bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tolerant Solidarity With Violent Protesters: Evidence From a Survey Experiment
Authors: Yuen Samson
Published: February 2023

Conventional wisdom holds that violent protests alienate the public. But violence could also create tactical disagreement among protesters and weaken their unity. So, to what extent does protesters’ use of violence erode intra-movement cohesion? This article argues that protesters can preserve cohesion by falsifying their private moral preferences and restraining themselves from public denunciation, an act which I characterize as ‘tolerant solidarity’. Based on a survey experiment on participants of Hong Kong’s 2019 protests, I examine how their private and public preferences toward violence change in response to three divisive conditions: protesters taking the initiative, violence causing physical harm, and violence targeting counter-protesters. Results show while these divisive conditions make respondents more likely to morally disapprove violence, the effects are weaker in their support for public denunciation, an indication that their private preferences are partially concealed. Findings contribute to the study of contentious politics by advancing a more complex understanding of movement cohesion when protester violence is involved.
Recruiting Rebels: Introducing the Rebel Appeals and Incentives Dataset
Authors: Soules Michael J.
Published: February 2023

There is an extensive body of literature examining how rebel groups recruit civilians. Much of this scholarly work focuses on the role of material and ideological appeals in mobilizing recruits. However, despite expectations about the importance of recruitment processes, there is currently a lack of data on the persuasive recruitment practices of a large cross-section of groups, making it difficult to test a variety of implications stemming from theories about armed group recruitment. To remedy this, I developed original data—the Rebel Appeals and Incentives Dataset (RAID)—which contains information on 232 militant groups for the period 1989 to 2011. RAID details not only the specific types of recruitment appeals groups make, but the degree to which they rely on ideological appeals, relative to material incentives, for recruitment. To demonstrate the value of the dataset, I employ RAID to test two hypotheses about rebel recruitment and wartime rape derived from existing literature.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Instructional Experiences of Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disability
Authors: Root Jenny R. , Lindström Esther R. , Gilley Deidre , Chen Rui
Published: February 2023

Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) were particularly vulnerable to the school closures that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to obtain a baseline understanding of the instructional experiences of students with IDD before March of 2020 to assess the nature and degree of the pandemic’s impact. We recruited caregivers of students with IDD to complete a survey of their children’s educational experiences across three time periods (before March 2020, Spring 2020, and Fall 2020). No caregivers reported that their children had experienced remote or distance learning prior to March 2020, and the majority reported their children lost access to instruction and related services outlined in their Individualized Education Program during Spring of 2020. We report additional findings related to instruction, attitudes, and skills. Implications for future research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Initial insights of laundry detergent and additive impact on e-textile surface resistivity
Authors: Eike Rachel J , Depping Ava , Cliett Allyson , Michaelson Dawn , Li Yang
Published: February 2023

Smart clothing represents less than 1% of the multibillion dollar wearables market. This lagging representation is due to many factors; one predominant challenge which includes performance reliability post-laundering/care. Due to smart clothing intimately contacting the human body, it naturally becomes soiled and requires laundering. However, insight into the impact of consumer detergents and other additives on e-textile conductive functionality post laundering has yet to be explored. The purpose of this research was to study laundering conditions, specifically the influence of select laundry detergents and additives, on surface resistivity of select e-textiles to provide initial insights into the impact of consumer-available laundering treatments to contribute to knowledge around laundering of e-textiles. Understanding initial impacts of laundering conditions, particularly detergents and other common laundry additives can inform future studies, laundering text methods of e-textiles, and care label development.
Storage city: Water tanks, jerry cans, and batteries as infrastructure in Nairobi
Authors: Kasper Moritz , Schramm Sophie
Published: February 2023

Against the ‘normative concept of the networked city’, urban studies and infrastructure research have seen a shift towards investigations beyond the network that engage with the post-networked city, heterogeneous infrastructures, and other situations ‘on, off, below and beyond’ the grid, especially in southern cities. Expanding on debates around southern urbanisms and their socio-technical infrastructures, we explore a ubiquitous yet rarely discussed element of contemporary urban infrastructures: storage. In Nairobi, a city shaped by infrastructural heterogeneity and uncertainty, households of all backgrounds and sizes store water and electricity within various constellations of actors, practices and artefacts. We show how domestic storage, its artefacts and practices cumulate in a storage city that is not opposed to a networked or post-networked city but rather entangled with it. We present domestic storage as crucial infrastructure to the socio-technical functioning of Nairobi, discuss diverse storage artefacts and practices, and highlight how a focus on storage can contribute to re-imaginings of infrastructural articulations beyond networks and flows.
Substantial Increase in Accessibility to Essential Anticancer Medicines in Anhui, China: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xu Rixiang , Li Shuting , Mu Tingyu , Xie Xuefeng , Xu Caiming , Lv Xiongwen
Published: February 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the change in accessibility of essential anticancer medicines, from 2015 to 2018 in a pilot province for health care reform in China. Data on access to 23 essential anticancer medicines was obtained from 6 provincial tertiary hospitals. A comprehensive analysis was applied to explore these trends. The total utilization of anticancer medicines had increased by an average of 2.57 times ( P < .001) during the study period, of which targeted anticancer medicines had the fastest growth rate of 6.45 times ( P < .001). The prices of all targeted medicines and original brands (OBs) were showing a downward trend, with the average change rate of −32% and −28% respectively (both P < .001). In contrast, the price of non-targeted medicines and lowest-price generics (LPG) increased by an average of 98% ( P < .001) and 117% ( P < .004) respectively. All targeted anticancer medicines were found to be unaffordable under this standard of this study, but the affordability of these medicines is on the rise. The study suggested positive changes in the utilization, price, and affordability of the most essential anticancer medicines. In the future, comprehensive strategies need to be conducted to further increase the affordability of targeted anticancer medicines.
The Valid and Reliable Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire among the Sleman Under Five Children
Authors: Hartriyanti Yayuk , Melindha Nikita Dika , Wardani Ratri Kusuma , Ermamilia Aviria , Lestari Septi Kurnia
Published: February 2023

To examine macronutrient intake among under-five children, which is cost-effective, reliable, and validated by regional food choice and availability, we developed a new Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). We validated the Sleman Under Five Children SQ-FFQ (SUFS) compared to the 3-time 24-hour recalls (24HR) and conducted reliability tests between the first and second SUFS interviews. This study included 102 under-five children. All tests were conducted for the “12-35 months” and “36-59 months” groups. Compared to 24HR using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient, Bland Altman plots, Cross Classification and Limits of Agreement (LOA), the SUFS was valid but significantly overestimated the macro-nutrient consumption. The reliability test results using the Interclass Correlation Coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha showed moderate to good reliability (ICC and α ranged from .6 to .9), and a high correlation using Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (rho:.42-.89). The SUFS is valid compared to the 24HR and reliable for assessing macronutrient consumption for children under five.
Transparency Versus Populism
Authors: Michener Gregory
Published: February 2023

This article theorizes and analyzes the relationship between populist leaders and government transparency. Employing a paired comparison of leaders in Brazil and the United States before and during the pandemic, it illuminates three interlocking tactics: (a) the weakening of transparency institutions, (b) erasure and suppression of transparency, and (c) corruption of transparency via misuse and misinformation. Populist efforts to subvert pandemic transparency elicited a striking response in both countries: the emergence of “compensatory transparency initiatives” (CTIs). By collating and disclosing subnational pandemic data to fill transparency gaps at the federal level, CTIs drew attention to populist failings.
Resilient event-triggered stabilization for uncertain Markovian jump delayed neural networks under time-window-based aperiodic DoS attacks
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Haiyang , Xiong Lianglin , Chen Huizhen
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the problem of robustly stable in mean square of uncertain Markovian jump neural networks (UMJNNs) with time-varying delays under time-window-based aperiodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is investigated. First, a new class of portrayal is proposed for DoS attacks, that is, fixed time-window-based non-periodic DoS attacks. In addition, a resilient event-triggered communication scheme (RETCS) is designed between sensors and controllers to reduce “unnecessary” waste of network resources under the proposed non-periodic DoS attack. Then, a new model of UMJNNs with time-varying delays considering non-periodic DoS attacks is developed on this basis. Second, a new single Lyapunov function is constructed in this paper for non-periodic DoS attacks. In addition, the stability criteria of UMJNNs with time-varying delays are obtained based on Lyapunov stability theory and the linear matrix inequality technique. Then, the criterion for co-designing the trigger parameters of RETCS and the gain matrix of the controller is proposed. Finally, the validity of the obtained result is illustrated by two examples.
An output feedback back-stepping attitude control for rigid satellite
Authors: Babaei Faramarz Soheila , Akbarzadeh Kalat Ali
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the attitude control of a rigid satellite in the presence of the total uncertainty of inertia and external disturbance while only outputs of the system are measurable. Noticing the conditions, a new robust back-stepping control for the modified Rodrigues parameters model of the rigid satellite is proposed, at the same time the upper bound of the norm of the total uncertainty vector is estimated adaptively. Due to the inaccessibility of the angular velocity of the system, a finite-time extended observer is used to estimate the angular velocity and total disturbance. The robust stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Perceiving a Stable Self-Concept Enables the Experience of Meaning in Life
Authors: Chu Charles , Lowery Brian S.
Published: February 2023

We test the hypothesis that the perception of stability in one’s self-concept (i.e., future self-continuity) enables the experience of meaning in life because perceiving a stable sense of self confers a sense of certainty to the self-concept. Study 1 provided initial evidence of the influence of future self-continuity on feelings of meaning in life (MIL) in a nationally representative sample. In Studies 2a and 2b, we manipulated future self-continuity by varying the expectedness of one’s future self, demonstrating the causal influence of future self-continuity on self-certainty and feelings of MIL. Study 3 again manipulated future self-continuity, finding an indirect effect on feelings of meaning in life via self-certainty. Our findings thus suggest the experience of meaning in life arises from the perception of a stable sense of self. We discuss the implications for the antecedents and conceptualization of MIL as well as the nature of the self-concept.
Stimulating music educator worldview change through a pedagogy of provocation, critical thinking and peer-review
Authors: Humberstone James Henry Byrne , Zhao Catherine , Liu Danny , Elizabeth Mary
Published: February 2023

Contemporary literature suggests that music education is stuck in a cycle of cultural reproduction in which music teachers and curriculum writers value Western art music more than culturally-diverse and modern, technology-saturated musics, and train the next generation to hold similar views. A MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) was developed to challenge music teachers’ worldviews and to develop critical thinking about the field. In this mixed-methods study, we analysed 18 months of qualitative and quantitative data provided by the more than 1,600 course participants in response to paedagogical ‘provocations’ to assess whether it was successful in prompting critical thinking and worldview change. We used three methods to interrogate three distinct datasets: basic content analysis of participants’ publicly written reflections, statistical analysis of peer marking and context-network maps of peer comments. Between-methods triangulation crystallised our findings. We find that through required peer-review of public postings, an online community of practice formed, that it encouraged teachers to engage deeply with new ideas, and engage in Critical Thinking. We find that those who had a disposition towards critical thinking in the early assessments responded most positively to the pedagogy of provocation and were consistently prepared to question their own worldview and practice.
How (re) integration success and (re) integration failure is conceptualised in different contexts for women trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation
Authors: Meshkovska Biljana , Bos Arjan ER , Siegel Melissa
Published: February 2023

In order to adequately meet the (re) integration needs of trafficked persons, it is important to first determine how success and failure of the (re) integration process is conceptualised in post-trafficking situations. We answer this question by looking at the feedback given by service providers ( N = 40) when asked what they consider to be successful (re) integration, and what they consider to be a failed (re) integration process, based on their experiences with women trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Europe. This paper first provides an overview of the different dimensions of the (re) integration process: economic, institutional and social. It also situates the concept of recovery as applied in the context of post-trafficking situations within the overall framework of (re) integration. It concludes with a discussion of particular cases of successes and failures of the (re) integration process of trafficked persons. We find that rather than speaking of definitive success of the (re) integration process, it is much closer to what happens in practice to speak of the continuum of success along different dimensions. Finally, a failure of the process is found to be when a woman returns to a situation of exploitation, or when regression or re-trafficking occurs.
Real time frequency stabilization of islanded multi-microgrid
Authors: Gnanam Nisha , Kamaraj Jamuna
Published: February 2023

The paper represents a hybrid power system consisting of solar, wind, and Battery sources. The intermittent characteristics of the power system manage the power balance among the generations and load demands. Under these conditions, the system faces high instability. It addresses well-structured PID controllers for the load frequency control in a standalone hybrid microgrid for this problem. The proposed PID controllers offer superior stability. Each Microgrid incorporates the self Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to validate the existing microgrids. The test bed has been validated in real-time in Software in Loop (SIL) depending on OPAL-RT 4500 tool.
Radiographic Changes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients Compared With an Age- and Sex-Matched Cohort
Authors: Kirby Julia C. , Brenner Madison E. , Jones Hunter , Wilson Philip L. , Ellis Henry B.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Despite recent evidence that medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) in the skeletally immature patient is both safe and effective, there are limited data evaluating postoperative coronal- and sagittal-plane growth and radiographic patellofemoral parameters in this population.

Purpose:

The primary purpose was to assess radiographic measures of coronal-plane alignment, longitudinal growth, patellar congruence, and trochlear dysplasia after MPFLR in a skeletally immature population. A secondary purpose was to assess this population compared with a matched cohort with a focus on trochlear dysplasia prevalence and the effect of MPFLR on patellar height.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 28 children with a minimum 1-year follow-up who underwent isolated MPFLR were identified. All patients were skeletally immature, defined as fully open physes on both sides of the knee joint, at the time of surgery. The development of a limb length discrepancy or angular growth abnormalities were assessed on standing hip-to-ankle radiographs, patellar tilt and congruence were measured on the Merchant view of the knee, and the grade of trochlear dysplasia and patellar height were assessed on lateral knee radiographs. A sex- and age-matched group of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was formed as a control for patellar height and trochlear dysplasia measurements.

Results:

The mean patient age was 11.71 ± 2.02 years at the time of surgery with a mean follow-up of 23.54 ± 12.49 months. All but 1 patient in the MPFLR group had preoperative features consistent with trochlear dysplasia. There was no significant difference in limb length or coronal-plane alignment at final follow-up ( P = .725 and P > .999, respectively). Both the MPFLR and the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction groups had a statistically significant decrease in the Caton-Deschamps index between the preoperative and postoperative time points (mean, 0.18 ± 0.20 and 0.11 ± 0.14, respectively; P = .161).

Conclusion:

MPFLR may be safely performed utilizing an epiphyseal femoral socket in a skeletally immature cohort without affecting normal longitudinal growth or coronal limb alignment. The previously reported effect of MPFLR in reducing patellar height may be related to physiological growth based on similar changes noted in a comparison cohort that did not undergo the procedure.
Understanding the Association of Older Adult Fall Risk Factors by Age and Sex Through Factor Analysis
Authors: Kakara Ramakrishna , Bergen Gwen , Burns Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Our aim was to identify latent factors underlying multiple observed risk factors for older adult falls and to examine their effects on falls by age and sex. We performed exploratory factor analysis on 13 risk factors in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used log-linear regression models to measure the association between the identified factors and older adults reporting falls. We identified two underlying factors: physical and mental health limitations. These shared a 50% correlation. Physical health limitations were more strongly associated with falls among men (prevalence ratio = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.65–1.71) than women (prevalence ratio = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.49–1.54). As physical health limitations increased, men aged 65–74 had a greater association with falls compared with other age-sex subgroups. Our findings highlight the composite relationship between age, sex, and physical and mental health limitations in association with older adult falls, and support the evidence for individually tailored, multifactorial interventions.
Old age and fire injury
Authors: Taylor Mark , Francis Hulya , Fielding John
Published: February 2023

Previous studies indicated that the elderly are vulnerable to fire injury. In this article, the nature of such vulnerability in terms of fire injury risk factors including age band, gender, occupancy level, deprivation, mobility, alcohol consumption and attempting to fight the fire is examined in a UK Fire and Rescue Service between April 2011 and April 2022. Fire injury risk was more common the greater the age of the elderly individual, more likely for males up to 74, but more likely for females above that age, possibly due to the greater proportion of females to males above age 74 in the area and time period studied. Elderly fire injuries mainly occurred in single occupancy housing and in more deprived areas. Cooking-related fire injuries accounted for 60.2% of elderly fire injuries, followed by smoking-related fire injuries (14.3%) and heating-related fire injuries (7.2%). Fire fatalities were not included in the analysis.
Conducting Goals of Care Conversations: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lai Alison T. , Abdullah Nadine
Published: February 2023

Objective: Internal medicine (IM) residents discuss a patient's goals of care (GOC) as part of their initial consultation. Residents have described inexperience, general discomfort, limited formal teaching, and prognostic uncertainty as barriers to effective GOC conversations. The early COVID-19 pandemic resulted in rapid changes to the healthcare system on the individual, patient, and systemic level that might exacerbate and/or introduce new barriers to IM residents’ GOC conversations. This qualitative study examines how the early COVID-19 pandemic challenged IM residents’ ability to have effective GOC conversations. Methods: Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, participants (n=11) completed a semi-structured interview. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously using an open coding, constant comparison process. Interviews were completed until no new themes were identified. Results: Residents self-described their GOC conversations in 5 steps: normalization of the conversation, introduction of expected clinical course, discussion of possible care plans, exploration of the patient's values, and occasionally providing a recommendation. Residents described limited structured teaching around GOC conversations and instead relied on observed role-modelling and self-practice to hone their skillset. Residents described an increased sense of urgency to have GOC conversations due to the uncertainty of clinical course and potential for rapid deterioration of patients with COVID-19. Residents identified restrictive visitor policies as a significant barrier that contributed to feelings of dehumanization. Residents felt that these limitations affected their GOC conversations and potentially resulted in discordant care plans which contributed to moral distress. Conclusion: The early COVID-19 pandemic resulted in several barriers that challenged residents’ ability to conduct effective GOC conversations. This is on the background of previously reported discomfort and limited formal training in conducting GOC conversations. Based on our findings, we present a conceptual model involving teaching validated GOC frameworks, positive role-modelling, and experiential learning to support GOC conversation education in post-graduate medical education.
Challenging Definitions of Student Success Through Indigenous Involvement: An Opportunity to Inform School Psychology Practice
Authors: ILLasiak Domoff Velma , Poitras Pratt Yvonne , Drefs Michelle A. , Wick Meghan
Published: February 2023

To achieve educational equity for Indigenous students, school psychologists need to consider the implications of using solely Westernized and Eurocentric educational standards of success. With current practices criticized as limiting and biased, a fitting alternative is the use of holistic frameworks of success aligned with Indigenous peoples’ perspectives on lifelong learning. This paper details a community-led process to define success for Indigenous youth in Aklavik, Northwest Territories inspired by the Canadian Council on Learning Inuit Holistic Lifelong Learning Model. Several key lessons, including the need for ensemble mentorship, emerged from this community-led and strengths-based project that can inform school psychologists seeking to better Indigenize their practice and work toward culturally aligned practices.
Canadian School Psychology and Indigenous Peoples: Opportunities and Recommendations
Authors: Bernett Payton , Spence Sara , Wilson Candace , Gurr Erin , Zentner Daysi , Wendt Dennis C.
Published: February 2023

School psychologists play important roles in working alongside Indigenous Peoples within Canada; however, a large gap exists between the discipline’s actions and the recommendations set forth by Indigenous Nations and governmental working groups. In this conceptual article, we seek to highlight the need for further Indigenous representation and engagement in the field of school psychology, as well as present key areas of relevance. We first briefly contextualize the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and school psychology, followed by the results of a brief survey concerning Indigenous representation and engagement across five school psychology doctoral programs in Canada. Next, we discuss nine key areas of consideration for school psychologists based on the Calls to Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada and the Calls for Justice of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Each area of consideration provides school psychologists with a starting point for concrete actions when working with Indigenous students, families, and communities.
Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Pharmacist-Administered Pediatric Influenza Immunization
Authors: Gates Dana M. , Cohen Steven A. , Orr Kelly , Caffrey Aisling R.
Published: February 2023

Background: Pediatricians’ offices are primary locations for pediatric influenza vaccination; however, pharmacists are also well-positioned as immunizers. Considering the current COVID-19 pandemic and Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act, pharmacists’ authority to vaccinate children has been recently expanded. Methods: We used the de-identified Optum ClinformaticsTM Data Mart database to identify demographic and clinical predictors of pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination compared with influenza vaccination in pediatricians’ offices. Procedures codes for influenza vaccinations among children were captured for the 2016-2017 influenza season. Logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors. Results: We included 336 841 children receiving influenza vaccines by a pharmacist (5.2%) or in pediatricians’ offices (94.8%). The following significant predictors were identified: older pediatric age groups (13-17 years odds ratio [OR] 91.51, 5-12 years OR 35.41), states allowing pharmacist-administered influenza vaccination at younger ages (no age restrictions OR, 26.68, minimum age 2-4 years old OR, 33.76), influenza vaccination outside of pediatricians’ offices in the previous year (pharmacist-administered OR, 22.18, convenience care OR 4.15, emergency care OR 1.69), geographic region (South OR, 2.02, Midwest OR 1.60, and West OR 1.38), and routine health exam or follow-up in the prior 6-months (OR, 1.59). Conclusions: The strongest drivers of pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination were older pediatric age, more lenient minimum age restrictions, and previous influenza vaccination in a pharmacy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the PREP Act, and forthcoming pediatric COVID-19 vaccines for children, pharmacists may play a greater role in pediatric vaccination resulting in sustained changes in pediatric vaccination practices.
Intracanal Microbiological Contamination Reduction Using Low-intensity Laser Associated with a Photosensitizer – In Vivo Study in Teeth of Dogs
Authors: Leon-Roman Marco Antonio , Kowalesky Juliana , Kubitza Fernanda M. Lopes , Gioso Marco Antonio
Published: February 2023

This study evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer azulene and low-intensity laser associated with standard root chemical-surgical preparation (performed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) in dogs. Twenty animals from the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (HOVET-FMVZ/USP) and treated at the Compared Dentistry Laboratory (Laboratório de Odontologia Veterinária [LOC]-FMVZ/USP) were included. Each subject possessed one single rooted tooth with complete root formation, pulp necrosis, complicated crown fracture and periapical bone rarefaction at the time of the radiographic examination. The endodontic treatment was performed in all dogs, which were divided into two equal groups. For group one, the standard chemical-surgical preparation was followed by the photodynamic therapy to evaluate the role of azulene after instrumentation. For group two, the photodynamic therapy was followed by the standard chemical-surgical preparation to evaluate the antimicrobial action of azulene before instrumentation. The results show that intracanal photodynamic therapy is efficient in eliminating unspecified bacterial and Enterococcus organism loads. In addition, this therapeutic modality reduces yeast contamination. The photodynamic therapy showed similar efficacy compared to standard chemical-surgical preparation. The application order of therapeutic modalities does not influence intracanal disinfection in both cases. This study shows that photodynamic therapy with low-intensity laser and azulene as a photosensitizer is a feasible alternative for improving treatment outcomes in routine practice of veterinary dentistry.
Polyarylates containing phthalazinone moieties with excellent thermal resistance
Authors: Xu Pei-qi , Zhang Shou-hai , Liu Qian , Wu Kai-wen , Wang Dan-hui , Wang Zhao-qi , Liu Ze-yuan , Zhang Ying-nan , Jian Xi-gao
Published: February 2023

Polyarylates containing phthalazinone moieties are synthesized by interfacial polymerization of 2,4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-phthalazin-1-one with isophthaloyl dichloride (IPC) and terephthaloyl dichloride (TPC). The effects of organic solvents and phase transfer catalysts (PTC) on the intrinsic viscosity ( η int) are systematically investigated for polymers with η int up to 1.52 dL g−1. The polyarylate has a high η int with 1,2-dichloroethane and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide used as the organic phase solvent and PTC. It is found that polyarylates prepared from BPPZ with IPC and TPC have excellent thermal resistance, with glass transition temperatures of 292 and 337°C, respectively. The polyarylates exhibit excellent thermal stability with 5% mass-loss temperature above 469°C in both N2 and air, and residual mass ratios at 800°C in N2 and air above 54.1% and 4.0%, respectively.
Integrated effects of auxeticity and pyro-coupling on the nonlinear static behaviour of magneto-electro-elastic sandwich plates subjected to multi-field interactive loads
Authors: Mahesh Vinyas
Published: February 2023

This work presents a detailed investigation of the effect of auxeticity synergised with the pyro-coupling behaviour of multiphase magneto-electro-elastic (M-MEE) composites using a finite element (FE) framework. The nonlinear deflection and bending problems of sandwich plates with auxetic core and M-MEE skins subjected to multi-physics load (electric, magnetic and thermal) are probed. The plate kinematics is governed by Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The nonlinear relation between the strains and displacements is established through von-Karman’s nonlinear relations. The temperature profiles are considered linearly and nonlinearly varying across the thickness of the plate. Various parametric studies presented in this article highlight the influence of the auxetic cell inclination angle, rib-length ratio, rib thickness, the plate-to-core ratio etc., associated with the pyro-coupling on the nonlinear deflection and bending of sandwich plates. The results reveal that the plate deflection, bending behaviour and degree of pyro-coupling significantly depend on the auxetic unit cell dimensions and magnitude of electro-magnetic loads. The significant influence of temperature profiles on the pyro-coupling are witnessed at lower auxetic cell angle. The nonlinear deflections of the sandwich plate and hence the potentials developed tend to improve with the lower values of plate-to-core ratio and rib thickness. The prominent outcomes of this work related to integrated effects of auxeticity and pyro-coupling are not yet reported in the open literature and are deemed to be utilised as a future reference.
Relaxation of static load bolt and its influence on early accuracy decline of guideway
Authors: Wang Yuezhen , Li Ying , Cheng Qiang , Chen Kui , Chen Wentao
Published: February 2023

The straightness error of guideway connected with machine bed can exceed the allowable value due to the pretension relaxation in bolted joints. It is inevitable that the relaxation caused by creep displacement of contact surfaces at ambient temperature. The spring and damping elements are introduced to equivalent the contact surfaces. A mathematical model is established for characterizing the relaxation. The effects of equivalent parameters, surface roughness, and initial tightening torque on pretension relaxation are ulteriorly analyzed. It is found that the relaxation degree of pre-tightening force increases with increase of elastic element stiffness, surface finish, and initial tightening torque. The straightness of guideway subjected to different bolt preloads is studied based on the finite element method (FEM). Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the proposed model and FEM. The results show that the model error is 6.67%, and the straightness error in horizontal/vertical direction is 7.79%/7.28%.
Energy performance and economic assessments of a solar air collector and compression heat pump-integrated solar humidifier desalination system
Authors: Sivakumar Sadasivam , Siva Kathirvelsamy , Mohanraj Murugesan
Published: February 2023

This article presents the energy performance and economic assessments of a solar air collector (SAC) and compression heat pump (CHP)-integrated solar humidifier desalination system. The influences of solar heat flux, ambient wind speed and ambient temperature on the energy performance of the system are investigated. The quality of distilled water obtained from the system was assessed. The results showed that the proposed configuration has the maximum distillate output of 22.3 l per day in 14 hours of observations during the summer months. Moreover, the system delivers 100 l of hot water at 46 ± 2°C. The effectiveness of a solar humidifier was raised from 0.16 to 0.97. The coefficient of performance of the CHP was fluctuating between 2.40 and 2.77. The gain output ratio (GOR) was raised from 0.9 to 3.35 during the summer months. The proposed system has a payback duration (PBD) of 27.62 months for 14 hours of operation per day during 252 days in a year. The environmental impact assessments revealed that the system will release 32.35 tons of carbon dioxide emissions during 15 years life span. The quality of water obtained from the system was found to be good and suitable for drinking enriched with minerals.
Air curtain as a SARS-CoV-2 spreading mitigation method in a small aircraft cabin
Authors: Kurec Krzysztof , Olszański Bartosz , Gumowski Konrad , Klamka Michał , Remer Michał , Piechna Janusz , Kubacki Sławomir
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses an application of air curtain for reduction of virus-laden droplets transmission from an infected host to other passengers in a small aircraft cabin. The study is restricted to respiratory droplets emitted during coughing. Discrete Particle Method introduced for violent respiratory events (VRE) captured in detail the movement of coughing puff inside the cabin and allowed to study the interaction of droplets with the air curtain’s stream and the surrounding air. The results show that the application of the air curtain inhibits the transmission process of small droplets (diameters ranging from 10 to 40 μm). The air curtain supplied with a limited air mass flow cannot alter the multiphase puff dynamics, but it can be utilized to deflect the virus droplets with lower momentum away from the neighboring passenger. Improved removal efficiency of virus-laden droplets has been achieved owing to the application of the air curtain together with supplementary suction surfaces introduced on the front seat backrest. The virus (SARS-CoV-2) transmission process was also analyzed by means of mass concentration of CO2 exhaled by the infected host, used as a contamination tracker. This part of the work aims at assessment of an applicability of CO2 tracer gas in analysis of virus transmission. Results show that CO2 tracer gas can only be employed for the study of small size droplets dispersion (diameter less or equal to 40 μm).
Free vibration analysis of metamaterial functionally graded plates with quasi-zero stiffness resonators
Authors: Hasanlu Mojtaba , Siavashi Mostafa , Bagheri Ahmad
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates metamaterial functionally graded plates with quasi-zero stiffness resonators. This way, the governing equations of free vibrations and the mode shapes are obtained using the assumed mode method. The free vibrations analysis of the metamaterial functionally graded plates is then performed using finite element analysis. The objective of the current paper is to present an FG metamaterial plate structure to attenuate its mode shapes. Various resonators’ arrangements on the FG plate evaluate the best arrangements. This paper shows that the proposed metamaterial attenuates the corresponding shape modes for the first nine natural frequencies.
Value pluralism about sexual intimacy in residential care
Authors: Schouten Vanessa , Henrickson Mark , Cook Catherine M , MacDonald Sandra , Atefi Narges
Published: February 2023

Background

The existing literature on sexuality and intimacy in residential care tends to focus on either the question of rights, or the value of autonomy. Where the literature does reference values other than autonomy, such values are considered in the context of being a guide to whether or not a resident is autonomous, rather than being important values in their own right.

Objective

This paper draws on qualitative data gathered as part of a larger study in order to inform practice on how care workers respond to intimacy issues that arise with residents with dementia and to inform a general ethics of sex and sexuality, demonstrating that an approach which permits value pluralism can be appropriate in certain contexts.

Research Design

The qualitative data referred to in this paper was gathered from semi-structured interviews undertaken as part of a larger mixed-method research project. The interview text was analysed using Thorne’s methodological approach, interpretive description.

Participants and research context

The qualitative arm of the project consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted between October 2018 and October 2019 with participants (staff, residents and family members) recruited from 35 residential care homes in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Ethical Considerations

Participation was informed, voluntary and written consent was gained before interviews. The project was approved by the Massey University Human Ethics Committee (Northern), number NOR 18/25.

Findings

Analysis of the scenarios presented in this paper shows that decision-making around sexual intimacy involving people with dementia in a residential care setting is complex and requires recognizing and weighing the different values that may be a in play.

Conclusion

A focus on safety and consent to the exclusion of other values which matter morally in this context is a mistake which prevents care workers from providing appropriately person-centred care to residents, as policies which focus on the goal of care allow space for critical examination of issues which are likely to be highly context-sensitive.
The 1908 earthquake of Messina: An accounting perspective on the city's reconstruction between faith and Fascism
Authors: Vermiglio Carlo , Lombardi Rosa , Zarone Vincenzo
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on the 1923–1937 period when the rise of Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime drove public works programmes. The 1908 earthquake almost destroyed Messina and, in the Fascist period Angelo Paino, the new Metropolitan Archbishop of Messina, fostered the reconstruction of the ecclesiastical heritage of the city and surrounding villages. Primary and secondary sources were collected and analysed to investigate the role of accounting and calculation practices in interpreting the urban reconstruction programme that the Fascist government actively supported. This research contributes to accounting history research adding the new reading of accounting, disasters and urban reconstruction, and highlighting the relations between the Fascist regime and the Catholic Church within an urban reconstruction programme following one of history's major catastrophes. We obtained several findings, including an interpretation of the Fascist regime's reconstruction of the city's churches and key public buildings as an instrument of consensus among the Catholic electorate.
Has Access to Paraprofessionals Changed? A Cross-Decade, Cross-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Gottfried Michael A. , Ozuna Christopher Salem
Published: February 2023

Due to shifts in society’s attitudes toward special education and changes in U.S. federal policies, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and No Child Left Behind, more students with disabilities (SWDs) are beginning kindergarten in general education classrooms. As a result, schools and districts across the United States have needed to adjust their personnel resources to accommodate these changes to classroom demographics. This study aims to better understand how paraprofessional resources (i.e., availability and hours) have shifted before and after key federal legislation. We specifically examined the presence and hours worked by general and special education paraprofessionals in general education kindergartens. Using two nationally representative datasets from 1998 and 2010, we found that kindergartners with disabilities in 2010 have greater access to paraprofessionals (both general and special) in general education classrooms compared with children having disabilities from a decade earlier. Implications are discussed.
Exploring Mentorship in Union and Non-Union Occupational Safety and Health Training Programs
Authors: Cuervo Isabel , Fitch Ashlee , Stein Diane , Baron Sherry L.
Published: February 2023

Few studies have explored mentorship's value in occupational safety and health (OSH) training that focuses on worker empowerment in blue-collar occupations. Through a university and union collaboration, we examined mentorship programs as a promising enhancement to ongoing OSH training to foster worker leadership development in organizations focused on worker empowerment. Union-based worker-trainers from 11 large manufacturing facilities across the United States and worker-trainers affiliated with 11 Latinx Worker Centers in the New York City area were interviewed. Rapid Evaluation and Assessment Methods informed study design. The themes that emerged, reflecting the value of mentorship in OSH training, were: characterizing the elements of mentoring, how mentorship can improve OSH training, and recommended practices for designing a program across two different work settings. We conceptualize the goals of mentorship within a broader social ecological framework, that is, to support OSH learning so workers will advocate for broader safety and health changes with credibility and a feeling of empowerment.
Niche Roles for Dexmedetomidine in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wiegand Alexandra , Behal Michael , Robbins Blake , Bissell Brittany , Pandya Komal , Mefford Breanne
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Review dexmedetomidine use in critically ill patients for niche indications including sleep, delirium, alcohol withdrawal, sepsis, and immunomodulation.

Data Sources:

Literature was sought using PubMed (February 2012-November 2022). Search terms included dexmedetomidine AND (hypnotics OR sedatives OR sleep OR delirium OR immunomodulation OR sepsis OR alcohol withdrawal).

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant studies conducted in humans ≥18 years published in English were included. Exclusion criteria included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and studies evaluating oral dexmedetomidine or other alpha-2 agonists.

Data Synthesis:

A total of 231 articles were retrieved. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, and application of inclusion criteria, 35 articles were included. Across the clinical conditions included in this review, varying clinical outcomes were seen. Dexmedetomidine may improve morbidity outcomes in delirium, sleep, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Due to limited human studies and poor quality of evidence, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the role of dexmedetomidine in immunomodulation or sepsis.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

This review presents data for potential niche roles of dexmedetomidine aside from sedation in critically ill patients. This may serve as a guide for sedation selection in critically ill patients who may also benefit from the pleiotropic effects of dexmedetomidine due to a clinical condition discussed in this review.

Conclusion:

While further studies are needed, dexmedetomidine may provide benefit in other indications in critically ill patients including delirium, sleep, and alcohol withdrawal. Given the poor quality of evidence of dexmedetomidine use in immunomodulation and sepsis, no conclusions can be drawn.