bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validated Sandwich ELISA for the Quantification of von Willebrand Factor in Rabbit Plasma
Authors: Smith Brendon W. , Strakova Jana , King Jennifer L. , Erdman John W. , O'Brien William D.
Published: November 2010

von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric plasma protein important for platelet plug formation. As part of its haemostatic role, it is released from endothelial cells during vascular stress or injury and is considered an excellent biomarker of endothelial function. Currently, there are no validated kits available to measure vWF in rabbits. We developed a sensitive and reproducible sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of vWF in rabbit plasma using commercially available antibodies and reagents. Purified human vWF was used as a calibrator standard with a dynamic range of 1.56–100 ng/mL. The Minimum Required Dilution for rabbit plasma was 1:100. When plasma was spiked with 3.76 or 10 ng/mL vWF, recovery was 108 ± 2% and 93 ± 2%, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay precision for 8 rabbit plasma samples were 3% and 4%, respectively. The Minimum Detectable Concentration was 254 pg/mL for purified human vWF and 1:10,700 dilution of cholesterol-fed rabbit plasma, and the Reliable Detection Limits were 457 pg/mL and 1:5940. Three freeze-thaw cycles significantly decreased vWF concentrations for purified human vWF and 2 of 3 plasma samples assayed. This ELISA provides sensitive and reproducible measurements of rabbit plasma vWF, which is an important biomarker for cardiovascular research.
Relationship between Operator Skill and In Vitro Microleakage of Different Adhesive Systems in Class V Restorations
Authors: Guéders Audrey , Geerts Sabine
Published: November 2010

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of operator skill on microleakage in class V composite restorations. Materials and Methods. A total of 16 dentists and 25 dental students were enrolled, and 123 extracted teeth were allocated according to the adhesive being tested: Scotchbond Multipurpose, Adper Scotchbond 1 XT, and AdheSE. Each operator was asked to restore one tooth from each experimental group: two class V cavities were cut on each tooth and each adhesive was used on the same tooth before and after instructions for its use. After filling cavities with composite (Z100), the teeth were thermocycled. Results. For all of the tested adhesives, the mean microleakage score was lower for the dentists than for the students. The mean scores for the three tested adhesives were statistically similar before and after instructions for use. Conclusion. Our results indicate that the skill of the operator has a significant influence on microleakage.
Transparent Alumina/Ceria Nanocomposites By Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Alvarez‐Clemares Isabel , Mata‐Osoro Gustavo , Fernández Adolfo , Lopez‐Esteban Sonia , Pecharromán Carlos , Palomares Javier , Torrecillas Ramón , Moya José Serafín
Published: November 2010

The influence of oxides (such as MgO, TiO2, CaO, etc.) on the transparency of polycrystalline alumina compacts are widely studied in the literature. In this work, a completely different approach is developed, consisting of precipitating 0.5 wt.‐% CeO2 nanoparticles (< 5 nm) on the surface of the starting alumina nanopowder (d50 approximately 170 nm) using cerium(III) acetate as precursor. It is shown that the ceria nanoparticles strongly enhance the transparency of the spark plasma sintered compacts due to: i) the ceria nanoparticles acting as powder lubricant, increasing by around 15% the initial density of the powder in the SPS die, and, ii) the CeO2 nanoparticles, having a very low solid solubility in the alumina grains, locating at grain boundaries, hindering alumina grain growth by pinning during SPS sintering at 1 430 °C, 80 MPa for 2 min. This effect is found to be effective only under SPS vacuum conditions. In order to explain the light scattering behavior in the near‐infrared and visible range, a light scattering model under the Rayleigh‐Gans‐Debye approximation for polycrystalline alumina is used. This model offers an additional and simple tool for a completed bulk evaluation of the SPS compacts microstructure.
Comparative microcomputed tomography and histological study of maxillary pneumatization in four species of new world monkeys: The perinatal period
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Rossie James B. , Cooper Gregory M. , Schmieg Robin M. , Bonar Christopher J. , Mooney Mark P. , Siegel Michael I.
Published: November 2010

In anthropoid primates, it has been hypothesized that the magnitude of maxillary sinus growth is influenced by adjacent dental and soft tissue matrices. Relatively, little comparative evidence exists for the perinatal period when secondary pneumatization is at its earliest stages in some primates. Here, dental and midfacial variables were studied in a perinatal sample of four anthropoid primates, including three callitrichines (Leontopithecus, Saguinus, and Callithrix) and Saimiri boliviensis. In the latter species, the maxillary recess (the ontogenetic precursor to a “true” maxillary sinus) does not undergo secondary pneumatization. Using histological methods and micro‐computed tomography, midfacial and dental dimensions and radiographic hydroxyapatite density of tooth cusps were measured. The distribution of osteoclasts and osteoblasts was also documented. Kruskal–Wallis's one‐way analysis of variance tests indicates significant (P < 0.05) differences among groups for dental and midfacial measurements. In particular, the posterior maxillary dentition is relatively larger and more mineralized in Saimiri compared to the callitrichines. At posterior dental levels, Saimiri has the lowest palatonasal index [interdental (palatal) width/width of the nasal cavity] and highest bizygomatic–interorbital index. Distribution of osteoclasts indicates that the inferomedial surfaces of the orbits are resorptive in perinatal Saimiri, whereas, in all callitrichines, these surfaces are depository. Taken together, these findings suggest that pneumatization in Saimiri is suppressed by an inward growth trajectory of the orbits, relatively large posterior dentition, and a correspondingly compressed nasal region. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paleoamerican morphology in the context of European and East Asian late Pleistocene variation: Implications for human dispersion into the new world
Authors: Hubbe Mark , Harvati Katerina , Neves Walter
Published: November 2010

Early American crania show a different morphological pattern from the one shared by late Native Americans. Although the origin of the diachronic morphological diversity seen on the continents is still debated, the distinct morphology of early Americans is well documented and widely dispersed. This morphology has been described extensively for South America, where larger samples are available. Here we test the hypotheses that the morphology of Early Americans results from retention of the morphological pattern of Late Pleistocene modern humans and that the occupation of the New World precedes the morphological differentiation that gave rise to recent Eurasian and American morphology. We compare Early American samples with European Upper Paleolithic skulls, the East Asian Zhoukoudian Upper Cave specimens and a series of 20 modern human reference crania. Canonical Analysis and Minimum Spanning Tree were used to assess the morphological affinities among the series, while Mantel and Dow‐Cheverud tests based on Mahalanobis Squared Distances were used to test different evolutionary scenarios. Our results show strong morphological affinities among the early series irrespective of geographical origin, which together with the matrix analyses results favor the scenario of a late morphological differentiation of modern humans. We conclude that the geographic differentiation of modern human morphology is a late phenomenon that occurred after the initial settlement of the Americas. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions between epoxidized natural rubber and palm oil‐based alkyds at ambient temperature
Authors: Lee Siang Yin , Gan Seng Neon , Hassan Aziz , Terakawa Katsumi , Hattori Takayuki , Ichikawa Naoya , Choong Dick Hong
Published: November 2010

The reactions between epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and a low‐molecular weight palm oil‐based alkyd (A1) have been investigated. Experimental results (FTIR and toluene swelling tests) showed that the alkyd having both hydroxyl and carboxylic groups could react with the epoxide groups of ENR at ambient temperature to cause crosslinking. To establish the predominant reaction, alkyd A1 was chemically modified to vary the amount of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. A1 was treated with maleic anhydride under two different temperatures of 130 and 185°C. At 130°C, the anhydride has reacted partially with the hydroxyl groups to produce alkyd A2 with higher carboxylic content and lower hydroxyl content. On the other hand, at 185°C, the anhydride has reacted completely to produce alkyd A3 with similar carboxylic acid content as A1 but lower hydroxyl content. Subsequent reactions of A2 and A3 with ENR under similar conditions have demonstrated that the predominant reaction with epoxide groups was due to the carboxylic groups from the fact that A2 could form higher amount of crosslinkages than A3, which has lower carboxylic content similar to A1. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Ethylene/1‐octadecene copolymerization using [η5:η1‐C5Me4‐4‐R1‐6‐R‐C6H2O]TiCl2 catalysts
Authors: Li Jincai , Li Hongchun , Zhang Yuetao , Mu Ying
Published: November 2010

Copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐octadecene was studied using [η5:η1‐C5Me4‐4‐R1‐6‐R‐C6H2O]TiCl2 [R1 = tBu (1), H (2, 3, 4); R = tBu (1, 2), Me (3), Ph (4)] as catalysts in the presence of Al(i‐Bu)3 and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. The effect of the concentration of comonomer in the feed and Al/Ti molar ratio on the catalytic activity and molecular weight of the resultant copolymer were investigated. The substituents on the phenyl ring of the ligand affect considerably both the catalytic activity and comonomer incorporation. The 1/Al(i‐Bu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] catalyst system exhibits the highest catalytic activity and produces copolymers with the highest molecular weight, while the 2/Al(i‐Bu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] catalyst system gives copolymers with the highest comonomer incorporation under similar conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A simulation‐powered approach to ventilation, lighting and shading systems control
Authors: Schuss Matthias , Pröglhöf Claus , Orehounig Kristina , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: November 2010

This paper reports on ongoing work toward implementing a predictive control approach for buildings systems for ventilation, lighting, and shading. The main objective of this method is the optimized control of multiple devices toward usage of passive cooling and natural lighting. In this way, control options (various opening positions of windows, shades, etc.) are generated and computationally assessed using a combination of option space navigation via genetic algorithms and numeric simulation.

Simulationsgestütztes Konzept zur Regelung und Steuerung von Lüftungs‐, Beleuchtungs‐ und Verschattungseinrichtungen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird über laufende Arbeiten zur Entwicklung eines prädiktiven Konzepts zur Regelung und Steuerung von Lüftungs‐, Beleuchtungs‐ und Verschattungssystemen in Gebäuden berichtet. Dabei geht es im Wesentlichen um die Optimierung der Regelung und Steuerung von Einrichtungen zur verstärkten Nutzung von passiver Kühlung und natürlicher Beleuchtung. Auf diese Weise werden Optionen zur Regelung und Steuerung (z. B. unterschiedliche Öffnungspositionen für Fenster und Sonnenschutz, usw.) erzeugt und digital beurteilt, wobei eine Kombination aus Optionsraum‐Navigation (anhand genetischer Algorithmen) und numerischer Simulation zur Anwendung kommt.
Biochemical investigation and gene expression analysis of the immunostimulatory functions of an edible Salacia extract in rat small intestine
Authors: Oda Yuriko , Ueda Fumitaka , Kamei Asuka , Kakinuma Chihaya , Abe Keiko
Published: November 2010

Roots and bark from plants belonging to genus Salacia of the family Hippocrateaceae (Salacia reticulata, Salacia oblonga, etc.) have been used for traditional Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for the treatment of diabetes. In our study, we evaluated the gene expression profiles in the small intestinal epithelium of rats that were given a Salacia plant extract to gain insight into its effects on the small intestine. In detail, DNA microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the gene expression profiles in the rat ileal epithelium. The intestinal bacterial flora was also studied using T‐RFLP (Nagashima method) in these rats. Expressions of many immune‐related genes, especially Th1‐related genes associated with cell‐mediated immunity, were found to increase in the small intestinal epithelium and the intestinal bacterial flora became similar to those in the case with Salacia plant extract administration. Our study thus revealed that Salacia plant extract exerts bioregulatory functions by boosting intestinal immunity.
Modeling human diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Markaki Maria , Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: November 2010

Genes linked to human diseases often function in evolutionarily conserved pathways, which can be readily dissected in simple model organisms. Because of its short lifespan and well‐known biology, coupled with a completely sequenced genome that shares extensive homology with that of mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most versatile and powerful model organisms. Research in C. elegans has been instrumental for the elucidation of molecular pathways implicated in many human diseases. In this review, we introduce C. elegans as a model organism for biomedical research and we survey recent relevant findings that shed light on the basic molecular determinants of human disease pathophysiology. The nematode holds promise of providing clear leads towards the identification of potential targets for the development of new therapeutic interventions against human diseases.
Inextensible elastic rods with torsional friction based on Lagrange multipliers
Authors: Spillmann Jonas , Harders Matthias
Published: November 2010

Elastic rods are thin flexible objects typically undergoing large non‐linear deformations that cannot be modeled with linear methods. They are used in a number of research fields, e.g., to represent hair or ropes in animations, or catheters or needles in medical simulations. In this paper, we propose a deformation model for inextensible elastic rods. The method of Lagrange multipliers is employed to enforce the inextensibility of the rod, and to couple the material frames with the centerline. The resulting system is banded, allowing for an efficient linear time solution. We also propose a manifold projection method to incorporate the non‐penetration constraints resulting from contact handling into our constrained Lagrangian mechanics (CLM) problem. We further augment the contact model by treating torsional friction. This allows to reproduce friction effects such as dynamic rolling and twisting of rods. Various examples underline the benefits and applicability of our model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐Plasma Catalysis for Methane Partial Oxidation to Methanol: Role of the Copper‐Promoted Iron Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Chen L. , Zhang X. , Huang L. , Lei L.
Published: November 2010

Methane‐air partial oxidation to methanol over a ceramic‐supported Fe2O3‐CuO catalyst was investigated in a post‐plasma catalytic reactor at ambient conditions. The multicomponent catalyst exerted a better catalytic performance than the monocomponent Fe2O3 catalyst. Characterization of the catalysts by XPS showed that incorporation of the CuO additive to a Fe2O3‐based catalyst resulted in an increase of lattice oxygen in the surface of the catalyst which facilitated selective methane oxidation. Hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction revealed that addition of the CuO promoter could improve the reduction performance of the catalyst. Moreover, this catalyst showed excellent stability and resistance against carbon deposition in the extended reactions while maintaining catalytic activity. A post‐plasma catalytic mechanism is proposed with three main pathways to methanol synthesis.
Preparation of Polyglycidylmethacrylate Macropore Beads and Application in Candidaspecies 99–125 Lipase Immobilization
Authors: Zhao R. , Lu J. , Tan T.
Published: November 2010

Polyglycidylmethacrylate beads with macroporous structure were synthesized by suspension polymerization and directly used for Candida species 99–125 lipase immobilization because of their rich surface epoxy groups. The properties of the synthesized polymer beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FT‐IR spectroscopy. To increase the enzyme activity, divinyl benzene and toluene/heptane were used as cross‐linker and porogen, respectively, and the effects of cross‐linker content and porogen content on lipase immobilization were studied. After optimizing the synthesis conditions, the optimum lipase concentration for immobilization was determined as 10 mg mL–1. The immobilized lipase showed a broader pH stability and higher temperature stability. The immobilized enzyme could be reused for ten batches with 62 % of residual activity.
Synthesis of Ferrite Nanocrystals Stabilized by Ionic‐Liquid Molecules through a Thermal Decomposition Route
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Dapeng , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: November 2010

A series of MxFe3−xO4 (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; 0≤x≤1) ferrite nanocrystals stabilized by ionic‐liquid molecules have been successfully synthesized through a thermal decomposition route. Instead of the widely used long‐chain lipid surfactants and high‐boiling solvents, the ionic‐liquid molecules not only played the role of surfactants, but also served as reaction and dispersion media simultaneously in the preparation of ferrite nanocrystals. Due to their good fluidity under magnetic fields and high ionic conductivity, the ionic‐liquid molecules and MxFe3−xO4 ferrite nanocrystal‐based conducting ferrofluids were successfully used as electrolytes in an AC circuit. The open or closed state of the circuit was directly controlled by moving a permanent magnet so as to tune the position of the ferrofluids, and consequently, resulted in the “off” or “on” state of the four indicative yellow‐light‐emitting diodes. These results demonstrate that the conducting ferrofluids successfully play the role of “magnetic switch”.
Aromatic/Proaromatic Donors in 2‐Dicyanomethylenethiazole Merocyanines: From Neutral to Strongly Zwitterionic Nonlinear Optical Chromophores
Authors: Andreu Raquel , Galán Elena , Orduna Jesús , Villacampa Belén , Alicante Raquel , Navarrete Juan T. López , Casado Juan , Garín Javier
Published: November 2010

Push–pull compounds, in which a proaromatic electron donor is conjugated to a 2‐dicyanomethylenethiazole acceptor, have been prepared, and their properties compared to those of model compounds featuring an aromatic donor. A combined experimental (X‐ray diffraction, 1H NMR, IR, Raman, UV/Vis, nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements) and theoretical study reveals that structural and solvent effects determine the ground‐state polarisation of these merocyanines: whereas 4H‐pyran‐4‐ylidene‐ and 4‐pyridylidene‐containing compounds are zwitterionic and 1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene derivatives are close to the cyanine limit, anilino‐derived merocyanines are essentially neutral. This very large range of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) gives rise to efficient second‐order NLO chromophores with μβ values ranging from strongly negative to strongly positive. In particular, pyranylidene derivatives are unusual in that they show an increase in the degree of ICT on lengthening the π‐spacer, a feature that lies behind the very large negative μβ values they display. The linking of the formally quinoidal 2‐dicyanomethylenethiazole moiety to proaromatic donors seems a promising approach towards the optimisation of zwitterionic NLO chromophores.
Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,4‐Dioxanes, Morpholines, and Piperazines from the Reaction of Chiral 1,2‐Diols, Amino Alcohols, and Diamines with Vinyl Selenones
Authors: Bagnoli Luana , Scarponi Catalina , Rossi Maria Giovanna , Testaferri Lorenzo , Tiecco Marcello
Published: November 2010

The reactions of readily available vinyl selenones with enantiopure 1,2‐diols, N‐protected‐1,2‐aminoalcohols, and diamines gave substituted enantiopure 1,4‐dioxanes, morpholines, and piperazines, respectively, in good to excellent yields. The same procedure was extended to the synthesis of thiomorpholine, benzodiazepine, and benzoxazepine. The reactions proceeded in one pot, in the presence of base, through a simple and novel application of the Michael‐initiated, ring‐closure (MIRC) reactions. The formed heterocycles constitute a framework that is observed in a large number of pharmaceutical compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Study of the Crystalline Phosphates of Kosnarite Type Structure Containing Different Alkali Metals.
Authors: Asabina E. A. , Pet'kov V. I. , Rusakov D. A. , Lazoryak B. I. , Kurazhkovskaya V. S.
Published: November 2010

The incorporation of different alkali metals into crystalline phosphates M11‐xM2xHf2 (PO4)3 (M1, M2: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) by solid state reactions at 900—1100 °C is studied and the formation regions of kosnarite solid solutions are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Cs2O/Ru/Pr6O11 as a Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition.
Authors: Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Honda Kyoko , Ibuki Megumi , Sato Katsutoshi , Takita Yusaku
Published: November 2010

The new catalyst Cs2O/5 wt.% Ru/Pr6O11, in which Pr6O11 is the support and Cs2O the promoter almost completely decomposes NH3 at 673 K and exhibits an NH3 conversion of 14% even at temperatures as low as 523 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Eu2+ (Eu3+), Dy3+‐Doped Sr3Al2O6 Phosphors by Hydrothermal Treatment and Postannealing Approach.
Authors: Chen Xiang Ying , Bao Shi Ping , Wu Yu Cheng
Published: November 2010

The title phosphors are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions of Sr(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, CO(NH2)2, Eu(NO3)3, and Dy(NO3)3 (autoclave, 120 °C, 12 h) followed by annealing at 1200 °C for 3 h in a reducing H2/Ar atmosphere (Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+,Dy3+) or in air (Sr3Al2O6:Eu3+,Dy3+).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Lanthanum Carbonate Nanoparticles via Sonochemical Method for Preparation of Lanthanum Hydroxide and Lanthanum Oxide Nanoparticles.
Authors: Salavati‐Niasari Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Ghader , Davar Fatemeh
Published: November 2010

La2(CO3)3·1.7H2O nanoparticles are prepared by sonication of aqueous solutions of Na2CO3 and La(OAc)3.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures and Magnetic Properties of pseudo‐Hollandite Chromium Sulfides.
Authors: Yamazaki Satoshi , Ueda Yutaka
Published: November 2010

The compounds MICr5S8 (MI: K, Rb, Cs) and MII0.5Cr5S8 (MII: Sr, Ba) are synthesized by solid state reactions of the elements (silica tubes, Ar, 1027 K, 6 d) and characterized by powder XRD, powder neutron diffraction, TEM, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: {Mo96La8} Eggshell Ring and Self‐Assembly to {Mo132} Keplerate Through Mo‐Blue Intermediate, Involved in UV‐Photolysis of [Mo7O24]6‐/Carboxylic Acid System at pH 4.
Authors: Yamase Toshihiro , Kumagai Shun , Prokop Petra V. , Ishikawa Eri , Tomsa Adrian‐Raul
Published: November 2010

The prolonged UV‐photolysis of aqueous solutions containing (I) and EtCOOH generates a Mo‐blue intermediate which can be isolated and transformed to (IV) (yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of Three New Metal Selenites Na2Co2(SeO3)3, Na2Co1.67Ni0.33 (SeO3)3, and Na2Ni2(SeO3)3.
Authors: Yuan Xiao‐Qing , Feng Mei‐Ling , Li Jian‐Rong , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: November 2010

The new isostructural compounds (III), (V), and (VI) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Thioindate‐Thioantimonate Compounds [Ni(dien)2]2In2Sb4S11 and [Ni(dien)2] 3 (In3Sb2S9) 2·2H2O with Transition Metal Complexes.
Authors: Zhou Jian , Yin Xian‐Hong , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2010

The structures of the new title compounds (IV) (triclinic, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 2) and (V) (orthorhombic, Pbcn, Z = 4) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Copper Selenite Chloride Cu5(SeO3)4Cl2.
Authors: Zhang Dong , Berger Helmuth , Kremer Reinhard K. , Wulferding Dirk , Lemmens Peter , Johnsson Mats
Published: November 2010

The title compound is prepared by chemical vapor transport reaction of a 3:2:5 molar mixture of CuO, CuCl2, and SeO2 using HCl as transport agent (temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth and Properties of Ln2Ag1‐xGa10‐y (Ln: La, Ce), a Disordered Variant of the Ce2NiGa10‐Structure Type.
Authors: Menard Melissa C. , Xiong Yimin , Karki Amar B. , Drake Brenton L. , Adams Philip W. , Fronczek Frank R. , Young David P. , Chan Julia Y.
Published: November 2010

Single crystals of La2Ag0.7Ga9.4 and Ce2Ag0.7Ga9.1 are prepared from the elements by the self‐flux method (alumina crucible, 1150 °C, 12 h; slow cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Polar or Non‐Polar? Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of Three New Palladium(II) Iodates.
Authors: Sun Chuan‐Fu , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: November 2010

The crystal structures of the new compounds (II), (V), and (VII) with square‐planar PdO4 units are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Sterically Demanding Alcohols Using Di(2°‐alkyl)zinc Prepared by the Refined Charette′s Method.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Mizuno Tomokazu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: November 2010

A highly practical method for the enantioselective addition of secondary alkyl groups to carbonyl compounds using chiral phosphoramide ligands as catalysts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Cationic Gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: Corma Avelino , Ruiz Violeta R. , Leyva‐Perez Antonio , Sabater Maria J.
Published: November 2010

Cationic and highly acidic Au(I)—phosphine complexes (I) are selective catalysts for the intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of electron‐poor alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Dihalogenated Heterocyclic Compounds by Electrophile‐Triggered Cyclization.
Authors: Ji Ke‐Gong , Zhu Hai‐Tao , Yang Fang , Shaukat Ali , Xia Xiao‐Feng , Yang Yan‐Fang , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: November 2010

A wide range of dihalogenated dihydrofurans, dihydropyrans, and dihydropyrroles is prepared in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Cysteine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Rauhut—Currier Reaction.
Authors: Aroyan Carrie E. , Dermenci Alpay , Miller Scott J.
Published: November 2010

The ester PLC efficiently promotes the asymmetric reaction yielding cyclohexene and cyclopentene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Heterocyclically Substituted Aldimines.
Authors: Pufky‐Heinrich Daniela , Ciesielski Michael , Gharnati Loubna , Walter Olaf , Doering Manfred
Published: November 2010

The copper‐mediated cascade reactions are conducted with aldimines bearing heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Aromatic Olefins and 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Schroeder Kristin , Enthaler Stephan , Join Benoit , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2010

An improved method is presented for the Fe‐catalyzed epoxidation of olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Ester: An Efficient Biomimetic Hydrogen Source for the Reduction of Ketimines and Electron‐Withdrawing Group Conjugated Olefins.
Authors: Che Jun , Lam Yulin
Published: November 2010

The polymer‐supported Hantzsch dihydropyridine ester (PSHE) represents an efficient and chemoselective agent for the reduction of ketimines and electron‐poor olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium ONO‐Type Pincer Complex: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalysis.
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Xingwei , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: November 2010

A novel nitrone‐type ONO pincer ligand is synthesized and successfully applied in the Ru‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of acetophenones and aliphatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Stereocontrol in the Catalytic C—H Amination of Benzylic Methylene Groups.
Authors: Noerder Anike , Herrmann Pavel , Herdtweck Eberhard , Bach Thorsten
Published: November 2010

In the presence of the Rh catalyst and iodanes, the functionalized arylalkanes (I), (IV), and (VI) undergo amination with good to high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot and Three‐Component Synthesis of Spiro[chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5,3′‐indoline]‐diones and Spiro[chromeno[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐4,3′‐indoline]‐diones.
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Fereshtehnejad Fatemeh , Yasaei Zahra , Amanpour Tayebeh , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: November 2010

Novel spiro compounds containing a chromene ring fragment are synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2‐Oxo‐4‐arylbut‐3‐enoic Acids.
Authors: Zhu Lvfeng , Meng Qinghua , Fan Weizheng , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: November 2010

The Ru complex along with aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Ficini [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynamides.
Authors: Li Hongyan , Hsung Richard P. , DeKorver Kyle A. , Wei Yonggang
Published: November 2010

The reaction with α,β‐unsaturated ketones is optimized and can be catalyzed by a combination of CuCl2 and AgSbF6.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Acyl Azides from Carboxylic Acids Using 2‐Azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium Chloride.
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Tashiro Norifumi , Takamoto Yusuke , Okauchi Tatsuo
Published: November 2010

The title reaction is also used for the racemization‐free amidation of amino acid derivatives such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and General Zinc‐Alkoxide‐Catalyzed Allylations of Ketones with Allyl Pinacol Boronates.
Authors: Fandrick Keith R. , Fandrick Daniel R. , Gao Joe J. , Reeves Jonathan T. , Tan Zhulin , Li Wenjie , Song Jinhua J. , Lu Bruce , Yee Nathan K. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: November 2010

The method utilizes low catalyst loadings with very short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of γ‐Hydroxy α‐Enones by 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene‐catalyzed Stereoselective Rearrangement of Chiral α‐Sulfinyl Enones.
Authors: Miura Motofumi , Toriyama Masaharu , Kawakubo Takashi , Yasukawa Ken , Takido Toshio , Motohashi Shigeyasu
Published: November 2010

The yield of the reaction is significantly improved by work‐up with diluted aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Monodifferentiated syn‐1,2‐Diol Derivatives Through Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Cartigny Damien , Puentener Kurt , Ayad Tahar , Scalone Michelangelo , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: November 2010

The method allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of important structural motifs (II) bearing an aryl substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Iminothiolation of Alkynes: A Remarkable Effect of the CF3 Group of Iminosulfides.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Sanagawa Atsushi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: November 2010

The process affords functionalized 1‐azadienes, generally with excellent (E) or (Z) selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Diastereoselective, Nucleophile‐Catalyzed Aldol Lactonizations (NCAL) Leading to β‐Lactone Fused Carbocycles and Extensions to β‐Lactone Fused Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Morris Kay A. , Arendt Kevin M. , Oh Seong Ho , Romo Daniel
Published: November 2010

It is demonstrated, that aldol lactonization of ω‐carbonyl substituted carboxylic acids with Mukaiyama′s reagent can proceed with double diastereodifferentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Procedure for the Preparation of 2‐Bromofuran and Its Application in the Synthesis of 2‐Arylfurans.
Authors: Raheem Mohammed‐Abdul , Nagireddy Jaipal R. , Durham Robin , Tam William
Published: November 2010

A simple, straightforward, and scalable procedure for the preparation of 2‐bromofuran using NBS in DMF is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Diorganyl Dichalcogenides Promoted Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylanisoles to 3‐Chalcogen Benzo[b]furans.
Authors: Gay Rafaela M. , Manarin Flavia , Schneider Caroline C. , Barancelli Daniela A. , Costa Michael D. , Zeni Gilson
Published: November 2010

The general and environmentally friendly method affords useful synthons which are converted into various 2‐substituted derivatives such as (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Regioselective Oxidative Biaryl Coupling Leading to Head‐to‐Tail Bithiophenes: Reactivity Switching, a Concept Based on the Iodonium(III) Intermediate
Authors: Morimoto Koji , Yamaoka Nobutaka , Ogawa Chieko , Nakae Tomofumi , Fujioka Hiromichi , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: November 2010

The reaction is based on the formation of 2,3‐disubstituted thienyliodonium salt intermediates that activate the 5‐position exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(II)‐Catalyzed Amination of Aromatic C—H Bonds via Ring Opening of 2H‐Azirines: Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles.
Authors: Jana Samaresh , Clements Mack D. , Sharp Barry K. , Zheng Nan
Published: November 2010

The method tolerates a broad spectrum of functionalities and can also be used for the preparation of azaindoles such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for the Synthesis of Carbazolones by Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation of N‐Arylenaminones.
Authors: Weng Bojie , Liu Rui , Li Jing‐Hua
Published: November 2010

Condensation of arylamines with cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones provides enamines which undergo intramolecular oxidative cyclization under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Acidic Ionic Liquid [(CH2)4SO3HMIM][HSO4]: A Green Media for the Simple and Straightforward Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zakeri Masoumeh , Karimi Narges , Saeedi Mina , Oskooie Hossien A. , Tavakoli‐Hosieni Niloofar
Published: November 2010

via three‐component reaction of benzil with benzaldehydes and NH4OAc
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Cheap Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Intermittent Microwave Promotion: A Simple and Potential Industrial Application of Air as Oxidant.
Authors: Mao Zhengzhou , Wang Zhaoyang , Li Jingning , Song Xiumei , Luo Yufen
Published: November 2010

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles (19 examples) from o‐phenylenediamines and aromatic aldehydes using molecular oxygen as oxidant is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed, Mild, Effective, Ecofriendly, Microwave‐Assisted, One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Arylmethylidene‐2‐phenyloxazol‐4‐ones (Azalactones) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy M. B. Madhusudana , Pasha M. A.
Published: November 2010

The advantages of this method, compared to conventional methods, are good substrate generality, inexpensive reagents, environmentally benign catalyst and experimental simplicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted 2‐Isoxazolines: Asymmetric Hydroxylamine/Enone Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Matoba Kazutaka , Kawai Hiroyuki , Furukawa Tatsuya , Kusuda Akihiro , Tokunaga Etsuko , Nakamura Shuichi , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: November 2010

The title reaction consists of an addition/cyclization/dehydration sequence and affords the biologically important chiral 3,5‐diaryl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐isoxazolines in excellent yields with high e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐[2,4‐Diaminothiazol‐5‐oyl]benzothiazoles.
Authors: Reji T. F. Abbs Fen , Rajasekharan Kallikat N.
Published: November 2010

All synthesized compounds, which are structurally related to the marine alkaloid dendrodoine, are screened for their antibacterial activity and it is found that they are less active compared to the standard penicillin G.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilized Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyze Azide—Alkyne Click Reactions in Water.
Authors: Zhang Zhenfang , Dong Changming , Yang Cuihong , Hu Di , Long Jing , Wang Ling , Li He , Chen Yue , Kong Deling
Published: November 2010

Huisgen cycloaddition proceeds smoothly under “physiological conditions” (water, 37°C) in the presence of stabilized PVP‐coated Cu2O nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Studies of Bissydnones Based on 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenyl Methane.
Authors: Asundaria Shahrukh T. , Patel Keshav C.
Published: November 2010

Most of the new bissydnone derivatives (IX) (10 examples) possess antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinoline and Its Related Compounds: Comparison of Pd/C‐Ethylene System and Activated Carbon—O2 System.
Authors: Tanaka Takanori , Okunaga Ken‐ichi , Hayashi Masahiko
Published: November 2010

In most cases, the system B) is found to display a superior reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling/Cyclization of Benzamides with Alkynes via C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Mochida Satoshi , Umeda Nobuyoshi , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: November 2010

Oxidative coupling of primary, secondary, and tertiary benzamides (I), (IV), (VI) and (VIII) with internal alkynes (II) proceeds under Rh catalysis to give selectively the corresponding 1:1 and 1:2 coupling products (III), (V), (VII) and (IX), respectively, accompanied by C—H and/or N—H bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Benzimidazo[1,2‐a]quinolines.
Authors: Zhou Bing‐Wei , Gao Jian‐Rong , Jiang Dong , Jia Jian‐Hong , Yang Zhen‐Ping , Jin Hong‐Wei
Published: November 2010

The procedure allows the synthesis via Knoevenagel condensation and copper‐catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann‐type coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,5‐Diarylpyrazol‐3‐propanoic Acids Towards Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase‐1/2 Activity and 5‐Lipoxygenase‐Mediated LTB4 Formation.
Authors: Erguen Burcu Caliskan , Nunez Maria Teresa , Labeaga Luis , Ledo Francisco , Darlington Janice , Bain Gretchen , Cakir Bilge , Banoglu Erden
Published: November 2010

A variety of 1,5‐diarylpyrazol‐3‐propanoic acid derivatives is synthesized and evaluated as COX‐1/2 and 5‐LO‐mediated LTB4 synthesis inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalation of 2,4‐Dialkoxy‐5‐bromopyrimidine and Formylation with Dimethylformamide: Isolation of 2,6‐Dialkoxy‐5‐dimethylaminopyrimidine‐4‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Mukherjee Soumita , Ghorai Binay K.
Published: November 2010

Trapping of lithiated 2,4‐dimethoxy‐5‐bromopyrimidines (I) with DMF results in the unexpected formation of 5‐aminopyrimidine‐4‐carbaldehydes (IIIa) along with the expected aldehyde (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Concerning the Nucleophilic Displacement of a Methylsulfanyl Group on Substituted Pyrimidinones.
Authors: Kikelj Vincent , Grosjean Sylvain , Meslin Jean‐Claude , Julienne Karine , Deniaud David
Published: November 2010

The displacement with N‐, O‐, and C‐nucleophiles in the model substrate (III) can be achieved in high yields after oxidation of ‐S‐Me to the sulfone.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Radical Addition on a Heteroaromatic Nitrogen. A Convenient Access to New Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Laot Yann , Petit Laurent , Zard Samir Z.
Published: November 2010

Radicals generated on the side chain of 2‐ or 4‐N‐alkylamino‐4,6‐ or 2,6‐dichloropyrimidines can cyclize via the nitrogen or the carbon atom of the pyrimidine ring depending on its position and on whether an acetyl or a Boc group is present.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, in vitro Cytotoxicity, and a Preliminary Structure—Activity Relationship Investigation of Pyrimido[4,5‐c]quinolin‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Metwally Kamel , Khalil Ashraf , Pratsinis Harris , Kletsas Dimitris
Published: November 2010

The effect of various electron‐withdrawing halo substituents is studied using analogues such as (VIb), (VId), and (VIe), whereas the derivatives (VIa) and (VIc) enable the investigation of electron‐donating substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Formation of Ring‐Fused 1,3‐Thiazine‐2,4‐dithiones from Aromatic o‐Amino Carboxylic Acids: Observation of a Carbon Disulfide Mediated Thionation.
Authors: Ottersbach Philipp A. , Elsinghorst Paul W. , Haecker Hans‐Georg , Guetschow Michael
Published: November 2010

Treatment of anthranilic acids and the amino acid (VI) with CS2 allows mild and easy access to fused thiazine‐2,4‐dithiones.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Substituted 4H‐[1,3]Thiazolo[3,2‐a][1,3,5]triazine‐4‐thiones: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Saeed Sohail , Rashid Naghmana , Jones Peter G. , Yunas Uzma
Published: November 2010

In search of improved methods to prepare fused heterocyclic triazines by reacting isothiocyanates with nucleophiles, the in situ prepared aroyl isothiocyanates are obtained in high yields by conducting the reaction in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as phase‐transfer catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure α‐Substituted Allylboronic Esters and Their Addition to Aldehydes.
Authors: Fernandez Enrique , Pietruszka Joerg , Frey Wolfgang
Published: November 2010

The SnCl2/ PdCl2(PhCN)2‐mediated reaction of the boronic ester (I) with aldehydes proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to give products like (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Curcuphenol (Va), (.+‐.)‐Curcudiol (VI), (.+‐.)‐Curcuhydroquinone (Vb), and (.+‐.)‐Curcuquinone (VII).
Authors: Du Zhenting , Li Yong , Wang Yin , Ding Lichun , Gao Jinming
Published: November 2010

[involving the Reformatsky reaction [→(III)] and subsequent hydrogenation as the key steps].
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl Amination Reactions of 6‐Bromo‐ and 6‐Chloropurine Nucleosides.
Authors: Thomson Paul F. , Lagisetty Pallavi , Balzarini Jan , De Clercq Erik , Lakshman Mahesh K.
Published: November 2010

Amination of bromo‐ (I) and chloropurine derivatives (IV) with aromatic amines is smoothly achieved in the presence of Pd(O‐Ac)2—Xantphos catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Stilbenoids and Sesquiterpene Derivatives of the Orchids Gastrochilum calcoelaria and Dendrobium amoenum: Application of 2D NMR Spectroscopy in Structural Elucidation of Complex Natural Products.
Authors: Majumder P. L. , Bandyopadhyay Saswati
Published: November 2010

isolation and structure determination of three new bibenzyl derivatives, gastrochilin (Ib), gastrochilinin (Ia), and amoenylinin (Ic) along with 15 known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Product Class 7: Hydrazines and Hydrazinium Salts
Authors: Rademacher P.
Published: November 2010

Review: 293 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles
Authors: Moerup Steen , Frandsen Cathrine , Hansen Mikkel F.
Published: November 2010

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*RuCl(COD) in Catalysis: A Unique Role in the Addition of Diazoalkane Carbene to Alkynes
Authors: Vovard‐Le Bray Chloe , Derien Sylvie , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: November 2010

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Task Specific Ionic Liquids and Task Specific Onium Salts
Authors: Pucheault Mathieu , Vaultier Michel
Published: November 2010

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Purification and Characterization of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Clare Bronya , Sirwardana Amal , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: November 2010

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Penn Liza , Gelman Dmitri
Published: November 2010

Review: 493 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ynamides: A Modern Functional Group for the New Millennium
Authors: De Korver Kyle A. , Li Hongyan , Lohse Andrew G. , Hayashi Ryuji , Lu Zhenjie , Zhang Yu , Hsung Richard P.
Published: November 2010

Review: 217 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inter‐ and Intramolecular Reactions of Epoxides and Aziridines with π‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Krake Susann H. , Bergmeier Stephen C.
Published: November 2010

Review: 246 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rheological Properties of Peptide‐Based Hydrogels for Biomedical and Other Applications
Authors: Yan Congqi , Pochan Darrin J.
Published: November 2010

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bond Activation with Low‐Valent Nickel in Homogeneous Systems
Authors: Arevalo Alma , Garcia Juventino J.
Published: November 2010

Review: about 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxometalate‐Based Solid and Liquid Salts for Catalysis
Authors: Qiao Yunxiang , Hou Zhenshan
Published: November 2010

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Adsorptive (Non‐Ionic) Macroporous Resins and Their Uses in the Purification of Pharmacologically‐Active Natural Products from Plant Sources
Authors: Li Jing , Chase Howard A.
Published: November 2010

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Revisions of Natural Products by Computer‐Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) Systems
Authors: Elyashberg Mikhail , Williams Antony J. , Blinov Kirill
Published: November 2010

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of Thyrostatic Heteroaromatic Thioamides
Authors: Dolinkin A. O. , Chernov'yants M. S.
Published: November 2010

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligonucleotides with Sugars Other Than Ribo‐ and 2′‐Deoxyribofuranose in the Backbone: The Solution Structures Determined by NMR in the Context of the “Etiology of Nucleic Acids” Project of Albert Eschenmoser
Authors: Ebert Marc‐Olivier , Jaun Bernhard
Published: November 2010

Review: 71 refs.
Ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast‐conserving surgery and radiotherapy: A comparison with ECOG study 5194
Authors: Motwani Sabin B. , Goyal Sharad , Moran Meena S. , Chhabra Arpit , Haffty Bruce G.
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:

Recent data from Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Study 5194 (E5194) prospectively defined a low‐risk subset of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients where radiation therapy was omitted after lumpectomy alone. The purpose of the study was to determine the ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in DCIS patients who met the criteria of E5194 treated with lumpectomy and adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy (RT).

METHODS:

A total of 263 patients with DCIS were treated between 1980 and 2009 who met the enrollment criteria for E5194: 1) low to intermediate grade (LIG) with size >0.3 cm but <2.5 cm and margins >3 mm (n = 196), or 2) high grade (HG), size <1 cm and margins >3 mm (n = 67). All patients were treated with lumpectomy and whole breast RT with a boost to a median total tumor bed dose of 6400 cGy. Standard statistical analyses were performed with SAS (v. 9.2).

RESULTS:

The average follow‐up time was 6.9 years. The 5‐year and 7‐year IBTR for the LIG cohort in this study was 1.5% and 4.4% compared with 6.1% and 10.5% in E5194, respectively. The 5‐year and 7‐year IBTR for the HG cohort was 2.0% and 2.0% in this study compared with 15.3% and 18% in E5194, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy reduced the rate of local recurrence by more than 70% in patients with DCIS who met the criteria of E5194 (6.1% to 1.5% in the LIG cohort and 15.3% to 2% in the HG cohort). Additional follow‐up is necessary given that 70% of IBTRs occurred after 5 years. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.