bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of gentian violet in aqueous solution by activated carbon equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic study
Authors: Abbas Moussa , Harrache Zahia , Trari Mohamed
Published: August 2019

The quantitative kinetic and equilibrium adsorption parameters for chlorure de méthylrosaniline (gentian violet, crystal violet) removed by commercial activated carbon were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy.Activated carbon with a high specific surface area 1250 m2/g was characterized by the Brunauer, Emmett et Teller (BET) method and the zero charge point pH (pzc). The adsorption properties of both activated carbon with gentian violet were conducted at variable stirring speed 100–700 trs/min, adsorbent dose 1–8 g/l, solution pH 1–14, initial gentian violet concentration 5–15 mg/l, contact time 0–50 min, and temperature 299–323 K using batch mode operation to find the optimal conditions for a maximum adsorption. The adsorption mechanism of gentian violet was studied using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.999. The Weber–Morris diffusion model was applied for the adsorption mechanism. The equilibrium adsorption data of gentian violet were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, and Temkin models. The results indicate that the Langmuir model provides the best correlation ( qmax = 22.727, 32.258 mg/g at 26 and 40°C, respectively). The adsorption isotherms at different temperatures have been used for the determination of thermodynamic parameters, i.e. free energy (Δ G° = − 2.30 to −5.34 kJ/mol), enthalpy (Δ H° = 36.966 kJ/mol), entropy (Δ S° = 0.131 kJ/mol K), and activation energy ( Ea) 40.208 kJ/mol of gentian violet adsorption. The negative Δ G° and positive Δ H° indicate that the overall adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
Goŋ Gurtha: Enacting response-abilities as situated co-becoming
Authors: Country Bawaka , Suchet-Pearson Sandie , Wright Sarah , Lloyd Kate , Tofa Matalena , Sweeney Jill , Burarrwanga Laklak , Ganambarr Ritjilili , Ganambarr-Stubbs Merrkiyawuy , Ganambarr Banbapuy , Maymuru Djawundil
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we engage with the Goŋ Gurtha songspiral, shared on/by/with/as Bawaka Country in Yolŋu Northeast Arnhem Land, Australia, to provide a basis for re-thinking responsibility in the context of ongoing Eurocentric colonising processes. Goŋ Gurtha encourages us to consider two key aspects of responsibility – response and ability. We argue that Yolŋu relational ontologies conceive response-abilities as requiring an ability to pay close and careful attention as part of more-than-human worlds, and an imperative to respond as part of these worlds. As such, rather than being responsible to or for others, we seek to respond as, emphasising our emergent co-becoming in more-than-human, situated, ethical ways. Goŋ Gurtha guides the paper through four aspects of these response-abilities: response-abilities as songspirals; response-abilities as continuity; response-abilities as academics and response-abilities beyond Bawaka. In doing so, we understand response-abilities as more-than-human co-becomings enacted in contingent ways that none-the-less need to be grounded in deep obligations of more-than-human kinship.
Interparental conflict and Chinese emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality: Indirect pathways through attachment to parents and interpersonal security
Authors: Li Danli , Li Dongping , Yang Kairong
Published: August 2019

It has been documented that destructive interparental conflict (IPC) is risky for emerging adults’ romantic experience. Despite this, the mechanism through which such a conflicting relationship between the parents can be transmitted to offspring during emerging adulthood has not been thoroughly addressed. This study focused on the mediating roles of emerging adults’ attachment to parents and interpersonal security to examine whether they jointly mediate the relationship between destructive IPC and emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality. A total of 202 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students aged 18–26 (65.4% females) participated in an online survey, all of whom were in romantic relationships. With structural equation modeling, results revealed two indirect pathways linking destructive IPC and adults’ romantic relationship quality: first, destructive IPC was indirectly associated with emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality through the mediating role of attachment to parents in early adulthood; second, destructive IPC was indirectly linked with emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality through the sequential mediating roles of emerging adults’ attachment to parents and interpersonal security. The findings of the study elucidated a potential process that IPC is likely to shape emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality through both adults’ attachment to parents and adults’ preconception about interpersonal security, thus offering avenues for facilitating the quality of emerging adults’ romantic relationship.
Health continuity over mid-later years in enduring marriages: Economic pressure as couple- and individual-level mediator
Authors: Lee Tae Kyoung , Wickrama Kandauda A. S. , O’Neal Catherine Walker
Published: August 2019

Health problems in midlife have been shown to continue into later adulthood. This continuity may be attributed to social selection and social causation, with longitudinal sequential associations between health problems and economic pressure (EP) over the life course creating mediational effects (health → EP → health). Moreover, in enduring marriages, this potential mediation may operate as a dyadic process over time. Yet this mediational process involving health problems and economic pressure has not been adequately investigated in couple contexts. Using a sample of 257 husbands and wives in enduring marriages, we investigated multilevel mediation processes between health problems and EP from midlife to later adulthood. The results indicate unique couple- and individual-level (only for husbands) mediation processes of health problems in the couple context, emphasizing the value of considering both couple- and individual-level health processes when developing health interventions.
Building Health Communities: Local Health Care Networks in Maryland
Authors: Wachhaus Aaron
Published: August 2019

Combatting chronic disease (prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, heart health, and stroke) requires action at the local level, both to educate the public and to provide health services. Effective collaboration among local organizations devoted to educating the public about, and treating patients of, these diseases is a key component of successful health care. To better understand local efforts, a social network analysis of five local health care networks spanning eight counties in Maryland was conducted. The purpose of this exploratory research was to discover whether collaborative networks exist at the local level, to map the networks, and to assess their strengths and needs.
Cut & recombine: reuse of robot action components based on simple language instructions
Authors: Tamosiunaite Minija , Aein Mohamad Javad , Braun Jan Matthias , Kulvicius Tomas , Markievicz Irena , Kapociute-Dzikiene Jurgita , Valteryte Rita , Haidu Andrei , Chrysostomou Dimitrios , Ridge Barry , Krilavicius Tomas , Vitkute-Adzgauskiene Daiva , Beetz Michael , Madsen Ole , Ude Ales , Krüger Norbert , Wörgötter Florentin
Published: August 2019

Human beings can generalize from one action to similar ones. Robots cannot do this and progress concerning information transfer between robotic actions is slow. We have designed a system that performs action generalization for manipulation actions in different scenarios. It relies on an action representation for which we perform code-snippet replacement, combining information from different actions to form new ones. The system interprets human instructions via a parser using simplified language. It uses action and object names to index action data tables (ADTs), where execution-relevant information is stored. We have created an ADT database from three different sources (KUKA LWR, UR5, and simulation) and show how a new ADT is generated by cutting and recombining data from existing ADTs. To achieve this, a small set of action templates is used. After parsing a new instruction, index-based searching finds similar ADTs in the database. Then the action template of the new action is matched against the information in the similar ADTs. Code snippets are extracted and ranked according to matching quality. The new ADT is created by concatenating code snippets from best matches. For execution, only coordinate transforms are needed to account for the poses of the objects in the new scene. The system was evaluated, without additional error correction, using 45 unknown objects in 81 new action executions, with 80% success. We then extended the method including more detailed shape information, which further reduced errors. This demonstrates that cut & recombine is a viable approach for action generalization in service robotic applications.
Anatomical analysis of periapical bone of maxillary posterior teeth: a cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Lei Lizhen , Cui Minyi , Huang Zhuwei , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To investigate the periapical bone thicknesses of maxillary posterior teeth at the preferred level for root resection (3 mm apical to the root end) and to determine vertical distances from apex to maxillary sinus floor (MSF) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Methods

CBCT scans were collected from 341 subjects (2389 teeth). Associations of bone thicknesses and vertical distances with age and sex were determined by one-way analysis of variance.

Results

At the level of root-end resection, buccal bone was the thickest over the mesiobuccal roots of second molars (mean, 2.99 mm) and thinnest over the double-root first premolars (mean, 0.29 mm). In maxillary posterior teeth, thicker buccal bone was found in men than in women. The mesiobuccal roots of second molars were nearest to the MSF (mean, 1.33 mm), and were also most frequently extended into the sinus cavity (15.81%). Subjects more than 40 years of age had larger vertical distances from root apices to MSF in the molar region, compared with younger subjects.

Conclusions

Generally, periapical bone was thicker in men, and root apices were located nearer to the MSF in younger subjects. Age and sex should be considered before endodontic microsurgery.
Factors Predicting the Outcome After Arthroscopically Assisted Stabilization of Acute High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations
Authors: Maziak Nina , Audige Laurent , Hann Carmen , Minkus Marvin , Scheibel Markus
Published: August 2019

Background:

Factors influencing the outcome after arthroscopically assisted stabilization of acute high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations remain poorly investigated.

Purpose:

To identify determinants of the radiological outcome and investigate associations between radiological and clinical outcome parameters.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent arthroscopically assisted stabilization for acute high-grade AC joint dislocations. The following potential determinants of the radiological outcome were examined using univariable and multivariable regression analyses: timing of surgery, initial AC joint reduction, isolated coracoclavicular (CC) versus combined CC and AC stabilization, ossification of the CC ligaments, age, and overweight status. In addition, associations between radiological (ie, CC difference, dynamic posterior translation [DPT]) and clinical outcome parameters (Subjective Shoulder Value, Taft score [TS] subjective subcategory, and Acromioclavicular Joint Instability Score [ACJI] pain subitem) were evaluated using univariable analysis.

Results:

One hundred four patients with a mean (±SD) age of 38.1 ± 11.5 years were included in this study. The mean postoperative follow-up was 2.2 ± 0.9 years. Compared with patients with an overreduced AC joint after surgery, the CC difference was 4.3 mm (95% CI, 1.3-7.3; P = .006) higher in patients with incomplete reduction. Patients with anatomic reduction were 3.1 times (95% CI, 1.2-7.9; P = .017) more likely to develop DPT than those with an overreduced AC joint. An incompletely reduced AC joint was 5.3 times (95% CI, 2.1-13.4; P < .001) more likely to develop DPT versus an overreduced AC joint. Patients who underwent isolated CC stabilization were 4.8 times (95% CI, 1.1-21.0; P = .039) more likely to develop complete DPT than patients with additional AC stabilization. Significantly higher CC difference values were noted for patients who reported pain on the subjective TS ( P = .025). Pain was encountered more commonly in patients with DPT ( PTS = .049; PACJI = .038).

Conclusion:

Clinicians should consider overreduction of the AC joint because it may lead to favorable radiological results. Because of its association with superior radiographic outcomes, consideration should also be given to the use of additional AC cerclage.
Gender Differences in the Victim–Offender Relationship for On- and Offline Youth Violence
Authors: Semenza Daniel C.
Published: August 2019

Youth violence affects millions of young people in the United States every day, and violent victimization has significant consequences for mental and physical health, academic performance, and long-term well-being. Forms of youth violence such bullying and teen dating violence (TDV) are often studied separately from one another with disjointed attention paid to on- and offline aggression. Furthermore, gender differences in the victim/offender overlap for these diverse forms of aggression have been understudied. This is notable given research demonstrating that boys and girls engage in diverse forms of aggression as a result of different gendered socialization processes. This study uses a sample of 5,647 middle and high school students in three states to assess gender differences in the victim–offender relationship across on- and offline modalities of bullying and TDV. Descriptive results show significant gender differences for bullying and dating violence victimization and perpetration experiences. Multivariate regression models indicate that the victim–offender relationship varies by the type of aggression and modality in question. Furthermore, gender significantly interacts with certain forms of dating violence and bullying victimization to influence the risk of perpetration. The results underscore the importance of youth violence prevention strategies that account for gender differences across the spectrum of on- and offline peer relationships.
Risk and Protective Factors Among Palestinian Women Living in a Context of Prolonged Armed Conflict and Political Oppression
Authors: Veronese Guido , Cavazzoni Federica , Russo Sabrina , Sousa Cindy
Published: August 2019

Research has widely documented the effects of war and political violence on the functioning and well-being of adults and children. Yet, within this literature, women’s agency in the face of war-related adversity and political violence remains underexplored. The present study was conducted in the Gaza Strip in the aftermath of the most recent war on Gaza in 2014, with the aim of investigating the consequences of war and political violence for women’s mental health and psychological functioning. Based on interviews with 21 Palestinian women exposed to extreme war-related traumatic events, the article offers an analysis of the risk and protective factors affecting their well-being and enhancing (or diminishing) their agency. Human Security, Family Ties, Psychosocial Resources, Individual Resources, and Motherhood emerged from the women’s narratives as key factors contributing to the maintenance of positive psychological functioning and the ability to adjust to traumatic war events in the aftermath of acute armed conflict. These exploratory findings suggest that Palestinian women display a high level of functioning and resources for adjustment that is preserved after periods of devastating armed conflict. The study draws attention to a set of protective factors for the well-being of women and their families when living with chronic political violence.
Examining Depression Among Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Homicide
Authors: Cheng Polly , Jaffe Peter
Published: August 2019

Male depression has been recognized as an important factor in some cases of intimate partner violence but there is a paucity of literature connecting depression and intimate partner homicide (IPH). This retrospective study provides a preliminary analysis that distinguished depressed from nondepressed perpetrators of IPH from a sample of 135 cases analyzed by a coroner’s homicide death review committee in Ontario, Canada. Depressed perpetrators were more likely to commit homicide-suicide and had almost 1.5 times the number of risk factors present than nondepressed perpetrators. Consistent with the existing literature, the results indicated that depressed perpetrators were significantly older, more likely to commit homicide-suicide than homicide only, more likely to have prior threats or attempts of suicide, more likely to have been abused or witnessed domestic violence as a child than nondepressed perpetrators and more likely to exhibit sexual jealousy. The implications for these findings are outlined in terms of training of mental health professionals and public awareness about the potential lethality of domestic violence.
Careerography: Application of Psychobiography to Career Development
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G. , Park-Taylor Jennie
Published: August 2019

The present article introduces the topic and research area of careerography, an adaptation of psychobiography to the field of career psychology. A brief historical overview of psychobiography is provided, and the reciprocal value of linking psychobiographical research methods to theory development in career psychology is emphasized. Best practices in psychobiography are highlighted, and a six-step sequential guide to conducting careerography is presented inclusive of (1) selecting one’s historical subject, (2) ethical considerations and bracketing bias, (3) identifying initial research questions, (4) choosing anchoring career theories, (5) engaging the iterative research process, and (6) writing the careerography report.
Careerography: Introducing a New Tool for Research, Theory Development, Practice, and Training in Career Psychology
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph G. , Park-Taylor Jennie
Published: August 2019

This article introduces the special section on careerography, which is positioned as a valuable tool for research, theory development, training, and practice in career psychology. Anchored in the long-established field and methodology of psychobiography, careerography profiles the lives of historically significant individuals throughout history through the lens of established theories of career development. A brief overview of psychobiography is presented and the three articles comprising this special section are outlined.
Use of an On-Site Outpatient Pharmacy for Acquisition of Antiretroviral Medications Compared to Off-Site Pharmacy Options: Impact on Retention in Care and Clinical Outcomes in People Living With HIV
Authors: Lauer Brian R. , Duggan Joan M. , Eitniear Lindsey , Jung Rose , Sahloff Eric G.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Few published studies have examined the relationship between pharmacy location and retention in care or clinical outcome in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Objective:

The study purpose was to determine whether using an on-site/in-clinic pharmacy to obtain antiretroviral therapy increased retention in care and virologic suppression rates.

Methods:

PLWH attending a Ryan White outpatient clinic in an academic center were matched based on age and insurance. Rates of retention in care ( ≥2 medical visits/calendar year) were assessed between patients using a pharmacy on-site in the clinic versus patients use off-site pharmacy options. Virologic suppression [viral load(VL)<200 copies/mL], completing ≥2 VL, and CD4 count were compared between pharmacy types.

Results:

137 on-site pharmacy patients and 274 off-site pharmacy patients met inclusion and matching criteria. 91.2% of on-site pharmacy users attended ≥2 clinic visits compared to 83.2% of off-site pharmacy users ( P = .0275) and were approximately twice as likely to complete ≥2 clinic visits (odds ratio: 2.032; 1.071-3.857). A similar proportion of the on-site pharmacy group achieved virologic suppression compared to the off-site pharmacy group (92.7% vs 89.1%; P = .239, respectively).

Conclusions:

On-site pharmacies may provide an opportunity to positively impact retention in care and clinical outcomes for PLWH.
Concurrent design and process tolerances determination in consideration of geometrical tolerances
Authors: Peng Heping , Peng Zhuoqun
Published: August 2019

Concurrent design and process tolerances determination may ensure the manufacturability of products, improve the design efficiency, lower the overall production cost, reduce the quantity of unqualified products, and shorten product development cycle. Yet most of the current concurrent tolerancing models focus on the concurrent design of dimensional tolerances without taking into consideration geometrical tolerances. The objective of this study is to extend the concurrent tolerancing model to consider geometrical tolerance requirements. Firstly, the geometrical tolerances are either converted into equivalent dimensional tolerances or only treated as additional machining constraints based on their respective characteristics. Then, a concurrent tolerancing model is established based on ensuring the fulfillment of the product's functional requirements, taking the combination of expected quality loss and manufacturing cost as target function, and taking the functional constraints, geometrical tolerance constraints and process bound constraints as the constraint conditions. After having established the concurrent tolerancing model, the nonlinear programming technique is employed to solve this model to gain the optimal design and process tolerances. Finally, an example of wheel assembly is given to illustrate the validity of the suggested method.
A new data analytics framework emphasising preprocessing of data to generate insights into complex manufacturing systems
Authors: Carbery Caoimhe M , Woods Roger , Marshall Adele H
Published: August 2019

Recent emphasis has been placed on improving the processes in manufacturing by employing early detection or fault prediction within production lines. Whilst companies are increasingly including sensors to record observations and measurements, this brings challenges in interpretation as standard approaches do not highlight the presence of unknown relationships. To address this, we have proposed a new data analytics framework for predicting faults in a large-scale manufacturing system and validated it using both a publicly available Bosch manufacturing dataset with a focus on preprocessing of the data and the open-source SECOM industrial dataset. This paper is an extension to the work presented at International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Internet of Things. The additional material includes a detailed focus on feature selection and the various approaches for identifying important features in the data, an updated framework methodology and description, an extension of XGBoost to allow this model to be used for prediction/classification and a comparison for classification with a Random Forest, tree-based model. The framework was used to explore two public manufacturing datasets and successfully identified the most influential features related to product failure in each production line data.
Influence of thermal aging on mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates hybridized with nanoclay
Authors: Najafi Moslem , Ansari Reza , Darvizeh Abolfazl
Published: August 2019

One of the main problems of polymer matrix composites in critical applications is their high sensitivity to thermal conditions. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to evaluate the thermal durability of traditional plain weave E-glass/epoxy as well as fiber metal laminates as a possible alternative in this case. In this way, both the laminate types were exposed to thermal aging at 130 ℃ for five weeks, and the plausible degradation is investigated through weight loss analyzes and mechanical testing. The possibility of improving the mechanical behavior of the studied laminates by nanoclay was also studied. The results demonstrated that the weight loss and mechanical degradation were more pronounced in thermally aged plain weave E-glass/epoxy composites. The results also indicated that nanoclay could enhance the mechanical properties of both laminates. On the basis of the results, the shielding role of aluminum layers and thermal resistance of nanoclay can synergistically offer a novel class of nano-fiber metal laminates with high thermal tolerance in thermo-oxidative conditions.
A simple calculation method for estimating the flow velocity on the roof of a train running through a tunnel using an unsteady incompressible flow model
Authors: Kikuchi Katsuhiro , Ozawa Satoru , Noguchi Yuhei , Mashimo Shinya , Igawa Takanobu
Published: August 2019

Predicting the aerodynamic phenomena in a train-tunnel system is important for increasing the speed of railway trains. Among these phenomena, many studies have focused on the effects of pressure; however, only a few studies have examined the effects of flow velocity. When designing train roof equipment such as a pantograph and an aerodynamic braking unit, it is necessary to estimate the flow velocity while considering the influence of the boundary layer developed on the train roof. Until now, numerical simulations using a one-dimensional model have been utilized to predict the flow velocity around a train traveling through a tunnel; however, the influence of the boundary layer cannot be taken into consideration in these simulations. For this purpose, the authors have previously proposed a simple calculation method based on a steady incompressible tunnel flow model that can take into account the influence of the boundary layer, but this method could not incorporate the unsteadiness of the flow velocity. Therefore, in this study, the authors extend the previous simple calculation method such that it can be used for an unsteady incompressible tunnel flow. The authors compare the calculation results obtained from the extended method with the results of a model experiment and a field test to confirm its effectiveness.
Empirical study on influencing factors of biogas technology adoption in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Amir Syed M , Liu Yonggong , Shah Ashfaq A , Khayyam Umer , Mahmood Zafar
Published: August 2019

Climate change caused by global warming, and the growing scarcity of nonrenewable energy sources, have driven Pakistan to shift from a traditional energy consumption pattern to a renewable-energy-use pattern. The per capita energy consumption in rural Pakistan is very low, especially in rural areas heavily relying on traditional energy sources. This paper presents the extent of biogas technology adoption by Pakistani rural households and the factors affecting their decision to adopt the technology in three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The data were collected by interviewing 480 respondents by using a pretested and designed questionnaire. The results show that the household adoption rate of biogas technologies is low. The factors affecting the adoption decision of households included household income, access to credit, cultivated land area, the number of cattle in the household, education, and family size. The study also found fundamental barriers to the household adoption of biogas technologies, such as a lack of proper technical services by implementing organizations and insufficient governmental support. The authors make recommendations based on the findings to increase the adoption rate of biogas technologies in rural Pakistan.
The conditionality of EU freedom of movement: Normative change in the discourse of EU institutions
Authors: Roos Christof , Westerveen Laura
Published: August 2019

Freedom of movement (FOM) in the European Union (EU) has become a highly salient issue in political and public debates. Most of the literature on FOM is heavily focused on the judiciary interpretation of this EU right, or on conflicting attitudes towards FOM within the national arena. However, the EU and its institutions as political actors that define and shape the content and meaning of FOM are largely absent from this literature. If mentioned, EU actors are often depicted as ideological and orthodox defenders of FOM. We argue that this perspective is empirically inaccurate, which leads to skewed theoretical assumptions. It not only overlooks an EU-level discourse on FOM that has changed significantly in recent years but also fails to acknowledge that even fundamental rights and key pillars of EU integration can be subject to discursive change at the EU level. A frame analysis of documents from the European Commission, the European Council, the Council of the EU and the European Parliament from 2004 to 2016 forms the basis of our argument. During this period, restrictionist arguments have increasingly entered EU actors’ discourse on FOM. Viewed almost as an absolute right of EU citizens during the 2000s, FOM during the 2010s has been framed in terms of the conditions underlying the exercise of this right. We conclude that EU actors are engaged in a political debate over what FOM means and that their discourse has shifted to support an increased conditionality of FOM.
Effects of quercetin and rosuvastatin each alone or in combination on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in female albino mice
Authors: Elkady MA , Shalaby S , Fathi F , El-Mandouh S
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cyclophosphamide (CP) causes premature ovarian failure (POF) due to ovarian toxicity. The toxicity mechanism is attributed to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. We assessed whether quercetin and rosuvastatin could promote ovarian protection against CP ovotoxicity.

Methods:

A total of 80 female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned; 10 mice into each of eight groups. Group 1 (control), group 2 (EH), group 3 (CP), group 4 (QH), group 5 (QL), group 6 (RH), group 7 (RL), and group 8 (COM).

Results:

Quercetin and rosuvastatin groups (4:8) showed signs of restored ovarian function in the form of a significant, dose-dependent increase in primordial follicles number, serum anti-Mullerian hormone level, and ovarian tissue glutathione level ( p < 0.05) versus group 3, and a significant, dose-dependent decrease in atretic follicles number and ovarian tissue level of malondialdehyde ( p < 0.05) versus group 3. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a lower expression of caspase and nuclear factor-kappa B of groups (4:8) versus group 3, although quercetin and rosuvastatin showed a nonsignificant reduction in tumor volume.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated the protective effect of quercetin and rosuvastatin against ovarian toxicity and POF induced by CP without compromising its antitumor effect.
Emotional Branding Scale and Its Role in Formation of Brand Trust
Authors: Singla Vikas , Gupta Gaurav
Published: August 2019

The importance of emotional branding (EB) strategy in building long-term and sustainable psychological links with consumers had been sufficiently highlighted in literature. However, very few research attempted to provide a structured tool for its measurement. This study proposed a 13-point four-factor multidimensional scale which could be used to measure EB formally. Dimensions measuring EB were derived from literature and then examined on three different brands in order to achieve a reliable and valid scale. Findings suggested brand loyalty, brand association, perceived quality and brand personality as constructs which would form the scale. The second part of the study was devoted to understand the role of these constructs in achieving ultimate goal of branding, that is, to infuse trust in consumers. A key finding suggested that emphasis on brand loyalty results in formation of trust and mitigates scepticism. Also, trust was positively and significantly impacted by brand loyalty and association, whereas a mismatch of brand personality with emotions reflected by brand could result in scepticism.
Extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves may reduce biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. in stainless steel and teatcup rubbers
Authors: Manzur Andressa GB , SM Junior Valdo , Morais-Costa Franciellen , Mariano Emanuelly GA , Careli Roberta T , da Silva Lívia MV , Coelho Sandra G , de Almeida Anna C , Duarte Eduardo R
Published: August 2019

Human ingestion of antimicrobial residues in dairy products is a problem of public health. In this study we evaluated antibacterial effectiveness of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Mangifera indica L. as a natural alternative for reduction of Staphylococcus spp. biofilms. Eight Staphylococcus spp. strains from cows with mastitis and the Staphylococcus aureus strain (ATCC 25923) were evaluated. High performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract. Agilent Technologies gas chromatography revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and gallic acid in ethanolic extract. The tannin contents were 2.27 ± 0.01 and 2.67 ± 0.01% for ethanolic extract and aqueous extract, respectively. Extracts were evaluated in agar diffusion test and the size of inhibition zones were compared. The ethanolic extract was the most effective, showing minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 1.8–7.5 and 15.1–45.3 mg/ml, respectively. After tannin removal, the extracts were less effective, indicating these secondary metabolites as one of the main antibacterial compounds. The ethanolic extract at 45.3 mg/ml reduced mature biofilms in teat rubber (average: 3.91 log reduction) and stainless steel (average: 3.87 log reduction) after 5 min of contact. The extracts of M. indica leaves represent natural alternatives against Staphylococcus spp. strains and the ethanolic extract shows potential as a natural sanitizer.
Telomere Length and ADHD Symptoms in Young Adults
Authors: Momany Allison M. , Lussier Stephanie , Nikolas Molly A. , Stevens Hanna
Published: August 2019

Objective: Previous research examining telomeres in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders shows that greater illness, symptoms, or cognitive impairment are linked with shorter telomeres. However, the relationships of telomere length and neuropsychological processes or psychiatric symptoms are not understood in individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: 390 young adults with and without ADHD completed a multi-informant diagnostic assessment and neuropsychological testing battery. Participant DNA was isolated from saliva samples, and telomere length was determined using qPCR. Results: Linear regression models demonstrated the only significant association to survive correction for multiple testing was for childhood hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and longer telomere length. Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, longer telomere length in young adults was associated only with childhood ADHD symptoms, particularly hyperactivity-impulsivity, in this sample. These findings are an important demonstration that the neuropsychological deficits and symptoms experienced by individuals diagnosed with ADHD during adulthood may not be negatively associated with telomere length.
Influence of micro-grooves on the lubrication performance of a misaligned bearing
Authors: Han Yanxiang , Fu Yonghong
Published: August 2019

Surface texturing for improving the lubrication performance of journal bearings has been widely investigated in the last two decades. In practical applications, the misalignment of a journal bearing occurs due to the asymmetric bearing load, elastic deflection, manufacturing tolerances, and installation errors. However, there has been little discussion on the influence of grooves on the lubrication performance of misaligned bearings. In the present work, numerical predictions of lubrication performances are presented to test the influence of the grooves. Based on the JFO boundary condition, a mass conservation algorithm is implemented to automatically determine the position of oil film rupture and reformation. The load-carrying capacity, friction force, friction coefficient, and bearing moment are computed numerically. The influence of angular position of the groove is first conducted in a misaligned bearing. Subsequently, the groove depth and width are investigated with different values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ratios, respectively.
Infratentorial and spinal cord lesions: Cumulative predictors of long-term disability?
Authors: Dekker Iris , Sombekke Madeleine H , Balk Lisanne J , Moraal Bastiaan , Geurts Jeroen JG , Barkhof Frederik , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Killestein Joep , Wattjes Mike P
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine whether early infratentorial and/or spinal cord lesions are long-term cumulative predictors of disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

We selected 153 MS patients from the longitudinal Amsterdam MS cohort. Lesion analysis was performed at baseline and year 2. Disability progression after 6 and 11 years was measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and EDSS-plus (including 25-foot walk and 9-hole peg test). Patients with spinal cord or infratentorial lesions were compared for the risk of 6- and 11-year disability progression to patients without spinal cord or infratentorial lesions, respectively. Subsequently, patients with lesions on both locations were compared to patients with only spinal cord or only infratentorial lesions.

Results:

Baseline spinal cord lesions show a higher risk of 6-year EDSS progression (odds ratio (OR): 3.6, p = 0.007) and EDSS-plus progression (OR: 2.5, p = 0.028) and 11-year EDSS progression (OR: 2.8, p = 0.047). Patients with both infratentorial and spinal cord lesions did not have a higher risk of 6-year disability progression than patients with only infratentorial or only spinal cord lesions.

Conclusion:

The presence of early spinal cord lesions seems to be a dominant risk factor of disability progression. Simultaneous presence of early infratentorial and spinal cord lesions did not undisputedly predict disability progression.
Strategic surprise, nuclear proliferation and US foreign policy
Authors: Cohen Michael D , Rapport Aaron
Published: August 2019

What are the effects of strategic surprise on foreign policy? We apply mechanisms from cognitive psychology and foreign policy analysis — the hindsight bias and policy engagement — to theorize about how political leaders attribute blame for strategic surprises and the consequences for their foreign policies. We argue that leaders who are hardly engaged with policy matters related to a surprise will tend to believe that it should have been foreseen, attribute blame to domestic culprits and favour significant changes in foreign policy. Conversely, those more involved with policy planning will blame an adversary’s deception and resist policy change. We illustrate these hypotheses empirically by examining the cases of the Truman administration’s reaction to the 1949 Soviet nuclear test and the Johnson administration’s reaction to the 1967 Chinese thermonuclear explosion. Despite their similar international and domestic political environments, the two presidents reacted quite differently to the two surprises. Truman, who was weakly engaged with nuclear matters prior to 1949, authorized major policy changes and reorganized the Central Intelligence Agency. Conversely, Johnson’s deeper involvement in nuclear matters led him to attribute blame for the surprise to Chinese deception. He sought to use the 1967 test to advance his ongoing efforts to secure the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. The findings suggest that the variables of policy engagement and the hindsight bias can predict how leaders’ foreign policies will respond to surprises regarding nuclear weapons proliferation and potentially other shifts in the balance of power.
Re-evaluation of challenging telepathological diagnoses in support of a hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Voelker Hans-Ullrich , Strehl Annette , Stuefe Ansgar , Stauch Gerhard , Mueller-Hermelink Hans-Konrad
Published: August 2019

Since 2007, a hospital in Tanzania has been supported with histopathological reports via telepathology (TP) by German pathologists. For this, the Internet-based platform iPath is used. The aim of this study was to analyse the rate of discrepancies in defined diagnostic groups. After shipment of paraffin-embedded tissue to Germany, specimens were processed according to recent diagnostic standards. All diagnoses were grouped into eight benign and 11 malignant main categories. The comparison comprised the following categories: 1, identical diagnosis; 2, mild discordance; 3, correct distinction between benign and malignant process, 4, false malignant; 5, false benign; and 6, no primary diagnosis possible. The cohort comprised 396 benign and 336 malignant diseases. Of the benign diseases, 62% were category 1, 23% category 2, 2% category 3, 6% category 4 and 7% category 6. Of the malignant diseases, 42% were category 1, 16% category 2, 12% category 3, 14% category 5 and 15% category 6. Exclusive support with static TP cannot meet all requirements of modern medical diagnostics. However, the project shows a approach for how pathologists in industrial countries can help low-income countries. In difficult cases, the opportunity for a final work-up using additional methods must be given for useful diagnostic purposes.
NICE and Society: Health Technology Appraisal and the Cultivation of Social Relations
Authors: Benzer Matthias
Published: August 2019

This article presents a sociological inquiry into the politics of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE) approach to health technology appraisals. It is based on analyses of documents published by NICE and of a 2005–2008 interdisciplinary debate about the ethics of its activities. Simultaneously, the article brings further perspectives to this debate by clarifying that NICE, through the comparisons central to its approach, arranges a competition in producing health between different treatments applied to their respective particular patient groups. In fostering competition for differentiation, NICE’s approach resembles objectives for shaping social relationships often attributed to neoliberal politics. Yet closer scrutiny reveals that NICE’s creation of positions for, and relations between, patients is simultaneously more problematic. A comparison between NICE’s work and long-standing sociological conceptions of the social relationship offers insight into the quality of the social relations NICE’s approach supports in more general terms.
The whiteness of white-collar crime in the United States: Examining the role of race in a culture of elite white-collar offending
Authors: Sohoni Tracy , Rorie Melissa
Published: August 2019

While the role of race has been heavily scrutinized in terms of minority involvement in crime, it has remained largely invisible for Whites despite indications that Whites are overrepresented as offenders in elite white-collar crimes. We propose a theoretical model detailing how “whiteness” encourages cultural adaptations conducive to elite white-collar crime in contemporary US society. Many middle- and upper-class US Whites live in environments of relative social isolation, both geographically (in terms of schools and neighborhoods) and culturally (as mainstream media largely reflect the lived realities of middle- and upper-class Whites). When this social isolation is combined with financial advantage, it serves to block the development of empathy toward outgroups and increases feelings of individual entitlement, which leads to the formation of crime-specific cultural frames that include neutralizations and justifications for elite white-collar crime. We argue that whiteness plays a role that is independent from (but exacerbated by) socioeconomic status, and is an important contributor to the generative worlds from which many white-collar criminals emanate.
From revisionism to retrotopia: Stability and variability in Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of culture
Authors: Brzeziński Dariusz
Published: August 2019

This article examines the evolution of Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of culture during his over-sixty-year-long scholarly activity. Bauman wrote his first books on the theory of culture ( Culture and Society; Sketches in the Theory of Culture) when he was a Professor at Warsaw University. The ideas put forward at that time were later developed in his writings. This applies in particular to the critical nature of his thought, the combination of synchronic and diachronic perspectives, the inclusion of the context of the social structure as well as his references to the structural dimension and to agency. Later years – starting with the publication of the book, Culture as Praxis – saw Bauman’s growing emphasis on the transcendence of the existing reality and the creative role of an individual in the transformation of cultural reality. This article shows how other theorists of culture inspired Bauman and how he critically referred to them. The article offers a holistic look at Zygmunt Bauman’s oeuvre. It also creates an opportunity for English-speaking readers to become familiar with Bauman’s writings in his mother tongue.
Populism and the yearning for closure: From economic to cultural fragility
Authors: van der Walt Sibylle
Published: August 2019

Since the Brexit-vote and the election of a far-right businessman as President of the United States, the social sciences have been struggling to explain the societal conditions that nourish the increasing appeal of far-right parties and leaders in the Western world. The article’s main thesis is that the currently leading sociological paradigm, the theory of globalization losers, is not sufficient to understand the social dynamics in question. Starting from a discussion of the recent work of German sociologist Wilhelm Heitmeyer, it is argued that the best insight in far-right voter’s motivations and emotions can be found in the work of Margaret Canovan. The article shows further that a sociological investigation into the socio-psychological dynamics of the rise of the far-right should take into account broader cultural transformations that have been weakening the social world of Western democracies in the past 30 years, namely individualization, acceleration and demographic decline. In times of crisis (the ‘modernization’ of Eastern Europe and the financial crisis of 2007), these transformations become manifest as a general crisis of advanced capitalism.