bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal staggered-grid finite-difference schemes based on the minimax approximation method with the Remez algorithm
Authors: Yang Lei , Yan Hongyong , Liu Hong
Published: December 2016

Finite-difference (FD) schemes, especially staggered-grid FD (SFD) schemes, have been widely implemented for wave extrapolation in numerical modeling, whereas the conventional approach to compute the SFD coefficients is based on the Taylor-series expansion (TE) method, which leads to unignorable great errors at large wavenumbers in the solution of wave equations. We have developed new optimal explicit SFD (ESFD) and implicit SFD (ISFD) schemes based on the minimax approximation (MA) method with a Remez algorithm to enhance the numerical modeling accuracy. Starting from the wavenumber dispersion relations, we derived the optimal ESFD and ISFD coefficients by using the MA method to construct the objective functions, and solve the objective functions with the Remez algorithm. We adopt the MA-based ESFD and ISFD coefficients to solve the spatial derivatives of the elastic-wave equations and perform numerical modeling. Numerical analyses indicated that the MA-based ESFD and ISFD schemes can overcome the disadvantages of conventional methods by improving the numerical accuracy at large wavenumbers. Numerical modeling examples determined that under the same discretizations, the MA-based ESFD and ISFD schemes lead to greater accuracy compared with the corresponding conventional ESFD or ISFD scheme, whereas under the same numerical precision, the shorter operator length can be adopted for the MA-based ESFD and ISFD schemes, so that the computation time is further decreased.
“Neither Art Itself nor Life Itself”: Gaudy Night, the Detective Novel, and the Middlebrow
Authors: Bogen Anna
Published: December 2016

Critics of Dorothy L. Sayers's novel Gaudy Night have mostly read the text's idiosyncrasies positively in terms of both literary quality and feminist politics, often regarding it as heralding the partial breakthrough of its author into the ranks of more serious literary fiction. This article argues that Gaudy Night's departures from detective story convention represent more than a successful leap into the “highbrow” or a pioneering defense of women's education. Instead, they reflect a complex and problematic engagement with the early twentieth-century middlebrow phenomenon of the “Oxford novel” and, in particular, the relation between this literary form and the sexualized construction of the women's college in popular culture. The article starts by recontextualizing Sayers's work within the “Battle of the Brows” of the 1930s and then examines the specific case of Gaudy Night against this background, arguing that the novel explicitly teases its readership through a canny awareness of the exploitative sexual possibilities represented by the Oxford novel tradition and the popular press. Finally, it argues that these characteristics mean that we should resituate Gaudy Night at the center of 1930s debates over the term middlebrow, suggesting that the novel is valuable not just because it aspires to raise the status of detective fiction but because it highlights the complexity of the connections between representation, reception, and perceived literary quality.
The Ordinary Celebrity and the Celebrated Ordinary in 1930s Modernist Memoirs
Authors: Rosenquist Rod
Published: December 2016

With an examination of a number of memoirs by and about modernist authors and artists published during the 1930s, this article raises questions about the complex relationship between the high-art subjects of these volumes and the popular forms of gossip and celebrity anecdote that make them marketable to a broad new audience for modernism. First revealing how literary life writing of the 1930s establishes its place in the historical developments of the genre, from “table talk” to autobiography to celebrity gossip, the article then argues that a key tension at the heart of memoirs by modernist writers is between the celebrated or elevated subject matter and the ordinary or everyday approaches of the modernist aesthetic. In some memoirs, particularly those authored by celebrity modernists themselves, including Gertrude Stein, Ford Madox Ford, and Wyndham Lewis, the high-art subject matter is framed by mundane matters and the daily lives of the exceptional artists, placing genius authors in the most generic situations. In other cases, as with work by Robert McAlmon and Malcolm Cowley, the celebrity figures with whom the memoir writers come into contact are made to look effectively ordinary, thereby deflating the celebrity value achieved through publicity and literary reputation based on the cultural value of the author. The combination of popular celebrity gossip and the modernist interest in daily life thus draws together the high and the low, the aesthetic and the popular, repackaging the modernist experience for a new audience.
The Bildungsroman After Individualism: Ellen Glasgow's Communitarian Alternative
Authors: Walker Rafael
Published: December 2016

This essay argues that Ellen Glasgow's 1925 novel Barren Ground is an attempt to adapt literary realism, perennially viewed as the handmaiden of liberal individualism, to an age in which individualism was being replaced by more corporate and associational paradigms. To do so, Glasgow modifies the bildungsroman, one of the most pervasive permutations of the realist novel, to narrate two revolutionary histories: the story of its heroine's development of a communitarian outlook and sense of herself and the story of the realist novel shedding its individualism-inflected past. The essay contends that Barren Ground's three parts—“Broomsedge,” “Pine,” and “Life-Everlasting”—correspond both to different stages in the heroine's development and to different phases in the history of the Anglo-American novel. Through examining Glasgow's novel in relation to her other writings, contemporary trends in literature and philosophy, and, more briefly, more recent debates in political philosophy, the essay demonstrates that Glasgow was much more cosmopolitan and historically minded than former treatments of her work (which stress her southern heritage) have led us to believe. Finally, the essay suggests that Barren Ground offers an approach to artistic innovation that differs significantly from the aggressive, iconoclastic experimentation characteristic of the generation of writers just coming into their own at the time of Barren Ground's publication, the modernists.
The Object or the Fact? The Political Aesthetics of Interwar Reportage
Authors: Zubel Marla
Published: December 2016

This essay examines the ways divergent theories of materiality influenced the practices and critical assessments of literary reportage in primarily two interwar avant-garde movements—German New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit) and Soviet Factography. The essay turns first to the reportage writing of Joseph Roth and Ilya Ehrenburg as representative examples of the conceptualizations of the “object” and the “fact” put forward by these movements, and the second half of the essay shows how and to what political effect works of reportage by Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin blur these philosophical and aesthetic distinctions. In doing so it demonstrates how interwar Marxist debates about the representation of object-ness in avant-garde literature might help assess the theoretical viability of the new materialist thought for literary studies today.
Formal Representation of Incidence Conditions in Multidimensional Projective Spaces
Authors: Юрков  , Yurkov V.
Published: December 2016

Synthetic and analytical methods are usually used to investigate multidimensional spaces and sets of subspaces. Shortcomings of a synthetic method — the appeal to spatial imagination and the researcher´s intuition, impossibility of formalization, need of creation of big and complex logical constructions don´t allow to go beyond four-dimensional space, with rare exceptions. The theory of enumerative geometry submitted as geometry of conditions with a basic element – a multidimensional flags incidence condition allows solve many problems which up to now were considered as insoluble ones. The simplest of such problems is a classical problem for calculation of final number of given space’s subspaces meeting the set of given conditions (the normal problem of algebraic geometry). A more serious problem – calculation a number and values of algebraic characteristics for given variety in given space. For this problem solution it was necessary to develop a formalized method, as well as technique algorithmization. This problem has been solved by professor. V.Ya. Volkov in his doctoral dissertation by means of developed by him so-called e-calculations. For an understanding of e-calculation fundamentals or calculation of Schubert conditions a rather good mathematical background and method promotion are necessary. The last demands consideration of various approaches to conditions calculation problem. In the present paper are considered the simplest cases of a tabular method for conditions calculation, in relation to conditions of incidence which is understood in a general sense. Calculation of one-, two- and ((k + 1) (n – k) – 1)-dimensional conditions are considered. Conditions calculation formalization and incidence conditions reduction are explained. The problem about a final number of straight lines crossing the set number of k-planes in n-dimensional space is considered as an example. In particular, the problem about a number of straight lines crossing some number of the set straight lines can be correct only in three- and four-dimensional spaces. Conditions of the minimum multiplicity equal to three exist only in (3k + 1)-dimensional spaces. Conditions of the multiplicity equal to four exist only in odd dimensionality spaces. And so on. The concrete number of straight lines in all cases can be counted by reduction of the corresponding conditions.
Geometric Simulation and Descriptive Geometry
Authors: Сальков  , Sal'kov Nikolay
Published: December 2016

Geometric simulation is creation of a geometric model, whose properties and characteristics in a varying degree determine the subject of investigation’s properties and characteristics. The geometric model is a special case of the mathematical model. The feature of the geometric model is that it will always be a geometric figure, and therefore, by its very nature, is visual. If the mathematical model is a set of equations, which says little to an ordinary engineer, the geometric model as representation of the mathematical model and as the geometric figure itself, enables to "see" this set. Any geometric model can be represented graphically. Graphical model of an object is a mapping of its geometric model onto a plane (or other surface). Therefore, the graphical model can be considered as a special case of the geometric model. Graphical models are very various – these are graphics, and graphical structures of immense complexity, reflecting spatial geometric figures. These are drawings of geometric figures, simulating processes of all kinds. The simulation goes on as follows. According to known geometric and differential criteria the geometric model is executed. Then a mathematical model is composed based on the geometric model, finally a computer program is compiled on the mathematical model. As a result of consideration in this paper the process of obtaining the geometric models of surface and linear forms for auto-roads it is possible to make a following conclusion. For geometric simulation and the consequent mathematical one the descriptive geometry involvement is vital. Just the descriptive geometry is used both on the initial and final stages of design.
Descriptive Geometry As Theory of Images
Authors: Сальков  , Sal'kov Nikolay
Published: December 2016

In April 2016 at the All-Russian seminar "Geometry

and Graphics", dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the birth of

Glazunov Yevgeny Alexandrovich on a replica of one of the

N.A. Salkov paper authors that descriptive geometry is the theory

of images, the speaker somehow ambiguously stated that it is not

quite so. How, in his opinion, was the case, he did not wish to

disclose. Moreover, some graphic disciplines teachers believe descriptive

geometry unworthy of study because some of them only

known causes. They do not understand that descriptive geometry

is the theory of images, and images are everywhere, right down to

the computer screen. There is no such area of the human labor

application where this or that image wouldn´t be applied. Images

are ubiquitous! That is why descriptive geometry as a theory of images should be studied not only in the artistic and technical high

educational institutions, but in all ones of Russia. In proposed

paper there are numerous examples of the classics (and not only

of them), expressed oneself on a subject of descriptive geometry.

All statements (of Gaspard Monge, academician N.F. Chetverukhin,

professors A.I. Dobryakov, E.A. Glazunov, V.O. Gordon, G.S.

Ivanov, S.M. Kolotov, V.A. Peklich, N.A. Rynin, S.A. Frolov, etc.)

are reduced to one and the same: a projection is an image, and

descriptive geometry is the theory of images. A diagram showing

that descriptive geometry’s interest area includes not only drawing,

but also thirteen other sections, has been presented.
From «branch offices» to the «isolated divisions» - the history of the formation
Authors: Чернова Ксения , Chernova Kseniya
Published: December 2016

Presented article is devoted to consideration of the reasons for the emergence of isolated divisions of legal person, analysis of normative acts regulating their activities at different stages of the historical development of civil law for the purpose of detecting the most stable features for further development of this legal Institute
Efficiency of the disulfide of molybdenum as the antifrictional component of lubricant oils.
Authors: Шупиков Игорь , Shupikov Igor , Горленко Александр , Gorlenko Aleksandr , Прудников Максим , Prudnikov Maksim
Published: December 2016

Possibilities of a disulfide of molybdenum on improvement the tribologicheskikh of indicators of lubricant oils, complex effect from application of dispersion of Molykote M-55 as an additive to lubricant oil are described. Results of tribotechnical tests of cylindrical samples by the normalized method with use of the automated system of scientific researches are given.
Acoustics gas pumping units horsepower range 10 ... 12 MW
Authors: Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey , Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey
Published: December 2016

Examined the acoustic characteristics of gas pumping units (GPU) horsepower series 10 ... 12 MW of electricity and gas turbine drive.
Optimization of laws of motion of manipulation robots for modeling the dynamics.
Authors: Крахмалев Олег , Krakhmalev Oleg , Медведев Дмитрий , Medvedev Dmitriy , Петрешин Дмитрий , Petreshin Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

A method for optimizing the laws of motion manipulation robots. The method is based on the analysis of inertial forces.
Optimal design of hydraulic turning mechanisms of the pistoning type of crane facilities of multipurpose hoisting machines.
Authors: Лагерев Александр , Lagerev Aleksandr , Лагерева Елена , Lagereva Elena
Published: December 2016

Formulated and solved the problem of conditional nonlinear optimization in the design of the hydraulic turning mechanisms with the minimum weight of the crane facilities of multipurpose hoisting machines.
Dynamics simulation of bridge crane electromechanical system.
Authors: Лозбинев Владимир , Lozbinev Vladimir , Кочевинов Дмитрий , Kochevinov Dmitriy , Федяева Галина , Fedyaeva Galina , Лозбинев Фёдор , Lozbinev Fedor
Published: December 2016

Presents the methods and results of modeling of dynamic processes controlled movement of the bridge crane with regard to wheel slippage, redistribution vertical loads, horizontal irregularities of rails and other features of the mechanical subsystem based on the combination of software systems Matlab/Simulink and «Universal mechanism».
Analysis of finiteness of solution in the method of extrapolation of expert estimations.
Authors: Шурупова Ирина , Shurupova Irina , Бугаев Юрий , Bugaev Yuriy , Бабаян Михаил , Babayan Mikhail
Published: December 2016

An approach to the analysis of the profile of expert orderings for infinite solutions in the method of extrapolation of expert estimations. A necessary and sufficient condition for the finiteness of utility assessments of alternatives in the method of extrapolation of expert estimations with expert rankings of training sample to ordinal scale and difference ordinal scale was formulated and proved.
Study of the effectiveness of different approaches to the constructionthe space-time mathematical modeling motions of mobile objects.
Authors: Гулаков Василий , Gulakov Vasiliy , Трубаков Евгений , Trubakov Evgeniy
Published: December 2016

This paper describes general approach to the space-time mathematical model in motions of mobile objects. The efficacy and performance of these approaches in monitoring system and basic algorithms were investigated. The choice of modeling approach motion trajectories for some initial conditions was proved
Management concepts engineering enterprises in a dynamic environment of his functioning.
Authors: Коновалова Галина , Konovalova Galina
Published: December 2016

The concept of control engineering company in a dynamic environment for its functioning, in which an association between the object and purpose of activities lyami models, methods and mechanisms of functioning.
Bryansk region in the development of national and international transport corridors.
Authors: Федотенков Дмитрий , Fedotenkov Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

The article considers on the basis of information retrieval transportation system, transport capacity of Russia and the significance of multimodal transport and logistics distribution centers in the country´s transportation system. On the basis on these studies the author considers and substantiates the urgency of forming Bryansk regional transport and logistics system.
Optimizing Student Team and Job Assignments for the Holy Family Academy
Authors: Srinivas Sharan , Alizadeh Mohammadmahdi , Bastian Nathaniel D.
Published: December 2016

Holy Family Academy (HFA) is a private Catholic high school in which funding for students is provided largely by organizations, many of whom sponsor work-study positions for students. Each student must work one day per week. HFA seeks to group its students into teams based on the day of work-study and then assign students to specific jobs. We develop weighted mixed-integer linear goal-programming models as a means of decision support for HFA to assign students to teams for each school year, and to assign each student on each team to a job. The models increase the transparency of student assignments for HFA administrators, while effectively determining well-balanced, diversified student team and job assignments. The decision support tool provides tremendous value to HFA in terms of time and reproducibility, requiring only minutes to solve, rather than weeks. This enables HFA to conduct quick what-if analyses, such as varying the number of students assigned to each team, a task that was impossible to perform manually.
Auctions with Dynamic Costly Information Acquisition
Authors: Golrezaei Negin , Nazerzadeh Hamid
Published: December 2016

We study the mechanism design problem for a seller of an indivisible good in a setting where privately informed buyers can acquire additional information and refine their valuations for the good at a cost. For this setting, we propose optimal (revenue-maximizing) and efficient (welfare-maximizing) mechanisms that induce a right level of investment in information acquisition. We show that because information is costly, in the optimal and even the efficient mechanisms, not all buyers would obtain the additional information. In fact, these mechanisms incentivize buyers with higher initial valuations to acquire information.
California’s drought as opportunity: Redesigning U.S. agriculture for a changing climate
Authors: Morris Katlyn S. , Bucini Gabriela
Published: December 2016

The impacts of climate change are already affecting the production and profitability of agricultural systems, and these trends are expected to continue in the future. Without support from ecosystem functions, an agricultural system designed exclusively to maximize short-term production is vulnerable to extreme weather events such as droughts and floods. This results in high costs for farmers and ultimately for society at large, in economic and ecological terms. Complex agroecosystems that maximize biological interactions and conserve soil are better protected from extreme events, and thus are overall more resilient to climate change. This paper reviews the evidence demonstrating greater resilience on farms that maximize diversity, build soil organic matter, and incorporate other agroecological or ‘sustainable’ practices. We then discuss the current water crisis in California in the context of the vulnerability of our current agricultural systems to climate change, highlighting this as an opportunity to redirect agricultural policies and economic incentives. The projected increase in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes calls for policies that are concerned not only with present crises, but that also encourage a new culture of forward-thinking practices around land and water use. We highlight France’s new Law for the Future of Agriculture, Food and Forestry as an example of national policy supporting agroecology. Applying an agroecological approach to increase resilience will enable the U.S. to tackle the twin challenges of food production and increasing climatic unpredictability.
Incontinence pad absorption and skin barrier creams: a non-patient study
Authors: Dykes Peter , Bradbury Sarah
Published: December 2016

Exposure of the skin to excessive moisture, such as in cases of incontinence, can damage its natural barrier function and lead to tissue damage and breakdown. Common methods for managing incontinence and preventing related skin damage include the use of incontinence pads and the application of skin barrier creams to reduce exposure to moisture and irritants. Previous reports have indicated that barrier creams can transfer onto incontinence pads from the skin and reduce their absorbency, and thus the efficacy of both products. This study, using non-patient volunteers, investigated the effect on incontinence pad absorbency of Medi Derma-S and Medi Derma-Pro; two products from the Medi Skin Protection range, in comparison with other market-leading products. Results indicated that, while there was a small degree of product transfer onto the incontinence pads, this did not have a major impact on the absorption of synthetic urine. Medi Derma-S and Medi Derma-Pro performed consistently with other similar market-leading products.
History taking and physical assessment in holistic palliative care
Authors: Donnelly Marie , Martin Daphne
Published: December 2016

In carrying out a holistic palliative care assessment the palliative care clinical nurse specialist needs to develop the knowledge and skill of history taking and health assessment to make safe and competent decisions with patients regarding the future management of their care. This article examines this process in making a differential diagnosis with particular reference to the respiratory physical examination of a patient with a history of lung cancer using the Calgary–Cambridge Model. The model gives structure to the preparation, history taking, and physical examination (inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation) before explaining, planning and closing the consultation, while considering the palliative patient's and family's individual wishes and goals.
Ineligibility criteria and deprivation of liberty authorisations in the community
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: December 2016

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the circumstances in which a person can be subject to a deprivation of liberty safeguards authorisation in the community
Safe management of ileostomates with high-output stomas
Authors: Goodey Ann , Colman Sharon
Published: December 2016

An ileostomy is where the small bowel is diverted to the abdominal surface resulting in the formation of a stoma. An Ileostomy can be temporary or permanent and produces loose faeces. Some ileostomates can develop high output in the early postoperative stage. Most will resolve, some will require ongoing treatment and management. While patients are monitored closely according to protocol in hospital once discharged into the community, there appears to be little standardisation. A literature search revealed that existing guidelines are for management of patients in the acute care setting. However, if not adequately prepared and monitored, patients with prolonged high output are at risk of complications including dehydration, acute kidney injury and malnutrition. This article discusses the development of a guideline aimed at improving education, monitoring and ultimately improving outcomes for patients with high-output stomas in the community.
Reflecting on the new asthma guidelines for adults
Authors: Bostock-Cox Beverley
Published: December 2016

Understanding the new guidance, with its welcome updates, enables you to provide better care more efficiently, writes Beverly Bostock-Cox
Practical considerations when initiating insulin
Authors: Smyth Teresa , Blackwood Karen
Published: December 2016

Teresa Smyth and Karen Blackwood explain how patients can be kept safe when using insulin
Heart failure in primary care
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: December 2016

Prognosis has improved but 40% of patients die within a year, writes Suneeta Kochhar
Dressings for treating cavity wounds
Authors: Berry D.P. , Bale S. , Harding K.G.
Published: December 2016

Two treatment protocols for the management of patients with non-infected cavity wounds were studied, using data obtained from both the community and the outpatients clinic. Patients were treated with either a polyurethane foam hydrophilic dressing (Allevyn) or a calcium sodium alginate dressing (Kaltostat). Although alginate fibres were found to be incorporated in tissue, both dressing regimes were found to be easy to use, effective and acceptable to patients and clinicians.
Management of pressure sores in a spinal injuries unit
Authors: Günnewicht B.R.
Published: December 2016

A review of high-risk factors in pressure sore development and techniques for preventing sores in patients with acute spinal cord injury
Evaluation of treatments for wounds in clinical trials
Authors: Cullum Nicky
Published: December 2016

An overview of randomised controlled trials focusing on research which has evaluated compression bandaging as a therapy for venous ulceration
The diabetic foot and the role of a multidisciplinary clinic
Authors: Knowles EA , Gem J. , Boulton A.J.M.
Published: December 2016

A report of the success achieved by a multidisciplinary team working in a specialist clinic in reducing the incidence of ulceration and the number of lower limb amputations
The use of cultivated epidermal cell sheets in skin grafting
Authors: Kakibuchi M. , Hosokawa K. , Fujikawa M. , Yoshikawa K.
Published: December 2016

A review of recent developments in the cultivation and preservation of sheets of epidermal cells, which enable successful skin-grafting in cases of extensive burn injuries and non-healing leg ulcers
Using larvae in modern wound management
Authors: Thomas S. , Jones M. , Shutler S. , Jones S.
Published: December 2016

Initial clinical experience in the UK with maggot therapy for the treatment of necrotic or infected wounds has proved very encouraging. Sterile larvae have been reared in the Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory for this purpose. This paper reports the use of larvae in six patients and discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of this form of therapy.
Hydroactive dressings and serum proteins: an in vitro study
Authors: Achterberg V. , Welling C. , Meyer-lngold W.
Published: December 2016

An in vitro approach was used to obtain information about the compatibility of hydroactive dressing materials with the serum proteins which are thought to be relevant to wound healing. Artificial wound fluid was incubated with different hydroactive dressings (Cutinova hydro, Varihesive E, Comfeel Ulcer Dressing and Allevyn), and concentrations of total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin and growth factors were measured after one day of incubation. Cutinova hydro and Allevyn absorbed considerable amounts of fluid. Fluid uptake was lower for the hydrocolloid dressings. An unexpected finding was that Cutinova hydro showed an approximately two-fold increase over control values in the concentration of all proteins tested, indicating a selective absorption of water by this dressing. For the other dressings tested, zero or very low absorption of proteins was found, indicating a basically satisfactory protein compatibility.
The Norton score and pressure sore prevention
Authors: Waterlow J.
Published: December 2016

Three critiques review the classic paper cited below and discuss its influence on the prevention of pressure sores in patients at risk
The Norton score and pressure sore prevention: Critique III
Authors: Gilchrist B.
Published: December 2016

Were you to ask any group of nurses to name the single piece of nursing research which has had most influence on clinical practice, it is likely that a significant number would answer: ‘Norton’. The ‘Norton score’ has already been the subject of considerable comment1-4, and it is not the purpose here to provide a critique of the critics.
Pressure-relieving supports in an ICU
Authors: Gebhardt K.S. , Bliss M.R. , Winwright P.L. , Thomas J.
Published: December 2016

Intensive care wards have a high incidence of pressure sores. This trial, in an eight-bed unit, aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of constant-low-pressure and alternating-pressure support systems for preventing pressure sores.

Patients without sores with a Norton risk score of <13 were allocated to either alternating- or constant-low-pressure supports according to their hospital number. The cheapest supports were used initially, and changed for more sophisticated types if the patient's pressure areas deteriorated.

None of the 23 patients using low-cost alternating-pressure supports developed open sores and only one had to be transferred to a more sophisticated mattress because of persistent erythema. Eleven out of 20 patients on constant-low-pressure mattresses or overlays developed either persistent erythema (three) or sores (eight). Ten were transferred to more expensive support systems. The mean cost of supports per patient in the alternating-pressure group was £44.50 and in the constant-low-pressure group £86.20.
Hand-held Doppler assessment for peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Vowden K.R. , Goulding V. , Vowden P.
Published: December 2016

An update on the use of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound for the measurement of blood pressure and calculation of the ankle brachial pressure index in the assessment of patients with arterial disease
In vitro investigations of a new hydrogel dressing
Authors: Thomas S. , Hay N.P.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the fluid-handling properties of a new hydrogel dressing (Aquaform) and to compare these with the fluid-handling properties of a commonly used hydrogel dressing (Intrasite Gel).

The results of laboratory tests indicate that the new hydrogel can absorb substantial amounts of fluid from simulated wet wounds and donate substantial amounts of fluid to simulated dry or necrotic wounds.

The amount of fluid exchanged in both wound types for the new hydrogel was similar to that for Intrasite Gel.
Defining and measuring quality of life
Authors: Price P.
Published: December 2016

Although many authors have discussed quality of life, the search for a satisfactory definition and objective measurement continues
Quality of life measurement tools
Authors: Reid J.
Published: December 2016

The following three papers describe various measurement tools used to assess the effects of chronic wounds on patients' quality of life
Epidemiological methods in the study of surgical wound infection
Authors: Briggs M.
Published: December 2016

Epidemiology can provide the knowledge necessary to allocate resources appropriately, but awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of different study methods is essential
Special foot clinics for patients with diabetes
Authors: Sibbald R.G. , Kensholme A. , Carter L.
Published: December 2016

Three reviewers consider the paper cited below and discuss its influence on the care of patients with diabetes who develop foot ulceration
Special foot clinics for patients with diabetes: Critique II
Authors: Knowles A.
Published: December 2016

This paper reports the experiences and benefits of a specialist diabetic foot clinic established in the 1980s with a grant from the British Diabetic Association. A three-year prospective study was undertaken of 239 patients attending the clinic with foot ulcers. The introduction of the clinic resulted in a high rate of ulcer healing and a reduced number of major amputations.
Management problems in the care of an infected leg ulcer
Authors: Rossi A. , Wertzberger S.
Published: December 2016

A case report demonstrating how lack of specialist knowledge hampered the treatment of a patient with a leg ulcer which was infected and difficult to heal
A first-aid preparation for burns and scalds
Authors: Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

A report of a laboratory evaluation of a mousse comprising a mixture of paraffin oils and waxes containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (this product has since been reformulated and no longer contains CFCs). The product has been marketed for the first-aid treatment of burn injuries. The cooling abilities of this product are measured and compared with those of other aerosol preparations. The results show that the mousse provides local cooling for at least 10 minutes after application in laboratory conditions.
Vapour-permeable film dressings
Authors: Thomas S.
Published: December 2016

An update on the development of film dressings and how their permeability enables them to be used as secondary dressings to control the loss of moisture vapour during wound healing
The prevalence of bacteria and implications for infection control
Authors: Cooper R. , Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

This article considers the diverse forms of bacteria found in different environments and the measures which need to be considered in the prevention and control of infection
First-aid measures for the treatment of burns and scalds
Authors: Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

An update on the treatment of injuries caused by fire, hot objects or liquids, using cold water and other materials commonly found in the home
Postoperative wound infection
Authors: Leaper D.
Published: December 2016

Three clinicians review the work of Cruse and Foord, cited below, and discuss its effect on current and future practice
The role of antimicrobial agents in wound care
Authors: Cooper R. , Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

This article considers the action of synthetic and natural chemical substances used in the control and destruction of micro-organisms
Compression bandaging in the treatment of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Nelson E.A
Published: December 2016

A guide to the evidence for the effective selection of bandages
The use of metronidazole in the treatment of malodorous wounds
Authors: Hampson J.P.
Published: December 2016

This discussion reviews published papers on the role and action of metronidazole in reducing or eradicating odour from malignant wounds and pressure sores
Diagnosis and management of potential bacterial sepsis in an infant
Authors: Connett Melanie , Arora Lucy
Published: December 2016

This article provides guidance on the assessment, diagnosis and management of sepsis in an infant. The particular considerations when consulting with the parents of a sick infant and the resources available to support paediatric assessment are demonstrated. The challenges of differentiating between a viral or bacterial pathology are presented with consideration of both the safety and wellbeing of the infant, and the principles of antimicrobial stewardship.
Solve the case: It started with a chicken vindaloo
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: December 2016

Rob McKenzie, a 30 year old was fit and well until he had a chicken vindaloo a couple of weeks ago. Now he is ‘a total wreck’, has multiple symptoms and feels as though he has been ‘hit by a truck’. None of this makes any sense to him. This article uses a case history approach to illustrate the diagnosis and treatment of reactive arthritis.
Estimating the Economic Impacts Generated by Small-Scale Wood Pellet Manufacturing in Western North Carolina
Authors: Scouse Adam , McConnell T. Eric , Venditti Richard
Published: December 2016

In an effort to identify opportunities for regional economic development for western North Carolina, this study investigated the economic impacts generated by collocating a 10,500-ton/yr wood pellet mill alongside a 10-million board foot hardwood sawmill in the Asheville–Brevard combined metropolitan statistical area. Using the analysis-by-parts methodology within the input–output analysis framework, a custom production function was built to describe a small-scale pellet manufacturing facility operating alongside a hardwood sawmill. The additional economic effects generated by a pellet mill collocation are described, along with upper and lower bounds that represent potential variability in the estimates caused by raw material price fluctuation. Last, the impacts generated by the collocated mills are compared with a similar increase in demand distributed among all forest products manufacturing sectors existing within the study area. The study found that wood product firms existing within the region had the opportunity to utilize excess woody biomass for pellet production and could diversify their product lines, create additional jobs, and stimulate value-added economic activity for the region.
Next Generation Sequencing of Circulating Cell-Free DNA for Evaluating Mutations and Gene Amplification in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Page Karen , Guttery David S , Fernandez-Garcia Daniel , Hills Allison , Hastings Robert K , Luo Jinli , Goddard Kate , Shahin Vedia , Woodley-Barker Laura , Rosales Brenda M , Coombes R Charles , Stebbing Justin , Shaw Jacqueline A
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer tissues are heterogeneous and show diverse somatic mutations and somatic copy number alterations (CNAs). We used a novel targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel to examine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to detect somatic mutations and gene amplification in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

METHODS

cfDNA from pretreated patients (n = 42) and 9 healthy controls were compared with matched lymphocyte DNA by NGS, using a custom 158 amplicon panel covering hot-spot mutations and CNAs in 16 genes, with further validation of results by droplet digital PCR.

RESULTS

No mutations were identified in cfDNA of healthy controls, whereas exactly half the patients with metastatic breast cancer had at least one mutation or amplification in cfDNA (mean 2, range 1–6) across a total of 13 genes. Longitudinal follow up showed dynamic changes to mutations and gene amplification in cfDNA indicating clonal and subclonal response to treatment that was more dynamic than cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3). Interestingly, at the time of blood sampling disease progression was occurring in 7 patients with erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) gene amplification in their cfDNA and 3 of these patients were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative at diagnosis, suggesting clonal evolution to a more aggressive phenotype. Lastly, 6 patients harbored estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations in cfDNA, suggesting resistance to endocrine therapy. Overall 9 of 42 patients (21%) had alterations in cfDNA that could herald a change in treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Targeted NGS of cfDNA has potential for monitoring response to targeted therapies through both mutations and gene amplification, for analysis of dynamic tumor heterogeneity and stratification to targeted therapy.
Universal Haplotype-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Single Gene Diseases
Authors: Hui Winnie W I , Jiang Peiyong , Tong Yu K , Lee Wing-Shan , Cheng Yvonne K Y , New Maria I , Kadir Rezan A , Chan K C Allen , Leung Tak Y , Lo Y M Dennis , Chiu Rossa W K
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Researchers have developed approaches for the noninvasive prenatal testing of single gene diseases. One approach that allows for the noninvasive assessment of both maternally and paternally inherited mutations involves the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in maternal plasma DNA with reference to parental haplotype information. In the past, parental haplotypes were resolved by complex experimental methods or inferential approaches, such as through the analysis of DNA from other affected family members. Recently, microfluidics-based linked-read sequencing technology has become available and allows the direct haplotype phasing of the whole genome rapidly. We explored the feasibility of applying this direct haplotyping technology in noninvasive prenatal testing.

METHODS

We first resolved the haplotypes of parental genomes with the use of linked-read sequencing technology. Then, we identified SNPs within and flanking the genes of interest in maternal plasma DNA by targeted sequencing. Finally, we applied relative haplotype dosage analysis to deduce the mutation inheritance status of the fetus.

RESULTS

Haplotype phasing and relative haplotype dosage analysis of 12 out of 13 families were successfully achieved. The mutational status of these 12 fetuses was correctly classified.

CONCLUSIONS

High-throughput linked-read sequencing followed by maternal plasma-based relative haplotype dosage analysis represents a streamlined approach for noninvasive prenatal testing of inherited single gene diseases. The approach bypasses the need for mutation-specific assays and is not dependent on the availability of DNA from other affected family members. Thus, the approach is universally applicable to pregnancies at risk for the inheritance of a single gene disease.
Emotions and affects at work on Northern Lights tours
Authors: Heimtun Bente
Published: December 2016

In this article I explore the complexities of emotions and affects imbuing Northern Lights tourism and how this informs the host/guest transactions performed in this context. I do this by focusing on how Northern Lights tour guides – through emotional labour and hospitality – engage with tourists’ emotional expectations and experiences and an atmospheric landscape comprising discursive imaginings of the lights, the elusive and unpredictable aurora, darkness, weather and the arctic landscapes. Data were collected through interviews with both guides and tourists, through written documents (TripAdvisor) and through fieldwork. The findings demonstrated that the guides enacted emotional labour in six, partly overlapping, ways: stepping back, knowledge and expectation clarification, the hunt, entertainment, hostessing and unawareness. They also showed that, regardless of sightings, most tourists were satisfied with their tours. Only a few tourists were really discontented, not because of no-show, but because of the guide’s inability to cater to their different needs in a dark and cold environment.
Reviews
Authors: Higgins-Desbiolles Freya , Slocum Susan L. , Gabay Elizabeth , Vadi Priya , Santos Cristóvão Bomfim Silva Dos , Kaaristo Maarja , Ivanov Stanislav
Published: December 2016

THE FUTURE OF FOOD TOURISM: FOODIES EXPERIENCES, EXCLUSIVITY VISIONS AND POLITICAL CAPITAL, IAN YEOMAN, UNA MCMAHON-BEATTIE, KEVIN FIELDS, JULIA ALBRECHT AND KEVIN MEETHAN (EDS) (2015) Bristol, Channel View, xviii + 286 pp., ISBN: 9781845415372, p/bk, £34.95

EDIBLE IDENTITIES: FOOD AS CULTURAL HERITAGE, RONDA L. BRULOTTE AND MICHAEL A. DI GIOVINE (EDS) (2014) Farnham, Ashgate, xiii + 237 pp., ISBN: 9781409442639, h/bk, £70.00

CONTEMPORARY WINE STUDIES: DANCING WITH BACCHUS, GARETH MORGAN AND RICHARD TRESIDDER (2016) Abingdon: Routledge, xxiv + 223 pp., ISBN: 9781138784451, p/bk, £28.95

AT THE CHEF’S TABLE: CULINARY CREATIVITY IN ELITE RESTAURANTS, VANINA LESCHZINER (2015) Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, xiv + 256 pp., ISBN: 9780804787970, h/bk, £32.00

TRUST, TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING, ROBIN NUNKOO AND STEPHEN L. J. SMITH (EDS) (2015) Abingdon: Routledge, xiv + 186 pp., ISBN: 9780415826013, h/bk, £85.00

RESEARCHING HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM, BOB BROTHERTON (2015) 2nd ed., London: Sage, 336 pp., ISBN: 9781446287552, p/bk, £27.99

PLANNING RESEARCH IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM, LEVENT ALTINAY, ALEXANDROS PARASKEVAS AND SOOCHEONG (SHAWN) JANG (2016) 2nd ed., London and New York: Routledge, 331 pp., ISBN: 9781138852167, p/bk, £32.99
Epistemic communities: Extending the social justice outcomes of community music for asylum seekers and refugees in Australia
Authors: Sunderland Naomi , Graham Phil , Lenette Caroline
Published: December 2016

This article reflects on the many diverse professionals who often come together around complex community music programmes to exercise and voice their own values and commitment to social justice and to work together to make a change more broadly in society. Drawing on a qualitative case study of an Australian refugee and asylum-seeker music programme, we argue that such diverse and values oriented music facilitation teams and their surrounding networks can be productively conceptualized, developed and evaluated as ‘epistemic communities’. Epistemic communities consist of diverse professional and academic agents who share common values and beliefs about a social problem. They also share beliefs about things that they can do to effect change. In this case study, the common concern was social justice for refugees and asylum seekers. The common method for promoting change was music creation, participation and dissemination. We argue that the epistemic communities conceptual framework provides one way of conceptualizing the ‘ripple’ effects of complex community music programmes and the ways that music and other professionals and self-advocates (e.g. music programme participants) act as broader agents of social justice and social change.
When I see a note I like, I play it: Musical identity enacted in a community orchestra
Authors: Jenkins Louise , Southcott Jane
Published: December 2016

The benefits of musical participation at an older age are undeniable and playing an instrument at an older age benefits both physical and mental health and provides positive socializing opportunities. This study considers the experience of participating in a community orchestra as either a complete beginner or a ‘returning’ player at an older age. The research, qualitative case studies, employed a phenomenological approach. Participants are all members of Squawkestra, a community orchestra based in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. All the participants were over the age of 55 and retired or near retirement. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed and various themes emerged. A major theme was the re-shaping of identity not possible previously, which Squawkestra enabled. Inter-linked with this was the ‘hankering’ to play an instrument, resolved through active participation in a beginner orchestra, and the associated issue about who has the right to self-identity as a musician.