bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The U.S. missile defense policy measures: place and role of U.S. Space Force
Authors: Krivolapov Oleg
Published: February 2025

The development of the U.S. Space Forces directly affects the United States’ missile defense policy. In this regard, it is important to determine the current and perspective place and role of this Service in the development of the U.S. missile defense. It is necessary to clarify the emphasis of the U.S. administration in this area; to compare the roles of the Missile Defense Agency and U.S. Space Forces in missile defense; and to understand the current state and prospects of American space programs connected with missile defense. The evolution of funding of various programs and organizations in Fiscal Years 2018-2025, especially, the sums of the administration's request, show the dynamics of interest for those programs and organizations on the part of the U.S. military and political leadership. The latest changes in the areas of responsibility of organizations, the current state and prospects of such projects as space-based interceptors and various types of sensors are also highlighted. Conclusions are drawn about the possible consequences of the U.S. current space policy, which is closely related to missile defense policy.
Religion through the lens of American politics
Authors: Sirvatko Pavel
Published: February 2025

The article examines the changes in the religious landscape of the United States in the second and third decades of the 21th century, focusing on the processes of secularization as the main factor in the polarization of American society around socio-cultural issues and broader issues of national self-consciousness and identity. Special attention is paid to the mutual influence of religion and politics. The author notes that religious consciousness actively interferes in the political process, shaping the preferences of the electorate and can influence the political programs of parties. At the same time, politics has a strong impact on the religious sphere, contributing to its transformation and adaptation to new conditions. This two-way influence is a vicious cycle that increasingly radicalizes views on social issues and polarizes sides of the political spectrum. The study is particularly relevant in the run-up to the 2024 presidential election because it reflects the current electoral sentiments and party preferences of American voters.
Advanced automotive technologies of the US and their impact on the development of the industry
Authors: Chalenkov Alexander
Published: February 2025

A significant acceleration in the development of promising fundamental technologies in recent years is one of the most significant factors in increasing the competitiveness of all manufacturing sectors of all countries of the world as a whole. This is especially true for the automotive industry, since its products are extremely dependent on new developments that provide higher safety standards, environmental impact, and are also a locomotive for the development of transport and energy infrastructure in developed and developing countries. In addition, proactively creating, testing, and implementing such technologies in the automotive industry is critical to the entire US economy and its sustainability due to the significant export focus of local automakers and competition from leading foreign automakers who are also focused on introducing new technologies into their own auto industry products. This article analyzes the most innovative achievements of American automotive and related companies, advanced software developers, semiconductor industry and environmental companies that aim to achieve global leadership in achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality, as well as their impact on the local economy, road safety, transport and energy infrastructure of the United States at the present stage.
The economic ties of the USA and the South Caucasus countries
Authors: Beletskaya Maria
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the analysis of economic relations between the United States and the countries of the South Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. The study covers a wide range of interactions, including international aid, trade, foreign investments, financial flows, and certain humanitarian aspects. The overall scale of U.S. economic engagement with the region is noted to be relatively small. The countries of the South Caucasus maintain more significant economic ties with European countries, as well as with Russia, Turkey, and Iran. The article concludes that U.S. economic interests in these countries are largely driven by and supportive of broader strategic, political, and military objectives.
Russia Containment Policy: Economic Aspects
Authors: Davydov Andrey
Published: February 2025

This article covers key theoretical approaches to the problem of economic containment of Russian Federation by Western countries. This geopolitical strategy pursued by the United States and other Western countries aimed to prevent successful economic development both Russian Federation and China during current century. The initiator of containment policy was American diplomat George F. Kennan, counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. In February 1946 George F. Kennan presented analytical report about future Soviet-American relation. To avoid military confrontation Kennan suggested to contain Soviet Union development by economic measures. In current situation the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA) is the major legislative instrument of U.S. containment policy. One of the primary policy motivations behind this act was the need to enhance U.S. export and investment controls to address concerns regarding the release of critical technologies to Russia and China. The new law requires to control deliveries of the following technologies: artificial intelligence and machine learning, augmented reality, advanced battery technology, “big data” technology and some others. In the Section 2 the author reviews the effects of U.S. containment policy for Russian economic development. Three basis scenarios of Russia containment are being discussed. Major results of containment policy are being analyzed. Due to Western sanctions Russian gross domestic product decreased 1.2% in 2022. But in 2023 Russian GDP increased 3.6%, and in 2024 higher economic growth is expected. Oil export decreased in 2023, but Russian balance of payment is positive President Trump administration is expected to suggest new ideas to Russian-American relations.
The policy of the administration of J. Biden's attitude towards Israel in the field of security: some results
Authors: Zamanapulov Demokrit
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the initial attitudes and reasons for the transformation of the policy of the administration of J. Biden's attitude towards Israel in the field of security. The article highlights the military and political aspects of the relationship between the United States and Israel, in the context of the complicated situation in the Middle East.
U.S. animal husbandry in the 21st century: state and development trends
Authors: Ovchinnikov Oleg
Published: February 2025

Livestock products are an integral part of a complete human diet, and therefore stable provision of them to the population are important indicators of economic well-being and a component of food security in any country. At the same time, the production of these products is extremely uneven on the territory of the planet. By now, there are several regions where its production is sufficient at the same time, both to meet its own needs and to supply for export. These are, as a rule, countries with significant natural resources for agricultural purposes. Among them, the United States is the largest producer and supplier of animal products to the global agricultural market. This was facilitated not only by the availability of natural resources, but also by significant technological and organizational achievements in this branch of agriculture. This article analyzes the place occupied by the United States in the world in the production of livestock products, as well as trends and factors in the production of various its types.
Historical overview of the first USSR-USA lunar race: stages and legacy for the 21st century
Authors: Petrova Irina
Published: February 2025

The intensity of space exploration and utilization of space has increased significantly in the 21st century. Both the number of countries involved in space activities and the range of space activities they conduct are growing.
Russia and the United States, pioneers of the use of outer space, have a long history of rivalry and cooperation in this field. A special place in the "space race" has the Moon. Interest for the Moon exploration was not stable – once it was included in the priority programs of both states, then lost its importance, or disappeared at all.
Currently, we are witnessing the resumption of research and the emergence of commercial interest in the exploration of the Moon. In this regard, it is important to refer to the experience of the Soviet-American rivalry in the field of "paving the way" for the research of our closest space neighbor in the 60-70s of the last century: assessing the causes of successes and failures during the implementation of manned and unmanned lunar programs, mentioning in some cases non-trivial technical and political decisions taken to the achievement of the goals of the stages, as well as an overview of their technical and research heritage, which is a significant help for lunar programs conducted in our century.
Shaping of a New World Order: shifting balance of power
Authors: Prikhodko Oleg
Published: February 2025

The article aims to scrutinize evolving transformation of the world order and figure out driving forces and mechanisms of this process. For this purpose, analytical tools such as the concept of balance of power and the theory of “polarity” in international relations were used. Perceptions of a just world order held by Russia and China are in collision with those shared by the United States and its allies. This fundamental disagreement bears far-reaching implications for the international system. The main positions that crystallized in the vivid debates about an emerging world order, which unfolded in the U.S. political and academic community, are thoroughly analyzed in the article. Historical analogies do not always help to embark on the right track in predicting a future structure of the world system, taking into consideration enormous differences in international environment in previous centuries as compared with present day.
U.S. Congressional Elections in 2024
Authors: Rogova Natalia
Published: February 2025

The article deals with elections in the U.S. Congress in 2024. It analyzes positions of political partisan candidates for the Senate and the House of Representatives, especially the fighting among members of the Republican faction in the Congress. The article discusses the interconnection between these election campaign and the presidential race of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. There is an analysis of the confrontation between supporters and opponents of military and economic assistance to Ukraine and Israel. Results of the elections permitted the Republican party to grab control of all branches of power. The article tackles the appointment of some members of the Congress to the Trump administration. The disagreements between the Republican legislators and the White House are also mentioned.
A Post-American Europe: from Debate to Reality?
Authors: Smirnov Pavel
Published: February 2025

The 2024 U.S. presidential campaign in the United States crowned with and Donald Trump’s victory bid to come back to the White House, have has had a significant impact on the debate within the U.S. about the state of relations with NATO allies and the future of NATO. Keeping in mind the crisis of those relations during Trump's first term, and taking into account the need to maintain NATO's viability and political will necessary to counter Russia’s warfare in Ukraine, the debaters are pondering possible options for reforming the American-European alliance and radically reducing the U.S. role in it. Reviewing a host of expert opinions in the US and Europe, the article concludes that, regardless of who holds the supreme power, the sentiments in the United States in favor of shifting the main burden of the European security onto Europeans themselves will grow, albeit without dissolving NATO. Russia's determination to revise, even by force, the unfavorable geopolitical architecture of Europe will contribute to such sentiments. The author dwells on some specific proposals by Western experts for a gradual “de-Americanization” of NATO and argues that, although these proposals do not entirely appear realistic, they serve as a warning that the future of the American “security umbrella” above Europe is not guaranteed.
Risks of uncontrollability for GenAI models of American technology companies
Authors: Sokolova Marianna
Published: February 2025

The article discusses trends in the market of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) of American high-tech companies. The question is raised about the risks of uncontrolled use of this technology. First of all, we are talking about the leaders of the technological race - such LLM as ChatGPT (OpenAI), Gemini (Google), etc. It is said about the warnings of scientists (E. Hinton, J. Bendjio, I. Sutckever) on the uncontrolled consequences of technological competition for the production of advanced models of generative AI between Google and Microsoft and the need for regulation in this area. The problems related to data quality, on which the reliability of the results of generative neural networks depends, are considered as one of the main risk factors for uncontrollability. New approaches in legislative regulation in the field of GenAI are highlighted in connection with the preparation of the California bill SB 1047.
Branch Priorities of Federal R&D Support in the USA in the Context of the World Order Transformation
Authors: Sudakova Natalia
Published: February 2025

The article reveals the branch priorities of federal R&D support in the United States, which are due to new challenges to the country's economic, scientific and technological development, its national security and competitiveness on the world stage. It has been identified that these priorities are mainly new and already existing rapidly changing areas of research and development. Among them are biotechnologies that ensure the development of bioeconomy, biomedical research, hydrogen energy and offshore energy technologies, critical minerals and materials, a wide range of information technologies, 5G telecommunication technologies. At the same time, traditional branch R&D priorities, such as climate research, agricultural research, earth science, space and water research, defense R&D, are also transforming, but to a lesser extent. It was established that the current administration and Congress, in the context of supporting certain areas of research and development, pay significant attention to the development of human resources and the promotion of public health. Measures are being taken to ensure sustainable supply chains necessary to bring new technologies to the market and improve existing ones. Significant efforts by the government are aimed at overcoming the excessive dependence of the United States on the production and supply of semiconductors from East Asia, which are often associated with high risks of failure.
The US factor in the formation of a new security architecture in the Indo-Pacific region: for the two-year anniversary of the US regional strategy
Authors: Terzi Alexandra
Published: February 2025

New Indo-Pacific security architecture is evolving in the context of increasing geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China. The U.S. goal of forming a counterweight to China is a tool to maintain global leadership. The cornerstone of U.S. policy in the Indo-Pacific is the development of alliances, the deployment of the Armed Forces, conducting military exercises, intelligence sharing and diplomatic activity. The repercussions of this political course are the informal division of the region’s states into proponents and opponents of the United States in the format of new regional blocs.
Trump 2.0: back to future?
Authors: Trush Sergei
Published: February 2025

D.Trump is facing various challenges in his China policy. Among them the possibility of the new trade war, triangle relationship with Russia and China in the Ukraine crisis, the Taiwan problem, the systemic challenge of the technological competition with China in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. The last challenge is the most important and complicated. The whole paradigm of the technological competition with China needs to be reassessed in the new technological era.
Trade Relations Between Canada and India in the 21st Century
Authors: Khoroshilov Evgeny
Published: February 2025

The article examines main trends characterizing trade relations between Canada and India. The research covers dynamics of bilateral trade, trade structure, trade negotiations between the two countries, and infrastructure of the Canadian-Indian dialogue in the field of trade and economic relations. It is concluded that in recent years, the supply of high-value-added products from India to Canada has been growing rapidly. For Canada, the structure of its bilateral trade with India is deteriorating. The main volume of Canadian exports to India is accounted for by agricultural and raw materials such as coal, vegetables, and mineral fertilizers. Canadian imports from India are dominated by mechanical engineering, electrical, pharmaceutical and light industry products. The most important items of Indian exports to Canada are medicines, telephone communication equipment, components for the automotive industry, and jewelry. At the same time, the current political crisis in Canada-India relations has not yet had a negative impact on bilateral trade and has not led to the introduction of bilateral trade restrictions.
Women in the U.S. 2024 elections
Authors: Chestnyagina Kseniya
Published: February 2025

Author looks at the presidential elections in the USA, in particular the participation of women candidates in the race for both the highest post in the executive branch and seats in Congress. The author underlines that the Democratic Party is losing voters, and the winner of the race - D. Trump - has not only taken the top post, votes in key states, but has also managed to win majorities in both houses of Congress. The author also considers how different categories of the American population voted and how this affected the outcome of this presidential race.
Renewal of the Canadian Museum Policy
Authors: Shchukina Tatiana
Published: February 2025

At the National Culture Summit: The Future of Arts, Culture and Heritage in Canada in May 2022, Minister of Canadian Heritage announced the beginning on renewing the Canadian Museum Policy. The policy was last updated in 1990. Since then there have been important societal shifts, including the need to advance reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, addressing issues of equity, diversity and inclusion, and the ongoing digital transformation of the heritage sector.
To better understand the challenges, realities, and priorities of heritage institutions Department of Canadian heritage organized consultations that took place from October 2022 to June 2023. The consultations involved heritage sector stakeholders, Indigenous partners, federal, provincial and territorial representatives. The results of the consultations were summarized and then published in the government report "Renewal of the Canadian Museum Policy. What we heard report: 2022-2023 consultations".
Several policy considerations have emerged from the consultations. Canadians expect governments to place significant importance on supporting heritage institutions. Policy directions for new national museum policy were defined as following:
1)supporting financial sustainability;
2)improve of preservation and access as core functions;
3) advancing reconciliation with Indigenous peoples;
4) embracing equity, diversity and inclusion.
America First, Russia and Ukraine (Center for American Security)
Authors: Podlesny Pavel
Published: February 2025

In April 2024, the Center for American Security, a well-known research organization, published an analytical report on the Ukrainian conflict. Its authors are retired military officers Keith Kellogg and Fred Fleitch. Both of them held important positions in the staff of the US National Security Council during the presidency of D. Trump in 2017-2021. They critically examine the performance of the J. Biden administration, accusing it of incompetence, which, in their opinion, contributed to the escalation of the conflict in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the approaches of the Trump and Biden administrations to foreign policy, including arms supplies and diplomatic measures, is given. It emphasizes the risks that prolonging the war poses to the United States, NATO, and global security in general, and suggests possible paths to a peaceful resolution, such as a ceasefire agreement, peace talks, and a temporary suspension of Ukraine's NATO membership. The report recognizes the complex nature of the conflict and its impact on international security, but contains controversial elements that may not be feasible in practice.
On the legal issues of proceedings concerning the provision of cash benefits from social assistance. Part 2
Authors: Łakoma Sylwia
Published: February 2025

Prezentowane opracowanie miało na celu przybliżenie problematyki prawnej postępowania w sprawie udzielania świadczeń pieniężnych z pomocy społecznej, w aspekcie jednej z przesłanek negatywnych o charakterze obligatoryjnym, tj. niewyrażenia zgody na przeprowadzenie rodzinnego wywiadu środowiskowego (art. 107 ust. 4a u.p.s.). Opracowanie stanowi drugą część artykułu – pierwsza część dotyczyła wybranych przesłanek negatywnych o charakterze fakultatywnym. Sygnalizowany wywiad, przeprowadzany w szczególności z osobami (rodzinami) ubiegającymi się o wsparcie z pomocy społecznej, z założenia ma ukazać
sytuację wnioskodawcy w sposób wszechstronny, uwzględniający wszelkie okoliczności sprawy mogące mieć wpływ na prawo do określonego świadczenia pieniężnego. Zważywszy na tę okoliczność, niewyrażenie zgody na jego przeprowadzenie – wobec niemożności ustalenia stanu faktycznego – niesie za sobą obligatoryjną odmowę przyznania świadczenia pieniężnego. Niniejszy artykuł zmierzał m.in. do przybliżenia rozumienia znaczenia zwrotu „niewyrażenie zgody”, przynależącego do kategorii pojęć niedookreślonych. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy rozwiązania prawne przyjęte w u.p.s., we wskazanym zakresie, są wystarczająco precyzyjnie i jasno sformułowane, tak aby ułatwić i w efekcie umożliwić organom pomocy społecznej podejmowanie decyzji w przedmiotowej kwestii, a jeśli nie, to czy pomocna może tu okazać się praktyka orzecznicza sądów administracyjnych. Badania zostały oparte na dogmatyczno-prawnej analizie przepisów u.p.s. oraz wypowiedzi doktryny i orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych. Przepisy przywołanego aktu prawnego – zważywszy na przedmiotową przesłankę – nie wydały się wystarczająco jasno i precyzyjnie sformułowane (podobnie jak miało to miejsce w przypadku przesłanek negatywnych o charakterze fakultatywnym), tak aby ułatwić organom pomocy społecznej wydawanie decyzji w sprawach udzielania świadczeń pieniężnych z pomocy społecznej. Wynika to z niedoprecyzowania przez ustawodawcę przywołanego zwrotu. Z przyczyn czysto obiektywnych nie wydaje się to do końca możliwe, co nie zmienia faktu, że w praktyce prowadzi do wielu wątpliwości interpretacyjnych. Pewną pomoc w ustaleniu znaczenia zwrotu „niewyrażenie zgody” może stanowić praktyka orzecznicza sądów administracyjnych.
Ukrainians’ entry to and stay in the European Union in the face of the armed conflict since February 2022 – legal aspects with a particular focus on the case of Poland
Authors: Szwed Agata
Published: February 2025

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie regulacji prawnomiędzynarodowych (w tym unijnych) dotyczących wjazdu i pobytu Ukraińców w Polsce w obliczu wybuchu konfliktu zbrojnego w Ukrainie 24 lutego 2022 roku. Analizie i ocenie poddane zostaną akty prawa międzynarodowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aktów prawa UE, które są związane z tematem aktualnej sytuacji w Ukrainie i jej konsekwencjami dla Polski. Wypracowane będą wnioski de lege lata i de lege ferenda pozwalające na zapewnienie jeszcze bardziej skutecznej ochrony osób uciekających z toczącego się w Ukrainie konfliktu zbrojnego i poszukujących ochrony
w Polsce. Metodologia zastosowana w badaniach obejmować będzie dwie podstawowe metody z zakresu nauk prawnych – metodę dogmatyczną oraz prawnoporównawczą. Pomocniczo wykorzystana zostanie metoda statystyczna.
Ewa Jędrzejewska, Compensation for damages from the vehicle owner’s third party liability insurance in connection with a road accident. Procedure. Sample documents. Law in practice
Authors: Gil Izabella
Published: February 2025

Recenzowane opracowanie autorstwa dr Ewy Jędrzejewskiej „Odszkodowanie za szkody z OC posiadacza pojazdu w związku z wypadkiem drogowym. Postępowanie. Wzory” ukazała się w 2022 roku nakładem Wydawnictwa Wolters Kluwer w ramach serii „Prawo w praktyce”. Podjęta w opracowaniu problematyka związana z dochodzeniem roszczeń z OC posiadacza pojazdu mechanicznego ma niewątpliwie ważne znaczenie praktyczne z uwagi na stale zwiększającą się liczbę kolizji drogowych.
Experience in developing jet noise silencers
Authors: Kalabukhov V. N.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the acoustic characteristics of subsonic jet streams exposed to high-frequency noise. The main device generating high-frequency sound was a system consisting of peripheral nozzles located around the main (base) nozzle. It was shown that sound irradiation has a significant effect on the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of subsonic turbulent jets.
Boundary value problems for discontinuously loaded parabolic equations
Authors: Karmokov M. M. , Nakhusheva F. M. , Gekkieva S. Kh.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with boundary value problems for a discontinuously loaded parabolic equation with a Riemann – Liouville fractional integro-differentiation operator with variable coefficients. The unambiguous solvability of the Cauchy – Dirichlet problem for a discontinuously loaded parabolic equation of fractional order is proved. The paper also examines the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the first boundary value problem for a discontinuously loaded parabolic equation. Using the method of the Green function, using the properties of the fundamental solution of the corresponding homogeneous equation, as well as assuming that the coefficients of the equation are bounded, continuous and satisfy the Helder condition, while remaining non-negative, it is shown that the solution of the problem is reduced to a system of Volterra integral equations of the second kind.
A Strive to Construct a Function to Obtain the Irrational and Transcendental Real Numbers and its Dominant Role in Signal Processing
Authors: Sowmiya K.
Published: February 2025

A transcendental real number is a number which will not be the root of any integer polynomial, must also be irrational number, whereas not all irrational numbers are transcendental. In this paper, we construct a mathematical function to obtain the irrational and transcendental real numbers. And also, we elucidate its importance in signal processing.
Improved Exponential Synchronization of Neutral Delay Differential Systems with Time Varying Delays
Authors: Baskar P. , Srinivasa G. , Padmanabhan S. , . Vijayakumar
Published: February 2025

The improved exponential synchronization of the neutral time delay differential system is examined in this research article.The augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional (LKF) with free matrix variables and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs)are used to construct the stability requirements. To show that the suggested approach is effective, numerical examples areprovided in terms of LMI.
Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction on Total Phenolic Content of Saussurea lappa Root Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Raju M. V. Govinda , Chandhana P. D. , Yallur Basappa , Batakurki Sheetal R. , Deshpande Bhargavi , Adimule Vinayak
Published: February 2025

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a scientific method are useful in optimization of experimental set ups. It requires observing and gathering information about how process and system works. In an experiment, some input x’s transform into an output that has one or more observable response variables y. Therefore, useful results and conclusions can be drawn by experiment. In the present paper, Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to the ultrasound assisted reaction using three factors and three variables to optimize the extraction process. The three independent variables during the extraction of phytochemicals from the Saussurea lapparoot were temperature, concentration of solvent a time of sonication and dependent variable is yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The total phenol contents of the optimized extraction process were studied. The optimized extraction was evaluated for antioxidant studies using DPPH (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The optimized conditions for the maximum extraction 50% were when temperature was maintained at 45 °C with 60% methanol concentration and sonication time around 50 mins and the 80% of inhibition of DPPH free radical was achieved.
Effect of Tungsten Chromium Nickel (W-Cr-Ni) on the Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Composite
Authors: Vishwas D. K. , Chandrappa C. N.
Published: February 2025

Strengthening of metals, towards approaching, inexorable climate, is a significant perspective in surface engineering. The Family of aluminium and its alloys, are more in demand. The uniqueness of the metal, lies, in its ability of being strengthier, simultaneously being lesser in weight, these parameters make it more suitable, in areas of Construction, Mining and Infrastructre associated equipments, wherein in, the objective of reducing, the static mass acting on the structure needed to be reduced. In automobiles, it is heat transfer, followed by less weight, which is the objective, get satisfied by these metals. In our present, endeavor, we have tried, to improve its defensive forefront, towards aggressive loss of surface in working, where in metal is set to abrade, in contact with a hard surface. The crucial components, in the extraction machinery equipment, undergo substantial surface loss in their working, the metals need to be strengthened with hard particles, which increases their defense against hard earth surface, wherein these machinery components rub towards each other. These fortified metals extend the service life of crucial elements. we are considering Al6061 as a Substrate, and to make its defense stronger, we are fortifying, the base alloy, with nickel, and chromium increments, added in tungsten environment. Our Hybrid alloy is realized, by heating the substrate, to its liquidous state, further, it is continuously stirred, to introduce reinforcements, in an incremental proportion starting from (Wt %) 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% respectively. The wear studies are conducted in three-body abrasion setup- ASTM G65 standard. The tests are conducted for two different loads and variable abrading distance varying from 700 to 2100m.The results are compared with as-cast Al6061 and reinforced composite. It has been observed that there is considerable reduction in volume loss visa-v- vis wear rate.
Exploring Team Passing and Movement in Sports: A Deep Learning Framework
Authors: Yasaswi I. G. S. , . Meeradevi , Mundada Monica R. , Sarika D. , Alva P. Dhrithi , Shetty Harshita
Published: February 2025

Sports are a type of competitive physical activity that aims to promote the actual abilities and capacity of a person based on team and player performance. The main agenda of a team in sports is to achieve a better score when compared to their opponent team. During this play period, the defensive players further try to predict the upcoming moves of the attackers to prevent them from scoring goals and vice versa. Such action is an outstanding illustration of a predictable nature and is a key part of human intelligence. In this way, the consistently developing interests in sports have paved the way for the development of various analytical methods and techniques to understand the boundaries of sports. Recent advances in deep learning algorithms have shown a way for many effective and successful applications. This proposed work aims to devise a novel system that is an integration of classification and CNN-based DenseNet framework for predicting the next move of a player based on the player’s attitude and body movements in a sport. The proposed model showed better accuracy compared to other classification models. Similarly, numerous existing problems in the field of mining, metal and fuel industries can be addressed with the support of advanced technologies like AI and CV. The CNN-based models and computer vision techniques can be used in mining industries to forecast blast-induced air-blast overpressure in open pit mines and also to distinguish the source area of microseismic occasions based on recorded ground tremors, therefore preventing mine catastrophe. Nevertheless, not only on-site but also the usage of multiple deep learning hybrid and detection algorithms helps in reducing irregularities and faults at manufacturing units with an increase in automation process and smart manufacturing techniques.
The role of artificial intelligence in postoperative care after cardiac surgery
Authors: Parizad Razieh , Parvizi Rezayat
Published: February 2025

The Article Abstract is not available.
Comparison of cold and tepid modified delnido cardioplegia on myocardial protection in open heart surgery patients
Authors: Rostamani Saeed , Hadadzadeh Mehdi , Moshtaghion Seyed Hossein , Shamsi Farimah , Tajamolian Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Cardioplegia is a crucial component of myocardial protection during aortic cross-clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass. It has been reported to provide effective myocardial protection and improved clinical outcomes with enhanced surgical flow in adult cardiac procedures. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of cold-modified Del Nido cardioplegia versus tepid blood cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery patients using Myotherm, a device mainly used in cardiac surgery to monitor and manage the myocardial temperature during surgery.
Methods: After obtaining approval from the ethics committee and establishing entry criteria that included age, type of heart surgery, and absence of cardioplegic contraindications, the researchers defined exclusion criteria-such as previous heart surgery or significant comorbidities. Seventy patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A received a cold solution at 4°C( n=35), while Group B received a tepid solution at 28°C (n=35).The amount of cardioplegia was 10 to 15 cc/kg and was injected with a pressure of 70 to 90 mm Hg in an anterograde manner. The temperature of cardioplegia was also adjusted with a Myotherm device. The day before the surgery, a written consent form was obtained from the patients, and the patients were informed about the study method. The sampling method is a double-blind clinical trial to achieve minimal bias, ensuring the reliability of the results and reducing influences on it. This study was conducted in Afshar Hospital in Yazd during 2023 and 2024.
Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (p=1.0), intraoperative and postoperative inotropic support (p=0.26), and postoperative pacemaker (p=0.49). Also, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of troponin I level after surgery (p=0.50), left ventricular ejection fraction after discharge (p=0.34), time to return of spontaneous heart rhythm (P=0.25), cross-clamp time (P=0.30), cardiopulmonary bypass time (P=0.07), and length of stay in the ICU (P=0.21).
Conclusions: The result showed that both techniques provide similar results. Although the time of cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass was shorter in the group using tepid solution, these differences were not statistically significant. In other words, cold and tepid solutions are equally effective and safe to protect the myocardium, and doctors can use both types of solutions during open heart surgery.
Assessment of relationship between red blood cell distribution width and renal function in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Naji Nesa , Jafari Negar , Rabori Venus Shahabi
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To investigate the association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and renal function in patients experiencing acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 254 patients admitted to Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital in Urmia, Iran, between July 2021 and July 2023. Patients' RDW values and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) were analyzed using statistical methods.
Results: The study revealed a significant inverse relationship between RDW and GFR. Patients with elevated RDW levels (greater than 14.5%) demonstrated reduced GFR values compared to those with lower RDW levels. The mean GFR in patients with RDW ≤14.5% was 59.31 ml/min, while in patients with RDW >14.5% it was 49.71 ml/min (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: RDW is an important biomarker for evaluating renal function and predicting outcomes in ADHF patients. RDW inclusion in evaluating ADHF patients could improve risk stratification and facilitate early intervention. Additional studies are necessary to validate these findings and examine the underlying mechanisms. RDW Integration into routine clinical practice may enhance the identification of patients at higher risk for renal complications, enabling timely therapeutic interventions and potentially improving overall patient management and outcomes.
The Impact of Leadership Development Programs on Organizational Resilience and Change Management
Authors: Zafar Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Modern business environments require organizations to possess advanced tools which Leadership Development Programs (LDPs) develop through their pivotal role in this process. This research examines how Leadership Development Programs (LDPs) support the development of organizational resilience as well as strengthen change management capabilities. An organization needs resilience to respond to disruptions and requires effective change management for achieving smooth transitions during times of essential transformation.
Organizational performance metrics have been assessed using a mixed methods model which combines quantitative survey data with qualitative data analysis for evaluating LDP impact. Leadership development programs that follow well-defined structures produce remarkable improvements in leaders' ability to predict future crises as well as their management and adaptation skills. Within organizations LDPs set the stage for adaptable workplaces through which innovation can thrive because team members experience less resistance during transitions. Industrial case studies prove that companies which implement leadership development efforts achieve swift returns through operational efficiency while retaining workforce commitment and maintaining market superiority.
Multiple barriers exist in the way of LDP program success including resource limitations and goal misalignment and inconsistent program assessment approaches. To achieve maximal results from LDPs organizations must develop specific leadership development programs that include all stakeholders and connect directly to organizational goals.
This research adds value to established literature through its combination of resilience theory with change management theory as precise foundations for leadership development models. This work presents practical guidance to professionals by outlining step-by-step solutions for designing LDPs together with methods to enhance organizational adaptiveness and valid assessment metrics. Organizations must establish leadership development as their strategic base for sustainable growth since changes and uncertainties demand immediate attention
Responsabilidade ambiental nas pesquisas em educação: a difícil conjugação de saber, poder, fazer e dever
Authors: Oliveira Jelson Roberto de
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar, a partir do pensamento do filósofo alemão Hans Jonas, como a responsabilidade ambiental se apresenta como um desafio para as pesquisas e as práticas em educação no mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, começaremos por analisar como, segundo o filósofo, o “novo” se tornou uma espécie de epíteto recomendatório e uma marca central da modernidade, mobilizando os esforços da educação a serviço do estado permanente de revolução fundado pela ciência e pela tecnologia. Demonstraremos como tal revolução começa com uma mudança no status do saber, que foi sequestrado pela lógica do poder e do fazer, em detrimento do dever – de forma que a tecnologia se desvencilha da ética. Explicaremos, a seguir, como esse processo desfigurou o papel da educação na medida em que rompeu com os ideias e valores da tradição, em função da ascensão do ideal da inovação, cujas consequências se revelam, em nossos dias, no esgotamento dos recursos naturais, na extinção das espécies e no risco de desaparecimento da própria espécie humana. Nesse cenário, cabe à educação uma tarefa cósmica: educar para o sentimento de pertença à humanidade, resgatando valores como a frugalidade e ensinando a fidelidade à Terra.
Narrar a si como doação: experiência, ética e integridade na pesquisa autobiográfica em educação
Authors: Schappo Alexssandro , Picoli Bruno Antonio
Published: February 2025

O presente ensaio tem como objeto a dimensão ética da autobiografia na pesquisa em Educação. A partir de uma abordagem teórica pluralista afirma-se que os caminhos para se trilhar em uma pesquisa são vastos, e ao se deparar com uma folha em branco escolhas precisam ser feitas e que elas sofrem influência do lugar que ocupamos, permeado por pressões externas e o desejo de construir uma pesquisa significativa, para além da adequação técnica. No ato de narrar a si nos doamos ao Outro e ao mundo, implicando em um despojamento de si, um “eis-me aqui” que não exige nada em troca, configurando-se como um ato ético radical. O texto está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira explora a relação da autobiografia com as noções de experiência e escrevivência, a partir de Evaristo (2020a, 2020b) e Larrosa (2017, 2021) e, na segunda, reflete sobre o propriamente ético na pesquisa autobiográfica com o suporte em Levinas (2009) e Souza (2016, 2018). Afirma a autobiografia em educação como a eticidade de um gesto que compreende a quintessência da pesquisa em Educação por indagar sobre como se torna o que se é e por oferecer-se sem exigência de reciprocidade ao Outro.
Pesquisa em educação e bioética: integrando valores éticos e conhecimento científico
Authors: Zanella Diego Carlos , Sganzerla Anor , Tedesco Anderson Luiz
Published: February 2025

Este artigo investiga as contribuições da bioética para as pesquisas em educação, com ênfase na formação de indivíduos capazes de refletir eticamente sobre questões científicas em suas práticas educacionais. Partindo da premissa de que a formação científica tradicional, focada predominantemente em aspectos técnicos, é insuficiente para enfrentar os desafios éticos contemporâneos, propomos uma integração entre valores éticos e conhecimentos científicos no processo educativo. Utilizamos o método de revisão bibliográfica para analisar a literatura existente sobre bioética, educação e a interseção entre ciência e humanidades. Foram consultadas obras de autores renomados, como Van Rensselaer Potter, Aldo Leopold, Hans Jonas, Humberto Maturana e Edgar Morin, cujas reflexões fundamentam a necessidade de uma nova ética que oriente a civilização tecnológica. A revisão incluiu artigos acadêmicos, livros e estudos de caso que abordam a aplicação da bioética no contexto educacional e suas implicações para a formação de cientistas e profissionais de diversas áreas. Nossos achados indicam que a bioética, ao propor uma visão holística e integradora, promove um diálogo interdisciplinar essencial para a construção de um conhecimento científico que seja eticamente responsável e socialmente relevante, inclusive para as pesquisas em educação. A formação baseada em princípios bioéticos não só capacita os indivíduos a avaliarem criticamente os impactos de suas ações, mas também a desenvolver uma consciência ecológica e humanística. Concluímos que a integração de valores éticos e conhecimento científico na educação é crucial para formar indivíduos preparados para enfrentar os desafios do século XXI com responsabilidade e sabedoria. Recomendamos que instituições educacionais adotem e promovam essa abordagem, sobretudo os programas de pós-graduação em educação, garantindo que a educação contemple não apenas o progresso técnico, mas também a formação ética e a sustentabilidade planetária.
A ética na pesquisa em Educação: aportes preliminares para análise de conteúdo
Authors: Fortunato Ivan , Mena Juanjo
Published: February 2025

O artigo questiona a centralidade da ética na prática de professores e pesquisadores em Educação, indagando sobre sua presença ou ausência em pesquisas e na orientação de estudantes. O objetivo principal é o de compreender os diferentes significados de “ética” na pesquisa educacional, analisando a literatura recente (desde 2020) e utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Dividido em três seções, o estudo aborda a definição clássica de ética, codifica e categoriza as definições encontradas em artigos selecionados, e analisa esses conteúdos. Ao final, espera-se que as reflexões sirvam para aprimorar a prática cotidiana e a formação de futuros docentes e pesquisadores, destacando a importância da ética e identificando possíveis lacunas.
The effect of sertraline-selenium combination on cardiac contractile strength
Authors: Solak Hatice , Solak Görmüş Z. Işık , Özen Koca Raviye , Akkuş Merve , Görmüş Niyazi
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Individuals with myocardial infarction (MI) frequently exhibit a heightened prevalence of depression, which elevates the likelihood of negative cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to assess the potential synergistic effects of sertraline, an antidepressant utilised for the prevention and treatment of depression commonly associated with cardiac disorders, and selenium, an antioxidant trace element, on atrial contraction force.
Methods: Thirty-two adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Atrial strips were positioned in the organ bath, and the tension was calibrated to 2 g. In the control group, isometric contractions were elicited using 10-3 M adrenaline, and the contractions were documented. Sertraline (S) was incrementally administered to the S group in dosages of 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM. In the Selenium (Se) Group, selenium was incrementally administered at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 2, and 4 mmol/L. S+Se group, S cumulative (0.01 mM, 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM) and Se cumulative (0.1, 1, 2, 4) mmol/L were administered at fifteen-minute intervals.
Results: The S group had a statistically significant reduction in contraction compared to the control group. Statistically substantial inhibition was noted in the Se group relative to the control group. Statistically significant contraction inhibition was noted in the S+Se group relative to the S group and Se group (P=0.035 and P=0.02, respectively).
Conclusions: According to the results of our study, sertraline-selenium combination showed an effect by inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ channels in rat atrium. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of sertraline, which is used in the treatment of depression that often accompanies cardiac disorders, and selenium, an effective trace element with antioxidant properties.