bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Visual Representations and Performance of Humans and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Jacobs Robert A. , Bates Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Although deep neural networks (DNNs) are state-of-the-art artificial intelligence systems, it is unclear what insights, if any, they provide about human intelligence. We address this issue in the domain of visual perception. After briefly describing DNNs, we provide an overview of recent results comparing human visual representations and performance with those of DNNs. In many cases, DNNs acquire visual representations and processing strategies that are very different from those used by people. We conjecture that there are at least two factors preventing them from serving as better psychological models. First, DNNs are currently trained with impoverished data, such as data lacking important visual cues to three-dimensional structure, data lacking multisensory statistical regularities, and data in which stimuli are unconnected to an observer’s actions and goals. Second, DNNs typically lack adaptations to capacity limits, such as attentional mechanisms, visual working memory, and compressed mental representations biased toward preserving task-relevant abstractions.
Variable selection for the determination of total polar materials in fried oils by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Cascant Mari M , Garrigues Salvador , de la Guardia Miguel
Published: November 2018

Total polar materials (TPM) content is considered as the best indicator and the most common parameter to check the quality of deep-frying oils. The development of simpler and quicker analytical techniques than the available methods to monitor oil quality in restaurants and fried food outlets is an important topic related to the human health. This paper reports a comparison of the variable selection of near infrared (NIR) spectra by multiple linear regression (MLR-NIR) with partial least squares (PLS-NIR) models for the quantification of TPM in fried vegetable oils. The use of PLS-NIR offers an alternative in laboratory bench equipment for the determination of TPM in oils employed for frying different kinds of foods with relative prediction errors of 6.5%, a coefficient of determination for prediction of 0.99 and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 9.2 when selected wavenumber intervals were employed. MLR-NIR allows the selection of a reduced number of wavenumber in order to develop low cost instruments to evaluate the frying oil quality. Based on the NIR signals at four wavenumbers, the relative prediction error was 12.1%, the coefficient of determination for prediction was 0.96 and the RPD was 5.0.
Mediator Analysis of Job Satisfaction: Relationship between Servant Leadership and Employee Engagement
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot
Published: November 2018

Servant leaders attempt altruistically and selflessly to help others before themselves, believe in developing their followers to their greatest potential, and seek to benefit the wider community. The main purpose of the present article is to examine servant leadership as the antecedent to employee engagement, mediated by job satisfaction, in Punjab, using data from 190 employees from different service provider companies (banks, colleges, call centres, insurance companies). Quantitative analysis shows that when employees observe positive levels in servant leadership, they are fundamentally encouraged towards exercising significantly higher levels of engagement and satisfaction.
“Triggering” Understanding in a Kodály Present
Authors: Dunbar Laura
Published: November 2018

Triggers can be used in PowerPoint to start animations, but they can also be paired with other images to help make these images appear in a random order. This allows the teacher to begin where students are rather than being locked into a click sequence. When labeling a new concept for the first time, triggers can be particularly useful.
COPE for Adolescent Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: A Brief Cognitive–Behavioral Skill-Building Intervention to Improve Quality of Life and Promote Positive Mental Health
Authors: Doumit Rita , Kazandjian Chant , Militello Lisa K.
Published: November 2018

Lebanon has the highest per-capita concentration of refugees worldwide. There is an urgent need to offer psychosocial interventions to vulnerable groups such as Syrian refugee adolescents. To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a cognitive–behavioral intervention (Creating Opportunities for Patient Empowerment [COPE]) on depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QOL) in a sample of adolescent refugees (13-17 years) living in Lebanon. A preexperimental study design was used. COPE 7-Session was delivered to 31 adolescent Syrian refugees. Participants were assessed for depression (Personal Health Questionnaire–9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders Scale), and QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory). Feasibility and acceptability findings indicated that the COPE program was a positive experience for teens. Significant decreases in depression and anxiety, and increases in QOL were also reported. COPE is an effective cognitive–behavioral intervention that can be delivered in an Arabic/Middle-Eastern setting for teen refugees to improve mental health and QOL.
Core and Peripheral Features of the Cross-Cultural Model of Romantic Love
Authors: Nelson Alex J. , Yon Kyu Jin
Published: November 2018

Ethnological studies point to candidates for culturally universal and variable characteristics of romantic love models. However, only recently have these hypotheses begun to be tested through primary data collection intended for cross-cultural comparison. This study builds on two such efforts covering the United States, Russia, Lithuania, and China by adapting their methods to South Korea. We found support for the core features of romantic love identified in these studies (sexual attraction, altruism, intrusive thinking, emotional fulfillment, and idealization). We also explain peripheral meanings of love, including its association with sex, irrationality, and material considerations. In our discussion of East Asian models of romantic love, we argue that the apparently less altruistic attitudes of East Asian women toward their lovers are attributable to the deterioration of structural support for institutions that enforced the ideal of female sacrifice previously valorized in their family relations, and women’s backlash against these continued expectations.
Rhode Island Domestic Violence Shelter Policies, Practices, and Experiences Pertaining to Survivors With Opioid Use Disorder: Results of a Qualitative Study
Authors: Rothman Emily F , Stone Rebecca , Bagley Sarah M
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to fill a gap in the existing research by exploring policies and practices of domestic violence shelters in one US state pertaining to clients with opioid use disorders (OUDs), as well as documenting some of their experiences providing services to those clients. We used semi-structured key informant interviews to gather information about Rhode Island shelter practices and policies pertaining to OUD-relevant topics and make meaning of shelter workers’ experiences with clients with OUDs. One researcher conducted all 30-min, telephone interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using a content-based analysis approach. The open-ended interview questions yielded information that clustered in the following three main themes: (1) existing shelter policies and practices; (2) staff training on OUDs; and (3) ideas for improvement. Intimate partner violence (IPV) service providers reported that OUD is an issue that affects their clientele, creates problems for both IPV survivors and for staff who are helping them heal from IPV, and causes concerns about the safety of children and other shelter residents who may be housed with individuals with OUDs. Participants reported a range of policies and practices related to how IPV survivors with OUDs are served by their programs. They also offered multiple possible improvements that could be made to IPV survivor programming. Among their suggestions were the establishment of long-term housing, hiring substance use disorder specialists to work in IPV shelters, and improving interagency relationships between IPV programs, child protection services, and substance use disorder treatment providers. Some close-ended interview questions permitted calculations about the percentage of programs that had particular policies in place. For example, of the six programs, 50% (n = 3) reported that they keep naloxone on site. Only one of the six programs (18%) reported that they have a protocol for disposing of unused opioids, medications for OUD, or drug paraphernalia if it is found at the shelter. Additional data about the prevalence of OUDs among the IPV shelter population is needed, as are in-depth analyses of barriers and facilitators to OUD treatment for IPV survivors.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Brazil: Clinical Profile and Outcomes
Authors: Teixeira Francine , Raboni Sonia M , Ribeiro Clea EL , França João CB , Broska Anne C , Souza Nathalia LS
Published: November 2018

Worldwide, the convergence of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection epidemics is a public health challenge. In Brazil, TB is the leading cause of death by infectious disease in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to report the clinical, demographic, epidemiological, and laboratory data for TB in PLWH. This cross-sectional study involved a retrospective analysis of data for patients with TB/HIV coinfection who attended from 2006 to 2015 through a review of medical records. A total of 182 patients were identified, of whom 12 were excluded. Patients were divided according to whether they had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB; n = 48; 28%) or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB; n = 122; 72%). The diagnosis was laboratory confirmed in 75% of PTB patients and 78.7% of EPTB patients. The overall 1-year mortality rate was 37.6%, being 22.9% in PTB patients and 69% in EPTB patients; 84% of these deaths were TB-related. The CD4+ count and disseminated TB were independent risk factors for death. The frequency of resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates was 14%. TB in PLWH is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and severe immunosuppression is a risk factor for death. Appropriate measures for early TB detection should reduce the case fatality rate in high-burden settings.
The silliness of magical realism
Authors: Clermont Kevin M
Published: November 2018

Relative plausibility, even after countless explanatory articles, remains an underdeveloped model bereft of underlying theory. Multivalent logic, a fully developed and accepted system of logic, comes to the same endpoint as relative plausibility. Multivalent logic would thus provide the missing theory, while it would resolve all the old problems of using traditional probability theory to explain the standards of proof as well as the new problems raised by the relative plausibility model. For example, multivalent logic resolves the infamous ‘conjunction paradox’ that traditional probability creates for itself, and which relative plausibility tries to sweep under the rug.

Yet Professors Allen and Pardo dismiss multivalent logic as magical realism when applied to legal factfinding. They reject this ring buoy because they misunderstand nonclassical logic, as this response explains.
Potential liabilities: Social investment policy as biopolitics in New Zealand – An examination of the National Coalition government’s welfare policies
Authors: Stuart Margaret
Published: November 2018

Using Michel Foucault’s theories of biopolitics, about risk and security, I examine the welfare policies of the National Coalition Government in New Zealand (2008–2017). This government attempted to mitigate risk by projecting possible challenges and solutions to ‘vulnerable populations’. Welfare was re-defined in monetarist economic terms, as ways to ensure ‘small government’. Over the three terms of government they brought in changes across the education, and social services, with the intent of implementing new economic facets to reduce the cost to the state of beneficiaries and their dependent children.

 Using cross-ministry data collection, they planned to identify the ‘job-shy’ parents and children deemed ‘vulnerable’. Social Investment aimed to change the behaviours of such populations, whom the National Coalition government deemed future potential liabilities for the state. Projecting costs over 20 or 30 years and modelling the costs of dysfunction would give the social agencies improved information. Early intervention would save the state welfare budget, and responsibilize the young children at risk of themselves becoming beneficiaries later in life.
Reimagining complexity: Exploring organizational ambidexterity as a lens for policy research
Authors: Bingham Andrea J , Burch Patricia
Published: November 2018

For years, policy implementation scholars have recognized the trend of school improvement policies converging on public schools in such a way that these policies create a paradox – policies aimed at school improvement have often been represented as in such a state of incoherence, that they have been unmanageable. This convergence of reforms asks educators to manage multiple demands – learning and implementing new reforms and ways of teaching, while also leveraging current resources and capabilities. The concept of organizational ambidexterity captures this tension and complexity, giving a name to an organization’s ability to effectively balance conflicting pressures and to simultaneously take advantage of existing capabilities and explore possible innovative practices to increase both efficiency and efficacy. We argue that drawing on the research on organizational ambidexterity and conceptualizing new ways for schools to develop ambidextrous practices may be a critical step toward answering how schools manage environmental pressures and toward educational change.
Network method for deformation analysis of three-dimensional point cloud with terrestrial laser scanning sensor
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Yang Hao
Published: November 2018

The complexity of structural materials is increasing the importance of the technology for high accuracy measurement. How to obtain the displacement information of structural feature points accurately and efficiently is the key issue of deformation analysis. In this article, displacement analysis of a composite arched structure is investigated based on the terrestrial laser scanning technique. A new method based on the measured point cloud is proposed to analyze the displacement of surficial points, resulting in not only the displacement size but also the displacement direction. The innovation lies in extracting the displacement information with a network and remapped point cloud, which is called the network method. The displacement map obtained demonstrates that the transverse displacement in the experiment plays an important role in the safety of the structure, which could not be observed and obtained by the surface approximation method. Therefore, the panorama- and pointwise displacement analysis technologies contribute to ensure the safety of increasingly complex constructions.
A film bulk acoustic resonator pressure sensor based on lateral field excitation
Authors: Su Shujing , Geng Zihui , Ma Xiaoxin , Tan Qiulin , Xiong Jijun
Published: November 2018

A high-sensitive thickness shear mode film bulk acoustic resonator pressure sensor based on lateral field excitation is designed with its structure simulated in environment of air and liquids. A finite element model of film bulk acoustic resonator pressure sensor structure is established to obtain frequency variation under different pressure conditions by parameter sweep method when the multi-physics fields are added to the model. The results of simulation show that the pressure sensor’s resonance frequency is 2.114 GHz and pressure sensitivity is 1200 Hz/kPa in air. In liquid environment, film bulk acoustic resonator pressure sensor displays a pressure sensitivity of 325 Hz/kPa in ethanol, 475 Hz/kPa in deionized water, and 612.5 Hz/kPa in glycerol. This film bulk acoustic resonator pressure sensor has been proved to be highly sensitive both in air and liquid environment and has the potential to be used in biomedical applications.
Decrease in VEGF-Induced Pericardial Adhesion Formation Using Bevacizumab After Surgery
Authors: Jelveh Moghaddam Hosseinali , Aghajani Marjan , Raeis-Abdollahi Ehsan , Faghihi Mahdieh , Dabbagh Ali , Imani Alireza
Published: November 2018

Objectives. Some degrees of postoperative cardiac adhesions occur in response to the first cardiac surgery in patients that may limit surgeons for subsequent operations and increase the risk of heart injury. In this article, we established a model of postoperative pericardial adhesions, and because vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to initiate adhesion formation through inflammatory responses, we used an anti-VEGF antibody, that is, bevacizumab, to examine its effects on postoperative adhesion formation. Methods. Twenty Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups: control and bevacizumab. After chest opening, pericardial sac was opened and the heart was fully exposed. In the bevacizumab group, bevacizumab (2.5 mg/kg) was applied locally on the heart and then the chest was closed. The control group received saline solution as placebo. After 42 days, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in peripheral blood was measured, and re-sternotomy was performed to measure severity of pericardial adhesions. Then, the hearts were collected from all rats to evaluate percentage of CD-31-positive cells (as a marker of angiogenesis) using immunohistochemical staining. Results. When the bevacizumab group was compared with the control group, we found that the mean score of adhesion (0.89 ± 0.38 vs 2.56 ± 0.41) and CD-31 expression (27.45 ± 3.75% vs 56.26 ± 1.98%) was decreased significantly after bevacizumab administration. However, we did not find any difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels of control and bevacizumab animals. Conclusion. In the current study, bevacizumab administration could effectively reduce adhesion formation after first sternotomy by preventing VEGF-induced angiogenesis through CD-31 downregulation.
[Copper (II)/Cellulose-Chitosan] Microspheres Complex for Dye Immobilization: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Jabli Mahjoub , Aloui Faouzi , Hassine Béchir Ben
Published: November 2018

Considered as ligands due to the presence of donor atoms in their chemical structures, and being also among the major pollutants of water, Eriochrome Black B (Erio), Calmagite (Calma) and Acid Blue 25 (AB25) were successfully immobilized on cellulose-chitosan microspheres loaded with copper ions. Prepared supports were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectral study and Thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). The effect of experimental factors during dye immobilization such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration were studied. The experiments demonstrate that the adsorption capacities of dyes on [Cu(II)/cellulose-chitosan] are much higher than the unloaded microspheres. This indicates that these dyes can act as efficient ligands for coordinating metals already involved in [cellulose-chitosan]. At least, in the case of AB25, a 60% of difference in target removal was achieved at equilibrium. The kinetic adsorption fitted well to the intra-particle diffusion model and the corresponding rate constants were obtained. In addition, the interpretation of the equilibrium sorption data complies well with the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters were also determined and the enthalpy change (ΔH°) was found to be low, between −5.93 and −20.68 Kj.mol-1, indicating that the adsorption phenomenon is exothermic and physical. A probable mechanism of the Dye/Copper(II)/cellulose-chitosan complex is also proposed.
Navigating ambiguity: Early childhood leaders’ sense-making of their identity in a new mid-level role
Authors: Moshel Smadar , Berkovich Izhak
Published: November 2018

Mid-level roles in education have been widely explored, primarily in schools, but little research has been conducted during the systemic reform that involves creating a mid-level role between end units and the system. The present study explores the sense-making of early childhood leaders (ECLs) at the initial stage of their new role as mid-level managers. The new role was established as a result of a national administrative reform that, among others, made the systemic hierarchy more vertical by establishing a new mid-level layer between superintendents and early childhood teachers. This qualitative research included semi-structured interviews with 47 mid-level preschool managers. The study sought to uncover their views of the main challenges associated with assuming a new mid-level managerial role, and their coping styles in this role. The analysis revealed that the new mid-level management role raises three challenges concerning the ambiguity of identity: power base, voice, and interpersonal loyalty. ECLs cope with these challenges by assuming different types of leader identities, those of the representative, the companion, and the mediator. The implications of the findings for the limited knowledge on ECLs and for the introduction of the new mid-level roles are discussed.
Medical complications in pregnancy at Mulago Hospital, Uganda’s national referral hospital
Authors: Milln JM , Nakimuli A
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Medical complications in pregnancy contribute significantly to maternal morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Anecdotally, obstetricians in Uganda do not feel equipped to treat complex medical cases, and receive little support from physicians.

Methods

The aim of the study was to quantify the burden of complex medical conditions on the obstetric high dependency unit at Mulago National Referral Hospital, and potential deficiencies in the referral of cases and training in obstetric medicine. A prospective audit was taken on the obstetric high dependency unit from April to May 2014. In addition, 50 trainees in obstetrics and gynaecology filled a nine-point questionnaire regarding their experiences.

Results

Complex medical disorders of pregnancy accounted for 22/106 (21%) admissions to the high dependency unit, and these cases were responsible for 51% of total bed occupancy, and had a case fatality rate of 6/22 (27.2%). Only 6/14 (43%) of referrals to medical specialties were fulfilled within 48 h. Of the six women who died due to medical conditions, three specialty referrals were made, none of which were fulfilled. Trainees reported deficiencies in obstetric medicine training and in referral of complex conditions. They were least confident addressing non-communicable conditions in pregnancy.

Discussion

Deficiencies exist in the care of women with complex medical conditions in pregnancy in Uganda. Frameworks of obstetric medicine training and referral of complex cases should be explored and adapted to the sub-Saharan African setting.
Improving Emotional Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Existing Work and Future Challenges
Authors: Kotsou I. , Mikolajczak M. , Heeren A. , Grégoire J. , Leys C.
Published: November 2018

Emotional intelligence (EI) can be defined as the ability to identify, express, understand, manage, and use emotions. EI has been shown to have an important impact on health, relationships, and work/academic performance. In this article, we present a systematic review of 46 EI intervention studies on adult populations in order to assess their outcomes. Overall, these findings provide some support for the efficacy of EI programs. However, important limitations in most of the studies restrict the generalizability of their results. We discuss the contributions and limitations of these studies and make recommendations for the development and implementation of future interventions.
Feasibility of ureteroscopy as a pure day-case procedure
Authors: Grice PT , Phillips OP , Khan MA
Published: November 2018

Objective:

Ureteroscopy (URS) is a procedure that is commonly performed by endourologists for stone surgery and other diagnostic and therapeutic indications. With stone disease becoming an increasing burden on the health economy, there is a clear incentive to perform URS as a day-case procedure.

Patients and methods:

This single-centre, single-surgeon study prospectively considered all patients for day-case rigid or flexible URS over a 12-month period, with the only exclusion criteria being an American Society of Anesthesiologists score greater than 3 or a lack of aftercare.

Results:

Sixty-six patients were included with 61 being discharged the same day of surgery, meaning a pure day-case rate of 92% and 30-day postoperative readmission rate of 6%.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that URS should primarily be considered a day-case procedure whenever feasible.

Level of evidence:

2c
Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ipomoea batatas L. extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Akram Muhammad , Daniyal Muhammad , Ahmad Saeed
Published: November 2018

Different allopathic drugs are being used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus but more emphasis are being placed on the use of medicinal plants, herbs, and natural extracts of fruits and vegetables due to their easy availability, easy consummation with low cost, and with no well-reported side effects. White skinned sweet potato (WSSP; Ipomoea batatas L.) peel-off was selected to find out its antidiabetic potential as well as to explore the effects on selected biochemical parameters in diabetes-induced Wistar rats. In young (3–4 months) and old (up to 1 year) diabetic Wistar rats, it was found that WSSP ( I. batatas L.) peel-off significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased blood glucose level, protein glycation level, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. A significant ( P < 0.05) increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level after treatment was also reported. Furthermore, it was also found that WSSP peel-off also had beneficial effects on total protein concentration, albumin, globulin, and liver enzymes (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)). It might be concluded that antidiabetic potential of WSSP extract is due to the presence of bioactive compounds like glycoprotein, anthocyanins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which act as insulin-like molecules or insulin secretagogues constituents in sweet potatoes peel-off and these antidiabetic proteins were extracted out in more concentration in methanol due to its organic nature. Further research is needed to purify and quantify the antidiabetic components responsible for antidiabetic effects of WSSP and it should be available in compact dose form for the treatment of diabetic patients.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction With a Minimally Invasive Harvested Fascia Lata Autograft Produces Good Clinical Results
Authors: de Campos Azevedo Clara Isabel , Ângelo Ana Catarina Leiria Pires Gago , Vinga Susana
Published: November 2018

Background:

Painful dysfunctional shoulders with irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) in active patients are a challenge. Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is a new treatment option originally described using a fascia lata autograft harvested through an open approach. However, concerns about donor site morbidity have discouraged surgeons from using this type of graft.

Hypothesis:

ASCR using a minimally invasive harvested fascia lata autograft produces good 6-month and 2-year shoulder outcomes in IRCTs, with low-impact thigh morbidity at 2 years.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

From 2015 to 2016, a total of 22 consecutive patients (mean age, 64.8 ± 8.6 years) with chronic IRCTs (Hamada grade 1-2; Goutallier cumulative grade ≥3; Patte stage 1: 2 patients; Patte stage 2: 6 patients; Patte stage 3: 14 patients) underwent ASCR using a minimally invasive harvested fascia lata autograft. All patients completed preoperative and 6-month evaluations consisting of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), subjective shoulder value (SSV), Constant score (CS), range of motion (ROM), acromiohumeral interval (AHI), and magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-one patients completed the 2-year shoulder and donor site morbidity assessments.

Results:

The mean active ROMs improved significantly ( P < .001): elevation, from 74.8° ± 55.5° to 104.5° ± 41.9° (6 months) and 143.8° ± 31.7° (2 years); abduction, from 53.2° ± 43.3° to 86.6° ± 32.9° (6 months) and 120.7° ± 37.7° (2 years); external rotation, from 13.2° ± 18.4° to 27.0° ± 16.1° (6 months) and 35.6° ± 17.3° (2 years); and internal rotation, from 1.2 ± 1.5 points to 2.6 ± 1.5 points (6 months) and 3.8 ± 1.2 points (2 years). The mean functional shoulder scores improved significantly ( P < .001): SST, from 2.1 ± 2.9 to 6.8 ± 3.5 (6 months) and 8.6 ± 3.5 (2 years); SSV, from 33.0% ± 17.4% to 55.7% ± 25.6% (6 months) and 70.0% ± 23.0% (2 years); CS, from 17.5 ± 13.4 to 42.5 ± 14.9 (6 months) and 64.9 ± 18.0 (2 years). The mean shoulder abduction strength improved significantly ( P < .001) from 0.0 to 1.1 ± 1.4 kg (6 months) and 2.8 ± 2.6 kg (2 years). The mean AHI improved from 6.4 ± 3.3 mm to 8.0 ± 2.5 mm (6 months) and decreased to 7.1 ± 2.5 mm (2 years). This 0.7 ± 1.5–mm overall decrease was statistically significant ( P = .042). At 6 months, 20 of 22 patients (90.9%) had no graft tears. At 2 years, 12 of 21 patients (57.1%) were bothered by their harvested thigh, 16 (76.2%) noticed donor site changes, 16 (76.2%) considered that the shoulder surgery’s end result compensated for the thigh’s changes, and 18 (85.7%) would undergo the same surgery again.

Conclusion:

ASCR using a minimally invasive harvested fascia lata autograft produced good 6-month and 2-year shoulder outcomes in IRCTs, with low-impact thigh morbidity at 2 years.
Availability of secondary prevention services after stroke in Europe: An ESO/SAFE survey of national scientific societies and stroke experts
Authors: Webb A , Heldner MR , Aguiar de Sousa D , Sandset EC , Randall G , Bejot Y , van der Worp B , Caso V , Fischer U ,   On behalf of the ESO-SAFE Secondary Prevention Survey Steering Group
Published: November 2018

Background

Recurrent stroke is associated with increased disability and cognitive impairment, but the availability of secondary prevention measures after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke in Europe is uncertain. This limits prioritisation of investment and development of national stroke strategies.

Methods

National stroke representatives throughout Europe were surveyed. Consensus panels reported national data if available, or else expert opinion, estimating the availability of each intervention by quintiles of patients, dichotomised for analysis at 60%. Countries were classified into tertiles of gross domestic product per capita.

Results

Of 50 countries, 46 responded; 14/45 (31%) had national stroke registries and 25/46 (54.3%) had national stroke strategies incorporating secondary prevention. Respondents reported that the majority of TIA patients were assessed by specialist services within 48 hours in 74.4% of countries, but in nine countries more than 20% of patients were seen after more than seven days and usually assessed by non-specialists (7/46 countries). Eighty percent of countries deferred blood pressure assessment to primary care, whilst lifestyle management programmes were commonly available in only 46% of countries. Although basic interventions were widely available, interventions frequently not available to more than 60% of patients included: ambulatory cardiac monitoring (40% countries); prescription (26%) and continuation (46%) of statins; blood pressure control at follow-up (44%); carotid endarterectomy within one month (15%); face-to-face follow-up in hospital (33%); direct oral anticoagulants (21%). Gross domestic product per capita and reimbursement of interventions were the commonest predictors of availability of interventions.

Conclusions

Provision of secondary prevention varied, with gaps in care prevalent throughout Europe, particularly in lower income countries.
Advanced Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Presenting as Chronic Cystoid Macular Edema and Vitritis Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: Powers Matthew A. , Wood Edward H. , Sanislo Steven R. , Nguyen Quan Dong , Hassan Tarek S.
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this case report is to present a case of birdshot chorioretinopathy in an elderly woman who presented with postoperative macular edema and vitritis following cataract surgery.

Methods:

A retrospective case report was compiled of the use of optical coherence tomography, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and wide-angle fundus photography to document exam findings.

Results:

An 81-year old woman presented with steroid-resistant bilateral cystoid macular edema and vitritis following cataract surgery. Clinical testing, including serum HLA-A29, was suggestive of birdshot chorioretinopathy. Pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling was performed, and the patient was started on both steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy and systemic corticosteroids. Her macular edema improved and her disease progression stabilized.

Conclusions:

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the oldest patient diagnosed with birdshot chorioretinopathy to be reported in the literature. The unusual initial presentation following cataract extraction highlights the importance of diagnostic vigilance when facing an unusual case of posterior uveitis.
How Neuroscience Transformed Business: The TCS Story
Authors: Affinwalla Smita , Bandyopadhyay Ranjan , Chugh Ashmeeta
Published: November 2018

Recent breakthrough advances in neuroscience have helped us understand the changes that the brain undergoes when it is in the process of learning. In this ever-changing environment, it is important for the human resource (HR) fraternity to adapt and stimulate organisational changes using the new knowledge that advances in neuroscience have brought us. It would be observed that in any organisation there are some persons who are better at engaging, impacting, influencing and networking besides meeting all productivity and other related targets. If these positive behaviours could get replicated across more people in the organisation, it would mean that the organisation would have a workforce which can help build ‘organisational character’ and social change by identifying solutions already existing in the system, thereby increasing organisational effectiveness. This case describes how Tata Consultancy Services, facilitated by HR, was able to do this by using neuroscience.
Awareness of Employee Stress Response: How Employers Can Mitigate Workplace Burnout and Workplace Depression
Authors: Deblauwe Tony
Published: November 2018

By examining the science behind leadership, management practices and how they relate to social cognitive neuroscience, we can understand how to target the most effective conditions for preventing workplace burnout and workplace depression. This process begins with the ability of managers to recognise and react responsively to create a culture of trust within the organisation, and identify and promote prosocial behaviours to prevent feelings of disengagement and displacement. This review discusses how one’s ability to inspire employees is particularly important, because followers with low self-concepts are drawn to a highly personalised vision. Through the promotion of the brain chemical, oxytocin, the material presents eight building blocks to promote a culture of trust, while mitigating the factors associated with workplace burnout and workplace depression.
Ceramic properties of Uşak clay in comparison with Ukrainian clay
Authors: Aghayev Tural , Küçükuysal Ceren
Published: November 2018

In this contribution, a new raw material, Uşak clay (Usc), was investigated in order to assess its potential for the ceramic industry by comparing it with a world reference ceramic material, a Ukrainian clay (Ukc). Mineralogical characterization (X-ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and Fourier-transform infrared [FTIR] spectroscopy), quantitative chemical analysis (X-ray fluorescence [XRF]) and the thermal properties of Ukc and Usc samples were investigated. Additionally, Atterberg limits, particle-size distribution and cation exchange capacity of both samples were determined. Various technological properties of Ukc and Usc were determined in the temperature range 800–1430°C. The bending and compressive strengths, total linear shrinkage, colour, water absorption and unit-volume mass values were measured. The findings from these analyses show that kaolinite-dominated Ukc and quartz-dominated Usc samples differ from each other not only mineralogically, but also in terms of their chemical, physical and technological properties. The firing colour of Usc was determined as 84% white, and so this can be considered as a light firing clay. In addition, due to its low plasticity, Usc may be utilized to reduce both the plasticity of the ceramic materials and the viscosity in slip-casting applied ceramics. Furthermore, the melting temperature of 1300°C suggests that Usc cannot be classified as refractory. However, this property does suggest an economic value for Usc in terms of developing technological characteristics at lower firing temperatures.
Modification and characterization of an Iranian montmorillonite as a corrosion/mechanical promoter for epoxy coatings
Authors: Ghodrati S. , Mahmoodi A. , Mohseni M.
Published: November 2018

Iranian montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTB) and used as a nano-additive for the enhancement of the mechanical and anticorrosion properties of an epoxy coating. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that HDTB reacted with MMT (with 97% yield) and increased the d001 spacing of MMT from 1.27 to 3.92 nm. Some 1, 3 and 5 wt.% of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were added to the epoxy coating formulation. XRD and TEM/image processing analysis showed that the extent of intercalation/exfoliation of OMMT was substantially greater than that of MMT. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass transition temperature and storage modulus increased significantly with the addition of OMMT. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray/image processing results revealed that addition of OMMT to the epoxy coating significantly increased the corrosion resistance of the coating compared to neat and MMT-containing epoxy coatings. The optimum concentration of OMMT was 3 wt.%. At this concentration, the mechanical and anticorrosion properties were greatly superior to those of neat and MMT-containing epoxy coatings.
BCAS2 is essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Jiang Tao , Jia Danna , Han Yunqiao , Liu Fei , Huang Yuwen , Qu Zhen , Zhao Yuntong , Tu Jiayi , Lv Yuexia , Li Jingzhen , Hu Xuebin , Lu Zhaojing , Han Shanshan , Qin Yayun , Liu Xiliang , Xie Shanglun , Wang Qing K. , Tang Zhaohui , Luo Daji , Liu Mugen
Published: November 2018

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endothelium via the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, are self-renewing, and replenish all lineages of blood cells throughout life. BCAS2 (breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2) is a component of the spliceosome and is involved in multiple biological processes. However, its role in hematopoiesis remains unknown. We established a bcas2 knockout zebrafish model by using transcription activator–like effector nucleases. The bcas2−/− zebrafish showed severe impairment of HSPCs and their derivatives during definitive hematopoiesis. We also observed significant signs of HSPC apoptosis in the caudal hematopoietic tissue of bcas2−/− zebrafish, which may be rescued by suppression of p53. Furthermore, we show that the bcas2 deletion induces an abnormal alternative splicing of Mdm4 that predisposes cells to undergo p53-mediated apoptosis, which provides a mechanistic explanation of the deficiency observed in HSPCs. Our findings revealed a novel and vital role for BCAS2 during HSPC maintenance in zebrafish.
American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: diagnosis of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Lim Wendy , Le Gal Grégoire , Bates Shannon M. , Righini Marc , Haramati Linda B. , Lang Eddy , Kline Jeffrey A. , Chasteen Sonja , Snyder Marcia , Patel Payal , Bhatt Meha , Patel Parth , Braun Cody , Begum Housne , Wiercioch Wojtek , Schünemann Holger J. , Mustafa Reem A.
Published: November 2018

In February 2022, these guidelines were reviewed by an expert work group convened by ASH. Review included limited searches for new evidence and discussion of the search results. Following this review, the ASH Committee on Quality agreed to continue monitoring the supporting evidence rather than revise or retire these guidelines at this time. Limited searches and expert review will be repeated annually going forward until these guidelines are revised or retired.
Prevalence and in-hospital outcomes of diabetes among patients with acute coronary syndrome in China: findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome Project
Authors: Zhou Mengge , Liu Jing , Hao Yongchen , Liu Jun , Huo Yong , Smith Sidney C. , Ge Junbo , Ma Changsheng , Han Yaling , Fonarow Gregg C. , Taubert Kathryn A. , Morgan Louise , Yang Na , Xing Yueyan , Zhao Dong ,   the CCC-ACS Investigators
Published: November 2018

Background

Guidelines have classified patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes as a special population, with specific sections presented for the management of these patients considering their extremely high risk. However, in China up-to-date information is lacking regarding the burden of diabetes in patients with ACS and the potential impact of diabetes status on the in-hospital outcomes of these patients. This study aims to provide updated estimation for the burden of diabetes in patients with ACS in China and to evaluate whether diabetes is still associated with excess risks of early mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) for ACS patients.

Methods

The Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-ACS Project was a collaborative study of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology. A total of 63,450 inpatients with a definitive diagnosis of ACS were included. Prevalence of diabetes was evaluated in the overall study population and subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between diabetes and in-hospital outcomes, and a propensity-score-matched analysis was further conducted.

Results

Among these ACS patients, 23,880 (37.6%) had diabetes/possible diabetes. Both STEMI and NSTE-ACS patients had a high prevalence of diabetes/possible diabetes (36.8% versus 39.0%). The prevalence of diabetes/possible diabetes was higher in women (45.0% versus 35.2%, p < 0.001). Even in patients younger than 45 years, 26.9% had diabetes/possible diabetes. While receiving comparable treatments for ACS, diabetes/possible diabetes was associated with a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (adjusted odds ratio 2.04 [95% confidence interval 1.78–2.33]) and a 1.5-fold higher risk of MACCE (adjusted odds ratio 1.54 [95% confidence interval 1.39–1.72]).

Conclusions

Diabetes was highly prevalent in patients with ACS in China. Considerable excess risks for early mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events were found in these patients.

Trial registration NCT02306616. Registered December 3, 2014
A role for the unfolded protein response stress sensor ERN1 in regulating the response to MEK inhibitors in KRAS mutant colon cancers
Authors: Šuštić Tonći , van Wageningen Sake , Bosdriesz Evert , Reid Robert J. D. , Dittmar John , Lieftink Cor , Beijersbergen Roderick L. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Rothstein Rodney , Bernards René
Published: November 2018

Background

Mutations inKRASare frequent in human cancer, yet effective targeted therapeutics for these cancers are still lacking. Attempts to drug the MEK kinases downstream of KRAS have had limited success in clinical trials. Understanding the specific genomic vulnerabilities ofKRAS-driven cancers may uncover novel patient-tailored treatment options.

Methods

We first searched for synthetic lethal (SL) genetic interactions with mutantRASin yeast with the ultimate aim to identify novel cancer-specific targets for therapy. Our method used selective ploidy ablation, which enables replication of cancer-specific gene expression changes in the yeast gene disruption library. Second, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screen inKRASmutant human colon cancer cells to understand the mechanistic connection between the synthetic lethal interaction discovered in yeast and downstream RAS signaling in human cells.

Results

We identify loss of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensorIRE1as synthetic lethal with activatedRASmutants in yeast. InKRASmutant colorectal cancer cell lines, genetic ablation of the human ortholog ofIRE1,ERN1, does not affect growth but sensitizes to MEK inhibition. However, an ERN1 kinase inhibitor failed to show synergy with MEK inhibition, suggesting that a non-kinase function of ERN1 confers MEK inhibitor resistance. To investigate how ERN1 modulates MEK inhibitor responses, we performed genetic screens inERN1knockoutKRASmutant colon cancer cells to identify genes whose inactivation confers resistance to MEK inhibition. This genetic screen identified multiple negative regulators of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) /JUN signaling. Consistently, compounds targeting JNK/MAPK8 or TAK1/MAP3K7, which relay signals from ERN1 to JUN, display synergy with MEK inhibition.

Conclusions

We identify the ERN1-JNK-JUN pathway as a novel regulator of MEK inhibitor response inKRASmutant colon cancer. The notion that multiple signaling pathways can activate JUN may explain whyKRASmutant tumor cells are traditionally seen as highly refractory to MEK inhibitor therapy. Our findings emphasize the need for the development of new therapeutics targeting JUN activating kinases, TAK1 and JNK, to sensitizeKRASmutant cancer cells to MEK inhibitors.