bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The scientific heritage of A. V. Yarmolenko in the space of modern defectology and psychology of dysontogenesis (to the 120th birthday)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sorokin Viktor
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage and life path of the professor of the faculty of psychology A. V. Yarmolenko. A. V. Yarmolenko’s scientific research was largely determined by the ideas of her teacher V. M. Bekhterev — the founder of the Petersburg psychological school. First of all, these are the ideas of an integrated approach, as well as the study of pathological phenomena as a method of understanding normal psychology. It is also important that the mental development of abnormal and normal children proceeds according to the same laws. A. V. Yarmolenko carried out the first multifaceted clinical and psychological study of the ontogenetic characteristics of children with simultaneous visual and hearing impairment. Modern special psychology has paid more attention to the psychological and pedagogical direction. And only in recent years, due to the complication of nosological phenomenology, interest in clinical and psychological research began to recover. In this regard, the scientific heritage of A. V. Yarmolenko remains relevant. In this regard, we note the fact that for a long time in the domestic defectology and special psychology there was no textbook on the psychology of children with multiple developmental disabilities. Publication A. V. Yarmolenko “Essays on the Psychology of the Deaf-Blind and Mute” (1961) was both a fundamental monograph and, for many years, was an important teaching aid for many courses of future psychologists and defectologists. This work presented not only the author’s own empirical experience gained over many years of working with children with visual and hearing impairments. The book also extensively analyzes the world clinical and psychological aspect of the study of deaf-blind children.
Improving rice water productivity using alternative irrigation (case study: north of Iran)
Authors: Pourgholam-Amiji Masoud , Liaghat Abdolmajid , Khoshravesh Mojtaba , Azamathulla Hazi Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Increasing population and the need for more food has made demands on water resources due to crop productions. One of the strategies for preventing the overuses of safe water resources for agriculture is to increase agricultural productivity by reducing the amount of irrigation water with a slight reduction or even maintaining the yields. Rice production in the northern region of Iran which is strategically and economically very important, requires irrigation management changing with traditional irrigation methods (flood irrigation). This study was conducted in the 2017–2018 crop season to investigate the effect of different irrigation management on water consumption, rice yield and water productivity in paddy field of Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. The experiment was performed in the field in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments in 12 plots. The treatments were TI (Traditional/flood Irrigation), and AI1, AI3 and AI5 (Alternative Irrigation one, three and five days after the disappearance of water from the soil surface, respectively). The number of yield components and the water productivity indexes were determined. The results of this study showed a significant difference (at 1% level) between irrigation treatments in terms of yield components including tiller number, Panicle length, filling percentage, and water productivity, but they did not have any significant effect on plant height and grain yield. The applied irrigation water for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments was measured to be 7,940, 4,910, 4,090 and 3,290 m3/ha, respectively. The maximum yield (6.11 ton/ha) belonged to TI treatment and after that with the value of 6.02 ton/ha belonged to AI5 treatment with the least application of water. Rice water productivities for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments were calculated to be 0.82, 1.05, 1.38 and 1.83 kg/m3, respectively. Therefore, alternate irrigation five days after the disappearance of surface water (AI5) was accepted to be the best irrigation practices among the other different irrigation management due to 56.07% reduction in water use and only 1.47% reduction in grain yield compared to control treatment.
An integrated approach to enhance the desalination process: coupling reverse osmosis process with microbial desalination cells in the UAE
Authors: Shivakumar Tarun , Razaviarani Vahid
Published: December 2020

The growing need for better sources of fresh water has led to water desalination to become a dominant technology in the water industry, especially in arid countries like the UAE. Across the globe, reverse osmosis (RO) has become the key method used to desalinate seawater. Due to the high energy requirements of RO desalination, the need to reduce the energy load has become a pertinent area of research. Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are an emergent technology that show great promise when integrated into the RO desalination process. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of the energy utilized in RO desalination could be eliminated by using MDCs as a pretreatment process. In this study, the integration of various MDC types into the pretreatment process for RO desalination were compared and explored. Existing MDC integration setups were briefly explained. Research was split into possible configurations for the integration. This includes optimization of key parameters such as anodic inoculum, feed inlet ratios and accompanying pretreatment processes. The limitations and challenges faced in the integration were investigated and the required future studies aligned with subject was deliberated.
Cross-tracking of faecal pollution origins, macronutrients, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in rural and urban watercourses
Authors: Paruch Lisa , Paruch Adam M.
Published: December 2020

This study describes microbial and chemical source tracking approaches for water pollution in rural and urban catchments. Culturable faecal indicator bacteria, represented by Escherichia coli, were quantified. Microbial source tracking (MST) using host-specific DNA markers was applied to identify the origins of faecal contamination. Chemical source tracking (CST) was conducted to determine contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) of human/anthropogenic origin, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition, the eutrophication-causing macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus were studied. MST tests revealed both anthropogenic and zoogenic faecal origins, with a dominance of human sources in the urban stream; non-human/environmental sources were prevalent in the rural creek. CST analyses revealed a higher number of CECs in the urban stream than in the rural watercourse. Positive correlations between PPCPs and both E. coli and the human DNA marker were uncovered in the urban stream, while in the rural creek, PPCPs were only highly correlated with the anthropogenic marker. Interestingly, macronutrients were strongly associated with primary faecal pollution origins in both watercourses. This correlation pattern determines the main pollutant contributors (anthropogenic or zoogenic) to eutrophication.
Sobre Cocares e Máscaras
Authors: CARDENES LUCIANO , MONTARDO DEISE LUCY
Published: December 2020

Manaus, capital do Amazonas, foi uma das primeiras cidades brasileiras a se tornarem epicentro da pandemia do Covid-19. Entre os meses de março e abril, os índices de adoecimento e morte foram altíssimos e causaram o colapso do sistema de saúde. Como no restante do mundo, a pandemia ressaltou problemas que já existiam. No caso de Manaus, a população indígena que habita a cidade e seus entornos, sofreu um impacto muito grande e através de suas lideranças e associações teve uma reação também forte. Neste artigo apresentamos, uma etnografia feita nos contextos digitais, aliada a literatura produzida sobre o tema da presença indígena na cidade de Manaus. Apresentamos brevemente, algumas das associações indígenas da cidade de Manaus e estratégias por elas desenvolvidas no momento da explosão dramática dos casos da doença no Estado do Amazonas.

Palavras-chave: Povos indígenas, Manaus, Covid-19, resistência, etnografia em contextos digitais
Janelas sobre a cidade pandêmica: desigualdades, políticas e resistências
Authors: Weidner Maluf Sônia
Published: December 2020

O artigo trata da relação entre desigualdade social e os diferentes modos com que a pandemia de Covid-19 atingiu a população urbana no Brasil. Parto de uma observação feita a partir do isolamento social da pesquisadora na cidade e das janelas possíveis para acessar o mundo, fazendo o percurso das janelas do apartamento às janelas das telas, sua multiplicidade e seus enquadramentos restritivos. Desses fragmentos de  imagens e sons, manchetes e notícias,  postagens nas redes sociais, busco montar uma tela mais compreensível sobre os modos como diferentes populações urbanas foram atingidas pelo vírus, em termos de adoecimento e morte; os modos como o Estado, com seus diferentes aparatos, agentes, serviços, ao mesmo tempo que deveria se destinar a construir políticas da vida, insiste em práticas de soberania e em políticas da morte; e, por último, os modos locais de lidar com a pandemia, através de práticas de cuidado e de cuidado de si, de auto-organização e de resistência em bairros periféricos e comunidades de algumas capitais do país e suas periferias. Desse mosaico emergem cidades, a cidade, como território de desigualdades, resistências e lutas pelo direito à existência.

Palavras-chave: Pandemia. Desigualdade. Políticas. Resistências.
Correlação entre a gravidade da doença e variáveis respiratórias em pacientes com cirrose hepática e ascite
Authors: Silva de Souza Jordane , De Souza Moura Rayane , Duarte Halina , Marine Paro Flávia , Wittmer Veronica Lourenço
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A cirrose hepática é uma doença crônica que desencadeia diversas complicações. Dentre as complicações, destacamos o acúmulo de líquidos extravasculares e ascite, que causa o aumento da pressão intra-abdominal e prejudica a mecânica respiratória. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da cirrose em associação com a ascite sobre variáveis respiratórias, sinais e sintomas. Métodos: 14 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de cirrose hepática e ascite foram avaliados. Após a coleta dos dados clínicos, os sinais vitais foram aferidos e foram avaliados o padrão respiratório (inspeção dinâmica), medidas da cirtometria torácica e abdominal (mensuradas através de fita métrica), teste de ventilometria e capacidade vital (com uso do ventilômetro), avaliação do grau de dispneia (escala numérica) e nível de fadiga (escala visual analógica). Os dados foram avaliados através do teste estatístico t de student, e para análise de correlação entre as variáveis foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Pearson, sendo estabelecida significância para valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Houve prevalência de pacientes classificados como CHILD B e com média 15,6 ± 4,8 no índice MELD. Os pacientes apresentaram redução significativa da capacidade vital, redução da expansibilidade tóraco-abdominal, correlação positiva entre o índice MELD e a cirtometria abdominal e correlação positiva entre a escala de dispneia e escala de fadiga. Conclusão: Concluímos que quanto mais grave o paciente, maior a circunferência abdominal, e a associação da cirrose com ascite tem impacto negativo nos parâmetros respiratórios, evidenciado na redução significativa da capacidade vital e da expansibilidade tóraco-abdominal.
O papel da Educação Permanente em Saúde na Atenção Primária e a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Esposti Carolina Dutra Degli , Ferreira Lorena , Szpilman Ana Rosa Murad , Cruz Marly Marques da
Published: December 2020

Editorial.
E quando a criança não corresponde às expectativas da escola? Reflexões sobre a relação com a família na busca por um diagnóstico
Authors: Araujo Luciana Aparecida de , Anjos Cleriston Izidro dos , Pereira Fábio Hoffmann
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o modo pelo qual a escola tem respondido a crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) do ponto de vista do trabalho pedagógico e da relação com a família. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e de um estudo de caso, traz a história de uma criança de 8 anos, com hipótese diagnóstica de TDAH. Os dados foram coletados por meio de narrativa da mãe e registros em diário de campo. Os resultados revelam que o ofício de aluno exigido pela escola vai além dos aspectos cognitivos e da aprendizagem dos conteúdos, envolvendo uma expectativa dos adultos a respeito de um “modo de ser na escola”. Conclui-se que a escola deve acolher a diversidade e a diferença, para não incorrer em estratégias de defesa e desresponsabilização do trabalho pedagógico.
Medicalização da educação e os sentidos do não aprender discursivizados na documentação pedagógica: um olhar para o discurso da escola
Authors: Giroto Claudia Regina Mosca , Marques Jaqueline Belga , Garcia Amanda Trindade
Published: December 2020

No campo da educação, há uma rede de explicações medicalizadoras e patologizadoras que buscam justificar o não aprender, sob a qual proliferam doenças do não aprender atribuídas a alunos em fase inicial do processo formal de apropriação da escrita. Com base em tais ideias, o presente estudo objetivou compreender os sentidos sobre o não aprender nos discursos escritos de uma escola de Ensino Fundamental apontada, num município de médio porte do interior paulista, como a que possui o maior número de professores com queixas sobre alunos que não aprendem. A partir de pesquisa documental, o processo de geração e compreensão dos dados aqui considerados se remete especificamente à situação de duas crianças matriculadas em classes de 1º e 2º anos, respectivamente. Os resultados, pautados nos enunciados discursivizados pela escola, nessa documentação, indiciaram um processo de assujeitamento dessas crianças do processo de apropriação dessa modalidade de linguagem, bem como a naturalização de sentidos do não aprender constituídos sob tendências medicalizadora e patologizadora dos processos educativos.
Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının WEB 2.0 Araçlarının Kullanımıyla İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: Karakuş Neslihan , Er Züleyha
Published: December 2020

Geride bırakılan yakın geçmişte gerek ülkemizde ve gerekse tüm dünyada uzaktan eğitimin bir zorunluluk olarak başladığı tecrübe edilmiştir. Bu sürecin olumlu ve olumsuz tarafları olmuş ve en çok görevin öğretmenlere düştüğü görülmüştür. Müstakbel öğretmenler olarak 21. yüzyıl öğrencilerini şekillendirecek günümüz öğrencilerinin Web 2.0 araçlarını ne kadar bildiği ve ne kadar kullandığı geleceğin eğitim sisteminde daha büyük öneme sahip olacaktır. Bir öğretmen bu araçların kullanımına ne kadar vakıfsa ve onları kullanmak hususunda ne kadar mahirse, mesleğinde de o kadar başarılı sayılacağı bir döneme girilmektedir. Araştırmada, Türkiye genelinde bir sonuca ulaşabilmek için 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Türkiye’nin 7 bölgesinde yer alan 9 farklı üniversitenin Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Eğitimi Ana Bilim dalında lisans düzeyinde 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 149 Türkçe öğretmeni adayından google form aracılığıyla veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında gönüllülük esası ile 149 öğretmen adayının ankete katılımı sağlanmış ve toplanan veriler içerik analizi ile yorumlanmıştır. Bu üniversiteler şöyledir: 1. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, 2. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 3. Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 4. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 5. Gaziantep Üniversitesi, 6. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, 7. Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, 8. Trabzon Üniversitesi, 9. Uşak Üniversitesi. Sonuçlara bakıldığında öğretmen adaylarının, web 2.0 araçlarının bazılarını bildiği, bazılarını ise hiç duymadığı; bazılarını kullandığı, bazılarını ise hiç kullanmadığı görülmüştür. En çok bilinenler: Zoom (55), Google Dokümanlar (48), Edmodo (31), Kahoot (28), Google Classroom (26), Prezi (24), Google Forms (22), Google Hangout (21), Blogger (17), Duolingo (16) dur. Bu araçların bir kısmının çok biliniyor olması; geride bırakılan pandemi döneminde gerçekleştirilen uzaktan eğitimde kullanılmasından dolayı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Geneli düşünüldüğünde, geleceğin eğitim sisteminde büyük rol oynayacak olan bu araçların öğretmen adayları tarafından pek bilinmediği tespit edilmiştir.
The Role of LVOT-VTI Measurement in the Evaluation of Systolic Heart Function in Pulmonary ICU Patients
Authors: Çimen Meltem , Eyüboğlu Selin , Özdemir Uğur , Kalın Burhan Sami , Güney Tuba , Gürsel Gül
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

The detection of cardiac systolic dysfunction is very important for well
management of pulmonary critical care patients (PCCPs). However, there is a poor correlation between
echocardiographic cardiac systolic function (CSF) parameters and it is not easy to obtain these
parameters in PCCPs. Therefore, this cross-sectional observational study was planned for the
detection of a more easily obtainable echocardiographic CSF parameter that is well correlated with
other CSF parameters in PCCPs.

Materials and Methods:

Total 88 PCCPs were included. Demographic and clinical information
and laboratory tests of all patients were recorded. The CSF parameters of the heart were obtained
by transthoracic echocardiography with appropriate technique. LVOT-VTI (Left ventricular outflow
tract velocity time integral), CO (cardiac output), EPSS (e point septal separation), Left ventricular
EF (ejection fraction) and TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) as an indicator
of CSF were tried to obtain from all patients. We also calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive
and negative predictive values of LVOT-VTI<20 parameters to diagnose heart failure.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 73±12, 40% were female, 38% were intubated and 52%
had COPD. LVOT-VTI, EF, CO, EPSS parameters were obtained in 54(61%), 24(27%), 48(54%),
48(54%) patients, respectively. Decreased LVOT-VTI (<20 cm) was well correlated with decreased
EF (<45%) (p=0.001, r=0.77), decreased CO (<5 L/dk) (p=0.03, r=0.64) and decreased
TAPSE (<17 mm) (p=0.001, r=0.71). Also, there was good agreement between the EF and LVOTVTI
measurements (Kappa:0.78, p:0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive
values of LVOT-VTI<20 for heart failure were 58, 78, 84, 49, repectively.

Conclusion:

LVOT-VTI is a more easily obtainable and well correlated parameter, which can be
used as an indicator of CSF in PCCPs.

Clinical Significances:

The authors believe that LVOT-VTI measurement has good correlation
with other echocardiographic systolic function parameters, and its easy measurement in intensive
care patients makes it a very useful test for cardiac systolic function evaluation.
Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 (EP4): A Promising Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Das Debasis , Hong Jian
Published: December 2020

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in several biological processes,
including inflammation, pain, fever, renal function, mucosal integrity, angiogenesis
and tumor growth. PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1-4) play pivotal roles in
PGE2-mediated biological events. Recent studies revealed the fact that EP4 is
commonly upregulated in cancer to stimulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion,
and metastasis. Additionally, the EP4 receptor has a role in several anti-inflammatory
processes, bone formation and hemostasis. EP4 receptor modulators
can be used as drugs of specific interest. A number of EP4 receptor agonists and
antagonists are at different stages of clinical development. The agonists of EP4
receptor showed promising results for ulcerative colitis (UC), bone deposition
and facilitated bone resorption. The uses of EP4 antagonists, particularly in combination
with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, or immune-based therapies, may
be the treatment options for cancer. Several EP4 antagonists are being progressed
in clinical trials and hopefully, the results will show the usefulness of
EP4 receptor as a target for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we have summarized
the EP4 receptor and the possible therapeutic applications of EP4 receptor-
selective agonists and antagonists.
Mechanism of cardiac pathogenesis and Cardiotoxicity of anti-COVID-19 drugs
Authors: Iqubal Ashif , Hoda Farazul , Najmi Abul Kalam , Haque Syed Ehtaishamul
Published: December 2020

:

Novel coronavirus (nCoV-19) infection has been declared epidemic by the WHO. More than 223 countries are
under the attack of this emergency situation. Primarily, pneumocytes encountered by the nCoV-19 via ACE-2 receptor
causes pulmonary edema, damage to alveolar cells, production of inflammatory cells and hypoxia. It has been found that
patients with co-existing cardiovascular diseases are more prone towards infection and severe cardiovascular dysfunction
was further observed when infected with nCoV-19. There is no substantial mechanism available for the pathogenesis of this
cardiovascular dysfunction, therefore, we herein, present a possible mechanistic approach of cardio-toxicity by nCov-19
infection.This hypothesis is based on immunopathology of nCoV-19 in pneumocytes, presence of ACE-2 on cardiomyocytes
membrane, cytokine storm, genomic analysis of virus in cardiac tissue and several reports published on the cardiovascular
complications in nCoV-19 across the globe. We have also analyzed the cardio toxic profile of recently used repurposed and
investigational drugs and highlighted their possible cardiotoxic consequences and drug interactions with cardiovascular
medicines, such as statins and anti-coagulants.
The Role of Colchicine in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Harold Adrian Liemena , Satrijo Budi , Sargowo Djanggan , Prasetya Indra
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the advances of current optimal treatment of atherosclerotic disease, the incidence of events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains high. Colchicine, with its well-established pleiotropic anti-inflam- matory effects, may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome, a key mediator in atherosclerosis-associated inflammation (AAI) thus reducing systemic inflammation. NRLP3 inflammasome activation inside leukocytes (mainly monocytes and neutrophils) is precipitated by cholesterol crystals that are present in all atherosclerosis stages. 􏰟􏰋􏰡􏰈􏰇􏱎􏰋􏰇􏰆􏰂 􏰍􏰀􏰂􏰅􏰩􏰍􏰂􏰅􏰃􏰆 􏰃􏰜 􏰢􏰎􏰃􏰐􏰅􏰆􏰜􏰏􏰍􏰝􏰝􏰍􏰂􏰃􏰎􏰁 􏰀􏰁􏰂􏰃􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰇􏰈 􏰈􏰋􏰀􏰌 􏰍􏰈 􏰅􏰆􏰂􏰇􏰎􏰏􏰇􏰋􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰐􏰑􏰒 􏰍􏰆􏰗 􏰅􏰆􏰂􏰇􏰎􏰏􏰇􏰋􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰐􏰑􏰣 􏰳􏰅􏰏􏰏 􏰜􏰃􏰏􏰏􏰃􏰳􏰨 􏰘􏰌􏰇􏰈􏰇 cytokines are the crucial inflammatory pathway mediators that promote the formation of plaque and instability in the inflammatory cascade. Objective: This review will elaborate on the function of immune cells in atherosclerosis, explain the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the context of AAI, and address the possible role of colchicine specifically targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and its concomitant downstream mediators in ACS, and provide an overview of current or ongoing studies produced in this area. Discussion : NRLP3 inflammasome activation inside leukocytes (mainly monocytes and neutrophils) is precipitat- ed by cholesterol crystals that are present in all atherosclerosis stages. Subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory pathway mediators that promote the formation of plaque and instability in the inflammatory cascade. A potential advantage of a medication acting through an inflammatory milieu found in atherosclerotic lesions has recently become the need for novel therapeutic options. Colchicine, with its well-established pleiotropic anti-inflammato- ry effects, may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome, a key mediator in atherosclerosis-associated inflammation (AAI) thus reducing systemic inflammation. Conclusion: Colchicine is a safe and reliable medication for ACS patients, alongside reveal various benefit in reducing inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome`
Male with Long Standing Heart Failure and Left Bundle Branch Block with Acute Chest Pain: Is It Needed for Urgent Revascularization?
Authors: Rusnanta Fahmy , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Anjarwani Setyasih , Rizal Ardian
Published: December 2020

Background : Patients with acute heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB) presenting acute chest pain have many clinical challenges to perform the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Recent recommendations revealed that the patients with LBBB (new or presumably new) should be performed early revascularization. However, several clinical controversies occurred due to scientific gaps between current evidence and recommen- dations. Therefore, the review of other approaches to assess this setting might be required. Objective : This case report aims to describe factors related to early revascularization strategy in patients with long standing heart failure and left bundle branch block. Case : A 46-year-old man with the previous history of dyspnea (long-standing heart failure) was admitted to our hospital with recurrent chest pain and acute heart failure. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed LBBB suggesting acute myocardial infarction (excessive discordance in the precordial lead). He had normal serial cardiac enzymes with ongoing ischemia symptoms. He had been decided not to perform urgent reperfusion therapy. After five days of hospitalization, he discharged home with medicines. Our case report provided an example of applying the existing algorithm to assess acute chest pain in congestive heart failure, regardless of ST-segment deviation in LBBB. Conclusion : Clinical judgement and the use of objective findings offer the best way to determine the need for early reperfusion in our case.
Programmable logic controller based on the Russian hardware components
Authors: Berlik S. A. , Melnikov V. A. , Ivanov A. S. , Sergushev A. G. , Yakovlev A. V.
Published: December 2020

Problem statement. A programmable logic controller is a key tool for automating technological processes and production in the energy sector, transport infrastructure, industry, agriculture, housing and communal services. In the article the development of a programmable logic controller based entirely on domestic hardware components is considered.

Objective. To offer circuit solutions that allow developing a programmable logic controller using domestic hardware components exclusively.

Results. Schematic solutions and achieved technical parameters of programmable logic controller are presented. The controller was developed entirely on the domestic element base at the enterprise JSC “Avangard” (St. Petersburg). The parameters of the controller correspond to the main indicators of the technical assignment for its development during the implementation of the Comprehensive Project under the State Program of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation.

Practical implications. Production of programmable logic controllers based on the domestic hardware components exclusively solves the national goal of import substitution of devices of this class.
Architecture of an object-oriented software implementation of algorithms for a full cycle of optical images of an unknown object processing
Authors: Lavrov V. V. , Luchkin R. S. , Prokhorov M. E. , Ryndin Yu. G. , Testov A. V.
Published: December 2020

Formulation of the problem. In the process of software processing of highly distorted optical images (OI) of distant objects formed in ground-based telescopes, it becomes necessary to solve the problems of estimating the parameters of background radiation, filtering images of information objects, isolating them on the original OIs, and classifying them. This situation is typical when processing images of both a single object and moving space objects in images of the starry sky. In this regard, the authors, within the framework of the object-oriented approach, have developed a universal design pattern that makes it possible to implement the necessary processing from a single point of view.

Objective. Development of a prototype for software implementation of algorithms for solving the aforementioned problems within the framework of the design pattern proposed by the authors. Examining the possibility of its use in the development of software architecture, with examples of OI processing obtained in natural conditions.

Results. The article presents the results of the development of the software implementation algorithms architecture for processing distorted OIs of remote space objects formed in ground-based telescopes. Within the framework of the objectoriented programming paradigm using the Universal Modeling Language (UML), a description of the main components of static and dynamic architecture models is provided. For the static model, a new representation of the OI is proposed using a set of Boolean matrices. Within the framework of the dynamic model, a universal template (interface) has been developed for the implementation of algorithms for processing distorted OIs using UML activity diagrams. Its particularization is given when solving the problems of highlighting individual structural elements in the image of a single object and highlighting the tracks of moving objects in the image of the starry sky.

Practical significance. The developed software implementations of low-quality optical image processing algorithms can be used in the modernization of software systems for ground-based telescopes.
Development direction of the strategic management system of the Russian military-industrial complex
Authors: Dobrova K. B. , Dobrova E. D.
Published: December 2020

Problem statement. The main problem is that the existing methods and mechanisms of strategic management of the MIC are not in line with to the new harsh external conditions due to sanctions, with the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, with the need of MIC transition to innovative development, with the development of military-civil integration processes.

Objective. Determining the principal ways to develop the system of strategic management of the MIC of the Russian Federation.

Results. Typical approaches to the formulation and solution of the development problems of the strategic management system of the defense industry are described – conservative and pivotal, and the need to implement a pivotal approach is shown. The main ways of creating a promising defense industry management system that meets modern requirements are shown.

Practical implications. The need to develop and implement at the state level a comprehensive large innovative and institutional project for reforming the management system for the MIC is determined.
Integrated form of the waveguide circuits in the terahertz range
Authors: Ayvazyan M. Ts. , Khachatryan M. G. , Khudaverdyan S. Kh.
Published: December 2020

Problem statement. The successful development of the terahertz range is inextricably linked to the creation of effective guide systems with the required characteristics, as well as a complete set of functional elements. Known guide systems of the specified range for several reasons do not allow creating a complete set of functional elements and circuits for various purposes. In this paper, the authors consider the principles of creating modular waveguide circuits based on a metaldielectric waveguide.

Objective. Study of the issues of creating waveguide circuits for various purposes in an integrated design. The choice of a square-section metal-dielectric waveguide is justified to solve this problem. The absence of surface currents on the walls of this waveguide dramatically reduces energy losses at the joints and flange connections. This allows for creating integrated circuits as a single module. A diagram of the high-frequency part of a monopulse locator made by pressing in plastic is given as an example.

Results. It is shown that the studied design of the circuits excludes flanged connections between waveguide elements, thereby reducing losses in the connections between various functional elements, which reduces the total losses in the circuit. Experimental results are presented.

Practical implications. A technology for integrated design of ultra-high-frequency terahertz circuits based on a metaldielectric waveguide, excluding flanged connections between functional elements, is proposed. This waveguide and the functional elements provide the development of various circuits for operation at high powers.
Adjustable circuits on semiconductor switching elements as a matching device in radar stations for outer space monitoring
Authors: Kulikov S. V. , Ashchunin S. Yu. , Korolev V. O. , Aldokhina V. N.
Published: December 2020

Formulation of the problem. When scanning in space by a phased array antenna (PAA), which consists of a large number of emitters, there is an interaction between them in the form of impedance. It affects the matching quality of the receiving-transmitting module of the PAA with the emitter and leads to significant losses of power and detection range of the radar station.

Objective. Improving the quality of the PAA emitters matching when changing the position of the antenna directional pattern beam in space due to the use of adjustable super high frequency (SHF) matching circuits on the switching elements.

Results. The article substantiates an increase in the functional capabilities of the development of adjustable matching circuits of super-high frequencies due to the use of switching elements in the device, which allow reducing the influence of factors caused by a change in the input impedance of the radiating element in phased antenna arrays. Based on the presented mathematical model, the change in the input resistance of the radiating elements is taken into account, which arises due to their mutual influence, and makes it possible to research the potential characteristics of controlled circuits when their structure and parameters change. The method of choosing the structure and parameters allows the device to be adjusted to the change in the input complex load resistance and ensure the minimum voltage standing-wave ratio.

Practical significance. The proposed device allows for the calculation of implemented adjustable matching circuits, which, with existing materials and manufacturing technologies, provide a decrease in losses and an increase in range. An experimental model of microstrip design was developed based on the proposed device and a field experiment was carried out, which confirmed the correctness of the approach to the developed device.
The Practice of Patient Education among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia
Authors: Majid Norhaini
Published: December 2020

Patient education is the process of influencing patient behaviour with using a combination method such as teaching, counselling and behaviour modification techniques to increasing the knowledge and maintain or improve health. Patient education is one way of communication between patient and nurses, which provides the necessary knowledge for enhancing patient care and potentially affecting their health outcomes. By doing the exploration on the current patient education practice, the study perhaps to overcome the issue of hospital readmission and patient able to manage their activities of daily living after receiving effective patient education. The study aims to investigate the perception and practice of patient education among nurses in one of the public hospital in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to identify the perception and factors influencing the practice of patient education among public hospital nurses. Stratified Random Sampling was used for the sampling technique. A total of 246 staff nurses were involved in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used in this study for obtained data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 21 was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that most of the nurses perceived patient education as a high priority in nursing care and it was nursing responsibility to provide patient education. Findings indicated that lack of time, inadequate staffing and lack of knowledge were significant factors that influenced the practice of patient education. Years of working experience among the nurses was found to be significantly associated with priority for patient teaching. In conclusion, public hospital nurses were having a positive attitude towards patient education but could not practice completely. In order to enhance patient education, a more strategy is required to address inadequate staffing, lack of time, and lack of knowledge. This study needs to be extended into further research in order to enhance the nurses’ roles as patient educators.
Keywords: Patient education, nurses, practice
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2476.
An overview of Wall Envelope Thermal Performance in Arid Climate Buildings
Authors: Alsaqabi Yazeed , Almhafdy Abdulbasit , AbdelMonteleb M. Ali Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Energy efficiency is an important issue that has been considered by many construction sectors. Recently, the research attention is focused on the thermal performance of the wall envelope, in particular, for its high energy consumption. This paper conducted a literature review highlighting the recent studies and research approach and methodology on the building wall envelope. Results indicate that climate, insulation and orientation are the key factors that should be considered on wall envelope design and installation.
Keywords: Wall Envelope, Orientation, Thermal Performance, Insulation Thickness
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2501.
Karst geomorphology in the Oštarije–Tounj area and its significance in the geomorphological evolution of the broader area
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Zagreb, Croatia, Bočić Neven
Published: December 2020

The Oštarije–Tounj area lies in the contact zone of two large geomorphological units: the Ogulin-Plaški basin and the Una-Korana plateau, along the northern edge of Dinaric karst in Croatia. This is a highly karstified landscape, with numerous surface and subterranean karst forms. The objective of this study was to determine the significance of the karst relief and the processes of its formation, with the aim of examining the interaction of these two large units during their geomorphological evolution. General and specific digital geomorphometric analyses were used, with geomorphological mapping. Within the morphogenetic approach, the morphostructural conditions of karstification, spatial distribution and significance of karst, and fluviokarst relief forms were analysed. Several dry valleys were established, indicating that this area was the important corridor for surface runoff from the Ogulin-Plaški basin towards the Una-Korana plateau. Tectonic up-lifting of the narrow zone between these two units created an orographic barrier, which hindered any further surface runoff and created the conditions for the development of karst subterranean watercourses. This paper provides a proposal of the morphogenesis model of the Ogulin-Plaški basin, summarised with the description “flattening and closure”.
Mobile Health Apps and Health Management Behaviors: Cost-Benefit Modeling Analysis
Authors: Mano Rita
Published: December 2020

Background

Rising criticism about the risks associated with the use of mobile health apps necessitates a critical perspective to assess the use of these apps. A cost-benefit approach involving several moderating factors can be used to detect technology effects and individual-level push and pull factors related to health attitudes, lifestyle, and health management behaviors.

Objective

We introduce a cost-benefit perspective to examine how health attitudes related to mobile health apps and health situational factors (health crises, health changes, and hospitalization) affect the likelihood of adopting lifestyle and health management behaviors among app users.

Methods

The analysis is based on individuals’ reported use of mobile health apps. The sample included 1495 US adults aged over 18 years who were contacted by landline or cellphone. A total of 50.96% (762/1495) of the participants were women. A set of logistic regression models was used to predict lifestyle and health management behaviors among users considering variations in the extent of use, health attitudes, health situation, and socioeconomic characteristics.

Results

The findings indicate that the proposed models were reasonably adequate. In all, 88.76% (1327/1495) of the cases were correctly classified regarding lifestyle behaviors, but only 71.97% (1076/1495) of the cases were correctly classified regarding health management behaviors. Although a large percentage of individuals changed their attitudes following the use of mobile health apps, only a small proportion adopted health management behaviors. The use of mobile health apps affected up to 67.95% (1016/1495) of the users for consultation and 71.97% (1076/1495) of the users for decision making. The model was effective for 88.76% (1327/1495) of the cases regarding lifestyle behaviors but only 71.97% (1076/1495) regarding health management behaviors. The moderating effect of regular use of mobile health apps significantly affects lifestyle (Wald=61.795; B=2.099; P<.005) but not health management behaviors (Wald=12.532; B=0.513; P=.01). These results collectively indicate that the use of mobile health apps for health management is partially effective.

Conclusions

The use of mobile health apps is a main route to instigate the process of health empowerment and shape health attitudes. However, an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of mobile health apps necessitates distinguishing between lifestyle and health management behaviors and adopting a cost-benefit approach because individuals facing health concerns, such as a chronic disease, health emergency, health crisis, or health change, consider their affordances and situational effects. These moderators generate a push and pull framework in the decision-making process that balances the costs and benefits of use.
Возможности средств для малоконтактного многоплоскостного остеосинтеза переломов голени и методик для ее реализации
Authors: Bilinskyi P.I. , Tsiura Yu.P. , Stetsenko O.P. , Antoniv V.R. , Sokolenko O.T.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Переломы костей голени (ПКГ) являются одним из наиболее распространенных повреждений опорно-двигательного аппарата. Время нетрудоспособности при них в среднем достигает 5–9 месяцев, в 22–45 % случаев наблюдаются неудовлетворительные результаты. Большое значение в лечении ПКГ имеет остеосинтез биомеханически обоснованными фиксаторами. Цель работы: оптимизировать средства малоконтактного многоплоскостного остеосинтеза (ММО) для лечения ПКГ, исследовать фиксирующие возможности этих фиксаторов, разработать методики их применения. Материалы и методы. Нами усовершенствовано устройство для фиксации костных отломков (УФКО) (патент Украины № 17502) соответственно анатомическим особенностям голени. Для определения микроподвижности отломков (МПО), стабилизированных полноконтактной накостной пластиной (ПНП) и УФКО, проведены теоретические расчеты с использованием метода конечных элементов. Исследовалась величина МПО большеберцовой кости (ББК) при поперечном, косом, оскольчатом переломах. Фиксация фрагмента имитировалась проведением 3–4 винтов. При косой линии излома, оскольчатом переломе фрагменты дополнительно стабилизировались 1–2 репозиционными винтами. Для исследования напряженного деформирования трехмерного тела созданы объемные модели, отображающие наиболее существенные особенности геометрии ББК, УФКО, ПНП. Результаты. Тактика лечения ПКГ строго индивидуальная. Она разрабатывалась с учетом полученных результатов исследований МПО, напряжения элементов конструкции фиксаторов и кости. Это отразилось на формировании конструкции УФКО, послеоперационном ведении больных. При поперечной и косой линии перелома преимущественно использовалась конструкция устройства с пластиной на 8 отверстий. У большинства пациентов послеоперационная иммобилизация не производилась. Время и величина дозированной нагрузки прооперированного сегмента определялись индивидуально. При массе тела пациента до 80 килограммов дозированная нагрузка разрешалась через 1,5 месяца после операции, полная — соответственно через 2,5–3 месяца. Критерием для ее начала было наличие достаточно развитой костной мозоли. На сегодняшний день с положительным результатом прооперировано более 460 пациентов с ПКГ. Выводы. Результаты исследования величины МПО, напряжения конструкций фиксаторов, ББК подтверждают значительные функциональные возможности предложенных средств для ММО ПКГ, позволяют разработать эффективные методики их использования. Они обеспечивают хороший клинический результат при диафизарных ПКГ, улучшают качество жизни пациентов, позволяют исключить многие осложнения, характерные для традиционного остеосинтеза.