bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis in remission
Authors: Mavroudis Georgios , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena , Strid Hans
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) contributes to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although disease activity is the most important factor, reduced HRQoL has been reported even in quiescent UC. We aimed to determine HRQoL, and identify predictors thereof, in patients with long-standing UC in remission.

Methods:

In total, 66 patients with inactive UC were included 10 years after the disease onset. Clinical assessment including rigid sigmoidoscopy was performed to ensure remission. Data on demographic, clinical, treatment-related, and psychological determinants of HRQoL were obtained with a structured interview and self-assessment questionnaires measuring gastrointestinal (GI) and psychological symptoms and fatigue. HRQoL was measured with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Results:

The SF-36 domains were comparable to the general Swedish population, except for Vitality, where UC patients scored lower. Gender, smoking, comorbidity, or disease phenotype had no impact on HRQoL. In contrast, corticosteroid use and sick leave during the previous year were independently associated with Physical Functioning and Bodily Pain domains of SF-36; persisting GI symptoms during remission with Bodily Pain; and fatigue with Role Physical, General Health and Vitality. For all other SF-36 domains reflecting mental HRQoL (Social Function, Role Emotional, Mental Health), only psychological distress contributed uniquely.

Conclusions:

Although overall HRQoL in long-standing UC in remission is comparable to the general population, previous disease activity as well as persisting GI symptoms, fatigue, and psychological distress are associated with a lower HRQoL among these patients. Improved HRQoL may allow for better UC patient health and reduced costs for health care.
Monitoring tumor growth rate to predict immune checkpoint inhibitors’ treatment outcome in advanced NSCLC
Authors: Dall’Olio Filippo G. , Parisi Claudia , Marcolin Laura , Brocchi Stefano , Caramella Caroline , Conci Nicole , Carpani Giulia , Gelsomino Francesco , Ardizzoni Stefano , Marchese Paola Valeria , Paccapelo Alexandro , Grilli Giada , Golfieri Rita , Besse Benjamin , Ardizzoni Andrea
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Radiological response assessment to immune checkpoint inhibitor is challenging due to atypical pattern of response and commonly used RECIST 1.1 criteria do not take into account the kinetics of tumor behavior. Our study aimed at evaluating the tumor growth rate (TGR) in addition to RECIST 1.1 criteria to assess the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods:

Tumor real volume was calculated with a dedicated computed tomography (CT) software that semi-automatically assess tumor volume. Target lesions were identified according to RECIST 1.1. For each patient, we had 3 measurement of tumor volume. CT-1 was performed 8–12 weeks before ICI start, the CT at baseline for ICI was CT0, while CT + 1 was the first assessment after ICI. We calculated the percentage increase in tumor volume before (TGR1) and after immunotherapy (TGR2). Finally, we compared TGR1 and TGR2. If no progressive disease (PD), the group was disease control (DC). If PD but TGR2 < TGR1, it was called LvPD and if TGR2 ⩾ TGR1, HvPD.

Results:

A total of 61 patients who received ICIs and 33 treated with chemotherapy (ChT) were included. In ICI group, 18 patients were HvPD, 22 LvPD, 21 DC. Median OS was 4.4 months (95% CI: 2.0–6.8, reference) for HvPD, 7.1 months (95% CI 5.4–8.8) for LvPD, p = 0.018, and 20.9 months (95% CI: 12.5–29.3) for DC, p < 0.001. In ChT group, 7 were categorized as HvPD, 17 as LvPD and 9 as DC. No difference in OS was observed in the ChT group (p = 0.786)

Conclusion:

In the presence of PD, a decrease in TGR may result in a clinical benefit in patients treated with ICI but not with chemotherapy. Monitoring TGR changes after ICIs administration can help physician in deciding to treat beyond PD.
Minimally Invasive Repair of Subacute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Black Natalie R. , Chen Jie , Schweitzer Karl M.
Published: February 2022

Minimally invasive repair techniques are typically reserved for the surgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures, with surgery performed within 2 weeks of injury. We present 2 successful cases of percutaneous Achilles tendon repair performed in the subacute setting. At final follow-up (15 and 18 months, respectively), both patients had American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot scale scores of 100 and had returned to their normal and recreational activities. Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair techniques may have expanded use in the subacute setting, which may mitigate wound issues and infection rates associated with more open approaches, while still providing a quality repair to allow for the most optimal functional outcome.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV: Case report
Location of Hamstring Injuries Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review
Authors: Grange Sylvain , Reurink Gustaaf , Nguyen Anh Quoc , Riviera-Navarro Camille , Foschia Clément , Croisille Pierre , Edouard Pascal
Published: February 2022

Context:

Hamstring muscle injury location using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not so well described in the literature.

Objective:

To describe the location of hamstring injuries using MRI.

Data Sources:

PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library.

Study Selection:

The full text of studies, in English, had to be available. Case reports and reviews were excluded. Included studies must report the location of hamstring injuries using MRI within 8 days of the acute injury.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, the full text of the remaining articles was evaluated for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria.

Results:

From the 2788 references initially found in 5 databases, we included 34 studies, reporting a total of 2761 acute hamstring injuries. The most frequent muscle head involved was the long head of the biceps femoris (BFLH) (70%), followed by the semitendinosus (ST) (15%), generally associated with BFLH. The most frequent tissue affected was the myotendinous junction (MTJ) accounting for half the cases (52%). Among all lesions, the distribution between proximal, central, and distal lesions looked homogenous, with 34.0%, 33.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The stretching mechanism, while only reported in 2 articles, represented 3% of all reported mechanisms, appears responsible for a specific lesion involving the proximal tendon of the semimembranosus (SM), and leading to a longer time out from sport.

Conclusion:

BFLH was the most often affected hamstring injuries and MTJ was the most affected tissue. In addition, the distal, central, and proximal locations were homogeneously distributed. We also noted that MRI descriptions of hamstring injuries are often poor and did not take full advantage of the MRI strengths.

Systematic Review Registration:

Before study initiation, the study was registered in the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42018107580).
Atypical Imaging Findings in “Central Nervous System Varicella Zoster Virus Vasculopathy Sine Herpete”
Authors: Kesav Praveen , John Seby , Sajjad Zafar , Al-Sharif Khalid , Hussain Syed I.
Published: February 2022

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is notorious for central nervous system involvement, the spectrum of which encompasses vasculopathic manifestations as well. Central nervous system VZV vasculopathy (CVV) most commonly manifests as ischemic strokes or TIA, even though other less common modes of presentation are also well documented in the literature. The pathophysiological mechanism is primarily attributed to active virus infection in the blood vessels secondary to decline in varicella-specific cell-mediated immunity. More than one-third of those with CVV do not have preceding skin lesions of zoster. Hence, a high index of clinical suspicion should be entertained in the appropriate clinical scenario. We hereby describe the case of a 40-year-old lady with systemic lupus erythematosus on long-term oral steroids who presented with acute ischemic stroke involving the right PCA territory, with asymptomatic chronic infarcts in the left MCA. Further evaluation revealed concentric vessel enhancement involving right PCA on high-resolution MR vessel wall imaging with the “Moya-Moya” phenomenon on the left supraclinoid ICA/MCA segment. CSF showed mononuclear pleocytosis with a hemorrhagic component, along with positive VZV DNA PCR. A diagnosis of “CNS VZV Vasculopathy sine herpete” was made and the patient was initiated on appropriate management.
Adverse Event Leads to Quality Improvement Plan: Learning From a Classroom Latex Exposure
Authors: Posanka Briana
Published: February 2022

A growing number of students with health conditions, many of which carry with them the potential for an emergency, increases the likelihood of adverse events occurring in the school setting. An adverse event can be either preventable or nonpreventable. This article reviews a preventable adverse event which took place in a second-grade classroom of a student with spina bifida. Children with spina bifida are at increased risk for the development of latex allergy and subsequent anaphylaxis. The seriousness of accumulated exposure to latex necessitated initiation of a quality improvement plan with the goal of decreasing the risk of future exposures and increasing the quality of collaboration among school staff in meeting student health needs. The article describes the adverse event and discusses the five factors that were addressed in the quality improvement plan: communication deficit, knowledge deficit, hierarchical culture, product labeling, and data collection.
Moderating effects of trait curiosity and self-efficacy in the effect of the online virtual booth on specific curiosity and behavioral intention
Authors: Beck Marie
Published: February 2022

This research contributes to our understanding of the effects of an online virtual fitting room (VFR) on specific (situational) curiosity and consumer behavioral intentions by highlighting the moderating effects of trait curiosity – the tendency to be naturally curious – and self-efficacy. The experiment shows that individuals with a high level of curiosity are more likely to buy in-store in the case of a traditional website experience versus the VFR. No difference is noted for less curious individuals. At the same time, highly inquisitive individuals who perceive themselves as having low efficacy for the task have weaker intentions to buy on the website, while those with high perceived self-efficacy have stronger intentions to do so. The results highlight the relevance of trait curiosity and the importance of defining it more precisely in marketing, along with self-efficacy.
Program Report: Can-SOLVE CKD Network Presents an Inclusive Method for Developing Patient-Oriented Research Tools
Authors: Getchell Leah E. , Fowler Elisabeth , Reich Marian , Allu Selina , Boucher Chantal , Burns Kevin , Desjarlais Arlene , L’Esperance Audrey , Elliott Meghan , Robinson-Settee Helen , Chiu Helen Hoi-Lun , Rosenblum Norman D. , Settee Craig , Murdoch Alicia , Dew Simone , Green Amanda , Franson Linnea , Bernstein Eva , Sparkes Dwight , Turner Catherine , Fernandez Nicolas , Sapir-Pichhadze Ruth
Published: February 2022

Purpose of program:

Given the growing interest in patient-oriented research (POR) initiatives, there is a need to provide relevant training and education on how to engage with patients as partners on research teams.

Sources of information:

As part of its mandate to develop appropriate training materials, the patient-oriented renal research network, Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD), established a training and Mentorship Committee (TMC).

Methods:

The committee brings together a unique combination of Indigenous and non-Indigenous patient partners (including caregivers, family members, and living donors), researchers, as well as patient engagement and knowledge translation experts, combining a multitude of perspectives and expertise. Following an assessment of training needs within the network, the TMC undertook the co-development of 5 learning modules to address the identified gaps. Subsequently, the committee divided into working groups tasked with developing content using a consultive and iterative approach informed by the DoTTI framework for building web-based tools for patients. In addition, the TMC embodied the guiding principles of inclusiveness, support, mutual respect, and co-building as set out by the Patient Engagement Framework through the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Key findings:

The 5 new modules include: A Patient Engagement Toolkit, Storytelling for Impact, Promoting Kidney Research in Canada (KidneyPRO), Wabishki Bizhiko Skaanj Learning Pathway, and Knowledge Translation. The TMC’s approach to developing these modules demonstrates how a diverse group of stakeholders working together can create tools to support high-quality POR. This also provides a roadmap for other health research entities interested in developing similar tools within their unique domains.

Limitations:

The landscape of patient engagement in research is constantly evolving. This underscores the need for sustained resources to keep POR tools and training relevant and up-to-date. Sustaining such resources may not be feasible for all research entities.

Implications:

Collaborative approaches integrating patients in the development of POR tools ensure the content is relevant and meaningful to patients. Broader adoption of such approaches has great potential to address existing gaps and enhance the Canadian POR landscape.
Effect of Overweight and Obesity on Periodontal Treatment Intensity
Authors: Kaye E. , McDonough R. , Singhal A. , Garcia R.I. , Jurasic M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Obesity is associated with greater utilization of medical resources, but it is unclear if a similar relationship exists for dental care.

Objectives:

This retrospective cohort study compared periodontal disease treatment among obese, overweight, and normal-weight patients attending an urban US dental school clinic.

Methods:

Periodontal, demographic, and medical history data for 3,443 adult patients examined between July 1, 2010, and July 31, 2019, were extracted from electronic health records. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from self-reported height and weight and categorized as obese (≥30 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), or normal (18–24.9 kg/m2). Periodontal disease was categorized using clinical probing measures. Procedure codes defined treatment type (surgical, nonsurgical, local chemotherapeutics, or none). Logistic regression models controlling for initial periodontal disease severity, age, gender, tobacco use, history of diabetes, dental insurance type, and follow-up (log of days) estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of any treatment among obese and overweight relative to normal-weight patients. The association between BMI and a periodontal treatment intensity score, based on treatment type, number of teeth treated, and number of visits, was evaluated with multivariable negative binomial regression.

Results:

Mean age at baseline was 44 ± 15 y, and severe periodontal disease was present in 32% of obese, 31% of overweight, and 21% of normal-weight patients. Average follow-up was 3.9 ± 1.6 y. Obese and overweight patients were more likely to have nonsurgical scaling and root planing or surgical procedures than normal-weight patients. Adjusted odds of any treatment were higher among obese (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14–1.72) and overweight (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.97–1.42) relative to normal weight. Obese and overweight patients had 40% and 24% higher treatment intensity scores, respectively, than normal-weight patients.

Conclusion:

These results indicate obese and overweight individuals require more intensive periodontal treatment compared to normal-weight individuals, independent of initial disease severity.

Knowledge of Transfer Statement:

The results of this study can be used by dental providers and policymakers to better understand patient characteristics that influence the variability in frequency and length of periodontal treatment. Knowledge of a patient’s body mass index may be useful in identifying patients who possibly will have a poorer periodontal prognosis.
Precise Compound Control of Loading Force for Electric Load Simulator of Electric Power Steering Test Bench
Authors: Dai Changhua , Chen Guoying , Zong Changfu , Zhang Buyang
Published: February 2022

Electric load simulator (ELS) systems are employed for electric power steering (EPS) test benches to load rack force by precise control. Precise ELS control is strongly influenced by nonlinear factors. When the steering motor rapidly rotates, extra force is directly superimposed on the original static loading error, which becomes one of the main sources of the final error. It is key to achieve ELS precise loading control for the entire EPS test bench. Therefore, a three-part compound control algorithm is proposed to improve the loading accuracy. First, a fuzzy proportional–integral plus feedforward controller with force feedback is presented. Second, a friction compensation algorithm is established to reduce the influence of friction. Then, the relationships between each quantity and the extra force are analyzed when the steering motor rapidly rotates, and a net torque feedforward compensation algorithm is proposed to eliminate the extra force. The compound control algorithm was verified through simulations and experiments. The results show that the tracking performance of the compound control algorithm satisfies the demands of engineering practice, and the extra force in the ELS system can be suppressed by the net torque corresponding to the actuator’s acceleration.
Generation and Selection of Driver-Behavior-Based Transferable Motion Primitives
Authors: Guan Haijie , Wang Boyang , Wei Jiaming , Lu Yaomin , Chen Huiyan , Gong Jianwei
Published: February 2022

To integrate driver experience and heterogeneous vehicle platform characteristics in a motion-planning algorithm, based on the driver-behavior-based transferable motion primitives (MPs), a general motion-planning framework for offline generation and online selection of MPs is proposed. Optimal control theory is applied to solve the boundary value problems in the process of generating MPs, where the driver behaviors and the vehicle motion characteristics are integrated into the optimization in the form of constraints. Moreover, a layered, unequal-weighted MP selection framework is proposed that utilizes a combination of environmental constraints, nonholonomic vehicle constraints, trajectory smoothness, and collision risk as the single-step extension evaluation index. The library of MPs generated offline demonstrates that the proposed generation method realizes the effective expansion of MP types and achieves diverse generation of MPs with various velocity attributes and platform types. We also present how the MP selection algorithm utilizes a unique MP library to achieve online extension of MP sequences. The results show that the proposed motion-planning framework can not only improve the efficiency and rationality of the algorithm based on driving experience but can also transfer between heterogeneous vehicle platforms and highlight the unique motion characteristics of the platform.
Incipient Gear Fault Detection Using Adaptive Impulsive Wavelet Filter Based on Spectral Negentropy
Authors: Gao Mang , Yu Gang , Li Changning
Published: February 2022

Adaptive wavelet filtering is a very important fault feature extraction method in the domain of condition monitoring; however, owing to the time-consuming computation and difficulty of choosing criteria used to represent incipient faults, the engineering applications are limited to some extent. To detect incipient gear faults at a fast speed, a new criterion is proposed to optimize the parameters of the modified impulsive wavelet for constructing an optimal wavelet filter to detect impulsive gear faults. First, a new criterion based on spectral negentropy is proposed. Then, a novel search strategy is applied to optimize the parameters of the impulsive wavelet based on the new criterion. Finally, envelope spectral analysis is applied to determine the incipient fault characteristic frequency. Both the simulation and experimental validation demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach.
Long-term diosmectite use does not alter the gut microbiota in adults with chronic diarrhea
Authors: Da Silva Kévin , Guilly Susie , Thirion Florence , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Pons Nicolas , Roume Hugo , Quinquis Benoît , Ehrlich Stanislav D. , Bekkat Nassima , Mathiex-Fortunet Hélène , Sokol Harry , Doré Joël
Published: February 2022

Background

Diosmectite, a natural colloidal clay, has been used worldwide for a number of approved indications, including the treatment of chronic functional diarrhea. Here, we used high-resolution whole metagenome shotgun sequencing to assess the impact of a 5 weeks administration of diosmectite (3 g/sachet, 3 sachets/day) on the fecal microbiota of 35 adults with functional chronic diarrhea.

Results

Gut microbiota was not impacted by diosmectite administration. In particular, richness remained stable and no microbial species displayed a significant evolution. Segregating patients either by diosmectite response (non responder, early responder, late responder) or by nationality (Great-Britain or Netherlands) yielded the same results.

Conclusion

We concluded that no microbiota-related physiological alterations are expected upon long-term treatment with diosmectite.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03045926
The impact of the human microbiome in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and biotherapeutic development
Authors: Doocey Claire M. , Finn Karen , Murphy Craig , Guinane Caitriona M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Cancer impacts millions of lives globally each year, with approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths recorded worldwide in 2020. Mounting research has recognised the human microbiome as a key area of interest in the pathophysiology of various human diseases including cancer tumorigenesis, progression and in disease outcome. It is suggested that approximately 20% of human cancers may be linked to microbes. Certain residents of the human microbiome have been identified as potentially playing a role, including:Helicobacter pylori, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilisandPorphyromonas gingivalis.

Main body

In this review, we explore the current evidence that indicate a link between the human microbiome and cancer. Microbiome compositional changes have been well documented in cancer patients. Furthermore, pathogenic microbes harbouring specific virulence factors have been implicated in driving the carcinogenic activity of various malignancies including colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer. The associated genetic mechanisms with possible roles in cancer will be outlined. It will be indicated which microbes have a potential direct link with cancer cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and disease progression. Recent studies have also linked certain microbial cytotoxins and probiotic strains to cancer cell death, suggesting their potential to target the tumour microenvironment given that cancer cells are integral to its composition. Studies pertaining to such cytotoxic activity have suggested the benefit of microbial therapies in oncological treatment regimes. It is also apparent that bacterial pathogenic protein products encoded for by certain loci may have potential as oncogenic therapeutic targets given their possible role in tumorigenesis.

Conclusion

Research investigating the impact of the human microbiome in cancer has recently gathered pace. Vast amounts of evidence indicate the human microbiome as a potential player in tumorigenesis and progression. Promise in the development of cancer biomarkers and in targeted oncological therapies has also been demonstrated, although more studies are needed. Despite extensivein vitroandin vivoresearch, clinical studies involving large cohorts of human patients are lacking. The current literature suggests that further intensive research is necessary to validate both the role of the human microbiome in cancer, and the use of microbiome modification in cancer therapy.
Transcriptome characterization of candidate genes for heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass after exogenous methyl Jasmonate application
Authors: Nie Gang , Zhou Jie , Jiang Yiwei , He Jie , Wang Yang , Liao Zongchao , Appiah Charlotte , Li Dandan , Feng Guangyan , Huang Linkai , Wang Xia , Zhang Xinquan
Published: February 2022

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays a role in improving plant stress tolerance. The molecular mechanisms associated with heat tolerance mediated by MeJA are not fully understood in perennial grass species. The study was designed to explore transcriptomic mechanisms underlying heat tolerance by exogenous MeJA in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) using RNA-seq. Transcriptomic profiling was performed on plants under normal temperature (CK), high temperature for 12 h (H), MeJA pretreatment (T), MeJA pretreatment + H (T-H), respectively. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that H resulted in the most DEGs and T had the least, compared with CK. Among them, the DEGs related to the response to oxygen-containing compound was higher in CKvsH, while many genes related to photosynthetic system were down-regulated. The DEGs related to plastid components was higher in CKvsT. GO and KEGG analysis showed that exogenous application of MeJA enriched photosynthesis related pathways under heat stress. Exogenous MeJA significantly increased the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism, and decreased the expression of Chl degradation genes, as well as the expression of heat shock transcription factor - heat shock protein (HSF-HSP) network under heat stress. The results indicated that exogenous application of MeJA improved the heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass by mediating expression of genes in different pathways, such as Chl biosynthesis and degradation, antioxidant enzyme system, HSF-HSP network and JAs biosynthesis.
A 45-year-old man with sudden cardiac death, cutaneous abnormalities and a rare desmoplakin mutation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Santos-Ferreira Cátia , Baptista Rui , Teixeira Tiago , Gonçalves Lino
Published: February 2022

Background

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a rare, heritable myocardial disorder that is a leading cause of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people. Desmoplakin (DSP) mutations account for 3–20% of AC cases. However, the number of patients with DSP mutations is extremely small in all published reports and genotype–phenotype correlations are scant and mostly non-gene-specific.

Case presentation

A 45-year-old man was admitted after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, with documented ventricular fibrillation. He had no previous history of heart disease or family history of SCD or cardiomyopathy. The cardiac magnetic resonance showed a mildly dilated left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 30% and a non-dilated right ventricle with mildly depressed systolic function, and extensive subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement. Genetic screening identified a heterozygote nonsense mutation in DSP (NM_004415.2: c.478 C > T; p.Arg160Ter). Cascade genetic screening of the relatives revealed a high prevalence of the genotype and cutaneous phenotype, but a very low penetrance of the cardiac phenotype.

Conclusions

We report a case of SCD and an autosomal dominant mutation in DSP that causes arrhythmogenic dilated cardiomyopathy/AC. Like the recessive mutation in DSP known to cause Carvajal syndrome, Arg160Ter may be associated with cutaneous abnormalities.
Gut microbiome alterations in colitis rats after moxibustion at bilateral Tianshu acupoints
Authors: Qi Qin , Liu Ya-Nan , Lv Si-Yi , Wu Huan-Gan , Zhang Lin-Shuang , Cao Zhan , Liu Hui-Rong , Wang Xiao-Mei , Wu Lu-Yi
Published: February 2022

Background

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moxibustion has been used to improve the inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in gastrointestinal disorders such as UC. In this study, we investigated whether moxibustion could improve the gut microbial dysbiosis induced by dextran sulphate sodium.

Methods

Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups. The UC rat model was established by administering DSS solution. The rats in the moxibustion and normal rats with moxibustion groups were treated with moxibustion at Tianshu (bilateral, ST25) points, and the mesalazine group rats were treated with mesalazine once daily for 7 consecutive days. Disease activity index (DAI) and haematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the effect of moxibustion. Gut microbiota profiling was conducted by metagenomic high throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbiota composition, diversity and function were analyzed and compared using metagenomics methodologies.

Results

The DAI scores and histopathology scores in the moxibustion and mesalazine groups were significantly decreased compared with the UC group (P < 0.01). Moxibustion treatment increased abundance levels ofBacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Ascomycota,Synergistetesand decreased abundance ofFirmicutes,Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the abundance ofBacteroides,Bacteroides_bacterium_M7,Prevotella,Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2, were increased andBacteroides_bacterium_H3,Parabacteroides,Porphyromonas,Alistipes,Parasutterellawere decreased in the UC group in comparsion with those in the NG group. Moxibustion increased the abundance ofBacteroidesandBacteroides_bacterium_H3and decreasedBacteroides_bacterium_M7,Prevotella,Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2. In UC group, the specieBacteroides_massiliensiswas negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with IL-23,Bacteroides_eggerthii_CAG109andBacteroides_eggerthiiwere negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with TGF-β. And the speciesPrevotella_sp_CAG1031andBacteroides_bacterium_H2were significant positively (P < 0.05) correlated with IL-23. In addition, compare with the normal group, genes involved in certain metabolic pathways, such as energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, were under-represented in the UC group, and these changes in the metabolic pathways could be reversed by moxibustion treatment and mesalazine treatment.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that moxibustion treatment may protect the host from mucosal inflammation by modulating the intestinal microbiota community.
Prognostic value of estimated glomerular filtration rate in hospitalised older patients (over 65) with COVID-19: a multicentre, European, observational cohort study
Authors: Carter Ben , Ramsay Euan A. , Short Roxanna , Goodison Sarah , Lumsden Jane , Khan Amarah , Braude Philip , Vilches-Moraga Arturo , Quinn Terence J. , McCarthy Kathryn , Hewitt Jonathan , Myint Phyo K. ,   On Behalf of COPE Study, Bruce Eilidh , Einarsson Alice , McCrorie Kirsty , Aggrey Ken , Bilan Jimmy , Hartrop Kerr , Murphy Caitlin , McGovern Aine , Clini Enrico , Guaraldi Giovanni , Verduri Alessia , Bisset Carly , Alexander Ross , Kelly Joanna , Murphy Caroline , Mutasem Tarik El Jichi , Singh Sandeep , Paxton Dolcie , Harris Will , Moug Susan , Galbraith Norman , Bhatti Emma , Edwards Jenny , Duffy Siobhan , Espinoza Maria Fernanda Ramon , Kneen Thomas , Dafnis Anna , Allafi Hala , Vidal Maria Narro , Price Angeline , Pearce Lyndsay , Lee Thomas , Sangani Shefali , Garcia Madeline , Davey Charlotte , Jones Sheila , Lunstone Kiah , Cavenagh Alice , Silver Charlotte , Telford Thomas , Simmons Rebecca
Published: February 2022

Background

The reduced renal function has prognostic significance in COVID-19 and it has been linked to mortality in the general population. Reduced renal function is prevalent in older age and thus we set out to better understand its effect on mortality.

Methods

Patient clinical and demographic data was taken from the COVID-19 in Older People (COPE) study during two periods (February–June 2020 and October 2020–March 2021, respectively). Kidney function on admission was measured using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The primary outcomes were time to mortality and 28-day mortality. Secondary outcome was length of hospital stay. Data were analysed with multilevel Cox proportional hazards regression, and multilevel logistic regression and adjusted for individual patient clinical and demographic characteristics.

Results

One thousand eight hundred two patients (55.0% male; median [IQR] 80 [73–86] years) were included in the study. 28-day mortality was 42.3% (n = 742). 48% (n = 801) had evidence of renal impairment on admission. Using a time-to-event analysis, reduced renal function was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (compared to eGFR ≥ 60 [Stage 1&2]): eGFR 45–59 [Stage 3a] aHR = 1.26 (95%CI 1.02–1.55); eGFR 30–44 [Stage 3b] aHR = 1.41 (95%CI 1.14–1.73); eGFR 1–29 [Stage 4&5] aHR = 1.42 (95%CI 1.13–1.80). In the co-primary outcome of 28-day mortality, mortality was associated with: Stage 3a adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.18 (95%CI 0.88–1.58), Stage 3b aOR = 1.40 (95%CI 1.03–1.89); and Stage 4&5 aOR = 1.65 (95%CI 1.16–2.35).

Conclusion

eGFR on admission is a good independent predictor of mortality in hospitalised older patients with COVID-19 population. We found evidence of a dose-response between reduced renal function and increased mortality.
Adverse childhood experiences and handgrip strength among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Lin Li , Sun Weidi , Lu Ciyong , Chen Weiqing , Guo Vivian Yawei
Published: February 2022

Background

Evidence on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and handgrip strength (HGS) in later life was limited and inconclusive. We aimed to explore the impact of ACEs on HGS among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with data extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative survey with respondents recruited from 450 villages/urban communities of 28 provinces. Participants aged 45 years or older were drawn from the CHARLS 2014 life history survey and the 2015 health survey. Twelve ACE indicators before the age of 17 years were collected. HGS was measured with a dynamometer and the maximum value of HGS obtained from both hands was used in the analyses. Low muscle strength (LMS) was defined according to the recommendation of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of ACEs with continuous HGS and LMS, with adjustment for age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, area of residence, smoking and drinking status, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, hip fracture, and memory-related disease.

Results

Of the 7209 eligible participants, 2258 (31.3%) had experienced three or more ACEs. Compared to individuals without ACEs, exposure to ≥ 3 ACEs was negatively associated with continuous HGS in kilogram (β = -0.93, 95% CI: -1.37, -0.49) and positively associated with the risk of LMS (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.61). Such associations were consistently found both in men and women who had experienced three or more ACEs. Significant dose–response relationship between the number of ACEs and outcomes was also observed in the overall population and different sex groups.

Conclusion

Exposure to ACEs was associated with lower HGS and increased risk of LMS among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, indicating the importance of intervention in individuals with experience of ACEs in order to mitigate its detrimental impact on HGS and promote healthy ageing.
Effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Deng Xu , Wang Jing-jing , Wang Zhi-xin , Fan Hai-ning , Wang Hai-jiu , Huang Han-sheng , Wang Kai-qaing , Yang Xiao-zhou , Han Jun-wei , Cairang Yangdan
Published: February 2022

Background

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a popular therapy for liver malignant tumor in recent years. Few studies have been conducted on its use in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MWA in the treatment of HAE.

Methods

This study analyzed the data of 45 patients (mean age, 38 ± 2 years; 24 males) diagnosed with HAE and underwent MWA treatment between June 2014 to December 2019. The patients after MWA were examined by CT or MRI [follow-up: 32 months (IQR 23–48.5)] to determine whether the lesions were relapsed and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MWA. The safety of MWA was evaluated by monitoring postoperative complications. Clinical data, such as patient demographics, imaging features of the lesions, relevant findings of laboratory tests before and after ablation, and information related to ablation, were collected and analyzed. Paired-sample t tests and paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare relevant laboratory indicators before and after MWA.

Results

MWA was applied to 57 HAE lesions in 45 patients. The median size of lesions was 3.42 cm (IQR2.85–4.41). The rate of complete ablation was 100% (57/57). The median follow-up time was 32 months (IQR 23–48.5). The recurrence rate was 13% (6/45), and the median time of recurrence was 22 months. The rate of minor complications was 11.1% (5/45), and there were no major complications and deaths. Compared to preoperative, ALB, RBC, HBG, and PLT were decreased (p < 0.001); ALT, TB, DB, and WBC were increased (p < 0.001); and no statistically difference in PT, APTT, and INR (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

MWA might be a safe and effective way to cure HAE. Meanwhile, it provides a new option and a new way of thinking about treatment for patients with HAE.
SYT-SSX1 enhances the invasiveness and maintains stem-like cell properties in synovial sarcoma via induction of TGF-β1/Smad signaling
Authors: Qi Yan , Dong Shuang-Shuang , He Yong-Lai , Liu Zi-Han , Huang Ya-Lan , Wang Ning , Zhang Zhen , Li Zhong , Shi Mei Er Tu He Ta Mi , Feng Xiao , Yao Qing , Zou Hong , Hu Jian-Ming , Pang Li-Juan , Li Feng
Published: February 2022

Background

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of undetermined tissue origin, which is characterized by the recurrent pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (X;18)(p11.2; q11.2). Studies have shown that SS is a malignant tumor originating from cancer stem cells or pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and may be related to fusion genes. In addition, some studies have indicated that the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway leads to SS metastasis.

Methods

We analyzed the effects of SYT-SSX1 on the stemness of SS cells via TGF-β1/Smad signaling in vitro. The SYT-SSX1 fusion gene high expression cell was constructed by lentiviral stable transfer technology. SYT-SSX1 and SW982 cells were cultured and tested for sphere-forming ability. The transwell migration assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the migration ability of the sphere cells as well as the expression of CSC-related markers. We treated SYT-SSX1 cells with rhTGF-β1 (a recombinant agent of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway) and SB431542 and observed morphological changes. A CCK-8 experiment and a western blot (WB) experiment were conducted to detect the expression of TGF-β1 signaling pathway- and EMT-related proteins after treatment. The SYT-SSX1 cells were then cultured and their ability to form spheres was tested. Flow cytometry, WB, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of CSC surface markers on SYT-SSX1 sphere cells.

Results

It was found that SYT-SSX1 has stronger sphere-forming ability, migration ability, and higher expression of CSC-related molecules than SW982 cells. Through treating SYT-SSX1 and SW982 cells with rhTGF-β1 and SB431542, we found that TGF-β1 enhanced the proliferation of cells, induced EMT, and that TGF-β1 enhanced the characteristics of tumor stem cells.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that SYT-SSX1 enhances invasiveness and maintains stemness in SS cells via TGF-β1/Smad signaling. These findings reveal an effective way to potentially improve the prognosis of patients with SS by eliminating the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) during treatment.
Associations between anterior segment biometry and high axial myopia in 3438 cataractous eyes in the Chinese population
Authors: Miao Ao , Tang Yating , Zhu Xiangjia , Qian Dongjin , Zheng Tianyu , Lu Yi
Published: February 2022

Background

To investigate the associations between anterior segment biometry and high axial myopia in cataractous eyes in the Chinese population.

Methods

Data on 3438 eyes from 3438 subjects were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Anterior segment biometry, axial length measurements, and intraocular pressure evaluation were implemented using an Oculus Pentacam HR, a Zeiss IOLMaster 500, and a Nidek TonoRef II, respectively. A multivariate-adjusted logistic model and a multivariate-adjusted linear model were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 62.2 ± 10.6 years, and 56.4% were female. There were 2665 subjects with high axial myopia (axial length, ≥26.50 mm) and 773 without (axial length, < 26.50 mm). The characteristics independently associated with high axial myopia included lower total corneal refractive power, a more negative Q value, greater total corneal astigmatism, greater white-to-white corneal diameter, greater anterior chamber depth, and higher intraocular pressure (all P <  0.05). In addition, greater axial length correlated with a thicker temporal cornea and a thinner nasal cornea (both P <  0.001).

Conclusions

For cataractous eyes, high axial myopia was associated with corneal flattening, increased total corneal astigmatism, anterior segment enlargement, and intraocular pressure elevation. The findings may inform the choice of intraocular lenses and the calculation of their power, help improve the surgical practice of refractive cataract procedures, and provide useful information on the centration and stability of intraocular lenses.
Short-term effects of two types of goggles on intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Huixian , Nie Yuan , Li Wenjing
Published: February 2022

Background

To evaluate and compare the changes in intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics during and after wearing two types of commonly used swimming goggles.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, a total of 40 healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years old were selected to wear two kinds of common swimming goggles (ocular socket and orbital goggles). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment biometry were evaluated before wearing, at 2 and 5 min of wearing, and at 5 min after removing the goggles. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal front keratometry values (K1, K2, Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured.

Results

The IOP at 2 min (21.0 ± 2.2 mmHg) and 5 min (21.2 ± 2.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than before wearing goggles (17.7 ± 2.1 mmHg). The IOP after the goggles were removed and at 5 min after the goggles were removed was 18.4 ± 2.3 mmHg and 17.7 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively. ACV, ACD, and ACA values all decreased while the googles were worn. After the goggles were removed, these changes gradually returned to baseline values, with no significant difference in the values before and after.

Conclusion

This study proves that wearing orbital goggles can lead to an acute increase in IOP and a slight decrease in ACV, ACD, and ACA. However, once the goggles are removed, these indicators return to baseline levels, showing that wearing orbital goggles has no significant lasting effect on IOP and anterior segment parameters.
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 among children in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter chart review study
Authors: AlGhamdi Ahmad , Al Talhi Yousef , Al Najjar Abeer , Sobhi Ahmed , Al Juaid Alaa , Ibrahim Amany , Alshengeti Amer , Al-Hebshi Abdulqader , Farahat Fayssal , Al Qurainees Ghaya , Al Saif Manal , Hamdan Naif , Al Jehani Sameera , Al Mansouri Walaa , AlDabbagh Mona
Published: February 2022

Background

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 100 million cases worldwide. Children accounted for 1–5% of all cases with less reported symptoms and better prognosis compared to adults. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia in addition to identifying risk factors associated with disease severity.

Methods

This was a multicenter, cross-sectional retrospective study that included confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among pediatric patients (< 14 years) from the time of initial identification in March 2020 to the end of July 2020 in 6 centers across the country. Patients were classified based on clinical severity. Study outcomes included time to recovery, need for invasive ventilation, and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore factors associated with increased disease severity.

Results

The study enrolled 567 children with (51.5%) were males, and (44.6%) aged from 6 to 14 years old. Asymptomatic patients accounted for 38.98% of the cases: while 319 patients (56%) had mild disease, and 27 patients (4.76%) had moderate-to-severe disease. Only 10 patients (1.76%) required Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admission. The calculated case-fatality was 0.7%. After performing multivariate regression analysis, chronic lung conditions [adjusted OR = 12.73, 95% CI (2.05–79.12)] and decreased red blood cells (RBCs) count [adjusted OR = 2.43, 95% CI (1.09–5.41] were found to be significant predictors for moderate-to-severe disease (p = 0.006 and 0.030, respectively).

Conclusion

Most COVID-19 cases in the current study had a benign course of illness and carried an excellent prognosis. Children with chronic lung conditions or low RBCs count are at higher risk to develop moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease.