bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key homeobox transcription factors regulate firefly adult light organ development and bioluminescence
Authors: Fu Xinhua , Zhu Xinlei
Published: June 2023

The fascinating flashing courtship signals of adult fireflies are emitted by unique adult light organs1, 2, 3, which develop quite independently to larval light organs in the pupal stage4. Keys to the development of adult light organs and bioluminescence of the firefly are expression of the luciferase gene, and luciferase transportation to peroxisomes5, 6. Until now these aspects have not been well studied. Here we show key Homeobox transcription factors AlABD-B and AlUNC-4 regulate development of adult light organs and bioluminescence in the firefly. Interference of AlABD-B and AlUNC-4 resulted in destruction of, or non-luminescence of adult light organs. AlABD-B regulated AlUNC-4 and they interact with each other. AlABD-B and AlUNC-4 regulate luciferase gene AlLuc1 and some members of peroxins directly. AlPEX13 and AlPEX14 interacted to assist AlPEX5 to import AlLUC1 into peroxisomes. AlPXMP2 and AlLUC1 interacted, and were involved in import of AlLUC1 into peroxisomes. Our results demonstrate AlABD-B and AlUNC-4 play a decisive role in the development of the adult light organ and bioluminescence by directly regulating expression of luciferase gene and peroxins to import luciferase into peroxisomes. Our research provides an insight into development of adult light organs and flash control of fireflies.
Tillage Practices Influence on Soil Quality under Different Cropping Systems of N-W Himalayas of India
Authors: Kour Tanjot , Kour Sarabdeep , Sharma Vikas , Bharat Rajeev , Kumawat Shesh Narayan , Kukal Japneet Kour
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The use of conventional agricultural practices often results into physical disintegration of the soil, loss of organic matter further being a major cause of concern to soil quality. It is also known to cause a significant impact on the soil properties. However, the conservation agricultural practices such as zero tillage is found to be an economical and environmentally sustainable option to protect our soil resources.
Methods
Keeping this in mind, this study observed the impact of tillage practices on soil quality by monitoring the changes in soil’s physicochemical and biological properties under different cropping systems and rainfed conditions after four years of cropping cycles. An existing permanent experimental field was chosen as the site of experimentation. The main plots constituted of three tillage practices and the sub-plots constituted of the four mustard-based cropping systems replicated thrice.
Results
The results after four years of the study revealed that in the surface soil depth i.e., (0–15 cm) available nitrogen content (168.1 kg ha− 1), bulk density (1.44 Mg m− 3), soil microbial biomass carbon (35.4 g kg− 1), and dehydrogenase activity (27.7 µg TPFg− 1 soil 24h− 1) was observed to be significantly higher under zero tillage compared to the conventional tillage practices. Also, a higher soil quality index was recorded under zero tillage (0.315 %) and mustard-maize (0.300 %) system which made it clear that the conservation practices is an effective management strategy to improve and sustain soil fertility and soil quality in rainfed regions of India.
Revealing enhanced X-Ray radiation shielding of 2D layered materials and their laminar heterostructures
Authors: Yu Le , Nine Md J. , Tung Tran T. , Pereira Ana C. , Hassan Kamrul , Tran Diana , Santos Alexandre , Losic Dusan
Published: June 2023

This paper demonstrates a new concept of using two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and their heterostructures for enhanced X-ray radiation shielding. This phenomenon is revealed by characterization the X-ray shielding performances of several 2D materials with high atomic numbers (Z) including MoS2, antimonene (Sb), and MXene prepared as multi-layered and heterostructured films by assembly of their few-layer (FL) sheets. Results showed considerable X-ray shielding enhancement of (40-50 %) at 30kVp for individual 2D multi-layered films compared with their bulk structures of these materials. Furthermore, when these multi-layered films were combined into laminar heterostructures structures (e.g. MoS2+MXene) further enhancement of ca 60 % was achieved. The mechanism of the observed X-ray shielding enhancement by these multi-layered 2D structures is not clear at this stage. It is postulated to be the result of an additional multiple scattering and reflections of photons between multiple layers of 2D crystals inside the film, that is not occurred in uniform bulk material. The presented results suggest that multi-layered 2D materials with high atomic numbers (Z) and their laminar heterostructures can offer a new and promising strategy for designing of a new generation of Pb-free radiation-shielding materials that is urgently needed across broad sectors.
The Internet vs kidney stones: What is the state of online kidney stone prevention information?
Authors: Salka Bassel , El-Saidi Nadir , Naqshabandi Dawan , Kazkaz Belgin , Gorgen Antonio , Patel Roshan
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of kidney stones continues to increase despite strong evidence of medical prevention of stone formation. With many patients seeking health information online, little is known regarding the quality of kidney stone prevention information available today. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of kidney stone prevention information online. METHODS: We analyzed the first 50 results of the search term “kidney stone prevention” on the most popular search engine (Google), long-form media player (YouTube), short-form media player (TikTok) and social media platform (Instagram). Only content in English, related to the topic, and with greater than 1,000 views (when available) were included. Video quality was assessed utilizing DISCERN, a tool used to appraise consumer health information and the proportion of content that accurately represents AUA medical management guidelines. RESULTS: The average DISCERN score was statistically greatest on Google (60.1) followed by Youtube (40.4), TikTok (26.6) and Instagram (28.8). The most common type of content creator was Health Systems on Google (72%), physician personal creator on YouTube (56%), and non-physician personal creator on TikTok (84%) and Instagram (56%). TikTok is the only platform that shows a significantly different DISCERN score between healthcare/physician creators and non-physician creators. CONCLUSION: Kidney stone prevention content on the Internet is strongest on Google. The majority of videos on TikTok and Instagram are of low quality and fail to address AUA guidelines. Increased engagement on these platforms by urologists can improve education.
Differential Snow Accumulation in Warm Edges Versus Cold Edges of Forest Gaps, and its Potential Implications for Tree Growth in a Sierra Nevada Conifer Forest
Authors: Manning Aidan , Allen Scott , Harpold Adrian , Csank Adam
Published: June 2023

Context
Forest gaps affect snowmelt timing and amount because canopies are key controls over snowpack dynamics and interact with topography. Overlying canopy can decrease snowmelt by intercepting snowfall, but it can also reduce ablation rates from increasing shading. Changes in forest structure and canopy gaps, may therefore affect the amount, timing, and duration of snowmelt and potentially forest response to different water limitations.
Objectives
We test how the higher energy-input edges of gaps (‘warm edges’) differ from the lower energy-input edges of gaps (‘cool edges’) with respect to snow depth, snowmelt timing, and tree growth in a snow-dominated forest in the Western US.
Methods
We use multiple dates of LiDAR-based measurement to assess springtime snow depths in warm and cool gap edges in Sagehen Creek Basin, CA. Then we use paired tree sampling and ring width chronologies to ascertain moisture sensitivity of trees adjacent to warm and cool gap edges.
Results
Pre-ablation snow depths in cool gap edges exceeded those in warm gap edges by 9% to 18% (; the effect size depended on elevation and aspect. Snow also persisted longer in cool edges than in warm edges. Growth variations in warm-edge-adjacent trees were more correlated with interannual variations in snow depth those of cool edge trees, although neither had strong correlations.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that forest structures that maximize cool edge area may benefit snow depth and persistence leading to cool-edge trees that are less sensitive to interannual hydroclimatic variability than warm edge trees, despite this effect being small relative to other controls over growth.
The Hidden Toll of War: A Comprehensive Study of Orthopedic Injuries in Yemen
Authors: Hutaif Mohammed , Moaish Abdullah , Soliaman Mosleh , Al-fadliy Anwar
Published: June 2023

Background: Yemen has been experiencing a protracted civil war and humanitarian crisis since 2015, which has resulted in many war-related injuries. However, there is a lack of data on the epidemiology, characteristics, and outcomes of these injuries, especially the orthopedic ones. This study aimed to describe the war-related orthopedic injuries in Yemen and their impact on the patients’ health and function.
Methods: This was a retrospective study based on medical records and trauma registries of 3930 patients who were admitted to three major trauma centers in Sana’a city with war-related orthopedic injuries from January 2015 to December 2020. We collected data on demographics, injury mechanisms, injury types and locations, surgical procedures, complications, mortality, and functional outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (MFA) questionnaire. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data and performed a logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with mortality.
Results: Most of the patients were young males and civilians who suffered from complex and severe injuries involving multiple body regions, especially the lower extremities. The main mechanisms of injury were gunshot wounds, blast injuries, and landmine explosions. The patients required multiple surgical procedures and implants, and had high rates of complications and mortality. The most common complications were infection, nonunion, malunion, and amputation. The most common cause of death was sepsis. The functional outcomes were poor, as indicated by the high mean MFA score. The logistic regression analysis showed that older age, blast injuries, spine injuries, vascular injuries, and infection were significant predictors of mortality.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the war-related orthopedic injuries in Yemen and their impact on the patients’ health and function. It also identifies some areas for future research, such as exploring the risk factors for infection and nonunion/malunion, evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different surgical procedures and implants, assessing the long-term outcomes and quality of life of the patients, and developing novel strategies to enhance bone and soft-tissue healing.
Development of novel palbociclib-based CDK4/6 inhibitors exploring the back pocket behind the gatekeeper
Authors: Li Lina , Chen Fengquan , Li Mengzhe , Liao Yongxiang , Wang Yongjie , Jiang Wen , Luan Yun , Xue Xia
Published: June 2023

CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy is a standard therapy for HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Herein, using structure-based drug design strategy, a novel series of palbociclib derivatives were designed and synthesized as CDK4/6 inhibitors, among which compound 17m exhibited more potent CDK4/6 inhibitory activity and in vitro antiproliferative activity against the phosphorylated Rb-positive cell line MDA-MB-453 than the approved drug palbociclib. Moreover, compound 17m possessed remarkable CDK4/6 selectivity over other CDK family members including CDK1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK5, CDK7 and CDK9. The potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitory activity endowed compound 17m with robust G1 cell cycle arrest ability in MDA-MB-453 cells. The intracellular inhibition of CDK4/6 by 17m was confirmed by western blot analysis of the levels of phosphorylated Rb in MDA-MB-453 cells. With respect to the metabolic stability, compound 17m possessed longer half-life (t1/2) in mouse liver microsome than palbociclib.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene rearrangements: A real-world study in China
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Chunli , Huang Jiayu , Mo Xiaodong , Zhang Zilu , Jiang Chuanhe , Zhao Xiaosu , Hu Xiaoxia
Published: June 2023

Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene rearrangements comprise a family of rare recurrent alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and conferred dismal outcomes. The efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) were still unclear. In this retrospective, multicenter, real-world study, we enrolled 26 de novo adult AML patients with NUP98 rearrangements who received first allo-HSCT. The 100-day cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allo-HSCT was 19.2% (95% CI, 3.8–34.7%) and the 2-year cumulative incidences of moderate to severe chronic GVHD after allo-HSCT was 47.5% (95% CI, 17.0–77.9%). Ten (38.5%) patient received maintenance therapies after allo-HSCT. Among the 24 patients with MRD monitoring regularly, all of them achieved MRD negative after allo-HSCT, and 21 (87.5%) achieved persistent MRD negative until the last follow-up. The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse and non-relapse mortality after allo-HSCT was 17.2% (95% CI, 1.4–33.1%) and 4.6% (95% CI, 0–13.7%), respectively. The 2-year probabilities of leukemia-free survival and overall survival after allo-HSCT were 78.2% (95%CI, 62.8–97.2%) and 86.3% (95%CI, 73.0–100%), respectively. In summary, we firstly identify the efficacy and safety of allo-HSCT in adult AML patients with NUP98 rearrangement, which should be further confirmed in prospective cohorts with a longer follow-up.
Alignment of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in the evaluation of nutritional status and its association with clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sherafati Navid , Behzadi Mehrdad , Bideshki MohammadVesal , Najafian Matin , Jowshan MohammadReza , Hosseinzade Zahra , Panahande Bahman , Saeedinejad Zaker , Roustaei Narges , Malekzade Janmohammad , Poormahmoodi Azizollah
Published: June 2023

Background and aims:
Considering that nutritional status is one of the influential factors in the process of infection and recovery of patients with covid-19, this study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of covid-19 patients and its relationship with clinical outcomes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 155 patients diagnosed with covid-19 disease (aged 18 to 80 years) with PCR tests and Chest CT scans. The nutritional status of participants was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and the NUTRIC score tool.
Results
The analysis performed on the collected data from 81 men (52.3%) and 74 women (47.7%) showed that, based on the results of the MNA tool, 30 participants (19.4%) and based on the GLIM criteria, 42 participants (27.1%) were suffering from malnutrition. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (GLIM SBP, DBP p-value = 0.038, 0.008 and MNA: SBP, DBP p-value = 0.04, 0.01) and blood oxygen saturation (MNA p-value = 0.01 and GLIM p-value = 0.012) was significantly associated with nutritional status of the participants. In addition, the results from the MNA and GLIM questionnaires showed a relative agreement with a value of 0.35 and p-value < 0.0001.
Conclusion
This study revealed that nutritional status is a critical factor that affects the clinical condition of covid-19 patients, which can affect the recovery process. In addition, the GLIM criterion is a practical and reliable tool to measure the nutritional status for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with Covid-19.
BAP1-loss in the salivary duct carcinoma component of an intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Quiroga Eleonora Fiorletta , Connor Patricia R. , Rooper Lisa , Moreno Mauricio A. , Nix J. Stephen
Published: June 2023

Background
BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene that is altered in a variety of neoplasms as well as in BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. BAP1 alterations are associated with aggressive behavior in some malignancies and may have treatment implications in the future. We present the first documented case of a BAP1 alteration in the salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) component of an intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).
Methods
A woman of approximately 55 years of age presented with a deep parotid lobe mass, which was resected and found to be CXPA. BAP1 immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing were performed to further characterize the neoplasm.
Results
The neoplasm showed loss of BAP1 protein expression in the SDC component but retention in the residual pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and at least partial retention in the epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC). Next generation sequencing confirmed a BAP1 loss of function alteration.
Conclusion
The presence of a BAP1 alteration in the SDC component of a CXPA may have prognostic and treatment implications, and additional studies are needed to investigate the relevancy of BAP1 alterations in salivary gland malignancies.
A comparative study on the effect of two inactivated Nocardia seriolae vaccine immunization methods in pearl gentian grouper
Authors: Shao Peng , Zhou Jingyi , Wu Yating , Gao Haofeng , Yang Zhanglei , Ji Linting , Gao Jinwei , Jia Xuying , Zhou Wenli , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: June 2023

In recent years, Nocardia seriolae has emerged as the main pathogen causing Nocardia disease in fishes. Fishes are infected with this pathogen through their gills and wounds. The infected fishes are characterized by a dark body color; occasional skin ulceration; and nodular lesions in the kidney, liver, heart, and other organs with a typical granuloma structure observed under a light microscope. In this study, a N. seriolae oral microsphere vaccine was prepared using sodium alginate, a natural polymer, as the envelope and N. seriolae inactivated vaccine as the inner core. Formalin-inactivated N. seriolae was used for the preparation of an injectable vaccine for conducting immune experiment that can compare immunization effects of the two vaccines. Test fish were randomly divided into three groups: injection group, oral vaccine group, and control group. After the immunization experiment, the vaccine protection rate in the groupers was measured, and the expression of the related immune genes was evaluated via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results indicated that the expression levels of TLR2, MyD88, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 were significantly increased in the spleen, liver, and kidney of the vaccinated fishes. The relative percentage of survival of the oral vaccine and injection groups was 62.5% and 70.5%, respectively. The results of this study provided insights on the methods to prevent and control N. seriolae disease and the development of a vaccine against it.
In Silico Induction of Missense Mutation in NNRTI Protein: Computational Modelling Studies on Design of Modelled Proteins and their Stability Studies.
Authors: Sule Laxmi , Gupta Swagata , Jain Nilanjana , Sapre Nitin S
Published: June 2023

The work presents in silico mutational studies on the energetics of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase protein 4G1Q, the highest resolved protein structure of NNRTIs of HIV-1. In silico mutations are induced on the twenty neighbouring residues, surrounding the embedded ligand, within the vicinity of 6 Å from the centre of the ligand. These 20 surrounding residues are mutated and a set of 380 novel proteins are designed in silico for the present study. The effects of mutation on the change in folding-unfolding free energy (ΔΔG), protein stability and solvation energy have been analysed and compared with the parent protein. A two-fold study is performed to assess the effect of mutation (i) by and (ii) on a specific amino acid residue. The results suggest that folding-unfolding is highly favoured in 12 designed proteins (ΔΔG < -3.0) leading to the formation of highly stable conformation. In 11 designed proteins the positive values of ΔΔG > 0.5, suggest unfavourable mutations, thus the resultant designed proteins are unstable. Though, in 171 designed proteins the ΔΔG is <-1.0 suggesting the results suggest mutations lead to the stable conformation of designed proteins. The results suggest that of all the 380 designed proteins 11 showed highly unfavourable, 69 less favourable and 270 showed favourable folding-unfolding transformations.
Green energy management in DC microgrids enhanced with Robust Model Predictive Control and Muddled Tuna Swarm MPPT
Authors: Buchibabu P. , Somlal Jarupula
Published: June 2023

In recent years, extreme focus on renewable energy has intensified due to environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel supplies. In a DC micro grid that includes photovoltaic (PV), wind, and battery storage systems, this research proposes an integrated strategy for energy management and battery management. The Robust Model Predictive Control (RMPC) method is proposed to deal with uncertainties and disturbances while offering the best possible control options. A comparison of the two algorithms reveals that the RMPC performs better than the conventional MPC method. To harvest the most solar electricity from the PV system, a sophisticated MPPT optimisation technique called Muddled Tuna Swarm Optimisation (MTSO) is applied. Drone Squadron Optimisation (DSO) and Slime Mould Optimisation (SMO) are outperformed by MTSO in terms of dynamic performance, effectively monitoring the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV system, and increasing overall energy output. The suggested RMPC approach and MTSO technique are effective in achieving optimal energy and battery management as well as maximum solar power extraction, according to the simulation findings. On the OPAL-RT platform, real-time simulation is used to test the control strategy.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulate brain networks effective connectivity patterns in the spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liang Xuhong , Xue Chen , Zheng Darui , Yuan Qianqian , Qi Wenzhang , Ruan Yiming , chen Shanshan , Song Yu , Wu Huimin , Xiao Chaoyong , Chen Jiu
Published: June 2023

Background
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are considered as the spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), with abnormal brain network connectivity as the main neuroimaging features. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proven to be an effective non-invasive technique for neuropsychiatric disorders. This article aims to explore whether precuneus (PCUN)-targeted rTMS can regulate the effective connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and the executive control network (CEN), thereby improving cognitive function.
Methods
This study included 86 healthy controls (HCs), 72 SCDs, and 86 aMCIs. Among them, 10 SCDs and 11 aMCIs received a 2-week rTMS course of 5-day, once-daily. Cross-sectional analysis with the spectral dynamic causal model (spDCM) was used to analyze the DMN and CEN effective connectivity patterns of the three groups. Afterwards, longitudinal analysis was conducted on the changes in effective connectivity patterns and cognitive function before and after rTMS for SCD and aMCI, and the correlation between them was analyzed.
Results
Cross-sectional analysis showed that there were different effective connectivity patterns in the DMN and CEN in the three groups. Longitudinal analysis showed that the effective connectivity pattern of the SCD changed, accompanied by episodic memory improved. Correlation analysis showed that effective connectivity from the left angular gyrus (ANG) to the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and the ANG.R to the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was negatively correlated with visuospatial and executive function, respectively. In the aMCI, episodic memory and executive function improved, while the effective connectivity pattern remained unchanged.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that PCUN-targeted rTMS of SCD regulating the abnormal effective connectivity patterns of DMN and CEN improves cognition function, while in aMCI possibly through other mechanisms. Our findings further suggest that rTMS are more effective at preventing or delaying disease progression earlier in the AD spectrum.
Trial registration
CCTR, ChiCTR2000034533. Registered 9 July 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn
A brief intervention to promote HPV vaccine initiation among young women attending federally supported clinics: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Kim Su Kyung , Kornides Melanie , Chittams Jesse , Waas Roshani , DeSenna Amanda , Anglin Onika , Teising Sara , Duncan Rebecca , Teitelman Anne M.
Published: June 2023

Approximately 90% of HPV-associated cancers are preventable with HPV vaccination, yet uptake is suboptimal, particularly among minority and low-income young women. A theory-based intervention (Step Up to Prevention) was developed to enhance knowledge and promote favorable attitudes about HPV vaccination among young women aged 18-26 attending federally supported clinics. This mixed-method study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. We presented the brief intervention to participants before their scheduled clinic visit and measured the impact on HPV vaccine uptake. We offered the information and tailored components of the intervention together and separately and compared them to usual care. Women (n=60) were randomized into four groups (computerized information, 1-to-1 tailored, combined, and usual care). They responded to pre/post-surveys before and immediately after the intervention and after their clinic visit. Significant differences in initial HPV vaccine uptake were observed among all intervention groups as compared to usual care (computerized information (p=0.006), 1-to-1 tailored (p=0.007), combined (p=0.043)). The qualitative findings suggest the various components of the intervention were all acceptable highlighting aspects that were empowering and informative. Results suggest this intervention has potential efficacy to provide additional support to providers and patients by promoting favorable views and improving health literacy among young women about HPV vaccination.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02046265
A new way of analyzing malaria data: A non-stationary geostatistical modeling approach
Authors: Ejigu Bedilu Alamirie , Moraga Paula
Published: June 2023

Geostatistical models are widely used to analyze malaria data, and obtain spatial predictions at un-sampled locations based on the First Law of Geography (close things in space are more similar than distant things). When environmental covariates affect not only the mean of the underlying process under investigation but also its covariance structure, stationary models for spatial prediction are questionable. In this paper, we illustrate how to incorporate spatially referenced environmental risk-factors into the covariance function to model non-stationary patterns of malaria risk. Specifically, we demonstrate the suggested modelling framework with a case study of malaria prevalence in Mozambique where we compare a non-stationary model with dependence structure governed by precipitation to the standard stationary model. Results reveal that non-stationary geostatistical modeling approaches are more useful to model the non-stationary patterns of malaria. Further the predication malaria risk map based on the non-stationary modeling approach show that in many part of the country (especially in the eastern part) malaria prevalence is above 30%. The demonstrated non-stationary modeling approach will play a great role for malaria elimination.
Epidemiological study of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and related risk factors for the footwear industry in China
Authors: Zhang Huadong , Chen Fengqiong , Deng Huaxin , Yang Di , Li Xiaoping , Cao Lei , Ran Ruihong , Jia Ning , Wang Zhongxu , Liu Yimin , Chen Jianchao , Fang Xinglin , Liu Yongquan , Shen Bo
Published: June 2023

Object:
To explore the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among footwear industry workers in China, thereby providing a scientific basis for implementing health interventions.
Methods
Following a cross-sectional epidemiological survey method, modified Chinese version of the WMSDs Questionnaire was adopted to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and related risk factors such as ergonomic load and psychosocial factors, among all workers in 26 footwear factories across China from 2018 to 2020. The data were statistically analyzed with chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
A total of 7106 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of WMSDs among footwear workers was 36.8%, and the symptoms mostly occurred in the neck (23.9%), shoulders (19.3%), and hands (14.9%). The Chi-square test revealed 26 factors that significantly differed from the prevalence of WMSDs (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (OR = 1.348, 95%CI:1.122–1.621, P < 0.01), marital status (OR = 1.822, 95%CI:1.320–2.515, P < 0.01), physical conditions (OR = 1.423, 95%CI:1.302–1.555, P < 0.01), working in an uncomfortable position (OR = 1.371, 95%CI:1.261–1.491, P < 0.01), cold or temperature variations at work (OR = 1.350, 95%CI:1.184–1.540, P < 0.01), working outdoors (OR = 1.324, 95%CI: 1.017–1.724, P < 0.05), and multiple repetitive operations per minute (OR = 1.207, 95%CI:1.150–1.268, P < 0.01) were key risk factors in the prevalence of WMSDs. By contrast, monthly income (OR = 0.728, 95% CI:0.667–0.794, p < 0.01) was a protective factor for WMSDs.
Conclusion
WMSDs show high prevalence among footwear industry worker and are associated with gender, marital status, uncomfortable position, variable temperatures, working outdoors, and multiple repetitive operations. Preventive measures on the basis of these risk factors should be implemented to reduce the adverse effects on the health of footwear industry workers.
Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods of bovine origin in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gugsa Getachew , Weldeselassie Million , Tsegaye Yisehak , Awol Nesibu , Kumar Ashwani , Ahmed Meselu , Abebe Nigus , Taddele Habtamu , Bsrat Abrha
Published: June 2023

Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging and major zoonotic foodborne pathogen with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains which may results in sporadic cases to serious outbreaks in the whole world. Cattle have been identified as a major reservoir of the pathogen. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 from raw milk, yogurt, and meat of bovine origin and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014-June 2015 and a total of 284 milk and meat were collected from different sources in Mekelle. The collected samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coliO157:H7 and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern following the standard bacteriological and molecular techniques and procedures, and antimicrobial sensitivity test.
Results: Out of the total 284 samples, 70(24.64%) were positive bacteriologically to E. coli and 14.29% were found to be Shiga toxin-producing E. coliO157:H7. All (100%) E. coli isolates carried the pal and 41.67% eae gene (EHEC). Of these EHEC isolates 40% and 60% were positive for stx1 and stx2, respectively. E. coliisolates were showed the highest level of sensitivity for Gentamycin (91.7%) but the highest level of resistance to Amoxicillin (95.8%). Of the testedisolates, 18(75%) of E. coli showed multiple antimicrobial resistance.
Conclusions: The current study revealed the occurrence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coliO157:H7 in foods of bovine origin in the study area. So, there is a chance of acquiring infection via the consumption of raw or undercooked food of bovine origin. Thus, awareness creation should be made on foodborne disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 with due consideration on the safe handling and consumption of food of animal origin.
Frac Sand Facilities and Their Potential Effects on the Groundwater Resources of the Monahans-Mescalero Sand Ecosystem, Permian Basin, Texas
Authors: Mace Robert , Jones Chelsea
Published: June 2023

Up until the end of the oil and gas boom in 2014, much of the sand used in the Permian Basin for hydraulic fracturing was sourced from upper Midwest of the United States. Because of substantial cost savings, producers in the Permian Basin began using local sand resources, creating an associated boom in local frac-sand mining in the Monahans-Mescalaro Sand Ecosystem. By December 2018, 17 frac-sand operations had registered with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality with 16 being operational with a cumulative annual capacity of 56.8 million tons and a self-reported 2,927 acres of disturbed land. We identified 230 production wells for the 16 facilities with depths ranging from 80 to 1,199 feet and most completed in the Pecos Valley Alluvium and/or Dockum aquifers. Estimated frac sand facility water use (10,000 to 40,000 acre-feet per year, based on 60 to 250 gallons of water consumed per ton of produced sand) rivals or exceeds that of water used in the four counties (Crane, Ector, Ward, and Winkler) with active frac sand facilities (23,500 acre-feet per year). Modeling suggests that long-term pumping of the unconfined Pecos Valley Aquifer may be a challenge requiring additional wells over time or the use of alternative water supplies. For the confined Dockum Aquifer, simulations suggest that pumping might completely deplete artesian pressure at the well field after 10 years.
Cash flow volatility and leverage: Evidence from non-financial Jordanian companies
Authors: Fawzi Shubita Mohammad
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the relationship between cash flow volatility and leverage in Jordanian firms. The research purpose is to investigate whether cash flow volatility affects a company’s capital structure in Jordan. Panel data analysis is used in this study for a sample of 72 shareholder non-financial companies in Jordan from 2009 to 2020. The findings show that cash flow volatility has a significant link with leverage, indicating that companies with higher cash flow volatility tend to use more debt financing. In addition, the study finds that firm size, return on assets, and tangibility are positively associated with leverage, while growth is not significantly related. The study suggests that firms in Jordan should take cash flow volatility in consideration when making capital structure decisions.
The study provides evidence that cash flow volatility is a vital determinant of leverage in Jordanian companies. The findings suggest that managers should consider the cash flow volatility effect on the capital structure alternatives of their firms.
AcknowledgmentI want to thank Amman Arab University for its support.
Internal risk assessment of whole process engineering consulting consortium based on GRA-TOPSIS-FMEA
Authors: Du Jinjian , Chu Jianyu
Published: June 2023

In order to select key risk factors, effectively control risks, and promote the smooth development of the whole process of engineering consulting consortium, Based on WBS-RBS risk identification in the whole process of engineering consulting, this paper introduces FMEA model, applies rough set and binary semantics to evaluate risk from multiple dimensions of occurrence, severity and difficulty to detect, and uses G1-improved CRITIC to calculate the comprehensive weight of risk evaluation factors, and then severity is revised based on DEMATEL. The GRA-TOPSIS model is constructed for risk ranking. Finally, the model is applied to a road network project and the analysis shows that communication and coordination risk, termination risk and schedule risk are the key risks. The model is suitable for risk assessment in the joint body and provides a feasible method for risk control in the whole process of engineering consulting consortia.
Longitudinal deformation of Shield tunnel based on construction monitoring data
Authors: Yao Wenkang
Published: June 2023

The rapid development of urbanization has changed the traffic and transportation in the central area. The change of the surrounding rock and structural stress state of the project under construction caused by the tunnel construction in the same period has caused great harm to its safe use and casualties. Shield construction technology can achieve safe excavation and lining, with high degree of automation. And it is a relatively common construction method at present. But its adaptability to section size and section environmental conditions is poor. In view of this, from the analysis of construction monitoring data, the study established a longitudinal model considering lateral effects from the perspective of lateral characteristics. It also achieved stress assessment and improvement through lateral deformation calculation, segment ring bolt calculation and formula correction. The experimental results showed that the opening at the circumferential seam of the right line of the test tunnel under this method is 8.9 mm. The radius of curvature is 758 mm, and the safety assessment level of longitudinal deformation is 3. This method can effectively guarantee the safety of shield tunnel construction and has good guiding value for tunnel management and maintenance.
PRODUCTIVIDAD LECHERA EN VACAS HOLSTEIN DE LA CUENCA DE LIMA – PERÚ
Authors: Pallete P. Agustín , García S. María , Cespedes E. Pablo , Rodríguez S. Zoila
Published: June 2023

Una de las principales zonas lecheras del país es la cuenca de Lima, que tiene un clima templado marítimo y ha mostrado un buen desarrollo ganadero en las últimas décadas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características productivas y reproductivas de vacas lecheras Holstein en la cuenca lechera de Lima. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Servicio Oficial de Productividad Lechera de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Esta investigación incluye 49125 lactaciones de vacas Holstein pertenecientes a 48 establos durante el periodo de 1990 al 2000. La estadística descriptiva muestra promedios y errores estándar, y el modelo estadístico evaluó los efectos del año de parto y del número de parto en la producción de leche. Los resultados promedio obtenidos fueron: lactación por campaña 7053 litros de leche con una duración de 334 días, lactación en 305 días con 7166 litros de leche. Las características reproductivas fueron: edad al primer parto de 28 meses, edad a la máxima producción de 72 meses, edad promedio de 50 meses, periodo de seca de 82.3 días e intervalo entre partos de 14.3 meses. El año de parto y el número de parto mostraron una diferencia altamente significativa (P < 0.01) en todas las características productivas y reproductivas evaluadas. Se concluye que los niveles de productividad lechera en la cuenca de Lima se han incrementado a través de los 11 años del estudio de 1990 hasta el 2000, lo cual es el reflejo de las buenas prácticas de manejo realizadas por los ganaderos, y que han contribuido al desarrollo de la ganadería lechera.
Current Landscape of Therapeutics for the Management of Hypertension -
A Review
Authors: Fatima Neda , Ashique Sumel , Upadhyay Aakash , Kumar Shubneesh , Kumar Himanshu , Kumar Nitish , Kumar Prashant
Published: June 2023

Hypertension is a critical health problem. It is also the primary reason for coronary heart
disease, stroke, and renal vascular disease. The use of herbal drugs in the management of any disease is
increasing. They are considered the best immune booster to fight against several types of diseases. To
date, the demand for herbal drugs has been increasing because of their excellent properties. This review
highlights antihypertensive drugs, polyphenols, and synbiotics for managing hypertension. Evidence is
mounting in favour of more aggressive blood pressure control with reduced adverse effects, especially
for specific patient populations. This review aimed to present contemporary viewpoints and novel
treatment options, including cutting-edge technological applications and emerging interventional and
pharmaceutical therapies, as well as key concerns arising from several years of research and epidemiological
observations related to the management of hypertension.
Apis mellifera syriaca Venom Modulates Splenic Cytokines Levels in
BALB/c Mice
Authors: Sahyoun Christina , Khoury Miriam , Mouawad Charbel , Darazy Dalida , Roufayel Rabih , Mattei César , Fajloun Ziad , Legros Christian , Karam Marc
Published: June 2023

Bee venoms are well-known for their important biological activities. More specifically, the
venom of Apis mellifera syriaca was shown to exhibit various biological effects, including antimicrobial
effects. It is suggested that the anti-microbial effect of venom could be accompanied by an
immunomodulatory response in the host favoring anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, in this work, we
investigated, for the first time, the immunomodulatory effects of A. mellifera syriaca venom in mice.
Firstly, it was found that this venom exhibited mild toxicity in BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection
with an LD50 of 3.8 mg/kg. We then investigated its immunomodulatory effects by evaluating the
splenic levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice by ELISA. Interestingly, at 1
mg/kg, A. mellifera syriaca venom induced a decrease in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 at 24h postinjection.
At a higher dose (3 mg/kg), an increase in IFN-γ and IL-4 levels was observed, while the
levels of TNF-α and IL-10 remained low compared to the control. Altogether, these preliminary data
suggest that A. mellifera syriaca venom exhibits anti-inflammatory effects at a sublethal dose (1
mg/kg), while at a higher dose (3 mg/kg), it induces inflammatory effects.
Friction and Wear Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Design
of Surface Microstructure Parameters of Unfolding Wheel based on
Experiment and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Yan Yubin , Gu Yanguang , Tong Yuanqi
Published: June 2023

Objective:

In order to improve the friction-increasing and wear-reducing performance of
the unfolding wheel surface, the surface microstructure of the unfolding wheel used in the detection
of 8 kinds of steel balls was optimized by parameter matching.

Method:

Firstly, based on Hertz's theory, the contact area between steel balls of different sizes and
the unfolding wheel are analyzed. The wear depth model is established based on Archard adhesive
wear model. Secondly, the appropriate microstructure parameters for friction and wear experiments
were selected. The finite element analysis software is used to simulate the stress on the surface of
the microstructure unfolding wheel and calculate the wear depth. According to the experimental
results, the relationship between friction coefficient, wear depth and microstructure parameters is
obtained by data fitting, and the objective function of optimization design is established. Finally,
based on the genetic algorithm DNSGA-II and Python, the parameters are optimized, and the optimal
solution is obtained by using the TOPSIS method.

Results:

The feasibility of the simulation method is verified by friction and wear experiments, and
the correctness of the optimization method is verified. Some existing patents on friction and wear of
microstructure surfaces are introduced, and the future development of this field is prospected

Conclusion:

The research shows that the optimal parameters matching of microstructure for steel
ball diameters of Ф16.6688 mm~Ф22.2250 mm: the shape is rhombus; the area of a single pit is
close to the contact area, which is 0.0319 mm2 ~ 0.0554 mm2; the pit depth is 145 μm~150 μm, and
the surface density of microstructure is (5.4~5.6) /mm2.
Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Disorders
Authors: Petrikovsky Boris M. , Cohen Harris L.
Published: June 2023

Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Disorders reviews key points in obstetrics/maternal fetal medicine imagery analysis of the pregnant uterus and its contents. Specifically, chapters cover ultrasound of different fetal organs, physiological systems and diseases. The authors also provide radiological correlation to help the obstetrician, pediatrician, radiologist, and other specialists know the basics and some more advanced concepts that will allow diagnosis of fetal abnormality, and what those findings mean to the patient and their families vis-a-vis the fetus in their pregnancy. It is ,therefore, a handbook that helps medical residents and professionals to assess cases in real-time or to review a given clinical problem.

Key Features

- 13 structured chapters covering key topics related to the ultrasound of different fetal organs, physiological systems and diseases

- Evidence-based presentation through detailed images and references

- Portability and practical information on general and differential diagnostics to consider in fetal and uterine examinations.

- Useful information for medical and genetic counseling affected mothers and couples

The book is intended for a broad readership in medicine including medical students, specialty trainees and attending physicians in obstetrics, pediatrics, radiology, and subspecialty trainees in maternal fetal medicine, neonatology, ultrasound imaging. Medical professionals in allied fields including sonography, family practice, and genetic counseling will also benefit from the information presented in the book.
Sex education: Knowledge, comfort, motivation, and involvement of elementary school teachers in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Anice Anice de Campos Passaro , Serrão Carla , Marques Amélia Pasqual
Published: June 2023

The degree of knowledge, comfort, motivation, and involvement of elementary school teachers in promoting sex education (SE) in schools must be evaluated by considering their age, initial academic foundation in SE, and religious beliefs. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 teachers in Brazil, most of whom were women (77.53%) and Catholic (47.73%). The data revealed moderate knowledge, high comfort, high motivation, and insufficient involvement in pedagogical practice, but sufficient as pedagogical function. No relationship was observed between the teachers’ age and their initial academic education for the variables analyzed, but religious beliefs influenced all the variables except for comfort. Teachers presented moderate knowledge regarding legislation and ministerial guidelines on SE and high comfort and motivation in approaching the theme of SE. The study found moderate practical involvement in specific SE actions, and the teachers agreed that it was their responsibility to be involved. Religious beliefs significantly affected the variables studied. This study expands the theme of SE beyond purely biological and preventive aspects. Regarding education, it contributes to research by generating attitudinal and behavioral data in addition to exclusively qualitative ones, bridging the gap between health and education.