bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Compact Actuated Compliant Elbow Joint
Authors: Kleinjan Johannes Gerard , Dunning Alje Geert , Herder Justus Laurens
Published: September 2014

Compactness is a valuable property in designs of assistive devices and exoskeletons. Current devices are large and stigmatizing in the eyes of the users. The cosmetic appearance will increase by reducing the size. The users want a device that is small enough to be worn underneath the clothes, so it becomes unnoticeable. The goals of this paper are (1) to provide an overview of the shape-changing-material-actuated large-deflection compliant rotational joints, (2) provide new introduced performance indicators that evaluate the designs on performance with respect to volume or weight and (3) design a compact active assistive elbow device as a case study. In order to reach these goals, two evolving fields of study are brought together that have great potential to reduce the size of exoskeletons: smart materials and compliant rotational joints. Smart materials have the ability to change their shape, which make them suitable as actuators. Compliant joints can be compact, since they are made out of one piece of material. An overview of shape-changing-material-actuated large-deflection compliant rotational joints is presented. Performance indicators are proposed to evaluate the existing designs and the prototype. As a case study a compact actuated rotational elbow joint is presented. An antagonistic actuator made from shape memory alloy wires is able to carry an external load and to actuate to move the arm to different positions. The compliant joint is optimized to balance the weight of the arm and to auto-align with the rotational axis of the human elbow joint. A prototype is able to generate a volume specific stall torque of 5.77 ⋅ 103 Nm/m3, produces a work density of 7.27 ⋅ 103 J/m3 based on volumes including isolation covers and the half-cycle efficiency of the device is 3.6%. The prototype is able to balance and actuate a torque of 1.1 Nm.
Formation of singularities in one-dimensional Chaplygin gas
Authors: Kong De-Xing , Wei Changhua , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2014

We investigate the formation and propagation of singularities for the system of one-dimensional Chaplygin gas. Under suitable assumptions we construct a physically meaningful solution containing a new type of singularities called "delta-like" solution for this kind of quasilinear hyperbolic system with linearly degenerate characteristics. By a careful analysis, we study the behavior of the solution in a neighborhood of a blow-up point. The formation of this new kind of singularities is related to the envelop of different characteristic families, instead of characteristics of the same family in the standard situation. This shows that the blow-up phenomenon for systems with linearly degenerate characteristics is quite different from the problem of shock formation for the system with genuinely nonlinear characteristic fields. Different initial data can lead to different delta-like singularities: the delta-like singularity with point-shape and the delta-like singularity with line-shape.
Bifurcation on boundary data for linear broadwell model with conservative boundary condition
Authors: Deng Shijin , Wang Weike , Yu Shih-Hsien
Published: September 2014

We study a simple kinetic model with a conservative boundary condition which resembles the Maxwell diffuse boundary condition for the Boltzmann equation. We use a streamlined approach to construct the global pointwise structure of the full boundary data from the imposed boundary condition. Our estimates are strong enough to conclude the bifurcation in terms of the coefficients of the Broadwell model and the speed of the physical boundary.
Bleeding Ectopic Varices as the First Manifestation of Portal Hypertension
Authors: Sharma Brij , Raina Sujeet , Sharma Rajesh
Published: September 2014

Ectopic varices are defined as dilated portosystemic collateral veins in locations other than the gastroesophageal region. We present a case of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding as the first manifestation of portal hypertension. We diagnosed ectopic duodenal varices without gastroesophageal varices on upper GI endoscopy and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) on CT angiography and managed this case.
Detection and Estimation of alpha-Amyrin, beta-Sitosterol, Lupeol, and n-Triacontane in Two Medicinal Plants by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
Authors: Mallick Saikat S. , Dighe Vidya V.
Published: September 2014

A normal phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of four components, namely, alpha-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, lupeol, and n-triacontane from two medicinally important plants, Leptadenia reticulata Wight & Arn. and Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) CB. Clarke. In Ayurveda, both plants have been reported to possess immunomodulatory activity. Chromatographic separation of the four components from the methanolic extracts of whole plant powders of Leptadenia reticulata Wight & Arn. and Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) CB. Clarke. was performed on TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 using a suitable mobile phase. The densitometric scanning was done after derivatization at λ = 580 nm for α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, and lupeol, and at 366 nm for n-triacontane. The developed HPTLC method has been validated and used for simultaneous quantitation of the four components from the methanolic extracts of whole plant powders of Leptadenia reticulata Wight & Arn. and Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) CB. Clarke. The developed HPTLC method is simple, rapid, and precise and can be used for routine quality control.
Metal/Semiconductor and Transparent Conductor/Semiconductor Heterojunctions in High Efficient Photoelectric Devices: Progress and Features
Authors: Kumar M. Melvin David , Yun Ju-Hyung , Kim Joondong
Published: September 2014

Metal/semiconductor and transparent conductive oxide (TCO)/semiconductor heterojunctions have emerged as an effective modality in the fabrication of photoelectric devices. This review is following a recent shift toward the engineering of TCO layers and structured Si substrates, incorporating metal nanoparticles for the development of next-generation photoelectric devices. Beneficial progress which helps to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost, has been sequenced based on efficient technologies involved in making novel substrates, TCO layers, and electrodes. The electrical and optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films can be enhanced by structuring the surface of TCO layers. The TCO layers embedded with Ag nanoparticles are used to enhance the plasmonic light trapping effect in order to increase the energy harvesting nature of photoelectric devices. Si nanopillar structures which are fabricated by photolithography-free technique are used to increase light-active surface region. The importance of the structure and area of front electrodes and the effect of temperature at the junction are the value added discussions in this review.
Utility Potential ofParthenium hysterophorusfor Its Strategic Management
Authors: Saini Anita , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Sharma Anuja , Kaur Manpreet , Yadav Anita
Published: September 2014

Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the world’s most dangerous weeds, is responsible for huge losses to the biodiversity, agriculture, economy, and health of livestock and human beings. High competitive success rate and adaptability of the species enable it to dominate diverse types of habitats. Various weed control strategies are being used globally to reduce its population to manageable levels. But owing to many limitations associated with the conventional methods, management ofPartheniumstill remains a challenge. Recently large scale utilization has been taken up as a holistic approach for the control of weeds.Parthenium hysterophoruscan be managed by exploiting this weed in diverse fields. In agriculture, it can be used either as green manure or after composting. Industrially it can be used for producing various value added products. The weed also exhibits many environmental applications. Chemical constituents ofPartheniumshow extensive range of pharmacological activities suggesting its role as a chemotherapeutic agent. This review briefly discusses the problem ofPartheniumand enlists its possible utilities which can open new avenues for effective management of this violent weed.
Do Building Information Modelling Applications Benefit Design Teams in Achieving BREEAM Accreditation?
Authors: Harding Josh , Suresh Subashini , Renukappa Suresh , Mushatat Sabah
Published: September 2014

Using building information modelling (BIM) within a design team allows for integration of sustainability analysis such as daylighting analysis, water harvesting, and thermal assessment whilst capturing the data which can be used for BREEAM assessment. Therefore, the availability of data compared to traditional methods can be used to design teams, stakeholders, and environmental assessment bodies’ advantage. Since BIM boasts extensive building performance analysis capabilities, design teams should be provided with standard methodologies and guidance into successfully achieving certain BREEAM criteria. This paper highlights gaps in the existing theory to develop a solid understanding for further research in order to achieve BIM integrated BREEAM design team protocol. Further to this and running parallel to the protocol and guidance, an internal conceptual framework existing within BIM software could be instigated from future research. This will require detailed and innovative solutions to link the credits with the software both from an IT and from a software coding perspective; also, there is great merit into analysing design teams’ cultural and behavioural factors towards sustainable design through the BIM model.
A Model for Analyzing Temperature Profiles in Pipe Walls and Fluids Using Mathematical Experimentation
Authors: Emetere Moses E.
Published: September 2014

Temperature profiling in both fluid and pipe walls had not been explained theoretically. The equations of energy balance and heat conductivity were queried by introducing known parameters to solveheat transfer using virtual mathematical experimentation. This was achieved by remodelingPoiseuille's equation. Distribution of temperature profiles between pipe wall, fluid flow, and surrounding air was investigated and validated upon comparison with experimental results. A new dimensionless parameter (unified number ( U)) was introduced with the aim of solving known errors of the Reynolds and Nusselts number.
The “CROMa” Project: A Care Pathway for Clinical Management of Patients with Bisphosphonate Exposure
Authors: Capocci Mauro , Romeo Umberto , Cocco Fabio , Bignozzi Isabella , Annibali Susanna , Ottolenghi Livia
Published: September 2014

Aim.To describe 7 years of activity of “CROMa” (Coordination of Research on Osteonecrosis of the Jaws) project of “Sapienza” University of Rome.Materials and Methods.A preventive and therapeutic care pathway was created for patients with bisphosphonates (BPs) exposure. Demographic, social, behavioural, pharmacological, and clinical variables were registered in a dedicated database.Results.In the project, 502 patients, 403 females and 99 males, were observed. Bone pathologies were 79% osteometabolic diseases (OMD) and 21% metastatic cancer (CA). Females were 90% in OMD group and 41% in CA. BP administration was 54% oral, 31% IV, and 11% IM; 89% of BPs were amino-BP and 11% non-amino-BP. Consistently with bone pathology (OMD/CA), alendronate appears to be prevalent for OMD (40% relative), while zoledronate was indicated in 92% of CA patients. Out of 502 cases collected, 28 BRONJ were detected: 17 of them were related to IV BP treatment. Preventive oral assessment was required for 50% of CA patients and by 4% of OMD patients.Conclusions.The proposed care pathway protocols for BP exposed patients appeared to be useful to meet treatment and preventive needs, in both oncological and osteometabolic diseases patients. Patients’ and physicians’ prevention awareness can be the starting point of a multilevel prevention system.
Role of Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors in the Immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Nyati Kishan Kumar , Prasad Kashi Nath
Published: September 2014

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, mostly triggered by an aberrant immune response to an infectious pathogen. Although several infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of GBS, not all such infected individuals develop this disease. Moreover, infection with a single agent might also lead to different subtypes of GBS emphasizing the role of host factors in the development of GBS. The host factors regulate a broad range of inflammatory processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including GBS. Evidences suggest that systemically and locally released cytokines and their involvement in immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage of peripheral nerves are important in the pathogenesis of GBS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) link innate and adaptive immunity through transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines. TLR genes may increase susceptibility to microbial infections; an attenuated immune response towards antigen and downregulation of cytokines occurs due to mutation in the gene. Herein, we discuss the crucial role of host factors such as cytokines and TLRs that activate the immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Emerging Preservation Techniques for Controlling Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms in Fruit Juices
Authors: Aneja Kamal Rai , Dhiman Romika , Aggarwal Neeraj Kumar , Aneja Ashish
Published: September 2014

Fruit juices are important commodities in the global market providing vast possibilities for new value added products to meet consumer demand for convenience, nutrition, and health. Fruit juices are spoiled primarily due to proliferation of acid tolerant and osmophilic microflora. There is also risk of food borne microbial infections which is associated with the consumption of fruit juices. In order to reduce the incidence of outbreaks, fruit juices are preserved by various techniques. Thermal pasteurization is used commercially by fruit juice industries for the preservation of fruit juices but results in losses of essential nutrients and changes in physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Nonthermal pasteurization methods such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field, and ultrasound and irradiations have also been employed in fruit juices to overcome the negative effects of thermal pasteurization. Some of these techniques have already been commercialized. Some are still in research or pilot scale. Apart from these emerging techniques, preservatives from natural sources have also shown considerable promise for use in some food products. In this review article, spoilage, pathogenic microflora, and food borne outbreaks associated with fruit juices of last two decades are given in one section. In other sections various prevention methods to control the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microflora to increase the shelf life of fruit juices are discussed.
MEN1 Syndrome and Hibernoma: An Uncommonly Recognised Association?
Authors: Hedayati Venus , Thway Khin , Thomas J. Meirion , Moskovic Eleanor
Published: September 2014

MEN1 syndrome is known to classically result in parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic islet cell tumours. However, the potential association of MEN1 syndrome with hibernoma, a benign tumour with differentiation towards brown fat, is far less well known, despite their genetic profile both being linked to deletion of theMEN1gene. Herein, we describe a case with its key radiological and pathological findings.
Factor VIII-Related Antigen Detects Phenotypic Change of Sinusoidal to Vascular Endothelium in Hepatic Fibrosis of Elderly Cadavers
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Sehgal Priya , Harris Cynthia K.
Published: September 2014

In advanced stages of hepatic fibrosis, the liver sinusoidal endothelium transforms to vascular endothelium with accompanying expression of factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg), a phenotypic marker of vascular endothelial cells. Liver fibrosis has been shown to be associated with aging and was found to be prevalent in elderly cadavers. Using immunohistochemistry, we studied FVIIIRAg expression in the livers of elderly cadavers with progressive stages of fibrosis. The vascular endothelium of portal tracts and central veins was stained for FVIIIRAg, providing an internal positive control. The incidence of FVIIIRAg expression was low in the sinusoids of livers that showed minimal fibrosis or perisinusoidal fibrosis but was increased in livers with advanced fibrosis (i.e., septa formation, bridging fibrosis, and cirrhosis). FVIIIRAg positive sinusoidal endothelial cells were distributed in loose aggregates in the periportal, periseptal, and midlobular parenchyma and were found less frequently in the centrilobular area. FVIIIRAg immune deposits appeared patchy and discontinuous along the sinusoidal lining, likely representing focalized transformation of sinusoidal to vascular endothelium. There was a discrete localization of FVIIIRAg immunoreactivity in the foci of severe parenchymal fibrosis.Conclusion.FVIIIRAg is a reliable marker for detecting the transformation of sinusoidal to vascular endothelium in advanced liver fibrosis in elderly cadavers.
Parallelized Seeded Region Growing Using CUDA
Authors: Park Seongjin , Lee Jeongjin , Lee Hyunna , Shin Juneseuk , Seo Jinwook , Lee Kyoung Ho , Shin Yeong-Gil , Kim Bohyoung
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a novel method for parallelizing the seeded region growing (SRG) algorithm using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technology, with intention to overcome the theoretical weakness of SRG algorithm of its computation time being directly proportional to the size of a segmented region. The segmentation performance of the proposed CUDA-based SRG is compared with SRG implementations on single-core CPUs, quad-core CPUs, and shader language programming, using synthetic datasets and 20 body CT scans. Based on the experimental results, the CUDA-based SRG outperforms the other three implementations, advocating that it can substantially assist the segmentation during massive CT screening tests.
Psoas Muscle Infiltration Masquerading Distant Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gharaibeh Kamel A. , Lopez-Ruiz Arnaldo , Yousuf Tauqeer
Published: September 2014

Malignant metastasis to the psoas muscle is rare. We report a case that clinically mimicked psoas abscess that was subsequently proven to be from metastatic disease secondary to adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. A 62-year-old male presented with a seven-month history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain and progressive dysphagia. CT scan of abdomen-pelvis revealed a right psoas infiltration not amenable to surgical drainage. Patient was treated with two courses of oral antibiotics without improvement. Repeated CT scan showed ill-defined low-density area with inflammatory changes involving the right psoas muscle. Using CT guidance, a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the right psoas was performed that reported metastatic undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Patient underwent upper endoscopy, which showed a duodenal mass that was biopsied which also reported poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In this case, unresponsiveness to medical therapy or lack of improvement in imaging studies warrants consideration of differential diagnosis such as malignancy. Iliopsoas metastases have shown to mimic psoas abscess on their clinical presentation and in imaging studies. To facilitate early diagnosis and improve prognosis, patients who embody strong risk factors and symptoms compatible with underlying malignancies who present with psoas imaging concerning for abscess should have further investigations.
Inferior Parietal Lobule Contributions to Visual Word Recognition
Authors: Sliwinska Magdalena W. , James Alyson , Devlin Joseph T.
Published: September 2014

This study investigated how the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) contributes to visual word recognition. We used repetitive TMS to temporarily disrupt neural information processing in two anatomical fields of the IPL, namely, the angular (ANG) and supramarginal (SMG) gyri, and observed the effects on reading tasks that focused attention on either the meaning or sounds of written words. Relative to no TMS, stimulation of the left ANG selectively slowed responses in the meaning, but not sound, task, whereas stimulation of the left SMG affected responses in the sound, but not meaning, task. These results demonstrate that ANG and SMG doubly dissociate in their contributions to visual word recognition. We suggest that this functional division of labor may be understood in terms of the distinct patterns of cortico-cortical connectivity resulting in separable functional circuits.
Asymmetric Connectivity between the Anterior Temporal Lobe and the Language Network
Authors: Hurley Robert S. , Bonakdarpour Borna , Wang Xue , Mesulam M.-Marsel
Published: September 2014

The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) sits at the confluence of auditory, visual, olfactory, transmodal, and limbic processing hierarchies. In keeping with this anatomical heterogeneity, the ATL has been implicated in numerous functional domains, including language, semantic memory, social cognition, and facial identification. One question that has attracted considerable discussion is whether the ATL contains a mosaic of differentially specialized areas or whether it provides a domain-independent amodal hub. In the current study, based on task-free fMRI in right-handed neurologically intact participants, we found that the left lateral ATL is interconnected with hubs of the temporosylvian language network, including the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus of the ipsilateral hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, with homotopic areas of the contralateral hemisphere. In contrast, the right lateral ATL had much weaker functional connectivity with these regions in either hemisphere. Together with evidence that has been gathered in lesion-mapping and event-related neuroimaging studies, this asymmetry of functional connectivity supports the inclusion of the left ATL within the language network, a relationship that had been overlooked by classic aphasiology. The asymmetric domain selectivity for language of the left ATL, together with the absence of such an affiliation in the right ATL, is inconsistent with a strict definition of domain-independent amodal functionality in this region of the brain.
Age-related Shift in Neural Complexity Related to Task Performance and Physical Activity
Authors: Heisz Jennifer J. , Gould Michelle , McIntosh Anthony R.
Published: September 2014

The human brain undergoes marked structural changes with age including cortical thinning and reduced connectivity because of the degradation of myelin. Although these changes can compromise cognitive function, the brain is able to functionally reorganize to compensate for some of this structural loss. However, there are interesting individual differences in outcome: When comparing individuals of similar age, those who engage in regular physical activity are less affected by the typical age-related decline in cognitive function. This study used multiscale entropy to reveal a shift in the way the brain processes information in older adults that is related to physical activity. Specifically, older adults who were more physically active engaged in more local neural information processing. Interestingly, this shift toward local information processing was also associated with improved executive function performance in older adults, suggesting that physical activity may help to improve aspects of cognitive function in older adults by biasing the neural system toward local information processing. In the face of age-related structural decline, the neural plasticity that is enhanced through physical activity may help older adults maintain cognitive health longer into their lifespan.
Temporal Dynamics of Attention during Encoding versus Maintenance of Working Memory: Complementary Views from Event-related Potentials and Alpha-band Oscillations
Authors: Myers Nicholas E. , Walther Lena , Wallis George , Stokes Mark G. , Nobre Anna C.
Published: September 2014

Working memory (WM) is strongly influenced by attention. In visual WM tasks, recall performance can be improved by an attention-guiding cue presented before encoding (precue) or during maintenance (retrocue). Although precues and retrocues recruit a similar frontoparietal control network, the two are likely to exhibit some processing differences, because precues invite anticipation of upcoming information whereas retrocues may guide prioritization, protection, and selection of information already in mind. Here we explored the behavioral and electrophysiological differences between precueing and retrocueing in a new visual WM task designed to permit a direct comparison between cueing conditions. We found marked differences in ERP profiles between the precue and retrocue conditions. In line with precues primarily generating an anticipatory shift of attention toward the location of an upcoming item, we found a robust lateralization in late cue-evoked potentials associated with target anticipation. Retrocues elicited a different pattern of ERPs that was compatible with an early selection mechanism, but not with stimulus anticipation. In contrast to the distinct ERP patterns, alpha-band (8–14 Hz) lateralization was indistinguishable between cue types (reflecting, in both conditions, the location of the cued item). We speculate that, whereas alpha-band lateralization after a precue is likely to enable anticipatory attention, lateralization after a retrocue may instead enable the controlled spatiotopic access to recently encoded visual information.
On the taxonomy of the tribe Pisachini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Nogodinidae) with the description of new taxa from China and Vietnam
Authors: MENG RUI , WANG MENGLIN , WANG YINGLUN
Published: September 2014

Goniopsarites gen. nov. is described from China in the tribe Pisachini with G. fronticonvexus sp. nov. as the type species. The genus Pisacha is revised, four new species P. yinggensis sp. nov., P. baculiformis sp. nov., P. falcata sp. nov., P. balteiformis sp. nov. are described, and P. encaustica (Jacobi, 1916) comb. nov. & stat. rev. is reestablished which has been treated as P. naga according to specimens from Taiwan. Identification keys to three genera of the tribe Pisachini and to all species of Pisacha are presented.
Notoatherix antiqua gen. et sp. nov., first fossil water snipe fly from the Late Jurassic of Australia (Diptera: Athericidae)
Authors: OBERPRIELER STEFANIE K. , YEATES DAVID K.
Published: September 2014

The first water snipe fly (Diptera: Tabanomorpha) fossil discovered in the Late Jurassic Talbragar Fish Bed in Australia is described and illustrated. Notoatherix antiqua gen. et sp. nov., described from a single wing specimen, is assigned to the family Athericidae based on the diagnostic feature of this family: the vein R2+3 ending very near to R1 (marginal cell closed). It is the first record of Athericidae from Australia and the oldest adult record of this family worldwide.
Regional Frequency Analysis at Ungauged Sites with the Generalized Additive Model
Authors: Chebana F. , Charron C. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Martel B.
Published: September 2014

The log-linear regression model is one of the most commonly used models to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged sites within the regional frequency analysis (RFA) framework. However, hydrological processes are naturally complex in several aspects including nonlinearity. The aim of the present paper is to take into account this nonlinearity by introducing the generalized additive model (GAM) in the estimation step of RFA. A neighborhood approach using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to delineate homogenous regions. GAMs possess a number of advantages such as flexibility in shapes of the relationships as well as the distribution of the output variable. The regional model is applied on a dataset of 151 hydrometrical stations located in the province of Québec, Canada. A stepwise procedure is employed to select the appropriate physiometeorological variables. A comparison is performed based on different elements (regional model, variable selection, and delineation). Results indicate that models using GAM outperform models using the log-linear regression as well as other methods applied to this dataset. In addition, GAM is flexible and allows for the inclusion and presentation of nonlinear effects of explanatory variables, in particular, basin area effect (scale). Another finding is the reduced effect of CCA delineation when combined with GAM.
A Polarimetric and Microphysical Investigation of the Northeast Blizzard of 8–9 February 2013
Authors: Griffin Erica M. , Schuur Terry J. , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Reeves Heather D. , Picca Joseph C.
Published: September 2014

On 8–9 February 2013, the northeastern United States experienced a historic winter weather event ranking among the top five worst blizzards in the region. Heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions occurred from northern New Jersey, inland to New York, and northward through Maine. Storm-total snow accumulations of 30–61 cm were common, with maximum accumulations up to 102 cm and snowfall rates exceeding 15 cm h−1. Dual-polarization radar measurements collected for this winter event provide valuable insights into storm microphysical processes. In this study, polarimetric data from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Upton, New York (KOKX), are investigated alongside thermodynamic analyses from the 13-km Rapid Refresh model and surface precipitation type observations from both Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) and the National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office in Upton, New York, for interpretation of polarimetric signatures. The storm exhibited unique polarimetric signatures, some of which have never before been documented for a winter system. Reflectivity values were unusually large, reaching magnitudes >50 dBZ in shallow regions of heavy wet snow near the surface. The 0°C transition line was exceptionally distinct in the polarimetric imagery, providing detail that was often unmatched by the numerical model output. Other features include differential attenuation of magnitudes typical of melting hail, depolarization streaks that provide evidence of electrification, nonuniform beamfilling, a “snow flare” signature, and localized downward excursions of the melting-layer bright band collocated with observed transitions in surface precipitation types. In agreement with previous studies, widespread elevated depositional growth layers, located at temperatures near the model-predicted −15°C isotherm, appear to be correlated with increased snowfall and large reflectivity factors ZH near the surface.
Teach like a novice
Authors: Eckert Jonathan
Published: September 2014

Classroom management is the greatest challenge for beginning teachers and continues to develop over their careers. Much can be learned from beginning teachers through reflection and the perspective that experience brings. Seven strategies can help improving classroom management: Maintain a growth mindset; try new ideas, reflect, then accept, reject, or modify; do not dismiss extrinsic motivation; give students a reason to pay attention; be demanding; build important relationships; and fill the classroom.
Alternative discipline can benefit learning
Authors: Mergler Mary Schmid , Vargas Karla M. , Caldwell Caroline
Published: September 2014

Schools across the country are changing how they discipline students by implementing research- and evidence-based disciplinary practices that have yielded positive results for schools and students. These disciplinary practices — known as Restorative Justice, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, and social and emotional learning — largely aim to keep students in the classroom and modify student behavior by equipping students with the knowledge and support systems to address the root causes of misbehavior.
ED LAW
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: September 2014

The law regarding transgender students has been trending toward more rights and freedoms for students to have access to the facilities and extracurricular activities that are consistent with their own gender identification. Principals, teachers, superintendents, school boards, and attorneys have a duty to embrace policies and practices that respect a student’s wishes, while factoring in pragmatic concerns of propriety and safety.
Indian Elections, 2014
Authors: Ranganathan Maya
Published: September 2014

The discourse in public space on media at the time of the 2014 Parliamentary elections to 543 seats in 28 states and 7 union territories with 814.5 million voters was characterized by two seemingly disparate but interconnected issues: first, that mainstream media was partisan and wavering in its loyalties to political parties; and secondly, an intense focus on the social media as the most effective means to reach the 23 million first-time voters in a nation with 16 per cent Internet penetration. This article explores the role of the mainstream media in the elections in the context of the shift in India’s economic policy which has led to the prioritization of commercial interests by media while relegating other considerations to the background. As a result of the overriding commercial agenda of mainstream media, it has pushed political actors, activists and voters alike onto the new media space. The employment of new media space during the 2014 Indian elections is, thus, to be read in the context of mainstream media’s role rather than in the context of new technologies’ potential to impact upon democratic politics. It must be noted that media’s disregard of other considerations, including ideology, however, cannot be construed as an argument that media were neutral.
Shaping Political Change
Authors: Kimseng Men
Published: September 2014

Cambodia’s national election on 28 July 2013 marked the role of social media in facilitating opposition electoral gain. Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) that has governed the country for more than 30 years and enjoyed a landslide victory in the last election saw it loosening its grip on power. The Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP), an opposition coalition led by Sam Rainsy and Kem Sokha won 55 out of 123 seats in the national assembly, which was a huge gain from the 29 seats they held before the election. The ruling CPP under Prime Minister Hun Sen lost 22 seats, down from 90 to 68 seats, but still retained a majority. This is the first time since 1993 for the CPP to lose that many seats given its tight control over all state apparatus like the military, police, judicial system and the media. CPP could potentially become a minor party if the trend continues. CNRP, which had restricted access to the mainstream media, turned to the social media to drive its campaign. If social media continues to grow at the current speed without government interference, Cambodian politics will soon undergo fundamental political change.
Q&A with Pradip Ninan Thomas
Authors: Honsberger Ashley
Published: September 2014

Pradip Ninan Thomas. (2012). Digital India: Understanding Information, Communication and Social Change. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. pp. 228. ISBN 9788132109044.
Social Media Impact on Malaysia’s 13th General Election
Authors: Gomez James
Published: September 2014

In the run up to Malaysia’s 13th general election, observers were curious to know if social media would be able to impact the electoral outcome. In the 2008 general election, it was widely accepted that alternative online content disseminated by blogs, party websites and alternative news portals determined the electoral outcome. The opposition then, for the first time, denied the ruling coalition a two-thirds majority in Parliament. By 2013 the role of social media received widespread attention because of its exponential growth in Malaysia since 2008, where there were 800,000 Facebook and 3,429 Twitter users to 2013 when the number increased to 13,220,000 for Facebook and 2,000,000 for Twitter users. This commentary examines the role of social media in Malaysia’s 2013 general election and assesses its impact on the electoral outcome.
Vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease: Changing the game, or more of the same?
Authors: Raine Tim
Published: September 2014

Two decades ago, the first reports of the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting tumour‐necrosis factor α heralded a revolution in treatment options for moderate to severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, patients with refractory disease or loss of treatment response are all too familiar to gastroenterologists. Preventing the infiltration of the gastrointestinal mucosa by circulating cells of the immune system using antibodies targeting the adhesion molecules involved represents an attractive new treatment option. Vedolizumab has recently received European and US regulatory approval for treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease on the basis of encouraging results from one of the largest phase III trial programmes ever conducted in the field of inflammatory bowel diseases and promising safety data. Are we now seeing another revolution in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, and how can this new drug best be used in clinical practice?
Are parents really attached to their adopted children?
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Imtiaz , Osman Amber , Abrar Fariha , Hasan Syed Akif
Published: September 2014

Background

Psychological studies found that adopted children suffer from lack of attachment relationships in life. It is important for new parents to understand the underlying concepts before they begin to comprehend behavior issues arising out of different turbulent situations in an adopted child’s life. Attachment theory facilitates in comprehending the frame of mind of these children, when they come from emotionally turbulent backgrounds and how some, if not all behavior issues can be attempted to be resolved to recognize children better and to create a nurturing relationship between adopted child and new parents.

Findings

Focus group method was deployed to collect the data via un-restricted non-probability sampling approach; data was quantified for evaluating the hypotheses via t-test of equality of means. Cross cultural findings suggested that parents-adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is revealed more in non-working parents, female parents, children of 11-14 years and female children across stated nations while, the ambivalent, avoidant and disorganized attachments are found more in practice if parents are working & male parents and if foster children are male at large & of 15-18 years.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the task of creating an enriched attachment relationship with an adopted child depends more on parents, normally non working parents and female parents while quality time and care is given somehow the other to young and female kids by either of the parents for establishing quality attachment. Quality time being bestowed to kids translates the category and intensity of parents- children associations.
TGFβ Signaling Promotes Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumorigenesis by Suppressing Apoptosis
Authors: Mansouri-Attia Nadéra , Tripurani Swamy K. , Gokul Nisha , Piard Hermann , Anderson Matthew L. , Eldin Karen , Pangas Stephanie A.
Published: September 2014

Molecular changes that give rise to granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are not well understood. Previously, we showed that deletion in granulosa cells of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-signaling transcription factors, Smad1 and Smad5, causes development of metastatic granulosa cell tumors that phenocopy the juvenile form of granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs) in humans. The TGFβ-SMAD2/3 pathway is active in JGCTs, but its role is unknown. We tested the in vivo contribution of TGFβ-SMAD signaling to JGCT development by genetically deleting the common Smad4 from Smad1/5 double knockout mice. Smad1/5/4 triple knockout mice were sterile and had significantly increased survival and delayed tumor development compared to those for the Smad1/5 double knockout mice. The few tumors that did develop were smaller, showed no evidence of metastasis, and had increased apoptosis. In the human JGCT cell line COV434, TGFβ1 increased viability by inhibiting apoptosis through a TGFβ type I receptor–dependent repression of caspase activity and inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. These data support a tumor-promoting function of TGFβ in JGCTs through its ability to repress apoptosis.
Augmented Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation for Two-Stage Stochastic Programs with Recourse
Authors: Ekin Tahir , Polson Nicholas G. , Soyer Refik
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we develop a simulation-based approach for two-stage stochastic programs with recourse. We construct an augmented probability model with stochastic shocks and decision variables. Simulating from the augmented probability model solves for the expected recourse function and the optimal first-stage decision. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, together with ergodic averaging, provide a framework to compute the optimal solution. We illustrate our methodology via the two-stage newsvendor problem with unimodal and bimodal continuous uncertainty. Finally, we present performance comparisons of our algorithm and the sample average approximation method.
Statistical Database Auditing Without Query Denial Threat
Authors: Lu Haibing , Vaidya Jaideep , Atluri Vijayalakshmi , Li Yingjiu
Published: September 2014

Statistical database auditing is the process of checking aggregate queries that are submitted in a continuous manner, to prevent inference disclosure. Compared to other data protection mechanisms, auditing has the features of flexibility and maximum information. Auditing is typically accomplished by examining responses to past queries to determine whether a new query can be answered. It has been recognized that query denials release information and can cause data disclosure. This paper proposes an auditing mechanism that is free of query denial threat and applicable to mixed types of aggregate queries, including sum, max, min, deviation, etc. The core ideas are (i) deriving the complete information leakage from each query denial and (ii) carrying the complete leaked information derived from past answered and denied queries to audit each new query. The information leakage deriving problem can be formulated as a set of parametric optimization programs, and the whole auditing process can be modeled as a series of convex optimization problems.
Column-Generation Framework of Nonlinear Similarity Model for Reconstructing Sibling Groups
Authors: Chou Chun-An , Liang Zhe , Chaovalitwongse Wanpracha Art , Berger-Wolf Tanya Y. , DasGupta Bhaskar , Sheikh Saad , Ashley Mary V. , Caballero Isabel C.
Published: September 2014

Establishing family relationships, such as parentage and sibling relationships, is fundamental in biological research, especially in wild species, as they are often important to understanding evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral processes. Because it is commonly impossible to determine familial relationships from field observations alone, the reconstruction of sibling relationships often depends on informative genetic markers coupled with accurate sibling reconstruction algorithms. Most studies in the literature reconstruct sibling relationships using methods that are based on either statistical analyses (i.e., likelihood estimation) or combinatorial concepts (i.e., Mendelian inheritance laws) of genetic data. We present a novel computational framework that integrates both combinatorial concepts and statistical analyses into one sibling reconstruction optimization model. To solve this integrated model, we propose a column-generation approach with a branch-and-price method. Under the assumption of parsimonious reconstruction, the master problem is to find the minimum set of sibling groups to cover the tested population. Pricing subproblems, which include both statistical similarity and combinatorial concepts of genetic data, are iteratively solved to generate high-quality sibling group candidates. Tested on real biological data sets, our approach efficiently provides reconstruction results that are more accurate than those provided by other state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms.
A Cutting-Plane Neighborhood Structure for Fixed-Charge Capacitated Multicommodity Network Design Problem
Authors: Yaghini Masoud , Karimi Mohammad , Rahbar Mohadeseh , Sharifitabar Mohammad Hassan
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a cutting-plane neighborhood structure is proposed for the fixed-charge capacitated multicommodity network design (CMND) problem. In the proposed structure, different strategies are used to select an open arc in the incumbent solution to be closed. Then a linear programming (LP) model is generated on the basis of the modified incumbent solution by relaxing binary variables and adding new constraints. The generated LP solution is improved using different cutting-plane inequalities. Subsequently, a new sub-mixed integer programming (MIP) model is created by fixing a number of variables in the generated LP solution. Then the local branching algorithm is used to solve the sub-MIP model and its solution is considered as a neighboring solution. A tabu search algorithm is used to evaluate the proposed neighborhood structure. To tune the parameters of the tabu search algorithm, we have used the design of experiments method. Standard problems with different sizes are employed to evaluate the proposed tabu search algorithm. Results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the tabu search algorithm compared to the best methods found in the literature.
New records of Pteridophytes for Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: MIR SHAKOOR A. , MISHRA ANAND K. , RESHI ZAFAR A. , SHARMA M. P.
Published: September 2014

Mir SA, Mishra AK, Reshi ZA, Sharma MP. 2014. New Records of Pteridophytes for Kashmir Valley, India. Biodiversitas 15: 131-136. During the recent field survey of district Shopian four species of Pteridophytes are reported for the first time that constitutes new recordsfor Kashmir valley. These species are Hypolepis polypodioides (Blume) Hook, Pteris stenophylla Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Dryopterissubimpressa Loyal and Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hylander. The diagnostic features of H. polypodioides are presence of longcreepingslender rhizome and eglandular, colorless or brown tinged hairs throughout the frond. P. stenophylla is characterized by havingdimorphic fronds and 3 to 5 pinnae clustered at stipe apex. D. subimpressa is marked by pale-green lamina and the largest basiscopicbasal pinnule in the lowest pair of pinnae. Similarly, the characteristic features of D. wallichiana are presence of huge frond size,glossier and dark-green lamina and dense browner scales in stipe and rachis. In present communication taxonomic description,synonyms, ecology and photographs are provided for each of these newly recorded species.