bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third Generation Disadvantage among Mexican Americans
Authors: Ortiz Vilma , Telles Edward
Published: June 2017

Among Mexican Americans, generational differences in education do not fit with assimilation theory’s predictions of significant improvement from the second to third generation; instead, education for third generation remains similar to the second generation and falls behind that of non-Hispanic whites. Scholars have not examined this educational gap for recent cohorts, nor have they considered a wide range of economic outcomes by generation. Using a nationally representative sample of young adults from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey, we examine various educational and economic outcomes among second- and third-generation Mexican Americans and compare it to whites and blacks. We find that third-generation Mexican Americans have similar outcomes to the second generation and lower education and economic levels than whites and blacks, even when controlling for key factors. Our findings reveal limitations to assimilation theory and suggest that the persistent low status of third-generation Mexican Americans may be largely due to their racialization. These findings coupled with prior research on Mexican Americans point to a consistent pattern of third generation disadvantage, which stands in contrast to second generation advantage.
A Critical Assessment of Comparative Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Suzuki Kazuko
Published: June 2017

This article provides a critical assessment of comparative sociology of race and ethnicity (CSRE). It underscores leading themes and conceptual paradigms that shape current studies in cross-cultural, cross-national, cross-regional, and transnational perspectives on race. It highlights cutting-edge work in the field by examining some cardinal concerns in studies by region, and it points to lacunae that must be addressed by future research. I argue that studies of race in sociology have been anchored in concepts, theories, and paradigms that are heavily derived from U.S.-based experiences and models for too long. I urge for more studies of race and ethnicity that are not limited by this dominance of U.S.-based perspectives or by those that privilege Western contexts such as Europe. This is because there is no cogent reason to assume that race and its intertwined concept of ethnicity are primarily or originally U.S.- or Western-grounded phenomena. The article concludes by pointing to some conceptual and methodological notions that ought to guide future research in the area.
Lixisenatide: A New Option for Managing Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Newsome Jonathan S.
Published: June 2017

Objective: To evaluate the clinical role of Adlyxin (lixisenatide) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of the English language indexed from January 2013 to April 2017 was conducted using the search terms lixisenatide, safety, and efficacy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies including human subjects were utilized to assess the efficacy and safety of lixisenatide. Data Synthesis: Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) that increases glucose-dependent insulin release, decreases glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. Clinical trials demonstrate that lixisenatide is an effective add-on pharmacotherapy option to achieve goal HbA1c levels. For example, in the Get Goal-Duo 1 study, HbA1c decreased to 7.0% in the lixisenatide group versus 7.3% in the placebo group (least square mean difference of −0.3%, P < .0001). Furthermore, lixisenatide was shown to be superior to liraglutide in reducing postbreakfast glucose levels. Conclusions: Clinical studies have demonstrated that lixisenatide is a safe and effective treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, it may be a safer and equally effective option to rapid-acting insulin.
S100-A9 protein in exosomes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells promotes NF-κB activity during disease progression
Authors: Prieto Daniel , Sotelo Natalia , Seija Noé , Sernbo Sandra , Abreu Cecilia , Durán Rosario , Gil Magdalena , Sicco Estefanía , Irigoin Victoria , Oliver Carolina , Landoni Ana Inés , Gabus Raúl , Dighiero Guillermo , Oppezzo Pablo
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Plasma-derived exosomes from patients with CLL exhibit different protein cargo compositions depending on disease status and progression. S100-A9 protein is overexpressed and S100-A9 cargo in exosomes activates NF-κB pathway in patients with CLL during disease progression.
Development of an objective gene expression panel as an alternative to self-reported symptom scores in human influenza challenge trials
Authors: Muller Julius , Parizotto Eneida , Antrobus Richard , Francis James , Bunce Campbell , Stranks Amanda , Nichols Marshall , McClain Micah , Hill Adrian V. S. , Ramasamy Adaikalavan , Gilbert Sarah C.
Published: June 2017

Background

Influenza challenge trials are important for vaccine efficacy testing. Currently, disease severity is determined by self-reported scores to a list of symptoms which can be highly subjective. A more objective measure would allow for improved data analysis.

Methods

Twenty-one volunteers participated in an influenza challenge trial. We calculated the daily sum of scores (DSS) for a list of 16 influenza symptoms. Whole blood collected at baseline and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post challenge was profiled on Illumina HT12v4 microarrays. Changes in gene expression most strongly correlated with DSS were selected to train a Random Forest model and tested on two independent test sets consisting of 41 individuals profiled on a different microarray platform and 33 volunteers assayed by qRT-PCR.

Results

1456 probes are significantly associated with DSS at 1% false discovery rate. We selected 19 genes with the largest fold change to train a random forest model. We observed good concordance between predicted and actual scores in the first test set (r = 0.57; RMSE = −16.1%) with the greatest agreement achieved on samples collected approximately 72 h post challenge. Therefore, we assayed samples collected at baseline and 72 h post challenge in the second test set by qRT-PCR and observed good concordance (r = 0.81; RMSE = −36.1%).

Conclusions

We developed a 19-gene qRT-PCR panel to predict DSS, validated on two independent datasets. A transcriptomics based panel could provide a more objective measure of symptom scoring in future influenza challenge studies.

Trial registration Samples were obtained from a clinical trial with the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02014870, first registered on December 5, 2013
Problem Management Plus (PM+) in the management of common mental disorders in a specialized mental healthcare facility in Pakistan; study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hamdani Syed Usman , Ahmed Zainab , Sijbrandij Marit , Nazir Huma , Masood Aqsa , Akhtar Parveen , Amin Hania , Bryant Richard A. , Dawson Katie , van Ommeren Mark , Rahman Atif , Minhas Fareed Aslam
Published: June 2017

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed Problem Management Plus (PM+), a 5-session, psychological intervention program delivered by trained non-specialist that addresses common mental disorders. The objectives of this study are to evaluate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PM+ in a specialized mental health care facility in Pakistan.

Methods

A single blind individual randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out in the outpatient department of a specialized mental healthcare facility in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. After informed consent, patients with high psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire-12 (score >2) and functional impairment (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 score >16) will be randomised to PM+ plus treatment as usual (n = 96) or TAU only (n = 96). The primary outcome is the psychological distress, measured by levels of anxiety and depression on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and improvement in functioning as measured by WHODAS at 20 weeks after baseline. Secondary outcomes include improvement in symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, levels of social support and cost effectiveness evaluation. Qualitative interviews will be conducted to evaluate the process of implementing PM+ including barriers and facilitators in implementation and possibility of integration of PM+ program in specialized mental health care facilities in Pakistan.

Discussion

The results of this study will be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of the approach of training non specialists, based in the specialized mental health care facilities in delivering evidence based psychological interventions in the low resource settings.

Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000381482. Registered Retrospectively on March 23, 2016
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Dynamically Increases Nocturnal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Glucose, and Cortisol During Sleep
Authors: Chopra Swati , Rathore Aman , Younas Haris , Pham Luu V , Gu Chenjuan , Beselman Aleksandra , Kim Il-Young , Wolfe Robert R , Perin Jamie , Polotsky Vsevolod Y , Jun Jonathan C
Published: June 2017

Context

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This association may be related to metabolic changes that transpire during sleep in OSA.

Objective

To examine the impact of OSA, elicited by cessation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), on frequently sampled nocturnal metabolic markers including plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TGs), cortisol, and lactate, as well as glucose production, oral glucose tolerance, blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Design and Setting

Randomized crossover trial of CPAP vs CPAP withdrawal.

Patients

Thirty-one patients with moderate to severe OSA acclimated to CPAP.

Intervention

Patients underwent attended polysomnography while sleeping with therapeutic CPAP, or after CPAP withdrawal, in random order. Venous blood was sampled at ∼20-minute intervals on both nights. In 11 patients, we assessed glucose kinetics with an infusion of 6,6-[2H2]glucose.

Results

CPAP withdrawal caused recurrence of OSA associated with hypoxemia, sleep disruption, and heart rate (HR) elevation. CPAP withdrawal dynamically increased nocturnal FFA (P = 0.007), glucose (P = 0.028), and cortisol (P = 0.037), in proportion to respiratory event frequency, HR elevation, or sleep fragmentation. Diabetes predisposed to glucose elevation. CPAP withdrawal also increased systolic BP (P = 0.017) and augmentation index (P = 0.008), but did not affect insulin, TGs, glucose production, oral glucose tolerance, cholesterol, or hsCRP.

Conclusion

OSA recurrence during CPAP withdrawal increases FFA and glucose during sleep, associated with sympathetic and adrenocortical activation. Recurring exposure to these metabolic changes may foster diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Acknowledging Addie’s Pain: Language, Wittgenstein, andAs I Lay Dying
Authors: Chase Greg
Published: June 2017

Where Addie Bundren’s bitter statement in Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying that “words are no good” has often been read as concerning the universal shortcomings of language, this article turns to the philosophy of Faulkner’s contemporary Ludwig Wittgenstein for a more context-specific understanding of how words convey meaning. Drawing on Stanley Cavell’s distinction between knowledge and acknowledgment, this article proposes that Addie’s social position as a poor housewife in the modernizing US South prompts her to focus on language’s epistemological limits, at the expense of its empathetic possibilities. The particular words Addie repudiates—words like “motherhood” and “sin”—attest to the connection between her philosophical views and her deepest lived frustrations. In turn, Addie’s linguistic philosophy informs those of her children—particularly Dewey Dell, Darl, and Vardaman—all of whom feel alienated from their society and struggle to gain acknowledgment through language.
Chemistry Can Make Strict and Fuzzy Controls for Bio-Systems: DNA Nanoarchitectonics and Cell-Macromolecular Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Yoshimoto Keitaro , Sisido Masahiko , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: June 2017

In this review, we introduce two kinds of bio-related nanoarchitectonics, DNA nanoarchitectonics and cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics, both of which are basically controlled by chemical strategies. The former DNA-based approach would represent the precise nature of the nanoarchitectonics based on the strict or “digital” molecular recognition between nucleic bases. This part includes functionalization of single DNAs by chemical means, modification of the main-chain or side-chain bases to achieve stronger DNA binding, DNA aptamers and DNAzymes. It also includes programmable assemblies of DNAs (DNA Origami) and their applications for delivery of drugs to target sites in vivo, sensing in vivo, and selective labeling of biomaterials in cells and in animals. In contrast to the digital molecular recognition between nucleic bases, cell membrane assemblies and their interaction with macromolecules are achieved through rather generic and “analog” interactions such as hydrophobic effects and electrostatic forces. This cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics is discussed in the latter part of this review. This part includes bottom-up and top-down approaches for constructing highly organized cell-architectures with macromolecules, for regulating cell adhesion pattern and their functions in two-dimension, for generating three-dimensional cell architectures on micro-patterned surfaces, and for building synthetic/natural macromolecular modified hybrid biointerfaces.
Editorial
Authors: Μανούσου Ευαγγελία
Published: June 2017

editorial
H παλαιοχριστιανική βασιλική του Βοσκοχωρίου
Authors: Ξυγγόπουλος Α.
Published: June 2017

[χωρίς περίληψη]
Η Μακεδονική Λεγεών κατά το 1821
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: June 2017

[χωρίς περίληψη]
Πατριαρχικαί πράξεις, φερμάνια και άλλα τινά έγγραφα
Authors: Σιγάλας Α.
Published: June 2017

[χωρίς περίληψη]
Ιωσήφ ο Στουδίτης αρχιεπίσκοπος Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Ευστρατιάδης Σωφρόνιος
Published: June 2017

[χωρίς περίληψη]
Probability Forecasts Made at Multiple Lead Times
Authors: Regnier Eva
Published: June 2017

Many probability forecasts are revised as new information becomes available, generating a time series of forecasts for a single event. Although methods for evaluating probability forecasts have been extensively studied, they apply to a single forecast per event. This paper is the first to evaluate probability forecasts that are made—and therefore revised—at many lead times for a single event. I postulate a norm for multi-period probability-forecasting systems and derive properties that should hold regardless of the forecasting process. I use these properties to develop methods for evaluating a forecasting system based on a sample. I apply these methods to the National Hurricane Center’s wind-speed probability forecasts and to statistical election forecasts, finding evidence that both can be improved using the current set of predictors.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Oral decontamination techniques and ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Chacko Ranjitha , Rajan Amala , Lionel Prabha , Thilagavathi M , Yadav Bijesh , Premkumar Jeyarani
Published: June 2017

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the major nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU), contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that oral decontamination through the use of mechanical and pharmacological agents significantly reduces the incidence of VAP, but oral care practices in ICUs are not consistent. A double-blind randomised controlled trial was undertaken in the medical ICU of a tertiary care centre in India, to assess the efficacy of a toothbrush-based oral care technique in reducing incidence of VAP. Tooth-brushing with concurrent suctioning technique was not proved to be superior to mouth-swabbing. The greatest risk factor for developing VAP was the number of ventilator days (length of time on a ventilator). There was a statistical association between gender and presence of antibiotics with VAP.
Fostering Inclusion of Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities by Using Learning Map Models and Map-Based Assessments
Authors: Kingston Neal M. , Karvonen Meagan , Thompson James R. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Shogren Karrie A.
Published: June 2017

Although there is widespread agreement among both special education experts and general classroom teachers that students with significant cognitive disabilities should participate in inclusive classrooms, most teachers report that they do not know how to do this effectively. One of the challenge teachers face is figuring out how to focus on grade-level expectations, but in a way that is appropriate for all students in such diverse classrooms. The use of learning map models, as exemplified by the Dynamic Learning Maps Alternate Assessment, holds promise as a tool to help teachers in inclusive classrooms.
New Silk Road artworlds: The art of the hybrid and the marginal at the Xinjiang Contemporary Art Museum
Authors: Byler Darren
Published: June 2017

Since the early 2000s many second-tier Chinese cities have begun to cultivate contemporary art scenes. Ürümchi, the capital city of the north-west province of Xinjiang, is no exception. Following Xi Jinping’s announcement of the New Silk Road Economic Belt in 2013, a group of artists from the city received support from the Xinjiang Cultural Ministry to transform a decommissioned government building into the Xinjiang Contemporary Art Museum. Many of the exhibitions hosted in the space focus not only on themes of Silk Road revitalization but also representations of migration, frontier marginalization and the spectacle of rapid capitalist development. One outcome of this is the emergence of contemporary art rooted in the ‘hybrid’ traditions of Uyghur artists. In addition, a school of Han migrant documentary photography and figurative painting, which the art critic, curator and painter Zeng Qunkai has called ‘black and white marginality’, has begun to emerge.
Terrible force
Authors: Gerasimov Gregory A.
Published: June 2017

Позиции, которые ранее в общественной жизни занимала беспристрастная экспертиза, сегодня сильно пошатнулись. В эпоху интернета, Википедии и социальных сетей народные массы перешли грань от естественного скептицизма в отношении мнения экспертов к активному противопоставлению собственного невежества сумме накопленных наукой и практикой данных. Парадокс состоит в том, что кампании против научных знаний часто ведут не только невежды, но и люди, у которых есть все возможности для адекватного понимания вопроса.
“Chick Noir”: Shopaholic Meets Double Indemnity
Authors: Kennedy Victoria
Published: June 2017

In early 2014, several articles appeared proclaiming the rise to prominence of a new subgenre of the crime novel: “chick noir,” which included popular books like Gone Girl, The Silent Wife, and Before We Met. However, there was also resistance to the new genre label from critics who viewed it as belittling to women’s writing and to female-focused narratives. Indeed, the separation of female-centred books - whether “chick lit” or “chick noir” - from mainstream fiction remains highly problematic and reflects the persistence of a gendered literary hierarchy. However, as this paper suggests, the label “chick noir” also reflects the fact that in these novels the crime thriller has been revitalized through cross-pollination with the so-called chick lit novel. I contend that chick lit and chick noir are two narrative forms addressing many of the same concerns relating to the modern woman, offering two different responses: humour and horror. Comparing the features of chick noir to those of chick lit and noir crime fiction, I suggest that chick noir may be read as a manifestation of feminist anger and anxiety - responses to the contemporary pressure to be “wonder women.”
Bloody Women: How Female Authors Have Transformed the Scottish Contemporary Crime Fiction Genre
Authors: Hill Lorna
Published: June 2017

This study will explore the role of female authors in contemporary Scottish crime fiction. Over the past thirty years, women writers have overhauled the traditionally male dominated genre of crime fiction by writing about strong female characters who drive the plot and solve the crimes. Authors including Val McDermid, Denise Mina and Lin Anderson are just a few of the women who have challenged the expectation of gender and genre. By setting their novels in contemporary society they reflect a range of social and political issues through the lens of a female protagonist. By closely examining the female characters, both journalists, in Val McDermid’s Lindsay Gordon series and Denise Mina’s Paddy Meehan series, I wish to explore the issue of gender through these writers’ perspectives.

This essay documents the influence of these writers on my own practice-based research which involves writing a crime novel set in a post referendum Scotland. I examine a progressive and contemporary Scottish society, where women hold many senior positions in public life, and investigate whether this has an effect on the outcome of crimes. Through this narrative, my main character will focus on the current and largely hidden crimes of human trafficking and domestic abuse. By doing this I examine the ways in which the modern crime novel has evolved to cross genre boundaries. In addition to focusing on a crime, the victims and witnesses, today’s crime novels are tackling social issues to reflect society’s changing attitudes and values.
Testing of resveratrol microemulsion photostability and protective effect against UV induced oxidative stress
Authors: Juškaitė Vaida , Ramanauskienė Kristina , Briedis Vitalis
Published: June 2017

Resveratrol is well known for its antioxidant activity and susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. Development of formulations providing improved stability and relevant drug delivery of resveratrol is still a challenging task. The aim of this study was to determine protective characteristics of formulated microemulsions by evaluating photoisomerization of resveratrol and to investigate the effects of resveratrol on human keratinocyte cells under oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation. Incorporation of resveratrol into microemulsions resulted in increased photostability of active compounds and the results demonstrated that photodegradation of resveratrol was significantly delayed. Results of biopharmaceutical evaluation in vitro demonstrated that up to 60 % of resveratrol was released from microemulsions within 6 hours under a constant release rate profile. In vivo biological testing confirmed the ability of resveratrol to protect cells from oxidative stress and to increase cell viability. It was concluded that microemulsions might be considered in the development of UV light sensitive compounds.
Patterning roadmap: 2017 prospects
Authors: Neisser Mark
Published: June 2017

Road mapping of semiconductor chips has been underway for over 20 years, first with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) roadmap and now with the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) roadmap. The original roadmap was mostly driven bottom up and was developed to ensure that the large numbers of semiconductor producers and suppliers had good information to base their research and development on. The current roadmap is generated more top-down, where the customers of semiconductor chips anticipate what will be needed in the future and the roadmap projects what will be needed to fulfill that demand. The More Moore section of the roadmap projects that advanced logic will drive higher-resolution patterning, rather than memory chips. Potential solutions for patterning future logic nodes can be derived as extensions of ‘next-generation’ patterning technologies currently under development. Advanced patterning has made great progress, and two ‘next-generation’ patterning technologies, EUV and nanoimprint lithography, have potential to be in production as early as 2018. The potential adoption of two different next-generation patterning technologies suggests that patterning technology is becoming more specialized. This is good for the industry in that it lowers overall costs, but may lead to slower progress in extending any one patterning technology in the future.
Processing of Digital Plates1.2m of Baldone Observatory Schmidt Telescope
Authors: Eglitis Ilgmars , Andruk Vitaly
Published: June 2017

The aim of this research is to evaluate accuracy of Plate Processing Method and to perform a detailed study of the Epson Expression 10000XL scanner, which was used to digitize plates from the database collection of the 1.2 m Schmidt Telescope installed in the Baldone Observatory. Special software developed in LINUX/MIDAS/ROMAFOT environment was used for processing the scans. Results of the digitized files with grey gradations of 8- and 16-bits were compared; an estimation of the accuracy of the developed method for rectangular coordinates determination and photometry was made. Errors in the instrumental system are ±0.026 pixels and ±0.024m for coordinates and stellar magnitudes respectively. To evaluate the repeatability of the scanner’s astrometric and photometric errors, six consecutive scans of one plate were processed with a spatial separation of 1200 dpi. The following error estimations are obtained for stars brighter than U< 13.5m: σxy = ±0.021 to 0.027 pixels and σm = ±0.014m to 0.016m for rectangular coordinates and instrumental stellar magnitudes respectively.
Electrochemical impedance and electrical resistance sensors for the evaluation of anticorrosive coating degradation
Authors: Zajec Bojan , Bajt Leban Mirjam , Lenart Stanislav , Gavin Kenneth , Legat Andraž
Published: June 2017

Anticorrosive coatings are commonly used to protect metal structures from corrosion and thus assure constancy of the metal profile area, and consequently the mechanical stability of the metal structure. Due to environmental factors, corrosion of metal structures is inevitable and is considered during the design process; however, it is very difficult to predict the corrosion rate a priori, and the designer usually relies on empirical data to make an assessment. In an attempt to address this issue, various types of sensors that monitor the state of metallic coatings have been developed. In this study, the abilities of two systems, one based on electrochemical impedance and one using electrical resistance, developed by the authors to allow remote real-time monitoring of bridges are described. A laboratory study is presented in which three different sensor coating configurations were evaluated in three simulated environments: a salt spray chamber, a humid chamber, and an industrial chamber. The corrosion rates were monitored over a 9-month study period. Periodic measurements were made of the sensor output signals, and visual inspections (close-up photographs) were made to compare the visual and monitored response of the sensors. The sensitivity of the sensors is described, and the advantages and disadvantages concerning their deployment for field operations are discussed.
Priority Selection Within National Innovation Strategy in Global Context
Authors: Prokopenko Olha , Omelyanenko Vitaliy
Published: June 2017

The article deals with global experience in analysing the priorities based on their importance for country development and on national and international criteria using algorithm for the selection process. The main aspects of the process of development and implementation of international technology strategies were considered. The authors prove that through the analysis of innovation systems at macro level decision about the priorities in optimization with the aim to improve regulations in science, technology and innovation is provided. The main techniques and decisions were considered based on foresight-studies. Authors propose to create informative and analytical system for the foresight aims.
Well-posedness and a general decay for a nonlinear damped porous thermoelastic system with second sound
Authors: Al-Gharabli Mohammad M. , Messaoudi Salim A.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional porous thermoelastic system with second sound and nonlinear feedback. We show the well-posedness, using the semigroup theory, and establish an explicit and general decay rate result, using some properties of convex functions and the multiplier method. Our result is obtained without imposing any restrictive growth assumption on the damping term.
Injectivity and weak*-to-weak continuity suffice for convergence rates in ℓ1-regularization
Authors: Flemming Jens , Gerth Daniel
Published: June 2017

We show that the convergence rate of

ℓ
1

{\ell^{1}}

-regularization for linear ill-posed equations is always

𝒪
⁢

(
δ
)

{{\mathcal{O}}(\delta)}

if the exact solution is sparse and if the considered operator is injective and weak*-to-weak continuous.
Under the same assumptions convergence rates in case of non-sparse solutions are proven.
The results base on the fact that certain source-type conditions used in the literature for proving convergence rates are automatically satisfied.
Task Reallocating for Responding to Design Change in Complex Product Design
Authors: Wei Meng , Yang Yu , Su Jiafu , Li Qiucheng , Liang Zhichao
Published: June 2017

In the real-world complex product design (CPD) process, task allocating is an ongoing reactive process where the presence of unexpected design change is usually inevitable. Therefore, reallocating is necessary to respond to design change positively as a procedure to repair the affected task plan. General reallocating literature addressed the reallocating versions with fixed executing time. In this paper, a multi-objective reallocation model is developed with a feasible assumption that the task executing time is controllable. To illustrate this idea, a compressing executing time strategy (CETS) is proposed in CPD process, where the executing time can be controlled with a non-linear compression cost. When design change occurs during the executing, task-resource reallocating is required to absorb the interference effects. Reallocating implies an increase in design cost and system instability; the proposed method CETS can address this issue effectively. CETS considers three objectives: completing time, stability, and change-adaptation cost. An adaptive multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm and tabu search (AMOGATS) is developed to solve this mathematical method. The computational results of specific simulation examples verify the superiority. It shows that CETS is sensitive to design change, and the proposed algorithm AMOGATS can be effective to achieve the allocating by coordinating the objective consistency.
Do They Still Matter? – Impact of Fossil Fuels on Electricity Prices in the Light of Increased Renewable Generation
Authors: Lips Johannes
Published: June 2017

During the last years, the German energy sector and especially its electricity market was affected by a major energy transition, the so called „Energiewende“. This transition led to an increase of electricity production from renewable sources and thereby affected the whole electricity market. Therefore, it provides lessons for countries, which are only beginning a similar transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The aim of this analysis is to assess if there still exists a relationship between fossil fuel and electricity prices. Due to possible structural breaks in the time series a minimum Lagrange Multiplier (LM) stationarity test is applied, which endogenously determines possible structural breaks. Subsequently a bootstrap approach is used to estimate confidence intervals (C.I.s) for the test statistic and the possible break dates. Furthermore, the stability of the cointegration vector is assessed with the test by Hansen and Johansen (
Hemi-slant submanifolds as warped products in a nearly Kaehler manifold
Authors: Khan Viqar Azam , Khan Kamran
Published: June 2017

The present article is devoted to the study of conditions on a hemi-slant submanifold of a nearly Kaehler manifold under which the submanifold is a warped product submanifold.
Convolutional over Recurrent Encoder for Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Dakwale Praveen , Monz Christof
Published: June 2017

Neural machine translation is a recently proposed approach which has shown competitive results to traditional MT approaches. Standard neural MT is an end-to-end neural network where the source sentence is encoded by a recurrent neural network (RNN) called encoder and the target words are predicted using another RNN known as decoder. Recently, various models have been proposed which replace the RNN encoder with a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this paper, we propose to augment the standard RNN encoder in NMT with additional convolutional layers in order to capture wider context in the encoder output. Experiments on English to German translation demonstrate that our approach can achieve significant improvements over a standard RNN-based baseline.
Comparative Human and Automatic Evaluation of Glass-Box and Black-Box Approaches to Interactive Translation Prediction
Authors: Torregrosa Daniel , Pérez-Ortiz Juan Antonio , Forcada Mikel L.
Published: June 2017

Interactive translation prediction (ITP) is a modality of computer-aided translation that assists professional translators by offering context-based computer-generated continuation suggestions as they type. While most state-of-the-art ITP systems follow a glass-box approach, meaning that they are tightly coupled to an adapted machine translation system, a black-box approach which does not need access to the inner workings of the bilingual resources used to generate the suggestions has been recently proposed in the literature: this new approach allows new sources of bilingual information to be included almost seamlessly. In this paper, we compare for the first time the glass-box and the black-box approaches by means of an automatic evaluation of translation tasks between related languages such as English–Spanish and unrelated ones such as Arabic–English and English–Chinese, showing that, with our setup, 20%–50% of keystrokes could be saved using either method and that the black-box approach outperformed the glass-box one in five out of six scenarios operating under similar conditions. We also performed a preliminary human evaluation of English to Spanish translation for both approaches. On average, the evaluators saved 10% keystrokes and were 4% faster with the black-box approach, and saved 15% keystrokes and were 12% slower with the glass-box one; but they could have saved 51% and 69% keystrokes respectively if they had used all the compatible suggestions. Users felt the suggestions helped them to translate faster and easier. All the tools used to perform the evaluation are available as free/open–source software.
Comparative Chemical Characterisation of Soils at Cypripedium Calceolus Sites in Latvia
Authors: Kļaviņa Dace , Osvalde Anita
Published: June 2017

The main aim of the study was to evaluate the soil chemical characteristics of Cypripedium calceolus sites in Latvia for understanding of the species ecology, and its conservation problems and possibilities. Soil for 27 C. calceolus sites in Latvia was analysed during 2007-2015. The concentration of plant available essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), soil pH, electrical conductivity and concentration of organic matter were determined. Nutrient concentration of C. calceolus leaf samples from six sites were determined. The results demonstrated high heterogeneity in soil chemical composition with high variation for Ca, Mg, and Mn. The results suggest some relationship between soil organic matter content and size of the orchid population. Soil pH and Ca concentration did not affect the size and vitality of C. calceolus populations in Latvia. There was no significant correlation between nutrient concentration in soil and C. calceolus leaves suggesting strong impact of other soil-related factors in determining the availability of nutrients. In general, the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in C. calceolus leaves were adequate or slightly decreased for successful orchid growth. The study showed deficiency of S, Cu, and B in the vast majority of leaf samples. C. calceolus sites in Latvia occur mainly on organic soils or mineral soils with high content of organic matter. There was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.21) observed only between total number of ramets of C. calceolus in site and Ca concentration in the soil, suggesting that soil properties are not a main factor affecting species abundance in the site.
Short note: Genetic diversity and differentiation in Ural populations of the aspen, Populus tremula L., as revealed by inter-simply sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
Authors: Svetlakova T. N. , Boronnikova S.V. , Yanbaev Yu. A.
Published: June 2017

Genetic diversity and differentiation of six Populus tremula L. populations in the Ural mountains (Russia) were investigated using ISSR-markers. Analyses revealed relatively high genetic diversity and significant (p = 0.985) genetic isolation by distance of foothill and plain cis-Ural populations in the zone of forests with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved tree species. The genetic drift may be a factor that lead to comparatively low genetic variability and genetic singularities of isolated small populations of the aspen in dark coniferous taiga of the Ural mountains.
Investigating the Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium for ten microsatellite loci of Araucaria angustifolia
Authors: Medina-Macedo L. , Lacerda Andre Eduardo Biscaia , Ribeiro J. Zanetti , Bittencourt J. V. M. , Sebbenn A. M.
Published: June 2017

Araucaria angustifolia is a dioecious and wind pollinated conifer that typically occurs in higher attitudes of Southern Brazil. After a significant reduction of its population during the twentieth century, public policies have enabled natural populations to recover. As new studies focus on the genetics of the species it is important to investigate Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium for the microsatellite loci developed for the species. Here we analyze ten microsatellite loci developed for A. angustifolia by genotyping 295 adult trees and 13 open pollinated progenies from a forest fragment in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The likelihood G-test shows a perfect 1:1 Mendelian segregation for all ten loci, indicating that these molecular markers are genetic markers. Significant genetic linkage between pairwise loci was detected in only 3% of the tests, suggesting that these loci are not located in the same linkage groups within the chromosomes. However, genotypic disequilibrium was detected in 51% of pairwise loci for adult trees, probably due to the strong spatial genetic structure of the population. Our results indicate that the ten loci analyzed can be used in studies on genetic diversity and structure, mating system, and gene flow of the species.
Morphological characterization and in vitro germination of heat-treated pollen in Eucommia ulmoides
Authors: Song S. , Tian J. , Li Y. , Shang F. , Kang X. , Wang J.
Published: June 2017

Polyploid breeding has the potential to increase the economic secondary metabolites of Eucommia ulmoides. However, pollination with induced ploidy-mixed pollen has failed to produce polyploids (GAO, 2006). In this investigation, the morphological characterization and in vitro germination of heat-induced ploidy-mixed pollen of E. ulmoides were analysed to determine why there is no polyploid production. Heat-treated pollen grains were easily distinguished as large and small according to their length. The large pollen grains were significantly longer than both untreated and heat-treated small samples, suggesting that they were probably 2n pollen. Rather than the three germinal pores in small pollen, the large grains typically had four pores and, in some cases, shallow furrows, which might affect their germination. Although the maximal germination rates of the treated small and large pollen were not significantly different, the large pollen germinated tardily during the early stages of incubation. The small pollen maintained its growth during the incubation, but the tube growth of large pollen almost stopped after 24 h incubation. Both vegetative and generative nuclei in the large pollen moved into tubes later than in small pollen and the frequency of mitosis in generative nuclei of large pollen was low. Therefore, the tardy germination, poor tube growth, and weak activity of both vegetative and generative nuclei probably caused the poor competition of large pollen in certation. Finally, techniques to increase the competition of highploidy pollen and the prospect of 2n female gamete induction in the polyploid breeding program of E. ulmoides are discussed.
Differences in the Movement Skills and Physical Qualities of Elite Senior and Academy Rugby League Players
Authors: Ireton Matthew R.E. , Till Kevin , Weaving Dan , Jones Ben
Published: June 2017

Ireton, MRE, Till, K, Weaving, D, and Jones, B. Differences in the movement skills and physical qualities of elite senior and academy rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1328–1338, 2019—The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the differences in the movement skills and physical qualities between academy and senior rugby league players and (b) the relationships between movement skills and physical qualities. Fifty-five male rugby league players (Senior, n = 18; Under 19 n = 23; Under 16, n = 14) undertook a physical testing battery, including anthropometric (stature and body mass), strength (isometric midthigh pull; IMTP), and power (countermovement jump; CMJ) qualities, alongside the athletic ability assessment (AAA; comprised of overhead squat, double lunge, single-leg Romanian deadlift, press-up, and pull-up exercises). Univariate analysis of variance demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) differences in body mass, IMTP peak force, CMJ mean power, and AAA movement skills between groups. The greatest observed differences for total movement skills, peak force, and mean power were identified between Under 16 and 19 academy age groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients demonstrated a significant moderate (r = 0.31) relationship between peak force and total movement skills. Furthermore, trivial (r = 0.01) and small (r = 0.13; r = 0.22) relationships were observed between power qualities and total movement skills. These findings highlight that both movement skills and physical qualities differentiate between academy age groups, and provides comparative data for English senior and academy rugby league players.
The Effects of Various Weighted Implements on Baseball Swing Kinematics in Collegiate Baseball Players
Authors: Williams Charles C. , Gdovin Jacob R. , Wilson Samuel J. , Cazas-Moreno Vanessa L. , Eason John D. , Hoke Elizabeth L. , Allen Charles R. , Wade Chip , Garner John C.
Published: June 2017

Williams, CC, Gdovin, JR, Wilson, SJ, Cazas-Moreno, VL, Eason, JD, Hoke, EL, Allen, CR, Wade, C, and Garner, JC. The effects of various weighted implements on baseball swing kinematics in collegiate baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1347–1353, 2019—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WU) devices on bat swing parameters including maximal resultant velocity (MRV), resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC), time difference between MRV and RVBC, bat angle at MRV, bat angle at RVBC, and perceptual differences of each WU implement used by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball players. Fifteen varsity baseball players completed 1 experimental session during fall training. Retroreflective markers were placed on the bat and tee to measure basic bat kinematics during the swing. Participants completed a general calisthenics WU before being counter-balanced into 1 of 4 WU conditions: standard bat (SB) (33 in/30 oz), fungo (10.6 oz), weighted gloves with SB (weighted gloves) (55.6 oz) and donut with SB (donut) (55.6 oz). Each participant was asked to perform their normal on-deck routine over a 2-minute period, finishing with 5 practice swings with the designated condition. After completion of the WU, a 1-minute rest period (simulating normal game conditions) was given to allow each participant to get set to perform 5 maximal swings with a SB. Five, 1 × 4 (group × condition) repeated measures analysis of variance examined the aforementioned variables. There were no significant differences in MRV, RVBC, time difference between MRV and RVBC, and bat angle at MRV and RVBC between all WU conditions. If presented with the current options, athletes should choose the WU implement with which they are most comfortable using before an at-bat situation.
Quantitative Analysis of Proximal and Distal Kinetic Chain Musculature During Dynamic Exercises
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Washington Jessica K. , Barfield Jeff W. , Gascon Sarah S. , Gilmer Gabrielle
Published: June 2017

Oliver, GD, Washington, JK, Barfield, JW, Gascon, SS, and Gilmer, G. Quantitative analysis of proximal and distal kinetic chain musculature during dynamic exercises. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1545–1553, 2018—Proximal to distal sequencing for the dynamic movement of throwing is dependent on the movement and stability of the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC) and scapula. Although the need for proximal stability for distal mobility has been vastly documented, pre-throwing programs tend to focus on the traditional rotator cuff activation exercises before long toss. Thus, it was the purpose of this study to describe muscle activations of LPHC stabilizing musculature (bilateral gluteus medius and maximus) and scapular stabilizing musculature (dominant side latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior) during 5 kinetic chain exercises that could be implemented in a throwing program. It was hypothesized that both the LPHC and the scapular stabilizing musculature would exhibit moderate to high activation during all the selected kinetic chain exercises. Nineteen healthy college students (23.2 ± 7.2 years; 176.7 ± 17.9 cm; 78.0 ± 28.6 kg) participated. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity in the LPHC and scapular stabilizing musculature during 5 kinetic chain exercises. A nonparametric Friedman test revealed significantly different muscle activations as a factor of exercise for each muscle, χ2(18) = 417.220, p < 0.001. The 5 kinetic chain exercises successfully elicited moderate to high muscle activation in all musculature, except the upper trapezius. Because greater muscle activation of the LPHC and scapular stabilizers are crucial during a throwing task, these exercises are recommended for pre-throwing program implementation because they efficiently prepare the stabilizing musculature for lengthy or strenuous throwing tasks, resulting in a potential decrease in injury susceptibility.