bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localization-Free Detection of Replica Node Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Similarity Estimation with Group Deployment Knowledge
Authors: Ding Chao , Yang Lijun , Wu Meng
Published: January 2017

Due to the unattended nature and poor security guarantee of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), adversaries can easily make replicas of compromised nodes, and place them throughout the network to launch various types of attacks. Such an attack is dangerous because it enables the adversaries to control large numbers of nodes and extend the damage of attacks to most of the network with quite limited cost. To stop the node replica attack, we propose a location similarity-based detection scheme using deployment knowledge. Compared with prior solutions, our scheme provides extra functionalities that prevent replicas from generating false location claims without deploying resource-consuming localization techniques on the resource-constraint sensor nodes. We evaluate the security performance of our proposal under different attack strategies through heuristic analysis, and show that our scheme achieves secure and robust replica detection by increasing the cost of node replication. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of network environment on the proposed scheme through theoretic analysis and simulation experiments, and indicate that our scheme achieves effectiveness and efficiency with substantially lower communication, computational, and storage overhead than prior works under different situations and attack strategies.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Enables the Detection of Losses in Infusion Set Actuation (LISAs)
Authors: Howsmon Daniel , Cameron Faye , Baysal Nihat , Ly Trang , Forlenza Gregory , Maahs David , Buckingham Bruce , Hahn Juergen , Bequette B.
Published: January 2017

Reliable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) enables a variety of advanced technology for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. In addition to artificial pancreas algorithms that use CGM to automate continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), CGM can also inform fault detection algorithms that alert patients to problems in CGM or CSII. Losses in infusion set actuation (LISAs) can adversely affect clinical outcomes, resulting in hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin delivery. Prolonged hyperglycemia may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis—a serious metabolic complication in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, an algorithm for the detection of LISAs based on CGM and CSII signals was developed to improve patient safety. The LISA detection algorithm is trained retrospectively on data from 62 infusion set insertions from 20 patients. The algorithm collects glucose and insulin data, and computes relevant fault metrics over two different sliding windows; an alarm sounds when these fault metrics are exceeded. With the chosen algorithm parameters, the LISA detection strategy achieved a sensitivity of 71.8% and issued 0.28 false positives per day on the training data. Validation on two independent data sets confirmed that similar performance is seen on data that was not used for training. The developed algorithm is able to effectively alert patients to possible infusion set failures in open-loop scenarios, with limited evidence of its extension to closed-loop scenarios.
Modulation Index Adjustment for Recovery of Pure Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy Second Harmonic Signal Waveforms
Authors: Wei Wei , Chang Jun , Wang Qiang , Qin Zengguang
Published: January 2017

A new technique of modulation index adjustment for pure wavelength modulation spectroscopy second harmonic signal waveforms recovery is presented. As the modulation index is a key parameter in determining the exact form of the signals generated by the technique of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, the method of modulation index adjustment is applied to recover the second harmonic signal with wavelength modulation spectroscopy. By comparing the measured profile with the theoretical profile by calculation, the relationship between the modulation index and average quantities of the scanning wavelength can be obtained. Furthermore, when the relationship is applied in the experimental setup by point-by-point modulation index modification for gas detection, the results show good agreement with the theoretical profile and signal waveform distortion (such as the amplitude modulation effect caused by diode laser) can be suppressed. Besides, the method of modulation index adjustment can be used in many other aspects which involve profile improvement. In practical applications, when the amplitude modulation effect can be neglected and the stability of the detection system is limited by the sampling rate of analog-to-digital, modulation index adjustment can be used to improve detection into softer inflection points and solve the insufficient sampling problem. As a result, measurement stability is improved by 40%.
Modeling and Calibration of a Novel One-Mirror Galvanometric Laser Scanner
Authors: Yu Chengyi , Chen Xiaobo , Xi Juntong
Published: January 2017

A laser stripe sensor has limited application when a point cloud of geometric samples on the surface of the object needs to be collected, so a galvanometric laser scanner is designed by using a one-mirror galvanometer element as its mechanical device to drive the laser stripe to sweep along the object. A novel mathematical model is derived for the proposed galvanometer laser scanner without any position assumptions and then a model-driven calibration procedure is proposed. Compared with available model-driven approaches, the influence of machining and assembly errors is considered in the proposed model. Meanwhile, a plane-constraint-based approach is proposed to extract a large number of calibration points effectively and accurately to calibrate the galvanometric laser scanner. Repeatability and accuracy of the galvanometric laser scanner are evaluated on the automobile production line to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed calibration method. Experimental results show that the proposed calibration approach yields similar measurement performance compared with a look-up table calibration method.
Optical Tip Clearance Measurements as a Tool for Rotating Disk Characterization
Authors: García Iker , Zubia Joseba , Beloki Josu , Arrue Jon , Durana Gaizka , Aldabaldetreku Gotzon
Published: January 2017

An experimental investigation on the vibrational behavior of a rotating disk by means of three optical fiber sensors is presented. The disk, which is a scale model of the real disk of an aircraft engine, was assembled in a wind tunnel in order to simulate real operation conditions. The pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the disk causes an airflow that might force the disk to vibrate. To characterize this vibration, a set of parameters was determined by measuring the tip clearance of the disk: the amplitude, the frequency and the number of nodal diameters in the disk. All this information allowed the design of an upgraded prototype of the disk, whose performance was also characterized by the same method. An optical system was employed for the measurements, in combination with a strain gauge mounted on the disk surface, which served to confirm the results obtained. The data of the strain gauge coincided closely with those provided by the optical fiber sensors, thus demonstrating the suitability of this innovative technique to evaluate the vibrational behavior of rotating disks.
Distributed Demand Side Management with Battery Storage for Smart Home Energy Scheduling
Authors: Longe Omowunmi , Ouahada Khmaies , Rimer Suvendi , Harutyunyan Ashot , Ferreira Hendrik
Published: January 2017

The role of Demand Side Management (DSM) with Distributed Energy Storage (DES) has been gaining attention in recent studies due to the impact of the latter on energy management in the smart grid. In this work, an Energy Scheduling and Distributed Storage (ESDS) algorithm is proposed to be installed into the smart meters of Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing consumers possessing in-home energy storage devices. Source of energy supply to the smart home appliances was optimized between the utility grid and the DES device depending on energy tariff and consumer demand satisfaction information. This is to minimize consumer energy expenditure and maximize demand satisfaction simultaneously. The ESDS algorithm was found to offer consumer-friendly and utility-friendly enhancements to the DSM program such as energy, financial, and investment savings, reduced/eliminated consumer dissatisfaction even at peak periods, Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAR) demand reduction, grid energy sustainability, socio-economic benefits, and other associated benefits such as environmental-friendliness.
How Do Differences in Land Ownership Types in China Affect Land Development? A Case from Beijing
Authors: Huang Daquan , Huang Yuncheng , Zhao Xingshuo , Liu Zhen
Published: January 2017

China has a unique land use system in which there are two types of land ownership, namely, state-owned urban land and farmer collective-owned rural land. Despite strict restrictions on the use rights of farmer collective-owned land, rural land is, in fact, developed along two pathways: it is formally acquired by the state and transferred into state ownership, or it is informally developed while remaining in collective ownership. Taking Beijing, the capital, as an example, and using data from land use surveys in the Changping district of the city, this paper examines the spatial patterns and characteristics of land development along these two pathways, and sets up a multinomial logit model to test whether land development with and without ownership change was affected by the same factors. The findings suggest that: (1) development on collective-owned land is more spatially scattered, and its links to public infrastructure are weaker; (2) transportation infrastructure, farmer income, spatial location, and previous land usage are the major factors that affect land development; nevertheless, the influences of the factors are different for the two pathways.
Does Suburbanization Cause Ecological Deterioration? An Empirical Analysis of Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Hefeng , Shi Yishao , Zhang Anbing , Cao Yuan , Liu Haixin
Published: January 2017

Suburbanization in the US largely occurred to solve various urban problems; however, it has also caused many issues, such as the decline of central urban areas, the waste of land resources, and the deterioration of ecological environments in the suburbs. Therefore, the study of suburbanization has received considerable attention in academia. Scholars have argued that suburbanization leads to ecological deterioration. To examine this viewpoint, the authors analyzed spatial-temporal changes in the ambient environment, the soil environment, the water environment, and other ecological environments, as well as carbon emissions of the central urban areas and the suburbs, in the suburbanization process exemplified by Shanghai. The results showed that suburbanization indeed caused many changes in ecological and environmental quality, but that the overall environmental quality in the suburbs of Shanghai remained better than that in the central urban area. It is important not to exaggerate the negative impact of suburbanization in metropolitan areas on the quality of the surrounding ecological environments. However, great attention must be given to controlling the diffusion of pollutants resulting from industrial and population suburbanization. It is also crucial to continue strengthening ecological environmental remediation, improvement, and recovery in the central urban area, and to comprehensively promote the coordinated development of agricultural modernization, industrial aggregation, low-carbon urbanization, and ecological sustainability, in both urban and rural areas.
Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor
Authors: Komissarov Ivan V , Kovalchuk Nikolai G , Labunov Vladimir A , Girel Ksenia V , Korolik Olga V , Tivanov Mikhail S , Lazauskas Algirdas , Andrulevičius Mindaugas , Tamulevičius Tomas , Grigaliūnas Viktoras , Meškinis Šarunas , Tamulevičius Sigitas , Prischepa Serghej L
Published: January 2017

We present Raman studies of graphene films grown on copper foil by atmospheric pressure CVD with n-decane as a precursor, a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen as the carrier gas, under different hydrogen flow rates. A novel approach for the processing of the Raman spectroscopy data was employed. It was found that in particular cases, the various parameters of the Raman spectra can be assigned to fractions of the films with different thicknesses. In particular, such quantities as the full width at half maximum of the 2D peak and the position of the 2D graphene band were successfully applied for the elaborated approach. Both the G- and 2D-band positions of single layer fractions were blue-shifted, which could be associated with the nitrogen doping of studied films. The XPS study revealed the characteristics of incorporated nitrogen, which was found to have a binding energy around 402 eV. Moreover, based on the statistical analysis of spectral parameters and the observation of a G-resonance, the twisted nature of the double-layer fraction of graphene grown with a lower hydrogen feeding rate was demonstrated. The impact of the varied hydrogen flow rate on the structural properties of graphene and the nitrogen concentration is also discussed.
Studying friction while playing the violin: exploring the stick–slip phenomenon
Authors: Casado Santiago
Published: January 2017

Controlling the stick–slip friction phenomenon is of major importance for many familiar situations. This effect originates from the periodic rupture of junctions created between two rubbing surfaces due to the increasing shear stress at the interface. It is ultimately responsible for the behavior of many braking systems, earthquakes, and unpleasant squeaky sounds caused by the scratching of two surfaces. In the case of a musical bow-stringed instrument, stick–slip is controlled in order to provide well-tuned notes at different intensities. A trained ear is able to distinguish slight sound variations caused by small friction differences. Hence, a violin can be regarded as a perfect benchmark to explore the stick–slip effect at the mesoscale. Two violin bow hairs were studied, a natural horse tail used in a professional philharmonic orchestra, and a synthetic one used with a violin for beginners. Atomic force microscopy characterization revealed clear differences when comparing the surfaces of both bow hairs, suggesting that a structure having peaks and a roughness similar to that of the string to which both bow hairs rubbed permits a better control of the stick–slip phenomenon.
Competition or cooperation in a hub and spoke-shipping network: the case of the North Adriatic container terminals
Authors: Tuljak-Suban Danijela
Published: January 2017

This article examines the problem of the competition or cooperation of the container terminals in the North Adriatic hub and spoke system with respect to the leadership position of the ship owners, which defines the flow of containers. The problem is defined as a two-stage game where the shipping companies act as leaders and the container terminals are the followers. The stages of the game are defined as a multi-objective optimization problem on a graph. The proposed simulations and the results obtained could be a first step in defining a sustainable method of collabora-tion in the hub and spoke system between the ports and the ship owners. The purpose of the article is also to present a systematic examination of a hub and spoke port network based on a competition–cooperation model. The model could also be used by the shipping companies or container terminals to find an optimal strategy in the game and validate their business decisions.
ASSESSING EFFECTS OF BUS SERVICE QUALITY ON PASSENGERS’ TAXI-HIRING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Wang Hong-Wei , Peng Zhong-Ren , Lu Qing-Chang , Sun Daniel (Jian) , Bai Cong
Published: January 2017

Due to low quality of bus service in a congested road network, some bus-waiting travelers would take taxis instead in order to save time or get to their destinations on time. However, the correlation between bus service quality and passengers’ taxi-hiring behavior is essentially unknown. This paper aims to assess the effects of bus service quality on taxi-hiring behavior based on historical data from the Global Position Systems (GPS) equipped buses and taxis in the city of Shenzhen, China. The taxi-hiring behavior is captured by analyzing the taxi-data, such as the origins of passenger pick-up, destinations of passengers drop-off, and taxi paths from the taxi movement data. The quality of bus service is assessed based on the bus location information. Parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric models are developed to explore the effects of bus service quality on taxi-hiring behavior. The results indicate that bus speed, headway and stoppage time are the core factors affecting passengers’ taxi-hiring behavior. Availability of metro, time of the day and bus route directions are the secondary important factors. This study shows that when buses run with relatively low and stable speed, taxi-hiring behavior is sensitive to the slight change of bus speed. More passengers would like to take taxis when bus speed starts to decline, or speed or stoppage time of buses tends to be irregular. However, the effects of bus headway on taxi-hiring behavior are more complicated. A specific turning point (coefficient of variability of mean headway ≈ 0.7) in the relationship between taxi-hiring behavior and bus headway is shown in this paper. Based on data mining and model development, this research presents details on attributes of bus service that drive passengers to switch to taxis and how changes in those attributes encourage modal shift from buses to taxis.
LENS MODEL AND TIME DELAY PREDICTIONS FOR THE SEXTUPLY LENSED QUASAR SDSS J2222+2745*
Authors: Sharon Keren , Bayliss Matthew B. , Dahle Håkon , Florian Michael K. , Gladders Michael D. , Johnson Traci L. , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Rigby Jane R. , Whitaker Katherine E. , Wuyts Eva
Published: January 2017

SDSS J2222+2745 is a galaxy cluster at z = 0.49, strongly lensing a quasar at z = 2.805 into six widely separated images. In recent Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the field, we identify additional multiply lensed galaxies and confirm the sixth quasar image that was identified by Dahle et al. We used the Gemini-North telescope to measure a spectroscopic redshift of z = 4.56 of one of the lensed galaxies. These data are used to refine the lens model of SDSS J2222+2745, compute the time delay and magnifications of the lensed quasar images, and reconstruct the source image of the quasar host and a lensed galaxy at z = 2.3. This galaxy also appears in absorption in our Gemini spectra of the lensed quasar, at a projected distance of 34 kpc. Our model is in agreement with the recent time delay measurements of Dahle et al., who found τ
AB = 47.7 ± 6.0 days and τ
AC = −722 ± 24 days. We use the observed time delays to further constrain the model, and find that the model-predicted time delays of the three faint images of the quasar are τ
AD = 502 ± 68 days, τ
AE = 611 ± 75 days, and τ
AF = 415 ± 72 days. We have initiated a follow-up campaign to measure these time delays with Gemini North. Finally, we present initial results from an X-ray monitoring program with Swift, indicating the presence of hard X-ray emission from the lensed quasar, as well as extended X-ray emission from the cluster itself, which is consistent with the lensing mass measurement and the cluster velocity dispersion.
Viral Blips were Infrequent in Treatment-Naive Adults Treated with Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF or Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF through 96 Weeks
Authors: Porter Danielle P , Kulkarni Rima , Garner Will , Miller Michael D , White Kirsten L
Published: January 2017

Background

The clinical impact of transient episodes of HIV viraemia (viral blips) on virological failure and resistance development is not fully understood. Here we investigated the blip frequency and virological outcomes of HIV-1-infected subjects experiencing viral blips among treatment-naive subjects initiating therapy on rilpivirine (RPV)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF through 96 weeks of treatment.

Methods

Subjects treated with at least one dose of study drug and with at least one post-baseline HIV-1 RNA value were included in this analysis. All on-drug HIV-1 RNA data points and FDA snapshot outcome data through week 96 were utilized. A viral blip was defined as after achieving confirmed suppression (two consecutive HIV-1 RNA values <50 copies/ml), any HIV-1 RNA value ≥50 copies/ml preceded and followed by HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml.

Results

Of the 717 subjects with confirmed suppression, 67 (9.3%) experienced ≥1 blip through week 96 with similar blip frequencies occurring in both treatment arms (10.7% RPV/FTC/TDF versus 8.0% EFV/FTC/TDF; P=0.25). A significantly higher proportion of subjects with baseline HIV-1 RNA >100,000 copies/ml experienced blips compared to subjects with baseline HIV-1 RNA ≤100,000 copies/ml and this was observed in both arms. Of 72 total blip events, 61 (85%) were low-level (50-199 copies/ml). Overall, among subjects with blips, 79% were virological successes at week 96, similar to those subjects without blips (83%; P=0.50). More subjects with blips ≥200 copies/ml experienced virological failure compared to subjects with blips <200 copies/ml (36.4% versus 7.1%; P=0.02).

Conclusions

Viral blips were infrequent and similar among subjects treated with RPV/FTC/TDF or EFV/FTC/TDF. Most blips were low-level and most subjects with blips remained virologically suppressed through week 96 without experiencing virological failure.
The Impact of Viral Load and Time to Onset of Cytomegalovirus Replication on Long-Term Graft Survival after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Reischig Tomas , Kacer Martin , Hruba Petra , Jindra Pavel , Hes Ondrej , Lysak Daniel , Bouda Mirko , Viklicky Ondrej
Published: January 2017

Background

Asymptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with graft dysfunction and failure. However, no study assessed CMV viral load in terms of the risk for graft failure.

Methods

In a prospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients, we assessed the impact of CMV DNAemia on the overall graft survival and the incidence of moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) in protocol biopsy at 36 months. CMV DNAemia was stratified by viral load in whole blood.

Results

A total of 180 patients transplanted from October 2003 through January 2011 were included and followed for 4 years; 87 (48%) patients received 3-month prophylaxis with valacyclovir and 45 (25%) with valganciclovir; 48 (27%) were managed by pre-emptive therapy. Within 12 months of transplantation, CMV DNAemia developed in 102 (57%) patients with 36 (20%) having a viral load of ≥2,000 copies/ml. Multivariate Cox analysis identified CMV DNAemia as an independent risk factor for graft loss (hazard ratio 3.42; P=0.020); however, after stratification by viral load, only CMV DNAemia ≥2,000 copies/ml (hazard ratio 7.62; P<0.001) remained significant. Both early-onset (<3 months; P=0.048) and late-onset (>3 months; P<0.001) CMV DNAemia ≥2,000 copies/ml were risk factors for graft loss. The incidence of moderate-to-severe IF/TA was not significantly influenced by CMV DNAemia.

Conclusions

Kidney transplant recipients having CMV DNAemia with a higher viral load irrespective of the time to onset are at increased risk for graft loss.
Changes in Treatment Patterns in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Initiating Biologic and Nonbiologic Therapy in a Clinical Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Lesperance Tamara , Liu Mei , Collier David H. , Mason Marc , Deveikis Sabrina , Accortt Neil A.
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Treatment options for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have increased and improved in the past decade; treatment patterns in PsA remain poorly understood. Understanding current practices would aid in treatment management of patients with PsA.

Methods.

This observational study was based on data from the Corrona registry of adult patients with PsA in North America collected between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012. Patients were divided among 3 therapy cohorts: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) monotherapy, methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, and TNFi and MTX combination therapy. Patients were further divided among 3 study periods to understand changes over time: 2004–2006, 2007–2009, and 2010–2012. Data were collected on persistence, discontinuation, restarting, switching, adding/dropping therapy, and dose stretching.

Results.

This study included 520 patients: 190 TNFi monotherapy, 217 MTX monotherapy, and 113 combination therapy; 110 from 2004 to 2006, 192 from 2007 to 2009, and 218 from 2010 to 2012. Over time, the proportion of patients initiating TNFi monotherapy decreased, while the proportion initiating combination therapy remained constant. The percentage of patients who were persistent decreased over time across all therapy cohorts, but remained higher in TNFi monotherapy than in other cohorts. Duration of persistence decreased over time. Patients initiating MTX monotherapy were more likely than their TNFi counterparts to add therapy.

Conclusion.

Treatment patterns in patients with PsA have changed from 2004 to 2012. Physicians are not more likely to initiate TNFi monotherapy, although clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness has increased over this study period, and patients remain more persistent with it.
Incidence of Malignancy Prior to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–associated Vasculitis Compared to the General Population
Authors: van Daalen Emma E. , Rahmattulla Chinar , Wolterbeek Ron , Bruijn Jan A. , Bajema Ingeborg M.
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Previous studies have reported an increased malignancy risk preceding antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV), suggesting common pathogenic pathways in these 2 entities. However, the study results were conflicting and often limited to patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Here, we study the malignancy risk prior to AAV diagnosis [either GPA or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)] to elaborate on the putative association between malignancy and AAV.

Methods.

A total of 203 patients were selected for the current study. Malignancies prior to AAV diagnosis were identified using a nationwide pathology database, and their occurrence was verified by reviewing the medical files of 145 patients (71.4%). The malignancy incidence was compared to the general population by calculation of standardized incidence ratios (SIR), matching for sex, age, and time period. SIR were calculated for 2 intervals: < 2 years and ≥ 2 years prior to AAV diagnosis. Separate analyses were performed for GPA and MPA.

Results.

The overall risk for malignancy prior to AAV diagnosis was similar to that of the general population (SIR 0.96, 95% CI 0.55–1.57), as was true when risks were analyzed by malignancy type, including skin, bladder, kidney, lung, stomach, rectum, and uterus (SIR ranged from 1.64 to 4.14). We found no significant difference in malignancy risk between patients with GPA and MPA.

Conclusion.

Our findings do not support the hypothesis that preceding malignancies and AAV have a causal relationship or shared pathogenic pathways.
Giant Cell Arteritis–related Stroke: A Retrospective Multicenter Case-control Study
Authors: de Boysson Hubert , Liozon Eric , Larivière Delphine , Samson Maxime , Parienti Jean-Jacques , Boutemy Jonathan , Maigné Gwénola , Martin Silva Nicolas , Ly Kim , Touzé Emmanuel , Bonnotte Bernard , Aouba Achille , Sacré Karim , Bienvenu Boris
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Our aim was to describe patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA)–related stroke and to compare them with a control group of GCA patients without stroke.

Methods.

We created a retrospective multicenter cohort of patients with (1) GCA diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria between 1995 and 2015, and (2) stroke occurring at the time of GCA diagnosis or occurring within 4 weeks of starting GCA therapy. The control group consisted of GCA patients without stroke.

Results.

Forty patients [21 women (53%), median age 78 (60–91) yrs] with GCA-related stroke were included and were compared with 200 control patients. Stroke occurred at GCA diagnosis in 29 patients (73%), whereas it occurred after diagnosis in 11 patients. Vertebrobasilar territory was involved in 29 patients (73%). Seven patients died within a few hours or days following stroke. Compared with the control group, stroke patients had more ophthalmic ischemic symptoms [25 (63%) vs 50 (25%), p < 0.001]. Conversely, they demonstrated lower biological inflammatory variables [C-reactive protein: 61 (28–185) mg/l vs 99 (6–400) mg/l, p = 0.04] and less anemia [22/37 (59%) vs 137/167 (79%), p = 0.03] than patients without stroke. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the best predictors for the occurrence of stroke were the presence of ophthalmic ischemic symptoms at diagnosis (OR 5, 95% CI 2.14–12.33, p = 0.0002) and the absence of anemia (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.99, p = 0.04).

Conclusion.

Stroke, especially in the vertebrobasilar territory, is more likely to occur in patients with GCA who experience recent ophthalmic ischemic symptoms and who exhibit low inflammatory variables.
Rate of Strabismus Detection on Digital Photographs Increases by Using Off-center Near Target
Authors: Maor Ron , Holland Joanna , Tailor Vijay , Banteka Marina , Khandelwal Payal , Glaze Selina , Barnard Simon , Yashiv Yuval , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret H.
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To increase the detection rate of strabismus on digital photographs, with the ultimate aim of developing a new automated strabismus detection algorithm.

Methods:

In this prospective case series, the authors acquired digital face photographs of 409 children with manifest or latent strabismus, using a 14-million–pixel camera with CCD image sensor. Of the last 52 enrolled, 34 image sets were selected for this study: 29 with manifest and 5 with latent strabismus. Images were taken at a distance of 40 to 70 cm in primary position, with the camera lens as the fixation target and in slight off-center fixation, and using a novel target of small light-emitting diodes mounted onto the camera case. The location of the corneal light reflection was manually calculated in relation to the center of the pupil in both eyes and ocular deviation as the difference in corneal light reflection location between the two eyes. In orthotropia, the expected deviation is zero.

Results:

In children with phorias, the mean corneal light reflection location difference between the eyes was −0.10 ± 0.14 mm in primary position and −2.02 ± 0.39 mm in off-center fixation. Using a threshold of ±0.5 mm on either side of zero for central and of 2 mm for off-center fixation, sensitivity to detect strabismus increased from 65.6% in central to 79.3% in off-center fixation, respectively. The calculation of specificity will require inclusion of a population of individuals without strabismus.

Conclusions:

Off-center fixation onto a near target ensures that participants are actively looking at the target and may increase accommodative effort, thereby increasing the detection rate of strabismus.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(2):90–96.]
Intraocular Pressure Changes Following Intravitreal Melphalan and Topotecan for the Treatment of Retinoblastoma With Vitreous Seeding
Authors: Karl Matthew D. , Francis Jasmine H. , Iyer Saipriya , Marr Brian , Abramson David H.
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To investigate the impact of intravitreal chemotherapy on intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with retinoblastoma.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of 10 eyes of 10 patients with retinoblastoma (7 males, 3 females, mean age: 33.6 ± 9.4 months) with vitreous seeding injected with intravitreal melphalan and topotecan. IOP was measured with Tonopen (Reichert, Inc., Buffalo, NY) at baseline prior to injecting and then repeatedly following each intravitreal injection.

Results:

Mean pre-injection IOP was 8.2 ± 2.3 mm Hg (range: 4 to 12 mm Hg). Mean IOP 1 to 30 seconds after intravitreal melphalan (first injection) was 45.4 ± 14.3 mm Hg. The IOP of 89.5% of patients declined to 29 mm Hg or less in a mean 153.3 ± 97.5 seconds. Mean IOP 1 to 30 seconds after intravitreal topotecan (second injection) was 44.5 ± 11.0 mm Hg, which decreased to 31.0 ± 5.0 mm Hg by 150 seconds after injection. No significant relationship was found between age and post-injection IOP elevation. IOP exceeded the calculated mean arterial perfusion pressure in four encounters.

Conclusions:

Intravitreal chemotherapy caused a transient rise in IOP. Post-injection IOP elevations can reach levels that may exceed mean arterial pressure.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(3):185–190.]
El nuevo corte estratigráfico del yacimiento paleolítico de San Isidro (Madrid) de Emilio Rotondo sito en la Cátedra de Geología de la Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos de Madrid
Authors: Sanz Pérez Eugenio , Menéndez-Pidal de Navascués Ignacio
Published: January 2017

Se da cuenta de un nuevo tablero del corte estratigráfico del yacimiento paleolítico de San Isidro realizado por Emilio Rotondo. Conserva la única descripción detallada de su estratigrafía, lo que contribuye a mejorar la información de este histórico yacimiento. Se identifican 34 niveles por sus características granulométricas, color, espesor y estructura. Dos de ellos tenían material arqueológico: la capa 26 de arenas y arcillas con industria lítica y restos de mamíferos fósiles (también las capas inferiores 27-28-29-30) y la capa 34 de gravas con industria lítica.
POR UMA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR QUE SE SENTE: EXPERIÊNCIA DE AULA INCLUSIVA COM UMA ALUNA SURDO-CEGA
Authors: Balestrim Fernanda Viana , Fonseca Ricardo Lopes , Torres Eloiza Cristiane
Published: January 2017

A presente pesquisa versa sobre a relevância da Educação Inclusiva, seus princípios balizadores, as normas que a regulariza no Brasil e no Estado do Paraná. Tem ainda como objetivos apresentar dados que comprovam sua gradativa ocorrência nas escolas brasileiras para que, diante da sua leitura, possa evidenciar a necessidade do compromisso do corpo docente com relação à importância da sua autoavaliação no que concerne suas práticas de ensino, objetivando a adequação para a oferta de um ensino de qualidade para estes alunos portadores de deficiência.  Trata-se da importância da disciplina geográfica na oferta da autonomia intelectual e social destes alunos e oferece, a partir da prática ofertada aos alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio Estadual Hugo Simas, em Londrina-Paraná que acolhe uma aluna portadora de múltiplas deficiências sendo uma possibilidade de efetivação da inclusão de alunos surdos-cegos em escolas regulares.
COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO DAS UNIDADES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTALEGRE, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Souza Neto Luiz Tavernard de , Grígio Alfredo Marcelo , Carvalho Rodrigo Guimarães de
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a identificação e a compartimentação das unidades geomorfológicas do município de Portalegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O território do Município abrange uma área aproximada de 110,05 km², o que equivale a cerca de 0,21% do território do estado, e apresenta em seus limites políticos administrativos geográficos algumas características que o diferencia do contexto do semiárido Nordestino. A compartimentação das unidades geomorfológicas foi produto de observações in loco, geração do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), Sensoriamento Remoto e dos procedimentos teórico-metodológicos relativos à classificação das unidades taxonômicas do relevo (ROSS, 1992). O platô de Portalegre tem uma elevação máxima de720 metros de altitude. Apresenta regime pluviométrico bastante acentuado com médias de 1.180,63 mm/ano. Na área de estudo, observa-se na contextualização geomorfológica morfoescultural a presença de superfícies tabulares, áreas de topos aguçados e sistemas de vertentes que modelam a paisagem e estão localizadas em meio a Depressão Sertaneja. O relevo de Portalegre sofre influência da resistência da condição litológica pertinente a formação geológica Serra do Martins e do clima tropical quente e úmido, inserido no domínio morfoclimático da Caatinga. É imperativo destacar a importância do estudo do relevo para formulação de políticas de planejamento ambiental e territorial.
ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM NA REGIÃO DO SACO DA FAZENDA, ITAJAÍ/SC ATRAVÉS DO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO
Authors: Fisch Fabiane , Menezes João Thadeu de , Branco Joaquim Olinto
Published: January 2017

O crescimento e a expansão dos aglomerados urbanos necessitam de políticas públicas que permitam a gestão do uso e ocupação do solo, além de práticas que o viabilizem uma urbanização racional dos espaços, compatibilizando os elementos de origem antropogênica com os atributos naturais. Sistemas de Informação Geográfica têm contribuído nas pesquisas que avaliam o crescimento da urbanização sobre o ambiente natural, considerando atributos relacionados à qualidade da paisagem. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações na qualidade da paisagem, utilizando como parâmetro o Índice de Qualidade da Paisagem (IQP), na região do Saco da Fazenda, Itajaí/SC, entre os períodos de 1938 e 2013. Para isto foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas para os anos de 1938, 1957, 1978, 1995 e 2004, na forma de mosaicos georreferenciados, e imagens de satélite georreferenciadas para os anos de 2009 e 2013. Para a classificação das imagens foi realizada uma classificação manual, sendo utilizadas 10 classes. Os resultados do IQP (Índice de Qualidade da Paisagem) para os anos analisados foram de uma qualidade da paisagem “Média” para a área de estudo, porém numa possível replicação deste trabalho, em anos futuros, os resultados da qualidade da paisagem desta região tendem a ser alterados para a classe “Baixa”. Esta situação está relacionada a uma ampliação das classes do meio socioeconômico sobre as áreas remanescentes de vegetação herbácea, solo exposto e planície de inundação, podendo ocasionar o esgotamento da paisagem. Neste trabalho foi possível verificar as alterações na qualidade da paisagem da região avaliada, indicando uma possível degradação da mesma. Avaliações prévias da qualidade da paisagem podem contribuir para o planejamento da expansão de áreas urbanas, permitindo uma melhor adequação das intervenções, diminuindo os impactos negativos na paisagem.
MASSEY, DOREEN. PELO ESPAÇO: UMA NOVA POLÍTICA DA ESPACIALIDADE. MACIEL, HILDA P.; HAESBAERT, ROGÉRIO (TRAD.). 3. ED. RIO DE JANEIRO: BERTRAND BRASIL, 2012. 314P.
Authors: Da Silva Luan Do Carmo
Published: January 2017

Resenha do livro "Pelo Espaço: uma nova política da espacialidade" de Doreen Massey. São apontados os principais elementos trazidos pela autora a fim de promover o debate por quem pensa o espaço.
ESTUDOS DA FRAGMENTAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM NA DEFINIÇÃO DE ÁREAS PRIORITÁRIAS PARA A RECUPERAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO BURANHÉM
Authors: De Azevedo Dayse Gomes , Gomes Ronaldo Lima , De Moraes Maria Eugênia Bruck
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar áreas prioritárias para recuperação ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Buranhém (BHRB), a partir da análise das características dos atributos físico-ambientais e de uso e ocupação do solo da bacia, aliada a análise da fragmentação florestal obtida a partir da utilização de conceitos e métricas da Ecologia da Paisagem. Para tanto a metodologia adotada inicialmente consolidou, em ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), as informações dos atributos físico-ambientais a exemplo de formas de relevo, substrato rochoso e solos, e de uso e ocupação do solo, obtidas através de informações de modelo digital do terreno e de sensores remotos. Com o entendimento da distribuição dos atributos físico-ambientais na bacia, foi possível definir 10 unidades geoambientais homogêneas. Em seguida, em ambiente SIG, utilizando as métricas da Ecologia da Paisagem, foram analisados os fragmentos florestais em toda a área da bacia, incluindo a análise de suas características individuais em cada uma das 10 unidades geoambientais mapeadas e em APP – Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Os resultados encontrados atestam o cenário em que a BHRB está ocupada predominantemente por áreas de pastagens e apenas 18,44% de remanescentes florestais, que se encontram, em grande parte da bacia, fragmentados com dimensões variando entre 3 a 10ha e com formas irregulares devido ao processo de ocupação. Por fim, para cada uma das unidades geoambientais mapeadas foram elencadas áreas favoráveis a recuperação ambiental, com destaque para as APP de faixa marginal a corpos d água e nascentes, em virtude do seu uso intensificado por pastagens, devendo ser priorizadas a fim de contribuir para uma maior conectividade dos fragmentos florestais.
LEVANTAMENTO DAS MATAS CILIARES NAS ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DOS FUNDOS DE VALE NA CIDADE DE LONDRINA-PR
Authors: Riujim Fabiane Bacon , Alves da Cunha Fábio Cesar
Published: January 2017

As matas ciliares exercem uma função de significativa importância para a proteção e preservação dos recursos hídricos localizados em áreas rurais e urbanas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo o mapeamento das matas ciliares nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente dos fundos de vale da Área de Expansão Urbana de Londrina-PR através do uso de imagem orbital SPOT, de 2009, imagens disponíveis no aplicativo online Google Earth e levantamento de campo no ano de 2012. O mapeamento foi elaborado através do software ArcView GIS 3.2, contextualizado nas bacias hidrográficas abrangidas pela área de expansão urbana de Londrina, o que resultou na classificação da vegetação da mata ciliar e suas áreas de ausência. A partir do destaque destas áreas de ausência é que se propôs então seu reflorestamento visando sua recuperação, a proteção dos corpos hídricos e, consequentemente, a reconstituição de corredores ecológicos que propiciam a mobilidade de uma fauna existente.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Acute Skin Trauma
Authors: Beam Joel W. , Buckley Bernadette , Holcomb William R. , Ciocca Mario
Published: January 2017

Objective: 

To present recommendations for the cleansing, debridement, dressing, and monitoring of acute skin trauma in patients.

Background: 

Acute skin trauma is common during participation in athletic and recreational activities. Clinical decisions and intervention protocols after injury vary among athletic trainers and are often based on ritualistic practices. An understanding of cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques; clinical features of infection and adverse reactions; and monitoring of acute skin trauma is critical for certified athletic trainers and other allied health and medical professionals to create a local wound environment that promotes healing and lessens the risk of complications.

Recommendations: 

These guidelines are intended to provide the certified athletic trainer and others participating in athletic health care with specific knowledge about and recommendations for the management of acute skin trauma.
Athletic Training Students Demonstrate Airway Management Skill Decay, but Retain Knowledge over 6 Months
Authors: Popp Jennifer K. , Berry David C.
Published: January 2017

Context: Airway management (AM) knowledge and skills are taught in all athletic training programs; however, research suggests that skill decay occurs with acute care skills as length of nonpractice increases.

Objective: Evaluate retention of AM knowledge and skills, specifically oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) use, in athletic training students.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five students (8 males, 17 females; age = 21.12 ± 1.42 years) enrolled in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited professional athletic training programs.

Intervention(s): Participants' AM knowledge and skills were assessed 5 times (baseline–T4). The baseline assessment was followed by an educational review session. Participants were reassessed (T1) before being randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group's AM knowledge and skills were reevaluated at 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4), and the control group's at 6 months (T4).

Main Outcome Measure(s): Dependent variables of AM knowledge and skills scores. Groups served as the independent variable. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with between-participants and within-participants effects assessed changes in knowledge skills scores.

Results: Testing revealed no significant differences between the groups on knowledge (F2.00,46.00 = 0.37, P = .70) and overall clinical skills (F1.57,36.17 = 0.09, P = .87). A significant main effect for time on knowledge (F2.00,46.00 = 28.44, P < .001) found baseline scores were different from scores at T1 and T4. A significant main effect for time on OPA skills (F1.50,34.60 = 65.02, P < .001) and NPA skills (F1.62,37.31 = 106.46, P < .001) found baseline scores were different from scores at T1 and T4 and T1 score was different from T4 score.

Conclusions: Both groups retained AM knowledge over a 6-month period, whereas OPA and NPA skills decayed from review session to 6-month follow-up. The lack of significant differences between the groups suggests that subsequent testing may not affect retention of AM knowledge and skills.
Perceptions from Athletic Training Students Involved in an Intentional Peer-Assisted Learning Pedagogy
Authors: Bates Dana K.
Published: January 2017

Context: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been shown to benefit students across educational levels. Current research has investigated perceptions of PAL, postgraduate impact, as well as prevalence. This study investigated athletic training students' perceptions of an intentional PAL pedagogy on both the peer-student and peer-tutor. In this study, the peer-tutors had training prior to implementation.

Objective: To explore athletic training students' perceptions of an intentional PAL pedagogy.

Design: Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach.

Setting: Focus group interviews with professional undergraduate athletic training students.

Patients or Other Participants: Eleven athletic training students from 1 accredited athletic training program volunteered for this study. Five students (4 females, 1 male) serving as peer-tutors and 6 (5 females, 1 male) peer-students participated in focus group interviews in spring term 2015. The peer-tutors completed training prior to tutoring the peer-students.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Focus group interviews were conducted with a structured interview protocol. The peer-student and peer-tutor groups were asked separate questions. Interview data were analyzed inductively to uncover dominant themes, first by organizing the data, then summarizing into codes, and finally interpreting. Credibility was secured through member checking, triangulation, and investigator triangulation.

Results: Themes indicated that both peer-students and peer-tutors perceived that, through PAL, they collaborated, built relationships, gained confidence, were exposed to varied techniques, and the PAL pedagogy served as a way to review and practice, which changed their clinical educational experiences. Peer-tutors developed skills in leadership and teaching through their PAL experience.

Conclusions: Evidence demonstrated that PAL created a learning environment in the student's clinical educational experiences that involved collaboration, relationships, confidence building, and more time for review and practice.