bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Acanthocephala parasites in Neotropical amphibians
Authors: Olivera L.A. , Campião K.M.
Published: January 2024

Acanthocephalans constitute a small taxonomic group related to rotifers and specialized in a parasitic lifestyle. Anurans act as paratenic and definitive hosts and infections always occur trophically. Our objective is to describe and summarize the richness of acanthocephalans in Neotropical anurans. We conducted a literature review in the main research databases, compiling data published until August 2021. We identified 66 articles with records of acanthocephalan-anuran association, 53.03% were carried out in Brazil. We detected 108 species of anurans from 11 families parasitized by acanthocephalans. With the exception of Bufonidae, Hylidae and Leptodactylidae, which are relatively well-studied families, interaction with acanthocephalans remains largely unexplored for most anuran species. We found six families of acanthocephalans: Centrorhynchidae, Echinorhynchidae, Oligacanthorhynchidae, Cavisomidae, Neoechinorhynchidae and Plagiorhynchidae. Centrorhynchidae and Echinorhynchidae presented the largest number of taxa associated with anurans. The largest number of records corresponded to acanthocephalans in the larval stage (cystacanths), for which anurans act as paratenic hosts. We observed a lack of specific taxonomic resolution in the identifications of most reports, because a large part of the records in the larval stage make morphological identification difficult. Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, Argentina, Ecuador and Peru are the countries with the most records, while Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Chile and Uruguay exhibited the lowest publication numbers, resulting in gaps in the distribution of acanthocephalans. We expanded the known number of anuran species parasitized by acanthocephalans, compared to the last published review. Overall, we aim to contribute to the understanding of diversity within this intriguing but understudied group.
Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk: role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship
Authors: Ozen Ezgi , Lovegrove Julie A. , Jackson Kim G.
Published: January 2024

Excess body weight is associated with increased mortality and risk of developing CVD. Body fat distribution is now considered a better indicator of disease risk than BMI, with central adiposity associated with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Dietary modification is unquestionably important in the prevention of obesity and CVD, with the type but not the amount of dietary fat emerging as an important determinant of both diseases. Although reducing SFA intake via replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) is a key public health strategy for CVD prevention, variability in the lipid lowering response has been observed. This narrative review aims to investigate the link between adiposity and CVD risk, and the role of dietary fat composition and APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype on this relationship. In the absence of weight loss, replacing dietary SFA with UFA reduces central adiposity and anthropometric measures, and is linked with lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, differences in study populations and body composition techniques need to be taken into consideration. To date, only a limited number of studies have determined the role of APOE on body composition and CVD risk, but findings are inconsistent. Both APOE2 and APOE4 alleles have been correlated with adiposity related markers, and an APOE genotype–BMI interaction has been reported on fasting lipids. However, studies are often performed retrospectively leading to small sample sizes within the genotype groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between APOE genotype, adiposity and circulating CVD risk markers.
Metaphor comprehension in the acquisition of Arabic
Authors: ALMOHAMMADI Alaa , GASKINS Dorota Katarzyna , RUNDBLAD Gabriella
Published: January 2024

Metaphors are key to how children conceptualise the world around them and how they engage socially and educationally. This study investigated metaphor comprehension in typically developing Arabic-speaking children aged 3;01-6;07. Eighty-seven children were administered a newly developed task containing 20 narrated stories and were asked to point at pictures that best illustrated the metaphoric expression. The results were examined through a mixed ANCOVA, testing the effects of chronological age, metaphor type (primary, perceptual) and metaphor conventionality (conventional, novel) on metaphor comprehension. Children could understand some metaphors just after their third birthday, and their comprehension increased with age. Children’s performance was somewhat better on primary than perceptual, and much better on conventional than novel metaphors. These findings are discussed in light of conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 2008) and structure mapping theory (Gentner & Markman, 1997), confirming differences in the acquisition of different metaphor types.
Assessment of long-term trends in a threatened grassland bird community using daily bird lists
Authors: Bharadwaj Akshay , Mhamane Sarang , Bangal Priti , Menon Tarun , Isvaran Kavita , Quader Suhel
Published: January 2024

Open natural ecosystems (ONEs), such as tropical grasslands, are among the most threatened habitats on Earth today. The long-term monitoring of ONEs is an important research domain that is essential for understanding anthropogenic impacts and facilitating conservation action. Using a simple day-listing method over a 13-year period, we studied species trends in a central Indian grassland–agriculture mosaic experiencing several land-use changes. Our results indicate that some grassland species (such as the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps) showed steep declines during the study period, while other generalist species (such as the Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus) showed an increasing trend. Daily listing also revealed distinct seasonal patterns, and we discuss the Great Indian Bustard and Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus as examples. Our study highlights the utility of consistent checklist surveys to monitor population trends of bird communities within a changing landscape.
Comparing neuropsychological, typical, and ADNI criteria for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Vietnam-era veterans
Authors: Ly Monica T. , Adler Jennifer , Ton Loy Adan F. , Edmonds Emily C. , Bondi Mark W. , Delano-Wood Lisa ,   for the Department of Defense Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) more accurately predict progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are more strongly associated with AD biomarkers and neuroimaging profiles than ADNI criteria. However, research to date has been conducted in relatively healthy samples with few comorbidities. Given that history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are risk factors for AD and common in Veterans, we compared neuropsychological, typical (Petersen/Winblad), and ADNI criteria for MCI in Vietnam-era Veterans with histories of TBI or PTSD.

Method:

267 Veterans (mean age = 69.8) from the DOD-ADNI study were evaluated for MCI using neuropsychological, typical, and ADNI criteria. Linear regressions adjusting for age and education assessed associations between MCI status and AD biomarker levels (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] p-tau181, t-tau, and Aβ42) by diagnostic criteria. Logistic regressions adjusting for age and education assessed the effects of TBI severity and PTSD symptom severity simultaneously on MCI classification by each criteria.

Results:

Agreement between criteria was poor. Neuropsychological criteria identified more Veterans with MCI than typical or ADNI criteria, and were associated with higher CSF p-tau181 and t-tau. Typical and ADNI criteria were not associated with CSF biomarkers. PTSD symptom severity predicted MCI diagnosis by neuropsychological and ADNI criteria. History of moderate/severe TBI predicted MCI by typical and ADNI criteria.

Conclusions:

MCI diagnosis using sensitive neuropsychological criteria is more strongly associated with AD biomarkers than conventional diagnostic methods. MCI diagnostics in Veterans would benefit from incorporation of comprehensive neuropsychological methods and consideration of the impact of PTSD.
Structural representation in the native language after extended second-language immersion: Evidence from acceptability judgment and memory-recall
Authors: Ahn Danbi , Ferreira Victor S. , Gollan Tamar H.
Published: January 2024

Knowing the sentence structures (i.e., information that guides the assembly of words into sentences) is crucial in language knowledge. This knowledge must be stable for successful communication, but when learning another language that uses different structures, speakers must adjust their structural knowledge. Here, we examine how newly acquired second language (L2) knowledge influences first language (L1) structure knowledge. We compared two groups of Korean speakers: Korean-immersed speakers living in Korea (with little English exposure) versus English-immersed speakers who acquired English late and were living in the US (with more English exposure). We used acceptability judgment and sentence production tasks on Korean sentences in English and Korean word orders. Results suggest that acceptability and structural usage in L1 change after exposure to L2, but not in a way that matches L2 structures. Instead, L2 exposure might lead to increased difficulties in the selection and retrieval of word orders while using L1.
Introduction: Comparing Social Policy Responses to the Cost-of-Living Crisis
Authors: Béland Daniel , Cantillon Bea , Greve Bent , Hick Rod , Moreira Amílcar
Published: January 2024

This introduction to our themed section on social policy responses to the recent cost-of-living crisis spells out this topic and the key issues examined in the section’s main contributions before summarising their findings and overall contribution to the literature. More specifically, to frame this themed section, the present Introduction begins with a concise, up-to-date overview of the inflationary crisis that emerged in late 2021 and evolved throughout 2022 and the first half of 2023. It then charts, and reflects upon, the diversity of responses enacted in a variety of countries reflective of different models of welfare provision in Europe and North America.
How to cope with uncertainty monsters in flood risk management?
Authors: Knotters Martin , Bokhove Onno , Lamb Rob , Poortvliet P.M.
Published: January 2024

Strategies are proposed to cope with uncertainties in a way that all possible kinds of uncertainty are named, recognized, statistically quantified as far as possible and utilized in efficient decision-making in flood risk management (FRM). We elaborated on the metaphor of uncertainty as a monster. We recommend two strategies to cope with the uncertainty monster to support efficient decision-making in FRM: monster adaptation and monster assimilation. We present three cases to illustrate these strategies. We argue that these strategies benefit from improving the structure and reducing the complexity of decision problems. We discuss ways to involve decision-makers in FRM, and how communication strategies can be responsive to their informational needs.
Role of Metasomatism in the Development of the East African Rift at the Northern Tanzanian Divergence: Insights From 3D Magnetotelluric Modeling
Authors: Özaydın Sinan , Selway Kate , Foley Stephen F. , Ezad Isra S. , Griffin William L. , Tarits Pascal S. , Hautot Sophie
Published: January 2024

The Northern Tanzanian Divergence in the East Africa Rift is arguably the best place on Earth to study the controls on rifting of thick lithosphere. Here, where the East Africa Rift intersects the Tanzanian Craton and the Mozambique Belt, the relationships between volcanism, faulting, pre‐existing structures and lithospheric thickness and composition can be observed. In this work, we carry out the first lithospheric‐scale 3D magnetotelluric modeling of the Northern Tanzanian Divergence and combine the results with experimental electrical conductivity and petrology models to calculate mantle composition, which is also inferred in the craton from reanalysis of garnet xenocryst data. Our results show that metasomatic materials exist in the cratonic lithospheric mantle and the relatively undeveloped southern part of the rift zone. However, the lithospheric mantle of the Mozambique Belt and the more developed northern section of the rift is more resistive and does not contain metasomatic phases. Combined with geochemical data from erupted lavas, these results suggest that, in zones that have experienced voluminous Cenozoic magmatism, melting events have destroyed the metasomes and dehydrated the mantle. Since the presence of magma is a primary control of lithospheric strength, rifting may become limited as the lithospheric mantle becomes dehydrated and harder to melt.
LncRNA HOTAIR regulates autophagy and proliferation mechanisms in premature ovarian insufficiency through the miR-148b-3p/ATG14 axis
Authors: Luo Chao , Wei Lun , Qian Fei , Bo Le , Gao Shasha , Yang Guangzhao , Mao Caiping
Published: January 2024

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a serious disease significantly affecting the physical and mental health of women of reproductive age, not just impacting fertility outcomes. Ovarian damage due to chemotherapy remains a major cause of this condition. Recent studies have indicated the involvement of the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in the progression of various diseases, showcasing important biological functions, yet its role in POI remains unclear. We conducted microarray dataset analysis and qRT-PCR experiments, demonstrating downregulation of HOTAIR expression in ovarian tissue and granulosa cells. Various functional experiments using plasmids overexpressing HOTAIR confirmed its promotion of cisplatin-induced granulosa cell autophagy and proliferation. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase assays showed that HOTAIR modulates ATG14 levels in POI by binding miR-148b-3p, thereby enhancing levels of autophagy and proliferation. In this study, we first explored the impact of miR-148b-3p on POI and found that overexpression of miR-148b-3p reversed the promotion of autophagy and proliferation induced by HOTAIR overexpression. The inhibitory effect of miR-148b-3p inhibitor on KGN cell autophagy and proliferation improvement could also be reversed by silencing ATG14. Overall, our findings indicate the promoting role of HOTAIR in POI and its potential as a biomarker for POI by modulating the miR-148b-3p/ATG14 axis to improve mechanisms of autophagy and proliferation in POI.
Characteristics of the steam degradation of poly(lactic acid) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
Authors: Shao Zhuze , Kumagai Shogo , Saito Yuko , Yoshioka Toshiaki
Published: January 2024

The introduction of biodegradable plastics is considered a practical approach to reducing plastic waste accumulation in the environment. Regardless of their biodegradability, plastics should be recycled to effectively utilize and circulate carbon as a resource. Herein, the use of pyrolysis was examined as a method for recycling two common biobased/biodegradable plastics: PLA and PHBH. The pyrolysis of PLA produced lactides (10.7 wt% at 400 °C), but the yield was decreased when the pyrolysis temperature was increased. The presence of steam promoted the hydrolysis of PLA: a steam concentration of 25 vol % increased, the production of lactides at 400 °C to 17.4 wt%. The pyrolysis of PHBH primarily yielded crotonic acid (30.1 wt% at 400 °C), and the yield increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature (71.8 wt% at 800 °C). Steam injection increased the hydrolysis of oligomers, resulting in a 76.1 wt% yield of crotonic acid at 600 °C with a steam concentration of 25 vol %. Thus, we determined that hydrolysis and pyrolysis progress simultaneously under a steam atmosphere, increasing the chemical feedstock recovery from PLA and PHBH. These findings may lead to the proposal of effective degradation methods for treating biobased/biodegradable plastic wastes and ways to maximize the conversion efficiency and target product yields.
Unravelling the mechanisms of underweight in Parkinson’s disease by investigating into the role of gut microbiome
Authors: Shih Ling-Chieh , Lin Ru-Jen , Chen Yan-Lin , Fu Shih-Chen
Published: January 2024

Approximately half of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer from unintentional weight loss and are underweight, complicating the clinical course of PD patients. Gut microbiota alteration has been proven to be associated with PD, and recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could lead to muscle wasting, implying a possible role of gut microbiota in underweight PD. In this study, we aimed to (1) investigate the mechanism underlying underweight in PD patients with respect to gut microbiota and (2) estimate the extent to which gut microbiota may mediate PD-related underweight through mediation analysis. The data were adapted from Hill‐Burns et al., in which 330 participants (199 PD, 131 controls) were enrolled in the study. Fecal samples were collected from participants for microbiome analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence data were processed using DADA2. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effect of intestinal microbial alteration on the causal effect of PD on underweight and to identify the key bacteria that significantly mediated PD-related underweight. The results showed that the PD group had significantly more underweight patients (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5) after controlling for age and sex. Ten genera and four species were significantly different in relative abundance between the underweight and non-underweight individuals in the PD group. Mediation analysis showed that 42.29% and 37.91% of the effect of PD on underweight was mediated through intestinal microbial alterations at the genus and species levels, respectively. Five genera (Agathobacter, Eisenbergiella, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_013) showed significant mediation effects. In conclusion, we found that up to 42.29% of underweight PD cases are mediated by gut microbiota, with increased pro-inflammatory bacteria and decreased SCFA-producing bacteria, which indicates that the pro-inflammatory state, disturbance of metabolism, and interference of appetite regulation may be involved in the mechanism of underweight PD.
A data set of symptoms and needs of individuals affected by COVID-19
Authors: Stanley H. B. , Bensafi M.
Published: January 2024

Here we provide data from an online survey of 639 people diagnosed with COVID-19 and resident in France, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between 30th Jan 2020 and 29th August 2022. In addition to demographic information the survey includes questions about participants’ symptoms (by category), symptom onset and persistence, and the effects these symptoms had on their daily lives. Participants were able to include information related to their perceived medical, social and professional needs. These data are needed in order to create effective care policies addressing post-COVID sequelae. Information related to symptom association & dynamics is expected to be useful to clinicians and may also inform more fundamental studies.
Humid and cold forest connections in South America between the eastern Andes and the southern Atlantic coast during the LGM
Authors: Pinaya Jorge Luiz Diaz , Pitman Nigel C. A. , Cruz Francisco William , Akabane Thomas K. , Lopez Maria del Carmen Sanz , Pereira-Filho Augusto José , Grohman Carlos H. , Reis Luiza Santos , Rodrigues Erika S. Ferreira , Ceccantini Gregório C. T. , De Oliveira Paulo Eduardo
Published: January 2024

The presence of Andean plant genera in moist forests of the Brazilian Atlantic Coast has been historically hypothesized as the result of cross-continental migrations starting at the eastern Andean flanks. Here we test hypotheses of former connections between the Atlantic and Andean forests by examining distribution patterns of selected cool and moist-adapted plant arboreal taxa present in 54 South American pollen records of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 19–23 cal ka, known to occur in both plant domains. Pollen taxa studied include Araucaria, Drimys, Hedyosmum, Ilex, Myrsine, Podocarpus, Symplocos, Weinmannia, Myrtaceae, Ericaceae and Arecaceae. Past connectivity patterns between these two neotropical regions as well as individual ecological niches during the LGM were explored by cluster analysis of fossil assemblages and modern plant distributions. Additionally, we examined the ecological niche of 137 plant species with shared distributions between the Andes and coastal Brazil. Our results revealed five complex connectivity patterns for South American vegetation linking Andean, Amazonian and Atlantic Forests and one disjunction distribution in southern Chile. This study also provides a better understanding of vegetation cover on the large and shallow South American continental shelf that was exposed due to a global sea level drop.
Solution of convection-diffusion model in groundwater pollution
Authors: Rashidinia Jalil , Momeni Arefeh , Molavi-Arabshahi Mahboubeh
Published: January 2024

This research involves the development of the spectral collocation method based on orthogonalized Bernoulli polynomials to the solution of time-fractional convection-diffusion problems arising from groundwater pollution. The main aim is to develop the operational matrices for the fractional derivative and classical derivatives. The advantage of our approach is to orthogonalize the Bernoulli polynomials for the sake of creating sparse operational matrices in such a way that classical derivatives have one sub-diagonal non-zero entries only, and also creating an operational matrix for fractional derivative have diagonal matrix only. Due to these properties, the cost of computational our approach is very low and the convergence is fast. A discussion on the error analysis for the presented approach is given. Two test problems are considered to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of our method. The absolute error in the computed solution compares with the existing method in the literature. The comparison shows that our method is more accurate and easily implemented.
Thermogravimetric and thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse pith: a comparative evaluation with other sugarcane residues
Authors: Najafi Hamidreza , Golrokh Sani Ahmad , Sobati Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2024

In this study, thermogravimetric and thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse pith (S.B.P.) were performed using a robust suite of experiments and kinetic analyses, along with a comparative evaluation on the thermo-kinetic characteristics of two other major sugarcane residues, namely sugarcane straw (S.C.S.) and sugarcane bagasse (S.C.B.). The thermogravimetric analysis evaluated the pyrolysis behavior of these residues at different heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. The Kissinger, advanced non-linear isoconversional (ANIC), and Friedman methods were employed to obtain effective activation energies. Moreover, the compensation effect theory (CE) and combined kinetic analysis (CKA) were used to determine the pre-exponential factor and pyrolysis kinetic model. Friedman's method findings indicated that the average activation energies of S.C.S., S.C.B., and S.B.P. are 188, 170, and 151 kJ/mol, respectively. The results of the ANIC method under the integral step Δα = 0.01 were closely aligned with those of the Friedman method. The CKA and CE techniques estimated ln(f(α)Aα) with an average relative error below 0.7%. The pre-exponential factors of S.C.S., S.C.B., and S.B.P. were in the order of 1014, 1012, and 1011 (s−1), respectively. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, positive ∆G* and ∆H* results provide evidence for the non-spontaneous and endothermic nature of the pyrolysis process, indicating the occurrence of endergonic reactions.
Introducing graphene quantum dots in decomposable wheat starch-gelatin based nano-biofilms
Authors: Bakeshlouy Afshar Marzieh , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Gozali Balkanloo Peyman
Published: January 2024

This research aims to discover a viable substitute for the common harmful plastic packaging utilized in food products. Citric acid was employed as an accessible and risk-free precursor in synthesizing graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Using the efficient carbonization technique, GQDs were obtained and subsequently transferred to nano-biofilms in varying percentages relative to natural polymers. FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and AFM analyses were conducted to examine the formation of the nano-biofilms. GQDs demonstrated optimal performance in the disk diffusion method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical approach. Adding GQDs to starch and gelatin composite improved the physical properties of nano-biofilms such as moisture contact, swelling index, and solubility. The transparency of the films was reduced by GQDs, which reduces the transmission of visible light and plays an important role in food protection. The packaging films' weight loss due to decomposition was examined after being buried in soil for 50 days, which relieved the eco-concerns of these packaging films. To evaluate the performance of the films in inhibiting food spoilage, cherries, and cucumbers were packed with a control film and the fabricated film containing 14 wt% of GQD. After 14 days, the modified nano-biofilm was able to maintain the freshness of the samples.
Exploring the factors affecting elementary mathematics teachers’ innovative behavior: an integration of social cognitive theory
Authors: Li Kai , Wijaya Tommy Tanu , Chen Xiaoying , Harahap Muhammad Syahril
Published: January 2024

Teacher innovative behavior is one of the vital factors, affecting student engagement, addresses diverse needs, promotes critical thinking, fosters lifelong learning, and contributes to educational research and development. By encouraging and supporting teacher innovation, we may can ensure that education remains relevant, effective, and impactful in preparing students for the future. Teacher innovative behavior is also needed to improve the mathematics skills of elementary school students, and it is important to determine the predictors that significantly affecting Teacher innovative behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model that predicted possible factors affecting mathematics teachers' innovative behavior based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Data were collected from 132 elementary school teachers in China to verify the model, and the analysis was conducted using a structural equation modelling approach. Theoretically, 10 of the 15 hypotheses were found to be significant. The results showed that facilitating conditions and self-efficacy significantly affect mathematics teachers' innovative behavior. Meanwhile, Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) knowledge, Social Influences, Rewards, Work engagement and anxiety did not show any effect. The contribution developed a model and provided new knowledge about the factors affecting elementary school teachers' innovative behavior. Practically, this could be used to improve teachers' innovative behavior.
Volatile lanthanide complexes with fluorinated heptadentate ligands
Authors: Zgrabik Joshua C. , Bhuniya Balaka , Branstad Phillips Thomas , Barroso Jorge , Vlaisavljevich Bess , Daly Scott R.
Published: January 2024

Here we describe the synthesis, structures, and volatility of lanthanide complexes containing N4O3 ligands decorated with different fluoroalkyl substituents. The results show how ligand fluorination does not necessarily enhance complex volatility.
An environment friendly multifunctional ZnO/wood fiber composite for the treatment of wastewater mixed with emulsions and dye
Authors: Long Qin , Li Junfeng , Wu Haonan , Lin Yuting , Zhou Xiaoqing , Huang Yi , Zhang Peicong , Zou Qin , Zhang Rui
Published: January 2024

The ZnO/wood fiber composite was formed to serve as an environment friendly multifunctional composite for environmental purification, offering emulsion separation, dye adsorption, antibacterial properties, self-cleaning, and biological harmlessness.
Synthesis of a heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide using automated glycan assembly
Authors: Pongener Imlirenla , Sletten Eric T. , Danglad-Flores José , Seeberger Peter H. , Miller Gavin J.
Published: January 2024

Herein we utilise automated glycan assembly to complete solid-phase synthesis of defined heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, employing on resin O-sulfation and d-glucuronate disaccharide donors.
Construction of 1,3,4-oxadiazolines bearing CF3-quaternary centers via amino-assisted [3 + 2] cycloadditions
Authors: Zhu Yannan , Bo Fang , Wang Xuying , Jiang Qianxi , Li Qiuyun , Han Zhongfei , Wang Yi-Ning , Qi Gang
Published: January 2024

An amino-assisted [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy has been explored for the construction of 1,3,4-oxadiazolines bearing CF3-quaternary centers under mild conditions.
Forecasting network traffic in the information and telecommunication system of railway transport by means of a neural network
Authors: Zhukovytskyy Igor , Pakhomova Victoria
Published: January 2024

Network traffic is one of the most important actual indicators of the information and telecommunication system (ITS) of railway transport. Recent studies show that network traffic in the ITS of railway transport is self-similar (fractal), for the study of which the Hirst indicator can be used. One of the possible solutions is a method of network traffic forecasting using neural network technology, which will allow you to manage traffic in real time, avoid server overload and improve the quality of services, which confirms the relevance of this topic. The method of forecasting the parameters of network traffic in the ITS of railway transport using neural network technology is proposed: for long-term forecasting (day-ahead) of network traffic volume based on network traffic volumes for the previous three days using the created multilayer neuro-fuzzy network; for short-term prediction (one step forward, which takes five minutes) of network traffic intensity based on network traffic intensities for the previous fifteen minutes using the created multilayer neural network. The corresponding samples are formed on the basis of real values of network traffic parameters in the ITS of railway transport. Studies of optimal parameters of the created multilayer neural network, which can be integrated into specialized analytical servers of the ITS of railway transport, are carried out, which will provide a sufficiently high level of short-term forecasting of network traffic parameters (in particular intensity) in the ITS of railway transport at the stage of deepening the integration of the national transport network into the Trans-European Transport Network.
Implementation of the mathematical model of interaction of passenger transport modes for sustainable economic development
Authors: Vasylenko Igor , Ozerova Olha , Pron Svitlana , Valko Alla , Lytvynenko Larysa , Maliarenko Dasha
Published: January 2024

As part of a research, the study of the level of solving the scientific problem of transport flow management in large cities was carried out as a component of the integrated information-intelligent transport system of the city. A significant amount of research on a number of important components of the problem has been identified, including the application of new approaches, methods and information technologies for planning and forecasting traffic flows, optimization of bimodal urban networks. The software implementation of a mathematical model to optimize the interaction of urban passenger transport, passenger transfer points and urban trains in major transportation hubs in terms of sustainable development and digitalization was proposed. A toolkit for the integrated interaction of city train, urban passenger transport and passenger transfer points in major cities has been implemented. As a result of the study, a high level of versatility of the proposed model and the possibility of its active practical application was determined.
Calculations of emergency response capabilities as parameters of the queueing system
Authors: Myronenko Viktor , Hrushevska Tetiana , Vasilova Halyna , Yurchenko Oksana
Published: January 2024

The article defines as a scientific problem that requires research the development of a sufficiently simple (for use “in field conditions”) methodology for calculating the capabilities of forces and means of response to man-made, natural and military emergency situations. It is noted that many researchers used the mathematical apparatus of the queueing theory, as well as process modelling with the help of appropriate software, for the theoretical analysis of similar tasks. It is shown that to solve the problem, it is possible to use a mathematical model of the M/M/1 type queueing system (QS), which takes into account the probabilistic nature of the processes of occurrence of emergency situations and response to them, while it was supplemented with an analytical method of calculating the parameters of the QS, which ensure the necessary capability of the forces and means of emergency response. The results of the study are suitable for practical use by emergency services to quickly determine the required number of rescue or repair crews, sanitary teams, vehicles, etc., their equipment and capabilities in responding to emergency situations and overcoming their consequences.
The influence of random factors on the estimation of the speed and time of rolling cuts from sorting humps
Authors: Kozachenko Dmytro , Hermaniuk Yuliia , Grevtsov Serhii
Published: January 2024

The main direction of increasing efficiency and safety of the work of sorting humps is the management automation of breaking-up of trains. The difficulty of solving this problem is due to the fact that it is solved in the absence of accurate information about the running characteristics of the cars, the parameters of their routes of rolling and environmental conditions. In addition to this, car retarders implement given modes with errors. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of various random factors on the indicators of cars rolling from the sorting humps. The research was carried out using methods of simulation modeling, planning of factorial experiments and statistical analysis. As a result, it was established that the main factors affecting the mean square deviation of the time of the cars rolling are the distance of unregulated rolling and the specified speed of the cut leaving the car retarders. The research results make it possible to improve algorithms for determining braking modes for retarders in the absence of accurate information to solve the problem.
Single-Center Experience with Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy in Infants with <36 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Moran Patricia , Sullivan Kelsey , Zanelli Santina A. , Burnsed Jennifer
Published: January 2024

Objective Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has improved outcomes and mortality in infants with >36 weeks' gestational age (GA) with moderate-to-severe HIE. There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of TH in preterm infants with HIE. This study describes our experience and examines the safety of TH in neonates with <36 weeks' GA.

Study Design A single-center, retrospective study of preterm neonates born at <36 weeks' GA with moderate-to-severe HIE and treated with TH, compared to a cohort of term neonates with HIE (≥37 weeks' GA), was conducted. The term cohort was matched for degree of background abnormality on electroencephalogram, sex, inborn versus outborn status, and birth year. Medical records were reviewed for pregnancy and delivery complications, need for transfusion, sedation and antiseizure medications, electroencephalography and imaging findings, and in-hospital mortality.

Results Forty-two neonates born at <36 weeks' GA with HIE received TH between 2005 and 2022. Data from 42 term neonates were analyzed for comparison. The average GA of the preterm cohort was 34.6 weeks and 39.3 weeks for the term cohort. Apgar scores, degree of acidosis, and need for blood product transfusions were similar between groups. Preterm infants were more likely to require inotropic support (55 vs. 29%, p = 0.026) and hydrocortisone (36 vs. 12%, p = 0.019) for hypotension. The proportion of infants without evidence of injury on magnetic resonance imaging was similar in both groups: 43 versus 50% in preterm and term infants, respectively. No significant difference was found in mortality between groups.

Conclusion In this single-center cohort, TH in preterm infants appears to be as safe as in term infants, with no significant increase in intracranial bleeds or mortality. Preterm infants more frequently required inotropes and steroids for hypotension. Further research is needed to determine efficacy of TH in preterm infants.

Key Points
Multidisciplinary Treatment: Follow-Up of Dental Autotransplantation for 10 Years
Authors: Camargo Elisa Souza , Silva Rhafaela Ribeiro , Rodrigues Ádelin Olívia Lopes Joly , Andreis Patricia Kern Di Scala , Maciel José Vinicius Bolognesi , Luczyszyn Sônia Mara , de Souza Evelise Machado , Carneiro Everdan , Vanzela Nathália Juliana , Carlini João Luiz
Published: January 2024

The objective is to present a clinical case of dental autotransplantation managed with surgery, orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, and aesthetic rehabilitation. A 10-year-old boy sought treatment after avulsion of the maxillary left central incisor, which was not reimplanted. Based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and complementary examinations, agenesis of the maxillary and mandibular second premolars except the mandibular right second premolar was observed. After a multidisciplinary planning, the space in the maxillary left central incisor region was opened to receive the transplanted mandibular right second premolar. The receptor site was created in a single surgical procedure. Pulp necrosis was noted in the transplanted tooth, which was treated endodontically, and the agenesis spaces were closed using fixed orthodontic appliances. After removing the appliance, gingivectomy with osteotomy was performed in the maxillary right central incisor and the transplanted tooth regions to harmonize the height and shape of the gingival contour. Next, aesthetic readjustment was performed with tooth whitening, using office and home techniques, followed by microabrasion of the vestibular surface of the maxillary right central incisor. Direct composite resin restorations were placed in the maxillary incisors, and the teeth were rehabilitated using incisal and palatal guides. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for reestablishing the function and aesthetics of complex cases involving dental autotransplantation.
Digital transformation, entrepreneurship, and disruptive innovation: evidence of corporate digitalization in China from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Wu Yuan , Li Ziwei
Published: January 2024

The year 2010 was an important turning point for China’s economy, and the digital economy has become its new feature. In the digital economy wave, digital transformation and innovation are two essential starting points for enterprise development. Few studies have examined the effect of companies’ digital transformation on disruptive innovation, neglecting the role of entrepreneurship. This study aims to address this research gap by developing an analytical framework for digital transformation, entrepreneurship, and disruptive innovation. Based on China’s A-listed firms from 2010 to 2021, we use Python to create indicators for digital transformation and examine its impact on disruptive innovation and the role of entrepreneurship using a double fixed-effects model. The results demonstrate that digital transformation significantly promotes disruptive innovation, and entrepreneurship positively moderates this relationship. Furthermore, heterogeneity analyses show that digital transformation’s positive effects of disruptive innovation and entrepreneurship are more pronounced in non-SOEs, companies in growth and decline stages, and nonmanufacturing companies. However, in SOEs and manufacturing firms, entrepreneurship was unable to moderate this relationship. The conclusions reflect the exploration of the realization mechanism and micro-foundations of the current, in-depth digital transformations, and the findings provide reference guidelines for enabling enterprises to realize digital transformation and disruptive innovation and, relevant experiences.
Numerical study on effects of voltage amplitude in CO2 pulsed discharges under Martian conditions by deep neural network
Authors: Wang Xu-Cheng , Ai Fei , Zhang Yuan-Tao
Published: January 2024

In recent years, non-thermal plasma (NTP) has received an increasing attention for in situ resource utilization of CO2 in the Martian atmosphere. As an important approach to exploring the underpinning physics of NTP, fluid models with tens of species and hundreds of reactions are very time-consuming in simulating CO2 plasmas under Martian conditions, especially driven by the nanosecond pulsed voltage. In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN) with multiple hidden layers is proposed as an example to replace the fluid model to accurately describe the essential discharge features of CO2 pulsed discharge under Martian conditions. After trained by the data from the experimental measurements or numerical simulation and continuously optimized to minimize the loss function, the constructed DNN can achieve a satisfied prediction performance. Compared to the fluid model, the DNN takes only a few seconds to predict the discharge characteristics and profiles of the electric field and particle density, especially to show the spatial–temporal distribution of the given products in CO2 plasmas, such as CO2+, CO3−, CO2v1. This study indicates that a DNN can efficiently yield the essential characteristics in CO2 pulsed discharge even with plenty of species involved in seconds, strongly showing the potential ability to be a highly efficient numerical tool in NTPs with multiple temporal–spatial scales.
Deep learning approaches for modeling laser-driven proton beams via phase-stable acceleration
Authors: Liu Yao-Li , Chen Yen-Chen , Jao Chun-Sung , Wong Mao-Syun , Huang Chun-Han , Chen Han-Wei , Isayama Shogo , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro
Published: January 2024

Deep learning (DL) has recently become a powerful tool for optimizing parameters and predicting phenomena to boost laser-driven ion acceleration. We developed a neural network surrogate model using an ensemble of 355 one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to validate the theory of phase-stable acceleration (PSA) driven by a circularly polarized laser driver. Our DL predictions confirm the PSA theory and reveal a discrepancy in the required target density for stable ion acceleration at larger target thicknesses. We discuss the physical reasons behind this density underestimation based on our DL insights.
Self-similar Reynolds-averaged mechanical–scalar turbulence models for reshocked Richtmyer–Meshkov instability-induced mixing in the small Atwood number limit
Authors: Schilling Oleg
Published: January 2024

Analytical self-similar solutions to two-, three-, and four-equation Reynolds-averaged mechanical–scalar turbulence models describing incompressible turbulent Richtmyer–Meshkov instability-induced mixing in planar geometry derived in the small Atwood number limit [O. Schilling, “Self-similar Reynolds-averaged mechanical–scalar turbulence models for Rayleigh–Taylor, Richtmyer–Meshkov, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability-induced mixing in the small Atwood number limit,” Phys. Fluids 33, 085129 (2021)] are extended to construct models for reshocked Richtmyer–Meshkov mixing. The models are based on the turbulent kinetic energy K and its dissipation rate ε, together with the scalar variance S and its dissipation rate χ modeled either differentially or algebraically. The three- and four-equation models allow for a simultaneous description of mechanical and scalar mixing, i.e., mixing layer growth and molecular mixing. Mixing layer growth parameters and other physical observables were obtained explicitly as functions of the model coefficients and were used to calibrate the model coefficients. Here, the solutions for the singly shocked Richtmyer–Meshkov case for the mixing layer width and the turbulent fields are used to construct piecewise-continuous generalizations of these quantities for times after reshock. For generality, the post-reshock mixing layer width is not assumed to grow with the same power-law as the pre-reshock width, and an impulsive approximation applied to Rayleigh–Taylor instability growth is used to establish the expression for the post-reshock width. A four-equation model is then used to illustrate the spatiotemporal behavior of the mean and turbulent fields and late-time turbulent equation budgets across the mixing layer. The reference solutions derived here can provide systematic calibrations and better understanding of mechanical–scalar turbulence models and their predictions for reshocked Richtmyer–Meshkov instability-induced turbulent mixing in the very large Reynolds number limit.
Investigation of non-ideal effects in compressible boundary layers of dense vapors through direct numerical simulations
Authors: Tosto Francesco , Wheeler Andrew , Pini Matteo
Published: January 2024

In this work, we present an investigation about the sources of dissipation in adiabatic boundary layers of non-ideal compressible fluid flows. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of transitional, zero-pressure gradient boundary layer flows are performed for two fluids characterized by different complexity of the fluid molecules, namely, “air” and siloxane MM. Different sets of thermodynamic free-stream boundary conditions are selected to evaluate the influence of the fluid state on both the frictional loss and the dissipation mechanisms. The thermophysical properties of siloxane MM are calculated with a state-of-the-art equation of state. Results show that the dissipation due to both time-mean strain field, irreversible heat transfer, and turbulent dissipation differs significantly depending on both the molecular complexity of the fluid and its thermodynamic state. The dissipation coefficient calculated from the DNS results is then compared against the one obtained using a reduced-order model (ROM), which solves the two-dimensional boundary layer flow equations for an arbitrary fluid [M. Pini and C. De Servi, “Entropy generation in laminar boundary layers of non-ideal fluid flows,” in 2nd International Seminar on Non-Ideal Compressible Fluid Dynamics for Propulsion and Power (Springer, 2020), pp. 104–117]. Results from both the DNS and the ROM show that low values of the overall dissipation are observed in the case of fluids made of simple molecules, e.g., air, and if the fluid is at a thermodynamic state in the proximity of that of the vapor–liquid critical point.