bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dephenolization Methods, Quality Characteristics, Applications, and Advancements of Dephenolized Cottonseed Protein: Review
Authors: Huang Xuegang , Hu Yumeng , Li Zhenyuan , Jiao Bo , Ma Xiaojie , Guo Qin , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2025

Dephenolized cottonseed protein is a high-protein product obtained through the further dephenolization of cottonseed meal or by removing the lint and shell of cottonseed, extracting the oil at a low temperature, and subsequently eliminating toxic substances (gossypol). This paper presents a review of the latest advancements in the dephenolization methods, quality characteristics, and application domains of dephenolized cottonseed protein. It focuses on enhanced dephenolization methods, and summarizes the composition, structural characteristics, functional properties, and recent research developments. Additionally, it identifies challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future research on dephenolized cottonseed protein, which will contribute to advancing the field of dephenolized cottonseed protein research.
The Effectiveness of Additional Information Provided Before Colonoscopy Regarding Bowel Preparation
Authors: Berhuni Mehmet Sait , Yönder Hüseyin , Elkan Hasan , Yüksekyayla Baran , Uzunköy Ali
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of patient education provided through one-on-one verbal instruction supported by visual media tools for bowel preparation prior to a colonoscopy procedure. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients who underwent colonoscopy in our clinic’s endoscopy unit between April 2024 and August 2024. The study design included two groups: the control group (CG), wherein patients scheduled for a colonoscopy received standard information about the procedure at the outpatient clinic, and the information group (IG), wherein patients were invited to the clinic 5 days before the procedure and received an interactive education session lasting approximately 10 min in addition to the standard information. The adequacy of bowel preparation was evaluated using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Results: This study included 228 patients, with 114 patients in each group. Of the patients, 137 were male (60.08%) and 91 were female (39.92%). The mean age of the patients was 49.41 ± 15.04 years, the mean BMI was 27.48 ± 4.23, and the mean BBPS score was 7.38 ± 1.96. The mean BBPS score of the patients in the IG and CG was 7.76 ± 1.84 and 7.00 ± 2.01, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Additional information provided prior to the colonoscopy procedure was identified as an effective parameter on adequate bowel preparation.
Knowledge of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Characteristics, Signs, Symptoms, and Appropriate Treatment Among Portuguese Pharmacy Professionals
Authors: Oliveira Tiago , Jesus Ângelo , Martins João P. , Correia Patrícia , Moreira Fernando
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common cause of vaginitis. Over-the-counter drugs are usually dispensed by pharmacy professionals to treat this condition without prior medical consultation. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of Portuguese pharmacy professionals regarding VVC. Methods: An online questionnaire including questions about the symptoms and treatment of VVC was distributed between March and April of 2024. Results: A total of 376 professionals participated in this study. There was a significantly lower proportion of men (p = 0.007) and pharmacy technicians (p = 0.005) who correctly identified the main causative agent of VVC when compared to women and pharmacists. Only 30% of women correctly identified the number of VVC episodes in the same year they classified as complicated, but this was significantly higher (p = 0.038) than the proportion of men who identified complicated VVC (20%). Topical clotrimazole preparations were the more frequently identified medicines for the treatment of uncomplicated VVC, and fluconazole-containing medicines were the preferred choice for the treatment of complicated VVC. Conclusions: This study highlights the need to improve education and training for pharmacy professionals. By addressing these knowledge gaps, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians can provide more accurate and effective advice to patients.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Pyrethrin and EβF Biosynthesis in Tanacetum cinerariifolium Stems and Flowers
Authors: Zeng Tuo , Li Jiawen , Wang Caiyun , Li Jinjin
Published: February 2025

Tanacetum cinerariifolium, a perennial Asteraceae plant, is renowned for its ornamental value and natural insecticidal compounds, especially pyrethrins. These compounds, primarily stored in flower heads, are highly effective as insecticides with low toxicity to mammals, making them crucial for organic agriculture, along with the sesquiterpene (E)-β-farnesene (EβF), play critical roles in T. cinerariifolium defense mechanisms. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of these secondary metabolites in stems and flower heads, as well as their regulatory mechanisms, remain unclear. This study investigated the biosynthesis and regulation of pyrethrins and EβF across developmental stages (S1–S4) in flowers and stems using GC-MS and transcriptomics. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of pyrethrin biosynthetic genes was not synchronized with pyrethrin accumulation. The main pyrethrin biosynthetic genes exhibited coordinated expression patterns, peaking during early flowering stages (S1–S2), while pyrethrin accumulation was primarily observed during mid-flower development. In contrast, the biosynthetic genes of EβF showed synchronized expression with EβF accumulation, with the highest activity observed in stems and early flowers. WGCNA identified jasmonic acid signaling, trichome differentiation, and terpene transport pathways as potentially associated with pyrethrin biosynthesis. Hub genes including MYC2 were identified as playing pivotal roles in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the regulation and biosynthesis of pyrethrins and EβF, offering a foundation for optimizing bioactive compound production and advancing sustainable pest management strategies.
Functional Capacity Impairment in Long COVID After 17 Months of Severe Acute Disease
Authors: Borges Fernanda Facioli dos Reis , Braga Andrezza Cristina Barbosa , Viana Bernardo Silva , Valente Jefferson , Bemfica João Marcos , Sant’Anna Thaís , Goulart Cássia da Luz , Almeida-Val Fernando , Arêas Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco
Published: February 2025

Long COVID represents a significant challenge in understanding the prolonged impact of the disease. Despite its increasing recognition, detailed insights into the long-term cardiopulmonary consequences remain sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the functional capacity of individuals with persistent symptoms after severe COVID-19 infection compared to control individuals without symptomatic COVID or mild COVID after 17 months. This is a case-control study assessing 34 individuals divided into two groups regarding functional capacity by distance in a 6-min walk test (D6MWT) associated with gas analysis, spirometry, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life. During the 6 MWT, an important lower heart rate (HR) was observed for the COVID group (106 ± 10 bpm, difference mean: 21.3; p < 0.001), with greater exertional perception (Borg dyspnea: 4.5 [2.0–9.0], p < 0.001 and Borg fatigue: 4.0 [2.0–7.0], p = 0.01), a significant decrease in the distance covered (416 ± 94 m, difference mean: 107; p = 0.002), and a low value of O2 uptake (V˙O2) (11 ± 5.0 mL/(kg min), difference mean: 8.3; p = 0.005) and minute ventilation (22 ± 8 L/min, difference mean: 18.6; p = 0.002), in addition to very low quality of life scores. Regression analysis showed a significant association between D6MWT and Borg fatigue and Borg dyspnea at rest (p = 0.003; p = 0.009). V˙O2 and HR were also significantly associated with the outcomes of the D6MWT (p = 0.04 and p = 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, individuals who have severe COVID-19 and persist with symptoms have low functional capacity, low V˙O2, low HR behavior, and low quality of life.
Developing a Spatial Analysis-Based Model for Assessing Investment Potential in Local Self-Government Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Lisjak Josip , Tomić Hrvoje , Rončević Ante , Cetl Vlado
Published: February 2025

The paper presents research on investigating the possible impact of spatial characteristics of a certain location on its investment potential, in a general sense. By applying multi-criteria decision analysis with the AHP method, a model for the investment potential assessment at the level of local self-government units in Republic of Croatia is developed and presented. By applying the model, the investment potential index is calculated for sample LGUs in Croatia. The model is tested using a calculated and published development index of each LGU in Croatia and the calculated investment potential index. The development index is observed to be a measure of the success of previous investments and economic action in the LGU. The statistical tests returned positive results, confirming the statistical significance and validity of the model.
Harnessing Odorant Receptor Activation to Suppress Real Malodor
Authors: Kanemaki Reina , Kishigami Kahori , Saito Mei , Yohda Masafumi , Fukutani Yosuke
Published: February 2025

Mammals, including humans, sense smell by the responses of odorant receptors (ORs) to odor molecules. We have developed an effective method to identify novel antagonists capable of suppressing the pungent odor of cat urine by targeting specific ORs. Since odors are typically complex mixtures of multiple volatile compounds, olfactory perception can vary depending on the composition. We analyzed the response of ORs to cat urine odor using vapor stimulation assays to identify the responding ORs. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was then performed to identify compounds eliciting responses from these ORs. Trace-amine-associated receptor 5 (TAAR5) demonstrated a significant response associated with the odor intensity of cat urine, identifying trimethylamine as a major contributor to the strong odor. From hundreds of candidate compounds, we identified several novel antagonists that exhibited greater efficacy than a known TAAR5 antagonist. These compounds not only reduced the responses of TAAR5-expressing cells to cat urine odor but also significantly reduced odor intensity and improved sensory pleasantness in human tests. Our findings suggest that targeting ORs responsive to specific odors, without isolating their individual components, is a promising strategy for developing deodorizing agents against complex malodors like cat urine odor. This study emphasizes the value of using real odor mixtures to enhance our understanding of odor perception.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Osteoarthritis: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions
Authors: Yang Rong-Sen , Chan Ding-Cheng , Chung Yao-Pang , Liu Shing-Hwa
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health concern. Osteoarthritis (OA), a common form of arthritis, has been shown to have a dramatically increased prevalence, particularly among individuals aged 40–50 and older, in the presence of CKD. Furthermore, CKD may exacerbate the progression and impact of OA. A survey study revealed that 53.9% of CKD patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis were diagnosed with OA. These findings underscore the potential association between CKD and OA. Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, transforming growth factor-β, and advanced glycation end-products, are regarded as potential risk factors in various CKD-related conditions, affecting bone and joint metabolism. However, whether these factors serve as a bridging mechanism between CKD and OA comorbidities, as well as their detailed roles in this context, remains unclear. Addressing the progression of OA in CKD patients and identifying effective treatment and prevention strategies is an urgent challenge that warrants immediate attention. This review focuses on describing and discussing the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying CKD-associated OA and the possible therapeutic strategies.
Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Dryocrassin ABBA Against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Wang Wenzhong , Zhang Dongrui , Thomsen Pia Heltoft , Sun Meng , Chang Ying
Published: February 2025

Potato Fusarium dry rot and wilt are the most important soil- and seed-borne diseases in potatoes. They cause high economic losses during potato growth and storage across the world. Previous observations have shown that dryocrassin ABBA can induce resistance in potatoes. However, little is known about whether dryocrassin ABBA can suppress Fusarium oxysporum. In this research, we determined that exogenous dryocrassin ABBA significantly inhibited the mycelial growth, changed the cell ultrastructure, increased the MDA content, and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity of F. oxysporum. The transcriptome analysis of F. oxysporum with or without dryocrassin ABBA indicated that 1244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 594 were upregulated and 650 were downregulated. GO term analysis showed that the DEGs were mostly related to biological processes. The KEGG pathway was mainly related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, most of the expressions of PCWDEs, HSPs, and MFS were downregulated, decreasing the stress capacity and weakening the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum with dryocrassin ABBA treatment. These findings contribute to a new understanding of the direct functions of dryocrassin ABBA on F. oxysporum and provide a potential ecofriendly biocontrol approach for potato Fusarium dry rot and wilt.
Smart Monitoring System for Temperature and Relative Humidity Adapted to the Specific Needs of the Colombian Pharmaceutical Service
Authors: Cabezas Maria Paula , Carvajal Juan David , Vivas Fulvio Yesid , Lopez Diego Mauricio
Published: February 2025

Patient safety (PS) is essential in medical care, and preventing medication errors (MEs) is key to guaranteeing it. In Colombia, pharmaceutical services must comply with regulations that require adequate environmental monitoring to ensure medication quality. This study aims to propose an IoT-based smart system that automatizes temperature and relative humidity monitoring in the Colombian pharmaceutical service (CPS). Using the model for IoT platform design as a methodology, an efficient and flexible architecture that integrates data quality management (DQM) dimensions to improve the accuracy and reliability of the system was designed. In addition, tests based on the agile quadrant methodology demonstrate, as a result, its effectiveness, highlighting its ability to optimize environmental monitoring, prevent MEs, and improve PS. The successful implementation of this IoT-based smart system shows its potential in the pharmaceutical sector, offering an innovative solution that reduces risks and improves the quality of drug storage.
An Interobserver Comparison of the Ultrasound Lexicon Classification of Thyroid Nodules: A Single-Center Prospective Validation Study
Authors: Uysal Ender , Yangoz Burak , Sagan Mustafa , Duman Ismet , Alparslan Ahmet Sukru
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Guidelines for the risk stratification of thyroid nodules are based on certain well-recognized sonographic features of nodules. However, significant variations in reported sensitivity and specificity values are observed due to the overlap of imaging characteristics between benign and malignant nodules. Additionally, differences in ultrasound (US) equipment and the varying experience levels of radiologists performing the imaging procedures contribute to these discrepancies. Inevitably, there are also interobserver differences. The aim of this study was to investigate interobserver agreement on these criteria using the international thyroid imaging reporting and data system (I-TIRADS) thyroid evaluation framework, independently assessed by three residents and one consultant. Methods: We included 393 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) within four months. In each case, longitudinal and transverse video images of the thyroid gland, neck chain, and biopsied nodules were recorded. The evaluations of the parameters defined in the I-TIRADS dictionary were then performed by a radiologist with 15 years of experience and radiology assistants with 3, 3, and 2 years of experience, respectively, blinded to the images, pathology data, and patient demographics. The parameters evaluated included composition, echogenicity, margin, direction of growth, calcification, extension beyond the thyroid, and lymph node. An interobserver comparison between the US lexicon classifications of thyroid nodules was then performed. Results: The results of our study showed that the highest level of consensus was observed in the ‘mixed predominantly cystic’ classification, indicating a solid consistency between the assessors (κ = 0.729). Conversely, the subcategories ‘Solid’, ‘Mixed Predominantly Solid’ and ‘Spongiform’ showed moderate agreement, while the “Pure Cyst” subcategory exhibited the lowest level of agreement among the assessors (κ = 0.292). Agreement among the three radiology assistants was strong concerning the evaluation of nodule composition, growth direction, and lymph node assessment. In contrast, a moderate level of consensus was noted regarding the assessment of extrathyroidal extension, margins, and echogenicity. Notably, the parameter exhibiting moderate agreement across all readers was the presence of echogenic foci or calcifications. Conclusions: the reproducibility observed in the parameters defined within the lexicon supports its potential to enhance consistency and interobserver agreement in thyroid nodule assessment.
The Validity and Reliability of the Polish Version of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module for Pediatric Patients (Aged 2–18)
Authors: Leszkowicz Julia , Kasprowicz-Janisz Małgorzata , Kotarska Anna , Nazar Wojciech , Dettlaff-Dunowska Magdalena , Napora Justyna , Mazurek Tomasz , Plata-Nazar Katarzyna , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Health-related quality of life has come to the forefront of the process of treatment. As a non-quantitative value, it requires the use of specialized tools to be measured. Despite the availability of general HRQoL assessment tools in Polish, a specific instrument for children with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders has not been developed. This study aims to describe the linguistic validity and reliability of the Polish version of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module, which measured health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Methods: The PedsQL™ module, originally in English, was translated according to a structured process. Professional medical translators conducted the translations, and cognitive debriefing was performed with 35 respondents. Field testing involved 371 completed questionnaires (203 adults and 168 children). Results: Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, with values generally exceeding 0.8 indicating high reliability. Conclusions: The final Polish version of the PedsQL™ GI Symptoms Module exhibits strong linguistic and content validity, making it suitable for both clinical trials and routine practice. Its use enables a comprehensive, culturally sensitive assessment of HRQoL in pediatric patients with GI disorders, thereby supporting individualized patient care and enhancing the physician–patient communication that is essential for effective treatment.
Diagnostic Challenges in the Management of Aortic Valve Stenosis and the Role of Imaging: A Narrative Review
Authors: Karelas Dimitrios , Tatsis Evangelos , Oikonomidis Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Constantinos Hristou
Published: February 2025

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a prevalent and progressive valvular disease that poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in low-flow, low-gradient (LF-LG) states. Accurate assessment of AS severity is crucial for timely intervention and improved clinical outcomes. This narrative review critically evaluates the limitations of conventional echocardiographic techniques and explores the role of multimodal imaging—including advanced echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)—in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Special emphasis is placed on the unique challenges of LF-LG AS, where standard Doppler-derived assessments may misclassify disease severity, necessitating a more integrative diagnostic approach. By addressing these key diagnostic uncertainties and proposing a multimodal framework for improved assessment, this review provides a comprehensive update on best practices in AS evaluation, with the goal of optimizing clinical decision making and patient outcomes.
Approaches to Collective Cognition in the Historic Centre of Madrid: An Erasmus Interdisciplinary Experience
Authors: Alcindor Mónica , Müllauer-Seichter Waltraud , De Gregorio Hurtado Sonia , Medeiros Leonor , Loda Mirella , Jackson Delton
Published: February 2025

Beyond their direct use, buildings and heritage places are objects and settings which help to guide community actions. Cognitive perception systems interact directly with the built environment through action and generate experiences that will be used for subsequent actions. This requires a reorientation towards phenomenological perspectives that query the conceptual boundary between cognition and action. Five universities from three countries (Portugal, Italy, and Spain) came together in July 2023 through an Erasmus+ BIP (Blended Intense Programme) experience, developed for the La Latina neighbourhood, in the historical centre of Madrid. The intention was to highlight the importance of different disciplines, and interdisciplinary working, for planning an urban future which includes the goals of socio-economic and environmental sustainability, happiness, and the right of residents to maintain longstanding emotional connections with their neighbourhoods. The novelty of this experience compared to existing Master’s and PhD programmes in Europe was the early and intense contact of students with the subject through the development of fieldwork over two weeks. This was led by teachers from different disciplines to provide interdisciplinary perspectives for a training programme which included architecture, urbanism, urban anthropology, geography, history, and archaeology. Through this training, the intended outcomes were twofold: to equip students with the necessary knowledge and criteria to critically address these issues and to raise awareness among local stakeholders about the negative transformations affecting historic centres and their impact on residents’ quality of life.
Solubility of Deferiprone in Non-Aqueous Mixtures of Polyethylene Glycol 400 and 1-Propanol at 293.2–323.2 K
Authors: Rezaei Homa , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: February 2025

Utilizing the shake-flask technique under atmospheric pressure (101 kPa) within the temperature range of 293.2 to 313.2 K, the experimental solubility and density values of deferiprone were determined in binary mixtures of polyethylene glycol 400 and 1-propanol. The mole fraction solubility of deferiprone exhibited an augmentation with elevated temperature and increased polyethylene glycol 400 mass ratio in polyethylene glycol 400 + 1-propanol compositions. A subsequent regression analysis of the solubility data was conducted employing the van’t Hoff, λh, Yalkowsky, modified Wilson, Jouyban–Acree and Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff models upon the comprehensive evaluation of the entire dataset; the van’t Hoff equation demonstrated the most favorable regression. Furthermore, the findings of this study hold significance for advancing the understanding of the basic thermodynamic data pertinent to the crystallization and industrial separation processes of deferiprone.
The Role of Medical Therapies in the Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rotar Ioana Cristina , Boitor Borza Dan , Staicu Adelina , Goidescu Iulian Gabriel , Nemeti Georgiana Irina , Iulia Popa , Mitranovici Melinda Ildiko , Daniel Mureșan , Aida Petca
Published: February 2025

Cervical cancer and its precursors (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)) represent a current major public health concern. Currently, the treatment of choice for patients with HSILs (high-grade intraepithelial lesions) is surgical treatment—LEEP or cold-knife conization—except for in pregnant women, where it may have significant future consequences. In this paper, we aim to review the current evidence regarding the efficacy of non-surgical approaches for CINs. Therefore, we searched Google Scholar and PubMed for papers on CIN treatments; 91 studies published in English were included in the analysis. The results of the reviewed studies were variable depending on the agent and methodology used. Overall, the remission rates of CIN II ranged from 43 to 93%. However, for some agents, the results were contradictory. Once topical agents have been proven to be effective, they could be used as an alternative to surgical methods in treating HPV-associated CIN, with fewer adverse effects. The use of local agents could allow for more personalized treatments for patients with CINs. Future directions were also sought.
Brain Glycogen—Its Metabolic Role in Neuronal Health and Neurological Disorders—An Extensive Narrative Review
Authors: Beltran-Velasco Ana Isabel
Published: February 2025

Background: Brain glycogen is imperative for neuronal health, as it supports energy demands and metabolic processes. This review examines the pathways involved in glycogen storage and utilization in the central nervous system, emphasizing their role in both physiology and pathology. It explores how alterations in glycogen metabolism contribute to neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and metabolic conditions while highlighting the bidirectional interaction between neurons and glia in maintaining brain homeostasis. Methods: A comprehensive search of articles published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using the following databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, Web of Science, Medline, and PubMed. The selection of relevant studies was based on their focus on brain glycogen metabolism and its role in neurological conditions, with studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria being excluded. Results: The metabolic processes of brain glycogen are subject to rigorous regulation by astrocyte–neuron interactions, thereby ensuring metabolic homeostasis and energy availability. The dysregulation of glycogen storage and mobilization has been implicated in the development of synaptic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neurodegeneration in a variety of disorders. For instance, aberrant glycogen accumulation in diseases such as Lafora disease has been associated with severe neurodegeneration, while impaired glycogen mobilization has been shown to exacerbate energy deficits in Alzheimer’s and epilepsy. Conclusions: Targeting brain glycogen metabolism represents a promising approach for therapeutic intervention in neurological disorders. However, the translation of these strategies to human models remains challenging, particularly with regard to the long-term safety and specificity of glycogen-targeted therapies.
L-Arginine and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Regulation—Experimental Findings in the Context of Blood Donation
Authors: Kurhaluk Natalia , Tkaczenko Halina
Published: February 2025

This narrative review provides an analysis of the role of nitric oxide (NO) and its precursors, particularly L-arginine, in vascular regulation and health, with an emphasis on findings from our experimental research in animal models. NO serves as a critical mediator of vascular function, contributing to vasodilation, the regulation of blood flow, and the prevention of thrombosis. As a primary precursor of NO, L-arginine is essential for maintaining endothelial integrity, modulating mitochondrial function, and reducing oxidative damage. This review synthesises the data and contextualises these findings within the physiological challenges faced by blood donors, such as repeated blood donation and associated oxidative stress. It examines the effects of L-arginine supplementation on mitochondrial respiration, lipid peroxidation, and microsomal oxidation in different conditions, including differences in age, gender, and dietary interventions. The mechanisms by which L-arginine enhances NO production, improves vascular elasticity, and alleviates endothelial dysfunction caused by reduced NO bioavailability are also investigated. By integrating experimental findings with insights from the existing literature, this review provides a perspective on the potential of L-arginine supplementation to address the specific physiological needs of blood donors. It highlights the importance of personalised nutritional approaches in enhancing donor recovery and vascular resilience. In addition, this review assesses the wider implications of L-arginine supplementation in mitigating oxidative stress and preserving vascular function. The interplay between NO bioavailability, dietary factors, and physiological adaptation in blood donors is highlighted, along with the identification of current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research. By presenting both original experimental evidence and a critical synthesis of the literature, this article highlights the therapeutic potential of NO precursors, particularly L-arginine, in promoting vascular health in the context of blood donation.
Infection Patterns of Albugo laibachii and Effect on Host Survival and Reproduction in a Wild Population of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Taguas Ignacio , Maclot François , Montes Nuria , Pagán Israel , Fraile Aurora , García-Arenal Fernando
Published: February 2025

Albugo spp. are biotrophic parasites that cause white rust in Brassicaceae species, with significant crop losses. The generalist A. candida and the specialist A. laibachii infect Arabidopsis thaliana, and the pathosystem Albugo–Arabidopsis is a model for research in molecular genetics of plant–pathogen interactions. The occurrence of infection by Albugo in wild populations of Arabidopsis and data on the genetics of resistance-susceptibility are compatible with a hypothesis of host–pathogen coevolution. However, the negative impact of Albugo infection on Arabidopsis—a requirement for coevolution—has not been shown under field conditions. To address this question, we analysed the demography and the dynamics of Albugo infection in a wild Arabidopsis population in central Spain and measured plant fitness-related traits. Infection increased mortality by 50%, although lifespan, the fraction of plants that reproduced and seed production were reduced only in plants from the spring cohorts. Despite these negative effects, simulations of demographic dynamics showed that the population growth rate remained unaffected even at unrealistically high infection incidences. The lack of negative effects in autumn–winter cohorts suggests compensatory mechanisms in longer-lived plants. Results support the hypothesis of Albugo–Arabidopsis coevolution.
Communism and the Rise of the Anti-Christian Movement in Republican China
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Lin Xiao
Published: February 2025

Scholars have acknowledged that much of the early support for the anti-Christian movement in Shanghai and Beijing in 1922 came from radical individuals and organizations with ties to the Communists, anarchists, and the Guomindang left, but little attention has been given to the overlapping linkages between the Soviet-supported radical activists and the anti-Christian student groups in the Chinese historiography. This article fills this gap in the literature by highlighting the Communist-dominated Socialist Youth League in Shanghai as a key initiating force in managing the anti-Christian movement of early 1922. It shows how the Communists blended their anti-religious and anti-imperialist discourses with Leninist–Marxist ideology to win the hearts and minds of the Chinese youth.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Vegetation Status and Soil Moisture in Semi-Arid Woodlands, Central Australia, Using Daily Thermal, Vegetation Index, and Reflectance Data
Authors: Holzman Mauro , Srivastava Ankur , Rivas Raúl , Huete Alfredo
Published: February 2025

Wet rainfall pulses control vegetation growth through evapotranspiration in most dryland areas. This topic has not been extensively analyzed with respect to the vast semi-arid ecosystems of Central Australia. In this study, we investigated vegetation water responses to in situ root zone soil moisture (SM) variations in savanna woodlands (Mulga) in Central Australia using satellite-based optical and thermal data. Specifically, we used the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) derived from the Advanced Himawari Imager on board the Himawari 8 (AHI) satellite, alongside Land Surface Temperature (LST) from MODIS Terra and Aqua (MOD/MYD11A1), as indicators of vegetation water status and surface energy balance, respectively. The analysis covered the period from 2016 to 2021. The LSWI increased with the magnitude of wet pulses and showed significant lags in the temporal response to SM, with behavior similar to that of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). By contrast, LST temporal responses were quicker and correlated with daily in situ SM at different depths. These results were consistent with in situ relationships between LST and SM, with the decreases in LST being coherent with wet pulse magnitude. Daily LSWI and EVI scores were best related to subsurface SM through quadratic relationships that accounted for the lag in vegetation response. Tower flux measures of gross primary production (GPP) were also related to the magnitude of wet pulses, being more correlated with the LSWI and EVI than LST. The results indicated that the vegetation response varied with SM depths. We propose a conceptual model for the relationship between LST and SM in the soil profile, which is useful for the monitoring/forecasting of wet pulse impacts on vegetation. Understanding the temporal changes in rainfall-driven vegetation in the thermal/optical spectra associated with increases in SM can allow us to predict the spatial impact of wet pulses on vegetation dynamics in extensive drylands.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in a Spun Optical Fiber
Authors: Catalano Ester , Coscetta Agnese , Vallifuoco Raffaele , Zeni Luigi , Minardo Aldo
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a numerical and experimental investigation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a highly birefringent spun optical fiber. When subjected to bending, the variation in the state-of-polarization (SOP) of the pump and probe waves induces a periodic oscillation of the Brillouin gain, with a period equal to the elliptical birefringence of the fiber. The experiments were corroborated by numerical simulations, combining the coupled equations governing the SOP evolution in bent spun fibers, with a scalar SBS model valid for Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis (BOFDA) sensors.
Exploring the Relations Between Running Variability and Injury Susceptibility: A Scoping Review
Authors: Iqbal Zaheen Ahmed , Chow Daniel Hung-Kay
Published: February 2025

Background: Variability in running mechanics, termed running variability, reflects the adaptability of the locomotor system to dynamic environments. Due to inconsistent findings in the literature, there is a research gap in understanding its role in injury. Objectives: This scoping review explores running variability’s influence on injury susceptibility, examining studies across various injury types, skill levels, methods, and analysis adhering to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist (PRISMA-ScR). Eligibility criteria and sources of evidence: Twenty-one studies illustrating the complexity of running variability in relation to running-related injuries were selected from Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases during December 2022 to June 2024. Results: There are significant differences in running variability between injured and healthy runners, with variability influenced by injury type, stage, and individual differences with varying levels of evidence. Out of 21 studies, 8 (38%) found no group differences, 11 (52%) noted higher running variability in injured participants, and 5 (24%) reported lower variability in injured than healthy subjects. The review was constrained by the diverse subjects, methods, tasks, and outcome variables across the studies. Conclusions: Currently, there is no standard normal range for running variability and abnormal variability is defined relative to control groups, though healthy controls can also show abnormal variability without injury in some study designs. Despite the absence of standardized running variability norms, wearable sensors offer insights into real-world running mechanics, presenting running variability as a potential predictor of running-related injuries. The review highlights the need for standardized protocols and further research to clarify running variability’s role in injury prediction and prevention, emphasizing the necessity of individualized approaches in training and rehabilitation. Future studies should aim to establish a causal relationship between running variability and injury susceptibility, focusing on identifying variability patterns that precede or follow an injury. This review sets the stage for developing evidence-based strategies to optimize running performance and minimize injury risks.
From Journey to Theatre: Unraveling the Influence of Traditional Chinese Opera’s Cultural Value on Tourists’ Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Zheng Yujia , Chen Gong , Li Zaijun , Hu Meijuan
Published: February 2025

As a cornerstone of Chinese traditional culture, traditional Chinese opera encapsulates deep historical significance and embodies the national spirit, acting as a vital conduit for transmitting intangible cultural heritage. However, in today’s society, this art form confronts the challenge of becoming marginalized, underscoring the urgency for its revitalization and preservation. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating questionnaire surveys with semi-structured interviews, to explore how perceived value in opera culture shapes tourists’ behavioral intentions. Key findings include: (1) Emotional and socioeconomic perceived values significantly positively affect tourists’ intentions to revisit and recommend through the lens of cultural identity. (2) Conversely, aesthetic perceived value significantly negatively influences revisit intention when mediated by cultural identity but does not substantially impact word-of-mouth communication. These insights suggest that fostering emotional resonance and socioeconomic value perception among tourists is essential for positively strengthening their cultural identity and influencing their behavior. Additionally, there is a need to refine and enhance the aesthetic experience based on real-world encounters. Building on these conclusions, it is advised that opera troupes and tourist destinations innovate in presenting operas while the government bolsters policy support to boost market competitiveness and enrich audience experience design. In doing so, we can aid the rejuvenation of opera culture for the modern era.
Roadmap for the Decarbonization of Domestic Passenger Ferries in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Dong Tuan , Alamoush Anas , Schönborn Alessandro , Ghaforian Masodzadeh Peyman , Park Chybyung , Park Han-Seon , Vakili Seyedvahid , Bilgili Levent , Ballini Fabio , Ölcer Aykut I.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the steps to lower air emissions in South Korea’s domestic shipping sector. It highlights the significant contributions of the sector to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, emphasizing its impact on environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation. By looking at the current shipping energy use and emissions, the research identifies ways to reduce the environmental impact of domestic shipping. Data was collected from domestic ferry routes and the fuel use was reviewed with respect to existing global technologies for reducing emissions. The results show that operational changes and current energy-efficient technologies can quickly cut emissions. Furthermore, a long-term plan is suggested, involving the development of new ship designs and the use of net-zero fuels like biofuels, methanol, hydrogen and ammonia. These efforts aim to meet climate goals, targeting a 40% reduction in greenhouse emissions by 2030 and a 70% reduction by 2050, making South Korea’s shipping industry more sustainable and resilient.
Asymmetric Finite-Range Persistence in Time Series Generated by the Modified Discrete Langevin Model
Authors: Czechowski Zbigniew
Published: February 2025

The concept of asymmetric persistence in time series was proposed and an appropriate stochastic Langevin-type model was presented. The influence of this particular form of memory on the behavior of the generated time series was examined. It has been shown that asymmetry causes a significant distortion of the effect of drift forces and has a weaker impact on stochastic diffusion forces. Due to this, the current known methods for reconstructing the Langevin-type model fail. The results of this work may help in deriving a new reconstruction method.
Fluorescent Clade IIb Lineage B.1 Mpox Viruses for Antiviral Screening
Authors: Alvarez-de Miranda Francisco Javier , Martín Rocío , Alcamí Antonio , Hernáez Bruno
Published: February 2025

The ongoing global outbreak of mpox caused by clade IIb viruses has led to more than 100,000 confirmed cases around the world, highlighting the urgent need for antiviral research to combat current and future mpox outbreaks. Reporter viruses expressing fluorescent proteins to monitor viral replication and virus spreading in cell culture provide a powerful tool for antiviral drug screening. In this work, we engineered two recombinant mpox clade IIb viruses by inserting, under the control of the vaccinia early/late promoter 7.5, the coding sequence of two different fluorescent proteins (EGFP and TurboFP635) in a previously unreported location within the viral genome. These recombinant viruses replicate in BSC-1 cells at rates similar to those of the parental virus. We show how these reporter mpox viruses allow the discrimination of infected cells by cell flow cytometry and facilitate the quantification of viral spread in cell culture. Finally, we validated these reporter viruses with two previously known inhibitors of poxvirus replication, cytosine arabinoside (AraC) and bisbenzimide.
Novel Standard Substance from Primary Hamster Kidney Cells for Quality Control of Human Rabies Vaccines in China
Authors: Shi Leitai , Li Jia , Wu Xiaohong , Cao Shouchun , Wang Yunpeng , Zhao Danhua , Li Yuhua
Published: February 2025

Background: Host cell proteins (HCPs) from primary hamster kidney cells (PHKCs) used to produce rabies vaccines may cause an allergic reaction in humans, so these residual HCPs must be controlled. Establishing a national standard for PHKC HCP is very important to ensure the consistency of HCPs between batches of the vaccine and to standardize the control of HCPs. Objectives: We aimed to establish a novel national standard substance to determine the HCP residue in rabies vaccines produced with PHKCs. Methods: A two-step multi-laboratory collaborative collaboration was undertaken. In the first step, the protein concentration of the standard substance stock solution was determined using Lowry’s method. In the second step, the concentration of the candidate standard substance was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The concentration of the PHKC protein standard was 4.0 μg/mL (95% confidence interval: 3.5–4.4 μg/mL). Conclusions: The PHKC protein standard was approved by the Chinese National Committee on Standards for the quality control of PHKC-based rabies vaccines for human use, and it plays an important role in controlling the quality of these human vaccines.
A História da recepção da Antiguidade em tempos de decolonização
Authors: Vargas Anderson Zalewsky
Published: February 2025

Neste artigo, reflito sobre a situação dos estudos de Recepção da Antiguidade neste tempos em que, certa apropriação do pensamento decolonial conduz ao questionamento geral, especialmente nos ambientes acadêmicos, da propriedade dos estudos da Antiguidade Greco-Romana no Brasil. Primeiramente, mostro que há certos elementos que podem ajudar a entender desejos de depuração intelectual. Contudo, a leitura de alguns textos de intelectuais de destaque da teoria decolonial mostra, com certa facilidade, que a superação do eurocentrismo não transforma em anátema o passado greco-latino, muito menos seu estudo e investigação. Por fim, trato da pertinência da História da Recepção da Antiguidade na realização dos desideratos decoloniais.