bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medieval Slag from Gornji Potočari (Srebrenica municipality, B&H): a relationship between initial Ore and metallurgical Processes
Authors: Olovčić Almir , Memić Mustafa , Kevilj-Olovčić Almira , Ramić Emina
Published: December 2022

In this paper, chemical analysis of slag from abandoned medieval mine in Gornji Potočari, Srebrenica municipality was described. Total of 10 metals were analyzed: chromium, copper, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, silver, manganese, iron and lead. Traces of chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and cadmium in the samples point to the fact that the starting ore also contained these elements. Results showed high content of iron (25.11–33.12%), lead (5.90–10.77%) and zinc (1.16–6.79%). The content of silver had a positive correlation with the content of lead, which is in favor of the initial hypothesis that the starting ore was galena (PbS). High zinc content indicates that the sphalerite (Zn,Fe)S was also used in the process, whereas iron most likely emanates from pyrite (FeS2). Galena and sphalerite can be found in Srebrenica area in large quantities. The results of the analysis show that the site was used for the production of lead and silver (from primary ores), intensive mining activity during the Middle Ages, and the latest date that we can account for slag origin is the end of the 16th century.
Socioeconomic relations and identities in the Southeastern Adriatic Iron Age
Authors: Dimitrijević Milijan
Published: December 2022

The focus of this paper is on the connections between socioeconomic relations and collective identities in the Late Iron Age communities from the Southeastern Adriatic and its hinterland. The aim is to draw attention to different perceptions of collective identity in the distant past, in contrast to the traditional view that typically focuses on ethnicity as the main expression of identity in the Late Iron Age Southeastern Adriatic. This interpretation is based on a constructivist approach to culture and on a re-evaluation of archaeological records that are significantly marked with imported artefacts, which remarkably highlight socioeconomic interactions from the past.By correlating archaeological data and previously proposed theoretical concepts, it will be concluded that the conceptions of collective identities in this particular social context in the past were considerably embedded in socioeconomic relations. Such conceptions, partly understood through various social practices including the consumption of material culture, were significantly articulated through socioeconomic interactions (e.g., warfare, habitation, goods exchange) rather than through notions of ethnic distinctions between individuals and groups in the past.
Some Observations on Communications and Contacts in the Central Balkan and Neighbouring Regions During the 7th to 5th Century BC Based on the Distribution of Weapons
Authors: Filipović Vojislav
Published: December 2022

This paper will discuss main Central Balkan communication routes as well as the distribution of weapons and defensive equipment of the 7th–5th centuries BC. It will also provide a general picture of the main cultural groups and Paleo-Balkan tribes, as based on the historical sources, and compare their geographical spread with specific archaeological material. Frequently used communications routes based on some additional observations will be pointed out, too. In the earlier periods, the main Balkan communication routes had certainly led through the Morava – Vardar axis and the Morava – Nišava – Isker – Marica road, but during the 7th–5th centuries BC, these routes gradually faded out use and Drim, Ibar, Western Morava and Drina River valleys become the main corridors of north-south communications.
Script of Stećak Inscriptions
Authors: Nakaš Lejla
Published: December 2022

The form of Cyrillic used in stećak inscriptions belongs to the same tradition as the ustav or uncial script used in the manuscripts, albeit somewhat altered by the influence of four-line (minuscule) diploma hand. Given the letter forms’ dual origins, an attempt is presented in this paper at classifying some of the forms of transformation undergone by the uncial script used in stećak inscriptions.
Glasinac – Notes on Archaeological Terminology
Authors: Babić Staša , Kuzmanović Zorica
Published: December 2022

The contribution seeks to explore possible convergences in archaeological research, regardless of the theoretical/methodological approach, based on the case of the considerations of the Iron Age societies of the late prehistory in the Central Balkans. The typological-chronological analysis of decorated whetstones from the region of Glasinac, recently published by Blagoje Govedarica, points to the conclusion of diversification of social roles and horizontal distribution of power and authority, similar to the line of inquiry based upon the concept of heterarchy, currently explored by the authors of postprocessual affinities. In order to recognize these similarities, it is argued that a more efficient communication inside the discipline may be achieved by overcoming terminological barriers separating various theoretical approaches.
Blagoje Govedarica’s researches of the Glasinac and an attempt at the methodological development of Bosnian archaeology: A step into the future we have not yet reached
Authors: Kaljanac Adnan , Hantalašević Elma
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to present the development of archaeological idea of methodology in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the example of archaeological research throughout Glasinac area during 1980s, concretely on site Klisura at the Kadića brdo, site where Blagoje Govedarica was the head of archaeological research. By comparing the idea and methodological principals that were prevalent during previously mentioned research with first post-war archaeological publications in two major jurnals, as well as the same ones published 10 years later, current state of archaeology in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed through special review on work and contributions of Blagoje Govedarica to development of Bosnian and Herzegovinian science.
Reaching across the Adriatic: northern and western interactions of the Cetina phenomenon (25th–20th centuries BC)
Authors: Recchia Giulia
Published: December 2022

As is well known, peninsular Italy was considerably involved in the “Cetina phenomenon” during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC, as illustrated by the occurrence of pottery akin to Cetina-types at several sites on the Adriatic side; recent discoveries in present-day Campania have enriched this picture and evidence from the north-east (present-day Veneto and Trentino), besides that from the Trieste/Slovenian karst, may also enlarge this range of connections. The most probable hypothesis to explain the situation is that of small groups, which identified themselves with some elements that we consider as ‘Cetina’, moving from the eastern Adriatic (mainly Dalmatia) to the northern and western Adriatic. Several questions remain open, such as those related to the patterns of interaction between the eastern Adriatic small groups reaching the Italian regions and the local communities. What was the dimension of these cross-cultural contacts and how did they differ from one region to another? To what extent did the foreign groups blend with the local ones? Which were the aftermaths of these interactions? This paper presents a critical reconsideration of the available evidence from continental and peninsular present-day Italy, including the geographical setting of sites and reciprocal distances, with the aim of tracing similarities and differences between the various cases. Hypotheses on both the chronology and patterns of these Cetina interactions are discussed.
Cult chariot from Glasinac (circumstances of discovery, scientific and historical importance, cultural and historical context)
Authors: Govedarica Blagoje
Published: December 2022

The bronze chariot from Glasinac, discovered by chance in 1880, present the extraordinary find thatinitiated the development of archaeological science in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, after initial fascinationthis valuable object remained outside of the research interest due to the uncertain circumstances of its discovery.In this article, for the first time after 80 years of silence, all scientific aspects of this finding are consideredin detail. The conclusion is that this bird chariot is one of the last products of the Bronze Age funeral tradition,which extends into the early Iron Age. It is cult custom associated with the broader Urnfield Circle, in which birdchariots served as companions of the souls of the dead on an imaginary way to the eternity. Representatives ofthis final stage of this tradition are chariots from Este, Bujoru and Glasinac (9th-8th BC). The Glasinac chariot, asthe last authentic representative of the ancient rite, already belongs to the classical Hallstatt period (Ha C1 - mid8th century BC).
Reviewing the question of Delminium
Authors: Šačić Beća Amra
Published: December 2022

Delminium is one of the oldest settlements in the territory of Western Balkans known by its name. It is a fortified Delmataean settlement whose name was written down by Greco-Roman authors when describing conflicts between Delmataean communities and Rome during the Middle and the Late Republic. The only exception is Claudius Ptolemy who specified the geographical longitude and latitude where we should locate this settlement. The name of the settlement appears in the classical literature in different forms – Dalmion, Delmium, and Delminium. Interestingly, the Romans founded a municipal unit with the same name following the complete pacification of the province of Dalmatia. This is corroborated by inscriptions carved on epigraphic monuments. This paper addresses the issue of locating pre-Roman Delminium and municipium Delminensium by comparing different theses based on external and internal criticism of the source material, interpreting archaeological material, and analyzing inscriptions carved on epigraphic monuments. Epigraphic monuments lead us to assume that municipium Delminensium was founded during the reign of Hadrian (117–138) or Antoninus Pius (138–161). The paper concludes with a detailed analysis of four ancient epigraphic monuments that confirm the municipal status of Delminium.
Troy between mythology and documents
Authors: Mesihović Salmedin
Published: December 2022

Greek mythology mentions Motylos, king in Asia Minor, who received Helen and Paris after they fled the mythical Sparta. Who was Motylos and whether his appearance in ancient Hellenic mythography is in fact perhaps a reminiscence and some “rough” memory of a real ruler of Asia Minor in the XIII century BC. As one of the first candidates for possible reminiscence is Muwatal II. (Muwatalli; Muwatallish) Hittite ruler in the period (according to a short chronology) from 1295 to 1272. BC. The main reason is the existence of a document, found in the Hittite archives in Hatusha, which is called the Alaksandu Treaty (CTH 76). It is a diplomatic treaty (with an approximate date cc 1280 BC) between Muwatal II. and Alaksandu, king of Wilusa. In historiography and archeology it is now unquestionable that Wilusa refers to that city which in ancient Hellenic mythology is called Ilion, while Aleksandu is associated with Paris (Πάρις), whose name by birth was Alexander (Ἀλέξανδρος). It is interesting that in Greek mythology, there is also information that the Paris and Helena fleet was cruising the eastern Mediterranean and that it was carrying out attacks along the coast of the Levant. Perhaps this mythology is actually a memory of the time when the Trojans were part of a military contingent led by Muwatal in the war with the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II, which broke out after the conclusion of the Treaty of Aleksandu.
Mapping medieval tombstones in the municipality of Osmaci
Authors: Popović Goran
Published: December 2022

The first research of medieval tombstones on the territory of the municipality of Osmaci began in the first half of the 20th century. By 1970, eight sites with a total of ninety-seven medieval tombstones had been discovered. Recent terrain research correlated with the use of the Geographic Information System revealed a significant number of new necropolises. On the territory of the municipality of Osmaci, there are twenty-six necropolises with a total of two hundred and sixteen medieval tombstones. The most common are stelas, which makes up 59.26% of all monuments. According to that, the area of the municipality of Osmaci differs from other areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where tombstones in the shape of sarcophagi are most represented. The ornaments contain twenty medieval tombstones. The most common motifs are crosses and crescents that appear on stelas. In addition to that, relief presentations of the sun, spirals, S-spirals, grapes, rosettes, twisted ribbons, sword, lily were also discovered. According to the shape of the monuments and decorative motifs, it can be concluded that the medieval tombstones in the municipality of Osmaci belong to the East Bosnian stonemason’s school.
Drawing Attention to Old Testament Elements in the Text of the New Testament in the Mediaeval Bosnian Literary Tradition
Authors: Nakaš Lejla
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to present a complete catalogue of concordances noted in religious mediaeval Bosnian manuscripts, with a view to underlining deliberate choices by scribes fitting sacred themes into a Judeo-Christian context. The paper first looks at quotations from/references to Old Testament texts marked in the Divoš Gospels and the Hilferding Apostolos no. 14 with a special citation symbol and then examples of references to Old Testament verses marked alongside verses from Acts and Epistles in Hilferding Apostolos no. 14 and the Venetian and Hval’s miscellanies.
Records of oral traditions on plague in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the end of the 19th century
Authors: Softić Aiša
Published: December 2022

The effort to gather and publish ethnographic material was among the many activities in different fields of social and natural sciences that the National Museum conducted right after its founding. In 1897, the Museum’s executive office sent out the questionnaire entitled “Questions for gathering of historical-topographic material” to all parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The goal of this activity, which included people of different backgrounds, was to gather a field material that was important for both ethnology and folklore studies. The 21 questions that were in the questionnaire also included special requests for field recorders to record details about epidemics of plague in Bosnia-Herzegovina, ranging from the time of their occurrence to recommended folk remedies. These records of oral tradition make it possible to get a more clear picture about the ways in which this contagious disease lived in oral memory of the population in Bosnia-Herzegovina at the very end of the 19th Century.
Critics and Reviews
Authors: Veladžić Sabina , Softić Aiša , Ramić-Kunić Erma
Published: December 2022

Sabina Veladžić: Historijska traganja br. 17, Institut za historiju Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajeo, 2018.

Aiša Softić: Mario Katić, Domorodci i gospodari. Historijsko-antropološka studija stvaranja bosanskohercegovačkog grada Varesa. Buybook, Sarajevo/Zagreb 2020.

Erma Ramić-Kunić: Antonija Zoradija Kiš-Marinka Šimić, Cvijet kreposti ili o naravi ljudskoj kroz narav životinjsku. STUDIJA-TRANSLITERACIJA-FAKSIMIL, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristitiku, Satroslavenski institut, Zagreb.
Female costume from the Early Iron Age period at Glasinac in the heart of Western Balkans
Authors: Teržan Ljubinka Biba
Published: December 2022

The article discusses female costume from the Early Iron Age period at Glasinac. For this purpose, graves from tumuli in Podilijak, Ilijak and Pešter, which on the basis of characteristic jewellery can be defined as female, have been analysed. Anthropological analyses further revealed that among these female graves there are also infant or girl interments, which particularly stand out as regards their costumes, rich in jewellery. Our research demonstrated that the female costume was not uniform, but rather varied. Moreover, it appears that the costume had been specific and designative of social status of single female individuals within the framework of their family/clan communities and can accordingly be seen as reflecting the social role of these females.
Paragnatida kacige tipa Baldeinheim sa Gradine u Biogracima kod Širokog Brijega
Authors: Lepić Adisa
Published: December 2022

Systematic archeological excavations of Gradina in Biograci near Lištica, which were carried out during 1969 and 1971 under the leadership of Irma Čremošnik, put a very valuable archeological site on the archeological map of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the research of that time, Biograci was primarily interpreted as a Roman fortification and a high-altitude settlement with an Avar-Slavic phase. Only a recent revision of the material in the Classical Antiquity collection of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina noticed material that was redefined and dated to the early Byzantine period and the Migration period. From the extremely diverse material from this site with a very wide dating, and thus a long continuity of settlement, the finding of a fragmented cheek flaps- paragnatids from the Baldeinheim type helmet stands out.2 The paper is exclusively dedicated to the professional and scientific processing of the bronze sheet metal plate with traces of gilding, which, in comparison with the complete findings of helmets of this type, was identified as part of the paragnatide helmet of the Baldeinheim type. Geographically, the closest sites to Biograci with complete or almost complete helmets of this type are Vid-Bedemi in Narona near Metković, Batajnica in Srijem, Heraclea Lyncestis near Bitola, Zidani Gaber nad Mihovim i Rifnik pri Šetjurju. The appearance of the so-called western group of helmets known as Baldeinheim-type helmets during the Migration period is an extremely rare find at archeological sites, while no helmet of this type has been found at archeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina so far.
Traces of the early Slavs in the region of Mostar
Authors: Milošević Ante
Published: December 2022

The author of this article recently published in the Godišnjak a short discussion, which provided chronological and contextual reinterpretation of a stone fragment with human face from the collection of the Franciscan Monastery of St. Anthony of Padua on Humac in Ljubuški (Hercegovina). It was argued that the fragment represents part of an image (idol) originally depicting early medieval old Slavic gods, most likely Veles or Perun. The article also discussed earlier published information and archaeological material from the region of Ljubuški, that further suggests presence of mythology and old Slavic beliefs in Herzegovina. On this occassion, when we celebrate 50th volume of one of the most respected and influential journals in a field in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, the enquiry will focus on neighbouring area of Mostar, where is also possible to find evidence that can be connected with the period of the Slav settlement and its aftermath.
Trebinjska vlastela Dragančići
Authors: Kurtović Esad
Published: December 2022

The Trebinje nobles Dragančići mark the history of the Trebinje region in the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century. The author completes earlier contours of Mihailo Dinić’s approach with new indicators. Dragančići are located in the Trebinje settlements of Poljice and Kremeni Dol, in the southern parts of Travunija on the border with Konavle. Their seniors are Pavlovići, and from 1438, Kosače. They are in the rank of families Ljubibratić, Kobiljačić, Starčić, Krasomirić, Poznanović and Priljubović. With their vassals, they are engaged in cattle breeding, agriculture and trade, and in the 15th century they significantly participated in looting, contextualized by the general action of their seniors Pavlović and Kosač towards the people of Dubrovnik. Thanks to the preserved sources, more detailed observations are dedicated to the Pribatovićs (successors of Pribat Dragančić) and the Usinovićs (successors of Usin Brajanović Dragančić).
Bibliografija časopisa Godišnjak/Jahrbuch (41–50) – uz obilježavanje 50. broja
Authors: Vejzagić Sabina
Published: December 2022

U bibliografiji časopisa Godišnjak/Jahrbuch koju objavljujemo u okviru jubilarnog 50. broja, predočen je sadržaj svezaka 41-50. Ovim se nadovezujemo na tradiciju otpočetu 1983. godine povodom 20 godina postojanja Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja ANUBiH1 i nastavljamo bibliografiju objavljena u okviru jubilarnog 40. broja Časopisa2 u kojoj je predočen sadržaj svih do tadašnjih svezaka, kao i bibliografiju predočenu u vanserijskom izdanju Pedeset godina Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine 1963–2013. (Istorijat i bibliografija izdanja).3 Osim naučnih članaka i rasprava, u Godišnjaku/Jahrbuch-u su objavljivane kritike i prikazi, kao i hronika rada Centra i Sjećanja na preminule članove i saradnike Centra (in memoriam). Svaki svezak sadrži i adrese autora čiji su prilozi objavljeni, kao i uputstva za pripremu radova data na bosanskom, njemačkom i engleskom jeziku. Broj 41, pored redovnih članaka iz oblasti balkanologije, sadrži i početak serije povremenih rasprava o izučavanju Ranih evropskih civilizacija (Frühe europäische Zivilisationen). Uz tekst članka, obavezni dio radova čine apstrakti, ključne riječi, ilustracije, rezimei ili sažeci kao i popis literature koja je korištena.Kao i u prethodnim bibliografijama Godišnjaka/Jahrbuch-a, i ovdje su poštivani svi bitni elementi, kao što su podaci o autoricama i autorima, naslovu rada, naslovu rezimea ili sažetka na bosanskom, hrvatskom, srpskom ili nekom stranom jeziku, kao i raspon stranica. 4 U brojevima 1-40 učestvovalo je 231 autora/autorica sa 542 priloga, dok su u svescima 41-50 117 autora objavili narednih 172 priloga.U deset svezaka koje obuhvata ovdje dati dio Bibliografije Godišnjaka/Jahrbuch-a publikovana su 133 članka, 20 prikaza, 15 Sjećanja (in memoriam), kao i 10 hronika, odnosno godišnjih izvještaja o radu Centra. Urednik Časopisa je i u ovom periodu bio dopisni član ANUBiH-a, prof. dr. Blagoje Govedarica. Jedini izuzetak napravljen je kod broja 48 za 2019. godinu koji je prema odluci Centra i Odjeljenja humanističkih nauka ANUBiH bio posvećen prof. dr. Govedarici, povodom njegovog 70. rođendana. Taj svezak su kao gostujući urednici pripremili akademik Dževad Juzbašić, prof. dr. Igor Manzura i mr. Melisa Forić Plasto.Na kraju ovog trećeg nastavka Bibliografije dat je indeks imena svih 117 autora koji su učestvovali u brojevima 41–50. Gledano u cjelini, u Godišnjaku/Jahrbuch-u je do sada učestvovalo 348 autora sa 714 naučnih članaka, rasprava i drugih priloga iz oblasti kulturne historije balkanskog i šireg evropskog područja.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF PEER TO PEER LENDING ACCORDING TO CONTRACT LAW
Authors: Riandini Vera Ayu
Published: December 2022

Logic business law understood that the business world confront businesses in business activity, and the contract is an important legal instrument which establish legal relationship and secures business transactions. The rapid growth of information and technology the internet bring up transactions financing startup in financial technology of crowdlending and here contract into very important to be set .This research first, aimed at outlines crowdlending benefits for financing sector startup, second, to explain the functions of/the role of contract financings crowdlending services. Research methodology used is the method research law that is normative, with the methods approach of the concept and principle in a contract. The result of this research suggests that rule of POJK 77/2016 not explained in detail on the regulations peer to peer lending contract so the marketplace in line KUHPerdata and having its own innovations, there is the possibility of risk and risk failed to pay, the risk of failure it infrastructure, the risk of fraud by borrowers and risk reputation.
THE TERMS OF ACQUIRING EIGENDOM RIGHT ON LAND THROUGH STATUTE OF LIMITATION (DALUWARSA)
Authors: Atikasari Hartini
Published: December 2022

This paper contains about how to apply the law of transfer of right on land as well as the requirements for acquiring eigendom right on land through statute of limitation
(daluwarsa), both before the enactment of the Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Law (hereinafter referred as BAL) and after the enactment of the BAL. Furthermore, the prerequisites for obtaining eigendom right on land will be analysed based on the provisions of the principle of good faith, also describe the reasons for property rights to be nullified and become state land according to the applicable law. There is also in this paper the author uses normative legal research methods by utilizing legal literatures and legal dictionaries. This research resulted in unexpected conclusions because based on literature studies, legal facts were produced if there were differences in the rules for acquiring land right through statute of limitation between the Civil Code and the BAL, so that it had implications for the land law system in Indonesia.
LEGAL BASIS FOR TAKING THE LAND OWNED AND COMPENSATION FOR THE AFFECTED LAND
Authors: Al Maghfiroh Maytsa Atika , Najicha Fatma Ulfatun
Published: December 2022

Indonesia always been active in carrying out development activities such as public development. The government has a duty to make Development for the public for the welfare of the people. The problem of land acquisition is considered vulnerable handling because it covers the lives of people. Currently, it is considered very difficult to carry out development for the public interest on state-owned land. The purpose of this research is to find out that the taking of rights to land due to the widening by the government of private land rights to realize national development have laws underlie it. The government compensation for freehold land taken from the community with an agreement that has been deliberated beforehand. The process of providing compensation must be balanced so that the owners of land rights are not harmed. In this research, the library research method is used by examining through books, journals, laws, and other written documents related to the issues to be discussed. The results showed that the process of taking over land rights due to widening by the government was based on Law Number 2 of 2012. The compensation provided is also
further explained in Presidential Regulation No. 65 of 2006.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN MONOPOLY PRACTICES IN THE MINING SECTOR
Authors: Octaviana Setyarini Nur
Published: December 2022

In Indonesia, Joint Venture is regulated in Law No. 25 of 2007 on
Investment. Joint Venture itself is a form of alliance that emphasizes more on cooperation and its temporary nature. Before the occurrence of Joint Venture in the establishment of the company conducted a Joint Venture agreement, it contains the agreement of both parties. Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition regulates the prohibition of a company in carrying out its business activities, must not do 3 things, namely: make a prohibited
agreement, become the dominant position, and conduct prohibited activities. On the contrary, Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and also Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment does not regulate the matter. Therefore the company does it by joint venture. The company's growth in the mining sector is growing very rapidly. To attract investors, the government is expanding in the mining sector. Certainly in this case the practice of monopoly in a company is very likely to occur as mining sector companies increase. The research method used by the author is normative juridical, i.e. research whose reference material uses the norms contained in the laws and regulations. The results showed that companies have implications for monopoly practices, of course a company, especially the mining sector, should also consider the principle of fairness.
REVIEW OF LEGAL PROFESSIONAL ETHICS TOWARDS INVESTIGATORS IN THE CRIMINAL CASE OF FOUR STUDENTS REFUSING OMNIBUS LAW
Authors: Iswandi Dea , Nur Ikhlas Fadillah Rizky , Sanjaya Ilham Khoirudin , Muflih M. Hanif
Published: December 2022

The way investigators handled students who were involved in the
demonstration to ratify the Job Creation Act did not reflect the slogan of "protecting, nurturing, and serving the community" carried by the institution. Instead of fostering and protecting the future of students, the police criminalize them. The police arrested students and students who opposed the job creation law in a number of areas last week. The police accused them of being anarchist. The police also threatened to include the status of law violators so that they would not issue a police record
certificate (SKCK). Student involvement in demonstrations is not a criminal act. Moreover, students' and students' criticism of the Job Creation Act is actually a reaction to the inherent defects of the omnibus law. Not only is its preparation not transparent, the substance of the universal sweeping law also harms workers and threatens the environment. The case of students who are victims of criminalization for
refusing the Omnibus Law is still continuing its legal process to this day. However, the trial which is supposed to be the place to seek justice is run very subjectively and full of flaws. This further confirms that no violation of Professional Ethics conducted by investigators to the students repellent Omnibus.
THE ROLE OF HEALTH CENTERS ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY OF HEALTH PERSONNEL DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Partini Partini , Kusumaningrum Anggraeni Endah
Published: December 2022

The function of the Puskesmas is as a First Level health service in carrying out health service efforts, both promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative in its working area. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Puskesmas are expected to provide services according to the Covid-19 situation. The goal is that the implementation of health protocols in health service facilities in order to prevent and control Covid-19 is carried out as well as possible. Puskesmas as a place used to carry out health service efforts has the potential to spread infectious diseases, including covid -19. Sources of infection transmission can come from the community or community or from the health care facilities themselves. The application of standard precautions in Infection Control and Prevention is not optimal. as a result, many health center health workers were confirmed covid-19. The purpose of this research is the extent to which the Puskesmas efforts in providing legal protection for the safety of health workers due to the Covid -19 pandemic. Legal protection for the work safety of health workers must be carried out as well as possible so that the rights of health workers to life safety are fulfilled. This research method is juridical sociology where this research is built from social facts related to the operation of real laws faced in health facilities or in the community. The problem faced in puskesmas is their adherence to health protocols is weak and tends to ignore. Second, Puskesmas is less obedient to infection prevention and control. There are many risk factors that arise in the Puskesmas environment such as unsterile medical equipment, unavailability of infectious and non-infectious trash bins in the work room, and the absence of adequate medical waste management. Third, the density of the puskesmas program activities causes the risk of being exposed to Covid-19 even higher. Based on the above background, the researchers took the title of the role of the Puskesmas in the safety of health workers due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
LEGAL AND BUSINESS STUDY STOP PRESS EARLY WARNING TSUNAMI AT PRIME TIME ON INEWS
Authors: Akhmadi Khoiri
Published: December 2022

Early warning tsunami iis the right of every citizen to know, guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution, and the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information No. 20/2006. The Minister of Communication and Informatics clearly states that broadcast media are obliged to broadcast Stop pressing contains early warning tsunami after the earthquake disaster. The impression took at least 30 seconds, with a high tone. This is the dilemma of broadcast media managers. Namely showing Stop press as a statutory obligation when the zone prime time television. During this time duration prime time the price is very expensive. However, Inews still prioritizes the interests of the community, by broadcasting Stop pressing,
should reduce the duration. This is part of the responsibility and protection of legal rights for the community. In addition, Inews does not want to receive criminal sanctions, just for not broadcasting Stop pressing early warning tsunamis.
JURIDICAL REVIEW CONCERNING INTELLIGENT AND WITHOUT RIGHTS TO DISTRIBUTE AND/OR TRANSMIT AND/OR ACCESS ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND/OR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS THAT HAVE A CONTAMINATION AND/ OR DEFAULT (Study of Decision Number 204/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Tjk)
Authors: Setyohadi Dimas Bahtera , Baharudin Baharudin , Anggalana Anggalana
Published: December 2022

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how the criminal act of defamation according to the Criminal Code and how the criminal act of defamation according to Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning ITE. By using a normative juridical research method, it is concluded: 1. The crime of defamation is regulated in detail in the Criminal Code. The Criminal Code is formulated in Articles 310 and 311 of the Criminal Code. the elements of defamation or insult according to Article 310 of the Criminal Code are: 1. intentionally; 2. to attack honor or reputation; 3. accuses of committing an act; 4. broadcast the accusations for public knowledge. If these elements of insult or defamation are only spoken (verbally insulting), then the act is classified in Article 310 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. However, if these elements are carried out by means of letters or pictures that are broadcast, shown or pasted (blasphemed with letters), the perpetrator can be charged with or subject to legal sanctions in Article 310 paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code. However, not all criminal acts of defamation can be punished, if the act is clearly committed in the public interest or forced to defend themselves (Article 310 paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code).
LEGAL PROTECTION OF REGISTERED COSMETIC BRAND
Authors: Arifin Miftah , Sukrisno Wijayono Hadi , Arifin Zaenal , Setyorini Wiwin
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal protection of registered cosmetic brands, analyze the obstacles and solutions in the legal protection of cosmetic brands. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a normative juridical approach. The results of this study are the legal protection against counterfeiting of well-known trademarks in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, but because brand protection is still a delict complaint and has not been maximized without a complaint from the brand holder and no sanctions are applied for brand infringement, so that supervision is needed by the Department of Industry and Trade throughout Indonesia in the
distribution of goods to traders in order to prevent the circulation of counterfeit goods Obstacles in carrying out legal protection against cosmetic counterfeiting regarding
legal regulation and law enforcement, cosmetic brand products that are still widely
counterfeited and cheap prices, lack of facilities and facilities that support tools that make it easy to detect an item and fifth, namely the weak awareness of buyers to buy a quality item. The problem solving are such as make regional regulations regarding brand counterfeiting in each region, to suppressing brand counterfeiting by providing socialization to business actors and the public about the dangers of brand counterfeiting, especially those containing ingredients that are harmful to health.
JURIDICAL REVIEW IN DETERMINING THE HEIR AND THE AMOUNT OF EACH SHARE BASED ON THE WESTERN INHERITANCE LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Purnomo Heri
Published: December 2022

Inheritance law is currently a question that is widely questioned among the public, considering that there are still many people who do not realize the importance of inheritance law or may not know and understand how inheritance issues must be resolved. Not infrequently when heirs have to share inheritance, disputes arise that don't need to happen, if each party can realize and understand the applicable inheritance law. Starting from the background above, the author is interested in raising inheritance law, especially related to western inheritance law. the question of how to determine the heirs and how to determine the share/potie of each of the heirs. The western inheritance law system regulates how to determine heirs either based on blood relations or because of a will, but given the breadth of inheritance issues, in this paper, the author limits the determination and share of each heir, when the heir does not leave a will.
REGULATION OF THE POSITION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF NOTARIES REGARDING THE SUPERVISION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES AUTHORITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL MARKET INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ismadi Wahyu , Tumanggor MS , Martono W Anne Gunadi
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted to examine and analyze the regulation of the authority, position, duties and responsibilities of a Notary and Supervision of the Financial Services Authority. To review and analyze the implementation of regulations on the authority, position, duties and responsibilities of a Notary Public and Supervision of the Financial Services Authority. To review and analyze efforts to regulate the authority, position, duties and responsibilities of a Notary and Supervision of the Financial Services Authority in the development of the capital market industry in Indonesia. This research is a normative juridical research, namely research that is focused on examining the application of rules or norms in positive law by using a legislative potivist conceptional approach, which views that law is identical to written norms that are made and promulgated by institutions or officials who authorities and views the law as a normative system that is autonomous, closed and detached from people's lives. This study describes the facts and data regarding the duties and responsibilities of one of the supporting institutions, namely the Notary before and after the Limited Liability Company listing in the capital market. The results of the study show that the role of a notary in the capital market is a necessity to serve the investment community in fulfilling the mechanism in the capital market. Notaries are public officials authorized to make authentic deeds and are registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK).
JURIDICAL STUDY OF LEASING OF HOSPITAL FOUNDATION ASSETS TO HOSPITALS IN THE FORM OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Authors: Setiyowati Setiyowati
Published: December 2022

Law number 28 of 2004 amendments to law number 16 of 2001 concerning foundations, in article 5 paragraph (1) explains that the assets of foundations are stopped or distributed directly or indirectly. In fact, there is a hospital from a foundation which, due to being pressured by the need to improve hospital management, the foundation which manages the hospital business unit forms a pt to manage the hospital business unit. This research discusses the role of a notary in the process of transferring assets from a hospital foundation to a hospital in the form of a limited liability company and what is the mechanism for the process of transferring assets from a hospital foundation to a hospital in the form of a limited liability company and what are the responsibilities of legal organ foundations in an effort to transfer the assets of a hospital foundation hospital to a hospital in the form of a limited liability company. This research is a normative juridical research with an approach based on the main legal material by examining the theories, concepts, legal principles and laws and regulations related to research. The results of the analysis are presented qualitatively. Data in the field was taken through interviews with the foundation and notary who made the lease deed. The results of this study are the role of the notary in the transfer of assets, namely the role of the notary as the maker of the land lease agreement owned by pt husada to khoirunissa hospital. The mechanism for the process of transferring assets from a hospital foundation to a hospital in the form of a pt is through a lease agreement. PT. Husada leases its assets in the form of land and is leased by the khoirunisa foundation on which a foundation hospital is built called rsia umi barokah.
Raman Spectroscopy in Analyzing Fats and Oils in Foods
Authors: Esmonde-White Karen , Lewis Mary , Perilli Thomas , Della Vedova Tomaso , Lewis Ian
Published: December 2022

Fats and oils are ubiquitous in natural and processed foods, providing necessary energy storage. Fat and oil content in foods also have important contributions to the shelf life, texture, compatibility with processing operations, and sensory profiles of food products. Understanding the molecular properties of fats and oils separately within a heterogeneous food matrix requires a multidisciplinary approach. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques are used throughout the food industry to gain product understanding, identify adulterated products, ensure quality, and control processes. In analyzing fats and oils in food, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an established analytical technique, and there are other growing applications of infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies. In particular, Raman spectroscopy is well suited to measure fats and oils because their C-H and C-C bonds are polarizable. In this article, we review the historical use of Raman spectroscopy in studying fats and oils in foods from Fourier transform (FT)–Raman spectroscopy to dispersive Raman spectroscopy. We also provide an overview of various Raman approaches to understand fat compositional heterogeneity in solid foods, identify polymorph or crystallinity, and measure fatty acid saturation. Examples in a variety of fat-containing foods demonstrate feasibility for Raman applications in the laboratory and process environments.
Analysis of Transdermal Patch Layers via Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Flack Angela
Published: December 2022

A transdermal patch is a method of drug delivery through the skin into the bloodstream that is composed of layers that store and release the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) over time. The ability to analyze these layers without damaging the patch allows for quality control and stability measurements. Raman spectroscopy has excellent chemical identification abilities, thanks to the fingerprint like spectrum it produces, that deliver rapid discrimination between components typically found in transdermal patches, such as polymers and APIs. Coupling this with a confocal microscope gives high spatial resolution on all three axes, with the pinhole providing otherwise unachievable axial resolution, permitting depth profile analysis. Using this technique, the patch can be analyzed from top to bottom without any risk of damage. This article highlights the use of confocal Raman microscopy to acquire a 3D Raman map of a transdermal patch for layer evaluation. The map revealed six layers which were composed of four polymers and the API layer at the center of the patch.
Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing and Quality Control: Raman Spectroscopy, an Analytical Technique of Choice
Authors: Beccard Bruno , Karavadra Shaileshkumar N. , Dahal Sudhir
Published: December 2022

The efficiency of renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, has drastically increased over the last decade, whereas the cost of owning these technologies has decreased significantly. As a result, these changes have created a huge demand for energy storage devices, including batteries. Of particular interest is the development and improvement of portable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries because of their advantages over traditional battery technologies, including having higher energy density compared to other existing rechargeable batteries and faster charging. Researchers are constantly investigating ways to make Li-ion batteries more efficient and safer. Currently, the Li-ion battery technology is far from perfect and there have been several high-profile reports of failures, including explosions and fires caused during charging, use, and storage. In this regard, Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for research and quality control of Li-ion batteries. In this paper, we present Raman as a technique of choice for quality control of manufacturing processes of Li-ion batteries. We highlight two cases of bulk analysis of lithium compounds using Raman spectroscopy during the quality control procedure of raw materials, and one case of analysis for better manufacturing using Raman imaging microscopy.
SENTIMENT CLASSIFICATION OF E-COMMERCE REVIEWS BASED ON BERT-CNN
Authors: CHAI CHUNHAO , LI LU , MAO TENGZE , WU DIAN , WANG LIDONG
Published: December 2022

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) were used to handle natural language tasks in early days, but the Transformer model changed that. The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model is another optimization based on the Transformer model, which directly makes the performance of the NLP model reach an unprecedented height. In order to distinguish the emotion classification model with the best processing effect in the field of e-commerce reviews, the BERT model is fine-tuned based on the mobile e-commerce review data, and then input to another deep learning models(such as CNN,RNN) as embedding. Finally, we compare the training effect of several current deep learning models, such as BERT, BERT-RNN and BERT-CNN. Experimental results show that the BERT-CNN model performs best in the binary classification of e-commerce review text sentiment.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANTLET FORMATION FROM LEAF EXPLANTS OF SPONGE GOURD (Luffa aegyptiaca (MILL.) A MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT PLANT
Authors: DEVI U. ANITHA , ODELU G. , VENKATESHWARLU M. , UGANDHAR T.
Published: December 2022

An effective technique for the stimulation of somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from Leaf explants was developed in the sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca (Mill.), which is significant in the field of medicinal botany. Fast-growing, yellowish nodular callus lines containing somatic embryos were established on an initiation medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 3.0 mg/L 2,4-5-T, and 2.0 mg/L NAA, respectively. Somatic embryos were induced directly from cotyledon explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trich On MS medium that was supplemented with 2.0 mg/L2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L TDZ, as well as 3.0 mg/L2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L BAP, embryo growth and good maturation were successfully accomplished. On an MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L TDZ and 2.0 mg/L NAA (-Naphthalene acetic acid), the well-formed embryos germinated into full plantlets and became plantlets. NAA stands for -Naphthalene acetic acid. The plants that had been regenerated were first transplanted into plastic cups and then into pots for maturation. After that, they were moved to soil and developed to maturity with an 80% survival rate, and the tissue culture-reared plants produced viable seeds.