bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasites in the Eyes and Ears
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Jaiswal Amit Kumar , Singh Alok Kumar , Verma Abhinov , Agarwal Vivek , Chaudhary Alok Kumar , Verma Gaurav Kumar , Singh Renu
Published: December 2024

The goat (Capra hircus) is the most important domesticated animal due to
its importance in various parts of the world since it produces wool, meat, milk,
fertilizer, draught power, and leather. There are numerous ways through which
parasitic illnesses restrict goat industry production. Parasites outside the body survive
on blood, skin, and hair. These parasites cause sores and skin inflammation, which
makes the animal uncomfortable and irritated. Diseases can be spread by parasites from
ill to healthy animals. These can reduce milk production and weight gain. Livestock
that is infested cannot typically be managed well. The eyes and ears are the main
organs of any animal, which serve as windows to the outside world and help to find
food and shelter and defend them. The eyes and ears of goats are frequently affected by
parasitic infections, which are characterized by blindness, severe lacrimation,
conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, keratitis, abscesses in the eyelid, photophobia, and
deafness. Amongst several species of external parasites that infect the goat include
ticks, mites, fleas, flies, and lice. Out of these, ticks are ranked the uppermost in terms
of causing infections. There are several genera of ticks that are present on the ear
surface, ear canal, and body surface of goats, which are responsible for the transmission of various tickborne diseases, tick worry, metabolic debilitation, tick-toxicosis,
and also anemia. Ticks are also considered the second vector in the world after
mosquitoes in the transmission of different diseases.
Parasites of the Respiratory System of Goats
Authors: Tiwari Jitendra
Published: December 2024

Goats are susceptible to a variety of respiratory illnesses. Lungworms
primarily affect young goats with severe parasitic bronchitis. Coughing, dyspnoea,
nasal discharge, weight loss, lethargy, and occasionally fever are some of the
symptoms that may be present in animals infected with lungworms. This chapter will
deal with parasitic cestodes, nematodes, and arthropods affecting the goats' respiratory
systems. Here, parasites have been described according to the region of the respiratory
system they affect. Parasitic nematodes such as Dictyocaulus and Protostrongylus
commonly infect the trachea and bronchi, Muellerius spp. and metacestode stages of
Echinococcus granulosus infest the lung parenchyma, while larvae of the dipteran fly
Oestrus ovis infest the nasal passages. The symptoms of pulmonary parasitic diseases
can be made worse by secondary bacterial or viral infections, which can lead to
bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia.
Parasites of Liver and Pancreas
Authors: Jyothimol G. , Dehuri Manaswini
Published: December 2024

Goats are important in the economy of a country like India. In India, a vast
majority of small-scale farmers depend on sheep and goat rearing as their livelihood.
They can be completely utilized in different forms, such as milk, meat, skin, and
manure. Researchers suggest that the goat sector contributes 8.4% to India’s livestock
GDP. A multitude of different species of parasites make goats their hosts, some of
which can cause significant diseases. A systematic way to identify them is by
examining the organs in which they inhabit. Parasites infecting the liver and pancreas
of goats include Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Fascioloides magna, Dicrocoelium
dendriticum, Ehinococcus granulosus (intermediate stage hydatid cyst occurs in the
liver), Stilesia hepatica, Taenia hydatigena, Eurytrema pancreaticum, etc. Most of
them cause severe damage to liver parenchyma, which, in turn, results in the loss of
production and in some cases, fatality of farm animals. They can also cause internal
bleeding and anemia. These parasites require an intermediate host (mostly snails of the
genus Lymnea, Planorbis, etc) to complete their life cycle. This chapter describes in
detail various parasites affecting the liver and pancreas of goats, their predilection site,
pathogenesis, clinical signs, treatment, and control. Control of intermediate hosts,
especially snails, is an important part of the control of the majority of these parasites.
Hence, due importance is given to the various snail control methods in this chapter.
Recent trends in this aspect are discussed in detail, which will be helpful for the
scientific community.
Polymeric Biomaterials
Authors: Pandhare Ramdas B. , Autade Kalyani A. , Sumbe Rajashri B. , Kothawade Sachin N. , Gawade Ashwini
Published: December 2024

As a result of tissue engineering, a range of engineered scaffolds made of
ceramics, polymers, and their composites have been developed. For better tissue
regeneration, biomimicry has been incorporated into most three-dimensional (3D)
scaffold designs, both in terms of bioactivity and physicochemical characteristics. This
chapter discusses the importance and applications of different biologically compatible
and biodegradable polymers as control drug delivery vehicles in tissue engineering.
Two factors that support organ and tissue production in the lab are the scarcity of
transplantable organs and tissues and the requirement for immunosuppressive
medications to prevent rejection. Tissue engineering-based tissues (TE) have the
potential to produce multiple organs from a single organ donor for use in organ
transplantation or even to regenerate the entire organ from a fragment.
Polymeric Implants and Prosthetics
Authors: Bedse Anjali , Dhamane Suchita , Raut Shilpa , Mahajan Komal , Baviskar Kajal , Pande Vishal
Published: December 2024

Systems for controlled and continuous delivery have emerged quickly,
demonstrating their capacity to overcome the drawbacks of conventional delivery
methods. The advancement of biomedical and biomaterial sciences on a daily basis has
increased awareness of implanted delivery systems. Owing to developments in
polymeric science and other related domains, numerous implantable devices can be
produced. Worldwide, trauma, birth flaws, and cancers leave millions of people
deformed, posing serious psychological, social, and economic challenges. By restoring
appearance and functionality with synthetic materials that closely resemble natural
tissue, prosthetics seek to lessen their pain. As a result, since their introduction, these
systems have become well-known in the medical field. The present chapter covers
various aspects of polymeric implants and prosthetics, ranging from conventional
synthetic polymers as manufacturing materials to sophisticated prosthetic materials.
Further manufacturing techniques and prosthetic material degradation are emphasized
in the discussion as well. Future technology advancements and novel manufacturing
techniques are also addressed in relation to particular tissues (like the hand, breast,
nose, eye, ear, and nose) that need to be restored for aesthetic reasons. With the
advancement in manufacturing based on research on clinical practice, prosthetics can
usher in a new era of greatly improved quality of life for individuals who suffer from
disfigurement or tissue loss.
Advanced Epidemiological Methods
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 6 delves into sophisticated techniques and approaches shaping
contemporary epidemiological research. Beginning with an introduction to the themes
of the chapter, it explores advanced statistical techniques that enhance the analysis of
complex epidemiological data. The chapter also discusses the integration of genomics
into epidemiological studies, illuminating the insights gained and challenges posed by
the genomic era. Furthermore, it examines emerging challenges and opportunities in
epidemiology, offering perspectives on navigating evolving trends and harnessing
novel methodologies to address contemporary public health concerns.
Real-World Applications and Case Studies in Epidemiology: Bridging Theory and Practice
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 7 explores the practical applications of epidemiological principles in
various domains, from health policy and evaluation to real-world case studies.
Beginning with an introduction to the themes of the chapter, it delves into the
implementation of epidemiological concepts in informing health policies and
evaluating public health interventions. The chapter also presents compelling case
studies that illustrate the application of epidemiological principles in diverse contexts.
Furthermore, it offers exercises and questions to engage readers, facilitating active
learning and critical thinking in epidemiological practice
Navigating the Future: Innovations, Ethical Dilemmas, and the Path Forward in Epidemiology
Authors: Abubakar Saleh Jalal-Eddeen
Published: December 2024

Chapter 8 navigates the evolving landscape of epidemiology, exploring
innovations, ethical considerations, and prospects for shaping the future of this field.
Beginning with an introduction to the themes of the chapter, it delves into recent
innovations in epidemiological methods, offering insights into emerging approaches
and technologies. The chapter also addresses the ethical considerations inherent in
epidemiological research, highlighting the importance of ethical practice in
safeguarding participant welfare and research integrity. Furthermore, it discusses
strategies for shaping the future of epidemiology, emphasizing the need for
interdisciplinary collaboration and proactive engagement with emerging challenges.
Human Pose Estimation for Rehabilitation by Computer Vision
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: December 2024

Human pose estimation (HPE) is a valuable tool for rehabilitation, providing
critical insights into the body's posture and movements. Both patients and therapists
can significantly benefit from this technology, which enhances various aspects of the
rehabilitation process by offering precise and real-time feedback on body mechanics.
This research explores four well-known models in HPE: BlazePose, OpenPose,
MoveNet, and OpenPifPaf. Each model is examined in detail, focusing on their
architecture and working principles. BlazePose is renowned for its efficiency and
accuracy, making it suitable for real-time performance applications. OpenPose is a
comprehensive framework that detects multiple body parts, offering a detailed human
posture analysis. MoveNet is designed for high-speed applications, providing quick and
accurate pose estimation, while OpenPifPaf excels in producing precise keypoint
detection, which is crucial for detailed posture analysis. The comparison between these
models is demonstrated through practical cases of rehabilitation exercises. Since
rehabilitation often requires exercises to be performed slowly and deliberately to ensure
safety and effectiveness, this study emphasizes model accuracy over speed. We can
assess the models in actual rehabilitation scenarios' reliability and suitability for
different rehabilitation exercises. This research aims to provide a thorough
understanding of how each HPE model operates and their respective strengths and
limitations in rehabilitation. Through detailed analysis and real-world comparisons, we
highlight the potential of HPE technology to improve rehabilitation outcomes by
offering accurate, real-time feedback to both patients and therapists. This feature can
lead to more effective rehabilitation programs tailored to the specific needs of
individual patients.
Bioceramics and Bioactive Glasses for Tooth Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Borges Roger , Santos Karina F. , Pelosini Agatha M. , Ferraz Emanuela P. , Cesar Paulo F. , Marchi Juliana
Published: December 2024

Bioceramics applications in dental materials date back to 1892, and since
then, many advances have allowed the development of bioceramics for applications in
three main areas of dentistry: restorative, rehabilitative, and regenerative dentistry. This
chapter will cover clinical situations in which dental tissues need clinical interventions
using bioceramics. The main properties of these ceramics and their main advances and
applications in restorative, rehabilitative, and regenerative dentistry will also be
addressed. In summary, innovation in bioceramics has allowed the development of
implants and restorative materials able to bind to the dentin and enamel, besides
showing suitable aesthetics and mechanical properties for applications in load-bearing
regions. These bioceramics have also been used as scaffolds in alveolar, mandibular,
and maxillary bone regeneration, and recently computer-based technologies like CADCAM and 3D-printing have guided their advances. Finally, future perspectives and
open questions are discussed at the end of the chapter.
Severe Hyponatremia Uncovering Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Albai Oana , Golu Ioana , Timar Bogdan , Vlad Mihaela , Timar Romulus , Cipu Daniela
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Sodium is a crucial extracellular electrolyte for neuromuscular function, acid-base balance, cellular processes, and osmolarity regulation via transmembrane transport. Sodium deficiency, or hyponatremia, causes plasma hypoosmolarity, leading to water movement into tissues, cellular overhydration, and edema, especially within the brain. This study aimed to determine the cause of severe hyponatremia in a 65-year-old patient.
Case Report. A 65-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency department of “Pius Brînzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timișoara, Romania, presenting with severe general deterioration, asthenia, headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. Laboratory tests conducted at the emergency department confirmed the presence of severe hyponatremia. The patient was transferred to the Internal Medicine Clinic, where immediate treatment for hyponatremia was initiated. Subsequent biological and imaging investigations revealed adrenal insufficiency as the underlying cause of severe hyponatremia.
Conclusions. Severe hyponatremia is a potentially life-threatening condition, with adrenal insufficiency as a significant underlying cause. Often overlooked due to subtle electrolyte disturbances, accurate diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency is essential, as it requires lifelong hormonal replacement therapy. In such cases, targeted hydrocortisone therapy is vital for restoring hormonal balance, thus ensuring therapeutic efficacy and improving long-term patient outcomes.
Prolonged Maintenance of Remission with Crohn Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) in Two Siblings with Crohn Disease
Authors: Douglas Grace , Day Andrew S , Brown Stephanie C
Published: December 2024

Dietary and nutritional interventions have been shown to have roles in managing active Crohn disease (CD), with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) being recommended as the preferred initial treatment in children following diagnosis. In recent years, other nutritional interventions such as the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) have been considered and evaluated for induction therapy. To date, the long-term benefits of CDED have not been established. This report highlights the outcomes of the prolonged use of CDED in two siblings with CD.
Personalized Mobile App–Based Program for Preparation and Recovery After Radical Prostatectomy: Initial Evidence for Improved Outcomes From a Prospective Nonrandomized Study
Authors: Martini Alberto , Kesch Claudia , Touzani Alae , Calleris Giorgio , Buhas Bogdan , Abou-Zahr Rawad , Rahota Razvan-George , Pradère Benjamin , Tollon Christophe , Beauval Jean-Baptiste , Ploussard Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Background

eHealth can help replicate the benefits of conventional surgical prehabilitation programs and overcome organizational constraints related to human resources and health care–related costs.

Objective

We aimed to assess the impact of an optimized perioperative program using a personalized mobile app designed for preparation and recovery after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

We report on a series of 122 consecutive robot-assisted RP before and after the implementation of the betty.care app (cohort A: standard of care, n=60; cohort B: optimized program, n=62). The primary end point was continence recovery, defined as “0 or 1 safety pad per day” at 6 weeks after surgery. Secondary end points were length of stay, same-day discharge, complications, readmissions, and number of days alive and out of hospital within 30 days from surgery.

Results

Both cohorts were comparable in terms of age, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, and disease aggressiveness. Intraoperative parameters (lymph node dissection, operative time, and bilateral nerve-sparing surgery) were comparable in both groups, except for blood loss, which was significantly higher in cohort B (182 vs 125 cc; P=.008). The 6-week continence rate was improved in cohort B in both univariable and multivariable analyses (92% vs 75%; P=.01). There were trends favoring cohort B for all secondary end points with a minimal 30% benefit compared with cohort A. Grade 2 or more complications occurred less frequently in cohort B (13% vs 3.2%; P=.042). Same-day discharge and readmission rates were 35% and 53% (P=.043), and 3.3% and 1.6% (P=.54) in cohorts A and B, respectively. Mean length of stay was reduced by 0.2 days in cohort B (0.58 vs 0.78 days; P=.10). The main limitation was the absence of randomization.

Conclusions

The implementation of a mobile app that provides a holistic approach to the perioperative period, integrating prehabilitation, rehabilitation, and remote monitoring, could lead to the improvement of important functional outcomes after RP and could replicate an on-site prehabilitation program. Multicenter validation is needed.
Калмыки Сальского округа в контексте национальной политики и этносоциальных процессов в 1920-е гг.
Authors:   Southern Federal University (105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation), Averyanov Anton V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The most important task of the national policy of the Soviet state in the 1920s. There was an integration of ethnic minorities into the emerging socio-economic and cultural space. A unique situation developed in the Salsky district, where the Don Cossacks-Kalmyks, due to changed political conditions, lost their status as a leading social group, which led to their marginalization and required the development of new state policy approaches to involve them in the economic development of the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of ethno social relations in the Salsky district during the NEP period, to identify and analyze the key mechanisms of socio-political and economic integration of the Kalmyk population. The research was conducted on the basis of archival materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, as well as other archival documents and published sources. Results. The scale and nature of demographic changes in the Salsky district after the Civil War and during the NEP period were revealed. The changes in the role and place of Kalmyks in the economic structure of the district in comparison with German colonists and Russian peasants are shown. The features and specifics of the development of Kalmyk farms in the 1920s, their key problems and government support measures are highlighted. The main directions of national policy towards the Kalmyk population of the Salsky district in the field of economics, culture, education, and everyday life are analyzed. It is noted that despite the negative consequences of the Civil War, crop failures, and negative migration dynamics, the Don Kalmyks managed to preserve their ethno cultural identity. It was established that the key problem remained the land management of the Kalmyk population in conditions of land shortage, while maintaining the traditional pastoral nature of the economy for a significant part of the Kalmyks. It is proved that within the framework of its solution, a purposeful policy was pursued to popularize farming, develop cooperation, agricultural assistance, and concentrate the Kalmyk population in national village councils, which by the end of the 1920s were to become the main one for the formation of the Kalmyk National district. At the same time, within the framework of the indigenization policy, work was carried out to expand the network of schools, reading rooms, teacher training, and increase the level of literacy.
Половозрастная структура позднесарматского населения на территории Республики Калмыкия (по материалам археологических раскопок 1974–1982 гг.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Bembeyeva Lyubov A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The work delves into anthropological materials from Late Sarmatian burials housed at Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS). It briefly characterizes a variety of Early Iron Age sites — and, in particular, Late Sarmatian burials — explored in the territory of Kalmykia. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of the age-sex structure inherent to Kalmykia’s Late Sarmatians, and shall introduce some newly obtained anthropological materials into scientific circulation. Methods. Traditional anthropological methods have been most instrumental in determining sex and age. The methodology for calculating key paleodemographic indicators have been borrowed from The Vlachs by T. Alekseeva, D. Bogatenkov, and G. Lebedinskaya. The demographic calculations involve published data on respective groups from neighboring regions — Volgograd and Rostov Oblasts. Results. The paper shows despite the three paleopopulations of the Late Sarmatian era are similar enough, which be manifested in a large number of deformed skulls, demographic imbalances associated with few children’s burials, prevalence of male individuals, etc. — each group is distinguished by certain peculiarities of its development.
Особенности адаптации молодых мигрантов из Центральной Азии в Республике Татарстан (по материалам социо-антропологического исследования)
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (18, Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation), Titova Tatiana A. , Kozlov Vadim E. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (18, Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The Republic of Tatarstan is a key immigrant-recipient region of the Russian Federation. As of 2022, Tatarstan ranked first in Volga Federal District and fourth nationwide on the number of arrived migrants. One of the main reasons behind the situation is that according to annual socioeconomic reports by the Agency of Strategic Initiatives, Tatarstan sustainably holds leading positions of investment attractiveness. And it is already common practice that the majority of arriving individuals are Central Asian citizens, the three leading origin countries being Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. The recent thirty years have witnessed a significant structural shift determined by that most newcomers never lived in the once unified state ― Soviet Union. Different strategies of sovereign sociocultural development adopted by currently independent countries of Central Asia have led to increased cultural distances between their citizens and Russia’s natives. Goals. The work attempts an analysis of how young Central Asian migrants adapt to new sociocultural conditions of Tatarstan’s polyethnic community. To facilitate this, the paper shall characterize the specifics of interaction between the former and locals, including some features of their language behavior. Materials and ­methods. Outcomes of the September-to-November 2023 survey held in Tatarstan constitute a source base for our analysis. The tested informants are ethnic Uzbeks, Tajiks, and Kyrgyzes. Qualitative research methodology and that of in-depth interviews have proven most instrumental herein. Results. The study reveals certain features of adaptation strategies and linguistic competence levels in ethnic and demographic groups of migrants. Special attention is paid to economic and sociopsychological reasons why the latter have chosen Tatarstan as their destination region, to indicators of cultural distances between locals and aliens. Conclusions. An important circumstance behind the choice of Tatarstan ― in the eyes of the respondents ― is the cultural and linguistic proximity, as well as the low level of ethnocentric attitudes on behalf of the host population. The article classifies and describes groups with maximum and minimum levels of linguistic competency, discusses some implied reasons. So, it is intention to reside in Tatarstan in the long term that essentially contributes to the successful acquisition and use of the Russian language.
Связи Карпатского бассейна и Поднестровья в IX–X вв. в свете новых радиоуглеродных данных о хронологии венгерского завоевания. Байесовская модель для могилы III/1 из Карош-Эперьешсёга с учетом ее возможного соотношения с могилой II/52
Authors:   Independent Researcher (Austria), Somogyi Péter , Türk Attila
Published: December 2024

Grave III/11 of Karos-Eperjesszög is an exceptionally lavish assemblage of the 10th-century AD archaeological record of the Carpathian Basin; it has been interpreted by many as a leader’s burial. Therefore, specifying its dating is essential for the research of the era. The grave is of key importance not only for the settlement history of the Upper Tisza Region in the first half of the 10th century AD but also, on a broader prospect, for outlining the framework and particulars of the Hungarian Conquest. With regard to this historical event, one must highlight the scarcity and incompleteness of relevant data in available written sources and the fact that about a dozen radiocarbon results became available in the past years which point to related activity before the conventional AD 895 date. The mainly lonely weapon burials of adult men interred between AD 860 and 900 may be connected with written sources that mention early Hungarian troops regularly appearing in the Carpathian Basin from as early as AD 862.This paper presents all nine radiocarbon dates from the grave and provides Bayesian models based on them, the possible chronological connections of the feature with Grave II/52, a burial dated by coins, and a recent hypothesis that men in the two graves were brothers, which was formulated based on archaeogenetical results.The paper concludes the grave clusters with early Hungarian burials from the late 9th century AD — but is dated before AD 895 — of the Upper Tisza Region.In a broader sense, the examined graves have opened a new perspective for the research of the era by making us re-evaluate the accessibility and interpretability of the pre-Conquest Period of Hungarian prehistory — for example, by highlighting the relevance and necessity of further (e.g., strontium isotope) analyses of the man from Grave III/11, who had undoubtedly been born in Etelköz in the east (cf. Subotcy horizon). Creating such a framework was our goal in 2023 upon embarking on a project to compile a Bayesian model of all available radiocarbon dates from the Hungarian Conquest Period, with a core comprising only radiocarbon data of graves dated by coins. In the meantime, new developments in the archaeological research in Moldavia and Ukraine, together with recent results of archaeogenetical investigations in Hungary, have resulted in a reliable separation of the archaeological record representing in Eastern Europe the immediate, 9th-century predecessors of the Hungarians of the Conquest Period. The Subotcy horizon matches surprisingly well the important dates indicated by written sources (e.g., AD 836, 862, and 895); therefore, these were also reckoned with in our model.
Материалы из архива И. Е. Забелина по истории Калмыцкого ханства
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University (38, Bolshaya Semenovskaya St., 107023 Moscow, Russian Federation), Kokorina Julia G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The paper actually attempts a source study. Goals. The work aims at introducing into scientific circulation some materials on the eighteenth-century history of the Kalmyk Khanate collected by the outstanding Russian historian and archaeologist Ivan E. Zabelin (1820–1908). The documents articulate additional data on how the Russian imperial government bestowed the title of khan to Donduk-Dashi, and that of namestnik (Russ. ‘viceroy’) — to his son Ubashi. Materials. The study focuses on documents collected by I. Zabelin and nowadays contained in the researcher’s archives at Written Sources Department of the State Historical Museum. The key one among the former is a handwritten journal describing the journey of Astrakhan Governor to the Kalmyk Khanate. Results. In Russian historiography, issues of Kalmykia’s history from the mentioned period have been considered already, yet the introduced documents do shed additional light on them. In particular, the documents indicate both sides attached utmost importance to the ceremony of appointing Donduk-Dashi as Khan and his son Ubashi as Viceroy. This is evidenced by the detailed observations of diplomatic and military etiquette, solemn oaths, mutual treats, and the exchange of luxury gifts. The ceremony was also intended to be perceived by the Kalmyk people as an act associated with certain changes in their social environment. Conclusions. In addition, the source reports on the newly appointed Khan dispatched a military corps under the command a local chieftain and agreed to follow the Russian foreign policy line, which indicates the Russian government was eager to win over Kalmyk elites and the entire people to its side. The selection of documents from I. Zabelin’s archives attests to the historian did take keen interest in this aspect of Russian nationhood.
Города Хорасана в последней четверти XIX – начале ХХ в. в письменных свидетельствах российских путешественников и дипломатов
Authors:   Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia (24/4, M. Baghramian Ave., 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia), Hakobyan Taron V. , Kryuchkov Igor V. ,   North Caucasus Federal University (1, Pushkin St., 355029 Stavropol, Russian Federation), Kriuchkova Natalia D. ,   North Caucasus Federal University (1, Pushkin St., 355029 Stavropol, Russian Federation), Melkonyan Ashot A. ,   Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia (24/4, M. Baghramian Ave., 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia),   Yerevan State University (1, Alex Manoogian Ave., 0025 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Perceptions of Khorasan cities by Russian travelers and diplomats have so far remained historiographically uninvestigated. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of corresponding eyewitness accounts compiled by the latter between the 1870s and the 1910s. Results. The paper reveals some reasons behind the interest towards Khorasan, including Russia’s annexation of Transcaspia. The work outlines how images of Khorasan cities would take shape in narratives of Russian subjects, their attitudes to spatial layouts of the cities, development of suburbs, everyday life of citizens, and the latter’s moral portraits. Special attention is paid to the Russian travelers and diplomats’ analyses of what caused the crisis — and how it was manifested — faced by Khorasan cities in the late nineteenth century. In addition, the article shows the articulated prospects for further development of the cities, mainly through expanded relations between Khorasan and Russia. Conclusions. The article resumes somewhat Orientalist tradition dominated the examined works of Russians, which lead to critical attitudes and misunderstandings of many life foundations across the cities of Khorasan. The authors would constantly draw analogies between cities of Europe and Persia to show backwardness of the eastern settlements. They insisted political instability, traditionalism, and economic problems had most negative impacts on urban culture of Eastern Persia. Despite the emerging signs of civilization — in European eyes — the cities of the region never met their expectations of how ‘folktale-type’ cities of the East were to look like (including the observed stagnation and desolation). And the only exception therein was Mashhad.
Обычай «мэшрэп» как феномен традиционной культуры уйгуров Синьцзяна
Authors:   Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University (104, Lenin St., 675004 Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation), Buyarov Dmitry V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article examines one practice of social gatherings — meshrep — among Xinjiang Uyghurs characterized by distinctive culture with strong Islamic influences. Goals. The paper attempts a comprehensive description of meshrep’s structure. To facilitate this, the work shall characterize certain elements of the custom, consider the latter in historical retrospect, analyze some present-day risks and threats. Materials and methods. The study focuses on analytical insights into ethnographic and historical writings by Russian and foreign researchers. Tools of structural and sociocultural analysis coupled with a synergetic approach have proved most instrumental herein. Results. The Uyghur meshrep traditionally distinguished by its etiquettical and playful essentials used to imply a joint meal, prayers, literary recitals, musical accompaniments, singing and dancing. Meshrep was not only to entertain but rather to socialize and educate young people, which entailed certain fines and punishments for its violations. And far not all punishments were that comic, while real ones primarily comprised social condemnation. Participants of the Uighur meshrep would not only have fun together but also discuss and tackle topical challenges faced by their community. Conclusions. The significance of meshrep is emphasized by that this custom has been included in UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. Meshreps used to preserve and transmit traditions, socialize younger generations, and even serve as informal courts. Such meetings became widespread enough and took the form of sociopolitical clubs for national movement activists. In the twentieth century, the tradition began to weaken, and at the stage of restoration it was negatively influenced by the Chinese authorities: a truly folk custom would be replaced by mere commercialized performances.
Отражение единства человека и природы в мифологической картине мира (на материале русских, тувинских и башкирских фольклорных текстов)
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (10/3, Mikloukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Vorobiev Vladimir V. , Fatkullina Fluza G. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology (32, Zaki Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russian Federation), Khairullina Raisa H. ,   Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University (3-A, October Revolution St., 450008 Ufa, Russian Federation), Sknarev Dmitry S. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (10/3, Mikloukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article examines origins of ethnic culture as a worldview system. It makes the first attempt to review pre-scientific (profane) knowledge and ideas of man about the world and existence, coexistence with natural forces, animals and plants, worships of personified spirits represented in folk art and lore. Goals. The work outlines a linguocultural interpretation of how pagan ideas about the world as a special linguocultural model would be verbalized (in particular, a thematic block of the ‘man-and-nature’ model), the latter be expressed in folk narratives, ethnic markers and paremias of the Russian, Tuvan and Bashkir languages. Materials and methods. The study focuses on Russian, Tuvan and Bashkir folktales, legends and proverbs that reflect anthropocentric perceptions of the surrounding reality. The linguoculturological method (or linguoculturological fields one of acc. to V. Vorobiev) proves most instrumental in identifying certain cultural meanings and verbalized symbols of human understanding of the natural world determined by the system of ancient worldviews of Russian, Bashkir and Tuvan peoples — as manifested anthropological cultural codes in the analyzed texts, including paremias. The lexical-semantic and descriptive methods, those of comparative and diachronic analyses have been employed too. Results. Our linguocultural analysis reveals the paganism of Eastern Slavs as a set of mythological ideas from the pre-Christian era did find its reflections in the worldview of the Russian people: a naturalistic attitude towards nature entailed the endowment of objects of the material world with human traits. Traces of such understandings of the interaction between nature and man are still preserved in the everyday Russian linguistic picture of the world. In Bashkir mythology, animated descriptions of nature are traced in legends, rites, proverbs. Mythological ideas of Tuvans express the principle of unity between society and nature, while shamanism acts as a form of pagan beliefs proper. The paper resumes that elements of mythological worldviews related to archaic thinking at large and the whole lexical and paremiological corpora of the investigated languages still articulate archaic attitudes and cultural codes. The study describes a linguocultural mechanism of how mythological essentials are verbalized in Russian and Turkic (Bashkir, Tuvan) languages to reveal somewhat universal and ethnic features in worldviews of corresponding peoples.
El papel de la ferroptosis en la enfermedad renal diabética
Authors: Peña-Montes Donovan J. , Saavedra-Molina Alfredo
Published: December 2024

La enfermedad renal diabética (ERD) es una complicación grave de la diabetes y la principal causa de enfermedad renal terminal en México y el mundo. Esta revisión examina su compleja fisiopatología y se destaca el papel emergente de la ferroptosis, una forma de muerte celular regulada y desencadenada por la descoordinación metabólica del hierro, de los tioles y de los lípidos. La hiperglucemia crónica, característica de la diabetes, da lugar a una serie de eventos que incluyen el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación y las alteraciones metabólicas, creando un ambiente propicio para el desarrollo de la ferroptosis en el tejido renal. La evidencia reciente sugiere que la desregulación del metabolismo del hierro y la peroxidación lipídica exacerbada, son elementos clave para su aparición y que contribuyen significativamente al daño renal en la ERD. También se analizó la interacción entre los mecanismos tradicionales del daño renal diabético y la ferroptosis y cómo esta forma de muerte celular podría ser un nuevo objetivo de búsqueda terapéutica para ayudar al desarrollo de estrategias innovadoras de prevención y tratamiento de esta complicación.
Canal catiónico específico del espermatozoide: CatSper
Authors: Mendoza-Sánchez José Edwin , Chávez-Zamora Julio C. , Rodríguez-Tobón Ahiezer , Morales Otal Adriana , Arenas-Ríos Edith
Published: December 2024

El canal catiónico específico del espermatozoide (CatSper) es un canal conductor de calcio esencial para regular la movilidad hiperactivada y, en última instancia, la promoción de la fertilidad en los espermatozoides. Este canal se localiza en el flagelo del espermatozoide y está regulado por la alcalinización, el voltaje y diferentes moléculas presentes en el tracto reproductivo femenino. CatSper está compuesto por un complejo tetramérico de proteínas formadoras de poros, seis subunidades auxiliares y tres proteínas adicionales: C2CD6, SLCO6C1 y TEM249. La eliminación de cualquiera de estas subunidades impacta negativamente en la fertilidad masculina, ya que conduce a la pérdida o disminución de la actividad del canal. A pesar de su importancia, la incapacidad de expresar este canal iónico en sistemas heterólogos ha impedido una comprensión completa de su función y regulación. Sin embargo, el uso de diferentes técnicas y herramientas bioinformáticas han permitido avances en el estudio de su estructura y su conservación evolutiva. Estos estudios han revelado que la distribución filogenética de CatSper refleja adaptaciones en las subunidades que lo componen, al posibilitar que los espermatozoides experimenten diferentes estados fisiológicos, críticos para la fertilización del ovocito. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar detalladamente la estructura, la localización, la función, los mecanismos de activación y la conservación filogenética de CatSper, para proporcionar un panorama integral de su papel en la fertilidad masculina y su evolución a través del reino animal.
Memoria y hermenéutica: el recuerdo como acto de lectura en “Esterno giorno - Val Rosandra” de Claudio Magris
Authors: Brener Mizrahi Michelle
Published: December 2024

Este artículo aborda la relación entre memoria y hermenéutica en “Esterno giorno - Val Rosandra” de Claudio Magris, un relato que aborda los esfuerzos del protagonista por recordar su pasado a partir de una serie de representaciones mediadas de su juventud. Se parte de la estética de la recepción para plantear que, en el cuento, el recuerdo funciona como acto de lectura en tanto que estas memorias deben ser interpretadas, actualizadas e insertadas en el círculo hermenéutico. En otras palabras, la memoria se vuelve legible. Al mismo tiempo, la estructura del relato tiene un efecto en los procesos de concretización del lector pues, en “Esterno giorno”, los espacios vacíos se comportan como silencios, de modo que dichos procesos necesitan la red de representaciones y mediaciones intradiegéticas, lo cual presenta una variación importante con respecto a cómo se entiende el proceso habitual del acto de lectura. Se argumenta que la relación hermenéutica-memoria apunta hacia algunas interrogantes en la teoría de la recepción pues, al verse inserto en el círculo hermenéutico del protagonista, el lector se ve descentralizado. Si bien lo anterior no provoca una desestimación del planteamiento teórico, sí plantea la apertura de nuevas vías para la interpretación literaria.
“We found ourselves reduced to I”: la protesta afectiva y autorrepresentación en “The Rabbit Catcher” de Sylvia Plath
Authors: Estrada Zúñiga Sara
Published: December 2024

Desde que se acuñó en 1959, la poesía confesional, término que describe la poesía de corte biográfico y de crudeza emocional, ha suscitado reacciones diversas, provocando rechazo de parte de distintas escuelas de pensamiento. Por una parte, los estudios formalistas niegan la posibilidad de hacer lecturas bajo la lógica confesional porque se estaría incurriendo en la falacia intencional. Los estudios feministas, por otra parte, han problematizado el uso acrítico del término, dado que existe una tendencia a pensar que la escritura confesional no es literatura seria, sino únicamente garabatos que pertenecen a los diarios íntimos de las mujeres. Así, por su connotación mayormente peyorativa, una fracción de este campo de estudios se muestra reticente ante el uso del término y ha buscado desalentar dichas lecturas, ya que demeritan la labor de las escritoras. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, la etiqueta confesional se continúa usando para evaluar y leer, dentro y fuera de la academia, las obras de autoras como Sylvia Plath. En esta investigación, abordaré el poema “The Rabbit Catcher” (1962) de Sylvia Plath, el cual fue rescatado por Frieda Hughes, hija de la autora, en Ariel: the Restored Edition después de haber sido eliminado por su padre Ted Hughes, en la edición que publicó póstumamente de Ariel. Echando mano de los hechos biográficos que se conocen sobre Plath y las propuestas de Andrea Muriel López y Gabriela García Hubard, las cuales pertenecen al giro afectivo, analizaré cómo se manifiesta la autorrepresentación de Plath en dicho poema con el propósito de reflexionar en torno a la pertinencia del término confesional, y cómo éste informa las lecturas, para plantear que el caso de Plath es terreno fértil para acortar la distancia entre la supuesta objetividad del análisis intrínseco de un texto y la emocionalidad dentro y fuera de éste.
Cultura de donación de órganos en una población hospitalaria
Authors: Vargas-Jiménez Eduardo , Hernández-Mendoza Miyiki , Flores-Canales Braulio G. , Flores-Cruz Urid
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: analizar la cultura de donación de órganos en una población hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en el Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar No. 1 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Pachuca, Hidalgo, México; de diciembre 2023 a mayo 2024. Participaron 384 personas mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó el cuestionario validado: “Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante sobre Donación y Trasplante de Órganos”. Se realizó análisis univariado mediante el paquete spss v. 23 para obtener frecuencias simples y porcentajes. Resultados: se identificó que 75.3% de los participantes estaría dispuesto a donar sus órganos, mientras que 89.6% y 84.9% donaría un riñón y parte del hígado a un familiar, respectivamente. Además, 40.1% eligió la reciprocidad como motivo por el que donaría sus órganos, mientras que 61.2% consideró la posibilidad de donar los órganos de un familiar. En cuanto a las percepciones de sus familiares sobre el tema 66.7% refirió desconocer la opinión de su padre, mientras  62.5% y 66.4% desconocían la opinión de su madre y su pareja, respectivamente. Conclusión: la cultura de donación de órganos fue favorable en tres cuartas partes de los encuestados, este porcentaje aumenta cuando se trata de donar para un familiar. El principal motivo por el cual los encuestados estarían dispuestos a donar sus órganos fue la reciprocidad.
Efecto de la cirugía bariátrica sobre el microbioma intestinal: nuevos modelos preventivos y terapéuticos
Authors: González-Puga Dzhurinskaia Nakhli
Published: December 2024

Journal Club
Effects of three anesthesia and two tranquilizers’ protocols on stress response during handling in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hernández Méndez Sandra Elizabeth , González Alanis Pablo , Loredo Osti Jorge , Urbizu Gonzalez Ana Lucía
Published: December 2024

To determine the effect of anesthesia and tranquilization on the stress response of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) during a handling procedure. We assess three anesthetics: ketamine, MS222, and clove oil; and two tranquilizers: xylazine, and medetomidine, which were administrated by submersion in adult tilapia. Our results showed a significant difference in cortisol levels between treatments after handling procedure (P = 0.0002), where xylazine had the highest cortisol levels compared to the other treatments. We also found differences between induction and recovery times in the different treatments. Then, animals exposed to xylazine took longer to present induction effects, than the other treatments  (P < 0.0001). For recovery times, ketamine presents the longest recovery times, than clove oil and MS222, but not when compared to animals exposed to medetomidine and xylazine (P = 0.0019). We observed paleness in animals exposed to medetomidine.
“Estamos desempeñando un trabajo”: las futbolistas mexicanas de 1971 y la lucha por el profesionalismo
Authors: Pérez Uriarte Giovanni Alejandro
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se analiza la lucha de las jugadoras mexicanas por su reconocimiento como futbolistas profesionales durante el mundial México 1971. En ese contexto, abogaron por ser admitidas como deportistas profesionales en un ámbito donde sólo la participación masculina era socialmente aceptada. Su demanda se explica por la articulación de tres elementos: la emergencia de la segunda ola del feminismo, la organización sindical durante el sexenio de Luis Echeverría y la consolidación del futbol mexicano como un espectáculo deportivo. Aunque no consiguieron su objetivo, la lucha de las mexicanas representó una importante batalla a favor de la equidad de género dentro del deporte. La investigación se apoyó en fuentes hemerográficas y en entrevistas a las protagonistas.