bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravidez recorrente na adolescência e vulnerabilidade social no Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brasil): uma análise de dados do Sistema de Nascidos Vivos
Authors: Silva Katia Silveira da , Rozenberg Riva , Bonan Claudia , Chuva Vânia Cristina Costa , Costa Simoni Furtado da , Gomes Maria Auxiliadora de Souza Mendes
Published: June 2011

A recorrência da gravidez na adolescência é tema pouco estudado no Brasil, sendo necessário o debate dos direitos reprodutivos dessa parcela da população. Realizou-se estudo transversal com dados das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos de mães adolescentes residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) do ano de 2005, com o objetivo de conhecer a magnitude e as características associadas à gravidez recorrente (GR). Foram estimadas razões de prevalência de GR com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% para variáveis selecionadas através de regressão multivariada log-binomial. Entre 12.168 adolescentes, identificou-se prevalência de GR de 29,1%. Os principais fatores associados à GR foram: idade 15-19 anos (RP=5,42 IC95% 3,72-7,81); não realizar pré-natal (RP=2,36 IC95% 2,16-2,58); escolaridade<4anos (RP=1,48 IC95% 1,25-1,76); ocupação dona de casa (RP=1,8 IC 95% 1,57-2,15) ou outra (RP=1,9 IC95% 1,73-2,10). Parto cesáreo e baixo peso foram associados negativamente a GR com RP iguais a 0,94 (IC95% 0,86-0,99) e 0,69 (IC95% 0,62-0,77). As adolescentes com gravidez recorrente tiveram indicadores socioeconômicos e assistenciais piores do que aquelas na primeira gravidez. Políticas sociais específicas para adolescentes mães em situação de vulnerabilidade possibilitariam melhores condições para o exercício de seus direitos reprodutivos.
Perfil e processo da assistência prestada ao recém-nascido de risco no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Melo Willian Augusto de , Uchimura Taqueco Teruya
Published: June 2011

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os recém-nascidos (RN) de risco e verificar o processo de assistência dispensado pelo Programa de Vigilância ao Recém-nascido de Risco do município de Maringá, PR. METODOLOGIA: Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários e das Fichas de Acompanhamento de uma amostragem estratificada composta por 505 RN de risco nascidos em 2007. As variáveis maternas, neonatais e assistenciais foram analisadas descritivamente utilizando o software Statistica 7.1. RESULTADOS: O Programa considerou somente os riscos biológicos como critério de inclusão, podendo os mesmos estar isolados (63,2%) ou associados entre si (36,8%). Sobre as mães, 71,5% eram adultas, 78,2% com escolaridade > 8 anos de estudo, 57,2% sem companheiro, 55,3% com ocupação não remunerada, 69,5% com > 6 consultas pré-natal, 87,3% de gravidez única e 65,4% realizaram parto cesáreo. Sobre os RN de risco, 51% eram masculinos, 50,3% com baixo peso ao nascer, 51,5% a termo, 95,8% sem anomalias congênitas e 90,3% com Apgar > 7 no 5º minuto. Sobre a assistência prestada às crianças de risco 69,5% foram acompanhadas pelo Programa, 71% dos prontuários foram localizados, 82,6% com nenhuma visita domiciliar, 8,9% receberam > 12 consultas médicas, 33,1% não receberam nenhuma orientação, 5,8% foram hospitalizados, 18,7% apresentaram > 12 pesagens, e 19,8% apresentaram registro de imunização completa. CONCLUSÃO: Faz-se necessário reorganizar a atenção básica que assegure a integralidade da assistência e à continuidade do acompanhamento do desenvolvimento e crescimento biopsicossocial da criança de risco.
Consumo, digestibilidade total, produção de proteína microbiana e balanço de nitrogênio em dietas com subprodutos de frutas para ruminantes
Authors: Azevêdo José Augusto Gomes , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Pina Douglas dos Santos , Detmann Edenio , Valadares Rilene Ferreira Diniz , Pereira Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Souza Natália Krish de Paiva , Silva Luiz Fernando Costa e
Published: June 2011

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de subprodutos de frutas in natura (abacaxi, goiaba, mamão, manga e maracujá) e do nível (10 e 30%) utilizado na dieta de bovinos em substituição parcial à silagem de milho sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade total dos nutrientes, a produção de proteína microbiana (Pmic) e o balanço de nitrogênio e sobre a predição das frações digestíveis e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) desses subprodutos. Todos os animais receberam silagem de milho e mistura ureia/sulfato de amônio (9:1) para que as rações se mantivessem isonitrogenadas. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS) (kg/dia), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e NDT, além da digestibilidade de PB, extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) foram afetados pela origem do subproduto. Houve efeito para o nível de inclusão dos subprodutos na digestibilidade da PB e EE. Os subprodutos de mamão, manga e abacaxi apresentaram valor energético 23,1; 18,0 e 7,1%, respectivamente, superior ao da silagem de milho. A fonte do subproduto influenciou as excreções urinárias de derivados de purinas totais e purinas absorvidas e a produção de proteína microbiana, além da ingestão (g/dia), a excreção dos compostos nitrogenados nas fezes e na urina (g/dia) e o balanço de nitrogênio (g/dia). O nível de inclusão dos subprodutos na dieta afetou as excreções urinárias de derivados de purinas totais e purinas absorvidas e a produção de proteína microbiana. Os subprodutos de abacaxi, mamão e manga têm valor energético superior ao da silagem de milho e podem substituir parcialmente concentrados energéticos em dietas para ruminantes. O subproduto de maracujá tem potencial para substituir parcialmente volumosos em dietas para ruminantes. O subproduto de goiaba apresenta limitações para uso em dietas para ruminantes.
Características nutricionais da carne de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar ou silagem de milho e dois níveis de concentrado
Authors: Leão André Gustavo , Sobrinho Américo Garcia da Silva , Moreno Greicy Mitzi Bezerra , Souza Hirasilva Borba Alves de , Perez Henrique Leal , Loureiro Cíntia Maria Battiston
Published: June 2011

Com o objetivo de avaliar as características nutricionais da carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar ou silagem de milho em duas relações volumoso:concentrado (60:40 ou 40:60), utilizaram-se 32 cordeiros Ile de France, não-castrados, com 15 kg de peso corporal distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2. Os animais foram confinados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 32 kg. A carne dos cordeiros teve 74,55% de umidade, 19,61% de proteína bruta, 1,04% de cinzas e 51,28 mg/100 g de colesterol. O teor de extrato etéreo foi maior na carne dos cordeiros alimentados com dietas com silagem de milho (3,97%) e na carne daqueles que receberam alimentação mais concentrada (4,02%). Os ácidos graxos em maior concentração na carne dos cordeiros foram C18:1w9 (37,93%), C16:0 (26,41%), C18:0 (17,09%), C14:0 (4,18%) e C18:2w6 (4,00%). A carne dos animais alimentados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar apresentou maiores teores dos ácidos C10:0 (0,47%) e C20:4w6 (4,17%) e menores de C16:1w7 (2,02%) e C18:3w3 (0,25%). A dieta com maior quantidade de cana-de-açúcar (60%) promoveu maiores teores dos ácidos C15:0 (0,68%), C17:0 (2,13%) e C20:2 (1,34%) na carne. Dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar ou maior quantidade de volumoso (60%) promovem menor deposição de gordura na carne de cordeiros. O tipo de volumoso tem maior influência no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiro em comparação à relação volumoso:concentrado das dietas. Dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar em maiores proporções originam carne com maiores concentrações de ácidos graxos saturados de cadeia ímpar.
Produção leiteira, composição do leite e perfil bioquímico sanguíneo de vacas lactantes sob suplementação com sal aniônico
Authors: Marques Lúcia Treptow , Fischer Vivian , Zanela Maira Balbinotti , Ribeiro Maria Edi Rocha , Stumpf Junior Waldyr , Rodrigues Caroline Moreira
Published: June 2011

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de sal aniônico na dieta sobre as características físicas e a composição química do leite, o perfil bioquímico sanguíneo, a produção de leite, o peso e a condição corporal de vacas em lactação. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas da raça Jersey distribuídas em duas dietas, uma sem adição de sal aniônico e outra com adição de 0,25 kg/dia de cloreto de amônio. O delineamento empregado foi o completamente casualizado. As vacas sob suplementação com sal aniônico apresentaram menor pH urinário e aumento das concentrações sanguíneas de ureia, cálcio e magnésio. Com a dieta aniônica, o leite precipitou com menores concentrações de etanol, apresentou menor densidade, porcentagens de lactose, proteína e imunoglobulina, porém maior teor de cálcio iônico. O fornecimento de dieta aniônica durante a lactação resultou em acidose metabólica, o que alterou o perfil bioquímico sanguíneo e as características físico-químicas do leite.
Total and partial digestibility, rates of digestion obtained with rumen evacuation and microbial protein synthesis in bovines fed fresh or ensiled sugar cane and corn silage
Authors: Menezes Gustavo Chamon de Castro , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Magalhães Felipe Antunes , Valadares Rilene Ferreira Diniz , Mariz Lays Débora , Detmann Edenio , Pereira Odilon Gomes , Leão Maria Ignez
Published: June 2011

It was evaluated intake, rumen and intestinal digestibility and passage and digestion rates in bovines fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane and given fresh, crushed sugar cane and given after 72 hours of storage, ensiled sugar cane with 1% of calcium oxide and with no treatment and a same concentrate fixed at 1% of body weight. All roughage was corrected to contain 10% of crude protein. It was used five rumen-fistulated bovine with average weight of 240 ± 15 kg, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Abomasum and total fecal collection and two rumen evacuations were carried out in the morning. Animals fed corn silage based diet presented greater rumen digestibility of the protein and intestinal digestibility of the ether extract, greater intake and passage of dry matter, justifying greater intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber corrected for protein and ash (NDFap). The greatest passage rates in animals fed fresh sugar cane based diet justify greater intakes of dry matter and NDFap in relation to the one observed with sugar cane silage supply. Animal consuming corn silage diets present greater dry matter passage rate and NDFap digestion. Diets with fresh sugar cane, stored or not, favor dry matter passage rate and intake, in relation to ensiled sugar cane. The use of calcium oxide in the ensilage does not improve nutrient digestibility neither passage rate of the diet. Sugar cane stored for 72 hours has digestible traits similar to the ones of fresh sugar cane.
Effect of propionic and lactic acids on in vitro ruminal bacteria growth
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Silva de , Queiroz Augusto César de , Mantovani Hilário Cuquetto , Melo Marcelo Rodrigues de , Detmann Edenio , Santos Edson Mauro , Bayão Geraldo Fábio Viana
Published: June 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the levels of lactic and propionic acids on in vitro fermentation of ruminal microorganisms. In experiment 1, the levels, in a total of 12 were the following: addition of 0 (control 1), 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM of lactic acid and 0 (control 2), 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM of propionic acid, respectively, in incubation flasks, which contained ruminal inoculum, glucose and synthetic culture medium, with two repetitions for each combination. In experiment 2, the combinations, in a total of 4, were the following: presence of 12 and 24 mM of propionic acid and 0 mg of glucose, respectively; presence of 12 and 24 mM of propionic acid and 40 mg of glucose, respectively, to the incubation flasks which contained ruminal inoculum, with or without glucose and in synthetic culture medium with two repetitions each. There was no effect on the specific growth velocity of ruminal microorganisms in the presence of lactic acid or propionic acid. However, when there were greater concentrations of these acids in the media, there was a longer lag phase in the microorganism phase. Acid propionic at the concentration of 24 mM inhibited the production of acid acetic and butyric acid in a media with glucose. Despite of not being used as a source of energy by the ruminal microorganisms, propionic acid affects their metabolism. Lactic and propionic acids inhibit growth of some ruminal microorganisms at elevated concentrations.
Perfil lipídico da gordura intramuscular de cortes e marcas comerciais de carne bovina
Authors: Pinho Angélica Pereira dos Santos , Barcellos Júlio Otávio Jardim , Peripolli Vanessa , Kindlein Liris , Araújo Juliana Rosa de , Alves Filho Dari Celestino
Published: June 2011

O trabalho foi realizado para caracterizar a gordura intramuscular dos cortes contrafilé, picanha e costela de seis marcas comerciais (A, B, C, D, E e F) de carne bovina comercializadas no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram coletadas em uma rede de hipermercados. As marcas A e B foram associadas a animais de raças britânicas, as marcas C e D de animais de raças européias produzidos em sistema convencional e orgânico, respectivamente, e provenientes do Uruguai e as marcas E e F de animais sem raça definida e sistema de alimentação não identificado, obtidas em um frigorífico regional e em uma rede de hipermercados, respectivamente. As amostras foram desossadas, moídas, embaladas a vácuo e armazenadas em temperatura de resfriamento até o momento das análises. Em cada amostra foram realizadas a extração dos lipídios e a identificação dos ácidos graxos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 6 × 3 e os dados analisados pelo procedimento GLM do aplicativo computacional SAS. Não houve interação significativa entre cortes e marcas para o perfil lipídico dos cortes comerciais. O percentual lipídico foi de 0,95; 3,01 e 0,97% nos cortes contrafilé, costela e picanha, respectivamente. A costela apresentou maior percentual de ácidos graxos (AG) saturados e maior estimativa da D9 desaturase a partir do C16:0 e C18:0. O maior percentual de C18:2 cis-9, trans 11, ácido linoleico conjugado, CLA, n-6 e n-3 foi encontrado na picanha. A marca F apresentou maior grau de saturação e a marca D, maior valor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, relação poliinsaturados/saturados e trans18 e menor valor de ácidos graxos saturados. Houve interação significativa entre corte e marca para o conteúdo de CLA, sendo o maior conteúdo encontrado no contrafilé da marca F. As características da gordura intramuscular da carne bovina dependem do corte e da marca comercial.
Evaporative cooling and cutaneous surface temperature of Holstein cows in tropical conditions
Authors: Silva Roberto Gomes da , Maia Alex Sandro Campos
Published: June 2011

The effects of skin temperature (T S) on the rate of heat loss by cutaneous evaporation (E S) in Holstein cows chronically exposed to sun, considering hair coat colour were studied. Sixteen purebred cows were measured for E S and T S at 01:00 p.m. after 6 hours of exposure to sun, on three body regions (flank, neck and gluteus) and considering dark and white spots separately. Sweating rate (S) and E S were measured by means of a ventilated capsule. Black skin areas presented mean S (138.9 ± 8.5 gm-2 h-1), E S (93.3 ± 5.7 Wm-2), and T S (33.1 ± 0.2°C) higher than those in the white areas (109.5 ± 9.7 gm-2h-1), 73.6 ± 6.5 Wm-2 and 32.6 ± 0.2°C, respectively). There is an exponential relationship among cutaneous temperature and cutaneous evaporation, which can be represented by the equation: E S = 31.5 + exp{(T S - 27.9)/2.19115}, with coefficient of determination r² = 0.68. Cutaneous evaporative heat loss remains almost constant around 48 Wm-2 until T S reaches nearly 31°C.
O sujeito das neurociências
Authors: Winograd Monah
Published: June 2011

Este ensaio trata da noção de subjetividade com a qual as neurociências operam, mas também aponta para o que tem sido o assunto principal e a pretensão desta disciplina no século XXI: a ideia de que o pensamento em sentido lato e a experiência subjetiva podem ser entendidos e explicados pela atividade de nossos neurônios. A versão mainstream dos estudos sobre o cérebro parte da premissa - que eles não discutem - de que o pensamento deriva do funcionamento cerebral e é basicamente determinado por ele. Se penso como penso, se sinto o que sinto, se faço o que faço, enfim, se sou como sou, é porque meu cérebro é como é. Encontro-me, assim, condensado e aprisionado neste órgão transformado em piloto de mim mesmo. Investigamos esta problemática, destacando as estatísticas sobre o consumo de psicofármacos, a história da vinculação entre cérebro e pensamento e, por fim, os programas de pesquisa em neurociências.
Neurociências e educação: uma articulação necessária na formação docente
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda Antoniolo Hammes de
Published: June 2011

O texto aborda a possibilidade de inserção dos significativos avanços da neurociência, como constituintes de saberes disciplinares, nos cursos de formação de professores. Na perspectiva adotada, esses saberes, que fundamentam um saber pedagógico, proporcionam subsídios teóricos para a ação docente, uma vez que a compreensão de como o cérebro funciona permite um melhor entendimento da aprendizagem e o consequente aprimoramento da transposição didática. Como resultado, destaca-se a necessidade de revisão das estruturas curriculares dos cursos de formação de professores, em especial das licenciaturas, indicando como alternativa a inserção de disciplinas, ou a reestruturação de disciplinas já existentes, com vistas a propiciar a interlocução entre neurociência, ensino e aprendizagem.
Cyclic stress development in substandard beam–column joint
Authors: Joyklad Panuwat , Pimanmas Amorn
Published: June 2011

This paper investigates the failure, bond, strain and stress development of steel bars in a cyclically loaded substandard reinforced concrete beam–column joint. A seismic assessment of 17 existing buildings in a low seismic zone was conducted to study correlations among column size, column depth to bar diameter ratio, bond index and column tributary area. Four half-scale specimens, representing beam–column joints in buildings with various column tributary areas, were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. The test results reveal brittle joint shear failure in specimens with small and medium column tributary areas and beam flexural failure in specimens with a large column tributary area. By unbonding longitudinal beam bars in the joint, joint shear failure can be prevented. Local pull-out bond and anchorage bond were also studied. All the specimens studied demonstrated the existence of anchorage bond, but local pull-out slip cannot be prevented in all specimens regardless of column depth to bar diameter ratio.
Form-finding of cable domes by simplified force density method
Authors: Xi Ying , Xi Zhuo , Qin Wei Hong
Published: June 2011

The principle of cable domes comes from the tensegrity concept proposed by Fuller, which pursues the idea that the isolated islands of struts exist in a sea of tensional cables. The form-finding – determination of the geometrical configuration and corresponding initial prestresses in the members – is a key step in the design of cable domes. The present paper reports on a study concerning the form-finding of cable domes. Making full use of symmetry, the simplified force density method is proposed to perform the form-finding of cable domes. The method can be used in the form-finding of cable domes including circular and rectangular Geiger type with and without a centre hoop, the Levy type, the sunflower type with and without a centre hoop and the bird's nest type. Compared with the common force density method, the calculations are simpler and quicker, and much less computer storage is required. Numerical results show that the method is simple to use, effective and reliable.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD45RO+ T Cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Cyclosporin A–Induced Rat Gingival Tissue
Authors: Alptekin Nilgün Özlem , Üstün Kemal , Yaprak Emre , Avunduk Mustafa Cihat , Ataoğlu Tamer
Published: June 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ T cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cyclosporin A (CsA)–induced rat overgrown gingival tissue during an 8‐week period.

Methods: Sixty male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g were used in this study. Mandibular first molars were ligated with 3–0 silk suture. The rats received daily doses of 0.09% NaCl (control group) or 10 mg/kg body weight of CsA (test group) by intraperitoneal injections. Five rats from the control group and 10 rats from the test group were sacrificed at each experimental period (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the beginning of CsA treatment). The specimens were examined immunohistochemically.

Results: CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ T cells, and VEGF expression were more prevalent in the CsA‐treated group than in the control group (P <0.05). VEGF was significantly correlated with CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and CD45RO+ cells (P <0.05).

Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that VEGF, a major regulator of angiogenesis, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ memory T cells play a key role in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Effect of Early Orthodontic Force on Periodontal Healing After Autotransplantation of Permanent Incisors in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Yang Yun , Bai Yuxing , Li Song , Li Jiangning , Gao Weimin , Ru Nan
Published: June 2011

Background: Masticatory stimulation during the healing period may promote periodontal ligament healing. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of orthodontic force on the periodontal healing of autotransplanted teeth.

Methods: A total of 30 teeth from four dogs were endodontically treated to prevent subsequent inflammatory root resorption. The teeth were atraumatically extracted and autotransplanted to the other side of the same jaw. A continuous 50‐g orthodontic force was applied during the first, second, and fourth weeks after autotransplantation. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed using vital perfusion fixation, and the teeth were histologically prepared and evaluated following the Andreasen method.

Results: The application of force in the first, second, and fourth weeks after autotransplantation resulted in a lower occurrence of ankylosis. The first‐ and second‐week loading groups differed significantly from the control group (P <0.05); however, significantly more resorption and less complete healing were observed in the first‐week loading group than in the other groups (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that orthodontic force promotes periodontal ligament healing and that early force loading may prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis; however, a period of rest of ≥2 weeks is recommended for the autotransplants before loading.
Evaluation of Periodontal Status and Effectiveness of Non‐Surgical Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan for a 1‐Year Period
Authors: Auyeung Ling , Wang Pei‐Wen , Lin Rue‐Tsuan , Hsieh Ching‐Jung , Lee Pei‐Yu , Zhuang Rui‐Yeh , Chang Hsueh‐Wen
Published: June 2011

Background: The periodontal status and effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are assessed.

Methods: One‐hundred patients with type 2 diabetes (mean ± SD hemoglobin (Hb)A1c level: 7.3% ± 0.94%) and periodontal disease were recruited for this study. The group with moderate‐to‐severe periodontal disease included patients with >1 tooth with a probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and >2 teeth with a clinical attachment loss (AL) ≥6mm, and the group with mild periodontal disease included patients with <1 affected tooth, and >2 affected with a clinical AL ≥6mm. Patients (28 patients in the mild group and 72 patients in the moderate‐to‐severe group) underwent non‐surgical periodontal treatments. We analyzed differences in serum concentrations of metabolic parameters (glycated hemoglobin and low‐density lipoprotein), inflammatory parameters (interleukin [IL]‐1β and C‐reactive protein [CRP]), and periodontal parameters between the two groups before treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐therapy.

Results: Seventy‐five patients with diabetes (21 patients in the mild group and 54 patients in the moderate‐to‐severe group) completed the study. Significant differences in the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PD, and clinical AL at examination times were observed in the whole cohort (P <0.05). We observed significant differences in the PI, GI, and PD in the moderate‐to‐severe group (P <0.05), whereas there was only a significant difference in PD in the mild group (P <0.05) between baseline and 12 months post‐treatment. Both groups experienced improved glycemic control, but the difference was insignificant. CRP and IL‐1β levels were significantly different at examination times for the whole cohort (P <0.05). No significant positive association among metabolic and inflammatory parameters at 12 months post‐therapy were found.

Conclusion: Non‐surgical periodontal treatment improved and maintained the periodontal health of patients with well‐controlled diabetes, but no significant reduction of metabolic parameters was observed over a 1‐year period.
Cytokine Profile in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Periodontitis Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Askar Mansour , Al‐Hezaimi Khalid
Published: June 2011

Background: Periodontitis may occur in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). It may be hypothesized that the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine profile in patients with periodontitis with poorly controlled T2D may differ from the GCF cytokine profile in medically healthy individuals with periodontitis. The aim was to review the cytokine profiles in the GCF of patients with periodontitis with and without T2D.

Methods: Databases were searched from 1988 to August 2011 using different combinations of various keywords. Titles and abstracts of articles that satisfied the eligibility criteria were screened by the authors and checked for agreement. Only articles published in English were included.

Results: Ten studies were included. Two studies reported GCF concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐6 to be higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy patients with periodontitis. Two studies showed GCF IL‐6 levels to be higher in periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy subjects without periodontitis. In one study GCF levels of IL‐17, IL‐23, and interferon‐γ were higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy patients with periodontitis. In one study, GCF concentrations of IL‐8 were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy individuals with periodontitis. Three studies reported GCF levels of IL‐1α to be significantly higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy individuals with periodontitis.

Conclusion: The GCF cytokine profile in patients with and without T2D seems to be governed by the intensity of periodontal inflammation and the role of T2D in this regard is rather secondary.
Real-Time Drilling Operations Centers: A History of Functionality and Organizational Purpose—The Second Generation
Authors: Booth J.E.. E.
Published: June 2011

Two phases in the evolution of drilling operations centers are identified on the basis of published information. The first was examined in detail in an earlier paper (Booth 2009). The second is examined here by way of a review of several operators’ strategies over time and in different areas of operation. The first generation of centers was short-lived, failing to survive the reductions in oil price and drilling activities of the late 1980s. The second generation, beginning in the early 2000s, benefited from rapid evolution of information technology in the intervening years and is part of a broader trend toward integrated operations and collaborative work processes. Common trends are identified from the case histories presented. These include a discussion of foundational capability, data and architecture standards, higher-level work processes, and organizational-change management.
Silica-Templated Synthesis of Novel Zinc-DTPMP Nanomaterials: Their Transport in Carbonate and Sandstone Media During Scale Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Ping , Kan Amy T. , Fan Chunfang , Work Sarah N. , Yu Jie , Lu Haiping , Al-Saiari Hamad A. , Tomson Mason B.
Published: June 2011

In this study, a silica-templated synthesis route was adopted for fabrication of zinc phosphonate nanomaterials to expand their use in the delivery of phosphonate inhibitors into crushed formation materials for scale control. Transition divalent metal Zn2+ was chosen because of its ability to significantly increase inhibitor retention and effectiveness. Zinc chloride was first adsorbed onto the surface of 22-nm silica particles, followed by gradual addition of diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) to form nanometer-sized particles in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized Si-Zn-DTPMP nanomaterial suspension (nanofluid) have been carefully evaluated. The nanofluid was stable at 70°C in 1% KCl at pH 6.7 for over 12 hours. The transport of the synthesized nanofluid through columns of crushed calcite and sandstone has been investigated using column breakthrough experiments and modeled with a 1D advection-dispersion equation. The nanofluid was transportable through these media, and near-total breakthrough could be obtained by preflushing the media with an anionic SDBS surfactant solution. The nanofluid was transformed from an amorphous phase into a crystalline phase during diafiltration. The crystalline-phase materials demonstrated a much longer inhibitor lifetime compared with the untreated ones. The long-term flowback performance of the crystalline nanofluid was examined with a laboratory squeeze-simulation test where the nanomaterials gradually returned phosphonate inhibitors in the flowback brine solution, and the normalized return volume was greater than the previously reported nanomaterials squeeze treatments.
Restimulation of Unconventional Reservoirs: When Are Refracs Beneficial?
Authors: Vincent Michael
Published: June 2011

Restimulation treatments have been attempted in a wide variety of reservoirs, and more than 140 papers have been published documenting the success and failure of these efforts. A database of these published examples has been compiled and analyzed to identify the mechanisms responsible for production improvement following restimulation with propped fractures (refracs). A portion of this database was recently published (Vincent 2010), and specific field examples were highlighted to demonstrate that refrac treatments can improve production by numerous mechanisms, including

Enlarged fracture geometry

Improved pay coverage through increased fracture height in vertical wells

Greater lateral coverage in horizontal wells or initiation of more transverse fractures

Increased fracture conductivity compared with initial frac

Restoration of fracture-conductivity loss caused by embedment, cyclic stress, proppant degradation, gel damage, scale, asphaltene precipitation, fines plugging, and other factors

Increased conductivity in previously unpropped or inadequately propped portions of fracture

Use of more-suitable fracturing fluids

Reorientation caused by stress-field alterations, leading to contact of "new" rock

This paper will briefly review restimulation attempts in six Canadian reservoirs of interest to the local audience, and will then present a more-detailed review of restimulation of horizontal wells in the unconventional Bakken oil formation. In addition to a summary of published results, this paper will introduce a significant amount of previously unpublished data regarding refrac treatments of horizontal laterals completed in the Middle Bakken. This study will identify several additional concerns and opportunities with restimulating horizontal wellbores that were not previously identified in literature reviews. This organized summary of field results and references will provide significant value to readers evaluating or designing restimulation treatments.
An Overview of Horizontal-Well Completions in the Haynesville Shale
Authors: Thompson John , Fan Li , Grant Dee , Martin Ron B. , Kanneganti Kousic T. , Lindsay Garrett J.
Published: June 2011

A steep learning curve has evolved in drilling and completing horizontal wells in the Haynesville shale. The challenge is to understand the production mechanism of the Haynesville and how completion practices in relation to lateral lengths, stages, and stimulation treatments relate with production.

This paper gives an overview of the Haynesville horizontal-well production and the dominant factors that affect production, along with a detailed analysis of the completions. Dominant factors that affect production in the Haynesville shale can be divided into four categories: geology/petrophysics/geomechanics, landing and placement of the lateral, completions, and production control. Integrating all four categories is critical to characterize well performance and optimize future production; however, this paper focusses primarily on the completions.

Self-organizing maps (SOMs) of 49 wells in the strait region of the Haynesville shale reveal that high-producing wells have been treated primarily with slickwater, high fluid and proppant volumes, moderate amounts of 100-US-mesh sand, and moderate pump rates per perforation. These wells are typically located in cluster spacing of approximately 75 ft and have stage lengths of approximately 300 ft. Most show lower post-fracture instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) than lower-producing wells. These observations and characteristics of high-producing wells along with best completion practices can help design optimal completions and stimulation treatments in the Haynesville.
Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Contact Angle and Interfacial Tension of Quartz/Water/Bitumen Systems
Authors: Rajayi Maryam , Kantzas Apostolos
Published: June 2011

Thermal-recovery methods (e.g., steam injection) are commonly used to recover bitumen from oil sands. The injected steam contacts the oil sand and forms an interface. The steam changes to water, transferring its heat to bitumen across this interface. The heated bitumen will have a lower viscosity, which allows for oil to be mobilized and recovered from the reservoir.

Studies that explain hot-water/bitumen interfaces are crucial for understanding thermal-recovery methods. The strength and energy of hot-water/bitumen interfaces are expected to play important roles in the recovery of bitumen from oil sands. However, measurements on hot-water/bitumen interfaces are scarce in the literature. A relevant measurement would be the contact angle and interfacial tension (IFT) of the water/bitumen interfaces at different temperatures. In this paper, it has been attempted to reveal and present the results of several water/bitumen contact-angle and IFT measurements. The measurements cover a temperature range from ambient to 100°C for a given pressure.

The experiments are run in X-ray transparent cells, and images are taken using a microcomputed-tomography (microCT) scanner. The results of contact angle and the IFTs of the hot-water/bitumen interface are produced by using the axisymmetric drop shape-analysis (ADSA) method.
Reservoir Management in the Means San Andres Unit
Authors: Stiles L.H. , Magruder J.B.
Published: June 2011

The Means field provides an opportunity to observe the evolution ofreservoir management to meet ever-changing economic and technical challenges asthe field has been produced by primary, secondary, and tertiary methods. Reservoir management at Means has consisted of an ongoing but changingsurveillance program supplemented with periodic major reservoir studies toevaluate and make changes to the depletion plan. Current operations are anintegrated program of CO2 injection, infill drilling, and waterflooding. Todate, the tertiary project has performed above expectations. project hasperformed above expectations.

Introduction

The Means field in Andrews County, TX was discovered in 1934 and developedon 40-acre spacing. Reservoir management techniques began within 1 year ofdiscovery and have become increasingly complex as operations have changed fromprimary to secondary to tertiary. In 1963, a major portion of the field wasunitized as the portion of the field was unitized as the Means (San Andres)Unit (MSAU). Several papers described specific programs for papers describedspecific programs for the field. This paper describes the evolution ofreservoir management at Means. This paper concentrates on the reservoirdescription, infill drilling with pattern modification, and reservoir surveyportions of reservoir management. Reservoir portions of reservoir management. Reservoir description methods have evolved from the relatively simpletechniques used in the 1930's to the recent use of high-resolution seismic toimprove pay correlation between wells. The importance of reservoir continuityin determining well spacing and injection patterns is discussed for bothsecondary and patterns is discussed for both secondary and tertiary operations. Although surveillance has always been an integral part of reservoir managementin the Means field, a much more detailed plan was developed for surveillance ofthe CO2 tertiary project.

Field Discovery and Development

The Means (San Andres) field is located about 50 miles northwest of Midland, along the eastern edge of the Central Basin platform (Fig. 1), and lies in atrend of San platform (Fig. 1), and lies in a trend of San Andres productionthat extends for more than 100 miles in a northwest-southeast direction. Thefield was discovered in 1934 and by the early 1950's was developed on 40-acrespacing with approximately 300 wells in the MSAU area.
Fault Discrimination Using Synchronized Sequence Measurements under Strong White Gaussian Noise Background
Authors: Zhang Yagang , Wang Zengping , Zhang Jinfang
Published: June 2011

In this paper on strong white Gaussian noise background based on discriminant analysis theory, we mainly adopt synchronized sequence measurements of PMU to search for laws of electrical quantities marked changes. We have developed a method to quickly and accurately discriminate fault components and fault sections. The research has shown that the fault discrimination by discriminant analysis theory is effective and reliable. Under the interference of strong random white Gaussian noise, discriminant analysis still has high redundancy.
Degradation kinetics of six sulfonamides in hen eggs under simulated cooking temperatures
Authors: Zhao Xin-Huai , Wu Peng , Zhang Ying-Hua
Published: June 2011

Six sulfonamides, i.e., sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine,
sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamonomethoxine, were applied to
spike whole hen eggs at 0.1 mg kg- 1 eggs. The spiked hen eggs were heated
at 80 and 100 ?C to investigate the degradation kinetics of the sulfonamides
under simulated cooking conditions. The sulfonamides added were extracted
twice from the spiked eggs with dichloromethane by an ultrasonic-assistant
extraction, and analyzed by a HPLC method after purification. The
first-order rate constants and half-life times of the sulfonamides were
calculated, and the corresponding apparent activation energy of their
degradation was also obtained by application of the Arrhenius equation. The
results indicated that all six sulfonamides degraded faster at the higher
heating temperature, with first-order rate constants ranging from 0.0056 to
0.0108 min-1 at 80 ?C and from 0.0147 to 0.0394 min-1 at 100 ?C. The
apparent activation energies for the degradation of the sulfonamides were
estimated to be in the range 30.9 to 77.5 kJ mol-1. Sulfadiazine and
sulfadimethoxine had the shortest and longest half-life time, respectively,
and were the most instable and stable.
Thiazolidin-4-one, azetidin-2-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of isonicotinic acid hydrazide: Synthesis and their biological evaluation
Authors: Gilani Sadaf , Khan Suroor , Alam Ozair , Singh Vijender , Arora Alka
Published: June 2011

A series of thiazolidin-4-one (2a-h, 3a-h), azetidin-2-one (4a- h) and
1,3,4-oxadiazole (5a-h) derivatives of isoninicotinic acid hydrazide (INH)
were synthesized in order to obtain new compounds with potential
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation activities.
The structures of the new compounds were supported by their IR, 1H-NMR and
mass spectral data. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory
activity by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test method. Eleven of the
new compounds, out of 32, showed very good anti-inflammatory activity in the
carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test, with significant analgesic activity
in the tail immersion method together with negligible ulcerogenic action.
The compounds, which showed less ulcerogenic action, also showed reduced
malondialdehyde content (MDA), which is one of the by-products of lipid
peroxidation. The study showed that the compounds inhibited the induction of
gastric mucosal lesions and it can be suggested from the results that their
protective effects may be related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the
gastric mucosa.
Undifferentiated Gonadal Tissue, Y Chromosome Instability, and Tumors in XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Bergeron Mélanie Beaulieu , Lemieux Nicole , Brochu Pierre
Published: June 2011

Patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis are at increased risk of developing gonadal tumors. The etiology of several cases of XY gonadal dysgenesis remains unknown, but X/XY gonadal mosaicism has been hypothesized to play a role. At the histologic level, the presence of persistent primitive sex cords containing immature germ cells in dysgenetic gonads (an entity called undifferentiated gonadal tissue, or UGT) was recently described, and these immature germ cells are thought to be at risk of neoplastic transformation. To further investigate both these aspects, we retrospectively studied the gonads from 30 patients with pure (22) and mixed (8) gonadal dysgenesis. Cytogenetic analyses performed on 35 gonads revealed that structurally abnormal Y chromosomes were lost in a majority of cells from the gonads, explaining the gonadal dysgenesis of patients bearing a rearranged Y chromosome. On the other hand, normal Y chromosomes were less often lost in gonads of patients with gonadal dysgenesis. At the histologic level, 43 of the 51 gonads presented areas characteristic of a streak; 13 of these streak gonads also presented areas of UGT. Structures resembling sex cords but without germ cells were found in many of the streaks not containing UGT, suggesting that UGT was initially present. Of the 13 gonads containing both UGT and a streak, 9 developed a tumor. The proximity of UGT with the tumors as well as the immunostaining patterns (PLAP+, OCT3/4+, and CD117/KIT+) suggests that germ cells found in UGT are a risk factor for gonadal tumors.
Beta Regression Finite Mixture Models of Polarization and Priming
Authors: Smithson Michael , Merkle Edgar C. , Verkuilen Jay
Published: June 2011

This paper describes the application of finite-mixture general linear models based on the beta distribution to modeling response styles, polarization, anchoring, and priming effects in probability judgments. These models, in turn, enhance our capacity for explicitly testing models and theories regarding the aforementioned phenomena. The mixture model approach is superior in this regard to popular methods such as extremity scores, due to its incorporation of three submodels (location, dispersion, and relative composition), each of which can diagnose specific kinds of polarization and related effects. Three examples are elucidated using real data sets.
Editorial Vol.1(1)
Authors: Muazzam MG
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i1.7845 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(1) 1994 pp.4
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A New Era in the Field of Surgery in Bangladesh
Authors: Nayeem SA , Rahman M , Rasul G , Khan AK , Muazzam FA , Hashimoto D
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i1.7846 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(1) 1994 pp.5-11
Autopsy Findings of 15,823 Natural Deaths in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Muazzam MG , Tette Y , Gyasi R
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i1.7847 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(1) 1994 pp.12-21
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in Children
Authors: Hannan A , Shahjahan G , Islam MN
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i1.7848 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(1) 1994 pp.22-27
Congenital Anomaly: Closed Prepuce
Authors: Muazzam MG
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i1.7852 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(1) 1994 pp.39
Revision of Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. Sect. Rhaphiophallus (Schott) Engl. (Araceae) in India
Authors: Jaleel V. Abdul , Sivadasan M. , Alfarhan Ahmed H. , Thomas Jacob , Alatar A. A.
Published: June 2011

The genus Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae), with more than 200 species, is one of the most taxonomically difficult genera of the family, and in fact is one of the moderately understood of all Asian aroid genera. The 11 sections recognised by Engler have been currently reduced to 10, and out of the 10 sections three, viz. Candarum Engl., Conophallus (Schott) Engl. and Rhaphiophallus (Schott) Engl. are represented in India. Rhaphiophallus as recognized now including sect. Synantherias comprises eight species: Amorphophallus bonaccordensis Sivad. & N. Mohanan, A. hohenackeri (Schott) Engl. & Gehrm., A. konkanensis Hett., S. R.Yadav & K. S. Patil, A. longiconnectivus Bogner, A. margaritifer (Roxb.) Kunth, A. mysorensis E. Barnes & C. E. C. Fisch., A. smithsonianus Sivad., and A. sylvaticus (Roxb.) Kunth. Herein A. bhandarensis S. R.Yadav, Kahalkar & Bhuskute is recognized at the new rank of variety, as A. mysorensis var. bhandarensis (S. R. Yadav, Kahalkar & Bhuskute ) Sivad. & Jaleel. The name Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb.) Kunth is lectotypified here. All except A. sylvaticus (also occurring in Sri Lanka) are endemic to India.Keywords: Araceae; Amorphophallus; Rhaphiophallus; India; Endemics.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7835Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 1-26, 2011 (June)
Nomenclatural notes on Myristica yunnanensis and Cyclobalanopsis yonganensis
Authors: Peng Xiao-Ming , He Zheng , Yu Wen-Bin
Published: June 2011

Not availableKeywords: Myristica yunnanensis; Myristicaceae; Cyclobalanopsis yonganensis; Fagaceae; Publication date; Nomenclature.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7840Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 65-67, 2011 (June)
Special Issue: Gene Conversion in Duplicated Genes
Authors: Innan Hideki
Published: June 2011

Gene conversion is an outcome of recombination, causing non-reciprocal transfer of a DNA fragment. Several decades later than the discovery of crossing over, gene conversion was first recognized in fungi when non-Mendelian allelic distortion was observed. Gene conversion occurs when a double-strand break is repaired by using homologous sequences in the genome. In meiosis, there is a strong preference to use the orthologous region (allelic gene conversion), which causes non-Mendelian allelic distortion, but paralogous or duplicated regions can also be used for the repair (inter-locus gene conversion, also referred to as non-allelic and ectopic gene conversion). The focus of this special issue is the latter, interlocus gene conversion; the rate is lower than allelic gene conversion but it has more impact on phenotype because more drastic changes in DNA sequence are involved. [...]