bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DOS JOGOS ELETRÔNICOS E VIRTUAIS NO COMPORTAMENTO SOCIAL DOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Da Silva Cavalli Franciely , Ceron Trevisol Maria Teresa , Vendrame Thiago
Published: March 2013

O jogo constitui-se uma atividade universal que contribui para o desenvolvimento social, cognitivo e afetivo do ser humano. A percepção dos adolescentes em relação ao significado dos jogos eletrônicos e virtuais em seu cotidiano é a chave para a busca de respostas abordando algumas questões que caracterizem variáveis significativas como definição e importância, discriminação de quantidade de tempo, substituição de relações virtuais por reais, isolamento e possíveis comportamentos agressivos. Nesse sentido, a investigação buscou verificar a influência dos jogos eletrônicos e virtuais no comportamento social e interpessoal dos adolescentes. A parte empírica dessa investigação se deu por meio de um estudo exploratório de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. A amostra desse estudo foi composta por 203 adolescentes de duas escolas públicas do município de Herval d’Oeste (SC). Como procedimento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário composto por questões objetivas e subjetivas; e para a análise, utilizou-se o conteúdo das respostas dos sujeitos participantes. Nos dados analisados, evidenciou-se que os adolescentes jogam por diversão, não percebendo componentes cognitivos e físicos que afetam o ato de jogar. A maior parte dos adolescentes, independente de gênero, apresentam preferências por jogos com componentes violentos. Conclui-se que os jogos eletrônicos e virtuais possuem características positivas e negativas de acordo com a percepção e significação do conceito subjetivo de cada indivíduo, tornando-se necessária a atenção ás reações disfuncionais do comportamento derivadas de sinais, sintomas e reações emocionais relacionadas com essa prática.
FILIAÇÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS EM PROJETOS DE MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA: ESTUDO SOBRE OS AUTORES QUE OS FUNDAMENTAM
Authors: Garcia Pascual Jesus , Júlia de Abreu Costa Áurea , Monteiro Clarindo Janaílson
Published: March 2013

O aumento da procura por cursos de pós-graduação no Ceará suscita o interesse pela investigação de aspectos concernentes aos mesmos. O presente artigo investiga as referências bibliográficas utilizadas, em projetos de mestrado, pelos candidatos que se submeteram à seleção do mestrado em Psicologia em universidade situada na cidade e Fortaleza (CE), no período de 2006 a 2010. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica/documental, cujo acervo consta de livros e documentos: fontes de estudo sobre a Psicologia – livros-texto, livros sobre epistemologia da Psicologia, livros-roteiro – e 52 projetos de mestrado. Recorremos aos livros para definir o que designamos por “autores basilares” na configuração da ciência psicológica – fundadores de teorias psicológicas ou fomentadores reconhecidos das mesmas. Os 52 projetos de mestrado foramanalisados quanto às referências bibliográficas utilizadas como fundamentação teórica, as quais foram comparadas com aquelas citadas nos livros-texto, livros sobre epistemologia da Psicologia e livros-roteiro. Isso nos permitiu identificar a proporcionalidade entre a utilização de “autores basilares” e a utilização de “autores emergentes”, aqueles que começam a ser referenciados em trabalhos científicos, mas não têm, ainda, contribuições consolidadas para o desenvolvimento daPsicologia. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os candidatos à Pós-Graduação em Psicologia mantêm equilíbrio na fundamentação teórica dos projetos, pois recorrem preferencialmente a “autores basilares” da Psicologia e de outras ciências, bem como, promovem o aparecimento de novos nomes no cenário científico psicológico, os “autores emergentes”.
O OLHAR DE FUTUROS PAIS SOBRE O PROCESSO DE ADOÇÃO
Authors: Tainá Mesquita Costa Luana , Suzuki Kemmelmeier Verônica
Published: March 2013

Este artigo buscou identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pelos pais durante a espera da adoção, período marcado por diversas dificuldades. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica em que seis participantes foram entrevistados, dois casais e duas irmãs, sendo que apenas um dos casais já possuía filhos biológicos. Esses participantes constituíam o Grupo de Apoio a Pais na Fila de Espera da Adoção, da cidade pesquisada. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadasem dois momentos, inicialmente de maneira individual e, posteriormente, com os pares. Os resultados obtidos foram organizados em categorias, visando classificar os sentimentos relacionados ao motivo de adotar, o gestar na fila de espera e o perfil desejado dos filhos pelos participantes. Considera-se, desse modo, a importância do acompanhamento dos pais por uma equipe preparada, pois a visão dos adotantes, muitas vezes, é afetada por fatores encobertos que tornam o processo de adoção pouco compreensível para esses indivíduos.
Using Community-Level Mental Health Surveillance Data to Examine the Relationship of Depression Prevalence to Social Determinants of Health and Access to Mental Health Services
Authors: Currie Shawn R. , Fiest Kirsten , Guyn Lindsay
Published: March 2013

The effect of social determinants of health on depression prevalence and treatment access was examined using community survey and administrative data on mental health service users in the Calgary Health Region (CHR). Consistent with national prevalence data, depression was significantly associated with female gender, younger age, and health risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity. The prevalence of depression causing interference in daily functioning across 19 social districts (subregions within the CHR) was significantly related to community-level indicators of single-parent status, low-income families, and low educational achievement in each district. Disparities in treatment access were also found with persons living in the most impoverished districts having the lowest rates of accessing professional mental health services.
To What Extent can Adolescent Suicide Attempts be Attributed to Violence Exposure? A Population-Based Study from Western Canada
Authors: Saewyc Elizabeth M. , Chen Weihong
Published: March 2013

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in Canada and globally. The purpose of our study was to calculate what proportion of adolescent suicide attempts could be prevented in the absence of verbal, physical, and sexual violence. Using the province-wide 2008 British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (N = 29,315) we calculated population-attributable fractions for each type of violence, as well as exposure to any violence, separately by gender, among adolescents age 12–19. We found violence victimization is implicated in the majority of suicide attempts. Focusing on violence prevention may be an important strategy for reducing suicide among young people.
The Mediating Effects of Empowerment, Interpersonal Conflict, and Social Support on the Violence–PTSD Process among Single Mothers
Authors: Samuels-Dennis Joan , Bailey Annette , Killian Kyle , Ray Susan L.
Published: March 2013

In this study, data from 181 income-assisted single mothers residing in Ontario, Canada, is used to examine the process through which childhood abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV) affect current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom levels. Structural equation modelling is used to examine the mediating effects of empowerment, social support, and interpersonal conflict on the trauma–PTSD process. Empowerment and social support are highlighted as key protective factors that may be compromised by exposure to abuse/violence and interpersonal conflict. Implications include understanding the ways in which women’s empowerment may be enhanced particularly in the post-trauma period.
Predicting Implementation Success of an Evidence-based Program to Promote Healthy Relationships among Students Two to Eight Years after Teacher Training
Authors: Crooks Claire V. , Chiodo Debbie , Zwarych Suzanne , Hughes Ray , Wolfe David A.
Published: March 2013

During the past decade, teachers in over 1,500 schools in Canada have been trained to implement the empirically validated Fourth R program, but the sustainability of the program post-training is unknown. For this study, 197 teachers in 26 districts in 6 provinces were surveyed to determine the extent to which they were using the program 2 years or more after training, what modifications they make, and perceived barriers to implementation and sustainability. Results indicated high satisfaction with the program, strong implementation fidelity, and the importance of training, support, and accountability in improving implementation. Training, implementation, and monitoring implications are highlighted.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐derived protein Orf9b enhances MARK2 activity via interaction with the autoinhibitory KA1 domain
Authors: Homma Daiki , Limlingan Sophia Jobien M. , Saito Taro , Ando Kanae
Published: July 2024

Microtubule affinity‐regulating kinase 2 (MARK2) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that regulates cell polarity and immune responses. Here, we report that Orf9b, one of the accessory proteins encoded in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome, increases MARK2 activity via interaction with the autoinhibitory KAI domain. We found that co‐expression of Orf9b enhances the kinase activity of MARK2 in HEK293 cells. Orf9b does not bind to or enhance the activity of the mutant form of MARK2 lacking the KA1 domain. Orf9b lowers inhibitory phosphorylation of MARK2 at T595 while mutation experiments indicate that this site is dispensable for Orf9b‐mediated enhancement of MARK2 activity. Our results suggest that Orf9b enhances MARK2 activity by binding the autoinhibitory KA1 domain, which closely interacts with the kinase domain.
Alternative endpoints to mortality in cancer screening trials
Authors: Kumar Sir Harpal
Published: July 2024

The reliance on mortality endpoints in cancer screening trials is not always compatible with the need to accelerate progress in outcomes for patient and public benefit. Evaluation of novel cancer screening technologies, such as multi‐cancer early detection (MCED) tests, could be expedited by using alternative metrics that are measurable earlier than mortality. These include endpoints based on cancer stage at diagnosis, such as reduction in late‐stage cancer incidence, and endpoints following cancer diagnosis, such as eligibility for curative therapy. Innovative trial designs with earlier measures that complement cancer mortality are needed to realise the potential benefits of novel screening technologies such as MCEDs more rapidly.
Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery Subtypes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in First Deliveries of Patients With Systemic Vasculitis
Authors: Horomanski Audra , Mayo Jonathan , Shaw Gary M. , Simard Julia F.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The goal of this study was to investigate the risk of preterm birth subtypes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients with systemic vasculitis using large, statewide databases.

Methods

Births to nulliparous patients with prevalent systemic vasculitides (Takayasu arteritis [TAK], Behçet disease [BD], antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis [AAV], and Kawasaki disease [KD]) were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes in linked administrative data and birth records from the California Department of Health Care Access and Information and California Vital Statistics from 1991 to 2012. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery (PTD) subtypes were identified. Multivariable‐adjusted Poisson models estimated risk ratios (RRs) of these outcomes compared with the general birthing population without history of rheumatic disease.

Results

A total of 96 births to nulliparous patients with systemic vasculitis were identified (TAK, 14; AAV, 31; BD, 26; KD, 15) and compared with 4,191,900 births of the nulliparous general population. Adjusted RRs for all PTD types were elevated in patients with vasculitis (RR 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15–4.79), as were the RRs of all PTD subtypes including preterm premature rupture of membranes (RR 4.30, 95% CI 2.05–9.01) and spontaneous PTD (RR 4.99, 95% CI 3.01–8.28). Of the spontaneous PTDs among patients with vasculitis, 16.7% were early PTDs (20–31 weeks), with the remaining 83.3% occurring between 32 to 36 weeks. Patients with vasculitis also had an elevated risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR 2.96, 95% CI 1.72–5.10).

Conclusion

Among first‐time births, we found that patients with systemic vasculitis have an elevated risk of PTD subtypes as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Gemcitabine‐Loaded Injectable Hydrogel for Localized Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Barough Mahdieh Shokrollahi , Seyfoori Amir , Askari Esfandyar , Mahdavi Mehdi , Sarrami Forooshani Ramin , Sadeghi Behnam , Kazemi Mohammad Hossein , Falak Reza , Khademhosseini Ali , Mojtabavi Nazanin , Akbari Mohsen
Published: July 2024

Injectable hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy are effective for both active and passive approaches. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) immunoshaping can change the tumor microenvironment to favor tumor cell elimination. The primary objective of immunoshaping is to reduce regulatory T‐cells (Tregs), which can enhance the effectiveness of ex vivo immune cell therapy in solid tumors. A shear‐thinning injectable hydrogel that consists of gelatin and Laponite (Gel‐Lap) is used in this study. By optimizing the formulation, their immunotherapeutic and anti‐tumor properties are examined. Gemcitabine (GEM), an anti‐metabolite cancer chemotherapy agent, is loaded into a Gel‐Lap hydrogel (immunogel). The study compares the effects of immunogel on 4T1 inoculated breast cancer animal models. Results show that immunogel increases survival rates and significantly inhibits metastasis. The Treg cell population reduction is observed up to 70% in TILs and splenocyte population in line with CD8+ T‐cells population increment in inguinal lymph nodes near the tumor region; the CD8+ T‐cells function may be mediated through overexpression of eomesodermin (EOMES) as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation transcription factor. The human 3D cell culture model confirmed results in animal data demonstrating T‐cell migration through the hydrogel and anticancer efficacy. Local delivery of GEM using our silicate‐based hydrogel holds promise for editing tumor microenvironment in favor of systemic immune responses.
Hyperspectral and Weather Resistant Biomimetic Leaf Enabled by Interlayer Confinement
Authors: Yang Peiyao , Liu Xiangcui , Liu Zhiming , Zhang Tong , Zheng Haitao , Ou Houzheng , Wang Yuchao , Bai Yu , Liu Mengjie , Deng Danni , Wang Jinxian , Chen Yingbi , Zheng Huanran , Jiang Jiabi , Lei Yongpeng
Published: July 2024

Mimicking the characteristics and achieving specific functions of biological systems is stirring but challenging. Generally, pigments in the commercial coating can only achieve a similarity in chromaticity, while cannot obtain a similarity in the solar reflective spectrum whose difficulty resides in simulating spectral characteristics simultaneously. Unfortunately, traditional organic pigments show poor weather and heat resistance. Herein, with the little difference in the color difference (ΔEab*), the high spectral similarity, as well as adjustable green peak and similar red edge slope compared with the common plants (pagoda tree leaf, etc.) in 400–2500 nm, is also attained. It is achieved by the interlayer confined organic pigment in Mg/Al‐layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al‐LDH) layers. The corresponding biomimetic leaf displays high hyperspectral performance with a spectral angle cosine of 0.9922 and heat resistance at 120 °C. The longer weather resistance than that of mechanical mixing is also demonstrated. The intercalated chromophores of sodium copper chlorophyllin in the Mg/Al‐LDH and the interlayer confinement of Mg/Al‐LDH contribute to the excellent performance. This work provides a green pigment and a biomimetic leaf requiring the same chromaticity and spectrum as green plants, filling the long‐term use demand gap for heat and weather‐resistant biomimetic vegetation.
Bidirectional Zero Poisson's Ratio Elastomers with Self‐Deformable Soft Mechanical Metamaterials for Stretchable Displays
Authors: Choi Jun‐Chan , Jeong Hoon Yeub , Sun Jae‐Hong , Byun Junghwan , Oh Jeongtaek , Hwang Seok Joon , Lee Phillip , Lee Dong Won , Son Jeong Gon , Lee Seunghyun , Chung Seungjun
Published: July 2024

Stretchable displays, capable of reversible expansion, represent significant advancements in free‐form display technologies. However, the high Poisson's ratio (ν) of elastomer substrates leads to unintended deformation under tensile strain, resulting in image warping. To address this, a meta‐elastomer (ME) substrate with a bidirectional zero ν, incorporating a self‐deformable soft mechanical metamaterial (MM) frame, is introduced. The ν of the ME is precisely programmed by the interaction between the deformation of the MM frame, which exhibits a negative ν, and the elastomer matrix, which has a positive ν. The soft MM frame, stiffer than the elastomer matrix, undergoes both structural deformation and length alteration during substrate tensile strain. This synergistic effect enables achieving a nearly bidirectional zero ν, thus overcoming the limitations of conventional tessellated rigid MM composites. Furthermore, the ME substrate, which is chemically cross‐linked at the junction interface, demonstrates exceptional mechanical robustness, enduring over 180% stretching and more than 10 000 cycles. By counteracting the Poisson's effect, the ME substrate with an integrated pixel array ensures translational pixel movement along the tensile axis during bidirectional stretching, minimizing undesired pixel movement in other directions. The stretchable ME presents key advancements for implementing more stable and reliable stretchable display applications.
A Review of Microwave Absorption and Reflection by Cement‐Based Materials, With Emphasis on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Admixture Effects
Authors: Chung D. D. L.
Published: July 2024

Cement‐based materials can be modified for microwave reflection/absorption. Admixtures (particles or short fibers) include conductive, dielectric, and magnetic ones, used solely or in combination. Synergism occurs with conductive and magnetic admixtures, due to the enabled eddy current. The conductive admixture promotes absorption and reflection, whether steel rebars are present or not. Regardless of the admixtures, rebars, or aggregates, absorption loss dominates over reflection loss. Steel microfiber is more effective than carbon fiber. Fly ash enhances the absorption slightly, due to the included iron oxide. Because of the skin effect, a small admixture unit size is preferred. Thus, carbon nanofiber is more effective than carbon fiber, if it is adequately dispersed. Fine particles (such as silica fume) as an additional admixture help the dispersion. Nanoscale admixtures tend to fill the pores, so their functional effectiveness is limited. Carbon black (nanoparticles) is less effective than carbon fiber, but it is inexpensive and the combined use of carbon fiber and carbon black is effective. The high cost of the nanofibers and the difficulty of their dispersion limit their practicality. Another approach involves porous admixtures or aggregates for reducing the impedance mismatch so that reflection is lessened and more radiation enters the cement‐based material.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Direct Organic–Inorganic Co‐Assembly
Authors: Rao Yujian , Li Zhenliang , Zhang Tuo , Wang Zhehan , Li Weisheng , Wang Xinran , Sun Litao , Ren Yuan , Tao Li
Published: July 2024

Endowing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with mesoporous structure can greatly enhance their porosity, accessible specific surface area, and exposed active sites, leading to better performances in applications based on interfacial reactions. Current methods including hard‐template (nanocasting) method or thermal‐assisted conversion (TAC) still suffer from drawbacks such as cumbersome and environmentally unfriendly process, humidity sensitivity, or ill‐defined mesostructures. Herein, the study reports a facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous TMDs/carbon composites by direct organic–inorganic co‐assembly in dual solvent (DMF/H2O). The amphiphilic block copolymer polyethylene oxide‐b‐polystyrene (PEO‐b‐PS) is used as the organic template, and (NH4)2MoS4 or (NH4)2WS4 as the inorganic precursor. After solvent evaporation‐induced aggregation assembly and thermal treatments, it results in highly ordered mesoporous MoS2, WS2, and MoS2/WS2 with highly crystalline framework, high specific surface area (44‐91 m2 g−1) and large pore sizes (15–21 nm). Semiconductor gas sensors based on mesoporous TMDs exhibit extraordinary sensing performances toward NO2 at room temperature, including high sensitivity and ultrahigh selectivity, benefiting from its abundant adsorption sites for gas molecules, fast diffusion rate in well‐connected mesopores, and rich edge active sites. This work paves a facile way to develop novel ordered mesoporous TMDs‐based semiconductor materials for various applications.
Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composite Dielectrics for Ultra‐Balanced Electrostatic Energy Storage
Authors: Liang Xiaozheng , Li Quan , Ren Yangjun , Xie Weimin , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming
Published: July 2024

The vast energy storage potential of polymer composite dielectrics in high pulse power sources stands in stark contrast to the unbalanced improvements in discharge energy density (Ud), charge–discharge efficiency (η), and dielectric strength (Eb) as reported currently. Herein, a multistage coupled interface engineering design is proposed: a novel gradient alternating dielectric buffer layer (G‐A‐DBL) is constructed, which consists of inorganic low‐k nanoclay aluminosilicate layer and high‐k ferroelectric layer assembled in a highly oriented alternation as a basic unit and gradient distribution in polymer matrix. This design achieves electric field confinement from the nanoscale to the macroscopic level and achieves an ultra‐balanced enhancement effect, resulting in a Ud of 28.5 J cm−3, an η of 80%, and an Eb of 676 kV mm−1. The universal charge retention ability of charge traps from aluminosilicate heterogeneous skeletons is demonstrated by combining density functional theory calculations and scanning probe measurements. The G‐A‐DBL design integrates traditional charge trapping, heterostructure formation, and gradient modulation, effectively suppressing the entire process of carrier excitation, transport, and before capture. This work advances the basic understanding of charge confinement within inorganic interface charge traps, demonstrating the most well‐balanced enhancement effect and potential for broad application across dielectric polymer nanocomposites.
Unlocking the Catalytic Potential of Platinum Single Atoms for Industry‐Level Current Density Chlorine Tolerance Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Sun Huachuan , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Humayun Muhammad , Qiu Yang , Ju Jun , Zhang Yumin , Bououdina Mohamed , Xue Xinying , Liu Qingju , Pang Yuanjie , Wang Chundong
Published: July 2024

Immobilizing platinum (Pt) single atoms on appropriate supports with optimized coordination environments and electronic structures is a promising strategy to address the problem of chlorine corrosion during seawater electrolysis. Herein, Pt single atoms on nickel‐vanadium layered double hydroxides (Pt‐SA/NiV‐LDH) matrix are fabricated for chlorine tolerance hydrogen generation. Due to the strong synergetic electronic interaction between atomically dispersed Pt and the ultrathin NiV LDH matrix, the adsorption/dissociation feature of *H2O, *OH, and *H are optimized as evidenced theoretically. The as‐fabricated Pt‐SA/NiV‐LDH electrode exhibits an exceptional mass activity (i.e., 30.98 times higher) compared to the commercial Pt/C, along with an ultra‐high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 9.90 s−1 in alkaline media. Impressively, only 207 mV overpotential is required to yield a current density of 2000 mA cm‒2 in an electrolyte solution containing 1 m KOH and 2 M NaCl, indicating its robust resistance to chlorine. Moreover, this kind of material demonstrates remarkably low overpotentials of 130 and 215 mV to attain the industrial‐scale current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater, accompanied by exceptional stability for 500 h working at 500 mA cm−2. This work provides an insightful reference for the production of sustainable green hydrogen through seawater electrolysis.
Revealing the Structure/Property Relationships of Semiconductor Nanomaterials via Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Peili , Cheng Yongfa , Li Lei , Jia Shuangfeng , Guan Xiaoxi , Huang Tianlong , Li Luying , Zheng He , Wang Jianbo
Published: July 2024

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers unprecedent atomic resolution imaging and diverse characterizations capabilities, which has been proved to be effective in correlating the atomic structures and compositions with the physical/chemical properties of semiconductor nanomaterials. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements regarding the atomic structure/property relationship in semiconductor nanomaterials. First, by employing off‐axis electron holography, a comprehensive overview of the quantitative investigations into the atomic‐electronic structure relationship of semiconductors is presented. Second, by integrating in situ TEM technique with micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS), this review summarizes the recent advancements achieved in elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and properties of nanomaterials subjected to diverse stimuli such as stress, thermal, and electric fields. Moreover, the impact of electron beam irradiation on the microstructure of semiconductor nanomaterials is discussed. Lastly, current challenges and future research opportunities are proposed along with their potential applications.
Synergistic Nanoarchitectonics: Precision Membrane Engineering for Rare Earth Selective Separation
Authors: Lv Zixiao , Zhang Xin , Gao Qifeng , Wen Chuanxi , He Yuqi , Tan HongXin , Qian Lijuan , Qi Wei , Chen Ximeng , Li Zhan
Published: July 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs) are vital in high‐tech industries and defense due to their strategic significance. Crafting an efficient membranes channel for REE separation poses a significant challenge. Employing 2‐methylimidazole‐hydrolyzed OH−, dopamine polymerization is initiated and then Zn2+ coordinates with 2‐methylimidazole on PDA surfaces. The confined symbiotic reaction yields 2D vertical heterojunctions of GO/ZIF‐8/PDA (G/Z/P). During separation, partially dehydrated smaller hydrated lanthanide ions preferentially access interlayers, expanding and stabilizing the interlayer space by coordinating with PDA, thus excluding larger hydrated scandium ions from the membranes. Some scandium ions entering interlayer channels are sequestered by N in size‐matched ZIF‐8 pores. This distinctive mechanism facilitates selective scandium separation from other REEs (other REEs/Sc selectivity ≈68.73), achieving nearly complete Sc3+ rejection in a single step. The methodology offers unprecedented insights into precise nano‐space material synthesis, indicating promising strides in advancing scandium production.
Consistent Thermal Conductivities of Spring‐Like Structured Polydimethylsiloxane Composites under Large Deformation
Authors: Guo Yongqiang , Wang Shuangshuang , Zhang Haitian , Guo Hua , He MuKun , Ruan Kunpeng , Yu Ze , Wang Guang‐Sheng , Qiu Hua , Gu Junwei
Published: July 2024

Flexible and highly thermally conductive materials with consistent thermal conductivity (λ) during large deformation are urgently required to address the heat accumulation in flexible electronics. In this study, spring‐like thermal conduction pathways of silver nanowire (S‐AgNW) fabricated by 3D printing are compounded with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare S‐AgNW/PDMS composites with excellent and consistentλduring deformation. The S‐AgNW/PDMS composites exhibit aλof 7.63 W m−1K−1at an AgNW amount of 20 vol%, which is ≈42 times that of PDMS (0.18 W m−1K−1) and higher than that of AgNW/PDMS composites with the same amount and random dispersion of AgNW (R‐AgNW/PDMS) (5.37 W m−1K−1). Variations in theλof 20 vol% S‐AgNW/PDMS composites are less than 2% under a deformation of 200% elongation, 50% compression, or 180° bending, which benefits from the large deformation characteristics of S‐AgNW. The heat‐transfer coefficient (0.29 W cm−2K−1) of 20 vol% S‐AgNW/PDMS composites is ≈1.3 times that of the 20 vol% R‐AgNW/PDMS composites, which reduces the temperature of a full‐stressed central processing unit by 6.8 °C compared to that using the 20 vol% R‐AgNW/PDMS composites as a thermally conductive material in the central processing unit.
Biodegradable Ferroelectric Molecular Plastic Crystal HOCH2(CF2)7CH2OH Structurally Inspired by Polyvinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Ai Yong , Gu Zhu‐Xiao , Wang Peng , Tang Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Lv Hui‐Peng , Li Peng‐Fei , Jiang Qing , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Zhang Han‐Yue
Published: July 2024

Ferroelectric materials, traditionally comprising inorganic ceramics and polymers, are commonly used in medical implantable devices. However, their nondegradable nature often necessitates secondary surgeries for removal. In contrast, ferroelectric molecular crystals have the advantages of easy solution processing, lightweight, and good biocompatibility, which are promising candidates for transient (short‐term) implantable devices. Despite these benefits, the discovered biodegradable ferroelectric materials remain limited due to the absence of efficient design strategies. Here, inspired by the polar structure of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a ferroelectric molecular crystal 1H,1H,9H,9H‐perfluoro‐1,9‐nonanediol (PFND), which undergoes a cubic‐to‐monoclinic ferroelectric plastic phase transition at 339 K, is discovered. This transition is facilitated by a 2D hydrogen bond network formed through O−H···O interactions among the oriented PFND molecules, which is crucial for the manifestation of ferroelectric properties. In this sense, by reducing the number of −CF2− groups from ≈5 000 in PVDF to seven in PFND, it is demonstrated that this ferroelectric compound only needs simple solution processing while maintaining excellent biosafety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This work illuminates the path toward the development of new biodegradable ferroelectric molecular crystals, offering promising avenues for biomedical applications.
Photoinduced Transition‐Metal‐Free Chemodivergent Phosphorylation‐Peroxidation and Oxyphosphorylation of Alkenes
Authors: Pan Jun , Feng Yuting , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping
Published: July 2024

A visible‐light‐promoted chemodivergent phosphorylation‐peroxidation and oxyphosphorylation of alkenes with phosphine oxides and HOOtBu was realized under transition‐metal‐free conditions. Using the commercially available Eosin Y as a SET‐photocatalyst, the β‐peroxy‐phosphine oxides were selectively obtained with a catalytic amount of base, while the addition of acid led to the exclusive formation of β‐keto‐phosphine oxides control experiments showed that Eosin Y could also act as a HAT‐catalyst to induce the O−O bond cleavage of peroxides under acidic conditions.
First‐Principles Calculation of Elastic Properties in LixZn1−xO:Nd3+ Mechanoluminescence Material
Authors: Kawana Soichiro , Hirata Kenji , Fujio Yuki , Uchiyama Tomoki , Xu Chao‐Nan
Published: July 2024

In this study, the elastic properties of the newly discovered mechanoluminescence (ML) material LixZn1−xO:Nd3+ are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The elastic properties such as Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus are calculated from the elastic tensor. As a result of investigating the phase stability of LixZn1−xO:Nd3+, it indicates that the wurtzite ZnO phase is stable in the Li additive range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.44, and an excess addition caused a structural transition to the h‐BN structure. Besides, elastic properties, such as Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus of LixZn1−xO:Nd3+ are decreased with increasing Li concentration in the examined range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.44. Furthermore, it reveals from bonding analysis between cation and anion that the bonding strength of Li─O bonding for the covalent bonding is weaker than that of Zn─O bonding. The elastic softening derives from atomic interaction in the covalent bonding. Therefore, it concludes that elastic softening is promoted by the increase in Li─O bonding with weak covalent bonding as the Li concentration increases.
Investigating the Performance of FASnI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Various Electron and Hole Transport Layers: Machine Learning Approach and SCAPS‐1D Analysis
Authors: Khan Tanvir Mahtab , Ahmed Sheikh Rashel Al
Published: July 2024

In this study, tungsten disulfide (WS2) as an electron transport layer (ETL) and zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) as a hole transport layer (HTL) are incorporated to improve the performance of the FASnI3‐based perovskite solar cell (PSC). The solar cell capacitance simulator in one dimension (SCAPS‐1D) is used to investigate the photovoltaic (PV) performances of the heterojunction Al/FTO/WS2/FASnI3/Zn3P2/Ni solar structure. The performance metrics of proposed device with numerous ETLs and HTLs are discussed. The suggested device provides appropriate band structures, which in turn potentially reduce minority electron recombination, thereby enhancing overall performances. Influences of various physical parameters such as thickness, doping concentration, bulk defect, interface defect states, work function, and back surface recombination velocity (BSRV) on the device performances have also been analyzed. An efficiency of 29.81% is achieved at the optimum thicknesses of 0.05 µm for WS2 ETL, 1.0 µm for FASnI3 absorber, and 0.1 µm for Zn3P2 HTL. Furthermore, a machine learning algorithm is used to assess the impact of multiple semiconductor parameters, and found that defect density influences the most. This model, which has an approximate correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.937, can predict the data with precision. Therefore, these numerical outcomes will help researchers further design and manufacture a low‐cost and highly efficient FASnI3‐based PSC.
Development and Application of Reversible and Irreversible Covalent Probes for Human and Mouse Cathepsin‐K Activity Detection, Revealing Nuclear Activity
Authors: Dey Gourab , Sinai‐Turyansky Reut , Yakobovich Evalyn , Merquiol Emmanuelle , Loboda Jure , Sridharan Nikhila , Houri‐Haddad Yael , Polak David , Yona Simon , Turk Dusan , Wald Ori , Blum Galia
Published: July 2024

Cathepsin‐K (CTSK) is an osteoclast‐secreted cysteine protease that efficiently cleaves extracellular matrices and promotes bone homeostasis and remodeling, making it an excellent therapeutic target. Detection of CTSK activity in complex biological samples using tailored tools such as activity‐based probes (ABPs) will aid tremendously in drug development. Here, potent and selective CTSK probes are designed and created, comparing irreversible and reversible covalent ABPs with improved recognition components and electrophiles. The newly developed CTSK ABPs precisely detect active CTSK in mouse and human cells and tissues, from diseased and healthy states such as inflamed tooth implants, osteoclasts, and lung samples, indicating changes in CTSK's activity in the pathological samples. These probes are used to study how acidic pH stimulates mature CTSK activation, specifically, its transition from pro‐form to mature form. Furthermore, this study reveals for the first time, why intact cells and cell lysate exhibit diverse CTSK activity while having equal levels of mature CTSK enzyme. Interestingly, these tools enabled the discovery of active CTSK in human osteoclast nuclei and in the nucleoli. Altogether, these novel probes are excellent research tools and can be applied in vivo to examine CTSK activity and inhibition in diverse diseases without immunogenicity hazards.
Short‐Term Statin Therapy Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through HNF4α/PAQR9/PPM1α Axis Regulated AKT Phosphorylation
Authors: Lin Yijun , Wang Shuying , Li Zixuan , Zhou Yuling , Wang Ruiying , Wang Yan , Chen Yan
Published: July 2024

Statins, the first‐line medication for dyslipidemia, are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. But exactly how statins cause diabetes is yet unknown. In this study, a developed short‐term statin therapy on hyperlipidemia mice show that hepatic insulin resistance is a cause of statin‐induced diabetes. Statin medication raises the expression of progesterone and adiponectin receptor 9 (PAQR9) in liver, which inhibits insulin signaling through degradation of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1 (PPM1α) to activate ERK pathway. STIP1 homology and U‐box containing protein 1 (STUB1) is found to mediate ubiquitination of PPM1α promoted by PAQR9. On the other hand, decreased activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) seems to be the cause of PAQR9 expression under statin therapy. The interventions on PAQR9, including deletion of PAQR9, caloric restriction and HNF4α activation, are all effective treatments for statin‐induced diabetes, while liver specific over‐expression of PPM1α is another possible tactic. The results reveal the importance of HNF4α‐PAQR9‐STUB1‐PPM1α axis in controlling the statin‐induced hepatic insulin resistance, offering a fresh insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying statin therapy.
Enantioselective Aminosilylation of Alkenes by Palladium/Ming‐Phos‐Catalyzed Tandem Narasaka–Heck/Silylation Reaction
Authors: Cao Kangning , Han Jie , Ye Wenshao , Hu Dejun , Ye Zihao , Yang Junfeng , Zhang Junliang , Chen Fener
Published: July 2024

A Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective aminosilylation of alkenes via tandem Aza‐Heck/silylation reaction under Pd/Sadphos catalysis is disclosed. A wide array of oxime esters and silicon reagents are tolerated, furnishing the chiral pyrrolines bearing one quaternary or two contiguous stereocenters in good yield with high enantioselectivity. Not only terminal alkenes but also tri‐substituented internal alkenes successfully participate in the reaction, delivering vicinal stereocenters in complete diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. DFT study is conducted to probe the reaction pathway and the origin of the enantioselectivity, which revealed that the stereoinduction arises from the weak interaction between the aromatic ring of the substrate fragment and naphthyl group in the ligand.
Splitting behavior and breakup mechanism of bubbles in the split‐and‐recombine microchannel
Authors: Chen Weiyang , Tian Xinyu , Zhang Hengkuan , Yin Yaran , Zhang Xianming , Zhu Chunying , Fu Taotao , Ma Youguang
Published: July 2024

Split‐and‐recombine (SAR) microreactor is an advanced reactor for chemical process intensification. Bubble flow in the SAR microchannel is an important phenomenon that affects reaction efficiency, however drew little attention before. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of bubble splitting, retraction, and breakup behaviors in a compact SAR microchannel. Two breakup flow patterns, unilateral flow and unilateral alternate flow were identified with symmetric or asymmetric splitting, respectively. Mechanism analysis indicates that the splitting symmetry issue is related to liquid slug size, viscous effect and novel retraction behavior of a splitting filament. The retraction is induced by the interconnection and unequal pressures between the splitting filaments. The correlation between normalized breakup time and Ca number confirms the Capillary‐pressure breakup mechanism for the splitting gas filaments. Two empirical correlations for the two breakup flow patterns were proposed, which illustrate the significant contribution of bubble retraction to the breakup degree.
Traumatic brain injury and cognitive change over 30 years among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Schneider Andrea L. C. , Pike James R. , Elser Holly , Coresh Josef , Mosley Thomas H. , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon , Gottesman Rebecca F.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

There is limited evidence regarding the rate of long‐term cognitive decline after traumatic brain injury (TBI) among older adults.

METHODS

In this prospective cohort study, time‐varying TBI was defined by self‐report and International Classification of Disease diagnostic codes. Cognitive testing was performed at five visits over 30 years and scores were combined into a global cognition factor score. Adjusted linear mixed‐effects models estimated the association of TBI with cognitive change.

RESULTS

A total of 11,701 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants (mean baseline age 58 years, 58% female, 25% Black) without TBI at baseline were included. Over follow‐up, 18% experienced TBI. The adjusted average decline in cognition per decade (standard deviation units) was more than twice as fast among individuals with ≥ 2 incident TBIs (𝛽 = –0.158, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.253,–0.063), but not among individuals with 1 TBI (𝛽 = –0.052, 95% CI = –0.107, 0.002), compared to without TBI (𝛽 = –0.057, 95% CI = –0.095, –0.020).

DISCUSSION

This study provides robust evidence that TBIs fundamentally alter the trajectories of cognitive decline.

Highlights

The adjusted average decline in cognition per decade (standard deviation units) was more than twice as fast among individuals with ≥ 2 incident traumatic brain injuries (TBIs; 𝛽 = –0.158, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.253, –0.063), but not with 1 TBI (𝛽 = –0.052, 95% CI = –0.107, 0.002), compared to without TBI (𝛽 = –0.057, 95% CI = –0.095, –0.020).

Over a period of 30 years, this difference in cognitive decline is equivalent to individuals with ≥ 2 TBIs being 9.7 years older at baseline.

Associations of TBI were stronger among individuals with one or two apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles than among individuals with zero APOE ε4 alleles (P interaction = 0.007).
Cucurbitacins mitigate vascular neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing cyclin A2 expression and inhibiting VSMC proliferation
Authors: Yuan Ruqiang , Qian Lei , Xu Hu , Yun Weijing
Published: July 2024

Background

Restenosis frequently occurs after percutaneous angioplasty in patients with vascular occlusion and seriously threatens their health. Substantial evidence has revealed that preventing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation using a drug‐eluting stent is an effective approach to improve restenosis. Cucurbitacins have been demonstrated to exert an anti‐proliferation effect in various tumors and a hypotensive effect. This study aims to investigate the role of cucurbitacins extracted from Cucumis melo L. (CuECs) and cucurbitacin B (CuB) on restenosis.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and subcutaneously injected with CuECs or CuB for 4 weeks. Hematoxylin–Eosin, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the effect of CuECs and CuB on neointimal hyperplasia. Western blot, real‐time PCR, flow cytometry analysis, EdU staining and cellular immunofluorescence assay were employed to measure the effects of CuECs and CuB on cell proliferation and the cell cycle in vitro. The potential interactions of CuECs with cyclin A2 were performed by molecular docking.

Results

The results demonstrated that both CuECs and CuB exhibited significant inhibitory effects on neointimal hyperplasia and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, CuECs and CuB mediated cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Autodocking analysis demonstrated that CuB, CuD, CuE and CuI had high binding energy for cyclin A2. Our study also showed that CuECs and CuB dramatically inhibited FBS‐induced cyclin A2 expression. Moreover, the expression of cyclin A2 in CuEC‐ and CuB‐treated neointima was downregulated.

Conclusions

CuECs, especially CuB, exert an anti‐proliferation effect in VSMCs and may be potential drugs to prevent restenosis.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Boroxine‐linked Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Hamzehpoor Ehsan , Effaty Farshid , Borchers Tristan H. , Stein Robin S. , Wahrhaftig‐Lewis Alexander , Ottenwaelder Xavier , Friščić Tomislav , Perepichka Dmytro F.
Published: July 2024

We report a rapid, room‐temperature mechanochemical synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐dimensional boroxine covalent organic frameworks (COFs), enabled by using trimethylboroxine as a dehydrating additive to overcome the hydrolytic sensitivity of boroxine‐based COFs. The resulting COFs display high porosity and crystallinity, with COF‐102 being the first example of a mechanochemically prepared 3D COF, exhibiting a surface area of ca. 2,500 m2 g−1. Mechanochemistry enabled a>20‐fold reduction in solvent use and ~100‐fold reduction in reaction time compared with solvothermal methods, providing target COFs quantitatively with no additional work‐up besides vacuum drying. Real‐time Raman spectroscopy permitted the first quantitative kinetic analysis of COF mechanosynthesis, while transferring the reaction design to Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) enabled synthesis of multi‐gram amounts of the target COFs (tested up to 10 g).
Photocatalytic Formamide Synthesis via Coupling of Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Radicals over Atomically Dispersed Bi Sites
Authors: Yang Weiping , Xiao Lei , Wu Haoran , Li Xin , Ren Qin , Li Jieyuan , Zhou Ying , Dong Fan
Published: July 2024

Formamide (HCONH2) plays a pivotal role in the manufacture of a diverse array of chemicals, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. Photocatalysis holds great promise for green fabrication of carbon‐nitrogen (C−N) compounds owing to its environmental friendliness and mild redox capability. However, the selective formation of the C−N bond presents a significant challenge in the photocatalytic synthesis of C−N compounds. This work developed a photocatalytic radical coupling method for the formamide synthesis from co‐oxidation of ammonia (NH3) and methanol (CH3OH). An exceptional formamide yield rate of 5.47±0.03 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1 (911.87±5 mmol ⋅ gBi−1 ⋅ h−1) was achieved over atomically dispersed Bi sites (BiSAs) on TiO2. An accumulation of 45.68 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 (2.0 g ⋅ gcat−1) of formamide was achieved after long‐term illumination, representing the highest level of photocatalytic C−N compounds synthesis. The critical C−N coupling for formamide formation originated from the “σ–σ” interaction between electrophilic ⋅CH2OH with nucleophilic ⋅NH2 radical. The BiSAs sites facilitated the electron transfer between reactants and photocatalysts and enhanced the nucleophilic attack of ⋅NH2 radical on the ⋅CH2OH radical, thereby advancing the selective C−N bond formation. This work deepens the understanding of the C−N coupling mechanism and offers an intriguing photocatalytic approach for the efficient and sustainable production of C−N compounds.
Steric Hindrance Engineering to Modulate the Closed Pores Formation of Polymer‐Derived Hard Carbon for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Jianhao , Zhou Qingfeng , Liao Zhishan , Chen Yunhua , Liu Yike , Liu Qiang , Xiong Xunhui
Published: July 2024

The closed pores play a critical role in improving the sodium storage capacity of hard carbon (HC) anode, however, their formation mechanism as well as the efficient modulation strategy at molecular level in the polymer‐derived HCs is still lacking. In this work, the steric hindrance effect has been proposed to create closed pores in the polymer‐derived HCs for the first time through grafting the aromatic rings within and between the main chains in the precursor. The experimental data and theoretical calculation demonstrate that steric‐hindrance effect from the aromatic ring side group can increase backbone rigidity and the internal free volumes in the polymer precursor, which can prevent the over graphitization and facilitate the formation of closed pores during the carbonization process. As a result, the as‐prepared HC anode exhibits a remarkably enhanced discharge capacity of 340.3 mAh/g at 0.1 C, improved rate performance (210.7 mAh/g at 5 C) as well as boosted cycling stability (86.4 % over 1000 cycles at 2 C). This work provides a new insight into the formation mechanisms of closed pores via steric hindrance engineering, which can shed light on the development of high‐performance polymer‐derived HC anode for sodium‐ion batteries.