bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПЕРЕЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ЗАХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОСТОРУ: КОМУНІСТИЧНІ ВИКЛИКИ І НАЦІОНАЛІСТИЧНІ ВІДПОВІДІ (1944–1953 рр.)
Authors: Давидюк Руслана , Жив’юк Андрій , Старжець Володимир
Published: July 2021

Анотація. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати становище освітян західноукраїнського регіону у контексті боротьби радянської влади і українського підпілля у повоєнний період, довести що саме вчительство опинилося на вістрі цього збройного та ідеологічного протистояння. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципах науковості, системності, історизму, верифікації. У ході дослідження використовувались проблемно-історичний, пошуковий методи, а також методи мікроісторії та локальної історії. Наукова новизна статті полягає у вивченні особливостей життя і праці вчительства у повоєнний період крізь призму ідеологічного протиборства і збройного протистояння радянської влади і націоналістичного підпілля. Висновки. У науковій статті на основі розсекречених архівів спецслужб показано трагедію західноукраїнського вчительства, яке опинилося в епіцентрі двобою між радянською владою і українським повстанським рухом за вплив на освітній простір регіону. Стверджено, що сталінський режим, прагнучи уніфікувати освітнє життя у західних областях УРСР, вимагаючи прищеплювати комуністичний світогляд у школі, використовував для цього різноманітні механізми – від пропаганди до терору. Нав’язування атеїзму, культу російської мови і літератури, створення піонерських та комсомольських організацій викликало опір з боку українського підпілля. Складна ідеологічна атмосфери в регіоні впливала на життя і діяльність педагогів, які потерпали не лише від важких матеріально-побутових умов, але й опинилися в епіцентрі безкомпромісної боротьби двох сил. Такий двосторонній тиск на вчителів спричинив переслідування як з боку радянської влади, так і українських повстанців, внаслідок чого багато освітян ставали жертвами цього протистояння, або намагалися залишити небезпечний регіон.
Exploring Emerging Learning Models in the Advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Mabinya Baxolile , Mgozi Themba , Mohapi Soane
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore emerging Fourth Industrial Revolution themes that have the potential to dramatically alter learning models for the better. The interpretation of learning models includes the relationship between learning theories, learning styles, and the various modes of learning and teaching. Technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain empower us to understand our prior ignorance regarding the environment of learning and teaching. A series of documents and reports on the Fourth Industrial Revolution and learning models were analysed in conjunction with the review of recent literature to identify emerging themes that could fundamentally change the way teaching and learning are implemented. Mass personalisation, embedded learning experience, and education as an extension of self are all themes emerging from the possibilities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the application of its technologies. Although these themes are at a nascent stage of development, their potential should be understood and nurtured because they can be the source of effective and sustainable developments in the education sector. It is clear from this paper that the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is well beyond the tools and technologies to make what already exists better, and that it rather has an impact on the structure and nature of education itself. The emergence of these themes makes it possible to dramatically change the way we learn and teach. We must be collectively conscious and identify the key aspects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution whose momentum we should use to redress socio-economic challenges in the education environment.
HOW FIRM ARE THE BONDS THAT TIE THE EU TOGETHER? EU RULE OF LAW CONDITIONALITY MECHANISM AND THE NEXT GENERATION EU RECOVERY FUND
Authors: Lukić Radović Maja , Vlajković Marija
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has generated a one-in-a-generation challenge upon the EU, consisting of immediate danger for life and health, savings and jobs of its citizens, as well as for the stability and proper functioning of political and legal systems of its Member States. The manner in which the EU as a whole reacted to such sudden and grave challenge is by no means indicative of its political and legal-constitutional substance, and, consequently, of its capacity to subsist in its present form or to develop further. The centrepiece of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) is the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which should help Member States address the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The establishment of the pandemic recovery fund may be regarded not only as an ad hoc measure, but also as a crucial milestone in the path to overcoming the disbalance between Union solidarity and national interests. However, the whole EU budget deal depended on the acceptance of the Rule of Law Mechanism by all Member States. In the first part, this paper will analyse the COVID-19 recovery fund compromise solution as it has been finally agreed. Firstly, we will try to determine the effectiveness of the conditionality mechanism, in the light of European Council Conclusions on the “interpretative declaration on the new Rule of Law Mechanism” and its legal effects. Secondly, we will tackle the issue of the enforcement of the Rule of Law protection mechanism, having in mind the causal link that should be detected, between the protection of the financial interests of the EU, with the non-respect of the EU values enshrined in the Article 2 TEU, by particular Member State(s). Consequently, we will try to envisage the impact of the implementation of this conditionality mechanism, taking into consideration which Member States, and EU citizens, would be “hit” hardest by it. In the second part of the paper an attempt shall be made to perceive the conditionality mechanism, tied to the recovery fund, from the perspective of the principle of solidarity. Ultimately, this paper will try to answer the following question: in view of the necessary shift of priorities and the need for urgent reaction to the COVID-19 crisis, is the common European answer, in view of the core values of the EU and the principle of solidarity, optimal, and above all, will it be effective?
UNFORESEEABILITY AND ABUSE OF CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SERBIA
Authors: Turanjanin Veljko
Published: July 2021

The author deals with the problem of criminal measures and sanctions in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The executive branch of the government declared a state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia in March 2020. At the same time the so-called Crisis Headquarter was established with the authority to impose measures of criminal-legal nature. During the two-month state of emergency, through the Crisis Headquarter, the executive branch of the government was changing criminal laws and sanctions at an almost daily basis. It is debatable whether such laws meet the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights standards. Many citizens failed to adapt their behavior to the imposed measures. On the one hand, the courts have fallen into the trap of double punishment, both for a crime and for a misdemeanor. On the other hand, justifications of the courts’ decisions are also questionable, especially those containing references to statements made by members of the crisis team through the media. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court didn’t rule on any of the numerous requests for constitutional review, but in September it came out with the view that since the state of emergency was over, its decision was unnecessary. The paper is comprised of several units. In the first place, the author explains the process of legal changes by analyzing all the laws and rules that were passed by the end of 2020, as well as data related to the punishment of residents whose behavior was not in accordance with existing legal solutions. Bearing in mind the standards of the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights, the author then explains that the measures implemented by the Serbian authorities do not meet the basic required criteria, primarily the foreseeability of the law, as well as that the laws were abused for the purpose of the election campaign. The special attention is paid to curfews and the complete ban on leaving homes for senior citizens well as ban of contacting with the family members, and then the lockdown of the rest of the population. The actions taken by the authorities during the epidemic resulted in violation of human rights of their citizens, and experience shows that the only court that citizens will be able to turn to will be the European Court of Human Rights. The author believes that with this understanding of the law and respect for its own citizens, the European Union can only be a distant idea.
DATABASES TO SUPPORT ASSET MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL REUSE: THE CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Vettori Barbara , Misoski Boban
Published: July 2021

Over the past decades, many EU and non EU countries have amended their legislative and institutional framework on proceeds of crime confiscation to deprive criminals of their assets more effectively and to better manage and dispose of them. There are still, however, some under-researched issues that could greatly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of confiscation policies. A first topic is the contribution that databases can give to asset management and disposal; the second one deals with a particular asset disposal option which involves giving criminal proceeds back to the communities affected by crime and promoting their use in line with communal needs: social reuse. This article responds to this question: what is the current situation regarding these two key issues in the Republic of North Macedonia?
EU LEGAL SYSTEM AND CLAUSULA REBUS SIC STANTIBUS
Authors: Lauc Zvonimir , Majnarić Marijana
Published: July 2021

We are witnesses and participants of Copernican changes in the world which result in major crises/challenges (economic, political, social, climate, demographic, migratory, MORAL) that significantly change “normal” circumstances. The law, as a large regulatory system, must find answers to these challenges. Primarily, these circumstances relate to (i) the pandemic - Corona 19, which requires ensuring economic development with a significant encroachment on human freedoms and rights; (ii) globalization, which fundamentally changes the concept of liberal capitalism as the most efficient system of production of goods and services and democracy as a desirable form of government; (iii) automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, and big data are changing the ways we work, live, communicate, and learn in a Copernican manner. The law should serve to shape the relationship between people in order to realize a life of love and freedom. This is done to the greatest extent through the constitutional engineering of selected institutions. The legal system focuses on institutions that have a raison d'etre in their mission, which is read as “ratio legis”, as a desirable normative and real action in the range of causal and teleological aspect. Crisis situations narrow social cohesion and weaken trust in institutions. It is imperative to seek constitutional engineering that finds a way out in autopoietic institutions in allopoietic environment. We believe that the most current definition of law is that = law is the negation of the negation of morality. It follows that morality is the most important category of social development. Legitimacy, and then legality, relies on morality. In other words, the rules of conduct must be highly correlated with morality - legitimacy - legality. What is legal follows the rules, what is lawful follows the moral substance and ethical permissibility. Therefore, only a fair and intelligent mastery of a highly professional and ethical teleological interpretation of law is a conditio sine qua non for overcoming current anomalies of social development. The juridical code of legal and illegal is a transformation of moral, legitimate and legal into YES, and immoral, illegitimate and illegal into NO. The future of education aims to generate a program for global action and a discussion on learning and knowledge for the future of humanity and the planet in a world of increasing complexity, uncertainty and insecurity.
THE INSTITUTE OF VULNERABILITY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ALL SHADES OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SPECTRUM
Authors: Rittossa Dalida
Published: July 2021

The vulnerability thesis is one of the most important legal concepts in contemporary legal theory. Apart from being studied by legal scholars, the notion of vulnerability has been embodied in concrete legal rules and transferred to national case law allowing courts to set its boundaries by the power of judicial interpretation. Even though it would be hard to contest Schroeder and Gefenas’s statement that it is not necessary for an academic to say what vulnerability is because common sense dictates the existence of it, recent scholarly analysis clearly shows that the concept itself has become intolerably vague and slippery. More precisely, it is not quite clear what the essence of vulnerability is and what the effects of its gradation as well as repercussions are on other constitutional institutes across the human rights spectrum. The noted vagueness poses a great concern, particularly in the time of COVID-19, the greatest social stressor that humanity has faced in recent months. The COVID-19 crisis has had untold consequences on our health, mental well-being, educational growth, and economic stability. In order for the state to bear the COVID-19 social burden and adequately protect the vulnerable, it is of the utmost importance to set clear guidance for the interpretation and implementation of the vulnerability concept. Seeking to contribute to literature on these issues, the author brings light to constitutional and criminal legal standards on vulnerability set within the current jurisprudence and doctrine. Bearing in mind the influence of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter, the ECtHR or the Court) on developments in human rights law, 196 judgments related to vulnerability have been retrieved from the HUDOC database using a keywords search strategy. The quantitative analysis was supplemented with more in-depth qualitative linguistic research of the Court’s reasoning in cases concerning vulnerable children, persons suffering from mental illness and victims of family violence. Although the vulnerability reasoning has considerably expended their rights within the ambit of the Convention, the analysis has shown that inconsistencies and ambiguities emerge around the formulation of the applicant’s vulnerability and its gradation with respect to positive obligations. The full creative and transformative potential of the institute of vulnerability is yet to be realized.
Survival of the posterior lamellar cornea graft keratocytes and endothelial cells cultivated in the modified corneal preservation media
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Borzenok S.A. , Malyugin B.E. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Ostrovskiy D.S. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Ahmedov A.K. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Tonaeva K.D. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Komakh Y.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Khubetsova M.K. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To study the survival of keratocytes and endothelial cells of a human donor cornea storage in the standard and the new media which was specifically designed for optimized cornea hydration. Material and methods. 2D cell cultures of keratocytes and endothelial cells obtained from the Eye tissue bank were used for culture in improved storage media over a period of 14 and 7 days subsequently. To confirm phenotype characteristics, the cells were stained by the following markers: for keratocytes – Lumikan, Keratocan, and α-smooth muscle actin; for endothelial cells – ZO-1 and Na/K-ATPase. The onset of apoptosis in cell culture of keratocytes were detected with Cytochrome C, BAX, and Caspase 3 and 8. Viability of cell cultures after the cultivation was carried out using a commercial set of "Live and Dead". Morphology of the endothelial cells was assessed using an electron scanning microscope. Results. It was shown that the 2D keratocyte culture cultured in the improved storage media expressed specific markers: Lumican, Keratocan, and did not express α-smooth muscle actin. There were no markers of apoptosis in the cell culture of keratocytes after 14 days of cultivation. Corneal endothelium cultured in the improved storage media expresses ZO-1, Na/K-ATPase and presented hexagonal cell shape morphology according to electron microscopy. Conclusion. The improved storage media allow to preserve the unique phenotype of keratocytes, with a slight decrease in proliferative cells activity during 14 days. The media maintain a viable and functional corneal endothelium for at least seven days of cultivation. Key words: cell culture; corneal endothelium; keratocyte; posterior lamellar graft, corneal storage media.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the professional activities and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation. Results of an online survey
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Kechin E.V. , Doga A.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Khodjaev N.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Tonaeva K.D. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Tkachenko I.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional activities and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The All-Russian online survey of ophthalmologists «Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional activity, lifestyle and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation» was conducted. The results are presented in % of those respondents who are engaged in the relevant activity. Results. The survey involved 582 ophthalmologists from various regions of Russia. In April 2020 (in the first month of non-working days throughout the Russian Federation), the work load as a whole became less than usual for 54.8% of respondents. In addition, 18.4% of respondents stated that they did not work during the entire April 2020. The number of face-to-face consultations decreased in 74.3% of the surveyed ophthalmologists. The number of telemedicine consultations decreased in 27.0% of respondents, and increased in 34.1%. The number of emergency and urgent surgery decreased in 25.0% of respondents, and increased in 23.2%. The number of planned surgery decreased in 80.4% of respondents. 23.9% of respondents began to provide medical care in an additional and new profile of ophthalmological care (which they do not usually do). Salaries in April 2020 decreased for 66.7% of respondents, in August 2020 – in 41.4% of respondents. Ophthalmologists have become more engaged in the study of professional literature on ophthalmology and coronavirus, as well as writing scientific products (articles, patents, etc.), preparing reports and presenting them. In 57.8% of cases of infection of ophthalmologists with COVID-19 was associated with their professional activities and 37.3% of infection with an ophthalmic patient. In 83.3% of cases, ophthalmologists were treated for COVID-19 on an outpatient, in 16.7% of cases – in an inpatient. In 66.7% of cases the health status of ophthalmologists after the coronavirus infection COVID-19 was poor. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic had negative impact on the professional activity and health of ophthalmologists in the Russian Federation. Key words: pandemic, COVID-19, new coronavirus infection, ophthalmologists.
One Year with the COVID-19 Pandemic - Lessons Learnt? Intersectoral Collaboration Measures Established during the Crisis Could Benefit Capacity and Patient Flow Management in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care Medicine at Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam, Netherlands, Germany, M Hiller , H Bracht ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Central Emergency Medicine Services, Germany, S Schroeder ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Roonstrasse, Düren, Germany
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way hospitals work. Some of the urgently established measures have proven to be so useful that they should be adopted in standard care. Recent research has assessed patient management, human resource planning and communication measures in terms of their impact and practicality for continuation in daily clinical practice. Strategies that were detached from the boundaries of departments and responsibilities in the COVID-19 pandemic and that have proven themselves under extreme conditions show a beneficial influence on patient flow and resource management as well as on the communication culture. The continuation of closer interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral cooperation in a “new clinical routine” could have a positive impact on personnel concepts, communication strategies, acute care capacities and the management of patient pathways.
Disparities in antimicrobial consumption and resistance within a country: the case of beta-lactams in Argentina
Authors: Boni Silvia , Marin Gustavo H. , Campaña Laura , Marin Lupe , Corso Alejandra , Risso-Patron Soledad , Gabriel Fernanda , Garay Valeria , Limeres Manuel
Published: July 2021

Objective. To describe bacterial resistance and antimicrobial consumption ratio at the subnational level in Argentina during 2018, considering beta-lactams group as a case-study.

Methods. Antimicrobial consumption was expressed as defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants. Resistance of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams was recorded. Resistance/consumption ratio was estimated calculating “R” for each region of Argentina, and this data was compared with other countries.

Results. The most widely consumed beta-lactams in Argentina were amoxicillin (3.64) for the penicillin sub-group, cephalexin (0.786) for first generation cephalosporins, cefuroxime (0.022) for second generation; cefixime (0.043) for third generation and cefepime (0.0001) for the fourth generation group. Comparison between beta-lactams consumption and bacterial resistance demonstrated great disparities between the six regions of the country.

Conclusions. The case-study of Argentina shows that antimicrobial consumption and resistance of the most common pathogens differed among regions, reflecting different realities within the same country. Because this situation might also be occurring in other countries, this data should be taken into account to target local efforts towards better antimicrobial use, to improve antimicrobial stewardship programs and to propose more suitable sales strategies in order to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.
Kulturelle Identitätstopographie(n). Die Stadt Zielona Góra zwischen „Entschlesierung“ und rekonstruierter Kontinuität
Authors: Brylla Wolfgang
Published: July 2021

Bis 1945 hieß die heutige Stadt Zielona Góra Grünberg in Schlesien. Der schlesische Vermerk war weniger ein Hinweis auf die geographische Verortung des Weinstädtchens als vielmehr eine Betonung von dessen kultureller Zugehörigkeit zur Provinz Schlesien. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gehörte Grünberg zu den sog. Wiedergewonnenen Gebieten, infolgedessen es nicht nur seine (deutschen) Traditionen verlor, sondern vor allem auf sein Schlesischsein verzichten musste. Einen Beitrag zu diesem urbanen Identitätswandel leistete auch die polnische Literatur. Erst in den letzten Jahren lässt sich ein aufkeimendes Interesse – darunter auch im kulturellen Bereich – an der Ergründung der Geschichte des deutschen Grünberg beobachten, dessen Spuren man im polnischen Zielona Góra sucht.
Literaturwissenschaft an der Warschauer Germanistik seit 1960 und an der Thorner Germanistik seit 1980. Die verschiedenen Reformversuche
Authors: Sauerland Karol
Published: July 2021

Der Autor stellt die Versuche einer Reform des Literaturunterrichts an den Germanistischen Lehrstühlen der Universität Warschau und Thorn in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren dar und erörtert zugleich, wie man Lehre und Forschung miteinander verbinden könnte.
PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA TARIK WISATA DI PEMANDIAN KOLAM PENAWAR ATAS KETAPANG BANYUWANGI
Authors: Ningrum Nadiya Lifa , Andika Widya Puspa
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted in Kolam Penawar Atas, Dusun Pancoran, Ketapang, Banyuwangi and aims to identify the supporting and inhibitory factors as well as design strategies in community-based ecotourism development. This study is descriptive and qualitative research. The data collection was conducted by interview, observation, and documentation method. The informants in this study were determined by purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis is using triangulation techniques and SWOT analysis. The results showed that: (1) Supporting factors in development of community-based ecotourism in Kolam Penawar Atas include: natural potential and cultural attractions, Support from Local Government, Community Expectations. While the inhibitory factors are: Community Knowledge, Low Community Participation, Land Ownership (2) Strategies that can be implemented based on SWOT analysis include: S-O strategy: utilizing natural and cultural potential as a tourist attraction and empowering the surrounding community for ecotourism development; W-O strategy: establish pokdarwis to manage tourist attractions, establish cooperation with investor to invest, establish cooperation with the government to conduct promotion activities, and cooperate with travel agent; S-T strategy: create photo spot attraction, innovation to manage the attractions to deal with competition, and develop tourism with the ecotourism-environmentally friendly friendly concept tourism; W-T strategy: provide education or training on tourism to the community, approach and coordinate with the community regarding the system of tourism management and revenue sharing, build and maintain tourist facilities and infrastructure, and optimize promotion activities through social media.
Peran Teacher Support terhadap School Engagement pada Siswa SMA “X” Bandung
Authors: Prihandini Fathia , Savitri Jane
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran teacher support terhadap school engagement siswa SMA “X” Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Partisipan mengisi kuesioner teacher support berdasarkan teori teacher support oleh Skinner & Belmont (1993) dan school engagement berdasarkan teori Fredricks dkk (2004). Berdasarkan pengolahan data secara statistik, ditemukan bahwa ketiga dimensi teacher support memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap school engagement (R² = 0,387; p < 0,05) dan dilihat perjalur dimensi teacher support yang berperan secara signifikan terhadap school engagement adalah structure (R² = 0,339; p < 0,05), involvement (R² = 0,286; p < 0,05), dan autonomy support (R²: 0,272; p: <0,05). Maka dari itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa teacher support memiliki peran yang signifikan terhadap school engagement pada siswa SMA “X” Bandung. 

Kata kunci: teacher support, school engagement, siswa SMA
Hubungan antara Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua dan Grit pada Siswa TNI di Lembaga ‘X’ Kota Bandung
Authors: Tanjung Nila Kencana , Satyawan Lisa Imelia
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dari orang tua dan grit pada 96 siswa TNI di Lembaga ‘X’ Bandung. Alat ukur dukungan sosial orang tua yang berjumlah 39 item disusun oleh peneliti berdasarkan teori dukungan sosial (Sarafino,2002). Sedangkan 17 item alat ukur grit yang digunakan merupakan kuesioner yang dibuat oleh Dr. Irene Prameswari Edwina, M.Si., Psikolog dan Ni Luh Ayu Viviekananda, M.Psi., Psikolog berdasarkan teori Grit (Duckworth, 2016). Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman pada program SPSS20.0. Validitas alat ukur dukungan sosial dari orang tua berkisar dari 0,27-0,76 dan reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,900. Validitas alat ukur grit berkisar dari 0,44 – 0,95 dan reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,89. Berdasarkan pengolahan data secara statistik, masing-masing bentuk dukungan sosial dari orang tua (bentuk dukungan informasi, penghargaan, instrumental, dan emosional) berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan grit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan masing-masing bentuk hubungan dukungan sosial orang tua dengan grit. Bentuk dukungan apraisal memiliki hubungan dengan grit dengan nilai koefisien r=0,597, bentuk dukungan informasi memiliki hubungan dengan grit dengan nilai koefisien r= 0,546, bentuk dukungan emosional memiliki hubungan dengan grit dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r= 0,434, dan bentuk dukungan instrumental memiliki hubungan dengan grit dengan nilai koefisien r= 0,409.

Kata kunci: Grit, Dukungan sosial orang tua, siswa TNI
Perilaku Panic Buying Mengiringi Kemunculan COVID-19? Sebuah Studi pada Awal Pandemi di Indonesia
Authors: Wahyu Agung Minto , Az Zahra Afifah Chusna , Firdaus Muhammad Iqbal Fakhrul , Widyatno Aryudho
Published: July 2021

C

COVID-19 memiliki dampak bagi masyarakat salah satunya adalah panic buying. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara komprehensif mengenai perilaku panic buying dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Indonesia. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah mixed-method yang diawali dengan menyebarkan survei kepada 418 responden. Hasil yang diperoleh dari survei kemudian diperdalam dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara kepada enam narasumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panic buying terjadi pada beberapa barang yang berpotensi sangat dibutuhkan selama pandemi. Hal tersebut di latar belakangi oleh kecemasan yang menyertai masyarakat. Akan tetapi, pada barang yang lain pembelian masih dilakukan dalam kondisi terkontrol dan sesuai kebutuhan. Kampanye untuk tidak melakukan panic buying yang dilakukan belum sepenuhnya efektif. Harapan terbesar dari mayoritas masyarakat justru bukan pada penyediaan stok barang yang dibutuhkan, tetapi lebih cenderung agar pemerintah meningkatkan kecepatan dalam menangani penyebaran COVID-19 ini. 

Kata kunci: panic buying, COVID-19, pandemi, perilaku konsumen
Dinámica y efectividad de las fanpages de Facebook de candidatos a gobernador en los resultados electorales
Authors: Jiménez Zarate Carlos Augusto
Published: July 2021

Abstract: In this article analyzes from the perspective of social network analysis, the correlation between metrics structures sampled networks of Facebook fanpage's candidates for governor and the percentage of voting reached. Were taken as an object of study the elections for governor of Nuevo Leon in 2015 and the election for governor of the state of Veracruz in 2016, in Mexico. This research brings us closer to the understanding of the dynamics and effectiveness of fanpage's in election campaigns.Keywords: fanpage, graphic and metric analysis , social networks, votingJEL: Y1, C88Resumen: En el presente artículo se revisa desde un enfoque de análisis de redes sociales, la correlación entre las métricas de las estructuras de redes muestreadas de las fanpage´s de Facebook de candidatos a gobernador y el porcentaje de votación alcanzado. Se tomaron como objeto de estudio las elecciones para gobernador del estado de Nuevo León del 2015 y la elección para gobernador del estado de Veracruz del 2016, en México. La presente investigación nos acerca a la compresión de la dinámica y efectividad de las fanpage´s en las campañas electoralesPalabras clave: análisis gráfico y métricas, fanpage, redes sociales, votación
El concepto de liderazgo en la historia ante la administración sistémica (The concept of leadership in history before systemic administration)
Authors: Pantoja Aguilar Martín P. , Suarez Durán Fernando Manuel
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se hace una revisión documental sobre el tema del liderazgomencionando los antecedentes históricos del término y cómo ha ido cambiando éste dependiendo del paradigma que dominaba en cada época. Se incluye un análisis de los tipos de liderazgo ante la administración sistémica y los retos que el líder debe enfrentar con esta visión en mente. Del mismo modo se analizan de manera conjunta dos temas esenciales, el primero versa sobre los tipos de liderazgo que existen, y el segundo sobre las características de los líderes, lo anterior desde el punto de vista de diferentes autores. Con la información obtenida se creó una tabla, la cual muestra la relación entre los dos temas, donde para cada tipo de liderazgo se listan lascaracterísticas del líder. Como resultado se pueden identificar las principales características coincidentes que los autores atribuyen de relevancia y esenciales para un líder.Palabras clave: administración, características, liderazgo, sistémico. Abstract.In this article a literature review on the topic of leadership is presented, including the historical background of the term and how it has changed depending on the paradigm that dominated in every period of time. An analysis of the types of leadership under a systemic administration and the type of challenges faced by the leader is conducted. Similarly, two main subjects are analyzed, the first deals with the types of leadership that exist, and the second deals on the characteristics of leaders, the above based on the viewpoint of different authors. With the informationobtained a table was created. It shows the relationship between the two subjects, in which for each type of leader, leadership characteristics are listed. As a result, the main features are identified by the authors and considered relevant and essential for a leader.Key words: administration, characteristics, leadership, systemic.
La aplicación del conocimiento por los trabajadores en los sistemas productivos. Un análisis desde el taylorismo, el fordismo y la producción flexible (The application of knowledge by workers in production systems. An analysis from Taylorism, Fordism and Flexible Production)
Authors: Pedraza Sánchez Erika , Gutiérrez Garza Esthela , Gálvaez Santillán Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo desarrolla un análisis sobre la importancia de la aplicación delconocimiento por parte de los trabajadores en los sistemas de producción taylorista, fordista y de producción flexible. Se realiza un análisis documental y se encuentra que, en orden de importancia, el sistema de producción flexible es el que más promueve la aplicación del conocimiento por parte de los trabajadores, después el taylorismo y por último el fordismo.Palabras clave: conocimiento y trabajador, sistema de producción taylorista, sistema de producción fordista, sistema de producción flexible.Abstract.The present article develops an analysis on the importance of the application of theknowledge on the part of the workers in the systems of production Taylorist, fordista and of flexible production. A documentary analysis is carried out and it is found that, in order of importance, the flexible production system is the one that most promotes the application of knowledge by workers, then Taylorism and finally Fordism.Key words: knowledge and worker, taylorist production system, fordist production system, flexible production system.
La práctica de la gestión de ganancias (The earning management practice)
Authors: Alanís Aguilar Isela , Rodríguez García Martha del Pilar
Published: July 2021

Este investigación documental revisa la práctica de earning management identificandoearning management en las empresas antes de salir a bolsa y su afectación en el precio de la acción, cuando los administradores afectan las compensaciones que se otorgan con el fin de aumentar sus beneficios en detrimento del valor de la empresa y estudios en donde no se aprecian prácticas de manipulación. Por otra parte se propone una metodología de ajustes por devengo y se presentan las conclusiones.Palabras clave: ajuste por devengo discrecional, gestión de ganancias, valor de la empresa.Abstract: This documentary research reviews the practice of earning management by identifying earning management in companies before going public and their effect on the share price, when managers affect the compensations that are granted in order to increase their profits to the detriment of the value of the company and studies where manipulation practices are not appreciated. On the other hand, an accrual adjustment methodology is proposed and the conclusions are presented.Key words: discretionary accrual adjustments, earning management, firm value.
Negocios y género: el hombre como sexo débil y propuestas educativas (Business and gender: the man as a weak sex and educational proposals)
Authors: Ramírez Puerto Andrés
Published: July 2021

Un insuficiente reconocimiento de la influencia de la ideología de género nos impide prevenir consecuencias negativas éticas y económicas. En el terreno del liderazgo existe evidencia de un mayor éxito de las mujeres empresarias que ha sido relacionado con una mayor flexibilidad de las mujeres, con actitudes y valores femeninos demandadas por la economía actual. Por su parte, los estudios sobre masculinidad muestran una estructura rígida y excluyente que lleva a la inadaptación de muchos hombres. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la naturalización, interiorización y resistencia ideológicas, planteando ir más allá de campañas mediáticas para la concienciación, necesitándose formación específica en género tanto a nivel empresarial como universitario y escolar. Necesitamos descender al nivel de los valores y las narrativas interiorizadas, fomentando la reflexión, para expandir la capacidad de visión y de acción. Palabras clave: crisis, educación, empresa, género, masculinidad. Abstract: We can’t deal with the ethical and economic consequences of the gender issues unless we are aware of this ideology. There is evidence of an outstanding performance of women in business what has been linked with a flexible femininity together with its attitudes and values demanded in today’s economy. Men’s studies on their part have shown a rigid masculinity that prevents many men from adapting to the business environment. This article reflects about the internalization of this ideology that shows resistance to media campaigns so we need to offer a specific gender training for managers and include gender education in schools. We need to go down to the level of the values and narratives internalized, encouraging reflexion, to expand our views and capabilities.Key words: business, crisis, education, gender, masculinity.
Generación de valor con enfoque en la filosofía esbelta como facilitador en la percepción de valor al cliente (Value generation with focus on lean philosophy as a facilitator for customer perceived value)
Authors: Segura-Vargas Marco , Barragán Codina José Nicolás
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In the past twenty years, companies of different types of industry have focused their attention and resources trying to create more value for their customers, they have established according to their own judgment or consulting customers assuming they know exactly what they want and how they want it. However, the reality might be different. The lean philosophy defines the principles that any process (production or service) must follow to deliver more value and generate less waste. So this document proposes that if companies try to focus their efforts on delivering more value to their customers from the Lean perspective, they can generate a greater perception of value, therefore, raise their confidence and gain their loyalty. If it is practiced consistently over time they may achieve sustainable profitability.Key words: customer value, lean philosophy, lean thinking, loyalty perceived value, profitabilityJEL: M30, L15, L80, O14, O40Resumen. En los últimos veinte años, compañías de distintos tipos de industria han enfocado su atención y recursos en crear más valor a sus clientes, y lo han establecido ya sea de acuerdo con su propio criterio, o al consultar a sus clientes y asumir que ellos saben qué es lo que quieren y cómo lo quieren. Sin embargo, la realidad podría ser un tanto distinta. Por su parte, la filosofía esbelta define los principios que cualquier proceso (de producción o servicio) debe seguir para entregar más valor y generar menos desperdicio. Entonces este documento propone que, si las compañías tratan de enfocar sus esfuerzos en entregar más valor a sus clientes desde la perspectiva Esbelta, podrán generar una mayor percepción de valor, por tanto, elevarán su confianza y obtendrán su lealtad.  Si lo practican de forma sistemática con el paso del tiempo podrán lograr una rentabilidad sostenible del negocio.Palabras clave: filosofía esbelta, lealtad, pensamiento esbelto, percepción de valor, rentabilidad, valor al cliente
La imagen de la tienda en la satisfacción del cliente a través de la comunicación de boca a boca (The store image in customer satisfaction through word to mouth communication)
Authors: Treviño Rodolfo , Guerra Sergio , Treviño Eloísa
Published: July 2021

Conocer la percepción del cliente a través de la imagen de la empresa es importante para mantener una imagen positiva en la mente del consumidor y una ventaja competitiva para permanecer en el mercado. La imagen de la tienda crea una satisfacción lo que conduce a una recomendación positiva de boca a boca, siendo esta importante para retener clientes y atraer nuevos. La revisión de la literatura en estos temas de investigación es significativa, dado que el ser humano es cambiante en su forma de pensar; por lo tanto es importante que las tiendas tengan un monitoreo constante para mantenerse en el gusto del cliente. El objetivo del estudio se encamina a identificar los elementos que intervienen en la imagen de la tienda en la satisfacción del cliente a través de la comunicación de boca a boca. La metodología utilizada es la revisión de la literatura a través de bases de datos con contenido de estudios empíricos. Los resultados determinan que la imagen de la tienda lleva a una satisfacción del cliente a través de una comunicación de boca a boca, así mismo se encontró los elementos que intervienen en cada una de las categorías formando los constructos para investigaciones cuantitativas.
La incorporación de la Industria 4.0 en el sector de autopartes en Nuevo León, México (The incorporation of industry 4.0 in the auto parts sector in Nuevo Leon, Mexico)
Authors: Nava Aguirre Karla María , Silva Ábrego Juan Gil , Guajado García Alejandra , Leyva Velázquez Orlando Uriel , Torres Camarillo Carol Yareslie
Published: July 2021

México es el quinto país productor de autopartes  y aporta 5,6 por ciento a la producción mundial equivalentes a 82´000 millones de dólares anuales en producción y 65´000 millones en exportaciones. El estado de Nuevo León aporta el 20 por ciento del PIB manufacturero del país en este sector. La Industria 4.0 y sus pilares basados principalmente en tecnología, automatización y el internet de las cosas presenta un desafío debido a la insuficiente inversión en las empresas proveedoras nivel dos (Tier 2) del sector.  El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el estado actual y futuro de las empresas Tier 2 pertenecientes al Clúster Automotriz de Nuevo León en su proceso de incorporación a los avances tecnológicos. Se utilizó una técnica mixta para obtención de datos. Además de la revisión de literatura, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos y como aproximación al estudio, se aplicaron cuestionarios a empresas del sector. Con lo anterior, se pretende responder la pregunta de investigación ¿Qué medidas deben considerarse para facilitar la incorporación de la I4.O en la industria de autopartes en Nuevo León? Entre los hallazgos se encontró la lenta incorporación de empresas Tier 2 a los avances tecnológicos y el desconocimiento de su nivel tecnológico en la industria. Entre las medidas por facilitar esta transición a la automatización de procesos de manufactura destaca las alianzas público privadas en acompañamiento con la academia, así como inversión en centro de investigación y desarrollo que permitan la capacitación y promoción de los empleados de forma permanente. Palabras clave: Autopartes, Industria 4.0, Tier 2, CLAUT, Nuevo León.
Los efectos de los rezagos temporales en las estrategias de operación de alta frecuencia en el mercado FOREX (The effects of temporary lags in the strategies of high frequency operation in FOREX market)
Authors: Cruz Lázaro Luis Miguel , Pérez Sosa Felipe , Martínez Ceballos Abraham
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el impacto que pueden tener los rezagos temporales entre la emisión y la ejecución de las órdenes en el mercado FOREX, mediante estrategias de alta frecuencia. Esto, debido a que el uso de estrategias de alta frecuencia tiene un importante volumen de participación en los mercados financieros, pero sus efectos aún no han sido estudiados en su totalidad. Para este fin, se elaboró un modelo de trading de alta frecuencia con el que se simularon rezagos temporales, con el objeto de evaluar estadísticamente el impacto de estas anomalías en las posiciones finales de los inversionistas. Se encontró que la existencia de rezagos entre las órdenes y su ejecución, tienen un impacto significativo, el cual, incluso puede producir pérdidas. De tal forma, se concluyó que es importante revisar los sistemas de operación de alta frecuencia antes de implementarlos, buscando evitar fallas y sus posibles impactos negativos.
Las disposiciones de transferencia de tecnología hacia los investigadores en las principales Instituciones de Educación Superior públicas de producción científica en México (The technology transfer provisions to researchers in the main public higher education institutions of scientific production in Mexico)
Authors: Agramon Mata Juan Francisco , Lechuga Cardozo Jorge Isaac
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar evidencia sobre las disposiciones en relación a la transferencia de tecnología entre las principales universidades públicas de producción científica de México; la Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM), el Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) y la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). Se definió un estudio de investigación documental de tipo analítico. Se realizaron entrevistas con especialistas de transferencia de tecnología y propiedad industrial; así como con inventores y se revisó la información de los reglamentos internos de Las Universidades objeto de estudio. Las disposiciones reglamentarias en relación a la transferencia de tecnología de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en México son muy confidenciales y difíciles de encontrar libremente por cualquier usuario. Se concluye que de las Universidades objeto de estudio, la UANL y la UNAM proporcionan las mejores condiciones de incentivos hacia los investigadores para la producción de propiedad industrial y su respectiva comercialización. En la repartición de regalías la UAM provee el porcentaje más alto a los investigadores (50%). En relación a la oferta tecnológica, la BUAP presenta la plataforma con información más completa y atractiva para la visibilidad por parte de los usuarios.Palabras clave: Transferencia de tecnología, innovación tecnológica, propiedad Industrial.