bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Over-ground Adaptive Cycling on Physical Activity Participation in Children with Physical Disabilities
Authors:   , Thompson Christina Zabrodski , Chiarello Lisa A
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study examined the potential impact home access to adaptive 3-wheeled cycles has on physical activity (PA) in children with physical disabilities and sought to better understand the cycling experience from the perspective of children and their families. Exploratory measures investigated the influence of adaptive cycling on participation, functional mobility, and muscle strength. Methods: A pilot study, including 5 children between the ages of 5 and 15 and their families, was completed with pre-post measures of PA utilizing activity logs and The Children's Leisure Activity Study Survey (CLASS). Cycle use data was captured utilizing GPS based cycle computers and periodic completion of activity logs. Parent survey and child interviews, in addition to activity logs, provided insight to the child and family cycling experiences. Secondary measures completed pre- and post- included the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP), the Timed Up and Go (TUG), and handheld dynamometry (HHD). Individual case data was examined and compiled. Group calculations were completed on Likert scale questions from parent questionnaire to inform acceptability and feasibility of study design. Results: Child PA was variable throughout the study period for each child without consistent change in PA across participants. Children reported enjoyment of cycling, were able to delineate between the 'fun' and 'work' components of cycling and appropriately related fatigue or muscle soreness to their cycling experience. Parents appear to value the cycling experience for their children. No measurable change in participation, functional mobility, or muscle strength was noted. Study design was generally feasible and acceptable with insights from parents informing future study design. Conclusion: Adaptive 3-wheeled cycling is an enjoyable and meaningful experience for children and valued by parents. Although no consistent improvement in PA was observed, clinicians should consider adaptive cycling as a potential avenue to support PA in children with disabilities.
An updated model of perceived stress in caregivers for acquired brain injury
Authors:   , Williams Rebecca B. , Schultheis Maria
Published: October 2023

The current study aimed to elucidate the internal and external factors which contribute to perceived stress and outcomes in the caregivers of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). There is consistent evidence of poor mental and physical health outcomes in caregivers for those with ABI, which additionally negatively impacts the recovery of the individual they are caring for. The literature on the contributing factors to caregiver outcomes is rich but lacks a comprehensive model which can accurately predict perceived stress, mental and physical health in caregivers for ABI. The proposed study aimed to develop and assess a model elucidating the factors which contribute to caregiver stress by improving upon the Perceived Stress Model of Caregiver Burden (PSB; Chwalisz, 1996). Specifically, the modified PSB (mPSB) evaluates the impact of patient functional status, time since their injury and caregiver emotional intelligence (EI), in addition to the variables included in the original PSB. Using data collected via online surveys from 198 caregivers for individuals hospitalized with ABI within the prior 10 years, these models, along with a Post-Hoc Model, were evaluated utilizing structural equation modeling techniques (SEM). Findings showed that the PSB was the strongest fit to the data, and that the Post-Hoc Model explained the most variance in outcomes of interest. Moreover, the study found that patient-related variables are less impactful than EI, social support and engagement in coping in predicting outcomes for these caregivers. Future studies would benefit from the inclusion of EI in evaluating caregiver burden, as well as the development of interventions in this population related to this construct to improve their outcomes.
Essays on Banking and Credit
Authors:   , Wu Kejia , Serfes Konstantinos , Dai Mian
Published: October 2023

In a broader sense, this thesis aims to contribute to understanding the credit market regarding the roles of consumers, institutions, and regulators. It is divided into three chapters. The first chapter (jointly with Dr. Kostantinos Serfes, Dr. Panos Avramidis, and Dr. George Pennacchi) analyzes how regulation that promotes greater access to bank credit, such as the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), impacts the financing of small firms. It finds that when areas become CRA-eligible, the likelihood of bank lending to local small firms increases and firms reduce late trade credit payments, consistent with loans allowing small firms to pay trade credit more promptly and avoid late payment fees. The effect is more profound in low- and moderate-income areas where financial constraints are tighter due to low bank competition. The effect is also larger for small firms that operate in trade credit-dependent industries. The second chapter (jointly with Dr. Kostantinos Serfes and Dr. Panos Avramidis) addresses the question of whether the recent proliferation of technology in the lending process has an impact on business loan market competition. Using a theoretical model that assumes heterogeneity in lenders' screening ability and borrowers' investment horizon, we show that FinTech (traditional) lenders primarily supply unsecured (asset-backed) loans to borrowers with short-term (long-term) projects. The model builds on the interplay between screening ability and collateral requirements to characterize the competition between two ex-ante symmetric lenders. Lenders use screening technology and collateral requirements to mitigate competition and restrict the supply of credit through an endogenous segmentation of markets with different maturities. As information technology improves, the effect on credit supply and equilibrium interest rates is more nuanced and depends on the maturity of the market. The results offer a supply-side explanation for the growth of unsecured lending. The final chapter aims to understand how the credit terms of auto loan contracts affect new car transac- tions. Using a national sample of new car transactions in the United States, I estimate a random coefficient discrete choice model that explicitly incorporates credit terms such as interest rate and maturity to drive consumer preference for the combined car and car loan product in addition to traditional car characteristics. Including credit terms significantly increases estimated price elasticity, indicating that credit terms have a large effect on consumers' price sensitivity for the car. Moreover, buyers of the less premium car models are more likely to substitute across car models and maturity segments than across car models. Lastly, although U.S. auto dealerships have the discretion to mark up auto loans like cars, the result of the firm conduct test does not reject separate pricing or joint pricing of cars and car loans by auto sellers.
To Comply or not to Comply
Authors:   , Ray Valerie Kaye , Tzabbar Daniel , Gefen David
Published: October 2023

Compliance with FDA regulations is required in the medical device industry, as is the need to innovate radically and incrementally in product development, operations, and across business systems. These competing priorities create managerial paradoxes that the extant literature has not yet addressed. This research looks at the relationships between compliance, innovation capacity and product field quality, using publicly available FDA data and the Research QuotientTM.
Una revisión sistemática en cuanto a la efectividad de cumplimiento de responsabilidades alimentarias en favor del niño (a) o adolescente
Authors: Hernandez Reyes Andrea Katheryn , Ugaldez León Estefany Yashiri , Talavera Cubas Marco Antonio
Published: October 2023

El incumplimiento de la obligación de pensión de alimentos, acarrea un problema lo que conlleva que muchos menores se vean perjudicados, puesto que los alimentos cubren las necesidades básicas del niño(a) y adolescente.

El objetivo fue investigar de qué manera ante el incumplimiento de la responsabilidad alimentaria se hace efectiva las sanciones, cabe señalar que, en el Perú, los alimentos son derechos indispensables para el menor, de acuerdo a las necesidades que este requiera, para ello el obligado es quien debe cumplir con su responsabilidad.

La metodología fue de revisión bibliográfica estructurada de enfoque cualitativo, con diseño multimodal de análisis temático fenomenográfico desde 30 artículos de las bases de open access de Scielo, Scopus, Wos, realizando una búsqueda desde el método prisma, utilizando el método híbrido inductivo-deductivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión desde una revisión sistemática de artículos encontrados en la base de datos de revistas indexadas de rigor científico, únicamente en español, con una antigüedad de diez años. 

Los resultados y discusión señalan que, en diversas partes de Latinoamérica, incumplen con prestar alimentos, ya que se suscitan diversos factores, lo que hace que el obligado incumpla con su responsabilidad alimentaria.

Finalmente, se concluye que, en base al análisis de la problemática planteada, en muchas situaciones no se cumple con efectuar las sanciones impuestas al obligado tras incumplir con su deber de prestar alimentos al menor. Para ello es necesario que se efectué correctamente las sanciones, para que los niños(as) y adolescentes no se vean perjudicados en su desarrollo y bienestar.
La ausencia de guía estomatológica legal frente a la valoración de lesiones al sistema estomatognático en Instituto de Medicina Legal peruano
Authors: Puerta Jarama Pedro Antonio , Cueva-Quezada Nilton Isaias
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar la ausencia de una guía estomatológica legal frente a la valoración de lesiones en el sistema estomatognático. Instituto de medicina legal, 2021. Para lograr tal fin, se recurrió a la metodología del enfoque cualitativo, tipo básico y de diseño fenomenológico, con la técnica basado en estudio de caso; asimismo, se contó con participantes expertos en la materia, a quienes se les proporcionó una guía de entrevista; así mismo, se empleó la guía de análisis de fuente documental para analizar los requerimientos que exige la investigación y dos expedientes judiciales como estudio de caso. Los resultados del trabajo de investigación fueron constituidos a través de la guía de entrevista, de análisis documental, estudio de caso, trabajos previos y corrientes teóricas, con la finalidad de contrastar nuestros supuestos a través de la triangulación de los datos obtenidos.  Finalmente se concluyó que la relación entre la ausencia de una guía estomatológica legal frente a la valoración de lesiones al sistema estomatognático. Instituto de Medicina Legal, 2021 es directa, toda vez que los operadores de justicia no cuentan con una guía estomatológica legal lo cual predispone a que se resuelvan los fallos sin un rigor científico, técnico y procedimental específico.
Termómetro de la Violencia familiar en grupos vulnerables. Un analisis comparado Perú – Argentina
Authors: Cryan Glenda , Vela-Vásquez Rodolfo , Ludeña Manco Diego Conrado , Cueva-Quezada Nilton Isaias
Published: October 2023

La pandemia del coronavirus y las medidas de aislamiento establecidas para prevenir los contagios masivos han cambiado la vida cotidiana de niños, niñas, adolescentes y mujeres, limitándose los vínculos que se establecen habitualmente por fuera del seno endogámico: amigos, docentes, familiares cercanos, profesionales de la salud, entre otros.  Hoy compete un replanteamiento de la percepción de la violencia familiar que parte desde indagar las diferencias en la conceptualización de la violencia familiar y sus implicancias legales, sociales, económicas y culturales desde un análisis comparado para así instituir un termómetro que interprete la violencia en grupos vulnerables en su real contexto, proponiendo construir un instrumento desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria y de políticas públicas que apunten a detectar, prevenir e intervenir con eficiencia ante este tipo de situaciones, evitando además cualquier sesgo de revictimización. La presente investigación es de enfoque cualitativo y tiene como propósito realizar un análisis fenomenológico desde un artículo original corto, de tipo básica, , con nivel descriptivo interpretativo, puntualizando las características adjetivas de la fenomenología presentada.
Parametric evaluation of solar integrated combined partial cooling supercritical CO2 cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle using low global warming potential fluids
Authors: KHAN Yunis , MISHRA Radhey Shyam , RAMAN Roshan , HASHMI Abdul Wahab
Published: October 2023

In this study, the performance of the organic Rankine cycle combined with the partial cooling supercritical CO2 cycle as the bottoming cycle for recovering the low grade heat powered by a
solar power tower was evaluated. Ecofriendly fluids were taken into consideration. To simulate the model under consideration, a computer programme was created in engineering equation
solver software. The impacts of solar radiation, concentration ratio, solar incidence angle, CO2 turbine inlet temperature, heat exchanger effectiveness and main compressor inlet tempera-ture were investigated. Based on working fluid R1224yd(Z), it was determined that the com-bined cycle’s thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and power output improved from 35.16% to 55.43%, 37.73% to 59.42%, and 188 kW to 298.5 kW, respectively, as solar irradiation raised from 0.4 kW/m2 to 0.95 kW/m2. Lower the solar incidence angle and higher the concentration ratio can enhance the combined system’s performance. Amongst the working fluids that were taken into account, R1224yd(Z) was suggested as having superior performance.
Temperature effect in the energy degradation of photovoltaic power system
Authors: AJ ALMAHDAWI Yasseen , KH ABBAS Mohammed , AL-SAMARI Ahmed , ALDABASH Nazar , HAFEDH Saadoon Abdul
Published: October 2023

The modelling of output power for the photovoltaic system is essential for system design and local resource prediction. Accurate photovoltaic power modelling the foremost vital issue is systems efficiency analysis. The temperature plays the main role in the energy degradation of the photovoltaic systems, especially in the host sites. In this paper, experimental and theoreti-cal investigation into the photovoltaic module energy degradation due to temperature effects. This work objectives to investigate the photovoltaic power generated due to the ambient tem-perature effect. The presented results show that the ambient temperature has positive effects on the photovoltaic module energy production during the winter period and negative effects during the summer period. For the proposed photovoltaic system with a capacity of 2.97 kWp the expected theoretical annual energy production by about 554.01 kWh while the annual experiment production was l493.73 kWh. The novelty of the work is to estimate the energy losses due to the ambient temperature effect on the photovoltaic energy production.
The Role of Women's Leadership Characteristics in Shaping Job Autonomy and Its Effects on Employee Innovation Performance
Authors: Dewi Puspa , Alviani Devi
Published: October 2023

Research aims: This study investigates the impact of women's leadership traits on employee innovation performance and the role of job autonomy as an intermediary.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, focusing on micro-level analysis, with 323 employees from a Pekanbaru Public Health Center (Puskesmas) as the target population. One hundred seventy-five samples were obtained using Cluster Random Sampling, and the SEM statistical test and Smart PLS 4.0 software were utilized for quantitative analysis.Research findings: Women's characteristic leadership supports the creation and development of employee innovation performance. It will be better if the provision of work autonomy accompanies it.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Developing a job autonomy theory covers procedural autonomy, soft skills, and decision-making. Scheduling autonomy includes time flexibility and technical tasks. Autonomy within job criteria is assessed through task priority, management, and performance.Practitioners/Policy Implications: The research highlights the importance of work autonomy in Pekanbaru Health Centers, highlighting the role of women's leadership characteristics and proving that women possess the same abilities as men, thereby supporting employee innovation performance.Research Limitations/Implications: The study suggests that future research could benefit from a longitudinal design to assess theory constructs over time, considering the limitations of cross-sectional designs and the limited sample size of Pekanbaru City Health Center employees, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis.
Enhancing Individual Positive Reaction to Organizational Change Through Transformational Leadership and Change Agent’s Credibility
Authors: Deviana Riszty Budi , Hendarsjah Hidajat
Published: October 2023

Research aims: This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and the credibility of change agents on the positive reactions of individuals. Reactions are not dichotomized into forms of support and resistance but are analyzed using a three-dimensional attitude approach: cognitive, emotional, and intentional.Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this research was civil servants at BPS-Statistics in Central Java Province, consisting of 35 regencies/municipalities. Simple random sampling was used to sample the population; there were 304 respondents. The data were then collected by self-enumeration with an online questionnaire and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling—Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).Research findings: Based on statistical results, the six hypotheses proposed demonstrated a significant positive effect on all relationships between variables. Transformational leadership and change agents' credibility positively correlated with the individual positive reactions, i.e., cognitive, emotional, and intentional reactions. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: In the theory of force fields, Kurt Lewin states that the success of organizational change can be achieved by increasing the forces that drive change. This strength can be sourced from the positive reactions of individuals in the organization, where these reactions are along the cognitive, emotional, and intentional dimensions. Understanding individual reactions through the tripartite concept provides clearer information about individual reactions to change.Practitioners/Policy Implications: By applying a transformational leadership style, positive reactions to organizational change can be comprehensively enhanced in three dimensions, i.e., cognitive, emotional, and intentional. In addition, the change agent appointed to facilitate change must also have credibility.Research Limitations/Implications: This study only analyzed the relationship between the antecedent variables and the positive reactions of individuals without considering the negative reactions. Hence, the influence of reaction ambivalence on an individual's reaction to change can also be explored in future studies.
How Does Green Human Resource Management Improve Sustainable Organizational Performance in Public Services?
Authors: Astuti Sih Darmi , Riyanto Fery , Demircioglu Aytekin
Published: October 2023

Research Aims: The issues, such as global warming, increasing levels of pollution, increasing carbon, and climate change, make it mandatory for all organizations to strive to preserve the environment and work for the welfare of society. The aim to be achieved in this study was to explore the practice of green human resource management (GHRM) and its contribution to increasing sustainable organizational performance (SOP) through green service innovation (GSI) in the local government organizations of Semarang City, Indonesia.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a quantitative method. The data in this study were collected using closed online questionnaires for the leaders of the civil servants in each regional government organization in Semarang City. The data analysis employed the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) utilizing the software of Smart PLS 3.Research Findings: The results of the data analysis demonstrated that all proposed hypotheses were accepted. It has been proven that GHRM and GSI could, directly and indirectly, improve SOP in Semarang City Government through the primary indicator of the vision of developing environmental management and services for the community and environmentally friendly digital service innovations.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: GSI could mediate the relationship between GHRM and SOP. In addition, this study revealed that the digital elements of public services in GSI enormously increased SOP.Practitioners/Policy Implications: The results have been good news for leaders in public service organizations with different policies on becoming sustainable organizations and preserving environmentally friendly practices in serving the community.Research Limitations/Implications: The authors recognize that the current study has limitations. This research only focused on organizational performance. Since the authors see that GHRM and GSI practices play a decisive role for employees, this study recommends further research to investigate the role of GHRM and GSI on employee performance.
Impact of Innovation Leadership on Supply Chain Efficiency: The Role of Process Improvement
Authors: Purwoko Purwoko , Hassan Zainudin Bin
Published: October 2023

Research aims: This research aims to determine the influence of innovation leadership on supply chain efficiency mediated by process improvement.Design/Methodology/Approach: The objects of this research were micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) players in the creative economy sector in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Measurements of the outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing (directly and indirectly) were carried out on the data sample of MSME actors in the creative economy sector in Yogyakarta Special Region utilizing the SmartPLS statistical tool. The sampling employed purposive sampling with a total sample size of 267 creative economy MSMEs.Research Findings: The results uncovered that innovation leadership positively affected supply chain efficiency, implying that innovation leadership could significantly improve supply chain efficiency. Innovation leadership also positively influences process improvement, showing that if the innovation leadership is good, process improvement will increase significantly. In addition, process improvement positively impacted supply chain efficiency, indicating that process improvement could significantly improve supply chain efficiency. Lastly, process improvement could mediate the effect of innovation leadership on supply chain efficiency significantly, denoting that process improvement has a highly important role in improving supply chain efficiency. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study indicates that innovative leaders are highly important in improving their supply chain efficiency, and process improvement as a mediating variable, a novelty in this study, has a very significant role for innovative leaders in improving supply chain efficiency.Practitioners/Policy Implications: Creative economy MSMEs must become innovative leaders in their businesses to increase efficiency in the supply chain. In addition, MSMEs need to continuously improve their business processes, especially in the supply chain.Research Limitations/Implications: The independent variable in this research was only one, i.e., innovation leadership, so it is less comprehensive. To be more comprehensive, other independent variables, such as intellectual capital or moderating variables of government policies, can be added.
Evaluation of collum angle of maxillary incisors on impacted vs non impacted canine Side: A CBCT analysis
Authors: Nazir Sheikh Zahid , Mushtaq Mohammad
Published: October 2023

The angle which is formed between the crown axis and root axis of an upper central incisor is called collum angle and this angle serves as an important morphological feature for normal development of the dentition and plays a vital role during diagnosis and treatment planning and may vary in different malocclusions i.e; skeletal and dental malocclusions.

To quantify and compare the collum angle (crown root angulation) of maxillary incisors (central and lateral incisor) in subjects with unilateral permanent maxillary canine impaction between the impacted and non impacted side using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Thirty subjects with unilateral permanent maxillary canine impaction who had to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment were selected and their CBCT images were analysed. The collum angle of maxillary central and lateral incisor on impaction and non impaction side was measured using CBCT imaging. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and the mean±standard deviation was calculated and comparison between two sides was made by using paired t-test and a p value of less <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The collum angle of central and lateral incisor between impacted and non impacted side were averaged. Thus, the mean±standard deviation and standard error of the collum angle (n-30) were calculated for maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor on both sides. The mean±sd of the collum angle of maxillary central incisor on impacted and non impacted side was 1.39±7.16 and 2.33±5.86 respectively with a p value of 0.282, while as the mean±sd of the collum angle of maxillary lateral incisor on impacted and non impacted side was 3.09±6.26 and 5.24±5.28 respectively with a p value of 0.060 which was considered as statistically insignificant between the two sides.

A decrease in collum angle was found on impaction side with a more decreased value for lateral incisor when comparison was made with non impaction side, but no statistically significant difference was found.
Treatment of an adolescent patient with class ii division 1 malocclusion by extraction and forsus fatigue resistant device: Case report
Authors: Younus A Abrar , Ahmed Nausheer , Shetty Shreya K
Published: October 2023

Treatment of a patient presenting with Class II malocclusion requires careful diagnosis and treatment planning to resolve esthetic, occlusal, and functional problems. Over the decades numerous treatment options have been presented to treat class II malocclusions. Orthodontic camouflage being a cost-effective, non-surgical treatment option has been well accepted by patients to mask their underlying skeletal discrepancy, while providing acceptable facial esthetics and occlusion.

This case report presents the treatment by four first premolar extractions followed by Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) therapy in a 14 years old female patient with skeletal Class II base due to the retrognathic mandible, proclined upper and lower front teeth with an overjet of 5 mm, and unwilling for surgery in the future.

After undergoing the treatment, an optimal static and functional occlusion was attained, yielding a favorable outcome.
Risk factors for prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care centre of North India
Authors: Choudhary Mamta , Dulani Nisha , Solanki Meghna , Dulani Harish
Published: October 2023

Background: The goal of the current study was to shed light on the risk factors responsible for the prevalance of ROP in infants born before 34 weeks of gestation or in infants born with birth weights under 2000 g admitted in NICU at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted on 160 neonates after ethical clearance within a period of four months. The study population comprised of neonates less than 34 week of gestational age and with birth weight less than 2000 gm and gestational age between 34-36 weeks. All statistical analysis was done using appropriate statistical software like SPSS (Statistical Sciences Package for Social). Categorical / Nominal variables were indicated as number and percentage and were surveyed using Chi square test or Fischer exact test. Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Results: Among the 160 neonates screened, 30 neonates were found to have Retinopathy of prematurity, giving a rate of 18.8% for ROP. Among the 30 neonates with ROP, 10 (33.3%) delivered at gestational age <32 weeks, 12 (40%) had respiratory distress syndrome, 19 (63.3%) had sepsis, 23 (76.7%) required oxygen therapy, 5 (16.7%) received mechanical ventilation, 18 (60%) received blood transfusion, 17 (56.7%) had hypoglycemia. Other risk factors have been discussed in detail in the article. Conclusion: Prematurity, low birth weight, inadvertent use of oxygen therapy blood transfusion, sepsis and hypoglycemia were found to be significant risk factor for ROP.
Tecnologías asistivas para pacientes ancianos con demencia: perspectivas desde la bioética de los cuidados en salud
Authors: Cunha Isis Laynne de Oliveira Machado
Published: October 2023

La demencia es actualmente una de las enfermedades más comunes que afecta a las personas mayores, siendo la séptima causa principal de muerte. Provoca pérdida de memoria, dificultad para razonar y, por consiguiente, dificultades para tomar y ejecutar decisiones, por lo que las tecnologías de asistencia y estimulación cognitiva son valiosos recursos en el proceso de cuidado. Desde una investigación teórica basada en la bioética de los cuidados en salud y en las investigaciones de Aline Albuquerque y Victor Montori, este artículo aborda, en primer lugar, el concepto de bioética en el cuidado de la salud, la atención centrada en el paciente y la idea de empatía clínica; en segundo lugar, se centra en el empleo de tecnologías asistivas para el cuidado de adultos mayores con demencia y, por último, plantea la discusión sobre si el proceso de atención podría ser considerado como una tecnología sanitaria.
A refusal to exercise rights under the contract on the basis of the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Mashtakov I. V.
Published: October 2023

In this study, the author was interested in the legislative approach to the conditions and methods of implementing the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (RF Civil Code), which consider the possibility of a refusal to exercise rights under the contract as an exception to the general rule, when such refusal in the future will entail the inadmissibility of repeated exercise of this right for the same reasons. The author analyzed certain norms of the RF Civil Code, when provisions on a refusal to exercise rights under the contract found their application in specific situations. Such norms of the RF Civil Code confirmed the main goal of the legislator when introducing the provisions under study. It consists in ensuring that business entities fully use the freedom of a contract, exercise their rights in the contract at their own discretion, exercise the right of a refusal, but do not seek to abuse the freedom granted to them. As a part of the analysis of the RF Civil Code norms, the author identified the conditions and methods for implementing the provisions on a refusal to exercise rights, the consequences of such a refusal, as well as distinctive features allowing distinguishing the provisions under study from the RF Civil Code provisions on the repudiation of a contract (its execution) as a whole. Conclusions are drawn that allow understanding the legal sufficiency and practical necessity of applying the studied provisions of the RF Civil Code in civil circulation.
The excessive use of foreign terms and other negative trends in the constitutional law science
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Bobrova N. A.
Published: October 2023

The paper covers the analysis and systematization of negative trends related to the methodology and categorical framework of scientific research in the field of constitutional law science. There are very few such studies at the present stage of legal science, and there are practically no such studies in the science of constitutional law. The purpose of the paper is to analyze, systematize, and classify negative trends in scientific research in the field of constitutional law from the point of view of methodology, the conceptual and categorical framework of scientific research and their relationship with the law enforcement practice, as well as the correctness of the language of scientific publications. The author uses historical, sociological, logical, formal legal, system, and comparative approaches, as well as the observation and description methods. The author concludes on the following: 1) the use of foreign-language terms in scientific research can be reasonable or unreasonable; 2) authors introducing and using foreign terms are often guided not by the essence of science as an increment of new scientific knowledge, but by various pseudo-scientific reasons; 3) the increase in the frequency of use of foreign terms is developing into a negative trend cluttering the conceptual and categorical framework of science; 4) the excessive use of foreign terms is a part of the general problem of the state of the conceptual-categorical framework of the constitutional law science; 5) negative trends in the methodology of the constitutional law science affect negatively both its conceptual and categorical framework and the relationship between science and practice, the attitude of legislators and law enforcers to scientific research and science in general.
Psychological aspects of perception of negative news on the Internet
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management – Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Frolov I. S. , Chernov A. Yu. ,   Volgograd Institute of Management – Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation,   Volgograd State Physical Education Academy
Published: October 2023

News is an integral part of the life of a modern human. Viewing news sources and social media became the leading way people spend their free time in many countries. Some researchers state that audiences deliberately choose to read negative news. The information influence is psychological in nature. The development of digital technologies creates both opportunities and threats. The purpose of the study is to determine the structural components of the perception of negative news on the Internet and record their psychological content. The authors used a qualitative research method. Using a semi-structured interview, a maximally variable sample of respondents was surveyed. To process the interview data, thematic analysis was used. The study involved 13 people aged 20–45 years. This age category most actively consumes news content from the Internet. Data validity was achieved by meeting the criteria of structural justifiability, consistency of interpretive procedures, and referent adequacy. The study identified a multi-level model consisting of cognitive, emotional and psychophysiological aspects of the perception of negative news. The following negative impact of negative news on the mental sphere of life was established: intense negative emotional sufferings, depressed mood, disturbance of sleep, asthenia. When experiencing long-term negative emotional and psychophysiological symptoms, the respondents use the strategy of avoiding and rejecting negative news.
The model for assessing the maturity and effectiveness of the internal control system
Authors:   I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Safonova M. F. , Mamushkina N. V. ,   AO Knyaginino Clothing Factory
Published: October 2023

Small and medium-sized businesses do not pay due attention to the functional resources of the internal control system (ICS), which affects the effectiveness of management decisions. Economic entities that regularly use ICS assessment are able to achieve a higher level of control environment maturity by optimizing business processes. The purpose of the study is to formulate quantitative and qualitative criteria for assessing the level of internal control maturity allowing for its systematic monitoring in medium and small business organizations. As a part of this study, using the developed tests of controls, including a recommended set of indicators characterizing the maturity of the internal control system, the authors carried out a qualitative assessment of the existing internal control system and identified risk areas. The quantitative indicators proposed by the authors and analyzed over time provide a more objective measurable assessment of the effectiveness of the organization’s internal control system according to the five basic elements of the COSO model. The authors proposed to analyze the causes of deficiencies, determine the frequency of their occurrence and identify ineffective control procedures within business processes for internal control systems of different maturity levels. A conceptual model for assessing the maturity and effectiveness of the internal control system for small and medium-sized businesses has been developed. The model is based on quantitative and qualitative indicators, which allows assessing the internal control system and enables the management of organizations to analyze the effectiveness of the applied internal control procedures and make management decisions on their adjustment, thus minimizing financial, labor and resource costs. The use of the proposed unified control procedures, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of control procedures, makes it possible to timely identify entrepreneurial risks inherent in any business entity, which is impossible in the absence of a formalized control environment.
The development of temporary accommodation and food services in the context of structural transformation of the economy of Belarus
Authors:   Belarus State Economic University, Kozlovskaya M. V.
Published: October 2023

Temporary accommodation and food services are the driver of the development of service industry in many countries. In this regard, the issue of assessing the development of these services for further forecasting and modeling is relevant. At the same time, the continuous process of economic transformation complicates an accurate and objective assessment of the development of services at the macro level. The study covers the development of a methodology for assessing the development of temporary accommodation and food services in the context of the structural transformation of the economy. The methodology was formed as a result of the analysis of international experience in assessing the development of services in the hospitality industry and in the tourism industry as a whole. The developed methodology involves defining the evaluation goal, identifying the groups of indicators characterizing the development of temporary accommodation and food services and structural transformation of the economy, distinguishing indicators within each group, their standardization and calculation of a complex index of the development of temporary accommodation and food services. Thus, the result of the assessment is an index that considers 15 indicators grouped into 5 blocks and reflects the level of the development of temporary accommodation and food services, taking into account the structural transformation of the economy. The obtained methodology was applied for the Republic of Belarus in the whole and for its individual regions, which allowed assessing the level and dynamics of the development of temporary accommodation and food services in each region of the country.
The influence of the supply mains parameters on the stability of phase control during resistance welding
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Klimov A. S. , Kudinov A. K. ,   Togliatti State University, Klimov V. S. ,   Togliatti State University, Eltsov V. V. ,   Togliatti State University, Boldyrev D. A. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: October 2023

Resistance welding in large-scale manufacturing is carried out with a significant number of disturbances, the cumulative effect of which may exceed the capabilities of modern control equipment. Most resistance welding control systems used in industry to compensate for existing disturbances provide welding current phase control depending on the measured parameters characterizing the process of welded joint formation. The efficiency of such controllers is largely determined by the accuracy of measuring and setting the phase control parameters, which include the opening and conduction angles of welding thyristors. The paper shows that when switching on a contact machine, a phase shift of the mains voltage occurs in the load mode relative to the mains voltage in the idle mode. Using a simplified electric equivalent circuit of a contact welding machine, the paper describes the nature of the phase shift of the mains voltage. Circuit active resistance and inductance are selected as parasitic parameters of the mains. The authors simulated the electrical processes in the contact machine according to the three-loop equivalent circuit. The study shows the influence of mains parasitic parameters on the phase regulation stability, the features of the obtained current and voltage oscillograms. Depending on the mains and contact welding machine parameters, the phase shift magnitude ranges from fractions to units of an electrical degree. With welding current parametric stabilization by the mains voltage, the influence of mains parasitic parameters can be neglected. When the regulator operates in the mode of maintaining the secondary current numerical value, a decrease in the generated current relative to the specified one is observed. The authors proposed and tested a technique for determining the parasitic parameters of the supply mains based on the results of a short circuit test.
Formation of a bimetallic Ti–Al material by a wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Luchin A. V. , Astafurova E. G. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Astafurov S. V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Reunova K. A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zagibalova E. A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolubaev E. A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2023

Currently, there is a request from aerospace and aircraft for the construction materials with sufficiently high mechanical strength, thermal creep, corrosion and oxidation resistance. The conventional alloys used for these purposes are too heavy. At the same time, alternative light materials such as Ti–Al-based alloys have many flaws, when they are produced by conventional methods. This work considers the possibility to produce the Ti–Al-based alloys by the method of a wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM). We study the chemical and phase compositions, microstructure and microhardness of a bimetallic Ti–Al alloy, obtained by this method. It is found the formation of five characteristic regions between titanium and aluminum parts of the bimetallic billet. The mixing zone consists of TiAl and TiAl3 intermetallics, that is confirmed by the investigation of microstructure, chemical and phase compositions. According to XRD (X-ray diffraction) and EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses, it can be assumed that TiAl intermetallic prevails over TiAl3 one. The average microhardness of the mixing zone equals to 450 HV (≈4.4 GPa). This zone has developed dendritic microstructure, and even distribution of the phases without link to dendritic and inter-dendritic zones. The cracks appearing in this area are filled with the material of the upper layers, so the whole material is poreless and defect-free. Thus, the results of this work have shown a fundamental possibility to produce the intermetallic Ti–Al alloys with the use of the EBAM.
Determination of the volume fraction of primary carbides in the microstructure of composite coatings using semantic segmentation
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of RAS, Soboleva N. N. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Mushnikov A. N. ,   Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: October 2023

In the process of formation of composite coatings, partial dissolution of hardening particles (most often carbides) in the matrix is possible; therefore, in some cases, the material creation mode is chosen taking into account the volume fraction of primary carbides not dissolved during coating deposition. The methods currently widely used for calculating the volume fraction of carbides in the structure of composite coatings (manual point method and programs implementing classical computer vision methods) have limitations in terms of the possibility of automation. It is expected that performing semantic segmentation using convolutional neural networks will improve both the performance of the process and the accuracy of carbide detection. In the work, multiclass semantic segmentation was carried out including the classification on the image of pores and areas that are not a microstructure. The authors used two neural networks based on DeepLab-v3 trained with different loss functions (IoU Loss and Dice Loss). The initial data were images of various sizes from electron and optical microscopes, with spherical and angular carbides darker and lighter than the matrix, in some cases with pores and areas not related to the microstructure. The paper presents mask images consisting of four classes, created manually and by two trained neural networks. The study shows that the networks recognize pores, areas not related to the microstructure, and perfectly segment spherical carbides in images, regardless of their color relative to the matrix and the presence of pores in the structure. The authors compared the proportion of carbides in the microstructure of coatings determined by two neural networks and a manual point method.
A Theoretical Exploration of the Nexus Between Performance Appraisal, Culture, and Impression Management
Authors: Kızrak Meral
Published: October 2023

This study theoretically discusses that the impression management (IM) strategies that employees apply depending on the purpose of performance appraisal (PA) in organizations may vary in different cultures. The propositions developed are based on Schütz's four-dimensional classification of IM strategies and Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's (1998) seven-dimensional model of culture. It has been proposed that employees may exhibit more assertive or defensive IM strategies for administrative PA, and offensive or protective IM strategies for developmental PA. Moreover, employees in particularistic, diffuse, and synchronous cultures may apply IM more frequently in the PA process. Employees in individualistic cultures may use defensive IM tactics for developmental PA, while in communitarian cultures they may resort to assertive IM. Furthermore, employees can apply offensive and assertive IM for administrative PA in ascription-oriented cultures, taking responsibility IM tactics in both administrative and developmental PAs in inner-directed cultures, and justification and excuse tactics in outer-directed cultures.