bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Stand to Forest: Woody Plant Recruitment in an Andean Restoration Project
Authors: Piquer-Doblas Marina , Correa-Londoño Guillermo A. , Osorio-Vélez Luis F.
Published: September 2024

The growing deforestation of tropical forests requires the implementation of restoration actions capable of assisting the recovery of biodiversity and the functioning of these ecosystems. This research aimed to identify the environmental factors that influence the abundance and diversity of woody plant recruitment in an Andean forest restoration project in Medellin (Colombia). Data from woody plant individuals taller than 80 cm were collected in 22 plots of 200·m−2. The environmental factors selected were edaphic variables, plantation structure, slope, elevation, prior land use, and landscape forest cover. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to analyze recruitment densit and Linear Mixed Models (LMM) to assess recruited species richness, diversity, and dominance. Woody plant recruitment attributes in our study area were similar to those of secondary succession in an Andean forest, but planted trees contributed little to recruitment density and diversity. While recruitment density was affected by slope, canopy closure, and landscape forest cover, recruitment diversity was influenced by physical (bulk density) and chemical (pH, aluminum, Cation Exchange Capacity) edaphic factors, planted tree diversity (species richness and composition), canopy closure, and the mortality rate of planted trees. We conclude that sites with lower mortality rates of planted trees and denser canopies enhance both recruitment density and diversity, indicating a synergy between active restoration and passive regeneration processes.
Using a Carbon Quantum Dot Suspension as a New Solvent for Clear Hydrophobic Surface Coating on Hydrophilic PVA Films
Authors: Oh Yena , Park Kitae , Ansari Jamilur R. , Seo Jongchul
Published: September 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a popular material used in the packaging industry. However, it is vulnerable to moisture, which can affect its performance and durability. Introducing hydrophobic substances, such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), on the top layer of PVA can help maintain the excellent properties of PVA under high-humidity conditions. The low compatibility of hydrophobic materials with the hydrophilic layers allows them to aggregate more easily. To overcome these issues, we focused on the effects of particle size when increasing the coating suspension’s dispersibility. A carbon quantum dot (CQD) suspension is an appropriate novel solvent for hydrophobic TEOS/HDTMS coating suspensions because its particles are small and light and exhibit good dispersibility. The CQD suspension formed a smooth hydrophobic coating on the TEOS/HDTMS materials. Furthermore, the uniformly coated PVA with the CQD suspension exhibited a water contact angle of 110°. The water droplets remained intact without being absorbed, confirming the effectiveness of the surface coating facilitated by CQDs. These results suggested that CQDs improved the dispersibility and enhanced the coating quality of TEOS/HDTMS on PVA. Enhancing the hydrophobicity of PVA is ideal for applications in packaging and other fields.
A New Paradigm on Waste-to-Energy Applying Hydrovoltaic Energy Harvesting Technology to Face Masks
Authors: Kwon Yongbum , Bui-Vinh Dai , Lee Seung-Hwan , Baek So Hyun , Lee Hyun-Woo , Yun Jeungjai , Cho Inhee , Lee Jeonghoon , Lee Mi Hye , Lee Handol , Jeong Da-Woon
Published: September 2024

The widespread use of single-use face masks during the recent epidemic has led to significant environmental challenges due to waste pollution. This study explores an innovative approach to address this issue by repurposing discarded face masks for hydrovoltaic energy harvesting. By coating the face masks with carbon black (CB) to enhance their hydrophilic properties, we developed mask-based hydrovoltaic power generators (MHPGs). These MHPGs were evaluated for their hydrovoltaic performance, revealing that different mask configurations and sizes affect their efficiency. The study found that MHPGs with smaller, more structured areas exhibited better energy output, with maximum open-circuit voltages (VOC) reaching up to 0.39 V and short-circuit currents (ISC) up to 65.6 μA. The integration of CB improved water absorption and transport, enhancing the hydrovoltaic performance. More specifically, MHPG-1 to MHPG-4, which represented different sizes and features, presented mean VOC values of 0.32, 0.17, 0.19 and 0.05 V, as well as mean ISC values of 16.57, 15.59, 47.43 and 3.02 μA, respectively. The findings highlight the feasibility of utilizing discarded masks in energy harvesting systems, offering both environmental benefits and a novel method for renewable energy generation. Therefore, this work provides a new paradigm for waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies and inspires further research into the use of unconventional waste materials for energy production.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Teacher Professional Well-Being Scale: Assessing Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity in University Instructors
Authors: Zewude Girum Tareke , Mesfin Yikunoamlak , Goraw Solomon , Hussen Kasahun , Eshetie Engidasew Nigussie , Mekonnon Drese Fenatw , Gebresellassie Moges , Bereded Derib Gosim
Published: September 2024

Teacher professional well-being (TPWB) is crucial in education, affecting educators and students. The Teacher Professional Well-Being Scale (TPWBS) measures five core dimensions—self-efficacy, job satisfaction, aspiration, recognition, and authority—initially developed in Turkey. This study aims to adapt, develop, and validate the Teacher Professional Well-Being Scale (TPWBS) in Ethiopia. Investigate the TPWBS factor structure and evaluate its measurement invariance (MI) across gender, university type, and teaching experience. By examining teachers’ perceptions of professional well-being, this study contributes to understanding Ethiopian higher education. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) use data from Ethiopian university instructors. Conduct initial EFA on a sample of 82 men and 222 women (sample 1), followed by CFA on a sample of 529 men and 179 women (sample 2). Assess factor loadings of TPWBS items across sub-dimensions. Use data from Ethiopian higher education institutions and involve 1012 instructors. The EFA reveals excellent factor loadings for all TPWBS items within each sub-dimension, indicating a robust factor structure. TPWBS exhibits acceptable construct validity, good reliability, and satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. The CFA demonstrates good model fit, supporting TPWBS validity: χ2 (289) = 942.20, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 3.26, GFI = 0.912, TLI = 0.935, CFI = 0.943, RMSEA = 0.057, 95% CI [0.053, 0.061]. TPWBS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the professional well-being of Ethiopian university teachers. Its adaptation and validation process highlight cultural and contextual factors in well-being evaluation. Findings offer insights for practitioners and researchers in well-being assessment.
Catholic Ecology Mindset amongst Youth: Laudato Si’ and Laudate Deum’s Impact in Higher Education
Authors: Palos Rey Laia , Diez Bosch Miriam
Published: September 2024

The climate crisis is widely regarded as the most significant challenge facing humanity in the 21st century In light of these concerns, Pope Francis announced the encyclical Laudato Si’ in 2015, which conveyed both concern and hope in the fight to mitigate and adapt to climate change. This is further reinforced by the publication in 2023 of the encyclical Laudate Deum, which once again emphasises the relationship between religion and ecology. In this regard, an educational intervention was conducted to ascertain the extent of knowledge and acceptance of these texts and their premises among first-year high-school students. The action comprised an initial classroom analysis of the encyclicals Laudato Si’ and Laudate Deum, during which various passages were read and commented on. This was followed by a second phase, in the form of a focus group, during which the students, in groups of five, were invited to share their perspectives on the relationship between faith and environmental stewardship. The preliminary study was conducted with a sample of 90 students in the second year of Baccalaureate from a secondary school in Barcelona, Spain.
Climatology of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Derived from CALIPSO and SLIMCAT
Authors: Li Douwang , Wang Zhe , Li Shun , Zhang Jiankai , Feng Wuhu
Published: September 2024

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a crucial role in ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere. In this study, the space-based PSCs record from CALISPO and an offline three-dimensional chemical transport model (SLIMCAT) are used to analyze the PSCs in the Arctic and the Antarctic for the period 2006−2021. Observations indicate that the seasonal evolution of the Antarctic PSC area is similar from year to year. In contrast, the Arctic PSCs show large differences in seasonal variations of coverage and duration in different years. The SLIMCAT simulations effectively capture the seasonal and interannual variations of PSCs. However, the simulated PSC areas are larger than CALIPSO observations, which can be attributed to the relatively high instrumental detection threshold of CALIPSO. SLIMCAT can capture the zonal asymmetry of PSCs in both the Antarctic and Arctic, and it can reproduce a more accurate spatial distribution of PSCs when the PSC coverage area is larger. In addition, accurate simulation of HNO3 is important for PSC simulation. Because the simulation of denitrification processes is poor in SLIMCAT, which uses the thermodynamic equilibrium PSC scheme, the PSCs modeled by SLIMCAT are located at higher altitudes compared to the observation in the Antarctic, where the denitrification processes are strong. In contrast, for ice PSCs of which HNO3 is not required in calculations and the Arctic where denitrification is weak, the simulated PSC at different altitudes closely matches the observations.
Evaluation of Urban Microscopic Nighttime Light Environment Based on the Coupling Observation of Remote Sensing and UAV Observation
Authors: Zhang Baogang , Liu Ming , Li Ruicong , Liu Jie , Feng Lie , Zhang Han , Jiao Weili , Lang Liang
Published: September 2024

The urban canopy refers to the spatial area at the average height range of urban structures. The light environment of the urban canopy not only influences the ecological conditions of the canopy layer region but also serves as an indicator of the upward light influx of artificial nighttime light in the urban environment. Previous research on urban nighttime light environment mainly focused on the urban surface layer and urban night sky layer, lacking attention to the urban canopy layer. This study observes the urban canopy layer with the flight and photography functions of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and combines color band remote sensing data with ground measurement data to explore the relationship between the three levels of the urban nighttime light environment. Furthermore, a three–dimensional observation method is established for urban nighttime light environments based on a combination of three observation methods. The research results indicate that there is a good correlation between drone aerial photography data and remote sensing data (R2 = 0.717), as well as between ground–measured data and remote sensing data (R2 = 0.876). It also shows that UAV images can serve as a new path for the observation of urban canopy nighttime light environments because of the accuracy and reliability of UAV aerial data. Meanwhile, the combination of UAV photography, ground measurement, and remote sensing data provides a new method for the monitoring and control of urban nighttime light pollution.
Emerging Trends and Challenges of IoT in Smart Healthcare Systems, Smart Cities and Education
Authors: Khan Faheem
Published: September 2024

Due to the rapid growth of science and technology, many modern devices are being developed to support healthcare and education systems [...]
A Study on Miniaturized In-Situ Self-Calibrated Thermometers Based on Ga and Ga-Zn Fixed Points
Authors: Huang Haiying , Cai Wenlu , Mao Yongjian , Wan Kun , Wen Yong , Han Yuqiang , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Rong , Zheng Xing
Published: September 2024

In order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of long-term temperature measurement where the thermometers are discommodious or even impossible to access for conventional periodical calibration, a study on miniaturized in-situ self-calibrated (MISSC) thermometers based on Ga and Ga-Zn fixed points was conducted using temperature scale transfer technology. One MISSC thermometer consists of three parts: the first is the fixed-points hardware, including a container with two cells separately filled with Ga and Ga-Zn; the second is the temperature sensing hardware, made of a Type T thermocouple; the third is the mini-power heating hardware, made of a film resistance. The measurement and calibration (M&C) system comprises a temperature measurement and data processing subsystem and a mini-power heating control subsystem. Then, an in-situ self-calibration can be carried out by mini-power heating from a room temperature of about 20 °C, and then by comparison between the measured phase transition plateau results and the standard fixed-points, i.e., Ga fixed point (about 29.76 °C) and Ga-Zn fixed point (about 25.20 °C). A series of experiments were performed, and the results show that: (1) both the proposed hardware design and the self-calibration method are feasible, and (2) the Φ16 mm × 25 mm MISSC thermometer is found to be the most miniaturized one that can realize reliable self-calibration in this study.
Multitask Learning for Crash Analysis: A Fine-Tuned LLM Framework Using Twitter Data
Authors: Jaradat Shadi , Nayak Richi , Paz Alexander , Ashqar Huthaifa I. , Elhenawy Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a global public health issue, with traditional analysis methods often hindered by delays and incomplete data. Leveraging social media for real-time traffic safety analysis offers a promising alternative, yet effective frameworks for this integration are scarce. This study introduces a novel multitask learning (MTL) framework utilizing large language models (LLMs) to analyze RTC-related tweets from Australia. We collected 26,226 traffic-related tweets from May 2022 to May 2023. Using GPT-3.5, we extracted fifteen distinct features categorized into six classification tasks and nine information retrieval tasks. These features were then used to fine-tune GPT-2 for language modeling, which outperformed baseline models, including GPT-4o mini in zero-shot mode and XGBoost, across most tasks. Unlike traditional single-task classifiers that may miss critical details, our MTL approach simultaneously classifies RTC-related tweets and extracts detailed information in natural language. Our fine-tunedGPT-2 model achieved an average accuracy of 85% across the six classification tasks, surpassing the baseline GPT-4o mini model’s 64% and XGBoost’s 83.5%. In information retrieval tasks, our fine-tuned GPT-2 model achieved a BLEU-4 score of 0.22, a ROUGE-I score of 0.78, and a WER of 0.30, significantly outperforming the baseline GPT-4 mini model’s BLEU-4 score of 0.0674, ROUGE-I score of 0.2992, and WER of 2.0715. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our fine-tuned GPT-2 model in enhancing both classification and information retrieval, offering valuable insights for data-driven decision-making to improve road safety. This study is the first to explicitly apply social media data and LLMs within an MTL framework to enhance traffic safety.
The Mediating Role of Environmental Uncertainty in the Impact of Information Technology on Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Dağdeviren Ibrahim Ethem , Mirza Sakir
Published: September 2024

In a period in which competition and globalization are increasing day by day, the competition of companies exists among supply chains. To have and sustain competitiveness in the supply chain context, information technologies should be used, supply chain performance should be measured at certain intervals, and environmental uncertainty should be taken into account. In this framework, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between information technologies and supply chain performance and to investigate whether environmental uncertainty has a mediating role in this relationship. For this purpose, 192 data points were obtained via a survey obtained from the top 500 international companies active in Turkey and analyzed with SAS software. Resulting from the analysis, it was determined that there is a significant relationship between information technologies, environmental uncertainty, and supply chain performance, and between information technologies and environmental uncertainty. It is concluded that environmental uncertainty has a significant effect on supply chain performance, and information technologies have a significant effect on environmental uncertainty. In addition, it has been determined that information technologies have a significant effect on supply chain performance, and environmental uncertainty has a medi-ating role in this effect. According to the results of this study, managers are suggested to increase their supply chain performance by using information technologies and to consider environmental uncertainty to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
Can Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Gold Mining Effluent Be a Promising Alternative for Fertilizing Boreal Forest Stands?
Authors: Subedi Anoj , Robert Émilie , Braghiroli Flavia Lega , Girona Miguel Montoro
Published: September 2024

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant functioning, photosynthesis, and metabolic activities. In terrestrial settings, nitrogen is not always sufficiently available because its basic form (N2) must be fixed into other forms, such as nitrate and ammonium, to be usable by plants. Adding nitrogenous fertilizer to soils may provide a means of increasing forest productivity. Ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), an effluent produced during gold extraction, requires mining companies to manage its long-distance and costly transportation offsite for disposal. Applying this nitrogenous effluent, in its treated form of ammonium sulfate (ammoniacal nitrogen from mine water was converted into ammonium sulfate locally), to regional forest stands could provide a cost-effective and more environmentally sound means of managing this waste product and enhance forest productivity. Here, we conducted greenhouse- and field-based experiments to evaluate ammonium sulfate fertilization on black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedling growth. We assigned five treatments, varying in terms of the fertilizer concentration and presence/absence of biochar, to seedlings in greenhouse trials. We also applied various concentrations of ammonium sulfate to an 8-year-old black spruce plantation in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec. We found that black spruce and jack pine seedlings experienced greater growth than the controls in terms of the stem diameter (32–44%), seedling height (21–49%), and biomass (86–154%). In the field experiment, we observed 37% greater volumetric growth in plots receiving medium-level fertilization than the control. Although nitrogen fertilization lowered the soil pH, essential nutrients increased to favor greater seedling growth. Thus, ammonium sulfate, derived from local mining effluent, appears to offer a suitable alternative for enriching nitrogen-limited boreal soils and increasing tree growth. This application could benefit both regional mining industries and forest management bodies.
Ecological Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management of Pollutants in Hydroponic Wastewater from Plant Factories
Authors: Ryu Hong-Duck , Kim Jae-Hoon , Han Hyeyeol , Park Ju-Hyun , Kim Yong Seok
Published: September 2024

Although the plant factory (PF) industry is expanding worldwide, there are currently no regulatory measures for wastewater discharged from PFs in South Korea. This study aims to present the characteristics of major pollutants discharged from PFs that have not been reported in the literature and suggest effective management measures for them. The occurrence of 17 pollutants in hydroponic wastewater (HW) from 33 PFs was analyzed, and their potential ecological risk (PER) to aquatic life was assessed. Water samples were collected up to three times from each PF. The detection frequencies of 11 pollutants, including total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Mn, Ni, B, Mo, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ba, in HW exceeded 50%. Ni, Cr, and Ba are notably not recommended components of nutrient solutions in South Korea. Among the micropollutants, the concentration of Cu, which is a recommended component, was the highest, at 10.317 mg/L. The PER assessment identified Cu and Zn as “high-hazard” pollutants, with Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, and B prioritized for management. To ensure the sustainability of hydroponic cultivation, these five pollutants must be managed. Nature-based techniques, such as the implementation of constructed wetlands and phyto-filtration, are recommended for effective treatment.
Integrating City Master Plans with Sustainable and Smart Urban Development: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Przybysz André Luiz , Lima Angelica Duarte , Sá Clayton Pereira de , Resende David Nunes , Pagani Regina Negri
Published: September 2024

Urban configurations have substantial impacts on lifestyles, behaviors, and people’s daily lives. Elaborating urban plans based on smart and sustainable initiatives is a challenging task as it encompasses numerous multidisciplinary premises due to the dynamics of the urban context. This research aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature in three axes: sustainable urban development, city master plans, and smart cities. From the portfolio of papers built, it was possible to map projects designed for sustainable urban development in order to verify the integration of these projects with city master plans, specifically for smart cities. The content analysis also sought to identify global regions that use robust models, their frameworks, and technologies for this purpose as a strategy to identify which research or frameworks can be replicated in the future, helping to develop city master plans for smart cities. Although some results were found, it was observed that there is a lack of studies integrating the topics of smart cities, sustainability, and city master plans in the same discussion. Few types of research involve the three themes or their full application, being mostly described in isolation. Thus, the originality of this study is filling this gap in the literature.
Advanced Predictive Modeling for Dam Occupancy Using Historical and Meteorological Data
Authors: Badem Ahmet Cemkut , Yılmaz Recep , Cesur Muhammet Raşit , Cesur Elif
Published: September 2024

Dams significantly impact the environment, industries, residential areas, and agriculture. Efficient dam management can mitigate negative impacts and enhance benefits such as flood and drought reduction, energy efficiency, water access, and improved irrigation. This study tackles the critical issue of predicting dam occupancy levels precisely to contribute to sustainable water management by enabling efficient water allocation among sectors, proactive drought management, controlled flood risk mitigation, and preservation of downstream ecological integrity. Our research suggests that combining physical models of water inflow and outflow “such as evapotranspiration using the Penman–Monteith equation, along with parameters like water consumption, solar radiation, and rainfall” with data-driven models based on historical reservoir data is crucial for accurately predicting occupancy levels. We implemented various prediction models, including Random Forest, Extra Trees, Long Short-Term Memory, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit CV, and Lasso Lars CV. To strengthen our proposed model with robust evidence, we conducted statistical tests on the mean absolute percentage errors of the models. Consequently, we demonstrated the impact of physical model parameters on prediction performance and identified the best method for predicting dam occupancy levels by comparing it with findings from the scientific literature.
Sustainability of Alternatives to Animal Protein Sources, a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gil Marian , Rudy Mariusz , Duma-Kocan Paulina , Stanisławczyk Renata , Krajewska Anna , Dziki Dariusz , Hassoon Waleed H.
Published: September 2024

The manuscript was prepared to conduct a thorough analysis and deepen the understanding of sustainable food production and diets within the context of the challenges posed by intensive agricultural practices and their environmental impacts, as well as their effects on human health. The rapid growth of the human population necessitates an increase in food production to meet nutritional needs. However, increasing the production of animal-derived products, which are significant protein sources, is likely to worsen undesirable consequences, such as global climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, and a larger carbon footprint. Traditional farming techniques also contribute to environmental contamination due to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Transitioning to a sustainable food production model that addresses food needs while protecting consumer health and the environment is crucial. The challenge for the food industry and research centers is to find and develop the production of alternative sources of protein. In addition to the technological problems that must be solved, there is consumer education focused on healthy eating and overcoming psychological barriers related to the consumption of new foods.
Wear and Abrasion Resistance of Nitride Coatings on Ceramic Substrates Processed with Fast Argon Atoms
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey N. , Metel Alexander S. , Volosova Marina A. , Mustafaev Enver S. , Melnik Yury A.
Published: September 2024

The surfaces of ceramic products are replete with numerous defects, such as those that appear during the diamond grinding of sintered SiAlON ceramics. The defective surface layer is the reason for the low effectiveness of TiZrN coatings under abrasive and fretting wear. An obvious solution is the removal of an up to 4-µm-thick surface layer containing the defects. It was proposed in the present study to etch the layer with fast argon atoms. At the atom energy of 5 keV and a 0.5 mA/cm2 current density, the ions were converted into fast atoms and the sputtering rate for the SiAlON samples reached 20 μm/h. No defects were observed in the microstructures of coatings deposited after beam treatment for half an hour. The treatment reduced the volumetric abrasive wear by five times. The fretting wear was reduced by three to four times.
Local-Energy-Conservation-Based Decomposition Method for Wall Friction and Heat Flux
Authors: Tang Mingzhi , Zhou Wenfeng , Hu Yanchao , Wang Gang , Yang Yanguang
Published: September 2024

A novel decomposition method that adheres to both local time translation symmetry and spatial rotational symmetry is proposed in this study, thereby extending the limitations of existing methods, which are typically restricted to quasi-two-dimensional configurations. Grounded in the FIK and RD identities, this method provides a clear physical and reliable interpretation suitable for arbitrary-curvature profiles. Utilizing this method, an analysis of the aerothermodynamic characteristics of the bistable states of curved compression ramp flows was conducted. The results reveal that the generation of undisturbed and peak Cf is dominated by viscous dissipation. Specifically, flow separation happens when all of the energy input from the work exerted by the adverse pressure gradient (APG) is insufficient to be entirely converted into local viscous dissipation and kinetic energy. Furthermore, the propensity for flow separation at higher wall temperatures is firstly elucidated quantitatively from the perspective of the work by the APG. The peak heat flux is predominantly triggered by the work of viscous stress, with the secondary contribution from energy transport playing a more significant role in the generation of the peak heat flux of the separation state than that of the attachment state.
Can Methylococcus capsulatus Revolutionize Methane Capture and Utilization for Sustainable Energy Production?
Authors: Akinsemolu Adenike A. , Onyeaka Helen N.
Published: September 2024

Methane is the second largest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide. Once it is released into the atmosphere, methane lingers for over 10 years, during which it traps heat, contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone, and affects air quality adversely. Conversely, methane has some benefits that could be harnessed to address its impact on the environment while utilizing it for good. Methane’s significant role in global warming and potential for energy production and other beneficial applications necessitate the adoption of innovative solutions to remediate the gas from the atmosphere and harness some of its benefits. This article explores Methylococcus capsulatus, a methanotrophic bacterium, and its potential for revolutionizing sustainable methane capture and utilization. With its unique metabolic abilities, M. capsulatus efficiently oxidizes methane, making it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. We review current research in its current and potential applications in methane capture and utilization, emphasizing key characteristics, implementation challenges, benefits, and limitations in methane capture and conversion. We also highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations and technological advancements in synthetic biology to maximize its energy production potential. Our article analyzes M. capsulatus’ role in addressing methane-related environmental concerns and advancing sustainable energy solutions.
Environmental Chemical Exposomics and Metabolomics in Toxicology: The Latest Updates
Authors: Chen Minjian
Published: September 2024

This Editorial introduces the Special Issue titled “State-of-the-Art Environmental Chemical Exposomics and Metabolomics” [...]
Which Environmental Pollutants Are Toxic to Our Ears?—Evidence of the Ototoxicity of Common Substances
Authors: Zarus Gregory M. , Ruiz Patricia , Benedict Rae , Brenner Stephan , Carlson Krystin , Jeong Layna , Morata Thais C.
Published: September 2024

Ototoxicity refers to the adverse effects of substances on auditory or vestibular functions. This study examines the evidence of ototoxicity’s association with exposure to common environmental pollutants, as documented in toxicological profiles by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Our aim was to evaluate whether the evidence supports modifying the charting of ototoxic effects in the summary tables of these toxicological profiles and providing a guide for scientists to access these data. Health outcomes of interest included hearing loss, vestibular effects, cochlear lesions, tonal alterations, cellular damage, and ototoxicity-related outcomes (neurological, nephrotoxic, hepatic, and developmental effects). We obtained ototoxicity information for 62 substances. Hearing-related effects were reported, along with neurological effects. Overall, 26 profiles reported strong evidence of ototoxicity, including 13 substances previously designated as ototoxic by other health and safety agencies. Commonly studied outcomes included hearing loss, damage to ear anatomy, and auditory dysfunction. Vestibular dysfunction and tinnitus are rarely studied. Our findings highlight the lack of conclusive evidence of ototoxic properties for many substances, especially for pesticides and herbicides. This review supports charting the evidence of ototoxicity separately in toxicological profiles’ summary tables. Improving the communication of ototoxicity-related health effects might impact their recognition and prompt further research. A stronger evidence base could support improved prevention efforts in terms of serious health outcomes.
Advancing Human Vaccine Development Using Humanized Mouse Models
Authors: Han Runpeng , Su Lishan , Cheng Liang
Published: September 2024

The development of effective vaccines against infectious diseases remains a critical challenge in global health. Animal models play a crucial role in vaccine development by providing valuable insights into the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of immune response induction, which guide the design and formulation of vaccines. However, traditional animal models often inadequately recapitulate human immune responses. Humanized mice (hu-mice) models with a functional human immune system have emerged as invaluable tools in bridging the translational gap between preclinical research and clinical trials for human vaccine development. This review summarizes commonly used hu-mice models and advances in optimizing them to improve human immune responses. We review the application of humanized mice for human vaccine development with a focus on HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the remaining challenges and improvements needed for the currently available hu-mice models to better facilitate the development and testing of human vaccines for infectious diseases.
A Review of the Efficiency of Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from Wastewater by Physicochemical and Biological Processes: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Abdoli Sima , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Dehghanian Zahra , Bagheri Nazila , Vafaei Amir Hossein , Chamani Masoud , Rani Swati , Lin Zheya , Shu Weixi , Price G. W.
Published: September 2024

Phosphorus (P) discharge from anthropogenic sources, notably sewage effluent and agricultural runoff, significantly contributes to eutrophication in aquatic environments. Stringent regulations have heightened the need for effective P removal technologies in wastewater treatment processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current P removal methods, focusing on both biological and chemical approaches. Biological treatments discussed include enhanced biological P removal in activated sludge systems, biological trickling filters, biofilm reactors, and constructed wetlands. The efficiency of microbial absorption and novel biotechnological integrations, such as the use of microalgae and fungi, are also examined. Chemical treatments reviewed encompass the application of metal salts, advanced oxidation processes such as chlorination, ozonation, and the Fenton reaction, as well as emerging techniques including the Electro-Fenton process and photocatalysis. Analytical methods for P, including spectrophotometric techniques and fractionation analyses, are evaluated to understand the dynamics of P in wastewater. This review critically assesses the strengths and limitations of each method, aiming to identify the most effective and sustainable solutions for P management in wastewater treatment. The integration of innovative strategies and advanced technologies is emphasized as crucial for optimizing P removal and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
Vehicle Route Planning of Diverse Cargo Types in Urban Logistics Based on Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Tan Lingling , Zhu Kequan , Yi Junkai
Published: September 2024

In the realm of urban logistics, optimizing vehicle routes for varied cargo types—including refrigerated, fragile, and standard cargo—poses significant challenges amid complex urban infrastructures and heterogeneous vehicle capacities. This research paper introduces a novel model for the multi-type capacitated vehicle routing problem (MT-CVRP) that harnesses an advanced ant colony optimization algorithm, dubbed Lévy-EGACO. This algorithm integrates Lévy flights and elitist guiding principles, enhancing search efficacy and pheromone update processes. The primary objective of this study is to minimize overall transportation costs while optimizing the efficiency of intricate route planning for vehicles with diverse load capacities. Through rigorous simulation experiments, we corroborated the validity of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the Lévy-EGACO algorithm in optimizing urban cargo transportation routes. Lévy-EGACO demonstrated a consistent reduction in transportation costs, ranging from 1.8% to 2.5% compared to other algorithms, across different test scenarios following base data modifications. These findings reveal that Lévy-EGACO substantially improves route optimization, presenting a robust solution to the challenges of MT-CVRP within urban logistics frameworks.
Prioritizing Prevention: Examining Shelter Diversion as an Early Intervention Approach to Respond to Youth Homelessness
Authors: Milaney Katrina , Noble Amanda , Neil Alyjah Ermine , Stokvis Caitlin , Feraday Robyn , Feasby Claire , Vertes Nadine , Mah Meagan , Jackson Nicole , Main Kat , Punungwe Fadzai Blessing , Brick Kristen
Published: September 2024

There is a growing movement in Canada towards youth homelessness prevention. One such response, called shelter diversion aims to move young people into safe and supportive housing as quickly as possible. The objective of this project is to assess how, and in what ways, shelter diversion operates and whether this intervention permanently or temporarily diverts youth from homelessness. Our project is grounded in principles of community-based participatory research including community/university partnerships and an advisory committee of lived-experience experts. Our team is utilizing mixed methods to capture the outcomes of diversion programs. Data collection began in September 2022 and ended in May 2024. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis is underway. Preliminary results show differences in how diversion is defined and implemented across organizations. There are also differences in staffing models and program budgets. The findings from this study will contribute to a recommendation for a national definition and adaptable program model for shelter diversion, easily accessible to support the expansion of diversion programs into youth-serving organizations across Canada. This study is the first in Canada to examine the effectiveness of shelter diversion as an early intervention strategy to prevent youth homelessness on a national scale.
POLA INTERAKSI GURU DAN MURID DALAM PERSPEKTIF SURAH AL BAQOROH AYAT 30
Authors: Sholihah Syifa Rizki
Published: September 2024

Abstract : Education is a process of change that leads individuals to a better state. In the educational process, the interaction or relationship between teachers and students is a factor that affects the quality of learning. This study aims to explore a verse in the Koran, Surah Al Baqoroh verse 30 which is implemented in education. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a verse interpretation approach which is described in descriptive form, then concluded with the educational values ​​contained in the verse.
Keywords: Education, Interaction, Al Baqoroh Verse 30
Abstrak : Pendidikan adalah proses perubahan yang mengarahkan individu kepada keadaan yang lebih baik. Dalam proses pendidikan, interaksi atau hubungan antara guru dan murid merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengupas sebuah ayat dalam al quran, Surah Al Baqoroh ayat 30 yang diimplementasikan ke dalam pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan tafsir ayat yang dijabarkan dalam bentuk deskriptif, kemudian disimpulkan dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung di dalam ayat.
Kata kunci : Pendidikan, Interaksi, Al Baqoroh Ayat 30
Perfil da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de adolescentes escolares
Authors: Truccolo Adriana Barni , Oliveira Vanessa Meyer de , Oliveira Claudia Souza de , Maciel Franciélli Rosa
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A Aptidão Física referenciada à saúde (ApRS) é a capacidade de executar atividades físicas de forma vigorosa e sem excesso de fadiga. Níveis satisfatórios de ApRS estão fortemente associados à promoção da saúde e à prevenção de doenças, sendo um importante marcador de saúde na infância e adolescência. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil da ApRS de adolescentes escolares. Método: Estudo Epidemiológico Transversal realizado com 563 adolescentes, sendo 235 meninas e 328 meninos pertencentes a oito escolas localizadas na área urbana de Alegrete, RS. As medidas e testes aplicados seguiram o protocolo do Projeto Esporte Brasil PROESP – BR. Resultados: Quando da análise da composição corporal, os resultados não apresentaram diferença significativa (p=0,46) entre meninos (20,8 ± 1,00 Kg/m2) e meninas (21,6± 2,33 Kg/m2) no IMC. No teste de sentar e alcançar, 63,4% (199) e 76,06% (216) dos meninos e meninas, respectivamente, apresentaram flexibilidade acima da Zona de ApRS. Para o teste de abdominal, os resultados mostraram que 45,86% (144) e 42,99% (135) dos meninos apresentaram resistência acima e abaixo da ApZRs, respectivamente e 39% (111) e 40% (140) das meninas apresentaram resistência acima e abaixo da ApZRs, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que as meninas apresentam uma maior tendência para sobrepeso e obesidade, níveis superiores de flexibilidade e menor resistência muscular localizada quando comparadas com os meninos, indicando que sexo possa interferir na Aptidão física relacionada à saúde desses escolares.
Tricobezoar gástrico infantil – revisão literária
Authors: Rabelo Delon Calixto , Mendoza Winston Alberto Ribera , Barbosa Danielle Alcantara
Published: September 2024

Este artigo relata o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino que apresentava aumento do volume abdominal e dor abdominal difusa e que ao ser submetida a exames de imagens fora constatado uma massa endurecida fixa ocupando todo o epigástrico até o mesogástrio de aproximadamente 25 cm, o que levou ao diagnóstico de tricobezoar, condição que, no caso da paciente em questão, está relacionada à tricofagia e tricotilomania. Após o diagnóstico houve a necessidade da intervenção cirúrgica através da laparotomia exploradora. Assim, a correção da GOO sem a necessidade de cirurgia é um problema que se tentou resolver nestas décadas. Com o desenvolvimento da endoscopia terapêutica em pacientes pediátricos, a endoscopia terapêutica torna-se parte integrante da gestão de pacientes pediátricos com GOO. Nas últimas décadas, o tratamento endoscópico da GOO desenvolveu com EBD e recursos avançados adicionais, dispositivos e técnicas como injeção local de esteróides, eletrocauterização, G-POEM e Stent foram adicionados para aumentar a eficácia do EBD. Com melhorias nas técnicas e dispositivos, resultados terapêuticos da EBD têm sido alcançados em pediatria pacientes com estenose péptica pilórica, IHPS, lesão cáustica estenose pilórica relacionada, teia antral congênita, GOO pós-operatória e GOO relacionada a AINEs. Apesar das dificuldades técnicas inerentes a este procedimento em crianças, a injeção local de esteróides e a eletrocauterização podem aumentar o efeito do EBD. A endoscópica peroral gástrica e piloromiotomia (G- POEM) parecem ser tecnicamente viáveis em pacientes com IHPS. Aplicações clínicas do G-POEM em pacientes pediátricos com gastroparesia pode ser considerada após a confirmação de sua eficácia e segurança em estudos pediátricos.
Inteligência artificial e doenças raras: avanços recentes e implicações clínicas
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro José Targino , Freire Camila de Almeida , Aragão Ana Marta Andrade , Araújo Fca Lidiany Santos de , Pedrosa Gabriel de Albuquerque , Aguiar Afif Rieth Nery , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Pereira de , Bonfim Bárbara Vilani Bezerra , Araújo Leonardo Almeida de , Silveira Mariana Rocha , Sousa Danilo José de , Deus Leord Holanda Rebouças de , Mesquita Renato Catunda , Holanda Monique Andrade , Araujo Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira , Maciel Marília de Holanda Cavalcanti , Oliveira Raquel Pereira de
Published: September 2024

Os desafios significativos no diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças raras despertam curiosidade e necessitam de mais estudos e discussão. Dessa forma, se busca explorar outras formas de resolver problemas e a inteligência artificial (IA) pode transformar essa área. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a eficácia da IA ​​em superar barreiras diagnósticas e terapêuticas, além de investigar suas implicações éticas. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando descritores específicos na base de dados PubMed, resultando na seleção artigos relevantes publicados entre 2019 e 2024. Os resultados mostram que a IA possui um potencial significativo para melhorar a precisão diagnóstica e a otimização tratamentos, especialmente em casos em que a variabilidade e a complexidade dos dados são elevadas. Observe-se que, com dados de treinamento adequados, a IA pode igualar ou superar especialistas humanos em algumas áreas, como oftalmologia e dermatologia. Conclui-se que, embora promissora, a melhoria da IA ​​na prática médica deve ser acompanhada de padrões rigorosos e treinamento contínuo dos profissionais de saúde, garantindo a segurança e a privacidade dos pacientes, além de melhorar o auxílio aos resultados clínicos para pacientes com doenças raras.
What Is the Magical Cavitation Bubble: A Holistic Perspective to Trigger Advanced Bubbles, Nano-Sonocatalysts, and Cellular Sonosensitizers
Authors: Wu Xiaoge , Chen Fulong , Zhang Qi , Tu Juan
Published: September 2024

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a novel and highly researched advancement in the medical field. Traditional ultrasound contrast agents and novel bubble-shaped agents are used to stimulate cavitation and enhance SDT efficiency. However, the impact of artificially modified shell structures on the acoustic properties of microbubbles remains to be explored. Alternatively, in the absence of bubble-shaped agents, some clinically available organic sonosensitizers and advanced inorganic materials are also used to enhance the efficacy of SDT. Diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound can also activate cavitation bubbles, which supply energy to sonosensitive agents, leading to the production of cytotoxic free radicals to achieve therapeutic effects. While inorganic materials often spark controversy in clinical applications, their relatively simple structure enables researchers to gain insight into the mechanism by which SDT produces various free radicals. Some organic–inorganic hybrid sonosensitive systems have also been reported, combining the benefits of inorganic and organic sonosensitive agents. Alternatively, by employing cell surface modification engineering to enable cells to perform functions such as immune escape, drug loading, gas loading, and sonosensitivity, cellular sonosensitizers have also been developed. However, further exploration is needed on the acoustic properties, ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and potential clinical application of this cellular sonosensitizer. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of vesical microbubbles and nanoscale sonocatalysts, including organic, inorganic, combined organic–inorganic sonosensitizers, and cellular sonosensitizers. This analysis will enhance our understanding of SDT and demonstrate its important potential in transforming medical applications.