bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing of plant transcriptomes unveils the hitherto hidden genetic diversity of the family Secoviridae
Authors: Sidharthan V. Kavi , Reddy Vijay Prakash , Kiran G. , Rajeswari V. , Baranwal V.K. , M.Kiran  , Kumar Sudhir
Published: October 2023

Secoviridae family contains single stranded RNA genome-containing viruses that infect plants. In the present study, we mined publicly available plant transcriptomes and identified sixty-one putative novel secoviral sequences in various plant species ranging from bryophytes to trees, which increased the known secoviral diversity by approximately 0.5-fold. Of the identified viral sequences, 13 were monopartite and 48 were bipartite, and sequences of 52 secoviruses were coding-complete and nine were partial. Except for small open reading frames (ORFs) determined in waikaviral genomes and RNA2 of torradoviruses, all the recovered genomes/genome segments contained a large ORF encoding a polyprotein. Based on genome organization, sequence similarity to known members, phylogeny and secovirus species demarcation criteria, all but three identified novel secoviruses were assigned to different secoviral genera- Cheravirus (3), Comovirus (2), Fabavirus (5), Nepovirus (29), Sadwavirus (3), Sequivirus (1), Stralarivirus (1), Torradovirus (4) and Waikavirus (10). Genome organization of two of the identified waika-like viruses resembled that of the recently identified waika-like virus- Triticum aestivum secovirus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the host-waikavirus co-evolution pattern in a few waika- and waika-like viruses, the increased phylogenetic diversity of nepoviruses and the phylogenetic clustering of waika-like viruses. The study paves way for further studies on understanding the biological properties of identified novel secoviruses.
Medical tourism among Indonesians: a scoping review
Authors: Asa Gregorius Abanit , Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Mclean Caitlan , Ward Paul Russell
Published: October 2023

Background
International medical travel or medical tourism is not a new phenomenon in many countries, including among Indonesians. Indonesia is reported as a major source of patients from the lower, middle, to upper classes for its neighbouring countries. This scoping review aims to synthesise evidence on supporting factors for Indonesians taking medical tourism and what needs to be improved in Indonesia’s health system.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review guided by a framework provided by Arksey and O’Malley. We systematically searched existing literature from 5 databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley. Data were extracted based on study details, study design, characteristics of participants and results.
Results
A total of 25 articles were included in this review. The review highlights a broad range of facilitators for medical tourism among Indonesians: (i) availability of health services, medical specialities, and person-centred care, (ii) region adjacency, transport, and health agency, (iii) affordability of medical treatment, (iv) religious and socio-cultural factors, and (v) reasons patients reported distrust in Indonesian doctors.
Conclusion
The findings indicate improvements in the Indonesian health system are necessary if the increasing rates of international medical tourism by Indonesian people are to change. Addressing the factors identified in this scoping review through avenues including policy may increase people’s satisfaction and trust towards health care and treatment in Indonesia, thereby reducing the number of Indonesian people taking medical tourism.
Instructors’ teaching practice and students’ learning styles as determinants of academic achievement among first-year university students in Ethiopia, SNNPR universities
Authors: Berhanu Anemut Mehari , Tadesse Bezina Kassahun , Birru Biniam
Published: October 2023

The major purpose of this study was to examine the instructors’ teaching practice and students’ learning styles as determinants of academic achievement among first-year university students. A correlational research design was employed. One from each generation, total four universities were sampled. A total of 599 (263 instructors and 336 students) participated in the study. Both descriptive statistics such as frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviation and non-parametric inferential statistics such as Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA, Spearman correlation, and regression tests were performed. Accordingly, we came up with the following findings. First, reflective, sensing, and visual learning styles are the major learning styles among first year students. Second, female instructors, MA/MSc, and PhD degree holder instructors showed better teaching practice than male and BA degree holder instructors. Third, the instructors' HDP (Higher Diploma Program) training, courses taught, and universities have statistically insignificant variation in their teaching practice. Besides, student’s gender and academic achievement have statistically insignificant variation in their learning styles. Fourth, the instructors’ teaching practice has statistically insignificant effect to moderate the association between students learning styles and their academic achievement. In addition, the students learning styles insignificantly related to and predict their academic achievement. Similarly, the instructors’ teaching practices, work experience, HDP training, and level of education insignificantly related to and predict the students’ academic achievement in this particular study.
Front interface defect signature and benefits of CdSeTe thickness and band gap in CdSeTe/CdTe graded solar cell
Authors: Filipe Daniel Inacio , Chenene Manuel Luis
Published: October 2023

Thin film solar cells based on CdTe absorber suffer from abnormal current density – voltage (J-V) shapes and open‑circuit voltage deficit due to suboptimum device architecture, non-optimal back contact and bulk absorber limiting factors, such as low doping density, grain boundary and low carrier lifetime. In this study, we investigate the role of window/absorber interface defects properties in the J‑V curve shape and the combined effect of CdSexTe1-x thickness and band gap on the device performance using SCAPS-1D. For donor-type interface defects no abnormalities are reported in the J-V curve shape of the device. Acceptor-like defects show strong effect on the J-V shape and two types of anomalies in the J-V curve are reported, hysteresis and s-kink. Those abnormalities are eliminated when the defects concentration at the front interface is bellow or equal to. The simulations also point out the optimum CdSeTe thickness and band gap to achieve simultaneously high values of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit density, as well as, high conversion efficiency and fill factor. We demonstrate that further device structural optimization is required in MZO/CdSeTe/CdTe solar cell.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Project Completion in Education
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH
Published: October 2023

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into educational settings has gained significant attention in recent years. This experimental research article explores the use of AI to facilitate and enhance project work in education. The study assesses the impact of AI-driven tools on student performance, engagement, and overall project completion in a controlled educational environment. The results suggest that AI can be a valuable asset in education, promoting efficiency and effectiveness in project-based learning.
Correlation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: R Greeshma L. , Joseph Anna P , Sivakumar T. T. , Pillai Varun Raghavan , Vijayakumar Gopikrishnan
Published: October 2023

The programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/ programmed cell death protein ligand (PD- L1) pathway and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen are the most important co-stimulatory molecules that play a key role in the negative regulation of T cells during carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal oral mucosa. Twenty-five cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa tissue specimens were immunohistochemically stained to assess PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. The PD-L1 positivity of subepithelial TAFs (p<0.001) increased with increasing grades of oral leukoplakia. Pearson’s correlation indicated a high positive correlation between the PD-L1 labelling index of epithelial tumour cells and the PD-1 labelling index of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (p-value: 0.005) in OSCC. A high positive correlation was noted between the H-score of PD-L1 positive tumour epithelial cells and the H-score of PD-1 positive tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in OSCC (p-value: 0.001). PD-L1 positivity increased in dysplastic epithelial cells from premalignant lesions to malignancy.The sub-epithelial PD-L1 positive TAFs were higher in oral leukoplakia compared to OSCC inferring that PD-L1 positivity in TAFs decreased with malignant transformation. The PD-1 positivity in TILs was higher in oral leukoplakia than in OSCC.
A bioeconomic quantitative genetic model for assessing milling yields in rice
Authors: Ali Fawad , Jighly Abdulqader , Joukhadar Reem , Jahufer Zulfi , Khan Shahbaz
Published: October 2023

Rice production holds global significance; however, the sustainability of milling yield traits has yet to receive sufficient attention. Therefore, the current study proposed a bioeconomic model integrated with genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) to rank elite rice genotypes for head rice yield percentages (HRY%). To underpin the elite genotypes, we used a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population (F7) developed by crossing two medium grain rice cultivars, 'M2O5' x 'Baru', with six biological replicates. Both parents had contrasting phenotypic expressions for HRY% [(M2O5; 40%) and (Baru; 54%)]. RIL were under the genetic influence as an additive genetic variance (σ2a) of up to 37% for HRY% with high narrow-sense heritability (h2n>40%) and genetic advance of > 4% per generation with a predicted genetic gain of up to 7%. The measured traits had a moderate to strong genotypic correlation (rg; +0.3 to -0.7; P < 0.05). Bioeconomic adjusted genomic estimated breeding values (Bioeconomic-GEBV) identified the best-performing nineteen (19) individuals with high HRY% and reduced percentage losses (Husk loss, broken brown rice loss and broken white rice loss). We developed an improved version of the linkage mapping software ‘SimpleMapV2’, but QTL mapping did not detect any significant (LOD threshold > 3) QTL associated with HRY% and associated losses. The current study had a dearth of potential for implementing a bioeconomic genetic model at a larger scale across the diversity panel and breeding populations to improve milling yield traits in rice and across different grain/fruit crops that have been neglected so far.
Millî Mücadele’nin Güney Cephesi’nde İaşe ve İkmâl Faaliyetleri
Authors: ŞAVKILI Cengiz , AYDIN Tülay
Published: October 2023

Savaşların insanlık üzerinde ki yıkıcı etkilerinin en bariz gözlendiği ve sonuçlarıyla yüzyıl boyunca etkisini hissettiren I. Dünya Savaşı, Osmanlı Devleti açısından yeni bir mücadele dönemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Uzun süren savaş boyunca maddi ve manevi olarak güç kaybeden ve yokluk içine giren devletin yanı sıra halkta yetersiz kaynaklarla baş başa kalmıştır. Millî Mücadele Döneminde Güney Cephesinde iaşe ve ikmal çalışmalarını mücadelenin seyrine etkisi yönünden ele alan bu çalışmada Adana, Antep, Urfa ve Maraş bölgelerindeki insan, silah ve cephane, iaşe ve çeşitli sıhhi ihtiyaçların sağlanmasındaki idari ve ekonomik yapılanma incelenmektedir. Bir halk savaşı olması nedeniyle tüm kaynakların da yerinden ve halktan karşılandığı bu savaşta Mustafa Kemal ve Heyet-i Temsiliye’nin hızlı ve yerinde müdahaleleri ise mücadeleyi millî ve topyekûn bir hareket konuma getirmiştir. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı savaş öncesi ve savaş sırasında bu birliklerin ve cephe gerisinde kalan halkın kontrollü ve sistematik iaşe faaliyetlerinin Mustafa Kemal ve Heyet-i Temsiliye’nin öncülüğünde yerel güçler tarafından idare edildiği üzerinedir. Çalışmanın temel dayanağını arşiv belgeleri, yerel kaynaklar, anı ve hatıralar, resmi kaynakların yanında yabancı kaynaklar ve konu ile ilgili yazılmış araştırma inceleme eserleri oluşturmaktadır.
Şemsizâde Ahmet Ziyâeddin Uluoğlu’nun Millî Mücadele’ye Katkıları
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet Serhat
Published: October 2023

Bu makalede, Kastamonu Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetinin kurucusu ve başkanı olan Ahmet Ziyâeddin Uluoğlu’nun hayatı ele alınmış, onun Millî Mücadele döneminde Kastamonu’da yaptığı hizmetlerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı, ailenin metruk evrakını konu alan “Kastamonu’da Bayrâmîlik ve Şemsizâde Ailesi” isimli eser, yerel tarihe ışık tutan kaynaklar ve Kastamonu basınından yararlanılmıştır. Uluoğlu hakkında bugüne kadar müstakil bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu husus, yerel düzeyde Millî Mücadeleye sunduğu katkıların ortaya konması bakımından önemlidir. Uluoğlu’nun Kastamonu Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyetinin 1918 ve 1921 kongrelerinde yönetim kurulu üyesi, Kastamonu Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyetinin 1922 yılı kongresinde başkanı, Kastamonu Çiftçiler Birliği’nin 1923 yılı genel kurulunda yönetim kurulu üyesi olarak seçilip görev yaptığı anlaşılmaktadır. Uluoğlu, Kastamonu Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetinin kurucusu olup tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla cemiyetin başkanlık görevini İstiklâl Harbi sonuna kadar kesintisiz bir şekilde başarıyla yürütmüştür. Millî Mücadele döneminde Urfa, Antep ve Maraş’ın işgaline karşı düzenlene tel’in mitinglerinde, protesto telgraflarında imzası vardır. İstiklal Savaşı’nda gösterdiği fedakârlık ve kahramanlıktan dolayı “Beyaz Kurdeleli İstiklâl Madalyası” ile taltif edilmiştir. Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetinin Halk Fırkasına geçişinde Vilayet İdare Heyeti müteşebbis üyeliğine seçilmiştir. Çalışmada, Ahmet Ziyâeddin Uluoğlu’nun Millî Mücadele ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşu sürecinde dönemin zor şartları altında hizmetlerde bulunduğu, yardımseverliği, dini ve millî kimliğine ilave olarak şehirdeki sosyal kişiliğiyle de Kastamonu’nun mahallî tarihinde yer edindiği, Nakibüleşraf Kaymakamlığı, Bayramî Dergâhı postnişinliği gibi vazifelere ilave olarak Cumhuriyetin ilanı sonrasında Atabey Gazi Camii’nde hatiplik vazifesini sürdürdüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durum, Uluoğlu’nun din adamı kimliğinin yanısıra, cemiyet hayatının içinde olması bakımından yönetici ve aydın kişiliğini de öne çıkarmaktadır.
Erken Cumhuriyet Devri “Millî Ekonomi” Görüşünün Mütareke Dönemindeki Temsilcisi: Osmanlı Ahalî İktisat Fırkası ve Programı
Authors: YÜKSEL Mevlüt
Published: October 2023

Osmanlı Ahali İktisat Fırkası Mütareke Döneminin siyasi partilerinden birisidir. Bu fırka, siyaset sahnesine millî ekonomi görüşünü benimsemek suretiyle dâhil olan ilk siyasi örgüttür. Fırka programı, devletin istikbaldeki yönetimini esas alan siyasi, sosyal, iktisadi ve zirai alanlarda birçok hükmü içermektedir. Millî oluşunun yanında demokratik ve çağdaş bir görünüm de arz eden program; Esâsiyât, Teşkilât, Dâhilî, İçtimaî, Maarif, Adlî, Malî, Umranî (Bayındırlık), Ziraî ve İktisadî şeklindeki 10 bölüm ile bunların altındaki 143 maddeden müteşekkildir. Programda, ülkenin dönem itibariyle içerisinde bulunduğu ekonomik ve siyasi dar boğazdan çıkması için gerekli uygulamaları ve izlenecek politikayı içeren hükümlere yer verilmiştir. Bu hükümlerin bir kısmı; Türkiye’nin ilk anayasası olan 1921 tarihli Teşkilât-ı Esasiye Kanunu, Atatürk dönemi millî ekonomi politikaların belirlendiği 17 Şubat-4 Mart 1923 tarihli İzmir İktisat Kongresi ve I. TBMM tarafından 8 Nisan 1923’te yayımlanan seçim beyannamesi (Dokuz Umde) gibi erken Cumhuriyet dönemi belgelerinde de yer almıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada; Osmanlı Ahali İktisat Fırkası programında yer alan bir kısım hükümlerin, erken Cumhuriyet dönemine ait adı geçen belgelerdeki maddelerle karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Böylelikle de Mütareke Döneminde kurulan Osmanlı Ahali İktisat Fırkasının Cumhuriyet’e geçiş sürecindeki etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Binbaşı E. W. C. Noel’in Personel Dosyası ve Faaliyetlerine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: KARTIN Cengiz
Published: October 2023

1583 tarihli resmi Türk-İngiliz münasebtleri esas alındığında 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğine kadar gayet eşit düzeyde devam ettiği anlaşılan münasebetler W.E. Gladstone’ın iktidara gelmesi ile birlikte tamamen farklı bir seyir takip etmeye başlamıştır. Söz konusu seyrin temeline Osmanlı İmparatorluğunu yıkmayı hedef olarak koyan İngiliz devlet aklı, Osmnalı toplum yapısı başta olmak üzere pek çok alanı incelemek üzere oryantalist araştırmacıyı bu topraklara göndermiştir. Kimliklerinde doktor, asker, öğretmen, hemşire yazan söz konusu oryantalistlerin ciddi bir eğitimden geçmek suretiyle Osmanlı topraklarına geldikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Makaleye konu olan Edward William Charles Noel de söz konusu oryantalistlerin bir temsilcisi olarak Ortadoğu coğrafyasına gönderilmiştir. Kafkaslar, İran, Irak ve Doğu Anadolu’da çeşitli incelemelerde ve görevlerde bulunan Noel’in personel dosyası Brisith Library’de bulunmaktadır ve bugüne kadar Türk akademisyenler tarafından gün yüzüne çıkarılmamıştır. Kendisinin almış olduğu eğitim ve başarılarının ele alındığı söz konusu dosya hayli önemli verilere sahiptir. Noel’in Süleymaniye çevresinde görevlendirilmesi, Kürtlere dönük araştırmalar içerisinde bulunması ve Sivas Kongresi’ni basma girişimi sonrasında yaşananlar makalenin konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Ayrıca söz konusu süreç içerisinde İngiliz devlet adamlarının Noel’in faaliyetlerine dönük eleştirileri ve tepkileri de İngiliz devlet aklını yansıtması açısından ele alınmıştır.
Core competencies of K-12 computer science education from the perspectives of college faculties and K-12 teachers
Authors: Zhu Meina , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2023

Given the increasing needs of employees with computational skills, understanding the core competencies of K-12 computer science (CS) education is vital. This phenomenological research aims to identify critical factors of CS education in K-12 schools from the perspectives and visions of CS faculties in higher education and teachers in K-12 schools. This study adopted a phenomenological research design. The researchers conducted a semi-structured interview with 13 CS faculties and K-12 CS teachers in Michigan and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that: (1) the core competencies for K-12 CS education include problem-solving through computational thinking, math background, and foundational programming skills, and (2) what is essential is not the programming languages taught in K-12 schools but computational thinking, which enables the learners to easily transfer from one language environment to another. The findings provide important implications for K-12 CS education regarding the core competencies and programming languages to be taught.
‘Guyanese Girls Code’ Goes Virtual: Exploring Instructors’ Experiences
Authors: DeFreitas Penelope , Layne Alicia
Published: October 2023

The Guyanese Girls Code (GGC) training program, established in 2018, is aimed at increasing female participation in ICT. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the program shifted to virtual operations to ensure the safety of participants and instructors. This presented an opportunity to contribute to the growing body of research that has been investigating the virtual implementation of such ICT interventions. Additionally, potential value was recognized in examining the instructors’ adoption of the GGC’s teaching model to the virtual mode. The program delivered the GGC curriculum primarily via the Scratch programming environment. It involved 80 participants between the ages of nine (9) and fourteen (14), and six (6) instructors. Data was collected via a focus group discussion involving three (3) instructors who shared their experiences of the virtual program. It was found that mentorship and fostering a community of learners were positive extensions of the instructors’ role. Further, game-based activities, live demonstrations, breakout rooms and projects were observed to be effective strategies in delivering the program virtually. However, parent-driven enrollment, some aspects of the virtual learning environment and flowcharting proved to be problematic. Recommendations were made for future iterations of the GGC program and other similar interventions.
Historias de la Depresión Momposina
Authors: Torres Ruidiaz Edward
Published: October 2023

Historias de la Depresión Momposina.
Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA)
Authors: Siqueira Santos Cleidijane , Moreira de Lima Renata Mayara , Albuquerque José de Lima
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho trata-se de um ensaio que objetivou evidenciar a contribuição do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos para o desenvolvimento na escala humana, na dimensão da melhoria da qualidade de vida do público ao qual se destina e de acordo com os ideais propostos por Amartya Sen. Para o alcance desse objetivo, realizamos uma aproximação com a trajetória histórica do Programa ao longo do tempo (2003-2023). Além do levantamento de trabalhos em diferentes repositórios que tinham como foco a análise do desempenho do PAA, no mapeamento de resultados positivos e fragilidades. Pode-se concluir que o PAA se constitui em uma política pública efetiva que potencializa tanto a expansão das capacidades dos agricultores familiares participantes quanto dos demais beneficiários. Porém, apesar de sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento econômico nas escalas locais, regionais e nacional e oportunidades sociais dos públicos-alvo, é preciso ir além, já que não se constata ainda mudanças profundas e duradouras na realidade social.
LINC00667: A Novel Vital Oncogenic LincRNA
Authors: Hu Yaqi , Zhang Yifan , Wang Shuwen , Wang Rui , Yuan Qi , Zhu Leiqi , Xia Fangqi , Xue Mengzhen , Wang Yaqi , Li Yuanyang , Yuan Chengfu
Published: October 2023

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have a variety of properties that
differ from those of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding proteins. Long intergenic nonprotein
coding RNA 667 (LINC00667) is a non-coding transcript located on chromosome
18p11.31. Recently, many studies have found that LINC00667 can enhance the progression
of various cancers and play a key part in a lot of diseases, such as tumorigenesis.
Therefore, LINC00667 can be recognized as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
So, we reviewed the biological functions, relevant mechanisms, as well as clinical significance
of LINC00667 in several human cancers in detail.
Computational Advancement towards the Identification of Natural Inhibitors for Dengue Virus: A Brief Review
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Tur  Razia Iashia , Kanwal Ayesha , Ahsan Muhammad , Tahir Rana Adnan , Sajid Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Mukhtar Naila , Parveen Gulnaz , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan
Published: October 2023

:

Viral infectious illnesses represent a severe hazard to human health due to their widespread
incidence worldwide. Among these ailments, the dengue virus (DENV) infection stands
out. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that DENV infection affects ~400 million
people each year, with potentially fatal symptoms showing up in 1% of the cases. In several instances,
academic and pharmaceutical researchers have conducted several pilot and clinical studies
on a variety of topics, including viral epidemiology, structure and function analyses, infection
source and route, therapeutic targets, vaccinations, and therapeutic drugs. Amongst Takeda,
TAK-003, Sanofi, Dengvaxia®, and Butantan/NIH/Merck, Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) is the only
licensed vaccination yet; however, the potential inhibitors are under development. The biology
and evolution of DENVs are briefly discussed in this review, which also compiles the most recent
studies on prospective antiviral targets and antiviral candidates. In conclusion, the triumphs
and failures have influenced the development of anti-DENV medications, and the findings in this
review article will stimulate more investigation.
Combination of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin,
Kidney Injury Molecular-1, and Angiotensinogen for the Early Diagnosis
and Mortality Prediction of Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Xuelian , Wan Peng , Yu Min , Min Jinyi
Published: October 2023

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications of
sepsis. This study was conducted to analyze the role of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated
lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary kidney injury molecular-1 (uKIM-1), and urinary angiotensinogen
(uAGT) in the early diagnosis and mortality prediction of septic AKI.

Methods:

The prospective study enrolled 80 sepsis patients in the ICU and 100 healthy individuals
and divided patients into an AKI group and a non-AKI group. uNGAL, uKIM-1, uAGT, serum
creatinine/procalcitonin/C-reaction protein, and other indicators were determined, and clinical
prediction scores were recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of uNGAL, uKIM-1, and
uAGT in diagnosis and mortality prediction were analyzed by the receiver operator characteristic
(ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC).

Results:

uNGAL, uKIM-1, and uAGT levels were higher in sepsis patients than healthy controls,
higher in AKI patients than non-AKI patients, and higher in AKI-2 and AKI-3 patients
than AKI-1 patients. At 0 h after admission, the combined efficacy of three indicators in septic
AKI diagnosis (ROC-AUC: 0.770; sensitivity: 82.5%; specificity: 70.0%) was better than a single
indicator. At 24 h, uNGAL, uKIM-1, and uAGT levels were higher in sepsis non-survivals
than survivals and higher in septic AKI non-survivals than septic AKI survivals. The combined
efficacy of three indicators in the prediction of sepsis/septic AKI mortality (ROC-AUC:
0.828/0.847; sensitivity: 71.4%/100.0%; specificity: 82.7%/66.7%) was better than a single indicator.

Conclusion:

uNGAL, uKIM-1, and uAGT levels were increased in septic AKI, and their combination
helped the early diagnosis and mortality prediction.
Bioinformatics Insights on the Physicochemical Properties of Hepatitis Virus Envelope Glycoproteins
Authors: Polanco Carlos , Huberman Alberto , Uversky Vladimir N. , Hernández-Lemus E Enrique , Martínez-Garcia Mireya , Castro Martha Rios , Hernández Claudia Pimentel , Buhse Thomas , Vargas-Alarcon Gilberto , Gomez Francisco J. Roldan , Oliva Erika Jeannette López
Published: October 2023

Background:

Globally, hepatitis B and C infect 400 million people, more than 10 times
the number of people living with HIV. In 2019, it was estimated that 1.1 million people died as a
result of the disease (PAHO/WHO, January 2023).

Objective:

This study aimed to conduct a computational analysis of the proteins that express the hepatitis virus envelope glycoproteins in order to gain insight into their function.

Methods:

Different computational tools were used to calculate the Polarity Index Method 2.0v (PIM
2.0v) profile (previously titled Polarity Index Method profile) and the Protein Intrinsic Disorder Predisposition (PIDP) analyzed for each sequence, in addition to computational tools that made it possible to revise these proteins at the genetic level.

Results:

Both the PIM 2.0v profile and the PIDP profile of various hepatitis B and C virus envelope
glycoproteins were able to reproduce the structural and morphological similarities that they had previously. The presence of certain patterns in each of these profiles made this accomplishment feasible.

Conclusion:

Computational programs could reproduce characteristic PIM 2.0v profiles of the hepatitis B and C virus envelope glycoproteins. This information is useful for a better understanding of this
emerging virus.
Management of Cancer using Photodynamic Therapy: Advancement and
Applications
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Sharma Pramod , Mishra Prem , Malviya Rishabha
Published: October 2023

Photosensitizers (PS) are effective in treating a wide range of tumours using the timetested
technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Light has been employed for centuries as a curative
modality due to its efficacy. Since the effects of using certain dyes in conjunction with light irradiation
were first proven around the turn of the 20th century, new PDT methods have been created. Current
research focuses mostly on methods to lessen or eliminate unwanted side effects and enhance the
drug's pharmacokinetic qualities. The FDA's decision to approve PDT as the first drug/device combo
is not surprising, given the widespread curiosity and volume of published material on the subject. In
PDT, light energy is combined with a PS to destroy tumour cells after its activation by light. In comparison
to chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, PDT often has fewer adverse effects and is safer.
Several different PSs may be used to diagnose tumours, in addition to their therapeutic use. Photodynamic
diagnostics (PDD) is the term used to describe methods like these. In this review, we present a
high-level introduction to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of PDT in cancer. The need of developing
predictors to determine the response to therapy will be explored in relation to the assessment of
PDT therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic. The use of PDT to treat different tumours will also be
shown through case studies. The potential of combining PDT with other forms of treatment, such as
chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and immunotherapy, to increase efficacy against tumours will also
be highlighted. Results from PDT alone may not be as good as those from PDT combined with other
therapies. It's also possible that lower dosages used in combination therapy will have fewer adverse
effects and provide better outcomes than each individual treatment would. It is possible that the therapeutic
uses of PDT might be broadened by a greater knowledge of the efficacy of PDT in a combination
context in the clinic, as well as the optimisation of such complicated multimodal therapies.
Length of Survival, Outcome, and Potential Predictors in Poor-Grade
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Treated with
Microsurgical Clipping
Authors: Lambrianou Xanthoula , Tzerefos Christos , Arvaniti Christina , Tasiou Anastasia , Fountas Kostas N.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been associated
with severe morbidity and high mortality. It has been demonstrated that early intervention is of
paramount importance. The aim of our study is to evaluate the functional outcome and the overall
survival of early microsurgically treated patients.

Material and Methods:

Poor-grade aSAH patients admitted at our institution over fifteen years (January
2008 - December 2022) were included in our retrospective study. All participants underwent
brain Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Fisher scale was used to assess the severity of
hemorrhage. All our study participants underwent microsurgical clipping, and their functional outcome
was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). We used logistic regression analysis to
identify any parameters associated with a favorable outcome at 12 months. Cox proportional hazard
analysis was also performed, identifying factors affecting the length of survival.

Results:

Our study included 39 patients with a mean age of 54 years. Thirty of our participants
(76.9%) were Hunt and Hess grade V, while the vast majority (94.9%) were Fisher grade 4. The observed
six-month mortality rate was 48.6%. The mean follow-up time was 18.6 months. The functional
outcome at six months was favorable in 6 patients (16.2%), increased to 23.5% at 12 months.
Our data analysis showed that the age, as well as the employment of temporary clipping during surgery,
affected the overall outcome.

Conclusion:

Management of poor-grade aSAH patients has been dramatically changed. Microsurgical
clipping provides promising results in carefully selected younger patients.
Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency Type-13 with Perinatal Presentation: A Case Report
Authors: Reigada Sílvia , Santos Constança , Ramos Fabiana , Carvalho Sílvia , Ribeiro Joana , Cancelinha Candida , Diogo Luísa
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Polynucleotide phosphorylase is involved in RNA processing in mitochondria.
Biallelic variants in PNPT1 cause mitochondrial RNA import protein deficiency and
heterogeneous clinical manifestations.

Case Report:

The patiest was the first child of remote consanguineous parents, born at 35
weeks by caesarean section due to fetal growth restriction. Apgar index was 9/10/10. Birth
weight, length and head circumference were at 3rd, <3rd and 10th percentiles, respectively. In
the first hours of life, respiratory distress, hypoglycaemia and seizures ensued. She started invasive
mechanic ventilation, phenobarbital and was transferred to ICU. Physical examination
showed minor facial dysmorphisms, brief eye-opening, hypotonia and hyporeflexia. Electroencephalogram
showed immature pattern and multifocal paroxysmal activity. MRI at D8 of life
showed severe reduced brain volume. Normal aminoacid screen was also observed. Expanded
newborn screening was negative. Mitochondrial organic aciduria was seen. WES showed a homozygotic
likely pathogenic variant in the PNPT1 gene. MRI at 6-months showed brain atrophy,
thin corpus callosum, reduced brainstem volume. Bilateral and symmetrical lesions in globi
pallidi, compatible with Leigh síndrome were observed. Currently, at 14 months, no neurodevelopment
progress, dystonia, visual deficit, sensorineural deafness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
and microcephaly are observed.

Conclusion:

The early and severe Leigh-like presentation of our patient expands the phenotype
spectrum of this disease. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of PNPT1 mutation
with onset in the perinatal period. Moreover, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has not yet been described
in association with mutation of the PNPT1 gene. WES was the key for early diagnosis in
this patient. It should be done in all children with severe clinical presentation of unknown
origin.
An Empirical and Deep Learning Investigation of Working Conditions and
Musculoskeletal Outcomes in Wheat Farmers
Authors: Charan Bairwa Ram , Lal Meena Makkhan , Sharan Dangayach Govind , Jain Rahul , Kumar Jindal Manish
Published: October 2023

Background:

In developing countries, various farming activities are performed manually
with the help of traditional hand tools. Therefore, agriculture is recognized as one of the risky
occupations

Objective:

This research study aims to identify the critical working conditions of wheat farmers in
Rajasthan state, India.

Method:

Data were collected through the survey conducted on 75 randomly selected wheat farmers
of Rajasthan. The survey questionnaire gathered information related to demographic, occupational,
and musculoskeletal discomfort faced by the farmers. In addition, a deep learning-based
posture detection study of the workers was performed to assess the postural risks through a rapid
upper limb assessment score.

Result:

The collected data were analyzed further for fruitful insights. The survey outcomes
showed that awkward posture (41%) and repetitive movement (35%) were the most reported reasons
for the severe risks of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers. The posture evaluationbased
study outcomes showed that approximately 51% of subjects lie in the action category 4,
which shows the higher level of risks in the activities performed by farmers.

Conclusion:

It is suggested to apply the principles of physical ergonomics in the agriculture sector
and spread awareness among the farmers about the agriculture risks associated with farming
activities.
Review of Patent Preparation of Medical Tracheal Stents
Authors: Bao Yudong , Wang Siyuan , Zhan Yang
Published: October 2023

Background:

The trachea is an important part of the respiratory system, which is tubular.
The upper part of the trachea connects to the throat, and its lower left and right branches lead
to the lungs. The foreign body, compression of organs, and destruction of the tracheal ring can
cause trachea stenosis. Mild tracheal stenosis can cause difficulty breathing, while severe tracheal
stenosis can lead to death from respiratory failure, seriously endangering patients' quality of life.
Tracheal stents are a prosthesis that addresses tracheal lumen obstruction or stenosis and maintains
the diameter and patency of the lumen structure by providing internal support in resistance to
external pressure to relieve patients' symptoms.

Objective:

This paper reviews the preparation methods of tracheal stents with various structures
and similar vascular stents in recent years, looks for the deficiencies of existing preparation methods
of tracheal stents, and finds new preparation methods to solve the functional defects of existing
tracheal stents.

Methods:

Review the preparation patents of tracheal and vascular stents in recent years, and then
analyze their advantages and disadvantages to find the improvement ideas of current tracheal
stents to provide a direction for the future development of tracheal stent preparation technology.

Results:

Through the analysis and discussion of the existing technology, the existing problems
and the future development direction of the tracheal stent preparation technology are found.

Conclusion:

A complete set of stent preparation technology for children should be designed for
smaller stents, focusing on developing better-performance composite materials, and the new preparation
technology should focus on the composite of various existing preparation technologies. In
the future, we should pay attention to developing the preparation technology for tissue engineering
stents.
A Review on Sustainability Improvements in 3D Printing Materials
Authors: Du Jiaye , Chi Yuanying , Gao Kaiye , Peng Rui
Published: October 2023

Background:

As the ecological environment deteriorates, manufacturing and construction, as major industries that consume energy and cause environmental degradation, urgently need
a new technology that is more efficient and sustainable. 3D printing has become a suitable choice
for the manufacturing and construction industries to solve sustainability problems and environmental pollution problems due to its lower material consumption and no need for templates.

Objective:

Through the analysis of the research status of sustainable improvement of 3D printing
materials, scattered research is reviewed, valuable conclusions are extracted from representative
studies, and future research directions are predicted.

Methods:

Researches on sustainable improvement of 3D printing materials are compared and
summarized, sustainable materials that can be used to replace existing materials are described, and
the performance changes of samples after material improvement are summarized.

Results:

By tracking the impact of the substitution of various sustainable materials on the sample,
the main problems in the current study are analyzed, including the degradation of sample performance and increased cost. On the premise of solving the above problems, the sustainable improvement of 3D printing materials in the future is prospected.

Conclusion:

Improving the sustainability of 3D printing materials can help improve the environmental benefits of 3D printing. Therefore, this article has compared and summarized previous
studies, described the available sustainable materials, and summarized the impact of various types
of material substitution on samples. Considering the shortcomings of existing research, a more
comprehensive evaluation of sample performance, specific quantitative assessment of environmental benefits, and expansion of indicators for evaluating environmental benefits are the key research directions in the future.
Dual Role of Pregnane X Receptor in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Xu Yuan , An Ziming , Wang Shufei , Ni Yiming , Zhou Mingmei , Feng Qin , Gou Xiaojun , Xu Meiling , Qi Ying
Published: October 2023

The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rising worldwide in parallel with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD
refers to a spectrum of liver abnormalities with a variable course, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH), eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily,
plays a prominent part in the regulation of endogenous metabolic genes in NAFLD. Recent studies have suggested that PXR has therapeutic
potential for NAFLD, yet the relationship between PXR and NAFLD remains controversial. In this review, PXR is proposed to play a dual role in
the development and progression of NAFLD. Its activation will aggravate steatosis of the liver, reduce inflammatory response, and prevent liver
fibrosis. In addition, the interactions between PXR, substance metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver
were elucidated. Due to limited therapeutic options, a better understanding of the contribution of PXR to the pathogenesis of NAFLD should
facilitate the design of innovative drugs targeting NAFLD.
Maprotiline Prompts an Antitumour Effect by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression in
Mice with Melanoma
Authors: Liang Lirui , Li Yang , Jiao Yang , Zhang Chunjing , Shao Mingguang , Jiang Hanyu , Wu Zunge , Chen Haoqi , Guo Jiaming , Jia Huijie , Zhao Tiesuo
Published: October 2023

Background::

Research has revealed that the expression of PD-L1 is significantly upregulated in tumour cells and that the binding of programmed cell death
protein 1 (PD-1) to programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibits the response of T cells, thereby suppressing tumour immunity. Therefore,
blocking PD-L1/PD-1 signalling has become an important target in clinical immunotherapy. Some old drugs, namely, non-anticancer drugs, have
also been found to have antitumour effects, and maprotiline is one of them. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant that has been widely used to
treat depression. However, it has not yet been reported whether maprotiline can exert an antitumour effect on melanoma.

Objective::

This study aimed to investigate the antitumour efficacy of maprotiline in mice with melanoma.

Methods::

In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a tumour-bearing animal model. After treatment with maprotiline, the survival rate of
mice was recorded daily. The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western blotting, the proportion of immune cells was detected by
flow cytometry, and the infiltration of immune cells in tumour tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining.

Results::

Maprotiline was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16 cells while increasing cell apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with
maprotiline decreased the expression of PD-L1 and increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells in the spleen. It also
increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumour tissue.

Conclusion::

Our research findings suggest that maprotiline enhances the antitumour immune response in mouse melanoma by inhibiting PD-L1 expression.
This study may discover a new PD-L1 inhibitor, providing a novel therapeutic option for the clinical treatment of tumours.
An Efficient Image Captioning Method Based on Beam Search
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Pandey Manju , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: October 2023

Background:

An image captioning system is a crucial component in the domains of
computer vision and natural language processing. Deep neural networks have been an increasingly
popular tool for the generation of descriptive captions for photos in recent years.

Objective:

On the other hand, these models frequently have the issue of providing captions that
are unoriginal and repetitious. Beam search is a well-known search technique that is utilized for
the purpose of producing descriptions for images in an effective and productive manner.

Method:

The algorithm keeps track of a set of partial captions and expands them iteratively by
choosing the probable next word throughout each step until a complete caption is generated. The
set of partial captions, also known as the beam, is updated at each step based on the predicted
probabilities of the next words. This research paper presents an image caption generation system
based on beam search. In order to encode the image data and generate captions, the system is
trained on a deep neural network architecture.

Results:

This architecture brings together the benefits of CNN with RNN. After that, the beam
search method is executed in order to provide the completed captions, resulting in a more diverse
and descriptive set of captions compared to traditional greedy decoding approaches. The experimental
outcomes indicate that the suggested system beats existing image caption generation techniques
in terms of the precision and variety of the generated captions.

Conclusion:

This demonstrates the effectiveness of beam search in enhancing the efficiency of
image caption generation systems.
The Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their
Secretome on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ataei Atefe , Azizi Majid , Hajisadeghi Samira , Madani Mojan , Khorami Mozhgan , Hassantash Sahar , Saeidpour Masouleh Sahand , Barati Ghasem
Published: October 2023

:

Oral cancers are prevalent in the human population, particularly in
unindustrialized countries. In 90 % of oral cancers, the tumors arise from squamous
cells, which is called oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite new treatment
strategies, the morbidity and mortality rates are still high. Current treatment options
including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not effective in the treatment of
the tumor. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered one of the
leading strategies in cancer treatment. However, the field of MSC therapy in OSCC is
immature and ongoing studies are being conducted in experimental and pre-clinical
studies. Here, we reviewed these studies to figure out whether the use of MSCs could
be worthwhile in OSCC therapy or not. Both native and engineered MSCs as well as
their secretome have been used in the treatment of OSCC. It seems that genetically
modified MSCs or their secretome could inhibit the tumorigenesis of OSCC. However,
further pre-clinical studies are required to come to a conclusion.
A Digital Mask-Voiceprint System for Postpandemic Surveillance and Tracing Based on the STRONG Strategy
Authors: Pan Xiaogao , Hounye Alphonse Houssou , Zhao Yuqi , Cao Cong , Wang Jiaoju , Abidi Mimi Venunye , Hou Muzhou , Xiong Li , Chai Xiangping
Published: October 2023

Lockdowns and border closures due to COVID-19 imposed mental, social, and financial hardships in many societies. Living with the virus and resuming normal life are increasingly being advocated due to decreasing virus severity and widespread vaccine coverage. However, current trends indicate a continued absence of effective contingency plans to stop the next more virulent variant of the pandemic. The COVID-19–related mask waste crisis has also caused serious environmental problems and virus spreads. It is timely and important to consider how to precisely implement surveillance for the dynamic clearance of COVID-19 and how to efficiently manage discarded masks to minimize disease transmission and environmental hazards. In this viewpoint, we sought to address this issue by proposing an appropriate strategy for intelligent surveillance of infected cases and centralized management of mask waste. Such an intelligent strategy against COVID-19, consisting of wearable mask sample collectors (masklect) and voiceprints and based on the STRONG (Spatiotemporal Reporting Over Network and GPS) strategy, could enable the resumption of social activities and economic recovery and ensure a safe public health environment sustainably.