bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation Proposal of Substations for a Large Data Centres
Authors: Vujović Ivan , Stojanović Zoran ,   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Đurišić Željko ,   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering
Published: September 2022

Large Data Centers (DCs) needs significant energy that enables uninterruptible and quality power supply for equipment and devices in the building. Connection between DC and Power System (PS) is realized through substations (SSs). Good design of SSs and connections between them, proper equipment dimensioning as well as enabling supervisioning and management of equipment in SSs are basis for achieving high reliability and redundancy in electrical energy power supply. The paper is divided in three parts. In the first part is given a proposal for SSs realization for different voltage levels. There are described components and devices of which SSs are composed and connections between them. Second part refers to protection systems for transformers, busbars and power lines. Special emphasis is on supervision and management for SSs equipment and systems that are described in the third part of paper. In the electrical power part the proposal for a 2N + 1 design of the redundant power supply for DC from PS is given. Challenge for protection system is to enable switch-off one or a few in the many transformers in the case of failure so that on all voltage levels, remaining transformers stay functional without interruption. Functional transformers equally take over the power load of one or more transformers that are in malfunction and turn off from busbars. In the case when one busbar or a busbar system is in fault, it is necessary to enable uninterruptible power supply of the DC through functional busbar systems. Substations equipment is connected to centralized supervisory and management system (SMS) realized according to IEC 61850 standard and Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) architecture. The paper provides a brief view of protocols in IEC 61850 standard and TCP/IP stack that are used in the SMS design. A vision of future automation development and application of artificial intelligence in SSs is presented at the end of the paper.
Application of CFD and Artificial Intelligence for Prediction of Biomass Particle Burnout and Residence Time in the Reactor
Authors:   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Žarković Mileta , Antonijević Vladimir , Milićević Aleksandar , Belošević Srđan ,   Institute “Mihailo Pupin”, Belgrade
Published: September 2022

In planning the development of the energy sector, increasing attention is paid to renewable energy sources, such as biomass. The process of (co)combustion of biomass in boiler furnaces is extremely complex with many coupled parameters. Because of that, the development and application of computational fluid mechanics and artificial intelligence are approached, as efficient tools for the analysis of physical and chemical processes that take place during combustion. The paper presents the applied CFD code and the methodology of application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems (ANFIS) in the field of machine learning for predicting the biomass particle burnout and residence time in a 150 kW reactor. Test cases for combustion of three types of pulverized biomass with different diameters and shape factors were considered. A database with the values of mass burnout and residence time of particles was obtained by means of numerical simulations using the in-house developed computer code. The results of ANFIS application on the formed base indicate the possibility of a reliable assessment of mass burnout and residence time of particles, based on knowledge of the type, diameter and shape factors of the fuel introduced into the furnace. The presented models represent a good basis for the implementation and application of CFD and ANFIS models at various thermal energy plants, in order to assess the efficiency of fuel combustion in the furnace.
What Connects Energy Transition and Rural Development in Serbia?
Authors: Vasić Goran
Published: September 2022

The Republic of Serbia has a very pronounced agricultural component in its economic structure, which is connected with a significant part of the total population living and working in rural areas. National policies that treat agriculture and rural development are identical to energy policies under the increased attention of the academic, professional and general public. Serbia is in the process of harmonizing its legislation and economic environment with the rules of business and legal frameworks in the European Union. This paper analyses the links between rural development and energy transition in response to global challenges such as climate change, land degradation and ecosystem damage through the prism of EU policies and expected implementation in the legal system and strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia. Areas of overlap have been identified as well as complementary zones that should be taken into account when designing future national policies related to energy and agriculture. Some barriers have been identified that need to be removed at this initial stage in order to approach the formulation of policies based on reliable and verified data.
Directional Ground Overcurrent Protection Setting Calculation in Transmission Network by Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors:   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Todorović Miljana , Savić Aleksandar
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the procedure of directional ground overcurrent protection setting calculation in the transmission network by using classical calculation procedure and by using an advanced algorithm of differential evolution. To meet the basic requirements of relay protection systems such as speed, selectivity, coordination and sensitivity, the conditions that need to be considered when setting directional ground overcurrent protection are defined. By using the optimization method, the problem was solved in two ways. In the first case, the settings are designed to minimize the total response time of directional ground overcurrent protection to remote-end high-resistance faults, whereas in the second case the settings are designed so that the maximum response time to remote-end high-resistance fault is minimal. The results obtained using the classical approach are compared with the results obtained using the optimization method and the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are highlighted.
Impact Estimation of Distributed Generation from Solar Power Plants Connected to the Distribution System on Active Power Losses in the Transmission System
Authors: Simović Vojislav , Žerajić Miroslav
Published: September 2022

Connecting solar power plants at low and medium voltage level is the most efficient way to integrate this type of renewable energy source power plant into the power system. With this approach, it is achieved that the generation is close to the consumption/demand and therefore, active power flows on the overhead lines and cables are lower which consequently leads to a reduction of losses both in transmission and distribution system. This estimation will be carried out by using real historical measurements of the consumption/demand and active power losses values for every hour in the one year time period. Those values present inputs for the transmission system simulation model as well as the reference values for comparison of the results after the integration. Distributed generation will be modelled as load reduction on substations 110/X kV/kV taking into account hourly profiles of both solar power plant generation and consumption/demand on the relevant substations.
El CNB del nivel Preprimario: problemas, fortalezas y debilidades
Authors: Paiz Paz Mindy Gabriela
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: identificar la problemática que enfrenta la aplicación del CNB en el nivel Preprimario, sus fortalezas y debilidades para poder aportar soluciones ya que se constituye como una herramienta valiosa en la problemática educativa del país. MÉTODO: se utilizó el método investigativo y hermenéutico tomando en consideración opiniones y puntos de vista de pedagogos y personas vinculadas al tema. RESULTADOS: como producto de la escasa inversión pública en educación se demuestra que la mayor parte de maestras del nivel Preprimario no han recibido la inducción pertinente ni el apoyo en materiales e insumos que deberían tener para poder realizar exitosamente su labor.  CONCLUSIÓN:  el CNB del nivel Preprimario se constituye en una herramienta valiosa que vino a constituirse como un elemento innovador de la educación de los niños y niñas de la segunda infancia y que tiene como competencias el prepararlos con valores, juicio crítico y aprestamiento eficaz para enfrentarse a los desafíos del nivel Primario.
Ambientes familiares y aprendizaje durante la pandemia del COVID -19
Authors: Pineda Escobar Elvia Amarilis
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO:  describir cómo son los espacios de los ambientes familiares de los estudiantes en la educación virtual y su relación con el aprendizaje, según la percepción de los educandos. MÉTODO: se trabajó desde un enfoque mixto, diseño de triangulación concurrente y alcance descriptivo y explicativo. La muestra se eligió de manera intencionada por conveniencia quedando determinada por la participación voluntaria, y quedó constituida por 23 estudiantes del INEB Telesecundaria Ciudad Peronia y 18 estudiantes del INEB Telesecundaria El Calvario, además de nueve madres y un padre de familia. RESULTADOS: los padres de familia revelan en la entrevista, que los espacios que ocupan sus hijos para recibir clases virtuales durante la pandemia COVID- 19, varían, unos tienen buena iluminación y son amplios y cómodos, pero la mayoría son pequeños, en ocasiones no tiene un lugar fijo, trabajan algunas veces en la recámara e incluso afuera de la casa, en general las familias son de escasos recursos.  CONCLUSIÓN: los estudiantes y padres de familia de los centros educativos de Telesecundaria Ciudad Peronia y El Calvario, afirman que reciben clases en la sala o en sus habitaciones, los ambientes familiares se vuelven salones de clases con condiciones no aptas para el aprendizaje.
Las estrategias innovadoras y el aprendizaje significativo
Authors: Fuentes Martínez Iraida Lisseth
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: determinar las estrategias innovadoras que han aplicado los docentes para el logro de un aprendizaje significativo. MÉTODO: enfoque mixto. El tipo de muestra es no probabilístico, se realizó un muestreo denominado censo, porque toda la población fue seleccionada para este estudio, con un total de 48 profesores, de los cuales 46 respondieron y 2 se abstuvieron. RESULTADOS: se reveló que los profesores en su mayoría manifiestan que periódicamente utilizan estrategias innovadoras en la modalidad híbrida y las actividades sincrónicas las usan para el logro de un aprendizaje significativo en las sesiones de aprendizaje, utilizan la clase invertida, evidenciando las opciones que nos brinda esta es la más adecuada para ellos. La herramienta que más utilizan los profesores con sus estudiantes es la plataforma Moddle. CONCLUSIÓN: las estrategias innovadoras que más aplican en su acción educativa, en la modalidad asincrónica es la plataforma Moddle, tales como el portafolio, el foro, el correo y la web educativa; en la modalidad sincrónica se utilizó para las conversaciones en forma oral o escrita, Zoom, por medio de las videoconferencias, el WhatsApp, para mantener fluida la comunicación asertiva con sus estudiantes, en su acción educativa en su orden de selección eligió  la opción múltiple u otros y las  herramientas de organizadores gráficos le fueron de mucha utilidad para el aprendizaje significativo.
Participación de la mujer frente al cambio climático en comunidades rurales
Authors: García Recinos Ana Lucely
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: determinar la participación de la mujer en acciones frente al cambio climático en las comunidades de Santa Cruz del Quiché. MÉTODO: enfoque cualitativo, alcance descriptivo y diseño fenomenológico, se seleccionó una muestra de 10 mujeres lideresas y 3 trabajadores institucionales, las estrategias de recolección de datos fueron la entrevista semi estructurada y el grupo focal. RESULTADOS: se evidencia la existencia de programas gubernamentales que trabajan en temas de cambio climático, en los que participan mujeres del área rural, en diversas actividades de adaptación y mitigación a este fenómeno. Ellas pueden optar a la conformación de comités legalizados, pero solo una minoría pueden ser miembros de COCODES, alcaldías auxiliares y COMUDES, debido a las barreras que aún existen como: la autoexclusión, el machismo, la pobreza, el analfabetismo, enfermedad, género y tiempo. CONCLUSION: finalmente las instituciones han contribuido para el fomento de la participación de la mujer, generando beneficios como el empoderamiento, conocimiento de los derechos, inclusión en espacios comunitarios, pero aun es un reto la eliminación del machismo y diversas formas de exclusión.
Sex and ethnicity modified high 1-year mortality in patients in Singapore with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tan Eugene SJ , Zheng Huili , Ling Joanna Zhi Jie , Ganesan Ganga , Lau Zheng Yi , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Lim Toon Wei
Published: September 2022

Introduction: We investigated sex and ethnic differences in the incidence, clinical characteristics and 1-year mortality of patients with newly diagnosed AF in a multi-ethnic population.
Method: This retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with AF from 2008 to 2015 was based on medical claims, casemix and subvention data submitted to the Ministry of Health. Patients with AF were matched with controls without AF for age (3-year bands), sex and ethnicity, and categorised as middle-aged (45–64 years) or elderly (≥65 years) among major ethnic groups in Singapore (Chinese, Malay and Indian).
Results: Among 40,602 adults with AF (elderly 74%), Malays had the highest age-standardised incidence rate of AF, followed by Chinese and Indians; and the rate was higher in men. Despite having the worst cardiovascular risk profile, Indians had the lowest prevalence and incidence of AF. The 1-year mortality rate after newly diagnosed AF was 22–26 deaths per 100 people. Newly diagnosed AF was independently associated with increased 1-year all-cause mortality among middle-aged (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.36–11.20) and elderly adults (AOR 3.60, 95% CI 3.40–3.80) compared with those without AF. Sex differences in mortality among patients with AF were limited to elderly adults (men: AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11–1.24), while Indians were associated with a 30% increased odds of mortality compared with Chinese regardless of age (middle-aged: AOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09–1.548 elderly: AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.22–1.45).
Conclusion: Variations in incidence, clinical profile and 1-year mortality of patients with AF in a nationwide cohort were influenced by sex and ethnicity. Newly diagnosed AF portends a worse prognosis and is a marker of high mortality within the first year.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, ethnic differences, one-year mortality, sex differences
Prácticas externas y formación profesional. Familia de actividades físicas y deportivas (External internships and vocational training. Family of physical and sports activities)
Authors: Rius Jordi Brasó , Arderiu Antonell Meritxell
Published: September 2022

Los ámbitos de ocupación profesional de los ciclos formativos para la familia de actividades físicas y deportivas son muy amplios. Por todo ello hay que proponer un buen modelo de prácticas externas que se relacionen con las competencias que las titulaciones ofrecen y que el futuro profesional deberá desarrollar. El objetivo de la presente aportación es desarrollar una propuesta de los diferentes espacios de prácticas educativas para el alumnado de ciclos formativos de la familia de actividades físicas y deportivas para obtener experiencias de calidad. La metodología se ha basado en el análisis de expertos en el ámbito de los documentos, decretos y orientaciones que regulan y guían los estudios con la metodología Delphi. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad y necesidad de ofrecer prácticas que potencien el desarrollo de diferentes habilidades, en diferentes ámbitos y ofrezcan aprendizajes globales. La formación profesional dual puede ser una opción pertinente para relacionar alumnado, institución y mundo laboral.
Abstract. The fields of professional occupation for the family of physical and sports activities in the training cycles are very wide. For all these reasons, it is necessary to propose a good model of external internships that are related to the competences that the degrees offer. The objective of the proposal is to develop a proposal of the different spaces of educational practices for the students of formative cycles of the family of physical and sports activities to obtain quality experiences. The methodology has been based on the analysis of experts in the field of documents, decrees and guidelines that regulate the studies with Delphi metodology. The results show the possibility and need to offer practices that enhance the development of different skills, in different areas and offer global learning. Dual vocational training can be a relevant option to relate student, institution, and the world of work.
Diámetros óseos y su relación con el IMC y porcentaje grasa en deportistas universitarios mexicanos (Bone diameters and their relationship with BMI and fat percentage in Mexican college athletes)
Authors: López García Ricardo , Lagunes Carrasco José Omar , Carranza García Luis Enrique , Navarro Orocio Ricardo , Castro Zamora Andrés Aquilino
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los diámetros óseos con el IMC (índice de masa corporal) y el porcentaje grasa en deportistas universitarios mexicanos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 335 hombres (21,26 ± 1,97 años) y 339 mujeres (20,83 ± 2,97 años). A los participantes se les midió peso y estatura para obtener el IMC, y clasificar los rangos en normopeso y sobrecarga ponderal (sobrepeso y obesidad). También se evaluaron diámetros óseos (biacromial, transverso del tórax, antero-posterior del tórax, biiliocrestal, húmero y fémur) y pliegues cutáneos para obtener el porcentaje de grasa. Todas las mediciones se realizaron siguiendo las recomendaciones de la ISAK. Los análisis estadísticos se llevaron a cabo con el software SPSS (Versión 25). Los hombres y mujeres que presentaron un IMC de sobrecarga ponderal mostraron diámetros óseos más anchos y un mayor porcentaje grasa que los de normopeso (p = 0,000). Resultaron altas correlaciones del diámetro transverso del tórax y diámetro antero-posterior del tórax con un IMC (p ≤ 0,001) y, asociaciones moderadas en los diámetros transverso del tórax, antero-posterior del tórax, biiliocrestal y fémur con el porcentaje grasa (p ≤ 0,001). Tener un mayor diámetro óseo puede estar asociado con un elevado IMC de sobrepeso y obesidad, y un alto porcentaje de grasa.
Palabras claves: diámetros óseos, IMC, deportistas, porcentaje grasa, obesidad.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to relate bone diameters with BMI (body mass index) and fat percentage in Mexican university athletes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 335 men (21.26 ± 1.97 years) and 339 women (20.83 ± 2.97 years). Participants were measured for weight and height to obtain BMI, and to classify the ranges into normal weight and ponderal index (overweight and obesity). Bone diameters (biacromial, transverse thoracic, antero-posterior thoracic, biiliocrestal, humerus and femur) and skinfolds were also evaluated to obtain the percentage of fat. All measurements were performed according to ISAK recommendations. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software (Version 25). Men and women with a ponderal index BMI showed wider bone diameters and a higher percentage of fat than those with normal weight (p = 0.000). High correlations of transverse thoracic diameter and antero-posterior thoracic diameter with BMI (p ≤ 0.001) and moderate associations of transverse thoracic, antero-posterior thoracic, biiliocrestal and femur diameters with fat percentage (p ≤ 0.001) resulted. Having a larger bone diameter may be associated with an elevated BMI of overweight and obesity, and a high percentage of fat.
Key words: bone diameters, BMI, athletes, fat percentage, obesity.
Desenvolvimento, modelagem e simulação do processo de extração e purificação de bixina de sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L.)
Authors:   , Colosimo Débora Freitas
Published: September 2022

Com o objetivo de extrair e purificar a bixina de sementes de urucum, um novo processo baseado em extração alcalina, partição com sistemas aquosos bifásicos (SAB) e precipitação ácida foi desenvolvido em um simulador SuperPro Designer v. 7.0® (INTELLIGEN INC, USA). Para implementar o modelo, foram obtidos dados experimentais da lixiviação das sementes, extração líquida do pigmento em SAB e precipitação ácida. As sementes foram lixiviadas com soluções salinas alcalinas para a obtenção do extrato. Um planejamento fatorial de face centrada (DFFC) foi aplicado para investigar os efeitos da concentração de sal, pH e temperatura sobre o rendimento de extração do pigmento. Os maiores valores de rendimento foram obtidos quando se utilizou fosfato de potássio, concentração do sal de 20% (p/p), temperatura 25 o C e pH 9,0. O extrato obtido foi então purificado usando SAB composto por fosfato de potássio (14%) pH 9,0 e polietileno glicol 1500 mol/L (14%) e este processo revelou que o sal de norbixina particionou preferencialmente para a fase superior (Kp = 210,21). O estudo de precipitação demonstrou que à medida que o pH diminui (até pH 5,0), a concentração do sal de norbixina na fase superior do SAB diminui. A simulação do processo com 1 ton de sementes de urucum indicou que a planta tem capacidade para produzir mais de 1.900 kg/ano do produto principal (88% de norbixina). O preço de venda ($ 2.400/kg) foi determinado como parâmetro mais sensível na análise de sensibilidade. Baseado nos indices econômicos analisados o projeto mostrou-se atrativo. Palavras-chave: Urucum. Extração alcalina. SAB. SuperPro Designer.
Unraveling how an auxin signaling mutation affects the xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety in tomato
Authors:   , Andrade Moab Torres de
Published: September 2022

Auxins are known to regulate xylem development in plants, however, their effects on water transport efficiency and hydraulic safety are poorly known. Here we used tomato plants of the diageotropica mutant (dgt), which has impaired function of a Cyclophilin 1 cis/trans isomerase involved in auxin signaling, and its corresponding wild type (WT), to explore its effects on plant hydraulics and leaf gas exchanges. The xylem conduits of dgt showed a reduced hydraulically-weighted vessel diameter (D h ) (24-43%) and conduit number (25-58%) in petioles and stems, resulting in lower theoretical hydraulic conductivities (K t ). On the other hand, no changes in root D h and K t were observed. In addition, the measured stem and leaf hydraulic conductances of dgt agreed with the K t values and were lower (up to 81%). Despite dgt and WT showing similar root D h and K t , the measured root hydraulic conductance of dgt was 75% lower. The dgt mutation increased the vein (D v ) and stomata density (D s ), which could potentially increase photosynthesis. Nevertheless, even presenting the same photosynthetic capacity of WT plants, the dgt showed a photosynthetic rate c. 25% lower, coupled with a stomatal conductance reduction of 52%. These results clearly demonstrate that increases in D v and D s only result in higher leaf gas exchange when accompanied by higher hydraulic efficiency. The dgt also showed higher wall thickness per conduit diameter ratio (t/b) 3 , without major modifications in the pit membranes and cell wall reinforcement. The changes in xylem architecture resulted in a more negative Ψ 50 (water potential of 50% loss hydraulic conductivity), with a difference of 0.25 MPa and an increase of 64% in hydraulic safety margin comparison with WT plants. Under water deficit, dgt took twice as many days to reach Ψ 50 (-1.34±0.06 MPa) and half the time after rehydration to recover gas exchange when compared with WT (Ψ 50 = -1.14±0.08 MPa). To confirm that the improved  50 of dgt was functionally significant, we exposed WT plants to a more intense water deficit (equivalent to dgt’s Ψ 50 ) and, indeed, WT plants did not show photosynthetic recovery under this condition. Therefore, we demonstrate that the changes in the xylem as a function of the mutation in auxin perception result in a severe reduction on in hydraulic efficiency and increased hydraulic safety. Keywords: Ailsa Craig. Gas exchange. Solanum lycopersicum. Water deficit. Water transport. Xylem anatomy.
Oral Health Status among Children between the Ages of 12 and 15 Attending Government and Private School Systems in Bareilly City
Authors:   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, India, Gautam Nandita , Kushwah Anushtha ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, India, Chandak Ankita ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, India, Yadav Yesha ,   Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, India, Upadhyay Shaurya ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, India
Published: September 2022

Background: Statistics on the oral health status of children from various socioeconomic backgrounds are available through assessments of children’s oral health status in public and private schools. The current study’s objective is to evaluate and compare the levels of oral hygiene, gingival health, and caries experience among students attending government and private schools in Bareilly City. Subjects and Methods: The study participants were selected using a stratified random sample technique combined with cluster sampling. The oral hygiene state, gingival status, and caries experience of 12 and 15-year-old students from three public and private schools were evaluated and compared. Three qualified and calibrated investigators used a mouth mirror and explorer while doing the test outside in the daytime. Results: The research observes 604 kids in all, 331 from the government and 273 from private homes. Kids attend government schools had a mean oral hygiene index that was simplified (OHIS) that was greater (2.9 [1.1]) than kids attending private schools (0.6 [0.4]). Children attending government schools had higher mean gingival scores and mean decaying, missing, and filled tooth than those attending private schools. Students at government schools were far more likely to have poor oral hygiene, mild to severe gingivitis, and caries encounter. Conclusion: Compared to children attending government schools, students who attend private schools had a considerably lower rate of oral illnesses. Therefore, in any statewide school oral health programs that are proposed, children from government schools should be given preference over those from private schools
Groundwater Modeling: A Tool for Groundwater Management to Support Urban Water Supply and Food Security
Authors:   Irrigation Research Institute (IRI), Government of the Punjab, Irrigation Department, Library Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Zakir-Hassan Ghulam , Hassan Faiz Raza ,   Irrigation Research Institute (IRI), Government of the Punjab, Irrigation Department, Library Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Akhtar Saleem ,   Irrigation Research Institute (IRI), Government of the Punjab, Irrigation Department, Library Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Rizvi Sultán Ahmad ,   Punjab Agriculture Research Board (PARB), Lahore, Pakistan, Shabir Ghulam ,   Irrigation Research Institute (IRI), Government of the Punjab, Irrigation Department, Library Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Hassan Khan Muhammad Ali ,   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2022

Faisalabad is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan where underlying aquifer mostly contains saline water. Heavy population of the city needs huge quantity of fresh water. Water requirements for the existing Faisalabad city are being met by installation of well-fields along Jhang Branch canal, where groundwater is fresh. The increasing population pressure requires more water and identify more suitable sites for installation of well-field on sustainable basis. It was deemed imperative to elevate the existing well field. The MODFLOW, a numerical groundwater model developed by United States Geological Survey (USGS) for simulation and future prediction of aquifer behavior in response to pumping by various well fields was developed, calibrated and validated satisfactorily. A groundwater decomposition approach was also developed to tune various coefficients used in estimation of inflow and outflow components of groundwater system. The calibrated model was used to predict the future response of aquifer under different scenarios of pumping by existing and future/proposed wellfields. Calibrated flow model revealed that a sink has already been developed at the center of existing well-field of Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) due to excessive pumpage. Future predictions of model indicate that there is no conspicuous change in regional groundwater flow pattern, even with all the existing tubewells remain in operation. However, the sink in the WASA well field area further deepens, and flow gradients become comparatively steep showing increase in groundwater flow velocity. Depth to watertable has already increased from 12 m in 2005 to 16 m in 2011 in the critical area of WASA well field. Model has predicted that this depth will further increase to 24 m in 2018. It has also been observed that groundwater quality along the river is fresh and becomes saline towards Faisalabad city. Due to pumpage in the freshwater zone model predicts that saline water will rush towards well fields deteriorating the quality of fresh water along Jhang Branch Canal. Therefore, it has been suggested that site for further pumping should be moved towards upstream of Jhang Branch Canal at least up to RD 180-187 and possibly on right side of the canal instead of left side
Effect of Structured Instructional Module Regarding Osteoporosis on Knowledge among Postmenopausal Women in Selected Hospital
Authors:   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Shri Sathya Sai College of Nursing, Chengalpet, India, Rani R Golda Sahaya
Published: September 2022

According to World Health Organization (WHO) over 200 million people worldwide are affected As per Indian census population above 50yrs, there is an estimate that 20% of women and 10-15% men are osteoporosis. The key factor to avoid severe effects from osteoporosis is prevention. The main objectives of the study was to assess and compare the knowledge of postmenopausal women regarding prevention of Osteoporosis.Pre experimental one group pretest posttest design was used. The study was conducted at Deepam Hospital, Chennai.30 Female were selected using convenient sampling. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of postmenopausal women regarding prevention of osteoporosis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study. It is evident from the data present was significant difference between the overall pre and posttest which implies gain in knowledge level about osteoporosis among Postmenopausal women. The total mean score in pre-test knowledge was 11.733 and total mean score in post test knowledge was 16.4. The mean difference (-4.667) between total pre and post knowledge shows a true difference. Since the calculated‘t’ value (18.95) was greater than the table value. The research hypothesis was accepted at 0.001 level of significance. Instructional module is an effective strategy in enhancing knowledge improving practices of postmenopausal women regarding prevention of osteoporosis
Analysis of the effect of childhood stress on the expression of serotonin system genes in the hippocampus and cortex in adult mail rats
Authors: Faress Fardad
Published: September 2022

Reflects an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors such as stress are likely underlying neurobiology of major depression. Various factors have been proposed in anxiety behaviors caused by childhood stress, but the role of 5HT-3 and 5HT-2c receptors in its occurrence has been less investigated. Excessive expression of related genes in the brain is associated with the formation of anxiety behaviors (1-3). In this research, six pregnant rats were used. After giving birth, their babies experience separation stress from their mothers, called Maternal Neonatal Separation or childhood stress. This article aims to investigate the effect of childhood stress on 5HT-3 and 5HT-2c gene expression in the hippocampus and cortex and the possible effects of exercise on anxiety behaviors and 5HT-3 and 5HT-2c gene expression in the hippocampus and cortex in male rats. This article showed that voluntary exercise during adolescence can reduce the of these gene expression in the brain and has a protective role against stress.
A Prospective Observational Study on Drug Utilisation Trends in Respiratory Tract Infections and Patterns of Medication Adherence in Asthma and COPD Patients
Authors: Narayanasetty Sai Swaroop , Pachari Jyoshna Sai Sri , Pariti Aishwarya Chandralekha , Potta Navya Sri , Kalyani Dr. ALT. , Sureendra Dr. K.
Published: September 2022

Respiratory tract infections represent the single most common reason patients seek medical attention. Infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, patients at the extremes of age, and those with pre-existing lung disease or immune suppression are at particular risk. Drug utilization studies may be defined as studies of the marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences. Medication adherence is defined as the extent to which a patient’s medication taking behaviour coincides with the intention of the health advice that has been given by physician. The primary aim of the study is to assess the rational prescribing pattern in our pulmonology department. We have collected a total of 100 prescriptions diagnosed with RTIs and evaluated for prescribing patterns using WHO Prescribing Drug Indicators.58(58%) patients were male and 42(42%) were females. Age wise distribution of patients was found to be: 7(7%) 20-30years, 5(5%) 31-40years, 16 (16%) 41-50 years, 26(26%) 51-60 years, 23(23%) 61-70years, 15(15%) 71-80 years, 8(8%) 81-90 years, respectively. In the present study a total of 667 drugs were prescribed to 100 patients with RTIs. Out of total, 134 Antibiotics (20.08%), 89 Bronchodilators (13.34%), 85 Corticosteroids (12.74%), 69 Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (10.34%) and others, respectively. WHO prescribing drug indicators such as i. Average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 6.67 drugs. ii. percentage of prescriptions with Antibiotic prescribed were 78%.iii.percentage of prescriptions with injections prescribed were 72%. iv. Percentage of drugs prescribed by brands name were 89.65% and v. percentage of drugs prescribed from NEDL-2015 were 75.86%. Rational prescribing pattern is observed in our study and most of the drugs are prescribed from NEDL-2015.
Anti-bacterial Activity of Polyherbals Formulation Containing Curcuma aromatica
Authors: Manikandan S.
Published: September 2022

The hexane extract of Curcuma aromatica, a plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae was tested on 2 bacterial strains. The other herbal plants are Acorus calamus, Nigella sativa, Hedchiyum spicatum, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Coleus vettiveroides are used as minimum amount. The polyherbal paste is formed by trituration method. The paste is dissolved in di methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The Antibacterial studies by well plate method was carried out against organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris at a concentration of 2 %. Among these organisms Gram negative bacteria Proteus Vulgaris showed a maximum zone of inhibition at a concentration of 2%. Since the Polyherbals having various constituents like sesquiterpenoids, so the antibacterial activity may be due to the presence of the above principles.
A Review on Glass: Packing Component
Authors: Bora Mitali M. , Polshettiwar Satish A.
Published: September 2022

Pharmaceutical packaging materials play a significant role in stabilizing the drug dosage form. The installation material must maintain the integrity of the measurement form, must be natural, not weak, and must have good mechanical strength. Glass is widely used for inputs. Selection of packaging materials is a very important parameter when studying the durability test of a particular volume and dosage form. Present review has been extensively reviewed about glass as packing components which play the role in many aspects of life one particularly important area is pharmaceutical packaging.
Beneficial Herbal Drug of Psoralea corylifolia
Authors: Chaniyara Jinal D.
Published: September 2022

The present review article introduces about leucoderma disease history, prevalence, epidemiology, pigment biochemistry, treatment and herbal drug of Psoralea corylifolia. Leucoderma also known as vitiligo. It is a pigmentation disorder. The most common treatment in leucoderma is the use of topical or oral psoralens followed by exposure to UVA radiation. Psoralen stimulates the skin and its produce melanin pigment when exposed to sunlight. Psoralens followed by exposure to UVA radiation in the region of 280-315 nm wavelengths.
Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19 Related Mortality in Solapur: A Whole Population Study
Authors: Deshmukh Vasundhara , Shaikh Abdul Kayyum , Habbu Padmini
Published: September 2022

Presently large-scale study concludes that there are many factors associated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related in-hospital death. Patients with comorbidities may be more susceptible to the COVID- 19 complications and may show compromised immune competency. The aim of the study is to find out increased relative and absolute risks of COVID-19, associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Solapur city. Study design is Cross sectional study. Study group included all patients with COVID -19 diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Solapur. It was observed that among all diabetic patients with COVID-19 fever was the most common initial symptoms; fever (100%) followed by cough (97.16%), Breathlessness (89.05%), dyspnea (9.81%),muscular soreness (6.22%) and chest distress(7.92%). In Diabetic with COVID-19, age distribution of the patients was in between 55-80 years, in non-diabetic COVID patients age group ranges 0-76 years and mortality rate observed in age group with 54-80 years. The present data showed higher mortality rate in patients of Diabetes Mellitus with COVID-19. Further it was observed that the mortality rate was higher in male (11.77 %) as compare to female (10.07 %.). Our study concludes that COVID-19 patients with Diabetes Mellitus are more prone for morbidity as compared with non-diabetic COVID patients. Diabetes Mellitus in COVID- 19 patients increases the susceptibility of complications with concomitant decrease immune system. The total number of COVID- 19 death recorded in Solapur included majority of the patients with Diabetes Mellitus as one of the responsible factor in worsening of the disease.
Voriconazole Induced Cholastatic Jaundice: A Case Report
Authors: B P Sathish Kumar , B M Dr. Tanushree , P Dr. Praveen , S Dr. Apoorva , Pravallika Dr Pudota Mary
Published: September 2022

Voriconazole-induced cholestatic jaundice is a relatively rare but serious clinicopathologic symptoms. This drug is commonly used for invasive aspergillosis and other fungal infections. This report presents a case of voriconazole induced cholestatic jaundice. Hepatotoxicity is the most common adverse effect of voriconazole.
Nano Micelles an Emerging Platform for Drug Delivery
Authors: Deore Nita , Dandgavhal Kamlesh , Yeole Vipulata , Bagad Punam , Aher Pratiksha , Amrutkar Sunil
Published: September 2022

Micelles have for decades been researched as carriers of drug delivery. Through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, their use can potentially result in high drug accumulation at the target site. Although micelles allow for a great depth of tissue penetration for the delivery of targeted drugs, they typically disintegrate into the body easily. Therefore, a challenge is continuous drug delivery from micellar nanocarriers. This article summarizes different main techniques and underlying concepts for the use of micellar nanocarriers for continuous drug delivery. Other competing delivery mechanisms, such as polymeric microparticles and nanoparticles, are contrasted. To form nanoscale micelles, amphiphilic molecules self-assemble in suitable liquid media. Prodrug application, drug polymer conjugates, novel polymers with low critical micellar concentration or reverse thermoresponsive nature, reverse micelles, multi-layer micelles with layer by layer assembly, polymeric films capable of forming micelles in vivo and micelle coats on a solid support are strategies for sustained release nanomicellar carriers. For sustained drug delivery, these new micellar systems are promising.
Antioxidant Potential of Garcinia cowa Roxb. : A Review
Authors: Ifora Ifora , Rahmaddian Tosi
Published: September 2022

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two common risk factors in the pathogenesis of various life-threatening diseases. In recent years, antioxidant-rich medicinal plants have been extensively researched for their potential role in disease treatment and prevention. Garcinia cowa (Family Guttiferae) has been used as traditional medicine in many countries around the world. It contains numerous chemicals with various bioactivities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic. These effects are thought to be related to the radical scavenging effect, due to their antioxidant activities, along with other possible mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present review provides in-depth knowledge about the antioxidant potential of Garcinia cowa. This review provides evidence in the literature for the Garcinia cowa, from 2000 to 2022. Three bibliographic databases were used as primary sources of information (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). The keywords in this research were "Antioxidant", “Asam Kandis”, and " Garcinia cowa". A total of 10 studies were included in this review according to the required criteria. Garcinia cowa has powerful antioxidant characteristics, to remove free radicals. It is clear that Garcinia cowa, with different plant parts and diverse concentrations, can have varied antioxidant capacities.
Bézier Coefficients Matrix for ElGamal Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem
Authors: Ismail N. H. M. , Misro M. Y.
Published: September 2022

It is well-known that cryptography is a branch of secrecy in science and mathematics, which usually preserves the confidentiality and authenticity of the information, where its growth is parallel with the rapid evolution of the internet and communication. As one of the prominent public key cryptosystems, the Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) offers efficiency and complex mathematical operations with a smaller bit compared to other types of public key schemes. Throughout the evolution of cryptography, ElGamal Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ElGamal ECC) revolved from ElGamal public key scheme for user efficiency and privacy. In this study, an improved method will be introduced using ElGamal ECC as the foundation with the incorporation of the Bézier curve coefficient matrix, where the ElGamal ECC value is considered as the control point of the Bézier curve during the encryption and decryption processes. The proposed method is designed to develop a robust ciphertext system algorithm for better efficiency and to increase the level of protection in ElGamal ECC. In this paper, the performance of the proposed method is compared with the normal ElGamal ECC. The results of this study show that the proposed method offers no significant difference in terms of the implementation time during the encryption and decryption process. However, it does offer extra layers of protection when operated with complex mathematical operations.
Inclusive Education Reform in SAARC Countries: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Kaur Bineet
Published: September 2022

South Asia, an area of the world with a high population density, is home to one-fourth of the world's inhabitants. But both the educational divide and the jobless rate are relatively significant. Education is a crucial cornerstone for the cultural, social, and economic growth of the community. Although the SAARC summit was when the concept of educational cooperation was originally put forward, little has changed over the past few decades. The dispersed policies and division of educational objectives across several committees and subcommittees have hindered the rate of progress. SAARC nations have recently been working together to increase access and education quality, particularly for the region's most disadvantaged communities. This study makes an effort to list the numerous difficulties that South Asian nations have when adopting IE reform. The study also lists some potential approaches to deal with the difficulties.