bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonographische Darstellung der physiologischen Ovarien bei der Katze
Authors: Wehrend Axel , Conze Theresa
Published: March 2017

Die sonographische Darstellung des Ovars stellt einen zentralen Bestandteil der gynäkologischen Untersuchung dar. Während sie bei vielen Haustierarten etabliert ist, wird sie bei der Katze bisher seltener durchgeführt. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die technischen Voraussetzungen, den Untersuchungsgang sowie die Darstellung des physiologischen Ovars bei der Katze. Die Untersuchung kann sowohl in Seitenlage als auch in Rückenlage durchgeführt werden. In der Regel befinden sich die Eierstöcke kaudal der Nieren, die als Leitstruktur dienen. Im Anöstrus haben die Ovarien eine durchschnittliche Größe von 0,9 cm (Länge) x 0,5 cm (Höhe) x 0,4 cm (Breite). In der Follikelphase sowie der Gelbkörperphase erleichtern die Funktionskörper das Auffinden der Eierstöcke, während ihre Darstellung im Interöstrus und Anöstrus deutlich erschwert ist.
Exploring Implications of Context Specificity and Cognitive Load in Residents
Authors: Ratcliffe Temple A. , McBee Elexis , Schuwirth Lambert , Picho Katherine , van der Vleuten Cees P. M. , Artino Anthony R. , van Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. , Leppink Jimmie , Durning Steven J.
Published: March 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Context specificity (CS) refers to the variability in clinical reasoning across different presentations of the same diagnosis. Cognitive load (CL) refers to limitations in working memory that may impact clinicians' clinical reasoning. CL might be one of the factors that lead to CS. Although CL during clinical reasoning would be expected to be higher in internal medicine residents, CL's effect on CS in residents has not been studied. Methods: Internal medicine residents watched a series of three cases portrayed on videos. Following each case, participants filled out a post-encounter form and completed a validated measure of CL. Results: Fourteen residents completed all three cases. Across cases, self-reported CL was relatively high and there were small to moderate correlations between CL and performance in clinical reasoning (r's = .43, -.33, -.23). In terms of changing CL across cases, the correlations between change in CL and change in total performance were statistically significantly only in moving from case 1 to case 2 (r = -.54, p =.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Residents self-reported measurements of CL were relatively high across cases. However, higher CL was not consistently associated with poorer performance. We did observe the expected associations when looking at case-to-case change in CL. This relationship warrants further study.
In vitro Embryogenesis Derived from Shoot Tips in Mass Propagation of Two Selected-Clones of Phalaenopsis
Authors: WINARTO Budi , ATMINI Kristina Dwi , BADRIAH Dedeh Siti , WEGADARA Mega
Published: March 2017

Phalaenopsis is of high economic value and market demand in Indonesia; however, orchid products are mostly imported from other countries. ‘Kristina Dwi’ (KD) 69.274 and ‘Dedeh’ (D) 802.28 are two selected clones with high potential utilized and developed commercially. To support their commercialization, a reliable in vitro propagation protocol is essential.  In the current study, an in vitro mass propagation protocol for KD 69.274 and D 802.28 clones was successfully established using shoot tips as explant sources. A high number of embryos, up to 8.2 embryos per explant, with 58.5% explant regeneration, and 3.5 regenerated-explants in average were regenerated from shoot tips of KD 69.274 clone cultured on  half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with full strength micro, Fe-chellate and vitamin containing 0.5 mg/L thidiazuruon (TDZ) and 0.25 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA). The initial embryos were proliferated by culturing embryos individually on half-strength MS medium with 0.13 mg/L TDZ and 0.25 mg/L BA and resulted in high embryo regeneration up to 91.4%, with 10.2 embryos per explant and no embryo browning. The embryos were multiplied under periodical subcultures of 3 months each, resulting in gradual increasing number of embryos from the first subculture till the fifth subculture, with 23.6 embryos produced, then declined afterward. The embryos were easily germinated on half-strength MS medium with full strength of vitamin and hormone free, with 73.9% embryo germination and 14.9 germinated embryos. Healthy plantlets were stimulated on the same medium with 2 g/L activated charcoal (AC) and successfully acclimatized on Cycas rumphii bulk, with 88.3% survival plantlets. Finally, it can be summarized that a new in vitro mass propagation protocol, as new alternative choice for Phalaenopsis propagation, was successfully established.
Antimicrobial Properties and Melissopalynology, Proximate and Elemental Analyses of Honey Samples from Three Different Ecozones in Nigeria
Authors: ADEONIPEKUN Peter A. , ADENIYI Tiwalade A. , EDEN David
Published: March 2017

Honey samples from three different ecozones - coastal freshwater (Ogba), lowland rainforest (Oka-Akoko) and montane Sudan savanna (Mambilla plateau) – were subjected to melissopalynological, proximate and elemental analyses, as well as antimicrobial studies. The aim of the research was to determine the contribution of pollen, if any, in the antimicrobial activities of the studied honey samples. Standard preparation methods were adopted for these studies. The Mambilla honey recorded the highest pollen diversity, while that of Oka-Akoko and Ogba regions had similar diversity, both having lower values. The Ogba honey however contained the highest abundance of pollen. Proximate analysis showed that the Mambilla honey also recorded the highest values of moisture, ash, protein, fats and oil, as well as potassium and reducing sugars. Antimicrobial investigation revealed the highest antimicrobial activities for the Mambilla honey, followed by Oka-Akoko and Ogba against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative). Moisture content, proteins and carbohydrates were significantly different, with positive and negative trends respectively, when related with the antimicrobial activities of the honey samples. The pollen contents were also qualitatively different. This is the first time the antimicrobial activity of honey is ever traced to pollen contents.  More conclusions can be accurately made only after further research upon pollen grains directly.
Assessment of Salinity Effect on Germination, Growth and Yield of Solanum lycopersicum (L.)
Authors: BUAH Joshua D. , OLORUNMAIYE Kehinde S. , LAKWANNUM Yila G. , ALE Elizabeth K.
Published: March 2017

This study was aimed at unraveling the morphological effect of salinity on germination, growth and yield of S. lycopersicum, through inducement of salinity (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g NaCl). All the parameters considered: germination percentage, leaves number, stem girth, plant height and fruit quality, were significantly affected by NaCl treatments (salinity) compared with the control (no salinity). 100% germination was recorded only in control and 4 g NaCl concentration, though the percentage of germination was faster in control than within the 4 g NaCl. ‘Tomato UC-83-B’ plants’ growth till maturity, shed leaves, chlorosis and leaf burns around edges occurred due to osmotic imbalance and water deficit caused by salinity, which invariably had effect on leaf area, although the reduction in leaf area varied among tested NaCl concentrations. Fruits yield and quality of ‘Tomato UC-83-B’ treated with NaCl was poor and relative to the degree of saline inducements, with 10 g NaCl treatment producing the least fruits. Chlorophyll contents were also significantly reduced by increasing saline concentrations. Ca and K were the predominant elements found in the digested fruit samples observed under Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) at different NaCl concentrations, while Mg, Na and P were significantly less. Salinity is a major abiotic factor that hampered the overall performance of tomato crop in salient ways and must therefore be curbed in order to meet its increasing global demand.
Relative Coagulation Effectiveness of Jatropha curcas Press Cake (Physic Nut) and Aluminium Sulphate in Purifying Domestic Sewage
Authors: ADENIRAN Kamoru Akanni , AKINWUNMI F. A.
Published: March 2017

An investigation was conducted on the relative effectiveness of using press cake of dried Jatropha curcas (Physic nut) seed and alum (Aluminium sulphate) for the purification of domestic sewage. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated three times. Physical and chemical properties of domestic sewage were investigated before and after the purification exercise. Treatments imposed included: the control culture (no alum and Jatropha), 10 mg/l of Aluminium Sulphate (alum) treatment, 80 mg/l of J. curcas treatment, 100 mg/l of J. curcas treatment and 120 mg/l of J. curcas treatment. The results showed that for the total dissolved solids, cultured tanks treated with 80 mg/l of J. curcas reduced the sewage concentration from 30.1 mg/l to 23.20 mg/l, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was reduced from 30.55 mg/l to 30.10 mg/l, increased acidity from 5.33 mg/l to 5.66 mg/l, reduced alkalinity from 6.35 mg/l to 6.0 mg/l, reduced pH from 7.6 to 6.55, and likewise 10 mg/l of alum also reduced pH from 7.6 to 6.55. The cultured tanks treated with 120 mg/l of J. curcas performed best in reducing turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the sewage. The turbidity was reduced from 5.99 NTU to 5.6 NTU; 120 mg/l of J. curcas also reduced total hardness from 9.6 mg/l to 7.15 mg/l, total solids from 55.6 mg/l to 55.17 mg/l. Cultured tanks treated with 10 mg/l of alum reduced total dissolved solids from 30.1 mg/l to 24.30 mg/l, while those treated with 80 mg/l of J. curcas reduced it from 30.1 mg/l to 23.20 mg/l, 100 mg/l and 120 mg/l of J. curcas reduced it to 25.20 mg/l. Total suspended solids increased from 25.5 mg/l to 30.96 mg/l for 10 mg/l of alum, to 30.22 mg/l for 80 mg/l of J. curcas, 30.26 mg/l for 100 mg/l of J. curcas and 30.38 mg/l for 120 mg/l of J. curcas. Conductivity increased withion the study period from 525 μS/cm to 830 μS/cm for 10 mg/l of alum, to 590 μS/cm for 80 mg/l of J. curcas, 634 μS/cm for 100 mg/l of J. curcas and finally to 662 μS/cm for 120 mg/l of J. curcas. The results show that, within the reduction of BOD, pH, alkalinity and total solids, 80 mg/l of J. curcas performed best, while for reduction of COD and turbidity, 120 mg/l of J. curcas gave the best results. The study showed that Jatropha curcas was effective in purifying domestic sewage with little or no harmful effect on the ecology.
Solvent-less Synthesis, Antimalarial and Toxicity Evaluation of Lumefantrine-Copper Complex in Swiss Mice
Authors: ARISE Rotimi Olusanya , TELLA Adedibu Clement , IYIOLA Oluyinka A. , AYENI Oluwakemi Mary , FAROHUNBI Samuel Tobi , YEKEEN Abeeb Abiodun
Published: March 2017

The antimalarial efficacy and safety of mechanically induced solventlessly synthesized lumefantrine-copper complex were investigated in experimental mice. Parasite level in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice treated with lumefantrine - copper complex (LCC) significantly declined (p < 0.05) at day 3 and was comparable with that of chloroquine-treated mice. LCC attained a percentage chemo-suppression which was significantly higher than those of pure lumefantrine and comparable with chloroquine. Pure lumefantrine attained a clearance of 88.52%, chloroquine was 91.95%, while LCC was 95.10%. Administration of lumefantrine, LCC and chloroquine to mice for 7 days caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the liver when compared with the control, and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the liver and kidney activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases when compared with the control. Also, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the levels of PCV, Hb, RBC and lymphocytes and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the white blood cells count and neutrophil counts in all the treatment groups when compared with control. Alterations in the biochemical parameters and chromosomal aberration in the organs investigated suggested selective, chromosomal and functional toxicity of the tested drugs.
Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Antioxidants and Pungency in Onion
Authors: DENRE Manas , BHATTACHARYA Amitava , PAL Srikumar , CHAKRAVARTY Arunabha , CHATTOPADHYAY Arup , MAZUMDAR Debasis
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of foliar application of micronutrients [Zinc: Zn1 (0%); Zn2 (0.5%); Zn3 (1.0%) and Boron: B1 (0%); B2 (0.25%); B3 (0.5%)] on the antioxidants and pungency of onion cv. “Sukhsagar” (Allium cepa L.). In this experiment, it was suggested that the highest contents of total and free phenol was obtained by the highest dose of Zn (1%) in combination with 0% B, and single dose of Zn (0.5%) in combination with 0% B respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to increase with respect to control following the highest dose of B (0.5%) alone. However, the peroxidase (POD) activity increased more with respect to control following the single dose of B (0.25%) rather than the double dose (0.5%). The highest Molybdate reducing antioxidant potential (MRAP) was observed in 0.5% Zn in combination with 0% B, whereas that of 2, 2-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPHRAC) was found in the interaction effect of the double doses of both Zn (1%) and B (0.5%), which also offered the lowest lipid peroxidation. The highest pyruvic acid development was observed by the interaction effect of 0% Zn and 0.25% B. Based on the average values of the biochemical parameters and the results of PCA, the treatment with Zn1B3 (0% of Zn in combination with double dose of 0.5% of B) was proved to be most promising with respect to antioxidant properties.
Effects of Telfairia occidentalis (Hook F.) Methanol Leaf Extract on the Haematological Indices and Histomorphology of the Endometrium and Liver of Female Albino Rats
Authors: OKOYE Chidozie Nwabuisi , OGWU David , IHEDIOHA John I. , OCHIOGU Izuchukwu S. , UDOUMOH Anietie F. , MBEGBU Edmund C.
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of administration of Telfairia occidentalis (Hook f.) methanol leaf extract on some hematological indices and histomorphology of the uterus and liver of female albino rats. Acute toxicity study of the extract was performed with female rats, following standard procedure. They were randomly assigned into 3 groups. The first group (A) served as the untreated control and received distilled water, while the second group (B) and third (C) received 200 and 800 mg/kg mg/kg body weight of the methanol leaf extract of T. occidentalis respectively. Administration of the extract was done daily via the oral route for 21 days. Blood was collected for hematological evaluation at weekly intervals. Hematological parameters assessed were the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (HB) and total white blood cell (TWBC) count. At the end of the study period uterine and liver tissues were excised and prepared for histological examination. Results showed that there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the mean PCV, RBC and HB values of the treatment groups, but only at the end of the second week of administration of the extract. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean total WBC throughout the duration of the study. Histological examination of uterine and liver tissues of the different groups did not show any lesions. It was concluded that the T. occidentalis leaf methanolic extract does not adversely affect the reproductive functions of the uterus.
Biochemical Constituents and Nutritive Evaluation of Some Less Known Wild Edible Plants from Senapati District, Manipur, India
Authors: KONSAM Sanjita Chanu , DEVI Kangjam Tilotama , SALAM Jekendra Singh , SINGH Potshangbam Kumar
Published: March 2017

Ten lesser known wild edible plants (WEPs) from Senapati District, Manipur, were analyzed for their proximate composition and mineral content. The study revealed that different WEPs have crude fat content that ranged between 0.41 - 21.5%, total sugar was found to be between 2.00 - 59.00%, total soluble protein between 1.40 - 8.0% and total amino acids between 1.50 - 5.25 mg/100 g respectively, whereas the highest and the lowest crude protein contents were recorded in H. macrocarpa (27.56%) and S. suaveolens (4.37%) respectively. Among the micronutrients, the highest amounts of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co were recorded in C. hirsuta (155.50 mg/100 g), E. acuminata (105.50 mg/100 g), S. suaveolens (76.50 mg/100 g in Zn and 24.0 mg/100 g in Cu) and R. ellipticum (3.0 mg/100 g), while the lowest amounts were recorded in E. phaseoloides (61.50 mg/100 g), O. indicum (1 mg/100 g), E. acuminate (17.50 mg/100 g) and C. montana (0.5 mg/100 g) respectively. Higher amounts of Ca and Mg were observed in all the plants studied, ranging from 458 to 765 mg/100 g in Ca and 148.50 to 995.0 mg/100 g in Mg. E. lineolatum indicated the highest amount of Ca by containing 765.0 mg/100 g, while A. ciliata recorded the highest value of Mg by containing 995.0 mg/100 g. The nutritive values of the ten WEPs were found to be comparable or even higher than the conventional vegetables, with respect to proteins and minerals, especially for Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn respectively.
Population Structure and Some Growth Properties of Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio) in a Mesotrophic Lake
Authors: DERELI Hakki , DİNÇTÜRK Ezgi
Published: March 2017

The hereby study investigated gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) in a mesotrophic lake (Lake Beyşehir, Turkey) from April 2013 to March 2014, in order to outline population structure and some growth properties of the species. Two water quality variables (Chlorophyll-a, Trophic State Index (TSI)) were detected seasonally to define trophic status of the lake. Length and weight distributions, length - weight relationship, sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (CF) and von Bertalanffy equation were calculated for C. gibelio sampled monthly. Trophic status of the lake was defined as mesotrophic. Total length and weight of C. gibelio samples was determined in the range of 8.5 and 28.4 cm and 15 and 408 g, respectively. Mean total length and weight of individuals were calculated as 17.5 ± 2.37 cm and 88.6 ± 39.02 g, respectively. There was a negative allometry between length and weight for C. gibelio. The fish samples were composed of 52% females and 48% males, between II and VII years old. Spawning period of the species occurred between April and June after GSI values reached their maximum in March. The CF values were validated between 1.5-1.7 besides the mean rate of females and males were 1.6 and 1.5, respectively. The parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were calculated as L∞: 19.8 cm, W∞: 652.9 gr, k: 0.934. In conclusion, C. gibelio has almost lost the economic value since the individuals are smaller than market size (≥ 250 g), probably due to lack of nutrients/mesotrophic situation of Lake Beyşehir.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: March 2017

Introduction Pages and Table of Contents
Curbing the Growth of Wax Bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) via a Novel Complex of Nano Zinc Oxide/Vermicompost
Authors: BEHBOUDI Farideh , ALLAHDAAI Iraj , GOLTAPEH Ebrahim Mohammadi , SANAVI Ali Mohammad Modares , DISFANI Marjan Najafi
Published: March 2017

Vermicompost (VC) samples were prepared from manure and spent mushroom compost (SMC) and were impregnated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), giving ZnO NPs/VC complexes that were added into the soil in which wax beans (Vigna unguiculata L.) were then planted. The study was carried out through a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three factors. The experimental factors included: ZnO NPs (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg kg-1), two substrate types (cow manure and SMC) and VC (2.5, 5 and 7.5 weight percentages). To the substrate types, adult earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were added. Specifically, after three months, the prepared VC was soaked in ZnO NPs solutions, mixed with soil (according to cultivation substrate weight), then employed in wet plantation of wax beans. The obtained results showed that with increasing ZnO NPs, leaves’ chlorophyll, grains number per pod, stem length, hundred grains weight, grain yield, and the grain protein content significantly decreased. In general, the usage of these NPs in the applied amounts could curb the undesired growth of this species.
Relationship between Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit and Obesity Traits among Different Ethnic Groups in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria
Authors: OYEYEMI Bolaji Fatai , ADEBAYO John Oluwafemi , ANIFOWOSHE Abass Toba , IYIOLA Oluyinka Ajibola
Published: March 2017

Digit ratio (2D:4D) denotes the relative length of the second and fourth digits. There are contradicting reports on its relationship with ethnicity/race, whereas convincing studies show it is related to obesity. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to demystify ethnic difference in 2D:4D ratio and to analyze its relationship with obesity among adults in Ilorin Nigeria. The cross-sectional study included 701 individuals. Finger lengths were measured with electronic calipers and other anthropometric traits were measured with standard procedure. Student t test and one-way ANOVA were used to detect differences among groups and relationship was computed with Pearson correlation. The receiver operator characteristic curves were used to detect the diagnostic effect of 2D:4D for obesity. The obtained results showed sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio and other anthropometrics at p < 0.01. Obesity was associated with significantly higher mean of 2D:4D in both genders (female 0.9814 ± 0.012:0.9700 ± 0.012; male 0.9700 ± 0.010:0.9592 ± 0.010 at p < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.753 (95% CI 0.677-0.829, p < 0.01) and 0.798 (95% CI 0.756-0.804, p < 0.01) in female and male R2D:4D respectively for obesity, implying that 2D:4D might be a surrogate marker for obesity in future.  No significant difference was found in 2D:4D among different ethnic groups studied (p >0.05); this result proved that there was no ethnic specificity in 2D:4D ratio among study’ participants. Thus, it can be reported that the digit ratio was related to high 2D:4D, but this cannot be said for different ethnic groups. The results imply that 2D:4D might be a good surrogate indicator for obesity, but not ethnicity.
Climber Diversity across Vegetational Landscape of North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: DVIVEDI Ashish , SRIVASTAVA Sumit , SHUKLA Ravindra Prasad
Published: March 2017

The composition and diversity of climbers among grassland, wasteland and forest vegetations was examined with respect to their woodiness, climbing mode and circumnutation pattern across the vegetational landscape of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh during 2011-2015. A total of 111 climbers, constituting 63 lianas and 48 vine species, under 35 families, were recorded. The forest and wasteland vegetation were quite similar in regard with climber diversity. Family Convolvulaceae included a maximum of 19 climbers. Majority of twining climbers showed right-handed twining.  The wasteland vegetation was most suitable and quite similar to forest habitat for vines as well as for lianas. The right handed circumnutation was the dominant pattern among the twiners of the region. Local climbing flora provides considerable natural resource to the region. They often create special micro-habitats and increase the complexity of the ecosystem.
Effect of mechanical grinding on the hydration activity of quartz in the presence of calcium hydroxide
Authors: Wu Peng , Lyu Xianjun , Wang Junxiang , Hu Shugang
Published: March 2017

In order to explore the hydration conditions of quartz powders at room temperature, pastes containing quartz/lime at a ratio of 4:1 were prepared at a water/cement ratio of 0·4. The effect of mechanical grinding on the hydration activity of quartz was investigated based on determination of the compressive strength, the mineral phase composition, calcium hydroxide consumption and the quartz reaction degree of hardened samples of quartz/lime pastes under standard curing conditions (temperature of 20 ± 1°C and mass of 95%). The results revealed that grinding had an observable impact on the hydration activity of quartz. The compressive strength of the quartz/lime pastes increased from 0·34 MPa to 1·59 MPa after a curing period of 140 d, and the specific surface area increased from 227·2 m2/kg to 729·1 m2/kg. Moreover, a small amount of CSH gel was detected in the test pastes. This indicates that quartz has the capacity to react with calcium hydroxide and shows some pozzolanic activity at room temperature under mechanical activation and after a long curing period.
Components of compression splice resistances in high-strength concrete
Authors: Chun Sungchul
Published: March 2017

To investigate the development of compression splice resistances, compression splices under normal conditions, splices with bond only and splices with bearing only were tested. The bond and bearing strengths of the normal splices were found to be less than those of splices with bond only and splices with bearing only, respectively, because in the normal splices the circumferential tensile stresses induced by bearing and bond overlapped at the ends of the splice length. However, the strengths of the normal splices are always higher than the strengths of the bond only or bearing only splices because the normal splices exhibit less slip compared to the bond only or bearing only splices at the same level of bar stress. Consequently, the splice strength in compression cannot be improved by removing either the bond or the bearing. In addition, the bond strength in the bond only splices is nearly the same as the bond strength in tension splices.
The antecedents and development of unsafety
Authors: Smith Simon David , Sherratt Fred , Oswald David Christopher
Published: March 2017

The concepts of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions within incident and accident reporting processes are well established, and both play a part in safety, as seen in highly complex accident-causation models. Nevertheless, a systematic understanding of the development of unsafety to its manifestation as incidents is yet to emerge. Drawing on a large data set of nearly 4000 safety observation reports from a large infrastructure construction project, investigation of the way in which incidents are categorised is explored, and then, through content analysis of a purposive sample of individual reports, the reality of how the acts and conditions develop, combine and interrelate is evaluated. The findings reveal significant inconsistency in the application of the categorisations of ‘act’ or ‘condition’ and the utilisation of the process in apportioning individual blame through ‘unsafe acts’. It can be suggested that, within a construction context, there are relatively few precursors that produce unsafe acts or conditions, and focusing on these in practice would provide greater insights, enhancing utility without adding significant complexity. Further understanding of how the development of unsafety takes place would enable management to use reporting data, such as safety observation reports, better in the development and implementation of focused interventions.
Integrating subsurface management into spatial planning in the Netherlands, Sweden and Flanders
Authors: Hooimeijer Fransje , Tummers Lidewij
Published: March 2017

The pressures of climate change, energy transition, the financial crisis and retreating governments, call for a reintroduction of the subsurface into spatial planning. Most urban technological infrastructure, including load-bearing capacity, heat and water, is located in the subsurface. It stores water, plays a role in cooling the city and provides geothermal heat as renewable energy. Yet the subsurface is insufficiently recognised as part of the solution in tackling the current challenges. This paper compares the level of integration of subsurface management in Dutch, Swedish and Flemish (Belgium) planning systems. The criteria for the comparison of the planning systems are based on the format developed in COMMIN, a transnational project within the Baltic Sea Region INTERREG III programme. To establish the guiding principles for spatial planning applicable in all three countries, the principal institutions, legal frameworks and planning documents are studied. These are analysed and connected to subsurface management aspects. The analysis of the main differences and overlaps between the planning systems of the three countries forms the starting point for an approach that integrates subsurface decision making into spatial planning. The conclusions argue that, rather than new regulations, a culture change in planning culture is the key to successful integration of the subsurface.
Bradford Protein Concentration determination v1
Authors: Baltzar Brian
Published: March 2017

Estimate a protein concentration in a solution using the Bradford protein assay
Pattern of drug-induced bleeding in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Negi Rajinder , Kashyap Rajesh , Prashar Anupam , Sharma Brij , Asotra Sanjeev , Gupta Dilip
Published: March 2017

Background: It is a well-known fact that drug-induced bleeding causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Drugs that induce bleeding do so by aﬀecting either anti-platelet Function and /or coagulation. By the frequency of their use, anti-platelet, a coagulant, thrombolytic and NSAIDs are the most commonly implicated drugs. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is commonest adverse drug reaction associated with hospital admission. Signiﬁcant number of these could be prevented if simple guidelines are followed. Spontaneous cessation of bleeding occurs in as many as 85% of cases. Early intervention is required in those if bleeding does not stop spontaneously. Objective of the study was to determine the pattern of drug induced bleeding in tertiary care hospital setting.Methods: It was a hospital based observational study conducted during one year study dura on ((June 1, 2014 to May 31, 2015) amongst all adult patients admitted to the hospital with drug induced bleeding. Statistical analysis was done by frequency measurement for categorical variables. Chi- square test was used to determine associations. A p-value of<0.05 was taken as statistically signiﬁcant.Results: A total number of 110 cases with history of bleeding were enrolled. Commonest drug that caused bleeding was a platelet with 29 (26%) cases followed by combination of 2 or more drugs in 25 (23%) cases, then NSAIDs and anticoagulants in 24 (21%) and 23 (20%) cases respectively. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was the commonest site of bleeding seen in 64 (58%) cases. The commonest drugs causing upper GI bleeding were NSAIDs seen in 24 (37.5%) cases followed by a platelet 22 (34.3%), combined drugs in 09 (14%) cases. (P<0.001) In overall severity most cases of drug induced bleeding had mild bleeding with 61 cases as compared to 38 cases of moderate and 11 cases of severe bleeding. There were signiﬁcantly higher proportion of mild and moderate bleeding in upper gastrointestinal bleed cases in comparison to other sites of drug induced bleeding in this study (p<0.01). 7 (6.4%) out of 110 patients died and 103 (93.6%) patients recovered and were discharged.Conclusions: Clinical management of bleeds requires careful assessment of the patient, haemodynamic stabilisation, discontinuation of the offending medication and, where appropriate, reversal of the haemorrhagic effects and specific therapies such as endoscopic haemostatic therapy.
Ocular morbidity following road traffic acccidents: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Das Shubhra , Bhuyan Dipak , Addya Sujit
Published: March 2017

Background: Ocular trauma is a well-known cause of blindness and visual impairment and in industrialised nations it has become the reason for extended hospitalization of ophthalmologic patients. Anually, there are in excess of 2 million cases of ocular trauma, with more than 40,000 individuals sustaining significant visual impairment on a permanent basis. The aim of the present study was to study the pattern of ocular involvement in variety of road traffic accidents, attending the emergency department of Gauhati Medical College and Hospitals; analyse and correlate various factors playing roles in etiology and evaluate the final visual outcome. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in which retrospective analysis of 500 cases, who sustained injury involving any part of eye due to road traffic accidents attending emergency department from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2016, was performed. Results: The predominant age group was between 21-30 years of age with males (75.2%) dominating over female (24.8%). Lid injury in the form of abrasions, lacerations, oedema to full thickness tear, is the commonest presentation in majority of the studies. RTA is more common in rainy and winter months and during the daytime. Two (2) wheelers is the common type of vehicle involved. Final visual outcome in the present study is good and comparable to other studies. Conclusions: Driving under the influence of alcohol is an important etiology in Northeast India. A significant section of the patients were driving two-wheelers and not following the safety precautions as advised, which calls for rigorous implementation of traffic rules. Last but not the least, it is often said that the prevention is the best way to minimise such unwanted events. Public sensitisation, strict adherence to traffic rules and improved roads are some of the few steps that can go a long way to reduce such events.
Temporal bone malignancy: an overview
Authors: K. Shashhidhar , Doreyawar Venkatesh , Kulkarni Aniruddh , Malick Nabeel , H. N. Preetham , N. S. Sandhya , K. M. Vidyashree , Puthukulangara Shruthi
Published: March 2017

Background: Carcinoma of the temporal bone is rare, accounting for fewer than 0.2% of all the tumours of the head and neck. Despite the recent advances made in oncology, delayed diagnosis is common with temporal bone tumors which lead to significant morbidity and poor surgical outcomes. All cases of persistent otitis media or otitis externa which fails to improve with adequate treatment, temporal bone malignancy should be suspected. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of temporal bone malignancy in patients with CSOM or external auditory mass.

Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery, Karnataka institute of medical sciences, Hubballi from July 2015- December 2016. All patients with CSOM presenting with otorrhoea and mass in the external auditory canal in our outpatient department were included in the study.  

Results: Out of 6496 patients included in our study, 3 patients were found to have temporal bone malignancy. Histopathological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 patients. All three patients underwent lateral temporal bone resection with post-operative radiotherapy.

Conclusions: High level of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis of temporal bone malignancy especially in patients with CSOM unresponsive to conventional treatment.

 
Comparison between vinegar wash and culture based oral antibiotic therapy in active chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Shenoy Supreetha B. , Gadag Raveendra P. , Megalamani Somanath B. , Mushannavar Annapurna S.
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic otorrhea in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has become a difficult task to treat for ENT specialists because of emerging resistance to the available antibiotics and patient’s affordability for its cost. Also biofilms have been responsible for the chronicity of disease. Use of vinegar as an antiseptic and altering the pH of middle ear to treat otorrhea in CSOM needs to be studied.

Methods: 120 patients with active CSOM were recruited randomly for either vinegar wash or antibiotic therapy. Vinegar diluted with water in 1:1 ratio at pH 4 was used twice a day for 3weeks to one group. Oral antibiotics based on culture sensitivity report were given to other group for 3weeks. Both groups were followed up for a month and observed for resolution of ear discharge.  

Results: Pseudomonas (40%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25%) were the most common organisms detected. 96.2% of Pseudomonas and 50% of Staphylococcus aureus ears became dry with vinegar wash. 81.67% of antibiotic group and 68.33% of vinegar group ears became dry in 3weeks. No statistically significant difference between vinegar wash and culture based oral antibiotic therapy in resolution of ear discharge was seen in active CSOM (p >0.05).

Conclusions: Management of otorrhea is long term in CSOM and vinegar can be used as an alternative to costly oral antibiotics for resolution of ear discharge in active CSOM. Two fold dilution of vinegar prevents chance of ototoxicity.
Articular cartilage tissue engineering with stem cells implanted onto nanoscaffolds and platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Abbassy Hadeer A. , Montaser Laila M. , Fawzy Sherin M.
Published: March 2017

Musculoskeletal medicine targets both cartilage regeneration and healing of soft tissues. Articular cartilage repair and regeneration is primarily considered to be due to its poor regenerative properties. Cartilage defects due to joint injury, aging, or osteoarthritis have low self-repair ability thus they are most often irreversible as well as being a major cause of joint pain and chronic disability. Unfortunately, current methods do not seamlessly restore hyaline cartilage and may lead to the formation of fibro- or continue hypertrophic cartilage. Deficiency of efficient modalities of therapy has invited research to combine stem cells, scaffold materials and environmental factors through tissue engineering. Articular cartilage tissue engineering aims to repair, regenerate, and hence improve the function of injured or diseased cartilage. This holds great potential and has evoked intense interest in improving cartilage therapy. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or stem cells may be influential for tissue repair as well as cartilage regenerative processes.  A great promise to advance current cartilage therapies toward achieving a consistently successful modality has been held for addressing cartilage afflictions. The use of stem cells, novel biologically inspired scaffolds and, emerging nanotechnology may be the best way to reach this objective via tissue engineering. A current and emergent approach in the field of cartilage tissue engineering is explained in this review for specific application. In the future, the development of new strategies using stem cells seeded in scaffolds and the culture medium supplemented with growth factors could improve the quality of the newly formed cartilage.
Human SUV3 helicase in the cell nucleus regulates the growth rate of HeLa cells.
Authors: Stepien Piotr P. , Szewczyk Maciej , Fedoryszak-Kuśka Natalia , Tkaczuk Katarzyna , Dobrucki Jerzy , Waligórska Agnieszka
Published: March 2017

The human SUV3 helicase (hSuv3p, hSUV3, SUPV3L1) is a DNA/RNA unwinding enzyme belonging to the class of DexH-box helicases. It localizes predominantly in mitochondria, where it forms an RNA-degrading complex called mitochondrial degradosome with exonuclease PNP (polynucleotide phosphorylase). Association of this complex with polyA polymerase modulates mitochondrial polyA tails. Silencing of the SUV3 gene was shown to inhibit the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis in human cell lines. However, since small amounts of the SUV3 helicase were found in cell nuclei, it was not clear whether the observed phenotypes of SUV3 depletion were of mitochondrial or nuclear origin. In order to answer this question we designed gene constructs able to inhibit SUV3 nuclear activity exclusively. The results indicate that the observed growth rate impairment upon SUV3 depletion is due to its nuclear function(s). Unexpectedly, overexpression of the nuclear-targeted wild-type copies of SUV3 gene resulted in higher growth rate. Our results indicate that the nucleus-associated human SUV3 protein is an important factor in regulation of the cell cycle.
Qualitative Observations on the Design of Sports Bras for Wear Under Body Armour
Authors: Elizabeth Niemczyk Sara , Arnold Lyndon , Wang Lijing
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the results of preliminary research designed to explore in depth the design, fit and comfort of selected sports bras for large breasted women worn under soft body armour. Female armed personnel need to feel safe and protected in soft armour vests, giving them physiological comfort to perform their duties daily. Troublesome physical and additional physiological problems in relation to the female body are frequently caused due to the poor design of various bra components. Different breast sizes require unique bras designs. Specifically, when it comes to plus-size breasts, all the difficulties of fitting are more evident. In general, retail bra designs are not overcoming the above-mentioned bra's wear problems even before consideration of how they relate to be worn under the soft body armour.

As breast size and shape vary greatly between individuals, the design of bra size and style are important. In addition, fit and comfort are the most important factors of concern to the customers. With an aim to achieve a perfect bra shape, fit and comfort, designers have a strong drive to develop a superior quality bra by properly using components and materials with high performance.

Five commercial sports bras were selected based on their suitability for wear under body armour. The bras were fitted on a fit model and ranked in terms of the design criteria (1) non-wire, firmness and comfort, (2) fit and size range (D to G-cup) shape, (3) moisture wicking, and (4) composition and textile quality. They were then assessed for correct fit by an expert bra fitter and photographed to assess frontal and side-shape protrusion for mobility and for comfort on the side upper arm. Comparisons indicated differences in the side arm protrusion for some popular brands. Further wear test under a simulation mock-up body armour vest was conducted for observing comfort and moisture management performance over a period of 6 hours. The bra comfort performance was compared.
Expression of CA-125 Level And Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio In Infected And Non-infected Endometrioma
Authors: Utama Surya Ilham , Kemal Harzif Achmad , Maidarti Mila , Pratama Gita , Wiweko Budi
Published: March 2017

Implantation and growth of endometriosis was determined by immune cell. There were several immunologic cells that promoting implantation and cell proliferation such as macrophages, Natural killer, lymphocyte and monocyte. Infected endometrioma was associated in women with revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) stage III-IV. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was a simple systemic inflammation response markers. The sensitivity and spesificity CA-125 in predicting endometrioma was very low but it had been used to monitor the progress of endometriosis. Therefore, measuring mean in leucocyte, NLR, PLR and CA-125 level in infected endometrioma was necessary. 
Knowledge and Attitude in Indonesian Patients and Parents of Patient with Turner Syndrome towards Fertility Treatment
Authors: Kemal Achmad , Deliandra Irfan , Julianti Renny , Iswaranti Kartika , Silvia Melisa , Mutia Kresna , Maidarti Mila , Wiweko Budi
Published: March 2017

The objective of the study was to prospectively determine the knowledge and attitude in Indonesian girls and parents of patients diagnosed with Turner Syndrome (TS) towards future fertility treatment possibility. Data collected from in-depth interviews with 20 TS patients or parents. The first group was composed of 16 patients selected from Indonesian Turner Syndrome Society and 4 patients from dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta. All participants were stratified by characteristics, physical appearance, hormonal therapy and TS knowledge and attitude towards future fertility treatment possibility.

 

More than half of the TS patients belong to the support grup have better knowledge than the patients in the non support group. This study showed that 31.25% patients from support group and 25% patients from non support group believed that TS patients still have normal social life, but still concern about TS fertility (support group 87% and non support group 100%). Most of them (support group 93.75% and non support group 100%) agree to have possible fertility treatment, but 31.25% of them insisted on lower cost of hormonal treatment and medication. The greatest barriers for accepting fertility preservation by the parents and TS patients were lack of information (41.2%), fear of complication (22.1%) and lower cost for hormonal treatment (15.3%).

The challenges of counseling and fertility treatment for TS patients in Indonesia are the time pressure diagnosis and the possible fertility treatment and lack of knowledge about TS fertility condition by pediatric endocrinologist, fertility experts and parents; therefore a team consisting of pediatric endocrinologist, infertility specialists and support group is recommended in these setting.
Characteristic of Poor Responder Patients and the success rate of biochemical pregnancy in the administration of adjuvant recombinant Luteinizing Hormones in Yasmin Clinic, Jakarta
Authors: Marischa Devi , Pratama Gita , Maidarti Mila , Harzif Achmad K. , Wiweko Budi
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Management for poor response patients is still a challenge for clinician engaged in Assisted Reproductive Technology. Various protocols have been proposed to improve the outcome for patients, though no RCT can provide the evidence based of success rate of one protocol among others.

Objective: Our purpose is to find the basic data of poor responder patients in Yasmin Clinic, Jakarta and to assess the IVF cycle outcome after the addition of recombinant Luteinizing Hormones.

Material and methods: This is a cohort retrospective study taken from medical records of IVF patients at Yasmin Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January 2012 to January 2015.

Result :  Two hundreds and eighty-one poor response patients were selected for ART during January 2012 to January 2015, were divided into four main group. Control group received gonadotrophin protocol, while group II received additional recombinant Luteinizing hormones (rLH), Group III received additional Growth hormones (GH) and Group IV received additional rLH and GH both.

Discussion: Our study demonstrated the follicle count, the oocyte count and the cleavage rate were statistically significant difference between control group and LH group. Where the oocyte count and follicle count were significantly higher, but the cleavage rate with LH showed negative correlation compare with control group.
Conclusion : In this study we found that with adjuvant therapy with recombinant Luteinizing Hormones, produced higher follicles count and oocyte count.
INFORMÁTICA NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM DO DISLÉXICO
Authors: Mendonça Ana Abadia dos Santos
Published: March 2017

Dislexia é um distúrbio pode trazer ao portador um enorme constrangimento, angústia, baixa estima colaborando ou sendo o principal fator de repetências nas serias iniciais e de abandono escolar.  Ela é pesquisada por TELES (2009), CRUZ (2009), ALMEIDA (2005), PECCHIORE (2005), MARTINS (2004), PAGENOTTO (2005), CIASCA et al (2003), dentre outros. O objetivo foi abordar de uma forma diferente o tema Dislexia e discutir algumas tecnologias que estão sendo utilizadas para que o aluno disléxico possa melhorar sua aprendizagem na escola. Buscamos ainda mostrar alguns recursos tecnológicos que podem ser utilizados no processo de alfabetização e no dia a dia das crianças com dislexia, proporcionando um ambiente favorável para a rotina diária de aprendizagem e de interação com a sociedade em geral, evidenciando que algumas ferramentas tecnológicas podem ajudar no processo educacional e na vida diária de pessoas com dislexia.