bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized Estimators for Finite Population Variance Using Measurable and Affordable Auxiliary Character
Authors: Muhammad Isah , Zakari Yahaya , Audu Ahmed
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a generalized exponential-type estimator for estimating the population variance using measurable and affordable auxiliary character in single phase sampling has been proposed. Some special cases of the proposed generalized estimator with a = 1 and a = 2 have also been discussed. The expressions for the mean square error and bias of the proposed generalized estimator have been derived. The efficiency of the proposed generalized estimator has been compared theoretically with the existing estimators and the conditions under which the proposed estimators are better than some existing estimators have also been given.  Numerical examples with five real data sets to compute MSEs and PREs were conducted to ascertain the efficiency of the proposed estimators over others and the results showed that both of the proposed estimators were more efficient than the estimators considered in literature. Thus, the estimator with  perform better than the estimator with a = 1.
Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Bitter Leaf Vegetables - Onugbu (Vernonia amygdalina): A Case Study of Farms in Nimo, Njikoka Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okeke O. A. , Udemba N. N. , Udeh N. P. , Imakwu C. A. , Nwadike C.  C. , Nnatuanya I. O. , Elosiuba N. V. , Egwuagu C. C. , Afoemezie P. I. , Obudulu C.
Published: February 2022

Aim: Vegetables form a major component of the human diet; however, some agricultural practices may put consumers at risk of parasitic infections. There is high consumption of   bitter leaf (Onugbu) in the rural part of Nigeria. They are eaten raw as medicinal herbs by some people. The culture of inadequate or poor washing of vegetables could pose significant and major health threats to the consumers. The aim of the study was to identify some of the parasites that may be attached to the locally consumed edible vegetable Vernonia amygdalina called Onugbu amongst Igbo speaking dialect in south eastern Nigeria.

Study Design: This study is a survey that evaluated the parasitic contamination of bitter leaf grown in selected farms in Nimo in Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. 

Duration: The study lasted for six months. 

Methodology: V. amygdalina leaf samples were bought directly from the farmers at 300 Naira per rap. The examination of sample was carried out using sedimentation method. Samples weighing 50g were gently washed in normal saline water.  The water used in washing was filtered and centrifuged at 300g to concentrate the parasitic stages and also to avoid damages. The sediments obtained were transferred unto labelled clean slides and examined under the light microscope at x 40 objective lens.

Results: Parasites were detected in all samples collected from the farm. The commonest parasite was Entamoeba histolytica (cyst 45.5%); other parasites seen are Entamoeba coli (cyst 13.6%), B. coli (trophozoite 27.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (ova 9.1%) and Strongyloides stercolaris (larva 4. 6%).

Conclusion and Recommendations: The results provide evidence of contamination of bitter leaves from farms in Nimo in Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria with parasites of public health importance.  To avoid infection, humans should wash the leaves of this vegetable with running water or salt and water before it is eating raw.
Effects of Mulching on Soil Water Content, Maize Performance and Weed Growth in Dry Land Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Ranu Mst. Sarmin , Ahamed Kamal Uddin , Islam Md. Shoriful , Ara Sumi Shamim
Published: February 2022

Aims: The objectives of the research work were to evaluate the effects of mulching on soil water content, maize performance and weed growth in dry land area of Bangladesh

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications

Place and Duration of Study: Central research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during November 2019 to April 2020.

Methodology: The experimental field is divided into 3 blocks to represent 3 replications. There are 6 unit plots (each unit plot consists of 3m ´ 2m area) in the experimental farm. Distances of 1 m and 0.5 m are maintained between replication to replication and plots to plots, respectively. Plant to plant and row to row distances are considered to be 0.25 m and 0.75 m, respectively. The treatments are assigned in random plots. The land is ploughed four times followed by laddering to have fine tilth of the soil. The maize cultivars Shuvra and KS-510 are used as plant materials. Fig. 1 represents the six mulch treatments are imposed on the plants: Control (without mulch, CK), water hyacinth dry (10 t/ha, WH), rice straw dry (10 t/ha, RS), black polythene (4m ´ 3m, BP), white polythene (4m ´ 3m, WP), and transparent polythene (4m ´ 3m, TP) (S2). The mulches are applied as per treatment in each plot just after sowing to maintaining an equal thickness throughout the plot. Dried and cleaned mulches are used before applying to the experiment. The significance of the difference among the treatment means were estimated by the MSTAT-C package programme at 5% level of probability.

Results: It is found in the experimental results that the soil water content of the no-mulching treatment is lower as compared to that of the other treatments from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths. It is also observed that the RS mulching provides the highest soil water content, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll contents, and total biomass. Significant enhancement of maize yield (20.55 ton/ha) is recorded for the rice straw mulching. In contrast, the weed dry weight of 7.45g/m2 is observed in the RS mulching, which is lower than the other treatments.

Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the RS mulching, compared to other mulching, would be more efficient for maximum utilization of limited water resources, weed suppression as well as to increase the maize yield. The present research approach would be applicable to manage the soil water for enhancing the maize production in dry land area.
Exergy Analysis of Passive Solar Distillation Unit in India at Udaipur
Authors: Kumar Raj , Jain Sudhir Kumar , Samar Kapil Kumar
Published: February 2022

The present research involved exergy analysis of a passive solar distillation unit. A developed unit of solar distillation of 40 litres of holding capacity was optimized for desired output of 5 litres of distilled water. Performance of the developed unit was observed during 8AM to 5PM. The solar still produced 4.5 litres of freshwater per day per m2. According to the thermal evaluation of the solar still, the maximum daily exergy efficiency was found to be 5.44%.
Effect of Lactoperoxidase Enzyme System in Improving Shelflife of Raw Milk from Dairy Farms in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Wigdan Omer , Almofti Yassir A. , Mustafa Elniema A.
Published: February 2022

Lactoperoxidase enzyme (LP) is a natural component in milk with broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity applications in in vivo and in vitro. LP system (LPS) was developed to eliminate the growth of bacterial pathogens and augment the shelf life of raw milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of activation of LPS on the growth and survival of bacterial pathogens and preserving raw milk quality. A checklist was developed and filled in ten farms at the time of milking to detect the hygienic measures in these farms. Two liters of milk were collected in sterile containers and warmed to 37°C/15min. LPS was activated by dissolving 40mg and 30mg of sodium thiocyanate and sodium percarbonate, respectively, in one liter of milk and followed by thorough mixing. 50ml from this liter of milk was added to two new containers and designated as group B and C. Moreover, group C was supplied with E. coli (106-107 cfu/ml). While milk in group D, LPS was not activated, instead milk was only supplied with E. coli (106-107 cfu/ml). Group A was considered as the control group (neither activated nor supplied with Escherichia coli). Tenfold serial dilution was performed to determine the bacterial total viable count (TVC) and milk clotting time (per seconds) in each group for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hrs. The TVC and the milk clotting time in each group were statistically expressed as pairs between the groups (A versus B; C versus D) with significance probability of P≤0.05. The checklist analysis reflected the bad hygiene measures in the dairy farms. For TVC, in 2hrs incubation; no significant difference was observed between group A versus group B. While group C versus group D showed high significant difference. After 4hrs incubation, TVC showed prominent significance difference between the control compared to group B. While group C versus group D showed no statistical significance differences. At 6hrs time period, a significant difference was observed between the compared groups. However, no significance differences were observed between the groups after 8hrs and 10hrs of incubation. For clotting time, in 2hrs incubation, a significant difference between the compared groups was observed. After 4hrs incubation, a significant difference between the control compared to group B was prominent, while group C versus group D showed no statistical differences in clotting time. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups after 6, 8 and 10hrs of incubation in the clotting times. Taken together these results indicated that the LPS system was efficient until 6hrs and could prolong milk shelf life and prevent milk clotting.
Effect of Gypsum & Bio-compost Applications on Relative Water Content in Rice Genotypes under Sodic Soil
Authors: Mali Suraj , Tiwari Sanjay
Published: February 2022

Sodic soils have immense productivity potential, if managed through proper technology interventions. Bio-compost is prepared by composting pressmud and gypsum received from waste material of mining can be used to reclaim sodic soils. Field experiments were conducted during the June-November of 2018 and 2019 at the ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Sub Regional Station, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. Experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four treatments i.e. T1(Control plots), T2 (Gypsum@100% G.R. amended plots), T3(Gypsum @ 50% G.R.+ Bio-compost @ 2.5 tha-1 amended plots), and T4(Biocompost @ 5.0 tha-1 amended plots) in main plots and ten rice genotypes G1(Suwasini), G2(Rajendra Bhagwati), G3(Boro-3), G4(Rajendra Neelam), G5(CSR-30), G6(CSR-36), G7(CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1), G8(CR-2851-SB-1-2-B-1), G9(CSR-27), and G10 (Pusa-44) in sub plots and replicated thrice. The promising results reveal that the mean of leaf relative water content at pre-flowering stage in the salt-tolerant genotypes ranged from 69.47 % to 82.20 % during 2018 and 69.52 % to 82.24 % during 2019. The mean of leaf relative water content at grain filling stage in all the genotypes varied between 77.55 % to 85.45 % during 2018 and 75.49 % to 85.16 % during 2019. Soil amendments and genotypes interaction was found significantly in both the years at grain filling stage.
Dry Matter Accumulation and Growth Indices of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) as Affected by Different Weed Management Practices and Plant Geometry
Authors: Choudhary Meena , Shivran A. C. , Kakraliya Manish , Choudhary Sheeshpal , Doodhwal Kiran
Published: February 2022

An experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, to get a suitable combination of sowing at different plant geometries and weed management. The experiment was managed in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised four plant geometries, viz. 50 x 20 cm, 50 x 25 cm, 60 x 15 cm and 60 x 20 cm and subplots consisted of six treatments of weed management, viz. weedy check, two hand weeding (HW) at 25 and 50 days after sowing (DAS), pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha pre emergence (PE), oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha (PE), pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha (PE) + one HW at 30 DAS and oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha (PE) + one HW at 30 DAS. Sowing of fennel with plant geometry 60 x 20 cm showed superior performance in respect of dry-matter accumulation, growth indices and yield as compared to plant geometries 50 x 20 cm, 50 x 25 cm and 60 x 15 cm. Among weed management treatments, hand weeding twice 25 and 50 DAS registered significantly highest dry matter accumulation, growth indices viz. crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and yield of fennel, thus, hold a great promise in fennel production under semi-arid conditions of Rajasthan.
Herd Structure and Incidence of Supernumerary Teats and Wattles in Smallholder Goat Production in Plateau State
Authors: Tom Danjuma Reuben , Elizabeth Ojoma Adejoh-Ubani , Nanbol Helen Daniel , Oziegbe Stanley David , Nwamo Akuchi Chidiadi , Onozasi Bello Muizzat
Published: February 2022

A study was conducted to determine the incidences of supernumerary teat and wattles in goat and the relationship between the two traits. The survey was conducted with 104 farmers having 948 goats. Attributes measured were herd, herd size, male, female, coat colour, long hair back, long hair at the thigh, long hair back and thigh region, udder pigmentation, beard, dam, tassel, farmer’s experiences on supernumerary teat, and tassel. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation in J.M.P genomics software. There was presence of more female goats in the herds than males in Plateau State. The incidence of supernumerary teat was 31.6% in does while incidence of wattle tassel was 37.4 %. The colour of white, tan, brown and black were low in frequency (1.88, 2.64 and 9.28%). Normal hair was significantly and positively correlated with long hairs at the back was significantly and positively correlated with beard and tassel in the does (P˂ 0.01; r= 0.42- 0.43). Beardness in the does was only (12.48 %) with majority being non-beard (87.52 %). In conclusion, this has emphasized the need for breeding soundness examination including mammary gland to identify and eliminate supernumenary teat during during community based genetic improvement of goats. A programmed should be organised for farmers on supernumerary teat and wattle in goats and their managerial approach.
The Effects MTHFR Gene Mutations on Vitamin B12 Concentration in the Blood; Bioinformatics Approach – A Review
Authors: Darwish Hassan Sadek , Khan Sara Maram , Badshah Jamal , Hussein Jomana , Almshlib Shahad , Abdelkarim Wasan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The protein encoded by MTHFR gene catalyzes the conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Genetic variation in this gene influences susceptibility to occlusive vascular disease; neural tube defects, colon cancer and acute leukemia. Also, mutations in this gene are associated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.

Methods: NCBI bioinformatics database application was used to search for MTHFR gene. Protein sequences were converted into DNA and mRNA. Protein sequences were analysed into DNA and mRNA. It includes information about the accession number, the number of amino acids in the protein product, the number of exons and the length of nucleotide. Also, nucleotide sequences and mRNA were included in FASTA format. Additionally, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) was used to compare the sequences of this gene in humans with other organisms like mouse.

Results: Human MTHFR gene can be studied through [Pan Troglodytes (chimpanzee)]. Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to several health problems including cardiovascular disease, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and pregnancy complications.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between MTHFR gene and vitamin B12 levels. Mutation in MTHFR gene has negatively impact vitamin B12 levels and methylation pathway, which affects the conversion process of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, several health complications are caused by the observed increases in the levels of homocysteine.
Incidence of POUR in Patients Having Undergone Elective Spinal Surgery
Authors: Kashyap Milind , Balasubramaniam Navin
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To determine the incidence of POUR (post operative urine retention) in patients that have undergone elective spinal surgeries.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics and was done by reviewing the post operative records of 150 patients that had undergone elective spinal surgery in the past 8 months and prospectively checked for POUR afterward.

Results: The end results show that out of the total number of patients studied, which is 148, (excluding 2 according to the exclusion criteria), 14 developed POUR at the end of the 8-month study while 134 remained unaffected, making the total incidence to be 9.4% for this study.
The Pattern of using Oral Rehydration Salts in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Fouda Dina I. , Foudah Ahmed I.
Published: February 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the pattern of using oral rehydration salts in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj.

Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at outpatient department in Al-kharj. The study included all of the patients who received oral rehydration salts in the outpatient pharmacy between January and July 2018.

Results: From January/2018 to June/2018, 416 patients received oral rehydration salts (oral rehydration solution) from the outpatient pharmacy of the hospital. More than half of the patients who received oral rehydration salt were males (59.62%). Most of the patients were less than 10 years old (71.15%). Most of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (99.28%) and most of the physicians who prescribed oral rehydration salts were residents (99.28%).

Conclusion: The present study showed that oral rehydration salts were commonly used in Al-kharj. Further studies are needed to explore the frequency of using oral rehydration salts in different settings.
Evaluation and Correlation of Pulpal Calcification in the Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Vidarbha Region, India
Authors: Loya Parul , Nikhade Pradnya
Published: February 2022

Background: The dental pulp is soft tissue enclosed in the hard tissues of teeth. Calcification occurring in the body affects the dental pulp too. Pulp undergoes calcification as whole or in discrete masses known as denticles or pulp stones. Pulp stones are nodular, calcified masses seen more frequently in coronal pulp than radicular pulp. Pulp stones can vary from small structures embedded in pulp tissue to large masses.

Aim: To evaluate and correlate the pulpal calcification with cardiovascular diseases in the patients using radiograph in Vidarbha region.

Objectives:

To evaluate the presence of pulpal calcification in the patients with cardiovascular disease using Ortho-pantomogram images.

To co-relate the radiological findings with the cardiovascular disorders.

Methodology:   The present study comprises of 30 patients out of whom 15 patients will be in test group and 15 patients in control group. The test group will consist of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and control group will consist of healthy patients with no significant medical history. Ortho-pantomogram will be taken of each participant and the anterior and posterior teeth will be assessed for any pulp calcification and obliteration of pulp chamber and root canals.

Expected Results: Positive correlation is expected between pulp calcification and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion: Positive correlation can be found between the occurrence of pulpal calcifications and cardiovascular disease. Hence the occurrence of pulpal calcifications can be used to predict the future chances of cardiovascular diseases in the otherwise normal person. Early detection of pulp calcification can be used as a tool to predict the disease and will help in taking possible steps to avoid the future episodes of heart diseases.
Prevalence of the Use of Particulate Graft versus Block Bone Graft in Ridge Augmentation: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Abitha S. Tasleem , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Kumar M. Naveen
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the prevalence of the use of particulate graft versus block bone graft in ridge augmentation.

Introduction: Ridge augmentation is a process of replacing the lost bone of residual ridge by grafting natural or synthetic material. Dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after extraction often compromises on achieving optimal implant stability and placement of implants in the right prosthodontic positions. These situations demand augmentation of the residual ridge to achieve successful implant placement and long-term survival.

Materials and Methods: Case sheets of thirty-eight patients who had underwent ridge augmentation procedure were analysed for the study. The collected data was statistically analysed using chi square test and the results were obtained. SPSS software was used for obtaining the results.

Results and Discussion: Majority of the participants in the study were around the age 15-30 years. Around 74% of the participants have undergone particulate bone graft rather than block bone graft. From the study it is proven that around 81% of the augmentation type are for the hard tissue.

Conclusion: Hence from the study it is proven that particulate graft is more commonly opted than block bone graft.
Comparison of Pre-determined Question Paper with Take Home Question Paper to Evaluate the Efficacy of Writing Skill in Final BDS Student
Authors: Durge Khushboo , Ikhar Anuja , Pathak Swanand , Daigavane Pallavi , Bajaj Pavan
Published: February 2022

Background: Exams have always been a trigger point of stress and anxiety in a large population of students irrespective to their field of study. An effort should be put to make exams a source of learning rather than a mental trauma. Apart from just securing high scores, exams has a paramount advantages. Exams aid in strong memory confidence, practical implications competitive Spiritand time management. This would definitely contributes to the overall development of an individual’s personality. Therefore, with this hypothesis the current study will be conducted.

Study Design: Cross- sectional observational Study.

Methodology: A total of 100 Final BDS students will be randomly divided into two groups equally. Each group will be including 50 students. Group A will be given Take home   exam to write and Group B will be given pre-determined question paper. Students will be asked to solve the given paper in 3 hours. The answer papers will be then evaluated by subject expert. The writing skill would be analysed based on the check list created. At the end of every month feedback will collected by all the students. At the end of the academic year the performances of both the group will evaluated in final university exam. Soon after the writing the paper feedback will be collected

Expected Outcome: At the end of academic session pre-determined question paper (Group B) might be giving better outcome in terms of improved writing skills and feedback from students.

Conclusion: Pre-determined question paper (Group B) might be helpful for Final BDS students to improve writing exam skills.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of (4Z)-2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-arylidene-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one Compounds
Authors: More Vishal. S. , Mishra Pranali A. , Rangari Nalanda T. , Vaidhun Bhaskar H. , Chavan Machindra J.
Published: February 2022

Pyrazoles are reported to be well known pharmacophores. This has motivated the synthesize some of the pyrazole derivatives by using hydrazine hydrate as well as adding benzimidazole in pyrazoles. A series of (4Z)-2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-arylidene-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones (IIIa3 to IIIe3) was synthesized by conventional method by refluxing compounds (IIIa2-IIIe2) with  O-Phenylene diamine in absolute ethanol.  A series of compounds (IIIa2-IIIe2) was prepared by reacting compounds (IIIa1-IIIe1) with chloroacetic acid. A series of (4E)-4-arylidene-5-methyl-2,4–dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones (IIIa1-IIIe1) was prepared by the reaction between 5-methyl-2,4-dihydro- 3H-pyrazol-3-one (II) and  different aldehydes in presence of Sodium acetate. All of the compounds were synthesised with high yields (58-80%) and identified using IR, 1H NMR spectrum data, as well as C, H, and N elemental analyses. At varying MIC values, all of the produced compounds showed antibacterial and antifungal activity, as well as analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Anticonvulsant, CNS depressive, ulcerogenic, and anthelmintic properties are thought to be exhibited by the produced compounds.
Recouping Maternal and Child Nutrition: Mitigation Strategies in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumar S. S. Lokesh , Sharath U. , Hanitha R.
Published: February 2022

The global health and economycontinues to devastate because of COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has a huge impact on access to appropriate nutritive foods, essential interventions and poverty. There arises a significant concern that the COVID – 19 pandemic and its repercussions have had a bad impact on the women and children’s nutrional status and this could worsen over the time. There are 149 million children under 5 years of age who are stunted according to the current estimates. Now COVID-19 threatens to reverse or halt further more. The effects on the linear growth in children and stunting could be more than the short-term effects of under nutrition if left unaddressed. Prioritizing nutrition for vulnerable children and women is of prime importance. Re-strategizing and reprioritizing investments forthe COVID-19 erashould be together done by the development partners, donors and governments using data-driven decision making.
A Study of Glucose Tolerance Test, Body Mass Index and Waist Hip Ratio as a Marker of Pre-Diabetes
Authors: Gokhale Vijayashree S. , Yadav Ponvijaya M. , Parati Rupesh , Mahajan Dhiral R. , Malik Atiullah
Published: February 2022

Background: India is becoming the “Diabetes Capital of the World”. Younger and younger individuals are being diagnosed with Diabetes. This study was planned to diagnose prediabetes in younger individuals having positive family history with aim of encouraging to develop lifestyle modifications to delay progression to Diabetes.

Aims: To study prediabetes in first degree relatives (FDR) of diabetic patients in the group of 30-45 years by glucose tolerance test (GTT), body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR).

Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Department of general medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Pune 18 from July 2019-september 2021.

Methodology: This study conducted in a semi-urban Teaching Hospital in Maharashtra, India. 100 asymptomatic first-degree relatives (31 women, 69 men) age group 30-45 years, of diabetic patients were selected for study after informed consent. The study participants were clinically examined and subjected to OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) and BMI, WHR were calculated. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Software version 20.

Results: In our study, out of 100 participants 61% study subjects were overweight having a BMI of 25-29.90 and 13% were obese. 65% subjects had raised Waist to hip ratio. 36 subjects had raised fasting Blood sugar level (BSL) and 40% had raised 2hr BSL on OGTT and incidence of diabetes and prediabetes were 14% and 26% respectively.

Conclusion: Significant correlation of Prediabetes was seen with abnormal OGTT, Raised Fasting Blood glucose, raised BMI. We found higher incidence of Prediabetes in those with Maternal Diabetes.
Study on Effectiveness of Blastocyst Transfer over Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer in Patients with Failed Conception
Authors: Chokhandre Rajvee R. , More Akash , Salve Mehul , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: February 2022

Background: IVF has been proved a blessing for many couples.   Embryo selection and transfer are key steps in ART. In-vitro fertilization includes embryo transfer either at cleavage stage (day2/ day3) or at blastocyst stage (day5). Implantation rate can be improved by transferring blastocyst stage embryo. Implantation rate may decrease after repeated unsuccessful implantation. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Blastocyst Transfer in patients with history of failed Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer.

Methodology: This will be an observational study conducted at Wardha Test Tube Baby Centre, AVBRH.  40 infertile women with history of previous IVF failure will be included in the study. Embryo Transfer will be done at blastocyst stage and βhcg level  will be measured on 14th day of embryo transfer.

Expected Results: We expect that blastocyst stage embryo transfer may give more positive result compare cleavage transfer. We predict that transferring embryo at blastocyst stage may increase implantation and pregnancy rate.

Conclusion: Blastocyst stage embryo transfer is effective compared to Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer.
Pregnancy Related Heart Diseases: A Review
Authors: Priya G. Sasi , Priyadharshini R. , Sinduja Palati
Published: February 2022

To summarise the literature regarding susceptibility of pregnant women to heart disease, we have conducted a review using a PubMed search and other strategies during the month of february 2021. Studies were included if they reported information on heart disease in pregnant women pregnant existing conditions which can predispose the pregnant woman to cardiovascular disease included hypertension, diabetes mellitus and congenital heart disease. Women often present with symptoms and signs of acute heart failure. On the other hand there is a disease which is directly related to pregnancy such as hypertension disorder of pregnancy and peripartum cardiomyopathy or where pregnancy increases risk of a disease as example, the risk of a myocardial infarction. This review summarises the knowledge about awareness on pregnancy related heart disease.
A Demographic Profile of ACS Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction in North Indian Population
Authors: Arambam Priyadarshini , Alok Anshu , Taneja Neha , Ranjan Priya , Janardhanan Rajiv , Kaul Upendra
Published: February 2022

Background: Thyroid disorders have an important bearing on the cardiovascular (CV) system leading to hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart rhythm disorders, obesity etc. Data regarding the influence of subclinical hypothyroidism and CV disease and outcomes have been conflicting. Since subclinical hypothyroidism is seen often in clinical syndromes of coronary artery disease, we undertook this study to evaluate the overall prevalence and demography of patients admitted with the diagnosis of ACS in a North Indian population.

Methods: We studied consecutive 171 hospitalized patients between March 2018 to February 2020 with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to determine the features of thyroid dysfunction both clinical and sub-clinical and the associated biochemical parameters. All patients underwent complete medical history of cardiac risk factors for developing CAD. Thyroid function Tests - free T3, free T4 and TSH were collected from all the patients within 24 hours of admission to CCU.

Results: Forty (23%) of these patients had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the commonest abnormality seen in 26 (23%), followed by overt hypothyroidism 12 (9%). Hyperthyroidism was uncommon (1.5%). Euthyroid sick syndrome was seen in 4% and these patients were excluded. 

There was a predilection for the elderly population (females 52%).  STEMI (52%) followed by NSTEMI (25%) was the commonest diagnosis at presentation. A significant correlation was seen with serum lipid levels (decreased HDL C, Increased total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL C) and hypothyroidism. However, there was no correlation ship with LDL C.

Reduced e glomerular filtration rate (e GFR) which was seen in 50% of patients had a linear relationship with hypothyroidism. Patients with hypothyroidism had no differences in the prevalence of concomitant diabetes and hypertension. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the group of patients had a trend to be lower.

Conclusions: Hypothyroidism seems to be an important risk factor in patients with ACS, especially STEMI.  The impairment of renal function was also prominent in these patients. These patients also suffered from impaired renal function.
A Comprehensive Review of the Ocular Manifestation and Role of Shalakya in Managing Novel Corona Virus 2019 Disease
Authors: Chandankhede Amit W. , Bhutada Roshna , Sune Pradeep
Published: February 2022

A Novel corona virus (CoV) in December 2019 cause with the aid of using the sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus -2 (SARS-Cov-2) emerged from Wuhan China. The Coronavirus Pandemic has become the globals interest the immune mechine, The Body’s Defense Mechanism towards Disease inflicting virus & different organism that we contact inquest & Inhale each day [1]. ‘The idea of epidemic become very a whole lot properly outline in Ayurved Charaka the fantastic health practitioner of every ages has referred to epidemic Diseases beneath Neath the Heading of Janapadodhwans. In gift time whilst there may be no Absolute remedy for the virus whilst there may be no 100% vaccine safety proved, The Role Ayurved Stand ideally suited .Shalakya one the Eight Branches of Ayurved has an ideally suited function in preventing in opposition to the lethal Novel corona Virus. Ayurved Drugs are capable of enhance the immunity & combat in opposition to the Infection in a far powerful manner. The predominant goal to the assessment to recognized ocular Manifestation & Role of shalakya in coping with novel corona virus 2019.
Antidiabetic and Antiinflammatory Potentials of Sida Acuta Leaf Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Shankar Preethi , Gayathri R. , Selvaraj J. , Priya V. Vishnu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sida acuta is known as common wireweed, and has a pantropical distribution. Antioxidants fight against free radicals and prevent a variety of diseases. Anti Inflammatory reaction is the ability of a substance to reduce swelling or inflammation. Antidiabetic substances are defined as agents which help in maintaining the level of glucose in the blood.

Aim: Present study was aimed at assessing the in vitro antidiabetic and antiinflammatory potentials of Sida acuta leaf ethanolic extract. 

Methods: Sida acuta was purchased and its ethanolic extract was prepared. Protein denaturation inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory assays were carried out in order to check in vitro antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity spectrophotometrically..  The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance  (ONE-WAY ANOVA) to see the statistical significant among the different concentrations of extract. P<0.05 levels were considered as statistical significance.

Results: The extract of Sida acuta was compared with aspirin and an antiinflammatory reaction was analysed. Statistically significant at the levels of p < 0.05.The extract proved to contain antiinflammatory and antioxidant reactions. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase activity was analysed by comparing the extract with metformin.

Conclusion: Sida acuta can be used for the management and treatment of various diseases and disorders. It can be used for the treatment of diabetes and cancer.
Comparative Assessment of P. gingivalis Level in Periodontit is Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus- A PCR based Study
Authors: Shruthi M. , Jeevitha M. , Jayakumar N. D. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Periodontal diseases if left untreated can lead to tooth loss with the main cause being bacterial plaque. Among the subgingival plaque bacterial species, Porphyromonasgingivalis has been implicated as a major etiological agent causing tooth loss. Diabetic patients are at high risk for periodontal disease. Our aim was to compare the involvement of P. gingivalis in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients associated with periodontitis and to compare them with periodontitis patients having no other systemic pathologies.

Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from a total of 8 patients were collected. DNA was isolated from the collected samples and was quantified using RT-PCR for standardizing the polymerase chain reaction. Paired t test was performed using the statistical software Graphpad prism (Version 7.0).

Results: There was a statistically significant level of P. gingivalis seen in periodontitis patients having DM (p=0.0053), whereas the least score was seen in periodontitis patients without DM.

Conclusion: Poor glycemic control, as indicated by HbA1c≥7%, is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of subjects with DM.
Knowledge, Attitude & Practice of Ultrasonic Bone Surgery (Piezo electric) among Dentists in the State Tamilnadu- KAP Study
Authors: Cynthia R. A. Jenifer , Rathinasamy Kadhiresan , Ulaganathan Arunmozhi , Ramamurthy Shanmuga Priya , Kumar G. Kishore , Kumar J. Arun
Published: February 2022

Background:

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice of Ultrasonic bone surgery (piezo electric) among dentist in the state of Tamilnadu.

Methods: A set of 29 questions was sent to dentists in and around Tamilnadu. The questionnaire was circulated digitally (Google forms & emails) and responses were recorded. 125 dentists participated in the study, among them 21 dentists were excluded since they did not have any awareness about piezo surgery or the equipment used.

Statistical Analysis: The basic data was expressed used using frequency with percentages and by diagrams. For expressing   quantitative variable, mean and standard deviation were used. Kruskal wallis test was used to compare whether knowledge score differed by characteristics of the selected variables and Dunn’s post hoc test was applied to find out which of the characteristics were statistically significant.  All the statistical analysis were done using XLSTAT 2014 software

Results: 63% of the dentists had adequate knowledge regarding piezo surgery and 53% of the dentists were currently using piezotome in their dental practice and 47% of dentists use it for harvesting bone grafts and 86% have complimented that it was less traumatic to the hard tissues. 81% felt that patient compliance was better compared to traditional methods like osteotome and chisel. Majority of the dentists showed a positive attitude towards piezosurgery and they extended their willingness to update their knowledge furthermore and emphasized that the concept of piezosurgery, its usage and its advantages should be given adequate importance in future dental education.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that knowledge and attitude towards piezosurgery was good among the dental professionals, but the actual practice of it is still deficient. This could be probably because of the lack of training in the dental schools, which could be overcome by including piezo surgery in dental curriculum and conducting workshops for improvising the skill of the dentists.
Estimation of Serum Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Levels as Prognostic Markers in Cirrhosis of Liver: A Study Protocol
Authors: Pawar Twinkle , Sarode Rajesh , Kirnake Vijendra , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Bawankule Shilpa , Wanjari Anil , Agrawal Sachin
Published: February 2022

Background: Cirrhosis of the liver is final stage of chronic liver disease [1], which can lead to complications associated with portal hypertension and liver failure. In a much remunerated state, the cirrhotic patient maintains close association to traditional solution and acid–base standing, however this delicate balance may be discontinuous by malady progression, infection, dietary indiscretion/deprivation, or medicine intervention. Many mineral metabolism disorders are represented in relation with hepatic diseases. This study aims to estimate the levels of Sodium, Potassium and Calcium in Cirrhosis of Liver and correlate them with severity of cirrhosis and in-hospital morbidity and mortality.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study is planned to be carried out in Medicine department, AVBRH, Wardha. Total 50 patients with liver diseases will be enrolled. The lab. investigations will include different parameters of liver function tests along with assessment of sodium, potassium and calcium level. Child-Pugh, end-stage liver disease scores model will be determined using required formulas. All such patients’ in-hospital death records will be collected. Data will be collected and analyzed. The mean and standard deviations of the measurements per cluster will be used for applied analysis (SPSS twenty-two.00 for windows; SPSS INC, Chicago, USA). For every assessment purpose, data will be statistically analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Distinction between 2 groups determined using student t-test similarly as chi sq. test (p <.05).

Expected Results: We expect significant correlation between the level of Na, K and Calcium with in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients of cirrhosis.

Conclusion: Serum levels of calcium, potassium and sodium should be integrated into model for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients of cirrhosis. Considering that prognostic accuracy of elements may well be comparatively modest, any studies ought to confirm clinical quality of liquid body substance sodium, potassium, and Ca concentrations.
A Study Protocol for Estimating the Association of De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT) with Outcomes in Patients of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nimkar Shubham , Varma Anuj , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Wanjari A. K. , Bawankule Shilpa
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the clinical endpoints of atherosclerosis is stroke, the most prominent clinical manifestation of cerebrovascular disease. It is a cerebral blood vessel disease that nourishes the brain. A global health concern is stroke. It is the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide and the fourth leading cause of disability. The underlying pathophysiology in most ischemic strokes is atherosclerosis. Few studies have shown that high AST/ALT ratio was independently corelated with the  increased danger of complication and death in cerebrovascular event patients. This research aims to assess the correlation of De Ritis ratio in cases of acute ischaemic stroke at admission and their prognosis at 3 months.

Methodology: This will be a observational cross sectional study. About 65 patients with  signs suggestive of acute ischemic will be examined. A comprehensive laboratory examination will be carried out. For confirmation of the diagnosis, all patients will undergo CT SCAN or MRI assessment. The primary results of stroke severity on admission will be obtained according to the NIHSS scale. The ranking for NIHSS would be dichotomized to less than 5 and more than 5. For all cases diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, AST/ALT RATIO will be computed. Data will be analysed with relevant statistical tests.

Results Expected: We expect a significant correlation between serum de-Ritis ratio and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke.
Measurement of Salivary Lipid Peroxidation in Periodontitis Patients with or Without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Raj V. P. R. B. Ranjith , Jeevitha M. , Jayakumar N. D. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the association of lipid peroxidation in the saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the subjects who visited the University dental hospital as outpatients from October 2020 to January 2021.The subjects were categorized into 3 groups: periodontally healthy (Group a), Periodontitis with diabetes mellitus (Group b) and Periodontitis only (Group c)

Results: Lipid peroxidation levels were found to be significantly higher (p<0.021 which is statistically significant) in patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (108 + 7.1) when compared to patients with periodontitis only (77 + 3.5) and healthy group (66+5.6).

Conclusion: The study concluded that lipid peroxidation levels are elevated in patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus compared to periodontitis only and also when compared to periodontal health which indicate that lipid peroxidation levels could serve as a biomarker for periodontitis in diabetic patients.
Impact of Hayes Martin Maneuver and Anterograde Dissection on Identification and Preservation of Marginal Mandibular Nerve during Neck Dissection in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shinde Sumeet , Bhola Nitin , Borle Rajiv
Published: February 2022

Background: Hayes Martin maneuver (HMM) and Anterograde dissection technique (ADT) were originally described in 1951 as a means of preserving the marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) during level 1B clearance in a neck dissection procedure address the cervical metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Objectives: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of HMM and ADT in preservation of MMN using Electromyography of muscles supplied by the nerve ie Mentalis, Depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris, to evaluate muscle function.

Methodology: 20 patients undergoing neck dissection over a period of 6 months grouped were into two groups (10 patients for Hayes Martin manoeuvre and 10 patients for anterograde dissection technique) calculated by purposive sampling method. Postoperative Electromyography and assessment of nerve function using House and Brackmann grading was done on day 5,15 and 30.

Expected Results: HMM proves to be a less time consuming technique than Anterograde dissection by a significant margin considering perifacial node clearance and level 1B clearance. Anterograde dissection technique proved to be more effective than Hayes Martin Maneuver for preservation of MMN as average neuromuscular electrical activity in anterograde dissection cases was higher than the average of HMM cases. Although, no significant statistical difference was found when the neural function was compared on a house and brackmann grading scale

Conclusion: Anterograde dissection technique is technique sensitive, relatively time consuming and requires a higher surgical operator skill. However, provides statistically proven better results in terms of neural electric activity and post-operative functional neural deficit in the operated subjects.