bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐3.3: Analysis and Improvement of Flicker NG on VR Display
Authors: HUO Peirong , YAO Lei , LI Bo , FANG Yezhou , WANG Zhiqiang , XU Jingyi , XIE Jianyun
Published: August 2021

With the continuous development of liquid crystal display, VR products are increasingly favored by the market. the main form of VR products is wearable, the pursuit of thin and light, high‐definition and other qualities. Therefore, VR screens need to have high PPI, fast response, high refresh rate and other technical effects. To achieve the above effects to the VR screen R & D introduced many technical bottlenecks, this article explores the VR product display problem flicker NG.

The paper proposes two innovative solutions to improve the flicker NG of VR products: 1) asymmetric pixel shading layer design, targeted to suppress the generation of TFT source/drain photogenerated carriers and improve the increase of pixel TFT leakage current by high bright backlight without reducing the aperture rate. 2) Adding transparent electrodes with common electrode co‐potential, in parallel with pixel storage capacitor Cst, which forms storage capacitance compensation Cst0 (Cst0⩾Cst) and enhanced pixel TFT voltage holding capacity after improved pixel storage capacitance Cst+Cst0.

The theoretical investigation and practical verification show that the above scheme is effective in reducing the flicker value of VR products.
P‐3.10: Current status and prospects of simulation training equipment based on virtual reality and augmented reality technology
Authors: Song Jianwen , Jiang Lin , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2021

Virtual simulation technology is an effective means to construct “real” environment and experimental conditions. By analyzing the advantages and characteristics of virtual simulation technology and applying it to the field of aviation rescue medicine, it is used to study the medical support work of operators in the aviation environment such as injury and illness treatment. The mode characteristics of the aviation rescue medical virtual simulation experiment of “data restoration‐scenario simulation‐platform simulation‐experimental research” have important significance for simulation training. This article mainly starts from the advantages of AR/VR technology and the application equipment of the current mixed reality technology in the simulation training system. Analyze and prospect the current situation of simulation training equipment. Through gesture recognition and intelligent evaluation technologies, Further prospects for the future intelligent development of simulation training.
P‐4.3: The Effects of Lens Translation and Zooming on 3D Display System
Authors: Pu Yiying , Jia Jia , Kang Jianghui , Lu Min , Chen Jingyu , Wu Yu , Tan Baolin
Published: August 2021

In this study, the effects of lens translation and zooming on 3D display system are discussed theoretically and experimentally in the current common lens scale. The results show that the lens translation can give better image resolution and details.
P‐5.9: Low Power Consumption Design of TFT LCD Display Based on High Refresh Rate
Authors: Fan Litao , Yu Yingxue , Cai Site , Xue Hailin , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: August 2021

With the continuous improvement of the refresh rate of TFT LCD products, the power consumption of the products is also rising. Therefore, when TFT LCD is used in portable terminal products, it is necessary to continuously reduce the power consumption to meet the maximum working endurance requirements.

This paper mainly focuses on the optimization design of LCD products from Panel and driver IC under the condition of high refresh rate, so as to reduce the power consumption of LCD products.
P‐6.1: 50UD 120Hz LCD TVs Integrated Gate Driver GOA Circuit using Cu/Four‐Mask a‐Si TFT Process
Authors: Dong Hao , Cho An-thung , Wu Wen-Bing , Tsai Yao-Feng , Zhang Yong , Hsu James , Chen Wade
Published: August 2021

A mechanism of high doped N+ film was used to lower the contact resistance between metal and semiconductor to achieve ohmic contact in 4‐mask process. In this article, the improvement mechanism to reduce contact resistance by using high doped N+ layer will be investigated in conjunction with energy level diagram.
P‐6.2: A Study on Micro‐LED Selective Repair Technology for Mass Production Purpose
Authors: Sheng Cuicui , Wang Yan , Dong Xiaobiao , Li Mengmeng , Wang Chenggong , Huang Xiuqi , Ge Yong
Published: August 2021

Micro‐LED is a novel technology that is believed to be the next generation of display technology after OLED, due to its higher brightness and longer life time. Mass repairing is a key aspect of the micro‐LED technology whose importance lies in the pursuing of a 100% lit screen. Laser assisted repairing attracts a lot of attention and research interests in the industry, due to its pin‐point accuracy for patching of defect and selective repair of pixels at a mass scale on a panel. By employing such laser transfer technology, we achieved selectively releasing of micro‐LED from one carrier onto another carrier, with accuracy of ±2um, through the efforts of optimizing laser energy, and choosing suitable laser release layer and catch layer materials.
P‐6.6: Effect of SiO2/SiNx/Resin Multi‐layer on the TFT Characteristics of BCE‐Type IGZO‐TFT
Authors: Xu Dezhi , Duan Xianxue , Liu Tianzhen , Gong Kui , Zhang Zhihai , Shi Yue , Hu Jing , Wang Sheng , Lee SeungKyu , Wang Zhangtao
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the influence of organic resin design on TFT characteristics is discussed. From the comparison of TFT characteristics, it can be concluded that the coverage of resin (full and partial) can solve the conductive trend of BCE a‐IGZO TFT. Combined with SiNx and SiO2 in organic resin buffer layer process adjustment, Vth can be controlled at about 1.5V.
P‐6.8: One‐way Observable Window Signage Display Using Dye‐doped Thin Resin Layers Which Enable to Make Images Invisible from Back Side
Authors: Sakamoto Kunio , Hasegawa Takeru
Published: August 2021

Window signage or signs are cost‐effective ways to attract attention from streets. Assume that you draw something on a transparent glass window. It is difficult to understand your drawing correctly since one observes the mirrored text and graphics from opposite side. The authors dislike this mirrored imaging problem, although it is not a fatal defect. This paper shows a one‐way observable imaging display on the glass window using dye‐doped thin resin layers for unidirectional color generating by light controls and material development. The authors developed one‐way observable window signage display systems which are composed of dye‐doped thin resin films cut for letterings and graphics or dye‐doped resin inks for hand‐drawings.
P‐6.9: Patterning of Quantum Dots Light‐emitting Diodes Based on IGZO Films
Authors: Ma Jingrui , Jia Siqi , Qu Xiangwei , Tang Haodong , Xu Bing , Wu Zhenghui , Liu Pai , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: August 2021

Patterned quantum dots light‐emitting diodes (QLED) with sputtered IGZO films as electron transport layers are fabricated. The pattered IGZO films can define pixels ~10 μm, while accompanied by the nonuniform current spreading effect. The localized current density distribution observed by luminance distribution during the aging degrades the device seriously. In order to overcome this issue, the patterned SiO2 layer as the bank is introduced. This work also shows a potential way to tune the out couple efficiency and micro‐cavity effect (optical length) in QLED by charge transport layer thickness.
P‐6.10: Review of Applications of Environmental Assessment on Defect Defense in FPD Industry
Authors: Yang Cheng Yu , Yang Jin Wen , Gao Yan Nan
Published: August 2021

As the feature of product size of FPD industry, the dimension of product in processing is larger relative to semiconductor industry, especially for the coming of new generation. This characterizes large chemical usage (potential chemical leakage), factory footprint (high recirculation air flow volume and complex air exchange possibility), and transportation vehicle (high air resistance and unintentional air transfer) and makes the AMC issue on product devices largely different from that of semiconductor industry.

Based on past more than 15 years of work experience accumulation, an aided way integrated with air sampling and database analysis, CFD (computational fluid dynamics, tool layout and process flow, and cleanroom circulation investigation as a name “environmental assessment” has gradually gained recognition and acceptance for defect defense in FPD industry applications.

This review introduces how the environment is systematically assessed and share how these four approaches work on assessment by past work defense.
P‐7.1: Calculation of actual lens parameters based on specific pattern in a SMV display system
Authors: Gao Jian , Ma Sen , Zhu Jinye , Cheng Fang , Hong Tao , Yu Jing
Published: August 2021

Cylindrical lens array (CLA) is often used in a SMV display system. The display effects is directly related to the parameters of the CLA. In some cases, it is difficult to measure the actual parameters of CLA because of the limitation of measurement condition. In this paper, an indirect method is proposed to calculate the actual parameters of the CLA, like thickness ,lens pitch, bounding angle, and radius, by testing the specific patterns displayed on the panel. The specific patterns are number array displayed full screen. The numbers of different views are different. The measurement efficiency is effectively improved by this method.
P‐7.4: Adaptive content backlight and high brightness range control for RGBW arrangement of LCD panel
Authors: Yang Hsueh-Yen , Yu Ming-Liang , Liu Yu-Xuan , Yan Jun-Zhi
Published: August 2021

For improving LC light‐thru, the RGBW technology is proposed to implement peak brightness for high dynamic range display application. In current design, utilizing sub‐pixel rendering (SPR) places RGBW sub‐pixels on stripe array of 3 channels uniformly and keeps the same driving source line in three subpixels per pixel. The SPR algorithm is required to compensate it to pretend as similar display performance as real stripe RGB panel. The paper will discuss how W sub‐pixel is utilized to tune panel brightness and avoid possible issues for display colorful pictures. The paper would present the SPR, adaptive content backlight control (SPW+BL) and its HDR application (SPW+HDR) to dominate dynamic brightness range of RGBW panel.
P‐8.10: Realization of real 10bit medical display module with intelligent timing
Authors: Zhou Liang , Zhang Ling-ling , Zhou Jiu-bin , Liu Jin-e , Qin Feng
Published: August 2021

This paper introduces a high medical diagnostic display module based on intelligent timing. We use programmable devices instead of ASIC to realize TCON function flexibly, matching the high medical display's high‐resolution, high refresh rate, various resolutions. Besides, it can be configured as real 10bit to achieve fine display, ASG architecture to achieve narrow border, zigzag architecture to achieve low power consumption and other functions.
P‐9.2: Quantum Dots Color Filter Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Shi Ge , Liu Yujie , Han Jiahui , Liang Pengxia , Fang Zheng , Yang Song , Shu Shi , Guo Kang , Huang Wei , Chen Xiaochuan , Dong Xue
Published: August 2021

In recent years, as a hot inorganic luminescent materials, Quantum dots have been widely used in display devices because of their high photoluminescence efficiency and excellent color gamut. In order to further improve the performance of LCD display devices, we consider introducing quantum dot color film into the structure of LCD. In this report, we pixelate the QDs to replace the traditional color film, this is different from the QD was widely used method which QDs was made into thin film as part of the back light unit. Compared with the general LCD, QDCF can achieve higher efficiency, higher color gamut and wider viewing angle, in order to solve the polarization of the liquid crystal cell, we use WGP In liquid crystal cell to achieve high contrast ratio.
P‐12.1: The Optimal Technique of Color Shift Based on Reverse Dispersion Material
Authors: Li Bowen , Wang Feifei , Wang Kaixuan , Zhan Hongming , Chen Xi , Ma Xinli , Ji Lintao
Published: August 2021

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) has witnessed tremendous development in the past decades. However, there are still some small flaws like L0 light leakage and color shift which are related to material dispersion. Herein, we illustrated two methods to modify the color shift of LCD based on material dispersion. The dispersion characteristic of LC, wave plate and retardation film could markedly impact the dark state light leakage and color shift. We believe that the reverse dispersion material holds a bright future.
P‐12.8: Synthesis Method for Obtaining Arylacetylenecarboxylic Acids ‐ Synthons for Liquid Crystalline Compounds
Authors: Lugovski Anatoly P. , Neudakh Yadviha , Lugovski Alexander A. , Lapanik Valery
Published: August 2021

One of the methods for achieving high values of refractive indices (n│ / n┴) in the nematic phase is the use of unsaturated hydrocarbon fragments C = C C≡C in 1,4‐polyphenylene systems. Tolanic and terminal acetylene fragments are widely used in liquid crystal molecules, which are practically used in liquid crystal compositions. Arylacetylenecarboxylic acids are useful building blocks for tolanic structure synthesis. In this article we present an alternative method of synthesis arylacetylenecarboxylic acids in a two‐phase system using PEG as a catalyst.
P‐13.2: Optimizing Pad Bending Structure Based on Numerical Simulation to Prevent Metal Line Crack
Authors: Zhou Min , Liu Yifei , Huang Rong , Cao Weiran , Jing Xiaohong , Hwang Jason
Published: August 2021

This article applied numerical simulation to prevent metal line crack failure under extreme pad bending radius like 0.35mm. In this study, the relationship between the metal stress and various thickness designs of pad bending layers such as UV Glue, Bank & PLN, ODH and PI was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the neutral layer shift would be studied as well.

The simulation result shows that either thinner UV or thicker ODH lowers the metal stress efficiently. However, PI shows an irregular relationship with the metal stress, and the influence of the bank thickness is not such obvious as others. After the layers thickness optimization, compared with the original design , metal stress in the optimized structure has been reduced by 67.21%, and the neutral layer gets closer to the metal line ( from 10.97μm to 0.62μm), which explains metal stress reduction.
P‐13.5: Study on Luminescence Mechanism of Blue Devices by Impedance spectroscopy and Transient electroluminescence
Authors: Xu Shuyun , Du Xiaobo , Li Yansong , Ma Lihui , Sun Meng , Zhang Xiaomei , Chen Yonghong , Li Na
Published: August 2021

The luminescence mechanism of blue devices is a Direct Chargerecombination mechanism, that is, the electrons is captured by the host and transferred to the dopant, and holes are directly captured by dopant, and the two directly recombine formed excitons on dopant.
P‐13.8: Evaluation of the Structure‐Capacitance Relationship in OLED Device and the Influence of Capacitance Variation on Pixel Circuit
Authors: Zhang Yupei , Chen Long , Wu Yizhou , Zhang Yuting , Lee Bong-Geum , Yu Xiaojun
Published: August 2021

Over the past years, active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) has established a commanding position in displays for smart phones, smart watches and TVs. However, AMOLED display still faces challenges in pursuing high‐level performance as TFT and/or OLED suffer device‐level variation and dynamic shifting resulting from the aging effect. Thus, a variety of internal compensation circuits, which are designed to partially compensate these harmful variation and dynamic shifting, have been implemented into pixel circuits of AMOLED products. Previous studies have mainly focused on the instability of TFT device, however the capacitance of OLED device could also affect the overall compensation effect. In this study, the structure‐capacitance relationship of OLED device is systematically presented and the influence of capacitance variation on the pixel circuits at compensation stage is also discussed.
P‐13.12: A Deductive Approach and Experimental Verification for OLED Maximum Brightness Calculation
Authors: Li Jingyong , Xu Fei , Tian Wenhong , Hong Jun , Wang Yanbin , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2021

Brightness adjustment is an essential part during the production of OLED (Organic Light‐emitting Diode) module. To acquire the highest brightness, it usually takes one or more tests without the guidance of valid methods or theories. Based on the OLED light‐emitting principles, this paper sets out to investigate into the brightness adjustment process and calculate the maximum brightness of module in theory [Equation (4−6)] on the premise of the fixated white point. With the comparison of OLED module experimental results (Table 2), it shows that calculated values are well compatible with module maximum brightness test values, which is instructive and meaningful in the adjustment of OLED module.
P‐13.14: Two Inspection Methods of Image Quality & Appearance Based on Edge Crack of OLED Display Module
Authors: Bao Wenyu , Chao Zhang , Zhihui Yang , Yuewei Xu , Bao Wenyu
Published: August 2021

In the production process of OLED products, process cutting, transportation collision and so on may lead to cracks on the edge of the product, and the organic light‐emitting materials inside will be oxidized and eroded by water vapor due to the direct contact between cracks and air, resulting in serious poor functional display. And this process is progressive. At the initial stage, the defects are very subtle, which can not be identified by naked eyes and ordinary equipment. It is difficult to check and intercept, which has become the difficulty of the whole industry.
P‐14.2: Optimizing the Performance of Inkjet Printed Green QLED by Precisely Control of Shell Thickness
Authors: Jia Siqi , Ma Jingrui , Qu Xiangwei , Tang Haodong , Wu Zhenghui , Xu Bing , Liu Pai , Li Guangyu , Wang Kai , Wei Sun Xiao
Published: August 2021

The quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) by inkjet printing are promising candidates for lighting and display applications of the industry. The external quantum efficiency of devices by inkjet printing have gap with that of devices by spin coating, so achieving high efficiency in such inkjet printed devices remains challenging. Herein, we report an inkjet printed green QLED capable of achieving a 21.0% external quantum efficiency.
P‐16.9: Research on the optical properties of OGM transmittance and haze
Authors: Qin Zeng , Zong-jie Guo , Zou-ming Xu , Hong-liang Wang , Xue-jiao Huang
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on the influence of metal mesh design on the optical characteristics of OGM products’ transmittance and haze. The metal proportion is used to characterize the mesh design. Firstly, the linear relationship between transmittance, haze and the mesh metal proportion is deduced theoretically. Then design experiments to verify the theory. The results show that transmittance and haze of OGM have a linear relationship with the metal proportion, which is consistent with the theoretical deduction. At the same time, it is verified that the design space and line width of the metal mesh have a significant effect on the metal proportion, and the angle has no obvious effect. The above research provides great convenience for the product design with high transmittance and low haze.
Multifunctional B/N Co‐Doped Graphene Interlayer for Fast and Stable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Weng Jian‐Chun , Cai Chen‐Xin , Su Jun‐Lin , Fan Xiao‐Hong , Deng Ding‐Rong , Wu Qi‐Hui
Published: August 2021

A boron (B)/nitrogen (N) co‐doped graphene is synthesized via an two‐steps method and used as an interlayer for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Due to the excellent electronic conductivity and dense sheet constructure of graphene, it can improve the conductive network, reduce the pores of polypropylene (PP) membrane, and consequently inhibit the penetration of polysulfide in Li−S batteries. More importantly, the co‐doped B and N atoms play the role of Lewis acid‐base, which have a strong adsorption capacity to lithium ions and as well as sulfur ions during reactions, and thus inhibit the “shuttle effect” and accelerate the conversion reactions of polysulfides. Based on this multifunctional interlayer, the cells exhibit a high initial capacity of 1448 mAh g−1, and achieve a reversible capacity of 578 mAh g−1 under a large rate of 2 C after 350 cycles with a capacity decay of 0.015 % per cycle. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of the B/N co‐doped graphene as the interlayer for high‐performance Li−S batteries.
Stop paying attention to “attention”
Authors: Anderson Britt
Published: August 2021

Conceptual fragmentation is when a term assumed to have one meaning is found to have many. When these different definitions overlap in meaning and application confusion and wasted effort follows. “Attention” is such a fragmented term. The response to conceptual fragmentation is simple. Stop using the original term. Our reticence to do so reflects false beliefs about attention. “Attention” is not an old term, but a modern one. Its original meaning is not related to our contemporary intuitions. Attention isnota necessary concept; psychology made substantial progress, even in cognitive areas, during the years when its use was banished. Attention is just one among many examples of conceptual fragmentation in psychology. The root cause is a dearth of theory driving cognitive experimentation. Theoretical clarity is enhanced when fundamental concepts can be expressed in a mathematical form. When theories are stated in mathematical language it opens the door to rigorous cross‐domain comparisons using tools like category theory.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Attention

Neuroscience > Cognition
Honeybee intestines retain low yeast titers, but no bacterial mutualists, at emergence
Authors: Tauber James P. , McMahon Dino , Ryabov Eugene V. , Kunat Magdalena , Ptaszyńska Aneta A. , Evans Jay D.
Published: August 2021

Honeybee symbionts, predominantly bacteria, play important roles in honeybee health, nutrition, and pathogen protection, thereby supporting colony health. On the other hand, fungi are often considered indicators of poor bee health, and honeybee microbiome studies generally exclude fungi and yeasts. We hypothesized that yeasts may be an important aspect of early honeybee biology, and if yeasts provide a mutual benefit to their hosts, then honeybees could provide a refuge during metamorphosis to ensure the presence of yeasts at emergence. We surveyed for yeast and fungi during pupal development and metamorphosis in worker bees using fungal‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), next‐generation sequencing, and standard microbiological culturing. On the basis of yeast presence in three distinct apiaries and multiple developmental stages, we conclude that yeasts can survive through metamorphosis and in naïve worker bees, albeit at relatively low levels. In comparison, known bacterial mutualists, like Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, were generally not found in pre‐eclosed adult bees. Whether yeasts are actively retained as an important part of the bee microbiota or are passively propagating in the colony remains unknown. Our demonstration of the constancy of yeasts throughout development provides a framework to further understand the honeybee microbiota.
Drug-induced colitis on BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAF V600E-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Gelsomino Francesco , Di Federico Alessandro , Tardio Maria Lucia , Grilli Giada , D’Errico Antonietta , Ardizzoni Andrea , Salvagni Stefania
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has deeply changed the treatment of BRAF V600-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients. These agents demonstrated high antitumor activity as well as safe and manageable toxicity profile. Hypertension, pyrexia and increased liver enzymes are the most common adverse events. Gastrointestinal toxicities are rare, and mainly consist of mild grade vomiting and diarrhea. Case report. We report the case of 70-year-old man affected by BRAF V600-mutant NSCLC with bilateral lung and bone metastases. First-line treatment with encorafenib (450 mg once daily) and binimetinib (45 mg twice daily) was administered within a clinical trial. At the first radiological assessment, computed tomography (CT) scan showed a partial response and signs of intestinal inflammation were reported. The investigational treatment was timely withheld. The subsequent colonoscopy demonstrated the presence of ulcerative lesions at the caecal tract, and the histological diagnosis suggested a drug-induced colitis. No specific treatment was given as the patient did not report abdominal disturbances. Forty-five days after treatment interruption a new CT scan showed the resolution of bowel inflammation and investigational treatment was resumed at the same doses. The patient is still alive and free of toxicity recurrence after 11 months from treatment initiation. Conclusion. Severe gastrointestinal toxicities are uncommon with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, although cases of colitis and intestinal perforation have already been reported in literature. The pathogenesis seems to be related to the MAPK pathway inhibition performed by MEK inhibitors. These adverse events should be accounted given the potential to evolve into life-threatening conditions.
Postphenomenological Method and Technological Things Themselves
Authors: Ritter Martin
Published: August 2021

We live in a world where it is impossible to exist without, and beyond, technologies. Despite this omnipresence, we tend to overlook their influence on us. The vigorously developing approach of postphenomenology, combining insights from phenomenology and pragmatism, focuses on the so-called technological mediation, i.e., on how technologies as mediators of human-world relations influence the appearing of both the world and the human beings in it. My analysis aims at demonstrating both the methodological weaknesses and open possibilities of postphenomenology. After summarizing its essentials, I will scrutinize, first, its ability to turn to the technological things themselves and, second, the so-called empirical turn as realized by postphenomenology. By assessing its conceptual framework from the phenomenological perspective, I hope to demonstrate that postphenomenology needs philosophical clarification and strengthening. In short, it needs a more phenomenological, and less pragmatic, approach to technology in its influence on human experience.
Human Disease Phenotypes Associated with Loss and Gain of Function Mutations in STAT2: Viral Susceptibility and Type I Interferonopathy
Authors: Duncan Christopher James Arthur , Hambleton Sophie
Published: August 2021

STAT2 is distinguished from other STAT family members by its exclusive involvement in type I and III interferon (IFN-I/III) signaling pathways, and its unique behavior as both positive and negative regulator of IFN-I signaling. The clinical relevance of these opposing STAT2 functions is exemplified by monogenic diseases of STAT2. Autosomal recessive STAT2 deficiency results in heightened susceptibility to severe and/or recurrent viral disease, whereas homozygous missense substitution of the STAT2-R148 residue is associated with severe type I interferonopathy due to loss of STAT2 negative regulation. Here we review the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management of these disorders of STAT2.
Twelfth Annual ENBDC Workshop: Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer
Authors: Charifou Elsa , Traustadottir Gunnhildur Asta , Bentires-Alj Mohamed , Howard Beatrice , Van Keymeulen Alexandra
Published: August 2021

The twelfth annual workshop of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer focused on methods in mammary gland biology and breast cancer, was scheduled to take place on March 26–28, 2020, in Weggis, Switzerland. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting was rescheduled twice and eventually happened as a virtual meeting on April 22 and 23, 2021. The main topics of the meeting were branching and development of the mammary gland, tumor microenvironment, circulating tumor cells, tumor dormancy and breast cancer metastasis. Novel and unpublished findings related to these topics were presented, with a particular focus on the methods used to obtain them. Virtual poster sessions were a success, with many constructive and fruitful interactions between researchers and covered many areas of mammary gland biology and breast cancer.
Removal of Cresols From Water by Packed Beds of Cyclodextrin-Based Hydrogels
Authors: Peñas Francisco J. , Romo Ana , Isasi José R.
Published: August 2021

A cyclodextrin-based polymer was prepared by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin with epichlorohydrin to be assessed as a sorbent material for cresols in packed-bed columns. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were appropriate to describe the sorption equilibrium in the conditions tested, and the thermodynamic parameters obtained for this process confirmed its exothermic nature with similar enthalpies (between − 6.8 and − 8.3 kJ/mol) for the three isomers. The removal of cresols from water was carried out in nine cycles of sorption–desorption in fixed-column experiments with the cyclodextrin hydrogel, achieving sorption capacities of 6.2, 11.6, and 15.1 mg/g for o-, m-, p-cresol, respectively. These differences in sorption capacities are due to the different chemical structures of cresols, that is, the relative position of the methyl and hydroxyl groups. However, similar sorption rates were observed for each isomer, with a mean value of 0.10 mg-cresol g-CDP–1 min–1 in all cases. The experimental data for the breakthrough and the elution curves have been successfully modeled by two effective two-parameter equations, a dose–response model for the sorption step and a pulse-peak model for the regeneration step. The cyclodextrin polymer matrix has been proven to be an effective a good sorbent material for removing cresols from water, exhibiting remarkable reusability performance and structural stability throughout the successive elution steps carried out with methanol.
Identification of barley genetic regions influencing plant–microbe interactions and carbon cycling in soil
Authors: Mwafulirwa Lumbani , Baggs Elizabeth M. , Russell Joanne , Hackett Christine A. , Morley Nick , de la Fuente Cantó Carla , Paterson Eric
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Rhizodeposition shapes soil microbial communities that perform important processes such as soil C mineralization, but we have limited understanding of the plant genetic regions influencing soil microbes. Here, barley chromosome regions affecting soil microbial biomass-C (MBC), dissolved organic-C (DOC) and root biomass were characterised.

Methods

A quantitative trait loci analysis approach was applied to identify barley chromosome regions affecting soil MBC, soil DOC and root biomass. This was done using barley Recombinant Chromosome Substitution Lines (RCSLs) developed with a wild accession (Caesarea 26-24) as a donor parent and an elite cultivar (Harrington) as recipient parent.

Results

Significant differences in root-derived MBC and DOC and root biomass among these RCSLs were observed. Analysis of variance using single nucleotide polymorphisms genotype classes revealed 16 chromosome regions influencing root-derived MBC and DOC. Of these chromosome regions, five on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 7H were highly significant and two on chromosome 3H influenced both root-derived MBC and DOC. Potential candidate genes influencing root-derived MBC and DOC concentrations in soil were identified.

Conclusion

The present findings provide new insights into the barley genetic influence on soil microbial communities. Further work to verify these barley chromosome regions and candidate genes could promote marker assisted selection and breeding of barley varieties that are able to more effectively shape soil microbes and soil processes via rhizodeposition, supporting sustainable crop production systems.
Expectations About Future Economic Prospects and Satisfaction with Democracy: Evidence from European Countries during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: De Simone Elina , Cicatiello Lorenzo , Gaeta Giuseppe Lucio , Pinto Mauro
Published: August 2021

Recent studies highlight that economic expectations are a crucial determinant of citizens’ satisfaction with democracy (SWD). This article relies on a cross-sectional analysis of European survey data collected in the aftermath of COVID-19 disease to investigate the relationship between citizens’ expectations about future economic prospects and their SWD. Our findings support the idea that citizens’ expectations about future economic prospects are correlated with SWD. Furthermore, they reveal that perceived conditions of material wellbeing moderate this relationship.
Secondary metabolite biosynthetic diversity in the fungal family Hypoxylaceae and Xylaria hypoxylon
Authors: Kuhnert E. , Navarro-Muñoz J.C. , Becker K. , Stadler M. , Collemare J. , Cox R.J.
Published: August 2021

To date little is known about the genetic background that drives the production and diversification of secondary metabolites in the Hypoxylaceae. With the recent availability of high-quality genome sequences for 13 representative species and one relative (Xylaria hypoxylon)
we attempted to survey the diversity of biosynthetic pathways in these organisms to investigate their true potential as secondary metabolite producers. Manual search strategies based on the accumulated knowledge on biosynthesis in fungi enabled us to identify 783 biosynthetic pathways across
14 studied species, the majority of which were arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC). The similarity of BGCs was analysed with the BiG-SCAPE engine which organised the BGCs into 375 gene cluster families (GCF). Only ten GCFs were conserved across all of these fungi indicating that speciation
is accompanied by changes in secondary metabolism. From the known compounds produced by the family members some can be directly correlated with identified BGCs which is highlighted herein by the azaphilone, dihydroxynaphthalene, tropolone, cytochalasan, terrequinone, terphenyl and brasilane
pathways giving insights into the evolution and diversification of those compound classes. Vice versa, products of various BGCs can be predicted through homology analysis with known pathways from other fungi as shown for the identified ergot alkaloid, trigazaphilone, curvupallide, viridicatumtoxin
and swainsonine BGCs. However, the majority of BGCs had no obvious links to known products from the Hypoxylaceae or other well-studied biosynthetic pathways from fungi. These findings highlight that the number of known compounds strongly underrepresents the biosynthetic potential in
these fungi and that a tremendous number of unidentified secondary metabolites is still hidden. Moreover, with increasing numbers of genomes for further Hypoxylaceae species becoming available, the likelihood of revealing new biosynthetic pathways that encode new, potentially useful
compounds will significantly improve. Reaching a better understanding of the biology of these producers, and further development of genetic methods for their manipulation, will be crucial to access their treasures.
Spatially distributed simulations of the effect of snow on mass balance and flooding of Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Wever Nander , Leonard Katherine , Maksym Ted , White Seth , Proksch Martin , Lenaerts Jan T. M.
Published: August 2021

Southern Ocean sea ice can exhibit widespread flooding and subsequent snow-ice formation, due to relatively thick snow covers compared to the total ice thickness. Considerable subkilometer scale variability in snow and ice thickness causes poorly constrained uncertainties in determining the amount of flooding that occurs. Using datasets of snow depth and ice thickness acquired in the Weddell Sea during austral winter 2013 (AWECS campaign) from three floes, we demonstrate large spatial variability of a factor 10 and 5 for snow and combined snow and ice thickness, respectively. The temporal evolution after the floe visit was recorded by automatic weather station and ice mass balance buoys. Using a physics-based, multi-layer snow/sea ice model in a one-dimensional and distributed mode to simulate the thermodynamic processes, we show that the distributed simulations, modeling flooding across the entire heterogeneous floe, produced vastly different amounts of flooding than one-dimensional single point simulations. Three times the flooding is produced in the one-dimensional simulation for the buoy location than distributed (floe-averaged) simulations. The latter is in close agreement with buoy observations. The results suggest that using point observations or one-dimensional simulations to extrapolate processes on the floe-scale can overestimate the amount of flooding and snow-ice formation.
Preventive interventions in offspring of parents with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lannes Alice , Bui Eric , Arnaud Catherine , Raynaud Jean-Philippe , Revet Alexis
Published: August 2021

Children with parents suffering from a psychiatric disorder are at higher risk for developing a mental disorder themselves. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aims to evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial interventions to prevent negative mental health outcomes in the offspring of parents with mental illness. Eight electronic databases, grey literature and a journal hand-search identified 14 095 randomized controlled trials with no backward limit to June 2021. Outcomes in children included incidence of mental disorders (same or different from parental ones) and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at post-test, short-term and long-term follow-up. Relative risks and standardized mean differences (SMD) for symptom severity were generated using random-effect meta-analyses. Twenty trials were selected (pooled n = 2689 children). The main therapeutic approaches found were cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychoeducation. A significant effect of interventions on the incidence of mental disorders in children was found with a risk reduction of almost 50% [combined relative risk = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.84]. Interventions also had a small but significant effect on internalizing symptoms at post-test (SMD = −0.25, 95% CI −0.37 to −0.14) and short-term follow-up (−0.20, 95% CI −0.37 to −0.03). For externalizing symptoms, a decreasing slope was observed at post-test follow-up, without reaching the significance level (−0.11, 95% CI −0.27 to 0.04). Preventive interventions targeting the offspring of parents with mental disorders showed not only a significant reduction of the incidence of mental illness in children, but also a diminution of internalizing symptoms in the year following the intervention.
Learning Distributional Programs for Relational Autocompletion
Authors: KUMAR NITESH , KUŽELKA ONDŘEJ , DE RAEDT LUC
Published: August 2021

Relational autocompletion is the problem of automatically filling out some missing values in multi-relational data. We tackle this problem within the probabilistic logic programming framework ofDistributional Clauses(DCs), which supports both discrete and continuous probability distributions. Within this framework, we introduceDiceML– an approach to learn both the structure and the parameters of DC programs from relational data (with possibly missing data). To realize this,DiceMLintegrates statistical modeling and DCs with rule learning. The distinguishing features ofDiceMLare that it (1) tackles autocompletion in relational data, (2) learns DCs extended with statistical models, (3) deals with both discrete and continuous distributions, (4) can exploit background knowledge, and (5) uses an expectation–maximization-based (EM) algorithm to cope with missing data. The empirical results show the promise of the approach, even when there is missing data.
Compact dual-band millimeter-wave antenna for 5G WLAN
Authors: Jose Melvin Chamakalayil , Radha Sankararajan , Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela , Gulam Nabi Alsath Mohammed , Kumar Pratap
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a novel compact dual-band printed antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern for 5G WLAN. The antenna element comprises a star-shaped patch with six disc-shaped elements at the top and a defected ground structure at the bottom, having a radius of 3.77 mm for both. The proper feeding point and alignment with its element parameters help to achieve good impedance matching. The proposed antenna has a single center feed, a low profile, and a straightforward compact structure without any feeding complexity. A high reception fidelity antenna with comparable bandwidth and moderate gain is presented. The prototype radiator was printed on a 4 mm radius and a 1.6 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers RT/Duroid 5880), with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured to validate the simulation result. The measured impedance bandwidth of 1.3 GHz (27.5–28.8 GHz) and 2.2 GHz (32.45–34.65 GHz) with a respective measured gain of 1.1 and 3.2 dBi are achieved at 28 and 34 GHz. The simulated radiation efficiency of above 95% is achieved for both bands. A good agreement between simulated and measured results of the proposed work shows that the proposed antenna is suitable for 5G short-range WLAN communications.
Die einfache und komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung in der Praxis
Authors: Eilers Rebekka , Rosner Rita
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die ICD-11 enthält reformulierte Kriterien für die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und die neue Diagnose komplexe PTBS (kPTBS). Fragestellung: Wie wirken sich die Neuerungen auf die Diagnostik und Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen aus? Methode: In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die neuen Kriterien vorgestellt und mit früheren Diagnosemanualen verglichen. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse zu PTBSICD-11 und kPTBS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen werden zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Ergebnisse: Die PTBSICD-11-Kriterien führen eher zu geringeren Prävalenzraten verglichen mit PTBSICD-10, PTBSDSM-IV und PTBSDSM-5. Erste Studien weisen darauf hin, dass evidenzbasierte traumafokussierte Therapiemanuale auch zur Behandlung der kPTBS geeignet sind. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Anwendung neuer Kriterien stellt Praktiker_innen und Forscher_innen vor Herausforderungen. Bisherige Ergebnisse deuten an, dass die kPTBS gut behandelbar ist.
Routineversorgung für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung nach sexualisierter und physischer Gewalt in Deutschland
Authors: Vogel Anna , Steil Regina , Comteße Hannah , Eilers Rebekka , Renneberg Babette , Rosner und Rita
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Für die Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter liegen diverse evidenzbasierte Interventionen (EBIs) vor. Fragestellung: Inwiefern sind EBIs für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit PTBS nach sexualisierter und physischer Gewalt in Deutschland verfügbar? Methode: Es wurden die Daten von 39 Teilnehmenden einer multizentrischen Behandlungsstudie analysiert, die für die Diagnose einer PTBS ambulante Behandlungsempfehlungen erhalten hatten. Ergebnisse: In den folgenden sieben Monaten erhielten 21 der Teilnehmenden eine Behandlung; bei nur acht wurden in deren Rahmen die traumatischen Erfahrungen adressiert. Alle Teilnehmenden verbesserten sich hinsichtlich der PTBS-Symptomatik unabhängig von der Art der Behandlung. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse weisen auf Barrieren für den Zugang zu EBIs in unserer Stichprobe hin. Künftige Forschung sollte die Hintergründe für diese Barrieren fokussieren.
Credible Influencers
Authors: Johnson Benjamin K. , Bradshaw Amanda S. , Davis Julia , Diegue Vanessa , Frost Lily , Hinds Jonathan , Lin Tracy , Mizell Cassidy , Quintana Deanna , Wang Ruowen
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Influencers are semi-professional microcelebrities on social media platforms such as YouTube, often sponsored by brands to promote lifestyle products to followers. Influencers navigate opposing tensions of their authenticity and relatability with their carefully crafted personas and commercial interests. We draw from warranting theory to propose that influencer trustworthiness and expertise would be differentially affected by several key message cues: production modification, self-disclosure, and sponsorship disclosure. A 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment with original influencer videos tested effects on trustworthiness and expertise, as well as downstream effects on attitudes and intentions. Video modification had a positive effect on expertise, but no effect on trustworthiness. Self-disclosure had a surprisingly negative effect on trustworthiness. Sponsorship disclosure only had an effect on perceived sponsorship. However, modification and sponsorship disclosure interacted, so that modification boosted both expertise and trust when videos were unsponsored. Finally, expertise mediated effects of modification on attitudes, and trustworthiness mediated effects of self-disclosure. Findings illustrate distinct roles for expertise, trustworthiness, and sponsorship perceptions in the influencer context.
Choose Your Own Geoscience Adventure
Authors:   The Editors
Published: August 2021

There’s no one way to be a scientist. Read on to meet a group of professionals who discovered that their route wasn’t limited to the well-lit avenue.
Rick Jones: Finding the High School Spirit
Authors: Lee Jack
Published: August 2021

Installing a love of learning in students and teachers alike.
Munazza Alam: Searching for New Worlds
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: August 2021

A starstruck New Yorker studies the skies.
Robin George Andrews: “The New York Times Volcano Guy”
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: August 2021

Making the leap from science to journalism.
Ashley Lindal�a Walker: Leading a Celebration of Black Scientists
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2021

Astronomer bridges academic and social media outreach.
Cortical organoids model early brain development disrupted by 16p11.2 copy number variants in autism
Authors: Urresti Jorge , Zhang Pan , Moran-Losada Patricia , Yu Nam-Kyung , Negraes Priscilla D. , Trujillo Cleber A. , Antaki Danny , Amar Megha , Chau Kevin , Pramod Akula Bala , Diedrich Jolene , Tejwani Leon , Romero Sarah , Sebat Jonathan , Yates III John R. , Muotri Alysson R. , Iakoucheva Lilia M.
Published: August 2021

Reciprocal deletion and duplication of the 16p11.2 region is the most common copy number variation (CNV) associated with autism spectrum disorders. We generated cortical organoids from skin fibroblasts of patients with 16p11.2 CNV to investigate impacted neurodevelopmental processes. We show that organoid size recapitulates macrocephaly and microcephaly phenotypes observed in the patients with 16p11.2 deletions and duplications. The CNV dosage affects neuronal maturation, proliferation, and synapse number, in addition to its effect on organoid size. We demonstrate that 16p11.2 CNV alters the ratio of neurons to neural progenitors in organoids during early neurogenesis, with a significant excess of neurons and depletion of neural progenitors observed in deletions. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed multiple pathways dysregulated by the 16p11.2 CNV, including neuron migration, actin cytoskeleton, ion channel activity, synaptic-related functions, and Wnt signaling. The level of the active form of small GTPase RhoA was increased in both, deletions and duplications. Inhibition of RhoA activity rescued migration deficits, but not neurite outgrowth. This study provides insights into potential neurobiological mechanisms behind the 16p11.2 CNV during neocortical development.