bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERFIL CLÍNICO E SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DE LACERAÇÃO PERINEAL DURANTE OS PARTOS NORMAIS EM UM HOSPITAL E MATERNIDADE DO INTERIOR DO CEARÁ
Authors: Queiroz Jeffeson Hildo Medeiros de , Carvalho Mariana Sena de , Cerdeira Denilson de Queiroz , Barreto Kariza Lopes
Published: May 2020

As complicações do parto normal que a maioria das mulheres apresenta, são os traumas perineais, como episiotomia e lacerações. A laceração espontânea pode ser causada por fatores relacionados a episiotomia, condições maternas e da criança que podem aumentar as chances de uma laceração mais grave. Estas lacerações podem lesionar a pele e os músculos, dependendo do grau e gravidade da lesão. O que impulsionou a realização deste trabalho foi perceber, por meio de uma análise na literatura vigente, a incidência da laceração perineal e episiotomia no Brasil. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar e obter o número de lesões perineais e identificar o perfil das mulheres que obtiveram parto por via vaginal e tiveram presença de laceração perineal ou episiotomia. Neste estudo transversal, a amostra foi composta por 351 prontuários de puérperas que tiveram parto normal entre o período de setembro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018 no Hospital e Maternidade Santa Luíza de Marillac (HMSLM) em Aracati-Ceará, Brasil. Observou-se que as parturientes tinham entre 14-41 anos, a maioria das primíparas não foi submetida à episiotomia, os partos sem episiotomia apresentaram laceração de 1° grau. Além disso, verificou-se a relação entre posição do parto e peso do recém-nascido com o índice de lacerações. Percebe-se que este procedimento não previne laceração, visto que os partos com episiotomia resultaram em lacerações mais graves. É preciso mais estudos para determinar os parâmetros corretos na tomada de decisão clínica sobre a episiotomia.
Direct ACE2- Spike RBD Binding Disruption with Small Molecules: A Strategy for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Smieszek Sandra , Przychodzen Bart , Polymeropoulos Vasilios , Polymeropoulos Christos , Polymeropoulos Mihael
Published: May 2020

ACE2 is a key receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Binding of SARS-Cov-2 to ACE2 involves the viral Spike protein. The molecular interaction between ACE2 and Spike has been resolved. Interfering with this interaction might be used in treating patients with COVID-19. Inhibition of this interaction can be attained via multiple routes: here we focus on identifying small molecules that would prevent the interaction. Specifically we focus on small molecules and peptides that have the capacity to effectively bind the ACE2: RBD contact domain to prevent and reduce SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell. We aim to identify molecules that prevent the docking of viral spike protein (mediated by RBD) onto cells expressing ACE2, without inhibiting the activity of ACE2. We utilize the most recent ACE2-RBD crystallography resolved model (PDB-ID:6LZG). Based on animal susceptibility data we narrowed down our interest to the location of amino acid 34 (Histidine) located on ACE2. We performed an in silico screen of a chemical library of compounds with several thousand small molecules including FDA approved compounds. All compounds were tested for binding to the proximal binding site located close to histidine 34 on ACE2. We report a list of four potential small molecules that potentially have the capacity to bind target residue: AY-NH2, a selective PAR4 receptor agonist peptide (CAS number: 352017-71-1), NAD+ (CAS number: 53-84-9), Reproterol, a short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma (CAS number: 54063-54-6), and Thymopentin, a synthetic immune-stimulant which enhances production of thymic T cells (CAS number: 69558-55-0). The focus is on a High Throughput Screen Assay (HTSA), or in silico screen, delineating small molecules that are selectively binding/masking the crucial interface residue on ACE2 at His34. Consequently, inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 binding to host ACE2 and viral entry is a potent strategy to reduce cellular entry of the virus. We suggest that this anti-viral nature of this interaction is a viable strategy for COVID19 whereas the small molecules including peptides warrant further in vitro screens.
Intermolecular Interaction Among Remdesivir, RNA and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 Analyzed by Fragment Molecular Orbital Calculation
Authors: Kato Koichiro , Honma Teruki , Fukuzawa Kaori
Published: May 2020

COVID-19, a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) originating from Wuhan, China, has now spread around the world, triggering a global pandemic, leaving the public eagerly awaiting the development of a specific medicine and vaccine. In response, aggressive efforts are underway around the world to overcome COVID-19. In this study, referencing the data published on the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 7BV2) on April 22, we conducted a detailed analysis of the interaction between the complex structures of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 and Remdesivir, an antiviral drug, from the quantum chemical perspective based on the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. In addition to the hydrogen bonding and intra-strand stacking between complementary strands as seen in normal base pairs, Remdesivir bound to the terminus of an primer-RNA strand was further stabilized by diagonal π-π stacking with the -1A base of the complementary strand and an additional hydrogen bond with an intra-strand base, due to the effect of chemically modified functional group. Moreover, stable OH/π interaction is also formed with Thr687 of the RdRp. We quantitatively revealed the exhaustive interaction within the complex among Remdesivir, template-primer-RNA, RdRp and co-factors, and published the results in the FMODB database.
Research on the Leadership of School Managers under Collectivization
Authors: Wang Yutian
Published: May 2020

In order to realize the high-quality and balanced development of the obligation education, school of collectivization has become an important measure. Its essence is the process of combining multiple individual schools in the region to form an organic organization of education group. In this process, school managers are faced with many problems such as remote management, increased difficulty in management, and increased cost of management. How to improve their leadership under collectivization has become a key issue of research. This study analyzes the connotation of school management leadership, and investigates from the aspects of structural leadership, teaching leadership, curriculum leadership and cultural value leadership. It believes that school managers should optimize the organizational structure and build a modern school system; improve the professional level and promote the common development of teachers; build school culture and create a good organizational atmosphere.
The Construction of Digital Media Art Teaching Model in the New Media Era
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Zheng Yi
Published: May 2020

In new media era, the network coverage is wider, application of mobile terminals is more convenient, speed of information dissemination is fully accelerated, scope of dissemination is wider and people's access to information is more diversified. Therefore, the current media has become an indispensable part of humanâ€™s lives such as changing the way human live, work, learn and communicate daily. In this context, it is compulsory to improve the traditional teaching methods in order to keep in pace with the fast development and promote art education through the combination of technology and art. This paper analyses the current situation of digital media art teaching and the construction path of teaching model in the new media era.

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Reinvestigation of Dragon Field Philosophical Enlightenment of Wang Yangming
Authors: Sun Chang
Published: May 2020

Initially, the history fact of Master Wang Yangming sought for philosophy englightenment in Dragon Field when he lived in Guiyang of Guizhou Province was clear. However, it is now mounted with controversy following numerous interpretations and revisions by scholars over a very long time. We hope to re-investigate this history event, to accurately and clearly represent historical fact for better understanding of Wang Yangming and his developed philosopy of Yao Jiang.
Safety Education for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Beijing Fuxue Primary School
Authors: Yao Feng
Published: May 2020

From the analysis of social needs, social situation and school circumstances, the necessity of earthquake disaster reduction is shown, and try to establish the overall framework of earthquake disaster prevention education in primary schools according to the overall goal of earthquake disaster prevention education. The roles of earthquake disaster reduction education is also discussed.
Sustainable Development Education- practice research for Respect Education -Beijing Chaoyang District Baijiazhuang Primary School as example
Authors: Zu Xueyuan , Wei Huali , Li Ying
Published: May 2020

Further to eighteen years’ practice of Education for Sustainable Development, the school has defined and perfected the concept of ‘Respect’ education, using this concept as a pathway to educating students, as expressed in the National Education policy. This educational concept is encompassed in the school’s curriculum and classroom culture with ‘Respect’ education becoming a distinctive brand. With effective leadership at high level, delivering this high-quality teaching and balanced development of education to the school’s 13 campuses.
Analytical Effect of Insurgency on Cowpea (Vigna Spp) Production in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Usman Adamu , Garba Bawa Ali
Published: May 2020

This study analyzed the effect of insurgency on cowpea production in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria. This study is quantitative research where 120 cowpea farmers were randomly interviewed using structured response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 35% of the respondents fell within the age bracket of 28-33 years; males constituted 55% and 42% had primary education. The findings further reveaed that 77.50% perceived the effect of insurgency on their livelihood. Majority up to 70.80% of the respondents perceived increase in poverty and job loses respectively. Almost 52.5% of the respondents were affected by the conflicts, then children 21.7%, women 13.3% and adult men 8.3%. 32.50% of the respondents lost their houses, 29.20% lost their livestock, and 16.70% and 13.30% lost their crops and sustained body injuries respectively. Majority up to 67.50% of the respondents suggested that all the methods, 16.70% suggested military action, 6.70% negotiation, 5.0% and 4.20% of the respondents suggested state of emergency and amnesty respectively. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that 74% variation in output was accounted by the independent variables in the model. However, educational level, sex and income were significant at p< 0.001, while household size, farm size and distance from farm to homestead were significant at p< 0.05. Chi-square analysis revealed that the variables included in the model such as sex, educational level, age, income and distance from farmlands to homestead were significant at p< 0.05, with the exception of farm size, marital status and farming experience. The study concluded that insurgency exists in the study area and the effects include loss of lives, crops, and destruction of infrastructures, such as schools, telecommunication mast, mosques, churches, markets and houses. The study recommended that education and employment opportunities be provided to the youths in the study area.
Impact of Climate Change on the Number of Threatened Species: International Evidence
Authors: Shah Habibullah Muzafar , Haji Din Badariah , Tan Siow-Hooi
Published: May 2020

Global warming is the price for economic development. Rapid industrialization produces greenhouse gases that trap the heat and make the earth warmer. The rise in temperature and changes in precipitation resulted in extreme weather conditions. Global climate change affects both physical and biological environments and the impacts on biodiversity is directly and indirectly. The direct effects of climate change includes the increased in temperature and precipitation that affect individual organisms, populations, species distribution and ecosystem compositions and functions. The indirect effects of climate change are through increased salinity and extreme weather events such as floods, cyclones and droughts that will have a profound negative impacts on the forest and biodiversity. The present study investigates the impact of climate change on the number of threatened species as proxy for biodiversity loss using a cross-national data consisting of 98 countries. We have estimated the impact of temperature, precipitation and the number of natural disasters occurrences on the number of threatened species, in particular birds, fishes, mammals, plants and reptiles. As control variables, we have considered government effectiveness (proxy for good governance) and the level of economic development (proxy for wealth). By employing Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with robust standard error and quantile regressions analyses, our results suggest that all three climate change indicators – temperature, precipitation and the number of natural disasters occurrences increase the number of threatened species (biodiversity loss). Higher economic development also affect the number of threatened species positively. On the other hand, good governance such as government effectiveness reduces the number of threatened species. Thus, practicing good governance, promoting conservation of the environment and the control of greenhouse gasses would able to mitigate biodiversity loss.
CRIMINALLY-LEGAL CHARACTERISTIC BRIBERY AND COMERCIAL BRIBERY
Authors: Babaev Rafael' , Babaev Emin
Published: May 2020

The article is based on legislative acts and literary sources on the problems of corruption activity and provides a criminal-legal characteristic and social-legal assessment of bribery and commercial bribery. The author points out the shortcomings of the criminal law norms regulating bribery and commercial bribery under the current criminal code of the Russian Federation. The author’s definition of the concept criminal-legal characteristics of receiving a bribe and commercial bribery is given.
STUDIES OF THE AVIFAUNA IN URBAN LIMITS OF AJMER, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: Upadhyay Mriganka , Vyas Reena , Sharma Vivek , Mehra Satya Prakash
Published: May 2020

The urban sprawls are common in the present age. The urban biodiversity conservation is a challenge for the urban planners. The habitats formed within the green and blue spaces are home for the wide variety of floral and faunal diversity.  In the series of the conservation actions, the present investigation was undertaken in the urban areas of the central Rajasthan, i.e., Ajmer. It aimed to review and prepare comprehensive database through assessment of the avifaunal species of the municipal area of Ajmer. The seasonal surveys and periodic sampling observations were recorded for twenty-four months from February 2017 to January 2019. The urban area was classified into three regions namely, the Urban Green Patches (UGP), Urban Aquatic Area (UAA) and Human Settlement Area (HSA). The UGA & HSA harbored 104 species and 41 species respectively whereas the UAA harbored 95 species. The Relative Diversity Index of the various species was calculated. The present investigation recorded 167 species from 58 families. With the earlier studies with a reporting of 235 species from 62 families, there was addition of 13 new species and two families. Thus, the cumulative list of Ajmer District presented an account of 243 bird species from 64 families.
SAVUNMA SEKTÖRÜNDE DEĞER ZİNCİRİ ANALİZİ ALGISI VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ALTAY Melih
Published: May 2020

Stratejik yönetim kapsamında işletmelerin değer yaratabilmesi için “farklılaşma” ya da “maliyet liderliği” yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla geliştirilen Değer zinciri analizi ile rekabet üstünlüğü sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Organizasyonlar için yol gösterici özellik gösteren bu analizle ilgili olarak, savunma sektöründe çalışanların değer zinciri analizi algıları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu maksatla; nicel araştırma yöntemi ile uzman kişilerden anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler sonucunda bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yöneticilerin değer zinciri analizini oluşturan temel ve destek faaliyetlerini önceliklendirmeleri istenmiş ve bu faktörlerin ağırlıkları Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi (AHY) ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma ile yazında yapılan uygulamalara farklı bir boyut kazandırılmaya çalışılmış olup, elde edilen bulgular ile yöneticilere önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
A Importância de serviços de alimentos e bebidas em locais de coworking
Authors: Lemos de Matos Guilleme , Kyoko Wada Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os espaços de coworking que oferecem serviços de alimentos e bebidas, na cidade de São Paulo, procurando entender como a oferta desses serviços de alimentação podem agregar mais valor à empresa. Os coworkings têm um formato de trabalho onde seus usuários compartilham da mesma sala com objetivos profissionais, sendo considerado um novo modelo de organização de trabalho. Por afetar no estilo de vida das pessoas, alguns coworkings enxergaram uma oportunidade de negócio oferecer outros serviços dentro destes espaços, como, alimentação e bebidas para promover e aumentar a atratividade do seu ambiente. O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa qualitativa com intuito de estudar o impacto que a oferta de serviços de alimentos e bebidas podem ter na geração de receita de coworkings quando ofertam este serviço. Optou-se por aplicar o método de estudos de casos múltiplos a fim de entender essas novas organizações de trabalho que está se formando nas cidades, onde três empresas que oferecem estes serviços foram escolhidas para as entrevistas com os seus respectivos gerentes. Analisando as repostas dos entrevistados a pesquisa concluiu que a oferta desses serviços torna os coworkings mais atrativos para os seus consumidores e potenciais usuários.
Turismo religioso como fonte de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Lorrana Laila Silva de Almeida  , Enoque Alessandro Gomes , Antonio de Oliveira Júnior
Published: May 2020

O Turismo compreende um setor de atividade que movimenta de forma significativa a cultura e a economia de determinado país, emergindo em transformações que colaboram para o desenvolvimento local. Nessa conjuntura, surge o turismo religioso, como fonte geradora de empregabilidade, movimentando vários setores da economia, como o hoteleiro e o alimentício, além de estimular o consumo de artigos religiosos e artesanais. Assim posto, este ensaio teórico objetiva incitar uma reflexão acerca da relação existente entre o turismo religioso e suas implicações no espaço urbano, demonstrando a importância desse setor de atividade para a cultura e a economia do país, além de evidenciar as transformações produzidas na dinâmica local das cidades em que ele é praticado, contribuindo na exploração da temática para o campo do turismo e áreas afins. Como resultados, fica evidente a influência do turismo religioso no desenvolvimento das cidades, impactando na conjuntura local, ao passo que amplia as possibilidades de novos mercados e criação de novos empregos, movimentando de forma significativa a economia e contribuindo na produção do espaço urbano.
Translating clinical experience into action: Developing an educational protocol to improve intimate partner violence screening by Emergency Department nurses
Authors: Herzog Thea , Maina Geoffrey , Maposa Sithokozile
Published: May 2020

This article provides the reader with a thoughtful example of an emergency nurse-led intervention to improve emergency department patient screening for domestic violence. Background information is provided along with the development of educational tools. Example ID badge cards and posters are also provided. Finally, helpful takeaways fare provided to aid in the implementation of similar projects in other emergency departments.
Spring 2020 artwork - artist bio and headshot
Authors: Ristau David
Published: May 2020

Spring 2020 artwork - artist bio and headshot
Stories Re-Told
Authors: Borynec Anna
Published: May 2020

This paper introduces three umbrella terms (Literal Adaptation, Spirit Adaptation, and Creative Adaptation) that define the broad approaches to creating an adaptation through the consideration of the literature of six different fields and their approaches to the study of adaptation. They are as follows: the study of Classical Mythology (a sub-set of Classics), Cultural Studies, Adaptation Theory (from Film Studies), Fan Fiction Studies (from Fan Studies), Folklore Studies, and Translation Studies. While Library and Information Studies (LIS) does occasionally deal with adaptation, often in the form of Children's Literature and/or Fairy Tales, there is no widely-accepted theory or method to doing so. Therefore it is absent from the six disciplines that were reviewed, though it has substantial cross-over with each. As scholarship becomes more interdisciplinary, juggling the terms of a variety of fields becomes more important and more challenging. This paper aims to provide three accessible terms for those interested in studying adaptions from a broad or cross-disciplinary perspective that can substitute for the lengthy and specialized vocabulary of each individual discipline. It may also provide an example for others looking to similarly synthesize a set of cross-disciplinary vocabularies.
When knowledge goes underground
Authors: Edwards Ashley
Published: May 2020

The passing of the Indian Act in 1876 imposed cultural information poverty within Indigenous communities. Through this piece of Canadian legislation, Indigenous communities were forced to send their children to Residential Schools, and all cultural practices such as the potlatch and Sun Dance were banned. These policies disrupted education practices, and the passing down of information, creating a disconnect between younger generations and their communities. However the Indian Act’s goal of assimilation failed with some of these traditions going underground, being practiced in secret. Through strength and resilience communities today are experiencing a cultural revitalization, and what one Indigenous author calls a renaissance. The paper concludes by sharing ideas on how academic libraries can better engage with their local Indigenous communities.
Words That Start With E: Why Librarians Should Fight Climate Change and Climate Change Denial
Authors: McDevitt Jennifer
Published: May 2020

Ecology, economy, equity. Exemplars, educators, enablers. Librarianship centres around the values ofcommunity-building, access to information, and advocating for the public good, and so librarians arepoised to be leaders when it comes to environmentally-friendly and sustainable practices and policies.Our commitment to intellectual freedom demands that we ensure facts about climate change reach thepublic, while social responsibility asks that we consider the harm that can be done by the spread ofdisinformation like climate change denial—the kind of harm that has led to the devastating, irreversiblecircumstances we’re in today. To ensure there will continue to be a community for libraries to serve,librarians must allow sustainability to underpin all their choices, especially with regard to educating thepublic, devaluing disinformation, and advocating for concrete collective action.
La insistencia de los cuerpos: el signo mujer proletaria en la narrativa de Nicomedes Guzmán
Authors: Cristi C Ana Marí­a
Published: May 2020

El presente artí­culo tiene como objetivo analizar las variantes estéticas y polí­ticas que confluyen en el signo mujer proletaria en la narrativa del escritor chileno Nicomedes Guzmán (1914-1964). La propuesta de lectura aquí­ desarrollada posiciona a los personajes femeninos proletarios de Guzmán como nuevos agentes revolucionarios que, mediante el cuerpo y la maternidad, logran tensionar o hacer huir las jerarquí­as polí­ticas, sociales y culturales tradicionalmente concebidas en torno a la mujer.
Identifying the source of the problem by using implemented the FAHP method in the selected quality management techniques
Authors: Siwiec Dominika , Pacana Andrzej
Published: May 2020

Making a complex analysis of the problem in order to identify the root of its occurrence, is the process burdened with the risk of uncertainty. This risk is in case of the quality analysis, in which the choice and making a decision is not confirmed by reliable information (number). This risk is in case of the quality analysis, in which the choice and making a decision is not confirmed by reliable information (number). But these techniques do not include the risk of uncertainty, so their sequence should be expanded about the appropriate method, to take this into account. It was considered beneficial to demonstrate that this method is the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method (FAHP). The aim of the study to implement the FAHP method in the sequence of traditional quality management techniques (Ishikawa diagram and 5Why method) and proposition new, not practiced yet the method to complex analysis of the problem and identify the root of its root cause. The subject of the study was the furniture front, on which the incompatibility was identified (shortened foil). From the categories to which the potential causes of the inadequate foil were assigned, by using the Ishikawa diagram and the FAHP method in an integrated manner, were defined the most important categories (method and machine) in a precise (numerical) way. Next, using the same tools, the relationship between the potential causes was analysed and selected the main causes of the problem. Then, by using the 5Why method the root of the problem was defined (lack of the new machine and failure to comply with labor standards). The obtained results could differ depending on the subjectivity, however, the method itself proved to be effective and can be used to solve other types of the problem.
The use of Lean Six-Sigma tools in the improvement of a manufacturing company – case study
Authors: Tran Tuan-Anh , Luu-Nhan Khai , Ghabour Rajab , Daroczi Miklos
Published: May 2020

Handicraft production is usually chaotic and difficult to monitor, since its products and manufacturing processes are complex. As all the manufacturing steps rely on varied skill levels of the workers, the situation is even more stochastic. There are several common problems, such as inappropriate production method, line unbalance, excessive stock, lack of production planning and control phases, etc. They stem from the lack of suitable operation model, redundant workforce usage, and insufficient internal training activities, which lead to the waste of human resources. In this paper, a roadmap to improve the operational efficiency of handicraft manufacturing is suggested, using Lean-Six Sigma methodology and tools. A case study is conducted in a Vietnamese firm to show the validity of the approach.
Prevalence of DSM-IV Major Psychiatric Disorders among North Korean Defectors in South Korea
Authors: Lee Kyoung Eun , Moon Carolyn Seungyoun , An Ji Hyun , Lee Hyo Chul , Kim Da Eun , Park Subin , Lee Minji , Chang Hye In , Hong Jin Pyo
Published: May 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among North Korean defectors (NKD) settled in South Korea.Methods The study population consisted of 294 North Korean defectors, aged 18 to 64 years settled in South Korea for 3 years or less. Between June 1, 2016 and October 31, 2016, face-to-face interviews were conducted using the North Korean version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (NK-CIDI) to diagnose DSM-IV psychiatric disorders.Results The lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was 62.2% in NKD and 25.0% in the general Korean population. The prevalence of specific disorders in NKD and general Korean population was as follows: 22.3% and 4.9% for major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2% and 1.4% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18.0% and 4.8% for nicotine dependence, and 14.5% and 11.2% for alcohol abuse. The incidence of every single psychiatric disorder varied in each country. For instance, the generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and alcohol use disorder occurred more frequently in North Korea whereas PTSD was more prevalent in other countries.Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among NKD was quite higher than in the general population of South Korea.
Detection of Malingering Using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV for Psychiatric Patients
Authors: On An Kook , Hwang Kyu-Sic , Jang Seung-Ho , Lee Hye-Jin , Soh Min-Jung , Yang Chan-Mo , Lee Sang-Yeol
Published: May 2020

Objective Psychiatric patients sometimes show poor performance or exaggerated symptoms as malingering for secondary gain. The aim of this study was to introduce cut-off scores for detecting poor performance using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in psychiatric patients.Methods Participants were 261 in- and out-patients who visited psychiatry department. They were classified into 4 group- 1) military service, 2) traumatic brain injury (TBI), 3) psychosis, 4) neurosis. A Digit Span subtest (called as Reliable Digit Span, RDS) of WAIS was used to detect malingering. This study considered a score of 10% base rate as RDS cut-off score.Results The RDS cut-off score was shown at 7 pts for military service group, at 3 pts for TBI group, at 6 pts for psychosis group, and at 6 pts for neurosis group.Conclusion This study first introduced RDS cut-off scores for malingering psychiatric patients in South Korea. In clinical practice, clinicians may be able to utilize the RDS cut-off scores for malingering-suspected patients. In particular, for patients with military service issues, 7 or less pts of RDS can be used for detecting and inferring their malingering.
Cave Settlement Potential of Caves and Rock Shelters in Aceh Besar Regency
Authors: Setiawan Taufiqurrahman
Published: May 2020

The evidence of prehistoric life in Aceh has been proven by the results of archeological research conducted by the North Sumatra Archaeological Institute. Until now, the research only focuses on the eastern coast and the central mountains of Aceh. The western coast of Aceh, which also has the potential to provide information, has never been studied. The western coast of Aceh is an area that has a wide karst landscape with many caves that might be used as a settlement in the past. One method used to predict such caves included a topographic map, a geological map, and a digital elevation model (DEM). The inventory results of caves on the western coast of Aceh were also used as preliminary data to obtain the distribution of caves and rock shelters. In this study, the area surveyed was Aceh Besar Regency. Three parameters of inhabited caves, i.e. morphology and genesis, environment, and archaeological content, were used to describe the potential of each cave. Of eleven caves and rock shelters, three caves are qualified as the past settlement and potential for further research, four caves are qualified as the past settlement but not potential for further research, and four caves are neither qualified as a settlement nor potential for further research.
Особенности создания лиофилизированных противоопухолевых препаратов (обзор)
Authors: Оборотова Н. , Николаева Л. , Король Л. , Орлова О. , Шпрах З. , Ланцова А. , Дмитриева М. , Полозкова А. , Санарова Е.
Published: May 2020

В процессе создания противоопухолевого препарата важное место занимает обоснование оптимальной лекарственной формы (ЛФ), отобранной в экспериментальных исследованиях активной фармацевтической субстанции (АФС). На примере лекарственных препаратов, разработанных в НИИ ЭДиТО ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, показано влияние фармацевтических факторов на получение рациональной ЛФ, позволяющей реализовать возможности противоопухолевой субстанции. В процессе фармацевтической разработки определен рациональный путь введения АФС, выбрана оптимальная композиция ЛФ, изучено взаимодействие инъекционной ЛФ с кровью и тканями в месте введения препарата, выявлена эффективность моделей ЛФ и зависимость противоопухолевого эффекта от состава вспомогательных веществ, введенных в ЛФ. Изучена устойчивость полученных композиций ЛФ во время производства и в последующем хранении. Разработана рациональная технология получения качественных инъекционных ЛФ противоопухолевых АФС сублимационным высушиванием.
The Curious Case of the Missing Tail: Trends Among the Top 1% of School Districts in the United States, 2000–2015
Authors: Kelly Matthew Gardner
Published: May 2020

This article investigates trends in the relative wealth of the richest school districts in the United States between 2000 and 2015. For the purposes of discussion, I focus on the top 1% of districts. I argue that trends in school funding for the richest districts deserve greater attention from education researchers. Districts in the top 1% of the cost-adjusted, national school funding distribution are disproportionately suburban, affluent, and White. The relative wealth of these districts increased sharply (31.59%) between 2000 and 2015. Disaggregating these trends reveals large variation between states. Nevertheless, resource concentration in the top percentile of school districts increased in a large majority of states. These findings cannot be explained by efforts to provide additional educational resources to students with the greatest needs, and they suggest the ways in which the concentration of affluence accompanying growing economic inequality may be changing school funding.
“Houston, We Have a Lawsuit”: A Cautionary Tale for the Implementation of Value-Added Models for High-Stakes Employment Decisions
Authors: Paige Mark A. , Amrein-Beardsley Audrey
Published: May 2020

Until recently, legal challenges to the use of value-added models (VAMs) in evaluation and teacher employment decisions in federal court had been unsuccessful. However, in May 2017 a federal court in Texas ruled that plaintiff-teachers established a viable federal constitutional claim to challenge the use of VAMs as a means for their termination in Houston Federation of Teachers v. Houston Independent School District. Houston represents a significant departure from prior federal court rulings that upheld the constitutionality of VAMs to terminate teachers on the basis of poor performance. The Houston court found that the districts’ refusals to release the underlying data of VAM ratings used to terminate those teachers violated the teachers’ procedural due process rights. By denying access to the code, teachers could not protect against the government’s making a mistaken deprivation of their property right to continued right to employment. The authors discuss Houston and its potential impact, limitations, and significance.
What Do We Know About “Race Unknown”?
Authors: Ford Karly , Rosinger Kelly , Zhu Qiong
Published: May 2020

One ethnoracial reporting category perplexes higher education researchers: “race and ethnicity unknown.” Using the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), we constructed a 28-year panel of 4,401 institutions. We find that the for-profit sector ranges from 5% to 18% “race unknown” students. In addition, almost 10% of students attending the most selective institutions were reported as “race unknown” in 2009 before dropping off precipitously. The size of the “race unknown” category can be attributed to some combination of student responses and data collection practices. We suggest researchers refrain from dropping “race unknown” from their studies as doing so may bias findings for the other ethnoracial categories, especially when comparing rates of student enrollment across institutional types.
Completion at the Expense of Access? The Relationship Between Performance-Funding Policies and Access to Public 4-Year Universities
Authors: Gándara Denisa , Rutherford Amanda
Published: May 2020

Efforts to improve college-completion rates have dominated higher education policy agendas. Performance-based funding (PBF) intends to improve college completion and links state funding for public colleges and universities to performance measures. One critique of PBF policies is that institutions might restrict student access. This study uses a difference-in-differences design and institution-level data from 2001 to 2014 to examine whether 4-year, public institutions become more selective or enroll fewer underrepresented students under PBF. Our findings, supported by various robustness checks, suggest that institutions subject to PBF enroll students with higher standardized test scores and enroll fewer first-generation students. PBF models tied to institutions’ base funding are more strongly associated with increased standardized test scores and enrollment of Pell students.
The free will illusion and the conscious experience within a fatalistic first-order computation (Tao)
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: May 2020

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. First-order change is the change of the state which is governed by the physical laws. Second-order change is the change of the state which breaks the physical laws, so it is impossible in real world. The first-order change is computed out (first-order computation) based on the physical laws. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation.
INVESTIGATION OF TILT-ANGLED DELIVERY VALVE IN HYDRAULIC RAM – EXPERIMENT RESULTS
Authors: Suarda M. , Kusuma I. G. B. W. , Sucipta M. , Ghurri A.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the experiment results of the cycle work and overall performance of a new design of delivery valve in hydraulic ram. A hydraulic ram comprises of two non-return valves. They are well known as waste and delivery valves. Both mechanism propagate water hammer in cycle work of the hydraulic ram. In early designs, the water flow phenomenon occurring in the hydraulic ram operating process must be fully recognized for further analysis. Therefore, a transparent acrylic material of a hydraulic ram model was utilized to simulate the flow pattern within the hydraulic ram. In this study, the water flow phenomenon was visualized experimentally using dyes injection method. Then, videos and pictures recorded using slow motion video camera for investigating the hydraulic ram working cycle. The transparent hydraulic ram model was the first time introduced. The results show that the delivery valve with tilt-angled of 60 was the best design to produce the optimal performance of the pump system. The most stagnation point of the flow directed through the delivery valve orifice. The total efficiency of the hydraulic ram theoretically improved up to 24% by using the new model instead of the old one.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE TENSILE AND WATER ABSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF JUTE/CARBON REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITE
Authors: Abu Shaid Sujon  , Mehfuz Nagib , Habib Mohammad Ahsan
Published: May 2020

Now a days traditional metallic and alloy material are replaced with the fiber based composite material in numerous engineering application. The effect of stacking sequence on tensile and flexural properties of epoxy-based carbon and jute fiber composites has been investigated experimentally and numerically in this paper. Six layers of woven unidirectional jute fiber and four-layer of carbon fiber has been fabricated by vacuum assisted resin infusion process with five different stacking sequences. The tensile and water absorption behaviors of the prepared composite samples were experimentally studied as per the standard of ASTM. The obtained results from the experiments revealed that the stacking sequence of the fiber has a great effect on the tensile and water absorption properties of the composite. To validate the experimental result of the tensile test, the exact 3 D model of the composite laminates were imported to a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software with the exact experimental condition. The predicted FEA results were compared with the experimental results and a good similarity between them has been observed.
The effect of metacognitive training on confidence and strategic reminder setting
Authors: Engeler Nicole , Gilbert Sam
Published: May 2020

Individuals often choose between remembering information using their own memory ability versus using external resources to reduce cognitive demand (i.e. ‘cognitive offloading’). For example, to remember a future appointment an individual could choose to set a smartphone reminder or depend on their unaided memory ability. Previous studies investigating strategic reminder setting found that participants set more reminders than would be optimal, and this bias towards reminder-setting was predicted by metacognitive underconfidence in unaided memory ability. Due to the link between underconfidence in memory ability and excessive reminder setting, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether metacognitive training is an effective intervention to a) improve metacognitive judgment accuracy, and b) reduce bias in strategic offloading behaviour. Participants either received metacognitive training which involved making performance predictions and receiving feedback on judgment accuracy, or were part of a control group. As predicted, metacognitive training increased judgment accuracy: participants in the control group were significantly underconfident in their memory ability, whereas the experimental group showed no significant metacognitive bias. However, contrary to predictions, both experimental and control groups were significantly biased toward reminder-setting, and did not differ significantly. Therefore, reducing metacognitive bias was not sufficient to eliminate the bias towards reminders. We suggest that the reminder bias likely results in part from erroneous metacognitive evaluations, but that other factors such as a preference to avoid cognitive effort may also be relevant. Finding interventions to mitigate these factors could improve the adaptive use of external resources.
Altered states phenomena induced by visual flicker light stimulation
Authors: Bartossek Marie Therese , Kemmerer Johanna , Schmidt Timo Torsten
Published: May 2020

Flicker light stimulation can induce short-term alterations in consciousness including hallucinatory color perception and geometric patterns. In the study at hand, the subjective experiences during 3 Hz and 10 Hz stroboscopic light stimulation of the closed eyes were assessed. In a within-subjects design (N = 24), we applied the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (mood state), time perception ratings, the Altered State of Consciousness Rating Scale, and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. Furthermore, we tested for effects of personality traits (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-2 and Tellegen Absorption Scale) on subjective experiences. Such systematic quantification improves replicability, facilitates comparisons between pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques to induce altered states of consciousness, and is the prerequisite to study their underlying neuronal mechanisms. The resulting data showed that flicker light stimulation-induced states were characterized by vivid visual hallucinations of simple types, with effects strongest in the 10 Hz condition. Additionally, participants’ personality trait of Absorption scores highly correlated with the experienced alterations in consciousness. Our data demonstrate that flicker light stimulation is capable of inducing visual effects with an intensity rated to be similar in strength to effects induced by psychedelic substances and thereby support the investigation of potentially shared underlying neuronal mechanisms.
Compliance and Self-Reporting during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study of Trust and Self-Conscious Emotions in the United States, Italy and South Korea
Authors: Travaglino Giovanni A. , Moon Chanki
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis. Many governments around the world have responded by implementing lockdown measures of various degrees of intensity. To be effective, these measures must rely on citizens' cooperation. In the present study, we drew samples from the United States (N = 597), Italy (N = 606) and South Korea (N = 693) and examined predictors of compliance with social distancing and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. Data were collected between April 6th and 8th 2020. We investigated the role of cultural orientations of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt related to the infection and trust in the government's action. Across all countries, vertical collectivism predicted stronger shame, whereas horizontal collectivism predicted stronger trust in the government. Only in the United States, vertical collectivism was associated with stronger trust. Stronger feelings of shame predicted lower compliance and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. In contrast, guilt was associated with stronger intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Finally, trust was associated with stronger compliance and intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Unlike Italy and South Korea, the association between trust on compliance was not statistically significant in the United States, Implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.
Psychological Well-Being Under Conditions of Lockdown: An Experience Sampling Study in Austria During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stieger Stefan , Lewetz David , Swami Viren
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and attendant lockdown measures present serious threats to psychological well-being worldwide. Here, we examined the extent to which being outdoors (versus indoors), the experience of loneliness, and screen-time are associated with psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic using an experiencing sampling method. In April 2020, Austrian adults (N = 286, age M = 31.0 years) completed a 21-day experience sampling phase in which they reported their psychological well-being, whether they were indoors or outdoors, and loneliness at three random time-points each day, as well as their daily screen-time. Results indicated that being outdoors was associated with higher psychological well-being, whereas greater loneliness and greater daily screen-time were associated with poorer well-being. Additionally, the impact of loneliness on well-being was weaker when participants were outdoors than indoors. Temporal changes in well-being, loneliness, and screen-time across the 21 days were small. These results have health policy implications for the promotion of population well-being during pandemics.
Structural Validity and the Classification of Mental Disorders
Authors: Krueger Robert , Eaton Nicholas R
Published: May 2020

An overview of the concept of structural validity and an application of this principle to empirical psychopathology classification.