bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemo-photothermal therapy of bacterial infections using metal–organic framework-integrated polymeric network coatings
Authors: Yu Lulu , Wu Huajun , Sathishkumar Gnanasekar , He Xiaodong , Ran Runlong , Zhang Kai , Rao Xi , Kang En-Tang , Xu Liqun
Published: August 2024

A multifunctional MOF-integrated polymeric coating was deposited on the substrate surface in a one-step process to eradicate the adhered bacteria via combined antibacterial chemotherapeutic and photothermal therapeutic effects.
A fluorescent “Turn-ON” probe with rapid and differential response to HSA and BSA: quantitative detection of HSA in urine
Authors: Gupta Rohini , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: August 2024

The present study provides insight into the differential response of a benzimidazole-malononitrile fluorescent “Turn-ON” probe on interaction with two structurally similar proteins, BSA and HSA.
Size-dependent electromagnetic wave absorption of 3C–SiC particles
Authors: Zhao Hairui , Liu Wentao , Liu Jingxiang , Shao Zongyi , Wang Zhijiang
Published: August 2024

1. The reaction pathways for synthesizing micrometer-scale 3C–SiC powders under an N2 atmosphere. 2. The electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of 3C–SiC powders.
Synthesis and property modulation of linearly polarized luminescent side-chain polymers with room-temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Wen Yahan , Fan Chunyan , Gong Wei , Yuan Yongjie , Zhang Hailiang
Published: August 2024

A series of purely organic linearly polarized room-temperature phosphorescent side-chain polymers were successful synthesized using a template-assisted method.
Achieving super lithium storage of FeC2O4/Gs composites with dual-level structured graphene sheets through electrostatic adherence
Authors: Li Zengmou , Zhao Qing , Zhang Keyu , Cui Dingfang , Chen Keqi , Gong Yusheng , Zhang Shaoze , Li Yin , Hu Junxian , Yang Bin , Yao Yaochun
Published: August 2024

FeC2O4/Gs composites with dual-level structured graphene sheets were constructed via electrostatic adherence technology, which provide a facile pathway for fast electron transfer, more channels for Li+ diffusion, and excellent structural stability.
Electro-optical properties of a strain-induced borocarbonitride monolayer from many-body perturbation theory
Authors: Wan Jia , Wang Haibin , Shu Huabing
Published: August 2024

Electro-optical properties of a borocarbonitride monolayer under tensile strains.
A novel iterative double auction design and simulation platform for packetized energy trading of prosumers in a residential microgrid
Authors: Hou Luyang , Li Yuanliang , Yan Jun , Liu Yuhong , Ghafour Mohsen , Wang Li , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2024

Packetized energy encapsulates energy into modulated, routable, and trackable energy packets, enhancing the flexibility of managing distributed energy resources and expediting prosumers’ participation in transactive energy markets. In the context of packetized energy trading (PET), energy prosumers are naturally deemed as self‐interested agents seeking to obtain their own benefits. To align with prosumers’ demand, supply, quality of service (QoS), and system‐level social welfare, it is necessary to explore the design of prosumers’ bidding strategies and the market clearing methods, considering prosumers’ utility and the best demand response to markets. This study addresses challenges arising from prosumers’ selfishness and asymmetric preferences by proposing a PET‐oriented iterative double auction (IDA‐PET) design, where prosumers are allowed to iteratively change the bids before the auctioneer clears the market. Moreover, IDA‐PET accommodates system capacity constraints, energy balance, and economic constraints, providing cooperative strategies for both prosumers and the auctioneer. To validate the effectiveness of IDA‐PET, a novel and dedicated co‐simulation platform based on the hierarchical engine for large‐scale infrastructure co‐simulation platform is developed and case studies are conducted within a residential microgrid. The simulation results demonstrate that IDA‐PET can efficiently enhance the revenue of the auction market while meeting prosumers’ QoS requirements.
A BIM-based Framework for Quantifying Embodied Emissions from MEP Systems in Building Life Cycle Assessments
Authors: Petersen Arnkell Jonas , Steneng Christian , Utstøl Simon , Liaøy Anders
Published: August 2024

Embodied emissions from Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing systems (MEP) in buildings contribute substantially to the carbon footprint of buildings. Because of lack of standardized methods, reliable data, and environmental product declarations (EPD), MEP systems have typically been excluded from Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs). With increasing emission reduction efforts for other building components, the share of embodied emissions for MEP will rise if not focused on. This research fills the gap by introducing a comprehensive framework for quantifying embodied emissions for Mechanical and plumbing systems (MP). Our approach includes three main components: a BIM based embodied emissions calculation methodology, an EPD database, and guidelines for estimating emissions in data gaps. Seamless integration into the building information model (BIM) tool Revit, allows MEP designers to access real-time emissions data and engage in iterative design for reduced carbon footprint. Testing of the framework on a building in the design-stage indicates that emissions from replacement of components can constitute up to 50% of total material emissions for MP during the calculation period, that the emissions from MP can be in the order of 8-20 % of the total emissions from material use in a new office building and that ventilation, heating and fire suppression constitute the largest contribution to the total. Optimization of MP-solutions appears to offer substantial emission reduction.
Data-driven model for real-time evaluating capacity of commercial buildings to participate in the demand response
Authors: Belikov Juri , Matskevich Aliaksei , Kose Ahmet , Petlenkov Eduard
Published: August 2024

The collective building stock is a major energy consumer, driving political discussions and forcing building owners to seek out cost-effective technologies. This creates a business opportunity in demand response (DR) services for commercial real estate. Despite recent efforts, developing a simple, scalable model remains an open question. We develop a real-time method for estimating electricity consumption profiles and inertia, enabling a bidding strategy on the DR market without compromising indoor climate. Accurate prediction of temperature changes is achieved through efficient models validated with real data.
Expanding Building Archetypes to Estimate the Indoor Environment Thermal Storage Capacity in the Danish Building Stock when Performing Demand Response
Authors: Johra Hicham , Goupy Maxime , Wittchen Kim
Published: August 2024

Short-term demand response leveraging the energy flexibility of the building stock is a key solution to decarbonise and ensure the reliability and sustainability of smart energy grids dominated by intermittent renewable energy sources. Most of the building demand response capacity depends on different forms of energy storage in the built environment. In addition to electric batteries, hot water storage tanks, ground source heat exchanger or dispatchable on-site renewable energy sources, buildings possess a tremendous thermal storage capacity within the thermal inertia of their structure and indoor environment. The latter can easily be harnessed with heating/cooling indoor temperature setpoint modulation strategies. However, there is a clear lack of large-scale estimates of this indoor environment thermal storage capacity in the different building stocks. To tackle this issue, detailed dynamic numerical models of the different building typologies in European countries are generated to assess the potential of demand response strategies at nationwide levels. The current paper presents the preliminary results on the thermal storage capacity in the Danish building stock when performing heating temperature setpoint modulation. These results are based on estimates of the effective thermal inertia of the different building archetypes in Denmark. They show that the Danish building stock contains immense thermal storage capacity, which is comparable to all combined batteries in a large fleet of electric vehicles or all industrial-size storage tanks in district heating plants.
VAV fan coil and demand controlled active chilled beam systems energy efficiency and thermal comfort performance comparison in a Japanese office building
Authors: Ahmed Kaiser , Yoon Gyuyoung , Ukai Makiko , Kurnitski Jarek
Published: August 2024

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of indoor thermal condition, indoor air quality and energysaving potentials in a Japanese office building, comparing demand controlled VAV fan coil and active chilled beam (CB) room conditioning systems. The significant difference in these systems is whether or not to recirculate the conditioned air. The comparison was conducted with Osaka climate where cooling dominated over heating needs and higher summer humidity posed additional challenges. A typical Japanese office building was modeled in IDA-ICE for multizone operational performance assessment of studied systems. Also, primary side of heating and cooling system with air to water heat pump chiller was simulated using LCEM-tool ver. 3.01 to analyze HVAC energy consumption. Fan electricity was reduced with the implemented CB over existing fan coil system. These energy savings can be attributed to the difference in supply air volume and FCU installation. Both systems maintained indoor temperature and CO2 concentrations within the same limits, requiring fine-tuning of setpoints. CB operated with slightly higher relative humidity as it is less effective at dehumidifying the air, operating at non-condensing coil temperatures with dew point control. Overall seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP calculated with PEF) was 1.37 for VAV system and 1.45 for CB system. The findings offer insights for sustainable HVAC systems, enhancing indoor air quality in offices.
Validation of methods for developing typical meteorological years based on future climate models
Authors: Seyed Salehi Seyed Shahabaldin , Männik Aarne , Kalamees Targo , Thalfeldt Martin
Published: August 2024

You Buildings designed for coming decades are more susceptible to global warming, rising average temperatures, and heat waves, which are of a greater risk than in the 1990s. Simulation-based design decisions may be inaccurate if just historical data is used to generate climate files. The building's energy performance, cooling and heating system’s design, and room unit sizing require reliable weather data. So far mainly historic meteorological data has been used for simulations. Annual simulations and cooling/heating system design often use a typical meteorological year (TMY) based on historical data using ISO 15927-4 and ISO 15927-2 thorough instructions for TMY for annual simulations and design day data. The above climate models lack the data needed to construct TMYs for building performance simulation (BPS) tools. Climate model forecast accuracy must also be examined from the BPS perspective. This work aims to illustrate and test methods for producing TMYs using three climate models with different resolution and modality in Tartu, Estonia, from 1985 to 2015. The ISO 15927-4 approach selected months from historical meteorological data appropriate for each climate model. Three BPS TMYs were created, and a reference building's energy needs simulated. Long-term historical data was used to simulate the reference building's energy requirement and develop TMYs. The results showed that all the TMYs developed based on NorESM, MPIESM and ECEarth climate models can represent well the energy needs obtained with the TMY based on historical weather data depending on the TMY generation method while MPIESM shows deficiency in cooling season. TMY based on NorESM have the most consistent energy need simulation results while TMY based on ECEarth also performs well both for predicting cooling and heating needs. The future work includes finding other suitable methods for TMY generation that results in even less errors for all models and further validation with other reference buildings for final climate model selection to develop future climate scenarios.
Exploring the limits of current ventilation systems and the unexplored potential
Authors: Van Thillo Jitse , Jorens Sandy , Kabbara Zakarya , Sörensen Kenneth , Verhaert Ivan
Published: August 2024

This paper compares the current generation of ventilation systems: natural ventilation, exhaust ventilation, and balanced ventilation, and weighs them against an ideal benchmark case. To achieve this, a transparent, selfdeveloped evaluation framework is constructed. This assessment framework is used to calculate three different and distinct performance indicators, namely CO2, moisture, and energy losses. The performance indicators are used to show the weaknesses and strengths of the systems in terms of indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy consumption, which are used to introduce a novel concept in terms of air recycling to increase IAQ and reduce energy consumption.
Underground nuclear astrophysics: Status and recent results from Felsenkeller laboratory
Authors: Masha Eliana , Bemmerer Daniel , Boeltzig Axel , Schmidt Konrad , Yadav Anup , Turkat Steffen , Zuber Kai
Published: August 2024

For almost three decades it has been known that the study of astro-physically important nuclear reactions between stable nuclei requires the use of low-background, underground accelerator laboratories. The Felsenkeller shallow-underground laboratory in Dresden, shielded by a 45 m thick rock cover, hosts a 5 MV Pelletron ion accelerator with an external sputter ion source (mainly able to provide carbon and oxygen beams) and an internal radio-frequency ion source (providing proton and alpha beams). The reduced muon, neutron and gamma-ray background achieved both with natural and active shielding situate the laboratory well in line with deep underground accelerator labs worldwide and allows highly sensitive nuclear reaction experiments. Currently, measurements affecting the solar fusion and Big Bang nucleosynthesis are ongoing. In addition to in-house research by HZDR and TU Dresden, the lab is an open facility for scientific users worldwide, with beam time applications reviewed by an independent science advisory board. Furthermore, EU-supported transnational access is available via the ChETEC- INFRA network for nuclear astrophysics. A brief introduction to underground nuclear astrophysics, status of the Felsenkeller shallow-underground laboratory and some preliminary results are discussed.
Effect on incomplete fusion of breakup fragments of the weakly bound projectile 8B in reactions with targets 27Al, 28Si, 208Pb and 209Bi
Authors: Gomez Camacho A.
Published: August 2024

Calculations of total, complete and incomplete fusion cross sections are presented as function of the incident energy of the weakly bound projectile 8B in reactions with light 27Al, 28Si and heavy 208Pb and 209Bi mass targets. In particular, the relative effect of the breakup fragments; proton and 7Be of 8B on incomplete fusion is determined. Also, the effect of an additional proton to the nuclear potential of the targets 28Si, 209Bi respect to 27Al and 208Pb is determined as a function of the incident energy. It is found that the proton absorption becomes more important than for 7Be for light targets for energies around and above the barrier, however, the inverse occurs for heavy targets. The calculations are performed with two different methods. The CDCC to determine the relative projectile-target radial wave functions which subsequently are used in the angular momentum-dependent model of fusion probabilities to calculate complete, incomplete and total fusion.
Four new species of Cichlidogyrus (Platyhelminthes, Monopisthocotyla, Dactylogyridae) from Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes, with the redescription of C. bifurcatus and C. longipenis
Authors: Gobbin Tiziana P. , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Seehausen Ole , Maan Martine E. , Pariselle Antoine
Published: August 2024

African cichlids are model systems for evolutionary studies and host-parasite interactions, because of their adaptive radiations and because they harbour many species of monogenean parasites with high host-specificity. Five locations were sampled in southern Lake Victoria: gill-infecting monogeneans were surveyed from 18 cichlid species belonging to this radiation superflock and two others representing two older and distantly related lineages. We found one species of Gyrodactylidae, Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert & Huyse, 2011, and seven species of Dactylogyridae. Four are described herein: Cichlidogyrus pseudodossoui n. sp., Cichlidogyrus nyanza n. sp., Cichlidogyrus furu n. sp., and Cichlidogyrus vetusmolendarius n. sp. Another Cichlidogyrus species is reported but not formally described (low number of specimens, morphological similarity with C. furu n. sp.). Two other species are redescribed: C. bifurcatus Paperna, 1960 and C. longipenis Paperna & Thurston, 1969. Our results confirm that the monogenean fauna of Victorian littoral cichlids displays lower species richness and lower host-specificity than that of Lake Tanganyika littoral cichlids. In C. furu n. sp., hooks V are clearly longer than the others, highlighting the need to re-evaluate the current classification system that considers hook pairs III–VII as rather uniform. Some morphological features of C. bifurcatus, C. longipenis, and C. nyanza n. sp. suggest that these are closely related to congeners that infect other haplochromines. Morphological traits indicate that representatives of Cichlidogyrus colonised Lake Victoria haplochromines or their ancestors at least twice, which is in line with the Lake Victoria superflock being colonised by two cichlid tribes (Haplochromini and Oreochromini).
Phlebotomine sand fly distribution and abundance in France: A systematic review
Authors: Prudhomme Jorian , Depaquit Jérôme , Robert-Gangneux Florence
Published: August 2024

Global changes in climate are contributing to modified Phlebotomine sand fly presence and activity, and the distribution of the pathogens they transmit (e.g., Leishmania and Phlebovirus), and are leading to their possible extension toward northern France. To predict the evolution of these pathogens and control their spread, it is essential to identify and characterize the presence and abundance of potential vectors. However, there are no recent publications describing sand fly species distribution in France. Consequently, we carried out a systematic review to provide distribution and abundance maps over time, along with a simplified dichotomous key for species in France. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, resulting in 172 relevant capture reports from 168 studies out of the 2646 documents retrieved, of which 552 were read and 228 analyzed. Seven species were recorded and categorized into three groups based on their abundance: low abundance species, abundant but little-studied species, and abundant vector species. Sand flies are certainly present throughout France but there is a greater diversity of species in the Mediterranean region. Phlebotomus perniciosus and Ph. ariasi are the most abundant and widely distributed species, playing a role as vectors of Leishmania. Sergentomyia minuta, though very abundant, remains under-studied, highlighting the need for further research. Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, and Ph. mascittii are present in low numbers and are less documented, limiting understanding of their potential role as vectors. This work provides the necessary basis for comparison of field data generated in the future.
Safety of Skin-to-Skin Contact with Umbilical Venous Catheter in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Study
Authors: Montaner-Ramon Alicia , Carrillo-Messa Elena , Merayo-Fernandez Laura , Cosmo-Garcia Inmaculada , Ramos-Soriano Isabel , Gonzalez-Garcia Laura , Camba-Longueira Fatima
Published: August 2024

Objective For many health care providers, an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) may be a contraindication for skin-to-skin contact (SSC). Our aim was to compare the frequency of adverse events between preterm infants who were on SSC with UVC and those who remained in an incubator.

Study Design Prospective observational study in newborns less than 35 weeks gestation. UVC-related adverse events were compared between neonates who performed SSC and those who did not. The incidence of catheter-related displacement, leak, loss, hemorrhage, malfunction, and bloodstream infection was studied.

Results From 226 patients, 171 performed SSC with UVC. Their first contact was earlier than in those who remained in an incubator (SSC-UVC, 29 hours [interquartile range (IQR): 21–53] vs. no SSC-UVC, 132 hours [IQR: 96–188]; p < 0.001). Both groups were similar in gestational age (SSC-UVC, 30 weeks vs. no SSC-UVC, 30.3 weeks; p = 0.331) and birth weight (SSC-UVC, 1,285 g vs. no SSC-UVC, 1,355 g; p = 0.2). Studied complications were not more frequent in patients who performed SSC. In fact, although it was not statistically significant, a lower overall incidence of adverse events (SSC-UVC, 13.5% vs. no SSC-UVC, 20%; p = 0.237) and catheter-related bloodstream infection (SSC-UVC, 4.7% vs. no SSC-UVC, 10.9%; p = 0.111) was observed in this group.

Conclusion SSC with a UVC is a safe procedure and there are no more complications in newborns who perform SSC compared to those who remain in the incubator. Due to its demonstrated benefits, SSC should be promoted in premature newborns regardless of the presence of a UVC.

Key Points
Effects of Supplementation with NAD +  Precursors on
Metabolic Syndrome Parameters: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oliveira-Cruz Amanda , Macedo-Silva Alessa , Silva-Lima Débora , Sanchez-Almeida Julia , Cruz-Coutinho Lívia , Santos Tavares Matheus Paiva , Majerowicz David
Published: August 2024

Intracellular levels of NAD +  regulate metabolism, among other ways,
through enzymes that use NAD +  as a substrate, capable of inducing
catabolic processes, such as lipid oxidation, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial
activity. In several model organisms, administering precursor compounds for
NAD + synthesis increases its levels, improves lipid and glucose
homeostasis, and reduces weight gain. However, evidence of the effects of these
precursors on human patients needs to be better evaluated. Therefore, we carried
out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that
assessed the effects of NAD +  precursors on Metabolic Syndrome
parameters in humans. We based our methods on PRISMA 2020. Our search retrieved
429 articles, and 19 randomized controlled trials were included in the
meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias with the Rob 2 algorithm and
summarized the quality of evidence with the GRADE algorithm. Supplementation
with NAD +  precursors reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and
triglycerides in volunteers, but the intervention did not significantly affect
the other outcomes analyzed. Three of the included articles presented a high
risk of bias. The quality of evidence varied between very low and low due to the
risk of bias, imprecision, and indirectness. The number of participants in
outcomes other than lipidemia is still generally tiny; therefore, more clinical
trials evaluating these parameters will increase the quality of the evidence. On
the other hand, quality randomized studies are essential to assess better the
effects of NAD +  precursors on lipidemia.
Sputtered AlOx interlayer for improving performance of a-InGaZnO TFTs: A study on hydrogen diffusion mitigation and electron modulation
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Feng , Li Xuyang , Kuang Dan , Liu Xianwen , Zhang Shuo , Bao Zongchi , Yuan Guangcai , Guo Jian , Ning Ce , Shi Dawei , Yu Zhinong
Published: August 2024

In this study, we developed an a-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) structure that inserts a sputtered AlOx intermediate layer (IL) within the active layer. The IL not only effectively blocks hydrogen (H) diffusion from the gate insulation (GI) layer to the upper region of a-IGZO but also modifies the energy band structure of the bottom channel region and creates a locally low electron concentration that counteracts the excess electron donated by diffused H. Compared to conventional TFTs, the TFT with the IL exhibits impressive electrical characteristics, including a high saturation mobility (μsat) of 14.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 6.2 × 108, and a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.16 V/dec. Furthermore, this structure exhibits remarkable stability under negative bias stress and negative bias illumination stress, with ΔVth values of 1.1 and 1.5 V, respectively. The integration of the IL provides a promising approach for enhancing the performance of a-IGZO TFTs, paving the way for next-generation display technologies.
An analytical model of tornado generation
Authors: Artekha S. N.
Published: August 2024

A new analytical model for the generation of axisymmetric tornado-type vortices has been developed. A solution to the nonlinear equation for the stream function in an unstable stratified atmosphere is obtained and analyzed within the framework of ideal hydrodynamics. The solution is sought by smooth connecting continuous solutions for the internal region (eye), the central region (“wall” with maximum velocities), and the external region of the tornado. Expressions describing radial dependences for the radial and vertical velocity components include combinations of Bessel functions. The vortex is spatially localized by radius and height. Convective instability of a stratified atmosphere leads to an increase in the radial and vertical components of velocities according to the hyperbolic sine law. A downward flow is observed near the tornado axis. The maximum speed of the upward flow is achieved at a certain radial distance at a certain height. Below this height, radial flows converge toward the central part of the tornado, and above this height, there is an outflow from the wall to the axis and to the periphery. The radial structure of the azimuthal velocity is determined by the structure of the initial disturbance and can change with height. Maximum rotation is achieved in the tornado wall at a certain height. The increase in azimuthal velocity can occur according to a superexponential law. Possible structures of movements, scenarios for the development of a tornado, and its dynamics are discussed.
Barrier height enhancement in β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes using an oxygen-rich ultra-thin AlOx interfacial layer
Authors: Prajapati Prabhat , Lodha Saurabh
Published: August 2024

Schottky barrier height (SBH) enhancement directly translates into increased breakdown voltage (VBR) of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). In this work, ultra-thin (5, 10, and 15 Å) oxygen-rich AlOx interfacial layers (ILs), deposited using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition, are shown to enhance the SBH of post-metallization oxygen annealed Pt/AlOx/β-Ga2O3 SBDs by up to 0.8 eV resulting in a maximum VBR of nearly 500 V (2× gain) on 2–4 × 1016 cm−3 doped substrates, without compromising the specific on-resistance. The SBH and VBR enhancement is observed on (2¯ 01) as well as (001) surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that excess oxygen interstitial concentration in 5 Å AlOx films decreases (increases) with increasing thickness (oxygen anneal), making them more stoichiometric. The decreasing (increasing) trend in SBH and VBR with increasing IL thickness (oxygen anneal) is consistent with the XPS-derived O/Al ratio of the films and the formation of an AlOx/β-Ga2O3 interfacial dipole due to a difference in oxygen areal densities. The AlOx deposition can be easily integrated with field management methods such as field plates and guard rings that can further enhance β-Ga2O3 SBD performance.
Improving pulsed laser induced fluorescence distribution function analysis through matched filter signal processing
Authors: Gilbert T. J. , Steinberger T. E. , Scime E. E.
Published: August 2024

Laser induced fluorescence is used to measure argon ion heating during magnetic reconnection in the PHase Space MApping experiment (PHASMA). Sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the processed signal with pulsed laser injection is a delicate balance between saturation of the absorption line and injecting enough laser power to overcome the spontaneous emission of the plasma at the fluorescence wavelength. Averaging over many laser pulses and integrating over the fluorescence lifetime improves the SNR of the processed signal (processed SNR) when the SNR of the laser pulse time series is small (pulse SNR), but for laser powers small enough to avoid saturation, averaging over hundreds of pulses is needed to obtain an appreciable processed SNR over the entire Doppler-broadened absorption line. Here, we describe a matched filter processing method that significantly improves the SNR of the final measurement with fewer shots averaged. Investigation of simulated measurements validated by experimental results suggests that the matched filter method provides up to a 20% improvement in the processed SNR, resulting in less uncertainty in distribution function fits.
A novel phase-field lattice Boltzmann framework for diffusion-driven multiphase evaporation
Authors: Mirhoseini Masoumeh , Banaee Alireza , Jalali Alireza
Published: August 2024

Heat transfer and phase change phenomena, particularly diffusion-driven droplet evaporation, play pivotal roles in various industrial applications and natural processes. Despite advancements in computational fluid dynamics, modeling multiphase flows with large density ratios remains challenging. In this study, we developed a robust and stable conservative Allen–Cahn-based phase-field lattice Boltzmann method to solve the flow field equations. This method is coupled with the finite difference discretization of vapor species transport equation and the energy equation. The coupling between the vapor concentration and temperature field at the interface is modeled by the well-known Clausius–Clapeyron correlation. Our approach is capable of simulations under real physical conditions and is compatible with graphics processing unit architecture, making it ideal for large-scale industrial simulations. Three validation test cases are conducted to demonstrate the consistency of the presented model, including simulations of Stefan flow, the evaporation of suspended droplets containing water, acetone, and ethanol in the air, and the evaporation of a water sessile droplet on a flat surface. The results show that the model is able to predict the behavior and characteristics of each case accurately. Notably, our numerical results exhibit a maximum relative error of approximately 1% in simulations of Stefan flow. In the case of suspended droplet evaporation, the observed maximum difference between the calculated wet bulb temperatures and those derived from psychrometric charts is approximately 0.9 K. Moreover, our analysis of the sessile droplet reveals a good agreement between the results obtained by our model for the evaporative mass flux and those obtained from the existing models in the literature for different contact angles.
Analysis of the effect of cavitation on internal fluid excitation characteristics of centrifugal pumps
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Shao Jiale , Zhang Haodong
Published: August 2024

To explore the influence of cavitation on the internal fluid excitation characteristics of pumps, numerical simulations and performance testing evaluations were performed on the IS65-50-125 centrifugal pump. The prototype pump's exterior characteristic and cavitation performance curves, as well as its bubble volume distribution, were successfully replicated using numerical computations. The effect of cavitation on the internal pressure pulsation characteristics of the centrifugal pump under various operating situations was comprehensively investigated, indicating a relationship between the degree of cavitation and the root mean square values of pressure pulsation. Special emphasis was placed on the changes in features at intermediate and high frequencies, as well as the processes of rising bubble volume and vortex shedding at the impeller trailing edge on pressure pulsation. To validate the simulation results, a centrifugal pump vibration and noise testing platform was built, and studies on vibration intensity and internal sound field noise were conducted. The experimental results revealed that the vibration intensity and internal sound field sound pressure level of the centrifugal pump rose as cavitation conditions deteriorated, confirming the modeling results. This study's significant innovation is the precise identification of the pump's performance changes under different operating conditions by monitoring pressure pulsation changes at various frequencies, as well as an in-depth discussion of the impact mechanism of cavitation phenomena on the internal fluid excitation behavior of centrifugal pumps. The study demonstrates differences in pressure pulsation characteristics on the suction and pressure sides under various cavitation situations, as well as the process of vortex creation and shedding generated by bubbles in the impeller input channel during severe cavitation. This gives new theoretical basis for pump vibration and noise reduction, as well as significant improvements in centrifugal pump performance and stability.
Synergistic passivation and energy level alignment by graphene quantum dots for high performance inverted CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xiao Cong , Liu Zhongyu , Liu Jiayin , Xing Haoming , Wang Jianwei , Zhang Jing , Huang Like , Hu Ziyang , Zhu Yuejin , Chen Da , Liu Xiaohui
Published: August 2024

Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered considerable attention due to their high thermal stability and promising application in tandem devices. However, further advancement of the performance of CsPbI3 PSCs is restricted by severe nonradiative recombination, which is related to substantial defects and mismatched energy levels. Herein, the versatile graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are introduced to modify the CsPbI3 surface to improve interface contact and mitigate energy loss. GQD modification can not only effectively passivate surface defects via coordinating with the undercoordinated Pb2+ but also improve energy level alignment, contributing to efficient charge extraction and suppression of nonradiative recombination. Consequently, GQDs-based inverted CsPbI3 devices deliver a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.98% with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.141 V and are greatly superior to the control device obtaining a poor PCE of 13.29% with a VOC of 0.986 V. Moreover, GQDs can form a protective layer at the perovskite interface to resist external invasion, significantly boosting the device stability. Our findings establish the promising application of GQD modification as a compelling strategy for achieving high performance inorganic photovoltaic devices.
Effect of liquid elasticity on transient cavitation bubbles in the tube
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Xu Peng , Zuo Zhigang , Liu Shuhong
Published: August 2024

We investigate the effect of liquid elasticity on the transient cavitation bubbles confined in a tube both experimentally and theoretically. In experiments, the tube-arrest apparatus is used to generate cavitation bubbles near the tube bottom with various polyethylene oxide solutions. Our experiments show that bubble dynamics, particularly the maximum bubble length, are significantly influenced by liquid elasticity. We establish a double oscillator model for the liquid column to explain the experimental results and predict the bubble dynamics over a broader range. Finally, we propose that the reciprocal of the cavitation number Ca2 and prR/k determine the regimes of the liquid column separation, where pr is the reference pressure, R is tube radius, and k is the “stiffness coefficient” of the liquid column. Our work provides a quantitative scaling of the dynamics of large cylindrical cavitation bubbles in viscoelastic liquids during the transient process.
Variability of energetic proton flux and pitch angle distributions in the Earth's radiation belt modulated by geomagnetic storms
Authors: Zou Zhengyang , Zhou Wentao , Hu Jiahui
Published: August 2024

Energetic protons trapped in the radiation belt, as a vital component of the ring current system, are observationally and theoretically modulated by geomagnetic disturbances. Utilizing Van Allen Probe observations, we statistically analyzed their temporal variations at 55–489 keV as well as their pitch angle distributions (PADs) index n (fitted by  sinn∂, where ∂ is the pitch angle) in response to geomagnetic storms. It shows that protons at low energies are more easily accelerated during storms. The threshold of accelerations becomes greater for high-energy protons, while a large value of n can persist for a few days to months. Further investigations suggest that one-quarter of the storms increase the proton flux at all energy channels (55–489 keV) both inside and outside the plasmapause location (Lpp). Specifically, more than half of the storms enhance the flux for protons at Ek > 400 keV inside and close to the Lpp as well as protons at Ek < 100 keV deep inside the Lpp. Comparably, protons at larger pitch angles (near 90°) are more easily lost outside the Lpp, which results in more pronounced pancake PADs with larger n. The index n preferentially decreases at L > 5 during 75% of the storms on the dayside, while it decreases at L = ∼4 during 50% of the storms on the nightside, showing significant day–night asymmetry. Further detailed investigations revealed that source and loss processes, including radial diffusion, magnetopause shadowing, and wave–particle interactions, account for the statistical results. The present study provides quantitative information on the overall characteristics of energetic proton fluxes, which can enhance the comprehension of the radiation belts.
Ancient languages and algorithms
Authors: Round Erich R.
Published: August 2024

Historical linguistics has experienced an upsurge in methodological innovation. However, owing to the constraints
of contemporary publication, these innovations often appear in print in a format which is technical, dense and less than fully
accessible. Moreover, because these innovations are still young and have often arisen in other fields before being translated to
historical linguistics, our own discipline has yet to accumulate a stock of trusted explanations of them, presented lucidly and
addressed specifically to our field and to its scientific concerns. This special issue is dedicated to promoting the accessibility
of new methods. Despite their technical details, most new methods in historical linguistics rest upon a rationale and an essential
logic that are perfectly comprehensible to interested historical linguists, so long as they are communicated in a fashion that is
sympathetic and respectful to a linguistic audience. This introduction contextualizes the five papers of the special
issue.
Electron qubits surfing on acoustic waves: review of recent progress
Authors: Wang Junliang , Edlbauer Hermann , Jadot Baptiste , Meunier Tristan , Takada Shintaro , Bäuerle Christopher , Sellier Hermann
Published: August 2024

The displacement of a single electron enables exciting avenues for nanotechnology with vast application potential in quantum metrology, quantum communication and quantum computation. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have proven itself as a surprisingly useful solution to perform this task over large distance with outstanding precision and reliability. Over the last decade, important milestones have been achieved bringing SAW-driven single-electron transport from first proof-of-principle demonstrations to accurate, highly-controlled implementations, such as coherent spin transport, charge-to-photon conversion, or antibunching of charge states. Beyond the well-established piezoelectric gallium-arsenide platform, first realisations of acousto-electronic transport have also been carried out on the surface of liquid helium that promises unique stability and coherence. In this review article, we aim to keep track of this remarkable progress in SAW-driven transport of electron qubits by explaining these recent achievements from basic principles, with an outlook on follow-up experiments and near-term applications.
Large-scale data processing platform for laser absorption tomography
Authors: Zhou Minqiu , Zhang Rui , Chen Yuan , Fu Yalei , Xia Jiangnan , Upadhyay Abhishek , Liu Chang
Published: August 2024

Laser absorption tomography (LAT) has been widely employed to capture two/three-dimensional reactive flow-field parameters with a penetrating spatiotemporal resolution. In industrial environments, LAT is generally implemented by measuring multiple, e.g. 30 to more than 100, wavelength modulated laser transmissions at high imaging rates, e.g. tens to thousands of frames per second (fps). A short-period LAT experiment can generate extensive load of data, which require massive computational source and time for data post-processing. In this work, a large-scale data processing platform is designed for industrial LAT. The platform significantly speeds up LAT signal processing by introducing a parallel computing architecture. By identifying the discrepancy between the measured and theoretical spectra, the new platform enables indexing of the laser-beam measurements that are disturbed by harsh-environment noise. Such a scheme facilitates effective removal of noise-distorted beams, which can lead to artefacts in the reconstructed images. The designed platform is validated by a lab-based LAT experiment, which is implemented by processing the laser transmissions of a 32-beam LAT sensor working at 250 fps. To process a 60 s LAT experimental dataset, the parallelism enabled by the platform saves computational time by 40.12% compared to the traditional single-thread approach. The error-detection scheme enables the successful accurate identification of noise-distorted measurements, i.e. 0.59% of overall laser-beam measurements that fall out of the physical model.
A comparative study of cosmological constraints from weak lensing using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sharma Divij , Dai Biwei , Seljak Uroš
Published: August 2024

Weak Lensing (WL) surveys are reaching unprecedented depths, enabling the investigation of very small angular scales. At these scales, nonlinear gravitational effects lead to higher-order correlations making the matter distribution highly non-Gaussian. Extracting this information using traditional statistics has proven difficult, and Machine Learning based summary statistics have emerged as a powerful alternative. We explore the capabilities of a discriminative, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based approach, focusing on parameter constraints in the (Ω
m
, σ8) cosmological parameter space. Leveraging novel training loss functions and network representations on WL mock datasets without baryons, we show that our models achieve ~ 5 times higher figure of merit in the σ8-Ω
m
plane than the power spectrum, ~ 3 times higher than peak counts, and ~ 2 times higher than previous CNN-learned summary statistics and scattering transforms, for noise levels relevant to Rubin or Euclid. For WL convergence maps with baryonic physics, our models achieve ~ 2.3 times stronger constraining power than the power spectrum at these noise levels, also outperforming previous summary statistics. To further explore the possibilities of CNNs for this task, we also discuss transfer learning where we adapt pre-trained models, trained on different tasks or datasets, for cosmological inference, finding that these do not improve the performance.
Effect of Mn2+ doping and DDAB-assisted postpassivation on the structural and optical properties of CsPb(Cl/Br)3 halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Dubey Charu , Yadav Anjana , Kachhap Santosh , Singh Sunil Kumar , Gupta Govind , Singh Satendra Pal , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals showing intense band-edge emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield are known to be a potential candidate for application in optoelectronic devices. However, controlling toxicity due to the presence of Pb2+ in lead-based halide perovskites is a major challenge for the environment that needs to be tackled cautiously. In this work, we have partially replaced Pb2+ with Mn2+ ions in the CsPb(Cl/Br)3 nanocrystals and investigated their impact on the structural and optical properties. The Rietveld refinement shows that CsPbCl2Br nanocrystals possess a cubic crystal structure with Pm

3

̅

m space group, the Mn2+ doping results in the contraction of the unit cell. The CsPb(Cl/Br)3: Mn nanocrystals show a substantial change in the optical properties with an additional emission band at ∼588 nm through a d-d transition, changing the emission color from blue to pink. Here, a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) ligand that triggers both anion and ligand exchange in the CsPb(Cl/Br)3: Mn nanocrystals have been used to regulate the exchange reaction and tune the emission color of halide perovskites by changing the peak position and the PL intensities of band-edge and Mn2+ defect states. We have also shown that oleic acid helps in the desorption of oleylamine capping from the CsPb(Cl/Br)3: Mn nanocrystal surfaces and DDAB, resulting in the substitution of Cl− with Br− as well as provides capping with shorter branched length ligand which led to increase in the overall PL intensity by many folds.
Commissioning of MRI-guided gynaecological brachytherapy using an MR-linac
Authors: Rojas-López José Alejandro , Cabrera-Santiago Alexis , Adragna Celeste , Ibarra-Ortega Brenda Elisabeth , López-Luna José Eleazar , Contreras-Rodríguez Jonathan Agustín , Martínez-Ortiz Efraín
Published: August 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of use of an 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR)-linear accelerator MR-linac for imaging in gynaecologic high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Method. Commissioning measurements for MR images quality control, geometric distortion, dwell position accuracy, applicator reconstruction and end-to-end test for a tandem-and-ring applicator were performed following the recommendations of American Brachytherapy Society, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and Report of the Brachytherapy Working Group of the Spanish Society of Medical Physics. The values for MR-based IGABT were compared to the corresponding values with computed tomography (CT). Results. Measured distorsions for the MR images were less than 0.50 mm compared to the CT images. The differences between 3D displacements for all dwell positions were 0.66 mm and 0.62 mm for the tandem and ring, respectively. The maximum difference is 0.64 mm for the distances from the applicator tip obtained using the films. The CT and MR dose differences for the right and left ‘A’ points were 0.9% and −0.7%, respectively. Similar results were observed in terms of dose distribution for CT and Mr The gamma passing rate was 99.3% and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusion. The use of MR images from an MR-linac used in a radiotherapy service for gynaecological brachytherapy was proved to be feasible, safe and precise as the geometrical differences were less than 1 mm, and the dosimetric differences were less than 1% when comparing to the use of CT images for the same purpose.
Topological rigidity of maps in positive characteristic and anabelian geometry
Authors: Achinger Piotr , Stix Jakob
Published: August 2024

We study pairs of non-constant maps between two integral schemes of finite type over two (possibly different) fields of positive characteristic. When the target is quasi-affine, Tamagawa showed that the two maps are equal up to a power of Frobenius if and only if they induce the same homomorphism on their étale fundamental groups. We extend Tamagawa’s result by adding a purely topological criterion for maps to agree up to a power of Frobenius.