bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAKING THE REDPILL: TALKING ABOUT EXTREMISM
Authors: Marwick Alice E. , Furl Katherine
Published: September 2021

There is great public concern about far-right radicalization online,
the process by which individuals are exposed to internet content and then adopt extremist or
hateful ideas. However, this concept has two major problems. First, the idea of
“radicalization” and “extremism” assumes that to study the radical is to study the other,
yet white supremacy and racism are hardly new phenomenon in America. Second, while the
internet clearly contributes to spreading fringe and far-right beliefs, "online
radicalization" furthers simplistic narratives of media effects that ignore political,
economic, and emotional complexities. Thus, to understand the adoption of fringe and
far-right beliefs outside the problematic frame of “radicalization”, this paper takes up
narratives of “redpilling,” slang for coming to believe something counterfactual to
mainstream consensus. Drawing from qualitative and ethnographic research on far-right online
subcultures and critical terrorism studies, we ask how members of far-right and fringe
communiteis understand and perform their own community enrollment. We conduct critical
discourse theory and qualitative data analysis on a broad corpus of in situ discussions of
redpilling drawn from internet spaces devoted to far-right and fringe discussions, including
12 different subreddits, Gab.ai, Discord, Parler, Telegram, and 4chan. Our preliminary
findings suggest that “online radicalization” is an ongoing process in which people come to
believe extremist viewpoints by consuming far-right content, participating in far-right
internet spaces, viewing interpersonal interactions through an ideological lens, and
interacting with friends and family with similar views.
HOW ARE PUBLIC SPHERES TRANSNATIONAL? COMPARING NEWS AND SOCIAL MEDIA
NETWORKS DURING THE MADRID CLIMATE TALKS
Authors: Neff Timothy James , Jemielniak Dariusz
Published: September 2021

In this study, we explore two parallel but related networks of
discourse that arose during the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) negotiations of 2019 in Madrid: one produced by news media coverage of the talks;
the other by Twitter users who shared news content about the talks. As these networks
disseminated information about the UNFCCC’s 25th Conference of the Parties (COP25), we see
them as key channels of communication for a potentially transnational public sphere of
dialogue and dissent, even if the existence or efficacy of such a transnational sphere is a
matter of great debate (Fraser, 2007). Our aim is to compare the internal (within network)
and external (across networks) homogeneity and homogeneity of these two networks in terms of
structure (e.g., language, geographic groups, etc.), dominant topics, and sentiments. We
find that a potential for the emergence of transnational public spheres lies in
contradictory currents of homogeneity and heterogeneity in transnational networks related to
1) the social capital of certain actors; 2) institutional infrastructures such as U.N.
processes; 3) media ownership structures; 4) different cultural practices.
THE NEW SELFIE STANDARD: FACETUNE AND THE SHIFT TOWARD EAST ASIAN SELFIE
AESTHETICS
Authors: Swerzenski JD , Kim Dasol
Published: September 2021

Since its release in 2013, Facetune has risen to become the top paid
photo and video app in the US. In this study, we document that the types of retouching tools
Facetune make available mark a more significant shift in the American cultural practice of
image editing, signaling an adoption of East Asian attitudes toward beauty standards and the
plasticity of the image. Working within the Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis
(CTDA) framework, we track this shift by undertaking a Walkthrough Analysis of the Facetune
app. This combination of methods allowed us to examine not only cultural beliefs around the
self-image but also the affordances and materiality of the app by directly engaging the
interface and technical functions of the app. We found evidence of Facetune pushing certain
East Asian beauty ideals that may fall outside of American standards such as the Face
resizing features that allow users to adjust nose, eyes, forehead, and lips by size and
position. Furthermore, Facetune uses the photo not in its traditional role as a vessel for
depicting a certain scene in time, but as a blank canvas on which to produce an ideal
digital self. These findings offer a significant contribution in understanding shifting
image editing practices online, particularly by highlighting the new technological tools and
cultural beliefs that are leading this shift.
THE HEGEMONY OF KEYBOARD DEFAULTS
Authors: Zaugg Isabelle Alice , Reeve Jonathan
Published: September 2021

No single tool is more fundamental to writing—and more
unexamined—than the computer keyboard. Most of us in the West never consider that the
standard QWERTY key layout, i.e. the staggered key design and the selection of keys
available, is anything but the received, traditional means of text input. And as such,
keyboard/device manufacturers wield a unique form of power: they dictate the kind of words
we can create. They further decide, however unconsciously, the motions our fingers take when
we write; the staggered layout was necessary for the proper functioning of mechanical
typewriters, but has no necessity for computers (let alone mobile devices), yet continues to
be replicated, despite the fact that it is responsible for repetitive stress injuries that
could be eliminated or reduced with an improved ergonomic design. QWERTY may even shape the
meaning of words that we type. Furthermore, considering the global reach of QWERTY against
the backdrop of language diversity, and particularly the approximately 300 non-Latin scripts
in existence, the hegemony of default QWERTY keyboards hints at the ongoing impacts of the
colonial legacy within digital technologies. Thus, to make computing, and the Internet, more
equitable and humane, we must reimagine our keyboard layouts, the characters they include,
and our modes of human-computer interaction. Our paper presents this case, employing data
analyses of hardware and software keyboard usage statistics.
TIKTOK’S ‘FOX EYE’ TREND AND EVERYDAY ACTIVISM: GEN Z AGENCY IN AN
AUDIOVISUAL NARRATIVE CASE STUDY
Authors: Zhao Xinyu Andy , Abidin Crystal
Published: September 2021

This paper examines TikTok as an emerging activist space for Gen Z.
It uses the ‘fox eye’ trend as a case study to illustrate how TikTok allows young people –
Asian diasporic communities in particular – to create audiovisual narratives of personal
experiences and stories to speak up against anti-Asian racism. Through a qualitative content
analysis of 30 relevant TikTok posts, the paper argues for the platform’s distinct
audiovisual features in enhancing users’ capacity for civic engagement. This paper generates
three related findings. First, young Asian users have created TikTok videos featuring a
variety of themes in relation to the fox eye trend. Some notable examples include historical
popular representation of Asians, personal experiences of racism, impossible beauty
standards, jokingly advocating for countertrends, among others. Collectively, these videos
aim to emphasize the ‘problems’ associated with the trend – that is, it is racially
insensitive and builds on cultural appropriation. The second finding suggests three main
types of narratives constructed through the videos – historical, educational and affective.
Each type is characterized by distinct narrative structures and strategies. Finally, the
audiovisual functions of the platform in creating and amplifying the narratives. That is,
the narratives on TikTok are powerful not only because of the rhetorical devices used, but
also due to their audiovisual elements such as visual filters, audio memes, image and video
compilations and non-verbal performance. Through these discussions of findings, we propose
and explain the concept of ‘audiovisual narrative agency’ as an emerging lens to understand
contemporary digital activism.
COLONIALISM, INDEPENDENCE AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Toupin Sophie , Nikoi Nii Kotei Nikoi , Mare Admire , Willems Wendy
Published: September 2021

Conventionally, the African continent is largely written out of accounts on technology. If discussed, technology is often framed as the result of outside influences or the product of technology transfer from the West but rarely are Africans taken seriously as makers or active users of technology (Mavhunga, 2014, 2017). Recent work on race and technology has been useful in highlighting the contribution of Black people to the development of digital technology (McIlwain, 2020) and the creative deployment of technology (Brock, 2020) but has not always engaged extensively with longer histories of racialization and transnational dimensions of Blackness.

Ongoing debates on platform imperialism (Jin, 2013) and data colonialism (Couldry and Mejias, 2019) have been important in demonstrating the disproportionate levels of power that global social media platforms continue to wield and the lingering importance of technology in extractive practices. However, these political economy approaches have insufficiently acknowledged spaces for agency nor have they examined the way in which the state impinges on the everyday lives of citizens.

The four papers in this panel deploy the notion of independence to make sense of the way in which Africans have created, used and imagined digital technology. They treat digital technology as potential tools for liberation as well as constitutive of spaces that enable reflection on what it means to be independent. The panel regards the freedoms occasionally made possible by digital technology as always subject to the constraints imposed by powerful actors such as the (post)colonial state and corporate social media platforms.
Peranan Gerakan Pramuka dalam Mengembangkan Nilai-Nilai Kristiani di My Little Island (MLI) Elementary School, Malang
Authors: Pius Intansakti
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peranan gerakan pramuka dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai Kristiani di My Little Island (MLI) Elementary School Malang. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kuantitatif. Variabel yang digunakan ialah variabel tunggal, yaitu: peranan gerakan pramuka dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai Kristiani di MLI. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket tertutup secara online menggunakan google form. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan sekolah dasar kelas 4-6 yang beragama Katolik dan Protestan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang peranan gerakan pramuka dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai Kristiani di MLI, diperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 4,22. Nilai ini termasuk dalam kategori interval 4.21-5.00, yakni: sangat baik. Menilik hasil ini, pihak MLI direkomendasikan untuk meneruskan integrasi gerakan Pramuka dan sejenisnya dalam kurikulum mereka karena terbukti bahwa kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut efektif dalam meningkatkan penghayatan nilai-nilai kristiani para siswa dalam tataran praktis. Supaya lebih tajam lagi, penelitian ini perlu dilengkapi penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan para informan kunci.
Pastoral “Kotew" bagi Umat Paroki St. Petrus Kanisius Kandui, Palangka Raya (Sebuah Telaah Teologis berdasarkan Teologi Kontekstual Stephen B. Bevans)
Authors: Ervan Sardono Eugenius , Fura Lorensius , Ganordin Kristoforus , Denny Firmanto Antonius
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendalami aspek fundamental katekese di tengah umat. Rupanya pewartaan dapat diresapi dengan mulus ketika tim pastoral menggalakkan “spiritualitas Kotew”. “Kotew” dalam masyarakat Suku Manyaan dan Tewoyan, Kandui, Kalimantan Tengah diartikan sebagai singgah, mampir atau nongkrong. Bevans, seorang teolog kontekstual, dengan melihat pemahamannya tentang Wahyu Tuhan, sikapnya terhadap pengalaman manusia, pemahamannya tentang normativitas Kitab Suci atau tradisi, seseorang dapat memilih untuk masuk ke dalam dialog yang saling kritis antara masa lalu dan masa kini menurut pendapatnya. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah fungsi “Kotew” dalam berpastoral perlu ditonjolkan di kalangan umat di Paroki St. Petrus Kanisius Kandui. Ketika khotbah, renungan, ceramah yang mendalam dari segi makna hanya berhenti di altar, umat paroki dapat merasakan “kehangatan persaudaraan” yang ditemui dalam “Kotew”. Konteks utama penelitian adalah umat paroki st. Petrus kanisius kandui. Perkembangan misi baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas terus berlanjut di Paroki St. Petrus Kanisius Kandui. Paroki ini memang baru menjadi paroki Mandiri pada tahun 2013 dan kongregasi SMM yang dipercayakan oleh Uskup Palangka Raya untuk membuka misi di sana. Paroki ini memang sudah dipersiapkan untuk menjadi paroki pada tahun 1999. Namun, secara administratif dan mandiri, Kandui baru menjadi paroki pada tahun 2013. Metodologi yang digunakan penulis dalam tulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif, yaitu fenomenologi. Penelitian ini bersumber dari pengalaman kehidupan iman umat.
Pengenalan akan Allah dalam Pengalaman Hidup Kaum Muda Katolik
Authors: Sihotang Juli Antonius
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendalami pengenalan akan Allah dalam pengalaman hidup manusia setiap hari, sehingga keberadaan-Nya yang paradoks tidak membuat manusia berhenti untuk semakin mengenal Dia. Penelitian ini memiliki empat rumusan masalah. Pertama, bagaimana pemahaman kaum muda Katolik tentang harapan? Kedua, bagaimana pemahaman kaum muda Katolik tentang iman? Ketiga, bagaimana kaum muda Katolik mengalami Allah ketika berhadapan dengan kesulitan dan penderitaan hidup? Keempat, apa yang membuat kaum muda Katolik berharap dan mengimani Allah lebih dalam hingga saat ini? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah 13 orang kaum muda Katolik, yang memiliki latar belakang pendidikan, pekerjaan, tempat tinggal, dan usia yang beragam. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara melalui facebook dan instagram, serta membagikan pertanyaan melalui google forms dan email. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harapan dipahami sebagai kekuatan atau pegangan hidup manusia. Sedangkan iman merupakan dasar pengharapan dan kepercayaan akan Allah yang memampukan seseorang untuk mengalami kehadiran dan pertolongan-Nya dalam menghadapi kesulitan dan penderitaan hidup. Dengan demikian kaum muda Katolik berharap dan mengimani Allah dalam hidup, sekalipun dalam kenyataannya tidak selalu mudah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengenalan akan Allah hanya akan dialami apabila seseorang memiliki pemahaman yang baik dan mendalam mengenai harapan dan iman dalam peziarahan hidupnya di dunia.
Efek Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Aktif Inovatif Kreatif Efektif Menyenangkan terhadap Prestasi Akademik Pendidikan Agama Katolik Kelas VIII di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Swasta Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe
Authors: Simbolon Erikson , Tibo Paulinus , Hironimus Matondang Rudi
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efek penggunaan metode Pembelajaran Aktif Inovatif Kreatif Efektif Menyenangkan (PAIKEM). Permasalahan penelitian ialah apakah metode pembelajaran Pembelajaran Aktif Inovatif Kreatif Efektif Menyenangkan efektif terhadap prestasi akademik peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik kelas VIII B Sekolah Menengah Pertama Swasta Santo Xaverius 2, Kabanjahe. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Informan-informan kunci dari penelitian terdiri atas Kepala Sekolah, guru Pendidikan Agama Katolik, dan Peserta Didik. Data yang sudah terkumpul dari lapangan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara mereduksi, menyusun display data dan menyimpulkan data penelitian. Untuk mengukur keabsahan data penelitian maka peneliti melakukan triangulasi baik teknik maupun sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode Pembelajaran Aktif Inovatif Kreatif Efektif Menyenangkan (PAIKEM) berpengaruh baik terhadap prestasi akademik peserta didik. Kendala yang dialami peserta didik adalah pembelajaran yang belum sepenuhnya tatap muka atau masih daring karena pandemi. Walaupun demikian, disadari bahwa pembelajaran daring dan pembelajaran tatap muka tetap akan diterapkan berdampingan, juga di masa depan.
Konstruksi Model Spiritualitas Pastoral bagi Katekis di Era Digital
Authors: Wiwin Wiwin , Denny Firmanto Antonius
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membangun model spiritualitas pastoral yang cocok untuk para katekis dalam era digital. Hal ini penting supaya para katekis memiliki semangat dalam melayani umat melalui berbagai media teknologi yang berkembang saat ini. Katekis merupakan sebutan untuk mereka yang terlibat dalam karya pewartaan dan pendamping yang dilakukan kepada umat. Agar pewartaan dan karya pastoral berdaya guna, mereka memerlukan cara menghadirkan diri secara baru. Penulis melakukan penelitian ini berupaya untuk membentuk model spiritualitas pastoral bagi para katekis di era digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencari dan membaca dokumen-dokumen dan tulisan-tulisan yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan tema. Selanjutnya ada proses analisis dan interpretasi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa era digital membawa peluang dan tantangan bagi para katekis. Dari berbagai tantangan yang ada di era digital ditemukan dua model spiritualitas yang cocok untuk diterapkan, yaitu spiritualitas pastoral inkarnatoris dan keugaharian. Kedua model spiritualitas ini dapat diterapkan dalam pewartaan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh para katekis, sehingga pewartaan mengenai kerajaan Allah semakin dipahami oleh umat. Selain itu, berkat semangat inkarnatoris dan keugaharian, katekis dapat membantu umat untuk semakin mengenal Allah hingga membuatnya semakin berharap dan mengimani Allah.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Pembentukan Jiwa Kewirausahaan di Lingkungan Mahasiswa STPKat Semarang
Authors: Astuti Andarweni
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yang pertama adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jiwa kewirausahaan berdasarkan karakteristik individual, psikologi dan kontekstual. Tujuan yang kedua adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sikap dan kontekstual yang mempengaruhi mahasiswa membentuk jiwa kewirausahaanya dan tujuan penelitian ketiga adalah mengetahui ciri-ciri wirausaha yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa STPKat Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif yang menggambarkan fenomena yang ada saat ini di STPKat St. Fransiskus Asisi, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan Metode Analisis Likert. Temuan-temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah 62% faktor-faktor pembentuk jiwa kewirausahaan berasal dari karakter demografi umur dan status; 72% berasal dari sifat-sifat yang dimiliki oleh seseorang; 82% berasal dari faktor kontekstual berupa adanya training kewirausahaan dan niat kuat untuk menjadi seorang guru agama Katolik dengan kepemilikan usaha sampingan. Faktor sikap dan kontekstual yang mempengaruhi dalam hal konsep diri sebesar 73% serta dalam hal minat berwirausaha sebesar 88%. Ciri-ciri wirausahawan ditampakkan dalam rasa percaya diri sebesar 82%; berorientasi pada hasil sebesar 83%; keberanian mengambil risiko sebesar 75%; kepemimpinan sebesar 83%; keorisinilan 77%; dan berorientasi masa depan sebesar 79%. Rasa percaya diri, berorientasi pada hasil, dan kepemimpinan merupakan ciri-ciri wirausaha yang ditemukan pada sebagian besar mahasiswa STPKat Santo Fransiskus Asisi Semarang.
Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge Regarding Puerperal Sepsis and Its Prevention among Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam: An Evaluative Study
Authors: Yumlembam Bedani , Beshra Arline
Published: September 2021

Background: Puerperal sepsis is a postpartum complication, occurs when a recently delivered mother gets an infection while giving birth due to unhygienic practices and poor quality healthcare. If not treated properly in time may lead to death. Lack of awareness among healthcare providers can lead to higher rates of infection.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding puerperal sepsis and its prevention among nurses working in selected hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam.
Methods: The pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research designed was adopted in the study. 100 nurses were selected as sample by using convenience sampling technique in selected hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam. To assess the nurses’ knowledge regarding puerperal sepsis and its prevention structured knowledge questionnaire was used.
Results: In pre-test, the mean knowledge score was 11.76 with standard deviation 2.90. In post-test, the mean knowledge score was 19.81 with standard deviation 1.96. The calculated paired t test value of t = 33.352 was found to be statistically significant at p<0.001. Hence, information booklet on puerperal sepsis was found to be effective in improving the knowledge regarding puerperal sepsis and its prevention. There was significant association between pre-test knowledge regarding puerperal sepsis and its prevention and educational qualification.
Conclusions: Majority of the nurses gained knowledge after referring the information booklet. Hence, awareness program in regular period will help in improving knowledge regarding puerperal sepsis among nurses to provide quality health care for a healthy society.

Key words: Knowledge, Information booklet, puerperal sepsis, prevention.
Congenital Distal Tibiofibular Synostosis - A Case Report
Authors: T Sreenivas
Published: September 2021

Congenital tibiofibular synostosis is the fusion of tibia and fibula since birth. So far there are many reports of congenital proximal tibio fibular synostosis in English literature, but congenital distal tibio fibular synostosis is very rarely described. Imaging studies by means of X rays, CT and MRI are required to rule out osteochondromas arising from distal tibia, fibula and other conditions. If the patient is symptomatic by means of deformity surgical intervention in the form of corrective osteotomy may be considered to prevent alternation of joint biomechanics. We report a rare case of congenital distal tibiofibular synostosis in a 21 year old female presented with complaints of deformity and pain on and off in left lower leg since childhood.

Key words: Congenital; Synostosis; Deformity; Osteochondroma.
Articulating Cervical Rib - A Culprit Often Overlooked on Imaging! : Review Article
Authors: Itti Pratik S. , Ghatge Sharad B. , Somani Shraddha
Published: September 2021

Background: Cervical rib, though it is seen incidentally in the radiographic examination of chest and cervical spine, a particular subset of it can present with thoracic outlet syndrome. This article mainly focuses on the symptom causation of articulating cervical rib, as compared to non-articulating cervical rib which is often asymptomatic. There are many articles describing a cervical rib, but those highlighting this particular relation between the types of cervical rib and symptom causation are not present in present database. The review of serial radiographs upon correlating clinically, lead us to conclude that articulating variant of cervical rib is majorly symptomatic and caused grave arterial complications. The article consists brief discussions on the types of cervical ribs, thoracic outlet syndrome and role of imaging in diagnosing a cervical rib.
Main Body: We have illustrated five such cases from our tertiary care hospital and highlighted the relationship between the magnitude of symptoms and variations of cervical rib. In compliance with PRISMA guidelines, we screened 33 articles dealing with cervical rib and 13 with thoracic outlet syndrome. Overall, 46 articles were filtered on studying the abstract. Further, 15 more had to be excluded as they were case reports and case series, and finally 31 articles were included in our study. We studied and discussed these articles and research papers in relation to variant anatomy of cervical rib, its types and symptom causation. In our study, also routine sequential chest radiographs were reviewed during the period of January 2020 to January 2021 and those with cervical rib and/or elongated C7 transverse process were included.
Conclusion: Thus, to conclude we can state that articulating cervical ribs pose a greater threat and cause arterial occlusion.

Key words: Cervical rib, thoracic outlet syndrome, subclavian artery.
Family Planning: Popular Methods and Their Effects
Authors: Bhatt Yamini , Singh Mukta
Published: September 2021

The number of children directly affects the health and nutritional status of mother. For a healthy child, the mother should be healthy and this could be possible with planned pregnancies or avoiding unwanted pregnancies by use of family planning methods. The present study was undertaken to investigate the methods of family planning used and their effect on the health of a woman.
The study was carried out in the city of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India. The study was cross-sectional and comprised of 220 married women aged 25-40 years, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The respondents were randomly selected, with the exclusion criteria for unmarried, widow, divorcee women, or those who were not living with their husbands.
The results showed that the respondents were aware of the family planning concept. The best source of information regarding family planning was media (36.36%); and the maximum of them preferred the permanent method (40.45%) as the method of contraception. Only a few of them (38.64%) were aware of government policies and plans related to family planning. 26.37% of respondents felt that they were having health problems by using contraceptive methods. The health problems were observed among the respondents using Intra-Uterine Devices (58.49%) and oral contraceptive pills (41.51%).
Age and nutritional status of the mother during conception both contribute to the health and nutritional status of the child. Government should establish policies related to exposure of married couples towards family planning methods along with easy access to family planning methods especially for the lower class people. Also, more in-depth study of the use and awareness of family planning methods should be done as it is essential for the well-being of the mother, child, and family and even society as a whole.

Keywords: Family planning; Family planning methods; Contraception; Intra-uterine devices; Contraceptive Pills
Chaos & Creation: Adam van Vianen's Gilt Ewer
Authors: Whittle Jessica
Published: September 2021

With its bizarre melting surface and the solid forms emerging out of it, this seventeenth-century ewer by the goldsmith Adam van Vianen arouses curiosity and invites investigation. Commissioned in memory of his brother, Paulus van Vianen, who largely developed the auricular style perfected in it, this ewer is a work that rewards exploration – the more you investigate the more there is to see and be delighted by. The incredibly complicated construction of this piece attests to evident careful design and intent in every form in it, raising the question as to their individual meaning and the message they convey as a whole. This study answers the ewer’s call to curiosity by investigating the meanings of the individual forms and the commonalities that connect them as a group. The result is a surprising journey into the world of seventeenth-century alchemy, natural philosophy and Kunstkammers. Research into the iconographical meaning of both the visible forms and the folding surface in the context in which it was created has led the author of this analysis to conclude that the ewer functions as an allegory for the process of artistic creation, visualizing the artist bringing life into the world out of chaos.
Lacunae in the natural origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Revi Deepa
Published: September 2021

The exact origin of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for unleashing the pandemic Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is still not established unambiguously. The intermediate and reservoir hosts of SARS-CoV-2 need to be identified with clarity and how the disease exploded into a pandemic, inevitability needs urgent scientific answers to contain and prevent future pandemics and crises. This perspective provides awareness of the peculiar features of SARS-CoV-2 and inspects the gaps in the natural zoonotic origin of the pandemic.
Tratamiento del síndrome de intestino irritable por gastroenterólogos: resultados de un estudio de corte transversal a partir de una encuesta elaborada por expertos
Authors: Soifer Luis , Tawil José , Rey Alejandro , Solé Laura , Bernstein Silvia
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) accounts for a significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients who suffer from it and is a common reason for consultation in gastroenterology. The treatment of this syndrome includes a wide variety of medications and recommendations based on different factors of its physiopathology. However, the results are usually variable and sometimes unsatisfactory for either the patient or the treating physician. The main objective of the present work is to describe the different treatments used by gastroenterologists in the management of IBS in Argentina. Materials and methods. Questionnaire of forty-seven questions, prepared by experts, distributed by medical associations of gastroenterology in Argentina and answered by specialists via Google Forms. Results. 304 responses, 157 from women (51.6%) and 147 from men (48.4%). The mean age was 44 and 49.9 years, respectively. 87.5% consider improvement of quality of life as the main goal of treatment. Regarding physiopathology of diarrhea variant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), 49.5% considered emotional stress, while for constipation variant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), 42.8% considered it multifactorial, with a predominance of slow colonic transit. No treatment option was rated as very effective by more than 50% of the respondents. Rifaximin was considered the most effective treatment in IBS-D, while polyethylene glycol was for IBS-C. Statistical significant differences were observed among gastroenterology subspecialties in the treatment of IBS-D with respect to the efficacy of diet, amitriptyline and antibiotics other than rifaximin, and regarding the effectiveness for bisacodyl/picosulfate and antibiotics in the treatment of IBS-C. Conclusion. The most common pathophysiological mechanism in IBS-D is stress. The vast majority of respondents consider that the main goal of treatment is the improvement of the quality of life, over symptomatic relief. None of the drugs is considered very effective in the treatment of the different IBS variants by at least 50% of those surveyed. Statistically significant differences were observed in the proportion of monthly consultations for IBS regarding to age and in the effectiveness considered for some treatments in relation to the subspecialty of physicians. The therapeutic approach to IBS by Argentine gastroenterologists is varied and somewhat heterogeneous, resulting in a still inappropriate management of this condition.
Vólvulo de ciego con lesión de colon ascendente: reporte de un caso y alternativas de tratamiento
Authors: Brito Sosa Germán , Iraizoz Barrios Ana María
Published: September 2021

Cecal volvulus is a rare disease responsible for 1% of the cases of intestinal occlusion, whose main etiology is due to a mobile cecum. A 73-year-old male patient with a history of constipation is presented. He had a clinical picture of abdominal pain and distention, nausea, vomiting, and absence of stool or gas expulsion. A Cecal volvulus with lesion in the ascending colon was found. The surgical technique most frequently performed by surgeons for cecal volvulus is right hemicolectomy with transverse ileus anastomosis, but if the volvulus caused intestinal necrosis and the patient is hemodynamically unstable, it is safer to perform intestinal resection and ileostomy. Ascending ileus anastomosis performed at a higher level of the ascending colon is a safe alternative for the restitution of intestinal transit in patients with cecal volvulus.
Tratamiento del paciente séptico
Authors: Michelsen Andrade Mariana , Sánchez Caicedo María José , León Ariza Henry Humberto , García Casallas Julio César , Millán Prada Henry
Published: September 2021

En el módulo de tratamiento del paciente séptico se habla desde el abordaje inicial del paciente con sospecha de sepsis en el ámbito de urgencias, llevando un paso a paso del tratamiento guiado por metas según el tiempo. Se hace referencia a todas las medidas necesarias desde el momento del triage u “hora cero”, donde se debe realizar una evaluación completa del paciente para determinar la prioridad y el tiempo de la atención médica, en la primera hora u “hora dorada”. En esta hora se deben tomar paraclínicos sin retrasar el inicio temprano de antibiótico, ya que esto puede implicar un aumento de la mortalidad, y hay que realizar la reanimación hídrica pertinente considerando el uso de vasopresores, si es necesario. Posteriormente, se habla del proceso de seguimiento, a las 24, 48 y 72 horas, hasta la duración y finalización del manejo antimicrobiano, que puede llegar a los 7 o 10 días. En el módulo se exponen todas las medidas iniciales necesarias para abordar al paciente séptico. Se especifican las diferentes opciones de tratamiento antibiótico empírico de amplio espectro, así como el manejo específico según el lugar anatómico de la infección. Adicionalmente, se ahonda en la reanimación hídrica, los medicamentos vasoactivos, corticoides, hemoderivados, inmunoglobulinas, manejo de la coagulopatía en sepsis y ventilación mecánica, en caso de requerirse.
“I looked upon the Nile”—and the Ebro: Reconstructing the History of Langston Hughes Translations in Spain (1930–1975)
Authors: González Juan Ignacio Guijarro
Published: September 2021

Langston Hughes developed strong ties with Spain, after he spent several months there in 1937 covering the civil war. However, his legacy in that country has never been throroughly examined. This article provides a chronological analysis of how Hughes was translated in Spain between 1930 and 1975, a period in which his reputation notably differed, often for extra-literary reasons. Critical scrutiny will focus both on well-known translations and on others here discussed for the first time, with the aim of exploring Hughes's presence in the Spanish literary system. Attention will be paid to the identity of those translators who made his work available to Spanish readers. Reconstructing the translation history of Langston Hughes should not only illuminate the reception of African American literature and culture in Spain, but also contribute to assessing his legacy in a wider international context.
Col. Adolf Malinowski (1891–1962) MD, PhD, the meritorious Polish military and forensic psychiatrist
Authors: Ilnicki Stanisław
Published: September 2021

Tematem pracy są życie i dokonania płk. dr. med. Adolfa Malinowskiego (1891–1962) w dziedzinie psychiatrii wojskowej i sądowej. Omówiono jego rodowód, przebieg nauki szkolnej i studiów w Cesarskiej Wojskowo‑Medycznej Akademii (VMA) w Petersburgu (2010–2014), służbę lekarza pułkowego w armii rosyjskiej podczas I wojny światowej (1914–1918) i w I Korpusie Polskim (1918) oraz pracę cywilną po demobilizacji (1918–1920). Przedstawiono przebieg służby w Wojsku Polskim: w wojnie polsko‑bolszewickiej 1920 r., w Szpitalu Obszaru Warownego Wilno (1922–1934), Szpitalu Szkolnym CWSan. w Warszawie (1934–1939) oraz w wojnie obronnej 1939 r. Scharakteryzowano jego pracę w Szpitalu Ujazdowskim w okresie okupacji niemieckiej i podczas powstania warszawskiego (1939–1944). Opisano również przebieg służby wojskowej płk. A. Malinowskiego po II wojnie światowej oraz pracę naukowo‑dydaktyczną w Klinice Psychiatrycznej Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku (1947–1954), po zwolnieniu z wojska. Przedstawiono spis jego publikacji naukowych i wybrane z nich cytaty. Przytoczono opinie przełożonych, współpracowników i kolegów, charakteryzujące osobę dr. med. A. Malinowskiego oraz jego etos jako lekarza i oficera WP.
Perkütan Koroner Girişim Uygulanan Hastalarda Müzik ve Doğa Seslerinin Yaşam Bulguları ve Anksiyete Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: YILDIRIM Gülay , OĞUZ Sıdıka
Published: September 2021

Araştırmada Perkütan Koroner Girişim (PKG) yapılan hastalarda işlem öncesi dinletilen makam ve klasik müzik ile doğa seslerinin yaşam bulguları ve anksiyete üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Kasım 2019 – Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında gerekli izinler alınarak yapıldı. Araştırma ön test-son test, kontrol ruplu deneysel çalışma olarak planlandı. Araştırmanın evrenini araştırmanın yapıldığı tarihlerde hastanelerin kardiyoloji servislerinde yatan PKG yapılacak koroner kalp hastaları, örneklemi ise araştırma kriterlerine uygun ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalar oluşturdu. Araştırma 52 deney, 52 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 104 hastayla yapıldı. Veriler “Anket Formu” ve “Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin analizi bilgisayar ortamında istatistiksel analizler yapılarak değerlendirildi. Deney grubu hastaların işlem öncesi ve işlem sonrası yaşam bulguları incelendiğinde solunum ve sıcaklık ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark vardı (sırasıyla; p=,009; p=,003). Deney grubu hastaların işlem öncesi Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği (DKÖ) puan ortalaması 62,2±4,0, işlem sonrası 59,2±3,8 olduğu ve deney grubunun işlem sonrası kaygılarının azaldığı saptandı (p=,000). Kontrol grubu hastaların işlem öncesi DKÖ puan ortalaması 62,7±3,1, işlem sonrası 61,1±4,3 olduğu ve aralarında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulundu (p=,051). Makam müziği ve doğa sesleri dinleyen hastaların işlem sonrası DKÖ puan ortalamalarının düştüğü ve kaygılarının azaldığı belirlendi (sırasıyla; p=,007; p=,000). Klasik müziğin işlem sonrası hastaların durumluk kaygı düzeylerini etkilemediği saptandı (p=,360). Müzik dinleyen deney grubunun işlem öncesi sürekli kaygı düzeyinin kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (p=,008). Müzik ve doğa sesleri PKG öncesi hastaların kaygısını azaltmıştır. Müzik ve doğa sesleri kalp hastaları için kullanılabilecek uygulanabilir, maliyeti olmayan, invaziv girişim gerektirmeyen etkin bir yöntemdir.
NİYAZİ BERKES: YAŞAMI, ESERLERİ VE OSMANLI-TÜRK MODERNLEŞMESİ ÜZERİNE GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: KUMEK İbrahim
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye düşünce tarihine önemli katkılar sunan Niyazi Berkes (1908-1988)’in Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesi yazınındaki yeri ve önemine odaklanılmaktadır. Berkes’in yapıtlarının niteliği ve görüşleri dikkate alınarak etkilendiği çevre ve etkilediği siyasal akımlar incelenmektedir. Onun bilim felsefesi anlayışı ve kullandığı metotlar açıklanmaktadır. Çalışmalarındaki ortak temalar, Osmanlı devlet-toplum yapısı, çağdaşlaşma, Batılılaşma ve din-devlet ilişkileri olarak belirlenmiştir. Osmanlı devlet-toplum yapısını analiz ederken kullandığı “Doğu despotizmi” yaklaşımı ve çağdaşlaşmanın özü olarak gördüğü sekülerleşme dinamiği irdelenmektedir. Çalışmada, Berkes’in Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesindeki krizler üzerine çözümlemeleri ve yorumları çerçevesinde siyasal düşünceler tarihine olan katkıları ortaya konmak hedeflenmektedir. Berkes’in düşünceleri bilhassa telif eserleri olmak üzere birincil kaynaklar üzerinden incelenirken, onun hakkında yapılmış ikincil kaynaklar da dikkate alınmıştır.
fim das coligações partidárias a partir da emenda constitucional nº 97/2017
Authors: Angelo Aranega Garcia Miguel , Carmo Valter Moura do
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as consequências da vedação de coligações partidárias nas eleições proporcionais a partir da promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 97/2017. Nesse contexto discorreu-se sobre a formação e funcionamento dos partidos políticos com a Reforma Eleitoral de 1979, ainda durante o último governo militar, e como se seguiu a vida partidária nacional com a redemocratização do país e a consolidação do sistema democrático brasileiro. A fim de dissertar sobre o tema, dedicou-se à pesquisa exploratória a partir de levantamento bibliográfico. Assim, demostrou-se o funcionamento do sistema eleitoral proporcional no Brasil e como vigora a eleição destinada a preencher os cargos em disputa nas Casas Legislativas. Pauta-se o estudo deste artigo por uma análise crítica do instituto da coligação partidária, os motivos de sua proibição e consequências eleitorais dessa vedação a partir das eleições a serem realizadas no ano de 2020. Por fim, também considerou-se a influência dessa vedação no rearranjo dos partidos políticos nacionais.
Memnoir
Authors: Retallack Joan
Published: September 2021

Memnoir is a poetic labyrinth created out of curiosity and dread. Scene of the precarious equilibrium formed when a myth-filled present tense encounters long hidden truths. Truths that endure in memories inflected by film noir, family noir, playground noir, classical noir, racial noir. . . . composed with Retallack's redemptive asymmetries of gravitas and humor. A reader enters Memnoir, beginning with the vaudevillian repartee of Mem and Noir, continuing on with Curiosity as guide to encounters with Eurydice, Cervantes, Ovid, "God & AIDS . . . & Elephants & Castles & pop goes the weasel on the way home from school." (Snippets of science, philosophy and music intersect along the way.) Pages later, you will exit this puzzle with an odd set of instructions that (be warned) may or may not change your life.
derecho fundamental a la intimidad en El Salvador: una aproximación doctrinal y jurisprudencial y su conflicto con otros derechos
Authors: Santos García Sandra Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

El origen del derecho a la intimidad se ubica en la época en que surgen todos los derechos de libertad, período en el cual los seres humanos se preocupan por su individualidad. Esa inquietud por proteger la interioridad se vio plasmada en las primeras declaraciones de derechos, propias del Constitucionalismo Liberal. Sin embargo, en la actualidad el derecho a la intimidad deja de ser una mera libertad, y ya no solo exige el respeto mediante la abstención de los demás, sino que su titular tiene un papel más activo, buscando tener el control de su información y a la cual no desea que se tenga acceso, ya que eso le permite interactuar en sociedad sin comprometer su vida privada. En ese sentido, es relevante conocer el concepto de la privacy norteamericana, su influencia en el Derecho Comparado y en los pronunciamientos del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. De igual manera, también es de utilidad conocer cómo la Sala de lo Constitucional y el Instituto de Acceso a la Información Pública de El Salvador habían abordado el tema de las intromisiones en el derecho a la intimidad y el conflicto con otros derechos fundamentales.
n. 44 - AS LUTAS DOS PROFESSORES PARANAENSES ENTRE OS ANOS DE 1988 A 2015 POR CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO: CONFLITOS E CONSENSOS, REPRESSÕES E RESISTÊNCIAS
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Diego de
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo contextualizar histórica e politicamente as lutas dos professores do Paraná, entre os anos de 1988 a 2015, por condições de trabalho, e compõe uma pesquisa sobre o Trabalho e a Formação dos Professores de Biologia no Estado do Paraná. Os dados são oriundos da pesquisa documental e em registros fotográficos de jornais, foram analisados qualitativamente a partir do método do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético. Constatou-se que, nas fotografias que remetem a 27 anos de lutas docentes, as contradições que permeiam a realidade são construídas historicamente e cumprem a função de naturalizar e formar um consenso na população, que mascara a irresponsabilidade do Estado e culpabiliza os professores nas lutas políticas por melhores condições de trabalho.
Kajian perbandingan kalangan pelajar Institusi Pengajian Tinggi terhadap simptom stres yang dialami ketika sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam talian era Covid-19
Authors: Daud Zainora , Mohd Haridi Noorhafizah , Alias Norazman , Hasin Anuar
Published: September 2021

Pandemik Covid-19 yang melanda dunia sehingga hari ini berpunca daripada koronavirus sindrom pernafasan akut teruk 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ini mendatangkan suatu implikasi yang amat besar dalam aspek sosial, ekonomi, pendidikan dan sebagainya. Bagi mengelakkan penularan virus ini secara berleluasa, pihak Kementerian Pendidikan bersama-sama pelbagai pihak lain telah memutuskan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara atas talian. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuat perbandingan simptom stres dalam kalangan para huffaz dalam bidang pengkhususan qiraat. Simptom stres terbahagi kepada fizikal, psikologikal, gangguan fikiran dan tingkah laku. Namun simptom-simptom ini memberi implikasi yang positif dan negatif dalam kehidupan individu. Implikasi positif membentuk jati diri dan motivasi pelajar ke arah kecemerlangan dalam bidang yang dipilih, akan tetapi jika mendatangkan implikasi negatif, ini akan mendorong para pelajar kepada aktiviti-aktiviti yang tidak sihat yang boleh menjejaskan kualiti pembelajaran mereka. Responden kajian terdiri daripada para pelajar di USIM dan KUIS. Pengumpulan data berdasarkan instrumen soal selidik dan kaedah analisis deskriptif yang digunakan ialah kekerapan dan peratusan bagi mengenalpasti latar belakang pelajar dan meninjau gejala stres yang dialami para pelajar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa simptom-simptom stres antara kedua-dua institusi berada di tahap yang berbeza. Bagi responden USIM menunjukkan bahawa tahap simptom stres mereka berada di tahap sederhana dengan mencatatkan ketiga-tiga konstruk berada di tahap sederhana tetapi konstruk simptom stres dalam aspek tingkah laku berada di tahap tinggi. Manakala bagi responden KUIS mencatatkan analisis keseluruhannya berada di tahap rendah dengan hasil semua konstruk berada di tahap rendah. Ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap stres dipengaruhi dengan keadaan persekitaran, keadaan dan persepsi diri individu itu sendiri. Kesimpulannya stres memainkan peranan yang penting dalam melahirkan modal insan yang mempunyai motivasi diri yang tinggi dalam kalangan pelajar walaupun ketika menghadapi waktu getir dengan pengurusan stress mereka berdasarkan panduan Islam.