bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twisted complex-variable-function Gaussian model beams with special correlations
Authors: Zhou Yu Jie , Wei Wen Jun , Zhang Hao , Tang Miao Miao , Li He He , Li Xin Zhong
Published: November 2024

We introduce a new class of twisted complex-variable-function Gaussian model (TCVFGM) beams and provide the propagating cross-spectral density (CSD) of optical beams with various correlations. Sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee that the CSD function is physically genuine. We designed an experimental setup to synthesize TCVFGM beams endowed with various correlations using complex transmittance screens. The experimental results of a sinc-correlated TCVFGM source are presented, indicating that the spectral density is present as an array and rotates during propagation. These findings may be useful in beam shaping and particle manipulation.
Time-dependent spin and charge transport in a strain-engineered graphene sheet coupled to a single-molecular magnet
Authors: Javadpour Ayat , Pilehrood Saeid Hessami , Abdollahipour Babak
Published: November 2024

Recent confirmation shows that graphene is the toughest substance on record and can withstand elastic and reversible deformations exceeding 20%. In this article, we focus on the effect of homogeneous axial tension on graphene-based junctions, where a molecular magnet is coupled to a graphene sheet connected to ferromagnetic leads. We demonstrate that a homogeneous longitudinal strain enhances the oscillatory variations in the spin and charge currents at the time, gate, and bias voltages. In particular, we demonstrate that applying strain makes it possible to control the switching time between the minimum and maximum spin and charge currents. These results can be employed in spintronic devices based on graphene to enhance the control of the device features.
Accuracy assessment of offshore wind measurements partially compensated by MCP method considering data availability
Authors: Enoki K , Ishihara T
Published: November 2024

In Japan, most offshore promotion areas for bottom-fixed wind turbines are in near-shore areas, where offshore wind speeds are not uniform. The dual-scanning LiDAR system (DSL), which is a remote-sensing technology, is widely used to measure the mean wind speed, wind direction, and turbulence for resource and site assessments. However, the availability of DSL data tends to be lower than the key performance indicators proposed in the Carbon Trust in Offshore Wind Accelerator project owing to the characteristics of DSL. Missing observed data can be predicted using the measure–correlate–predict (MCP) method, and the uncertainty of the MCP method can be examined using a prediction function. However, a method to evaluate the accuracy of the final dataset comprising observed data and data predicted by the MCP method is yet to be devised. In this study, a set of formulas is proposed to evaluate the accuracy of indices, such as the coefficient of determination, slope, and offset of linear regression, for a partially complemented dataset using the MCP method. The proposed formulas are validated against on-site measurements.
Calibration and implementation of a design tool for drag anchors in clay
Authors: Nielsen S D , Sørensen S P H , Ø Nielsen C , Jensen C L
Published: November 2024

Drag anchors are considered as one of the most applicable anchor solutions for floating offshore wind as they can be used for a wide range of soil conditions. For feasibility studies of floating offshore wind farms different anchor concepts needs to be compared in order to select the most proper anchor solution. To do so, the level of details in the analysis for the various anchor types must be similar. Currently design charts are adopted as a simple design method for drag anchors. However, design charts are developed for specific soil conditions, and do not account for site specific soil conditions. To have similar precision, as analytical solutions for suction anchors, a simple design methodology that can account for site specific soil conditions for drag anchors must be adopted. This paper presents an example for how a simple analytical solution can be calibrated against design charts, which makes it possible to account for site specific soil conditions, resulting in a better basis for comparing early stage drag anchor design to other anchor solutions.
Research on the new control strategy of the three-phase VIENNA rectifier
Authors: Ma Xingrui , Lu Jianning
Published: November 2024

The VIENNA rectifier has long been used in applications such as charging piles, and the theoretical research on its control strategy is enumerated. Compared with other circuit components, the VIENNA rectifier has fewer power components and a higher power factor, so it is applied to more application scenarios. The traditional PI control has a long start-up response time and a high overshoot, while the sliding mode control (SMC) has excellent control performance for nonlinear systems. In my article, the control mode of the VIENNA rectifier is analyzed mathematically, SMC takes controls of the current inner loop, and a new exponential reaching rate is put forward the at first improve the control process. Finally, a complete system simulation model is built to prove the superiority of the VIENNA rectifier based on an optimized SMC control strategy for each control target and the corresponding control strategy. The results show that the control effect is obviously optimized by using this method.
A multi-time scale grid scheduling optimization method considering demand-side resources
Authors: Jiang Chi , Wang Chaoliang , Lu Chunguang , Yan Huajiang
Published: November 2024

This research introduces a pioneering strategy for optimizing power grid scheduling across various time scales, addressing a previously unmet need in the field of energy regulation. Initially, we amassed and categorized tunable resources on the demand side into three distinct temporal categories—long-term, short-term, and immediate—reflecting their respective response attributes. This taxonomy informed the development of a cohesive scheduling framework, encompassing pre-emptive, daily, and instantaneous sub-models, designed to facilitate precise control over grid operations. The deployment of this framework has led to marked enhancements in both the efficiency and dependability of power grid management. The merits of this methodology were exemplified through its application to the IEEE33 network model, showcasing its proficiency in the acquisition of optimized scheduling parameters. This multi-tiered modeling and optimization technique offers an innovative pathway for the dynamic and effective management of smart grids.
A clustering method for charging behaviors of electric vehicle users based on an improved k-means algorithm
Authors: Li Chenggang , Zhang Jiajun , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Jiarui
Published: November 2024

The uncertainty of Electric vehicle users’ (EVUs) charging behaviors affect the power grid safety. Therefore, mining the charging behavior characteristics of EVUs can help the power grid to make optimal operation plans previously to smooth the load curve and improve stability. In this regard, a clustering strategy for EVUs is proposed, using an improved K-means algorithm based on the minimum variance theory(MVT). Additionally, the Monte Carlo algorithm is utilized to obtain the simulation results of EVUs. Finally, a numerical simulation based on actual data in China is established to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed cluster algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed cluster algorithm can accurately extract the characteristics of EVUs’ off-on grid behaviors and obtain the accurate daily charging demand representing the main charging rules among EVUs. The proposed algorithm results in a reduction of 69.2% of solution time compared to the traditional K-means algorithm.
Monitoring of insulator pollution discharge in overhead distribution network based on acoustic emission technology
Authors: Luo Busheng , Luo Zishun , Yang Shihao
Published: November 2024

During the continuous operation of the distribution network, dirt often accumulates on the surface of insulators. Once encountering a humid climate environment, it may cause accidental discharge, leading to the occurrence of flashover pollution accidents. In order to effectively monitor this issue, this study adopted a monitoring method based on acoustic emission technology. This article introduces the discharge process and acoustic emission phenomenon of insulators in overhead distribution networks under pollution conditions. By using emission signal detection devices, acoustic signals generated during insulator discharge are captured. And the wavelet denoising algorithm was used to process its signal, based on which the discharge characteristics of insulator pollution in the overhead distribution network were extracted. The emission amount of insulator pollution in the overhead distribution network was determined according to the set threshold, achieving monitoring of pollution emissions. The results indicate that the proposed method can accurately monitor the discharge of insulators in overhead distribution networks, provide scientific basis for timely maintenance measures, and improve the operational safety and reliability of distribution networks.
Power flow distribution identification via machine learning algorithm and distributed resource clearing method
Authors: Wang Su , Fu Chen , Lan Li , Chen Peng , Guo Mingxing , Tang Mingxi
Published: November 2024

Under the background of dual carbon, a large number of distributed new energy sources are connected to the demand side, which leads to great risks in the operation of the power system. As an effective solution, distributed power transaction still has problems, such as high clearing time, unknown low-voltage distribution network structure, and resource scheduling ignoring user needs. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal regulation method of demand-side resources based on distributed transactions. Based on the historical operation data of the distribution network, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used to study the relationship between node injection power, node voltage, and node-side line power flow. It is also used to check the results of distributed transactions and design a market mechanism for rapid clearing and settlement of distributed transactions. The results of an example show that the identification of power flow distribution in a distribution network based on reinforcement learning can meet the security check requirements of distributed transaction results.
Exact results on the dynamics of the stochastic Floquet-East model*
Authors: De Fazio Cecilia , Garrahan Juan P , Klobas Katja
Published: November 2024

We introduce a stochastic generalisation of the classical deterministic Floquet-East model, a discrete circuit with the same kinetic constraint as the East model of glasses. We prove exactly that, in the limit of long time and large size, this model has a large deviation phase transition between active and inactive dynamical phases. We also compute the finite time and size scaling of general space-time fluctuations, which for the case of inactive regions gives rise to dynamical hydrophobicity. We also discuss how, through the Trotter limit, these exact results also hold for the continuous-time East model, thus proving long-standing observations in kinetically constrained models. Our results here illustrate the applicability of exact tensor network methods for solving problems in many-body stochastic systems.
Lie–Hamilton systems on Riemannian and Lorentzian spaces from conformal transformations and some of their applications
Authors: Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig , Carballal Oscar , Herranz Francisco J
Published: November 2024

We propose a generalization of two classes of Lie–Hamilton systems on the Euclidean plane to two-dimensional curved spaces, leading to novel Lie–Hamilton systems on Riemannian spaces (flat 2-torus, product of hyperbolic lines, sphere and hyperbolic plane), pseudo-Riemannian spaces (anti-de Sitter, de Sitter, and Minkowski spacetimes), as well as to semi-Riemannian spaces (Newtonian or non-relativistic spacetimes). The vector fields, Hamiltonian functions, symplectic form and constants of the motion of the Euclidean classes are recovered by a contraction process. The construction is based on the structure of certain subalgebras of the so-called conformal algebras of the two-dimensional Cayley–Klein spaces. These curved Lie–Hamilton classes allow us to generalize naturally the Riccati, Kummer–Schwarz and Ermakov equations on the Euclidean plane to curved spaces, covering both the Riemannian and Lorentzian possibilities, and where the curvature can be considered as an integrable deformation parameter of the initial Euclidean system.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Cystoseira myrica-mediated green metallic zinc nanoparticles using the algal extract: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Diab Amira S , Alqhtani Haifa A , Bin-Jumah May , Rudayni Hassan A , Elsayed Khaled N M , Al Zoubi Wail , Allam Ahmed A , Abukhadra Mostafa R
Published: November 2024

Cystoseira myrica marine macroalgae (CSR) were used to produce metallic zinc nanoparticle composites by utilizing the phytochemicals naturally found in the algae. This involves homogenizing the residuals of CSR (10 g), zinc nitrate solution (5 M; 100 ml), and methanol liquid extract (100 ml) at 30 °C for 24 h of sonication and stirring, followed by filtration and drying. This resulted in a hybrid bio-composite (Zn/CSR), which demonstrated strong antioxidant and antidiabetic properties when compared to zinc oxide (ZnO) and CSR used separately. The Zn/CSR hybrid showed excellent antioxidant activity against common radicals such as DPPH (91.5 ± 1.66%), nitric oxide (90.4 ± 1.2%), ABTS (92.2 ± 1.9%), and O2
·− (27.8 ± 1.12%) (p < 0.05), performing better than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Regarding its antidiabetic properties, the Zn/CSR composite significantly inhibited key enzymes involved in diabetes, including both commercial enzyme forms (α-amylase (80.3 ± 1.65%), α-glucosidase (96.6 ± 1.11%), amyloglucosidase (95.8 ± 1.3%)) and their crude intestinal forms (α-amylase (72.3 ± 1.5%), α-glucosidase (94.2 ± 1.7%)) (p < 0.05). This improvement increases the impact of the green CSR extract in reducing the agglomeration behaviors of the loaded metal and the formation of a capping layer from the phytochemicals on its surface, in addition to the beneficial effects of the CSR as substrate, which enhances the biological functions of the loaded metal and its interaction interfaces. The Zn/CSR composite also outperformed commercial miglitol drugs and slightly surpassed acarbose in effectiveness. Given the high cost and potential side effects of current medications, the Zn/CSR composite could be a cost-effective alternative for antioxidant and antidiabetic treatments. These findings also emphasize the role of CSR-derived phytochemicals and algae residues in enhancing the biological activity of the metal nanoparticles.
Investigation of the microstructure, electrical and mechanical properties of Al-CNTs-B4C composite prepared by double-step stir casting for power transmission conductor
Authors: Malobi Uchenna Ifeanyi , Ezema Ikechukwu Ike-Eze C , Ujah Chika Oliver
Published: November 2024

Monolithic aluminium alloy is a modern engineering material that is in high demand owing to its excellent performance and versatility. It has a high electrical conductivity, low density, high strength- to- weight ratio, and high resistance to corrosion. However, it lacks adequate resistance to creep, fatigue, stable microstructure, and strength at elevated temperatures. To overcome these deficiencies, aluminium matrix composites are developed. This work focuses on an experimental investigation of the microstructure, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity of Al-CNTs-B4C composite consolidated by a double-step stir casting technique. An x-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, and a field-emission scanning electron microscope fitted with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the start-up powders and the cast samples. A Brinell tester was used to measure the microhardness of the cast samples. A four-point probe meter was used to determine the electrical conductivity. The microstructural results revealed formation of Al4C3 and Al3BC intermetallics, B4C phase and amorphous carbon precipitate. Marginally improved electrical conductivity of 33.33 × 107 S m−1 (65.1% IACS) was obtained with Al-5CNTs-15B4C, together with high microhardness of 725.72 MPa. The microhardness improved by 94.7% over monolithic pure Al. The double-step stir casting enhanced the homogenous dispersion of the reinforcements. The improvements in the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity were attributed to the synergy between B4C and CNTs which induced Orowan looping, load transfer effect, plastic deformation and dislocation pinning in the composite. It is recommended that this composite will perform creditably in power transmission.
Enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO utilizing luminescent Y2O3 particles
Authors: Gültekin Serdar , Birlik Isil , Oguzlar Sibel , Ertekin Kadriye
Published: November 2024

This study explored the superior photocatalytic performance of the nanoscale zinc oxide-yttrium oxide (ZnO-Y2O3) based composite over ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). We investigated this by following the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB). The sol–gel synthesized Y2O3 and ZnO NPs were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The spectral behaviour and photocatalytic efficiency of the proposed composite were investigated by UV–vis spectrophotometry, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements, respectively. The results indicated the successful formation of Y2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles with desirable structural properties. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the MB solution was evaluated for different concentrations of the counterparts of the ZnO-Y2O3 composite. In particular, the ZnO-5Y2O3-based composite showed superior photocatalytic activity after 150 min of UV irradiation, achieving 98.4% degradation of the MB solution compared to the 77% degradation achieved by pure ZnO. Although Y2O3 alone does not exhibit photocatalytic activity, its combination with ZnO significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of ZnO. This improvement was attributed to the luminescence properties of Y2O3. By elucidating this unique mechanism, the performance of photocatalytic materials can be significantly enhanced. In our study, the improvement of the photodegradation rate constant (kapp) of ZnO from 0.009 min−1 to 0.0242 min−1 demonstrated the promising photocatalytic efficiency of the ZnO-5Y2O3 based composite, opening up exciting possibilities for further applications in environmental remediation and other fields.
Assessing the fiscal implications of flood disasters in India: insights for general and special category states
Authors: Mohanty Ranjan Kumar , Behera Deepak Kumar , Agarwal Priti , Sahoo Dibakar , Parida Yashobanta
Published: November 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the fiscal consequences arising from flood disasters in India, with a specific focus on the challenges encountered by General Category States (GCS) and Special Category States (SCS). Recognizing India’s vulnerability to floods due to its diverse geographical and climatic landscape, the research emphasizes the need for a coordinated disaster response framework involving both central and state governments. Utilizing a panel vector autoregression (VAR) methodology alongside impulse response functions (IRFs), the study finds that flood disasters significantly impact fiscal variables over a medium-term horizon of 3–5 years. Our findings indicate that fiscal deficits widen for up to three years post-disaster, while expenditures on flood control surge in the following years. Notably, SCS face a disproportionate fiscal strain, exacerbated by their geographical disadvantages and heightened susceptibility to disasters, leading to a decline in non-tax revenue after flood shocks. The study advocates for tailored fiscal policies that enhance the resilience and recovery capacity of both GCS and SCS in addressing flood-induced fiscal challenges.
Evaluating process parameters of SLS part of polyamide-12 recycled powder using RSM
Authors: Rahman Irfan Ur , Ab Wahab Norfariza Binti , Raja Abdullah Raja Izamshah Bin , Rosley Mohd Idain Fahmy Bin , Abu Zaki Muhammad Syafiq Syazwan , Taib Mohd Taufik
Published: November 2024

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a highly flexible rapid prototyping (RP) technology which can use a wide range of powdered materials to generate high quality complex geometries directly from digital models. The SLS process uses a laser to sinter selected areas of powdered materials to produce solid objects layer by layer, according to the 2D data obtained from CT scan or MRI imaging techniques. This paper presents research work for evaluating the effect of process parameters on impact toughness and surface roughness of the part manufactured on Farsoon SS402P SLS from recycled ageing FS 3300PA which is PA-12 based powder and standard operating parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design of experiments. Impact tests have been performed as per the ASTM D6110 standard using recommendations from ISO 179-2. According to the results, effect of process parameters are successfully analyzed by employing impact toughness and surface roughness tests. Based on the results of the ANOVA analysis, impact toughness increases with increasing laser power (4.467 J cm−2 at 72.5 watts). Similarly, it is also clear from the results that the region with the lowest laser power, high layer thickness, and 90-degree orientation had the lowest surface roughness (3.46 μm).
Intracapillary monoclonal IgM deposits disease with massive pseudothrombi: A clinicopathologic study of 4 cases and literature review
Authors: Ma Lei , Liang Dandan , Yao Xinchen , Yang Xiaoqing , Li Suhua , Adelibieke Yelixiati· , Xu Feng , Liang Shaoshan , Chen Dacheng , Yang Fan , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Yujie , Jia Ruoyu , Zeng Caihong
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Intracapillary monoclonal IgM deposits disease (ICMDD) has long been considered a hallmark of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) nephropathy. Intracapillary immunoglobulin thrombi are the characteristic features of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Here, we reported 4 cases of ICMDD with massive pseudothrombi but without WM or cryoglobulinemia.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathologic features of patients diagnosed with ICMDD with massive pseudothrombi.

Results

A total of 4 patients (2 men and 2 women) aged 62 to 73 years were enrolled in this study. Microscopic hematuria, edema, and renal insufficiency were present in all patients, along with low serum C3 and C4 in 2 patients. Hematologic examination showed abnormal serum free light chain ratios in all patients and high levels of serum IgM in 3 patients. IgM-κ monoclonal band was identified by serum immunofixation electrophoresis in 3 patients. One patient was diagnosed with small B-cell lymphoma by bone marrow aspiration. Renal biopsy specimen showed massive periodic acid-Schiff–positive hyaline thrombi in the glomerular capillary lumens and also less mesangial, subendothelial, and subepithelial deposits on light microscopy. Immunofluorescence indicated positive staining for IgM (++) and κ light chain staining in the glomerular capillary lumens, capillary walls, and mesangium in all patients. By electron microscopy, the glomerular capillary lumens were filled with homogeneous high-electron-dense deposits without substructure. Two patients were treated with prednisone combined with cyclophosphamide, and 2 received plasma cell–targeted chemotherapy. One patient achieved partial renal remission.

Conclusions

Intracapillary monoclonal IgM deposits disease is a rare disease and not always related to WM. Most patients have IgM monoclonal immunoglobulinemia; renal biopsy specimens mainly show a large number of pseudothrombi in the glomerular capillary lumens. Cyclophosphamide is effective in some patients.
English language and employability in locally produced ELT textbooks: Clashes between neoliberal ideals and social class structures in the pedagogical space
Authors: Ali M Maksud , Hamid M Obaidul
Published: November 2024

While a growing body of literature has illustrated how neoliberal discourses of English and employment have come to shape English language teaching (ELT) textbooks in a globalized world, little is known about how the translation of these discourses into pedagogical practices is mediated by the social class structures in postcolonial societies. In this article, we draw on a larger qualitative case study to address this gap in the Bangladesh secondary schooling context. We utilize Bourdieu’s conceptual resources and analyze interview and classroom observation data to illustrate how discourses of English and employment introduced into the secondary education-level ELT textbook are enacted in a high socio-economic status school. As our findings illustrate, the students from this school rejected how English was linked to low-profile jobs in the textbook, as this representation contradicted their social class and career aspirations. These findings contribute to the political economy in applied linguistics literature by illustrating how the enactment of the neoliberal discourses of English and employment constructed in the locally produced ELT textbooks is mediated by social class.
The Gliding Brow Lift: An Analysis of Outcomes and Maintenance of Lift in a Single Surgeon's Practice
Authors: Orra Susan , Bald Madeline , Wagner Grant , Grotting James C
Published: November 2024

Background

Efforts in brow lifting longevity, desire for minimally invasive procedures, patient individualization, and minimization of complications led to the development of the gliding brow lift (GBL). The GBL has proven to be a successful, minimally invasive technique targeting brow elevation in combination with the hemostatic net.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate maintenance of cutaneous brow elevation with the GBL technique at specific postoperative time points.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of 63 patients (59 females, 4 males) who underwent a GBL by J.C.G. between 2019 and 2022 for comorbidities, maintenance of brow lift, and incidence of complications at 4 postoperative time points: 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed at 4 anatomic locations: the supraorbital rim, lateral canthus, midpupil, and medial canthus.

Results

The cohort consisted of 59 female-only patients; male patients were excluded due to small sample size. The average age was 62.8 years old (SD ±7.01) and the mean BMI was 24. Only 1 patient required return to the operating room for hematoma evacuation; this was a result of a concomitant rhytidectomy and did not involve the brow. All locations maintained a statistically significant lift (P < .01). The most significant lift was at the lateral canthus (3.09 mm) and tail of the brow (2.74 mm) at 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions

The GBL is a successful innovation in aesthetic brow surgery. Depending on patient needs, it is an excellent choice for selective and long-term elevation of the lateral brow.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
GGN-GO: geometric graph networks for predicting protein function by multi-scale structure features
Authors: Mi Jia , Wang Han , Li Jing , Sun Jinghong , Li Chang , Wan Jing , Zeng Yuan , Gao Jingyang
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have led to an explosion of genomic and transcriptomic data, offering a wealth of protein sequence information. However, the functions of most proteins remain unannotated. Traditional experimental methods for annotation of protein functions are costly and time-consuming. Current deep learning methods typically rely on Graph Convolutional Networks to propagate features between protein residues. However, these methods fail to capture fine atomic-level geometric structural features and cannot directly compute or propagate structural features (such as distances, directions, and angles) when transmitting features, often simplifying them to scalars. Additionally, difficulties in capturing long-range dependencies limit the model’s ability to identify key nodes (residues). To address these challenges, we propose a geometric graph network (GGN-GO) for predicting protein function that enriches feature extraction by capturing multi-scale geometric structural features at the atomic and residue levels. We use a geometric vector perceptron to convert these features into vector representations and aggregate them with node features for better understanding and propagation in the network. Moreover, we introduce a graph attention pooling layer captures key node information by adaptively aggregating local functional motifs, while contrastive learning enhances graph representation discriminability through random noise and different views. The experimental results show that GGN-GO outperforms six comparative methods in tasks with the most labels for both experimentally validated and predicted protein structures. Furthermore, GGN-GO identifies functional residues corresponding to those experimentally confirmed, showcasing its interpretability and the ability to pinpoint key protein regions. The code and data are available at: https://github.com/MiJia-ID/GGN-GO
DEWNA: dynamic entropy weight network analysis and its application to the DNA-binding proteome in A549 cells with cisplatin-induced damage
Authors: Wang Shisheng , Zeng Wenjuan , Yang Yin , Cheng Jingqiu , Liu Dan , Yang Hao
Published: November 2024

Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs for treating solid tumors. As a genotoxic agent, cisplatin binds to DNA and forms platinum-DNA adducts that cause DNA damage and activate a series of signaling pathways mediated by various DNA-binding proteins (DBPs), ultimately leading to cell death. Therefore, DBPs play crucial roles in the cellular response to cisplatin and in determining cell fate. However, systematic studies of DBPs responding to cisplatin damage and their temporal dynamics are still lacking. To address this, we developed a novel and user-friendly stand-alone software, DEWNA, designed for dynamic entropy weight network analysis to reveal the dynamic changes of DBPs and their functions. DEWNA utilizes the entropy weight method, multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis and generalized reporter score-based analysis to process time-course proteome expression data, helping scientists identify protein hubs and pathway entropy profiles during disease progression. We applied DEWNA to a dataset of DBPs from A549 cells responding to cisplatin-induced damage across 8 time points, with data generated by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). The results demonstrate that DEWNA can effectively identify protein hubs and associated pathways that are significantly altered in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage, and offer a comprehensive view of how different pathways interact and respond dynamically over time to cisplatin treatment. Notably, we observed the dynamic activation of distinct DNA repair pathways and cell death mechanisms during the drug treatment time course, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response to DNA damage.
Inhibition of phospholipase D1 reduces pancreatic carcinogenesis in mice partly through a FAK-dependent mechanism
Authors: Addassi Hala A , Krga Irena , Villarreal Fernando , LaComb Joseph F , Frohman Michael A , Matsukuma Karen , Mackenzie Gerardo G
Published: November 2024

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of PLD1, one of two classical isoforms of PLD, in pancreatic carcinogenesis in vivo. The role of PLD1 in tumor growth was evaluated by subcutaneously transplanting human MIA PaCa-2 cells expressing endogenous PLD1 levels (Ctr KD cells) or cells in which PLD1 was knocked down (Pld1 KD cells) into immunodeficient mice. Twenty days post-implantation, tumors that arose from Pld1-KD cells were significantly smaller, compared to controls (Ctr KD). Then, we assessed the role of PLD1 in the tumor microenvironment, by subcutaneously implanting mouse LSL-KrasG12D/+;Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) cells into wild-type or PLD1 knockout (Pld1−/−) mice. Compared to wild type, tumor growth was attenuated in Pld1−/− mice by 39%, whereas treatment of Pld1−/− mice with gemcitabine reduced tumor growth by 79%. When PLD1 was ablated in LSL-KrasG12D;Ptf1Cre/+ (KC) mice, no reduction in acinar cell loss was observed, compared to KC mice. Finally, treatment of KC mice with a small molecule inhibitor of PLD1 and PLD2 (FIPI) significantly reduced acinar cell loss and cell proliferation, compared to vehicle-treated mice. Mechanistically, the effect of PLD on tumor growth is mediated, partly, by the focal adhesion kinase pathway. In conclusion, while PLD1 is a critical regulator of pancreatic xenograft and allograft growth, playing an important role at the tumor and at the microenvironment levels, the inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 is necessary to reduce pancreatic carcinogenesis in KC mice and might represent a novel therapeutic target.
Impact of Histological Remission for Predicting Clinical Relapse in Crohn’s Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Prospective STORI Cohort
Authors: Reenaers Catherine , Enea Diana , Nachury Marie , Laharie David , Bouhnik Yoram , Fumery Mathurin , Gornet Jean-Marc , Amiot Aurélien , Altwegg Romain , de Vos Martine , Marteau Philippe , Bourreille Arnaud , Nancey Stéphane , Viennot Stéphanie , Louis Edouard , Svrcek Magali
Published: November 2024

Background and aims

Achieving deep remission, encompassing clinical, endoscopic, and biological remission, is the goal in managing Crohn’s disease (CD). The role of histological remission (HR) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of histological inflammation on clinical relapse risk in CD and explore the relationship between histology, endoscopic scores, and biomarkers.

Methods

Patients from the prospective STORI (Stable Remission on Combined Therapy with Immunosuppressors) cohort underwent ileocolonoscopy with Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity calculation and 2 biopsies from the most inflamed or previously inflamed areas. Histological scores (Robarts, Geboes, modified Geboes, Nancy, and IBD-DCA) were determined by 2 independent pathologists in a central reading process. Histological remission was defined by specific score thresholds. Clinical relapse, defined by Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) > 250 or a CDAI increase of 70 points over 2 weeks, was monitored for at least 1 year.

Results

Out of 115 patients included in STORI, 160 biopsies (44 ileal and 116 colonic) from 76 patients were analyzed. Histological remission rates were 46% (Nancy), 55% (Robarts), 61% (Geboes), and 41% (IBD-DCA). During follow-up, 35 patients (46%) experienced a clinical relapse: 37% with HR and 56% without, based on the Nancy score. Among the mucosal healing subgroup (45 patients), 34% with HR, and 44% without relapsed (p = 0.18). Histological scores did not predict clinical relapse. Only fecal calprotectin was a significant predictor in multivariate analysis (p = 0.029).

Conclusions

Despite correlations with endoscopy and biomarkers, histological scores did not predict clinical relapse in CD patients in remission. Thus, these scores are not recommended for clinical practice to assess relapse risk in CD.
Electrophysiological tolerance: a new concept for understanding the electrical stability of the heart
Authors: Stokke Mathis K , Louch William E , Smith Godfrey L
Published: November 2024

The co-ordinated electrical activity of ∼2 billion cardiac cells ensures stability of the heartbeat. Indeed, the remarkably low incidence (<1%) of ventricular arrhythmias in the healthy heart is only possible when the electrical event across this syncytium is closely controlled. In contrast, the diseased myocardium is associated with increased electrophysiological heterogeneity, unstable rhythm, and increased incidence of lethal arrhythmias. But what is the link between cellular and tissue level heterogeneity? Recent research has shown the existence of considerable cellular heterogeneity even in the healthy heart, suggesting that cell-to-cell variability in electrical (e.g. action potential duration) and mechanical performance (e.g. twitch amplitude) is a normal property. This observation has been previously unappreciated because the aggregated function in the form of QT-interval and cardiac output varies <1% on a beat-to-beat basis. This article describes the underlying cellular variability that is tolerated—and perhaps needed—by different regions of the heart for normal function and indicates why this variability is not apparent in function at the chamber and organ level. Thus, in contrast to the current dominant view, this article postulates that heterogeneity is normal and potentially endows various functional benefits. This new view of how the component parts of the heart come together to function also suggests novel mechanisms for cardiac pathologies, namely that dysfunction may emerge from changes in the extent and/or nature of heterogeneity. Once understood, restoring normal forms of heterogeneity could be a novel approach to treatment.
Digest: Extremes of the mating system continuum are the most evolutionarily stable
Authors: Luzuriaga-Aveiga Vanessa E
Published: November 2024

Marcondes and Douvas [(2024). Social mating systems in birds: Resource-defense polygamy—but not lekking—is a macroevolutionarily unstable trait. Evolution, qpae123] provide a macroscale insight into the evolution of mating systems in birds. The study shows that resource-defense polygamous lineages are evolutionarily unstable, commonly transitioning into monogamy or going extinct. Surprisingly, lek polygamy is as evolutionary stable as monogamy. While in monogamy both sexes benefit from cooperative behavior by equally investing in parental care, in lekking systems each sex maximizes their fitness independently: females invest in parental care and males enhance sexually selected traits.
Digital Contact as Strain or Support: How Does Type of Contact Shape the Association Between Mother–Child Interactions and Adult Children’s Depressive Symptoms in Later-Life Families?
Authors: He Ranran , Suitor J Jill , Gilligan Megan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

This paper aims to extend research on the association between mother–child contact and adult children’s psychological well-being in later-life families by differentiating between in-person, virtual, and written digital contact, examining the moderating role of children’s gender, and exploring the processes that underlie these associations.

Research Design and Methods

Mixed-methods data were collected from 250 adult children nested within 131 families as part of the third wave of the Within-Family Differences Study. On average, adult children were 59 and mothers were 88 years of age.

Results

Multilevel analyses revealed that interacting with mothers through written digital media was associated with higher depressive symptoms among adult children, whereas mother–child in-person and virtual digital contact were not associated with children’s depressive symptoms. When stratifying the sample by children’s gender, we found that mother–child written digital contact was associated with higher depressive symptoms among daughters, but not sons. Qualitative analyses suggested that adult daughters’ psychological well-being was negatively associated with written digital contact with their mothers because this medium of interaction typically fell short of daughters’ expectations for emotionally enriching exchanges.

Discussion and Implications

This study revealed differences in how virtual and written digital contact are associated with psychological well-being among adult daughters, but not sons, suggesting that it is important to consider type of contact, gender of interactants, and content of exchanges when studying the associations between digital communication and relational and psychological well-being and designing intervention programs and digital communication technologies.
Alternative polyadenylation shapes the molecular and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Yipeng , Shaw Vikram R , Amos Christopher I
Published: November 2024

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a major mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation that affects mRNA stability, localization and translation efficiency. Previous pan-cancer studies have revealed that APA is frequently disrupted in cancer and is associated with patient outcomes. Yet, little is known about cancer type-specific APA alterations. Here, we integrated RNA-sequencing data from a Korean cohort (GEO: GSE40419) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to comprehensively analyze APA alterations in lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). Comparing expression levels of core genes involved in polyadenylation, we find that overall, the set of 28 of 31 genes are upregulated, with CSTF2 particularly upregulated. We observed broad and recurrent APA changes in LUAD growth-promoting genes. In addition, we find enrichment of APA events in genes associated with known LUAD pathways and an increased heterogeneity in polyadenylation (polyA) site usage of proliferation-associated genes. Upon further investigation, we report smoking-specific APA changes are also highly relevant to LUAD development. Overall, our in-depth analysis reveals APA as an important driver for the molecular and clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma.
Patent opposition, IP firm capabilities, and technology entry: empirical evidence from European patent data
Authors: Martinelli Arianna , Mazzei Julia , Moschella Daniele
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the extent to which patent litigiousness relates to entry into a new technological domain (TD). Unless firms have sufficient intellectual property (IP) capabilities, patent litigiousness in the form of opposition may raise barriers to entry. We test this hypothesis using a large-scale dataset of patents applied for at the European Patent Office (EPO) between 2000 and 2015. We introduce a new measure of TD patent litigiousness based on the frequency of oppositions at the EPO. Patent litigiousness is negatively associated with technological entry for small firms, especially in high-tech and complex TDs. Unlike small firms, large firms benefit from previous experience with opposition, which favors the development of IP capabilities and reduces the uncertainty of entering highly litigious TDs.
Dos ejes para pensar la tensión entre el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos y los sistemas constitucionales de la regiónTwo axes to consider the tension between the Inter-American System of Human Rights and the Constitutional systems of the region
Authors: Maisley Nahuel
Published: November 2024

The dispute over the authority to interpret the American Convention on Human Rights has generally been conceptualized along a single axis, with the Inter-American Court at one end and States at the other. This article suggests that the tension should be analyzed considering, instead, two perpendicular and independent conceptual axes. First, a geographic or vertical axis, in which competencies are distributed between geographically and jurisdictionally overlapping political communities (the national and inter-American political community, respectively). And second, an institutional or horizontal axis, in which competencies are distributed among institutional bodies (legislatures and courts). These two axes produce a Cartesian scheme of coordinates, useful to map the various positions existing in academic, judicial, and political debates and to highlight the genuine normative complexity underlying the disputes. The article concludes suggesting a research agenda structured around imagining how to expand instances of regional democratic governance within the system.
Taxon-specific contributions of microeukaryotes to biological carbon pump in the Oyashio region
Authors: Yang Qingwei , Yang Yanhui , Xia Jun , Fukuda Hideki , Okazaki Yusuke , Nagata Toshi , Ogata Hiroyuki , Endo Hisashi
Published: November 2024

Microeukaryotes are critical components of sinking particles contributing to carbon export from the surface to deep oceans. However, the knowledge of the sinking microeukaryotic communities and their dynamics is currently limited. In this study, we applied 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding to investigate the microeukaryotic communities in sinking and suspended particles distinguished by marine snow catchers during spring in the Oyashio region. Sinking particles displayed distinct communities and lower diversity than suspended particles. The community compositions of the sinking particles varied with depth, suggesting that microeukaryotes were selectively disaggregated or decomposed during settling. Prymnesiophyceae and diatoms were effectively removed, as indicated by their decreased abundance in sinking particles at increasing depths. Conversely, Dinophyceae maintained a higher abundance in sinking particles across depths, indicating resistance to disaggregation and decomposition. Spirotrichea and heterotrophic Dinophyceae were enriched in sinking particles, while marine stramenopiles groups were enriched in suspended particles. The heterotrophs in the deeper layers were mainly transported from the surface layers by increasing their relative abundance towards deep layers, indicating that they contributed to the transformation processes of sinking particles. Overall, our results demonstrate the functional differences among microeukaryotes in the biological carbon pump.
Evaluation of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on finishing beef steer growth performance, skeletal muscle cellular response, and carcass characteristics
Authors: Eckhardt Erika P , Kim Wonseob , Jaborek Jerad , Garmyn Andrea J , Kang Donghun , Kim Jongkyoo
Published: November 2024

This study elucidated the effects of dosage-dependent guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on growth performance, muscle responses, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. Thirty crossbred Red Angus beef steers (395 ± 28.09 kg) were randomly assigned one of three treatments during a 146-d feedlot study: basal diet without GAA supplementation (CONTROL), 1g of GAA per 100 kg of body weight (BW) daily (LOWGAA), and 2 g of GAA per 100 kg of BW daily (HIGHGAA). Individual feed intake was monitored daily, growth performance parameters were collected every 28 d, and longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies occurred every 56 d. In biopsied LM, greater (P = 0.048) mRNA expression of IGF-1 was observed in LOWGAA steers on day 112 compared to the CONTROL group. LOWGAA steers also exhibited greater expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I compared to CONTROL steers (P < 0.05) and MHC IIA compared to both CONTROL and HIGHGAA treatment groups (P < 0.01) on day 112. GAA supplementation resulted in no change in carcass characteristics, serum and LM tissue metabolites, LM composition, and Warner–Bratzler shear force values (P > 0.05). Data collected from this study demonstrate the influence of GAA supplementation on the gene expression of MHC isoforms and their role in skeletal muscle growth, differentiation, and muscle fiber-typing.