bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer With Aberrant Diffuse p63 Expression: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature and Morphologic Mimics
Authors: Wu Angela , Kunju Lakshmi P.
Published: August 2013

We report a case of a prostatic adenocarcinoma that showed diffuse aberrant p63 expression in the secretory cells and review the literature and differential diagnosis. p63-positive prostatic adenocarcinoma is rare and is typically encountered when working up an atypical focus with basal markers and α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase. These carcinomas have unusual morphologic features such as atrophic cytoplasm and basaloid morphology. The differential diagnosis includes basal cell hyperplasia and basal cell carcinoma; morphologic features such as the presence of small, infiltrative acini with nuclear atypia, lack of high-molecular-weight cytokeratin expression, and positive α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase and prostate-specific antigen expression can help distinguish a p63-positive prostatic adenocarcinoma from atypical basal cell proliferations. Current controversies regarding the grading, prognosis, and molecular profile of p63-positive prostatic adenocarcinomas are also discussed.
Uma proposta de ganho individual a partir da minimização da ociosidade no espaço de trabalho
Authors: Marinho Carlos Eduardo Varejão , Santos Neto Antonio José dos , Paula Júnior Geraldo Galdino de
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho trata de uma metodologia de distribuição de homens-hora (HH) dentro de um setor produtivo, com o objetivo de maximizar o uso da força de trabalho proprietária (empresa). O método para a obtenção da máxima utilização de HH modela o problema como um problema de programação linear, classificando-o como um Problema de Fluxo de Custo Mínimo (PFCM) resolvido com o algoritmo simplex para redes. A distribuição de ganho celular e individual baseia-se no seguinte: (i) no parâmetro a da célula atratora (demandante); e, (ii) na performance individual. Essa distribuição tem como proposta a motivação irradiada, dentro da organização, decorrente de uma política de melhoria de ganhos que privilegia a habilidade e o progresso individual.
Efeito da incorporação de resíduo da serragem de granito em massa de cerâmica vermelha
Authors: Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Peçanha Luís Antônio , Monteiro Sérgio Neves
Published: August 2013

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa que tem por objetivo melhorar as propriedades tecnológicas de uma massa de cerâmica vermelha utilizada para fabricação de telhas no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, com incorporação de resíduo da serragem de granito da região de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES. Os resultados demonstraram que o resíduo da serragem de granito se constitui como uma alternativa tecnológica para a melhoria da qualidade das telhas cerâmicas atualmente fabricadas na região de Campos dos Goytacazes. Além disso, o segmento de cerâmica vermelha pode-se constituir como uma alternativa ambientalmente correta para o descarte deste tipo de resíduo.
Quantificação dos Teores de Taninos e Fenóis Totais e Avaliação da Atividade Antioxidante dos Frutos de Aroeira
Authors: Bernardes Natália Ribeiro , Glória Lorena Lima , Nunes Clara Reis , Pessanha Fernanda Fraga , Muzitano Michelle Frazão , Oliveira Daniela Barros de
Published: August 2013

Os frutos de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) são amplamente utilizados na culinária mundial e seu consumo vem sendo estimulado desde a década de 80, em função da presença de substâncias fenólicas. Sendo assim, este trabalho quantificou os teores de taninos e fenóis totais nos frutos da aroeira, buscando estabelecer uma possível correlação entre essas substâncias e sua atividade antioxidante. Os compostos fenólicos foram extraídos com acetona:água (7:3), e dosados por espectrofotometria. A atividade antioxidante foi quantificada pelo método do DPPH. Os resultados dos testes revelaram baixos teores de taninos condensados e fenóis totais nas cascas dos frutos, não sendo detectados taninos hidrolisáveis nos mesmos. Apesar disso, o extrato metanólico apresentou elevado potencial antioxidante, o que indica a inexistência de uma correlação entre a atividade antioxidante e os teores de compostos fenólicos nesses frutos.
Estresse luminoso em plântulas de jequitibá-rosa (Cariniana legalis, Lecythidaceae): monitoramento da capacidade de aclimatação fotossintética sob duas intensidades de luz
Authors: Vieira Tatiane de Oliveira , Lage-Pinto Frederico , Ribeiro Douglas Rodrigues , Alencar Thaís dos Santos , Vitória Angela Pierre
Published: August 2013

O conhecimento da capacidade de aclimatação e estabelecimento das espécies vegetais é importante para a implementação de programas de manejo e restauração ecológica de ecossistemas degradados. Estudos ecofisiológicos foram realizados (trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a e teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos) para avaliar o efeito da intensidade luminosa sobre a atividade e capacidade fotossintética de jequitibá-rosa (Cariniana legalis Mart. Kuntze). As respostas das plântulas submetidas à condição de pleno sol sugerem que a radiação direta pode ter sido um fator estressante para a espécie, afetando seu desempenho, embora tenha sido verificada aclimatação da capacidade fotossintética em função da maior intensidade luminosa.
Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves
Authors: Kadish Doris Y.
Published: August 2013

Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves brings to life the unique contribution by French women during the early nineteenth century, a key period in the history of colonialism and slavery. The book enriches our understanding of French and Atlantic history in the revolutionary and postrevolutionary years when Haiti was menaced with the re-establishment of slavery and when class, race, and gender identities were being renegotiated. It offers in-depth readings of works by Germaine de Staël, Claire de Duras, and Marceline Desbordes-Valmore. In addition to these now canonical French authors, it calls attention to the lives and works of two lesser-known but important figures—Charlotte Dard and Sophie Doin. Approaching these five women through the prism of paternal authority, Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves explores the empathy that daughters show toward blacks as well as their resistance against the oppression exercised by male colonists and other authority figures. The works by these French women antislavery writers bear significant similarities, which the book explores, with twentieth and twenty-first century Francophone texts. These women’s contributions allow us to move beyond the traditional boundaries of exclusively male accounts by missionaries, explorers, functionaries, and military or political figures. They remind us of the imperative for ever-renewed gender research in the colonial archive and the need to expand conceptions of French women’s writing in the nineteenth century as being a small minority corpus. Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves contributes to an understanding of colonial fiction, Caribbean writing, romanticism, and feminism. It undercuts neat distinctions between the cultures of France and its colonies and between nineteenth and twentieth-century Francophone writing.
Uma métrica para reconhecer a identidade corporativa de empresas brasileiras
Authors: Mattos Barreto Júnior Eric Adrian , De Souza Freire Fátima , Lima Crisóstomo Vicente , Morais Pereira Ednei
Published: August 2013

O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar uma métrica para reconhecer os elementos de identidade corporativa evidenciados nos relatórios administrativos de 33 empresas brasileiras que compõem o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial. Justifica-se o trabalho tendo em vista que assim como as pessoas tem um identidade própria. A identidade da empresa é caracterizada por um conjunto de elementos que se inter-relacionam de acordo com seus objetivos e valores. O modelo de Melewar serviu de parâmetro para reconhecer 57 elementos da identidade corporativa das empresas, sendo eles: comunicação, design, cultura, comportamento, estrutura, indústria, estratégia, responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) e reputação, além do termo “identidade” propriamente dito. Para cada item de identidade foram utilizados subgrupos, perguntas motivadoras para o direcionamento semântico dos trechos analisados e palavras-chave. Verifica-se que dos 1.881 itens analisados, 48% (902 itens) estão presentes relatórios das empresas brasileiras. A reputação e a RSC foram os elementos de maior evidenciação.
A scoping review of studies for senior nursing home planning in Japan—Trajectory of introducing private rooms and unit care system in nursing home
Authors: Nishino Tatsuya , Tsukuda Haruka , Matsubara Shigeki , Ishii Satoshi , Inoue Yukiko , Tachibana Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Sima Lai , Mimasaku Ui
Published: July 2024

In aging and aged countries, one of the main issues is to establish sufficient nursing homes for seniors. Japan, as one of the most rapidly aged countries, has been reforming nursing homes for the elderly since the 1990s and established a long‐term care insurance system. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map the evolution of researches for nursing homes in Japan since the 1990s, particularly with the post‐occupancy evaluation of the introduction of private rooms and small units. Forty‐three articles concerning privatization of rooms, shared spaces, and small unitization in nursing homes were extracted and analyzed. They were published between 1994 and 2021 in Journal of Architecture and Planning, AIJ Journal of Technology, JAABE, and JAR. The results revealed an evaluation of the privatized rooms mainly from the perspectives of residents' lives and care staffing, the effects and issues of the shared spaces introduced at the same time as private rooms, and the evaluation and issues on subsequent unit‐type floor plans. This study offers significant implications to Asian countries that will have aging and aged populations in the near future by summarizing Japan's experience in dealing with realistic and practical problems over the past 20 years.
Filterless Bandpass Photodetectors Enabled by 2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunctions
Authors: Chen Yifu , Peng Xinxin , Qin Weiran , Li Shiqing , Zhang Lin , Wang Yingwei , Chen Zhihui , Yang Bin , Yuan Yongbo , He Jun , Huang Jinsong , Lin Yun
Published: July 2024

Bandpass photodetectors have tremendous applications in colorimetric analysis, light communication, imaging and machine vision systems. Compared to broadband photodetectors combined with external optical filters, solution‐processed filterless bandpass photodetectors enjoy high integration density and low cost, but suffer from broadened response edges and insufficient spectral rejection ratios (SRRs). Here, prototype filterless bandpass photodetectors with near square‐shape photoresponse are developed based on (CmH2m+1NH3)2PbI4/MAPbI3 (m = 4–8) and (CmH2m+1NH3)2PbBr4/MAPbBr3 (m = 2–8) perovskite heterojunctions. The strong and sharp excitonic absorption of 2D perovskites defines the ultranarrow response onset widths of 10 ± 1 nm. Besides, the strong photoluminescence (PL) self‐absorption of 2D perovskites suppresses the PL leakage from the front absorber to the back photoactive region, which is crucial to the achieved record high SRR of >2000. By integrating Br‐based 2D/3D perovskite photodetectors with onset edge wavelength discrimination of ≈20 nm, a multiple‐channel optical communication system with low spectral crosstalk is demonstrated.
Insights Into Janus Interfaces with Ordered Micro/Nanostructures for Low‐Temperature Differential Evaporation
Authors: Sun Bing , Wu Mengyuan , Zhao Xuguang , Wang Lingfeng , Jia Yuandong , Yuan Zhijie , Wu Haojie , Diao Jibo , He Gaohong , Jiang Xiaobin
Published: July 2024

Low‐temperature differential evaporation constitutes a promising direction for energy‐saving desalination. Herein, a novel Janus interfacial structure with well‐ordered micro/nanopores is developed. Fabricated Janus interfacial structure can weak the water intermolecular forces and pump water to the hydrophilic–hydrophobic junction. Within well‐ordered nanochannels, the increased curvature of the meniscus increases the ratio of thin water layers, thereby enhancing microscale heat transfer at the heated walls; in addition, the smaller nanopores limit the development of microscale vortices at the liquid–gas interface and prevent back mixing of intermediate water at the interface, which possess the nanoscale effect on intensifying the interfacial evaporation. These effects are validated by theoretical and experimental studies. Optimized Janus (20 nm)95°/25° structure exhibits evaporation fluxes up to 2.4 kg m−2 h−1 at 45 °C (feed side)/25 °C (permeate side, ambient pressure), as the theoretical evaporation enthalpy is only 30% of that for direct evaporation. The unique Janus structure simultaneously inhibits salt accumulation and achieve self‐cleaning, thereby maintaining steady performance during 480 h of continuous desalination and 50 cycles of batch operation. This work highlights a promising structural design strategy for separation materials with specific micro/nanoscopic topologies to achieve high performance thermally driven desalination applications.
Tetra‐Donor Pyrazine Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Electroluminescence and Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Gong Junyi , Grüne Jeannine , Matulaitis Tomas , Gillett Alexander J. , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Samuel Ifor D.W. , Turnbull Graham A. , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: July 2024

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are expected to address triplet‐related losses in electrically driven organic lasers, as the electrically generated triplets in the materials can be converted to radiative singlets through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). This offers a way to bypass triplet absorption and annihilation in organic semiconductor lasers (OSLs). In this work, two versatile TADF emitters 4tCzPz and 4αCbPz for application in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and OSLs are presented. Both emitters possess moderately high singlet‐triplet energy gap, ΔEST (≈0.30 eV) and show high photoluminescence quantum yields, ΦPL, in solution and solid‐state and prominent stimulated emission features in solution. Films of 4tCzPz and 4αCbPz doped in mCBP show an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 41.0 and 44.9 µJ/cm2, respectively. The OLEDs with 4tCzPz and 4αCbPz emit with peak wavelengths of 492 and 475 nm, respectively, and show corresponding maximum external quantum efficiencies, EQEmax, of 24.6 and 21.3%. The research shows that D‐A TADF materials hold significant potential not only as emitters for OLEDs but also in OSLs.
Identification and Suppression of Point Defects in Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals Enabling Gamma‐Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Ni Zhenyi , Zhao Liang , Shi Zhifang , Singh Aryaveer , Wiktor Julia , Liedke Maciej O. , Wagner Andreas , Dong Yifan , Beard Matthew C. , Keeble David J. , Huang Jinsong
Published: July 2024

Methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) stands out as the most easily grown wide‐band‐gap metal halide perovskite. It is a promising semiconductor for room‐temperature gamma‐ray (γ‐ray) spectroscopic detectors, but no operational devices are realized. This can be largely attributed to a lack of understanding of point defects and their influence on detector performance. Here, through a combination of crystal growth design and defect characterization, including positron annihilation and impedance spectroscopy, the presence of specific point defects are identified and correlated to detector performance. Methylammonium (MA) vacancies, MA interstitials, and Pb vacancies are identified as the dominant charge‐trapping defects in MAPbBr3 crystals, while Br vacancies caused doping. The addition of excess MABr reduces the MA and Br defects and so enables the detection of energy‐resolved γ‐ray spectra using a MAPbBr3 single‐crystal device. Interestingly, the addition of formamidinium (FA) cations, which converted to methylformamidinium (MFA) cations by reaction with MA+ during crystal growth further reduced MA defects. This enabled an energy resolution of 3.9% for the 662 keV 137Cs line using a low bias of 100 V. The work provides direction toward enabling further improvements in wide‐bandgap perovskite‐based device performance by reducing detrimental defects.
Lignin Hydrogels as a Use Case for a New Miniaturized Chemical Sensing Platform Based on Suspended Gate Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Stapf Marieke , Komenko Vladislav , Nong Johanna Phuong , Adam Jörg , Selbmann Franz , Kravchenko Andrey , Bremer Martina , Fischer Steffen , Knobloch Klaus , Joseph Yvonne
Published: July 2024

Gas sensors based on micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS) offer advantages such as a broad spectrum of potentially sensitive materials and analytes, easy miniaturization and integration, high sensitivity, and low costs. This paper introduces a novel MEMS sensor platform utilizing a suspended gate field effect transistor (SGFET) transducer. In this approach, the flexible gate membrane of the SGFET is coated with a sensitive material exhibiting responsive swelling behavior. For the proof of concept, kraft lignin hydrogel is chosen as a biorenewable material for humidity sensing. A precision dispensing technique is used to deposit kraft lignin hydrogel on the SGFETs. The sensor measurements yield reversible shifts in the sensor's output current of up to 9% in response to 5000 ppm water vapor. The results successfully demonstrate the feasibility of this new sensing platform.
Infrared Spectroscopy of SARS‐CoV‐2 Viral Protein: from Receptor Binding Domain to Spike Protein
Authors: Mancini Tiziana , Macis Salvatore , Mosetti Rosanna , Luchetti Nicole , Minicozzi Velia , Notargiacomo Andrea , Pea Marialilia , Marcelli Augusto , Ventura Giancarlo Della , Lupi Stefano , D'Arco Annalisa
Published: July 2024

Spike (S) glycoprotein is the largest structural protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and the main one involved in anchoring of the host receptor ACE2 through the receptor binding domain (RBD). S protein secondary structure is of great interest for shedding light on various aspects, from functionality to pathogenesis, finally to spectral fingerprint for the design of optical biosensors. In this paper, the secondary structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein and its constituting components, namely RBD, S1 and S2 regions, are investigated at serological pH by measuring their amide I infrared absorption bands through Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy. Experimental data in combination with MultiFOLD predictions, Define Secondary Structure of Proteins (DSSP) web server and Gravy value calculations, provide a comprehensive understanding of RBD, S1, S2, and S proteins in terms of their secondary structure content, conformational order, and interaction with the solvent.
Sulfonated para‐Polybenzimidazole Membranes for Use in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Bui Trung Tuyen , Shin Mingyu , Abbas Saleem , Ikhsan Muhammad Mara , Do Xuan Huy , Dayan Asridin , Almind Mads Radmer , Park Sungmin , Aili David , Hjelm Johan , Hwang Jinyeon , Ha Heung Yong , Azizi Kobra , Kwon Yongchai , Henkensmeier Dirk
Published: July 2024

Ion conducting membranes play a crucial role in redox flow batteries, separating anolyte and catholyte while allowing proton transport to complete the circuit. However, most membranes are trapped in a trade‐off relation and show either low conductivity or high vanadium crossover. This study investigates the use of dense sulfonated para‐polybenzimidazole membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), and analyzes the effects of membrane preparation process, membrane thickness and operating temperature on the VRFB performance. The results demonstrate superior performance of VRFBs utilizing fluorine‐free sulfonated para‐polybenzimidazole membranes compared to other types. Under optimal conditions, the VRFB exhibits high coulombic efficiency (>99%) and high energy efficiency (EE, 92.2% at a current density of 80 mA cm−2), and durability. The achieved EE represents one of the highest reported in the literature for VRFBs. In addition, it is shown that operation at 35 °C has benefits at high current densities (EE at 300 mA cm−2 is over 80% at 35 °C but 72% at 25 °C), while the operation at 80 mA cm−2 only shows a small temperature effect (91.8 and 92.2%, respectively).
Expanded phenotypic spectrum of UDP‐glucose‐6‐dehydrogenase recessive neurodevelopmental disorder: Two novel descriptions with or without epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Plante‐Bordeneuve Pauline , Boussion Simon , Rama Mélanie , Brunelle Perrine , Thuillier Caroline , Vanlerberghe Clémence , Caumes Roseline , Colson Cindy , Ait‐Yahya Emilie , Ghoumid Jamal , Smol Thomas
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in the understanding of infantile developmental epileptic encephalopathies (IDEE) have revealed the association of biallelic pathogenic variants in UGDH. In this study, we report two novel combinations identified by exome sequencing: p.(Arg135Trp) with p.(Arg65*) and p.(Arg102Trp) with p.(Arg65*). Both combinations share a common pathogenic nonsense variant, with the missense variants strategically located in the NAD‐binding domain of the UGDH protein, predicted in structural models to create new interactions with the central domain. The first patient exhibited the typical UGDH‐related disease phenotype and progressive microcephaly, a rarely reported feature. In contrast, the second patient presented an atypical phenotype, including absence of seizure, severe intellectual disability, ataxic gait, and abnormal eye movements. This comprehensive analysis extends the phenotypic spectrum of UGDH syndrome beyond early infantile intractable encephalopathy to include intellectual disability without epilepsy.
Ligand‐Hybridization Activates Lattice‐Hydroxyl‐Groups of NiCo(OH)x Nanowires for Efficient Electrosynthesis
Authors: Liu Xupo , Wang Xihui , Mao Chenxing , Qiu Jiayao , Wang Ran , Liu Yi , Chen Ye , Wang Deli
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical dehydrogenation of hydroxides plays a crucial role in the formation of high‐valence metal active sites toward 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) to produce the value‐added chemical of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic (FDCA). Herein, we construct benzoic acid ligand‐hybridized NiCo(OH)x nanowires (BZ‐NiCo(OH)x) with ample electron‐deficient Ni/Co sites for HMFOR. The robust electron‐withdrawing capability of benzoic acid ligands in BZ‐NiCo(OH)x speeds up the electrochemical activation and dehydrogenation of lattice‐hydroxyl‐groups (M2+−O−H⇌M3+−O), boosting the formation of abundant electron‐deficient and high‐valence Ni/Co sites. DFT calculation reveals that the deintercalation proton is prone to establishing a hydrogen bridge with the carbonyl group in benzoic acid, facilitating the proton transfer. Coupled with the synergistic oxidation of Ni/Co sites on hydroxyl and aldehyde groups, BZ‐NiCo(OH)x delivers a remarkable current density of 111.20 mA cm−2 at 1.4 V for HMFOR, exceeding that of NiCo(OH)x by approximately fourfold. And the FDCA yield and Faraday efficiency are as high as 95.24 % and 95.39 %, respectively. The ligand‐hybridized strategy in this work introduces a novel perspective for designing high‐performance transition metal‐based electrocatalysts for biomass conversion.
Unlocking Spatial Surface Energy in Porous Skeletons: a Pathway to Bridging Electronic Circuits from 2D to 3D Architectures
Authors: Feng Shengwei , Zhao Yuanyi , Xie Xinjian , Sun Yingxue , Luo Xiongwei , Feng Wenqian
Published: July 2024

Conventional approaches to creating high‐resolution electric circuits face challenges such as the requirement for skilled personnel and expensive equipment. In response, we propose an innovative strategy that leverages a photochemically modified porous polymer skeleton for in‐situ circuit fabrication. By developing maskless surface energy manipulation that guides PEDOT:PSS‐based conductive ink deposition, electric circuits with high precision, density, stability and adaptability are effortlessly engineered within or atop the porous skeleton, enabling transitions between 2D and 3D circuit configurations. This process simplifies prototyping while significantly reducing costs and maintaining efficiency, promising advancements across various technological sectors.
Rational design of organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites and encapsulation via metal–organic frameworks as a stable platform with improved deep blue emission
Authors: Naeim Mahtab , Sahraei Reza , Naghipour Ali , Soheyli Ehsan
Published: July 2024

The primary challenge facing perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is their stability, which hinders their potential impact on the industry. This study focuses on new organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (OIMHPs) with stable deep blue emission using the beneficial encapsulation aspects of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Novel (Et)3NHPbBr3 PNCs with deep blue emission were synthesized via the facile ligand‐assisted reprecipitation (LARP) technique. To address both stability issues and low emission efficiency, the (Et)3NHPbBr3 PNCs were effectively embedded within zinc‐based mesoporous MOF‐5 structures. The pore structure of MOF‐5 microporous (with pores size of 1.68 nm) was initially modified to mesoporous (M3 with pores size of 36.88 nm) to facilitate the localization of PNCs inside MOF pores. Then, a full series of experimental parameters were optimized, which resulted in about 10‐fold enhancement in photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) from 6% for the bare (Et)3NHPbBr3 PNCs to 58% for the (Et)3NHPbBr3@MOF‐5 composite with emission signal located at around 394 nm. The emission stability of the fabricated composite was also investigated against external conditions and showed that the optimized composite has an excellent emission after 180 days of storage in environmental conditions, along with a preserved PL emission at elevated temperatures up to 100 °C. This study presents a straightforward and cost‐effective method for producing novel deep‐blue emissive (Et)3NHPbBr3 PNCs encapsulated within MOFs, showcasing substantial improvements in PLQE and stability that are crucial for the development of efficient optoelectronic devices.
Novel metal chelates with antipyrine tridentate azo dye ligand for antimicrobial and antitumor applications: Synthesis, structure affirmation, DFT studies, and molecular docking simulation
Authors: Gaber Mohamed , Elsharkawy Mohsen , Bakr Eman A. , Khedr Abdalla M.
Published: July 2024

Novel azo dye ligand [4‐([2,3‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]diazenyl)‐3‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (HL)] and its Co(II), Ni(II), Ru(III), and Zr(IV) metal chelates, were produced and thoroughly described applying modern spectral and analytical approaches. The results showed that HL chelated in tridentate mode, leading to octahedral geometry toward the present metal ions where Co(II), Ni(II), and Zr(IV) complexes exhibit outer sphere hybridization, while the Ru(III) complex exhibits inner sphere hybridization. The calculated particle size values of the complexes reached 41.34, 46.41, 48.67, and 33.37 nm for Co(II), Ni(II), Ru(III), and Zr(IV) chelates, respectively applying the Debye–Scherrer equation on XRD patterns. When compared to its metal complexes, the ligand's antibacterial action against several bacteria demonstrates increased activity. Tests were conducted on A‐549 and PANC‐1 cells to evaluate the compounds' anticancer efficacy against the vinblastine standard. Co(II) nanosized complex exhibited cytotoxicity that was greater than that of the reference medication vinblastine sulfate against A‐549 cell line. It is promising to use the Co(II) complex to create novel anticancer medications. Quantum chemical calculations for ligand and its solid metal complexes were carried out utilizing the DFT of the DMOL3 module. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies were conducted on the A‐549 protein, associated with FGFR1, using the Schrödinger suite. The ligand and the Ru(III) complex exhibit the most potent inhibitory effects on the FGFR1 protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase integral to cellular growth and differentiation.
Improving foamability and foam stability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) through chemical modification with styrene maleic anhydride
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mousa , Ahmadi Shervin , Rasouli Sajad , Fasihi Mohammad
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to enhance the melt strength, foamability, and microstructural properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foam by addition of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) as a chain extender. The addition of SMA to the polymer increased the complex viscosity by 375%. The calculated dissipation factor for chain‐extended‐PET (CE‐PET) samples demonstrated a rise in polymer viscous behavior with increasing SMA content. The CE‐PET was more elastic than pure PET. Smaller oval‐shaped cells were produced with lower amounts of foaming agent/SMA, whereas higher ratios resulted in larger spree‐shaped cells. The reaction of SMA anhydrides with the end functional groups of the PET chains increased the chain length significantly followed by more entanglement. This behavior prevented cell growth during the foaming process. The confrontation between the physical and chemical forces among the PET chains and the gas pressure created by the foaming agent was the main mechanism of cell growth in the polymer matrix. This variation caused a 30% reduction in foam density. Statistical analysis revealed that CE‐PET foams with the largest cell size and lowest density were achieved with foaming agent amounts between 0.9 and 1.4 wt.% and SMA amounts between 4.7 and 7.3 wt.%.
A review of the ethical considerations for the use of 3D printed materials in medical and allied health education and a proposed collective path forward
Authors: Deane Andrew S. , Byers Kelsey T.
Published: July 2024

3D scanning and printing technologies are quickly evolving and offer great potential for use in gross anatomical education. The use of human body donors to create digital scans and 3D printed models raises ethical concerns about donor informed consent, potential commodification, and access to and storage of potentially identifiable anatomical reproductions. This paper reviews available literature describing ethical implications for the application of these emerging technologies, existing published best practices for managing and sharing 2D imaging, and current adherence to these best practices by academic body donation programs. We conclude that informed consent is paramount for all uses of human donor and human donor‐derived materials and that currently there is considerable diversity in adherence to established best practices for the management and sharing of 3D digital content derived from human donors. We propose a new and simplified framework for categorizing donor‐derived teaching materials and the corresponding level of consent required for digital sharing. This framework proposes an equivalent minimum level of specific consent for human donor and human donor‐derived materials relative to generalized, nonidentical teaching materials (i.e., artificial plastic models). Likewise, we propose that the collective path forward should involve the creation of a centralized, secure repository for digital human donor 3D content as a mechanism for accumulating, regulating, and controlling the distribution of properly consented human donor‐derived 3D digital content that will also increase the availability of ethically created human‐derived teaching materials while discouraging commodification.
New classification of the penoscrotal positional anomalies
Authors: Baky Fahmy Mohamed A. , Altramsy Ayman , Ayad Mohammed Abdel‐Latif M.
Published: July 2024

Background

The aspect of sexual differentiation and the mechanism controlling the position of genitalia, which represents one of the most substantial differences between the sexes, is still poorly understood. Minor cases and some variants of penoscrotal transposition (PST) are unreported, and obvious cases were classified broadly and confused with other unrelated anomalies.

Methodology

Relevant literature published till 2022 were reviewed then organized, recapitulated, and presented in comparison with the findings and data of 65 child diagnosed with PST. So, an integrated comprehensive approach to this uncommon condition enabled a new classification including few unreported variant cases, which were complemented.

Results

PST is classified herein into a cephalic or caudal scrotal migration, the cephalic type subdivided into major and minor subtypes the latter type subdivided into bilateral, unilateral or central subtypes. Cases of caudal scrotal regression is an unreported anomaly in which the scrotum located caudally, as constant association with epispadias/exstrophy anomalies leaving a wide distance between the fixed penis and the scrotal sacs.

Conclusion

PST is not rare as it was believed, it occurs in two directions; cephalic and caudal directions. Scrotal caudal regression anomaly was not described before, as well the PST presented as an inguinal hernia.
Light‐activatable minimally invasive ethyl cellulose ethanol ablation: Biodistribution and potential applications
Authors: Yang Jeffrey , Ma Chen‐Hua , Quinlan John A. , McNaughton Kathryn , Lee Taya , Shin Peter , Hauser Tessa , Kaluzienski Michele L. , Vig Shruti , Quang Tri T. , Starost Matthew F. , Huang Huang‐Chiao , Mueller Jenna L.
Published: July 2024

While surgical resection is a mainstay of cancer treatment, many tumors are unresectable due to stage, location, or comorbidities. Ablative therapies, which cause local destruction of tumors, are effective alternatives to surgical excision in several settings. Ethanol ablation is one such ablative treatment modality in which ethanol is directly injected into tumor nodules. Ethanol, however, tends to leak out of the tumor and into adjacent tissue structures, and its biodistribution is difficult to monitor in vivo. To address these challenges, this study presents a cutting‐edge technology known as Light‐Activatable Sustained‐Exposure Ethanol Injection Technology (LASEIT). LASEIT comprises a three‐part formulation: (1) ethanol, (2) benzoporphyrin derivative, which enables fluorescence‐based tracking of drug distribution and the potential application of photodynamic therapy, and (3) ethyl cellulose, which forms a gel upon injection into tissue to facilitate drug retention. In vitro drug release studies showed that ethyl cellulose slowed the rate of release in LASEIT by 7×. Injections in liver tissues demonstrated a 6× improvement in volume distribution when using LASEIT compared to controls. In vivo experiments in a mouse pancreatic cancer xenograft model showed LASEIT exhibited significantly stronger average radiant efficiency than controls and persisted in tumors for up to 7 days compared to controls, which only persisted for less than 24 h. In summary, this study introduced LASEIT as a novel technology that enabled real‐time fluorescence monitoring of drug distribution both ex vivo and in vivo. Further research exploring the efficacy of LASEIT is strongly warranted.
Effect of nutrition‐based prehabilitation on the postoperative outcomes of patients with esophagogastric cancer undergoing surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Yi , Cong Zhuangzhuang , Ge Qiyue , Huang Hairong , Wei Wei , Wang Changyong , Jiang Zhisheng , Wu Yuheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Meta‐analyses have primarily focused on the effects of exercise‐based prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes and ignored the role of nutritional intervention. In this study, we filled this gap by investigating the effect of nutrition‐based prehabilitation on the postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent esophagectomy and gastrectomy.

Methods

Five electronic databases, namely, PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, were searched. Adults diagnosed with esophagogastric cancer who were scheduled to undergo surgery and had undergone uni‐ or multimodal prehabilitation, with at least a week of mandatory nutritional intervention, were included. Forest plots were used to extract and visualize the data from the included studies. The occurrence of any postoperative complication was considered the primary endpoint.

Results

Eight studies met the eligibility criteria, with five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies. In total, 661 patients were included. Any prehabilitation, that is, unimodal (only nutrition) and multimodal prehabilitation, collectively decreased the risk of any postoperative complication by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66–0.90). A similar effect was exclusively observed for multimodal prehabilitation (risk ratio [RR] = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66–0.93); however, it was not significant for unimodal prehabilitation. Any prehabilitation significantly decreased the length of hospital stay (LOS) (weighted mean difference = −0.77, 95% CI = −1.46 to −0.09).

Conclusions

Nutrition‐based prehabilitation, particularly multimodal prehabilitation, confers protective effects against postoperative complications after esophagectomy and gastrectomy. Our findings suggest that prehabilitation slightly decreases LOS; however, the finding is not clinically significant. Therefore, additional rigorous RCTs are warranted for further substantiation.
Not to blame, but still responsible: Negotiating social representations of neoliberal feminism amongst urban middle‐class Indians
Authors: D'silva Keshia
Published: July 2024

Indian gender advocacy has been criticised for promoting individualistic neoliberal solutions to issues requiring structural change. Such solutions are most accessible to middle‐class women and their dominance in gender advocacy is attributed to the middle‐class viewership of campaigns. Few studies have researched how this intended audience responds to such messages. As patriarchy benefits men, it is also important to understand how gender intersects with social class to shape responses. Accordingly, this research explores the reception of neoliberal feminist ideals in Indian gender advocacy amongst an urban middle‐class audience of 25 participants, comprising of 13 women and 12 men in Bengaluru, India. The theoretical and methodological framework is the social representations theory. Participants viewed three campaign videos and undertook semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to explore their perceptions of the causes and solutions to the issues portrayed in the campaigns, leading to three themes being identified. In the theme of ‘individuals’, participants held women responsible for resisting oppression. In the theme of ‘culture’, participants viewed culture as a cause of patriarchy, with cultural change seen as a solution. In the theme of ‘institutions’, participants discussed institutional sexism but were pessimistic about institutional reform. These findings suggest that whilst patriarchy is blamed on cultural norms and institutional failure, solutions are often conceived in terms of self‐transformation of individual women. These results are situated in social representations' theoretical premise of themata and positioning to analyse how social locations like gender, class and regional identity were mobilised by participants to contest or maintain a neoliberal feminist ideology. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
tRNA‐derived fragment tRF‐30 propels diabetes‐induced retinal microvascular complications by regulating STAT3 signaling
Authors: Yuan Dongqing , Xu Yingnan , Xue Lian , Zhang Weiwei , Gu Liuwei , Liu Qinghuai
Published: July 2024

Transfer RNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) represent a novel class of non‐coding RNA transcripts that possess specific biological functions. However, the involvement of tRFs in retinal microvascular diseases remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to reveal whether modulation of tRF‐30 expression could attenuate pathological retinal neovascular diseases. Our findings demonstrate a significant upregulation of tRF‐30 expression levels in both in vivo models of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and in vitro endothelial sprouting models. Conversely, inhibition of tRF‐30 expression suppressed the formation of abnormal neovascularization in the retina in vivo, while reducing the proliferation and migration activity of retinal vascular endothelial cells in vitro. We also found that tRF‐30 modulates retinal neovascularization through the tRF‐30/TRIB3/signal transducer and activated transcription 3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we validated a significant upregulation of tRF‐30 expression levels in the vitreous humor of DR patients, with high levels of both validity and specificity in diagnostic testing. Collectively, our findings highlight a pro‐angiogenic role for tRF‐30 in DR. Intervening in the tRF‐30 signaling pathway may represent a promising prevention and treatment strategy for retinal angiogenesis.
Predicting Survival in Patients with Advanced NSCLC Treated with Atezolizumab Using Pre‐ and on‐Treatment Prognostic Biomarkers
Authors: Benzekry Sébastien , Karlsen Mélanie , Bigarré Célestin , Kaoutari Abdessamad El , Gomes Bruno , Stern Martin , Neubert Ales , Bruno Rene , Mercier François , Vatakuti Suresh , Curle Peter , Jamois Candice
Published: July 2024

Existing survival prediction models rely only on baseline or tumor kinetics data and lack machine learning integration. We introduce a novel kinetics‐machine learning (kML) model that integrates baseline markers, tumor kinetics, and four on‐treatment simple blood markers (albumin, C‐reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and neutrophils). Developed for immune‐checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in non‐small cell lung cancer on three phase II trials (533 patients), kML was validated on the two arms of a phase III trial (ICI and chemotherapy, 377 and 354 patients). It outperformed the current state‐of‐the‐art for individual predictions with a test set C‐index of 0.790, 12‐months survival accuracy of 78.7% and hazard ratio of 25.2 (95% CI: 10.4–61.3, P < 0.0001) to identify long‐term survivors. Critically, kML predicted the success of the phase III trial using only 25 weeks of on‐study data (predicted HR = 0.814 (0.64–0.994) vs. final study HR = 0.778 (0.65–0.931)). Modeling on‐treatment blood markers combined with predictive machine learning constitutes a valuable approach to support personalized medicine and drug development. The code is publicly available at https://gitlab.inria.fr/benzekry/nlml_onco.
A hidden proteome encoded by circRNAs in human placentas: Implications for uncovering preeclampsia pathogenesis
Authors: Zhao Huanqiang , Xiong Yu , Zhou Zixiang , Xu Qixin , Zi Yang , Zheng Xiujie , Chen Shiguo , Xiao Xirong , Gong Lili , Xu Huangfang , Liu Lidong , Lu Huiqing , Cui Yutong , Shao Shuyi , Zhang Jin , Ma Jing , Zhou Qiongjie , Ma Duan , Li Xiaotian
Published: July 2024

Background

CircRNA‐encoded proteins (CEPs) are emerging as new players in health and disease, and function as baits for the common partners of their cognate linear‐spliced RNA encoded proteins (LEPs). However, their prevalence across human tissues and biological roles remain largely unexplored. The placenta is an ideal model for identifying CEPs due to its considerable protein diversity that is required to sustain fetal development during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate circRNA translation in the human placenta, and the potential roles of the CEPs in placental development and dysfunction.

Methods

Multiomics approaches, including RNA sequencing, ribosome profiling, and LC‐MS/MS analysis, were utilised to identify novel translational events of circRNAs in human placentas. Bioinformatics methods and the protein bait hypothesis were employed to evaluate the roles of these newly discovered CEPs in placentation and associated disorders. The pathogenic role of a recently identified CEP circPRKCB119aa in preeclampsia was investigated through qRT‐PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence imaging and phenotypic analyses.

Results

We found that 528 placental circRNAs bound to ribosomes with active translational elongation, and 139 were translated to proteins. The CEPs showed considerable structural homology with their cognate LEPs, but are more stable, hydrophobic and have a lower molecular‐weight than the latter, all of which are conducive to their function as baits. On this basis, CEPs are deduced to be closely involved in placental function. Furthermore, we focused on a novel CEP circPRKCB119aa, and illuminated its pathogenic role in preeclampsia; it enhanced trophoblast autophagy by acting as a bait to inhibit phosphorylation of the cognate linear isoform PKCβ.

Conclusions

We discovered a hidden circRNA‐encoded proteome in the human placenta, which offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying placental development, as well as placental disorders such as preeclampsia.

Key points

A hidden circRNA‐encoded proteome in the human placenta was extensively identified and systematically characterised.

The circRNA‐encoded proteins (CEPs) are potentially related to placental development and associated disorders.

A novel conserved CEP circPRKCB119aa enhanced trophoblast autophagy by inhibiting phosphorylation of its cognate linear‐spliced isoform protein kinase C (PKC) β in preeclampsia.
Detection of nonsteroidal and steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators in equine hair after oral administrations
Authors: So Yat‐Ming , Kong Fred Ka‐Wai , Kwok Wai Him , Kwok Karen Ying , Wan Terence See Ming , Ho Emmie Ngai‐Man
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the detections of nonsteroidal and steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), namely, RAD140 and YK‐11, in mane hair collected from horses having been orally administered with the respective drugs. SARMs are potent anabolic agents with a high potential of misuse in horseracing and equestrian sports, and the misuses of RAD140 and YK‐11 in human sports have been reported. To better control the misuse of RAD140 and YK‐11 in horses, two separate oral administration studies of RAD140 (0.3 mg/kg daily for 3 days) and YK‐11 (0.2 mg/kg daily for 3 days) were previously conducted to investigate their metabolism and to identify target analyte(s) with the longest detection time in urine and plasma for doping control. In this work, segmental analyses of post‐administration hair samples have revealed that (i) RAD140 and YK‐11 could be detected in horse mane after oral administration and (ii) internal incorporation of RAD140 into hair via bloodstream and external incorporation through sweat or sebum were both observed, whereas YK‐11 was primarily incorporated into hair via sweat or sebum.
Disruption of the creb3l1 gene causes defects in caudal fin regeneration and patterning in zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: VanWinkle Peyton E. , Lee Eunjoo , Wynn Bridge , Nawara Tomasz J. , Thomas Holly , Parant John , Alvarez Cecilia , Serra Rosa , Sztul Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Background

The gene cAMP‐Responsive Element Binding protein 3‐like‐1 (CREB3L1) has been implicated in bone development in mice, with CREB3L1 knock‐out mice exhibiting fragile bones, and in humans, with CREB3L1 mutations linked to osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the mechanism through which Creb3l1 regulates bone development is not fully understood.

Results

To probe the role of Creb3l1 in organismal physiology, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing to generate a Danio rerio (zebrafish) model of Creb3l1 deficiency. In contrast to mammalian phenotypes, the Creb3l1 deficient fish do not display abnormalities in osteogenesis, except for a decrease in the bifurcation pattern of caudal fin. Both, skeletal morphology and overall bone density appear normal in the mutant fish. However, the regeneration of caudal fin postamputation is significantly affected, with decreased overall regenerate and mineralized bone area. Moreover, the mutant fish exhibit a severe patterning defect during regeneration, with a significant decrease in bifurcation complexity of the fin rays and distalization of the bifurcation sites. Analysis of genes implicated in bone development showed aberrant patterning of shha and ptch2 in Creb3l1 deficient fish, linking Creb3l1 with Sonic Hedgehog signaling during fin regeneration.

Conclusions

Our results uncover a novel role for Creb3l1 in regulating tissue growth and patterning during regeneration.