bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Design of Interlocking 3-Dimensional Miniplate in Mandibular Angle Fractures: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kreshanti Prasetyanugraheni , Supriadi Sugeng , Kekalih Aria , Rahyussalim Ahmad Jabir , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Noviana Deni , Hatibie Mendy Juniaty , Sukasah Chaula Luthfia , Aditya Andi
Published: June 2024

The evolution of osteosynthesis has led to the development of novel miniplate designs, including 3-dimensional (3D) miniplates, which offer improved biomechanical stability. However, mandible fractures resulting from the high impact have a complex fracture configuration. Hence, the authors developed interlocking 3D miniplate to overcome the difficulty in miniplate and screw placement to avoid critical anatomic structures, that is, dental roots and nerve, while still providing stability for the fracture fragments. The interlocking 3D miniplates can be formed according to the specific needs by adjusting the horizontal and vertical cross struts configuration. This study describes a design process of interlocking 3D miniplates and evaluates biomechanical performance compared to standard miniplates. Finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the design’s stress state using human and goat mandible models under various loading conditions. After the authors, established that our design was feasible for fabrication, the authors developed the prototype for biomechanical testing. Biomechanical testing was conducted on 10 goat mandibles to compare stability and displacement under various load between the interlocking 3D miniplate and the standard miniplate configuration. Biomechanical testing revealed reduced displacement in all directions with the interlocking 3D miniplate compared to the standard miniplate. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in all loads in the buccal-lingual displacement (P<0.05). The novel interlocking 3D miniplate design shows an adequate ability to provide stability for fixation for mandibular fractures, as evidenced by finite element analysis and biomechanical testing. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and explore the clinical application of interlocking 3D miniplates in mandibular fracture management.
Modified Scalp Replantation for Total Scalp Avulsion: Scalp-Shifting Technique
Authors: Zhang Juan , Guo Lei , Ning Hui , Pei Jiaomiao , Han Dongmei , Liu Xiaohua , Liu Jiaxi , Song Baoqiang
Published: June 2024

Background:

Scalp replantation is the best treatment for scalp avulsion due to its functional and esthetic benefits. Regular scalp replantation requires only unilateral or bilateral superficial temporal vascular anastomosis. However, shear force always damages vessels in severe scalp avulsions. Short, superficial temporal vessels (STVs) make tension-free anastomosis challenging.

Purpose:

The objective of this article is to improve the regular scalp replantation technique. When the STVs are short, tension-free anastomosis, and cosmetic symmetry can be achieved without vein grafts or vascular replacement.

Method:

This study retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with scalp avulsion, of which 10 underwent scalp-shifting replantation, and 8 underwent regular scalp replantation with direct anastomosis of the STVs. Postoperatively, the authors, assessed whether there was a significant difference in the percentage of scalp survival and in the facial symmetry of patients between the 2 methods.

Result:

The percentages of scalp survival and facial symmetry were good after surgeries using both methods, and no significant differences were observed.

Conclusion:

The authors use scalp-shifting replantation to create tension-free anastomoses in cases where scalp avulsion injuries have left the superficial temporal arteries too short. This technique ensures facial symmetry, scalp reimplantation survival, and equally excellent results in function and esthetics.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Radiation Therapy on Mesenchymal Cell Fate in Preventing Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Hsieh Meng-Lun , Choi Ji Hae , Korlakunta Sneha , Zhang Yuanyuan , Levi Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Radiation therapy is a clinically proven, localized preventive measure for heterotopic ossification (HO). Despite its efficacy, there is a lack of standardization of radiation prescription dosing and fractionation, and the mechanism of the impact of radiation in HO prevention remains unknown. Here, using an established mouse model of traumatic HO induced by burn and tenotomy, we demonstrate that 7Gy in one fraction delivered to the injury site within 72 hours postoperatively significantly decreases HO formation and improves hindlimb range of motion. In-depth single-cell transcriptomic analyses, in combination with immunofluorescent staining, demonstrate decreased cellular numbers as well as aberrant endochondral differentiation and downregulation of associated upstream signaling pathways in irradiated mesenchymal progenitor cells. Our study provides the framework for future mechanistic and clinically relevant studies exploring radiation efficacy in preventing HO formation.
An update on multiple system atrophy
Authors: Stankovic Iva , Kuijpers Mechteld , Kaufmann Horacio
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive synucleinopathy characterized by autonomic failure, parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia. Here, we provide an update on α-synuclein's role in MSA pathophysiology and review the new Movement Disorders Society (MDS) diagnostic criteria and the utility of α-synuclein-based biomarkers. We also highlight ongoing efforts toward clinical trial readiness and review potential disease-modifying therapies undergoing clinical trials.

Recent findings

A role of urinary tract infections in triggering α-synuclein aggregation and contribution of genes implicated in oligodendroglial development have been suggested in the MSA pathophysiology. The clinically probable MSA category of the new diagnostic criteria shows improved accuracy in early disease stages. Predictors of phenoconversion from pure autonomic failure to MSA are now better defined. Alpha-synuclein strains in CSF and serum, phosphorylated α-synuclein deposits in the skin, and brain α-synuclein pathology visualized using PET ligand [18F]ACI-12589 are emerging as valuable diagnostic tools. Clinical trials in MSA investigate drugs targeting α-synuclein aggregation or preventing α-synuclein expression, along with stem cell and gene therapies to halt disease progression.

New MSA diagnostic criteria and α-synuclein-based biomarkers may enhance diagnostic accuracy while promising therapies are in development to address disease progression.
Mediating role of right superior corona microstructural changes in linking attentional control and trait anxiety among youth with childhood maltreatment
Authors: Wang Junyi , Cheng Yuqin
Published: June 2024

This study explores the neural correlates between attentional control and trait anxiety among youth with a history of childhood maltreatment. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated the microstructural integrity of brain white matter, particularly focusing on the right superior corona radiata (SCA-R). A total of 173 university students with experiences of childhood maltreatment underwent behavioral assessments using the Attentional Control Scale and trait anxiety measurements via the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Our analysis found significant correlations between fractional anisotropy values in the SCA-R and trait anxiety levels, controlled for age and sex. Notably, SCA-R fractional anisotropy values partially mediated the relationship between attentional control and trait anxiety, suggesting a potential pathway through which attentional control could mitigate trait anxiety. These insights highlight attentional control as a potential mitigating factor against trait anxiety, particularly noting the partial mediation role of the SCA-R. Importantly, this study is descriptive and correlative, highlighting associations rather than causal relationships among the variables studied. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.
Enhanced transport of brain interstitial solutes mediated by stimulation of sensorimotor area in rats
Authors: Kim Evgenii , Van Reet Jared , Yoo Seung-Schik
Published: June 2024

Objective

Solute transport in the brain is essential for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that neuronal activity enhances the transport of cerebrospinal fluid solutes, but its impact on interstitial solute transport has not been established. In this study, we investigated whether neuronal activity affects the transport of interstitial solutes.

Methods

Fluorescent Texas Red ovalbumin was injected intracortically into the unilateral sensorimotor area of the Sprague–Dawley rats. Regional neuronal activity around the injection site was elicited by transdermal electrical stimulation of a corresponding forelimb for 90 min (n = 6). The control group of rats (n = 6) did not receive any electrical stimulation. Subsequently, the spatial distributions of the tracer over the cortical surface and from the brain sections were imaged and compared between two groups. The ovalbumin fluorescence from the cervical lymph nodes was also compared between the groups to evaluate the effect of neuronal activity on solute clearance from the brain.

Results

Tracer distribution over the brain surface/sections revealed a significantly higher uptake of ovalbumin in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injection among the stimulated animals compared to the unstimulated group. This difference, however, was not seen in the hemisphere contralateral to injection. A trace amount of ovalbumin in the lymph nodes was equivalent between the groups, which indicated a considerable time needed for interstitial solutes to be drained from the brain.

Conclusion

The results suggest that neuronal activity enhances interstitial solute transport, calling for further examination of ultimate routes and mechanisms for brain solute clearance.
Developing the OpenFlexure Microscope towards medical use: technical and social challenges of developing globally accessible hardware for healthcare
Authors: Knapper Joe , Whiteford Freya , Rosen Daniel , Wadsworth William , Stirling Julian , Mkindi Catherine , Mduda Joram , Sanga Valerian L. , Nyakyi Paul T. , Mboa Nkoudou Thomas Hervé , Jafsia Elisée , Fadanka Stephane , Hummel Kelsey , Anandasabapathy Sharmila , Bowman Richard
Published: June 2024

The OpenFlexure Microscope is an accessible, three-dimensional-printed robotic microscope, with sufficient image quality to resolve diagnostic features including parasites and cancerous cells. As access to lab-grade microscopes is a major challenge in global healthcare, the OpenFlexure Microscope has been developed to be manufactured, maintained and used in remote environments, supporting point-of-care diagnosis. The steps taken in transforming the hardware and software from an academic prototype towards an accepted medical device include addressing technical and social challenges, and are key for any innovation targeting improved effectiveness in low-resource healthcare.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Open, reproducible hardware for microscopy'.
Enhancement of growth media for extreme iron limitation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Southwell James W. , Wilson Keith S. , Thomas Gavin H. , Duhme-Klair Anne-Kathrin
Published: June 2024

A corrigendum of this article has been published full details can be found at

https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000887

Iron is an essential nutrient for microbial growth and bacteria have evolved numerous routes to solubilize and scavenge this biometal, which is often present at very low concentrations in host tissue. We recently used a MOPS-based medium to induce iron limitation in Escherichia coli K-12 during the characterization of novel siderophore-conjugated antibiotics. In this study we confirm that growth media derived from commercially available M9 salts are unsuitable for studies of iron-limited growth, probably through the contamination of the sodium phosphate buffer components with over 100 µM iron. In contrast, MOPS-based media that are treated with metal-binding Chelex resin allow the free iron concentration to be reduced to growth-limiting levels. Despite these measures a small amount of E. coli growth is still observed in these iron-depleted media. By growing E. coli in conditions that theoretically increase the demand for iron-dependent enzymes, namely by replacing the glucose carbon source for acetate and by switching to a microaerobic atmosphere, we can reduce background growth even further. Finally, we demonstrate that by adding an exogeneous siderophore to the growth media which is poorly used by E. coli, we can completely prevent growth, perhaps mimicking the situation in host tissue. In conclusion, this short study provides practical experimental insight into low iron media and how to augment the growth conditions of E. coli for extreme iron-limited growth.
Cooperativity of weak actomyosin interaction
Authors: Naskar Aarushi , Johnson Alexis , Nesmelov Yuri E.
Published: June 2024

We report the discovery of a new regulatory mechanism of the actomyosin system in muscle. We show that the weak binding of the myosin-nucleotide complex with unregulated F-actin is a cooperative process. Hundreds of myosin heads must work together for efficient force production in muscle, but the precise mechanism by which they coordinate remains elusive. It is known that myosin initially binds actin weakly, then transitions into a strongly bound state to produce force. Using the contiguous cooperative binding model, we interpreted our experimental results in terms of a cooperativity parameter defined as an increased probability for a myosin head to bind to the actin filament next to the already bound head. Considering the geometric organization of a sarcomere, we propose the formation of cross-bridge clusters composed of up to six myosin heads bound consecutively to actin. The cooperativity of weak actomyosin interaction may explain several challenging questions in muscle physiology, such as the role of myosin isoforms in mixed-isoform hybrid muscles, or the yield of supramaximal rate of force production in decorated skinned muscle fibers.

Significance Statement

Force in striated muscle results from myosin interacting with actin. Initially, myosin attaches weakly to the thin filament, transitioning to a strongly bound state, generating force. Our experiments show high cooperativity in myosin’s weak interaction with unregulated actin filament. This cooperative behavior may facilitate the formation of cross-bridge clusters and the cooperative steps of myosin heads between clusters. Consequently, the thin- and thick-filament regulation could govern the spacing between cross-bridge clusters and influence the probability of a myosin head stepping along the thin filament during force development in muscle.
Clinical features of puff adder envenoming: case series ofBitis arietanssnakebites in Kenya and a review of the literature
Authors: Tianyi Frank-Leonel , Ngari Cecilia , Wilkinson Mark C. , Parkurito Stanley , Chebet Elizabeth , Mumo Evans , Trelfa Anna , Otundo Dennis , Crittenden Edouard , Kephah Geoffrey Maranga , Harrison Robert A , Stienstra Ymkje , Casewell Nicholas R , Lalloo David G , Oluoch George O
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The puff adder (Bitis arietans) is a medically important snake species found across much of Africa, yet there is a limited understanding of the clinical features and pathophysiology of envenoming after a puff adder bite.

Methods

We conducted a case-series study to describe the clinical features of patients with puff adder bites who were treated in two primary healthcare facilities in Kenya and complemented our case-series with a review of all published cases of puff adder envenoming that contained sufficient clinical details to highlight the major features.

Results

Between December 2020 and September 2021, 15 patients were admitted with a suspected puff adder bite (based on the patient’s description of the biting snake or confirmed in patients who brought the dead snake or a picture of the biting snake for identification) at the Chemolingot and Mwingi sub-county hospitals in central Kenya. Common local and systemic features on admission included pain (n=15, 100%), swelling (n=14, 93%), and haemorrhage (n=9, 60%). Coagulopathy (n=2, 13%) and shock (n=1, 8%) were less common. In addition, we conducted a literature review and identified 23 studies with detailed descriptions of the clinical features of puff adder envenoming from 37 patients. Local features were common and consistent across cases - swelling (100%, n=37) and pain (95%, n=35). Systemic features were less consistent, with 10 (27%) patients exhibiting hypotension on admission, 10 (27%) patients reporting a fever, and 13 (35%) developing anaemia. Some complications were common in patients with bites by captive snakes (amputations), compared to patients with bites by wild snakes (hypotension). Snake identification was easier and more accurate after bites by captive snakes, but for patients bitten in community settings, identification was challenging and often less objective.

Conclusion

We combined clinical cases and a literature review to describe the common and less common clinical features of puff adder envenoming. Further clinical research with serial laboratory assays of patients with definitively identified puff adder bites is crucial to further understand the pathophysiology of envenoming by this medially important snake species.
Modelling cell type-specific lncRNA regulatory network in autism with Cycle
Authors: Xiong Chenchen , Zhang Mingfang , Yang Haolin , Wei Xuemei , Zhao Chunwen , Zhang Junpeng
Published: June 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of complex neurodevelopment disorders with high genetic heterogeneity. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vital regulators that perform specific functions within diverse cell types and play pivotal roles in neurological diseases including ASD. Therefore, studying the specific regulation of lncRNAs in various cell types is crucial for deciphering ASD molecular mechanisms. Existing computational methods utilize bulk transcriptomics data across all of cells or samples, which could reveal the commonalities of lncRNA regulation in the pathogenesis of ASD, but ignore the specificity of lncRNA regulation across various cell types. Here, we presentCycle(Cell type-specific lncRNA regulatory network) to construct the landscape of cell type-specific lncRNA regulation in ASD. We have found that each ASD cell type is unique in lncRNA regulation, and more than one-third and all of cell type-specific lncRNA regulatory networks are characterized as scale-free and small-world, respectively. Across 17 ASD cell types, we have discovered 19 rewired and 11 conserved modules, and eight rewired and three conserved hubs underlying within the discovered cell type-specific lncRNA regulatory networks. Moreover, the discovered rewired and conserved modules and hubs are significantly enriched in ASD-related terms. Furthermore, more similar ASD cell types tend to be connected with higher strength in the constructed cell similarity network. Finally, the comparison results demonstrate thatCycleis a potential method for uncovering cell type-specific lncRNA regulation.
The relative importance of host phylogeny and dietary convergence in shaping the bacterial communities hosted by several Sonoran DesertDrosophilaspecies
Authors: DuBose James G. , Crook Thomas Blake , Matzkin Luciano M. , Haselkorn Tamara S.
Published: June 2024

Complex eukaryotes vary greatly in the mode and extent that their evolutionary histories have been shaped by the microbial communities that they host. A general understanding of the evolutionary consequences of host-microbe symbioses requires that we understand the relative importance of host phylogenetic divergence and other ecological processes in shaping variation in host-associated microbial communities. To contribute to this understanding, we described the bacterial communities hosted by severalDrosophilaspecies native to the Sonoran Desert of North America. Our sampling consisted of four species that span multiple dietary shifts to cactophily, as well as the dietary generalistD. melanogaster, allowing us to partition the influences of host phylogeny and extant ecology. We found that bacterial communities were compositionally indistinguishable when considering incidence only but varied when considering the relative abundances of bacterial taxa. Variation in community composition was not explained by host phylogenetic divergence but could be partially explained by dietary variation. In support for an important role of diet as a source of ecological selection, we found that specialist cactophilicDrosophiladeviated more from neutral predictions than dietary generalists. Overall, our findings provide insight into the evolutionary and ecological factors that shape host-associated microbial communities in a natural context.
Assessing the Feasibility of Large Language Models to Identify Top Research Priorities in Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Authors: Gai Shengkun , Huang Fangwan , Liu Xuanyun , Benton Ryan G. , Borchert Glen M. , Huang Jingshan , Leng Xiuyu
Published: June 2024

Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP), as a non-invasive, cost-effective, and efficient adjunctive circulatory technique, has found increasingly widespread applications in the cardiovascular field. Numerous basic research and clinical observations have extensively confirmed the significant advantages of EECP in promoting blood flow perfusion to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. However, many potential mechanisms of EECP remain insufficiently validated, necessitating researchers to dedicate substantial time and effort to in-depth investigations. In this work, we attempted to use large language models (such as ChatGPT and Ernie Bot) to identify top research priorities in five key topics in the field of EECP: mechanisms, device improvements, cardiovascular applications, neurological applications, and other applications. After generating specific research priorities in each domain through language models, we invited a panel of nine experienced EECP experts to independently evaluate and score them based on four parameters: relevance, originality, clarity, and specificity. Notably, average and median scores for these evaluation parameters were high, indicating a strong endorsement from experts in the EECP field. Although further validation and refinement are required, this study preliminarily suggests that large language models like ChatGPT and Ernie Bot could serve as powerful tools for identifying and prioritizing research priorities in the EECP domain.
Assessing the impact of autologous neutralizing antibodies on rebound dynamics in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques
Authors: Mainou Ellie , Berendam Stella J , Obregon-Perko Veronica , Uffman Emilie A , Phan Caroline T , Shaw George M , Bar Katharine J , Kumar Mithra R , Fray Emily J , Siliciano Janet M , Siliciano Robert F , Silvestri Guido , Permar Sallie R , Fouda Genevieve G , McCarthy Janice , Chahroudi Ann , Chan Cliburn , Conway Jessica M
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The presence of antibodies against HIV in infected children is associated with a greater capacity to control viremia in the absence of therapy. While the benefits of early antiretroviral treatment (ART) in infants are well documented, early ART may interfere with the development of antibody responses. In contrast to adults, early treated children lack detectable HIV-specific antibodies, suggesting a fundamental difference in HIV pathogenesis. Despite this potential adverse effect, early ART may decrease the size of the latent reservoir established early in infection in infants, which can be beneficial in viral control. Understanding the virologic and immunologic aspects of pediatric HIV is crucial to inform innovative targeted strategies for treating children living with HIV. In this study, we investigate how ART initiation time sets the stage for trade-offs in the latent reservoir establishment and the development of humoral immunity and how these, in turn, affect post-treatment dynamics. We also elucidate the biological function of antibodies in pediatric HIV. We employ mathematical modeling coupled with experimental data from an infant nonhuman primate Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) infection model. Infant Rhesus macaques (RMs) were orally challenged with SHIV.C.CH505 375H dCT four weeks after birth and started treatment at different times after infection. In addition to viral load measurements, antibody responses and latent reservoir sizes were measured. We estimate model parameters by fitting viral load measurements to the standard HIV viral dynamics model within a nonlinear fixed effects framework. This approach allows us to capture differences between rhesus macaques (RMs) that develop antibody responses or exhibit high latent reservoir sizes compared to those that do not. We find that neutralizing antibody responses are associated with increased viral clearance and decreased viral infectivity but decreased death rate of infected cells. In addition, the presence of detectable latent reservoir is associated with less robust immune responses. These results demonstrate that both immune response and latent reservoir dynamics are needed to understand post-rebound dynamics and point to the necessity of a comprehensive approach in tailoring personalized medical interventions.
Epidemiological Trends and Economic Burden of Genital Warts in Dutch Primary Care
Authors: Veijer C , Bes J , Dolk C , Postma MJ , de Jong LA
Published: June 2024

Background

This study aims to describe the epidemiological trends and estimate the economic burden of genital warts (GW) in Dutch primary care.

Methods

A retrospective, non-interventional, multiyear study (2011-2021) was performed using data from the Nivel Primary Care Database. Changes in incidence by age group, sex, and level of urbanisation of individuals with GW and associated healthcare resource use (general practitioner consultations, prescribed medication, and referrals) were estimated over the 11-year period. Total annual healthcare costs and cost per incident case were estimated via a bottom-up gross costing approach.

Results

Between 2011 and 2021, GW incidence increased, which was especially seen in men (from 2.0 to 3.5 per 1 000 inhabitants) and to a lesser extent in women (from 1.9 to 2.1 per 1 000 inhabitants). GW incidence was most common in age group 20-29 years (men: 43.6%; women: 50.7%) and highly urbanised areas. Medication was prescribed in 61.4% of GW cases, and 5.4% of GW patients were referred to secondary care. Total costs in Dutch primary care increased by 108% from EUR 2.3 million in 2011 to EUR 4.9 million in 2021. The cost per incident case also showed an increasing trend from EUR 72 in 2011 to EUR 99 in 2021. Referrals to secondary care resulted in a 14-30% increase of total costs.

Conclusions

This study provides novel insights into recent epidemiological trends of GW and its associated costs in Dutch primary care. Incidence especially increased among men and total annual costs of GW in primary care doubled between 2011 and 2021.
Deep learning-based interpretable prediction of recurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Naji Hussein , Pisula Juan I. , Ugliano Stefano , Simon Adrian , Büttner Reinhard , Bożek Katarzyna
Published: June 2024

Background

The heterogeneous and aggressive nature of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presents significant treatment challenges as up to 50% of patients experience recurrence of disease after chemotherapy. Upfront detection of recurring patients could offer alternative treatments. Deep learning has shown potential in predicting recurrence of various cancer types but suffers from lack of interpretability. Particularly in prediction of recurrence, an understanding of the model’s decision could eventually result in novel treatments.

Methods

We developed a deep learning-based pipeline to predict recurrence of DLBCL based on histological images of a publicly available cohort. We utilized attention-based classification to highlight areas within the images that were of high relevance for the model’s classification. Subsequently, we segmented the nuclei within these areas, calculated morphological features, and statistically analyzed them to find differences between recurred and non-recurred patients.

Results

We achieved an f1 score of 0.83 indicating that our model can distinguish non-recurred from recurred patients. Additionally, we found that features that are the most predictive of recurrence include large and irregularly shaped tumor cell nuclei.

Discussion

Our work underlines the value of histological images in predicting treatment outcomes and enhances our understanding of complex biological processes in aggressive, heterogeneous cancers like DLBCL.
QCD analysis of valence structure functions using deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering
Authors: Shahrzad Javad , Khorramian Ali
Published: June 2024

A new “” nonsinglet QCD analysis of the structure functions at the NNLO approximation is performed, utilizing the global fit of the data from various charged lepton scattering experiments. We extract the valence parton distribution functions (PDFs) and provide a parametrization of them, along with the correlated errors for a wide range of x and Q2. We compare valence PDFs and their uncertainties with those from different PDF sets provided by various groups. We also obtain valence PDFs and the strong coupling constant αs(MZ2), taking into account the nuclear correction concerning large x as well as the target mass correction (TMC) and higher twist (HT) effects at the NNLO. In the large x region, we extract the higher twist contributions of xF3(x,Q2), F2p(x,Q2), and F2d(x,Q2). We determine αs(MZ2) without and with considering the TMC and HT corrections and perform a comparison with the world average of αs(MZ2) and other reported results. The extracted results concerning valence PDFs with their uncertainties and αs(MZ2) value agree with available theoretical models.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum initial conditions for curved inflating universes
Authors: Letey M. I. , Shumaylov Z. , Agocs F. J. , Handley W. J. , Hobson M. P. , Lasenby A. N.
Published: June 2024

We discuss the challenges of motivating, constructing, and quantizing a canonically normalized inflationary perturbation in spatially curved universes. We show that this has historically proved challenging due to the interaction of nonadiabaticity with spatial curvature. We construct a novel curvature perturbation that is canonically normalized in the sense of its equation of motion and is unique up to a single scalar parameter. With this construction it becomes possible to set initial conditions invariant under canonical transformations, overcoming known ambiguities in the literature. This corrected quantization has potentially observational consequences via modifications to the primordial power spectrum at large angular scales, as well as theoretical implications for quantization procedures in curved cosmologies filled with a scalar field.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spheres and fibers in turbulent flows at various Reynolds numbers
Authors: Cannon Ianto , Olivieri Stefano , Rosti Marco E.
Published: June 2024

We perform fully coupled numerical simulations using immersed boundary methods of finite-size spheres and fibers suspended in a turbulent flow for a range of Taylor-Reynolds numbers 12.8<Reλ<442 and solid mass fractions 0≤M≤1. Both spheres and fibers reduce the turbulence intensity with respect to the single-phase flow at all Reynolds numbers, with fibers causing a more significant reduction than the spheres. The particles' effect on the anomalous dissipation tends to vanish as Re→∞. A scale-by-scale analysis shows that both particle shapes provide a “spectral shortcut” to the flow, but the shortcut extends further into the dissipative range in the case of fibers. Multifractal spectra of the near-particle dissipation show that spheres enhance dissipation in two-dimensional sheets, and fibers enhance the dissipation in structures with a dimension greater than one and less than two. In addition, we show that spheres suppress vortical flow structures, whereas fibers produce structures which completely overcome the turbulent vortex stretching behavior in their vicinity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Random singlet-like state in the dimer-based triangular antiferromagnet
Ba6Y2Rh2Ti2O17−δ
Authors: Lee Wonjun , Yoon Sungwon , Jeon Sungmin , Cai Yipeng , Kojima Kenji , Nguyen Loi T. , Cava R. J. , Choi Kwang-Yong , Lee Suheon
Published: June 2024

We present the magnetic, thermodynamic, and muon spin relaxation (μSR) results of the dimer-based triangular antiferromagnet Ba6Y2Rh2Ti2O17−δ. The magnetic susceptibility data show the sub-Curie-Weiss behavior χ(T)∝T−αχ below 100 K, suggesting random magnetism. The isothermal magnetization results reveal the presence of weakly interacting structural orphan spins about 6.1% at 2 K, arising from the oxygen deficiency. The comprehensive μSR experiments exhibit the coexisting relaxing and nonrelaxing components along with the thermally activated behavior in the muon spin relaxation rate, reflecting the fluctuating orphan spins in the dimer singlet background. In addition, we observe the scaling behavior of M(H,T) in H/T and Pz(t) in t/HLF with the scaling exponents αχ=αM=0.75 and αμ=0.72, respectively, but not for the magnetic specific heat data. The failure of the scaling relation in Cm(H,T)/T implies low-energy excitations dressed by the conventional orphan spins. Based on these observations, we find that the magnetic ground state resembles random singlets and discuss the possible configurations of the spin dimer unit Rh2O9. Our results shed light on the role of quenched disorder in the dimer-based frustrated magnets.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Matrix product study of spin fractionalization in the one-dimensional Kondo insulator
Authors: Chen Jing , Stoudenmire E. Miles , Komijani Yashar , Coleman Piers
Published: June 2024

The Kondo lattice is one of the classic examples of strongly correlated electronic systems. We conduct a controlled study of the Kondo lattice in one dimension, highlighting the role of excitations created by the composite fermion operator. Using time-dependent matrix product state methods, we compute various correlation functions and contrast them with both large-N mean-field theory and the strong-coupling expansion. We show that the composite fermion operator creates long-lived, charge-e and spin-1/2 excitations, which cover the low-lying single-particle excitation spectrum of the system. Furthermore, spin excitations can be thought to be composed of such fractionalized quasiparticles with a residual interaction which tend to disappear at weak Kondo coupling.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Linear theory of the spatial signatures of critical slowing down
Authors: Tirabassi Giulio
Published: June 2024

Critical slowing down is considered one of the main signs that a dynamical system is close to a tipping point. For this reason, early-warning indicators have been developed to identify it, mainly based on the temporal evolution of the system under analysis. Yet, it has been shown that critical slowing down also displays spatial signatures, such as an increase in the spatial correlation. However, these signatures are based only on heuristic observations and the analysis of numerical simulations and do not have a sound theoretical foundation. In this work I will derive analytical expressions for typical spatial early-warning indicators of critical transitions in spatially extended systems, such as spatial correlation, spatial variance, and spatial permutation entropy, in the linearized limit. As a result, I will show that the common belief that the spatial correlation increases when a bifurcation is imminent is false. Other indicators, instead, might represent more robust alternatives, such as the spatial permutation entropy or the spatial variance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Steady-state phases and interaction-induced depletion in a driven-dissipative chirally-coupled dissimilar atomic array
Authors: Chung Shao-Hong , Handayana I Gusti Ngurah Yudi , Tsao Yi-Lin , Wu Chun-Chi , Lin G.-D. , Jen H. H.
Published: June 2024

A nanophotonic waveguide coupled with an atomic array forms one of the strongly coupled quantum interfaces to showcase many fascinating collective features of quantum dynamics. In particular, for a dissimilar array of two different interparticle spacings with competing photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions and directionality of couplings, we study the steady-state phases of atomic excitations under a weakly driven condition of laser field. We identify a partial set of steady-state phases of the driven system composed of combinations of steady-state solutions in a homogeneous array. We also reveal the intricate role of the atom at the interface of the dissimilar array in determining the steady-state phases and find an alteration in the dichotomy of the phases strongly associated with steady-state distributions with crystalline orders. We further investigate in detail the interaction-induced depletion in half of the dissimilar array, where the blockaded region results from two contrasting interparticle spacings near the reciprocal coupling regime. This can be further evidenced from the analytical solutions under the reciprocal coupling. Our results can provide insights in the driven-dissipative quantum phases of atomic excitations with nonreciprocal couplings and pave the avenues toward quantum simulations of exotic many-body states essential for quantum information applications.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Symmetry-group-protected microfluidics
Authors: Gonzalez Jeremias , Gopinathan Ajay , Liu Bin
Published: June 2024

Modern micromanipulation techniques typically involve trapping using electromagnetic, acoustic, or flow fields that produce stresses on the trapped particles thereby precluding stress-free manipulations. Here, we show that by employing polyhedral symmetries in a multichannel microfluidic design, we can separate the tasks of displacing and trapping a particle into two distinct sets of flow operations, each characterized and protected by their unique groups of symmetries. By combining only the displacing uniform flow modes to entrain and move targeted particles in arbitrary directions, we were able to realize symmetry-protected, stress-free micromanipulation in 3D. Furthermore, we engineered complex, microscale paths by programming and controlling the flow within each channel in real time, resulting in multiple particles simultaneously following desired paths in the absence of any supervision or feedback. Our work therefore provides a general symmetry-group-based framework for understanding and engineering microfluidics and a novel platform for 3D stress-free manipulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Emergence of a potential charge-disproportionated insulating state in
SrCrO3
Authors: Carta Alberto , Panda Anwesha , Ederer Claude
Published: June 2024

We use a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) to investigate the potential emergence of a charge-disproportionated insulating phase in SrCrO3, whereby the Cr cations disproportionate according to 3Cr4+→2Cr3++Cr6+ and arrange in ordered planes perpendicular to the cubic [111] direction. We show that the charge disproportionation couples to a structural distortion where the oxygen octahedra around the nominal Cr6+ sites contract, while the octahedra surrounding the Cr3+ sites expand and distort. Our results indicate that the charge-disproportionated phase can be stabilized for realistic values of the Hubbard U and Hund's J parameters, but this requires a scaling of the DFT+DMFT double-counting correction by at least 35%. The disproportionated state can also be stabilized in DFT+U calculations for a specific magnetic configuration with antiparallel magnetic moments on adjacent Cr3+ sites and no magnetic moment on the Cr6+ sites. While this phase is higher in energy than other magnetic states that can arise in SrCrO3, the presence of an energy minimum suggests that the charge-disproportionated state represents a metastable state of SrCrO3.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Graph Atomic Cluster Expansion for Semilocal Interactions beyond Equivariant Message Passing
Authors: Bochkarev Anton , Lysogorskiy Yury , Drautz Ralf
Published: June 2024

The atomic cluster expansion provides local, complete basis functions that enable efficient parametrization of many-atom interactions. We extend the atomic cluster expansion to incorporate graph basis functions. This naturally leads to representations that enable the efficient description of semilocal interactions in physically and chemically transparent form. Simplification of the graph expansion by tensor decomposition results in an iterative procedure that comprises current message-passing machine learning interatomic potentials. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the graph atomic cluster expansion for a number of small molecules, clusters, and a general-purpose model for carbon. We further show that the graph atomic cluster expansion scales linearly with the number of neighbors and layer depth of the graph basis functions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Optimization of Time-Ordered Processes in the Finite and Asymptotic Regimes
Authors: Weilenmann Mirjam , Budroni Costantino , Navascués Miguel
Published: June 2024

Many problems in quantum information theory can be formulated as optimizations over the sequential outcomes of dynamical systems subject to unpredictable external influences. Such problems include many-body entanglement detection through adaptive measurements, computing the maximum average score of a preparation game over a continuous set of target states, and limiting the behavior of a (quantum) finite-state automaton. In this work, we introduce tractable relaxations of this class of optimization problems. To illustrate their performance, we use them to: (a) compute the probability that a finite-state automaton outputs a given sequence of bits; (b) develop a new many-body entanglement-detection protocol; and (c) let the computer an adaptive protocol for magic state detection. As we further show, the maximum score of a sequential problem in the limit of infinitely many time steps is in general incomputable. Nonetheless, we provide general heuristics to bound this quantity and show that they provide useful estimates in relevant scenarios.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Machine Learning for short-term property rental pricing based on seasonality and proximity to food establishments
Authors: Cervera Diego de Jaureguizar , de Esteban Curiel Javier , Pérez-Bustamante Yábar Diana C.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Short-term rentals (STRs) (like Airbnb) are reshaping social behaviour, notably in gastronomy, altering how people dine while travelling. This study delves into revenue management, examining the impact of seasonality and dining options near guests’ Airbnb. Machine Learning analysis of Airbnb data suggests owners enhance revenue strategies by adjusting prices seasonally, taking nearby food amenities into account.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analysed 220 Airbnb establishments from Madrid, Spain, using consistent monthly price data from Seetransparent and environment variables from MapInfo GIS. The Machine Learning algorithm calculated average prices, determined seasonal prices, applied factor analysis to categorise months and used cluster analysis to identify tourism-dwelling typologies with similar seasonal behaviour, considering nearby supermarkets/restaurants by factors such as proximity and availability of food options.

Findings

The findings reveal seasonal variations in three groups, using Machine Learning to improve revenue management: Group 1 has strong autumn-winter patterns and fewer restaurants; Group 2 shows higher spring seasonality, likely catering to tourists, and has more restaurants, while Group 3 has year-round stability, fewer supermarkets and active shops, potentially affecting local restaurant dynamics. Food establishments in these groups may need to adapt their strategies accordingly to capitalise on these seasonal trends.

Originality/value

Current literature lacks information on how seasonality, rental housing and proximity to amenities are interconnected. The originality of this study is to fill this gap by enhancing the STR price predictive model through a Machine Learning study. By examining seasonal trends, rental housing dynamics, and the proximity of supermarkets and restaurants to STR properties, the research enhances our understanding and predictions of STR price fluctuations, particularly in relation to the availability and demand for food options.
Sustain or perish: how lean manufacturing practices predict the sustainable performance of manufacturing SMEs? A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Al-Swidi Abdullah Kaid , Al-Hakimi Mohammed A. , Al-Hattami Hamood Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how lean manufacturing practices (LMPs) predict sustainable performance (SP) in the context of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in less developed countries, like Yemen. In particular, it investigates the mediating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) under different levels of competitive intensity (CI).

Design/methodology/approach

Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze data gathered from a survey of 259 Yemeni manufacturing SMEs.

Findings

The findings confirm that LMPs affect CSR, which in turn affects SP. This study also confirms that LMPs have a positive indirect effect on SP through CSR, which diminished in the presence of CI.

Practical implications

This study provides useful insights for policymakers and firms’ managers, who are anticipated to show a higher commitment to CSR in their firms when adopting LMPs to enhance their firms’ SP, especially under a low level of CI.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to expanding knowledge on the effect of LMPs on SP through CSR constrained by the level of CI.
Experimental study on operating characteristics of rotor-bearing system lubricated by gallium-based liquid metal
Authors: Wei Chunjie , Chen Qi , Xu Jimin , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the operating characteristics of gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) by directly adding them as lubricants in real mechanical equipment.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducts an analysis of the rotor-bearing system under GLM lubrication using a constructed test rig, focusing on vibration signals, surface characteristics of the friction pair, contact resistance and temperature rise features.

Findings

The study reveals that GLM can effectively improve the lubrication condition of the tribo-pair, leading to a more stable vibration signal in the system. Surface analysis demonstrates that GLM can protect the sample surface from wear, and phase separation occurs during the experimental process. Test results of contact resistance indicate that, in addition to enhancing the interfacial conductivity, GLM also generates a fluid dynamic pressure effect. The high thermal conductivity and anti-wear effects of GLM can reduce the temperature rise of the tribo-pair, but precautions should be taken to prevent oxidation and the loss of its fluidity.

Originality/value

The overall operating characteristics of the rotor-bearing system under GLM lubrication were investigated to provide new ideas for the lubrication of the rotor-bearing system.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2024-0067/