bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mud Houses in Nepal: Balancing Tradition, Sustainability and Modern Needs
Authors: Dhanchha Shrutina
Published: January 2025

Mud houses are a resilient alternative housing option, offering natural cooling, cost-effectiveness, longevity, and earthquake resilient. The increasing prevalence of concrete buildings spurred by urbanization and disasters exacerbates environmental concerns, fueling the resurgence of sustainable technologies such as traditional mud construction. This article employs a systematic literature review methodology to conduct a comprehensive search of scholarly articles, books, reports, and other relevant sources related to mud houses in Nepal and around the world. This paper delves into the challenges and opportunities associated with balancing tradition, sustainability, and modern needs concerning mud buildings in Nepal, emphasizing the importance of cultural perspectives and theoretical frameworks in preserving Nepal's architectural heritage. The findings emphasize community involvement in mud house construction, with traditional skills passed down through generations, extending to knowledge transfer initiatives, advocating for educational programs and workshops empowering communities to sustain traditional construction methods while embracing modern advancements when appropriate.
National Priority Projects and the Issues of Forest Encroachment
Authors: Sapkota Smriti
Published: January 2025

Forests are one of the major land-use systems in Nepal, covering 45.31% of the total land of the country as per the Economic Survey, 2080/81. Forest heritage is amongst the forms of natural heritage. Forests of Nepal as well as biodiversity are requisite to both the livelihoods as well as for the environmental conservation. Nepal has an ecologically diverse landscape providing home to many species of flora and fauna. But forest encroachment has been turned out to be one of the major challenges in the protection and conservation of the forest, environment and the biodiversity. In addition, the major focus of the government on conducting the projects of national priority have in one way or the other caused the higher uses of the forest area. Therefore, this paper attempts to provide an overview of the forest encroachment in context of Nepal along with the causes specifically addressing to that of infrastructural development issues. Moreover, the paper tries to examine the varied impacts of forest encroachment in Nepal posed by the national pride projects.
देवनागरी ध्वनि र वर्णको उत्पत्तिसम्बन्धी परिचर्चा
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari अनिल Anil , तिमल्सिना Timalsina बाबुराम Baburam , गुरागाईं Guragai रबिन Rabin
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा देवनागरी ध्वनिको उत्त्पत्ति एवम् त्यसको प्रयोगका विषयमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट सङ्कलित सामग्रीका आधारमा विश्ललेषण गरिने यो लेख गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । यस लेखमा देवनागरी  वर्णको उत्पत्ति, तिनको विकाससम्बन्धी दैवी उत्पत्तिको सिद्धान्तसापेक्ष विश्लेषण तथा ध्वनि र वर्णसम्बन्धी पूर्वीय/संस्कृत र पश्चिमी मान्यताको विश्लेषण र संश्लेषण गरिएको छ । संस्कृत ध्वनिउत्पत्तिसम्बन्धी अभिमतअनुसार शिव अर्धाङ्गिणी ‘सती’को देहावसानपछि पत्नीको दिवङ्गत शरीर बोकेर शिवले भ्रमण गरेका विभिन्न क्षेत्र, ती क्षेत्रमा सतीका शरीरको अङ्गपतन भई उत्पत्ति भएका शक्तिपीठ तथा ती शक्तिपीठ नै एक ध्वनिका रूपमा उत्पत्ति भई यस विश्वमा जति शक्तिपीठ परिकल्पित र पूजित छन् त्यति नै देवनागरी ध्वनि र वर्ण अस्तित्वमा रहेका छन् । ध्वनि मानव उच्चारण अवयवबाट उच्चरित भए पनि तिनको उत्पत्तिको आधार सतीको अङ्गपतन भई प्रकट भएका शक्तीपीठका आधारमा भएको हो । पूर्वीय र पश्चिमा भाषिक अध्ययनबाट मानवीय वस्तुका रूपमा भाषिक ध्वनि, वर्ण र अक्षरको निर्माण नाद तथा श्वासप्रश्वासका माध्यमबाट निर्माण भएको हो । यससम्बन्धी अवधारणाअनुसार भाषिक उच्चारणको आधार सास तथा त्यसको विविध अङ्गसँगको घर्षणबाट उत्पत्ति भएका निनादबाट सृजित वाक्को सार्थक स्वरूप र सङ्केत रहेको विषयमा यस लेखमा विमर्श गरिएको छ ।
‘हारजित’ कथामा सांस्कृतिक प्रभुत्व
Authors: भुसाल Bhusal राजु Raju
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा भवानी भिक्षुद्वारा लिखित ‘हारजित’  कथालाई प्रभुत्व (हेजेमोनी) सम्बन्धी सिद्घान्तका दृष्टिले विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सदियौंदेखि इतिहासमा समावेश भएका वा बनाइएका समाजका वा राज्यका नेतृत्वदायीतहमा रहेर आफ्नो आवाजलाई प्रभुत्वशाली बनाएका व्यक्ति वा समूदाय नै प्रभुत्वशाली हुन् । हेजेमोनी एउटा बृहत् सिद्घान्त हो । विचार धारात्मकरूपले हेर्दा यसमा एकभन्दा बढी विचारको बहुलता देखिन्छ । यसभित्र प्रभुत्वशाली वर्गको प्रभुत्वको अवस्था, प्रभुत्व हासिल गर्ने शैली र प्रतिप्रभुत्वको अवस्था पहिचान गरी समाजमा उनीहरूको स्थान, प्रभुत्व र प्रतिरोधको अवस्थाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस कथाको समाजमा वर्गीय दृष्टिले उच्च वर्गको, जातीय दृष्टिले उच्च जातिको वा उच्च संस्कृतिको समुदायका जातिको र लैङ्गिक दृष्टिले पुरूषको प्रभुत्व रहेको देखिन्छ भने प्रतिरोधको भावना सशक्त देखिँदैन । प्रस्तुत लेखमा प्रभुत्वशाली वर्गहरूमा हामीले जतिसुकै शोषण गरेपनि उनीहरू हाम्रा विरुद्ध बोल्न सक्दैनन् र बोलीहाले भनेपनि उनीहरूको केही सीप लाग्दैन भन्ने हैकमवादी प्रभुत्व र गरिबवर्गहरूमा कतिपय नमिल्दा कुराहरूमा आवाज उठाउन पछि पर्नुहुन्न भन्ने जागरुक दृष्टिकोण रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Amerykański Cyceron versus amerykański Mariusz. John Adams i Thomas Jefferson w sporze o kształt Unii Część II – ustrój
Authors: Tulejski Tomasz
Published: January 2025

In the second part of the analysis of the debate between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the author considers the political implications of the fundamental differences between these two Founding Fathers of the United States of America. These primarily concern the institutional structure of the Union and its political mechanics. As an anthropological optimist and advocate of political equality, Jefferson argues for democratic political arrangements. Adams contrasts Jefferson’s representative republic with the idea of a mixed republic based on social equilibrium.
Disruptive Technologies as a Source of Strategic Destabilization
Authors:   Research Fellow, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), Stefanovich Dmitry V.
Published: January 2025

Rapid technological progress and the aggravation of international relations have increased the
importance of disruptive military technologies for achieving strategic objectives. Furthermore,
the collapse of the arms control system has made the technological dimension crucial to strategic
stability.
Alternative Currencies and Payment Systems: BRICS and Other
Authors:   Brazilian economist, Nogueira Batista Jr. Paulo
Published: January 2025

The BRICS are a heterogeneous group, not immune to Western pressure and blackmail. To set
out on such a complex journey, strong leadership and strong political preconditions would be
necessary. Nothing like a new international monetary and financial system is likely to emerge
soon. Certainly not in the short-run, probably not even in the medium-term. But this should not
discourage us.
Will the Dollar Lose Its Position as the World’s Reserve Currency?
Authors:   Independent economic analyst, Nikkolov Ruslan Z.
Published: January 2025

It may not be long before the U.S. is unable to bear the burden of growing fiscal deficit and
public debt and suffers a serious setback. Confidence in the dollar as a reserve currency will be
undermined.
Estimation of Nickel Laterite Resources and Reserves Using Ordinary Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Methods: A Case Study from the Kolaka Block, PT Indrabakti Mustika, North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Putra Inga Kharisma , Sari Avellyn Shinthya , Yuwanto Sapto Heru
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess the geological domains and estimate the nickel laterite resources and reserves within the Kolaka Block exploration area at PT Indrabakti Mustika, utilizing the Ordinary Kriging and Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) methods. The research employs quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate the geological framework and estimate the nickel laterite resources and reserves. Geological domain classification—limonite, saprolite, and bedrock layers—was achieved through detailed core section analysis, which informed the delineation of the nickel laterite zones. Based on the IDW method, the resource estimation results indicate 3,180,350 m³ (4,611,509 metric tons) of nickel laterite resources. This is subdivided into limonite zone resources (1,547,475 m³ or 2,243,840 metric tons) and saprolite zone resources (1,632,875 m³ or 2,367,669 metric tons). Using the Ordinary Kriging method, the total nickel laterite resource is estimated at 3,212,275 m³ (4,657,801 metric tons), with the limonite zone contributing 1,562,500 m³ (2,265,627 metric tons) and the saprolite zone contributing 1,649,775 m³ (2,392,174 metric tons). For the reserve estimation, the IDW method suggests a total of 1,205,875 m³ (1,748,520 metric tons) of nickel laterite reserves. These reserves are divided into limonite zone reserves (456,275 m³ or 661,600 metric tons) and saprolite zone reserves (749,600 m³ or 1,086,920 metric tons). In contrast, the Ordinary Kriging method estimates a total of 1,142,225 m³ (1,656,227 metric tons) of reserves, with limonite zone reserves of 516,700 m³ (749,216 metric tons) and saprolite zone reserves of 625,525 m³ (907,011 metric tons). These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of nickel laterite's geological and resource distribution in the Kolaka Block, offering crucial data for further exploration and development activities at PT Indrabakti Mustika.
Productivity Analysis of Digging, Loading, and Hauling Equipment in Overburden Removal Activities at PT. Anugrah Borneo Sinergy in Keramat Mina field, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad Rusdi , Putri Fairus Atika Redanto , Fanani Yazid
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the productivity of loading and hauling equipment at Anugrah Borneo Sinergy Ltd., explicitly focusing on compatibility between these units and identifying obstacles in overburdening material transfer activities. Employing a direct observation method at pit 1 in Keramat Mina Village, this research spanned a day shift from August 20 to September 20, 2022. Productivity measurements were taken for the Sany SY 365 H Excavator and the Hino 500 FM 260 JD Dump Truck, alongside employee interviews for supplementary data. Results indicate that the excavator's productivity varied daily, averaging 136.07 Bcm/hour, while the dump truck averaged 56.19 Bcm/hour over the same period, both below the target of 170 Bcm/hour. Initial compatibility assessment yielded a match factor of 0.83, which improved to 1.18 after optimizing cycle times. Simulating the compatibility with an additional hauler resulted in a perfect match factor of 1. Key obstacles included extended waiting and haul times, inefficiency, and an imbalance in the number of loaders versus haulers. Recommendations to enhance productivity involve optimizing loading efficiency and reducing haul, return and wait times. Post-optimization, productivity improved significantly, reaching 163.28 Bcm/hour for loaders and 88.29 Bcm/hour for haulers, thus meeting production goals. Adding another hauling unit could sustain these improvements by achieving optimal equipment compatibility.
Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Kotingová Veronika , Fichtl Marek , Brichová Michaela , Svozílková Petra , Klímová Aneta , Rezková Lucie , Škrlová Eva , Heissigerová Jarmila
Published: January 2025

Aim: The aim of the article is to summarize observations on cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis, and in short case reports present cases of patients treated at our Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague.

Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of patients at the Centre for diagnosis and treatment of uveitis from 2003 to 2024. Presentation of our experiences with CMV anterior uveitis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in aqueous humor in case reports.

Results: From a cohort of 3844 patients with uveitis, 3 patients were diagnosed with CMV anterior uveitis, confirmed by PCR in the aqueous humor. The clinical presentation was as acute recurrent hypertensive anterior uveitis in all patients, with a switch to chronic form with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Despite local anti-inflammatory and antiglaucomatous therapy, there was high recurrence of uveitis with decompensation of IOP when the medication was reduced. Patients underwent antiglaucoma surgery because of persistent high IOP despite maximal local antiglaucomatous therapy. An anterior chamber tap was taken for PCR analysis, with a CMV-positive result. After the initiation of antiviral therapy with local ganciclovir, patients manifested compensated IOP and a pronounced reduction of recurrences of uveitis and progression of glaucoma.

Conclusions: CMV anterior uveitis is a rare pathology in our geographic region, but it is important to consider this etiology in cases of recurrent anterior hypertensive uveitis with a low response to local anti-inflammatory medication. Timely verification of the etiological agent with prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to achieve a favorable prognosis. Long-term, low maintenance doses of antiviral therapy with local ganciclovir for several months reduce relapses of uveitis and lead to compensation of IOP.
The Relationship Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness and Retinal Functional Sensitivity During Oct and Static Perimeter Examinations
Authors: Veselý Petr , Beneš Pavel , Sokolová Šidlová Jana , Záděrová Petra , Došková Hana
Published: January 2025

Aims: To demonstrate the relationship of dependency between the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and the functional sensitivity of the retina in healthy young individuals. We also secondarily investigated the relationship between refractive error and mean retinal thickness in the macula.

Material and methods: The basic cohort contained 30 subjects with an average age of 23.4 ±4.2 years. These were young, generally healthy individuals without serious ocular pathologies. The average value of spherical equivalent in both eyes of all individuals was -1.2 ±2.5 D. We measured the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the papilla area and the average thickness of the retina in the area of the macula using the device OPKO Spectral OCT SLO Combination Imaging System (Opko Health, USA). We performed a functional examination of the retina within an area up to 30° using a perimeter with a stimulus with a Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) from the company Humphrey (Carl Ziess Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). As a significant variable for comparison, we determined the mean value of retinal sensitivity deviation (MD).

Results: In our study, we did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between the average thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the average value of retinal functional sensitivity (r = 0.18, p = 0.34) in either right eyes or the left eyes of the examined subjects (r = 0.20, p = 0.29). We also did not find a statistically significant relationship secondarily between the variable called the spherical equivalent of refractive error (SE) and the average retinal thickness in the macula in either the right eyes (r = 0.34, p = 0.06) or the left eyes (r = 0.18, p = 0.32).

Conclusion: When comparing the average thickness of the nerve fibers in the papilla with the help of OCT examination and the functional sensitivity of the retina measured on an FDT perimeter, we did not find a statistically significant dependence in the group of right eyes or in the group of left eyes. We also achieved a similar result when examining the interdependence of the variables of spherical equivalent of refractive error of the eye and the average thickness of the retina in the macula.
Experiential Context of Residents With Green Infrastructure Network in Taiping
Authors: Mansor Mazlina
Published: January 2025

Green infrastructure network is a composite of various green spaces linked by streets, waterways and drainages encircling and connecting urban areas, at all spatial scales. It facilitates residentsâ€™ ability to recreate, socialise and perform other regular transactional activities. Despite such understanding, little is known about the relationships of green infrastructure network with urban residentsâ€™ experiences and well-being. This study explores residentsâ€™ experiential contacts with the properties and attributes of green infrastructure in Taiping, a town in Malaysia, and their effects to the residentsâ€™ well-being. The townâ€™s green infrastructures consist of a town park, a large open playfield, various pocket and loose-fit spaces, neighbourhood open spaces, home gardens and green networks. Theoretical framework of this study was grounded by landscape perceptual theories which link diversity, naturalness and coherence of a green infrastructure to well-being of the residents. Data were gathered from the mixed-methods approach involving three strategies: survey questionnaire (n=335), semi-structured interview (n=33) and unobtrusive behavioural observation. Quantitative statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to analyse the data that were triangulated to examine the relationships. The findings suggest that the presence of diversity, naturalness and coherence in the green infrastructures facilitates the residentsâ€™ experiential contacts affording them physical, cognitive and social well-being. The attributes encourage frequent use, in which the green infrastructure support physical-kinetic, leisure and social activities that fulfil the residentsâ€™ nature and social interaction needs. Physically, the residents feel active, healthy and happy from engagements in the activities. The residents attain cognitive well-being through physical and visual experience with the green infrastructures which are dominated by matured greenery, plants, water and hills that relieve negative emotions affording relaxation, comfort and calmness. Socially, the green infrastructures allow more social encounters with other individuals resulting in satisfaction towards the community which induces friendliness and happiness for living in the town. Hence, the experience of the residents with the attributes suggests that different types of green infrastructure should be integrated as a network as to benefit the residents.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES FOR THE SHIPMENT OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS AT CRUSHED STONE QUARRIES
Authors: Anisimov Oleh , Cherniaiev Oleksii , Saik Pavlo , Lozynskyi Vasyl
Published: January 2025

Purpose. To substantiate and improve the technological schemes for the shipment of non-metallic mineral raw materials from processing complexes, take the example of the Odarivske granite deposit development. To determine the optimal location of the conveyor transport complex, the minimum transportation of finished products by a front loader must be considered.

Methods. The study analyzed existing technological schemes for developing non-metallic deposits and the shipment of finished products. To assess the optimal placement of a mobile conveyor reloader, a graph-analytical method was used, which allowed us to determine the average productivity of a front loader.

Research results. An improved technological scheme for the shipment of finished products from warehouses in the manufacture of non-metallic mineral raw materials has been proposed. The optimal parameters of operations for the shipment of crushed stone of various fractions using a front loader-mobile reloading device complex were determined.

Scientific novelty. The formed technological complex and the placement of the mobile reloading device made it possible to establish the formula for the optimal distance of transportation of finished products, taking into account the rotation of the reloading mobile device, which directly affects the performance of the front loader when loading finished products at a crushed stone quarry.

Practical significance. The existing technological schemes for the shipment of finished products are described, and the technological scheme for the shipment of non-metallic mineral raw materials in the conditions of development of the Odarivske granite deposit is improved, which made it possible to establish the production indicators of the front loader and the distance of transportation of finished products from the warehouse to the mobile reloading complex.

Key words: non-metallic mineral raw materials, crushed stone, finished product shipment schemes, front-end loader, mobile reloading device
ADAPTATION OF THE EXPLORATION PLAN TO THE DYNAMICS OF ORE MINING
Authors: Lutsenko Serhii , Hryhoriev Yulian , Monastyrskiy Yurii , Plotnikov Oleksandr , Bohomaz Olha
Published: January 2025

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to improve the methodology for determining the backlog of stripping operations during dynamic changes in the volume of mineral extraction, including scenarios with partial or full involvement of new areas.

Methods. Effective stripping planning requires careful analysis of the relationship between the width of the working area, the length of the active front, and the volume of reserves ready for extraction. The optimal combination of these parameters ensures the required productivity and reduces the risk of stripping backlog.

Findings. Mathematical models have been developed that allow calculating the actual values of the overburden ratios when increasing the size of the working areas in the open-pit, as well as determining the amount of backlog of overburden works. It has been established that increasing the productivity of the open-pit by developing the working area in several sections, which is characterized by the heterogeneity of geological conditions, requires a differentiated approach to determining the parameters of mining operations. The speed of advancement of the working ledges in the horizontal direction and the width of the working area of each section should be set taking into account their specific characteristics, primarily the overburden ratios and the required productivity for minerals.

Originality. The methodology for determining the volume of stripping operations with variable open-pit productivity has been improved, which takes into account the heterogeneity of geological conditions and provides optimal mining parameters for several sections of the working zone.

Practical implication. The developed models and methods allow to increase the efficiency of mineral extraction, minimize the costs of stripping operations and ensure the stability of the technological process in conditions of dynamic open-pit mining development.

Keywords: adaptation, mining schedule, working area width, open-pit productivity, open-pit working area.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF WATER DROPS NEAR THE POINT FOR ANTI-SPARK FALLING OF UNDERGROUND VICTORY MACHINES
Authors: Mineev Sergey Pavlovich , Usov Oleg Aleksandrovich , Yanzhula Alexey Sergeevich , Miroshnichenko Vadim Volodimirovich
Published: January 2025

Meta. Development of an engineering criterion for assessing the consumption of water on the anti-spark of worn-out braking machines to prevent the vibration of the mixture from methane and carbon saws from the ignited sparks that fly from under the cutting tools.

Methodology. Created by standard methods of steam concentration, which is created by drops of water after a baked spark during the induction period, with a safe level of phlegmatization.

Results. The engineering criterion for the development of the vibration-safe concentration of water droplets in the heated vicinity of the baked spark according to the flame-causing factor was removed. the concentration of water droplets according to two parameters – the main one – the temperature of the water droplet, and the additional one – the size of the water droplets from the spray nozzles.

Scientific novelty. It is believed that this criterion of disintegration is paramount in the world law.

More practical. The expanded criterion allows for further engineering assessment of the required waste of water in the vibrator safety system of waste products, visual and service stations in the food industry information about the parameters of the systems for the destruction of imported vim machines for the sake of vibration safety.

Key words: vibration safety, drank methane in the air, frictional sincerity, phlegmatization, induction period.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНЬОГО КУРСУ ХІМІЇ В МЕДИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ФАХОВОЇ ПЕРЕДВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ЯК ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Ільченко Ігор
Published: January 2025

In the course of the research, theoretical methods of scientific research were used as analysis, comparison and generalization. Analysis of dissertation research by domestic scientists has shown the multi-vector nature of approaches to solving methodological problems of teaching chemistry in medical institutions of professional pre-higher education. The models of integrative-differentiated, professionally oriented and innovative teaching proposed by scientists demonstrate significant potential in improving the quality of students' chemical training. An important achievement is the creation of effective pedagogical conditions, the development of educational and methodological materials and the integration of modern information technologies that provide motivation for independent learning, increase the level of professional competence and contribute to the formation of a holistic system of knowledge. However, the analyzed dissertation studies do not reveal the problem of forming subject competence in chemistry in medical college students in the process of studying the general education course in chemistry, which is precisely what explains its relevance and prospects for further scientific research. Taking into account the analysis of dissertation studies and modern requirements for the organization of general education training of students of medical institutions of professional pre-higher education, as well as the didactic significance of the subject "Chemistry" for the formation of professional competence of a future medical worker, it was determined that the main promising direction of our own scientific research on the formation of subject competence in chemistry in students is the implementation of professionally oriented teaching of the general education course in chemistry
The Historical Process of Manchu Cultural Identity
Authors: Gong Xu
Published: January 2025

The evolution of ethnic identity has undergone various stages in its historical development, from the early primitive phase to the emergence of cultural identity consciousness. Throughout the history of the Manchu people, the progression of history and culture has shaped the development of Manchu culture. The narrative of Manchu cultural identity is significant in advancing Manchu culture, symbolising its establishment and assertive growth. This article seeks to track the evolution of Manchu culture through methods such as historical literature analysis and cultural research, delving into the establishment of the dominant position of the Manchu, the evolution of the Manchu language and script, and the diversified expansion of Manchu literature. These efforts aim to propel Manchu cultural identity into a new historical development phase. Nonetheless, Manchu culture faced challenges during the late Qing Dynasty, leading to adverse effects. Lao She criticised this negativity and escapism in his novel Beneath the Red Banner, hastening a shift in cultural identity within Manchu culture.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Distinguishing Between True and Fake News on Television Channels in Kurdistan Region - Iraq
Authors:   Erbil Technical Management college, Media, Faraj Gashaw Ali , Hadi Ashna Shawkat ,   Erbil Technical Management college, Media, Hamad Zhala Jameel ,   Erbil Technical Management college, Media
Published: January 2025

Fake news and hoaxes have existed since before the Internet. Fake articles on the Internet that are purposefully created to mislead readers are the commonly recognized definition of fake news. Fake news is posted on social media and in news sources in an effort to draw in more readers or as a tactic in psychological warfare. Making money with click bait is usually the aim. Vibrant headlines or eye-catching images tempt people to click links, hence increasing ad revenue. This tactic is known as click bait. The rapid expansion of digital media and social media platforms has led to a widespread problem of disseminating false information and fake news, endangering the independence of public debate and decision-making procedures. A major technique for identifying and countering fake news has been the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in response to this challenge. AI algorithms look for indications of disinformation and manipulation in textual and multimedia content using a range of methods, such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, deep learning, and network analysis. The main objective of this study is to determine the role of artificial intelligence in distinguishing between true and fake news on television channels in the Kurdistan Region.
Roadmap to Sustainable Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis of Socially Responsible Investment in Financial Institutions
Authors: Bashir Zahid , Iqbal Sabeeh , Aamir Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The current study aims to examine the role of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) in Financial Institutions (FIs), as well as research gaps and future directions. A bibliometric analysis is conducted using the Elsevier Scopus database and 658 relevant documents were identified through advance searches. The current study used performance analysis and scientific mapping method to achieve the objectives. The results show that the international collaboration exists in the discipline. It includes the evidenced from the prominent journals and the names of authors with extensive co-authorship among countries, such as China, the UK, the USA, Spain, India, Italy, Germany, and France. The keyword co-occurrences shed light on the most emerging topics in this domain, such as mutual funds, sustainable development, and the factors that integrate Environment, Society, and Governance (ESG) for financial decision-making process. Additionally, the study focused to emphasize SRI in FIs between 2011 and 2023. Therefore, the emerging significant themes point towards interdisciplinary and worldwide collaboration. This study came up with its findings in the light of new perspectives not only through an in-depth analysis of SRI within FIs but also by capturing the emergence of interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts worldwide.
Serverless Data Engineering: Revolutionizing Retail and Finance Industries
Authors: Raghavendra Gandhi Raketla
Published: January 2025

Serverless computing has revolutionized data engineering, transforming how organizations design and implement their data processing architectures. This comprehensive article explores the evolution, implementation patterns, and best practices of serverless data engineering, with a particular focus on retail and financial services sectors. The article examines the technical foundations, including event-driven architectures, compute layers, and storage infrastructures, while presenting detailed case studies from industry leaders. This article shows real-world implementations, the research demonstrates how serverless architectures enhance operational efficiency, reduce infrastructure costs, and improve system performance. The article covers advanced topics such as customer analytics pipelines, fraud detection systems, and regulatory compliance frameworks, providing insights into both technical and business aspects of serverless adoption.
Approaches to energy transition: A comparative analysis of South Africa and Hungary after changes in their political systems
Authors: Maxam Thandokazi , Péti Márton
Published: January 2025

Countries across the world are transitioning from fossil fuel dominated energy to low carbon energy systems. They are adopting initiatives to encourage development of clean energy sources. However, the approaches, strategies and the pace of this transition differs from country to country. This study comparatively examines approaches to energy transition in South Africa and Hungary. The two countries have undergone a significant transformation in their political systems over the past 30 years, this was followed by a series of initiatives aiming to encourage adoption of environmentally friendly energy sources. While Hungary has prioritized nuclear energy as a way to achieve energy security and lower emissions from coal-based energy, South Africa has concentrated on increasing energy access and tackling energy poverty through the integration of renewable energy sources.
Challenges in defining and measuring social resilience
Authors: Mahler Balázs
Published: January 2025

Over the past two decades, resilience has gained considerable popularity in both social and economic sciences, reinforced by the effects of various economic and social shocks and the pandemic that has spread worldwide. On the other hand, more and more detailed and extensive studies have been launched on the various types of resilience (social, economic, ecological, etc.), which, in addition to the undoubtedly useful scientific results, have highlighted the elusive nature of the phenomenon and the lack of a centripetal force to channel the various lines of research in a single direction and unify the various interpretative frameworks.
The paper attempts to provide a conceptual overview of one type of resilience, social resilience, based on the available theoretical framework. With the help of previous research results, I will define a set of indicators for this concept to test and verify it in the context of empirical research. Refining the indicator set and the definition also provides an opportunity to distinguish between different types of resilience partially, thus contributing to a more accurate scientific understanding. The added value of the paper is that some of the indicator groups have been tested empirically, thus demonstrating the scientific value of the method.
Gender equality in Romania: challenges and progress
Authors: Kamenitczky Anna , Török Ibolya
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study is to examine the achievement of the fifth Sustainable Development Goal, gender equality, in Romania. Using quantitative research techniques, the analysis focuses on a number of social and economic variables, comparing them to the EU average to give a more complete picture of the state of affairs in the nation. The findings demonstrate that while Romania has come a long way in the last several decades, there are still many obstacles in the way of gender equality. Based on the analysis, the study proposes recommendations for developing necessary strategies at the political and social levels.
The Role and Sustainability of Social Enterprises in the Hungarian Economy
Authors: Kocziszky György , Harangozó Zsolt
Published: January 2025

The economies of the Central and Eastern European countries have suffered a significant decline as a result of the geopolitical changes of 1989-90. A number of enterprises with low efficiency, obsolete technology and product structure closed down. The lack of new productive capacity led to a sharp rise in unemployment. The recession, inflation and employment problems particularly affected Hungary's regions. A series of social enterprises have been set up to improve employment in disadvantaged municipalities, as a result of local and government initiatives. In their study, the authors review their spatial distribution, their impact on the local economy and society, and the challenges related to the sustainability of their operations.
A Retrospective Surveillance Data Analysis Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax Cases Among Livestock from 2019 to 2023 in Halaba Zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors:   Halaba Zone Agricultural Office, Animal Health Directorate Team Leader, Intermediate Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training, Ethiopia, W Michael Zinash , Hailemariam Zegeye ,   Senior Advisor, Intermediate Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training, Ethiopia, Yusuf Musa Kedir ,   Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture Epidemiology Directorate, Ethiopia
Published: January 2025

Background: In Ethiopia, anthrax is the second most important zoonotic disease, next to rabies. The disease caused by grampositive, non-motile bacteria known as bacillus anthracis. Data quantifying occurrence and distribution of animal anthrax in
Halaba zone of Central Ethiopia region, Ethiopia, are limited. Thus, this study was conducted to describe the distribution of
animal anthrax between 2019 and 2023 in Halaba zone.
Objective: To assess the magnitude and trend of anthrax in Halaba Zone from 2019-2023. Methods: A retrospective descriptive
method of study was carried out. The trend and distributions of anthrax cases from 2019 to 2023 was analyzed by Animal,
place and time and presented using graphs and tables.
Results: A total of 1199 cases of anthrax in animals and 375 animals that died due to anthrax were reported. The highest
number of anthrax cases were reported in 2019 (n = 381), sharing 31.7% of the 5-year animal anthrax reported. However,
the highest number of animal death due to anthrax (n = 118) was reported in 2019. The overall case fatality rate of anthrax
was 31.2% (n = 375). The highest animal anthrax cases (n = 998; 83%) and deaths (n = 327; 87%) were recorded in Bovine.
The highest cases of anthrax were registered in July (n = 378) and May (n = 197), while no anthrax case was reported during
December. The highest and lowest number of animal death due to anthrax were reported during July (n = 119) and January (n
= 4), respectively. The highest number of anthrax cases was reported in the long rainy season (n = 588; 49%) and short rainy
season (n = 401; 33%) whereas the lowest was reported during the dry/hot season (n = 32; 3%).
Conclusion and Recommendation: The current study showed that a considerable number of animal anthrax cases and deaths
occurred in the Halaba zone, with varying degrees among different species of susceptible animals, months/seasons, and
districts. In this study, the highest number of cases of anthrax was registered in May, June and July months; that calls for the
need for practicing prevention strategies including immunization programs before the peak season of anthrax outbreaks. As
well, also serves as a baseline for further epidemiological studies for the development of sustainable programs for the control
of animal anthrax disease in the study area.
Tomris Uyar’ın Günlüklerinde “Kadın Söylemi”nin İnşası
Authors: Şahin Özge
Published: January 2025

Bu makalede 1960’ların sonunda çeviri ve öyküleriyle ilk çıkışını yapan ve 1970’lerden itibaren özellikle öykü türüne hem teorik hem kurmaca düzeyde sunduğu katkıyla yetkinliğini kanıtlayan Tomris Uyar’ın günlüklerini referans alarak “kadın söylemi”ni nasıl inşa ettiği tartışılacaktır. “Kadın yazar” “erkek yazar” ayrımına getirdiği itirazları 1960’lı ve 1970’li yıllardaki yazar profilinin yaygın kanaatlerini tartışmaya açmak için özellikle Uyar’ın kuşağındaki diğer kadın yazarların meseleye bakışı örnekler üzerinden değerlendirilecektir. Tomris Uyar günlüklerinde bir kadın yazar olarak gündelik hayatta yaşadığı çatışmaları doğrudan dile getirir. 1970’lerde ev içi emek başta olmak üzere toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine doğrudan itiraz etmez. Ancak 1980’lerde feminist bilinç belirginleşir. Her ne kadar Tomris Uyar, 1980’den sonra kadın hareketinin içinde yer alsa da, kadın söylemine eleştirel bir mesafeden bakmaya devam eder. Bu nedenle Uyar’ın “feminizm”le kurduğu ilişki ikirciklidir. Bir yandan erkek egemen topluma itiraz eder diğer yandan feminizmin bazı eğilimlerini eleştirir. “Kadın yazar”, “kadın duyarlığı” gibi kavramlara itiraz etmesine rağmen toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinden kaynaklanan farkları yorumlamak ve eleştirmek için bu kavramları kullanmaktan geri durmaz. 1975’ten 1999’a kadar tuttuğu günlüklerinden Uyar’ın kadın söylemini inşa ederken yaşadığı dönüşümler açık biçimde takip edilebilir.
Safahat’ın Yedinci Kitabı Gölgeler’de Hikemî ve Tasavvufi İzlekler
Authors: Zariç Mahfuz
Published: January 2025

Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un Safahat adlı şiir külliyatının yedinci kitabı Gölgeler, kırk üç şiirden oluşmaktadır. Değerler şairi Mehmet Akif, İslami duyarlıklı bir şair olarak bu şiirlerde, içinde yaşadığı toplumun ve mensubu olduğu ümmetin sorunlarına ayna tutmuş, muhataplarına kurtuluş yolunu göstermiştir. Okurlarına öz güven kazandırmak istemiş, ümit aşılamıştır. Akif, bu şiirlerde esaret, özgürlük, tefrika ve ittihat kavramlarını ele almıştır. Gölgeler’deki şiirlerinde yer yer çocuklara ve gençlere seslenen şair, Divan edebiyatının ve dinî-tasavvufi edebiyatın sembol ve kavram dünyasına; geleneksel merasimlere, içinde bulunulan devrin kimi siyasi ve edebî şahsiyetlerine, gelenekle ilişkilendirilebilecek giysi ve eşyalara yer vermiş; “sa’y, tevekkül, tevhid, ittihad ve recâ” gibi kavramları izleklere dönüştürmüştür. Şikâyetlerinin yanı sıra tespit ve tenkitlerini de Gölgeler’deki şiirlerinde dile getiren Mehmet Akif, “azim, hikmet, akıl, vahiy, İslam ve ahlak” ekseninde görüşler ileri sürmüştür. Peygamberler tarihi ve asr-ı saadet gibi bir mazi ile iftihar etmeyi öğütlemiştir. Akif, tasavvufi bağlamda da Gölgeler’de, “nefis ve nefsin mertebeleri, kevnî ve kavlî ayetlerin bağdaştırılması, fenâ ve ebedîyet arzusu, acziyet ve hâlden kaçış, Elest bezmi, insan ve ihsan” kavramları üzerinde durmuştur.
“Kaplumbağalar” Romanında Eğitime İlişkin Temaların Eğitim Bilimleri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Kesici Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Fakir Baykurt’un Kaplumbağalar romanında eğitime ilişkin temaları eğitim bilimleri açısından incelemektir. Sanatın toplum için yapılması gerektiği görüşünü savunan toplumcu gerçekçi edebiyat akımının temsilcilerinden olan Fakir Baykurt, yazar olmasının yanında bir eğitimci olup eserlerinde eğitim ile ilgili unsurlara yer vermiştir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada Cumhuriyet’in ilk dönemlerine ilişkin eğitimin durumu ve eğitim ile ilgili görüşlerin eğitimci bir yazarın görüşleri aracılığıyla belirlenmesine katkı sağlamaya çalışılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan bir veri toplama aracı yardımıyla romanda eğitim ile ilgili yansıtmalar belirlenerek toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Buna göre romanda milletin refahı için eğitimin önemli bir unsur olduğu, eğitimin amacının güçlü bir ülke idealine ulaşmak, hak ve sorumluluklarını bilen, bilimsel düşünme becerileri gelişmiş ve ekonomik olarak kendine yetebilen bireyler yetiştirmek olduğu savunulmuştur. Romanın kahramanlarından olan eğitimci; öğretmeni merkeze alan geleneksel öğretme anlayışını benimsemiş; daimicilik, esasicilik, ilerlemecilik ve natüralist eğitim felsefelerden oluşan eklektik bir eğitim anlayışını sahip; bilgili, çalışkan, dürüst, sorunlara duyarlı ve çözüm için inisiyatif alan ideal bir karakter olarak yansıtılmıştır. Ayrıca okulu toplumun merkezine alan eserde, öğretmenliğin bir yarı meslek olarak değerlendirilebilecek biçimde yansıtıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effectiveness of numuid fattening of hybrid pgs grown in non-face and two-face method
Authors: Mezhenskyi G. , Shpetnyi M. , Kalinichenko G. , Onyshchenko L. , Verbelchuk T. , Verbelchuk S. , Koberniuk V.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research was to study the fattening productivity of pigs grown under two-phase rearing, with different durations of the phases of this period of the production cycle in the conditions of an industrial complex under liquid feeding. It was established that the intensity of growth of fattening pigs depended on the phase of growth and the duration of its second phase during which a liquid feeding system was used. Pigs with two-phase rearing outperformed their counterparts with a single-phase method in average daily and absolute growth by 1.3–8.7%, relative growth by –0.45–1.01%, were better by –0.14– 0.21 % preservation of animals during fattening and higher by 1.7–9.4% of their live weight at the end of fattening. Also, they had a 1.2–6.4% shorter age of reaching a weight of 120 kg and a 5.1–22.8% shorter fattening quality index. According to the average daily feed consumption at fattening, the amount of feed consumed per period and its value per animal, no clear regularity was established between the animals of the control and experimental groups. Feed costs per 1 kg of growth and its feed cost were 2.4–4.4% higher in animals that consumed dry feed throughout the growing period. It has been proven that pigs with the use of a two-phase method of rearing and liquid feeding during the second phase of rearing had a 3.4–12.2% higher cost of production when put on fattening, and as a result, with an almost equal cost of fattening, it was higher by 2.31 -7.7 cost per head upon completion of breeding. At the same time, due to the higher live weight at the end of fattening, they had a 1.7–9.4% higher selling price per animal, a 0.6– 12.5% higher income from growing and fattening a single animal, and a 2.2–2.5% better profitability of this process. It was established that the best results in fattening were achieved by pigs in which the second phase of rearing under liquid feeding lasted more than half of this period. With this method of rearing and feeding, they outnumbered animals of other groups that had a longer phase of rearing with the use of a dry method of feeding – according to the sales price of one head by 5.0–9.4%, income from the sale of one head by 5.6–12.5% and the profitability of raising and fattening one pig by 0.3–3.4%. At the same time, they had a higher 4.7–5.9 cost of fattening one head, by 4.8–5.1% of the cost of this head at the end of fattening compared to animals of other groups.
Key words: piglets, rearing, pigs, fattening, method of feeding, gains, feed conversion, cost, income, profitability.
Eliminating the Term Vψ and Coefficient 1/2 From Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: January 2025

The validity of the de Broglie formula λ=h⁄p for matter waves has been confirmed by numerous experiments such as Davisson-Germer and G. P. Thomson experiments. But there is a major problem here. If λ=h⁄p is valid for matter waves, we must be able to obtain it for these waves using mathematical calculations. But as you will see here, according to de Broglie's hypothesis, which considers matter wave energy equal to E=hf, this work is impossible; and so, we must change the matter wave energy equation to obtain λ=h⁄p. The change in the equation of energy causes two important changes in Schrodinger’s wave equation. These two changes bring us to a new wave equation. In the other part of the article, you will see that, to explain the reason for the quantization of the orbits in Bohr's atomic model, we need a new atomic model for the Hydrogen atom. The new model leads us to new results and findings. In this article, we show what the cause of the quantization of the orbits in the Bohr atomic model is. In this article we have been able to show the reality and nature of Photon and we show that a Photon is an electromagnetic Pulse. In the spectrum of the hydrogen atom, for example, the intensity of Balmer-alpha is greater than Balmer-beta. Here we have been able to explain why this is the case.
Caracolus sagemon (Mollusca: Solaropsidae), depredado por Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae), nuevo registro para Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Toledo Yolanda F , Ramos Hernández José M
Published: January 2025

Se registra por primera vez la depredación del molusco terrestre Caracolus sagemon (Beck, 1837) por la rata negra, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758). La observación fue realizada en el patio de una vivienda urbana en Sancti Spíritus, provincia homónima, Cuba central. Todas las conchas consumidas por el roedor pertenecían a individuos juveniles o subadultos del molusco. Con este registro ascienden a diez las especies de moluscos depredadas en Cuba por este roedor introducido.