bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behaviour of LiMn(2-x)ZnxO4 Cathode Materials
Authors: Azilah Abd Rahman , Roshidah Rusdi , Elong Kelimah , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: July 2012

Lithium manganese oxide, LiMn2O4, is said to be the most promising cathode material to replace the present day ones used in commercial Li-ion batteries. However, it suffers from capacity fading. One of the ways to improve this material is by substituting some of the Mn atoms with some other metal or transition metal element to stabilize the material. Spinel type lithium manganese zinc oxide, LiMn(2-x)Zn\xO4 (x= 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were prepared by sol-gel method. The compounds have a potential to improve pure LiMn2O4 performance. This method involves the mixing of acetates of metals and dissolved in absolute ethanol followed by the addition of tartaric acid. Tartaric acid acts as a gelling agent of the metal complexes and the compound was dried at low temperature to obtain the precursor of LiMn(2-x)ZnxO4. The synthesized product was annealed at a temperature of 850 oC for about 24 hour and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were done. Battery fabrications using the cathode materials were done using a non-aqueous electrolyte and Li metal as the anode. From charge-discharge studies, it was found that LiMn1.9Zn0.1O4 has better discharge capacity.
Mn as a Substituted Cation in LiCoO2 Cathode Materials
Authors: Azahidi Azira , Elong Kelimah , Badar Nurhanna , Mohd Mokhtar Nurul Atikah , Roshidah Rusdi , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: July 2012

LiCoO2is the commercial cathode material for Li-ion battery application with many advantages such as ease of preparation and good electrochemical properties. However, it has some limitations especially Co being expensive and toxic. Therefore, the substitution of Co in the LiCoO2by non-toxic and inexpensive transition metal elements will be an improvement. Partial substitution of Co by Mn has been done in this work via the self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. The materials are then characterized. The materials obtained were phase pure but the electrochemical discharge capacity is about 24 – 27 % less than that of LiCoO2. However, the cycling behaviour of LiCo0.9Mn0.1O2and LiCo0.8Mn0.2O2over 15 cycles improved over that of LiCoO2.
Reverse Micelle Liquid-Liquid Extraction of a Pharmaceutical Product
Authors: Mohd-Setapar Siti Hamidah , Mohamad-Aziz Siti Norazimah , Harun N.H. , Hussin S.H.
Published: July 2012

Reverse micelle extraction has received considerable attention in recent years due to its ability to selectively solubilise solutes from an aqueous phase, and in the case of biomolecules to maintain their biological activities. The apparent success of research on protein extraction from the aqueous phase using reverse micelle provides motivation to study the solubilisation of antibiotic. The objective of this study is to investigate the extraction of antibiotic (penicillin G is chosen as model antibiotic) from aqueous solution (forward extraction) and from the reverse micelle to a new aqueous solution (backward extraction). Sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) is chosen as the surfactant and isooctane as the organic solvent. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used to determine the mass of penicillin G in solution after the extraction process. The extraction is expected to be influenced by the initial penicillin G concentration, the salt type and concentration in the aqueous phase, pH, and surfactant concentration. It is expected that as penicillin is an interfacially active compound that will interacts with AOT surfactant, the interfacial association will be dependent on both pH and surfactant concentration.
Structural, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al Alloys Processed under CO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Jayalakshmi Subramanian , Guan Khoo Chee , Joshua Kuma , Gupta Manoj
Published: July 2012

Magnesium alloys are the lightest structural materials known that are increasingly replacing steel and aluminium. However, due to its flammable nature, protective atmospheres are employed during Mg-alloy production. In this novel work, Mg-Al alloys with ~3 and ~5 wt.% Al were processed in CO2atmosphere, so as to utilize the CO2during the melting process. The cast Mg-Al alloys were extruded and studied for their structural, physical and mechanical properties. Results showed improvements in mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and compressive yield strength. The improvement in properties was attributed to thein situformation of Al4C3arising due to molten metal-carbon interaction. It is noteworthy that the incorporation of CO2during processing did not adversely affect the mechanical properties of the alloys. Further, the process is eco-friendly as it not only utilized CO2, but also eliminates use of harmful cover gases.
Investigation of Ionic Conduction and Morphological Properties of PMMA-Based Polymer Electrolytes Containing Lithium Iodide
Authors: Zulkepely Nurul Rozullyah , Majid Siti Rohana , Osman Zurina
Published: July 2012

In this study, the two systems of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based polymer electrolyte films have been prepared by the solution casting technique. Lithium iodide (LiI) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were used as inorganic salt and plasticizer, respectively. The highest room temperature conductivity for the plasticized system and unplasticized system is 4.42 x 10-5Scm-1and 4.37 x 10-6Scm-1, respectively. The conductivity-temperature dependence studies have been performed on these films in the temperature range of 303 K to 373 K. It can be observed that the logσversus 1000/T plots obey the Arrhenius rule and VTF rule for the plasticized film and unplasticized film, respectively [1-3]. The surface morphology of the plasticized and unplasticized films was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Electrical and Magnetic Studies of (La0.5-xPrxBa0.5)(Mn0.5Ti0.5)O3 as Multiferroic Material
Authors: Alias Nor Hayati , Shaari Abdul Halim , Wan Yusoff Wan Mohamad Daud , Mahmood Che Seman
Published: July 2012

A new perovskite based titano-manganite (La0.5-xPrxBa0.5)(Mn0.5Ti0.5)O3 at x concentration 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 has been successfully prepared by ceramic solid-state technique at sintering temperature of 1300 °C. Dielectric electrical properties of the synthesized materials at frequency ranging from 5 Hz to 1 MHz and magnetic properties have been studied at room temperature. Analyses have been carried out to determine the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of the synthesized material as a candidate of multiferroic material.
Nanostructured A2(RE,B)O6 (A = Ba, Sr; RE = Rare-Earth; B = Sb, Zr) Perovskite Ceramics and their Potential Applications in Microwave and Superconducting Electronics
Authors: Wariar P.R.S. , Kumar V.R. , Nair V.M. , Yusoff M.M. , Jose R. , Koshy J.
Published: July 2012

A group of perovskites with general formula A2(RE,B)O6(A=Ba, Sr; RE=Rare-Earth; B=Sb, Zr) were synthesized as nanocrystals owing to the enhanced specific surface area that nanomaterials posses. These perovskites are characterized by varied crystal structure depends on the relative sizes of the cations occupying the A and B sites of the perovskite lattice. The new materials were either insulators or semiconductors. They possess moderate dielectric constant (~30) and relatively low dielectric loss (10-4); and therefore, they could be used as substrates in microwave circuits. Some of them falls to the semiconducting range with band gap ~3.3 eV; and therefore, could be used as transparent wide band gap semiconductors. Furthermore, the new perovskites were found to be chemically stable with two mostly considered high temperature ceramic superconductors for practical applications, viz. YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) and (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox(BSCCO).
Studies of ENR-50 and LiN(SO2CF3)2 Electrolyte System
Authors: Zainal Norazlin , Idris Razali , Nor Sabirin Mohamed
Published: July 2012

In this work, electrolyte films based on epoxidized natural rubber-50 (ENR-50) and lithium imide (LiN(SO2CF3)2) salt were prepared using solution casting method. X-ray diffraction pattern for undoped ENR-50 shows a broad peak which indicated amorphous nature of the film. The intensity of ENR-50 peak decreases with increase in salt concentration. Thermal property study was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine glass transition temperature, Tg. The DSC result displays an increasing trend of Tg with increase in salt concentration and opposite to the trend of variation of conductivity with salt concentration. This indicates that the increase in Tg dose not give adverse effect on ionic conductivity. The increase in Tg with concentration of salt may be due to formation of transient cross-linking between ENR-50 chains via the coordinated interaction between ENR-50 chains and LiN(SO2CF3)2. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity obtained is in the order of 10-5 S cm-1 for the film containing 50 wt.% of LiN(SO2CF3)2. The ionic conductivity of this electrolyte system increases with increase in temperature and obeys the Vogel-Tammam-Fulcher (VTF) relation in the temperature range of 303–373 K. The increase in ionic conductivity of the electrolyte system could be correlated to increase in number of charge carriers and the migration rate of charge carriers.
Ionic Conductivity of PVC-NH4I-EC Proton Conducting Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Deraman Siti Khatijah , Subban Ri Hanum Yahaya , Nor Sabirin Mohamed
Published: July 2012

Poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC)-NH4I-EC films have been prepared by solution cast technique. The sample containing 30 wt. % NH4I exhibited highest room temperature conductivity of 4.60 × 10-7S cm-1. The conductivity increased to 1.08 × 10-6Scm-1when 15 wt. % of ethylene carbonate (EC) was added to 70 wt. % PVC - 30 wt. % NH4I. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed evidence of polymer–salt complexation while DSC showed increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC -NH4I - EC polymer electrolytes. The conductivity behavior of the studied system could be accounted by the changes in Tgvalues.
Optical Properties of Si Quantum Dot Potential under Pressure Effect
Authors: Al-Douri Y.
Published: July 2012

Further study of the quantum dot potential under hydrostatic pressure for Si is presented. This potential has been calculated by means of our recent empirical model. The indirect energy gap (Γ-X) is calculated using the full potential-linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The Engel-Vosko generalized gradient approximation (EV-GGA) formalism is used to optimize the corresponding potential for energetic transition and optical properties calculations of Si. The refractive index and transverse effective charge are predicted under pressure effect. The pressure effect is used to test the validity of our model. The results are compared with others and showed reasonable agreement.
Physical Performance of Bamboo Strips-Oil Palm Trunk Veneers Composite Lumber at Different Layer Orientations and Hot Pressing Times
Authors: Wan Jaafar Wan Nor Raihan , Bahari Shahril Anuar
Published: July 2012

In this study, composite lumber from a combination of bamboo strips and oil palm trunk veneers was produced and physically tested. The bamboo strips and oil palm trunk veneers were laid-up together alternately with two different types of layer orientation, such as parallel and cross orientations to each other. The composite lumber was pressed using hydraulic hot pressing machine at two different pressing times, such as 12 and 15 minutes. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was used in the lamination process. Physical performance tests such as cold water delamination (CWD), hot water delamination (HWD), flexural and compression were conducted based on Japanese Agricultural Standard for LVL JAS: SE-10 [1]. Results showed that longer pressing time has increased the physical performance, except for flexural and compression performance of parallel orientation composite lumber. Cross orientation has increased the bonding strength behaviour between bamboo strips and oil palm trunk veneers, thus influenced the low delamination percentage and good modulus of elasticity value of composite lumber. Generally, this study has increased the understanding on physical performance of bamboo strips-oil palm trunk veneers composite lumber at different layer orientations and hot pressing times.
Water Absorption and Modification of Kenaf and Flax Fibres
Authors: Kassim Masitah Abu , Crosky A. , Ruys David
Published: July 2012

The experimental work for this project involved several strands; to study the water absorption characteristic of kenaf and flax in composites, to investigate the influence of fibre types on water absorption, and finally to investigate the influence of chemical treatment on water absorption. Hydrophilic character of natural fibres is responsible for the water absorption in the composites. Water absorption of kenaf and flax reinforced polyester composites was occurred via fibres lumen. Mechanical properties are affected by water absorption. After water absorption test, the specimens present poor mechanical properties such as lower value of flexural strength and flexural modulus. The matrix structure was also affected by water absorption by processes such as chain orientation and shrinkage. It was found that the different fibre types had influenced the different percentage of water absorption in composite. It seems that the compatibilization between fibres and matrix has influenced the water absorption of fibres. Acetylation of kenaf and flax fibres has reduced the hygroscopic nature of natural fibres and increased the dimensional stability of composites. The flexural strength properties of acetylated fibres were higher than untreated fibres composites.
Bio-Inspired Advanced Materials for Reducing Friction & Wear in MEMS Devices
Authors: Singh Ramachandra Arvind , Satyanarayana Nalam , Sinha Sujeet Kumar
Published: July 2012

Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) are miniaturized devices built at micro/nano-scales. At these scales, friction force is extremely strong as it resists the smooth operation and reduces the useful operating lifetimes of MEMS actuator devices. In order to reduce friction and wear in MEMS devices, we have undertaken a bio-inspired approach by applying the underlying principle of the “Lotus Effect”. Lotus leaf surfaces have small-scale protuberances and wax covered on them, which make the surfaces water-repellent in nature. By creating textured surfaces that mimic these bio-surfaces, surface energy and contact area can be reduced. This in turn reduces friction force and eventually increases the wear durability of surfaces. In our work, we have fabricated bio-inspired surfaces that resemble the texture on lotus leaf. The method includes oxygen plasma treatment of polymeric thin/thick films and application of a nanolubricant namely, perfluoropolyether (PFPE). When this method was applied to SU8 polymer thin/thick films spin coated on silicon wafers, friction reduced considerably, and simultaneously the wear durability increased by >1000 times. The method is time and cost effective, and is commercially viable.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Method on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Substrate
Authors: Mohammed Ali Mohammed Khalil , Ibrahim K. , Pakhuruddin M.Z. , Faraj M.G.
Published: July 2012

This work describe the optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films prepared by thermal evaporation method on flexible plastic substrate (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)). The optical transmission and absorption of ITO films in the visible and UV rang have been studied. The resistivity, sheet resistant, carrier concentration and mobility have been evaluated by Hall Effect measurement. The surface morphology and roughness were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the optical transmission greater than 85% over the visible rang and it was found to be strongly dependent on the thickness of ITO films. The Resistivity and sheet resistant with low values (10-4Ω-cm, 9.22 Ω/ respectively) were obtained and ties values were increased with ITO thin films thickness increasing .AFM investigation showed that the roughness surface of (8 – 30) RMS have been obtained over different thickness of ITO films. The obtained results of the deposited films by this method were analyzed. Details of sample preparation, experimental methods and results are given and discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe2O3 Prepared Via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Noor Azreen Abdul Rahman , Nur Amalina Mustaffa , Aziz Nor Diyana Abdul , Badar Nurhanna , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: July 2012

Fe2O3 was synthesized via a sol-gel method. Pure, single phase materials were obtained at 300 °C and 800 °C heated for 24 hours. The conductivies of the materials were investigated using a.c. impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the material annealed at a lower temperature gives better conductivity value of about two orders of magnitude higher.
Combustion Synthesis of Ni/Al Base Composites
Authors: Zhu X. , Zhang T. , Marchant D. , Morris V.
Published: July 2012

This paper presents a new ignition technique to synthesize NiAl based composites using high frequency induction heating to ignite the combustion reaction. A high resolution thermal imaging camera and two infrared thermometers were used to monitor the complete temperature profiles during synthesis. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to predict the combustion temperature and the effect of preheating temperatures. The results show that the combustion reaction for Ni/Al based composites can be ignited using a high frequency induction heater. High density, multi layer TiC-NiAl composites can be produced using this method, but to ignite the combustion reaction by induction heating for the Ni/Al+Ti/C system, there is a limit for the content of Ti/C, above which the ignition will not start. Ultra fine TiC was synthesized using this technique.
Nano Natural Dyes from Melastoma Malabathricum L.
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Yunus , Mohd Nor M.A. , Saim N. , Ab Kadir M.I. , Ahmad M.R.
Published: July 2012

In this study, natural colours were produced from Melastoma Malabathricum L.’s (Senduduk) plant. The dyes were extracted from the petal part of the plant using solvent extraction method of acidified methanol and methanol. The natural colours were then converted into powder form of nano size scale using a ball mill grinder. Silk fabrics were used as the substrate and dyed using several natural and synthetic mordant. The use of different solvents for extraction and mordant for dyeing resulted in different colour shades on the silk fabrics. The color fastness to washing tests revealed colour fastness to washing ranging from 3 – 4/5 and the change in color ranging from 3/4 – 4/5. The findings will benefit and promote the dyeing and printing industry such as batik manufacturers and local fashion industry in using natural dyes. On the other hand, dyes from plants can also be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes for dyeing natural silk fibers.
Observer-Based H∞ Control of T-S Fuzzy Model
Authors: Qi Li , Shi Hai Bin
Published: July 2012

An observer-based H∞ control condition is proposed for T-S fuzzy model. The observer and controller are capable of disturbance-rejection. The fuzzy version of bounded real lemma (BRL) is adopted. Output H∞ controller and observer are designed by solving a set of bilinear matrix inequalities. The condition is shown to be less conservative than some existed results.
The Application of a New PCA Algorithm on Fault Recognition for Oilfield's Sensor Equipment
Authors: Wang Tong , Lin Xue , Liu Chun Fang
Published: July 2012

According to the characteristics of the production measures process in oilfield , the algorithm based on iterative multi-PCA is presented. Building multi-PCA models based on diffident working conditions. The sensor data will be classified automatic through the weight to find the appropriate model for fault recognition. And adopting iterative algorithm to update the models for realizing on-line process monitoring. The simulation experiment shows that the method is effectiveness on fault diagnosis for oilfield's sensor equipment.
Fast Algorithm for Estimating Control Horizon of Input Constrained Linear Quadratic Regulation
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Sun Yong
Published: July 2012

A fast algorithm for estimating the control horizon of the input constrained linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem is presented. It is known that there exists a finite horizon such that the infinite horizon constrained LQR problem can be solved as a finite horizon constrained LQR problem. An efficient algorithm to estimate the upper bound of the horizon is presented based on the linear programming. It only needs to solve a linear programming problem for on line application. Finally, the comparison among some methods is shown by an example. The proposed algorithm has less conservative than those of other algorithms.
A Fuzzy Logic Method of Traffic State Recognition on Urban Traffic Networks
Authors: Wang Jian Ling , Lai Hong Bo
Published: July 2012

The study object is traffic flow on main road of urban traffic networks, the traffic condition is recognized by traffic flow theory and fuzzy logic method. The average space speed is a variable of the fact flow function, the road congestion degree is described by the ratio of fact flow and traffic capacity; the ratio of congestion time length and total time length is the congestion frequency. Considering congestion degree and congestion frequency, a fuzzy logic method is used to describe the traffic state by three grades: free, congestion and serious congestion. At last, the numerical example is given to analyze traffic state.
Email Security and PGP Technical Analysis
Authors: Gu Chun Ying , Fang Rui Ying
Published: July 2012

Currently, Email is one of the most popular applications in people’s life. A secure email requires that the email system can provide encryption and digital signature, PGP is a popular email encryption and transmission method, the paper gives a brief overview of email security, details the PGP algorithm, function, encryption and decryption process and public/private key pair generation process, and analysis’s Security of PGP.
A Multi-Layer Security Architecture for Wireless Cognitive Sensor Networks in Smart Grids
Authors: Lang Wei Min , Zhu Yuan Cheng , Li Hu Sheng
Published: July 2012

Wireless sensor networks have been extensively deployed in the electric power systems for sensing, transmission and control, which provide more opportunities for wireless low power radios to operate. As the next generation electricity system, the smart grid should possess the capability to transmit reliable and real-time information to the control centers of the utilities. In order to solve the issues such as heterogeneous coexistence, spectrum scarcity, tremendous data processing and Security guarantees, revolutionary communication architecture is urgently demanded. In this paper, after analyzing the hierarchical structure of smart grid and illustrating the principle of WCSN in smart grids, we propose the security architecture of wireless sensor networks based on cognitive radio for smart grids, which can be used as a reference to design and develop the Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network (WCSN) security schemes in the electric power systems.
The Using Condition Analysis of the Campus Network and Strategy Research
Authors: Fang Xu
Published: July 2012

The condition of the campus network using and supporting system of the university of our country are investigated in the paper through questionnaire survey way. The problem existed is analyzed and some advice is put forward.
Research of Flexible Repeater Technique in Satellite Communications
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhang Geng Xin , Sun Wei , Wang Ke Qing
Published: July 2012

This paper introduces the background and basic theory of flexible repeater technology, then analyses the basic working process and principle of flexible repeater on Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS), and summarizes the key technologies during implementation. Meantime, for solving the large capacity and multi-beam connection problems in mobile satellite communication system, the flexible repeater provides the necessary basis theoretical and technical support. Finally, by comparing the tradition repeaters with flexible repeater, this paper points out the flexible repeater possesses the virtue of high power efficiency and high flexibility, and could realize flexible switching of the satellite signals and resources.
A Tracking and Location Detection System Using ZigBee Wireless Network
Authors: Shi Jiong , Song Hong Dao , Fang Zhao Xi
Published: July 2012

With the development of wireless networks and embedded systems, it is increasingly popular to make use of these technologies to tracking and location detection applications. ZigBee is a low power, low cost, low data rate and low complexity wireless technology for personal-area and device-to-device networking. In this paper, a practical ZigBee based tracking and positioning system for objects and personnel is proposed. Besides, the system architecture, system components as well as their functionalities are presented. Furthermore, the commercial application results have shown that the proposed system is suitable for tracking and location detection.
Network-Coding-Based Broadcasting Retransmission Approach in Satellite Communications
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Geng Xin , Gou Liang
Published: July 2012

In satellite communications, it is often necessary to broadcast large data to terrestrial users. Because the satellite channel is a typical fading channel, packets can’t be correctly received. Therefore, retransmission is necessary. This paper proposes a network-coding-based broadcasting retransmission approach, whose key idea is to combine different lost packets with network coding to achieve minimum number of retransmission. Simulation results indicate that compared with existing approaches, network-coding-based broadcasting retransmission approach can effectively reduce average number of transmissions.
Research on Character Segmentation Method in Image Text Recognition
Authors: Li Lian Huan
Published: July 2012

Character Segmentation is the key step for image text recognition. This paper presents a text tilt correction algorithm using tracked characteristics rectangle contour to extract angle, using line scan method based on the number of transitions to determine the character on the bottom. In order to meet the requirements of real-time and reliability, takes improved secondary single-character segmentation algorithm based on vertical projection method.
New Transform Based on Solution of Singular Value for Electronic Seal
Authors: Lin Jie Feng , Chen Wen Lue , Hu Zhi Hua , Shun Jian Kun
Published: July 2012

According to the current e-government development, analysis of the characteristics of digital watermarking technology, a digital watermarking-based solutions for electronic seals to increase the security of electronic data.
A Novel Rough Set-Based Method of Combined Attributes Analysis
Authors: Li Ye , Lu Bing
Published: July 2012

Aiming at improving the disvantage of single attribute analysis in rough set, the problem of combined attributes analysis is researched in this paper. The single attribute ayalysis only consider the effect of the factor itself on the decison-making but neglect the interaction between multy-attributes influencing the results of the decision-making. So a new combined attributes weighting is presented in this paper.On this basis,a novel analysis method of combined attributes in rough set is proposed. The experiment and theory analysis shows that the new approch is feasible. In addition,it can mine the latent effect on decision making of combined attribute and make up for the shortage brought by single attribute analysis .
Low Complexity GF(2m) Multiplier Based on Iterative Karatsuba Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yu Long , Shou Guo Chu , Hu Yi Hong , Guo Zhi Gang
Published: July 2012

The complexity is one important index for Galois Field multiplier. This paper presents one low complexity GF(2m) multiplier based on iterative Karatsuba algorithm. The multiplication is replaced iteratively by three ones of half-length operands which are performed in parallel. The operands are divided into different width such as 64-bit, 32-bit, 16-bit and so on. For the 2m*2mmultiplier, we take 128 bit-widthGF(2128) multipliers as an example. We implement them on FPGA and count the number of the used LUTs and the used registers. Through analyzing the statistic, we find that, when the width of the two multiplication operands is divided to 8 bit, the multiplier consumes the least resources. Compared with the FPGA implementation of the other previous multiplier, this optimum multiplier can save 50% resources in LUTs and the registers.
The Extraction of Water Based on Texture Features Form Remote Sensing Information
Authors: Pang Kun , Xie Wen Bin , Ao Zhi Gang , Qiu Guo Qin , Huang Song
Published: July 2012

Take the SPOT remote sensing images for a district in June 2009 as study object, using the texture feature methods based on the wavelet transform to the extraction for image water information, the results show that: The introduction of the wavelet transform and the edge of the restrictions to the the split of waters , can effectively extract and classify different colors, types of water bodies .
Study on the Transmission Data Collection Technique of Network Applications
Authors: Liu Hai Yan , Yang Zhao Hong , Cai Hong Liu
Published: July 2012

In Large-scale network applications, transmission data collection is the basis for audit, analysis and evaluation of systems and users. Transmission data collection can be carried out either on the link line or on the host where the network application is running. Collecting at different locations, the types of data acquired are different, thus need different processing. This paper first analyzes the different transmission data collection methods, their advantages as well as disadvantages. Then analyzes the structure of those network applications that are basing on transmission dynamic linked library, promotes the intermediate DLL method. Finally through an example it shows how to define the intermediate DLL to collect transferred data on application layer without affecting the original system function.
Hardware Design of Coal Mine Safety Monitoring System Based on WSN
Authors: Han Shu Ren , Wang Jun , Liang Ling , Liu Xian Peng
Published: July 2012

In the safety production of coal mine, monitoring exact and real-time mine parameter is very important and key problem. The monitoring system of mine environment with wireless is designed, which is based on the structure of wireless sensor network (WSN).The system includes sensor node, Sink node and monitoring center. In the paper, the function structure and hardware design of sensor are introduced for the monitoring of temperature, humidity and gas concentration, and the function structure and hardware design of sink node is designed. The system has low power, rapid real-timing, stable running. Etc. This can satisfy with the requirement of WSN and suit the monitoring of bad environments. It will have wide application prospect.
Research on the Algorithm in Accurate Matching between Military Simulation Entity and Terrain
Authors: Yin Hong , Xie Wen Bin , Qiu Guo Qin , Liu Ya Ting , Huang Ying
Published: July 2012

Research on the new method of resolving terrain contour matching of terrain protracting algorithm based on RSG and TIN provides basic data structure. The concept of Area of Interesting (AOI) is introduced, the algorithm of estimation and detection is also proposed to calculate reference point; The method comprised centroid constrained and intervisibility estimation achieves terrain contour matching calculation avoiding those problems such as low-efficiency of point inquiry, embeddability of moving object and terrain and the change of target’s stance. Experimental results show that this algorithm could not only keep the existing display performance but also make the model matching more conformed to the principles of nature and improve the reality of virtual environment effectively.
Research on the ELAC Systems of A320 Family Aircrafts
Authors: Yin Kai , Yin Gang , Li Qin Zhen
Published: July 2012

This document introduces the basic principle of the ELAC System (Elevator Aileron Computer System) working of A320 aircrafts, and mainly, analyzes the driving circuit of the ELAC computer for the flight control surfaces. Furthermore, introduces a real fault on line maintenance, analyze it and find out the reason, give some useful advice on A320 aircraft line maintenance.
Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation on the Seagull Airfoil of the Small Wind Turbine
Authors: Qiao Li Min , Liu Xue Shan , Yang Yong Bo , Jia Yong Gang , Quan Xiao Lin
Published: July 2012

For the blades of the small wind turbine working under the conditions of Low-Reynolds, the air viscosity has relatively great influence on them. The design and calculation on thickness of airfoils were studied in order to raise its life and reduce weight. In the premise of strength, the lighter, the better. This paper studied the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil under the Low-Reynolds and analyzed fluid-structure interaction effect at Reynolds number 600,000 under three different attack angles. The numerical simulation approach addresses unsteady Reynolds-averaged N-S solutions and covers transition prediction for unsteady mean flows. The computational result and the analysis show that the fluid-structure interaction is an important issue to consider while designing the wind turbine blade. The results may provide technical reference for the further wind turbine design.
Static Analysis on Land Wheel of Vegetable Transplanter
Authors: Wang Jun Ling , Zhang Zu Li , Song Yu Qiu , Zhu Xin Xin , Zhang Wei Zheng
Published: July 2012

Land wheel is an important part of vegetable transplanting machine, its strength directly affects the whole performance. In this paper, Three-dimensional model of land wheel was built by Solidworks and imported into ANSYS by interface module between Solidworks and ANSYS. The load was applied with rotation angular velocity in this study, the stress, strain and displacement of the land wheel of a vegetable transplanter in operation were obtained through static analysis on the land wheel with finite element method analysis of software ANSYS, the maximum deformation and stress occurred at the rim and the studs on wheel, the results of static stress analysis will provide theoretical basis for design of vegetable transplanter. 5 order post-processing was conducted on the wheel, natural frequency and mode shapes was obtained after calculating and analyzing, Considerations should be taken in keeping the frequency of the wheel different from that of ambient vibration, which provides references for avoiding resonance during test wheel's running.
The Research of DHMM in Diagnosing Malfunction for the Closing down of Rotary Machine
Authors: Liu Wei Hua , Gao Yu Bin
Published: July 2012

This paper proposes the basic concept of dynamical pattern recognition and introduces the implementation theories based on probability statistics .Based on the theory of the Discrete Hidden Markov Models (DHMM), the scalar quantization method of vibration spectrum vector of rotary machine is proposed, and then the fault diagnosis method based on DHMM is designed. The experiment of run-up process of rotor machine is made to verify the effect of the new fault diagnosis method.
Propagation of Spurious Data for Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network in the Smart Grid: A Social Network Method
Authors: Lang Wei Min , Zhu Yuan Cheng , Li Hu Sheng
Published: July 2012

The nature of white space utilization, tremendous data processing, heterogeneous coexistence and security guarantees in Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network (WCSN) brings significant advantages over traditional Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) used in the smart grid. However, one of the main security threats to WCSN in the smart grid is the transmission of spurious data by malicious secondary users, which can induce the control center to make a wrong spectrum allocation and power dispatching decisions. In this paper, after analyzing the reference structure of smart grid and the feasibility of applying the epidemic theory into WCSN, we propose the UDG model of WCSN in the smart grid. Based on the epidemic theory in social network, we model and analyze the spurious data propagation process and identify key factors determining potential epidemic outbreaks in WCSN. In conclusion, we validate the feasibility of SIS model and perform investigations on the system dynamics.
Study on the Shift Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on the Driver’s Intention
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Guang Kui , Zhang Lin Tao
Published: July 2012

The paper made a comprehensive analysis on a variety of driving environment and driver’s intention for HEB, studied the typical driver manipulation features, proposed the identification method which integrated the driving environment and the operation of the driver and different shift strategy. For Beijing driving cycling as an example, using the integrated platform of AVL/Cruise and Matlab/Simulink to simulate the operation of HEV under different shift strategy in a number of traffic circulation condition, the results proved that the shift strategy based on the driver’s intention identification not only enable HEV to implement the intention of driver but also access to better fuel economy.
An Improved Arc Trigger for High Voltage High Current Hybrid Current Limiting Fuse
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhuang Jin Wu , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2012

With conventional high voltage current limiting fuse, the rated current is usually below 200 A. The rated current of the state of the art arc triggering hybrid current limiting fuse is only 600 A, with its interrupting capability being 25 kA, and still can’t meet the requirements of modern industrial application. With the arc triggering hybrid current limiting fuses, the major obstacle to higher rated current and interrupting capability lies in the long operation time of the arc trigger. Increasing the current density of arc trigger notches can effectively improve the operation speed of the trigger. Simulation and parameter optimization of the arc trigger are conducted by using ANSYS 11.0 to attain the optimal fuse element structure. In this study, the notch current density of the arc trigger was as high as 3300 A/mm2, and the trigger can be used in the hybrid current limiting fuse of rated 35 kV, 2 kA and 40 kA interrupting capability.
Combination Forecasting of Power Load Based on Polynomial Trend Extrapolation and ARIMA Model
Authors: Xia Jing Jing , Qi Huan , Wang Zi Qi
Published: July 2012

The power load forecasting is the core component of the early warning system for fuel storage margin in power system and an important guarantee to the early warning function to achieve. In this paper, one province's 2008 load data is chosen to forecast the electricity consumption in 2009. Firstly the two forecasting models of polynomial trend extrapolation and ARIMA are established, and then the combined model of them is used to forecast, that is, the final result is equal to the sum of the trend value by polynomial extrapolation and the non-trend D-value’s forecasting result by ARIMA. The results indicate that the combination forecasting make the forecast accuracy significantly improved and ensure the effective operation of the early warning system.
Influences of Capacitance Value Changing in Explosive Magnetic Frequency Generator
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Zhang Zhi Feng , Cao Xin Yu
Published: July 2012

Radio frequencies explosive magnetic flux compression generator, which use capacitors as the load, is a kind of maneuverable device for generating and radiating electromagnetic pulse. From the equivalent circuit principle analysis on explosive magnetic frequency generator, the influence of capacitance variation discipline on operation current and oscillation frequency is analyzed based on the further analysis of the influence and comparison of inductance variation discipline on time and frequency characteristic of operation current. Then the center frequency of operation current under the circumstance of adopting different capacitance value when dynamic inductance linear changing has been calculated by software programming.
A Survey on 3D Medical Image Visualization
Authors: Wang Shou Quan , Feng Wei , Guo Wei Bo
Published: July 2012

This paper puts forward a survey on the existing 3D medical image visualization methods. These methods are classified into two groups and typical algorithms in each group are described and analyzed. At last future research directions are discussed.
Research of Web Data Mining in Personalized Recommendation Service
Authors: Wang Ge , Liu Chan Juan , Pu Peng Bo
Published: July 2012

To offer personalized recommendation service to web users, it adopts improved FP-Growth algorithm, introduces its implementation methods and directly applies it to the recessive knowledge mining of web site information category in details. Via mining the website data and analysing association rules, useful relavant knowledge is obtained, tendancy of website visiting can be prediced and personalized service will be prescribed which make website more friendly and satisfactory.
Class-Dependent Gating Algorithm in Data Association
Authors: Yu Shu Yan , Quan Hong Wei
Published: July 2012

Most conventional tracking gate algorithms only use the targets’ kinematic measurement information, which is typically resulted in great uncertainties of measurement-to-track association for multi-target tracking in clutter. The problem of constructing tracking gates using targets' class information is considered. The proposed algorithm integrates targets' identity information into the traditional tracking gating techniques. First, a class-dependent gate corresponding to each class of targets is developed. Second, the algorithm for constructing the class-dependent gate is given. Simulations are carried out to examine the proposed algorithm, where the simulation scenario shows that the measurement-to-track association using the class-dependent gating algorithm is significantly better than traditional method.
Research on Data Mining and Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Gai Yu Lian
Published: July 2012

From information technology point of view, analyzed the theoretical and practical background of data mining processing massive amounts of data. Based on the definition and basic concepts of data mining, discussed and analyzed 5 aspects of its main task. Described the data mining process comprehensively. Integrating with the problems within the Apriori Algorithm, described the improvements to the Apriori algorithm. And, in the end, summarized the role of data mining technology in promoting the development of computer technology.
Ensemble Learning on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Classification
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Ling Wei , Wu Jia
Published: July 2012

The characteristics of hyperspectral data with large number of bands, each bands have correlation, which has required a very high demand of solving the problem. In this paper, we take the features of hyperspectral remote sensing data and classification algorithms as the background, applying the ensemble learning to image classification.The experiment based on Weka. I compared the classification accuracy of Bagging, Boosting and Stacking on the base classifiers J48 and BP. The results show that ensemble learning on hyperspectral data can achieve higher classification accuracy. So that it provide a new method for the classification of hyperspectral remote sensing image.
Flame Image Processing-Based Intelligent Networked Control System of Roller Kiln
Authors: Zhu Yong Hong , Wang Jian Hong
Published: July 2012

Flame image processing-based intelligent networked control system scheme of roller kiln is proposed in the paper. Flame image recognition method of simulating artificial-look-fire is proposed for the auxiliary detection of roller kiln burning zone conditions so as to improve the real-time detection accuracy of roller kiln burning zone and the control effect. The hardware and software platform of the system are also designed. The system proposed is mainly composed of six module such as key process detection module, flame process module, recognition model for burning zone, industrial control computer, network transmission module, and actuators. System software is mainly composed of five modules. In conclusion, the paper provides a kind of new method and new idea for research and design on flame image processing-based intelligent networked control system of roller kiln.
The Analysis and Review of Mobile Surveillance Video Based on AVS-S
Authors: Chen Wei Bing , Huang Fei Jang , Zhang Gang Lin , Zhang Zhu Xian
Published: July 2012

In order to realize digitizing and networking video surveillance, a kind of excellent technology of video compression is need. In this paper, the audio video coding standard based on AVS-S was systematically introduced, including its development history, target requirements, technical features and existing algorithms. All possible facing problems when AVS-S is applied in mobile video surveillance systems were analyzed. The corresponding solutions were also provided. Especially, how to use intelligent video technology to satisfy with even higher security-monitoring targets was discussed.
Elementary Discussion on Data Management of the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Feng Ying , Li Gui , Du Li Ming , Han Zi Yang
Published: July 2012

In recent years, extensive attention has been paid to Internet of Things. This paper introduces the development, the standards of data expression, exchange, process and fusion of Internet of Things. It analyses the functions and physical quipments of each of architecture layers and the characteristics of data management on support layer of Internet of Things. Finally, the primarily problems of data management are proposed and corresponding measures to process data problems are given.
Study on Topology Optimization for High Dynamic Flight Simulator Based on Hyperworks
Authors: Wang Huan Gong , Wang Li Ping , Guan Li Wen
Published: July 2012

In the mechanical design process for continuous overload high dynamic flight simulator, a large centrifugal force will be generated, if the arm is very heavy, the motor driving force and energy consumption will be high, so the design objective is minimization of the volume meeting the strength of selected material, this paper established the admissible design domain according to the initial model with the UG. The design variables are the volumetric densities of material in the admissible design domain for the structure. it's very small compared with centrifugal force for gravity, so the influence of gravity is negligible, with the Saint-Venant's principle to simplify constraints. Importing the model into hyperworks software, meshing with hypermesh module, Designing with topology optimization of optistruct module, got the best structure of a flight simulator's arm, and finally designed the actual structure of the arm based on the best structure. Conclusion: topology optimization of the arm flight simulator with hyperworks can reduce design cycle, and reduce weight, resulting in better dynamics.
Research on the Zero Drift of Sensor Based on Data Fusion Technology
Authors: Li Xiao Ming , Feng Zhi Shu , Cai Zhong Chun , Xie Bin , Liu Chang Jie
Published: July 2012

The zero drift of sensor and its solution are presented in this paper. The basic principle of data fusion with two-dimensional regression analysis is expounded and the experimental data of any pressure sensor are fused with the two-dimensional regression analysis. Besides, the input-output mathematical model of sensor under the influence of temperature is established. At last, the linear, fitting and fusion methods are compared.