bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de microfiltração para melhoria da qualidade e extensão da vida de prateleira de leite pasteurizado
Authors: Antunes Veridiana de Carvalho
Published: May 2014

A microfiltração é uma das tecnologias utilizadas para melhorar a qualidade do leite fluido. O objetivo dessa revisão é abordar o uso da microfiltração do leite para estender sua vida de prateleira. A importância da qualidade do leite cru (microorganismos contaminantes e enzimas naturais do leite, provenientes das células somáticas ou do crescimento dos microrganismos psicrotróficos) e as condições de estocagem do leite cru (refrigeração), que são decisivas para a qualidade e vida de prateleira do leite pasteurizado, também serão discutidas. São mencionados os progressos já obtidos e em desenvolvimento da tecnologia de microfiltração para a extensão da vida de prateleira do leite pasteurizado e a importância da microfiltração para manter as características nutricionais do leite. Ainda serão descritos os problemas associados com incrustações da membrana que afetam o seu desempenho.
Evaluation of scientific production in the field of Dentistry in Public Health from 1999 to 2009
Authors: Zanin Luciane , Florio Flavia Martão , Santos Roberta Blanco dos , Souza Poliana Poian
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Studies that analyze scientific production are essential to guide researchers. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of scientific production in the field of Dentistry in Public Health, by means of the abstracts published in the Annals of Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica in the period from 1999 to 2009. Material and method: First, the reading of all the 22388 abstracts published in the annals of the Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica from 1999 to 2009 was undertaken. The sample was 3061 abstract belonging to Public Health area. Result: There was growing participation of studies on Dentistry in Public Health with 113 studies having been inscribed in 1999 and 441 in 2009. There was a predominance of scientific studies in comparison with systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or case reports. In the classification of general nature of the research, 71.28% concerned studies with human beings. The greatest weight in the total number of researches with humans was in 2002, contributing with 79.79% of the total. With regard to the area of thematic domain, it was verified that studies involving Epidemiology were more frequent in all the years. When analyzing the institutional origin of studies, it was verified that in all the studied years, the public universities were responsible for the majority of scientific publications, 75.6% (n=2315). Conclusion: The studies on Dentistry in Public Health have grown significantly in the studied period of ten years. There was predominance of Epidemiological studies, and those of the in vivo and scientific research type.
Estudo cefalométrico das características tegumentares de pacientes com má oclusão de Classe III
Authors: Ferreira Lorena Marques , Pereira Hallissa Simplício Gomes , Sena Pedro Paulo Maia de
Published: May 2014

Introdução: A má oclusão de Classe III é uma discrepância anteroposterior, que pode ser caracterizada por crescimento mandibular excessivo e/ou retrusão maxilar. Objetivo: Avaliar as características tegumentares de pacientes Classe III na cidade de Mossoró, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, além de apontar se há associação entre as variáveis cefalométricas e o gênero. Material e método: Foi selecionada uma amostra retrospectiva de 52 telerradiografias em norma lateral de indivíduos adultos, com perfil facial côncavo e valores de ANB e AOBO negativos. As telerradiografias selecionadas foram analisadas no programa Radiocef Studio 2. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma análise descritiva das variáveis, calculando-se média, desvio-padrão, mínimo e máximo. O teste t para dados independentes foi utilizado para detectar diferenças entre os gêneros. Resultado: O perfil facial apresentou valor médio de 176,9°±5,9; o ângulo nasolabial, 91,9°±13,1; o sulco mentolabial, 137,9°±13,3, e a projeção nasal, 16,2 mm±4,5. Os terços faciais superior e inferior apresentaram as seguintes médias: 60,7 mm±14,3 e 70,5 mm±19. Para as espessuras labiais superior e inferior, obtiveram-se as médias 13,4 mm±5,1 e 13,9 mm±4,8, respectivamente. A protrusão labial superior revelou como média 3,3 mm±2,7 e a inferior, 4 mm±3,1. Conclusão: As principais características cefalométricas encontradas foram: perfil facial côncavo; ângulo nasolabial normal; sulco mentolabial pouco profundo e projeção nasal normal. Quanto aos terços faciais, apenas o inferior apresentou-se aumentado. Ambos os lábios mostraram-se espessos, mas somente o inferior revelou-se protruso. Tais características não foram diferentes entre os gêneros e demonstraram maior participação mandibular no perfil. Porém, para melhor conhecimento do tema, são necessários mais estudos, com amostras maiores e desenhos metodológicos mais sofisticados.
Antifungal activity of components used for decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans
Authors: Gouveia Cíntia Lima , Freire Isabelle Cristine Melo , Leite Maria Luísa de Alencar e Silva , Figueiredo Rebeca Dantas Alves , Almeida Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley , Padilha Wilton Wilney Nascimento
Published: May 2014

Introduction: The effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions employed in dental prosthesis decontamination is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cleaners used in the decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans. Material and method: The evaluated products were: Corega Tabs(r) (S1), Sodium Hypochlorite 1% (S2), Sodium Bicarbonate 1% (S3), Hydrogen Peroxide 1% (S4), Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% - Periogard (r) (S5), Mouthrinse based on essential oils - Listerine(r) (S6), essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at concentrations of 1% (S7) and 2% (S8). The antifungal activity of the products was evaluated by agar diffusion technique and the determination of microbial death curve of samples of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) in concentration 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL. The tests were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was made by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey tests, with the confidence level of 95%. Result: The average of the zones of inhibition growth, in millimeters, obtained for the products were: 0.0 (S1), 44.7 (S2), 0.0 (S3), 21.6 (S4), 10.0 (S5), 6.1 (S6), 0.0 (S7) and 2.4 (S8). Considering the determination of microbial death curve, all products showed a statistical difference (p<0.01) from control (0.85% sodium chloride) and S3 groups. Fungal growth less than 2×104 CFU/mL and an accentuation of the microbial death curve were observed after 30 minutes, with exception for S3 and control groups. Conclusion: The studied compounds, with the exception of Sodium Bicarbonate, have antifungal effect against C. albicans, which contribute for dental prostheses hygiene.
A vulnerabilidade e a mente : conflitos simbólicos entre o diagnóstico institucional e a perspectiva de jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa
Authors: Malvasi Paulo Artur , Adorno Rubens de Camargo Ferreira
Published: May 2014

Nas últimas duas décadas a utilização do termo vulnerabilidade foi expandida para diferentes campos de conhecimento e de intervenção. Neste artigo analisamos o uso da noção de vulnerabilidade no âmbito do sistema socioeducativo como um componente das relações de poder entre instituições de execução de medidas socioeducativas e jovens atendidos. Baseado em pesquisa etnográfica realizada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo em 2009, 2010 e 2011, com a participação de 14 adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas, o texto analisa o conflito entre o relatório psicológico de um jovem e sua própria interpretação ao falar sobre os mesmos aspectos de sua vida. Discute também como o jovem, intrincado diferentemente por códigos distintos, enseja em sua própria existência conflitos simbólicos que têm escapado às práticas do sistema socioeducativo. O encontro da ideia de vulnerabilidade no relatório psicológico com a perspectiva da mente como atributo de um jovem configura-se um campo de disputas simbólicas entre visões da capacidade de autorregulação do indivíduo.
Pedrinho, religiosidade e prostituição: os agenciamentos de um ser ambivalente
Authors: Bardi Giovanna , Malfitano Ana Paula Serrata
Published: May 2014

Os estudos sobre a juventude e os cursos da vida revelam a ambivalência entre o desejo de ser e permanecer jovem e o imaginário em torno dos “perigos” trazidos por esse grupo. Diversas discussões encontram-se focadas nas problematizações em torno de jovens pobres, principalmente aqueles que fazem uso de drogas, sobre os quais se realiza uma abordagem imbuída pela falta, pela criminalização ou pela medicalização. Partindo de uma compreensão social sobre o tema e a desconstrução de estereótipos calcados no imaginário social, buscamos identificar as redes sociais, formais e informais, de jovens que dizem que usam drogas ilícitas, na periferia urbana de um município de médio porte de São Paulo. Para tanto, realizou-se um trabalho de campo de base etnográfica, por dois anos, junto àqueles que nos diziam que precisavam ou já precisaram de algum auxílio devido ao uso de drogas. Apresenta-se a história de Pedrinho e os seus caminhos tecidos para a obtenção de suportes, centrados em sua mãe, numa colega da prostituição e em dois líderes religiosos, um pastor e um pai de santo. A análise de suas redes sociais, principalmente as de cunho religioso, ressalta a ambivalência presente e revela o suporte fornecido na relação com as pessoas, desconstruindo os discursos acerca da “salvação” de usuários de droga pela fé. O caráter informal de suas redes demonstra os agenciamentos trazidos pela vida, permitindo-nos alicerçar Pedrinho como parte de uma realidade possível e que transcende as instituições formais de auxílio, que não ofertaram repostas condizentes à sua realidade.
Construção social das drogas e do crack e as respostas institucionais e terapêuticas instituídas
Authors: Medeiros Regina
Published: May 2014

Este artigo é produto parcial de uma pesquisa realizada na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte com o objetivo de compreender os mecanismos sociais e simbólicos envolvidos na relação entre o tráfico do crack e a disseminação da violência, o uso compulsivo dessa substância, os tratamentos e os serviços de atenção ao usuário. Foram utilizados métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, com análise dos inquéritos policiais, entrevistas com policiais, traficantes, profissionais, pacientes e gestores das instituições que prestam atendimento ao usuário de crack. Pretende-se discutir a construção social do problema das drogas; as imagens negativas construídas socialmente sobre o crack e sobre os usuários da substância; as respostas institucionais que, baseadas nos modelos biomédicos, religiosos e jurídicos propõem, gerenciam e legitimam protocolos burocráticos homogêneos para diferentes tipos de usuários. As representações construídas socialmente interferem diretamente no insucesso do processo terapêutico, na descrença e nas frustrações da equipe de profissionais e nas frequentes recaídas e reinternações dos pacientes, particularmente dos usuários de crack . Além de reproduzir uma política proibicionista obsoleta, reforçar preconceitos, provocar medidas coercitivas e discriminatórias, preterindo os direitos de cidadania.
Determinantes culturais da saúde: uma abordagem para a promoção de equidade
Authors: Fernandez Juan Carlos Aneiros
Published: May 2014

Este artigo pretende discutir o emprego de uma abordagem de natureza socioantropológica do processo saúde-doença como forma de se produzir o enfrentamento de iniquidades em saúde. Considerando-se que os elementos culturais têm sido pouco tratados nas abordagens sobre os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde, neste artigo explora-se a ideia de que fatores étnico-culturais podem estar relacionados à produção das desigualdades em saúde ao exporem segmentos da população a uma condição de maior vulnerabilidade. Pretende, por essa razão, contribuir para o desafio de se agregarem necessidades emergentes ou recalcadas de ordem étnico-cultural relacionadas à saúde ao já consolidado modelo vigente de atenção e cuidado, considerando para isso, por um lado, os usos da questão da diversidade no contexto contemporâneo e, por outro lado, a questão do “inacabamento” também em relação às instituições criadas. Sugere, por fim, a oportunidade que representa tomar por foco de interesse para essa discussão os aspectos culturais relacionados às cosmovisões e, em particular a experiência das comunidades de terreiros.
Metodologia para avaliar a saúde ambiental: uma aplicação em municípios empregando a análise multicriterial
Authors: Carvalho José Ribamar Marques de , Carvalho Enyedja Kerlly Martins de Araújo , Curi Wilson Fadlo , Curi Rosires Catão , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: May 2014

Atualmente são observadas muitas maneiras de abordar a complexidade dos aspectos relacionados à saúde pública. Uma delas é a relação entre os seres humanos e o meio ambiente, especificamente através de indicadores de saúde ambiental. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetiva propor uma metodologia baseada em indicadores de saúde ambiental e análise multicritério no intuito de analisar a situação da saúde em cidades, permitindo comparar dados ambientais entre municipalidades que integram a Região do Alto Curso do Rio Paraíba. Para tanto, fez-se o uso da pesquisa documental e exploratória e da análise multicriterial. Os municípios de São Domingos do Cariri foram os que apresentaram o menor Indicador Multicritério de Saúde Ambiental, seguido dos municípios de Amparo, Zabelê, São João do Tigre, Congo, Coxixola, São Sebastião do Umbuzeiro, Barra de São Miguel, Cabaceiras, Camalaú, Ouro Velho e São João do Cariri já que estes municípios apresentaram Indicador Multicritério de Saúde Ambiental (IMSA) negativo, ou seja, que necessitam de melhores estratégias de gestão pública no intuito de melhorar esse cenário. Por sua vez, as cidades com melhores desempenhos, IMSA positivos foram: Monteiro, Boqueirão, Sumé, Serra Branca e Prata.
Empoderamento e qualidade de vida de adolescentes trabalhadores assistidos por uma entidade filantrópica de apoio ao adolescente
Authors: Campos Ana Cristina Viana , Borges Carolina Marques , Lucas Simone Dutra , Vargas Andrea Maria Duarte , Ferreira e Ferreira Efigênia
Published: May 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir o empoderamento de adolescentes trabalhadores e testar sua possível associação com a qualidade de vida. Estudo transversal realizado com 363 adolescentes trabalhadores assistidos por uma Entidade Filantrópica de Apoio ao Adolescente. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de dois questionários, sendo um utilizado para mensurar a qualidade de vida (WHOQoL-Bref) e as questões sobre empoderamento do Questionário Integrado para Medir Capital Social do Banco Mundial (QIMCS). A variável dependente (empoderamento) foi construída pelo agrupamento dos participantes, por meio da análise de segmentação. O teste Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado para a comparação dos escores dos domínios do WHOQoL-Bref (físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente) entre os clusters, com 5% de significância. Em relação à análise de segmentação, 126 (34,7%) adolescentes foram classificados como de baixo empoderamento, 161 (44,4%) formaram o grupo moderado e 70 (19,3%) possuíam maior empoderamento. O cluster com alto empoderamento apresentou as maiores médias dos escores de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios. O teste Kruskal-Wallis revelou diferenças estaticamente significantes entre os clusters para os domínios psicológico (p=0,001), relações sociais (p=0,003) e global (p=0,024). Concluiu-se que melhores escores de qualidade de vida foram encontrados no grupo de adolescentes com maior empoderamento.
Humanização na atenção básica de saúde na percepção de idosos
Authors: Lima Thaís Jaqueline Vieira de , Arcieri Renato Moreira , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Saliba Orlando
Published: May 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção do idoso quanto ao cuidado humanizado na atenção básica de saúde, com enfoque sobre os aspectos do atendimento ambulatorial que interferem na qualidade do atendimento. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo do tipo transversal, abrangendo todas as unidades básicas de saúde de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo, por meio de entrevistas dirigidas aos idosos que frequentavam essas unidades. O instrumento utilizado foi desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), que, em busca de maior objetividade para a avaliação da qualidade do cuidado à saúde, propôs o conceito de responsividade, para referir-se aos elementos não diretamente ligados ao estado de saúde, e sim aos envolvidos no atendimento acolhedor e resolutivo com responsabilidade e vínculo. Dessa forma, os domínios de responsividade avaliados foram: pronta atenção, dignidade, comunicação, autonomia, escolha dos profissionais, confidencialidade e estrutura física e conforto. Os resultados foram analisados através do software Epi Info 3.5.2. Verificou-se que alguns domínios da atenção em saúde, altamente valorizados pelos idosos, tiveram desempenho bem inferior, como: Autonomia, em que apenas 54,4% tiveram liberdade para tomar decisões sobre sua saúde ou tratamento; e Comunicação, em que 67,6% não obtiveram informações sobre outros tipos de tratamentos ou exames e 79,2% não tiveram oportunidade para esclarecimentos quanto às dúvidas sobre o tratamento. Sugere-se, portanto, mudanças nos serviços de atenção básica à saúde prestados, principalmente quando se trata de idosos, uma população especial que necessita receber uma assistência diferenciada.
A bula de medicamentos e a regulação de suas configurações em termos de forma e conteúdo no Brasil
Authors: Fujita Patricia Lopes , Machado Carlos José Saldanha , Teixeira Márcia de Oliveira
Published: May 2014

A bula é um documento técnico – científico, direcionado a profissionais da saúde e pacientes, que acompanha o medicamento para informar sua composição, características e uso. Considerando a importância e complexidade dessas informações técnico-científicas, houve transformações na regulação de seu conteúdo e de seus elementos representativos. Questiona-se, contudo, quais as representações que a informação técnico-científica assumiu em relação à compreensão de seus usuários. Com o objetivo de conhecer e analisar as diversas configurações contemporâneas que a bula de medicamento tem sofrido sob influência dos marcos regulatórios ao longo do tempo, evidenciaram-se as representações que a informação técnico-científica da bula de medicamento vêm assumindo para compreensão de seus usuários. Para tanto, realizou-se este estudo qualitativo centrado em levantamento, identificação, sistematização e análise comparativa dos instrumentos jurídicos que compõem o marco regulatório nacional dessas bulas. Os resultados demonstram que sua regulação possui um arcabouço legal histórico, que vem se desenvolvendo há sete décadas, juntamente com a criação de órgãos de fiscalização em saúde e em vigilância sanitária. É possível notar que o desenvolvimento do processo regulatório das bulas de medicamento, apesar de ocorrer entre longos espaços de tempo, a partir da criação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (1999) e das consultas públicas, começou a ser realizado com um pouco mais de frequência. Assim, nos últimos dez anos, a regulação da bula de medicamento passou a ser mais específica, principalmente quanto aos aspectos de forma e conteúdo.
Iniciação científica: percepção do interesse de acadêmicos de odontologia de uma universidade brasileira
Authors: Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira , Assis Rahyza Inácio Freire de , Sousa Hedilberto Araújo de , Miclos Paula Vitali , Gomes Maria José
Published: May 2014

A iniciação científica é uma oportunidade aos acadêmicos de desenvolver senso crítico, ético e profissional, com o intuito de aumentar a evidenciação científica e conduzir o que de melhor a prática odontológica pode oferecer. A universidade é um cenário importante de estímulo e incentivo à pesquisa, tendo um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento desta atividade, sendo necessário o apoio institucional e de professores interessados. O objetivo é conhecer o interesse dos graduandos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo em relação à pesquisa científica. O estudo se caracteriza como descritivo transversal com abordagem quanti/qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada com 101 acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) através de um questionário semiestruturado, pré-validado, contendo perguntas sobre o interesse em pesquisa, participação em jornadas científicas e sobre o Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC). Os resultados encontrados foram: 79,2% relatam gostar de pesquisa científica e 81,19% têm interesse em pesquisar. É principalmente no 3o e 4o períodos que os alunos começam a frequentar eventos científicos, e na sua maioria, no 5o e 6o períodos começam a elaborar e apresentar trabalhos científicos. Conclui-se que um número considerável de acadêmicos de Odontologia mostra interesse e participa de pesquisas científicas, mesmo que a falta de incentivo financeiro, apoio dos professores e da infraestrutura não colabore para a realização de estudos com maior evidência científica.
Mapping of the evidence from systematic reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration for decision-making within physiotherapy
Authors: Versiani Ane Helena Valle , Martimbianco Ana Cabrera , Peccin Maria Stella
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVEEvidence-based clinical practice emerged with the aim of guiding clinical issues in order to reduce the degree of uncertainty in decision-making. The Cochrane Collaboration has been developing systematic reviews on randomized controlled trials as high-quality intervention study subjects. Today, physiotherapy methods are widely required in treatments within many fields of healthcare. Therefore, it is extremely important to map out the situation regarding scientific evidence within physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to identify systematic reviews on physiotherapeutic interventions and investigate the scientific evidence and recommendations regarding whether further studies would be needed.TYPE OF STUDY AND SETTINGCross-sectional study conducted within the postgraduate program on Internal Medicine and Therapeutics and at the Brazilian Cochrane Center.METHODSSystematic reviews presenting physiotherapeutic interventions as the main investigation, in the Cochrane Reviews Group, edition 2/2009, were identified and classified.RESULTSOut of the 3,826 reviews, 207 (5.41%) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Only 0.5% of the reviews concluded that the intervention presented a positive effect and that further studies were not recommended; 45.9% found that there seemed to be a positive effect but recommended further research; and 46.9% found that the evidence was insufficient for clinical practice and suggested that further research should be conducted.CONCLUSIONOnly one systematic review (“Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”) indicated that the intervention tested could be used with certainty that it would be effective. Most of the systematic reviews recommended further studies with greater rigor of methodological quality.
Experimentation with and knowledge regarding water-pipe tobacco smoking among medical students at a major university in Brazil
Authors: Martins Stella Regina , Paceli Renato Batista , Bussacos Marco Antônio , Fernandes Frederico Leon Arrabal , Prado Gustavo Faibischew , Lombardi Elisa Maria Siqueira , Terra-Filho Mário , Santos Ubiratan Paula
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: Water-pipe tobacco smoking is becoming increasingly more common among young people. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the use of water pipes and other forms of tobacco use, including cigarette smoking, among medical students, as well as to examine the attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of those students regarding this issue. METHODS: We administered a questionnaire to students enrolled in the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, in São Paulo, Brazil. The respondents were evaluated in their third and sixth years of medical school, between 2008 and 2013. Comparisons were drawn between the two years. RESULTS: We evaluated 586 completed questionnaires. Overall, the prevalence of current cigarette smokers was low, with a decline among males (9.78% vs. 5.26%) and an increase among females (1.43% vs. 2.65%) in the 3rd and 6th year, respectively. All respondents believed that health professionals should advise patients to quit smoking. However, few of the medical students who smoked received physician advice to quit. Experimentation with other forms of tobacco use was more common among males (p<0.0001). Despite their knowledge of its harmful effects, students experimented with water-pipe tobacco smoking in high proportions (47.32% and 46.75% of the third- and sixth-year students, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of experimentation with water-pipe tobacco smoking and other forms of tobacco use is high among aspiring physicians. Our findings highlight the need for better preventive education programs at medical schools, not only to protect the health of aspiring physicians but also to help them meet the challenge posed by this new epidemic.
Can bronchodilators improve exercise tolerance in COPD patients without dynamic hyperinflation?
Authors: Scuarcialupi Maria Enedina Aquino , Berton Danilo Cortozi , Cordoni Priscila Kessar , Squassoni Selma Denis , Fiss Elie , Neder José Alberto
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modulatory effects that dynamic hyperinflation (DH), defined as a reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC), has on exercise tolerance after bronchodilator in patients with COPD. METHODS: An experimental, randomized study involving 30 COPD patients without severe hypoxemia. At baseline, the patients underwent clinical assessment, spirometry, and incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). On two subsequent visits, the patients were randomized to receive a combination of inhaled fenoterol/ipratropium or placebo. All patients then underwent spirometry and submaximal CPET at constant speed up to the limit of tolerance (Tlim). The patients who showed ΔIC(peak-rest) < 0 were considered to present with DH (DH+). RESULTS: In this sample, 21 patients (70%) had DH. The DH+ patients had higher airflow obstruction and lower Tlim than did the patients without DH (DH-). Despite equivalent improvement in FEV1 after bronchodilator, the DH- group showed higher ΔIC(bronchodilator-placebo) at rest in relation to the DH+ group (p < 0.05). However, this was not found in relation to ΔIC at peak exercise between DH+ and DH- groups (0.19 ± 0.17 L vs. 0.17 ± 0.15 L, p > 0.05). In addition, both groups showed similar improvements in Tlim after bronchodilator (median [interquartile range]: 22% [3-60%] vs. 10% [3-53%]; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in TLim was associated with an increase in IC at rest after bronchodilator in HD- patients with COPD. However, even without that improvement, COPD patients can present with greater exercise tolerance after bronchodilator provided that they develop DH during exercise.
Effects of yoga breathing exercises on pulmonary function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Rojo , Carvalho Celso Ricardo Fernandes , Santaella Danilo Forghieri , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in children, and children with DMD die prematurely because of respiratory failure. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of yoga breathing exercises, as well as the effects of those exercises on respiratory function, in such children. METHODS: This was a prospective open-label study of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DMD, recruited from among those followed at the neurology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were taught how to perform hatha yoga breathing exercises and were instructed to perform the exercises three times a day for 10 months. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients who entered the study, 35 dropped out and 15 were unable to perform the breathing exercises, 26 having therefore completed the study (mean age, 9.5 ± 2.3 years; body mass index, 18.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2). The yoga breathing exercises resulted in a significant increase in FVC (% of predicted: 82.3 ± 18.6% at baseline vs. 90.3 ± 22.5% at 10 months later; p = 0.02) and FEV1 (% of predicted: 83.8 ± 16.6% at baseline vs. 90.1 ± 17.4% at 10 months later; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Yoga breathing exercises can improve pulmonary function in patients with DMD.
Lung function in the absence of respiratory symptoms in overweight children and adolescents
Authors: Assunção Silvana Neves Ferraz de , Daltro Carla Hilário da Cunha , Boa Sorte Ney Christian , Ribeiro Júnior Hugo da Costa , Bastos Maria de Lourdes , Queiroz Cleriston Farias , Lemos Antônio Carlos Moreira
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To describe lung function findings in overweight children and adolescents without respiratory disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving male and female overweight children and adolescents in the 8-18 year age bracket, without respiratory disease. All of the participants underwent anthropometric assessment, chest X-ray, pulse oximetry, spirometry, and lung volume measurements. Individuals with respiratory disease were excluded, as were those who were smokers, those with abnormal chest X-rays, and those with an SpO2 = 92%. Waist circumference was measured in centimeters. The body mass index-for-age Z score for boys and girls was used in order to classify the individuals as overweight, obese, or severely obese. Lung function variables were expressed in percentage of the predicted value and were correlated with the anthropometric indices. RESULTS: We included 59 individuals (30 males and 29 females). The mean age was 11.7 ± 2.7 years. Lung function was normal in 21 individuals (35.6%). Of the 38 remaining individuals, 19 (32.2%), 15 (25.4%), and 4 (6.7%) presented with obstructive, restrictive, and mixed ventilatory disorder, respectively. The bronchodilator response was positive in 15 individuals (25.4%), and TLC measurements revealed that all of the individuals with reduced VC had restrictive ventilatory disorder. There were significant negative correlations between the anthropometric indices and the Tiffeneau index in the individuals with mixed ventilatory disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Lung function was abnormal in approximately 65% of the individuals evaluated here, all of whom were overweight. Obstructive ventilatory disorder and positive bronchodilator response predominated.
Utility of Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 in the assessment of asthma control
Authors: Cardoso Mariana Nadal , Chong Neto Herberto José , Rabelo Lêda Maria , Riedi Carlos Antônio , Rosário Nelson Augusto
Published: May 2014

Our objective was to evaluate the reproducibility of Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 (ACQ-7) in asthma patients, comparing our results against those obtained with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria. We evaluated 52 patients. Patients completed the ACQ-7, underwent spirometry, and were clinically assessed to determine the level of asthma control according to the GINA criteria, in two visits, 15 days apart. The ACQ-7 cutoff for uncontrolled asthma was a score of 1.5. The ACQ-7 showed good reproducibility, with a correlation coefficient of 0.73. The ACQ-7 identified a greater number of patients with uncontrolled asthma than did the GINA criteria; according to the GINA criteria, 47 patients (90.4%) presented with partially controlled asthma.
The value of family history in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in children
Authors: Cardoso Joana , Carvalho Isabel
Published: May 2014

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is an immunologically mediated disease resulting from the inhalation of organic substances that trigger an inflammatory response in the alveolar wall, bronchioles, and interstitium in susceptible individuals. Although HP is predominantly an occupational disease, seen in adulthood, cases in children have been described. The diagnosis of HP requires a high degree of suspicion. The treatment consists in avoiding contact with the antigen, and, in some cases, systemic corticosteroids might be necessary in order to prevent its progression to pulmonary fibrosis. We report the clinical cases of three children with a history of contact with birds and a family history of HP. All three patients presented with cough and dyspnea on exertion. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical history and ancillary diagnostic test results consistent with the diagnosis, including a predominance of lymphocytes (> 60%, CD8+ T lymphocytes in particular) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and a ground-glass pattern seen on HRCT of the chest. Early diagnosis is crucial in order to prevent HP from progressing to pulmonary fibrosis. Hereditary factors seem to influence the onset of the disease.
Characterization of Fluazifop-P-butyl Tolerance in Zoysiagrass Cultivars
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Unruh J. Bryan , Brecke Barry J. , Kenworthy Kevin E.
Published: May 2014

POST control of grass weed species and contaminant turfgrass species, such as common and hybrid bermudagrass, is a major challenge in zoysiagrass. Fluazifop-P-butyl is a POST herbicide that can provide selective grass weed control with limited injury to zoysiagrass. However, because of the extent of genetic variation among zoysiagrass cultivars, it was proposed that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance was cultivar dependent. Dose–response field studies were conducted in Jay, FL, in 2012 and 2013, evaluating the tolerance of 11 commercial zoysiagrass cultivars and common bermudagrass to 0, 44, 88, 131, 175, and 263 g ai ha−1of fluazifop-P-butyl. ‘Empire' and ‘Meyer' zoysiagrass were injured 30% or less at 2 wk after treatment (WAT) when treated with 131 g ha−1of fluazifop-P-butyl or less. Conversely, ‘Zeon' and ‘PristineFlora' reached from 30 to more than 50% injury between 2 and 4 WAT with 44 and 88 g ha−1fluazifop-P-butyl. ‘Geo', ‘Crowne', ‘JaMur', and ‘UltimateFlora' showed intermediate injury (i.e. ≤ 60% with 175 and 264 g ha−1) and a recovery period longer than 4 WAT. ‘Emerald', ‘Palisades', and ‘Royal' also showed intermediate injury (i.e., 30 to 65% with 175 and 264 g ha−1), which peaked at 2 WAT and then rapidly declined below 25% injury at 4 WAT. By 8 WAT, all zoysiagrass cultivars had recovered, and no injury was observed. Results from a greenhouse experiment demonstrated that differences observed in the field were cultivar related, especially for the lower tolerance level observed in Zeon and PristineFlora. There is potential to increase fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance in zoysiagrass because of the observed variation among 80 zoysiagrass breeding lines.
Tolerance of Five Warm-Season Turfgrass Species to Flumioxazin
Authors: Reed Thomas V. , McCullough Patrick E.
Published: May 2014

Flumioxazin provides PRE and POST, annual weed control in dormant bermudagrass, but applications during active growth may be injurious. Flumioxazin could also provide an alternative chemistry for POST annual bluegrass control in other turfgrasses, but research is limited on tolerance levels. The objective of this research was to evaluate tolerance of five warm-season turfgrasses to flumioxazin applied at various rates and timings. Late-winter applications of flumioxazin at 0.21, 0.42, or 0.84 kg ai ha−1caused acceptable (< 20%) injury to bermudagrass, seashore paspalum, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass at 3, 6, and 9 wk after treatment (WAT) in both years. In 2012, late-winter applications to centipedegrass caused unacceptable injury at 6 WAT, but turf recovered to acceptable levels by 9 WAT at all rates. Applications made during active turfgrass growth caused unacceptable initial injury to all species. However, bermudagrass, seashore paspalum, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass recovered to < 20% injury by 9 WAT from all rates. In 2012, centipedegrass treated in midspring had 0, 24, and 74% injury from flumioxazin at 0.21, 0.42, and 0.84 kg ha−1, respectively, at 9 WAT. In 2013, midspring applications to centipedegrass caused 13, 48, and 71% injury from 0.21, 0.42, and 0.84 kg ha−1, respectively at 9 WAT. Overall, flumioxazin has the potential to control annual weeds in bermudagrass, seashore paspalum, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass with late-winter applications before greenup, but all turfgrasses may be excessively injured during active growth.
Allyl Isothiocyanate and Metham Sodium as Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Weed Control in Plasticulture Tomato
Authors: Devkota Pratap , Norsworthy Jason K.
Published: May 2014

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) were evaluated as an alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for control of Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge; reduction of tuber density; and increase in marketable tomato yield in low density polyethylene (LDPE)-mulched tomato production. Allyl ITC was applied at 450, 600, and 750 kg ai ha−1; metham sodium (methyl ITC generator) was applied at 180, 270, and 360 kg ai ha−1; and MeBr plus chloropicrin (mixture of MeBr and chloropicrin at 67 : 33%, respectively) was applied at 390 kg ai ha−1. A nontreated weedy check was included for comparison. There was no injury to tomato plants following allyl ITC, metham sodium, or MeBr application. Allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1or metham sodium at 360 kg ha−1controlled Palmer amaranth ≥ 79%, large crabgrass ≥ 76%, and yellow nutsedge ≥ 80% and was comparable to the weed control with MeBr. Highest rates of allyl ITC and metham sodium reduced yellow nutsedge tuber density (≤ 76 tubers m−2) comparable to the MeBr application. Total marketable tomato yield was ≥ 31.6 t ha−1in plots treated with allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1or metham sodium at 360 kg ha−1. Marketable tomato yield from the highest rate of allyl ITC or metham sodium were similar to the yield (38.2 t ha−1) with MeBr treatment. Therefore, allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1and metham sodium at 360 kg ha−1are effective alternatives to MeBr for Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge control in LDPE-mulched tomato.
Family Resiliency, Family Needs, and Community Reintegration in Persons With Brain Injury
Authors: Frain Julianne , Dillahunt-Aspillaga Tina , Frain Michael , Ehkle Sarah
Published: May 2014

Purpose:The purpose of the study was to measure predictors of community reintegration and empirically test the resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study also aimed to measure family needs by surveying caregiving family members through the use of the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ). Primary caregivers of those with TBI were surveyed using a convenience sample accessed through the Brain Injury Association of Florida.

Methods:Participants were asked to complete a multiple-choice questionnaire in exchange for a gift card. The questionnaire comprises demographic questions and five standardized instruments (Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, Family Inventory of Resources for Management, Family Coping Coherence Index, FNQ, and Community Integration Questionnaire).

Results:Results of the study validate the resiliency model and place emphasis on family coherence as the strongest predictor within the model. Results similarly support the importance of all other factors of family resiliency and addressing needs of the family specific to TBI.

Conclusion:In closing, the article provides recommendations for counselors working with families with members with TBI.
Variability of genotype and inheritance of grain nitrogen content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Knezevic Desimir , Maric Sonja , Kovacevic Vlado , Djukic Nevena , Atanasijevic Srdjan
Published: May 2014

In diallel crosses (without reciprocals) of four genetically divergent wheat
cultivars (Yugoslavia, Osijecanka, Zitnica, and NS Rana 2) the variability
and inheritance of nitrogen content in wheat plant were investigated. The
mode of inheritance, gene effect, heritability in parent cultivars and F2
hybrids were studied. The different mode of inheritance: partial dominance,
intermediate and overdominance for analyzed trait was established. Among
parent cultivars, the highest nitrogen contents had Novosadska Rana 2
(3.52%). The combination Zitnica/NS Rana 2 in F2 grain generation was the
best for nitrogen content.
Determination relevant breeding criteria by the path and factor analysis in maize
Authors: Filipovic Milomir , Babic Milosav , Delic Nenad , Bekavac Goran , Babic Vojka
Published: May 2014

In the process of plant breeding the application of relevant breeding
criteria is very important. The Path analysis is broadly applied with the aim
to define yield components that mostly determine the yield and that can be
used as quality breeding criteria. However, the significance of revealed
relationships between yield and yield components can be affected by various
factors, such as diverse genetic material that is observed, traits included
into analysis, environments in which the material is observed, as well as,
the applied statistic approach to determine the nature of the relationships
itself. The interrelationships of yield and yield components of 15 commercial
maize hybrids were observed using the Path and factor analyses. According to
results of Path analysis, plant height, ear diameter and grain moisture had
highly significant genetic and phenotypic direct effects on grain yield. At
the same time, factor analysis points out significant effects of two factors
on grain yield. Factor 1 was mostly determined by ear length and number of
kernels per row, while grain moisture content, ear and cob diameter mostly
determined Factor 2.
Effective chemical constituent’s confirmation of extracting solution from herbs and their gene targets
Authors: Jin Wen , Deng Qingqiong , Niu Meiying , Hu Liping , Liu Aijuan , Tian Guihua , Lu Jianqiu , Zhou Mingquan , Murtaza Ghulam , Jiang Haiyan
Published: May 2014

Ixeris sonchifolia Hance, a normal perennial herb, has effects on
appendicitis, headache, menstruation, blood circulation, blood stasis, pain,
fibrinolytic enzymes, thrombus formation, coronary artery, myocardial
infarct size, PGI2, ET, TXA2, TNF-,?IL-6 and IL-8, etc . However, there was
no full coverage about the molecular basis and gene targets of Ixeris
sonchifolia injection. PubChem Database and DAVID Database had been used
conjunctively to detect the gene IDs, gene targets and their functions.
There were 3008 genes found in the final results, 16 kinds of definite
functions had been detected, 9 of which had been proved and the effects were
focused on the psychological, immune, neurological, metabolic,
cardiovascular and cancer functions. Ixeris sonchifoliahad a wide effects on
various symptoms, which had been reported by previous experiments and
verified by this research; however its influences on aging, chemdependency,
developmental, normalvariation, reproduction, pharmacogenomic and
psychologic functions should be confirmed in the future experiments.
The assessment of genetic potential in performance tested gilts by means of selection indexes method
Authors: Popovac Mladen , Petrovic Milica , Radojkovic Dragan , Stanojevic Dragan , Miletic Aleksandar , Perisic Predrag
Published: May 2014

The objective of this research paper was to make an assessment of breeding
value of performance tested gilts of Swedish Landrace and F1 crossbreds of
Swedish Landrace and Great Yorkshire by the method of selection index. The
traits on whose basis the breeding value was estimated were: daily liveweight
gain, average backfat thickness measured at two sites and carcass meat
percentage. These traits were corrected for body mass of 100kg by the method
of base indexes and the following average values were determined: corrected
daily liveweight gain (KZDP) 408.93g/day, corrected average backfat thickness
measured at two sites (KSL) 9.77mm and corrected carcass meat percentage
(KPM) 61.08%. Studying the effect of genotype, year and birth season of gilts
a statistically significant variation (P>0.05) of these traits provoked by
the mentioned factors was not determined while the gilts` sire statistically
highly significantly (P<0.001) influenced all studied traits. Heritability
coefficients were: h2= 0.255 for KZDP, h2= 0.356 for KSL and h2 = 0.349 for
KPM. The four selection index equations were constructed among which as the
most optimal was chosen the one which includes all three traits (KZDP, KSL
and KPM) and whose coefficient of the correlation of selection index and
aggregate genotype was rIAG = 0.594.
Khorasan wheat population researching (Triticum turgidum, ssp. Turanicum (McKey) in the minimum tillage conditions
Authors: Ikanovic Jela , Popovic Vera , Jankovic Snezana , Zivanovic Ljubisa , Rakic Sveto , Doncic Dalibor
Published: May 2014

Khorasan wheat occupies a special place in the group of new-old cereals
(Triticum turgidum, ssp. Turanicum McKey). It is an ancient species, native
to eastern Persia, that is very close to durum wheat by morphological
characteristics. Investigations were carried out in agro ecological
conditions of the eastern Srem, with two wheat populations with dark and
bright awns as objects of study. The following morphological and productive
characteristics were investigated: plant height (PH), spike length (SH),
number of spikelets per spike (NSS), absolute weight (AW) and grain weight
per spike (GW), seed germination (G) and grains yield (YG). Field
micro-experiments were set on the carbonate chernozem soil type on loess
plateau in 2011 and 2012. Hand wheat sowing was conducted in early March with
drill row spacing of 12 cm. The experiment was established as complete
randomized block system with four replications. Tending crops measures were
not applied during the growing season. Plants were grown without usage of NPK
mineral nutrients. Chemical crop protection measures were not applied,
although powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) was appeared before plants spike
formation in a small extent. The results showed that both populations have a
genetic yield potential. In general, both populations manifested a
satisfactory tolerance on lodging and there was no seed dispersal. Plants
from bright awns population were higher, had longer spikes and larger number
of spikelet?s per spike. However, plants from dark awns population had higher
absolute weight and grains weight per spike, as well as grain yield per
plant. Strong correlation connections were identified among the investigated
characteristics. The determination of correlations, as well as direct and
indirect affects, enabled easier understanding of the mutual relationships
and their balancing in order to improve the yield per unit area.
The main quality attributes of non-sprayed cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) genotypes
Authors: Yildiz Hilal , Ercisli Sezai , Narmanlioglu Haluk , Guclu Saban , Akbulut Mustafa , Turkoglu Zumrut
Published: May 2014

Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) is naturally growing in black sea
region in Turkey and the trees has not been spraying with pesticides. In
natural growing conditions, all cherry laurel genotypes particularly fruits
are seems resistant against pests. Astringent nature of fruits forms a
barrier for pests. A total twelve cherry laurel accessions were harvested at
full maturation time from various sites in Of district located in eastern
black sea region in Turkey. Fruits were analyzed for their total phenolic
(TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total carotenoid (TC), Vitamin C and
for their antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in
fruit flesh extract. Variability among accessions was greatest for total
phenol (TP) and total anthocyanins content ranged from 154 to 213 mg GAE per
100 g and 397 to 519 mg per 100 g. The results indicated that cherry laurel
fruits are superior and unique in terms of bioactive content in particular
compared to bioactive rich fruit species.