bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is leader humor a discursive resource for predicting innovative behavior? Examining the role of pro-social motivation and personal need for structure in hospitality industry
Authors: Khattak Sana Aroos , Irshad Muhammad , Um-e-Rubbab
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This research aims to extend the research on humorous leadership and the hospitality industry by using the theoretical framework of affective events theory (AET). This research aims to close this gap by recognizing that leaders' humor may inspire pro-social motivation in tourism workers and can harness the ability of employees to offer innovative ideas. The effect of leaders' humor on employees’ pro-social motivation is moderated by the personal need for structure (PNS).

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-source time-lagged design was employed in this research. The researchers used survey instruments to collect data from frontline employees and their immediate supervisors working in Pakistan’s two- to five-star hotels. The current study considers 279 useable responses and tested them through Hayes process macros.

Findings

Results show that humorous leadership has a significant direct impact on the innovative work behavior (IWB) of hotel employees. Pro-social motivation significantly mediates the relationship between humorous leadership and IWB. Further, the PNS significantly buffers the relationship between humorous leadership and pro-social motivation.

Practical implications

Findings are vital for hotel managers to adopt a more flexible leadership style to promote the pro-social motivation and IWBs of hotel employees.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to use pro-social motivation to explain the relationship between humorous leadership and creative work behaviors. Employees' individual needs for structure have also been utilized as a novel boundary condition. The results are essential for hotel managers to adopt a more adaptable leadership style to encourage the staff’s pro-social motivation and creative work behaviors.
Extraction and characterization of natural dye from leaves of Lannea coromandelica and application on cotton fabric
Authors: Samarawickrama K.G. Rumesh , Wijayapala U.G. Samudrika , Fernando C.A. Nandana
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to extract and characterize a novel natural dye from the leaves of Lannea coromandelica and the extraction with finding ways of dyeing cotton fabric using three mordants.

Design/methodology/approach

The colouring agents were extracted from the leaves of Lannea coromandelica using an aqueous extraction method. The extract was characterized using analysis methods of pH, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and cyclic voltammetry measurement. The extract was applied to cotton fabric samples using a non-mordant and three mordants under the two mordanting methods. The dyeing performance of the extracted colouring agent was evaluated using colour fastness properties, colour strength (K/S) and colour space (CIE Lab).

Findings

The aqueous dye extract showed reddish-brown colour, and its pH was 5.94. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the dye extract from the leaves of Lannea coromandelica contained active chemical compounds. The UV-vis and FTIR analyses found that groups influenced the reddish-brown colour of the dye extraction. The cyclic voltammetry measurements discovered the electrochemical properties of the dye extraction. The mordanted fabric samples showed better colour fastness properties than the non-mordanted fabric sample. The K/S and CIE Lab results indicate that the cotton fabric samples dyed with mordants showed more significant dye affinities than non-mordanted fabric samples.

Originality/value

Researchers have never discovered that the Lannea coromandelica leaf extract is a natural dye for cotton fabric dyeing. The findings of this study showed that natural dyes extracted from Lannea coromandelica leaf could be an efficient colouring agent for use in cotton fabric.
Global investor responses to the International Sustainability Standards Board draft sustainability and climate-change standards: sites of dissonance or consensus
Authors: Millar John , Slack Richard
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine sites of dissonance or consensus between global investor responses to the draft standards, International Financial Reporting Standards S1 (IFRS) (General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information) and IFRS S2 (Climate-related Disclosures), issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB).

Design/methodology/approach

A thematic content analysis was used to capture investor views expressed in their comment letters submitted in the consultation period (March to July 2022) in comparison to the ex ante position (issue of draft standards, March 2022) and ex post summary feedback (ISSB staff papers, September 2022) of the ISSB.

Findings

There was investor consensus in support of the ISSB and the development of the draft standards. However, there were sites of dissonance between investors and the ISSB, notably regarding the basis and focus of reporting (double or single/financial materiality and enterprise value); definitional clarity; emissions reporting; and assurance. Incrementally, the research further highlights that investors display heterogeneity of opinion.

Practical and Social implications

The ISSB standards will provide a framework for future sustainability reporting. This research highlights the significance of such reporting to investors through their responses to the draft standards. The findings reveal sites of dissonance in the development and alignment of draft standards to user needs. The views of investors, as primary users, should help inform the development of sustainability-related standards by a global standard-setting body apposite to current policy and future reporting requirements, and their usefulness to users in practice.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper makes an original contribution to the comment letter literature, hitherto focused on financial reporting with a relative lack of investor engagement. Using thematic analysis, sites of dissonance are examined between the views of investors and the ISSB on their development of sustainability reporting standards.
A study on the impact of the degree of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises on corporate environmental response
Authors: Gao Yirong , Wang Xiaolin , Li Dongsheng
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between the degree of state-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) mixed reform and the environmental response of enterprises, against the background of actively promoting the reform of mixed ownership in China.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is conducted on a sample of A-share listed manufacturing companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen of China, investigated for the period 2015 to 2020. The baseline regression results are robust to a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. To deal with the issue of endogeneity, the technique of instrumental variable method has been applied.

Findings

The study confirms the U-shaped effect of the depth and restriction of mixed ownership on SOEs’ environmentally responsive behaviour in the manufacturing industry, especially for lower environmental regulation and higher level of risk-taking firms. The findings indicate that the government, shareholders and other stakeholders of enterprises should not simply consider that the mixed reform is directly promoting or reducing the environmental response behaviour of enterprises.

Practical implications

SOEs should improve their shareholding structures to undermine performance enhancement at the expense of the environment and increase environmentally beneficial behaviours. Regulators and governments should improve the institutional mechanism of environmental regulation and make efforts to promote corporate awareness of the environment.

Social implications

Although the adoption and implementation of environmentally friendly policies are costly, improved environmental response and other social responsibilities are helpful to corporate long-term growth and reputation and obtain more capital market attention. Therefore, firms would benefit from improving their environmental response to protect nature, as well as to enjoy the economic and social benefits of a better environmental response.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a lack of studies focussing on the environmental behaviour of SOEs of mixed reform. As the mixed reform in China has come to a climax phase in recent several years, SOEs of mixed reform is an ideal environment for research. The study focusses on manufacturing firms as these firms are more susceptible to contribute to environmental pollution, exploitation of natural resources and labour concerns.
Consuming communist heritage in China: user-generated image of red tourism via photographs
Authors: Qian Lili , Juncheng Guo , Ren Lianping , Qiu Hanqin , Zheng Chunhui
Published: April 2024

Purpose

As a distinctive form of communist heritage tourism, the ideology and government-led form of red tourism warrants an in-depth examination of how tourists consume and perceive it. This study aims to reveal tourists’ perception of red tourism through the lens of destination image.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected 9,819 user-generated photographs within four types of red tourism destinations (RTDs) and used a computer visual and semiotic analysis approach to conduct photograph-based cognitive and affective attributes extraction. Network analysis further visualized the co-relations between cognitive images and affective images. ANOVA analysis compared the differences of the four types of destination images.

Findings

Ten dimensions of cognitive image and eight categories of affective image of red tourism were identified. It found that monuments, statues, memorial symbols were the distinctive cognitive features, and admiration was the most dominant emotion. Heterogeneity of destination images was identified among the four types of RTDs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is one of the first to explore tourists’ consumption of red tourism through the lens of destination image, which reveals the inconsistencies between the officially projected images and tourists’ perceived images of red tourism. Using Plutchik’s model, it validates a series of positive and negative emotions contributing to the affective images of red tourism, which expands the findings of emotions within the extant red tourism research. Through combined applications of computer visual and semiotic analysis, ANOVA, network analysis and model visualization, the study provides an important methodological triangulation for photograph-based destination image studies.
Task‐related differences in the gesture production of young autistic children
Authors: De Froy Adrienne , Rollins Pamela Rosenthal
Published: April 2024

Background

In typically developing (TD) children, gesture emerges around 9 months of age, allowing children to communicate prior to speech. Due to the important role gesture plays in the early communication of autistic and TD children, various tasks have been used to assess gesture ability. However, few data exist on whether and how tasks differentially elicit gesture, particularly for samples of racially and ethnically diverse autistic children.

Aims

In this study, we explored if task (a naturalistic parent–child interaction [NPCI]; structured assessment of child communication) differentially elicited rate or type of gesture production for young autistic children.

Methods and procedures

This secondary analysis included baseline data from 80 racially and ethnically diverse autistic children aged 18–59 months who participated in one of two larger studies. Video recordings of NPCIs and an assessment of child communication with standardised administration procedures were collected at baseline. Child gesture rate (number of gestures produced per 10 min) and type were extracted from these recordings and analysed.

Outcomes and results

The structured assessment elicited more gestures than the NPCI. In terms of gesture type, points, gives, and reaches accounted for 76% of child gestures. Points (which are developmentally more advanced than reaches and gives) were produced at the highest rates within book exploration. Distal points (which are more developmentally advanced than proximal or contact points) were produced at the highest rates when children were tempted to request.

Conclusions and implications

Our findings indicate elicitation tasks differentially elicit type and rate of gesture for young autistic children. To assess the gesture production of young autistic children, a structured task designed to elicit child requests will probe the developmental sophistication of the child's gesture repertoire, eliciting both the most gestures and the most developmentally advanced gestures.

What this paper adds

What is already known on the subject

Because of the importance of gesture in early communication for autistic and typically developing children, various tasks have been used to assess it. However, little is known about whether tasks differentially elicit type or rate of gesture for young autistic children from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

Elicitation tasks differentially elicit type and rate of gesture for young autistic children in the early stages of gesture.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

We recommend a structured task designed to elicit child requests to assess the developmental sophistication of a child's gesture repertoire.
Bacillus velezensisSQR9 promotes plant growth through colonization and rhizosphere–phyllosphere bacteria interaction
Authors: Yu Zhao , Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Bo , Mao Hancheng , Wang Zhe , Yan Zhiguang , Tao Chengyuan , Deng Xuhui , Shen Qirong , Li Rong
Published: April 2024

The rhizosphere and phyllosphere of plants are home to a diverse range of microorganisms that play pivotal roles in ecosystem services. Consequently, plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) are extensively utilized as inoculants to enhance plant growth and boost productivity. Despite this, the interactions between the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, which are influenced by PGPB inoculation, have not been thoroughly studied to date. In this study, we inoculated Bacillus velezensis SQR9, a PGPB, into the bulk soil, rhizosphere or phyllosphere, and subsequently examined the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere using amplicon sequencing. Our results revealed that PGPB inoculation increased its abundance in the corresponding compartment, and all treatments demonstrated plant growth promotion effects. Further analysis of the sequencing data indicated that the presence of PGPB exerted a more significant impact on bacterial communities in both the rhizosphere and phyllosphere than in the inoculation compartment. Notably, the PGPB stimulated similar rhizosphere‐beneficial microbes regardless of the inoculation site. We, therefore, conclude that PGPB can promote plant growth both directly and indirectly through the interaction between the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, leading to the enrichment of beneficial microorganisms.
Ritual as image
Authors: Sethi Aarti
Published: April 2024

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the central Indian cotton belt, I examine two historical moments: (1) the expansion of agrarian capitalism and absorption of market logics into the peasant household in the colonial period; and (2) changes in seed technology and gendered labor required for cultivating hybrid cotton in the postcolonial era. Through these transformations, cotton farmers have maintained a harvest ritual in the fields. Through a comparison of contemporary and historical versions of this ritual, a new theory of ritual emerges, one that displaces the primacy of the linguistic sign, instead considering the semiotic force of the image. Ritual, in this rendering, is not only a material archive of social history but also an aesthetic and creative practice through which women farmers sacralize their own labor. Amid transforming regimes of cash‐crop agriculture, the ritual situates regimes of cotton growing in the bodily and affective labor of the female farming body.
Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the employment and income of older workers in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Trieu Thi , Sukontamarn Pataporn
Published: April 2024

Using nationally representative data from the Labor Force Survey for 2021, this study investigates the factors associated with changes in the employment and income of Vietnamese workers aged ≥50 years due to COVID‐19. Employing multinomial logistic regression analysis, the first model investigates changes in employment (i.e., job loss, temporary absence, increased work hours, change in work mode, and no employment change). The second model illustrates changes in income (i.e., lower/higher income and no change). Independent variables include demographic characteristics and employment features (e.g., industry and information technology (IT) use). The findings emphasize that a stable job, such as one that contributes to social insurance or employment with state or private establishments, can reduce the risk of job loss and income reduction. Moreover, older workers with high levels of education and work skills, such as IT use, are associated with an increased probability of remote work, which reduces the risk of job loss during the pandemic. The results imply that formalizing employment and increasing the human capital of older workers are effective approaches for achieving employment and income security, especially in the case of unforeseen circumstances.
Decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Chiu Chun‐Huei , Wang Wei‐Yao , Chen Hung‐Yi , Liao Pei‐Lun , Jong Gwo‐Ping , Yang Tsung‐Yuan
Published: April 2024

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a higher risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) than the general population. In vitro and in vivo investigations of the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) have shown a significantly reduced risk of RCC. However, the impact of these drugs on the incidence of RCC in the human population is unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between SGLT2I use and RCC risk in patients with T2D. We undertook a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Health and Welfare Data Science Center database (2016–2020). The primary outcome was the risk of incident RCC by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression modeling was applied to analyze the association between SGLT2I use and RCC risk in patients with T2D. In a cohort of 241,772 patients with T2D who were using SGLT2Is and 483,544 participants who were not, 220 and 609 RCC cases, respectively, were recorded. The mean follow‐up period of the study subjects was 2 years. There was a decreased risk of RCC for SGLT2I users after adjusting for the index year, sex, age, comorbidities, and concurrent medication (adjusted HR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58–0.81). The sensitivity test for the propensity score 1:1‐matched analyses showed similar results (adjusted HR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55–0.81). The subgroup analysis revealed consistent results for sex, age (<70 years), and comorbidity with chronic kidney disease. The present study indicates that SGLT2I therapy significantly decreases RCC risk in patients with T2D. This finding was also consistent among the sensitivity test and subgroup analysis for those with or without chronic kidney disease/hypertension.
Icariin alleviates the apoptosis of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis through regulating SIRT‐1‐Nrf2‐HO‐1 signaling
Authors: Liu Ying‐song , Zhong Hao‐bo , Liu Wei‐le , He Xin‐huan , Zhan Xiao‐rui , Sun Chun‐han
Published: April 2024

Icariin has shown the potential to treat osteoarthritis (OA), but the specific mechanism still needs further exploration. Therefore, this study attempted to reveal the effect and mechanism of icariin on OA based on in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vivo, a mouse model of OA was established by cutting the anterior cruciate ligament, and 10 mg/kg icariin was given to mice orally. Then, the OA injury and pathological changes of cartilage tissue in mice were identified by OA index and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In vitro, the viability of C28/I2 cells incubated with different concentrations of icariin was detected by 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐ phenytetrazoliumromide assay. Subsequently, C28/I2 cells induced by IL‐1β were used as the cell model of OA, the expression of Sirtuin (SIRT)‐1 in cells was knocked down, and icariin was added for intervention. Next, western blot was used to observe the expression level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT‐1)‐Nrf2‐heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) signaling pathway‐related proteins in cells of each group. Besides, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and apoptosis assay, and DNA damage was observed by comet assay. In vivo experiments, intragastric administration of icariin could effectively reduce the OA index of mice, improve the pathological changes of cartilage tissue, and obviously activated the SIRT‐1‐Nrf2‐HO‐1 signaling pathway. In vitro experiments, icariin did not exhibit toxic effect on C28/I2 cells, but could activate the SIRT‐1‐Nrf2‐HO‐1 signaling pathway, improve the viability, reduce the level of apoptosis and relieve the DNA damage in OA cells; however, these effects were inhibited by si‐ SIRT‐1. Icariin can improve the symptoms of OA by activating the SIRT‐1‐Nrf2‐HO‐1 signaling pathway.
Featured Cover
Authors: Ma Liyuan , Gao Luying , Hu Ya , Li Xiaoyi , Liu Chunhao , Ji Jiang , Shi Xinlong , Pan Aonan , An Yuang , Luo Nengwen , Xia Yu , Jiang Yuxin
Published: April 2024

The cover image is based on the Short Report Feasibility of whole-exome sequencing in fine-needle aspiration specimens of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma for the identification of novel gene mutations by Liyuan Ma et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.14494.

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Immediate versus delayed implant placement of novel fully tapered tissue‐level implants – A retrospective multicenter clinical study
Authors: Schiegnitz Eik , Sagheb Keyvan , Raahimi Leila , König Jochem , Azaripour Adriano , Al‐Nawas Bilal
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of novel fully tapered tissue‐level implants in immediate implant placement (type 1) versus late implant placement (type 4) for the first time.

Materials and Methods

For this clinical study, 318 fully tapered tissue‐level implants in 65 patients were inserted immediately (n = 68 implants) or late (n = 250 implants) in two different centers. Implant survival and success rates and marginal bone levels were analyzed.

Results

After a mean follow‐up of 12.0 ± 5 months, implant survival rates were 97.8% for all implants. No statistically significant difference in implant survival rates between type 1 and type 4 could be detected (98.5% vs 97.6%, HR 0.70, 95%‐CI 0.084–5.81). Neither for implant length (HR 0.53, 95%‐CI 0.055–5.08) nor for implant width (HR 0.27, CI 0.028–2.55), a significant influence on implant survival could be detected. Type of used biomaterial for filling the gap and immediate loading showed no effect on implant survival. Mean marginal bone loss was 0.02 ± 0.05 mm for type 1 and 0.04 ± 0.1 for type 4.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this retrospective study and the short follow‐up, the results demonstrated comparable high survival and success rates and stable marginal bone levels for type 1 and type 4 placement of this novel tissue‐level implant (no clinical trial registration as retrospective study design).
Telefonische Verlaufskontrolle nach ambulanten nagelchirurgischen Eingriffen – eine retrospektive Analyse
Authors: Giordano Anna , Löser Christoph R. , Dippel Edgar , Hofmann Silke C. , Mohr Peter , Schneider Stefan W. , Balakirski Galina
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Zu den Versorgungsgebieten der Dermatochirurgie gehört die operative Behandlung von Erkrankungen des Nagelorgans. Untersucht wurden Beschwerden und Nebenwirkungen nach Nageleingriffen mittels telefonischer Verlaufskontrolle (TFU) und deren Eignung für die postoperative Kontrolle und Beratung.

Patienten und Methodik

Alle Patienten, die von Oktober 2019 bis Dezember 2021 in der Hautklinik am Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein ambulant am Nagelorgan operiert wurden, wurden am zweiten bis dritten postoperativen Tag telefonisch kontaktiert und standardisiert zu postoperativen Beschwerden befragt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 100 Fälle nachverfolgt. Die am häufigsten durchgeführten Eingriffe waren Phenolkaustik (41%), Nagelavulsion (16%) und Nagelmatrixbiopsien (9%). 50% und 21% der Patienten berichteten jeweils am Tag des Eingriffs und am Folgetag Schmerzen gehabt zu haben. Nach Nagelavulsion wurden signifikant häufiger Schmerzen am Folgetag nach dem Eingriff berichtet und Schmerzmittel benötigt (p  =  0,002). Schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen traten nicht auf. Zehn Prozent der Befragten äußerten bei der TFU konkrete Fragen und benötigten eine Beratung.

Schlussfolgerungen

Alle Nageleingriffe wurden gut vertragen. Schmerzen stellten die häufigsten Beschwerden dar, allerdings gab nur die Hälfte aller Angerufenen an, am Operationstag Schmerzen gehabt zu haben, am Folgetag nur noch 21%. Die TFU stellt eine effektive, praktikable sowie einfach zu etablierende Methode zur postoperativen Verlaufskontrolle und Beratung nach ambulanten Nageleingriffen dar.
Hydrochlorothiazid: Erhöhtes Risiko für atypisches Fibroxanthom und pleomorphes dermales Sarkom
Authors: Kuntz Thomas , Grimm Alexander , Hofmann Silke C. , Michalowitz Alena‐Lioba , Schaller Jörg , Hellmich Martin , Assaf Chalid , Oellig Frank , Kreuter Alexander
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund und Ziele

Bisherige Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass Hydrochlorothiazid (HCT) aufgrund seiner photokarzinogenen Wirkung einen Risikofaktor für Plattenepithelkarzinome (SCC) und Basalzellkarzinome (BCC) darstellt. Atypische Fibroxanthome (AFX) und pleomorphe dermale Sarkome (PDS), beides UV‐induzierte Tumoren, stellen eine seltene, aber zunehmende Tumorentität der Haut dar. In dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, ob die Einnahme von HCT bei Patienten mit AFX/PDS höher ist als bei Patienten mit SCC/BCC und ob dies ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von AFX/PDS sein könnte.

Patienten und Methodik

In einer retrospektiven Studie an vier deutschen Hautkrebszentren wurden AFX/PDS‐Fälle und SCC/BCC‐Kontrollen über einen Zeitraum von sieben Jahren (2013‐2019) geschlechts‐ und alters‐gematcht (1:3) auf die Einnahme von HCT und immunsuppressiven Medikamenten sowie auf Zweitmalignome und Diabetes mellitus untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 146 AFX/PDS und 438 Kontrollen (SCC/BCC) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Einnahme von HCT war bei Patienten mit AFX/PDS (44,5%) im Vergleich zu Patienten mit SCC/BCC (25,3%) signifikant häufiger. Außerdem war Diabetes mellitus bei AFX/PDS‐Patienten signifikant häufiger.

Schlussfolgerungen

Diese Studie zeigt eine signifikant höhere Einnahme von HCT bei Patienten mit AFX/PDS im Vergleich zu SCC/BCC. Dies legt nahe, dass HCT ein Risikofaktor für AFX/PDS sein könnte. Darüber hinaus könnten ein Diabetes mellitus oder dessen Begleiterkrankungen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für AFX/PDS assoziiert sein.
Impact of a family history of mental disorders on the characteristics of patients with early psychosis
Authors: Pöthe Barbara , Conus Philippe , Golay Philippe
Published: April 2024

Aim

Children of parents with psychiatric illness have a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders. This is particularly the case for psychoses and the evolution of these disorders could likely differ. The aim of this study was to study the impact of a first‐degree and second‐degree family history of psychiatric disorders (FHPD) on the characteristics of patients with early psychosis in a specialized programme.

Method

This research is a prospective study based on 408 patients aged 18–35 years enrolled in the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP) with a three‐years follow‐up. Various characteristics were compared between patients with first‐degree‐FHPD and those without, then between patients with 2nd degree‐FHPD and those without. The influence of the number of parents with first or second degree FHPD on clinical characteristics was also studied.

Results

Our results showed an influence of FHPD on the characteristics of patients presenting a first episode of psychosis. Over the 3 years of follow‐up, patients with at least one second‐degree relative showed more negative and depressive symptoms and poorer general functioning than patient who did not. The number of parents with first or second degree FHPD was also negatively associated with several clinical variables.

Conclusion

The results of this study confirm the existence of a distinct premorbid profile and a different evolution in patients with FHPD, which is not limited to first‐degree relatives. This suggests the importance of specific needs that should be addressed during treatment.
Alteration of synaptic protein composition during developmental synapse maturation
Authors: Kaizuka Takeshi , Takumi Toru
Published: April 2024

The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a collection of specialized proteins assembled beneath the postsynaptic membrane of dendritic spines. The PSD proteome comprises ~1000 proteins, including neurotransmitter receptors, scaffolding proteins and signalling enzymes. Many of these proteins have essential roles in synaptic function and plasticity. During brain development, changes are observed in synapse density and in the stability and shape of spines, reflecting the underlying molecular maturation of synapses. Synaptic protein composition changes in terms of protein abundance and the assembly of protein complexes, supercomplexes and the physical organization of the PSD. Here, we summarize the developmental alterations of postsynaptic protein composition during synapse maturation. We describe major PSD proteins involved in postsynaptic signalling that regulates synaptic plasticity and discuss the effect of altered expression of these proteins during development. We consider the abnormality of synaptic profiles and synaptic protein composition in the brain in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders. We also explain differences in synapse development between rodents and primates in terms of synaptic profiles and protein composition. Finally, we introduce recent findings related to synaptic diversity and nanoarchitecture and discuss their impact on future research. Synaptic protein composition can be considered a major determinant and marker of synapse maturation in normality and disease.
Age, not autism, influences multisensory integration of speech stimuli among adults in a McGurk/MacDonald paradigm
Authors: Jertberg Robert M. , Begeer Sander , Geurts Hilde M. , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Van der Burg Erik
Published: April 2024

Differences between autistic and non‐autistic individuals in perception of the temporal relationships between sights and sounds are theorized to underlie difficulties in integrating relevant sensory information. These, in turn, are thought to contribute to problems with speech perception and higher level social behaviour. However, the literature establishing this connection often involves limited sample sizes and focuses almost entirely on children. To determine whether these differences persist into adulthood, we compared 496 autistic and 373 non‐autistic adults (aged 17 to 75 years). Participants completed an online version of the McGurk/MacDonald paradigm, a multisensory illusion indicative of the ability to integrate audiovisual speech stimuli. Audiovisual asynchrony was manipulated, and participants responded both to the syllable they perceived (revealing their susceptibility to the illusion) and to whether or not the audio and video were synchronized (allowing insight into temporal processing). In contrast with prior research with smaller, younger samples, we detected no evidence of impaired temporal or multisensory processing in autistic adults. Instead, we found that in both groups, multisensory integration correlated strongly with age. This contradicts prior presumptions that differences in multisensory perception persist and even increase in magnitude over the lifespan of autistic individuals. It also suggests that the compensatory role multisensory integration may play as the individual senses decline with age is intact. These findings challenge existing theories and provide an optimistic perspective on autistic development. They also underline the importance of expanding autism research to better reflect the age range of the autistic population.
Electrographic screening for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in a single sleep–wake cycle
Authors: Mason John A. , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Knupp Kelly G.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a common and urgent diagnosis with seizure and nonseizure mimics. Evaluation with prolonged video–electroencephalography (EEG) can be time‐consuming and costly. This study investigated the use of EEG review of a single sleep–wake cycle to exclude IESS.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed video‐EEG studies to rule out IESS in children between the ages of 2 months and 2 years in the period from January 2019 through June 2020. EEG studies were reviewed from the start of the recording through the first sleep–wake cycle and scored as “normal,” “consistent with IESS,” or “abnormal but not diagnostic of IESS.” Scores were compared to the clinical report created by analysis of the entire video‐EEG.

Results

Inclusion criteria were met in 238 EEG studies. The mean patient age was 7.6 months. The median duration of the full study was 908 min, compared to 107.5 min for the first sleep–wake cycle only. The median difference in recording time was 801 min, p‐value < .01. Scored outcomes were similar. Sixty‐eight percent of EEG studies were scored as “normal” on first sleep–wake cycle review as compared to 63% on full study review, 13% scored as “consistent with IESS” compared to 16% and 19% scored as “abnormal but not diagnostic of IESS” compared to 21%. Sensitivity and specificity of the first sleep–wake cycle review for studies “consistent with IESS” was 84% and 100%, respectively. No cases of IESS were scored as normal on first sleep–wake cycle review.

Significance

A single sleep–wake cycle captured on EEG can triage studies when IESS is suspected. A normal first sleep–wake cycle did not miss cases of IESS and could result in reduced EEG recording time. Because most of these cases presented to an emergency department, a normal first sleep–wake cycle may help providers determine the acuity, or necessity, of further testing.
DFEF: Diversify feature enhancement and fusion for online knowledge distillation
Authors: Liang Xingzhu , Zhang Jian , Liu Erhu , Fang Xianjin
Published: April 2024

Traditional knowledge distillation relies on high‐capacity teacher models to supervise the training of compact student networks. To avoid the computational resource costs associated with pretraining high‐capacity teacher models, teacher‐free online knowledge distillation methods have achieved satisfactory performance. Among these methods, feature fusion methods have effectively alleviated the limitations of training without the strong guidance of a powerful teacher model. However, existing feature fusion methods often focus primarily on end‐layer features, overlooking the efficient utilization of holistic knowledge loops and high‐level information within the network. In this article, we propose a new feature fusion‐based mutual learning method called Diversify Feature Enhancement and Fusion for Online Knowledge Distillation (DFEF). First, we enhance advanced semantic information by mapping multiple end‐of‐network features to obtain richer feature representations. Next, we design a self‐distillation module to strengthen knowledge interactions between the deep and shallow network layers. Additionally, we employ attention mechanisms to provide deeper and more diversified enhancements to the input feature maps of the self‐distillation module, allowing the entire network architecture to acquire a broader range of knowledge. Finally, we employ feature fusion to merge the enhanced features and generate a high‐performance virtual teacher to guide the training of the student model. Extensive evaluations on the CIFAR‐10, CIFAR‐100, and CINIC‐10 datasets demonstrate that our proposed method can significantly enhance performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art feature fusion‐based online knowledge distillation methods. Our code can be found at https://github.com/JSJ515-Group/DFEF-Liu.
Migration choices for farming households in rural areas: Why new countryside locations are important for the inhabitants of traditional agricultural areas in central China
Authors: Shen Haojing , Song Yan , Shan Zhengying
Published: April 2024

In the urbanisation stage of bilateral urban–rural interaction, China is adopting various policies to achieve rural revitalisation and provide diverse destinations to which farmers can migrate. Most previous studies have focused on urban destinations; thus, new countryside locations are not as well understood in this context. This study focused on first migration practices to examine new countryside destinations for farmers in China. This study established a conceptual framework to explain the diverse migration destination options based on three aspects: human capital, economic characteristics, and social characteristics. Based on survey data from farming households in a traditional agriculture area in Xinxiang, a multiple logit model was used to examine why new countryside destinations were adaptive first migration destinations. The results indicated that farmers were influenced by land capital and low initial household incomes. Specifically, many farmers were attracted to new countryside locations close to their original villages because of the need for cultivated land and farming, thus providing a logical first move in the rural–urban migration process. Poorer households were willing to first improve their living conditions in this way. This suggests that new countryside construction can help achieve rural revitalisation.
The importance and evolution of bleeding disorder registries
Authors: Tran Huyen , Yang Renchi , Fischer Kathelijn , Makris Michael , Konkle Barbara A.
Published: April 2024

Registries are excellent sources of data to address questions that are typically not evaluated in randomized clinical trials, including natural history, disease prevalence, treatment approaches and adverse events, and models of care. Global and regional registries can provide data to identify differences in outcomes and in haemophilia care between countries, economic settings, and regions, while facilitating research and data sharing. In this manuscript, we highlight five bleeding disorder registries: Country registries from Australia and China, Paediatric Network on Haemophilia Management (PedNet) data on children who have received emicizumab, data from the European Haemophilia Safety Surveillance (EUHASS) system, and data on women and girls with haemophilia from the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) registries. Data from these and other bleeding disorder registries have been and will continue to be used to advance patient care, understand treatment patterns and adverse reactions, and identify areas of increased need and focus.
Epidemiological assessment of hepatitis E virus infection among 1565 pregnant women in Siem Reap, Cambodia using an in‐house double antigen sandwich ELISA
Authors: Mirzaev Ulugbek Khudayberdievich , Ko Ko , E Bunthen , Phyo Zayar , Chhoung Chanroth , Ataa Akuffo Golda , Sugiyama Aya , Akita Tomoyuki , Takahashi Kazuaki , Tanaka Junko
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study investigated hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalence among pregnant women in Siem Reap, Cambodia, by developing a cost‐effective, user‐friendly in‐house enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting total anti‐HEV immunoglobulins (Ig).

Methods

The in‐house ELISA was designed for large‐scale screening in resource‐limited settings. Its performance was benchmarked against two commercial tests: the Anti‐HEV IgG EIA (Institute of Immunology, Co. Ltd) and the Anti‐HEV IgG RecomLine LIA (Mikrogen). The in‐house ELISA demonstrated a sensitivity of 76% and 71.4%, and a specificity of 94.1% and 98.6%, against the two commercial tests, respectively, with overall agreement rates of 92.4% and 94.3%.

Results

Among 1565 tested pregnant women, 11.6% were anti‐HEV positive. Prevalence increased with age, particularly in women aged 35–40 years and over 40 years. No significant associations were found with education, number of children, family size, or history of blood transfusion and surgery, except for the occupation of the family head as a public officer. Of the total anti‐HEV positive women, 22.7% had anti‐HEV IgM, indicating recent or ongoing infection.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the in‐house ELISA is a viable option for HEV screening in regions with limited resources due to its high accuracy and cost‐effectiveness. It is particularly suitable for large‐scale studies and public health interventions in areas where HEV is endemic and poses a significant risk to pregnant women.
The status and influencing factors of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Liu Sai , Shen Yuehan , Nie Manhua , Fang Chunhua , Dai Helong , Yao Ming , Zhou Xihong
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study describes the incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients and analyses the relationship between physiological factors, psychological factors, situational factors and fatigue in kidney transplant recipients.

Background

Fatigue, as a common symptom after kidney transplantation, is affected by many factors, but the influence of some factors on the fatigue of kidney transplant recipients is still controversial.

Design

This cross‐sectional study was designed based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.

Methods

Our survey involved 307 participants attending the kidney transplant outpatient clinic of a tertiary Class A hospital (Changsha, Hunan, China). Data were collected between February and April 2021 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc.)

Results

It was found that the incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was 53.1%. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, sleep quality, hypokalemia, anxiety, depression and education level were independent risk factors for fatigue in kidney transplant recipients.

Conclusion

The incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was high and was influenced by physical, psychological and situational factors. Clinical nurses should assess fatigue levels in a timely and multidimensional manner in clinical practice and provide effective and scientific guidance about fatigue self‐coping and symptom management for kidney transplant recipients.
Psychometric testing of the Thai version of Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 2
Authors: Kumanjan Wanna , Suwanno Jom , Koson Naruebeth , Bunsuk Chonchanok , Klinjun Nuntaporn , Srisomthrong Kannika , Phonphet Chennet , Mayurapak Chidchanog , Dansuwan Chutiporn , Suwanno Juk , Chramnanpho Punnaphat , Kamlungdee Umaporn , Arab Wichai , Ninla‐aesong Putrada , Hamilton Sadee Saithong , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: April 2024

Aim

To assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 2 (CC‐SC‐CII‐v2) among primary caregivers of individuals with any single or multiple chronic illnesses.

Background

The instrument encompasses three scales that evaluate Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care (CC‐SC) Maintenance, Monitoring and Management.

Methods

The English version CC‐SC‐CII‐v2 was translated and adapted for Thai context, and a cross‐sectional multicenter study involved 430 caregivers from 16 primary care centres in Thailand. Structural validity, internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were examined.

Results

The original two‐factor CC‐SC Maintenance scale required a re‐specified model for good fit, while the CC‐SC Monitoring and CC‐SC Management scales fit well. The simultaneous model of three scales demonstrated satisfactory fit. The CC‐SC Maintenance and CC‐SC Management scales both had a composite reliability index of 0.85, with omega coefficients of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. CC‐SC Monitoring had an alpha coefficient of 0.89. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.91, indicating good test–retest reliability.

Conclusion

The Thai CC‐SC‐CII‐v2 is a valid and reliable instrument that can provide clinicians and investigators with an evaluation of the contributions of caregivers to the self‐care of patients with chronic illnesses.
Service use and glycaemic control of young people with type 1 diabetes transitioning from paediatric to adult care: a 5‐year study
Authors: Perry Lin , Dunbabin Janet , Xu Xiaoyue , James Steven , Lowe Julia , Acharya Shamasunder , Steinbeck Katharine S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Regular contact with specialist care has been linked to better diabetes outcomes for young people with type 1 diabetes (YPwT1D), but evidence is limited to population‐based service usage and outcomes.

Aims

This observational 5‐year study sought to capture YPwT1D living in the study catchment area (covering metropolitan, regional and rural Australia) as they transitioned to adult‐based diabetes healthcare services and to describe their glycaemic control and complication rates, service usage and associated factors.

Methods

Records between 2010 and 2014 in a public healthcare specialist diabetes database were extracted, care processes and outcomes were described, and associations were sought between episodes of care (EOC) and potentially predictive variables.

Results

Annual cohort numbers increased yearly, but without significant differences in demographic characteristics. Each year around 40% had no reported planned specialist care, and the average number of planned EOC decreased significantly year on year. Overall, mean HbA1c levels also reduced significantly, but with higher values recorded for those living in non‐metropolitan than metropolitan areas (achieving significance in 3 out of 5 years). Diabetes complication assessments were only reported in 37–46%, indicating one in five with retinopathy and hypertension affecting one in three to five young people.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the importance of investment to address the specific needs of adolescents and young adults and demonstrate the need for better support during these vulnerable early years, particularly for non‐metropolitan residents. This will entail changes to funding mechanisms, the health workforce and infrastructure, and new models of care to provide equity of access and quality of specialist care.