bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
British North America circa 1823
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Depicted on this map is British North America less than one hundred years after the fall of New France. It also shows the emergence of British influence prior to Confederation. British North America circa 1823 was comprised of Lower Canada, Upper Canada, New
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland (including the Labrador Coast). The Northwest Territories were considered British possessions, while the Hudsons Bay Company controlled Ruperts Land. The United States and Britain jointly administered the Oregon Territory. This map along
with New France circa 1740 shows the settlement and population in Canada for two important periods in Canadian history prior to Confederation.
Beef Cattle by Census Division, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 1996, Canadian exports of cattle and beef accounted for 2.1 billion, the second single largest agricultural export product after wheat ($4.7 billion). Although 72% of the cow-calf farms are in Western Canada, Eastern Canada is still an important meat
producer and represents most of the Canadian beef market. Beef cows outnumber dairy cows in every province except Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador. The slaughter has undergone major structural changes in the nineties. Today the top four slaughter and processing plants account for 70% to
75% of the total slaughter, compared with 53% in 1992.
Base-metal Mines, 2004
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map depicts the 28 base-metal mines that operated for any period during 2004. Base-metal mines produce primarily copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cobalt, molybdenum and magnesium. There were no active base-metal mines in the Yukon Territory, Northwest
Territories, Nunavut, Alberta, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia or Newfoundland and Labrador for this year. The locations of 22 selected base-metal production facilities are shown to provide an industrial context for base-metal mining activity.
Average Annual Employment Growth, 2001 - 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Between 2001 and 2006, total employment in Canada increased at an annual average rate of 1.7%, the fastest rate increase among the Group of Seven (G7) nations. Italy's growth rate of 1.2% was second followed by France and the United States of America.
Employment rose in every part of the country. Over the five years, the 1.7% annual average national employment growth rate was surpassed only in Alberta (2.9%) and British Columbia (2.1%) and the three territories. The map shows the average annual growth rate between 2001 and 2006 by
census subdivision.
April Mean Total Precipitation
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the mean total precipitation in the month of April. April is a transitional month across much of southern Canada, when snow is still possible but rainfall begins to dominate the precipitation regime. Precipitation amounts across the southern
interior of Canada are somewhat greater than those in January, as air temperatures warm in response to the increasing strength and duration of sunshine. Rainfall amounts onshore along British Columbias west coast are still in the range of 200 to 300 millimetres, somewhat less than the values in
January. Likewise, in the Atlantic Provinces, precipitation amounts are less than in January, but the distribution of monthly precipitation is not as variable annually as on the Prairies or the west coast. Across northern Canada, it is still very much winter, with almost all precipitation falling as
snow.
April Mean Daily Minimum Temperatures
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the mean daily minimum temperatures for April. Minimum temperatures in April are below freezing for most of Canada. Minimum temperatures in April are below freezing for most of Canada. Only extreme southern Ontario, extreme southern Nova Scotia and
coastal British Columbia have normal minimum temperatures above freezing. This represents a major warming from January values for all of southern Canada, but winter conditions still dominate the north.
All Resource-reliant Communities, 2001
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

There are nearly 2000 reliant-communities shown on this map. They represent all the communities that have a substantial economic reliance on activities directly related to one of five resource sectors agriculture, energy, fisheries, forestry and
mining.
Air Carrier Routes, 2006 - West Jet
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote
communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation
route.
Air Carrier Routes, 2006 - Regional Carriers
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote
communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation
route.
Air Carrier Routes, 2006 - Air Canada
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote
communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation
route.
Air Carrier Routes, 2006
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, there were 2311 airline licences issued to 1580 foreign and domestic airlines operating in Canada. Domestically, Air Canada and its partner Jazz were the largest airline in 2006 followed by WestJet. There were 45 airlines that provided service to remote
communities and smaller niche markets. Each air route represents an origin destination pair between two airports that may be shared by one or more air carriers. The non-stop air routes shown on the map represent the straight line distance between two airports and not the actual flight navigation
route.
Agriculture-reliant Communities, 2001
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

There are 804 communities that are at least 30% reliant on agriculture and agricultural products processing. Of these communities, the majority (502) have a reliance of 50% or higher and 302 have a reliance between 30 and 49%.
Age of Rocks
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The geologic time scale divides the 4.6 billion years of earths history into hierarchy of time periods. Every layer of rock corresponds to a specific time in the history of the formation of the Earth. The Precambrian era began with the formation of the Earth; it
was followed by the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. Each of these eras is divided into periods, the periods into epochs, and epochs into ages. Paleontological studies and isotopic dating methods are used to determine the time divisions.
Active Metal Mines, 2004
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map depicts the 66 metal mines that operated for any period during 2004. There were no active metal mines in the Yukon Territory, Alberta, Prince Edward Island or Nova Scotia for this year.
Active Metal Mines, 2003
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map depicts the 69 metal mines that operated for any period during 2003. There were no active metal mines in the Yukon Territory, Nunavut, Alberta, Prince Edward Island or Nova Scotia for this year.
Aboriginal Peoples circa 1740
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the distribution of Aboriginal peoples early in the eighteenth century after a hundred years of Aboriginal-European contact at the time of the French Regime. Ethnohistorical societies are identified on the map by the major linguistic family to
which they belong. Ethnohistorical societies are Aboriginal peoples that were known by name and location to Europeans early in the eighteenth century. A linguistic family code identifies each ethnohistorical society on the map and is used to reference specific information for each ethnohistorical
society (refer to the Atlas of Canada's 5th Edition map Native Peoples 1740 for the information).
Physical Components of Watersheds
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The physical components of a watershed are rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs, groundwater aquifers, snowpacks, glaciers, ice fields, wetlands and precipitation. This map shows the different hydrological components of a watershed, some physical components that
affect watersheds and some components that describe watersheds. The original map consisted of several optional layers to show the characteristics of the physical environment that effected or affected watersheds. Only layers from the original map that could be viewed simultaneously without loss of
information are mapped. Refer to the map text for the complete list of the physical components of watersheds that were originally mapped.
Borderlands - Arctic Physiographic Regions
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the location of the Arctic physiographic regions which include the Innuitian Region, the Arctic Lowlands and the Arctic Coastal Plains.
Borderlands - Cordilleran Physiographic Region
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the location of the Cordilleran physiographic region. The Cordilleran Region is divided into three large linear zones called the Eastern System, the Interior System and the Western System. Each system is further divided into areas and subdivided
into mountains, ranges, plateaus, hills, valleys, trenches, basins and plains. Each has its own geological and physiographic characteristics. The Cordillera is also divided transversely into a number of segments by east-west belts of relatively low terrain.
Borderlands - Interior Plains Physiographic Region
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the location of the Interior Plains physiographic region. The Interior Plains occupy the region between the Shield on the east and the mountains of the Cordilleran Region on the west. They join with the St. Lawrence Lowlands of eastern Canada
through the United States and are separated from the Arctic Lowlands by the Amundsen Gulf.
Surficial Materials
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Most unconsolidated materials covering the Canadian landmass have glacial origins. Some sediments were entrained by glaciers and deposited at a distance without being sorted. Other sediments were picked up and reworked by glacial melt water, or transported and
deposited by river or wind action. Some sediments are organic or volcanic in origin. Sediments are classified according to the manner in which they were transported and deposited.
Major Floods
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Floods are part of the natural hydrological cycle (the seasonal fluctuation of water levels) and occur along rivers and streams somewhere in Canada every year. Flooding is a common natural hazard that has caused 260 known disasters since 1900, resulting in the
loss of 235 lives and 8.7 billion dollars in damage. This map depicts 260 flood disaster events from 1902 - 2005.
Forest Fire Areas 1980 - 2003
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Forest fires are an important part of the Canadian landscape. The number of fires and area burned can vary dramatically from year to year, but there are more than 8000 reported wildfires in Canada during a typical year, burning an average of 2.5 million hectares
or 25 000 square kilometres. Only 3 percent of fires in Canada reach a final size greater than 200 hectares, but these fires are responsible for 97 percent of the total area burned. This map shows fires greater than 1000 hectares. The data represent a compilation of all fire point location and areas
for fires greater than 1000 hectares, as provided by fire management agencies of provinces, territories and Parks Canada.
Forest Fire Ignitions by Cause 1959 - 1999
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Forest fires are an important part of the Canadian landscape. The number of fires and area burned can vary dramatically from year to year, but there are more than 8000 reported wildfires in Canada during a typical year, burning an average of 2.5 million hectares
or 25 000 square kilometres. Only 3 percent of fires in Canada reach a final size greater than 200 hectares, but these fires are responsible for 97 percent of the total area burned. This map shows the forest fire ignition causes for fires greater than 200 hectares. The data represent a compilation
of all fire point location and perimeters for fires greater than 200 hectares, as provided by fire management agencies of provinces, territories and Parks Canada.
Wildfire Evacuations 1980-2003
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Every year in Canada, thousands of people are evacuated from their homes and workplaces due to the threat of wildfire, and thousands more are put on evacuation alert. The wildland-urban interface refers to residential, industrial or agricultural developments that
are located within or near forested or grassland areas. Each year, more and more Canadians live, work and play in these forested areas and therefore live with the threat of wildfire. Evacuations are ordered for a number of reasons: danger to life and property, health risks and poor visibility due to
smoke, and road closures preventing access to a community. The resulting disruptions to lives, businesses and transportation can have serious economic and social consequences; however, evacuations are essential to save lives and allow management personnel to do their jobs. No civilian lives have
been lost due to wildfire in Canada since 1938. This map shows the number of persons evacuated due to wildfires during the period 1980 to 2003.
Major Avalanches
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Avalanches are a mass movement of snow and ice down a hillside. They occur when unique circumstances of climate and topographic factors come together. This maps shows major avalanches beginning with the Rogers Pass avalanche in 1906 and extending to the 1999
avalanche in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec.
Major Hailstorms
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Hail is precipitation consisting of ice pellets with a diameter of 5 millimetres or more. Hailstorms can occur anywhere in Canada. The most common period when hailstorms occur is from May to July, usually occurring with afternoon thunderstorms. Hailstorm with
large hail pellets is spectacularly damaging. Smaller storms during the summer growing season cause serious damage to crops. This map shows some of the major hailstorms that happened in Canada since the beginning of the 20th Century to 1999.
Major Hurricanes that Affected Canada
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

« Hurricane » is one of the names given to a tropical storm whose winds revolve around a center of low pressure called the eye, at a minimum speed of 120 kilometres per hour. At a center of hurricanes vortex - the eye - there is calm area of blue sky.
Around this central column, there are very strong winds accompanied by torrential rains. A large area beyond the system is affected by violent winds and heavy continuous rain. It is usually this outer area that affects eastern parts of Canada between June and November. It is rare for hurricanes to
hit Canada with their full force. Canadas best-known hurricane was Hurricane Hazel, October 1954. This map shows some of the major hurricanes that affected Canada since the beginning of the 20th century to 1999.
Major Tornadoes
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Tornadoes are columns of air that spin at a high rate of speed. They are small in scale but can be very violent. The area affected by a tornado's passage is between about 40 and 400 metres in width and between 1.7 and 36 kilometres in length. During a tornado the
damage is due to wind as well as an extremely sudden drop in pressure. Tornadoes vary in intensity, measured on the Fujita or F scale, graduated from 0 to 5 based on the level of damage. The main season for tornadoes is from April to October, and every province is subject to the risk of tornadoes.
This layer shows some of the major tornadoes that happened in Canada since the beginning of the 20th century to 1999.
Storm Surge
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Storm surges occur in coastal areas when strong onshore winds and low atmospheric pressure during passing storms raise water levels along the shore above predicted levels. Storm surges occur on all four Canadian coasts (Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic and Great Lakes).
The most severe known surges in Canada have been 2 to 3 metres high (well over the head of the average person). Severe storm surges that occur on high tides or during high lake levels can result in flood damage, evacuation of communities and loss of life. This map shows that a qualitative estimate
of storm-surge hazards for selected representative locations varies in severity and frequency in different areas of coastal Canada. On this map, a low frequency means one surge every few years, a medium frequency indicates one surge every year and a high frequency represents several surges every
year. Low severity corresponds to some flooding or erosion during large surges, with minor resulting damage. Medium severity indicates moderate flooding or erosion during large surges, with moderate damage. High severity means extensive flooding or severe erosion during large surges, with
significant damage.
Major Volcanoes
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

There are many geologically active volcanoes along the Canadian Cordillera in British Columbia and the Yukon. Recurrent earthquakes below our feet and gigantic mountain ranges rising majestically upward remind us that this part of Canada is geologically active.
The possibility of an eruption, even a large explosive one, cannot be ruled out. The map shows the major volcanoes and areas with significant accumulation of volcanic ash.
Protected Areas through Time
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

A protected area is a geographically defined area that is designated, regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives. Canada has a long history of establishing protected areas. The first such area, Banff National Park, was created in 1885.
Although there was a conscious effort to establish policies to protect land and wildlife in the early years after Confederation, networks of protected areas have been created more systematically in more recent decades as a means to set aside areas free from resource-extraction activities. Over time,
an increasing diversity of protected-area types has been created: forest reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and ecological reserves, to name but a few. This map illustrates the 1385 protected areas in Canada as of 2007, that are greater than 10 square kilometres and administered by the
federal, provincial, territorial and Aboriginal governments. They are classified according to the year they were established, and together illustrate the progression through time in the growth of Canadas protected areas.
Wetland Regions
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Wetlands mainly occur low in the landscape and form areas of groundwater discharge. This aids in the accumulation and composition of peat, as water moves slowly in wetlands. Local topography and sediment characteristics, such as an underlying low-permeability
clay layer, can lead to wetlands acting as areas of recharge to groundwater and discharge to surface drainage. Water levels vary in wetlands due to climate, seasonal factors, and large water losses to evapotranspiration
Reference Map of Canada (2009)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This is a general reference map of Canada and surrounding countries. The representation of political features on this map does not necessarily reflect the position of the Government of Canada on international issues of recognition, sovereignty or jurisdiction.
Political status is as of 2009.
The 38th Federal Election, 2004
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the official results of the 38th Federal Election, held on June 28, 2004.
The 39th Federal Election, 2006
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the official results of the 39th Federal Election, held on January 23, 2006.
The 40th Federal Election, 2008
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the official results of the 40th Federal Election, held on October 14, 2008.
Age, 1996 - Early Working Years (15 to 34 years) by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The segment of the population 15 to 34 years of age is considered to be the population that is starting jobs, purchasing first homes and having children. This map exhibits some interesting patterns that contrast well with the other age group maps. One notable
pattern is the higher proportion of early working years people in urban centres. This age group migrates to urban areas to seek employment opportunities. There are lower proportions of this group in many other regions of the country. For example, the agricultural regions of the Prairies, Ontario,
Quebec and Nova Scotia all show low proportions of early working years population.
Age, 1996 - The Golden Years (65 to 74 years) by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The population 65 to 74 years of age is in their "Golden Years". This is an age when many are no longer in paid employment and have a pension and investment income. To add to the income stability is continuing good health. A number of patterns are evident on this
map. The clearest of these is the north to south increase in the proportion of those in the 65 to 74 years of age range. High fertility rates and relatively lower life expectancies in the north contribute to this distribution. A high proportion of this portion of the population can be clearly seen
in the Okanagan Valley, Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of British Columbia, the coastal area of Nova Scotia and even more distinctly in the Muskoka and Georgian Bay areas of Ontario. This pattern reflects the attraction of these areas for retirement homes.
Age, 1996 - Later Working Years (35 to 64 years) by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The segment of the population between 35 and 64 years of age are considered the population in the latter half of their working life. They have, for the most part, finished having children, are in the upper end of their earning potential, children are leaving the
nest, mortgages are paid and assets are increasing. This map exhibits a few interesting patterns when compared with other maps in the age structure. Compared to the early working years group, the later working years segment is less concentrated in the inner parts of the city. Higher proportions are
evident on the census subdivision layer in areas outside of cities reflecting past suburban migration patterns. In the north the area outside the populated places is dominated by a high proportion of people in their later working years. Note that very small populations exist in many large census
divisions and subdivisions in the North.
Age, 1996 - The Oldest Old (75 years and over) by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The population 75 years of age and over is referred to as the "Oldest Old". This group is distinct owing to the noticeable changes in the health status, which are reflected by the different patterns apparent on the map. One pattern that is evident on the layer
containing the census divisions and is even more so when observing the census subdivision layer at a greater zoom is that several census divisions containing cities belong to the highest class. See for example Halifax, Fredericton, Saint John, Charlottetown and Regina. The services the elderly need
are often located in the larger cities. The census subdivisions indicate that the small towns in the Prairies also have high proportions of this age group. The working-age people are leaving many rural areas to go to towns and cities to seek jobs. As elderly parents need more care they often move
closer to their children or move in with them. The cities also provide the facilities and services that this group increasingly needs.
Age, 1996 - The Oldest Old (75 years and over) by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The population 75 years of age and over is referred to as the "Oldest Old". This group is distinct owing to the noticeable changes in the health status, which are reflected by the different patterns apparent on the map. One pattern that is evident on the layer
containing the census divisions and is even more so when observing the census subdivision layer at a greater zoom is that several census divisions containing cities belong to the highest class. See for example Halifax, Fredericton, Saint John, Charlottetown and Regina. The services the elderly need
are often located in the larger cities. The census subdivisions indicate that the small towns in the Prairies also have high proportions of this age group. The working-age people are leaving many rural areas to go to towns and cities to seek jobs. As elderly parents need more care they often move
closer to their children or move in with them. The cities also provide the facilities and services that this group increasingly needs.
Age, 1996 - Youth (under 15 years) by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map represents the proportion of the population under 15 years of age. There are a number of general patterns apparent on this map. The north has a higher proportion of youth than the south. The Aboriginal population in the north still exhibits what is
termed a "young" population (consult the population pyramids for the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut). There are several regions in southern Canada that have a low proportion of youth. These tend to be in the agricultural regions of the country. Once the scale has been increased, notice the
detailed pattern. The small centres in the Prairies have lower proportions of youth than the surrounding rural area.
Age, 1996 - Youth (under 15 years) by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map represents the proportion of the population under 15 years of age. There are a number of general patterns apparent on this map. The north has a higher proportion of youth than the south. The Aboriginal population in the north still exhibits what is
termed a "young" population (consult the population pyramids for the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut). There are several regions in southern Canada that have a low proportion of youth. These tend to be in the agricultural regions of the country. Once the scale has been increased, notice the
detailed pattern. The small centres in the Prairies have lower proportions of youth than the surrounding rural area.
Age Structure, 2001 - Golden Years by Census Division (65 - 74 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2001 - Youth by Census Division (under 15 years of age)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2001 - Later Working Years by Census Subdivision (35 - 64 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2001 - Golden Years by Census Subdivision (65 - 74 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

New census data on age and sex show that as of May 15, 2001, the median age of Canada's population reached an all-time high of 37.6 years, an increase of 2.3 years from 35.3 in 1996. This was the biggest census-to-census increase in a century. Median age is the
point where exactly one-half of the population is older, and the other half is younger. The nation's median age has been rising steadily since the end of the baby boom in 1966, when it was only 25.4 years. Nova Scotia and Quebec were the nation's oldest provinces, each with a median age of 38.8
years. Alberta was the youngest with a median age of 35.0. The group to increase at the fastest pace was that aged 80 and over. From 1991 to 2001, their numbers soared 41.2% to 932,000. The number of people aged 80 or over is expected to increase an additional 43% from 2001 to 2011, during
which time it will surpass an estimated 1.3 million. At the same time, Canada has undergone a substantial decline in the number of children aged four and under. In 2001, the census counted 1.7 million children in this age group, down 11.0% from 1991, the result mostly of Canada's declining
fertility rate. By 2011, this group may decline to an estimated 1.6 million.
Age Structure, 2006 - Early Working Years by Census Division (15 - 34 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The working-age population can be divided into two broad categories: the early-working age group (15-34) and the later working age group (35-64). The effect of fertility on the composition of these groups is obvious. The later working age group is largely
composed of the baby-boomers (those born between 1946 and 1965), while the early working age group is composed of those born during the baby-bust period (1966-1974) and the children of baby-boomers. Thus, despite the fact that baby-boomers are now older, they still remain the largest group in the
population. This is evident in the relatively large proportion (42.6%) of the population that belonged to the late working age group in 2006. The corresponding proportion was much smaller (31.3%) just 25 years ago in 1981. As a result of the entry into the working age group of the people
born during the baby-bust period and the children of baby-boomers in 2006, only 26.0% of the population belonged to the 15 to 34 age group in 2006, compared with 36.5% in 1981.
Age Structure, 2006 - Golden Years by Census Division (65 - 79 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada is an aging society. In 2006, 13.7% of the total population of Canada was 65 years and over. This proportion was 9.7% only twenty five years ago in 1981. During the same period, the proportion of the population that was very old increased at a more
rapid pace. For example, between 1981 and 2006 the proportion of the population that was 80 years and over rose from 1.7% to 3.7%. The number of people in this age group topped the 1 million mark (at 1.2 million) for the first time in 2006. In 2006, the population of Saskatchewan was the
oldest in the country with 15.4% of the population 65 years and over. It also had the largest proportion of the oldest old, where one out of every 20 Saskatchewan residents was 80 years of age and over. The national average was one in 27. Saskatchewan's situation is unique, in that it has both
the largest proportion of seniors and one of the largest proportions of children among the provinces. This is attributable to several factors: higher fertility compared to any other Canadian province due to a large Aboriginal population; a life expectancy that was, until quite recently, one of the
highest in the country; and substantial losses of young adults migrating to Alberta to find employment. In general, Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland, and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick) and British Columbia had an older age structure population (14-15% in the age
group 65 and over) compared with the national average, once again a reflection of their lower fertility rates.
Age Structure, 2006 - Early Working Years by Census Subdivision (15 - 34 years)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The working-age population can be divided into two broad categories: the early-working age group (15-34) and the later working age group (35-64). The effect of fertility on the composition of these groups is obvious. The later working age group is largely
composed of the baby-boomers (those born between 1946 and 1965), while the early working age group is composed of those born during the baby-bust period (1966-1974) and the children of baby-boomers. Thus, despite the fact that baby-boomers are now older, they still remain the largest group in the
population. This is evident in the relatively large proportion (42.6%) of the population that belonged to the late working age group in 2006. The corresponding proportion was much smaller (31.3%) just 25 years ago in 1981. As a result of the entry into the working age group of the people
born during the baby-bust period and the children of baby-boomers in 2006, only 26.0% of the population belonged to the 15 to 34 age group in 2006, compared with 36.5% in 1981.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - College Certificate or Diploma (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - College Certificate or Diploma (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - High School Graduation Certificate (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - High School Graduation Certificate (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - Less than High School Education (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - Less than High School Education (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Educational Attainment, 2001 - Trades Certificate (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2001, the proportion of the population (individuals aged 15 and older) with non-university post-secondary credentials had more than doubled since 1971 to 36%. This, added to the 15% with university qualifications, meant that more than one-half
(51%) of all Canadians aged 15 and over had post-secondary qualifications in 2001.
Highest Level of Educational Attainment, 2006 - Less than high school education (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census enumerated 13 012 475 adults aged 15 and over whose highest level of educational attainment was a trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree in 2006.
This was an increase of 32% from 9 864 970 in 2001. In 2006, 23% of Canadians aged 15 and over had completed a university certificate, diploma or degree, 17% had completed a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma and 11% had completed a trades certificate or diploma.
The proportion of the population aged 15 and over with a high school diploma or equivalent as their highest credential was 26% and those with less than a high school diploma or equivalent was 24%.
Highest Level of Educational Attainment, 2006 - Less than high school education (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census enumerated 13 012 475 adults aged 15 and over whose highest level of educational attainment was a trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree in 2006.
This was an increase of 32% from 9 864 970 in 2001. In 2006, 23% of Canadians aged 15 and over had completed a university certificate, diploma or degree, 17% had completed a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma and 11% had completed a trades certificate or diploma.
The proportion of the population aged 15 and over with a high school diploma or equivalent as their highest credential was 26% and those with less than a high school diploma or equivalent was 24%.
Highest Level of Educational Attainment, 2006 - Trades certificate (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census enumerated 13 012 475 adults aged 15 and over whose highest level of educational attainment was a trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree in 2006.
This was an increase of 32% from 9 864 970 in 2001. In 2006, 23% of Canadians aged 15 and over had completed a university certificate, diploma or degree, 17% had completed a college, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma and 11% had completed a trades certificate or diploma.
The proportion of the population aged 15 and over with a high school diploma or equivalent as their highest credential was 26% and those with less than a high school diploma or equivalent was 24%.
Location of study inside Canada, different province or territory than province or territory of residence, 2006 (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2006 Census individuals aged 15 and over were asked to provide the location where their highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 16, 2006. In 2006, 10% of Canadian postsecondary
graduates aged 15 and over had earned their highest certificate, diploma or degree outside the province or territory in which they resided in 2006. Another 16% had completed their highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree outside of Canada.
Location of study inside Canada, different province or territory than province or territory of residence, 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2006 Census individuals aged 15 and over were asked to provide the location where their highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 16, 2006. In 2006, 10% of Canadian postsecondary
graduates aged 15 and over had earned their highest certificate, diploma or degree outside the province or territory in which they resided in 2006. Another 16% had completed their highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree outside of Canada.
Location of study inside Canada, same province or territory as province or territory of residence, 2006 (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2006 Census individuals aged 15 and over were asked to provide the location where their highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 16, 2006. In 2006, 10% of Canadian postsecondary
graduates aged 15 and over had earned their highest certificate, diploma or degree outside the province or territory in which they resided in 2006. Another 16% had completed their highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree outside of Canada.
Location of study outside Canada, 2006 (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2006 Census individuals aged 15 and over were asked to provide the location where their highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 16, 2006. In 2006, 10% of Canadian postsecondary
graduates aged 15 and over had earned their highest certificate, diploma or degree outside the province or territory in which they resided in 2006. Another 16% had completed their highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree outside of Canada.
Location of study outside Canada, 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2006 Census individuals aged 15 and over were asked to provide the location where their highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 16, 2006. In 2006, 10% of Canadian postsecondary
graduates aged 15 and over had earned their highest certificate, diploma or degree outside the province or territory in which they resided in 2006. Another 16% had completed their highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree outside of Canada.
Children Living at Home, 1996 - Children less than 6 years of age, living at home
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This age group represented 24% of all children living at home. The patterns evident on the map show that the highest proportions of this age group were found in the Northwest Territories, Quebec and the northern Prairie Provinces. This distribution is partly
attributed to the higher proportion of young common-law families, particularly in Quebec and the Northwest Territories. Children of this age group were also relatively common in the suburbs of major cities. Newfoundland had the lowest overall proportion of this age group.
Children Living at Home, 1996 - Children aged 25 years and over, living at home
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

There has been a substantial increase in the number of young adults living in their parental home. According to the results of the 1996 Census, 47% of women aged 20 to 34 lived with their parents, while over half of young unmarried men lived at home. A number
of factors have influenced this trend: Longer periods of time spent in schooling, higher rates of unemployment and economic instability during the early 1980's and in the early 1990's have influenced young adults towards placing more dependence on parents.