bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMR study and superposition model analysis of Cr3+ and Fe3+ impurity ions in mullite powders used in aerospace industry
Authors: Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Rogalska Iwona
Published: August 2015

In this work, the electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectra of the mullites powders were measured for different grain sizes (0.07 and 0.12 mm). We have used EMR spectroscopy at X-band, combined with superposition model (SPM) calculations to reveal electronic structure and establish correlations between structure, and surroundings of these complexes.
The MAS NMR study of solid solutions based on the YAG crystal
Authors: Padlyak Bohdan V. , Sergeev Nikolaj A. , Olszewski Marcin , Stępień Piotr
Published: August 2015

An 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of nominally pure and Cr-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12 and Y3Al5O12:Cr) crystals is reported. It has been shown that the doping by Cr of the Y3Al5O12 crystals leads to the variation of the occupation by Al atoms both octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated sites of the garnet lattice.
Magnetic transformation in Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloy
Authors: Kuzma Marian , Maziarz Wojciech , Stefaniuk Ireneusz
Published: August 2015

Magnetic properties of a Ni50Mn35.5In14.5 Heusler ribbon were studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range of 335–100 K. In the temperature region of 265–170 K, the FMR signal disappeared, in spite of the fact that this region comprised the main crystal transformation temperatures: Ms
, Mf
, As
, Af
. In the austenite crystal state, a weak antiferromagnetic interaction was observed, whereas ferromagnetism was detected in the low temperature martensitic state.
Impact of humic acids on EYL liposome membranes: ESR method
Authors: Pytel Barbara , Filipiak Aneta , Pisarek Izabella , Olchawa Ryszard , Man Dariusz
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the effects of model (commercial) and natural (extracted from peat) humic substances on the membrane of liposomes formed with egg yolk lecithin (EYL) are presented. In our research, mass concentrations of fulvic and humic acids were used, which in relation to lecithin varied from 0% to 13%. To study membrane fluidity, electron spin resonance (EPR) was used with two spin probes, penetrating various regions of the lipid bilayer. The effects of model and natural humic substances (humic acids – HAs and fulvic acids – FAs) on the lipid membrane in different regions were researched: the lipid-water interphase, and in the middle of the lipid bilayer. It was shown that FA and HA impact the fluidity of liposome membranes in different ways. Increased mass concentrations of HAs decreased membrane fluidity in both acids: extracted from peat and the model. However, increased mass concentration of FAs extracted from peat, decreased membrane fluidity in the surface region, at the same time stiffening the central part of the bilayer. Increasing the concentration of FAs extracted from peat had the opposite effect when compared to model FA. This effect may be related to the complexation of xenobiotics present in the soil environment and their impact on biological membranes.
Oxidative stability of the lipid fraction in cookies – the EPR study
Authors: Zawada Katarzyna , Kozłowska Mariola , Żbikowska Anna
Published: August 2015

Cookies are a group of convenient food products that are popular among consumers. They may contain high amounts of fats, which can be prone to oxidation. To retard the oxidative deterioration, synthetic and natural antioxidants may be added. Herb and spice extracts can be sources of natural biologically active substances with antioxidant activity. In this work, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the lipid oxidation in cookies with rosemary and thyme extracts subjected to the storage in elevated temperature. It was shown that thyme extract can be used as a natural antioxidant source for the preparation of bakery products, while the rosemary extract should be used with care in fat-rich products exposed to high temperatures.
Effect of UV irradiation on free radicals in synthetic melanin and melanin biopolymer from Sepia officinalis – EPR examination
Authors: Zdybel Magdalena , Pilawa Barbara
Published: August 2015

Free radicals in synthetic melanin and melanin from Sepia officinalis were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The effect of time of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on free radicals in these melanins was tested. The samples were exposed to UV during 15, 30, and 60 minutes. EPR spectra were measured with microwaves from an X-band (9.3 GHz) in the range of microwave power of 2.2–70 mW. The performed EPR examinations indicate that high concentrations (~1021–1022 spin/g) of o-semiquinone free radicals with g factors of 2.0039–2.0045 exist in all the tested samples. For nonirradiated samples, free radical concentration was higher in natural melanin than in synthetic melanin. UV irradiation caused the increase of free radical concentrations in synthetic melanin samples and this effect depends on the time of irradiation. The largest free radical formation in the both melanins was obtained for 60 min of UV irradiation. Free radical concentrations after the UV irradiation of melanins during 30 min were lower than during irradiation by 15 min, and probably this effect was the result of recombination of the radiatively formed free radicals. EPR lines of the tested samples broadened with increasing microwave power, so these lines were homogeneously broadened. The two types of melanins differed in the time of spin-lattice relaxation processes. Slower spin-lattice relaxation processes exist in melanin from Sepia officinalis than in synthetic melanin. UV irradiation did not change the time of spin-lattice relaxation processes in the tested melanins. The performed studies confirmed the usefulness of EPR spectroscopy in cosmetology and medicine.
A Monte Carlo study on dose enhancement and photon contamination production by various nanoparticles in electron mode of a medical linac
Authors: Toossi Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni , Ghorbani Mahdi , Sabet Leila Sobhkhiz , Akbari Fateme , Mehrpouyan Mohammad
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study is the evaluation of electron dose enhancement and photon contamination production by various nanoparticles in the electron mode of a medical linac. MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used for simulation of Siemens Primus linac as well as a phantom and a tumor loaded with nanoparticles. Electron dose enhancement by Au, Ag, I and Fe2O3 nanoparticles of 7, 18 and 30 mg/ml concentrations for 8, 12 and 14 MeV electrons was calculated. The increase in photon contamination due to the presence of the nanoparticles was evaluated as well. The above effects were evaluated for 500 keV and 10 keV energy cut-offs defined for electrons and photons. For 500 keV energy cut-off, there was no significant electron dose enhancement. However, for 10 keV energy cut-off, a maximum electron dose enhancement factor of 1.08 was observed for 30 mg/ml of gold nanoparticles with 8 MeV electrons. An increase in photon contamination due to nanoparticles was also observed which existed mainly inside the tumor. A maximum photon dose increase factor of 1.07 was observed inside the tumor with Au nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be used for the enhancement of electron dose in the electron mode of a linac. Lower energy electron beams, and nanoparticles with higher atomic number, can be of greater benefit in this field. Photons originating from nanoparticles will increase the photon dose inside the tumor, and will be an additional advantage of the use of nanoparticles in radiotherapy with electron beams.
Morphological Diversity of Phomopsis vaccinii Isolates from Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) in Latvia
Authors: Vilka Liga , Volkova Julija
Published: August 2015

Phomopsis vaccinii cause a serious disease of blueberry, cranberry and other Vaccinium crops in the North America and Europe as well. Over 1000 species names are described by Phomopsis spp., but their biology and life style are mostly unknown. Identification of P. vaccinii by methods of classical phytopathology is difficult and complicate, because many species are morphologically similar to P. vaccinii, and P. vaccinii itself has diverse patterns of colony morphology. For this investigation P. vaccinii isolates were obtained from five cranberry plantations in different locations of Latvia (Babite, Alsunga, Rucava, Ape and Pargauja municipality) from berries affected by viscid rot at harvest and storage in 2010. Altogether 44 P. vaccinii isolates were cultivated on potato dextrose agar for description of colony morphology. In order to find some relationships between samples, the isolates were arranged in different groups on the basis of mycelium color and structure (zoning), reverse pigmentation, pycnidium formation time, size, location, number and size of conidia. During this study the colonies of P. vaccinii from cranberry in Latvia showed different morphological features in culture and no relationships between growing regions and groups of isolates were found. P. vaccinii is easy to confuse with other Phomopsis species if only classical phytopathological methods are used.
Application Perspectives of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) Estimated by the Hemiview System in Forestry
Authors: Sidabras Nerijus , Augustaitis Algirdas
Published: August 2015

Leaf area index (LAI) is widely used to describe the main characteristics of forest stands such as cover intensity at different forest levels from moss to tree as well as main stand dendrometric parameters. Hemispherical canopy photograph was used for analyzing quality and quantity of coniferous forest in Aukstaitija national park. Different sampling systems from single plots to aggregating them into stands allowed assessing significance of LAI detected by the HemiView system in forestry without special preparation. The obtained data revealed that the use of hemispheric photograph for LAI estimation in multi-aged and multi-layered mature and over mature pine and spruce stands was rather problematic. Only cover intensity of understory vegetation (grasses and mosses) was reflected best. In pure pine stands LAI also significantly reflected spatial changes in cover intensity of shrubs, grasses and mosses levels and in addition - spatial changes in main dendrometric stand parameters. Key findings - significant relationships between LAI detected in November and pine needle litterfall over September-October. It allowed detecting significance of LAI in mass balance of the main nutritional and contaminant components calculations. LAI increase by 1 m2 m−2 increased total litterfall amount by 1.7 t ha−1 in a pure mature pine forest. The obtained results indicated good perspectives of LAI detected by HemiView system in forestry even without special their preparation.
Numerical simulation of strain rate effect on the inelastic behavior of metal matrix composites
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhai Zhi , Zhu Xiaojun , Xu Caibin , Chen Xuefeng
Published: August 2015

The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the combined effects of strain rate and microscopic parameters (fiber off-axis orientation, array pattern and cross-sectional shape) on the mechanical behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs). To this end, a rate-dependent micromechanical model by the combination of finite-volume theory and Bodner-Partom viscoplastic model is developed to analyze the inelastic response of MMCs. In the simulations, the fibers are modeled as linearly elastic while the metal matrix exhibits viscoplasticity. The macroscopic stress-strain response, local stress and strain fields are obtained simultaneously. An acceptable agreement has been found between the model’s prediction and finite-element results, which demonstrates the good predictive capabilities of the proposed method. It is concluded that the composite response is strongly affected by strain rate, fiber array pattern and cross-sectional shape in the elastic-plastic region but to a lesser extent in the elastic region. Furthermore, the clustering array provides stiffer response than random and square ones; the square fiber predicts stiffer response than circular and elliptical ones. However, increasing the strain rate will weaken the influence of clustering array and square fibers.
Historical archaeologies of spatial practices and power
Authors: Walz Jonathan
Published: August 2015

Archaeologists who employ regional landscapes as an organising principle tend to be more concerned about how landscapes—natural, built and imagined—reflect cultural values than how landscapes shape human relations and community perspectives. As the authors of these two volumes skilfully demonstrate, communities deploy landscapes to materialise, and even to naturalise, claims to political authority and power. They reveal how the study of landscape at multiple scales spurs narratives and counter-narratives about how people experience the world and vie for control of it. Together, J. Cameron Monroe and James Delle advance the inherent possibilities of space and scale in historical archaeology.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Scarre Chris
Published: August 2015

In a famous and oft-quoted passage, the Greek historian Herodotus tells us of a curious custom concerning the Scythians, the peoples inhabiting the steppe lands north of the Black Sea. After burying their dead, they purify themselves in a makeshift tent: “when they have set up three pieces of wood leaning against each other, they extend around them woollen cloths; and having joined them together as closely as possible, they throw red-hot stones into a vessel placed in the middle [. . .] They have a sort of hemp growing in this country, very like flax, except in thickness and height: [. . .] When therefore the Scythians have taken some seed of this hemp, they creep under the cloths, and then put the seed on the red-hot stones; but this being put on, smokes, and produces such a steam that no Greek vapour-bath would surpass it. The Scythians, transported with the vapour, shout aloud; and this serves them instead of washing, for they never bathe the body in water” (Herodotus 4.73–75).
Cancer: leaping the E‐cadherin hurdle
Authors: Chen George T , Waterman Marian L
Published: August 2015

Aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a common cause of colon cancer and other tumor types, accomplishing many of the hallmarks of cancer including sustained proliferative signaling, replicative immortality, reprogrammed metabolism, angiogenesis, and invasion. Yet, the dominant mutation that leads to chronic Wnt signaling in colon cancer is quite different from the spectrum of mutations that activate Wnt signaling in other tumor types. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Huels et al () focus on the influential role E‐cadherin plays in shaping these differences.
Analysis of Polygenic Mutants Suggests a Role for Mediator in Regulating Transcriptional Activation Distance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Reavey Caitlin T , Hickman Mark J , Dobi Krista C , Botstein David , Winston Fred
Published: August 2015

Studies of natural populations of many organisms have shown that traits are often complex, caused by contributions of mutations in multiple genes. In contrast, genetic studies in the laboratory primarily focus on studying the phenotypes caused by mutations in a single gene. However, the single mutation approach may be limited with respect to the breadth and degree of new phenotypes that can be found. We have taken the approach of isolating complex, or polygenic mutants in the lab to study the regulation of transcriptional activation distance in yeast. While most aspects of eukaryotic transcription are conserved from yeast to human, transcriptional activation distance is not. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the upstream activating sequence (UAS) is generally found within 450 base pairs of the transcription start site (TSS) and when the UAS is moved too far away, activation no longer occurs. In contrast, metazoan enhancers can activate from as far as several hundred kilobases from the TSS. Previously, we identified single mutations that allow transcription activation to occur at a greater-than-normal distance from the GAL1 UAS. As the single mutant phenotypes were weak, we have now isolated polygenic mutants that possess strong long-distance phenotypes. By identification of the causative mutations we have accounted for most of the heritability of the phenotype in each strain and have provided evidence that the Mediator coactivator complex plays both positive and negative roles in the regulation of transcription activation distance.
Eye Protection and Risk of Eye Injuries in High School Field Hockey
Authors: Kriz Peter K. , Zurakowski David , Almquist Jon L. , Reynolds John , Ruggieri Danielle , Collins Christy L. , d’Hemecourt Pierre A. , Comstock R. Dawn
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To determine if injury rates among female field hockey players differ before and after implementation of a national mandate for protective eyewear (MPE).

METHODS:

We analyzed girls’ field hockey exposure and injury data collected from national (High School Reporting Information Online [RIO]) and regional (Fairfax County Public Schools) high school sports injury databases in 2 seasons before (2009/10 and 2010/11) and 2 seasons after (2011/12 and 2012/13) a national MPE.

RESULTS:

The incidence of eye/orbital injuries was significantly higher in states without MPE (0.080 injuries per 1000 athletic exposures [AEs]) than in states with MPE (before the 2011/12 mandate) and the postmandate group (0.025 injuries per 1000 AEs) (odds ratio 3.20, 95% confidence interval 1.47–6.99, P = .003). There was no significant difference in concussion rates for the 2 groups (odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.58–1.02, P = .068). After the 2011/12 MPE, severe eye/orbital injuries (time loss >21 days) were reduced by 67%, and severe/medical disqualification head/face injuries were reduced by 70%. Concussion rates for field hockey (0.335 per 1000 AEs) rank third among girls’ sports included in the High School RIO surveillance program.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among female high school field hockey players, MPE is associated with a reduced incidence of eye/orbital injuries and fewer severe eye/orbital and head/face injuries. Concussion rates did not change as a result of the national MPE. Concussion remains the most common injury involving the head and face among female field hockey players, prompting further inquiry into potential effects of adopting protective headgear/helmets.
Safety and Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Preterm Infants: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kotecha Sarah J. , Adappa Roshan , Gupta Nakul , Watkins W. John , Kotecha Sailesh , Chakraborty Mallinath
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

High-flow therapy is the most recent, and popular, mode of respiratory support in neonates. However, the evidence supporting its efficacy and safety has not yet been established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing efficacy and safety of high-flow therapy compared with other modes of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in preterm infants.

METHODS:

Articles were indexed by using Medline, Embase, Scopus, OpenSIGLE, Health Management Information Consortium, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials involving preterm infants, comparing high-flow therapy with other modes of NIV, and reporting extractable data on relevant outcomes, were selected. Data on efficacy, safety, and other common neonatal outcomes were extracted on predesigned forms.

RESULTS:

In this analysis, we included 1112 preterm infants, participating in 9 clinical trials. High-flow therapy was similar in efficacy to other modes of NIV in preterm infants when used as primary support (odds ratio of failure of therapy, 1.02 [95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 1.88]), as well as after extubation (1.09 [0.58 to 2.02]). There were no significant differences in odds of death (0.48 [0.18 to 1.24]) between the groups. Preterm infants supported on high-flow had significantly lower odds of nasal trauma (0.13 [0.02 to 0.69]).

CONCLUSIONS:

High-flow therapy appears to be similar in efficacy and safety to other conventional modes of NIV in preterm infants. It is associated with significantly lower odds of nasal trauma. Caution needs to be exercised in extreme preterm infants because of the paucity of published data.
Infection-Related Hospitalization in Childhood and Adult Metabolic Outcomes
Authors: Burgner David P. , Sabin Matthew A. , Magnussen Costan G. , Cheung Michael , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Jokinen Eero , Laitinen Tomi , Taittonen Leena , Tossavainen Päivi , Dwyer Terence , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Raitakari Olli T. , Juonala Markus
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Identifying childhood determinants of adult cardiometabolic disease would facilitate early-life interventions. There are few longitudinal data on the contribution of childhood infections. Therefore, we investigated whether hospitalization with childhood infection is associated with adult anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in a large, well-phenotyped longitudinal cohort.

METHODS:

A total of 1376 subjects from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, aged 3 to 9 years at baseline (1980), who had lifetime data from birth onward on infection-related hospitalization (IRH) had repeated assessments through childhood and adolescence and at least once in adulthood (age 30–45 years in 2001–2011). Early childhood (<5 years), childhood/adolescence (5–18 years), adult (>18 years), and total lifetime IRHs were related to adiposity, BMI, and metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Analyses were adjusted for childhood and adulthood risk factors and potential confounders.

RESULTS:

Early-childhood IRH correlated with adverse adult but not childhood metabolic variables: increased BMI (P = .02) and metabolic syndrome (risk ratio: 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.35; P = .03), adjusted for age, gender, birth weight, childhood BMI and other risk factors, and family income. The age at which differences in adult BMI became persistent was related to age of IRH in childhood. The greatest increase in adult BMI occurred in those with >1 childhood IRH.

CONCLUSIONS:

Childhood IRH was independently associated with adverse adult metabolic variables. This finding suggests that infections and/or their treatment in childhood may contribute to causal pathways leading to adult cardiometabolic diseases.
A medialis visceralis rotáció szerepe a suprarenalis aorta sebészetében
Authors: Oláh Zoltán , Hidi László , Entz László , Szeberin Zoltán
Published: August 2015

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: A rekeszizom és a veseartériák közötti aortaszakasz
és visceralis ágainak megfelelő expozíciója elengedhetetlen feltétele az ebben a
régióban végzett sikeres érműtétnek. A standard median laparotomiából történő
transperitonealis behatolás, a retroperitonealis feltárás és a
thoracolaparotomia mellett a bal oldali medialis visceralis rotáció jelenthet
előnyt e nehezen megközelíthető régió feltárásánál endovascularis megoldásra
alkalmatlan esetekben. Érsebészeti műtéteknél szerzett tapasztalatainkat
mutatjuk be hat eset kapcsán. Betegek és módszerek: Median vagy
ívelt harántlaparotomiát követően mobilizáltuk a szigmabelet, a leszálló
vastagbelet, a lépet, a pancreast, és a retroperitonealis térben a vese és
mellékvese előtt haladva tártuk fel a suprarenalis aortát. A műtéti indikáció
egy esetben az aorta suprarenalis aneurysmája, három esetben a visceralis
aortaszakasz és ágainak szignifikáns szimptomatikus meszes stenosisa, egy
esetben korábbi aortoaorticus interpozíció proximalis anastomosisának
pseudoaneurysmája, egy esetben pedig alsó végtagi és zsigeri malperfúziós
szindrómát okozó Stanford B típusú dissectio volt. Két esetben
aorta-thrombendarterectomia és direkt varrat, egy esetben
aorta-thrombendarterectomia és aortobifemoralis bypass, egy-egy esetben
dacron-graft-interpozíció, illetve thoracalis aortahomograft-beültetés történt,
egy esetben pedig endoartectomiát végeztünk refenestratióval és
thrombectomiával. Eredmények: A betegek átlagéletkora 58 év
volt (43–72 év). Az átlagos műtéti idő 231 ± 80 perc, a suprarenalis kirekesztés
átlagos ideje 43 ± 15 perc volt. Cell savert három esetben használtunk. A
betegek átlagos kórházi tartózkodási ideje 16,16 ± 13,53 nap volt. Öten
otthonukba, egy beteg belgyógyászati osztályra távozott. Egy esetben
léptoksérülés miatt akutan splenectomiát végeztünk, két beteg igényelt vérzéses
szövődmény miatt reoperációt, az egyik betegnél 12 nappal, a másik betegnél 14
nappal a műtét után. Két betegnél alakult ki veseelégtelenség, egy igényelt
tartós dialízist. Pancreatitist, bélnecrosist nem tapasztaltunk. Beteget nem
veszítettünk el, a tervezett műtéti területhez minden esetben kiváló feltárást
nyertünk. Következtetések: A traumatológiában a rekesz alatti
aorta sérüléseinek ellátásánál alkalmazott transabdominalis medialis visceralis
rotáció tapasztalataink alapján jó feltárást nyújt a suprarenalis aortát érintő
akut vagy electiv érsebészeti beavatkozásokhoz. Az intraoperativ vérzéskontroll,
a visceralis ágak kezdeti szakaszának exploratiója biztosabb az aorta lateralis
feltárásával, mint az anterior transabdominalis megközelítéssel. A két testüreg
megnyitásával járó thoracolaparotomiánál előnyösebb lehet a kevesebb várható
pulmonalis szövődmény miatt, valamint szükség esetén a hasűri szervekhez és azok
artériáihoz is jó hozzáférést biztosít. A parenchymás szervek (lép, pancreas)
sérülésének, illetve a vékony- és vastagbél-mesenterium kompressziójának
elkerülésére fokozott figyelmet kell fordítani.
Laparoszkópos hiatushernia-rekonstrukciót követő intraoesophagealis hálómigráció
Authors: Bognár Laura , Horváth Örs Péter , Solt Jenő , Jancsó Gábor , Vereczkei András
Published: August 2015

Absztrakt

Esetismertetés: A szerzők egy 68 éves beteg esetét ismertetik,
akinél hálóbeültetéses hiatusplasztikával kiegészített antirefluxműtétet
követően négy hónappal dysphagiás panaszok jelentkeztek. Az elvégzett
vizsgálatok a háló részleges nyelőcsőbe penetrálását igazolták. Halasztott
sürgősséggel végzett műtét során thoracolaparotomiás feltárásból a hálót
eltávolították, a nyelőcsövön észlelt hosszanti lyuk és alatta egy rövid
szűkület miatt distalis nyelőcső- és proximalis gyomorresectiót végeztek, a
tápcsatorna folytonosságát jejunum-interpositum segítségével állították helyre.
A három hónapos kontroll során a beteg panaszmentes volt, és az elvégzett
radiológiai vizsgálat a műtét utáni normális viszonyokat mutatta.
Megbeszélés: Számos tanulmány igazolta, hogy a nagyméretű
hiatusherniák direkt varrattal történő zárása magas recidíva aránnyal jár. A
sérvkiújulás megelőzése végett széles körben elterjedt a hálóbeültetéssel
megerősített hiatusrekonstrukció. Ezzel a sérvkiújulás incidenciája valóban
csökkent, ellenben a műtét morbiditása – alapvetően a hálóra visszavezethető
okok miatt – nőtt. A hálók a speciális anatómiai helyzet miatt állandó mozgásnak
vannak kitéve és ezzel a nyelőcső erózióját, perforációját, valamint fibrosist
és következményes stenosist okozhatnak. Az ilyen típusú szövődmények súlyos,
nemritkán életveszélyes állapotot jelentenek és gyakran csak bonyolult műtéttel
korrigálhatók. A szerzők saját esetük tapasztalata és a szakirodalom áttekintése
alapján a hálóbeültetéses hiatusrekonstrukciók egyik lehetséges, súlyos
szövődményére szeretnék felhívni a figyelmet.
Homework setting in cognitive behavioral therapy: A study of discursive strategies
Authors: Beckwith Andrew , Crichton Jonathan
Published: August 2015

In recent years cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a form of psychotherapy, has risen to prominence due to a large number of studies attesting to its efficacy. A crucial part of the model of CBT is the use of the therapeutic strategy, homework, in which the client undertakes therapeutic tasks between sessions. The focus of this study is on how homework is implemented in sessions of CBT. This is undertaken through an analysis utilizing theme-orientated discourse analysis of video recorded sessions of CBT of one therapist and a client. Through tracking the focal theme of homework, the analysis focuses on homework as a face-threatening act (Brown and Levinson 1987) and how discursive strategies are employed to manage this issue. Other analytic themes include the use of frames (Goffman 1974) and constructed dialogue (Tannen 2007). It is the expertise of the therapist in putting into practice the therapeutic task of homework that is the subject of this study.
‘Autism itself actually isn't a disability’: Negotiating a ‘normal’ versus ‘abnormal’ autistic identity
Authors: Lester Jessica Nina , Karim Khalid , O'Reilly Michelle
Published: August 2015

The opposing positions of the social model of disability and the biomedical framework of impairment have created tensions regarding what constitutes ‘normality’. In this article, we drew upon focus group data of parents, professionals, and people with autism, to explore how the dilemmatic tensions of normality and abnormality and of disability and ability were managed. Our findings illustrate how the boundaries of normality in relation to autism are blurred, as well as how the autistic identity is fluid. The members of the focus group invoked their epistemic rights to assert their positions and delicately considered the limitations of the rhetoric of cure. Our findings have implications for professionals working with families of children with autism, specifically as they aim to maintain a balance between providing sufficient support and not being intrusive, and we show how a medical sociology can facilitate an understanding of autism as a social category.
Pediatrinių skubios pagalbos pirmumo vertinimo skalių palyginamasis prospektyvinis stebėjimo tyrimas
Authors: Burokienė Sigita , Pažus Alicija , Vaičiūnienė Daiva , Sapagovaitė Ingrida , Usonis Vytautas
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: priėmimo – skubios pagalbos skyrius, pagalbos pirmumo vertinimas, vaikai. Įvadas. Kasmet stebimas vis augantis pacientų, besikreipiančių dėl medicininės pagalbos ligoninėje, skaičius. Tai lemia pacientų perpildytą priėmimo-skubios pagalbos skyrių ir ilgas pagalbos laukimo valandas jame. Toks perpildymas gali lemti pavėluotus sprendimus ir prastus diagnostikos bei gydymo rezultatus, nevisavertę medicininę priežiūrą, pacientų ir sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų teikėjų nepasitenkinimą. Norint to išvengti yra būtina patikima pacientų pirmumo vertinimo sistema, tarptautinėje literatūroje vadinama Triage. Tyrimo tikslas. Palyginti pediatrinę Mančesterio skubios pagalbos pirmumo vertinimo sistemą su Vaikų ligoninės, Všį Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų filialo (toliau – Vaikų ligoninė) naudojama skubios pagalbos pirmumo vertinimo sistema, teikiant skubią medicininę pagalbą vaikų priėmimo-skubios pagalbos skyriuje. Medžiaga ir metodai. Prospektyviai 2014 metų lapkričio ir gruodžio mėnesiais Vaikų ligoninės Priėmimo-skubios pagalbos skyriuje buvo įvertinta 300 pacientų būklė naudojant skirtingas pacientų skubios pagalbos pirmumo vertinimo sistemas. Rezultatai. Tyrimas atskleidė skubios pagalbos pirmumo vertinimo sistemų skirtumus. Vertinant pacientų būklę pagal Vaikų ligoninės skalę buvo nustatyta, kad 1 pacientui reikėjo itin skubios pagalbos, 132 pacientams buvo nustatyta vidutiniškai skubi pagalba ir 167 skubios pagalbos nereikėjo. Sutapatinus Mančesterio sistemos skubos kategorijas su Vaikų ligoninės kategorijomis, jos atitiko 159 (53 proc.) atvejų. Įvertinus pacientus Vaikų ligoninės skubios pagalbos skale ir palyginus su Mančesterio sistema, nustatyta, kad 70 (23,3 proc.) pacientų būklės buvo įvertintos kaip sunkesnės, reikalaujančios skubesnės pagalbos (angl. Overtriage), o 71 (23,7 proc.) paciento būklės buvo įvertintos kaip lengvesnės, kurioms reikėjo ne tokios skubios pagalbos. (angl. Undertriage). Dažniausiai karščiuojančių vaikų būklės pagal Vaikų ligoninės sistemą buvo įvertintos kaip reikalaujančios skubesnės pagalbos, o pacientų, atvykusių dėl pilvo skausmo, kvėpavimo takų sutrikimų ir traumų būklės, buvo priskirtos mažiau skubiai pagalbai, palyginti su vertinimu, atliktu pagal Mančesterio skubios pagalbos skalę. Mančesterio skubios pagalbos sistema labiau nei Vaikų ligoninės sistema koreliavo su hospitalizacijos dažniu, tačiau Vaikų ligoninės sistema nustatytas skubos lygis labiau koreliavo su laiku, praleistu priėmimo-skubios pagalbos skyriuje. Išvada. Vaikų ligoninės skubios pagalbos pirmumo vertinimo sistema silpnai koreliavo su Mančesterio sistema dėl skirtingų skubios pagalbos kategorijų nustatymo metodikų. Nepaisant to, Vaikų ligoninės sistema turi savo saugiąją pusę: pervertintos būklės pacientų buvo daugiau nei nuvertintos.
Vaikų sunkių traumų epidemiologiniai ypatumai ir sunkumo vertinimo skalių palyginimas
Authors: Radžiūnas Aivaras , Martinovič Julija , Žilinskaitė Virginija
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: vaikų traumos, sunkumo vertinimo skalės. Darbo tikslas. Ištirti sunkių vaikų traumų epidemiologinius ypatumus ir palyginti traumų sunkumo vertinimo skales. Tiriamieji ir metodai. Atliktas retrospektyvinis 485 pacientų, kurie 2010–2014 metais buvo hospitalizuoti ir gydyti Vaikų ligoninėje dėl patirtos sunkios traumos, tyrimas. Tiriamieji buvo suskirstyti į 4 amžiaus grupes: 1-a grupė – <3 metų vaikai, 2-a grupė – 3–9 metų vaikai, 3-ia grupė – 10–14 metų vaikai, 4-a grupė – ≥15 metų vaikai. Lyginti šių grupių epidemiologiniai rodikliai. Tarpusavyje palygintos pediatrinė traumos ir naujoji pažeidimų sunkumo skalės. Rezultatai. 68,7 proc. sudarė berniukai (mot.: vyr. – 1: 2,19). Amžiaus mediana – 8 metai (IQR 3,75–13). Visose amžiaus grupėse dominavo buko pobūdžio traumos (80 proc.). Antroje vietoje esantys terminiai sužalojimai (10,7 proc.), vaikų iki 3 metų grupėje sudarė net 37 proc. Pagal sužalojimo mechanizmą vyravo eismo įvykio metu patirta trauma (22,9 proc.), kritimai iš didelio aukščio (18,1 proc.). Stebima neigiama koreliacija tarp apskaičiuotų naujosios pažeidimų sunkumo skalės ir pediatrinės traumų skalės balų medianų (r= -0,578). Išvados. Daugiausiai dėmesio vaikų populiacijoje reikėtų skirti eismo įvykių metu patirtoms traumoms, kritimams ir nudegimams. Vaikams dažniausiai pažeidžiama galvos sritis. Nustatyta patikima koreliacija tarp tirtų traumos sunkumo vertinimo skalių, tačiau traumos sunkumo vertinimui mažesniuose traumų centruose priimtinesnė pediatrinė traumų skalė.
A review of satellite positioning systems for civil engineering
Authors: Roberts Gethin Wyn , Tang Xu , Brown Chris
Published: August 2015

This paper informs and updates civil engineers of the status and advances of global navigation satellite systems, and how this will affect the profession in the near future. An overview of the various global and regional systems is given. Real data are used to show the potential precision of the US Global Positioning System and other global navigation satellite systems, as well as the advantages of using a multi-system approach. The results illustrate that there is a clear increase in the availability of satellites through a multi-system approach, as well as an improvement in the resulting coordinate precision.
MODELO DE PREDIÇÃO DA ACESSIBILIDADE E MOBILIDADE URBANA
Authors: Silva André de Souza
Published: August 2015

RESUMOApresentar os resultados obtidos com o desenvolvimento do Modelo de Deslocamento Sustentável em Cidades, indicar as possibilidades de continuidade da pesquisa e contribuir com sugestões para futuros estudos são os objetivos deste artigo. Trata-se de um modelo de predição que possibilita a análise abrangente do movimento de pedestres e veículos, uma vez que simula alternativas de decisões de desenho urbano e verifica a influência dos regimes urbanísticos no planejamento de áreas novas e preexistentes. Operacionalmente viável e promissor, o modelo matemático apresenta resultados estatísticos significativos e com alto grau de confiabilidade. Demonstra ser um instrumento útil na simulação de condições de total transformação ou relativa homogeneidade dos tecidos urbanos, assim como no auxílio ao planejamento urbano, não determinando, entretanto, o que deve ser feito, mas sim, possibilitando entender o que está sendo feito.  PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Planejamento Urbano. Acessibilidade Urbana. Mobilidade Urbana  PREDICTION MODELACCESSIBILITY AND URBAN MOBILITY ABSTRACTPresent the results obtained with the development of the Sustainable Cities Displacement Model, indicate the possibilities of continuing the research and contribute suggestions for future studies are the objectives of this article. It is a prediction model that allows comprehensive analysis of the movement of pedestrians and vehicles, as alternative simulates  urban design decisions and verifies the influence of urban planning systems in new and existing areas. Operationally feasible and promising, the mathematical model shows significant statistical results with a high degree of reliability. Proves to be a useful tool to simulate conditions of total transformation or relative homogeneity of the urban systems, as well as aid to urban planning, not determining, however, what should be done, but, allowing understand what is being done. KEY-WORDS: Urban Planning. Urban Accessibility. Urban Mobility MODELO DEL PREDICCIÓN DE LAACCESIBILIDAD Y MOVILIDAD URBANA RESUMENPresentar los resultados obtenidos con el desarrollo del modelo del predicción de La accesibilidad y movilidad urbana, indicar las posibilidades de continuar la investigación y contribuir sugerencias para futuros estudios son los objetivos de este artículo. Se trata de un modelo de predicción que permite el análisis integral del movimiento de peatones y vehículos, como simula alternativas decisiones de diseño urbano y verifica la influencia de los sistemas de planificación urbana en áreas nuevas y existentes. Operativamente viable y prometedor, el modelo matemático muestra los resultados estadísticos significativos con un alto grado de fiabilidad. Demuestra ser una herramienta útil para simular las condiciones de transformación, total o relativa homogeneidad del tejido urbano, así como la ayuda a la planificación urbana, no determinar, sin embargo, lo que se debe hacer, pero ,lo que permite entender lo que se está haciendo. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Planificación Urbana. Accesibilidad Urbana. La movilidad urbana
STRESS-SPEC: Materials science diffractometer
Authors: Hofmann Michael , Gan Weimin , Rebelo-Kornmeier Joana
Published: August 2015

In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials and components in new technologies the direct measurement, calculation and evaluation of textures and residual stresses has gained worldwide significance in recent years. STRESS-SPEC, the materials science diffractometer, which is jointly operated by the Technische Universität München, the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Clausthal and by GEMS, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, is located at the thermal beam port SR-3 of the FRM II and can easily be configured either for texture analysis or strain measurements.
SANS-1: Small angle neutron scattering
Authors: Heinemann André , Mühlbauer Sebastian
Published: August 2015

The new small angle scattering instrument SANS-1, jointly operated by the Technische Universität München and GEMS, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, has completed commissioning and is in regular user service (Gilles et al., 2006). SANS-1 is located at the end of neutron guide NL4a in the Neutron Guide Hall West.
The Relationship between Social Responsibility of Organizations with their Financial Performance (Case Study: Financial Organizations and Institutions of Guilan Province)
Authors: Mozaffar Mirbarg Kar Mir Seyed , Arayesh Shokooh Seyed Jalil
Published: August 2015

Subject of social responsibility and its impact on financial performance of organizations and institutions are issues that always taken into consideration in the world of research. In this study, researchers sought to test the relationship between these two variables . Due to this, the main object of the current study was to investigate the relationship between social responsibility and its dimension and financial performance in financial organizations and institutions of Guilan province. Survey method was practical and in terms of data collection was descriptive. The statisyical population include all organizations and financial institutions of Guilan province and samples were selected through census sampling and data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. Testing hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and multiple linear regression and Friedman test was used for further analysis. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship between social responsibility dimensions and financial performance of the organizations and financial institutions Guilan province.
Re-Examining the Wagner’s Law versus Keynesian Hypothesis: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Owolabi-Merus O.
Published: August 2015

This study investigates the Keynesian and Wagnerian views on public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria using annual secondary data spanning from 1980 to 2011 obtained from the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletins. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality econometric methodologies were used in this study. The Johansen Cointegration test revealed the presence of a long-run cointegrated relationship between government expenditure (capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure) and economic growth (GDP) in Nigeria. The Granger Causality test found no mutual correlation between government expenditure (capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure) and economic growth (GDP) using the benchmark of 5% level of statistical significance. The findings of this study therefore indicate the non-existence of both Wagner’s Law and Keynesian Hypothesis on public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria during the period under review.
Impact of Rewards and Leadership on the Employee Engagement in Conventional Banking Sector of Southern Punjab
Authors: Benazir  , Iqbal Nadeem
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of rewards and leadership on the employee engagement in conventional banking sector of southern Punjab. Employee engagement is fully influenced by leadership, workplace culture, company reputation and reward practices. Satisfied workers have potential to work effectively and they always remain loyal to the organization. This research focuses to evaluate the impact of two covariates reward and leadership on the engagement of the employees. The data includes 50 employees of 5 banks selected from conventional banking sector located in southern Punjab. The results indicate positive impact of reward and leadership on employee engagement. The paper provides evidence to suggest that management focus to enhance skills of the employees through proper coaching, leadership, and motivation.
Developing Programs of Intercultural Education with Regard to the Inclusive Education's Values
Authors: Bunăiașu Claudiu Marian
Published: August 2015

Both the intercultural education and inclusive education represent dimensions of the "new education", which approach the values of European conscience and contemporary society's complex issue, as part of the intercultural communication and social inclusion. These dimensions have specific issues, but also convergence points, as far as the finalities, as well as the means of achieving are regarded. The programs of intercultural education represent this kind of means, which facilitate accomplishing "education for all" purposes. The research's premises analyze intercultural competences' development, in order to comprehensively approach the inclusive education and argues legitimacy and the opportunity of investigation. The second part of the article presents the research, regarding the topic's impact and the modalities in order to develop and implement the intercultural education programs, which approach the values of social inclusion. The main investigation tool is represented by the questionnaire, which has been applied to a sample of 100 subjects (didactic staff, students). After systematizing the results of the research, there have been revealed subjects' perceptions, efficient modalities and types of programs that promote inclusive education's values.
Effects of Competitive Advantage on Companies Superiority in the Global Market
Authors: Ghasemi Iman , Abdi Ehsan , Yaghmaei Omid , Nemati Ruhollah
Published: August 2015

Strategy is an organization’s action plan to achieve the mission. Each strategy provides an opportunity for operations managers to achieve Competitive Advantage (CA). CA implies the creation of a system that has a unique advantage over competitors. Improving researches, economic prosperity and quality of products can be considered as CA abilities through each company. CA is used for acquiring superior position in the world from different angles of science, economics and technologies. Generally, CA considered as strategic management or paradigm management. Hence, the performances of organizations or manufactures are pertained to the relevant theories from CA that is crucial points to compete and take advantage from the new technology. Since competitiveness is accounted as a fundamental role in industrial activities for achieving goals. Moreover, successfully growing a business is often dependent upon a strong competitive edge. The aim of this study is to collect information from the literature to seek the best strategy as CA for reducing cost, differentiating company and increasing efficiency.
The Waiting of Parousia - Aspects of Lukan Eschatology (Luke 17:20-37)
Authors: Faraoanu Iulian
Published: August 2015

The Gospel of Luke reveals an important aspect, namely, the combination of history and eschatology. Therefore, many scholars have discussed whether Luke is more a historian rather than a theologian or vice versa. In his historical and eschatological discourse, the evangelist talks about the Parousia. The coming of the Son of Man at the end of time is a certainty and people have to prepare for his arrival.In this paper I aim to describe the attitude of the members of Lucan communities towards the second coming of the Son of Man having Luke 17 as a starting point. Firstly, I intend to evaluate the text of Luke 17:20-37 from a literary point of view, followed by a synoptic comparison to Matthew 24:36-44 in order to better underline Luke’s theological orientation. The final step involves a series of theological (eschatological) insights: the unexpected second arrival of Christ and the necessity of an orientation towards everlasting life.All of the images within the text of Luke 17:20-37 have an exhortatory intent: faith must always remain strong. And Christians should be faithful and vigilant at all times. This vigilance and the orientation towards the everlasting realities are important paths to salvation.