bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Method For Estimation Of Metformin HCl and
Acarbose in Pharmaceutical Products and Seperation of
Metformin Impurities By RP-HPLC
Authors: Shaikh Jalil K. , Babu M Ajay , Farooqui Mazahar , Asema Syed Ummul Khair
Published: November 2020

A Simple, rapid, cost effective, stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been
developed for separation of Metformin HCl, its related impurities and Acarbose. Validated the
method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin (MF) and Acarbose (ACB) in its novel
combination of tablet formulation with Metformin 500 mg and Acarbose 50 mg. Metformin
HCl is an orally-administered biguanide, anti-hyperglycemic agent, used in the management
of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Acarbose is an oligosaccharide, used orally for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The separation was achieved by using isocratic mobile
phase consisting of mixture of phosphate buffer : acetonitrile (27:73 v/v), using Hypersil APS-
2 column, (250 x 4.6 mm x 5m) column at flow rate 2.0 mL/min. The detection was carried
out at 210 nm with 20 μl of injection volume. The column temperature was maintained at 35
°C. The retention time (RT) of MF, its related impurities and ACB were found to be RT 2.6
min for 1-Cynogaunidine (RC A), 6.0 for Metformin (MF), 8.5 for 1-Methylbigaunidine (RC
B), 10.4 for N,N-Dimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine(RC C), and 12.2 min for Acarbose
(ACB). The approach was found to be linear with the concentration of 5-25 μg/ml and 2.5-
15μg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.999 for MF and ACB respectively. The assay of
estimated compounds was found to be 99.19% and 99.08% w/v and mean accuracy 100.66%,
101.59% for MF and ACB respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH
guidelines. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak. The validation was
performed for various parameters like specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness
studies. The method was found to be capable for simultaneous quantification of Metformin
and Acarbose in its combination drug.
Evaluation of Neuroprotective and In-vitro Anti-oxidant
Activity Isolated Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Fraction from
Methanolic Extract of Biophytum reinwardtii
Authors: Nagaraju Bandaru , Ramu A. , Vidhyadhara S.
Published: November 2020

Nature is the best source of complementary and alternative medicine. The plant
Biophytum reinwardtii has been used traditionally in pain, inflammatory and oxidative stress
related disorders. In this consequence, fraction of methanolic extract of Biophytum reinwardtii
was selected to explore the ability of this plant to enhance cognitive function, brain
antioxidant enzymes and anti-acetyl cholinesterase activity which can be used for the
treatment of oxidative stress related disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of
this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of HEMBR on learning and memory
impairment in scopolamine-induced rats of dementia and oxidative stress. Treatment with
HEMBR (i.e., 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) was investigated in scopolamine-treated Swiss albino
male rats for 7 days and its neuroprotective effects were examined using Elevated Plus Maze
(EPM) test, Passive Avoidance (PA) test and, Morris Water Maze (MWM) test as well as level
of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat brain tissue homogenates. The present study
demonstrates that HEMBR showed the neuroprotective effect by improving cognitive
functions and reduces oxidative stress by increasing the level of brain antioxidant enzymes as
well as decreasing acetylcholinesterase activity. Therefore, this plant extract faction can be
used for enhancing learning, memory, antioxidant potentiality and anti-acetylcholinesterase
activity in neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
Elastic Full-Waveform Inversion Using Migration‑Based Depth Reflector Representation in the Data Domain
Authors: Cheverda Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Full-waveform seismic data inversion has given rise to hope for the simultaneous and automated execution of tomography and imaging by solving a nonlinear least-squares optimization problem. As previously recognized, brute force minimization by classical methods is hopeless if the data lacks low temporal frequencies. The article developed a reliable numerical method for recovering smooth velocity using model space decomposition. We present realistic synthetic examples to test the presented algorithm.
A Review of Registered Randomized Controlled Trials for the Prevention of Obesity in Infancy
Authors: Mihrshahi Seema , Jawad Danielle , Richards Louise A. , Hunter Kylie , Ekambareshwar Mahalakshmi , Seidler Anna Lene , Baur Louise A.
Published: November 2020

Childhood overweight and obesity is a worldwide public health issue. Our objective was to describe planned, ongoing and completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed for the prevention of obesity in early childhood. Two databases (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched to identify RCTs with the primary aim of preventing childhood obesity and at least one outcome related to child weight. Interventions needed to start in the first two years of childhood or earlier, continue for at least 6 months postnatally, include a component related to lifestyle or behaviors, and have a follow up time of at least 2 years. We identified 29 unique RCTs, implemented since 2008, with most being undertaken in high income countries. Interventions ranged from advice on diet, activity, sleep, emotion regulation and parenting education through individual home visits, clinic-based consultations or group education sessions. Eleven trials have published data on child weight related outcomes to date, though most were not sufficiently powered to detect significant effects. Many trials detected improvements in practices such as breastfeeding, screen time and physical activity in the intervention groups compared to the control groups. Further follow-up of ongoing trials is needed to assess longer-term effects.
Consumer Preferences for Meat Products Blended with Plant-Based Proteins in Germany
Authors: Profeta Adriano , Baune Marie-Christin , Smetana Sergiy , Bornkessel Sabine , Broucke Keshia , van Royen Gert , Enneking Ulrich , Weiss Jochen , Heinz Volker , Terjung Nino
Published: November 2020

High levels ofmeat consumption are increasingly being criticised for ethical, environmental, 2 and social reasons. Plant-based meat substitutes have been identified as healthy sources of protein in 3 comparison to meat. This alternative offers several social, environmental and health benefits and may 4 play a role in reducing meat consumption. However, there has been a lack of research on how specific 5 meat substitute attributes can influence consumers to replace or partially replace meat in their diets. 6 Research demonstrates that in many countries consumers are highly attached to meat.They consider 7 it as an essential and integral element of their daily diet. For these consumers which are not interested 8 in vegan or vegetarian alternatives to meat, so-called meathybrids could be a low-threshold option 9 for a more sustainable food consumption behaviour. In meathybrids only a fraction of the meat 10 product (e.g. 20% to 50%) is replaced with plant-based proteins. In this paper, the results of an online 11 survey with 500 German consumers are presented with focus on preferences and attitudes relating 12 to meathyrids. The results show that more than fifty percent of consumers substitute meat at least 13 occasionally. Thus, about half of the respondents reveal an eligible consumption behaviour in respect 14 to sustainability and healthiness to a certain degree. Concerning the determinants of choosing either 15 meathybrid or meat it becomes evident that the highest effect is exerted by the health perception. The 16 healthier meathybrids are perceived, the higher is the choice probability. Thus, this egoistic motive 17 seems to outperform altruistic motives like animal welfare or environmental concerns when it comes 18 to choice for this new product category.
Intraoperative Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: A Prospective Parallel Phase II Study.
Authors: Macaione Ina , Mandalà Lucio , Campisi Antonella , Roz Elena , Mercadante Sebastiano , Piazza Dario , Mezzatesta Pietro , Gebbia Vittorio
Published: November 2020

.Background: Prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) showed promising results in patients with colorectal carcinoma at high risk of recurrence but still without clinically and radiologically evident signs of peritoneal spread. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of this proactive, early phase, multimodality approach. Methods: A mono-institutional, prospective, parallel, two-stage phase II trial enrolled 49 patients to standard surgery or surgery plus intraoperative HIPEC. Before the procedure and during surgery, patients received intravenous fluorouracil (and leucovorin to potentiate oxaliplatin activity. Data analysis included length of hospital stay, surgery duration, type of surgery and chemotherapy-related complications risk score. Results: No significant difference was seen in the median time spent in the hospital with a median stay of 7 days in both groups (p=0.5720). The surgical procedure's median duration was longer in the HIPEC group than in the control one. Side-effects and surgical complications did not cross at any time the Pocock-type boundary for side/effect monitoring (p=0.80, N.S.). Conclusions: The present prospective study results demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the colorectal surgery plus HIPEC treatment in patients with colorectal cancer patients at high-risk for peritoneal invasion, although clinically and radiologically undetectable.
TRANSICIÓN Y PERSISTENCIA EN EL CICLO FORMAL-INFORMAL EN MÉXICO
Authors:   Facultad de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Escobedo González Jaime J. , Moreno Treviño Jorge O.
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes the role of human capital in the formal-informal transition of workers in Mexico. We create a dynamic pooled aligned panel of 44 quarters, using a series of quarterly panel data that follows each individual for 5 consecutive quarters, using the Mexican Employment Survey. Using this synthetic dataset we estimate a dynamic multinomial logit model and classify potential working force people in four labor states: formal, informal, unemployed, and outside the labor market. Our results show that: 1) persistence is greater in informality vs. formality, and 2) worker’s human capital plays an important role in formal-informal transitions. In particular, worker’s education not only increases the probability of being formal but also increases the probability of entering and/or remaining into formality.
KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIVITY IN SPANISH INDUSTRY
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez César , Canal-Domínguez Juan Francisco
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed at measuring the effects of firms’ knowledge capital stock changes in production, using the information provided by a panel of Spanish industrial firms. In order to assess the size of these effects depending upon the type of industry, we split the sample into two broad branches of business activity: Low and Medium-low (LML), and High and Medium-high (HMH) technological firms. Estimate outcomes show that the elasticity of output with respect to knowledge capital is always positive and significant. Moreover, the highest productivity gains derived from innovation are observed in High and Medium-high technological firms.
Miért kell sokat várni a babára?
Authors: Makay Zsuzsanna
Published: November 2020

A tanulmányban a Kohorsz’18 (Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat) várandósságról szóló adataival számszerűsítettük, hogy a gyermeket váró párok esetében külön az anya és az apa életkora, valamint a kettő kombinációja milyen mértékben befolyásolja, hogy a várandósság elérése nehézségbe ütközik-e vagy sem. Ezt a következőképpen definiáltuk: 12 hónapnál tovább tartott mire a várandósság bekövetkezett, és/vagy valamilyen kezelésre került sor, ami hozzájárult a kívánt fogantatás megvalósulásához. A logisztikus regressziók eredményei szerint az életkor emelkedése szignifikánsan növeli annak a valószínűségét, hogy a kívánt várandósság elérése nehézségekbe ütközik. A 30 év alatti nőkhöz viszonyítva ez a hatás már a 30–34 évesek körében szignifikáns, esetükben 1,63 volt az esélyhányados. A 35–39 évesek körében a hatás 3,6-szoros, a 40 évesek és idősebbek esetében pedig 8,3 szoros. Az első gyermeküket váró nők esetében még nagyobb annak a valószínűsége, hogy 30 éves koruk felett a kívánt várandósság várat magára, ugyanakkor, ha már nem az első gyermekét vállalja, akkor nem számít, hogy a baba 30 éves kor alatt vagy 30 és 35 év között valósul meg. A férfiak esetében, amennyiben 40 évesek vagy idősebbek, a 40 év alattiakhoz képest kétszeresére nő annak a valószínűsége, hogy nehézségek adódnak. Becslést készítettünk arra vonatkozóan, hogy évente Magyarországon hány gyermek születik asszisztált reprodukciós eljárások következtében: mintegy 1920 gyermek születik lombikbabaként, szervezeten kívüli megtermékenyítéssel, akikhez még 427 olyan gyermek társul, akik inszemináció után fogannak meg.A két eljárás az egy azon évben született gyermekek 2,64%-át, 2347 gyermeket érint. A becslés 95%-os konfidenciaintervalluma alapján az így született gyermekek éves száma 1920 és 2631 között valószínűsíthető.
A várandósság alatti depresszió és szorongás szocio-demográfiai rizikótényezői
Authors: Kopcsó Krisztina
Published: November 2020

A várandósság idején fennálló depresszió és szorongás a várandósok körülbelül ötödét érintő, az anya és a gyermek egészségére is negatív hatást gyakorló mentális problémák, amelyek előfordulására a korábbi kutatások eredményei szerint befolyást gyakorolhatnak az anya szocio-demográfiai jellemzői. Jelen elemzés célja a várandósság alatti depresszió és szorongás szocio-demográfiai kockázati tényezőkkel mutatott összefüggéseinek feltárása a mai magyarországi várandósok populációjára nézve reprezentatív hazai mintán. Az elemzés tárgyát a Kohorsz ’18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat első szakaszának adatai adták (n=7701). A szorongás és depresszió felmérése önkitöltős szűrőeszközökkel történt, amelyek alapján a harmadik trimeszterben járó várandósok 12,5%-ánál volt valószínűsíthető depresszió és 15,8%-uk esetén szorongásos zavar. A várandósság alatti depresszió és szorongás fennállásának valószínűsége az egyváltozós statisztikai elemzésekben mindegyik vizsgált prediktor változóval (iskolai végzettség, életkor, paritás, partnerkapcsolati helyzet, várandósság tervezettsége, háztartás jövedelme, saját és partner munkaviszonya, lakhely) szignifikáns összefüggést mutatott. A többváltozós statisztikai elemzésben a prediktor változók hatása a várandós és a partnere munkaviszonyának kivételével változatlanul fennállt, és összességében a várandósság alatti depresszió és szorongás varianciájának 9–14%-át magyarázta. Az elemzés eredményei igazolták, hogy az alacsonyabb iskolai végzettség, a fiatalabb életkor, a többgyermekesség, a nem házas családi állapot, a nem tervezett várandósság, a háztartás alacsony jövedelme és az észak-magyarországi, észak-alföldi, valamint pesti lakhely összefüggést mutatnak a várandósság alatti szorongás és depresszió fennállásának magasabb kockázatával, ugyanakkor az egyének közötti különbségek csupán csekély részéért felelnek. A vizsgált rizikótényezők közül a depressziós és/vagy szorongásos tünetek fennállásának valószínűségéhez a többváltozós modellben az járult hozzá a legnagyobb mértékben, ha a várandósnak nem volt vele élő partnere, ha a harmadik vagy többedik gyermekét várta, ha a háztartásának a jövedelme az alsó ötödhöz tartozott, és ha a lakhelye Pest régióban volt.
SALA DE AULA INVERTIDA NO ENSINO DA QUÍMICA ORGÂNICA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Silva Bruna , Silva Neto Sebastião , Leite Bruno
Published: November 2020

FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN TEACHING ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A CASE STUDY. The flipped classroom is one of the types of rotation model strategies that aim of increasing interaction and personalized contact time between students and teachers in the classroom setting. In this study, we investigated the application of the flipped classroom strategy in two classes of the different semesters in the discipline of Organic Chemistry. The teacher applied this strategy in different ways in order to verify how the flipped classroom can contribute to the teaching and learning process in the content of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The research, of qualitative nature, is a case study being carried out in six steps with the participation of twenty-five students and one teacher. The instruments used for data collection were an investigative questionnaire (applied to students) and a structured interview (carried out with the teacher). The results show that the students had control over their learning, presenting a favorable position for the application of the strategy. In addition, the teacher reported that it was possible to deepen the content of NMR with his students, teaching the class in a different way than he was used to, focusing on doubts (individual and collective), as well as comments regarding the materials produced by him.
Control of the air suspension system of semi-trailer trucks to enhance the road friendliness
Authors: Zhou Huaxiang , Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Peiling
Published: November 2020

An air suspension system of semi-trailer trucks controlled by semi-active fuzzy logic control is proposed and researched to reduce the dynamic load coefficient (DLC) of the wheel axles. A dynamical model described by a nonlinear system with 7-DOF of the vehicle and a Simulink program developed in Matlab software are applied to simulate the DLC values under different operation conditions. The fuzzy control is then applied to control damping coefficients of the air suspension system. The obtained results show that semi-active air suspension of semi-trailer truck is overall superior to passive air suspension. The DLC values are also significantly decreased in all cases of the road surface roughness, over a range of vehicle velocity and the different loaded conditions. Particularly, under vehicle fully loaded condition, the DLC value of the tractor driver is greatly reduced by 27.4 % at speed of 27.5 m/s on the ISO level B road.
Design and evaluation of zero-energy UVC-LED reactor fitted with hand pump system for disinfection
Authors: Sundar Kaviya Piriyah , Kanmani S.
Published: November 2020

The main source of drinking water for rural communities in India is rainwater harvesting ponds. These ponds do have a sand filtration system for turbidity removal, but the bacteriological quality of these ponds is not under compliance in most cases. In this context, Pattikadu village in Kancheepuram District (Tamil Nadu, South India) was chosen as the study area. It was observed that the biological parameter of drinking water from hand pumps exceeds the limit prescribed by Indian standards. In this work, zero-energy disinfection technology was developed using UVC-LEDs for drinking water to meet the standards. The electrical power required for the disinfection was taken from the mechanical energy from up and down movement of the hand pump lever. UVC-LEDs (λemission 275 ± 5 nm) were powered by a 6 V rechargeable battery which stores electrical energy by mechanical movement of the hand pump lever. An annular-type UVC-LED photo-reactor (1 litre) was developed and 100% disinfection within 6 minutes’ contact time was achieved. The UVC dose-based inactivation rate constant was 0.57 cm2/mJ. The present study demonstrated 2-log inactivation for a 4.68 mJ/cm2 UVC dose. The novelty of the study is its practical applicability of a sustainable point-of-use disinfection technology which might be economically implemented in lower-income smaller communities.
The Use of Time Domain NMR in Food Analysis: A Review
Authors: Acri Giuseppe , Sansotta Carlo , Ruello Elisa V. , Denaro Lucia , Salmeri Francesca M. , Testagrossa Barbara
Published: November 2020

In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (TD-NMR). The Introduction section describes the methods usually adopted for
the assessment of food quality, whereas the second paragraph illustrates the basic physical principles
of the TD-NMR technique. In the third section, we discuss the principal application of the TDNMR
method in food science. In fact, in the last decades, TD-NMR has become one of the most efficient
and advanced techniques for the analysis of food products. In TD-NMR technique, the proton
relaxation (transversal relaxation, T2) is monitored, providing information about the mobility of
the nuclei. TD-NMR is principally used for monitoring the fat composition of food products,
which represents a crucial parameter to be considered for controlling the food properties and improving
its quality. This paper will present a summary of the most important applications of low
field TD-NMR technique in food science and the results of the most important researches.
Next Generation Sequencing in the Management of Leptomeningeal Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Shuo , Ke Linping , Meng Xue , Zhou Haiyan , Zhang Xiqin , Wu Huaguo , Yu Jinming , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2020

Background:

Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Metastases (LM) from Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is usually based on clinical symptoms, Cerebral-Spinal Fluid (CSF) cytology,
and neuro-imaging. However, early diagnosis of LM in NSCLC is challenging due to the low
sensitivity of these approaches. The Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) using CSF could help improve
the diagnosis of LM and guide its treatment options.

Case Presentation:

We report a 39-year-old male NSCLC patient with negative molecular testing
results in the lung cancer tissue sample. The patient developed symptoms of LM with the negative
CSF cytology and MRI; however, the NGS analysis of CSF revealed an EGFR exon 19 del mutation.
The patient attained 6 months of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) by treating with erlotinib
and anlotinib before the neurological symptoms appeared again. EGFR Thr790Met was positive in
the CSF but negative in his plasma. The patient was then treated with osimertinib therapy and the
response was maintained for more than 1 year.

Results & Discussion:

This case is the first study reporting the clinical benefit of using the combination
of erlotinib and anlotinib for the treatment of LM with the EGFR 19 del, osimertinib with
EGFR T790M mutation in CSF, but negative gene mutation in the blood or lung tumor biopsy specimens.
Our results support that genetic analysis should be performed with CSF samples in all cases
of suspected LM when the results of testing for EGFR/ALK/ROS1 mutation in blood samples or tumor
biopsy specimens are negative, as these patients could benefit from treatment of TKIs in a
poor prognostic setting.

Conclusion:

In parallel to current patents, NGS could be applied as a novel strategy in the managing
of NSCLC patients with LM.
BCG Vaccine does not Protect Against COVID-19
Authors: Allam Mohamed F. , Amin Ghada E.EL-D.
Published: November 2020

A recent article by Jop de Vrieze (March 23, 2020) suggested that BCG vaccine could protect against COVID-19 infections. The arguments were that several European countries, like Italy, Spain, France, and Germany, which are badly affected by COVID-19, and the USA stopped vaccination of the general population by BCG and excluded it from their routine vaccination schedule. Many people started to receive doses of BCG based on that hypothesis even before its confirmation. We think that the BCG vaccine could not protect against COVID-19 because several countries like China and Iran, which are severely affected by COVID-19, still include the BCG vaccine in its routine vaccination schedule. Other arguments include that the BCG vaccine improves cell-mediated immunity with little effect on humoral immunity; Immunity against viruses, in general, is mainly humoral.
Prevalence of Induced Abortion and its Associated Factors among Female Students of Health Science in South West Ethiopia
Authors: Nigussie Tadesse , Feyisa Mulugeta , Yosef Tewodros , Berhanu Mahilet , Asefa Adane
Published: November 2020

Background:

Globally, approximately 180-200 million pregnancies occur each year, about 75 million are unwanted pregnancies. The majority of unwanted pregnancies end in induced abortions each year. Combating abortion, abortion-related morbidity and mortality by preventing unwanted pregnancy has a great role in decreasing maternal mortality. Induced abortions, specifically unsafe abortion, are an important public health concern in developing countries. Nursing professionals encounter cases in their everyday activities; thus, findings from this study have paramount importance for nurses to be aware of the magnitude problem, which in turn help them to make an informed decision in their activities.

Objective:

To assess prevalence induced abortion and its associated factors among Health Science Students in South West Ethiopia.

Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on female students. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epidata manager version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software for windows for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with induced abortion.

Results:

A total of 420 randomly selected female students were involved in the study. The prevalence of induced abortion was 18.8%. The factors associated with induced abortion among college students were urban residents (AOR = 3.91, 95%CI: 1.85-8.27), having poor knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (AOR = 3.21, 95%CI: 1.62-6.38), and having a father with no formal education (AOR = 4.20, 95%CI: 1.87-9.42).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of induced abortion among the College of health science female students was found remarkable and we can conclude that induced abortion is one of public health importance among this population. Therefore, Mizan-Tepi University, College of health science, and Town health offices have to collaborate to decrease unwanted pregnancy to prevent induced abortion. Health education regarding contraceptive use, the consequence of induced abortion, and youth friendly services have to be delivered for students.
Dynamics of single candidate in election of regional heads
Authors: Widhiasthini Ni Wayan
Published: November 2020

Badung Regency is one of the regions that hold regional head elections in 2020, to elect the Regent and Deputy Regent. The uniqueness of the Election in Badung Regency is that it is only participated by one pair of candidates or a single candidate. This reality is very contradictory to the condition of the Badung Regency as the richest area in Bali, the center of the economy, and tourism has a geographical structure where all areas can be reached by information technology, as well as an urban area which is inhabited by many immigrants. Based on this, the formulation of the problem discussed is how the dynamics of a single candidate in the regional head election in Badung Regency. The focus of the discussion is the stages of the General Election held by the KPU of Badung Regency in the Badung Regency area. Several research results inspire the discussion of this article. The conclusions that can be formulated include, a single candidate campaign is carried out with several adjustments such as the debate between pairs of candidates being changed to a deepening of the vision and mission to provide political education for the community.
reality of government communication in hitu lama negeri development planning, Central Maluku Regency
Authors: Kaliky Pahrul Idham , Wance Marno , Matdoan Muhammad Yahya
Published: November 2020

This research was to understand the reality of development communication in Hitu Lama Negeri, Central Maluku Regency. The purpose of this research is to determine the communication barriers of the Saniri Negeri and Government institutions in planning the development of the country. The results of the study, it found that obstacles to development planning caused conflicts of national interest, namely (1). Some of the people/residents of Negeri Hitu Lama have experienced a decline in the trust of the head of the existence of the Traditional Institution (Saniri Negeri) so that it hinders development planning. (2) Planning for the development of Hitu Lama Negeri still has conflicts of interest, institutional egos, causing delays in development planning. The development communication pattern used is the local customary approach like the state government carries out personal communication with customary institutions to build harmony in carrying out development planning.
Flora y micobiota en riesgo y endémicas en el municipio San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, México
Authors: Hernández-López Leticia , Rodríguez Alcántar Olivia , Figueroa-García Darío , Reynoso Dueñas Jesús Jacqueline , Arias Armando
Published: November 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: San Sebastián del Oeste (SSO), municipio ubicado en el occidente de Jalisco, México, cuenta con inventarios de flora y micobiota realizados por varios autores del presente trabajo. Sin embargo, tales compilaciones excluyen información sobre el estado de conservación de las especies citadas. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta contribución es aportar datos sobre el endemismo y las categorías de riesgo de estos grupos biológicos, que coadyuven a las estrategias para su conservación.
Métodos: Se tomaron como base los listados de la flora y los hongos del municipio, y se determinó la distribución de sus especies con base en la revisión bibliográfica y bases de datos digitales. Posteriormente se definieron los niveles de endemismo. Las categorías de riesgo se determinaron mediante el cotejo de los listados mencionados con las listas de la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, la Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN (LR-UICN) y los apéndices de CITES. Para plantas se revisó también la Lista Roja de Árboles del Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (LR-BMM).
Resultados clave: Se presenta un listado de 407 especies y taxones infraespecíficos de plantas vasculares. De ese listado, 332 elementos están en una o varias categorías de riesgo (38 en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, 121 en la LR-BMM, 80 en CITES y 205 en la LR-UICN) y 94 son endémicos del occidente de México. De los endémicos, 31 se restringen a Jalisco y seis son microendémicos exclusivos del municipio. En cuanto a hongos, se reconocen cinco especies en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y cinco en la LR-UICN; no existen registros en CITES.
Conclusiones: San Sebastián del Oeste es un importante reservorio de plantas endémicas y en riesgo. El conocimiento del estado de conservación de la micobiota es más incipiente que el de las plantas.
The use of internet in management sciences: Evidence from higher educational institutions
Authors:   Department of Management Information System, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al- Kharj, Saudi Arabia, Bahaj Saeed Omer Ali
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the students' attitudes towards the use of the internet among students in the College of Business Administration at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University for the academic year 2019-2020. Using data from a self-administered survey that was adopted and adapted from previous studies, the results of this study indicate that the respondents have a positive attitude toward using the internet, which is reflected in the high percentages of using the internet. The results of this study should be useful to policymakers at the university level and the classroom level as there is a positive attitude in disseminating knowledge in the higher educational setting.
Comportamiento de crecimiento y reproductivo en hembras bovinas Romosinuano
Authors: Martínez-Rocha Ricardo Emmanuel , Ramírez-Valverde Rodolfo , Núñez-Domínguez Rafael , García-Muñiz José Guadalupe , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Caracterizar las curvas de crecimiento y el comportamiento reproductivo de vacasRomosinuano en México. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 928 registros de peso y edad de127 hembras para características de crecimiento, y 459 registros de partos de 113 vacas paracaracterísticas reproductivas. Se ajustaron cuatro modelos no lineales mixtos para describir la curvade crecimiento, y se estimaron los indicadores de edad al 50% de madurez (E50M) y porcentaje demadurez a los 18 meses de edad (PM18). Para evaluar el comportamiento reproductivo se estimóla edad al primer parto (EPP), intervalo entre partos (IEP), y tasa de pariciones (TP). Resultados.El modelo de Brody fue el que mejor ajustó la curva de crecimiento. El parámetro A, que estimael peso maduro, osciló entre 430.2 y 466.2 kg; el b entre 0.94 y 5.45; y el k entre 0.001 y 0.002;dependiendo del modelo utilizado. La E50M varió entre 20 y 21 meses, y el PM18 entre 44.5 y 45.5%.Las medias de EPP, IEP, y TP a los 550 d fueron 1059±282 d, 553±68 d, y 74±19%, y mejorando(p<0.05) cuando las hembras presentan mayor porcentaje de su peso maduro, dependiendo de laépoca de parto. Conclusiones. El peso maduro estimado indica que el ganado Romosinuano puedeconsiderarse como una raza de tamaño pequeño o mediano, con aceptable aptitud reproductiva. Lashembras con menor tamaño maduro estimado presentaron edades al primer parto más tempranoque vacas más pesadas.
A Human-Algorithm Integration System for Hip Fracture Detection on Plain Radiography: System Development and Validation Study
Authors: Cheng Chi-Tung , Chen Chih-Chi , Cheng Fu-Jen , Chen Huan-Wu , Su Yi-Siang , Yeh Chun-Nan , Chung I-Fang , Liao Chien-Hung
Published: November 2020

Background

Hip fracture is the most common type of fracture in elderly individuals. Numerous deep learning (DL) algorithms for plain pelvic radiographs (PXRs) have been applied to improve the accuracy of hip fracture diagnosis. However, their efficacy is still undetermined.

Objective

The objective of this study is to develop and validate a human-algorithm integration (HAI) system to improve the accuracy of hip fracture diagnosis in a real clinical environment.

Methods

The HAI system with hip fracture detection ability was developed using a deep learning algorithm trained on trauma registry data and 3605 PXRs from August 2008 to December 2016. To compare their diagnostic performance before and after HAI system assistance using an independent testing dataset, 34 physicians were recruited. We analyzed the physicians’ accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with the algorithm; we also performed subgroup analyses according to physician specialty and experience. Furthermore, we applied the HAI system in the emergency departments of different hospitals to validate its value in the real world.

Results

With the support of the algorithm, which achieved 91% accuracy, the diagnostic performance of physicians was significantly improved in the independent testing dataset, as was revealed by the sensitivity (physician alone, median 95%; HAI, median 99%; P<.001), specificity (physician alone, median 90%; HAI, median 95%; P<.001), accuracy (physician alone, median 90%; HAI, median 96%; P<.001), and human-algorithm agreement [physician alone κ, median 0.69 (IQR 0.63-0.74); HAI κ, median 0.80 (IQR 0.76-0.82); P<.001. With the help of the HAI system, the primary physicians showed significant improvement in their diagnostic performance to levels comparable to those of consulting physicians, and both the experienced and less-experienced physicians benefited from the HAI system. After the HAI system had been applied in 3 departments for 5 months, 587 images were examined. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the HAI system for detecting hip fractures were 97%, 95.7%, and 96.08%, respectively.

Conclusions

HAI currently impacts health care, and integrating this technology into emergency departments is feasible. The developed HAI system can enhance physicians’ hip fracture diagnostic performance.
Jobs, Housing, and Mask Wearing: Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for COVID-19
Authors: van den Broek-Altenburg Eline M , Atherly Adam J , Diehl Sean A , Gleason Kelsey M , Hart Victoria C , MacLean Charles D , Barkhuff Daniel A , Levine Mark A , Carney Jan K
Published: November 2020

Background

Many studies have focused on the characteristics of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 and clinical risk factors. This study reports the prevalence of COVID-19 in an asymptomatic population of a hospital service area (HSA) and identifies factors that affect exposure to the virus.

Objective

The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 in an HSA, identify factors that may increase or decrease the risk of infection, and analyze factors that increase the number of daily contacts.

Methods

This study surveyed 1694 patients between April 30 and May 13, 2020, about their work and living situations, income, behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, and prepandemic health characteristics. This data was linked to testing data for 454 of these patients, including polymerase chain reaction test results and two different serologic assays. Positivity rate was used to calculate approximate prevalence, hospitalization rate, and infection fatality rate (IFR). Survey data was used to analyze risk factors, including the number of contacts reported by study participants. The data was also used to identify factors increasing the number of daily contacts, such as mask wearing and living environment.

Results

We found a positivity rate of 2.2%, a hospitalization rate of 1.2%, and an adjusted IFR of 0.55%. A higher number of daily contacts with adults and older adults increases the probability of becoming infected. Occupation, living in an apartment versus a house, and wearing a face mask outside work increased the number of daily contacts.

Conclusions

Studying prevalence in an asymptomatic population revealed estimates of unreported COVID-19 cases. Occupational, living situation, and behavioral data about COVID-19–protective behaviors such as wearing a mask may aid in the identification of nonclinical factors affecting the number of daily contacts, which may increase SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
Mobile Virtual Reality Versus Mobile 360° Video to Promote Enrollment in the Diabetes Prevention Program Among Hispanic Adults: Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gibson Bryan , Simonsen Sara , Jensen Jakob D , Yingling Leah , Schaefer Julia , Sundaresh Vishnu , Zhang Yue , Altizer Roger
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Hispanic adults are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes; however, the rate of enrollment is very low.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this pilot project was to determine whether presenting brief motivational mobile videos in virtual reality vs 360° video has differential effects on risk perceptions and enrollment in the DPP.

METHODS

Adults with prediabetes were recruited at a clinic serving a low-income Hispanic community. After consenting, the participants completed a baseline survey that collected information about demographics and risk perceptions. All participants then viewed 2 videos. Per random assignment, the videos were presented either using the participant’s smartphone alone (360° video) or were viewed with their smartphone in a virtual reality (VR) cardboard headset. Two weeks later, a follow-up survey collected measures of enrollment in the DPP, risk perceptions, health literacy, the importance of contextual factors related to the decision of whether to enroll in the DPP (eg, distance to the class), and qualitative feedback on the interventions. We used logistic regression to determine whether enrollment in the DPP differed by intervention mode, while accounting for health literacy and contextual factors related to the DPP. We used unpaired t tests to examine differences in change in risk perceptions between groups. Paired t tests were used to examine within-subject changes in risk perceptions.

RESULTS

A total of 116 participants provided complete data. Most participants were middle-aged (mean age 44.6 years; SD 11.9) Hispanic (114/116), female (79/116), with low health literacy (mean score 12.3/20; SD 3.4). Enrollment in the DPP was 44/116 (37.9%) overall but did not differ by group (odds ratio for enrolling in VR group 1.78, 95% CI 0.75-4.3; P=.19). Individuals who rated the distance needed to travel to attend the DPP as more important were less likely to enroll in the DPP (odds ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.92; P=.03). Risk perceptions did not differ by group (mean change in 360° video group -0.07, mean change in VR group 0.03, t=0.6, P=.54) and did not change within subjects (mean 0.02, t=0.21, P=.83). Participant feedback suggested that the videos are emotionally engaging and educational.

CONCLUSIONS

The videos presented in 360° video and mobile VR had equal efficacy in promoting enrollment in the DPP. Future work to rigorously evaluate this intervention, its mechanism of action, and potential moderators of the efficacy are discussed.
JEFFERSON AND TOCQUEVILLE ON DEMOCRACY AS HEMISPERIC VIEWS
Authors: Murwantono Didik
Published: November 2020

This paper examines democracy to Jefferson’s and Tocqueville’s philosophy in shaping the American polity. A few scholars have discussed the connection between Jefferson and Tocqueville, but this writing provides a value of democracy as hemispheric mind or trans-national sources. Democracy is not only an American intellectual mind, but also a global mind. The philosophers, sociologists, and economists of the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth century formulated a political program that served as a guide to social policy first in the United States, then on the European continent, and finally in the other parts of the inhabited world as well. It was reflected in Tocqueville’s journey for learning democracy in America around the mid of the nineteenth century. Therefore, there are two significant points to describe both Tocqueville and Jefferson; they are democracy and tradition with all conditions.Keywords: Jefferson, Tocqueville, democracy, founding, and liberal
A POPULAR CULTURE RESEARCH ON AMERICAN HEGEMONY IN TRANSNATIONAL WOMEN MAGAZINE ADVERTISEMENTS
Authors: Dukut Ekawati Marhaenny
Published: November 2020

Women magazine advertisements from the United States of America (U.S.A.) cross border in space of time and location due to the transnational characteristics of American popular culture. By traveling through spaces of time, an advertisement from previous years is possible to come up again in many years after. This occurence happens in some U.S. women magazine advertisements. Meanwhile through spaces of location, U.S. magazine advertisements can also be published in magazines from other nations with almost no real difference in its visualizations, like what happens in Indonesian women magazines. Scholars claim the occurrence is influenced by the American hegemony phenomena. Working under the American Studies discipline, the researcher chooses a total of 3621 women magazine advertisements from the 2007-2008 issues of U.S. Ladies Home Journal, O: The Oprah Magazine, Cosmopolitan; Indonesian Cosmopolitan, Kartini, and Femina, as well as 1960 Ladies Home Journal to become the main data for research. In her research, a thread of popular culture, consumer culture and gender ideology perspectives are found. First, through popular culture, the advertisements gain an easy access for transnationality and globalization. Second, through consumer culture, the researcher finds that women are acknowledged as the highest potential as consumers because they are the decision makers of their own family’s household expenses. Third, by dissecting and analyzing the advertisements in more detail, the research also finds that gender ideology confirms how society still want women to maintain the traditional roles of women as mothers and housewives.Keywords: Transnational American Studies, popular culture, hegemony, gender ideology
CONCEPTUALIZING FRIENDSHIP THROUGH AMERICAN GAY TELEVISION SERIES IN 2000S
Authors: Rudy Rudy
Published: November 2020

Gay culture has been one of the most phenomenal issues in the world, particularly in the United States. As this culture has become pro and contra over American regarding their point of view, ethically or unethically, thus, it has been spread all over the world through media, particularly television, which makes it unique and essential to observe through the television series, gay characters appear with certain features attached to them. This study concentrates on the depiction of gay shown through American gay television series in 2000s. As gay culture is strongly connected to the collectivity, the friendship among minority groups like gay people has become fascinating to identify. By focusing on how and why the friendship is portrayed through the gay television series, this study incorporates semiotic approach to identify the friendship among gay shown by the American gay television series in 2000s. The observation of the gay television series have revealed that friendship among gay people plays a significant role in gay culture. The research findings show that the depiction of friendship through the gay TV series symbolizes similar values and vision shared among gay people in order to reach solidarity. Additionally, strong friendship as a binding value is always the feature shown by oppressed minority groups in a society.Keywords: Gay, Television Series, 2000s, Friendship, America Culture
Framing Women Politician in Democratic Environment: A Study of Megawati Soekarno Putri and Hillary Clinton
Authors: Hapsari Nurlita
Published: November 2020

This research was aimed to examine how media coverage produces particular framing toward women politician during presidential campaign as well as the significance behind the framings toward gender conception in Indonesia and America. Media holds a vital political role as it helps shaping people’s opinion over particular issues and figures. As media coverage toward particular candidates can profoundly affect election outcomes, it is interesting to see how media presents two women figures who ran for presidential race.This is a qualitative research. The main sources of data are articles gathered from eight online-based news outlets. There are two kinds of data; primary and secondary data. For analysis on Megawati Soekarno Putri, the primary data are articles from Detik, Liputan6, and Tempo. While for Hillary Clinton, the data are articles from The New York Times, USA Today, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times, and The Wall Street Journal. The secondary data are all selected works or research related to the topic such as reference books and journals.This research was done under the framework of American Studies. Since American Studies is interdisciplinary, it involves various theories and disciplines. This research uses gender theory to observe how media shape the image of women politician through their news coverage. Critical discourse analysis is used to explore the significance of media framing on women politician to society’s conception of women’s gender roles. Then, framing theory is important to analyze media’s method and ideology in constructing the facts within the coverage.In the research analysis, it is found that there are various framings used by media to describe Hillary Clinton and Megawati Soekarno Putri. While media in two countries have different focuses, news coverage on both media share the same stereotyping woman theme such as emphasis on physical appearance and family association. In the end, learning from the media framing toward woman politician, we can conclude that despite feminist achievement in many areas, woman are still highly perceived as unfit to be in political world. Keywords: Gender, politics, media, framing.