bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Weighted Bregman Huber Total Variation Method for Terahertz Computed Tomography
Authors: Cha Xingzeng , Li En , Lai Dakun
Published: November 2024

To improve the image quality of terahertz (THz) continuous wave (CW) computed tomography (CT) under sparse‐view projections, a sparse‐view adaptive‐weighted Bregman Huber total variation (AW‐BHTV) method is proposed and experimentally evaluated at 0.11 THz. The Huber function is served as the fidelity term and TV function is worked for the regularization term, optimized by the adaptive weights, incorporating with iterative algorithms containing the modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (MSART) and the iterative filtered back‐projection (FBP). Sparse‐view reconstruction experiments are carefully implemented via polystyrene (PS) foam samples: Sample 1 and Sample 2, respectively. Under 20 projection angles by MSART based AW‐BHTV, the values of rooted mean‐square‐error (RMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structure similarity (SSIM) and feature similarity (FSIM) are 0.0061, 22.1427, 0.8738 and 0.9902 for Sample 1 together with 0.0051, 22.9101, 0.8376 and 0.9885 for Sample 2 separately. All of the results above suggest that the proposed AW‐BHTV method can effectively protect image details and strengthen image quality in sparse‐view THz CW CT.
SentinelGuard Pro: Deploying Cutting‐Edge FusionNet for Unerring Detection and Enforcement of Wrong Parking Incidents
Authors: Rajyalakshmi Vankadhara , Lakshmanna Kuruva
Published: November 2024

Wrong parking incidents pose a pervasive challenge in urban environments, disrupting the smooth flow of traffic, compromising safety and contributing to various logistical issues. Unauthorized parking occurs when vehicles are parked in locations not designated for such purposes, leading to a myriad of problems for both authorities and the general public. This research introduces a pioneering approach to confront the persistent challenge of unauthorized parking incidents in urban environments. The study focuses on harnessing the advanced capabilities of the FusionNet model to enhance the accuracy of license plate detection. This paper introduces the YOLO v8 Model, a deep learning architecture designed to enhance urban parking management by accurately detecting vehicles parked in unauthorized slots. The objective is to enhance parking management efficiency by accurately detecting vehicles and their occupancy status in designated parking areas. The methodology begins with data collection and preprocessing of images of parking spaces, followed by the training of YOLO v8 to identify vehicles and parking spaces in real time. Leveraging a diverse dataset encompassing various parking scenarios, including instances of unauthorized parking, the model achieves an accuracy of 98.50% in identifying vehicles outside designated areas. This model segments characters from detected license plates, enabling the accurate extraction of alphanumeric information associated with each vehicle. The integrated system provides timely identification of parking violations and facilitates effective enforcement actions through captured license plate data. Results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in real‐world scenarios, showcasing its potential for improving urban safety and efficiency. The implementation of FusionNet in the Python programming language, the proposed solution aims to streamline parking management, improve compliance with parking regulations and enhance overall urban mobility., with robust precision 96.17%, specificity 97.42% and sensitivity 96.19%, surpassing other MobileNet, CNN, ANN, DNN and EfficientNet models.
Clinical and Histological Differences Between Choanal Polyps in Children and Adults: A 15‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Lazović Nikola , Sotirović Jelena , Barsova Gabriela Kopacheva , Đurđević Biserka Vukomanović
Published: November 2024

Choanal polyps (CPs) are benign, inflammatory, solitary lesions extending toward the junction between the nasal cavity/paranasal sinus and the nasopharynx through the choana. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histological characteristics of CPs in children compared to adult patients. Characteristics of patients (demography, main complaints, side, localization, surgical approach, histological characteristics, accompanying chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS], association with allergic rhinitis [AR] and aspirin sensitivity, postoperative follow‐up period, recurrence rates) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified into children (<18 years) and adults (≥18 years). Our results suggest some clinical and histological specificities of CPs in children compared to adults. Epistaxis, oropharyngeal extension, association with AR and ipsilateral CRS, and angiomatous histological subtype of CPs are more frequent in the pediatric population. Also, the level of eosinophil infiltration of polyp tissue and recurrence rates are higher in pediatrics than in adult population.
Macrophages producing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan‐4 induce neuro‐cardiac junction impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Milan Marika , Maiullari Fabio , Chirivì Maila , Ceraolo Maria Grazia , Zigiotto Rebecca , Soluri Andrea , Maiullari Silvia , Landoni Elisa , Silvestre Dario Di , Brambilla Francesca , Mauri Pierluigi , De Paolis Veronica , Fratini Nicole , Crosti Maria Cristina , Cordiglieri Chiara , Parisi Chiara , Calogero Antonella , Seliktar Dror , Torrente Yvan , Lanzuolo Chiara , Dotti Gianpietro , Toccafondi Mirco , Bombaci Mauro , De Falco Elena , Bearzi Claudia , Rizzi Roberto
Published: November 2024

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the full form of the dystrophin protein, which is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of muscle cells, including those in the heart and respiratory system. Despite progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with DMD, myocardial insufficiency persists as the primary cause of mortality, and existing therapeutic strategies remain limited. This study investigates the hypothesis that a dysregulation of the biological communication between infiltrating macrophages (MPs) and neurocardiac junctions exists in dystrophic cardiac tissue. In a mouse model of DMD (mdx), this phenomenon is influenced by the over‐release of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan‐4 (CSPG4), a key inhibitor of nerve sprouting and a modulator of the neural function, by MPs infiltrating the cardiac tissue and associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, a hallmark of DMD. Givinostat, the histone deacetylase inhibitor under current development as a clinical treatment for DMD, is effective at both restoring a physiological microenvironment at the neuro‐cardiac junction and cardiac function in mdx mice in addition to a reduction in cardiac fibrosis, MP‐mediated inflammation, and tissue CSPG4 content. This study provides novel insight into the pathophysiology of DMD in the heart, identifying potential new biological targets. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
New method for predicting the free vibration characteristics of composite laminates based on generalized cell and spectral‐Tchebychev methods
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Huimin , Chen Xianglin , Zhang Xinlong
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a new method for analyzing the free vibration characteristics of composite laminates under arbitrary boundary conditions by integrating the generalized method of cells (GMC) and the Two‐Dimensional Spectral‐Tchebychev (2D‐ST) method. First, a meso‐macro correlation matrix is constructed based on the GMC, and the macroscopic performance parameters of the composite laminates are predicted. Then, virtual boundary springs are introduced to simulate the arbitrary boundary conditions, and the energy equation of the laminate is derived based on the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Hamilton's principle. Furthermore, an approximate displacement function of the laminate is derived by using the 2D‐ST Tchebychev polynomials, and the Gauss‐Lobatto points are selected for meshless discretization of the structure to obtain the discretized characteristic equation, which is solved to obtain the free vibration frequency of the laminate. Based on Matlab programming, the free vibration frequencies of the laminate under different conditions are calculated, and the convergence, accuracy and computational efficiency of the calculation method are discussed, and the effects of boundary conditions, stacking angle, geometrical parameters, and material parameters on the free vibration frequencies of the laminate are analyzed. The numerical results show that the method has the advantages of fast convergence, high accuracy and high efficiency, and the method can be convenient and fast for parametric studies.

Highlights

The free vibration characteristics of composite laminates are studied.

Combining generalized cell method with spectral‐Tchebychev method.

The method has the characteristics of fast convergence, high accuracy and high efficiency.

A parametric study is conducted on the free vibration of laminated panels.
An integrated population pharmacokinetic model of febuxostat in pediatric patients with hyperuricemia including gout and adult population of healthy subjects and patients with renal dysfunction
Authors: Iwama Ryutaro , Nishida Kimie , Ishii Daisuke , Iijima Takeshi
Published: November 2024

The study objective was to validate febuxostat dosage and administration in pediatric patients with hyperuricemia including gout, using an integrated population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis in the Japanese population. Integrated PopPK analysis of febuxostat used a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling (NONMEM) program on plasma febuxostat concentration data for 2611 samples from Japanese pediatric patients with hyperuricemia including gout (n = 29) and from adult subjects who are healthy or have renal dysfunction (n = 113). We described febuxostat pharmacokinetics using an integrated PopPK model applicable both to pediatric patients and to the adult population. The covariates of body weight and eGFR were identified for CL/F and the covariate of fasted/fed status for bioavailability. The range of steady‐state exposures (Cmax,ss and AUCτ,ss) for 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg of febuxostat in fed pediatric patients weighing 20 to 40 kg was within that for 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg of febuxostat in fed pediatric patients and adults weighing 40 to 120 kg. Post hoc estimates of CL/F, adjusted by body weight, differed little between pediatric patients and the adult population in the renal function categories of normal, mild dysfunction, and moderate dysfunction. We successfully validated the febuxostat dose that provided the same level of exposure in pediatric patients as in the adult population: half the adult dose for pediatric patients weighing <40 kg and the full adult dose for pediatric patients weighing ≥40 kg. As in adults, the results support the use of febuxostat without dose adjustment in pediatric patients who have mild to moderate renal dysfunction.
Internal Model‐Based Anti‐Disturbances Low‐Level Control for Drones Considering Actuator Dynamics
Authors: Di Jian , Kang Yu , Li Kun , Zhou Yijia , Li Pengfei
Published: November 2024

Low‐level control plays a critical role in the overall flight performance of drones. Despite some progress, existing methods do not adequately consider the complex electromechanical characteristics of actuators and aerodynamic disturbances of propellers, which deteriorates low‐level control performance. To tackle these issues, we propose a new nonlinear low‐level controller for higher precision control. First, a high‐precision low‐level model that integrates the actuator dynamics and angular velocity dynamics is presented. Based on this model, a dynamic compensator is designed using the internal model method to handle aerodynamic disturbances. Next, a high‐gain observer is designed to estimate the actuator states without adding new sensors, and an observer‐based low‐level controller is proposed through a recursive design process. Finally, the local asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is analyzed. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are validated through simulations and physical experiments.
Integrating Anaerobic Digestion With Struvite Production for Enhanced Nutrient Recovery, Pathogen Reduction, and Circularity in Manure Management
Authors: Nagarajan Anita , Goyette Bernard , Raghavan Vijaya , Poulin‐Laprade Dominic , Rajagopal Rajinikanth
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is essential for manure management, generating biogas and nutrient‐rich digestate for organic fertilizer. However, improper digestate use can pose environmental risks. Recovering struvite, a magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) compound, from digestate provides a sustainable, controlled‐release fertilizer, supporting a circular economy in agriculture.

Materials and Methods

The study employed a two‐stage (liquid–solid) AD process using poultry, dairy, and swine manures, along with wasted corn silage. Digestates were sampled for physicochemical and biogas quality analyses, with feedstocks categorized into D1 and D2, and a composite (D3) formed for struvite characterization. Microbial populations were enumerated on selective media, and struvite mineral content was analysed via argon plasma emission spectrometry.

Results

The digesters processing feedstock mixtures D1 and D2 achieved specific methane yields of 1.26 L/g CODs fed and 1.49 L/g CODs fed, with cumulative biogas production of 374 and 369 L, respectively, over four 77‐day cycles. The two‐stage AD process significantly reduced antibiotic‐resistant, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) recovery rates were high at 98%–99%, with a consistent struvite crystal mass of 0.67 g/10 mL, indicating the efficiency of this integrated process. The agronomic value of struvite was determined, indicating its potential utility as a fertilizer, and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed diverse crystal structures, warranting further investigation into their implications for usage and storage.

Conclusion

The results suggests that the two‐stage AD process efficiently transforms organic waste into high‐quality biogas, reduces antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, and facilitates nutrient recovery through struvite precipitation. This approach supports co‐digestion of multi‐substrates and promotes circular economy principles, with potassium or sodium phosphate enhancing struvite recovery for sustainable agriculture.
Course‐Based Teacher Professional Communities (With District and Union Support) at the Center of Three‐Dimensional Science Teaching
Authors: Thomas Christie Morrison , Anderson Charles W.
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on how two school districts managed and changed the instructional core—student learning goals, instructional resources and strategies, and assessments—in their required high school biology course as they responded to new state science standards based on the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Biology teachers in both districts had access to NGSS‐aligned resources for their classrooms. Interviews with teachers, district science coordinators, and union leaders revealed how district responses were affected by two institutional logics: academic logics included the criteria that teachers used to choose resources and strategies for their classrooms and professional logics included the roles and responsibilities of district professionals. Participants from District A endorsed a common‐sense experiential academic logic, which recognized teachers' obligations to meet general criteria for content coverage while using their personal experiences and values to make detailed instructional decisions. They also endorsed a professional logic of privacy and noninterference, which recognized teachers' individual autonomy in making decisions about their classroom instructional cores. In contrast, participants from District B described how district professionals empowered a course‐based professional community to make decisions about the instructional core that all biology teachers followed in their own classrooms. We examine how this strategy enabled actions consistent with an instructional improvement logic that supported an NGSS‐aligned instructional core in all biology classrooms. We consider the implications of this contrast for teacher learning in organizational settings—the focus of this special issue.
LiNaCO3‐Containing Porous Carbon Composites for CO2 capture
Authors: Li Honghao , Adili Guliqire , Tuerxun Nasiman
Published: November 2024

In this study, LiNaCO3‐ and (Li‐Na‐K)2CO3‐based porous carbon composites were synthesized from terephthalic acid, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide at different calcination temperatures. These composite materials were characterized with X‐Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. According to their CO2 capture performance measured, LiNaC‐700 °C had the largest CO2 adsorption capacity of 66 mg CO2 g−1, while the CO2 capture capacity of other materials doped with three metal ions was only up to 8.57 mg CO2 g−1. Additionally, the CO2 adsorption capacity of each adsorbent was significantly higher than the N2 adsorption capacity, showing their high CO2 adsorption selectivity. Lithium‐containing carbonate‐based porous carbon materials (LiNaCO3‐ and (Li‐Na‐K)2CO3‐based porous carbon could effectively capture CO2 with excellent reproducibility.
Unveiling Novel Hybrids Quinazoline/Phenylsulfonylfuroxan Derivatives with Potent Multi‐Anticancer Inhibition: DFT and In Silico Approach Combining 2D‐QSAR, Molecular Docking, Dynamics Simulations, and ADMET Properties
Authors: Guendouzi Abdelmadjid , Belkhiri Lotfi , Guendouzi Abdelkrim , Culletta Giulia , Tutone Marco
Published: November 2024

In this work, the biological activities of 29 novel quinazoline/phenylsulfonylfuroxan derivatives (1a–z, 1aa, 1ab, 2a, 2b, 2d, and 2f) were computationally investigated as potential anti‐cancer inhibitors against five cell lines, i.e., H1975, MCF‐7, Eca‐109, MGC‐803, and A549, which are involved in various diseases, including lung, breast, esophageal squamous carcinoma, and gastric cancer. The 2D‐QSAR predictive approach, exploiting multiple linear regression (MLR) models and rigorous internal and external cross‐validation, showed a correlation factor R2 of range: 0.68−0.82. Moreover, the MLR‐derived R2test and Y randomization (R2rand) values for the five cell lines are higher than 0.60 and less than 0.3, respectively, indicating a strong alignment with the internal and external validation data. New 70 quinazoline hybrids based on the most effective in vivo 1q inhibitor were designed, and their pIC50 activity was predicted. The best‐scoring 15 (N1–N15) compounds were further evaluated using molecular docking and dynamics simulations (100 ns) with the VEGFR‐2 kinase target (PDB code: 3U6J). All the data sets accurately predict the strongest binding affinity for the selected (N6, N7, N9, and N11) molecules, as evidenced by the highest docking score, hydrogen bond energy, and significant amino acid steric interactions. Furthermore, the RMS/RMSF/Rg dynamics parameters show that the formed complexes are satisfactorily stable. The ADMET properties indicate that the selected new ligands have shown a promising drug‐like profile and can be considered potential candidates for future anti‐cancer therapies, with perspective validating their anticancer activity by in vitro and in vivo studies.
Size and Surface Effects in the Ultrafast Dynamics of Strongly Cooperative Spin‐Crossover Nanoparticles
Authors: Haddock Tyler N. , Delgado Teresa , Alías‐Rodríguez Marc , de de Graaf Coen , Enachescu Cristian , van der Veen Renske M.
Published: November 2024

Cooperative photoinduced switching of molecular materials at the nanoscale is still in its infancy. Strongly cooperative spin‐crossover nanomaterials are arguably the best prototypes of photomagnetic and volume‐changing materials that can be manipulated by short pulses of light. Open questions remain regarding their non‐equilibrium dynamics upon light excitation and the role of cooperative elastic interactions in nanoscale systems that are characterized by large surface/volume ratios. Femtosecond‐resolved broadband spectroscopy is performed on nanorods of the strongly cooperative Fe‐triazole, which undergoes a reversible low‐spin to high‐spin (HS) phase transition ≈360 K. Supported by density functional theory and mechano‐elastic Monte Carlo simulations, a marked difference is observed in the photoswitching dynamics at the surface of the nanoparticles compared with the core. Surprisingly, under low excitation (<2%) conditions, there occurs a transient increase in the HS population at the surface on the picosecond time scale, while the HS population in the core decays concomitantly. These results shed light onto the importance of surface properties and dynamical size limits of nanoscale photoresponsive nanomaterials that can be used in a broad range of applications.
Ultra‐thin C/Si Shell Pieces as Amphiphilic Janus Materials for Efficient Oxidation Desulfurization
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Liu Bolun , Jin Wenhui , Xiong Zeshan , Yang Aili , Guo Pengyu , Wang Runwei , Zhang Zongtao
Published: November 2024

Constructing favorable morphology is considered to be an effective strategy to enhance the amphiphilic performance of materials. The directional alignment of ultra‐thin lamellar materials significantly facilitates utilization of active sites at the bi‐phase interface. Herein, an ultra‐thin amphiphilic C/Si shell pieces Janus material (d = 10.4 nm) prepared by graphene oxide and SiO2 is reported. The outer SiO2 layer is associated with hydrophilicity, while the inner C layer exhibits hydrophobicity. A Pickering emulsion interface catalyst for fuel oil oxidative desulfurization is constructed by impregnating an amino‐modified C/Si Janus material with keggin‐type HPW. The results demonstrate that amphiphilic catalyst with an ultra‐thin C/Si shell pieces exhibits superior performance in terms of emulsification rate (100%) and desulfurization rate (99.62%) in the O/W emulsion formed by n‐octane/acetonitrile. The catalyst demonstrates the advantages of easy recovery and regeneration, maintains a higher activity after oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, and has higher industrial application value.
Structural and Phase Engineering of a Hierarchical 2D–2D Nickel MOF/Hydroxide‐Derived Ni0.85Se/NiTe2 Heterointerface for Robust HER, OER, and Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Pathak Ishwor , Prabhakaran Sampath , Acharya Debendra , Chhetri Kisan , Muthurasu Alagan , Rosyara Yagya Raj , Kim Taewoo , Ko Tae Hoon , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Hak Yong
Published: November 2024

The development of a nonnoble metal‐based cost‐effective, efficient, and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst is crucial to achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. In this study, a structural and interfacial engineering approach is employed to design a 2D–2D hierarchical nickel MOF/nickel hydroxide‐derived nickel selenide/nickel telluride dual‐phase material through a single‐step selenotellurization process. The rational design of highly ordered nanoarchitectures provides well‐defined voids and ample pathways for ion diffusion. Furthermore, hierarchical nickel selenide/nickel telluride works synergistically at heterojunctions, providing a local ion enrichment mechanism for the catalytic process. As a result, Ni0.85Se/NiTe2@Ni‐NH@CC needs an overpotential of 69 and 240 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively, with an outstanding stability observed for over 100 h. Moreover, the Ni0.85Se/NiTe2@Ni‐NH@CC (+, −) device exhibits excellent overall water‐splitting performance with a cell voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm−2 and can be operated steadily for >100 h at 100 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate favorable kinetics for H‐adsorption at the selenotelluride heterojunction, thereby promoting the HER. This work highlights a new approach for designing a unique nanoarchitecture of MOF/hydroxide‐derived selenotelluride heterojunctions for high‐efficiency energy conversion applications.
Ultra‐High Activity and Durability of Low‐Platinum Fuel Cells Enabled by Encapsulation of L10‐PtCo and L12‐Pt3Co Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Li Gong , Bai Jingsen , Liu Changpeng , Jin Zhao , Xiao Meiling , Xing Wei
Published: November 2024

Developing high‐performance, durable, and ultralow‐loading platinum (Pt) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for advancing fuel cells. Here, a novel structured alloy catalyst is reported, characterized by Pt‐Co intermetallic compounds with a Pt‐skin, encapsulated by a covalent organic framework (COF) derived carbon support. This unique structure, combining alloy‐induced strain effects and protective encapsulation, leads to exceptional catalytic activity and stability at an ultralow Pt loading of 0.02 mgPt cm−2. To be specific, this catalyst exhibits peak power densities of 1.77 W cm−2 in fuel cell tests. It demonstrates a state‐of‐the‐art mass activity of 2.15 A mgPt−1 (@0.9 V), which is 5.38 times that of commercial Pt/C (0.40 A mgPt−1). More importantly, the fuel cell assembled with this novel catalyst displays exceptional durability, with a voltage degradation of only 9.9 mV after 100,000 cycles at 0.8 A cm−2 and a mass activity retention of 85% (1.83 A mgPt−1), far exceeding the 2025 initial mass activity (MA) target (0.44 A mgPt−1) of DOE by 4.2 times. Notably, the current density at 0.6 V under hydrogen‐air conditions shows only a slight decline after more than 230 h.
Perfluoropolyether‐terminated Single‐ion Polymer for Enhancing Performance of PEO‐based Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Guo Yuxiang , Ren Kailiang , Liang Jin , Chen Xiaoyi , Luo Hebin , Ma Yue , Kong Jie
Published: November 2024

Solid‐state electrolytes are receiving increasing attention in lithium metal batteries due to the advantage of high energy density. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte possesses good compatibility with lithium salts. However, PEO suffers from a low lithium‐ion transference number and poor high‐voltage resistance, which significantly hinder its application in lithium metal batteries. Herein, a perfluoropolyether‐terminated single‐ion polymer (PFPE‐polymer) is designed and synthesized in this contribution. By incorporating the PFPE‐polymer and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) into PEO via casting, the polymer electrolyte (PFPE‐SE) is successfully prepared. Compared to PEO‐based electrolytes, PFPE‐SE forms a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. At 70 °C, the lithium‐ion transference number and the electrochemical window reach 0.72 and 4.7 V, respectively. When tested at a discharge rate of 0.5 C, the Li|PFPE‐SE|LFP cell exhibits a specific capacity of 156.0 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention of 74.3% after 230 cycles, superiority the performance of the electrolyte prepared by mixing PEO with LiTFSI. This work presents a promising polymer electrolyte strategy for achieving high‐performance lithium metal batteries, leveraging the in situ construction of the SEI layer and the utilization of a single‐ion polymer.
Maximizing Bifunctionality for Overall Water Splitting by Integrating H2 Spillover and Oxygen Vacancies in CoPBO/Co3O4 Composite Catalyst
Authors: Bhabal Rinkoo , Bhide Aniruddha , Gupta Suraj , Fernandes Rohan , Patel Nainesh
Published: November 2024

In the pursuit of utilizing renewable energy sources for green hydrogen (H2) production, alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology. To improve the reaction rates of overall water electrolysis and simplify electrode manufacturing, development of bifunctional electrocatalysts is of great relevance. Herein, CoPBO/Co3O4 is reported as a binary composite catalyst comprising amorphous (CoPBO) and crystalline (Co3O4) phases as a high‐performing bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis. Owing to the peculiar properties of CoPBO and Co3O4, such as complementing Gibbs free energy values for H‐adsorption (ΔGH) and relatively smaller difference in their work functions (ΔΦ), the composite exhibits H2 spillover (HS) mechanism to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The outcome is manifested in the form of a low HER overpotential of 65 mV (at 10 mA cm−2). Moreover, an abundant amount of surface oxygen vacancies (Ov) are observed in the same CoPBO/Co3O4 composite that facilitates oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well, leading to a mere 270 mV OER overpotential (at 10 mA cm−2). The present work showcases the possibilities to strategically design non‐noble composite catalysts that combine the advantages of HS phenomenon as well as Ov to achieve new record performances in alkaline water electrolysis.
FeOOH Quantum Dots Assembled MXene‐Decorated 3D Photothermal Evaporator for Synergy Application in Solar Evaporation and Fenton Degradation
Authors: Liu Yifan , Li Deke , Tian Guangyi , Xu Chenggong , Chen Xionggang , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: November 2024

Solar‐driven water evaporation is considered as the sustainable approach to alleviate freshwater resource crisis through direct use of solar energy. However, it is still challenging to achieve the multifunctional solar evaporators equipped with both high evaporation and purification performance to handle practical complex wastewater. Here, a simple and cost‐effective multifunctional 3D solar evaporator is prepared by alternately decorating the commercial sponge with FeOOH quantum dots (FQDs) supported MXene sheets composites and chitosan hydrogel coatings for enabling the solar water evaporation and organic wastewater photodegradation simultaneously. MXene composites allow the solar evaporator with excellent photothermal conversion performance, the hydrophilic chitosan hydrogel coated interconnecting skeleton structures of sponge serve as the mass transfer and water transport channels. The Fenton‐catalytic FQDs anchored on the MXene sheets surface accept the photo‐generated electrons of MXene sheets to induce the organic pollutant photo‐Fenton degradation reaction under sunlight irradiation. The resulting evaporator possesses both excellent water evaporation rate of 2.54 kg m−2 h−1 and high degradation efficiency (99.24% for methylene blue), coupled with durable salt‐resisting performance during long‐term seawater desalination (20 wt.% NaCl). This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for designing multifunctional solar evaporators to meet the potential application scenarios in practice.
Navigating Carbon Peaking and Neutrality in MENA: The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness Using Panel PCSE and FGLS Techniques
Authors: Saeed Ummar Faruk , Twum Angelina Kissiwaa , Klugah Godfred Etse
Published: November 2024

In response to the global challenge of climate change and the drive towards carbon neutrality, this study investigates the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness (TO) on carbon emissions (CEM) within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The research spans 18 countries from 1990 to 2022, focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 13. Utilizing Porter's hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, the study applies quantitative methods including panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) to ensure robustness. To address potential endogeneity, two‐stage least squares and lagged effect estimations are employed. The findings reveal that both FDI and TO are associated with reduced CEM, indicating positive environmental impacts. Also, the pairwise causality tests show bidirectional causality between FDI, TO, and CEM, while a unidirectional causality is found from industrialization (IND) and energy consumption (EC) to CEM. These results underscore the importance of integrating FDI and TO into strategies for achieving carbon neutrality and advancing sustainable development goals, offering actionable insights for policymakers.
Towards value‐based rehabilitation: an analysis of South African policies for people with disabilities
Authors: Maart Rentia Amelia , Mji Gubela , Morris Linzette Deidré
Published: November 2024

South Africa has progressively established good healthcare policies and actively promotes the rights of people with disabilities. However, as the healthcare sector is moving towards value‐based care to achieve universal health coverage, it remains unclear whether South African rehabilitation policies provide sufficient guidance for delivering value‐based rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. This article attempts to ascertain whether the content of South African rehabilitation policies is aligned with value‐based care. Rehabilitation policies were identified through a literature search (including grey literature) and discussions with stakeholders in the health policy field. A framework for value‐based care was created for deductive policy content analysis. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to describe the content that correlates with the framework's components. The National Rehabilitation Policy and the Framework and Strategy for Disability and Rehabilitation Services were included in this study. Both documents aligned with the value‐based framework, however, various barriers in South Africa challenge value‐based rehabilitation services. We conclude that South Africa's rehabilitation policies can guide value‐based rehabilitation services. However, these policies need to be operationalized and supported by empirical data on disability and rehabilitation services. A concerted effort is required from the government to ensure the allocation of resources for the implementation of policy.
Contribution of DNA/RNA Structures Formed by Expanded CGG/CCG Repeats Within the FMR1 Locus in the Pathogenesis of Fragile X‐Associated Disorders
Authors: Broniarek Izabela , Niewiadomska Daria , Sobczak Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Repeat expansion disorders (REDs) encompass over 50 inherited neurological disorders and are characterized by the expansion of short tandem nucleotide repeats beyond a specific repeat length. Particularly intriguing among these are multiple fragile X‐associated disorders (FXds), which arise from an expansion of CGG repeats in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Despite arising from repeat expansions in the same gene, the clinical manifestations of FXds vary widely, encompassing developmental delays, parkinsonism, dementia, and an increased risk of infertility. FXds also exhibit molecular mechanisms observed in other REDs, that is, gene‐ and protein‐loss‐of‐function and RNA‐ and protein‐gain‐of‐function. The heterogeneity of phenotypes and pathomechanisms in FXds results from the different lengths of the CGG tract. As the number of repeats increases, the structures formed by RNA and DNA fragments containing CGG repeats change significantly, contributing to the diversity of FXd phenotypes and mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of RNA and DNA structures formed by expanded CGG repeats in driving FXd pathogenesis and how the genetic instability of CGG repeats is mediated by the complex interplay between transcription, DNA replication, and repair. We also discuss therapeutic strategies, including small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, and CRISPR‐Cas systems, that target toxic RNA and DNA involved in the development of FXds.
Integrated Biochemical and Computational Methods for Deciphering RNA‐Processing Codes
Authors: Du Chen , Fan Weiliang , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2024

RNA processing involves steps such as capping, splicing, polyadenylation, modification, and nuclear export. These steps are essential for transforming genetic information in DNA into proteins and contribute to RNA diversity and complexity. Many biochemical methods have been developed to profile and quantify RNAs, as well as to identify the interactions between RNAs and RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), especially when coupled with high‐throughput sequencing technologies. With the rapid accumulation of diverse data, it is crucial to develop computational methods to convert the big data into biological knowledge. In particular, machine learning and deep learning models are commonly utilized to learn the rules or codes governing the transformation from DNA sequences to intriguing RNAs based on manually designed or automatically extracted features. When precise enough, the RNA codes can be incredibly useful for predicting RNA products, decoding the molecular mechanisms, forecasting the impact of disease variants on RNA processing events, and identifying driver mutations. In this review, we systematically summarize the biochemical and computational methods for deciphering five important RNA codes related to alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, RNA localization, RNA modifications, and RBP binding. For each code, we review the main types of experimental methods used to generate training data, as well as the key features, strategic model structures, and advantages of representative tools. We also discuss the challenges encountered in developing predictive models using large language models and extensive domain knowledge. Additionally, we highlight useful resources and propose ways to improve computational tools for studying RNA codes.
Importance and satisfaction of motivation and setting factors among elk and deer hunters
Authors: Kaminski Abigail R. , Cerveny Lee K. , Rowland Mary M. , Wisdom Michael J. , Clark Darren A. , Blahna Dale J. , Helmer Matthew
Published: November 2024

Hunting has important social, cultural, economic, and conservation benefits. Information on hunters’ motivations and expectations for a hunting experience can help support decision‐making by state and federal wildlife managers. We surveyed deer (Odocoileus spp.) and elk (Cervus canadensis) hunters participating in controlled hunts in eastern Oregon to describe hunter characteristics and experiences, including the importance of hunting motivational factors and specific setting attributes (2017–2019; n = 501). We compared differences between hunters’ ratings of importance and satisfaction and identified factors of particular importance for hunters with different characteristics. Survey response rates were high, ranging from 97% in 2017 to 81% in 2019. We found that the intangible benefits of hunting were most important to hunters, with enjoyment and spending time with friends and family emerging as the top‐ranked hunting motivations by importance. Motivations differed by gender, age and hunting avidity. Women rated getting meat for themselves and family higher than did men ( = 4.67 vs. 4.26). Frequent hunters ranked many experiential elements of a hunt higher in importance than less frequent hunters (e.g., Seeing animals in the wild,  = 4.52 vs. 4.19; Fun and enjoyment,  = 4.50 vs. 4.21; Thrill of the chase,  = 4.34 vs. 3.97). Older hunters considered learning experiences less important than younger hunters (New experience, developing new skills,  = 2.72 vs. 3.52; Gaining knowledge about the outdoors,  = 3.14 vs. 3.83). We also found that the attributes of the specific hunt setting were less important than the broad factors that motivate hunting participation. Our results provide context for hunting retention and reactivation efforts and can be used to identify opportunities to recruit new hunters whose diversity reflects that of background populations in the U.S.
Exploring the Chemistry of Ruthenium Complexes with a Bidentate Barbiturate‐Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinylidene Ligand
Authors: Krzesiński Paweł , Gajda Katarzyna , Vendier Laure , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol , Bastin Stéphanie , César Vincent
Published: November 2024

A novel reactivity of 5‐barbiturate imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium 1⋅H with [Ru(2‐methylallyl)2(COD)] was explored which led to the formation of an uncommon, zwitterionic complex [Ru(1’)(1⋅H)], composed of the NHC ligand 1’, cyclometallated at one ortho‐methyl position of the N‐mesityl substituent, and the zwitterionic precursor 1⋅H. Barbiturate moieties coordinate either through a η3 mode or through coordination of the anionic oxygen atom to ensure the coordination saturation and stability to the complex. The addition of pivalic acid results in the protonolysis of the Ru‐Calkyl bond and demetallation of the N‐mesityl, while triphenylphosphine and pyridine are able to displace the rather labile 1⋅H ligand. Attempts to incorporate an alkylidene fragment from these complexes led to the isolation of a rare complex 7 bearing an alkylidene tethered to a η5‐cyclopentadienyl ligand formed by phenylacetylene tetramerization.
Investigation of activation energy of Maxwell fluid with Newtonian heat effect at the boundary layer flow on a cylinder embedded in porous medium
Authors: Sudarmozhi K. , Iranian D. , Albidah A. B. , Khan Ilyas
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the flow of Maxwell fluid over a cylinder, considering the combined effect of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and a permeable medium on the equation of momentum, heat generation and radiation on the equation of energy, and activation energy on the mass equation. The objective is to analyze the impression of these physical phenomena on the fluid's behavior under specified boundary conditions, with a focus on the Newtonian heating effect. The significance of this research lies in its application to industrial processes, polymer extrusion and cooling of metallic sheets, where controlling fluid flow and energy transfer is crucial. The dimensional governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration were changed into non‐dimensional forms via appropriate dimensionless quantities and similarity variables. The subsequent nonlinear ordinary differential equations were answered using the BPV4C inbuilt MATLAB solver. The key findings reveal that the concentration outline rises with a rise in activation energy and declines with a rise in the chemical reaction. Additionally, the Nusselt number profile displays an increasing trend with the Newtonian heating parameter, indicating enhanced heat transfer. Quantitative results demonstrate that the occurrence of a porous medium and MHD significantly impacts the velocity and temperature contours. The real‐time application of this study can be seen in the optimization and design of chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and cooling systems in engineering processes. The developed model delivers insights into controlling energy and mass transfer in processes involving stretching surfaces, which is essential for improving efficiency and product excellence in various industrial applications.
Cognitive Mechanisms of Being Imitated
Authors: Wicher Paula , Farmer Harry , Hamilton Antonia
Published: November 2024

Being mimicked (BeMim) arises when one person copies the actions or choices of another person, and several studies link BeMim to liking and affiliation. BeMim effects might occur for matching of motor actions but have also been reported for the imitation of preferences and values. In this chapter we discuss various approaches to studying BeMim, from live interactions to controlled methods in the lab and from virtual reality to observation studies. We suggest that the fundamental cognitive mechanism that support BeMim effects is still unknown and it is not yet clear if various BeMim paradigms tap the same cognitive mechanisms. Three possible neurocognitive models of BeMim are considered: a specialized BeMim model, a universal model which is domain general based on cognitive predictability and a social learning model. The latter seems to be the most promising based on the current evidence. We highlight the non-monotonic character of the BeMim effects—there may be a “sweet spot” where BeMim has positive consequences but too much or too little mimicry can mean that the mimicker’s action is judged negatively rather than positively. People also dislike mimickers if they have awareness of being mimicking by them. Finally, we discuss the gaps in the BeMim literature that need to be addressed to move the BeMim field forward.
Common Coding of Speech Imitation
Authors: Adank Patti , Wilt Hannah
Published: November 2024

Most current speech scientists regard both speech perception and production to be tightly linked. Hearing or seeing speech results in the engagement of a covert imitative response, also referred to as automatic imitation. Current theories of speech and language processing firmly incorporate close connections between speech perception and speech production. For instance, the integrated theory of language production and comprehension assumes that listeners rely on an analysis-by-synthesis process during speech comprehension. This process is predicted to engage covert imitation, especially for familiar speech utterances. Behaviorally, covert imitation can be evaluated using a paradigm originally developed in cognitive psychology, the stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) paradigm. While most SRC experiments employ manual stimuli, a small but growing set of studies have been using speech stimuli to clarify how observing speech results in a covert imitative response. However, it is unclear if the integrated theory can explain the effects reported from speech SRC studies. Here, we evaluate to which extent the theory of event coding (TEC) can explain results from automatic imitation experiments with speech stimuli. TEC is a framework for action planning and action perception based on the ideomotor principle and common coding principles of action and perception. TEC offers a flexible framework for evaluating the link between action perception and action production but has to date not been applied to speech processing. In this chapter, we evaluated how well the integrated theory and TEC can explain current findings. We conclude that TEC can account for more published results than the integrated theory, but that neither theory can explain all findings. Recommendations are made for improvements to both theories.
Levels of Imitation: Movements, Outcomes, and Goals
Authors: Hansen Jochim
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the differences between imitation based on movements and imitation based on outcomes or goals, respectively. The difference between outcome imitation and goal imitation is also briefly addressed. Experimental paradigms are introduced that help to disentangle the different levels of imitation. Conditions under which movement imitation or outcome/goal imitation dominate are highlighted, such as the imitator’s age, the salience of an outcome/goal, situational constraints in the model’s behavior, social group membership, and temporal or spatial distance from a model who is demonstrating an action. The chapter concludes with ideas for future research.
A Pluralistic Model of the Responsiveness of Law: The Case of Hungary
Authors: Matyasovszky-Németh Márton , Fábián Áron
Published: November 2024

The present chapter seeks to show that the application of traditional doctrinal legal methodology is not sufficient to understand the responsiveness of law. Indeed, it is necessary to draw on the methodological tools of socio-legal studies to accurately model how the law responds to social change (legal responsiveness). We attempt to outline a pluralistic theoretical framework to dislodge the commonplace notion that law merely mirrors society. This would enable jurisprudence to move beyond debates about the concept of law and take account of both external and internal legal culture, as well as the omnipresent phenomenon of legal pluralism, which we believe is essential for describing the responsiveness of law. To demonstrate the value of such an approach, we describe multiple areas, including technology and artificial intelligence regulation, which are increasingly focal topics for legal studies.