bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Deprotected Glycosyl—Asparagine Ligation.
Authors: Doores Katie J. , Mimura Yusuke , Dwek Raymond A. , Rudd Pauline M. , Elliott Tim , Davis Benjamin G.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel and Efficient Ionic Liquid Supported Synthesis of Oligosaccharides.
Authors: Huang Jian‐Ying , Lei Ming , Wang Yan‐Guang
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acetogenic Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Part 162. Ancisheynine, the First N,C‐Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid: Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Analysis.
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Gulder Tanja , Reichert Matthias , Meyer Frank
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Oxyfagaronine, Phenolic Benzo[c]phenanthridine and General Synthetic Way of 2,3,7,8‐ and 2,3,8,9‐Tetrasubstituted Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids.
Authors: Le Thanh Nguyen , Cho Won‐Jea
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Entry to the Novel 8‐Halo‐N1‐ribosyl Hypoxanthine System by Degradation of a Cyclic Adenosine‐5′‐diphosphate Ribose Analogue.
Authors: Moreau Christelle , Woodman Timothy J. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
6‐Polyfluoroacyl‐ and 6‐Trichloroacetylnorkhellins: Synthesis and Reaction with Aromatic Amines.
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Irgashev Roman A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Total Synthesis of Two 5‐Deoxyflavone Derivatives (IV) from Albizia odoratissima.
Authors: Gao Jin‐Ming , Lu Jia‐Wen , Zhang An‐Ling , Cheng Yong‐Xian , Watchueng Jean , Konishi Yasuo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl Bromides from α‐Bromo‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Involving Fragmentation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Sulfinic Acids. A New Approach to the Vitamin D Rings CD Building Blocks.
Authors: Chochrek Pawel , Kurek‐Tyrlik Alicja , Wicha Jerzy
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyanosporasides A (Ia) and B (Ib), Chloro‐ and Cyano‐cyclopenta[a]indene Glycosides from the Marine Actinomycete “Salinispora pacifica”.
Authors: Oh Dong‐Chan , Williams Philip G. , Kauffman Christopher A. , Jensen Paul R. , Fenical William
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Abyssinone II and Related Compounds as Potential Chemopreventive Agents.
Authors: Moriarty Robert M. , Grubjesic Simonida , Surve Bhushan C. , Chandersekera Susantha N. , Prakash Om , Naithani Rajesh
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combinatorial QSAR Modeling of P‐Glycoprotein Substrates.
Authors: de Cerqueira Lima Patricia , Golbraikh Alexander , Oloff Scott , Xiao Yunde , Tropsha Alexander
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pharmacophore Modeling and in Silico Screening for New P450 19 (Aromatase) Inhibitors.
Authors: Schuster Daniela , Laggner Christian , Steindl Theodora M. , Palusczak Anja , Hartmann Rolf W. , Langer Thierry
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship Studies on Inhibition of HERG Potassium Channels.
Authors: Yoshida Katsumi , Niwa Tomoko
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of a Chirality‐Sensitive Flexibility Descriptor for [3 + 3D]‐QSAR.
Authors: Dervarics Mate , Oetvoes Ferenc , Matinek Tamas A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Genetic‐Function‐Approximation‐Based QSAR Model for the Affinity of Arylpiperazines Toward α1 Adrenoceptors.
Authors: Maccari Laura , Magnani Matteo , Strappaghetti Giovannella , Corelli Federico , Botta Maurizio , Manetti Fabrizio
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Controlled Alignment of Molecular Diodes via Ionic Assembly of Cationic Donor—(π‐Bridged)—Acceptor Molecules on Anionic Surfaces
Authors: Ashwell Geoffrey J. , Chwialkowska Anna
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bifunctional Gold‐Coated Magnetic Silica Spheres.
Authors: Salgueirino‐Maceira Veronica , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. , Farle Michael , Lopez‐Quintela Arturo , Sieradzki Karl , Diaz Rodolfo
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optical and Magneto‐optical Spectroscopy of Manganites
Authors: Gan'shina E. , Loshkareva N. , Sukhorukov Yu. , Mostovshchikova E. , Vinogradov A. , Nomerovannaya L.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bridging Nanoscience and Surface Science to Understand Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Bazin D.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silica: Shifting Sands
Authors: Tyrrell Elizabeth
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Activation of Solids
Authors: Boldyrev V. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functionalized Imidazolium Salts for Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids and Their Applications
Authors: Lee Sang‐gi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation and Reactions of Polysilanyl Anions and Dianions.
Authors: Marschner Christoph
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Subphthalocyanines to Subporphyrins
Authors: Torres Tomas
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Hydroboration of Olefins
Authors: Fu Gregory C.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Chiral Tridentate Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Murtagh Kevin , Sweetman Brian A. , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acid—Base Catalysis Using Chiral Palladium Complexes
Authors: Sodeoka Mikiko , Hamashima Yoshitaka
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Using Constrained β‐Amino Acid Residues to Control β‐Peptide Shape and Function
Authors: Gelman Michael A. , Gellman Samuel H.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
β2‐Amino Acids with Proteinogenic Side Chains and Corresponding Peptides: Synthesis, Secondary Structure, and Biological Activity
Authors: Campo Marino A. , Escalante Jaime , Sebesta Radovan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids and Their Derivatives from β‐Lactams (Update)
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Aizpurua Jesus M. , Ganboa Inaki , Oiarbide Mikel
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Fustero Santos , Sanz‐Cervera Juan F. , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Substituted β‐Amino Phosphonates and Phosphinates and β‐Amino Sulfur Analogues
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Alonso Concepcion , De Los Santos Jesus
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions of Allenes
Authors: Ma Shengming
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Carbonylations Using Fluorous Tin Reagents: Convenient Work‐Up and Facile Recycle of the Reagents
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Switches Controlled by Light
Authors: Gust Devens , Moore Thomas A. , Moore Ana L.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Calixarene‐Encapsulated Nanoparticles: Self‐Assembly into Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Wei Alexander
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Probing Protein Folding and Conformational Transitions with Fluorescence
Authors: Royer Catherine A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Probing Conformational Fluctuation of Proteins by Pressure Perturbation
Authors: Akasaka Kazuyuki
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conformation of the Backbone in Unfolded Proteins
Authors: Shi Zhengshuang , Chen Kang , Liu Zhigang , Kallenbach Neville R.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyrocatechol Violet in Spectrophotometric and Novel Optical Methods
Authors: Ivanov V. M. , Kochelayeva G. A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contribution to the tin‐rich region of the Sn‐Zn‐Ti system
Authors: Vassilev G. P. , Dobrev E. S. , Tedenac J.‐C.
Published: July 2006

The tin‐rich region of the system Sn‐Zn‐Ti system has been studied by diffusion couples, differential scanning calorimetry and electron microprobe analyses. Ternary eutectic reaction occurs at 193.7°C near to the binary tin‐zinc eutectic point and titanium content less than 0.9 at.% Ti. Three ternary compounds with approximate formulae: Ti8Sn5Zn2 to Ti5Sn3Zn, TiSn4Zn5 and Ti2Sn4Zn3 have been observed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of pure and metal doped bis(thiourea) zinc chloride single crystals
Authors: Selvakumar S. , Rajarajan K. , Kumar S. M. Ravi , Potheher I. Vetha , Anand D. Prem , Ambujam K. , Sagayaraj P.
Published: July 2006

Metal (Cd2+ and Cu2+) substituted single crystals of Bis(thiourea) zinc chloride (BTZC) are grown by slow solvent evaporation technique, with the vision to improve the physicochemical properties of the sample. Single crystal XRD studies of both pure and doped samples are carried out and the results are compared. Optical absorption and FTIR studies are performed to identify the UV cut‐off range and the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystals. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of metal doped BTZC indicates a marginal increase in the thermal stability of the crystals. The dielectric response of the samples have been studied in the frequency range 100 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature and the results are discussed. Photoconductivity studies carried out on pure and metal doped BTZC crystals revealed the negative photoconducting nature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of tris allylthiourea mercuric chloride crystals
Authors: Siddheswaran R. , Sankar R. , Rathnakumari M. , Jayavel R. , Murugakoothan P. , Sureshkumar P.
Published: July 2006

Single crystals of tris allylthiourea mercury chloride (ATMC), a semi‐organic nonlinear optical material, have been grown from a low‐temperature solution growth technique by slow cooling method. In the present work, we have grown ATMC crystal which is a new nonlinear optical material (NLO) having high optical quality and its second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency is thrice that of Urea. The grown crystals have also been subjected to various characterization studies like X‐ray diffraction, UV‐VIS, FT‐IR and TGA‐DTA. X‐ray powder diffraction study confirmed the crystal structure of ATMC, UV‐VIS /FT‐IR spectral analysis showed the crystal has good optical transmission in the entire visible region and TGA‐DTA studies showed the thermal properties and complex degradation of ATMC crystal. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of L‐phenylalanine
Authors: Mahalakshmi R. , Jesuraja S. X. , Das S. Jerome
Published: July 2006

L‐Phenylalanine (C9H11NO2), having the morphology of spherulitic needles, an amino acid constituent, responsible for brain nutrition is crystallized in silica gel of pH 6.0 by single diffusion method in a period of 30 minutes. The grown crystals were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and Visible Ultraviolet spectroscopy. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical, mechanical and thermal properties of p‐bromoacetanilide
Authors: Lakshmi K. Udaya , Ramamurthi K. , Ramasamy P.
Published: July 2006

Solubility and metastable zonewidth were estimated for p‐Bromoacetanilide. Employing slow evaporation method crystals of size 22x17x6 mm3 and 38x25x10 mm3 were grown at a constant temperature of 40°C and room temperature respectively from methanol solution. The cell dimensions were obtained by single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The placement of protons was identified from NMR spectral analysis. UV‐Visible and fluorescence spectral analyses were carried out for the grown crystals. Vickers microhardness test was performed on the prominent (110) of the as grown crystal. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies were carried out to determine the thermal properties of the grown crystal. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variable‐range hopping dc conduction in dysprosium oxide films grown on Si substrates
Authors: Dakhel A. A.
Published: July 2006

Thin dysprosium oxide films were prepared on p‐Si substrates to form MOS structure. The oxide films were annealed at different conditions and their crystal structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The dc electrical transport properties of the devices were studied in the temperature range (293‐400 K). The current‐temperature characteristics was analysed according to Mott's variable‐range hopping mechanism. The mechanism's parameters were calculated and compared with the results obtained by X‐ray diffraction. It was established that as the average grain size of air‐annealed films increases, the disorder degree parameter T0 decreases and the density of states at Fermi level increases, which leads to decrease the average hopping distance. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropy of optical absorption in layered single crystals
Authors: Vora Mihir M. , Vora Aditya M.
Published: July 2006

The optical energy gap of Re doped MoSe2 single crystal Mo0.995Re0.005Se2 has been measured at room temperature near the fundamental absorption edge. The incident light was kept normal to the basal plane i.e. along the c‐axis of the grown crystals. Results have been given on the basis of two and three dimensional models. Both direct and indirect transitions are involved in the absorption process. The indirect transition was found to be allowed with two phonons involved in the process. The three dimensional model and not the two dimensional could be used to describe the optical properties of Re doped MoSe2 single crystal. Also, the optical energy gaps depend upon the amount of the intercalating Re material. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of semicarbazone of cyclohexanone
Authors: Sethuraman K. , Babu R. Ramesh , Vijayan N. , Gopalakrishnan R. , Ramasamy P.
Published: July 2006

A new organic single crystal of semicarbazone of cyclohexanone (SCCH) has been synthesized and grown as a bulk single crystal by low temperature solution growth technique for the first time in the literature. The grown crystal has been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses and also characterized by FT‐ir and FT‐Raman studies. Thermal properties of the grown crystals were studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Optical transmittance was studied by ultraviolet‐visible spectrum and the second harmonic generation property was tested by using Q switched Nd: YAG laser as a source. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, crystal structure and spectral analysis of diaquatetrakis(N‐methylimidazole)Ni(II)(2,4,6‐tribromophenol)
Authors: Yilmaz A. , Camurlu P. , Yıldırım L. Tatar , Kısakürek D. , Ülkü D.
Published: July 2006

Diaquatetrakis(N‐methylimidazole)Ni(II)(2,4,6‐tribromophenol), Ni(H2O)2(C3N2(CH3))4.2(C6H3Br3O), was synthesized via reaction of nickel sulphate and 2,4,6‐tribromophenolate in aqueous media in the presence of N‐methyl imidazole and sodium hydroxide. The complex crystalizes in the triclinic space group P1 with one formula unit of Ni(C3H3N2(CH3))4(H2O)2.2(C6H3Br3O) in the cell. The coordination around the Ni(II) ion is a slightly distorted octahedron, involving four N atoms from four different di(N‐methyl imidazole) ligand in the basal plane. The two oxygen atoms of the water molecules located at the apical positions result in an octahedral coordination. The two tribomophenol groups in the unit cell are connected via hydrogen‐bonds to the atoms of the coordination sphere, to build one dimensional chains along the a‐axis. For characterization of complex FTIR, UV spectroscopy, DSC and TGA thermal analysis were performed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural studies of crystalline oligosaccharides VI: Crystal structure and conformation of benzyl‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐3‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐galactoside
Authors: Shen Ren , Srikrishnan Thamarapu
Published: July 2006

Monsaccharides are the building blocks of polysaccharides and hence are the simplest sugar molecules to study the conformation and molecular structures of sugars. Benzyl‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐3‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐galactoside is a key intermediate in the synthesis of polysaccharides. Crystal structural investigation of the title compound was undertaken to establish their chemical structure as well as to study their solid state conformation. Crystals of the title compound, obtained from water/methanol, are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with cell dimensions a=11.290 (4), b=9.941 (1), c= 21.442(2)Å, V= 2406Å3, Z=4, Dobs= 1.42 gm/cm3, Dcalc=1.423 g/cm3, 2886 reflections were collected on a CAD‐4 diffractometer. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final reliability index of 4.7%. The galactoside sugar has the chair conformation with C2' and C5' deviating from the mean plane of the other atoms of the sugar. The 4,6‐O‐benzylidene ring also has a chair conformation with the benzoyl group proximal to O6'. The crystal structure is stabilized by O‐H…O hydrogen bonds involving O2' as donor and three C‐H…O hydrogen bond interactions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical Oxidation of 1,3,2‐Diazaboroles and 1,3,2‐Diazaborolidines
Authors: Weber Lothar , Domke Imme , Kahlert Jan , Stammler Hans‐Georg
Published: July 2006

Oxidation of the 1,3,2‐diazaborole tBuNaCH=CHNb(tBu)BBr(Na–B) (1h) with NO+PF6– afforded the diazaborolium salts [tBuNa=CH–CH=Nb(tBu)BF2(Na–B)]+X– (X = Br–, Br3–, PF6–) (3h) as the result of different oxidation processes. The same product was obtained when the 1,3,2‐diazaborolidine tBuNaCH2CH2Nb(tBu)BBr(Na–B) (2h) was subjected to reaction with NO+PF6–. In contrast to this, oxidation of 1h and 2h with NO+BF4– cleanly furnished [tBuNaCH–CH=Nb(tBu)BFBr(Na–B)]+BF4– (6h). Treatment of the 1,3,2‐diazaboroles tBuNaCH=CHNb(tBu)BR(Na–B) [R = H (1e), CN (1i), C≡CH (1j)] with NO+PF6– under comparable conditions led to the borolium salts [tBuNa=CH–CH=Nb(tBu)BRF(Na–B)]+PF6– [R = H (3e), CN (3i), C≡CH (3j)]. All the borolium salts investigated in this study were reversibly reduced by cyclic voltammetry. The novel products were characterized by elemental analyses and NMR spectra (1H, 11B, 13C, 19F, 31P). The X‐ray structure analysis of 3h reveals two independent planar cations in the asymmetric unit, accompanied by one bromide and one tribromide ion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Formation of a Series of [{Methylphenylenebis(terpyridine)}nRuIIn–1] (n = 2–6) Oligomers in a Single‐Pot Reaction
Authors: Cho Tae Joon , Moorefield Charles N. , Hwang Seok‐Ho , Wang Pingshan , Godínez Luis A. , Bustos Erika , Newkome George R.
Published: July 2006

A series of oligomeric [{methylphenylenebis(terpyridine)}nRuIIn–1] complexes, where n = 2–6, possessing metal‐free terpyridine end groups was formed and isolated from a single‐pot reaction. These oligo complexes were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Macrocyclization of combinations of these oligomers gave rise to the known hexagonal metallomacrocycle 7. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) data of these linear oligomers are discussed and compared to that of the corresponding metallomacrocycle 7. Diffusion coefficients were obtained by means of the Randles–Sevcik equation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Hyporheic exchange flows induced by constructed riffles and steps in lowland streams in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kasahara Tamao , Hill Alan R.
Published: July 2006

Stream–subsurface water interaction induced by natural riffles and constructed riffles/steps was examined in lowland streams in southern Ontario, Canada. The penetration of stream water into the subsurface was analysed using hydrometric data, and the zone of > 10% stream water was calculated from a chemical mixing equation using tracer injection of bromide and background chloride concentrations. The constructed riffles studied induced more extensive hyporheic exchange than the natural riffles because of their steeper longitudinal hydraulic head gradients and coarser streambed sediments. The depth of > 10% stream water zone in a small and a large constructed riffle extended to > 0·2 m and > 1·4 m depths respectively. Flux and residence time distribution of hyporheic exchange were simulated in constructed riffles using MODFLOW, a finite‐difference groundwater flow model. Hyporheic flux and residence time distribution varied along the riffles, and the exchange occurring upstream from the riffle crest was small in flux and had a long residence time. In contrast, hyporheic exchange occurring downstream from the riffle crest had a relatively short residence time and accounted for 83% and 70% of total hyporheic exchange flow in a small and large riffle respectively. Although stream restoration projects have not considered the hyporheic zone, our data indicate that constructed riffles and steps can promote vertical hydrologic exchange and increase the groundwater–surface water linkage in degraded lowland streams. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of cytosine deaminase with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase leads to local and distant bystander effects against RM1 prostate cancer in mice
Authors: Khatri Aparajita , Zhang Bing , Doherty Eboney , Chapman Jane , Ow Kim , Pwint Hnin , Martiniello‐Wilks Rosetta , Russell Pamela J.
Published: July 2006

Background

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gene‐directed enzyme‐prodrug therapy (GDEPT) using cytosine deaminase in combination with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (CDUPRT) against intraprostatic mouse androgen‐refractory prostate (RM1) tumors in immunocompetent mice. The product of the fusion gene, CDUPRT, converts the prodrug, 5‐fluorocytosine (5FC), into 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) and other cytotoxic metabolites that kill both CDUPRT‐expressing and surrounding cells, via a ‘bystander effect’.

Methods

Stably transformed andogen‐independent mouse prostate cancer (PC) cells, RM1‐CDUPRT, ‐GFP or GFP/LacZ cells were used. To assess the local bystander effects of CDUPRT‐GDEPT, immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice implanted with cell mixtures of RM1‐GFP/CDUPRT and RM1‐GFP cells in different proportions intraprostatically were treated with 5FC. Pseudo‐metastases in the lungs were established by a tail vein injection of untransfected RM1 cells. At necropsy, prostate weight/volume and lung colony counts were assessed. Tumors, lymph nodes, spleens and lungs were frozen or fixed for immunohistochemistry.

Results

CDUPRT expression in RM1‐GFP/CDUPRT cells or tumors was confirmed by enzymic conversion of 5FC into 5FU, using HPLC. Treatment of mice bearing intraprostatic RM1‐GFP/CDUPRT tumors with 5FC resulted in complete regression of the tumors. A ‘local bystander effect’ was seen, even though only 20% of the cells expressed CDUPRT. More importantly a significant reduction in pseudo‐metastases of RM1 cells in lungs indicated a ‘distant bystander effect’. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the treated tumors showed increased necrosis and apoptosis, with decreased tumor vascularity. There was also a significant increase in tumour‐infiltration by macrophages, CD4+ T and natural killer cells.

Conclusions

We conclude that CDUPRT‐GDEPT significantly suppressed the aggressive growth of RM1 prostate tumors and lung pseudo‐metastases via immune mechanisms involving necrosis and apoptosis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acoustic methods of detection in gas chromatography
Authors: Mah Christine , Thurbide Kevin B.
Published: July 2006

A brief review of the use of acoustic detection methods in GC is presented. While a number of methods (some quite similar) have been developed for use as gas‐phase sensors in various applications, this article focuses specifically on those techniques that have been used to detect analytes following their separation by GC. Overall, a number of “active” acoustic methods (which measure analytes through their interaction with a controlled external acoustic wave source) were reportedly used as GC detectors. These include ultrasonic, thickness shear mode, surface acoustic wave (SAW), and flexural plate wave methods. Conversely, “passive” acoustic methods (those that produce an acoustic signal through some chemical reaction with the analyte) have also been used as GC detectors. These include photoacoustic and acoustic flame methods of detection. Of the two major classifications, reports of active methods are far more prevalent. In particular, the usage of SAW techniques with GC is an area of research that has seen accelerated growth in recent years.
Affinity monolith chromatography
Authors: Mallik Rangan , Hage David S.
Published: July 2006

The combined use of monolithic supports with selective affinity ligands as stationary phases has recently given rise to a new method known as affinity monolith chromatography (AMC). This review will discuss the basic principles behind AMC and examine the types of supports and ligands that have been employed in this method. Approaches for placing affinity ligands in monoliths will be considered, including methods based on covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, and the formation of coordination complexes. Several reported applications will then be presented, such as the use of AMC for bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal‐ion affinity chromatography, dye‐ligand affinity chromatography, and biomimetic chromatography. Other applications that will be discussed are chiral separations and studies of biological interactions based on AMC.
Applications of nanomaterials in liquid chromatography: Opportunities for separation with high efficiency and selectivity
Authors: Zhang Zhengxiang , Wang Zhiyong , Liao Yiping , Liu Huwei
Published: July 2006

During recent decades, great efforts have been made to improve the chemical stability, selectivity, and separation efficiency of stationary phases in liquid chromatography. Significant progress has been achieved, especially after the introduction of nanomaterials into separation science. This review covers the applications of nanomaterials playing various roles in liquid chromatography. Future possibilities for developing nanomaterial‐based stationary phases are also discussed.
Cubic N(CH2CH2NH3)3Br3 crystal – a novel
non-centrosymmetric organic material for Raman laser converters
with large frequency shift
Authors: Kaminskii A A , Bohatý L , Becker P , Held P , Eichler H J , Rhee H , Hanuza J , Maczka M
Published: July 2006

We have opened up new nonlinear-laser potential in
cubic crystal
N(CH2CH2NH3)3Br3(``tren''⋅3HBr). Under
picosecond laser pumping high-order steady-state stimulated Raman
scattering with large frequency shift ≈ 2965 cm-1 in
this novel χ(3)-active organic material was recorded and
preliminary characterized.
The interference of atomic states and mysterious
behavior of the 2P-hydrogen atom flying near a metal surface
Authors: Sokolov Yu L
Published: July 2006

A puzzling effect discovered in experiments on the
interference of the 2P-hydrogen-atom-state is discussed.
Dissipation-managed soliton in a quasi-one-dimensional
Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Adhikari S K
Published: July 2006

We use the time-dependent mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii
equation to study the formation of a dynamically-stabilized
dissipation-managed bright soliton in a quasi-one-dimensional
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Because of three-body
recombination of bosonic atoms to molecules, atoms are lost
(dissipated) from a BEC. Such dissipation leads to the decay of a
BEC soliton. We demonstrate by a perturbation procedure that an
alimentation of atoms from an external source to the BEC may
compensate for the dissipation loss and lead to a
dynamically-stabilized soliton. The result of the analytical
perturbation method is in excellent agreement with mean-field
numerics. It seems possible to obtain such a
dynamically-stabilized BEC soliton without dissipation in
laboratory.
Black soliton in a quasi-one-dimensional trapped fermion-fermion mixture
Authors: Adhikari S K
Published: July 2006

Employing a time-dependent mean-field-hydrodynamic model we study the generation of black solitons in a degenerate fermion-fermion mixture in a cigar-shaped geometry using variational and numerical solutions. The black soliton is found to be the first stationary vibrational excitation of the system and is considered to be a nonlinear continuation of the vibrational excitation of the harmonic oscillator state. We illustrate the stationary nature of the black soliton, by studying different perturbations on it after its formation.
Local approximations and intrinsic characterization of spaces of smooth functions on regular subsets of ℝn
Authors: Shvartsman Pavel
Published: July 2006

We give an intrinsic characterization of the restrictions of Sobolev $W^{k}_{p}$ (ℝn ), Triebel–Lizorkin $F^{s}_{pq}$(ℝn ) and Besov $B^{s}_{pq}$(ℝn ) spaces to regular subsets of ℝn via sharp maximal functions and local approximations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
7Li and 13C solid‐state NMR spectra of lithium cuprates
Authors: Jost Steffen , Kühnen Martin , Günther Harald
Published: July 2006

7Li and 13C solid‐state MAS NMR spectra of three lithium cuprates with known X‐ray structures—lithium([12]crown‐4)2 dimethyl and diphenyl cuprate (1,2) and lithium(thf)4‐[tris(trimethylsilyl) methyl]2 cuprate (3)—have been measured and analysed with respect to the quadrupolar coupling constants of lithium‐7, χ(7Li), and the asymmetry parameters of the quadrupolar interactions, η(7Li), as well as the 6, 7Li and 13C chemical shifts. The χ(7Li) values of 23, 30, and 18 kHz for 1, 2 and 3, respectively, are in line with the high symmetry around the lithium nucleus in the solvent‐separated structures and may be used as reference data for this structural motif. Calculations based on charges derived from ab initio 6‐31 G* HF computations using the point charge model (PCM) and the program GAMESS support the experimental findings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of clerodane diterpenoids of Salvia splendens
Authors: Fontana Gianfranco , Savona Giuseppe , Rodríguez Benjamín
Published: July 2006

Unambiguous and complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for five clerodane diterpenes, four of them isolated from Salvia splendens (salviarin, splendidin and splenolides A and B) and one obtained by acetylation of splenolide A, are presented. The assignments are based on 2D shift‐correlated [1H,1H–COSY, 1H,13C‐gHSQC–1J(C,H) and 1H,13C‐gHMBC‐nJ(C,H) (n = 2 and 3)] and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments. The conformation of the rings of these compounds is supported by the 3J(H,H) values and NOE results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data for ondansetron and its two novel metabolites, 1‐hydroxy‐ondansetron diastereoisomers
Authors: Duan Mingyu , Huang Haihua , Li Xinnan , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhong Dafang
Published: July 2006

Assignments of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were made by means of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments for ondansetron, and by means of 1H‐1H correlation spectroscopy (1H‐1H COSY) and two‐dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments for two novel metabolites (M1 and M2) of ondansetron. These two metabolites were isolated for the first time from Mucor circinelloides. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a child with hypospadias
Authors: Campus Riccardo , Nozza Paolo , Dell'Acqua Anna , Sementa Angela R. , Gambini Claudio , Dodero Paolo
Published: July 2006

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) is a distinct variant of renal carcinoma generally affecting adults. We report a case of an unusual CRCC, arising in a male child affected by hypospadias. This case demonstrates that CRCC can occur in the pediatric patients and can be associated with genital tract anomalies such as Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:413–415. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The utility assessment of Chinese pregnant women towards the birth of a baby with Down syndrome compared to a procedure‐related miscarriage
Authors: Chan Yiu Man , Leung Tse Ngong , Leung Tak Yeung , Fung Tak Yuen , Chan Lin Wai , Lau Tze Kin
Published: July 2006

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the preferences of Chinese pregnant women for Down syndrome‐affected birth compared to invasive test‐related miscarriage, using the standard gamble approach, and to investigate whether there is a difference in Utility Score between general obstetric patients and those who request prenatal screening.

Methods

An interviewer‐administered survey was conducted on 67 women who presented to the General Obstetric Clinic for booking visits and 69 women who presented to the first‐trimester Combined Screening Clinic for fetal Down syndrome in a University Obstetric Unit. Preferences for Down syndrome‐affected birth compared to invasive test‐related miscarriage were assessed using the standard gamble approach. The differences in Utility Scores for the two outcomes and difference in scores between the two study groups were compared.

Results

There was no significant difference in any of the Utility Scores studied between the two study groups. Therefore the summary statistics were performed using the whole study population. The median Utility Score for a Down syndrome‐birth was 0.20 (IQR: 0.10–0.40), which was significantly lower than that of 0.55 (IQR: 0.40–0.80) for a procedure‐related miscarriage (p < 0.001). Also, the Utility Scores were neither found to be associated with any particular patient demographic characteristics nor their perception of the functional disability of individuals with Down syndrome.

Conclusion

The Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong consider a Down syndrome‐affected birth as a much worse health state and life event than a miscarriage. Whether or not to have a screening test appeared to be a result of accessibility and affordability rather than fundamental differences in attitude towards Down syndrome. The findings of the study provide important information on how prenatal screening and diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities should be offered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome involving fetal thigh: prenatal presentations and outcomes
Authors: Peng Hsiu‐Huei , Wang Tzu‐Hao , Chao An‐Shine , Chang Yao‐Lung , Shieh Shin‐Chih , Chang Shuenn‐Dyh
Published: July 2006

Objectives

We analyzed the prenatal presentations and perinatal outcomes of Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome involving fetal thigh in order to provide relevant information for prenatal counseling.

Methods

We reviewed our own cases and searched for cases from Medline that met the criteria of Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome involving fetal thigh. Those with isolated hemangioma, hemangioendothelioma, and hemangiolymphangioma were excluded.

Results

The cases of Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome involving fetal thigh, totaling 21, were collected for analysis. These included 19 cases from Medline search and two cases from our institution. The cases with lesions involving right thigh, left thigh, and both thighs were 12:8:1. The gender of affected fetuses was 9 male, 9 female, and 3 unknown. Among the 21 cases, 6 fetuses (28.57%, 6/21) had isolated thigh lesions, and the other 15 cases (71.43%, 15/21) had extensive lesions involving pelvis, abdomen, retroperitoneum, or thorax. Prenatal presentations varied with hypoechoic cystic mass with limb asymmetry, 95.23% (20/21); polyhydramnios, 38.09% (8/21); cardiomegaly, 19.04% (4/21); thick placenta, 9.52% (2/21); nonimmune hydrops fetalis, 9.52% (2/21); and oligohydramnios, 4.76% (1/21). Ten cases (47.62%, 10/21) underwent termination of pregnancy. For those who continued with pregnancy, the rate of complications with Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome was 36.36% (4/11) and the mortality rate in the neonatal period was 45.45% (5/11). The causes of neonatal mortality in these five cases included consumption coagulopathy (Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome), cardiac failure, sepsis, and prematurity.

Conclusions

Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome involving fetal thigh is rare. Our review showed that the location of involvement on the right thigh is more than on the left. Males and females were equally affected. Nearly three fourths of the cases had extensive involvement over other parts of the body. Prenatal ultrasound finding of a raised thigh mass of significant size and limb asymmetry were the most important features. The mortality rate was as high as 45.45% in the neonatal period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective analysis of cell‐free fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma as an indicator for adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Bauer Margit , Hutterer Georg , Eder Martina , Majer Sandra , LeShane Erik , Johnson Kirby L. , Peter Inga , Bianchi Diana W. , Pertl Barbara
Published: July 2006

Objectives

To evaluate whether cell‐free fetal (cff) DNA in maternal plasma during the second trimester is a marker for developing pregnancy‐associated complications. Two PCR techniques for the detection and quantitation of fetal DNA were compared.

Methods

Plasma samples were prospectively collected from 84 pregnant women carrying male fetuses before amniocentesis (14–29 weeks). We later recorded 26 pregnancies with complicated outcomes, including five cases of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. For statistical analysis, two overlapping subgroups A and B were made. Each group was separately compared for total and fetal DNA with a corresponding group considered normal using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Male fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma was quantified using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of SRY sequences. The samples were also analyzed by quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF‐PCR) using highly polymorphic short tandem repeat DNA sequences (STRs), and the percentage of relative fetal allele concentration in maternal alleles was calculated and compared to the fetal/total DNA ratio obtained by real‐time PCR.

Results

Quantities of total and fetal circulating DNA were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.44, P < 0.0001) with a median total DNA concentration of 522 GE/mL (range 51–3047) and a median fetal DNA concentration of 8 GE/mL (range 0–879). Neither level was correlated with gestational age in pregnancies with normal (r2 = −0.05; P = 0.66, and r2 = 0.02; P = 0.88, respectively) and abnormal (r2 = 0.45; P = 0.17, and r2 = 0.11; P = 0.76, respectively) outcomes. Although both total and fetal DNA levels were always higher in women carrying pregnancies with chromosomal aberrations or having other pregnancy complications (P‐values range from 0.028 to 0.267), these differences reached statistical significance only for total DNA levels between the group A and corresponding normal pregnancies (P = 0.028). The correlation between the fetal/total DNA ratio obtained by real‐time PCR and the percentage of relative fetal allele concentration in maternal alleles obtained by QF‐PCR was not found to be statistically significant (r2 = 0.04; P = 0.76).

Conclusion

Our results confirm the clinical value of fetal DNA measurement in maternal plasma during the second trimester as a supplement for the diagnosis of aneuploidies. Its use as a screening instrument for complications that develop later in pregnancy seems to be limited but needs further investigation.

Although the QF‐PCR assay has the advantage of being applicable to both female and male fetuses, this approach cannot be used for quantitation of cff DNA in maternal plasma samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfonated silica‐based electrolyte nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Gomes Dominique , Buder Irmgard , Nunes Suzana P.
Published: July 2006

New functionalized particles were prepared by attaching sulfonated aromatic bishydroxy compounds onto fumed silica surface. First, a bromophenyl group was introduced onto the silica surface by reaction of bromophenyltrimethoxysilane with fumed silica. Then, sulfonated bishydroxy aromatic compounds were chemically attached to the silica surface by nucleophilic substitution reactions. The structure of the modified silica was characterized by elemental analysis: 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, and FTIR. Afterward, novel inorganic–organic electrolyte composite membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) have been developed using the sulfonated aromatic bishydroxy compounds chemically attached onto the fumed silica surface. The composite membrane prepared using silica with sulfonated hydroxytelechelic, containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole units, has higher proton conductivity values in all range of temperatures (40–140 °C) than the membrane containing only the plain electrolyte polymer, while the methanol permeability determined by pervaporation experiment was unchanged. A proton conductivity up to 59 mS cm−1 at 140 °C was obtained. The combination of these effects may lead to significant improvement in fuel cells (fed with hydrogen or methanol) at temperatures above 100 °C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2278–2298, 2006