bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite Microgels Created by Complexation between Polyvinyl Alcohol and Graphene Oxide in Compressed Double‐Emulsion Drops
Authors: Choi Ye Hun , Lee Sang Seok , Lee Dong‐Myeong , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: September 2019

Microgels, microparticles made of hydrogels, show fast diffusion kinetics and high reconfigurability while maintaining the advantages of hydrogels, being useful for various applications. Here, presented is a new microfluidic strategy for producing polymer‐graphene oxide (GO) composite microgels without chemical cues or a temperature swing for gelation. As a main component of microgels, polymers that are able to form hydrogen bonds, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are used. In the mixture of PVA and GO, GO is tethered by PVA through hydrogen bonding. When the mixture is rapidly concentrated in the core of double‐emulsion drops by osmotic‐pressure‐driven water pumping, PVA‐tethered GO sheets form a nematic phase with a planar alignment. In addition, the GO sheets are linked by additional hydrogen bonds, leading to a sol–gel transition. Therefore, the PVA–GO composite remains undissolved when it is directly exposed to water by oil‐shell rupture. These composite microgels can be also produced using poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(acrylic acid), instead of PVA. In addition, the microgels can be functionalized by incorporating other polymers in the presence of the hydrogel‐forming polymers. It is shown that the multicomponent microgels made from a mixture of polyacrylamide, PVA, and GO show an excellent adsorption capacity for impurities.
Controllable Points Setting Method for Plan View Pattern Control in Plate Rolling Process
Authors: Ding Jing-Guo , Wang Gui-Qiao , He Yang-Hao-Chen , Kong Ling-Pu , Zhao Zhong
Published: September 2019

Traditional Mizushima automatic plan view pattern control system (MAS) can improve plate rectangular to some extent; as setting curve is not fine, and products yield cannot be further improved, controllable points setting method for plan view pattern control (PVPC) in plate‐rolling process is proposed. Prediction model of head metal flow pattern including broadening coefficient is deduced, Gaussian mixture model is introduced, and three Gaussian curves with different shapes are weighted to obtain functional expression. To study the influence of different controllable points setting and relationship between the elongation coefficients, finite element method is used with different broadening and elongation ratio; simulation results show that different points setting can get similar cut loss length when the broadening ratio equals 1.45, but either the broadening ratio decreases to 1.15 or increases to 1.75, the cut loss with more set points can be decreased to a great extent. Practical application show that comprehensive yield with traditional PVPC is 92.28%, and comprehensive yield is significantly improved to 93.36%, as PVPC with controllable points method is used without reducing the efficiency of production. It creates remarkable economic benefit for enterprises and greatly enhances their competition ability.
Verbundbrückenbau – neue Entwicklungen und Beispiele
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Raichle Jochen , Stempniewski Lena
Published: September 2019

Neben ästhetischen Aspekten sind im Verbundbrückenbau hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich Dauerhaftigkeit, Tragfähigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu beachten, die im Hinblick der steigenden Verkehrsbelastung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen und eine Herausforderung für die Konstruktion darstellen. Vorteilhafte neue Entwicklungen sind häufig durch innovative Hybridlösungen gekennzeichnet, bei denen Stahlgurte durch Beton oder Betonstege durch Stahl ersetzt werden. Maßgebend sind dann die Verbundsicherungen, für die neue Fragestellungen entstehen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt ausgehend von praktischen Beispielen besondere Anwendungen für randnahe Kopfbolzen. Neue Verbundfertigteilträger erlauben eine Optimierung von Herstellung und Bauzeit. Die Anwendung profilierter Trapezstegbleche wird vorgestellt, wodurch zum einen die Querbiegesteifigkeit und zum anderen die Längsschubtragfähigkeit der Verbundfuge zusätzlich zur Anordnung randnaher Kopfbolzen erhöht wird. Für diesen Anwendungsfall wird die bisher bekannte Bemessungsgleichung für eine zweireihige Dübelanordnung erweitert. Die Anwendung randnaher Kopfbolzen ist zudem aktuell an geometrische Randbedingungen geknüpft, deren Einhaltung zu langen und damit schwer realisierbaren Kopfbolzen führt. Es wird ein Bemessungskonzept vorgestellt, das den Nachweis randnaher Kopfbolzen auf Zug und Schub anstelle der konstruktiven Mindestlängen erlaubt.
Experimental comparative study of coupled shear wall systems with steel and reinforced concrete link beams
Authors: Li Guo‐Qiang , Pang Meng‐De , Li Yan‐Wen , Li Liu‐Lian , Sun Fei‐Fei , Sun Jian‐Yun
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to investigate the seismic performance improvement effect of coupled shear wall with steel link beams under cyclic lateral loading. The quasi‐static tests on two 1/3‐scaled specimens, including one coupled shear wall with steel link beams and one coupled shear wall with conventional concrete link beams, were conducted. These two specimens were designed with similar lateral initial stiffness and tested under the same gravity and lateral cyclic loading procedure. The specimen with concrete link beams exhibited sequence shear failures of link beams from top to bottom storey after completing 22 loading cycles. However, the specimen with steel link beams sustained ductile and plump hysteretic behavior under the same loading cycles. The lateral load‐resisting capacity of the specimen with steel link beams is 2.2 times of the specimen with concrete link beams. The experimental results demonstrated great advantages of steel link beams in improving seismic performance of conventional coupled shear wall systems.
Informing sea turtle outreach efforts to maximize effectiveness
Authors: Swindall Jessica E. , Ober Holly K. , Lamont Margaret M. , Carthy Raymond R.
Published: September 2019

Most sea turtle (Cheloniidae) species worldwide are endangered or threatened, with threats causing harm to sea turtles predominantly human‐induced. Thus, prevention of further declines to these imperiled species will require alteration of human behaviors. Regulations, incentives, and environmental education are 3 strategies that could be used to alter human behavior. Our goal was to determine how to maximize effectiveness of one of these strategies—education efforts. We investigated knowledge deficiencies and light pollution behaviors of individuals living in a region with nesting sea turtles, in an effort to determine the best approach to promote sea turtle conservation. During 2014, we mailed a survey to 3,000 property owners in 4 coastal counties in Florida, USA, to achieve 3 objectives: assess what topic areas were misunderstood; discern who had knowledge deficiencies; and determine who had adopted turtle‐friendly lighting practices. The best predictors of knowledge included geographic factors (county, proximity of residences to the beach), demographic characteristics (age), and behaviors (individual's beach visitation rates). One practice that can reduce harm to sea turtles was common: use of window treatments to reduce light pollution. However, other practices harmful to sea turtles were prevalent, including long durations of use of outdoor lighting and use of light bulbs with wavelengths that can disturb sea turtles. Our results suggest that educational efforts could be enhanced by specifically focusing on increasing awareness of the effects of human actions on sea turtles, targeting individuals who visit the beach infrequently and live far from it to foster greater connection with these ecosystems, and publicizing a variety of options that could reduce harm to sea turtles so individuals feel a sense of freedom of choice. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
The Regime and the Creation of an ‘Arte di Stato’
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura
Published: September 2019

This chapter lays the foundations for a structured and cogent analysis of the fields of architecture and the novel, while providing a stand-alone discussion of the central idea of arte di stato. This expression signals the more ‘pluralist’ approach adopted towards the arts by the Fascist regime, compared to coeval totalitarian regimes, in its attempt to create an aesthetic system supporting the dictatorship. The chapter takes as its starting point Mussolini’s 1926 speeches on the question of art and politics, and examines one of the main debates attempting to circumscribe and define the notion of State art during the dictatorship (carried out in the journal Critica fascista between 1926 and 1927), in order to identify its founding principles and analyse its articulations under the regime.
Correlations far from equilibrium in charged strongly coupled fluids subjected to a strong magnetic field
Authors: Cartwright Casey , Kaminski Matthias
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Within a holographic model, we calculate the time evolution of 2-point and 1-point correlation functions (of selected operators) within a charged strongly coupled system of many particles. That system is thermalizing from an anisotropic initial charged state far from equilibrium towards equilibrium while subjected to a constant external magnetic field. One main result is that thermalization times for 2-point functions are significantly (approximately three times) larger than those of 1-point functions. Magnetic field and charge amplify this difference, generally increasing thermalization times. However, there is also a competition of scales between charge density, magnetic field, and initial anisotropy, which leads to an array of qualitative changes on the 2- and 1-point functions. There appears to be a strong effect of the medium on 2-point functions at early times, but approximately none at later times. At strong magnetic fields, an apparently universal thermalization time emerges, at which all 2-point functions appear to thermalize regardless of any other scale in the system. Hence, this time scale is referred to as saturation time scale. As extremality is approached in the purely charged case, 2- and 1-point functions appear to equilibrate at infinitely late time. We also compute 2-point functions of charged operators. Our results can be taken to model thermalization in heavy ion collisions, or thermalization in selected condensed matter systems.
Entanglement of purification and disentanglement in CFTs
Authors: Guo Wu-zhong
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We study the entanglement of purification (EoP) of subsystem A and B in conformal field theories (CFTs) stressing on its relation to unitary operations of disentanglement, if the auxiliary subsystem

$$ \tilde{A} $$

A
˜

adjoins A and

$$ \tilde{A}\tilde{B} $$

A
˜

B
˜

is the complement of AB. We estimate the amount of the disentanglement by using the inequality of Von Neumann entropy as well as the surface/state correspondence. Denote the state that produces the EoP by |ψ〉
M
. We calculate the variance of entanglement entropy of A

$$ \tilde{A} $$

A
˜

in the state

$$ \left|\psi \left(\delta \right)\right\rangle := {e}^{i\delta H}\tilde{A}\tilde{B}{\left|\psi \right\rangle}_M $$

ψ

δ

≔

e
iδH

A
˜

B
˜

ψ

M

. We find a constraint on the state

$$ {\left|\psi \right\rangle}_M\left[{K}_{A\tilde{A},M},{O}_{\tilde{A}}\right]=0 $$

ψ

M

K

A

A
˜

,
M

O

A
˜

=
0

, where

$$ {K}_{A\tilde{A},M} $$

K

A

A
˜

,
M

is the modular Hamiltonian of A

$$ \tilde{A} $$

A
˜

in the state |ψ〉
M
,

$$ {O}_{\tilde{A}}\in \mathcal{R}\left(\tilde{\mathrm{A}}\right) $$

O

A
˜

∈
ℛ

A
˜

is an arbitrary operator. We also study three different states that can be seen as disentangled states. Two of them can produce the holographic EoP result in some limit. But we show that none of they could be a candidate of the state |ψ〉
M
, since the distance between these three states and |ψ〉
M
is very large.
String correlators: recursive expansion, integration-by-parts and scattering equations
Authors: He Song , Teng Fei , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We further elaborate on the general construction proposed in [1], which connects, via tree-level double copy, massless string amplitudes with color-ordered QFT amplitudes that are given by Cachazo-He-Yuan formulas. The current paper serves as a detailed study of the integration-by-parts procedure for any tree-level massless string correlator outlined in the previous letter. We present two new results in the context of heterotic and (compactified) bosonic string theories. First, we find a new recursive expansion of any multitrace mixed correlator in these theories into a logarithmic part corresponding to the CHY integrand for Yang-Mills-scalar amplitudes, plus correlators with the total number of traces and gluons decreased. By iterating the expansion, we systematically reduce string correlators with any number of subcycles to linear combinations of Parke-Taylor factors and similarly for the case with gluons. Based on this, we then derive a CHY formula for the corresponding (DF)2 + YM + ϕ
3 amplitudes. It is the first closed-form result for such multitrace amplitudes and thus greatly extends our result for the single-trace case. As a byproduct, it gives a new CHY formula for all Yang-Mills-scalar amplitudes. We also study consistency checks of the formula such as factorizations on massless poles.
New emerging results in Higgs precision analysis updates 2018 after establishment of third-generation Yukawa couplings
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Lee Jae Sik , Tseng Po-Yan
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We perform global fits of the Higgs boson couplings to all the 7 TeV, 8 TeV, and 13 TeV data available up to the Summer 2018. New measurements at 13 TeV extend to include the Higgs signal strengths exclusively measured in associated Higgs production with top-quark pair and the third-generation Yukawa couplings now have been established. Some important consequences emerge from the global fits. (i) The overall average signal strength of the Higgs boson stands at 2σ above the SM value (μ = 1.10 ± 0.05). (ii) For the first time the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling shows a preference of the positive sign to the negative one. (iii) The negative top-quark Yukawa coupling is completely ruled out unless there exist additional particles running in the H-γ-γ loop with contributions equal to two times the SM top-quark contribution within about 10 %. (iv) The branching ratio for nonstandard decays of the Higgs boson is now below 8.4% at the 95% confidence level.
Investigating face veneer check development in decorative plywood panels: the impact of four common manufacturing factors
Authors: Burnard Michael , Leavengood Scott , Muszyński Lech , Ganio Lisa
Published: September 2019

An optical method based on digital image correlation was used to investigate the impact of four decorative plywood manufacturing factors (core type, veneer type, adhesive type and lathe check orientation) on face veneer checking. The four core types were: combination core, medium density fibreboard, particleboard, and veneer core. The four veneer types were: peeled 0.604 mm, peeled 0.706 mm, sliced 0.508 mm, and sliced 0.564 mm. Both loose-side out and tight-side out lathe check orientations were used. The adhesive systems were urea–formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate, and soy-protein based. 96 treatment combinations with 8 replicates were tested. All specimens were exposed to harsh but realistic drying conditions (approximately 30°C and 26% relative humidity) for 4 h during inspection. Checks were detected on 428 out of a total of 765 specimens (56%). The estimated mean check densities (area of checking per unit area) indicated some unfavourable factor combinations. All factors had some degree of interaction with one another and check development could not be attributed to a single factor examined in this study. The data were fit to a generalized linear mixed model based on Tweedie’s compound Poisson distribution. Confidence intervals were calculated via bootstrapping. The check density estimates produced by this model can be used to cautiously guide manufacturers as they decide on panel components. The broader use of the model is to highlight the complexity of the problem and guide future research in this area.
Arthroscopic lift, drill, fill and fix (LDFF) is an effective treatment option for primary talar osteochondral defects
Authors: Lambers Kaj T. A. , Dahmen Jari , Reilingh Mikel L. , van Bergen Christiaan J. A. , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe the mid-term clinical and radiological results of a novel arthroscopic fixation technique for primary osteochondral defects (OCD) of the talus, named the lift, drill, fill and fix (LDFF) technique.

Methods

Twenty-seven ankles (25 patients) underwent an arthroscopic LDFF procedure for primary fixable talar OCDs. The mean follow-up was 27 months (SD 5). Pre- and post-operative clinical assessments were prospectively performed by measuring the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of pain in/at rest, walking and when running. Additionally, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were used to assess clinical outcome. The patients were radiologically assessed by means of computed tomography (CT) scans pre-operatively and 1 year post-operatively.

Results

The mean NRS during running significantly improved from 7.8 pre-operatively to 2.9 post-operatively (p = 0.006), the NRS during walking from 5.7 to 2.0 (p < 0.001) and the NRS in rest from 2.3 to 1.2 (p = 0.015). The median FAOS at final follow-up was 86 for pain, 63 for other symptoms, 95 for activities of daily living, 70 for sport and 53 for quality of life. A pre- and post-operative score comparison was available for 16 patients, and improved significantly in most subscores. The SF-36 physical component scale significantly improved from 42.9 to 50.1. Of the CT scans at 1 year after surgery, 81% showed a flush subchondral bone plate and 92% of OCDs showed union.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic LDFF of a fixable primary talar OCD results in excellent improvement of clinical outcomes. The radiological follow-up confirms that fusion of the fragment is feasible in 92%. This technique could be regarded as the new gold standard for the orthopedic surgeon comfortable with arthroscopic procedures.

Level of evidence

Prospective case series, therapeutic level IV.
Modeling the influence of time and temperature on the levels of fatty acids in the liver of Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii
Authors: Antonucci Matteo , Belghit Ikram , Truzzi Cristina , Illuminati Silvia , Araujo Pedro
Published: September 2019

Antarctic fish (Trematomus bernacchii) are an ideal group for studying the effect of ocean warming on vital physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation, including changes in the fatty acid composition to higher heat tolerance in the sub-zero waters of the Southern Ocean. Despite the awareness of the impact of ocean warming on marine life, bioclimatic models describing the effect of temperature and time on fatty acid levels in marine species have not been considered yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver fromT. bernacchiiin response to an increase in temperature in the Antarctic region. Changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver fromT. bernacchiiwere observed after varying simultaneously and systematically the temperature and time. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography prior to acclimation (− 1.8 °C) and after acclimation (0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 °C) at different times (1, 5, and 10 days). The observed changes were graphically visualized by expressing the fatty acid concentration in absolute units (mg g−1) as a function of the temperature and time using polynomial models. Major changes in fatty acid composition were observed at day 1 of exposition at all temperatures. At day 5, the fish seem to tolerate the new temperature condition. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were almost constant throughout the various conditions. The concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (in particular 18:1n− 9) decrease at day 1 for all temperatures. In contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (in particular 20:5n− 3 and 22:6n− 3) with increasing temperatures after 1, 5, and 10 days of exposure. The proposed models were in agreement with reported studies on polar and temperate fish, indicating possibly similar adaptation mechanisms for teleost to cope with global warming.
On the dynamics of the human endocrine pancreas and potential consequences for the development of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Skog Oskar , Korsgren Olle
Published: September 2019

Little is known about the human islet life span, and beta-cell neogenesis is generally considered rare in adults. However, based on available data on beta-cell proliferation, calculations can be made suggesting that the dynamics of the endocrine pancreas is considerable even during adulthood, with islet neogenesis and a sustained increase in size of already formed islets. Islet-associated hemorrhages, frequently observed in most mammals including humans, could account for a considerable loss of islet parenchyma balancing the constant beta-cell proliferation. Notably, in subjects with type 1 diabetes, periductal accumulation of leukocytes and fibrosis is frequently observed, findings that are likely to negatively affect islet neogenesis from endocrine progenitor cells present in the periductal area. Impaired neogenesis would disrupt the balance, result in loss of islet mass, and eventually lead to beta-cell deficiency and compromised glucose metabolism, with increased islet workload and blood perfusion of remaining islets. These changes would impose initiation of a vicious circle further increasing the frequency of vascular events and hemorrhages within remaining islets until the patient eventually loses all beta-cells and becomes c-peptide negative.
Influence of two different cement space settings and three different cement types on the fit of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material crowns manufactured using a complete digital workflow
Authors: Dauti Rinet , Lilaj Bledar , Heimel Patrick , Moritz Andreas , Schedle Andreas , Cvikl Barbara
Published: September 2019

Objectives

The study evaluates the influence of two spacer settings and three resin luting materials on the marginal and internal fit of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material crowns manufactured using a complete digital workflow.

Methods

Optical impressions of fifty identical dies were performed using the 3M scanner (software version 5.0.2). Twenty crowns were designed using Ceramill Mind (version 3.4.10.1163), from which ten with spacer setting of 50 μm (G1) and ten with 80 μm (G2). Thirty crowns (spacer setting of 50 μm) were divided into three groups corresponding to the resin materials used as follows: RelyX Unicem (RX), Variolink Esthetic (VLE), and Nexus 3 (NX3). All crowns were milled from Vita Enamic blocks. After micro-CT scanning, absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), internal gap (IG), total cement space volume (TCV), and marginal porosities (VP) were measured.

Results

Significant difference was detected on the VP between the RX and NX3 group (p = 0.033). The mean values of all parameters were the following: AMD (μm): G1 182.6, G2 253.7, RX 210.8, VLE 195.5, NX3 186.6; IG (μm): G1 215.6, G2 173.1, RX 171.1, VLE 198.6, NX3 203; TCV (mm3): G1 22.9, G2 20.49, RX 17.57, VLE 17.49, NX3 20.59; VP (mm3): G1 0.26, G2 0.34, RX 0.32, VLE 0.46, NX3 0.54.

Conclusions

Fit of PICN material crowns was not significantly influenced by increasing the spacer settings and cementation with different resin materials. Additionally, RelyX Unicem showed significantly less porosities as compared with Nexus3.

Clinical relevance

Both 50 μm and 80 μm virtual spacer settings can be suggested for the manufacture of PICN crowns when Ceramill Mind (version 3.4.10.1163) is used. Furthermore, a self-adhesive system can be recommended for the cementation.
Defining response to TNF-inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: the negative impact of anti-TNF cycling and the need for a personalized medicine approach to identify primary non-responders
Authors: Johnson Keith J. , Sanchez Helia N. , Schoenbrunner Nancy
Published: September 2019

Current guidelines recommend treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to reach low disease activity or remission, however, most biologic-naive RA patients fail to reach treatment targets on their first biologic therapy. Approximately 90% of biologic-naive RA patients receive a tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (anti-TNF) as their first biologic treatment, even though several alternative mechanism of action (MOA) therapies are approved as first-line options. After 3 months of therapy, patients may remain on anti-TNF therapy even if they fail to achieve the treatment target, mainly due to formulary structures. This means patients have to endure a second and even a third ineffective anti-TNF—called anti-TNF cycling—before changing MOA. This significantly delays patients from reaching their treatment targets. All anti-TNF drugs target the same molecular and inflammatory pathways; thus, it is not surprising that most patients who are primary non-responders to their initial anti-TNF therapy fail to achieve their treatment targets when cycled through alternative anti-TNFs. This suggests that primary non-responders should be switched to an alternative MOA therapy rather than enduring anti-TNF cycling. Avoiding anti-TNF cycling would prevent disease progression and improve quality of life for RA patients who are primary non-responders to anti-TNFs. The development of a personalized medicine approach to identify primary non-responders to anti-TNFs prior to treatment would allow significantly more patients to reach their treatment target by treating them with alternative MOA therapies as first-line therapies.
Development and Multi-Scale Validation of a Finite Element Football Helmet Model
Authors: Decker William , Baker Alex , Ye Xin , Brown Philip , Stitzel Joel , Gayzik F. Scott
Published: September 2019

Head injury is a growing concern within contact sports, including American football. Computational tools such as finite element (FE) models provide an avenue for researchers to study, and potentially optimize safety tools, such as helmets. The goal of this study was to develop an accurate representative helmet model that could be used in further study of head injury to mitigate the toll of concussions in contact sports. An FE model of a Schutt Air XP Pro football helmet was developed through three major steps: geometry development, material characterization, and model validation. The fully assembled helmet model was fit onto a Hybrid III dummy head–neck model and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head model and validated through a series of 67 representative impacts similar to those experienced by a football player. The kinematic and kinetic response of the model was compared to the response of the physical experiments, which included force, head linear acceleration, head angular velocity, and carriage acceleration. The outputs between the model and the physical tests were quantitatively evaluated using CORelation and Analysis (CORA), amounting to an overall averaged score of 0.76. The model described in this study has been extensively validated and can function as a building block for innovation in player safety.
CO Oxidation on Stepped Rh Surfaces: μm-Scale Versus Nanoscale
Authors: Suchorski Y. , Bespalov I. , Zeininger J. , Raab M. , Datler M. , Winkler P. , Rupprechter G.
Published: September 2019

The catalytic CO oxidation reaction on stepped Rh surfaces in the 10−6 mbar pressure range was studied in situ on individual μm-sized high-Miller-index domains of a polycrystalline Rh foil and on nm-sized facets of a Rh tip, employing photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and field-ion/field-emission microscopy (FIM/FEM), respectively. Such approach permits a direct comparison of the reaction kinetics for crystallographically different regions under identical reaction conditions. The catalytic activity of the different Rh surfaces, particularly their tolerance towards poisoning by CO, was found to be strongly dependent on the density of steps and defects, as well as on the size (µm vs. nm) of the respective catalytically active surface.

Graphic Abstract
In vitro morphogenetic responses from obligatory apomictic Taraxacum belorussicum Val. N. Tikhom seedlings explants
Authors: Gałuszka Adrianna , Gustab Maciej , Tuleja Monika
Published: September 2019

Taraxacum belorussicum Val. N. Tikhom, a poorly known and obligatory apomictic species, is an attractive plant material for studying the embryological, genetic and molecular mechanisms of apomixis. This work aims to obtain an efficient protocol for Taraxacum belorussicum regeneration. Four types of explants (cotyledons, hypocotyls, meristems and roots) that were taken from 2-weeks-old seedlings were used for in vitro cultures, and a fast and efficient protocol of T. belorussicum regeneration was obtained. Various ½ MS-based media containing IAA (5.71 µM), TDZ (4.54 µM) and PSK (100 nM) were chosen to assess the morphogenetic abilities of selected T. belorussicum explants. Studies on the role of PSK were done in three independent experiments, where the most significant factors were always light and darkness. All explants produced callus by the third day of culture and adventitious shoots after 7 days, although in an asynchronous indirect manner, and with different intensities for all explant types. The most preferred medium culture for hypocotyl, cotyledon and meristem explants was ½ MS + TDZ, and ½ MS + IAA + TDZ + PSK for roots which were the only explant sensitive to PSK. A short darkness pretreatment (8 days) in PSK medium was found suitable to enhance organogenesis. Secondary organogenesis was observed for regenerated plants on meristem explants from the ½ MS + IAA + TDZ + PSK medium. A weak somatic embryogenesis was observed for hypocotyl and cotyledon explants from ½ MS + IAA + TDZ and ½ MS + IAA + TDZ + PSK media. Histological and scanning electron microscope images (SEM) of T. belorussicum confirmed indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Plant material treated with aniline blue solution revealed the presence of callose in the cell walls of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. The presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) and heterogenic structure of callus was also verified by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, confirming the high morphogenetic ability of T. belorussicum.
Training zum Umgang mit Unterrichtsstörungen: Effekte auf die Gesundheit von Lehrkräften
Authors: Kunz Heim Doris , Sandmeier Anita , Hänggi Yves , Safi Netkey , Cina Annette
Published: September 2019

Lehrkräfte sind täglich mit Unterrichtsstörungen in unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen und Ausprägungen konfrontiert. Unterrichtsstörungen beeinträchtigen nicht nur das Lernen der Schülerinnen und Schüler, sondern können auch zu einem zentralen Faktor bei der Entstehung von negativen Beanspruchungen bei Lehrpersonen werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Wirkung eines Trainings zum besseren Umgang mit Unterrichtsstörungen (4. bis 6. Schuljahr) auf die wahrgenommene Belastung, die bereichsspezifischen Selbstkognitionen und die negative Beanspruchung von Lehrkräften untersucht. Im Rahmen einer längsschnittlichen Quasi-Experimentalstudie mit einem Pretest und drei Posttests (N Interventionsgruppe = 65,NKontrollgruppe = 53) zeigte sich anhand varianzanalytischer Auswertungen, dass in der Interventionsgruppe die Belastung und die negative Beanspruchung durch Unterrichtsstörungen abnehmen und sich die bereichsspezifischen Selbstkognitionen verbessern.
Human adaptation to biodiversity change: An adaptation process approach applied to a case study from southern India
Authors: Thornton Thomas F. , Puri Rajindra K. , Bhagwat Shonil , Howard Patricia
Published: September 2019

Adaptation to environmental change, including biodiversity change, is both a new imperative in the face of global climate change and the oldest problem in human history. Humans have evolved a wide range of adaptation strategies in response to localised environmental changes, which have contributed strongly to both biological and cultural diversity. The evolving set of locally driven, ‘bottom-up’ responses to environmental change is collectively termed ‘autonomous adaptation,’ while its obverse, ‘planned adaptation,’ refers to ‘top-down’ (from without, e.g. State-driven) responses. After reviewing the dominant vulnerability, risk, and pathway approaches to adaptation, this paper applies an alternative framework for understanding human adaptation processes and responding more robustly to future adaptation needs. Thisadaptation processes-to-pathwaysframework is then deployed to consider human responses to biodiversity change caused by an aggressive ‘invasive’ plant,Lantana camaraL., in several agri-forest communities of southern India. The results show that a variety of adaptation processes are developing to make Lantana less disruptive and more useable—from avoidance through mobility strategies to utilizing the plant for economic diversification. However, there is currently no clear synergy or policy support to connect them to a successful long-term adaptation pathway. These results are evaluated in relation to broader trends in adaptation analysis and governance to suggest ways of improving our understanding and support for human adaptation to biodiversity change at the household, community, and regionallivelisystemlevels, especially in societies highly dependent on local biodiversity for their livelihoods.
On the order of strong starlikeness and the radii of starlikeness for of some close-to-convex functions
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz
Published: September 2019

In this paper we show several sufficient conditions for close-to-convex functions to be strongly starlike of some order. The results continue the line of study from the first author’s paper on the order of strong starlikeness of strongly convex functions, (Nunokawa in Proc Japan Acad Ser A 69(7):234–237, 1993). Also it appears an small improvement of a certain classical results of Ch. Pommerenke. As an application, we also derive estimates for the radii of star-likeness for close-to-convex functions.
Real-world experience with dalbavancin therapy in gram-positive skin and soft tissue infection, bone and joint infection
Authors: Tobudic Selma , Forstner Christina , Burgmann Heinz , Lagler Heimo , Steininger Christoph , Traby Ludwig , Vossen Mathias G. , Winkler Stefan , Thalhammer Florian
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Dalbavancin is a novel lipoglycopeptide with potent activity against several gram-positive pathogens, an excellent safety profile and a long elimination half-life.

Methods

In this case series observed at the University Hospital of Vienna between 2015 and 2017, all adult patients with gram-positive infections who received at least one dosage of dalbavancin were screened (n = 118). A total of 72 patients were included in the final analysis. The number of included patients stratified by the source of infection was: skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) (n = 26), osteomyelitis (n = 20), spondylodiscitis (n = 14), acute septic arthritis (n = 4) and prosthetic joint infection (n = 8).

Results

In 46 patients (64%), clinical cure was detected at the end of dalbavancin therapy without additional antibiotic therapy. Of the 26 patients who received additional antibiotic therapy other than dalbavancin, 15 patients (21%) showed no clinical improvement under dalbavancin therapy, four patients (5%) had side effects (nausea n = 1, exanthema n = 2, hyperglycemia n = 1), and in seven patients (10%) clinical improvement under dalbavancin therapy was detected but antibiotic therapy was de-escalated to an oral drug.

Conclusion

We demonstrated high clinical effectiveness of dalbavancin for acute gram-positive infections primarily acute SSTI, acute septic arthritis, acute osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis. In patients with biofilm-associated infection (chronic infection or joint prosthesis), source control was absolutely necessary for treatment success.
Das neue Pflichtpraktikum an Handelsakademien – Was berichten Schüler/innen über Umsetzung und Kompetenzerwerb?
Authors: Schopf Christiane , Aflenzer Birgit , Glas Manuela
Published: September 2019

Pflichtpraktika sind in den Curricula österreichischer berufsbildender Schulen bereits seit Langem verankert. Eine Ausnahme stellten bisher die kaufmännischen Schulen dar. Mit dem Lehrplan 2014 wurde nun aber auch in diesem Schultyp eine verpflichtende Praxisphase eingeführt, um die Employability der Absolvent/inn/en zu stärken. Mit dieser Innovation sind umfangreiche Erwartungen verbunden. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit diese tatsächlich eingelöst werden können. Erstaunlicherweise sind die Lernprozesse, die sich im Rahmen derartiger Praxisphasen bzw. durch die Verbindung von schulischem und betrieblichem Lernen vollziehen, bisher nur wenig wissenschaftlich erforscht. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es vor diesem Hintergrund, im Rahmen einer Interviewstudie zu untersuchen, wie Handelsakademie-Schüler/innen die derzeitige Umsetzung des Pflichtpraktikums in Bezug auf Vorbereitungs‑, Durchführungs- und Nachbereitungsphase erleben und welche konkreten Beiträge zum eigenen Kompetenzerwerb sie den einzelnen Phasen zuschreiben. Auf Basis der Erkenntnisse werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die gezielte Weiterentwicklung der Konzeption und Implementation des Pflichtpraktikums abgeleitet.
Pedestrian perception-based level-of-service model at signalized intersection crosswalks
Authors: Marisamynathan S. , Vedagiri P.
Published: September 2019

Pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is an important measure of performance in the analysis of existing pedestrian crosswalk conditions. Many researchers have developed PLOS models based on pedestrian delay, turning vehicle effect, etc., using the conventional regression method. However, these factors may not effectively reflect the pedestrians’ perception of safety while crossing the crosswalk. The conventional regression method has failed to estimate accurate PLOS because of the primary assumption of an arbitrary probability distribution and vagueness in the input data. Moreover, PLOS categories in existing studies are based on rigid threshold values and the boundaries that are not well defined. Therefore, it is an important attempt to develop a PLOS model with respect to pedestrian safety, convenience, and efficiency at signalized intersections. For this purpose, a video-graphic and user perception surveys were conducted at selected nine signalized intersections in Mumbai, India. The data such as pedestrian, traffic, and geometric characteristics were extracted, and significant variables were identified using Pearson correlation analysis. A consistent and statistically calibrated PLOS model was developed using fuzzy linear regression analysis. PLOS was categorized into six levels (A–F) based on the predicted user perception score, and threshold values for each level were estimated using the fuzzy c-means clustering technique. The developed PLOS model and threshold values were validated with the field-observed data. Statistical performance tests were conducted and the results provided more accurate and reliable solutions. In conclusion, this study provides a feasible alternative to measure pedestrian perception-based level of service at signalized intersections. The developed PLOS model and threshold values would be useful for planning and designing pedestrian facilities and also in evaluating and improving the existing conditions of pedestrian facilities at signalized intersections.
Surface chemical properties and pore structure of the activated coke and their effects on the denitrification activity of selective catalytic reduction
Authors: Xie Wei , Liang Daming , Li Lanting , Qu Sijian , Tao Wu
Published: September 2019

In order to study the mechanism of selective catalytic reduction of activated coke to remove NO in low-temperature flue gas and provide some theoretical basis for the development of related technologies. The pore size distribution and BET specific surface area of AC were obtain by data analyzing of N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm at − 196 °C and carbon matrix and surface chemistry of virgin activated coke samples were characterized by acid–base titration and XPS. The process of selective catalytic reduction of activated coke (AC) samples with NH3 as reducing agent was studied in a fixed bed reactor at 150 °C. The result shows that pore size distribution or BET specific surface of activated cokes have not correlation with denitrification activity for SCR. The NO reduction activities of the activated cokes are apparent to increase with their surface oxygen element content and total amount of acidic sites. Obviously there is good linear relationship between the NH3 adsorption capacity and activity for SCR with linear correlation coefficient 0.943. It has been presented that adsorption of NH3 on acidic functional groups in the edge of large polycyclic aromatic ring of activated coke is key rate controlling step in the SCR heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Rational over-specification in visually-situated comprehension and production
Authors: Tourtouri Elli N. , Delogu Francesca , Sikos Les , Crocker Matthew W.
Published: September 2019

Contrary to the Gricean maxims of quantity (Grice, in: Cole, Morgan (eds) Syntax and semantics: speech acts, vol III, pp 41–58, Academic Press, New York, 1975), it has been repeatedly shown that speakers often include redundant information in their utterances (over-specifications). Previous research on referential communication has long debated whether this redundancy is the result of speaker-internal or addressee-oriented processes, while it is also unclear whether referential redundancy hinders or facilitates comprehension. We present an information-theoretic explanation for the use of over-specification in visually-situated communication, which quantifies the amount of uncertainty regarding the referent as entropy (Shannon in Bell Syst Tech J 5:10, 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x, 1948). Examining both the comprehension and production of over-specifications, we present evidence that (a) listeners’ processing is facilitated by the use of redundancy as well as by a greater reduction of uncertainty early on in the utterance, and (b) that at least for some speakers, listeners’ processing concerns influence their encoding of over-specifications: Speakers were more likely to use redundant adjectives when these adjectives reduced entropy to a higher degree than adjectives necessary for target identification.
Could the Internet be a safety-net for democracy in crisis?
Authors: Ceccarini Luigi
Published: September 2019

Democratic politics does not meet the expectations of citizens who have gradually become more critical towards representative politics and the political elite that represent them. From these well-known considerations and social evaluation spread among the citizenry, this paper focuses on political representation and the concept of citizenship in the age of the Internet. After discussing the positive and negative aspects of digital disintermediation (and henceneo-intermediation), this study concentrates on the potentialities of the role of the Internet, with its ambiguities, and monitoring of citizens' engagement as a possible safety-net for representative democracies in crisis worldwide.
Wave power extraction from multiple oscillating water columns along a straight coast
Authors: Zheng Siming , Antonini Alessandro , Zhang Yongliang , Greaves Deborah , Miles Jon , Iglesias Gregorio
Published: September 2019

The integration of oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters into a coastal structure (breakwater, jetty, pier, etc.) or, more generally, their installation along the coast is an effective way to increase the accessibility of wave power exploitation. In this paper, a theoretical model is developed based on the linear potential flow theory and eigenfunction matching method to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an array of OWCs installed along a vertical straight coast. The chamber of each OWC consists of a hollow vertical circular cylinder, which is half embedded in the wall. The OWC chambers in the theoretical model may have different sizes, i.e. different values of the radius, wall thickness and submergence. At the top of each chamber, a Wells turbine is installed to extract power. The effects of the Wells turbine together with the air compressibility are taken into account as a linear power take-off system. The hydrodynamic and wave power extraction performance of the multiple coast-integrated OWCs is compared with that of a single offshore/coast-integrated OWC and of multiple offshore OWCs. More specifically, we analyse the role of the incident wave direction, chamber size (i.e. radius, wall thickness and submergence), spacing between OWCs and number of OWCs by means of the present theoretical model. It is shown that wave power extraction from the coast-integrated OWCs for a certain range of wave conditions can be significantly enhanced due to both the constructive array effect and the constructive coast effect.
Ordovician sponges from the Lenoir Limestone, Tennessee: new evidence for a differential sponge distribution along the margins of Laurentia
Authors: Carrera Marcelo G. , Sumrall Colin D.
Published: September 2019

Five genera of anthaspidellid and streptosollenid demosponges are described from the Ordovician Lenoir Limestone near Lenoir City, Loudon County, Tennessee, USA including:Rhopalocoelia regularisRaymond and Okulitch,Rugocoelia loudonensisn. sp.,Psarodictyumsp. (Anthaspidellidae),Allosacus pedunculatusn. sp., andZitelella variansRaymond and Okulitch (Streptosolenidae). These findings confirm the major paleobiogeographic picture for Laurentian sponges (i.e., the differential distribution of sponge faunas along both North American margins), because none of these eastern margin species has been reported from western margin faunas. Only one genus typical of the Great Basin fauna,RugocoeliaJohns, 1994, is reported from Tennessee, but as a new species. Possible explanations are discussed for this differential distribution, mainly related to climatic constraints or sedimentary differences, preventing the free distribution of sponge species between Laurentian continental margins.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/2b990a4c-7bc8-4eb6-b8a9-fe4ecf7bdbf9
Centralities for networks with consumable resources
Authors: Ushijima-Mwesigwa Hayato , Khan Zadid , Chowdhury Mashrur A. , Safro Ilya
Published: September 2019

Identification of influential nodes is an important step in understanding and controlling the dynamics of information, traffic, and spreading processes in networks. As a result, a number of centrality measures have been proposed and used across different application domains. At the heart of many of these measures lies an assumption describing the manner in which traffic (of information, social actors, particles, etc.) flows through the network. For example, some measures only count shortest paths while others consider random walks. This paper considers a spreading process in which a resource necessary for transit is partially consumed along the way while being refilled at special nodes on the network. Examples include fuel consumption of vehicles together with refueling stations, information loss during dissemination with error-correcting nodes, and consumption of ammunition of military troops while moving. We propose generalizations of the well-known measures of betweenness, random-walk betweenness, and Katz centralities to take such a spreading process with consumable resources into account. In order to validate the results, experiments on real-world networks are carried out by developing simulations based on well-known models such as Susceptible-Infected-Recovered and congestion with respect to particle hopping from vehicular flow theory. The simulation-based models are shown to be highly correlated with the proposed centrality measures.

Reproducibility:Our code and experiments are available athttps://github.com/hmwesigwa/soc_centrality