bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of LDH levels in differentiating anemias
Authors: Zaidi Noorin , Usmani Rasha Zia , Tiwari Kshama , Irfan Sumaiya , Mehdi Syed Riaz
Published: September 2021

Background: There is a need to differentiate megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia as both require different management protocols. With the acquisition of more information about them, tests such as serum vitamin estimation and Schilling test, were found to have their limitations. Hence there is a need to search newer diagnostic candidates to differentiate between megaloblastic anemia and mixed deficiency anemia.
Aims and Objective: The current study was undertaken to find usefulness of serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in differentiating megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients were included in the study. Blood smears were stained and analysed. Complete blood counts were performed. Bone marrow examination was done, where needed. Biochemical tests were performed for estimation of vitamin B12, Folate and for LDH.
Results: Out of the 100 cases 51 were diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia and 49 were diagnosed as mixed deficiency anemia. The LDH levels were significantly higher in cases of megaloblastic anemia as compared to mixed deficiency anemia.
Conclusion: Serum LDH levels can be used in differentiating megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in pregnant women attending a tertiary hospital in northern India: prevalence, risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern
Authors: Multani Harman , Bashir Humaira , Aleem Seema
Published: September 2021

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common and can lead to adverse foetal and maternal outcomes.
Aims and Objective: The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), its associated risk factors, bacterial isolates and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in pregnant women attending Outpatient department (services in a tertiary hospital in India.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among asymptomatic women coming for routine antenatal check-ups to obstetrics OPD of a teaching hospital in Northern India. Samples were collected, processed and antimicrobial sensitivity done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data was analysed and p value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Overall 247 pregnant women were included in the study with a mean age of 25.9 ± 3.1. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 18.6%. The most common isolates responsible for ABU were E. Coli (48%), S Aureus (23%), K. pneumonia (12%), Pseudomonas (6%), Enterococcus (6%), Proteus (5%). Gram-negative isolates were mostly sensitive to Fosfomycin, Meropenem, Piperacillin + Tazobactum whereas gram-positive isolates were usually sensitive to Fosfomycin, Vancomycin and Linezolid Most isolates were resistant to Co-amoxiclav, Ciprofloxacin, and Nitrofurantoin.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of ABU and its association with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes, urine culture should be included in routine investigations being offered to pregnant women. Gram-negative bacteria were the primary causative agents with Fosfomycin, Meropenem and Ceftazidime showing high level of efficacy against the pathogens.
Management of isolated distal end of radius fracture in pediatric age group: An observational study
Authors: Phadke Vishwas Sharad , Allamwar Ajaykumar R , Antrolikar Vaibhav V
Published: September 2021

Background: Fractures of the distal radius are one of the common fractures for which pediatric orthopedic consultations are sought. The usual mechanism of injury is fall on outstretched hand seen following a road traffic accident or fall. Most of these fractures are treated either conservatively or by closed reduction and immobilization in cast. In some cases, internal fixation by K-wiring may be required. We conducted this study to analyzed outcome of distal end radius fracture in pediatric age group who were treated by immobilization alone, by closed reduction and immobilization and closed reduction with internal fixation by K-Wire and immobilization in cast.
Aims and Objectives: 1. To analyze outcome of distal end radius fracture in pediatric age group. 2. To study complications in children presenting with distal end radius fracture.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted in the department of orthopedics of a tertiary care medical college. 60 pediatric patients with distal radius fractures and treated either by conservative management or by surgical intervention were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gender distribution, mean age and mechanism of injury in the affected cases were analyzed. Patients were treated either by immobilization alone, by closed reduction and immobilization and closed reduction with internal fixation by K-Wire and immobilization in cast. Patients were followed up for 8 weeks. Complications and time for complete union was assessed during follow up visits. Functional outcome was assessed by QuickDash Score.
Results: Out of these 60 patients there were 52 (86.66%) males and 8 (13.33%) females with a male to female ratio of 1:0.15. The mean age of affected cases in Boys and Girls was found to be 13.09 +/- 2.93 years and 12.5+/- 3.64 years respectively. Dominant hand was involved in 41 (68.33 %) whereas non-dominant hand was involved in remaining 19 (31.66 %) cases. In 16 (26.67%) patients only casting was required whereas closed reduction and casting was done in 25 (41.67%) patients in remaining 19 (31.67%) patients closed reduction and K-Wire fixation was done. 42 (70%) patients had excellent functional outcome whereas 9 (15%) patients had good functional outcome and 9 (15%) patients were found to have satisfactory outcome. 4 (6.66%) patients developed pressure sores, 1 (1.67%) patient had stiffness and there was 1 (1.67%) case of pin site infections. All these complications were successfully managed by conservative means.
Conclusion: Fractures of distal end of radius in pediatric age group can be managed successfully either by immobilization alone or by closed reduction and casting. Internal Fixation by K-Wires may be required in some cases.
Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in psoriasis
Authors: Poudel Pratima , Kayastha Bhaskar M M , Karki Anupama
Published: September 2021

Background: Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease characterized by erythematous papules and plaques with silvery white scales. Recently, the role of H. pylori has been studied as a possible etiological factor. Various published studies conducted to see the association of psoriasis with H. pylori show conflicting results.
Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the association of H. pylori infection in patients with psoriasis.
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional comparative study was conducted in Outpatient Department (OPD) of Dermatology, Bir Hospital. Any patient presenting at dermatology OPD above 16yrs of age with psoriasis were taken as cases. Age and gender matched patients with skin disease other than psoriasis were taken as controls. The test was done by collecting 2ml of venous blood from each patient. The serum was separated by centrifuging the sample. All the patients were screened for Helicobacter pylori infection by using a commercially available immunochromatographic kit for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibody against H. pylori in the serum.
Results: Chronic plaque psoriasis was the most common variant (72.2%) and there was no significant association between psoriasis type and gender. Male to female ratio was 1.61:1. The mean age of onset in male patients was 42.41years and mean onset of disease in females was 40.61years. Our study showed 21.3% of the psoriasis patients had the history of psoriasis in the family. Nail changes were noted in 40.42% of patients. Psoriatic arthritis was present in 3% of cases. In our study H. pylori infection was found in 25(53.19%) of psoriasis patients and 15(31.91%) of the controls. This showed that H. pylori infection was found higher in psoriasis patients than the controls and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.037).
Conclusion: This study showed the higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with psoriasis and the differences is statistically significant. It also showed that there is increased prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity with the severity of the disease and with increased duration of illness though it is not statistically significant.
Postoperative analgesic effectiveness and opioid sparing effect of ultrasound guided transverse abdominis plane block in total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia
Authors: Malla Mohammad Sadiq , Ashraf Sameena , Taj Arshi , Bhat Rafiq Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Background: Ultrasound guided transvers abdominis plane (TAP) block is a recent modality of managing postoperative pain in lower abdominal surgeries.
Aims and Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate postoperative analgesic effectiveness and opioid sparing effect of ultrasound guided transverse abdominis plane block in total abdominal hysterectomy.
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients of age group 25 to 65 years enrolled for total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia were studied in the postoperative period at Lal Ded Hospital, Government Medical College, Srinagar over a period of 18 months. Patients who received injection Ropivacaine by ultrasound guided TAP were kept in Group A and others who received only conventional analgesia were kept in Group B. Postoperative pain scores were assessed by VAS score at 1,2,3,4,5,6,12,18 and 24 hours. Time of first rescue analgesia, total opioid consumption and postoperative adverse events were also observed.
Results: Postoperative VAS pain scores were significantly reduced at all time intervals in TAP bock group (Group A) when compared with conventional analgesia group (Group B). Mean time for first rescue analgesia was 377 min in Group A as compared to 169 minutes Group B and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean opioid consumption in Group A was 104±4.38 mg and in Group B it was 324±26.15mg and the difference between the two was statistically significant (p<0.05). Postoperative adverse events were insignificant.
Conclusion: Ultrasound guided TAP block provides effective postoperative analgesia and reduces opioid consumption in abdominal hysterectomy patients under general anesthesia.
A study on Hyperprolactinaemia and associated factors among women attending Gynecology outpatient department at a tertiary teaching hospital in West Bengal
Authors: Tapadar Debajyoti , Sengupta Debjani
Published: September 2021

Background: Prolactin has multiple biological functions and hyperprolactinaemia is a common condition in clinical practice in both females and males. It has many etiologies and may present with variable symptoms to health care workers.
Aims and Objectives: To study the various etiologies and clinical presentation of patients presenting with hyperprolactinaemia in a tertiary care medical college and hospital in West Bengal to aid in quick decision management.
Materials and Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study with follow up conducted over a period of one year in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical College and Hospital. Following sample size calculation, a total of 1824 women were enrolled for the study of which 53 were found to have raised prolactin level (after following proper inclusion and exclusion criteria) They were subsequently further examined and followed up.
Results: Majority of the subjects studied belonged to 20-29 age group (49.05%) followed by 30-39 years age group (35.85%). The most common cause of hyperprolactinaemia in our study were idiopathic (24.53%) followed by drugs (22.64%) and pituitary adenoma. Most of the patients with hyperprolactinaemia, presented with complain of infertility (56.6%), menstrual abnormality (50.94%) and galactorrhoea (18.87%) in our study. Therapeutic drugs used for various reasons were one of the main cause of hyperprolactinaemia (22.64%) and mainly due to use of proton pump inhibitor with prokinetics use.
Conclusion: Hyperprolactinaemia is very much common in patients with infertility, menstrual abnormality or galactorrhoea and mostly are due to idiopathic or drug induced causes. With early initiation of treatment most of the causes and effects can be cured.
The efficacy of WALANT technique in Hand Surgery
Authors: Ranjeet Niraj , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Sapkota Krishna , Thapa Pabin , Thapa Upendra jung , Wahegaonkar Krishna
Published: September 2021

Background: Nowadays, Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) technique has gained popularity among surgeons because of its use in variety of surgical procedures because it provides excellent hemostasis, eliminating the need of tourniquet, sedation and the risk and cost of general anesthesia.
Aims and Objective: In this study, we wanted to evaluate its efficacy and the experiences of the patients and surgeons in different hand surgeries.
Materials and Methods: We had 108 patients who underwent various hand surgeries under WALANT technique. Patients and surgeons were requested to fill a questionnaire after the procedure. The procedure was evaluated in terms of the pain compared to a dental procedure, duration of the anesthesia, amount of bleeding and patients’ satisfaction.
Results: The mean age of our patients was 42.7 years. A variety of hand surgery was performed in our study. The mean local anaesthetic volume used was 16.5 ml. The Tang grading system was used to evaluate the levels of surgeon’s experience; 75% of surgeons were a Level 2, 18% Level 3 and 7% Level 4. Sixty-four patients experienced WALANT to be less than, 30 patients equivalent to and 8 had more pain compared to a dental procedure. There was a significant correlation between volume of local anesthetic used, duration of surgery and number of procedural components repaired. Both pain and anxiety levels were significantly less intra-operatively and postoperatively as compared to the level at the time of injection. Eighty-seven patients considered it to be better than expected, and would prefer it in the future in case they have to undergo surgery.
Conclusion: We observed that our patients were satisfied with their experience on WALANT technique and the surgical procedures, and we recommend the use of this for a variety of hand surgery procedures.
Study of Absolute Neutrophil Absolute Lymphocyte count ratio in Community Acquired Pneumonia patients as a prognostic indicator at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Nirgude Dyaneshwar , Malge Mahadev Hanmantappa , Rajoli Swetha , Rajanna Avinash Hanbe
Published: September 2021

Background: Community acquired pneumonia refers to pneumonia contracted by a person with little or no contact with health care system. Following endotoxemia the number of circulating neutrophils increases while lymphocyte counts decrease. Combining both parameters seems a logical step and the ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts is increasingly used in several clinical circumstances. Initially, this so-called neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) was studied as an infection marker in ICU patients and found to correlate well with disease severity and outcome, according to APACHE-II and SOFA scores. In the current study, we explored the value of the NLCR in patients admitted with Community acquired pneumonia.
Aims and Objectives: 1) To find out the value of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio (NLCR)in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). 2) To study Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio (NLCR) as prognostic indicator in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP).
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on minimum of 100 patients admitted to hospitals from November 2015 to September 2017 from Bangalore. After admission of cases based on CURB-65 scores, a detailed history and clinical examination was done along with chest x-ray to establish the diagnosis. Before taking into the study all patients had signed the informed consent. Routine haematological investigations done on day 1,3 & 7 were carried out. Serum c-reactive protein levels, Urea nitrogen levels, Sputum for culture and sensitivity and Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was done on the same day of admission. ANC (Absolute neutrophil count), ALC (Absolute lymphocyte count) and NLCR were calculated.
Results: Our study included age groups above 18yrs. Majority of the patients in the study were between 58-67 years (30%) followed by 48-57 years (27%). As the CURB-65 score increased from score 0 to score 4–5, the NLCR consistently increased, while the lymphocyte counts consistently decreased. In patients who died there was a significantly higher NLCR at presentation compared to patients that survived (15.18±3.55 versus 11.73±3.01, p-value,0.003).
Conclusion: In our study increased NLCR carried poor prognosis which correlated with high CURB65 score and ICU admission. In patients who died there was a significantly higher NLCR at presentation compared to patients those survived.
Correlation of the severity of HRCT findings with the other hematologic parameters & viral load in patients with confirmed COVID – 19 Infection
Authors: Goyal Anjali , Antani Misha , Agarwal Suhani , Gadara Chandni , Shah Milap , Bhatt Chhaya J
Published: September 2021

Background: The latter half of 2019 saw the spread of a highly contagious and fatal respiratory tract disease originating in the Hubei province of Wuhan in China which was labelled as COVID 19. Although a multi organ disease, it is seen to spread through the respiratory tract with lung being the primary target.
Aims and Objective: The study was conducted to correlate the severity of lung involvement as assessed by the HRCT severity, with the Viral Severity index, laboratory parameters, duration of hospital stay, viral clearance and resolution of lung symptoms.
Materials and Methods: An observational retrospective study was carried out from the laboratory records of consecutive 208 patients admitted to the tertiary care hospital between March 2020 to May 2020.
Results: Out of a total of 208 patients, 200(96%) recovered and 8(4%) expired. The expired patients showed a higher average age (50.79+/- 17.42; 62.25+/-12.37) years in the recovered & expired patients respectively (p=0.06). A longer duration of hospital stay was seen in the expired patients (15.05+/-9.55&18.62+/-10.22) days in the recovered & expired patients respectively. A low average (Hemoglobin) Hb values (12.17+/-2.01&10.9+/-2.31) g/dl in the recovered and expired patients respectively along with a higher total WBC count was seen in the expired patients (8.62+/-3.81& 16.86+/-12.79) k/U in the recovered and expired patients with a highly significant p value of < 0.001). Higher CT severity scores were seen in the expired patients (10.74+/-5.57&17.12+/-6.55) in the recovered and expired patients respectively (p=0.0018). None of the expired patients had a normal D Dimer level. HRCT values and the Rising D Dimer levels tend to show a positive correlation with the disease outcome and progression. The Higher Viral severity and HRCT score was associated with a longer duration of hospital stay reflecting a higher duration of viral clearance.
Conclusion: The Chest CT scores along with the laboratory parameters like the total WBC count and the D Dimer levels can together act as important parameters to monitor the Covid 19 disease course.
Potential Use of GPS Technology For Cadastral Surveys in Nepal
Authors: Tamrakar Rabindra Man
Published: September 2021

Global Positional Systems (GPS) now is competing with traditional surveying techniques in almost all fields of geodesy and cadastral surveying after the availability of highly productive new systems such as Real Time Kinematic (RTK) systems along with the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Although the cadastral mapping of the entire Nepal was completed in 1996 using graphical survey with plane table technique, derived information from the existing maps now are outdated and do not fulfil the needs of the general public. Updating cadastral maps is not only necessary but vital in Nepal. Survey Department under the Ministry of Land Reforms & Management, Government of Nepal now has to adopt an appropriate innovative approach for cadastral mapping in the country in order to meet the growing public demands on reliable land information system, to provide speedy land administrative services as well as for overall development of the country. With continual research and development into GPS, the techniques and systems developed have become more reliable, cheaper and more productive, making GPS more attractive for a range of surveying solutions including cadastral mapping. Though high resources may be initially required for the RTK GPS technology for cadastral surveys in Nepal when compared to presently available optical surveying techniques, it would be justifiable in investing in GPS surveys. This technology, however, will not replace the existing survey techniques but it will provide another means in carrying out cadastral surveys especially in the area where the conventional technique is not economically and temporally viable. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 33-40
Intra-diploic epidermoid cyst: An iceberg lesion
Authors: Punia Prashant , Chugh Ashish , Gotecha Sarang
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Intraosseous epithelial inclusion cysts of the skull, presenting as lytic defects, constitute a very small percentage of the primary intracranial tumours. The case is presented by virtue of not only the rarity of the variant but also to highlight the importance of timely intervention by a neurosurgeon after adequate investigation and in a tertiary care setting.
Case Report: A 45 year old female patient presented to the local Primary Healthcare Centre(PHC) with a small scalp swelling in the occipital region. . Intraoperative identification of intracranial extension was made by the surgeon as inferior margin of the swelling couldn’t be reached and also by palpation of the huge bone defect following which the procedure was abandoned midway and patient was referred to our centre for further management.
Imaging: Contrast Enhanced Computerised Tomograhy(CECT) revealed a well defined, mixed density lesion with hypodense and an isodense component in right occipital region. Lesion was measuring 4.2(Cranio caudal) x 3.3(Antero posterior) x 3.6( transverse) cm. A sharp marginated bone defect was noted involving both the outer and inner tables of the occipital bone.
Operative management: Lesion was approached through a right occipital craniotomy wherein the margins of bone defect were nibbled away to gain a wide access to the lesion. Pearly white, flaky contents of the lesion along with capsule were identified and excised completely.
Discussuion: Intradiploic epidermoid cysts are very rare, accounting for <3% of all intracranial epidermoid cysts.(5) These cysts grow very slowly and usually present as painless bony swelling under the scalp.
Conclusion: Cranial epidermoid is a fairly common entity and intradiploic variant of the same isnot uncommonly seen in neurosurgical practise. These lesions may present as a small scalp lesion which should not be judged based on its apparent size as these lesions are not infrequently known to have a bigger intracranial extension
Sulcal FLAIR hyperintensity - Finding beyond meningitis
Authors: Singh Aishwerya , Krishnan Sweta , Gupta Ruchi , Hasan Samiullah
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to enumerate the causes of Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity in the sulcal space which could be due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or non-CSF related pathologies.
Methods and Materials: This is an observational retrospective study done in 100 patients in the department of Radio-diagnosis of Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from September 2019 to September 2020.
Results: The mean age of patients was 40.13 +/- 13.88 years (Range 19 to 75 years). Male to female ratio was 1.32:1.00 (57:43). The most common cause of FLAIR sulcal hyperintensity was infection in 66% cases followed by meningeal tumor deposits in 16%, vascular cause in 6%, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5%, mass effect in 5%, dermoid rupture in 1% and hyperoxygenation in 1%.
Conclusion: Presence of sulcal hyperintensity on FLAIR images is a very strong sign to an underlying brain pathology. A keen observation of the same on FLAIR sequence in association with other findings can increase diagnostic confidence and thus lead to better patient care.
A prospective study of the relation of patient-reported outcome measures with lumbar disc surgery for herniated lumbar disc
Authors: Naik Hitendra S , Ghosh Samarendra Nath , Saha Pradeep , Biswas Parthasarathy
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The aim of this 6-month prospective study was to seek out the factors affecting surgical outcome, predictors of treatment response and their correlates in open discectomy for herniated lumbar disc.
Methods and Materials: Eighty patients who fulfilled the required criteria were chosen. Socio-demographic, clinical data proforma, Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) Scale for subjective and objective pain related QoL, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) for screening mental health, Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey for assessing Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for measurement of clinical depression were used at the preoperative stage and reassessed again at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-discectomy.
Results: Postoperatively, VAS and JOA Scale scores continued to show improvement at each follow up (p<0.001). Majority of the SF-36 subscales showed significant improvement at 3-months and 6-months of the postoperative period. A significant correlation was seen between the duration of pain symptoms and depression scores at 6 months (rho 0.301 p<0.01). Baseline VAS score had a significant negative correlation with baseline Physical Functioning and General Health scores at 6 months. The duration and severity of pain symptoms before surgery predicted the depression scores at 6 months (adjusted R square 0.056 p<0.001) postoperatively.
Conclusion: The discectomy procedure resulted in significant improvement in baseline subjective pain symptoms and overall HRQOL. Greater the duration and intensity of pain symptoms at baseline, greater was the depression scores and lesser was the SF-36 physical functioning and general health at 6-month postoperative period.
Research and publication ethics in developing countries
Authors: Sharma Mohan Raj , Ghimire Namita
Published: September 2021

The scientific validity of any project relies heavily on the ethically conducted and published research work. Conducting good quality research and publishing it in a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal is the ultimate dream of any researcher. However if not done without any research and publication ethics, the work will be counterproductive. Fortunately, there are several publications on ethics of research and publication guiding an early-stage researcher to follow the underlying principles. Research ethics include upholding the basic ethical principles of human research, namely, respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Publication ethics involve not committing scientific misconduct, resolving authorship disputes, and avoiding simultaneous submission and duplicate publication. Repercussions of unethical research and publications are often unforgiving. Researchers in developing countries face unique challenges in this regard. However, at no cost should these principles be ignored. This will promote the development of a healthy research and publication culture, so desperately needed in these populations. Researchers, sponsors, ethical boards, publishers, and editors should work hand-in-hand to safeguard the research and publication integrity. In this review, issues surrounding research and publication ethics relevant to developing countries will be discussed.
Remote extradural hematoma after supratentorial brain tumor surgery: A rare complication of a routine surgery
Authors: Punia Prashant , Chugh Ashish , Gotecha Sarang
Published: September 2021

Background: Hemorrhages in the surgical cavity post resection of tumor aren’t uncommon and neurosurgeons are well versed with this entity, however occurrence of an Extra Dural Hematoma(EDH), that too at a site remote to the surgical cavity, is rare. The study presents 3 cases of post operative remote site EDH after tumor resection with review of literature  and an attempt to define and discuss the variables which play a role in determining the occurrence, extent and prognosis of the same.

Methods: The study investigated 601 patients who underwent tumor resection in the Department of Neurosurgery, Dr D Y Patil Hospital, from January 2017 to December 2019. All patients had a normal coagulation profile preoperatively. Postoperative remote EDH occurred in 3 patients whose data was examined closely in terms of age, sex, location, final diagnosis and treatment.

Results: Of the 601 patients who underwent tumor resection from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019, a total of 3 patients in our study were found to have a post-operative remote site EDH. Two of these patients were male and 1 female. The age range was 35 to 46 years with a mean of 41 years. Neither did any of these patients have a pre-existing hydrocephalus nor were they subjected to a CSF diversion procedure preoperatively. All 3 patients developed EDH on the ipsilateral side wherein 2 of our patients had a hematoma in the ipsilateral frontal region anterior to the surgical cavity while 1 patient developed hematoma in ipsilateral parietal region posterior to surgical cavity. Hematomas were unilateral with no extension to opposite side. Two patients had to be re-operated in an emergency setting while one patient was conservatively managed.  

Conclusion: In patients with an expected volume loss via large tumor size, excess blood and CSF loss and a large craniotomy, remote EDH may develop and the  neurosurgeon must have a high index of suspicion for this entity
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of outcome in traumatic diffuse axonal injury: A single-centre observational study
Authors: Thulung Suraj , Yogi Nikunj
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Incidence of diffuse axonal injury has been estimated at 40-50% of hospitalizations. Recently, much interest has been directed towards the potential of newer imaging sequences of magnetic resonance imaging to investigate diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and to prognosticate the outcome. In this study, we correlated the magnetic resonance imaging grades of diffuse axonal injury with clinical outcome in terms of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Methods and Materials: A hospital based observational study was carried out at Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu in 69 patients of diffuse axonal injury between November 2017 to November 2018. Data was collected on patient and trauma characteristics, as well as neurological assessment and MRI findings. Outcome was assessed as favourable and unfavourable GOS for various MRI grades of diffuse axonal injury.

Results: There were 21.74%, 42.03% and 36.23% of cases with grade I, II and III diffuse axonal injury respectively. There were 0 (0%), 2 (11.8%) and 15 (88.2%) cases of MRI grade I, II and III diffuse axonal injury in favourable GOS group and 15 (28.8%), 27 (51.9%) and 10 (19.2%) cases of MRI grade I, II and III diffuse axonal injury in unfavourable GOS group (p=0.00).

Conclusion: This study showed that there was a significantly higher chance of unfavourable outcome with increasing MRI grades of diffuse axonal injury.
Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare virus seroprevalence in New Brunswick
Authors: Mincer Jacqueline , Materniak Stefanie , Dimitrova Kristina , Wood Heidi , Iranpour Mahmood , Dibernardo Antonia , Loomer Courtney , Drebot Michael A , Lindsay L Robbin , Webster Duncan
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and snowshoe hare virus (SSHV) are wide-ranging mosquito-borne arboviruses in the California serogroup viruses (CSGV) that are known to circulate in New Brunswick. Despite potential for debilitating central nervous system manifestations, the prevalence of human exposure to these viruses in New Brunswick is unknown. The goal of this study was to quantify rates of human exposure in New Brunswick to these neglected arboviruses. METHODS: A retrospective, anonymized provincial serosurvey was performed using a stratified random sample of residual sera submitted between May 2015 and August 2016. To determine the seroprevalence of JCV and SSHV, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–positive samples were confirmed positive using plaque-reduction neutralization testing (PRNT). RESULTS: A total of 452 serum samples were screened. The seroprevalence of antibodies against CSGV was estimated to be 31.6% (95% CI 27.4% to 36.1%) with 143 positive samples. PRNT results indicated that most single virus exposures were due to JCV (38 of 143; 26.6%) rather than SSHV (3 of 143; 2.1%). The species of CSGV, to which the remaining 102 seropositive people were exposed, could not be precisely determined. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of human exposure to CSGV is high but comparable to rates observed in other Atlantic Canadian jurisdictions. Studies such as this provide important baseline epidemiological data regarding the risk of exposure to these neglected arboviruses. SSHV and JCV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for undiagnosed febrile and neuroinvasive illness during mosquito season, particularly when testing for common aetiologies is negative or inconclusive.
Kate Dossett. Radical Black Theatre in the New Deal
Authors: Burrell Julie
Published: September 2021

Radical Black Theatre in the New Deal focuses on the Negro Units of the Federal Theatre Project (1935–39). Dossett argues that Black performance communities consisting of Black theatre artists and the Black public sphere helped shaped the performance and reception of theatre manuscripts in the New Deal era.
Matthew Franks. Subscription Theater: Democracy and Drama in Britain and Ireland, 1880–1939
Authors: Kent Brad
Published: September 2021

Matthew Franks’s Subscription Theater: Democracy and Drama in Britain and Ireland, 1880–1939 argues that subscription reflected and nurtured the democratic impulses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, both challenged and contributed to the commercial theatre, and established the canon of modern drama.
Patricia Herrera. Nuyorican Feminist Performance: From the Café to Hip Hop Theater
Authors: Jaime Karen
Published: September 2021

Patricia Herrera fills a void in scholarship on the Nuyorican Poets Café. Her focus on women performers ( performeras) and their writing and performance challenges these artists’ marginalization and erasure, while the Nuyorican feminist aesthetic she proposes, as situated within intersectional feminism, underscores the work’s critical intervention in feminist performance theory.
Sunny Stalter-Pace. Imitation Artist: Gertrude Hoffmann’s Life in Vaudeville and Dance
Authors: Cameron Rebecca
Published: September 2021

Imitation Artist is a well-researched biography of a path-breaking performer, choreographer, and producer who elevated imitation to an art form. Stalter-Pace draws valuable connections between Hoffman’s career and popular American theatre and dance from the 1890s to the 1930s, with emphasis on the popularization of European modernism for American vaudeville audiences.
Museo y compromiso. Estudio de percepciones de estudiantes sobre una experiencia educativa
Authors: Rigo Daiana Yamila , Melgar Fernanda , Elisondo Romina Cecilia
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta una experiencia educativa orientada a abrir espacios que sirvan de andamiaje al compromiso escolar. El estudio consistió en la planificación de una visita a un museo, acompañada de tareas previas y posteriores, pensadas para facilitar la participación y el interés del estudiantado en la propuesta y en los aprendizajes escolares que son parte de la experiencia. Participaron 53 estudiantes de tercer grado de una escuela primaria de Las Higueras (Córdoba, Argentina). Para la recolección de datos, se hicieron observaciones participantes y se administraron cuestionarios a los estudiantes. El análisis de datos arroja que estos se muestran interesados, con ganas de aprender, preguntar e interactuar con los objetos del museo, aspectos que potencian el compromiso. También se destaca el papel de los vínculos interpersonales y las emociones como aspectos positivos de la experiencia que incrementan los aprendizajes.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE FRUITS OF MOUNTAIN ASH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS BASED ON RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Kozmidi E. E. , Tyutikova E.
Published: September 2021

In the course of studying scientific articles about the properties of the fruits of mountain ash and their use in modern medicine, it was revealed that the fruits of this plant are rarely used in the development of pharmaceuticals, although mountain ash has many useful properties.
THE ACTUALITY OF INTRODUCTION OF THE DISCIPLINE "ACADEMIC WRITING" IN THE MODERNIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Zәure B. , Baқytkүl B. , Anayatova R. , Zhanel A. , Ulan T.
Published: September 2021

The article considers topical issues of the introduction of the discipline "Academic Writing" in the conditions of modernization of higher education in Kazakhstan. The necessity of its widespread introduction into the Kazakhstani education system as a subject has been substantiated. It is noted that it affects the quality of professional training of students, undergraduates and doctoral students and makes a significant contribution to the competitiveness of Kazakhstani education and science.
STUDY OF GOETHITE IN THE ABYSSAL WEATHERING CRUST OF IRON ORES AT THE YUVILEINA MINE (KRYVYI RIH BASIN).
Authors: Trunin A.
Published: September 2021

The issue of the formation of iron hydroxides in deep horizons of the vertical weathering crust of the Saksagan iron-ore strip of the Kryvyi Rih basin (the Yuvileina Mine) has been studied. А stable presence of iron hydroxides in the ore strata has been revealed at considerable depths (1300-1400 m) using the method of traditional microscopy and phase analysis of iron. They are represented by goethite. Ontogenic observations have identified four main varieties of goethite. Each variety is characterized by their own forms, conditions and method of formation such as: pseudomorphic, dispersed (earthy), colloform, cementing ones. It was found that martite aggregates were the only source of iron for all four varieties. It has been proven that the depth factor, by itself, does not determine the formation of goethite. The formation of the necessary physical and chemical parameters in the system of mineralogenesis is of decisive importance. Iron hydroxides were suggested to be considered as hypergene-metasomatic formations in the abyssal weathering crust.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE PANCREAS IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FORMS OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: Krylova E. , Gravirovskaya N.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of our own studies of structural changes in the pancreas according to computed tomography data in patients with various clinical and morphological forms of the disease. It was shown that the identification of structural changes in the pancreatic parenchyma using computed tomography with contrast (calcifications and calcifications, pancreatic cysts, fibrosis, expansion of pancreatic ducts) is a reliable confirmation of the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and allows to determine clinical and morphological form of the disease. Severe structural changes in the pancreatic parenchyma were found in 71.8% of the examined patients, in 18.5% of patients - moderate, in 8.7% - mild.
ETHNO-TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION PHENOMENON OF UZBEK DIPLOMACY
Authors: Mahmudov U.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes ethno-territorial problems inherited from the post-soviet period, their features. The mistakes made, the available opportunities and suggestions for solving the problem are given. The role and place of Uzbek diplomacy in recent years, as well as the geopolitical situation in the region will be discussed.
THE MILESTONES OF THE SOVIET POLITICAL SCIENCE FORMATION: SELECTED ISSUES
Authors: Menshikova E.
Published: September 2021

The research note is dedicated to the Soviet Political Science foundation and development periodization. The notes reveal the main steps towards including Political Science into Soviet Science through the ideological limitation. The author analyzes the unique findings and memories of the Soviet philosophies - the founders of the Soviet Political Science, which has been never published in English before.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE OF SUNFLOWER CROPS STRUCTURE IN TECHNOLOGIES WITH RETARDANTS APPLICATION
Authors: Yatsenko V. , Zhatova H. , Kolosok I.
Published: September 2021

The results of experimental studies to determine the actual changes in stem height, plant productivity and sunflower yield depending on the plant density and different variants of retardant application are presented in the article. The research was carried out in a model field experiment with a density gradient from 19.84 to 160.0 thousand plant / ha. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal parameters of the crop structure of new sunflower Choral hybrid in the technology with retardant application. It has been established that the optimal variant for ensuring the technological parameters of the plant height of the Choral hybrid in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was the complex application of Moddus retardant according to the scheme "seed treatment + plant treatment in the phase of 8-10 leaves". To maintain the basic level of yield, it is proposed to increase the calculated indicators of the final (pre-harvest) crop density from 56.5 to 73.1 thousand plants / ha.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM OF PREVENTION OF DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT ON THE STUDENT YOUTH
Authors: Kononovych D.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents an analysis of the results of an experiment on the implementation of a comprehensive program for the prevention of the destructive influence of the Internet environment on student youth in the activities of social service centers. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of scientific work, the sample consisted of 533 people aged 16 to 25 years. The proposed program is based on the assumption that critical thinking is an effective means of counteracting the destructive information impact.

According to the results of the analyzed data, positive changes that occurred in young people in accordance with the axiological, cognitive and praxiological components of the formation of critical thinking. As a result of the pedagogical experiment, the majority of respondents in the experimental group achieved high and medium development of the indicators of the criteria. The effectiveness of the implementation of the developed program in the preventive activities of specialists in social work of social service centers has been proven.
CREATIVE BILINGUALISM AND AUTHOR'S TRANSLATION: OBSERVATIONS| ON V. NABOKOV'S LEXICONS
Authors: Bakoumenko O. , Aleksanyan O.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to compare the “heavenly” vocabulary used in the English and Russian texts of the same work in the conditions of the author's translation from the point of view of the writer's bilingualism and the problems of the theory and practice of translation. The main part of the article is a comparative analysis of the lists of lexemes of the "sky" cluster, selected from "Speak, Memory" and «Другие берега»; the study of the syntagmatic connections of sky/небо and their synonyms that characterize the sky in two cultural and linguistic codes of Nabokov, and a comparison of the source and translated contexts containing lexemes sky/небо. The scientific value of the work consists in the fact that the original lexicographic methods of the Kursk school of linguistic folklore study are applied to the proposed empirical material for the first time: the cluster approach, methods of concordance compression and application of dictionary entries. As a result, it is proved that when switching from English to Russian, V. Nabokov departs from his own principle of literal translation.
FUZZY LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM AND APPLYING NEURAL NETWORKS TO ITS SOLUTION
Authors: Zeynalov J. , Mammadov R. , Aliev M.
Published: September 2021

In present paper consider one economical problem- optimal planning of manufacture. In space of pair of fuzzy numbers this problem formulated as linear programming problem. Applying the certain techniques this problem reduced to classical linear programming problem. Obtained problem solved applying neural networks.
SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Krukovich E. , Tumanova N. , Bondar G.
Published: September 2021

Physical development (RF) is one of the main indicators of health status, largely due to hereditary factors, depends on the living conditions and upbringing, social and environmental factors [1,2,3,4]. This is especially important for children and adolescents in the process of growth and development. At the present stage of scientific research of RF in pediatrics, there is a transition from the analysis of average RF indicators to a personalized assessment [5,6].
SOCIAL SKILLS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Popova A.
Published: September 2021

The problem of people with disabilities is quite serious in Russia. Disabled people do not have equal opportunities for education and employment with other people. Due to the established norms and attitudes towards people with disabilities, their social interaction with other people has a negative character for them; they cannot live and take care of themselves on an individual basis. The State should support and develop the social skills of people with disabilities from early childhood and throughout their lives, so that they can be independent and not deprived.
ROLE OF THE WORLD IN THE WORLD SCHOOL
Authors: Yurechko O.
Published: September 2021

The article addresses the problem of organizing the process of physical education in the family. Studies have shown that parents do not have enough attention to the physical upbringing of their children in the family, which necessitates finding new ways to work with the family.
PLASTIFICATION OF DUSTED QUARTZ BY RECHARGING ITS SURFACE
Authors: Ananev M. , Zakrevskaya L. , Nikolaeva K.
Published: September 2021

To ensure the gravitational flow of the system, a method of non-mechanical disaggregation of mineral particles was used in order to obtain high-strength concretes with a reaction-powder bond and with minimal W / T and W / C ratios. The technology of plasticizing highly filled quartz-water suspensions consists in recharging the quartz surface and includes the following operations: dispersing the mixture into fractions (0.163 mm; 0.315 mm), adding a plasticizer, mixing and shaping the mixture. Evaluation of rheotechnological properties of water-calcium, water-quartz and water-calcium-quartz suspensions, characterized by the spread of the mixture from 64.5 mm to 29.5 mm.
VIOLATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT DURING REGISTRATION CASES OF THE AUTHOR OF THE RESEARCH OF AIRPORTS MVL
Authors: Leontyev R.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses violations of the official rules established by the documents governing state scientific certification in the Russian Federation inherent in the registration procedure in the department of the Ministry of Attestation of the author of the study of the management of airports of local air lines in the Far Eastern region.