bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Hemodynamics in the Assisted Isolated Porcine Heart
Authors: Granegger Marcus , Mahr Stephane , Horvat Johann , Aigner Philipp , Roehrich Michael , Stoiber Martin , Plasenzotti Roberto , Zimpfer Daniel , Schima Heinrich , Moscato Francesco
Published: October 2013

Background

Currently, the interaction between rotary blood pumps (RBP) and the heart is investigated in silico, in vitro, and in animal models. Isolated and defined changes in hemodynamic parameters are unattainable in animal models, while the heart-pump interaction in its whole complexity cannot be modeled in vitro or in silico.

Aim

The aim of this work was to develop an isolated heart setup to provide a realistic heart-pump interface with the possibility of easily adjusting hemodynamic parameters.

Methods

A mock circuit mimicking the systemic circulation was developed. Eight porcine hearts were harvested using a protocol similar to heart transplantation. Then, the hearts were resuscitated using Langendorff perfusion with rewarmed, oxygenated blood. An RBP was implanted and the setup was switched to the “working mode” with the left heart and the RBP working as under physiologic conditions. Both the unassisted and assisted hemodynamics were monitored.

Results

In the unassisted condition, cardiac output was up to 9.5 L/min and dP/dtmax ranged from 521 to 3621 mmHg/s at a preload of 15 mmHg and afterload of 70 mmHg. With the RBP turned on, hemodynamics similar to heart-failure patients were observed in each heart. Mean pump flow and flow pulsatility ranged from 0 to 11 L/min. We were able to reproduce conditions with an open and closed aortic valve as well as suction events.

Conclusions

An isolated heart setup including an RBP was developed, which combines the advantages of in silico/vitro methods and animal experiments. This tool thus provides further insight into the interaction between the heart and an RBP.
Reported Assembly Scenes in Greek Tragedy
Authors: Carter D. M.
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a detailed consideration of the three democratic assembly meetings that are reported in Greek tragedy. The three scenes in their different ways reveal a preoccupation with a tension between elite rhetoric and popular wisdom in a democracy. Behind this preoccupation lies a shared assumption: that many people attended assemblies expecting their minds to be made up; and that persuasive oratory and the popular judgment of persuasive oratory could have a decisive influence on a vote.
Apuleius’ Cupid Considered as a Lamia (Metamorphoses5.17-18)
Authors: Felton D.
Published: October 2013

This paper re-examines what many scholars have seen as the problematic intrusion of the monstrous serpent into the narrative of Cupid and Psyche. Psyche seems far too easily convinced by her sisters that her unseen husband is a horrendous creature intent on devouring her. Psyche’s extreme credulity, terror, and willingness to kill her husband are more understandable if her reaction is interpreted in the context of Lamia lore, with which Apuleius and his audience were clearly familiar. Relevant evidence includes Dio’s fifth Oration and Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius, as well as tales of anguipedal males such as Typhoeus and Cecrops.
Juxta-adrenal malignant schwannoma with lymph node metastases
Authors: Shin Yu Seob , Kim Hyung Jin , Kim Myung Ki
Published: October 2013

Juxta-adrenal malignant schwannoma is a very rare tumour of neural crest cell origin. A 69-year-old woman visited for proper management of incidentally detected adrenal mass as part of a dyspepsia workup. Metabolic evaluation was unremarkable and imaging results suggested a malignant adrenal mass with lymphnode metastases. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy with para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The diagnosis and its origin was confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemical studies. We report the first case of juxta-adrenal malignant schwannoma with lymph node metastases, and review the literature on this rare tumour.
What are the barriers and how do we manage them? A review of progress over the last 10 years
Authors: Wein Alan
Published: October 2013

There are several well-known challenges in the management of overactive bladder (OAB). This brief review discusses four of these: shortcomings of current OAB classification, incomplete understanding of pathophysiology, undertreatment, and managing patient expectations.
A urological challenge: Voiding dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Corcos Jacques
Published: October 2013

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a very high prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms—as many as 90% of patients with MS experience some form of voiding dysfunction and/or incontinence.1 This summary provides a brief overview of MS epidemiology, pathophysiology, the impact of the disease on patient quality of life, and the particular kinds of urinary tract abnormalities and symptoms that can present among patients with MS. Strategies to help diminish the impact of these symptoms are also discussed.
How to treat the frail elderly: The challenge of multimorbidity and polypharmacy
Authors: Tannenbaum Cara
Published: October 2013

The pharmacologic management of lower urinary tract symptoms in frail older adults is complicated by two key considerations: the increased likelihood of comorbidities and the increased likelihood of polypharmacy. This brief review summarizes how these factors may impact treatment choices in this population.
Practical evaluation of post-prostatectomy incontinence
Authors: Radomski Sidney B.
Published: October 2013

For patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, urinary incontinence is not an uncommon postoperative complication. For some, it can resolve over time, while in others the condition persists and requires medical and/or surgical intervention. This summary provides a review of the recommended evaluations to perform in this setting.
The pain of painful bladder
Authors: Payne Christopher
Published: October 2013

Bladder pain can have a number of different etiologies. This brief summary provides an overview of bladder pain syndrome, including current evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and management.
Urinary retention presenting as complete bowel obstruction
Authors: Papeš Dino , Altarac Silvio , Arslani Nuhi , Rajković Zoran
Published: October 2013

A 59-year-old male was admitted to hospital for clinical and radiological signs of large bowel obstruction with clinical signs of generalized peritonitis. As such, he was scheduled to undergo emergency exploratory laparotomy. During preoperative preparation, over 2000 mL of urine was obtained after catheterization. We suggested re-evaluation, and after several hours the symptoms resolved. Although rare, pressure from the distended bladder due to urinary retention can cause complete bowel obstruction and signs of peritonitis. If a large volume of urine is obtained during preoperative preparation for mechanical bowel obstruction, it is recommended to re-evaluate the patient to avoid unnecessary surgery and imaging studies.
PEComa of soft tissues can mimick lymph node relapse in patients with history of testicular seminoma
Authors: Guglielmetti Gabriele , De Angelis Paolo , Mondino Paolo , Terrone Carlo , Volpe Alessandro
Published: October 2013

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell tumour (PEComa) is rare. We describe a 39-year-old man who underwent a left radical orchidectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy for a stage IA classical testicular seminoma. He was diagnosed with a mass lateral to the right common iliac artery that was considered suspicious for late lymph node relapse after 3 years of follow-up. Due to the unusual location of the mass and the equivocal findings of percutaneous biopsy, a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. Final pathology revealed PEComa of soft tissue. The patient is disease free after 38 months of follow-up without adjuvant treatment. The presence of rare soft-tissue neoplasm should be considered in differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses during follow-up of germ cell tumours. Suspicious isolated recurrences of these neoplasms in unusual locations can require surgical excision to confirm diagnosis and avoid inappropriate treatment.
Prospective Surface Marker-Based Isolation and Expansion of Fetal Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells From Human Term Placenta
Authors: Patel Jatin , Seppanen Elke , Chong Mark S.K. , Yeo Julie S.L. , Teo Erin Y.L. , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Fisk Nicholas M. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash
Published: October 2013

The term placenta is a highly vascularized tissue and is usually discarded upon birth. Our objective was to isolate clinically relevant quantities of fetal endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from human term placenta and to compare them to the well-established donor-matched umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived ECFCs. A sorting strategy was devised to enrich for CD45−CD34+CD31Lo cells prior to primary plating to obtain pure placental ECFCs (PL-ECFCs) upon culture. UCB-ECFCs were derived using a well-described assay. PL-ECFCs were fetal in origin and expressed the same cell surface markers as UCB-ECFCs. Most importantly, a single term placenta could yield as many ECFCs as 27 UCB donors. PL-ECFCs and UCB-ECFCs had similar in vitro and in vivo vessel forming capacities and restored mouse hind limb ischemia in similar proportions. Gene expression profiles were only minimally divergent between PL-ECFCs and UCB-ECFCs, probably reflecting a vascular source versus a circulating source. Finally, PL-ECFCs and UCB-ECFCs displayed similar hierarchies between high and low proliferative colonies. We report a robust strategy to isolate ECFCs from human term placentas based on their cell surface expression. This yielded much larger quantities of ECFCs than UCB, but the cells were comparable in immunophenotype, gene expression, and in vivo functional ability. We conclude that PL-ECFCs have significant bio-banking and clinical translatability potential.
Schleiermacher pour Barth
Authors: Feneuil Anthony
Published: October 2013

Cet article vise à comprendre la posture paradoxale de Karl Barth à l’égard de Friedrich Schleiermacher, mélange de sévérité critique et de grande admiration. Pour cela, il explore le reproche fondamental adressé par Barth à Schleiermacher, celui d’éthicisme. Il se trouve que l’entière compréhension de ce reproche suppose non seulement de comprendre la place de l’éthique chez Schleiermacher selon Barth, mais aussi et surtout la place de l’éthique chez Barth, et en particulier l’importance de la question éthique dans l’écriture de la théologie.
Où en sont les études sur le livre de Qohélet ?
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: October 2013

Cet article présente une centaine de livres publiés depuis l’an 2000 sur le texte
de Qohélet. L’état de la recherche est divisé en six parties qui correspondent à autant
d’approches : critique textuelle, analyse philologique et sémantique, histoire de la
réception, analyse comparée, critique structurelle et lecture canonique et pastorale. Ce
choix n’a rien d’arbitraire. Au contraire, il est adapté aux livres publiés depuis l’an 2000
et permet de mettre en évidence les principaux résultats de la recherche récente sur le
livre de Qohélet.
Méthode et application de la documentation des oeuvres mixtes en vue de leur préservation et de leur diffusion
Authors: Boutard Guillaume , Marandola Fabrice
Published: October 2013

Documentation, dissémination et préservation sont trois notions intimement reliées dans le contexte de la production des oeuvres mixtes. Le projet décrit dans cet article articule ces notions sur la base de l’état de l’art de la recherche empirique. Basé sur la capture de l’expertise des différents acteurs des processus créatifs et sur la mise en forme des données et des métadonnées au travers des standards de préservation, le projet vise à concevoir un cadre méthodique transférable à différents contextes de production. Dans cet article, nous spécifions les différentes étapes et enjeux pour parvenir à établir ce cadre méthodique afin de pouvoir proposer aux professionnels de la documentation des stratégies qui minimisent le caractère intrusif du processus de documentation et permettent d’établir un cercle vertueux pour la dissémination du répertoire.
Economic Prosperity Recaptured
Authors: Honkapohja Seppo , Koskela Erkki A. , Leibfritz Willi , Uusitalo Roope
Published: October 2013

Many countries have experienced major economic changes since the mid-1980s as a result of the deregulation and liberalization of national financial systems—two key aspects of globalization—with some experiencing boom and bust in rapid succession. The small Northern European country of Finland has been hailed as a success story for achieving renewed economic growth and prosperity after a financial crisis and deep depression in the early 1990s.

Economic Prosperity Recaptured offers a detailed analysis of the rapid swings in Finland's recent economic development, from initial overheating in the late 1980s through deep crisis in the early 1990s to recovery and growth since the mid-1990s.

Finland's complex road to recovery offers excellent examples of both unsuccessful and successful policy responses to changing circumstances. The authors examine the three relatively distinct periods of Finland's recent experience, analyzing the adequacy of the macroeconomic policy response in each case. They assess the real economic effects of financial constraints and look for evidence of the "credit channel" of the monetary system. Finland's rapid economic growth since the mid-1990s is largely the result of its structural transformation into a high-tech economy; Nokia is the most famous example of this information and communication technology success. Elaborating on Finland's ICT revolution, the authors demonstrate that well-designed economic policies contributed to Finland's economic turnaround.

CESifo Book series
Code/Space
Authors: Kitchin Rob , Dodge Martin
Published: October 2013

An analysis of the ways that software creates new spatialities in everyday life, from supermarket checkout lines to airline flight paths.

After little more than half a century since its initial development, computer code is extensively and intimately woven into the fabric of our everyday lives. From the digital alarm clock that wakes us to the air traffic control system that guides our plane in for a landing, software is shaping our world: it creates new ways of undertaking tasks, speeds up and automates existing practices, transforms social and economic relations, and offers new forms of cultural activity, personal empowerment, and modes of play. In Code/Space, Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge examine software from a spatial perspective, analyzing the dyadic relationship of software and space. The production of space, they argue, is increasingly dependent on code, and code is written to produce space. Examples of code/space include airport check-in areas, networked offices, and cafés that are transformed into workspaces by laptops and wireless access. Kitchin and Dodge argue that software, through its ability to do work in the world, transduces space. Then Kitchin and Dodge develop a set of conceptual tools for identifying and understanding the interrelationship of software, space, and everyday life, and illustrate their arguments with rich empirical material. And, finally, they issue a manifesto, calling for critical scholarship into the production and workings of code rather than simply the technologies it enables—a new kind of social science focused on explaining the social, economic, and spatial contours of software.
Tactics and practices of the alcohol industry in Latin America: What can policy makers do?
Authors: Zhang Ce , Monteiro Maristela
Published: October 2013

Zhang, C. & Monteiro, M. (2013). Tactics and practices of the alcohol industry in Latin America: What can policy makers do? International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 75-81-6. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.95 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.95)Aim: This paper describes the practices and tactics of the alcohol industry in Latin America, focusing on industry globalization and consolidation, implementation of research studies, marketing, and corporate responsibility initiatives, and discusses how these areas of influence may have an impact on alcohol policy development in this region.Design: The information provided here is drawn from an international literature review, news websites, and informal communications with officials in Ministries of Health and researchers from Latin America, and from annual reports and websites sponsored or maintained by major alcohol companies operating in Latin America.Setting: Latin America and Caribbean RegionFindings: Industry globalization and consolidation, implementation of research studies, marketing, and corporate responsibility initiatives are major activities of the alcohol industry in Latin America that can influence alcohol policy making.Conclusions: We conclude that implementing effective alcohol control policies is likely to fail if the influence and actions of the alcohol industry cannot be managed by policy makers in countries of this region. There is a need to increase knowledge of the alcohol industry’s role and actions and of its conflicts of interest with public health, and to build capacity across various sectors of government to implement effective policies, using clear rules for engagement. Research on alcohol marketing, corporate social responsibility practices and the industry’s influence on policy making should be a priority in emerging markets in general, but particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Construction of Mutant Alleles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae without Cloning: Overview and the Delitto Perfetto Method
Authors: Moqtaderi Zarmik , Geisberg Joseph V.
Published: October 2013

Traditionally, methods for introducing specific new mutations at target loci in the yeast genome have involved the preparation of disruption or gene‐replacement cassettes via multiple cloning steps. Sequences used for targeting these cassettes or integrating vectors are typically several hundred base pairs long. A variety of newer methods rely on the design of custom PCR oligonucleotides containing shorter sequence tails (∼50 nt) for targeting the locus of interest. These techniques obviate the need for cloning steps and allow construction of mutagenesis cassettes by PCR amplification. Such cassettes may be used for gene deletion, epitope tagging, or site‐specific mutagenesis. The strategies differ in several ways, most notably with respect to whether they allow reuse of the selection marker and whether extra sequences are left behind near the target locus. This unit presents a summary of methods for targeted mutagenesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae loci without cloning, including PCR‐based allele replacement, delitto perfetto, and MIRAGE. Next, a protocol is provided for the delitto perfetto PCR‐ and oligonucleotide‐based mutagenesis method, which offers particular advantages for generating several different mutant alleles of the same gene. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 104:13.10C.1‐13.10C.17. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SMILES zonal and diurnal variation climatology of stratospheric and mesospheric trace gasses: O3, HCl, HNO3, ClO, BrO, HOCl, HO2, and temperature
Authors: Kreyling Daniel , Sagawa Hideo , Wohltmann Ingo , Lehmann Ralph , Kasai Yasuko
Published: October 2013

We present a climatology of the diurnal variation of short‐lived atmospheric compounds, such as ClO, BrO, HO2, and HOCl, as well as longer‐lived species: O3, the hydrogen chloride isotopes H35Cl and H37Cl, and HNO3. Measurements were taken by the Superconducting Submillimeter‐wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES). This spectrally resolving radiometer, with very low observation noise and altitude range from the lower stratosphere to the lower thermosphere (20–100km), was measuring vertical profiles of absorption spectra along a non‐sun‐synchronous orbit, thus observing at all local times. We used the retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles to compile climatologies that are a function of pressure, a horizontal coordinate (latitude or equivalent latitude), and a temporal coordinate (solar zenith angle or local solar time). The main product presented are climatologies with a high resolution of the temporal coordinate (diurnal variation climatologies). In addition, we provide climatologies with a high resolution of the horizontal coordinate (zonal climatologies).The diurnal variation climatologies are based on data periods of 2 months and the zonal climatologies on monthly data periods. Consideration of the SMILES time‐space sampling patterns with respect to the averaging coordinates is a key issue for climatology creation, especially in case of diurnal variation climatologies. Biases induced by inhomogeneous sampling are minimized by carefully choosing the size of averaging bins. The sampling biases of the diurnal variation climatology of ClO and BrO are investigated in a comparison of homogeneously sampled model data versus SMILES‐sampled model data from the stratospheric Lagrangian chemistry and transport model Alfred Wegener Institute Lagrangian Chemisrty/Transport System. In most cases, the relative sampling error is in the range of 0–20%. The strongest impact of sampling biases is found where the species' temporal gradients are strongest (mostly at sunrise and sunset), with a relative error of 60–100%. The SMILES climatology data sets are available via the SMILES data distribution home page.
Inner shelf intrusions of offshore water in an upwelling system affect coastal connectivity
Authors: Nidzieko N. J. , Largier J. L.
Published: October 2013

Poleward warm water flows around Point Conception are an important transport mechanism linking biogeographic provinces along central California. These flows are initiated by relaxation of upwelling winds; the intensity and duration of upwelling is an important driver of how far north warm water penetrates against the prevailing surface currents. In this paper we present evidence of offshore surface water intrusions to the inner shelf, 130 km north of Point Conception, near Cambria, California. Satellite observations show that the intrusions originate as eddies generated offshore along the upwelling front. These eddies may form as submesoscale instabilities or by interaction of upwelling centers with offshore waters. The intrusions move southern waters to the central California inner shelf further northward than is typical for a coastal relaxation plume, and therefore, inner shelf connectivity and ecology may be governed over timescales and distances longer than those set by the intermittent relaxation of upwelling winds.
Rupture history of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake constrained with local strong motion and teleseismic body and surface waves
Authors: Hao Jinlai , Ji Chen , Wang Weimin , Yao Zhenxing
Published: October 2013

The rupture history of the 20 April 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan (China) earthquake is constrained by inverting waveforms of local strong motion, teleseismic broadband body waves, and long‐period surface waves. This earthquake ruptured a blind thrust fault oriented N210°E (along the Longmenshan fault zone) and dipping 40° to the NW. The inverted slip distribution is heterogeneous, dominated by a slip patch with a roughly right triangular shape, which spans a depth range of 5–20 km and accounts for two thirds of the total seismic moment (8.9 × 1018 N m). The rupture initiated roughly at the middle of the triangle's hypotenuse and, during the first 4 s, propagated mainly in along‐strike and downdip directions, toward a peak slip of 1.2 m. Despite a large number of fatalities and economic loss, the estimated static and apparent stress drops of the Lushan earthquake are 1.5 MPa and 0.35 MPa, considerably low with respect to other similar intraplate earthquakes.
Uncertainties in future ozone and PM10 projections over Europe from a regional climate multiphysics ensemble
Authors: Jiménez‐Guerrero P. , Jerez S. , Montávez J. P. , Trigo R. M.
Published: October 2013

Due to the computational time required for modeling air quality climatologies, the characterization of processes introducing the largest uncertainty in air quality‐climate projections is a sound field of research. Here an air quality ensemble is assessed over Europe for present (1971–2000) and future (2071–2100, SRES A2) periods to characterize the sensitivity of regional air quality projections to the physics of the regional climate model driving the simulations. The ensemble comprises eight members resulting from combining two options of parameterization schemes for the planetary boundary layer, cumulus, and microphysics. The differences in the ensemble members (spread) for the concentration of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM10) are strongly affected by the physics selected and could be considered as a matter of uncertainty in the change signals. Also, the leading processes causing the largest uncertainties in air quality projections have been identified and are mainly related to the election of the cumulus schemes.
Reversing climate warming by artificial atmospheric carbon‐dioxide removal: Can a Holocene‐like climate be restored?
Authors: MacDougall Andrew H.
Published: October 2013

Most climate modeling studies of future climate have focused on the effects of carbon emissions in the present century or the long‐term fate of anthropogenically emitted carbon. However, after carbon emissions cease, there may be a desire to return to a “safe” CO2 concentration within this millennium. Realistically, this implies artificially removing CO2 from the atmosphere. In this study, experiments are conducted using the University of Victoria Earth system‐climate model forced with novel future scenarios to explore the reversibility of climate warming as a response to a gradual return to preindustrial radiative forcing. Due to hysteresis in the permafrost carbon pool, the quantity of carbon that must be removed from the atmosphere is larger than the quantity that was originally emitted (115–180% of original emissions). In all the reversibility simulations with a moderate climate sensitivity, a climate resembling that of the Holocene can be restored by 3000 CE.
Ionospheric signatures of acoustic waves generated by transient tropospheric forcing
Authors: Zettergren M. D. , Snively J. B.
Published: October 2013

Acoustic waves generated by tropospheric sources may attain significant amplitudes in the thermosphere and overlying ionosphere. Although they are weak precursors to gravity waves in the mesosphere below, acoustic waves may achieve temperature and vertical wind perturbations on the order of approximately tens of Kelvin and m/s throughout the E and F regions. Their perturbations to total electron content are predicted to be detectable by ground‐based radar and GPS receivers; they also drive field‐aligned currents that may be detectable in situ via magnetometers. Although transient and short lived, ionospheric signatures of acoustic waves may provide new and quantitative insight into the forcing of the upper atmosphere from below.
Moderate‐magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
Authors: Wauthier Christelle , Roman Diana C. , Poland Michael P.
Published: October 2013

Although volcano‐tectonic (VT) earthquakes often occur in response to magma intrusion, it is rare for them to have magnitudes larger than ~M4. On 24 May 2007, two shallow M4+ earthquakes occurred beneath the upper part of the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. An integrated analysis of geodetic, seismic, and field data, together with Coulomb stress modeling, demonstrates that the earthquakes occurred due to strike‐slip motion on pre‐existing faults that bound Kīlauea Caldera to the southeast and that the pressurization of Kīlauea's summit magma system may have been sufficient to promote faulting. For the first time, we infer a plausible origin to generate rare moderate‐magnitude VTs at Kīlauea by reactivation of suitably oriented pre‐existing caldera‐bounding faults. Rare moderate‐ to large‐magnitude VTs at Kīlauea and other volcanoes can therefore result from reactivation of existing fault planes due to stresses induced by magmatic processes.
Mechanical behavior of gas‐saturated methane hydrate‐bearing sediments
Authors: Hyodo Masayuki , Li Yanghui , Yoneda Jun , Nakata Yukio , Yoshimoto Norimasa , Nishimura Akira , Song Yongchen
Published: October 2013

A series of triaxial compression tests were conducted in order to investigate the mechanical behavior of gas‐saturated methane hydrate‐bearing sediments, and a comparison was made between gas‐saturated and water‐saturated specimens. Measurements on gas‐saturated specimens indicate that (1) the larger the methane hydrate saturation, the larger the failure strength and the more apparent the shear dilation behavior; (2) failure strength and stiffness increase with increasing effective confining stress and pore pressure applied during compression, though the specimen becomes less dilative under higher effective confining stress; (3) lower temperatures lead to an increase of the stiffness and failure strength; (4) stiffness of specimens formed under lower pore pressure is higher than that of specimens formed under higher pore pressure but at the same effective stress; (5) stiffness and failure strength of gas‐saturated specimens are higher than those of water‐saturated specimens; (6) gas‐saturated specimens show more apparent strain‐softening behavior and larger volumetric strain than that of water‐saturated specimens.
Thermal equation of state and thermodynamic properties of iron carbide Fe3C to 31 GPa and 1473 K
Authors: Litasov Konstantin D. , Sharygin Igor S. , Dorogokupets Peter I. , Shatskiy Anton , Gavryushkin Pavel N. , Sokolova Tatiana S. , Ohtani Eiji , Li Jie , Funakoshi Kenichi
Published: October 2013

Resent experimental and theoretical studies suggested preferential stability of Fe3C over Fe7C3at the condition of the Earth's inner core. Previous studies showed that Fe3C remains in an orthorhombic structure with the space groupPnmato 250 GPa, but it undergoes ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) and PM to nonmagnetic (NM) phase transitions at 6–8 and 55–60 GPa, respectively. These transitions cause uncertainties in the calculation of the thermoelastic and thermodynamic parameters of Fe3C at core conditions. In this work we determinedP‐V‐Tequation of state of Fe3C using the multianvil technique and synchrotron radiation at pressures up to 31 GPa and temperatures up to 1473 K. A fit of ourP‐V‐Tdata to a Mie‐Gruneisen‐Debye equation of state produce the following thermoelastic parameters for the PM‐phase of Fe3C:V0 = 154.6 (1) Å3,KT0= 192 (3) GPa,KT′ = 4.5 (1),γ0= 2.09 (4),θ0 = 490 (120) К, andq = −0.1 (3). Optimization of theP‐V‐Tdata for the PM phase along with existing reference data for thermal expansion and heat capacity using a Kunc‐Einstein equation of state yielded the following parameters:V0 = 2.327 cm3/mol (154.56 Å3),KT0 = 190.8 GPa,KT′ = 4.68, ΘE10 = 305 K (which corresponds toθ0 = 407 K), γ0 = 2.10,e0 = 9.2 × 10−5K−1,m = 4.3, andg = 0.66 with fixed parametersmE1 = 3n = 12, γ∞ = 0,β = 0.3, anda0 = 0. This formulation allows for calculations of any thermodynamic functions of Fe3C versusTandVor versusTandP. Assuming carbon as the sole light element in the inner core, extrapolation of our equation of state of the NM phase of Fe3C suggests that 3.3 ± 0.9 wt % С at 5000 К and 2.3 ± 0.8 wt % С at 7000 К matches the density at the inner core boundary.
Three‐dimensional velocity field of present‐day crustal motion of the Tibetan Plateau derived from GPS measurements
Authors: Liang Shiming , Gan Weijun , Shen Chuanzheng , Xiao Genru , Liu Jing , Chen Weitao , Ding Xiaoguang , Zhou Deming
Published: October 2013

Using the measurements of 750 GPS stations around the Tibetan Plateau for over 10 years since 1999, we derived a high‐resolution 3‐D velocity field for the present‐day crustal movement of the plateau. The horizontal velocity field relative to stable Eurasia displays in details the crustal movement and tectonic deformation features of the India‐Eurasia continental collision zone with thrust compression, lateral extrusion, and clockwise rotation. The vertical velocity field reveals that the Tibetan Plateau is continuing to rise as a whole relative to its stable north neighbor. However, in some subregions, uplift is insignificant or even negative. The main features of the vertical crustal deformation of the plateau are the following: (a) The Himalayan range is still rising at a rate of ~2 mm/yr. The uplift rate is ~6 mm/yr with respect to the south foot of the Himalayan range. (b) The middle eastern plateau has a typical uplift rate between 1 and 2 mm/yr, and some high mountain ranges in this area, like the Longmen Shan and Gongga Shan, have surprising uplift rates as large as 2–3mm/yr. (c) In the middle southern plateau, there is a basin and endorheic subregion with a series of NS striking normal faults, showing obvious sinking with the rates between 0 and ‐3 mm/yr. (d) The present‐day rising and sinking subregions generally correspond well to the Cenozoic orogenic belts and basins, respectively. (e) At the southeastern corner of the plateau. There is an apparent trend that the uplift rate is gradually decreasing from between 0.8 and 2.3 mm/yr in the inner plateau to between ‐0.5 and ‐1.6 mm/yr outside the plateau, with the decrease of terrain height.
Probabilistic forecasting for isolated thunderstorms using a genetic algorithm: The DC3 campaign
Authors: Hanlon Christopher J. , Young George S. , Verlinde Johannes , Small Arthur A. , Bose Satyajit
Published: October 2013

Researchers on the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign in summer 2012 sought airborne in situ measurements of isolated thunderstorms in three different study regions: northeast Colorado, north Alabama, and a larger region extending from central Oklahoma through northwest Texas. Experiment objectives required thunderstorms that met four criteria. To sample thunderstorm outflow, storms had to be large enough to transport boundary‐layer air to the upper troposphere and have a lifetime long enough to produce a large anvil. The storms had to be small enough to sample safely and isolated enough that experimenters could distinguish the impact of a particular thunderstorm from other convection in the area. To aid in the optimization of daily flight decisions, an algorithmic forecasting system was developed that produced probabilistic forecasts of suitable flight conditions for each of the three regions. Atmospheric variables forecast by a high‐resolution numerical weather prediction model for each region were converted to probabilistic forecasts of suitable conditions using fuzzy logic trapezoids, which quantified the favorability of each variable. In parallel, the trapezoid parameters were tuned using a genetic algorithm and the favorability values of each of the atmospheric variables were weighted using a logistic regression. Results indicate that the automated forecasting system shows predictive skill over climatology in each region, with Brier skill scores of 16% to 45%. Averaged over all regions, the automated forecasting system showed a Brier skill score of 32%, compared to the 24% Brier skill score shown by human forecast teams.
Impacts of assimilation of ATMS data in HWRF on track and intensity forecasts of 2012 four landfall hurricanes
Authors: Zou X. , Weng F. , Zhang B. , Lin L. , Qin Z. , Tallapragada V.
Published: October 2013

This study demonstrates the added benefits of assimilating the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) radiances in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system to forecasts of four Atlantic hurricane cases that made landfall in 2012. In the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system, the HWRF model top is raised to ~0.5 hPa and the cold start embedded in the HWRF system is changed to a warm start. The ATMS data quality control (QC) procedure is examined and illustrated for its effectiveness in removing cloudy radiances of all the 22 ATMS channels using primarily the information from ATMS channels 1 and 2. For each hurricane case, two pairs of data assimilation and forecasting experiments are carried out and compared with and without including ATMS data. The only difference between the two pairs of experiments is that the second pair also includes data from several other polar‐orbiting satellite instruments. It is shown that ATMS data assimilation in HWRF results in a consistent positive impact on the track and intensity forecasts of the four landfall hurricanes.
Estimating the broadband longwave emissivity of global bare soil from the MODIS shortwave albedo product
Authors: Cheng Jie , Liang Shunlin
Published: October 2013

A constant land surface longwave emissivity value, or very simple parameterization, has been adopted by current land surface models because of a current lack of reliable observations. Of all the various Earth surface types, bare soil has the highest variations in broadband emissivity (BBE). We propose here a new algorithm to estimate BBE in the 8–13.5 µm spectral range based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) albedo product for bare soil. This algorithm takes advantage of both Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) longwave emissivity and MODIS shortwave albedo products, as well as the established linear relationship between ASTER BBE and seven MODIS spectral albedos for bare soil. In order to mitigate step discontinuities in the global land surface BBE product, a transition zone was established and the BBE estimation method was also provided. Three linear formulae were derived for bare soil and transition zones, respectively. Given the accuracy of 0.01 for MODIS spectral albedo, the absolute accuracy of BBE retrieval is better than 0.017. The validation results obtained from the three field trials conducted in China and one field trial in western/southwestern U.S. indicated that the average difference between the estimated BBE and the measured BBE was 0.016. We have introduced a new strategy to generate global land surface BBE using MODIS data. This strategy was used to generate global 8 day 1 km land surface BBE products from 2000 through 2010.
The brief aggression questionnaire: psychometric and behavioral evidence for an efficient measure of trait aggression
Authors: Webster Gregory D. , DeWall C. Nathan , Pond Richard S. , Deckman Timothy , Jonason Peter K. , Le Bonnie M. , Nichols Austin Lee , Schember Tatiana Orozco , Crysel Laura C. , Crosier Benjamin S. , Smith C. Veronica , Paddock E. Layne , Nezlek John B. , Kirkpatrick Lee A. , Bryan Angela D. , Bator Renée J.
Published: October 2013

A key problem facing aggression research is how to measure individual differences in aggression accurately and efficiently without sacrificing reliability or validity. Researchers are increasingly demanding brief measures of aggression for use in applied settings, field studies, pretest screening, longitudinal, and daily diary studies. The authors selected the three highest loading items from each of the Aggression Questionnaire's (Buss & Perry, 1992) four subscales—Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, anger, and hostility—and developed an efficient 12‐item measure of aggression—the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ). Across five studies (N = 3,996), the BAQ showed theoretically consistent patterns of convergent and discriminant validity with other self‐report measures, consistent four‐factor structures using factor analyses, adequate recovery of information using item response theory methods, stable test–retest reliability, and convergent validity with behavioral measures of aggression. The authors discuss the reliability, validity, and efficiency of the BAQ, along with its many potential applications. Aggr. Behav. 40:120–139, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Line‐up Misidentifications: When Being ‘Prototypically Black’ is Perceived as Criminal
Authors: Knuycky Leslie R. , Kleider Heather M. , Cavrak Sarah E.
Published: October 2013

Eyewitness misidentifications are the leading factor contributing to wrongful convictions. Black men, more than any other racial group, are disproportionately affected by this, thus elevating the importance of identifying factors that contribute to the false recollection of unseen faces. In the current studies, we tested whether misplaced familiarity and subsequent misidentification of Black faces was underpinned by the degree to which target faces were considered ‘prototypical’ (i.e., representative) of the Black race category. First, results revealed that Black faces with stereotypical facial features were accurately categorized as ‘Black’ quicker than faces with nonstereotypical features (Experiment 1). Moreover, identification errors were higher for both face recognition (Experiment 2) and line‐up identification (Experiment3) for stereotypical‐featured than nonstereotypical‐featured faces. Overall, results suggest that stereotypical Black faces are representative of the category ‘Black’ and facilitated feelings of familiarity and the endorsement of memory errors that may underpin eyewitness misidentifications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of Care for Incident Lupus Nephritis Among Medicaid Beneficiaries in the United States
Authors: Yazdany Jinoos , Feldman Candace H. , Liu Jun , Ward Michael M. , Fischer Michael A. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: October 2013

Objective

We investigated the quality of care and factors associated with variations in care among a national cohort of Medicaid enrollees with incident lupus nephritis.

Methods

Using Medicaid Analytic eXtract files from 47 US states and the District of Columbia for 2000–2006, we identified a cohort of individuals with incident lupus nephritis. We assessed performance on 3 measures of health care quality: receipt of immunosuppressive, renal‐protective antihypertensive, and antimalarial medications. We examined performance on these measures over 1 year and applied multivariable logistic regression models to understand whether sociodemographic, geographic, or health care access factors were associated with higher performance on quality measures.

Results

We identified 1,711 Medicaid enrollees with incident lupus nephritis. Performance on quality measures was low at 90 days (21.9% for immunosuppressive therapy, 44.0% for renal protection, and 36.4% for antimalarials) but increased by 1 year (33.7%, 56.4%, and 45.8%, respectively). Younger individuals, African Americans, and Hispanics were more likely to receive immunosuppressive therapy and hydroxychloroquine. Younger individuals were less likely to receive renal‐protective antihypertensive medications. We found significant geographic variation in performance, with patients in the Northeast receiving higher quality of care compared to other regions. Poor access to health care, as assessed by having a greater number of treat‐and‐release emergency department visits compared to ambulatory encounters, was associated with lower receipt of recommended treatment.

Conclusion

These nationwide data suggest low overall quality of care and potential delays in care for Medicaid enrollees with incident lupus nephritis. Significant regional differences also suggest room for quality improvement.
Ultrasound Detection of Cartilage Calcification at Knee Level in Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
Authors: Gutierrez Marwin , Di Geso Luca , Salaffi Fausto , Carotti Marina , Girolimetti Rita , De Angelis Rossella , Filippucci Emilio , Grassi Walter
Published: October 2013

Objective

To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound (US) in the detection of cartilage calcification at knee level in patients with calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) and to assess the interobserver reliability.

Methods

Seventy‐four CPDD patients and 83 controls with other chronic arthritis were included. All patients underwent a clinical examination, synovial fluid analysis, and radiographic assessment of the knee. US examinations were performed in order to detect hyperechoic spots within the hyaline cartilage layer and hyperechoic areas within the meniscal fibrocartilage. Twenty patients were assessed by 2 operators in order to calculate the interobserver reliability.

Results

A total of 314 knees in 157 patients (74 with CPDD, 19 with rheumatoid arthritis, 17 with spondyloarthritis, 32 with osteoarthritis, and 15 with gout) were assessed. In the 74 patients with CPDD, hyaline cartilage spots were detected by US in at least 1 knee in 44 patients (59.5%), whereas radiography detected hyaline cartilage spots in 34 patients (45.9%) (P < 0.001). Meniscal fibrocartilage calcifications were detected by US in 67 of the 74 CPDD patients (90.5%), whereas conventional radiography detected calcifications in 62 patients (83.7%) (P = 0.011). The criterion validity expressed as percentage of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of US in the detection of articular cartilage calcification was high. Both kappa values and overall agreement percentages showed moderate to excellent agreement.

Conclusion

US is an accurate and reliable imaging technique in the detection of articular cartilage calcification at knee level in patients with CPDD.
Impairment of Dynamic Single‐Leg Balance Performance in Individuals With Hip Chondropathy
Authors: Hatton Anna L. , Kemp Joanne L. , Brauer Sandra G. , Clark Ross A. , Crossley Kay M.
Published: October 2013

Objective

Impaired balance control has been reported in the elderly with hip osteoarthritis, yet this relationship has not been explored in young adults with hip chondropathy. This study aimed to determine whether people with hip chondropathy demonstrated impaired balance ability during a dynamic single‐leg squat with eyes open (SquatEO) and a single‐leg standing task with eyes closed (StandEC) and whether hip range of motion (ROM) and hip muscle strength were correlated with balance measures in adults with hip chondropathy.

Methods

Sixty‐three adults with hip chondropathy and 60 controls performed 2 tasks: SquatEO and StandEC while standing on a Nintendo Wii Balance Board. Center of pressure (COP) movement in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions was extracted. Hip ROM and muscle strength were measured with an inclinometer and dynamometer. Data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance and stepwise multiple regression model.

Results

During SquatEO, greater COP mediolateral range (P = 0.023) and anteroposterior SD (P = 0.043) were observed in those with hip chondropathy compared to controls. No significant between‐group differences were observed for StandEC. Hip external rotation ROM was significantly associated with mediolateral range during SquatEO.

Conclusion

Dynamic single‐leg balance squat performance is reduced in people with hip chondropathy compared to healthy adults, but static single‐leg standing balance is not. This may be reflective of reduced control of dynamic movements. Those with greater hip joint external rotation ROM appear to have worse single‐leg squat balance performance. Further investigation into balance deficits associated with hip disease is necessary to establish early identification strategies and a tailored approach to rehabilitation.