bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Void‐Free Layered Polymeric Architectures via Capillary‐Action of Nanoporous Films
Authors: Lee Jeonyoon , Kessler Seth S. , Wardle Brian L.
Published: January 2020

Here, a nanomaterial with morphology‐controlled nanoscale capillaries is utilized to overcome manufacturing challenges in layered polymeric architectures. It is demonstrated that the capillary pressure from a nanoporous film replaces the need for applied pressure to manufacture void‐free layered polymeric architectures. Manufacturing of aerospace‐grade advanced carbon fiber composites is performed for the first time without utilizing pressure from an autoclave. Combined with a conductive curing approach, this work allows advanced composites to be manufactured without costly oven or pressure vessel infrastructure. The nanomaterial‐enabled capillary pressure is quantified as 50% greater than typical pressures used in such processing, and is anticipated to overcome the limitations imposed by the requirement of high applied pressure in many other applications such as adhesive joining of various bulk materials including metals, press forming, and closed‐mold infusion processing of layered composites and polymers.
Supramolecular Protein Assembly Retains Its Structural Integrity at Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Sarker Mridul , Lee Hwankyu , Gonçalves Rui A. , Lam Yeng Ming , Su Haibin , Lim Sierin
Published: January 2020

Adsorption of globular proteins at liquid–liquid interface results in compromised structures and functionalities to maintain a thermodynamically favorable state. However, the structural behavior of highly symmetrical supramolecular protein assemblies, adsorbed at the liquid–liquid interface, is not well understood. In this study, a model supramolecular protein assembly, E2 protein nanocage, a dodecahedral cage‐structured protein, is studied upon adsorption at the oil–water interface by both theoretical and experimental analyses. Molecular dynamics simulations and force estimation reveal that noncovalent interactions between E2 subunits dominate over the tangential force experienced by E2 at the interface allowing it to retain its structural integrity. Experimental analyses confirm the adsorption of E2 on the liquid–liquid interface with negligible penetration depth. Molecular structural analyses further suggest the structural integrity of the caged structure of E2 at the oil–water interface with minimal change in the tertiary and secondary structures. In conclusion, this study brings new insights into the behavior of highly symmetrical supramolecular protein assemblies at liquid–liquid interface which is important in preserving their functionalities.
Self‐Supplying Liquidity Oil‐Adsorbed Slippery Smooth Surface for Both Liquid and Solid Repellency
Authors: Manabe Kengo , Nakano Miki , Hibi Yuko , Miyake Koji
Published: January 2020

Inspired by pitcher‐plants, slippery liquid‐infused surfaces (LISs) comprised of a textured/smooth base‐layer and a liquid‐layer are an exciting emerging class of super‐repellent surfaces. Herein, a smooth LIS with a flat base‐layer is developed as a multifunctional tribosurface, which is termed a friction‐reducing liquidity oil‐adsorbed tribo‐surface (FLOAT). The FLOAT is constructed via a novel self‐supplying lubricant strategy from liquid‐adsorbed smooth surfaces based on π–COOH interactions at the interface between the solid base‐layer and the infused‐liquid‐layer, resulting in a drastic friction reduction. The FLOAT demonstrates a friction coefficient of 0.05 for loads less than the strength of the coating; for loads greater than or equal to the strength of the coating, a friction coefficient of 0.08 is achieved by holding the liquid‐layer between the FLOATs base‐layer and the friction object using a self‐supplying liquid‐layer based on the interactions of the phenyl groups at the selectively collapsing concaves of the coating. Furthermore, the FLOAT easily sheds off both viscous and viscoelastic materials, shows high transparency, and can be easily fabricated using a controllable patterning surface. The FLOAT demonstrated herein shows potential as a next‐generation tribosurface and provides new insights for the design of multifunctional liquid surfaces for various practical applications.
In Situ Integration of SERS Sensors for On‐Chip Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Han Bing , Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Zhu Lin , Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Ding Hong , Zhang Yong‐Lai
Published: January 2020

The rapid progress of microfluidics has contributed to modern analytical methodology. However, in situ integration of chemical/biological sensors for on‐chip reaction monitoring remains a big challenge. Herein, reported is the fabrication of an integrated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor and graphene‐based catalytic chip by laser scribing of graphene oxide (GO) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite (AgNPs@GO). The surface plasmonic effect of AgNPs can promote the photoreduction of GO, inducing a high porous nanostructure. By combining the AgNPs@RGO nanocomposite patterns with polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels, a bi‐functional microfluidic chip capable of on‐chip catalysis and SERS detection is fabricated. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, on‐chip AgNPs‐catalyzed 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction has been implemented, in which the reaction process can be well monitored using the in situ SERS sensor. The integration of SERS sensors with functional microfluidic devices may hold great promise for developing advanced Lab‐on‐a‐Chip systems.
Sodium Sulfide Cathodes Superseding Hard Carbon Pre‐sodiation for the Production and Operation of Sodium–Sulfur Batteries at Room Temperature
Authors: Bloi Luise Maria , Pampel Jonas , Dörfler Susanne , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan
Published: January 2020

This study demonstrates for the first time a room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) full cell assembled based on a pristine hard carbon (HC) anode combined with a nanostructured Na2S/C cathode. The development of cells without the demanding, time‐consuming and costly pre‐sodiation of the HC anode is essential for the realization of practically relevant RT Na–S prototype batteries. New approaches for Na2S/C cathode fabrication employing carbothermal reduction of Na2SO4 at varying temperatures (660 to 1060 °C) are presented. Initial evaluation of the resulting cathodes in a dedicated cell setup reveals 36 stable cycles and a capacity of 740 mAh gS−1, which correlates to ≈85% of the maximum value known from literature on Na2S‐based cells. The Na2S/C cathode with the highest capacity utilization is implemented into a full cell concept applying a pristine HC anode. Various full cell electrolyte compositions with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive have been combined with a special charging procedure during the first cycle supporting in situ solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the HC anode to obtain increased cycling stability and cathode utilization. The best performing cell setup has delivered a total of 350 mAh gS−1, representing the first functional full cell based on a Na2S/C cathode and a pristine HC anode today.
Combining ability of biomass sorghum in different crop years and sites for bioenergy generation
Authors: da Silva Michele Jorge , Damasceno Cynthia Maria Borges , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza , Pereira Helcio Duarte , Crescêncio Souza Carneiro Pedro , Schaffert Robert Eugene , Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa
Published: January 2020

Biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is considered as a raw material of great potential for bioenergy generation. The objective of this study was to estimate the combining ability of biomass sorghum of A and R lines, carrying the bmr‐6 allele, evaluating different crop years and site effect, aiming at the bioenergetic potential for the production of second‐generation ethanol. Four male‐sterile lines (A), and 10 fertility restorative lines (R) were used, obtaining 40 hybrids bmr and sensitive to the photoperiod. From the F1 seeds, four experiments were conducted in different crop years and sites. The data were submitted to individual diallel analysis according to IV model proposed by Griffing (1956), adapted for partial diallel design by Geraldi and Miranda Filho (1988). Promising lines were identified to breeding line groups A and R, aiming to obtain new lines breeding to obtain superior hybrids. The crop year and site effects were significant for most traits. The use of partial diallel analysis is promising for the biomass sorghum breeding program and A and R lines with potential bioenergetic were identified for the production of second‐generation ethanol.
Time trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding among schoolchildren from public and private schools in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil: From 2002 to 2013
Authors: Wagner Katia Jakovljevic Pudla , de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia , Rossi Camila E. , de Almeida Alves Mariane , Leite Mauricio S. , de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos Francisco
Published: January 2020

Objective

To describe breastfeeding trends from 2002 to 2012/2013, and to investigate whether breastfeeding practices differ between mothers of children in public and private schools.

Methods

Data were obtained from three school‐based cross‐sectional studies conducted with 7 to 10 years old children. The total sample was 7264 individuals. Data related to breastfeeding were analyzed descriptively and compared using the chi‐square test for heterogeneity or trend.

Results

In the 10‐year period was observed a decrease in the total percentage of schoolchildren who were not breastfed (12.9%‐10.5%) and an increase in the percentage of schoolchildren breastfed for >12 months (23.9%‐36.7%). In public schools, the increase of breastfeeding for >12 months was independent of maternal age and years of schooling. In private schools, the increase was observed for schoolchildren born to older mothers and to more educated mothers, although the highest percentage was observed for schoolchildren born to less educated mothers.

Conclusions

The results confirm the complexity of determining breastfeeding behaviors, and understanding these dynamics is fundamental to develop and improve programs and actions aimed at encouraging, supporting, and protecting breastfeeding. However, strategies developed in Brazil during the first decade of the 21st century should explain the increase of proportion of breastfed children for more than 12 months, and the concomitant decrease of never breastfeed children in the city of Florianopolis (Southern Brazil).
Carbazole‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Promotion of Copper‐Catalyzed Palladium‐Free Homo‐/Hetero‐Coupling of Alkynes and Sonogashira Reactions
Authors: Ramsingh Girase Tejpalsingh , Bhilare Shatrughn , Sankar Murthy Bandaru Siva , Chrysochos Nicolas , Schulzke Carola , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Kapdi Anant R.
Published: January 2020

Alkynes are useful synthetic building blocks that occur in many naturally occurring molecules and have the potential to be easily modified for further natural products and drug synthesis applications. Given the‐versatility of the alkyne functionality,‐various synthetic methods (mostly palladium‐based) are known in the literature, allowing the installation to take place under different reaction conditions. A single catalytic system (without Pd) however, if developed could provide a single point solution for the installation of the alkyne moiety and keeping this in mind, we report herein a highly active palladium‐free Cu/carbazole‐based NHC catalyst system allowing homocoupling and heterocoupling of alkynes at ambient temperature. Using a combination of Cu/NHC‐catalyzed homocoupling/deprotection/heterocoupling sequence tetraynes have also been synthesized in good yields. The Cu/NHC catalyst system was also able to catalyze a palladium‐free Sonogashira reaction of synthetically useful nucleosides.
Subsistence strategy was the main factor driving population differentiation in the bidirectional corridor of the African Sahel
Authors: Nováčková Jana , Čížková Martina , Mokhtar Mohammed G. , Duda Pavel , Stenzl Vlastimil , Tříska Petr , Hofmanová Zuzana , Černý Viktor
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The Sahel belt is occupied by populations who use two types of subsistence strategy, nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming, and who belong to three linguistic families, Niger‐Congo, Nilo‐Saharan, and Afro‐Asiatic. Little is known, however, about the origins of these two populations and their mutual genetic relationships.

Materials and Methods

We have built a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA sequences and Y chromosomal STR haplotypes of pastoralists and farmers belonging to all three linguistic phyla in the western, central, and eastern parts of the Sahel. We calculated pairwise genetic, geographic, and linguistic distances between populations and analyzed the effects of geography, language, and subsistence on population genetic structure.

Results

We found that subsistence mode significantly contributed to the generally low population structure in the Sahel and that language affiliation plays a more important role for pastoralists than for farmers. We also demonstrated that geographic isolation significantly influenced the population structure of sedentary farmers but not of nomadic pastoralists. Finally, we found haplotypes shared between the Fulani and Arabic‐speaking Baggara, supporting the theory of Baggarization, which explains the recent adaptation of Arabic‐speaking nomads in the Sahel region through contact with autochthonous sub‐Saharan populations.

Conclusions

Based on various genetic and archaeological evidence pertaining to the Sahel, we suggest that the idea of a bidirectional Sahelian corridor is valid, but that pastoralists made a more important contribution to its population structure. It is also possible that agropastoralists diverged into farmers and pastoralists in the early stages of formation of the Sahelian gene pool.
Mixed Metal–Organic Framework with Multiple Binding Sites for Efficient C2H2/CO2Separation
Authors: Gao Junkuo , Qian Xuefeng , Lin Rui‐Biao , Krishna Rajamani , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Chen Banglin
Published: January 2020

The separation of C2H2/CO2is particularly challenging owing to their similarities in physical properties and molecular sizes. Reported here is a mixed metal–organic framework (M′MOF), [Fe(pyz)Ni(CN)4] (FeNi‐M′MOF, pyz=pyrazine), with multiple functional sites and compact one‐dimensional channels of about 4.0 Å for C2H2/CO2separation. This MOF shows not only a remarkable volumetric C2H2uptake of 133 cm3 cm−3, but also an excellent C2H2/CO2selectivity of 24 under ambient conditions, resulting in the second highest C2H2‐capture amount of 4.54 mol L−1, thus outperforming most previous benchmark materials. The separation performance of this material is driven by π–π stacking and multiple intermolecular interactions between C2H2molecules and the binding sites ofFeNi‐M′MOF. This material can be facilely synthesized at room temperature and is water stable, highlightingFeNi‐M′MOFas a promising material for C2H2/CO2separation.
New functionalization of graphene oxide with N2O2ligand for efficient loading of Cu nanostructures as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of β‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Rakhshanipour Mansoureh , Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi
Published: January 2020

A new and heterogeneous copper complex immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) was prepared. This was achieved through organic functionalization of GO using 1,8‐diamino‐3,6‐dioxaoctane (DADO) and then inorganic coordination of copper on the edges and basal plane of the functionalized GO (GO‐DADO‐Cu), which was reduced to Cu(0). The chemical structure of the prepared nanocatalyst was analyzed using various techniques. Most of the analyses confirmed the successful anchoring of copper and organic ligand on the GO surface. Moreover, the synthesized nanocatalyst has shown high catalytic activity in the synthesis of β‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions (water and room temperature) resulting in good to excellent yields.
Electrical properties of nitric acid and DMSO treated PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Anitha R. , Menon Sumithra S. , Bhalerao Gopalkrishna , Siddham Pradeep , Baskar K. , Singh Shubra
Published: January 2020

Organic/inorganic heterostructures are an emerging and interesting field of research for optoelectronics. In this work, an efficient organic/inorganic hybrid heterojunction between PEDOT:PSS and n‐type Silicon has been fabricated for optoelectronic applications. Samples with varying thickness of PEDOT:PSS were prepared by spin coating technique and the electrical conductivity of organic layers was modified using DMSO as additive. Post fabrication, the hybrid heterostructures were treated with HNO3 vapor so as to enhance the conductivity of the organic layer. Surface treatment with HNO3 was found to lower the roughness of the organic layer and enhance the transparency of the layer. I–V characteristics reveal optimized behavior of HNO3 treated PEDOT:PSS layer with a low Ideality factor (n~3.2) and a barrier height (ΦB) of 0.8 eV. The findings of the study provide a promising efficient method to enhance the electrical and device properties of PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si heterostructures for optoelectronic applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48952.
Longitudinal distribution of uncommon fishes in a species‐rich basin
Authors: Miranda Leandro E. , Killgore Kenneth J.
Published: January 2020

The spatial organization of fishes in a river system was investigated to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of uncommon species. It was anticipated that overall richness of the fish community would increase in a downstream direction together with habitat extent, but that more uncommon species would occur upstream owing to greater heterogeneity among sites.

Fish were collected between 1995 and 2014 at 85 sites distributed throughout the Duck River Basin, Tennessee, USA. A site usually consisted of four habitat types: riffles, runs, pools and shoreline. Each habitat type was sampled with a multipass electrofishing protocol.

In all, 136 native fish species were collected. Of these, 71% were classified as uncommon but represented only 16% of the total count of fish collected. As expected, overall species richness increased downstream, but contrary to expectation, uncommon species did too. Some uncommon species were restricted exclusively to tributaries and headwaters, some to tributaries and mainstem, many to mainstem only, but the largest fraction of uncommon species occurred throughout the basin, but even this last group increased in richness downstream.

Conservation often focuses on uncommon species. This study suggests that a greater number of uncommon species can be conserved with an emphasis on large downstream reaches, which not only include more aquatic habitat to support larger concentrations of fish, but also shelter the uncommon species that tend to require the most protection.
Comparison of actual porcine tooth crown development stages and computer image analysis
Authors: Dai Xiaohua , Lian Xiaoli , Xiao Ling , Shang Jianwei , Zhang Le , Zhang Qingzhi , Wang Yue , Zou Huiru
Published: January 2020

Tooth developmental stage evaluation is important in dental and chronological age estimation, and it is important for accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment in dental practice. It is routinely assessed by clinical observations and radiographic techniques. This study aimed at ascertaining tooth developmental stage judgments made by examiners and Mimics software according to the Nolla method with radiographs. Meanwhile, the true tooth developmental stages would be explored with histological analysis. Twenty freshly slaughtered porcine heads were collected and hemisected, and both the left and right mandibular samples were numbered. The developmental stages of the second and third permanent molars (M2 and M3) were evaluated by examiners and Mimics software analysis. The ratio of the radiopaque calcified area to the dental follicle (RCA/DF) at different stages was calculated. Both non‐decalcified and decalcified samples were processed for histologic observation. The results showed significant differences between RCA/DF ratios from different developmental stages. There was a high positive correlation between the examiners' evaluation results and Mimics analysis results. Radiograph judgments and histology observation results were consistent from Stages 2–6. However, radiograph images of Stage 1 samples showed only crypts present, while under a surgical operating microscope, a bell‐shaped tooth germ was observed. This was also confirmed by normal and hard tissue histology. In conclusion, radiograph judgments made by either examiners or Mimics software were both reliable. Mimics analysis can be a useful tool in evaluating tooth developmental stages. However, judgments need to be made cautiously in early developmental stages.
Association of the Polymorphism rs13259960 in SLEAR With Predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Fan Zhen , Chen Xiaowei , Liu Lu , Zhu Caihong , Xu Jinhua , Yin Xianyong , Sheng Yujun , Zhu Zhengwei , Wen Leilei , Zuo Xianbo , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Yaohua , Xu Jingkai , Huang He , Zhou Fusheng , Sun Liangdan , Luo Jianjun , Zhang Dongdong , Chen Xiaomin , Cui Ya , Hao Yajing , Cui Yong , Zhang Xuejun , Chen Runsheng
Published: January 2020

Objective

Genome‐wide association studies have identified many susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, most of these loci are located in noncoding regions of the genome. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively expressed and have been reported to be involved in various diseases. This study aimed to explore the genetic significance of lncRNAs in SLE.

Methods

A genome‐wide survey of SLE risk variants in lncRNA gene loci was performed in Han Chinese subjects (4,556 with SLE and 9,451 healthy controls). The functional relevance of an SLE risk variant in one of the lncRNA genes was explored using biochemical and molecular cell biology analyses. In vitro loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function strategies were used to clarify the functional and phenotypic relevance of this SLE susceptibility lncRNA. Moreover, correlation of this lncRNA with the degree of apoptosis in the peripheral blood of SLE patients was evaluated.

Results

A novel SLE susceptibility locus in a lncRNA gene, designated SLEAR (for SLE‐associated RNA), was identified at the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs13259960 (odds ratio 1.35, Pcombined = 1.03 × 10−11). The A>G variation at rs13259960, located in an intronic enhancer, was found to impair STAT1 recruitment to the enhancer that loops to the SLEAR promoter, resulting in decreased SLEAR production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE (3 with the G/G genotype, 22 with A/G, and 103 with A/A at rs13259960; P = 0.0241). Moreover, SLEAR interacted with the RNA binding proteins interleukin enhancer binding factor 2, heterogeneous nuclear RNP F, and TATA‐binding protein–associated factor 15, to form a complex for transcriptional activation of the downstream antiapoptotic genes. In addition, SLEAR regulated apoptosis of Jurkat cells in vitro, and its expression level was correlated with the degree of cell death in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE (r = 0.824, P = 2.15 × 10−8; n = 30).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a mechanism by which the risk variant at rs13259960 modulates SLEAR expression and confers a predisposition to SLE. Taken together, these results may give insights into the etiology of SLE.
Event‐triggered H‐infinity stabilization for singular systems with state delay
Authors: Du Zhaoping , Hu Songlin , Li Jianzhen
Published: January 2020

This paper is concerned with the problems of stability analysis, controller design, and H∞ control for singular systems with state delay and disturbance based on event‐triggered control. Firstly, the corresponding model of this system is proposed, taking into consideration issues of regular, impulse free, and stability. According to the model, the admissible condition is derived in terms of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii stability theory, and the co‐design method of the H∞ controller and event‐triggered scheme is also presented based on the above results. The presented method emphasizes the employment of event‐triggered control to a class of singular systems with time delay. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Output Feedback Fault‐Tolerant Control of Heterogeneous Multi‐Agent Systems
Authors: Yadegar Meysam , Meskin Nader
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the design of an output feedback fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme for heterogeneous multi‐agent systems subject to loss of effectiveness and time‐varying additive actuator faults as well as external disturbances. The main aim of the proposed FTC approach is to maintain the behavior of a multi‐agent system after the occurrence of faults and external disturbances similar to the desired healthy and undisturbed one. The proposed FTC scheme does not depend on the implemented mission of the multi‐agent systems and it can be easily augmented to the existing nominal controller of each agent. Simulation results corresponding to a team of AUVs demonstrate and illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed FTC scheme.
Using a Self‐Clustering Algorithm and Type‐2 Fuzzy Controller for Multi‐robot Deployment and Navigation in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Jhang Jyun‐Yu , Lee Chin‐Ling , Lin Cheng‐Jian , Young Kuu‐Young
Published: January 2020

This study proposes a novel method for multi‐robot deployment and navigation under dynamic environments. To automatically determine the location deployment of multiple robots, a grid‐based method and self‐clustering algorithm (SCA) were used to simplify the environmental information and automatically deploy robot locations. In the navigation process, a behavior selector automatically turns on towards goal mode or wall‐following mode (WFM) depending on environmental conditions. WFM control adopts an interval type‐2 fuzzy controller (IT2FC). The parameters of the IT2FC are adjusted by using the dynamic group whale optimization algorithm (DGWOA). The proposed DGWOA uses a dynamic group and Lévy flight strategy to overcome the problem of falling into a local minimum solution. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can successfully complete navigation tasks under dynamic environments.
Distributed convex optimization based on ADMM and belief propagation methods
Authors: Ma Wenlong , Zhang Huanshui , Fu Minyue
Published: January 2020

We consider a distributed convex optimization problem in which a connected network of agents collaboratively seeks to minimize the sum of their local objective functions over a common decision variable. We propose a new distributed optimization method in the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) framework, But our method combines the celebrated Belief Propagation(BP) algorithm and relaxation iteration method to achieve distributed optimization. Numerical simulation shows that our proposed algorithms have good convergence speed. We also discuss the trade‐off between the convergence rate and the required communication and computational complexities.
A hadronic transport analysis on the Δ mass in Au + Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV
Authors: Reichert Tom , Hillmann Paula , Limphirat Ayut , Herold Christoph , Bleicher Marcus
Published: January 2020

This study is motivated by upcoming data from the high acceptance di‐electron spektrometer (HADES) collaboration at gesellschaft für schwerionenforschung, which presented preliminary data on a possible mass shift of the Δ(1232) resonance in central Au + Au reactions at Elab = 1.23 AGeV. This effect is explored via the Ultra Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics transport model, allowing us to track down each decaying Δ(1232) resonance and check whether it can be reconstructed. The obtained results show that the apparent mass shift on the order of 50 MeV can be explained by a late‐stage formation effect and a long‐evolving Δ ↔ N + π cycle.
Complementary duality of the Inca's cosmovision: An astrophysics perspective
Authors: Gamarra Milton Rojas , Gullberg Steven R. , Estrázulas Mônica , Horvath Jorge , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: January 2020

In this contribution, we seek to identify conceptual elements in the Inca and pre‐Inca cultures (Andean primordial civilizations) that are consonant and exhibit convergence with science, and more specifically with astronomy and astrophysics. Moreover, this procedure may allow, as a consequence of an analysis based on some aspects of epistemology and astrophysics, a deeper discussion within a structuralist/poststructuralist point of view. Finally, in this investigation, we seek to identify epistemological contributions in these cultures that may broaden our view on the area of archaeoastronomy.
Zur Einspannwirkung von Eisenbahngleisen
Authors: Bigelow Hetty , Hoffmeister Benno , Feldmann Markus
Published: January 2020

Die Systemsteifigkeiten von Eisenbahnbrücken werden durch die über die Brückenenden hinauslaufenden Gleise positiv beeinflusst. Gemäß aktueller Normenlage lässt sich dieser Effekt im Modell durch ein separat vom Überbau modelliertes Gleis abbilden, das über nichtlineare Längsfedern mit dem Überbau bzw. dem anschließenden Dammbereich verbunden wird. Eine Systemvereinfachung mit einer linearen horizontalen Ersatzfeder, welche den Beitrag des Dammbereichs abbildet und sich für die Modellierung eines Einfeldsystems mit Balken‐ oder Plattenelementen in eine Drehfeder am gelenkigen Auflager umrechnen lässt, wurde im 1. Teil dieses Beitrags in der Bautechnik 07/2016 hergeleitet.

Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt den Einfluss und die Berücksichtigung des Durchrutschens des Gleises im Schotterbett, die durch eine nichtlineare horizontale Ersatzfeder bzw. Drehfeder am Auflager (nichtlineare Charakteristik gemäß Normung) modelliert werden.

Die Notwendigkeit der Einbeziehung der nichtlinearen Effekte wird exemplarisch für zwei reale WiB‐Brückenbauwerke in Einfeldbauweise mit Schotteroberbau diskutiert. Dazu werden numerische Überfahrtssimulationen mit äquivalenten Einmassensystemen durchgeführt.
Impact of enzymatic reduction on bivalent bispecific antibody fragmentation and loss of product purity upon reoxidation
Authors: Swope Nicole , Chung Wai Keen , Cao Mingyan , Motabar Dana , Liu Dengfeng , Ahuja Sanjeev , Handlogten Michael
Published: January 2020

Antibody disulfide bond (DSB) reduction during manufacturing processes is a widely observed phenomenon attributed to host cell reductases present in harvest cell culture fluid. Enzyme‐induced antibody reduction leads to product fragments and aggregates that increase the impurity burden on the purification process. The impact of reduction on bivalent bispecific antibodies (BisAbs), which are increasingly entering the clinic, has yet to be investigated. We focused on the reduction and reoxidation properties of a homologous library of bivalent BisAb formats that possess additional single‐chain Fv (scFv) fragments with engineered DSBs. Despite all BisAbs having similar susceptibilities to enzymatic reduction, fragmentation pathways were dependent on the scFv‐fusion site. Reduced molecules were allowed to reoxidize with and without low pH viral inactivation treatment. Both reoxidation studies demonstrated that multiple, complex BisAb species formed as a result of DSB mispairing. Furthermore, aggregate levels increased for all molecules when no low pH treatment was applied. Combined, our results show that complex DSB mispairing occurs during downstream processes while aggregate formation is dependent on sample treatment. These results are applicable to other novel monoclonal antibody‐like formats containing engineered DSBs, thus highlighting the need to prevent reduction of novel protein therapeutics to avoid diminished product quality during manufacturing.
Pilot‐scale open‐channel raceways and flat‐panel photobioreactors maintain well‐mixed conditions under a wide range of mixing energy inputs
Authors: Quiroz‐Arita Carlos , Blaylock Myra L. , Gharagozloo Patricia E. , Bark David , Prasad Dasi Lakshmi , Bradley Thomas H.
Published: January 2020

Turbulent mixing in pilot‐scale cultivation systems influences the productivity of photoautotrophic cultures. We studied turbulent mixing by applying particle image velocimetry and acoustic doppler velocimetry to pilot‐scale, flat‐panel photobioreactor, and open‐channel raceway. Mixing energy inputs were varied from 0.1 to 2.1 W·m−3. The experimental results were used to quantify turbulence and to validate computational fluid dynamics models, from which Lagrangian representations of the fluid motion in these reactors were derived. The results of this investigation demonstrated that differences in mixing energy input do not significantly impact the structure of turbulence and the light/dark cycling frequencies experienced by photoautotrophic cells within the reactors. The experimental and computational results of our research demonstrated that well‐mixed conditions exist in pilot‐scale, flat‐panel photobioreactors and open‐channel raceways, even for relatively low mixing energy inputs.
The role of oxytocin on self‐serving lying
Authors: Sindermann Cornelia , Luo Ruixue , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M. , Montag Christian
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The effects of intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin on social cognition and behavior are highly specific. Potentially situational and personal variables influence these effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of oxytocin administration on self‐serving lying, including situational effects.

Methods

A total of 161 adult males participated in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled between‐subject intranasal oxytocin administration (24 international units) study. Self‐serving lying was assessed using three subsequent rounds of the die‐in‐a‐cup paradigm, in which different degrees of lying can be implemented by the participants that can be determined on group level.

Results

Oxytocin administration seemed to promote self‐serving lying, particularly in the third (last) round and only to a certain degree (not to the maximum possible).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that oxytocin administration can promote self‐serving lying when given repeated opportunities to lie. Moreover, exploratory results presented in the Supplementary Material indicate that the sensitivity to the effects of intranasal oxytocin in this domain might be moderated by individual differences in the oxytocin receptor gene.
Effective temperature shift strategy development and scale confirmation for simultaneous optimization of protein productivity and quality in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: McHugh Kyle P. , Xu Jianlin , Aron Kathryn L. , Borys Michael C. , Li Zheng Jian
Published: January 2020

Temperature shifts to lower culture temperatures are frequently employed in the manufacturing of protein therapeutics in mammalian cells to improve productivity, viability, or quality attributes. The direction and extent to which a temperature shift affects productivity and quality may vary depending on the expression host and characteristics of the expressed protein. We demonstrated here that two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones expressing different human monoclonal antibodies responded differently to a temperature shift despite sharing a common parental CHO cell line. Within a single CHO line, we observed a nonlinear response to temperature shift. A moderate shift to 35°C significantly decreased final titer relative to the unshifted control while a larger shift to 32°C significantly increased final titer by 25%. Therefore, we proposed a systematic empirical approach to assess the utility of a temperature shift for faster implementation during process development. By testing multiple shift parameters, we identified optimum shift conditions in shake flasks and successfully translated findings to benchtop bioreactors and 1,000‐L bioreactor scale. Significant differences in final antibody titer and charge variants were observed with temperature shift increments as small as Δ1.5°C. Acidic charge variants decreased monotonically with decreasing shift temperature in both cell lines; however, final antibody titer required simultaneous optimization of shift day and temperature. Overall, we were able to show that a systematic approach to identify temperature shift parameters at small scales is useful to optimize protein production and quality for efficient and confident translation to large‐scale production.
Generation of keratinocyte stem‐like cells from human fibroblasts via a direct reprogramming approach
Authors: Zhao Andong , Yang Yi , Pan Xiaohua , Pan Yu , Cai Sa
Published: January 2020

Skin repair and reconstruction are important after severe wound and trauma. Keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) in the basal layer of the epidermis can regrow the stratified epidermis but are almost depleted after skin injury. Thus, generating enough KSCs is indispensable for skin regeneration. Pluripotent stem cells such as ESC and iPSC can differentiate into KSCs, but their applications are challenged by ethical issues and risks of tumor formation. Lineage reprogramming from one cell type into another one makes it feasible to generate the desired cell type. Here, we develop a method to convert human fibroblasts into induced keratinocyte stem‐like cells (iKSC) by coupling transient expression of reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium, without the formation of iPSC. iKSC resemble normal KSC in the morphological and phenotypic features and can differentiate in vitro and regenerate stratified epidermis after transplantation in vivo. Therefore, iKSC may provide abundant cellular sources for skin repair and regeneration.
Why did I buy this? Consumers' post‐impulse‐consumption experience and its impact on the propensity for future impulse buying behaviour
Authors: Spiteri Cornish Lara
Published: January 2020

This paper advances research into impulse buying by examining how this behaviour is reinforced/curtailed, highlighting the primary role of the post‐purchase experience in encouraging future impulse buying behaviour. Extant research emphasizes the role of the purchase experience, that is, psychological benefits attained from the impulse purchase experience itself, as a reinforcer of impulse buying. Conversely, this paper uses experiments to demonstrate that it is the post‐purchase experience, not the purchase experience, that reinforces or curtails future impulse buying. Indeed, irrespective of the valence of the purchase experience, a negative post‐purchase experience (whereby a product or service is found to have limited use/does not deliver expected benefits) results in post‐purchase regret, which in turn curtails future impulse buying. In contrast, a positive post‐purchase experience reinforces impulse buying. This research also demonstrates that consumers utilize three types of coping mechanisms to mitigate post‐purchase regret, that is, planful problem solving, positive reinterpretation, or mental disengagement. However, although the use of planful problem solving curtails future impulse buying, use of the other two mechanisms results in behaviour reinforcement. These findings have several important implications for both marketers and consumers, which the authors discuss in detail.
The role of storytelling in advertising: Consumer emotion, narrative engagement level, and word‐of‐mouth intention
Authors: Kang Jin‐Ae , Hong Sookyeong , Hubbard Glenn T.
Published: January 2020

This experimental study with a national online sample (n = 300) tested the effects of storytelling in radio advertisements on participants' positive emotional responses and intentions to share information about the product, depending on audiences' narrative engagement level. Treatments included a commercial for a fictitious brand of luggage using a story told by the founder of the company, another version of the same commercial manipulated so the speaker was a customer of the company, and a control stimulus consisting only of information about the product. Results showed that narrative transportation and narrative preference are positively associated with favorable responses toward ad. Stories elicited more favorable emotional responses and had some effect on participants' intention to share information about the product by word‐of‐mouth. This was especially true among participants hearing the founder's story. Results support previous assumptions about the power of storytelling in advertising, including distinctions regarding the identity of the speaker (founder vs. customer).
Outcomes of intravascular brachytherapy for recurrent drug‐eluting in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Megaly Michael , Glogoza Matthew , Xenogiannis Iosif , Vemmou Evangelia , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Willson Laura , Monyak David J. , Sullivan Patsa , Stanberry Larissa , Sorajja Paul , Chavez Ivan , Mooney Michael , Traverse Jay , Wang Yale , Garcia Santiago , Poulose Anil , Burke Martin Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To examine the outcomes of vascular brachytherapy (VBT) for recurrent drug‐eluting stents (DES) in‐stent restenosis (ISR).

Background

Recurrent DES‐ISR can be challenging to treat. VBT has been used with encouraging results.

Methods

We report the long‐term outcomes of patients with recurrent DES‐ISR treated with VBT between January 2014 and September 2018 at a tertiary care institution. The main outcome was target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the composite of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), target lesion myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion‐related cardiac death. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to identify variables associated with recurrent TLF.

Results

During the study period, 116 patients (143 lesions) underwent VBT. Median follow‐up was 24.7 (14.5–35.4) months. The incidence of TLR, target‐lesion MI, and TLF was 18.9%, 5.6%,and 20.1% at 1 year, and 29.4%, 10.5%, and 32.9% at 2 years.Initial presentation with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was independently associated with TLF (hazard ratio = 1.975, 95% CI [1.120, 3.485], p = .019). Lesions treated with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance had a lower incidence of TLR (14.3% vs. 39.6%, log‐rank p = .038), and a trend toward lower incidence of TLF (19% vs. 42.6%, log‐rank p = .086).

Conclusions

VBT can improve the treatment of recurrent DES‐ISR, but TLF occurs in approximately one in three patients at 2 years. Initial presentation with ACS was associated with higher TLF and the use of IVUS with a trend for lower incidence of TLF.
The importance of the Heart Team evaluation before transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Results from the BRAVO‐3 trial
Authors: Camaj Anton , Claessen Bimmer E. , Mehran Roxana , Yudi Matias B. , Power David , Baber Usman , Hengstenberg Christian , Lefevre Thierry , Van Belle Eric , Giustino Gennaro , Guedeney Paul , Sorrentino Sabato , Kupatt Christian , Webb John G. , Hildick‐Smith David , Hink Hans U. , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Anthopoulos Prodromos , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna , Sartori Samantha , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Dangas George D.
Published: January 2020

Background/Objectives

Clinicians use validated scores to risk‐stratify patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, evaluation by the Heart Team often deems patients to be at higher risk than their formal scores suggest. We sought to assess clinical outcomes of TAVR patients defined as high‐risk by the Heart Team's assessment versus the patient's logistic EuroSCORE (LES).

Methods

The BRAVO‐3 trial randomized patients at high risk (LES ≥ 18, or deemed inoperable by the Heart Team) to TAVR with periprocedural anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin versus bivalirudin. Endpoints included net adverse cardiac events (NACE: the composite of all‐cause mortality, MI, stroke, or bleeding), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: death, MI, or stroke), the individual components of MACE, major vascular complications, BARC ≥ 3b bleeding and VARC life‐threatening bleeding at 30 days. We compared patients deemed high‐risk based on LES ≥ 18 versus high‐risk by the Heart Team despite lower LES.

Results

A total of 467/800 (58.4%) patients were deemed high‐risk by the Heart Team despite LES < 18. After multivariable analysis, there were no differences in the odds of endpoints between groups (NACE, ORLES≥18: 1.32, 95% CI 0.86‐2.02, p = .21; MACE, ORLES≥18: 1.27, 95% CI 0.72‐2.25, p = .41; major vascular complications, ORLES≥18: 0.97, 95% CI 0.65‐1.44, p = .88; BARC ≥3b, ORLES≥18: 1.38, 95% CI 0.82‐2.33, p = .23; and VARC life‐threatening bleeding, ORLES≥18: 0.99, 95% CI 0.69‐1.41, p = .95).

Conclusion

Patients undergoing TAVR and labeled high‐risk by LES ≥ 18 or Heart Team assessment despite LES < 18 have comparable short‐term outcomes. Assignment of high‐risk status to over 50% of patients is attributable to Heart Team's clinical assessment.
Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane: Insights from Model Systems
Authors: Wittich Knut , Krämer Michael , Bottke Nils , Schunk Stephan Andreas
Published: January 2020

Catalytic dry reforming under industrially relevant conditions of high pressures and high temperatures poses severe challenges towards catalyst materials and process engineering. The demanding conditions under which the reaction is performed lead to a coupling of reactions occurring in the gas phase and reactions which are catalyzed by the material employed as catalyst. A profound analysis of the mechanisms occurring in gas phase and resulting products from gas phase reactions is key to understanding part of the challenges that any catalyst material, irrespective of its nature, will have to cope with. The deposition of coke on an active catalyst is as well one of the most limiting factors for catalyst lifetime and catalyst activity in dry reforming. Therefore, an understanding of the thermodynamics behind coke formation and an intricate description of the mechanisms driving the evolution of coke is a vital piece of the picture. Acid‐base properties of the catalyst material and the role and nature of the active metal do also need to be considered. A large part of the review deals with mechanisms which are relevant for coke gasification and insights into materials properties, which are relevant to allow for reaction pathways along these lines. The review article focusses on research results which have been achieved using model systems – typically the analysis of model systems is a more rewarding exercise compared to fully formulated industrial catalyst systems, as here more elucidating structure‐property relationships can be drawn. Additionally the article discusses dry methane reforming in the context of alternative syngas generation technologies and attempts to create an application perspective for the reader in the context of a sustainable approach towards carbon capture and storage.
An Inexpensive, Efficient Alternative to NADPH to Support Catalysis by Thermostable Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: Strohmaier Silja J. , Baek Jong Min , De Voss James J. , Jurva Ulrik , Andersson Shalini , Gillam Elizabeth M. J.
Published: January 2020

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are highly desirable catalysts for the regio‐ and stereo‐selective, late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals. Recently, the resurrected ancestors of drug‐metabolizing P450s were shown to be highly thermostable and expressed in high yield, while retaining similar substrate specificity to the extant forms. However, they still rely on NADPH and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to enable catalysis of oxidative transformations. To identify an alternative support system, we screened 10 oxygen surrogates (OSs) for the ability to support P450 ancestors from three different families. Of the 23 ancestors examined, 17 were supported by at least one OS as well as, or better than, by CPR. Using two candidate P450s we showed that OS‐dependent P450 catalysis can be optimized in a few steps, boosting product yield from ∼2.2 % with CPR to 88–100 % with an OS. The principles applied here will facilitate faster evaluation and optimization of OS‐supported P450 catalysis versus redox partner‐dependent P450 catalysis.