bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Gender on Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Proliferation and Differentiation In Vitro: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vogt Antonia , Faher Anissa , Kucharczak Joanna , Birch Mark , McCaskie Andrew , Khan Wasim
Published: December 2024

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential for novel treatments of several musculoskeletal conditions due to their ability to differentiate into several cell lineages including chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes. Researchers are exploring whether this could be utilized for novel therapies for joint afflictions. The role of gender in the ability of MSCs to differentiate and proliferate into different cells has not been clearly defined. This systematic review aims to report the current literature on studies, characterized by high quality and in-depth analysis even though quantitatively limited, that have looked at the role of gender in the differentiation and proliferation of MSCs. Sixteen studies were identified during the literature search, reporting 533 patients, of which 202 were male and 331 were female. MSC proliferation, phenotypic analysis and differentiation are reported and contrasted in terms of donor gender. Heterogeneity in methodologies across studies likely contributes to the inconclusive findings presented here, with no discernible statistical disparity observed between genders in differentiation traits. Nevertheless, the proliferation results indicate a notable gender-related impact. Future investigations should aim to ascertain the potential influence of gender on MSC proliferation capacities more conclusively, emphasizing the necessity of standardized protocols for MSC analyses to enhance accuracy and comparability across studies.
Antitumor Activity and Multi-Target Mechanism of Phenolic Schiff Bases Bearing Methanesulfonamide Fragments: Cell Cycle Analysis and a Molecular Modeling Study
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Alaa A.-M. , El-Azab Adel S. , Brogi Simone , Ayyad Rezk R. , Al-Suwaidan Ibrahim A. , Hefnawy Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Five phenolic Schiff bases (7–11) incorporating a fragment of methanesulfonamide were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacy as antitumor agents. Compounds 7 and 8 demonstrated the most potent antitumor action, with a positive cytotoxic effect (PCE) of 54/59 and 59/59 and a mean growth percentage (MG%) of 67.3% and 19.5%, respectively, compared with imatinib (PCE = 20/59 and MG% = 92.6%). The PCE values for derivatives 9–11 were 3/59, 4/59, and 4/59, respectively, indicating poor antitumor effect. Compound 8 exhibited the most significant efficacy, suppressing cell proliferation by an average of 50% at a dosage of 0.501 µM, in comparison with the reference drugs sorafenib (2.33 µM), gefitinib (2.10 µM), erlotinib (7.68 µM), and celecoxib (17.5 µM). Compounds 7 and 8 had substantial inhibitory effects on the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with IC50 values of 0.183 μM and 0.464 μM, respectively. Furthermore, they exhibited significant inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with IC50 values of 0.752 μM and 0.166 μM, respectively. Compound 8 exhibited the highest COX-2 inhibition (IC50 = 12.76 μM). We performed molecular docking dynamic experiments to examine the precise interaction and structural prerequisites for the anticancer activity of derivatives 7 and 8 by targeting EGFR and HER2.
Genetics and Genomics of Gastroschisis, Elucidating a Potential Genetic Etiology for the Most Common Abdominal Defect: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marquart John P. , Nie Qian , Gonzalez Tessa , Jelin Angie C. , Broeckel Ulrich , Wagner Amy J. , Reddi Honey V.
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: The exact etiology for gastroschisis, the most common abdominal defect, is yet to be known, despite the rising prevalence of this condition. The leading theory suggests an increased familial risk, indicating a possible genetic component possibly in the context of environmental risk factors. This systematic review aims to summarize the studies focused on the identification of a potential genetic etiology for gastroschisis to elucidate the status of the field. (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR method, Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched, and eligible publications were mined for key data fields such as study aims, cohort demographics, technologies used, and outcomes in terms of genes identified. Data from 14 human studies, with varied cohort sizes from 40 to 1966 individuals for patient vs. healthy controls, respectively, were mined to delineate the technologies evaluated. (3) Results: Our results continue the theory that gastroschisis is likely caused by gene–environment interactions. The 14 studies utilized traditional methodologies that may not be adequate to identify genetic involvement in gastroschisis. (4) Conclusions: The etiology of gastroschisis continues to remain elusive. A combination of omics and epigenetic evaluation studies would help delineate a possible genetic etiology for gastroschisis.
Determinants of Qualified Audit Opinion: Empirical Study of Portuguese Private Sector Hospitals
Authors: Simões Maria de Fátima , Carvalho Carla
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify the determinants of the auditor’s qualified opinion in 71 Portuguese privately owned hospitals from 2019 to 2021. Seven research hypotheses are defined, related to the characteristics of the audited hospitals (size, performance, and debt), the qualified opinion of the previous year and the auditor’s characteristics (type, gender, and switching). The hypotheses are statistically tested using logistic regression models and data collected from the ORBIS and SABI databases, as well as the hospital’s annual reports. The results evidence that the determinants of the qualified opinion in private sector hospitals are the qualified opinion from the previous year, the hospital’s debt level, and its performance. The first two factors have a positive influence, while performance has a negative influence. In turn, the size of the hospital and the characteristics of the auditor do not seem to influence that opinion. In the private health sector, it seems that the endogenous characteristics of the audited hospital have the most influence on the auditor’s opinion, while other factors, such as the auditor’s characteristics, do not appear to influence qualified opinion. The present study provides important contributions to theory and practice, as the qualified opinion is highly significant for more informed decision making and research related to audit opinion in the healthcare sector is very scarce.
Prospects for Drought Detection and Monitoring Using Long-Term Vegetation Indices Series from Satellite Data in Kazakhstan
Authors: Vitkovskaya Irina , Batyrbayeva Madina , Berdigulov Nurmaganbet , Mombekova Damira
Published: December 2024

The rainfed cereal growing regions of Northern Kazakhstan experience significant yield fluctuations due to dependence on weather conditions. Early detection and monitoring of droughts is crucial for effective mitigation strategies in this region. This study emphasises the following objectives: (1) description of the current vegetation condition with a possible separation of short-term weather effects and (2) analysing trends of changes with their directionality and quantification. Terra MODIS satellite images from 2000 to 2023 are used. Differential indices—Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI)—are used to determine the characteristics of each current season. A key component is the comparison of the current NDVI values with historical maximum, minimum, and average values to identify early indicators of drought. NDVI deviations from multiyear norms and VCI values below 0.3 visually reflect changing vegetation conditions influenced by seasonal weather patterns. The results show that the algorithm effectively detects early signs of drought through observed deviations in NDVI values, showing a trend towards increasing drought frequency and intensity in Northern Kazakhstan. The algorithm was particularly effective in detecting severe drought seasons in advance, as was the case in June 2010 and May 2012, thus supporting early recognition of drought onset. The Integrated Vegetation Index (IVI) and Integrated Vegetation Condition Index (IVCI) time series are used for integrated multiyear assessments, in analysing temporal changes in vegetation cover, determining trends in these changes, and ranking the weather conditions of each growing season in the multiyear series. Areas with high probability of drought based on low IVCI values are mapped. The present study emphasises the value of remote sensing as a tool for drought monitoring, offering timely and spatially detailed information on vulnerable areas. This approach provides critical information for agricultural planning, environmental management and policy making, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The study emphasises the importance of multiyear data series for accurate drought forecasting and suggests that this methodology can be adapted to other drought-sensitive regions. Emphasising the socio-economic benefits, this study suggests that the early detection of drought using satellite data can reduce material losses and facilitate targeted responses.
A Method for the Transformation of Abandoned Coal Mine Clusters and the Coordination Planning of Cultural Tourism Resources
Authors: Tao Haoyu , Li Xiaodan , Liu Zhen , Liu Zhiping , Li Jing , Wang Yangyang
Published: December 2024

To promote the economic revitalization and cultural prosperity of abandoned coal mine clusters and facilitate regional sustainable development, this study involved the construction of a ranking system for coal mines suitable for cultural tourism transformation and a regional cultural tourism resource coordination planning framework. The research findings and innovations are as follows: (1) Through a combination of subjective judgment and quantitative analysis, an AHP–entropy–TOPSIS evaluation model for the transformation of abandoned coal mine clusters was developed. This model significantly enhances the scientific and precise nature of the decision-making process. (2) By integrating cultural tourism land use indicators, a ranking system for the suitability of coal mines for transformation into cultural tourism destinations was established, enabling the identification of the most suitable coal mines for transformation. (3) The most suitable coal mines for transformation were then integrated with regional historical cultural resources. An innovative application of circuit theory was used to optimize the regional road network, while a kernel density analysis was employed to perform the functional zoning of the study area. This resulted in a comprehensive regional cultural tourism resource coordination planning framework. This study offers a valuable reference for transforming abandoned coal mines and integrating cultural tourism, contributing to regional sustainable development.
Mechanisms Behind Graphitization Modification in Polycrystalline Diamond by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser
Authors: Cui Xinrui , Zhang Chunyu , Li Guo , Song Chengwei , Qin Wentao , Wang Tao
Published: December 2024

The ultraprecision machining of diamond presents certain difficulties due to its extreme hardness. However, the graphitization modification can enhance its machinability. This work presents an investigation into the characteristics of the graphitization modification in polycrystalline diamond induced by a nanosecond pulsed laser. In this paper, the morphology of microgrooves under laser modification was observed, material deposition and graphitization in different regions were researched, and the regularities of microgrooves at different laser powers were obtained. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to reveal the mechanism behind graphitization modification; when the pulse laser acts on the diamond surface and the temperature rises to the critical temperature of graphitization, the graphite crystal nuclei form and grow, resulting in the graphitization modification. It was confirmed that the existence of grain boundaries (GBs) contributed to the graphitization of polycrystalline diamond during laser modification. It was predicted that a lower laser power could cause a higher proportion of graphitization. The results of ablation thresholds and the effect of the defocusing position on the graphitization of diamond showed that for a fixed laser power, the highest graphitization ratio could be obtained when the defocusing quantity was optimized. Finally, the results of precision grinding experiments verified the feasibility of using laser graphitization pretreatment to improve the efficiency and quality of precision grinding.
Exploring the Broad Spectrum of Titanium–Niobium Implants and Hydroxyapatite Coatings—A Review
Authors: Radulescu Radu , Meleșcanu Imre Marina , Ripszky Alexandra , Rus Florentina , Popa Alexandra , Moisa Mihai , Funieru Cristian , Ene Razvan , Pituru Silviu
Published: December 2024

Tooth loss replacement using dental implants is becoming more frequent. Traditional dental implant materials such as commercially pure titanium and titanium aluminum vanadium alloys have well-proven mechanical and biological properties. New titanium alloying metals such as niobium provide improved mechanical properties such as lower elastic modulus while displaying comparable or even better biocompatibility. Hydroxyapatite coatings are a well-documented and widely used method for enhancing dental implants’ surface characteristics and properties and could provide a useful tool for further enhancing titanium–niobium implant properties like osteointegration. Among several coating techniques, physical deposition methods and, in particular, vapour deposition ones are the most used due to their advantages compared to wet deposition techniques for hydroxyapatite coating of metallic surfaces like that of dental implants. Considering the scarcity of data concerning the in vivo evaluation of titanium–niobium biocompatibility and osteointegration and the lack of studies investigating coating these new proposed alloys with hydroxyapatite, this review aims to further knowledge on hydroxyapatite-coated titanium niobium alloys.
Design of Active Suspension Controllers for 8 × 8 Armored Combat Vehicles
Authors: Jeong Yonghwan , Yim Seongjin
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a method to design an active suspension controller for 8 × 8 armored combat vehicles, which is called corner damping control (CDC). It is assumed that the target vehicle with 8 × 8 drive mechanisms and 8 suspensions has active actuators on each suspension for vertical, roll and pitch motion control on a sprung mass. A state-space model with 22 state variables is derived from the target vehicle. With the state-space model, a linear quadratic (LQ) cost function is defined. The control objective is to reduce the vertical acceleration, pitch and roll angles of a sprung mass for ride comfort, durability and turret stabilization. To avoid full-state feedback of LQR, a static output feedback control (SOF) is selected as a control structure for CDC. The vertical velocity, roll and pitch rates of a sprung mass, and vertical velocities at each corner, are selected as a sensor output. With those sensor outputs and LQ cost function, four LQ SOF controllers are designed. To validate the effectiveness of the LQ SOF controllers, simulation is carried out on a vehicle simulation package. From the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed CDC with LQ SOF controllers with a much smaller number of sensor outputs and controller gains can reduce the vertical acceleration, pitch and roll angles of a sprung mass and, as a result, improve ride comfort, durability and turret stabilization.
Estimation of Sporulated Cell Concentration of Bacillus thuringiensis in a Batch Biochemical Reactor via Simple State Observers
Authors: Zárate-Castrejón José Luis , López-Pérez Pablo A. , López-López Milagros , Núñez-Colín Carlos A. , Veloz-García Rafael A. , Mukhtar Hamid , Peña-Caballero Vicente
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a contrast of two different observation strategies viz a nonlinear observer and a classical extended Luenberger observer applied to a bioreactor system for Bacillus thuringiensis production. The performance of the two observers was evaluated under different conditions, both with and without state perturbations. Firstly, equal initial conditions were considered without the presence of white noise in the measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium. The performance was then analyzed by perturbing the maximum cell growth rate with equal and different initial conditions, and, finally, the performance of the observer with the presence of white noise was evaluated. The proposed observer performed better than the extended Luenberger observer against initial conditions different from the model. The results of this study are of great interest, as they provide insight into the estimation of the state of the dynamics for the B. thuringiensis bioreactor in a batch mode. In addition, these results provide valuable information for future research in the design of observers for B. thuringiensis bioprocessing.
Class of Calibrated Estimators of Population Proportion Under Diagonal Systematic Sampling Scheme
Authors: Audu Ahmed , Aphane Maggie , Ahmad Jabir , Singh Ran Vijay Kumar
Published: December 2024

Estimators of population characteristics which only exploit information of the study characters tend to be prone to outliers or extreme values that may characterize sampling information due to randomness in selection thereby making them to be less efficient and robust. One of the approaches often adopted in sampling surveys to address the aforementioned issue is to incorporate supplementary character information into the estimators through a calibration approach. Therefore, this study introduced two novel methods for estimating population proportion using diagonal systematic sampling with the help of an auxiliary variable. We developed two new calibration schemes and analyzed the theoretical properties (biases and mean squared errors) of the estimators up to the second-degree approximation. The theoretical findings were supported by simulation studies on five populations generated using the binomial distribution with various success probabilities. Biases, mean square errors (MSE) and the percentage relative efficiency (PRE) were computed, and the results revealed that the proposed estimators have the least biases, the least MSEs and higher PREs, indicating the superiority of the proposed estimators over the existing conventional estimator. The simulation results showed that our proposed estimators under the proposed calibration schemes performed more efficiently on average compared to the traditional unbiased estimator proposed for population proportion under diagonal systematic sampling. The superiority of the results of the proposed method over the conventional method in terms of bias, efficiency, efficiency gain, robustness and stability imply that the calibration approach developed in the study proved to be effective.
Role of Polyphosphate as an Inorganic Chaperone to Prevent Protein Aggregation Under Copper Stress in Saccharolobus solfataricus
Authors: Acevedo-López José , González-Madrid Gabriela , Navarro Claudio A. , Jerez Carlos A.
Published: December 2024

Polyphosphates are biopolymers composed of phosphate monomers linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. They are present across all life domains, serving as a source of energy, metal chelators, and playing a crucial role in stress defense. In Escherichia coli, polyphosphates also function as inorganic molecular chaperones. The present study aims to investigate whether polyphosphate serves a similar chaperone function in archaea, using Saccharolobus solfataricus as a model organism. To this end, polyphosphate was extracted and quantified, the ADP/ATP ratio was determined, insoluble protein extracts were analyzed at different time points after copper exposure, and qPCR was performed to measure the expression of stress-related genes. PolyP was extracted after exposing the archaeon S. solfataricus to different copper concentrations. We determined that polyP degradation is directly correlated with metal concentration. At the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mM Cu2+, polyP degradation stabilized 2 h after exposure and showed no recovery even after 24 h. The ADP/ATP ratio was measured and showed differences in the presence or absence of polyP. The analysis of proteins precipitated under copper stress showed a higher proportion of insoluble proteins at an elevated metal concentration. On the other hand, increased protein precipitation was detected in the absence of polyP. Gene expression analysis via qPCR was conducted to assess the expression of genes involved in chaperone and chaperonin production, copper resistance, oxidative stress response, and phosphate metabolism under prolonged copper exposure, both in the presence and absence of polyP. The results indicated an upregulation of all the chaperonins measured in the presence of polyP. Interestingly, just some of these genes were upregulated in polyP’s absence. Despite copper stress, there was no upregulation of superoxide dismutase in our conditions. These results highlight the role of polyP in the copper stress response in S. solfataricus, particularly to prevent protein precipitation, likely due to its function as an inorganic chaperone. Additionally, the observed protein precipitation could be attributable to interactions between copper and some amino acids on the protein structures rather than oxidative stress induced by copper exposure, as previously described in E. coli. Our present findings provide new insights into the protective role of polyP as an inorganic chaperone in S. solfataricus and emphasize its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis under metal stress conditions.
Diversity and Composition of the Airborne Fungal Community in Mexico City with a Metagenomic Approach
Authors: Brunner-Mendoza Carolina , Calderón-Ezquerro María del Carmen , Guerrero-Guerra César , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Salinas-Peralta Ilse , Toriello Conchita
Published: December 2024

Airborne fungi are widely distributed in the environment and originate from various sources like soil, plants, decaying organic matter, and even indoor environments. Exposure to airborne fungal spores can cause allergic reactions, asthma, and respiratory infections. Certain fungi can cause serious infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. An aerobiological study was conducted to detect airborne fungi using metagenomics in three areas of Mexico City, each representing different degrees of urbanization, during the dry and rainy seasons of 2017. Seasonality showed a significant role in the composition of airborne fungi. Ascomycota predominated in the three areas sampled during dry and rainy seasons, with the genera Cladosporium and Penicillium presenting the highest relative abundances across seasons. The Agaromycetes showed an increase during the rainy season. Regarding the areas, the north and center sites showed similar meteorological conditions and fungal community composition patterns. According to the Shannon and Simpson indices, the south area showed a greater species diversity during the dry season. These insights into the interactions between urbanization, seasonality, and airborne microbial communities could contribute to more effective urban management, reduced health risks, and the promotion of sustainable development.
Specific Ion Effects in Hydrogels
Authors: Ball Vincent
Published: December 2024

Specific ion effects on the structure and function of many biological macromolecules, their associations, colloidal systems, interfacial phenomena, and even “simple” electrolytes solutions are ubiquitous. The molecular origin of such phenomena is discussed either as a salt-induced change of the water structure (the hydrogen bond network) or some specific (solvent mediated) interactions of one or both of the ions of the electrolyte with the investigated co-solute (macromolecules or colloidal particles). The case of hydrogels is of high interest but is only marginally explored with respect to other physico-chemical systems because they are formed through the interactions of gelling agents in the presence of water and the added electrolyte. In addition, hydrogels in a physiological environment, in which they are used for biomedical applications, may be subjected to fluctuations in their ionic environment. In this review, specific ion effects on the properties of hydrogels (made from macromolecules or small-molecular-weight gelators) are reviewed and discussed. In particular, the importance of specific ion binding to the molecules constituting the gel network versus the effect of the same ions on the structure of water is discussed.
Endosomal Escape and Nuclear Localization: Critical Barriers for Therapeutic Nucleic Acids
Authors: Allen Randall , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: December 2024

Therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have emerged as promising treatment strategies for a wide variety of diseases, offering the potential to modulate gene expression with a high degree of specificity. These small, synthetic nucleic acid-like molecules provide unique advantages over traditional pharmacological agents, including the ability to target previously “undruggable” genes. Despite this promise, several biological barriers severely limit their clinical efficacy. Upon administration, TNAs primarily enter cells through endocytosis, becoming trapped inside membrane-bound vesicles known as endosomes. Studies estimate that only 1–2% of TNAs successfully escape endosomal compartments to reach the cytosol, and in some cases the nucleus, where they bind target mRNA and exert their therapeutic effect. Endosomal entrapment and inefficient nuclear localization are therefore critical bottlenecks in the therapeutic application of TNAs. This review explores the current understanding of TNA endosomal escape and nuclear transport along with strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges, including the use of endosomal escape agents, peptide-TNA conjugates, non-viral delivery vehicles, and nuclear localization signals. By improving both endosomal escape and nuclear localization, significant advances in TNA-based therapeutics can be realized, ultimately expanding their clinical utility.
Exposure to a Titanium Dioxide Product Alters DNA Methylation in Human Cells
Authors: Wells Carlos , Pogribna Marta , Sharmah Arjun , Paredes Angel , Word Beverly , Patri Anil K. , Lyn-Cook Beverly , Hammons George
Published: December 2024

The safety of titanium dioxide (TiO2), widely used in foods and personal care products, has been of ongoing concern. Significant toxicity of TiO2 has been reported, suggesting a risk to human health. To evaluate its potential epigenotoxicity, the effect of exposure to a TiO2 product to which humans could be exposed on DNA methylation, a primary epigenetic mechanism, was investigated using two human cell lines (Caco-2 (colorectal) and HepG2 (liver)) relevant to human exposure. Global methylation was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based immunochemical analysis. Gene promoter methylation was evaluated using EpiTect Methyl II Signature PCR System Array technology. Expression of DNA methyltransferases, MBD2, and URHF1 was quantified by qRT-PCR. A decrease in global DNA methylation was observed in both cell lines. Across the cell lines, seven genes (BNIP3, DNAJC15, GADD45G, GDF15, INSIG1, SCARA3, and TP53) were identified in which promoters were methylated. Changes in promoter methylation were associated with gene expression. Results also revealed aberrant expression of regulatory genes, DNA methyltransferases, MBD2, and UHRF1. Findings from the study clearly demonstrate the impact of TiO2 exposure on DNA methylation in two cell types, supporting the potential involvement of this epigenetic mechanism in its biological responses. Hence, epigenetic studies are critical for complete assessment of potential risk from exposure.
New Label-Free DNA Nanosensor Based on Top-Gated Metal–Ferroelectric–Metal Graphene Nanoribbon on Insulator Field-Effect Transistor: A Quantum Simulation Study
Authors: Tamersit Khalil , Kouzou Abdellah , Rodriguez José , Abdelrahem Mohamed
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a new label-free DNA nanosensor based on a top-gated (TG) metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistor (TG-MFM GNRFET) is proposed through a simulation approach. The DNA sensing principle is founded on the dielectric modulation concept. The computational method employed to evaluate the proposed nanobiosensor relies on the coupled solutions of a rigorous quantum simulation with the Landau–Khalatnikov equation, considering ballistic transport conditions. The investigation analyzes the effects of DNA molecules on nanodevice behavior, encompassing potential distribution, ferroelectric-induced gate voltage amplification, transfer characteristics, subthreshold swing, and current ratio. It has been observed that the feature of ferroelectric-induced gate voltage amplification using the integrated MFM structure can significantly enhance the biosensor’s sensitivity to DNA molecules, whether in terms of threshold voltage shift or drain current variation. Additionally, we propose the current ratio as a sensing metric due to its ability to consider all DNA-induced modulations of electrical parameters, specifically the increase in on-state current and the decrease in off-state current and subthreshold swing. The obtained results indicate that the proposed negative-capacitance GNRFET-based DNA nanosensor could be considered an intriguing option for advanced point-of-care testing.
Numerical Simulation of Mercury Conversion During Pulverized Coal Combustion
Authors: Ma Jiuli , Yan Beibei
Published: December 2024

The emission of elemental mercury poses significant risks to both the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, limiting its emission is critical. Although numerous studies have explored various aspects of elemental mercury, the precipitation and transformation characteristics of elemental mercury in pulverized coal under different operating conditions remain poorly understood. This study introduces a novel approach—specifically, the development of a mercury sub-model by integrating thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, and fluid dynamics. Using Fluent, this study simulates the transformation of elemental mercury during the pulverized coal combustion process in a 328.5 MW tangential combustion boiler under varying operating conditions. The study adopts excess air coefficients of 1.11, 1.16, and 1.21, along with corresponding burnout air ratios of 15%, 20%, and 25%. The study investigates three air distribution methods: inverted tower, uniform tower, and positive tower air distribution. The results indicate that lower excess air coefficients and burnout air ratios result in an increased amount of elemental mercury. Additionally, the study demonstrates that inverted tower air distribution can inhibit the precipitation and transformation of mercury.
A Case Report on a Fractured Ceramic Bearing Surface Following Total Hip Replacement and a Short Review on the Mechanisms of Liner Fracture
Authors: Stefan Calin , Moldovan Cristian , Marsavina Liviu , Hurmuz Mihai , Stefan Iuliana
Published: December 2024

Background and Clinical Significance: Since their first introduction in the early 1950s, hip prostheses implants are becoming increasingly reliable; nevertheless, failures can still happen. The focus of this paper is to present a case study on a catastrophic fractured hip prosthesis liner that consequently led to revision surgery and the replacement of the destroyed implant. Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and had Total Hip Arthroplasty on both legs, but only the right side needed revision due to a fracture in the liner. The patient’s symptoms were a squeaking sound, functional impairment, and pain, and an X-ray showed the extent of the damage. We also present a short review on the mechanisms of liner fracture, focusing strictly on the mechanical aspects of failure. Conclusions: Hip prosthesis implants are not immune to failure. This case highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and emphasizes the need for vigilant postoperative monitoring and the development of predictive tools.
Associations Between Brominated Flame Retardant Exposure and Depression in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cheng Yulan , Fei Yue , Xu Zemin , Huang Ruiyao , Jiang Yuling , Sun Lihan , Wang Xuehai , Yu Shali , Luo Yonghua , Mao Xiaobo , Zhao Xinyuan
Published: December 2024

Background: Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a type of widespread pollutant that can be transmitted through particulate matter, such as dust in the air, and have been associated with various adverse health effects, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited research on the link between exposure to mixtures of BFRs and depression in the general population. Methods: To analyze the association between exposure to BFRs and depression in the population, nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2005–2016) were used. In the final analysis, a total of 8138 adults aged 20 years and older were included. To investigate the potential relationship between BFRs and outcomes, we used binary logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), quantile-based g computation (QGC), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Results: The findings showed that serum BFR concentrations were associated with depressive symptoms over a broad spectrum. Binary logistic regression and RCS analysis showed that certain BFRs, particularly PBB153, were significantly and positively associated with the incidence of depression, even after adjustment for various confounders (p < 0.05). Mixed exposure to BFRs was also found to be associated with depression in the population, with a stronger association in men. The two most influential BFRs, PBB153 and PBDE85, were identified in both mixed exposure models and are potential risk factors of concern. Conclusion: Our study identified new insights into the relationship between BFRs and depression, but sizable population-based cohort studies and toxicology mechanism studies will be needed to establish causality.
Vilniaus vaito suolininkų teismas 1795–1814 m.
Authors: Pugačiauskas Virgilijus
Published: December 2024

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Vilniaus vaito suolininkų teismo veikla 1795–1814 m. Aptariamos vaito ir suolininkų profesinės biografijos, teismo darbo veiklos sąlygos, nulemtos ilgamečių tradicijų ir naujų kardinalių politinių pokyčių, taip pat teismo nagrinėjamų civilinių ir kriminalinių bylų turinys, teismų sprendimų praktikos. Atskleidžiama teisminės kultūros tradicijos kaita Vilniaus mieste po Abiejų Tautų Respublikos padalijimų. Tyrimas padeda geriau pažinti miestiečių luomo ūkines, finansines, kriminalines, visuomenines ir šeimyninio gyvenimo problemas bei jų santykius su kitų luomų ir sluoksnių miesto gyventojais.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO FORMING MATHEMATICL COMPETENCE IN SECONARY AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: MAKHOVA Ya.
Published: December 2024

The article substantiates the author's perspective on the importance of methodological approaches to the development of mathematical competence, based on an analysis of studies by Ukrainian and foreign researchers that examine methodological approaches to the organization of the educational process in general. Mathematical competence is characterized as one of the key skills necessary in the modern world, encompassing the ability to apply mathematical knowledge, understand concepts, and solve problems using Mathematics. Human competence is defined as structured sets of knowledge, skills, abilities, and relationships which enable individuals to identify and solve problems arising in a specific field of activity regardless of the context.
To analyze the process of forming mathematical competence in middle and high school students, which is based on collaborative educational and creative activities, the author identifies the following theoretical and methodological approaches: personality-oriented, activity-based, systemic, integrative, competency-based, neurocognitive, and neuromodeling. The study focuses on the detailed analysis of these approaches and highlights specific principles that elaborate on them: personality-oriented (principles: individualization of learning, development of independence and responsibility, support for personal growth, attention to individual needs), activity-based (principles: active student participation, practical orientation, problem-based learning, independent problem-solving), systemic (principles: integrity, structuring, multiplicity, systemic nature), integrative (principles: integration of mathematical disciplines, connection with other subjects, practical application, holistic learning), competency-based (principles: activity orientation, development of critical thinking, interactivity and collaboration, individualization of learning, competency-based assessment), neurocognitive (principles: scientific evidence, adaptive learning, gamified metacognition, analytical learning outcomes), neuromodeling (principles: individualization of learning, adaptability, use of modern technologies, stimulation of cognitive activity, development of critical thinking).
FORMATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE INNOVATION CAMPUS (ON THE BASE OF THE "SEPARATE STRUCTURAL SUBDIVISION "LOHVYTSKY MECHANICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE OF POLTAVA AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY")
Authors: PYVOVAR N. , KONONOVA O.
Published: December 2024

The study of potential project conditions of the separate structural subdivision ‘Lokhvytsia Mechanical and Technological College of Poltava Agrarian University’ for the formation of an innovative specialized campus in their new ecosystem, which is the beginning of the college's entry into a new era of development, technologicalization and digitalization of the educational process.
The authors investigated the theoretical foundations of the innovation campus ecosystem, in particular: scientific and theoretical concepts of its own and its components; the innovation campus ecosystem as the core of activity; the experience of advanced world ecosystems in the technologization of development, commercialization of innovation campuses; on the basis of the separate structural unit "Lokhvytskyi Mechanical and Technological Vocational College of Poltava Agrarian University" they investigated the formation of the ecosystem of an innovative specialized campus: design conditions, ways of forming the ecosystem, the role of the manager in the implementation of the project author's practical proposals on this.
The First Version of Dimitrie Cantemir’s “Moldavian Geography” in Romanian Language: “Tălmăcire Dintr-o Scriere Geografică Tipărită în Rosia la Anul 1770”
Authors:   “Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” Linguistic Institute of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Celac Victor , Chiriac Alexandra ,   Faculty of Letters, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to analyze the circulation of a small Moldavian geography text from Russia to Moldavia at the beginning of the 19th century, a text based on Dimitrie Cantemir’s Descriptio Moldaviae (probably available to the Russian academic public in 1770 in its German translation). Jakob von Stählin, a Russian counsellor of German origin from the Court of St. Petersburg, wrote a brief abstract of the geographical description of Moldavia (the first part of the Cantemirean writing) in 1770, an abstract later translated into Romanian and included in a miscellaneous manuscript (kept today in ms. 1667 RAL2 and ms. 348 RAL) containing different documents and correspondence regarding the Russo‑Turkish war of that time. The translation comparison of the German, Russian and Romanian geographical texts confirms the text circulation and highlights some of the translation practices in a time of intense political and cultural transfer from Western to Eastern Europe, with Russia playing a key role as a rising cultural, scientific and political power in Central Europe.
The History of a Few Maps from the National Museum of Agriculture (Slobozia, Romania)
Authors:   The National Museum of Agriculture, Slobozia;
“1 Decembrie 1918” University Alba Iulia,
Faculty of History, Letters and Education Sciencies, Panait Andreea
Published: December 2024

The current paper aims at presenting the latest information on the history and circulation of seven maps signed by Ioannes Sambucus Pannonius, Willem Janszoon Blaeu and Jan Jansson et al, enlisted in 2021 in the heritage collection of The National Museum of Agriculture, Romania. The set contains: two physical and administrative maps of Transylvania, with territorial division by area, occupation and ethnic origin, which were published in different editions in the 16th and 17th centuries (a small part of Wallachia is also represented on the bottom right); three maps, representing Transylvania, published by Blaeu at Amsterdam in 1638 and two maps representing the Danube, from 1688. The maps are signed by world-famous cartographers. Their respective authors are among the first to circulate maps of Transylvania and the Danube and feature territories belonging to present-day Romania.The maps were printed on handmade paper and painted in watercolours and have a history that extends beyondtheir date of publication. Although little information is available for more than four centuries afterwards, the particularities surrounding their circulations convert them into unique heritage objects. The items resurfaced around 1964, in Aureliu Popescu’s possession, a commercial attaché of Romania in Paris until 1931 when he was married to Lelia Popescu Urdărianu. The owner made a sales offer to the Ploiești Museum, which also included other cartographic works.The selling of what is believed to be “soul items” is in fact an offer for subsistence, an action that, in the communist system of the time, may be deemed as an act of survival.Tracking the ownership of the forementioned maps, as well as testing methods used to certify their authenticity, will be indicated hereinafter.
Restitutions historiques relatives à un exemplaire des liturgies (Râmnic, 1767), du monastère de Râmeţi (comté d’Alba)
Authors:   The National Union Museum, Alba Iulia, Mircea Gabriela , Dreghiciu Doina ,   The National Union Museum, Alba Iulia
Published: December 2024

The study primarily refers to a copy of an old Romanian print (Liturghii, Râmnic, 1767), fully preserved in original covers, in the patrimonial collection of the Râmeți Monastery. Our main objective was to transcribe and edit the manuscript notes from its contents and to relate the meanings of these texts to the precarious historical data known up to the present time about the past of the parish and the “un-united” Church at Cheia Râmeților, from the heritage of which the volume originates. Thus, our secondary goal was to integrate the volume into the local religious life of the past, which was not entirely marginal and unimportant even in this apparently insignificant and lost village in the peripheral area of the Trascău Mountains (currently completely depopulated, unfortunately), belonging to the Romanian socio-economic and cultural-spiritual space of great antiquity and conti-nuity of the Râmeți. At the same time, reviving aspects of the cultural life of the believers from Cheia and their spiritual shepherds, we reconstruct the existing liturgical book of the wooden Church, with the Shrine of the Saints Archangels, from Cheia, from 22 May 1855, based on documentary-bibliographic sources. We also note the fact that in 1829 the population of the village was 40 families, with 172 souls.
From Matthias Gerung to Nikodem Zubrzycki: Apocalypse Illustrations in Chernihiv New Testament (1717) and Further Cross-Border Lutheran Imagery Use
Authors:   National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture (Kyiv, Ukraine), Derevska Olena
Published: December 2024

Reformation Lutheran imagery that circulated in Ukrainian art in the 17th-18th centuries, was copied and transformed here. Orthodox artists did not only use the compositions, elements and symbols of the Reformation prototypes, but also transferred their dogmatics. Nikodem Zubrzycki and his associates introduced satirical allegorical ideas of Reformation Commentary to the Apocalypse expressed through the imagery of Matthias Gerung in their woodcuts for Chernihiv New Testament (1717). T hese visual ideas crossed the borders, Lutheran imagery being used and transformed by the Orthodox artists.
Bactérias biomarcadoras na microbiota vaginal associadas ao prognóstico de câncer de colo de útero relacionado à infecção por HPV de alto risco
Authors:   , Pereira Michelle da Silva
Published: December 2024

-
O Clube dos Jornalistas Espíritas de São Paulo: esfera pública, imprensa e espiritismo (1948 - 1970)
Authors:   , Fonseca Graryelle de Carvalho
Published: December 2024

studos sobre a doutrina espírita, codificada por Allan Kardec em 1857, têm abordado a atuação da religião na política, intelectualidade, obras publicadas, esfera pública, e a estrutura dos centros espíritas no campo brasileiro. A presente tese investigou a conexão entre imprensa, religião e esfera pública, com ênfase no espiritismo. Enquanto objeto de pesquisa foi o Clube dos Jornalistas Espíritas de São Paulo (1948-1970), liderado por José Herculano Pires (1914- 1979). Nesta tese de doutorado, parte-se de métodos qualitativos (análise do discurso, pesquisa documental e bibliográfica) a fim de compreender o percurso de construção de legitimidade no campo religioso e social. Desta maneira, a questão central busca compreender como debates da esfera pública interferiram no processo de manutenção da doutrina e nas relações com a sociedade civil. Conclui-se que a profissão de jornalista foi um facilitador para a demarcação de espaço no âmbito da doutrina e construção de legitimidade. O contexto democrático e de abertura sindical da época possibilitou um posicionamento crítico e defensivo em relação à doutrina. Além disso, a cidade de São Paulo demonstrou-se como uma expansão doutrinária competitiva em relação ao espiritismo no Rio de Janeiro. Portanto, a tese central desse trabalho é: o Clube dos Jornalistas Espíritas de São Paulo foi fundado por José Herculano Pires, devido à sua atuação político-social e como profissional da imprensa comercial. Este ator considerava a imprensa como fonte de legitimação discursiva, diante de um contexto de perseguição sanitarista oriundo da criminalização das práticas espirituais desde o Código Penal de 1890 (influenciado por membros da imprensa, judiciário, medicina e religião) e sua respectiva atualização (Decreto 5.156/1904). Com posicionamento imponente tanto no interior do espiritismo quanto na sociedade civil, o Clube atuou em disputas, críticas e construção de pautas tanto sociais (comunismo, educação e participação partidária) quanto religiosas (tal como, umbanda e catolicismo). Devido ao momento de profissionalização do jornalismo, havia uma distinção de entre jornalistas espíritas amadores (imprensa espírita) e jornalistas espíritas profissionais (imprensa comercial / leiga). Neste sentido, havia clareza e consciência a respeito da importância da produção da mensagem e da informação tanto na consolidação de formas de pensamento e quanto na recepção da mensagem. Com o declínio do Clube, após o uso da sede por um membro para ocultar joias, Herculano continuou atuando em prol do espiritismo (e da imprensa espírita) até a sua morte, em 1979.