bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting metabolisable energy intake by free-ranging cattle using multiple short-term breath samples and applied to a pasture case-study
Authors: Herd R. M. , Arthur P. F. , Hegarty R. S. , Bird-Gardiner T. , Donoghue K. A. , Velazco J. I.
Published: November 2020

Context
Research into improving feed efficiency by ruminant animals grazing pastures has historically been restrained by an inability to measure feed intake by large numbers of individual animals. Recent advances in portable breath measurement technology could be useful for this purpose but methodologies need to be developed.

Aims
To evaluate predictive models for metabolisable energy intake (MEI) by free-ranging cattle using multiple short-term breath samples and then apply these to predict MEI by free-ranging cattle in a historic grazing experiment with cattle genetically divergent for residual feed intake (feed efficiency).

Methods
Predictive models for MEI were developed using bodyweight (BW) data, and carbon dioxide production rate (CPR) and methane production rate (MPR) from multiple short-term breath measurements, from an experiment with long-fed Angus steers on a grain-based diet, and an experiment with short-fed Angus heifers on a roughage diet. Heat production was calculated using CPR and MPR. Energy retained (ER) in body tissue gain by steers was calculated from BW, ADG, initial and final subcutaneous fat depths, and for both groups using feeding-standards equations.

Key results
Metabolic mid-test BW (MBW) explained 49 and 47% of the variation in MEI in the steer and heifer experiment, respectively, and for the steers adding ADG and then subcutaneous fat gain resulted in the models accounting for 60 and then 65% of the variation in MEI. In the steer experiment, MBW with CPR explained 57% of the variation in MEI, and including MPR did not account for any additional variation. In the heifer experiment, MBW with CPR explained 50%, and with MPR accounted for 52% of the variation in MEI. Heat production plus ER explained 60, 35 and 85% of the variation in MEI in the steer and the heifer experiments, and in the pooled data from both experiments, respectively.

Conclusions
Multiple short-term breath measurements, together simple BW data, can be used to predict MEI by free-ranging cattle in studies in which animals do not have feed-intake or ADG recorded.

Implications
This methodology can be used for research into improving feed efficiency by farm animals grazing pastures.
La marque d’intensification des comparatives proverbiales en français et en espagnol
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude
Published: November 2020

Cette étude vise à expliquer les différences de comportement des comparatives à parangon Adj. comme/ como
GN du français et de l’espagnol. L’analyse se fonde sur une étude à la fois synchronique et diachronique.
Cyclic deterministic bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation with maximally seven-qubit entangled state
Authors: Zhang Wanbin , Li Baosheng , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: November 2020

In a local quantum network, multi-qubits in various entangled states might be distributed in different remote nodes due to some peculiar demands. In this paper we consider a seven-qubit entangled state in a given qubit distribution among three participants and study its capacity in quantum teleportation (QT). To be specific, we put forward three controlled QT schemes utilizing the state. In each scheme QT can be deterministically and bidirectionally realized between two participants with another as the controller.
Analysis and Calculation of Power System for Medium Voltage AC Electric Propulsion Ship
Authors: Wei Jiang , Zhuo Chen
Published: November 2020

This paper introduces the advantages of integrated electric propulsion system in large and medium-sized ships. The short circuit current, grounding fault, harmonic and voltage drop in the design of medium voltage AC integrated power system are calculated and analyzed. Taking a real ship as an example, the power system design is completed.
Design and Implementation of the Intelligent controller for Electric Ship
Authors: Zhang Ze Yu , Yi Xia
Published: November 2020

As an important device in the power system of electric ship, the intelligent controller plays a key role in improving the real-time monitoring and reducing external hard-wire connections. This article introduces the design and implementation of the intelligent controllers which based on ARM controllers, the controller use STM32 series microcontrollers based on the Cortex-M3 core as the core controller, design IO conditioning circuits, GPIO conditioning circuits, and network communication circuits and so on. Also the article carry out the controller testing and the real ship application. The equipment has the characteristics of high reliability, miniaturization and modularization. The successful development of this equipment has improved the degree of automation of electric boats greatly, and has a positive effect on fault monitoring and fault analysis of the power system of electric ship.
Research on Intelligent Search Framework Technology Oriented to Monitoring of Power Grid Dispatching Equipment
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Chen Tan , Liu Shengnan
Published: November 2020

The development of power grid dispatching and monitoring services puts forward new requirements for the digitization and intelligence of dispatching systems. This paper combined grid control data and business characteristics to study the intelligent search framework for grid dispatch monitoring, as well as key technologies such as thesaurus modeling, power feature word segmentation algorithm, multi-factor correlation ranking algorithm, and power knowledge graph association modeling, and developed a smart search application for the power grid that regulates and controls the cloud, to implement search for power grid equipment models, equipment operations, monitoring events, services, etc. It can carry out comprehensive, accurate, fast and intelligent retrieval of the monitoring operation data of mass dispatching equipment, which provides strong support for the management and decision-making of dispatching equipment monitoring business.
Application of Visible Image and LiDAR Point Cloud Fusion Technology in Distribution Network Tree Barrier Inspection
Authors: Jinqiu Wu , Hanjun Liu , Jiakai Yang , Yuhao Chen
Published: November 2020

Aiming at the problems of poor visual effect and low accuracy of single use of LiDAR or visible light camera for tree barriers inspection in distribution corridors, the LiDAR point cloud data and visible light image data are obtained simultaneously through UAV carrying integrated system. First, the LiDAR point cloud data are de-noised, filtered and classified, and the ground and non-ground laser point clouds are separated. Then, the laser point cloud data and visible image data are set up in the same coordinate system by coordinate conversion. Then, the spectral information of visible image is assigned to the corresponding point cloud, and the 3D real scene image of point cloud is reproduced to realize the function of identifying and analyzing the hidden trouble of distribution corridor tree barrier. It greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of tree barriers hidden trouble inspection, and the visual effect is intuitive.
Seismic analysis and retrofitting countermeasure for 1315 kV capacitor with multi-column posts
Authors: Lin Sen , Cheng Yongfeng , Lu Zhicheng , Sun Yuhan
Published: November 2020

A number of power substations and converter stations are inevitably built in high earthquake intensity regions. There are many types of electrical equipment with multi-column posts in power substations and converter stations. The PLC/RI capacitor with high seismic vulnerability is a typical electrical equipment with multi-column posts. A 1315 kV PLC/RI capacitor was modeled and analyzed using finite element technique. The modal analysis results show that the primary frequency of the capacitor is close to the earthquake dominant frequency. Additionally, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th order frequencies are within the range of the flat segment of the seismic response spectrum. After performing seismic analysis, the most fragile location was identified, that is the porcelain insulator at the bottom of the capacitor. The stress safety factor of the porcelain insulator is 0.71, which indicates the capacitor does not meet the seismic requirement for peak ground acceleration (PGA) = 0.3 g. To improve the seismic performance of capacitor with multi-column posts, enhancing connection stiffness of the structure is proposed. Based on this countermeasure, the thickness of the connecting plate between the upper hollow composite insulators and the porcelain insulators at the bottom of capacitor was increased from 20 mm to 50 mm. After the optimization, the 1315kV PLC/RI capacitor satisfies the seismic requirement for PGA value of 0.3 g.
Hybrid tram energy management based on PMP
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhao Bin , Zhang Chi , Ji Qiao , Yin Ze
Published: November 2020

Dynamic programming is often used to solve the global optimization problem of hybrid energy storage tram. However, the amount of calculation is too large, resulting in the calculation time is too long. To solve this problem, an energy management strategy (EMS) based on Pontriagin minimum principle (PMP) is proposed. Through the analysis of Hamilton function, the optimal control path is obtained by solving the minimum value each time. The global optimization problem is changed into instantaneity, and the calculation speed is fast. The simulation results show that the energy management strategy based on PMP can ensure the normal operation of tram. Keep the bus voltage of hybrid energy storage tram within a reasonable range. Compared with the energy management method based on rule control, the power consumption is reduced by 9%.
Affine-Type Model of Variable Renewable Energy and Its Application in the Uncertain Power Flow
Authors: Huang Gengye , Shao Zhenguo , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2020

The intermittent variable renewable energy (VRE) results in uncertainty in distribution networks, and the existing affine iterative algorithm cannot consider the characteristics of VRE. To deal with such issues, an affine-type model of VRE considering its regulation characteristics was proposed in this paper. Furthermore, an alternating iterative algorithm based on Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm was proposed, which can consider both power flow equations and the VRE models. Finally, the effectiveness of the affine-type model of VRE and the affine iterative algorithm were evaluated on the modified IEEE 33-bus system and PG&E 69-bus system. The simulation results showed that the proposed method has sufficient completeness and slight conservativeness. Moreover, the proposed method with VRE models is superior over Monte Carlo method, particularly in terms of calculation burden.
AGC optimization of supercritical heating unit
Authors: Liu Enren , Yan Qing , Li Yanyan , Shi Shuo , Li Jun , Gao Song , Yu Qingbin
Published: November 2020

A 330MW supercritical coal-fired unit, the unit undertakes the task of industrial steam supply all year round, with a rated steam supply flow of 250t/h. Due to the poor heat storage capacity of the unit and the large industrial steam supply of the unit, the unit is not performing well in the AGC-PROPR mode, Periodic large fluctuations in main steam pressure affect the safety of the unit, AGC performance indicators do not meet the requirements, and this unit is often evaluated by the power grid. In order to improve the AGC adjustment performance of the unit, increase the conversion circuit of heating load and electric load, improve the logic of steam turbine main control, boiler main control and fuel main control, and optimize the PID parameters in a targeted manner. Through optimization, the main steam pressure of the unit does not fluctuate greatly, and the K1, K2, K3 indicators meet the requirements.
Hidden danger and Optimization for the DEH Logic of STC-Siemens Ultra Supercritical Unit
Authors: Du Zhizheng , Qi Zhenye , Zhou Guangfei
Published: November 2020

With the wide application of STC-Siemens ultra supercritical unit technology, the structure design and control logic of the turbine electro-hydraulic control system (DEH) are also popularized. However, due to the defects of Siemens DEH logic design and the unavoidable mistakes of STC auto control center in the process of translating Siemens DEH logic, some hidden dangers of this type of unit are gradually exposed, which affects the reliability and safety of the unit. It is mentioned in this paper that due to the hidden trouble of ATT test logic, during the process of ATT test, 12% command signal of regulating valve setting is sent out, and the unit abnormal shutdown; When the unit is put into the AGC mode to track the AGC command, the logic hidden danger causes triggering of the quick closing condition C20 of the regulating valve (the deviation between the flow instruction converted by the valve feedback and the actual flow instruction is greater than 40%), and the unit abnormal shutdown. In order to solve these problems, the optimization suggestions of DEH logic are put forward, in order to improve the reliability of unit operation. It provides a reference for this type of unit.
Feeder Fault Warning of Distribution Network Based on XGBoost
Authors: Cai Jing , Cai Yangyang , Cai Hui , Shi Shuilan , Lin Yanting , Xie Miaohong
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the historical observation data of the power grid are used to build a predictive model of power outages for distribution network by using machine learning methods. By judging whether the distribution transformer network is about to fail, the maintenance and troubleshooting of the distribution network can be achieved in advance, thereby fundamentally reducing the occurrence of power fault of the distribution transformer. The data covers several dimensions such as distribution network loads, equipment ledgers, historical faults, weather and so on. The experiments show that the proposed method based on XGBoost is valid and efficiency for feeder fault early warning.
Analysis of the Influence of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Station Grid Connection on Distribution Network Relay Protection
Authors: Yin Zhilong , Wang Zhiguo , Xue Shuilian
Published: November 2020

With the improvement of China’s economic level and the continuous development of the power industry, the current photovoltaic power supply has been welcomed by more and more users as a new type of energy in the power field. For the power generation field, it can promote the power resources Production and development. Since the implementation of the distributed photovoltaic power plant grid connection in my country, it has also had a large impact on the relay protection of the distribution network. This article has analyzed this.
Optimal Scheduling of Park Integrated Energy System Based on Multi-energy Complementary
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Cao Youmin
Published: November 2020

For the park level integrated energy system with renewable energy access, in order to optimize the operation cost of the park and solve the problem of renewable energy consumption, this paper proposes a day ahead optimized scheduling model of the park integrated energy system, which provides an effective solution for renewable energy consumption by considering the coordination of energy conversion and energy storage equipment to achieve multi-energy complementarity. Finally, an example is given to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.
Multi objective transmission network expansion planning considering wind power uncertainty and scenario reduction
Authors: Piao ZheYong , Chen MingYue , Li ShouQiang , Li HaiYan
Published: November 2020

Under the background of large-scale new energy grid connection, the selection of grid connection point affects the grid structure to be expanded. The intermittence of wind power and the correlation with load also affect the voltage and line safety of each node in the grid. In order to accurately describe the uncertainty factors such as wind power output, multi scenario stochastic simulation technology and reduction method are used to establish multi scenario to accurately describe multi-point wind power and load uncertainty; At the same time, a multi-objective transmission network expansion planning model considering the cost of investment, operation and reliability is established. The effectiveness of the model is verified by IEEE 30 bus simulation. It shows that the accuracy and rationality of transmission network expansion planning can be improved by scenario reduction.
Operation optimization of AC/DC hybrid distribution network considering uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Wang Jiawei , Hu Ende , Zhang Zhi , Yang Yanhui , Wang Sixian
Published: November 2020

In order to solve a series of problems such as the increase of AC/DC hybrid distribution network loss caused by the uncertainty of wind and solar output. Based on the uncertainty theory, wind power plants and photovoltaic power generation are modeled, and a power flow calculation method for AC/DC distribution networks is proposed. Considering that when consuming fixed distributed generation, the minimum network loss is the objective function, and a particle swarm optimization-based AC/DC operation optimization method is proposed. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by simulation examples.
Material development approach matching to an injection moulding rejuvenation for cable insulation failure
Authors: You XinYu , Zhao YongXiang , Wang JunGuo , Liu ZhiWei
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to construct a material developing approach matching to an injection moulding rejuvenation technique for cable insulation failure. The work starts from a chemical composition testing to the cable original insulation material. The applied composition should be determined by considerations of property requirements, including insulation, mechanical behaviour and environmental adaptability. In addition, a stable and standard manufacture technology should be groped to assure having a stable repair quality. Finally, proper material should be verified by testing for meeting normal the cable insulation requirements. By the above approach, typical material development is performed and the results by a code-based insulation property testing reveal the present approach has successfully been applied to develop a proper material matching to injection moulding rejuvenation technique for cable insulation failure.
Optimal operation of biomass integrated energy system in villages and towns
Authors: Li Shouqiang , Liu Wenxia , Wang Jing , Liu Zongqi
Published: November 2020

In order to improve the efficiency of energy utilization, improve the energy structure of villages and towns, and promote the efficient application of biomass energy in villages and towns, an integrated energy system (IES) with biomass energy as the core is constructed, and a two-stage optimization method of IES considering the loss of heat supply network is proposed. In the first stage, considering the loss of heat supply network and taking the minimum total heat supply as the objective, the outlet temperature of multi heating equipment is optimized. Then, the output mechanism of biomass cogeneration is analyzed and its output model is established. Considering the whole process of biomass transportation, storage and treatment, the energy supply cost model is established. In the second stage, the output operation optimization of each equipment of IES is carried out with the goal of maximum daily income. The results show that the model is effective, the complexity of the problem is reduced by two-stage optimization, the biomass utilization efficiency is improved by cogeneration, and better benefits can be obtained by constructing biomass energy IES.
Research on Harmonic elimination Feedback Control Technology of Sine Wave Inverter Based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory
Authors: Tiancheng Ji , Yingchuan Qi , Hongtao Zhao , Liyan Dai
Published: November 2020

Aiming at more and more occasions where the sine wave output inverter is used for power supply of a non-linear load, the sine wave output waveform distortion of the inverter caused by the non-linear load is serious. The feedback control strategy of sine wave inverter based on instantaneous reactive power is proposed. Through the fundamental wave instantaneous tracking feedback control based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the detection and feedback control of the output harmonic signal, this paper realizes the ability of the inverter to maintain the output waveform with high sine degree and low distortion under various load conditions, it guarantees the error-free control of the fundamental wave and has a good dynamic response performance. This solution has the advantages of easy controller stability design and good implementability. The simulation circuit is built by Matlab / Smiulink, and the correctness of the theory is verified by the simulation results.
Ku-band 360-W Pulsed Solid-State Power Amplifier with Excellent Comprehensive Performance
Authors: Shen Shengqi
Published: November 2020

A design method of solid-state amplifier based on hybrid power-combining technique is presented in this paper. Also a 360-W pulsed solid-state power amplifier (PSSPA) constituted of 32 monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit power amplifiers (MMIC PA) operating in Ku band is designed successfully using this method. The PSSPA mainly consists of three stages of power-combining circuits and one stage of Wilkinson power-amplify module array. The power-combining circuits are respectively based on rectangular waveguide, coaxial line and microstrip line. The proposed combiner structures have the advantages of high power capacity, high power-combining efficiency and easy heat sink design. The measured results indicated that, in the frequency range of 15.5 GHz-16.5 GHz, the average output power is 362 W and the average active power-combining efficiency is 86.95%.
Research on time-division analog multiplier for 50ppm reference electrical energy meter
Authors: Yan Du , Lin Chen , Jun Ma , Hong Zhang , Xin-Hua Zhou , Wen-Zhi Chen
Published: November 2020

Time-division analog multiplier is the measurement core of reference electrical energy meter. The measurement accuracy of time-division analog multiplier is improved by using signal conversion and phase lock technologies and symmetrical triangle wave generator. Signal conversion and phase-locked technology will be measured signal and triangle wave generator of time division multiplier correlation processing, to achieve triangle wave generator of time division power multiplier and measured signal full cycle synchronization. A symmetrical triangle wave generator with reference level accuracy is developed, which makes the measurement accuracy of time-division analog multiplier reached 20ppm and meet the measurement requirements of 50ppm reference electrical energy meter.
Research on Security Control Mechanism of Power Distribution IoT Based on Trusted Computing
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Qiang , Zhou Bo , Chen Wei , Xu Xiaotian , Gong Gangjun
Published: November 2020

Performing an in-depth study on the Power Internet of Things (IoT), it is known that the distribution network faces higher security risks due to a large number of terminals, various types of equipment, and the flexible access of each device to the distribution network structure and dynamic boundary. Therefore, it is urgent to make significant research on the security control mechanism for the power distribution Internet of Things, to realize the safe access of IoT devices in the Power IoT. Firstly, this paper analyses the shortage of power system security under the background of the IoT. Secondly, trusted computing technology is represented by the TrustZone and is deeply studied, and the feasibility of its application for the security of power distribution IoT is analyzed. Furthermore, the TrustZone-based security management and control architecture for power distribution novel IoT equipment is proposed, and its integrity measurement and trusted network connection process are analyzed. Finally, the security of this architecture is analyzed briefly.
Development of a Coal Mine environment Spherical Simulator
Authors: Fang Yiming , Li Qing , Chen Zhemin
Published: November 2020

A spherical coal mine environment simulator is developed. The spherical simulator is used to study the coal mine environment interference factors on the light scattering dust detector. The device can control the dust particle size, concentration, distribution and the environmental humidity as required. The best mixing plan of particles through simulation is established. Wireless transmission is realized between the sensor and the host computer.
Discussion and Research on informatization of Power Grid Infrastructure Project management
Authors: Ren Yu , Chai Linjie , Wang Lihuan , Ren Yaning , Shen Xiangliang , Gong Shijie , Gao Fan , Chu LI
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the electric energy demand is increasing, and in recent years, it has been in the stage of rapid construction of power grid projects. Xiongan New Area begins to build substantively, and its tremendous leading and demonstration effect will gradually play a role. In the future, power grid construction will surely develop towards higher quality and efficiency. It is an inevitable trend to adopt advanced information technology to carry out project management. This paper will elaborate the related contents of power grid infrastructure project management and information management, make a thorough analysis of the current situation of power grid infrastructure project management informatization, discuss several factors that restrict the development of information technology, and put forward substantive suggestions for improving information management. Finally, this paper presents a management information system for power grid infrastructure projects.
Sulfur-doped porous carbon derived from waste polyphenylene sulfide for efficient adsorption removal of Cd2+ from simulated wastewater
Authors: Su Wentao , Tang Wenxiao , Zhu Zeping , Liu Yachun
Published: November 2020

Sulfur-doped porous carbon materials were prepared from waste polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide as activator. The elemental composition (sulfur content) and the number of acid oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the samples were determined by elemental analysis and Boehm method, respectively. The effects of preparation temperature and adsorption conditions on the removal of Cd2+ from simulated wastewater were studied according to the amount of cadmium removal. The results showed that the sulfur-doped porous carbon materials prepared under the optimal preparation conditions had better adsorption properties as compared to HNO3 modified bamboo-derived biochar. This result is mainly due to the Lewis acid-base interaction between sulfur and Cd2+ in addition to the coordination of Cd2+ and oxygen-containing groups on the surface. Under the optimal adsorption conditions, the removal of cadmium in simulated wastewater can reach 98.74%. In conclusion, this cheap porous carbon material may be a useful adsorbent for cadmium.
New Type of Quenching Medium—Aerosol Quenching Research Summary
Authors: Wei Liuchuang , Wei Ping
Published: November 2020

Heat treatment has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of steel. In the heat treatment process of steel, the quenching process is particularly important. The quenching process largely determines the final quality and performance of the material. Compared with the traditional quenching process, the aerosol quenching process has many advantages. Adjusting the pressure of air and water, the cooling rate of the gas mist is between static air cooling and flowing water cooling, and the cooling rate is controllable, which can realize the ideal quenching cooling process. The components of the aerosol are water and gas in the air, with low energy consumption and no pollution. This article summarizes the research status of aerosol quenching based on traditional quenching process and new quenching process.
Comment on ‘On the relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown and global surface warming’
Authors: Chen Xianyao , Tung Ka-Kit
Published: November 2020

The recent Environmental Research Letters article by Caesar, Rahmstorf and Feulner (hereafter CRF) is essentially a Comment on our Nature paper (Chen and Tung 2018 Nature
559 387–91), but without an accompanying rebuttal from us. In this unusual format for the exchange outside Nature, our rebuttal then becomes a Comment here at Environmental Research Letters. Our original proposal that the rate of global warming is enhanced by a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) remains valid and is strengthened with this exchange. CRF used “established evidence” to argue against our finding, but such evidence is either misapplied (i.e. applying model results from preindustrial control runs with constant greenhouse gasses to the industrial era with increasing greenhouse gasses), or misinterpreted (i.e. climate model results for the industrial era specifically for the trends interpreted as for the AMOC cycles). While we used the observed energy budget to show that a strong (weak) AMOC transports more (less) heat to below 200 m, CRF replaces the actual budget with a simple energy-balance equation. They used an inappropriate equilibrium approximation to their simple equation to argue that global mean surface temperature (GMST) and AMOC should be in phase. We show here that the exact solution to that same equation actually supports our claim on the relationship between the rate of change of GMST and the AMOC state, which they misunderstood as we claiming a negative correlation between GMST and AMOC themselves. They claimed, incorrectly, that a positive correlation coefficient, no matter how small and even though none of them is statistically significant, is strong evidence that the two time series are in phase. The correlation coefficients that they found using observational data (0.01, 0.28 and 0.45), though positive, correspond to

89
∘

,

74
∘

,

63
∘

out of phase, far from being in-phase. Visually they were made to look somewhat in-phase with decadal smoothing and short-period detrending. Both model and observational evidence supports the conclusion of our original paper that the period of AMOC minimum is a period of rapid rate of surface warming.
Evaluation of CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations of historical surface air temperature extremes using proper evaluation methods
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Thordis L , Sillmann Jana , Haugen Marion , Gissibl Nadine , Sandstad Marit
Published: November 2020

Reliable projections of extremes by climate models are becoming increasingly important in the context of climate change and associated societal impacts. Extremes are by definition rare events, characterized by a small sample associated with large uncertainties. The evaluation of extreme events in model simulations thus requires performance measures that compare full distributions rather than simple summaries. This paper proposes the use of the integrated quadratic distance (IQD) for this purpose. The IQD is applied to evaluate CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations of monthly maximum and minimum near-surface air temperature over Europe and North America against both observation-based data and reanalyses. Several climate models perform well to the extent that these models’ performance is competitive with the performance of another data product in simulating the evaluation set. While the model rankings vary with region, season and index, the model evaluation is robust against changes in the grid resolution considered in the analysis. When the model simulations are ranked based on their similarity with the ERA5 reanalysis, more CMIP6 than CMIP5 models appear at the top of the ranking. When evaluated against the HadEX2 data product, the overall performance of the two model ensembles is similar.
Evaluation of the biochar effect on co-contaminated soils by the fitotesting method
Authors: Barakhov Anatoly , Minkina Tatiana , Sushkova Svetlana , Dudnikova Tamara , Barbashev Andrey , Lobzenko Ilia , Chernikova Natalia , Kalinitchenko Valery
Published: November 2020

In the conditions of the adjacent location of agricultural land with industrial land, there is a continuous soil contamination of the territories adjacent to the emission sources. There is a threat of hazardous ecotoxicants migration, including heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene, one of the main persistent compound, the marker of soil PAHs pollution, along trophic chains, which can be dangerous for a public health. In this study, the technology of biochar manufacturing from sunflower husks tested for improving the territories adjacent to technogenic emissions sources of heavy metals and PAHs. Using scanning electron microscopy showed that the resulting sorbent has a high specific surface area. With the help of phyto-testing, the optimal dose of the sorbent introduction into the combined contaminated soil was determined in the level of the 1% and 2%. The use of a sorbent in an amount of 1% significantly increased the root length of the test culture by 3.5 times as compared to the variant without adding the sorbent. The biochar applying into the contaminated soil contributed to an increase in the length of the barley root that confirms the effectively of the developed sorbent remediation of the co-contaminated soils.
A framework to assess success criteria performance of public private partnership (PPP) toll road projects in Indonesia
Authors: Kristiawan F , Rohman M A , Machsus
Published: November 2020

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is widely used to bridge infrastructure projects in the world. PPP arises as a result of the ongoing budget constraints faced by various governments and part of the limited private sector opportunities in infrastructure development. In Indonesia, the implementation of PPP has not been successfully implemented. In 2017, 22 PPP projects were offered, but only 5 projects were signed. According to previous studies, there are some problems related to PPP implementation in Indonesia. Referring to this, PPP project success criteria are very important to be defined to assess the success of this type of project. Data collection procedure consists of preliminary survey involving experts in the field to verify the research attributes, followed by main survey to collect respondents’ perception regarding the attributes using Likert Scale. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is proposed to measure the performance of each success criterion in each respondent sector and followed by gap analysis to investigate critical gaps between them. The results of this paper are a methodological framework model that presents a gap implementation and a performance of the successful PPP criteria for toll road projects in Indonesia. These results can be used to assess the performance of PPPs in Indonesia.
Evaluation of the maturity level and critical success factors of the knowledge management implemented in state-owned construction company in Indonesia
Authors: Septari A W , Latief Y
Published: November 2020

The implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) is considered a sustainable approach to overcome the challenges in the increasingly competitive construction field. This means there is a need to recognize the importance of this concept as a strategic asset to improve organizational performance in the industry. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of KM implementation in State-Owned Construction Company (SOCC) in Indonesia. The research was conducted in three stages with the first focusing on the KM maturity level (KMML) while the second was on KM critical success factor (KM CSF). Both stages made use of literature review, expert validation, and questionnaires but KMML was developed using a spreadsheet to identify strengths and future development of KM factors while KM CSF was formulated with the use of descriptive analysis and Relative Importance Index to rank KM factors. Furthermore, the third stage involved recommended strategies to improve KM using literature review, gap analysis, and expert validation. The results showed the KMML of SOCC is at level 3 of 5, 7 CSFs ranking based on the level of importance and the KM culture factor was recommended to be prioritized to improve KM implementation in SOCC in Indonesia.
The selection of the International Port Design Standards applicable for Indonesia
Authors: Dyah I W , Fuddoly
Published: November 2020

As of today, almost all the engineer, experts, and student in Indonesia face confusion and edginess concerning designing of Port Infrastructure, mainly due to the absence of a design Standards legally valid for domestic purpose. On the other hand, several standards or guide lines or codes are available and internationally recognized and applied in many places for many years solely without unaffiliated standards. 3 (three) International standards are selected for evaluation to be thoroughly adapted to the Design Standards of Indonesia are British Standards (BS 6349), the German Standards (EAU 2004), and the Standards Design Criteria for Port and Harbor in Japan (OCDI, 2009). The criteria applied during evaluation and selection process based on the observation output from about 300 selected projects within Indonesia. Finally, the British Standards proved to give the best matched for the condition of Indonesia.
Numerical rainfall-runoff model of Cimanuk Watershed before and after the operation of Jatigede Reservoir
Authors: Widayati R M , Lasminto U
Published: November 2020

Cimanuk watershed is one of the watersheds in West Java that has critical land. Critical land resulted in a Cimanuk watershed becomes a flood and drought. The management of Cimanuk Watershed water availability is done by regulating water supply from the Cimanuk River with the contruction of Jatigede Reservoir. The watershed hydrological process is the relationship between inputs in the form of rainfall, process, and output in the form of runoff. The process of converting rainfall into runoff is very complex, therefore, simplifying the rainfall-runoff model approach is needed. Hydrologic Engineering Center-hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is one of the models for simulating rainfall into runoff. The purpose of the study is to simulate the availability of water surface at Cimanuk Hulu watershed using HEC-HMS hydrological modeling system based on before and after the operation of Jatigede reservoir. The results showed that the calibration of the model produced an NSE value of 0,640. On the other hand, the best validation results was in 2018 with NSE of 0,576 with the peak discharge value before the operation of the reservoir was of 456,8 m
3/s, and after modified with the presence of Jatigede Reservoir, peak discharge became 131,9 m
3/s.
Analysis of water surface profile and flood discharge of Cijangkelok river
Authors: Sjarief A W P , Lasminto U
Published: November 2020

The downstream of Cisanggarung River Basin is often affected by floods with an increasing degree of intensity every year. For instance, the 2017 severe floods caused economic losses and fatalities, especially along the border of Cirebon and Brebes Regency. The flood was attributed to high rainfall intensity and the meeting point between Cisanggarung River and the Cijangkelok River. Therefore, a study on the flood in this area is highly vital to reduce the affected area in the future. This study aims to analyze the maximum flood discharge capacity in the Cijangkelok River and analyze cross-sectional river capacity using numerical model simulations. Based on the hydrological calculations and analysis, it is known that the planned flood discharge in the Cijangkelok River in the 5-year return period is 256,25 m3/s, the 10-year return period is 310,35 m3/s, the 25-year return period is 392,91 m3/s, and the 50-year return period is 465,93 m3/s. The analysis of the water surface profile of each flood discharge return period shows that overflow occurs in the cross-section 4090, 8254, 9166, 9753, and 11970. It is also revealed that the existing cross-section of the Cijangkelok River is unable to accommodate hydrological discharge. Field visit results show that the river has siltation or sedimentation, the river embankments are irregular, and land-use changes around the Cijangkelok River that affects the river.
Hall-Petch relationship of interstitial-free steel with a wide grain size range processed by asymmetric rolling and subsequent annealing
Authors: Fu Bin , Pei Chenghao , Pan Hongbo , Guo Yanhui , Fu Liming , Shan Aidang
Published: November 2020

Asymmetric rolling (ASR) is an efficient processing for fabricating ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials. In the present investigation, interstitial-free (IF) steels with the grain size ranged from 500 nm to 500 μm were obtained by asymmetric rolling and subsequent annealing. The evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of IF steel were studied. Accordingly, the Hall-Petch relationship of IF steel with a wide grain size range was established. It was found that ultimate tensile strength (UTS) corresponds well to the Hall-Petch relationship over the whole grain size range. However, the yield strength (YS) and hardness deviated from the Hall-Petch relationship as the grain size is larger than 100 μm, which is mainly attributed to the slight effect of grain boundary as obstacle on the dislocation movement and/or pile-up under small deformation in coarse grain (CG).
A comparison of two national frailty scoring systems
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Housley Gemma , Watkins Alan , Clegg Andrew , Gilbert Thomas , Conroy Simon P
Published: November 2020

Background

The electronic Frailty Index (eFI) has been developed in primary care settings. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) was derived using secondary care data.

Objective

Compare the two different tools for identifying frailty in older people admitted to hospital.

Design and Setting

Retrospective cohort study using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank, comprising 126,600 people aged 65+ who were admitted as an emergency to hospital in Wales from January 2013 up until December 2017.

Methods

Pearson’s correlation coefficient and weighted kappa were used to assess the correlation between the tools. Cox and logistic regression were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs). The Concordance statistic and area under the receiver operating curves (AUROC) were estimated to determine discrimination.

Results

Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.26 and the weighted kappa was 0.23. Comparing the highest to the least frail categories in the two scores the HRs for 90-day mortality, 90-day emergency readmission and care home admissions within 1-year using the HFRS were 1.41, 1.69 and 4.15 for the eFI 1.16, 1.63 and 1.47. Similarly, the ORs for inpatient death, length of stay greater than 10 days and readmission within 30-days were 1.44, 2.07 and 1.52 for the HFRS, and 1.21, 1.21 and 1.44 for the eFI. AUROC was determined as having no clinically relevant difference between the tools.

Conclusions

The eFI and HFRS have a low correlation between their scores. The HRs and ORs were higher for the increasing frailty categories for both the HFRS and eFI.
Factors Associated With Persistence and Clearance of High-Risk Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Among Participants in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study
Authors: Bettampadi Deepti , Sirak Bradley A , Abrahamsen Martha E , Reich Richard R , Villa Luisa L , Ponce Eduardo Lazcano , Giuliano Anna R
Published: November 2020

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV)–attributable oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) incidence is increasing in many high-income countries among men. Factors associated with oral HPV persistence, the precursor of HPV-OPC, are unknown. Data from the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study, which followed participants >7 years, were utilized to examine rates of persistence and associated factors.

Methods

Oral gargle samples from 3095 HIM study participants were HPV genotyped using the SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 assay (DDL Diagnostic Laboratory). Oral HPV persistence for individual and grouped high-risk HPV types among 184 men positive for any high-risk HPV at their oral baseline visit was assessed at 6-month intervals. Factors associated with grouped high-risk HPV/HPV16 persistence were examined using logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to examine median time to HPV clearance overall, and by selected risk factors.

Results

Among the 7 HPV vaccine types, HPV33 had the longest median duration (7.6 months) followed by HPV16 and HPV45 (6.4 months). 10–30% of oral high-risk HPV infections persisted ≥24 months. Six months’ persistence of oral high-risk HPV infections was positively associated with age and gingivitis and negatively with lifetime number of sexual partners, while 12 months’ persistence was only inversely associated with lifetime number of sexual partners. Oral HPV16 persistence was positively associated with baseline HPV16 L1 antibody status.

Conclusions

Eighteen percent of HPV16 infections persisted beyond 24 months, potentially conferring higher risk of HPV-OPC among these men. Older age appears to be an important factor associated with oral high-risk HPV persistence. More studies among healthy men are required to understand the progression of oral HPV infection to HPV-OPC.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin, Natriuretic Peptide, and Long-Term Risk of Acute Kidney Injury: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Ishigami Junichi , Kim Yuhree , Sang Yingying , Menez Steven P , Grams Morgan E , Skali Hicham , Shah Amil M , Hoogeveen Ron C , Selvin Elizabeth , Solomon Scott D , Ballantyne Christie M , Coresh Josef , Matsushita Kunihiro
Published: November 2020

Background

Cardiac markers such as high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) are predictors of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization for surgery or revascularization. However, their associations with the long-term risk of AKI in the general population are uncharacterized.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in 10 669 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (visit 4, 1996–1998, mean age, 63 years, 56% female, 22% black race) to examine the association of plasma concentrations of hs-cTnT and NTproBNP with the incident hospitalization with AKI. We used multivariable Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

During follow-up, 1907 participants had an incident hospitalization with AKI. Participants with higher concentrations of hs-cTnT had a higher risk of hospitalization with AKI in a graded fashion (adjusted HR, 1.88 [95%CI , 1.59–2.21] for ≥14 ng/L, 1.36 [1.18–1.57] for 9–13 ng/L, and 1.16 [1.03–1.30] for 5-8 ng/L compared to <5 ng/L). The graded association was also observed for NTproBNP (HR, 2.27 [1.93–2.68] for ≥272.7 pg/mL, 1.67 [1.45–1.93] for 142.4–272.6 pg/mL, and 1.31 [1.17–1.47] for 64.0-142.3 pg/mL compared to <64.0 pg/mL). The addition of hs-cTnT and NTproBNP to a model with established predictors significantly improved 10-year risk prediction for hospitalization with AKI (Δc-statistic, 0.015 [95%CI, 0.006–0.024]).

Conclusions

In middle-aged to older black and white adults in the community, higher concentrations of hs-cTnT and NTproBNP were robustly associated with an increased risk of hospitalization with AKI. These results suggest the usefulness of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP to identify people at risk of AKI in the general population.