bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uterus Preservation Versus Caesarean Hysterectomy in Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Multicentre International Study
Authors: Shazly Sherif , Hortu Ismet , Shih Jin-chung , Melekoglu Rauf , Fan Shangrong , ahmed Farhatulain , Karaman Erbil , Fatkullin Ildar , Pinto Pedro , Irianti Setyorini , Tochie Joel , Abdelbadie Amr , Ashraf Mohamed , Radwan Ahmad , Sayed Esraa , Elassall Gena , Hosny Esraa , Ali Shimaa , Dawood Ayman , Ergenoglu A. Mete , Yeniel Ahmet , Sagol Sermet , Itil Ismail , Kang Jessica , HUANG KUAN-YING , Yilmaz Ercan , Liang Yiheng , Aziz Hijab , Akhter Tayyiba , Ambreen Afshan , Ateş Çağrı , Karaman Yasemin , Khasanov Albir , Fatkullina Larisa , Akhmadeev Nariman , Vatanina Adelina , Machado Ana , Montenegro Nuno , Effendi Jusuf , Suardi Dodi , Pramatirta Ahmad , Aziz Muhamad , Siddiq Amilia , Ofakem Ingrid , Dohbit Julius , Fahmy Mohamed , Anan Mohamed
Published: April 2021

Objective: To compare peripartum outcomes of uterus preserving
procedures to caesarean hysterectomy in women with placenta accreta
spectrum (PAS), and to identify risk factors associated with adverse
maternal outcomes. Design: Retrospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov
identifier: NCT04384510) Setting:11 tertiary centres from 9 countries
Population or Sample: women with of PAS who were managed in
participating centres between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019.
Women who had confirmed diagnosis with PAS with adequate documentation
and follow-up, were considered eligible. Main Outcome Measures: Primary
outcome was massive PAS-associated perioperative blood loss
(intraoperative blood loss ≥ 2500 ml, bleeding associated massive
transfusion protocol, or complicated by disseminated intravascular
coagulopathy). Results: Out of 797 women, 727 were eligible for the
study. Five hundred ninety-two (81.43%) women were managed by uterus
preserving procedures versus 135 (18.56%) who underwent caesarean
hysterectomy. After adjustment for significant or close-to-significance
variables, type of management was not associated with higher risk of
massive blood loss (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 0.78 - 3.81). Other factors that
were significantly associated with higher risk of massive PAS-associated
blood loss included body mass index, preoperative haemoglobin, centrally
located placenta, diffuse placental invasion, parametrial invasion, and
intrauterine foetal death. Conclusions: In the presence of sufficient
experience, uterus preserving procedures may not be associated with
higher risk of massive blood loss compared to caesarean hysterectomy.
Funding: none
Puking less per pound, for acute wheezers: quality improvement in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Davison Gail , Ruddell Josh , Trouton Michelle , McDonald Roisin , Kennedy Ben , O'Neill Vikki , McCann Joseph , Bartholome Brigitte , Steen Heather , Shields Mike , Mullen Stephen
Published: April 2021

Background & local problem: Acute wheezing attacks are a leading cause
of Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) attendances and inpatient
admissions and are a considerable burden on the healthcare providers.
Almost one-third of children vomit prednisolone in the PED, requiring
anti-emetics and repeat dosing. Aim: This quality improvement (QI)
intervention aimed to improve oral corticosteroid (OCS) tolerability,
reduce emergency department length of stay (LOS), and reduce OCS drug
costs for acute wheeze attendances in a PED, while not adversely
affecting admissions, re-attendance, or mortality rates. QI
Interventions: Included (1) a departmental protocol and (2) modification
of the OCS type and dosage from prednisolone (3-day course of 1 mg/kg)
to dexamethasone (600 mcg/kg, then single dose 300 mcg/kg). Methods: The
study team reviewed the evidence and implemented the interventions. To
assess the scale of improvement, we retrospectively collected data on
attendance records for patients aged 2-14 years with acute wheeze
requiring OCS. We collected data on 100 children who attended the PED
between October and December for each year (2016, 2017, and 2018). We
then assessed OCS tolerability, LOS, OCS drug costs, and, admission,
re-attendance, and mortality rates. Results: Over a 48-month period, we
increased OCS tolerability by 67.2% and achieved an 85.8% reduction in
OCS drug costs (saving £41,553.14). There was no change in the LOS,
admission, re-attendance, and mortality rates. Conclusions: Improved
tolerability and substantial cost savings can be achieved by
implementing a structured acute pediatric wheeze protocol and modifying
the OCS to single-dose dexamethasone (300 mcg/kg).
Links between heritage building, historic urban landscape and sustainable development: systematic approach
Authors: Grazuleviciute-Vileniske Indre , Seduikyte Lina , Daugelaite Aurelija , Rudokas Kastytis
Published: April 2021

Heritage and historic buildings deserve attention not only as a significant part of the building stock or from energy efficiency or carbon emissions points of view. They constitute and shape historic urban landscapes that are an integral part of sustainable urban development and sustainable development in a broader sense of humanity in general. However, the sustainable links between the heritage building and historic urban landscape are not well analyzed yet. Meanwhile, the idea that heritage should be a driver of sustainable urban development is more and more explicitly expressed and the concept of historic urban landscape is considered favorable in this regard. The aim of this research was to formulate the theoretical model demonstrating the links between the heritage building, historic urban landscape and sustainable development that would be applied in policy making and planning for heritage driven sustainable urban development. The methods of research included literature review, analysis and synthesis. In order to reach this aim, the analysis of literature on sustainability of cultural heritage, especially heritage buildings was carried out, the concept of historic urban landscape and its implications for sustainability were analyzed and the Halstar approach [29]. based on the systems model adding the dimensions of time and scale to sustainability model developed by the English engineering firm Halcrow was elaborated in the context of heritage buildings and historic urban landscape. The result of the research is the model of the links between heritage building, historic urban landscape and sustainable development, which could be applied in urban development policy design and planning.
Innovation as a factor of socio-economic development of municipal educations (for example, the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Lazarchik Aida I. , Elnara E. Elnara E. , Ahmetova Irina A.
Published: April 2021

The article reveals conceptual provisions of socio-economic development, explores the current stage problems of implementation of the socio-economic development concept of municipalities. The patterns toward financial improvement of regions led by the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan are contemplates. The markers of districts' financial advancement are thought of. The errands of financial advancement are distinguished and advocated. Various undertakings important for the usage of the regions' financial improvement are figured. In accordance with the guidelines of the fundamental documents adopted in the aspect of the socio-economic development conceptual provisions formation and implementation, criteria and indicators to assess the economic, social and environmental situation at various levels of the social system have been identified. In light of the investigation of methodological advancements of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan, measures and markers are viewed as that permit us to survey the degree of financial improvement of the framework. According to the data of Tatarstan, the volume of shipped innovative goods, work, services (million rubles) of municipal districts and urban districts of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2015-2018 is summarized and analyzed. Suggestions for improving methodological approaches to the analysis and assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the system in its various aspects are formulated.
Influence of climate, building and residential factors on radon levels in ground-floor dwellings in Montenegro
Authors: Vukotic Perko , Antovic Nevenka , Zekic Ranko , Djurovic Andrija , Andjelic Tomislav , Svrkota Nikola , Mrdak Radivoje , Dlabac Aleksandar
Published: April 2021

After year-long measurements with CR-39 detectors, nationwide radon survey was performed in 953 homes ? 0.5 % of all permanently inhabited dwellings in Montenegro. Influence of 11 factors (area, climate, type of house, year of construction, basement, foundation slab, number of stories, building materials, window frames, heating, and smoking) and 35 their 35 categories on the radon concentrations in 732 ground-floor dwellings was analyzed using descriptive, univariate and multivariate methods. Univariate analysis dropped influence of the two factors: heating and smoking. It reveals that, on average, radon concentrations in ground-floor dwellings differ at 95 % confidence level in urban and rural areas, in family houses and apartment buildings, in houses with and without basement, and in dwellings with window frames made of wood and PVC/Al. In Cf climate zone they differ from those in Cs and Df zones. Only two pairs of construction periods differ in mean radon concentrations in dwellings: 1980-1999 with 1900-1944, and with 1964-1979. Houses with one, two or three stories have almost equal average radon levels, which are higher than in buildings with more than three stories. Mean value of radon concentrations in houses made of stone are higher than in houses made of concrete, or bricks, or wood. Multivariate analysis revealed that six of the analyzed factors: area, climate, type of house, presence of basement, number of stories, and building materials simultaneously have significant relationships (p < 0.05) with radon concentrations in dwellings on ground floor in Montenegro.
The Role of Convex Equity Incentives in Managers' Forecasting Decisions
Authors: Cho Young Jun , Tsui David , Yang Holly I.
Published: April 2021

Prior literature suggests that voluntary disclosures of forward-looking information tend to lead to capital market benefits, but these disclosures may also result in negative capital market consequences if subsequent performance falls below expectations. We, therefore, hypothesize that convex equity incentives, which reward managers for stock price gains while limiting their exposure to losses, should promote greater voluntary forward-looking disclosure. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find a significantly positive association between equity incentive convexity and forecast issuance and frequency. We also find that the positive association is more pronounced for firms with higher sales volatility and managers with shorter tenure, in which cases managers are more concerned with missing their own forecasts. Our study suggests that the risks arising from providing voluntary disclosures are important considerations in managers' disclosure decisions.

JEL Classifications: M41.
Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with and without fixed appliances
Authors: Pellissari Bruno Andrade , Sabino Gabriela Sergini Pereira , de Souza Lima Roberto Nepomuceno , Motta Rogério Heládio Lopes , Suzuki Selly Sayuri , Garcez Aguinaldo Silva , Basting Roberta Tarkany , Barbosa Jurandir Antonio , Martins Montalli Victor Angelo
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To identify microorganisms isolated from patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and to evaluate the resistance of isolated bacterial strains to different antimicrobials.

Materials and Methods

Seventeen healthy patients wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance (group 1) and six nonwearers (group 2, control group) were evaluated. The biofilm that formed around the orthodontic brackets was collected, and the samples were then plated in a chromogenic medium (chromIDT, bioMérieux). Colony-forming units (CFUs) were isolated and inoculated in blood-agar medium. Automated biochemical tests (VITEK 2, bioMérieux) were carried out to identify the genus and species of the microorganisms and the resistance provided by 43 drugs (37 antibacterial and 6 antifungal).

Results

The most prevalent microbial genera identified in group 1 were Streptococcus (24.0%), Staphylococcus (20.0%), Enterobacter (12.0%), Geobacillus (12.0%), and Candida (12.0%), and the most frequent species were Enterobacter cloacae complex (13.6%) and Staphylococcus hominis (13.6%). In group 2, the most prevalent genera were Streptococcus (57.1%), Staphylococcus (14.2%), Sphingomonas (14.2%), and Enterobacter (14.2%). With regard to antimicrobial resistance, 14 of 19 (74%) isolated bacterial strains were found to be resistant to at least 1 of the tested antimicrobials.

Conclusions

The findings of the present study suggest that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have a more complex biofilm with a higher level of bacterial resistance.
Type 2 Diabetes Subtype Responsive to ACCORD Intensive Glycemia Treatment
Authors: Mariam Arshiya , Miller-Atkins Galen , Pantalone Kevin M. , Zimmerman Robert S. , Barnard John , Kattan Michael W. , Shah Hetal , McLeod Howard L. , Doria Alessandro , Wagner Michael J. , Buse John B. , Motsinger-Reif Alison A. , Rotroff Daniel M.
Published: April 2021

Objective

Current type 2 diabetes (T2D) management contraindicates intensive
glycemia treatment in patients with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and
is partially motivated by evidence of harms in the Action to Control
Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Heterogeneity in response to
intensive glycemia treatment has been observed, suggesting potential benefit for
some individuals.

Research Design and Methods

ACCORD was a randomized controlled trial that investigated whether
intensively treating glycemia in individuals with T2D reduced CVD outcomes.
Using a novel approach to cluster HbA1c trajectories, we identified groups in
the intensive glycemia arm with modified CVD risk. Genome-wide analysis and polygenic
score (PS) were developed to predict group membership. Mendelian randomization
was performed to infer causality.

Results

We identified four clinical groupings in the intensive glycemia arm, and
clinical group 4 (C4) displayed fewer CVD outcomes (HR=0.34, P=2.01x10-3) and
microvascular outcomes (HR=0.86, P=.015)
than standard treatment. A single nucleotide polymorphism, rs220721, in MAS1, reached suggestive significance with C4 (P=4.34x10-7). The PS predicted C4 with
high accuracy (AUC=0.98), and predicted C4 displayed reduced CVD risk on
intensive versus standard glycemia treatment (HR=0.53, P=4.02x10-6), but not for microvascular outcomes (P<.05).
Mendelian randomization indicated causality between the PS, on-trial HbA1c, and
reduction in CVD outcomes (P<.05).

Conclusions

We found evidence of a T2D clinical group in ACCORD that benefited from
intensive glycemia treatment, and membership of this group can be predicted
using genetic variants. This study generates new hypotheses with implications
for precision medicine in T2D and represents an important development for this
landmark clinical trial warranting further investigation.
Management of young girls with labial adhesion in the clinical and diagnostic Center of N.V. Dmitrieva Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital
Authors: Tazina Tatiana V. , Duzhnikova Natalia B. , Aleshkina Oksana S.
Published: April 2021

Aim. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of conservative treatment methods, namely, estriol-containing cream and non-hormonal drug, in girls with labial adhesion (LA) in the clinical and diagnostic center of N.V. Dmitrieva Regional Childrens Clinical Hospital.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of pediatric clinical cases of labial adhesion (n=300) was carried out in N.V. Dmitrieva Regional Childrens Clinical Hospital in the period from 2016 to 2018. The study included 150 girls diagnosed with labial adhesion who were treated with estriol-containing cream (study group) and 150 girls with the same diagnosis (control group) who were treated with a non-hormonal gel containing onion extract 10 g, heparin 5000 IU, and allantoin. The age of the participants ranged from 4 months to 2 years and 2 months. Informed consent was obtained from the girls parents for the examination of the child, use of estriol-containing drug or a drug of non-hormonal composition, and processing of personal data. Recovery was considered the absence of recurrent synechiae for 2 years, improvement as not more than one recurrence not earlier than 6 months after the previous treatment, and no effect as two or more recurrences earlier than 6 months.
Results. In the main group, recovery, improvement, and no effect were achieved in 108 (72%), 39 (26%), and 3 (2%) girls, respectively. In the control group, recovery, improvement, and no effect was achieved in 30 (20%), 75 (50%), and 45 (30%) girls, respectively.
Conclusion. The results revealed the effectiveness and safety of using estriol-containing drugs in young girls diagnosed with labial adhesion.
Acute myeloid leukemia in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient: diagnostic challenge (clinical case).
Authors: Fernandes Marta Sofia , Martins Joana , Campos Maria Antónia , Magalhães Cacilda , Eremina Yuliana O.
Published: April 2021

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) coexistence in the same patient has been rarely reported, more frequently due to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Blood parameter changes in cancer patients may be interpreted as disease progression or iatrogenic effects related to aggressive treatment, leading to delayed diagnosis. In our article, we call attention to the possibility of AML development in CLL patients and its diagnostic challenge.
Role of lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav N. , Kotlyarova Anna A.
Published: April 2021

Systemic inflammation makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and has been the subject of numerous studies. Works aiming to analyze the mechanisms of atherosclerosis development often include experiments on animals. A primary task of such research is the characterization, justification, and selection of an adequate model.
Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models.
Materials and Methods. Analyses of cross-links between species-specific peculiarities of lipid metabolism and the immune response, as well as a bioinformatic analysis of differences in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mice, rats, and rabbits in comparison with its human homolog, were carried out. A search for and analysis of the amino acid sequences of human, mouse, rat, and rabbit TLR4 was performed in the International database GenBank of National Center of Biotechnical Information and in The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database. Multiple alignments of the TLR4 amino acid sequences were implemented in the Clustal Omega program, version 1.2.4. Reconstruction and visualization of molecular phylogenetic trees were performed using the MEGA7 program according to the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods.
Results. Species-specific differences of the peculiarities of lipid metabolism and the innate immune response in humans, mice, and rabbits were shown that must be taken into account in analyses of study results.
Conclusion.Disorders in lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation mediated by the innate immune system participating in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in COPD possess species-specific differences that should be taken into account in analyses of study results.
Certain aspects of psychomotor activity in different styles of cognitive activity of an individual
Authors: Belskikh Irina A. , Belogurova Alina I.
Published: April 2021

Aim. This investigation studies the parameters of the psychomotor components of the types of the nervous system (NS) of personality in different styles of cognitive functioning.
Materials and Methods. One hundred medical university students (mean age 22.011.84 years, 15 males and 85 females) were examined. Experimental research methods: 1. Express method for determining the properties of the NS computer modification of the tapping test of E.P. Ilyin Psychomotor test of the NS (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). Criteria of strength, endurance, and lability of nervous processes in connection with the intensity of work. 2. Assessment of cognitive functioning a method of discrimination of the properties of concepts (cognitive style concrete/abstract conceptualization).
Results. All participants were ranked to 4 poles of cognitive style: 1 abstract subjectivity of conceptualization (4.9%); 2 abstract realism of conceptualization (10.1%); 3 concrete subjectivity of conceptualization (9.5%); 4 concrete realism of conceptualization (5.3%). In the group of studied individuals, a descending graph of movement speed dominated (61%), which corresponds to a weak type of NS; 10% of participants had a strong type of NS characterized by a convex graph type; a flat type was identified in 14% of patients. This type indicates a medium strength of the NS. Intermediate and concave types were diagnosed in 15% of participants, which corresponds to a moderately weak type of NS. In the statistical analysis of psychomotor NS parameters participant groups with different poles of conceptualization expression according to the criteria of E.P. Ilyin, the data obtained showed an interrelationship between a strong type of NS and a subjective concrete conceptualization. It was an expressed style of realistic abstractness and a weak type of NS.
Conclusion. The maximum frequency of the tapping test, being a parameter of the speed aspect of psychomotor activity, allows using this criterion to assess the overall activity and the style peculiarities of the cognitive activity, expressed in different types of conceptualization. Peculiarities of cognitive activity, expressed in the increased subjectiveness of conceptualization, correlate with functional mobility enhancement of the cortical processes, increase in information processing speed, and the effectiveness of integrative brain activity.
Radiofrequency obliteration in treatment of venous angiodysplasia
Authors: Sapelkin Sergey V. , Druzhinina Natalia A. , Chupin Andrey V. , Golovyuk Aleksandr L. , Abrosimov Aleksey V.
Published: April 2021

Aim. This study aimed to investigate potential use of radiofrequency obliteration (RFO) of angiomatous tissues in patients with venous malformations.
Materials and Methods. A single-center study retrospectively involved 42 clinical cases [57.1% of men (n=24), aged 18-44 years; 42.8% of women (n=18) aged 18-56 years] of venous angiodysplasia, with a total of 46 interventions using RFO. Clinical manifestations of the disease were primarily characterized by pain syndrome (71.4%), cosmetic defect (100%), and edema syndrome (95.2%).
Results. Clinical improvement was possibly achieved with the reduction of the intensity of manifestations of angiomatous processes in 37 patients (88.1%). Stable and partial obliterations of caverns in the zone of exposure to radiofrequency were recorded in 37 (88.0%) and 5 (12.0%) patients, respectively. In caverns with small diameter, obliteration was achieved in 100% of the cases. Postoperative complications included bleeding (2.4%), burns in the zone of electrode introduction (2.4%), lymphorrhea (2.4%), and hypesthesia (2.4%). With this, according to the results of duplex scanning performed on control visits, no significant disease progression was observed. In the same patient, several complications could occur. All complications regressed within a month and required no treatment in hospital conditions.
Conclusion. RFO showed advantage as a minimally invasive treatment method of venous angiodysplasias. Results suggest that RFO can be recommended for use in patients with 1 cm depth of lesion with caverns of medium and large diameter as an independent treatment method and in combination with standard resection methods.
THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS IN ARMED CONFLICT : LEGALITY AND CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE WEAPON REGULATION
Authors: Wilia Andreas , Wulan Christianti Diajeng
Published: April 2021

AbstractAutonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) has been developed as an alternative weapon system in the battlefield. It has a fundamental difference with other weapons systems which lies in decision making carried out without human intervention. AWS is able to make decisions about life and death and it has been legally, morally and ethically challenged since it has potential to distract moral and ethical on the battlefield. However, as a smart weapon, it gives a significant advantage since it can be deployed in very dangerous areas for the purpose of self-defense in critical situations. This article argues that AWS is still a conventional weapon and cannot be absolutely prohibited even if it is deemed as a vulnerable and destructive weapon which potentially violates international humanitarian law (IHL). AWS is still fully compliant with IHL basic principles for as long as there is a sufficient legal basis that provides the limit and legality of the use of AWS. Accordingly, this article also suggests that the future AWS regulation should be followed by appropriate technical provision on the development, production, ownership, transfer and use in armed conflict.Keywords: Armed Conflict, Autonomous Weapon Systems, International Humanitarian Law, Weapon Regulation

 

AbstrakSistem Senjata Otonom (AWS) telah dikembangkan sebagai sistem senjata alternatif dalam pertempuran dan memiliki perbedaan fundamental dengan sistem senjata lain yaitu, keputusan yang diambil tanpa adanya intervensi manusia. AWS mampu untuk memutuskan hidup dan matinya target kombatan sehingga penggunaannya ditentang baik secara hukum, moral, dan etika karena berpotensi merusak moral dan etika dalam peperangan. Namun demikian, sebagai senjata modern, AWS memberikan keuntungan yang nyata mengingat AWS dapat ditempatkan di daerah yang berbahaya bagi manusia untuk alasan bela diri dalam situasi yang sangat sulit. Penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa AWS tetap merupakan senjata konvensional yang penggunaannya tidak dapat dilarang secara absolut sekalipun berpotensi menjadi senjata penghancur yang dapat melanggar hukum humaniter. AWS mampu untuk mematuhi prinsip-prinsip dasar hukum humaniter sepanjang pengaturan dan pembatasan penggunaannya diatur dalam instrumen hukum humaniter yang memadai yang hingga saat ini belum tersedia. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa aturan AWS masa depan harus juga mencakup aturan-aturan teknis tentang pengembangan, pembuatan, kepemilikan, pengalihan serta penggunaan dari AWS dalam sengketa bersenjata. Kata Kunci: Aturan Senjata, Konflik Bersenjata, Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Sistem Senjata Otonom
THE URGENCY TO INCLUDE GENDER AS PROTECTED GROUP UNDER THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE
Authors: Satrio Purnomo Anandy
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This research will discuss exigence to assign gender as protected groups in Genocide under Rome Statute which contains about gender (indeed third gender) selective mass killing. This research is inspired from the allegation of selective mass killing to gender in Nanjing, China, India, and Indonesia which begs protection from crime of genocide. This research method used is the juridical normative approach method. The research is conducted by analyzing the data gained from library studies and international conventions related to International Criminal Law. The specification of research is done by describing the related legislations associated with the legal theory and practice of implementing an object of research. The result of this research shows that the gender has similar characteristics exclusive groups as the protected groups under article 6 Rome Statute. What the result of that based on article 9 Rome Statute, amendment protected group is possible to do.

 Keywords: Gender, Genocide, International Criminal Court

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini akan membahas urgensi untuk menambahkan gender sebagai kelompok yang dilindungi dalam kejahatan genosida yang diatur di bawah ketentuan Statuta Roma terkait pembantaian berpreferensi gender (termasuk gender ketiga). Penelitian ini terinspirasi dari adanya dugaan pembantaian selektif gender di Nanking, Tiongkok, India, bahkan Indonesia yang membutuhkan perlindungan dari ketentuan genosida. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis data yang diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan dan studi peraturan konvensi internasional yang berkaitan dengan Hukum Pidana Internasional. Penelitian menggunakan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis yaitu menggambarkan peraturan yang dikaitkan dengan teori hukum dan praktek pelaksanaan suatu objek penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa gender memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan kelompok yang dilindungi dalam kejahatan genosida. Sehingga sesuai dengan Pasal 9 Statuta Roma amandemen terhadap kelompok yang dilindungi dalam kejahatan genosida dimungkinkan untuk dilakukan.

Kata Kunci: Gender, Genosida, Mahkamah Peradilan Pidana
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Stand-alone DC Hybrid Microgrid for a Base Transceiver Station in Nigeria
Authors: Oton Cyprian , Tariq Iqbal M.
Published: April 2021

This work considers the dynamic modeling and simulation of a DC hybrid power system for a rural base transceiver station in Nigeria currently being powered by an AC diesel generator (DG). The transient behaviour of the system is studied under varying solar irradiation to ascertain the stability of the power supplied to the sensitive telecommunication equipment. Each component of the system is designed and simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment and connected to form the whole system. A permanent Magnet DC diesel generator is used as back-up power for the system. A detailed presentation of the solar array, buck converter, battery storage system, battery controller, diesel generator and the load are presented in this paper. The result shows a stable power output to the load at rated voltage of 48 V.
In Search of a New Quantum Theory: From an Electron with a Volume to the Mechanism of Light Generation
Authors: Nechayev Andrei
Published: April 2021

A new theoretical concept of quantum mechanics is proposed. The leading role is assigned to the electron as a non-point particle with a volume density of charge and mass. Based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, a nonlinear differential equation describing the dynamics of the charged substance of an electron is proposed. This new fundamental equation is transformed into the Schrödinger equation, with the density of the material substance of the electron being proportional to the square of the wave function. Since an electron in the form of a "cloud" of matter can change its configuration in space, we can give a classical interpretation to the process of generating a photon with a frequency and energy corresponding to the principles of quantum mechanics. Interference, diffraction, and the non-relativistic concept of electron spin is discussed.
Dossiê temático "Educação pública na contemporaneidade: cenários, desafios e perspectivas"
Authors: Leal da Hora Dinair , Fonseca Dora
Published: April 2021

O dossiê temático Educação pública na contemporaneidade: cenários, desafios e perspectivas, aqui apresentado em duas seções, ratifica o empenho da Revista Exitus em acompanhar e analisar criticamente as transformações que ocorrem no campo educacional. Assim, reúnem-se, na publicação do presente Dossiê, pesquisadores na área da educação, das instituições Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA,  Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, componentes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação na Amazônia - PGEDA – Doutorado em Rede, contando ainda com pesquisadores da Universidade de Aveiro – UA, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Universidade do Porto e pesquisador da UERJ, que assumem o significado essencial da educação pública para a formação qualitativa da sociedade e que, atualmente, especialmente no Brasil, vem recebendo ameaças importantes para a sua desconstrução, pelas atuais políticas em processo de implantação e implementação.
A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BRAGANÇA/PA E O TRABALHO DO CONSELHO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO NA EFETIVAÇÃO DA META 19
Authors: Monteiro de Oliveira Ney Cristina , De Souza Rodrigues da Silva Kezya Helga
Published: April 2021

A Gestão democrática, enquanto princípio da educação nacional e meta específica a ser alcançada no Plano Nacional de Educação (2014) e nos Planos subnacionais de Educação, continua a ser um grande desafio para estados e municípios em suas respectivas redes de ensino. O trabalho dos órgãos colegiados de representação da sociedade civil, tais como os Conselhos de Educação são legalmente e socialmente fundamentais para seu fortalecimento e exercício na prática da política educacional. Este artigo busca então analisar a execução da meta 19 (Meta da Gestão Democrática) proposta no Plano Municipal de Educação de Bragança - PA, no período de 2015 a 2017 e o trabalho do Conselho Municipal de Educação para sua efetividade na realidade educacional daquele município. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio dos procedimentos da revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo. A investigação apontou o frágil acompanhamento e monitoramento da execução das estratégias da meta da gestão democrática, a incipiente utilização do plano municipal como documento orientador das ações da política educacional, assim como explicita as dificuldades encontradas pelo Conselho Municipal de Educação, enquanto instância de gestão democrática municipal.
REKONSTRUKSI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN BERPERSPEKTIF GENDER DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Hamidi Ahmad Luthfi , Nafisah Durrotun , Nurrohman Aris
Published: April 2021

The quality of public policy in educational field seen from gender perspective can be divided into three levels: responsive, neutral, and potentially bias to gender issues. Among the policies of education in Banyumas Regency, which is stated in Strategic Planning (Renstra) of 2008-2013 and Renja of 2012, there was only one policy which could be categorized into responsive to gender issues, while others were neutral to gender issues. From this fact, it can be concluded that gender has not been a mainstream in Education Affairs Office (Dinas Pendidikan) of Banyumas Regency. The activities concerning gender issues have been just programmed and only incidentally realized by one section of the office. The success or failure of the integration of gender in educational policy in Banyumas regency is influenced by four factors of its formulation, namely the capacity of human resources, capacity building, the strength of networking, and organization culture.
Tapping into Bloom Taxonomy’s Higher-Order Cognitive Processes: The Case for Multiple Choice Questions as a Valid Assessment Tool in the ESP Classroom
Authors: Lenchuk Iryna , Ahmed Amer
Published: April 2021

This article describes the results of Action Research conducted in an ESP classroom of Dhofar University located in Oman. Following the call of Oman Vision 2040 to emphasize educational practices that promote the development of higher-order cognitive processes, this study raises the following question: Can an online multiple choice question (MCQ) quiz tap into the higher-order cognitive skills of apply, analyze and evaluate? This question was also critical at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when Omani universities switched to the online learning mode. The researchers administered an online MCQ quiz to 35 undergraduate students enrolled in an ESP course for Engineering and Sciences. The results showed that MCQ quizzes could be developed to tap into higher-order thinking skills when the stem of the MSQ is developed as a task or a scenario. The study also revealed that students performed better on MCQs that tap into low-level cognitive skills. This result can be attributed to the prevalent practice in Oman to develop assessment tools that tap only into a level of Bloom’s taxonomy, which involves the cognitive process of retrieving memorized information. The significance of the study lies in its pedagogical applications. The study calls for the use of teaching and assessment practices that target the development of higher-order thinking skills, which is aligned with the country’s strategic direction reflected in Oman vision 2040.
Psychological Difficulties during the Covid Lockdown: Video in Blended Digital Teaching Language, Literature, and Culture
Authors: Babelyuk Oksana , Koliasa Olena , Lopushanskyy Vasyl , Smaglii Valeriia , Yukhymets Svitlana
Published: April 2021

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused an urgent necessity for higher education institutions and their teaching staff to move the educational process online in the shortest possible time. It should be admitted that higher education worldwide is changing, and institutions face challenges when adapting to the new COVID-19 reality – blended digital teaching and learning. They are tackling several issues connected with the essence of virtual education, its technical aspect, and students’ learning environment. During COVID-19 lockdown, teachers have to prepare and deliver their classes from home, simultaneously coping with numerous professional and technical challenges, often without any appropriate support. In addition to that, they were lack of technology literacy, professional knowledge, and experience needed for successful E-teaching. Besides, a new mode of blended digital teaching and learning also made them consider technical and administrative aspects of the current educational process, namely to use new educational platforms and tools, organize active workflows, and work out critical educational principles to design and facilitate practical online experiences. Along with the challenges that the teachers face in such conditions, they should be able to cope with the stress and psychological disorders of pupils and students. The article emphasizes the abnormal psychology of youngsters (pupils and students) as the result of stress and anxiety that appeared during Covid lockdown – the application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disorders – and the use of video as a productive means of avoiding psychological disabilities. The research objective is to prove that video is an effective educational tool for avoiding psychological difficulties in blended digital learning during COVID-19 lockdown while teaching foreign languages, literature, and culture. Special attention is paid to psychological strategies of overcoming stress during COVID-19 lockdown, as well as to effective ways to students’ adapt to a virtual learning environment, development and implementation of anti-stress methods, which heighten their motivation. The article also heads on and explores potential solutions to educational problems that one can encounter in the new educational process at the post-COVID-19 epidemic period, such as the quality of education offered, its cost and availability, internationalization, and employability.
Innovative Practices in Instructor E-feedback: A Case Study of E-feedback given in Three Linguistic Courses during the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: O. AbuSa’aleek Atef , Shariq Mohammad
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the instructor’s electronic feedback practices during the COVID 19 Pandemic in terms of the nature of the content of e-feedback, the formulation, the challenges, and the multimodal nature of the instructor’s e-feedback. This study used a qualitative case study to obtain data from the instructor’s e-feedback in three linguistic courses as delivered, practiced by the single English language instructor. The instructor’s e-feedback via Blackboard and WhatsApp platform and the follow-up interview were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that (1) the highest number of instructor’s e-feedback focused on global issues as compared to local issues, (2) the instructor composed his e-feedback in the form of eight main categories: explanations, suggestions, clarifications, questioning, repetitions, statements, praises, and commands, (3) the instructor used more screencasts for providing e-feedback, followed by written and audio modes respectively. The thematic analysis (4) revealed the instructor’s positive impression on providing e-feedback through these interactive modes (written, audio, and screencast) and a range of challenging issues such as students’ preference issues, technical issues, timing issues, financial and areal issues. This study is significant because it provides us with a comprehensive picture of the patterns of the feedback content, the formulation of the e-feedback, the multimodality of the instructor’s e-feedback, and the significant issues that emerged from the instructor’s e-feedback practices. However, further research should include a relative group of instructors to determine the impact of e-feedback on learners.
The Development of Intercultural Competence of Secondary School Pupils and University Students
Authors: V. Krotik Kateryna , O. Morhun Oleksandra
Published: April 2021

Some issues regarding how secondary school pupils’ and university students’ (majoring in English, Chinese) intercultural competence, which are to be developed under conditions of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19, are presented in the article. The authors review the literature on the education standards alongside some native and foreign scholars’ definitions of the pedagogical phenomenon “competence.” The purpose of the study is to analyze the model of competence under focus. We introduce some learning objectives aimed at developing secondary school pupils’ and university students’ intercultural competence. The problem`s relevance is preconditioned by the expanded intercultural and interethnic ties within Ukraine and other countries, which are to be observed when dealing with representatives of different countries and considered when elaborating the competence-based framework for secondary school pupils and university students. The leading suggestions (findings) related to the study have been given: systematic formation of the intercultural competence of secondary school pupils and university students, improvement of the existing curricula, and syllabi’s adaptation of the educational profession-oriented training programs intended future translators and teachers of foreign languages.
Means of Foreign Language Teaching during Covid-19 Pandemic in Ukraine
Authors: VENZHYNOVYCH Nataliia , POLUZHYN Mykhaylo , BANYOI Veronika , KHARKIVSKA Olesya
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the description and analysis of the most important methods of foreign language teaching. The authors describe teaching English in Ukraine during the global pandemic caused by the spread of coronavirus disease Covid-19 in early spring 2020. The study aims at reviewing the most important works of Ukrainian and foreign scholars. They describe the most modern methods of teaching English in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The scholars pay particular attention to the description of the latest English teaching methods, which they use at Uzhhorod National University. The observation process allowed us to summarize information about the features of distance learning at Uzhhorod National University. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction generalization, and the descriptive method are applied. The study found out the educational process has been reformed in Ukrainian universities by European quality requirements for education: informatization-globalization of academic space, integration of functions in modern education, establishing Ukrainian universities cooperation with European and Eastern educational institutions in the field of education and research as well as changes in the educational process associated with the rapid spread of Covid-19, which forced the entire civilized world to seek new types of learning, new methods, and tools. During the pandemic, it is vital to provide personality-oriented education. This knowledge provides optimal conditions for the harmonious development of each student. Further research into the latest computer technologies for foreign language teaching may be a prospect.
Mišljenje studenata i prvostupnika fizioterapije o
teorijskoj i praktičnoj nastavi
Authors: Jurički Dora , Petrak Olivera , Schuster Snježana
Published: April 2021

Uvod: „Fizioterapeut mora posjedovati određena znanjai vještine…“ Ova fraza odnosi se na stručne kompetencije potrebne za
adekvatnu fizioterapijsku procjenu pacijenta, na postavljanje ciljane dijagnoze
na temelju procjene te na provođenje fizioterapijske intervencije. Naglašava da je u obrazovanju učenje teorije jednako važno kao i svladavanje praktičnog dijela profesije.

Cilj rada: Utvrditi koliko studenti tijekom
obrazovanja smatraju zadovoljavajućima i usklađenima teorijske i vježbovne sadržaje iz struke te postoji li značajna razlika u mišljenju studenata treće godine u odnosu apsolvente i
prvostupnike fizioterapije.

Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno sa studentima i
prvostupnicima fizioterapije Zdravstvenog veleučilišta u Zagrebu (ZVU) 2019. godine.
Sudjelovalo je 88 ispitanika, podijeljenih u dvije skupine. Prvu skupinu činili su apsolventi i studenti sa
završenim preddiplomskim studijem, a drugu
skupinu studenti treće godine redovnog studija
fizioterapije. U trenutku ispunjavanja ankete studenti druge skupine odrađivali su kliničku nastavu.

Rezultati: Ispitanici smatraju kako bi na
praktična znanja trebalo staviti veći naglasak te da postoji neusklađenost znanja koje dobivaju u
edukaciji i praktičnog rada s kojim se susreću na radilištima. Mišljenja su kako bi bilo kvalitetnije
da praksa iz određenog predmeta slijedi neposredno nakon
teorijskog upoznavanja s predmetom te im je važan individualni angažman svakog studenta. Prva skupina u
većoj mjeri smatra da im je potrebno
dodatno usavršavanje osnovnih praktičnih vještina, kao i da je nužno usklađivanje znanja nastavnika i mentora.

Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da je povećana potreba za unaprjeđenjem aktualnih teorijskih i praktičnih znanja u cilju napredne
fizioterapijske prakse uz otvaranje mogućnosti jedinstvenog kurikuluma za obrazovanje budućih prvostupnika fizioterapije u Hrvatskoj.
Zlatni standard u edukaciji budućih fizioterapeuta postiže se, uz poboljšanje kvalitete edukacije studenata
i edukacijom predavača i mentora.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif, Subjective Well Being Dan Work Life Balance Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pada Pegawai Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Haryono Mursid , Satria Yudhi
Published: April 2021

Kepuasan kerja adalah tujuan utama dari semua orang yang bekerja. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara empiris pengaruh dari Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif, subjective well being dan work life balance terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai di sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Ponorogo. Oleh karena itu, rumusan hipotesis dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif, subjective well being dan work life balance dengan kepuasan kerja pada Pegawai di Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Ponorogo dengan jumlah 80 orang pegawai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah model kuantitatif korelasional dengan menggunakan instrument berupa skala yang berbentuk angket yang di sebar kepada 80 orang pegawai di Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Ponorogo. Teknik untuk menganalisis data penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dalam program SPSS for windows. Dari hasil analisis data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif, subjective well being dan work life balance dengan kepuasan.kerja pada pegawai di Sekretariat, DPRD.Kabupaten Ponorogo.