bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lingue e culture locali nei processi contemporanei di patrimonializzazione e di costruzione identitaria
Authors: Mirizzi Ferdinando
Published: October 2019

In a solid tradition of studies, linguistics joins forces with the anthropological study of local cultures so as to identify and reflect on the cultural contexts that lead to the conservation or to the transformation of both linguistic and cultural facts. Such reflections especially focus on the way that local languages and cultures are turned into cultural heritage that support identity.

In this light, and that of a specific case study, this essay analyses how local communities recall dialects and traditions as a way to create cultural heritage and maintain a relationship that is coherent, not corresponding with the past while attempting to construct a specific identity that can give them psychological stability and security within the global arena in which they also act.
La linguistica dello sviluppo sociale
Authors: Agresti Giovanni
Published: October 2019

The present paper aims at setting up the features that are necessary to reach a social development based on linguistics or how to turn language into an instrument for social development. There are studies in this regard; however a coherent transdisciplinary overview supported by a proper discourse is missing, as is a proper terminology. This paper envisages to fill this gap. The stakes are high, as is the potential development of many European areas characterized by multilingualism. Social Development Linguistics (SDL) is a transdisciplinary approach to social sciences: from linguistics (sociolinguistics) to anthropology (linguistic anthropology), law (language rights), economy (economics of languages) and history.
The lexicon of the Lithuanian language in the 17–19th centuries
Authors: Judžentytė Gintarė , Zubaitienė Vilma
Published: October 2019

This article deals with lexical systemic relationships between Eastern and Western regions of Lithuania. The analysis is based on the lexicon of the most important bilingual and multilingual dictionaries and religious scripts of 17–19th century. The research examines the impact of Lithuanian dialects and other languages (Latin, Polish, German) on development of lexicon. Attention is paid on neologisms (derivation models), loanwords (lexical and semantic) and dialecticisms usage and distribution of that time. Furthermore, problems of adaptation of loanwords and their integration, synonymy of lexemes and equivalence are revealed by giving certain examples of thematic lexical groups development and the formation of terminology. This paper also deals with question why some of specific words became commonly used in the standard Lithuanian but others have disappeared or remained only in Lithuanian dialects.
La construcción del estándar vasco vizcaíno del s. xix
Authors: Ulibarri Orueta Koldo
Published: October 2019

In this work, we aim to understand the construction of the standard variety of the Biscayan dialect developed in the 19th century. After a sort overview of Basque literature and of the peninsular Holy Oratory, we will defend the hypothesis that in this literary variety the aptitude of the 17th century preachers was one of the main conditions that yielded the grammatization of the language. In order to prove this hypothesis, we provide historical data as well as the linguistic features of the sermon collection known as Dotrinazko Sermoitegia, the work of a modest preacher immerse in a period that was crucial in the grammatization of the Biscayan dialect.
The standardization of Chinese
Authors: Julià-Muné Joan
Published: October 2019

Modern Standard Chinese, known as Putonghua (or Common Speech), as well as Mandarin in the West, is the official language used by the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the island city-state of Singapore. As a result of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, the bases for a modern Chinese literary language reform were put forward in order to get an up-to-date national language, by substituting the colloquial speech (báihuà) for the classical language (wényán). However, it was under Mao Zedong’s rule when a threefold sociolinguistic reform was implemented in his first decade in power: oral standardization based on Pekingese, character simplification and the adoption of Pinyin. Alongside Chinese, Catalan experienced a language reform under the Institut d’Estudis Catalans’ and Pompeu Fabra’s leadership during the first third of the 20th century.
Strategies for conservation of a minority language
Authors: Matranga Vito , Milano Emma
Published: October 2019

The Arbëresh linguistic varieties constitute a rich field of investigation for interesting phenomena of language attrition and contact. Because of the ancient and prolonged situation of bilingualism between Albanian and Italo-Romance varieties an interesting set of phenomena of code-switching, loan, convergence and hybridization has presented itself.

This research concerns the Arbëresh linguistic minority of Greci, a small town in the Campanian region of southern Italy. Within Arbëria, the widespread archipelago of Albanian-speaking communities which occupies a vast territory in southern Italy, the preservation of Arbëresh presents very different sociolinguistic situations. Inside Arbëria Greci occupies a geographically isolated position and up to the 1960’s arbëresh was flourishing in the community.

Today Greci is transitioning through a difficult period from socio-economic, cultural, and linguistic points of view. Nevertheless Arbëresh has still a good hold with adults and elderly speakers, although decline was detected among some younger speakers.
La variació lectal del català en l’era de la societat xarxa
Authors: Nicolàs Miquel
Published: October 2019

Until now, the dynamics of language change is going to understand the dissociation internal/external. The internal dimension understood as a balance between the formal systems of a language. The external data looked incorporate socioeconomic, political and cultural factors as explanatory of historical interpretation. Both, however, have different logics. Today, the study of sociological and communicational complexity requires conceptual and methodological tools appropriate to the technological changes being experienced in the network.

In the history of Catalan has also tended to produce overall performances that forms the side of the community of speakers or the physical space, reproducing the dichotomy internal/external peer to which were added as oral/written, unity/diversity, center/periphery, urban/rural or standard/varieties. Do all these notions preserve the effectiveness explanatory? Can account properly transversal changes affecting called precisely or not digital natives? Rather than outline any alternative hypothesis, our goal is to point out the need to produce a type of historical interpretation more refined, versatile and persuasive, based on the dense nuanced description of the data available and incorporates the paradoxical effects of any discursive approach to verbal objects.
La perspectiva diastràtica en la Gramàtica de la llengua catalana. descriptiva, normativa, diatòpica, diastràtica (1994), d’Antoni M. Badia i Margarit
Authors: Costa-Carreras Joan
Published: October 2019

Badia (1994) presents his grammar as diastratic, by which he means the distribution of variants into three stylistic levels. This use moves him away from the tradition, in which diastratic means social dimension. Therefore an analysis of the references Badia provides has been done to find out whether there is any clue in them to understand this decision. None of them use the term diastratic. So, two questions arise: where had he known it? Why did he decided to change its meaning? Our hypothesis are that (1) it is plausible that he read Flydal (1952) and/or Coseriu (1981), and (2) having to choose a fourth adjective meaning ‘dealing with stylistic variation’, he decided to set up a personal concept for functional variation.
Processos de canvi en les combinacions de clítics pronominals a la Franja
Authors: Valls Esteve
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, it seeks to provide a description of the binary combinations between a third person dative clitic and an accusative clitic in the north-western Catalan dialects spoken in the Franja (Aragon); second, it aims at analysing the evolution of these combinations across three generations of speakers. Both quantitative – dialectometric – and qualitative methods are used to analyse a new corpus which comprises 2,544 binary combinations gathered from 48 speakers – to which we added 5 artificial varieties. The results show that the morphology of these combinations is changing due to the pressure of both internal – paradigm simplification, analogy – and external – influence of standard Spanish – factors. As a result, the traditional continuum has split into several similar varieties whose boundaries coincide with the county political borders.
Geosinonímia o preferència lèxica
Authors: Ramos Joan-Rafael
Published: October 2019

A language codification process frequently involves choosing among several dialectal solutions. Lexical field is one of these cases, especially in dialectal synonymy. Under the pretext of promoting a supradialectal lexical pattern, historical and dialectal lexical options are discriminated in favour of the other that comes from the more influential dialectal area. But problems could arise, because over the course of time, a lexical preference becomes a lexical discrimination. In this paper, we study the topic of synonymy among apegar, aferrar and enganxar with the meaning of ‘stick’ in Catalan. This analysis is based on research conducted on an extensive corpus of texts, as well as on the information provided by different historical dictionaries.
The formation of literary reader and ethical reader
Authors: Llorens García Ramón F.
Published: October 2019

In the present paper, the importance of children’s literature in
the literary and moral education of the readers in formation is studied from
two illustrated albums referred to the war (¡Sálvate,
Elias!) and the dictatorship (The
composition). The relationship established between text and
illustration is an adequate aesthetic and ethical proposal that facilitates
to a greater extent, the moral reflection that must be considered an
essential part of the children’s and youthful readings.
Lifetime extension prediction of the rejuvenated first stage gas turbine blades
Authors: Sabri Khier , Si-Chaib Mohamed Ouali , Gaceb Mohamed
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a novel method for the first stage gas turbine blades lifetime extension based on degraded GTD-111 substrates hardness evolution after the rejuvenation heat treatments (RHTs) process. Moreover, the RHT impact on directionally solidified (DS) GTD-111 nickel-based suparalloys homogenisation and blades hardness properties were revealed and discussed. The measured hardness values indicate that turbine blades hardness progress is closely related to the nucleation of topologically close packed (TCP) phases, irregular γ’ (Ni3, Al) precipitates growth, and Cr-rich M23C6 Coarsening at grain boundaries. Aspects like γ′/γ eutectic regions rafting, cooling holes oxidation attacks, and formation of cavities within γ-matrix were also identified and analysed.
Delineating the contribution of Spc105-bound PP1 to spindle checkpoint silencing and kinetochore microtubule attachment regulation
Authors: Roy Babhrubahan , Verma Vikash , Sim Janice , Fontan Adrienne , Joglekar Ajit P.
Published: October 2019

Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which detects unattached kinetochores, and an error correction mechanism that destabilizes incorrect kinetochore–microtubule attachments. While the SAC and error correction are both regulated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which silences the SAC and stabilizes kinetochore–microtubule attachments, how these distinct PP1 functions are coordinated remains unclear. Here, we investigate the contribution of PP1, docked on its conserved kinetochore receptor Spc105/Knl1, to SAC silencing and attachment regulation. We find that Spc105-bound PP1 is critical for SAC silencing but dispensable for error correction; in fact, reduced PP1 docking on Spc105 improved chromosome segregation and viability of mutant/stressed states. We additionally show that artificially recruiting PP1 to Spc105/Knl1 before, but not after, chromosome biorientation interfered with error correction. These observations lead us to propose that recruitment of PP1 to Spc105/Knl1 is carefully regulated to ensure that chromosome biorientation precedes SAC silencing, thereby ensuring accurate chromosome segregation.
Nutrient mTORC1 signaling underpins regulatory T cell control of immune tolerance
Authors: Do Mytrang H. , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Xian , Chou Chun , Nixon Briana G. , Capistrano Kristelle J. , Peng Min , Efeyan Alejo , Sabatini David M. , Li Ming O.
Published: October 2019

Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells are pivotal regulators of immune tolerance, with T cell receptor (TCR)–driven activated T reg (aT reg) cells playing a central role; yet how TCR signaling propagates to control aT reg cell responses remains poorly understood. Here we show that TCR signaling induces expression of amino acid transporters, and renders amino acid–induced activation of mTORC1 in aT reg cells. T reg cell–specific ablation of the Rag family small GTPases RagA and RagB impairs amino acid–induced mTORC1 signaling, causing defective amino acid anabolism, reduced T reg cell proliferation, and a rampant autoimmune disorder similar in severity to that triggered by T reg cell–specific TCR deficiency. Notably, T reg cells in peripheral tissues, including tumors, are more sensitive to Rag GTPase–dependent nutrient sensing. Ablation of RagA alone impairs T reg cell accumulation in the tumor, resulting in enhanced antitumor immunity. Thus, nutrient mTORC1 signaling is an essential component of TCR-initiated T reg cell reprogramming, and Rag GTPase activities may be titrated to break tumor immune tolerance.
Tracking banking in the Western Climate Initiative cap-and-trade program
Authors: Cullenward Danny , Inman Mason , Mastrandrea Michael D
Published: October 2019

The Western Climate Initiative is a multilateral cap-and-trade program in California and Québec. The California climate regulator has called for cap-and-trade to deliver nearly half of the emission reductions needed to achieve the state’s legally binding limit on greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, making the program the single biggest driver of the state’s post-2020 policy portfolio. However, the program’s supply of compliance instruments has persistently exceeded emissions subject to the program—a condition known as overallocation, which independent studies have projected may continue into the mid-2020s. If market participants purchase and bank excess compliance instruments for future use, they may be able to comply with the program’s regulations while nevertheless emitting significantly in excess of the state’s legally binding 2030 limit. Here, we present methods for tracking observed banking behavior on both an annual and multi-year compliance period basis. By the end of 2018, market participants had already acquired more unused compliance instruments than the regulator anticipated for 2020. The size of the private bank is now comparable to the cumulative mitigation expected from the program over the period 2021 through 2030, raising questions about the program’s ability to achieve its expected reductions. Beyond diagnosing market conditions, banking metrics can also help policymakers design dynamic program reforms that increase program stringency conditional on observed market behavior deviating from expectations.
Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations
Authors: MacKenzie A R , Whyatt J D , Barnes M J , Davies G , Hewitt C N
Published: October 2019

We present allometric-scaling relationships between non-point-source emissions of air pollutants and settlement population, using 3030 urban settlements in Great Britain (home to ca. 80% of the population of that region). Sub-linear scalings (slope < 1.0; standard error on slope ∼0.01; r
2 > 0.6) were found for the oxides of nitrogen (NO
x
) and microscopic airborne particles (PM10 and PM2.5). That is, emissions of these pollutants from larger cities are lower per capita than would be expected when compared to the same population dispersed in smaller settlements. The scalings of traffic-related emissions are disaggregated into a component due to under-use of roads in small settlements and a fraction due to congestion in large settlements. We use these scalings of emissions, along with a scaling related to urban form, to explain quantitatively how and why urban airshed-average air pollutant concentrations also scale with population. Our predicted concentration scaling with population is strongly sub-linear, with a slope about half that of the emissions scaling, consistent with satellite measurements of NO2 columns over large cities across Europe. We demonstrate that the urban form of a particular settlement can result in the airshed-average air pollution of that settlement being much larger or smaller than expected. We extend our analysis to predict that the likelihood of occurrence of local air pollution hotspots will scale super-linearly with population, a testable hypothesis that awaits suitable data. Our analysis suggests that coordinated management of emissions and urban form would strongly reduce the likelihood of local pollutant hotspots occurring whilst also ameliorating the urban heat island effect under climate change.
Towards Sustainable Transportation: Identification of Development Challenges of TOD area in Jakarta Metropolitan Area Urban Railway Projects
Authors: Rosalin A , Kombaitan B , Zulkaidi D , Dirgahayani P , Syabri I
Published: October 2019

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) becomes one of sustainable transportation concepts that have been implemented around the world to overcome the transport problems in certain area. This paper aims to identify and to explain general challenges encountered by Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) in the process of adopting TOD. The study is expected to explain the local context discourse and important elements of the TOD area development. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, by applying both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained from in-depth interview in 4 (four) Focus Group Discussions (FGD) conducted from October 2017 to July 2018. The secondary data was acquired from literature reviews, institution reports, and existing policy review. The study observed 5 (five) TOD project currently developed by the private and public sector, such as TOD Dukuh Atas, TOD Ciracas, TOD Cikoko, TOD Pasar Senen, and TOD Tanjung Barat. It is found that the challenges of developing TOD in the case studies comprise 4 (four) important elements, such as regulation, planning and design of TOD, institutional issues, and funding. In this early stage of developing TOD, Indonesia, specifically JMA, still has ample in understanding the challenges of implementing TOD.
Study of Intermittent-Irrigation Technique to Cropping Patterns and Water Availability at Pemali Kanan Irrigation Area in Brebes Regency
Authors: Kusumo B B , Pranoto S A , Sriyana I
Published: October 2019

Paddy farming is closely related to irrigation water supply since it is a kind of plant that has a high water requirement. Therefore, in major areas in Indonesia, paddy is not recommended to be grown in dry season. In Brebes Regency, many farmers still pick paddy for all three planting seasons that they suffer from insufficient of irrigation water supply. The objectives of this study is to find out how water availability compared with water requirement at Pemali Kanan Irrigation Area in both periods (present time and 20 years to come) and is intermittent irrigation technique required to solve this water supply problem. This research is conducted by calculating water availabilty using FJ Mock Method, generating water availability for the upcoming 2 decades using Thomas-Fiering Method and analysing water requirements for all 13 cropping patterns. Output of the analysis shows that water availability of Pemali River in both periods are statistically identical. Meanwhile, the average water requirements are mostly negative. It means that water requirements for all 13 cropping patterns could be fulfilled by rainfall. The conclusion is that in most 2-weekly periods, rainfall could provide adequate water supply for all areas. Intermittent irrigation technique will only be required in a certain period that is the 3rd planting season which lasts from Juni to October.
Child Pedestrian Friendly Design Principle for the Settlement and Housing area
Authors: Makalew F P
Published: October 2019

Children pedestrian as part of sustainable transportation requires safe and comfortable area for their activity. The design principle of a good quality children pedestrian needs in-depth research. Study involving children pedestrian are related mostly to research with an adult as a major user, behaviour and pedestrian route. This study aim is to analyse the design principle of children pedestrian in settlement and housing area. The location of the study is the city of Manado, Minahasa and North Minahasa Regency. Data is collected through questionnaire and survey on field area and recording through videos and photos of activities in children pedestrian using smartphone and camera. The samples for this research are children pedestrians in selected housing and settlement areas in Winangun area, schools in Manado and North Minahasa Regency. The number of samples is 111 children between the age of 8 to 12-year-old. The result showed children preference of object and place in the walking area. Their choice for pedestrian area is also interesting in which they consider the aspect of safety, comfort and fun for doing their activities in their neighbourhood area and the surrounding school area. A specific regulation for children pedestrian is important when considering child-friendly environments.
The Flexibility of Parking Space of Traditional Market in the City Center (Case Study: Pasar Gede Of Surakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Aliyah I , Aulia S A S
Published: October 2019

The economic growth in the city of Surakarta could be seen in its trading activities. The existing condition of the current parking space is located on the side of the road or on street parking. This has an impact on traffic jams during peak hours. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discover the flexibility of parking space at Pasar Gede Trade Area. The method began with empirical data collection based on Category Based Analysis method in grouping the duration of use, area extent, and technical arrangement of parking space. The result of grouping was then analyzed in terms of temporary spatial flexibility. The results show that the use of parking space area temporarilly can be regarded as a space with the flexibility of Time Cycle and Time Management, whereas conceptually, it is due to the flexibility of Convertibility that occurs naturally from the consciousness of the users. The contribution of the theory which can be generated is the flexibility of space in the context of spatial constraints through the diversity of spatial planning techniques.
Exploring the Role of Transportation Demand Omotenashi (TDO) in the City Center Plaza of Batu
Authors: Agustin I W , Adhianti R A C , Fikriyah  , Shakia N F , Maulidiah I A
Published: October 2019

City center plaza of Batu is one of the icons of Batu city because of its strategic location and attractive design. The large number of visitors to City center plaza of Batu makes the area have a high number of trip attractions. Therefore, it is necessary to have integrated planning, especially in the city center plaza of Batu. The concept of TDO is hospitality, familiarity, and warmth which are considered the right solution to overcome traffic problems in Batu City, especially in the city center plaza of Batu. The research used Transportation Demand Omotenashi Concept and Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP). The results obtained in the research are in the form of strategies that will be applied to the city center plaza of Batu, namely pedestrian arrangement, pedestrianway addition, enforcement of traffic regulations, improvement of public transport services, and parking management.
Sustaining Innovation on Public Health Service by Building Creative Culture in Rural Areas: Case on Program of Pemburu-Bumil-Resti at Banyuwangi Regency - Indonesia
Authors: Asmara A Y , Rahayu A Y S
Published: October 2019

Banyuwangi Regency, located in East Java Province has been popular several breakthroughs in public sector as initiated and promoted by Local Government of Banyuwangi. Innovation on public sector is aimed to deliver public services to Banyuwangi’s local people. One of prominent innovation forms is on public health sector called as The Pemburu-Bumil-Resti Program, aimed to minimize the number of baby and mother mortality rate in Banyuwangi Regency. It is necessary for pregnant women with potential for high-risk birth especially for those occupying in rural areas. The program is successfully considered to improve local people health quality in rural areas, as appreciated by national and international organizations. Unfortunately, this program is still dominantly conducted by Health Agency of Banyuwangi Government at recent time. This study is post-positivistic approach by using case study method conducted in rural areas in Sempu District – Banyuwangi Regency. The research is on an ongoing study starting from 15 January to 15 February 2019. The temporary research finding states that The Pemburu-Bumil-Resti program should be reinforced through building creative culture on rural community to improve participation and awareness of this program and to sustain it in the next period of leadership in Banyuwangi Regency.
Urbanization Phenomena of Small Inland City: Case of Parakan, Central Java
Authors: Septiarani B , Handayani W , Ma’rif S
Published: October 2019

Urban development in Indonesia has been notably figured out with the development of coastal area as the place to provide regional-international trade having the control of labour. Hence, coastal cities and the surrounding areas are rapidly growing to urbanized area. However, rapid development with limited carrying capacity and climate related issues of coastal area has become the challenges of their development. Meanwhile, the growth of inland city also started to gain some attentions. In Central Java, for instance, the emerging of inland city centre has become a new phenomenon in urbanization. Parakan, one of the inland cities in Central Java selected as the study area due to the growing of rural-urban characteristic. This new inland city centre is a part of Temanggung Region, Central Java strategically located in the national road of Semarang to Purwokerto. The intention of this paper is to elaborate the growth of inland city in Central Java, especially in Parakan. The GIS is utilized to analyse the spatial changes in Parakan meanwhile the economic aspects are analysed to find out the indication of shifting economic activities within the city. From the analysis, it is found that changes in population appear in urban area as one of indicators of urbanization in Parakan inland city. As a consequence, the economic activities and the GDP also experience changes due to the growing of urbanized area. The growing of Parakan has been proven that the urbanization phenomenon in Central Java occurs in the inland city inferring that the urbanization pattern in Indonesia, specifically in Central Java, is not only limited to the growth of the coastal cities.
Determining the Location of Shelters for Tsunami Evacuation Based on Service Area Analysis in Paseban Village, Kencong Sub-District, Jember District
Authors: Usman F , Sari I C
Published: October 2019

In each earthquake and tsunami event, efforts to evacuate to a safe place are always the right choice. This is because after the earthquake, the damage caused is usually quite massive. There is little time to react in an evacuation effort to move to a place safe from the reach of the tsunami wave. This study aimed to identify areas affected by the tsunami and the number of people exposed. The data will be used to select the temporary evacuation points that can be used to protect oneself from tsunami waves. The evacuation point was done by the scoring method. The determining of evacuation points took into account the parameters of building functions, distance from shoreline, building area, altitude, number of building floors, distance from the road, and its capacity. The results of this study indicates that, the determining of evacuation sites greatly impacts the area and service areas for Temporary Evacuation Shelter (TES)
Problems and Challenges in Sustaining Rural Land Resources
Authors: Insani T D , Rudiarto I , Wijaya H B
Published: October 2019

The discussion in this paper brings up issues on how the land resources utilization is done mainly as a respond to socioeconomic development instead of achieving sustainability. Delanggu sub-district of Klaten Regency and Kledung sub-district of Temanggung Regency were chosen as the study areas. We collected data and information by conducting Focus Group Discussion in each study area with relevant stakeholders and analysed the issues further using SWOT and problem analysis approach. The result showed that even though land use change is a common issue shared by both study areas, the drivers as well as the approaches taken by the community and stakeholders from each sub-district are different. Kledung sub-district as a rural mountain area appears more sustainable in term of land resource utilization than urbanized Delanggu sub-district which is a plain area. The findings call more challenges for future adaptive approaches to answer the notion of sustainable agriculture in rural area.
Village Development Index of Probolinggo Coastal Villages Case study: Bhinor Village, Paiton District
Authors: Prasetya Y E , Hidayat A R T , Dinanti D
Published: October 2019

One of the factors affecting the development of villages through Village Development Index (IDM) is the access to information and communication technology. Paiton District has the highest level of tele-density and serves as strategic areas of Probolinggo Regency. The activities of the Paiton Steam Power Plant affect the socio-economic conditions of Bhinor community as well as an expansion of the coastline. This research aimed to find out IDM in Bhinor Village related to the existence of the Paiton Steam Power Plant. This study employed IDM composite index and literature review. The results indicated that characteristics of ICT infrastructure services in Bhinor Village tended to BTS services as well as Radio and Telephone. Paiton Steam Power Plant contributes positively to the social and economic activities of the residents in Bhinor Village. In environmental aspects, it produces pollution and changes in the coastline due to abrasion. This is in accordance with the results of the IDM calculation, in which Bhinor Village has a high value on the Economic and Social Security Index. It has a low value on the Environmental Resilience Index. Villagers can use ICT availability to deal with environmental issues and improve Environmental Resilience.
Growth performance of Acacia mangium provenances in Parung Panjang, Bogor and its correlation with physical and mechanical wood properties
Authors: Nurhasybi  , Sudrajat DJ
Published: October 2019

Wood quality and growth are two important parameters that need to be analyzed for the utilization and selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this research was to investigate the ten provenances growth characteristics and their physical and mechanical properties of Acacia mangium at Parung Panjang, Bogor. The provenance trial was arranged in three blocks of a randomized completely blocks design. In every provenance, 18 trees were sampled resulting in a total of 180 trees in each block representing each provenance measured for their total height, clear bole height, stem diameter at breast height, stem form, branching system, and crown form. Three individual trees were selected randomly from each provenance for wood properties traits, i.e. moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rapture (MOR). Significant differences among provenances were detected for stem diameter, clear bole height, branching system and crown form, while total height and stem form revealed not significantly different. Most of growth parameters was not significantly correlated with physical and mechanical wood traits, except for MOR, it revealed significant correlation with the total tree height, stem form, and branching system. Generally, some growth characteristics were not a good indicator for selecting the best provenance in wood properties. The best growth performance was revealed by Kiriwo/Serisa WP, Bimadebun Village, and Balimo District, but from wood quality, the superior provenance was revealed by Bimadebun Village with the lower moisture content, the highest wood density, the highest MOE and MOR. The Bimadebun Village provenance is potential to be developed as provenance seed stand, especialy for solid (contruction) wood.
Characteristics of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Produced by Different Amounts of Oxidant
Authors: Hastuti N. , Kanomata K. , Kitaoka T.
Published: October 2019

The use of oil palm waste as a source of raw materials for nanocellulose production is a promising approach for turning agricultural waste into valuable products. This study aimed to characterize cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) produced by 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO. TEMPO-mediated oxidation was carried out at pH 10 by applying different amounts of oxidant: 10, 15 and 20 mmol/g-cellulose at room temperature for 2 h, where the resultant CNFs were denoted as T-10, T-15 and T-20, respectively. Characterization results revealed that the carbon content of each CNF decreased as compared to the starting pulp, from 40% to ca. 37%. Microscopic analysis showed that the aspect ratios of obtained CNFs remained almost unchanged by increasing the amounts of oxidant, which were ca. 40. The crystallinity indices (CrIs) ranged from 34 to 55%. The carboxy contents of CNFs increased by adding higher amounts of oxidant, but the thermal resistance properties were slightly decreased. High-performance nanomaterials such as TEMPO-oxidized CNFs were successfully prepared to show good characteristics, from low-quality biomass waste such as OPEFB.
Lignocellulosic materials modification and engineering in relation to viscoelastic perspectives
Authors: Dwianto W , Bahanawan A , Darmawan T , Akbar F , Sufiandi S , Adi D S , Damayanti R
Published: October 2019

By 2010, only 52% or 94 million ha of the total land area in Indonesia was forested. Therefore, we should develop forest plantation with fast growing species, or better efficiency and quality improvement for the utilization of forest products. The conventional method of fabricating curved wooden products is to cut wooden beams into a curved wood, and to connect them for the expected curve shape. However, the disadvantages of this conventional woodworking process are wasting of wood raw materials, decreasing the wood strength due to fiber cutting, and reducing the beauty of wood fiber direction. These problems can be overcomed by bending solid wood, as well as curving laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The bending method of solid wood requires special technique and equipment compared to curving method of LVL. The development of commercial products is required to understand basic knowledge of wood bending. This paper deals with lignocellulosic materials modification and engineering in relation to viscoelastic perspectives; describing viscoelastic property of wood and other lignocellulosic materials, and development of furnitures and bicycle frames from LVL curves. It is expected that more modified and engineered products can be made from lignocellulosic materials based on the knowledge of their viscoelastic properties.
Time-lapse geochemical exploration utilizing a multi-depth sampling design
Authors: AbuAli Mahdi
Published: October 2019

The objective of this proposed surface geochemical exploration method is to design a sampling survey in a different way than has been done conventionally. Traditionally, surface sampling is carried out at a depth ranging from 0.5-1.0 meters. A new patented method is proposed to test different depth intervals to reach the optimum depth. The survey is then repeated to verify whether the same results are consistently obtained (time-lapse). A regional east-west transect was chosen to test whether the multi-depth approach would reveal a depth-seepage relationship. The area of interest is ideal for such a study because of its relatively simple petroleum system setting. Hydrocarbons are derived from a single source and trapped in a single reservoir, thereby minimizing or eliminating the risk of confusing signals from multiple reservoirs. The transect runs through a producing well and a dry well for calibration purposes. The geochemical sensors were placed at 1, 5 and 10 meter depths using drilled cased holes along the transect. The sensors were collected after three weeks. A regional trend was established and a comparative model was created, which allowed for contrasting the different depth profiles and validating the resultant geochemical signatures with the typical signature in the area. Encouraging results were achieved from multi-depth seepage profiling in the field, but they were limited by the relatively sparse transect sample pattern. Distinct conclusions were apparent when using both light and mid-range compounds (C2-C5 and C6-C10). The geochemical anomalies suggested an optimal sampling depth for seepage detection based on this study. In some instances positive anomalies were present over undrilled leads in the area. The dataset was modelled using both neural network and linear discriminant techniques. More follow-up work is underway to validate the results by varying the depth profiles, using cased holes vs. non-cased holes, sampling air blanks and repeating the survey to confirm reproducibility of the results (time-lapse effects). The results from this study require validation and future development to improve the technology of multi-depth geochemical profiling before these techniques can be made routine in hydrocarbon exploration. The survey can be conducted concurrently with seismic acquisition to prove the presence of a petroleum charge before making more expensive decisions whether in seismic acquisition or in exploration drilling.
A study on the Identification of Jurassic paleo-oil reservoirs in the Mosuowan uplift, Junggar Basin
Authors: Mi Julei , Wang Pengli , Wang Jian , Gao Xiuwei , Ren Jiangling
Published: October 2019

At present, some small to medium-sized oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Jurassic Lower Sangonghe Formation (J1s). Previous studies speculated that the Mosuowan uplift was an important gathering area for oil and gas migration during the middle and late Jurassic, and it had a large-scale oil accumulation. Due to the southern dipping of the basin during the Himalayan Period, the paleo-oil and gas reservoirs formed in the Mosuowan uplift in the early stage migrated from the south to the north and re-accumulated. In this paper, the grain fluorescence technique was used to measure the fluorescence intensity of hydrocarbons and free hydrocarbons in the particles of the reservoir by laser scanning analysis. The fluid stratigraphy analysis technique was used to remove the free natural gas and light hydrocarbons in the reservoir sandstone by vacuum desorption. The two techniques combined with gas measurement of total hydrocarbons, geochemical parameters and oil test results, identify the height of the ancient oil column, and clarify that most of the wells exist in the exploration layer. But the height of the column is generally small, and most of the single layers are less than 20m, indicating that the Mosuowan uplift does not form a broad-cover type of oil and gas reservoir. Most wells don’t have obvious ancient oil columns.
Origin and hydrocarbon source of the Ordovician high wax content oil in Southern Slope Zone of Dongying Depression
Authors: Zhai Zheng , Cao Zhongxiang , Wang Xuejun , Bao Yan , Qi Yanli , Liu Qing
Published: October 2019

Exploration has inevitably extended into deep layers with ever-increasing exploration for oil and gas. Oils from Ordovician burial hill are recently discovered from Ordovician burial hill in the south slope of Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay basin, and the oils are characterized by high content of waxy alkanes with a low concentration of biomarker and sulphur content. Several types of oils also existed in the south slope of Dongying depression, such as biodegraded oil, normal oils in Shahejie Formation and high wax oils in Kongdian Formation. Forty-three oil samples and twenty-three source rock samples are finely analysed by inclusion analysis, monomer hydrocarbon isotope analysis and absolute content of biomarkers. On the basis of isotope compositions, biomarkers and integrating the physical properties of the hydrocarbons including densities and PVT relationships, it can be speculated that the oils from Ordovician buried hill and Kongdian Formation have the same source, obviously different from the overlying oils from Shahejie Formation. Combined with maturity parameters, biomarkers, and inclusions analysis, it is speculated that the oils are a secondary hydrocarbon accumulation from the mixing of earlier formed oil and a late formed gas, and the oils of Ordovician and Kongdian bear a typical features of deep Es4 source rocks. Aquatic organism, higher plants and bacteria are the source of the waxy oil, and the gas invasion in geological history should be responsible for the formation of the high waxy oils. This study is helpful for unravelling hydrocarbons accumulation mechanisms and deep petroleum resources evaluation in this area. Besides, the research process in this paper can also be applied to other basins to explore for high wax oil reservoirs.
Effect of CO2 injection on adsorption of methane on shale from the Sichuan Basin in China
Authors: Zhang C , Zhou S X , Li J , Chen K F , Li P P , Sun Z X
Published: October 2019

In order to understand the change of adsorption capacity of methane (CH4) after carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into shale at high pressure condition. The pore structure character and adsorption capacity of CH4 were analysed via low-pressure N2 adsorption and isothermal adsorption measurements for original and supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) treated shale samples from Jiaoshiba area in the Sichuan Basin. The results show that the ScCO2 treated samples have lower specific surface areas, less micropore and mesopore, and more macropore compare to original one. For ScCO2 treated shale samples, specific surface area and micropore decrease with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the absolute adsorption capacity of CH4 in original shale is higher than that in ScCO2 treated ones, indicating that micropore specific surface area is probably the main factor controlling adsorption capacity of CH4 on shale. For all samples, the absolute adsorption capacity of CH4 increase with increasing pressure from 0 MPa to 43 MPa and then tended to be stable.
Formability and Grained Structure Refinement of Cold-Rolled Friction Stir Welded AA5754 Sheet
Authors: Cabibbo Marcello , Paoletti Chiara , Simoncini Michela , Forcellese Archimede
Published: October 2019

Among different welding techniques currently available in the market, friction stir welding (FSW) is surely considered as an effective and reliable joining technique. Friction stir welds are characterized by lack of voids, cracks and distortions, as the technique does not involve any material fusion. The grained structure of the weld joint is generally finer than the base material. In particular, the nugget zone (NZ) experiences a dynamic recrystallization process during FSW that generally guarantees a stable very-fine grained structure. In the present study, the effect of cold rolling (CR) on the formability limits, the resulted microstructure, and mechanical response of FSW but joint was investigated. To this purpose, an AA5754 aluminium alloy was used. The FSW was performed with rotational and welding speeds equal to 1200 rpm and 100 mm/min, respectively, and an initial tool sinking of 0.1 mm. Strips extracted from the FSWed sheets were CR, with the rolling direction perpendicular to the welding line. Two setups were used in the CR experiments. One, conventional to determine the formability limit of the FSW AA5754 sheet; a second one performed in a CR set-up designed to induce an equivalent strain ε ∼ 1, in a single passage through the CR gage. This was aimed to make the post-FSW CR able to induce a further grained structure reduction within the NZ.
High Temperature Deformation and Microstructure Evolution Behaviours of 7075 Cast Aluminum Alloy under Multi-pass Loading
Authors: Zhang Ranyang , Zhao Gangyao , Yu Huan , Shuai Gewang , Wu Longtao , Jin Chenbo , He Long , Kang Chunshuang
Published: October 2019

To analyse the effects of loading pass and heating temperature on the deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of 7075 cast aluminium alloy, multi-pass high temperature loading experiments on Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation compressor were carried out. The results indicated that under each loading, all the true stress-strain curves are typical dynamic recrystallization curves. As strain increases, the stress increases sharply and then basically remains unchanged when it reaches a maximum value. As temperature rise, the peak value of flow stress slightly decreases when the temperature is less than 350°C, whereas it increases slightly when the temperature is larger than 350°C. The grain was elongated perpendicular to the axis. Only a small amount of fine recrystallized grains were found to nucleate and grow at grain boundaries at a lower temperature (250°C). As temperature increased, the recrystallized grain gradually increases, and its proportion gradually also increases until the recrystallization is basically completed. The achievements can provide a guideline to select processing parameters for the processes of metal forming of 7075 cast aluminium alloy, such as ingot blooming, spinning and extrusion.
The Surface Chemistry of the Mild Steel and Glass Substrates for Thermal Spray
Authors: Xie Wei
Published: October 2019

The surface chemical condition of substrates plays a key role in single splats formation. Single splats are the foundation of thermal spray coatings. In this study, the surface chemistry of the mild steel and glass substrates were investigated. The result indicated that the 100 °C heat treatment released the absorbents of mild steel substrates. The adsorbed water disappears from the surface of the mild steel sample after one hour of heat treatment at 100 °C; there is no adsorbed water on the surface of the glass sample.