bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfluss eines starken tropischen Vulkanausbruches auf die Dynamik der mittleren Atmosphäre
Authors: Wallis Sandra , Schmidt Hauke , von Savigny Christian
Published: December 2021

Der Ausbruch des Pinatubos im Jahr 1991 liefert Hinweise darauf, dass eine starke Vulkaneruption eine Störung der Atmosphäre bis in die Region der Mesosphäre verursachen kann. So wurde mit bodengestützten Lidar-Temperaturmessungen über Fort Collins [1] eine Erwärmung der Mesopausenregion von über 12 K beobachtet und auf den vorausgegangenen Pinatuboausbruch zurückgeführt. Die zu Grunde liegenden Mechanismen sind weitgehend unverstanden. Aus diesem Grund nutzen wir das allgemeine Zirkulationsmodell UA-ICON, um einen tropischen Vulkanausbruch zu simulieren bei dem 20 Tg S in die untere Stratosphäre eingetragen werden – dies entspricht etwa der doppelten Schwefelmenge, die während des Pinatuboausbruchs im Jahr 1991 freigesetzt wurde. Das Experiment besteht aus 10 Ensemblemitgliedern, die jeweils einen Zeitraum von 27 Monaten nach der Eruption simulieren. Es deutet auf einen starken Einfluss der Eruption auf die Sommerhemisphäre hin, bei dem eine Erwärmung um mehr als 10 K der unteren polaren Sommermesopausenregion etwa ein halbes Jahr nach der Eruption simuliert wird. Dies scheint auf eine direkte dynamisch getriebene intra-hemisphärische Kopplung zwischen den Tropen und der polaren Sommerhemisphäre hinzudeuten. Dabei ermöglicht diese Simulation es, die intra-hemisphärische Kopplung mit der Sommerhemisphäre separat zu betrachten und eine inter-hemisphärische Kopplung (in Form eines sich verändernden Polarwirbels in der Nordhalbkugel) zu unterdrücken. Eine separate Simulation mit einer zusätzlichen inter-hemisphärische Kopplung wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt. Hierzu wurden Schwerewellenparameter variiert, um eine Verstärkung des nördlichen Polarwirbels zu simulieren, damit einen inter-hemisphärischen Kopplungsweg zu ermöglichen und den Einfluss dieser beiden wichtigen Kopplungsmechanismen getrennt zu betrachten.

 

[1] She et al. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(4):497-500, 1998.
Kumulierte Wetterextreme durch anhaltende Strömungsmuster: Ein bislang unterschätztes Risiko?
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Fallah Bijan , Menz Christoph , Wechsung Frank , Hattermann Fred
Published: December 2021

Scheinbar normale Wetterbedingungen können sich zu Witterungsextremen aufschaukeln, wenn kritische Strömungsmuster länger als gewohnt an Ort und Stelle verweilen. So können die ersten frühsommerlichen Tage der Beginn einer Hitzewelle bzw. Dürreperiode sein oder aber der erhoffte Regen der Beginn einer Flutkatastrophe. Im ungünstigsten Fall treten beide Extreme an verschiedenen Orten entlang der mittleren Breiten der Nordhemisphäre zeitgleich auf (Russland/Pakistan 2010) und übersteigen noch die bislang gesammelten Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Wetterextremen und deren Folgen.

In einer jüngst durchgeführten Studie zur Diagnostik von persistenten Strömungsmustern weltweit, konnten langfristige Entwicklungstrends mittels Bildvergleich detektiert und quantifiziert werden. Vorallem im nordhemisphärischen Sommer sind die Änderungssignale über dem Nordpazifik, Nordatlantik, Europa und Sibirien am stärksten ausgeprägt. Dort gibt es deutliche Hinweise für eine Verlangsamung der Verlagerungsgeschwindigkeit von Hoch- und Tiefdruckgebieten. Entstehende Blockierungen können jahreszeitlich unter Umständen der Auslöser für Extreme sein, wenn der ununterbrochene Transport von Luftmassen gleichen Ursprungs nicht abreißt. Lokal oder auch großräumig sind dann kritische Witterungserscheinungen wie Hitzewellen, Dürren oder Dauerregen sehr wahrscheinlich.

Die durch den Klimawandel ausgelösten Veränderungen in der natürlichen Variabilität des Wetters unterliegen bekanntlich großen Unsicherheiten, die sich u.a. auch durch beachtliche Bandbreiten von veränderten Niederschlagsmustern in Klimaszenarien widerspiegeln. Gegenüber der beobachteten Entwicklungen von Wetterpersistenz zeigen globale Klimasimulationen hingegen eine große Vielfalt in der Verortung von zunehmender Persistenz. In der Konsequenz kann das bedeuten, dass z.B. anhaltende Hochdruckwetterlagen, die zu einem starken Regendefizit führen können (z.B. Europäischer Trockensommer 2018) in den Modellen unterschätzt werden.

Um aus der generellen Dynamik und Rhythmik von Klimamodellen resultierende Entwicklungen meteorologischer Größen abzuleiten, könnte die Diagnostik der simulierten Wetterpersistenz einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. Sie ermöglicht es insbesondere problematische Schwankungen jenseits mittlerer Trends zu identifizieren.
Überprüfung der Homogenitätsannahme und der Gültigkeit der Taylor Hypothese in atmosphärischen Grenzschichtströmungen mittels räumlich verteilter Messungen einer UAS Flotte
Authors: Zink Josef , Wildmann Norman , Wetz Tamino
Published: December 2021

Im Rahmen des Projekts SWUF-3D wurden während der Messkampagne FESSTVaL im Sommer 2021 am Grenzschichtmessfeld (GM) Falkenberg des DWD räumlich separierte Messungen in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht mittels einer Flotte Quadrotor UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) durchgeführt. Es wurden mehrere UAS in einer horizontalen Ebene sowohl in Strömungsrichtung, als auch senkrecht dazu angeordnet, um so das turbulente Windfeld simultan an mehreren festen Punkten zu vermessen. Die Strömungsrichtung wurde dabei aus Windmessungen des 99 m hohen Messmasts am GM bestimmt.  Variierende räumliche Abstände zwischen benachbarten UAS im horizontalen Messmuster erlauben Turbulenzauswertungen als Funktion der Distanz.  Die Messungen können genutzt werden, um die in der atmosphärischen Grenzschichtforschung vielfach verwendeten Annahmen der Homogenität und der Taylor Hypothese zu überprüfen.  Um mögliche Abhängigkeiten dieser Annahmen von unterschiedlichen atmosphärischen Randbedingungen zu erkennen, wurde die Messstrategie unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (neutral, konvektiv und stabil geschichtete Grenzschicht) wiederholt. Die Messergebnisse zeigen, dass im Rahmen der Messgenauigkeit keine signifikante Verletzung der Homogenitätsannahme für die untersuchten atmosphärischen Randbedingungen in der Mikroskala vorliegt.  Abnahmen mit der Distanz der in Strömungsrichtung berechneten Kreuzkorrelationsfunktionen und Kohärenzen, deuten darauf hin, dass Taylor’s Hypothese der eingefrorenen Turbulenz, die mit dem mittleren Wind transportiert wird, nicht gänzlich für alle Skalen anwendbar ist.  Jedoch sind hierbei auch Messgenauigkeiten der UAS und leichte Fehlausrichtung des Messmusters gegenüber der tatsächlich vorherrschenden Windrichtung während des Flugs zu berücksichtigen. Die Fehlausrichtung führt dazu, dass eine turbulente Struktur nicht parallel durch alle Messpunkte durchwandert, sondern mit einer seitlichen Verschiebung. Die Studie zeigt das Potential zur in-situ Vermessung zeitlich und räumlich komplexer Strömungen mit einer Flotte von Quadrotor UAS im Skalenbereich von 5 m bis 200 m. Eine Ausdehnung des Messvolumens über die Mikroskala hinaus kann in Zukunft einen wichtigen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis kohärenter Strukturen in der turbulenten atmosphärischen Grenzschicht leisten.
Construction of an airborne chemiluminescence ozone monitor for volcanic plumes
Authors: Bräutigam Ellen , Bobrowski Nicole , Kuhn Jonas , Rüth Maja , Fuchs Christopher , Platt Ulrich
Published: December 2021

Volcanic plumes contain traces of bromine monoxide, BrO, which catalyze destruction of ozone, O3, mixed into the plume. Therefore, local depletion of O3 in the plume could be possible. However, calculations comparing mixing with the rate of O3 destruction suggest that no significant decline in the O3 concentration should be expected. On the other hand several studies at different volcanoes have found varying degrees of O3 depletion inside the plume. So far, ozone and its concentration distribution in volcanic plumes have only been insufficiently determined. Reliable ozone measurements would make a decisive contribution to the understanding of volcanic plume chemistry.

The standard technique for ambient O3 monitoring is the short-path ultraviolet (UV) absorption instrument. But in volcanic plumes this technique suffers from strong interference of the overlapping SO2 absorption features in the UV. SO2 is one of the major compounds in volcanic plumes.

We want to overcome this problem by relying on the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between ozone and ethene, a standard technique for O3 measurement in the 1970s and 1980s, which we found to have no interference from trace gases abundant in volcanic plumes. The key component of a CL O3-instrument is a reaction chamber, where ethene is mixed into the ambient air and a photomultiplier tube detects the resulting photons.

Field measurements with existing CL O3-monitors are complicated, because they are usually heavy and bulky. Therefore we designed a more compact and lightweight version (10 kg backpack size CL instrument), which was used in a field study at Mount Etna. However, the campaign was restricted to plumes that are pushed down to ground in areas accessible by foot.

Here we report on a further improved version of the instrument weighing around 1 kg, which we can mount onto a drone to carry it into the plume. In particular, we describe the design advances making the reduction in weight and size possible.
Long-term changes in mesospheric wind and wave estimates based on radar observations in both hemispheres
Authors: Kuchar Ales , Stober Gunter , Jacobi Christoph , Pokhotelov Dimitry , Liu Huxin , Liu Han-Li , Baumgarten Kathrin , Brown Peter , Janches Diego , Murphy Damian , Kozlovsky Alexander , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan , Mitchell Nicholas , Motffat-Griffin Tracy
Published: December 2021

Several studies (Banerjee et al. (2020) and before that Sun et al. (2014)) found a trend reversal between winter and summer circulation in the southern hemisphere around 2000 in the middle atmosphere. One may argue that the negative trend after 2000 is due to the CO2-induced change in stratospheric dynamics. However, Ramesh et al. (2020), using the newest WACCM6 simulation and a multiple linear regression model, confirmed that the negative trend in the stratosphere after 2000 can be attributed to ozone recovery. Here we investigate how stratospheric trends relate to trends in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) dynamics. Using the adaptive spectral filtering (ASF) method (Stober et al., 2021), we study long-term changes in mesospheric wind and planetary and gravity wave estimates of meteor radar stations in the northern (NH: Collm, Kiruna, Sodankyla, CMOR) and southern (SH: Rio Grande, Davis, Rothera) hemisphere, respectively, for the altitude range of 80–100 km. Linear trends have been estimated (from monthly means calculated from the preprocessed original data using ASF) by the Theil–Sen estimator (Theil, 1950; Sen, 1968). The robustness of our fitting method is assessed in terms of spurious trends due to, e.g., high autocorrelation of relatively short time series. The long-term changes are validated in two whole-atmosphere models, namely, GAIA and WACCMX-SD (both nudged in the stratosphere). While both models reveal issues reproducing basic climatology in the mesosphere, GAIA fairly reproduces the trends captured by the meteor radars. Finally, we conclude that the ozone recovery effects in the SH stratosphere influence the dynamics in MLT via gravity wave coupling.
Schließungsstudien von Aerosol/Wolkenwechselwirkungen anhand von Lidar- und Radarbeobachtungen während MOASiC
Authors: Engelmann Ronny , Griesche Hannes , Radenz Martin , Hofer Julian , Althausen Dietrich , Ohneiser Kevin , Jimenez Cristofer , Bühl Johannes , Ansmann Albert
Published: December 2021

Während MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) wurden verschiedene Aerosol- und Wolkentypen mit einem Mehrwellenlängen-Polarisations-Raman-Lidar (Polly-XT) der OCEANET-Atmosphere-Plattform und mit dem KAZR-Wolkenradar der ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement user facility) an Bord des Eisbrechers POLARSTERN beobachtet. Im Winterhalbjahr (2019/20) wurden dafür in der zentralen Arktis regelmäßig Aerosole in Oberflächennähe bis in 4-6 km Höhe (arktischer Dunst) und in der oberen Troposphäre und unteren Stratosphäre (Waldbrandrauch, bis in 18 km Höhe) beobachtet. Neu entwickelte Methoden der Fernerkundung ermöglichen die Bestimmung der Konzentrationen von Wolkenkondensationskernen (CCNC), der Wolkentröpfchenanzahl (CDNC), der eiskeimbildenden Partikel (INPC) und sogar, mit Hilfe von Dopplerradarbeobachtungen, der Eiskristallzahl (ICNC). Gleichzeitig sind Profile der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit und der Temperatur aus Raman-Lidar, Mikrowellen-Radiometer und Radiosondierungen verfügbar. Mit Hilfe dieses einzigartigen Datensatzes präsentieren wir eine Aerosol-Wolkenschlussstudie, in der wir zeigen, dass CCNC und CDNC sowie INPC und ICNC miteinander verknüpft werden können. Die Ergebnisse können verwendet werden, um zu testen, welche CCN- und INP-Parametrisierungen (aus idealisierten Labormessungen) im arktischen Regime am besten zutreffen. 
In Anlehnung an diese Methoden werden im zukünftigen Projekt SCiAMO (Smoke Cirrus interaction in the Arctic during MOSAiC) etwa 65 beobachtete Zirren im Hinblick auf Eisnukleationsprozesse in Abhängigkeit vom Auftreten von Rauchpartikeln in der Winter- und Sommersaison analysiert und verglichen.
Der Einfluss von Ozonänderungen auf die stratosphärische Dynamik in 4xCO2-Experimenten
Authors: Hufnagl Leonhard , Eichinger Roland , Garny Hella , Birner Thomas , Kuchař Aleš
Published: December 2021

Eine Erhöhung der atmosphärischen CO2-Konzentration verändert die Temperaturen und Dynamik der Stratosphäre und somit auch die Ozonkonzentrationen. Da Ozon sensibel auf langwellige, als auch auf kurzwellige Strahlung reagiert, wirkt die veränderte Ozonverteilung wiederum auf die Temperatur und modifiziert somit auch die CO2-induzierte Veränderung der stratosphärischen Dynamik. Um diese genau untersuchen zu können, haben wir Modellsimulationen mit dem Klima-Chemie-Modell EMAC durchgeführt, bei denen die CO2-Konzentration im Vergleich zur Zeit der Vorindustrialisierung vervierfacht wurde. Bei den 4xCO2-Simulationen wurde dazu einmal eine nicht veränderte (vorindustrielle) und einmal eine veränderte Ozonverteilung aus einer vorhergegangenen 4xCO2-Simulation vorgeschrieben. Es zeigt sich hierbei, dass die Änderung im Ozon zu einer Verstärkung der stratosphärischen Ostwinde im Sommer, sowie eine Abschwächung des Polarwirbels in beiden Hemisphären führt. Während die hohe Variabilität in der Nordhemisphäre zwar zu keinen eindeutigen Ergebnissen führt, sind diese in der Südhemisphäre statistisch signifikant. Zudem ist die Saison des Polarwirbels durch die CO2-bedingte Veränderung des Ozonfeldes kürzer.  Des Weiteren wird die Beschleunigung der Brewer-Dobson-Zirkulation, welche durch eine CO2-Erhöhung hervorgerufen wird, auf der Sommerhemisphäre durch den Ozoneinfluss gedämpft. Dies beeinflusst wiederum den Transport von den Tropen zu den Extra-Tropen. Die Ozon-bedingten Änderungen in der stratosphärischen Zirkulation beeinflussen auch die troposphärische Zirkulation und haben einen Effekt auf den troposphärischen Polarfrontjet. Dieser erfährt durch eine veränderte Ozonverteilung auf der Südhemisphäre eine systematisch schwächere Verschiebung in Richtung Pol als mit einer gleichbleibenden Ozonverteilung. Wir diskutieren die hier aufgeführten Ergebnisse und stellen diese im Kontext zum Einfluss von stratosphärischem Ozon auf die Dynamik im Klimawandel dar.
Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins – implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation
Authors: Besen Richard M. , Struck Ulrich , Seibertz Ekbert
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Albian to Turonian carbonate deposits at three different locations of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous and thereby of the European mid-Cretaceous epeiric shelf sea were investigated for their fossil agglutinated foraminiferal fauna. In this study, 71 samples from two quarries and three drill cores were treated with formic acid, which enabled the study of agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages even in highly lithified limestones. In total, 114 species were determined and classified as belonging to nine morphogroups. In general, four agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages are distinguished: (1) an uppermost Albian–lowermost Cenomanian assemblage from the Wunstorf drill cores, with the dominant taxa Bathysiphon spp., Nothia spp., Psammosphaera fusca, Reophax subfusiformis, Bulbobaculites problematicus, Tritaxia tricarinata, Flourensina intermedia, Vialovella frankei, Arenobulimina truncata, and Voloshinoides advenus; (2) a Cenomanian assemblage from the Baddeckenstedt quarry and Wunstorf drill cores, with Ammolagena clavata, Tritaxia tricarinata, Vialovella frankei, Arenobulimina truncata, and Voloshinoides advenus; (3) an assemblage related to the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event in Wunstorf and Söhlde dominated by Bulbobaculites problematicus; and (4) a Turonian assemblage in the Wunstorf and Söhlde sections with high numbers of Ammolagena contorta, Repmanina charoides, Bulbobaculites problematicus, Gerochammina stanislawi, and Spiroplectammina navarroana. The latest Albian–earliest Cenomanian assemblage consists of tubular, globular, and elongate foraminiferal morphogroups which are typical for the low- to mid-latitude slope biofacies. All other assemblages are composed of elongate foraminiferal morphogroups with additionally globular forms in the proximal settings of Baddeckenstedt and Söhlde or flattened planispiral and streptospiral forms in more distal settings of Wunstorf. For these assemblages, a new agglutinated foraminiferal biofacies named “mid-latitude shelf biofacies” is proposed herein. Changes in the relative abundance of different morphogroups can often be referred to single features of depositional sequences. Furthermore, classical macro-bioevents, which are often depositional-related, of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous seem to have a micro-bioevent or acme equivalent of the agglutinated foraminiferal fauna.
Establishment and analysis of nonlinear frequency response model of planetary gear transmission system
Authors: Dong Hao , Bi Yue , Liu Zhen-Bin , Zhao Xiao-Long
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Based on the lumped parameter theory, a nonlinear bending torsion coupling dynamic model of planetary gear transmission system was established by considering the backlash, support clearance, time-varying meshing stiffness, meshing damping, transmission error and external periodic excitation. The model was solved by the Runge–Kutta method, the dynamic response was analyzed by a time domain diagram and phase diagram, and the nonlinear vibration characteristics were studied by the response curve of the speed vibration displacement. The vibration test of the planetary gearbox was carried out to verify the correctness of frequency domain response characteristics. The results show that the vibration response in the planetary gear system changes from a multiple periodic response to a single periodic response with the increase in input speed. Under the action of the backlash, time-varying meshing stiffness and meshing damping, the speed vibration displacement response curves of internal and external meshing pairs appear to form a nonlinear jump phenomenon and have a unilateral impact area, and the system presents nonlinear characteristics. The nonlinear vibration of the system can be effectively suppressed by decreasing the mesh stiffness or increasing
the mesh resistance, while the vibration response displacement of the system increases by increasing the external exciting force, and the nonlinear characteristics of the system remain basically unchanged. The backlash is the main factor affecting the nonlinear frequency response of the system, but it can restrain the resonance of the system in a certain range. The spectrum characteristics of the vibration displacement signal of the planetary gearbox at different speeds are similar to the simulation results, which proves the validity of the simulation analysis model and the
simulation results. It can provide a theoretical basis for the system
vibration and noise reduction and a dynamic structural stability design optimization.
DISTRIBUTION OF SIVERS APPLES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE TARBAGATAI STATE NATIONAL NATURAL PARK
Authors: Zhanylkhan Kabievna Alemseitova , Meruert Galуmovna Kuanyshbaeva , Gulnara Sikimbaevna Saparova , Polevik Vasily Vladimirovich
Published: December 2021

The current task in the study of Malus sieversii is the balanced use and protection, conservation, reforestation of the vegetation cover. Malus sieversii is a valuable gene pool on the territory of the State National Natural Park «Tarbagatai», therefore, the study, preservation of its form diversity is necessary for modern and future breeding, reforestation, afforestation. In order to preserve Malus sieversii in its original form, phenological monitoring of environmental, anthropogenic, natural and climatic factors of conditions affecting it is carried out and studied. An important role in increasing the productivity, quality and sustainability of Malus sieversii plantings is played by methods of conducting phenological monitoring control throughout the year, for many years.
ОN THE ISSUE OF MODERNIZATION OF THE COAL LOADING PROCESS AT THE STATIONS
Authors: Lapteva I.I. , Karnakov E.A.
Published: December 2021

The problems arising during the transportation of coal by rail from the Novy Urgal station are considered, with a proposal to modernize the loading process, since coal dust is blown out of them on existing types of gondola cars or open containers and, as a result, pollution of the environment around the railway is observed.
THE STATE OF THE ICHTHYOFAUNA AND FACTORS AFFECTING FISH POPULATIONS OF THE LAKES OF THE KORGALZHYN STATE NATURE RESERVE
Authors: Krainyuk V.N. , Shutkarayev A.V. , Barinova G.K. , Assylbekova A.S.
Published: December 2021

The results of the cadastral survey of 4 reservoirs located on the territory of the Korgalzhyn State Nature Reserve are presented. The assessment of the main biological characteristics of living fish is given: size, weight composition, linear and weight growth rate. In total, 15 species of fish from 5 families were found in the surveyed reservoirs in 2016-2020. The carp family is most widely represented in the reservoirs of the national park, 9 species are noted, the loach, pike and stickleback families are represented by 1 species, perch — 3 species. According to the results of research fishing, it was found that in the lakes of the Korgalzhynsky SNR, the organization of reclamation fishing in the form of total trapping and research fishing is necessary in 2021.
OVERTON-RESONANT SINGING BASIS OF COMPOSITOR LANGUAGE (OVERTONE-RESONANT BASIS OF COMPOSITOR LANGUAGE)
Authors: Gutova Svetlana Yrievna
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates the embodiment of the traditional overtone intonational song beginning in the composer’s work. The application of the main acoustic features of an authentic timbre is described, such as compression, the presence of «specific resonances», reliance on the vocal position and inharmonic overtones. The main composer’s task is to create a piece of music that would imitate or reproduce the resonance characteristic of the folk singing tradition — the overtone. The research is based on the method of sound-acoustic measurement of an audio signal. The work was performed using the Reaper V4,581 audio editor software (Digital Audio Workstation) and a spectrograph built into the Reaper brand iZotop Ozon5 Advansed. This model of the spectrograph allows you to see the spectrogram of the investigated audio material in 3D format and color image, which more accurately reflects the measurements of the vibration frequency of the sound wave, and is also equipped with a broadband FFT analyzer. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of composer folklorism from the point of view of the timbre acoustic model of authentic singing, and the adaptation of expressive means is investigated not within the framework of the style and manner of the melodic presentation of the material of individual composers, but from the point of view of the timbre content of the folklore voice. The article shows how the influence of ethno-singing on composer’s creativity is revealed through the prism of authentic timbre and the given spectral examples.
POLITICAL ASSASSINATION ON MARCH 11, 1801 AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROJECT OF NIKITA PANIN
Authors: Akhmedova Sohiba Sukhbatovna
Published: December 2021

In this article the author considers the role of foreign and domestic political factors in the political assassination of Paul I. The author pays special attention to the constitutional project of Count N.P. Panin, who wanted to limit the autocratic power of the emperor.
FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AS A MODERN STAGE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
Authors: Javadova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Osipova Valeria Valeryevna
Published: December 2021

In a constantly developing world, the role of financial globalization is becoming one of the most important for the future prosperity of the entire world economy. This article examines the situation of countries in the international arena by the level of globalization, in order to compare their components. The threats arising in the process of economic globalization are considered. The pros and cons of globalization in the economy are revealed. Based on the conducted research, reasonable conclusions are made. This work covers a whole range of relevant information on this topic.
PROBLEMS OF THE FIRM’S ACTIVITIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Sergeeva Valeria Sergeevna , Bysova Tatiana Viktorovna , Ponachugin Alexander  Viktorovich
Published: December 2021

The modern world cannot stand still, with the development of human civilization, everything has always developed, and will continue to develop, while amazing discoveries are being made, the latest technologies are being developed and created. In such a world, there are a large number of problems requiring immediate intervention and threatening the most unexpected and unpredictable consequences. That is why, in the event of any problems and troubles, it is very important to be mobile, flexible and maneuverable, for their quick solution, it is important to be able to quickly adapt to the rapid changes in the world around us.
EMOTIONAL BURNOUT AMONG THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PROFESSIONAL GROUP TEACHERS
Authors: Fedortsova Svetlana Sergeevna , Kovyarova Vitalina Andreevna
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the concept and features of the formation of emotional burnout syndrome; empirical data of emotional burnout among representatives of the professional group «teachers» are given, conclusions are drawn based on the results of the study; general recommendations for the prevention of emotional burnout for representatives of the professional group «teachers» are given.
Oferta programática en materia de política económica en diez economías occidentales (Alemania, Argentina, Brasil, Chile, EE.UU., España, Francia, México, R.U. y Suecia) 1980-2015
Authors: Ramírez Franco Luz Dary
Published: December 2021

Este artículo defiende la tesis de que, independientemente del posicionamiento ideológico de los partidos políticos, estos deben aplicar las medidas del modelo neoliberal debido a la dependencia que las economías tienen de las Organizaciones Financieras Internacionales, OFIs. Para validar la tesis, el artículo mide la adaptación de la oferta programática de diez economías al modelo neoliberal. Se usa la base de datos del Manifesto Research on Political Representation, (MARPOR), para construir una Matriz de Política Pública Neoliberal y un Índice de Política Neoliberal (IPONE), que se compara con el índice RILE (Right-Left). El análisis se realiza para los 19 partidos políticos que han gobernado estas economías durante los 36 años de estudio. Se concluye que la gran mayoría de partidos se mueven de manera fluctuante tanto en el espectro-izquierda derecha como con respecto a la política neoliberal. Los hallazgos de esta investigación cuestionan el autoposicionamiento de los partidos y permiten afirmar que el neoliberalismo efectivamente fue aplicado tanto por partidos de derecha como por partidos de izquierda.
Percepções de professores de Química sobre o trabalho em espaços de educação não formal e os desafios para incluir estudantes com deficiência nesses locais
Authors: Lopes Bruna Olívia da Silva , Souza Vinícius Catão de Assis , Carvalho Regina Simplício
Published: December 2021

Investigou-se neste trabalho o potencial dos espaços não formais de educação para favorecer o ensino e a aprendizagem dos conceitos químicos, tendo o foco nas questões educacionais que perpassam a inclusão. Assim, nesta pesquisa qualitativa/exploratória entrevistou-se seis professores de Química de duas escolas públicas de Viçosa (MG) sobre o trabalho nestes espaços e as

Investigou-se neste trabalho a percepção de professores de Química sobre o potencial dos espaços não formais para favorecer o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos químicos, tendo o foco nas questões educacionais relativas à inclusão. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa/exploratória entrevistou-se seis professores de Química em duas escolas públicas de Viçosa (MG), abordando o trabalho nestes espaços não formais e as possibilidades que eles apresentam para incluir diferentes estudantes. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram transcritas e analisadas com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados apontaram que, embora haja dificuldades logísticas, os professores avaliaram que nestes espaços os estudantes interagem mais com novos saberes e com os colegas, contextualizando a Química. Concluiu-se que os dois Museus analisados não estavam preparados para atender os estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial devido a falta de acessibilidade física e linguística, além da escassez de tecnologias assistivas para acessar as informações dos acervos em exposição.

possibilidades que eles apresentam para incluir diferentes estudantes. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram transcritas e analisadas com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados apontaram que embora haja dificuldades logísticas para visitar os Museus, os professores avaliaram que nestes espaços os estudantes interagem mais com novos conhecimentos e com os colegas, aproximando a Química do dia a dia. Concluiu-se ainda que os Museus analisados não estavam preparados para atender estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial, devido à falta de acessibilidade física e linguística, além da escassez de tecnologias assistivas para acessar informações dos acervos em exposição.
O campo acadêmico da educação especial como ponto de encontro entre universidade e escola
Authors: Pavezi Marilza , Benitez Priscila , Casagrande Rosana de Castro
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a Educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, a partir da parceria colaborativa entre escola e universidade. Como fundamentação teórica foram utilizados Bourdieu (2014); Rousseau (1995, 2008) e diversos autores da Educação Especial e Inclusiva. Para atingirmos o objetivo, o trabalho qualitativo, de cunho bibliográfico abarcou aspectos voltados: (i) conceitos, concepções e paradigmas que permeiam a Educação Especial brasileira; (ii) Atendimento Educacional Especializado na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva; e (iii) O papel da universidade brasileira e o campo acadêmico da Educação Especial: ações extensionistas, de ensino e de pesquisa. Destacamos que é fundamental uma atuação acadêmica que supere os discursos individuais, dada à interdisciplinaridade necessária para solução das demandas educacionais típicas desse contexto.
PKM Penerapan Teknologi Informasi Sebagai Sarana Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar Bagi Guru-Guru Sd Negeri Tugu 1 Cimanggis Kota Depok) )
Authors: Sagita Sri Melati , Amalia Rini , Faisal Achmad
Published: December 2021

Saat ini, kasus coronavirus disease atau dikenal dengan istilah covid-19 di Indonesia telah terjadi lonjakan yang besar. Hal ini menjadi kekhawatiran karena kasus ini akan terus membesar risikonya dan mengancam banyak sektor, termasuk dunia pendidikan. Kini pendekatan pembelajaran telah berubah ke arah pembelajaran abad pengetahuan. Orang dapat belajar di mana saja, kapan saja, dengan siapa saja. Itulah ciri pembelajaran abad pengetahuan yang dikenal sebagai berbasis komputer, model pembelajaran daring atau Online Learning Model (OLM). Oleh karena itu proses belajar mengajar harus memanfaatkan dan menerapkan teknologi informasi. Beralihnya pembelajaran model konvesional dengan model pembelajaran daring, didapati beberapa kendala. Kendala pertama adalah kesiapan perangkat dan tentu paket data internet, kedua tidak semua guru dan murid siap mengoperasikan sistem pembelajran daring dengan cepat, termasuk juga mempersiapkan bahan pembelajaran secara digital. Para guru dan murid diharapkan mulai mentransfer pengetahuan dan ketramplian agar lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam belajar, menerapkan teknologi Informasi agar dimanfaatkan seluasluasnya untuk menatap hari depan lebih cerah. Salah satu yang bisa dilakukan ialah penerapan teknologi informasi dengan pembelajaran daring atau Online Learning Model (OLM) dengan memiliki ketrampilan mengunakan aplikasi bandicam dan google form.
Tools Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak dalam Membuat Pemodelan Desain Menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Authors: Yasin Verdi
Published: December 2021

Pengembangan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak berorientasi Objek, saat ini menggunakan tools pemodelan desain yang sesuai dengan model perancangan aplikasi sistem berorientasi objek. Dalam membangun suatu aplikasi sistem berorientasi objek atau berorientasi langsung dengan para pengguna (Users), maka tools yang tepat untuk di gunakan sebagai tools perancangan aplikasi sistem berorientasi objek yang dapat menggambarkan model proses (blueprint) dari suatu Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Berorientasi Objek ialah Unified Modeling Language (UML). Unified Modelling Language (UML) adalah suatu metode dalam pemodelan secara visual yang digunakan sebagai sarana perancangan sistem berorientasi objek. Awal mulanya, UML diciptakan oleh Object Management Group dengan versi awal 1.0 pada bulan Januari 1997 [13]. Pada September 1997 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML) versi 1.1 dengan 8 buah diagram, Pada tahun 1999 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML)  versi 1.3, menjadi 9 buah diagram, dengan penambahan “Business  use case Diagram”, Pada bulan Mei 2001 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML)  versi 1.4, menjadi 10 buah diagram, dengan penambahan “Object Diagram”, Pada tahun 2002 lahirlah Unified Modeling Language (UML)  versi 2.0, menjadi 13 buah diagram, dengan penambahan menjadi 13 buah diagram [1]-[3]. Model diagram proses yang dapat di kembangkan atau dibangun menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) ialah Use Case Diagram, Business Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Object Diagram, Class Diagram, StateChart Diagram, Collaboration Diagram, Component Diagram, Deployment Diagram, Composite Structure Diagram, Interaction Overview Diagram, Package Diagram, Timing Diagram. Unified Modeling Language (UML) diharapkan mampu mempermudah pengembangan perangkat lunak serta memenuhi semua kebutuhan pengguna dengan efektif, lengkap, dan tepat. Hal itu termasuk faktor-faktor scalability, robustness, security. Adapun tujuan dan fungsi perlu adanya Unified Modeling Language (UML) yakni (1) Dapat memberikan bahasa pemodelan visual atau gambar kepada para pengguna dari berbagai macam pemrograman maupun proses umum rekayasa,  (2) Menyatukan informasi-informasi terbaik yang ada dalam pemodelan, (3) Memberikan suatu gambaran model atau sebagai bahasa pemodelan visual yang ekspresif dalam pengembangan sistem, (4) Tidak hanya menggambarkan model sistem software saja, namun dapat memodelkan sistem berorientasi objek, (5) Mempermudah pengguna untuk membaca suatu sistem. Dan Unified Modeling Language (UML) berguna sebagai blueprint  dalam perancangan berupa coding suatu program. Software yang dapat menggambarkan Unified Modeling Language (UML) ialah Aplikasi StarUML. Aplikasi StarUML dapat digunakan untuk membuat suatu alur atau proses dari suatu prosedur program yang ingin dibuat dengan cara menggambarkan model perangkatnya. Didalam StarUML terdapat beberapa bagian utama dari Unified Modeling Language (UML)  yaitu view, diagram, model element, dan general mechanism.
Study of Waste Management Flats Case Study: Simple Rent Flats (Rusunawa) Kayu Putih
Authors: Fadila Dani , Siahaan N. M. , Lindarto D.
Published: December 2021

The absence of the implementation of policies regarding waste management for flats for residents and managers is one of the causes of the waste management of flats not running in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. While the implementation of vertical housing such as flats will continue to be developed by the government in an effort to increase land use in urban areas.
This research aims to examine the conditions of waste management in the area of the Kayu Putih Flats, Medan. The research was carried out with a descriptive qualitative approach, namely by measuring waste generation and observing the pattern of waste management applied by the residents and managers of the flats. In this way, the point of the problem of waste management will be known.

Keywords: Waste Management, Flats, Knowledge.
Non-Performing Loan Determinants during COVID-19 Pandemic
(Case Study at Bank XYZ)
Authors: Suradi Didi , Siregar Hermanto , Sartono Bagus
Published: December 2021

Non-Performing Loans (NPL) is a financial ratio that shows the credit risk faced as a result of granting credit and investment funds on different portfolios. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) before and during the Covid 19 pandemic at Bank XYZ. NPL can be caused by internal or external factors from Bank XYZ. The analytical method used is the Mixed method which combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data analysis used multiple linear regression method using time series data for the 1st quarter of 2013- 4th quarter of 2020. The analysis method used multiple linear regression to see the influence of internal factors are total credit, Return on Equity, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Net Interest Margin, total assets, BOPO, condition dummy before after transformation and external factors are Benchmark Interest Rate, exchange rate (exchange rate), Inflation, Industry Production Index, dummy conditions before and during the Covid 19 pandemic on Bank XYZ's NPL. The estimated regressions are the overall NPL, the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) Business Segment NPL, the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) Business Segment for the wholesales business sector, and the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) Business Segment NPL for the Retailer business sector. Data processing using E-views software version 9.0. The result of this research are factors that affect the overall NPL: Dummy Transformation, Net Interest Margin, and total assets, for the NPL for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) segment: total assets, dummy transformation and Net Interest Margin (NIM), NPL for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) business sector Wholesales: BOPO NIM, Lending growth, total assets, ROE and Dummy Transformation, for the NPL segment of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Retailer business sector: Net Interest Margin (NIM) and total assets. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on NPLs was most felt by the NPL all, SME business segment credit and the wholesales business sector.

Keywords: covid-19 pandemic, NPL, NPL SME, retailer, wholesales.
Sediment Load Concentration and Resultant Channel Planform in the Lower Gandak Plain
Authors: Prasad Ramashray , Rishideo Jitendra
Published: December 2021

Erosion, transportation and deposition by running water are closely related and these works are performed in association and not in isolation. One cannot be performed without others. These works are determined on other factors like topography, geology, structure and composition of rocks, slope, amount of water availability and its characteristics, climate etc. Huge catchment area of the Gandak River is lying in the Himalayan mountainous region. This region is receiving good amount of rainfall concentrated in four months of monsoonal period June to September (JJAS). This period has also high temperatures leading to large amount of glacial ice melt. Hence, enormous water is drained off the mountain steep slope. The Himalaya is very young and has fragile rocks and ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities in those areas are primary cause, apart from natural weathering, for generation of more and more shattered materials which are brought by running water downstream much easily. Therefore, highly sediment concentrated water brings large quantity of loads. It is deposited in suitable conditions along its paths in the plain and with flood water. It results the formation of flood plain. According to the erosion and deposition, different types of major and minor features are formed. In other words, water and sediment determine the layout of the plain appearance. In this background, it is attempted to (i) study sediment concentration in discharged water and (ii) illustrate the channel planform of the Gandak River in the plain. To achieve these aims, secondary data has been collected and analyzed. It is expected that this study will help in executing an integrated development plan for the flood affected area of Lower Gandak River Plain.

Keywords: sediment load, channel bars, channel planform, meandering, braiding, slope/gradient and channel cutoff.
Students’ Perception of the Implementation of Edmodo Learning Platform in Online Learning
Authors: Prastyo Yanuar Dwi , Solihah Maratus
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of the Edmodo learning platform in online learning. This study was conducted to determine students' perceptions about the application of the Edmodo learning platform in online learning and the benefits of using Edmodo. This research used qualitative method. The population used in this study was 20 students. Purposive sampling was used in this study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Many applications are used in online learning, but students need applications that are comfortable to use while online when learning online. So that students don't feel bored when learning online, teachers must use several methods. Edmodo is often used to help do online learning because it can be done anywhere and anytime. The result of this study showed that implementation of Edmodo is very helpful for students in doing online learning, because Edmodo is easy to use. Combining the two instruments, the Edmodo application is able to facilitate them in online English classes. Most of the respondents agreed that Edmodo is used in online learning.

Keywords: Edmodo learning platform, online learning, online English classes
Relationship between Parental Smoking and Children’s Pulmonary Function
Authors: Sutaria Trupti , Talati Neepa , Vaghasiya Apeksha
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To Study/Understand the Exposure-response Relationship between Parental Smoking and Children’s Pulmonary Function
Materials and Method: Participants were selected randomly who fit into the inclusion criteria. Selected participants to be then made understood for the nature of study. Subjects were asked to seat upright on table / stool facing the Spirometer machine. Spirometer was done with the RMH Helios computerized Spirometer. Subjects were asked use nose clip and exhale complete and maximum air for long duration then immediately take deep inspiration followed by complete and maximum expiration for long time. Out of 3 or 4 manoeuvres the best manoeuvre was selected and % predicted of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 was documented.
Results: Statical analysis was done by using Parametric (unpaired t test) and or nonparametric (Mann Whitney) statical test with 95 % class interval (one tailed p). Spearman’s correlation test was obtained to check the relationship between variables.
Conclusion: There is a significant reduction in PEFR due to obstructive effect of parental smoking (passive smoking) on pulmonary function of the children. And with increase in number of packs per years, there is a reduction in FEV1, FVC, PEFR and FEF25 -75 of children.

Keywords: Passive Smoking, Pulmonary Function, children.
Manual Therapy Interventions for Adhesive Capsulitis: A Review
Authors: Nakandala Piumi
Published: December 2021

Adhesive Capsulitis is a debilitating condition which causes the capsule of the Gleno-humeral joint to get thickened and contracted progressively. The prevalence of the disease is much higher in the middle aged and elderly community. It is characterized by pain in the shoulder, and advance towards the restriction of the active and passive glenohumeral motions and thereby obstructing the overall functional activities of the daily living. The effectiveness of various non-operative methods in the treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis has been demonstrated in the literature. Corticosteroid injections and the oral medications are known to be alleviating the pain levels and the inflammatory reactions but not the mobility of the affected joint. Joint mobilization techniques, electrotherapeutic modalities and other manual treatment methods are also found to be effective. In summary, this review focuses on the pathophysiology of the adhesive capsulitis, stages of the condition progress and various manual therapy interventions.

Keywords: Gleno-humeral joint, frozen shoulder, rehabilitation, active and passive movements, functional activities.
Relationship of Nurse's Knowledge with Measures Nosocomial Infection Prevention in the Room Internal Care of a Regional General Hospital, Majene Regency
Authors: Wahyuddin Munadiah , B Suaib. , Nuraditya Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired by the patient when the patient is in the nursing care process at the hospital that occurs at least after 3 x 24 hours since the patient started treatment in the hospital. The risk of nosocomial infection in addition to occurring in patients who are hospitalized, can also occur in hospital staff. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses' knowledge and prevention of nosocomial infections in the internal care room of the Majene Regency General Hospital. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study were all nurses in the internal treatment room of the Majene Regency General Hospital as many as 30 people. Collecting data by using a questionnaire. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the majority of respondents about nosocomial infections was good, namely 27 people (90%) and the level of knowledge of respondents about prevention of nosocomial infections was good, namely 18 people (60%). Based on the results of the Fisher's exact test, the value of p = 0.054 which means it is greater than the value of = 0.05, which means that there is no relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of nurses on prevention of nosocomial infections.

Keywords: Knowledge, Nosocomial Infections, Preventive Measures.
On composition operators of Fibonacci matrix and applications of Hausdorff measure of noncompactness
Authors: Hazarika Bipan , Das Anupam , Kara Emrah Evren , Basar Feyzi
Published: December 2021

The aim of the paper is introduced the composition of the two infinite matrices $\Lambda=(\lambda_{nk})$ and $\widehat{F}=\left( f_{nk} \right).$ Further, we determine the $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, $\gamma$-duals of new spaces and also construct the basis for the space $\ell_{p}^{\lambda}(\widehat{F}).$ Additionally, we characterize some matrix classes on the spaces $\ell_{\infty}^{\lambda}(\widehat{F})$ and $\ell_{p}^{\lambda}(\widehat{F}).$ We also investigate some geometric properties concerning Banach-Saks type $p.$Finally we characterize the subclasses $\mathcal{K}(X:Y)$ of compact operators by applying the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness, where $X\in\{\ell_{\infty}^{\lambda}(\widehat{F}),\ell_{p}^{\lambda}(\widehat{F})\}$ and $Y\in\{c_{0},c, \ell_{\infty}, \ell_{1}, bv\},$ and $1\leq p<\infty.$