bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies for 5G Radio
Authors: Milosevic Vojislav , Jokanovic Branka , Boric-Lubecke Olga , Lubecke Victor M.
Published: July 2017

This chapter presents an overview on the drivers behind the 5G evolution and explains technological breakthroughs in the microwave and millimeter wave domain that will create the 5G backbone. Extensions to millimeter wave frequency bands, advanced multi-antenna systems and antenna beamforming and simultaneous transmission and reception are some of the prospects that could lead to both architectural and component disruptive design changes in the future 5G. 5G is expected to include an innovative set of technologies that will radically change our private and professional lives, though applications of novel services, such as remote healthcare, driverless cars, wireless robots and connected homes, which will alter boundaries between the real and the cyber world.
5G IoT Industry Verticals and Network Requirements
Authors: Condoluci Massimo , Lema Maria A. , Mahmoodi Toktam , Dohler Mischa
Published: July 2017

The effective provisioning of industry verticals over the next-to-come 5G systems opens novel business opportunities for telco operators especially when considering the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices as enablers of business cases based on remote sensing and control. This chapter highlights the main features of IoT verticals with particular attention on healthcare, smart cities, industry automation and entertainment business cases. The aim of this Chapter is to derive the requirements such IoT verticals pose in terms of design features to be considered in the standardization of 5G systems. This chapter presents the state of the art on the contribution from the research community and standardization bodies to address the 5G design characteristics with particular attention to the features enabling a proper management of IoT-oriented business cases.
An Introduction to Computational Social Science for Organizational Communication
Authors: Pilny Andrew N. , Poole Marshall Scott
Published: July 2017

The exponential growth of “Big Data” has given rise to a field known as computational social science (CSS). The authors view CSS as the interdisciplinary investigation of society that takes advantage of the massive amount of data generated by individuals in a way that allows for abductive research designs. Moreover, CSS complicates the relationship between data and theory by opening the door for a more data-driven approach to social science. This chapter will demonstrate the utility of a CSS approach using examples from dynamic interaction modeling, machine learning, and network analysis to investigate organizational communication (OC). The chapter concludes by suggesting that lessons learned from OC's history can help deal with addressing several current issues related to CSS, including an audit culture, data collection ethics, transparency, and Big Data hubris.
Doing Applied Organizational Communication Research
Authors: Jahn Jody
Published: July 2017

Over the past several decades, organizational communication has embraced rich theoretical understandings for organization, communication and the interface between the two. Yet, as our theories have become richer and more complex, they have also become increasingly difficult to “sell” to applied audiences that often assume a “transmission” model of communication. This chapter describes challenges I have faced while applying organizational communication theory to issues related to wildland firefighter safety. I propose that a key challenge of applied organizational communication research is transforming what it means for organizational managers to think communicatively. This requires uncovering the organization's research engagement history and trajectory, encountering and working with organization members' assumptions about organization and communication, and identifying and working with pivot points that can help organization members approach problems using communication lenses.
Consumer Behavior, Trust, and Electronic Word-of-Mouth Communication
Authors: Di Virgilio Francesca , Antonelli Gilda
Published: July 2017

Social media platforms have become a major forum for consumers to interact with firms and other individuals. Drawing on both the customer-dominant logic and the theory of planned behavior, the present chapter aims to advance understanding and encourage research on the variables that drive consumers' online purchase intention. Al though there is a general agreement in recognizing the importance of social media platforms as a source of information about consumer behavior, a complete theorization of the variables that affect the relation between behavioral intention and online purchase intention is still lacking. The proposed theoretical model is an extension of the theory of planned behavior and incorporates trust and electronic word-of-mouth communication as part of the customers' online purchase intention. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications are further discussed.
Knowledge Management and Social Media in Tourism Industry
Authors: Agrifoglio Rocco , Metallo Concetta
Published: July 2017

The chapter aims to provide an overview of the role of social media for knowledge management in tourism industry. Respect than traditional tools, the social media penetration within such industry is growing thanks to opportunity for travelers and travel professionals to access critical tourism knowledge everywhere and every time. Prior research has mainly focused on how social media are changing the tourism industry, while it is lacking enough the contribution of these technologies to managing touristic knowledge. This chapter seeks to shed light on how social media support knowledge management, with particular attention to knowledge creation, sharing, and preservation processes, in tourism industry. In particular, while knowledge creation and sharing process have attracted the attention of scholars, knowledge preservation via social media seems be still in its infancy stage.
Social Media and Social Networking
Authors: Elazab Ahmed , Mahmood Mahmood A. , Hefny Hesham Ahmed
Published: July 2017

Social media is a powerful communication tool that facilitates the interaction and provide an efficient interconnection among different roles in many fields such as business and media. The power of social media forced its responsibility for the vast dissemination of different information during real time events. Many social networks have emerged since the 90s; however, many of these networks have been abandon while the success of others in providing intelligent and active communication made them the most famous recently. Some examples of these successful social networks are Facebook, and Twitter. In this research, we provide the readers with the main concepts of social media and social networks, and their relation with other fields. We also discuss the current situation with providing the emerging trends and challenges of both fields.
Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Yüce Mehmet
Published: July 2017

Kyrgyzstan is very rich and striking with its ethnic composition. After the collapse of USSR, the changes in social infrastructure and the differentiation in the ideological premises of the state have led to a dramatic change in the population dynamics of the country. Now, the Kyrgyzstan Republic is a democratic and secular state. Ethnic structure, border security, long border with China are important issues of Kyrgyzstan, which, in its foreign policy, has drawn a profile that is open to the west, avoids conflicts with its neighbors, pursues a balanced policy in its relations with the US, Russia and China. Turkey is also an important partner of Kyrgyzstan; between Turkey and the Kyrgyz Republic, over 100 agreements and cooperation documents were signed in the fields of education, culture, trade and economic cooperation, transport, communication, military and other areas.
Relational Dynamics and Health Economics
Authors: Bathory David S.
Published: July 2017

Primary care physicians' and allied healing professionals are overwhelmed with greater demands to provide complex care within business structures that either mandate high volume or exorbitant fees for service in order to support healthcare needs or sustain their livelihood. Statistics within the USA note that 40 to 50 percent of primary care physicians practice consists of complicated care. There are continued decreases within the USA of medical doctors who enter general practice and most choose to enter specialties where they are able to dictate their hours of availability and are reimbursed at a higher rate for services. The exception lies in psychiatry and pediatrics, where there is a shortage of providers and low fees for service. Models that have been proposed to alleviate issues related to these shortages include models of integrated health care, where physicians provide holistic care or partner seamlessly with others to provide total care at a single location. Physician extenders have been developed as an alternative where Master's Level Nurses and Physician Assistants are allowed to practice in the same setting and under the supervision of the licensed physician to deliver care. The intent of the physician extender is to allow the physician to spend greater time with more complicated cases and for the assistants to provide routine care. The issue becomes differentiating when a patient presents with a routine issue but actually requires complex interventions. When traditional physical medicine is combined with a need for psychological counseling the needs are complex, and medical doctors or physician extenders are provided with only a three month rotation in psychological diagnosis and interventions. Both socialized non-socialized medicine do not have a practice model in which they provide adequate care and holistic healing. This paper proposes a new model of providing holistic healthcare based upon relational dynamics in an economically sound manner.
STREPTOCOCCUS sp EM PEIXES CRIADOS NO SISTEMA DE POLICULTIVO NA REGIÃO SUL DO ESTADO MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Leira Matheus Hernandes , Reghim Lucas Silva , Botelho Hortência Aparecida , Cunha Luciane Tavares , Melo Carlos Cicinato , Do Nascimento Ariane Flávia , Braz Mirian Silvia , Freitas Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de
Published: July 2017

Estreptococose é o termo genérico utilizado para designar a doença septicêmica de etiologia bacteriana em peixes, causadas por cocos Gram positivos incluindo nesse grupo, microrganismos dos gêneros Streptococcus, a bactéria é patogênica para diversos hospedeiros, como por exemplo, os bovinos e os seres humanos, além de causarem doenças nos peixes. A infecção por esse agente causa nos peixes doença septicêmica e encefalite, a partir disso vários sinais clínicos são perceptíveis, como natação alterada, com rodopios e perda de equilíbrio, lesões de tegumento e músculo semelhante a abscessos, petéquias na superfície corporal, principalmente ao redor da boca, opérculo e nadadeiras, olhos opacos e exoftalmia.
The New Cash Register Design with Counterfeit Money Detection System
Authors: Gücüyener İsmet , Erdal Gültekin
Published: July 2017

Cash register devices are used in every place and every shopping area in the world. Cashier takes the money from customer and put the cash register. The structure of these devices does not have any control mechanisms. If the cashier does not use any money control device, counterfeit money may deposit into the account of companies working honestly. Especially, there may be many customers in the big shopping malls and sometimes they can constitute large queues in front of the cashier. In such cases, cashier may not pay much attention to whether the money is the fake or not. In this study, a new counterfeit money detection system, which is applicable on all the cash register devices, was designed. System is based on recognition of the appearing characters above money which is illuminated with ultraviolet light. Designed detection system can be applied on the money holding mechanisms which is over the small departments in cash register drawer. In the case of any fake money detection event, system can produce an alert with light, sound or using of short message service according to the selections. Designed new system aims to protect both cashier and companies against to ill-intentioned people. The most important features of the designed system are to be cost-effective and easily assembled in the every cash register.
An Experimental Platform for Surface Embedded SMAs in Morphing Applications
Authors: Jodin Gurvan , Scheller Johannes , Duhayon Eric , Rouchon Jean François , Triantafyllou Michael , Braza Marianna
Published: July 2017

This article will address the modeling and control of surface embedded shape memory alloys (SMAs) for the camber modification of a hybrid morphing airfoil. An analytical model will be derived. The results of this models will be discussed and compared to the experiments. The advantages of this modeling approach will be highlighted and alternatives will be briefly revisited. This discussion will figure into the utility of these models in the sizing of a full scale prototype of a SMA actuated active trailing edge of an airfoil. Throughout this article the prototype specifications are detailed and the design choices will be discussed. Performance improvements stemming from the inherent nature of the SMAs will be analyzed. It will be shown in this article that through the use of forced convection the overall cycle time can be reduced.
Antioxidant potential of selected whole grain cereals consumed by Sri Lankans: a comparative in vitro study
Authors: Abeysekera W. K. S. M. , Jayawardana S. A. S. , Abeysekera W. P. K. M. , Yathursan S. , Premakumara G. A. S. , Ranasinghe P.
Published: July 2017

Whole grains of rice [improved: Bw 361 (red) and Bg 359 (white); traditional: Kalu Heeneti (red) and Suwadal (white)], corn, finger millet, wheat, barley and oat were used in this study. Ethanolic extracts (EEs) and methanolic extracts (MEs) of whole grain cereals were evaluated for total polyphenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging antioxidant properties (AP) in vitro (n=3 each). Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between extracts and among cereals for investigated AP. In general, MEs of cereals showed significantly higher (p<0.05) activity compared to EEs of cereals. Among the studied cereals, finger millet exhibited the highest AP in both extracts for TPC, FRAP and ORAC while for DPPH and ABTS it's only in MEs. The mean TPC, FRAP and ORAC of MEs of finger millet were 708.45 ± 11.72 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 1413.69 ± 1.61, 1240.45 ± 67.38 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) and 955.76 ± 2.03 mg TE/100 g grain, respectively while for EEs it was 275.36 ± 4.26 mg GAE, 606.34 ± 5.00 mg TE and 1112.52 ± 24.38 TE/100 g grain respectively. For DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities the IC50 values of MEs of finger millet were 49.42 ± 6.65 and 10.74 ± 0.44 μg/mL respectively. Of the cereals analyzed the second highest AP was observed in traditional red rice variety, Kalu Heeneti (except for ORAC) for both extracts tested. Whole grains of wheat and oats had very low AP compared to finger millet and red rice varieties analyzed in the present study. It is concluded that finger millet possesses highest AP.
A Factorization Result for Classical and Similitude Groups
Authors: Roche Alan , Vinroot C. Ryan
Published: July 2017

For most classical and similitude groups, we show that each element can be written as a product of two transformations that preserve or almost preserve the underlying form and whose squares are certain scalar maps. This generalizes work of Wonenburger and Vinroot. As an application, we re-prove and slightly extend a well-known result of Mœglin, Vignéras, and Waldspurger on the existence of automorphisms ofp-adic classical groups that take each irreducible smooth representation to its dual.
Os efeitos da crise financeira de 2008 no valor das empresas e nos ativos intangíveis
Authors: Sallaberry Jonatas Dutra , De Medeiros Otávio Ribeiro
Published: July 2017

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e identificar o que ocorreu com os intangíveis e o valor de mercado na crise de 2008. A amostra foi extraída da base de dados Economática®, em 40 períodos trimestrais, de 2003 a 2012. A análise identificou a relação dos intangíveis ao longo do tempo e em momentos de crise financeira, sendo que, com esta crise, foi reduzido em 74%, uma perda superior a R$ 1,5 trilhões entre 2007 e 2008. O valor de mercado cresceu R$ 2 trilhões, entre 2003 e 2007, enquanto o patrimônio líquido manteve-se em contínuo crescimento. Assim, foi possível concluir que o mercado de capitais, no Brasil, teve uma significativa ampliação de seus intangíveis, semelhante a mercados emergentes e desenvolvidos, e na crise financeira de 2008, os intangíveis e os investidores tiveram perdas de R$ 1,2 e R$ 1,5 trilhões, respectivamente.
Gestão do conhecimento e vantagem competitiva: estudo no setor metal mecânico
Authors: Centenaro Andressa , Bonemberger Angela Maria Ortolan , Laimer Claudionor Guedes
Published: July 2017

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores relacionados à cultura organizacional que auxiliam nos processos de gestão do conhecimento, colaborando para geração de vantagem competitiva nas empresas do setor metal mecânico. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com estratégia de levantamento de dados, mediante a aplicação de um questionário estruturado em uma amostra de 63 profissionais colaboradores de 13 empresas do setor metal mecânico. Os resultados foram analisados através da regressão múltipla e indicam que para o segmento estudado, a aprendizagem e a confiança são preditores positivos e significativos da gestão do conhecimento. Dessa forma, pode-se inferir que as empresas que estimularem seus colaboradores para a aprendizagem e investirem na manutenção da confiança entre os membros da organização, poderão obter melhor desempenho na gestão do conhecimento. Por fim, os resultados revelam ainda, que a gestão do conhecimento influencia diretamente o desempenho e a efetividade organizacional, demonstrando que o uso e o compartilhamento dos conhecimentos tácito e explícito são geradores de vantagem competitiva frente aos concorrentes.
Modelo de Strategizing da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC): sistematização do processo de implementação de RSC considerando o enfoque da Estratégia como Prática Responsibility
Authors: Welzel Evelize , Lavarda Rosalia Aldraci Barbosa
Published: July 2017

Partindo do modelo interdisciplinar de RSC, o objetivo deste estudo é propor um modelo para o desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias socialmente responsáveis relacionando-o ao modelo de strategizing. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica apresentada em forma de ensaio teórico. Entende-se que o objetivo foi alcançado através da elaboração do Modelo de Strategizing para implementação da RSC. Dessa forma, pretendeu-se oferecer uma contribuição tanto à academia quanto aos gestores das organizações, a fim de que os mesmos considerem a importância das atividades práticas de RSC, quando devidamente traduzidas em praxis, alinhadas e implementadas pelos praticantes da estratégia.
As Instituições e sua Compreensão: seria algo propício às premissas interpretativistas?
Authors: Massaro Marcio Luis
Published: July 2017

Críticas voltadas à Teoria Institucional (TI), atentam principalmente contra sua fragilidade metodológica. É perceptível que sua base funcionalista, não proporciona um aparato metodológico adequado, às pesquisas na área, o que, limita suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento em Estudos Organizacionais. A despeito das divergências paradigmáticas entre Funcionalismo e Interpretativismo, nas proposições de Burrel e Morgan (2006), este ensaio propõe a aproximação de ambos, através do uso da fenomenologia como recurso metodológico para os estudos no âmbito da TI. O pressuposto central é de que, a fenomenologia, como instrumental metodológico, pode potencializar os resultados no campo da TI, à medida que lhe confira maior capacidade de subjetivar suas análises. O estudo é de ordem qualitativa, no modelo de ensaio teórico, de cunho descritivo. Concluiu-se que existem pontos de convergências entre as duas linhas de pensamento, que torna viável e desejável, a aproximação da fenomenologia como ferramenta metodológica para a TI.
Compreendendo as Inovações Empreendidas nos Sistemas de Operações de Serviços por meio do Método PCN Analysis: um estudo de múltiplos casos em serviços de atendimento ao cidadão
Authors: Scanfone Leila , Torres Júnior Noel
Published: July 2017

Diante do forte crescimento e competição no setor de serviços, a demanda por maior efetividade nas organizações deste setor se faz cada vez mais presente. Nesse contexto, novos serviços devem ser desenvolvidos por meio de um projeto de serviço que possibilite processos mais eficientes e que entregue uma proposta adequada de valor ao cliente. Posto isto, o presente trabalho utiliza o diagrama Process-Chain-Network (PCN) e o seu método de análise, para melhor compreender as características das inovações empreendidas nos sistemas de operações e suas implicações no processo de oferta de valor, em três projetos de serviços de atendimento ao cidadão, ofertados pela Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais. Os dados coletados em campo, por meio de entrevistas, documentos e observação direta, possibilitaram a construção do diagrama PCN e a análise do mesmo para cada serviço. Os resultados apontaram que a aplicação do método PCN Analysis é eficaz no entendimento das diferenças e similaridades existentes nas inovações empreendidas nos projetos de serviços estudados.
In situ chemical composition measurement of individual cloud residue particles at a mountain site, southern China
Authors: Lin Qinhao , Zhang Guohua , Peng Long , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming , Brechtel Fred J. , Li Mei , Chen Duohong , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying , Zhou Zhen
Published: July 2017

Abstract. To investigate how atmospheric aerosol particles interact with chemical composition of cloud droplets, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) coupled with a real-time single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to assess the chemical composition and mixing state of individual cloud residue particles in the Nanling Mountains (1690 m a. s. l. ), southern China, in January 2016. The cloud residues were classified into nine particle types: aged elemental carbon (EC), potassium-rich (K-rich), amine, dust, Pb, Fe, organic carbon (OC), sodium-rich (Na-rich) and Other. The largest fraction of the total cloud residues was the aged EC type (49.3 %), followed by the K-rich type (33.9 %). Abundant aged EC cloud residues that mixed internally with inorganic salts were found in air masses from northerly polluted areas. The number fraction (NF) of the K-rich cloud residues increased within southwesterly air masses from fire activities in Southeast Asia. When air masses changed from northerly polluted areas to southwesterly ocean and livestock areas, the amine particles increased from 0.2 to 15.1 % of the total cloud residues. The dust, Fe, Pb, Na-rich and OC particle types had a low contribution (0.5–4.1 %) to the total cloud residues. Higher fraction of nitrate (88–89 %) was found in the dust and Na-rich cloud residues relative to sulfate (41–42 %) and ammonium (15–23 %). Higher intensity of nitrate was found in the cloud residues relative to the ambient particles. Compared with nonactivated particles, nitrate intensity decreased in all cloud residues except for dust type. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on in situ observation of the chemical composition and mixing state of individual cloud residue particles in China.
Using depolarization to quantify ice nucleating particle concentrations: a new method
Authors: Zenker Jake , Collier Kristen N. , Xu Guanglang , Yang Ping , Levin Ezra J. T. , Suski Kaitlyn J. , DeMott Paul J. , Brooks Sarah D.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We have developed a new method to determine ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations observed by a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) under a wide range of operating conditions. In this study, we evaluate differences in particle optical properties detected by the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with POLarization (CASPOL) to differentiate between ice crystals, droplets, and aerosols. The depolarization signal from the CASPOL instrument is used to determine the occurrence of water droplet breakthrough (WDBT) conditions in the CFDC, under which traditional determination of ice nucleating particle concentrations by size discrimination fails. To overcome the challenge of WDBT, we design a new analysis method using depolarization ratio that can extend the range of operating conditions of the CFDC. The method agrees reasonably well with the traditional method under non-WDBT conditions with a mean percent error of ±32.1 %. Additionally, a comparison with the Colorado State University (CSU) CFDC shows that the new analysis method can be used reliably during WDBT conditions.
Modern to millennium-old greenhouse gases emitted from ponds and lakes of the Eastern Canadian Arctic (Bylot Island, Nunavut)
Authors: Bouchard F. , Laurion I. , Prėskienis V. , Fortier D. , Xu X. , Whiticar M. J.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Ponds and lakes are widespread across the rapidly changing permafrost environments. Aquatic systems play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles, especially in greenhouse gas (GHG) exchanges between terrestrial systems and the atmosphere. The source, speciation and emission rate of carbon released from permafrost landscapes are strongly influenced by local conditions, hindering pan-Arctic generalizations. This study reports on GHG ages and emission rates from aquatic systems located on Bylot Island, in the continuous permafrost zone of the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Dissolved and ebullition gas samples were collected during the summer season from different types of water bodies located in a highly dynamic periglacial valley: polygonal ponds, collapsed ice-wedge trough ponds, and larger lakes. The results showed strikingly different ages and fluxes depending on aquatic system types. Polygonal ponds were net sinks of dissolved CO2, but variable sources of dissolved CH4. They presented the highest ebullition fluxes, 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than from other ponds and lakes. Trough ponds appeared as substantial GHG sources, especially when their edges were actively eroding. Both types of ponds produced modern to hundreds of years old (< 550 yr BP) GHG, even if trough ponds could contain much older carbon (> 2000 yr BP) derived from freshly eroded peat. Lakes had small dissolved and ebullition fluxes, however they released much older GHG, including millennium-old CH4 (up to 3500 yr BP) from lake central areas. Acetoclastic methanogenesis dominated at all study sites and there was minimal, if any, methane oxidation in gas emitted through ebullition. These findings provide new insights on GHG emissions by permafrost aquatic systems and their potential positive feedback effect on climate.
The Total Carbon Column Observing Network Site Description for
Lauder, New Zealand
Authors: Pollard David F. , Sherlock Vanessa , Robinson John , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Connor Brian , Shiona Hisako
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In this paper we describe the retrievals of atmospheric trace gases from near infrared, high resolution solar absorption spectroscopy measurements at the Lauder atmospheric research station in New Zealand and submitted to the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) archive. The Lauder site (45.034°S, 169.68°E, 370 masl) is located within a sparsely populated region of the South Island of New Zealand, and is sheltered from the prevailing wind direction by the Southern Alps, which gives the site a high number of clear-sky days and an airmass that is largely unmodified by regional anthropogenic sources. The Lauder TCCON archive consists of data from two instruments; a Bruker IFS 120HR from June 2004 to February 2010 and a Bruker IFS 125HR from February 2010 to present. The bias between the two instrument is assessed to be 0.068% for CO2. Since measurements using the IFS 125HR began, the standard deviation about the hourly mean has been better than 0.1% for 96.81% of CO2 column retrievals. The retrievals have been calibrated against in situ airborne measurements to correct for biases and provide traceability to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) scales with an accuracy of 0.1% for CO2. The Lauder TCCON time series of retrieved dry-air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, N2O, HF, H2O, HDO and CO are available from the TCCON data archive. The DOIs are: doi:10.14291/tccon.ggg2014.lauder01.R0/1149293 for the IFS 120HR data doi:10.14291/tccon.ggg2014.lauder02.R0/1149298 for the IFS 125HR data.
Efficient retention of mud drives land building on the Mississippi Delta plain
Authors: Esposito Christopher R. , Shen Zhixiong , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. , Marshak Jonathan , White Christopher
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Many of the world's deltas – home to major population centers – are rapidly degrading due to reduced sediment supply, making these systems less resilient to increasing rates of relative sea-level rise. The Mississippi Delta faces some of the highest rates of wetland loss in the world. As a result, multibillion dollar plans for coastal restoration by means of river diversions are currently nearing implementation. River diversions aim to bring sediment back to the presently sediment-starved delta plain. Within this context, sediment retention efficiency (SRE) is a critical parameter because it dictates the effectiveness of river diversions. Several recent studies have focused on land building along the open coast, showing SREs ranging from 5 to 30 %. Here we measure the SRE of a large relict crevasse splay in an inland, vegetated setting that serves as an appropriate model for river diversions. By comparing the mass fraction of sand in the splay deposit to the estimated sand fraction that entered it during its life cycle, we find that this mud-dominated sediment body has an SRE of ≥ 75 %, i.e., dramatically higher than its counterparts on the open coast. Our results show that transport pathways for mud are critical for delta evolution and that SRE is highly variable across a delta. We conclude that sediment diversions located in settings that are currently still vegetated are likely to be the most effective in mitigating land loss and providing long-term sustainability.
Multiscale soil moisture estimates using static and roving cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors
Authors: McJannet David , Hawdon Aaron , Baker Brett , Renzullo Luigi , Searle Ross
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Soil moisture plays a critical role in land surface processes and as such there has been a recent increase in the number and resolution of satellite soil moisture observations and development of land surface process models with ever increasing resolution. Despite these developments, validation and calibration of these products has been limited because of a lack of observations at corresponding scales. A recently developed mobile soil moisture monitoring platform, known as the rover, offers opportunities to overcome this scale issue. This paper describes a research project aimed at producing soil moisture estimates at a range of scales that are commensurate with model and satellite retrievals. Our investigation involved static cosmic ray neutron sensors and rover surveys across both broad (36 × 36 km at 9 km resolution) and intensive (10 × 10 km at 1 km resolution) scales in a cropping district in the Mallee region of Victoria, Australia. We describe approaches for converting rover survey neutron counts to soil moisture and discuss the factors controlling soil moisture variability. Measurements revealed that temporal patterns in soil moisture were preserved through time and regression modelling approaches were utilised to produce time series of property scale soil moisture which may also have application in calibration and validation studies or local farm management. Intensive scale rover surveys produced reliable soil moisture estimates at 1 km resolution while broad scale surveys produced soil moisture estimates at 9 km resolution. We conclude that the multiscale soil moisture products produced in this study are well suited to future analysis of satellite soil moisture retrievals and finer scale soil moisture models.
Seasonal streamflow forecasts in the Ahlergaarde catchment,
Denmark: effect of preprocessing and postprocessing on skill and
statistical consistency
Authors: Lucatero Diana , Madsen Henrik , Refsgaard Jens C. , Kidmose Jacob , Jensen Karsten H.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In the present study we analyze the effect of bias adjustments in both meteorological and streamflow forecasts on skill and reliability of monthly average streamflow and low flow forecasts. Both raw and pre-processed meteorological seasonal forecast from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are used as inputs to a spatially distributed, coupled surface – subsurface hydrological model based on the MIKE SHE code in order to generate streamflow predictions up to seven months in advance. In addition to this, we postprocess streamflow predictions using an empirical quantile mapping that adjusts the predictive distribution in order to match the observed one. Bias, skill and statistical consistency are the qualities evaluated throughout the forecast generating strategies and we analyze where the different strategies fall short to improve them. ECMWF System 4-based streamflow forecasts tend to show a lower accuracy level than those generated with an ensemble of historical observations, a method commonly known as Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP). This is particularly true at longer lead times, for the dry season and for streamflow stations that exhibit low hydrological model errors. Biases in the mean are better removed by postprocessing that in turn is reflected in the higher level of statistical consistency. However, in general, the reduction of these biases is not enough to ensure a higher level of accuracy than the ESP forecasts. This is true for both monthly mean and minimum yearly streamflow forecasts. We highlight the importance of including a better estimation of the initial state of the catchment, which will increase the capability of the system to forecast streamflow at longer leads.
State Updating and Calibration Period Selection to Improve Dynamic Monthly Streamflow Forecasts for a Wetland Management Application
Authors: Gibbs Matthew S. , McInerney David , Humphrey Greer , Thyer Mark A. , Maier Holger R. , Dandy Graeme C. , Kavetski Dmitri
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Sub-seasonal streamflow forecasts provide useful information for a range of water resource management and planning applications. This work has focused on improving forecasts for one such application: the management of water available in an open channel drainage network to maximise environmental and social outcomes in a region in southern Australia. Conceptual rainfall-runoff models with a postprocessor error model for uncertainty analysis were applied to provide forecasts of monthly streamflow. Two aspects were considered to improve the accuracy of the forecasts: 1) state updating to force the models to match observations from the start of the forecast period, and 2) selection of a calibration period representative of the forecast period. Five metrics were used to assess forecast performance, representing the reliability, precision, bias and skill of the forecasts produced, using both observed and forecast climate data. The results indicate that assimilating observed streamflow data into the model, by updating the storage level at the start of a forecast period, improved the performance of the forecasts across the metrics when compared to an approach that “warmed up” the storage levels using historical climate data. The shorter calibration period improved the performance of the forecasts, particularly for a catchment that was expected to have experienced a change in the rainfall-runoff relationship in the past. The results highlight the importance of identifying a calibration record representative of the expected forecast conditions, and if this step is ignored degradation of predictive performance can result.
Assessment of uncertainties in soil erosion and sediment yield estiamtes
at ungauged basins: an application to the Garra River basin, India
Authors: Swarnkar Somil , Malini Anshu , Tripathi Shivam , Sinha Rajiv
Published: July 2017

Abstract. High soil erosion and excessive sediment load are serious problems in several Himalayan River basins. To apply mitigation procedures, precise estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield with associated uncertainties are needed. Here, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) equations are used to estimate the spatial pattern of soil erosion (SE) and sediment yield (SY) in the Garra River basin, a small Himalayan tributary of River Ganga. A methodology is proposed for quantifying and propagating uncertainties in SE, SDR and SY estimates. Expressions for uncertainty propagation are derived by first-order uncertainty analysis, making the method viable even for large river basins. The methodology is applied to investigate the relative importance of different RUSLE factors in estimating the magnitude and uncertainties of SE over two distinct morpho-climatic regimes of the Garra River basin, namely, upper mountainous region & lower alluvial plains. The results suggest that average SE in the basin falls in very high category (20.4 ± 4.1 t/ha/y) with higher values in the upper mountainous region (84.4 ± 13.9 t/ha/y) than in the lower alluvial plains (17.7 ± 3.6 t/ha/y). Furthermore, the topographic steepness (LS) and crop practice (CP) factors exhibit higher uncertainties than other RUSLE factors. The annual average SY is estimated at two locations in the basin – Nanak Sagar dam (NSD) for the period 1962–2008 and Husepur gauging station (HGS) for 1987–2002. The SY at NSD and HGS are estimated to be 8.0 ± 1.4 × 105 t/y and 7.9 ± 1.7 ×106 t/y, respectively, and the estimated 90 % confidence interval contains the observed values 6.4 × 105 t/y and 7.2 × 106 t/y. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed methodology for quantifying uncertainty in SE and SY estimates at ungauged basins.
Simulating cold-region hydrology in an intensively drained agricultural watershed in Manitoba, Canada, using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model
Authors: Cordeiro Marcos R. C. , Wilson Henry F. , Vanrobaeys Jason , Pomeroy John W. , Fang Xing ,   The Red-Assiniboine Project Biophysical Modelling Team
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Etrophication and flooding are perennial problems in agricultural watersheds of the northern Great Plains. A high proportion of annual runoff and nutrient transport occurs with snowmelt in this region. Extensive surface drainage modification, frozen soils, and frequent backwater or ice-damming impacts on flow measurement represent unique challenges to accurately modelling watershed-scale hydrological processes. A physically based, non-calibrated model created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was parameterized to simulate hydrological processes within a low slope, clay soil, and intensively surface drained agricultural watershed. These characteristics are common to most tributaries of the Red River of the north. Analysis of the observed water level records for the study watershed (La Salle River) indicates that ice cover and backwater issues at time of peak flow may impact the accuracy of both modelled and measured streamflows, highlighting the value of evaluating a non-calibrated model in this environment. Simulations best matched the streamflow record in years when peak and annual discharges were equal to or above the medians of 6.7 m3 s−1 and 1.25  × 107 m3, respectively, with an average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.76. Simulation of low-flow years (below the medians) was more challenging (average NSE  <  0), with simulated discharge overestimated by 90 % on average. This result indicates the need for improved understanding of hydrological response in the watershed under drier conditions. Simulation during dry years was improved when infiltration was allowed prior to soil thaw, indicating the potential importance of preferential flow. Representation of in-channel dynamics and travel time under the flooded or ice-jam conditions should also receive attention in further model development efforts. Despite the complexities of the study watershed, simulations of flow for average to high-flow years and other components of the water balance were robust (snow water equivalency (SWE) and soil moisture). A sensitivity analysis of the flow routing model suggests a need for improved understanding of watershed functions under both dry and flooded conditions due to dynamic routing conditions, but overall CRHM is appropriate for simulation of hydrological processes in agricultural watersheds of the Red River. Falsifications of snow sublimation, snow transport, and infiltration to frozen soil processes in the validated base model indicate that these processes were very influential in stream discharge generation.
MÉMOIRE OUBLIEUSE: POSSÍVEL CONTRIBUIÇÃO “INVOLUNTÁRIA” DE PATRICK MODIANO À NARRATIVA DO PASSADO
Authors: De Lemos Thiago Tremonte
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo procura oferecer reflexões a partir da noção de mémoire oublieuse, do escritor francês Patrick Modiano, tomando-a como instrumento possível de métodos historiográficos que tenham como seu principal mote o diálogo interdisciplinar da história com outras áreas do conhecimento, sobretudo no que se refere às potencialidades da memória como fonte para a construção de narrativas do passado.
MULHERES E A PINTURA PARANAENSE: RELAÇÃO ENTRE ARTE E GÊNERO (FIM DO SÉCULO XIX E COMEÇO DO SÉCULO XX)
Authors: Priori Claudia
Published: July 2017

Este artigo aborda a presença e atuação de mulheres no campo da arte paranaense, no fim do século XIX e começo do século XX, analisando os espaços ocupados por elas nesse cenário artístico, suas trajetórias, expressões e ainda, como essas artistas eram vistas e representadas pela sociedade. Para isso, realizamos pesquisas na produção bibliográfica que trata da temática, jornais da época, bem como levantamento de dados junto aos acervos de museus. Nossa abordagem parte da perspetiva dos estudos de gênero, articulada com os estudos da Arte, pois essa temática é ainda carente de atenção por parte da historiografia, motivos que nos estimulam a problematizar os lugares das mulheres nas artes, especialmente na pintura, uma vez que as áreas da educação, da arte e da cultura eram restritas e pouco desenvolvidas na recém-emancipada província. Além disso, os mundos das artes e da ciência eram poucos ocupados por mulheres, devido às imposições sociais, papéis e lugares atribuídos ao gênero feminino. Diante disso, buscamos analisar a relação entre arte e gênero, percebendo as implicações e dificuldades para a inserção feminina no campo artístico.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Souza Christiane Maria Cruz de , Alves Ismael Gonçalves
Published: July 2017

Apresentação do dossiê História da Assistência
ENTRE A CARIDADE E O SABER MÉDICO: OS EMBATES EM TORNO DA ASSISTÊNCIA ÀS CRIANÇAS ABANDONADAS NO RECIFE (1840-1860)
Authors: Nascimento Alcileide Cabral do
Published: July 2017

Entre os anos de 1840 e 1860, a assistência social no Recife foi duramente criticada, em particular a que era destinada às crianças expostas e à instituição responsável por elas: a Casa dos Expostos. Neste artigo procuro historicizar as tentativas do discurso médico de construir uma noção de salubridade, de organização e gestão das crianças abandonadas e pobres asiladas na Casa dos Expostos que se confronta com os costumes e as práticas caritativas arraigadas profundamente na cultura. A força do discurso médico-higienista ganha concretude com a aprovação do Regulamento dos Estabelecimentos de Caridade de 1847. Mas a tentativa de regular, ordenar, limpar, vigiar e instituir um meio salubre e higiênico se confronta com formas variadas de vida e respostas emanadas das crianças, mulheres, amas de leite e famílias pobres, que não apenas resistiam às tentativas de controle e regulamentação de sua vida, mas também faziam usos diversos da Instituição. O saber médico precisou de mais tempo e de muitos embates, com diferentes formas de vida e de reinventar no mundo, para galgar hegemonia sobre a população e a cidade, bem como para estabelecer um discurso homogêneo dentro de suas próprias fronteiras. Mas sua vitória não se deu sem conflitos, além de ter sofrido algumas derrotas.
“POR UN BESO DE TU BOCA”: ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE BUCAL INFANTIL NA REVISTA SALUD Y SANIDAD DA COLÔMBIA (DÉCADA DE 1930)
Authors: Oliveira Iranilson Buriti de , Santos Lais Vasconcelos
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo realiza uma análise dos discursos médico-higienista de profissionais dentistas sobre as crianças colombianas na década de 1930 veiculadas na Revista Salud y Sanidad. Para tanto, uma pesquisa documental de abordagem bibliográfica e exploratória foi desenvolvida. Na análise, dialogamos com a teoria que repensa os conceitos de leitura e de apropriação de discursos construídos pela Nova História Cultural, o que nos possibilitou problematizar as formas de ler e os modos de prescrever o corpo higienizado, civilizado, moderno e educado na ótica da assistência à saúde bucal infantil. Considera-se que a compreensão da saúde bucal como uma estratégia adotada pelo Estado colombiano em prol da modernidade de seus cidadãos, desdobra-se no entendimento de que as crianças foram alvos de práticas assistencialistas e de métodos normativos. Estes métodos são encontrados: 1) em atividades familiares; 2) em atividades escolares e 3) em atividades profissionais, nas quais se situam os dentistas, inseridos nos espaços escolares para assistir, cuidar e prevenir doenças, promovendo regulamentos sobre corpos saudáveis por meio de avaliações clínicas e de incentivo a práticas como a escovação.
A Useful Chart for Providing Self-Assessment Opportunities to Students
Authors: Núñez García Julio César , Tamayo Marisela Alfaro
Published: July 2017

When learning something, it is of paramount importance to evaluate our progress during the several steps involved inthe process. Providing an assessment environment helps our students to reflect constantly about their performanceand the things they should avoid or do as to attain better results. It is also a necessary activity for helping them tolearn effectively the English language. As they become aware of the possibilities that offers using a tool allowingthem to assess their learning and performance, their proficiency, monitored in this type of environment, shapes theexpected results.This article presents an experience based on the use of an assessment chart provided to students to help themassessing themselves when learning the English language. Professors involved in the application of the chart referredto the changes occurred in the students´ performance and their awareness about certain elements that they were notable to identify and control previously to the implementation of the chart. After that, they considered them as of greatimportance for evaluating their performance when learning the English language both as learners and as professors tobe.