bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal dynamics in a nearshore isotopic niche and spatial subsidies from multi-trophic aquaculture
Authors: Weldrick Christine K. , Jelinski Dennis E.
Published: January 2017

A poorly understood food web dynamic concerns possible seasonal variation in spatial subsidies associated with multi-trophic aquaculture and their effects on extractive and naturally occurring organisms. We used the stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N and circular statistics to investigate niche overlap across a year-long period at an experimental multi-trophic aquaculture facility in British Columbia, Canada. A two-source mixing model revealed that particulate organic matter was the most important food source for all sample invertebrates (mean range 40%–98%) compared with farm effluent (mean range 3%–35%). There were significant month-to-month changes in δ13C and δ15N for all species except for the brooding transparent tunicate (Corella inflata). We did not detect any directionality for the entire community, but did identify variable directional shifts for each species, suggesting resource partitioning driven by competition and (or) morphology-based differences in feeding strategies. This was further supported by seasonal variation in inter- and intraspecific isotopic niche widths. Isotopic niche overlap among co-occurring invertebrates appeared to be stronger during winter and summer than autumn months. Our study provides valuable insights on the role of multi-trophic derived effluent on a nearshore marine community composed of both natural and cultured species within the same feeding guild.
On the modeling of epidemics under the influence of risk perception
Authors: De Lillo S. , Fioriti G. , Prioriello M. L.
Published: January 2017

An epidemic spreading model is presented in the framework of the kinetic theory of active particles. The model is characterized by the influence of risk perception which can reduce the diffusion of infection. The evolution of the system is modeled through nonlinear interactions, whose output is described by stochastic games. The results of numerical simulations are discussed for different initial conditions.
Generalized Dirac duality and CP violation in a two-photon theory
Authors: Arias Paola , Das Ashok K. , Gamboa Jorge , Méndez Fernando
Published: January 2017

A kinetic mixing term, which generalizes the duality symmetry of Dirac, is studied in a theory with two photons (visible and hidden). This theory can be either CP conserving or CP violating depending on the transformation of fields in the hidden sector. However, if CP is violated, it necessarily occurs in the hidden sector. This opens up an interesting possibility of new sources of CP violation.
On the Redundant Representation of Partial Remainders in Radix-4 SRT Dividers
Authors: Amaricai Alexandru , Sicoe Ovidiu , Boncalo Oana
Published: January 2017

Most digit-recurrence algorithms for division, such as the Sweeney–Robertson–Tocher (SRT) algorithm, have been used in order to take advantage of the redundant representations of the partial remainder. This way, full carry propagate additions are avoided, obtaining significant latency improvements. Furthermore, the delay corresponding to one division iteration is independent of the size of the operands. The most frequent redundant form for the partial remainders is the carry-save (CS) representation, which uses 2 bits of representation (carry and sum bits) for each bit of the partial remainder. This paper proposes radix-4 SRT dividers which use (3, 2) redundancy (3 bits of representation for 2 bits of the partial remainder) and (5, 4) redundancy (5 bits of representation for 4 bits of the partial remainder). The goal of using these representations is represented by a decreased cost due to the reduced number of sequential elements required to store the partial remainder. The proposed dividers use 2-bit carry propagate adders and 4-bit carry propagate adders to compute the new partial remainder. Thus, the full carry propagate addition is avoided, while the latency of one division iteration is independent of the operands’ size. The synthesis result for Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA devices show that similar working frequencies are obtained for divider using the proposed redundant representation with respect to the conventional carry-save, while requiring up to 12% for (3, 2) representation and 18% for (5, 4) representation less sequential elements.
Gravitational waves from neutron star binaries
Authors: Lee Chang-Hwan
Published: January 2017

With H. A. Bethe, G. E. Brown worked on the merger rate of neutron star binaries for the gravitational wave detection. Their prediction has to be modified significantly due to the observations of [Formula: see text] neutron stars and the detection of gravitational waves. There still, however, remains a possibility that neutron star-low mass black hole binaries are significant sources of gravitational waves for the ground-based detectors. In this paper, I review the evolution of neutron star binaries with super-Eddington accretion and discuss the future prospect.
Systematic effects in the low-energy behavior of the current SAID solution for the pion-nucleon system
Authors: Matsinos E. , Rasche G.
Published: January 2017

We investigate the description of the pion-nucleon experimental data at low energy (i.e., below pion laboratory kinetic energy of 100[Formula: see text]MeV) on the basis of the current SAID solution (WI08). We demonstrate that, in a self-consistent analysis scheme, the scale factors of the fits based on the Arndt–Roper formula come out independent of the beam energy and ‘cluster’ around the expectation value of [Formula: see text]. We report systematic effects in the low-energy behavior of the WI08 solution. These effects indicate that at least one of the three following assumptions, underlying the WI08 analysis, does not hold, namely that: (a) the bulk of the data is reliable, (b) the electromagnetic effects are correctly accounted for and (c) the isospin invariance in the strong interactions of the [Formula: see text] system is valid.
The Comparison of Bottom Parameter Inversion in Geoacoustic Space and in (P,Q) Space
Authors: Zhao Z. D. , Shang E. C. , Rouseff Daniel
Published: January 2017

The acoustical properties of the sea-bottom can be described by geoacoustic (GA) parameters or by reflective parameters: [Formula: see text] (phase shift parameter) and [Formula: see text] (absorption parameter). Both in GA space and in ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) space, the parameters are difficult to measure and are instead estimated by inversion methods such as matched field inversion (MFI). In GA space, an assumed model is needed to mount the GA parameters for inverting (model dependent), while the reflective parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are model-free. In this paper, the efficiency and quality of matched field processing (MFP) in GA space as well as in ([Formula: see text]) space are compared and the potential possibility of bottom sound-speed-profile estimation is discussed.
SYNTHESIS OF RGO–ZnO COMPOSITES FOR THERMAL, ELECTRICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES
Authors: THAKUR ALPANA , KUMAR SUNIL , PATHANIA POOJA , PATHAK DINESH , RANGRA V. S.
Published: January 2017

Materials composed of single or a few pure/modified graphitic layers can be easily synthesized using chemical methods. In the present work, nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with zinc oxide (ZnO) have been prepared via in situ reduction of graphite oxide (GO). X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of RGO and ZnO crystal planes. The XRD results were complimented by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Incorporation of ZnO phase into the graphitic layers has been identified with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Incorporation of ZnO into graphitic layers has enhanced the thermal and optical characteristics of RGO but turned out with the reduced electrical conductivity. These nanocomposites illustrated fascinating antimicrobial activities against human pathogens E. coli and S. aureus.
OPTIMAL TRADING STRATEGIES WITH LIMIT ORDERS
Authors: AGLIARDI ROSSELLA , GENÇAY RAMAZAN
Published: January 2017

A model is proposed to study the risk management problem of designing optimal trading strategies in a limit order book. The execution of limit orders is uncertain, which leads to a stochastic control problem. In contrast to previous literature, we allow the agents to choose both the quotes and the sizes of their submitted orders. Attention is paid to how the trading strategy is affected by an order book’s characteristics, market volatility and the trader’s risk attitude. We prescribe an optimal splitting of the order size for the trades with limit orders, while the existing literature offers a solution to this problem with market orders, and, at the same time, we provide guidelines to optimally place orders further behind the best price or to (re)position them more aggressively. Thus this paper is an attempt towards a more realistic modeling of optimal liquidation throughout limit orders.
The Newton complementary dual revisited
Authors: Dória André , Simis Aron
Published: January 2017

This work deals with the notion of Newton complementary duality as raised originally in the work of the second author and B. Costa. A conceptual revision of the main steps of the notion is accomplished which then leads to a vast simplification and improvement of several statements concerning rational maps and their images. A ring-homomorphism like map is introduced that allows for a close comparison between the respective graphs of a rational map and its Newton dual counterpart.
Character degrees of extensions of the Suzuki groups 2B2(q2)
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Mehdi
Published: January 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a Suzuki group [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we determine the degrees of the ordinary complex irreducible characters of every group [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text].
Algebraic certification of numerical algorithms computing Lagrange resolvents
Authors: Bouazizi Faïçal
Published: January 2017

We introduce a certified numerical algorithm to calculate Lagrange’s resolvent. This algebraic certification uses Galoisian ideal.
Samira-VP: A simple protein alignment method with rechecking the alphabet vector positions
Authors: Fotoohifiroozabadi Samira , Mohamad Mohd Saberi , Deris Safaai
Published: January 2017

Protein structure alignment and comparisons that are based on an alphabetical demonstration of protein structure are more simple to run with faster evaluation processes; thus, their accuracy is not as reliable as three-dimension (3D)-based tools. As a 1D method candidate, TS-AMIR used the alphabetic demonstration of secondary-structure elements (SSE) of proteins and compared the assigned letters to each SSE using the [Formula: see text]-gram method. Although the results were comparable to those obtained via geometrical methods, the SSE length and accuracy of adjacency between SSEs were not considered in the comparison process. Therefore, to obtain further information on accuracy of adjacency between SSE vectors, the new approach of assigning text to vectors was adopted according to the spherical coordinate system in the present study. Moreover, dynamic programming was applied in order to account for the length of SSE vectors. Five common datasets were selected for method evaluation. The first three datasets were small, but difficult to align, and the remaining two datasets were used to compare the capability of the proposed method with that of other methods on a large protein dataset. The results showed that the proposed method, as a text-based alignment approach, obtained results comparable to both 1D and 3D methods. It outperformed 1D methods in terms of accuracy and 3D methods in terms of runtime.
Polydopamine-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Synergistic Redox Mediators for Catalytic Reduction of Azo Dyes
Authors: Du Sinan , Luo Yang , Zuo Fang , Li Xinhua , Liu Dong
Published: January 2017

Polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@PDA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared as synergistic redox mediators for the catalytic reduction, by NaBH4, of azo dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to determine their surface morphology, surface chemistry and detailed chemical composition, respectively. The latter technique confirmed the presence of quinone moieties. Moreover, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to confirm the superparamagnetic properties of these NPs. The characteristic optical absorption maximum of MO at 462[Formula: see text]nm was used to monitor the decolorization process. This was employed to determine the catalytic activity in the reaction. An enhancement of the catalytic activity of the magnetic-separable Fe3O4@PDA nanocatalyst over that of PDA microspheres (MPs) was observed. Moreover, their reusability and stability were also investigated. A synergistic electron transfer mechanism involving both Fe3O4 and PDA moieties was proposed as follows: the quinone moieties and Fe (III) species in Fe3O4@PDA NPs served as systematic redox mediators, with quinone receiving an electron from NaBH4. The reduced quinone next transfers an electron to the Fe (III) moiety, generating an Fe (II) species that in turn transfers an electron to the azo dye. We determined that this process resulted in enhanced reductive degradation of azo dyes when compared with PDA MPs. Moreover, Fe3O4@PDA NPs could be magnetically separated and recycled. We therefore concluded that these NPs show great potential in the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts in the chemical reduction processes of azo dyes.
Fabrication of CeO2@MnO2 Core–Shell Nanospheres and Their Application in CO Oxidation
Authors: Liu Ling , Shi Jingjing , Cao Hongxia , Wang Ruiyu
Published: January 2017

Rational design and fabrication of heterogeneous core–shell nanostructures is of great significance because their two-phase interface could render hybrid junctions with rich redox reactions, which are beneficial for improving catalytic performance. Herein, hierarchical CeO2 yolk-shell nanospheres@MnO2 nanosheets core–shell nanostructures were fabricated by a multistep wet chemical synthetic strategy. The resulting CeO2@MnO2 core–shell nanospheres exhibited high catalytic activity toward CO oxidation in comparison with pure CeO2 and MnO2 structures and their physical and chemical mixture. The enhanced catalytic performance should be attributed to the formation of core–shell structure and the possible synergistic effects between the two components of MnO2 and CeO2, which facilitates materials with promoted redox properties and enhanced oxidation activity. In addition, this synthetic method is expected to extend to fabricate other multi-composite core–shell structures for a broad range of technical applications.
Coefficient of domination in graph
Authors: Das Angsuman
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces a new domination parameter called coefficient of domination of a graph, which measures the maximum possible efficiency of domination for the given graph. It is evaluated for various classes of graphs and different bounds are proposed. Finally, Nordhaus–Gaddum type inequalities are established for coefficient of domination of a graph and its complement.
Extending HTN to planning and execution control for small combat unit simulation
Authors: Xu Xiao , Ju Rusheng , Liu Xiaocheng , Li Ge , Son Young-Jun
Published: January 2017

Modeling how military commanders carry out operations is considered complicated, requiring the capability of not only planning for multiple subordinates but also responding to unexpected events during execution. This paper presents an Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) embedded planning and execution control architecture for small unit commander agents. To be adaptive to dynamic world state changes, the architecture employs a partial planning mechanism and generates actions only applicable to current situations. It is also able to coordinate subordinates’ actions and handle execution failures at runtime. We demonstrate the architecture’s use with an infantry company scenario, where the commander orders three platoons assaulting a defined hill. Our approach shows the effectiveness to control multiple entities in dynamic environments, making the architecture well-suited to represent small unit commanders’ behavior.
Quantum-Matter Heterostructures
Authors: Boschker H. , Mannhart J.
Published: January 2017

Combining the power and possibilities of heterostructure engineering with the collective and emergent properties of quantum materials, quantum-matter heterostructures open a new arena of solid-state physics. Here we provide a review of interfaces and heterostructures made of quantum matter. Unique electronic states can be engineered in these structures, giving rise to unforeseeable opportunities for scientific discovery and potential applications. We discuss the present status of this nascent field of quantum-matter heterostructures and its limitations, perspectives, and challenges.
Self-Determination Theory in Work Organizations: The State of a Science
Authors: Deci Edward L. , Olafsen Anja H. , Ryan Richard M.
Published: January 2017

Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation that evolved from research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and expanded to include research on work organizations and other domains of life. We discuss SDT research relevant to the workplace, focusing on (a) the distinction between autonomous motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and fully internalized extrinsic motivation) and controlled motivation (i.e., externally and internally controlled extrinsic motivation), as well as (b) the postulate that all employees have three basic psychological needs—for competence, autonomy, and relatedness—the satisfaction of which promotes autonomous motivation, high-quality performance, and wellness. Research in work organizations has tended to take the perspectives of either the employees (i.e., their well-being) or the owners (i.e., their profits). SDT provides the concepts that guide the creation of policies, practices, and environments that promote both wellness and high-quality performance. We examine the relations of SDT to transformational leadership, job characteristics, justice, and compensation approaches.
Absence of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 turns cardiomyocytes unresponsive to LIF-dependent increases in Ca2+ levels
Authors: Rocha-Resende Cibele , Guedes de Jesus Itamar Couto , Roman-Campos Danilo , Miranda Artur S. , Alves Fabiana , Resende Rodrigo Ribeiro , dos Santos Cruz Jader , Machado Fabiana Simão , Guatimosim Silvia
Published: January 2017

Little is known regarding the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in the control of cytokine signaling in cardiomyocytes. We investigated the consequences of SOCS2 ablation for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-induced enhancement of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transient by performing experiments with cardiomyocytes from SOCS2-knockout (ko) mice. Similar levels of SOCS3 transcripts were seen in cardiomyocytes from wild-type and SOCS2-ko mice, while SOCS1 mRNA was reduced in SOCS2-ko. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed increased SOCS3 association with gp130 receptor in SOCS2-ko myocytes. Measurements of Ca2+ in wild-type myocytes exposed to LIF showed a significant increase in the magnitude of the Ca2+ transient. This change was absent in LIF-treated SOCS2-ko cells. LIF activation of ERK and STAT3 was observed in both wild-type and SOCS2-ko cells, indicating that in SOCS2-ko, LIF receptors were functional, despite the lack of effect in the Ca2+ transient. In wild-type cells, LIF-induced increase in [Ca2+]i and phospholamban Thr17 [PLN(Thr17)] phosphorylation was inhibited by KN-93, indicating a role for CaMKII in LIF-induced Ca2+ raise. LIF-induced phosphorylation of PLN(Thr17) was abrogated in SOCS2-ko myocytes. In wild-type cardiomyocytes, LIF treatment increased L-type Ca2+ current ( ICa,L), a key activator of CaMKII in response to LIF. Conversely, SOCS2-ko myocytes failed to activate ICa,L in response to LIF, providing a rationale for the lack of LIF effect on Ca2+ transient. Our data show that absence of SOCS2 turns cardiomyocytes unresponsive to LIF-induced [Ca2+] raise, indicating that endogenous levels of SOCS2 are crucial for full activation of LIF signaling in the heart.
Distinct physiological effects of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors in mouse ventricular myocytes: insights from a compartmentalized mathematical model
Authors: Rozier Kelvin , Bondarenko Vladimir E.
Published: January 2017

The β1- and β2-adrenergic signaling systems play different roles in the functioning of cardiac cells. Experimental data show that the activation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system produces significant inotropic, lusitropic, and chronotropic effects in the heart, whereas the effects of the β2-adrenergic signaling system is less apparent. In this paper, a comprehensive compartmentalized experimentally based mathematical model of the combined β1- and β2-adrenergic signaling systems in mouse ventricular myocytes is developed to simulate the experimental findings and make testable predictions of the behavior of the cardiac cells under different physiological conditions. Simulations describe the dynamics of major signaling molecules in different subcellular compartments; kinetics and magnitudes of phosphorylation of ion channels, transporters, and Ca2+ handling proteins; modifications of action potential shape and duration; and [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i dynamics upon stimulation of β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (β1- and β2-ARs). The model reveals physiological conditions when β2-ARs do not produce significant physiological effects and when their effects can be measured experimentally. Simulations demonstrated that stimulation of β2-ARs with isoproterenol caused a marked increase in the magnitude of the L-type Ca2+ current, [Ca2+]i transient, and phosphorylation of phospholamban only upon additional application of pertussis toxin or inhibition of phosphodiesterases of type 3 and 4. The model also made testable predictions of the changes in magnitudes of [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i fluxes, the rate of decay of [Na+]i concentration upon both combined and separate stimulation of β1- and β2-ARs, and the contribution of phosphorylation of PKA targets to the changes in the action potential and [Ca2+]i transient.
Relaxin confers cytotrophoblast protection from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt/protein kinase B cell survival pathway
Authors: Ogunleye Oluseyi , Campo Bertha , Herrera Diana , Post Uiterweer Emiel D. , Conrad Kirk P.
Published: January 2017

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive syndrome that manifests after 20 wk of gestation. Contemporary understanding of the maternal-fetal interface in preeclampsia suggests a major role for placental oxidative stress resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the pregnancy hormone relaxin would reduce cytotrophoblast apoptosis and necrosis (aponecrosis) and, hence, the export of placental debris into the maternal circulation. If so, then relaxin might be employed as a therapeutic intervention to diminish the activation of the maternal systemic inflammatory response central to the development of clinical disease. HTR-8/SVneo cells, a model for first trimester extravillous trophoblast, were subjected to serum deprivation and hypoxia or hypoxia-reoxygenation. The cells were treated with recombinant human relaxin or vehicle and apoptosis and/or necrosis evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), CellEvent Caspase-3/7 and SYTOX AADvanced kit, and propidium iodide staining as determined by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. To interrogate mechanisms of relaxin cytoprotection, HTR-8/SVneo cells were pretreated with pharmacological inhibitors of PI3-kinase LY294004, Akt/PKB MK-2206, or DMSO vehicle. HTR-8/SVneo cell identity was first confirmed by RT-PCR. The cells expressed placental alkaline phosphatase, aromatase, and human leukocyte antigen G. In addition, the cells expressed the relaxin receptor RXFP1 as well as H1 and H2 relaxins. Serum deprivation and hypoxia increased apoptotic cell death in HTR-8/SVneo cells, which was significantly ameliorated by concurrent treatment with relaxin. Serum deprivation and hypoxia-reoxygenation increased necrotic cell death in HTR-8/SVneo cells, which was also significantly rescued by concurrent treatment with relaxin. Pretreatment with LY294002 or MK-2206, to inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt/protein kinase B cell survival pathway, significantly blunted the cytoprotective effect of relaxin. We demonstrated trophoblast cytoprotection by intervention with supraphysiological concentrations of relaxin, a process in part mediated through the PI3-kinase-Akt/PKB cell survival pathway. These results provide further rationale for clinical investigation of relaxin as a potential therapeutic in preeclampsia.
High-intensity intermittent exercise training with chlorella intake accelerates exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative capacity in rats
Authors: Horii Naoki , Hasegawa Natsuki , Fujie Shumpei , Uchida Masataka , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Hashimoto Takeshi , Tabata Izumi , Iemitsu Motoyuki
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic chlorella intake alone or in combination with high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training on exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the four groups: sedentary control, chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal feed), HIIE training, and combination of HIIE training and chlorella intake for 6 wk ( n = 10 each group). HIIE training comprised 14 repeats of a 20-s swimming session with a 10-s pause between sessions, while bearing a weight equivalent to 16% of body weight, 4 days/week. Exercise performance was tested after the interventions by measuring the maximal number of HIIE sessions that could be completed. Chlorella intake and HIIE training significantly increased the maximal number of HIIE sessions and enhanced the expression of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1, MCT4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α concomitantly with the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase (CS), and cytochrome- c oxidase (COX) in the red region of the gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, the combination further augmented the increased exercise performance and the enhanced expressions and activities. By contrast, in the white region of the muscle, MCT1 expression and LDH, CS, and COX activities did not change. These results showed that compared with only chlorella intake and only HIIE training, chlorella intake combined with HIIE training has a more pronounced effect on exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, in particular, lactate metabolism.
Sublingual microcirculatory blood flow and vessel density in Sherpas at high altitude
Authors: Gilbert-Kawai Edward , Coppel Jonny , Court Jo , van der Kaaij Jildou , Vercueil Andre , Feelisch Martin , Levett Denny , Mythen Monty , Grocott Michael P. , Martin Daniel ,   Xtreme Everest 2 Research Group
Published: January 2017

Anecdotal reports suggest that Sherpa highlanders demonstrate extraordinary tolerance to hypoxia at high altitude, despite exhibiting lower arterial oxygen content than acclimatized lowlanders. This study tested the hypothesis that Sherpas exposed to hypobaric hypoxia on ascent to 5,300 m develop increased microcirculatory blood flow as a means of maintaining tissue oxygen delivery. Incident dark-field imaging was used to obtain images of the sublingual microcirculation from 64 Sherpas and 69 lowlanders. Serial measurements were obtained from participants undertaking an ascent from baseline testing (35 m or 1,300 m) to Everest base camp (5,300 m) and following subsequent descent in Kathmandu (1,300 m). Microcirculatory flow index and heterogeneity index were used to provide indexes of microcirculatory flow, while capillary density was assessed using small vessel density. Sherpas demonstrated significantly greater microcirculatory blood flow at Everest base camp, but not at baseline testing or on return in Kathmandu, than lowlanders. Additionally, blood flow exhibited greater homogeneity at 5,300 and 1,300 m (descent) in Sherpas than lowlanders. Sublingual small vessel density was not different between the two cohorts at baseline testing or at 1,300 m; however, at 5,300 m, capillary density was up to 30% greater in Sherpas. These data suggest that Sherpas can maintain a significantly greater microcirculatory flow per unit time and flow per unit volume of tissue at high altitude than lowlanders. These findings support the notion that peripheral vascular factors at the microcirculatory level may be important in the process of adaptation to hypoxia.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sherpa highlanders demonstrate extraordinary tolerance to hypoxia at high altitude, yet the physiological mechanisms underlying this tolerance remain unknown. In our prospective study, conducted on healthy volunteers ascending to Everest base camp (5,300 m), we demonstrated that Sherpas have a higher sublingual microcirculatory blood flow and greater capillary density at high altitude than lowlanders. These findings support the notion that the peripheral microcirculation plays a key role in the process of long-term adaptation to hypoxia.
Identification of Three Novel Splicing Variants and Expression Analysis of Chicken GPR1 Gene
Authors: Zhang Xueyou , Xiao Qihai , Tian Kai , Wang Yan , Zhao Xiaoling , Yin Huadong , Li Diyan , Zhu Qing
Published: January 2017

GPR1is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays critical roles in eukaryotic cells: typically, response to glucose stimulation, lipid accumulation, and transmitting nutrition signals to cAMP pathway. However, the alternative splicing of theGPR1gene and its expression pattern in chicken tissues and ovarian follicles were unknown. In our current study, we used RACE-PCR to identify threeGPR1variants, including the full-length variant (GPR1-va1) and two alternatively spliced variants (GPR1-va2,GPR1-vb). Quantitative real-time PCR examined the expression pattern ofGPR1mRNA in chicken tissues and ovarian follicles. The result reveals that the coding sequence of the three variants cDNA is 1053, 1053, and 627 bp in length, encoding 350, 350, and 208 amino acids, respectively. The three variants ofGPR1show similar tissue distributions;GPR1expression was abundant in the abdominal fat, lung, and heart. With the follicular development, the expression ofGPR1gene gradually increased, andGPR1-va1andGPR1-va2spliced variants expression in F2 were significantly higher than in F5, F4, and prehierarchical follicles (P<0.05). Taken together, we found three novel variants ofGPR1, and the results ofGPR1expression profiling in adipose tissues and ovarian follicles suggest thatGPR1may play a significant role in the lipid accumulation and progression of follicular development.
Super-Selective Mesenteric Embolization Provides Effective Control of Lower GI Bleeding
Authors: Pham Toan , Tran Bob Anh , Ooi Kevin , Mykytowycz Marcus , McLaughlin Stephen , Croxford Matthew , Skinner Iain , Faragher Ian
Published: January 2017

Introduction. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and super-selective mesenteric artery embolization (SMAE) in managing lower GI bleeding (LGIB). Method. A retrospective case series of patients with LGIB treated with SMAE in our health service. Patients with confirmed active LGIB, on either radionuclide scintigraphy (RS) or contrast-enhanced multidetector CT angiography (CE-MDCT), were referred for DSA +/− SMAE. Data collected included patient characteristics, screening modality, bleeding territory, embolization technique, technical and clinical success, short-term to medium-term complications, 30-day mortality, and progression to surgery related to procedural failure or complications. Results. There were fifty-five hospital admissions with acute unstable lower gastrointestinal bleeding which were demonstrable on CE-MDCT or RS over a 31-month period. Eighteen patients proceed to embolization, with immediate success in all. Eight patients (44%) had clinical rebleeding after intervention, warranting repeated imaging. Only one case (5.6%) demonstrated radiological rebleeding and was reembolized. Complication rate was excellent: no bowel ischaemia, ischaemic stricture, progression to surgery, or 30-day mortality. Conclusion. SMAE is a viable, safe, and effective first-line management for localised LGIB. Our results overall compare favourably with the published experiences of other institutions. It is now accepted practice at our institution to manage localised LGIB with embolization.
Protective Effect of Daikenchuto on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice
Authors: Matsunaga Takaharu , Hashimoto Shinichi , Yamamoto Naoki , Kawasato Ryo , Shirasawa Tomohiro , Goto Atsushi , Fujisawa Koichi , Takami Taro , Okamoto Takeshi , Nishikawa Jun , Sakaida Isao
Published: January 2017

Aim. To investigate the effect of daikenchuto (TJ-100; DKT) for ulcerative colitis (UC) model mouse and assess its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Methods. We evaluated the effects of DKT on dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced experimental colitis. First, we assessed the short-term effects of DKT using two groups: 5% DSS group and 5% DSS with DKT group. Colon length; histological scores; and interleukin- (IL-) 10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression profiles were analyzed using real-time PCR. Second, we assessed the long-term effects of DKT, by comparing survival time between 2% DSS and 2% DSS with DKT groups. Results. After 7 days, the colon lengths of DSS + DKT group were longer than those of the DSS group (mean values: 6.11 versus 5.69 cm, p<0.05). Furthermore, compared to DSS group, the DSS + DKT group maintained significantly higher levels of serum hemoglobin (13.1 versus 10.7 g/dL, p<0.05) and exhibited significantly higher expression levels of IL-10 (p<0.05). The 2% DSS + DKT group exhibited significantly longer survival time than the 2% DSS group (70 versus 44 days, p<0.01). Conclusion. Our results indicate that DKT prevented inflammation in the colon, indicating its potential as a new therapeutic agent for UC.
Update on the Medical Management of Gastrointestinal Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Lopalco Giuseppe , Rigante Donato , Venerito Vincenzo , Fabiani Claudia , Franceschini Rossella , Barone Michele , Lapadula Giovanni , Galeazzi Mauro , Frediani Bruno , Iannone Florenzo , Cantarini Luca
Published: January 2017

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology mainly defined by recurrent oral aphthosis, genital ulcers, and chronic relapsing bilateral uveitis, all of which represent the “stigmata” of disease. However, many other organs including the vascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems can be affected. The gastrointestinal involvement in Behçet’s disease (GIBD), along with the neurological and vascular ones, represents the most feared clinical manifestation of BD and shares many symptoms with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Consequently, the differential diagnosis is often a daunting task, albeit the presence of typical endoscopic and pathologic findings may be a valuable aid to the exact diagnosis. To date, there are no standardized medical treatments for GIBD; therefore therapy should be tailored to the single patient and based on the severity of the clinical features and their complications. This work provides a digest of all current experience and evidence about pharmacological agents suggested by the medical literature as having a potential role for managing the dreadful features of GIBD.
Efficient Method for Aeroelastic Tailoring of Composite Wing to Minimize Gust Response
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Zhengjie , Guo Shijun
Published: January 2017

Aeroelastic tailoring of laminated composite structure demands relatively high computational time especially for dynamic problem. This paper presents an efficient method for aeroelastic dynamic response analysis with significantly reduced computational time. In this method, a relationship is established between the maximum aeroelastic response and quasi-steady deflection of a wing subject to a dynamic loading. Based on this relationship, the time consuming dynamic response can be approximated by a quasi-steady deflection analysis in a large proportion of the optimization process. This method has been applied to the aeroelastic tailoring of a composite wing of a tailless aircraft for minimum gust response. The results have shown that 20%–36% gust response reduction has been achieved for this case. The computational time of the optimization process has been reduced by 90% at the cost of accuracy reduction of 2~4% comparing with the traditional dynamic response analysis.
Bilateral Tensor Fasciae Suralis Muscles in a Cadaver with Unilateral Accessory Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle
Authors: Bale Logan S. W. , Herrin Sean O.
Published: January 2017

Muscle variants are routinely encountered in the dissection laboratory and in clinical practice and therefore anatomists and clinicians need to be aware of their existence. Here we describe two different accessory muscles identified while performing educational dissection of a 51-year-old male cadaver. Tensor fasciae suralis, a rare muscle variant, was identified bilaterally and accessory flexor digitorum longus, a more common muscle variant, was present unilaterally. Tensor fasciae suralis and accessory flexor digitorum longus are clinically relevant muscle variants. To our knowledge, the coexistence of tensor fasciae suralis and accessory flexor digitorum longus in the same individual has not been reported in either cadaveric or imaging studies.
The Antioxidant Capacity of Rosemary and Green Tea Extracts to Replace the Carcinogenic Antioxidant (BHA) in Chicken Burgers
Authors: Pires Manoela A. , Munekata Paulo E. S. , Villanueva Nilda D. M. , Tonin Fernando G. , Baldin Juliana C. , Rocha Yana J. P. , Carvalho Larissa T. , Rodrigues Isabela , Trindade Marco A.
Published: January 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural extracts (rosemary and green tea extracts) in frozen storage of chicken burgers. Chicken burger treatments were prepared as follows: control (CON), 20 mg BHA/kg (BHA20), 10 mg green tea extract/kg (GT10), 38 mg green tea extract/kg (GT38), 18.6 mg rosemary extract/kg (RO18), and 480 mg rosemary extract/kg (RO480). Analysis of physicochemical parameters, color, TBAR index, and sensory acceptance were performed at 0, 30, 60, and 120 days of storage at −18°C in burgers packaged in LDPE plastic bags. The addition of natural antioxidants did not affect (p>0.05) the color and physicochemical parameters of the chicken burgers. After 120 days at −18°C, the RO480 sample showed a TBAR index similar (p>0.05) to BHA20 (0.423 and 0.369 mg, resp.). Sensory acceptance did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatments throughout the storage period (p>0.05).
Comparative Study of Elastic Network Model and Protein Contact Network for Protein Complexes: The Hemoglobin Case
Authors: Hu Guang , Di Paola Luisa , Liang Zhongjie , Giuliani Alessandro
Published: January 2017

The overall topology and interfacial interactions play key roles in understanding structural and functional principles of protein complexes. Elastic Network Model (ENM) and Protein Contact Network (PCN) are two widely used methods for high throughput investigation of structures and interactions within protein complexes. In this work, the comparative analysis of ENM and PCN relative to hemoglobin (Hb) was taken as case study. We examine four types of structural and dynamical paradigms, namely, conformational change between different states of Hbs, modular analysis, allosteric mechanisms studies, and interface characterization of an Hb. The comparative study shows that ENM has an advantage in studying dynamical properties and protein-protein interfaces, while PCN is better for describing protein structures quantitatively both from local and from global levels. We suggest that the integration of ENM and PCN would give a potential but powerful tool in structural systems biology.
Physicochemical Properties of Epoxy Resin-Based and Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Lee Ju Kyung , Kwak Sang Won , Ha Jung-Hong , Lee WooCheol , Kim Hyeon-Cheol
Published: January 2017

Three bioceramic sealers (EndoSequence BC sealer, EndoSeal MTA, and MTA Fillapex) and three epoxy resin-based sealers (AH-Plus, AD Seal, and Radic-Sealer) were tested to evaluate the physicochemical properties: flow, final setting time, radiopacity, dimensional stability, and pH change. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used to analyze the data (P=0.05). The MTA Fillapex sealer had a highest flow and the BC Sealer presented a flow significantly lower than the others (P<0.05). The BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex samples were not set in humid incubator condition even after one month. EndoSeal MTA had the longest setting time among the measurable materials and Radic-Sealer and AD Seal showed shorter setting time than the AH-Plus (P<0.05). AH-Plus and EndoSeal MTA showed statistically higher values and MTA Fillapex showed statistically lower radiopacity (P<0.05). BC Sealer showed the highest alkaline pH in all evaluation periods. Set samples of 3 epoxy resin-based sealers and EndoSeal MTA presented a significant increase of pH over experimental time for 4 weeks. In conclusion, the bioceramic sealer and epoxy resin-based sealers showed clinical acceptable physicochemical properties, but BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex were not set completely.
Heat Dissipation of Resonant Absorption in Metal Nanoparticle-Polymer Films Described at Particle Separation Near Resonant Wavelength
Authors: Dunklin Jeremy R. , Roper D. Keith
Published: January 2017

Polymer films containing plasmonic nanostructures are of increasing interest for development of responsive energy, sensing, and therapeutic systems. The present work evaluates heat dissipated from power absorbed by resonant gold (Au) nanoparticles (NP) with negligible Rayleigh scattering cross sections randomly dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films. Finite element analysis (FEA) of heat transport was coordinated with characterization of resonant absorption by Mie theory and coupled dipole approximation (CDA). At AuNP particle separation greater than resonant wavelength, correspondence was observed between measured and CDA-predicted optical absorption and FEA-derived power dissipation. At AuNP particle separation less than resonant wavelength, measured extinction increased relative to predicted values, while FEA-derived power dissipation remained comparable to CDA-predicted power absorption before lagging observed extinguished power at higher AuNP content and resulting particle separation. Effects of isolated particles, for example, scattering, and particle-particle interactions, for example, multiple scattering, aggregation on observed optothermal activity were evaluated. These complementary approaches to distinguish contributions to resonant heat dissipation from isolated particle absorption and interparticle interactions support design and adaptive control of thermoplasmonic materials for a variety of implementations.
Angular Domain Data-Assisted Channel Estimation for Pilot Decontamination in Massive MIMO
Authors: Beyene Yihenew , Ruttik Kalle , Jäntti Riku
Published: January 2017

Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) system is a promising technology that offers to mobile networks substantial increase in throughput. In Time-Division Duplexing (TDD), the uplink training allows a Base Station (BS) to acquire Channel State Information (CSI) for both uplink reception and downlink transmission. This is essential for M-MIMO systems where downlink training pilots would consume large portion of the bandwidth. In densely populated areas, pilot symbols are reused among neighboring cells. Pilot contamination is the fundamental bottleneck on the performance of M-MIMO systems. Pilot contamination effect in antenna arrays can be mitigated by treating the channel estimation problem in angular domain where channel sparsity can be exploited. In this paper, we introduce a codebook that projects the channel into orthogonal beams and apply Minimum Mean-Squared Error (MMSE) criterion to estimate the channel. We also propose data-aided channel covariance matrix estimation algorithm for angular domain MMSE channel estimator by exploiting properties of linear antenna array. The algorithm is based on simple linear operations and no matrix inversion is involved. Numerical results show that the algorithm performs well in mitigating pilot contamination where the desired channel and other interfering channels span overlapping angle-of-arrivals.
Harmful Effects of Hyperoxia in Postcardiac Arrest, Sepsis, Traumatic Brain Injury, or Stroke: The Importance of Individualized Oxygen Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Vincent Jean-Louis , Taccone Fabio Silvio , He Xinrong
Published: January 2017

The beneficial effects of oxygen are widely known, but the potentially harmful effects of high oxygenation concentrations in blood and tissues have been less widely discussed. Providing supplementary oxygen can increase oxygen delivery in hypoxaemic patients, thus supporting cell function and metabolism and limiting organ dysfunction, but, in patients who are not hypoxaemic, supplemental oxygen will increase oxygen concentrations into nonphysiological hyperoxaemic ranges and may be associated with harmful effects. Here, we discuss the potentially harmful effects of hyperoxaemia in various groups of critically ill patients, including postcardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury or stroke, and sepsis. In all these groups, there is evidence that hyperoxia can be harmful and that oxygen prescription should be individualized according to repeated assessment of ongoing oxygen requirements.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Measure of Independence in Everyday Activities: The ADL Profile
Authors: Dutil Élisabeth , Bottari Carolina , Auger Claudine
Published: January 2017

Background. Very few performance-based measures used in occupational therapy have established test-retest reliability coefficients. Objectives of Study. This study presents the test-retest reliability of the task and operation scores of a performance-based measure of independence in everyday activities called the ADL Profile. Methods. 20 adults with severe traumatic brain injury (mean age 28.4 years; SD 9.9) were tested on two occasions with the 17 tasks (personal care, home, and community) of the ADL Profile. Kappa coefficients were calculated on both task and operation scores (formulating goal, planning, executing, and goal attainment). Findings. Test-retest reliability was moderate to almost perfect on task and operation scores of all 17 tasks. The three tasks with only moderate agreement were more novel and complex (e.g., making a budget) for the participants. Relevance to Clinical Practice. Use of measures that are stable over time is essential for treatment planning and research. Repeat testing is crucial with clients that require long periods of treatment (acute care, rehabilitation, and community integration) and multiple measurements of ADL independence. Limitations. The small sample size is a limit of the study. Recommendations for Further Research. Alternate versions of the three tasks with only moderate agreement would need to be developed and other psychometric properties established.