizes. For an extensive grid of thermochemical models, we calculate R
CO,90% from synthetic observations and relate properties measured at this radius, such as the gas column density, to bulk disk properties, such as R

c
and the disk mass M
disk. We found an empirical correlation between the gas column density at R
CO,90% and disk mass:

N

gas

(

R

CO
,
90
%

)
≈
3.73

×

10

21

(

M

disk

/

M

⊙

)

0.34

cm

−
2

. Using this correlation we derive an analytical prescription of R
CO,90% that only depends on R

c
and M
disk. We derive R

c
for disks in Lupus, Upper Sco, Taurus, and the DSHARP sample, finding that disks in the older Upper Sco region are significantly smaller (〈R

c
〉 = 4.8 au) than disks in the younger Lupus and Taurus regions (〈R

c
〉 = 19.8 and 20.9 au, respectively). This temporal decrease in R

c
goes against predictions of both viscous and wind-driven evolution, but could be a sign of significant external photoevaporation truncating disks in Upper Sco.