bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion, retention, and snowpack chemical effects from exhaust emissions at
Concordia Station, Antarctica
Authors: Helmig Detlev , Liptzin Daniel , Hueber Jacques , Savarino Joel
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Continuous measurements of reactive gases in the snowpack and above the snowpack surface were conducted at Concordia Station (Dome C), Antarctica, from December 2012–January 2014. Measured species included ozone, nitrogen oxides, gaseous elemental mercury, and formaldehyde, for study of photochemical reactions, surface exchange, and the seasonal cycles and atmospheric chemistry of these gases. The experiment was installed ~ 1 km from the main station infrastructure inside the station clean air sector and within the station electrical power grid boundary. Air was sampled continuously from three inlets on a 10 m meteorological tower, as well as from two above and four below the surface sampling inlets from within the snowpack. Despite being in the clean air sector, over the course of the 1.2-year study, we observed on the order of 15 occasions when exhaust plumes from the camp, most notably from the power generation system, were transported to the study site. Highly elevated levels of nitrogen oxides (up to 1000 x background) and lowered ozone (down to ~ 50 %), most likely from titration with nitric oxide, were measured in the exhaust plumes. Within 5–15 minutes from observing elevated pollutant levels above the snow, rapidly increasing and long-lasting concentration enhancements were measured in snowpack air. While pollution events typically lasted only a few minutes to an hour above the snow surface, elevated nitrogen oxides levels were observed in the snowpack lasting from a few days to one week. These observations add important new insight to the discussion of if and how snow-photochemical experiments within reach of the power grid of polar research sites are possibly compromised by the snowpack being chemically influenced (contaminated) by gaseous and particulate emissions from the research camp activities. This question is critical for evaluating if snowpack trace chemical measurements from within the camp boundaries are representative for the vast polar ice sheets.
Estructura sectorial del empleo, nivel educativo de la fuerza de trabajo y diferenciales de ingresos laborales en la argentina (1992-2014)
Authors: Salvia Agustín , Robles Ramiro Enrique , Noel Fachal María
Published: October 2018

Algunos estudios sobre los cambios distributivos en la Argentina durante las últimas décadas enfatizan la importancia de la reducción de los premios a la educación en la mejora distributiva. Otros estudios se centran en los cambios en las políticas laborales, y sus efectos sobre las tasas de afiliación a la seguridad social. Menos conocidos son los esfuerzos dedicados a analizar las desigualdades asociadas a la heterogeneidad estructural presente en los mercados laborales periféricos. Retomando esta última perspectiva, se relativizan las diferentes tesis en debate, en particular, el papel de los retornos a la educación vis a vis la desigual inserción sectorial de la fuerza de trabajo. Esta relación se analiza en tres períodos diferentes: a) la etapa de implementación de políticas “ortodoxas” de liberalización económica (1992-1998); b) la fase final y crítica de ese modelo (1998-2003); y c) la etapa dominada por políticas “heterodoxas” orientadas al mercado interno (2003-2014).
Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) aplicadas en cuidados paliativos: revisión de tema
Authors: Alvarez-Tobón Verónica A. , Luna-Gómez Ivan F. , Torres-Silva Ever A. , Higuita-Úsuga Andrea , Rivera-Mejía Paula T.
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Revisar las herramientas utilizadas en las investigaciones de e-salud en cuidados paliativos durante los últimos cinco años Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Bireme sobre el tema de cuidados paliativos, e-salud y costos en los últimos cinco años. Resultados: El uso de las tecnologías de la información es favorable para usuarios que reciben cuidados paliativos, ya que facilita su seguimiento y el manejo de sus síntomas, además de mejorar la comunicación entre profesionales y pacientes, disminuyendo en algunos casos los desplazamientos geográficos y reduciendo los costos asociados a la atención de estos pacientes. Conclusión: la e-salud implementada a través de diferentes herramientas de intervención ha demostrado ser valiosa para los pacientes con enfermedad avanzada en cuidados paliativos, ofreciendo potenciales beneficios educativos y de optimización de recursos y tiempo para pacientes, cuidadores, que les permite mejorar su contacto con profesionales de la salud.
Monetary Policy Behaviour over the Long Run in a Small Open Economy: A Markov-Switching Vector Error-Correction Approach
Authors: Lange Ronald Henry
Published: October 2018

This study identifies a long-run equilibrium relationship among important information variables with stochastic trends for monetary policy in Canada. The variables serve as both target policy variables for the domestic macroeconomy and reaction variables to external economic disturbances. The parameters of the cointegrated vector of information variables are found to be quite stable. A Markov-switching cointegrated VAR model captures two stochastic policy regimes with low- and high-variances. The weighting matrix for the error-correction terms for both inflation and output are found to be relatively stable across regimes, while the monetary policy rate is found to exhibit asymmetric behavior with error-correction adjustment only in the current low-variance regime.
Prediction of prostate cancer by deep learning with multilayer artificial neural network
Authors: Takeuchi Takumi , Hattori-Kato Mami , Okuno Yumiko , Iwai Satoshi , Mikami Koji
Published: October 2018

Introduction: To predict the rate of prostate cancer detection on prostate biopsy more accurately, the performance of deep learning using a multilayer artificial neural network was investigated.

Methods: A total of 334 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before ultrasonography guided transrectal 12-core prostate biopsy were enrolled in the analysis. Twenty-two non-selected variables, as well as selected ones by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis and by stepwise logistic regression analysis, were input into the constructed multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) programs; 232 patients were used as training cases of ANN programs and the remaining 102 patients were for the test to output the probability of prostate cancer existence, accuracy of prostate cancer prediction, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the learned model.

Results: With any prostate cancer objective variable, Lasso and stepwise regression analyses selected 12 and nine explanatory variables, respectively, from 22. Using trained ANNs with multiple hidden layers, the accuracy of predicting any prostate cancer in test samples was about 5–10% higher compared to that with logistic regression analysis (LR). The area under the curves (AUC) with multilayer ANN were significantly larger on inputting variables that were selected by the stepwise LR compared with the AUC with LR. The ANN had a higher net benefit than LR between prostate cancer probability cutoff values of 0.38 and 0.6.

Conclusions: ANN accurately predicted prostate cancer without biopsy marginally better than LR. However, for clinical application, ANN performance may still need improvement.
Starch and Pectin Affect Hardness of Cooked Bananas
Authors: Gafuma Samuel , Mugampoza Diriisa , Byarugaba-Bazirake G. W.
Published: October 2018

Texture is an important quality attribute of fresh and processed foods. In plant foods, texture is closely related with the structural integrity of the primary cell walls and middle lamella that is mainly composed of pectic substances. Bananas mainly contain water, starch, pectin and fibre which influence texture. Cooking bananas soften on cooking but harden on cooling. Despite many studies on retrogradation of starch and its effects on texture, little is known about the effect of added starch and/or breakdown of pectin on hardness of bananas upon cooking and cooling. In this study, the effects of added pectin and starch and structural elimination of pectin on hardness of bananas during cooking and cooling were investigated.

Hydrolysis of pectin resulted in significantly harder bananas during cooking and upon cooling (P<0.05). Hardness of starch-treated bananas increased significantly with increasing starch concentration upon cooking and cooling relative to the control (P<0.05). However, treatment of bananas with added pectin alone resulted in an insignificant increase in hardness relative to the control. Upon cooling, hardness of pectin-treated bananas decreased significantly with increasing pectin concentration (P<0.05). Hardness of cooked bananas treated with a combination of starch and pectin increased but was not significantly different from the control. Upon cooling, hardness of the starch-pectin treated bananas decreased with increasing concentration similar to the effect of pectin when added alone.

Current results showed that starch addition increases hardness of bananas upon cooking and cooling. However, pectin addition decreases hardness of cooked bananas upon cooling while structural elimination of pectin increases hardness upon cooking and cooling. These results imply that pectin contributes to a softer texture of bananas during cooking and cooling whereas starch increases hardness in cooked bananas. Pectin can therefore be added up to 5% to decrease hardness of cooked bananas.
Leiderschapsdilemma’s van burgemeesters in tijden van verandering
Authors: Çelik Saniye , Hopman Nikol
Published: October 2018

Leadership dilemmas of mayors in times of change

A polarizing society, ever-changing politics and an administrative field that is fragmented: that is the present world of Dutch mayors. These three processes have had a profound impact on local government and on the office of mayor. The position of the mayor has become vulnerable and his or her functioning is being put under a magnifying glass, sometimes leading to negative imaging and even a premature departure of mayors. More and sometimes conflicting demands are being imposed on mayors on the basis of their different tasks and responsibilities, as a result of which their positional authority has come under pressure, among other things. Based on discussions with 20 Dutch mayors, the authors of this essay present five central leadership dilemmas for mayors: (1) internal versus external connection; (2) authenticity versus adaptability; (3) involvement versus distance; (4) setting the course versus being of service; and (5) knowledge of content versus process monitoring. Coping with these leadership dilemmas also requires a different set of skills. First, the mayor must be pro-active and have a good antenna for new developments. Secondly, it is essential that he or she not only keeps in mind the short-term perspective, but also the middle-term and the long-term perspective. Thirdly, the mayor is expected to be able to combine hard and soft personality traits: just being nice is not enough.
„Tam zaczyna się mój świat” – Hans Christian Andersen wobec ojczyzny na przykładzie wybranych utworów pisarza z gatunku tzw. pieśni o ojczyźnie (fœdrelandssang)
Authors: Zańko Aldona
Published: October 2018

This article discusses the patriotic themes in the works of the Danish writer Hans
Christian Andersen. These considerations are based on selected “songs about the fatherland”
written by the author discussed in the perspective of the program of the Danish national
Romantic era. Based on the analytical material, the author carries out the reconstruction of
Andersen’s vision of the fatherland, pointing to its multidimensionality dictated by the
historical and literary context. Focusing on lyric poetry, the article also contributes to the
broadening of Andersen’s reception in Poland to include the genres marginalized so far,
giving a more complete picture of the fairy tale writer’s works.
Metallic skeletons as reinforcement
of new composite materials applied
in orthopaedics and dentistry
Authors: Dobrzański L.A. , Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A.D. , Czuba Z.P. , Dobrzański L.B. , Achtelik-Franczak A. , Malara P. , Szindler M. , Kroll L.
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The article concerns the development of completely new groups of composite
materials that can be used to produce functional replacements for damaged bones or teeth.
Design/methodology/approach: A selective laser sintering was used to produce the
reinforcement of those materials from titanium and its Ti6Al4V alloy in the form of skeletons
with pores with adjustable geometric features. The matrix of those materials is either air or
crystallised from the liquid AlSi12 or AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys condition after prior vacuum infiltration
or human osteoblast cells from the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line.
Findings: The porous material may be used for the non-biodegradable scaffold. After
implantation into the body in the form of an implant-scaffold one, it allows the natural
cells of the patient to grow into the pores of the implant, and it fuses with the bone or the
appropriate tissue over time. The essential part of the implant-scaffold is the porous part
inseparably connected with the core of solid materials. Into pores can grow living cells.
Research limitations/implications: Biological-engineering composite materials in
which natural cells were cultured in the pores in the laboratory next are combined as an
artificial material with the natural cells of the patient in his/her body.
Practical implications: The hybrid technologies of the all group of those materials were
obtained and optimised. Numerous structure research was carried out using the most
modern research methods of contemporary materials engineering, and mechanical tests and
biological research involving the cultivation of natural cells were realised.
Originality/value: The results of the research indicate the accuracy of the idea of
implementing a new group of biological-engineering materials and the wide possibilities of
their application in regenerative medicine.
A formação de profissionais de saúde no cuidado às comunidades quilombolas: um relato de experiência
Authors: Pereira Franchi Eliane Patricia Lino , Terra Maria Fernanda , Nascimento-Rocha Josefa Moreira do , Marquezan Rogério Ferreira , Odorizzi Valdir Francisco
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: Relatar a experiência de docentes e discentes de cursos da área da saúde durante as atividades da disciplina optativa “A saúde nos quilombos”. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, a partir da vivência dos docentes da disciplina, durante a realização das atividades de ensino e extensão realizadas em uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo (CRQ) do estado do Tocantins. Resultados: Foram levantadas quatro dimensões: o desconhecimento dos acadêmicos sobre as condições de vida e saúde das populações remanescentes de quilombos; a escassez de material de estudo sobre o tema; as questões étnico-raciais como determinantes de saúde e o interesse dos acadêmicos em construir práticas na comunidade. Conclusão: Este relato demonstra a importância da inserção de conteúdos e atividades de extensão voltadas à saúde de CRQs, para docentes e discentes da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT).
Redes de neurônios
Authors: Almeida Rita M. C. de
Published: October 2018

In the last ten years many scientific advances regarding neurons and the way they are interconnected has mad o it possible to study the dynamics of storage and Processing of information in the brain. In particular, the physicist J. J. Hopfield proposed a formal minimalist model to these neural networks reducing the problem to a particular case of a well – defined physical problem – the spin glass. Although the problem í s well defined, its solution is far from being trivial.Here we introduce the problem, describe Hopfield model, with its achievements and limitations, and present our contribution to the description of information storage in neural networks.
Propriedades eletrônicas de semicondutores, uma pequena introdução
Authors: Guimarães Paulo Sérgio
Published: October 2018

The aim of this text is to present a review of the electronic properties of semiconductor materials devoted mainly to undergraduate physics and related science students interested in contact the microscopic aspects that determine these properties. It will be offered a selection of topics covering most of the core of the subject.
Discussion on marketing strategies for medical facilities under the new environment
Authors: Zheng Yulan
Published: October 2018

Abstract: After entering the 21st century, the economic and scientific and technological levels of China show a tendency of rapid rise. On account of it, medical level is also developing, and the requirements for medical institutes and equipments have become stricter. In recent years, the medical facility market in China is facing a complicated environment, and many traditional medical facilities have been gradually replaced. Medical marketing plays a crucial role in improving the position of Chinese medical facilities in the industry. In the perspective of the current new environment, this study investigated the marketing strategies of Chinese medical facilities, aiming to provide a reference for their positive development in the new environment.
Study on the Detection of Total Colony in Medical and Health Environment Based on ATP Bioluminescence
Authors: Li Zhe
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the application of ATP fluorescence in the detection of colonies in the health environment of hospitals was studied. Firstly, the principle of ATP bioluminescence method was described. Then, ATP bioluminescence and plate count method were used to test the density of the surface of the objects in selected area, taking the time points 2 hours after disinfection as the time nodes. The results showed that the difference between the qualified rate of ATP bioluminescence assay and the plate count method was statistically significant {P<0.01}. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method was highly correlated with bacterial culture method. The correlation coefficient of pass rate of the two methods was 0.782, which indicated that there was a positive correlation between the two test results. Besides, the detection results showed that ATP bioluminescence method had higher sensitivity than plate counting method. Therefore, ATP bioluminescence method was more suitable for the rapid detection of the colony of hospital health environment, and helps the hospital to better manage its environmental hygiene conditions.
Patients Suffer While the Science Establishment Resists Innovative Therapies
Authors: Miller Henry I.
Published: October 2018

Human gene therapy has been up to now of a type that affects only the patient being treated; it has not modified sperm or eggs cells or embryos in a way that would constitute “germ line gene therapy” (GLGT) by creating a heritable change and affecting future generations.  Preclinical research has progressed almost to the point where GLGT interventions will be possible with a reasonable likelihood of success, but such clinical trials are currently prohibited: NIH's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee is not permitted even to consider such proposals, and the FDA cannot use appropriated funds to review such trials.  Such absolute prohibitions are bad for patients and bad public policy.
Innovation Practices in Biopharma, MedTech, and Digital Medicine
Authors: Boni Arthur A
Published: October 2018

Section two applies the principles presented and summarized in Section One to the production side of the healthcare industry, and consists of 7 chapters (or contributed articles). Our focus is on biopharma (the converged pharma and biotech segments), MedTech, and digital medicine. We also include a discussion on areas of convergence of technology, healthcare, and biopharma as the broader industry has begun adoption of a customer-centric business model that incorporates solutions that merge drugs, devices, and digital technology to impact the entire healthcare system.
MEDRAD Innovation Journey - from start-up to Industry Standard: Mountain Climbing, Spelunking, Over the Horizon Home Runs, and creating a “DC-3 Effect”
Authors: Uber Arthur E
Published: October 2018

Medrad was a pioneer and is now a current leader in the medical imaging industry; which, after acquisition is now part of Bayer Radiology. In this case study, we describe the customer, user, and ecosystem centric processes employed by the company to identify underserved, unserved, and as yet unimagined markets to commercialize its technology. The evolution begins at the start-up stage, follows the development and growth stages, and includes the history, philosophy, and principles that created a global leader in med tech innovation. You will see the journey described through several metaphors - “mountain climbing, spelunking, and over the horizon home runs”. We also describe the importance of the “DC-3 effect” which has been used in the aerospace industry to describe the importance of assembling all the right elements, similar to an ecosystem, to build an industry standard platform. Many of the processes employed by Medrad utilized innovation principles before they became well developed and popularized; they sought “blue oceans”, understood disruption, and utilized design thinking principles. The company also adopted the balanced scorecard approach to align corporate vision and goals before the methodology became common in many industries.
Severe sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration and desaturation in patients with decompensated heart failure at high altitude
Authors: Vargas-Ramirez Leslie , Gonzalez-Garcia Mauricio , Franco-Reyes Camilo , Bazurto-Zapata Maria Angelica
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To determine the sleep-disordered breathing in patients with decompensated HF (DHF) at an altitude of 2640m.

Methods: Polysomnogram during the first 48 hours of admission in patients hospitalized for DHF. Sleep apnea (SA) was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5/hour and central sleep apnea (CSA) as central apnea index (CAI) ≥ 50% of the AHI.

Results: Sixteen participants, LVEF 24.2±9.9%. All patients had SA, severe in 12 (75%), CSA in 8 (50%) and 7 (43.8%) presented Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). Out of the eight patients with obstructive SA, five had a central component (CAI ≥ 5/h). The SpO2 decreased during sleep to 80.6±5.5% and in patients with CSR to 77.6±6.9%.

Conclusions: At an altitude of 2640m all patients with DHF presented sleep apnea, most were severe, with CSA and a significant percentage of CSR that was associated with higher oxygen desaturation.
Refinements to captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) care: a selfmedication paradigm
Authors: Neal Webb SJ , Hau J , Schapiro SJ
Published: October 2018

In an effort to enhance welfare, behavioural management continually refines methods of non-human primate (NHP) care. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are one of the most cognitively complex captive NHPs and they have been observed to self-medicate in the wild. The population of captive chimpanzees in the US is aged (due to a breeding moratorium instituted in 1998) and will progressively require more medical care as they get older. To functionally simulate natural self-medication behaviour, provide chimpanzees with the opportunity to voluntarily participate in their own healthcare, and open new avenues of communication between caregivers and chimpanzees, we used a medication choice paradigm that allowed chimpanzees to choose their daily arthritis medication. We provided four arthritic, mobility-impaired chimpanzees with meloxicam or ibuprofen in blue or green Gatorade® to establish associations between the coloured drinks and the effects of the medications. We subsequently gave each chimpanzee a choice between the two medications. Behaviour was recorded using 15-min focal animal observations. Mobility was assessed using interactive mobility tests and a caregiver-rating system. One chimpanzee showed a medication preference (ibuprofen over meloxicam). The chimpanzees exhibited no significant behavioural or mobility differences over time, suggesting that ibuprofen and meloxicam may not differ significantly in their ability to alleviate arthritic symptoms. Whether or not the chimpanzees show a medication preference, the opportunity to make meaningful choices and the functional simulation of a complex behaviour, self-medication, is present when using this medication choice technique. Furthermore, the paradigm itself could have potential applications for additional medication options and treatment regimens.
Événements démographiques chez une population coloniale française dans l’Atlantique : l’île Saint-Pierre (1763–1791) (1816–1822)
Authors: Landry Nicolas
Published: October 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux événements démographiques de l’île Saint-Pierre, rattachée à l’archipel français de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. La période d’étude se déploie en deux segments, soit celui des deux premières occupations (1763–1778, 1783–1791) et celui de la reprise et de l’occupation définitive de la colonie en 1816. Notre cueillette de données englobe les actes des registres paroissiaux que sont les baptêmes, les mariages et les décès. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats d’une analyse quantitative de ces actes. Il en résulte la confirmation de tendances démographiques de l’Ancien Régime, observées par d’autres chercheurs avant nous, comme la fréquence de la mortalité en bas âge et le choix de conjoints en vertu du statut social, mais surtout la prépondérance des décès chez les gens de mer de passage dans la colonie durant la saison de la pêche.
Georges Nestler Tricoche (1859–1938) : un homme de lettres à Terre-Neuve
Authors: Pichette Robert
Published: October 2018

Cet article retrace la vie et la carrière de Georges Nestler Tricoche (1859-1938), Français naturalisé citoyen américain. Journaliste prolifique, Tricoche s’intéressa particulièrement aux Acadiens de la région Atlantique. Ses livres et ses articles démontrent une vive sympathie pour les Acadiens. Devenue veuve, la deuxième et jeune épouse de son père se réfugia auprès de son beau-fils aux États-Unis. À la suite d’un quiproquo frontalier, belle-mère et beau-fils ne purent rentrer aux États-Unis après un voyage au Canada. Ils trouvèrent refuge à Terre-Neuve où Georges mourut. L’auteur plaide pour une reconnaissance des contributions de Tricoche.
OGT binds a conserved C-terminal domain of TET1 to regulate TET1 activity and function in development
Authors: Hrit Joel , Goodrich Leeanne , Li Cheng , Wang Bang-An , Nie Ji , Cui Xiaolong , Martin Elizabeth Allene , Simental Eric , Fernandez Jenna , Liu Monica Yun , Nery Joseph R , Castanon Rosa , Kohli Rahul M , Tretyakova Natalia , He Chuan , Ecker Joseph R , Goll Mary , Panning Barbara
Published: October 2018

TET enzymes convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and higher oxidized derivatives. TETs stably associate with and are post-translationally modified by the nutrient-sensing enzyme OGT, suggesting a connection between metabolism and the epigenome. Here, we show for the first time that modification by OGT enhances TET1 activity in vitro. We identify a TET1 domain that is necessary and sufficient for binding to OGT and report a point mutation that disrupts the TET1-OGT interaction. We show that this interaction is necessary for TET1 to rescue hematopoetic stem cell production in tet mutant zebrafish embryos, suggesting that OGT promotes TET1’s function during development. Finally, we show that disrupting the TET1-OGT interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells changes the abundance of TET2 and 5-methylcytosine, which is accompanied by alterations in gene expression. These results link metabolism and epigenetic control, which may be relevant to the developmental and disease processes regulated by these two enzymes.
Firefly genomes illuminate parallel origins of bioluminescence in beetles
Authors: Fallon Timothy R , Lower Sarah E , Chang Ching-Ho , Bessho-Uehara Manabu , Martin Gavin J , Bewick Adam J , Behringer Megan , Debat Humberto J , Wong Isaac , Day John C , Suvorov Anton , Silva Christian J , Stanger-Hall Kathrin F , Hall David W , Schmitz Robert J , Nelson David R , Lewis Sara M , Shigenobu Shuji , Bybee Seth M , Larracuente Amanda M , Oba Yuichi , Weng Jing-Ke
Published: October 2018

Fireflies and their luminous courtships have inspired centuries of scientific study. Today firefly luciferase is widely used in biotechnology, but the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence within beetles remains unclear. To shed light on this long-standing question, we sequenced the genomes of two firefly species that diverged over 100 million-years-ago: the North AmericanPhotinus pyralisand JapaneseAquatica lateralis.To compare bioluminescent origins, we also sequenced the genome of a related click beetle, the CaribbeanIgnelater luminosus, with bioluminescent biochemistry near-identical to fireflies, but anatomically unique light organs, suggesting the intriguing hypothesis of parallel gains of bioluminescence. Our analyses support independent gains of bioluminescence in fireflies and click beetles, and provide new insights into the genes, chemical defenses, and symbionts that evolved alongside their luminous lifestyle.
Mechanically stimulated ATP release from murine bone cells is regulated by a balance of injury and repair
Authors: Mikolajewicz Nicholas , Zimmermann Elizabeth A , Willie Bettina M , Komarova Svetlana V
Published: October 2018

Bone cells sense and actively adapt to physical perturbations to prevent critical damage. ATP release is among the earliest cellular responses to mechanical stimulation. Mechanical stimulation of a single murine osteoblast led to the release of 70 ± 24 amole ATP, which stimulated calcium responses in neighboring cells. Osteoblasts contained ATP-rich vesicles that were released upon mechanical stimulation. Surprisingly, interventions that promoted vesicular release reduced ATP release, while inhibitors of vesicular release potentiated ATP release. Searching for an alternative ATP release route, we found that mechanical stresses induced reversible cell membrane injury in vitro and in vivo. Ca2+/PLC/PKC-dependent vesicular exocytosis facilitated membrane repair, thereby minimizing cell injury and reducing ATP release. Priming cellular repair machinery prior to mechanical stimulation reduced subsequent membrane injury and ATP release, linking cellular mechanosensitivity to prior mechanical exposure. Thus, our findings position ATP release as an integrated readout of membrane injury and repair.
Pushing the limits of whole genome amplification: successful sequencing of RADseq library from a single microhymenopteran (Chalcidoidea,Trichogramma)
Authors: Cruaud Astrid , Groussier Géraldine , Genson Guenaëlle , Sauné Laure , Polaszek Andrew , Rasplus Jean-Yves
Published: October 2018

A major obstacle to high-throughput genotyping of microhymenoptera is their small size. As species are difficult to discriminate, and because complexes may exist, the sequencing of a pool of specimens is hazardous. Thus, one should be able to sequence pangenomic markers (e.g., RADtags) from a single specimen. To date, whole genome amplification (WGA) prior to library construction is still a necessity as at most 10 ng of DNA can be obtained from single specimens (sometimes less). However, this amount of DNA is not compatible with manufacturer’s requirements for commercial kits. Here we test the accuracy of the GenomiPhi kit V2 onTrichogrammawasps by comparing RAD libraries obtained from the WGA of single specimens (F0 and F1 generation, about1 ng input DNA for the WGA (0.17–2.9 ng)) and a biological amplification of genomic material (the pool of the progeny of the F1 generation). Globally, we found that 99% of the examined loci (up to 48,189 for one of the crosses, 109 bp each) were compatible with the mode of reproduction of the studied model (haplodiploidy) and Mendelian inheritance of alleles. The remaining 1% (0.01% of the analysed nucleotides) could represent WGA bias or other experimental/analytical bias. This study shows that the multiple displacement amplification method on which the GenomiPhi kit relies, could also be of great help for the high-throughput genotyping of microhymenoptera used for biological control, or other organisms from which only a very small amount of DNA can be extracted, such as human disease vectors (e.g.,  sandflies, fleas, ticks etc.).
RELAÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE INTERCULTURA E CURRÍCULO
Authors: Faraco Cristina Machado Oliveira , Valença Vera Lúcia Chacon
Published: October 2018

Este artigo busca refletir sobre o currículo na perspectiva intercultural, tendo em vista superar a abordagem tradicional ainda vigente nas escolas. Partindo da experiência que a pesquisadora vem desenvolvendo como professora da rede estadual de Santa Catarina, apresenta-se como metodologia um estudo histórico e empírico de Garopaba no contexto das relações entre diferentes culturas que, interagindo com os ambientes locais, construíram e ainda constroem a identidade do município. Os resultados levam a inferir sobre a necessidade de revisão do currículo padronizado e universalizado nas escolas, no sentido de educar para conhecimentos científicos acadêmicos de relevância global, mas que também contemple os saberes da comunidade, a complexidade e as particularidades sociais e ambientais da região.
AS TENSÕES NORMATIVAS DA MODERNIDADE
Authors: De Singly François
Published: October 2018

A partir de uma análise das relações familiares a modernidade é interrogada, aqui, em seu conjunto. As tensões e as incertezas das relações educativas atuais podem ser vinculadas às intromissões instáveis de dois registros modernos: um, trata-se da regra imperativa, típica da pré-modernidade, e, outro, da regra negociada e contextualizada, indispensável à individualização. O dilema normativo, hoje, encara assim ambas as regras, a imperativa e a cooperativa. Se a desvalorização da norma imperativa permanece evidente, por outro lado, não consiste em solução desvalorizar também a norma relacional, representando-a como algo que engendra todos os males. Deve-se recusar este falso dilema entre a norma moral ou a norma psicológica, entre o imperativo ou o individualismo, e aprender a manter ambos como partes da regulação das condutas e das relações.
Targeting Cx26 Expression by Sustained Release of Cx26 Antisense from Scaffolds Reduces Inflammation and Improves Wound Healing
Authors: Phillips Anthony R. J. , Chin Jiah Shin , Madden Leigh , Gilmartin Daniel J. , Soon Allyson , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Miles Michelle , O'Neill Shay , Hu Rebecca , Chew Sing Yian , Becker David L.
Published: October 2018

The gap junction protein connexin 26 (Cx26) is expressed at high levels in naturally hyperthickened epidermal layers as well as pathological hyperkeratotic disease states, such as warts, psoriatic plaques, and chronic wound edges. The overexpression of Cx26 is also linked with inflammation, breakdown of the skin barrier function, and perturbed wound healing. Here, a collagen scaffold implanted into a rat excisional skin wound is used. This induces a foreign body type reaction characterized by epidermal thickening with elevated levels of Cx43 and Cx26, increased inflammation, and perturbed healing. This is reminiscent of a chronic skin wound. If the same scaffolds are coated with an antisense molecule specifically targeting Cx26 that has a slow sustained release, this prevents the abnormal upregulation of Cx26 protein at the wound edge. Knocking down Cx26 protein levels below those seen in normal wound healing has no adverse effects on the healing process but instead reduces the epidermal thickening and also the inflammatory response, while at the same time promotes the healing response. Treatment with Cx43/26 antisense may promote healing of chronic wounds. The Cx26 antisense may also be helpful in treating other skin conditions where Cx26 is overexpressed.
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells via Nickel Passivation
Authors: Gong Xiu , Guan Li , Pan Haiping , Sun Qiang , Zhao Xiaojuan , Li Hao , Pan Han , Shen Yan , Shao Yong , Sun Lijie , Cui Zhifang , Ding Liming , Wang Mingkui
Published: October 2018

Today's state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are utilizing polycrystalline perovskite thin films via solution‐processing at low temperature (<150 °C). It is extremely significant to enlarge grain size and passivate trap states for perovskite thin films to achieve high power conversion efficiency. Herein, a strategy for defect passivation of perovskite films via metal ion Ni2+ is for the first time reported. It is found that addition of Ni2+ can significantly generate polyporous PbI2 films due to a different solubility between NiCl2 and PbI2 which benefits penetration of MAI and thus formation of large grain perovskite films eventually. It further demonstrated that Ni2+ ions can effectively passivate PbI3− antisite defects and restrain the generation of Pb0 by interacting with the under‐coordinated halide anions and halide‐rich antisites. Therefore, introducing moderate Ni2+ ions result in a significant increase in photoluminescence lifetime from 285 to 732 ns. Accordingly, a power conversion efficiency of 20.61% can be achieved for the 3% Ni2+ addition‐based PSCs with an enhanced cell stability under ambient conditions. This work provides a promising route toward perovskite films featuring with high crystallinity and low trap‐density.
Highly Luminescent and Stable Si‐Based CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Thin Films Prepared by Glow Discharge Plasma with Real‐Time and In Situ Diagnosis
Authors: Lin Zhenxu , Huang Rui , Zhang Wenxing , Zhang Yi , Song Jie , Li Hongliang , Hou Dejian , Guo Yanqing , Song Chao , Wan Neng , Chu Paul K.
Published: October 2018

Although all‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optoelectronic properties, they tend to have poor stability in air and water, at high temperatures, and under light irradiation. Herein, a glow discharge plasma process incorporating real‐time and in situ diagnosis is designed for efficient encapsulation to improve the stability of CsPbBr3 QD films. An ammonia/silane plasma which has less destructive effects on CsPbBr3 QDs is used in plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition to produce a‐SiNx:H on the CsPbBr3 QDs. The a‐SiNx:H encapsulating layers endow CsPbBr3 QDs with long‐term stability during exposure to air, at a high temperature (205 °C), and in water. In contrast to severe degradation of pure CsPbBr3 QDs under UV illumination, the CsPbBr3 QDs/a‐SiNx:H films show more than 5‐folds increase in photoluminescence intensity after UV illumination for 80 d and long‐term stability is observed after UV illumination for 140 d. The plasma treatment not only stabilizes CsPbBr3 QDs, but enhances photoluminescence efficiency by combining with illumination as well. The nanocomposite films assembled into commercial InGaN chips feature strong cold white emission. Our results reveal a practical way to design and fabricate highly luminescent as well as stable Si‐based CsPbBr3 QD films for future development of optoelectronic devices.
A High Performance and Consolidated Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on 1D/2D Hybrid Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Mahmud Alam , Khan Asif Abdullah , Voss Peter , Das Taylan , Abdel‐Rahman Eihab , Ban Dayan
Published: October 2018

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have manifested their ability over the last decade to deliver sustainable electric power to nano and micro‐electromechanical systems or to make a wireless system network self‐powered by harvesting ambient tiny mechanical energy. Most of the advanced PENGs are based on 1D zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (e.g., nanowires and nanorods) due to their high electromechanical coupling behavior. However, 2D ZnO nanosheets due to their buckling behavior and formation of a self‐formed anionic nanoclay layer contribute to generate direct current type piezoelectric output. Herein, a PENG based on the integration of 1D and 2D ZnO nanostructures on the same substrate is demonstrated for the first time, which is synthesized using a simple, low‐temperature, and low‐cost hydrothermal method. This device has potential to be integrated into the aircraft structural health monitoring (SHM) system to provide required small amount of electrical power to the array of sensors within the system, hence making the SHM system fully wireless.
Structural Optimization of Oxide/Metal/Oxide Transparent Conductors for High‐Performance Low‐Emissivity Heaters
Authors: Li Peng , Li Huapeng , Ma Jiangang , Zhou Yu , Zhang Wei , Cong Lujia , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: October 2018

Oxide/metal/oxide transparent conductors (TCs) have attracted increasing interest in response to demands of explosively developing flexible optoelectronic devices. Fabricating continuous ultrathin metal films on supporting oxides is an unsolved conundrum due to Volmer–Weber growth. Instead of introducing a nucleation inducer, which generally results in inferior optical‐electrical performances, an oxygen plasma treatment‐assisted method is used to prepare Al‐doped ZnO/Ag/Al‐doped ZnO (AZO/Ag/AZO) TCs. Experimental results evidence that increasing surface energy and adhesion of the supporting AZO film allows the formation of a continuous Ag film as thin as 6 nm. The oxygen plasma treatment successfully suppresses the Volmer–Weber and improves the visible transmission, infrared reflectance, and conductivity of the AZO/Ag/AZO TCs. Furthermore, thicknesses of the AZO films in AZO/Ag/AZO TCs are elaborately optimized by using finite‐difference time‐domain method to balance the transmittance and reflectance. The resulting AZO/Ag/AZO TCs are incorporated in low‐emissivity heaters that exhibit high visible transmittance (93.6%@550 nm), high infrared reflectance (67%@1500 nm), low sheet resistance (5.6 Ω □−1), and low operating voltage (5 V). These results offer valuable insight into the role of oxygen plasma treatment in altering the metal growth mode on oxide surfaces, these structural optimization methods can be extended to the development of oxide/metal/oxide‐based electronics.
Kirigami‐Inspired Deformable 3D Structures Conformable to Curved Biological Surface
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Heng , Liu Youdi , Yu Zhongliang , Wei Xiaoding , Hu Youfan
Published: October 2018

By introducing stretchability and/or deformability to planar electronics, devices can conformably attach to 3D curved surfaces with minimal invasiveness, which is of great interest for next‐generation wearables in clinical and biological applications. Here, a feasible route is demonstrated to generate deformable 3D structures as a robust platform to construct electronic systems by utilizing silver nanowires/parylene hybrid films in a way analogous to the art of kirigami. The hybrid films exhibit outstanding electrical conductivity along with decent optical transparency, flexibility, and long‐term stability. These merits enable these films to work as electrodes for electrocardiogram recording with comparable accuracy to a commercial counterpart, and to fabricate a 7‐GHz monopole antenna with good omni‐directionality and a peak gain of 1.35 dBi. More importantly, a general scheme for constructing 3D deformable electronic systems is presented, including unique patterning procedures and rational cut designs inspired by kirigami. As an example, deformable transparent humidity sensors are fabricated to work on elbows and finger joints for sweating monitoring. The strategy demonstrated here for 3D deformable system construction is versatile and holds great promise for future advanced health monitoring at diverse and complex epidermal surfaces.
Modeling of dynamic systems with a variable number of phases in liquid–liquid equilibria
Authors: Ploch Tobias , Glass Moll , Bremen Andreas M. , Hannemann‐Tamás Ralf , Mitsos Alexander
Published: October 2018

Modeling of dynamic systems with a variable number of phases is still a challenge, especially for multiple liquid phases. A common approach from literature derives first‐order Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions of the Gibbs free energy minimization and relaxes these if a phase does not exist. It aims at enabling dynamic simulation in all phase regimes of systems in vapor–liquid equilibrium by following a nonphysical continuous solution. In this work, we demonstrate that this continuous solution is not always possible in liquid–liquid equilibrium problems. The demonstration is done both theoretically and for illustrative examples. To overcome the demonstrated issues, we review the use of negative flash approach that allows negative molar amounts of nonexisting phases and propose a hybrid continuous formulation that explicitly assigns phase variables in the single‐phase regime and solves flash equations otherwise. Various dynamic case studies demonstrate the applicability and limitations of all three approaches. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 571–581, 2019
Review on a novel biosilica source for production of advanced silica‐based materials: Wheat husk
Authors: Terzioğlu Pınar , Yücel Sevil , Kuş Çiğdem
Published: October 2018

The growing cognizance of environmental matters elucidates the increasing attention thought the evaluation of bio‐based by‐products and waste materials in various applications. The agricultural‐based industry results in considerable amounts of residues containing silica. In the past decade, extensive research studies had been executed to evaluate agricultural waste materials such as rice husk and rice straw. The results of the studies point out the possibility of evaluating such wastes to produce silica‐based materials. Wheat husk is such an abundantly available waste obtained from the wheat milling process. It is containing noncrystalline silica, and thus, it can also be evaluated to produce value added materials. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the researches carried out on the properties and utilization of wheat husk as a silica source. The summary and discussion presented in this review would provide knowledge on wheat husk that is convenient to be utilized for the low‐cost and sustainable production of silica‐based materials such as aerogel, metal silicates, zeolite, silica‐based ceramics, and composites.
Development, characterization, and transferability of SSR markers for Vriesea carinata (Bromeliaceae) based on RNA sequencing
Authors: Todeschini Cristina C. , Parizotto José L. B. , Guzman Frank , Zanella Camila M. , Margis Rogério , Goetze Márcia , Paggi Gecele M. , Santana Costa Laís M. , de Aguiar Melo Camila , Hirsch Luiza D. , Bered Fernanda
Published: October 2018

Premise of the Study

Expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were isolated for Vriesea carinata, an endemic bromeliad from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. These SSR loci may be used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of this species and related bromeliads.

Methods and Results

Based on the transcriptome data of V. carinata, 30 primer pairs were designed and selected for initial validation. Of these primer pairs, 16 generated suitable SSR loci in 69 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 13; the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.935, respectively. All loci produced heterologous amplification. Transferability of the loci was tested in 15 species belonging to three Bromeliaceae subfamilies.

Conclusions

The developed EST‐SSR markers revealed polymorphism in the four studied populations and could be useful to investigate the genetic diversity of V. carinata and related species. The markers may also be suitable for novel gene annotation and discovery.