bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a Temperature Sensor for a Mars Surface Weather Station
Authors: Roe Charles
Published: February 2024

Mars, our nearest planetary neighbour, has long been the subject of intrigue and study. With its lack of magnetic field and very thin atmosphere, Mars provides a very hostile environment for missions as its weather systems and inability to hold heat make it complex and subtle. With the first human on Mars rapidly approaching reality, it is becoming more important than ever to have a thorough understanding of how the environment and weather vary on a large scale. So far, weather on Mars has only been measured on the ground at scales local to the landing craft or rover, and the Surrey Space Centre (SSC) has ambitions to be the first to fill this gap in understanding. This project begins that work. With a detailed review of the Mars surface environment, including weather and atmospheric effects, and challenges to overcome, this review includes a study on past, current, and planned future missions to the Mars surface, with a focus on instrumentation. Following this, a choice of instrument is made through a combination of past success, requirements of the mission, time and resource constraints, and personal interest. This choice, a temperature sensor to go on the future weather station, goes on to show that even the simplest measurement like temperature becomes increasingly complex in a challenging environment like the surface of Mars. I have overcome many of these challenges with iterative design and thorough testing of a prototype device suitable for the mission, and have paved the way for future work to achieve the ambitions of the SSC.
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of School Teachers in Kathmandu District
Authors: Khanal Sunita , Shrestha Sujita
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of general health. The high prevalence of dental diseases and conditions like dental caries, periodontitis, and malocclusion may lead to absenteeism from work as well as economic loss.

Objective: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of school teachers in Kathmandu district.

Methods:  An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January-June 2022 among the school teachers of Kathmandu after getting approval from the institutional review board of Kantipur Dental College. Informed consent was also obtained before the study. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 165 teachers participated in the study out of which 125 (75.80%) were females and 40 (24.20%) were males with a mean age of 36.29±10 were there. The prevalence of dental caries was 98 (59.40%), gingivitis138 (83.60%), periodontal pocket 40 (24.20%), and 39 (23.60%) had 4-5 mm pocket but only 1 (0.60%) had more than 6mm pocket, 2 (1.20%) had upper and 14 (8.50%) had lower dentures. There was no significant difference in dental caries and periodontal status among the government and private school teachers (p=0.081), (p=0.101) respectively but a significant difference in gingivitis status (p=0.001)

Conclusion: The oral health status of the teachers was not satisfactory since there was a high prevalence of dental diseases. So, it can be improved by periodically conducting oral health education programs at schools and motivating them
Odontogenic Keratocyst Imitating Lateral Periodontal Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Thapa Nabin , Acharya Pujan , Shrestha Ashish
Published: February 2024

Collateral Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC), a rare variant of OKC, is usually present in the mandibular premolar area and is often confused with lateral periodontal cysts due to common features. A 58-year-old male patient presented with a painless swelling in the mandibular left premolar area. The clinical and radiographical features were suggestive of a lateral periodontal cyst. Surgical enucleation followed by peripheral ostectomy was performed and the sample was sent for histopathological examination. The histopathological study demonstrated typical features of OKC. Owing to the high recurrence rate, the patient is kept on regular follow-up. During follow-ups, there were no clinical and radiographical signs of recurrences.
तरुण तपसीमा पूर्वीय दर्शन {Eastern Philosophy on Tarun Tapasi}
Authors: पोख्रेल Pokhrel ठाकुरप्रसाद Thakurprasad
Published: February 2024

लेखनाथ पौडेलको तरुण तपसी नव्यकाव्यमा पूर्वीय आस्तिक दर्शनको प्रयोग भएको पाइन्छ । यहाँ तपस्वीका रूपमा रहेको तरुको जीवन कष्टमय बनेर पनि अर्काको उपकारका निम्ति सदैव समर्पित भएको देखिन्छ । प्राकृतिक विपत्ति र प्राणीहरूको प्रहार सहेर तरुलाई दार्शनिक तपस्वीका रूपमा उपस्थित गराइएको छ । काव्यभित्र मानवमा निहित अहङ्कार, स्वार्थ, अन्याय, अत्याचार अनैतिक एवम्मानवताहीन व्यवहार अन्त्यका निम्ति नैतिक एवम्आध्यात्मिक प्रसङ्ग रहेको छ ।प्रस्तुत लेखमा विषयपरिचय, अध्ययनको विधि, पूर्वीय दर्शनको परिभाषा र अर्थ, पूर्वीय दर्शनको परम्परा, तरुण तपसीमा दर्शन र निष्कर्षजस्ता उपशीर्षकका आधारमा काव्यभित्र अवस्थित दर्शनको संक्षिप्त विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । भौतिक सुखसन्तुष्टि भनेका क्षणिक हुन्छन्, सांसारिक जगत्बाट प्राप्त हुने आनन्दभन्दा आध्यात्मिक ज्ञानबाट इहलोक र परलोक दुवैतिर ब्रह्मानन्द प्राप्त हुन्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
अनिदो पहाडसंगै उपन्यासको समाजशास्त्र : प्रजाति, क्षण र परिवेशका सन्दर्भमा {The Sociology of the Novel with Anido Pahad: In Context of Species, Moment and Setting}
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha चन्द्रमान Chandraman
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत शोधलेखमा पारिजातद्वारा लेखिएको अनिदो पहाडसँगै उपन्यासको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस शोधलेखमा साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रअन्तर्गतका विभिन्न विचार पद्धतिमध्ये हिप्पोली तेनद्वारा प्रतिपादित प्रत्यक्षवादी विधेयवादी धाराअन्तर्गतका प्रजाति, क्षण र परिवेशसम्बन्धी मान्यताका आधारमा ‘अनिदो पहाडसँगै’ उपन्यासको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा उपन्यासमा के कस्ता प्रजातिगत विशेषता प्रकट भएका छन् र त्यसमा पारिजातको प्रजातिगत विशेषताको कस्तो प्रभाव परेको छ भन्ने अध्ययन गर्नुका साथै उपन्यासले तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजको युगीन चिन्तन र भौगोलिक, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा राजनीतिक परिवेशलाई कसरी चित्रण गरेको छ भन्ने जिज्ञासाको समाधान खोज्ने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ ।अध्ययनको अन्त्यमा ‘अनिदो पहाडसँगै’ उपन्यासमा नेपाली समाजको चरित्रअनुरूप विभिन्न प्रजातिका पात्रहरूको प्रयोग भए पनि मङ्गोल प्रजातिका पात्रहरूको सशक्त उपस्थिति रहेकाले प्रजातिगत विशेषताको सघन अभिव्यक्ति भएको र तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजको युगीन चेतनालाई प्रस्तुत गर्नुका साथै सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक परिवेशको स्पष्ट चित्र उतारिएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
अश्वत्थामा हतोहतः नाटकमा मिथकीय सन्दर्भ {Mythological references in the play Ashwatthama Hatohatha}
Authors: खत्री Khatri विष्णुमाया Bishnumaya
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख अविनाश श्रेष्ठको अश्वत्थामा हतोहतः नाटकमा प्रयोग गरिएको मिथकीय सन्दर्भलाईविश्लेषण गर्नमा केन्द्रित छ । नेपाली साहित्यमा नवीन कथ्य र शैलीमा नाट्य रचना गर्ने अविनाश श्रेष्ठका नाटकमा महाभारतीय आख्यानमा अन्र्तिर्नहित मिथकलाई आधुनिक यथार्थवादी ढङ्गबाट व्याख्या गरिएको पाइन्छ । समालोचना क्षेत्रमा प्रयोग भएको मिथक सिद्धान्तका आधारमा श्रेष्ठको अश्वत्थामा हतोहतः नाटकमा रहेको मिथकीय सन्दर्भबाट विश्लेषण गर्नु यस लेखको मूल उद्देश्य हो। यस मूल उद्देश्यलाई पूर्णता दिनका लागि नाटकमा प्रयोग भएको विषयवस्तु, परिवेश र पात्रगत सन्दर्भमा आएको मिथकीय पक्षलाई निगमनात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरी खोजमूलक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट श्रेष्ठको यस अश्वत्थामा हतोहतः नाटकमा विषयगत, पात्रगत र परिवेशगत मिथकीयसन्दर्भ रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Perancangan Game Role-Playing sebagai Sarana Edukasi Sejarah Menggunakan Metode Game Development Life Cycle
Authors: Hilmawan Brian Nur , Yuniati Trihastuti
Published: February 2024

Sejarah sebagai suatu kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dapat menjadi sebuah pelajaran di masa yang akan datang bagi umat manusia. Ironisnya, generasi muda jaman sekarang lebih condong untuk mengadopsi budaya global. Kemajuan teknologi yang pesat membuat pengetahuan dalam lingkup teknologi lebih diminati, namun, bukan menjadi suatu alasan bagi calon generasi masa depan untuk melupakan pondasi tempat ibu pertiwi berdiri. Salah satu fenomena yang tidak asing di dengar adalah video game. Melihat hal ini, pengembangan video game yang juga akrab di adopsi pada tujuan yang lebih serius seperti edukasi, mendorong penelitian ini, yaitu untuk merancang suatu sistem game yang memiliki nilai edukasi yang dapat menghibur dan memberikan pengetahuan kepada penggunanya tentang pesan yang ingin diberikan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Metode Game Development Life Cycle yang dimulai dari tahap inisiasi untuk membentuk mindmap melalui brainstorming pengembang, pra-produksi guna membentuk low-fidelity prototype dan Game Document Design, produksi tahap dimana scene dibentuk, pengujian versi alpha oleh pengembang, hingga pengujian beta oleh pengguna potensial. Penelitian telah menghasilkan game “Keraton: Maja” yang berhasil dijalankan tanpa defect atau bug. Hasil pengujian kuesioner likert oleh beta tester mendapatkan rata-rata total nilai elemen sebesar 4,1 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem game dapat diterima dengan baik.
PROGRESS IN SEQUENCING OF THE COMPLETE HAPLOTYPE-RESOLVED DIPLOID GENOMES OF PLANTS
Authors: Chemeris D.A. , Kuluev B.R. , Patrushev M.V. , Garafutdinov R.R. , Chemeris A.V.
Published: February 2024

Now most of the genomes of higher organisms are assembled for haploid set of chromosomes, in which DNA fragments from paired chromosomes from different parents alternate in the mosaic order. In this regard, such assemblies are more logical to consider as quasi-genomes, since they do not provide accurate information about the relationship between genotype and phenotype. A new level of genome assembly is haplotype-resolved diploid genomes of higher organisms, including plants and their polyploid forms that have undergone cytological and functional diploidization. Given the importance of such genome assemblies, a large number of corresponding computer programs have been developed that allow phased genome assembly and analysis. To date, haplotype-resolved diploid genomes have been assembled for more than 60 species of plants. Among them are various agricultural plants, ornamental plants, fruit trees and shrubs, forest trees, medicinal plants and others. For the most part, they are represented by diploid plants, but there are also triploids, auto- and allo-tetraploids, hexaploids and even octaploids. The sizes of the assembled genomes also vary greatly - from 135 million bp to 21.6 billion bp. In many articles it is note that phased genome assembly helped to more accurately determine individual important characteristics of the studied plants, including origin, evolution, domestication, yield, resistance to diseases and pests, as well as better understanding of metabolic pathways and mechanisms of heterosis.
Pendampingan Penyusunan Unique Selling Point di Desa Wisata Borobudur, Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Sinuraya Suci Iriani , Wismaningtyas Tri Asih
Published: February 2024

The presence of Borobudur as one of the five Super Priority Areas (DSP) Tourism development needs to be carried out by participating in developing the surrounding area: first, so that the duration of tourist visits in Borobudur can be longer because there are other geographically integrated magnets that can be visited, and secondly so that it is sustainable If a tourist destination can maintain its presence, the community around the location of the Borobudur Temple destination must benefit from the existence of that destination. The existing Borobudur Temple is surrounded by a number of villages which support it, so the Directorate of Regional Tourism Destination Development I of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy then agreed that 3 villages around Borobudur Temple should be prioritized for developing tourist villages, namely Karanganyar Tourism Village, Karangrejo Tourism Village and Borobudur Village. Borobudur Village itself has responded to this business opportunity with plans to develop the unique potential in each hamlet through the Thematic Village Program, and of the 21 new hamlets, 6 hamlets have started to discover potential and develop it, 15 other hamlets are still in the process of exploring potential. The Tidar Magelang University Community Service Team responded to this situation and provided education about the need to develop a tourist village based on the unique potential that exists in the village. The uniqueness of the product/service must differentiate it from products from other tourist villages and be in line with what tourists expect. This understanding is useful for the management of a tourist village so that they can focus on its development and have an optimal impact on improving the welfare of the surrounding community.
Application of the Decision Tree Method to Decision Makin in Using Trucking Services at A Freight Forwarding Company
Authors: Hidayat Yusup Rachmat , Sya’aroh Siti
Published: February 2024

PT. Ricakusuma Lestari Abadi is a company operating in the freight forwarder sector by providing transportation services. Non-optimality and limited fleet capacity causes delivery activities to be inefficient in terms of time and cost. This research aims to determine the application of the decision tree method and determine the correct choice of decision making when using trucking services.

Selecting trucking services using the Decision Tree method is a decision tool that uses a tree-shaped decision model. Meanwhile, for data analysis using the Decision Analysis method and to make it more effective and efficient, Information Technology is used in the form of Quantitative Method (QM) For Windows 5 software.

The dependent variable in this research is the Decision Tree Method, and the independent variable is decision making. The data used in the research is field research and observation, direct observation at PT. Ricakusuma Lestari Abadi.

The results of this research produced a minimum yield for Colt Diesel Engkel (CDE) trucks of IDR 270,000 for the Jakarta Area in the AKU trucking category and IDR 382,500 for Bekasi destinations in the ATT trucking category. And the minimum yield on a Colt Diesel Double (CDD) truck is IDR 315,000 for the Jakarta Area with the AKU trucking category and IDR 472,500 for Bekasi with the ATT trucking category.
The Effect of Winding Yarn (Just In Time) on Winding Machine Productivity
Authors: Noorzaman Sandi , Hidayat Rachmat
Published: February 2024

An appropriate production system (just in time) is a concept that supports cost management to anticipate changes that occur in the industrial environment due to advances in technology and automation. In the just-in-time concept, production is carried out through a certain amount of inventory (inventory equals 0). This elimination of inventory amounts automatically eliminates carrying and other costs, leading to a decrease in tolerance levels for product errors.

The aim of this research is to find out and examine the influencing factors of input and output, just in time simultaneously which have a significant influence on production machines effectively and efficiently at PT. Asindo, and to find out and research the dominant influencing factors of just in time on production machines effectively and efficiently at PT. Asindo.

The results of the analysis show that the first hypothesis proposed in this research is that just-in-time production factors simultaneously have a significant influence on effective and efficient production machines at PT Asindo. This is supported by the results of the t-test, where the results show thatof (19.75) > t table of (2.03693). By looking at the value of R square = R=0.96135, meaning that the up-down variation of variable Y (effective and efficient production machines at PT. Asindo) is 92.419%, influenced by the independent variables in the model and the remaining 7.581% is due to other factors not included in this analysis. This means that the contribution of machine productivity in this model is good because it is more than 50%.

From a series of design activities to achieve high production volumes with minimum inventory or minimum defective products for production and finished products, where the winding machine in production only produces output according to demand requirements.
Gaya Komunikasi Publik Joko Widodo dalam Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden
Authors: Sukmana Oman , Komalawati Euis , Yuliasari Ika
Published: February 2024

The background of this study is situation The 2024 General Election began several years previously with the previous period coalition party bearer candidate president and vice presidential candidate, period after coalition party bearer candidate president and vice presidential candidate formed until approaching announcement candidate presidential and vice presidential candidates by party bearer. In the context that, Joko Widodo Still took office as President and communicated to the public with a diverse style of communication; the study aims to explain and analyze the Communication Style of Joko Widodo's Politics in the Election of President and Vice President in the 2024 General Election. Approach qualitative with paradigm constructivist used through method analysis Roland Barthes' Semiotics. The unit of analysis used is a Kompas TV YouTube video. The result shows Communication Style Joko Widodo's Politics in the Election President and Vice President in the 2024 General Election shows dynamics from before _ nomination President and Vice President, the future is approaching nomination President and Vice President to Commission General Election until the campaign period. In the early days of the General Election, Jokowi showed a Communication Style Controlling Style; in the future, Jokowi's public communication style Structuring Style during the campaign period in a way open, Jokowi pointed out style public communication Dynamic Style.
PERSPECTIVE SCIENTIFIC EDUCATIONAL DIRECTIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COAL INDUSTRY
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch RAS, Klishin V.I.
Published: February 2024

An outstanding input of Yury Malyshev in the reformation of coal mining has conditioned a technological development of the industry. Our reality dictates a further development of the new technologies, including the ones for underground coal extraction.
ACADEMICIAN LISITSYN: GLOBAL BIOLOGICAL FILTERS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROELEMENTS BIOGEOCHEMISTRY IN THE OCEAN
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Demina L.L.
Published: February 2024

Academician Alexander P. Lisitsyn has developed a theory of biogenic sedimentation and global biofilters in the ocean that became an important part of marine geology and geochemistry. As a follower of Academician V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Lisitsyn revealed a fundamental role of living matter in formation of the major part of the ocean bottom sediments. This paper presents some data on the trace metal biogeochemistry in the ocean, their bioaccumulation in the global ocean biofilters is quantitively evaluated.
Biological Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Kh. Hassanin Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

Diabetic nephropathy is the end stage renal disease that occurs as a result of diabetes. Cardiovascular and renal complications share common risk factors such as blood pressure, blood lipids, and glycemic control. Chronic kidney disease may predict cardiovascular disease in the general population. The impact of diabetes on renal impairment changes with increasing age. Serum markers of glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria identify renal impairment in different segments of the diabetic population, indicating that serum markers as well as microalbuminuria tests should be used in screening for nephropathy in diabetic people. The American Diabetes Association and the National Institutes of Health recommend Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from serum creatinine at least once a year in all people with diabetes for detection of kidney dysfunction. eGFR remains an independent and significant predictor after adjustment for conventional risk factors including age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking, obesity, blood pressure, and glycemic and lipid control, as well as presence of diabetic retinopathy.
The Etiology of Abnormal TSH in Veterans Cared by a VA Medical Center – One High Serum Thyrotropin is Associated with Higher 5-Years Mortality
Authors: Wu Sing-Yung.
Published: February 2024

Objective: By analyzing the etiology of abnormal TSH in randomly selected veteran patients, we set our heart on improving future clinical care/management of the clinical/subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism in the aging veteran population. Methods: A total of 1100 patients’ charts in alphabetical order were selected. Excluded cases of insufficient information, 897 patients’ charts were reviewed and analyzed for causes of abnormal TSH. Among them, 602 for the cause of low TSH (below 0.55 uU/mL) and 295 for high TSH (above 4.78 uU/mL) were reviewed retrospectively. Findings: Among the 1100 patients selected, 680 (61.8%) were 60 y or older (female=44, 6.8%); 420 were under 60 y (female=80, 19.0%); significantly more female patients were found in the younger age group (P<0.001). After excluding patients with insufficient data, the most common cause of suppressed TSH is iodine-induced, CT iodinated contrast and betadine use caused 35.0% in the older group (n=126) compared to 23.6% in the younger group(n=57) (P = 0.027). The significant difference is that older veterans received more contrast CTs (P < 0.05 compared to the younger group). In both age groups with concurrent FT4 study, we found four high FT4 among 90 studies, 4.4% overt hyperthyroidism. The second most common cause of suppressed TSH is due to thyroid hormone (TH) replacement in the older group (119 patients, 33.1%) with age > 60y, significantly more frequent compared to the younger group, P<0.001. There is significantly more overt hyperthyroidism, 27.8/%, than the iodine-load induced suppression of TSH, P<0.001, due to 17 patients on TSH suppression therapy after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Among the 295 patients with elevated TSH, the most common cause of high TSH was due to hypothyroidism on T4 replacement: a total of 128 (59.3%) in the older group (N=216) is, similar to 47 (59.5%) in the younger group (N=79). In both age groups, there were 139 patients with concomitant FT4 measurement; 17 overt hypothyroidism were found, 12.2%. No significant difference is seen in the two age groups. The next most common causes of elevated TSH are CT contrast infusion, 23 (10.6%) in the older group and 7 (8.9%) in the younger group. We find high TSH is associated with a higher death rate of 101/238 (42.4%) in a 5-year follow-up (from 2016 to 2021), as compared to low TSH of 68/238 (28.6%), in the older age group, p<0.03； both were significantly higher than the age- and sex-matched general US population, 19.7%, P<0.01. Conclusion: Even though most, ~ 90%, were subclinical, the suppressed and elevated TSH are associated with severe consequences in CV/CNS and immune-suppression complications in aging veterans. Therefore, cautious use (and more frequent check of TSH) of TH replacement and CT contrast in aging veterans is recommended. The alarming increase in the 5-year death rate in older patients with elevated TSH deserves further study.
Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: February 2024

Weight problems are defined as a not unusual chronic sickness of excessive frame fat and has grown to be a global epidemic that is no longer the handiest gift within industrialized international but also in many growing and even underdeveloped nations. At gift, the prevalence of weight problems (described as body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) is within the range of 15 – 30% in the growing populations in Europe, North America, and many Arabic international locations, with an unequivocal trend for in addition, increases [1]. This circumstance will increase the risk of growing diffusion of negative results to human health ranging from metabolic disturbances, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular headaches to problems with locomotor machines and many types of cancer [2]. In addition, weight problems impair the subjective nice of life in affected human beings and can reduce existence expectancy [3]. Although there is a very specific relationship between excessive frame weight and the risk of diabetes, obesity may additionally result in many other disturbances that can aggravate the diabetic state.
The History Diabetes Mellitus of The Reflection of Collection Tools
Authors: Anatolyevich Bugaevsky Konstantin
Published: February 2024

The article presents the materials of a study devoted to the reflection in the means of collecting the memory of the history of the study of the emergence, development and treatment of diabetes in children and adults (type I and II), as well as about the scientists who left their significant scientific and practical contribution to the problem of combating diabetes mellitus.
METHODS AND MEANS OF PROTECTING RESOURCES IN COMPUTER SDN NETWORK
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Savytska Liudmyla , Korobeinikova Tetiana ,   National university “Lvivska Politechnika”, Leontiev Ihor ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Bohomolov Serhii ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: February 2024

The work is dedicated to the analysis and improvement of methods and tools for building the architecture of software-defined networks (SDNs). A crucial aspect involves comparing the differences between network management using traditional methods and utilizing an SDN controller. Primary attention is given to the development of security models based on software-defined networks.The research is grounded in the analysis of specific cases involving the use of such networks, including gathering opinions and expert assessments from professionals in the field. It leverages publicly available information on methods and tools for securing the architecture of software-defined networks. SDN technology provides greater flexibility and speed in implementing security measures, allowing real-time responses to threats. In contemporary conditions, where cyber threats are becoming more complex and pronounced, SDN networks enable the detection of attacks, blocking malicious actions, and applying security policies in real-time. However, the increasing complexity of cyber threats and constant technological changes necessitate further development and enhancement of the information security of SDN network resources for companies. There is a need for further analysis and improvement of methods and tools for protecting information and other resources in computer-based SDN networks. The necessity for further analysis and improvement of methods and tools for protecting information and other resources in computer-based SDN networks serves as the foundation for this research. As a result, an enhancement in the level of information security for SDN network resources has been achieved by: 1) reducing the intervention time in the network; 2) applying an improved method of traffic processing based on network security of packet flows, allowing desired network applications to efficiently manage forwarding.
Вербальні вияви агресії в соціальних мережах (на матеріалі анкетування здобувачів спеціальності «Журналістика»)
Authors: Гандзюк Віталій , Кухар Ніна
Published: February 2024

Introduction. In modern linguistics, research into various manifestations of verbal aggression has intensified, particularly in social networks. The priority of the state policy of Ukraine is to ensure the protection of life and health, including mental health, of participants in the educational environment, therefore, in the process of working with students of higher education, the question of the nature of aggression, its forms, ways of spreading and prevention inevitably arises.
Purpose. The article analyzes the phenomenon of verbal aggression as a form of conflictogenic speech behavior in social networks; based on the material of an anonymous survey of students majoring in "Journalism", the level of awareness of students of higher education regarding verbal aggression in the virtual space was determined, and the linguistic means of implementing aggression in the form of ridicule (mockery), disrespectful comments, threats (intimidation) were characterized.
Methods. The main method of research iss anonymous questionnaire of students, the questions of the questionnaire are aimed at determining the linguistic means of aggression in social networks.
Results. The results of the anonymous survey of students majoring in "Journalism" regarding the manifestations of verbal aggression in the virtual space show that only 55 % of respondents are informed about verbal violence in social networks, 27 % of survey participants recognized themselves as the object of bullying. When answering other questions of the questionnaire, students testified to more cases of verbal aggression towards themselves, including verbal insults, mockery, intimidation, etc.
Originality. The relevance of our investigation is due to the strengthening of the processes of speech aggression in general and the insufficiency of studying the problem of verbal violence in the virtual communicative space, in particular, among students.
Conclusion. The results of the anonymous survey of students of higher education majoring in "Journalism" regarding verbal aggression as a form of conflict-causing speech behavior in social networks indicate the need to strengthen work with future media professionals to develop their ability to recognize manifestations of violence and adequately respond to them. In general, we note significant gaps in the knowledge of students of higher education of the speciality "Journalism" regarding verbal aggression - 45% of respondents do not have information about verbal violence in the virtual space. Questionnaire participants singled out the following hierarchy of forms of verbal aggression: disrespectful comments, ridicule (taunting), threats (intimidation), they primarily related to the appearance, behavior, and style of clothing of communicators; language means of aggression are defined as insulting statements, absent vocabulary, jokes (mostly without specification).
The Role of Yahya Haqqi in Egyptian Literature of the 20>sup>th Century
Authors: Uspenskaya N. A.
Published: February 2024

Yahya Haqqi is one of the most popular novelists in Egypt in the mid–twentieth century. He is known not only as an author of works of art. His books on the history of Egyptian literature, critical works, books of commemorations provide invaluable material about the life and activities of the literary circles of Egypt in the last century. He is the founder of the genre of “lauhat” (literary sketches) in Egyptian literature. The writer's artistic creativity reflects the development of Arabic short stories for more than forty years. His most famous works are “The Lamp of Umm Hashim”, “Awakening”, “The Postman”, “God bless you”. He is considered, first of all, the master of the novella, at the origins of which he stood in Egyptian literature. Yahya Haqqi plays a huge role in the creation of modern literary Arabic. He consciously set himself this task, scrupulously working on each phrase. He is the author of one of the most significant works of Arabic literature of the last century, his “Lamp of Umm Hashim” has become the most popular not only in Egypt, but throughout the Arab world.
Arabographic texts and the problem of reading
Authors: Redkin O. I.
Published: February 2024

This article explores the development of the Arabographic tradition during the early centuries of Islam. Evidence from pre-Islamic graffiti, poetry, and prose, as well as other sources, suggests the existence of an established writing tradition in western Arabia during this period. Furthermore, the Quran contains indications of the use of written documents. This graphic system enabled writing not only occasional or brief text fragments, but also significant volumes of information. The codification of the Quran marked a pivotal moment in the final transition from an oral to a written cultural tradition. The earliest handwritten fragments of the sacred text, as well as epigraphy, enable tracing the progression from a basic to a more intricate writing system. This comprised distinctive signs for consonant graphemes, vowel indicators, regular utilization of matres lectionis, and so on. The surviving documents also demonstrate a broad range of script variations. Later on, in the 8th century, early medieval Muslim scholars transcribed the poetic heritage and prose of the Jahiliyyah period using this graphic system.
The Leningrad (dating to the siege) edition of “The song of Roland” (1943)
Authors: Mikulsky D. V.
Published: February 2024

A.A. Dolinina is the contemporary of the 2nd World War at the territory of the former Soviet Union and of the Siege of Leningrad. We gained the Victory owing to the firmness of our soldiers and civilians, as well as thanks to the devout serving of those, on whom it was bestowed to preserve and to present to the Nation the great Universal and National cultural values. A testimony of that is the edition of a free translation of “The Song of Roland”, carried out in 1943, soon after the break of the Siege. It is a worthy landmark of that Great Epoch.
Impact of QAED Punjab Promotion-linked Training on Developing Teachers' Competencies for School Educational Leaders in Punjab: A Meta-Analytic Study
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Tariq Ayesha , Arif Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Training has a significant impact on teachers’ development. This study aims for a meta- analysis on the impact of the Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development (QAED)/DSD Punjab's promotion-linked training program enhancement of teachers' competencies, specifically focusing on their role as educational leaders in schools across Punjab, especially school leaders. The data sources in this meta-analysis research are nine national research papers that have been published from 2018 to 2023. The method of selecting data sources is the PRISMA method. The data sources are Google Scholar, Eric, and Proquest. Data analysis is a quantitative and qualitative analysis that involves calculating the effect size value, standard error, and average value (mean) with the help of the application. The study indicates that the research explores various dimensions of teachers' competencies, such as pedagogical skills, classroom management, communication, curriculum development, and innovative teaching methods.
Public Secondary Schools' Early Childhood Education System and its Effectiveness for Learners in Punjab Province
Authors: Farmayash Mirza Zafarullah , Ali Shafqat , Mehmood Samra
Published: February 2024

In contrast to underdeveloped nations, developed countries worldwide have achieved dominance through their focus on research and education. This study aimed to investigate initiatives in early childhood education by examining the perspectives of teachers and school principals. The data was gathered from 140 teachers and 140 principals in Kasur, utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the ECE system and its effectiveness. The research reveals that early childhood education initiatives are largely effective when accompanied by the necessary resources and facilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended that ECE classrooms be developed in a systematic manner, with a defined feedback mechanism in place. ECE teachers should actively promote cooperative learning among children and work to enhance students' enthusiasm for learning. Furthermore, a well-structured training system should be implemented for the capacity building of teachers.
Physical Activity and Trajectory of Cognitive Change in Older Persons: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging
Authors: Krell-Roesch Janina , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Bezold Jelena , Trautwein Sandra , Barisch-Fritz Bettina , Boes Klaus , Woll Alexander , Forzani Erica , Kremers Walter K. , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Vassilaki Maria , Geda Yonas E.
Published: February 2024

Background: Little is known about the association between physical activity (PA) and cognitive trajectories in older adults. Objective: To examine the association between PA and change in memory, language, attention, visuospatial skills, and global cognition, and a potential impact of sex or Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status. Methods: Longitudinal study derived from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, including 2,060 cognitively unimpaired males and females aged ≥70 years. Engagement in midlife (ages 50–65) and late-life (last year) PA was assessed using a questionnaire. Neuropsychological testing was done every 15 months (mean follow-up 5.8 years). We ran linear mixed-effect models to examine whether mid- or late-life PA at three intensities (mild, moderate, vigorous) was associated with cognitive z-scores. Results: Light intensity midlife PA was associated with less decline in memory function compared to the no-PA reference group (time x light PA; estimate [standard error] 0.047 [0.016], p = 0.004). Vigorous late-life PA was associated with less decline in language (0.033 [0.015], p = 0.030), attention (0.032 [0.017], p = 0.050), and global cognition (0.039 [0.016], p = 0.012). Females who were physically inactive in midlife experienced more pronounced cognitive decline than females physically active in midlife and males regardless of PA (p-values for time interaction terms with midlife PA levels and sex were all p < 0.05 for global cognition). APOE ε4 carriership did not moderate the association between PA and cognition. Conclusion: Engaging in PA, particularly of vigorous intensity in late-life, was associated with less pronounced decline in global and domain-specific cognition. This association may differ by sex.
Better Subjective Sleep Quality Partly Explains the Association Between Self-Reported Physical Activity and Better Cognitive Function
Authors: Cheval Boris , Maltagliati Silvio , Sieber Stefan , Cullati Stéphane , Zou Liye , Ihle Andreas , Kramer Arthur F. , Yu Qian , Sander David , Boisgontier Matthieu P.
Published: February 2024

Background: Physical activity has been associated with better cognitive function and better sleep quality. Yet, whether the beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive function can be explained by an indirect pathway involving better sleep quality is unclear. Objective: To investigate whether sleep quality mediates the association between physical activity and cognitive function in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods: 86,541 community-dwelling European adults were included in the study. Physical activity and sleep quality were self-reported. Indicators of cognitive function (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency) were assessed using objective tests. All measures were collected six times between 2004 and 2017. The mediation was tested using multilevel mediation analyses. Results: Results showed that self-reported physical activity was associated with better self-reported sleep quality, which was associated with better performance in all three indicators of cognitive function, demonstrating an indirect effect of physical activity on cognitive function through sleep quality. The mediating effect of sleep quality accounted for 0.41%, 1.46%, and 8.88% of the total association of physical activity with verbal fluency, immediate recall, and delayed recall, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-reported sleep quality partly mediates the association between self-reported physical activity and cognitive function. These results need to be confirmed by device-based data of physical activity and sleep quality.
Genetic Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease Modulate How Diet is Associated with Long-Term Cognitive Trajectories: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Klinedinst Brandon S. , Le Scott T. , Larsen Brittany , Pappas Colleen , Hoth Nathan J. , Pollpeter Amy , Wang Qian , Wang Yueying , Yu Shan , Wang Li , Allenspach Karin , Mochel Jonathan P. , Bennett David A. , Willette Auriel A.
Published: February 2024

Background: Fluid intelligence (FI) involves abstract problem-solving without prior knowledge. Greater age-related FI decline increases Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, and recent studies suggest that certain dietary regimens may influence rates of decline. However, it is uncertain how long-term food consumption affects FI among adults with or without familial history of AD (FH) or APOE4 (ε4). Objective: Observe how the total diet is associated with long-term cognition among mid- to late-life populations at-risk and not-at-risk for AD. Methods: Among 1,787 mid-to-late-aged adult UK Biobank participants, 10-year FI trajectories were modeled and regressed onto the total diet based on self-reported intake of 49 whole foods from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Daily cheese intake strongly predicted better FIT scores over time (FH-: β = 0.207, p < 0.001; ε4–: β = 0.073, p = 0.008; ε4+: β = 0.162, p = 0.001). Alcohol of any type daily also appeared beneficial (ε4+: β = 0.101, p = 0.022) and red wine was sometimes additionally protective (FH+: β = 0.100, p = 0.014; ε4–: β = 0.59, p = 0.039). Consuming lamb weekly was associated with improved outcomes (FH-: β = 0.066, p = 0.008; ε4+: β = 0.097, p = 0.044). Among at risk groups, added salt correlated with decreased performance (FH+: β = –0.114, p = 0.004; ε4+: β = –0.121, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Modifying meal plans may help minimize cognitive decline. We observed that added salt may put at-risk individuals at greater risk, but did not observe similar interactions among FH- and AD- individuals. Observations further suggest in risk status-dependent manners that adding cheese and red wine to the diet daily, and lamb on a weekly basis, may also improve long-term cognitive outcomes.
The Impact of Long Working Hours on Cognitive Function: A Follow-Up Study with Gender Stratification
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Choi Joon Yul , Lee Wanhyung
Published: February 2024

Background: Recent studies have shown that long working hours can have adverse consequences on health and possibly trigger biological processes that mediate the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Objective: To investigate whether long working hours and the overall duration such exposure is associated with a decline in cognitive function. Methods: Data obtained during the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 2,518) during the period 2006–2018 were used to explore the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were used to evaluate declines in K-MMSE scores over the 12-year study period. Results: Overall HR (95% CI) for a decline in cognitive function in long working hours group was 1.13 (0.73–1.17). When categorized by sex, women with long working hours had an HR (95% CI) of 1.50 (1.05–2.22), K-MMSE scores decreased significantly after working long hours for 5 years (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study furthers understanding of the effects of long working hours on cognitive decline among female workers. Further research is required to determine the effects of long working hours on cognitive functions.
Sleep Disturbances, Changes in Sleep, and Cognitive Function in Low-Income African Americans
Authors: Troxel Wendy M. , Haas Ann , Dubowitz Tamara , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Butters Meryl A. , Gary-Webb Tiffany L. , Weinstein Andrea M. , Rosso Andrea L.
Published: February 2024

Background: Sleep problems may contribute to the disproportionate burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) among African Americans (AAs). Objective: To examine the role of sleep problems in contributing to cognitive function and clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment in a predominantly AA sample. Methods: This study (n = 216, 78.8% female; mean age = 67.7 years) examined associations between 1) the level (i.e., measured in 2018) and 2) change over time (from 2013 to 2018; n = 168) in actigraphy-assessed sleep with domain-specific cognitive function and clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment (2018) in a community-dwelling, predominantly AA (96.9%) sample. A comprehensive cognitive battery assessed global cognitive function (3MS) and domain-specific cognitive function (attention, visuo-spatial ability, language, delayed recall, immediate recall, and executive function) in 2018. Sleep was measured in 2013 and 2018 via actigraphy. Results: Higher sleep efficiency and less wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO; measured in 2018) were associated with greater attention, executive function, and visuospatial ability. Increases in sleep efficiency between 2013 and 2018 were associated with better executive function, language, immediate recall, and visuospatial ability, whereas increases in WASO (2013–2018) were associated with poorer attention, executive function, and visuospatial ability. Level or change in sleep duration were not associated with domain-specific cognitive function, nor were any sleep measures associated with clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment. Conclusion: In a predominantly AA sample of older adults, both the level and change (i.e., worsening) of sleep efficiency and WASO were associated with poorer cognitive function. Improving sleep health may support ADRD prevention and reduce health disparities.
Brain Structure in Bilingual Compared to Monolingual Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease: Proof of Concept
Authors: Raji Cyrus A. , Meysami Somayeh , Merrill David A. , Porter Verna R. , Mendez Mario F.
Published: February 2024

Background: Bilingualism is increasingly recognized as protective in persons at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: Compare MRI measured brain volumes in matched bilinguals versus monolinguals with AD. Methods: This IRB approved study analyzed T1 volumetric brain MRIs of patients with criteria-supported Probable AD. We identified 17 sequential bilinguals (any native language) with Probable AD, matched to 28 (62%) monolinguals on age and MMSE. Brain volumes were quantified with Neuroreader. Regional volumes as fraction of total intracranial volume (TIV) were compared between both groups, and Cohen’s D effect sizes were calculated for statistically significant structures. Partial correlations between bilingualism and brain volumes adjusted for age, gender, and TIV. Results: Bilinguals had higher brain volumes in 37 structures. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was observed in brainstem (t = 2.33, p = 0.02, Cohen’s D = 0.71) and ventral diencephalon (t = 3.01, p = 0.004, Cohen’s D = 0.91). Partial correlations showed statistical significance between bilingualism and larger volumes in brainstem (rp = 0.37, p = 0.01), thalamus (rp = 0.31, p = 0.04), ventral diencephalon (rp = 0.50, p = 0.001), and pallidum (rp = 0.38, p = 0.01). Bilingualism positively correlated with hippocampal volume, though not statistically significant (rp = 0.17, p = 0.26). No brain volumes were larger in monolinguals. Conclusion: Bilinguals demonstrated larger thalamic, ventral diencephalon, and brainstem volumes compared to matched monolinguals with AD. This may represent a neural substrate for increased cognitive reserve in bilingualism. Future studies should extrapolate this finding into cognitively normal persons at risk for AD.