bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Korean Elderly with Dementia: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Kyung Ja , Kang Mi-Jung
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the effects of horticultural therapy on Korean elderly with dementia.Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and eight domestic databases, until February 2021. Data extraction and the risk of bias assessment were independently conducted by two authors. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis.Results: Of the 478 studies retrieved from the databases, 21 studies were included in the final analysis. A total of 93 outcome variables were analyzed in 21 literatures. The overall effect size of the horticultural treatment program was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.74~1.09, p<.001), which was statistically significant. Compared to the control group, horticultural therapy improved cognitive functions (SMD=0.71, 95% CI: 0.42~0.99, I2=79.9%), psychosocial functions (SMD=1.01, 95% CI: -0.70~1.31, I2=67.8%), and physical functions (SMD=1.05, 95% CI: 0.77~1.33, I2=72%) in Korean elderly with dementia.Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that horticultural therapy improved the cognitive, psychosocial, and physical functions of dementia patients compared to subjects in the control group.
Mediating effect of Maternal and Paternal Family Relationship between Neuroticism and Postpartum Depression: The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model
Authors: Seo Hye Gyeong , Kim Suk-Sun
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating effect of family relationship between personality traits and postpartum depression by using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM).Methods: Participants were 197 married couples within one year of childbirth. The APIMeM using path analysis was used to determine direct and indirect effects of personality and family relationships on postpartum depression between wives and husbands in AMOS 22.0.Results: Data showed an actor effect suggesting that the higher the neuroticism level in wives, the higher the postpartum depression level. In husbands, data indicated an actor effect suggesting that the higher the neuroticism level in husbands, the higher the postpartum depression level; however, neither wives nor husbands showed a partner effect. Data showed an actor effect suggesting that the higher the family relationship level for both wives and husbands, the lower the postpartum depression level; however, neither wives nor husbands showed a partner effect. Data showed a mediating effect of neuroticism in wives on postpartum depression through the family relationship.Conclusion: The study results indicate that, to prevent postpartum depression, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program for couples that can improve the personalities and family relationship of couples.
A Comparative Study of the Factors Associated with Geriatric Depression between Two Sex Groups Living Alone
Authors: Hong Eunhye , Kim Youkyung , Park Junghyun , Kim Heejung
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify depression rates depending on the sex among elderly people living alone and to compare depression-related ecological system factors between two sex groups.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging survey in 2018. A total of 893 elders living alone were included (152 men and 741 women). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify depression-related ecological system factors depending on the sex.Results: Men had significantly higher rates of depression (28.6%) than women (24.0%, p<.001). Depression-related ecological system factors in elderly women were higher educational level, poor subjective health status, impairment of instrumental activities of daily living, low satisfaction with children’s relation, financial based on children’s support, and rare meetings with close people. However, relation satisfaction with children was the only relevant depression-related ecological system factor in the men’s group.Conclusion: Our study findings show that depression-related ecological system factors vary depending on the sex of elderly people living alone. Thus, mental health professionals should provide sex-specific interventions to develop or implement depression-prevention strategies for the elderly living alone depending on the sex.
Linguo-cultural tupe «journalist» in the modern media discourse
Authors:   University of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Sukalenko Tetiana
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the view that a journalist as a linguistic and cultural type is a recognizable representative of a certain group of people, whose behavior corresponds to stereotypes about such people. The conceptual characteristics of the linguistic and cultural type «journalist», based on definitions, descriptions, interpretations, have been determined. The positions of journalists by type of activity – a newspaperman, a publicist, a reporter, a correspondent, a commentator, a columnist, an editor have been analyzed and the specifics of their activities has been clarified on the example of modern media: a newspaperman is a professional journalist who works in a newspaper; a publicist is a journalist who writes journalistic works, presents material devoted to topical socio-political events; a reporter is an employee of the newspaper, radio, television who writes reports on the facts of everyday life, prepares operational information material for the magazine, newspaper, radio, television; a correspondent is an employee of a newspaper, magazine, radio who sends prepared materials, publishes them or broadcasts them; a commentator – a journalist who makes comments on radio, television, in magazines, newspapers, etc.; a columnist – a journalist who prepares reviews for radio or television, is the author of publications of a general nature for a magazine, newspaper or other publication; an editor is the head of a publication, newspaper or magazine. The texts of the media present various commentators – political, international, military, economic, columnists of newspapers, magazines etc. Media discourse refers to the editor of an online publication, the editor of an international analytical publication, the editor of a newspaper, and the editor of a magazine. The proposed model of description of the linguistic and cultural types «journalist» can be used to study types on a wider textual material, as well as to implement a comparative approach to the study of linguistic and cultural types in different languages and cultures.
About some methods of working with linguistic and cultural material while learning a foreign language
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli Kutaisi State University, Tsertsvadze Mziya
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe significant methods of working with linguistic and cultural material. To achieve the purpose of the study were used mainly theoretical research methods. namely the analysis of pedagogical literature and educational materials, forecasting. The material for the study was theoretical sources in the field of theory and methodology of teaching a foreign language, textbooks, video materials of linguistic and cultural content. Аll the listed in the article methods for presenting materials of regional and linguistic content contribute to the transfer of foreign culture to students, contribute to their involvement in the dialogue of cultures, develop their creative and cognitive skills, increase interest in learning a foreign language in general.
Lexical variation in the dialectal continuum: a new study on word, time and space
Authors:   Institute of Ukrainian Studies I. Kripyakevich NAS of Ukraine, Bahniuk Natalia
Published: December 2021

Review of the monograph: Osowski Błażej. Wariantywność leksykalno-semantyczna języka wielkopolskich inwentarzy z drugiej połowy XVIII wieku. Studia z dialektologii historycznej [Gwary Dziś Monografie. T. IV. Pod. red. J. Sierociuka]. Poznań : Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa przyjaciół nauk, 2019.
Northern zone of speeches of Nadvirnyan district of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk Law Institute of the National University ", Kyslyak Lesya ,   Odesa Law Academy"
Published: December 2021

In the article on the material of the mapped dialect phenomena of different structural levels in the dialects of settlements of Nadvirna district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast areological processes in the northern zone of Nadvirna are described, in particular, identified zonal and island areas of the northern zone and the distribution of Pokutia areas are studied. With the help of descriptive, comparative, linguistic and geographical methods it was revealed that for a hundred years Pokutia dialect has significantly reduced its territory of functioning in the Nadvirna region. The article states that the post-graphic interpretation of Pokutia areas fully confirms the opinion of Yu. V. Shevelyov about the transitional status of Pokutia dialect between Hutsul and Transnistria ones. It is determined that border line drawn between the Gavrylivka – Parysche – Lisna Velesnytsia – Strymba – Loyeva dialects is apparently the main dividing line between the Pokut and Transnistria dialects, from it to the northwest to the Strymba River and north-east to the Kolomyia district. mixed-transitional dialects of the Pokutia – Transnistrian type. The conditional line between Loyev – Krasna – Dobrotiv – Lanchyn – Sadzhavka dialects distinguishes between Hutsul and Pokut dialects, and dialects to the north of it can be considered mixed-transitional dialects of the Pokutia – Hutsul type, which confirm the observations of predecessors.
Polissia-Сarpathian relations on the maps of The Slavic Linguistic Atlas
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the NAS of Ukraine, Tkachuk Maryna
Published: December 2021

The article considers the types of areal connections of two archaic Ukrainian dialect areas – Polissia and the Carpathians, presented on the maps of the lexical and word-formational series of the fundamental multi-volume work The Slavic Linguistic Atlas, both in published issues and those under study. The types of isoglosses, the configuration of the areas of distribution of some lexical units in the Polissia dialect and Carpathian dialects on atlas maps and in a broader view, with an approach to the all-Slavic context, are analyzed. It was found that many maps identify continuous lexical areas that connect Polissia and the Carpathians against the background of the Ukrainian or even wider. Common areas have also been identified in the Ukrainian northern dialects and the Carpathian dialects, but they are not continuous, interrupted by a wide range of other lexical forms, which cover most of the Ukrainian south-western dialects; there are distinct areas limited by Carpathian and West-Polissian (and sometimes Central-Polissian) isoglosses. Data from lexicographical and descriptive works were also used for the analysis, which allowed to reveal the so-called hidden isoglosses, both internal and external, in the Eastern, Western and Southern Slavic dialectal continuum.
Phrasemes with antonymic components (based on poetic texts)
Authors:   Higher Educational Establishment of Ukoopspilka ", Bobukh Nadiia ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade"
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the semantic functions of phrasemes with antonymic components in the poetic dictionary. Among the established collocations with semantically opposite components, recorded in poetic texts, two functional and semantic groups have been distinguished: phrasemes as a means of characterization of the individual and phrasemes used to evaluate objects, phenomena and processes of objective reality. As a result of the analysis, it has been found out that the phraseological units of the first group characterize age, physical properties, mental state, emotions, actions, religious beliefs of the individual and others. Among the phrasemes of the second group in poetic texts, typical phrases with antonymic components which represent the temporal characteristics of the action or state have been identified. Among the phrasemes that express locative relations, predominate established collocations, the components of which indicate the coverage of the whole space and form a stylistic figure – amphitheses. It has been found out that commonly used phraseological units, which are based on semantically opposed lexical units, undergo the following individual author’s transformations in poetic works: replacement of the stylistically neutral component of phraseological unit by its expressive synonym; expansion of phraseological unit by introducing additional components to clarify and enhance expressiveness; anonymization of a phraseological unit by replacing the connecting conjunction and in its composition by the negative particle no (not); creation of occasional meaning of a phraseological unit. The analysis of the factual material has shown that phrasemes with antonymic components in poetic texts perform various semantic functions (characterize the mental state, emotions, physical properties, actions of the individual; represent temporal and locative relations). Commonly used established collocations with semantically opposite components undergo various transformations in poetic works.
Metacommunicative function of speech clichés
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Koknova Tetiana
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the metacommunicative function of the speech cliché, examines the structure of metacommunicative communication, considers the principles of successful communication (the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness). The specificity of the research topic is related to the study of the metacommunicative function of speech clichés, conversational formulas that involve a pragmatic component, helping to organize the social interaction of individuals. The object of the study is speech clichés, which are actively used by communicants in the act of verbal communication. The definition of metacommunicative function of language is introduced, and states that it provides socially acceptable, situationally determined, and successful in implementing the communicative intentions of the speaker, as well as psychologically comfortable course of communicative act at every stage. It is established that in the context of four functions of language speech clichés fulfill mainly a pragmatic function. The reproducibility of speech clichés in various communicative situations indicates that communicators consciously choose the cliché to achieve their communicative goals, and they successfully achieve them with the help of clichés. Examples of speech clichés used in three phases of metacommunicative communication (getting into speech contact; keeping speech contact; breaking speech contact off) are singled out and given. The main metacommunicative tasks that are solved in the phase of getting into speech contact, and which are related to the communicative intention of the speaker and aimed at creating favorable conditions for communication, are analyzed. Features of specialized and non-specialized metacommunicative signals of establishing speech contact are considered. It is concluded that the metacommunicative function of clichés in language is reproducibility. However, in addition to the sign of reproducibility, clichés have a situational connection, as they acquire a specific reference only in the relevant communicative acts. The metacommunicative function of speech clichés has a special status of speech function, which provides socially acceptable, situation determined, effective and psychologically comfortable course of communicative act at every stage of metacommunication or actual communication.
Balina Şarkısı: Kambur Balina Megaptera Novaeangliae Kültürlerinde Müzikal Pratikler
Authors: Keleş Ali
Published: December 2021

Erkek kambur balinalar (Megaptera novaeangliae) “şarkı” olarak adlandırılan uzun, karmaşık ve örüntüleşmiş seslendirme pratikleri sergilerler. Şarkıların işlevi henüz tam olarak anlaşılamamış olsa da hem bir kur davranışı hem de diğer erkek bireylere çeşitli mesajlar veren bir iletişim biçimi olma ihtimali yüksektir. Şarkılar, hiyerarşik olarak düzenlenmiş çeşitli birimlerden ve tekrarlardan meydana gelir: Nota benzeri tekil birimler cümleleri, bir araya gelen cümleler, temaları oluşturur. Belirli biçimlerde düzenlenen ve tekrar eden temalar ise şarkıları meydana getirir. Aynı topluluğun üyesi balinalar, belirli bir zaman dilimi içinde, aynı şarkıyı söylerler. Ancak ses birimlerinin biçim değiştirmesi, sıralamanın veya tekrarların değiştirilmesi nedeniyle şarkılar giderek karmaşıklaşır ve tamamen yeni şarkılara dönüşür. Kambur balina şarkıları, hem düzenlenmiş/örüntüleşmiş yapısı ile hem de bireyler ve topluluklar düzeyindeki aktarımları nedeniyle balina kültürlerinin bir parçası olarak görülür ve insan müziği ile benzerlikler taşır. Bu metnin amacı; kambur balina şarkısına odaklanan araştırmaların bulguları konusunda Türkçe alanyazına katkı sağlamak ve konuyu vokal öğrenme çerçevesinde tartışmaktır.
A study on film score applying the Neo-Riemannian theory: focusing on Bernard Herrmann’s mysterious island
Authors: Lee Inho , Lee Johee
Published: December 2021

This paper, takes three pieces of music in the film score work Mysterious Island by film music composer Bernard Herrmann (1911-1975) as the analysis object. Bernard Herrmann's composition techniques are very innovative, and even difficult to interpret harmonic design when analyzing his works with tonal music. The Neo-Riemannian theory formed in the 1980s is used to analyze the chord progression that cannot be accurately explained by tonal music analysis in Bernard Herrmann's film score, and to prove the Neo-Riemannian theory by marking the transformation methods used and deriving the evolution process of harmony Neo-Riemannian theory's rationality and superiority in analyzing film music. This study hopes to use the Neo-Riemannian theory to provide a new perspective for exploring the development of film musicology.
GC-MS Profiling and Antifungal Activity of Secondary Metabolite from Endophytic Fungus of Giloy
Authors: Sriwastava Akanksha Raj , Srivastava Vivek
Published: December 2021

The endophytic microbiota is considered to be one of the consistent and noble souce of potential and unique natural amalgams. These natural amalgams carry diverse pharmaceutical significance which the reason for their importance among research fields. The diversity of plants carries much more diversity of the endophytes as their mutual parts where both are benefited from each other. The current work deals with the isolation of the endophytic fungus from Tinospora cordifolia, for which the leaves were used after the surface sterilization, followed by the production of secondary metabolite by the endophytic isolates through submerged fermentation technique. The produced metabolite was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique, which was further used for evaluating its antifungal potential against Candida albicans and the obtained results show their considerable potential. The GC-MS profiling of secondary metabolite was conducted to determine the presence of some bioactive compounds in them, and as a result, some potential compounds detected are Levoglucosenone, Silanediol, Nonane, D-Allose, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Since these compounds are biologically important in various aspects which gives the diversified application to the secondary metabolites. The study concludes the potential of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus of Tinospora cordifolia and further investigation can be approached on determining the same from other plants, and also evaluating another bioactive potential of secondary metabolites.
Polymer Capped Silver Nanoparticles from Ziziphus nummularia Leaves Extract: Potent Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Arodiya Faruk , Makvana Chirag , Parmar Kokila
Published: December 2021

Generally, synthesis and encapsulation process improve therapeutic value of nano encapsulated drugs. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized from Ziziphus nummularia leaves and encapsulated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer as antibacterial agents, due to its high bioavailability, better encapsulation and less toxic properties. The nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized from Ziziphus nummularia leaves and capped with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer, The acquired AgNPs and polymeric functionalized AgNPs were fully characterised by the UV- Visible spectroscopy , Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The crystalline Ag NPs and Polymer Functionalized AgNPs have a face-centered cubic structure with an average size of 9.20 nm, according to X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy revealed that biomolecules such as proteins are incapable of reducing metal ions and the formation of an encapsulating layer in terms of metal ions. High-Resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that Polymer functionalized AgNPs ranged in size of 10 nm. AgNPs and Polymer functionalized AgNPs showed effective antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The biosynthesized monodisperse silver nanoparticles and encapsulated silver nanoparticles demonstrated better antimicrobial and antioxidant activity which can be used in various biomedical applications.
Is the French Paradox cementing philosophy superior to the standard cementing? A randomized controlled radiostereometric trial and comparative analysis
Authors: Sevaldsen Kirsti , Schnell Husby Otto , Lian Øystein Bjerkestrand , Farran Kamel Mohamed , Schnell Husby Vigdis
Published: December 2021

Aims

Highly polished stems with force-closed design have shown satisfactory clinical results despite being related to relatively high early migration. It has been suggested that the minimal thickness of cement mantles surrounding the femoral stem should be 2 mm to 4 mm to avoid aseptic loosening. The line-to-line cementing technique of the femoral stem, designed to achieve stem press-fit, challenges this opinion. We compared the migration of a highly polished stem with force-closed design by standard and line-to-line cementing to investigate whether differences in early migration of the stems occur in a clinical study.

Methods

In this single-blind, randomized controlled, clinical radiostereometric analysis (RSA) study, the migration pattern of the cemented Corail hip stem was compared between line-to-line and standard cementing in 48 arthroplasties. The primary outcome measure was femoral stem migration in terms of rotation and translation around and along with the X-, Y-, and Z- axes measured using model-based RSA at three, 12, and 24 months. A linear mixed-effects model was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Results from mixed model analyses revealed a lower mean retroversion for line-to-line (0.72° (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38° to 1.07°; p < 0.001), but no significant differences in subsidence between the techniques (-0.15 mm (95% CI -0.53 to 0.227; p = 0.429) at 24 months. Radiolucent lines measuring < 2 mm wide were found in three and five arthroplasties cemented by the standard and line-to-line method, respectively.

Conclusion

The cemented Corail stem with a force-closed design seems to settle earlier and better with the line-to-line cementing method, although for subsidence the difference was not significant. However, the lower rate of migration into retroversion may reduce the wear and cement deformation, contributing to good long-term fixation and implant survival. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):19–26.
Long-term mortality rates and associated risk factors following primary and revision knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yapp Liam Zen , Clement Nick D. , Moran Matthew , Clarke Jon V. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Scott Chloe E. H.
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the long-term mortality rate, and to identify factors associated with this, following primary and revision knee arthroplasty (KA).

Methods

Data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project (1998 to 2019) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient mortality data were linked from the National Records of Scotland. Analyses were performed separately for the primary and revised KA cohorts. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for the population at risk. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards were used to identify predictors and estimate relative mortality risks.

Results

At a median 7.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 to 11.6) follow-up, 27.8% of primary (n = 27,474/98,778) and 31.3% of revision (n = 2,611/8,343) KA patients had died. Both primary and revision cohorts had lower mortality rates than the general population (SMR 0.74 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.74); p < 0.001; SMR 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.86); p < 0.001, respectively), which persisted for 12 and eighteight years after surgery, respectively. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality after primary KA included male sex (hazard ratio (HR) 1.40 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.45)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.50)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.68 to 1.90)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.68)), and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requiring revision (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.36)) when adjusting for age. Similarly, male sex (HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.49)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.52)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.37)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.01)), and revision for PJI (HR 1.35 (95% 1.18 to 1.55)) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality following revision KA when adjusting for age.

Conclusion

The SMR of patients undergoing primary and revision KA was lower than that of the general population and remained so for several years post-surgery. However, approximately one in four patients undergoing primary and one in three patients undergoing revision KA died within ten years of surgery. Several patient and surgical factors, including PJI, were associated with the risk of mortality within ten years of primary and revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):45–52.
The prognosis and recovery of major postoperative neurological deficits after corrective surgery for scoliosis
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Zongshan , Qian Zhikai , Tang Ziyang , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang , Liu Zhen
Published: December 2021

Aims

The outcome following the development of neurological complications after corrective surgery for scoliosis varies from full recovery to a permanent deficit. This study aimed to assess the prognosis and recovery of major neurological deficits in these patients, and to determine the risk factors for non-recovery, at a minimum follow-up of two years.

Methods

A major neurological deficit was identified in 65 of 8,870 patients who underwent corrective surgery for scoliosis, including eight with complete paraplegia and 57 with incomplete paraplegia. There were 23 male and 42 female patients. Their mean age was 25.0 years (SD 16.3). The aetiology of the scoliosis was idiopathic (n = 6), congenital (n = 23), neuromuscular (n = 11), neurofibromatosis type 1 (n = 6), and others (n = 19). Neurological function was determined by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale at a mean follow-up of 45.4 months (SD 17.2). the patients were divided into those with recovery and those with no recovery according to the ASIA scale during follow-up.

Results

The incidence of major deficit was 0.73%. At six-month follow-up, 39 patients (60%) had complete recovery and ten (15.4%) had incomplete recovery; these percentages improved to 70.8% (46) and 16.9% (11) at follow-up of two years, respectively. Eight patients showed no recovery at the final follow-up. The cause of injury was mechanical in 39 patients and ischaemic in five. For 11 patients with misplaced implants and haematoma formation, nine had complete recovery. Fisher’s exact test showed a significant difference in the aetiology of the scoliosis (p = 0.007) and preoperative deficit (p = 0.016) between the recovery and non-recovery groups. A preoperative deficit was found to be significantly associated with non-recovery (odds ratio 8.5 (95% confidence interval 1.676 to 43.109); p = 0.010) in a multivariate regression model.

Conclusion

For patients with scoliosis who develop a major neurological deficit after corrective surgery, recovery (complete and incomplete) can be expected in 87.7%. The first three to six months is the time window for recovery. In patients with misplaced implants and haematoma formation, the prognosis is satisfactory with appropriate early intervention. Patients with a preoperative neurological deficit are at a significant risk of having a permanent deficit. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):103–111.
Interposition GraftJacket allografts for irreparable rotator cuff tears
Authors: Modi Amit , Haque Aziz , Deore Vijay , Singh Harvinder Pal , Pandey Radhakant
Published: December 2021

Aims

Long-term outcomes following the use of human dermal allografts in the treatment of symptomatic irreparable rotator cuff tears are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate these outcomes, and to investigate whether this would be a good form of treatment in young patients in whom a reverse shoulder arthroplasty should ideally be avoided.

Methods

This prospective study included 47 shoulders in 45 patients who underwent an open reconstruction of the rotator cuff using an interposition GraftJacket allograft to bridge irreparable cuff tears, between January 2007 and November 2011. The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), pain score, and range of motion (ROM) were recorded preoperatively and at one year and a mean of 9.1 years (7.0 to 12.5) postoperatively.

Results

There was significant improvement in the mean OSS from 24.7 (SD 5.4) preoperatively to 42.0 (SD 6.3) at one year, and this improvement was maintained at 9.1 years (p < 0.001), with a score of 42.8 (SD 6.8). Similar significant improvements in the pain score were seen and maintained at the final follow-up from 6.1 (SD 1.6) to 2.1 (SD 2.3) (p < 0.001). There were also significant improvements in the ROM of the shoulder, and patient satisfaction was high.

Conclusion

The use of an interposition human dermal allograft in patients with an irreparable rotator cuff tear leads to good outcomes that are maintained at a mean of nine years postoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):91–96.
Total, hemi, or dual-mobility arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients with neurological disease
Authors: Cnudde Peter H. J. , Nåtman Jonatan , Hailer Nils P. , Rogmark Cecilia
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially increased risk of dislocation in patients with neurological disease who sustain a femoral neck fracture, as it is unclear whether they should undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA). A secondary aim was to investgate whether dual-mobility components confer a reduced risk of dislocation in these patients.

Methods

We undertook a longitudinal cohort study linking the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register with the National Patient Register, including patients with a neurological disease presenting with a femoral neck fracture and treated with HA, a conventional THA (cTHA) with femoral head size of ≤ 32 mm, or a dual-mobility component THA (DMC-THA) between 2005 and 2014. The dislocation rate at one- and three-year revision, reoperation, and mortality rates were recorded. Cox multivariate regression models were fitted to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

A total of 9,638 patients with a neurological disease who also underwent unilateral arthroplasty for a femoral neck fracture were included in the study. The one-year dislocation rate was 3.7% after HA, 8.8% after cTHA < 32 mm), 5.9% after cTHA (= 32 mm), and 2.7% after DMC-THA. A higher risk of dislocation was associated with cTHA (< 32 mm) compared with HA (HR 1.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 2.86); p = 0.002). There was no difference in the risk of dislocation with DMC-THA (HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.26 to 1.84); p = 0.451) or cTHA (= 32 mm) (HR 1.54 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.51); p = 0.083). There were no differences in the rate of reoperation and revision-free survival between the different types of prosthesis and sizes of femoral head.

Conclusion

Patients with a neurological disease who sustain a femoral neck fracture have similar rates of dislocation after undergoing HA or DMC-THA. Most patients with a neurological disease are not eligible for THA and should thus undergo HA, whereas those eligible for THA could benefit from a DMC-THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):134–141.
Mid-term results of Eclipse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Batten Timothy J. , Gallacher Sian , Evans Jonathan P. , Harding Richard J. , Kitson Jeffrey , Smith Christopher D. , Thomas William J.
Published: December 2021

Aims

The use and variety of stemless humeral components in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) have proliferated since their advent in 2004. Early outcomes are reassuring but independent mid-term results are scarce. This independent study reports a consecutive series of 143 Eclipse stemless shoulder prostheses with a minimum five-year (5 to 10) follow-up.

Methods

Outcomes of 143 procedures undertaken for all indications in 131 patients were reviewed, with subset analysis of those for osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 99). The primary outcome was the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at a minimum of five years. Secondary outcomes were ranges of motion and radiological analysis of humeral radiolucency, rotator cuff failure, and glenoid loosening.

Results

Mean OSS at mean follow-up of 6.67 years (5.0 to 10.74) was 40.12 (9 to 48), with no statistically significant difference between those implanted for a non-OA indication and those for OA (p = 0.056) or time-dependent deterioration between two years and five years (p = 0.206). Ranges of motion significantly improved compared with preoperative findings and were maintained between two and five years with a mean external rotation of 38° (SD 18.1, 0 to 100) and forward elevation of 152° (SD 29.9, 90 to 180). Of those components with radiographs suitable for analysis (n = 83), 23 (28%) were found to have a least one humeral radiolucent line, which were predominantly incomplete, less than 2 mm, and in a single anatomical zone. No humeral components were loose. A radiolucent line was present around 22 (15%) of glenoid components, and 15 (10%) of components had failed. Rotator cuff failure was found in 21 (15%) components. The mean time to either glenoid or rotator cuff failure was greater than three years following implantation. Survivorship was 96.4% (95% CI 91.6 to 98.5, number at risk 128) at five years, and 94.3% (95% CI 88.2 to 97.3, number at risk 76) at seven years, both of which compare favourably with best results taken from available registries.

Conclusion

Functional and radiological outcomes of the Eclipse stemless TSA are excellent, with no loose humeral components at minimum five-year follow-up. The presence of radiolucent lines is of interest and requires long-term observation but does not impact on the clinical results. Of the eight revisions required, this was predominantly for glenoid and rotator cuff failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):83–90.
Early fixation of the humeral component in stemless total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: ten Brinke Bart , Hesseling Brechtje , Eygendaal Denise , Hoelen Max A. , Mathijssen Nina M. C.
Published: December 2021

Aims

Stemless humeral implants have been developed to overcome stem-related complications in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, stemless implant designs may hypothetically result in less stable initial fixation, potentially affecting long-term survival. The aim of this study is to investigate early fixation and migration patterns of the stemless humeral component of the Simpliciti Shoulder System and to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, radiostereometric analysis (RSA) radiographs were obtained in 24 patients at one day, six weeks, six months, one year, and two years postoperatively. Migration was calculated using model-based RSA. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score.

Results

At two years, median translation along the x-, y-, and z-axis was -0.12 mm (interquartile range (IQR) -0.18 to 0.02), -0.17 mm (IQR -0.27 to -0.09), and 0.09 mm (IQR 0.02 to 0.31). Median rotation around the x-, y-, and z-axis was 0.12° (IQR -0.50 to 0.57), -0.98° (IQR -1.83 to 1.23), and 0.09° (IQR -0.76 to 0.30). Overall, 20 prostheses stabilized within 12 months postoperatively. Four prostheses showed continuous migration between 12 and 24 months. At two-year follow-up, with the exception of one revised prosthesis, all clinical scores improved significantly (median VAS difference at rest: -3.0 (IQR -1.5 to -6.0); OSS 22.0 (IQR 15.0 to 25.0); CMS 29.5 (IQR 15.0 to 35.75); and DASH -30.0 (IQR -20.6 to -41.67) (all p < 0.001)) with the exception of one revised prosthesis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we found that 20 out of 24 implants stabilized within 12 months postoperatively. The significance of continuous migration in four implants is unclear and future research on the predictive value of early migration for future loosening in TSA is required. Clinical results revealed a clinically relevant improvement. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):76–82.
Proximal humeral fractures in Finland
Authors: Leino Oskari K. , Lehtimäki Kaisa K. , Mäkelä Keijo , Äärimaa Ville , Ekman Elina
Published: December 2021

Aims

Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are common. There is increasing evidence that most of these fractures should be treated conservatively. However, recent studies have shown an increase in use of operative treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the trends in the incidence and methods of treatment of PHFs in Finland.

Methods

The study included all Finnish inhabitants aged ≥ 16 years between 1997 and 2019. All records, including diagnostic codes for PHFs and all surgical procedure codes for these fractures, were identified from two national registers. Data exclusion criteria were implemented in order to identify only acute PHFs, and the operations performed to treat them.

Results

During the 23-year study period, 79,676 PHFs were identified, and 14,941 operations were performed to treat them. The incidence of PHFs steadily increased. In 2019, the overall incidence was 105 per 100,000 person-years (105). The sex-adjusted incidence for females was 147.1 per 105, and the age-adjusted incidence for patients aged ≥ 80 years was 407.1 per 105. The incidence of operative treatment for PHFs rose during the first half of the study period and decreased during the second half. The use of plate osteosynthesis in particular decreased. In 2019, the incidence of operative treatment for PHFs was 13.2 per 105, with 604 operations.

Conclusion

Although the incidence of PHFs is steadily increasing, particularly in elderly females, the incidence of operative treatment is now decreasing, which is in line with current literature regarding their treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):150–156.
Unique reflection from birefringent uncoated and gold-coated InP nanowire crystal arrays
Authors: Tu Chia-Wei , Kaveh Masoud , Fränzl Martin , Gao Qian , Tan Hark-Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Schmitzer Heidrun , Wagner Hans Peter
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate unique reflective properties of light from bare and gold-coated InP nanowire (NW) photonic crystal arrays. The undoped wurtzite InP nanowire arrays are grown by selective area epitaxy and coated with a 12-nm thick Al2O3 film to suppress atmospheric oxidation. A nominally 10-nm thick gold film is deposited around the NWs to investigate plasmonic effects. The reflectance spectra show pronounced Fabry-Perot oscillations, which are shifted for p- and s-polarized light due to a strong intrinsic birefringence in the NW arrays. Gold-coating of the NW array leads to a significant increase of the reflectance by a factor of two to three compared to the uncoated array, which is partially attributed to a plasmon resonance of the gold caps on top of the NWs and to a plasmonic antenna effect for p-polarized light. These interpretations are supported by finite-difference-time-domain simulations. Our experiments and simulations indicate that NW arrays can be used to design micrometer-sized polarizers, analyzers, and mirrors which are important optical elements in optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Comprehensive grating enabled silicon nitride fiber-chip couplers in the SNIR wavelength band
Authors: Nambiar Siddharth , Chatterjee Avijit , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: December 2021

We present silicon nitride grating enabled fiber-chip coupling in the sub-near-infrared band. We present a comprehensive design and simulation and experimental demonstration of uniform and apodized grating couplers, with and without bottom reflectors. The mode engineering yields a best efficiency of -1.6 dB for apodized grating design, which is further improved to -0.66 dB with a bottom reflector. Experimentally, we demonstrate a coupling efficiency of -2.2 dB for the optimized design. Furthermore, we present a detailed simulation and measurement comparison of various grating parameters and the effect of fabrication tolerances on the grating performance.
Structural basis of HLX10 PD-1 receptor recognition, a promising anti-PD-1 antibody clinical candidate for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Issafras Hassan , Fan Shilong , Tseng Chi-Ling , Cheng Yunchih , Lin Peihua , Xiao Lisa , Huang Yun-Ju , Tu Chih-Hsiang , Hsiao Ya-Chin , Li Min , Chen Yen-Hsiao , Ho Chien-Hsin , Li Ou , Wang Yanling , Chen Sandra , Ji Zhenyu , Zhang Eric , Mao Yi-Ting , Liu Eugene , Yang Shumin , Jiang Weidong
Published: December 2021

Cancer immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment, resulting in unprecedented results in terms of overall and progression-free survival. Discovery and development of novel anti PD-1 inhibitors remains a field of intense investigation, where novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and novel antibody formats (e.g., novel isotype, bispecific mAb and low-molecular-weight compounds) are major source of future therapeutic candidates. HLX10, a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 receptor, increased functional activities of human T-cells and showed in vitro, and anti-tumor activity in several tumor models. The combined inhibition of PD-1/PDL-1 and angiogenesis pathways using anti-VEGF antibody may enhance a sustained suppression of cancer-related angiogenesis and tumor elimination. To elucidate HLX10’s mode of action, we solved the structure of HLX10 in complex with PD-1 receptor. Detailed epitope analysis showed that HLX10 has a unique mode of recognition compared to the clinically approved PD1 antibodies Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab. Notably, HLX10’s epitope was closer to Pembrolizumab’s epitope than Nivolumab’s epitope. However, HLX10 and Pembrolizumab showed an opposite heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) usage, which recognizes several overlapping amino acid residues on PD-1. We compared HLX10 to Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab and it showed similar or better bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, providing a rationale for clinical evaluation in cancer immunotherapy.
How does the community COVID-19 level of risk impact on that of a care home?
Authors: Nightingale Glenna , Laxton Megan , Illian Janine B.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To model the risk of COVID-19 mortality in British care homes conditional on the community level risk.

Methods

A two stage modeling process (“doubly latent”) which includes a Besag York Mollie model (BYM) and a Log Gaussian Cox Process. The BYM is adopted so as to estimate the community level risks. These are incorporated in the Log Gaussian Cox Process to estimate the impact of these risks on that in care homes.

Results

For an increase in the risk at the community level, the number of COVID-19 related deaths in the associated care home would be increased by exp (0.833), 2. This is based on a simulated dataset. In the context of COVID-19 related deaths, this study has illustrated the estimation of the risk to care homes in the presence of background community risk. This approach will be useful in facilitating the identification of the most vulnerable care homes and in predicting risk to new care homes.

Conclusions

The modeling of two latent processes have been shown to be successfully facilitated by the use of the BYM and Log Gaussian Cox Process Models. Community COVID-19 risks impact on that of the care homes embedded in these communities.
Shifting gender norms to improve HIV service uptake: Qualitative findings from a large-scale community mobilization intervention in rural South Africa
Authors: Leddy Anna M. , Gottert Ann , Haberland Nicole , Hove Jennifer , West Rebecca L. , Pettifor Audrey , Lippman Sheri A. , Kahn Kathleen , Mathebula Rhandzekile , Rebombo Dumisani , Gómez-Olivé Xavier , Twine Rhian , Peacock Dean , Pulerwitz Julie
Published: December 2021

Background

Interventions to improve HIV service uptake are increasingly addressing inequitable and restrictive gender norms. Yet comparatively little is known about which gender norms are most salient for HIV testing and treatment and how changing these specific norms translates into HIV service uptake. To explore these questions, we implemented a qualitative study during a community mobilization trial targeting social barriers to HIV service uptake in South Africa.

Methods

We conducted 55 in-depth interviews in 2018, during the final months of a three-year intervention in rural Mpumalanga province. Participants included 25 intervention community members (48% women) and 30 intervention staff/community-opinion-leaders (70% women). Data were analyzed using an inductive-deductive approach.

Results

We identified three avenues for gender norms change which, when coupled with other strategies, were described to support HIV service uptake: (1) Challenging norms around male toughness/avoidance of help-seeking, combined with information on the health and preventive benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART), eased men’s fears of a positive diagnosis and facilitated HIV service uptake. (2) Challenging norms about men’s expected control over women, combined with communication and conflict resolution skill-building, encouraged couple support around HIV service uptake. (3) Challenging norms around women being solely responsible for the family’s health, combined with information about sero-discordance and why both members of the couple should be tested, encouraged men to test for HIV rather than relying on their partner’s results. Facility-level barriers such as long wait times continued to prevent some men from accessing care.

Conclusions

Despite continued facility-level barriers, we found that promoting critical reflection around several specific gender norms, coupled with information (e.g., benefits of ART) and skill-building (e.g., communication), were perceived to support men’s and women’s engagement in HIV services. There is a need to identify and tailor programming around specific gender norms that hinder HIV service uptake.