bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Learning Flow, Self-esteem, Self-control Ability, and Stress Coping Methods of Medical Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Hwang Hyojeong , Yoo Hyo Hyun , Lee Jun-Ki
Published: February 2023

Objectives This study was conducted to identify the characteristics and relationships of psychological factors and behavioral methods such as stress coping methods, self-esteem, and self-control ability to the learning flow of medical students.
Methods 141 1st-grade medical students participated in the study, and data were collected in the form of a questionnaire through learning flow, stress coping methods, self-esteem, and self-control ability test tools. The collected data were statistically analyzed. An independent sample t-test was conducted to confirm the difference between genders. Correlation analysis was conducted to confirm the correlation between variables, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to confirm the factors affecting the learning flow.
Results It was confirmed that female students had statistically higher self-purpose experiences in learning flow and social support coping among active stress coping methods than male students. In addition, self-esteem, self-control ability, and active stress coping methods showed a correlation and effect with learning flow, but passive stress coping methods did not show a correlation with learning flow and did not have an effect.
Conclusions It is necessary to consider the curriculum and teaching strategy so that medical students can enjoy the medical learning behavior itself and enhance their experience of learning flow. In addition, education and counseling to improve students' self-esteem and self-control skills should be combined, and social support is needed to take problem-oriented and social support measures in stressful situations.
Kindergarten teachers' experiences with classes using ZOOM in the COVID-19 situation
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Suh Hye-jeong , Jung Ha-na
Published: February 2023

Objectives This study explored the classes using Zoom experience of kindergarten teachers using a non-face- to-face real-time Zoom platform in the context of COVID-19.
Methods The study participants were a teacher with 13 years of experience and a beginning teacher at J Kindergarten. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with two early childhood teachers from December 28, 2020 to June 1, 2021. The collected data were analyzed by an inductive analysis method to derive meaning from the experiences of the study participants.
Results As a result the study, early childhood teachers experienced the following through Zoom classes: 1) Real-time non-face-to-face class conversion using Zoom, which enables communication through full remote class implementation, 2) tension caused by parents accompanying Zoom classes, 3) unfamiliar real-time non- face-to-face classes using Zoom, and 4) real-time non-face-to-face classes using Zoom, where prejudice acts as an obstacle. Through these experiences, early childhood teachers wanted to aim for a better Zoom class as follows: 1) reflecting on the non-face-to-face class using Zoom, which lacked class research, 2) try real-time non-face-to-face classes using Zoom without prejudice, and 3) a Zoom class that is different from the educational views, dreaming of a Zoom class with infant participation.
Conclusions This study suggests that the classes using Zoom experience of early childhood teachers who tried to teach meaningful classes to infants can be developed into a more beneficial classes using Zoom for infants.
Korean Teachers' Narrative of Education ODA Experience: A Case Analysis of Learner-Centered Educational Competency Reinforcement Training for Azerbaijan Teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, LEE Minkyung
Published: February 2023

Objectives This paper analyzes the meaning of Korean teachers who led online training for Azerbaijani teachers as an educational official development assistance (ODA) project of KOICA to strengthen learner-centered education competency. In other words, by examining how Korean teachers' experiences of participating in educational ODA projects are interpreted and meaningful to them, it was intended to suggest implications for educational ODA in Korean society, which is ultimately expanding its role as a donor country.
Methods To this end, a total of three group interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview method with 12 Korean teachers who took the roles of instructors, coaches, and supervisors, and led the Azerbaijani teacher training program. The interview results were analyzed by topic according to the qualitative research paradigm.
Results The results of the Korean teachers' experiences of teacher training for Azerbaijan teachers can be summarized as follows: 1) Education ODA as a ‘contact zone’ 2) Confirmation and improvement of self-efficacy 3) Education ODA as an opportunity of ‘lifelong learning’ as a teacher 4) Creation of aspirations for international teacher professional learning community. In particular, Korean teachers showed the development of cooperative interaction between donor and recipient countries and a sense of community solidarity while understanding the situation, educational environment and culture of Azerbaijani teachers and accepting their trials and errors.
Conclusions Based on the results of the study, the implications and future tasks for Korean society, which is expanding and deepening its role as a donor country in educational ODA quantitatively and qualitatively, were discussed in relation to teacher competency reinforcement. In particular, through the experience of Korean teachers who took on multifaceted roles such as training planning to strengthen learner-centered educational capabilities of Azerbaijani teachers, as instructors, coaches, and supervisors, implications related to the perception, attitude, and practice of teachers in donor countries in educational ODA were analyzed. discussed.
A phenomenological study on career interruption among highly educated women: Focusing on traumatically experiencing women
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Sun Mi Jin , Yoo Nahyun
Published: February 2023

Objectives The present study aims at understanding the meaning and nature of the traumatic experience that highly educated women experience from career interruption.
Methods To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 highly educated women with traumatic experience due to career interruption, and the essential meaning of the experience was analyzed by Colaizzi’s phenomenological method.
Results As a result of the study, 66 formulated meanings, 26 themes, 5 theme clusters were derived. The 7 theme clusters appeared as ‘entering into career interruption’, ‘types of loss’, ‘emotion resulting from loss’, ‘maladaptive response to loss’, and ‘protective factors against loss’.
Conclusions To summarize the findings, career interruption was experienced as various losses beyond just ‘loss of job’ among highly educated women, whose main losses were psychological losses derived from ‘loss of identity’, ‘loss of their goal’ and ‘loss of economic power’. The experience of loss was a suppressed form of sadness for “lost,” taking the form of “disenfranchised grief”, which was not supported or recognized by the surroundings. In addition, psychological loss had difficulty in their mourning process because the object of loss was abstract and ambiguous, making it difficult for participants to be aware. Based on these study results, discussions and implications for the experience of career interruption among highly educated women are included.
Implications for special education support for Students with severe Disabilities in Korea through the German case: in the state of Baden-Württemberg
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Nam Suk
Published: February 2023

Objectives This study tried to find out the implications of Korea through the components of the special education school support system for students with (most) severe disabilities in Germany, the arrangement and cooperation of manpower resources, and the perception and competence of special teachers who play key role.
Methods The purpose of the study is to systematically examine various literature studies, including a field survey report for education of students with (most) severe disabilites published in Baden-Württemberg, Germany since 2000, and compare and analyze them with the special education support system for students with (most) severe disabilities in Korea.
Results The results of the study are as follows. First, the German special education support system for students with (most) severe disabilities is operated in close connection with three areas of class, care, and treatment based on the direct participation of parents. Second, although the necessity of team cooperation is recognized and practiced in the process of educational support for students with (most) severe disabilities, limitations appear. Third, special teachers apply various educational intervention concepts and models in the course of teaching and educational support for students with (most) severe disabilities. Fourth, in the process of supporting the education and life of students with (most) severe disabilities, special teachers have positive thoughts and difficulties at the same time. Fifth, in the German special education support system, improvement of school space, recruitment of manpower, purchase of new educational media and auxiliary engineering equipment, expansion of various treatment support programs, improvement of awareness of related professionals, qualifications, and capacity were mentioned.
Conclusions Through these research results, it was suggested that the localization and development of an approach to practical education support for students with (most) severe disabilities and research on practical cooperation procedures and methods to promote team cooperation, including special teachers.
An Autoethnography on the Changes of Educational Beliefs of a Beginning Special Education Teacher Influenced by a Sister with Intellectual Disability
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, JIn Hyun Kyung , Hong Jae Young
Published: February 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was: (a) to find out the changes in the educational beliefs of a beginning special education teacher influenced by a sister with intellectual disability; (b) and to discuss its meanings.
Methods An autoethnography is a form of qualitative research that draws self-reflection by understanding and analyzing personal experiences in a sociocultural context. To explore the issue by offering an autoethnography, in which the researcher observed the changes of educational beliefs formed through the interactions between the culture of a family member who has a sister with intellectual disability and the culture of a beginning special education teacher. The researcher collected the data from her teacher’s dairy blog, personal journal, memories, social networking service, and references. The qualitative data were analyzed by constant comparison method, based on methods of emotion coding and values coding. The results were as follows.
Results First, through experiences from home, school days, and teacher preparation programs before becoming a special education teacher, the researcher formed beliefs that a special education teacher should be a diligent teacher who does one's best for her students. Second, after becoming a special education teacher and having work experiences with students, colleagues, and school culture, the researcher got perplexed with the educational beliefs she had before teaching students with disabilities. Third, through her life and teaching experiences, the researcher's educational beliefs have changed from being a diligent teacher to a competent teacher in subjects, teaching methods, guidance, and school tasks.
Conclusions Based on the main results, the researcher suggested implications and directions for future studies on the educational beliefs of special education teachers in various life contexts.
The Effect of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism on Body Dysmorphic Concerns for University Students: The Moderated Mediation of Self-Objectification and Self-Disgust
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jung Ju-A , Park Kee-Hwan
Published: February 2023

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of self-disgust for university students in mediating role of self-objectification between socially prescribed perfectionism and body dysmorphic concerns.
Methods 364 university students were asked to complete the questionnaires: Korean version of Self-Disgust Scale(K-SDS), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(MPS), The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale(OBCS), Body Image Concern Inventory(BICI).
Results The results were as follows: First, the partial mediating effect of self-objectification on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and body dysmorphic concerns was found. Second, the significant moderating effect of self-disgust on the relationship between self-objectification and body dysmorphic concerns was found. Third, the moderated mediating effect of self-disgust in the mediation of self-objectification between socially prescribed perfectionism and body dysmorphic concerns was found.
Conclusions Based on the results, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
The effectiveness of formulation of brenuk botanical insecticide on Empoasca flavescens on tea
Authors: Sucherman Odih
Published: February 2023

An experiment to find out the effectiveness of formulation of brenuk botanical insecticide on Empoasca flavescens on tea was carried out at Pasir Sarongge Experimental Garden, Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, from Juni up to September 2012. The experiment was designed in randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatment was consist of: (1) brenuk insecticide at 0,5 litre of EC formulation/ha, (2) brenuk insecticide at 1,0 litre of EC formulation/ha, (3) brenuk insecticide at 1,5 litre of EC formulation/ha, (4) brenuk insecticide at 0,5 litre of WP formulation/ha, (5) brenuk insecticide at 1,0 litre of WP formulation/ha, (6) brenuk insecticide at 1,5 litre of WP formulation/ha, (7) marigold insecticide at 1,5 litre of EC formulation/ha, and (8) control. The water spray volume used was 300 litre/ha. The observation parameters were the attack intensity of E. flavescens, the population of E. flavescens on the production of tea shoots. The experiment result indicated that the application of brenuk insecticide at 0,5 litre/ha in EC as well as WP formulations were efective in the decreasing of attack intensity of E. flavescens, as well as the population of Empoasca to the extend of 69,99% and 63,63% respectively. Indirectly, these treatments could increase the shoot production of tea plant.
Penggunaan Deksametason pada Pasien COVID-19: Systematic Review dan Meta-analisis
Authors: Mardhiyyah Cut Ainul , Setiawan Didik , Dhiani Binar Asrining
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is associated with disseminated lung damage in patients, Dexamethasone can reduce lung injury caused by inflammation and there reduce the progression to respiratory failure and prevent death. This systematic review aimed to determine the benefits and safety of Dexamethasone in COVID-19 treatment. The study was performed by a comprehensive literature search which were published in several databases i.e., PubMed, Science Direct, VHL Regional Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov within the search time of 28 November 2020. Inclusion criteria were articles on the study on COVID-19 patients who received Dexamethasone, observational and experimental studies on the outcomes use evaluation of Dexamethasone. Exclusion criteria are the articles that do not provide control in controlled studies and do not show clear research results on the use of Dexamethasone. An initial search from four databases by entering keywords resulted in 1,046 articles. After screening articles duplication we obtained 835 studies. Finally, 6 articles were obtained after we screened for the article that it can be obtained its full text and 5 articles joined in articles included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that Dexamethasone in Covid-19 patients could reduce the incidence of death within 28 days with RR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.57–0.97 P=0.13) compared with Methylprednisolone, Dexamethasone was compared without corticosteroids with RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97 P=0.01). Dexamethasone also reduced mechanical ventilator use during treatment with RR 0.95 (95% CI = 0.86-1.05 P = 0.28) compared without corticosteroids. The conclusion from these results: the use of Dexamethasone can reduce the number of deaths in COVID-19 patients, especially severe and critically ill category patients.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Ramipril dan Candesartan pada Pasien Rawat Inap COVID-19 dengan Komorbid Hipertensi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Azizah Deva Yolanda Dwi Nur , Wijayanti Tri , Cahyo Lukito Mindi
Published: February 2023

Hypertension is the most common comorbid in patients infected by COVID-19. Drugs often given for the treatment of hypertension, namely ramipril, and candesartan, are thought to increase the development of COVID-19 because the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the expression of ACE-2, which is the binding site of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to analyze the effect of using ramipril and candesartan on healing in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with hypertension at RSUD dr. Moewardi in 2020. This study was conducted retrospectively. The results were presented descriptively and used medical record data of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension at RSUD dr. Moewardi in 2020. Using ramipril and candesartan affects patient recovery in terms of length of stay (LOS), symptom relief, and RT-PCR test results. Analysis of the research data using SPSS with Spearman correlation test. The Spearman correlation test showed that there was a fairly strong relationship between the use of ramipril and candesartan in patients with COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension on LOS, symptom relief, and RT-PCR test results. The study results show that using ramipril and candesartan can improve the recovery of patients with COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension. ACEI and ARB drugs have not been proven to worsen the patient's condition so their use can be continued.
Analisis Efektifitas Biaya Terapi Pengobatan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 terhadap Kontrol Glukosa Darah
Authors: Ulfa Ninik Mas , Fandinata Selly Septi , Puspitasari Indra
Published: February 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose levels exceeding normal. The length of therapy in DM patients causes the large amount of treatment costs incurred, although in Indonesia BPJS insurance is used but this puts the burden of health financing on the Indonesian government, so there is a need for an analysis of costs associated with therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Cost Effectiveness of Type 2 DM patients in a hospital in the South Surabaya area. The method used is observation, with retrospective observation on type 2 DM patients in outpatient internal polyclinics for the period April – December 2021. The results obtained were 30 patients who routinely controlled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 months, receiving single therapy or a combination of antidiabetic drugs. In this study, a cost and effectiveness analysis was carried out with the measurement of therapeutic outcomes, namely pre-post GDP and pre-post GD2PP. The conclusion of this study were 30 female patients (100%), age > 45 years 24 people (80%). The effectiveness of sulfonylurea single therapy is 50% with an ACER of between Rp. 4,392.48 – Rp. 18,686.86 routine control 2, 3 and 9 months. For the treatment of 2 combinations of Thiazolidinediones + Insulin has an effectiveness value of 100% with ACER Rp. 42,490.08 routine control 6 months. While the 3 combinations that have a 100% effectiveness value are the combination of Sulfonylurea + Thiazolidinedione + Biguanide with an ACER price of Rp. 6,668.4 routine follow-up for 3 months. In 3 combinations of oral antidiabetic with insulin (Insulin + Sulfonylurea + Thiazolidioine + alpha glucosidase inhibitor) has a 100% effectiveness value, the ACER price is Rp. 36,082.36 routine control 7 months.
Pengembangan dan Validasi Metode Bioanalisis Trimetoprim dalam Sampel Plasma dan Urin Manusia Simulasi Menggunakan KCKT-PDA
Authors: Notario Dion , Amelia Jessica , Della Genoveva
Published: February 2023

To monitor trimethoprim levels (TMP) in humans, a validated, simple, and cost-efficient analytical method is needed to be applied regularly. However, most of the methods used to establish TMP levels in urine and plasma use complex instrumentation. Therefore, in this study, a simpler High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-based (HPLC) method was developed. The separation was carried out using a GIST® C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a temperature of 35°C which was fed by a mobile phase in the form of an acetic acid solution pH 2.5: acetonitrile (87:13, v / v) at a speed of 1.4 ml/min. Detection was performed with Photodiode Array Detector (PDA) at wavelengths of 254 nm and 243 nm to quantify TMP in urine and plasma samples respectively. The preparation of urine and plasma sequentially was carried out by the liquid-liquid extraction (ECC) method using ethyl acetate and the protein precipitation using acetonitrile. This method proved to be selective, linear (R=0.997), accurate with %error ≤ 10.29% at LLOQ level and above LLOQ value %error ≤ 10.45%, precision with %RSD ≤ 11.79% at LLOQ level and %RSD ≤ 10.82% above LLOQ. In addition, this method is quite sensitive for pharmacokinetic studies in the urine and monitoring of TMP levels in the blood with LLOQ 5 mg/L in both urine and plasma. The stability of trimethoprim in solution, urine, and plasma was conducted to ensure storage time. The developed method is proven to be valid and can be applied in pharmacokinetic studies and monitoring of trimethoprim drug levels in urine and plasma.
Tomato chlorosis virus p22 interacts with NbBAG5 to inhibit autophagy and regulate virus infection
Authors: Shang Kaijie , Xiao Li , Zhang Xianping , Zang Lianyi , Zhao Dan , Wang Chenchen , Wang Xipan , Zhu Changxiang , Zhu Xiaoping
Published: February 2023

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a member of the genus Crinivirus
in the family Closteroviridae. It has a wide host range and wide
distribution, causing serious harm to the vegetable industry. The
autophagy pathway plays an important role in plant resistance to virus
infection. Viruses and plant hosts coevolve in defence and antidefence
processes around autophagy. In this study, ToCV p22 protein was selected
to verify the interaction between ToCV p22 and NbBAG5. Through
overexpression and downregulation of NbBAG5, it was found that NbBAG5
could negatively regulate ToCV infection. NbBAG5 was found to be
localised in mitochondria and can change the original localisation of
ToCV p22, which is colocalised in mitochondria. Further study found that
NbBAG5 inhibited the expression of mitophagy-related genes and the
number of autophagosomes, thereby regulating viral infection by
affecting mitophagy. In summary, this study demonstrated that ToCV p22
affects autophagy by interacting with NbBAG5, established the
association between virus infection, BAG proteins family and autophagy
pathway and explained the molecular mechanism by which ToCV p22
interacts with NbBAG5 to inhibit autophagy to regulate viral infection.
Application value of echocardiography in transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Nana Li , hu guobing
Published: February 2023

Objective To investigate the application value of
echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative
monitoring and postoperative follow-up of patients with aortic valve
disease (AVD) receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
Methods The clinical data of 79 AVD patients who received TAVR
from March 2021 to September 2022 at the Cardiology Centre of Yijishan
Hospital, Wannan Medical College, were retrospectively analysed.
Twenty-six patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS, including those
with pure severe AS and severe AS combined with mild aortic
regurgitation (AR)) were included in group I, 31 patients with severe AR
(including those with pure severe AR and severe AR combined with mild
AS) were included in group II, and the remaining 22 patients with AS
combined with AR (AS+AR) were included in group III. The patients’ basic
data, preoperative comorbidities, preoperative multislice computed
tomography (MSCT) assessment of the aortic root, intraoperative
conditions, preoperative and 1-month postoperative echocardiographic
parameters, and postoperative complications were collected.
Results All patients underwent TAVR through the femoral artery,
79 patients were monitored by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), 2
patients underwent TEE-guided transseptal puncture for retrograde
crossing of the valve, and 6 patients underwent valve-in-valve (VinV)
implantation. Immediate postoperative evaluation revealed 1 case of
moderate paravalvular leakage (PVL), 4 cases of low-to-moderate PVL, 14
cases of low PVL, 8 cases of trace PVL, and 48 cases of no PVL.
Comparing the data obtained at 1 month after surgery with preoperative
data, for group I, the maximum aortic valve blood flow velocity (AV
Vmax) and mean aortic valve pressure gradient (AVPGmean) significantly
decreased (P<0.001), the interventricular septal thickness
(IVST) and left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness (PWT)
decreased (P<0.001), and the left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF) increased (P<0.05); for group II, the
effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), regurgitant volume (RVol) and
AR width significantly decreased (P<0.001), and the left
ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) significantly decreased
(P<0.001); and for group III, AV Vmax and AVPGmean decreased
significantly (P<0.001), EROA, Rvol and AR width decreased
significantly (P<0.001), IVST decreased (P<0.05),
PWT decreased (P < 0.05), LVEDD significantly decreased
(P<0.001), and LVEF increased (P<0.05). During the
follow-up, 5 patients died, and 13 patients were implanted with
permanent pacemakers. Conclusion Echocardiography plays an
important role in the preoperative assessment, intraoperative monitoring
and postoperative follow-up of patients with different types of AVD
receiving TAVR and can provide a basis for the evaluation of efficacy
and prognosis of TAVR.
The ever increasing necessity of mass spectrometry in dissecting protein post-translational modifications catalyzed by bacterial effectors
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Jin Jie , Yuan Yi , Xian Wei , Tang Zhiheng , Fu Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as
ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation, regulate multiple fundamental
biological processes in cells. During bacterial infection, effector
proteins are delivered into host cells through dedicated bacterial
secretion systems and can modulate important cellular pathways by
covalently modifying their host targets. These strategies enable
intruding bacteria to subvert various host processes, thereby promoting
their own survival and proliferation. Despite rapid expansion of our
understanding of effector-mediated PTMs in host cells, analytical
measurements of these molecular events still pose significant challenges
in the study of host-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, with major
technical breakthroughs in the last two decades, mass spectrometry (MS)
has evolved to be a valuable tool for detecting protein PTMs and mapping
modification sites. Additionally, large-scale PTM profiling, facilitated
by different enrichment strategies prior to MS analysis, allows
high-throughput screening of host enzymatic substrates of bacterial
effectors. In this review, we summarize the advances in the studies of
two representative PTMs (i.e., ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation)
catalyzed by bacterial effectors during infection. Importantly, we will
discuss the ever increasing role of MS in understanding these molecular
events and how the latest MS-based tools can aid in future studies of
this booming area of pathogenic bacteria-host interactions.
Regional ocean grid refinement and its effect on simulated atmospheric climate
Authors: Williams Jonny , Behrens Erik , Morgenstern Olaf , Teixeira João , Varma Vidya , Hayek Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

In this work we show the effect on atmospheric climate of including a
two-way-nested, high-resolution ocean model in the region surrounding
New Zealand within a coupled earth system model. The resolution of the
regional, nested ocean model is approximately 0.2 degrees compared to
the 1 degree resolution of the global ocean model within which it is
embedded and this work complements previously published work on ocean
circulation and marine heatwaves using the New Zealand Earth System
Model, NZESM. After a discussion of the eddy-permitting capability of
the nested ocean and its coupling to the overlaying atmosphere, we study
the effects on air temperature, precipitation and evaporation, latent
and sensible surface heat balances, zonal and meridional winds, the
anticyclonic storm track and the effect on clouds. With respect to
clouds, we show that stratocumulus is found to be the most sensitive
cloud type when partitioning the results by cloud-top-pressure and
optical depth. Overall we find that the NZESM provides a better
representation of regional atmospheric climate compared to its parent
model - the UKESM - although this improvement is not universal. For
example, although the NZESM shows better agreement in surface air
temperature within the nested ocean region, there is also some
deterioration in the agreement compared to the UKESM at high southern
latitudes where the seasonal sea-ice edge coincides with a transition
from negative to positive correlation between air temperature and cloud
amount. The lack of additional model tuning in the NZESM after the
nested ocean model’s inclusion largely accounts for the presence of
these improvement-deterioration pairs.
IgA Vasculitis with scrotal involvement - a rare presentation in adults
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, EPE, Portugal, Viegas Ana Filipa , Lopes Andreia ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, EPE, Portugal, Pereira Sofia ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, EPE, Portugal
Published: February 2023

"IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a small-vessel vasculitis common in children but rare in adults. It is usually an auto-limited disease in children but has a more severe course and worse prognosis in adults. The classical manifestations are non-thrombocytopenic purpura, arthralgias, gastrointestinal involvement and renal involvement. Herein we report a case of a 39-year-old man with a rash of the lower limbs associated with testicular and lower abdominal pain. The initial study revealed increased inflammatory biomarkers and enlarged left testis with bilateral ischemic areas on doppler ultrasound. A cutaneous biopsy later revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, confirming the diagnosis of IgAV with scrotal involvement. The patient started prednisolone, with improvement in the first week and sustained remission after two years of follow-up. This case report describes an adult with IgAV and scrotal involvement, which is rarely reported in adults and appears to be different from the one in children. The prevalence of scrotal involvement is presumably underestimated. In all men with IgAV, a scrotal examination should be performed and ultrasonography accordingly since it affects the treatment and follow-up. Recommendations for IgAV diagnosis and treatment in adults are still lacking and more research is needed. "
Plasma Lipidomic n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the EPIC-Potsdam Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Prada Marcela , Eichelmann Fabian , Wittenbecher Clemens , Kuxhaus Olga , Schulze Matthias B.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Evidence on plasma n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and type 2 diabetes risk is inconsistent. We examined the associations of lipid class–specific PUFA concentrations with type 2 diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (nested case-cohort study: subcohort 1,084 participants, 536 participants with type 2 diabetes, median follow-up 6.5 years), we measured plasma 18:2, 20:3, and 20:4 concentrations in 12 lipid (sub)classes, likely reflecting the plasma concentrations of linoleic acid (18:2n-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). The Δ-5 desaturase (D5D) activity was estimated as the 20:4/20:3 ratio. Associations with diabetes were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

Higher concentrations of 18:2 were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, particularly in lysophosphatidylcholines (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD 0.53; 95% CI 0.23–1.26) and monoacylglycerols (HR 0.59; 0.38–0.92). Higher concentrations of 20:3 in phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholines (HR 1.63; 1.23–2.14), phosphatidylethanolamines (HR 1.87; 1.32–2.65), and phosphatidylinositol (HR 1.40; 1.05–1.87); free fatty acids (HR 1.44; 1.10–1.90); and cholesteryl esters (HR 1.47; 1.09–1.98) were linked to higher type 2 diabetes incidence, and these associations remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Higher 20:4 concentrations were not associated with risk. The estimated D5D activity in phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the D5D-encoding FADS genes explained relatively high proportions of variation of estimated D5D activity in those lipid classes.

CONCLUSIONS

Plasma n-6 PUFAs were associated differently with type 2 diabetes, depending on fatty acid and the lipid class.
Association and Interaction of Genetics and Area-Level Socioeconomic Factors on the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Cromer Sara J. , Lakhani Chirag M. , Mercader Josep M. , Majarian Timothy D. , Schroeder Philip , Cole Joanne B. , Florez Jose C. , Patel Chirag J. , Manning Alisa K. , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , Merino Jordi , Udler Miriam S.
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

Quantify the impact of genetic and socioeconomic factors on risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Among participants in the Mass General Brigham Biobank (MGBB) and UK Biobank (UKB), we used logistic regression models to calculate cross-sectional odds of T2D and obesity using 1) polygenic risk scores for T2D and BMI and 2) area-level socioeconomic risk (educational attainment) measures. The primary analysis included 26,737 participants of European genetic ancestry in MGBB with replication in UKB (N = 223,843), as well as in participants of non-European ancestry (MGBB N = 3,468; UKB N = 7,459).

RESULTS

The area-level socioeconomic measure most strongly associated with both T2D and obesity was percent without a college degree, and associations with disease prevalence were independent of genetic risk (P < 0.001 for each). Moving from lowest to highest quintiles of combined genetic and socioeconomic burden more than tripled T2D (3.1% to 22.2%) and obesity (20.9% to 69.0%) prevalence. Favorable socioeconomic risk was associated with lower disease prevalence, even in those with highest genetic risk (T2D 13.0% vs. 22.2%, obesity 53.6% vs. 69.0% in lowest vs. highest socioeconomic risk quintiles). Additive effects of genetic and socioeconomic factors accounted for 13.2% and 16.7% of T2D and obesity prevalence, respectively, explained by these models. Findings were replicated in independent European and non-European ancestral populations.

CONCLUSIONS

Genetic and socioeconomic factors significantly interact to increase risk of T2D and obesity. Favorable area-level socioeconomic status was associated with an almost 50% lower T2D prevalence in those with high genetic risk.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Scores and Mortality Among Adults With Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hu Yang , Liu Gang , Yu Edward , Wang Biqi , Wittenbecher Clemens , Manson JoAnn E. , Rimm Eric B. , Liang Liming , Rexrode Kathryn , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Sun Qi
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

The current study aims to prospectively examine the association between postdiagnosis low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) patterns and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Among participants with incident diabetes identified in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, an overall total LCD score (TLCDS) was calculated based on the percentage of energy as total carbohydrates. In addition, vegetable (VLCDS), animal (ALCDS), healthy (HLCDS), and unhealthy (ULCDS) LCDS were further derived that emphasized different sources and quality of macronutrients. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to assess the association between the LCDS and mortality.

RESULTS

Among 10,101 incident T2D cases contributing 139,407 person-years during follow-up, we documented 4,595 deaths of which 1,389 cases were attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 881 to cancer. The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) of total mortality per 10-point increment of postdiagnosis LCDS were 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) for TLCDS, 0.76 (0.71, 0.82) for VLCDS, and 0.78 (0.73, 0.84) for HLCDS. Both VLCDS and HLCDS were also associated with significantly lower CVD and cancer mortality. Each 10-point increase of TLCDS, VLCDS, and HLCDS from prediagnosis to postdiagnosis period was associated with 12% (7%, 17%), 25% (19%, 30%), and 25% (19%, 30%) lower total mortality, respectively. No significant associations were observed for ALCDS and ULCDS.

CONCLUSIONS

Among people with T2D, greater adherence to LCD patterns that emphasize high-quality sources of macronutrients was significantly associated with lower total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
Association and Interaction of Genetics and Area-level Socioeconomic Factors on the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Cromer Sara J. , Lakhani Chirag M. , Mercader Josep , Majarian Timothy D. , Schroeder Philipp , Cole Joanne B. , Florez Jose C. , Patel Chirag J. , Manning Alisa , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , Merino Jordi , Udler Miriam S.
Published: February 2023

  

Objective: Quantify the impact of genetic and socioeconomic factors on risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity.

Research Design and Methods: Among participants in the Mass General Brigham Biobank (MGBB) and UK Biobank (UKB), we used logistic regression models to calculate cross-sectional odds of T2D and obesity using 1) polygenic risk scores for T2D and body mass index (BMI) and 2) area-level socioeconomic risk (educational attainment) measures. The primary analysis included 26,737 participants of European genetic ancestry in MGBB with replication in UKB (N=223,843), as well as in participants of non-European ancestry (MGBB N=3,468; UKB N=7,459).

Results:  The area-level socioeconomic measure most strongly associated with both T2D and obesity was percent without a college degree, and associations with disease prevalence were independent of genetic risk (P<0.001 for each). Moving from lowest to highest quintiles of combined genetic and socioeconomic burden more than tripled T2D (3.1% to 22.2%) and obesity (20.9% to 69.0%) prevalence. Favorable socioeconomic risk was associated with lower disease prevalence, even in those with highest genetic risk (T2D 13.0% vs. 22.2%, obesity 53.6% vs. 69.0% in lowest vs. highest socioeconomic risk quintiles). Additive effects of genetic and socioeconomic factors accounted for 13.2% and 16.7% of T2D and obesity prevalence explained by these models, respectively. Findings were replicated in independent European and non-European ancestral populations. 

Conclusions: Genetic and socioeconomic factors significantly interact to increase risk of T2D and obesity. Favorable area-level socioeconomic status was associated with an almost 50% lower T2D prevalence in those with high genetic risk.
Proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio as a marker of beta-cell function in African American and European American adults
Authors: Couch Catharine A. , Piccinini Francesca , Fowler Lauren A. , Garvey W. Timothy , Gower Barbara A.
Published: February 2023

  

Objective: The primary purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio (PI:CP), as an index of proinsulin secretion, would be higher and associated with indices of beta-cell function in African American adults relative to European American adults without type 2 diabetes. 

Research Design and Methods: Participants were 114 African American and European American adult men and women. A 2-h OGTT was conducted to measure glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin, and derive indices of beta-cell response to glucose. The Matsuda index was calculated as a measure of insulin sensitivity. The disposition index (DI, the product of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell response) was calculated for each phase of beta-cell responsivity. Pearson correlations were used to investigate the relationship of PI:CP with each phase of beta-cell response (Φb, Φd, Φs, Φtot), disposition indices (DId, DIs, DItot), and insulin sensitivity. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate independent contributions of race, BMI, and glucose tolerance status on PI:CP levels, before and after adjustment for insulin sensitivity. 

Results: African American participants had higher fasting and 2-h PI:CP. Fasting PI:CP was positively associated with Φb, and fasting PI:CP and 2-h PI:CP were inversely associated with DId and insulin sensitivity only in African American participants. 

Conclusions: PI:CP could be useful in identifying African American individuals at highest risk for beta-cell dysfunction and ultimately type 2 diabetes. 
Abstracts from the 5th World Psoriasis & Psoriatic Arthritis Conference 2018 June 27-30, 2018 Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: No authors Listed
Published: February 2023

No Abstract available
Economic Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Ellen M. , Cho Yung-Tsu , Chan Tom C. , Shen Dereck , Chu Chia-Yu , Tang Chao-Hsiun
Published: February 2023

Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease that manifests clinically as pruritus and eczema. Severe forms of atopic dermatitis can be chronic and relapsing or associated with other dermatological complications and comorbidities, resulting in lifelong impacts across multiple aspects for patients. This study was conducted to calculate the atopic dermatitis-related economic burden in Taiwan. First, the out-of- pocket costs incurred by 200 patients with atopic dermatitis were estimated using a specifically designed questionnaire. Secondly, work impairment was converted into quantifiable costs. The costs reimbursed by the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI), which were estimated in our previous work, were included in the final calculation. The atopic dermatitis-related economic burden for patients in Taiwan in 2018 was estimated as (2018 New Taiwan dollars; NT$) 37.90 billion, which is 0.207% of Taiwan’s gross domestic product. This substantial economic burden suggests an existing need for more effective and equitable treatment for atopic dermatitis.
A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day
Authors: Espen Søbye
Published: February 2023

...I løpet av en 10 års tid vil Indias befolkning være større enn Kinas, og i 2050 vil landet ha nesten 300 millioner flere innbyggere enn Kina, ifølge FNs siste befolkningsframskriving. [...] Hvordan har befolkningsutviklingen i India vært, og hvordan kan den forstås, og vil den følge de trekkene som har kjennetegnet befolkningsutviklingen i Europa og Kina?
Ensurance of artificial intelligence systems cyber security: analysis of vulnerabilities, attacks and countermeasures
Authors:   National aerospace university “KhAI”, Neretin Oleksii , Kharchenko Vyacheslav ,   National aerospace university “KhAI”
Published: February 2023

In recent years, many companies have begun to integrate artificial intelligence systems (AIS) into their infrastructures. AIS is used in sensitive areas of society, such as the judicial system, critical infrastructure, video surveillance, and others. This determines the need for a reliable assessment and guaranteed provision of cyber security of AIS. The study analyzed the state of affairs regarding the cyber security of these systems. Possible types of attacks are classified and the main ones are considered in detail. Threats and attacks were analyzed by level of severity and security risks were assessed using the IMECA method. “Adversarial attacks” and “Data poisoning” attacks are found to have the highest risks of danger, but the countermeasures are not at the appropriate level. It was concluded that there is a need for formalization and standardization of the life cycle of the development and use of secure AIS. The directions of further research regarding the need to develop methods for evaluating and ensuring cyber security of the AIS are substantiated, including for systems that provide AI as a service.
Intelligent system of passenger flows dynamic 2D-visualization for public transport routes
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Matseliukh Yurii , Bublyk Myroslava ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Vysotska Victoria ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2023

In order to increase the attractiveness of public transport for urban residents, a software product has been created for transport companies that, by visualizing passenger traffic, helps to improve the quality of public transport services provided within the city. The paper analyses existing and current scientific developments and literature sources, which show the advantages and disadvantages of a large number of different algorithms and methods, approaches, and methods for solving problems of 2D- visualization of passenger flows on public routes. As a result of the research, stable connections have been established between the factors and criteria involved in assessing the quality of passenger transport services. The system analysis of the designed system is executed, and examples of the structure of an intelligent system of 2D visualization of passenger flows are created. The connections of the system with the essential elements of the external world are analysed. For a visual representation, diagrams of usage variants, classes, sequences, states, and activities are created according to UML notation. Our own unique algorithms have been created for displaying visualizations in two different modes: schematic and “on the map”. In the “on the map” mode, a method of calculating data on the movement of transport units on the route was successfully applied for 2D visualization on the screen, taking into account the absolute values of geographical coordinates in the world. This avoids unnecessary errors and inaccuracies in the calculations. An artificial neural network has been developed that operates using the RMSprop learning algorithm. The artificial neural network predicts how the values of passenger traffic will change when adjusting the schedule of the transport unit on the route. The obtained results make it possible to form and substantiate the expediency of changing the schedule of the vehicle running on the route in order to make more efficient use of races during peak times.