bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum atas Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional dan Eksistensi Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kampung Pitu
Authors: Isdiyanto Ilham Yuli , Putranti Deslaely
Published: August 2021

Masyarakat Kampung Pitu masih memegang tradisi dan budaya asal usulnya hingga sekarang, bahkan jumlah Kepala Keluarga yang tidak boleh lebih dari 7 (tujuh) juga masih bertahan hingga sekarang. Sebagai masyarakat tradisional yang khas, masyarakat Kampung Pitu memiliki berbagai macam bentuk Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (EBT) yang disisi lain hal ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius oleh pemerintah. Regulasi di Indonesia mengatur perlindungan EBT melalui UU No. 28/2014 tentang Hak Cipta, sehingga dapat menjadi perlindungan EBT masyarakat Kampung Pitu agar tetap lestari. Penelitian ini menjadi sangat penting karena tidak banyak masyarakat tradisional yang mempertahankan hak asal-usulnya di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan pengumpulan data baik primer maupun sekunder yang diperoleh secara daring serta analisa deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasilnya, masyarakat Kampung Pitu dapat dikategorikan sebagai Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang memiliki hak identitas dan tradisional atas asal-usulnya sehingga harus dilindungi dalam pelestariannya. Walaupun tidak ada regulasi ataupun penetapan dari tingkat Pusat sampai Daerah terkait Kampung Pitu, namun Kampung Pitu sudah ditetapkan sebagai Warisan Budaya Takbenda sehingga menjadi dasar perlindungan.
Gagasan Penggunaan Metode Omnibus Law dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Purnamasari Andi Intan
Published: August 2021

Omnibus law menjadi perdebatan dikalangan masyarakat sejak pemerintah mencanangkan menggunakannya dalam pembentukan undang – undang, pro dan kontra hadir dikarenakan metode Omnibus law cenderung digunakan oleh negara yang bermatra common law sistem. Namun, kehadiran Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja menjadi jawaban bahwa metode ini juga kontekstual dan relevan untuk digunakan pada civil law sistem. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk menjawab (a) Omnibus law Dalam pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan; (b) Hakekat Peraturan Daerah; (c) Penggunaan Metode Omnibus law dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui, memahami, dan menganalisa Omnibus law Dalam pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, hakekat Peraturan Daerah, dan merumuskan Penggunaan Metode Omnibus law dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan metode Omnibus law dapat diimplementasikan terhadap subtansi materi muatan Peraturan Daerah yang ketentuan pembentukannya didasarkan atas pelaksanaan undang-undang yang juga dibentuk melalui metode Omnibus law.
Kebijakan Nonpenal dalam Rangka Upaya Preventif Anak sebagai Korban Kekerasan Fisik dan Psikis di Sekolah
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Simatupang Nursariani
Published: August 2021

Problematika kekerasan terhadap anak sering terjadi di sekolah, terdapat faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan anak menerima perlakuan berupa kekerasan fisik maupun psikis disekolah sehingga akan diurai berbagai kebijakan non-penal yang dapat diterapkan untuk meminimalisir permasalahan itu. Di sekolah anak sering menjadi objek kekerasan fisik dan psikis, terutama di saat anak melalaikan kewajibannya, atau tidak mematuhi aturan yang ditetapkan di sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu yuridis normatif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menjawab permasalahan kekerasan terhadap anak yang terjadi di sekolah dengan perspektif hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa faktor yang menyebabkan anak menjadi korban kekerasan fisik dan psikis di sekolah dikarenakan anak melakukan kesalahan atau pelanggaran disiplin. Kekerasan dianggap oleh guru sebagai tindakan pendisiplinan anak didik serta mampu menjadikan anak didik yang melakukan pelanggaran disiplin atau kesalahan menyadari kesalahan yang telah dilakukannya dan tidak mengulangi lagi perbuatannya, serta dimaksudkan agar anak didik yang lain, tidak mengikuti melakukan perbuatan yang sama. Rekomendasi dari permasalahan itu, agar berbagai sekolah melakukan langkah preventif terhadap potensi kekerasan pada anak dengan melakukan edukasi kepada guru dan peserta didik.
Nomenclatural standards, voucher specimens and genetic passports of potato cultivars created in the Siberian and Ural breeding centers
Authors: Fomina N. A. , Antonova O. Yu. , Chukhina I. G. , Rybakov D. A. , Safonova A. D. , Meleshin A. A. , Gavrilenko T. A.
Published: August 2021

The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.
Healthcare Professionals and Telehealth Usability During COVID-19
Authors: Xu Jing , Hamadi Hanadi , Hicks-Roof Kristen , Zeglin Robert , Bailey Chloe , Zhao Mei
Published: August 2021

Objective: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many other health providers needed to rapidly adopt telehealth services to ensure continuity of patient care, without the opportunity to extensively evaluate the usability of the adopted technology. Therefore, this study aims to examine health professionals’ telehealth usability during COVID-19 in Florida.

Design: This cross-sectional study employed the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) to licensed healthcare providers in Florida in June 2020.

Setting and Participants: A total of 399,660 selected health professionals with Florida licensure were recruited from open-access Florida healthcare to participate in a Qualtrics web-based survey. A total of 1868 health professionals completed the survey. Multiple linear and mixed regression models were applied to analyze the overall and subdomain scores from TUQ.

Main outcome measures: Telehealth Usability.

Results: The analysis of overall TUQ score showed younger, female healthcare professionals, and participants who reported an increase of telehealth usage during pandemic had a significantly higher overall TUQ score. Compared with the score from physicians and nurses, the scores from the mental health group and social work group were significantly higher, while the score rehabilitation group was significantly lower. Analysis of the subdomain scores were consistent with the overall scores.

Conclusion:  The findings from this study indicate that the health professionals’ telehealth usability is related to age, gender, and the change of telehealth usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. While pandemics represent only one possible impetus for the healthcare system to swiftly switch to telehealth platforms, each profession should consider providing adequate resources to accommodate the need for change.
Reducing Unnecessary Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Bronchitis Using Virtual Primary Care
Authors: McCune David , Pellegrin James , Sachdeva Anshul , Cham Roxana , Sollaccio Jessica , Giramahoro Coyne Sandra , Stewart Mark
Published: August 2021

Objective: Reducing antibiotic overuse is a point of emphasis of the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention (CDC). Despite this, both telemedicine and traditional in-person

medical care struggle to meet national guidelines. This study evaluates antibiotic

prescribing practices at 98point6, a Seattle-based provider of virtual primary care. This

paper reviews a novel combination of machine learning with a physician-led virtual

platform and smartphone interface to exceed published benchmarks for the avoidance

of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis.

 

Design: This retrospective cohort study looks at patients ages 18–64 who presented to

98point6 with “acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis” diagnosed between December 1, 2019

and November 30, 2020. Visits were categorized by whether systemic antibiotics were

or were not given. Cases in which systemic antibiotics were given were categorized as

“broad spectrum” or “narrow spectrum”. The results are presented as descriptive

statistics with demographic information and compared to published reports of

antibiotic use for the treatment of bronchitis.

 

Results: Of the 1,238 visits with a bronchitis/bronchiolitis diagnosis, 99 (8.0%) were

treated with prescribed systemic antibiotics. The rate of antibiotic avoidance of 92.0%

compares favorably with published benchmarks from the National Committee for

Quality Assurance and is significantly lower than rates in previously published samples

for telemedicine, primary care and urgent care.

 

Conclusion: Virtual primary care administered by 98point6 resulted in a high rate of

adherence to the established standard for the treatment of bronchitis, greatly exceeding

benchmarks and published results from both telemedicine and in-person medical

practice.
Fabrication of porous ceramics based on Ca3(PO4)2 using photocured emulsions
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tikhonova S. A. , Evdokimov P. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry (IGIC), RAS, Prosvirnin D. V. ,   A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (IMET RAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Putlyaev V. I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: August 2021

The fabrication method of macroporous ceramics based on Ca3(PO4)2 from photocured water-oil emulsions has been proposed. The conditions for obtaining porous ceramic structures with a pre-determined pore size in the range of 2—50 μm and their volume of more than 56% were determined. The main problems of this method are discussed, and the solution methods are proposed. The strength characteristics of the created porous ceramic structures are described.
Antioxidant and antifungal activities of Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. (Moraceae), Allanblackia gabonensis Pellegr. (Clusiaceae) and three other Cameroonian medicinal plants
Authors: Fankam Aimé G. , Atsafack Serge S. , Njateng Guy S. S. , Kuiate Jules R.
Published: August 2021

Background: Biological activities of medicinal plants make them attractive alternative complementary medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the methanol extract of Myrianthus arboreus, Allanblackia gabonensis, Gladiolus quartinianus, Peperomia fernandopoiana and Vepris soyauxii. Methods: Total phenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid contents (FC) were evaluated using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power assays. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the broth micro-dilution method. Results: TPC of extracts ranging from 67.89 to 196.01 mgGAE/g TPC were very higher in P. fernandopoiana whole plant (PFW) extract (196.01±10.25 mgGAE/g) and MAL (165.71±10.68 mgGAE/g) whereas the A. gabonensis fruit extract (AGF) and M. arboreus bark extract (MAB) had the highest flavonoid content (66.54 ± 2.12 and 48.13 ± 1.65 mgEC/g of extract, respectively). Apart from M. arboreus leave extract (MAL), all extracts showed important DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 < 20 μg/mL). AGFl and PFW exhibited significant ferric reducing power compared to ascorbic acid and other extracts (P<0.05). Each of the tested extracts showed antifungal activity against atleast one of the five pathogenic fungi, with MICs ranging from 128 to 1024 µg/mL. MAL was active on all the tested fungi whereas MAB showed the highest antifungal activity (MIC=128 µg/mL). Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the evidence that the methanol extracts of the leave and bark of Myrianthus arboreus could be an alternative to fight against oxidative stresses and infections due to opportunistic yeast pathogens. Keywords: Oxidative stress; fungal infection; medicinal plant; antioxidant activity; antifungal activity.
PRODUCT TESTING STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS BIOTECHNOLOGY FEED: PAPER
Authors: Munadi Laode Muh.
Published: August 2021

Increasing nutrition improvement in food-prone communities, poor household access to food, increased rice self-sufficiency, maintaining food prices for lower middle class communities, maintaining farmers' exchange rates, and increasing commodity bargaining power, comparative advantage of the agricultural sector is a noble goal that must be realized by the government towards a prosperous society. The tendency to increase animal protein needs is positively correlated with an increase in the number of livestock production needs. Thus, it stimulates the increase of livestock population, which certainly increases the need for feed.
Komunikasi Penggembalaan
Authors: Sumarto Yonatan
Published: August 2021

Shepherding is not in the form of ministry but how we convey the content of the gospel to the congregation well. It is clear that in the delivery of the gospel requires a good communication skills. But in the pastoring of public communication does not solve the solution.Hence, shepherding communication aims to develop and foster awareness of good communication as a vital tool that determines the success of an authoritative shepherd, who is respected, loved and cherished by the congregation for being able to create a good atmosphere between himself as a servant of God with church members as God's people and society at large in the ministry.Pastoral communication is anything to do with pastoral methods and approaches to create mutual understanding between shepherd and congregation members as well as among members of the congregation with pastors within the scope of the local church service.The importance of improving communication in shepherding is not only necessary for the underprivileged, but talking about pastoral communication means talking about a skill for someone to convey a message. So pastoral communication is required by every pastor, elder and other minister of God who is fluent or not equipped to be equipped with the ability to convey messages.
Intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento para la reducción del consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo.
Authors: Ortiz-Muñoz Luis E. , Fredes Carolina , Rojas-Sobarzo Loreto , Daza Alejandra Parada , Duarte-Anselmi Giuliano , Suelves Josep M. , Ruiz Manual Armayones
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN: A nivel mundial, se estima que más del 20% de las mujeres embarazadas consumen alcohol. La investigación actual sugiere que la ingesta de alcohol durante el embarazo pone en riesgo al recién nacido de sufrir discapacidades cognitivas y del desarrollo graves de por vida. Las intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento pueden ayudar a las mujeres a reducir su consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este análisis crítico es comprobar la validez y aplicabilidad de los resultados con respecto a la efectividad de intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento para reducir el consumo de alcohol en mujeres embarazadas, y responder a la interrogante: ¿Son efectivas las intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento en la reducción del consumo de alcohol en mujeres embarazadas?. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de evidencia proveniente de revisiones sistemáticas, sobre Intervenciones de cambio de comportamiento para la reducción del consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo. Se especificó para cada revisión los componentes PICO de la pregunta y, del listado de revisiones relevantes, se seleccionó la que pudiese responder mejor a la pregunta. RESULTADOS: Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas y dos revisiones panorámicas. Se analizó críticamente el artículo “Identifying effective behavior change techniques for alcohol and illicit substance use during pregnancy: a systematic review.” CONCLUSIÓN: Existe evidencia para decir que algunas técnicas de cambio de comportamiento podrían ser útiles para lograr la reducción del consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo. Sin embargo, estos resultados se deben tomar con precaución dado algunas limitaciones metodológicas en la evidencia disponible.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MUSYAWARAH PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA KULO
Authors: ARISANDI RINDY
Published: August 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan pemerintah desa untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan di Desa Kulo Kecamatan Kulo Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Hambatan dan keterlambatan pembangunan desa pada umumnya disebabkan oleh tidak tersedia sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang potensial, mentalitas aparat pemerintah desa dalam melaksanakan tugas pokok dan fungsi sebagai kewenangan dan kewajiban pemerintah desa, kekurangan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana pelayanan, desa terpencil dan kekurangan dana. Untuk itu, maka proses perencanaan memerlukan keterlibatan masyarakat, diantaranya dengan melakukan musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan (musrenbang). Penyelenggaraan musrenbang meliputi tahap persiapan, diskusi dan perumusan prioritas program/kegiatan, partisipasi masyarakat disuatu desa sangatlah penting . Masyarakat desa diberikan kekuasaan oleh negara melalui UU nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang desa sebagai wewenang mengatur dan mengurus urusan pemerintah untuk memenuhi kepentingan hidup dan kehidupan masyarakat desa atas prakarsa pembangunan desa yang dipikir dan rancang sendiri oleh lembaga-lembaga kemasyarakatan desa dan lembaga pemerintahan desa melalui musyawarah dan mufakat. Hasil artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah desa dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan di Desa Kulo Kecamatan Kulo Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang dengan persentase 76%, partisipasi masyarakat dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan berada pada kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 81%, dan faktor yang mempengaruhi peran pemerintah desa dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan berada pada kategori baik dengan persentase 64%, dan persentase secara keseluruhan yaitu 76%
DEKATNYA KEDATANGAN KRISTUS YANG KEDUA
Authors: Putra Adi
Published: August 2021

Tulisan ini merupakan studi eskatologi yang membahas tentang polemik yang muncul dalam gereja tentang kedatangan Kristus yang kedua.
Integrated Coastal and Small Island Development Plant-livestock Based in Kolaka Regency :Paper
Authors: Munadi Laode Muh.
Published: August 2021

Livestock area is an area specifically intended for livestock activities or integrated as a component of farming (based on food crops, plantations, horticulture, or fisheries) and integrated as an ecosystem component. The development of farm areas should pay attention to the optimization of local resources and regional development policy strategies. Basically sustainable agriculture development is the implementation of the concept of sustainable development that aims to increase the income and welfare of the farming community at large.
Effect of time constraints on the conceptual representation of metaphor processing
Authors: Liu Pei Q , Connell Louise , Lynott Dermot
Published: August 2021

What shapes the conceptual representation during metaphor processing? In this paper, we investigate this question by studying the roles of both embodied simulation and linguistic distributional patterns. Researchers have propose that the linguistic component is shallow and speedy, ideal as a shortcut to construct crude representations and conserve valuable cognitive resources. Thus, during metaphor processing, people should rely on the linguistic component more if the goal of processing is shallow and the time available is limited. Here, we present two pre-registered experiments which aim to evaluate this hypothesis. The results supported the role of simulation in metaphor processing, but not the linguistic shortcut hypotheses: the effect of linguistic distributional frequency increased as people had more time to process the metaphors, and as they engaged in deep processing. Furthermore during shallow processing, the processing was easier when the embodied and linguistic components support each other. These findings indicate a complex interaction between the embodied and linguistic components during metaphor processing.
Contextualizing the impact of snakebite envenoming on patients: A qualitative content analysis of Patient-Specific Functional Scale activities using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig
Published: August 2021

Abstract: without Background and including Keywords: 251/275 wordsBackground: There are no disease specific theoretical models describing dysfunction in Snakebite Envenoming (SBE). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) created by the WHO provides a conceptual basis for defining all aspects of functioning and disability within the biopsychosocial model. The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a patient-centered and patient-reported outcome that assesses activities chosen by the patient as limiting and important. Objective: In this study, we analyze the PSFS activities in SBE and apply it to the existing ICF model in order to describe the impact of SBE in patients’ activities and daily lives’ that goes beyond the description of the physiological effects and to develop a theoretical SBE model of functioning. Design: This study performed a post-hoc analysis of two multi-center, prospective studies, conducted at 14 clinical sites across the southeastern United States. Participants: Patients undergoing treatment for mild, moderate and severe SBE.Main outcome measures: Activities listed in the PSFS were used for a combination of qualitative content analysis and Natural Language Processing to categorize responses using the ICF model.Results: Our sample included 86 patients. The mean age was 43.0 (SD 17.6) years, most had lower extremity injuries (62%). A total of 99 unique activities were chosen by patients when completing the PSFS, representing eight of the nine domains within the Activity and Participation component of the ICF model, with the majority in the Mobility and General Tasks and Demands domains.Conclusion: The main concerns of SBE patients are related to the ability to perform regular daily activities and to engage within their social environment, having a multifaceted impact in a variety of areas in their daily lives. Applying the ICF model to SBE can facilitate the creation of a patient centered treatment approach, moving beyond body-structural impairments towards a function-based treatment approach and facilitate early integration of rehabilitation services. Keywords: Snakebite envenoming, snake bite, PSFS, ICF, Function, Disability
BITES study: A qualitative analysis among emergency medicine physicians on Snake Envenomation Management practices
Authors: Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Antivenom is currently considered standard treatment across the full spectrum of severity for snake envenomation in the United States. Although safe and effective antivenoms exist, their use in clinical practice is not universal.Objective: This study explored physicians’ perceptions of antivenom use and experience with snake envenomation treatment in order to identify factors that influence treatment decisions and willingness to administer.Methods: We conducted a qualitative study based on a grounded theory framework including in-depth interviews via online video conferencing with physicians practicing in emergency departments across the United States. Participants were selected based on purposive sampling methods. Data analysis followed a combination of inductive and deductive strategies, conducted by two researchers. The codebook and findings were discussed within the research team. Findings: Sixteen in-depth interviews with physicians from nine states across the US were conducted. The participants’ specialties include emergency medicine (EM), pediatric EM, and toxicology. The experience of treating snakebites ranged from only didactic education to having treated over 100 cases. Emergent themes for this manuscript from the interview data included perceptions of antivenom, willingness to administer antivenom and influencing factors to antivenom usage. Overall, cost-related concerns were a major barrier to antivenom administration, especially in cases where the indications and effectiveness did not clearly outweigh the potential financial burden on the patient in non-life- or limb-threatening cases. The potential to decrease recovery time and long-term functional impairments was not commonly reported by participants as an indication for antivenom. In addition, level of exposure and perceived competence, based on prior education and clinical experience, further impacted the decision to treat. Resources such as Poison Center Call lines were well received and commonly used to guide the treatment plan. The need for better clinical guidelines and updated treatment algorithms with clinical and measurable indicators was stated to help the decision-making process, especially among those with low exposure to snake envenomation patients.Conclusions: A major barrier to physician use of antivenom is a concern about cost, cost transparency and cost–benefit for the patients. Those concerns, in addition to the varying degrees of awareness of potential long-term benefits, further influence inconsistent clinical treatment practices.
Language Acquisition. To appear, subject to editing changes, in N. Evans & S. Fedden (eds.), The Oxford Guide to Papuan Languages
Authors: Hellwig Birgit , Sarvasy Hannah , Casillas Marisa
Published: August 2021

This chapter reviews existing research on language acquisition in Papuan languages. It will appear, subject to editing changes, in N. Evans & S. Fedden (eds.), The Oxford Guide to Papuan Languages. We point readers interested further in this topic to the chapter on language socialization in the same volume, by Lila San Roque & Bambi B. Schieffelin.
Breadth, ‘National Needs’, and Reimagining the Role of the University in Society
Authors: Patel Joshua
Published: August 2021

A persistent critique of university histories is their lack of consideration for the influence of external forces. How did the political and societal pressures of the 1960s inform understandings of the contributions that students and universities should make to society? This article investigates how pressures that the universities contribute to the ‘national need’ informed the design of studies and the built environment at the University of Warwick.
Vice-Chancellor of Warwick ‘Jack’ Butterworth in 1970 found himself and his university criticised for permitting an ‘oligarchy of industrialists,’ to subjugate the university and force it to mass-produce ‘capitalistic,’ managers. For Butterworth this was no coup but a reorientation of the purpose of a university towards public needs. At Warwick, a new university was imagined. Its environment and teaching programme stressed ‘breadth’ and spontaneity so that it might produce students armed with ‘pure’ knowledge to be ‘applied’ to practical issues of the day, particularly those found in industry. The nation needed such broad-minded, productive graduates in order to engender the prosperous liberal society. This educational philosophy is identifiable in Butterworth’s proposals for his business school, Warwick’s foiled attempt to merge with the local college of technology, and its unsuccessful early designs for halls of residence.
Towards Inclusivity at the University of Warwick
Authors: Sleight Lauren
Published: August 2021

As part of the Then & Now project, oral histories were collected from staff and alumni about their experiences at the University of Warwick. During these interviews, participants often spoke about their own experiences of inclusion and exclusion at university, often in comparison to the perceived experience of students at university of today. Looking back to earlier decades of the 1960s, 70s, 80s and 90s, those interviewed described the institution as primarily white, male, and middle-class. But, in their oral history testimonies participants reported feeling that that inclusivity at Warwick has undergone a transformation over the last 50 years. This article reviews these interviews and considers what the interviewees’ experiences can add to discussions about inclusivity and accessibility within universities. By focusing on three themes that were identified from these interviews - gender, race and ethnicity, and class - the article explores changing attitudes and experiences of inclusion and exclusion at the University of Warwick 1965-present. The interviews indicate that significant changes have taken place with regards to gender equality, but that less sustained changes have been perceived to have occurred in relation to class and race. By reviewing a small sample of interviews that were collated as part of Then & Now, this article demonstrates the potential that further oral histories could offer to our understanding of inclusivity at the University of Warwick and the history of Higher Education.
Through the Looking Backwards Glass
Authors: Johnson Gareth J
Published: August 2021

In this editorial, the Editor-in-Chief provides a brief introduction to the genesis and production of this special Then & Now issue. He provides an overview of the articles contained in the issue, before moving on to expanding on the current and future calls for contributions to the journal. After providing prospective author guidance and insights on forthcoming journal volumes, the editorial concludes with a guide to the various channels though which readers and authors alike can interact with the Exchanges journal.
Pelayanan Berimplikasi Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada PT Kayndra Dwi Pesona Tangerang
Authors: Erri Dirgahayu , Nur Viera Septia
Published: August 2021

Pelayanan merupakan sebuah aktivitas bagi penyedia jasa yang harus dikerjakan dengan baik oleh perusahaan. Banyak strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan, kaitannya dengan kualitas pelayanan, dimana aspek tersebut sangat penting untuk mencapai kepuasan pelanggan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, seberapa besar kontribusi pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan mengetahui koefisien regresi pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada PT Kayndra Dwi Pesona Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik sampling jenuh dengan responden berjumlah 30 pelanggan. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi dimana nilai koefisien korelasi mendekati 1 berarti memiliki hubungan yang kuat antara pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Sedangkan hasil koefisien determinasi dari hasil pengaruh pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan menggambarkan besarnya kontribusi variabel yang diteliti. Penelitian ini juga mencari koefisien regresi diperoleh dalam bentuk persamaan yang didapatkan dari perhitungan statistik.
MODEL OF OPTIMAL OF MANUFACTURING AND DELIVERING OF FINAL PRODUCT TO CONSUMERS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT COSTFOR MARKETING
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Postan Mykhaylo , Kurudzhy Yulia ,   Odessa National Maritime University
Published: August 2021

The newtrendsoftheoryandpracticeoflogistics’ developmentarebasedonlogisticaloperatorsandmanagersofeach links of supply chainsaspirations to earn the maximal profit from integral paradigm of logistics application based on more close interaction between logistic and marketing strategies of firms or companies. At present, it is very actual the development and analysis of optimization models which are accounting simultaneously influence of marketing activity of companies and the logistics conception. In the article, on the basis of classical model of multi-nomenclature products optimal planning by an enterprise side by side the optimal planning of finished product transportation to consumers the economic-mathematical model has been developed and analyzed taking into account the marketing activity of enterprise. It is supposed that demand for finished products is a some increasing function of advertising costs. The concrete form of such dependence may be found in result of corresponding market’s analyses for previous period. In more simple case it may be the linear dependence. It is supposed also that expected demand without cost for advertising is known in result of market analyses. This optimization model allows us to findouttheoptimal joint production and transportationplansandoptimal advertising costs maximizing the total profit of enterprise. The experimental calculations show that interaction of marketing and logistics conceptions allows not only to increase the effectiveness of supply chain functioning as a whole but its every link, as well. The approach proposed may be applied for investigation of more general optimization models takingintoaccount the marketdemand fluctuation over the given planning horizon. The results obtained in the article show that above optimization model of integrated supply chain and its possible generalizations has thedefined perspective of further development in the framework of integral paradigm of logistics.Keywords: supply chain, optimization of the production and transportation plans, demand, marketing activity.
FORMATION OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION IN THE 30S OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Brekhova T.S.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of the judicial system formation in the Jewish Autonomous region in the 30s of the twentieth century. The article provides information on the functioning of regional and people's courts of that period. The author also shows the speciﬁ cs of the regional administration personnel policy in relation to the justice authorities and substantiates the reasons for the poor quality of criminal and civil cases consideration.
SELANİK’TE YAŞAYAN TÜRKLERİN DİL DURUMU
Authors: CANBULAT Mehmet , DİVRİK Devrim
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada Selanik’te yaşayan Türklerin dil kullanımı, tutumu, seçimi, sürdürümü ile cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu ve kimlik algısı değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma, nicel araştırma yaklaşımı içinde tarama yöntemiyle yürütülmüş betimsel bir araştırmadır. Bu çalışmada durum ve değişkenler arası ilişkilerin incelenmesinde ki-kare testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Selanik’te yaşayan farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve meslek gruplarından toplam 64 kişi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Yağmur (2003) tarafından geliştirilen bir anket ile toplanılmıştır. Araştırma, Türkçenin Selanik’te %64 oranında dilsel sürdürümü olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu durum Türkçenin sürdürümünü devam ettirse de özellikle genç kuşak düzeyinde tehlikede olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca aile içinde Türkçenin en etkili iletişim dili olduğu ve katılımcıların genelinin Türkçeye karşı olumlu tutum içinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak genel anlamdaki olumlu tutumun genç Türk nüfusunda düşüş yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Özellikle sosyal ortamlarda büyük oranda Yunancanın tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak Türkçe adına olumlu bir tablo görülse de Türkçenin Balkanlardaki geleceği için özellikle genç kuşağı kapsayıcı çalışmalar yapılabilir.
ULUSLARARASI TİCARET İŞLEMLERİNİN BOBİ-FRS, TMS/TFRS İLE VUK KAPSAMINDA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK İNCELEME VE UYGULAMASI
Authors: KILIÇ İsa , ÖNAL Servet
Published: August 2021

Uluslararası ticaret, genel anlamda ülkeler arasında mal ve hizmetin el değiştirmesi şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Uluslararası ticaretin hacmi her geçen gün artış göstermektedir. Uluslararası ticaretin tarafları olan ülkeler ise yapılan bu ticari işlemlerin; doğru, anlaşılabilir ve uluslararası sisteme uygun bir şekilde kaydedilmesini ve takip edilmesini arzulamaktadır. Uluslararası ticari işlemlerin tek bir formatta kaydedilip değerlendirilmesi, raporlanması ve ortak bir şekilde yorumlanması ancak uluslararası muhasebe standartlarının tüm ülkeler nezdinde uygulanması ile mümkün hale gelecektir. Ülkemiz özellikle son on yılda Kamu Gözetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu (KGK)’nun da kurulması ile bu yolda ciddi manada yol alınmış olup bu hususta çalışmalara da kurumca devam edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası ticaret işlemlerinde sıklıkla kullanılan Büyük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmeler (BOBİ) adıyla yayınlanan BOBİ-FRS 6 Stoklar bölümü ve Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları (TMS) adıyla yayınlanan TMS/2 Stoklar Standardı, BOBİ-FRS 20 Yabancı Para Çevrim İşlemleri ve TMS/21 Kur Değişiminin Etkileri Standardı hakkındaki düzenlemeler kendi içlerinde ve Vergi Usul Kanunu (VUK) düzenlemeleri ile kıyaslanarak bu bölüm ve standartların birbirleri ile benzerlikleri, farklılıkları açıklanmış, tablolar yardımı ile özetlenmiş ve çeşitli örnekler kullanılarak da uygulama ile gösterilmiştir. Çalışma ile araştırma kapsamındaki uluslararası muhasebe işlemlerinde kullanıcılarına uluslararası muhasebe işlemlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, karşılaştırılabilir finansal raporlama hazırlanması suretiyle işletmelerin başarı durumlarının ölçülebilir hale getirilmesi hususunda önemli faydalar sağlayacaktır.
Breast Cancer in Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq: Risk Factors, Presenting Symptoms and Time to Medical Help-Seeking
Authors: Mjali Ahmed , Jawad Safaa Ayad , Al-Shammari Haider Hasan Jaleel
Published: August 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring tumor and the first cause of death in females. Low level of understanding early symptoms leads to a late diagnosis and high mortality rates. Aims: To describe presenting symptoms, risk factors, and medical care delays among breast cancer patients in Iraq. Materials & Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study conducted in Al-Hussein center in Karbala province of Iraq between February 2012 and August 2020.Results: There were 101 female patients with breast cancer, median age was 45 years. Most of our patients diagnosed incidentally and only 17.82% of our patients were performing breast self examination. Lack of physical activity was the most common risk factors in more than 74% of patients. Painless breast lump was the most frequent symptom in 85.14% of patients. Majority of our patients 58.42% asked medical help within six months. Limited knowledge about symptoms was the common barriers for early diagnosis in 43.94% of patients. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge about breast cancer had a major concern in our region. Increasing awareness about early symptoms and risk factors is very important for early diagnosis and proper management.
An Akan Translation, Validation and Reliability of a Questionnaire for assessing Awareness of Ghanaian women on Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wiafe Ebenezer , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Mensah Adwoa Bemah Boamah , Bangalee Varsha , Oosthuizen Frasia
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The study aimed to: (1) adopt, modify and develop a questionnaire suitable for data collection on prostate cancer in the female population, (2) translate the questionnaire into the Akan language, and (3) conduct a validity and reliability analysis on the Akan questionnaire. Methods: An English version questionnaire was developed and adequately translated into an Akan version according to the forward and backward translation protocols. The Akan questionnaire went through translator-approval and certification. Validity and reliability analysis were performed on the questionnaire. Statistical analysis for face validity involved the determination of average scores while content validity involved the determination of the content validity index. Regarding reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for the test and retest periods of study. Results: A forty-five (45) membered Akan questionnaire was successfully developed and certified. The average scores for all parameters employed in the face validation were greater than 4. The content validity index was within the range of 0.90 - 0.99 while the Cronbach’s alpha for both test periods was within the range of 0.7808 - 0.9209. Conclusion: The Akan questionnaire had acceptable validity and reliability outcome. Therefore, the questionnaire was considered appropriate for assessing knowledge, awareness, and perception of Ghanaian women of prostate cancer.
Enhancing Nigerian Healthcare Providers Competence in Breast Cancer Clinical Pathway Development using Blended Learning Approach
Authors: Eguzo Kelechi N , Akpanudo Usenime , Oluoha Chukwuemeka , Ismaila Nofisat , Jacob Aniekan , Nnah Kingsley , Tumba Nuhu , Udoekong Mfonobong , Adisa Charles
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Clinical pathways are a means of translating universal clinical guidelines into local protocols to inform clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using a blended learning approach for providing instruction and building competency on the development of breast cancer clinical pathways, using the guidelines from the National Cancer Control Network (NCCN). Methods: A one-group pretest-post test design was used for this study. Participants included healthcare providers and students in Nigeria, who were recruited through social media and professional organizations. The intervention was an online course delivered through Google Classroom, followed by two-day workshops at three locations. Data collection involved pre and post-tests scores from the online course, self-reported evaluation, as well as objective grading of in-person group projects. Results: Over 400 individuals joined the online course while 90 participated in the in-person workshops. Most participants (259/408, 63%) had no prior experience with online education, with an average age of 27.46 (±9.25) years. Data analysis revealed significant increases in mean knowledge scores across all groups from pretest (M=12.76, SE = 0.60) to post test (M =17.25, SE =0.38) p<0.001. Self-reported evaluation showed higher scores regarding chemotherapy administration for blended learning participants. Objective competence scores in developing clinical pathways ranged from 63% to 87%, across three sites. Conclusion: Findings reveal that both an online course alongside in-person workshops can be effective strategies for improving the knowledge and competence respectively of healthcare professionals on clinical pathways development. Participants in the blended learning component demonstrated significantly greater improvement in self-reported confidence scores. We recommend further studies to compare the relative strengths and limitations of these strategies.
Esophageal Cancer in North West India: A Tertiary Care Center Experience of 5 Year
Authors: Khan Falak , Dana Rohitashwa , Kumar Pawan
Published: August 2021

Background: Incidence of Esophageal cancer (EC) is increasing now a days and it has became a sixth leading cause of cancer related death in world. EC is associated with multiple risk factors. Despite various advances in the treatment of EC, it remains one of the least responsive tumors to cancer therapy, thereby overall prognosis remains poor. The current status of EC in North West India in relation to the demographics, diagnosis, staging, multimodality treatment, and the future perspectives are discussed. Methods and Materials: This is a retrospective analysis of medical records of the EC patients registered in the Department of Radiation Oncology SMS Medical and Attached Hospitals Jaipur from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: Out of 10,464 patients with various malignancies registered in SMS hospital for radiotherapy via Co-60 technique in the previous 5 years from 2015-2019; 449 were having EC. 40.25% patients were in 6th decade and male to female ratio was 1.49:1. EC was most common in farmers (51.79%) and 76.16% patients were the resident of rural areas addicted with smoking (41.4%) and tobacco chewing (24.7%) habit. Dysphagia was the presenting feature in almost all the patients. Most common type and site of involvement were squamous type (75.72%) and middle third (45.43%) part of the esophagus respectively. 39.19% patients presented in stage III and 24.70% patients in stage IVA. The patients were planned with treatment according to their age, performance status, extent of disease and other co-morbidities. Conclusions: At our centre most of the patients landed up in advanced stage poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, late diagnosis. Majority of the EC patient were addicted with smoking and tobacco chewing habit, hence screening of high risk population and lifestyle modifications limiting the use of tobacco, may help in the early detection and can decrease the mortality related to EC. Careful selection of patients for radical treatment is very important for providing relatively longer disease free interval.