bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical Study of Foreshock Bubbles, Hot Flow Anomalies, and Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies and Their Substructures Observed by MMS
Authors: Vu Andrew , Liu Terry Z. , Zhang Hui , Pollock Craig
Published: January 2022

Foreshock transients such as foreshock bubbles (FBs), hot flow anomalies (HFAs), and spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) display heated, tenuous cores and large flow deflections bounded by compressional boundaries. THEMIS and Cluster observations show that some cores contain local density enhancements which can be studied to better understand the evolution processes of foreshock transients. However, closer examinations of these substructures were not feasible until the availability of the higher resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS). We identify 164 FB‐like, HFA‐like, and SHFA events from two MMS dayside phases for a statistical study to investigate their solar wind conditions, properties, and substructure properties. Occurrence rates of the three event types are higher for lower magnetic field strengths, higher solar wind speeds and Mach numbers, and quasi‐parallel bow shocks. Events usually span up to 3 RE along the bow shock surface and extend up to 6 RE upstream from the bow shock. Though events with and without substructures exhibit similar solar wind conditions, events with substructures are more likely to have longer core durations and larger sizes. Substructure densities display a positive correlation with bulk flows and a negative correlation with temperatures. Substructure sizes vary between 4 and 24 ion inertial lengths, indicating multiple formation mechanisms. Substructures could be the boundary between two foreshock transient events that have merged into a single event, fast‐mode variations, generated by slow or mirror mode instabilities, or produced from instabilities due to parameter gradients at the compressional boundaries or shocks.
The microbiome of wild and mass-reared new world screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax
Authors: Arp Alex P. , Quintero Gladys , Sagel Agustin , Batista Rafael Gonzales , Phillips Pamela L. , Hickner Paul V.
Published: January 2022

Insect population control through continual releases of large numbers of sterile insects, called sterile insect technique (SIT), is only possible if one can mass-rear large quantities of healthy insects. Adaptation of insect stocks to rearing conditions and artificial feeding systems can have a multitude of negative effects such as inbreeding depression, reduced compatibility with wild strains, unintentional selection for traits that lower fitness after release, and an altered microbiome. Changes to insect microbiomes can have many effects on insects ranging from a reduction in sex pheromones or reduced fitness. Thus understanding these systems is important for mass rearing and the performance of the sterile insect control programs. In this study we explored the microbiome of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) an economically important parasite of warm-blooded animals. Samples from myiases in cows and wild adults were compared to and mass-reared flies used by the SIT program. Significant differences were observed between these treatments, with wild captured flies having a significantly more diverse microbial composition. Bacteria known to stimulate oviposition were found in both wild and mass-reared flies. Two bacteria of veterinary importance were abundant in wild flies, suggesting screwworm is a potential vector of these diseases. Overall, this study provides the screwworm eradication program a platform to continue exploring the effects associated bacteria have on screwworm fitness.
Octet lattice-based plate for elastic wave control
Authors: Aguzzi Giulia , Kanellopoulos Constantinos , Wiltshaw Richard , Craster Richard V. , Chatzi Eleni N. , Colombi Andrea
Published: January 2022

Motivated by the importance of lattice structures in multiple fields, we numerically investigate the propagation of flexural waves in a thin reticulated plate augmented with two classes of metastructures for wave mitigation and guiding, namely metabarriers and metalenses. The cellular architecture of this plate invokes the well-known octet topology, while the metadevices rely on novel customized octets either comprising spherical masses added to the midpoint of their struts or variable node thickness. We numerically determine the dispersion curves of a doubly-periodic array of octets, which produce a broad bandgap whose underlying physics is elucidated and leveraged as a design paradigm, allowing the construction of a metabarrier effective for inhibiting the transmission of waves. More sophisticated effects emerge upon parametric analyses of the added masses and node thickness, leading to graded designs that spatially filter waves through an enlarged bandgap via rainbow trapping. Additionally, Luneburg and Maxwell metalenses are realized using the spatial modulation of the tuning parameters and numerically tested. Wavefronts impinging on these structures are progressively curved within the inhomogeneous media and steered toward a focal point. Our results yield new perspectives for the use of octet-like lattices, paving the way for promising applications in vibration isolation and energy focusing.
Proximity of immune and tumor cells underlies response to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapies in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Yan Chi , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Ayers Gregory D. , Nebhan Caroline A. , Roland Joseph T. , Weiss Vivian L. , Johnson Douglas B. , Richmond Ann
Published: January 2022

Acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy occurs in the majority of melanoma patients that harbor BRAF mutated tumors, leading to relapse or progression and the underlying mechanism is unclear in many cases. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial imaging analysis of paired tumor sections obtained from 11 melanoma patients prior to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy and when the disease progressed on therapy, we observed a significant increase of tumor cellularity in the progressed tumors and the close association of SOX10+ melanoma cells with CD8+ T cells negatively correlated with patient’s progression-free survival (PFS). In the TCGA-melanoma dataset (n = 445), tumor cellularity exhibited additive prognostic value in the immune score signature to predict overall survival in patients with early-stage melanoma. Moreover, tumor cellularity prognoses OS independent of immune score in patients with late-stage melanoma.
Stretchable slide-ring supramolecular hydrogel for flexible electronic devices
Authors: Wang Shuaipeng , Chen Yong , Sun Yonghui , Qin Yuexiu , Zhang Hui , Yu Xiaoyong , Liu Yu
Published: January 2022

Slide-ring materials with movable cross-links have received attention due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to the poor solubility of polyrotaxane and low synthesis efficiency, their applications are hindered. Here, we use hydroxypropyl-modified α-cyclodextrin (Hy-α-CD) and Acrylamide-PEG20000-Acrylamide (ACA-PEG20000-ACA) to construct a polypseudorotaxane with good water solubility. Through photo-initiated polymerization of polypseudorotaxane with acrylamide in-situ, the capped polyrotaxane was easily obtained and further cross-linked by 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether in sodium hydroxide solution to form a slide-ring supramolecular hydrogel. The hydrogel can be stretched to 25.4 times its original length, which recovers rapidly on unloading, and the addition of Ca2+ ions during crosslinking enhances ionic conductivity. The Ca2+-doped hydrogels are used to prepare wearable strain sensors for monitoring human motion.
The product-controllable aerobic oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols using vanadium-based photocatalysts
Authors: Yang Guobao , Shi Jing , Sun Haijing , Tong Xinli
Published: January 2022

A method for the photocatalytic controllable oxidative cleavage of C–C bonds is developed with molecular oxygen as the oxidant.
Decelerated degradation of a sulfonylurea herbicide in four fungicide-treated soils
Authors: Wijntjes Christiaan , Weber Yanik , Höger Stefan , Nguyen Kim Thu , Hollert Henner , Schäffer Andreas
Published: January 2022

The presented research illustrates the importance of assessing pesticide mixtures in the environment by showing that the aerobic degradation of a herbicide in four different soils was significantly retarded in the presence of fungicides.
Noise Exposure, Headsets, and Auditory and Nonauditory Symptoms in Call Center Operators
Authors: Silva Bárbara Gabriela , Gonzaga Denise , Rocha Clayton Henrique , Gomes Raquel Fornaziero , Moreira Renata Rodrigues , Bistafa Sylvio R. , Samelli Alessandra Giannella
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This study evaluates the exposure of call center operators (CCOs) to occupational noise, its association with auditory and nonauditory symptoms, and the feasibility of monaural and binaural headsets.

Method:

We measured the noise exposure sound pressure levels (SPLs) with the microphone-in-real-ear technique and administered a questionnaire on auditory/nonauditory symptoms and headset preference.

Results:

We assessed 79 CCOs with normal hearing. Overall, 98.7% of the participants reported at least one auditory symptom, and 88.6% reported at least one nonauditory symptom after using the headset. We found significant associations between the headset volume setting and the number of auditory and nonauditory symptoms and between sharp increases in sound level and tinnitus. The microphone-in-real-ear diffuse-field–related SPLs with monaural headsets (85.5 dBA) were significantly higher than those with binaural headsets (83.1 dBA). Binaural headsets were the preference of 84.8% of the subjects. The SPLs of the binaural headsets were significantly lower than those of the monaural headsets in the subjects who preferred the binaural headsets.

Conclusions:

CCOs with normal hearing reported auditory and nonauditory symptoms, highlighting the need for attention and further investigation. The binaural headsets were preferable, as they were associated with a lower SPL and a higher call quality.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.18361463
Self-Reported Perspectives on Cultural Competence Education in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Hudnall Monica
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Only 8% of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) members identify as members of an underrepresented racial group (ASHA, 2021); hence, little is known of the lived experiences and perspectives of these members. Critical investigation of cultural competence in the clinical education and training of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can illuminate problems and solutions with existing frameworks and provide innovative pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning. The researcher's goal was to document the knowledge and lived experiences of SLPs from cross-cultural perspectives to meaningfully critique and evolve practice standards.

Method:

Using self-reported perspectives in narrative case study approach, four SLPs from cross-cultural backgrounds engaged with the researcher in dialogic interviews. The interview audio recordings were transcribed and coded for themes that reflected the lived experiences and realities of the collaborators.

Results:

The findings suggest that (a) this group of SLPs had critical and contrary perspectives on instruction and training in cultural competence, (b) their lived experiences through their interpersonal environments largely influence their clinical decision-making, and (c) they learned to navigate cross-cultural perspectives in their graduate education mostly through comparative framings (i.e., language difference vs. language disorder).

Conclusion:

The data gathered from the self-reported perspectives of SLPs in this study can serve as preliminary reference for future qualitative research on how curriculum and training frameworks may shift to support both underrepresented practitioners of color, the diverse populations SLPs serve and provide guidance for nuanced discussions of systemic factors that can impact research, teaching, and practice in the field.
Traditional practices: A window for water erosion management in the Argana basin (Western High Atlas Morocco)
Authors: Ait Haddou Mohamed , Kabbachi Belkacem , Aydda Ali , Bouchriti Youssef , Gougueni Hicham , En-Naciry Mohamed , Aichi Asmae
Published: January 2022

Water and soil are two essential natural resources, which their preservation determines the local and national environmental sustainability. The pollution and erosion processes causing deterioration of these resources, which impacting negativaly the environment and economy development. This research aims to suggest the most straight forward and most appropriate control measures for the basins that are socially and economically acceptable for farmers. By consdering Argana basin as study area, the proposed approach consists, first, to analyze the soil loss map and, then, cconducted semi-structured interviews with local farmers at various locations across the basin. The results indicate that the areas of high and very high deterioration encompass 48 % of the basin’s surface. In addition, all of the farmers questioned used agroforestry on their managed sites. The study highlight the importtance of the traditional practices in fighting water erosion risk.
Advancing knowledge about restricted irrigation strategies on commercial peach plantation under Mediterranean condition
Authors: Abouabdillah Aziz , Radi Soukaina , Asfers Adil , Brouziyne Youssef , El Bergui Omnia , Bourioug Mohamed , Amlal Fouad , Bouabid Rachid
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different restricted irrigation strategies on peach trees. Sustainable and regulated deficit irrigation treatments were applied during the 2018/2019 production season in a commercial plot of “Bénédicte” variety located at the Atlas Mountain’s region of Morocco. Five different treatments were tested: T1, T2 and T3 with an application of respectively 125% (over-irrigation), 100% (control) and 75% (deficit-irrigation) of Crop Water Requirement (CWR) throughout the whole crop cycle; These treatments were classified under Sustainable Deficit Irrigation treatments (SDI). Regulated Deficit Irrigation treatments (RDI) comprising of treatments T4, and T5 which correspond respectively to applications of 75% ETc and 50% ETc during the pit hardening stage (PH), and 100% ETc during the rest of the cycle. The results showed that deficient irrigation treatments had no effect on vegetative growth parameters.A downward trend in average fruit weight and size at harvest was observed in the T3 treatment. A significant increase in sugar content was observed in T3 and T5 compared to the control T2. With regard to biochemical parameters, the deficient treatment (T5) recorded the highest proline content in response to water stress, followed by T3 and T4. Therewas no significant difference between the crop yields under SDI and RDI treatments, but T4 produced arelatively higher yield of 47 T/Haamong the treatments.Thisled to the water use efficiency (WUE) performance ranking: T3 with 10.63 kg/m3, T4 (75% PH) was in second place with a WUE of 9.6 kg/m3, finally T5 with an efficiency of 9.35 kg/m3.
Performance evaluation of temperature-resistant nano-surfactants
Authors: Wang Qunyi , Bi Yongbin , Cao Tongfeng , Zhang Yang , Liu Dong , He Haiyan , Zhang Xuena
Published: January 2022

Surfactant flooding is a common technique in tertiary oil recovery. However, due to the high temperature of some reservoirs and the strong heterogeneity caused by their own geological conditions, the use of common surfactants in high-temperature reservoirs is limited. Temperature - resistant surfactants can reduce interfacial tension, improve conformance and increase oil washing efficiency In this paper, a temperature-resistant nano-type surface active JCN-001 was developed in the laboratory. By testing its particle size distribution, the experimental results can determine that the average particle size range of the system is 34.29nm, so that it can play a better role in low permeability reservoir recovery. Due to its unique nano properties, JCN at 0.2% concentration can still maintain a good effect at about 110, and the oil/water interfacial tension can reach 10-4nm/m, and can also reach ultra-low interfacial tension at high temperature, and the higher the temperature, the more significant the effect According to the changes of surface tension and oil-water interfacial tension, the critical micelle concentration was determined to be about 0.2%. The static adsorption experiments and dynamic adsorption experiments were carried out. The results show that the temperature resistant nano-surfactants have strong adsorption resistance and can effectively reduce the consumption of surfactants on rocks.
Full life-cycle economic evaluation of integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment
Authors: Zhang Yuqiong , Zhao Qiang , Ao Jindi , Wang Zhaozhen , Wang Yuqing
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen energy storage, as a new type of energy storage with zero carbon emission, multi-energy federal reserve and combined supply, has a good development prospect in the integrated energy system. Based on the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment, this paper proposes the operation mechanism of the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment in the environment of electricity market and carbon market. On this basis, considering the time value of money, the life-cycle economic evaluation model of the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment is constructed. The model is applied to calculate the investment benefit of a community integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment in the whole life cycle. The result of an example shows that the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment is of good economic benefits.
Parameter optimization of acid fracturing in ultra-deep fault zone carbonate reservoir
Authors: Geng Yudi , Zhou Jun
Published: January 2022

The characteristics of fracture development are complex in Shunbei area. The natural fracture development is different between different fault zones and in different locations of the same fault zone. Not all natural fractures can be activated during acid fracturing, and not all natural fractures can contribute to well productivity after acid fracturing. The use of natural fractures can not only improve the seepage capacity of the reservoir, but also improve the well productivity. Therefore, the influence of artificial fracture on the opening and fracture conductivity maintenance of natural fracture is studied, and finally the acid fracturing roceand parameters based on the change of natural fracture are formed.
A review of research methods for evaluation and analysis of suitability of well-facilitated farmland construction
Authors: Zhao Yutong , Gao Shiqian , Zhao Bo
Published: January 2022

The setting direction of the evaluation indicators in the current research and the differences of the research methods in terms of principles, advantages and disadvantages and applicability are compared and analyzed. The results show that the current well-facilitated farmland construction has achieved remarkable results. In the suitability evaluation research before project construction, the setting of evaluation indicators focuses more on the natural endowment conditions of regional cultivated land; in the benefit evaluation research after project construction, from The early focus on economic benefit evaluation has gradually developed into an equal emphasis on economic, social and ecological benefit evaluation; in the analysis of influencing factors, the current research is still relatively weak, and there are still few explanations for the differences in the level of benefit improvement in different construction areas. Regarding research methods, future research should comprehensively consider the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different methods. This study can provide a useful reference for scientifically promoting well-facilitated farmland construction.
Study on advanced treatment of wastewater by advanced oxidation based on sulfate radical
Authors: Ye Qingying
Published: January 2022

At present, the use of water in each country increases sharply, which also brings increasingly prominent environmental pollution problems. A large amount of wastewater is discharged into the water body, which seriously pollutes the water environment. Wastewater treatment has become the focus of global environmental protection workers. Among them, advanced oxidation technology based on sulfate radical is used to treat refractory organic pollutants. The technology has good cleaning efficiency and oxidation stability. In order to improve the universality of research and application and in-depth decontamination, this free radical advanced oxidation method was applied to the advanced treatment of wastewater. However, divalent iron ions react with Na2S2O3 very quickly, resulting in the reaction stopping soon. Therefore, zero valent iron (ZVI) is used to activate sodium persulfate to produce sulfate radical instead of divalent Fe ion. ZVI activation is applied to wastewater treatment.
Analysis of well and layer selection method for fracturing displacement in thin-and-poor layers in the transition zone of A Oilfield
Authors: Pan Yanhong
Published: January 2022

This paper mainly provides the well and layer selection method of fracturing displacement. It mainly solves the problem of insufficient formation energy and lack of forming effective communication between oil and water wells, resulting in poor water injection capacity in thin-and-poor layers, poor oil well production capacity, formation deficit and poor seepage capacity. The research includes the following two parts. (1) Target wells were optimized by selecting those with relatively perfect injection production relationship, poor oil-water well connectivity and long-term formation deficit. The water injection wells should be those with porosity, low air permeability and some development potential. They are required to meet the construction requirements of large capability of fracturing fluid injection into water wells. (2) Target layers were optimized based on the selection of the injection-production relationship of the target well, reservoir development thickness, interlayer thickness, liquid production, liquid production intensity, formation pressure, production situation and other parameters. Then, the sedimentary unit with poor production and high potential is selected as the target layer. This method improves the effect of stimulation and development in thin-and-poor layers.
Neurocoagulation from a Mechanistic Point of View in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Shavit-Stein Efrat , Berkowitz Shani , Gofrit Shany Guly , Altman Keren , Weinberg Nitai , Maggio Nicola
Published: January 2022

Coagulation mechanisms are critical for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Thrombin, an important player of the coagulation cascade, activates protease activator receptors (PARs), members of the G-protein coupled receptor family. PAR1 is located on neurons and glia. Following thrombin activation, PAR1 signals through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, causing alterations in neuronal glutamate release and astrocytic morphological changes. Similarly, the anticoagulation factor activated protein C (aPC) can cleave PAR1, following interaction with the endothelial protein C receptor. Both thrombin and aPC are expressed on endothelial cells and pericytes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thrombin-induced PAR1 activation increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in brain vessels, resulting in nitric oxide release and increasing F-actin stress fibers, damaging BBB integrity. aPC also induces PAR1 activation and preserves BBB vascular integrity via coupling to sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors. Thrombin-induced PAR1 overactivation and BBB disruption are evident in CNS pathologies. During epileptic seizures, BBB disruption promotes thrombin penetration. Thrombin induces PAR1 activation and potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, inducing glutamate-mediated hyperexcitability. Specific PAR1 inhibition decreases status epilepticus severity in vivo. In stroke, the elevation of brain thrombin levels further compromises BBB integrity, with direct parenchymal damage, while systemic factor Xa inhibition improves neurological outcomes. In multiple sclerosis (MS), brain thrombin inhibitory capacity correlates with clinical presentation. Both thrombin inhibition by hirudin and the use of recombinant aPC improve disease severity in an MS animal model. This review presents the mechanisms underlying the effects of coagulation on the physiology and pathophysiology of the CNS.
Creating perfusable channels in tissue with embedded printing
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: January 2022

Sacrificial inks are printed inside a matrix bath, then removed, leaving channels for nutrients to flow to cells
Electronic design automation requirements for R2R printing foundry
Authors: Kim TaeWoong , Kim SoYoung
Published: January 2022

Roll-to-roll (R2R) printed electronic devices have been in the spotlight over the decades as a potential replacement for Si-based semiconductors, research into this technology is still being actively conducted over the world. These printed electronic devices can be used in a variety of applications, so the demand for them is expected to reach over USD 20.7 billion in 2025 given a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5%. As the new ink materials and printing technologies being researched are commercialized, foundry companies that produce printed electronics need to provide appropriate work flow that will allow engineers to design these kind of circuits using commercial electronic design automation (EDA) tools. This review paper describes the key parameters that should be found process design kit (PDK), including the contained design rules and the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis model. We cover the factors that need to be considered when a fabless company develops circuits for the R2R process, including the design methodology from the beginning of the design to the final graphic data stream (GDS) completion stage, we also discuss other essential technological hurdles that must be overcome in this process. The overall process of design and analysis for printed electronic technique is based on the silicon design flow. We describe the full custom design flow for analog integrated circuits (ICs) and explain how the automatic placement and routing based design of digital integrated circuits can be carried out. In addition, the necessity of sign-off verification using post-simulation, electromagnetic (EM) simulation and bias check simulation required for commercial product development will be explained. The development of PDKs and EDA tools for circuit design in the R2R printed electronics foundry industry will have a potentially tremendous impact on the semiconductor ecosystem by lowering the barriers to producing these devices.
Grid-graph modeling of emergent neuromorphic dynamics and heterosynaptic plasticity in memristive nanonetworks
Authors: Montano Kevin , Milano Gianluca , Ricciardi Carlo
Published: January 2022

Self-assembled memristive nanonetworks composed of many interacting nano objects have been recently exploited for neuromorphic-type data processing and for the implementation of unconventional computing paradigms, such as reservoir computing. In these networks, information processing and computing tasks are performed by exploiting the emergent network behaviour without the need of fine tuning its components. Here, we propose grid-graph modelling of the emergent behaviour of memristive nanonetworks, where the memristive behaviour is decoupled from the particular and detailed behaviour of each network element. In this model, the memristive behavior of each edge is regulated by an analytical potentiation-depression rate balance equation deduced from physical arguments. By comparing modelling and experimental results obtained on nanonetworks based on Ag NWs, the model is shown to be able to emulate the main features of the emergent memristive behaviour and spatio-temporal dynamics of the nanonetwork, including short-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation and heterosynaptic plasticity. These results show that the model represents a versatile platform for exploring the implementation of unconventional computing paradigms in nanonetworks.
The Contested Concept of Secularism and Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Jahid Hossain
Published: January 2022

There are different ways in which scholars comprehend secularism. According to some scholars, secularism is the phenomenon in which religion is fully separated from the state and plays no part in the public domain. Others are of the view that, while secularism denotes separation between religion and state, there should be little involvement of religion in the public domain because it is a vital part of the lives of individuals. This Article aims to discuss the various interpretations of secularism, create a classification of secularism models, and examine how secularism is considered in Bangladesh. For this purpose, this Article analyzes statements given by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (known as the Father of the Nation and the leader of the Bangladesh Awami League) to identify the secularism model followed in Bangladesh. Sheikh Mujib and his political party, the Awami League, did not explicitly use the word “secularism” until the independence war in 1971. However, secularist ideals were emphasized by the party. After independence, the Constitution of Bangladesh was adopted in 1972 and secularism was included in the Constitution.

In Bangladesh, secularism is understood as the antithesis of communalism. Anti-communalism in Bangladesh does not refer to anti-religion; rather, it eliminates conflict between the various subnational communities and describes politics by giving equal status to individuals in a unified national community. President Ziaur Rahman removed the secularism principle from the Constitution in 1977 through the Fifth Amendment. Islam was declared as the state religion in 1988 during the rule of President Hussain Muhammad Ershad through the Eighth Amendment. In 2011, the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted during the tenure of Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League as Sheikh Hasina saw the necessity for following an established religion model, while making sure that sufficient rights were also awarded to religious minorities. Adopting Islam as the state religion is considered by the Awami League as a means of satisfying the Muslim majority and peacefully coexisting with religious groups such as Hefazat-e-Islam. This Article argues that the Awami League’s stance implies the practice of modus vivendi, which, in contemporary terms, signifies a means of living together for the population, in spite of their contradictory features, which emerge mostly because of difference in opinions, interests, religions, ethnicities, or beliefs. Through the practice of modus vivendi, these differences are recognized and facilitated. The meaning of secularism (and the issue of whether the state should be committed to secularism) is deeply contested in Bangladesh, making the country an interesting case study.
Chemical contact tracing for exposomics
Authors: Liu Ken
Published: January 2022

Human health and disease reflects a complex interplay between the genome and the exposome. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based metabolomics routinely measures thousands of endogenous, dietary and xenobiotic chemicals. However, confident identification of exposure-related chemicals remains a challenge as a significant portion of chemical signals detected in metabolomics analyses remains uncharacterized. Illuminating the “dark matter” of the exposome cannot be accomplished efficiently if the prevailing approach depends on the use of purified authentic standards that are not readily accessible for most laboratories. An alternative approach involves chemical exposure “contact tracing” analogous to contact tracing used to track the spread of infectious disease. For transmissible diseases, contact tracing identifies sets of potentially infected individuals that are linked by close contact to a confirmed positive case. Similarly, chemical exposures can be identified by establishing sets of xenobiotic metabolites that are linked to the original exposure via enzymatic biotransformation. Here, we provide a commentary on how incorporating enzyme-based strategies for chemical contact tracing enables -omics scale characterization of chemical exposures to further illuminate the “dark matter” of the exposome.
Henry Jacob Bigelow (1818–1890)
Authors: Makris Elizabeth M. , Makhoul Kevin G. , Lee Terence B. , Desai Manisha S.
Published: January 2022

Prior to the advent of anesthesia, surgery was limited in scope due to the excruciating pain experienced by patients. This raised challenges for surgeons who were distressed by the inadvertent suffering caused by surgery. The first successful use of ether anesthesia by William Thomas Green Morton (1819–1868) in 1846 at Massachusetts General Hospital was a turning point for the profession. The innovation and proliferation of operations catalyzed by the introduction of anesthesia altered the landscape of surgical practice. Initially, the introduction of ether into the field was met with hesitation and resistance by several parties in the medical field. It took the efforts of prominent surgeons to ensure that ether achieved its full potential. The greatest supporter of ether during this epoch was the young surgeon Henry Jacob Bigelow (1818–1890), who spent 30 years of his career advocating for and experimenting with anesthesia. The efforts of Bigelow, a gifted surgeon renowned for his contributions to orthopedic surgery, were instrumental in the promotion of anesthesia and the advancement of the surgical profession. In this article, we discuss the life, career, and contributions of Bigelow, particularly in the context of the introduction of modern anesthesia.
1,550 nm Erbium-Doped and 1,927 nm Thulium Nonablative Fractional Laser System: Best Practices and Treatment Setting Recommendations
Authors: Friedman Paul M. , Dover Jeffrey S. , Chapas Anne , Rahman Zakia , Ross Edward V. , Kilmer Suzanne L. , Roberts Wendy E. , Sodha Pooja , Stimmel Julie B. , Moncrief Mary Beth C. , Waibel Jill S.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The Fraxel Dual laser system (Solta Medical, Inc., Bothell, WA) contains a 1,550 and 1,927 nm wavelength single handpiece with different indications for each wavelength.

OBJECTIVE

To discuss treatment setting recommendations and best practices for select on-label and investigational applications of the 1,550 and 1,927 nm dual laser system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eight board-certified dermatologists with 10 or more years of experience with the 1,550 and 1,927 nm laser system completed an online survey about their clinical experience with the system and then participated in a roundtable to share clinical perspectives and best practices for using the laser system.

RESULTS

For all Fitzpatrick skin types, treatment recommendations were described for selected approved indications for the 1,550 and 1,927 nm laser system, including both lasers in combination. Treatment recommendations were also reached for investigational applications with the 1,550 nm laser and 1,927 nm laser. Best practices for using the lasers during the treatment session to achieve optimal outcomes and decrease the post-treatment recovery time were compiled.

CONCLUSION

The 1,550 and 1,927 nm dual laser system is effective for a wide range of aesthetic and therapeutic applications, on and off the face and across all Fitzpatrick skin types.
Application framework for safety-centric construction acceleration planning
Authors: Mahdavian Samin , Lu Ming , Pereira Estacio
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Previous research regarding shaping factors and major causes behind accidents in the construction field is reviewed. In particular, a hypothetical model is established to correlate activity time, cost and safety in the context of construction activity acceleration planning. Two demonstration cases are presented to illustrate the proposed theoretical model in the context of critical activity expedition planning. Further, a third case uses a 100-activity project to perform the global level total project time and cost analysis, identifying specific activity acceleration plans that would materialize the shortened total project time at the lowest total project cost.

Design/methodology/approach

This research proposes a safety-centric application framework to guide construction acceleration planning at both activity and project levels while taking sufficient preventive measures against safety hazards and accidents. As planning construction acceleration by factoring in safety constraints inevitably drives up cost, it is imperative to control increases in activity costs at the local level in connection with schedule acceleration planning while at the same time not compromising on safety. This research also addresses this critical question through performing global level total project time and cost analysis.

Findings

An application framework is proposed for guiding a planner through identifying accident shaping factors, obeying schedule acceleration rules and accounting for safety-related costs in attempts to mitigate hazardous situations on-site at both activity level (local) and project level (global), resulting in (1) minimizing the increase of total project cost in schedule acceleration while at the same time not compromising on safety at individual activities; (2) producing specific execution plans on each individual activity in terms of the amount of time to crash and the associated activity cost.

Originality/value

This study is original in developing theories and methods for evaluating the impact of safety constraints upon construction time and cost in activity acceleration planning and project time-cost analysis. The research fills a gap in knowledge in terms of how to factor in sufficient safety constraints while achieving project time and cost objectives on construction acceleration planning at both activity and project levels.
Underwater target tracking in three-dimensional environment using intelligent sensor technique
Authors: B. Omkar Lakshmi Jagan , S. Koteswara Rao , M. Kavitha Lakshmi
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to target tracking in the marine environment is typically obtained by considering the measurement parameters like frequency, elevation and bearing. Marine environmental surveillance provides critical information and assistance for the exploitation and maintenance of marine resources.

Design/methodology/approach

With the use of intelligent sensor techniques like Hull-mounted and towed array sensors, convenient, precise and dependable three-dimensional (3D) underwater target tracking is introduced.

Findings

This research investigates a method to develop a reliable Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm for enhanced underwater target tracking in a 3D scenario by using bearing, frequency and elevation measurements. In applications for underwater target tracking, uncertainty and inaccuracies are typically described by using Gaussian additive noise.

Originality/value

The proposed UKF algorithm is tested and analyzed using 100 Monte Carlo simulations with the Gaussian generated noise.
Arge aurora Wei sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Argidae) from China with a key to East Asian species of Arge nipponensis group
Authors: Wan Siying , Wu Duo , Niu Gengyun , Liu Ting , Wei Meicai
Published: January 2022

Arge nipponensis group is proposed for 12 East Asian species. A key to species of this group is provided. Arge aurora Wei, sp. nov., a widespread species in China is described. It has been misidentified as Arge nipponensis Rohwer, 1910 in China since 1927. Arge nipponensis Rohwer is removed from the faunal list of China. The ovipositor and genitalia of A. nipponensis are described and figured for the first time. The geographic distribution analysis indicated that geographical barriers were probably the key to the distribution of A. aurora and A. nipponensis.
Is use of the general system justification scale across countries justified? Testing its measurement equivalence
Authors: Vesper Denise , König Cornelius J. , Siegel Rudolf , Friese Malte
Published: January 2022

System justification is a widely researched topic in social and political psychology. One major measurement instrument in system justification research is the General System Justification Scale (G‐SJS). This scale has been used, among others, for comparisons across social groups in different countries. Such comparisons rely on the assumption that the scale is measurement equivalent. However, this assumption has never been comprehensively tested. Thus, the present two studies assessed the measurement equivalence of the G‐SJS following classic measurement equivalence guidelines (i.e., multigroup confirmatory factor analyses) in Study 1 and using a new method for comparing larger numbers of groups in Study 2 (i.e., alignment optimization). In Study 1, we analysed the measurement equivalence in Great Britain (n = 444), Germany (n = 454), and France (n = 463). In Study 2, we used a publicly available dataset consisting of 66 samples from 30 countries (N = 13,495) to again assess the measurement equivalence of the scale. Results indicated (partial) metric equivalence, but not scalar equivalence in both studies. Overall, the studies indicate that mean comparisons across the examined countries are not warranted with the current form of the G‐SJS. The scale needs to be revised for valid cross‐country comparisons of means.
Effects of masticatory loading on bone remodeling around teeth versus implants: Insights from a preclinical model
Authors: Tian Ye , Sadowsky Steven J. , Brunski John B. , Yuan Xue , Helms Jill A.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Teeth connect to bone via a periodontal ligament, whereas implants connect to bone directly. Consequently, masticatory loads are distributed differently to periodontal versus peri‐implant bone. Our objective was to determine how masticatory loading of an implant versus a tooth affected peri‐implant versus periodontal bone remodeling. Our hypothesis was that strains produced by functional loading of an implant would be elevated compared with the strains around teeth, and that this would stimulate a greater degree of bone turnover around implants versus in periodontal bone.

Materials and Methods

Sixty skeletally mature mice were divided into two groups. In the implant group, maxillary first molars (mxM1) were extracted, and after socket healing, titanium alloy implants were positioned subocclusally. After osseointegration, implants were exposed, resin crowns were placed, and masticatory loading was initiated. In the control group, the dentition was left intact. Responses of peri‐implant and periodontal bone were measured using micro‐CT, histology, bone remodeling assays, and quantitative histomorphometry while bone strains were estimated using finite element (FE) analyses.

Conclusions

When a submerged osseointegrated implant is exposed to masticatory forces, peri‐implant strains are elevated, and peri‐implant bone undergoes significant remodeling that culminates in new bone accrual. The accumulation of new bone functions to reduce both peri‐implant strains and bone remodeling activities, equivalent to those observed around the intact dentition.
Multi‐stent technique using a novel integrated inside biliary stent and nasobiliary drainage catheter system for malignant perihilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Iwano Kosuke , Kuriyama Katsutoshi , Yazumi Shujiro
Published: January 2022

Watch a video of this article.
Duodenal ulcers caused by secondary aortoduodenal fistula
Authors: Osera Shozo , Niitsu Hirokazu , Tomori Akihisa
Published: January 2022

Watch a video of this article.
Effect of storage temperature and flash‐freezing on salivary microbiota profiles based on 16S rRNA‐targeted sequencing
Authors: Furuhashi Hiroto , Takayasu Lena , Isshi Kimio , Hara Yuko , Ono Shingo , Kato Masayuki , Sumiyama Kazuki , Suda Wataru
Published: January 2022

The sample storage environment affects gut microbial profiles as assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. However, the influence of storage condition on human salivary microbial profiles has not been well characterized. Here, we performed an observational study to assess the robustness of microbiota profiles in three different storage environments (−80°C after flash‐freezing, −80°C, and −15°C; all for 14 days) compared to immediate DNA extraction using the MiSeq Illumina platform. Notably, the 16S rRNA V1–V2 region amplicon sequencing revealed no difference in microbiota profiles between the immediate extraction and each of three storage conditions. An almost perfect correlation was shown between the immediate extraction and the −15°C storage group for relative abundance at the genus and operational taxonomic unit levels. The intraindividual UniFrac distances among storage methods were significantly shorter than those of interindividual distances. None of the amount of extracted DNA, the α‐diversity indices, or the relative abundance at the phylum/genus/operational taxonomic unit level differed among storage methods. These findings indicate that a storage temperature of −15°C without flash‐freezing may be optimal in terms of cost advantage and simplicity in 16S rRNA sequencing‐based salivary microbial research.
ZC3H12C expression in dendritic cells is necessary to prevent lymphadenopathy of skin‐draining lymph nodes
Authors: Clayer Elise , Frank Daniel , Anderton Holly , Zhang Shengbo , Kueh Andrew , Heim Valentin , Nutt Stephen L , Chopin Michaël , Bouillet Philippe
Published: January 2022

The role of RNA‐binding proteins of the CCCH‐containing family in regulating proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammation is increasingly recognized. We have identified ZC3H12C (Regnase‐3) as a potential post‐transcriptional regulator of tumor necrosis factor expression and have investigated its role in vivo by generating Zc3h12c‐deficient mice that express green fluorescent protein instead of ZC3H12C. Zc3h12c‐deficient mice develop hypertrophic lymph nodes. In the immune system, ZC3H12C expression is mostly restricted to the dendritic cell (DC) populations, and we show that DC‐restricted ZC3H12C depletion is sufficient to cause lymphadenopathy. ZC3H12C can regulate Tnf messenger RNA stability via its RNase activity in vitro, and we confirmed the role of Tnf in the development of lymphadenopathy. Finally, we found that loss of ZC3H12C did not impact the outcome of skin inflammation in the imiquimod‐induced murine model of psoriasis, despite Zc3h12c being identified as a risk factor for psoriasis susceptibility in several genome‐wide association studies. Our data suggest a role for ZC3H12C in DC‐driven skin homeostasis.
Native renal biopsy: outcomes with a 4‐h observation period in low‐risk outpatients
Authors: Trinh Katie , Bency Rosamma , Kairaitis Lukas
Published: January 2022

Current practice guidelines recommend that ‘low‐risk’ outpatients undergoing percutaneous native renal biopsy (PRB) are observed for 6–8 h to identify post‐biopsy complications. We performed a retrospective review of 225 PRB procedures in low‐risk outpatients who were observed for a 4‐h period to determine the safety with regard to complication rate and timing. PRB was performed using a standardised protocol and under ultrasound guidance with a 16‐ or 18‐gauge needle. Bleeding complications occurred in 7% (16/225) of patients, of which 88% (14/16) were detected within a 4‐h period. The two undetected complications presented more than 72 h after the procedure. This suggests that a 4‐h observation period may be safe and adequate in identifying the majority of patients who will experience significant complications in the first 24 h, with a potential saving of time and resources.