bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOME AZO-DERIVATIVES OF β-DIKETONES BY THE METHODS OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
Authors:   Department of Biophysics, Institute for Physical Problems, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Demukhamedova S.D.
Published: April 2024

The electronic and spatial structures of newly synthesized derivatives of β-diketones were studied based on the results of quantum chemical calculations. The properties of β-diketones with substituted phenyldiazonium chloride, namely 8 tautomers aryl derivatives of β-diketones-(E)-3-(2-(1-(dimethylamino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (H3L1) have been studied using the PM3 semi-empirical quantum chemistry method and the density functional theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP hybrid functional and 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. Energy and electronic characteristics of 8 tautomers are investigated. The eﬀect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the structure of the investigated compounds has been studied. The formation of hydrogen bonds was conﬁrmed by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. Theoretical studies using the PM3 and DFT methods conﬁrm the practical conclusions about the superiority of the hydrazone form in real samples.
Ethically Relevant Dimensions of Elections, Referenda, and Primaries
Authors:   University of Geneva, Ceva Emanuela , Stojanović Nenad ,   University of Geneva
Published: April 2024

In this chapter we aim to collect information and identify the ethically relevant dimensions of different types of elections, including a discussion of referendums and primaries. After briefly presenting our approach, we identify three sets of sources of ethical uncertainty that voters face and then apply them to real-world examples that illustrate how these uncertainties intersect various institutional models of democracy and forms of democratic election. In our conclusion we sum up the discussion and ask a crucial question for a normative ethics of democratic voting that can yield practical guidance for citizens’ action, that is, “what level of knowledge of and commitment to daily politics may be expected of citizens as electoral voters?” To address this question, we conclude by pointing out the importance of heuristic shortcuts, as well as the recent emergence and rapid expansion of Voting Advice Applications (VAAs).
The Effects of Non-Electoral Participation on Voting in Europe
Authors:   Sciences Po Paris, Mráz Attila
Published: April 2024

One of the guiding assumptions of the REDEM project is that shifting the study of the ethics of voting to a voter-centred perspective improves our understanding of the ethical challenges and moral dilemmas facing European voters and opens new avenues of electoral institutional design to mitigate them. The present report substantiates this assumption by pursuing the following three aims: 1. To describe ethical considerations relevant to voting choices, including reasons relevant to whether one votes as well as to how one votes; 2. To describe and illustrate how a shift of focus to a voter-centred perspective allows us to appreciate a wider range of ethical considerations; 3. To compare these to the ethical considerations that elitist or pluralist approaches to electoral democracy can account for, as well as describing and analysing the differences between the former approaches, on the one hand, and a voter-centred perspective, on the other. The findings of the chapter also serve the more general purpose of providing normative input into the ethical burden that European political and electoral systems currently impose on voters.
Democratic Political Institutions in Europe
Authors:   Sciences Po Paris, Mráz Attila , Lever Annabelle ,   Sciences Po Paris
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides a descriptive overview of the most significant, ethically relevant features of democratic political systems and electoral institutions in Europe rather than a comprehensive empirical overview of these systems and institutions. To this purpose, the chapter pursues two objectives: 1. To systematically present the most important variables of institutional design within the diversity of European democratic political systems and institutions; 2. To identify those features of European democratic political systems and institutions that are relevant to the ethics of voting from a voter-centred perspective. This paves the way for the evaluation of political and electoral systems in terms of the ethical burdens they impose on the voter, summarising relevant descriptive findings in political science in ways that are helpful in themselves, but relevant also to the civic educational aspects of REDEM project.
As Formas da Simpatia e o seu Papel na Compreensão das Vivências Alheias em Scheler.
Authors: Ramos Daniel Rodrigues
Published: April 2024

El objetivo es describir las características principales del fenómeno de simpatía a partir de la fenomenología de Max Scheler. El problema central es demostrar cómo se muestra la simpatía como un “lugar” privilegiado para la comprensión de las experiencias de otras personas, porque implica una unificación psíquico-afectiva con la que uno simpatiza o da la bienvenida. Sin embargo, la compasión y el regocijo no pueden entenderse como la aprehensión de contenidos psíquicos no relacionados con la reproducción de los sentimientos del otro, equiparando erróneamente la simpatía con el contagio afectivo. Así, primero, se describen algunas razones y formas de transformación de las antropologías y la consolidación histórica de la relación moderna que condujo a tal error. Luego, después de distinguir las formas plurales de simpatía, mostrando su ley de fundamento interno, se discute en qué sentido la simpatía es sufrir y regocijarse al deletrear su estructura intencional. Sin embargo, conocer al otro no es solo unirse afectuosamente con los demás, sino la libre decisión, propia de un ser espiritual, de participar en la apertura del ser personal de los demás, de participar en sus actos intencionales. Se deduce finalmente, entonces, que simpatizar presupone la forma suprema de amor.
Hermenêutica Colaborativa Na Pesquisa Fenomenológica Interventiva Com Universitários Em Sofrimento Psíquico
Authors: Macêdo Shirley , Nunes Ana Lícia Pessoa , Souza Melina Pinheiro Gomes de
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo exemplifica o uso do método da Hermenêutica Colaborativa através de uma pesquisa que objetivou descrever processos envolvidos em grupos interventivos com universitários em sofrimento psíquico, pretendendo compreender suas experiências ao participarem desses grupos; apontar atravessamentos envolvidos nos processos; e identificar possíveis alcances na (trans)formação em modos de subjetivação dos universitários. Dois grupos foram facilitados durante oito encontros cada, ocorreram em um serviço escola, foram conduzidos por duas estudantes de Psicologia, que eram supervisionadas semanalmente. O instrumento de coleta foi a Versão de Sentido. Os resultados, analisados em uma perspectiva fenomenológica hermenêutica, apontaram como Unidades de Sentido: sentimento de surpresa diante de problemas e dificuldades em comum; reflexão sobre o passado, relacionando-o com o presente e perspectivando o futuro; aprendizagem da necessidade de assumir as próprias escolhas e ter coragem para mudar; aceitação das próprias dificuldades; e reconhecimento da autonomia dos próprios potenciais de mudança. Concluiu-se que: nesse espaço de escuta e fala da pesquisa interventiva, os universitários teceram sentidos que viabilizaram o enfrentamento de suas dificuldades e a construção coletiva de fatores de proteção; a supervisão dos processos foi condição sine qua non para que as facilitadoras cuidassem da própria capacidade de cuidar.
Heidegger
Authors: Patočka Jan , Giubilato Giovanni Jan , Coli Anna Luiza , Weber José Fernandes
Published: April 2024

Apresentação da tradução de Jan Patočka: “Heidegger” (In Texte, Dokumente, Bibliographie. Freiburg/München: Karl Alber; Praga: Oikoymenh, 1999, p. 397-340). Tradução: Anna Luiza Coli (Bergische Universität Wuppertal/Charles University Prague), Giovanni Jan Giubilato (Universidade Estadual de Londrina) & José Fernandes Weber (Universidade Estadual de Londrina), feita no contexto das atividades do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fenomenologia (https://nucleodefenomenologia.wordpress.com), na Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Email: giovannijangiubilato@hotmail.com
Fenomenologia E Redução Temática Da Ideia Do Ser
Authors: Kerckhoven Guy van
Published: April 2024

Nesse estudo detalhado sobre a colaboração de Fink e Husserl, Guy van Kerckhoven apresenta as questões e os problemas principais da VI Meditação Cartesiana, cujo objetivo principal consiste na apresentação da ideia de uma doutrina transcendental do método fenomenológico. Com essa “fenomenologia da fenomenologia”, Fink chega a formular explicitamente, tomando distância de Husserl, o projeto de uma redução temática da ideia do ser e de uma ontologia fundamental, que acompanha o desenvolvimento da sua fenomenologia meôntica. O projeto é analisado por van Kerckhoven nos três momentos essenciais que compõem a sua peculiar dinâmica dialética: 1) a “Entmenschung” (desumanização) redutora; 2) o da “Vermenschung” (humanização) constitutiva 3) o da mundanização da fenomenologia transcendental (mundanização secundária).
O Despertar Do Infinito Na Finitude. Uma Análise Do “Jogo Como Símbolo Do Mundo” De Eugen Fink
Authors: Oliveira Camila Ferreira de
Published: April 2024

Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma breve análise da compreensão finkiana de jogo a partir de uma perspectiva filosófica cosmológica, noção estruturada por Eugen Fink em “Jogo como Símbolo do Mundo” (1960). Na obra, o autor reivindica a possibilidade de uma abordagem do jogo como um problema filosófico legítimo e se propõe a pensar esse tema para além dos contornos estabelecidos pela metafísica tradicional, por meio da filosofia platônica, a qual concebe o jogo como uma mera reprodução da realidade. Fink se volta para os cultos ritualísticos na vida das comunidades primitivas e argumenta que, nesse contexto, a “não-realidade” do mundo do jogo tinha um caráter ontológico elevado em relação às coisas ordinárias da realidade cotidiana. É a partir desse caminho que o autor desenvolve a sua interpretação do jogo, com base em três noções estruturantes: a totalidade, a medialidade e a noção de símbolo. Nesse sentido, delineia-se a compreensão de jogo como uma abertura extasiante em relação à totalidade do mundo, como manifestação do infinito do mundo no ser humano finito.
Ferramenta Quebrada ou Existência Desordenada? O Problema da Enfermidade Mental na Fenomenologia Existencial
Authors: Lopes Marcelo Vieira
Published: April 2024

Em um trabalho recente, Schmid (2018) apresenta o que considera a forma adequa-da de compreensão da enfermidade mental do ponto de vista da fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger. A enfermidade mental é apresentada como uma série de rupturas nas estruturas práticas e sociais da existência, através da analogia com a análise do utensílio que-brado presente em Ser e Tempo. Neste trabalho, proponho uma análise da leitura de Schmid em três etapas: 1. Sustento que esta leitura implica tanto uma transgressão categorial quanto uma perspectiva funcionalista, ambas derivadas da analogia equivocada com o modo de ser dos utensílios; 2. As rupturas nas estruturas práticas e sociais da existência não parecem ser suficientes para a manifestação de enfermidades mentais; e 3. Sustento que as perturbações na observância às normas são intimamente ligadas à experiência da enfermidade, mas apenas como consequência destas. Em seguida, introduzo uma abordagem relativa à autocompre-ensão mentalmente enferma prévia à tematização dos distúrbios de observância às normas. Sugiro que uma perturbação no espaço modal da experiência causada por mudanças afetivas tem um papel importante na compreensão da enfermidade mental a partir da perspectiva fe-nomenológico-existencial.
Filhos desgarrados do tempo. Identidade e temporalidade em Gurwitsch
Authors: Dias de Andrade André
Published: April 2024

O artigo trata da cisão proposta por Gurwitsch entre temporalidade e identidade na constituição da coisa em sua fenomenologia. Recupera a noção de coisa tal qual noema, já tra-balhada por Husserl, e investiga até que ponto seu sucessor é capaz de reformulá-la em um dos seus aspectos fundamentais: o de que ela possui uma dimensão atemporal e, não obstante, fe-nomenológica. Trata-se de avaliar a polêmica tese de que o tempo é condição necessária embora não suficiente para a descrição das relações entre o uno e o múltiplo, culminando numa ideia primitiva e irredutível de identidade que deve ser concebida por si mesma e constitui tanto a originalidade quanto um dos maiores avanços do pensamento de Gurwitsch.
Unidade Sintética como Gestalt: Gurwitsch e a Teoria de Gestalt Via Kant e a Fenomenologia
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Hernani
Published: April 2024

O principal objetivo deste ensaio é sugerir que a reinterpretação proposta por Gurwits-ch da fenomenologia em termos da Teoria da Gestalt, bem como a sua crítica a Husserl, baseiam--se em uma releitura substantiva de duas doutrinas desenvolvidas por Kant em sua Crítica da Razão Pura: a doutrina da unidade sintética do múltiplo sensível e aquela da unidade sintética da apercepção. Propõe-se que isto indica que os conceitos centrais da Psicologia da Gestalt tenham sido estruturados de forma transcendental. Em última instância, isto permite uma aproximação crítica de Psicologia da Gestalt e fenomenologia transcendental. A este respeito, começar-se-á com uma revisão da Dedução Transcendental de Kant e com o desdobramento de seus momen-tos nucleares relacionados com a questão da síntese. Em segundo lugar, procurar-se-á demons-trar como Gurwitsch emprega a Psicologia da Gestalt em um sentido epistemológico, colocando e apresentando as suas premissas em um quadro teórico singular, distante dos objetivos originais de seus precursores. Finalmente, apresentar-se-á como a sua interpretação da Psicologia da Ges-talt implica a estrutura da Dedução Transcendental de Kant e como ela pode ser usada para uma crítica de pressupostos idealistas que podem ser encontrados em diferentes tradições filosóficas, que incluem, também, Kant e algumas teorias de Husserl.
O IMPREVISÍVEL CAPAZ DE MUDAR TUDO: ANOTAÇÕES SOBRE O FENÔMENO DO ACONTECIMENTO.
Authors: Fabri Marcelo
Published: April 2024

O acontecimento é imprevisível. Ele nos afeta de maneiras diferentes e muitas vezes pode ser excessivamente traumático. Portanto, quem o vivencia não deixa de ser uma testemunha e um respondente. A subjetividade tem em si algo que absolutamente transcende sua capacidade, pode extrair de si muito mais do que acredita possuir. No fluxo ininterrupto dos fatos do mundo, na repetição eterna do que vivemos, surge algo que não é um simples caso de regularidade casual. Neste artigo, apontamos três características essenciais do acontecimento: imprevisibilidade, dádiva e fecundidade.
Réexamen des déterminants de l’inflation dans les pays en développement
Authors:   Centre de Recherche d’Economie (CRE) Faculté des Sciences Economique et de Gestion / Université d’Abomey-Calavi, KORA GUERA Akim
Published: April 2024

Résumé : Cet article réexamine les déterminants de l’inflation, en s’appuyant sur un panel de 136 pays en développement sur la période 1996-2020. La démarche méthodologique est essentiellement basée sur les modèles ARDL, afin de distinguer les déterminants de court terme, de ceux de long terme. Nos investigations empiriques suggèrent qu’à court terme, la masse monétaire et le taux de croissance du PIB sont des déterminants significatifs de l’inflation, tandis qu’à long terme, en plus de ces variables citées, la stabilité politique et l’ouverture commerciale influencent significativement l’inflation. L’analyse de robustesse conduite sur un groupe de pays à faible inflation et un second à forte inflation met en évidence des déterminants spécifiques. Mots-clés : Inflation, Croissance économique, ARDL. Revisiting the determinants of inflation in developing countries Summary: This paper re-examines the determinants of inflation based on a sample of 136 developing countries over the period 1996-2020. The methodological approach is based on ARDL models that allow to appraise short run, as well as long run determinants. Our empirical investigations suggest that GDP and money supply growth are significant determinants, while in the long run, in addition to previous variables, political stability and openness to trade significantly affect inflation. The robustness analysis shows that inflation determinants can vary from led on country groups with different level of inflation. Keywords: Inflation, economic growth, monetary policy, ARDL. Classification JEL: E12 – E31 – E52 – O57.
Convergence conditionnelle des économies de la CEDEAO et interactions géographiques
Authors:   Institut Universitaire de Formations Initiale et Continue (IUFIC), Université Thomas SANKARA, DRABO Désiré , SIRPE Gnanderman ,   Département d’économie,  Université Aube Nouvelle
Published: April 2024

Résumé : L’objectif de cette recherche est d’examiner la β-convergence conditionnelle des économies de la CEDEAO en présence d’interactions géographiques. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un modèle temporel simple et un modèle autorégressif spatial ont été utilisés. Il ressort des résultats qu’un processus de convergence conditionnelle existe dans le zone CEDEAO. Le coefficient de convergence β passe de -0,013 en dynamique simple à -0,016 en dynamique spatiale. Toutefois, la demi-vie est plus longue en dynamique temporelle simple qu’en dynamique spatiale. Les disparités spatiales affectent donc le processus de convergence entre les pays de l’espace CEDEAO. En termes d’implications de politiques, au regard de l’impact de la diffusion spatiale du PIB par tête d’une économie de la CEDEAO sur le revenu par habitant de ses plus proches voisins, une meilleure ouverture des économies permettrait d’améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. Mots-clés : Intégration économique - Convergence conditionnelle – CEDEAO -interactions géographiques. Conditional convergence of ECOWAS economies and geographical interactions Summary: The objective of this research is to examine the conditional β-convergence of ECOWAS economies in the presence of geographical interactions. To achieve this objective, a simple temporal model and a spatial autoregressive model were used. The results show that a process of conditional convergence exists in the ECOWAS zone. The convergence coefficient β increases from -0.013 in simple dynamics to -0.016 in spatial dynamics. However, the half-life is longer in simple temporal dynamics than in spatial dynamics. Spatial disparities therefore affect the convergence process between ECOWAS countries. In terms of policy implications, given the impact of the spatial distribution of GDP per capita of an ECOWAS economy on the per capita income of its closest neighbours, a greater opening up of economies would improve living conditions for the population. Keywords: Economic integration - Conditional convergence – ECOWAS - Geographical interactions. JEL Classification : F15 - O47 - R12.
L'intégration monétaire en Afrique : existe-t-il une synchronisation des cycles économiques entre et au sein des communautés économiques régionales ?
Authors:   Laboratoire GREDT/ UFR ECOMIJ – Université Alioune DIOP de Bambey, SAMBOU Al Housseyny , DIOP Samba ,   Laboratoire GREDT/ UFR ECOMIJ – Université Alioune DIOP de Bambey
Published: April 2024

Résumé : Ce papier étudie la synchronisation des cycles économiques entre les communautés économiques régionales en Afrique au cours de la période 1980-2016. Nous considérons une analyse de regroupement de séries temporelles pour évaluer si les communautés économiques régionales (CER) présentent des similarités dans les covariations du cycle économique. L'analyse de regroupement révèle cinq groupes de pays relativement stables dans le temps. En effet, la Communauté de l'Afrique de l'Est (CAE) est identifiée comme un sous-groupe au sein de la Communauté de développement de l'Afrique australe (SADC), ce qui indique que ces deux CER pourraient être fusionnées pour former une union monétaire appropriée dans un avenir proche. Le dendrogramme montre des divergences plus importantes dans les clusters par rapport aux CER existantes. Enfin, les chevauchements dans l'adhésion à l'intégration monétaire peuvent avoir un impact négatif sur le processus d'intégration en Afrique. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'Afrique n'est pas encore prête pour une union monétaire. Mots clés : Cycles économiques, synchronisation, convergence, Afrique. Monetary Integration in Africa: Is there a Business Cycles Synchronisation between and within Regional Economic Communities? Abstract: This paper investigates the synchronization of business cycles across regional economic communities in Africa over the period 1980-2016. We consider a time series clustering analysis to assess whether regional economic communities (RECs) exhibit similarities in business cycle covariations. The cluster analysis reveals five groups of countries that are relatively stable over time. Indeed, the East African Community (EAC) is identified as a sub-group within the Southern African Development Community (SADC), indicating that these two RECs may be merged to form an appropriate monetary union in the near future. The dendrogram shows greater divergence in the clusters compared to the existing RECs. Finally, overlaps in membership of monetary integration may have a negative impact on the integration process in Africa. These results suggest that Africa is not yet ready for monetary union. Keywords: Business cycles, synchronization, convergence, Africa. JEL Calssification: E32 – E37 – F15 – E17 – O55.
Solar Decathlon design challenge: A collaborative student-community engagement project
Authors: Mani Nirajan , Chenot D. Keith
Published: April 2024

To prepare our students for their chosen careers, it is important to provide opportunities that integrate their past studies and apply these through civic engagement. The Solar Decathlon competition sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) can be such a platform that challenges student teams to become involved with their community and apply their knowledge and design highly efficient and innovative buildings. According to the DOE, the Solar Decathlon competition provides participating students with unique training that prepares them for the clean energy workforce; educates students and the public about the latest technologies and materials in energy-efficient design, smart building solutions, and demonstrates to the public the comfort and savings of buildings that combine energy-efficient construction and innovative designs including onsite renewable energy production. Considering the dual benefits of this program, the Engineering Technology final year students at Fitchburg State University have participated in the Solar Decathlon Design Challenge. Under the supervision of faculty, students in coordination with local authorities selected a downtown urban property for redevelopment following the guidelines of the Solar Decathlon project competition. This paper presents the importance and challenges of this type of collaborative community engaged project to enhance the learning opportunities for undergraduate students. Moreover, it highlights the benefits of this type of real-world project in capstone course curricula.
Teacher externship program: An opportunity for educators to build a relationship with industries
Authors: Mani Nirajan
Published: April 2024

It is a tremendous responsibility of teachers to prepare students for the future workforce by exposing them and providing necessary skills as per current demand of industry. It can be challenging for teachers who receive licensure through a traditional teacher preparation program and have not been exposed to the skills used in the industry. Considering this fact, the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (MA-DESE) allocated funding for the Perkins teacher externship program that offers a common platform for the professional development of high school teachers by connecting the classroom to the workplace. Through a competitive process, Fitchburg State University was selected to manage and administer the externship program in year 2018. This paper reports the challenges, benefits, and the outcomes of the Perkins teacher summer externship program managed by a team of faculty members of Fitchburg State University. In year 2018, 66 quality lesson plans were submitted by the selected high school academic and career and technical teachers. These lesson plans have been recorded and are available in the "Contextual Learning Portal" to interested teachers who wish to complement and enhance their curriculum. It also helps to educators to formulate effective teaching strategies to achieve maximum outcomes and also assists them in designing and implementing classroom activities, projects, and work-based learning opportunities that will add relevance and meaning to students' classroom learning with the first-hand exposure. This program also provides the opportunity for educators to build a relationship with companies. Moreover, this paper presents benefits of the externship program not only for teachers but also for the externship hosting companies.
Decision-Making Factors in Selecting a Collegiate Flight School
Authors: Tunc Onur A. , Leitz David J. , Finkielman Ezequiel , Carstens Deborah S.
Published: April 2024

Choosing a university is a major decision for those seeking an aviation degree. Choosing to major in flight increases the total educational cost. Past studies discuss students' decision-making factors in choosing universities, but little research has been conducted specifically for flight majors. The study methodology utilized surveys and interviews with 31 participants. Using Spradley's (1979) domain analysis to categorize common themes and patterns, the domains that emerged were university reputation, past family enrollment, funding mechanism to pay for student's education, campus tour, aircraft availability, and interactions with university staff and faculty. The findings are discussed along with the implications and recommendations for practice and research.
Allocation Methods for Co-generation of Steam and Electricity
Authors: Kim ChangRyol , Park Sunwon
Published: April 2024

Five allocation methods which are applied to the CHP (Combined Heat and Power Production) are compared and in the thermodynamic respect, feasibility based on real process data are investigated using these methods. Among these five allocation methods, allocations based on energy and economic value are not adapted to the CHP unit. Allocations based on empirical thermodynamic efficiencies of steam and electricity have no objective standards needed for deciding their efficiencies. The allocation method based on the ideal thermodynamic efficiency is simple, objective and thermodynamically reasonable.
Study of Green House Effects of Each Fossil Energy Examining from Mining to Cobustion
Authors: YOON Sung Yee , OGAWA Yoshiki
Published: April 2024

기후변화 협약에 관련하여 2010년까지의 온실효과 가스의 억제목표를 결정한 교토의정서가 채택되었다. 이 결과로 각국가가 2010년을 목표로 에너지분야의 구체적인 대책의 검토가 시작되고 있다. 지금까지 각 국의 수년간에 걸친 검토는 경제사회의 구조변혁을 목표로 하는 에너지산업의 규제완화가 중요과제였지 만 교토합의로 인해 논의의 방향성에 있어서 재차 규제의 색채가 농후해 질 것으로 예측된다.
Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of LNG and Town Gas in Japan
Authors: Yoon SungYee , Kang Hun
Published: April 2024

As described so far, we made a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis of Gas energies consumed in Japan. As stated in the objective of this study, there are ever-growing concerns over global warming problems. Under such circumstances, we could grasp life-cycle GHG emissions, from production to transportation and consumption, as exactly as possible for the moment. We believe our analysis results can be of some help to studying LCA (life cycle assesment) for many other fields.
While specific institutional designs of Kyoto Mechanism are under examination, to consider specific mechanisms of JI and CDM based on the life cycle concept may be an important subject as well.
In the days ahead, it is recommended to consider supply and demand of the right energies in the right uses by gathering and analyzing more detailed data than ever and by making LCA of Gas energy by use.
A Life Cycle Approach for Environmental Assessment of Buildings
Authors: Yang Inmog , Jun Mingu
Published: April 2024

As global environmental problems such as golbal warming and ozone depletion have become more serious in these days, many researches are being done for building's impact on these problems. Under these circumstances, this study has been carried out to introduce the efforts of improving environmental performance of buildings that place enormous impact on global environment and to propose reasonable direction for development and operation of sustainable building via reviewing Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) as legitimate basis of an environmental friendly building, called Green Building. Recently, LCA has been accepted as the most logical method for environmental labelling and practically used in many parts of environmental assessment of buildings. To graft LCA to Green Building Certificate actively, preparation of specific data and reasonable administration of certificate system is highly needed. Green Building Certificate which is performed against potential impact in design and planning phase also should go in parallel with the surveillance control to confirm effectiveness of practical operation.
Study on Development for Classification Factors of Radioactive Substances
Authors: Lee Young Eal , Lee Kun Jai
Published: April 2024

Limitation associated with classification factor of radioactive substance based on the critical volume approach is analysed and the classification factors of radioactive substances are developed using the concept of radiation protection and radiological risk model. To calculate the classification factor of radioactive substance, information on the concentration of radionuclides in medium, the length of exposure period, and average usage rate of medium by population are necessary. The classification factor of radioactive substance developed is age and gender specific and considers both of exposure and effect of radionuclide and different pathway. Effect score of radiological impact can be calculated using the release amount of radionuclide and the classification factor developed in this study.
Life Cycle Inventory Data Calculation Method for Inner Recurring Process
Authors: Gwak Jong-myung , Yoon Young-woon , Hur Tak
Published: April 2024

In petrochemical industry, generally inner recurring processes are found. There is a problem to identify and quantify of inputs/outputs for each unit process. Current available methods to solve this problem are to linearize process flows by using cut-off criteria, to uplink offside D/B and to expand system boundary. But, the above methods of cut-off criteria and system boundary proposed ISO or SETAC is appropriate to the linear structure. And, until now, there is no criteria proposed on establishing system boundary per unit process in the inner-circulation system. Then, for this study, we present objective and consistent criteria that are applicable to the inner-circulation system of real process. These are (1) to determinate quantity of input/output by simultaneous equations, (2) to determinate quantity of input/output by double cut-off, and, (3) to operate cut-off criteria at repeating point.
First suggested method is to determinate quantity of input/output by simultaneous equations. It regards an unit process as a factor. Raw materials or materials from offsite D/B is regarded as an constant number. Input flow is regarded as positive(+) and output flow is regarded as negative(-). Second method is to determinate quantity of input/output by double cut-off. It is that cut-off at upstream point which is repeated uplink properly base on the cut-off criteria. Third method is to operate cut-off criteria at repeating point. Considering repeat processes uniformly, cut-off is accomplished at proper repeating point. Then, data collection process is achieved in this boundary. The result is that the three methods proposed is contributed to making reliability on a project results based on the consistency and site-specific data. Especially, inventory quantification on the unit process using simultaneous equations will be able to decrease the error.
Environmental Policy and LCA
Authors: Choi Joo Sub
Published: April 2024

The harmony of environment protection and economic development is essential to solve the global environment problems. Using a LCA method is authorized internationally as one kind of decision factor to accomplish the target of environmental policies. It is proposed to quick development of scientifically and internationally fair standard of assesment method for pursuing environmental friendly in environment regulation policy, development plan and business, production and service of industry and consumer manners.
An Overview of the LCA in Energy and Electric Power Industry of Korea
Authors: Kang Hee Jung , Kwon Young Han
Published: April 2024

The main results of the LCA case studies were applied in the energy and electric power sector in Korea are summarized. Alternative policies to address global climate change are being debated in many countries. In order to provide comprehensive analyses in support of this process, many assessment models have been developed. Some of models were also expanded for dealing with the effects of greenhouse gas emission. Among them, the LCA was compiled in the model and used as a tool of the technical assessment of electric power sector. In this paper representative analytic methodologies applicable to the LCA are also discussed to judge their usefulness and applicability in the energy and electric power sector.
A case study of the environmental and cost analysis of treatment system of a discarded refrigerator
Authors: Heo Youngchai , Hwang Jongsu , Chung Younha , Choi Hwajoo
Published: April 2024

A systematic methodology for identifying improvement factors based on the analysis of environmental aspects with LCA and economic aspects with cost analysis during the disposal phase of a product was proposed in this study. The proposed methodology was applied to a discarded refrigerator. The improvement factors requiring highest priority include incineration of PUF and incineration of other plastics. Those requiring higher priority include recycling of steel and ABS with respect to the cost aspect, and refrigerant, R-134a to the environmental aspect. Weight of steel and ABS is the attribute of the refrigerator that causes problems in the cost aspects. Improvement strategies would include design for light weighted product and optimization for the waste disposal pathway. Global warming and recycling potential are two major attributes of refrigerant that cause problems in the environmental aspects. Improvement strategies would include the development of recycling technology, use of recyclable materials, and use of natural refrigerant that does not cause global warming.
A point at issue comparative analysis on a way for a calculation of CO2 basic units
Authors: Yoon Sungyee
Published: April 2024

They should calculate CO2 basic units that are classified by sections in various cases for assessment and verification when Drafting a policy of Framework convention on climate change, Environmental Management or Development of Cleaner production Technology ect. But up to now there are instances where they carry out LCA with a unclassified general idea of CO2 basic units. In this work we have classified types of CO2 basic units, also studied considerable respects in calculation of CO2 basic units and types of CO2 basic units when we calculate of CO2 basic units through the LCA-approach method.
We divided types of CO2 basic units into basic units by industrial sector, products and material moreover devided basic units by products are divided into industry general consumption products, simple fossile energy(coal, petroleum, natural gas ect.) and electricity.
Uses and calculation methods of each CO basic unit are different therefore we should reduce the error on a way for a calculation of CO2 basic units. And it promotes to use appropriate CO2 basic units with correct understanding when carry out LCA.
The Role of LCI Database Network and Plan for Practical Use
Authors: Jung Jong-youn , We Young-chul , Hur Jin-ho , Moon Sung-sik , Kim Mann-young
Published: April 2024

LCI database is indispensable to conducting LCA for Type III Environmental Labelling and eco-design. Currently, LCI database is usually used by companies who want to get EDP(Environmental Declaration of Products) certification or develop eco-design software. And it is also available when conducting LCA or eco-design to improve environmental preferability of products, establishing Type I or Type III Environmental Labelling certification criteria and conducting studies regarding environmental impact assessment, risk assessment, etc. This paper mentions the point at issue and solution about LCI database network management and the role of LCI database network in order to enhance the environmental performance of product and relevant programs.
Product-focused Environmental Strategy Development through LCA2ValueTM
Authors: Kang Myunghwi , Lee Suyol , Chung Jungman
Published: April 2024

This research tries to suggest a way to set up product-focused environmental strategy using LCA2ValueTM. LCA2ValueTM is an advanced version of the typical LCA. It is structured to produce the result through 4 steps. The first step is to diagnose if the product is environment-friendly. The second step is to establish the foundation for LCA performance. The third step is to set up a master plan for product-focused environmental strategy to embody the value of product. The last step is the environment management and LCA education. It should set up and apply environment strategy of a product to have competitiveness. So each company should set up this strategy. They can use LCA2ValueTM to set up product-focused environmental strategy, examine it and have a future plan. Using LCA2ValueTM makes it easy for a company to set up product-focused environmental strategy and do the job systematically.
Methodology of selecting products priority for applying life cycle assessment(LCA)
Authors: Shin Dong-Hee , Kwon Eun-Sun , Moon Seoung-Sik , 김 만영 , Jung Jong-Youn , Hur Jin-Ho
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a general method to decide the priority of LCA application through a logical procedure. First of all, evaluation categories were developed to decide priority of subject products(industrial groups). The evaluation categories consist of environment regulations related to subject product, LCA case studies, hazardous substances, etc. The subdivided database was constructed through researching and analyzing information about the selected evaluation categories. In addition, a questionnaire was conducted to reflect the opinions from academic and industrial circles. Based on the result of the questionnaire, each evaluation category and sub-evaluation category were weighed differently, and certain points were assigned to them.
According to the method developed in this study, comparing industrial groups or products for prioriting will have its total score that is a sum of points assigned to each evaluation category. This results that an industrial group or product having higher score than the others becomes the subject to apply LCA.
Life Cycle Assessment of Toothpaste
Authors: Jeong Heon Chang , Kim Young Woon
Published: April 2024

With the toothpaste produced by Aekyung Industrial Co. Ltd., we performed life cycle assessment to examine their environmental properties. The procedure of LCA was followed to goal & scope definition, classification, weighting and found the key issue. As a result, it was found that environmental load is the highest at the stage of raw material extraction and production. Furthermore, the environmental indicator was improved by three percent with the application to the environmental friendly cleaning method of a production process and the change of a transportation tool.
Enhancement of the Global Applicability of Korean LCA Studies for the Case of Electricity
Authors: Chung Whan-Sam , Kim Seong Ho , Kang Hong-Yoon
Published: April 2024

Recently, many environmentally developed countries are paying attention to environmental declaration of products (EDP) and green procurement system where Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) plays an essential role of a solution tool. Here the importance of LCA is growing due to its appropriate and scientific properties.
In this context, several studies on LCA of electricity generation systems in Korea are reviewed and compared including foreign those to evaluate the ubiquity of system boundaries and validity of available results for domestic LCA cases. The comparison yields the techno-political implication of LCA activities in Korea in order to enhance each LCA entity's performance capability as well as to promote the compatibility with the standards for global networking.
Comparison of environmental performance on steel products considering their life cycle
Authors: Kim Ik , Kim Kyung-hwan , Kwon Eun-sun , Choi Yu-na , Kim Mann-young
Published: April 2024

This study is intended to develop the life cycle inventory (LCI) database on 8 steel products which are basic materials for the electric and electronic appliances and automobiles using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and to compare the environmental loads and environmental impacts between them. For the environmental loads the direct and/or indirect amounts of GHG emission throughout those life cycle are compared. And the environmental impacts such as abiotic resource depletion, global warming and acidification induced from life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) results on the steel products are evaluated.
Convertibility of Monetary and Physical Input-output Analysis
Authors: Chung Whan-Sam , Tohno Susumu
Published: April 2024

In the midst of the LCA concept is becoming more important, an input-output approach is emerging as an useful methodology to assure the robustness of a solution. Basically, the input-output analysis is based on input-output table using monetary unit. Nowadays, the importance of material flow analysis is increasing. Thus, it is attempted to construct the input-output table in terms of the hybrid in units by reflecting physical units.
In this study, typical process for both from the conventional input-output approach and from the input-output approach with hybrid in units were compared. The convertibility of these approaches are demonstrated using an energy model including the monetary unit and calorie unit for an input-output approach. And, the linkage effects of various energy sources were analyzed with the energy input-output table.
An Estimation of GHG Emission Intensities from Energy Use
Authors: Chung Whan-Sam , Tohno Susumu , Shim Sang Yul
Published: April 2024

In Korea, LCA is mainly performed by using a process LCA method which belongs to a bottom-up approach. The reason for applying the process method is that LCA approach associated with an input-output method is based on a top-down approach, which has its own limitations. It is well known that there are potential limitations of the input-output LCA method.
In this study, an energy input-output analysis is conducted on the basis of the input-output table of 2000 issued by the Bank of Korea in 2003. Furthermore, according to economic sectors, emission of the Greenhouse Gases relative to the energy use is characterized. The total amounts of GHG emission estimated in this study was 512 million tons of CO2 equivalent, which is acceptable figure if it compared to national official data. Nevertheless, differently from other product and service sectors, it is in the energy sector possible for the input-output method is identified for yielding reliable results.
The study for Development of Industrial Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
Authors: Choi Kwang-lim , Jang Hyun-suk , Lim Eun-jung , Moon Seung-jae , Kang Young-ra
Published: April 2024

The climate change adaptation is the alternative for minimizing risks of climate change and maximizing opportunities. Disasters often happen and global warming is estimated to be lasted forwards because of GHGs emitted last years. Therefore advanced countries are trying to establish strategies for climate change adaptation and Korea also start it. This paper presents strategies for industial climate change adaptation, mainly focused on the seaside industrial complex in methods of survey, case study and research. Industrial climate change adaptation strategy is summarized in four: managed retreat, accommodation, protection, management. This paper insists that industries are internally required to establish management systems and facilitate structures. Also political supports, sustained studies and stakeholders' participation are necessary for industries adapting climate change.
Comparative LCA on Alternative Refrigerants : R-744, HFO-1234yf
Authors: Bae Yu Jin , Hong Sung Joon , Cho Hee Wook , Hong Byoung Kwon , Yoo Jin Young , Sung Nak Sup
Published: April 2024

Comparative environmental evaluation for possible alternative refrigerants (R-744, HFO-1234yf) is performed using by LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) which is one of the most famous tools. Based on ISO 14040 series, LCA is performed through the production, use, and disposal stage of each air conditioner system, and the result would be shown which refrigerant is more environment friendly. The environmental profile of all the refrigerant will be used for decision supporting information.
Study on Energy Efficiency Policy for Countermeasure against Climate Change
Authors: Lee Eunyoung , Joung Soon-Hee
Published: April 2024

The energy labeling program is an effective method to reduce energy consumption by inducement to the selection of energy efficient appliances providing the information of energy performance to consumers. The purpose of this study is to present plans for the system improvement by evaluation of the achievements and the limitation shown in the process of the Energy Standards and Labeling Program in Korea. The achievement of the Energy Standards and Labeling Program is that even it was late to take effect compared with the one of advanced countries, it could achieve lots of developments in the quantitative aspect as it applied compulsory or autonomous programs in details as per the characteristic of device and also applied the program to many items. The limitation appeared in the extension of the applied items was the introduction of home appliance-centered devices. It means that the introduction of efficiency standards and labeling programs for informative devices such as TV, network communication devices of which dissemination spreaded fast in these days are still insufficient. Some political proposals can be given as in the followings: For extension of the items to be applied by the Energy Standards and Labeling Program, it needs the study of introduction of informative devices as well as efficiency standards and efficiency measuring methods.