bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in egg hatching time between cyclical and obligate parthenogenetic lineages of aphids
Authors: Dedryver Charles‐Antoine , Bonhomme Joël , Le Gallic Jean‐François , Simon Jean‐Christophe
Published: June 2017

Many aphid species exhibit a variation in reproductive mode which is influenced by winter climate regimes, with cyclical parthenogenetic (CP) lines dominating in cold winter areas (because they produce cold‐resistant eggs) and obligate parthenogenetic (OP) ones in mild winter regions (because of their parthenogenetic overwintering). Genetic studies on several aphid species have shown that the OP trait can be transmitted during sexual events involving the 2 types of lines. This genetic system could be considered as a local safeguarding mechanism for OP alleles in case severe frost would have killed all parthenogenetically overwintering individuals. However, this strategy would only be efficient in restoring local polymorphism in breeding systems if the newly hatched OP recombinants remain competitive over their CP counterparts. In this study we compared egg hatching sequences of CP and OP F1 clones from several crosses obtained for 2 cereal aphid species, Sitobion avenae (constant 5 °C, 8 h of light) and Rhopalosiphum padi (winter outdoor conditions). For S. avenae, we obtained F1 offspring from 6 crosses, involving 4 clones while in R. padi F1 were obtained from 11 crosses involving 14 clones. We showed that in both species proportions of OP clones were higher in the first half of the progeny relative to the second half. In addition, F1 OP clones hatched in the mean about a week earlier than their CP sibs, which gives them a demographic advantage at the start of the growth season. We then discussed the consequences of this fitness advantage for the maintenance and spread of the OP trait in aphid populations.
Evaluation of three techniques for detection of IL28B SNP: A prognostic tool for HCV treatment outcome
Authors: Khubaib Bushra , Idrees Muhammad , Fatima Zareen , Akram Madiha , Afzal Samia , Amin Iram , Shahid Muhammad , Wasim Muhammad
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

The study was aimed to evaluate the specificity, cost and turnaround time of three different techniques that can be used for analyzing the single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs129796860.

METHODS

DNA from peripheral blood samples of 111 patients with chronic hepatitis C were genotyped using three types of genotyping methods: direct sequencing, SNaPshot polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP).

RESULTS

Three distinct profiles for IL28B rs12979860 alleles (CC, CT and TT) were obtained with direct sequencing, SNaPshot PCR and PCR‐RFLP and the results were consistent among all three methods.

CONCLUSION

For routine medical practice, screening IL28B rs12979860 can be performed by PCR‐RFLP, which is efficient and reliable as well as cost‐effective.
Performances of Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) appear to be better than the gold standard Disease Assessment Score (DAS‐28‐CRP) to assess rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Dhaon Pooja , Das Siddharth K. , Srivastava Ragini , Dhakad Urmila
Published: June 2017

Background/Purpose

To compare the performance of Disease Assessment Score of 28 joints – C‐reactive protein (DAS‐28‐CRP), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) composite measures to assess status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on methotrexate, versus DAS‐28 CRP as the gold standard.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐five patients with RA as per the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria were included in the prospective study. The disease activity was assessed at baseline and at every 6 weeks for 24 weeks, by DAS‐28‐CRP, CDAI and SDAI. Patients were divided into groups of remission, low, moderate and high activity on the basis of predefined cut‐offs for DAS‐28‐CRP, CDAI and SDAI. A Spearman correlation between composite measures and inter‐group comparison of the measures was performed.

Results

There was an excellent positive correlation between DAS‐28‐CRP and CDAI (linear weighted κ baseline – 0.545), DAS‐28 CRP and SDAI (linear weighted κ – 0.689) at baseline. There was moderate agreement between DAS‐28‐CRP and CDAI (linear weighted κ final visit – 0.458) at final visit. There was moderate correlation between SDAI and DAS‐28‐CRP at final visit (linear weighted κ – 0.470). However, correlation between CDAI versus SDAI remained excellent at baseline and final visit. Patients in remission as per DAS‐28‐CRP had significantly more residual disease activity compared to SDAI and CDAI remission criteria.

Conclusion

The study shows an excellent strong positive correlation between DAS‐28‐CRP, CDAI and SDAI at initial evaluation but not at final visit. SDAI‐ and CDAI‐based remission criteria seem to be better than DAS‐28‐CRP‐based remission criteria.
Use of intravenous iron polymaltose in the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qassim Alaa , Gergis Rosina G. , Jeffries Bill , Grivell Rosalie M. , Grzeskowiak Luke E.
Published: June 2017

Background

Intravenous iron polymaltose (IPM) is commonly utilised in pregnancy when oral treatment is not tolerated or where rapid replenishment of iron stores is required, but data on use in pregnancy is scarce.

Aim

To examine the use, safety and efficacy of intravenous IPM in pregnancy.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women administered intravenous IPM between January 2014 and January 2016 at a Tertiary teaching hospital in Adelaide, Australia. Data on maternal characteristics, intravenous iron infusion details, and haematological parameters were collected from case notes and electronic records. Main outcome measures included indication for intravenous iron infusion, prevalence of infusion reactions, change in haemoglobin and correction of anaemia prior to delivery.

Results

Intravenous IPM was administered in 213 pregnancies, 62.0% of women with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and the remainder (38.0%) with non‐anaemic iron deficiency. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred in 24% of women, of which 32% required infusion cessation. Anaemia was still present at delivery among 7%, and 17% of women with mild, and moderate/severe anaemia respectively. Approximately one in five anaemic women received an intravenous IPM dose below that recommended by the local guideline, particularly in women with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared with <25 kg/m2 (30.9% vs 6.3%; P < 0.001). Doses ‘at recommended’ resulted in a greater increase in haemoglobin from treatment until delivery than doses ‘below recommended’ (adjusted beta coefficient 8.4 g/L; 95% CI 2.7–14.1 g/L).

Conclusion

Intravenous IPM is effective in treating IDA in pregnancy but is associated with a high prevalence of ADRs and treatment cessation.
Out‐of‐office hours’ elective surgical intensive care admissions and their associated complications
Authors: Morgan David J. R. , Ho Kwok Ming , Ong Yang Jian , Kolybaba Marlene L.
Published: June 2017

Background

The ‘weekend’ effect is a controversial theory that links reduced staffing levels, staffing seniority and supportive services at hospitals during ‘out‐of‐office hours’ time periods with worsening patient outcomes. It is uncertain whether admitting elective surgery patients to intensive care units (ICU) during ‘out‐of‐office hours’ time periods mitigates this affect through higher staffing ratios and seniority.

Methods

Over a 3‐year period in Western Australia's largest private hospital, this retrospective nested‐cohort study compared all elective surgical patients admitted to the ICU based on whether their admission occurred ‘in‐office hours’ (Monday–Friday 08.00–18.00 hours) or ‘out‐of‐office hours’ (all other times). The main outcomes were surgical complications using the Dindo‐Clavien classification and length‐of‐stay data.

Results

Of the total 4363 ICU admissions, 3584 ICU admissions were planned following elective surgery resulting in 2515 (70.2%) in‐office hours and 1069 (29.8%) out‐of‐office hours elective ICU surgical admissions. Out‐of‐office hours ICU admissions following elective surgery were associated with an increased risk of infection (P = 0.029), blood transfusion (P = 0.020), total parental nutrition (P < 0.001) and unplanned re‐operations (P = 0.027). Out‐of‐office hours ICU admissions were also associated with an increased hospital length‐of‐stay, with (1.74 days longer, P < 0.0001) and without (2.8 days longer, P < 0.001) adjusting for severity of acute and chronic illnesses and inter‐hospital transfers (12.3 versus 9.8%, P = 0.024). Hospital mortality (1.2 versus 0.7%, P = 0.111) was low and similar between both groups.

Conclusion

Out‐of‐office hours ICU admissions following elective surgery is common and associated with serious post‐operative complications culminating in significantly longer hospital length‐of‐stays and greater transfers with important patient and health economic implications.
Political Ecologies of Global Health: Pesticide Exposure in Southwestern Ecuador's Banana Industry
Authors: Brisbois Ben Wesley , Harris Leila , Spiegel Jerry M.
Published: June 2017

Pesticide exposure in Ecuador's banana industry reflects political economic and ecological processes that interact across scales to affect human health. We use this case study to illustrate opportunities for applying political ecology of health scholarship in the burgeoning field of global health. Drawing on an historical literature review and ethnographic data collected in Ecuador's El Oro province, we present three main areas where a political ecological approach can enrich global health scholarship: perceptive characterization of multi‐scalar and ecologically entangled pathways to health outcomes; critical analysis of discursive dynamics such as competing scalar narratives; and appreciation of the environment‐linked subjectivities and emotions of people experiencing globalized health impacts. Rapprochement between these fields may also provide political ecologists with access to valuable empirical data on health outcomes, venues for engaged scholarship, and opportunities to synthesize numerous insightful case studies and discern broader patterns.
Tracing the Distribution of Late 16th and Early 17th Century European Copper Artefacts in Southern Québec and Ontario, Canada
Authors: Pavlish L. A. , Michelaki K. , Moreau J.‐F. , Farquhar R. M. , Fox W. , Anselmi L. M. , Garrad C. , Walker C. , Warrick G. , Knight D. , Aufreiter S. , Hancock R. G. V.
Published: June 2017

To understand the nature of trade/exchange of ‘Basque’ copper kettles and their fragments among Indigenous communities from Québec to Ontario, Canada, we examined 948 copper samples from 75 archaeological sites. We found that 936 samples were sortable into 11 coarse chemical groups: seven biased towards Ontario, three favouring Québec and only one balanced between the two provinces. This pattern may represent kettles and pieces ‘mostly traded’ or ‘mostly kept’ by Indigenous groups within Québec. Chemical group distribution within individual provinces is complex. A tentative chronology of copper chemical groups provides additional insight into the complex trading/exchange patterns among the Indigenous groups of southern Ontario.
Successful management of unresectable small bowel lymphoma with laparoscopy‐assisted surgical exclusion of the affected intestine
Authors: Kagawa Tetsuya , Kobayashi Tatsunori , Ueyama Satoshi , Okabayashi Hiroki , Ogino Tetsuya , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: June 2017

The incidence of small bowel lymphoma (SBL) is increasing worldwide. In contrast to resectable SBL, the treatment of unresectable SBL is still contentious. Here, we report a case of unresectable SBL that was treated by laparoscopic exclusion of the affected intestine before systemic chemotherapy was administered. An 84‐year‐old man was diagnosed with primary SBL involving extranodal dissemination. The patient received prophylactic surgery, namely exclusion of the affected intestine. This therapy diminishes well‐known and life‐threatening complications, such as perforation, bleeding, and obstruction, which may still occur after chemotherapy, and it makes the administration of chemotherapy safer. In addition, the surgery provides easy access for direct endoscopic observation and biopsy, which are otherwise difficult to perform. Follow‐up after two courses of chemotherapy showed that the patient had achieved complete remission. In conclusion, the procedure described here may be an effective strategy for unresectable SBL.
Chemogenetic Modulation of G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Signalling in Visual Attention Research
Authors: Jørgensen Søren H. , Fitzpatrick Ciarán Martin , Gether Ulrik , Woldbye David P.D. , Sørensen Andreas T.
Published: June 2017

Attention is a fundamental cognitive process involved in nearly all aspects of life. Abnormal attentional control is a symptom of many neurological disorders, most notably recognized in ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Although attentional performance and its malfunction has been a major area of investigation, it has proven difficult to accurately associate specific neuronal projections, cell types, neurotransmitter systems and receptors with distinct phenotypes owing to its complexity. In this MiniReview, we present a recently invented technology known as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). The DREADD technology is an emerging and transformative method that allows selective manipulation of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling, and its broad‐ranging usefulness in attention research is now beginning to emerge. We first describe the different DREADDs available and explain how unprecedented specificity of neuronal signalling can be achieved using DREADDs. We next discuss various studies performed in animal models of visual attention, where different brain regions and neuronal populations have been probed by DREADDs. We highlight the interplay between the dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) catecholamine systems in visual attention and explain why DREADD technology can untangle and help us better understand such complex systems in normal and malfunctioning conditions.
Achievement goal profiles and developments in effort and achievement in upper elementary school
Authors: Hornstra Lisette , Majoor Marieke , Peetsma Thea
Published: June 2017

Background

The multiple goal perspective posits that certain combinations of achievement goals are more favourable than others in terms of educational outcomes.

Aims

This study aimed to examine longitudinally whether students’ achievement goal profiles and transitions between profiles are associated with developments in self‐reported and teacher‐rated effort and academic achievement in upper elementary school.

Sample

Participants were 722 fifth‐grade students and their teachers in fifth and sixth grade (N = 68).

Methods

Students reported on their achievement goals and effort in language and mathematics three times in grade 5 to grade 6. Teachers rated students’ general school effort. Achievement scores were obtained from school records. Goal profiles were derived with latent profile and transition analyses. Longitudinal multilevel analyses were conducted.

Results

Theoretically favourable goal profiles (high mastery and performance‐approach goals, low on performance‐avoidance goals), as well as transitions from less to more theoretically favourable goal profiles, were associated with higher levels and more growth in effort for language and mathematics and with stronger language achievement gains.

Conclusions

Overall, these results provide support for the multiple goal perspective and show the sustained benefits of favourable goal profiles beyond effects of cognitive ability and background characteristics.
Inhibition of human N‐ and T‐type calcium channels by an ortho‐phenoxyanilide derivative, MONIRO‐1
Authors: McArthur Jeffrey R , Motin Leonid , Gleeson Ellen C , Spiller Sandro , Lewis Richard J , Duggan Peter J , Tuck Kellie L , Adams David J
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose

Voltage‐gated calcium channels are involved in nociception in the CNS and in the periphery. N‐type (Cav2.2) and T‐type (Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3) voltage‐gated calcium channels are particularly important in studying and treating pain and epilepsy.

Experimental Approach

In this study, whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to assess the potency and mechanism of action of a novel ortho‐phenoxylanilide derivative, MONIRO‐1, against a panel of voltage‐gated calcium channels including Cav1.2, Cav1.3, Cav2.1, Cav2.2, Cav2.3, Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3.

Key Results

MONIRO‐1 was 5‐ to 20‐fold more potent at inhibiting human T‐type calcium channels, hCav3.1, hCav3.2 and hCav3.3 (IC50: 3.3 ± 0.3, 1.7 ± 0.1 and 7.2 ± 0.3 μM, respectively) than N‐type calcium channel, hCav2.2 (IC50: 34.0 ± 3.6 μM). It interacted with L‐type calcium channels Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 with significantly lower potency (IC50 > 100 μM) and did not inhibit hCav2.1 or hCav2.3 channels at concentrations as high as 100 μM. State‐ and use‐dependent inhibition of hCav2.2 channels was observed, whereas stronger inhibition occurred at high stimulation frequencies for hCav3.1 channels suggesting a different mode of action between these two channels.

Conclusions and Implications

Selectivity, potency, reversibility and multi‐modal effects distinguish MONIRO‐1 from other low MW inhibitors acting on Cav channels involved in pain and/or epilepsy pathways. High‐frequency firing increased the affinity for MONIRO‐1 for both hCav2.2 and hCav3.1 channels. Such Cav channel modulators have potential clinical use in the treatment of epilepsies, neuropathic pain and other nociceptive pathophysiologies.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Easy Generation of Facial Animation Using Motion Graphs
Authors: Serra J. , Cetinaslan O. , Ravikumar S. , Orvalho V. , Cosker D.
Published: June 2017

Facial animation is a time‐consuming and cumbersome task that requires years of experience and/or a complex and expensive set‐up. This becomes an issue, especially when animating the multitude of secondary characters required, e.g. in films or video‐games. We address this problem with a novel technique that relies on motion graphs to represent a landmarked database. Separate graphs are created for different facial regions, allowing a reduced memory footprint compared to the original data. The common poses are identified using a Euclidean‐based similarity metric and merged into the same node. This process traditionally requires a manually chosen threshold, however, we simplify it by optimizing for the desired graph compression. Motion synthesis occurs by traversing the graph using Dijkstra's algorithm, and coherent noise is introduced by swapping some path nodes with their neighbours. Expression labels, extracted from the database, provide the control mechanism for animation. We present a way of creating facial animation with reduced input that automatically controls timing and pose detail. Our technique easily fits within video‐game and crowd animation contexts, allowing the characters to be more expressive with less effort. Furthermore, it provides a starting point for content creators aiming to bring more life into their characters.
Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical assessment of RUNX2 and VEGF of Biogran™ and autogenous bone graft in human maxillary sinus bone augmentation: A prospective and randomized study
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo dos Santos , Menezes Juliana Dreyer , Bonardi João Paulo , Griza Geraldo Luiz , Okamoto Roberta , Hochuli‐Vieira Eduardo
Published: June 2017

Background

Few studies have been conducted to assess new bone formation using Biogran, a bioactive glass, in maxillary sinus bone augmentation through a prospective and randomized evaluation. Moreover, there are no studies that evaluate cellular behavior by immunohistochemical assessment for osteoblastic and vascular activity during bone repair.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to compare new bone formation and cellular behavior with Biogran alone, a 1:1 combination of Biogran and autogenous bone graft, and autogenous bone graft alone in human maxillary sinuses.

Materials and methods

Ten maxillary sinuses were grafted with Biogran (Group 1), 10 grafted with Biogran added to autogenous bone graft in a 1:1 ratio (Group 2), and 10 grafted with autogenous bone graft alone (Group 3). After 6 months of bone healing, samples were obtained concurrent to the dental implants' placement to be evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical assessment for RUNX2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results

The amount of new bone formation in Group 1 was 42.0 ± 7.3% in the pristine bone region, 40.7 ± 14.0% in the intermediate region, and 45.6 ± 13.5% in apical region. In Group 2, for pristine bone, intermediate, and apical regions, new bone formation was 36.6 ± 12.9%, 33.2 ± 13.3%, and 45.8 ± 13.9%, respectively. Group 3 showed new bone formation of 37.3 ± 11.6%, 35.3 ± 14.7%, and 39.9 ± 15.8% in pristine bone, intermediate, and apical regions, respectively. The immunolabeling for RUNX2 showed low cellular activity in osteoblasts for all groups, and the VEGF assessment demonstrated moderate cellular activity in Groups 1 and 2; however, Group 3 presented with low activity in the pristine bone region, followed by moderate activity in the intermediate and apical region.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that Biogran and its combination with autogenous bone graft 1:1 are good bone substitutes due to their similarity to autogenous bone graft.
Economic Activity and Credit Market Linkages: New Evidence From Italy
Authors: Chiorazzo Vincenzo , D'Apice Vincenzo , Morelli Pierluigi , Puopolo Giovanni Walter
Published: June 2017

We investigate the interactions between the real economy and credit markets in Italy, focusing in particular on how the business cycle influences the risks of the banks’ loan portfolio (i.e. the real effect), and in turn how the credit market affects the real economy (i.e. the credit supply effect). We find evidence of both effects, with the former conveyed primarily by the creditworthiness of large firms. Moreover, we disentangle credit supply shocks due to factors inside the banking sector (the bank lending channel) from those outside the banking sector (the borrower's balance‐sheet channel), and find that both channels have a negative and significant effect on gdp growth.
Estimating the per‐capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: a modelling approach
Authors: Wiederholt Ruscena , Mattsson Brady J. , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Runge Michael C. , Diffendorfer Jay E. , Erickson Richard A. , Federico Paula , López‐Hoffman Laura , Fryxell John M. , Norris D. Ryan , Sample Christine
Published: June 2017

Every year, migratory species undertake seasonal movements along different pathways between discrete regions and habitats. The ability to assess the relative demographic contributions of these different habitats and pathways to the species’ overall population dynamics is critical for understanding the ecology of migratory species, and also has practical applications for management and conservation. Metrics for assessing habitat contributions have been well‐developed for metapopulations, but an equivalent metric is not currently available for migratory populations. Here, we develop a framework for estimating the demographic contributions of the discrete habitats and pathways used by migratory species throughout the annual cycle by estimating the per capita contribution of cohorts using these locations. Our framework accounts for seasonal movements between multiple breeding and non‐breeding habitats and for both resident and migratory cohorts. We illustrate our framework using a hypothetical migratory network of four habitats, which allows us to better understand how variations in habitat quality affect per capita contributions. Results indicate that per capita contributions for any habitat or pathway are dependent on habitat‐specific survival probabilities in all other areas used as part of the migratory circuit, and that contribution metrics are spatially linked (e.g. reduced survival in one habitat also decreases the contribution metric for other habitats). Our framework expands existing theory on the dynamics of spatiotemporally structured populations by developing a generalized approach to estimate the habitat‐ and pathway‐specific contributions of species migrating between multiple breeding and multiple non‐breeding habitats for a range of life histories or migratory strategies. Most importantly, it provides a means of prioritizing conservation efforts towards those migratory pathways and habitats that are most critical for the population viability of migratory species.
Dispersal to predator‐free space counterweighs fecundity costs in alate aphid morphs
Authors: RÍOS MARTÍNEZ ALDO F. , COSTAMAGNA ALEJANDRO C.
Published: June 2017

1. Specialisation in dispersal by alate aphids often imposes constraints on other functions, particularly a reduction in fecundity due to wing development. Short‐distance flight from patches of high population density to uninfested plants may provide temporary predator‐free space, compensating for low fecundity. However, this theoretical prediction has not been explored experimentally.

2. To test this hypothesis, a field cage experiment was conducted in whichAphis glycinespopulations initiated with controlled proportions of apterous and alate individuals were exposed to predation, while predator‐free space was accessible only through flight. It was predicted that an investment in alate individuals would benefit a population under predation, regardless of associated costs to fecundity.

3. As expected, a strong trade‐off was observed between fecundity and wing development. However, populations initiated with a fixed proportion of alate and apterous individuals showed no reductions in final population size compared with populations initiated with apterous individuals exclusively. Moreover, the initial presence of alate individuals in the populations increased aphid prevalence (i.e. proportion of plants colonised). Similarly, both increased population size and prevalence were observed when predator‐free space was accessible through flight, as opposed to when it was inaccessible.

4. These results show that despite high costs to fecundity, an investment in alate individuals is neither beneficial nor detrimental to population size when predator‐free space is accessible, but increases aphid prevalence. It is concluded that prevalence might provide an ecological advantage important enough to warrant the production of alate morphs under intense predation.
Book Reviews
Authors: McElhiney Paul T.
Published: June 2017

DOMESTIC TRANSPORTATION: PRACTICE, THEORY AND POLICY BY ROY J. SAMPSON AND MARTIN T. FARRIS (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966. 464 pages. $7.95)
Book Reviews
Authors: Bernthal Wilmar F.
Published: June 2017

BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT BY KEITH DAVIS AND ROBERT L. BLOMSTROM (New York, New York; McGraw‐Hill Book Company, 1966. 403 pages. $8.95)
Book Reviews
Authors: Hahn James D.
Published: June 2017

SYSTEMS CONTRACTING: A NEW PURCHASING TECHNIQUE By RALPH A. BOLTON (New York: American Management Association, 1966. 126 pages. $4.50 members, $6.75 non‐members)
Book Reviews
Authors: Farris Martin T.
Published: June 2017

REGULATION OF TRANSPORT INNOVATION, PAUL MACAVOY and JAMES SLOSS, (New York: Random House, 1967. 144 pages. $2.50)
Book Reviews
Authors: Masterson Thomas R.
Published: June 2017

QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR MANAGERS By PHILLIP G. CARLSON (New York: Harper and Row, 1967. 181 pages. $8.00 clothbound, $4.75 paperback)
Book Reviews
Authors: Cox Kenneth
Published: June 2017

FUNDAMENTALS OF PURCHASING By WALTER E. WILLETS (New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 1969. 189 pages. $2.75 paperback)
Book Reviews
Authors: Zuckerman John V.
Published: June 2017

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT: THE ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATION OF TECHNOLOGY, By DANIEL D. ROMAN, (New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 1968. 450 pages. $10)
Book Reviews
Authors: Hahn James D.
Published: June 2017

PURCHASING MANAGEMENT: MATERIALS IN MOTION By J. H. Westing, I. V. Fine & Gary Joseph Zenz (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Third edition, 1969. 538 pages. $10.95)
Book Reviews
Authors: Fearon Harold E.
Published: June 2017

STATE PURCHASING: THE ESSENTIALS OF A MODERN SERVICE FOR MODERN GOVERNMENT By GEORGE W. JENNINGS (Lexington, Kentucky: The Council of State Governments, 1969. 118 pages. $5.00)
Book Reviews
Authors: Leenders Michiel R.
Published: June 2017

MODERN PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT: PRINCIPLES AND CASES Wilbur B. England (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Fifth edition, 1970. 904 pages. $12.50)
Book Reviews
Authors: Fearon Harold
Published: June 2017

THE BEHAVIOR OF INDUSTRIAL PRICES GEORGE J. STIGLER JAMES K. KINDAHL (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1970. Distributed by Columbia University Press. 202 pages. $7.50)
Book Reviews
Authors: Fearon Harold
Published: June 2017

MATERIALS MANAGEMENT By WILLIAM R. STELZER, JR. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1970. 223 pages. $19.95)
Book Reviews
Authors: Diamantis Lloyd
Published: June 2017

LIFT TRUCKS: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR BUYERS AND USERS, by DANIEL BOWMAN, (Boston, Mass.: Cahners Books, Inc., 1972. 235 pages. $12.50)
Book Reviews
Authors: Harper Donald V.
Published: June 2017

MODERN TRANSPORTATION: SELECTED READINGS, Edited by MARTIN T. FARRIS and PAUL T. McELHINEY, (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1973. 466 pages. Paperbound, $6.50)
Book Reviews
Authors: Fearon Harold
Published: June 2017

TRY US. 1973, (National Minority Business Directory) (Minneapolis, Minnesota: National Minority Business Campaign, 1602 Plymouth Avenue North, 1973. 144 pages. $7.50)
Book Reviews
Authors: Cox Kenneth
Published: June 2017

MATERIALS MANAGEMENT, By DEAN S. AMMER, (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Third Edition, 1974. 736 pages. $13.95)
Book Reviews
Authors: Dobler D. W.
Published: June 2017

PURCHASING AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENT FOR HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS. Dean S. Ammer. Lexington Books; D. C. Heath and Company. $15.00
Book Reviews
Authors: Bussard W. A.
Published: June 2017

HANDBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL PURCHASING. Paul H. Combs. Cahners Publishing Co., Inc.
Book Reviews
Authors: Unklesbay Nan
Published: June 2017

FOOD SERVICE PURCHASING: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES. H. J. Kelly. Chain Store Publishing Corp. 1976. $14.95
Book Review
Authors: Timbers Michael J.
Published: June 2017

PUBLIC PURCHASING AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENT, Harry Robert Page, Lexington Books, subsidiary of D. C. Heath & Company, Lexington, MA.
Book Review
Authors: Giunipero Larry C.
Published: June 2017

PRICING PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES, Andre Gabor, Heineman Educational Books Inc., Exeter, NH.
Book Review
Authors: Gay Kenneth B.
Published: June 2017

INSIGHTS IN PROCUREMENT AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENT, David Farmer, MCB Publications, Ltd., Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, 1981.
Book Review
Authors: Lee T. S.
Published: June 2017

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION HANDBOOK: GUIDE TO INSTALLATION OF PRODUCTION AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, Henry H. Jordan, Center for Inventory Management, Stone Mountain, Georgia, 86 pages.
Book Review
Authors: Page Harry Robert
Published: June 2017

PROACTIVE PROCUREMENT: THE KEY TO INCREASED PROFITS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND QUALITY, David N. Burt, Prentice‐Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1984.
Book Review
Authors: Norquist Warren E.
Published: June 2017

BUYING QUALITY, by Russ Johnson and Richard Weber, Franklin Watts, New York, 1985.
Education and Training for Successful EDI Implementation
Authors: Carter Joseph R. , Monczka Robert M. , Clauson Keith S. , Zelinski Thomas P.
Published: June 2017

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the direct electronic transmission of standard business forms between a buying firm and its suppliers. EDI is quickly gaining acceptance in the purchasing environment and has evolved into the preferred method of business communication between buying and supplying firms. As the trend toward EDI use continues, firms will expend substantial amounts of time and money in educating personnel about EDI and in training them to use the new systems. This article presents the partial results of an N.A.P.M.–funded research project that focused on EDI education and training, and involved a number of firms considered to be on the leading edge of EDI experience.
Electronic Data Interchange: Does It Change the Purchasing Process?
Authors: Emmelhainz Margaret A.
Published: June 2017

Applications of electronic data interchange (EDI) are found today with increasing frequency in the purchasing community. As its use increases, EDI exerts a noticeable influence on purchasing activities. The use of EDI appears to improve vendor relationships and to increase purchasing productivity without changing the basic nature of the purchasing process. A widespread foundation for the implementation of EDI now exists in a number of industries; hence, the use of EDI is expected to grow significantly. Both purchasing and supplier management should be prepared to become familiar with EDI concepts and to explore potential applications of EDI in their own organizations.
A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Capital Equipment Purchases
Authors: Perry James H.
Published: June 2017

Major capital equipment acquisitions present a series of unique challenges to a buyer. Factors that typically complicate the decision include technical operating differences in equipment, difficulties in defining specific operating requirements, and evaluation of the various cost factors that compose the life‐cycle cost for each equipment alternative.

In this article, a conceptual model is developed to facilitate the evaluation of capital equipment alternatives in a consistent and structured fashion. The analysis involves both qualitative and quantitative data, including technical, logistical, and operating factors, as well as life‐cycle cost data. The article also presents a series of audit steps, or checkpoints, useful to a buyer in analyzing the underlying data—and it introduces an approach for dealing with the uncertainty in cost and benefit stream calculations which characterizes many major capital equipment acquisitions.
An Alternative Criterion for the Quantity Discount Decision
Authors: Markowski Carol A. , Markowski Edward P.
Published: June 2017

The usual approach to purchase quantity determination is to consider the purchase cost, the order cost, and the holding cost equally in making the decision about accepting a quantity discount. Although there are various methods for approximating order costs, there is uncertainty regarding the correct approach for measurement. This article emphasizes the purchasing and holding cost components of the decision. In the process, its proposes a classification scheme that can be used for any potential discounts, placing them into one of four categories which are progressively more attractive to the purchaser.
Purchasing: A Competitive Weapon
Authors: Reck Robert F. , Long Brian G.
Published: June 2017

In a modern, well‐managed firm, the purchasing function can and should contribute to the firm's competitive goals. This article discusses how purchasing can evolve into the role of a strategic contributor through four progressive stages.

Through a series of in‐depth interviews, the authors discovered that merely doing a good job of purchasing does not make the purchasing function a strategic contributor. However, those purchasing departments that have evolved to become strategic contributors to the firm's competitive goals have found the professional and financial rewards to be substantial.
Implementing Electronic Data Interchange
Authors: Monczka Robert M. , Carter Joseph R.
Published: June 2017

Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the direct electronic transmission, computer to computer, of standard business forms between two organizations. In the purchasing environment, documents are transmitted “over the wire,” eliminating the need to generate hard copies and to distribute them manually. By utilizing EDI in purchasing, a buyer and a supplier are operating in a near ‘real‐time’ environment, which can reduce incoming material delays by shortening procurement lead times.

This article is the second of two reports that present the results of a nuQor research project, funded by the Computer Information Systems and Technology Group of the National Assodation of Purchasing Management and Michigan State University, that focused on the implementation of electronic data interchange in a purchasing environment. The article presents a framework that can help managers find patterns and trends in the EDI system design and instaUation process in order to develop a useful model for EDI implementation in their firms.
The Buyer‐Seller Linkage in a Just‐in‐Time Environment
Authors: O'Neal Charles R.
Published: June 2017

An increasing number of manufacturing firms are developing and implementing just‐in‐time (JIT) systems. A uniqne feature of a JIT system is the new partnership philosophy of the buyer‐seller organizations, which is essential to its successful implementation. This article is based on tbe results of an empirical study of OEM adopters of the JIT concept. It demonstrates the dramatic effect of the system on traditional buyer‐seller practices, measures the performance results to date, and points up the key role of purchasing and materials management in developing successful buyer‐seller JIT linkages.
Book Reviews
Authors: Thompson George H.
Published: June 2017

JUST‐IN‐TIME PURCHASING: In Pursuit of Excellence, by Peter L. Grieco, Jr., Michael W. Gozzo, and Jerry W. Claunch, PT Publications, Inc., Plantsville, Conn., 1988. 199 pages.
When, How, and Why Suppliers Consider Price Moves
Authors: Bingham Frank G.
Published: June 2017

An understanding of the internal and external pressures faced by a seller as he or she prepares for the negotiation process will help the purchasing executive save time in terms of data collection, analysis, and preparation. Buyers must rely heavily on the availability of accurate information and the determination of the seller's position of strength. This person needs an understanding of the tools and concepts used by the seller in preparing for negotiation, along with an understanding of what drives the selling executive to make certain decisions. An overview of these tools and concepts is presented in this article and should facilitate and improve a buyer's analysis of costs and prices.
The Impact of Just‐In‐Time on the Audit of Purchasing
Authors: Waples Elaine , Norris Daniel M.
Published: June 2017

A switch to any new manufacturing technology could require significant changes in a firm's accounting system. Unresolved is the question of what effect these changes will have on the independent audit of the manufacturing firm's financial statements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of just‐in‐time (JIT) on the audit of purchasing, from the point of view of the certified public accountant performing the audit. Specifically, the aim is to analyze possible changes in audit testing and internal control in the purchasing function resulting from the implementation of JIT concepts.
Allocation of Order Quantity Among Suppliers
Authors: Pan Andrew C.
Published: June 2017

This article presents a linear programming model that can be used in the simultaneous determination of the number of suppliers to utilize and the purchase quantity allocations among suppliers in a multiple sourcing system. The model is simple and powerful. It can be used to make rational multiple sourcing decisions.
Book Reviews
Authors: Browning John M.
Published: June 2017

PURCHASING MANAGEMENT, by Eberhard E. Scheuing, Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1989, 390 pages. Clothbound, with 79‐page instructor's manual, approximate retail price $40.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sherman Stanley N.
Published: June 2017

MANAGEMENT'S HIDDEN ENEMY, by David S. Brown, Lomond Publications, Inc., Mt. Airy, Maryland, 1987, 115 pages.
Storage Space Costs and the EOQ Model
Authors: Joshi Kailash
Published: June 2017

This article examines the EOQ analysis for bulky, inexpensive, low risk items. These items occupy a disproportionately large space in the warehouse and, therefore, incur a high storage space cost. The traditional EOQ model, however, does not recognize the high space cost associated with these items and recommends the ordering of such materials in large quantities due to their low unit cost. In a traditional EOQ model, the space cost is implicitly assumed to be proportional to the price of the item. This article suggests modifications in the EOQ formula to take storage space costs into account explicitly for bulky items. An actual case illustration is presented to show how storage space and costs can be saved through the use of the proposed EOQ‐Space model.
Lead Time Management: Private and Public Sector Practices
Authors: Perry James H.
Published: June 2017

Lead time management is an important element in any materials management system. The length and variance in procurement lead time directly impacts inventory investment, demand forecast accuracy, inventory turbulence, the risk of unneeded inventories, and system responsiveness. The critical significance of lead time management, however, typically is not adequately appreciated or considered in basic Department of Defense (DOD) procurement and inventory management processes. As a result, DOD inventories relative to demand have increased, and unusable inventories continue to grow.

In comparison with the DOD, leading private sector firms recognize the importance of lead time management to profitability and long‐term market success. Typically they place a much a greater emphasis on time‐sensitive procurement and materials management systems; in recent years, the just‐in‐time concept has facilitated this effort. The inherent nature of these strategies mandates active lead time management.

This article examines lead time management in both the DOD and private sector environments. Drawing on data collected from private sector firms, DOD vendors, and DOD inventory managers, empirical differences in lead time profiles are developed and analyzed—and specific procurement lead time differences are developed and used to illustrate the impact on inventory investment Finally, the article highlights DOD procurement and inventory management policies that negatively impact procurement lead times and recommends revisions to these policies.
Forecasting the NAPM Purchasing Managers' Index
Authors: Raedels Alan
Published: June 2017

The Purchasing Managers' Index, published monthly by the National Association of Purchasing Management (NAPM), is a highly recognized indicator of the health of the United States economy. Its information is so highly prized that many desire to get the information early. This article looks at several different indexes published by NAPM each month to help in making estimates of future values of the Purchasing Managers' Index. The results indicate that New Orders and a new index based on New Orders and Vendor Deliveries are both consistent leading indicators of the Purchasing Managers' Index by one month.
Book Review
Authors: Thompson George H.
Published: June 2017

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE: A Total Management Guide, by Margaret A. Emmelhainz, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990. 256 pages.
The “Theory of Constraints” and the Make‐or‐Buy Decision
Authors: Gardiner Stanley C. , Blackstone John H.
Published: June 2017

The standard cost approach and the “theory of constraints” (TOC) manufacturing philosophy are compared as bases for the make‐or‐buy decision. The authors argue that many current make‐or‐buy decisions are made improperly and that capacity‐sensitive decision procedures are needed. The standard cost method, a make‐or‐buy decision method based on the standard cost system, is illustrated and compared with the contribution per constraint minute (CPCM) and maximum permissible component price (MPCP) methods, which are based on the TOC philosophy.

The CPCM method is used to compare alternatives when the prices of purchased parts are known. The MPCP method provides the buyer with an upper bound purchase price, which could be used when negotiating with a potential supplier.

The standard cost method, when strictly applied, ignores the revenue component of the decision and does not consistently yield the most profitable decision. The CPCM and MPCP methods are offered as procedures that consistently choose the more profitable decision.
Purchasing's Role in a Concurrent Engineering Environment
Authors: Dowlatshahi Shad
Published: June 2017

In this article, early purchasing involvement in the design and development of a product is examined. Purchasing impacts are effective when they are an integral part of a concurrent engineering environment. In this environment, planned purchasing contributions, along with a number of other factors, are included in the early stages of new product design. The article proposes and explores potential areas of collaboration between purchasing and design. The areas of collaboration include, but are not limited to, developing specifications, interchangeable parts, part standardization and simplification, value analysis, part substitutions, part exclusions, and a variety of other miscellaneous areas.
The Role of Purchasing in Cost Savings Analysis
Authors: Ellram Lisa M.
Published: June 2017

The current recession has stimulated many firms' desire to contain or reduce costs. This article discusses a study that explored the role of purchasing in analyzing cost savings projects. The author argues that it is important for purchasing to be involved in purchasing cost savings projects. Such projects may be strategic in nature, and they may affect purchasing's decision‐making process and its supplier relationships. Results of the study indicate that most purchasing departments are involved in cost savings projects, and believe that they should be involved in such projects. The purchasing function also expects to play a greater role in cost reduction projects of all types in the future. To support growing involvement in such projects, the author concludes that purchasing professionals must educate themselves to a greater extent in the techniques used to analyze cost savings projects. Further, the purchasing function must assume a more aggressive, proactive role in becoming involved in purchasing cost savings projects, educating top management, and publicizing the results of such projects.
An Overview of Certification Programs in the Purchasing and Materials Management Field
Authors: Wilkinson Edward S.
Published: June 2017

During the past thirty years, a number of major professional associations in the purchasing and materials management field have developed professional certification programs. These organizations have continued to keep pace with the needs of the profession. This article provides an overview of the major certification programs and identifies changes made during recent years. The features analyzed focus on the critical requirements for certification—education, experience, examinations, professional contributions, costs, and recertification. The author also reviews the key elements of each program and analyzes the major changes made in each during the past five years.