bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk and Uncertainty in Travel Decision-Making: Tourist and Destination Perspective
Authors: Karl Marion
Published: November 2016

Many studies on risk and destination choice focus on specific destinations or tourist characteristics in an isolated way, resulting in a fragmented nature in research results without a comprehensive understanding. Therefore, an integrated research approach is applied using tourists’ self-assessments of risk and uncertainty in travel decision-making, as well as key characteristics of destinations at hypothetical and realistic stages of the destination choice process. The study uses data collected from a survey on German tourists’ destination choice behavior. The results show that high educational levels and high travel frequencies are distinct characteristics of risk-affine tourists, while higher age groups are more dominant in risk- and uncertainty-averse tourist types. Tourists with varying attitudes toward risk and uncertainty in travel decision-making differ strongly with respect to ideal destinations initially, but choose rather similar destinations when it comes to the final destination choice.
Forms of Dependence: Comparing SAOMs and ERGMs From Basic Principles
Authors: Block Per , Stadtfeld Christoph , Snijders Tom A. B.
Published: November 2016

Two approaches for the statistical analysis of social network generation are widely used; the tie-oriented exponential random graph model (ERGM) and the stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) or Siena model. While the choice for either model by empirical researchers often seems arbitrary, there are important differences between these models that current literature tends to miss. First, the ERGM is defined on the graph level, while the SAOM is defined on the transition level. This allows the SAOM to model asymmetric or one-sided tie transition dependence. Second, network statistics in the ERGM are defined globally but are nested in actors in the SAOM. Consequently, dependence assumptions in the SAOM are generally stronger than in the ERGM. Resulting from both, meso- and macro-level properties of networks that can be represented by either model differ substantively and analyzing the same network employing ERGMs and SAOMs can lead to distinct results. Guidelines for theoretically founded model choice are suggested.
The missiology of trouble: Liberal discontent and metamodern hope
Authors: Leffel Gregory
Published: November 2016

Missioners and missiologists called home from the wider world, literally or figuratively, to do mission in the United States return to confront a historically liberal society in disarray. To what troubles shall we address our public witness in word and deed? How shall we make our witness intelligible to a traditionally liberal society in the midst of its unraveling? Liberalism’s legitimacy crisis and the decline of the force of its social imaginary since the 1960s define the specific public conditions for a contemporary, contextually sensitive Christian mission in America. Liberalism is taken here not as a political orientation, but as a central theme in the public sensibilities shared by most Americans on the left and right. Liberalism’s often overlooked conceptual foundations and its many manifestations along a spectrum of ideologies and practices are presented as a background to this discussion. As well, the discussion features the pervasive and also overlooked Christian influences that emerged in the 18th century—the American Reformation—and elaborated into the middle of the 20th century to shape a distinctively (mostly) Protestant liberal society. A well-contextualized Christian public witness—and a public missiology—will draw from its own historical resources born in the American Reformation as well as address both post-political despair and metamodern hope if it is to make sense to a liberal society in trouble.
Assessment of the dynamic behavior of a new generation of complex natural rubber-based systems intended for seismic base isolation
Authors: Ivanoska-Dacikj Aleksandra , Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana , Jurk René , Wießner Sven , Heinrich Gert
Published: November 2016

This work, conceived as a second step in the development of high-performance damping materials suitable for seismic application, describes the preparation and characterization of complex natural rubber-based composites containing hybrid nano- and conventional fillers. The cluster–cluster aggregation model was used to assess the apparent filler networking energy. The values obtained suggested that the presence of the hybrid nanofiller strengthens the filler networking. The same model was used to understand the mechanisms of energy dissipation. The damping coefficient was found to be in the sought range between 10% and 20% (at 0.5 Hz and high shear strain).
Lies, Damned Lies, and Survey Self-Reports? Identity as a Cause of Measurement Bias
Authors: Brenner Philip S. , DeLamater John
Published: November 2016

Explanations of error in survey self-reports have focused on social desirability: that respondents answer questions about normative behavior to appear prosocial to interviewers. However, this paradigm fails to explain why bias occurs even in self-administered modes like mail and web surveys. We offer an alternative explanation rooted in identity theory that focuses on measurement directiveness as a cause of bias. After completing questions about physical exercise on a web survey, respondents completed a text message–based reporting procedure, sending updates on their major activities for five days. Random assignment was then made to one of two conditions: instructions mentioned the focus of the study, physical exercise, or not. Survey responses, text updates, and records from recreation facilities were compared. Direct measures generated bias—overreporting in survey measures and reactivity in the directive text condition—but the nondirective text condition generated unbiased measures. Findings are discussed in terms of identity.
Measuring Resonance and Dissonance in Social Movement Frames With Affect Control Theory
Authors: shuster stef m. , Campos-Castillo Celeste
Published: November 2016

We present a methodological innovation for analyzing archival data that involves the framing strategies from the failed 1980 Iowa Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). First, we conducted an archival analysis that suggested that pro-ERA groups used “frame resonance,” a strategy prominent in the social movement literature where activists align issues with ideologies. Meanwhile, anti-ERA groups used what we coin here as “frame dissonance” by depicting how passing the ERA clashed with ideologies. Next, we used affect control theory (ACT)’s Interact computer program to simulate how constituents likely responded to frames, given the distinct ideologies that existed during the time period. The simulations triangulated the archival analysis by (a) confirming our categorization of framing strategies as either resonance or dissonance and (b) identifying frame dissonance as potentially better for mobilizing than frame resonance. Our study demonstrates the value of Interact for triangulating archival analyses and adds a new framing strategy to the social movement literature.
Distinguishing Normative Processes From Noise
Authors: Morgan Jonathan H. , Rogers Kimberly B. , Hu Mao
Published: November 2016

This research evaluates the relative merits of two established and two newly proposed methods for modeling impressions of social events: stepwise regression, ANOVA, Bayesian model averaging, and Bayesian model sampling. Models generated with each method are compared against a ground truth model to assess performance at variable selection and coefficient estimation. We also assess the theoretical impacts of different modeling choices. Results show that the ANOVA procedure has a significantly lower false discovery rate than stepwise regression, whereas Bayesian methods exhibit higher true positive rates and comparable false discovery rates to ANOVA. Bayesian methods also generate coefficient estimates with less bias and variance than either stepwise regression or ANOVA. We recommend the use of Bayesian methods for model specification in affect control theory.
Matching Pre-Processing of Split-Ballot Survey Data for the Analysis of Double Standards
Authors: Arpino Bruno
Published: November 2016

Split-ballot data are often used to study double standards. The key problem of this design is that individual double standards cannot be identified. I propose a simple two-step approach based on a matching pre-processing of the data to estimate individual double standards. Once this preliminary first step is completed, any statistical technique (e.g., regression models) can be applied on the new data. I apply the method to gender double standards on attitudes toward the age one leaves home by using data from the third round of the European Social Survey. The proposed method simplifies regression analyses of the effects of covariates on double standards and offers new opportunities for research on double standards.
Intergenerational Relationships and Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Older Adults With Migrant Children: Does Internal or International Migration Make a Difference?
Authors: Guo Man , Liu Jinyu , Xu Ling , Mao Weiyu , Chi Iris
Published: November 2016

Relying on a purposive sample of 550 Chinese older adults in Beijing, China, this study examined the potential influence of children’s out-migration, internally or internationally, on intergenerational relationships and parental well-being. By comparing older adults in nonmigrant, internal migrant, transnational, and hybrid (have both migrant and nonmigrant children) families, we found that children’s out-migration only compromised intergenerational contact and instrumental support, but not monetary or emotional support. Older adults of different family types had similar levels of depression and life satisfaction. Those in internal migrant families were most likely to report financial worries, and those in transnational families were most likely to worry about lack of care. The influence of children’s out-migration was further confounded by parents’ coping resources. The findings suggest that the vulnerability of the “left-behind” elderly might have been exaggerated. Future studies shall distinguish different types of migration and the diversity among older adults with migrant children.
Bilingualism and working memory capacity: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Grundy John G , Timmer Kalinka
Published: November 2016

Bilinguals often outperform monolinguals on executive function tasks, including tasks that tap cognitive flexibility, conflict monitoring, and task-switching abilities. Some have suggested that bilinguals also have greater working memory capacity than comparable monolinguals, but evidence for this suggestion is mixed. We therefore conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of bilingualism on working memory capacity. Results from 88 effect sizes, 27 independent studies, and 2,901 participants revealed a significant small to medium population effect size of 0.20 in favor of greater working memory capacity for bilinguals than monolinguals. This suggests that experience managing two languages that compete for selection results in greater working memory capacity over time. Moderator analyses revealed that largest effects were observed in children than other age groups. Furthermore, whether the task was performed in the first (L1) or second (L2) language for bilinguals moderated the effect size of the bilingual advantage; this factor is often overlooked and our results point to the importance of defining language variables that influence critical cognitive outcomes.
Is visceral flow during intra-aortic balloon pumping size or volume dependent?
Authors: Gelsomino Sandro , Lozekoot Pieter W.J. , de Jong Monique M.J. , Lucà Fabiana , Parise Orlando , Matteucci Francesco , Romano Mario , Hossien Abdullrazak , La Meir Mark , Marchionni Niccolò , Maessen Jos G. , Lorusso Roberto
Published: November 2016

Aim:

We evaluated the influence of intra-aortic balloon size and volume on mesenteric and renal flows.

Methods:

Thirty healthy swine underwent 120-minute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Then, they were randomly assigned to the following five groups of animals, with six animals in each group: no intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), a short 35-mL IABP, a short 40-mL IABP, a long 35-mL IABP and a long 40-mL IABP. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and renal flows were measured at baseline (t0), at 2-hour ischemia (t1) and every hour thereafter until 6 hours of reperfusion (from tR1 to tR6).

Results:

SMA flows increased significantly at tR1 only in the two short IABP groups (p<0.001) and balloon volume did not appear to affect flows which, at any experimental time-point, were comparable using 35 mL or 40 mL balloons (p>0.05). Renal flows appeared to be influenced by balloon length, but not by volume. Indeed, flows in the renal arteries rose during IABP treatment; the increase was significantly higher in the short balloon groups and throughout the whole reperfusion (all, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

Changes in visceral perfusion during IABP assistance were significantly related to balloon length, but not to its volume. This could be relevant for the evolution of balloon engineering design in order to reduce the incidence of mesenteric ischemia following IABP. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with autologous tissue transfer
Authors: Konoeda Hisato , Yamaki Takashi , Hamahata Atsumori , Ochi Masakazu , Osada Atsuyoshi , Hasegawa Yuki , Kirita Miho , Sakurai Hiroyuki
Published: November 2016

Background

Breast reconstruction is associated with multiple risk factors for venous thromboembolism. However, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing breast reconstruction is uncertain.

Objective

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing breast reconstruction using autologous tissue transfer and to identify potential risk factors for deep vein thrombosis.

Methods

Thirty-five patients undergoing breast reconstruction were enrolled. We measured patients’ preoperative characteristics including age, body mass index (kg/m2), and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. The preoperative diameter of each venous segment in the deep veins was measured using duplex ultrasound. All patients received intermittent pneumatic pump and elastic compression stockings for postoperative thromboprophylaxis.

Results

Among the 35 patients evaluated, 11 (31.4%) were found to have deep vein thrombosis postoperatively, and one patient was found to have pulmonary embolism postoperatively. All instances of deep vein thrombosis developed in the calf and were asymptomatic. Ten of 11 patients underwent free flap transfer, and the remaining one patient received a latissimus dorsi pedicled flap. Deep vein thrombosis incidence did not significantly differ between patients with a free flap or pedicled flap (P = 0.13). Documented risk factors for deep vein thrombosis demonstrated no significant differences between patients with and without deep vein thrombosis. The diameter of the common femoral vein was significantly larger in patients who developed postoperative deep vein thrombosis than in those who did not ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The morbidity of deep vein thrombosis in patients who underwent breast reconstruction using autologous tissue transfer was relatively high. Since only the diameter of the common femoral vein was predictive of developing postoperative deep vein thrombosis, postoperative pharmacological thromboprophylaxis should be considered for all patients undergoing breast reconstruction regardless of operative procedure.
Collateral status and tissue outcome after intra-arterial therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Boers Anna MM , Jansen Ivo GH , Berkhemer Olvert A , Yoo Albert J , Lingsma Hester F , Slump Cornelis H , Roos Yvo BWEM , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , Dippel Diederik WJ , van der Lugt Aad , van Zwam Wim H , Marquering Henk A , Majoie Charles BLM ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN trial investigators †
Published: November 2016

Intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for ischemic stroke aims to save brain tissue. Collaterals are thought to contribute to prolonged penumbra sustenance. In this study, we investigate the effect of collateral status on brain tissue salvage with IAT. In 500 patients randomized between IAT and standard care, collateral status was graded from 0 (absent) to 3 (good). Final infarct volumes (FIV) were calculated on post-treatment CT. FIVs were compared between treatment groups per collateral grade. Multivariable linear regression with interaction terms was performed to study whether collaterals modified IAT effect on FIV. Four-hundred-forty-nine patients were included in the analysis. Median FIV for the IAT group was significantly lower with 54.5 mL (95% IQR: 21.8–145.0) than for the controls with 81.8 mL (95% IQR: 40.0–154.0) ( p = 0.020). Treatment effect differed across collateral grades, although there was no significant interaction (unadjusted p = 0.054; adjusted p = 0.105). For grade 3, IAT resulted in a FIV reduction of 30.1 mL ( p = 0.024). For grade 2 and 1, this difference was, respectively, 28.4 mL ( p = 0.028) and 28.4 mL ( p = 0.29). For grade 0, this was 88.6 mL ( p = 0.28) in favour of controls. IAT saves substantially more brain tissue as compared to standard care. We observed a trend of increasing effect of IAT with higher collateral grades.
Inhibition of stress fiber formation preserves blood–brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Manaenko Anatol , Yang Peng , Nowrangi Derek , Budbazar Enkhjargal , Hartman Richard E , Obenaus Andre , Pearce William J , Zhang John H , Tang Jiping
Published: November 2016

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents the deadliest subtype of all strokes. The development of brain edema, a consequence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, is the most life-threatening event after ICH. Pathophysiological conditions activate the endothelium, one of the components of BBB, inducing rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Upon activation, globular actin assembles into a filamentous actin resulting in the formation of contractile actin bundles, stress fibers. The contraction of stress fibers leads to the formation of intercellular gaps between endothelial cells increasing the permeability of BBB. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ICH on stress fiber formation in CD1 mice. We hypothesized that ICH-induced formation of stress fiber is triggered by the activation of PDGFR-β and mediated by the cortactin/RhoA/LIMK pathway. We demonstrated that ICH induces formation of stress fibers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibition of PDGFR-β and its downstream reduced the number of stress fibers, preserving BBB and resulting in the amelioration of brain edema and improvement of neurological functions in mice after ICH.
Increased brain hemopexin levels improve outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Leclerc Jenna L , Santiago-Moreno Juan , Dang Alex , Lampert Andrew S , Cruz Pedro E , Rosario Awilda M , Golde Todd E , Doré Sylvain
Published: November 2016

Following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), extracellular heme precipitates secondary brain injury, which results in irreversible brain damage and enduring neurological deficits. Hemopexin (Hpx) is an endogenous protein responsible for scavenging heme, thereby modulating its intrinsic proxidant/proinflammatory properties. Although Hpx is present in the brain, the endogenous levels are insufficient to combat the massive heme overload following ICH. We hypothesized that increasing brain Hpx levels would improve ICH outcomes. Unique recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors were designed to specifically overexpress Hpx within the mouse brain. Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry of brain homogenates/sections, CSF, and serum were performed. As compared to controls, Hpx mice have increased Hpx protein levels in all three types of biospecimens evaluated, which results in 45.6 ± 6.9% smaller lesions and improved functional recovery after ICH (n=14–19/group, p < 0.05). Local mechanistic analyses show significantly less tissue injury, trends toward smaller hematoma volumes, unchanged heme oxygenase 1 and iron levels, and significantly increased microgliosis and decreased astrogliosis and lipid peroxidation. Peripheral levels of heme-related markers indicate a positive modulation of iron-binding capacity. These findings reveal that high local Hpx levels improve ICH outcomes, likely through both central and peripheral clearance mechanisms, and establish the potential for therapeutically administering clinical-grade Hpx for ICH.
Thiamet G mediates neuroprotection in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization and inhibiting NF-κB p65 signaling
Authors: He Yating , Ma Xiaofeng , Li Daojing , Hao Junwei
Published: November 2016

Inflammatory responses are accountable for secondary injury induced by acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Previous studies indicated that O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in the pathology of AIS, and increase of O-GlcNAcylation by glucosamine attenuated the brain damage after ischemia/reperfusion. Inhibition of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) with thiamet G (TMG) is an alternative option for accumulating O-GlcNAcylated proteins. In this study, we investigate the neuroprotective effect of TMG in a mouse model of experimental stroke. Our results indicate that TMG administration either before or after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery dramatically reduced infarct volume compared with that in untreated controls. TMG treatment ameliorated the neurological deficits and improved clinical outcomes in neurobehavioral tests by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, TMG administration reduced the number of Iba1+ cells in MCAO mice, decreased expression of the M1 markers, and increased expression of the M2 markers in vivo. In vitro, M1 polarization of BV2 cells was inhibited by TMG treatment. Moreover, TMG decreased the expression of iNOS and COX2 mainly by suppressing NF-κB p65 signaling. These results suggest that TMG exerts a neuroprotective effect and could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent for ischemic stroke therapy.
Posttraumatic therapeutic hypothermia alters microglial and macrophage polarization toward a beneficial phenotype
Authors: Truettner Jessie S , Bramlett Helen M , Dietrich W Dalton
Published: November 2016

Posttraumatic inflammatory processes contribute to pathological and reparative processes observed after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent findings have emphasized that these divergent effects result from subsets of proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) microglia and macrophages. Therapeutic hypothermia has been tested in preclinical and clinical models of TBI to limit secondary injury mechanisms including proinflammatory processes. This study evaluated the effects of posttraumatic hypothermia (PTH) on phenotype patterns of microglia/macrophages. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent moderate fluid percussion brain injury with normothermia (37℃) or hypothermia (33℃). Cortical and hippocampal regions were analyzed using flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at several periods after injury. Compared to normothermia, PTH attenuated infiltrating cortical macrophages positive for CD11b+ and CD45high. At 24 h, the ratio of iNOS+ (M1) to arginase+ (M2) cells after hypothermia showed a decrease compared to normothermia. RT-PCR of M1-associated genes including iNOS and IL-1β was significantly reduced with hypothermia while M2-associated genes including arginase and CD163 were significantly increased compared to normothermic conditions. The injury-induced increased expression of the chemokine Ccl2 was also reduced with PTH. These studies provide a link between temperature-sensitive alterations in macrophage/microglia activation and polarization toward a M2 phenotype that could be permissive for cell survival and repair.
Managing for Results Differently: Examining Managers’ Purposeful Performance Information Use in Public, Nonprofit, and Private Organizations
Authors: Johansen Morgen , Kim Taehee , Zhu Ling
Published: November 2016

Performance information (PI) is only valuable when decision makers use it to improve their organization. Despite its importance, evidence on PI use is still limited, particularly about PI use in different contexts and for specific purposes. This article examines managers’ use of PI for specific purposes (purposeful PI [PPI]) and compares cross-sector differences in reported PPI use with a survey of nearly 1,000 top-level hospital managers in public, private, and nonprofit hospitals in the United States, while controlling for task. Findings show significant cross-sector differences in reported PPI use in three decision areas: personnel, day-to-day operations, and service efficiency, and that public managers use PI significantly less than their private and nonprofit counterparts in most decision areas. Results are discussed within the literature on performance management and cross-sector differences.
Value of dynamic MRI using the Ktrans technique for assessment of native kidneys in pre-emptive renal transplantation
Authors: Sade Recep , Kantarci Mecit , Karaca Leyla , Okur Aylin , Ogul Hayri , Keles Mustafa , Çankaya Erdem , Ayan Arif Kursad
Published: November 2016

Background

Different non-invasive imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasonography and renal scintigraphy are commonly employed to assess allograft function and associated complications. However, all such methods lack sufficient specificity to discriminate between residual renal function of native kidneys. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) evaluates signal dynamics during the passage of contrast material through the renal cortex, medulla, and collecting system.

Purpose

To investigate the value of DCE 3T MRI using a quantitative pharmacokinetic parameter (Ktrans) for the assessment of native kidneys before and after pre-emptive renal transplantation.

Material and Methods

Twenty-five consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease underwent DCE MRI before and 6 months after kidney transplantation. MRI was performed using a 3T scanner. Regions of interests were drawn over each kidney, encompassing the cortex and medulla but excluding the collecting system and any coexisting cysts. Parametric Ktrans values were automatically generated.

Results

In the pre-transplantation group, mean Ktrans values for the right and left kidneys were 0.55 ± 0.09 min–1 and 0.44 ± 0.15 min–1, respectively. In the post-transplantation group, mean Ktrans values of the right and left kidneys were 0.27 ± 0.07 min–1 and 0.25 ± 0.10 min–1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between right and left kidneys in terms of mean Ktrans values in the pre- and post-transplantation groups ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our preliminary results show that native kidneys were still functioning 6 months after transplantation. MR perfusion using Ktrans may constitute a non-invasive means of determination of the viability of native kidneys after renal transplantation.
Working Memory Capacity Predicts Selection and Identification Errors in Visual Search
Authors: Peltier Chad , Becker Mark W.
Published: November 2016

As public safety relies on the ability of professionals, such as radiologists and baggage screeners, to detect rare targets, it could be useful to identify predictors of visual search performance. Schwark, Sandry, and Dolgov found that working memory capacity (WMC) predicts hit rate and reaction time in low prevalence searches. This link was attributed to higher WMC individuals exhibiting a higher quitting threshold and increasing the probability of finding the target before terminating search in low prevalence search. These conclusions were limited based on the methods; without eye tracking, the researchers could not differentiate between an increase in accuracy due to fewer identification errors (failing to identify a fixated target), selection errors (failing to fixate a target), or a combination of both. Here, we measure WMC and correlate it with reaction time and accuracy in a visual search task. We replicate the finding that WMC predicts reaction time and hit rate. However, our analysis shows that it does so through both a reduction in selection and identification errors. The correlation between WMC and selection errors is attributable to increased quitting thresholds in those with high WMC. The correlation between WMC and identification errors is less clear, though potentially attributable to increased item inspection times in those with higher WMC. In addition, unlike Schwark and coworkers, we find that these WMC effects are fairly consistent across prevalence rates rather than being specific to low-prevalence searches.
Nostril Advantage in Trigeminal/Olfactory Perception and Its Relation to Handedness
Authors: Manescu Simona , Daniel Benjhyna , Filiou Renée-Pier , Lepore Franco , Frasnelli Johannes
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Few studies investigated nostril-advantage in chemosensory perception, particularly, in relation to handedness. The aim of the present article was therefore to assess whether trigeminal/olfactory perception is altered by handedness.

Methods

We tested 50 (all right-handed) and 43 (22 left-handed) participants in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. We used binary mixtures of cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptol, in different proportions presented as physical mixtures (the same exact mixture presented birhinally to each nostril) or as a dichorhinic mixtures (different mixtures presented to each nostril). Presenting dichorhinic mixtures allowed us to assess nostril dominance based on participants’ report on whether the mixture smelled more like cinnamon or eucalyptus. Participants also evaluated whether the stimuli were “painful,” “warm,” “cold,” and “intense” on visual scales.

Results

In Study 1, we find that in right handers, stimuli presented to the right nostril dominated over those presented to the left nostril. These stimuli were also rated as more “painful” and “intense.” In Study 2, we could not corroborate the findings in the right-handed individuals, and we found limited support for a nostril advantage left-handed individuals.

Conclusion

Although our data points toward a certain nostril advantage in chemosensory perception, the finding is not systematic, we discuss possible underlying factors.
The Impact of Types and Extent of Trauma on Depressive Affect Among Male Juvenile Sexual Offenders
Authors: Jencks Jennifer W. , Leibowitz George S.
Published: November 2016

High levels of depression have been found among incarcerated youth, which suggests that mental health problems are associated with delinquent behavior and are part of a constellation of risk factors that contribute to youth entering the juvenile justice system. In this project, we investigated trauma and mental health issues among male youth in residential treatment, and addressed the following questions: (a) Does childhood trauma predict current depression for male juvenile sexual offenders? (b) If so, do different types of traumas predict depressive affect better than others? and, (c) Does extent of trauma exposure predict depression? Data on incarcerated male juvenile sexual offenders were analyzed ( n = 379). Multiple regressions of various types of traumas and cumulative trauma and depression were conducted. Emotional abuse was the strongest predictor of depressive affect for this sample, and multiple exposures to trauma were the second strongest predictor.
Why Information Matters: Examining the Consequences of Suggesting That Pedophilia Is Immutable
Authors: Tozdan Safiye , Kalt Anna , Dekker Arne , Keller Livia B. , Thiel Stephanie , Müller Jürgen L. , Briken Peer
Published: November 2016

In this study, the impact of suggesting that pedophilia is immutable on a man’s specific self-efficacy for modifying his sexual interest in children was examined in 94 men with a sexual interest in children. The participants were selected from differing contexts and included non-forensic patients, forensic patients, and participants from the Internet. Randomly distributed to two conditions, the mutable condition group received the information that experts consider pedophilia to be modifiable, whereas the immutable condition group received the information that experts consider pedophilia to be stable. Afterward, the participants’ levels of specific self-efficacy for modifying their sexual interest in children were assessed. Non-forensic participants in the mutable condition reported higher levels of specific self-efficacy than those in the immutable condition. No differences in specific self-efficacy were revealed for the forensic and Internet participants when comparing the mutable and immutable conditions. It would appear appropriate to avoid generalized and absolute statements about the (im)mutability of sexual interest in children, as scientific research on this topic remains insufficient. Furthermore, given the present results, such statements might have serious consequences for an individual’s belief in being able to change his sexual interest in children.
Familial Depressive Symptoms and Delinquency: Separate Self-Reports From Mothers and Their Offspring
Authors: Ellis Lee , Hoskin Anthony
Published: November 2016

Research has documented that both unipolar and bipolar depression are positively correlated with involvement in delinquency and crime. The present study sought to broaden the understanding of these relationships by looking for links between offending and family histories of depressive symptoms in relationship to offspring delinquency. More than 6,000 college students and their mothers provided self-reported information regarding feelings of depression. Students provided self-reports of involvement in various categories of offending and drug use from ages 10 through 18. Numerous significant positive correlations were found between general feelings of depression and of manic depression and involvement in delinquency. The depression–delinquency relationships were strongest when considering offspring themselves, although maternal depression symptoms were also associated with various forms of offspring delinquency and drug use. To help assess the causal chains that might be involved, multiple regression and mediation analysis revealed that parental depression enhanced the probability of offspring feeling depressed and may have thereby contributed to offspring being delinquent, particularly in the case of manic depression. This study reconfirmed the well-established relationship between depression and involvement in delinquency and drug use, and suggests that it extends back to parental forms of depression, especially by the mother.
Buy-to-let gentrification: Extending social change through tenure shifts
Authors: Paccoud Antoine
Published: November 2016

Recent discussions of gentrification in the UK have centred on new builds and on the influence of particular public programmes. This paper focuses on a form of gentrification that has cut across both of these: buy-to-let, broadly defined as the purchase and transfer of a dwelling to the private rental market. Initiated in response to a favourable legislative and financial context, this form of property investment has not usually been considered as gentrification, likely because it is at odds with the historical link between gentrification and ownership in the UK, poses problems with consumption side explanations and is not seen as displacing low-income residents. The paper uses a detailed comparison of small-area social and tenure data from the 2001 and 2011 UK censuses to show that buy-to-let has become a prominent tenure trajectory in gentrifying neighbourhoods. This prominence emerges from the opportunity it affords to use the general value gap created by the deregulation of the private rental sector to close rent gaps in the most urban, central and disadvantaged areas of England. This tenure shift, shown to be intrinsically linked to gentrification, creates vast opportunities for asset appreciation but also initiates long term trajectories of displacement in surrounding areas.
Marx’s Capital in the information age
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: November 2016

This article argues that a media and communication studies perspective on reading Marx’s Capital has thus far been missing, but is needed in the age of information capitalism and digital capitalism. Two of the most popular contemporary companions to Marx’s Capital, the ones by David Harvey and Michael Heinrich, present themselves as general guidebooks on how to read Marx, but are actually biased towards particular schools of Marxist thought. A contemporary reading of Marx needs to be mediated with contemporary capitalism’s structures and the political issues of the day. Media, communications and the Internet are important issues for such a reading today. It is time to see Marx not just as a critic of capitalism but also as a critic of capitalist communications.
Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Midshaft Clavicle Fractures in Patients Aged 16 Years and Older: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Comparison of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies
Authors: Smeeing Diederik P.J. , van der Ven Denise J.C. , Hietbrink Falco , Timmers Tim K. , van Heijl Mark , Kruyt Moyo C. , Groenwold Rolf H.H. , van der Meijden Olivier A.J. , Houwert Roderick M.
Published: November 2016

Background:

There is no consensus on the choice of treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures (MCFs).

Purpose:

The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were (1) to compare fracture healing disorders and functional outcomes of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of MCFs and (2) to compare effect estimates obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched for both RCTs and observational studies. Using the MINORS instrument, all included studies were assessed on their methodological quality. The primary outcome was a nonunion. Effects of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis models.

Results:

A total of 20 studies were included, of which 8 were RCTs and 12 were observational studies including 1760 patients. Results were similar across the different study designs. A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that nonunions were significantly less common after surgical treatment than after nonsurgical treatment (odds ratio [OR], 0.18 [95% CI, 0.10-0.33]). The risk of malunions did not differ between surgical and nonsurgical treatment (OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.12-1.19]). Both the long-term Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Constant-Murley scores favored surgical treatment (DASH: mean difference [MD], −2.04 [95% CI, −3.56 to −0.52]; Constant-Murley: MD, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.52 to 4.95]). No differences were observed regarding revision surgery (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.42-1.73]). Including only high-quality studies, both the number of malunions and days to return to work show significant differences in favor of surgical treatment (malunions: OR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.92]; return to work: MD, −8.64 [95% CI, −16.22 to −1.05]).

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis of high-quality studies showed that surgical treatment of MCFs results in fewer nonunions, fewer malunions, and an accelerated return to work compared with nonsurgical treatment. A meta-analysis of surgical treatments need not be restricted to randomized trials, provided that the included observational studies are of high quality.
Adolescent Exposure to Violence and Adult Violent Victimization and Offending
Authors: Franzese Robert J. , Menard Scott , Weiss Andrea J. , Covey Herbert C.
Published: November 2016

Research on the effects of child abuse and of childhood and adolescent exposure to domestic violence or community violence has generally, with some exceptions, found them to be related to subsequent negative behavioral outcomes, such as crime, delinquency, and substance abuse. This study uses longitudinal self-report data from the National Youth Survey Family Study to investigate how being physically abused by parents, witnessing violence between parents, and exposure to violence in the neighborhood are related to violent victimization and offending in middle adulthood, controlling for prior involvement in the outcome behaviors in adolescence. Physical abuse and witnessing parental violence appear to have little direct impact on adult violent offending and victimization net of the impact of adolescent violent victimization more generally; but adolescent exposure to neighborhood violence does appear to be predictive of adult violent victimization and offending for female respondents.
Applicability of recycled aggregates in concrete piles for soft soil improvement
Authors: Medeiros-Junior Ronaldo A , Balestra Carlos ET , Lima Maryangela G
Published: November 2016

The expressive generation of construction and demolition waste is stimulating several studies for reusing this material. The improvement of soft soils by concrete compaction piles has been widely applied for 40 years in some Brazilian cities. This technique is used to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils, allowing executing shallow foundations instead of deep foundations. The compaction piles use a high volume of material. This article explored the possibility of using recycled aggregates from construction waste to replace the natural aggregates in order to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil, regarding its compressive strength. Construction wastes from different stages of a construction were used in order to make samples of concrete with recycled aggregates. The strength of concretes with natural aggregates was compared with the strength of concretes with recycled (fine and coarse) aggregates. Results show that all samples met the minimum compressive strength specified for compaction piles used to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils. The concrete with recycled aggregate from the structural stage had even higher resistances than the concrete with natural aggregates. This behaviour was attributed to the large amount of cementitious materials in the composition of this type of concrete. It was also observed that concrete with recycled fine aggregate has a superior resistance to concrete with recycled coarse aggregate.
Faith and Marital Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the Links Between Religious Affiliation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Ghana
Authors: Takyi Baffour K. , Lamptey Enoch
Published: November 2016

Research shows that intimate partner violence is quite widespread throughout the world. In the case of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), studies have concluded that cultural and economic factors help to sustain the spread and maintenance of intimate partner violence in the region. Although the cultural interpretations predominate in current research, few have examined the links between religion, an important cultural variable, and intimate partner violence in SSA. Given the growth and importance of religion in African cultures, we used data from the 2008 Ghana Demographic Health Survey ( n = 1,831) and ordinary least squares regression method to investigate the links between religious affiliation and intimate partner violence. Findings from our study point to some variations in intimate partner violence by affiliation. This is especially true with regard to women’s experience with sexual violence and emotional violence. Besides religion, we also found ideologies that support wife abuse, the nature of decision-making process at the household level, and husband’s use of alcohol to be important determinants of intimate partner violence in Ghana. We examined the implications of these findings.
Development of three-dimensional dynamic grinding force measurement platform
Authors: Huang Zhi , Chen Shihang , Wang Hongyan
Published: November 2016

In order to accurately measure and control high-frequency grinding force in the process of grinding, a novel measurement method of three-dimensional grinding force with mutual perpendicular and independent elastic elements is proposed in this paper. To detect the high frequency grinding force, a resistance strain-type three-dimensional grinding force measurement platform was designed and developed. The key performance indicators of the measurement platform were investigated via finite element simulation. In addition, the detection performance of the measurement platform was researched and verified through natural frequency measurement experiments, static calibration experiments, and grinding experiments. The results show that the proposed method can effectively alleviate the inherent contradiction between natural frequency and sensitivity in the traditional dynamometer; the measurement platform as-established fully meets the performance requirements of three-dimensional dynamic grinding force detection. To this effect, the results discussed here provide technical support for achieving accurate detection of high frequency grinding force, monitoring grinding processes, optimizing grinding parameters, and improving grinding quality.
The effect of head hardening process on the residual stress of rails
Authors: Turan Muhammet E , Ozcelik Sait , Husem Fazıl , Ahlatci Hayrettin , Sun Yavuz , Tozlu Ibrahim
Published: November 2016

In this study, the head hardening process was employed, by using a mixture of air and water under laboratory conditions, to improve the residual stress behavior of R260 grade rails . For this purpose, three types of specimens were selected. One group of rails was heated up to the austenite stage and then cooled for 20 s; the next group was heated up to the austenite stage and then cooled for 40 s and the third group was not exposed to any heat treatment. The hardness results showed that the specimens cooled for 40 s had excessive hardness; the specimens cooled for 20 s exhibited similar properties as that of R350HT rail standards, which are especially preferred in the lower radius of curvature bends in railways, but not that of R260. According to the analysis of residual stress, all samples had compressive residual stress, but the specimens cooled for 20 s had the highest stress value.