bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relatives of the first episode psychosis patients: Relations between assessment of the situation’s difficulty and psychological distress over time
Authors: Povilaitienė I. , Gailienė D. , Pakalniškienė V.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to assess relationships bet­ween the assessment of the situation’s difficulty and psychological distress over time by the relatives of the first episode psychosis patients.The sample of the study comprised 30 relatives (parents 63%, siblings 26%, and partners 10%) of the first episode psychosis patients. Participants of the study were interviewed during the first 10 days after the patient’s admission to the hospital, and then 3 months and 9 months after the first interview. Criteria of the participation in the study: an adult family member of a first-time hospitalized patient; the patient’s diagnosis – psychotic disorder (F20 or F30 with psychosis, ICD-10); a patient no older than 40. The study proceeded at psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius. Relatives: age M = 42.3, SD = 13.24); gender: men 37%, women 63%. Patients: age M = 24.07, SD = 4.87, gender: men 70%, women 30%. The following variables were investigated: demo­graphics, assessment of the situation’s difficulty (perceived psychological trauma subscale (Lewis, 2005)), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983)). Data were analyzed by the repeated Anova and testing by the cross-lagged panel design model.The results showed that the relatives’ assessment of the situation’s difficulty and distress improved significantly during the first three months. The prognostic value of distress and the assessment of the situation’s difficulty at Time 1 were different: assessment of the situation’s difficulty overtime was predicted by assessment at Time 1, but the distress overtime was not predicted by the distress at Time 1. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that dis­tress over-time was predicted by the assessment of the situation’s difficulty at Time 1. The results of this study suggest that professionals working with families should pay more attention to diminishing relatives’ negative assessment of the situation from the beginning, because it predicts significantly the later distress.
Intelligence structure of 16–18 years old intellectually gifted students
Authors: Šimelionienė A. , Gintilienė G.
Published: January 2019

The article analyses the intelligence structure of 16–18-year-old gifted students. Previous findings have indicated that high IQ individuals show more subtest scatter and a large discrepancy between abilities and very highly developed skills in some modalities, with many other cognitive skills being average or just slightly better. So, intelligence structure and subtests analysis, rather than IQ, became the focus of interpretation, and a multidimensional view of intelligence, provides a greater insight into the nature of human abilities than do summary intellectual indexes.Intelligence Structure Test 2000R (I-S-T 2000 R, Amthauer et al., 2001) was administrated in a group setting to 209 students aged 16–18 years from two schools in different Lithuanian towns. Data from 29 intellectually gifted students with Reasoning Total score 95 percentile and higher were included for analyses of intelligence structure.The exploratory factor analysis was applied to the I-S-T 2000 R basic module scores of intellectually gifted students to evaluate the validity I-S-T 2000 R for this population. A three-factor solution that mirrored the numerical, figural and verbal factors of the I-S-T 2000 normative sample appeared to be the most supportable.Intellectually gifted students had higher intellectual abilities, knowledge and memory skills than their peers. The mean of I-S-T 2000 R scale and subtest scores for this sample of gifted students was considerably above the normative mean. The significant differences in scores between gifted and norm groups were found for Calculations and Number Series subtests. Fluid (Gf) and Crystallized (Gc) Intelligence, Numerical (N) and Verbal (Vb) Intelligence discrepancies (Gf > Gc and N > Vb) for gifted students group were significantly greater discrepancies obtained in the standardization sample. Intellectually gifted students’ Verbal Memory scores wel significant higher Visual Memory scores and their Figural Knowledge scores was significantly higher than the Verbal Intelligence and Numerical Intelligence scores. The gifted students’ intellectual strengths are mathematical abilities, abilities to calculate, inductive and logical reasoning.
Self-regulation in early childhood: Analysis of the concept
Authors: Breidokienė Rima , Jusienė Roma
Published: January 2019

The concept of self-regulation plays one of the major roles in the field of developmental psychology and psychopatology. The importance of self-regulatory capacities for developmental outcomes and behaviors has been well documented in the literature. Contemporary researches on early self-regulation have the roots in the study of W. Mischel and colleagues (1989) who pioneered the studies on the ability of preschool-aged children to delay gratification and exert self-control in the face of strong situational pressures and emotional temptations. Research on the topic of self-regulation in early childhood has increased exponentially in the past 30 years since the first works of W. Mischel and his colleagues. In spite of the growing empirical data, the concept of self-regulation lacks empirical and conceptual clarity, and the developmental picture of self-regulation is fragmented and sometimes inconsistent. Thus, it is very important to make a regular review of the latest research data, integrate it with the existing knowledge and systems, and highlight the main characteristics of self-regulation in early childhood. The aim of the study was to analyze the content and structure of self-regulation and to highlight and discuss the problematic issues of the concept of self-regulation in early childhood. The theoretical discussion of the article covers the historical context of studies on self-regulation in early childhood and the analysis of the constructs conceptually related to self-regulation. The lack of the conceptual clarity of self-regulation is due to multiple perspectives of researchers on self-regulation and the multidimensional nature of this concept. Moreover, different tasks and tests are used to measure the self-regulatory skills of infants and preschool-aged children. The analysis of theoretical and empirical research on early self-regulation has shown that the concept of self-regulation is multidimensional and covers a continuum from effortful and controlled regulation to unconscious and automatic regulation. It is purposeful to conceptualize self-regulation as a unitary construct with multiple levels rather than a construct with multiple definitions. We have revealed several problematic aspects of the concept of self-regulation in early childhood: 1) the multilevel nature of self-regulation structure; 2) a dynamic interplay among self-regulation levels; 3) the differentiation of effortful and reactive control. The methodological challenges while measuring infants’ and preschool-aged children’s self-regulatory capacities as well as implications for future research are also discussed.
Adolescent activity vs passivity on social networking websites and its relations with loneliness and personality traits
Authors: Pociūtė Birutė , Krancaitė Erika
Published: January 2019

With the growing popularity of Internet communication among adolescents, the Internet has become an important social context of their development. Recent data have revealed that there are already are over 1 million Facebook users in Lithuania; one-fifth of Facebook users consists of adolescents 13–17 years old. Investigators have assumed that one of the main reasons encouraging individuals to use social network websites is to facilitate psychosocial problems such as loneliness. Scientists are discussing the Internet possibilities to extend the limits of real communication or to take its place. The aim of this investigation was to reveal the features of adolescents’ use of the social networking website Facebook and its relations with loneliness and personality traits. The study included 175 adolescents, age 13 to 18 years (M = 15.4; SD = 1.102). They filled in a questionnaire on the use of social website Facebook, UCLA loneliness scale (version 3; Russell, 1996), the personality traits questionnaire NEO-FFI (Costa and McCrae, 1992). The results show that 81.1% of teens are users of the social network site Facebook and spend very much time on Facebook, publishing a lot of personal information in the web profiles without paying due attention to privacy preservation. On the website, adolescents accumulate large amounts of “friends”, although relationship transfer from the reality to the Internet prevails. The study revealed two main activity types: socially proactive and socially passive. The results also show that the personality traits have an impact on teenagers’ behaviour on Facebook: neurotic teenagers’ activity on Facebook is socially passive; extraverted adolescents support the social enhance attitude, but they are not enough to communicate online and tend to actually meet people that first were met on Facebook. Teenagers with a highly expressed consciousness, in general, are not active Facebook users, and do not try to compensate for their loneliness by using the social network website Facebook. Very lonely teenagers show a socially passive activity, or a passive activity dominates, or in combination with a social activity. At the time, loneliness decreases, depending on how much time per day adolescents use the Facebook website.
The advantages and disadvantages of single case and group study design in neuropsychology
Authors: Margevičiūtė Ramunė
Published: January 2019

In this essay, the advantages and disadvantages of single case and group study research design methodologies are discussed. The arguments supporting one or the other study design are introduced relying on most prominent scientific opinions in the field. The terms of single and double dissociation are introduced. Examples from relevant neuropsychological studies are provided in order to illustrate the use of case and group study methodologies for single and double dissociation. The two study designs are shown to deal with single and double dissociations in their own way and to contribute significantly to the advancement of neuropsychological sciences. It is concluded that the research design method selected should be tailored to deal with the specific problems raised by the nature of the question under research and fit in the realm of the chosen cognitive theory.
Verification of the structure of psychological well-being in a representative Lithuanian sample
Authors: Kairys A. , Liniauskaitė A. , Bagdonas A. , Pakalniškienė V.
Published: January 2019

Some studies focusing on well-being were unable to distinguish two – hedonic and eudaimonic – components of well-being (Vitterso et al., 2010; Kashdan et al., 2008; Šarakauskienė, 2012). Previous comparatively smaller sample researches, conducted by the authors of this article, also yielded a single psychological well-being phenomenon (Bagdonas et al., 2012; 2013). Although a slightly different structure was established, studies could not isolate two traditional – hedonic and eudaimonic – components. The aim of this study was to verify the structure of psychological well-being in a representative Lithuanian sample using the original Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale.Methods. 1202 Lithuanian citizens aged 16–89 were enrolled in the research (M = 45.5 years, SD = 18.7 years). The study sample was representative of the Lithuanian population aged from 16 to 89 years according to gender, age, educational level, nationality, type of settlement, and region. The Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale, which consists of seven subscales (optimism / control, satisfaction with living standards, negative affectivity, satisfaction with relatives, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, satisfaction with physical health, satisfaction with work) was used in this study. Two items that depict satisfaction with living in Lithuania were not included in the factor analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using the SPSS 20 and structural equation modelling AMOS software.Results. The data obtained from the Lithuanian representative sample supports the same factor structure of the Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale (χ2 = 4851.0; df = 1487; p < 0.0001; RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.9; TLI = 0.889) that was established by previous studies. The scale consists of optimism / control, satisfaction with living standards, negative affectivity, satisfaction with relatives, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, satisfaction with physical health, and satisfaction with work subscales. All the mentioned subscales have a high internal consistency (Cronbach α is no less than 0.8).The testing of the second-order factor models has shown that psychological well-being is a coherent and unanimous phenomenon; even when two second-order factors representing the hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being are omitted in the model, the correlation between those two is very high (>0.8). The obtained results do not support the idea that the construct of well-being consists of two different foci; it seems like there is no hedonic or eudaimonic well-being, but just a person’s psychological well-being.
Problems of analysing quest or reconstruction of meaning after traumatic loss
Authors: Klimaitė Vaiva
Published: January 2019

In the literature on grief and loss, it is noticed that the quest or the reconstruction of meaning after a traumatic loss of significant others has a crucial impact on successfull coping with this traumatic experience. Existing research proves that traumatic loss strongly shatters the system of meaning of a trauma survivor, and thus it becomes harder to integrate this experience into the self structures or personal memory. This relation between quest or the reconstruction of meaninng and difficulties to cope with traumatic loss is a multidimensional process. Authors investigating it frequently get quite controversial results. However, it is necessary to combine and compare studies made in this field and to summarize the knowledge of quest or reconstruction of meaning having or not an impact on coping with traumatic loss. There, several problematic aspects emerge. One of the basic ones is that there are some attempts to generalize the process of grief after traumatic and other very different losses and the role of quest or reconstruction of meaning in this process. The problems may arise because different researchers have different attitudes and theoretical approaches to the meaning as such, use different concepts and definitions, e.g., if the concept finding meaning and quest of meaning means the same; regarding the problem of definitions, authors chose too distinct methods in their studies. During the last twenty years when attention to the quest or reconstruction of meaning after a traumatic loss is under investigation, there are quite a lot of results found, a huge variety of knowledge in this field; thus, it is needed to be able to generalize it. A more clear view to the quest or the reconstruction of meaning after a traumatic loss is important not only to scientists but also to practicians dealing with people surviving a traumatic loss of significant others as well. In this article, the main trends of researching the quest or reconstruction of meaning after a traumatic loss and the difficulties in comparing and generalizing the results of these different studies are discussed.
Attitudes of journalists who write about suicide towards guidelines for reporting on suicide and both favourable and unfavourable factors for compliance with the guidelines
Authors: Eimontas Jonas , Gailienė Danutė
Published: January 2019

Lithuania has one of the highest suicide rates in the world, but the issue hasn’t been properly addressed at the state level. Scientists have demonstrated that the inappropriate media portrayal of suicide can lead to imitative suicidal behavior. Specialists who understood the impact that the media reporting on suicide may cause have set up and started distributing recommendations for reporting on suicide. Recent findings show that the Lithuanian media has not yet developed the practice of responsible reporting on suicide, but there are signs that the situation is slowly improving (Eimontas, 2013). Studies from around the world show that there are several factors that contribute to the way reporters use and appreciate the guideliness for reporting on suicide. The purpose of the present study was to explore the attitudes towards suicide of the Lithuanian journalists who have written most about suicide during the years 2010 and 2011 and to identify both favourable and unfavourable factors for compliance with the guidelines.Methods. After analyzing 721 articles about suicide written in 2010–2011, we identified 50 journalists who covered the topic of suicide most often. The total of 12 reporters had been interviewed. Six of them were selected from those who have written the majority of articles about suicide (which did not conform to the guideliness) during the years 2010 and 2011. Six others were selected from the ones that have reported on suicide many times during the period, but their articles did conform to the guidelines. A thematic analysis was used to examine the data gathered during the interviews.Results. In this study, four out of 12 (33 percent) journalists who have written most often about suicide in 2010–2011 were not aware of the recommendations for reporting on suicide. The thematic analysis of the interviews with journalists has allowed to distinguish at least five factors that help to explain what factors influence whether journalists would use the guidelines when reporting on suicide. These factors are: personal characteristics of a journalist, journalists’ experience with suicide, knowledge about suicide, attitudes towards suicide, as well as guidelines and external influences (such as the editor, or the policy of the editorial office).
The subjective impact of the traumatic experience of clean-up workers of Chernobyl power plant accident 27 years after the disaster
Authors: Auškalnytė Aurelija , Skruibis Paulius , Povilaitienė Ieva , Grigienė Dovilė , Gailienė Danutė
Published: January 2019

A long-term psychological trauma is considered to be a possible consequence of being informed of radioactive contamination. In the case of the Chernobyl disaster, various circumstances possibly have led to even more serious psychological damage. For example, the socio-political context of the accident could be linked to extremely restricted information given out to the public. This disaster particularly affected clean-up workers, some of whom were brought from Lithuania, part of the Soviet Union at the time. This study thus is aimed to reveal the perceived impact of the traumatic experience of clean-up workers 27 years after the Chernobyl Disaster. Semi-structured 32 interviews with clean-up workers (age varying from 47 to 77 years), who are currently living in Lithuania, were conducted. A thematic analysis of the responses reveals that the clean-up workers are still feeling influenced by what they have experienced in Chernobyl. First of all, they link various health problems, which they are suffering from, to their presence in Chernobyl and express anxiety about the possible future illnesses, as they believe their bodies are irreversibly damaged by radiation. Secondly, the clean-up workers express a lot of anger towards the government for insufficiently supporting them financially and not showing enough gratitude for the work that they have done. Also, they experience a feeling of injustice as they believe that the government considers their experience in Chernobyl to be voluntary and not significantly influencing their present physical and psychological condition. Finally, post-traumatic stress symptoms were also found to be manifested. As the most distressing of those symptoms the clean-up workers name general irritability and anxiousness, although symptoms of intrusion and avoidance can also be detected as well as helplessness and a feeling of constantly living under threat. All these findings raise the awarness of how important it is that the government and society would validate the clean-up workers’ experiences – at least symbolically recognizing the long-term impact of being in Chernobyl as well as its involuntary nature. This recognition should also lead to the necessary physical and psychological help in consideration of the clean-up workers’ traumatic experiences and the psychological component of their physical illnesses.
Relations between executive functions and academic achievements in primary school children
Authors: Rakickienė Lauryna , Girdzijauskienė Sigita
Published: January 2019

Although the relations between executive functions and academic achievement are considered widely proven, due to the methodological limitations of most studies little can be said about the relational importance of various executive functions for achievements in math, reading, and writing. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of different executive functions postulated by Miyake et al. (2000) (response inhibition, working memory updating, and mental set shifting) on academic achievements in math, reading, and writing as well as the possible mediation effects of cognitive (verbal and performance intelligence) and behavioral variables (learning-related behavior and hyperactivity). In total, 101 children were tested in the second grade of a primary school on nine simple computer tasks intended to predominantly tap one of the three executive abilities: response inhibition, mental set shifting, and working memory updating. In addition, all participants completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). The construct validity of the executive function tasks was established by a confirmatory factor analysis: consistent with other latent variable studies of executive function, the three target executive abilities proved to be separable and moderately correlated with each other (Miyake et al., 2000; Rose et al., 2011). Academic achievement was evaluated by a teacher’s report. The research variables of hyperactivity and learning-related behavior were composed using teachers’ answers to the questions from the Hyperactivity Scale of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the parents’ and teachers’ answers to additional questions concerning children’s learning-related behavior. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the structural relations of predictors (latent factors of response inhibition, memory updating, and mental set-shifting), mediators (verbal intelligence, performance intelligence, hyperactivity, and learning-related behavior) and dependent variables (math, reading and writing achievement scores). Executive functions proved to be important predictors of academic achievement in primary school. Working memory updating was directly related to achievements in reading (β = 0.69, p = 0.04) and writing (β = 0.71, p = 0,01). Response inhibition and mental set-shifting were related to math achievement through behavioral mediators: children with a better ability to regulate inappropriate responses showed fewer symptoms of hyperactivity (β = –0.42, p = 0.05), which in turn led to higher achievements in math (β = –0.40, p = 0.001); children with better mental set-shifting demonstrated more appropriate learning-related behaviors (β = 0.49, p = 0.05), while learning-related behaviors also predicted math achievements (β = 0.26, p = 0,04). In contrast, verbal and performance intelligence did not have any significant relation to academic achievements in primary school.
Genotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of aminoguanidine on gamma-irradiated MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Authors: Fonseca Danielle Cabral , Ocampo Ivette Zegarra , Vieira Daniel Perez
Published: January 2019

The intracellular production of nitric oxide is studied as a relevant phenomenon in exposure to ionizing radiation. There is evidence of local nitric oxide production in solid tumours. Its effects were observed on the relationship between their presence with tumor progression, linked to the emergence of potential genotoxic or cytotoxic damage, or loss of proliferative capacities of tumour cells. The study evaluated the effects of the administration of aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of an isoform of nitric oxide synthase on the frequency of genotoxic damage, loss of clonogenic potential, induction of cytotoxicity and nitrite production after exposure to ionizing radiation in radiotherapeutic doses. Human breast tumor (MCF7) cells were treated with aminoguanidine (1 or 2 mM) and irradiated by gamma radiation at doses between 0.5 and 8Gy. The study used a well stablished technique with some modifications for evaluation of genotoxic damage by frequency of micronuclei in binucleated cells. In cultures treated with 1 mM, we observed increased cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and reduction of the clonogenic potential of the colonies. Alternatively, 2 mM aminoguanidine produced the opposite effect, apparently protecting cultures from the effects of exposures. The experiments suggested that the administration of aminoguanidine may reduce the in vitro radiossensitivity of tumors due to the increase of the frequency of genotoxic damage.
Study for pediatric protocol optimization in chest CT scans
Authors: FREDERICO Marcel Javier , Banguero Yolma , Cerecetto Hugo , Santana Priscila , Oliveira Fernando , Mourao Arnaldo Prata
Published: January 2019

Radiological exams are increasingly used in clinic for diagnostic analysis of different types of pathologies. These tests are associated with a dose that is received by the patient. In addition, the risks in exposure to ionizing radiation are different according to the group which the individual belongs. According to age, the group of children is more radiosensitive than adults. In this work we have obtained values of the air-weighted kerma index for chest scans studies in a Genereal Electric Computed Tomography (CT) scanner model Discovery with 64-channels. Using an adult protocol, two scans have been performed, one using a cylinder standard PMMA phantom while the second one has used an oblong chest phantom designed for a two year old pediatric patient. Furthermore, other protocols have been selected by varying the X-ray tube current but maintaining the same voltage, in order to obtain a reduction in the dose received by the pediatric patient but maintaining the image quality. The use of the adult protocol in the child phantom has generated a value in the air-weighted kerma index 89.47% greater than that received using the adult phantom. As small patients receive higher doses, the use of specific protocols for children is important for the dose reduction in CT tests. Due to the different characteristics of CT scanners and in order to optimize these protocols with regard to dose and diagnostic image quality, there is a need to have pediatric phantoms in health centers
Análise crítica da legislação federal brasileira para controle de qualidade em radiologia: mamografia
Authors: Gomes Batista Wilson Otto , Ribeiro Joseane Cardoso
Published: January 2019

A modernização e incorporação de novas tecnologias nos equipamentos de diagnóstico por imagem ocorrem continuamente. O mamógrafo é um dos equipamentos que, nas ultimas décadas, incorporou maior quantitativo de novos recursos. Dentre esses recursos, seguramente, o mais importante foi a adoção dos receptores digitais. No entanto, normalmente, as regulamentações destinadas a avaliação da segurança e qualidade da imagem, apresentam algum nível de desatualização. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estado da regulamentação brasileira aplicável ao controle de qualidade em radiologia diagnóstica, mamografia. Foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre quatro documentos, a normativa vigente no Brasil-Portaria SVS/MS 453/98 e três protocolos internacionais que foram adotados como referência para o controle de qualidade em mamografia: AIEA-TECDOC 1517; IAEA/ARCAL XLIX, Protocol Español de Control de Calidad en Radiodiagnóstico. A análise comparativa desses documentos foi baseada nos aspectos de verificação; periodicidade e tolerância dos testes selecionados. Como resultados foram verificados que para sistemas analógicos a regulamentação nacional não contempla em geral 59% de parâmetros essenciais. Especificamente para os sistemas digitais a regulamentação nacional prevê apenas verificações relativas ao gerador de raios X. Desta forma deixa uma lacuna de 100% dos testes específicos para avaliação do receptor de imagem digital. As lacunas e deficiências ocorrem por: definições físicas que não se aplicam ao propósito do teste; valores limites e/ou periodicidade aquém do esperado atualmente para o parâmetro avaliado. Conclui-se que apesar do Brasil ser signatário de alguns destes documentos internacionais, a desatualização ou omissão de alguns itens fundamentais para a avaliação da qualidade da imagem, produzem resultados insatisfatórios na obtenção de imagens mamográficas. Por esta razão torna-se urgente a atualização da normativa brasileira para contemplar o estado atual da tecnologia.
A type 2 diabetes mellitus patient was successfully treated by autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation: A case report
Authors: Le Phuong Thi-Bich , Doan Nguyen Phu-Van , Tien Phan Van , Hoang Dang Ngo Chau , Phan Ngoc Kim , Pham Phuc Van
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) iscurrently one of the most common diseases as a result of obesity and aging. Currently, T2DMis treated by various methods, such as insulin injection and glucose regulation agents. In this report, we report the case of a T2DM patient who was successfully treated by autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation.

Methods: The patient was diagnosed with T2DM by standard methods for more than ten years. The patient agreed to be treated by the new approach – autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation. The bone marrow was collected from the patient twice at 100 mL volume each time. The stem cellenriched mononuclear cells (MNCs) in the bone marrow were isolated by gradient centrifugation. MNCs were intravenously transfused into the patient twice within the 1-month interval. The lasting glucose and 2h-after meal glucose, as well as hemoglobin A1c (Hab1c), were recorded before transplantation, and 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-transplantation.

Results: The results showed that there were no adverse effect recorded during the monitoring period, and that the T2DM symptoms significantly improved. After the first round of transplantation, the glucose level reduced considerably and continued to decrease out to 3 months. Meanwhile, after 2 months of transplantation, the Hab1C level decreased and achieved the average level at the 3rd month of treatment. After 6 months, the patient was free from insulin injection and maintained glucose and Hab1c level. To date, after 9 months of treatment; the patients has continued to be free from insulin injection and without any adverse effects.

Conclusion: The primary results have suggested that autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation may be a new direction for T2DM treatment.
Los avatares del vínculo conyugal a la llegada de un hijo con autismo
Authors: Cuervo Botero Gladiz Rossana
Published: February 2019

Este artículo es resultado de una investigación que tuvo como propósito identificar y analizar los efectos de un hijo con autismo en el vínculo conyugal. Se realizó una investigación que combinó el método de naturaleza cualitativa con el análisis e interpretación desde presupuestos teóricos del psicoanálisis. El artículo presenta situaciones singulares y comunes de cómo el componente relacional de las parejas entrevistadas se ve afectado ante la llegada de este hijo, las cuales dependen de la condición subjetiva y de las experiencias previas y actuales de cada pareja.
Presentación
Authors: Sandoval García Carlos
Published: January 2019

Este volumen 44-2018 del Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos es el más centroamericano de los que hemos publicado en muchos años, pues apenas 3 de los 16 artículos refieren exclusivamente a Costa Rica. Es mi esperanza que el trabajo que realizamos desde el Anuario colabore, aunque sea en una minúscula medida, a la comprensión de la realidad centroamericana. Si se pudiera soñar, es también mi esperanza que nuestro trabajo contribuya en la construcción de sociedades justas; algo que se escribe fácil pero que se ha probado enormemente difícil de conseguir.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DOS SERVIÇOS DE UMA EMPRESA DO RAMO DE CONFECÇÃO NA REGIÃO OESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Kawacki Schneider Rafael Augusto , Walter Silvana Anita , Soares Mario Luiz
Published: February 2019

Conhecer as necessidades e expectativas dos clientes é necessário para que as empresas elaborem suas estratégias e se tornem mais competitivas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a qualidade dos produtos e serviços prestados por uma empresa do ramo de confecção localizada no Oeste do Paraná. Para coleta de dados foi realizado levantamento de dados por meio de um questionário estruturado baseado na escala SERVQUAL aplicado aos clientes. Para análise empregou-se estatística descritiva com cálculos das médias, desvio padrão, correlação e teste-t, bem como exame de conteúdo para apreciação de questões abertas sobre pontos fortes, fracos e sugestões de melhoria. Pela análise dos gaps percebeu-se que em praticamente todas as dimensões pesquisadas a percepção do desempenho atual é maior do que a expectativa. A que apresentou maior confiabilidade foi Produto, seguida por Empatia, Confiabilidade, Segurança, Tangíveis e Presteza.
In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts
Authors: Dar K. K. , Ali S. , Ejaz M. , Nasreen S. , Ashraf N. , Gillani S. F. , Shafi N. , Safeer S. , Khan M. A. , Andleeb S. , Mughal T. A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Methods One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 μg/μl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. Results The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. Conclusion Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.
“El tiempo de los libertos”: conflictos y litigación en torno a la ley de vientre libre en el Río de la Plata (1813-1860)
Authors: Candioti Magdalena
Published: January 2019

Resumen El presente artículo busca profundizar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de abolición de la esclavitud en la Argentina y su carácter gradual. Para ello aborda las disputas judiciales y las consecuencias sociales que generaron dos leyes que abrieron este proceso en la región rioplatense, la ley “declarando libres a los hijos de las esclavas” -establecida en febrero de 1813 y conocida como ley de vientre libre- y el posterior “Reglamento para la educación y ejercicio de los libertos”. El artículo persigue dos objetivos centrales. Por un lado, dar cuenta de la fragilidad de la libertad de esos niños y jóvenes emancipados y mostrar que la ambigüedad de su condición no fue casual, sino que se enraizó en la tradición del patronato de libertos y se tradujo en derechos negados, en incertidumbres sobre las potestades de los patrones e incluso en la posible reversibilidad del status liberi. Por otro lado, el trabajo rastrea las estrategias que desplegaron niños y jóvenes libertos (y sus seres queridos) para hacer efectivos los nuevos derechos sancionados, dando cuenta así del carácter de conquista que ellos tuvieron y no de gracia otorgada por élites compasivas o liberales. El estudio muestra finalmente que los perfiles y el alcance de la libertad fueron definidos en los tribunales, en las casas y en la calle, de modo casuístico y sobre la base de una intensa negociación y de luchas cotidianas.
A relação pescoço-coxa (RPCx) pode servir como índice antropométrico para diagnosticar a síndrome metabólica?
Authors: Lisboa Kenya Waleria de Siqueira Coêlho , Lira Neto José Claudio Garcia , Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura de , Freitas Roberto Wagner Júnior Freire de , Gomes Emiliana Bezerra , Bispo Gláucia Margarida Bezerra , Rodrigues Eduarda Maria Duarte , Damasceno Marta Maria Coelho
Published: January 2019

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a Relação Pescoço-Coxa (RPCx) como índice antropométrico para diagnosticar a Síndrome Metabólica em estudantes universitários brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 691 adultos (> 18 anos) de ambos os sexos. Foram investigados os seguintes parâmetros antropométricos: circumferência abdominal, circumferência de pescoço, circumferência de coxa, índice de massa corporal e RPCx. Além disso, foram coletados dados laboratoriais, tais como: triglicérides, glicemia e colesterol HDL. Resultados: Foram encontrados valores de circumferência abdominal (83,59 ± 10,68 cm), de pescoço (37,29 ± 2,36 cm), coxa (52,37 ± 5,71 cm) e relação de pescoço-coxa (0,72 ± 0,07 cm) superiores entre os homens (p <0,001). Ao analisar os componentes da síndrome, a RPCx mostrou uma correlação linear positiva estatisticamente significante com todos. Conclusão: Nesta pesquisa foi demonstrado que a RPCx não serve como critério diagnóstico da SM, mas indica alterações nos componentes constituintes da síndrome.
Associação entre qualidade de vida e ambiente de trabalho de enfermeiros
Authors: Santos Roselaine Raimundo dos , Paiva Miriam Cristina Marques da Silva de , Spiri Wilza Carla
Published: January 2019

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre dados demográficos e laborais, qualidade de vida e ambiente de trabalho dos enfermeiros. Método: Pesquisa transversal e correlacional em hospital universitário terciário. Participaram 143 enfermeiros, por meio de instrumentos autoaplicáveis no período de janeiro a junho de 2017. A relação entre escores da qualidade de vida, ambiente de trabalho e dados demográficos e laborais foi analisada pelo ajuste de modelos de regressão linear múltipla com resposta normal para cada domínio do instrumento. Relações foram estatisticamente significativas se p<0,05. Resultados: O ambiente de trabalho apresentou média de 2,3 e a qualidade de vida 14,1. As associações mostraram significância estatística negativa: trabalho em unidades especiais e fechadas nos domínios físico e psicológico; receberam promoção nos últimos 12 meses no domínio psicológico; avaliados positivamente no domínio social; suporte organizacional no domínio social e trabalham de 36-40 horas semanais no domínio ambiental. As associações positivas foram: estão satisfeitos com o salário nos domínios psicológico e ambiental; controle sobre o ambiente no domínio social e tempo de trabalho de seis a 15 e >20 anos no domínio ambiental. Conclusão: As escalas apresentaram escores favoráveis para qualidade de vida e ambiente de trabalho. As associações mostraram significância estatística em melhores escores de qualidade de vida para os que estão satisfeitos com o salário e com tempo de trabalho acima de seis anos e escores menores para os que trabalham em unidades fechadas e especiais, 36-40 horas semanais e que foram promovidos e avaliados positivamente nos últimos 12 meses.
Civil engineering heritage: country profile – USA
Authors: Friedman Donald
Published: January 2019

This paper is a review of the civil engineering heritage of the USA, one of a series of national profiles being published by Engineering History and Heritage. It is presented under five major headings: ‘Major civil engineering achievements of the USA’, ‘Recognition of engineering heritage’, ‘Exemplar conservation of engineering structures’, ‘Information sources for engineering heritage’ and ‘References’. This profile discusses the development of civil engineering structures and examples of heritage importance in earthworks, canals, water supply, roads, railroads, bridges, tunnels and buildings.
Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Anlama Becerilerinde Ölçme ve Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: KERAY DİNÇEL Betül , DENİZ Kemalettin
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkçe öğretmenlerinin Türkçe
eğitiminin, okuma becerisinin, dinleme/izleme becerisinin ölçme ve
değerlendirmesine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel bir
çalışmadır. Çalışma grubu olarak ön uygulamada 5, ana uygulamada 50 öğretmenden
görüş alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu
kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formunda 23 soru yer almaktadır. İçerik analizi yöntemi
kullanılarak veriler incelenmiştir. Türkçe öğretmenlerinin Türkçe eğitimi,
okuma ve dinleme becerilerinin ölçme ve değerlendirmesine ilişkin görüşleri
incelendiğinde genellikle ölçme ve değerlendirme kavramını bilmedikleri, ölçme
ve değerlendirmeyi ağırlıklı olarak sürecin sonunda kullandıkları, Türkçe Dersi
Öğretim Programı (5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar) ve kitaplardaki ölçme ve
değerlendirme araçlarını çoğunun kullanmadığı, öğrenme alanlarına göre ayrı
ayrı puanlama yapmadıkları, anlama becerilerinin ölçümüne yönelik başta açık
uçlu ve kısa cevaplı olmak üzere aynı soru türlerini kullandıkları, özellikle
sınıfların kalabalık olması gibi pek çok sorun belirttikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
1980-2008 Yılları Arasında Yazılmış Yerli Çocuk Tiyatrosu Metinlerinin Söz Varlığı Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞEN Erhan
Published: January 2019

Çocuklara seslenen
yazınsal türlerin incelenmesinde yapılacak öncelikle çalışmalardan biri söz
varlığına dönük değerlendirmelerdir. Bu çalışmada da 1980-2008 yılları arasında
yazılmış yerli çocuk tiyatrosu metinlerindeki söz varlığı öğeleri (sözcükler, özel
adlar, ikilemeler, deyimler, atasözleri) belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel
araştırma yöntemine dayalı bu çalışmada verilerin çözümlenmesi için içerik
çözümlemesinden yararlanılmıştır.
Çalışmada 100 yerli çocuk tiyatrosu metni incelenerek 100.000 sözcüklük bir
havuz oluşturulmuştur. Bu sözcük havuzunda belirlenen farklı sözcük sayısı
7264’tür. Söz varlığı öğelerinden özel adlar en fazla sıklığa sahipken
atasözlerinin sıklık düzeylerinin en alt düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak bazı
araştırmaların bulgularıyla karşılaştırıldığında bu metinlerin atasözü
kullanımı yönünden yeterli bir sıklığa sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Geleneksel
anlatılardaki karakterleri ve ulusal geçmişle ilgili kimlik, kurum ve mekânları
simgeleyen özel adlar bu metinlerde önemli bir sıklık düzeyine sahiptir.
İkilemeler yönünden ise bu metinlerde çocuk tiyatrosu çalışmalarının temel
amacını yansıtan bir seçimin egemen olduğu söylenebilir. Dayanışmanın önemini
vurgulayan ya da birlikte güçlüklerin üstesinden gelme iletisini içeren
ikilemelerin sıklık düzeyinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Türkçe Eğitimi Konularını Temel Alan Drama Çalışmalarına Yönelik Bir İnceleme
Authors: AYTAŞ Gıyasettin , ÖZCAN Şeyda
Published: January 2019

Bu
araştırmada, Türkçe eğitiminde drama yönteminin kullanımını temel alan
lisansüstü tezler incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın evrenini, 386 tez
oluşturmaktadır. Türkçe eğitimi kapsamında yer alan bilim dalı ve ana bilim
dalı başlıklarında taranan drama tezleri doğrudan araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir.
Eğitim ve Öğretim konu başlığında, Türkçe eğitimi bilim dalı ve ana bilim
dalları içerisinde yer almayan ancak Türkçe eğitimi konuları ile temellendirilen
diğer tezlerin de araştırmaya dâhil edilmesiyle 26 yüksek lisans ve 4 doktora
tezi olmak üzere 30 tez, araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Araştırma
sonucunda, Türkçe eğitimi konularını temel alan drama tezlerinin çoğunlukla
uygulama temelli olduğu, yönteme yönelik ilk tezlerin betimsel çalışmalar
olarak planlandığı, incelenen tezlerde drama yönteminin kullanımını planlayan
model önerilerinin yer aldığı, yöntemin öğrenci başarısı üzerindeki etkisinin
araştırıldığı, drama alanında Türkçe öğretmenleri ve öğretmen adaylarının
yeterliliklerinin irdelendiği, Türkçe dersi kapsamında, sınırlandırılmış
konulara yönelik araştırmaların da yapıldığı görülmüştür.
Türkçe Dersi Kapsamında Gerçekleştirilen Yaratıcı Yazma Uygulamalarının Öğrencilerin Tutumları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Meta-Analiz İle İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Nurullah
Published: January 2019

Öğrencilerin bilişsel gelişimleri için önemli
etkinliklerden biri olarak görülen yaratıcı yazma uygulamaları, doğası
itibarıyla da öğrenci merkezli çağdaş eğitim anlayışlarına uygun bir yöntem
olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yaratıcı yazma ile ilgili alanyazında
gerçekleştirilmiş birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen tüm bu çalışmaların
sonuçlarını birleştirerek üst düzey analizlerle daha kesin sonuçlara ve
genellemelere ulaşmaya çalışan meta-analiz araştırmalarına rastlanılamamıştır.
Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkçe dersi kapsamında gerçekleştirilen
yaratıcı yazma uygulamalarının öğrencilerin tutumları üzerindeki etkisini
meta-analiz ile belirlemek olarak ifade edilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde gerekli
olan tüm analizlerde Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA), yazılımı
kullanılmıştır. Sabit etkiler modeline göre %95 güven aralığında
gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda, ortalama etki büyüklüğü 0,669 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuç, Cohen vd.
(2011)’e göre yorumlandığında, yaratıcı yazma etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin tutumlarını
arttırma açısından orta düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.