bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The small molecule ISRIB rescues the stability and activity of Vanishing White Matter Disease eIF2B mutant complexes
Authors: Wong Yao Liang , LeBon Lauren , Edalji Rohinton , Lim Hock Ben , Sun Chaohong , Sidrauski Carmela
Published: February 2018

eIF2B is a dedicated guanine nucleotide exchange factor for eIF2, the GTPase that is essential to initiate mRNA translation. The integrated stress response (ISR) signaling pathway inhibits eIF2B activity, attenuates global protein synthesis and upregulates a set of stress-response proteins. Partial loss-of-function mutations in eIF2B cause a neurodegenerative disorder called Vanishing White Matter Disease (VWMD). Previously, we showed that the small molecule ISRIB is a specific activator of eIF2B (Sidrauski et al., 2015). Here, we report that various VWMD mutations destabilize the decameric eIF2B holoenzyme and impair its enzymatic activity. ISRIB stabilizes VWMD mutant eIF2B in the decameric form and restores the residual catalytic activity to wild-type levels. Moreover, ISRIB blocks activation of the ISR in cells carrying these mutations. As such, ISRIB promises to be an invaluable tool in proof-of-concept studies aiming to ameliorate defects resulting from inappropriate or pathological activation of the ISR.
Depressive symptoms and web user experience
Authors: Thielsch Meinald T. , Thielsch Carolin
Published: February 2018

Background

Depression, as one of the most prevalent mental disorders, is expected to become a leading cause of disability. While evidence-based treatments are not always easily accessible, Internet-based information and self-help appears as a promising approach to improve the strained supply situation by avoiding barriers of traditional offline treatment. User experience in the domain of mental problems therefore emerges as an important research topic. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on subjective and objective measures of web user experience.

Method

In this two-part online study (Ntotal = 721) we investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms of web users and basic website characteristics (i.e., content, subjective and objective usability, aesthetics). Participants completed search and memory tasks on different fully-functional websites. In addition, they were asked to evaluate the given websites with standardized measures and were screened for symptoms of depression using the PHQ-9. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine whether depression severity affects users’ perception of and performance in using information websites.

Results

We found significant associations between depressive symptoms and subjective user experience, specifically of website content, usability, and aesthetics, as well as an effect of content perception on the overall appraisal of a website in terms of the intention to visit it again. Small yet significant negative effects of depression severity on all named subjective website evaluations were revealed, leading to an indirect negative effect on the intention to revisit a website via impaired content perceptions. However, objective task performance was not influenced by depressiveness of users.

Discussion

Depression emerges as capable of altering the subjective perception of a website to some extend with respect to the main features content, usability, and aesthetics. The user experience of a website is crucial, especially as it facilitates revisiting a website and thus might be relevant in avoiding drop-out in online interventions. Thus, the biased impression of persons affected by symptoms of depression and resulting needs of those users should be considered when designing and evaluating E-(Mental)-Health-platforms. The high prevalence of some mental disorders such as depression in the general population stresses the need for further investigations of the found effects.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗМЕРОВ Z-ФОРМЫ ЗАЛИВА НА ОТЛОЖЕНИЕ ДОННЫХ ОСАДКОВ ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ВОЛН, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Зайцев А.И. , Куркин А. А. , Пелиновский Е. Н. , Ялчинер А. , Киан Р.
Published: February 2018

Распространение цунами в прибрежных зонах приводит к подъёму и падению уровня воды, сильным по' токам, силовому воздействию, морфологическим изменениям (эрозия, смещение), а также резонансным коле' баниям в портах и гаванях. Именно в них часто проявляются опасные природные явления с разрушительными последствиями. Особо отметим морфологические изменения морского дна и берегов под действием волн цунами. Характер движения донных осадков характеризуется числом Рауза, зависящим от скорости водного потока в волнах. Существующие модели расчета волн цунами обычно выдают смещение водной поверхности и скорость частиц в воде. В данной работе расчет числа Рауза включен в программный комплекс NAMI-DANCE исследования распространения волн цунами на основе нелинейных уравнений мелкой воды. В результате удается характеризовать степень изменения морского дна без дополнительного решения морфологических уравнений для донных осадков. Численно изучается волновой режим и транспорт наносов в водных бассейнах так называемого L-типа при подходе одиночной волны цунами различного периода. Показывается, что наиболее сильный отклик происходит на резонансных частотах и особенно в критической зоне сопряжения двух прямоугольных участков бассейна. Именно в этих местах и происходят наибольшие морфологические изменения морского дна, что следует из вычисления числа Рауза.
Физическое моделирование воздействия волн цунами на береговые сооружения, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Кантаржи И. Г. , Акулинин А. Н.
Published: February 2018

Исследование цунами - чрезвычайно важная прикладная задача. Даже частичное решение данной задачи позволит значительно смягчить катастрофические разрушения и снизить число человеческих жертв после этого природного явления. При изучении явления цунами физическое моделирование часто дает дополнительную информацию по сравнению с численным моделированием. Прежде всего, это информация о взаимодействии цунами с сооружениями сложной конструкции, а также о возможных разрушениях этих сооружений. Такая информация может быть получена с помощью CFD, методом численного моделирования. Однако модель CFD тоже нуждается в верификации лабораторными данными. При физическом моделировании волн цунами целесообразно использовать опыт лабораторного и численного изучения ветрового волнения. Существует большое количество способов генерации волн цунами в лаборатории. Наиболее распространен и изучен способ генерации волн при помощи скользящего с наклонной поверхности блока. Также применяется метод генерации волн с помощью специальных лопаток или щитов. Сравнительно недавно был разработан принципиально новый способ моделирования цунами при помощи пневматического цунами-генератора, который приставляет собой бак с вакуумным насосом. У каждого из вышеперечисленных методов есть свои преимущества и недостатки.
Определение коэффициента динамичности при воздействии бора на оградительное сооружение гравитационного типа, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Рутман Ю. Л. , Фильков В. Ю.
Published: February 2018

В теоретических и экспериментальных исследованиях, посвященных нагрузкам от обрушенной волны на гидротехнические и береговые сооружения при воздействии цунами, как правило не учитывался динамический эффект, обусловленный податливостью сооружения и основания. На основании анализа современных публикаций была установлена обобщенная зависимость равнодействующей давления обрушенной волны (бора) на сооружение от времени. Реакция сооружения на воздействие бора зависит от временного характера нагружения и жесткости системы «грунт-сооружение». Произведена численная оценка динамического эффекта при различных значениях скорости нагружения и жесткости системы на примере оградительного мола, выполненного из массивов-гигантов. Были рассмотрены различные грунтовые основания, соответствующие возможным условиям строительства. В качестве расчетной схемы сооружения было показано абсолютно жесткое тело на упругом основании, обладающее двумя степенями свободы - смещением в горизонтальном направлении и поворотом в плоскости, перпендикулярной оси мола. Рассматривались собственные колебания, соответствующие низшему тону с учетом инерционного влияния воды. Из результатов выполненных в статье исследований следует, что при определении нагрузок от бора на оградительные сооружения следует учитывать их динамический характер. В рамках консервативной оценки при приближенных расчетах допускается принимать значение коэффициента динамичности равное двум.
Evaluating Impacts of Recent Arctic Sea Ice Loss on the Northern Hemisphere Winter Climate Change
Authors: Ogawa Fumiaki , Keenlyside Noel , Gao Yongqi , Koenigk Torben , Yang Shuting , Suo Lingling , Wang Tao , Gastineau Guillaume , Nakamura Tetsu , Cheung Ho Nam , Omrani Nour‐Eddine , Ukita Jinro , Semenov Vladimir
Published: February 2018

Wide disagreement among individual modeling studies has contributed to a debate on the role of recent sea ice loss in the Arctic amplification of global warming and the Siberian wintertime cooling trend. We perform coordinated experiments with six atmospheric general circulation models forced by the observed and climatological daily sea ice concentration and sea surface temperature. The results indicate that the impact of the recent sea ice decline is rather limited to the high‐latitude lower troposphere in winter, and the sea ice changes do not significantly lead to colder winters over Siberia. The observed wintertime Siberian temperature and corresponding circulation trends are reproduced in a small number of ensemble members but not by the multimodel ensemble mean, suggesting that atmospheric internal dynamics could have played a major role in the observed trends.
Age of the Subducting Philippine Sea Slab and Mechanism of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes
Authors: Hua Yuanyuan , Zhao Dapeng , Xu Yixian , Liu Xin
Published: February 2018

Nonvolcanic low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) usually occur in young and warm subduction zones under condition of near‐lithostatic pore fluid pressure. However, the relation between the LFEs and the subducting slab age has never been documented so far. Here we estimate the lithospheric age of the subducting Philippine Sea (PHS) slab beneath the Nankai arc by linking seismic tomography and a plate reconstruction model. Our results show that the LFEs in SW Japan take place in young parts (~17–26 Myr) of the PHS slab. However, no LFE occurs beneath the Kii channel where the PHS slab is very young (~15 Myr) and thin (~29 km), forming an LFE gap there. According to the present results and previous works, we think that the LFE gap at the Kii channel is caused by joint effects of several factors, including the youngest slab age, high temperature, low fluid content, high permeability of the overlying plate, a slab tear, and hot upwelling flow below the PHS slab.
Historical Tropospheric and Stratospheric Ozone Radiative Forcing Using the CMIP6 Database
Authors: Checa‐Garcia Ramiro , Hegglin Michaela I. , Kinnison Douglas , Plummer David A. , Shine Keith P.
Published: February 2018

We calculate ozone radiative forcing (RF) and stratospheric temperature adjustments for the period 1850–2014 using the newly available Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) ozone data set. The CMIP6 total ozone RF (1850s to 2000s) is 0.28 ± 0.17 W m−2 (which is 80% higher than our CMIP5 estimation), and 0.30 ± 0.17 W m−2 out to the present day (2014). The total ozone RF grows rapidly until the 1970s, slows toward the 2000s, and shows a renewed growth thereafter. Since the 1990s the shortwave RF exceeds the longwave RF. Global stratospheric ozone RF is positive between 1930 and 1970 and then turns negative but remains positive in the Northern Hemisphere throughout. Derived stratospheric temperature changes show a localized cooling in the subtropical lower stratosphere due to tropospheric ozone increases and cooling in the upper stratosphere due to ozone depletion by more than 1 K already prior to the satellite era (1980) and by more than 2 K out to the present day (2014).
Turbulent and Laminar Flow in Karst Conduits Under Unsteady Flow Conditions: Interpretation of Pumping Tests by Discrete Conduit‐Continuum Modeling
Authors: Giese M. , Reimann T. , Bailly‐Comte V. , Maréchal J.‐C. , Sauter M. , Geyer T.
Published: February 2018

Due to the duality in terms of (1) the groundwater flow field and (2) the discharge conditions, flow patterns of karst aquifer systems are complex. Estimated aquifer parameters may differ by several orders of magnitude from local (borehole) to regional (catchment) scale because of the large contrast in hydraulic parameters between matrix and conduit, their heterogeneity and anisotropy. One approach to deal with the scale effect problem in the estimation of hydraulic parameters of karst aquifers is the application of large‐scale experiments such as long‐term high‐abstraction conduit pumping tests, stimulating measurable groundwater drawdown in both, the karst conduit system as well as the fractured matrix. The numerical discrete conduit‐continuum modeling approach MODFLOW‐2005 Conduit Flow Process Mode 1 (CFPM1) is employed to simulate laminar and nonlaminar conduit flow, induced by large‐scale experiments, in combination with Darcian matrix flow. Effects of large‐scale experiments were simulated for idealized settings. Subsequently, diagnostic plots and analyses of different fluxes are applied to interpret differences in the simulated conduit drawdown and general flow patterns. The main focus is set on the question to which extent different conduit flow regimes will affect the drawdown in conduit and matrix depending on the hydraulic properties of the conduit system, i.e., conduit diameter and relative roughness. In this context, CFPM1 is applied to investigate the importance of considering turbulent conditions for the simulation of karst conduit flow. This work quantifies the relative error that results from assuming laminar conduit flow for the interpretation of a synthetic large‐scale pumping test in karst.
T
ruepera
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S.
Published: February 2018

True'pe.ra. N.L. fem. n.
Truepera
, named in honor of the German microbiologist Hans G. Trüper.

“Deinococcus–Thermus” / Deinococci / Deinococcales / Trueperaceae / Truepera

Cells spherical‐shaped that stain Gram‐indeterminate. Colonies are orange‐red pigmented. Nonmotile; do not possess flagella. Endospores are not formed. Alkaliphilic, slightly thermophilic, and slightly halophilic. Chemoorganotrophic. Aerobic primarily with a respiratory metabolism; strains ferment glucose to lactate via homolactic fermentation. Oxidase and catalase positive. Carbohydrates, polyols, organic acids, and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources. Major respiratory quinone is menaquinone 8 (MK‐8). Phospholipids and glycolipids are primarily glycerol based, but 1,2‐diol‐based lipids are also present. Fatty acids are
iso‐
and
anteiso‐
branched. Extremely ionizing‐radiation resistant. Isolated from hydrothermal areas.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67–68 (HPLC).

DNA G + G content (mol%)
: 68.1 (Genome sequence).

Type species
:
Truepera radiovictrix
da Costa, Rainey and Albuquerque 2005, 1744
VP
(Effective publication: Albuquerque, Simões, Nobre, Pino, Battista, Silva, Rainey and da Costa 2005, 167).
Digitization protocol for scoring reproductive phenology from herbarium specimens of seed plants
Authors: Yost Jennifer M. , Sweeney Patrick W. , Gilbert Ed , Nelson Gil , Guralnick Robert , Gallinat Amanda S. , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Rossington Natalie , Willis Charles G. , Blum Stanley D. , Walls Ramona L. , Haston Elspeth M. , Denslow Michael W. , Zohner Constantin M. , Morris Ashley B. , Stucky Brian J. , Carter J. Richard , Baxter David G. , Bolmgren Kjell , Denny Ellen G. , Dean Ellen , Pearson Katelin D. , Davis Charles C. , Mishler Brent D. , Soltis Pamela S. , Mazer Susan J.
Published: February 2018

Premise of the Study

Herbarium specimens provide a robust record of historical plant phenology (the timing of seasonal events such as flowering or fruiting). However, the difficulty of aggregating phenological data from specimens arises from a lack of standardized scoring methods and definitions for phenological states across the collections community.

Methods and Results

To address this problem, we report on a consensus reached by an iDigBio working group of curators, researchers, and data standards experts regarding an efficient scoring protocol and a data‐sharing protocol for reproductive traits available from herbarium specimens of seed plants. The phenological data sets generated can be shared via Darwin Core Archives using the Extended MeasurementOrFact extension.

Conclusions

Our hope is that curators and others interested in collecting phenological trait data from specimens will use the recommendations presented here in current and future scoring efforts. New tools for scoring specimens are reviewed.
A Permanent Seat at the Table: The Role of Sustainability in the Boardroom
Authors: Taddune Gillan
Published: February 2018

COMPANIES ARE TAKING NOTE OF THE NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES, ADDRESSING ENERGY AND WATER CONSERVATION USING A TOP‐DOWN APPROACH FROM THE BOARDROOM.
Hybrid and total endovascular repair of the aortic arch
Authors: Rudarakanchana N. , Jenkins M. P.
Published: February 2018

Background

Recent advances in endovascular technology have enabled minimally invasive repair of the aortic arch, with specifically designed stent-grafts. This article reviews hybrid and total endovascular repair in the management of aortic arch pathology.

Methods

Studies relating to aortic arch management were identified using MEDLINE and Embase, focusing on endovascular repair.

Results

Hybrid arch repair is associated with an early mortality rate of some 12 per cent, and carries significant risk of stroke (up to 15 per cent), paraplegia (up to 6 per cent), retrograde dissection (up to 6·5 per cent) and proximal endoleak (6 per cent). Despite patients being of overall higher perioperative risk, hybrid repair has morbidity and early mortality rates comparable to those of open arch replacement. However, rates of freedom from aortic rupture or reintervention are significantly lower in the longer term, owing to the incidence of endoleak. Total endovascular arch repair may be achieved by the use of parallel stents or in situ fenestration in the emergency setting, or use of custom-made devices (scalloped, fenestrated or branched stent-grafts) in the elective setting. Reports of these relatively novel technologies suggest acceptable short-term outcomes, but long-term data are still awaited.

Conclusion

Repair of aortic arch pathology presents a formidable challenge for endovascular technology. Open aortic arch repair remains the standard in younger, fitter patients, but endovascular technology and experience continue to evolve with encouraging early outcomes and expanding indications.
Optimized wound closure using a biomechanical abdominal model
Authors: Cooney G. M. , Kiernan A. , Winter D. C. , Simms C. K.
Published: February 2018

Background

Suturing techniques for midline abdominal wall incisions vary between surgeons. This study uses a biomechanical abdominal model to assess tissue stretch using different suturing techniques for midline laparotomy closure.

Methods

Deformation tests were performed on the linea alba of 48 porcine abdominal walls. Each pattern was tested three times at pressures ranging from 0 to 20 kPa using different continuous suturing techniques and a control.

Results

There was a sevenfold improvement when the best performing bite separation and bite width ([5, 16] mm) was compared with the most poorly performing combination ([15, 4] mm). The traditional bite and width separation ([10, 10] mm) and the recently proposed combination ([5, 5] mm) may not be optimal, and substantial improvements in surgical outcome may be achieved by changing to a [5,16]-mm combination.

Conclusion

These findings suggest using a small bite separation (5 mm) and large bite width (16 mm) during abdominal wound closure may be optimal. Surgical relevanceSuturing techniques for midline abdominal wall incisions vary between surgeons. This experimental study suggests substantial potential for improved tissue apposition by changing the suturing approach from the traditional clinical recommendation of 10 mm for both bite separation and bite width to a bite separation of 5 mm and a bite width of 16 mm. These findings support recent European Hernia Society guidelines and the recent randomized STITCH (Suture Techniques to Reduce the Incidence of The inCisional Hernia) trial, which found that small separations are more effective than large separations, but suggest that they should be combined with large bite depths.
Synthesis of Alpha‐trifluoromethylthio Carbonyl Compounds: A Survey of the Methods for the Direct Introduction of the SCF3 Group on to Organic Molecules
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Puglisi Alessandra , Raimondi Laura , Benaglia Maurizio
Published: February 2018

The role of fluorine atoms in drug discovery has become of fundamental importance, due to their ability to confer unprecedented therapeutic profiles on a molecule. In this framework, the trifluoromethylthio group (SCF3) is attracting an increasing attention in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material chemistry and it is commonly used to modulate lipophilicity, bioavailability and metabolic stability of newly designed molecules. Actually, several drugs whose biological activity is strictly related to the presence of a SCF3 residue in the molecular scaffold are already on the market. Despite trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl derivatives present a high potential of application in medicinal chemistry, synthetic approaches to α‐SCF3‐substituted carbonyl compounds are still limited, and catalytic strategies to access optically active functionalized carbonyl compounds are almost unexplored. The present review will discuss the use of radical, nucleophilic and electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagents, to synthesize decorated trifluoromethylthio carbonyl derivatives, with a particular attention on catalytic methodologies and stereoselective methods affording enantiomerically enriched molecules.
Experimental Analysis of the Relation between Rheological Properties of Suspensions and their Microstructure
Authors: Krauss Hans‐Werner , Dreßler Inka , Budelmann Harald
Published: February 2018

Verschiedene Faktoren beeinflussen das Verhalten von feststoffreichen Suspensionen. Unter anderem gelten der Einfluss der Schergeschichte, die Feststoffkonzentration und der Agglomeratdurchmesser als wesentliche Einflussgrößen. In dieser Studie werden die genannten Parameter und deren Auswirkung auf die Mikrostruktur und die makrorheologischen Eigenschaften von feststoffreichen Kalksteinmehlsuspensionen untersucht. Hierfür wird im Rheometer die Partikelgrößenverteilung in situ mittels ORM‐Sonde aufgenommen.
A Quasi‐3D compartmental multi‐scale approach to detect and quantify diseased regional lung constriction using spirometry data
Authors: Kannan Ravishekar (Ravi) , Singh Narender , Przekwas Andrzej
Published: February 2018

Spirometry is a widely used pulmonary function test to detect the airflow limitations associated with various obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even obesity‐related complications. These conditions arise due to the change in the airway resistance, alveolar compliance, and inductance values. Currently, zero‐dimensional compartmental models are commonly used for calibrating these resistance, compliance, and inductance values, ie, solving the inverse spirometry problem. However, zero‐dimensional compartments cannot capture the flow physics or the spatial geometry effects, thereby generating a low fidelity prediction of the diseased lung. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models offer higher fidelity solutions but may be impractical for certain applications due to the duration of these simulations. Recently, a novel, fast‐running, and robust Quasi‐3D (Q3D) wire model for simulating the airflow in the human lung airway was developed by CFD Research Corporation. This Q3D method preserved the 3D spatial nature of the airways and was favorably validated against CFD solutions. In the present study, the Q3D compartmental multi‐scale combination is further improved to predict regional lung constriction of diseased lungs using spirometry data. The Q3D mesh is resolved up to the eighth lung airway generation. The remainder of the airways and the alveoli sections are modeled using a compartmental approach. The Q3D geometry is then split into different spatial sections, and the resistance values in these regions are obtained using parameter inversion. Finally, the airway diameter values are then reduced to create the actual diseased lung model, corresponding to these resistance values. This diseased lung model can be used for patient‐specific drug deposition predictions and the subsequent optimization of the orally inhaled drug products.
Integrating multiple disciplines to understand effects of anthropogenic noise on animal communication
Authors: Rosa Patricia , Koper Nicola
Published: February 2018

Anthropogenic noise is pervasive and may affect wildlife in many ways. Anthropogenic noise also adds to the acoustic environment's complexity, making it more difficult for animals to detect and discriminate among important signals. By integrating knowledge gained from research in experimental psychoacoustics, psychophysics, and neurophysiology into applied ecology, we can refine our understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic noise on wild populations. A multidisciplinary approach is particularly important for understanding signal perception, masking, auditory scene analysis, multimodal communication, and cross‐modal interference. We demonstrate the benefits of using knowledge gained from a variety of different disciplines to understand masking effects of anthropogenic noise using our research on effects of petroleum infrastructure on grassland songbirds. Incorporating knowledge from diverse disciplines and involving several taxa, including humans, can help inform ecological conservation and management practices, and has the potential to help researchers generate novel and effective mitigation measures to counter negative effects of noise.
Positioning for College Success: The Evaluation of the Princeton University Preparatory Program's Work With High‐Achieving, Low‐Income Students
Authors: Millett Catherine M. , Kevelson Marisol J. C.
Published: February 2018

In summer 2015, Princeton University contracted with Educational Testing Service (ETS) to conduct an evaluation of the Princeton University Preparatory Program (PUPP), the college access program developed by Princeton University faculty and staff. The mixed‐method ETS evaluation of PUPP included the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data on the program and its participants. Data revealed that the PUPP model is perceived by a majority of participants and stakeholders as a well‐designed and comprehensive program with effective practices, in particular the highly personalized nature of its services—lasting more than 3 years—and its strong emphasis on personal relationships. PUPP activities and instruction are viewed as high quality and rigorous. PUPP participants and stakeholders describe the program as highly beneficial for participants' academic and social–emotional skills and cultural knowledge and for their access to and preparation for college. Outcomes analyses confirm that participants tend to demonstrate strong academic outcomes and succeed in college. Participants also report attending more selective colleges than they otherwise would have, largely due to the supports provided by PUPP.
College Access Program Alumni Reflect on Their Experiences in the Program and Its Impact on Their Skills and College Outcomes
Authors: Millett Catherine M. , Saunders Stephanie R. , Kevelson Marisol J. C.
Published: February 2018

An evaluation of the Princeton University Preparatory Program (PUPP), a college access program for low‐income and high‐achieving public high school students, yielded favorable findings regarding the perceptions of program alumni. PUPP Alumni Survey respondents (N = 126) reported that PUPP had positively impacted their development of academic and social–emotional skills and their knowledge of college admissions and financial aid application processes and that they attended and graduated from college, including selective colleges, after completing PUPP. Some PUPP alumni believe that the program made college attendance a reality for them, while others believe PUPP enabled them to attend a more selective college than they otherwise would have. Although alumni were not immune from continued challenges, both financial and academic, during college, they tended to attribute their college enrollment and graduation successes at least in part to the personalized supports and resources PUPP provided.
Lessons learned from an aquifer storage and recovery program
Authors: Rydman Dave
Published: February 2018

Utilities can apply the lessons learned from three seasons of an aquifer storage and recovery program at Antelope Valley, one of five Los Angeles County Waterworks Districts, in developing, regulating, or improving their own programs.
A family of small, cyclic peptides buried in preproalbumin since the Eocene epoch
Authors: Fisher Mark F. , Zhang Jingjing , Taylor Nicolas L. , Howard Mark J. , Berkowitz Oliver , Debowski Aleksandra W. , Behsaz Bahar , Whelan James , Pevzner Pavel A. , Mylne Joshua S.
Published: February 2018

Orbitides are cyclic ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides from plants; they consist of standard amino acids arranged in an unbroken chain of peptide bonds. These cyclic peptides are stable and range in size and topologies making them potential scaffolds for peptide drugs; some display valuable biological activities. Recently, two orbitides whose sequences were buried in those of seed storage albumin precursors were said to represent the first observable step in the evolution of larger and hydrophilic bicyclic peptides. Here, guided by transcriptome data, we investigated peptide extracts of 40 species specifically for the more hydrophobic orbitides and confirmed 44 peptides by tandem mass spectrometry, as well as obtaining solution structures for four of them by nuclear magnetic resonance. Acquiring transcriptomes from the phylogenetically important Corymbioideae subfamily confirmed the precursor genes for the peptides (called PawS1‐Like or PawL1) are confined to the Asteroideae, a subfamily of the huge plant family Asteraceae. To be confined to the Asteroideae indicates these peptides arose during the Eocene epoch around 45 Mya. Unlike other orbitides, all PawL‐derived Peptides contain an Asp residue, needed for processing by asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP). This study has revealed what is likely to be a very large new family of orbitides, uniquely buried alongside albumin and processed by AEP.
Transient Current Response for ZnO Nanorod‐Based Doubly Transparent UV Sensor Fabricated on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Rana Abu ul Hassan Sarwar , Lee Ji Young , Hong You‐Pyo , Kim Hyun‐Seok
Published: February 2018

We present the transient current response for a ZnO nanorod‐based doubly transparent UV sensor. ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) are sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to make the device doubly transparent on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The average ZNR length and diameter are 1.7 μm and 62 nm, respectively, and the ITO is perfectly sputtered upon ZNR surface. All the ZNRs are c‐axis oriented perpendicular to the substrate with a typical hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure. Photoluminescence spectra show a typical high‐intensity peak near 375 nm and a broad peak in the visible region. UV sensing is confirmed by testing ZNR current–voltage characteristics and transient current response under UV on–off conditions for straight and inflexed ZNRs. The sensor shows a 2.3 times increase in current intensity under UV illumination at 4 V. The transient current shows a typical sinusoidal wave‐like response with three prominent regions under constant voltage supply. The recovery time is almost five‐times of the response time, which confirms the five‐times faster boundary hole trapping in the sensor than their release on the flexible substrate. Also, the current intensity decreases for an unilluminated flexed device and increases for an UV‐illuminated flexed device because of strain‐induced ZNR piezotronic effects under flexible deformation.
Gibbs partitions: The convergent case
Authors: Stufler Benedikt
Published: February 2018

We study Gibbs partitions that typically form a unique giant component. The remainder is shown to converge in total variation toward a Boltzmann‐distributed limit structure. We demonstrate how this setting encompasses arbitrary weighted assemblies of tree‐like combinatorial structures. As an application, we establish smooth growth along lattices for small block‐stable classes of graphs. Random graphs with n vertices from such classes are shown to form a giant connected component. The small fragments may converge toward different Poisson Boltzmann limit graphs, depending along which lattice we let n tend to infinity. Since proper addable minor‐closed classes of graphs belong to the more general family of small block‐stable classes, this recovers and generalizes results by McDiarmid (2009).
Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells by Formation of Conformal Contacts between PEDOT:PSS and Periodic Silicon Nanopyramid Arrays
Authors: Wang Xixi , Liu Zhaolang , Yang Zhenhai , He Jian , Yang Xi , Yu Tianbao , Gao Pingqi , Ye Jichun
Published: February 2018

Surface nanotexturing with excellent light‐trapping property is expected to significantly increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells. However, limited by the serious surface recombination arising from the greatly enlarged surface area, the silicon (Si) nanotexturing‐based solar cells cannot yet achieve satisfactory high efficiency, which is more prominent in organic/Si hybrid solar cells (HSCs) where a uniform polymer layer can rarely be conformably coated on nanotextured substrate. Here, the HSCs featuring advanced surface texture of periodic upright nanopyramid (UNP) arrays and hole‐conductive conjugated polymers, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), are investigated. The tetramethylammonium hydroxide etching is used to smooth the surface morphologies of the Si‐UNPs, leading to reduced surface defect states. The uniform Si‐UNPs together with silane chemical‐incorporated PEDOT:PSS solution enable the simultaneous realization of excellent broadband light absorption as well as enhanced electrical contact between the textured Si and the conducting polymer. The resulting PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs textured with UNP arrays show a promising power conversion efficiency of 13.8%, significantly higher than 12.1% of the cells based on the‐state‐of‐the‐art surface texture with random pyramids. These results provide a viable route toward shape‐controlled nanotexturing‐based high‐performance organic/Si HSCs.
A new small captorhinid reptile from the lower Permian of Oklahoma and resource partitioning among small captorhinids in the Richards Spur fauna
Authors: Modesto Sean P. , Scott Diane , Reisz Robert R.
Published: February 2018

Two partial reptile skulls and six dentigerous fragments from the lower Permian Richards Spur locality of Oklahoma represent a new genus and species of small captorhinid reptile. Labidosauriscus richardi gen. et sp. nov. is distinguished from other captorhinids in the reduction of the height of the ridges forming the characteristic net‐like, ridge‐and‐pit cranial sculpturing of captorhinids, and the superimposition of a system of finer pits and furrows over the primary ridge‐and‐pit cranial ornamentation. Labidosauriscus richardi shares with C. laticeps a post‐caniniform tooth morphology characterized by convex mesial and distal carinae that form a distinctly asymmetrical apex in labial aspect. The description of L. richardi brings to six the number of captorhinid species known from the productive Richards Spur fissure‐fill locality. Each of these species exhibits a distinctive post‐caniniform tooth morphology (or multiplication of these teeth), which is consonant with the hypothesis of resource partitioning among the small faunivorous and omnivorous captorhinids at Richards Spur. As an ‘exhumed early Permian hill’, Richards Spur provides a unique window into early reptile diversification in a distinctive upland environment that is rarely preserved in the tetrapod fossil record.
Association Between Healthcare-Associated Infection and Exposure to Hospital Roommates and Previous Bed Occupants with the Same Organism
Authors: Cohen Bevin , Liu Jianfang , Cohen Adam Ross , Larson Elaine
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the association between having a prior bed occupant or roommate with a positive blood, respiratory, urine, or wound culture and subsequent infection with the same organism.

DESIGN

Case-control study.

SETTING

The study included 4 hospitals within an academically affiliated network in New York City, including a community hospital (221 beds), a pediatric acute-care hospital (283 beds), an adult tertiary-/quaternary-care hospital (647 beds), and a pediatric and adult tertiary-/quaternary-care hospital (914 beds).

PATIENTS

All 761,426 inpatients discharged from 2006 to 2012 were eligible. Cases included all patients who developed a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) with Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, or Enterococcus faecium. Controls were uninfected patients matched by fiscal quarter, hospital, and length of stay. For each bed occupied during the 3–5-day period prior to infection, microbiology results for assigned roommates and the patient who occupied the bed immediately prior to the case were collected. For controls, the day of infection of the matched case served as the reference point.

RESULTS

In total, 10,289 HAIs were identified. In a multivariable analysis controlling for both exposures and patient characteristics, the odds of cases having been exposed to a prior bed occupant with the same organism were 5.83 times that of controls (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.62–9.39), and the odds of cases having been exposed to a roommate with the same organism were 4.82 times that of controls (95% CI, 3.67–6.34).

CONCLUSION

Infected or colonized roommates and prior occupants do pose a risk, which may warrant enhanced terminal and intermittent cleaning measures.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:541–546
Stable-isotope analysis: a neglected tool for placing parasites in food webs
Authors: Sabadel A.J.M. , Stumbo A.D. , MacLeod C.D.
Published: February 2018

Parasites are often overlooked in the construction of food webs, despite their ubiquitous presence in almost every type of ecosystem. Researchers who do recognize their importance often struggle to include parasites using classical food-web theory, mainly due to the parasites' multiple hosts and life stages. A novel approach using compound-specific stable-isotope analysis promises to provide considerable insight into the energetic exchanges of parasite and host, which may solve some of the issues inherent in incorporating parasites using a classical approach. Understanding the role of parasites within food webs, and tracing the associated biomass transfers, are crucial to constructing new models that will expand our knowledge of food webs. This mini-review focuses on stable-isotope studies published in the past decade, and introduces compound-specific stable-isotope analysis as a powerful, but underutilized, newly developed tool that may answer many unresolved questions regarding the role of parasites in food webs.
What do we know about the life-history traits of widely hunted tropical mammals?
Authors: van Vliet Nathalie , Nasi Robert
Published: February 2018

We synthesize information on parameters useful for managing the hunting of two common mammal species that are important for local people in the Neotropics and Africa:Cuniculus pacaandPhilantomba monticola, respectively. We highlight the scarcity of data available on the parameters needed to manage these two species sustainably. As most of the studies were conducted > 40 years ago, we stress the need to supplement the information available using methodological and technical innovations. In particular, we call for new assessments covering the possible variations in parameter values across the species’ distribution ranges, and covering various anthropogenic contexts, to test density-dependent and compensatory processes that may explain the resilience of these species to hunting.
Dynamic networks of PTSD symptoms during conflict
Authors: Greene Talya , Gelkopf Marc , Epskamp Sacha , Fried Eiko
Published: February 2018

Background

Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as a dynamic system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the way that PTSD develops and is maintained in traumatized individuals. We present the first study to apply a multilevel network model to produce an exploratory empirical conceptualization of dynamic networks of PTSD symptoms, using data collected during a period of conflict.

Methods

Intensive longitudinal assessment data were collected during the Israel–Gaza War in July–August 2014. The final sample (n = 96) comprised a general population sample of Israeli adult civilians exposed to rocket fire. Participants completed twice-daily reports of PTSD symptoms via smartphone for 30 days. We used a multilevel vector auto-regression model to produce contemporaneous and temporal networks, and a partial correlation network model to obtain a between-subjects network.

Results

Multilevel network analysis found strong positive contemporaneous associations between hypervigilance and startle response, avoidance of thoughts and avoidance of reminders, and between flashbacks and emotional reactivity. The temporal network indicated the central role of startle response as a predictor of future PTSD symptomatology, together with restricted affect, blame, negative emotions, and avoidance of thoughts. There were some notable differences between the temporal and contemporaneous networks, including the presence of a number of negative associations, particularly from blame. The between-person network indicated flashbacks and emotional reactivity to be the most central symptoms.

Conclusions

This study suggests various symptoms that could potentially be driving the development of PTSD. We discuss clinical implications such as identifying particular symptoms as targets for interventions.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. treatment as usual in adults with ADHD: a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Janssen Lotte , Kan Cornelis C. , Carpentier Pieter J. , Sizoo Bram , Hepark Sevket , Schellekens Melanie P.J. , Donders A. Rogier T. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Speckens Anne E.M.
Published: February 2018

Background

There is a high need for evidence-based psychosocial treatments for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to offer alongside treatment as usual (TAU). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a promising psychosocial treatment. This trial investigated the efficacy of MBCT + TAU v. TAU in reducing core symptoms in adults with ADHD.

Methods

A multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02463396). Participants were randomly assigned to MBCT + TAU (n = 60), an 8-weekly group therapy including meditation exercises, psychoeducation and group discussions, or TAU only (n = 60), which reflected usual treatment in the Netherlands and included pharmacotherapy and/or psychoeducation. Primary outcome was ADHD symptoms rated by blinded clinicians. Secondary outcomes included self-reported ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, positive mental health and general functioning. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, 3- and 6-month follow-up. Post-treatment effects at group and individual level, and follow-up effects were examined.

Results

In MBCT + TAU patients, a significant reduction of clinician-rated ADHD symptoms was found at post-treatment [M difference = −3.44 (−5.75, −1.11), p = 0.004, d = 0.41]. This effect was maintained until 6-month follow-up. More MBCT + TAU (27%) than TAU participants (4%) showed a ⩽30% reduction of ADHD symptoms (p = 0.001). MBCT + TAU patients compared with TAU patients also reported significant improvements in ADHD symptoms, mindfulness skills, self-compassion and positive mental health at post-treatment, which were maintained until 6-month follow-up. Although patients in MBCT + TAU compared with TAU reported no improvement in executive functioning at post-treatment, they did report improvement at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions

MBCT might be a valuable treatment option alongside TAU for adult ADHD aimed at alleviating symptoms.
Screening auf okkulte Neoplasien bei Patienten mit unprovozierter venöser Thromboembolie
Authors: Šarinayová Svetlana
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung. Eine unprovozierte venöse Thromboembolie (VTE) kann das erste Zeichen einer Neoplasie sein. Bei 5–10 % der Patienten wird in den nachfolgenden zwölf Monaten eine Krebserkrankung diagnostiziert. Bei allen Patienten nach einer unprovozierten VTE sollte deshalb eine gründliche Anamnese, eine sorgfältige klinische Untersuchung, eine Blutanalyse (Blutbild mit Blutausstrich, Leberenzyme, Kalzium), der Urinstatus und ein Thorax-Röntgen durchgeführt werden. Zusätzlich sollten ergänzend, je nach Alter und Geschlecht, die spezifischen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen (Darm, Zervix, Mamma und Prostata) vorgenommen werden. Alle auffälligen Befunde sollten weiter abgeklärt werden. Für eine noch aggressivere Tumorsuche konnte bislang kein Vorteil in Hinsicht auf die Tumordetektionsrate oder auf die Senkung der krebsbedingten Mortalität gezeigt werden.
One of World’s Oldest Animals Records Ocean Climate Change
Authors: Kumar Mohi
Published: February 2018

Researchers probe millennia-old deep-ocean sponges for links between ocean nutrients and climate.
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: a comprehensive updated review of the literature and case report
Authors: Truschnegg Astrid , Acham Stephan , Kqiku Lumnije , Jakse Norbert , Beham Alfred
Published: February 2018

Prompted by a unique case of an ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) of the palate in a 54-year-old female, we reviewed the English and German literature on this entity until the end of 2016 using PubMed. The search produced 74 lingual cases with a nearly equal sex distribution and a mean age of 39.3 years, and two extra-lingual cases sharing histological and immunohistological features including nodular growth, round, fusiform or spindle-shaped cellular architecture, and chondromyxoid stroma. Immunophenotyping showed the majority of cases to be positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, glycoprotein CD57, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA); in isolated cases there was molecular-genetic rearrangement or gain of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) but no rearrangement of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). At present, ectomesenchymal cells that migrate from the neural crest are considered to play a pivotal role in tumor origin. All cases had a benign course, although there were three recurrences. Because of the rarity of this tumor and the need for differential diagnostic differentiation from myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma, both oral surgeons and pathologists should be aware of this entity.