bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Sarcoidosis: When and How to Treat Inflammation
Authors: Giblin Gerard T , Murphy Laura , Stewart Garrick C , Desai Akshay S , Di Carli Marcelo F , Blankstein Ron , Givertz Michael M , Tedrow Usha B , Sauer William H , Hunninghake Gary M , Dellaripa Paul F , Divakaran Sanjay , Lakdawala Neal K
Published: November 2021

Sarcoidosis is a complex, multisystem inflammatory disease with a heterogeneous clinical spectrum. Approximately 25% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis will have cardiac involvement that portends a poorer outcome. The diagnosis, particularly of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis, can be challenging. A paucity of randomised data exist on who, when and how to treat myocardial inflammation in cardiac sarcoidosis. Despite this, corticosteroids continue to be the mainstay of therapy for the inflammatory phase, with an evolving role for steroid-sparing and biological agents. This review explores the immunopathogenesis of inflammation in sarcoidosis, current evidence-based treatment indications and commonly used immunosuppression agents. It explores a multidisciplinary treatment and monitoring approach to myocardial inflammation and outlines current gaps in our understanding of this condition, emerging research and future directions in this field.
Optimization of pneumonia complex therapy in children with acute respiratory diseases
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Pylyuk I.I.
Published: November 2021

Purpose — to improve the pathogenetic treatment of pneumonia in children with recurrent acute respiratory infections by combining of protocol therapy with a drug has antioxidant, antihypoxic and organoprotective effects. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination of children with pneumonia at the age of 3–8 years which have recurrent acute respiratory infections has performed. Children have had received standard protocol treatment of pneumonia and combination with a drug has antioxidant, antihypoxic and organoprotective effects. Results. Optimization the protocol treatment of pneumonia in children with recurrent acute respiratory infections by supplementing pathogenetic therapy with this drug made possible to improve the efficiency of treatment, what confirmed by the rapid regression of clinical manifestations of pneumonia (intoxication — to 1.9±0.04 days, cough — to 2.1±0.08 days, respiratory failure — to 1.7±0.08 days, shortness of breath — to 1.3±0.04 days, disorders of microcirculation and hemodynamics — to 2.1±0.05 and 1.8, respectively ± 0.09 days). This approach calls the decrease of percentage of children with pneumonic infiltration according to the control X-ray examination of the lungs — to 30.0%, myocardial hypoxia according to the ECG results — 20.0%, which made possible to reduce the duration of the course of antibiotic therapy to 2.0±0.04 days, inpatient treatment — to 2.2±0.08 bed-days. The positive dynamics laboratories values, clinical signs and instrumental methods of examination of such children occurred due to an increasing levels of glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase in the blood serum to 4 and 3 times, respectively, and a decreasing the content of glutathione peroxidase and gamma$glutamyl transpeptidase to 2.6 and 1.6 times. Conclusions. Supplement the protocol therapy of pneumonia in children with recurrent acute respiratory infections with a drug has antioxidant, antihypoxic and organoprotective effects promoted a rapid regression of clinical manifestations due to the improvement of the functional activity of the oxidative system of glutathione, which made possible to reduce the duration of the course of antibiotic therapy and inpatient treatment. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: children with recurrent acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, treatment.
Antimicrobial peptides as promising drugs for treatment of primary viral pneumonia
Authors: Shchelkanov M. Yu. , Cybulsky A. V. , Dedkov V. G. , Galkina I. V. , Maleev V. V.
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic which began in March 2020 has again drawn attention to the problem of treating primary viral pneumonia (PVP), wherein damage to the tissues of the lower respiratory tract including functionally important alveolocytes occurs as a result of cell infection by pathogens of the Virae Kingdom. Whereas treatment of bacterial pneumonia is based on the basic approach related to the use of antibiotics (which effectiveness needs to be verified more often than ever due to the “curse of the resistance effect” — that, however, does not cancel the essence of the basic approach), efficient PVP treatment is feasible only in case of available etiotropic, but catastrophically few, drugs. Such drugs in case of the influenza A virus (Articulavirales: Orthomyxoviridae, Alphainfluenzavirus) have been known since the second part of the XXth century. However, no consensus was achieved among clinicians regarding particularly dangerous human coronaviruses (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus) which threat has driven the world epidemiology in the XXIst century: SARS-CoV (subgenus Sarbecovirus), MERS-CoV (Merbecovirus), SARS-CoV-2 (Sarbecovirus). And we should be prepared to the fact that increase in population density and scaling up of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems elevates a probability of overcoming interspecies barriers by natural focal viruses and their penetration into the human population with adverse epidemic consequences. Therefore, PVP therapy should be developed systematically in the nearest future. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) as the components of non-specific innate immunity against a wide range of infectious pathogens: bacteria (Bacteria), microscopic fungi (Fungi) and viruses (Virae) may serve as a platform for developing such system. Our review justifies a way to select such platform and provides well-known examples of successfully used AMP in treatment of PVP and related pathological conditions.
Effect of the natural and climatic factors on epidemiological situation related to natural focal infections
Authors: Prislegina D. A. , Dubyanskiy V. M. , Platonov A. E. , Maletskaya O. V.
Published: November 2021

This article is dedicated to the analysis and generalization of the Russian and foreign research results on natural and climatic factors effect on the intensity of epidemic process manifestations and the natural focal infections pathogens vectors vital activity which are the most widespread in the Russian Federation. Over the past seven years tick-borne infections have been accounting for more than 50 per cent in the natural focal diseases general nosological structure. Among the diseases of this group Lyme borreliosis leads in prevalence and frequency of cases identification. Tick-borne viral encephalitis is still a serious danger for national health. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever epidemiological situation remains unfavorable in the south of the European part of Russia. In addition to the annual patients identification, the demonstrable trend of shifting and expansion of the pathogen’s area in a northerly direction was established. It creates a risk for the spread of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus outside the southern regions of the country. High incidence of the dangerous vector-borne infection — West Nile fever — with the involvement of new subjects in the epidemic process and the emergence of local cases of infection in previously non-endemic territories is registered. Expansion of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome natural foci borders, which is the most widespread natural focal zoonosis of viral etiology in the Russian Federation and is the second by the frequency of patients identification after tick-borne infections, is noted. Research data for the dependence of the carriers pathogens number and the dynamics of the natural focal infections incidence on the values of climatic factors, confirmed using various methods of mathematical statistics (time-series analysis, autoregression integrated moving average, logistic regression, correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance and other) were systematized. It was found that the temperature and humidity of the air and soil, the amount of precipitation, the height of the snow cover are the common abiotic factors for all of investigated infections. The values of these factors can be used for the subsequent epidemiological forecast. The further study of relationship between the incidence rate of the population, the number of arthropod vectors and small mammals with indicators of soil moisture and temperature at different depths, hydrothermal coefficient, normalized relative vegetation index, accumulated values of temperature and precipitation, as well as similar studies on other actual natural focal infections in the Russian Federation will be very promising.
Results of implementation of viral hepatitis B elimination program in the North-West Russia
Authors: Lyalina L. V. , Esaulenko E. V. , Khorkova E. V. , Novak K. E. , Ostankova Y. V. , Serikova E. N. , Vasilyev D. V. , Gorziy E. S. , Butskaya M. J. , Kritskaya I. V. , Buts L. V. , Grebenkina E. V. , Baydakova E. V. , Smirnova N. A. , Krasnopyorova M. A. , Koltsov N. S. , Kotovich L. M. , Kalinina E. L. , Galimov R. R. , Kirkhar N. V. , Cherepanova E. A. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Vaccination contributed to reduce the incidence of acute hepatitis B in the territories of the North-West Russia. The urgency of this problem remains due to the high incidence of chronic hepatitis B. This accounted for the need to develop a hepatitis B elimination program in the district discussed that was approved in 2013 by the head of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. Objective is to characterize the results of the program for the elimination of acute hepatitis B virus implemented in the North-Western Federal District. Materials and methods. The 2010–2020 incidence rate of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the regions of the North-West Russia was carried out. To determine HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, 160 blood plasma samples from patients with acute hepatitis B were studied using molecular genetic methods (PCR, sequencing). The prevalence of latent hepatitis B in various population groups was assessed. The 2016–2020 hepatitis B vaccination coverage and relevant serological monitoring in adults was carried out. Results. While implementing the program, it was found that the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B in the district decreased by 4.5-fold, revealing in 2020 no cases of the disease in 5 regions, with incidence rate in the 6 subfederal units being lower than 1.0 per 100,000 population. Moreover, the incidence rate for chronic hepatitis B decreased by 2.6 times. The 2020 vaccination coverage of children under 17 and adults in all territories comprised more than 95% and 90%, respectively. In addition, it was shown the circulation of genotypes D and A of hepatitis B virus is dominated by genotype D (91.8%), subgenotype D2 (47.8%). The prevalence of latent hepatitis B among migrants was 6.5%, pregnant women — 4.9%, hemodialysis patients — 1.7%. Conclusion. Implementation of the program on elimination of acute viral hepatitis B in the territory of the North-West Russia contributed to raise in the vaccination coverage in adult population and lowered incidence rate of acute and chronic HBV infection.
Evaluation of different extraction techniques for the assay of anti - acetylcholinesterase activity of olive leaves (Olea europaea)
Authors: Khizrieva S. S. , Borisenko S. N. , Maksimenko E. V. , Borisenko N. I.
Published: November 2021

The total phenol content and the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity were compared in olive leaf (OL) extracts obtained using both subcritical water extraction (SbWE) and conventional solvent extraction (ethanol-water). The method proposed by Ellman (in vitro) was used to study the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The total content of phenolic compounds and AChE activities of OL extracts varied depending on the used extraction method. Thus, the extract obtained using the subcritical water technique (220 °C) showed the highest amounts of total phenolic components, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, (70.4 mg/g raw material) and the highest inhibitory AChE-activity (IC50 = 0.35 mg/ml). The obtained values of the anti-AChE activity of the extracts of OL demonstrated that the inhibitory activity for SbW-extract 120 °C (IC50 = 2.92 mg/ml) and SbW-extract 180 °C (IC50 = 0.8 mg/ml) is higher than that of the traditional extract (IC50 = 3.6 mg/ml), respectively. These results indicate a great potential of the subcritical water technique to develop the techniques to produce commercial extracts of OL, and these results could encourage improved utilization of the OL. The collected data on the anti - acetylcholinesterase activity of olive leaves clearly demonstrate the prospects for use of OL extracts in the development of novel pharmaceutical substances and nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as well as some other neurodegenerative diseases.
Thromboembolic risk factors and predictors of left atrial appendage thrombosis in Far North patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Khorkova N. Yu. , Gizatulina T. P. , Belokurova A. V. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Yaroslavskaya E. I.
Published: November 2021

Aim. To analyze thromboembolic risk factors and identify additional predictors of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis, which are not included in the CHA2DS2VASc scale, in long-term Far North residents with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).

Material and methods. The study included 162 patients (men, 108; women, 54; mean age, 55,3±8,7 years) with non-valvular AF, living in the Far North, and 684 patients (men, 408; women, 276; mean age, 56,9±9,3 years), living in the temperate latitudes, hospitalized for catheter ablation. All patients underwent transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. According to transesophageal echocardiography, Far North patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 21 patients with LAA thrombosis, group 2 — 141 patients without LAA thrombosis.

Results. Compared to patients living in the temperate latitudes, Far North patients were younger (p=0,021) and were more likely to have type 2 diabetes (14,2% vs 8,3%, p=0,022), class ³II obesity (29,6% vs 21,1%, p=0,019), persistent AF(47,5% vs 33,2%, p=0,0019), LAA thrombosis (13% vs 6,6%, p=0,006), and severe structural and functional cardiac abnormalities (biatrial and right ventricular enlargement, lower left ventricular ejection fraction). In Far North patients, using logistic regression, independent predictors of LAA thrombosis were identified: an increase in left ventricular mass index (odds ratio (OR), 1,029; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,011-1,048; p=0,001), persistent AF (OR, 3,521; 95% CI, 1,050-11,800; p=0,041).

Conclusion. In Far North patients with nonvalvular AF, scheduled for catheter ablation, compared with patients from temperate latitudes, with a similar profile of cardiovascular diseases at a younger age, type 2 diabetes, grade ³II obesity, persistent AF, and LAA thrombosis were more common. The presence of persistent AF and an increase in left ventricular mass index are independent predictors of LAA thrombosis in Far North patients with nonvalvular AF.
Heart stem cells: hope or myth?
Authors: Dokshin P. M. , Malashicheva A. B.
Published: November 2021

The search and study of endogenous heart repair remains an urgent issue in modern regenerative medicine. It is generally accepted that the human heart has a limited regenerative potential, but recent studies show that functionally significant regeneration is possible. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly understood. In the heart, there are populations of resident mesenchymal cells that have some properties of stem cells that carry certain markers, such as c-kit+, Sca-1, etc. The ability of these cells to differentiate directly into cardiomyocytes remains controversial, but their use in clinical trials has shown improved cardiac function in patients with myocardial infarction. Currently, approaches are being developed to use, mainly, induced pluripotent stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy, but the cardioprotective role of cardiac mesenchymal cells remains the subject of active study due to their paracrine signaling.
Brazilian research on noninvasive brain stimulation applied to health conditions
Authors: Sá Katia Nunes , Venas Gabriel , Souza Mayara Pinheiro de , Andrade Daniel Ciampi de , Baptista Abrahão Fontes
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Brazil has a top position regarding scientific production on noninvasive neuromodulation worldwide. Knowledge of scientometric phenomena involving Brazilian researchers who produce science on this theme may aid confidence in Brazilian clinical and research professionals. Objective: To investigate the scenario of research on the theme of noninvasive neuromodulation in Brazil. Methods: This was a scientometric study for mapping scientific production on this subject involving network phenomena, the professions of researchers, institutional affiliation, main research unit, total number of scientific articles on noninvasive neuromodulation published in journals, research sub-area and year of obtaining the PhD title. Public data from Lattes Platform curricula vitae and from VOSViewer© were used. Results: A total of 54 Brazilian researchers were identified, of whom 16 are research productivity fellows. Most of them are linked to institutions in southeastern Brazil, involving the professions of biology, biochemistry, physical education, physiotherapy, speech therapy, gerontology, medicine and psychology, with 1175 articles published in journals. These studies involve experimental animal and human models to account for mechanisms, observational studies, case reports, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, product and process development, computer modeling and guidelines. Conclusions: Brazil occupies a prominent place in the world scenario of research on noninvasive neuromodulation, which is used by different professions for treatment of brain dysfunctions, with a trend towards expansion to other fields.
Panorama de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo de microempresas colombianas ubicadas en un barrio del Municipio de Itagüí, Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Osorio-Vasco Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación pretendió describir el panorama de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST), con base en los componentes del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SGSST), la identificación y control de peligros ocupacionales y la normatividad colombiana, relacionada con el SST de microempresas de los sectores comercial y de servicios del barrio Los Naranjos del Municipio de Itagüí, Antioquia, Colombia. La investigación siguió un diseño descriptivo con la participación voluntaria de 50 microempresas. Se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado para la investigación en tres fases: revisión teórica, validación por expertos y pilotaje. En el cuestionario se incluyó: características de la empresa, componentes del SGSST, normatividad en SST y gestión de peligros que incluyó la identificación y control de los peligros. Se encontró que el 88% de las microempresas no asignan a una persona que maneje el SGSST y el 72% no afilia de manera permanente los trabajadores al Sistema General de Seguridad Social Integral. Los peligros físicos y químicos no se identifican y controlan de manera constante en el 34% y 38% de las microempresas respectivamente. El 93,86% promedio de las microempresas no conocen la normatividad colombiana relacionada con la SST. El panorama de la SST en un pequeño sector de negocios comerciales y de servicios, no es alentador frente a la adecuación del SGSST, la gestión de peligros y la adecuación e implementación de normas colombianas relacionadas con SST, obligatorias para el cuidado de los trabajadores.
Fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios em adolescentes: análise por modelagem de equações estruturais
Authors: Bogea Eduarda Gomes , Martins Maylla Luanna Barbosa , Carmo Cadidja Dayane Sousa do , Nascimento Joelma Ximenes Prado Teixeira , Arruda Soraia Pinheiro Machado , Ribeiro Cecília Claudia Costa , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da
Published: November 2021

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar os fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal com 391 adolescentes entre 17 e 18 anos de escolas públicas em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Realizou-se amostragem aleatória com conglomeração em três estágios: escola, turma e aluno. O consumo alimentar foi investigado por meio do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar, e os padrões alimentares foram extraídos por análise fatorial por componentes principais. Para avaliar os fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios, foi utilizada modelagem de equações estruturais. Foram construídas variáveis latentes: condição socioeconômica, que incluiu escolaridade materna, renda familiar e classe econômica; e inflamação, constituída pela interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e interleucina-8. Um modelo teórico foi elaborado para avaliar fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios, indicando os efeitos diretos e indiretos entre as variáveis latentes e observadas. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados (ocidental, básico brasileiro e saudável), com variância explicada de 31%, e padrão ocidental o de maior contribuição. Não foram encontradas associações dos padrões com a variável latente inflamação. O excesso de peso foi positivamente associado com a variável latente inflamação (coeficientes padronizados = 0,281; p = 0,002). A extração dos três padrões evidencia maior consumo de alimentos ricos em carboidratos e gorduras que são nutrientes diretamente relacionados ao aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O excesso de peso foi associado com maiores níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios.
Distribuição dos capitais científicos entre docentes permanentes de Ciências Sociais e Humanas e de Epidemiologia do campo da Saúde Coletiva
Authors: Deslandes Suely , Moraes Claudia Leite de , Maksud Ivia , Marques Emanuele Souza , Bosi Maria Lúcia Magalhães , Ianni Aurea Maria Zöllner
Published: November 2021

Resumo: A Saúde Coletiva tem se organizado a partir de três subcampos disciplinares: Epidemiologia; Política, Planejamento e Gestão e Ciências Sociais e Humanas. A partir do referencial sociológico da teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, analisou-se a distribuição de um conjunto de capitais científicos entre dois desses grupos de agentes científicos. Os dados foram extraídos do currículo Lattes de 191 docentes que fazem parte do corpo permanente dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva avaliados como de excelência pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), sendo 38 das Ciências Sociais e Humanas e 153 da Epidemiologia, sendo consolidados em um banco de dados em Excel. As dimensões analisadas foram: capital herdado ou adquirido, capital escolar, capital de poder político ou econômico, capital de poder universitário, capital de prestígio científico e capital de notoriedade intelectual. Apresentou-se o perfil da população de estudo com relação aos capitais estudados, assim como uma análise estratificada destes capitais considerando os dois grupos, além de uma análise de correspondência múltipla. Os dois grupos apresentam distribuição semelhante na maioria dos capitais, conformando um grupo de grande prestígio científico. A exceção se dá justamente nos capitais de publicação e citação, considerados centrais para a aferição de maior prestígio e reconhecimento. A predominância numérica da Epidemiologia também pode possibilitar maior ocupação nas instâncias decisórias de aferição de prestígio. Conclui-se que equilíbrio do campo se dá na afirmação da alteridade, permitindo que distintos capitais tenham espaço mais destacado na aferição de prestígio científico.
Análise dos registros de atendimentos de mulheres que realizaram aborto previsto em lei em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silva Maura Carolina Belomé da , Knauth Daniela Riva , Borges Rogério Boff , Nunes Luciana Neves , Giugliani Camila
Published: November 2021

Resumo: O aborto permitido por lei no Brasil é um direito pouco garantido devido a múltiplas barreiras de acesso. A dificuldade em obter-se registros confiáveis e de fácil acesso, que subsidiem ações de monitoramento e avaliação pertinentes a essa temática, é outra questão preocupante relacionada à organização do sistema de saúde. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os registros de atendimentos a mulheres que realizaram aborto legal no Município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2013 a 2018 e identificar sua prevalência no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH). Para isso, os prontuários dos casos de aborto previstos em lei, realizados nos quatro serviços de referência foram avaliados in loco. Os dados obtidos foram cruzados com o banco do SIH do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A razão de prevalência foi estimada por meio do modelo de regressão Poisson, com variância robusta. Foram identificados, nos prontuários, 236 casos de aborto legal, dos quais 95 (40,3%) estavam registrados no SIH. Os casos cujos prontuários tinham o CID O04 (aborto por razões médicas) identificado em seus registros internos tiveram uma prevalência de 3,02 (IC95%: 1,83-4,98) vezes de constarem no SIH do que aqueles que não identificaram. Foi observado que o número de registros de aborto legal no SIH diferia dependendo do hospital; no entanto, verificou-se que, independentemente do hospital, o fato do registro interno descrever o CID O04 aumenta a prevalência de registros no SIH. Conclui-se que a falta de padronização e o sub-registro dificultam a obtenção de informações fidedignas na base de dados nacionais do SUS, aumentando a invisibilidade do aborto legal.
Investigación formativa para el diseño e implementación de una estrategia para aumentar el rastreo de cáncer colorrectal en el ámbito laboral en Argentina
Authors: Alonso Juan Pedro , Belizán María , Comolli Mariana , González Lucas , Roberti Javier , Pichón-Riviere Andrés , Bardach Ariel
Published: November 2021

Resumen: El ámbito laboral tiene un gran potencial para difundir información e implementar actividades de promoción de la salud, como la prevención y detección temprana del cáncer. Debido al desafío de implementar intervenciones sanitarias en este ámbito, se necesitan investigaciones formativas para adecuar el diseño y la implementación de las estrategias para que sean exitosas. Con el objetivo de informar el diseño e implementación de la intervención, para mejorar la tasa de adherencia al tamizaje con el test de sangre oculta en materia fecal, en un ámbito laboral en Argentina, se realizó una investigación formativa para identificar potenciales barreras y facilitadores. La investigación formativa siguió un diseño metodológico cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas con 10 responsables de áreas clave de la institución en que se desarrolló el estudio y 8 grupos focales con trabajadores mayores de 50 años. Se identificaron desafíos para la implementación de la intervención en el nivel institucional, como la dispersión geográfica de los trabajadores y la complejidad del organigrama de la institución, y en el nivel de la población objetivo, como el bajo conocimiento del cáncer colorrectal y de los test diagnósticos, así como la baja percepción de riesgo. Entre los facilitadores se destacaron la aceptabilidad de la intervención, además de la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y materiales para llevar adelante la intervención, como canales de comunicación institucional para la diseminación de información, así como la logística para la distribución de kits diagnósticos. La investigación formativa permitió relevar recursos e identificar potenciales barreras que informaron el diseño y la implementación de la intervención.
Diversidade sexual na escola: estudo qualitativo com estudantes do Ensino Médio do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Matta Thenessi Freitas , Taquette Stella Regina , Souza Luciana Maria Borges da Matta , Moraes Claudia Leite de
Published: November 2021

Resumo: A LGBTfobia se configura como contexto de vulnerabilidade à saúde das pessoas cuja sexualidade é diversa do padrão heteronormativo, denominadas minorias sexuais, principalmente na adolescência, período de definição das identidades sexuais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como estudantes do Ensino Médio percebem seus pares das minorias sexuais e como entendem a atitude da escola e educadores frente à diversidade sexual. O método utilizado foi qualitativo por meio de 13 grupos focais com 132 estudantes de ambos os sexos, de escolas públicas e privadas de Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A análise dos dados foi realizada com apoio do software webQDA, em uma abordagem de base compreensiva, e os dados classificados em duas categorias. Na primeira, denominada “os estudantes e a diversidade sexual”, os participantes percebem a diversidade sexual como normal, pois é comum e se apresenta frequentemente na idade deles. Contudo, confirmaram atitudes homofóbicas contra aqueles cujo comportamento de gênero não está de acordo com o esperado para seu sexo biológico. Na segunda categoria, “a escola e a diversidade sexual”, os estudantes reconhecem a adoção de medidas discriminatórias contra casais homoafetivos por parte da coordenação escolar e a ausência do tema diversidade sexual nas atividades educativas. Os resultados indicam que as políticas de educação sexual são insuficientes para a garantia dos direitos humanos das minorias sexuais, o que representa maior vulnerabilidade à saúde desse estrato populacional.
A pandemia de Covid-19 narrada por mulheres: o que dizem as profissionais de saúde?
Authors: Canavêz Fernanda , Farias Camila Peixoto , Luczinski Giovana Fagundes
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou investigar narrativas de mulheres brasileiras que trabalham como profissionais de saúde no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Parte de uma pesquisa que discute as repercussões subjetivas desse contexto, a partir da perspectiva de gênero, para a qual foi construído um questionário on-line, que convida as mulheres a narrar suas vivências. A investigação foi desenvolvida no âmbito da psicologia, articulando os métodos psicanalítico e fenomenológico, aliados às teorias feministas, em prol de uma análise crítica e situada de fenômenos contemporâneos. A análise qualitativa dos relatos de 602 mulheres levou a diferentes aspectos, dentre os quais se destaca a intensificação das exigências de cuidado, seja no âmbito familiar, seja no âmbito profissional, o que as leva a desconsiderar o autocuidado. Ao mesmo tempo, a exposição ao risco e o medo constante parecem levar à ocorrência de um contágio psíquico a partir do contato com os pacientes acometidos pela Covid-19, o que produz sofrimento intenso. Os resultados evidenciam como as questões de gênero repercutem nas mulheres que trabalham na área da saúde, reafirmando a necessidade de considerar as especificidades desse público na elaboração de políticas públicas e dispositivos de atenção em saúde mental.
Terapia ocupacional: uma profissão feminina ou feminista?
Authors: Lima Elizabeth Maria Freire de Araújo
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Considerando que a maioria das terapeutas ocupacionais são mulheres e que a profissão foi pensada, em seu início, como uma profissão feminina, este ensaio recuperou a presença do movimento feminista no solo em que germinou a terapia ocupacional e suas possíveis contribuições para o desenvolvimento da profissão na atualidade. O texto foi construído a partir de um estudo teórico, histórico e crítico, que revisitou as origens da terapia ocupacional enquanto campo de práticas e saberes ligados ao cuidado para apresentar exercícios para uma genealogia da profissão, enfatizando a presença, em seu surgimento, nos Estados Unidos da América, no início do século XX, do ativismo político e do pensamento feminista. Dessa forma, buscou-se problematizar os contornos tradicionalmente impostos à profissão e reativar a dimensão ético-política que marcou fortemente sua emergência, questionando as desigualdades de gênero que a atravessaram ao longo desses pouco mais de 100 anos de existência. A aproximação de epistemologias feministas foi fundamental para a realização desse percurso, que buscou dar visibilidade à potência da terapia ocupacional para escapar às modelagens restritivas da vida e do trabalho no contemporâneo.
Corpos em relação: contribuições das epistemologias feministas para uma prática obstétrica situada
Authors: Mortelaro Priscila Kiselar , Cirelli Jessica Fernandes
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Neste artigo, confronta-se o modelo tecnocrático dominante com práticas de assistência ao parto baseadas em outros paradigmas de produção de conhecimento, buscando fornecer uma alternativa à assistência intervencionista que se consolidou ao longo da história da obstetrícia. Em um primeiro momento, discute-se a emergência de uma prática obstétrica tecnocentrada e universalizante na medida em que o parto passa a se inscrever no âmbito de uma medicina com pretensões científicas. Em seguida, realiza-se uma reflexão sobre a própria produção de conhecimento a fim de apresentar elementos que possam embasar uma prática que expresse outro posicionamento epistêmico. Com inspiração nas reflexões de Donna Haraway, reflete-se sobre uma prática situada, que se volta ao particular e incorpora outros modos de produção de conhecimento no processo de tomada de decisão e ação.
Drying temperatures on the functional properties of purple-fleshed sweet potato
Authors: Vidal Herbert Gama , Araujo Leticia Figueiredo de , Barbosa Junior José Lucena
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: Purple-fleshed sweet potatoes are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, and also exhibit hypoglycemic properties. Anthocyanins are natural antioxidants with the capacity to inhibit or delay injuries caused by free radicals. Drying is one of the most commonly used vegetable preservation methods; although,it has parameters that affect the sensory and physicochemical properties of the final product. The present study assessed the impact of drying temperatures (40, 50, and 60 °C) on the purple-fleshed sweet potato. Cut, unpeeled potato slices of 4 cm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were dried in an oven with hot air circulation. The effect of the different temperatures on the antioxidant capacity, phenolic compound content, and total and monomeric quantities of anthocyanins in purple sweet potato were measured, and a mathematical model describing the drying kinetics was determined. According to the results observed, the process at 40 °C better preserved the phenolic compounds; however, drying at 50 °C was more efficient for conserving the antioxidant capacity measured by the H + capture method performed by DDPH, and for the total and monomeric quantities of anthocyanins. The mathematical models that best described the kinetic curves were those of Henderson and Pabis, and Page.
Dried distiller´s grains plus solubles supplementation improves low-quality tropical grass utilization on beef steers
Authors: Hernández Olegario , López Agustín , García Elisa Mariana , Nazareno Mónica Azucena , Arroquy José Ignacio
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of corn dried distiller´s grains (DDGS) supplementation on feed intake, total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of beef steers fed low-quality Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus, cv. Gatton panic). Twelve Braford crossbred steers were housed in individual pens (n = 4 steers/treatment), provided with three levels of DDGS supplement: 0%, 0.6%, or 1.2% BW. Steers were blocked by live weight and randomly assigned to treatments within the block. Corn DDGS supplementation increased total OM intake (21.55, 40.23, and 56.69 g/kg BW0.75) and tract OM digestibility (46.33, 49.03, and 72.39 % DM). Total tract digestible OM, CP, NDF and EE intake also increase in response to DDGS supplementation. Forage OM intake decreased when supplementation level reached 1.2 % BW. Also, ruminal pH decreased with DDGS supplementation level (6.88, 6.47, and 6.27). No differences were observed in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration; however, the molar proportion of acetate decreased (77.98, 73.90, and 67.29 % Total VFA) as well as acetate: propionate ratio (4.38, 3.48, and 2.74). On the contrary, propionate proportions increased (18.32, 21.86, and 24.81 % Total VFA). Levels of ammonia and lactate were within suggested values for optimal fermentation and bacterial growth. Low-quality grass supplementation with corn DDGS increased total OM intake and digestibility. Also, DDGS inclusion favorably altered volatile fatty acids profile by reducing the acetate to propionate ratio regarding forage-only diets.
Aroma of mature-green and tree-ripe mangoes after refrigerated air or controlled atmosphere storage
Authors: Bender Renar João , Brecht Jeffrey Karl , Baldwin Elizabeth Amory
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: Mango flavor is dependent on cultivar characteristics and postharvest handling procedures. Mangoes harvested with the ripening metabolism initiated develop better flavor than mangoes harvested at the mature-green stage. Different cultivars were harvested at both ripeness stages and evaluated to determine the effect of fruit ripeness, storage temperature and atmosphere on the volatiles present in aroma profiles. Mangoes of the cultivars Haden, Keitt and Tommy Atkins at distinct ripeness stages were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) with 2, 5 or 21 kPa O2 plus 0, 10 or 25 kPa CO2 at 5, 8, 12 or 15 °C. Terpene concentrations of mangoes stored in air were higher than the concentrations in mangoes stored in CA. The sesquiterpene α-copaene did not present recognizable peaks in almost all elusion sequences. The same result was observed with the monoterpene β-pinene in cv. Haden and cv. Keitt mangoes while in ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit β-pinene concentrations were below 1.06 µL.L-1. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly higher in mangoes from 2 kPa O2 storage than those from air storage or the other CA treatments. Terpene synthesis in air or CA storage in all cultivars varied significantly, preventing generalizations as to what storage conditions favor or limit aroma components elution.
Physicochemical and sensorial characterization of yacon mixed juice with bioactive properties
Authors: Suárez Daniel Felipe Toro , Lima Luciana Leite de Andrade , Stamford Thayza Christina Montenegro , Silva Dayanne Consuelo da , Santos Tiago Gomes , Lima Gerlane Souza de , Padilha Vivianne Montarroyos , Stamford Tânia Lúcia Montenegro
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: This study developed a palatable, acceptable, and functional mixed juice of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. Comosus), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa degener), and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), with enhanced bioactive and prebiotic compounds. The ideal proportion of fruit and yacon was derived after planning a mixture with six formulations and by evaluating their bioactive compounds and organic acid profile. The best formulation sensory evaluation was performed by the Just-About-Right test (JAR) and global acceptance. The chosen mixed juice (M6 - 30% pineapple, 45% passion fruit, and 30% yacon) presented results that showed elevated levels of antioxidant activity (82.5% DPPH* inhibition), carotenoids (0.97 mg.100g-1), and total polyphenols (70.28 mg.100g-1). Total flavonols (23.95 mg.100g-1), total anthocyanins (1.37 mg.100g-1), gallic acid (3.13 μg.mL-1), quercetin (2.25 μg.mL-1), syringic acid (1.01 μg.mL-1), citric acid (949.30 mg.100g-1), malic acid (140.35 mg.100g-1), and 0.58% of dietary fiber were also reported. Sensorially, consumers perceived high acidity, strong flavor, and a fibrous texture, which might have affected the global acceptance of the juice (6.0). Results indicated the feasibility of obtaining a functional and palatable mixed juice using yacon.
Ex vivo and in vitro poultry intestinal models to evaluate antimycotoxins additives
Authors: Duarte Vinicius , Mallmann Adriano Olnei , Tonini Camila , Liberalesso Diogo , Silva Cristiane Rosa da , Simões Cristina Tonial , Gressler Luciane Tourem , Bracarense Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro , Mallmann Carlos Augusto
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: In vitro tests are performed to evaluate the efficacy of antimycotoxins additives (AMAs); nevertheless, such assays show a low correlation with in vivo trials, which are also required to determine AMAs’ efficacy. In search of an alternative method, the current study investigated the use of an ex vivo technique. Six AMAs (AMA1 to AMA6) had their ability to reduce intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) evaluated. Jejunal explants were obtained from broilers and subjected to two treatments per AMA in Ussing chambers: T1 (control) - 2.8 mg/L AFB1, and T2 - 2.8 mg/L AFB1 + 0.5% AMA. AMAs were also tested in vitro to assess adsorption of AFB1 in artificial intestinal fluid. In the ex vivo studies, AMA1 to AMA6 decreased intestinal absorption of AFB1 by 67.11%, 73.82%, 80.70%, 85.86%, 86.28% and 82.32%, respectively. As for the in vitro results, AMA1 to AMA6 presented an adsorption of 99.72%, 99.37%, 99.67%, 99.53%, 99.04% and 99.15%, respectively. The evaluated ex vivo model proved useful in the assessment of AMAs. No correlation was reported between ex vivo and in vitro findings. Further studies are needed to elucidate the correlation between ex vivo and in vivo results seeking to reduce animal testing.
Hematological and biochemical parameters of premature kids of goats subjected to different dexamethasone protocols
Authors: Narciso Luis Gustavo , Alcindo Jefferson Ferreira , Bovino Fernanda , Trevizan Juliane Teramachi , Vieira Dielson da Silva , Almeida Breno Fernando Martins de , Bosco Anelise Maria , Feitosa Francisco Leydson Formiga
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT: Corticosteroid therapy has been used for ruminants to allow lung maturation and the birth of premature babies. However, when considering laboratory analyses of these animals, very little data is available regarding hematological and biochemical patterns, especially for premature goats, and the effects of corticotherapy on these parameters are unknown. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters during the first hours of life of premature kids from goats subjected to different dexamethasone protocols. For this, the goats were divided into four groups: group I, goats that received 20 mg of dexamethasone at 139 days of gestation; group II, 2 mg of dexamethasone from the 133rd to 136th day of gestation, 4 mg from the 137th to 139th, and 20 mg on the 140th; group III, 16 mg of dexamethasone from the 139th day, with repeated doses every 12 h until elective surgery; and group IV, goats that received 4, 8, 16, and 20 mg of dexamethasone at 137, 138, 139, and 140 days of gestation, respectively. Blood samples were obtained at birth (T0h) and after 1 (T1h), 12 (T12h), 24 (T24h), and 48 h (T48h) of life for hemogram and serum biochemistry assessment of urea, creatinine, total protein (PT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). PT levels and GGT activity were lower at birth in all groups and rose after colostrum ingestion. The creatinine values for all the experimental groups did not differ between T0h and T1h; however, they decreased in the subsequent moments. Except for group I, urea concentrations were higher at T48h than at T1h. The red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin counts decreased over time. The total leukocyte count behaved differently in different experimental groups, and was influenced by the levels of dexamethasone, mainly due to the change in the counts of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. It was concluded that significant changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters occur in the first hours of life of premature kids, and that the treatment of goats with dexamethasone can affect these parameters in a dose-dependent manner.
Seedling production of Coffea arabica from different cultivars in a modified hydroponic system and nursery using different containers
Authors: Lima Amador Eduardo de , Guimarães Rubens José , Cunha Samuel Henrique Braga da , Castro Elisa de Melo , Carvalho Alex Mendonça de , Faria Mauro Magalhães Leite
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The development of modified hydroponic cultivation has aroused interest and its use has enabled advantages in several crops, but studies for coffee are still scarce. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate seedling production of three Coffea arabica cultivars (Mundo Novo IAC-376-4, Catuaí IAC-62 Amarelo and MGS Paraíso 2), in a modified hydroponic system, and to compare it with the nursery production system, using plastic polyethylene tubettes and bags. Coffee seedlings in the development phase with cotyledon leaves, were cultivated in both cultivation systems. At 90 days after the implementation of the experiment, the seedlings were analyzed for growth (height, stem diameter, total number, leaf area, root area, root and shoot dry matter weight), and physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance). For the statistical analysis, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used in a factorial scheme 3 (cultivars) x 2 (containers) x 2 (cultivation systems), with four replications of ten plants per plot. The innovative production system of coffee seedlings in modified hydroponics, in combination with the use of polyethylene bags, provided greater growth of coffee seedlings with better physiological characteristics. Among the cultivars tested, MGS Paraíso 2 stood out with higher seedling growth (number of leaves, stem diameter and root and shoot dry matter weight).
Violência, silêncio e revolta velada nas leituras de Safo (fr. 31 Voigt)
Authors: Anjos Sara Camila Barbosa dos , Silva Rafael Guimaraes Tavares da
Published: November 2021

Resumo: A história da recepção dos poemas de Safo varia gradualmente, ao ritmo das mudanças na própria mentalidade de seus leitores, de modo que acompanhar diacronicamente essa variação é evidenciar o desenvolvimento do imaginário social com relação a muitas das questões complexas trazidas por sua poesia. A posição social da mulher, por exemplo, ou aspectos do homoerotismo - assuntos bastante imbricados em Safo - prestam-se de modo frequente como material para essas leituras, partindo de algumas das perspectivas vigentes num dado período a fim de criar e reforçar discursos de poder. O famoso fragmento 31 Voigt de Safo é um caso emblemático dessa multiplicidade de leituras. Nosso intuito é partir dele para tecer considerações e esclarecimentos sobre algumas facetas da obra de Safo encobertas por séculos de violência, silêncio e revolta velada.
O jogo do patriarcado em Um limite entre nós
Authors: Nakanishi Débora Spacini , Nigro Cláudia Maria Ceneviva
Published: November 2021

Resumo: O texto dramático pode admitir reflexões políticas variadas, acrescidas de intensidade, posto que o texto se materializa em performances. Neste artigo, trazemos uma crítica ao patriarcado fundamentada no feminismo negro, nos estudos de gênero e na interseccionalidade. A peça de teatro analisada é Um limite entre nós (em inglês, Fences), originalmente publicada em 1985, um texto pungente da literatura norte-americana criado pelo dramaturgo August Wilson (1945-2005). Na obra, o protagonista Troy encontra-se amarrado ao sistema racista americano, comportando-se conforme as regras rígidas do beisebol. No jogo, a esposa Rose tem pouquíssimas chances de vitória. Essa vida reduzida de Rose, apontada brilhantemente por Wilson, torna possível concebermos uma crítica à instituição da família e da sociedade capitalista ocidental sustentada no patriarcado.