bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação Comparativa de Técnicas baseadas em Deep Learning para Identificação de Duplicatas
Authors: Lima Paulo Henrique Santos , Martins Wellington Santos , Ribeiro Leonardo Andrade
Published: November 2022

Dados de aplicações possuem inevitavelmente inconsistências que podem causar mal funcionamento em operações rotineiras e compromenter resultados analíticos. Um tipo particular de inconsistência é a presença de duplicatas, isto é, múltiplas e não idênticas representações da mesma informação. A identificação de duplicatas é difícil porque elas não são cópias idênticas entre si. Recentemente, DeepMatcher e Ditto, duas soluções baseadas em deep learning, obtiveram resultados do estado da arte em identificação de duplicatas. Entretanto, DeepMatcher e Ditto não consideraram duplicatas com variações textuais em nível de caracteres em seus experimentos; tais variações são pervasivas em bancos de dados do mundo real. Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação comparativa do DeepMatcher e Ditto em dados com padrões textuais que não foram considerados nos experimentos anteriores. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as duas soluções experimentaram queda de acurácia, sendo que o Ditto apresentou maior robustez em comparação com DeepMatcher.
Aprendizado Profundo aplicado à Visão Robótica utilizando dispositivo embarcado Raspberry Pi
Authors: Bordado Myrella A. , Cardoso Alisson A. , Franco Ricardo A. P.
Published: November 2022

Devido a grande quantidade de dados que surgiram, juntamente com a evolução das Unidades de Processamento Gráfico (GPU), tornou-se possível desenvolver algoritmos com maior desempenho e acurácia, baseados em aprendizado profundo. Este trabalho realiza o treinamento do modelo YOLOv5 utilizando um conjunto de dados de visão robótica ARID, com o intuito de abordar o problema de detecção de objetos em um ambiente doméstico em conjunto com a limitação de recursos do sistema embarcado Raspberry Pi. Os resultados mostram que o modelo YOLOv5 possui alta precisão para a detecção de objetos utilizando visão robótica e possui versões que possibilitam a execução em dispositivos embarcados de baixo custo, quando comparados à dispositivos embarcados com GPU.
TikTok: Qual o Impacto do Crescimento da Plataforma?
Authors: P. Neto José de Senna , Santos Isadora Mendes dos , Mota Marcelle Pereira
Published: November 2022

O TikTok foi a rede social que mais cresceu em número de usuários entre 2020 e 2022. Assim, torna-se cada vez mais importante entender os motivos pessoais e aspectos de interface que motivaram esse crescimento. O objetivo desse artigo é descobrir o impacto que a ascensão dessa plataforma teve no cotidiano das pessoas que usam as redes sociais em geral. Como metodologia, efetuamos uma revisão de literatura com artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2022, utilizando como palavras-chave os termos TikTok, Redes Sociais, Impacto, Pandemia, Tendências, Publicidade. Conclui-se que o TikTok vem sendo parte central no processo de mudança na forma como as pessoas, especialmente jovens, interagem e criam conteúdo online.
Abordagem empírica para avaliação de uma aplicação de exercício linguístico utilizando interface de voz
Authors: Aguiar Douglas Fabris , Arrais e Silva Marcos
Published: November 2022

Aplicações de exercício linguístico têm se tornado amplamente conhecidas e presentes no dia a dia das pessoas devido a sua facilidade de acesso. Essa presença e relevância traz olhares críticos quanto ao alinhamento pedagógico das atividades propostas pelas aplicações e abre espaço para a investigação e hipótese do uso de interfaces de voz nesse cenário. Tendo isso em mente, o presente trabalho objetiva a criação de uma proposta de aplicação de exercício linguístico e uma avaliação heurística baseada no método Task-based language learning para identificar se existem benefícios no uso do tipo de interface para prática de idioma estrangeiro.
Aspectos Humanos e Sociais no Ambiente de Aprendizagem de Música para Cegos no Brasil
Authors: dos Remedios Sara Elene Lobato , Ferreira Simone Bacellar Leal
Published: November 2022

As pessoas com deficiência no Brasil convivem diariamente com a dificuldade da garantia de direitos, especialmente em temas como mobilidade urbana, saúde e educação. Apesar dessas dificuldades, os avanços no campo da educação inclusiva são evidentes, e uma das motivações para essa mudança de patamar são as tecnologias assistivas. No ensino de música, essas tecnologias trouxeram inúmeros benefícios, entretanto os diferentes métodos de ensino e as abordagens existentes podem não abranger o grupo de pessoas com deficiência visual em sua totalidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar aspectos humanos e sociais relevantes para o debate sobre a inserção de tecnologias digitais no ensino de música para pessoas com deficiência visual.
Die Bedeutung von Genossenschaften für die öko-soziale Transformation unter Berücksichtigung neuer Entwicklungen in Italien und Deutschland
Authors: Elsen Susanne
Published: November 2022

Dieser Beitrag thematisiert das Potenzial von Genossenschaften dahingehend, inwiefern sie zur Bewältigung der multiplen Krise und zur öko-sozialen Transformation von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft beitragen können. Er stellt Genossenschaften in den Kontext aktueller gesellschaftlicher Strömungen der öko-sozialen Wende und diskutiert zentrale Elemente genossenschaftlichen Wirtschaftens aus dieser Perspektive. Abschließend werden neue genossenschaftliche Entwicklungen in Deutschland und Italien vorgestellt, welche in besonderer Weise das transformative Potential verdeutlichen.
Zum Ende der Komödie
Authors: Kraft Stephan
Published: November 2022

Die Philosophie der Komödie: von Aristoteles bis Roberto Benigni.

Trotz ihrer 2.000 Jahre alten Tradition liegt bisher noch keine Theoriegeschichte der Komödie vor. Stephan Kraft konzentriert sich in seiner Studie auf ein zentrales Element, das in der Theoriegeschichte der Komödie omnipräsent ist: das Happyend. Mal ist es als Voraussetzung der Lachwirkung nur Mittel zum Zweck, mal dient es als religiös oder geschichtsphilosophisch überhöhtes Ziel, und mal stellt es einen höchst irritierenden und gerade deshalb produktiven Störfaktor dar. Der konsequente Blick auf die Theoriegeschichte des Happyends lässt eine bislang unentdeckte Philosophie der Komödie aufscheinen, die sich mit der seit vielen Jahren diskutierten Philosophie der Tragödie vergleichen lässt. Kraft gibt einen fundierten Überblick über die antiken, die mittelalterlichen und die frühneuzeitlichen Debatten. Auf der Basis intensiver Textstudien etwa von Lessing, Lenz, Herder und Schiller, sowie den Brüdern Schlegel, Schelling und Hegel, Hauptmann, Sternheim und Hofmannsthal, Hacks, Dürrenmatt und schließlich der Diskussion um Roberto Benignis Film »Das Leben ist schön« entwirft Kraft seine Theoriegeschichte des Happyends.
Hydroelektrische Projektionen
Authors: Zimmer Fabian
Published: November 2022

Vom ungebrochenen Fortschrittsoptimismus zur gezielten PR-Arbeit: Wie Wasserkraftunternehmen begannen, öffentliche Emotionen zu steuern.

Um den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien wird heute mehr denn je gerungen. Doch schon Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts sorgten massive Investitionen in den Bau von Wasserkraftwerken für Konflikte: Der Vision vom unerschöpflichen, sauberen Strom standen Sorgen um die Zerstörung von Natur und Landschaft sowie die Kritik an mangelnder Beteiligung der betroffenen Bevölkerung gegenüber.

Der Historiker Fabian Zimmer untersucht diese öffentlichen Auseinandersetzungen der 1950er-Jahre ausgehend von Industriefilmen und weiteren PR-Materialien dreier exemplarischer Wasserkraftunternehmen: der Bayerischen Wasserkraftwerke AG in Deutschland, Vattenfall in Schweden und Electricité de France in Frankreich. Der Autor analysiert, wie die Unternehmen Filme einsetzten, um die Emotionen der Öffentlichkeit gegenüber dem Wasserkraftausbau zu managen. Er arbeitet die Narrative und Rechtfertigungsstrategien der Unternehmens-PR heraus, bindet sie in die breiteren Debattenkontexte ein und kann so zeigen, wie sich in den 1950er-Jahren der Umgang mit Emotionen in öffentlichen Auseinandersetzungen um Energieinfrastrukturen wandelte.
Asbest
Authors: Fischer Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Gift für Leib und Seele: Franz Kafka war nicht nur Versicherungsbeamter, sondern auch Industrieunternehmer.

Dass Franz Kafka als promovierter Jurist sein kurzes Berufsleben in der Versicherungsbranche Prags verbracht hat, ist bekannt. Weithin unbekannt dagegen ist seine Tätigkeit als geschäftsführender Gesellschafter des Familienunternehmens »Prager Asbestwerke Hermann & Co.«. Finanziell vom Vater ausgestattet, gründete er 1911 zusammen mit seinem Schwager Karl Hermann eine Asbest- und Gummifabrik zur Herstellung von Dichtungen für die aufblühende Automobil- und Flugzeugindustrie. Nicht nur der Erste Weltkrieg und die Unfähigkeit der Akteure führten dazu, dass dieses Abenteuer scheiterte, während das neue Wundermaterial in völliger Unkenntnis der Toxizität einen jahrzehntelangen Aufstieg vor sich hatte: Kafka erkannte schnell, dass ihn die Unternehmertätigkeit an die Grenze seiner Überlebensfähigkeit bringen würde.

Mit seinem Buch fügt Ulrich Fischer unserem Kafka-Bild wesentliche Facetten hinzu: hatte Franz Kafka als Versicherungsbeamter unter Regelungen und Vorgesetzten zu leiden, belastete ihn als Unternehmer zunehmend die Verantwortung – auch für sein Verhalten, das wohl oft die Grenze zum Illegalen streifte.
Beispiele des Hässlichen in der Ästhetik
Authors: Güsken Jessica
Published: November 2022

Über das Hässliche lässt sich nur in Beispielen sprechen: Mit ihnen betritt man die Systemgebäude der Ästhetik durch einen Seiteneingang, der über deren Ausschlüsse und Grenzen letztlich mitten hinein führt in die normative Konstitution des modernen Geschmacks.

Im Rahmen der philosophischen Ästhetik (1750-1850), deren erklärter Leitbegriff die Schönheit ist, erscheint das Hässliche als randständiger und eigentümlich prekärer Begriff. Auch die Beispiele sind als solche etwas, das abseits des Systematischen liegt. Jessica Güsken widmet sich den Entwürfen der Hässlichkeit aus Perspektive der Beispiele, die in den Texten der Ästhetik zirkulieren und als vermeintlich »bloßes Beiwerk« philosophischer Theorie bislang keine genauere Untersuchung erfahren haben. Dabei ist die Ästhetik darauf angewiesen, Beispiele zu geben: Sie avancieren zu unverzichtbaren Agenten der Herstellung und Sicherung von Evidenz. Zugleich haben sie den Übergang von der Theorie in die Praxis ästhetischen Urteilens zu vermitteln, sodass Beispiele als Medien sichtbar werden, die aus dem Text herausführen, Körper und Sinne in Bewegung setzen und dabei auf die Ausbildung des ästhetischen Subjekts als »Mensch von Geschmack« sowie dessen disziplinierende Einübung zielen. Die diskursanalytische Untersuchung erlaubt neue Einsichten in die Konstitution der modernen Ästhetik und die Kehrseiten ihres humanistischen Geschmacksideals, und fordert dabei auch immer wieder zu der Frage heraus, inwieweit sich der ästhetische Blick auf Oberflächen, Haut und Körper bis heute von der normativen Exklusivität des klassi(zisti)schen Schönheitsbegriffs entfernt hat.
Die Versöhnung mit dem Bösen
Authors: Weintraub Leon , Jaros Magda
Published: November 2022

Ein Leben in Lódz – ein Leben nach Lódz: Leon Weintraub erzählt von Schicksal, Leid und Versöhnung.

Leon Weintraub (geb. 1926) wurde ab 1940 von den Nazis gezwungen, mit seiner Familie im Getto Litzmannstadt zu leben und Zwangsarbeit zu leisten. Die dabei erlernten Fertigkeiten bewahrten ihn vermutlich vor dem Tod: Bei der Auflösung des Gettos 1944 wurden die Inhaftierten in das Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau deportiert und dort umgebracht. Weintraub jedoch gelang es, sich als Arbeitshäftling auszugeben und so der Ermordung zu entgehen. In den Wirren der letzten Kriegsmonate überlebte er mehrere der brutalen Verlegungsaktionen der Nazis, bis ihm schließlich auf einem der Transporte die Flucht gelang. Ein Großteil seiner Familie überlebte den Holocaust nicht. In den Gesprächen mit der Journalistin Magda Jaros erzählt Leon Weintraub von seiner Kindheit in Lódz und seinem Weiterleben nach dem Krieg: seinem Studium der Medizin in Göttingen, seiner Karriere in Polen und seiner Auswanderung nach Schweden aufgrund der antisemitischen März-Unruhen 1968. Es ist die Geschichte einer Versöhnung nach unsagbarem Leid – aber auch eine Mahnung.

»Die dramatischen Erlebnisse der Vergangenheit konnte ich in meinem Archiv der Erinnerung unterbringen. Sie sind nicht ausgelöscht, aber sie bilden auch keine dunkle Wolke über meinem Kopf, die mir die Sonne verdeckt.«

Leon Weintraub
Es tagt schon im Orangenhain
Authors: Geisler Eberhard
Published: November 2022

Eine Reise entlang der bedeutendsten Stationen der spanischen Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte.

Aus langjähriger Erfahrung in Forschung und Lehre porträtiert Eberhard Geisler eine Reihe von Werken der spanischen Literatur, die für deren Vielfalt, Lebendigkeit und geistigen Reichtum charakteristisch und aufschlussreich sind. Von den spanischen Aufklärern des 16. Jahrhunderts über das Großwerk »Don Quijote«, vom Werk Lope de Vegas hin zur Religiosität des Siglo de Oro schlägt Geisler einen Bogen bis in die Moderne, beleuchtet hier unter anderem die Lyrik Federico García Lorcas und endet seine »Skizzen« in der Gegenwart und mit dem Werk Juan Goytisolos.

Gestützt auf Zusammenhänge aus Theologie, neuerer Philosophie und deutscher Literatur werden Schlaglichter möglich, die völlig neue Einsichten in eine Literatur gewähren, die nicht nur an den großen kulturellen Auseinandersetzungen Europas teil hat, sondern auch immer wieder überraschende Beiträge dazu geliefert hat.

»Es dürfte sich so verhalten, dass man in der Begegnung mit großer Literatur und beim Versuch, über sie zu schreiben, nicht versucht sein soll, an ein Ende gelangen zu wollen, sondern umgekehrt erfreut, immer wieder neu ansetzen zu können.«

Aus: Es tagt schon im Orangenhain
Die Villa in Berlin
Authors: Feinberg Anat
Published: November 2022

Berlin in den »Goldenen Zwanzigern«: eine Familiensaga im Spiegel der jüdischen Kultur.

Wo einst die herrschaftliche Berliner Villa einer jüdischen Familie stand, in der Freiherr-vom-Stein-Str. 13 in Berlin-Schöneberg, klafft heute eine Baulücke. Auch im Familiengedächtnis hat es nach 1934 einen tiefen Einschnitt gegeben, als die Grüngards sich mit der Auswanderung nach Palästina den langgehegten zionistischen Traum erfüllten. Die Enkelgeneration kannte die Villa, in der die Großmutter zu glanzvollen Salongesellschaften einlud, nur noch vom Hörensagen. Erst durch intensive Nachforschungen geriet der blinde Fleck allmählich ins Blickfeld. Ans Licht kam die faszinierende Geschichte einer Familie, deren Villa in den späten Zwanzigern ein gesellschaftlicher Treffpunkt ostjüdischer und zionistischer Kreise gewesen war, ein Ort, an dem jüdische Dichter, Maler, Schauspieler, Philosophen und Politiker zusammenkamen. Sie alle schätzten das soziale und kulturelle Engagement der eigenwilligen Hausherrin Braina Grüngard. Anat Feinberg erzählt nicht nur Brainas Geschichte, sondern spürt auch den - nicht immer einfachen - Erfahrungen der Familie im Berlin der Weimarer Jahre nach.
Wilderness
Authors: Heller Arno
Published: November 2022

Seit Henry David Thoreaus »Walden, or, Life in the Woods« (1854) etabliert sich das Nachdenken und Schreiben über Wildnis als Dreh- und Angelpunkt des geschichtlichen, kulturellen und politischen Selbstverständnisses der USA.

Arno Heller stellt die Formen dieser Auseinandersetzung von ihren Anfängen bis in die unmittelbare Gegenwart vor und entfaltet ein kulturhistorisch ungemein aufschlussreiches Panorama, das in der europäischen und deutschen Kultur keine Entsprechung hat. Nicht nur die großen Erinnerungsorte in Neuengland, wo die zentralen Fragen nach nationaler Identität erstmals gestellt wurden, sondern auch diese Wilderness-Texte widerlegen eindrucksvoll das europäische Vorurteil eines geschichtslosen Amerikas.

Vor nur 200 Jahren war die gesamte Westhälfte des amerikanischen Kontinents eine spärlich bewohnte Wildnis. In einem gewaltigen Kraftakt gelang es der berühmt-berüchtigten ›Westexpansion‹, dieses riesige Territorium zu ›erobern‹ und der ›westlichen Zivilisation‹ zugänglich zu machen. Diese Erfahrung blieb als prägendes Urerlebnis im kollektiven Bewusstsein Nordamerikas lebendig. Sie brachte einen spezifischen Mythos der Wildnis hervor, der bis heute in zahllosen Büchern und Filmen nachwirkt. Trotz der enormen Vielfalt von Schauplätzen, Charakteren und individuellen Zugängen zeichnet sich dabei ein wiederkehrendes Strukturmuster ab: Die Protagonisten sind wilderness-Enthusiasten, Einzelgängerinnen, survival-Abenteurer, zivilisationsmüde Aussteiger, patriarchalisch traumatisierte Frauen, Naturforscherinnen und spirituelle Sinnsucher. Sie unternehmen eine äußere Reise aus der Zivilisation in eine unberührte Wildnis, die sich zu einer »inneren Landschaft« ausweitet und einen tiefgreifenden persönlichen Wandel auslöst.
Robust Bayesian Estimation
Authors: Saadoon Mannaa Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Bayes methods in statistical inference are one of the important methods, and most of the research and messages tend to use the Bayes method in the estimation process. The regular Bayes method does not meet this problem, so in this thesis it is possible to verify the existence of prior data conflict by modeling the parameters of the prior distribution and then comparing the standard deviation of the prior distribution with the standard deviation of the posterior distribution, if the value of the standard deviation of the prior distribution is greater than the deviation. The standard distribution for the posterior distribution, it means that there is a problem of prior data conflict. Then we used an approach to solve this problem through a set of prior distributions called this approach by the robust Bayesian method, to identify the behavior of the estimators, two types of failure models were used, the first Weibull distribution to match it with continuous data. The second is a (Binomial) distribution to match the discrete data, the regular Bayes method is compared with the robust Bayesian method by using integrated mean square error (IMSE). In the Weibull distribution, the scale parameter (θ) and the survival function were estimated for two simulation experiments, the first was in the case of prior data unconflict the second was in the case of prior data conflict, so the simulation results showed that the robust Bayes method is the best by using the comparison criterion integrated mean square error (IMSE). On the practical side, real data were collected from Al-Manathira Hospital of the Najaf Health Department for the deaths of heart attack patients for 2018, the time of admission of the patient to the hospital until death was recorded, which is the time Exit where a sample of (15) patients was collected and the test of goodness of fit showed that the data follow a Weibull distribution with two parameters, the robust Bayes method was used to estimate the scale parameter and the survival function. As for the Binomial distribution, the parameter (P) and survival function were estimated for two experiments from the first simulation, which was in the case of prior data unconflict, as for the second experiment, it was in the case of prior data conflict. The simulation results showed that the robust Bayes method is the best by using the comparison criterion (IMSE). On the practical side, real data were collected from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital on breast cancer patients’ mortality from 2010 to 2017, and the test of goodness of fit showed that the data follow a Binomial distribution, the robust Bayes method was used to estimate the parameter (P) and survival function.
Bases of Wavelets and Multiresolution in Analysis on Wiener Space
Authors: Martias Claude
Published: November 2022

The multiresolution analysis is applied into the space of square integrable Wiener functionals for extending well-known constructions of orthonormal wavelets in L2(R) to this space denoted by L2 (μ), μ being the Wiener measure, as for instance Mallat’s construction or furthermore Goodman–Lee and Tang construction. We also extend the Calderon–Zygmund decomposition theorem into the L1(μ) framework. Even if L1-spaces do not have unconditional bases, wavelets still outperform Fourier analysis in some sense. We illustrate this by introducing periodized Wiener wavelets.
Preparation and Bioactivity Applications of Novel Chitosan Derivatives
Authors: Mohammed Mohsin , Haj Nadia
Published: November 2022

Chitosan (CS) is a substance abundant in nature. It is a biopolymer consisting of repetitive components of glucose and N-acetyl-glucose amine connected by (1,4)-glycosidic bonds. It has so many applications that are biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. The CS was loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) via amide-mediated binding, and the resulting CSFUAC product was evaluated as a potential 5FU delivery agent. A new CS-Schiff base derivative was created using CS extracted from local fish scales by combining CS with another aromatic aldehyde. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the new product was evaluated. It includes two fungi and four strains of pathogenic bacteria. The MTT assay is employed to determine the cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized compounds. Finally, CS was used to synthesize a prodrug for colon cancer. As a colon cancer prodrug, methotrexate (MTX) was converted to the combined (methotrexate-imidazole) and linked with the CS to produce the CSMTX conjugate. Additionally, the compound’s hemolytic action and chemical stabilities were evaluated. In the MTT, three types of cancer cell lines (MDAMB231, MCF7, and MDAMB453) were utilized to test how toxic the compounds made in the lab were to cancer cells.
Existence Results for Boundary Value Problem of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equation
Authors: Bouteraa Noureddine , Djourdem Habib
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for class of nonlinear fractional differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions. The existence results are obtained by using Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and Banach contraction principle. An illustrative example is presented at the end to illustrated the validity of our results.
Systemic Therapy in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Babu Geethu , Ravikumar Rejnish , Rafi Malu , Madhavan Nair Lekha , Sharafuddin Zuzaki , Mathew John , Jose Nijo , Cessal Thommachan Kainickal
Published: November 2022

The standard treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a combination of surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI), and long-term thyroid hormone–suppression therapy. Treatment of patients whose diseases persist, recur, or metastasize remains a challenge. The role of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer is limited. The key signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancers are the RAS/RAF/MEK & PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Systemic therapy in thyroid cancer involves the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the above mentioned pathways which are often both effective in controlling disease and have manageable toxicity. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are approved for advanced radioiodine refractory and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers and vandetanib and cabozantinib for recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid cancers. Cabozantinib is also approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic radioactive iodine–refractory differentiated thyroid cancer that has progressed after prior VEGF-targeted therapy. The combination of dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) is approved for BRAF V600E mutated unresectable locally advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer. Selpercatinib, RET kinase inhibitor is used for advanced and metastatic RET mutated medullary thyroid cancers and advanced and metastatic RET fusion-positive thyroid cancers of any histologic type. Various clinical trials using newer molecules targeting the aforementioned pathways are ongoing.
The Role of VV-ECMO in Severe COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: MacDonncha Cathal , Jooste Rachel , Laffey John , Hanley Ciara
Published: November 2022

Although an established practice in potentially reversible severe respiratory failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support remains controversial. Over the last 50 years, only 4 large scale randomised controlled trials relating to ECMO have been conducted in patients with ARDS. A meta-analysis of only 2 studies has demonstrated survival benefit in those supported with ECMO compared to optimal conventional therapy. With the advent of the COVID pandemic, ECMO utilisation increased, the guidelines evolved, and an unprecedented number of patients were referred for and managed with ECMO support. Approximately 15,000 patients have been supported to date, predominantly using veno-venous ECMO, with an overall in-hospital 90-day mortality of 47%. Although published data reported an increase in ECMO mortality to nearly 60% as the pandemic progressed, this was likely multifactorial, as subsequent data has demonstrated more promising mortality results. This highlights the unique challenges pertaining to patient selection and implementation of this finite support amid an evolving pandemic with many unknowns. Judicious and ethical patient selection is essential to ensure use for the greatest benefit. In this chapter we will outline the unique pathophysiology and clinical features of COVID-ARDS, indications for ECMO referral and patient selection, and implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
100 MW Wind Turbine Power Plant
Authors: A. Alagbada Samuel
Published: November 2022

Wind power production has increased by a hundredfold during the last 20 years and represents roughly 3% of the total global electricity production. In recent years, technological changes in wind turbine configurations have enabled higher capacity factors for wind turbines. The results from the studies showed that wind as a source of energy for Växjö could be explored in order to achieve the goal of energy sufficiency and as well as sustaining the greenest city status in Europe. The simulation showed that 100 MW electricity could be generated from the wind sources with respect to the available data via global wind metrological data, literature, RETScreen Expert software., LCOE and IRR analysis tools. In addition, the Internal rate of return (IRR) of 8.7% which is good enough considering the proposed energy tax, energy security and environmental benefit cost ratio as well as reduced global weighted-average levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from wind power technology make it more attractive for investor-Växjö municipality.
Challenges of SWM Hierarchy System: The Stakeholders New Saga in Perspectives
Authors: Saleh Muhammad , Marzuki Azizan
Published: November 2022

The book chapter assesses the recent role and advance of private companies/contractors in solid waste management in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria, and the various challenges that ensue as a result of their operations. The methods used include: direct field measurement, focus group discussion, inventory, individual interviews, questionnaire administration, and case study of the operation of private companies in two local government areas of Kano state. The result shows that the total number of 50 inventoried registered companies operating under franchise agreement in Kano metropolis are contributing greatly in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of refuse collection, recovery of material, recycling and disposal, creation of employment opportunities, economic development of Kano Metropolis through real capital investment, among others. The discussion in this paper comes to the conclusion that the Nigeria’s solid waste management system requires the adoption of suitable collection, reduction, treatment, recovery, and recycling technologies (solid waste hierarchy). Through a variety of currently accessible scientific treatment approaches, it is necessary to underline the relevant consequences for the potential solutions in MSW at the local and state level. Municipalities (L.G.A.), with the help of the unorganized sector and private waste management companies, are therefore required to concentrate on developing potentials and opportunities in order to achieve the necessary MSWM sustainability for Nigerian cities. This can be done by allowing the stakeholders in SWM to extend their coverage beyond the current operational area to include the entire metropolis.
Perspective Chapter: Physiological Breeding Approach for Sustainable Smart Farming
Authors: Shankar Raja , Mahadevan Govindakrishnan Panamanna , Rawat Shashi , Sherly Joseph
Published: November 2022

Smart farming is referred as managing farm efficiently using information and communication techniques to increase the quantity and quality of the product. The basic and fundamental concept of smart farming in agriculture is to exploit yield determinants efficiently so as to attain genotype x environment interaction zero by introgression of trait of interest demanded by the environments. Accordingly, the physiological breeding approach coupled with mega environment concept could be a sustainable smart farming, which could be exploited to fulfill the future food demand. This chapter is conceptualized with scientific information available on potato under India such as low land tropic scenario.
Supporting Learning and Teaching with Good Design: Report and Lessons Learned from Learning Experience Design in Higher Education
Authors: Ebner Martin , Edelsbrunner Sarah , Schön Sandra
Published: November 2022

Learning experience design (LXD), that is, the conscious design of learning experiences based on the principles and methods of the design discipline, is a term that is increasingly being used in the design of (digital) learning environments. The aim is to make learning a positive, exciting experience for the learner. This article will introduce the understanding of “learning experience design” and describe its application at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz). As creativity is a base for the design discipline, the organizational unit “educational technology” sees LXD as a chance to develop innovative, quality online teaching and learning materials. The article will show the application and results of LXD of several different projects and resources developed for teachers and students by the educational technology team at TU Graz: the student study progress dashboard, the TELucation website relaunch, and the development of a modifiable digital template for lecturer training.
Theoretical Approach of the Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves through Carbon Nanotubes and Behaviour of Carbon Nanotubes as Capacitor Using Electric Hertz Potential
Authors: Shankar Kumar Jay , Kumar Ashok
Published: November 2022

The electromagnetic waves and its propagation through material medium described by maxwell’s equations. We have identified that electromagnetic waves propagate through carbon nanotubes according to electric hertz potential with solution of Helmholtz equation and satisfied by using the concept of Gaussian beam or wave. When monochromatic electromagnetic wave propagates through a hollow single wall carbon nanotube, its energy absorbed by walls of nanotubes just like a capacitor because of carbon nanotubes have metallic as well as semiconductor characteristic which is shown by density of state and lattice vector. It is verified by Helmholtz equation and Schrödinger’s wave equation. Thus, the electromagnetic waves can propagate through carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes absorb the energy as a capacitor.
The Flip of the Coin of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: A Focused Review on Rare Immune Checkpoint Related Adverse Effects
Authors: E. Omar Nabil , M. Afifi Hebatalla , O. Sahal Arwa , Mekkawi Rana , Elewa Hazem
Published: November 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a type of cancer immunotherapy that has provided a tremendous breakthrough in the field of oncology. Currently approved checkpoint inhibitors target the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1). One of the most known complications of these advances is the emergence of a new spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In this chapter, we will focus on selected rare or very rare irAEs, shedding the light on the other side of the coin of personalized cancer immunotherapy. We will also discuss general management approach of irAEs with an in-depth look on each one of these rare irAEs. The chapter will also cover principles of immunotherapy rechallenge post-occurrence of irAEs, and the impact of irAEs incidence on the efficacy of ICI. We will discuss some of the rare or very rare irAEs including cutaneous irAEs, immune-mediated Hypophysitis, hematological irAEs, ophthalmic irAEs, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), neurologic irAEs, infectious irAEs, and cardiac irAEs. This chapter tried to highlight the significance of identifying emerging rare and very rare irAEs while considering initial assessments and management approaches identified in various clinical practice guideline and primary literature data.
Robust Mechanism for Speed and Position Observers of Electrical Machines
Authors: Morawiec Marcin
Published: November 2022

In the sensorless control system, the rotor speed or position is not measured but reconstructed in the dedicated observer structure. The observer structure is based on the mathematical model of an electrical machine. This model is often determined in the space vector form by using the stator/rotor flux vector and stator/rotor current vector components. During the machine works, there exist working points in which the observer can be unstable or its accuracy is unsatisfactory. In order to increase the observer system stability, the Lyapunov theorem should be satisfied. Using this, the observer system’s proper stabilizing function can be determined. However, in many cases, this procedure is not sufficient and in close to an unstable region properties of the speed observer structure are very poor—the estimation errors have values exceeding 5%, which causes loss of synchronization in case of synchronous machines and errors in the values of electromagnetic torque or stator/rotor fluxes. In order to prevent this undesirable phenomenon, additional laws of estimation should be introduced to the speed or position estimation mechanism, which is proposed in this chapter. This mechanism is named in this chapter “robust” because during the machine works, it increases significantly the properties of the whole sensorless control system, minimizing the speed or position estimation errors almost to zero, close to the unstable region (small rotor speed with the regenerating machine mode or close to synchronous of rotor speed in case of the doubly fed generator). The proposed robust mechanism has been tested by using simulation and experimental investigations prepared for: the squirrel-cage induction machine, permanent magnet synchronous machine, and doubly fed induction generator.
Сlinical and Psychopathological Phenomenology of Mild Acute Drug-Induced Akathisia
Authors: Obyedkov Victor , Gorgun Oleg , Hodjaev Alexandr , Dakukina Tatsiana , Hvostova Irina , Kaminskaya Yulia , Osipchyk Siarhei , Khlebokazov Fedor , Ivanitskaya Vera , Lapysh Olga , Kuchynskaya Aliaksandra
Published: November 2022

The study is devoted to the clinical and psychopathological phenomenology of mild acute drug-induced akathisia that occurs in the treatment of schizophrenia. The relationship between clinical symptoms and features of neurocognitive status with acute drug-induced akathisia resulting from the appointment of standardized antipsychotic therapy to patients was studied. It was found that patients with paranoid schizophrenia with mild acute drug-induced akathisia have more pronounced general psychopathological symptoms, such as anxiety, tension, depression, refusal to cooperate, weakening of impulsivity control, and congestion of mental experiences. According to the assessment of the risk profile of aggression, additional symptoms are more pronounced, such as anger, difficulties in delaying gratification (delayed reward), and affective lability. According to the results of the study of the neurocognitive status, markers of mild acute drug-induced akathisia were identified: impaired stability of active attention, impaired working memory, decreased automation of thinking, and impaired executive functions.
On Principal Parts-Extension for a Noether Operator A
Authors: Haman Adji Abdourahman
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of this work is to realize and establish the extension of a noether operator A defined by a third kind singular integral equation. The extended operator of the initial operator A is noted Â and acting from a new specific functional space constructed denoted Vm=C−11−11⊕∑k=1mαkF.p1xk, into the same previous space C0P−11. We investigate the noetherity of the extended initial noether operator noted Â, when we realized the extension taking the unknown function φx from the spaceVm. The index of such noether operator χÂ is calculated and therefore, the conditions of the noetherity nature of the extended operator are established.
Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder: The First Signs Identified by Algerian Parents
Authors: Hammas Yamina , Bendiouis Sarah
Published: November 2022

Early detection and identification of the first signs of autism play an important role in the implementation of support projects and appropriate interventions. Our study aims, on the one hand, to study the variations of the age of detection of the first signs of autism by the parents and, on the other hand, to explore the nature of these signs. It also seeks to verify whether the age of detection of early signs depends on certain characteristics such as the socioeconomic level of the parents. To do this, an analysis of the data collected as part of a prospective study of a population of 120 children was carried out. The results obtained indicate that the average age of identification of the first signs is around 19 months; and that the most reported signs relate to the area of ​​verbal communication. However, no significant relationship was found between the age of the detection of the first sign and the economic level of the parents.
Low-cost Approaches to Follow-up Cardiac Patients in Low-Income Countries Using Public Data Networks
Authors: Ivan Gonzalez-Fernandez Rene , Mulet-Cartaya Margarita , Montes de Oca-Colina Gisela , Aguilera-Perez Jorge , Dayron Lopez-Cardona Juan , Luis Hernandez-Caceres Jose
Published: November 2022

The main characteristics of three approaches to cardiac care using public data networks are presented. All efforts were addressed to get minimum-cost solutions for low-budget public health systems. The first solution was developed to follow-up arrhythmic patients between medical consultations, setting a more closed patient-physician relationship, and a daily recording of cardiac rhythm changes. It is based on a personal battery-powered device for one-channel ECG recording, minimizing electrode setting and operation complexity. An ECG recording taken daily allows a detailed analysis anytime without the patient’s traveling to a health institution. A second solution was aimed at monitoring high-risk cardiac patients. A 24-h portable device capable of monitoring heart rate and sudden falls, typically associated with cardiac syncope, was developed. When any cardiac event or fall is detected, an urgent message is sent to relatives and the medical emergency care system asking for help. The third system implemented is oriented to the study of different cardiac parameters in people who suffer from heart disease or in those who are prone to suffering from it. Twelve-lead ECG is recorded periodically by each patient and trend graphics reflect ECG parameters strongly associated with cardiac disturbances, such as sudden death and ischemia. This approach allows the detection of the first troubling electrocardiographic deviations, making possible early medical intervention.
CANCELLED: Neural Tube Defects Treated in Tanzania and Kenia
Authors: Oertel Joachim , Teping Fritz
Published: November 2022

Here, the authors present their data on 25 infants suffering from neural tube defects in Africa. All infants were treated during five missions from German doctors in Kenya and Tanzania. A special focus is given to the duration of symptoms, health status, clinical examination technique, surgical technique, and follow-up. One mission took place in February 2017, on in February 2018, one in August 2019 in Zanzibar, Tanzania; one mission took place in August 2021 and one mission in February 2022 in Mombasa, Kenya. All patients treated during these missions were collected and retrospectively analyzed for presence of neural tube defect and associated hydrocephalus. A detailed presentation of the evaluation and surgical results with case examples is given.
Diagnostic/Classification Criteria
Authors: Adrian Ionescu Razvan , Popoviciu Horatiu , Ananu Vreju Florentin
Published: November 2022

Diagnostic criteria are used, as the name suggests, to make diagnosis of disease. They should encompass those characteristics that we find in every patient with the disease they are designed for. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to design such criteria. Classification criteria, on the other hand, are intended to be used only in already diagnosed patients, to classify them as having the respective disease, mainly for research purposes. Nevertheless, since classification criteria encompass those characteristics of the disease that are present in the majority of patients, it is only natural to try to use them as a helping tool in the diagnostic endeavor. This should be done appropriately, bearing in mind that the patient not fulfilling every one of them, can and may be still diagnosed as having ankylosing spondylitis, even though he/she cannot be classified as such. Classification criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have changed over time, due to the new insight obtained into the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Moreover, a patient fulfilling them is sometimes the initial step mandated by the paying authorities for reimbursement of therapies. All these reasons and others highlight the need to understand the different facets of the diagnostic/classification criteria and their best use.
Perspective Chapter: Alternative Intensive Animal Farming Tactics That Minimize Negative Animal Impact and Improve Profitability
Authors: Senturklu Songul , Landblom Douglas , Stokka Gerald , Cihacek Larry
Published: November 2022

Animal agricultural businesses strive to improve efficiencies, reduce input costs, and maintain healthy animals with minimal disease control intervention. Bovine respiratory disease is a disease complex that increases when cattle are reared in confinement costing the North American beef cattle industry three-billion dollars or more annually. Principles of soil health define the need to reduce tillage, keep the soil surface covered, rotate crops and plant cover crops for greater plant diversity, maintain living roots in the soil for as long as possible, and integrate livestock grazing into cropping systems. As beef calves age they experience more viral and microbial challenges which stimulate an immune system response resulting in greater disease resilience and well-being when commingled with unfamiliar cattle for confinement feedlot finishing. Wintering calves after weaning in November for modest growth of 0.59 kg/day (1.30 lbs./day) combined with integrated grazing of a sequence of native range and annual forages grown in a diverse multi-crop rotation is a management mechanism that increases calf age (200+ days), promotes structural growth, and delays feedlot entry. Retaining ownership using a vertically integrated business model from birth to slaughter accounting for all business inputs and outputs has resulted in improved environmental balance and business profitability.
Principles of Diagnosing: The Technical Condition of the Bearings of the Gas Turbine Engine Supports Using Rhythmogram and Scatterogram
Authors: Balakin Dmitry , Shtykov Vitaly , Zubko Alexey , Elena Vladimirovna Shalimova , Saleh Salem Ali Zayed
Published: November 2022

The possibility of using a rhythmogram and a scatterogram for bearings of diagnosing a gas turbine engine and its components is discussed. Rhythmogram and scatterogram evaluate the quasi-periodicity of the technical system of a gas turbine engine. Rhythmogram and scatterogram were obtained using the method developed by us for processing quasi-periodic pulse signals. The method is based on the principles of the theory of optimal filtering, the theory of wavelet transform, and the Hermite transform. The wavelet transform is considered as a cross-correlation function. The Gauss-Hermite functions are used as the basis for wavelet analysis. The effectiveness of the diagnostic method is demonstrated by the example of the operation of the bearing supports of a gas turbine engine and the engine as a whole.
Providing Sustainable Transport Infrastructure through Internalization of External Costs: A Case Study from South-Eastern European Countries
Authors: Nikolova Christina
Published: November 2022

The most important goals for transport systems development in the European countries are related to increasing transport system efficiency and sustainability and pushing national economies’ competitiveness. After a thorough analysis of transport costs, a system of measures should be undertaken to achieve these goals. All these issues are on the top of the political agenda so far, considering the impacts of the COVID pandemic in recent years and the current developments of Just Transition and the European Green Deal ambitions. However, they could not be reached without accounting for transport’s social costs, especially external ones. The chapter’s main objective is to demonstrate the opportunities of the internalization approach and its updates for evaluating marginal external transport costs on a national level for South-Eastern European countries. As a result, a background will be provided to help policymakers in these counties to prioritize measures and projects envisaged in inland modes of transport based on potential savings for the society, which is not done so far. The chapter also discusses the effects of improving transport infrastructure functioning and performance by using internalization of external costs.
Rock Slope Stability under Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Bakun-Mazor Dagan
Published: November 2022

Air temperature fluctuations cause intermittent shrinkage and expansion of rock blocks close to the surface. These cyclic deformations can bring cumulative and irreversible displacement of blocks down rock slopes, creating potentially dangerous conditions. This chapter presents examples from stations monitoring various slopes and natural cliffs that illustrate this phenomenon. The chapter will also present the results of a laboratory experiment performed on a block system that simulates the typical geological structure of a slope in a stratified and cracked rock mass. Inside a tensile crack, a prismatic rock block serves as a wedge capable of accelerating the cumulative displacement. The results obtained from the laboratory measurements serve as a basis for calibrating analytical and numerical 3D models of the problem. The results of the laboratory experiment and the numerical models clearly show that the wedge is of great importance in accelerating the rate of movement of the blocks on the slope. Further numerical analysis performed on blocks on the slopes of Mount Masada shows that temperature changes alone could explain the blocks’ detachment from the slope.