bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotypic and Serotypic confirmations of Bacterial community to Kotumsar cave for occupational safety of cave workers and visitors from pathogenic threats
Authors: Rajput Yogita , Neral Arvind , Rai Vibhuti
Published: February 2017

Background: Bacterial communities exist everywhere in the universe so in the caves. Kotumsar cave is the one of the renowned tourist place in India therefore high risk of anthropogenic pressure in this     ecological niche. Objective: In the present study some pathogenic and nonpathogenic soil bacterial communities earlier isolated and characterized from different microhabitats of Kotumsar cave have been further confirmed by using serological and molecular technique i.e. applying Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). Methods: Identified bacterial cultures were re-cultured for 16SrDNA   analysis. Cluster analysis was used to analyze the restriction pattern generated by the enzyme by the using NTSYS-pc and UPGMA software and as well serotyping is done by Prescott’s method. Result: Total twelve bacteria were selected for serological and molecular characterization. There were two most suitable enzymes EcoRI and AluI which shows typical molecular characteristics between the similar  genuses. Conclusion: This piece of work confirms some pathogenic bacteria in Kotumsar cave’s     habitat. Though they are not highly pathogenic but repeated visiting in this cave environment may cause infectivity accordingly proper safety precaution must followed after visiting the cave.
Effects of lift-assist device on trunk and shoulder kinematics
Authors: Nimbarte Ashish D. , Chowdhury Suman Kanti , Moore Christopher W.
Published: February 2017

Background: Repetitive handling of heavy concrete blocks has been associated with the risk of low back and shoulder injuries among the masons. Several interventions have been proposed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among the masons. A new intervention, a lift-assist handle, was tested in this study. Objective: The effectiveness of the lift-assist handle in masonry work was assessed using the shoulder and low back  kinematics  during  block  lifting/lowering  tasks  performed  at  two  heights. Methods: In a laboratory setting, seven male subjects performed with- and without-lift handle assisted block lifting tasks at two different heights.  Optical motion capture system and biomechanical modeling software were used to record and model each dynamic trial. Effect of lifting height and use of a lift-assist handle on range of motion of the shoulder and trunk were tested. Results: The use of lift-assist handle significantly reduced trunk motion and increased shoulder motion. Lifting height had a significant effect on shoulder kinematics only. When height was increased from 17to 29 inches, the ranges of motion of  shoulder abduction-adduction and internal rotation significantly increased. Additionally, block lifting/lowering task duration decreased by 26% when the lift-assist handle was used. Conclusions: While  potential benefits to lower back health were found with the lift-assist handle, increased shoulder motion may increase the risk of shoulder injuries. The findings of this study emphasize the need for an in-depth analysis of assistive devices prior to implementation to ensure that there are no unintended consequences of their use that could negate their benefit.
Model of Entrepreneurial Success: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Yadav Maheshwar Prasad
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to review the entrepreneurial models in order to identify most widespread factors of entrepreneurial success. This study comprises descriptive cum analytical research design. Nine models of entrepreneurial success were reviewed that led to three important findings. The first one is the both micro and macro factors, i.e., individual and environment contexts are necessary to build a comprehensive model of entrepreneurial success. The second is all three types of social, financial and human capital are essential to build a complete model that can explain entrepreneurial success in a better way. The third is the opportunity, environment and resources played the strong role; entrepreneur, innovation, management skills, organization and personal motivation played the moderate role while the weak role-played by the other factors as a whole. Based on the results, the study concludes that the recent research agenda of entrepreneurial success are: Do these factors play vital role for entrepreneurial success in the context of developing country like Nepal? Do entrepreneurs equipped with higher financial capital, social capital, and human capital more likely to be successful? What financial capital, social capital, and human capital matters for entrepreneurial success? How do financial, social, and human resources used by entrepreneurs behave and interact?
Financial Status of Small Farmer Cooperative Limited (SFCL) in Surkhet District of Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Liladhar
Published: February 2017

The present study has studied the status of Small Farmers Cooperative Limited (SFCL) in Surkhet District of Nepal. The cooperative movement originated from the philosophy of cooperation and later developed as a powerful tool to support to improve socio-economic status of resource poor, vulnerable, members of the lower cast people, women, labors and peasants. The Small Farmers Cooperative Limited functions with the guiding philosophy of group principle, self-help development and institutionalization of networks at the grassroots level to reduce the poverty. SFCL has three tier structures - village level groups, inter-groups and the main committee. This study applied a descriptive and analytical research design in the specific area. Study is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data are collected through observation and questionnaires and secondary data are collected from District Cooperative Office Surkhet (DCOS), Department of Cooperative (DoC), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), National Planning Commission (NPC), National Cooperative Federation of Nepal (NCF/N and so on. Some of the most remarkable contributions of these institutions are: saving collection, credit investment and socio-economic improvement. The SFCLs are guided by democratic norms and shares are issued to the members who are empowered with one member one vote for the general assembly purpose. The institutions function for socio-economic development with the strong policy of being apolitical and unbiased with no discrimination of any kind on religion and gender basis. The socio-economic status of cooperative members is changed through income generation. Similarly, in the comparison of expenditure increment before and after membership, an average expense is increased, result is highly significant.
Analysis on the Socio-economic and Victimization aspect of the Victims in Nepal
Authors: Shah Lok Bahadur , Subedee Nutan Chandra
Published: February 2017

This article is based on the study carried out in order to gauge the present scenario of crime and victimization in relation to socio-economic status of the victims. The purpose of this study was to analyze the victimization as well as socio-economic aspect of the victims of Nepal. The present scenario is that the crime and victimization are two sides of a coin and socio-economic condition of the society is one of the major factors on which it depends. The society with sound socio-economy has fewer criminal activities and fewer records of victimization. The study was based on primary data collected from the field survey. The crime victims, dependents of the victims and some key persons were the real respondents of this study. In depth interview, key informant’s interview, group discussion and published and unpublished documents were also used in this study. To make it more relevant, the data were analyzed by using interpretation, explanation and analysis. The result of the study shows that victimization mostly takes place in the society where people are long time inhabitant, uneducated, having large family size with gender discrimination as well as traditional farming and unemployment resulting in poor economic condition. Vulnerability of victims and their dependent is the outcome of their poor socio-economic status.
Contribution of Micro-Finance on Socio-Economic Development of Rural Community
Authors: Dhakal Chandra Prasad , Nepal Govinda
Published: February 2017

Microfinance institutions are established to promote the financial activities mainly saving and credit in community. Microfinance’s activities are focused on reducing poverty level of community people. Poor, disadvantaged, marginalize and women are in mainstream of microfinance’s programs. The study was focused on finding out the contribution of microfinance on socio-economic development of rural community. The study was based on the quantitative design. Cross-sectional data was collected from the 8 microfinances of Syangja district. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents. The perceptual analysis of data reported the significant contribution of micro-finance in social change and development. Microfinances working since 2 to 20 years covering the diverse field of social activities were the samples of the study. There was a need to improve the internal management of microfinance to provide the services more effectively.
Accuracy Assessment of Aircraft Transponder–Based Devices for Measuring Airport Operations
Authors: Mott John H. , McNamara Margaret L. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: February 2017

Accurate counts of aircraft operations at unmonitored or partially monitored general aviation airports are difficult to achieve, but they are important because of their effect on the allocation of federal and state airport improvement funds. Impediments to correctly counting aircraft operations include inaccuracies related to the acoustic counters that are commonly used to collect data and errors in the statistical procedures that extrapolate the sample data into meaningful counts. In response to these impediments, the authors developed a measurement technique that uses data from aircraft transponders to determine the occurrence of aircraft operations at these airports. To validate the accuracy of this technique, operations counts calculated from its use at a general aviation airport in the state of Indiana were compared with those obtained from the FAA’s Air Traffic Activity Data System database, which contains official operations data reported by airports with towers. This comparison, which was conducted using data for April 2016, indicated that the new technology provided values within 5% of the 7,837 total operations reported by tower operators. The transponder signal–counting technology thus appears to be an effective and inexpensive means of establishing accurate operations counts not only at these airports but potentially at the more than 2,800 of the 3,331 airports in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems that lack associated air traffic control towers.
Results of Soaked and Unsoaked California Bearing Rate Tests on Unbound Aggregates with Varying Amounts of Fines and Dust Ratios
Authors: Osouli Abdolreza , Salam Sajjad , Othmanawny Goran , Tutumluer Erol , Beshears Sheila , Shoup Heather , Eck Mathew
Published: February 2017

Unbound aggregate base and subbase courses consist of coarse-grained materials with limited percentages of fines (i.e., passing the No. 200 sieve) allowed. The fines are mineral fillers that occupy the void spaces between the sand and gravel-sized particles. An excessive quantity of fines can negatively affect the strength characteristics of unbound aggregate layers, and this effect can easily be aggravated when the matrix is saturated. A set of unsoaked and soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on engineered gradations of unbound aggregate samples so that the effect of soaking on CBR test results could be studied. A detailed comparison between soaked and unsoaked CBR results was carried out by considering various index properties, such as the fines content, plasticity index, and dust ratio (percentage passing the No. 200 sieve divided by the percentage passing the No. 40 sieve). It was found that higher plasticity indexes, such as 9% and 13%, have a negative effect on both soaked and unsoaked CBR values for samples with a dust ratio of 1.0. Samples with a dust ratio of 0.4 were, in general, not influenced by soaking in terms of the CBR index. Moreover, the effect of soaking on strength reduction was noticeable when the fines content was as high as 12% and the dust ratio was greater than 0.6. Furthermore, a correlation between soaked and unsoaked CBR is also proposed on the basis of experimental results obtained from this study.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Nonlinear Optic and Thermal Properties of Two Diiodocarbazole Derivatives
Authors: Tang Gui-Mei , Chi Rui-Hai , Wan Wen-Zhu , Wang Yong-Tao , Cui Yue-Zhi , Ng Seik Weng
Published: February 2017

Two 3,6-diiodocarbazole derivatives were prepared from the iodination of the corresponding phenylcarbazole. 3,6-Diiodo-9-phenylcarbazole crystallises in the chiral space group P21 and shows good second-harmonic generation effects. Thermogravimetric analysis of the two compounds shows high thermal stabilities, in which the decomposition temperature for 1 and 2 are 273 and 308 °C, respectively.
Synthesis of a Ruthenium Complex Based on 2,6-Bis[1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1H-Benzo[d]Imidazol-2-yl]Pyridine and Catalytic Oxidation of (1H-Benzo[d]-Imidazol-2-yl)Methanol to 1H-Benzo[d]Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde with H2O2
Authors: Liu Shenggui , Pan Rongkai , Su Wenyi , Li Guobi , Ni Chunlin
Published: February 2017

2,6-Bis[1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine (bpbp), which has been synthesised by intramolecular thermocyclisation of N2,N6-bis[2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)phenyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, reacts with sodium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pydic) and RuCl3 to give [Ru(bpbp)(pydic)] which can catalyse the oxidation of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol to 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde by H2O2. The optimal reaction conditions were: molar ratios of catalyst to substrate to H2O2 set at 1: 1000: 3000; reaction temperature 50 °C; reaction time 5 h. The yield of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanol was 70%.
Der kurvige Weg zurück in den Arbeitsmarkt: Erwerbsunterbrechungen und Berufswechsel von Müttern nach der Geburt ihres ersten Kindes
Authors: Lutz Katharina
Published: February 2017

Women’s careers in Germany are strongly shaped by employment interruptions following child birth. This article examines the duration of employment interruption and job changes after the birth of a first child, employing the occupational characteristics of the job held before the familyrelated break as central predictors. In line with economic theory of labor supply and the theory of social production function, we argue that mothers compare the benefits of family time and the benefits of employment before they decide to return to the labor market. The empirical analysis uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and reveals that psychological strains in the job held before the birth increase the likelihood of a job change after a family-related break. A high income before the birth accelerates women’s return to the labor market without a job change.

Zusammenfassung

Die Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen sind in Deutschland weiter stark durch familiäre Unterbrechungen geprägt. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet zwei Aspekte des mütterlichen Erwerbsverlaufs nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes: die Dauer bis zur Rückkehr in den Arbeitsmarkt und berufliche Wechsel, und zwar in Abhängigkeit vom vor der Geburt ausgeübten Beruf. Auf Basis der neoklassischen Theorie des Arbeitsangebots und der Theorie der Sozialen Produktionsfunktion wird die These aufgestellt, dass Frauen den Nutzen der Familienzeit mit dem Nutzen der Arbeitszeit vergleichen und der Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt und in den Herkunftsberuf von dieser Nutzenkalkulation abhängt. Die empirische Untersuchung auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels zeigt, dass psychische Belastungen im Herkunftsberuf Frauen nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes eher veranlassen, den Beruf zu wechseln. Ein hohes Einkommen vor der Geburt wirkt beschleunigend auf den Wiedereintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt ohne beruflichen Wechsel.
Designing gender-equalizing parental leave schemes - What can we learn from recent empirical evidence from Europe?
Authors: Dearing Helene
Published: February 2017

This article conducts a systematic review exploring the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour. The reviewed material encompasses quantitative empirical articles that study the effect of a variation in leave policies on mothers’ integration into the labour market and on fathers’ engagement in family work. The analysis focuses on studies that were (i) conducted between January 2000 and May 2014, (ii) conducted in European countries, (iii) published in peer-reviewed journals and (iv) written in English or German. The analysis suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant in designing genderequalizing parental leave schemes. With regard to the effects of leave on mothers’ employment, it seems crucial that the duration of leave and payments provided is of a moderate length. With regard to the effects of leave on fathers’ engagement in family work, it seems most important to provide leave that is explicitly reserved for fathers. In addition, studies consistently find that leave policies affect women very differently with regard to their levels of education and income.

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag erarbeitet eine systematische Literaturanalyse jener empirisch-quantitativen Literatur, die sich mit dem Einfluss von Elternzeit auf eine ausgeglichene Arbeitsaufteilung zwischen Frauen und Männern beschäftigt. Dabei werden jene Studien untersucht, welche 1. Daten aus Europa heranziehen, 2. zwischen Januar 2000 und Mai 2014 durchgeführt, 3. in referierten Zeitschriften publiziert und 4. auf Englisch oder Deutsch verfasst wurden. Die Analyse des Materials erlaubt es, jene Merkmale eines Elternzeitmodells zu identifizieren, welche besonders relevant für eine gleiche Arbeitsaufteilung zwischen Männern und Frauen sind. Erstens ist die Bereitstellung einer mittleren Dauer von Elternzeit besonders wichtig, um die Integration von Frauen auf den Erwerbsarbeitsmarkt zu fördern. Zweitens hat besonders die Einführung eines Elternzeitanspruchs alleine für Väter eine positive Auswirkung auf deren Beteiligung im Bereich der unbezahlten Familienarbeit. Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass sich der Effekt von Elternzeit auf Frauen in der Erwerbsarbeit je nach dem Bildungs- und Einkommensniveau unterschiedlich gestalten kann.
Regelungsaufgabe Paarbeziehungen: Was kann, was darf, was will der Staat?
Authors: Wellenhofer Marina
Published: February 2017

What can, what should, what does the state do? The legislator still can do a lot in law of marriage and cohabitation to serve up more justice in the individual case. Regarding the estate acquired in the course of a marriage the hardship clause of sec. 1378 German Civil Code should be revised in order to allow better reactions to the specifics of the single case. In many cases, the application of existing legislation leads to unfair results. With regard to separation of cohabitees, a legal maintenance obligation should be established because their need for legal protection is partially the same as for married couples. In marriage law, sec. 1357 German Civil Code about the power conferred upon the spouse in the interest of the household should be abolished. In the same way, there is no more need for the rule that the disposal of more than ninety percent of the property of a spouse is subject to the other spouse’s approval. Only transactions concerning the home of the spouses should depend on his or her approval. The same goes for the parallel rules in the law of registered same-sex partnerships.

Zusammenfassung

Was kann, was darf, was will der Staat? Er kann noch einiges tun, um im Recht der Paarbeziehungen für mehr Einzelfallgerechtigkeit zu sorgen. Die Härteklausel des Zugewinnausgleichsrechts müsste neu gefasst werden, um mehr Spielraum für einzelfallgerechte Lösungen zu lassen. Die Anwendung des geltenden Rechts führt in vielen Fällen zu ungerechten Ergebnissen. Für die nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaft sollte ein gesetzlicher Unterhaltsanspruch im Trennungsfall eingeführt werden, denn das Schutzbedürfnis ist hier ganz ähnlich wie bei Ehegatten nach Scheidung. Die eherechtlichen Normen über die Schlüsselgewalt und die Beschränkung der Vermögensverfügung sollten gestrichen werden. Genehmigungsabhängig sollten allein Geschäfte betreffend die Ehewohnung sein. Entsprechendes gilt für die parallelen Normen bei der eingetragenen Lebenspartnerschaft.
Assessment of morbidity and mortality of thyroid surgery
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Rabbani SM Golam , Rashid Md Abdur , Chowdhury M Alamgir , Nihar Fatema , Kamal Mohammad Shah
Published: February 2017

Background: To find out the incidence and types of complications after thyroidectomy.To analyze the factors related to the complications of thyroid surgery.Material and method: The study was carried out at Shahid Suhrawardy medical college and Hospital, Dhaka from July 2007 to June 2008. Fifty patients were selected for the study who were treated by thyroidectomy. The mean patient's age at the time of surgery was 41.9±8.1 years ranged from 10 to 60 years. Data were collected in a prescribed data collection sheet. Then all data were compiled and analyzed.Result: 12% of the patients had transient hypoparathyroidism, 4% had haemorrhage, 2% had permanent hypoparathyroidism, 4% had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy and 2% had permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Other rare complications were superior laryngeal nerve palsy, hematoma, and wound infection.Conclusion: Improved surgical techniques and proper management of complications reduce the postoperative morbidity and mortality of thyroid surgery. In spite of all measures, keen observation in postoperative period is very important to find out the complications for early intervention.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 15-19
Pattern of Psychiatric illness among Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Islam Ahmed Tanjimul , Hussain Mamun , Siddique Md Abdullah , Md Badruddoza Shah
Published: February 2017

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis is very high in Bangladesh. There is a high prevalence of psychiatric illness among tuberculosis patients. But primary care physicians and specialists do not screen this association. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and pattern of psychiatric illness in tuberculosis patients.Methodology: The study population included those patients who were coming for treatment in DOTs corner of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between July 2014 - February 2015 (Eight months). Each patient underwent a detailed psychiatric evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist once they were medically stable. Details included socio-demographic data, psychiatric diagnosis and treatment outcome. All data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS-16.Result: Among the total 350 tuberculosis patients, total 108 patients (31%) were diagnosed with psychiatric problems. Most of them are male (71%), less than 40 years of age (70%) with no previous psychiatric illness (98%). Depression (n=43, 40%) and Anxiety (n=33, 31%) were the commonest psychiatric illness diagnosed. Fear of disease outcome was the commonest precipitating factor found (66%). After the psychiatric treatment, 94% improved clinically.Conclusion: Detecting the level of psychiatric illness among tuberculosis patients at early stage will improve continuation and adherence to treatment. A referral system` to psychiatrists by physicians needs to develop to screen the mental disorder symptoms to treat these co morbidities.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 25-29
Human Resource Requirement Under the Context of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Bangladesh: Current Situation and Future Challenges
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Rahman Md Mahfuzar , Nuruzzaman Md
Published: February 2017

"Human resources" have been described as "the heart of the health system in any country". The fact of health worker shortage in Bangladesh is well documented and regarded as one of the major challenges of the country's health system as mentioned in the national health policy 2011 and also in the strategic plan for health, population and nutrition sector development programme (HPNSDP 2011-2016). Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has got immense attention around the world. This is true that Bangladesh has been able to achieve remarkable progresses on the overall health status. However, considering the growing needs of the health system and rapid transition in the disease pattern (e.g. from communica ble to non communicable), long way to go towards a responsive, competent and equity based health system.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 2: July 2015, P 34-39
Lipid Profiles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- An Update
Authors: Rahman Shahana A , Islam Md Mofizul , Islam Md Imnul
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :88-92
Expanded Programme on Immunization in Bangladesh: A Success Story
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Sarker Nital Kumar , Doulah Sharmim , Bari Tajul Islam A
Published: February 2017

Infections are responsible for the majority of loss of life in children and vaccination has made enormous contribution to public health, including the eradication of one dreaded disease, small pox, and elimination of poliomyelitis from all but a handful of countries. Globally, immunization currently averts an estimated 2 to 3 million deaths every year. In Bangladesh it has prevented an estimated 2 million deaths from 1987- 2000, and continues to prevent approximately 200,000 deaths each year. WHO introduced EPI (Expanded Programme on Immunization) in 1977 at Alma-Ata, the capital of Kazakhastan for the underdeveloped countries. Subsequently Bangladesh has launched EPI programme. Recently AD (Auto Disable) syringes and vaccination against Hepatitis B, H. Influenzae, Measles-Rubella (MR) and Pneumococcus has been introduced in vaccination programme. In Bangladesh, immunization coverage of DPT/PENTA3 was only 16% in 1988 increased significantly to 69% in 1990, 81% in 2000, 90% in 2011and 92% in 2013 which was higher than global coverage of 84% in 2013 and comparable to first world countries. In Pakistan fully immunization coverage in 2010 was only 50%.9 Indian national full immunization coverage was 56% in 1990, 59% in 2000, 74% in 2010 and 74% in 2012 whereas in our country it was 52% in 1991, 53% in 2000, 79% in 2010, 80% in 2011and 81% in 2013 which signifies our excellent success for prevention of communicable diseases in successive years. So, EPI in Bangladesh has been recognized for its sustained high coverage and great contribution to the reduction of childhood morbidity and mortality and it received two GAVI best performance award in 2009 and 2012.Bangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (2) :93-98
Pulse Oximetry Screening in newborn for early detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease - A review
Authors: Sen Sukhendu Shekhar , Mosleh Taskina , Jahan Ismat , Dey Sanjoy Kumer
Published: February 2017

Approximately 9 of 1000 live births have congenital heart disease, of these ~25% have critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Delayed or missed diagnosis of CCHD may result in acute cardiovascular collapse. Echocardiography is a necessary diagnostic tool but its cost is a severe limitation as a universal screening tool. Clinically undetectable hypoxemia is present to some degree in most CCHD and this technique can be used as a screening method for early detection. In 2012, a systematic review involving over 300,000 babies reported that pulse oximetry test is highly specific (99.9%) and moderately sensitive (76.5%) with a low false positive rate (0.05%). The test is simple, feasible, cost effective, highly specific and sufficiently sensitive to qualify for screening test. Parents and caregivers should be informed that pulse oximetry cannot detect all cases of CCHD. A positive test result needs to be confirmed by echocardiography, which is considered as the definitive diagnostic modality. Whenever possible, the echocardiogram should be interpreted by pediatric cardiologistsBangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (3) :148-153
Surgical Resection of Left Atraial Myxoma in A Male Child - A Case Report
Authors: Tarik Khalifa Mahmud , Hossain Makbul , Ahmed Syed Shafi
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (3) :154-156
A Case of Neonatal Hypocalcaemia Due to Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Hasina Ayesha , Hassan M Quamrul
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2015; VOL 39 (3) :157-160
Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) in an Infant - A Case Report
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Hussain Manzoor , Rima Rezoana , Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Echo Nowshika Sharmeen
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :39-43
Bilateral Vesicoureteric Reflux may be a Rare Association in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Habibur , Anjum Md Firoz , Biswas Susmita , Huque Syed Saimul , Begum Afroza
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :44-48
Management of Chylous Ascites with Octreotide in a Bangladeshi Child: A Case Report
Authors: Nurullah Mohammed , Karim ASM Bazlul , Rukunuzzaman Md , Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Begum Fahmida
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :49-51
Rights of The Newborn
Authors: Nahar Nazmun
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :62-63
Determinants of Antibiotics Misuse by the Parents in Children: A Survey From Northern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleem Mohammad Asif , Rahman Md Mizanur , Ishfaq Mateen , Mehmood Kashif , Ahmed Sayed Shabbir
Published: February 2017

Objectives: To investigate knowledge, beliefs and practices associated with parental antibiotic misuse.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among the parents visited 4 major shopping malls (selling medicines) of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia from June to December 2015. Self-prescription of antibiotics for a child in the past year was defined as antibiotic misuse was noted.Results: From 610 parents (60.5% mothers and 39.5% fathers) 11.6% reported selfprescription. Responded parents differed by age, education, number of children and profession. Parents responded that antibiotics should be used for runny nose, sore throat, cough and fever (50%); to reduce symptom severity and duration (57.7%), should be stopped on clinical improvement (28.7%), are effective in viral infections (68.6%) and if used by the other family members should be given to the children (20.1%). Determinants of misuse in a multivariable model, were income, number of kid, type of infection treated last year, knowledge of diseases requiring antibiotics, or being unsure, using same antibiotics used by the other family person, unsure of such use and adjusting for the type of responding parent. Logistic regression model shows that those who incorrectly had knowledge that any type of infection with fever needs to be treated by antibiotics had twice the odds of misusing antibiotic (AOR: 2.17, 95%CL: 1.19-3.96), Parents who believed that it was acceptable to administer the same antibiotics to their children that were used for a similar illness by any other family member in the past; had thrice the Odds of using non-prescribed antibiotics (AOR=3.01, 95% CI=1.77-5.37). Similarly, those who were not sure about the use of prior antibiotics by any other family member were also three times more likely to misuse antibiotics (AOR:3.00,95%CI/ :1.00-9.01). Parents reporting monthly income of less than SAR 5000 had twice the Odds of misusing anti biotics (OR:2.00,95% CI:1.05-3.83).Conclusion: Parents having low income, more than two kids below 12 years age, low education level, inappropriate beliefs and practices are vulnerable for misusing antibiotics in their children.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :64-71
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Liver Diseases
Authors: Mahmud Salahuddin , Ahmed Syed Shafi , Gulshan Jahida , Begum Dilruba , Tasneem Farhana , Parvez Mashud
Published: February 2017

Background: Liver is prone to different diseases including congenital, infections, metabolic and malignancies. Liver biopsy is an aggressive but definitive way to diagnose liver diseases.Objective: To diagnose different types of liver diseases and to determine the safety of percutaneous liver biopsy by disposable Tru-Cut needle.Materials & Methods: A descriptive study was done in the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2014 to January 2016. After getting history, physical examination and ultrasonogram, the biopsy was done with the help of Tru-Cut needle of different sizes under local anesthetics (2% lidocaine) with 3 hours fasting. The biopsy specimens were immediately fixed in 10% formal-saline and alcohol. The tissues were processed in automatic tissue processor under standard condition.Results: Age of the children was 1 month to 12 years with mean age of 3.1 years (3.1±0.763) with a range from 1 month to 12 years and male:female ratio was 1.1:1. The most common histological diagnosis was neonatal hepatitis (23.3%) followed by biliary atresia (16.7%). There were chronic hepatitis (10.0%), glycogen storage disease (10.0%), cirrhosis (6.7%) and hepatoblastoma (6.7%) in moderate frequency. Other cases of least frequency (3.3%) were fatty change, lipid storage disease, intra-hepatic bile duct paucity, congenital hepatic fibrosis and Von Meyenburg complex. Neonatal hepatitis & biliary atresia were common among ?1 year age group and glycogen storage disease, hepatoblastoma & non-specific changes in 1-5 year age group. In the older children (>5 years), chronic hepatitis (10.0%) & cirrhosis (6.6%) were the common causes. Consanguinity was present in storage disease, neonatal hepatitis, congenital hepatic fibrosis, von meyenburg complex and intra-hepatic bile duct paucity. After biopsy, mild pain and discomfort was present in 23 (38.3%) children, while diffuse pain which required analgesics in 11 (18.3%) children without any major complications.Conclusion: Liver biopsy is a useful and practical tool for the diagnosis of pediatric liver diseases. Neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia, storage disorders and chronic hepatitis were common entities in our set up. Consanguinity was more common in hereditary and metabolic liver diseases. Liver biopsy is safe having minimal complications.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :72-78
Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Childhood: A Comprehensive Guideline
Authors: Rukunuzzaman Md , Karim ASM Bazlul , Nurullah Mohammed , Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Rahman Md Atiar , Begum Fahmida
Published: February 2017

This guideline has been written to make familiar childhood hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection management for the pediatrician of Bangladesh. To develop this guideline, local & international data reviewing and several international practice guideline on the management of HBV infection were searched webs. This guideline has been developed to assist pediatric gastroenterologists, pediatricians and other health care providers for the management of HBV in Bangladesh. Objective of these guidelines is to give updated information in the management of HBV infection.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :103-114
Congenital Acinar Dysplasia (CAD): Case Report of an Extremely Rare Cause of Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Authors: Mizanurrahman Abu Foiz Mohammad , Zoani Ahmed Al , Ameri Aahmed Al
Published: February 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :120-123
Study of Bacterial pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and their antibiotic resistance profile in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Setu Sanjida Khondakar , Sattar Abu Naser Ibne , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Roy Chandan Kumar , Ahmed Mushtaque , Muhammadullah Sikder , Kabir Md Humayun
Published: February 2017

Analyzing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens help to overcome the therapeutic difficulties created by the rising antimicrobial resistant bacteria and guides in choosing appropriate antibiotics. Hence, we aimed at evaluating the pathogens causing UTI and study their antibiogram. Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured and appropriate biochemical tests were performed for proper identification of urinary pathogens in BSMMU from January 2013 to December 2013. The most common isolated Gram negative uropathogens were Escherichia coli (63.93%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.09%), other bacterial species, named Pseudomonas spp. Enterobacter Acinetobacter spp. Citrobacter spp Proteus spp. Morganella. Among Gram positive organism S. aureus S. saprophyticus S. agalectiae and Enterococci were found. Urinary tract infections were more prevalent in women than men (61.68% vs. 38.32%). High level of sensitivity was found to imipenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, cefuroxime in most of the isolates. Almost all the test organisms exhibited multiple antibiotic resistances. The high multiple antibiotics resistance identified makes it necessary for antibiotic susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic(s) prescription.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (01): 22-26
Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis from Fine Needle Aspirate by PCR
Authors: Akhter Hasina , Habib Zakir Hossain , Ahmed Imtiaz , Akhter Hafiza , Yusuf Abdullah , Jhora Sanya Tahmina , Lutfor Afzalunnessa Binte
Published: February 2017

Lymph node involvement is the commonest form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of PCR using IS6110 as a target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TB-L) and was done in Microbiology department of Sir Salimullah Medical College from July 2009 to June 2010. Fine needle aspiration was performed on 107 patients with a clinical suspicion of tuberculous lymphadenitis from different hospitals of Dhaka City Corporation area. All the aspirated samples were subjected to culture and PCR for M.tuberculosis. Out of 107 patients with lymphadenopathy most of the patients (85.9%) had cervical lymph node enlargement followed by axillary groups (12.1%) and inguinal groups (1.9%). Out of 107 cases, 65 (60.7%) were PCR positive and 56 (52.3%) were culture positive. Among 51 (47.7%) culture negative cases 9 (17.65) were PCR positive. Sensitivity of PCR was 100% and specificity was 82.4%.The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of PCR were 86.2%, 100% and 91.6% respectively. PCR is the most sensitive in the detection of M.tuberculosis in fine needle aspirate and could be useful technique in establishing the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Faecal calprotectin: A reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Barua Ripon , Nahar Najmun , Sarker Jogendra Nath , Razia Sultana , Sattar Abu Naser Ibne , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Sattar Humayun
Published: February 2017

Faecal calprotectin (FC) is supposed to be a reliable biomarker that quantifies intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This cross sectional study was aimed to determine the role of FC level in screening of suspected IBD patients and monitoring treatment response. This study was conducted by measurement of FC using a commercially available ELISA kit among 50 patients with chronic diarrhea who underwent colonoscopic evaluation (25 IBD cases, 10 other organic bowel diseases and 15 disease control) and 12 healthy control. IBD patients were followed up after one month of medical treatment. FC level showed significantly higher value (p<0.001) among IBD patients (496.7±127.15?g/g) than those in disease control (82.17±75.64?g/g) and healthy control (27±18.2?g/g). Measurement of FC in diagnosing IBD revealed the sensitivity 100%, specificity 66%, PPV 83% and NPV 100%. The FC level decreased significantly (p<0.001) after one month of medical treatment of IBD patients (90±43?g/g) from pre treatment value (607.56±94?g/g). FC can be used as a reliable biomarker in screening of suspected IBD patients and to monitor treatment response.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2014; 08 (01): 12-15
Evaluation of Phenotypic Methods to Identify Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram negative Bacteria
Authors: Paul Shikha , Jhora Sanya Tahmina , Dey Prashanta Prasun
Published: February 2017

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative bacteria are usually multiple drug resistant and their cephalosporin and aztreonam resistance is not reliably detected by susceptibility tests.This study was carried out to find out a cost effective easy standard method to identify ESBL producing bacteria in a laboratory associated with tertiary care hospital and to determine the incidence of ESBL positive bacteria isolated from different clinical specimens. Thereby isolated 124 Gram negative bacteria from various samples were subjected to screening test, double disc synergy test (DDST)and E test ESBL method.Screening test detected 69.35%, DDST identified 37.1% and E test ESBL method confirmed 55.65% ESBL producing strains. Screening test and DDST was compared to E test ESBL method. Considering E test as standard the sensitivity and specificity of screening test were 97.10% and 65.45% respectively and that of DDST were 62.31% and 94.55% respectively. Low specificity of screening test reflects detection of many false positive strains and low sensitivity of DDST signals many missed identification. This study suggested the use of E test ESBL method to confirm screening positive ESBL isolates at microbiology laboratory.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2014; 08 (01): 21-24
Bacteriological profile by blood culture among acute lymphoblastic leukemic children hospitalized with neutropenia and fever in a tertiary level hospital, Bangladesh.
Authors: Ahamed Farook , Begum Shahin Ara , Jobayer Mohammad , Afroz Zeenat , Rahman Mizanur , Shahid Sazzad Bin , Kamrunnesa . , Islam Afiqul
Published: February 2017

Bacterial infection is an important complication among children with cancer, who are under chemotherapy. Bacterimea may occur during chemotherapy, which is an invasive procedure and also due to reduced number of neutrophil count. The study was conducted in a tertiary level hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Bangladesh from March to September 2010. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of bacteria from blood culture among children with febrile neutropenia who were under chemotherapy. Blood samples were collected from 30 febrile neutropenic children and culture was done by traditional culture method using Trypticase soy broth for primary culture. Out of 30 blood samples, culture were positive in 6(20%) and were negative in 24(80%) samples. Two third of the culture positive patients had absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 100 cells/cmm. The isolated organisms were Pseudomonas spp (33.3%) Staphylococcus aureus (33.3%), Esch. coli (16.7%) and Acinetobacter spp (16.7%). Amikacin, imipenem and meropenem were the most effective antibiotics having 100% sensitivity. Blood culture is essential to evaluate the febrile neutropenic children who were under chemotherapy.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2015; 9 (1): 9-12
De l'archive au récit, ou comment écrire le passé à l'imparfait du présent: le cas de l'Histoire des grands-parents que je n'ai pas eus d'Ivan Jablonka
Authors: Bracher Nathan
Published: February 2017

À partir de l'écriture savante et pourtant fort personnelle du passé entreprise par Ivan Jablonka, cet article met en relief les contours d'une historiographie qui, tout en s'inspirant des envolées lyriques de Michelet, ne s'en emploie pas moins à suivre les méthodes de recherche archivistique les plus rigoureuses. Visant à retrouver les traces de ses grands-parents anéantis comme des millions d'autres dans le génocide pour leur restituer en quelque sorte un visage en reconstituant en détail leur itinéraire, le récit remarquablement écrit de Jablonka se heurte à l'imperfection sous forme de lacunes, d'hostilités, d'absence, d'ambiguïté et de parti-pris subjectifs. Or c'est justement sa capacité à exposer au grand jour toutes ces tensions sans renier le formidable élan de Michelet ni déformer les données archivistiques tout en faisant le récit de sa propre écriture qui fait de ce livre un chef d'œuvre de l'écriture du passé à l'imparfait du présent.
Familial Inquest: Building the Case against the Father in Évelyne Le Garrec's La Rive allemande de ma mémoire
Authors: Comfort Kathy
Published: February 2017

Évelyne Le Garrec's La Rive allemande de ma mémoire is what the author calls an ‘auto-reportage’ undertaken in the hopes of healing a lifetime of marginalization. Her mother's German heritage, combined with her collaborationist father's admiration of Hitler's Nationalist Socialism, meant that her self-image was intertwined with les années noires. Through historical documents and interviews with people who knew her father, Le Garrec gathers ‘evidence’ in an effort that resembles a coroner's inquest, thereby bringing to light a multi-generational trauma. Using recent criticism on postmemory and trauma testimony, I examine how Le Garrec's parents' trajectories determine her own.
Brutal Visibility: Framing Majid's Suicide in Michael Haneke's Caché (2005)
Authors: Flood Maria
Published: February 2017

This article considers the figure of Majid in Michael Haneke's Caché (2005) and the cinematic structures that influence both the spectator's and the other protagonists’ ability to place his life within the sphere of the visible and the grievable. The formal tropes that Haneke employs emphasize Majid's exclusion and his impenetrability, as well as generating a persistent anxiety in the spectator around meaning and signification in the film. Drawing on Judith Butler's work on grievability and Jacques Rancière's thinking of visibility and the distribution of the sensible, this article argues that Haneke deliberately constructs a consistent tension between the seen and the unseen of representation, generating an anxious, uncertain rhythm which is violently ruptured by Majid's suicide. This disturbing scene shatters the familiar frames and cadences that have thus far constituted the diegetic space of Caché, imposing a form of brutal visibility upon both Georges and the spectator. Ultimately, this article suggests that this scene forces the spectator into an unavoidable, albeit uncomfortable, form of political recognition, a recognition which points towards wider socio-political exclusions of marginal populations in twentieth- and twenty-first-century France.