bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMI Shielding Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide/PES-C Composite Film with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Wang Haidong , Li Wei , Li Jiaying , Qiu Wenwen , Pang Daming , Xing Yi , Tong Xingyu
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a reliable and convenient hot-pressing method has been utilized to produce reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/PES-C composite film with sandwich structure, which possesses excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance of an average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness value of 37.96 dB in the X-band. The gas-liquid interfacial self-assembly method was used to prepare graphene oxide films and the films were then reduced by the combination of hydroiodic acid and microwave irradiation to obtain microwave-assistant hydroiodic acid reduced graphene oxide (MA-HIA-RGO) films. Finally, the MA-HIA-RGO and PES-C films were compounded together to obtain the sandwich structure. The influence of the reduction method on the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of the composite film was discussed. Compared with the traditional method of uniformly scattering graphene into the resin, this method does not require complicated procedures and demanding conditions to prevent the agglomeration of graphene.
Depolymerization for polymers with heteroatom-containing main chain: mechanism and applications
Authors: Song Di , Wang Yuqi , Yip Ching-Fai , Zuo Quan
Published: March 2022

With the flourishment of the polymer industry, many polymers have been produced and used. However, it has been acerbically criticized that most of the polymers, such as polyolefins, polyesters, cannot be naturally degraded or depolymerized, leading to polymer waste, which has exacerbated the growing global contamination. Therefore, it is essential to research and ameliorate depolymerization methods to diminish the polymer waste and recycle them. This article reviews a series of novel depolymerization methods in recent years, including pyrolysis, ionic liquids, hydrolysis, and biological methods, aiming to depolymerize the waste polymer with heteroatom-containing main chain, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyamides, polyesters. The mechanisms and applications of these depolymerization methods are highlighted. Although traditional pyrolysis methods have relatively low yield, selectivity, and harsh conditions, some catalytical pyrolysis methods have better selectivity, energy consumption, etc. Besides, due to the good recyclability of ionic liquids, an excellent yield of monomers, and relatively moderate conditions, ionic liquids have been widely used in depolymerizing the polymers with heteroatom-containing main chain, which are processing a stepwise ionic depolymerization mechanism. Moreover, because water is economical and environmentally friendly, depolymerization via hydrolysis is also worthy of research. Finally, some biological methods are prevailing because of their high selectivity, high efficiency, and mild conditions, although the mechanisms are still obscure that there have been only a few uniform theories, such as oxidizing-degrading mechanism, hydrolysis mechanism.
Preparation and applications of linear low-density polyethylene
Authors: An Meiru , Cui Binran , Duan Xintong
Published: March 2022

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is widely used in many fields like packaging and film due to its chemical resistance and high tensile strength. This review mainly introduces the preparations and applications of LLDPEs produced by Ziegler-Natta catalyst, metallocene-based catalyst, and late transition metal catalyst, respectively. The improved mechanical and conductivity properties of LLDPE by Ziegler-Natta catalysts, higher activity of the metallocene-based catalysts and high performance of LLDPE directly produced by late transition metal were highlighted. The enhancement of the resistance, flexibility, transparency properties, and yield is achieved using those catalysts and mild conditions. This also leads to more applications in electrical, medical, and surgical areas and can reach an industrial scale.
Research on Assembly Scheduling of Complex Electromechanical Products Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Chen Youling
Published: March 2022

The assembly shop production scheduling of complex electromechanical products is a typical discrete variable NP-hard problem. In order to solve the assembly job scheduling problem of a large transformer assembly shop, an improved particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the optimal assembly task scheduling result. In order to minimize the maximum completion time, the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was improved according to the characteristics of large transformer assembly process. First, the two-stage coding method of process and assembly team is adopted. Then, in order to improve the quality of the initial solution, the initialization method that minimizes the completion time is selected, and the adaptive inertia weight optimization speed update formula is adopted. Finally, the simulation study is carried out with relevant example data. Compared with the traditional PSO, the maximum completion time and convergence speed are significantly improved, which verifies the effectiveness of the improved PSO, and obtains the production scheduling Gantt chart of the workshop.
Three fixture synchronizations of crane based on OpenCV
Authors: Deng Yujie , Liu Junyu , You Haonan
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, under the general trend of logistics development, mechanization and intelligent technology presents a highly integrated trend of mechanical engineering to play the maximum value of intelligent technology to do a good job in the industry, technology research. Traditional lifting equipment can not realize automatic operation and independent identification. To solve the above problems, this project designs a lifting equipment with the characteristics of automatic operation, independent identification, and synchronous engineering. In warehousing and logistics, especially in the case of complicated routes, complex varieties and numerous quantities, the cranes of our project team can achieve greater benefits in terms of time and economic benefits, and the use of this lifting equipment can efficiently complete the operation and ensure the quality of the operation.
Three-clamp automatic identification of logistics trolley based on 3D printing optical axis movement
Authors: You Haonan , Liu Junyu
Published: March 2022

With the development of science and technology, the 21st century has entered the era of automation. In the machinery, automobile, logistics and other industries, the demand for automatic handling vehicles is gradually increasing, and more and more companies need new warehousing and logistics vehicles. Based on the principle of 3D printer optical axis movement, this project team designed a warehousing logistics transportation machine. The logistics trolley adopts machine vision, which can recognize the representations of different colors and different shapes, and realize the grasping and transportation of designated objects. At the same time, the machine uses infrared sensors to automatically track and perform operations throughout the entire process without any manual operation. The logistics trolley is composed of a traveling mechanism, a clamp grasping mechanism, a clamp moving mechanism, and a storage mechanism. The weight of the whole machine is less than 15kg, which realizes the lightweight of the trolley.
Modeling and Simulation of the NC Feed System based on MATLAB / Simulink
Authors: Zhang Jihong
Published: March 2022

Feed servo system often adopts the CNC system with the digital controller as the core. In such a computer control system, it involves both continuous signal processing and digital signal processing.The numerical control machine tool feed sampling control system is a more complex electromechanical control system, and has nonlinear characteristics, the mathematical model established is a higher-order model, through the simplified transfer to the second-order system model, to facilitate computer simulation operation, so that the numerical control machine tool static performance and dynamic performance parameters to meet the design requirements.
Research on Algorithm Based on Improved PID Controller
Authors: Wu Gang , Wu Wanqiang
Published: March 2022

In order to solve the problem of noise and lag in the control system, which can not make the balance vehicle reach a fast and stable state, an improved PID closed-loop controller is proposed. The piecewise function is added to the closed-loop controller to weaken the integral, and the integral link is weakened in different states to make the system reach a stable state. The data collected by the sensor is processed, and the balance system reaches the steady state through Kalman filtering algorithm. The simulation results show that the improved PID control algorithm can effectively reduce the lag effect. At the same time, the environmental noise can be removed after Kalman filter processing, so that the balance car can reduce the jitter time and achieve stability quickly.
Production line workforce scheduling optimization considering noise exposure risk
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhao Hongru
Published: March 2022

The Industrial noise is one of the main ergonomic risks in today's production activities and has a serious impact on human health in the workplace. The EWSP optimization model established for industrial noise problems solves some of the corresponding case problems, but for the more general problems, the model does not properly represent the constraints of the number of personnel and skills. In this paper, the EWSP model is constructed to balance the noise exposure risk of the whole production line personnel with the constraints of the number of workstation personnel, personnel skills and production line output, and an improved immune simulated annealing algorithm is adopted. Finally, the model and algorithm mentioned are applied to a production line. Results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively find the optimal solution of such scheduling problems.
Design of energy consumption simulation model and development of support platform based on energy supply system
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zheng Libin , Zhao Meng
Published: March 2022

The energy Internet system absorbs a large number of distributed energy collection and storage devices, integrates energy production, transmission and consumption, meets various energy needs such as electricity, cold, heat and gas in the system, makes efficient use of various grades of energy, realizes the efficient utilization of energy and the compatibility of renewable energy, and reduces the system risk of energy. At present, the lack of theoretical research on energy consumption model leads to a certain blindness in the development of energy conservation. Strengthening energy consumption benchmarking management is helpful to quantitatively analyze energy consumption parameters. However, it is difficult to form systematic research on energy consumption and tap the energy-saving potential within the system only based on benchmarking management. Through the research of this paper, the energy consumption data information of energy consumption system can be processed, analyzed and optimized efficiently, the key energy consumption influencing factors can be extracted, the mathematical model can be built, the model base can be provided for the energy consumption analysis of typical energy consumption system, and the general energy consumption evaluation and energy-saving diagnosis tools and systems can be developed as the information processing tools and credentials of energy-saving diagnosis data, Provide scientific guidance for the rational application of power grid energy-saving technology and equipment, and effectively promote the improvement of power grid energy efficiency.
An Automatic Magnetic Domain Characterization Method by Intelligent Algorithms assisted Kerr microscopy
Authors: Si Zhizhong , Zhang Tianhao , Niu Jianteng , Zhen Wenhui , Lin Xiaoyang
Published: March 2022

Kerr Microscopy can provide intuitive images of the magnetic materials with certain spatial resolutions and have been wildly used in the magnetic material characterizations. However, the analysis of the Kerr image is a time-consuming and experience-depended job. Here, we provide an intelligent algorithm assisted Kerr microscopy method for static and dynamic magnetic material characterizations. This method can significantly increase the research efficiency by saving unnecessary time consumption for experts. We hope this work can inspire the exploration for further researches and applications of magnetic material.
Satellite-relayed intercontinental quantum network
Authors: Xue Yao
Published: March 2022

In recent years, with the development of long-distance communication, the encryption method has become one of the crucial topics. Quantum communication, with the advantage of no-cloning theorem, is far more secure than traditional communication and could be a key method in encrypted communication. In this paper, we simulate the whole process of quantum encryption, we simulate the satellite-relayed quantum key distribution, the transmission of encrypted information, and the decoding of the received message, meanwhile using Hamming code error correction method to reduce the noise. During the simulation, we successfully realize the transmission of an encrypted picture and efficiently reduce the noise associated with it. In conclusion, our thesis shows that quantum communication could be an ideal method to realize encrypted communication. However, our thesis is only based on the simulation of the satellite-relayed quantum network and the channel noise still destroys some part of the decoded picture, thus more practical testing should be done to confirm this theory and some advanced methods should be used to reduce the channel noise.
Developing a protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging after Transarterial Radioembolization
Authors: Talebi A.S. , Rajabi H.
Published: March 2022

Yttrium-90 (90Y) is an almost pure beta emitter used in Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE). Post-TARE 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging is employed for quantification of the delivered dose. 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging is the most challenging issue in nuclear medicine because of the low photon yield, the continuous and non-pronounced peak of the bremsstrahlung spectrum. GATE Monte Carlo code was employed to find the most proper imaging protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging. Images were acquired using Medium-Energy Medium-Resolution (MEMR) and High-Energy Medium-Resolution (HEMR) in nine energy windows widths (50 to 500 keV). The quality of images was evaluated using contrast, resolution, sensitivity, Signal-to-Background Ratio (SBR), percentage of total counts in useful field of view, and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR). The HEMR collimator performed better than the MEMR collimator on all imaging criteria except for the sensitivity. The CNR values were equal in both collimators. Based on the measured parameters, images acquired by the HEMR collimator with the energy window of 50–200 keV are the best protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging. The findings in this study suggest the imaging protocol for 90Y bremsstrahlung imaging that can be practically used in the clinic.
How do REDD+ projects contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement?
Authors: Atmadja Stibniati S , Duchelle Amy E , De Sy Veronique , Selviana Vivi , Komalasari Mella , Sills Erin O , Angelsen Arild
Published: March 2022

Hundreds of projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon stocks (REDD+) are implemented globally, many by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or for-profit companies. Yet, at the global level, the Paris Agreement focuses on jurisdictional (national and subnational) REDD+. We ask: (1) How much can REDD+ projects contribute to achieving national and international climate objectives? (2) What are the issues in integrating REDD+ projects into national carbon accounting? Our snapshot of 377 REDD+ projects covering 53 million ha in 56 countries is based on data from the International Database on REDD+ Projects (ID-RECCO) supplemented with new data on projects’ accounting methods. The number of new REDD+ projects declined steadily from 45 new projects in 2011 to five in 2019. We examined 161 certified projects that started between 2007 and 2017; 96 of these could sell carbon credits in voluntary carbon markets by 2020 and spent on average 4.7 (± 2.4) years between project start and sales in voluntary carbon markets. Globally, REDD+ projects claim to reduce an average of 3.67 tCO2e/ha annually. This figure - combined with projects limited coverage - implies that projects need to be upscaled more than 40x to fulfil the potential contribution of tropical and subtropical forests towards limiting global warming to well below 2oC. Compared to the national carbon accounting methods, most projects in Colombia, Indonesia and Peru (63 of 86) use at least one different carbon accounting parameter. Carbon accounting inconsistencies across levels need to be addressed. Overall, the argument for REDD+ projects lies in the emissions reductions they can achieve, diversifying participation in REDD+ and providing non-carbon benefits to local communities, potentially leading to broader support for climate action.
Imprint of intrinsic ocean variability on decadal trends of regional sea level and ocean heat content using synthetic profiles
Authors: Llovel William , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Close Sally , Penduff Thierry , Molines Jean-Marc , Terray Laurent
Published: March 2022

The global ocean is warming and has absorbed 90% of the Earth Energy Imbalance over 2010–2018 leading to global mean sea level rise. Both ocean heat content (OHC) and sea level trends show large regional deviations from their global means. Both quantities have been estimated from in-situ observations for years. However, in-situ profile coverage is spatially uneven, leading to uncertainties when assessing both OHC and sea level trends, especially at regional scale. Recently, a new possible driver of regional sea level and OHC trends has been highlighted using eddy-permitting ensemble ocean simulations over multiple decades: non-linear ocean processes produce chaotic fluctuations, which yield random contributions to regional decadal OHC and sea level trends. In-situ measurements capture a combination of the atmospherically-forced response and this intrinsic ocean variability. It is therefore important to understand the imprint of the chaotic ocean variability recorded by the in-situ measurement sampling in order to assess its impact and associated uncertainty on regional budgets. A possible approach to investigate this problem is to use a set of synthetic in-situ-like profiles extracted from an ensemble of forced ocean simulations started from different states and integrated with the same atmospheric forcing. Comparisons between the original ensemble outputs and the remapped, subsampled, in-situ-like profiles elucidate the contribution of chaotic ocean variability to OHC and regional sea level trends. Our results show that intrinsic variability may be large in eddy-active regions in the gridded model outputs, and remains substantial when using the in-situ sampling-based estimates. Using the latter, the same result is also found on large scales, for which atmospheric forcing has been identified as the main driver. Our results suggest accounting for this intrinsic ocean variability when assessing regional OHC and sea level trend budgets on decadal time scales.
Future climate change impact on wildfire danger over the Mediterranean: the case of Greece
Authors: Rovithakis Anastasios , Grillakis Manolis G , Seiradakis Konstantinos D , Giannakopoulos Christos , Karali Anna , Field Robert , Lazaridis Mihalis , Voulgarakis Apostolos
Published: March 2022

Recent studies have shown that temperature and precipitation in the Mediterranean are expected to change, contributing to longer and more intense summer droughts that even extend out of season. In connection to this, the frequency of forest fire occurrence and intensity will likely increase. In the present study, the changes in future fire danger conditions are assessed for the different regions of Greece using the Canadian fire weather index (FWI). Gridded future climate output as estimated from three regional climate models from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment are utilized. We use three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) consisting of an optimistic emissions scenario where emissions peak and decline beyond 2020 (RCP2.6), a middle-of-the-road scenario (RCP4.5) and a pessimistic scenario, in terms of mitigation where emissions continue to rise throughout the century (RCP8.5). Based on established critical fire FWI threshold values for Greece, the future change in days with critical fire danger were calculated for different areas of Greece domains. The results show that fire danger is expected to progressively increase in the future especially in the high-end climate change scenario with southern and eastern regions of Greece expected to have up to 40 additional days of high fire danger relative to the late 20th century, on average. Crete, the Aegean Islands, the Attica region, as well as parts of Peloponnese are predicted to experience a stronger increase in fire danger.
Ecological unequal exchange: quantifying emissions of toxic chemicals embodied in the global trade of chemicals, products, and waste
Authors: Tong Kate , Li Li , Breivik Knut , Wania Frank
Published: March 2022

Ecologically unequal exchange arises if more developed economies (‘core’) shift the environmental burden of their consumption and capital accumulation to less developed economies (‘periphery’/‘semi-core’). Here we demonstrate that human populations in core regions can benefit from the use of products containing toxic chemicals while transferring to the periphery the risk of human and ecological exposure to emissions associated with manufacturing and waste disposal. We use a global scale substance flow analysis approach to quantify the emissions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a group of flame retardants added to consumer products, that are embodied in the trade of chemicals, products and wastes between seven world regions over the 2000–2020 time period. We find that core regions have off-loaded PBDE emissions, mostly associated with the disposal of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste), to semi-core and peripheral regions in mainland China and the Global South. In core regions this results in small emissions that mostly occur during the product use phase, whereas in peripheral regions emissions are much higher and dominated by end of life disposal. The transfer of toxic chemical emissions between core and periphery can be quantified and should be accounted for when appraising the costs and benefits of global trade relationships.
A study of agricultural waste potential to support the expansion of cattle and buffalo populations in Aceh Barat District
Authors: Yusriani Y , Hayanti S Y , Saputra H , Qomariyah N , Fitriawaty F , Costa M A Da , Surya S , Asmaireicen S
Published: March 2022

A constant supply of feed is critical for the sustainability of cattle and buffalo ranching. Therefore, this study aims to collect data on the availability of feed made from agricultural waste to aid in the expansion of cattle and buffalo populations in the West Aceh District. It was conducted in September and October 2021 at Aceh Barat District. The secondary data were collected through the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia and West Aceh. Furthermore, feed potential data from agricultural waste were collected from West Aceh District, cattle, and buffalo population data from the 2011 collection for buffalos, beef, and dairy cattle (PSPK). Also, cattle and buffalo population data were collected from the 2016 Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data collected were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the West Aceh District provides only digested dry weight (BKC) from agricultural waste to meet 74.27% of the livestock population’s total BKC requirements. Additionally, only Woyla and West Woyla Sub-districts meet feed needs from agricultural waste, with 135.12% and 266.42%, respectively, based on livestock populations. Conclusively, the growth of the livestock population will result in a decrease in agricultural waste’s carrying capacity as animal feed.
Impact of ammoniation rice straw treatment with direct-fed microbials and Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal supplemented in concentrate on local sheep performances
Authors: Bata M , Rahayu S , Rimbawanto E A , Fita M
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to determine the interaction between ammoniation rice straw treatment using direct-fed microbial (DFM) and Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal (HTLM) supplementation on local sheep performance. Thirty-six local male sheep aged 2 years (28.01 ± 2.61 kg) fed with ammoniated rice-straw (ARS) treated with DFM and concentrate supplemented with HTLM were assigned randomly to receive nine treatments in an experiment of 3 x 3 factorial design. The first factor was the use of DFM with P0 = control, P1 = DFMAMS, and P2 = DFMRK, while the second was level of HTLM with W0 = 0%, W1 = 0.24% and W2 = 0.48% DM concentrate. Concentrates were fed 3% of sheep body weight, and ARS was prepared ad-libitum. The variables measured were final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and consumption rate (CR). There was significant interaction (P<0.05) between DFM and HTLM supplementation on the final FW, DMI, and CR (P<0.01), while ADG and FCR were not significant. Furthermore, DFM supplementation (P<0.05) on FCR, DMD, and CFD but not ADG. The lowest FCR was achieved in a combination of W2 and DFMRK, and ADG increased with the dose of HTLM. The highest ADG achieved was in the combination of DFMRK and W2. For DFM and HTLM, 0.48% of DFMRK and the level of HTLM improved local sheep performance and feed efficiency. It had a positive impact on the environment by minimizing methane production.
The effect of explants and light conditions on callus induction of srikandi putih maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Suhartanto B , Astutik M , Umami N , Suseno N , Haq M S
Published: March 2022

Climate changes due to global warming affect the productivity of forage crops such as maize. However, the productivity of maize could be maximized by improving the plant’s adaptation and tolerance through breeding, using tissue culture. This study aims to determine the effect of explant types and light conditions on callus induction of srikandi putih maize. It was conducted at the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Furthermore, it was carried out using a completely randomized design in a factorial pattern. There were two treatment factors namely explant types, which consisted of roots, stems, and leaves, and light conditions consisting of darkness and light. The results showed that callus induction occurred in the stem and root of explants at 60%, but not in the leaves. It also showed that the stem explants produced a higher fresh weight of callus at 239.6 mg compared to the roots which produced 77.6 mg. The dark condition also produced a 49.3% higher amount of callus with fresh weight of 115.1 mg. Meanwhile, the light condition produced 30.7% higher amounts of callus with fresh weight of 96.3 mg. It was concluded that all treatments showed a compact texture of callus, but the use of stem explants in dark conditions was the best treatment.
Enhancement of the liver status of Sentul chickens from the starter phase induced by irradiated chitosan
Authors: Rahmania H , Permana R , Latipudin D , Suwarno N , Puspitasari T , Nuryanthi N , Mushawwir A
Published: March 2022

The research aims to examine the effect of irradiated chitosan (ICh) on enzyme levels (SGPT, SGOT, and Gamma Transpeptidase) in the starter phase of Sentul chickens and its physiological conditions, as a result of fungal contamination from the environment (specifically from feed ingredients). This was conducted in the Poultry Production Laboratory, and the sample analysis was performed at the Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Padjadjaran University. The samples consisted of 100 Sentul chickens reared from 0-8 weeks, and the method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were K0 = basal diet (BD) without ICh, K1 = BD + 300 ppm ICh, K2 = BD + 350 ppm ICh, K3 = BD + 400 ppm ICh. The results showed that ICh was significantly different (P < 0.05) on SGPT, SGOT, and Gamma Transpeptidase levels. Therefore, it was concluded that the administration of 400 ppm ICh in the feed effectively enhanced the liver status of Sentul chickens in the starter phase.
Blood fat profile of laying hens consuming rations fortified with citric acid and beta-carotene
Authors: Palupi R , Verawaty M , Lidiasari E , Lubis F N L
Published: March 2022

Extreme climate change greatly affects the metabolism of laying hens due to their intolerance to high environmental temperatures. Hence, to improve the metabolism, the feed quality also needs to be improved. This study aims to determine the blood lipid profile of laying hens consuming a diet rich in citric acid and beta-carotene (β-carotene). During the study, 200 laying hens of the Lohmann strain aged 35 weeks and a ration with a crude protein content of 18.39% and metabolic energy of 2960 Kcal/kg were used. The treatment was fortification with various levels of β-carotene sources in the diet and 0.2% citric acid, namely T0 (without fortification of β-carotene sources and citric acid), T1 (0.1% fortification of β-carotene sources + 0.2% citric acid), T2 ( 0.15% fortification of β-carotene + 0.2% of citric acid), and T3 (0.2% fortification of β-carotene + 0.2% of citric acid). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and further testing by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Furthermore, the observed variables were blood cholesterol content and HDL, as well as triglycerides. The results showed that the fortification of citric acid and β-carotene significantly affected blood cholesterol levels but had no significant effect on the concentration of HDL and triglycerides. Considering these results, it was concluded that fortification of citric acid and β-carotene sources in the ratio of laying hens decreased the amount of fat in the blood.
The effect of vitamin e antioxidant addition in goat milk diluent on the quality of thin-tailed sheep semen
Authors: Bintara S , Ismaya I , Widayati D T , Aji R N , Asmarawati W
Published: March 2022

Artificial insemination supports the prevention of infectious dispersion in organisms which share the same environment. Meanwhile, spermatozoa usually experience a decrease in quality during processing due to the peroxidation process. This study aims to identify the effect of vitamin E antioxidant addition in goat milk diluent on the quality of thin-tailed sheep semen after storing at 5°C for five days. A total of 4 male thin-tailed sheep were used and the treatments consisted of controls, namely goat milk sperm diluent without vitamin E antioxidant (P0), and others with the addition of vitamin E at a dose of 2 gL-1diluent (P1); 3 gL-1diluent (P2); and 4 gL-1(P3). Moreover, the variables observed include individual motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa after storing at 5°C for five days. The data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a completely randomized design in one-way. The results showed that the addition of vitamin E antioxidant to goat milk diluent during sperm dilution had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane. Spermatozoa motility at P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 44.0%, 48.2%, 50.4%, and 53.2%, while the viability was 48.2%, 51.4%, 54.2%, and 56.0%, respectively. Additionally, the intact plasma membranes at P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 41.0%, 46.6%, 48.2%, and 51.4%, respectively. The addition of antioxidant vitamins in goat milk diluent with a concentration of 4 gL-1produced the best results on sperm quality after cooling. Based on the results, it was concluded that the addition of vitamin E antioxidant to the sperm diluent can improve the quality of thin-tailed sheep chilled semen.
Candidacy of genes associated with economic traits for Madura cattle in Sonok area
Authors: Nugroho T , Maharani D , Widi T S M
Published: March 2022

Madura cattle in the Sonok area are classified into Sonok, Taccek, and Conventional. Meanwhile, the selection of cattle with high economic value is expected to support environmentally friendly livestock production. Therefore, this study aims to identify candidate genes associated with economic traits for Madura Cattle in the Sonok area. An in-silico study was employed using data retrieved from published studies to obtain a list of genes that have been studied in Madura cattle. Next, genes were clustered using Venn Diagram for grouping into respective traits. The selected economic traits were growth, carcass, milk, and reproduction trait. The result showed that a total of 18 genes have been studied in Madura cattle. Among these genes, four were not associated with economic traits, while five were selected as candidate genes because they have associations with all four specified economic traits. The selected genes are Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Growth Hormone (GH), Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR), Myostatin (MSTN), and Leptin (LEP). These five genes can be used as molecular markers for economic traits. Following marker selection, a protein-to-protein interaction analysis and association study between the selected gene to economic trait needs to be performed in Madura Cattle within the Sonok Area.
Physiological response of dairy goats in tropical climates: A study in Tadukan Raga Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Febretrisiana A , Anwar A , Alwiyah A , Teresia G E , Hasinah H , Tiesnamurti B
Published: March 2022

The physiological response can be an indicator of livestock health status related to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological response of dairy goats kept in Deli Serdang Regency. A total of 93 PE goats were used and their physiological responses were assessed by measuring rectal temperature, heart, and respiration rate at different ages, body weights, and pregnancy statuses. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out with T-Test using SPSS version 21.0. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in goat rectal temperature (39.0, 39.0, 38.9, and 39.0, respectively). Similarly, heart and respiration rates at various ages did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). The body weights (20-29, 30-39, and 40-50kg) did not show significant differences in heart rate (P>0.05) at 72, 69.6, and 73.2 beats/minute. The physiological response of rectal temperature and respiration rate also did not show any difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the respiratory rate of pregnant and non­pregnant goats (p>0.05), which were 42.9 and 42.9 breaths/minute, respectively. It was concluded that dairy goats in Tandukan Raga Village, Deli Serdang Regency did not show different physiological responses such as rectal temperature, heart and respiration rate despite differences in age, weight, and pregnancy status.
The perception of rural dairy farmers concerning the commercialization of forage: Evidence from Lembang District
Authors: Hamidah A N , Nuraina N , Despal D , Taufik E
Published: March 2022

Environmental and land pressure from horticultural and tourism reduces the availability of forage for sustainable dairy production, specifically in Lembang. Subsequently, only limited commercialization of forage exists in the area. This study aims to explore the perception and selections of dairy farmers in Lembang District based on their interest in purchasing forage and its varieties. The purposive sampling technique was used to select hundreds farmers and they were interviewed for their perception. These perceptions were grouped into (1) not very interested, (2) not interested, (3) interested and (4) very interested. The data were analyzed using scale range analysis. However, the ones concerning the selection of forage types and the willingness of farmers to purchase this plant material were analyzed using qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics. The results showed that 96% were willing to purchase forage (interested and very interested) with elephant grass being the most favourable type (62%). It was found that quality is the critical determinant in farmers decision to purchase forage (33%). Therefore, it was concluded that sustainable dairy farming in the district can be improved by purchasing high-quality elephant grass forage from outside this region.
Organoleptic study of the powdered and liquid snakehead fish (Channa striata) extracts with different shelf times
Authors: Hidayati D , Yuliani D R , Abdulgani N , Jadid N
Published: March 2022

The snakehead fish extract (SFE) is known for its medical potential and commercially valuable nutraceutical properties, including for diabetic therapy. Before marketing, it is necessary to test the feasibility of consumer acceptance and nutritional consistency. Therefore, this study aims to examine the organoleptic characteristics of SFE prepared with different methods and varying shelf-times. Two preparation methods were used namely dry and liquid which was stored at different shelf-times of 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Subsequently, the organoleptic quality of each group was tested and statistically analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the best value of shelf time was found at 4 weeks and consumers preferred the powder form of SFE rather than the liquid. The range preferential value of powdered SFE was 3.01-3.8, while the liquid form was 1.8-2.95.
The detection of tetracycline residues in the liver of Tilapia fish from traditional markets in Yogyakarta using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Nugroho M I S , Pawestri W , Hakimah N
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic contamination is detrimental to the aquatic environment of living organisms, such as fish, which are mostly consumed by humans. However, the increase in fish consumption in certain areas should be controlled due to food safety concerns. One of the food safety concerns in Indonesia is the presence of tetracycline residue in fish liver, which can be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study aimed to detect tetracycline residue in the liver of tilapia fish from traditional markets in Yogyakarta using HPLC Shimadzu 6.1. The samples were 62 tilapia fish obtained from 16 traditional markets in Yogyakarta and incorporated into the HPLC apparatus at an oven temperature, UV-Vis detector wavelength, flow rate, and amount injection of 30°C, 355 nm, 1 ml/minute, and 20 μl, respectively. The results were presented as chromatograms with peak area, while the positive samples were indicated by the presence of a tetracycline peak area during the 4th minute and 5th minute. The analysis showed that 48.4% of the samples contained tetracycline residue. Also, the presence of tetracycline residues in tilapia livers can be due to antibiotic contamination of the water, the use of antibiotics as a feed additive, or antibiotic contamination of soil ponds.
Development of Sustainability Indicators Related to Traditional Characteristics for Micro-hydro Power Assessment using Delphi Method
Authors: Alhaqurahman Isa M , Sudjono Priana , Sato Tatsuro , Onda Nariaki , Endo Izuki , Takada Asari , Muntalif Barti S , Ide Jun’ichiro
Published: March 2022

The diverse socio-cultural conditions in Indonesia can make it difficult to develop sustainable micro-hydro power (MHP) generation in rural areas. However, the existing framework of sustainable development indicators to assess MHP sustainability does not include indicators for locations with traditional characteristics. This study aimed to develop indicators related to the specific cultural features for evaluating the sustainability of MHP generation. The identification of indicators was accomplished through field investigations and literature studies. Thirty-one experts in the Delphi method validated the indicators. The results revealed three indicators related to specific traditional characteristics and importance to the sustainability of MHP generation, i.e., electricity-supported cultural activities, customary rules of environmental protection, and directive of a traditional leader. These indicators can be elaborated with the existing framework and expected to increase sustainability assessment efforts for MHP generation in remote locations.
A biodegradable water-activated battery: using an activated carbon-based anode and a CNT-based air-cathode
Authors: Trang Nguyen Dang , Nguyen Hoang-Uyen-Dung , Taguchi Kozo
Published: March 2022

Activated carbon has been popularly utilizing for countless applications such as purification of water, heavy metal removal, and natural gas and biogas storage. In this study, a novel phenomenon of activated carbon powder (ACP) has been utilized to realize a disposable water-activated battery. The battery is environmentally friendly because it is based on an ACP-loaded anode and a multiwalled carbon nanotube-coated air-cathode. The air-cathode was integrated on the backside of a paper-based proton exchange membrane. The battery case was made of cardboard for low cost and biodegradability. The proton exchange membrane was attached to the battery case. The anode was separately fabricated and could be simply set in the battery case for power generation. Because the air-cathode was used, the battery case could be reused for many cycles. The anode could also be reused for some cycles. Although the output power capacity of the battery is low in the range of mW kg−1 of ACP, it is made of low-cost and abundant materials, and therefore being able to be scaled up. The battery is a biodegradable on-demand micropower generation.
Impact of the Temperature on the Proton Conductivity and Power Output of a PEFC Operating at High Current Densities
Authors: Santana-Villamar Jordy , Espinoza-Andaluz Mayken , Andersson Martin
Published: March 2022

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) have great potential as clean energy conversion devices. Therefore, studies are required to increase the understanding of a PEFC at real operating conditions. Two variables that significantly affect the performance are the temperature and the current load. In the present study, a fundamental constitutive part’s performance, e.g., the polymeric membrane (PM) Nafion 212, was evaluated by obtaining its proton conductivity. Also, the cell performance is evaluated considering its output power. Tests were performed in a temperature range of 40-90 °C in steps of 5 °C at a constant current of 50 A. The results show a direct correlation between the proton conductivity and the temperature, and for temperatures greater than 85 °C, the proton conductivity has a growth negligible. It was also found that the PEFC output power has an exponential trend with maximum performance at 75 °C with a power of 25.1 W and proton conductivity of 63 mS.cm−1. Besides, an analysis of the internal factors that impact the proton conductivity and the performance is presented. Finally, empirical correlations for proton conductivity and power output as a function of the temperature with an R-squared larger than 0.96 are proposed.
Comparison of the Dynamics of Parallel Planes in a Confined Jet Impinging on a Slotted Plate Using TR-PIV measurements
Authors: Hamdi J , Assoum H , Alkheir M , Cauet S , Rambault L , Abed-Meraïm K
Published: March 2022

Ventilation systems implemented in buildings form the configuration of impinging jets where the airflow impacts obstacles with different slots. The bad choice of initial conditions such as confinement may cause acoustic incompatibility. Hence, to control these noises in buildings, a 3D experimental study of the impinging jet should be performed to develop its structural characteristics. For this reason, Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-PIV) experiments were carried out on an impinging jet on a slotted plate. Data were acquired on a series of twenty-two parallel planes orthogonal to the slot of the plate, for a Reynolds number of 4458 and a sampling frequency of 5 kHz. The 3D analysis of the flow is carried out in the present paper by discussing the kinematic field of planes in the central and intermediate part of the jet without considering the planes at the edge of the slot. The normalized field of the mean velocity and the turbulence rate of all these planes were presented. The results have shown for a Reynolds number Re = 4458 and a confinement of L/H=4 the flow is two dimensional where the averaged kinematic fields are the same from the midplane P0 until plane P60.
Research on detection of electric concealed equipment based on ground penetrating radar
Authors: Wang Qian , Yang Ying , Sun Wen , Zheng Aixiang
Published: March 2022

For power systems, the operation of concealed power equipment such as grounding grids and underground pipelines affects the system reliability. The ground penetrating radar with ultra-high frequency electromagnetic pulse can detect underground objects without stopping power equipment. It has the advantages of saving costs, improving construction efficiency and helping to improve the stability of the power system. This paper adopts the finite difference time domain method (FDTD) based on fourth-order accuracy which improves the accuracy of the numerical calculation to study the detection and location of concealed equipment in underground power. In this paper, electromagnetic echoes of common metal materials in the grounding grid are calculated. Moreover, the electromagnetic echo is further calculated when the outer layer material and the filling medium changed, and the change law of the waveform is systematically analyzed. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of ground penetrating radar technology in engineering practice.
Inverse design of anisotropic and multi-resonant absorbers based on black phosphorus via residual neural network
Authors: Cai Yijun , Feng Kehao , Zhou Yuanguo , Chen Yingshi , Chen Chengying , Abdi-Ghaleh Reza , Zhu Jinfeng
Published: March 2022

Black phosphorus (BP), a new type of two-dimensional material, has attracted extensive attention because of its excellent properties. The anisotropy of BP makes its physical properties vary greatly in different directions, which increases the complexity of the design of BP metamaterials. We present a residual neural network on the basis of the improved adaptive batch normalization algorithm to achieve the inverse design of a multilayer thin film structure based on BP, and we adopt the characteristic matrix method to obtain perfect optical absorption samples. The prediction accuracy of the neural network model is more than 95% for absorbing structures with both single and multiple resonances. This method has the advantages of a fast rate of convergence and high precision of prediction and achieves the design target on the basis of the structure of a BP metamaterial.