bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A interpretação de cognições e emoções com o conceito de eventos privados e a abordagem analítico-comportamental da ansiedade e da depressão
Authors: Ferreira Darlene Cardoso , Tadaiesky Liany Tavares , Coêlho Nilzabeth Leite , Neno Simone , Tourinho Emmanuel Zagury
Published: June 2018

Cognições e emoções constituem um tema básico para qualquer sistema explicativo na psicologia. Na análise do comportamento, são tratadas como fenômenos comportamentais e abordadas com o auxílio do conceito de eventos privados. Segundo Skinner, eventos privados são estímulos e respostas inacessíveis a uma observação pública direta. O presente artigo revisa alguns usos do conceito de eventos privados na análise do comportamento, aponta controvérsias e limites no uso do conceito e relaciona a esses usos interpretações analítico-comportamentais da depressão e da ansiedade. O texto fundamenta-se especialmente em literatura analítico-comportamental que enfatiza que cognições e emoções são relações comportamentais, com graus variados de complexidade, das quais apenas alguns termos são estímulos privados ou respostas encobertas. Finalmente, o texto aponta algumas implicações para a prática do terapeuta analítico-comportamental e a necessidade de desenvolvimento de tecnologias baseadas em competências acadêmicas e profissionais de analistas do comportamento.
Variáveis que devem ser consideradas na avaliação da qualidade do relacionamento conjugal
Authors: Pergher Nicolau Kuckartz
Published: June 2018

Clientes frequentemente procuram auxílio terapêutico com dúvidas, insatisfações e conflitos ligados a aspectos que envolvem relacionamentos afetivo-conjugais. No presente artigo, foram enumeradas variáveis que merecem serem investigadas na avaliação da qualidade de relacionamentos conjugais. As variáveis listadas e discutidas foram: (1) os motivos do início do relacionamento; (2) o histórico de relacionamentos de cada membro do casal; (3) a forma de divisão financeira; (4) as diferenças de idade entre os cônjuges e das culturas nas quais estiveram inseridos; (5) o grau de intimidade do casal; (6) as práticas sexuais; (7) os padrões de interação entre os cônjuges; (8) a existência de outras fontes de reforçamento fora do casamento; (9) o impacto das traições; (10) os efeitos da ocorrência de doenças em um dos cônjuges; (11) as decisões relacionadas aos filhos; (12) os planos de vida traçados pelo casal e (13) os aspectos relacionados à separação. As análises realizadas podem servir como material complementar para terapeutas que atendem clientes com queixas ligadas ao relacionamento conjugal, assim como podem funcionar como gerador de outras considerações teóricas e de pesquisas sobre o tema.
Identity, Equality, Nameability and Completeness
Authors: Manzano María , Moreno Manuel Crescencio
Published: June 2018

This article is an extended promenade strolling along the winding roads of identity, equality, nameability and completeness, looking for places where they converge. We have distinguished between identity and equality; the first is a binary relation between objects while the second is a symbolic relation between terms. Owing to the central role the notion of identity plays in logic, you can be interested either in how to define it using other logical concepts or in the opposite scheme. In the first case, one investigates what kind of logic is required. In the second case, one is interested in the definition of the other logical concepts (connectives and quantifiers) in terms of the identity relation, using also abstraction. The present paper investigates whether identity can be introduced by definition arriving to the conclusion that only in full higher-order logic a reliable definition of identity is possible. However, the definition needs the standard semantics and we know that with this semantics completeness is lost. We have also studied the relationship of equality with comprehension and extensionality and pointed out the relevant role played by these two axioms in Henkin’s completeness method. We finish our paper with a section devoted to general semantics, where the role played by the nameable hierarchy of types is the key in Henkin’s completeness method.
On Theses without Iterated Modalities of Modal Logics Between C1 and S5. Part 2
Authors: Pietruszczak Andrzej
Published: June 2018

This is the second, out of two papers, in which we identify all logics between C1 and S5 having the same theses without iterated modalities. All these logics can be divided into certain groups. Each such group depends only on which of the following formulas are theses of all logics from this group: (N), (T), (D), ⌜(T)∨☐q⌝, and for any n > 0 a formula ⌜(T) ∨ (altn)⌝, where (T) has not the atom ‘q’, and (T) and (altn) have no common atom. We generalize Pollack’s result from [1], where he proved that all modal logics between S1 and S5 have the same theses which does not involve iterated modalities (i.e., the same first-degree theses).
Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie struktury społecznej wsi
Authors: Halamska Maria
Published: June 2018

W ostatnim trzydziestoleciu struktura społeczna polskiej wsi gruntownie się zmieniła. Sprawiły to trzy, nakładające się, procesy: dezagraryzacja/depezantyzacja, proletaryzacja oraz burżuazyjnienie/gentryfikacja. Autorka, na podstawie danych z reprezentatywnych badań prowadzonych w latach 1991, 2003 oraz 2013, ukazuje zmiany w zakresie podstawowych elementów położenia społecznego ludności wiejskiej: źródeł dochodów, poziomu wykształcenia oraz struktury zawodowej. Dominującym segmentem w strukturze społecznej wsi są obecnie robotnicy (45,6%), natomiast udział rolników i tzw. nowej klasy średniej równoważy się i wynosi po 27,2%. Istnieje jednak duże przestrzenne zróżnicowanie tej struktury, co ukazane zostało na przykładzie regionów historycznych (byłe zabory), obszarów wielofunkcyjnych zurbanizowanych i głównie rolniczych oraz regionów polityczno-administracyjnych (województwa). Największe różnice w strukturze społecznej i dynamice zmian istnieją między obszarami wielofunkcyjnymi zurbanizowanymi a obszarami głównie rolniczymi.
Relacje przedsiębiorstw z otoczeniem na wsi
Authors: Marks-Krzyszkowska Małgorzata
Published: June 2018

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja opinii przedsiębiorców na temat ich relacji z przedstawicielami władzy lokalnej oraz społeczności gminnej. Rozważania oparto na wynikach jakościowych badań terenowych przeprowadzonych w 2016 roku techniką indywidualnych wywiadów pogłębionych z siedmioma przedstawicielami firm działających na obszarach wiejskich. Analizy, osadzone w koncepcji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, prowadzą do wniosków, iż w relacjach biznesu z władzami gminy (podobnie jak z organizacjami pozarządowymi i lokalną społecznością) dominuje tzw. dyskrecjonalna filantropia i reaktywne zaangażowanie. Wynikały one głównie z nacisku społecznego, nie zaś z potrzeb przedsiębiorców. Przedsiębiorcy odwoływali się do poczucia odpowiedzialności społecznej wobec wspólnoty gminnej w zakresie ekonomicznym, prawnym i filantropijnym. Brakowało zaś argumentów o charakterze etycznym.
Zmiana paradygmatu rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Podedworna Hanna
Published: June 2018

W artykule poddano analizie zmianę paradygmatu rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w krajach UE. Zmiany społeczne zachodzące na obszarach wiejskich, rozwój nowej gospodarki i globalizacja redefiniują cele i strategie rozwojowe. Zamiast wąsko definiowanego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, który utożsamiano ze wzrostem produkcji rolnej, celem rozwoju staje się jakość życia w konkretnych społecznościach wiejskich. Wymaga to nowej polityki rozwojowej, która koncentruje się wokół spójności terytorialnej. Uczestnictwo w procesie rozwoju zależy od poziomu organizacji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w społecznościach lokalnych. Lepsze wykorzystanie pozytywnych skutków interwencji rozwojowej zapewnia wysoki poziom organizacji i dostęp do zasobów egzogennych.
Sprzęt taborowy (wozy) w przemieszczeniu armii zaciężnej w Polsce ostatnich Jagiellonów
Authors: Bołdyrew Aleksander
Published: June 2018

Przemieszczenie armii zaciężnej w Polsce ostatnich Jagiellonów, za wyjątkiem wojny pruskiej (1519–1521), następowało na wschodnich rubieżach monarchii polsko-litewskiej. Implikowało to konieczność pokonywania nawet kilkusetkilometrowych dystansów jedynie w celu dotarcia do obszaru lub teatru działań wojennych. Armia zaciężna dokonywała więc, nawet z dzisiejszego punktu widzenia, ogromnych przemarszów. Podstawowym środkiem transportowym stosowanym dla materiałów wojennych były wozy zaprzęgane w konie pociągowe. Artykuł omawia głównie wozy konne (taborowe), ich konstrukcję, organizację przemarszu oraz wykorzystanie ich jako środka bojowego.
Śmierć Sergiusza Jesienina – samobójstwo czy zabójstwo upozorowane na samobójstwo? Analiza wybranych okoliczności zgonu i obrażeń ciała
Authors: Arkuszewski Piotr , Antoszczyk Łukasz , Mazurek-Wardak Magdalena , Wardak Zbigniew
Published: June 2018

Artykuł zawiera rozważania dotyczące wybranych, kluczowych okoliczności śmierci rosyjskiego poety Sergiusza Jesienina oraz stwierdzonych u niego po śmierci obrażeń ciała. Autorzy skupili się na najważniejszych dostępnych dziś informacjach, które wskazują, że faktyczna przyczyna zgonu poety mogła być inna niż oficjalna. Pewne fakty podają bowiem w wątpliwość samobójcze zawiśnięcie w pętli, a inne z kolei sugerują możliwość dokonania zabójstwa z upozorowaniem go na samobójstwo.
Wprowadzenie do postępowania przygotowawczego materiałów z czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych zawierających tajemnice zawodowe w świetle przepisów intertemporalnych
Authors: Kurowski Michał
Published: June 2018

Pozyskiwanie dowodów w toku postepowania karnego wiąże się z szeregiem czynności, które winny zostać wykonane tak, aby były one prawnie dopuszczalne. Szczególne unormowania ustawodawca przewidział w zakresie pozyskiwania dowodów poza postępowaniem karnym. W toku czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych prowadzonych przez organy szczególne możliwe jest dokonywanie kontroli między innymi rozmów telefonicznych. Wprowadzenie dowodów z tych nagrań uregulowane jest w sposób szczególny. W pewnych sytuacjach ustawodawca przewidział dodatkowe obostrzenia w zakresie uzyskiwania dowodów wówczas, gdy dotyczy to tajemnic zawodowych szczególnie chronionych – art. 180 § 2 k.p.k. Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia wskazaną problematykę.
Praktyka wykorzystywania Internetu w zwalczaniu przestępczości przeciwko zabytkom
Authors: Grajewski Adam
Published: June 2018

Obserwujemy zmiany w toku rozwoju nauk, z których kryminalistyka czerpie wiedzę i z których osiągnięć korzysta, przystosowując je do walki z przestępczością. Współczesna kryminalistyka nie poprzestaje na samej adaptacji zdobyczy innych nauk, ale również samodzielnie opracowuje własne metody i środki do walki z przestępczością, co wiąże się z ciągłym postępem technicznym i rosnącymi potrzebami organów ścigania i kryminalistyki. Zgromadzone w trakcie czynności ślady kryminalistyczne możemy dziś zidentyfikować, stosując nowoczesne technologie. Jest to obecnie możliwe, również dzięki uzyskanym nowym źródłom osobowym oraz ciężkiej pracy analitycznej, dochodzeniowej i operacyjnej. Jak pokazuje praktyka, podstawą wszczynania postępowania mogą być również dowody elektroniczne, które można znaleźć, analizując zawartość Internetu.
Wiktoriańska tajemnica. Analiza kryminalistyczna sprawy Kuby Rozpruwacza w kontekście prawidłowości przeprowadzenia czynności postępowania przygotowawczego
Authors: Błaszczyk Bartłomiej
Published: June 2018

Sprawa Kuby Rozpruwacza po dziś dzień nie przestaje fascynować, zaś próby jej rozwiązania podejmują się nowe pokolenia śledczych. Jednakże o wiele bardziej istotne z punktu widzenia współczesnej pracy wykrywczej wydaje się zbadanie sposobu prowadzenia śledztwa pod kątem błędów popełnionych w czasie jego trwania. Okazuje się bowiem, że bardzo wiele niepoprawnych zachowań, jakich dopuszczono się w czasie badania przypadku morderstw w Whitechapel, jak nieprawidłowe zabezpieczenie miejsca zdarzenia czy mieszanie politycznych interesów z dociekaniem prawdy, zdarza się także 128 lat po omawianym przypadku. Powyższe jednoznacznie podkreśla, iż w pracy śledczej najważniejszym ogniwem jest człowiek i jego praca, zaś nowoczesne technologie nie są celem, a jedynie środkiem w dążeniu do prawdy.
Rafy procesu rewitalizacji – teoria i polskie doświadczenia
Authors: Jadach‑Sepioło Aleksandra
Published: June 2018

Polskie doświadczenia rewitalizacyjne sięgają początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku, rewaloryzacyjne, szeroko uznane w światowej literaturze przedmiotu i praktyce konserwatorskiej, są zaś odleglejsze. Wraz z kolejnymi zmianami podejścia do rewitalizacji polskie gminy miały możliwość poznania pełnego spektrum znaczenia terminu „rewitalizacja” i nauczenia się jego stosowania. Obserwacja tych doświadczeń pokazuje, że oprócz pozytywnych zmian często występują i ciemne strony, których skutki najczęściej odczuwają najbardziej potrzebujący mieszkańcy i inni interesariusze na obszarach zdegradowanych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagrożeń związanych z procesem rewitalizacji oraz ich usystematyzowanie w świetle teorii i dotychczasowych, ponaddwudziestoletnich doświadczeń polskich miast. Artykuł zakończą rekomendacje dotyczące potrzeby ewolucyjnych zmian podejścia do rewitalizacji, które mogą ograniczyć ekspozycję mieszkańców na negatywne skutki procesów rewitalizacyjnych.
Gospodarka paliwowo‑energetyczna w kontekście wykorzystania odpadów do produkcji zielonej energii
Authors: Okraszewska Ewelina
Published: June 2018

Gospodarka paliwowo‑energetyczna to dziedzina działalności, która obejmuje całe spektrum zjawisk i procesów związanych z pozyskiwaniem i użytkowaniem nośników energii, zarówno w zakresie przetwarzania niektórych nośników energii, jak i procesów końcowego zużycia paliw i energii. W artykule badano potencjał odpadów w celu poszukiwania alternatywy dla energii pochodzącej z konwencjonalnych źródeł. Podjęto się oceny działań spalarni odpadów pod względem ekonomicznym i środowiskowym. Praca ma charakter teoretyczny. Metody wykorzystane do próby odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze charakteryzują się podejściem heurystycznym.
Specyfika sprawozdawczości spółek giełdowych na przykładzie spółek sektora energetycznego
Authors: Piotrowska Anna
Published: June 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest sprawozdawczości spółek giełdowych. W wyniku zmian wprowadzanych w przepisach jednostki zainteresowania publicznego coraz częściej są zobowiązane ujawniać informacje dotyczące ochrony środowiska naturalnego, spraw społecznych i pracowniczych. Celem pracy jest wykazanie, że zagadnienia istotne dla oceny kondycji finansowej jednostki i perspektyw jej dalszego rozwoju są poruszane nie tylko w granicach sprawozdania finansowego, lecz również poza nim. Analizie poddano raporty roczne największych spółek działających w polskim sektorze energetycznym. W opracowaniu wykorzystano analizę obowiązujących przepisów rachunkowości i metodę analizy przypadków.
A report on the Jubilee of the 60th Birthday of Professor Zbigniew Anusik, Lodz, December 8, 2017
Authors: Karkocha Małgorzata
Published: June 2018

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Ο ρόλος της έγκαιρης εντερικής θρέψης σε εγκαυματίες και πολυτραυματίες. Ομοιότητες και διαφορές.
Authors: Μαρβάκη Χρυσάνθη , Οικονόμου Θ. , Ιορδάνου Παναγιώτα , Μαρβάκη Ε. , Θεοδοσοπούλου Ελένη , Πατηράκη Ε.
Published: June 2018

Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να εξετάσει το ρόλο της Έγκαιρης Εντερικής Θρέψης (££Θ) σε εγκαυματιες και πολυτραυματίες. Υλικέ)-Μέθοδος Στη μελέτη μας συμπεριλήφθησαν 31 εγκαυματιες με εγκαύματα >25% της ολικής επιφάνειας σώματος και 35 πολυτραυματίες με περισσότερα από δύο τραύματα. Ακολούθησε ειδικό πρωτόκολλο θρέψης και εκτιμήθηκαν εργαστηριακές παράμετροι και η γενική κατάσταση των ασθενών. Αποτελέσματα Στους εγκαυματιες, τα ολικά λευκώματα, οι λευκωματίνες και οι σφαιρίνες αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά μεταξύ όλων των μετρήσεων. Στους πολυτραυματίες τα ολικά λευκώματα και οι σφαι- ρίνες αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά μεταξύ 1ης και 3ης μέτρησης (Ρ<0,001). Οι λεύκωμα- τίνες μειώθηκαν ελαφρά μεταξύ 1ης και 3ης μέτρησης (Ρ=0,350). Στους έγκαυμα- τίες, μεταξύ 1ης και 3ης μέτρησης, ο Fe αυξήθηκε (Ρ<0,008). Στους πολυτραυματίες ήταν ελαφρά αυξημένος. Στους εγκαυματιες η δεσμευτική ικανότητα σιδήρου (TIBC) αυξήθηκε (Ρ<0,001) και στους πολυτραυματίες μειώθηκε ελαφρά. Δεν υπήρξαν σημαντικές διαφοροποιήσεις στον απόλυτο αριθμό των λεμφοκυττάρων ούτε σε αυτό των ανοσοσφαιρινών IgA, IgM, IgG και για τις δύο ομάδες ασθενών. Μεταξύ των ομάδων, η μέση τιμή των λευκωματινών στους εγκαυματιες αυξήθηκε σημαντικά έναντι των πολυτραυματιών (Ρ=0,012). Η μέση τιμή των σφαιρινών στους πολυτραυματίες αυξήθηκε σημαντικά έναντι των εγκαυματιών (Ρ=0,019). Η TIBC των δύο ομάδων δεν αυξήθηκε μεταξύ 1ης και 2ης μέτρησης, αλλά αυξήθηκε σημαντικά στην 3η μέτρηση στους εγκαυματιες σε σχέση με τους πολυτραυματίες (Ρ=0,005). Η μέση τιμή των ανοσοσφαιρινών IgG παρουσίασε μία σημαντική αύξηση στους πολυτραυματίες συγκριτικά με τους εγκαυματιες (Ρ=0,006). Συμπεράσματα Γενικά, τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης επιβεβαίωσαν την αποτελεσματι- κότητα της €£Θ και στις δύο ομάδες των ασθενών καθώς επίσης και παρουσία ομοιοτήτων και διαφορών μεταξύ των ομάδων.
COMPARISON OF THREE SHORT SIX-FACTOR PERSONALITY INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Dinić Bojana
Published: June 2018

The aim of this research was to validate Serbian adaptations of three short six-factor model measures: 24 Questionnaire Big Six (24QB6), Mini-IPIP6, and Brief HEXACO Inventory (BHI). Besides these measures, HEXACO-100 was applied on a sample of 310 participants (41% of male) from the general population. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed marginal fit indices for 24QB6, and satisfactory fit indices for Mini-IPIP6, but not for BHI. BHI also had the smallest Cronbach’s alphas for the scales, but the highest correlations with matching HEXACO-100 scales, confirming its convergent and discriminant validity. Regarding 24QB6, it was noticeable that all scales were valid, except for Honesty/Propriety, which showed substantial relations with both Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness. Scales from Mini-IPIP6 had the highest alphas, but also the highest mean inter-item correlation, indicating that they measured a narrower scope of the traits. Also, validity of the Agreeableness scale was limited. Taken together, all the measures had advantages and disadvantages, and authors should choose a short measure in line with the importance of either validity or reliability.
SOCIAL RANK STYLES, MACHIAVELLIANISM AND THE ATTITUDE TOWARD CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
Authors: Mitić Anja , Petrović Ivana , Đurić Veljko
Published: June 2018

Conspicuous consumption describes signalling of one’s buying power in order to impress others and secure and/or preserve a favourable place in a social hierarchy. The current study, involving 200 junior and senior high school students from Serbia, examined inclination for lavish spending on brand name clothes in relation to social dominance. Our aim was to examine a predictive relationship between an exploitative interpersonal strategy (marked by Machiavellianism, Leadership, and Ruthless Self−Advancement), and the attitude toward conspicuous consumption. Our respondents with high esteem of power, emanating from the principal position within a group, and prone to Machiavellianism and Ruthless Self−Advancement, had a positive attitude toward conspicuous consumption (an indirect measure of the actual behaviour). Although one’s attitude toward conspicuous consumption is likely to be multifaceted, our findings suggest that a positive attitude towards conspicuous consumption may be an accompanying ingredient of the opportunistic and calculating life strategy. The results indicate that conspicuous consumption is most likely embedded in the social ranking processes.
An Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Detection of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Based on Sandwich ELISA Using Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Daniswara Muhammad Hilman , Nurmalasari Ratna , Gaffar Shabarni , Subroto Toto
Published: June 2018

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a 32-amino acid polypeptide, a cardiac neuro hormone that specifically secreted from heart ventricle as a response towards the increase of volume and pressure in the heart. The determination of BNP concentration in patients blood is one of the method used to diagnose heart failure. An electrochemical immunosensor modified with the streptavidin/biotin system on screen printed carbon electrodes for the detection of the BNP antigen was developed in this study. Monoclonal anti-BNP capture antibody was immobilized on streptavidin-modified SPCEs to give a well oriented of antibody. Furthermore, a biotinylated anti-BNP that conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as secondary antibody. The electrochemical signal produced by redox activity of substrate 3,3,5,5'-tetramethybezidine dihydrochloride (TMB/H2O2) was measured by differential pulse voltammetry. The BNP immunosensor showed a linear response between 1.0×10-2 and 1.0×102 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 3.3 ng/mL. BNP immunosensor is a promising technology for the rapid and convenient detection of heart failure.
Sesquiterpenoid Compounds from The Stembark of Aglaia minahassae (Meliaceae)
Authors: Kurniasih Nunung , Milawati Hersa , Fajar Mohamad , Hidayat Ace Tatang , Abdulah Rizky , Harneti Desi , Supratman Unang , Azmi Mohamad Nurul
Published: June 2018

Two sesquiterpenoid compounds, 4(15)-eudesmen-1b,6a-diol (1) and spathulenol (2) have been isolated from the stembark of Aglaia minahassae belong to Meliaceae family. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including UV, IR, NMR 1D, NMR 2D as well as mass spectra and by comparison with those previously reported spectra data. This compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
The Age Dependent Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Rasbora, Rasbora lateristriata Blkr., (Pisces: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Susilo Untung , Sukardi Purnama , Affandi Ridwan
Published: June 2018

This study was to evaluate the digestive enzyme activity  included a total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase in Rasbora. This research was carried out using three different ages (2, 4 and 6 months) and in each age consisted of six groups (replicates). In this study 150 fish (±2 months age), 120 fish (± 4 months age) and 90 fish (± 6 months age) were used. All digestion enzyme activity was measured by the spectrophotometric method, except the lipase activity was by the titration method. The results showed that the distinctness of age resulted in a significant difference on total protease, trypsin, lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase (P <0.05), but no significant difference in amylase activity (P> 0.05). Total protease and trypsin activities were higher in fish of age two months than fish age four and six months, but the activity of lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in fish age of four months compared to two months age fish. Fish, with distinct age has the different nutrient digestion capacity as expressed by differences in the activity of the enzyme digestion, except amylase. These results contribute to the future development of digestive physiology, especially in Rasbora.Key Words: alkaline phosphatase, carbohydrase, lipase, protease, Rasbora
Two Highly Stable Silver Nanoparticles: Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectra Study of Silver Nanoparticles Capped with m-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
Authors: Gusrizal Gusrizal , Santosa Sri Juari , Kunarti Eko Sri , Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: June 2018

Silver nanoparticles capped with m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic have been successfully synthesized, but the long-term stability data of these silver nanoparticles are not available. In this paper, we report the stability of these two types of silver nanoparticles for a period of 40 weeks observation based on the change of surface plasmon resonance spectra of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate with m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid without addition of capping agent. The presence of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the appearance of yellow color due to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The resulted silver nanoparticles were stored at room temperature and further UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to follow the change in surface plasmon resonance spectra. The surface plasmon resonance spectra of silver nanoparticles were overlapped for the first 18 weeks, followed by little change in the position of absorption maxima (lmax), peak intensity, and width of the absorption peak until the week of 40. Silver nanoparticles capped with m-hydroxybenzoic acid and silver nanoparticles capped with p-hydroxybenzoic acid were highly stable which should make them suitable for further applications. The results show the potential of m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid to become a new reducing agent in the synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles. The m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid appeared to act as both reducing and capping agent.
Development and Introduction of the Risk-Sentience Auxiliary Framework (RSAF) as an Enabler to the ISO 31000 and ISO 31010 for High-Risk Environments
Authors: Selvaseelan Jerry
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a new auxiliary enterprise risk management framework and process to serve as an enabler to the global ISO 31000 risk framework and ISO 31010 processes. This framework has been designed particularly for use within high-risk environments and those characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). This paper proposes a methodology for optimization of structured sharing and grass-roots management of all available risk-sentience information with the assessed potential to develop into an identifiable risk in the future. The author introduces new risk terminology including risk-sentience, risk-sentience information, and risk-sentience management. The process involved the development of the Theory of Risk-Sentience (ToRS), Risk-Sentience Auxiliary Framework (RSAF) and a risk-sentience management process referred to as LUOMEAR (Learning from Uncertainties, Others Mistakes, Experiences and Anecdotal Reporting). Manchester Patient Safety Framework (MaPSaF), SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, and a newly developed Risk-Sentience Fertility Checklist were used to conduct pre and post-trial evaluations. The findings include positive adjustments in safety culture, components of commitment to quality, communication and team-working around safety issues, access to evolving risk-information, and efficient sharing and management of recorded risk-information. Recommendations are made for more extensive application of both the proposed auxiliary risk framework and process within high-risk sectors to further explore its effectiveness and scope.
Geoinformation Modeling of Flooded Areas in Settlements (in the Example of Lutsk)
Authors: Shostak Anna , Voloshyn Volodymyr , Melnyk Oleksandr , Manko Pavlo
Published: June 2018

Object. Flooding in Ukraine is a common natural phenomenon that repeats periodically and in some cases it becomes disastrous. In an average year floods on the rivers of Volyn region take place from one to three times which extend beyond the limits of the floodplain. The floodplain of Styr river is located in the historical center of Lutsk city, that`s why issues of research and forecasting of floods are very important for a given city. Methodology. Using modern technologies of geodesy and remote sensing allows to quickly determine and predict the floodplain area of settlements. Based on the statistical data of the Volyn Regional Center for Hydrometeorology during the 7 year period 2011-2017 about water levels of the river Styr. We conducted mathematical modeling of fluctuations of water levels within the territory of Lutsk, based on creating a partial Fourier series for discrete values of middle-ten-day water levels values. The post hydrological measurements of Styr river water levels in the territory of Lutsk located on the Shevchenko Street comply with an altitude 172.87 meters. Based on the data of short-term flood forecasting in February and March, and relief data from the Department of Architecture and Urban Development of Volyn State Administration, we conducted visualization of the results using geographic information system QGIS. Results. The results of mathematical processing were the basis for geoinformation simulation of flooded areas using remote sensing data that are publicly available. Use of statistical and geospatial data in this article has great potential for further application in modeling the processes of natural and technogenic origin. Scientific novelty. The mathematical model of short-term forecasting of water levels during the flood period on the river Styr with implementation of geoinformation modeling of flooded areas using remote sensing data is proposed. Practical significance. The research results of water level changes on the Styr River and flood zones within the limits of Lutsk is proposed. The spring flood in February-March 2018, with the maximum water level 5.33 m, corresponds to an absolute mark of 178.20 m, which is forecasted in this article.
Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control of a Quadrotor Based on Iterative Learning Algorithm
Authors: Farzaneh Mohammad Mehdi , Tavakolpour-Saleh Alireza
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a new adaptive and optimal algorithm for the trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor using iterative learning algorithm (ILA) and enumerative learning algorithm. Ordinarily the ILA, as an adaptive method, can perform well with PID control to improve the controller’s performance for a nonlinear system. Quadrotors are considered as non-linear and unstable systems which the use of an adaptive and optimal controller can increase its stability and decrease error level. In this method, a PID controller is proposed for the outer and inner control loops of a quadrotor and the ILA is used to adapt PID control gains. Subsequently, an enumerative learning algorithm is used to optimize the learning rates of the ILA. For this purpose, at first, the dynamic model of the quadrotor is acquired. After that, the structure of the inner and outer control loops is defined. In the end, the simulation results for the trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor are demonstrated. Through simulation, it is concluded that as time increases, the performance of the suggested control method in trajectory tracking control becomes better and better and error signals convergence to zero.
Parameter Identification of Low Frequency Oscillation Based on Fourier Synchrosqueezing Transform
Authors: wang wenbo , Jin yunyu , wang bin , di qi , yu min
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the Fourier-based synchrosqueezing transform (FSST) method is introduced into the power system to realize low frequency oscillation identification. Firstly, the modal components of low frequency oscillation signal are separated by FSST, and calculating the instantaneous parameters including magnitude, frequency and phase of every mode component with Hilbert transform. Then , calculating the damping ration of every modal component based on above parameters and derived the formulas. Thus, it realized effective identification of of modal parameters of low frequency oscillation signal. The experimental results of simulated data and 16-generator system demonstrate the validity and correctness of the FSST method. Comparing with the classical Prony method shows that the FSST method is better in the identification accuracy when the low frequency oscillation signal is polluted by noise. Finally, the effectiveness of the FSST in Actual power grid is verified based on the real data from Sichuan power grid.
Label-Free Imaging of Melanoma with Confocal Photothermal Microscopy: Differentiation between Malignant and Benign Tissue
Authors: Kobayashi Takayoshi , Nakata Kazuaki , Yajima Ichiro , Kato Masashi , Tsurui Hiromichi
Published: June 2018

Label-free confocal photothermal (CPT) microscopy was utilized for the first time to investigate malignancy in mouse skin cells. A laser diode (LD) with 405nm or 488nm was used as a pump and 638nm LD as a probe for the CPT microscope. The Grey Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) for texture analysis was applied to the CPT images. Nine parameters of GLCM were calculated for the intracellular super-resolved CPT images, and the parameters Entropy and Prominence were found to be most suited among the nine parameters to discriminate between healthy cells and MM cells in case pump wavelength of 488nm is used.
Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Susceptibility Genetic Testing for Late-Onset Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: de Lara Amaranta Manrique , Núñez-Acosta Elisa , Saruwatari-Zavala Garbiñe , Soto-Gómez Liliana , Rentería Miguel E.
Published: June 2018

Over the last decade, advances in our understanding about the genetic architecture of complex traits and common diseases, have increased our ability to perform susceptibility genetic testing for diseases in asymptomatic individuals. These technological developments raise complex ethical, legal and social considerations. Here we discuss a series of ethical issues associated with susceptibility genetic testing for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These include, amongst others, informed consent, disclosure of results and unexpected findings, mandatory screening, privacy and confidentiality, and stigma and genetic discrimination. As knowledge of the genetic basis of these diseases continues growing, and as genetic testing becomes more widespread, we anticipate that it will become increasingly important for scientists and clinicians to engage in the conversation about the ethical, social and policy implications of these technologies.
Cell Phones and Natural Disaster Vulnerability
Authors: Toya Hideki , Skidmore Mark
Published: June 2018

A global revolution in information and communication technologies (ICT) has occurred over the past few decades, emerging first in industrialized countries and then in developing countries. While researchers have examined many facets of the ICT revolution, relatively little work has systematically examined the degree to which ICT has reduced natural disaster vulnerability. In this article we use cross-country data over the 1980-2013 period to estimate the relationship between newly-emerging cell phone access/use and disaster-induced fatalities. Our estimates suggest that a one-standard-deviation increase in cell phone usage reduces disaster fatalities by nearly one half. The estimated effect increases to almost three quarters for geologic events where people are typically afflicted without warning. The largest marginal benefit from cell phones in terms of saving lives come from events where there is typically no warning, thus many are caught by surprise; cell phones are used to call for help and coordinate assistance.
A Scale at 10 MeV, Gravitational Topological Vacuum, and Large Extra Dimensions
Authors: Aydemir Ufuk
Published: June 2018

We discuss a possible scale of gravitational origin at around 10 MeV, or 10−12 cm, arisen in the MacDowell-Mansouri formalism of gravity due to the topological Gauss-Bonnet term in the action, pointed out by Bjorken several years ago. A length scale of the same size emerges also in the Kodama solution in gravity, which is known to be closely related to the MacDowell-Mansouri formulation. We particularly draw attention to the intriguing incident that existence of six compact extra dimensions originated from TeV-scale quantum gravity as well points to a length scale of 10−12 cm, as the compactification scale. The presence of six such extra dimensions is also in remarkable consistency with the MacDowell-Mansouri formalism; it provides a possible explanation for the factor of ~10120 multiplying the Gauss-Bonnet term in the action. We also comment on the relevant implications of such a scale regarding the thermal history of the universe motivated by the fact that it is considerably close to 1–2 MeV below which the weak interactions freeze out, leading to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Derivation of a Generalized Einstein's Equation of Gravitation Based on a Mechanical Model of Vacuum and a Sink Flow Model of Particles
Authors: Wang Xiao-Song
Published: June 2018

There exist some puzzles and difficulties related to Einstein's theory of general relativity. We generalize our previous theory of gravitation by methods of special relativistic continuum mechanics. In inertial coordinate systems, we construct a tensorial potential which satisfies the wave equation. Inspired by the equation of motion of a test particle, a definition of a metric tensor of a Riemannian spacetime is introduced. A generalized Einstein's equation is derived in inertial coordinate systems based on some assumptions. This equation reduces to Einstein's equation in case of weak field in harmonic coordinate systems. In some special non-inertial coordinate systems, a second generalized Einstein's equation is derived based on some assumptions. If the field is weak and the coordinate system is quasi-inertial and harmonic, the second generalized Einstein's equation reduces to Einstein's equation. There exists some differences between this theory and Einstein's theory of general relativity.
On Predicting Animal Evolution
Authors: Norman Stuart
Published: June 2018

The origination of most free-living animal species is predictable. ‘Light’ order in the producer trophic levels below is the key. Absent from the abiotic environment (pre-biotic level) and prokaryotes, ‘light’ order consists of differences in species composition between developed species-packed communities in which extinction may be the precursor of speciation, particularly ecologically comparable tropical lowland ones of Africa, Australia, India, and South America. Based on but not itself of matter and non-burnable, nil waste heat content ‘compensates’ for burned-up food energy. Where the amounts on pre-apical levels form an inverted pyramid like waste heat’s, occupancy of consumer levels from primary to apical is predictable (variation and selection assumed). Terminal non-inversion predicts post-apical vacancy. Examined communities were from grasslands (large carnivores, large grazing mammals, grasses) and woodlands (raptorial birds, insect-eating birds, butterflies, woody plants). Comparisons with Darwin’s and Lyell’s non-predictive theories of change are made. Implication for Gladyshevian thermodynamics v. Prigoginean dynamics is discussed. Linnaeus’s classificational system turns out to be rich with new and unsuspected content.
Critica de libros: Tratado de Nutrición (3ª Edición)
Authors: Dalmau Jaime , Moreno Villares José Manuel
Published: June 2018

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Otizm Sosyal Beceriler Profili Ölçeğinde Puanlayıcılar Arası Güvenirliğin Farklı Kuramlara Göre Karşılaştırılması
Authors: PEKİN Zeynep , ÇETİN Sevda , GÜLER Neşe
Published: June 2018

Bu
araştırmada, “Otizm Sosyal Beceriler Profili” (OSBP) ölçeğinin beş puanlayıcı
tarafından puanlanması ile elde edilen puanların klasik test kuramı ve
genellenebilirlik (G) kuramı ile puanlayıcılar arası güvenirliğinin
karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. G kuramında puanlayıcıların birlikte ve
dönüşümlü puanlama yapmasıyla oluşturulan farklı desenlerden ve klasik test
kuramından elde edilen güvenirlik katsayılarının düzeyleri saptanmış ve hangi
kuramın daha fazla bilgi sunduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada elde
edilen veriler klasik test kuramında her bir puanlayıcı için puanların iç
tutarlılık güvenirliği Cronbach-alfa (α) katsayısı; puanlayıcılar arası
güvenirlik, Kendall’ın uyuşum katsayısı, puanlayıcılar arası korelasyon
katsayısı ve puanlayıcıların verdikleri puanlar arasında fark olup olmadığı ise
ilişkili örneklemlerde varyans analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. Genellenebilirlik
teorisinde, değerlendiricilerin ortaklaşa ve alternatif derecelendirmelerine
göre iki farklı tasarım oluşturulmuştur. G kuramı kapsamında bireylerin (b) aynı maddeler (m) doğrultusunda puanlayıcıların (p) her biri tarafından puanlandığı bxmxp çapraz deseni ve bireylerin tüm maddeler doğrultusunda farklı
puanlayıcılar tarafından puanlandığı (p:b)xm yuvalanmış deseni için ayrı ayrı G ve
K çalışmaları yapılmış ve sonuçlar birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Toplam Test ve Alt Test Puanlarının Kestiriminin Hiyerarşik Madde Tepki Kuramı Modelleri ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Soysal Sümeyra , Kelecioğlu Hülya
Published: June 2018

Bu
araştırmada güvenilir alt test ve toplam test puanı kestirimleri konusuna katkı
sağlamak amacıyla alt test ve toplam test arasındaki ilişki hiyerarşik madde
tepki kuramı modelleri ile araştırılmak istenmiştir. Çalışmada Üst Düzey Sıralı
(Higher Order), İki Faktör (Bi-factor) ve hiyerarşik çok boyutlu madde tepki
kuramı (ÇBMTK) modelleri ile kestirilen toplam test puanının ve alt test
puanlarının RMSE ve güvenirlik değerleri alt test sayısı, alt test uzunluğu ve
alt testler arasındaki korelasyonların büyüklüğü koşulları altında
karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca TEOG 2015 verileri üzerinde araştırmada kullanılan
üç kestirim modelinin performansı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda iki ve üç boyutlu verilerde hemen hemen tüm
koşullarda alt test uzunluğu ve alt testler arasındaki korelasyonun arttıkça üç
kestirim modelinden elde edilen toplam test puanı için yetenek parametreleri
kestirim hatasının azaldığı, kestirim güvenirliğinin ise arttığı bulunmuştur.
Toplam test puanları için Hiyerarşik ÇBMTK model ile tüm koşullarda en düşük
RMSE değeri ve en yüksek güvenirlik değeri elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca korelasyonun
0.8 düzeyinde toplam test puanı için tüm modeller birbirine yakın RMSE ve
güvenirlik değerleri ile kestirim yapmıştır. İki ve üç boyutlu verilerde alt test
puanı için kestirilen yetenek parametrelerinin RMSE değerleri, Hiyerarşik ÇBMTK
modelde alt test uzunluğu arttıkça azalırken alt testler arasındaki korelasyon
düzeyinden etkilenmediği; Üst Düzey Sıralı modelde alt test uzunluğu ve alt
testler arasındaki korelasyon arttıkça azaldığı; İki Faktör modelde ise alt
test uzunluğu arttıkça azalırken alt testler arasındaki korelasyon arttıkça
önemli düzeyde arttığı bulunmuştur.
Demand for charcoal among petty traders in Oyo state, Nigeria: a paradox of survival and environmental degradation
Authors: Abiola Sowunmi Fatai , Oyewunmi Oyebanjo Adewumi , Cecil Omigie Osarobo , Olayiwola Amoo Zakariyah
Published: June 2018

Striking a balance between human survival heightened by mass unemployment and the environment is crucial to the sustainability of the natural resources. The role of petty trader is important in ensuring that the excess supply during harvest is processed into the forms (roasted maize, yam, plantain, meat and chicken) appreciated by consumers instead of being a loss to farmer. While average daily income of 2670.79 Nigerian naira (₦) was assured, substantial quantity of charcoal (46786.3 kg) was utilized per week by petty traders. This is equivalent of 20.6 hectares of wood. The per capita charcoal utilization per week for suya, roasted yam and plantain sellers were 178.7 kg, 85.2 kg and 145.8 kg, respectively. These were obtained from clearing 0.8 ha (suya), 0.4 ha (roasted yam) and 0.6 ha (plantain) of wood. Age of respondents, experience in petty trading and hours of trading per day have a positive influence on the quantity of charcoal utilized per day, while frequency of purchase (charcoal) and rainy season have a negative relationship with quantity of charcoal used per day. Considering the appreciable quantity of charcoal utilization among petty traders and its negative effect on the environment, government should go beyond collecting taxes from charcoal producers. Also, the need for control over exploitation of trees and mobilization of staff of the Ministry of Forestry for prompt tree planting are required.
Predictability and herding of bourse volatility: an econophysics analogue
Authors: Ghosh Bikramaditya , M.C. Krishna , Rao Shrikanth , Kozarević Emira , Kumar Pandey Rahul
Published: June 2018

Financial Reynolds number works as a proxy for volatility in stock markets. This piece of work helps to identify the predictability and herd behavior embedded in the financial Reynolds number (time series) series for both CNX Nifty Regular and CNX Nifty High Frequency Trading domains. Hurst exponent and fractal dimension have been used to carry out this work. Results confirm conclusive evidence of predictability and herd behavior for both the indices. However, it has been observed that CNX Nifty High Frequency Trading domain (represented by its corresponding financial Reynolds number) is more predictable and has traces of significant herd behavior. The pattern of the predictability has been found to follow a quadratic equation.
Kuraklığın Buğdayın Kök Ağırlığına Etkisi ve Kökün Bazı Fizyolojik Parametrelerle İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İrfan , KORKUT Kayıhan Z.
Published: June 2018

Ekmeklik buğdayda kuraklık stresi koşullarında çevresel

ve genetik faktörlere göre değişiklikler gözlenebilen kök yapısı önemli faktör

olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada bazı ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin farklı

kuraklık seviyelerindeki kök ağırlıkları ile kök ağırlığının bazı fizyolojik karakterlere

olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü

deneme alanında 2008-2009 ve 2009-2010 yıllarında yapılmıştır ve 15 genotip kullanılarak;

tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür.

Ana parsellerde beş farklı kuraklık uygulamaları, alt parsellerde genotipler

yer almıştır. Araştırmada sapa kalkma döneminden fizyolojik olum dönemine kadar

farklı seviyede kuraklık uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada kuraklık stresi uygulaması

genotiplerde kök ağırlığını azaltmıştır. Genotiplerde en fazla kök ağırlığı

Bereket çeşidinde (3.618 g) tespit edilmiştir. Kuraklık stresi bitkilerde kök

ağırlığını farklı oranlarda etkilemiş olup, en düşük kök ağırlığı (2.815 g) tam

kuraklık uygulanan parselde ölçülürken, en fazla kök ağırlığı kuraklık stresi

uygulanmayan koşullarda belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada genotiplerde kök

ağırlığının artışı başaklanma öncesi ve tane dolum döneminde bayrak

yapraklarındaki klorofil kapsamını önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Kök miktarı bütün

kuraklık uygulamalarında bitki örtüsü sıcaklığını düşürmüştür. Bitkide kök

miktarının genotiplerde başaklanma, olgunlaşma gün sayıları ve tane dolum

süresini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Kök ağırlığı artışında stoma eni ve boyunda

artış olurken, stoma sayısında azalma olmuştur. Kök ağırlığına genotip ve çevre

faktörleri etkili olurken yapraklarda klorofil kapsamında artış kanopi

sıcaklığında azalma olmuştur.    
Ion exchange with macroporous polystyrene resins for the removal of natural organic matter
Authors: Urbanowska Agnieszka , Kabsch-Korbutowicz Małgorzata
Published: June 2018

Due to the regulations on drinking water quality becoming stricter, it is important to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. The ion exchange process that uses synthetic resins is among the many processes that allow it. The suitability of two macroporous polystyrene resins: A100 and BD400FD for the removal of NOM from water and also the integrated process combining ion exchange with ultrafiltration were evaluated. The impact of process set-up and selected water parameters on the treatment effectiveness was compared. XAD resin fractionation was used to characterize removed NOM. The results showed that tested resins can be effectively used to remove NOM from water. Performing the ion exchange in a flow set-up resulted in better purification effects when compared to a batch set-up. The A100 resin was more effective. An increase in pH resulted in a slight decrease in NOM removal efficiency, while an increase in temperature increased it. The use of the integrated process resulted in significant improvements in water quality due to the combined effect. Fractional analysis showed a change in the treated water composition when compared to raw samples. Preferential removal of higher molecular weight hydrophobic fractions and also poor hydrophilic fractions elimination were observed.