bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delta Oscillation Coupled Propagating Fast Ripples Precede Epileptiform Discharges
Authors: Weiss Shennan , Sheybani Laurent , Seenarine Nitish , Fried Itzhak , Sharan Ashwini , Wu Chengyuan , Engel Jerome , Sperling Michael , Nir Yuval , Staba Richard
Published: May 2022

Epilepsy can be considered a network disorder in which distinct and sometimes widespread brain regions coordinate their activity to generate seizures. Fast ripples (200-600 Hz) are associated with epileptogenic brain tissue and play critical roles in the epileptic network. Using macroelectrode stereo EEG recordings from a cohort of 46 patients we found that propagating fast ripples exhibited a distinct frequency and larger power (p<1e-4) and were strongly phase coupled to the peak of delta oscillation DOWN states during non-REM sleep (p<1e-10). Fast ripple propagation in the seizure onset zone often was followed by an epileptiform spike (p<0.05). Thus, under the premise that GABA-mediated depolarizing potentials generate fast ripples, our results indicate that fast ripple propagation is representative of increased neuronal recruitment of pathologically interconnected neurons overcoming surround inhibition to activate neighboring pathologic neurons and promote epileptiform discharges. These results support the epileptic network and inhibitory restraint hypotheses of seizure genesis.
Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Poultry Diseases in Zimbabwe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gobvu Vimbai , Pote William , Poshiwa Xavier , Benhura Mudadi Albert
Published: May 2022

Poultry farming represents an important sector for the livelihood of rural communities in Zimbabwe. Farmers raise poultry in order to meet demands on household food and as additional sources of income. However, the production of birds is hampered by a variety of diseases. The impact of diseases is severe for poor communities who have limited access to modern veterinary services and, therefore, rely on indigenous medicines for the treatment of livestock ailments. Here we review the medicinal plants that are used for the treatment of poultry diseases in Zimbabwe. A systematic web search and review was conducted on research literature relating to medicinal plants that are used for the treatment of poultry diseases in Zimbabwe. Data were collected from a total of 15 Zimbabwean studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. Data from published studies lacking information on study area, scientific names of plants and without information about plants that are used to treat poultry diseases were excluded. Relevant ethnoveterinary information was analysed and summarized in tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Fifty-three plants were used among the non-commercial poultry producers in Zimbabwe. Most of the plants used for treating poultry belonged to the Fabaceae family followed by Solanaceae. Cited in 14 studies, Aloe species were the most widely used plant. Leaves were the most widely used part of the plant for treatment. The most widely used method of preparing plant material for treatment was crushing. Geographical and cross-cultural linkage contributes to knowledge sharing. There is need to conduct more field surveys to document more plants used in different parts of the country. It would be useful to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of the various plant materials under clearly defined experimental conditions. The ultimate aim would be to isolate and identify potentially useful compounds.
Serum biomarkers discovery of steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis in Chinese female by comparative proteome
Authors: Zeng Ping , Zhang Chongxing , Li Tao
Published: May 2022

Background: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH) is a disabling, aseptic and ischemic disease due to excessive glucocorticoids (GCs) usage. SONFH patients are commonly asymptomatic, which makes its early diagnosis a challenge, the pathological mechanisms of SONFH are not well-known, the purpose of the present study was to screen diagnostic biomarkers for SONFH. Methods: The differential expression of serum proteins from SONFH, traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TONFH) patients and healthy volunteers (CK) in Chinese females was compared using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, and potential diagnostic biomarkers were verified by western blotting. Results: Bioinformatics analyses revealed key proteins, pathways, and domains differentially regulated among SONFH, TONFH and healthy volunteers in Chinese females, the results showed that peptidase S1, fibrinogen, transferrin, lipid transport domains, hematopoietic cell lineage, fat digestion, absorption, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways were associated with the development of SONFH. C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA1), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), and dopamine beta-hydroxylase were selected for verification of differential expression using western blotting. Conclusions: Our data suggest that dysfunction of hematopoietic cell lineage, adhesion, fat digestion and absorption, PPAR pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of SONFH, serum proteins SAA1, ORM1 could be used as new potential diagnostic biomarkers for SONFH.
Clinical efficacy and imaging analysis for the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar infections in elderly patients
Authors: Zhong Yanlong , Tang Benyu , Lai Qi , Sheng Yonghong , Li Chao , Guo Jia , Luo Shiwei , Yao Haoqun , Wan Zongmiao
Published: May 2022

BackgroundFew reports have been conducted to comparing surgical results and safety evaluations between the different types of infections in geriatric patients with thoracolumbar infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for thoracolumbar infections in elderly patients.Methods21 patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) and 26 patients with tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TS) were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated using one-stage posterior debridement, decompression, and pedicle screw fixation. Comparison of operative safety parameters between the two groups. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, the short form (SF)-36 survey and Oswestry disability index (ODI) to determine patient quality of life pre- and post-operatively. Results Hospitalisation and intensive care unit duration in the PS group were significantly shorter than in the TS group (P<0.05). The total incidence of post-operative complications for both groups was 44.7%. More complications occurred in the TS group, but the difference was not significant. The VAS and SF-36 scores (physical component) were significantly better in the PS group six months post-operatively, and the SF-36 (mental component) scores were significantly better in the PS group at the one-year follow-up. Neurological status in both groups improved post-operatively, and 83% of the patients were satisfied with the results of their operation. Imaging results showed that bone graft fusion improved in both groups at six months, one year and at the final follow-up. ConclusionOne-stage posterior debridement, decompression, interbody fusion, and internal fixation can be considered a safe and effective method of treating spinal infections in the elderly. This method can improve nerve function, reconstruct spinal stability, and enhance the quality of life of elderly patients. Both PS and TS who underwent surgery achieve similar clinical and radiological results.
Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries
Authors: Prehal Christian , Sujata Jean-Marc , Talian Sara Drvarič , Vizintin Alen , Dominko Robert , Amenitsch Heinz , Porcar Lionel , Freunberger Stefan , Wood Vanessa
Published: May 2022

Insufficient understanding of the mechanism that reversibly converts sulfur into lithium sulfide (Li2S) via soluble polysulfides (PS) hampers the realization of high performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells. Typically Li2S formation is explained by direct electroreduction of a PS to Li2S; however, this is not consistent with the size and shape of the insulating Li2S deposits. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to track the growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during charge and discharge. Stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantification of the chemical phase evolution during discharge and charge. We show that the deposit is comprised of nanocrystalline Li2S and smaller, solid short-chain PS particles, which we argue are likely Li2S2. Our data are consistent with solid Li2S2 precipitating from solution and then being converted in the solid-state to Li2S, probably via direct electroreduction and chemical diffusion through the Li2S2 particle network. Solution-mediated Li2S2 precipitation, therefore, controls the Li2S/Li2S2 aggregate structure. Discharge capacity and rate capability in Li-S battery cathodes are limited by mass transport rather than electron transport through a thin passivating surface film. Capacity and rate capability are thus influenced by are species solvation, mobility, and applied current density. The found mechanism also explains why in practice not all S is converted to Li2S; a certain amount of Li2S2 remains as a second solid phase.
Problems of applying the world experience of EPCМ contracts in Russia
Authors:   , Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Glebova А. , Vasiliev I. ,   EXIMBANK of Russia, Moscow
Published: May 2022

Nowadays the most common type of contracts for the implementation of large infrastructure projects in various fields are EPC/EPCM contracts (engineering, procurement, construction, management). However, these are new tools for domestic practice. The EPCM contract is of particular interest to Russian contractors. Among the obvious advantages, among which we can highlight the complexity of the solution provided for the customer, leveling risks in the case of using an EPC contract, the absence of the need to search and work with many subcontractors, the authors can note the usefulness of such a form of interaction for increasing foreign investment, modernizing the domestic economy: increasing exports of high-tech products and the presence of Russian enterprises in foreign markets. The purpose of the presented research is to identify the problems that cause the backlog of Russian engineering companies in the implementation of infrastructure EPCM projects in the high-tech industry, and to develop ways to solve them. The object of the research is Russian enterprises of the high-tech industry; the aim is to identify the possibilities of EPCM contracts and their application in the framework of the implementation of high–tech projects by Russian contractors. When conducting the research, the authors used the following research methods: a complex approach, a systematic and logical analysis of economic phenomena, a method of comparative analysis. The authors grouped the factors that complicate the signing of EPCM contracts by Russian contractors, identified the risks of implementing such projects. The key directions for the elimination of problems associated with the implementation of infrastructure projects in Russia are highlighted. In a comparative analysis of the Russian and international practices of concluding EPCM contracts, it is possible to identify significant differences in the approaches to order fulfillment and the distribution of responsibility of the parties. The key factor of such a difference is the Russian model of self-regulation of engineering. The authors believe that in the Russian legislation it is necessary to coordinate structural changes in approaches to the conclusion of such contracts, approve a clear list of obligations of the parties under the EPCM form contract and approve the absence of the possibility of making key changes to the contract, including those related to the purpose and scope of work performed.
Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Softwood Broadleaves in Southwestern Serbia
Authors: Hadrović Sabahudin , Jovanović Filip , Braunović Sonja , Mitrović Tatjana Ćirković , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Jandrić Mersida , Hadrović Dina
Published: May 2022

To select softwood broadleaves for biomass cropping, a study of the carbon and nitrogen content of the bark and wood of six softwood broadleaves in southwestern Serbia was conducted. Compared with white willow, european aspen, common alder, black poplar, and silver birch, goat willow has a high potential for carbon storage in bark and wood, representing a promising softwood broadleaf for biomass production.
Ethylene Inhibits Sprouting of Onion Bulbs during Long-term Storage
Authors: Forney Charles F. , Cue Kristen , Fillmore Sherry
Published: May 2022

The protrusion of sprouts is a major cause of loss of dry onions (Allium cepa L.) during extended storage. Sprouting is conventionally suppressed by treating onions with maleic hydrazide (MH) before harvest. More recently, ethylene was reported to inhibit sprout growth in stored onions, but commercial use of ethylene has been limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ethylene on sprout suppression of five commercial cultivars of onions during storage and compare its effectiveness with and without MH treatment. Onions treated with MH were stored for up to 9 months at 1 °C in atmospheres with and without ethylene in a series of experiments conducted over six seasons. Differences in sprout elongation and protrusion were observed during storage in air among the five cultivars. Storage in ethylene was effective in inhibiting sprout elongation and root growth of onion bulbs in all cultivars, with concentrations of 7 µL·L−1 ethylene being more effective than 1 µL·L−1 ethylene. Delaying application of ethylene by 4 months was less effective in inhibiting sprout elongation than continuous treatment. Ethylene provided greater sprout suppression than MH treatments alone and could serve as a replacement for MH.
Raman analysis of octocoral carbonate ion structural disorder along a natural depth gradient, Kona coast, Hawai‘i
Authors: Conner Kyle , Sharma Shiv , Uchiyama Ryohei , Tanaka Kentaro , Murakami-Sugihara Naoko , Shirai Kotaro , Kahng Samuel
Published: May 2022

Both environmental and physiological factors cause carbonate ion structural disorder in biogenic Mg-calcites. A major component of this disorder is driven by the incorporation of Mg through environmental forcing and growth rate kinetics although non-Mg factors (e.g., other cation/anion impurities, organic molecules) also contribute. Understanding the drivers of Mg content in biogenic calcite and its effects on disorder has implications for octocoral Mg paleo-proxies and the stability and diagenetic alteration of their calcitic skeletons. However, prior studies of biogenic Mg-calcites have often been complicated by sampling inconsistencies over space and time and potential intra-sample Mg variability. This study aims to analyze the relative contributing factors of octocoral Mg-calcite structural disorder along gradients of both depth and growth rate. Calcitic octocorals (Coralliidae and Keratoisididae, N = 28) were collected from 221–823 m depths across a natural gradient in biogeochemical parameters (pH: 7.4–7.9, T: 5–16 °C) off the Kona coast of Hawai‘i Island and were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Samples were collected during the same month, controlling for potential seasonal variability. Raman spectral parameters from the ν1 peak quantified total carbonate ion structural disorder (full-width at half maximum height [FWHM] of ν1) and Mg content (ν1 position, Raman shift). The total structural disorder was then partitioned into Mg-driven and non-Mg driven components (residual ν1 FWHM). The total structural disorder and Mg content decreased significantly with increasing depth, correlating with temperature and carbonate system parameters. The Mg-temperature relationships from this study were also consistent with prior studies. Non-Mg structural disorder did not correlate to any environmental parameters. When measured across an intra-sample gradient of ontogenetic growth rate, total structural disorder, Mg content, and non-Mg structural disorder increased with growth rate for all but one taxon, demonstrating the kinetic effect of growth rate as well as potential taxon-specific physiological effects. These results provide insight into how environmental and growth rate kinetic effects independently affect different components of carbonate ion structural disorder (Mg content and non-Mg factors). These findings also suggest that Raman spectroscopy may be helpful in quantifying solubility within biogenic calcites.
Lecture notes on Berry phases and topology
Authors: Bradlyn Barry , Iraola Mikel
Published: May 2022

In these notes, we review the role of Berry phases and topology in noninteracting electron systems. Topics including the adiabatic theorem, parallel transport, and Wannier functions are reviewed, with a focus on the connection to topological insulators.
Effect of slope on energy dissipation for flow over a stepped spillway
Authors: Salmasi Farzin , Abraham John
Published: May 2022

In a stepped spillway, the spillway face is provided with a series of steps from near the crest to the toe. This type of spillway is attractive for water resource management because it dissipates energy that is within the flow. When energy is dissipated by the steps, it reduces the energy reduction that otherwise must occur at the toe of the spillway. In the present study, nine physical stepped spillway models with slopes of 15, 25, 45° and with a number of steps varying from 5 to 50 have been constructed. The crest of the spillways have standard Ogee profiles and a constant slope extends from the crest to the spillway toe. Two different-sized flumes were used in the experiments (25 and 50 cm wide). Several physical models have been constructed in order to measure the energy dissipation. The purpose of this research is to investigate energy dissipation rate in spillways with different slopes. It was found that the two most important dimensionless factors influencing energy dissipation are the Froude number and q2/(gHdam3). The spillway slope and step number have less impact on the rate of energy dissipation. However, for a constant discharge over a stepped spillway, increasing spillway slope, and increasing the number of steps will increase the energy dissipation. Using multiple regressions, some useful relations for determination energy dissipating are obtained.
Optimization of the raw materials of biochars for the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Hao , Ma Nan , Zhou Beihai , Chen Huilun , Yuan Rongfang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the material types were preferentially selected for different kinds of heavy metals, the effect of calcination temperatures on metal adsorption was investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was explored and summarized. The results show that the pseudo-first-order kinetic was better to fit the adsorption of heavy metals. The biomass type and pyrolysis temperature had an effect on the rate at which heavy metals were absorbed. Based on their adsorbed capacity, 350 °C pyrolyzed corn stalk char, 550 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell char, 450 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell char, 450 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell char, and 500 °C pyrolyzed wheat stalk char were shown to be the best adsorbents for , Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The largest adsorption rate were in the order of Cr6+ (, 0.5380 /min) > Pb2+ (0.2276 /min) > Cd2+ (0.1354 /min) > Cu2+ (0.1273 /min) > Zn2+ (0.1000 /min), which might be positively related to the ion radius. Meanwhile, the yield of biomass decreased from 43.9% to 29.0% with the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 350 °C to 550 °C. In addition, the specific surface area and functional groups of the biochar, as well as the ionic radius and initial concentration of heavy metals affect the adsorption rate.
The regime of constructed wetlands in greywater treatment
Authors: Uthirakrishnan Ushani , Manthapuri Vineeth , Harafan Afrah , Chellam Padmanaban Velayudhaperumal , Karuppiah Tamilarasan
Published: May 2022

There is an excellent need for supply-side threats due to the enhanced degradation and reclamation of existing water bodies in the present scenario. This led to the global water crisis. One of the easiest ways to fulfil the growing need for freshwater is the recycling of wastewater. Greywater is a form of wastewater from households, industries, etc., with some less toxic materials. The recycling of this greywater has provoked the development of new and sustainable technologies to meet the growing water demand. Engineered constructed wetlands are considered one of the most economically practical processes to treat greywater due to its minimal footprint. In this case study, we summarize several categories of constructed wetlands, operating conditions, and the effects of biological, physical, and chemical aspects of greywater on their treatment performance. On the other hand, the effluent quality from diverse wetlands is also summarized. Furthermore, it would be better to consider that constructed wetlands’ integrated performance with disinfection may improve the effluent quality to desirable standards.
Investigations on the Biological Activity of Allium sativum Agglutinin
(ASA) Isolated from Garlic
Authors: Sharma Shally , Singh Desh Deepak
Published: May 2022

Background:

Garlic (Allium sativum) from the family Amaryllidaceae is widely used in
culinary and is reported to have potential anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and
cardioprotective activities. Allium sativum agglutinin (ASA) is a bulb-type lectin (BTL) domaincontaining
lectin isolated from garlic and has been studied for its various biological functions.
Previous studies have reported the anti-cancer effects of ASA on histiocytic lymphoma (U937),
promyelocytic leukemia (HL60), and oral cancer (KB).

Methods:

In this study, we have purified and characterized ASA and evaluated it for its anticancer
effects on other cancer cell lines. MTT assay and FACS analysis was done to corroborate the
anticancer findings against cervical (HeLa) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines.

Results:

IC50 value of 37 μg/ml in HeLa and a weak activity (26.4 ± 1.9% cellular inhibition at
100μg/ml treatment) in A549 were found in the MTT assay. FACS analysis further corroborated
these findings and showed the apoptotic effects of ASA in these cell lines.

Conclusion:

Anticancer activity for members of bulb-type lectin (BTL) domain-containing lectins
has been widely reported, and we hope that our study forms a basis for the development of ASA as
a therapeutic agent.
A Potential Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders
by Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Brain
Authors: Xie Wei-Song , Shehzadi Kiran , Ma Hong-Le , Liang Jian-Hua
Published: May 2022

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a multistage mechanism that continues
throughout the lifespan of human and non-human mammals. These adult-born neurons in
the central nervous system (CNS) play a significant role in various hippocampus-dependent
processes, including learning, mood regulation, pattern recognition, etc. Reduction
of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, caused by multiple factors such as neurological disorders
and aging, would impair neuronal proliferation and differentiation and result in memory
loss. Accumulating studies have indicated that functional neuron impairment could
be restored by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this review, we summarized
the small molecules that could efficiently promote the process of adult neurogenesis,
particularly the agents that have the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB),
and showed in vivo efficacy in mammalian brains. This may pave the way for the rational
design of drugs to treat human neurodegenerative disorders in the future.
An Updated Review on Properties, Nanodelivery Systems, and Analytical Methods
for the Determination of 5-Fluorouracil in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples
Authors: dos Santos Aline Martins , Junior Alberto Gomes Tavares , Carvalho Suzana Gonçalves , Chorilli Marlus
Published: May 2022

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite drug used for over 70 years as first-line chemotherapy to
treat various types of cancer, such as head, neck, breast, and colorectal cancer. 5-FU acts mainly by inhibiting
thymidylate synthase, thereby interfering with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication or by 5-FU incorporating
into DNA, causing damage to the sequence of nucleotides. Being analogous to uracil, 5-FU enters cells using
the same transport mechanism, where a is converted into active metabolites such as fluorouridine triphosphate
(FUTP), fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), and fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP).
Currently, there are several nano delivery systems being developed and evaluated at the preclinical level to
overcome existing limitations to 5-FU chemotherapy, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric
micelles, nanoemulsions, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, it is essential
to choose and develop suitable analytical methods for the quantification of 5-FU and its metabolites (5-
fluorouridine and 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine) in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Among the analytical
techniques, chromatographic methods are commonly the most used for the quantification of 5-FU from different
matrices. However, other analytical methods have also been developed for the determination of 5-FU, such
as electrochemical methods, a sensitive, selective, and precise technique, in addition to having a reduced cost.
Here, we first review the physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, and advances in 5-FU nanodelivery
systems. Next, we summarize the current progress of other chromatographic methods described to determine 5-
FU. Lastly, we discuss the advantages of electrochemical methods for the identification and quantification of 5-
FU and its metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Recent Advances in [5+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Harry Nissy Ann , Mohanan Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil
Published: May 2022

The existence of a seven-membered cyclic core in several natural products and
biomolecules vitalized the research on its synthesis. [5+2] cycloaddition has become a promising
strategy for the construction of seven-membered ring systems by the formation of carboncarbon
bonds in a single step, with strong regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This review
mainly focuses on recent developments in the area of [5+2] cycloaddition since 2019. Total
synthesis of natural products involving [5+2] cycloaddition as a key step leading to the heptacyclic
core has also been discussed. Synthesis of fused and bridged ring systems via the reactions
involving inter and intramolecular [5+2] cycloadditions like oxidopyrylium-mediated
[5+2] cycloadditions, [5+2] cycloadditions of vinyl cyclopropanes (VCPs), vinyl phenols, etc.
is explained in the review with the latest examples. This review provides a useful guide for
researchers exploring this powerful strategy to create more elegant heptacycles in their future research.
A Case Report of Burkholderia mallei Infection Leading to Pneumonia
Authors: Peng Min , Cheng Junfen , Liu Wang , Yao Weimin , He Guanfeng , Zeng Yu , He Qizhong , Liu Tuxuan , Li Nanhong , Lin Hui , Zeng Muhong , Li Yonglong
Published: May 2022

Background:

Glanders is a rare zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. Humans
can be infected by B. mallei, which causes cutaneous lymphadenitis and pneumonia, leading
to sepsis and death in severe cases.

Case presentation:

We report a case of a 60-year-old male who was diagnosed with glanders. The
patient who had a history of diabetes presented with cough, expectoration, and fever. Computed
tomography (CT) imaging showed B. mallei infection in the right upper lobe of the lung with mediastinal
lymph node involvement and the lingual segment of the left lung. Moreover, the posterior
basal segment of the lower lobe of both lungs had inflammation. Subsequently, B. mallei infection
was confirmed by lymph node biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage multiplex PCR-based targeted
gene sequencing. After meropenem treatment, the patient was discharged, and CT imaging showed
reduced absorption of pulmonary inflammatory lesions.

Conclusions:

Glanders is a rare disease that can cause skin infection, lymphadenitis, and pneumonia,
and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. The diagnosis of this disease mainly relies on
microbiological culture and pathological biopsy. Diagnosis is also facilitated by multiplex PCRbased
targeted gene sequencing. Glanders is treated with cephalosporins, carbapenems, and other
sensitive antibiotics.
Screening of Key Part in IFN Pathway for Herpes Zoster: Evidence from
Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wu Jie , Li Zimeng , Huang Shijie , Pan Zhengqi , Huang Jing
Published: May 2022

Background:

Herpes zoster is one of the most common diseases in middle and old ages,
and the incidence rate is constantly increasing. Long-term, severe neuropathological pain continues
to afflict the patients, causing trouble and even the inability to live a normal life. Since the occurrence
and development of herpes zoster are related to many mechanisms, there is no uniform conclusion
and specific treatment method, and only a limited number of people are currently vaccinated
against HZ.

Objective:

This study aimed at exploring the potential mechanism or biomarkers for Herpes zoster.

Method:

In this study, a data set GSE165112 containing 12 samples was downloaded, out of
which, 6 samples were treated with interferon, and 6 samples were not treated. Differentially expressed
genes (DEG) analysis, KEGG, GO enrichment analysis, and GSEA were carried out.

Results:

A total of 264 DEGs were identified, including 32 uP-regulated DEGs and 232 downregulated
DEGs. DEGs are mainly enriched in immune response, inflammatory response, chemotaxis,
etc. Four key pathways were found to be related to HZ, including IL2-STAT5 signaling, inflammatory
response, TNF-a signaling via NF-κB, and IFN-α. Moreover, ten hub genes were also
identified.

Conclusion:

This study shows that exploring DEGs and pathways through bioinformatics analysis
is of great significance for understanding the molecular mechanism of HZ, especially the defect of
the IFN pathway. It may be helpful in improving the treatment for HZ.
WITHDRAWN: LncRNA USP1 Knockdown Weakens the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via Modulating UBAP2L-Smad7-TGF-β Pathway
Authors: Chai Rui , Tu Shi-Liang , Chen Sheng , Gao Shan , Dong Quan-Jin , Wan Zi-Ang
Published: May 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Predicting Glioma Cell Differentiation-inducing Drugs Using a Drug
Repositioning Strategy
Authors: Ye Yan-Rong , Tang Zhao-Qi
Published: May 2022

Background:

Currently, there are no effective differentiation-inducing agents for gliomas.
Drug repositioning is a time-saving, low-risk, and low-cost drug development strategy. In this
study, drugs that could induce the differentiation of glioma cells were searched by using a drug repositioning
strategy.

Method:

Data mining was used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The STRING
11.0 database was used for enrichment analysis. The Connectivity Map database was used for drug
screening. The ChEMBL and STITCH databases were used to search for drug targets. The
SwissDock database was used for molecular docking.

Results:

A total of 45 DEGs were identified. The biological processes in which the DEGs were enriched
mainly involved nervous system development and the regulation of biological processes.
The enriched molecular functions mainly involved transcription-related molecular binding. The enriched
cellular components mainly involved membrane-bound organelles and cellular protrusions.
The enriched local network clusters mainly involved autophagy, the retinoic acid signalling pathway,
and DNA methylation. The drug screening results showed that the drug with the highest score
was acenocoumarol. A total of 12 acenocoumarol targets were obtained, among which histone
deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was the target with the highest degree value; the lowest ΔG value for
acenocoumarol docked with HDAC1 was -7.52 kcal/mol, which was between those of the HDAC1
inhibitors romidepsin and vorinostat.

Conclusion:

Acenocoumarol may be a potential differentiation-inducing agent for glioma cells.
Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Assessment Reveals Epigenetic Regulation
of WRKY Genes in Response to Magnaporthe oryzae Infection
in Rice
Authors: Hu Yongfeng , Luo Qiong , Xu Yan , Miao Yuanxin , Tian Xuejun , Wang Qihai
Published: May 2022

Background:

Histone acetylations acting as active hallmarks for gene transcription is involved
in regulating numerous developmental and stress-responsive gene expression.

Methods:

The data from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed by using
histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) antibody, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) utilizing rice
seedlings inoculated by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) were integrated.

Results:

RNA-seq data revealed that 422, 460 and 466 genes were up-regulated at 12h, 24h and 48h
after inoculation. ChIP-seq data showed that 60%-80% of blast up-regulated genes at different time
points were marked with H3K9ac, which was prone to be enriched in both TSS and gene body region.
However, the H3K9ac level at a rather small proportion of the up-regulated genes was elevated after
M. oryzae inoculation. We found that seven WRKY genes induced by rice blast fungus harbor
H3K9ac. For different WRKY genes, blast fungus induction led to the increase of H3K9ac in distinct
regions, including promoter, TSS or gene body, indicating that histone acetylation may play diverse
roles in the activation of defense-related genes. By searching DNA-binding motifs of transcription factors
in the promoter of genes with increased H3K9ac after M. oryzae infection, we found that ERF
family protein-binding motifs were enriched with high -log P-value (>20), including ERF1, DEAR3,
DREB2C, RAP2.6, RRTF1_3ARY, all of which contain GCC-box (GCCGCC).

Conclusion:

In this study, we revealed that the vast majority of genes induced by fungus M. oryzae
were marked with H3K9ac preferring both TSS and gene body regions. However, H3K9ac enrichment
was increased, responding to M. oryzae inoculation only at a low proportion of these genes, including
several WRKY genes. Besides, for different genes, the increment of H3K9ac occurred in different regions.
Finally, ERF proteins that have been proved to bind GCC-box might be one of the potential
transcription factors for recruiting histone acetyltransferases to deposit histone acetylation at defenserelated
genes in rice.
The Emerging Role of LncRNA FENDRR in Multiple Cancers: A
Review
Authors: Fazaeli Hoda , Sheikholeslami Azar , Ghasemian Fatemeh , Amini Elaheh , Sheykhhasan Mohsen
Published: May 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prominent as crucial regulators of tumor establishment and are repeatedly dysregulated in multiple cancers. Therefore, lncRNAs have been identified to play an essential function in carcinogenesis and progression of cancer at genetic and epigenetic levels. FENDRR (fetal-lethal noncoding developmental regulatory RNA) as an LncRNA is a hallmark of various malignancies. FENDRR is crucial for multiple organs' development such as lung and heart. The effects of FENDRR under signaling pathways in different cancers have been identified. In addition, it has been verified that FENDRR can affect the development and progression of various cancers. In addition, FENDRR expression has been associated with epigenetic regulation of target genes participating in tumor immunity. Furthermore, FENDRR downregulation was observed in various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, osteosarcoma, and cutaneous malignant melanoma cells.
Here, we review the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of FENDRR in several cancers and, we will discuss its potential as a cancer biomarker and as a probable option for cancer treatment.
Ferroptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yin Jumei , Meng Xingqi , Peng Lixuan , Xie Wei , Liu Xuan , He Weiguo , Li Suyun
Published: May 2022

Traditional treatment strategies for cancer are unsatisfactory. As a nonapoptotic
cell death process and owning to the characteristics of iron-dependent lipid
peroxide accumulation, ferroptosis has become a new target of tumor treatment.
Numerous studies have proved that ferroptosis could enhance the immunogenicity of
cancer and interact with immune cells. Cancer antigens, exposed to cancer cells that
underwent ferroptosis, effectively improve the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment
and promote the activation and maturation of immune cells. Meantime,
immune cells release immunostimulatory cytokines including TNF-α and IFN-γ to
downregulate the expression of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, and reduce the absorption of
cysteine, leading to lipid peroxidation and iron deposition in cancer cells. Consequently,
induction of ferroptosis via iron deposition-based combination strategies could stimulate
and activate natural and adaptive immune responses which release immune-stimulating
factors to induce iron deposition in cancer cells. In this review, we provided a critical
analysis of the correlation between ferroptosis and the immune responses, providing a
novel way to effectively induce ferroptosis in cancer, which may be one of the focuses in
future to improve the development of new therapeutic strategies of cancer.
Development of a Novel Pomegranate Polysaccharide Nanoemulsion Formulation
with Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antitumor Properties
Authors: Sadek Shimaa A. , Hoseny Samah S. , Soliman Amel M. , Fahmy Sohair R.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious gastrointestinal cancers in Africa
and its prevention is a pronounced challenge in contemporary medicine worldwide.

Objective:

The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsion drug delivery system using pomegranate
polysaccharides (PGPs) as an alternative cancer remedy, and then the evaluated its biological activities.

Methods:

The PGPs yield and chemical composition were evaluated, and then a PGPs nanoemulsion
(PGPs-NE) was prepared using the self-emulsification technique with an oil phase. The physicochemical
characterization of PGPs-NE was then analyzed. The in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities,
and antitumor potency of PGPs and PGPs-NE were also evaluated.

Results:

The PGPs yield was 10%. The total sugar and protein content of PGPs was 44.66 mg/dl and
19.83μg/ml, respectively. PGPs were mainly composed of five monosaccharides including fructose,
glucose, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose. Concerning physiochemical characterization, the formulated
PGPs-NE had three optical absorption bands at 202, 204, and 207nm and a transmittance of 80%.
Its average hydrodynamic particle size was 9.5nm, with a PDI of less than 0.2 and a negative zeta potential
(-30.6 mV). The spherical shape of PGPs-NE was confirmed by a transmission electron microscope
study, with an average size of less than 50 nm. Additionally, the method used to prepare the
PGPs-NE formulation provided high entrapment efficiency (92.82%). The current study disclosed that
PGPs-NE exhibited strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent potency compared to
that of free PGPs.

Conclusion:

These promising current findings provide evidence for the possible efficacy of novel
PGPs-NE as an alternative treatment for CRC.
Personalization of Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD: Why it is
Advisable and Possible Options to Achieve it
Authors: Herrera-Morales Wendy Verónica , Ramírez-Lugo Leticia , Cauich-Kumul Roger , Murillo-Rodríguez Eric , Núñez-Jaramillo Luis
Published: May 2022

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed primarily
in children, although it is also present in adults. Patients present inattention, impulsivity, and
hyperactivity symptoms that create difficulties in their daily lives. Pharmacological treatment with
stimulants or non-stimulants is used most commonly to reduce ADHD symptoms. Although generally
effective and safe, pharmacological treatments have different effects among patients, including
lack of response and adverse reactions. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood,
but they may derive from the highly diverse etiology of ADHD. Strategies to guide optimal pharmacological
treatment selection based on individual patients’ physiological markers are being developed.
In this review, we describe the main pharmacological ADHD treatments used and their
main drawbacks. We present alternatives under study that would allow the customization of pharmacological
treatments to overcome these drawbacks and achieve more reliable improvement of
ADHD symptoms.
K2CO3/TBAB, a Composite of Inorganic and Organic Salts, a Novel and
Powerful Media for Regioselective Michael Addition of Dihydropyrimidinones
to Acrylic Esters Under and Without Solvent Conditions
Authors: Bonabi Sevil , Imanzadeh Gholamhassan , Asgharzadeh Roghayyeh , Soltanzadeh Zahra
Published: May 2022

Aims:

Synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives.

Background:

carrying out reactions in the green route and organic solvent-free conditions.

Objective:

Regioselective Michael addition of dihydropyrimidinones to acrylic esters.

Methods:

The reaction proceeded in the presence of K2CO3/TBAB, a media of inorganic base K2CO3
and organic ionic salt TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) at 100oC.

Results:

A series of new dihydropyrimidinone derivatives using aza-Michael addition reaction were
synthesized under solvent-free conditions.

Conclusion:

The reaction is characterized by high efficiency, relatively short reaction time, high
yields, simple environmentally friendly reaction conditions.

Other:

The reaction of acrylic esters with dihydropyrimidinones produced N3-substituted derivative of
dihydropyrimidinones with 85-95% yields in 6 h.
Ring Closure Reactions for the Synthesis of Cyclic Imines: An Analysis
from the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry and Circular Chemistry
Authors: Quiroga Diego , Borrego-Muñoz Paola , Coy-Barrera Ericsson
Published: May 2022

Compounds containing a C=N moiety, namely imines, have been widely used for industrial purposes due to their various biological activities. Cyclic imines are an essential class of nitrogen-based heterocycles and valuable scaffolds for designing and obtaining new biologically active compounds. However, the proposal and implementation of synthetic methods for this heterocyclic system are mainly conditioned by different structural and stereoelectronic considerations. Therefore, it can be complex and sometimes limited to a selected group of heterocyclic compounds. The following review paper is structured to search and collect different synthesis methods of cyclic imines and identify the main progress currently achieved. It addresses this topic using structural considerations, physical properties, and reactivity. The synthesis methods described below have implemented strategies based on cyclo-condensation reactions, radical cyclizations, electrocyclic closures, and carbon-carbon coupling by metal-organic catalysis. These methods have significantly contributed significantly to organic chemistry knowledge. In addition, an analysis of such synthesis methods from applying the principles of green and circular chemistry is presented, evaluating the potential application of these methods, limitations, perspectives, and their impact on the environment.
Recent Updates on Folate Targeted Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer: A Mini Review
Authors: Bisht Gopal Singh , Sharma Deepika , Sharma Manu
Published: May 2022

Targeted drug delivery systems that selectively deliver anticancer drugs to tumour cells have always been a field of interest in reducing side effects associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. Cancer cells require nutrients for their multiplication; folic acid is one such nutrient. The expression of folate receptors is negligible in normal cells, whereas they are overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells. A number of studies have shown that selective targeting of folate receptors in cancer is a beneficial approach, as folate targeted anticancer conjugates are selective towards cancer cells, thereby sparing non-cancerous cells. In this review, we have discussed folate receptor, folic acid as a cancer targeting moiety, different folate targeted anticancer drug conjugates, and different folate conjugated nanodelivery systems. This summarized information may turn out to be valuable for researchers to design novel folate targeted anticancer drug delivery systems that can potentially reduce the drawbacks associated with conventional cancer therapeutics.
Update on Etiology and Pathogenesis of Biliary Atresia
Authors: dos Santos Jorge Luiz , Quelhas Patrícia , Cerski Carlos
Published: May 2022

Biliary atresia is a rare inflammatory sclerosing obstructive cholangiopathy that initiates
in infancy as complete choledochal blockage and progresses to the involvement of intrahepatic biliary
epithelium. Growing evidence shows that biliary atresia is not a single entity with a single etiology
but a phenotype resulting from multifactorial events whose common path is obliterative cholangiopathy.
The etiology of biliary atresia has been explained as resulting from genetic variants,
toxins, viral infection, chronic inflammation or bile duct lesions mediated by autoimmunity, abnormalities
in the development of the bile ducts, and defects in embryogenesis, abnormal fetal or prenatal
circulation and susceptibility factors. It is increasingly evident that the genetic and epigenetic
predisposition combined with the environmental factors to which the mother is exposed are potential
triggers for biliary atresia. There is also an indication that a progressive thickening of the arterial
middle layer occurs in this disease, suggestive of vascular remodeling and disappearance of the interlobular
bile ducts. It is suggested that the hypoxia/ischemia process can affect portal structures in
biliary atresia and is associated with both the extent of biliary proliferation and the thickening of the
medial layer.