bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroless Ni-P-Zn Alloy Deposition on Surface of Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Liu Yu De , Jiang Bo Quan , Xiao Zheng Qiang
Published: October 2011

Electroless plating technique was used to deposit Ni-Zn-P alloy on low carbon steel surface. The optimal process conditions for the Ni-Zn-P deposition rate were determined and under which the bath remained stable and the maximum deposition rate reached 14.5×10-5mol/(cm2•h). The optimal technical conditions for the Ni-Zn-P alloy corrosion resistance performance were also determined and under which the ternary alloy obtained the longest corrosion time. The SEM image and XRD pattern showed that the deposited Ni-Zn-P coating exhibited good smoothness, high density, free of defects and was proven to be a mixture of inhomogeneous phase and nickel solid solution at plating state.
Pressurized Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Isoflavones from Soy
Authors: Zeng Jiang Nan , Jiang Bo Quan , Xiao Zheng Qiang , Li Shu Huan
Published: October 2011

Design-Expert 7.0 software was used to carry out the response surface test on isoflavones extraction from soybean. The three factors of ethanol mass fraction, pressure and ratio of liquid to solid were investigated and their optimal values were determined to be: 61.50%, 152.00 KPa and 21:1, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum extraction rate of 3.58 mg/g was obtained, which is about 11% higher than that obtained at atmosphere. The established second multivariate regression equation was proven to be consistent with the experiment and can be used to predict the extraction rate of the isoflavones from soybean under different technical conditions.
Research and Design of XML Based Abstract Component
Authors: Zhou Chuan Sheng , Liu Jie
Published: October 2011

Today, in practice, most of Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is focusing on the development of new components to build new software or upgrade the old software. This is not the finial purpose of CBSE. The finial purpose of CBSE is to separate the component development from software and application development and the software developers can use different components to compose or build a components based software. How to effectively and efficiently use components to develop software is still a bottleneck to limit the CBSE application. Here, by research on the component and XML technologies, to illustrate a XML based design of Abstract Component technology for components integration and to improve the efficiently usage of CBSE
The Ply Stacking Optimization for Composite Laminated Structure: Application of Tabu Search Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: October 2011

In this paper, tabu search algorithm, the laminated overlay has been optimized. The total thickness of the laminated structure under certain circumstances, to composite laminates maximum system reliability indices as the objective function, the composite fiber orientation angle and relative thickness of the optimized design. It is through the local neighborhood search mechanism and the corresponding tabus to avoid circuitous search criteria and standards to cut through the broken tabu excellent release from the state, thereby ensuring a variety of effective exploration in order to ultimately achieve global optimization. This article is laminated overlay design provide a new and efficient framework, the framework of the algorithm relative to the previously used method has obvious advantages: After a limited number of cycles that can converge to satisfactory results, the optimization process shows good robustness of the algorithm, and the method to solve the structural optimization of composite materials and other combinatorial optimization problems provide a new way of thinking. This paper describes the basic idea of tabu search algorithm, composition, processes, principles, and so on.
The Effect of Compactive Efforts on the Hydraulic Conductivity Behaviour of Oil Contaminated Lateritic Soils
Authors: Ijimdiya Thomas Stephen , Elaigwu Friday
Published: October 2011

Large quantities of oil contaminated soils result from pipeline vandalization, onshore and offshore oil spills every year in Nigeria. An extensive laboratory program was carried out to determine the effect of varying compactive efforts on the hydraulic conductivity behaviour of oil contamination lateritic soils. Hydraulic conductivity tests were carried out on both the natural and oil contaminated soil samples at the Reduced British Standard Light (RBSL), British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energies. Contaminated specimens were prepared by mixing the lateritic soil with maximum 6 % oil concentration by weight of dry soil. The results obtained indicated a decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the contaminated soil samples with increasing compactive efforts.
Lateritic Soil Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as Flexible Highway Pavement Materials
Authors: Edeh Joseph E. , Eberemu Adrian O. , Agnes Onah
Published: October 2011

This paper presents the results of the laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of lateritic soil stabilized reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP), using 0 – 2% cement, subjected to British Standard Light (BSL) compactive effort to determine their index, compaction and california bearing ratio (CBR) results. The result of the laboratory tests show that the properties of RAP improved when stabilized with lateritic soil, using up to 2% cement. The particle size distribution improved from poorly graded sandy GRAVELLY material for 100% lateritic soil and very sandy GRAVELLY material, to the gradation described as well graded very sandy GRAVELLY material for lateritic soil stabilized RAP, using up to 2% cement. The CBR results obtained from the study show that using the Nigerian General Specifications, 180% CBR value criterion, the maximum CBR of 55% (soaked) for the mix proportion; 40% Laterite + 58% RAP + 2% Cement for A-2-7(2) soil prescribed by the latter is not adequate for stabilization of base coarse. However, judging by the 24-hour strength gain from 17.9 (unsoaked) to 55% (soaked) CBR values, the material can be used as subgrade and subbase materials.
An Indirect Passive Solar Dryer for Drying
Authors: Alonge A. F. , Oniya O. O.
Published: October 2011

A solar drying system designed on the principles of convective heat flow, constructed from local materials was employed in drying yam (Dioscorea Alata). A glass collector having an efficiency of about 0.63 was used along with an absorber for absorbing the heat energy. The drying chamber consisted of drying trays. A chimney fitted at the top centre of the drying chamber enhanced airflow. Air passing through the collector heated up and dried the foodstuff in the drying chamber. The latitude of Ilorin is 8.26oN and the collector angle could be varied . 56o C, 41o C and 71o C were obtained as the maximum attainable temperatures for the drying chamber, ambient and collector respectively. Two samples of yam chips, each weighing 1560g and having an average size of 1cm thick, were dried both inside the dryer and outside the dryer within its surrounding. The initial moisture content of the yam was 70.3% (wet basis) and its final moisture content was 9% (wet basis).The result was compared to natural sun drying. It was observed that the drying time was reduced from 52 hours for sun drying to 45 hours for solar drying. The total cost of the construction was 6, 105 Naira.
Activity Sampling Based Work and Performance Analyisis at a Tourist Services Company in South Africa
Authors: Myaka N. , Mbohwa C. , Nemarumane M.
Published: October 2011

This paper discusses the application of activity sampling in work and performance analysis in a tourist services company. Abnormal job delays were observed based on mainly employee observation studies at the tourist company in South Africa. A detailed account of the data collected is presented, assessed and analysed for three departments, the administration department, marketing department and the reception. The importance of activity sampling in organizations was demonstrated by its use in identifying idle and ineffective time in these departments. A large number of observations were made over a period of time to afford the results and findings the necessary statistical significance. Observations enabled recording of what was happening at given instances to determine activities undertaken and to capture delays. The study shows the importance of activity sampling in diagnosing problems and supporting decision making and taking in a service organisation.
Design and Development of an Integrated Small-Scale Oil Palm Fruit Processing Mill
Authors: Ilechie C.O. , Ibhadode Akii Okonigbon Akaehomen , Abikoye B.O.
Published: October 2011

The oil palm (elaeis guneensis) is a very important economic crop in West Africa where it is native. The fruit bunch contains 23 to 30% oil and is the highest yielding of all vegetable oil crops. Palm oil is the second most important vegetable oil in world consumption and the first to be commercialized internationally. Africa and indeed Nigerian was the world’s highest producer of palm oil prior to 1961. Today, Nigeria is the fourth largest producer after Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. One of the main reasons given for this fall is lack of efficient mechanized processing equipment for the small-scale producers who produce over 80% of the country’s palm oil. Their methods of production are labour intensive, batch, tedious, inefficient, and produce poor quality oil, have low throughput, unable to extract palm kernel alongside palm oil and so productivity is low and products (palm oil and palm kernel) lack competitiveness. This work has developed a mechanized oil palm fruit processing mill with six fully integrated systems for extracting good quality palm oil and palm kernel, while utilizing process wastes as the main source of heat energy. Each system/unit is expected to operate at the best quoted system efficiency. Tests are ongoing to determine and confirm these efficiencies.
Geophysical Survey as a Surface Tool in Groundwater Exploration in Delta North District, Nigeria
Authors: Ezomo F.O. , Akujieze C.N.
Published: October 2011

Geophysical survey based on electrical resistivity method employing the techniques of vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out in order to investigate Groundwater existence in Delta North District, of Nigeria. This research work became necessary in order to solve the problem of acute water shortage in the area by way of prospecting or searching for additional aquifers which would subsidize the existing one, domestically, industrially and agriculturally. Ten (10) vertical electrical sounding (VES) (uniformly distributed) tests were conducted in the area and its environs using “Schlumberger” electrode array. The VES were carried out with half current electrode spacing with the spread Im-928m at six (06) points per decade. The results of the interpretation identified wet sand/clean sand as perched aquifer which can deliver ground water to the bore-hole at perceptible rates between depths of 85m to 145m below sea level. The resistivity of the aquifer detected varied from 95.0 ohm-m to 110,000 ohm-m while the thickness ranged from 30.0m to 105.0m.
Two Layered Embedded Encryption for Multiple Frequency RFID Tags
Authors: Karthikeyan K. , Bajpai Gaurav
Published: October 2011

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification system. The data storage and retrieval on special devices are carried by RFID tags or transponders. RFID tag applications include enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management. These replace bar codes and other low cost remote sensors earlier in use.
The Research of Dynamic Properties on the Roof in Ancient Timber Buildings
Authors: Zhao Hong Tie , Zhang Feng Liang , Xue Jian Yang
Published: October 2011

Take the roof of the palace timber structure as the study objection, according to the requirements of the Ying-tsao fa-shih, it establishes the model. Through the analysis of the dynamic properties with ANSYS finite element software and shaking table test, it gets the structural dynamic properties and its maximal response under different conditions, and abstains the seismic amplification coefficient of the beams layer and the whole structure, compares the results reached by shaking table test with the numerical simulation. Research shows that the nature frequency of the model is 1.486 Hz; the roof’s nature frequency is much bigger than that of the whole structure; with the increase of earthquake and the height of model, the maximal displacement value of beam layer gradually increases; the shock absorption effect of semi-rigid Sun-Mao connection in major earthquake (400gal) is better than that in moderate earthquake (220gal)and minor earthquake (110gal); the seismic amplification coefficient value between layers lies in 1, that between roof and arch shop lies in 0.9 or so.
Studies on the Criteria of Post-Earthquake Building Safety Evaluation Based on Principle “Repairable Level under Moderate Earthquake”
Authors: Ma Jiao Rong
Published: October 2011

This study focuses on the reliability assessment of buildings subjected to moderate earthquake loadings. The safety of the buildings is expressed with criteria of both global level and member level summarized from the deformation-based design theories in the overseas codes. The inter-story drift ratio is chosen as the key criteria. An allowable inter-story drift ratio of repairable level is proposed for seismic design, and a numerical example is examined. The results indicate that the allowable inter-story drift can effectively control the damage level under moderate earthquake.
Research on Surface Failure Mechanism and Building Stability for Coal Mining
Authors: Ji Hong , Yu Xue Yi , Gao Zhi Xing
Published: October 2011

The engineering geological condition of the mine goaf and the exploitation method are proposed with an engineering example. With the study on surface failure mechanism, the structural stability of key layer and the deformation control function of damaged buildings, the simulation model is built. The surface movement is analyzed with FLAC3D. Moreover, the building stability and impacts of mine goaf are evaluated. Finally, the disposal measures of mine goaf and the protection methods of buildings are given. By comparing the simulation results with the practical observation data on surface movement, the condition and method produced are efficient and precise.
Dynamic Behavior Analysis and its Application in Tower Crane Structure Damage Identification
Authors: Wang Sheng Chun , Shen Rong Sheng , Jin Tong Hong , Song Shi Jun
Published: October 2011

First establish a dynamic model of tower crane in the load lifting process, the lifting load is solved.Then establish the FEM model of the tower crane under the normal and the damage condition. Get the dynamic displacement of the normal and the damage status under the lifting dynamic load. Propose a damaged diagnosis method by the displacement rate. The results of the study show that this method can not only diagnose the structural damage status, but also determine the positions of structural damage. This will be a new search on tower crane structural health diagnosis.
Analysis on Dynamic Transfer Characteristics of Low Geosynthetic-Reinforced Embankments Supported by CFG Piles Subjected to High-Speed Railway
Authors: Fu Long Long , Gong Quan Mei , Wang Yang
Published: October 2011

To investigate the dynamic transfer characteristics of low geosynthetic-reinforced embankments supported by CFG piles under high-speed train load, a numerical study has been conducted through dynamic finite element method on basis of the dynamic field test on a cross-section of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The comparative analysis on results of numerical study and field test indicated the distribution characteristics of vertical dynamic stress induced by high-speed train load in subgrade soil under railway line. The numerical results also suggested a high stress area in subgrade where vertical dynamic stress is over 1kPa. Conclusions of this work can provide reference for both design and estimation of long-term settlement of low geosynthetic-reinforced embankments supported by CFG piles for high-speed railway.
A Semi-Analytical Solution of Single-Phase Elastic Foundation Three-Dimensional Static Characteristics
Authors: Cao Cai Qin , Gao Chao , Li Hua
Published: October 2011

Based on the single-phase elastic soil medium control equations and boundary conditions [1], by using the weighted residual method, a semi-analytical theory of elastic foundation three-dimensional static response was established. When the uniformly distributed loads were applied on the elastic half space foundation, the change rules of vertical displacement, lateral displacement, lengthways displacement were analyzed numerically, and compared with the theoretical solution [2]. The result shows that foundation displacements are completely symmetrical or antisymmetrical about x = 0 plane and y = 0 plane. The maximum vertical displacement appears in the center of load range, the maximum lateral and lengthways displacements appear at the edge of load range, and the displacements get smaller far from the loads.
Quantitative Assessment of the Disturbance Factor in Hoek–Brown Formulas
Authors: Luo Guan Jun , Fu Wen Xi
Published: October 2011

Due to the subjectivity and limitation for estimating the disturbance factor in the Hoek–Brown formulas, this paper proposes the term "the generalized disturbance factor" and points out that this term is more appropriate in describing the degree of disturbance of the Hoek–Brown rock mass. The longitudinal wave velocity is selected to quantify the generalized disturbance factor. The feasibility of the recommended method is examined in this paper by use of the basic data and in-situ testing results of a project.
Experimental Research on Seismic Behaviors of T-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Frame Joints
Authors: Xu Cheng Xiang , Wu Zan Jun , Zeng Lei
Published: October 2011

To understand mechanical characteristics and seismic behaviors of T-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) joints, cyclic loading tests were carried out on four 1/2-scale exterior joints of top floor. The study includes joints’ mechanical character, failure mode, hysteretic behavior, ductility, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation under different height of beam and different axial compression ratios. The results indicate that frame joints satisfy the design principle of stronger joints and weaker components. The hysteretic loops are plump, ductility and energy dissipation capacity is better than that of ordinary reinforced concrete joints. Axial compression ratios can influence seismic behaviors of frame joints to some degree.
Study on the Dissolved Oxygen(DO) on the Short-Cut Nitrification in Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR)
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Yu , Ye You Lin
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Dissolved Oxygen(DO) is one of the primary influencing factors in the system of short-cut nitrification, In order to find the appropriate DO concentration, in a stable SBR system, to simulate the sewage to treatment target, raction and stability of operation results of nitrification system was studied by changing the DO concentration. Experiments showed when the DO concentration <1mg/L time, the higher the DO concentration, the faster the rate of ammonia oxidation. To achieve the stable operation, the DO concentration must be strictly controlled in the reactor, too low or too high would undermine the stability of the system , the optimal range of DO concentration was0.5 ~ 0.7mg/L.
Research on the Fast Start-up of Anaerobic-Aerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Yu , Xu Yue
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The paper aims to study the fast start-up of anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor, with domestic sewage as treating object, to solve the problem of SBR that can be used for denitrification or dephosphorization independently and to realize simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a single SBR system. Phosphorus accumulating organisms were enriched at the anaerobic condition for 2h/aerobic for 3h after activated sludge were inoculated. Then denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms were enriched by inserting an anoxic phase into the aerobic phase. The lengths of anaerobic time, anoxic time and aerobic time were adjusted and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of (AO)2SBR system were observed. The (AO)2SBR system was started successfully with 80d of training and domesticating. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect was performed preferably at the condition of anaerobic(2h)-aerobic(1.5h)-anoxic(1.5h)-aerobic(0.5h). The removal rate of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP reached 90%, 97%, 88% and 92% respectively. And 33% of energy was saved when aerobic time was shortened from 3h to 2h, while the treating effect dropped off rarely. The results show that (AO)2SBR is applicable for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and the effluent water quality meets the first level B criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002). The system can also reach the aim of saving energy and providing theoretical basis for the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in single SBR systems.
Effect of Photodegradated Quinoline Aqueous Solutions on Enzyme Activities in Activated Sludge
Authors: Zhu Sui Yi , Huo Ming Xin , Zhou Kang , Wang Jian , Yang Xia
Published: October 2011

Synthesized wastewater containing quinoline photocatalytic oxidized at 0, 30 and 60 min respectively were applied in flask cultivation of activated sludge to evaluate the changes of activities of dehydrogenase, protease and urease in activated sludge with reference is glucose. The experiment results showed that quinoline aqueous solution after photodegradation of 60 min appeared to inconspicuous influence on the activities of dehydrogenase and protease, while after photodegradation of 0 min or 30 min the effluents presented obviously inhabitation. However, the urease activity cultured in all photodegradated quinoline solutions was higher than that in glucose medium due to the effect of C-N bond induction. Under the tested conditions, the optimal pretreatment time of photocatalysis system was observed at 60 minutes, which suggested that enzyme activity in activated sludge was benefited to investigate the biodegradability of wastewater for evaluating the optimal reaction time for photocatalytic pretreatment system.
Uing DSC Technology for Water Content and Thermal Properties Analysis of Carassius Organs
Authors: Zeng Peng , Chen Tian Ji , Shen Jiang
Published: October 2011

Thermal properties of Brain, gill, hepatopancreas, muscle and blood of Carassius living in 8°C were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter. Between 20°C～-40°C , blood showed lower specific heat capacity than other organs. It might help temperature equilibrium in organism. Blood and brain had higher freezing temperature. Brain showed the maximum water content but less freeze water while ventral muscle had the lowest water content but high freeze-able water. Hepatopancreas had both low water and freeze-able water content.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Organic-Inorganic Nanoﬁltration Membranes Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Jin Li Mei , Shi Wen Xin , Yu Shui Li , Yi Xue Song
Published: October 2011

A novel organic-inorganic nanocomposite NF membrane containing SiO2 were prepared by interfacial polymerization on polysulfone (PSF) ultraﬁltration membrane with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as monomers. The membranes were investigated by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microcopy(FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector(EDX), then the separation performance of salt solution was investigated. The results indicated that the nanoparticles were well-distributed in the membranes. The addition of SiO2 in the skin layer increased thermal stability and improved roughness and hydrophility of membrane. The pure flux for PA-SiO2 increased than neat PA membrane while the rejection rate of Na2SO4 salt solution was lower than the latter.
Research of the Room Occupant Complaining Behavior Pattern for the Indoor Environmental Control
Authors: Mao Zhuo , Wang Fu Lin , Gao Teng , Dai Yun Chuang , Zhao Qian Chuan , Zhao Yin , Sun Biao , Guo Jing , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2011

The present indoor environmental control is implemented according to indoor environmental parameter set points. However room occupants generally lack of the knowledge on comfortable values of indoor environmental parameters. The next generation of indoor environmental control should be based on room occupants’ actual perception instead of set points. This paper describes some fundamental work for developing such a system. Experiments were conducted to collect room occupants’ complaints when they feel dissatisfied to the indoor environment. The collected data were analyzed to find the characteristics complaining behaviors.
Research in Enhancing Hydrolysis and Acidification of Excess Sludge
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Yan Jin Xia
Published: October 2011

Excess sludge disintegration at normal temperature to promote hydrolysis and acidification is an effective method. The mechanisms, treatment effects and future prospects of commonly studied techniques, such as mechanical treatment, acid-base treatment, ultrasonication and ozonation were reviewed and analyzed. It is put forward that combination of different techniques is the most effective way to improve the efficiency of sludge treatment.
Study on Energy Saving Methods for A2/O Process in Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Li Fa Zhan , Zhang Li
Published: October 2011

The feasibility of saving energy for A2/O processes was studied in a wastewater treament plant located in beijing by means of field investigation and lab-scale experiment. The results indicate that there are two operable ways to save energy in A2/O processes. One is to control the DO strictly within 2～3 mg/L in aeration tank and to aviod over-aeration,the other is to shift the forepart of the aerated tank into anoxic tank,by which 17.1% of aration could be reduced and about 13.6% of TN removal rate could be increased.
Development of Green and Intelligent Buildings, Sustainable Urban Planning
Authors: Li Jie , Ma Hong Wei , Wang Hao
Published: October 2011

Sustainable development has gained an increasing importance in the past thirty years. With the guidance of sustainable development strategy, a great amount of research studies have been conducted in the fields of urban planning, architecture and civil engineering. The works especially focusing on sustainable urban planning, green building design, and the buildings with self-healing deformation capability are reviewed in this paper. The objective is to provide references for practitioners such as urban designers, architects and engineers seeking some clarity on sustainability.
Application of Seamless Prism Light Guide Used in a Room with High Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Min Zhi , Hu Qi Guang
Published: October 2011

It has been long time for lighting designers to solve the problem of lighting in some special rooms such as high temperature and humidity rooms. In this paper, a seamless prism light guide made by extruding technique and its application in a concrete-curing room with high temperature and humidity is introduced. The illuminance level and uniformity of the room has been improved greatly by application of the guide. The average illuminance on working surface created by the seamless light guide system is 19.2 lux while that created by the original lighting fixtures is 6.2 lux. The application of the seamless light guide system also makes the maintaining work easier and safer.
The Research of Test Method for Measuring the SHGC of Sun-Shading System Using Calibrated Hot Box
Authors: Sun Li Xin , Yang Yu Zhong , Pan Zhen
Published: October 2011

At present, the use of sun-shading system in China has developed rapidly. Requirements and calculation methods for sun-shading system were proposed in the current thermal design code for civil building and the design standards for energy efficiency. But thermal performance of these structures is still lack of testing and evaluation methods. Based on relevant engineerings and researches results from domestic and international, this paper has proposed test method for measuring the SHGC of sun-shading system using calibrated hot box. This paper has established a good foundation for further research on evaluation method for sun-shading system.
Study on the Density and Performance of Cementitious Materials Compounded by Multiple Mineral Admixtures
Authors: Xu Hui , Lu An Qi
Published: October 2011

This paper studies on the relative denseness of fresh cement pastes compounded with multi-cementitious materials and the performances of their harden concretes. Results show that with the dense packing of several ultra-fine particles, higher the relative denseness of different cementitious material system, higher the compressive strength and lower the air permeability of the harden concrete. The multi-cementitious material compounded by 37% cement、20% fly ash、40% pulverized slag and 3% silica fume has the higher relative denseness of fresh cement paste, and its compressive strength and air permeation of harden concrete composite is also improved.
Experimental Study on Durability of Fair-Faced Light Weight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhou Jing , Luo Chao Hong , Gu Qing Xia
Published: October 2011

Fair-faced light weight aggregate (FLWA) concrete is of all good performance of both LWA and fair-faced concrete. There is a fluorocarbon coating on its surface. This paper studies on how this paint influences FLWA durability.
Effect of Slag Content on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Small Hollow Blocks
Authors: Liu Jun , Xu Chang Wei , Zhang Yun , Zhang Bing
Published: October 2011

This paper introduced a method of saving materials and energy through making small hollow blocks with the slag admixture in the lightweight aggregate concrete. Through orthogonal design, this paper took slag content, water binder ratio and admixture dosage into consideration and focused on influence of slag content on the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow blocks. The results show that: when water binder ratio ，admixture dosage and curing system keep a fixed level, during the range of slag content 30%-40%, with the increase in slag content, the compressive and bending strength of small hollow block increased first and then decreased; water content and absorption and relative water moisture content decreased first and then increased; frost resistance increased then decreased; softening coefficient first increased and then decreased. When the slag content is 35%, the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow block are the best, and all the indexes of physical and mechanical properties can meet the standard requirements non-bearing lightweight aggregate concrete hollow block. The curing system significantly affected the strength of the lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow block, and the block strength cured under the standard condition was higher than those under natural condition.
Experimental Study on Mechanics Behavior of Modified Concrete Subjected to Composite Corrosion Solution
Authors: Guo Jin Jun , Han Ju Hong , Xu Zhe Ting
Published: October 2011

For revealing the behaviors of modified concrete materials against eroding from composite solution, accelerated deterioration tests of Portland concrete, polypropylene fiber concrete, fly ash concrete and concrete mixed with polypropylene fiber and fly ash were made under continuous immersion in two types of composite corrosion solutions, which were sulfate composite solution and magnesium composite solution. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus of modified concrete subjected to corrosion were detected. The results show that capacity of corrosion resistance of concrete is enhanced remarkably by modifying approach of mixing fly ash and polypropylene fiber into concrete. The deteriorated splitting tensile strength of modified concrete is able to be increased by 30%-60% compared with ordinary concrete. The research results are benefit to engineering design and application.
Effect of Stabilizer on Morphology and Stability of Hemihydrate Calcium Sulfate Whiskers
Authors: Liu Hong Ye , Wang Yu Bin
Published: October 2011

The influence of stabilizer on the crystal shape and stability of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers was investigated in detail. Morphology, surface group and phase composition of stabilized hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers were characterized by means of SEM, FTIR and XRD, and then effect mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the absorption state of sodium oleate will be different with respectively additive amount which cause whiskers shape and stability to change, and that the stability of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers can be achieved without affecting crystal growth by adding agents in different steps.
Analytical Solution of Transversely Isotropic Elastic Subgrade in Rectangular Coordinates
Authors: Wang Chun Ling , Ding Huan , Zhou Liang
Published: October 2011

In this paper, basing on Hu haichang’s theory and using Fourier transformation, the problem is changed into solving fourth-order and second-order linear ordinary differential equations. The eigenvalue method is used for solving these equations, and then both displacement and stress with undetermined coefficients can be received. Considering the boundary conditions, the exact displacement and stress of the transversely isotropic foundation can also be gotten. Especially on the transversely isotropic elastic half space, with the aid of computer software, a more simple vertical displacement is presented. When the foundation is degenerated into isotropic elastic half space, the displacement is also degenerated into elastic half space displacement in a rectangular coordinate system which is given in the reference. And this exactly proves the result which is received from this paper is right. On this basis, we can analyze a settlement of transversely isotropic foundation and the static characteristics of rectangular plate on the transversely isotropic foundation.
Copper Nitride Films Prepared by Reactive Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Yuan Xiao Mei , Li Han Jun , Wei Yan , Zhang Qing
Published: October 2011

The semiconducting Cu3N films were successfully deposited on glass substrates by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering in a mixture gas of nitrogen and argon. The influence of nitrogen content in a fixed total sputtering gas flow on the preferential crystalline orientation, the mean crystalline grains size, the electrical resistivity, the microhardness, and the reduced modulus were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the films were polycrystalline Cu3N and the preferential orientation is greatly affected by the N2 content. The mean crystalline grain size of these as-deposited Cu3N films decrease and the electrical resistivity increase from 1.51×102Ω•cm to 1.129×103Ω•cm with increasing N2 content. And the microhardness and reduced modulus are 6.0GPa and 108.3GPa, respectively. The sectional SEM and planform AFM observations reveal that the films have smooth surfaces with columnar grains.
Compressive Strength of Organic Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Cheng Cong Mi , Su Da Gen , He Juan , Jiao Chu Jie
Published: October 2011

Organic lightweight aggregate concrete (OAC) is produced by replacing normal aggregate with organic aggregate in concrete or mortar either partially or fully, depending on the requirements of the strength and density. The study aims to investigate the compressive strength of OAC containing virgin EPS beads, recycled EPS granules and rubber granules with diameter 3-5 mm, and the influence of cement matrix on compressive strength of OAC. The results show that compressive strength of OAC decreases as organic aggregate content increases; furthermore, the decreasing rate of the strength is slowing down. The dimensionless compress strength-density relationship of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete (PAC) containing virgin EPS, recycled EPS and different cement matrix has uniform law. It can be modeled as σ*pl/σs=0.916(ρ*/ρs)3.04. The experimental compressive strength of ultra-lightweight EPS concrete with density lower than 900 kg/m3is much higher than the value calculated by Gibson formula. The larger the relative density is, the greater the difference between the two is. The dimensionless compressive strength-density relationship of rubcrete can be modeled as σ*pl/σs=0.956(ρ*/ρs)8.66. The compressive strength of rubcrete, compared with PAC, is more sensitive to the relative density.
The Study on Light Floor Impact Sound Improvement by Void Slab Applied with Surface Covering Materials
Authors: Chung Sung Chin , Tsay Yaw Shyan , Yeh Yu Chun , Chen Feng Chu , Shen Yu Hui
Published: October 2011

The living quality of the Taiwanese citizens keeps rising; the improvement of floor impact sound has being carried out into practical project gradually. The void slab, used to be used in huge span building, is very common in housing building. From reference, the void slab represents the one of the latest architectural facilities, which focuses on the noise improvement for the living quality, by its characteristics of rigidity and lightweight. In order to select an appropriate floor covering material, the experimental investigation based on the standard ISO 140-7 and 140-8 should be carried out to experiment the performance of the bare void slab and the covering materials over the slab for discussing the possibility of material application on the void slab. Therefore, in this study, the noise insulating performance of the void slab through the field experiments in the practical condominium-type housing projects will be tested, and the floor impact sound performance of the selected sample of covering materials (teak wood and carpet) applied on the existing void slab will also be shown in this paper. The results show that the void slab presents good effective performance for heavy floor impact sound, but the void slab should be applied with covering materials to demonstrate efficient improvement toward the light floor impact sound, and the performance varies from materials. The researchers expect that the database could provide designers and constructors the reference of the floor covering materials related to the floor impact sound insulation and reduce the time and the costs issue.
Analysis of Viscoelastic Mechanical Model of Recycled Asphalt Mixture Based on Bending Creep Test
Authors: Yang Yan Hai , Cai Hua , Zhang Min Jiang , Xu Yan
Published: October 2011

The recycle of asphalt pavement material is not only accordance with the policy of national energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can significantly reduce the project cost. Viscoelastic mechanical model of recycled asphalt mixture is studied based on pavement maintenance engineering of Shenyang-Shanhaiguan expressway, and with analysis of material performance we could collect testing data from bending creep test on small beam, obtain testing parameters through fitting method. The results indicate that general Maxwell model could nicely reflect the viscoelastic mechanical behavior of recycled asphalt mixture.
Simulating Stochastic Process with a Monophyletic Random Vector
Authors: Tang Bao Xin , Cheng Kai Hua , Li Qi
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The large number of basic random variables in stochastic process, cause great troubles for calculation and analysis. Based on twice orthogonal expansion in the stochastic process and the expression of uncorrelated random vectors by use of orthogonal functions originate from a single source random variable, a method of triple orthogonal expansion for a stochastic process is put forward ,which can simulate a stochastic process with only one random variable. Example calculation shows the effectiveness of the monophyletic analysis method (MAM).This method can be applied for the other stochastic analysis based on the correlation theory.
Characterisation of Fly Ash and Relevance of Pozzolanic Reactivity
Authors: Pande Anant M. , Meshram Vilas G. , Dandge Ajay L.
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT It is a very well known fact that the use of fly ash in masonry and concrete make the structures durable. Properties of Fly Ash depend upon coal source. For acceptability of fly ash in cement, mortar and concrete various specifications and standards are available. The Indian standard IS 3812: 2003(Part I and Part II) expects some physical and chemical properties similar to world standards, while differs in some, like lime reactivity test. As a part of research activity the authors have collected 23 different fly ash samples from various hoppers of three power stations near Nagpur. The samples were tested as per most of the provisions of IS 3812 and tests specified in IS 1727. Test results are compared with major world standards and specifications. Gain of strength is the most important character of fly ash, especially from the usage in cement and concrete. The paper discusses comparison of various standard specifications and interpretation of pozzolanic reactivity.
A Comparative Study on the Basic Properties of FGD Gypsums
Authors: Zhang Ye , Duan Peng Xuan , Jia Bao Sheng , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2011

Compared with natural gypsum, the basic properties of FGD gypsum are studied based on the test results and then the influence of FGD gypsum’s chemical constituents, impurities and particle size distribution on its products is analyzed. The results indicate the impurities play an important role on the FGD gypsum behavior. Finally, the differences between FGD gypsum and natural gypsum are summarized.
Carbon Dioxide Curing of Foam Concrete with Different Bulk Densities
Authors: Liu Min , Chen De Ping , Liu Jing Yu
Published: October 2011

Carbon dioxide curing was adopted to accelerate the hydration of foam concrete samples with a lower bulk density level of around 450 kg/m3 and a higher level of around 1150 kg/m3. The bending strength, compressive strength and ultrasonic transmission velocity of carbonated harden foam concrete were tested, the hydration products were analyzed by means of XRD and TG/DSC. The results show as: (1) By comparing with standard curing samples, there are more than 47% increments of specific strengths of carbonated foam concrete with the higher density level at a certain curing time before 14d. However, for the lower density level one, there is just a significant improvement of specific bending strength obtained before 7d. (2) The carbonated foam concretes with the lower density level show lower ultrasonic transmission velocity than standard curing ones. The velocities have hardly difference for both carbonated and standard curing samples with the higher density level. (3) Vaterite can’t be found in carbonated foam concrete with the lower density level at curing time before 28d, while it becomes a common phase in 3d’s carbonated sample with the higher density level. Vaterite was considered to be an important factor that influences the ultrasonic transmission velocity.
Effect of Rent Spatial Distribution to Urban Business District Planning
Authors: Liang Hua , Yi Wen
Published: October 2011

As the physical embodiment of urban commerce, the leasing of office buildings objectively influences the reconstitution of city space and the construction of commercial zones. By adopting Kriging in a geostatistical analysis module, this paper takes the rent of office buildings in Chongqing as the subject of research to construct a digital rent spatial model based on lease transaction data from 2009 with ArcGIS. Using the rent thematic map provided by this model and combining the specific circumstances of Chongqing, the rent spatial distribution structure is studied, so as to provide the basis for an approach to commercial land division and spatial planning.
Vibration Analysis of Light Flexible Steel Footbridge Based on Dynamic Testing
Authors: Li Dong , Sun Dao Yuan
Published: October 2011

Abstract: A vibration analysis of light flexible steel footbridge is investigates in this paper, which is based on dynamic testing. The finite element model of the footbridge was established. In this paper the reason is also analyzes which causes the vibration characteristic from the ambient excitation and its own structural features. Key words: Footbridge; Vibration Analysis; Dynamic Testing; Modal Analysis; Ambient Excitation;
Separation of Bridge Deflection Signals Based on ICA
Authors: Tang Chun Hui , Yang Hong , Liu Xia Ping , Sun Zhuo
Published: October 2011

In order to reject environmental factor effect from long-span bridge deflection signal, this document introduced the basic theory of independent component analysis (ICA) and applied FastICA algorithm to separate background engineering simulation signal, which was based on using vector-dimension-augmenting technique to process the signal after adopting fir lowpass filter to rejecte the high frequency component, and finally relized the separations of live load deflection, temperature difference deflection and long-term deflection. Campared separation results with deflection source signal, it was shown that the separation result was good when the correlation coefficients between separation signal and source signal were larger than 0.8.
Study on the Modes of Architectural Form Design Based on Requirements for Structural Safety
Authors: Guo Chun Yan , Wei Da Ke , Guo Chun Ying
Published: October 2011

The modes of structural tectonic methods are proposed and the mode of creative cooperation by architects and structural engineers in the conceptual design stage for giving full play to their respective advantages are encouraged for joint design of architectural forms that meet structural safety requirements by this paper through analysis on functions and positions of structures in the architectural form framework system.The key function of observing the principle of structural correctness in the modes of architectural form design based on structural safety requirements is made clear.
Features of Traditional Residence of Tibetan in China and Renewal and Development of Jiarong Tibetan Residence
Authors: Li Jun Huan
Published: October 2011

The article is composed under the background of Tibetan culture. Tibetan residence and settlement is the object of study, and inspection is conducted on architectural and cultural aspect of Tibetan region. The common feature of the architecture in the area is summarized, along with the typology of the architectures. Characteristics of Jiarong Tibetan residence are analyzed through comparison, the principle and ideas of development of traditional residence of Jiarong Tibetan is proposed.
The Habitat Environment for the Chinese Elder People
Authors: Xu Hong , Long Yan
Published: October 2011

This paper introduced the basic content of the habitat environment. Then, this paper analyzed the requirements and four core concepts in the Chinese “Home” dream. Based on these analyses, this paper proposed the key issues of Chinese habitat environment including the habitat pattern and problems for Chinese old urban people. Finally, this paper gives some suggestion in providing habitat environment for the Chinese elder people.