bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Somatic symptom overlap in Beck Depression Inventory–II scores following myocardial infarction
Authors: Thombs Brett D. , Ziegelstein Roy C. , Pilote Louise , Dozois David J. A. , Beck Aaron T. , Dobson Keith S. , Fuss Samantha , de Jonge Peter , Grace Sherry L. , Stewart Donne E. , Ormel Johan , Abbey Susan E.
Published: June 2010

Background

Depression measures that include somatic symptoms may inflate severity estimates among medically ill patients, including those with cardiovascular disease.

Aims

To evaluate whether people receiving in-patient treatment following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had higher somatic symptom scores on the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) than a non-medically ill control group matched on cognitive/affective scores.

Method

Somatic scores on the BDI–II were compared between 209 patients admitted to hospital following an AMI and 209 psychiatry out-patients matched on gender, age and cognitive/affective scores, and between 366 post-AMI patients and 366 undergraduate students matched on gender and cognitive/affective scores.

Results

Somatic symptoms accounted for 44.1% of total BDI–II score for the 209 post-AMI and psychiatry out-patient groups, 52.7% for the 366 post-AMI patients and 46.4% for the students. Post-AMI patients had somatic scores on average 1.1 points higher than the students (P<0.001). Across groups, somatic scores accounted for approximately 70% of low total scores (BDI–II <4) v. approximately 35% in patients with total BDI–II scores of 12 or more.

Conclusions

Our findings contradict assertions that self-report depressive symptom measures inflate severity scores in post-AMI patients. However, the preponderance of somatic symptoms at low score levels across groups suggests that BDI–II scores may include a small amount of somatic symptom variance not necessarily related to depression in post-AMI and non-medically ill respondents.
Liaison psychiatry services in south England
Authors: Gordon Jackie , Wolf Sonia
Published: June 2010

Aims and method

To investigate liaison psychiatry services across 38 acute trusts in the south of England. We used a telephone survey and compared the results to service structure and function as recommended by the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Results

Approximately two-thirds of trusts surveyed had a dedicated liaison service and this was not significantly related to hospital size. Most liaison teams were understaffed in all disciplines and only a third had a full-time consultant. Services for specialist patient groups were generally well provided for; 37% of teams had been created in the past 5 years and 33% were planning to increase their staffing levels in future.

Clinical implications

Liaison services in the south of England are similar to those in other parts of the UK that have been surveyed. Although the services did not meet the Colleges' recommendations, our study shows some recent growth and development in this specialty.
Stem cells in cancer: instigators and propagators?
Authors: Alison Malcolm R. , Islam Shahriar , Wright Nicholas A.
Published: June 2010

There is growing realization that many – if not all – cancer-cell populations contain a subpopulation of self-renewing stem cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Unlike normal adult stem cells that remain constant in number, CSCs can increase in number as tumours grow, and give rise to progeny that can be both locally invasive and colonise distant sites – the two hallmarks of malignancy. Immunodeficient mouse models in which human tumours can be xenografted provide persuasive evidence that CSCs are present in human leukaemias and many types of solid tumour. In addition, many studies have found similar subpopulations in mouse tumours that show enhanced tumorigenic properties when they are transplanted into histocompatible mice. In this Commentary, we refer to CSCs as tumour-propagating cells (TPCs), a term that reflects the assays that are currently employed to identify them. We first discuss evidence that cancer can originate from normal stem cells or closely related descendants. We then outline the attributes of TPCs and review studies in which they have been identified in various cancers. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for successful cancer therapies.
Syncoilin modulates peripherin filament networks and is necessary for large-calibre motor neurons
Authors: Clarke W. Thomas , Edwards Ben , McCullagh Karl J. A. , Kemp Matthew W. , Moorwood Catherine , Sherman Diane L. , Burgess Matthew , Davies Kay E.
Published: June 2010

Syncoilin is an atypical type III intermediate filament (IF) protein, which is expressed in muscle and is associated with the dystrophin-associated protein complex. Here, we show that syncoilin is expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Isoform Sync1 is dominant in the brain, but isoform Sync2 is dominant in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Peripherin is a type III IF protein that has been shown to colocalise and interact with syncoilin. Our analyses suggest that syncoilin might function to modulate formation of peripherin filament networks through binding to peripherin isoforms. Peripherin is associated with the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), thus establishing a link between syncoilin and ALS. A neuronal analysis of the syncoilin-null mouse (Sync−/−) revealed a reduced ability in accelerating treadmill and rotarod tests. This phenotype might be attributable to the impaired function of extensor digitorum longus muscle and type IIb fibres caused by a shift from large- to small-calibre motor axons in the ventral root.
A prospective, randomised trial comparing closed intramedullary nailing with percutaneous plating in the treatment of distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia
Authors: Guo J. J. , Tang N. , Yang H. L. , Tang T. S
Published: June 2010

We compared the outcome of closed intramedullary nailing with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a percutaneous locked compression plate in patients with a distal metaphyseal fracture in a prospective study.

A total of 85 patients were randomised to operative stabilisation either by a closed intramedullary nail (44) or by minimally invasive osteosynthesis with a compression plate (41). Pre-operative variables included the patients’ age and the side and pattern of the fracture. Peri-operative variables were the operating time and the radiation time. Postoperative variables were wound problems, the time to union of the fracture, the functional American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle surgery score and removal of hardware.

We found no significant difference in the pre-operative variables or in the time to union in the two groups. However, the mean radiation time and operating time were significantly longer in the locked compression plate group (3.0 vs 2.12 minutes, p < 0.001, and 97.9 vs 81.2 minutes, p < 0.001, respectively). After one year, all the fractures had united. Patients who had intramedullary nailing had a higher mean pain score, but better function, alignment and total American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle surgery scores, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.234, p = 0.157, p = 0.897, p = 0.177 respectively). Three (6.8%) patients in the intramedullary nailing group and six (14.6%) in the locked compression plate group showed delayed wound healing, and 37 (84.1%) in the former group and 38 (92.7%) in the latter group expressed a wish to have the implant removed.

We conclude that both closed intramedullary nailing and a percutaneous locked compression plate can be used safely to treat Orthopaedic Trauma Association type-43A distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia. However, closed intramedullary nailing has the advantage of a shorter operating and radiation time and easier removal of the implant. We therefore prefer closed intramedullary nailing for patients with these fractures.
Development and validation of an illustrated questionnaire to evaluate disabilities of the upper limb
Authors: Suzuki M. , Kurimoto S. , Shinohara T. , Tatebe M. , Imaeda T. , Hirata H.
Published: June 2010

We have developed an illustrated questionnaire, the Hand20, comprising 20 short and easy-to-understand questions to assess disorders of the upper limb. We have examined the usefulness of this questionnaire by comparing reliability, validity, responsiveness and the level of missing data with those of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

A series of 431 patients with disorders of the upper limb completed the Hand20 and the Japanese version of the DASH (DASH-JSSH) questionnaire. The norms for Hand20 scores were determined in another cross-sectional study.

Most patients had no difficulty in completing the Hand20 questionnaire, whereas the DASH-JSSH had a significantly higher rate of missing data. The standard score for the Hand20 was smaller than the reported norms for the DASH.

Our study showed that the Hand20 questionnaire provided validation comparable with that of the DASH-JSSH. Explanatory illustrations and short questions which were easy-to-understand led to better rates of response and fewer missing data, even in elderly individuals with cognitive deterioration.
Congenital hip disease in adults
Authors: Karachalios T. , Hartofilakidis G.
Published: June 2010

This paper reviews the current knowledge relating to the management of adult patients with congenital hip disease. Orthopaedic surgeons who treat these patients with a total hip replacement should be familiar with the arguments concerning its terminology, be able to recognise the different anatomical abnormalities and to undertake thorough pre-operative planning in order to replace the hip using an appropriate surgical technique and the correct implants and be able to anticipate the clinical outcome and the complications.
Bilateral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head and neck in a case of oncogenic osteomalacia
Authors: Chouhan V. , Agrawal K. , Vinothkumar T. K. , Mathesul A.
Published: June 2010

We describe a case of oncogenic osteomalacia in an adult male who presented with low back pain and bilateral hip pain. Extensive investigations had failed to find a cause. A plain pelvic radiograph showed Looser’s zones in both femoral necks. MRI confirmed the presence of insufficiency fractures bilaterally in the femoral head and neck. Biochemical investigations confirmed osteomalacia which was unresponsive to treatment with vitamin D and calcium. A persistently low serum phosphate level suggested a diagnosis of hypophosphataemic osteomalacia. The level of fibroblast growth factor-23 was highly raised, indicating the cause as oncogenic osteomalacia. This was confirmed on positron-emission tomography, MRI and excision of a benign fibrous histiocytoma following a rapid recovery.

The diagnosis of oncogenic osteomalacia may be delayed due to the non-specific presenting symptoms. Subchondral insufficiency fractures of the femoral head may be missed unless specifically looked for.
A Review of Oral Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Hynicka Lauren M , Yunker Nancy , Patel Punam H
Published: June 2010

Objective:

To describe the current evidence for the use of oral antiretroviral (ARV) agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Data Sources:

A search from 1950 to April 2010 was conducted using the databases PubMed and MEDLINE with the search terms chronic hepatitis B, lamivudine, entecavir, adefovir, telbivudine, tenofovir, emtricitabine, clevudine, and pradefovir. The search was limited to trials conducted in humans that were published in the English language.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Studies were included if they evaluated the use of oral ARVs in patients with CHB infection who were not coinfected with hepatitis C, hepatitis D, or HIV.

Data Synthesis:

Oral ARVs have revolutionized the treatment of CHB. Studies conducted comparing ARVs have favored entecavir and tenofovir with respect to their ability to decrease hepatitis B virus DNA viral load while minimizing the development of resistance. However, low seroconversion rates, recurrent viremia when ARV therapy is discontinued, and increased resistance rates with longer treatment durations limit the benefit of oral ARVs in the treatment of CHB. Combination therapy has been a suggested solution; however, studies have yet to prove additional benefit over currently recommended monotherapy.

Conclusions:

Oral ARVs should continue to be used in the treatment of CHB; however, research is needed to define the optimal duration of therapy, evaluate the utility of combination therapy, and explore novel targets within the hepatitis B life cycle.
Treatment of Neonatal Withdrawal with Clonidine After Long-Term, High-Dose Maternal Use of Tramadol
Authors: O'Mara Keliana , Gal Peter , DaVanzo Christie
Published: June 2010

Objective:

To describe a case of tramadol withdrawal in a neonate and treatment with clonidine after exposure to long-term maternal use of high-dose tramadol.

Case Summary:

A 34-week gestational age neonate displayed symptoms of tramadol withdrawal within 48 hours of delivery. Due to a confusing initial clinical picture, including presumed congenital Chlamydia, questionable seizures, and an original report of maternal use of ketorolac (Toradol), diagnosis was delayed until day of life 5. Symptoms included jitteriness, myoclonic movements, and irritability. Upon further questioning of the mother, it was revealed that she was actually taking tramadol 600–800 mg daily. The infant was placed on maintenance therapy with oral clonidine (from 1 to 3 μg/kg orally every 3 hours) until discontinuation on day of life 11. After 3 days off treatment, he began to display symptoms of withdrawal again. Clonidine was restarted at 1 μg/kg orally every 8 hours and he was discharged home on maintenance clonidine therapy at 18 days postnatal age. A 7-day tapering regimen was initiated 2 weeks after discharge, and no further withdrawal symptoms occurred.

Discussion:

Few published articles are available to guide clinicians on the clinical course and treatment strategies for tramadol dependence and withdrawal. In neonates, the reports are particularly sparse. Traditional agents used in neonatal opioid withdrawal are narcotics (morphine, tincture of opium, methadone), benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam), and phenobarbital. Clonidine use for neonatal abstinence syndrome from narcotics has been shown to be effective alone or in combination with agents such as other opiates and chloral hydrate. Potential benefits of clonidine therapy include shorter duration of therapy, reduced withdrawal symptoms, and decreased length of hospital stay.

Conclusions:

Withdrawal can be prolonged in infants exposed to maternal tramadol use. Clonidine may be a safe and effective option for managing symptoms of neonatal tramadol abstinence.
Identifying Optimal Initial Infusion Rates for Unfractionated Heparin in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Riney Jennifer N , Hollands James M , Smith Jennifer R , Deal Eli N
Published: June 2010

Background:

Most literature available for unfractionated heparin (UFH) supports the use of actual body weight for dosing all patients, yet a small proportion of the patients in these studies were morbidly obese. The most appropriate dosing strategy for therapeutic UFH in this patient population is not clearly defined.

Objective:

To better define appropriate UFH dosing strategies in morbidly obese patients and to evaluate the safety of a weight-based heparin nomogram in this patient population.

Methods:

Patients with class III (morbid) obesity receiving therapeutic doses of a UFH infusion for greater than 24 hours were evaluated. Two comparator groups of overweight/class I–II obesity and normal/underweight patients were created by matching patients to the class III obesity group. Doses and times to therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), bleeding rates, and mortality were assessed.

Results:

The mean infusion rate required to obtain a first therapeutic aPTT was 11.5 units/kg/h in the class III obesity group (n = 94) versus 12.5 units/kgm and 13.5 units/kg/h for the overweight/class I–II obesity (n = 92) and normal/underweight (n = 87) groups, respectively (p = 0.001). The mean times to a first therapeutic aPTT were 21.3, 22.1, and 29.9 hours, respectively (p = 0.421). There was a statistically significant difference in the infusion rate required to obtain 2 consecutive therapeutic aPTTs between groups (p = 0.016), with higher weight groups requiring smaller (per kilogram actual body weight) infusion rates, but there was no significant difference in the time to reach 2 consecutive therapeutic aPTTs (p = 0.776). There was no significant difference in bleeding (p = 0.517) or mortality (p = 0.475) among groups.

Conclusions:

Morbidly obese patients require smaller UFH infusion rates per kilogram actual body weight compared to patients with lower body mass indices. UFH dosing recommendations should be modified to reflect body mass index classification.
In‐group and role identity influences on the initiation and maintenance of students' voluntary attendance at peer study sessions for statistics
Authors: White Katherine M. , O'Connor Erin L. , Hamilton Kyra
Published: June 2010

Background. Although class attendance is linked to academic performance, questions remain about what determines students' decisions to attend or miss class.

Aims. In addition to the constructs of a common decision‐making model, the theory of planned behaviour, the present study examined the influence of student role identity and university student (in‐group) identification for predicting both the initiation and maintenance of students' attendance at voluntary peer‐assisted study sessions in a statistics subject.

Sample. University students enrolled in a statistics subject were invited to complete a questionnaire at two time points across the academic semester. A total of 79 university students completed questionnaires at the first data collection point, with 46 students completing the questionnaire at the second data collection point.

Method. Twice during the semester, students' attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, student role identity, in‐group identification, and intention to attend study sessions were assessed via on‐line questionnaires. Objective measures of class attendance records for each half‐semester (or ‘term’) were obtained.

Results. Across both terms, students' attitudes predicted their attendance intentions, with intentions predicting class attendance. Earlier in the semester, in addition to perceived behavioural control, both student role identity and in‐group identification predicted students' attendance intentions, with only role identity influencing intentions later in the semester.

Conclusions. These findings highlight the possible chronology that different identity influences have in determining students' initial and maintained attendance at voluntary sessions designed to facilitate their learning.
Accuracy of MUAC in the Detection of Severe Wasting With the New WHO Growth Standards
Authors: Fernández Miguel Ángel Luque , Delchevalerie Pascale , van Herp Michel
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of this study were to estimate the accuracy of using mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) measurements to diagnose severe wasting by comparing the new standards from the World Health Organization (WHO) with those from the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and to analyze the age independence of the MUAC cutoff values for both curves.

METHODS:

We used cross-sectional anthropometric data for 34 937 children between the ages of 6 and 59 months, from 39 nutritional surveys conducted by Doctors Without Borders. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the accuracy of MUAC diagnoses. MUAC age independence was analyzed with logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

With the new WHO curve, the performance of MUAC measurements, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, deteriorated. With different cutoff values, however, the WHO standards significantly improved the predictive value of MUAC measurements over the NCHS standards. The sensitivity and specificity of MUAC measurements were the most age independent when the WHO curve, rather than the NCHS curve, was used.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study confirms the need to change the MUAC cutoff value from <110 mm to <115 mm. This increase of 5 mm produces a large change in sensitivity (from 16% to 25%) with little loss in specificity, improves the probability of diagnosing severe wasting, and reduces false-negative results by 12%. This change is needed to maintain the same diagnostic accuracy as the old curve and to identify the children at greatest risk of death resulting from severe wasting.
Maternal Smoking and Child Psychological Problems: Disentangling Causal and Noncausal Effects
Authors: Brion Marie-Jo , Victora Cesar , Matijasevich Alicia , Horta Bernardo , Anselmi Luciana , Steer Colin , Menezes Ana Maria B. , Lawlor Debbie A. , Davey Smith George
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:

To explore associations of maternal prenatal smoking and child psychological problems and determine the role of causal intrauterine mechanisms.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Maternal smoking and child psychological problems were explored in 2 birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil (n = 509, random subsample), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in Britain (n = 6735). Four approaches for exploring causal mechanisms were applied: (1) cross-population comparisons between a high-income and a middle-income country; (2) multiple adjustment for socioeconomic and parental psychological factors; (3) maternal-paternal comparisons as a test of putative intrauterine effects; and (4) searching for specific effects on different behavioral subscales.

RESULTS:

Socioeconomic patterning of maternal prenatal smoking was stronger in the ALSPAC compared with the Pelotas cohort. Despite this difference in a key confounder, consistency in observed associations was found between these cohorts. In both cohorts, unadjusted maternal smoking was associated with greater offspring hyperactivity, conduct/externalizing problems, and peer problems but not with emotional/internalizing problems. After adjusting for confounders and paternal prenatal smoking, only the association with conduct/externalizing problems persisted in both cohorts (conduct problems in the ALSPAC cohort, odds ratio [OR]: 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.46], P = .005; externalizing problems in the Pelotas cohort, OR: 1.82 [95% CI: 1.19–2.78], P = .005; ORs reflect ordinal odds ratios of maternal smokers having offspring with higher scores). Maternal smoking associations were stronger than paternal smoking associations, although statistical evidence that these associations differed was weak in 1 cohort.

CONCLUSION:

Evidence from 4 approaches suggests a possible intrauterine effect of maternal smoking on offspring conduct/externalizing problems.
Morphometry MRI in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Gama Rômulo L , Távora Daniel F.G , Bomfim Rodrigo C , Silva Cruiff E , Bruin Veralice M. de , Bruin Pedro F. de
Published: June 2010

This study evaluates the diagnostic value of morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis among Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We studied 21 PD cases, 11 MSA-c, 8 MSA-p and 20 PSP cases. Midbrain area (Ams), pons area (Apn), middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) were measured using MRI. Comparisons were made between PD, MSA-p, MSA-c and PSP. Apn, MCP and SCP morphometry dimensions presented differences among groups. Ams below 105 mm² and SCP smaller than 3 mmwere the most predictive measures of PSP (sensitivity 95.0 and 80.0%, respectively). For the group of MSA-c patients, Apn area below 315 mm² showed good specificity and positive predictive value (93.8% and 72.7%, respectively). In conclusion, dimensions and cut off values obtained from routine MRI can differentiate between PD, PSP and MSA-c with good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
Free-hand placement of high thoracic pedicle screws with the aid of fluoroscopy: evaluation of positioning by CT scans in a four-year consecutive series
Authors: Braga Bruno Perocco , Morais Josaphat Vilela de , Vilela Marcelo Duarte
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the upper thoracic spine using the free-hand technique with the aid of fluoroscopy; to analyze the methods used to verify correct screw positioning intra and postoperatively. METHOD: All patients with instability of the cervicothoracic or upper thoracic spine and at least one screw placed in the segment T1-T6 as part of a posterior construct entered the study. Only C-arm intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to guide screw placement. RESULTS: We obtained excellent positioning in 98.07% of the screws. CT scans precisely demonstrated pedicle wall and anterolateral body violations. There was no hardware failure, no neurological or vascular injury and no loss of alignment during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Pedicle screws can be safely placed in the upper thoracic spine when strict technical principles are followed. Only a CT scan can precisely demonstrate vertebral body and medial pedicle cortical violations.
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: experience in a spanish center
Authors: Romero Alicia Del Carmen Becerra , Nora Joaquim Enseñat , Topczewski Thomaz Eduardo , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de , Alobid Isam , Rodriguéz Enrique Ferrer
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is the most serious complication after transsphenoidal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of CSF fistula after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for tumor removal in sellar region; to discuss associated factors and methods used for sellar closure. METHOD: Retrospective study of 67 patients (73 surgeries) operated via transsphenoidal endoscopy at Hospital Vall D'Hebron and Hospital Clinic of the Universidad de Barcelona, Spain. The data collected included: age, sex, hospitalization stay, suprasellar extension of the lesion, type of tumor, evidence of intraoperative CSF fistula, complications of postoperative CSF fistula, previous surgery and radiotherapy. RESULTS: Six patients (8.2%) had postoperative CSF fistula, and their average hospitalization was 5 days longer with resulting complications: two of whom had pneumoencephalus and two with meningitis. No association was found between the data collected and postoperative CSF fistula. CONCLUSION: The rate of CSF fistula after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery from the present study is contained within the literature. Unlike other reports, no association between the variables and postoperative CSF fistula was found in this report.
Adubos fosfatados na cultura da batata
Authors: Boock Olavo José
Published: June 2010

1 - As experiências relatadas no presente trabalho se referem ao emprêgo de diferentes adubos fosfatados na cultura da batata (S. tuberosum L.) e conduzidas em Campinas, Taubaté e Joanópolis, em 1940 e 1944. 2 - As análises sumárias das terras indicaram variações do fósforo, desde muito fraco (Joanópolis), regular (Campinas) até ótimo (Taubaté) . 3 - As menores produções foram obtidas dos canteiros sem adubo. 4 - O emprêgo ùnicamente de adubos azotados mais potássicos, pràticamente, não determinou aumento de produção sôbre os "sem adubo". 5 - O acréscimo de adubos fosfatados aos azotados e potássicos causou um aumento altamente significativo de produção. 6 - Os canteiros em que além dos adubos azotados e potássicos, incluímos o Superfosfato apresentaram em todos os ensaios as melhores colheitas. 7 - Quanto aos demais adubos, pequenas foram as diferenças existentes.
Competências relevantes para a efetividade do processo decisório em defesa aérea
Authors: Silva Lucia Helena Martins , Roglio Karina De Dea , Silva Wesley Vieira
Published: June 2010

Este artigo investiga o impacto das competências consideradas essenciais para o desempenho das atividades de defesa aérea sobre a efetividade do processo decisório. Como principais referenciais teóricos, foram utilizados os estudos de Simon (1970; 1987) sobre o processo decisório e o modelo de competências por setor de Gramigna (2002). Na pesquisa de campo, utilizou-se a triangulação de dados: entrevistas, análise documental, observações e questionário, por meio do qual levantou-se a percepção dos profissionais que desempenham as funções em estudo. Os dados foram analisados através de análise fatorial exploratória e análise de regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados da pesquisa realizada para este artigo contribuem para o estabelecimento de programas voltados ao desenvolvimento de competências individuais específicas, com impacto direto nas competências essenciais da organização. Os achados deste artigo servem também aos gestores militares como subsídio para decisões relativas à alocação de pessoal e formação de equipes, visando distribuir de forma mais racional os indivíduos, aliando suas competências aos interesses organizacionais, tal seja, alinhando as práticas de gestão de pessoas à estratégia organizacional.
As relações de poder em Michel Foucault: reflexões teóricas
Authors: Ferreirinha Isabella Maria Nunes , Raitz Tânia Regina
Published: June 2010

Este artigo baseia-se em reflexões acerca das relações de poder em obras de Michel Foucault. Procurou-se percorrer o contexto de sua vida de forma introdutória e os diferentes modos de poder, perpassando pelas formas de força e disciplina. O procedimento metodológico foi a pesquisa bibliográfica dos acontecimentos considerados pelo autor em seu tempo, história e espaço. Diante do triângulo de Foucault (poder - direito - verdade) e das passagens em que ele se refere ao aparelho de Estado, este artigo compara o tripé da sociedade (Estado - mercado - sociedade civil) com o triângulo de Foucault. Constata-se que o poder está por toda parte e provoca ações ora no campo do direito, ora no da verdade. Deve ser entendido como uma relação flutuante, não estando em uma instituição nem em ninguém, enquanto o saber está numa relação de formas e conteúdos.
Comparación de ranking del Ministerio de Salud (Minsal) e impacto financiero de las 40 primeras patologías Auge-GES vigentes en Chile
Authors: Bustamante-Ubilla Miguel , Villarreal-Navarrete Patricia , Cisternas-Ramírez Carolina
Published: June 2010

El presente artículo compara el ranking Minsal de 40 patologías Auge-GES con el determinado por impacto financiero. Se elaboró una base de datos homogénea, se estandarizaron datos y se aplicaron correlaciones Pearson y Spearman. Se concluye que el criterio de impacto financiero cambia efectivamente las prioridades y modifica la congruencia social de la política de Estado.
Antibacterial effect (in vitro) of Moringa oleifera and Annona muricata against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
Authors: Viera Gustavo Hitzschky Fernandes , Mourão Jozeanne Alves , Ângelo Ângela Maria , Costa Renata Albuquerque , Vieira Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes
Published: June 2010

Antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of moringa (Moringa oleifera) and pods of soursop (Annona muricata) in the concentration of 1:5 and 1:10 in volumes 50, 100, 150 and 200 µL were examined against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli (isolated from the organism and the aquatic environment) and Salmonella Enteritidis. Antibacterial activity (inhibition halo > 13 mm) against S. aureus, V. cholerae and E. coli isolated from the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannmaei, was detected in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of moringa. E. coli isolated from tilapiafish, Oreochromis niloticus, was sensitive to the ethanolic extract of moringa. The aqueous extracts of soursop showed an antibacterial effect against S. aureus and V. cholerae, but the antibacterial activity by the ethanol extracts of this plant was not demonstrated.
Dengue in an elderly patient
Authors: Gorzoni Milton Luiz , Massaia Irineu Francisco Delfino Silva , Pires Sueli Luciano
Published: June 2010

Although elderly populations are more exposed to the risk of getting dengue, the clinical peculiarities of this disease in this age range are not well known. This report is about an 80-year-old woman with dengue complications, self-medicated with salicylate. Literature indicates a more severe clinical condition, high hospitalization rate and significant mortality. This is caused by previous infections by other serotypes of this arbovirus, presence of chronic diseases, immunosenescence and high drug consumption, especially salicylates and the like. Analyses are required in a public health perspective in order to help health professionals that care for patients with dengue in this age range.
Identificação das intervenções de enfermagem no Sistema de Alojamento Conjunto
Authors: Soares Alda Valéria Neves , Gaidzinski Raquel Rapone , Cirico Michelli Oliveira Vani
Published: June 2010

Diante da escassez de parâmetros que possibilitem conhecer a carga de trabalho existente no Sistema de Alojamento Conjunto (SAC), torna-se necessário identificar as atividades de enfermagem na assistência ao binômio mãe-filho. O estudo teve como objetivos: identificar as atividades de enfermagem realizadas no Alojamento Conjunto do HU-USP; classificar as atividades em intervenções de enfermagem, segundo a Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), e validar as intervenções. O levantamento das atividades foi realizado por meio dos registros e da observação direta da assistência de enfermagem, em todos os turnos. O conteúdo das intervenções foi validado com as enfermeiras da unidade, por meio da técnica de oficina de trabalho. Identificaram-se 43 intervenções diretas e indiretas de enfermagem, atividades associadas e atividades pessoais da equipe. O instrumento construído com as intervenções/atividades possibilitará, em futuros estudos, correlacionar o tempo despendido na execução dessas intervenções e, assim, propor parâmetros no dimensionamento de profissionais de enfermagem necessários ao SAC.
Atenção integral na saúde do idoso no Programa Saúde da Família: visão dos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Costa Maria Fernanda Baeta Neves Alonso da , Ciosak Suely Itsuko
Published: June 2010

O Brasil, até o ano de 2025, será o sexto país do mundo em número de idosos. É função das políticas públicas contribuir para que as pessoas alcancem idades avançadas com melhor saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o que pensam os profissionais sobre necessidades de saúde e atenção integral. Os sujeitos foram dezessete, que compõem duas equipes do Programa Saúde da Família, no Município de Santos. A abordagem foi qualitativa, os discursos foram analisados a partir da Representação Social, referencial teórico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A análise revelou que os profissionais se esforçam para atender as necessidades de saúde dos idosos através de ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde. No entanto, suas necessidades sociais e psicológicas não estão sendo atendidas. Concluímos que os idosos necessitam de maior integralidade e agilidade no sistema de saúde, porque possuem dificuldades no acesso e deslocamento nos serviços de saúde.
A Brinquedoteca como possibilidade para desvelar o cotidiano da criança com câncer em tratamento ambulatorial
Authors: Melo Luciana de Lione , Valle Elizabeth Ranier Martins do
Published: June 2010

A proposta deste estudo é desvelar o sentido de Ser-criança com câncer em tratamento ambulatorial, utilizando a brinquedo-teca como possibilidade de favorecer a expressão, pela criança, de seu mundo cotidiano. Participaram sete crianças entre três e nove anos, com diagnóstico de algum tipo de câncer infantil. A fim de desvelar o sentido das vivências das crianças com câncer, foi realizada uma análise à luz da fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger. A criança-com-câncer configurou-se como um ir e vir permeado ora pela autenticidade, quando a criança assumia sua doença e seu ser-para-a-morte, ora pela inautenticidade, quando se deixava levar pelo modo de ser da decadência dos familiares e da equipe de saúde. O brincar pôde favorecer um rico acesso às vivências da criança gravemente doente.
Promoção da informação sobre tecnologias e produtos orgânicos na Embrapa Hortaliças
Authors: Feitosa Paula Andréa Cochrane , Amaral Sueli Angélica do
Published: June 2010

Pesquisa descritiva, de caráter exploratório, com o objetivo de verificar como a informação sobre tecnologias e produtos orgânicos, divulgada pela Embrapa Hortaliças, é utilizada pelos produtores orgânicos de hortaliças do Distrito Federal. O estudo teve como universo os empregados da Embrapa Hortaliças envolvidos com o processo de divulgação dessa informação e os produtores orgânicos de hortaliças certificados do Distrito Federal. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da análise de documentos da empresa e do levantamento por entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com dois pesquisadores atuantes no Projeto Implantação do Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico da Agricultura do Distrito Federal (CDTORG), nove funcionários da Área de Comunicação e Negócios (ACN) da Embrapa Hortaliças e com 18 produtores orgânicos de hortaliças certificados do Distrito Federal. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foi observado que o processo de divulgação da informação sobre tecnologias e produtos orgânicos realizado pela empresa não possui foco no público receptor dessa informação, uma vez que não eram realizados estudos para identificar suas necessidades e preferências. Verificou-se que os produtores orgânicos de hortaliças eram indivíduos experientes, bem informados e que estavam cientes de muitos problemas do processo de divulgação estudado.
Information literacy - historical and conceptual bases: constructing meanings
Authors: Vitorino Elizete Vieira , Piantola Daniela
Published: June 2010

Recent years have witnessed the increasing interest in studies focused on information literacy, which is reflected mainly in the number of publications on the subject and goes beyond the fields of Librarianship and Information Science. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to offer an outlook, historical and conceptual, of international researches on information literacy, trying to show some of the different ramifications which the discussion on the subject has exhibited in past few years in countries where its process of legitimation is already well established, in order to illuminate possible areas of research and action for the librarian professional. This research indicates that if the initial studies on this topic tended to be devoted to conceptualize it, discussing its relevance and determine the skills and knowledge related to information literacy, in the last decade can be noticed a proliferation of researches aimed at describing initiatives or proposing models in areas beyond the usual field such as Medical Sciences, Law, Politics or Computers, among others. The first results of this research refer to a philosophical and educational perspective of information literacy, which suggests the need for deeper understanding and characterization of information literacy in four dimensions: technical, aesthetic, ethical and political, serving both to competence as to information.
Uma discussão acerca do papel da aprendizagem organizacional na formação de competências
Authors: Zangiski Marlene Aparecida da Silva Gonçalves , Pinheiro de Lima Edson , Gouvêa da Costa Sérgio Eduardo
Published: June 2010

O dinamismo do novo cenário socioeconômico, definido pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico, está provocando a transição de um modelo fundamentado na eficiência individual para outro, cujas bases se estabelecem em medidas da eficiência coletiva. Neste contexto, a aprendizagem organizacional figura como um processo que medeia a geração de conhecimento, de habilidades e de competências para as organizações. Este trabalho fundamenta-se na argumentação de que o conhecimento é o recurso mais importante para a competitividade empresarial, e de que as teorias sobre aprendizagem organizacional contribuem para a sua gênese. A aprendizagem organizacional interage com o conhecimento através de construções teóricas como competências e capacitações, que são definidas no nível organizacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as relações existentes entre os processos de aprendizagem organizacional e a formação e desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais, no âmbito da gestão de operações. Tais relações foram consolidadas na forma de um framework teórico-conceitual. A pesquisa utilizou abordagem qualitativa, cuja estratégia fundamentou-se em informações obtidas junto a especialistas (profissionais e acadêmicos) e em projeto de implantação de um modelo corporativo para a gestão estratégica de conhecimento. O resultado é o refinamento e teste de um framework que define as relações entre o processo de aprendizagem organizacional e a formação e desenvolvimento de competências que se estabelecem nesse nível. Observa-se que, no contexto da gestão estratégica de operações, a aprendizagem estabelece o processo através do qual se mobilizam recursos. No entanto, esta mobilização é mediada pelas competências organizacionais.
Determinação do módulo de elasticidade em madeira laminada colada por meio de ensaio não destrutivo (''stress wave timer'')
Authors: Cunha Alexsandro Bayestorff da , Matos Jorge Luis Monteiro de
Published: June 2010

As vigas estruturais de madeira são formas racionais do emprego da madeira na construção de estruturas, sendo obtidas pela associação de peças serradas e permitindo a utilização de tábuas com seções e comprimentos variados, além de combinações com madeira de qualidade diferenciada. Para atingir a resistência máxima de uma viga de madeira laminada colada, pode-se utilizar a classificação mecânica das peças por meio dinâmico. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer correlação entre os métodos estático e dinâmico de classificação de vigas de madeira laminada. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o emprego de peças de madeira serrada de Pinus taeda e adesivo resorcina fenolformaldeído. O processo de fabricação das vigas envolveu a classificação das peças, usinagem de emendas, formação das lamelas, montagem e prensagem das vigas. Já os ensaios envolveram a determinação do módulo de elasticidade por meio do ''stress wave method'' e de uma máquina universal de ensaios. Os resultados foram analisados pela análise de regressão do estabelecimento da equação de ajuste de correlação. O sistema de classificação visual utilizado na seleção de peças foi insuficiente para se atingirem os valores máximos de módulo de elasticidade; o posicionamento correto das lamelas por meio do método dinâmico de classificação teve como consequência direta o aumento do módulo de elasticidade da viga, e houve baixa correlação entre as formas de obtenção do módulo de elasticidade das vigas, não sendo possível a elaboração de equação adequada entre os métodos testados.
Efeitos da adubação fosfatada nas relações de interferência entre sorgo granífero e tiririca: I. Crescimento inicial
Authors: Erasmo Eduardo A. L. , Pitelli Robinson A.
Published: June 2010

Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos da aplicação de doses crescentes de fósforo sobre alguns parâmetros de cr es cimento inicial de plantas de Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (sorgo) e Cyperus rotundus L. (tiririca) desenvolvidas isoladas ou em convivência, foi conduzido um experimento em vasos, sob condições de casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, send que os tratamentos experimentais foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, onde constituíram variáveis: três condições de vegetação nos vasos (3 plantas de sorgo por vaso; população proveniente do plantio de quatro tubérculos de C. rotundus por vaso; três plantas de sorgo em convivência com a população proveniente do plantio de quatro tubérculos de C. rotundus por vaso) e seis doses de de fósforo (0,25, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg/kg de P). Para efeito da análise estatística dos dados foi considerado dentro de cada espécie um fatorial de 2 x 6, ou seja duas condições (isolado e convivência) e seis doses de fósforo. A fase experimental teve uma duração de 50 dia s. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi verificado que ambas espécies responderam de forma crescente à elevação da dose de adubação fosfatada, ocorrendo um incremento em todas as características avaliadas, sempre em menor grau quando crescidas juntas. Este aumento só foi significativo até a dose de 100 mg/kg de P para a tir irica e 150 mg/kg de P na cultura do sorgo, quando ambas se desenvolveram isoladamente. Já em convivência, a cultura do sorgo respondeu significativamente somente a partir da dose de 50 mg/kg, sendo precisamente nestas primeiras doses onde a tiririca exerceu seu maior poder de interferência, reduzindo significativamente a área foliar e acúmulo de matéria seca em folhas e colmos de sorgo. Por sua vez, a cultura de sorgo foi mais competitiva nas maiores doses de fósforo (150 e 200 mg/kg), o que pode estar provavelmente relacionado ao maior poder de sombreamento imposto pelo cultivo sobre a planta daninha. A presença do sorgo diminuiu a área foliar e o número e acúmulo de matéria seca em brotações e tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus. Com a elevação da dose de aplicação de fósforo, a tiririca apresentou uma maior alocação de matéria seca para parte aérea, do que para tubérculos.
Modeling economic growth fuelled by science and technology
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Costa , Ruiz Ricardo Machado , Bernardes Américo Tristão , Albuquerque Eduardo da Motta e
Published: June 2010

This paper suggests a simulation model to investigate how science and technology fuel economic growth. This model is built upon a synthesis of technological capabilities represented by national innovation systems. This paper gathers data of papers and patents for 183 countries between 1999 and 2003, as well as GDP and population for 2003. These data show a strong correlation between science, technology and income. Three simulation exercises are performed. Feeding our algorithm with data for population, patents and scientific papers, we obtain the world income distribution. These results support our conjecture on the role of science and technology as sources of the wealth of nations.
Nível e evolução da desigualdade dos gastos familiares no Brasil: uma análise para as regiões metropolitanas no período 1996 a 2003
Authors: Silveira Neto Raul da Mota , Menezes Tatiane Almeida de
Published: June 2010

A partir da utilização dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF) dos biênios 1995-96 e 2002-03, o trabalho fornece evidências a respeito dos níveis e da evolução da desigualdade da distribuição dos gastos familiares per capita e da desigualdade da distribuição do consumo familiar per capita no Brasil metropolitano e a respeito da importância dos diferentes tipos de gastos familiares nas dinâmicas observadas. Os resultados, obtidos a partir de indicadores tradicionais de desigualdade e de análises de Dominância de Lorenz, apontam para importantes movimentos em termos de diminuição da desigualdade em ambos os tipos de gastos. Medida a desigualdade pelo índice de Gini, observa-se que a redução deste índice é afetada de forma significativa pelas dinâmicas dos gastos com Habitação, Higiene e Cuidados Pessoais e Vestuário, favoráveis à diminuição da desigualdade, e pelas as dinâmicas dos gastos com Educação, Saúde e Alimentação, favoráveis à desigualdade. Diferenças regionais são apontadas a partir das regiões metropolitanas de Recife e São Paulo.