bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des documents de planification et d’urbanisme aux politiques publiques dédiées : la prise en compte des jardins collectifs dans sept agglomérations françaises
Authors: Consalès Jean Noël , Cordier France , Blanchart Anne , Schwartz Christophe , Séré Geoffroy , Vandenbroucke Perrine
Published: February 2019

L’objectif du présent article est de comprendre comment les jardins collectifs sont pris en compte dans la planification et l’urbanisme français. Pour ce faire, il propose, tout d’abord, une revue du droit afférent aux potagers urbains. Il constate, à cet égard, son manque d’efficience. Restant uniquement centré sur les jardins familiaux, celui-ci se révèle, en effet, incapable de traduire des réalités de terrain en constante évolution. En se fondant sur l’étude des documents de planification et d’urbanisme de 7 agglomérations (Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), cet article démontre, ensuite, qu’en la matière les Plans locaux d’urbanisme (PLU) sont certes de plus en plus intégrateurs, mais aussi très fluctuants d’un contexte territorial à l’autre. La commune reste, néanmoins, l’échelle d’appréhension la plus pertinente quant aux jardins collectifs. Enfin, en s’appuyant une analyse fine des politiques publiques dédiées aux potagers urbains dans trois agglomérations représentatives (Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes), cet article montre que les dispositifs ad hoc créés par les municipalités engendrent des inégalités de conception et de traitement en fonction des agglomérations et suivant les formes de jardins collectifs. À ce titre, jardins familiaux et jardins partagés sont souvent opposés.
Échelles territoriales et politiques du métabolisme urbain : la structuration des filières de biodéchets et l’intégration de l’agriculture urbaine à Rennes
Authors: Bahers Jean-Baptiste , Giacchè Giulia
Published: February 2019

Cet article interroge les enjeux d'économie circulaire au prisme du cadre théorique du métabolisme urbain, en se basant sur la filière des matières et déchets organiques. Il s'agit de coupler les méthodes d'analyse des flux et de leur gouvernance. Le cas d’étude que nous avons choisi pour illustrer ce propos est celui des filières des biodéchets à Rennes. En particulier, nous avons approfondi leurs structurations à travers l’analyse de trois principaux aspects : les pratiques, les flux et les politiques publiques. Nous avons identifié trois grandes filières qui coexistent, avec des configurations d’acteurs très différentes : la filière « dominante » (plateforme de compostage, incinération, enfouissement), la filière « participative » (compostage participatif) et la filière « à venir » (collecte sélective, méthanisation). Ce contexte montre qu’il n’y a pas vraiment de remise en cause de la gestion centralisée des réseaux de déchets, mais plutôt une hybridation des filières.
Reconnecter villes et campagnes : vers des symbioses agricoles et agri-urbaines ? Une exploration sur le plateau de Saclay
Authors: Petit Caroline , Levavasseur Florent , Verger Yoann
Published: February 2019

Depuis les années 1970 commencent à émerger de nouvelles conceptions pour re-créer des synergies entre ville et agriculture, la dernière en date promouvant le développement d'une économie circulaire. Cet article porte sur les flux transitant au sein des systèmes agri-alimentaires, en considérant les biens alimentaires, les flux amont de la production agricole liés à l’agro-fourniture, mais aussi les flux avals correspondant à la gestion des déchets. Une démarche couplée en écologie territoriale et en agronomie des territoires a été mise en oeuvre dans un territoire agri-urbain de la région Île-de-France, le plateau de Saclay, pour étudier les symbioses agricoles et agri-urbaines, expliciter les logiques qui sous-tendent les flux de matière et explorer les marges de manoeuvre qui permettraient d’internaliser davantage le métabolisme agri-alimentaire. Les résultats montrent que les flux internes et les boucles de recyclage relèvent majoritairement d’exploitations agricoles de type diversifié : polyculture-élevage, agri-composteur, agriculture biologique, et que le système dans son ensemble reste marqué par un fonctionnement linéaire et externalisé. Différentes voies sont envisagées pour mettre en place davantage de symbioses agricoles et agri-urbaines, nécessitant toutes à différents niveaux des changements technologiques, organisationnels et culturels. L’évaluation de la durabilité de ces flux locaux doit nécessairement intégrer des aspects quantitatifs, dont nous proposons ici une approche méthodologique, mais aussi qualitatifs pour considérer la nature des matières en circulation et l’éventuelle contamination des boucles de recyclage.
Jardins partagés : une contribution habitante au système agri-alimentaire territorialisé rennais
Authors: Giacchè Giulia , Le Caro Yvon
Published: February 2019

Nous proposons d’examiner en quoi l’expérience citadine des jardins partagés contribue à renouveler le système agri-alimentaire territorialisé (SAT) d’une ville, Rennes (Bretagne, France). Pour penser l’expérience habitante et les dynamiques des systèmes alimentaires territorialisés dans un même mouvement, trois corpus théoriques sont mobilisés : l’approche territorialiste qui rapproche agriculture, ville et territoire, un ensemble de travaux d’économie et sociologie agri-alimentaire territorialisée et la géographie sociale qui pose les jardins partagés comme espaces-enjeux. Sur la base de 27 entretiens semi-directifs de jardiniers et de responsables associatifs, une analyse du contenu du discours et une analyse lexicométrique avec IRaMuTeq sont présentées. Au niveau des jardiniers, la construction de liens et de lieux, si elles résultent de leurs pratiques agricoles et alimentaires, en sont d’abord des motivations. Au niveau du SAT, le processus de territorialisation tient à la richesse des interactions, des flux et des réseaux qu’il mobilise plus qu’au localisme des circuits économiques. L’analyse lexicométrique révèle en outre des liens forts entre pratiques individuelles et flux économiques, entre les lieux des jardins et la dynamique des réseaux associatifs, entre la construction du lien interpersonnel et la conflictualité des interactions entre acteurs.
Planification spatiale et agriculture urbaine. L’exemple de l’agglomération tourangelle
Authors: Tanguay Céline , Yengué Jean Louis , Serrano José
Published: February 2019

Pour les décennies à venir, deux défis sociétaux forts devront être relevés : nourrir décemment les 10 milliards d’Hommes et assurer une qualité de vie dans les villes surpeuplées. Nourrir la planète renvoie à la préservation des terres agricoles, elles-mêmes fortement menacées par les extensions urbaines. De plus, le bien-être en ville pourra être en partie assuré par les éléments de Nature parmi lesquels figurent les jardins potagers et autres éléments d’agriculture urbaine. De nombreuses études scientifiques montrent que le maintien de l’agriculture en ville est une des réponses pour concilier augmentation démographique, autosuffisance alimentaire et bien-être. Malgré les initiatives de plus en plus nombreuses, la mise en œuvre d’un projet d’agriculture urbaine est complexe et jamais gagnée d’avance. En se fondant sur Tours (France), cet article décrypte la fabrique d’un tel projet, aussi bien sur le plan politique et technique. Il montre que nourrir les urbains n’est qu’un prétexte pour répondre à des enjeux économiques (structurer une filière), sociaux (cohésion sociale) et environnementaux (biodiversité, protection du sol et des nappes phréatiques, etc.). C’est ainsi que tous les acteurs de l’aménagement urbain seront mobilisés, gage de réussite d’un projet d’agriculture urbaine. Cette vision multifonctionnelle du territoire permet de dépasser le cloisonnement encore fort entre environnementale et alimentaire alors que les objectifs sous-jacents sont convergents. Aussi, nous proposons l’idée de joindre les objectifs de préservation de la biodiversité à l’alimentation en réalisant une « trame verte, bleue et alimentaire » (TVBA).
De l’économie socialiste à l’économie de marché : l’Algérie face à ses problèmes écologiques
Authors: Ouchene  Belkacem , Moroncini Aurora
Published: February 2019

En Algérie, le programme d’industrialisation après l'Indépendance, la forte croissance démographique, la littoralisation du Nord et le chômage aggravé par le programme d’ajustement structurel ont eu raison de la qualité de l’environnement autant dans les zones urbaines que dans les villages. Après trois décennies de développement et un passage à vide en matière de culture écologique, l'Algérie s'est rendu compte depuis l’émergence notamment du débat sur l’environnement-développement, qu'elle a, au même titre que les autres pays, des problèmes d'environnement qu'elle ne peut ignorer (pollution, érosion, fragilité du couvert végétal et l'appauvrissement de son potentiel, sur-urbanisation, etc.) Néanmoins, cette prise de conscience de la fragilité de la situation environnementale coïncide avec une crise économique et financière. Pour mesurer pleinement l’ampleur des problèmes écologiques de l’Algérie et pouvoir proposer des solutions aussi efficaces que pérennes, il s’avère important de replacer la problématique écologique dans le contexte général du modèle de développement socio-économique adopté depuis l962. Cette contribution a comme objectif de déterminer si la politique économique algérienne poursuivie depuis l’indépendance peut prétendre à un développement durable ne serait-ce que d’un point de vue économique et, dans l’affirmative, de quelle façon celui-ci pourrait être réalisé en harmonie avec la protection de l’environnement. Cet objectif nous a amenés à tenter, à partir et dans la dynamique interne des structures économiques et industrielles algériennes, de cerner le lien existant entre les politiques économique et industrielle et l’altération de l'environnement. À cette fin, nous avons adopté une approche qui consiste à privilégier l'examen causal des problèmes écologiques en relation avec la politique économique mise en place.
Opportunities and Challenges of Cybersecurity for Undergraduate Information Systems Programs
Authors: Wang Shouhong , Wang Hai
Published: February 2019

This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of cybersecurity for information systems (IS) programs and proposes a curriculum structure of cybersecurity track for IS programs. The study has collected data from eighty-two course websites of thirteen institutions at the graduate level and sixteen institutions at the undergraduate level as well as twenty descriptions of cybersecurity jobs posted on the internet. The collected qualitative data has been analyzed from the from the perspective of IS education. The findings indicate that the topics of cybersecurity management and essential cybersecurity technology are relevant to the IS discipline. The article suggests that these topics can be the components of two cybersecurity courses offered by IS programs to meet the demands and challenges of cybersecurity.
Current access and recruitment practices in nursing education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal: A case study of student nurses with disabilities
Authors: Moodley Selvarani , Mchunu Gugu
Published: February 2019

Background: While institutions of higher education may have increased access and accommodation for students with disabilities, institutions primarily providing nurse training in South Africa do not mirror the same practice.Objectives: Notwithstanding the integration of disability policies enacted in South Africa in 2010, a majority of people with disabilities are still excluded from the activities of society equally applicable to nursing education. This article describes the current access and recruitment practices for student nurses with disabilities (SNWDs) in nursing education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal to provide baseline data, which is largely absent in nursing institutions.Method: A concurrent mixed-method design using a multiple embedded case study approach was employed. This article presented phase 1 of the study, a quantitative survey of all private nursing education institutions (n = 27), complemented by individual, in-depth interviews with SNWDs (n = 10). Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 24, with a response rate of 78% (n = 21), whereas qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.Results: The findings revealed that the majority of private NEIs lack policy guidelines for recruiting SNWDs; however, other means of guidance is sought, for example, using the technical assistance. While NEIs were willing to recruit SNWDs, access to clinical sites, lectures, support systems and reasonable accommodation was challenging.Conclusion: Private NEIs are providing an inclusive education to all students including those with disabilities; however, they still have a long way to go in meeting the needs of SNWDs with regards to support and accommodation.
The psycho-social and clinical profile of women referred for psycho-legal evaluation to forensic mental health units in South Africa
Authors: Nagdee Mohammed , Artz Lillian , Corral-Bulnes Carmen , Heath Aisling , Subramaney Ugasvaree , De Clercq Helena G. , Erlacher Helmut , Kotze Carla , Lippi Gian , Naidoo Samantha , Sokudela Funeka
Published: February 2019

Background: There is a paucity of research on women offenders in the South African context, particularly those referred for forensic psychiatric observation. Little is known about their life histories, the nature of their offences or the psycho-social contexts that enable, or are antecedents to, women’s criminal offending.Aims: This research study, the largest of its kind in South Africa, examined the psycho-social contexts within which women offenders referred for psychiatric evaluation come to commit offences. The profiles of both offenders and victims, as well as reasons for referral and forensic mental health outcomes, were investigated.Methods: A retrospective record review of 573 cases, spanning a 12-year review period, from six different forensic psychiatric units in South Africa, was conducted.Results: The findings describe a population of women offenders who come from backgrounds of socio-demographic and socio-economic adversity, with relatively high pre-offence incidences of being victims of abuse themselves, with significant levels of mental ill-health and alcohol abuse permeating their life histories. The majority of index offences which led to court-ordered forensic evaluations were for violent offences against the person, with murder being the single most common index offence in the sample. Most victims of violence were known to the accused. There were also relatively high rates of psychotic and mood-spectrum disorders present, with relatively low rates of personality disorders. The majority of women were deemed to be trial competent and criminally responsible in relation to their index offences.Conclusion: It is recommended that more standardised and gender-sensitive forensic mental health assessment approaches, documentation and reporting be employed throughout the country. Future research should compare male and female offending patterns and forensic mental health profiles.
Leishmania spp. Infection Rate and Feeding Patterns of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Hyperendemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Community in Panamá
Authors: Rigg Chystrie A. , Calzada José E. , Saldaña Azael , Perea Milixa , Chaves Luis F. , Valderrama Anayansi
Published: February 2019

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a common and important vector-borne parasitic zoonosis in Panamá. Here, we study Leishmania spp. infection rates and blood-feeding patterns among common sand flies in Trinidad de Las Minas, a rural community with hyperendemic ACL transmission, and where a deltamethrin fogging trial was performed. Sand flies were collected from April 2010 to June 2011 with light traps installed inside and in the peridomicile of 24 houses. We restricted our analysis to the most abundant species at the study site: Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia panamensis, Lutzomyia triramula, and Lutzomyia dysponeta. We detected Leishmania spp. infection in sand flies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1) in pooled females (1–10 females per pool). Host species of engorged sand flies were identified using a cytochrome b PCR. From 455 sand fly pools analyzed, 255 pools were positive for Leishmania spp., with an estimated infection rate (confidence interval) of 0.096 [0.080–0.115] before the deltamethrin fogging which slightly, but not significantly (P > 0.05), increased to 0.116 [0.098–0.136] after the deltamethrin fogging. Blood meal analysis suggested that pigs, goats, and birds were the most common sand fly blood sources, followed by humans and domestic dogs. DNA sequencing from a subsample of ITS-1 positive pools suggests that Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania naiffi, and other Leishmania spp. were the parasite species infecting the most common vectors at the study site. Our data confirm an association between sand fly species, humans, domestic dogs, and pigs and Leishmania spp. parasites in rural Panamá.
Genetic Structure of Brazilian Populations of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) by Means of Chromosomal Markers
Authors: Madeira Fernanda Fernandez , Reis Yago Visinho dos , Bittinelli Isadora de Freitas , Delgado Luiza Maria Grzyb , Oliveira Jader de , Mendonça Vagner José , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo , Azeredo-Oliveira Maria Tercília Vilela de , Rosa João Aristeu da , Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli
Published: February 2019

Triatoma sordida is among the main Brazilian species considered as Chagas disease vectors. The genetic studies are directed mainly to phylogenetic questions because this species possibly have suffered cryptic speciation. Furthermore, there are few studies that analyzed the structure and genetic variability of specimens from Brazil and that showed low genetic diversity and strong genetic structuring of the population samples. Therefore, because of great epidemiological importance of T. sordida and mainly the restriction of genetic characterization of this vector only for populations of Minas Gerais state, this article performs a genetic analysis of the T. sordida from seven different Brazilian states (representing different biomes), by means of cytogenetic markers. All analyzed specimens presents the same cytogenetic characteristics: early meiotic prophase with several heterochromatic bodies dispersed in the nucleus (CG-rich), being one of them formed by the associated sex chromosomes surrounded by some autosomal heterochromatic regions, meiotic metaphase with most autosomal pairs exhibiting a C-heterochromatic block in one chromosomal end (CG-rich), Y sex chromosome fully heterochromatin (AT-rich), and X chromosome may present a small C-block (CG-rich). These results are important because the chromosomal markers enable to confirm and expand the low genetic diversity for all Brazilian states occupied by T. sordida, suggesting that all Brazilian populations were originated from a small ancestral population and possibly dispersed to other biomes by founder effect. In addition, we suggest that T. sordida from Brazil are not suffering cryptic speciation and we confirm the classification of all Brazilian examples as T. sordida sensu stricto.
Aptidão cardiorrespiratória em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Batista Kenia Rejane de Oliveira , Oliveira Mona Gizelle Dreger de , Lemos Carla Fabiane dos Santos , Couto Josiene De Oliveira , Soares Nara Michelle Moura , Silva Roberto Jeronimo dos Santos
Published: February 2019

Cardiorespiratory fitness is an important health status indicator. The purpose of this study was to verify the cardiorespiratory fitness according to age group and gender in children and adolescents from Sergipe, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study with sample consisting of 195 adolescents of both genders with mean age of 11.75 ± 3.0 years. For the characterization of participants, a questionnaire with age and gender identification designed by researchers was used. Subsequently, participants were submitted to anthropometric evaluation in order to estimate the maturational stage by means of the peak height velocity (PHV). The 20-meter back-and-forth test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. Two-way ANOVA was applied with sample divided into two groups (“up to 13 years” and “above 13 years”). Polynomial contrast was used to identify the type of tendency for cardiorespiratory fitness, and simple contrast for multiple comparisons. All procedures were performed using SPSS version 22.0 software, considering 5% significance level. In the “over 13 years” group, there was a significant effect on the cardiorespiratory capacity behavior according to “gender” [F(1, 45) = 5.54, p = 0.02, r = 0.33] and “age” [F(4.45) = 3.37, p = 0.02, r = 0.48]. The simple contrast identified increased cardiorespiratory fitness behavior in relation to age groups of 15 and 16 year when compared to the age group of 14 years. It was concluded that gender and age positively influence cardiorespiratory fitness from the maturational reference age in the study group.
Comparação da aptidão física e qualidade de vida entre adolescentes praticantes e não praticantes de esporte
Authors: Pacífico Ana Beatriz , Camargo Edina Maria de , De Oliveira Valdomiro , Vagetti Gislaine Cristina , Piola Thiago Silva , De Campos Wagner
Published: February 2019

Adolescence is conducive to implementing interventions that encourage healthy lifestyles, especially when there is involvement with sports. The aim of this study was to compare physical activity, physical fitness and quality of life perception of adolescents who practice and do not practice after-school sports. The sample consisted of 374 adolescents, 198 boys and 176 girls, with mean age of 16.35 ± 0.65 and 16.19 ± 0.67 years. The QAFA questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of physical activity and the Fitnessgram was used to evaluate physical fitness. The KIDSCREEN-52 was used to evaluate quality of life perception. One-way ANOVA was conducted for comparisons (p>0.05). Boys and girls who did not practice sports  presented lower levels of physical activity and physical fitness compared to those engaged in after-school sports and other type of regular physical exercise (p<0,01). Boys and girls engaged in after-school sports also presented higher scores for quality of life perception (p ≤ 0.01). Adolescents engaged in after- school sports showed higher levels of physical activity and better quality of life perception. Physical fitness components were better for adolescents engaged in after-school sports and for those engaged in other physical exercise modalities.
Improving transition rates of students in informal settlements into higher education: An analysis of the Macheo Mentoring Programme
Authors: Kitawi Alfred
Published: February 2019

This research presents a viable way to encourage students in informal settlements to transit from high schools to tertiary institutions by focusing on the case of the Macheo Mentoring Programme of Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya. The aim was to investigate how the Macheo Mentoring Programme contributed to the academic success of final year students, with a focus on subjects and overall performance. Though Macheo has other aims, such as provision of life skills, the research examined mainly academic performance, providing insight to how universities can structure their own high-school mentoring programs, the processes that need to be in place and possible challenges they may experience. The research contributes to the literature on the university’s role in encouraging student participation. Information was gathered from a cross-sectional survey questionnaire of 72 parents and 76 students. Other qualitative information was gathered to provide insight to what could have contributed to students’ success and further augmented quantitative responses. The conclusion was that there is a link between mentorship and students’ success. Though this finding is similar to that of most studies undertaken in the Global North, this study aims to combat the dearth of such research in the Global South. The research indicates implicit connections between the university and community, which can be leveraged if they work together as partners.
Keywords: university-community service; mentoring; transition to tertiary institutions; informal settlements
Environmental and biological controls on Na / Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals
Authors: Schleinkofer Nicolai , Raddatz Jacek , Freiwald André , Evans David , Beuck Lydia , Rüggeberg Andres , Liebetrau Volker
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Here we present a comprehensive attempt to correlate aragonitic Na / Ca ratios from Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata and a caryophylliid cold-water coral (CWC) species with different seawater parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH. Living CWC specimens were collected from 16 different locations and analyzed for their Na / Ca content using solution-based inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements. The results reveal no apparent correlation with salinity (30.1–40.57 g/kg) but a significant inverse correlation with temperature (−0.31 mmol/mol/°C). Other marine aragonitic organisms such as Mytilus edulis (inner aragonitic shell portion) and Porites sp. exhibit similar results highlighting the consistency of the calculated CWC regressions. Corresponding Na / Mg ratios show a similar temperature sensitivity to Na / Ca ratios, but the combination of two ratios appear to reduce the impact of vital effects and domain-dependent geochemical variation. The high degree of scatter and elemental heterogeneities between the different skeletal features in both Na / Ca and Na / Mg however limit the use of these ratios as a proxy and/or make a high number of samples necessary. Additionally, we explore two models to explain the observed temperature sensitivity of Na / Ca ratios for an open and semi-enclosed calcifying space based on temperature sensitive Na and Ca pumping enzymes and transport proteins that change the composition of the calcifying fluid and consequently the skeletal Na / Ca ratio.
An evaluation of daily precipitation from atmospheric reanalyses over
Australia
Authors: Acharya Suwash Chandra , Nathan Rory , Wang Quan J. , Su Chun-Hsu , Eizenberg Nathan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. An accurate representation of spatio-temporal characteristics of precipitation fields is fundamental for many hydro-meteorological analyses but is often limited by the paucity of gauges. Reanalysis models provide systematic methods of representing atmospheric processes to produce datasets of spatio-temporal precipitation estimates. The precipitation from the reanalysis datasets should, however, be evaluated thoroughly before use because it is inferred from physical parameterization. In this paper, we evaluated the precipitation dataset from the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) and compared it against (a) gauged point observations, (b) an interpolated gridded dataset based on gauged point observations (AWAP), and (c) a global reanalysis dataset (ERA-Interim). We utilized a range of evaluation metrics such as continuous metrics (correlation, bias, variability, modified Kling-Gupta efficiency), categorical metrics, and other statistics (wet day frequency, transition probabilities and quantiles) to ascertain the quality of the dataset. BARRA, in comparison with ERA-Interim, shows a better representation of rainfall of larger magnitude at both point and grid scale of 5 km. BARRA also consistently reproduces the distribution of wet days and transition probabilities. The performance of BARRA varies spatially, with better performance in the temperate zone than in the arid and tropical zones. A point-to-grid evaluation based on correlation, bias and modified Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE') indicates that ERA-Interim performs on par or better than BARRA. However, on a spatial scale, BARRA outperforms AWAP in terms of KGE' score and the components of the KGE' score. Our evaluation illustrates that BARRA, with richer spatial variations in climatology of daily precipitation, provides an improved representation of precipitation compared with the coarser ERA-Interim. It is a useful complement to existing precipitation datasets for Australia, especially in sparsely gauged regions.
Identifying rainfall-runoff events in discharge time series: a data-driven method based on information theory
Authors: Thiesen Stephanie , Darscheid Paul , Ehret Uwe
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this study, we propose a data-driven approach for automatically identifying
rainfall-runoff events in discharge time series. The
core of the concept is to construct and apply discrete multivariate
probability distributions to obtain probabilistic predictions of each time
step that is part of an event. The approach permits any data to serve as
predictors, and it is non-parametric in the sense that it can handle any
kind of relation between the predictor(s) and the target. Each choice of a
particular predictor data set is equivalent to formulating a model
hypothesis. Among competing models, the best is found by comparing their
predictive power in a training data set with user-classified events. For
evaluation, we use measures from information theory such as Shannon entropy
and conditional entropy to select the best predictors and models and,
additionally, measure the risk of overfitting via cross entropy and
Kullback–Leibler divergence. As all these measures are expressed in “bit”,
we can combine them to identify models with the best tradeoff between
predictive power and robustness given the available data. We applied the method to data from the Dornbirner Ach catchment in Austria,
distinguishing three different model types: models relying on discharge data,
models using both discharge and precipitation data, and recursive models,
i.e., models using their own predictions of a previous time step as an
additional predictor. In the case study, the additional use of precipitation
reduced predictive uncertainty only by a small amount, likely because the
information provided by precipitation is already contained in the discharge
data. More generally, we found that the robustness of a model quickly dropped
with the increase in the number of predictors used (an effect well known as
the curse of dimensionality) such that, in the end, the best model was a
recursive one applying four predictors (three standard and one recursive):
discharge from two distinct time steps, the relative magnitude of discharge
compared with all discharge values in a surrounding 65 h time window and
event predictions from the previous time step. Applying the model reduced the
uncertainty in event classification by 77.8 %, decreasing conditional
entropy from 0.516 to 0.114 bits. To assess the quality of the proposed
method, its results were binarized and validated through a holdout method and
then compared to a physically based approach. The comparison showed similar
behavior of both models (both with accuracy near 90 %), and the cross-validation reinforced the quality of the proposed model. Given enough data to build data-driven models, their potential lies in the
way they learn and exploit relations between data unconstrained by
functional or parametric assumptions and choices. And, beyond that, the use
of these models to reproduce a hydrologist's way of identifying rainfall-runoff
events is just one of many potential applications.
A hybrid stochastic rainfall model that reproduces some important rainfall characteristics at hourly to yearly timescales
Authors: Park Jeongha , Onof Christian , Kim Dongkyun
Published: February 2019

Abstract. A novel approach to stochastic rainfall generation that can
reproduce various statistical characteristics of observed rainfall at hourly
to yearly timescales is presented. The model uses a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to generate monthly
rainfall. Then, it downscales the generated monthly rainfall to the hourly
aggregation level using the Modified Bartlett–Lewis Rectangular Pulse (MBLRP)
model, a type of Poisson cluster rainfall model. Here, the MBLRP model is
carefully calibrated such that it can reproduce the sub-daily statistical
properties of observed rainfall. This was achieved by first generating a set
of fine-scale rainfall statistics reflecting the complex correlation
structure between rainfall mean, variance, auto-covariance, and proportion of
dry periods, and then coupling it to the generated monthly rainfall, which
were used as the basis of the MBLRP parameterization. The approach was tested
on 34 gauges located in the Midwest to the east coast of the continental
United States with a variety of rainfall characteristics. The results of the
test suggest that our hybrid model accurately reproduces the first- to
the third-order statistics as well as the intermittency properties from the
hourly to the annual timescales, and the statistical behaviour of monthly
maxima and extreme values of the observed rainfall were reproduced well.
Probabilistic modelling of the dependence between rainfed crops and
drought hazard
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia F. S. , Russo Ana , Gouveia Célia M. , Páscoa Patrícia , Pires Carlos A. L.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Extreme weather events, such as droughts, have been increasingly affecting the agricultural sector causing several socio-economic consequences. The growing economy requires improved assessments of drought-related impacts in agriculture, particularly under a climate that is getting drier and warmer. This work proposes a probabilistic model which intends to contribute to the agricultural drought risk management in rainfed cropping systems. Our methodology is based on a bivariate copula-approach using Elliptical and Archimedean copulas, which application is quite recent in agrometeorological studies. In this work we use copulas to model joint probability distributions describing the amount of dependence between drought conditions and crop anomalies. Afterwards, we use the established copula models to simulate pairs of yield anomalies and drought hazard, preserving their dependence structure, to further estimate the probability of crop-loss. In the first step, we analyse the probability of crop-loss without distinguishing the class of drought, and in a second step we compare the probability of crop-loss under drought and non-drought conditions. The results indicate that, in general, Archimedean copulas provide the best statistical fits of the joint probability distributions, suggesting a dependence among extreme values of rainfed cereal yield anomalies and drought indicators. Moreover, the estimated conditional probabilities suggest that the likelihood of crop-loss under dry conditions is higher than under non-drought conditions. From an operational point of view, the results aim to contribute to the decision-making process in agricultural practices.
Using a composite flow law to model deformation in the NEEM deep
ice core, Greenland: Part 1 the role of grain size and grain size
distribution on the deformation of Holocene and glacial ice
Authors: Kuiper Ernst-Jan N. , Weikusat Ilka , de Bresser Johannes H. P. , Jansen Daniela , Pennock Gill M. , Drury Martyn R.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The effect of grain size on strain rate of ice in the upper 2207 m in the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) deep ice core was investigated using a rheological model based on the composite flow law of Goldsby and Kohlstedt (1997, 2001). The grain size was described by both a mean grain size and a grain size distribution, which allowed the strain rate to be calculated using two different model end members: (i) the micro-scale constant stress model where each grain deforms by the same stress and (ii) the micro-scale constant strain rate model where each grain deforms by the same strain rate. The model results show that basal slip accommodated by grain boundary sliding produces almost all of the deformation in the upper 2207 m of the NEEM ice core, while dislocation creep (basal slip accommodated by non-basal slip) hardly contributes to deformation. The difference in calculated strain rate between the two model end members is relatively small. The calculated strain rate in the fine grained glacial ice (1419–2207 m) varies strongly with depth and is about 4–5 times higher than in the coarser grained Holocene ice (0–1419 m). Two peaks in strain rate are predicted at about 1980 and 2100 m of depth. The results from the rheological model and microstructures in the glacial ice indicate that fine grained layers in the glacial ice will act as internal preferential sliding zones in the Greenland ice sheet.
Serret-Frenet formulas for octonionic curves
Authors: Bektaş Özcan , Yüce Salim
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we dene spatial octonionic curves (SOC) in R7 and octonionic curves (OC) in R8 by using octonions. Firstly, we determine Serret-Frenet equations, and curvatures of the SROC in R7. Then, Serret-Frenet equations for the OC in R8 are calculated with the help of Serret-Frenet equations of SOC in R7.
Approximation of Jensen type reciprocal functional equation using fixed point technique
Authors: Senthil Kumar Beri Venkatachalapathy , Bodaghi Abasalt
Published: February 2019

In this study, we propose a new rational functional equationJr((x+y)/2)=2Jr(x)Jr(y)/[Jr(x)+Jr(y)]and obtain its solution. We also investigate its various stabilities by a fixed point method
Some novel Newton-type methods for solving nonlinear equations
Authors: Bisheh-Niasar Morteza , Saadatmandi Abbas
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to present a new nonstandard Newton iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. The convergence of the proposed method is proved and it is shown that the new method has cubic convergence. Furthermore, two new multi-point methods with sixth-order convergence, based on the introduced method, are presented. Also, we describe the basins of attraction for these methods. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the performance of our methods by comparing with some other methods available in the literature
Spectral Mapping Theorem for C0-Semigroups of Drazin spectrum
Authors: Tajmouati Abdelaziz , Boua Hamid
Published: February 2019

Let $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$ be a $C_0$ semigroup of bounded linear operators on a Banach space $X$ and denote its generator by $A$. A fundamental problem to decide whether the Drazin spectrum of each operator $T(t)$ can be obtained from the Drazin spectrum of $A$. In particular, one hopes that the Drazin Spectral Mapping Theorem holds, i.e., $e^{t \sigma_{D}(A)}=\sigma_{D}(T(t))\backslash \{0\}$ for all $t \geq 0$.
Elliptic curves over the ring R
Authors: Boulbot A. , Chillali Abdelhakim , Mouhib A.
Published: February 2019

Let Fq be a ﬁnite ﬁeld of q elements, where q is a power of a prime number p greater than or equal to 5. In this paper, we study the elliptic curve denoted Ea,b(Fq[e]) over the ring Fq[e], where e2 = e and (a,b) ∈ (Fq[e])2. In a ﬁrst time, we study the arithmetic of this ring. In addition, using the Weierstrass equation, we deﬁne the elliptic curve Ea,b(Fq[e]) and we will show that Eπ0(a),π0(b)(Fq) and Eπ1(a),π1(b)(Fq) are two elliptic curves over the ﬁeld Fq, where π0 and π1 are respectively the canonical projection and the sum projection of coordinates of X ∈Fq[e]. Precisely, we give a bijection between the sets Ea,b(Fq[e]) and Eπ0(a),π0(b)(Fq)×Eπ1(a),π1(b)(Fq).
A Homeless Architect: Nietzschean Philosophy of the Earth in The Great God Brown
Authors: Omori Yuji
Published: February 2019

In Eugene O'Neill's The Great God Brown, Dion Anthony, named after Dionysus and St. Anthony, is described as a personality split between the Dionysian spirit and ascetic, Platonic Christianity, whereas William A. Brown, whose middle initial stands for Apollo, represents modern materialistic culture as a successful businessman. Nietzsche's influence on the play, obvious in the characters' names and personalities, is in fact more significant than has previously been pointed out. Nietzsche's anti-Platonic, Dionysian philosophy of the earth spurs the playwright's search for what he once mentioned as “God in this life” (not in the afterlife) in presenting the idea of the feminine earth conceived under the philosopher's strong influence, attempting to depict a vison of modern humans reborn into a flowering world to overcome both Platonism and materialism.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO EM VIAS PÚBLICAS DOS BAIRROS CIDADE NOVA E CENTRO NA CIDADE DE RIO GRANDE/RS
Authors: Damo Andreisa , Hefler Sonia Marisa , Jacobi Ubiratã Soares
Published: February 2019

A arborização urbana relaciona-se diretamente à qualidade ambiental das cidades, proporcionando benefícios ecológicos e sociais. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da arborização em ruas dos bairros Cidade Nova e Centro no município de Rio Grande. As informações coletadas em campo buscaram identificar as espécies existentes, analisar a relação das árvores com instalações urbanas e suas condições fitossanitárias. Foram amostradas 1055 árvores, distribuídas em 52 espécies, sendo 69% exóticas e 31% nativas. Observou-se a dominância das espécies exóticas. O estado fitossanitário foi considerado bom, pois as árvores apresentaram valor menor que 30% para os critérios de fitossanidade avaliados, entretanto a presença de ramos epicórmicos foi observada em 65,6% dos indivíduos. A interferência com a fiação aérea foi verificada em 52,3% das árvores e com a calçada em 43,6%, resultados que alertam para a necessidade de um planejamento adequado da escolha das espécies e sua relação com o espaço urbano e a infraestrutura existente.
LEVANTAMENTO DAS ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS DAS PRAÇAS DE SÃO JOÃO DOS PATOS - MA
Authors: Barbosa Leana Alves , Lopes Clarissa Gomes Reis , Lopes Wilza Gomes Reis
Published: February 2019

O conhecimento sobre as espécies vegetais introduzidas nos espaços urbanos públicos é importante para o planejamento do cenário paisagístico. Diante disso o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um censo das espécies vegetais utilizadas nas praças da cidade de São João dos Patos, Maranhão. Nas 14 praças identificadas foram realizadas visitas para coletar amostras dos vegetais presentes, para posterior quantificação e classificação quanto à espécie, origem e hábito de crescimento. Foram registrados 290 indivíduos pertencentes a 37 espécies. A família com maior riqueza de espécies foi Fabaceae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Heliconia psittacorum L.f. (17,2%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (11,7%), Ficus benjamina L. (11,0%), Mangifera indica L. (5,9%) e uma espécie de Arecaceae (5,5%), que no total representam 50,3% do total de indivíduos amostrados neste estudo, o que demonstra uma baixa diversidade espécies nas praças de São João dos Patos. Observou-se uma maior quantidade de espécies arbóreas, seguido pelas herbáceas e por último as arbustivas. Apesar da maioria dos indivíduos serem de hábito arbóreo, a quantidade de indivíduos é pequena, o que não é apropriado para uma região de clima quente.
ANÁLISE DA TEMPERATURA INTERNA E SUPERFICIAL EM DIFERENTES SOMBREAMENTOS ARBÓREOS
Authors: Ribeiro Karyn Ferreira Antunes , Valin Jr. Marcos De Oliveira , Santos Flávia Maria de Moura , Nogueira Marta Cristina De Jesus Albuquerque , Nogueira José De Souza , De Musis Carlo Ralph
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a diferença de temperatura de materiais utilizados em superfícies urbanas, expostos ao sombreamento de duas espécies Mangifera indica L. (mangueira) e Licania tomentosa B. (oiti), tendo como referencial esses mesmos materiais sem nenhum sombreamento, e determinar qual espécie é a mais adequada para arborização da capital Mato-grossense. Foram realizadas medidas de temperaturas internas e superficiais nos seguintes materiais: solo natural, concreto e asfalto. Os resultados indicaram que a espécie arbórea que obteve melhor desempenho térmico nos diferentes materiais foi Mangifera indica. O material que apresentou menores temperaturas nos diferentes sombreamentos foi o solo. A maior variação térmica interna apresentada foi no material asfalto entre os ambientes Mangifera indica e sem sombreamento, às 12:00 horas, com 16,4 °C. Portanto, cabe ressaltar a importância da arborização e da utilização de materiais permeáveis nas cidades para proporcionar melhor conforto térmico aos usuários.
INDICADORES DE DIVERSIDADE PARA A ARBORIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA DO BAIRRO CENTRO NORTE DA CIDADE DE DOIS VIZINHOS – PARANÁ
Authors: Biz Suzamara , Pastório Aline Paula , Brun Flávia Gizele König , Brun Eleandro José , Watzlawich Luciano Farinha
Published: February 2019

O trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da cobertura arbóreo para conhecer a distribuição e a diversidade, avaliar o Índice de Cobertura Arbórea (ICA) e o índice de Cobertura Vegetal (ICV) para definição da quantidade de espécies e indivíduos visando a adequação da arborização viária do Bairro Centro Norte da Cidade de Dois Vizinhos - PR. O levantamento da arborização urbana foi do tipo censo quali-quantitativo. Os dados foram tabulados no Microsoft Office Excel®, sendo realizadas análises dos dados qualitativos e quantitativos, calculados os Índices de Cobertura Arbórea, Índice de Cobertura Vegetal e Índice de Diversidade de Odum. O censo aportou a presença de 1.206 árvores de 63 espécies e 28 famílias, número que demonstra um déficit de arborização, pois o bairro comportaria 1.371 árvores distribuídas adequadamente ao longo das vias. O Bairro Centro Norte apresentou Índice de Cobertura Vegetal de 17,3 m2/habitante, e Índice de Cobertura Arbórea de 28%. O Índice de Diversidade de Odum para todo o bairro atingiu valor de 2,01, sendo considerado abaixo do adequado. Após os cálculos para a indicação de uma arborização adequada, chegou-se ao valor de 3,34 como sendo ideal para o bairro.
LEVANTAMENTO FLORÍSTICO DAS ESPÉCIES UTILIZADAS NA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE PRAÇAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA XAVANTINA – MT
Authors: Lima Jesiane Pineli , Kreutz Carlos , Pereira Oriales Rocha
Published: February 2019

A cidade de Nova Xavantina - MT possui diversas praças compondo o seu espaço de área verde. O conhecimento do tipo de vegetação que compõe a arborização destas praças é importante para melhorar a qualidade ambiental ou direcionar ações que visem adequar o planejamento e manejo paisagístico. O trabalho teve como objetivos: i) fazer o levantamento da composição florística das praças públicas situadas no município; ii) identificar a origem dessas espécies, se nativas ou exóticas; e iii) verificar se há similaridade na composição florística entre essas praças. Este trabalho teve como área de estudo as 12 praças do município. A identificação florística ocorreu por meio de visitas às praças, com identificação in situ e consulta ao Herbário NX.  Foram encontrados 851 indivíduos, distribuídos em 86 espécies e 28 famílias. As famílias que apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies foram Fabaceae (20 espécies), Arecaceae (12) e Bignoniaceae (10). A maioria das famílias registrou de uma a três espécies apenas. Do total de espécies encontradas, 55% são nativas. A similaridade florística entre as praças do município é baixa, pois apenas três grupos apresentaram alta similaridade, evidenciando assim que uma maior diversidade de espécies está sendo utilizada na arborização das praças do município.