bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En dags praksis: Hvordan bidra til at studentene finner sammenhengen mellom teori og den virkelige verden?
Authors: Røthe Randi Hojem
Published: April 2020

This chapter revolves a one-day practice for 200 pedagogy students at three primary schools in the municipality. The practice is completed in March when the students have studied the vocation for eight months. Lectures and seminars build up to this takeover in advance. The week before the day of practice, the students are out in the practice schools and observe the class they are going to take over and talk to the teachers at the school.
Practice reports, reflection notes and logbook notes show that no matter what we do to link theory to practice at class, it is the one day in the role of teachers at a school that seems to make the big difference. When students become responsible for a class, they behave in a completely different way than when they are responsible for teaching fellow students. At the practice school, they show up well in advance and take the responsibility they have received. The students’ behaviour after the school takeover may indicate that the experiences from the real world, with associated responsibility, have given increased understanding of the vocation, which in turn contributes to increased motivation for the study programme.
Hva kan praksisnær undervisning være?
Authors: Halvorsen Grethe Salicath
Published: April 2020

The concept of practice-oriented learning is not used very consistently in contemporary literature. There are numerous and non-uniform descriptions of what it is. This contribution revolves around what it can be. The literature describes this mainly as an attempt to marry theory and practice and create a more comprehensive understanding. Integration is a frequently used word and often it is the vocational practice that is meant by practice. Nor does Norwegian parliamentary report no. 16 from 2016/17 give anything but a relatively superficial glance of the fact that active students learn the most and best when they experience proximity to people’s reality and when its scenarios are naturally integrated into the teaching. I suggest that we question our applied concepts and grasp the experience, and see it in the light of implicit and explicit knowledge, tacit or articulated knowledge, internalism and externalism, and participant and spectator – well-known concepts in epistemology. I look at what the student «does and undergoes» in her/his learning process as a tool for realizing the knowledge on the inside and searching outside it with the goal of placing it within the whole. The exchange between inside and outside is important for understanding the practice as a phenomenon – from thinking about it, to thinking and acting with it.
Veiledningssamtale for første års studenter: Et innspill til praksisnærhet og studiekvalitet
Authors: With Anne-Lise
Published: April 2020

This chapter deals with counselling for first-year students as a way to strengthen motivation and mastery. Based on the model ForVei – preparatory counselling, it is argued for the relevance of the counselling conversation as a part of follow-up and study programme quality in higher education and the time of mass education. ForVei is based on the basic values MSHRL – Met, Seen, Heard, Respected, Equal, which is central to the way the conversation is conducted. It is the student’s motivation, mastery and well-being that are the main focus of ForVei, which is now practiced at several universities in Norway, such as the University of Oslo and Nord University. The chapter contains examples from our own research project on ForVei – counselling at INN University, where career guidance is a theme, as well. In the perspective of the student’s motivation and experience, counselling and learning theory are used, among others, with Vance Peavy’s constructivist Socio-Dynamic Counselling and Mark S. Savicka’s concept of self-efficacy. The latter, for example, helps to shed light on differences in self-perception and belief in one’s own resources and abilities. The chapter deals with these and other topics in light of study programme quality and ForVei – counselling for first-year students.
Seminar som undervisningsform i høgere utdanning
Authors: Røisehagen Anne
Published: April 2020

Seminar is a form of teaching that is widely used in universities and university colleges in Norway. The article asks three questions about the seminar as a form of teaching: what is a seminar, how can seminars be used, and why should seminars be used as a teaching method in higher education. The article’s empirical data is taken from a case study conducted by the author, and revolves seminars as a learning arena in higher education. The chapter refers to a concrete programme and the conduction of a seminar in order to shed light on the importance of student-active learning forms. In addition, references are made to statements from both vocational teachers and students who have participated in the research study. Through analysis of empirical findings and concrete examples, theory is mainly derived from collaborative learning, situated learning and the importance of reflection for learning. One of the main findings is that seminars must be well planned, there must be high commitment on the vocational teachers’ part, and there must be a clear connection between themes in lectures and seminars. The students experience that they gain an understanding of the connection between theory and practice by having a lecture on one day, and a seminar built on the same theme two days later. The students also express through evaluation that they experience the seminars as educational, engaging, challenging and motivating.
Å skrive om hendelser fra egen praksis
Authors: Skjeseth Eli
Published: April 2020

In this chapter, 60 reflection notes written by 20 students of continuing education for advisors in NAV are analysed. The research question is: What do the texts tell about the students’ learning within the relationship between theory and practice? The intention of the chapter is to shed light on how the writing activity affects the students’ thinking about their practice. The analysis follows two axes: on the one hand, the level of learning found in the texts is examined – how the learning is expressed in changes in behaviour/actions, and in thinking/assessment. The second axis shows the students’ capacity for abstraction (theory formation) and for concretization based on theories. When these axes are put together, four categories emerge, which show different nuances in the relationship between theory and practice: 1) Synthesis (think ‘up’), 2) Analysis (think ‘down’), 3) Concepts promoted for practice, and 4) Testing of new methods.
The analysis shows that the students commute unproblematically between these categories. Practice is both a necessary breeding ground for learning and a benchmark for learning. Practice does not contradict theory. The writing activity helps to clarify theory and develop students’ abstraction abilities. The teachers’ responsibility is to formulate high quality assignment texts that bind together theory and practice and that would prompt the students to stretch their mental borders. The analysis categories developed in this chapter can help teachers successfully face this task.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR OF MEAT: IN VITRO, THE MEAT OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Bailone Ricardo Lacava , Fukushima Hirla Costa Silva , Roça Roberto De Oliveira , Borra Ricardo Carneiro , Aguiar Luís Kluwe de
Published: April 2020

Current methods of meat production are related to many environmental problems. Since the beginning of the last century, the in vitro production of cellular tissues has been speculated, and in 2013 the first bovine hamburger produced from stem cells was presented to the world in the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands. Since then, many companies have begun to invest in the idea, as this type of technology tends to dominate the meatmarket in the near future, as planet Earth no longer supports the demand for environmental resources for food production. For the continuity of humanity, alternative animal protein production techniques must be adopted, with in vitro meat production being an alternative to climate change and environmental problems faced bymankind at the beginning of this century, through better management of natural resources, inevitable for the future of the next generations. Thus, this review aims to present this innovative technology, as well as its trends and barriers.
INNOVATION THE PRACTICES OF CONSTRUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOODS: JARDIM DAS PERDIZES, SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL
Authors: Mizutani Meriellen Nuvolari Pereira , Maróstica Juliana Rodrigues , Oliveira Carlos Alberto Nunes de , Paulin Mario Chiarastelli , Purificação Rafael Alexandre Do Nascimento , Conti Diego De Melo , Cortese Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi , Paschoalin Filho Joao Alexandre
Published: April 2020

The growth of the population's demand for urbanization besides the globalization of the economy and technology, leads to the depletion of natural resources, requiring a new vision of business focused on sustainability. In this scenario, the Civil construction has been acting in a participatory way in designing and thinking, aiming to reduceimpacts to the environment. The Jardim das Perdizes neighborhood, located in the Barra Funda region of São Paulo, is the first to receive the AQUA certification of sustainable neighborhood, and has several constructive techniques and equipment bringing improvement and economics of the use of natural resources, with Predictedrates of reduction of 35% of water consumption and 25% of energy consumption, in addition to the high performance of buildings, spaces and equipment. Moreover, within the undertaking there is also a park donated to the public sector with complete infrastructure, integrating the leisure space with the interrelations of society andthe ways of thinking sustainability. It is possible to observe with the study that the actions of fostering sustainable constructions benefit the environment with the reduction of raw material consumption and non-renewable resources, to the population with more planned and better income spaces and to the market Real estate, valuingbuildings.
Реактивность μ-ритма ЭЭГ у детей при имитации движений визуальных образов биологического и небиологического происхождения
Authors: Кайда А. И. , Михайлова А. А. , Эйсмонт Е. В. , Джаппарова Л. Л. , Павленко В. Б.
Published: April 2020

В настоящее время актуальна разработка интерфейсов мозг-компьютер, основанных на использовании параметров реактивности сенсомоторных ритмов ЭЭГ и предназначенных для реабилитации людей с нарушениями двигательных функций, в том числе детей. Целью работы было проанализировать реактивность μ-ритма ЭЭГ в индивидуально определенном частотном диапазоне у детей при имитации движений визуальных образов биологического и небиологического происхождения. ЭЭГ регистрировали во фронтальных, центральных и париетальных областях коры у 136 нормально развивающихся детей-правшей 4–15 лет в состоянии двигательного покоя, а также при самостоятельном выполнении и имитации движений с помощью компьютерной мыши. При выполнении детьми самостоятельных движений компьютерной мышью (F1, 132 = 31,17; p < 0,001) и при осуществлении концентрических перемещений цветного круга (F1, 132 = 90,34; p < 0,001) развивается десинхронизация μ-ритма во фронтальных, центральных и париетальных областях неокортекса. При имитации движений визуальных образов небиологического происхождения, по сравнению с заданием на выполнение самостоятельных движений, была выявлена синхронизация μ-ритма (F1, 132 = 12,65; p < 0,001). При подражании движениям визуальных образов биологического происхождения относительно самостоятельных движений выявлена десинхронизация μ-ритма (F1, 132 = 9,58; p = 0,002). Данные эффекты имели свои особенности в группах детей 4–6, 7–9, 10–12 и 13–15 лет. Результаты исследования показывают целесообразность учета возрастных особенностей реактивности μ-ритма и характера предъявляемых зрительных стимулов при разработке программного обеспечения интерфейсов мозг-компьютер.
Ideological Foundations of French Colonial Policy in the Maghreb Countries in the XIX – First Half of the XX Centuries
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University, Zherlitsyna Natalya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the history of the colonial doctrine formation in France in the XIX – first half of the XX centuries. France, one of the largest colonial empires in the world, based its ideology in this sphere on the universalist egalitarian values of the revolution of 1789. It was the Maghreb countries – Algeria and Tunisia – that became test sites for two successively replaced ideological doctrines – assimilation and association. The paper explores the reasons why the French failed to implement virtually the principles of assimilation in Algeria. Intolerance and disregard for other cultures in this theory had catastrophic, irreversible consequences for Algerian society, tarnished the theory reputation and condemned its demise. By the outbreak of World War I, the association had become a proclaimed doctrine of French native politics instead of assimilation. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that the long-term consequences of French colonial policy remain a source of social, cultural and political tension between France and its former colonies. The novelty of the study is in the analysis of recent foreign research papers.
Sociocultural Factors of Lomonosov Moscow State University Architectural Ensemble Formation in the Middle of the 20th Century
Authors:   Moscow State National Research University of Civil Engineering, Gatsunayev Konstantin Nikolayevich
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses political, economic and socio-cultural conditions for the development and implementation of the Moscow state university ensemble in Vorobyevy (Lenin) Gory. The purpose of the work is to reveal the sociocultural significance of the Moscow State University ensemble (1949–1953) as the result of the impact of historically related factors, as well as specific circumstances that have arisen in post-war Soviet society. The basis of the study is a systemic approach, combining analysis and synthesis methods, in which the essential features and properties of the Moscow State University ensemble are considered as an object of cultural heritage. This problem is relevant in the modern discussions arising from various approaches to the theory and practice analysis of architectural and urban planning activities of the mid-20th century. The set of factors that contributed to the formation of the new Moscow State University complex was not given due consideration in philosophical and cultural discourse. The problem is studied based on the research materials of historians, cultural scientists and philosophers involved in the analysis of the domestic architecture development in the 20th century. The source base is memoir literature. The author offers his conclusions about the factors influenced the process of development and implementation of the project of Moscow state university architectural ensemble.
Socio-Philosophical Analysis of Definitions and Typology of the Extremism Phenomenon
Authors:   Baltic State Technical University ‘VOENMEH’, Klyuev Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2020

Any extremist activity is a factor in undermining the political, economic, social and spiritual foundations of society. The analysis of official materials and statistics on this issue gives reason to suggest that the scale, mobility of extremist activity and its geography have increased significantly over the past twenty years. This article discusses the essence and classification of the concept of extremism. It is noted that a single definition of the phenomenon of "extremism" has not been worked out. The author concludes that numerous discussions on the definition of extremism and its typologization reveal the complexity and danger of this problem. Simultaneously, it is obvious that the lack of a unified interpretation of extremism creates certain barriers to the legislative process and law enforcement practice. In the author’s interpretation, modern extremism is a ‘mode of activity’, a complex structured phenomenon, which is not always possible to be reviewed in one typology.
Ethical Alternatives to Homo Economicus (Reflection on S. Bowles’ Book “The Moral Economy: Why Good Incentives are No Substitute for Good Citizens”)
Authors:   Belgorod National State Research University, Govorun Elena Dmitrievna
Published: April 2020

The study presents the new work of an American interdisciplinary researcher, S. Bowles, “Moral Economics. Why good incentives will not replace good citizens”. An interpretatively opened status of the work is justified, in which the identification of the ethical meanings of the classical philosophy of economics (ancient paradigms, works by N. Machiavelli, A. Smith, D. Hume, etc.) with relevant empirical contexts of economic behavior, being morally free, irreducible to the rationality of material incentives, is productively combined. The symbolic structures of social and humanitarian forms of economic thinking are presented by S. Bowles through the image of homo economicus, the dichotomy of good and evil, the metaphor of living civic culture, etc. It is shown that S. Bowles is reinterpreting the concept of moral economics pointing to both the ethical content of classical political and economic theories and the impact that these theories can have on practically oriented economic thinking.
Consumer Cooperation in Bashkiria During the Monetary Reform of 1947
Authors: Antoshkin Anatoly Vasilyevich
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the development of consumer cooperation in Bashkiria in the post-war years. Based on documents of the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which had never been subjected to scientific scrutiny, the study traces the growth of sales, spreading the trading network and storage facilities of consumer cooperation in the period immediately before the monetary reform of 1947. In the post-war period, consumer cooperation in Bashkiria showed considerable achievements. On the one hand, commodity weight rose significantly with the simultaneous expansion and complication of the trading network. On the other hand, the assortment of foodstuffs and manufactured goods was expanding, which was a prerequisite for the transition from rationing to open trade. However, the research disclosed some significant flaws in the work of consumer societies in the Republic. Accounting and statistical documents of Bashkir Union contain information about great damage from embezzlements and thefts as well as a large number of the principles of Soviet trade violations. Cooperation and share accumulation were not fully followed, which negatively affected the financial state of consumer cooperatives. On all levels of consumer cooperation in the Republic, there was a lack of qualified staff. Due to this, buying and producing operations of some regional consumer cooperation unions lead to an increase in the amount of low-demand, old-stock goods in the trading network, and often to material losses. Those many problems in the work of consumer cooperation led to the insufficient satisfaction of demands for both food stocks and manufactured goods. This, in turn, affected the welfare of city and country people in Bashkiria.
Norman Sartorius: A personal history of psychiatry
Authors: Sartorius Norman
Published: April 2020

As part of the intention to document the recent and current history of psychiatry, I was asked to present memories of my involvement in psychiatry over the past 50 years. Reviewers suggested that I should start this personal history of psychiatry with a summary of my curriculum vitae because this will make it easier to place the events I describe into their historical context. Here it goes, then.
Digitalization and domestic machine building: Prospects and risks
Authors: Kuznetsova G.V. , Korovkin V.V.
Published: April 2020

Subject. The article discusses the current and future development of domestic machine building as digital transformation processes are under way worldwide.
Objectives. The study explores how a new wave of S&T progress influences the coming future of the industry by predicting and analyzing domestic machine building as is. We also substantiate that, as the most critical part of the Russian economy, the machine building sector should be redesigned in terms of its structure and management so as to adapt to challenges brought by digitalization.
Methods. The study employs the logic systems analysis of statistical data and expert assessments, techniques for generalization and grouping, abstraction-logic method.
Results. The domestic machine building crisis was proved to still linger. Those meager achievements are not viable without the State aid. What describes the industry is that the Russian enterprises and products are hardly integrated into global chain values, resulting from their low competitiveness globally. Most of them are designated for the domestic market or even narrower regional markets.
Conclusions and Relevance. There is still no definite conclusion on the impact of digitalization on the future of domestic machine building. However, the industry is not very prepared for innovation, with the governmental domination of the economy impeding the innovative transformation, which requires the freedom of business. As a preliminary requirement for Russia to join a group of global leaders, it should create conditions for the free development of businesses by integrating into global value chains and become more competitive. The findings can underlie practical measures to formulate the industrial policy from macro- and microeconomic perspectives.
Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension
Authors: Savina T.N.
Published: April 2020

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment.
Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory.
Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups.
Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.
Transformation of the intellectual capital structure and a growth in the significance of its components – human capital and intellectual property – in today's economy
Authors: Larin S.N. , Khrustalev E.Yu. , Noakk N.V.
Published: April 2020

Subject. Currently, as the global economy evolves, its innovative components should demonstrate a tendency of accelerated growth as intellectual capital, information technologies, increasing knowledge and digitization of mushrooming production processes. Nowadays, intellectual capital is one of the economic development drivers. However, the economic community is found to have no generally accepted wording of the concept, thus laying the basis for this article.
Objectives. The study sums up the analysis of approaches used by the Russian and foreign economists to determining the economic substance of intellectual capital. We also identify the importance of human capital as its components and specify the definition of the concept.
Methods. The article overviews and analyzes proceedings by the most renowned authors, which substantiate how the economic substance of intellectual capital should be unveiled, and suggest its definitions.
Results. We specified the definition of intellectual capital concerning the current economic development. We suggest integrating a new component into intellectual capital, such as intellectual property, which includes products of intellectual activity and intangible assets. They can be owned by the entity or other legal entities and individuals, including some employees of the entity.
Conclusions and Relevance. The specified definition of intellectual capital will help address issues of sustainable economic development and ensure the competitiveness of the Russian entities nationwide and worldwide, since it directly contributes to intellectual capital and its components.
Research on Technology Competencies in EFL Language Instructors: Technology-Pedagogy-Content in Language Teaching
Authors: Tovar Viera Rodrigo , Velasco SÃ¡nchez Diego Ismael
Published: April 2020

Background:Living in the digital era where the information and communication technologies (ICTs) have extensively changed the way of teaching, language instructors, in particular, should be computer literate to put their technical knowledge into practice in such a way they effectively integrate technology into language learning classrooms.Methodology:The research contextualizes teachersâ€™ beliefs and competencies of using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) in teaching English as a foreign language. The study is an extension of previous research carried out by Tovar et at., (2019), and Tovar (2019). It applied a survey-based questionnaire, an unstructured interview, and classroom observations for data collection. The assessment instruments were administrated to EFL language instructors, who work in the Language Center at the Technical University of Cotopaxi.Findings:Results revealed that a high percentage of the EFL language instructors are not familiar with the use of the TPCK model and its integration into their classroom practices. This support the claim that teachers probably have technological knowledge, but they are not well-prepared to combine teaching resources and appropriate pedagogical methods for language teaching and learning.Conclusions:The study hopes that research outcomes arise linguistic implications and pedagogical applications for developing teachersâ€™ TPCK competencies when integrating technology in EFL classroom settings. Limitations, as well as considerations for further research, are discussed.
Subsidies as a universal form of government support of companies in the real sector: grounds for provision
Authors: Kireeva Anastasia Viktorovna , Komarnitskaya Anna Nikolaevna
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the grounds for providing budget subsidies to the companies of the real sector. Assessment was conducted on the correlation between subsidies given to the real sector for stimulating their development, and subsidies given to the private companies for performing state functions, including in the social sphere. The basis for the analysis consists in data from the laws on federal budget over the recent years, as well as federal targeted investment program and state programs enacted for the purpose of developing separate economic sectors. It is demonstrated that majority of subsidies given to legal entities go to companies carrying out tasks and functions of the government. The subsidies that are given for the purpose of compensating expanses of private companies performing state regulation of prices (tariffs) or rendering budgetary services to the population, are not of incentivizing nature. As a result, the procedures aimed at improving efficiency of budget spending, including selection of recipients on a competition basis, as well as subsequent assessment of efficiency and results of spending of budgetary allocations are not applicable to this category of subsidies. It is also demonstrated that fiscal legislation does not account for differences in grounds for provision of subsidies, which leads to their utilization as a universal instrument for transfer of allocations form public to private sector – alternatives to state tasks, procurement, investments, and lending.
Juridical facts within the mechanism of legal regulation of public relations in the sphere of money circulation
Authors: Sitnik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2020

The research explores public relations emerging in the process of money issuance, circulation of cash, credit and electronic currency, accounting and reporting on operations involving finances, currency regulation, organization of national payment system, as well as financial control. The financial control includes control of the solvency of token money; control of adherence to the order of cash transactions and cash register operations; control and oversight of adherence to requirements towards check out equipment; monitoring and supervision within the national payment system; currency control; control in the sphere of counteraction of money laundering, and various forms of financing of terrorism. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that based on the general theoretic positions on juridical facts, the author formulates a concept of juridical facts, which bring forth emergence, changes, and termination of financial legal relations in the sphere of money circulation. The work delineates financial operations from civil law dealings, and the conclusion is made on the possibility of examining financial reform as a relative event. The author highlights the juridical facts of the event and juridical facts of the state.
Current concepts in melasma - A review article
Authors: Aishwarya K. , Bhagwat Pradeep Vittal , John Nimmi
Published: April 2020

Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis of the face, the treatment of which is challenging. The pathogenesis of melasma is complex and multifactorial. The classical triggering factors of melasma include positive family history, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and hormonal factors. Apart from this, newer theories implicated in the pathogenesis of melasma include neural and vascular factors, impairment of barrier function, function of visible light, and other molecular pathways. Recent studies have also suggested the importance of cells other than the melanocytes such as keratinocytes, fibroblast, mast cells, and cutaneous vasculature in the pathogenesis of melasma. Identification of these factors will help in targeted treatment, which may have longer remission and reduced relapse rates.
Cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal controls
Authors: Roslind Sangeetha , Muhammed Kunnummal , Kumar K. G. Sajeeth
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were (1) to study the cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in comparison to normal subjects and (2) to document the association between cutaneous manifestations and complications of DM.

Materials and Methods:

In this 1-year comparative cross-sectional study, 100 patients receiving treatment at the diabetic clinic of a tertiary center were evaluated for cutaneous manifestations and complications due to diabetes. The cutaneous features in diabetics were compared with that of normal controls. An attempt was made to find out any association between cutaneous features of DM and internal organ involvement due to diabetes.

Results:

Cutaneous manifestations were more frequent in patients with type 2 DM than normal controls. The most common manifestation in diabetics was fungal infection followed by bacterial infection. Diabetic dermopathy was found to have statistically significant association with nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy due to type 2 DM.

Limitations:

Limited sample size and study confined to a tertiary referral center.

Conclusions:

Dermatology manifestations provide important clues of prognostic significance in type 2 DM.
Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis of the Metabolites Produced by in vitro Solid-State Fermentation Reveals Pathways for the Bioconversion of Epigallocatechin Gallate
Authors: Xie Hao-Fen , Kong Ya-Shuai , Li Ru-Ze , Zhang Hong , Liu Lu-Lu , An Ting-Ting , Liu Rui , Yang Zi , Ke Jia-Ping , Zhang Peng , Zhao Ming , Bao Guan-Hu , Xie Zhong-Wen , Li Da-Xiang , Wan Xiaochun , Dai Qian-Ying , Zhang Liang , An Mao-Qiang , Long Yan-Hua , Ling Tie-Jun
Published: April 2020

Flavan-3-ol B-ring fission derivatives (FBRFDs) are secondary metabolites that contribute to the unique properties of fermented dark teas. However, the FBRFD precursors and biochemistry are unclear. Fungal strains cultured from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were incubated in an in vitro solid-state fermentation system containing β-cyclodextrin-embedded epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a potential precursor of FBRFDs. The produced metabolites were analyzed through a combination of targeted chromatographic isolation, non-targeted spectroscopic identification, and Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. Dihydromyricetin was identified for the first time, indicating that fungi possess a flavan-3-ol C-ring oxidation pathway. EGCG was verified as the precursor of dihydromyricetin and FBRFDs such as teadenol A and fuzhuanin A. The conversion was driven by the fungi rather than a hygrothermal effect. Isolates from Pezizomycotina showed much stronger abilities to convert EGCG to the B-/C-ring oxidation products than those from Saccharomycotina or Basidiomycota.
Fragment Tailoring Strategy to Design of Chemical Entities as Potential Binders of Novel Corona Virus Main Protease
Authors: Choudhury Chinmayee
Published: April 2020

The recent pandemic of novel corona virus infections (COVID19) has put the world on serious alert. This is caused by a recent form of a positive sense RNA virus (nCoV) of coronaviridae family which is known to cause respiratory tract infections in humans. Absence of any specific drugs, vaccines or treatment measures for this deadly virus warrants intense research to design new chemical entities in order to inhibit the viral replication in human cells. The main protease of nCov (nCov-MP) cleaves the long polyprotein chains to release functional proteins required for replication of the virus and thus is a potential drug target. The current study employs state of are computational methods to design new molecules by linking molecular fragments which specifically bind to different constituent sub-pockets of the nCov-MP binding site. A huge library of 191678 fragments was screened against the binding cavity of nCov-MP and high affinity fragments binding to adjacent sub-pockets were tailored to generate new molecules. These newly formed molecules were further subjected to molecular docking, ADMET property filters and MMGBSA binding free energy calculations to select 17 best molecules (named as MP-In1 to Mp-In17), which showed interactions with the key binding site residues as the reference ligand. Nine out of these 17 molecules with better MMGBSA binding free energy than the reference molecule, were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, which assessed the stabilities of their binding with nCov-MP. Eight molecules were found to form stable complexes with nCov-MP. These molecules can be further evaluated as potential starting points for nCov drug discovery.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial, DNA Cleavage and Fluorescent Activity of Metal ion(II) Coordinate with 2H-Chromene Azo novel ligand
Authors: Huda Muayad Nafea  , Ali Muayad Nafea Al- Kawaz
Published: April 2020

A new ligand 2H-chromene containing azo group 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-4-amine (AH), were synthesized from the condensation reaction (1:2)of 2'-hydroxychalcone and p-aminoazobenzene. Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of the new ligand have been synthesized and characterized using C.H.N. analysis,1HNMR spectra, FT.IR, UV/Visible, magnetic susceptible, conductance measuring, and fluorescence spectral spectroscopy; 13CNMR spectroscopy of the ligand was also studied. Spectroscopic results revealed the 2H-Chromene Azo (AH) ligand behaves as monodentate chelating via the nitrogen atom of amine groupat position 4 having 1:1 [M:L] ratio; suggested that the cobalt and nickel complexes have the tetrahedralstructure and a distorted tetrahedralgeometry for the copper complex, indicating their non-electrolyte nature. The new ligand shows a fluorescence emissioncomparingwith this fluorescence quenching was noticed in its metal complexes. The antibacterial potency of the free ligand and its chelates with metal ion(II) were screened against E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Staph.aureus andB.Subtilis;The DNA cleavage activity of the free ligand and its 2H-chromene azo metal (II) complexes was performedby the gel electrophoresis process, which giventhat thesecompounds are effectiveupon DNA cleavage .
CoVid-19: Unmasking the new face of Education
Authors: Shatakshi Lall  , Nardev Singh
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly discovered infectious disease caused by a virus named "coronavirus." The lockdown due to COVID 19 has largely affected the lives of students as they no more get to interact on a one on one basis with their teachers. This shift in education from traditional classroom learning to computer-based learning might be one of the largest educational experiments to date. As the online teaching-learning process has become more prevalent in India due to COVID 19 pandemic, it becomes particularly important to know its growth and to know whether it's actually helping the students achieve what they expect out of college. The present study was therefore designed to understand the student's perspective, attitudes, and readiness about online classes being conducted at the University level. An Observational, Descriptive study was conducted. The data was collected using a Questionnaire. The present study was carried out amongst 200 students. After analyzing the results, it was found that 74% of the students liked studying through online classes. The most common reason (49%) as to why the students like studying online were that the study time becomes flexible, and they can study anytime they want. Lack of co-curricular activity was the most common issue (34%) of online classes, as reported by the students. Most of the students were found satisfied with the content and procedure of online teaching. About 30% of the students reported that they prefer their lecture being delivered through a PPT with an audio recording. The present study that was conducted among college students revealed that maximum students are in favor of studying through online classes, but they feel that there is a lack of co-curricular activities in the online mode of conducting classes. As the students are in favor of online classes, such classes must be continued with some interventions.  Education  Ministry must develop certain rules and guidelines wherein certain online activity sessions can be made compulsory along with regular lecture sessions.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of deep fried battered squid containing
Brownstripe red snapper (Lutjanus vitta) protein hydrolysate
Authors: Chew R.M. , Mohd Zin Z. , Ahmad A. , Mohtar N.F. , Rusli N.D. , Zainol M.K.
Published: April 2020

Deep-fried food is a fast and convenient way to prepare food that imparts desirable
sensory characteristics of colour, flavour and in particular, a smooth texture, yet has been
labelled as not healthy by consumers. Incorporation of other ingredients in the formulation
of the batter could reduce the fat absorption in deep-fried foods. This research was aimed
to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of Brownstripe red snapper
protein hydrolysate (BRSPH) and its utilisation in reducing the oil intake of deep-fried
foods. The BRSPH were extracted using the enzymatic method utilizing Alcalase® as the
working enzyme. Batter formulations were prepared by adding 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%
of BRSPH into the sample mixtures. Addition of BRSPH into the batter was found to
increase hardness and crispness of deep-fat fried battered squids. The fat content of the
deep-fat fried battered squids with 8% BRSPH powder was found to be the lowest
compared to those added with 2%, 4% and 6%, while sample without BRSPH powder was
the highest (30.15%). Deep-fat fried squids with 4% of BRSPH powder showed the best
acceptability scores in terms of crispness, taste and overall acceptability, but no significant
differences were determined in the crispness between deep-fat fried squids with and
without BRSPH. The findings indicate that enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase® has the
potential to yield BRSPH with a high degree of hydrolysis (98.19%), low molecular
weight (10-15 kDa), and low oil binding capacity (2.38 g oil/ g protein). Enzymatic
hydrolysis proved to be a viable technique to produce protein hydrolysate which able to
reduce the oil uptake and healthier with high acceptability of the end products. Research
on how to optimize the use of BRSPH with a high economic, nutritional and industrial
potential of understated resources would allow for the implementation of manufacturing
practices to enhance the use of resources and increase the value of the by-product. This
approach will offer the potential use of BRSPH for the production of batter formulation
which is efficient in the reduction of oil uptake
Comparison of different computational approaches for unveiling the high-pressure behavior of organic crystals at a molecular level. Case study of tolazamide polymorphs
Authors: Fedorov A.Yu. , Rychkov D.A.
Published: April 2020

The study of the high-pressure behavior of molecular crystals helps find limits of their stabi­lity, as well as obtain previously unknown new phases. This may result in the creation of new materials and their forms for a variety of applications: pharmaceutics, optoelectronics, etc. Nevertheless, until recently, there was no practical unified scheme for high-pressure studies of organic molecules, paying close attention to various inter- and intramolecular interactions. In this work, we compare different computational methods for the high-pressure research of molecular crystals in terms of the energy of particular interactions. Tolazamide polymorphs are taken as a representative system. It is shown that not only «structure-forming» interactions, e.g. H-bonds and stacking interactions, but also multiple van der Waals interactions should be taken into account. Moreover, we compare two different concepts for studying particular H-bonds in terms of absolute and relative energies, showing their importance in understanding the high-pressure behavior of tolazamide polymorphs. Finally, several important details about the high-pressure research of organic crystals at a molecular level by computational methods are formulated.
Спиновый переход в гетероанионных комплексах в системе Fe2+—4-амино-1,2,4-триазол—NO3–—SO42–
Authors: Виноградова К.А. , Андреева А.Ю. , Пищур Д.П. , Бушуев М.Б.
Published: April 2020

Исследованы магнитные и термодинамические свойства гетероанионных комплексных соединений в системе Fe2+—ATrz—NO3–—SO42– (ATrz = 4-амино-1,2,4-триазол). Синтезированы фазы Fe(ATrz)3(NO3)2(1–x)(SO4)x×nH2O. По данным магнетохимии и калориметрии образцы Fe(ATrz)3(NO3)2(1–x)(SO4)x демонстрируют спиновый переход выше комнатной температуры, который сопровождается изменением цвета соединения (розовый — в низкоспиновом состоянии, белый — в высокоспиновом состоянии). По результатам калориметрии спиновый переход в фазах Fe(ATrz)3(NO3)2(1–x)(SO4)x·nH2O является фазовым переходом I рода и сопровождается гистерезисными эффектами. Показана возможность тонкой настройки температуры и характера спинового перехода при синтезе гетероанионных комплексов.
Исследование кристаллических структур 2,4,6-трихлорфеноксида и 3,4,5-трифторбензоата тетра(п-толил)сурьмы
Authors: Шарутин В.В. , Шарутина О.К. , Ефремов А.Н.
Published: April 2020

Взаимодействием пента(п-толил)сурьмы с эквимолярными количествами 2,4,6-трихлор­фенола или 3,4,5-трифторбензойной кислоты в бензольном растворе синтезированы 2,4,6-трихлорфеноксид тетра(п-толил)сурьмы p-Tol4SbOC6H2Cl3-2,4,6 (1) и 3,4,5-три­фторбензоат тетра(п-толил)сурьмы p-Tol4SbOС(O)C6H2F3-3,4,5 (2), которые получали также по реакции перераспределения лигандов из пента(п-толил)сурьмы и соответствующих диароксида и дикарбоксилата три(п-толил)сурьмы. Методом рентгеноструктурного анализа определены кристаллические структуры и особенности строения соединений 1 и 2, в которых атомы сурьмы имеют тригонально-бипирамидальную координацию заместителей с аксиально расположенными кислородсодержащими лигандами.
Crystal structures of the first diselenophosphinate molybdenum(II) allyl complexes: [Mo(CH3CN)(κ3-C3H5)](CO)2(κ2-Se2PPh2)] and [Mo(κ3-C3H5)(CO)2(κ2-Phen)(κ1-Se2PPh2)]
Authors: Lin Y.-S. , Lee G.-H. , Yih K.-H. , Wang H.-F. , Huang K.-F.
Published: April 2020

A reaction of [Mo(CH3CN)2(κ3-C3H5)(CO)2(Br)] (complex 1) and (Et4N)[Se2PPh2] (complex 2) produces a κ2-diselenophosphinate molybdenum [Mo(CH3CN)(κ3-C3H5)(CO)2(κ2-Se2PPh2)] complex (complex 3). Treatment of 3 with 1,10-phenanthroline, C12H8N2, yields a κ1-diseleno­phosphinate [Mo(κ3-C3H5)(CO)2(κ2-Phen)(κ1-Se2PPh2)] complex (complex 4). The coordination geometry around the molybdenum atom of complexes 3 and 4 is octahedral with aceto­nitrile, allyl, two carbonyls, and two selenium atoms and allyl, two carbonyls, two nitrogen atoms of the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, and one selenium atom, occupying six-coordination sites, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, complexes 3 and 4 are the first diselenophosphinate molybdenum allyl complexes. Complexes 3 and 4 are characterized through the elemental analysis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Structurally characterized self-assembled heterobimetallic Ni(II)—Eu(III)-salamo-bipyridine coordination polymer: Synthesis, photophysical and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Mu H.-R. , An X.-X. , Liu C. , Zhang Y. , Dong W.-K.
Published: April 2020

An independent self-assembling heterobimetallic [Ni(II)—Eu(III)] salamo-like coordination polymer, ∞1[Ni(L)Eu(NO3)3(4,4'-bipy)], is synthesized by the one-pot reaction of a symmetrical salamo-like hexadentate ligand (H2L = 6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-[1,2-ethylenedioxybis(nitrilo­methylidyne)]diphenol), Ni(OAc)2·4H2O, Eu(NO3)3·6H2O, and 4,4'-bipy. The coordination polymer is obtained by the reaction in the 1:1:1:1 ratio and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis absorption spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The newly synthesized polymer is constructed from heterobimetallic [Ni(II)(L)Eu(III)] units connected by the 4,4'-bipy exodentate ligand bearing N donor atoms. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bonding, π⋯π stacking and C—H⋯π interactions play an important role in the structure of the coordination polymer. In terms of the antibacterial activity, the polymer dissolved in DMF has a good antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus.