bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics with UVC Irradiation Using a Continuous-Flow System: Mathematical Fitting Compared to Microbiological Analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Bruno Pereira , Blanco Kate Cristina , Yasuoka Fátima Maria Mitsue , de Castro Neto Jarbas Caiado , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador
Published: January 2025

Fresh produce contamination poses a significant public health risk. Traditional disinfection methods using chemical solutions, while effective, raise environmental and health concerns. This study explores UVC irradiation, a promising non-chemical alternative proven to be effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. We investigated the optimal UVC dosage for reducing microorganisms on fresh vegetables washed in water. Our findings suggest that dosages of approximately 2 mJ/cm2 in water and 9 mJ/cm2 in vegetables achieve reductions of up to 99%. Additionally, we established a nominal radiation application rate of 2.38 mW/cm2/s, reflecting the treatment intensity. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of UVC irradiation and its interactions with microorganisms is crucial. Elucidating these mechanisms can significantly improve optimization efforts and seamlessly integrate UVC irradiation into food safety protocols. Implementing this strategy offers immense potential to elevate food safety standards in the industry while minimizing environmental impact. This approach aligns perfectly with sustainability objectives by providing a chemical-free solution for food disinfection.
The Response Surface Optimization of the Performance of Modified Polyurethane Membranes for Phenol Removal
Authors: Song Ziyi , Fan Zheng , Jing Genhui , Liu Peihua , Liu Ruijun , Lu Kanghua
Published: January 2025

In this study, polyurethane (PU) filter membranes were modified with MIL-53(Al) in order to improve phenol removal efficiency. First, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine that modifier dosage and temperature were significant influences, and pH had a small effect. Then, Design-Expert 13 software was used to derive higher-order fitting equations based on Box–Behnken design, and the parameters were optimized by a system of partial differential equations. Finally, the optimized parameters were obtained by solving the system of partial differential equations, and the reproducibility of the experiment was confirmed using a t-test. The results showed that the modified filter membranes significantly enhanced phenol removal efficiency by 93.34%, which verifies the accuracy of the model and the reproducibility of the experiment and provides theoretical basis and data support for the promotion of the modified membrane.
Tools of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Used for Process Improvement—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sojka Vladimir , Lepsik Petr
Published: January 2025

One of today’s great challenges is radical process improvement. TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) could help to resolve this. This study aims to answer the following research question: Which tool of TRIZ is best for process improvement? To answer this, a systematic literature review was conducted, and the gathered data were analyzed. The main focus was on the tools, the rate of improvement, the improved parameters, and the combination of tools. The results show that the technical contradiction with inventive principles should be easy to use and provide sufficient results. If the technical contradiction is not enough or the process is too complex, an algorithm or framework to use more advanced tools of TRIZ should be used. That should help to resolve the most challenging problems related to radical process improvement.
Unraveling the Role of CHRNA6, the Neuronal α6 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit
Authors: Hajy Heydary Yasamin , Castro Emily M. , Lotfipour Shahrdad , Leslie Frances M.
Published: January 2025

The increased prevalence of electronic cigarettes, particularly among adolescents, has escalated concerns about nicotine addiction. Nicotine, a potent psychostimulant found in tobacco products, exerts its effects by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. Recent findings in both pre-clinical and clinical studies have enhanced our understanding of nAChRs, overcoming the limitations of pharmacological tools that previously hindered their investigation. Of particular interest is the α6 subunit, whose expression peaks during adolescence, a critical period of brain development often marked by the initiation of substance use. Pre-clinical studies have linked α6-containing nAChRs (α6*nAChRs) to nicotine-induced locomotion, dopamine release, and self-administration behavior. Furthermore, clinical studies suggest an association between the α6 subunit and increased smoking behavior in humans. Specifically, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the CHRNA6 gene that encodes for this subunit is linked to smoking behavior and other substance use. A comprehensive understanding of this subunit’s role in addiction is of high importance. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge regarding the α6 subunit’s functions and implications in addiction and other disorders, with the hope of paving the way for future research and the development of targeted therapies to address this pressing public health concern.
Deconstructing Theology or Prophetic Theology? A Comparative Protestant and Eastern Orthodox Christian Perspective
Authors: Neacșu Nathanael
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to depict, in its main elements, the conception of a Protestant “deconstructive theology”, and, secondly, to present the prophetic aspect of Eastern Christian Orthodox theology in comparison with it. According to the method of “deconstructive theology” as a method, the Scripture must be dismantled in order to be fresh and new. In the Orthodox understanding, the work of theology is understood to be, in the first place, a personal relationship with and experience of God, both from a mystical and sacramental perspective, and, through this, an actualisation of the work and message of God’s Revelation, making it present in the context of each historical and cultural circumstance. As will be presented below, this achievement could be completed only within the Church. Thus, Orthodox theology must deliver the eternal word and life of Jesus Christ, addressed to the contemporary context, in order to guide the Church and the Faithful toward the Kingdom of God. It is hoped that this comparative endeavour may be beneficial for general understanding between Christians, through placing in conversation two different perspectives regarding theology, which seldom encounter one another.
A Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Model for Automatic Arctic Sea Ice Classification with Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhou Yufeng , Zhong Wei , Jin Cheng , Liu Bo , Li Fangzhao
Published: January 2025

Arctic sea ice has a significant effect on global climate change, ship navigation, Arctic ecosystems, and human activities. Therefore, it is essential to produce high-resolution sea ice maps that accurately represent the geographical distribution of various sea ice types. Based on deep learning technology, many automatic sea ice classification algorithms have been developed using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery over the last decade. However, sea ice classification faces two vital challenges: (1) it is difficult to distinguish sea ice types with close developmental stages solely from SAR images and (2) an imbalanced sea ice dataset has a significantly negative effect on ice classification model performance. In this article, a spatio-temporal deep learning model—the Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)—is utilized to classify 10 sea ice types automatically. It consists of a SAR image branch and a spatio-temporal branch, which extracts SAR image features and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of sea ice, respectively. By projecting similar image features to different positions in the spatio-temporal feature space dynamically, the Dynamic MLP model effectively distinguishes between similar sea ice types. Furthermore, to reduce the impact of data imbalance on model performance, the dynamic curriculum learning (DCL) method is used to train the Dynamic MLP model. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the long short-term memory (LSTM) network approach in distinguishing between sea ice types with similar developmental stages. Moreover, the DCL training method can also effectively improve model performance in identifying minority ice types.
3D Seismic Attribute Conditioning Using Multiscale Sheet-Enhancing Filtering
Authors: Zhao Taiyin , Yue Yuehua , Chen Tian , Qian Feng
Published: January 2025

Seismic coherence attributes are valuable for identifying structural features, but they often face challenges due to significant background noise and non-feature-related stratigraphic discontinuities. To address this, it is necessary to apply attribute conditioning to the coherence to enhance the visibility of these structures. The primary challenge of attribute conditioning lies in finding a concise structural representation that isolates only the true interpretive features while effectively removing noise and stratigraphic interference. In this study, we choose sheet-like structures as this concise structural representation, as faults are typically characterized by their thin and narrow profiles. Inspired by multiscale Hessian-based filtering (MHF) and its application on vascular structure detection, we propose a method called anisotropic multiscale Hessian-based sheet-enhancing filtering (AMHSF). This method is specifically designed to extract and magnify sheet-like structures from noisy coherence images, with a novel enhancement function distinct from those traditionally used in vascular enhancement. The effectiveness of our AMHSF is demonstrated through experiments on both synthetic and real datasets, showcasing its potential to improve the identification of structural features in coherence images.
Developing a Health Support System to Promote Care for the Elderly
Authors: Szántó Marcell , Dénes-Fazakas Lehel , Noboa Erick , Kovács Levente , Borsos Döníz , Eigner György , Dulf Éva-H.
Published: January 2025

In light of the demographic shift towards an aging population, there is an increasing prevalence of dementia among the elderly. The negative impact on mental health is preventing individuals from taking proper care of themselves. For individuals requiring hospital care, those receiving home care, or as a precaution for a specific individual, it is advantageous to utilize monitoring equipment to track their biological parameters on an ongoing basis. This equipment can minimize the risk of serious accidents or severe health hazards. The objective of the present research project is to design an armband with an accurate location tracking system. This is of particular importance for individuals with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, who frequently leave their homes and are unable to find their way back. The proposed armband also includes a fingerprint identification system that allows only authorized personnel to use it. Furthermore, in hospitals and healthcare facilities the biometric identification system can be used to trace periodic medical or nursing visits. This process improves the reliability and transparency of healthcare. The test results indicate that the armband functions in accordance with the desired design specifications, with performance evaluation of the main features including fall detection, where a hit rate of 100% was obtained, a fingerprint recognition test demonstrating accuracy from 88% to 100% on high-quality samples, and a GPS tracking test determining position with a difference of between 1.8 and 2.1 m. The proposed solution may be of benefit to healthcare professionals, supported housing providers, elderly people as target users, or their family members.
Effectiveness of Comprehensive Sexuality Education to Reduce Risk Sexual Behaviours Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodríguez-García Ana , Botello-Hermosa Alicia , Borrallo-Riego Álvaro , Guerra-Martín María Dolores
Published: January 2025

Background: Adolescence is a critical life period marked by significant vulnerability to risky sexual behaviours. Comprehensive sex education offers better sexual and reproductive health to adolescents. Aim: We aimed to analyse the effectiveness of sex education interventions on reducing risk behaviours among adolescents. Methods: A systematic peer review was conducted. The databases consulted were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials published between 2013 and 2023 and methodological quality ≥ 5 points as per the Van Tulder scale. Results: A total of 255 studies were identified, with 25 finally selected. Of them, sixteen dealt with non-condom use, one was about early sexarche, and eight combined several risk behaviours. There was predominance of in-person teaching at schools with lectures and varied activities. The sample was predominantly comprised by girls aged between 14 and 16 years old. Certain variability regarding content, technique, number of sessions, duration, locus, and teaching modality and staff was observed in the com-prehensive sex education interventions. Almost all the interventions were effective in reducing risky sexual behaviours; however, two studies failed to achieve a reduction in risky sexual behaviours.
Humanities Education for Engineering Students: Enhancing Soft Skills Development
Authors: Munir Fouzia
Published: January 2025

Engineering is a vital profession in our society as it provides innovative and creative solutions to problems faced by humanity to improve the quality of life. Engineering decisions and designs affect not only humans but they also affect the entire planet. While solving global problems around the world, engineers work with and for diverse people in varied contexts. That is why, in addition to their technical expertise, engineers need knowledge of the humanities. They need soft skills. Soft skills enable engineers to function effectively in teams and to design solutions considering the human perspective. While academics and professionals have acknowledged the importance of soft skills alike, the incorporation of these skills in engineering programmes has been slow. The aim of this study was to enhance the development of soft skills by incorporating literature in the form of a novel, Lord of the Flies, as part of a communication module for engineering undergraduates. The main research question was whether a novel can be useful in promoting soft skills among engineering students. Qualitative and quantitative data, in the form of interviews and a questionnaire, were collected from the students about the value of this novel in enhancing their soft skills. It was found that, as a result of this intervention, they became more aware of these skills and the application of said skills in their daily lives. This study argues for the inclusion of humanities education for engineering students to develop their soft skills and to inspire human values in them.
The Soil Food Web Model as a Diagnostic Tool for Making Sense out of Messy Data: A Case of the Effects of Tillage, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Amendments on Nematodes and Soil Health
Authors: Melakeberhan Haddish , Lartey Isaac , Kakaire Stephen , Maung ZinThuZar
Published: January 2025

Tillage, cover crops (CC) and nutrient amendments are regenerative agricultural practices (RAPs) which enhance desirable ecosystem services (DESs), including the beneficial nematode community structure (BNCS), soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and available nitrogen, and the Ferris et al. soil food web (SFW) model relates changes in the BNCS to biophysicochemical conditions generating DESs. However, the SFW model’s power to identify soil health conditions influencing DESs’ outcomes has been limited. We tested how tillage, winter rye CC, and 0, 112, or 224 kg N/ha from inorganic and compost sources affected the DESs after four years of corn production. The SOM and NO3 was much greater in the no-till than the tilled soil, and the SOM in the 224 kg organic source, compared with the rest of the N rates, was significantly increased. The N recovery was not proportional to what was applied. The variable effects of the RAPs on the DESs suggest either changing or continuing treatments until suitable outcomes are achieved, all without knowing the source(s) of variability. The SFW model revealed primarily resource-limited and structured (Quadrant C) conditions, suggesting that (1) nutrient cycling needs biological activities and (2) the presence of a process-limiting factor may have contributed to the variable results. The impacts of the SFW model as a diagnostic tool are outlined.
“Beyond the Finish Line” the Epidemiology of Injury and Illness in Professional Cycling: Insights from a Year-Long Prospective Study
Authors: Fallon Thomas , Nolan Rory , Peters John , Heron Neil
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Injury and illness rates within cycling are a growing concern for riders, medical personnel, and event organisers. This study is the first to document injury and illness rates in professional cyclists throughout one competitive season including training and racing. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted with 47 professional cyclists (30 males and 17 females) over the 2024 season (1 November 2023–31 October 2024). Injuries and illnesses were defined and recorded following the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus guidelines for injury reporting in sports and its cycling-specific extension. Data collection utilised a centralised online hub, integrating exposure metrics (e.g., training hours and kilometres) and medical records. All data were processed on a Macintosh computer using the Microsoft Office and R statistics packages epi tools, binom.test function, and ggplot. (V.4.3.2, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Ethical approval was obtained from Queens University Belfast, number MHLS 23_175. Results: Fifty-five injury events were logged, with 1.15 (±0.359) locations injured per incidence and 1.57 (±1.06) injury types per incident. The overall combined injury rate for racing was 4.14 (95% CI: 2.65–5.79) per 1000 h of exposure, with the overall combined rate for training being 1.23 (95% CI: 0.8–1.7) per 1000 h. The injury risk ratio (RR) for injury during racing and training for females was 11.10 (95% CI: 2.69–37.60), and the RR for males was 10.24 (95% CI: 3.84–43.06), both indicating there is a significantly higher risk of injury during racing compared to training. Abrasions were the most common injury type, with fractures being the most burdensome injury. The most common illness was upper respiratory, 0.63 (95% CI: 0.27–0.99) per year for males and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.64–1.59) per year for females. Saddle sores were the second most common at 0.20 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.36) per year for males and 0.08 (95% CI: 0–0.18) per year for females. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive, season-long surveillance data for injuries and illnesses in male and female professional road cycling, highlighting the significant differences in injury profiles between racing and training. These results underscore the need for targeted injury prevention strategies and the establishment of a standardised injury and illness framework for professional cycling.
Emerging and Persistent Contaminants in a Remote Coastal Stream System: Five Priority Compounds in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lee Theodora H. Y. , Duangnamon Decha , Boontha Teppitag , Webster Richard D. , Ziegler Alan D.
Published: January 2025

This study is a preliminary assessment of the emerging and persistent contaminants (EPCs) in the ecologically sensitive Kamphuan Stream in Southern Thailand. The analysis of 15 compounds revealed that EPC concentrations below the main community were significantly elevated during the rainy season, with the highest levels found for sucralose (9070 ng/L), metformin (6250 ng/L), fexofenadine (5110 ng/L), and gabapentin (3060 ng/L). These spatiotemporal patterns highlight the episodic nature of contamination driven by urban stormwater runoff, where rainfall events create temporary pathways that transport EPCs to streams draining into coastal ecosystems. Maximum concentrations of three pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, gemfibrozil, and ibuprofen), as well as sucralose, caffeine, and fenobucarb, exceeded the general predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for marine or fresh waters; however, these concentrations were not persistent. Limited sampling across three campaigns constrained the ability to fully characterize the dynamics of this issue through statistical inference. Furthermore, risk assessments were constrained by the absence of locally derived PNECs for tropical ecosystems and organisms, along with limited standardization in PNEC determination methodologies, making definitive conclusions challenging. A comparative analysis of five priority compounds (diclofenac, gemfibrozil, metformin, naproxen, and fluoxetine) against existing data from East and Southeast Asia underscores the need for further research in Southeast Asia to evaluate the ecological risks posed by EPCs across diverse rivers and streams. Future studies should focus on the contaminants of greatest ecological importance, investigate their transformation products, identify sources and transport pathways, and assess their environmental risks to aquatic ecosystems.
Space Syntax Analysis of Gated Communities in Jordan: Examining Urban Connectivity and Social Impact
Authors: Hammad Ahmed , Li Mengbi , Vrcelj Zora
Published: January 2025

The trend of gated communities is becoming the new alternative housing for the high-end residents of Jordan, reflecting global patterns of urbanisation. However, their emergence on the outskirts of Amman on vacant lands requires an early proactive planning approach to ensure their development in response to the growth of the surrounding areas, fostering an integrated urban fabric. This article examines whether gated communities contribute to urban discontinuity and lead to social segregation. The study employs a space syntax analysis on two cases in Amman to assess their integration, accessibility, and navigability to address the study’s key questions related to its integration, design implications, and spatial layout. Findings reveal significant spatial segregation, with low levels of integration and high step depth values, indicating potential challenges in navigation, connectivity, residents’ mobility, accessibility, and safety. The article suggests the importance of re-evaluating the design and planning approaches for these developments to promote organic townscape growth to ensure smooth integration with the surroundings.
Renewable Energy Community Sizing Based on Stochastic Optimization and Unsupervised Clustering
Authors: Budin Luka , Delimar Marko
Published: January 2025

Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) are emerging as significant in the global paradigm shift towards a smart and sustainable energy environment. By empowering energy consumers to actively participate in local energy generation, and sharing, using renewable energy sources, energy storage, and flexible loads, REC participants can reduce costs, and also contribute to low-carbon objectives, providing the flexibility needed to address modern smart grid challenges. This article presents a mixed integer linear programming model for optimal sizing of the solar PVs and battery energy storage systems (BESS) of REC participants who engage in P2P energy exchange. The model is formulated using a two-stage stochastic optimization to address load and PV uncertainty, and unsupervised clustering to structure the data for the stochastic optimization process. The model enables sizing solar PVs for different rooftop geometries and the objective function includes comprehensively defined electricity, operational, and scaled investment costs for solar PV and BESS, where economic fairness constraints are analyzed and implemented. The model is validated on real solar and atmospheric measured data from Zagreb, Croatia, and publicly available household consumption data from Northern Germany. The article also analyzes how tariff models, and electricity prices affect PV and BESS sizes, cost reductions, and P2P energy exchange for different REC participants with varying consumption and production profiles.
Radial Artery Used as Conduit for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Nassif Aubin , Schoell Thibaut , Acar Christophe
Published: January 2025

It was in 1989 that we first reported on the use of the radial artery (RA) as a secondary arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Nevertheless, discrepancies in clinical endpoints between the RA and alternative conduits have been reported in consecutive randomised trials. With over fifty years of accumulated practice in RA bypass grafting, we sought to identify the second-best option for CABG by reviewing the literature. A consistently successful second-best conduit for CABG has been demonstrated using the radial artery. Compared to saphenous vein grafts, the findings indicate improved outcomes and better patency results. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective conduit in the territory of the right coronary artery. The lack of available literature and the scarcity of similar case series restrict the application of the gastroepiploic artery. After five decades of utilisation, it can be unequivocally stated that the radial artery is the optimal conduit for coronary bypass surgery following the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery.
Towards Transparent AI in Medicine: ECG-Based Arrhythmia Detection with Explainable Deep Learning
Authors: Kovalchuk Oleksii , Barmak Oleksandr , Radiuk Pavlo , Klymenko Liliana , Krak Iurii
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, highlighting the need for accurate diagnostic tools. To address this issue, we introduce a novel approach for arrhythmia detection based on electrocardiogram (ECG) that incorporates explainable artificial intelligence through three key methods. First, we developed an enhanced R peak detection method that integrates domain-specific knowledge into the ECG, improving peak identification accuracy by accounting for the characteristic features of R peaks. Second, we proposed an arrhythmia classification method utilizing a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture with additional convolutional and batch normalization layers. This model processes a triad of cardio cycles—the preceding, current, and following cycles—to capture temporal dependencies and hidden features related to arrhythmias. Third, we implemented an interpretation method that explains CNN’s decisions using clinically relevant features, making the results understandable to clinicians. Using the MIT-BIH database, our approach achieved an accuracy of 99.43%, with F1-scores approaching 100% for major arrhythmia classes. The integration of these methods enhances both the performance and transparency of arrhythmia detection systems.
A Comparison of the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever with Dengue and COVID-19 in Hospitalized Children, Sonora, México, 2015–2022
Authors: Álvarez-Hernández Gerardo , Rivera-Rosas Cristian Noé , Calleja-López Jesús René Tadeo , Álvarez-Meza Jehan Bonizú , Candia-Plata Maria del Carmen , Cruz-Loustaunau Denica , Alvídrez-Labrado Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a challenge for physicians because the disease can mimic other endemic febrile illnesses, such as dengue and COVID-19. The comparison of their main clinical and epidemiological manifestations in hospitalized children can help identify characteristics that improve empirical suspicion and timely therapeutic interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a series of patients aged 0 to 18 years, hospitalized between 2015 and 2022, with a diagnosis of RMSF, dengue, or COVID-19. Data were retrieved from medical records. Subjects were categorized as patients with RMSF (group I) and patients with dengue and COVID-19 (group II). Descriptive statistics were used, and differences were evaluated using Student’s t-test and the chi-squared test. Results: A series of 305 subjects were studied, with 252 (82.6%) in group I. Subjects in both groups presented fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and rash, but exposure to ticks distinguished group I. The fatality rate (21.0%) in group I was higher than in group II (3.8%). Conclusions: Although fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and rash are common in all three illnesses, they are more prevalent in hospitalized patients with RMSF. In the presence of such symptoms, a history of tick exposure can guide clinical decisions in regions where all three diseases are endemic.
Selected Mechanisms of Action of Bacteriophages in Bacterial Infections in Animals
Authors: Urban-Chmiel Renata , Pyzik Ewelina
Published: January 2025

Bacteriophages, as ubiquitous bacterial viruses in various natural ecosystems, play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the natural microbiota. For many years, bacteriophages were not believed to act on eukaryotic cells; however, recent studies have confirmed their ability to affect eukaryotic cells and interact with the host immune system. Due to their complex protein structure, phages can also directly or indirectly modulate immune processes, including innate immunity, by modulating phagocytosis and cytokine reactions, as well as acquired immunity, by producing antibodies and activating effector cells. They can therefore have a profound impact on the course of bacterial infections by stimulating and at the same time inhibiting the systemic pro-inflammatory response. This review article presents a characterization of the processes by which bacteriophages affect selected immune mechanisms in selected animal species. The results of our own experiments using calves are also presented as examples. The paper contains many new examples of potential uses of bacteriophages and their effects on eukaryotic cells, especially in the course of bacterial infections, which are extremely important in experimental treatments exploiting phages as alternatives to antibiotics. The positive results of the effects of bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells during infections open up promising new prospects for their use as natural tools in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases in animals and humans.
Strategic and Technical Considerations in Manufacturing Viral Vector Vaccines for the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority Threats
Authors: Parish Lindsay A. , Rele Shyam , Hofmeyer Kimberly A. , Luck Brooke B. , Wolfe Daniel N.
Published: January 2025

Over the past few decades, the world has seen a considerable uptick in the number of new and emerging infectious disease outbreaks. The development of new vaccines, vaccine technologies, and platforms are critical to enhance our preparedness for biological threats and prevent future pandemics. Viral vectors can be an important tool in the repertoire of technologies available to develop effective vaccines against new and emerging infectious diseases. In many instances, vaccines may be needed in a reactive scenario, requiring technologies than can elicit rapid and robust immune responses with a single dose. Here, we discuss how viral vector vaccines are utilized in a vaccine portfolio for priority biological threats, some of the challenges in manufacturing viral vector vaccines, the need to strengthen live virus manufacturing capabilities, and future opportunities to capitalize on the use of viral vectors to improve the sustainability of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority’s vaccine portfolio.
IFN-γ/TNF-α Synergism Induces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production by In Vitro Canine Keratinocytes
Authors: Jung Kyungsook , Ku Ji-Yeong , Kwon Je-Seong , Won Gayeon , Yoon Hakyoung , Oh Sang-Ik , Kim Mi Hye , Kim Chongchan , Yoon Ji-Seon
Published: January 2025

Activated keratinocytes play a crucial role in skin inflammation through the production of multiple inflammatory mediators; however, little is known about cytokine secretion by activated keratinocytes in dogs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Th1 and Th2 types of cytokines on the production of keratinocyte-derived inflammatory mediators. Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEKs) were incubated with canine recombinant IL-4, IL-13, an IL4/IL13 mixture, IFN-γ, TNF-α, or an IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture for 24 h following 100% confluency. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine concentration, including chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-12, and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CPEKs incubated with the IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture showed significantly increased IL-6 concentration. In addition, significantly increased concentrations of CXCL8 were detected in CPEKs incubated with TNF-α and with the IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture. CCL2 concentrations increased in cells incubated with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and the IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture. The IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture synergistically enhanced CCL2 production. Dose-dependent elevations were also observed in IL-6 in response to the IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture, and in CCL2 in response to IFN-γ, TNF-α, and the IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture. These findings indicate that IFN-γ and TNF-α synergistically increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secreted by canine keratinocytes. This in vitro culture system could be useful to investigate cytokine-mediated crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells and new therapeutic strategies for keratinocyte-mediated inflammatory skin diseases.
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Induced Respiratory Disease in Dezhou Donkey Foals: Case Study from China, 2024
Authors: Ruan Lian , Li Liangliang , Yang Rongze , You Anrong , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Yu Yue , Chen Li , Li Yubao , Liu Guiqin , Wang Changfa , Wang Tongtong
Published: January 2025

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a significant pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the equine industry worldwide, which leads to severe respiratory diseases and abortions in horses. However, reports of EHV-1 infection in donkeys are limited, particularly in China. This case study reported an EHV-1-induced respiratory disease in Dezhou donkey foals in Shandong Province, China, in July 2024. Three one-month-old foals exhibited high fever, nasal discharge, and respiratory distress, with a 100% mortality rate. The causative agent, strain LC126, was isolated from a one-month-old donkey foal exhibiting severe respiratory disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the EHV-1 isolate LC126 showed close similarity to EHV-1. Overall, our study revealed that EHV-1 can cause respiratory distress as well as death in donkeys. The study underscores the emerging threat of EHV-1 in donkeys and highlights the need for veterinarians and breeders to give proper attention to the potential threat of EHV-1 outbreaks.
Generalised Additive Model-Based Regional Flood Frequency Analysis: Parameter Regression Technique Using Generalised Extreme Value Distribution
Authors: Rima Laura , Haddad Khaled , Rahman Ataur
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effectiveness of Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) and log-log linear models for estimating the parameters of the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution, which are then used to estimate flood quantiles in ungauged catchments. This is known as the parameter regression technique (PRT). Using data from 88 gauged catchments in New South Wales, Australia, flood quantiles were estimated for various annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of 50%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, and 1%, corresponding to return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years, denoted by Q2, Q5, Q10, Q20, Q50, and Q100, respectively. These flood quantiles were then used as dependent variables, while several catchment characteristics served as independent variables in the regression. GAMs were employed to capture non-linearities in flood generation processes. This study evaluates different GAMs and log-log linear models, identifying the best ones based on significant predictors and various statistical metrics using a leave-one-out (LOO) validation approach. The results indicate that GAMs provide more accurate and reliable predictions of flood quantiles compared to the log-log linear models, demonstrating better performance in capturing observed values across different quantiles. The absolute median relative error percentage (REr%) ranges from 33% to 39% for the GAMs and from 36% to 45% for the log-log models. GAMs demonstrate better performance compared to the log-log linear models for quantiles Q2, Q5, Q10, Q20, and Q50; however, their performances appear to be similar for Q100.
Groundwater Recharge Evaluation Using Stable Isotopes and the NETPATH Model in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Masoud Milad , El Osta Maged , Al-Amri Nassir , Niyazi Burhan , Alqarawy Abdulaziz , Halawani Riyadh , Rashed Mohamed
Published: January 2025

In this study, hydrogeochemistry and environmentally stable isotopes were employed to examine the processes involved in recharging aquifer systems and the changes in the groundwater chemistry caused by the interaction between the water and the aquifer matrix. Based on data derived from 113 groundwater wells, various tools and techniques, including stable environmental isotopes Oxygen-18 and Deuterium (δ18O and δD) for 33 samples and geochemical modeling with NETPATH, were used to evaluate the recharge mechanism and the evolution of the groundwater, combining GIS with hydrological and hydrochemical methods. The results revealed that groundwater from the Quaternary was the main source for irrigation; the water quality was categorized as relatively fresh to saline, with the total dissolved solids (TDSs) ranging from 261.3 to 8628.56 mg/L, exhibiting an average value of 2311.68 mg/L. The results of the environmental isotope analysis showed that the range of oxygen δ18O isotopes in the groundwater was from −5.65‰ to +0.39‰, while the range of hydrogen δD isotopes was from −32.60‰ to 4.73‰. Moreover, the δ18O–δD relationship indicated that the groundwater samples fell around the global meteoric precipitation line, showing a strong relationship, with a coefficient (R2) of approximately 0.82. The NETPATH model revealed that the dissolved chemical species within the groundwater system primarily originated from processes such as mineral weathering and dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation.
Ultrafiltration of Car Wash Wastewater: Pilot-Scale Studies
Authors: Tomczak Wirginia , Woźniak Piotr , Gryta Marek
Published: January 2025

Currently, the world faces serious challenges in meeting the growing demand for clean water. The present paper demonstrates the possibility of using the ultrafiltration (UF) process to reuse water from wastewater generated in car washes. Car washes commonly use foaming agents with dyes, which, although they are not necessary for washing cars, may hinder water reuse. For this reason, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the dyes present in car wash wastewater on the membrane fouling intensity. For this purpose, experimental tests were conducted with the application of a pilot plant with an industrial PCI B1 membrane module. The module was equipped with tubular FP100 (100 kDa) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. For the feed, two types of cleaning agents and synthetic wastewater were used. The results obtained in the current study demonstrated that the UF membranes allowed the obtainment of the permeate characterized by high quality. In addition, it has been shown that the presence of Indigo carmine dye in the wastewater led to an increase in the fouling intensity. To sum up, it should be pointed out that the findings presented in the current study may be of key importance in the design of pilot installations used for the treatment of car wash wastewater.
Legal and organizational aspects of providing anonymous medical care to narcological patients
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volga Region Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Smirnova V.I. , Eruslankin N.I. ,   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Nizhny Novgorod region «Nizhny Novgorod Regional Narcological Dispensary», Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: January 2025

Novelties in healthcare legislation, on the one hand, dictate new opportunities, and on the other
hand, generate a number of legal and practical issues.
This article touches on one of the most relevant topics today, namely the realization of patients’ rights to anonymity. Back in 2016, Kadyrov F. N. noted that «paid medical services on an anonymous basis, despite
the fact that it is legally declared, cannot be provided, since legally this issue has not been sufficiently
regulated» [1].
The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of realizing the rights of patients to receive anonymous
medical care (hereinafter — MP).
To achieve this goal, the authors paid special attention to the already proven mechanism of anonymous
provision of MP in drug treatment facilities, analyzing it from the perspective of legal regulation and
application in practical healthcare.
Formation of personal and situational anxiety in medical workers under stressful working conditions
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russia, Babanov S. A. , Ostryakova N. A. ,   SBHI Sanatorium Sochinsky of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Sochi, Russia, Lysova M. V. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russia, Chuykova O. A. ,   SBHI SR Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Russia, Babanov A. S. ,   Private Institution Educational Organization of Higher Education Medical University Reaviz, Samara, Russia
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative psychological impact on doctors,
radically restructuring their standard work routine, which provoked an increased level of psychological discomfort and occupational stress [1, 2]. The professional activity of a medical worker is
always, and especially during epidemic outbreaks of dangerous infections, associated with issues
of “life and death”, which determine a high degree of responsibility for a patient in a serious condition,
defined as the degree of risk of developing emotional burnout [3, 4, 5]. It has been proven
that a decrease in quality of life due to occupational stress and changes in the work stereotype of
doctors and paramedics leads to a significant decline in physical and psychological comfort both in
the working environment and in private life [6, 7, 8].
Neurobiological mechanisms of formation of generalized anxiety disorder (literature review)
Authors:   FSBEI HE Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Vasiliev R. V. , Khmeleva A. A. ,   FSBEI HE Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Bontsevich R. A. ,   FSBEI HE Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, FSAEI HE Belgorod National Research University, Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Published: January 2025

This article examines the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD). The studies have shown that patients with GAD exhibit altered
activity in certain brain structures, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus,
anterior cingulate cor tex, and insula.
Differences in the structure and prevalence of oral mucosal diseases across age groups
Authors: Kudryavtseva T. V. , Kuchumova E. D. , Tachalov V. V. , Orekhova L. Yu. , Silina E. S. , Ermaeva S. S. , Loboda E. S.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. In the Russian Federation, the population is witnessing a notable increase in the absolute number and proportion of elderly and senile individuals. Aging is recognized as a complex process involving multiple functional transformations in tissues and organs, often accompanied by a decline in the body’s adaptive capacities. With the growing proportion of older adults, the demand for dental care has significantly increased. Internal organ pathologies can alter the presentation of existing dental diseases or serve as triggers for the onset of oral conditions. A steady rise in oral mucosal diseases has been observed, linked to aging, environmental issues in specific regions, harmful habits, occupational hazards, and a tendency toward malignant transformation. Despite existing literature, the structure and prevalence of oral diseases, particularly mucosal pathologies in individuals over 60 years of age, remain underexplored. A personalized approach to diagnosing oral mucosal diseases (OMD) requires a comprehensive assessment of the clinical progression of primary, comorbid, and past conditions, while accounting for the patient’s age and sex.

Materials and Methods. A primary examination was conducted at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and Periodontology of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University to identify oral mucosal lesions. The study included 512 patients aged 18 to 89 years, comprising 167 men and 345 women. The assessment involved gathering patient complaints, medical histories, and general health status based on consultations with medical specialists. Visual evaluation of the oral mucosa was performed, along with autofluorescent stomatoscopy using the "AFS-D" device (Politron, Russia).

Results. The study revealed a high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the adult population. Lesions were observed in 40.8% of the 512 patients, with their frequency and types varying by age and sex. The most common conditions included denture-related stomatitis, traumatic lesions, periodontal diseases, and leukoplakia.

Conclusion. The analysis of data from primary patient examinations demonstrated a significant increase in oral mucosal lesions with age. While periodontal diseases and traumatic lesions were more prevalent in younger individuals, older adults showed a rise in oral mucosal conditions associated with internal organ pathologies. Additionally, there was a notable increase in precancerous oral mucosal diseases among elderly and senile patients
Proprietary surgical approach to the treatment of large radicular cyst with retrograde filling of resected root canals: a clinical case report
Authors: Musienko A. I. , Nesterova K. I. , Mikhailovsky S. G. , Musienko I. S. , Lipatova A. V.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Radicular cysts account for 86% of all odontogenic cysts. Recurrence rates following cystotomy and cystectomy range from 18% to 36%, and in some cases, up to 55%. The primary causes include incomplete removal of pathological tissues, damage to adjacent anatomical structures, insufficient pathogen eradication, and inadequate bone tissue regeneration.

Clinical case description. This paper presents a clinical case of a large radicular cyst affecting teeth 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 of the mandible. The treatment process was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, endodontic treatment was performed on the affected teeth. Seven days after the exudation subsided, the second stage involved filling the canals with a fast-setting material (FSM) Rootdent SM DMT as a sealer, followed by the placement of silver pins. Three hours after completing the endodontic treatment, a cystectomy was performed using a proprietary method that combined guided tissue regeneration, apical resection of the affected teeth, and retrograde filling of their root canals with FSM. A one-year follow-up showed full recovery, including complete bone regeneration and no gingival scarring.

Conclusion. The proposed treatment strategy for large radicular cysts has the potential to greatly minimize the need for extracting the affected teeth.