bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O TRABALHO EDUCATIVO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A CONSTITUIÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Wyzykowski Tamini , Dallagnol Frison Marli
Published: September 2021

O artigo socializa compreensões acerca das implicações da educação escolar no desenvolvimento da personalidade humana, e teve por objetivo compreender e discutir a constituição desta personalidade e as implicações do trabalho educativo para o seu desenvolvimento mais pleno. A investigação é de natureza qualitativa e foi realizada a partir da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), em respostas registradas em questionário e entrevista. Estão incluídos neste estudo de caso sete professores da Educação Básica. Os dados foram analisados com apoio no referencial teórico da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. Resultados apontam a apropriação de conhecimentos científico-escolares e as relações sociais como fatores determinantes na constituição da personalidade humana. O estudo destaca que, via trabalho educativo, é possível redirecionar e potencializar a constituição da personalidade humana, pois, assim, são favorecidos o processo de aprendizagens de conteúdos e o estabelecimento de interações sadias entre alunos e professores, mediadas por instrumentos e signos.
Genetics - Predisposition and Application to Primary Preventions of CAD
Authors: Roberts, M.D. MACC Robert , Fair, B.S. Jacques , Murphy, B.S. Danyael , Roberts, MA Alison MacKenna
Published: September 2021

The risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has been recognized to be approximately 50% due to genetic predisposition and the remainder due to lifestyle and acquired causes. The first genetic risk variant was discovered in 2007 and since that time over 200 genetic risk variants predisposing to CAD have been discovered. These risk variants have been encrypted on to a microarray in preparation for their evaluation as a means to predict one’s risk for CAD. The Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) derived from these variants provides a single number for the total genetic risk burden. The PRS has been evaluated in several studies, totaling over 1 million individuals. Individuals categorized as high genetic risk for CAD based on PRS stratification show 2-3 fold increase risk for cardiac events. Retrospective analysis of several clinical trials showed lowering plasma LDL cholesterol is associated with decreased genetic risk and the frequency of cardiac events. A prospective study showed a favorable lifestyle to be associated with 47% reduction in the high genetic risk group and a similar reduction of 50% from physical activity in another prospective study. The PRS unlike acquired factors is not age-dependent but determined at conception and does not change throughout one’s lifetime. The several ethical, legal, and social implications associated with the clinical use of a PRS for CAD is fully discussed. The routine clinical application of the PRS for early primary prevention of CAD has the potential to be a paradigm shift in the prevention of this pandemic disease.
Medical Cannabis in Palliative Psychiatry: Clinical Aspects of Affective Regulation and Legal Challenges
Authors: Val Bellman, , Megan Kiolbasa, , Manuel Vasquez Franjul, , Vaishalee Namdev, , Sarang Choi, , Sasank Isola,
Published: September 2021

Millions of Americans use cannabis for medical purposes including but not limited to pain, nausea, mood changes and appetite stimulation. The use of cannabinoid in the palliative care setting is a relatively new trend. Given the fact that a patient receiving palliative care is not necessarily approaching death, the increasing need for palliative care as the American population ages, this literature review was compiled in order to examine the potential efficacy of cannabis in treating the mental health comorbidities of palliative care patients. We attempted to create the most comprehensive report on cannabinoid use in palliative psychiatry. It summarizes the most recently published science on cannabinoid use in palliative care patients and its impact on mood and anxiety symptoms. The mechanism of action of cannabinoids on their associated receptors was elucidated, as were the pharmacological roles that specific molecules in cannabinoids, like cannabidiolic acid and terpenes, play in cannabinoids’ overall efficacy. The legal impediments to widespread cannabis use were also explored. While the potential efficacy of cannabinoids has proven to be mixed, more research is necessary to ensure that a potentially vital resource in treating palliative care patients does not go underutilized.
The Immunologic Role of Vitamins C and D and Their Potential in the Management of COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Antoine-Frank Chrystal D. , Seyni Boureima Rimanatou , Ellis Kaydeonne T. , R. Antoine Malcolm (Jr) , Shrestha Merina
Published: September 2021

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 causes COVID-19 infection. Vitamins C and D have been investigated for their effects on COVID-19 including the severity of it’s symptoms and complications. These vitamins may provide some benefits against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 as they modulate the immune system in addition to having anti-viral effects. This review will investigate the effects of vitamins C and D on COVID-19 infection to determine their benefits in the management of patients infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
Optional signs of the subjective part in crimes against life and health in russian legislation: psychological and criminological aspects
Authors: Prokhorova Marina Leonidovna , Silchenko Elena Vladimirovna , Elets Elena Anatolyevna , Ulitin Ilya Nikolaevich
Published: September 2021

Within the scope of the current research, the analysis of the psychological and criminological aspect of the optional signs of the subjective part in crimes against life and health has been conducted. Within the scope of the psychological and criminological features, stated patterns can be disclosed through the forming process of the criminal behavior mechanism.  Within the framework of the current research it has been established that individual determinant which can help to differentiate related elements of crime are common to each premeditated crime against life and health. Mental derangements, irritation, anti-social behavior, depreciation of the social relations, indifference to others and other negative emotional patterns are often common to the criminals committing premeditated crimes which are punishable under Chapter 16 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Discovered patterns can be useful for the development of new investigation techniques, for the prevention of the stated crimes and legislation improvement.
Media literacy: a necessity in basic and university education
Authors: Fuster-Guillén Doris , Moreno Bardales Helwis César , Loli Poma Telmo Pablo
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research is to explain the current trends and importance of media literacy in basic and university education, where the analysis, interpretation, understanding of the messages transmitted to us by various communication media is promoted, reading and interpreting them effectively and efficiently for optimal decision making. The research corresponds to the bibliographic review methodology. Different databases were used, these were: Scopus, Wos, Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, ResearchGate, RIDU (UPC Journals) and RevCom, researches from 2000 to 2020, forty were reviewed Research validated by the importance of the information, articles from different countries, English and Spanish languages were considered. The study concludes that media literacy is fundamental in basic and higher education who have the responsibility of providing media education or media education, in which media knowledge is inserted in students from the interpretation that they make of the information, necessary because they spend most of their time exposed to social networks and interacting with multiple media.
Creation of digital content in the oral production of english in the university higher education
Authors: Reyes Salazar Máximo Elías , Fuster-Guillén Doris , Capillo Chávez César Herminio , Gómez Gonzales Walter Edgar
Published: September 2021

The present research study was carried out to determine the influence that exists between the creation of digital content in the oral production of the English language in students of a public university with a high student population in Lima, Peru. The research is of a quantitative approach, substantive type with a non-experimental, descriptive correlational cross-sectional design in which instruments were applied to a representative sample of the study population made up of 134 students. This was followed by a pilot test with 30 students in order to determine the level of confidence of the instruments. To interpret the results, statistical descriptive analysis was used both in the creation of virtual contents and in the oral competence of the foreign language, after taking the forms in virtual media. The hypothesis testing resulted in the influence of the creation of digital content in the oral production of the English language, since after data processing in the statistical program Spss, a high direct and significant incidence between the variables resulted.
Cooperative learning in times of COVID-19
Authors: Trujillo Mariño Nancy , Alarcón Trillo Ana Yuli , Berrío-Quispe Margoth Luliana , Asencios Espejo Roger Wilfredo
Published: September 2021

In the context of the health emergency, due to COVID-19, teachers had to use digital competence, to adapt to remote or distance education, in such a way that some strategies could be developed in this new scenario that education faced, For this reason, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between critical thinking, creativity and cooperative learning in public management institutions at the Secondary level within this conjuncture. A correlational quantitative approach research was used, using a population of 207 students, from the statistical processing it was concluded that there is a relationship between the study variables, which contribute to interaction and the development of team activities.
Sociocultural interpretation of thought and language in infants from zero to two years old
Authors: Sánchez Aguirre Flor de María , Castañeda Alvarado Elva Luz , Cuéllar Juárez David Saúl , Toledo Quispe Patrik Manuel , Loayza Chácara Sonia María
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study was to describe the perception of thought and language in children from 0 to 2 years in two populations of students initial education of a Public Institution; the research paradigm was positivist, of a basic type, comparative descriptive design, the instrument used was the checklist subjected to validity and reliability, the results were that the students of the VIII semester (22 participants) of initial education were found in an Inadequate level with 14%, while 86% were found in the Regular level, none of the students of the VIII semester reached the Good level. In comparison with the students of the IX semester (34 participants) of initial education who were at an Inadequate level of 3%. Likewise, 44% were found in the Regular level and finally, 53% were located in the Good level in relation to the perception of thought and language in children from 0 to 2 years old that integrates the meaning of the word, the structure of thought - language and the function of thought and language.
Work climate and organizational commitment in the teachers of a private university in Huacho
Authors: Mosquera Torres Dino Fernando , Castro Santisteban Martín , Garcia Garcia Eddy Eugenio , Mory Chiparra William Eduardo
Published: September 2021

The present research aims to reveal the nexus between work environment and organizational commitment in a private university in Huacho in a province of Lima. A basic type research was carried out, descriptive correlational level, quantitative approach, non-experimental cross-sectional design. The sample estimated by probability sampling was made up of 130 teachers from a private university. Two adapted instruments were used to collect data, where the first was called the Workplace Climate Scale and the second the Organizational Commitment Scale. The results found showed that there is a significant relationship between the work environment and organizational commitment, as well as there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of self-realization, work involvement, supervision, communication with organizational commitment It was concluded that work should be done to increase organizational commitment followed by the work climate of teachers.
The hierarchical cluster in the segmentation of mathematics and communication learning achievements
Authors: Salvatierra Ángel , Luy-Montejo Carlos Augusto , Rengifo Lozano Raúl Alberto , Rivera-Zamudio July
Published: September 2021

This document is based on the analysis and behavior of the component: Products and Impacts of Peruvian education from the data housed in the educational body, the detection of clusters, it was thanks to the hierarchical cluster theory that aims to identify the percentage of students in the departments that make up the clusters. Due to the characteristics and analysis, the study is framed within the quantitative approach, of an exploratory descriptive study, and the data collection technique was thanks to the documentary analysis, the processes of the construction of the classification trees through the dendrogram reported by the software SPSS statistician, who detected groups made up of departments based on the percentages of students who achieve competencies in the areas of communication and mathematics. According to the results of the cluster, the percentages of students who have difficulty achieving the expected learning objectives are located in the departments of Huancavelica, Huánuco, Madre de Dios, Apurímac and San Martín, while the students with the highest percentage of achievements.
Effect of the "Common House" program on the ecological awareness of regular basic education students in Lima
Authors: Silva Chanta Santos Teolinda , Laucata Alarcón Percy Martín , Vivar-Bravo Carmen , Quispe Cutipa Walter Arturo
Published: September 2021

This research shows the benefits of applying the innovative program "Common House" that allows students to develop knowledge, attitudes and behaviors that demonstrate and consolidate a fraternal relationship with Sister Nature. Fourteen sessions were held in the experimental group and there was a control group that served to compare the impact of the program. The sample consisted of 50 high school students from an Educational Institution in Lima. To measure the level of ecological awareness, a Likert scale was created that was validated by expert judgment and reached a reliability of Cronbach's Alpha = .910. The results of the program were estimated by the non-parametric rank statistic of U Mann Whitney (p < α = 0.05). It is concluded that the “Common House” program is effective in developing levels of ecological awareness in secondary school students.
Bibliometric analysis of scientific production on academic writing: a study of the last 10 years
Authors: Postigo-Zumarán Julio E. , Nova Revilla Lorena Jessica , Zavala Alfaro Fanny Esperanza , Arias-Chávez Dennis
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study is to characterize the world scientific production on academic writing between the years 2011 to July 2021. A bibliometric study was carried out in five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic and Crossref). Bibliometric indicators were analyzed in 4117 articles through Publish or Perish v. 7.19 and the same analytical software of the chosen databases. The results indicate that the article entitled “Codemeshing in academic writing: Identifying teachable strategies of translanguaging” is the document with the highest number of citations; Montserrat Castelló Badía, the most cited author; Journal Of English For Academic Purposes stands out as the medium with the largest number of publications on the subject; and among the countries that concentrate the largest production on creative writing, the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Australia and Spain stand out. It is concluded that the rate of publications will increase in the following months, which means continuing to periodically carry out measurements on scientific production to determine the evolution and contributions of the scientific material produced.
Antibacterial and coagulant potential of vegetable extracts in the alternative treatment of greywater
Authors: Freitas Lucas Victor Pereira de , Santos Lucas David Rodrigues dos , Freitas Bruna Emanuely Pereira , Tiago João Paulo Fernandes , Braga Mônica Durães
Published: September 2021

The reuse of greywater (GW) from some domestic activities is considered a sustainable technique for water saving, however, GW have high turbidity and bacteriological load. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of extracts obtained from Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle in the alternative treatment of GW, aiming at reducing turbidity and bacteriological load.  For this, extracts obtained from epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and whole fruit were prepared from three extraction methods. Posteriorly, they were applied to GW samples, being monitored the turbidity and heterotrophic bacteria at different time intervals. All extracts showed coagulant and antibacterial properties, reducing turbidity (39-88%) and heterotrophic bacteria (66-93%) after 24 hours of treatment. Thus, the evaluated extracts become an alternative for use in GW reuse systems instead of synthetic chemical agents, presenting advantages such as biodegradability, ease of access, biodegradability and low toxicity of the sludge generated.
TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF DI LEMBAGA INISIATIF ZAKAT INDONESIA (IZI) KOTA PALU
Authors: D Yusuf , Marzuki  , Arief Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The potential for zakat if managed properly will encourage the progress and prosperity of Muslims. In practice, zakat must be given to the right person in accordance with the provisions of the Shari'a and can also be empowered productively so that it becomes a source of funds for the ummah, but generally zakat is mostly managed in a consumptive form and the management process has not been effective and efficient so that sometimes the goal of zakat has not been achieved. . The Indonesian Zakat Initiative (IZI), Central Sulawesi, shows that in its role as the Amil Zakat Institution in the city of Palu, it has tried its best in managing existing zakat. In each of its activities, the Central Sulawesi IZI is always based on regulations made by the government and makes its activities an effort to promote the welfare of the people. In the utilization of zakat funds, it is carried out with two distribution models, namely consumptive use or called charity and also a form of productive empowerment. Even so, it is undeniable that there are still shortcomings, especially in the supervision process
TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM PADA POLA JUAL BELI JAGUNG KUNING (STUDI KASUS DESA MALALA KABUPATEN TOLI-TOLI)
Authors: Nasrul  , Sapruddin  , Fadliah Mubakkirah
Published: September 2021

Malala Village is an area in Dondo sub-district, Tolitoli district, where some of the people earn income from farming. One of them is Corn. The results of the corn farming activity are then traded through collectors. In this corn trading system there is a difference in the bargaining position of each farmer, namely farmers who receive seed capital assistance from collectors get a lower bargaining position, in exchange they get groceries from collectors according to the agreement at the beginning of the agreement, while farmers without seed assistance from collectors get a normal bargaining position. Farmers who get a low bargaining position feel disadvantaged, but they continue to do so because they do not have seed capital. This buying and selling system has become a habit of the local community. According to researchers, the pattern of buying and selling corn in Malala Village is not in accordance with the true teachings of Islam. Even though there is a mutualism symbiosis here, there are still parties who feel disadvantaged. The pattern of buying and selling yellow maize in Malala Village is not in accordance with several principles of sharia economic law. Because the conditions in the cooperation agreement contract are not fulfilled and have the principle of honesty and state their claim to the principles of a taradin minkum and la tazhlimuna wa la tuzhlamun on the aspects of buying and selling patterns between farmers and collectors.
IMPLEMENTASI FATWA DSN MUI No:115/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 TERHADAP AKAD MUDHARABAH PADA TABUNGAN RENCANA IB DI BANK MEGA SYARIAH CABANG PALU
Authors: Lajamani Bahraeni , Ahmad Syafii  , Suhri Hanafi
Published: September 2021

This study is titled "Implementation of Fatwa DSN MUI No:115/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 against Mudharabah Agreement on Savings Plan at Bank Mega Syariah Palu Branch." The main issues are how mudharabah contract mechanism on iB plan savings at Bank Mega Syariah Palu Branch and how to Implement Fatwa No:115/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 against Mudharabah contract on Savings Plan at Bank Mega Syariah Palu Branch. The purpose of this research is to find out the Mechanism of Mudharabah agreement on iB savings plan at Bank Mega Syariah Palu Branch and how to Implement Fatwa DSN MUI No:115/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 against Mudharabah agreement on Savings Plan at Bank Mega Syariah Palu Branch.The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the mechanism of Akad mudharabah at Bank Mega Syariah is not entirely in accordance with the provisions of the fatwa DSN MUI this desebabes the problem among human resources and the difficulties faced in the field. Bank Mega Syariah requires qualified administrators and employees not only related to their cognitive abilities but also related to the competence of moral attitudes.
Effects of pepper extract in suckling lamb feed: growth performance, metabolism, and oxidative responses
Authors: de Oliveia Cécere Bruno Giorgio , Molosse Vitor Luiz , Deolindo Guilherme Luiz , Dazuk Vanessa , Silva Anielen Dutra , Schetinger Maria Rosa C. , Vedovatto Marcelo , Zotti Claiton A. , da Silva Aleksandro Schafer
Published: September 2021

Our objective was to determine whether the inclusion of pepper extract would improve health in suckling lambs, stimulating antioxidant activity, and improving performance. We used Lacaune lambs distributed in four treatments, with four repetitions per treatment and three lambs per repetition: control group (T0) and treatments T1, T2, and T3 that received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of pepper extract, respectively. Groups T1 and T2 consumed more significant amounts of silage than group T0, and animals from group T1 consumed more concentrate and, consequently, consumed more solids. The addition of pepper extract enhanced growth performance, with the lowest dose (T1) giving rise to the most significant weight gain, average daily gain, and body weight, compared to T0. Regression analysis showed that the optimum point for pepper extract supplementation was 301.5 mg/kg. The levels of total protein and globulins were significantly higher for animals supplemented with pepper extract (day 28) than the control; the concentrations of albumin and urea increased over time but did not differ significantly among treatments. Serum glucose levels decreased significantly over time; however, the groups supplemented with pepper extract showed higher concentrations than group T0. The hematocrit was significantly higher in groups fed pepper extract; hemoglobin concentrations were also more significant, increasing over time in both groups. The groups that consumed the pepper extract had higher leukocyte counts due to greater lymphocytes and neutrophils. Levels of non-protein thiols increased significantly over time, while lipid peroxidation levels decreased significantly in all groups. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species significantly decreased in the serum of group T3 animals, those fed with pepper extract (day 28), compared to the control. In general, the addition of pepper extract in lamb feed can enhance weight gain, increase antioxidant levels, and stimulate the production of leukocytes and globulins in lambs.
Do the differences in egg contamination, penetration, and resistance against microorganisms among the hen genotypes exist?
Authors: Kraus Adam , Zita Lukáš , Krunt Ondřej , Chodová Darina , Okrouhlá Monika , Krawczyk Józefa
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of genotype and storage conditions (temperature and time) on microbiological contamination and eggshell quality. There were four genotypes of laying hens used, Czech Golden Spotted (CGS), Greenleg Partridge (GP), White Leghorn (WL) and commercial hybrid (CH) hens were included. After collection, the eggs were divided equally into five groups according to the storage time (0, 14, 28 days) and temperature (5 and 20°C). The microbiological analysis included counting of colonies forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli (EC), Enterococcus (ENT) and total number of microorganisms (TNM) on eggshell surface, eggshell membranes and in thin albumen. The analysis of eggshell quality included the determination of eggshell proportion (SP), thickness (ST), strength (SST), index (SI) and surface (SS). Moreover, egg weight (EW) and egg weight loss (EWL) were determined. The significant effect of genotype was found in contamination of eggshell by EC, ENT and TNM, eggshell membranes by TNM and albumen by EC (all P≤0.05). The significantly lowest contamination of eggshell from EC was in eggs from the WL hens (4.42 log CFU/eggshell), while from ENT was in eggs from the CGS hens (1.22 log CFU/eggshell) and from the WL hens (1.40 log CFU/eggshell). The lowest incidence of TNM was also detected in eggs from the WL hens (5.03 log CFU/eggshell). Statistically the lowest contamination of eggshell membranes by TNM was found in eggs from the WL (0.12 log CFU/eggshell membranes) and CH hens (0.15 log CFU/eggshell membranes). Regarding the effect of genotype, the GP (not detected) and WL (not detected) hens had eggs with statistically the lowest occurrence of EC bacteria in albumen. Regarding the EW and eggshell quality, all the parameters were significantly affected by the genotype (P≤0.0001). Also EWL was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by genotype (after 14, 21 and 28 days of storage). There were found to be significant differences of microbial contamination of egg surface among observed hen genotypes. The penetration of selected microorganisms was also significant in contamination of eggshell membranes by TNM and in contamination of albumen by EC.
Genome-wise engineering of ruminant nutrition – nutrigenomics: applications, challenges, and future perspectives – A review
Authors: Kizilaslan Mehmet , Arzik Yunus , Cinar Mehmet Ulas , Konca Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Use of genomic information in ruminant production systems can help alleviating concerns related to food security and sustainability of production. Nutritional genomics (i.e., nutrigenomics) is the field of research that is interested in all types of reciprocal interactions between nutrients and the genomes of organisms, i.e., variable patterns of gene expression and effect of genetic variations on the nutritional environment. Devising a revolutionary analytical approach to the traditional ruminant nutrition research, the relatively novel area of ruminant nutrigenomics has several studies concerning different aspects of animal production systems. This paper aims to review the current nutrigenomics research in the frame of how nutrition of ruminants can be modified accounting for individual genetic backgrounds and gene/diet relationships behind productivity, quality, efficiency, disease resistance, fertility, and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, current challenges facing ruminant nutrigenomics are evaluated and future directions for the novel area are strongly argued by this review.
Dietary strategies to enrich milk with healthy fatty acids – A review
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E. , Olafadehan Olurotimi A.
Published: September 2021

Feed is the main factor impacting the composition and quality of milk of dairy animals. Therefore, the present review explores the effects of feed and nutrition on milk fat content and levels of healthy fatty acids (FA) in milk consumed by humans. Milk and dairy products are two main sources of healthy and unhealthy FA in human nutrition. The concentrations of FA in milk depend mainly on diets; therefore, milk FA concentrations and ratios can be greatly altered by some feeding strategies. Dietary supplementation of the diets of dairy livestock with vegetable seeds or oils, microalgae and phytogenic feed additives, and feeding of some grasses can enhance the contents of healthy FA, including n-3 FA, α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and, generally, unsaturated FA in milk and dairy products. Enrichment of milk with healthy FA may make milk a source of anticarcinogens (CLA and polyphenols) for human health. This review, therefore, focusses on the current research findings on enrichment of milk with healthy FA and summarizes some effective supplementation strategies to alter milk FA profile.
The effect of ruminal fluid pH on milk fatty acids composition in cattle
Authors: Komisarek Jolanta , Stefańska Barbara , Nowak Włodzimierz
Published: September 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ruminal fluid pH on the fatty acids (FA) profile of bovine milk. The experiment was performed on 250 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows reared in 11 commercial high-yielding dairy farms. Ruminal fluid samples were collected by rumenocentesis, and fat and FA concentrations in milk were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to ruminal fluid pH, cows were categorized into three pH groups: high pH (pH > 5.8), moderate pH (pH 5.8–5.6), and low pH (pH < 5.6). Milk produced by low-rumen pH cows had a decreased fat content as compared to milk from moderate- and high-rumen pH cows (P≤0.05). Moreover, milk from low-rumen pH cows was characterized by the lowest level of short-chain FA (SCFA; P≤0.05), and consequently, the highest medium-chain FA to SCFA ratio (P≤0.01). The regression analysis showed that these traits explained a small proportion of rumen pH variance, which makes them unreliable indicators of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows. However, despite the extensive variability in milk fat composition observed in this study, the effect of ruminal pH on SCFA in all the analyzed herds showed the same trend. Future research aimed to identify SARA biomarkers should therefore be conducted using techniques that allow detection of more individual FA in milk, including SCFA.
Influence of brief immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and/or copper sulphate on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) blood parameters
Authors: Rożyński Maciej , Sikora Agnieszka , Demska-Zakęś Krystyna , Zakęś Zdzisław
Published: September 2021

Research focusing on the effects of chemotherapeutics on the physiological state of fish determines their application in aquaculture. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) and/or copper sulphate (CuSO4) on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (body weight – 346.42 ± 44.82 g; body length – 29.8 ± 1.3 cm) during rearing in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Three groups of fish were subjected to treatment with NaCl (5 g/L), CuSO4 (1.5 mg/L), and NaCl+CuSO4 (5 g/L + 1.5 mg/L). Blood was drawn 0, 24 and 48 h following immersion. Significant differences were noted immediately following the conclusion of immersion: mean corpuscular volume (MCV; elevated values in the NaCl+CuSO4 group) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; elevated values in the NaCl group). Immediately following fish exposure in all three experimental groups (0 h), significantly elevated glucose and lactic acid levels were recorded as were lowered levels of chloride ions (Cl-). After 24 and 48 h, significant differences were observed in Cl-. In the NaCl group lowered levels of this parameter were sustained after 48 h, while in the other two groups this was sustained for 24 h. It was confirmed that the physiological impact on the pikeperch of the prophylactic bath in sodium chloride and/or copper sulphate was short and that the treatments did not have a significant impact on the health condition of pikeperch.
Dietary silymarin, Silybum marianum extract ameliorates cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Al-Shawi Sarmad Ghazi , Yousif Asraa Yacoob , Al-Younis Zena Kadhim , Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich , Zekiy Angelina Olegovna , Naserabad Saeid Shahbazi
Published: September 2021

The present study evaluated the protective effects of silymarin extract (SIE) on cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four experimental groups were considered for the experiment including: SIE0 (control): non-SIE-supplemented fish, SIE1: fish supplemented with 400 mg SIE/kg diet, SIE2: fish supplemented with 1400 mg SIE/kg diet, SIE3: fish supplemented with 2400 mg SIE/kg diet. Fish were fed experimental diet for 60 days and then exposed to cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/l or 25% of LC50-96 h) and antioxidant defense components and the survival rate assayed. After 60 days feeding trial, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels significantly increased (P<0.01) in 1400–2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatments compared to those in control and 400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) (P>0.01) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels (P>0.01) remained unchanged during the feeding period in all treatments. Hepatic catalase (CAT) in all SIE supplemented groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in 1400–2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatments significantly elevated (P<0.01) in response to SIE. Plasma levels of hepatic metabolic enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] remained unchanged (P>0.01) in all experimental groups over feeding period. After exposure to cadmium chloride, TAC levels were significantly elevated (P<0.01) in all experimental groups. In control and 400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment, TAC showed lower levels (P<0.01) compared to other groups. MDA levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in control and fish supplemented with 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. TAC in the fish of 2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment remained unchanged (P>0.01), following the exposure. CAT (P<0.01), SOD (P<0.01) and GPx (P<0.01) were significantly elevated in response to cadmium chloride in all groups. However, the treatments, 1400 and 2400 mg SIE/kg diet, showed lower increases (P<0.01) of enzymes. AChE activity (P<0.01) in the liver were significantly decreased in control and fish fed 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. Exposure to cadmium significantly increased (P<0.01) the plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in control and those fed 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. The findings of the current study indicated that SIE at a rate of 1400–2400mg/kg diet might enhance antioxidant defense and protect hepatocytes against toxic effects of cadmium.
A blend of herbal essential oils enhanced the growth performance, blood bio-immunology traits, and intestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Magouz Fawzy I. , Shehab El-Din Mohammed T. , Amer Asem A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S. , El-Dahdoh Wafaa A. , Dawood Mahmoud A.O.
Published: September 2021

Nile tilapia were fed four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ml/kg) of a liquid blend of herbal essential oils (EOs) containing carvacrol, oregano, 1,8 cineol, thymol, pinene, pinene β, limonene, and propylene glycol for 60 days. The results showed higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (P<0.05) in fish delivered 0.25 and 0.5 ml EOs/kg than the control. However, the feed conversion ratio was markedly reduced in fish fed 0.5 and 1 ml EOs/kg (P<0.05). Lipase showed enhanced activity in fish subjected to a blend of EOs, while fish fed 0.5 ml/kg of EOs blend had higher amylase activity (P<0.05) than the other levels. Lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase showed a higher value in fish that received 0.5 ml EOs/kg. Additionally, phagocytic and catalase activities were enhanced in fish that received 0.5 and 1 ml/kg while phagocytic index was enhanced in fish fed 1 ml/kg (P<0.05). Interestingly, the total immunoglobulin level was markedly higher, while malondialdehyde was lower in EOs-subjected fish (P<0.05) than in control. The histomorphology appearance of the intestine, liver, and spleen was enriched in EOs-treated fish compared to the control fish. In conclusion, the growth performance, feed efficiency, and blood bio-immunological indices were best in fish fed 0.5–1 ml of EOs blend per kg.
Relationship between polymorphism within Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 gene (PGLYRP1) and somatic cell counts in milk of Holstein cows
Authors: Zabolewicz Tadeusz , Puckowska Paulina , Brym Paweł , Oleński Kamil , Kamiński Stanisław
Published: September 2021

Bovine peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLY RP1) is an important receptor that binds to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria and is, therefore, involved in innate immunity. The SNP T>C rs68268284 located in the 1st exon of the PGLYRP1 gene was identified by the PCR-RFLP method in a population of 319 Holstein cows. Somatic cell count (SC) was measured 7–10 times in each of three completed lactations to investigate whether the PGLYRP1 polymorphism is associated with SC. Using the GLM model, it was found that cows with the TT genotype showed significantly lower somatic cell counts than those with the CC genotype during the first lactation (P = 0.023). Moreover, during lactations 1–2 and 1–3, cows with the TT genotype reveal significantly lower SCC than CT heterozygotes, at P = 0.025 and P = 0.006, respectively. Computer-aided analysis showed that rs68268284 polymorphism could modify the PGLY RP1 functions because the mutated residue is located in a domain that is important for the binding of other molecules.
Evaluation of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology and gut microbiota of Black Sea salmon, Salmo labrax
Authors: Özel Osman Tolga , Çakmak Eyüp , Gürkan Selin Ertürk , Coskun İsa , Türe Mustafa
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (EO) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histomorphology, and intestinal microbiota of the Black Sea salmon juvenile (Salmo labrax). Fish were fed diets different levels of oregano EO such as 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg−1. For this purpose, a total of 675 fish were distributed randomly in triplicate into 5 experiment groups in 15 experiment tanks. Fish with average initial weights of 3.52±0.01 g were fed by hand at 3% of live weight for 90 days. At the end of the study, feeding with oregano EO supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of fish. Except for pepsin, there were no significant differences in the activity of digestive enzymes among the control and oregano EO groups. Besides, oregano EO at the doses of 50 or 400 mg kg−1 may have the potential to increase the surface area required for digestion by increasing intestinal villi length. Moreover, all doses of oregano EO showed antimicrobial properties by decreasing the count of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. Supplementation with 100 and 200 mg kg−1 oregano EO in diets decreased the total coliform, Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria counts when compared to the control group. The results showed that oregano EO may positively affect digestion and absorption without adverse effects on the growth performance of Black Sea salmon juvenile.
Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens
Authors: Kierończyk Bartosz , Rawski Mateusz , Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Leciejewska Natalia , Józefiak Damian
Published: September 2021

The present study investigated the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (BSFL) fat, derived using supercritical CO2 extraction and added to broiler chickens’ diets as a partial (50%) or total replacement for commonly used soybean oil, on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial population, its activity, and selected physiological and immune traits. A total of 576 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 16 replicates each. The following treatments were applied: SO – 100% soybean oil, BSFL50 – a mixture of BSFL and soybean oils in a 50:50 ratio, and BSFL100 – 100% BSFL fat. Digesta samples from the crop, jejunum and caeca were collected for further analyses, i.e., pH measurements, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Additionally, the selected plasma biochemical parameters and immunological traits were assessed. In general, the implementation of BSFL fat in broilers’ diets resulted in increased proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the crop, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides–Prevotella cluster, and Clostridium perfringens. Furthermore, BSFL100 enhanced microbial activity via total SCFA production and lowered the pH in this segment. However, no detrimental effects were observed in terms of other GIT segments, i.e., the jejunal and cecal microecosystems. The strongest impact on reduction of select components of the microbial population in the cecum was observed with the BSFL50 treatment for potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides–Prevotella cluster, while commensal populations were also limited, i.e., Bacillus spp., C. leptum subgroup, and C. coccoides–Eubacterium rectale cluster. Additionally, BSFL100 reduced the cholesterol concentration in the blood, while both experimental treatments decreased the ALT level. In conclusion, due to the insufficient release of lauric acid from the BSFL fat in the crop, an adverse shift in the microbiota can be noted. However, a positive suppressive effect on the select components of the cecal microbiota, as well as improvement of liver health suggests implying the BSFL fat in broiler nutrition.
The First Insight Into Full-Fat Superworm (Zophobas morio) Meal in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Diets: A Study on Multiple-Choice Feeding Preferences and Growth Performance
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Rawski Mateusz , Homska Natalia , Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Kierończyk Bartosz , Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Wachowiak Roksana , Hetmańczyk Katarzyna , Mazurkiewicz Jan
Published: September 2021

Insect meals are sustainable alternative protein sources in animal nutrition. However, the data on their application in petfood and ornamental fish nutrition are scarce. Thus the present study was undertaken to assess their usability in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) diets. The first experiment aimed to investigate the attractiveness of select insect meals for guppies, and the second evaluated superworm (Zophobas morio) meal monodiet effects. The first experiment (free-choice feeding test) lasted five days. Fish were given a choice between four attractants: fish meal, black soldier fly (Hermetia illuces) meal (HI), Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal (MC), and superworm (Zophobas morio) meal (ZM). The preliminary part of the study showed that the most frequently chosen attractant throughout the entire free-choice feeding test period was ZM. Based on the obtained results, the second part of the study was designed as a growth test with the use of a ZM monodiet compared to commercial feed. The experiment lasted 90 days, and 150 guppy fry were used. The fish were randomly divided into two groups (CON – commercial feed, ZM – Zophobas morio meal). No effects of dietary treatment were found in terms of survival rate, fish body length, or fish body length gain. The present study shows that ZM was the most preferred attractant and that a monodiet based on insect meal can be successfully applied in guppy fry nutrition.
Correlations between first order echotextural characteristics and chemical composition of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens receiving different dietary fat supplements
Authors: Ahmadi Bahareh , Jamieson Mark , Ahmadi Behnaz , Połtowicz Katarzyna , Nowak Joanna , Murawski Maciej , Małopolska Martyna , Schwarz Tomasz , Bartlewski Pawel M.
Published: September 2021

This study examined the quantitative relationships among ultrasonographic image attributes and chemical composition of the pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens that received four different dietary fat supplements (Group SO: soybean oil; Group FO: flaxseed oil; Group SO+FO: soybean oil+flaxseed oil; and Group BT: beef tallow; n=10 birds/group). Ultrasonograms of birds’ pectoral muscles, in a transverse (T) and longitudinal (L) plane, were obtained just before slaughter at 6 weeks of age and were subjected to digital image analyses to determine mean pixel intensity (MPI) and pixel heterogeneity values (standard deviation of numerical pixel values; MPH; a.k.a first order echotextural characteristics). Thirty-eight chemical characteristics of the muscles were determined post-mortem (crude fat, protein, and dry matter as well as fatty acid profiles) and were analyzed for correlations with the echotextural variables. A total of 12 (L-MPI: 7; L-MPH: 4; and T-MPH: 1 correlation), 5 (L-MPI: 2; L-MPH: 2; and T-MPI: 1 correlation), 15 (L-MPI: 10; T-MPI: 4; and T-MPH: 1 correlation) and 8 (L-MPI: 2; L-MPH: 1; and T-MPH: 5 correlations) significant correlations were recorded in Groups SO, FO, SO+FO and BT, respectively. When the data were pooled for all 40 birds studied, significant correlations with echotextural attributes were recorded for eighteen different chemical constituents, with the strongest overall correlation found between crude fat content and T-MPI (r=0.52, P=0.0005). In conclusion, there exists a potential application for ultrasonographic imaging in situ combined with computerized image analysis to estimate certain chemical constituents of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens. However, the existence and strength of correlations among ultrasonographic image attributes and muscle composition are affected by the source of dietary fat and relative abundance (“threshold concentrations”) of individual chemical components.
A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Urban Spaces
Authors: Nia Hourakhsh Ahmad
Published: September 2021

COVID-19, evidently the world’s worst pandemic during the last two centuries, has predicated several challenges for urban designers, especially in their bid to find appropriate designing strategies. Even though there are umpteenth studies in the literature that have focused on the different aspects of COVID-19 related pandemics, very scant studies sought to find appropriate mitigating strategies in designing pandemic friendly urban spaces. Thus, through qualitative grounded theory as a main methodological approach, this study hypothesized that the COVID-19 induced pandemic has direct effects on the liveability of public spaces. Accordingly, by developing a comprehensive review of the literature on the environmental and socio-economic effects of the pandemic, this study proposed a comprehensive framework for understanding its side effects and a comprehensive mitigating strategy to deal with it in the short and long term of designing a healthy urban environment.