bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and biophysical mechanisms macrophages use to tune phagocytic appetite
Authors: Bond Annalise , Morrissey Meghan A.
Published: January 2025

Macrophages phagocytose, or eat, pathogens, dead cells and cancer cells. To activate phagocytosis, macrophages recognize ‘eat me’ signals like IgG and phosphatidylserine on the target cell surface. Macrophages must carefully adjust their phagocytic appetite to ignore non-specific or transient eat me signal exposure on healthy cells while still rapidly recognizing pathogens and debris. Depending on the context, macrophages can increase their appetite for phagocytosis, to prioritize an effective immune response, or decrease their appetite, to avoid damage to healthy tissue during homeostasis. In this Review, we discuss the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms that macrophages employ to increase or decrease their sensitivity or capacity for phagocytosis. We discuss evidence that macrophages tune their sensitivity via several mechanisms, including altering the balance of activating and inhibitory receptor expression, altering the availability of activating receptors, as well as influencing their clustering and mobility, and modulating inhibitory receptor location. We also highlight how membrane availability limits the capacity of macrophages for phagocytosis and discuss potential mechanisms to promote membrane recycling and increase phagocytic capacity. Overall, this Review highlights recent work detailing the molecular toolkit that macrophages use to alter their appetite.
Rural–Nonrural Disparities in Sports Medicine Access in Secondary School Athletics in Virginia
Authors: Thuesen Sean , Rogers Mark
Published: January 2025

Sports play a major role in the secondary school experience, with injuries also being part of these experiences. Healthcare access is a complex topic impacted by where someone lives, among other social determinants of health. Using a survey sent to Virginia-based middle school and high school athletic directors and athletic trainers, this study investigated the differences in sports medicine access comparing rural and nonrural communities. Findings suggest rural communities in Virginia have less access to an athletic trainer during practices and competitions and have a greater length of time before an injured athlete is seen by a sports medicine specialist when follow-up care is required. Narrowing the gap in medical access between rural and nonrural communities is important for athlete's well-being and for building more equitable healthcare systems.
Equestrian Sports Safety: An Update on Safety Equipment and Event Medical Coverage
Authors: Gould Sara , Roy Ian R. , Gabriel Fernanda Dib , Lowe Rusty , Lin Cindy Y.
Published: January 2025

Equestrian sports are associated with high rates of major injury compared to collision and powered two-wheel sports. Advancements in rider and horse safety equipment and the implementation of comprehensive emergency action planning standards may help mitigate injuries, particularly in regard to the Olympic disciplines of dressage, show jumping, and three-day eventing covered in this review. Personal safety equipment to consider includes helmets, safety and air vests, and horse tack including safety stirrups, acoustic dampeners, and breakaway reins. Equestrian event medical coverage requires emergency action planning, partnership with local emergency medical services, and cooperation of interprofessional teams. Safety coordinators and medical providers may be tasked with providing first aid to spectators in addition to stabilizing and triaging crush trauma, traumatic brain injuries or spinal injuries, or fractures in competitors. Stationary and mobile medical units, proper medical equipment, acute spine stabilization protocols, and communication systems are critical components of equestrian medical coverage.
Appetite Regulation in Response to Acute Exercise among Weight-Loss Treatment Responders vs Nonresponders: A Pilot Study
Authors: DiPietro Loretta , Malin Steven K. , Barbiero Matthew , Levers Kyle , Heinz Eric , Napolitano Melissa A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The reason for weight-loss heterogeneity in response to lifestyle interventions is not clear. Important regulators of food intake and energy expenditure include peripheral hormonal signals from insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, and ghrelin. Herein, we examine the hormonal regulators of appetite and satiety following a high-volume bout of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise in responders and nonresponders to a 6-month, digitally delivered, weight-loss lifestyle intervention.

Methods

Young adults (27.7 ± 3.7 yr; 11 female, 1 male) characterized as responders (n = 7; lost 3% of their initial body weight) and nonresponders (n = 5) participated in a 60-min treadmill exercise challenge, consisting of three 15-min intervals at 80% of peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), with 5 min of walking at 50% V̇O2peak between intervals. Blood samples were obtained prior to and immediately after exercise and 30 and 60 min after exercise during seated recovery for determination of plasma glucose, insulin, GLP-1active, leptin, and acylated ghrelin. Univariate analyses (mean ± standard deviation) and Cohen’s d described between-group differences in hormone responses to exercise.

Results

Glucose and leptin responses during the exercise challenge and recovery were similar for nonresponders and responders; however, nonresponders had higher insulin concentrations post-exercise compared to responders (9.8 ± 3.5 μU·mL−1 vs 6.2 ± 2.2 μU·mL−1 at 30 min (d = 1.23); 9.4 ± 1.8 μU·mL−1 vs 6.3 ± 2.1 μU·mL−1 at 60 min (d = 1.54)). Concentrations of GLP-1active also appeared higher in nonresponders compared to responders following exercise (12.2 ± 2.8 pmol·L−1 vs 9.3 ± 1.1 pmol·L−1 (d = 1.36)), but this difference disappeared after 30 min of recovery. Ghrelin levels were lower in the nonresponders following exercise (308 ± 27 pg·mL−1 vs 494 ± 98 pg·mL−1 (d = −2.58)) and remained so over the recovery period (287.4 ± 12.3 pg·mL−1 vs 392.1 ± 47.2 pg·mL−1 at 30 min (d = −3.08); 313.0 ± 39.8 pg·mL−1 vs 393.9 ± 60.8 pg·mL−1 at 60 min (d = −1.21)).

Conclusions

These findings support potential appetite hormonal differences in the heterogenous weight-loss response to lifestyle therapy. A better understanding of how exercise affects appetite regulation in young adults with overweight and obesity could help with precision care.
Οι επιμορφωτικές ανάγκες των εκπαιδευτικών Α’θμιας εκπαίδευσης στη σεξουαλική αγωγή: απόψεις εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Λαχανοπούλου Φωτεινή
Published: January 2025

Σκοπός της έρευνάς μας είναι η ανάδειξη των επιμορφωτικών αναγκών σε θέματα σεξουαλικής αγωγής των εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης και στόχο έχει να απαντήσει στα εξής ερευνητικά ερωτήματα: 1) Πόσο έτοιμοι νιώθουν οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δημοτικού σχολείου να διδάξουν την θεματική ενότητα «Σεξουαλική Διαπαιδαγώγηση» η οποία εντάσσεται πλέον στο πλαίσιο των Εργαστηρίων Δεξιοτήτων; 2) Πόσο προετοιμασμένοι νιώθουν οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δημοτικού σχολείου να συζητήσουν ευαίσθητα θέματα και θέματα ταμπού που ενδέχεται να προκύψουν κατά την διδασκαλία της θεματικής ενότητας «Σεξουαλική Διαπαιδαγώγησης» ή ακόμα και εκτός του πλαισίου αυτού; 3) Οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δημοτικού σχολείου κατά πόσο πιστεύουν ότι η επιμόρφωση σε θέματα σεξουαλικής αγωγής θα συμβάλει θετικά στις διδακτικές τους δεξιότητες για την θεματική ενότητα «Σεξουαλική Διαπαιδαγώγηση»; Και 4) Ποια χαρακτηριστικά πιστεύουν ότι πρέπει να έχει μία αποτελεσματική επιμορφωτική διαδικασία σε θέματα σεξουαλικής αγωγής οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δημοτικού σχολείου; Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας, συμπεραίνουμε ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί δεν νιώθουν έτοιμοι για να διδάξουν το αντικείμενο της σεξουαλικής αγωγής. Επίσης, οι εκπαιδευτικοί δεν νιώθουν κατάλληλα προετοιμασμένοι ώστε να διαχειρίζονται συζητήσεις και περιστατικά που αφορούν την σεξουαλικότητα. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί θεωρούν ότι η επιμόρφωσή τους θα βελτιώσει την γνωστική αλλά και τη διδακτική τους επάρκεια και δηλώνουν ότι επιθυμούν η επιμόρφωσή τους να προέρχεται από κεντρικό κρατικό φορέα. Τέλος, οι εκπαιδευτικοί προτείνουν η επιμόρφωση να είναι υποχρεωτική, πολυεπιστημονική και όχι μόνο θεωρητικής προσέγγισης.
Πρόληψη της ανάρμοστης συμπεριφοράς στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση - Απόψεις διευθυντών/ντριών σχολικών μονάδων
Authors: Λιγούδης Γεώργιος , Κουγιουρούκη Μαρίνα
Published: January 2025

Σκοπός της ποιοτικής αυτής μελέτης είναι η διερεύνηση των απόψεων και των πρακτικών των διευθυντών σχολικών μονάδων της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σε σχέση με τον τρόπο διαχείρισης των εκδηλώσεων ανάρμοστων συμπεριφορών στα σχολεία τους. Ειδικότερα, επιχειρείται η καταγραφή των μεθόδων που εφαρμόζουν οι διευθυντές για την πρόληψη των ανάρμοστων συμπεριφορών, η αξιολόγηση αυτών των μεθόδων και η συγκέντρωση προτάσεων για τη βελτίωση του σχετικού υφιστάμενου πλαισίου. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε το χρονικό διάστημα Οκτώβριος 2023 – Ιανουάριος 2024 με μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο την ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη. Δέκα (10) διευθυντές/τριες σχολικών μονάδων του ν. Έβρου, τέσσερις (4) άνδρες και έξι (6) γυναίκες, συμμετείχαν στην έρευνά μας, τα αποτελέσματα της οποίας καταδεικνύουν ότι οι διευθυντές/τριες επιλέγουν την πρόληψη έναντι της αντιμετώπισης των ανάρμοστων συμπεριφορών. Αναδεικνύουν ως σημαντικούς πυλώνες εγκαθίδρυσης πρόληψης της ανάρμοστης συμπεριφοράς στο σχολείο τους την οικοδόμηση σχέσεων εμπιστοσύνης μεταξύ του σχολείου και των γονέων/κηδεμόνων των μαθητών και την ενημέρωση του συνόλου της εκπαιδευτικής κοινότητας για προβλήματα που εντοπίζονται στη σχολική μονάδα μέσα από συνεργασία και ανταλλαγή απόψεων και πληροφοριών στο πλαίσιο των παιδαγωγικών συνεδριάσεων του συλλόγου διδασκόντων, στα συμβούλια τμήματος αλλά και στις μαθητικές συνελεύσεις. Επίσης, αξιολογούν θετικά την παρουσία των Συμβούλων Σχολικής Ζωής, των ψυχολόγων και των κοινωνικών λειτουργών που εργάζονται στα σχολεία τους καθώς και την επιμόρφωση του εκπαιδευτικού προσωπικού στους τρόπους διαχείρισης της ανάρμοστης συμπεριφοράς.
The potential of Sonneratia caseolaris mangrove leaves extract as a bioactive food ingredient using various water extract
Authors: Kartikaningsih Hartati , Fitriana Nur , Anggraeni Ike Listya , Semedi Bambang , Pertiwi Koentjoro Maharani
Published: January 2025

Background Sonneratia caseolaris, has been widely utilized by the Indonesian. S. caseolaris leaves contain various active compounds, contributing to their popularity in the treatment of various diseases. Mangrove leaves are also known to exhibit very high antioxidant activity. This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of S . caseolaris leaves extracted using different solvents. The resulting extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH) techniques. Methods Analysis of total flavonoids, total phenols, identification of active compounds with Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and bioinformatics were also carried out to obtain temporary conclusions about the antioxidant activity of S. caseolaris leaf extract. Results The results indicated that S. caseolaris leaves extracted with methanol and distilled water exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other extracts. The analysis of total flavonoids and total phenols yielded results consistent with the antioxidant activity tests. LC-HRMS results identified three compounds in all S. caseolaris leaf extracts with antioxidant activity, namely TEMPO, Choline, and Betaine. TEMPO demonstrated a higher antioxidant activity than Choline and Betaine, as indicated by the binding affinity values in the bioinformatics analysis. Conclusions It is evident that S. caseolaris leaf extracts has the potential to serve as an effective antioxidant agent. Further research is needed to confirm how the potential compounds in S. caseolaris leaf water extracts interact with the target protein Keap1. This research aims to utilize S. caseolaris as active components in food products, thereby enhancing antioxidant consumption among consumers.
Separation Time of Aluminothermic Reduction Products for Sustainable Silicon Production
Authors: Bullón Javier , Crego Óscar , Ferrín José Luis , Gómez Dolores , Martínez Iván , Pérez-Pérez Luis Javier
Published: January 2025

Background This work was carried out within the framework of the SisAl Pilot project, which is devoted to the environmentally friendly production of silicon. This new method relies on the aluminothermic reduction of quartz in slag, offering a more sustainable alternative to the traditional reduction of silica with carbon in submerged arc furnaces. Methods The process takes place in a rotary kiln producing silicon (Si) and alumina slag (actually, a CaO – Al2O3 slag), which must be separated at the end to extract the silicon. This separation process is analyzed through mathematical modelling and numerical simulation, as it is of industrial interest to know how much time it takes for Si and CaO – Al2O3 slag to separate once the process has ended. Generally, a multiphase flow model is used to estimate the separation time of the two components once aluminothermic reduction has ended. Results Several scenarios are considered for the numerical simulation of the separation time, namely different initial configurations and material properties of both fluids are covered. Moreover, the separation times obtained with two distinct multiphase flow models -VOF (volume of fluid) and Eulerian- are compared. Conclusions The separation times resulting from simulations using the multiphase Eulerian model are more realistic compared to those from the VOF model, which clearly tends to underestimate separation times. Furthermore, apart from the selected multiphase flow model, the density difference between silicon and alumina slag plays a critical role in determining the separation time.
Managing assessment in online and offline adult learning environments: a meta-review
Authors: Railean Elena Aurel , Saltykova-Vaukovich Maryna , Mkhabela Zoleka
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been exponential growth in the number of research studies on assessment, testing, measurement, and evaluation strategies in online and/or offline learning settings. The efficiency of the management of these methods and their presence in higher education has not, however, been confirmed by a meta-review. Management of assessment receives much attention at the frontier of education studies since it provides the opportunity to plan, monitor, and control learning processes and outcomes. However, not only do many educational managers find this approach demanding, but it also remains unclear what they should do to foster assessment, measurement, and evaluation management standards in nowadays learning processes, which are in online and/or offline learning environments. This study explores the specific features educational managers use to promote the management of assessment, measurement, and evaluation strategies in their professional activities. The article adopts the metasystem transition methodology. After searching for data related to global trends in empirical studies on assessment, evaluation, learning environment, and educational management, the priority of formative assessment was identified. Analyses revealed different perspectives on using formative assessment in educational management strategies. The results show that the metasystems perspective evidences the importance of research on the specifics of educational management in online and/or offline learning environments for the sustainability of higher education.
Doświadczenia nieformalnych opiekunów osób starszych – sprawozdanie z badań .
Authors: Lenart Jolanta
Published: January 2025

Zapewnienie opieki osobom starszym staje się ważnym zadaniem w kontekście starzejącego się społeczeństwa. Pomimo dostępności różnych form instytucjonalnych wiele rodzin decyduje się na zapewnienie niesamodzielnej osobie starszej opieki w jej dotychczasowym środowisku życia. Sytuacja ta generuje jednak różnorakie trudności. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań ilościowych przeprowadzonych na grupie 166 opiekunów niesamodzielnych osób starszych w pow. stalowowolskim, strzyżowskim i kolbuszowskim (woj. podkarpackie). W badaniach posłużono się techniką ankiety, pogłębioną wywiadem swobodnym z listą poszukiwanych informacji. Głównym celem badań było poznanie doświadczeń związanych z opieką nad osobą starszą z perspektywy opiekunów nieformalnych oraz jakości ich życia w związku ze sprawowaną opieką. Uzyskane wyniki badań wskazują, że opieka nad osobą zależną jest wyczerpująca, powodująca chroniczny stres i zmęczenie, rzadko daje poczucie satysfakcji, a znacznie częściej wiąże się z negatywnym wpływem na stan psychofizyczny opiekunów nieformalnych. Ma negatywny wpływ na jakość życia opiekunów. Istnieje potrzeba zwiększenia skali i form pomocy państwa i instytucji pozarządowych dla tej grupy beneficjentów.
Odkrycia archeologiczne w Gdańsku i ich recepcja w środowisku naukowym Prus XVII i XVIII wieku
Authors: Grulkowski Marcin
Published: January 2025

Przedmiotem artykułu jest recepcja odkrycia archeologicznego z Gdańska z 1656 r. w środowisku naukowym XVII i XVIII w. W trakcie prac fortyfikacyjnych w czasie wojny polsko-szwedzkiej odkryto grób, w którym znajdowało się osiem urn. Pierwszym uczonym, który rozpowszechnił wiedzę o znalezisku, był gdański historyk Joachim Pastorius. W 1656 r. z tej okazji napisał wiersz, w którym w poetyckiej formie opisał gdańskie znalezisko. Przełomem dla rozwoju archeologii w Prusach była działalność Christiana Friedricha Reuscha, który w 1724 r. opublikował pracę De tumulis et urnis sepulcralibus in Prussia. Informacje na temat urn wykopanych w Gdańsku uzyskał od teologa i historyka Michaela Lilienthala. Dysponował on rysunkiem grobowca, a także pisemną relacją dotyczącą odkrycia.
WOLNOŚĆ JAKO ZALEŻNOŚĆ W REFLEKSJI TEOLOGICZNEJ JOSEPHA RATZINGERA
Authors: Bujak Janusz
Published: January 2025

Artykuł podejmuje temat wolności w myśli teologicznej Josepha Ratzingera. Bawarski teolog uzasadniał w swoich pismach, że osoba ludzka może być wolna jedynie wtedy, gdy żyje w prawdzie o swojej zależności od Boga i drugiego człowieka. Ratzinger wskazywał na trzy fundamenty ludzkiej wolności, którymi są prawda o byciu stworzonym, istnienie na wzór Trójcy Świętej i życie we wspólnocie Kościoła. Pierwszym jest uznanie bycia stworzonym przez Boga, powołanym do życia przez Boski Logos, który jest nie tylko Rozumem ale Miłością. Przeciwieństwem uznania siebie za bycie stworzonym, a zatem zależnym od Stwórcy, jest gnostyckie odrzucenie Stwórcy, materii i ludzkiej cielesności. Drugim fundamentem jest istnienie trynitarne: „dla”, „od” i „z”, które objawił nam Jezus Chrystus – druga Osoba Trójcy Świętej. Trzecim gwarantem ludzkiej wolności jest życie we wspólnocie, akceptacja więzów i zasad, które nią kierują. Szczególnie dotyczy to Kościoła Chrystusowego, który jest miejscem realizacji wolności rozumianej jako eleutheria (wolność dzieci Bożych) i parresia (otwartość, szczerość). Również teologia uprawiana w Kościele ma związek z wolnością, bowiem celem teologii jest dążenie do prawdy, ta zaś musi być wolna od dyktatu użyteczności i dążyć do Boga, źródła wszelkiej wolności.
OJCOSTWO W NAUCZANIU ŚW. AUGUSTYNA I ŚW. JANA CHRYZOSTOMA
Authors: Chabior Sławomir
Published: January 2025

Artykuł analizuje nauki św. Augustyna i św. Jana Chryzostoma na temat ojcostwa. Augustyn w związku z tym tematem podkreśla znaczenie duchowego rozwoju dzieci, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli ojca jako przewodnika duchowego. Doceniał poświęcenie ojca w kwestii edukacji, mimo różnic w przekonaniach religijnych oraz miał głębokie uczucia wobec swojego syna Adeodata. Według Augustyna, ojciec powinien prowadzić dzieci ku Bogu, łącząc miłość i świadectwo z odpowiednią surowością. Z kolei Chryzostom kładł nacisk na rolę ojca w rodzinie jako nauczyciela duchowego, dbającego o rozwój cnót chrześcijańskich i unikanie pokus. Ojciec powinien dbać o mądrość i przykładne życie, przygotowując dzieci do przyszłego małżeństwa i życia chrześcijańskiego.
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ NAUKOWO-LITERACKA WACŁAWA SIEROSZEWSKIEGO NA ZESŁANIU SYBERYJSKIM I JEJ UWARUNKOWANIA
Authors: Koprowski Piotr
Published: January 2025

Będące przedmiotem artykułu początki działalności naukowo-literackiej etnografa, pisarza Wacława Sieroszewskiego (1858–1945) są ściśle związane z jego pobytem – jako zesłańca – na Syberii w latach osiemdziesiątych i na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XIX wieku W piśmiennictwie polskim w dziewiętnastym stuleciu dominował obraz Syberii jako krainy cierpień, miejsca zesłania tysięcy Polaków. Sieroszewski pragnął przybliżyć rodakom inne, nieznane im oblicze tej krainy, zwłaszcza jej wschodniej części Jakucji. Skłoniło go to – obok uwarunkowań egzystencjalno-emocjonalnych (poczucie osamotnienia, zwątpienie w sens życia) i praktycznych, związanych z podejmowanymi próbami ucieczki z zesłania – do sukcesywnego poznawania Jakutów, ich geograficzno-przyrodniczego i społeczno-kulturowego środowiska życia. Jakucja i Jakuci stali się przedmiotem wielostronnych studiów polskiego zesłańca, rzetelnych pod względem naukowym, niezwykle sugestywnych i plastycznych, a przy tym nienaznaczonych sentymentalizmem, patosem. Ich efektem były utwory literackie, artykuły naukowe opublikowane na łamach rosyjskich czasopism oraz wszechstronna, jedyna w swoim rodzaju monografia o społeczności jakuckiej. Ukazanie się w 1896 roku Jakutów było wydarzeniem naukowym o światowej randze. O wielkiej wartości naukowej i znaczeniu publikacji świadczył m.in. fakt, że autor został nagrodzony złotym medalem Cesarskiego Rosyjskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, a po pewnych staraniach zezwolono mu na powrót z zesłania do ojczyzny.
ROLA MŁODZIEŻY W MŁODZIEŻOWYCH SODALICJACH MARIAŃSKICH
Authors: Lange Paweł
Published: January 2025

Historia Sodalicji Mariańskich rozpoczyna się w XVI wieku, w okresie burzliwych przemian ideowych i reform. Inspiracją dla tego ruchu było Towarzystwo Jezusowe założone przez św. Ignacego Loyolę. Pierwsza Sodalicja Mariańska powstała w 1563 roku w Rzymie i szybko rozprzestrzeniła się na inne kontynenty. Dotarła także do Polski – do Braniewa, gdzie w 1571 roku utworzono pierwszą kongregację, a w kolejnych latach powołano następne w różnych polskich miastach. Mimo okresów trudności, takich jak likwidacja zakonu jezuitów czy represje PRL-u, sodalicje przetrwały i odrodziły się, szczególnie w okresie „Solidarności”. Dzisiaj Sodalicje Mariańskie przekształciły się we Wspólnoty Życia Chrześcijańskiego, kontynuując swą działalność apostolską. Działalność Sodalicji Mariańskich to historia zaangażowania w życie kościelne i społeczne oraz piękny przykład wychowywania młodzieży przez młodzież.
NARÓD JAKO WYCHOWAWCA DO PEŁNI CZŁOWIECZEŃSTWA. AKTUALNOŚĆ PRZESŁANIA JANA PAWŁA II
Authors: Łużyński Wiesław
Published: January 2025

Podstawowym powołaniem człowieka jest osobowy rozwój. Ten ważny proces dokonuje się w środowisku kultury. Dzięki niej człowiek żyje na sposób prawdziwie ludzki. Ona prowadzi do pełnego i prawdziwego człowieczeństwa. Dzięki niej człowiek może „bardziej być”. Wspólnotą, która wytwarza, gromadzi i przekazuje wartości umożliwiające osobowy rozwój, jest naród. To on jest pośrednim wychowawcą człowieka do pełni człowieczeństwa. Bezpośrednim wychowawcą człowieka jest rodzina. Wspólnota ta wychowuje zgodnie z wartościami, których nosicielem jest naród. Wspólnota narodowa jest więc dobrem, które domaga się troski poprzez wierność i miłość.
NADZWYCZAJNE FUNKCJE WIERNYCH ŚWIECKICH W LITURGII MSZALNEJ
Authors: Makowski Dawid
Published: January 2025

Artykuł porusza problematykę nadzwyczajnych funkcji wiernych świeckich w liturgii mszalnej. Tekst publikacji został podzielony na dwie części tematyczne. Pierwsza z nich dotyczy teologii posługiwania świeckich w liturgii. W niej zawarto wzmianki na temat teologicznych podstaw służby świeckich, wyrażanej poprzez wykonywanie poszczególnych czynności liturgicznych. Wskazano w nim również na istotę czynnego udziału w liturgii. Druga natomiast przedstawia nadzwyczajne funkcje świeckich we Mszy św. Pozwala ona dostrzec ramy, w których Kościół dopuszcza – na zasadzie wyjątku lub tymczasowo – poszczególnych wiernych do wykonywania niektórych istotniejszych czynności liturgicznych. Dzięki temu daje się dostrzec nie tylko dlaczego, ale również w jaki sposób świeccy mogą być angażowani w sprawowanie Najświętszej Ofiary.
OSOBA LUDZKA W BIZNESIE I NOWOCZESNEJ SPÓŁDZIELCZOŚCI
Authors: Magdoń Antoni
Published: January 2025

Osoba ludzka jest podmiotem i celem wszystkich instytucji społecznych, ponieważ każda osoba jest obrazem Boga (Rdz 1,27). Encyklika Rerum novarum Leona XIII, jako obrona niezbywalnej godności pracowników, wzmocniła zaangażowanie Kościoła w ożywienie chrześcijańskiego życia społecznego, co przejawiało się w narodzinach i konsolidacji licznych inicjatyw: grup i ośrodków studiów społecznych, stowarzyszeń i organizacji pracowniczych, związków zawodowych, spółdzielni, banków wiejskich, grup ubezpieczeniowych i organizacji pomocowych. Zgodnie z encykliką Laborem exercens Jana Pawła II, która wzmacnia personalistyczną wizję charakteryzującą poprzednie dokumenty społeczne, praca jest „istotnym kluczem” do całej kwestii społecznej i jest warunkiem rozwoju gospodarczego oraz rozwoju kulturalnego, a także moralnego osób, rodziny, społeczeństwa i całego rodzaju ludzkiego. Znaczący przykład w tym względzie można znaleźć w działalności tzw. przedsiębiorstw spółdzielczych (Hrubieszów), małych i średnich spółdzielni, przedsiębiorstw handlowych z wyrobami rękodzielniczymi i rodzinnych przedsiębiorstw rolniczych. Gospodarka i finanse nie istnieją dla siebie, są tylko instrumentem lub środkiem. Ich jedynym celem jest osoba ludzka i jej pełny rozwój oraz godne spełnienie.
STYLE KIEROWANIA, RADZENIE SOBIE ZE STRESEM I WYPALENIEM ZAWODOWYM W PRACY MENEDŻERÓW
Authors: Pater Dariusz
Published: January 2025

Artykuł traktuje o trzech czynnikach silnie związanych z pracą menedżera: styl kierowania, radzenie sobie ze stresem oraz wypalenie zawodowe. Przedstawiono definicję pojęć, literaturę przedmiotu, omówiono badania prowadzone na świecie nad tymi zagadnieniami. Osobną częścią artykułu jest studium przypadku – badania przeprowadzone wśród menedżerów z regionu radomskiego. Wyniki wpisują się w teoretyczne rozważania i potwierdzają postawioną na ich wstępie hipotezę o istnieniu istotnych współzależności pomiędzy stylami kierowania, radzeniem sobie ze stresem oraz wypaleniem zawodowym u menedżerów.
Synthesis, Analytical, and Spectral Studies on Manganese (II) complexes of Redox-active Schiff base Ligands, Bis (2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone) ethylenediamine and Bis (2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone) propylenediamine
Authors: Sharma Yudhvir Singh , Yadav Shramila , Prasad Magan
Published: January 2025

This study explores the synthesis, analytical characterization, and spectral properties of manganese (II) complexes derived from redox-active Schiff base ligands, specifically bis(2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone) ethylenediamine (DAen) and bis(2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone) propylenediamine (DApn). These ligands were synthesized by condensing 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone with ethylenediamine and 1,3-propylenediamine, respectively. The resulting manganese (II) complexes were prepared through reactions with Mn(II) salts under controlled conditions. Comprehensive analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, confirmed the successful synthesis and composition of the complexes. Spectral studies using UV-Vis, IR, and EPR spectroscopy provided detailed insights into the electronic structures and binding modes of bivalent mononuclear manganese(II) centres in these metal complexes. The results revealed that the Schiff base ligands coordinate with manganese (II) ions through the phenolic oxygen and imine nitrogen atoms, forming stable, near octahedral geometries. This work contributes to understanding manganese (II) coordination chemistry with Schiff bases and underscores their potential in materials science and catalysis.
Eco-Friendly Fabrication of Polymer Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles with Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Chaudhary Mansi , Chaudhary Leela , Patel Nidhi , Moga Himani , Parmar Kokila A. , Makvana Chirag
Published: January 2025

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) encapsulated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained significant attention in biomedical research due to their unique physicochemical and therapeutic properties. This study outlines an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing PVP-AuNPs using Gymnema sylvestre extract as a natural reducing agent. By optimizing the extract to HAuCl₄ ratio, effective synthesis was achieved at a 3.0% extract concentration producing spherical AuNPs with an average size of 33 nm as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis validated the successful encapsulation of AuNPs with PVP revealing characteristic peaks corresponding to PVP and functional groups from the plant extract. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized AuNPs. The PVP-AuNPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 32.42 μg/mL after 48 hours. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated significant bactericidal activity against pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, showing concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects. This work underscores the potential of green-synthesized PVP-AuNPs as a versatile platform for cancer therapy and antimicrobial applications providing a sustainable pathway to advancements in nanomedicine.
Quantitative UV-Spectrophotometric Method for the Analysis of Teneligliptin HBr and Metformin HCl in Pharmaceutical Dosage form: Development and Validation
Authors: Khanduri Praveen , Gahtori Archana
Published: January 2025

This study developed a UV-spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous quantification of Metformin HCl and Teneligliptin HBr. Both active pharmaceutical ingredients were found to be soluble in 0.1N sulfuric acid, which was thus chosen as the solvent for analysis. The maximum absorption wavelengths for Metformin HCl and Teneligliptin HBr were identified at 220 nm and 240 nm, respectively. Standard stock solutions were prepared, and samples from commercially available tablets were accurately measured and dissolved for testing. Method validation included evaluations of linearity, precision (intra-day and inter-day), accuracy, robustness, as well as detection (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ). The method exhibited strong precision and accuracy, with %RSD values less than 2%. Both LOD and LOQ demonstrated sufficient sensitivity, and the method proved effective for analyzing commercial formulations, achieving compliance levels of 99.20% for Metformin and 102.00% for Teneligliptin.
Ultrasonic Characterization on Glycine Dissolve in Saline Salt (MgSO4 andNa2SO4) Solution in View to Sustainable Farming
Authors: Hepat Sonali V. , Manik Urvashi P.
Published: January 2025

Soil salinity is caused by the increased concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions in the soil. Salinity alters the physiological characteristics of soil and inhibits plant’s ability to absorb water and other nutrients. Numerous studies have shown that amino acids have a bio stimulatory effect on plant growth and improved nutrient uptake. In this work a strategy has been developed to cut the salinity problem by using ultrasonic technique. For this, the impact of Glycine on soil salinity has been studied. The ultrasonic velocity and density of Glycine in water as well as 0.2NMagnesium sulphate and Sodium sulphate solution as function of concentration at different temperatures (313.15 and 318.15k) have been determined. By using this basic data different thermo-physical properties of mentioned systems have been calculated. Thus, present scenario confirms the formation of stronger interaction between molecules of saline salt and Glycine. Furthermore, stronger interaction forms strong hydrogen bond hence, Glycine is effective in view to reduce the salinity.
Synergistic Advancements: PANI-Coated Short Nylon Fibers for Enhanced Mechanical and Dielectric Properties in Natural Rubber Conducting Polymer Composites
Authors: A Saritha Chandran
Published: January 2025

Diving into the dynamic realm of microwave technology, this study explores the potential applications of natural rubber (NR)-based conducting polymer composites (CPCs) with a focus on their dielectric and heating properties for high-frequency applications. Seeking to bolster mechanical strength, short nylon fibers are exclusively integrated into the F series (NR, polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline coated fibres (PANI-N), while the P series (NR and polyaniline (PANI)) comprises only PANI. Investigating both series reveals intriguing dielectric behaviors: dielectric permittivity increases with frequency, reaching 35 (P series) and 11.6 (F series) at 12.7 GHz, influenced by filler loadings. Loss tangent exhibits distinctive trends, rising with PANI loading and decreasing with PANI-N loading. The heating coefficient displays complex behavior in both series, correlating with frequency and loading variations. Furthermore, conductivity and absorption coefficients increase with frequency, optimizing at 12.7 GHz and specific loadings. This pioneering work underscores the synergistic potential of PANI-N in achieving a delicate balance between superior mechanical and microwave properties in NR-based CPCs.
High-yield Bioethanol Production from Cashew Apple in Atakpamé
Authors: Abli Gnimdou Issanga , Novidzro Kosi Mawuéna , Akpo Komivi , Koumaglo Kossi Honoré
Published: January 2025

The current work aimed to determine the efficiency of bioethanol production from cashew apples. To optimize bioethanol production yield, the juice extracted by mechanical pressing of cashew apples was concentrated into normal gravity (NG) must (20°Brix) and very high gravity (VHG) must (28°Brix). A parallel experiment was conducted using sucrose as a fermentable model substrate. Urea was added to enhance the fermentation capacity of the yeast. Batch and fed-batch fermentation processes were monitored by refractometric method, and the alcoholic content of the musts was determined using pycnometric method. The results showed that the ethanol produced rates (% vol.) with urea (2 g/L) in VHG must by the fed-batch process, and in VHG and NG musts by the batch process, were as follows: 16.36, 15.44, and 9.62, respectively. In comparison, ethanol obtained rates without urea were 15.37, 14.37, and 10.34 under the same conditions. Juice concentration, urea addition, and fed-batch fermentation process were used to optimize bioethanol production yields from cashew apples. In fact, the technology of bioethanol production adopted in the current study would generate additional benefits for farmers.
"Un gusano tan vil": Christological Humility and the Affirmation of the Self in the Works of Teresa de Jesús
Authors: Gismondi Michael Anthony
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Readers of Teresa de Jesús (1515–82) are often confounded by her frequent self-disparaging remarks. Following Alison Weber's Teresa of Avila and the Rhetoric of Femininity (1990), many critics have regarded these utterances of wretchedness and humility as rhetorical legerdemain, which Teresa employed to navigate the patriarchal atmosphere of the Spanish Inquisition after Trent. Yet, in this view, Teresa did a disservice to women by reinforcing feminine stereotypes and ideologies of women's subordination. In this article, however, I argue that Teresa's humility is Christological and, therefore, subverted those ideologies by theologically leveling hierarchies of spirituality. For Teresa, human ontology is eternal, created in the image of God. Its telos is Christ. Yet, because the post-Edenic self is fallen, it is incapable of teleological fulfillment. As a Christological virtue, humility (as spiritual poverty) becomes vital to Christian soteriology, reconstituting the self, reorienting it to God, and restoring the relationship for which it was created. As such, Teresa's humility is not feminine, it is Christian. Spiritual poverty applies to all and salvation is available to all. Her theology, therefore, recognizes an ontological equality of all humanity that negates a merely feminine spiritual inadequacy and, thus, represents a subversion of ideologies of subordination rather than a reinforcement of them.
Robust terahertz on-chip topological pathway with single-mode and linear dispersion
Authors: He Xusheng , Wang Lan , Huang Zitong , Xia Chaoming , Gao Xin , Yang Ziqiang , Zhang Yaxin
Published: January 2025

Terahertz on-chip pathway is crucial for next-generation wireless communication, terahertz integrated circuits, and high-speed chip interconnections, yet its development is impeded by issues like channel crosstalk and disordered scattering. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a terahertz on-chip topological pathway that exhibits exceptional transmission robustness, unaffected by structural curvature. The pathway is constructed using a subwavelength structure that combines the benefits of topological properties, such as broadband single-mode transmission and linear dispersion, with the field localization effects of periodic metal structures. By integrating topological protection into radio frequency circuits through metal microstructures, the device maintains efficient terahertz wave transmission even in the presence of scattering or structural defects while minimizing signal interference. These findings hold significant potential for applications in radio frequency device transmission and chip interconnection, particularly within the terahertz frequency range.
O-band membrane photodetector with InGaAsP-bulk absorption core using Franz–Keldysh effect
Authors: Aihara Takuma , Hiraki Tatsurou , Maeda Yoshiho , Takeda Koji , Fujii Takuro , Kanazawa Shigeru , Segawa Toru , Matsuo Shinji
Published: January 2025

There has been an increasing need for small, low-cost, and low-power consumption optical transceivers for short-reach fiber links. Waveguide-integrated photodetectors (PDs) with wide bandwidth and high responsivity on Si photonics platforms are an essential element for these applications. We have fabricated an O-band membrane PD which is suitable for integration with high-performance III-V-based membrane devices such as lasers and modulators, and passive waveguide circuits on the Si photonics platforms. The membrane PD consists of an InGaAsP-bulk absorption core embedded with an InP-based lateral p-i-n junction. The width of the InGaAsP absorption core is designed to be 350 nm and the doped regions overlap with the edges of the core to reduce the carrier transit time. In the structure, however, photocarriers generated in the doped core appear to be a limiting factor of the operating speed since the photocarriers diffuse into the depletion region with a long time constant. To avoid this, we design the bandgap wavelength of the absorption core to be shorter than the operating wavelength. As the electric field is mainly applied to the undoped InGaAsP absorption core region when the reverse bias is applied to the PD, the absorption coefficient in the undoped core region increases due to Franz–Keldysh effect (FKE) while the doped regions maintain a low absorption coefficient due to the wavelength detuning. A membrane PD with an absorption length of 30 µm integrated with the SiOx waveguide was fabricated by using a heterogeneous integration technique on a Si photonics platform. We verified that the FKE causes the photocurrent to increase. In addition, the OE bandwidth was observed to increase due to the wavelength detuning. The fabricated PD exhibited a fiber-to-PD responsivity of 0.6 A/W and a bandwidth over 67 GHz. Eye openings for 100-Gbit/s NRZ signals were demonstrated at a stage temperature of 25°C.
Construction of optical lattice-type skyrmion arrays in tightly focused electromagnetic field
Authors: Wang Canghai , Wang Jiming , Huang Can , Zhang Ding , Liu Sen , Liu Youwen
Published: January 2025

By utilizing the time inversion of radiation from spatial dipole arrays, we propose a method for constructing the spatial lattice-type skyrmion arrays under 4π focusing conditions, including Néel-, Bloch-, and Anti-skyrmions/merons. The Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory is applied to analyze the radiation field emitted by dipole arrays, aiming to determine the incident field required under a high numerical aperture (NA=0.95). We construct spatial optical skyrmion arrays consisting of multiple topological points and investigate the distribution characteristics of the tightly focused field. The results indicate that diverse morphologies of optical skyrmions/merons can be achieved by adjusting the vectorial distribution within the unit dipole arrays. The high degree of freedom in combining optical skyrmion arrays holds significant potential for applications in high-density storage and precision measurement.
Polarization-independent full-color holographic movie with a single metasurface free from crosstalk
Authors: Yamaguchi Masakazu , Hada Mitsutoshi , Iwami Kentaro
Published: January 2025

Metasurface holograms offer advantages, such as a wide viewing angle, compact size, and high resolution. However, projecting a full-color movie using a single hologram without polarization dependence has remained challenging. Here, we report a full-color dielectric metasurface holographic movie with a resolution of 512 × 512. Eight frames were multiplexed across blue (445 nm), green (532 nm), and red (633 nm) color channels, achieving a maximum reconstruction rate of 5.6 frames per second. The superposition of the three wavelengths was achieved by adjusting the resolution and position of each target image while maintaining a constant pitch of the meta-atoms. Additionally, we identified the positions of crosstalk images generated that occur due to fabrication errors and proposed and demonstrated conditions and corrections to ensure they do not overlap with the intended images. The superimposition of phase distributions for each wavelength was achieved using the least squares error method, based on a library of over 20,000 types of meta-atoms. These results are anticipated to advance the future development of three-dimensional metasurface holographic movies.
Demonstration of optical de-aggregation of a single 10-Gbit/s QPSK signal to two 5-Gbit/s OOK signals using nonlinear wave mixing and constellation biasing
Authors: Karapetyan Narek , Minoofar Amir , Alhaddad Abdulrahman , Ko Wing , Lian Hongkun , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Zhou Huibin , Tur Moshe , Habif Jonathan L. , Willner Alan E.
Published: January 2025

Optical data format de-aggregation enables the conversion from a single higher-order phase-encoded data channel coming from a high-bandwidth network into two amplitude-modulated signals that may be commonly used in lower-bandwidth local information systems. We experimentally demonstrate the optical de-aggregation of a 10-Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) signal into two 5-Gbit/s on-off keyed (OOK) signals. Using wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), we apply two optical effects simultaneously to the input signal: (a) constellation squeezing, in which the 10-Gbit/s QPSK signal is de-aggregated into two different 5-Gbit/s binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals, and (b) constellation biasing, in which the coherent addition of a continuous-wave (CW) bias and the two BPSK signals shifts the data constellation points, resulting in only amplitude modulation and two different 5-Gbit/s OOK signals. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) differences at a bit error rate (BER) of 3.8·10−3 between the back-to-back (B2B) transmitted OOK signal and the two recovered OOK signals using direct detection are 1.9 dB and 3.2 dB.
Unique Berry phase in one-dimensional topological photonic systems
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Huang I. C. , Cheng S. H. , Hsueh W. J.
Published: January 2025

A new concept, to the best of our knowledge, of the unique Berry phase (UBP) for identifying the topological nature of one-dimensional (1D) topological photonic systems is presented. The advantage of this concept compared to the typical Zak phase (TZP) is that the origin position can be chosen arbitrarily. Traditionally, there are always two inversion centers for a 1D binary photonic system with inversion symmetry. The TZP is quantized at either 0 or π if one of the inversion centers is selected as the origin. Its value depends on the choice of origin location of the unit cell. However, the dependence of the TZP on the choice of the inversion center leads to ambiguities in the distinguished topology. Moreover, when the origin position is not chosen to be in the center of inversion symmetry, the TZP cannot be quantized by integer multiples. A UBP is proposed to avoid this issue in advance. The quantitative value of the UBP is the same, regardless of which inversion center is selected as the origin. It can efficiently predict a topological phase change in a 1D photonic system called the unique Berry phase.
Optimal azimuthal distribution of thermal emission for efficient radiative cooling
Authors: Chen Ben , Wang Rui , Si Xuewen , Bao Ruchao , Zhan Yaohui
Published: January 2025

Directional control of thermal emission to enhance radiative cooling has recently attracted significant attention. However, the ideal emission directionality remains questionable and under-explored. This Letter employs a universal formalism to analyze typical emission patterns and their impact on radiative power, equilibrium temperature, and cooling power. Contrary to intuition, the optimal emission pattern is bipolar rather than unipolar toward the zero-degree zenith angle under conditions of reduced atmospheric transmittance and low non-radiative heat transfer coefficient, which coincides well with the intrinsic emission pattern of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) optical metamaterials. This study lays a theoretical foundation for ENZ metamaterial applications in radiative cooling and demonstrates the potential for enhancing cooling through directional thermal emission.
Laser-Induced Precision Etching of Copper-Clad Polyimide with UV Nanosecond Pulses for Flexible Thin-Film Antenna Fabrication
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhao Chenxv , YUETONG wang , Xu Kai-Da , Wang Zhijun , Fan Zhengjie , Wang Wenjun , Mei Xuesong
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a study on the fine processing of flexible thin film conformal antennas for use in aerospace and microelectronics applications. Current methods for processing these types of antennas have different degrees of defects, but the use of a UV-nanosecond laser offers several advantages, such as high photon energy, non-contact processing, and a small heat-affected zone. In this study, we conducted a technical analysis of the circuit structure of radar flexible thin film antennas through UV-nanosecond laser direct writing and achieved controlled processing of large-format radar flexible thin film conformal antennas. We built a UV-nanosecond laser processing system platform and carried out studies on both the single-line removal process and small-format fine removal. The surface roughness of polyimide was successfully reduced to 0.55μm, the contour accuracy was controlled to within 10μm, and high-quality processing of complex patterns was achieved. Based on these findings, we conducted research on the large-format flexible thin film antenna pattern splicing process and successfully controlled the contour error of large-format flexible thin film antennas within ±8µm, the splicing error within 2µm, and the surface roughness within 0.4µm. Furthermore, we obtained a result by removing copper plating in a non-conductive position. Ultimately, the flexible film processing method produces large-format flexible film antennas of high quality with little roughness, good surface consistency, and no noticeable processing markings at the splices.