bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High-Speed Imaging Method Based on Compressive Sensing for Sound Extraction Using a Low-Speed Camera
Authors: Zhu Ge , Yao Xu-Ri , Sun Zhi-Bin , Qiu Peng , Wang Chao , Zhai Guang-Jie , Zhao Qing
Published: May 2018

This paper reports an efficient method for sound extraction from high-speed light spot videos reconstructed from the coded light spot images captured with a low-speed camera based on compressive sensing, but at the expense of consuming time. The proposed method first gets the high-speed video of the light spot that is illuminated on the vibrating target caused by sound. Then the centroid of the light spot is used to recover the sound. Simulations of the proposed method are carried out and experimental results are demonstrated. The results show that high-speed videos with a frame rate of 2000 Hz can be reconstructed with a low-speed (100 Hz) charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, which is randomly modulated by a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) 20 times during each exposure time. This means a speed improvement of 20 times is achieved. The effects of synchronization between CCD image recording and DMD modulation, the optimal sampling patterns of DMD, and sound vibration amplitudes on the performance of the proposed method are evaluated. Using this compressive camera, speech (counting from one to four in Chinese) was recovered well. This has been confirmed by directly listening to the recovered sound, and the intelligibility value (0–1) that evaluated the similarity between them was 0.8185. Although we use this compressive camera for sound detection, we expect it to be useful in applications related to vibration and motion.
Sparsity-Driven Reconstruction Technique for Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Computational Imaging
Authors: Fromenteze Thomas , Decroze Cyril , Abid Sana , Yurduseven Okan
Published: May 2018

Numerous prototypes of computational imaging systems have recently been presented in the microwave and millimeter-wave domains, enabling the simplification of associated active architectures through the use of radiating cavities and metasurfaces that can multiplex signals encoded in the physical layer. This paper presents a new reconstruction technique leveraging the sparsity of the signals in the time-domain and decomposition of the sensing matrix by support detection, the size of the computational inverse problem being reduced significantly without compromising the image quality.
The Misunderstanding of Social Insurance: The Inadequacy of the Basic Pension Insurance for Urban Employees (BPIUE) for the Aging Population of China
Authors: Hu Naijun
Published: May 2018

The Chinese public has shown increasing concern about the “inadequacy” of the funds available for the Basic Pension Insurance for Urban Employees (BPIUE). The government has managed the issue by balancing the program’s revenue and expenditures each year and by increasing subsidies for it from all levels. These actions have raised a number of questions, such as why the program still needs financial subsidies as the fund’s balance continues to increase. The BPIUE was initiated in 1991, and the combination model of “social pooling” and “individual accounts of employees” was established in 1995 and formally launched in 1998. Also, in 1998, reforms including the downsizing of state-owned enterprises were implemented, and tens of millions of employees of state-owned enterprises entered early retirement. Local governments used funds from the individual accounts to pay pensions to employees based on length of service, and as a result, the individual accounts have remained empty ever since. Based on the definition of social insurance and an empirical analysis of the BPIUE fund, this paper conducts a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the plan from two perspectives, striving to provide an objective explanation and assessment of the pension fund’s inadequacy. On this basis, the paper analyzes the impact of the aging population of China on the existing and future BPIUE fund gap.
Exploring Spatially Varying Influences on Metro-Bikeshare Transfer: A Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression Approach
Authors: Ji Yanjie , Ma Xinwei , Yang Mingyuan , Jin Yuchuan , Gao Liangpeng
Published: May 2018

The primary objective of this study was to explore the factors that influence metro-bikeshare ridership from a spatial perspective. First, a reproducible method of identifying metro-bikeshare transfer trips was derived using two types of smart-card data (metro and bikeshare). Next, a geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model was established to explore the relationships between metro-bikeshare transfer volume and several types of independent variables, including sociodemographic, travel-related, and built-environment variables. Moran’s I statistic was applied to examine the spatial autocorrelation of each explanatory variable. The modeling and spatial visualization results show that riding distance is negatively correlated with metro-bikeshare transfer demand, and the coefficient values are generally lower at the edge of the city, especially in underdeveloped areas. Moreover, the density of bus, bikeshare, and other metro stations within 2 km of a metro station has different impacts on metro-bikeshare transfer volume. Travelers whose origin or destination is entertainment related tend to choose bikeshare as a feeder mode to metro if this trip mode is available to them. These results improve our understanding of metro-bikeshare transfer spatial patterns, and several suggestions are provided for improving the integration between metro and bikeshare.
Role of Social Learning in the Diffusion of Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Technology in China
Authors: Li Qi , Yang Wanjiang , Li Kai
Published: May 2018

Reducing the use of chemical inputs is an urgent and challenging task in the transformation toward environmentally-friendly agriculture in China, especially when the efficacy of alternative control measures is not yet fully understood. Based on the data from 601 rice farmer households regarding their adoption of fertilizer- and pesticide-reducing technologies in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces, this study investigated whether social learning can promote the diffusion of fertilizer- and pesticide-reducing technologies, and whether the role of social learning varies when the technologies differ. Empirical analysis using the spatial error model (SEM) showed that social learning positively affects the diffusion of ecological technologies, but the role of social learning varies when the technology characteristics differ. Learning from neighbors promotes the adoption of labor-intensive and high-skilled technologies, but this strategy does not work well in capital-intensive technologies. However, learning from demonstration significantly affected the diffusion of capital-intensive and high-skilled technologies, but did not work well for labor-intensive technologies.
Identifying the Impacts of Social, Economic, and Environmental Factors on Population Aging in the Yangtze River Delta Using the Geographical Detector Technique
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Xinlin , Xia Siyou
Published: May 2018

Under the background of social transformation and space reconstruction, population aging in China is becoming more and more diverse and complex. “Aging before getting rich”, a notion in population and economic development, has been a serious threat to sustainable development in China. On the basis of town- and street block-scale data from the Fifth and Sixth National Census in the Yangtze River Delta, we studied spatial distribution characteristics of population aging using global Moran’s I and hotspot analysis, and applied the geographical detector technique to explain the spatial heterogeneity of population aging. Several conclusions were drawn. (1) The promotion and replacement of aging coexist. Cluster of aging degree exhibits an increasing trend. Population aging is more severe in suburban areas than urban areas. (2) Migration is the main factor affecting the spatial heterogeneity of population aging. Per capital GDP and road network density are the second most influential factors. By contrast, the relief degree of land surface and the air quality index minimally influence population aging. The mechanisms of aging in various regions are affected by varying development levels. (3) The interaction among social, economic, and environmental factors enhances their effects and, thus, interacting factors have a greater influence on population aging than any single factor. The findings of this study have significant implications for local inhabitants and policy makers to address the population aging challenge in achieving sustainability of society, economy, and environment.
Environmental Knowledge, Awareness, and Business School Students’ Intentions to Purchase Green Vehicles in Emerging Countries
Authors: Mohiuddin Muhammad , Al Mamun Abdullah , Syed Fazal , Mehedi Masud Muhammad , Su Zhan
Published: May 2018

Environmental awareness and changing attitudes toward “green consumption” are becoming evident in emerging countries’ markets. Using an extended theory of planned behavior, this paper aims to examine emerging countries’ business students’ intentions to purchase green vehicles. Stratified random sampling was used to select study participants, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results revealed that environmental knowledge and awareness have a significant influence on business students’ favorable attitudes toward green vehicles. Further, a significant association between attitudes toward green vehicles, perceived behavioral controls, and intentions to purchase green vehicles was observed. Findings serve to inform managers and policy makers who are formulating strategies for maximizing value creation in an era of increasingly environmentally aware consumers in emerging markets. Ultimately, this policy will help to promote green technology initiatives, and encourage higher rates of adoption of eco-friendly vehicles in emerging countries.
The Causal Effects of Trade and Technology Transfer on Human Capital and Economic Growth in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Kalaitzi Athanasia S.
Published: May 2018

This research empirically investigates the causality between trade, technology, human capital and economic growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the period 1980–2016. To investigate the existence of a long-run relationship between the variables, this study performs the Johansen cointegration test, while the direction of the short-run causality is examined by applying the Granger causality test in a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) framework. Moreover, a modified Wald test in an augmented Vector Autoregressive Model is applied in order to find the direction of the long-run causality. This research provides evidence to support a short-run bi-directional causality between primary imports and economic growth, while an indirect causality runs from manufactured imports and human capital to economic growth, through exports and primary imports. Empirical results do not provide evidence of either an Import-Led growth (ILG) or Export-Led Growth (ELG) hypothesis in the long-run, while no causality runs from primary imports, manufactured imports or exports to human capital.
Social Network and Place: The Inheritance and Development of Beijing Crosstalk Performing Art
Authors: Zhao Jimin , Zhou Shangyi
Published: May 2018

In order to protect the traditional performing arts, we need to analyze the factors that sustain its inheritance and development. Some of the factors are embedded in the place. This paper takes Beijing Crosstalk as an example to explore its relationship with the place Beijing. The authors interviewed and surveyed the crosstalk performers, and analyzed data of crosstalk performers from the Sina Weibo social media platform. The study found that Beijing crosstalk can be particularly successful because there are three levels of social networks embedded in Beijing: The first is the mentor–apprentice relationship within the crosstalk group. The second is communication with other performing groups or performers (such as other crosstalk groups, performers from opera, drama, etc.) in Beijing. The third is their cooperating relationship with the media. These three networks are not available in any other cities of China, which is the key to the inheritance and development of Beijing crosstalk as intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, the protection and transmission of local intangible cultural heritage needs not only to protect the intangible cultural heritage itself, but also to protect its related social networks and social resources that make up such networks.
Chemical Waste Management in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Shen Chien-wen , Tran Phung Phi , Minh Ly Pham Thi
Published: May 2018

Sustainability has become the biggest concern of the semiconductor industry because of hundreds of high-purity organic and inorganic compounds involved in manufacturing semiconductors not being treated economically. The aim of this study was to understand how semiconductor companies manage their chemical wastes, by analyzing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxics Release Inventory data for hydrogen fluoride, nitric acid, ammonia, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, hydrochloric acid, nitrate compounds, and sulfuric acid. Cluster analysis was adopted to classify the U.S. semiconductor companies into different performance groups according to their waste management approaches. On the basis of the results, twenty-seven companies were classified in the “best performance” category for the waste management of two or more chemicals. However, 15 companies were classified in the worst performance categories. The semiconductor companies can refer to our results to understand their performance and which companies they should benchmark regarding chemical waste management. City governments can also refer to our results to employ suitable policies to reduce the negative impacts of the chemical waste from regional semiconductor companies.
Evaluating Gravity-Flow Irrigation with Lessons from Yuma, Arizona, USA
Authors: Frisvold George , Sanchez Charles , Gollehon Noel , Megdal Sharon , Brown Paul
Published: May 2018

Many consider gravity-flow irrigation inefficient and deride its use. Yet, there are cases where gravity-flow irrigation can play an important role in highly productive and profitable agriculture. This perspective article reviews the literature on the profitability and efficiency of gravity systems. It then reviews the history of water management in Yuma, Arizona, which is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the United States. Through extensive changes in irrigation technologies, changes in production practices, and investments in irrigation infrastructure, Yuma agriculture dramatically shifted from perennial and summer-centric crop production to winter-centric, multi-crop systems that are focused on high-value vegetable crops. These innovations have led to improvement in various irrigation efficiency measures and overall water conservation. Return flows from the system, which were once characterized as an indicator of inefficiency, provide valuable environmental services to the Colorado River Delta ecosystem. Yuma’s history illustrates that innovative gravity-flow systems can be productive and water-conserving, and that a system-wide perspective is critical in evaluating irrigation systems.
Simulating the Barriers of Transaction Costs to Public Rental Housing Exits: The Case of Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Jintao , Ning Xin , Sun Jun , Xiong Xiaoqian
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore and simulate the barriers of transaction costs to public rental housing (PRH) exits in China. The two-period model of household consumption utility, with the constraints of transaction costs, is employed to conduct our analysis. The overall results show that if transaction costs go beyond the tenants’ ability to afford them, the tenants will continue to live in the current PRH units, resulting in an obstruction of PRH exits. When the rent ratio in the two periods is higher than 1 and continues to rise, a higher proportion of transaction costs for household consumption contributes to a greater impeding effect, so the barriers’ effect with regards to concurrent changes in rent and income is similar to that of changes only in rent. We observe a close relationship between the acceptable maximum transaction costs and the variety of housing rents. If the tenants cannot afford the maximum transaction cost or housing rent in the private market, they will stop searching for a more advantageous housing and will prefer living in the current PRH units. Moreover, the proportion of maximum acceptable transaction costs does not vary with the changes in the expected household income; income growth only increases the absolute value of transaction costs, not the relative one. Therefore, the government should not only provide housing search services to help tenants leave the public rental sector, but should also adjust the supply of affordable housing for households with housing stress.
Sky Luminance Measurements Using CCD Camera and Comparisons with Calculation Models for Predicting Indoor Illuminance
Authors: Yun Su-In , Kim Kang-Soo
Published: May 2018

In this study, we address the algorithm of the calculation formula from sky luminance distribution to vertical illuminance and indoor illuminance. To predict daylight, studies about sky luminance distributions and the DeLight daylight model were investigated. This paper compared three well-known sky distribution models (Perez model, Igawa model, and CIE standard sky model) with measured data. The charge coupled device (CCD) camera was used as a measurement method for sky luminance distribution. Indoor illuminance values calculated with those well-known sky distribution models are compared with measured indoor illuminance data. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) In the results of R2, mean bias error (MBE), and Cv(RMSE) analysis, the CIE standard sky model showed the lowest error rate with measured data. Between the Perez model and Igawa model, the Igawa model showed a lower error rate; (2) When we compared the sky classification of the Perez model and the Igawa model, both models classified the sky similarly to the CIE standard sky model in March. However, the classification of the sky in the CIE standard sky model, the Perez model, and the Igawa model differed in some of the July data because of high solar elevation; (3) The illuminance of the center point of the room was calculated using the well-known sky luminance distribution model, the Igawa model has a lower error rate than the Perez model in Korea.
The Cosine Measure of Single-Valued Neutrosophic Multisets for Multiple Attribute Decision-Making
Authors: Fan Changxing , Fan En , Ye Jun
Published: May 2018

Based on the multiplicity evaluation in some real situations, this paper firstly introduces a single-valued neutrosophic multiset (SVNM) as a subclass of neutrosophic multiset (NM) to express the multiplicity information and the operational relations of SVNMs. Then, a cosine measure between SVNMs and weighted cosine measure between SVNMs are presented to measure the cosine degree between SVNMs, and their properties are investigated. Based on the weighted cosine measure of SVNMs, a multiple attribute decision-making method under a SVNM environment is proposed, in which the evaluated values of alternatives are taken in the form of SVNMs. The ranking order of all alternatives and the best one can be determined by the weighted cosine measure between every alternative and the ideal alternative. Finally, an actual application on the selecting problem illustrates the effectiveness and application of the proposed method.
Label-Free G-Quadruplex Aptamer Fluorescence Assay for Ochratoxin A Using a Thioflavin T Probe
Authors: Wu Kefeng , Ma Changbei , Zhao Han , He Hailun , Chen Hanchun
Published: May 2018

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common mycotoxins contaminating feed and foodstuffs. Therefore, a great deal of concern is associated with AFB1 toxicity. In this work, a fast and sensitive fluorescence aptamer biosensor has been proposed for the OTA assay. In the absence of OTA, the OTA aptamer can form a G-quadruplex structure with thioflavin T (ThT) dye, which results in increased fluorescence. After joining OTA, OTA aptamer combines with OTA and the G-quadruplex can be formed. Only faint fluorescence was finally observed when ThT weakly reacts with the quadruplex. Through this test method, the entire reaction and analysis process of OTA can be completed in 10 min. Under optimal experimental conditions (600 nM OTA-APT, 7 μM ThT, and 3 min incubation time), this proposed assay has a good limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 ng/mL and shows a good linear relationship within the range of 1.2–200 ng/mL under the best experimental conditions. This method has a high specificity for OTA relative to Ochratoxin B (23%) and Aflatoxin B1 (13%). In addition, the quantitative determination of this method in real samples has been validated using a sample of red wine supplemented with a range of OTA concentrations (1.2 ng/mL, 12 ng/mL, and 40 ng/mL) with recoveries of 96.5% to 107%.
Serosurvey for Infectious Agents Associated with Subfertility and Abortion in Dairy Cattle in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
Authors: Morris Michael J. , Sookhoo Jamie , Blake Lemar , Brown Jordan Arianne , John Justine , Ali Sheliza , Sarjusingh Gervaise , St. Aime Janelle , Amoroso Edward H. , Oura Christopher A. L.
Published: May 2018

Despite frequent reports of subfertility and abortion in dairy cattle in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), little is known about the potential infectious and non-infectious causes. This study set out to investigate possible infectious causes of reproductive problems by measuring the seroprevalence of four of the most significant reproductive pathogens in dairy cattle worldwide: Brucella abortus (B. abortus); Neospora caninum (N. caninum), Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). These four reproductive pathogens have been suspected to be present in dairy cattle in T&T for some time but, previously, studies have not been carried out to confirm their presence. Bulk milk samples were collected from 92 dairy farms across Trinidad, representing a total of 1177 dairy cattle. Four dairy farms were selected for individual milk sampling to assess in-farm seroprevalence levels. Milk samples were tested for antibodies to the four pathogens by commercial ELISA kits. The overall farm seroprevalence was 62% for N. caninium and 23% for IBRV, and no antibodies were detected in any of the bulk milk samples for B. abortus or BVDV. Mixed infections for IBRV and N. caninum were common. Seroprevalence levels were between 8% and 65% for N. caninum and between 3% and 53% IBRV on the four individual farms. These results reveal the presence of IBRV and N. caninum for the first time on the island of Trinidad and importantly reveal no evidence for the circulation of BVDV or B. abortus in dairy cattle in Trinidad.
FiSyPAC project: The first vehicle integration of GENEPAC fuel cell stack
Authors: ROY F. , POIROT J. , GARNIT S.
Published: May 2018

In January 2006, the first fuel cell stack developed by the partnership between PSA Peugeot Citroën and CEA has been unveiled. Due to its particularly high performances, 1,5 kW/l, 1 kW/kg, with high efficiency vehicle integration has been launched out into the FiSyPAC project. PSA group is committed to the long term, gradual integration of fuel cell technology into cars, by developing an innovative electric vehicle concept equipped with a range extender consisting of a hydrogenpowered fuel cell hybridized with a high battery capacity. CEA is involved in the development of innovative technical solutions for fuel cells, particularly PEMFC in terms of stack design and fuel cell systems optimization for reliability and durability improvements. The scope of the FiSyPAC project which joined eleven partner’s forces is to develop a reliable 20 kW fuel cell system, a Li-ion battery, and to test this hybridization on board a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV). A description of the vehicle architecture and performances achieved during the project are described in this paper, from the stack and fuel cell system design to the vehicle performances.
Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries – the Way forward for Low-Cost Micro and Mild Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Cooper A , Moseley P
Published: May 2018

The Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium has been researching into VRLA batteries since 1992, initially for electric vehicle (EV) applications, where it achieved significant life extension in deep cycle duty. More recently it has focussed its work on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications where the battery has to operate in High-Rate Partial State-of-Charge (HRPSoC) conditions. Whereas in EV operation failure occurs in the positive plate, in HEV duty, failure is due to negative plate sulfation, resulting in rapid loss of capacity. Ways of overcoming this have been investigated successfully and the ALABC is undertaking vehicle demonstration programmes to publicise this work.
Silent operating range of military electric hybrid vehicle using electric power splitter and different electric energy storage
Authors: Z. Šešovský , D. Šundev , P. Mindl
Published: May 2018

Paper deals with operating range of hybrid car using electric power splitter and battery or super capacitor under special military condition. Special attention is paid to military vehicles having a duty to move in defined territory without using the combustion engine. Reason of this demand is to move without doing noise. It is reasonable to use under this condition only the electric drive and energy stored in the battery or super capacitor. The paper simulates in the given terrain and on basis of the given driving cycle that is velocity against time the ability of different storage systems to fulfil these demands. Mass of the vehicle is 2000kg. Mass of the battery respectively mass of the super capacitor is the same 70kg. The energy density in the battery is 150Wh/kg and the energy density in the super capacitor is 25Wh/kg. That means that energy stored in the battery is 10.5kWh at chosen rated voltage 240V. Energy stored in the super capacitor is 1.75kWh at maximum rated voltage also 240V. The 80% energy from battery or 75% energy from the super capacitor can be used for traction. The power of internal combustion engine (ICE) is controlled by a special program taking in account good efficiency of the engine, instantaneous acceleration, instantaneous power flow from the energy sources to vehicle wheels taking in account losses and instantaneous energy stored in battery or super-capacitor. The ICE is controlled in modus “stop and go”. In “dangerous” region it is stopped totally. The traction power is taken partially from the ICE and partially from the battery or super capacitor. Sharing of these two power sources is controlled by the program. The lowest energy level in the battery may be 2,1 kWh and in super capacitor 0,55kWh.
Building a hydrogen infrastructure in Norway
Authors: Stiller Christoph , Svensson Ann , Rosenberg Eva , Møller-Holst Steffen , Bünger Ulrich
Published: May 2018

Hydrogen is expected to become an integral part of the Norwegian energy system in the future, primarily as a fuel for transportation. The NorWays project aims at providing decision support for introduction of hydrogen in the Norwegian energy system by modelling the energy system and hydrogen infrastructure build-up at various spatial levels. GIS-based regional hydrogen demand scenarios and hydrogen refuelling station networks have been generated, considering organic growth of regional hydrogen deployment and increasing density of hydrogen users over time. A regional model was used to optimise supply scenarios for these hydrogen refuelling station networks, including choice of production technology (biomass gasification, NG SMR, electrolysis, by-product hydrogen) and delivery (pipeline, truck, and onsite schemes) as well as integrated hydrogen delivery networks by truck and pipeline. The sensitivity to variations in energy price and GHG emission constraint scenarios on hydrogen production and delivery mix and average hydrogen costs was assessed, and conclusions on the effectiveness of policy measures were drawn.
Capacity Measurements of Li-Ion Batteries using AC Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Jespersen J.L. , Tønnesen A.E. , Nørregaard K. , Overgaard L. , Elefsen F.
Published: May 2018

This work presents AC impedance measurements (EIS) on a Li-Tec 40 Ah Li-Ion battery cell, including measurements in a climate chamber at different temperatures. The objective of this work is to provide a preliminary basis for estimating the potential of using EIS as a diagnostic tool for battery capacity measurements. In order to estimate the feasibility a Li-Ion battery cell is characterized by several EIS measurement, including measurements in a controlled temperature environment. From the measurements it can be seen that the impedance spectrum indeed changes as a function of State-of-Charge (SOC). However, measurements also show that the same spectrum is also strongly temperature dependent. Is is however concluded that EIS can potentially be used as a capacity diagnostic tool if a non-isothermal battery model based on EIS input data can be developed. The climate chamber measurements also features temperature data of the battery temperature compared to surrounding temperature, this data shows that a battery voltage drop will invoke a battery temperature increase. As the impedance measurements presented in this work are carried out on flexible low-cost Labview platform using conventional data acquisition equipment, suggestions have been presented on how EIS, as a diagnostic tool, preferably can be embedded in the battery management system.
Application of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor for Active Suspension System in Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Zhu , Cheung Norbert , Cheng K.
Published: May 2018

Electromagnetic active suspension system is considered to have improved stability and better dynamic response, compared to the hydraulic active suspension system. To investigate the influence of suspension parameters on system characteristics, the frequency response of quarter vehicle model is analyzed through Bode plots by varying the spring stiffness and damping coefficient. The sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and tire deflection are investigated respectively. This paper proposes a novel electromagnetic suspension system, comprising of a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) and a passive spring. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of the proposed linear motor are obtained and verified by using two-dimensional finite element method (FEM). The magnetic flux densities at specific translator positions are demonstrated. In order to study the feasibility and evaluate the performance of the proposed suspension system, a LQR optimal controller is developed and simulated with the quarter-vehicle model. The sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and related force applied by the actuator are investigated under different road disturbance. Both frequencies of disturbance are approximate to the suspension natural frequencies, which are the most severe working point of active suspension system. Simulation results demonstrate that good dynamic response and better ride comfort can be achieved by the proposed active suspension system.
Automatic Driving Control for Passing through Intersection by use of Feature of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ogitsu Takeki , Omae Manabu , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: May 2018

This study expects that the automatic driving control for passing through intersection has potential for energy saving and solving traffic jams. Therefore, first, this study calculates the predicted effect of the automatic driving control at intersection in simulations. Second, this study proposes the control method for vehicles to pass through an intersection by cooperating with each other on contact with the intersectiontraffic control which manages the schedule of vehicles to enter the intersection. Third, a vehicle control algorithm for reaching the intersection on the scheduled time is also proposed. Last, the proposed vehicle control and intersection-traffic control are validated by experiments using electric light vehicles.
From Paper to Product: Engineering a 27,000 kg Fully Electric Mobile Railcar Mover in 6 Months
Authors: Daigneault Marc , Prigge Frederick , Tellier Bruno
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the authors present the challenges & opportunities behind the engineering of a fully-electric mobile railcar mover. We present how building the right toolbox of simulation software, proper analysis and understanding of the duty cycle and usage of unconventional vehicles allows us to tap into their electrification potential. The authors showcase a step-by-step approach, from paper to product, simulation to assembly, of the challenges, opportunities, economic and environmental advantages of electrification. Finding the proper candidate for electrification is key – and we’ll show how we did it all in just 6 months. The end result is a fully electric railcar mover which outperforms its diesel counterpart in many aspects.
EVS29 Symposium Montréal, Québec, Canada, June 19-22, 2016
Authors: Lopez-Pumarejo Tomas
Published: May 2018

This paper examines the possibility of establishing an electric car-sharing program in New York, of the type that the French firm Bolloré articulated in France (Autolib) and in Indianapolis (Blue-Indy). It examines the current role of electric vehicles (EVs) in the global automobile industry. It explores how New York State and City policies could work in favor or against the establishment of a car-sharing program. It presents the opinions of energy and sustainability experts on electricity supply. Finally, this paper considers how an electric car-sharing system could fit into the ongoing reconfiguration of New York City’s Metropolitan Transit Authority.
Design of a Modular Swift-shift Multi-speed Transmission with Double Dual Clutches for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Morozov Alexei , Zou Ting , Mousavi Mir , Angeles Jorge , Boulet Benoit
Published: May 2018

In this paper a novel concept of modular swift-shift multi-speed transmission with double dual clutches is proposed, with its architecture, simulation and control strategies discussed in detail. Due to its modularity, the desired number of gear ratios can be readily realized by adding the appropriate number of modules. Further, in this design, both the underdrive and the overdrive modes are combined within one single gear train, which reduces the overall volume and weight significantly. Due to its modularity and compactness, this transmission is suitable for electric vehicles, especially commercial fleets of medium- and heavy-duty electric trucks. A proof-of-concept testbed was developed; its preliminary simulation analysis is reported here.
Online Prediction of Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption
Authors: Wang Jiquan , Besselink Igo , Nijmeijer Henk
Published: May 2018

The energy consumption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) depends on a number of factors, such as vehicle characteristics, driving behavior, route information, traffic states and weather conditions. The variance of these factors and the correlation among each other make the energy consumption prediction of BEVs difficult. This paper presents an online algorithm to adjust the energy consumption prediction during driving. It includes a vehicle parameter estimation algorithm and a driving behavior correction algorithm. The vehicle parameter estimation algorithm can assess the vehicle mass and rolling resistance during driving. The driving behavior correction algorithm can adjust the energy consumption prediction based on the current driving behavior, and considers the influence of wind and road slope. The online energy consumption prediction algorithm is verified by 21 driving tests, including highway, city, rural and hilly area tests. The comparison shows that the mean absolute percentage error between the actual energy consumption value and online prediction result is within 5% for every test.
Study on Energy System Configuration of Wireless In-Wheel Motor with Supercapacitor
Authors: Takeuchi Takuma , Imura Takehiro , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Hori Yoichi , Gunji Daisuke
Published: May 2018

In-Wheel Motor (IWM) have been proposed to increase an efficiency and controllability of electric vehicle (EV). However, a risk of disconnection of power lines have been considered as a fundamental problem of IWM. Therefore, we proposed Wireless In-Wheel Motor (W-IWM) to solve this problem radically by using Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). In this paper, an advanced system of W-IWM which has multiple power sources, supercapacitor and dynamic charging circuit on its wheel side is proposed for a more effective operation. Additionally, a power-flow control of the advanced system is proposed and is verified by simulations and experiments. Furthermore, efficiency of the proposed system is investigated.
Hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution: para-selective substitution across aryl iodonium compounds with benzyl groups
Authors: Mowdawalla Cyrus , Ahmed Faiz , Li Tian , Pham Kiet , Dave Loma , Kim Grace , Hyatt I F Dempsey
Published: May 2018

The reactivity of benzyl hypervalent iodine intermediates was explored in congruence with the reductive iodonio-Claisen rearrangement (RICR) to show that there may be an underlying mechanism which expands the reasoning behind the previously known C–C bond-forming reaction. By rationalizing the hypervalent iodine’s metal-like properties it was concluded that a transmetallation mechanism could be occurring with metalloid groups such as silicon and boron. Hypervalent iodine reagents such as Zefirov’s reagent, cyclic iodonium reagents, iodosobenzene/BF3, and PhI(OAc)2/BF3 or triflate-based activators were tested. A desirable facet of the reported reaction is that iodine(I) is incorporated into the product thus providing greater atom economy and a valuable functional group handle for further transformations. The altering of the RICR’s ortho-selectivity to form para-selective products with benzyl hypervalent iodine intermediates suggests a mechanism that involves hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution (HIGES).
MULTIATTRIBUTE EVALUATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC AGRICULTURAL FOOD INVESTMENTS USING FUZZY TOPSIS
Authors: SUDER Asli , KAHRAMAN Cengiz
Published: May 2018

Since people well know the threats of inorganic agriculture to their health, they are more interested in organic agriculture than ever. Organic agriculture is expected to play a major role for a healthy world in the future whereas inorganic agriculture nowadays increases the volume of agricultural production and presents lower priced foods but causes health problems. The agricultural investments are generally evaluated by using linguistic terms since most of the evaluation criteria are intangible and inherently require imprecise data to be used. In this paper, we analyze six types of agricultural investment alternatives using eight different criteria based on linguistic data. One of the most-used multi-criteria decision-making methods, TOPSIS is used under fuzziness for the solution of this problem. A sensitivity analysis is also given to examine the robustness of the decision.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY BASED ON A METAFRONTIER APPROACH
Authors: CHIU Ching-Ren , FANG Chen-Ling , TSANG Seng-Su , CHEN Yi-Fen
Published: May 2018

The semiconductor industry has been regarded as one of the most important industries by Taiwan due to the market share of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry in 2011 ranked second worldwide. However, the European debt crisis triggered a global economic recession in 2011, causing Taiwan’s output of semiconductors in 2010 and 2011 to show negative growth. This paper will mainly explore, from the performance evaluation perspective, the Malmquist productivity index of the Taiwan’s semiconductor industry based on a metafrontier approach. The empirical results show that the European debt crisis in 2011 had an impact on Integrated circuit (IC) design companies and IC manufacturing companies, but that there was no influence on IC packaging and testing companies when measuring static efficiency. From the viewpoint of dynamic productivity performance, the paper finds that the main reason for the negative growth of IC packaging and testing companies and IC design companies came from a backward movement in technical change, but the main reason for the negative growth of IC manufacturing companies derived from a decline in pure technical efficiency.
TARPUKARIU PANEVĖŽYJE STATYTŲ ŠVIETIMO ĮSTAIGŲ ARCHITEKTŪRA / THE ARCHITECTURE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BUILT DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD IN THE CITY OF PANEVĖŽYS
Authors: VILKONČIUS Evaldas
Published: May 2018

The buildings of educational institutions built during the interwar period in Panevėžys are a unique part of the city‘s architectural heritage. Over a relatively short period in this city there where built quite a lot buildings for the educational institutions. Despite that, the architecture of these buildings is not analyzed thoroughly in the general context of lithuanian interwar architecture. The main purpose of this paper is to try to analyze the development of the architecture of educational institutions built during the interwar in Panevėžys.
TRANSFORMATION OF SMALL SLOVAK TOWNS IN THE ERA OF SOCIALISM EXAMPLE OF BÁNOVCE NAD BEBRAVOU / NEDIDELIŲ SLOVAKIJOS MIESTŲ KAITA SOCIALISTINIU LAIKOTARPIU BANOVCE NAD BEBRAVOU PAVYZDŽIU
Authors: LACKOVÁ Andrea , ŠIŠLÁKOVÁ Lívia
Published: May 2018

Several decades of socialism had their effect on urbanism and architecture of towns. These processes can be found in several post-socialist countries. One of the examples in Slovakia is the town of Bánovce nad Bebravou. Until the end of the 19th century the town was not economically important. During the time of socialism the city underwent significant architectural and urban changes due to large industrial development. The definitive image of the historic core changed according to the principles of modern urbanism. Nowadays with the compact city policies, it is important to find the balance between the traditional compact urban form and the modern urban form. The contribution deals with mapping and the process of former urban changes. The aim is to find locations for the transformation and refurbishment of the town’s historic core, in order to its preserved cultural and historical values, while fulfilling the requirement for an ecological and sustainable city.
FORTIFICATIONS OF THE RAPALLO BORDER AND THEIR ROLE AS CO-CREATORS OF SPACE / RAPALLO SIENOS ĮTVIRTINIMAI IR JŲ VAIDMUO KURIANT ERDVĘ
Authors: GROM Janez Peter , FIKFAK Alenka , SKANSI Luka
Published: May 2018

In the period between the two world wars, the latent tensions between the European nations resulted in the construction of defensive positions on the borderlines of major European countries. Under the same conditions, the Italian Kingdom built an extensive fortification line, i.e. the Alpine Wall. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (SHS) replied to it with the Rupnik Line. On the base of the Treaty of Rapallo, a 289-km long demarcation line was built with an exceptional defence infrastructure, which interfered with vast natural areas of exceptional quality that are protected by various nature conservation regimes today. The research presented in this paper is focused on a specific land expropriation. The goal is to understand the historical perspectives and assess the current significance of this fortification system with its impact on the natural environment. The system of spatial assessment of the architectural, urban, regional and spatial planning aspects and landscape interpretation has been developed with the use of spatial planning mapping and other methods. It was tested on the case study of the Žiri Municipality to establish a possible systemic base on which the entirety of the Rapallo border with its defence infrastructures could be mapped and their contemporary role assessed.
How Is Developing the Sense of Belonging in Iranian Adolescent Girls? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mousavi Mahsa , Shahriari Mohsen , Salehi Mehrdad , Kohan Shahnaz
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND: Communicating with adolescents is associated with many challenges for parents and healthcare providers.AIM: This qualitative study was conducted for exploring the sense of belonging in Iranian adolescent girls.METHODS: In this study, deep semi-structured interviews were carried out with 27 adolescent girls, 10 experts, and 10 parents. Purposeful sampling was used and continued until data saturation. The data were coded and categorised through a conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA 10.RESULTS: Three main categories were obtained from the analysis of the participants’ descriptions: "family; a haven of tranquillity", "dominated by peers", and "concerns about differences in gender socialization". According to our results, most of the girls achieved calmness through being emotionally accepted by their families. But this sense of belonging and tranquillity was shaken by their peers’ showing off, in a way that adolescent girls were always struggling to gain acceptance among their peers. Also for fear of being rejected by their peers’ group, they sometimes began to make friends with the opposite sex. Meanwhile, traditional attitudes towards gender roles and adolescent girls' feelings about their lower social participation as compared to that of boys had also led to their concern about differences in gender socialization and a lower sense of community belonging among some adolescent girls.CONCLUSION: Adequate parental education and the proper management of girls’ interactions with the family and society can play an important role in the development of a sense of belonging among adolescent girls.
Dental Number Anomalies and Their Prevalence According To Gender and Jaw in School Children 7 To 14 Years
Authors: Sejdini Milaim , Çerkezi Sabetim
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to find the prevalence of Hypodontia and Hyperdontia in different ethnicities in patients from 7 to 14 years old.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 520 children were included aged 7 to 14 years, only the children who went to primary schools. Controls were performed by professional people to preserve the criteria of orthodontic abnormalities evaluation. The data were recorded in the individual card specially formulated for this research and all the patients suspected for hypodontia and hyperdontia the orthopantomography for confirmation was made. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis using c2 test for the significant difference for p ˂ 0.05 and Fisher test for p < 0.05.RESULTS: Hypodontia, not counting the patients with missing third molars was found in 18 patients researched or 3.46%. The most commonly missing teeth were the second lower premolars, the second upper premolars, second upper lateral incisors followed by the lower incisors. Hyperdontia not including the third molars was found in 4 cases of the participants or 0.76% from which the most frequent atypical tooth mesiodens and one case of bilateral hypodontia of a lateral upper incisor with typical shape and size. But there were no significant differences when tested between genders and jaws.CONCLUSION: The prevalence we found is similar to the prevalence in the region. Our findings indicate that there is a difference between the genders in the prevalence of hypodontia, but without statistical significance, while for hyperdontia we can’t see such a difference between the sexes.