bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spray Pyrolysis Thin Film Deposition Technique for Micro-Sensors and Devices
Authors: Singha Monoj Kumar , Rojwal Vineet
Published: March 2020

Thin film is used for sensing and electronic devices applications. Various techniques are used for thin film deposition. This chapter presents the Spray pyrolysis deposition technique used for the growth of thin films sensing and device material. Spray pyrolysis is an inexpensive method to grow good crystalline thin film compared to other thin film deposition techniques. The chapter gives an overview of the spray process used for thin film deposition. Basic setup for this process is explained. Parameters affecting the deposition process is explained, as are the various spray methods. Finally, some examples of spray pyrolysis in different applications like a gas sensor, UV photodetector, solar cell, photocatalysis, and supercapacitor are discussed.
An IoT-Based Remote Health Monitoring System for Smart Healthcare
Authors: Maji Uday , Mandal Rohan , Bhattacharya Saurav , Priya Shalini
Published: March 2020

Many automated health monitoring devices detect health abnormalities based on gleaned data. One of the effective approaches of monitoring a senior cardiac patient is the analysis of an Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, as proven by various studies and applications. However, diagnosis results must be communicated to an expert. An intelligent and effective technology gaining wide popularity known as ‘internet of things' or ‘IoT' allows remote monitoring of the patient.
The Context Facets of Sustainability Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO) Through the Lense of Gender
Authors: Costa Joana , Pita Mariana
Published: March 2020

Addressing sustainable development and societal challenges have been placed at the heart of all government priorities, detachedly of country stage of development, as a mean to achieve prosperity through social cohesion and equality. In this setting, entrepreneurship appears to be a powerful tool to encompass economic, social, and environmental goals, particularly when sustainability oriented. Sustainability oriented entrepreneurs (henceforth SEO) are still focused in profit maximization strategies combined with environmental respect and social inclusion and rely on a firm-based entrepreneurship initiative integrating the triple bottom line. The chapter aims to understand the role of culture (culture and social norms) on SEO activity among several countries, along with gender heterogeneity. Specifically, the study determines the moderating effect of (national) culture on SEO. The study uses a logistic regression and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database from 2015, with information of 60 countries.
Assessing Regional Advantage Based on Smart Specialisation Strategies
Authors: Farinha Luís , Lopes João
Published: March 2020

Making smart regions smarter through smart specialization strategies (RIS3) is today on the political and economic agenda. In this context, it becomes a priority to know the regional stakeholders' perception of RIS3, based on the prioritization of the use of resources and capacities in their territories. The aim of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis with the keywords smart specialization, regional innovation systems, and value, rareness, imitability, and organization (VRIO). The authors aim to contribute to the clarification of the literature on regional innovation ecosystems. They also intend to suggest a new model that allows the VRIO model to be adapted to the territories. Through extensive research using the Web of Science database, five clusters were identified (multiple helix; smart specialization and RIS3; innovation and entrepreneurship; regional policies and knowledge transfer and technology commercialization; regional growth, entrepreneurial, and innovative ecosystem), whose content analysis allowed to construct the conceptual regional helix assessment model.
Growing Opportunities in Attracting Investments for the Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the ATU Gagauzia (Republic of Moldova)
Authors: Ghenova Svetlana
Published: March 2020

This chapter discusses the wide range of created opportunities for stimulating, developing the business area and attracting investments in the region of ATU Gagauzia. The general idea of the chapter is the fact that only developing the economy at the expense of domestic and foreign investments can create jobs, increase budget revenues, and accordingly, develop social infrastructure and living standards in the ATU Gagauzia (Republic of Moldova). The analysis of indicators characterizing the development of entrepreneurial activity in the autonomy was conducted, the dynamics of indicators showing the improvement of the business and investment climate in the region was presented, and the creation of favorable conditions in terms of attracting investment in main sectors of the region's economy was presented. This chapter carries out the qualitative conclusions and presents information on the need to develop the important directions that will enable the achievement of the goals for improving investment clime and increasing of volume in the region ATU Gagauzia.
Modular Green Roofs and their Usage in the World
Authors: Hejl M. , Mohapl Martin , Bříza Lukáš
Published: March 2020

This article wants to introduce modular green roof systems and their usage in the world as well as in the Czech Republic, because green roofs are now used more than they have been constructed in any era in the history. Their construction is almost same as it was in previous centuries, so the obvious solution for their improvement is in the construction of themselves. Especially in the improvement of their construction time which should be lower with usage of modular system than at classical layer system of the green roofs. This research also wants to speak about construction system for individual types of green roof. Where the purpose of this article is to set optimal solution for modular green roof panel which will be economical and environmentally friendly.
The Behavior of Reinforced and Pre-Stressed Concrete Beams under Elevated Temperature
Authors: Badawy Amr H. , Hassan Ahmed , El-Kady Hala , Abd-El Hafez L.M.
Published: March 2020

The behavior of unbounded post tension and reinforced concrete beams under elevated temperature was presented. The experimental work was consisted of two major phases. In the first phase, the objective was studying the mechanical performance of prestressed beam, prestressed beam with steel addition and reinforced concrete beams respectively were studied. In the second phase, the residual mechanical performance of prestressed beam, prestressed beam with steel addition and reinforced concrete beams under elevated 400oC, for 120 minutes durations. The failure mechanisms, ultimate load capacity, and deflection at critical sections were monitored. The numerical prediction of the flexural behavior of the tested specimens is presented in this paper. This includes a comparison between the numerical and experimental test results according to ANSYS models. The results indicate that the prestressed beam with steel addition and reinforced concrete beams had higher resistance to beams under elevated 400oC than that of prestressed concrete beam in terms of ultimate capacity. It is also shown that the reinforced concrete beams have higher resistance to beams under elevated temperature than that of prestressed beam, prestressed beam with steel addition.
Evaluation of Bridge Project Variants from the LCC Perspective
Authors: Macek Daniel , Kosina Matouš
Published: March 2020

The lowest purchase price is the easiest criterion in tendering for civil engineering. However, in view of the longevity of these buildings and their social significance, this criterion is insufficient. Renovation and maintenance costs play an important role in the construction life cycle and need to be taken into consideration, too. The structural design clearly influences the operating costs of the building, which can be predicted. The paper presents an example of how to approach this issue. The methodology is focused on bridge structures. The paper presents a software application for the calculation of renovation and maintenance costs which are generated from the following structural elements: abutments, pillars, deck (bearing structure), bearings, bridge deck insulation, drainage, roadway, cornice, railing, crash barriers, expansion joints and noise barriers. The structural elements can be specified in the application in predefined type / material variants. If the user uses material that is not included in the database, this situation is solved by adding the appropriate element to the database. If a combination of materials is used for one component, these materials are defined as separate structural elements. Bridge structures are evaluated over a lifetime of 100 years.
Development of a Composite Material Based on Polymers Polydimethylsiloxane and Polytetrafluoroethylene Use in Human Prosthetic Coatings
Authors: Chicaiza Ritha , Donoso Caterine , Quiroz Francisco
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is the development of a composite material composed of a main layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a reinforcement of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to be used later in human prosthesis coatings. A mass ratio of the main layer consisting of PDMS:Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS):Di-n-butyl tin dilaurate (DBTL) in the range of 33:1:0.5; 25:1:0.5; 10:1:0.5, and the mass ratio of the composite material (PTFE:PDMS) with a range was evaluated of 1:9; 1:1; 2:3. Obtaining the following results: Tensile strength of 0.085 MPa based on the ratio of 33:1:0.5 - 1:9 and 0.59 MPa with respect to the ratio of 10:1:0.5 - 2:3, evidencing an increase in tensile strength by decreasing the weight of PDMS and increasing the weight of PTFE. On the other hand, the composite material obtained is hydrophobic, insoluble in ethanol and water, has a cross-linking percentage of 98.74 % and 99.66 % respectively, also has a minimum permeance of 5.24x10-7 (g Pa-1 s-1 m-2). With which it is concluded that the treatment whose properties resemble the human skin is the combination 10:1:0.5 - 1:1 that allowed to obtain an average tensile strength of 0.66 MPa, average modulus of elasticity of 6.56 MPa, similar to the dermis of a 43 year old person.
The Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene by Hopcalite under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Lv Li , Tian Yue , Han Guo Lin , Kang Jian , Zhao Wen Bang
Published: March 2020

In order to explore an efficient and rapid method for treating typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs), benzene, as a HYPERLINK "javascript:void (0)" representative of VOCs, was catalytically oxidized by hopcalite under microwave irradiation. The decontamination performance under different conditions was studied, and the influences of some factors on the benzene conversion ratio were tested, such as microwave irradiation power, initial benzene concentration, catalyst amount and gas humidity. Results showed that benzene conversion ratio could reach 99.2% under the condition that microwave power, initial benzene concentration, gas flow and catalyst bed height were 70W, 1917mg/m3,1.0L/min, and 3.86cm separately. It is concluded that microwave irradiation can promote the catalytic oxidation of benzene and it has higher energy efficiency than traditional heating.
Assessment of GFRP Mechanical Properties in Order to Determinate Suitability for UAV Components
Authors: Condruz Mihaela  Raluca , Paraschiv Alexandru , Deutschlander Andreea , Mîndru Ionel
Published: March 2020

Mechanical properties of several composite materials were assessed in order to establish their suitability for unmanned aerial vehicle components manufacturing. The materials under evaluation consisted in E-glass fiber (satin/twill weave) impregnated with polyester, respective epoxy resin. The study was focused on two mechanical tests: low-velocity impact and tensile tests. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that configurations reinforced with twill weave presented higher tensile strength compared with satin reinforced configurations. Moreover, they presented a lower damage degree in case of impact tests. It was concluded that fabric quality has a considerable influence on the impregnation process and on the composite material mechanical properties. In the present case, the twill weave impregnated with epoxy resin can be used to manufacture small range UAV components.
Pore Structure Regulation in Refractory Grog with Alumina Content over 45 %
Authors: Nevřivová Lenka
Published: March 2020

Increased alumina content in refractory grog is a product of the grog’s firing and, at the same time, it is a raw material used for the production of dense or insulating, shaped or monolithic refractories. Grog characteristics determine the properties of the final product. The specific characteristics of the grog are therefore optimized to suit the refractory product as close as possible. The basic characteristics determining the nature of the grog include its mineralogical composition, chemical composition, and apparent porosity. The present study focuses on ways of reducing the porosity of a high-alumina grog and thus obtaining a raw material suitable for the production of dense refractory materials. The experiments have shown that it is possible to regulate porosity by using clay with better sinterability and phosphoric acid in the production of grog from claystone with alumina content over 40 %, a minimal Fe2O3 content, a minimal content of CaO and alkali oxides.
Processing the Results of Measuring the Mechanical Characteristics of Plated Specimens
Authors: Kurkin Evgenii Igorevich , Spirina Mariia Olegovna
Published: March 2020

Paper is devoted to the automation of processing the results of measurements of mechanical characteristics of plated specimens and the creation of a mathematical model of anisotropy material. Methods of conducting tensile and flexural tests are described. Developed in MATLAB tools for automation of processing results of experiments are proposed. Tools can be used for interpretation of the results of strength tests of isotropic and composite materials. The advantage of the developed tools is batch processing, which allows processing the results of a large series of experiments. The tools system was tested when creating a model of short-reinforced composite material. An example of the use of test results when constructing the Digimat material model and using this model to predict the stress-strain state of anisotropic structures is presented.
Pulmonary hypertension: when the acute event leads to diagnosis. Case report in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Authors: Secco Gianmarco , Falchi Anna Giulia , Salinaro Francesco , Blatti Chiara , Giacomuzzi Moore Bianca , Perlini Stefano
Published: March 2020

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) is a pulmonary vascular pathology caused by the chronic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries, usually being the consequence of recurrent episodes of pulmonary embolism. Such events are usually unknown; the delay in such a diagnosis can therefore lead to a deterioration of the clinical picture, worsening the overall prognosis.  This is a case of a 55-year-old man who came to the Emergency Room (ER) because of an acute exacerbation of chronic dyspnea, that he experienced for several years, in the absence of an explanatory diagnosis. Acute pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in the setting of the ER, with bedside echography resulting to be crucial to the work up. A multidisciplinary approach allowed proper treatment, management and a favourable outcome.
A serendipitous discovery: an adult case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy
Authors: Zaidi Abdul Rehman Zia , Sikander Asma , Faqeih Eissa , Alhowar Njoud Abdulrahman , AlSheef Mohammed Abdullah
Published: March 2020

Congenital generalized lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat, muscular hypertrophy, acanthosis nigricans, hepatomegaly, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired metabolism, and mental retardation. We report a 41-year-old female that presented as a rare adult case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1. She was referred to us as a case of hypertriglyceridemia with features of generalized lipodystrophy and manifestations of associated multiple metabolic disorders. Triglyceride level was tremendously high with reduced high-density lipoproteins. The patient was found to have a pathogenic novel mutation in the AGPAT2 gene, confirming the diagnosis of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1.
Worship as primary ethical act: Barth on Romans 12
Authors: Havenga Marthinus J.
Published: March 2020

Following the centenary year of the publication of the first edition of Karl Barth’s Der Römerbrief, this article attempts to look at what a contemporary South African audience could potentially learn from Barth’s reading of Romans 12. This article begins with a few preliminary remarks on the reading of Barth in both apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa, and asks whether his theology still has any role to play in current theological and ethical discourses (amidst calls that theology should be decolonised). After arguing that Barth might still have ‘a’ contribution to make (as we further develop our own theologies), this article provides an in-depth exposition and analysis of Barth’s reading of Romans 12. Here it is shown how, in his commentary on this chapter (under the heading ‘The Problem of Ethics’), Barth maintains that worship, that is, the offering of our bodies as ‘living sacrifices’ to God, should be seen as the primary ethical act, which precedes and renders possible all other secondary ethical conduct. This is then followed by the last section of this article, which explores the possible meaning and relevance of Barth’s insights for life in present-day South Africa.
SmartPPM: An Internet of Things Based Smart Helmet Design for Potholes and Air Pollution Monitoring
Authors: Kumar Singh Vibhutesh , Chandna Himanshu , Upadhyay Nidhi
Published: March 2020

In a country with an extensive road network, it is very tough for authorities to identify and repair the potholes on time, which emerge due to casual wear and tear of the road. These potholes are dangerous for unsuspecting high-speed vehicles and results in multiple life-threatening accidents year-round. Apart from potholes, another severe concern about the time spent on roads is air pollution. Breathing the polluted air, mainly containing the particulate matter that has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers, is toxic to humans. In this work, we have judiciously designed an Internet of Things based smart helmet, which uses crowdsourcing to report potholes and collect crucial on-road air pollution data so that a person could avoid risk to life and health. We have also introduced the novel concept of remembrance factor and severity index, which could be useful in dealing with the stale and invalid pothole data in the database.
Medo e apoio ao autoritarismo na contemporaneidade
Authors: Colombaroli Ana Carolina Morais
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho busca empreender uma reflexão acerca do medo, enquanto afeto político central, que constrói os laços sociais, tanto do ponto de vista das relações interpessoais quanto do ponto de vista mais amplo das relações políticas, discutindo as facetas da insegurança na contemporaneidade, a apropriação do discurso e das práticas de medo e insegurança pelo Estado neoliberal e pelo Capital, e a relação estabelecida entre o medo e a adesão a posições e proposições políticas conservadoras e autoritárias. Para tanto, parte-se de uma perspectiva da Teoria Crítica, considerando a maneira como a vida social e a experiência política mobilizam os afetos, com atenção especial voltada ao medo na contemporaneidade, conjugada com a utilização de pesquisas empíricas já realizadas que corroboram, direta ou indiretamente, a relação entre o medo e o apoio ao autoritarismo.
Identidade sobre rodas: um ensaio sobre a cultura biker custom
Authors: Oltramari Leandro Castro , Naujorks Carlos José
Published: March 2020

Este ensaio propõe uma reflexão sobre os processos culturais de formação da identidade tendo como referência os estudos sobre as pedagogias culturais. Para tanto, tomam-se os processos de formação da identidade biker custom como referente empírico. Biker refere-se a uma prática social específica vinculada ao motociclismo, à customização da motocicleta, ao uso de roupas, adereços e jargões, através da qual tanto uma identidade pessoal quanto uma identidade coletiva são formadas. Baseado nos estudos sobre pedagogias culturais, este ensaio problematiza os processos de formação da identidade biker, procurando evidenciar a dimensão propriamente pedagógica e formativa dos processos culturais de formação da identidade.
A “Thompsonian” pattern of labour unrest? Social movements and rebellions in the Global South
Authors: Braga Ruy Gomes
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo, argumentaremos que o chamado padrão fordista de agitação trabalhista foi uma exceção histórica e geográfica e que o foco nesse modelo dificultou a identificação de padrões alternativos de mobilização dos trabalhadores, sobretudo no chamado Sul global. Consideramos que a problematização elaborada por Beverly Silver a respeito dos padrões de agitação trabalhista dominantes no século XX superou o viés eurocêntrico da análise dos conflitos trabalhistas, redefinindo o campo de estudos do trabalho global. No entanto, diante da retomada das formas de mobilização coletiva dos trabalhadores em escala global após o advento da crise da globalização capitalista inaugurada em 2008, entendemos fazer-se necessário repensar os modelos (“marxiano” e “polanyiano”) de agitação trabalhistas sugeridospor Silver. Em suma, ao destacarmos a resistência contemporânea à mercantilização, em especial por parte do “precariado global”, devemos esperar encontrar a luta de classes, mas não em sua roupagem industrial ou fordista. Para tanto, uma recuperação da obra do historiador inglês Edward Palmer Thompson parece-nos útil para pensarmos o atual padrão de agitação trabalhista em escala mundial.
Antropologia econômica
Authors: Duval Julien
Published: March 2020

.
Mercado, mídia e consumo
Authors: Mazon Marcia Da Silva , Jardim Maria Aparecida Chaves
Published: March 2020

.
Proposal for disaster and crisis management: A descriptive study applied to the officials of the parties concerned with disasters and crises in Riyadh and Jeddah
Authors: Alsanad, PhD Hessa Abdulrahman
Published: March 2020

The present study is an attempt to identify the availability of plans to manage disasters and crises, as well as the extent to which Saudi Arabia needs to establish an authority to handle such disasters and crises and its effectiveness. It also provides a proposal to establish an independent authority to confront disasters and crises in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a questionnaire was applied to the officials of the related bodies in Riyadh and Jeddah to collect data to answer the questions of the study. The study concluded that there is a need for an authority that adopts and activates the crisis management system as one of the radical and important solutions in the various institutions.
Vietnam's Development Success Story and the Unfinished SDG Agenda
Authors: Baum Anja
Published: March 2020

Despite starting as one of the poorest countries in the mid-1980s, Vietnam has achieved rapid developmental progress, reaching lower middle-income status in 2010. In line with rapid economic growth, Vietnam has achieved impressive progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) during this time. This paper sheds light on some elements of Vietnam’s success story, highlighting crucial policies in education and electricity sectors. It undertakes a forward-looking costing exercise that focusses on five sectors – education, health, roads, water, and electricity infrastructure. Achieving the remaining SDGs in Vietnam will be a challenge, with total annual additional spending needs in the 5 subsectors estimated at 7 percent of GDP by 2030.
Measuring Output Gap
Authors: Chen Jiaqian , Gornicka Lucyna
Published: March 2020

We apply a range of models to the U.K. data to obtain estimates of the output gap. A structural VAR with an appropriate identification strategy provides improved estimates of output gap with better real time properties and lower sensitivity to temporary shocks than the usual filtering techniques. It also produces smaller out-of-sample forecast errors for inflation. At the same time, however, our results suggest caution in basing policy decisions on output gap estimates.
Toward a Comprehensive Tax Reform for Italy
Authors: Cammeraat Emile , Crivelli Ernesto
Published: March 2020

This paper evaluates elements of a comprehensive reform of the Italian tax system. Reform options are guided by the principles of reducing complexity, broadening the tax base, and lowering marginal tax rates, especially the tax burden on labor income. The revenue and distributional implications of personal income and property tax reforms are assessed with EUROMOD, while a microsimulation model is developed to evaluate VAT reform options. Simulations suggest that a substantial reduction in the tax burden on labor income can be obtained with a revenue-neutral base-broadening reform that streamlines tax expenditures and updates the property valuation system. In addition, a comprehensive reform would benefit low- and middle-income households the most, by lowering significantly their overall current tax liability, which results in increased progressivity of the tax system.
Uruguay
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: March 2020

Selected Issues
Austria
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: March 2020

This Technical Note (TN) sets out the findings and recommendations made in the context of the 2019 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) for Austria in the areas of AML/CFT. It provides a targeted review of Austria’s progress in addressing the ML/TF vulnerabilities in the banking sector, including AML/CFT supervision and cross-border activities, progress in enhancing the transparency of legal persons and arrangements, and risks related to virtual assets (VAs) and virtual assets service providers (VASPs). This review is not an assessment or evaluation of the country’s AML/CFT regime. In this regard, Austria’s AML/CFT system was assessed by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) against the current FATF standard and the Mutual Evaluation Report (MER) was adopted in September 2016. The authorities are focused on improving the effectiveness of the legal, regulatory, and supervisory framework in mitigating ML/TF risks.
Framework To Address Open Management Actions In Response To Board-Endorsed IEO Recommendations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: March 2020

Based on recommendations endorsed by the Evaluation Committee of the Board (EVC),
this paper proposes a framework to implement the recommendation of the Third External
Evaluation of the IEO to address the backlog of open management actions included in the Management Implementation Plans (MIPs) in response to Board-endorsed IEO recommendations.
Categorization Of Open Actions In Management Implementation Plans
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &,   Review Department
Published: March 2020

This paper undertakes a triage of the backlog of open actions in Management Implementation Plans (MIPs) responding to recommendations by the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), based on the Framework endorsed by the Board in March 2019.
Contrasting impacts of two types of El Niño events on winter haze days in China's Jing-Jin-Ji region
Authors: Yu Xiaochao , Wang Zhili , Zhang Hua , He Jianjun , Li Ying
Published: March 2020

Abstract. El Niño is a complex system with diverse distribution features and intensities. The regional climate anomalies caused by different types of El Niño event likely lead to various impacts on winter haze pollution in China. Based on long-term site observations of haze days in China from 1961 to 2013, this study explores the effects of Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) types of El Niño event on winter haze days (WHD) in China's Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ) region and the physical mechanisms underlying WHD changes. The results show statistically significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, between WHD in the JJJ region and EP and CP El Niño events. At most sites in the JJJ region, the average WHD are increased in all EP El Niño years, with the maximum change exceeding 2.0 days. Meanwhile the average WHD are decreased at almost all stations over this region in all CP El Niño years, with the largest change being more than −2.0 days. The changes in large-scale circulations indicate obviously positive surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies and negative sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over North China, and southerly wind anomalies at the mid-low troposphere over eastern China in the winters of EP El Niño years. These anomalies are conducive to increases in WHD in the JJJ region. However, there are significant northerly and northwesterly wind anomalies at the mid-low troposphere over eastern China, and stronger and wider precipitation anomalies in the winters of CP El Niño years, which contribute to decreased WHD over the JJJ region. Changes in local synoptic conditions indicate negative SLP anomalies, positive SAT anomalies, and weakened northerly winds over the JJJ region in the winters of EP El Niño years. The occurrence frequency of circulation types conducive to the accumulation (diffusion) of aerosol pollutants is increased (decreased) by 0.4 % (0.37 %) in those winters. However, the corresponding frequency is decreased (increased) by 0.54 % (0.56 %) in the winters of CP El Niño years. Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing the impacts of two types of El Niño events on winter haze pollution in China's JJJ region.
Consumption of safe drinking water in Pakistan: its dimensions and determinants
Authors: Akram Naeem
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Access to clean and safe drinking water is a basic human right. Poor quality of drinking water is directly associated with various waterborne diseases. The present study has attempted to analyze the household preferences for drinking water sources and the adoption of water purifying methods at home in Pakistan by using the household data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18. It has been found that people living in rural areas, headed by aged ones and having large family sizes are significantly less likely to use safe drinking water sources and households having media exposure, education, women empowerment in household purchases and belonging to the rich segment of society are more likely to use safe drinking water source. Similarly, households belonging to urban areas, having a higher level of awareness (through education and media), belonging to wealthy families, women enjoying a higher level of empowerment and using piped water are more likely to adopt water-purifying methods at home. However, households using water from tube wells, wells, and boreholes and having higher family sizes are less likely to adopt water purifying methods at home.
FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY VULCANIZATION ACCELERATOR TO ENHANCE THE INTERFACIAL INTERACTION IN NR/SILICA COMPOSITES
Authors: Zhu Kaizheng , Pan Yang , Wu Jie , Li Kuncai , Guo Xiwei , Liu Yu , Wang Zhifen , Zhang Yucang
Published: March 2020

Xanthate is a class of non-toxic, rapid, and eco-friendly rubber vulcanization accelerator, but it is seldom used in the rubber industry because of its poor thermostability and ease of decomposition. To overcome these drawbacks, silica supported sodium isobutyl xanthate (silica-s-SIBX) was prepared by chemically bonding SIBX onto the silica surface. After loading, the initial degradation temperature (T0), maximum degradation temperature (Tp), and final decomposition temperature (Tf) of silica-s-SIBX were increased by 85.8, 118.9, and 146.9 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, silica-s-SIBX could not only improve the dispersion of fillers in the rubber but also enhance the interfacial interaction between silica and the rubber matrix. Therefore, it may offer new scientific and technological opportunities for preparation of green additives in the rubber industry.
Cognate Object Constructions in Arabic
Authors: Alqurashi Abdulrahman
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to explore Cognate Object constructions in Modern Standard Arabic and addresses the question of whether they are arguments or adjuncts. It examines in detail the properties of these constructions. The facts related to Cognate Objects suggest that they are best seen as arguments and not as some sort of adverbial adjuncts. Unlike English and many other languages, the use of cognate objects in Modern Standard Arabic is very productive. They occur with almost all types of verbs: intransitive, unergative, unaccusative, monotransitive and ditransitive verbs. Moreover, they can be passivized, pronominalized and topicalized. The paper also presents more evidence in favour of the argument analysis and against the adjunct analysis for cognate objects in Modern Standard Arabic.
Nietzsche on the Function and Creation of Value Systems
Authors: Morrisson Iain
Published: March 2020

In this article I reconstruct Nietzsche's largely implicit understanding of how value systems are created. At the heart of this process are affects, which Nietzsche sees as drive-based evaluative feelings. Affects create value systems when they form rational patterns of feeling around the aims of their underlying drives. But Nietzsche sets this process of value creation in a functionalist context in which values work to promote underlying drives through the direct privileging of their aims over the aims of other drives, through encouraging the pursuit of objects and conditions that facilitate the drive's discharge, and through the justification of the affects that create the values in the first place. I show how Nietzsche's functionalism can be reconciled with his commitment to the idea that affects create values. And I test my claims against Nietzsche's analysis of slave morality to show that his interpretations of the morality of custom, asceticism, and noble morality follow the same pattern.
MRI Findings in a Young Boxer with Septic Physitis of the Humerus
Authors: Kakas Rachel , Stockdale Stephen , Carr Alaina
Published: March 2020

The MRI appearance of appendicular septic physitis has not been reported in small animals. MRI appearance of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis has been described in horses, and the use of MRI has been proposed as a diagnostic alternative to radiographs to allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment. MRI is also routinely used in human medicine for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis owing to increased accuracy of evaluation of the soft tissue involvement. In the case of a 5 mo old male boxer dog described here, radiographs were suggestive of the diagnosis of septic physitis, although an MRI was obtained to rule out neurologic etiologies of lameness based on history and physical exam findings. MRI identified a fluid pocket communicating with the physis. The diagnosis of septic physitis was then confirmed via ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate of the fluid pocket communicating with the physis that was seen on the MRI.
Uretero-Cutaneous Fistula and Renal Abscessation as a Complication of Ureteral Stenting in a Dog
Authors: Montasell Xavier , Dunn Marilyn , Freire Mila
Published: March 2020

An 11 yr old female spayed shih tzu was referred for treatment of left ureterolithiasis with complete obstruction of the left ureter and pyonephrosis. A ureteral stent was placed surgically to relieve the obstruction and pyonephrosis was treated with antibiotics. Three and a half years following stent placement, the patient developed an abscess on the left flank with chronic purulent discharge. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the presence of a left uretero-cutaneous fistula and renal abscess. A left ureteronephrectomy was performed. The dog was euthanatized 4 mo later for cardiac insufficiency unresponsive to medical treatment. This is the first report of a uretero-cutaneous fistula and renal abscessation as a complication of ureteral stenting in a dog.
Chief Executive Officer Characteristics and Financial Restatements in Malaysia
Authors: Altarawneh Marwan , Shafie Rohami , Ishak Rokiah
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) characteristics affect the occurrence of financial restatements in Malaysian firms. The CEO characteristics used in this study were tenure, honorific title, gender, expertise, and age. In addition, the financial restatement has been measured as a dummy variable as to whether companies restate their financial statements or not. The sample of this study comprised 442 companies listed in the main market of Bursa Malaysia during the period 2012–2016. The panel data method was utilised to analyse the data. This study employed a logistic regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between CEO tenure and CEO gender with financial restatements. In addition, this study found a negative and significant relationship between CEO honorific title and financial restatements. However, the results found insignificant relationships between CEO expertise and age with financial restatements. This study highlighted the importance of considering CEO characteristics as one of the influential determinants of financial restatements in Malaysian companies.
The Role of External Audit in View of Sudden Financial Collapses on the Jordanian Commercial Banks Sector
Authors: Harb Ayman Saleh Mustafa
Published: March 2020

The study aims to determine the role of external audit in view of sudden financial collapse son Jordanian commercial banks. To achieve this, the researcher designed a questionnaire consists of (40) paragraphs.The study results show that there is a statistically significant impact (the first hypothesis) of external audit on sudden financial collapses on Jordanian commercial banks. The value of the relationship between the two variables is 0.638 which is statistically significant, because calculated f value is equal to (75.31) which is statistically significant as (0.000) value, which is less than (5%).The study also indicates that there is a statistically significant effect (the second hypothesis) of external audit on the compliance of the audit profession rules on Jordanian commercial banks. The value of the relationship between the two variables is 0.615 which is statistically significant, because calculated f value is equal to (60.09) which is statistically significant as (0.000) value, which is less than (5%).The findings suggest that there is a statistically significant effect (the third hypothesis) of external audit on the detection of deception and fraud on Jordanian commercial banks. Where the value of the relationship between the two variables is (0.673) which is statistically significant, because calculated f value is equal to 91.07 which is statistically significant as (0.000) value, which is less than (5%).
Nollywood Accounting and Financial Performance: Evidence From Nigerian Cinemas
Authors: Umukoro Olaoluwa Elsie , Eluyela Damilola Felix , Ozordi Emmanuel , Inua Ofe Iwiyisi , Balogun Sheriff Babajide
Published: March 2020

The main aim of this study is to discover what influences the financial performance of a given Nollywood film in Nigerian cinemas. We hypothesize that social media, filmmakers and friends influences financial performance of Nollywood films in Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, we adopted survey research design methodology via the use of google forms to generate 530 copies of questionnaire between November 2018 and January 2019. Using resource dependency theory, we find out that social media, filmmakers and friends are major determinant of Nollywood financial performance in Nigeria. We recommend that filmmakers should embark on more social media campaigns and adverts in order to generate more revenue and profit for their films.
Consumers’ Purchase Intention Toward Ergonomic Footwear in Malaysia
Authors: Chong Shyue Chuan , Tan Foong Yee , Mah Pei Yew , Low Choon Wei
Published: March 2020

Ergonomic footwear is a type of shoe specifically designed for consumers to treat foot problems. In accelerating concern on foot health nowadays, ergonomic footwear is introduced to fill the gap in the context of Malaysia. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Expectancy-Value Theory to explore the consumers’ purchase intention toward ergonomic footwear. Targeted respondents were adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia aged from 21 years and above through judgmental sampling. A total of 221 responses were collected using a survey questionnaire from June to July 2018. This study found that utilitarian consumption, consumer perceived value and perceived trust have a significant positive relationship with the purchase intention. Meanwhile, the word-of-mouth shows the insignificant relationship between purchase intention. Word-of-mouth is unimportant might be due to contrary word-of-mouth spread by experienced customers, and perhaps the less tendency the consumers rely on word-of-mouth.
Attainment Discrepancy Level, Firm Resources Slack, and Sticky Cost
Authors: Priantana Riha Dedi , Rohman Abdul , . Fuad
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to further develop the behavioral theory of the firm into the context of sticky cost research. The company’s actions in managing resources can be explained through the concept of attainment discrepancy level and resource slack in the behavioral theory of the firm explaining the company’s sticky costs. This study also examines the effect of attainment discrepancy levels, both historical and social, on cost behavior between slack dimensions and overall slack. To examine it, this study used 2,416 observations data from 302 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2009-2017. Using Eviews 10, the estimation results of the regression model based on HAC find that the attainment of discrepancy level and resource slack affects sticky costs. Specifically, this study found that historical attainment discrepancy level causes sticky cost behavior to decrease, whereas social attainment discrepancy level increases cost behavior to become more sticky cost. The effect of resource slack on sticky cost behavior is reduced, both for each slack dimension and for the overall slack. Furthermore, the results show that the existence of certain types of slack, namely unabsorbed slack, increases the company’s sticky cost behavior when it is associated with historical attainment discrepancy levels. To sum up, these results indicate that the firm makes internal business processes as the focus of attention in managing the company’s resources. As a consequence, this situation can be used as an alternative explanation for the company’s asymmetric cost behavior.
Contextual Associations of Interregional Income Gap with Physical Constitution and Dietary Environment in Individual Housebound Elderly
Authors: Okada Fumie , Kaneko Takehiko , Toyokawa Satoshi , Furuhata Tadashi
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been directed towards the issue of health inequalities associated with Japan’s widening income gap. Focusing on the housebound elderly, we assessed the contextual associations of the interregional income gap with body mass index (BMI).

METHOD: A total of 15,200 housebound elderly living in 46 of the country’s 47 prefectures, except for Tokyo, were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire that covered age, gender, height, weight, medical history, utilization of nursing care, family, source of income, food consumption, and physical activity. To determine the relationship between BMI and the above-mentioned items, a linear regression analysis was performed. In the multilevel analysis, we assumed a prefecture-level random intercept on the basis of the data on the average income per capita in the 46 prefectures.

RESULTS: Valid responses without missing data were obtained from 10,226 respondents (response rate: 67.3%) and used for the analyses; females accounted for 78.5% (n=8,027) of the sample. In the multilevel analysis, prefectural average income showed a significant contextual negative association with BMI in females (-0.846; P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Prefectural average income has a significant negative contextual association with individual-level BMI for females; females with a low rate of going out have lower BMI; and females living with children have higher BMI. Social environment may be correlated with BMI in the older population.
La crisis del modelo tradicional de regadíos del interior valenciano. El caso de Cortes de Pallás: paisajes del agua y patrimonio cultural
Authors: Hermosilla Pla Jorge , Antequera Fernández Miguel , Iranzo García Emilio
Published: March 2020

Los sistemas tradicionales de regadío forman un legado que se manifiesta mediante lo que conocemos como paisaje y patrimonio del agua. En las áreas del interior valenciano se experimentan disfunciones socioeconómicas que se evidencian paisajísticamente. A partir del análisis en profundidad de un caso de estudio como es la huerta de Cortes de Pallás, en el sector septentrional del macizo del Caroig, se valora si los procesos en ella identificados explican las dinámicas de crisis de los regadíos históricos del interior. El abandono de una parte destacada de las parcelas ha sido una práctica común, aun manteniéndose su morfología y una red de acequias que sigue en funcionamiento.
Physiotherapeutic management of a patient after craniocerebral trauma in the intensive care unit - case study.
Authors: Kaczorowska Antonina , Kałuża Klaudia
Published: March 2020

Introduction
Craniocerebral injuries are one of the most common causes of mortality and disability in Poland. The treatment of patients who are in an intensive care unit is based primarily on stabilizing the patient’s general condition as well as basic duties according to the patient’s functioning.
Aim
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of early rehabilitation and the role of physiotherapy in recovery after craniocerebral trauma.
Case study
The subject was an 18-year-old patient who suffered craniocerebral trauma as a result of a road accident. After losing consciousness, he was in the intensive care unit, where he was placed on a medical ventilator. A properly selected physiotherapeutic procedure was performed. Passive exercises, contracture correction and appropriate positioning were used. To prevent pressure sores, anti-bedsore prophylaxis was implemented. Respiratory therapy played a key role. The goal of respiratory physiotherapy was to improve respiratory function by maintaining proper lung ventilation, increasing chest and diaphragm mobility along with maintaining the efficiency of respiratory muscles, as well as stimulating effective coughing and evacuation of secretions. The NDT-Bobath concept was used as therapy for spastic tension. The goal of the therapy was to get rid of pathological movement patterns and replace them with physiological patterns. The PNF method, classical and lymphatic massage, polysensory stimulation and music therapy were also used.
Conclusions
Early and comprehensive rehabilitation in a patient after craniocerebral trauma is extremely important and determines therapeutic effectiveness. Comprehensive therapy and care are able to prevent a number of complications that threaten the patient as a result of immobilization.