bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discurso del Coordinador Principal del CINC-ANSP en la presentación del cuarto número de la revista “Policía y Seguridad Pública"
Authors: Editor El
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1589
Libros: Tráfico de armas en México. Corrupción, armamentismo y cultura de violencia
Authors: Moreno González Karlen Judith
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1590Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 4(1) 2014: 393-394
Libros: Tráfico de Armas. El mercado negro mundial de armas ligeras
Authors: Gutiérrez Portillo Alejandra Patricia
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1591Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 4(1) 2014: 395-396
Web: El estrés en seguridad privada
Authors: Olivar Ávila Manuel Antonio
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1592
Web: Armas pequeñas en el crimen urbano. Delitos, acceso y mercados ilegales de armas de fuego en Lima
Authors: Vega Gutiérrez Mariella Guadalupe
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1593
Cine: Lucha contra las armas
Authors: Escobar Beltrán Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1594
Cine: El señor de la guerra
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1595
Cine: Mercenarios en la guerra de Irak
Authors: García Valiente Ana Jeannette
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1596Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 4(1) 2014: 407-408
Cine: El Mercado de las armas
Authors: Delgado Hernández Yesenia Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v4i1.1597Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 4(1) 2014: 409-410
Penile and intramuscular metastases from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zou Ci , Dexin Yu , Qi Wang , Tao Zhang , Dongdong Xie , Yi Wang , Demao Ding , Lei Chen , Jie Min , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jiaxing Ma , Daming Wang
Published: November 2014

We present a case with penile and intramuscular metastases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A 61-year-old male had undergone a total esophagectomy and later developed metastatic nodules of the penis and intramuscular metastasis of the thigh. We believe this is the first report of this rare case. We describe the clinical manifestation and offer therapeutic regimen; we also summarize the relevant literature.
Participation versus Consent: Should Corporations Be Run according to Democratic Principles?
Authors: Hielscher Stefan , Beckmann Markus , Pies Ingo
Published: November 2014

The notion of “democracy” has become a much-debated concept in scholarship on business ethics, management, and organization studies. The strategy of this paper is to distinguish between a principle of organization that fosters participation (type I democracy) and a principle of legitimation that draws on consent (type II democracy). Based on this distinction, we highlight conceptual shortcomings of the literature on stakeholder democracy. We demonstrate that parts of the literature tend to confound ends with means. Many approaches employ type I democracy notions of participation and often take for granted that this also improves type II democratic legitimation. We hold this to be a mistake. We provide examples of the ambiguity of organizational procedures and show that under some circumstances a decrease in the degree of participation may actually increase legitimation because a governance structure that results in higher productivity can provide higher benefits for all parties involved, serve their interests and therefore meet their agreement. Less type I democracy may mean more type II democracy. We believe this to be an important insight for judging (and further improving) the legitimacy of both capitalistic firms and competitive markets.
Valuing Architecture: Taste, Aesthetics and the Cultural Mediation of Architecture through Television
Authors: Stead Naomi , Richards Morgan
Published: November 2014

In this paper we examine how architecture has been mediated and framed by two television documentary series: Civilisation: A Personal View by Kenneth Clark (1969) and Grand Designs (1999–present). Both are examples of authored documentary', and both also attempt the education of public taste: in Civilisation through the structured admiration of great civic buildings framed as monumental art, and in Grand Designs through desirable domestic buildings framed as instruments for the art of living. In the paper we examine how the series can be both linked and distinguished through practices of valuation.
Television Amongst Friends: Medium, Art, Media
Authors: Cardwell Sarah
Published: November 2014

From the perspective of analytic philosophical aesthetics, this paper disputes the commonplace practice of referring to television as a ‘medium’. It proposes instead that television be regarded as an art composed of many media. Individual works employ various media available to television and also to other arts. The paper evaluates the usefulness of these distinctions for our conceptual understanding of television, appraisal of television works and appreciation of television in relation to other arts. Via its reconfiguration of ‘medium/media’, it challenges narrowly contemporary notions of the televisual, positing a more historicised model and situating television alongside other arts — amongst friends.
The Portraiture of Edvard Munch (Peter Watkins, 1973)
Authors: Peacock Steven
Published: November 2014

This article presents a discourse on the relationship between Edvard Munch's painting and Peter Watkins' film-making practice. It does so through a close critical analysis of Watkins' still under-celebrated 1973 tele-film Edvard Munch. The tele-film provides rich insights into the connections between the practice and aesthetic experience of painting, and that of filmed material. Feathering media and aesthetic categories, the piece also makes use of original interview content with Peter Watkins.
Dancing on My Own: Girls and Television of the Body
Authors: Perkins Claire
Published: November 2014

In all the critical hype around HBO's Girls (2012–), remarks on its intense physicality have been foremost — centering on Lena Dunham's blunt presentation of her ‘imperfect’ body in situations from sex to exercise to bathing to sleep. This article will consider the kinaesthetic affect of this, and other posing and performing bodies in Girls. Arguing that the choreographed body is central to the pleasures and accomplishments of the series as television, I suggest that its impact can be interpreted through the medium and art of dance.
The Ending of Mad Men's Fifth Season: Cinema, Serial Television and Moments of Performance
Authors: Logan Elliott
Published: November 2014

Certain television dramas of the past thirty years have often been described as ‘cinematic’ for displaying stylistic tendencies historically associated with feature films. This article argues that describing such shows as ‘cinematic’ misrepresents movies and television serials as artistic mediums, and tends to obscure their distinctive achievements. Against this critical tendency, the article accounts for the ending of Mad Men's fifth season not in terms of the series' ‘cinematic’ style, but in terms of how it handles images of faces and places to carry and express the special burden of history and future available to long-form serial television.
The Naturalist Theatrical Aesthetic of Bottle Episodes
Authors: Nannicelli Ted
Published: November 2014

This article identifies and describes a special sort of television episode known as a ‘bottle episode’. After characterising the typical features of bottle episodes, the article proceeds to investigate the following question: What narrative strategies and stylistic techniques do practitioners adopt to cope with the practical constraints imposed by bottle episodes? The answer, advanced and defended in the later portion of the article, is that a typical solution is for practitioners to embrace a ‘Naturalist theatrical aesthetic’.
Three Different Cherry Orchards, Three Different Worlds: Chekhov at the BBC, 1962–81
Authors: Smart Billy
Published: November 2014

Unlike the theatre, there is no established tradition of plays being revived (new productions made from existing scripts) on television. The only instance of this mode of production in Britain has been the regular adaptation of classic theatrical plays. The existence of three separate BBC versions of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard (1962, 1971, 1981) creates a rare opportunity to trace developing styles of direction and performance in studio television drama through three different interpretations of the same scene. Through close analysis of The Cherry Orchard, I outline the aesthetic and technological development of television drama itself over twenty years.
Dylan Thomas' Under Milk Wood, ‘a Play for Voices’ on Radio, Stage and Television
Authors: Wrigley Amanda
Published: November 2014

Dylan Thomas' radio play Under Milk Wood was performed on stage and television soon after its BBC radio premiere won the Prix Italia in 1954. Textual analysis of the 1957 BBC television production demonstrates how it contributed new resonances deriving from the medium's performative conventions and communicative strategies. The nature of the aesthetic values sought by the professional critic and the domestic viewer are evaluated: it is observed that the comparative approach of critics, focusing overwhelmingly on the work's originating form, inhibits full engagement with the innovative creative possibilities of performances of Under Milk Wood in forms of representation with a visual dimension.
Serjeant Musgrave's Dance and the Politics of Possibility in Two Television Adaptations
Authors: Wyver John
Published: November 2014

John Arden's stage play Serjeant Musgrave's Dance was adapted for British television in a Granada Television production in 1961 and four years later in a three-part BBC Schools version. Although received at its stage premiere in 1959 with puzzlement the play has since been acknowledged as a key work of modern political drama in Britain with its bold use of anti-naturalistic techniques including heightened prose and the integration of ballads. This article explores the politics of the play and considers the ways in which these were retained or removed by the two processes of adaptation for television.
Responding to Individual Differences in Inclusive Classrooms in Australia
Authors: van Kraayenoord Christina E. , Waterworth David , Brady Trish
Published: November 2014

Responding to individual differences in classrooms in which there is increasing diversity is one of the challenges of inclusive education in Australia. The linking of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and assistive technologies (ATs) is one way in which this challenge can be addressed. This article describes an initiative, known as Planning for All Learners (PAL) of Independent Schools Queensland, in the state of Queensland, Australia. The PAL programme provides professional learning about UDL and ATs through workshops and ongoing support from the professional learning team. Based on the knowledge gained through the professional learning, the schools and teachers participating in the PAL programme develop year-long school- and/or classroom-based projects that involve the planning, design and implementation of units of work and lessons based on the integration of the principles of UDL and ATs.

The professional learning and support offered as part of PAL is outlined, before case studies of two schools that participated in 2011 and 2012 respectively are provided. The case studies describe the literacy-related projects guided by the principles of UDL and using ATs that involved students with learning difficulties and disabilities in their inclusive classrooms. We also report on the factors that influenced the uptake and implementation of UDL and ATs. Finally we provide recommendations for educational authorities and school administrators related to professional learning and in-school projects that aim to improve the knowledge and skills of teachers and the learning of all students by employing the principles of UDL and ATs.
Perspectives on Regular and Support Class Placement and Factors that Contribute to Success of Inclusion for Children with ASD
Authors: Carter Mark , Stephenson Jennifer , Clark Trevor , Costley Debra , Martin Jon , Williams Katrina , Browne Leah , Davies Louise , Bruck Susan
Published: November 2014

For young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in regular schools, ASD specific service delivery options include regular class placement with itinerant consultative support and support class placement. This study provided an examination of levels of parent, teacher and principal satisfaction with both regular class placement (n = 39) and a satellite support class option (n=35), which provides a more gradual transition into regular class. Given that regular class placement was the ultimate goal for children enrolled in the study, factors that either facilitated or acted as barriers to successful inclusion were examined for those children currently in regular classes. There were relatively high levels of parent, teacher and principal satisfaction with both satellite support class and regular class placement for children with ASD, with higher levels of parental satisfaction with satellite support placement. Across all respondents, the most frequently identified facilitating factors were related to teaching practices and skills. In contrast, barriers identified were generally related to child characteristics. A number of suggestions for future research are offered.
Case Reflections on Communication Support for Students with Multiple and Severe Disability in Australian General Classrooms
Authors: Arthur-Kelly Michael , Bennett Deone , Neilands Judith , Foreman Phil
Published: November 2014

This paper provides a descriptive narrative on some recent research processes and outcomes in general classrooms in Australia that include students with multiple and severe disability. A mentor-model approach to professional development for the teaching staff was employed and this paper outlines what happened, along with some of the specific needs and goals of the participating students and teaching personnel. Although the results were quite variable, a number of interesting findings relating to teacher effects and the limited role of peers in enhancing interactions with students with such complex needs are identified and discussed.
Inclusion and Equity in Australian Secondary Schools
Authors: Paterson David , Graham Lorraine , Stevens Robert
Published: November 2014

This paper presents findings from a large-scale, in-depth study of secondary schools in one Australian state that were achieving exceptional outcomes. The element of that study on which this paper focuses is equity and inclusion. We examine the Equity programs operating in seven sites where schools were including students experiencing some form of disadvantages significant enough to hinder their engagement with the school curriculum. These forms of disadvantage included students with intellectual disabilities as well as students from Aboriginal, non English-speaking and low socio-economic status backgrounds. At these sites, schools implemented equity programs targeting a range of student needs. It was noted that the success of those programs was largely dependent on the relationships between teachers and students and between teachers and their colleagues. Four themes emerged from analysis of interview and observational data; i) teachers focused on students' learning needs, ii) teachers worked collaboratively in effective teams in communities, iii) programs had adequate and well-managed resources and, iv) programs were developed to meet students' needs. Central to all of these themes was the learning needs of students. Rather than paying ‘lip service' to aspects of disadvantage, students in these schools were actually being included in the process of learning and programs had as their central focus the learning needs of individual students.
GLP-1RA vs DPP-4i Use and Rates of Hyperkalemia and RAS Blockade Discontinuation in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Huang Tao , Bosi Alessandro , Faucon Anne-Laure , Grams Morgan E. , Sjölander Arvid , Fu Edouard L. , Xu Yang , Carrero Juan Jesus
Published: August 2024

Importance

Hyperkalemia is a common complication in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that may limit the use of guideline-recommended renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASis). Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) increase urinary potassium excretion, which may translate into reduced hyperkalemia risk.

Objective

To compare rates of hyperkalemia and RASi persistence among new users of GLP-1RAs vs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included all adults with T2D in the region of Stockholm, Sweden, who initiated GLP-1RA or DPP-4i treatment between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2021. Analyses were conducted between October 1, 2023, and April 29, 2024.

Exposures

GLP-1RAs or DPP-4is.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary study outcome was time to any hyperkalemia (potassium level >5.0 mEq/L) and moderate to severe (potassium level >5.5 mEq/L) hyperkalemia. Time to discontinuation of RASi use among individuals using RASis at baseline was assessed. Inverse probability of treatment weights served to balance more than 70 identified confounders. Marginal structure models were used to estimate per-protocol hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

A total of 33 280 individuals (13 633 using GLP-1RAs and 19 647 using DPP-4is; mean [SD] age, 63.7 [12.6] years; 19 853 [59.7%] male) were included. The median (IQR) time receiving treatment was 3.9 (1.0-10.9) months. Compared with DPP-4i use, GLP-1RA use was associated with a lower rate of any hyperkalemia (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50-0.76) and moderate to severe (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.84) hyperkalemia. Of 21 751 participants who were using RASis, 1381 discontinued this therapy. The use of GLP-1RAs vs DPP-4is was associated with a lower rate of RASi discontinuation (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97). Results were consistent in intention-to-treat analyses and across strata of age, sex, cardiovascular comorbidity, and baseline kidney function.

Conclusions

In this study of patients with T2D managed in routine clinical care, the use of GLP-1RAs was associated with lower rates of hyperkalemia and sustained RASi use compared with DPP-4i use. These findings suggest that GLP-1RA treatment may enable wider use of guideline-recommended medications and contribute to clinical outcomes in this population.
Clinical Outcomes of Tirzepatide or GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chuang Min-Hsiang , Chen Jui-Yi , Wang Hsien-Yi , Jiang Zheng-Hong , Wu Vin-Cent
Published: August 2024

Importance

Despite its demonstrated benefits in improving cardiovascular risk profiles, the association of tirzepatide with mortality and cardiovascular and kidney outcomes compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) remains unknown.

Objective

To investigate the association of tirzepatide with mortality and adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes compared with GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used US Collaborative Network of TriNetX data collected on individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 18 years or older initiating tirzepatide or GLP-1 RA between June 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023; without stage 5 chronic kidney disease or kidney failure at baseline; and without myocardial infarction or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 60 days of drug initiation.

Exposures

Treatment with tirzepatide compared with GLP-1 RA.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), the composite of MACEs and all-cause mortality, kidney events, acute kidney injury, and major adverse kidney events. All outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results

There were 14 834 patients treated with tirzepatide (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [11.8] years; 8444 [56.9%] female) and 125 474 treated with GLP-1 RA (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [13.3] years; 67 474 [53.8%] female). After a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.5 (5.2-15.7) months, 95 patients (0.6%) in the tirzepatide group and 166 (1.1%) in the GLP-1 RA group died. Tirzepatide treatment was associated with lower hazards of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45-0.75), MACEs (AHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91), the composite of MACEs and all-cause mortality (AHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84), kidney events (AHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73), acute kidney injury (AHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.88), and major adverse kidney events (AHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44-0.67). Treatment with tirzepatide was associated with greater decreases in glycated hemoglobin (treatment difference, −0.34 percentage points; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.24 percentage points) and body weight (treatment difference, −2.9 kg, 95% CI, −4.8 to −1.1 kg) compared with GLP-1 RA. An interaction test for subgroup analysis revealed consistent results stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin level, body mass index, comedications, and comorbidities.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, treatment with tirzepatide was associated with lower hazards of all-cause mortality, adverse cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury, and adverse kidney events compared with GLP-1 RA in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings support the integration of tirzepatide into therapeutic strategies for this population.
Early-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger
Authors: Fitzpatrick Caroline , Pan Pedro Mario , Lemieux Annie , Harvey Elizabeth , Rocha Fabricio de Andrade , Garon-Carrier Gabrielle
Published: August 2024

Importance

Tablet use continues to increase in preschool-aged children. The use of mobile devices has been linked to child emotional dysregulation. However, few studies have been able to show a clear direction of association between child tablet use and the development of self-regulation skills. In addition, few studies have modeled within-person associations over time.

Objective

To estimate how child tablet use contributes to expressions of anger and frustration across the ages of 3.5 to 5.5 years at the within-person level. The study team also examined the extent to which associations are bidirectional to clarify the direction of the correlations.

Design, Setting, and participants

This prospective, community-based convenience sample of 315 parents of preschool-aged children from Nova Scotia, Canada, was studied repeatedly at the ages of 3.5 (2020), 4.5 (2021), and 5.5 years (2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic. All analyses were conducted between October 5, 2023, and December 15, 2023.

Exposure

Parent-reported tablet use at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years.

Main outcome and measures

Parents reported child expressions of anger/frustration at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire.

Results

The sample was equally distributed across child sex (171 were identified by parents as being born boys [54%] and 144 as girls [46%]). Most reported being Canadian (287 [91.0%]) and married (258 [82.0%]). A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that a 1-SD increase in tablet use at 3.5 years (corresponding to 1.22 hours per day) was associated with a 22% SD scale increase in anger/frustration at age 4.5 years (standardized coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44). A 1 SD scale increase in anger and frustration at 4.5 years was associated with a 22% SD (corresponding to 0.28 hours per day) increase in tablet use at 5.5 years (standardized coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01-0.43).

Conclusion and relevance

In this study, child tablet use at age 3.5 years was associated with more expressions of anger and frustration by the age of 4.5 years. Child proneness to anger/frustration at age 4.5 years was then associated with more use of tablets by age 5.5 years. These results suggest that early-childhood tablet use may contribute to a cycle that is deleterious for emotional regulation.
Advancing Surface Engineering for Tribology: From Functionality to Connectivity
Authors: Liskiewicz Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Surface functionality plays a pivotal role in Tribology, a discipline dedicated to examining the interactions of surfaces in relative motion. The approach, known as Tribotronics, combines Tribology and electronics, enabling active tribological components to be embedded in larger systems and networks constituting the Industrial Internet of Things. Leveraging novel technologies such as advanced sensing coatings and triboelectric nanogenerators, the sensing capability of Tribotronic systems undergoes a transformative shift from a device‐centric to a surface‐centric paradigm. This critical advancement unlocks the potential for direct interface probing and in‐situ measurement of tribological processes, marking a significant milestone in the field. This emerging trend introduces the concept of the Internet of Surfaces, a novel perspective within surface engineering. It entails the amalgamation of sensing capabilities, embedded power generation, and external analytics, creating dynamic materials in the context of Industry 4.0.
Friction Reduction Effect Caused by Microcontact and Load Dispersion on the Moth‐Eye Structure
Authors: Tsujioka Kazuma , Koda Akari , Hirai Yuji , Shimomura Masatsugu , Matsuo Yasutaka
Published: August 2024

Friction reduction is important from the viewpoint of energy problems and other issues. Frictional forces are known to vary depending on the material property, surface texture, and measurement scale. However, the effect of submicron‐sized moth‐eye structures prepared of robust plastic deformation materials on dry friction under high‐load conditions has not been investigated in detail. To investigate this, a copper moth‐eye structure is fabricated via electroforming for experimental measurements. Results from the friction tests reveal that real contact area increase is suppressed, as the friction coefficient of the moth‐eye structure decreases exponentially with increasing load. Further friction simulation demonstrates nanoscale contact between the structure's tip and indenter, indicating that the real contact area increase requires deformation of the moth‐eye structure itself (microcontact). However, the contact pressure on the surface is reduced by dispersing the load to the sides and bottom of the moth‐eye structure. Therefore, the suppression of real contact area increase can be attributed to the deformation suppression facilitated by load dispersion. These findings expand the possibilities for friction design with surface textures because they reveal the role of robustness due to submicron‐scale surface microstructure in reducing friction between plastic deformation materials.
Effects of Graphene Doping on the Electrical Conductivity of Copper
Authors: Zhang Chenmu , Xiao Zhongcan , Paddock Rachel , Cullinan Michael , Tehrani Mehran , Liu Yuanyue
Published: August 2024

There is great interest in developing advanced electrical conductors with higher conductivity, lighter weight, and higher mechanical strength than copper (Cu). One promising candidate is copper‐graphene (Cu‐Gr) composite, which is hypothesized to have a higher electrical conductivity than Cu. In this work, it is shown that this is not true, supported by state‐of‐the‐art first‐principles calculations of electron transport. Particularly, contrary to the belief that graphene in the composite is more conductive than pristine Cu, it is less conductive due to increased scattering despite increased carrier concentration. On the other hand, it is found that compressive strain along the (111) plane increases the conductivity, which is confirmed experimentally, while tensile strain has little effect. The work offers new insights into understanding and developing advanced conductors.
Research Progress and Perspectives on Pre‐Sodiation Strategies for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Siyuan , Zhang Haihan , Shu Chengyong , Hua Weibo , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Yuxin , Luo Jintian , Tang Zexun , Wu Yuping , Tang Wei
Published: August 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with abundant elements have garnered significant attention from researches as a promise compensation to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large‐scale commercial application of SIBs is partially hindered by the limited initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to the irreversible formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and intercalation into the defects in the anode. Similar to pre‐lithiation techniques, pre‐sodiation approaches are considered to be one of the most direct and effective way to compensate for the loss of active sodium at the anode side of SIBs during the initial cycle. In this context, additional sodium ions are pre‐injected to the cathode/anode material by chemical/electrochemical methods, aiming to improve battery span life and energy density. This review delves into the necessity and impact of pre‐sodiation techniques, compiling the latest research progress, for instance, self‐sacrificing cathode additives, over‐sodiated cathode materials, direct contact and solution chemical pre‐sodiation. Notably, the research mechanisms underlying solution chemical pre‐sodiation are highlighted. This comprehensive overview aims to foster a deeper understanding of the pre‐sodiation techniques and expects to provide guidance for realizing the commercial application of high energy density sodium‐ion batteries.
Construction of Fe–In Alloy to Enable High Activity and Durability of Fe–N–C Catalysts
Authors: Sun Zhuangzhi , Zhong Yi , Sui Heyu , Liu Jia , Xie Pengfei , Ding Shujiang , Su Yaqiong
Published: August 2024

The strategic regulation of the electronic properties and coordination environment of single‐atom sites through the integration of metal nanoclusters emerges as a promising route to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of Fe–N–C materials. Here, a catalyst (FeIn–NC) is successfully developed in which Fe–N–C materials encapsulate Fe–In alloy nanoclusters, and it shows excellent ORR activity and durability under alkaline conditions, with a high half‐wave potential of 0.924 V (vs RHE) and a zinc–air battery power density of 202.1 mW cm−2, superior to commercial Pt/C catalysts. Theoretical calculations unravel that the synergistic interaction between the Fe–In alloy and the FeN4 single‐atom site modifies the electronic structure and charge distribution at the FeN4 site, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic activity and durability of the ORR. Potential‐dependent microkinetic modeling (MKM) further discloses the ORR mechanisms on the identified FeN4 sites. This work provides a viable strategy for the ORR improvement of Fe–N–C materials via p‐block metal‐based alloy nanoclusters.
Controlled Transdermal Delivery of Dexamethasone for Pain Management via Photochemically 3D‐Printed Bioresorbable Microneedle Arrays
Authors: Bahnick Alexander J. , Dziewior Courtney S. , Li Yize , Chou Amy , Segal Maddison , Augustine Emily K. , Ji Ru‐Rong , Becker Matthew L.
Published: August 2024

Microneedle array patches (MAPs) are extensively studied for transdermal drug delivery. Additive manufacturing enables precise control over MAP customization and rapid fabrication. However, the scope of 3D‐printable, bioresorbable materials is limited. Dexamethasone (DXM) is widely used to manage inflammation and pain, but its application is limited by systemic side effects. Thus, it is crucial to achieve high local drug concentrations while maintaining low serum levels. Here, poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐propylene succinate) oligomers are fabricated into DXM‐loaded, bioresorbable MAPs via continuous liquid interface production 3D printing. Thiol–ene click chemistry yields MAPs with tailorable mechanical and degradation properties. DXM‐loaded MAPs exhibit controlled elution of drug in vitro. Transdermal application of DXM‐loaded MAPs in a murine tibial fracture model leads to substantial relief of postoperative pain. Pharmacokinetic analysis shows that MAP administration is able to control pain at a significantly lower dose than intravenous administration. This work expands the material properties of 3D‐printed poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐propylene succinate) copolyesters and their use in drug delivery applications.
A Porous Li–Al Alloy Anode toward High‐Performance Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jinhui , Luo Jiayao , Li Jingyan , Huang Senhe , Geng Haozhe , Chen Zhenying , Jia Linan , Fu Yongzhu , Zhang Xi , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Compared to lithium (Li) anode, the alloy/Li‐alloy anodes show more compatible with sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs), and are promising candidates for practical SSE‐based all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASSLBs). In this work, a porous Li–Al alloy (LiAl‐p) anode is crafted using a straightforward mechanical pressing method. Various characterizations confirm the porous nature of such anode, as well as rich oxygen species on its surface. To the best knowledge, such LiAl‐p anode demonstrates the best room temperature cell performance in comparison with reported Li and alloy/Li‐alloy anodes in SSE‐based ASSLBs. For example, the LiAl‐p symmetric cells deliver a record critical current density of 6.0 mA cm−2 and an ultralong cycling of 5000 h; the LiAl‐p|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cells achieve a high areal capacity of 11.9 mAh cm−2 and excellent durability of 1800 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ experiments reveal that the porous structure can accommodate volume changes of LiAl‐p and ensure its integrity during cycling; and moreover, a robust Li inorganics‐rich solid electrolyte interphase can be formed originated from the reaction between SSE and surface oxygen species of LiAl‐p. This study offers inspiration for designing high‐performance alloy anodes by focusing on designing special architecture to alleviate volume change and constructing stable interphase.
Hybrid Resonant Metasurfaces with Configurable Structural Colors
Authors: Wohlwend Jelena , Hilti Anna , Polinari Claudiadele , Spolenak Ralph , Galinski Henning
Published: August 2024

Metasurfaces are sub‐wavelength nanostructures with the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional optics. Existing dielectric metasurfaces, however, are often limited to geometric primitives, which hamper their application in emergent hybrid metasurfaces. Here, a simple fabrication scheme for non‐primitive metasurfaces that addresses this limitation is introduced. Due to their broken out‐of‐plane symmetry, these nanostructures provide a new dimension in the design space. Taking inspiration from bio‐photonic systems in nature, using these elements complex hybrid metasurfaces are designed that encompass an ordered and a disordered phase. The capabilities of this hybrid optical systems are illustrated by generating configurable structural colors with extra ordinary resolution. Furthermore, the local control of light over a broad bandwidth is demonstrated and a maximum coupling efficiency of more than 97% is achieved.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Intramolecular Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐Indolin‐3‐Ones
Authors: Ma Haojie , Zhou Fengyuan , Li Yuqi , Zhang Yuqi , Huang Guosheng , Yang Xing , Wang Ji‐Jiang
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of substituted 2‐hydroxy‐indolin‐3‐ones has attracted considerable attention due to the frequent presence of the indole nucleus in numerous natural products and biologically active molecules. Herein, a direct access to 2‐hydroxy‐indolin‐3‐ones through copper‐catalyzed oxidative intramolecular cyclization of N‐(2‐acetylphenyl)picolinamide has been developed. This method exhibits good functional group tolerance, atom‐economy and avoids the pre‐functionalization of substrates.
Fish Scales for Wearable Patches: Tailoring Films Assembled From Fish Waste Gelatin, Carbon Dots and Chitin Nanocrystals
Authors: Segato Jacopo , Calmanti Roberto , Gnoato Gianmarco , Cavarzerani Enrico , Rizzolio Flavio , Crestini Claudia , Perosa Alvise , Gigli Matteo , Selva Maurizio
Published: August 2024

The properties of gelatin and collagen extracted from fishery wastes, specifically from mullet (Mugil Cephalus) scales, are modified with the aim to achieve biocompatible films with tunable characteristics to design sustainable UV protection solutions in the healthcare sector. Different additives are used to the scope including plasticizers, cross‐linkers, surfactants and optical modifiers. Carbon dots (CDs) obtained from seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) scales combined with polysorbate‐20 (PS) as a dispersant agent, enable the fabrication of materials capable of blocking UV radiation almost completely, a crucial feature for dermal contact applications. The addition of hydrophobic surfactants and crosslinkers as citric acid, chitosan and surface deacetylated chitin nanocrystals (CsNCs) allowed to modulate the water adsorption of the films in the range 3–30% and to reach a twofold and 4.5‐fold increase of tensile strength and elastic modulus, respectively, as compared to the neat gelatin film. Moreover, film thickness is shown to be another adjustable parameter to enhance optic, mechanical, and permeation properties: the higher the thickness, the greater the UV‐blocking properties, elongation‐at‐break and water vapor permeability, leading to films with attractive characteristics as wearable patches.
Trends and predictors of unfilled emergency medicine residency positions: A comparative analysis of the 2023 and 2024 Match cycles
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Abubshait Layla , Bowers Kaitlin , Landry Adaira , Lewis Kristin , Little Andrew G. , Nash Christopher J. , Gottlieb Michael
Published: August 2024

Background

The emergency medicine (EM) landscape has evolved due to the increasing number of programs paired with fewer applicants. This study analyzed the characteristics of EM residency programs associated with unfilled positions during the 2024 Match and compared them with data from the 2023 Match to identify persistent and emerging trends influencing these outcomes.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, observational study, we investigated factors associated with unfilled EM residency positions in the 2024 Match. We used publicly accessible data from the National Resident Matching Program. To identify program‐level predictors of unfilled positions, we constructed a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model, incorporating data from the 2023 Match season.

Results

In 2024, 54 out of 281 (19.2%) residency programs remained unfilled. Our Bayesian analysis reaffirmed that smaller program size, geographical location, prior osteopathic accreditation, and corporate ownership continue to be significant factors. Programs with vacancies in the previous year were also more likely to remain unfilled. Thus, several factors identified in 2023 remained associated with this year's Match outcomes, with the impact of previous unfilled positions being particularly pronounced.

Conclusions

This study identified several factors associated with a greater likelihood of having unfilled EM residency positions, with previous unfilled positions emerging as the most significant predictor. These findings offer critical insights for residency programs and governing bodies, providing a basis for enhancing recruitment strategies, addressing the cyclical nature of unfilled positions, and tackling workforce challenges in EM.
Flexible strategies for carbon‐negative syngas and biochar poly‐generation via a novel chemical looping approach
Authors: Liu Gen , Sun Zhongshun , Wang Zhichao , Yu Binpeng , Yang Xiantan , Zhang Bo , Zhang Rongjiang , Yang Bolun , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: August 2024

This work proposed a pyrolysis chemical looping reforming‐two stage regeneration (PCLR‐TR) process with carbon‐negative syngas and biochar poly‐generation，aimed at overcoming challenges in chemical looping gasification. The process effectively separates pyrolysis and reforming, circumventing slow solid–solid reactions and enabling the flexible adjustment of the H2/CO ratio. The two‐stage regeneration ensures improved synchronization of reaction rates across different reactors. The results indicate that manipulation of process parameters allows for flexible adjustment of the H2/CO ratio in syngas (ranging from 1.02 to 3.83). The introduction of CO2 feed in the first stage regeneration reactor reduces the oxygen carrier exothermic intensity in the second stage regeneration reactor by 58%. Optimization results suggest that the generated syngas is compatible with diverse downstream applications, exhibiting a maximum CO2 negative emission of 1.85 kg/kg syngas. The PCLR‐TR system offers a versatile and environmentally friendly solution for the energy and chemical industries.
Empowering Particle Jamming Soft Gripper with Tactility via Stretchable Optoelectronic Sensing Skin
Authors: Mo Liyan , Xie Wenhao , Qu Jingting , Xia Jiutian , Li Yunquan , Zhang Yuanfang , Ren Tao , Yang Yang , Yi Juan , Wu Changchun , Chen Yonghua
Published: August 2024

Particle‐jamming soft grippers demonstrate notable shape adaptability and adjustable stiffness, which improve their grasping efficiency. However, integrating tactile sensing into these grippers presents challenges due to the specific properties of the particle jamming mechanism. This study introduces a parallel particle jamming soft gripper equipped with tactile sensing capabilities. The gripper consists of two tactile sensing particle jamming pads (TSPJPs) that are integrated with flexible optoelectronic skins. These skins are made of silicone rubber membranes and are embedded with a 3 × 3 array of stretchable optical waveguide arrays (SOWAs). Testing indicates that incorporating these sensors enhances the gripper's tactile sensing capabilities, with minimal impact on its particle jamming‐based grasping function. A single TSPJP can accurately detect various contact points and estimate the contract forces. The proposed soft gripper can reliably grasp a wide range of objects, varying in shape, hardness, and weight, and it provides detailed tactile feedback on contact locations and the intensity of the grasping through the SOWA sensor. It can precisely distinguish between different grasping postures using a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) learning model. Furthermore, it can effectively detect the slippage of grasped objects, facilitating accurate closed‐loop control for secure manipulation.
Improving genetic testing utilization in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit through quality improvement
Authors: Jacobsmeyer Andrew T. , Buitrago‐Mogollon Talia L. , White Blanche , Charles Jasmyne‐Rian , Clarke‐Pounder Jessica P. , Amador Jodi , Carter Lauren B.
Published: August 2024

There is an increasing recognition of the importance of diagnosing genetic conditions with an ever‐growing list of genetic testing options. However, most providers do not have formal genetics training, which makes choosing the most appropriate test to order challenging. Our project sought to improve cytogenetic testing utilization in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through utilizing quality improvement techniques, specifically the Model for Improvement framework with rapid Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles. Our project utilized various interventions including the implementation of a NICU genetic testing algorithm. Interventions demonstrated improvement in all areas, specifically a 92% reduction in unnecessary cytogenetic testing with improvement in the diagnostic rate. Our work also resulted in a 59% decrease in charges with an estimated projected savings of $21,000 per year. Quality improvement can minimize redundancies and inefficiencies in genetic testing in a Level IV NICU in a large tertiary care children's hospital and result in substantial cost‐savings.
The MIND diet, brain transcriptomic alterations, and dementia
Authors: Li Jun , Capuano Ana W. , Agarwal Puja , Arvanitakis Zoe , Wang Yanling , De Jager Philip L. , Schneider Julie A. , Tasaki Shinya , de Paiva Lopes Katia , Hu Frank B. , Bennett David A , Liang Liming , Grodstein Francine
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Dietary patterns are associated with dementia risk, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.

METHODS

We used RNA sequencing data from post mortem prefrontal cortex tissue and annual cognitive evaluations from 1204 participants in the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project. We identified a transcriptomic profile correlated with the MIND diet (Mediterranean‐Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) among 482 individuals who completed ante mortem food frequency questionnaires; and examined its associations with cognitive health in the remaining 722 participants.

RESULTS

We identified a transcriptomic profile, consisting of 50 genes, correlated with the MIND diet score (p = 0.001). Each standard deviation increase in the transcriptomic profile score was associated with a slower annual rate of decline in global cognition (β = 0.011, p = 0.003) and lower odds of dementia (odds ratio = 0.76, p = 0.0002). Expressions of several genes (including TCIM and IGSF5) appeared to mediate the association between MIND diet and dementia.

DISCUSSION

A brain transcriptomic profile for healthy diets revealed novel genes potentially associated with cognitive health.

Highlights

Why healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower dementia risk are unknown.

We integrated dietary, brain transcriptomic, and cognitive data in older adults.

Mediterranean‐Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet intake is correlated with a specific brain transcriptomic profile.

This brain transcriptomic profile score is associated with better cognitive health.

More data are needed to elucidate the causality and functionality of identified genes.
Spatial and temporal patterns of cortical mean diffusivity in Alzheimer's disease and suspected non‐Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology
Authors: Sun Pan , He Zhengbo , Li Anqi , Yang Jie , Zhu Yalin , Cai Yue , Ma Ting , Ma Shaohua , Guo Tengfei ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

The spatial and temporal patterns of cortical mean diffusivity (cMD), as well as its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathophysiology (SNAP), are not yet fully understood.

METHODS

We compared baseline (n = 617) and longitudinal changes (n = 421) of cMD, cortical thickness, and gray matter volume and their relations to vascular risk factors, amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau positron emission tomography (PET), and longitudinal cognitive decline in Aβ PET negative and positive older adults.

RESULTS

cMD increases were more sensitive to detecting brain structural alterations than cortical thinning and gray matter atrophy. Tau‐related cMD increases partially mediated Aβ‐related cognitive decline in AD, whereas vascular disease‐related increased cMD levels substantially mediated age‐related cognitive decline in SNAP.

DISCUSSION

These findings revealed the dynamic changes of microstructural and macrostructural indicators and their associations with AD and SNAP, providing novel insights into understanding upstream and downstream events of cMD in neurodegenerative disease.

Highlights

Cortical mean diffusivity (cMD) was more sensitive to detecting structural changes than macrostructural factors.

Tau‐related cMD increases partially mediated amyloid beta–related cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

White matter hyperintensity–related higher cMD mainly explained the age‐related cognitive decline in suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathophysiology (SNAP).

cMD may assist in tracking earlier neurodegenerative signs in AD and SNAP.