bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water concept in the novel by Olena Pechorna the witch
Authors: Gurduz Andriy
Published: March 2021

In Ukrainian prose of the first decades of the ХХІ century nearly greatest attention to the artistic word cleanness is spared by Olena Pechorna, her scantily explored novels deserve a system study. The novel The Witch occupies an important place in her artistic work and it is organic for her idiostyle paradigm, but while did not get a professional estimation. In our article we carry out an attempt to define the specific of dominant water concept in the novel The Witch for the first time. The key in the article become the study of the realization type of the water concept of in the book, and also the research of changes of its expression by comparison to the previous novels of authoress, finding out of method of subordination of The Witch poetics to the named concept. In the article are used psychoanalytic, system and comparable methods of research, elements of corporeal-mimetic method. The Witch continues a row of pseudomystic novels, where the expressed corporalness and system personification of the natural phenomena, objects, abstractions, etc. assists to the irrational atmosphere.
Personification here is more electoral, its receptions are carried in descriptions of the emotional state, landscape, interior. «Circular elements» go out on the first plan and they assists to conceptualization of the different phenomena row. That are leit-motif imitations: updating; elements of application of meal and / whether taste feelings; the anatomy-type description of the phenomena, objects, abstractions, etc.; expressed corporalness.
In The Witch system of images and microimages a separate place belongs to the water concept. As well as in «The Circles on the Water» or «A Fortress for the Heart», a water is living here, but already not anatomic and it is more frequent represented in description of processes and states. The accordingly executed descriptions of personages experiencing and properties complement a water dictate in the novel. The dominating woman beginning, incident to the pantheistic picture of the authoress’ art world, is underlined by the dominant role of water element and by proper key concept.
This concept is realized through variant poetics and subordinates the work structure, co-operates with the analogical clusters of personification, leit-motif imitations, with the concepts of memory, returning, paradise, hell, etc. The named water concept also assists in forming in the novel of the mosaic mythopoetic paradigm. The concepts of memory, «winged» woman are actualized in the novel.
War novel: the history of development and typology of the genre
Authors: Hrosevych Taras
Published: March 2021

The general regularities and main tendencies of the development of a war novel have been researched in the article, an attempt of its typology and periodization is realized, the most common genre models is identified.
The novel about the Second World War as a leading epic genre, which develops the theme of war in literature, creatively synthesized all the experience gained by the writers and front-line soldiers, became a noticeable artistic phenomenon and widespread genre formation in Western European, American and Slavic writing. It is concluded that the aesthetic and ideological-thematic level of artistic modeling of war reality is localized in different national literatures unevenly and stipulated first of all for the historical and geopolitical scope of the involvement of warring countries in hostilities. For example, in German military romance, is the so-called "Remarkable" novel, as well as a novel with a marked anti-militaristic nature. The main plot of the French war novel is the resistance movement, while the Italian one is fascist domination and occupation actions in the Balkans. Instead, in Britain, which has escaped occupation, military creativity takes a rather modest place. American writing focuses on war as a social phenomenon, armed conflicts in Vietnam.
The polivector artistic search, the richness of types and varieties of war novel (panoramic novel, lyric war novel, anti-fascist novel, soldier novel, war novel-education, war novel with documentary basis, etc.) demonstrates military novel prose of Eastern Slavs. In particular, in the development of the Ukrainian war novel, literary critics distinguish such branches as the war novel, the post-war novel of the first decade, the war novel prose of the "second wave" (etc. pol. 50's - 60's), war novel 70’s-80’s, as well as modern war novels.
Symmetries versus the spectrum of $ J\bar T$-deformed CFTs
Authors: Guica Monica
Published: March 2021

It has been recently shown that classical
J\bar TJT‾
- deformed CFTs possess an infinite-dimensional Witt-Kac-Moody symmetry,
generated by certain field-dependent coordinate and gauge
transformations. On a cylinder, however, the equal spacing of the
descendants’ energies predicted by such a symmetry algebra is
inconsistent with the known finite-size spectrum of
J\bar TJT‾
- deformed CFTs. Also, the associated quantum symmetry generators do not
have a proper action on the Hilbert space. In this article, we resolve
this tension by finding a new set of (classical) conserved charges,
whose action is consistent with semiclassical quantization, and which
are related to the previous symmetry generators by a type of
energy-dependent spectral flow. The previous inconsistency between the
algebra and the spectrum is resolved because the energy operator does
not belong to the spectrally flowed sector.
Local optimization on pure Gaussian state manifolds
Authors: Windt Bennet , Jahn Alexander , Eisert Jens , Hackl Lucas
Published: March 2021

We exploit insights into the geometry of bosonic and fermionic Gaussian states to develop an efficient local optimization algorithm to extremize arbitrary functions on these families of states. The method is based on notions of gradient descent attuned to the local geometry which also allows for the implementation of local constraints. The natural group action of the symplectic and orthogonal group enables us to compute the geometric gradient efficiently. While our parametrization of states is based on covariance matrices and linear complex structures, we provide compact formulas to easily convert from and to other parametrization of Gaussian states, such as wave functions for pure Gaussian states, quasiprobability distributions and Bogoliubov transformations. We review applications ranging from approximating ground states to computing circuit complexity and the entanglement of purification that have both been employed in the context of holography. Finally, we use the presented methods to collect numerical and analytical evidence for the conjecture that Gaussian purifications are sufficient to compute the entanglement of purification of arbitrary mixed Gaussian states.
KÜLTÜREL VARLIKLARA İLİŞKİN ULUSLARARASI İNSANCIL HUKUK KURALLARI KAPSAMINDA, ERMENİSTAN VE AZERBAYCAN ARASINDAKİ ÇATIŞMALARDA ZARAR GÖREN KÜLTÜREL VARLIKLARDAN DOLAYI SORUMLULUK
Authors: ERÇAKICA Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Kültürel varlıklar, insanlık tarihinin başlangıcından günümüze kadar, insanların ve toplumların yaşamlarının maddi ve manevi boyutlarını ortaya koyan, bütün değerlerin izlerini taşıyan miraslar olup insanlığın ortak değerlerini de taşımaktadır. Silahlı çatışmalar sırasında kültürel varlıkları korumayı hedefleyen düzenlemeler de uluslararası insancıl hukukun bir parçasıdır. Bu düzenlemelere bakıldığında, kültürel varlıkların aslında silahlı çatışmalardan zarar görmemesi gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Oysa Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan arasında yaşanan çatışmalar, özellikle Dağlık Karabağ’da birçok kültürel varlığın tahribatıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu varlıklara verilen zararın sorumluluğunun ortaya konulması elzemdir. Çalışmada bu güncel durum ele alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada öncelikle kültürel varlıkların korunmasına ilişkin uluslararası insancıl hukuk kurallarına değinilecektir. Bunun ardından, Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan arasında yaşanan silahlı çatışmalar sırasında kültürel varlıkların zarar gördüğüne ilişkin iddialara yer verilecektir. Hangi süjelerin uluslararası sorumluluğunun gündeme getirilebileceğine ilişkin bir inceleme de yapılacaktır. Bu kapsamda Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin Chiragov ve diğerleri Ermenistan’a karşı kararına değinilirken, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin Al Mahdi kararının da Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan arasındaki çatışmalarda yaşananlar açısından yol gösterici olma durumu tartışılacaktır.
Managerial innovations: Approach to definition and classification
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Sovetkin Yaroslav D.
Published: March 2021

Managerial innovations have become the topic of interest for many scholars, but this concept remains underdeveloped and poorly managed among the academy and business community in Russia. This paper offers the composition of approach to definition and classifi cation of managerial innovations, formed on the basis of exploration of the concept “managerial innovation” evolution, and estimation of the relationship with a more general concept “innovation”. The suggested composition of approach is based on the three-stage bibliographic analysis of scientific literature. In course of the bibliographic research, scientific articles were selected according to the key words, period of publication and citation index. 140 scientific publications were identified and collected for the period from 1975 to 2019 covering citation indexes from 0 to 12 476 by Web of Science citation database and from 4 to 2 185 by Scopus database. On the basis of the conducted bibliographic research, the author introduces his definition of innovation and managerial innovation and explains the connection between them. Within the conducted research different approaches to classification of managerial innovations were studied and on their basis a new approach to classification of managerial innovations was proposed. The findings can be useful for different avenues of further research regarding managerial innovations.
Internationalization of carsharing companies in Europe
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Dyshko Varvara A. , Klochko Olga A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the specifics of the internationalization process of carsharing companies as the largest players in the new sector of a sharing economy. The comparative analysis of the internationalization process of carsharing companies in European countries was conducted from four directions: the intensity of car use, the way to enter foreign markets, internationalization rate, and the choice of locations within a country for doing business. Carsharing companies with B2C and P2P business models pursue various strategies to penetrate foreign markets. B2C companies lead the internationalization process; in most cases they are large European automotive corporations or car rental companies. When entering the same foreign market, companies with a P2P business model cover more cities in a country than B2C firms. Also, over the internationalization period carsharing companies with a B2C business model enter the markets of more countries than P2P companies. The latter primarily enter the markets of neighboring countries, while the former internationalize in the largest markets. The further global expansion of carsharing is determined by several contradicting factors. Before the COVID-19 pandemic began, most scholars had predicted a growing popularity of carsharing services. The use of electric vehicles and automated guided vehicles within the framework of carsharing sparked the main growth impacts. However, the coronavirus pandemic poses a threat to the development of sharing economy. Reinforcement of safety requirements as to minimize personal contacts and consumer interactions along with the aspiration of states to reduce their level of involvement in global processes can lead to the transformation of the process and internationalization strategies.
Orthoepy, orthography and philology (An epigram by Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt In πραвα Russorum quod prava pronuntiant)
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazansky Nikolai N. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article, dedicated to the memory of Lyudmila Verbitskaya, analyses Russian orthoepy at the beginning of 18th century. Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt (1685–1735) known for his scientific expeditions to Siberia, undertaken on the orders of Peter the Great, wrote an epigram based on his interpretation of Russian word [práva]: In πραвα Russorum quod Prava pronuntiant. Epigr subitan. Prava solet Russis data dextra fidesque sonare: Queis est prava, putes fallere posse viros: Promissam didicēre fidem servare Rutheni: Qui pravam jurat, non pejerare potest. The epigram, serving as material for the analysis, shows how he perceived the Russian word [práva] in speech, which testifies to the accentuated pronunciation of those with whom he communicated. Certain details in the text of the epigram reveal the influence of Martial’s poetry (e. g. Mart. IX 11), but at the same time it is possible to reconstruct some contexts from which Messerschmidt deduced probably the meaning of Rus. [práva] as antonym of the Latin prava. The epigram shows that he combined the meaning of three Russian homonyms: adj. f. sg. права(я), adv. право, and substantive право. That is possible only if the o : a non-distinction in the pronunciation (so called akanje) in that time was largely spread in Russia. As there are few records of Russian pronunciation during the period of Peter the Great, Messerchmidt’s epigram can be considered ‘field material'.
Phonetics and orthoepy: Status, object and tasks of two disciplines
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalenchuk Maria L.
Published: March 2021

It is known that two linguistic disciplines — phonetics and orthoepy — coexist on the sound level of the Russian language. The question of the relationship between the status, object and tasks of these sections as independent linguistic disciplines is debatable. In the works of modern scientists, two main approaches to the definition of phonetics and orthoepy can be found. Some linguists traditionally believe that both sections of the science of spoken speech study the same language material, but from different angles. Others attempt to differentiate the areas of responsibility of phonetics and orthoepy, showing that they operate in principle with different sound facts. The article formulates and analyzes these points of view and offers a new approach that allows not to contrast phonetics and orthoepy, but to combine them on the basis of the principle of positional structure. The implementation of a phoneme under the action of an orthoepic regularity is probabilistically predicted by a number of factors of different nature — phonetic, lexical, grammatical, word-forming, graphic and sociolinguistic, which were previously proposed to be called orthoepic positions. These factors do not operate in isolation, but there is a complex hierarchical system of relationships between them. It is possible to provide a description of the sound system of the Russian language, in which pronouncing patterns are divided not into phonetic and orthoepic, but into positional and non-positional. The concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions can either be combined into a single concept of pronouncing positions, or, while preserving the concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions, the former can be considered as a particular manifestation of the latter, which removes the question of differences between phonetics and orthoepy.
About the idiomatic potential of Russian colloquial speech
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bogdanova-Beglarian Natalia V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the description of the idiomatic potential of Russian colloquial speech, revealed on a voluminous corpus material. The observations and conclusions are based on the analysis of the material of two oral corps: Russian everyday speech (“One speech day”, mainly dialogues and polylogies of native speakers) and Russian monologue speech (“Balanced annotated text collection”). Both corps were created at St. Petersburg State University and allow multilevel analysis of both types of oral speech. In a broad sense, all the units that refer to idioms meet the criteria of stability, reproducibility, and also the integrity of the value of a unit, which cannot be reduced to the sum of the values of its components. As the analysis of the corpus material has shown, our speech is rich in such idioms: the maximum number of idioms per fragment of the record is 1.1% (the average share is 0.2–0.3%). For a minute of communication, the speaker (along with his interlocutors) is able to use up to 2 idioms. The article presents the results of the analysis of everyday Russian speech. The main array of idiomatics is not only the units recorded in dictionaries, but also colloquial neoplasms and everything that can be called the idiomatic potential of colloquial speech. A certain systematization of this potential is proposed in the article: (1) modifications (s polotencem napereves); (2) contamination (ni v koej zhizni); (3) occasional formations (golovu zakhlaml’at’ negativami); (4) generalized statements understandable to native speakers, but requiring comments in a foreign-language audience (kak razd l’ablondinok); (5) precedent texts, often modified (ikh jest ’u men’a); (6) speech formulas, or grammatical constructions-collocations (Pravda chto li?! pon’al net?); (7) prepositional-case combinations (forms-idioms) (bez nikakix). The criterion of idiomaticity in most cases can be the possibility of replacing a speech fragment with a unit-identifier.
Regiolect as a continuum
Authors:   Perm State University, Erofeeva Elena V.
Published: March 2021

The problems of norm, orthoepy and variation of pronunciation, including the regional one, were central to the interests of Ludmila Verbitskaya. Regional variation of pronunciation has been systematically studied in St. Petersburg University since the 1970s. However, there still remains a number of controversial issues in the sphere of regional variation of pronunciation (and language in general). The ongoing large-scale restructuring of Russian sociolinguistic system, associated with political and economic processes in society, has led to diminishing the role of classical dialects and their replacement by regiolects understood as regional language variants characterized by common features revealed in urban and rural speech across vast territories. The status of regiolects is still unclear in the sociolinguistic system of the Russian language. The native speakers of a regiolect are people belonging to different social strata, with different social characteristics; consequently, different regiolect speakers can use regiolect fea- tures with distinct frequencies which are often determined by the social parameters of the speakers. Thus, a present-day regiolect can be represented as a continuum that combines the features of a dialect (territorial) and diastratic (social) continua. It is possible to distinguish smaller language variants within the regional continuum, for example, a regiolect variant of the standard language (on the territorial axis), different kinds of sociolects (on the social axis). Hence, while describing such an object, it is essential to apply probabilistic methods used for discretization of а continuum. This issue is exemplified in the article by some phonetic phe- nomena of the Perm regiolect.
Experimental study of the construction o tom, čto as a clausal complement of verbs and nouns in non-standard Russian
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Knyazev Mikhail Yu. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Zarembo Valeria S. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: March 2021

The spread of the complementation construction o tom, čto in non-standard Russian in recent decades has been attested in previous work. It has been established that the construction has a wide distribution and can replace not only ordinary complement clauses introduced by the complementizer čto (so-called čto-clauses), cf. podtverždat’ o tom, čto + p ‘confirm that p’ instead of podtverždat’, čto + p, but also so-called to, čto-clauses (čto-clauses preceded by a demonstrative), including those embedded in prepositional phrases introduced by a preposi- tion other than o, cf. ostanovit’sja o tom, čto + p ‘settle on the fact that p’ instead of ostanovit’sja na tom, čto + p. The construction can also appear as a clausal complement of nouns, cf. podtverždenie o tom, čto + p ‘confirmation that p’ instead of podtverždenie togo, čto + p. The latter uses have been reported to lead to a milder violation, compared to the uses of the con- struction with verbs. The present study tested the latter hypothesis experimentally by using acceptability judgment data. The experiment tested the effect of the subcategorization of the matrix predicate (in standard Russian), i. e., whether it takes a direct object/čto-clause or a prepositional phrase (embedding a to, čto-clause). The findings suggest that there is a contrast in the status of clausal complements of verbs and nouns, specifically, that the latter are not genuine complements as has been earlier suggested in literature.
On some myths concerning the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) school of phonology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Popov Mikhail B.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of some widespread ideas about the theory and history of the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) phonological school, created by one of the founders of phonology Lev Shcherba. In accordance with these ideas, a certain “antimorphematism” and “physicalism” is attributed to the St. Petersburg school, allegedly distinguishing it from the Moscow, Prague and other phonological schools, which does not allow us to consider it in the full sense of the word phonological. The origin and formation of these myths are connected with the peculiarities of the development of Russian phonology in the 20th century and were determined by the competition between the Leningrad and Moscow schools, which became most acute during the phonological discussions in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The main role in the establishment of this mythology belongs to representatives of the Moscow school, Alexander Reformatsky and Mikhail Panov. Based on the analysis of the works of representatives of different schools, the article shows the inconsistency of this mythology and attempts to explain why, despite repeated criticism, such unsubstantiated claims about the St. Petersburg school still remain and continue to be replicated both in textbooks and scientific papers on phonology and the history of linguistics, including recent works. In addition, based on the analysis of the theory and research practice of phonological schools, it is shown that the accusations of “physicalism” and “antimorphematism”, usually addressed to the St. Petersburg school, can be addressed to the Moscow and Prague phonological schools with greater justification.
Metabolic disorders and gut microbiota
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kotrova Anna , Shishkin Alexandr ,   St. Petersburg State University, Lukashenko Maria ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome are metabolic widespread disorders that arise both under the influence of external factors (physical inactivity, high-calorie diet) and under the influence of internal factors. The latter includes the intestinal microbiota which deserves more and more attention in developing new strategies for the correction of metabolic diseases. The discovery of new approaches for the gut microbiota study (metagenomic, metabolomic) gives a new insight into the diversity and involvement of intestinal bacteria in the metabolic processes of the whole organism. This article are reviewed the mechanisms of the gut bacteria impact on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the relationship of bacteria species and their metabolites with tissue insulin sensitivity, body mass index. Special attention in the regulation of tissue insulin sensitivity is paid to the role of short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, which are metabolites of gut bacteria. Understanding the influence of human microbiota and its metabolites on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism provides the basis for the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of socially significant metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome.
Pharmacoresistance in epilepsy and ways for overcoming it (literature review)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Charyyeva Gulshirin , Tibekina Liudmila ,   St. Petersburg State University, Subbotina Olga ,   St. Petersburg State University,   N. P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

Epilepsy is the most taking place disease of the human nervous system. Despite the fact that we are continuously introducing new medicines into therapy of this illness we still are failing to take control over seizures in 1/3 cases. Persisting seizures gain considerable influence on patients’ living standard and within children audience cause delays in person maturity. Given article shows deep analysis of the last years researches which gave background to discover main mechanisms of pharmacoresistance. The issues of pathophysiological features of medicine resistance and reasons of false diagnostics are as well discussed. Authors highlighted few pathologic conditions where applied differential diagnostics allowed to avoid diagnostical mistakes. True definition of the certain seizures features according to the up to date classification makes it possible for clinical staff to prescribe correct anticonvulsant therapy, so far diminishing the risk of pseudo resistance outcome of disease. The article introduces criteria of natural resistance which if being recognized allows to perform dew time surgical treatment and therefore cuts seizures in most of the cases.
Comparative assessment of laser therapy efficiency of chronic generalized periodontitis treatment
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Akimov Vladimir , Fedoskina Anna ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Kuzmina Diana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Vlasova Tatiana ,   National Research Mordovia State University
Published: March 2021

This paper is a result of collaboration between personnel of Saint-Petersburg and Saransk medical universities. The purpose of the investigation was to improve treatment and secondary prevention of chronic generelized periodontitis on the base of pathogenetically substantiated scheme of laser therapy. Cohort prospective study included 98 patients (31 men and 67 women) suffered from chronic generelized periodontitis at the age from 30 to 50 years with disease prescription from 3 to 10 years. All the patients were divided into three groups: standard anti-inflammatory therapy, laser therapy, antioxidant therapy. Efficiency of periodontitis treatment in the groups was estimated by clinical laboratory data, stomatological indices (РМА, SBI, API,) resistance of gingival capillaries; degree of osseous resorption. State of lipid peroxidation (LP) was estimated by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, Fe2+-MDA) and phospholipase А2. It was found that application of laser and metabolic therapy considerably increase efficiency of standard treatment regimen and secondary prevention of chronic periodontitis, that is manifested in significant decrease structural-functional changes and in restoration of paradontium tissues microcirculation.
Role of the oral microbiota in the development of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gavrilova Natalia ,   St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gladyshev Nikita ,   St. Petersburg State University, Kotrova Anna ,   St. Petersburg State University, Morozova Anastasiia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Soprun Lidiia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Volovnikova Victoria ,   St. Petersburg State University, Shishkin Alexandr ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

Dementia and, in particular, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affects millions of people around the world and its prevalence is steadily rising annually. Some risk factors for AD, such as age, cannot be modified, while others could possibly be corrected. In recent years, many studies are tackling the problem of the oral and gut microbiota as a provoking factor for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, but their relationship and specific pathophysiological mechanisms remain understudied. The microbiota of the oral cavity can be of particular importance due to the specificity of microorganisms and their localization, as well as the possibility of provoking neuroinflammation, which requires further study. This review covers the specific features of the oral microbiota, current views on the pathophysiological role of the oral microbiota in the development of AD, as well as the beneficial role of probiotics. The study of this issue can have an important practical application both for the early diagnosis of AD, and for its further treatment.
Medical-biological significance of specific CIC and good perspectives of immune complex disintegration using ultrasonic in laboratory diagnostics of HIV-infection
Authors: Pastushenkov Vladimir , Mitin Yuri ,   S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Semenov Alexander ,   St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Valutite Diana ,   St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Dudnikov Sergey ,   Sevastopol State University, Gabaeva Madina ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov
Published: March 2021

The article contains data, characterizing results variations of specific laboratory HIV-infection diagnostics after ultrasonic exposure directed at biological objects of blood serum. Detailed consideration of biophysical and medical aspects of tissues response on ultrasonic exposure, including immune complexes dissociation, accompanied by antibodies and antigens appearance, previously being in bound state and inaccessible for revealing by laboratory methods was carried out. On the example of HIV-infection good perspectives of ultrasonic application for immune complexes disintegration in laboratory diagnostics is demonstrated.
Influence of reproductively significant autoantibodies on the quality of oocytes, obtained embryos and the chances of implantation in Assisted Reproductive Technologies cycles. Literature review
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Safarian Galina , Gzgzyan Alexandr ,   St. Petersburg State University,   D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Dzhemlikhanova Lyailya ,   St. Petersburg State University,   D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Niauri Darico ,   St. Petersburg State University,   D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Znobishina Alexandra ,   St. Petersburg State University, Borodina Yelena ,   St. Petersburg State University, Nguyen Cong Tuan ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

There is evidence suggesting that autoimmune mechanisms may influence fertility, manifesting as infertility or pregnancy loss. Numerous autoimmune diseases, including but not limited to systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis may be associated with infertility and pregnancy loss through different putative mechanisms. It is notable that fertility may be impaired in the presence of serum autoantibodies regardless of the presence of a clinically overt autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity may affect all stages of fertility via ovarian failure, implantation failure, and pregnancy loss. This review article will illustrate and discuss the available data on the link between chances of achieving pregnancy through Assisted Reproductive Technologies in real clinical setting in the presence of several autoantibodies affecting female reproductive system. Summarizing the available data from the world literature, it can be concluded that necessity exist in development of a reproductively significant antibodies line in application to direct, cross-over and cumulative assessment of the role of autoimmune antibodies carriage in the implementation of reproductive failures,bearing in mind new approaches to the strategy of overcoming autoimmune reproductive failure.
Multivariate modeling of groundwater quality using hybrid evolutionary soft-computing methods in various climatic condition areas of Iran
Authors: Emadi Alireza , Zamanzad-Ghavidel Sarvin , Sobhani Reza , Rashid-Niaghi Ali
Published: March 2021

In the current study, several soft-computing methods including artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), gene expression programming (GEP), and hybrid wavelet theory-GEP (WGEP) are used for modeling the groundwater's electrical conductivity (EC) variable. Hence, the groundwater samples from three sources (deep well, semi-deep well, and aqueducts), located in six basins of Iran (Urmia Lake (UL), Sefid-rud (SR), Karkheh (K), Kavir-Markazi (KM), Gavkhouni (G), and Hamun-e Jaz Murian (HJM)) with various climate conditions, were collected during 2004–2018. The results of the WGEP model with data de-noising showed the best performance in estimating the EC variable, considering all types of groundwater resources with various climatic conditions. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values of the WGEP model were varied from 162.068 to 348.911, 73.802 to 171.376, 29.465 to 351.489, 118.149 to 311.798, 217.667 to 430.730, and 76.253 to 162.992 μScm−1 in the areas of UL, SR, K, KM, G, and HJM basins. The WGEP model's performance (R-values) for deep wells, semi-deep wells, and aqueducts of the areas of the KM basin associated with the arid steppe cold (Bsk) dominant climate classification was the best. Also, the WGEP's extracted mathematical equations could be used for EC estimating in other basins.
Improving economic water productivity to enhance resilience in canal irrigation systems: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali A. , Sikka Alok , Mandave Vidya , Panda R. K. , Gorantiwar Sunil , Ambast Sunil K.
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes scenarios to achieve more crop per drop and irrigation for all in water-scarce irrigation systems, with a particular reference to India. It uses economic water productivity (EWP) and water cost curve for EWP as tools to reallocate irrigation consumptive water use (CWU) and identify economically viable cropping patterns. Assessed in the water-scarce Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India, the method shows that drought-tolerant annual crops such as fruits and/or fodder should be the preferred option in irrigated cropping patterns. Cropping patterns with orchard or fodder as permanent fixtures will provide sustainable income in low rainfall years. Orchards in combination with other crops will increase EWP and value of output in moderate to good rainfall years. Governments should create an enabling environment for conjunctive water use and allocation of CWU to achieve a gradual shift to high-value annual/perennial crops as permanent fixtures in cropping patterns.
Understanding nitrogen transport in the unsaturated zone with fluctuations in groundwater depth
Authors: Bian Jianmin , Wang Qian , Nie Siyu , Wan Hanli , Wu Juanjuan
Published: March 2021

Fluctuations in groundwater depth play an important role and are often overlooked when considering the transport of nitrogen in the unsaturated zone. To evaluate directly the variation of nitrogen transport due to fluctuations in groundwater depth, the prediction model of groundwater depth and nitrogen transport were combined and applied by least squares support vector machine and Hydrus-1D in the western irrigation area of Jilin in China. The calibration and testing results showed the prediction models were reliable. Considering different groundwater depth, the concentration of nitrogen was affected significantly with a groundwater depth of 3.42–1.71 m, while it was not affected with groundwater depth of 5.48–6.47 m. The total leaching loss of nitrogen gradually increased with the continuous decrease of groundwater depth. Furthermore, the limited groundwater depth of 1.7 m was found to reduce the risk of nitrogen pollution. This paper systematically analyzes the relationship between groundwater depth and nitrogen transport to form appropriate agriculture strategies.
On Some Features of the Problem of Solvability of Systems of Boolean Equations
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Leontiev Vladimir , Gordeev Eduard ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to present new results on combinatorial characteristics of systems of Boolean equations, on which such properties of systems as compatibility, solvability, number of solutions and a number of others depend. The research method is the reduction of applied problems to combinatorial models with the subsequent application of classical methods of combinatorics: the method of generating functions, the method of coefficients, methods for obtaining asymptotics, etc. Obtained result. In this paper, we obtain results concerning the solvability of systems of Boolean equations. The complexity of the problem of “ transformation” of an incompatible system into a joint one is analyzed. An approach to solving the problem of separating the minimum number of joint subsystems from an incompatible system is described and justified. The problem is reduced to the problem of finding the minimum covering set. The system compatibility criterion is obtained. Using the method of coefficients, formulas for finding and estimating the number of solutions for parameterizing the problem on the right-hand sides of equations are derived. The maximum of this number is also investigated depending on the parameter. Formulas for the number of solutions for two special cases are obtained: with a restriction on the number of equations and on the size of the problem parameters
Cryptographic Recursive Control of Integrity of Metadata Electronic Documents. Part 3. Application Methodology
Authors:   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko, Tali Dmitry , Finko Oleg ,   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko,   North Caucasus Federal University,   The Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences (RARAN)
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for organizing a cryptographic recursive 2-D control of the integrity of electronic documents metadata based on chain data recording technology. Research methods: the proposed methodology is based on the general principles of constructing a chain data record, which is a dynamic registry, where changes in metadata records are allowed without changing the previously entered information. In this case, the relationship between the metadata records is ensured through the use of a cryptographic hash function. Research result: the analysis of the life cycle of electronic documents processed by automated information systems of electronic document management was carried out, based on the results of which it was concluded that it is necessary to protect metadata by cryptographic methods in order to control their integrity and effectively manage electronic documents. The technique of cryptographic recursive 2-D control of the integrity of metadata of electronic documents, based on the previously proposed by the authors a mathematical model and a set of algorithms, has been developed. General and particular results of its application are described. The practical use of the proposed solutions makes it possible to provide the necessary measures to protect electronic documents in a time-changing environment, in accordance with the requirements for document management. This effect is achieved by bringing the existing metadata structure to the form of a multidimensional model, thereby making it possible to achieve the required level of their security
A educação patrimonial nos museus e o seu processo de avaliação : O caso de estudo da parceria entre a Rede de Museus de Vila Nova de Famalicão e o Projeto "Marka… A Tua Identidade"
Authors: Aguiar Liliana , Teixeira Mariana Jacob
Published: March 2021

To educate means to transform. This process takes place in different contexts - formal, non-formal and informal - and implies another process, the teaching-learning one. Educating in museums involves not only the acquisition of new knowledge and competences, but also the promotion of an attitude change towards Museums and Heritage employing mediation strategies and resources through an active involvement, physical, intellectual and emotional, of subjects with objects and cultural goods, namely in the context of formal education. This study supports that the partnership between the Vila Nova de Famalicão Museum Network and the Camilo Castelo Branco School Group, with the project “Marka… a tua identidade” (“Mark…your identity”) and the theme of Portuguese returning emigrants (“brazilian”) contributed greatly to the teachinglearning process of the targeted students. Following the guidelines of the learning model in museums, Inspiring Learning for All, this partnership promoted personal and educational experiences that enhanced diverse and meaningful learnings.
Museus : boas práticas para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Espel
Published: March 2021

Today's museums assume an increasing dynamism with the society. This new reality requires the continuous process of readjusting its activities. In this context, it is possible to see that the subject of Sustainable Development and Museums is becoming more and more present. However, to recognize, contribute or even know what to do in the face of this new challenge, a set of interdisciplinary actions is needed in the search for models, processes and modes of operation that can contribute to this new paradigm. In the face of this challenge, an initial study is presented that aims to draw attention to the need to measure the real contribution of Museums to Sustainable Development and suggests the continuity of the research with the organization of a methodological process that intends to select indicators to measure the levels of Museums' sustainability and, based on these results, recommends the elaboration of a Good Practices guide for Museums in Portugal.
Apontamentos sobre a formação de Ecomuseus no Brasil
Authors: Valença Vivianne Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the formation of ecomuseums in Brazil, bringing notes and initial perspective of how this conceptual model of museum emerged in the country, how it was thought, discussed and created, and what are the influences and motivations of using the term for the different initiatives surveyed. We carried out a brief mapping of the institutions called ecomuseum, quantitative survey and analyzed the data from the years of creation. The process of formation of ecomuseums in Brazil acquired its own outlines, respecting the elements that identify the Ecomuseum - Territory, heritage and Community creating its different ways of knowing and making ecomuseums. We believe that it is possible to speak of a “Brazilian ecomuseology”.
Reconstruction of Aberrant Left Hepatic Artery in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation – Single Center Experience
Authors:   Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept. of Surgery, Transplant Division, Mihaylov Plamen , Ekser Burcin , Soma Daiki , Lutz Andrew , Fridell Jonathan , Kubal Chandrashekhar A.
Published: March 2021

One of the most feared complications in liver transplantation is hepatic arterial thrombosis (HAT). The incidence of HAT in liver transplantation varies from 1.2% and 8%. One of the risk factors for this complication is anatomical complexity of hepatic arterial system. The focus of this short communication is to show our approach in dealing with aberrant left hepatic artery in settings of liver transplantation. This is a single center experience. Between January 2016 and June 2019, we procured and transplanted 357 adult liver allografts. Of these, there were 34 (9.5%) livers with aberrant left hepatic artery. All of them have been reconstructed on bench table. There was no incidence of HAT in the entire cohort with ALHA. The one-year graft survival for this patient cohort was 93.1%. Our surgical approach resulted in a low incidence of HAT of 1% with excellent graft survival.
Estimation of Asthma Symptom Onset Using Internet Search Queries: Lag-Time Series Analysis
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Zhang Amanda , Ventelou Bruno
Published: March 2021

Background

Asthma affects over 330 million people worldwide. Timing of an asthma event is extremely important and lack of identification of asthma increases the risk of death. A major challenge for health systems is the length of time between symptom onset and care seeking, which could result in delayed treatment initiation and worsening of symptoms.

Objective

This study evaluates the utility of the internet search query data for the identification of the onset of asthma symptoms.

Methods

Pearson correlation coefficients between the time series of hospital admissions and Google searches were computed at lag times from 4 weeks before hospital admission to 4 weeks after hospital admission. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMAX) model with an autoregressive process at lags of 1 and 2 and Google searches at weeks –1 and –2 as exogenous variables were conducted to validate our correlation results.

Results

Google search volume for asthma had the highest correlation at 2 weeks before hospital admission. The ARIMAX model using an autoregressive process showed that the relative searches from Google about asthma were significant at lags 1 (P<.001) and 2 (P=.04).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that internet search queries may provide a real-time signal for asthma events and may be useful to measure the timing of symptom onset.