bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade-off strategy of leaf functional traits of desert halophyte Lycium ruthenicum in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Northwest China: response to soil moisture and salinity
Authors: Li Shanjia , Gou Wei , Wang Hui , Wu Guoqiang , Su Peixi
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Understanding salinity resistance and water utilization on shrub species is a challenge to the management and conservation of desert halophytes. Lycium ruthenicum Murr.with a significant soil and water conservation capacity, is one of the dominant shrubs and halophytes in the lower reaches of the Heihe River, Northwest China. In this paper, the effects of two depths (0-40 and 40-80 cm) of soil salinities and water contents on the leaf functional traits of eight L. ruthenicum communities in different distances from the main channel were studied. Fourteen leaf water physiological and ecological stoichiometric traits were investigated, linking with soil factors to explain desert plant trade-off strategies.
Results: Specific leaf volume (SLV), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), nitrogen (N), C:N, C:P could serve as good indicators of drought and saline resistance. Low N, specific leaf area (SLA) indicated that the plant was located at the slow investment-return axis of the species resource utilization. Low C:N, C:P showed that L. ruthenicum had a defensive life history strategy at drought and salinity areas. The RDA results showed that 0-40 and 40-80 cm soil properties respectively explained 93.45% and 99.96% leaf traits variation. Soil water contents, HCO3- had extremely positive correlation (P<0.01) with leaf functional traits. Shallow soil water contents significantly affects P, and deeper soil water contents significantly responds C and N; shallow soil salinity significantly affected LT, C and N contents, whereas deeper soil salinity significantly affected N and SLV.
Conclusions: L. ruthenicum had a foliar resource acquisition and resource conservation trade-off with a defensive life history strategy in the area of drought and salinity. This finding provides baseline information to facilitate the management and restoration of arid-saline desert ecosystem.
Myocardial Characterization in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study of Prevalence, Patterns and Outcomes
Authors: Price Anna M , Hayer Manvir K , Vijapurapu Ravi , Fyyaz Saad A , Moody William E , Ferro Charles J , Townend Jonathan N , Steeds Richard P , Edwards Nicola C
Published: August 2019

Background Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) characterizes myocardial disease and predicts an adverse cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Myocardial abnormalities, are present in early chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date there are no data defining prevalence, pattern and clinical implications of LGE-CMR in CKD.Methods Patients with pre-dialysis CKD (stage 2-5) attending specialist renal clinics at University Hospital Birmingham (UK) who underwent gadolinium enhanced CMR (1.5T) between 2005 and 2017 were included. The patterns and presence (LGEpos) / absence (LGEneg) of LGE were assessed by two blinded observers. Association between LGE and CV outcomes were assessed.Results In total, 159 patients received gadolinium (male 61%, mean age 55 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 69%, left ventricular hypertrophy 5%) with a median follow up period of 3.8 years [1.04-11.59]. LGEpos was present in 55 (34%) subjects; the patterns were: right ventricular insertion point n=28 (51%), mid wall n=18 (33%), sub-endocardial n=5 (9%) and sub-epicardial n=4 (7%). There were no differences in left ventricular structural or functional parameters with LGEpos. There were 12 adverse CV outcomes over follow up; 7 of 55 with LGEpos and 5 of 104 LGEneg. LGEpos was not predicted by age, gender, glomerular filtration rate or electrocardiographic abnormalities.Conclusions In a selected cohort of subjects with moderate CKD but low CV risk, LGE was present in approximately a third of patients. LGE was not associated with adverse CV outcomes. Further studies in high risk CKD cohorts are required to assess the role of LGE with multiplicative risk factors.
Circulating Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 as a novel biomarker for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shi Jiaran , Chen Shi , Wu Bifeng , Yang Kun , Hu Xiaosheng
Published: August 2019

Background Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) played a vital role in pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the diagnostic value of lncRNA GAS5 for AF patients.Methods Four lncRNAs (NEAT1, GAS5, UCA1, and TUG1) were selected as potential biomarkers of AF. The circulating expression of lncRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were applied to assess their diagnostic value for AF.Results In screening trial, LncRNA GAS5 was down-regulated in AF patients, with no significant differences in other three lncRNAs. Then a total of 128 participants were enrolled including 85 AF patients and 43 controls. Circulating levels of GAS5 in AF patients were remarkably reduced compared with controls ( P <0.001). The AUC was 0.858, with 81.2% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity. Further, the downregulation of GAS5 was more significant in persistent rather than paroxysmal AF. Correlation analysis showed that GAS5 was negatively correlated with CHA2DS2-VASc score and several echocardiography indexes.Conclusions Circulating lncRNA GAS5 is a potential biomarker for AF diagnosis and may prognose AF progression and stroke risk.
­­A convolutional neural network-based system to detect malignant findings in FDG PET/CT examinations
Authors: Kawauchi Keisuke , Furuya Sho , Hirata Kenji , Katoh Chietsugu , Manabe Osamu , Kobayashi Kentaro , Watanabe Shiro , Shiga Tohru
Published: August 2019

Background As the number of PET/CT scanners increases and FDG PET/CT becomes a common imaging modality for oncology, the demands for automated detection systems on artificial intelligence (AI) to prevent human oversight and misdiagnosis are rapidly growing. We aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based system that can classify whole-body FDG PET as 1) benign, 2) malignant, or 3) equivocal.Methods This retrospective study investigated 3,485 sequential patients with malignant or suspected malignant disease, who underwent whole-body FDG PET/CT at our institute. All the cases were classified into the 3 categories by a nuclear medicine physician. A residual network (ResNet)-based CNN architecture was built for classifying patients into the 3 categories. This network was trained with PET images. Five-fold cross-validations were carried out to estimate the classification performance. In addition, we examined whether the CNN could determine the location of the malignant uptake, be it in the head-and-neck region, chest, abdomen, or pelvic region.Results There were 1,280 (37%), 1,450 (42%) and 755 (22%) patients classified as benign, malignant and equivocal, respectively. In patient-based analysis, the CNN predicted benign and malignant images with 99.4% and 99.4% accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, in region-based analysis, the prediction was correct with the probability of 97.3% (head-and-neck), 96.6% (chest), 92.8% (abdomen) and 99.6% (pelvic region), respectively.Conclusion The CNN-based system reliably classified FDG PET images into 3 categories, indicating that it would be helpful for physicians as a double-checking system to prevent oversight and misdiagnosis.
PREVENTING VIOLENT EXTREMISM DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK DAN SENI
Authors: Zuhri Syaifudin
Published: August 2019

A number of terrorist attacks and bombings involving children clearly demonstrates the fact that children are vulnerable to violent doctrines and ideologies. This article tries to formulate the Preventing Violent Extremism/PVE strategy into education, initially early education. The discussion aims also at unveiling the centrality of arts in the PVE project and the translation of PVE in Islamic-arts education for children. Examining some important related sources on PVE, education for children, and Islamic arts, the article argues arts education serves as an essential method to implant the principles of PVE and children’s participation in the PVE is inescapable. Principles of PVE, ranging from protecting from violence, exclusivism, radicalism, and extremism that culminate to terrorism, play roles in preventing children from ideologies that threaten their intellectual and emotional development.
ULAMA INDONESIA KONTEMPORER (Peran, Tipologi, dan Pemikiran)
Authors: Mutrofin Mutrofin -
Published: August 2019

This article will review the Typology of Indonesian Ulama in the Contemporary era. Indeed, the understanding of the ulama itself leaves various interpretations of meaning. In fact, some circles argue that the ulama is a term or title that is equated with the term, for example: Kyai if in the Java region, Teuku is in the Aceh region, Tuan Guru is in the Bima region, and other terms. In general, scholars are a term for those who have the ability to understand a science. In this case what is meant by science is the science of religion which covers various scientific disciplines. However, further this paper reviews Indonesian scholars in the contemporary era. Who are among the contemporary Indonesian scholars and how is the typology or grouping of Indonesian Ulama more specific. Keywords: Ulama, Contemporary, Thought, Typology Artikel ini akan mengulas tentang Tipologi Ulama Indonesia di era Kontemporer. Sesungguhnya pengertian ulama sendiri menyisahkan berbagai interpretasi makna. Bahkan beberapa kalangan berpendapat bahwa ulama merupakan sebuah sebutan atau gelar yang disamakan dengan istilah, misalnya: Kyai kalau di wilayah Jawa, Teuku di wilayah Aceh, Tuan Guru di wilayah Bima, dan istilah-istilah lainnya. Secara umum ulama merupakan sebuah sebutan bagi mereka yang memiliki kemampuan dalam memahami sebuah ilmu. Dalam hal ini yang dimaksudkan dengan ilmu adalah ilmu agama yang mencakup berbagai disiplin keilmuan. Namun, lebih lanjut paper ini mengulas ulama Indonesia di era kontemporer. Siapa sajakah yang termasuk ulama Indonesia kontemporer dan bagaimana tipologi atau pengelompokkan Ulama Indonesia secara lebih spesifik. Kata Kunci: Ulama, Kontemporer, Pemikiran, Tipologi
PERSPEKTIF UMAT ISLAM TENTANG AGAMA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN: Dari Dikotomi ke Integrasi
Authors: Kurniawan Syamsul
Published: August 2019

This article examines debates among Muslim on the relation between science and religion and its current debates that shifts from dichotomy perspective towards more integrated ones. As many argue, the dichotomy between science and religion, between Islamic science and secular ones, between eastern and western sciences has been hegemonic since hundred centuries. This article tries to examine why this dichotomist approach has been dominant in Islamic histories and what are the consequences of the separation between science and religion. On the other hand, this article argues that Islam never develop such dichotomist approach between science and religion. Keyword: Religion, Science, Dichotomy, IntegrationÂ Fokus tulisan ini adalah tentang perspektif umat Islam tentang agama dan ilmu pengetahuan, dari kecenderungan mendikotomikan sampai ada kesadaran untuk kembali mengintegrasikan keduanya. Hal ini berangkat dari kenyataan sejarah umat Islam, yang mana hubungan antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan pernah berada dalam hubungan yang tidak harmonis, mengalami dikotomi, bahkan selama beberapa dekade tidak pernah berhenti dan selalu dihadapkan pada pembedaan antara apa yang disebut â€œilmu Islamâ€ dan â€œilmu non Islamâ€, â€œilmu baratâ€ dan â€œilmu timurâ€. Bahkan lebih parah ketika dikotomi tersebut menjalar sebagai satu bentuk dikotomi antara ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Karena itu, tulisan ini ingin menjawab beberapa pertanyaan sesuai fokus, yaitu mengapa dikotomi antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan terjadi, padahal Islam tidak pernah mendikotomikan (memisahkan dengan tanpa saling terkait) antara ilmu-ilmu agama dan umum? Apa konsekuensi yang dialami umat Islam sebagai akibat dari dikotomi antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan?; Serta, bagaimana integrasi antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan itu dapat dilakukan, dan apa urgensitasnya?. Kata Kunci: Agama, Ilmu Pengetahuan, Dikotomi, Integrasi
KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA PPL FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN ILMU KEGURUAN IAIN TULUNGAGUNG DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN DI MADRASAH
Authors: Aziz Abd.
Published: August 2019

The successful education depends heavily on the hand of educators. The best teachers would surely deliver educated persons. Contemporarily, teachers have to face complicated challenges that put them into difficult situation. On the one hand, teachers must comprehend all the subjects of study and at the same time, they are demanded to be creative and innovative. These two are essential in learning process. Nevertheless, amid the increase number of teachers, there has been deserted number of creative and innovative teachers. The so-called Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) program is essential in this regards; to train teachers to be innovative and crative. This article deals with the PPL performed by students of the State Institute for Islamic Studies who participated the program. Keyword: Creativity, Lesson Study, Students.Â  Keberhasilan pendidikan ditentukan oleh banyak faktor. Salah satunya adalah faktor pendidik. Pendidik yang hebat akan melahirkan siswa yang hebat pula. Dewasa ini tugas pendidik semakin berat, karena selain dituntut menguasai setiap materi, pendidik juga dituntut untuk kreatif dan inovatif. Kedua hal ini sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Setiap tahun jumlah guru terus bertambah, tapi sayangnya jumlah guru yang dianggap kreatif dan inovatif tidaklah banyak, mereka masih terjebak dalam sistem klasik dengan cara mengajar yang kurang menarik dan cenderung membosankan. Oleh karena itu setiap calon guru harus dilatih sejak awal agar mereka menjadi guru-guru yang kreatif. Salah satu caranya adalah melalui Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL). Tulisan ini berisikan penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa PPL IAIN Tulungagung Fakultas Tarbiyah. Untuk melihat sejauh mana kreativitas mereka dalam mengajar dan bagaimana pengaruhnya dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: Kreativitas, Lesson Study, Mahasiswa.
NASIONALISME NABI IBRAHIM DALAM AL QURâ€™AN (Nilai Cinta Tanah Air dalam Doa Nabi Ibrahim)
Authors: Syahputra Afrizal El Adzim
Published: August 2019

Love homeland (hubbul wathan) is a feeling of pride and belonging to a certain region, which is known by Muslims as the term hubbu al watan min al iman (love for the homeland is par tof faith). That pride has implications for very large attention to the area and place of residence, as perceived by Prophet Ibrahim. While in Mecca, he prayed that the country would be given security and the welfare of its resident with a variety of abundant fruits. He also prayed that God would send someone who could guide the resident of Mecca later on. This prayer is part of the spirit of nationalism, namely the understanding that teaches to love for the homeland, thenation, or the country itself. With the study of this topic, the author hopes to open up people's insight into the concept of Ibrahim's nationalism in the Qur'an. This research reveals the values of the love homeland in Prophet Ibrahim's prayer which is published by the Qur'an. Key Words: Nationalism, Love Homeland, Prayer, Prophet Ibrahim, Qurâ€™an.Â  Cinta tanah air (hubbul wathan) merupakan perasaan bangga dan ikut memiliki sebuah wilayah tertentu, yang oleh umat Islam dikenal dengan istilah hubbu al wat}an min al ima>n (cinta tanah air adalah bagian dari iman). Kebanggan tersebut berimplikasi pada perhatian yang sangat besar terhadap wilayah dan tempat tinggal, seperti yang dirasakan oleh Nabi Ibrahim. Ketika berada di Mekah, beliau berdoa agar negeri tersebut diberikan keamanan dan disejahterakan penduduknya dengan berbagai buah â€“ buahan yang melimpah. Beliau juga berdoa supaya Allah mengutus seseorang yang dapat membimbing penduduk Mekah kelak di kemudian hari. Doa ini merupakan bagian dari semangat nasionalisme, yaitu paham yang mengajarkan akan kecintaan terhadap tanah air, bangsa, atau negara sendiri. Dengan dikajinya topik ini, penulis berharap dapat membuka wawasan masyarakat tentang konsep nasionalisme nabi Ibrahim dalam al Qurâ€™an. Penelitian ini mengungkap nilai-nilai cinta tanah air dalam doa Nabi Ibrahim yang dimuat oleh al Qurâ€™an. Kata Kunci: Nasionalisme, Cinta tanah air, Doa, Nabi Ibrahim, Al Qurâ€™an.
IMAGENS DO PENSAMENTO E A OBRA DE ARTE EM WALTER BENJAMIN E GILLES DELEUZE
Authors: Colombo Angélica Antonechen
Published: August 2019

O movimento artístico conhecido como barroco é tratado por alguns teóricos da arte e historiadores como aquele que trouxe o espírito de uma nova era para criação artística. As obras de arte como as de Caravaggio, por exemplo, com seus jogos de luz e sombra (tenebrismo), e as esculturas de Bernini com suas imensas e infindáveis dobras, trazem em si fragmentos de verdades que quando agrupados levam ao apreciador uma atividade do pensamento até então não experimentada. Filósofos como Walter Benjamin e Gilles Deleuze observaram no barroco a influência que alguns movimentos artísticos da modernidade buscaram para construir a sua trajetória, e também perceberam que a partir disso as obras de arte resgataram para si o caráter de transmitir aos seus apreciadores e espectadores imagens do pensamento que transgrediram o tempo e o espaço, sendo capazes de divulgar também outros tipos de percepção da realidade. Compreender o que são essas imagens do pensamento e como as obras de arte podem ser capazes de produzi-las é o que pretendem Walter Benjamin e Gilles Deleuze. E o que intencionamos neste trabalho é investigar as similaridades entre estes dois autores a respeito do que são as imagens do pensamento por meio de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico.
DE ADÃO À EVA: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA MASCULINIDADE A PARTIR DO DISCURSO DO CRISTIANISMO
Authors: Silva Rafael Bianchi , Gastaldi Renata Maioli Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

Este artigo objetiva realizar uma descrição da construção da masculinidade a partir do discurso religioso judaico-cristã e discutir quais suas implicações nos dias atuais. Para isso, utilizam-se para análise, histórias de personagens masculinos e femininos da Bíblia Sagrada para averiguar os papéis e funções atribuídas aos mesmos e as características que compuseram suas identidades. Levantou-se que estas foram compostas por conceitos demarcados que compuseram a construção de uma masculinidade que verte para um modo de agir e de existir pautado na hierarquia do homem sobre a mulher presente até hoje. Conclui-se que o discurso religioso assinalou um modelo masculino estruturado. Acreditamos que somente a partir de uma masculinidade mais flexível será possível configurar e construir novas proposições de ser.
E QUEM DISSE QUE NÃO É SEU LUGAR? POR UM TURISMO DEMOCRÁTICO E INCLUSIVO PARA NEGROS E NEGRAS.
Authors: Ferreira Michel Alves , Casagrande Lindamir Salete
Published: August 2019

A partir de provocações teóricas e, tendo como conceito chave a interseccionalidade, este artigo tem como objetivo central discutir criticamente como se dá e são percebidas a presença das pessoas negras no exercício da atividade turística. Parte-se da tese de que a baixa presença de pessoas negras em espaços turísticos no país se deve a práticas interseccionais e estruturantes de gênero, classe e etnia/raça, especialmente nas gêneses da configuração societal brasileira, uma vez que são raras as métricas elaboradas por agências de fomento oficiais que contemplam informações sobre sexo, gênero e etnia/raça autodeclaradas. A natureza metodológica deste texto é de ordem teórico/interpretativa, a partir de seleção de textos que corroboram com o conceito de interseccionalidade. Buscou-se apresentar dados do ano de 2015 e 2016, de agências de fomento de turismo oficiais e da iniciativa privada, para sustentar a tese central defendida, bem como excertos de dados acerca da situação social das pessoas negras no Brasil. Destarte, foram trazidos fragmentos de quatro relatos on-line de pessoas negras envolvidas com o fenômeno turístico, seja como anfitriões de acomodações turísticas, seja como viajantes. Pensar em um turismo democrático e inclusivo aos sujeitos, especialmente àqueles e àquelas pessoas estigmatizadas em razão de sua cor de pele, origem étnica, diversidade de gênero e condições econômico culturais, remete a ter um exercício de coragem individual e coletiva de reconhecer a humanidade nas intersubjetividades postas pelo outro, dialógica e dialeticamente.
AS POSSIBILIDADES DE INCLUSÃO APONTADAS PELA REALIDADE DOS ESTUDANTES DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO PARANÁ EM UM CENÁRIO DE CONTINUIDADE E RUPTURAS
Authors: Urbanetz Sandra Terezinha , Magalhães Amarildo Pinheiro
Published: August 2019

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados do levantamento institucional em dois segmentos: unidades consolidadas e unidades não consolidadas a fim de subsidiar a discussão sobre os processos inclusivos oriundos da proposição de implantação dos Institutos Federais. A partir dos critérios de seleção de ingresso, observa-se um movimento por parte do IFPR em constituir-se como instituição de ensino preocupada com a transformação social por meio da educação. Ao se analisar os dados organizados nas tabelas, observa-se que, em nove dos doze campi consolidados, cerca de 80% dos estudantes matriculados em 2016 possuem renda familiar per capta inferior a 1,5 SM demonstrando que o IFPR tem cumprido seu papel enquanto instituição que busca a inclusão social.
QUANDO KUHN, FEYERABEND E MORIN TÊM ALGO A NOS DIZER SOBRE OS CAMINHOS DA PESQUISA
Authors: Batista Bruno Nunes
Published: August 2019

Tomando por base uma perspectiva de trabalho que objetiva empreender uma Filosofia da Ciência no bojo da Teoria do Conhecimento, este artigo discute as possibilidades investigativas que podem ser abertas a partir do pensamento de Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend e Edgar Morin. Nesse sentido, a analítica orbita em torno das principais linhas condutivas desses autores, intencionado 1) problematizar os entraves epistemológicos, através do conceito de paradigma; 2) defender que, em meio às ciências consideradas normais, caberia ao pesquisador transgredir os métodos convencionalmente aceitos; 3) isso poderia ser feito na esteira da complexidade, operando com a noção de dialógica. É sinalizado, por fim, que os limites impostos pelas ciências, assim como as regras subjacentes às metodologias, demandam uma inversão de lentes do investigador, a fim de introduzir no seu projeto de pesquisa uma marca autoral.
A FORMAÇÃO DE TECNÓLOGOS EM GESTÃO PÚBLICA NO IFPR e UFPR- UMAANÁLISE COMPARATIVA FOCADA NA GESTÃO PATRIMONIAL
Authors: Da Silva Adriano Willian , De Lima Regina Célia , Da Silva Frederico Fonseca
Published: August 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a formação de Gestores Públicos através do curso de Tecnologia em Gestão Pública, focando principalmente na gestão e no controle patrimonial, no intuito de se formar profissionais eficientes e eficazes, agentes públicos que venham desempenhar seu papel trazendo benefícios a toda sociedade. Realizou-se o estudo tendo como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, revistas, dissertações e teses, buscando os diversos conceitos e informações sobre o assunto e a pesquisa documental que possibilitou uma análise comparativa entre os conteúdos oferecidos no curso e voltados para capacitação de gestores públicos, em especial na gestão e controle patrimonial. A pesquisa foi realizada tendo como parâmetro comparativo o Curso de Tecnologia em Gestão Pública do Instituto Federal do Paraná- Campus Curitibae o mesmo curso ofertado pelo Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica – SEPT da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Fez-se a análise da matriz curricular do curso presente nos projetos políticos pedagógicos de ambas as Instituições, visando constatar se os conteúdos ministrados são abrangentes e possibilitam ao egressos se apoderarem de ferramentas fundamentais e necessárias para execução das tarefas voltadas a função do gestor público nas mais diversas atividades, principalmente naqueles conteúdos focados na gestão e controles patrimoniais nas organizações públicas. Conclui-se, após a análise dos projetos políticos pedagógicos de cursos- PPCs, que os conteúdos oferecidos são amplos e abrangentes, dando suporte teórico e prático aos egressos, tornando-os aptos para a gestão da máquina pública, tanto em seus recursos materiais quanto humanos, em especial nas questões que envolvem a Administração dos bens patrimoniais públicos.
SUSTENTABILIDADE URBANA E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: AS POTENCIALIDADES DAS HORTAS URBANAS EM CURITIBA E PINHAIS (PR)
Authors: Comitre Felipe
Published: August 2019

O modelo de urbanização estabelecido no Brasil, de maneira geral, privilegiou o crescimento periférico e a degradação ambiental em detrimento do respeito aos recursos naturais. Como consequência, formaram-se cidades dotadas de problemas estruturais e ambientais, tornando-se comum se depararem com os vazios urbanos, a especulação imobiliária, a segregação socioespacial e a ocupação de áreas de proteção ambiental. A presença de problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais no espaço urbano estimula a busca por práticas que se voltem para atenuar as mazelas urbanas, nesse contexto, ascende-se a inserção do termo Desenvolvimento Sustentável para o planejamento urbano: a sustentabilidade urbana. O artigo foi norteado pela análise da cidade sustentável, destacando-se a interferência do Estado como importante agente modelador do espaço, sobretudo por suas imposições aos recursos naturais. A intenção do artigo consiste em compreender sobre os avanços de debates e ações em prol do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, questionando-se sua viabilidade e interesses preponderantes na elaboração de políticas públicas, enfatizando o incentivo ao desenvolvimento das hortas urbanas, embasadas pela agroecologia, nas cidades de Curitiba e Pinhais. Indagou-se como as hortas urbanas podem convergir para a sustentabilidade urbana e para a Educação Ambiental, diferentemente de outras políticas públicas que buscam, a partir do uso da imagem e do discurso sobre a sustentabilidade, a reprodução do capital por meio da atração de novos investimentos e consumidores. A metodologia escolhida se pautou na elaboração de trabalhos de campo, no contato com agentes do setor público dos municípios e na leitura de referencial teórico sobre a temática da sustentabilidade urbana.
A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO TERRITÓRIO CANTUQUIRIGUAÇU E O PAPEL DO IFPR NO DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL REGIONAL
Authors: Carvalho Elenice da Silva , Ganhor João Paulo , Jimenez Michele de Oliveira , Bulhões Ronaldo
Published: August 2019

A agricultura familiar apresenta grande relevância no desenvolvimento sustentável no país, considerando sua importância na produção de alimentos, seguridade alimentar e manutenção dos recursos naturais. Dessa forma, os Institutos Federais de Educação, os quais têm como princípio a inserção regional e contribuição para o desenvolvimento local e regional, constituem-se como uma das principais fontes de aproximação e integração da comunidade acadêmica e a rural, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento desse setor.  Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever as características dos agricultores familiares do território Cantuquiriguaçu - Paraná, seus principais problemas e demandas, reforçando a importância e papel do IFPR na aproximação e no desenvolvimento de soluções para este grupo de agricultores. A abordagem da pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, utilizando como procedimento a pesquisa de campo, por meio de aplicação de entrevista e visitas às propriedades rurais no município de Quedas do Iguaçu, Paraná. Dentre os principais problemas e demandas foram apontados pelos produtores principalmente a ausência de cooperação (cooperativas ou associações) e problemas relacionados às tecnologias para melhoria do processo produtivo. Como resultados positivos, a pesquisa destacou a importância na integração e cooperação entre os agentes sociais como universidades, centros de pesquisa, instituições de assistência técnica e extensão rural, órgãos municipais, estaduais e federais, outras instituições e o IFPR, no sentido de somar parcerias para fomentar soluções para a agricultura local e promover o desenvolvimento regional.
TERIA EXISTIDO UMA LÓGICA TRIVALENTE NO ANTIGUIDADE?
Authors: Sapunaru Raquel Anna , Fernandes Raíssa Isabela Lima Gasquelo
Published: August 2019

Há um consenso entre os autores da filosofia antiga e da lógica que esta ciência nasceu do antagonismo, aparentemente irreconciliável, entre Heráclito e Parmênides. O surgimento da lógica reside justamente na tentativa de conciliação de duas posições opostas. O primeiro a se arriscar em fazer esse acordo foi Platão com sua dialética, seguido de Aristóteles com seu silogismo. Porém, todas estas trabalhavam com dois valores de verdade. A partir do século XX começaram a surgir as lógicas com mais de dois valores de verdade e uma delas foi a lógica trivalente de Lukasiewicz. Aqui aponta-se que essa ideia já estava presente na antiguidade. Assim, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica-exploratória, objetivando responder o questionamento que dá nome ao presente artigo.
The Efficiency of the Intelligent Materials in the Patient Room
Authors: Mohamed Randa Hassan , Shiha Eman Ali Mohamed
Published: August 2019

The paper investigates the efficiency of using the intelligent materials in the patient room of the health care buildings, as they have a role in the infection control and the various aspects of healing the patients. The purpose of the paper is to focus on these new materials to be used as sustainable materials in the healthcare buildings. Two main concepts concerning the intelligent materials are discussed, the first one figures the intelligent materials nowadays, and how they act as sustainable materials while the second one represents the opinion of how these materials can be used in the patient room with efficiency to be a part of the healing process of the patients.
Dynamic rule curves for multipurpose reservoir operation for different floods
Authors: Chaleeraktrakoon C. , Worawiwat A.
Published: August 2019

Dynamic flood control rule curves (DFCRCs) that balance the use of conservation space between flood control and conservation purposes are usually necessary for the operation of a multipurpose reservoir. This paper therefore proposes a procedure to apply the DFCRCs of an historically-based actual flood for reservoir operation versus different floods whose hydrograph shapes vary widely. The proposal uses related-size characteristics (e.g. net retention of the DFCRCs and peak discharge of associated outflows) in a stepwise manner from those of the smallest return period to those of the largest one. Illustrative applications of the procedure to the operation of the multipurpose Ubol Ratana Dam (The Nam Pong Basin, Thailand) have indicated that it enables the DFCRCs to ensure the reservoir's operation against various floods. Its operational results for the large and moderate floods in 1990 and 1995 are comparable to those of historically based floods. In addition, impact assessment of climate change on the operational performance has shown that the system could not protect the areas upstream and downstream of the dam from the HadCM3A2 and HadCM3B2 floods at the 80th and 95th percentile levels during the future 2050s period.
El lado colombiano de la frontera colombo-brasilera. Una aproximación desde la categoría de área sin ley
Authors: Trejos Rosero Luis Fernando
Published: August 2019

En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación desde la categoría de área sin ley, a la compleja situación de seguridad generada por los crecientes vínculos de la criminalidad local con redes del crimen organizado transnacional en el lado colombiano de la frontera colombo-brasilera. El establecimiento permanente de actores armados ilegales en este espacio fronterizo se debe en gran medida a la ausencia y débil presencia del Estado colombiano en sus periferias. El abordaje metodológico es de tipo bibliográfico y descriptivo.
Estado y frontera en el norte de Chile
Authors: García Pinzón Viviana
Published: August 2019

A propósito del fallo de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el diferendo por los límites marítimos entre Perú y Chile (enero de 2014) y de la demanda interpuesta contra este último país por parte de Bolivia, la frontera norte de Chile ha ganado renovada visibilidad en los medios de comunicación y en la agenda política chilena. Más allá de dicha coyuntura, las dinámicas transfronterizas y de integración regional y la consolidación de una nueva agenda de seguridad han llevado al posicionamiento estratégico de este territorio, históricamente aislado y marginado en medio del excesivo centralismo que ha caracterizado a la institucionalidad estatal chilena. A lo largo del artículo se analizan los factores que dan cuenta de la importancia de esta zona en el ámbito regional e internacional, así como la agenda en términos de política pública para este territorio por parte del Estado chileno.
Comercio informal transfronterizo México-Guatemala desde una perspectiva de frontera permisiva
Authors: Ruiz Juárez Carlos Ernesto , Martínez Velasco Germán
Published: August 2019

En este documento se abordan procesos de interacción, tensión, conflicto e intereses en la zona fronteriza entre México y Guatemala. En el comercio informal transfronterizo participan actores con cuya agencia despliegan transacciones sociales, políticas, económicas y territoriales, más allá del límite fronterizo. Destacan los comerciantes guatemaltecos que compran mercadería a tienderos mexicanos minoristas y mayoristas; también camareros de origen guatemalteco quienes mediante balsas transportan los productos a través del río Suchiate. Con base en una perspectiva conceptual sustentada en la relación dialéctica entre la frontera límite como tal y el accionar de los actores fronterizos, se concluye que en la zona de estudio se ha conformado un proceso de integración comercial transfronterizo de corte informal, que en los hechos trasciende la frontera límite para dar paso a una frontera permisiva.
The Difference of Bax Protein Expression between Endometrioma and Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Saragih Chandran Frinaldo , Rivany Riza , Sahil Mohamad Fauzie , Fadjrir Fadjrir , Ardiansyah Edy , Yaznil Muhammad Rizki , Sarirah Munauwarus
Published: August 2019

Background: Endometriosis is a benign disease that has malignant properties such as genetic polymorphism, loss control of cell proliferation, infiltration, and local spread or to distant places. Several endometriosis studies linking endometrioma/ ovarian endometriosis with an increased risk of ovarian malignancy give rise to a transformation phenomenon of endometriotic cysts into malignancy. Bax is a pro apoptotic protein whose expression decreases in a malignancy. This decrease is related to the poor prognosis of endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma. This study was aimed to identify the expression and the difference of Bax expression between endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Fifty of paraffin blocks of endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma (serous, mucinous, clear cell, and endometrioid type) were examined by immunohistochemical using Bondmax Full Automatic with specific monoclonal antibody to identify Bax expression. The difference of Bax expression score between endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma was tested by Mann-Whitney test with significant value was set at p<0.05.Results: This study found that mean Bax expression score in endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma was 3.88 and 3.72. No difference of Bax expression between endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma (p>0.05). No difference of Bax expression between the clinical stages and histopathological types of ovarian carcinoma (p>0.05).Conclusion: There are no statistically significant difference in Bax protein expression in ovarian cancer and endometrioma.Keywords: Bax expression, endometrioma, ovarian carcinoma, apoptotic resistance
Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Gallic Acid, Quercetin and Rutin: A Comparative Study
Authors: Limanto Agus , Simamora Adelina , Santoso Adit Widodo , Timotius Kris Herawan
Published: August 2019

Background: Plant-phenolics and flavonoids, including gallic acid, quercetin and rutin, are considered as safe inhibitors for α-glucosidase. This study aimed to compare antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of gallic acid (GA), quercetin (QUE) and rutin (RUT).Materials and Methods: Pure compounds of GA, QUE, and RUT were used. Their antioxidant and inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase were investigated spectroscopically, including their kinetic analysis and interaction mechanism by docking simulation.Results: All the tested compounds (GA, QUE, and RUT) showed good antioxidant activity better than the standards ascorbic acid (AA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with QUE showing the highest antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Based on their reducing properties, the activities of the compounds follow the following order: AA > GA > BHT > QUE > RUT. Both GA and RUT induced a competitive type of inhibition, with activities stronger than acarbose (IC50 = 823 μg/mL), whereas QUE inhibited in a mixed type manner. The IC50 of GA, QUE, and RUT were 220.12, 65.52, and 224.55 μg/mL respectively. The results obtained from molecular docking indicate that all compounds have affinity in the active site pocket of α-glucosidase, with the hydrogen bond being the major force involved in each compound binding to the enzyme.Conclusion: In conclusion, QUE has better antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than GA and RUT. This work provides insights into the interactions between GA, QUE, and RUT and α-glucosidase.Keywords: docking, gallic acid, α-glucosidase, rutin, quercetin
A UPLC-MS/MS Assay for Simultaneous Determination of Two Antipsychotics and Two Antidepressants in Human Plasma and Its Application in Clinic
Authors: Li Houli , Cheng Xiaoliang , Zhang Di , Wang Maoyi , Dong Weihua , Feng Weiyi
Published: August 2019

Background:

Antidepressants and antipsychotics are widely prescribed drugs for the treatment
of mental diseases. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for patients taking these
drugs to ensure pharmaceutical efficacy, medication compliance and prevent toxicity.

Objective:

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/
MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of two Antidepressants-Fluoxetine (FLU)
and Escitalopram (ESC), and two antipsychotics-risperidone (RIS) and aripiprazole (ARI), in human
plasma.

Methods:

The sample was processed by simple protein precipitation and the targeted analytes were
separated on a C18 column by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v)
and acetonitrile. All the analytes were qualitative and quantitative measured by electrospray ionization
source with Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode. A total of 56 plasma samples
were obtained from out- or in-patients who were taking the cited four drugs for further analysis.

Results:

The calibration curves for FLU, ESC, RIS and ARI were linear in the range of 45-1800,
4-320, 2-200 and 50-1800 ng/mL, respectively. The entire analytical time for the analytes was 7.0 min
for each run and the extraction efficiency was more than 90%. The sample was stable within various
storage conditions. The trough concentrations in patients were measured with the validated method.

Conclusions:

The developed method was successfully used for simultaneous determination of FLU,
ESC, RIS and ARI in the plasma of the patients, which provides effective technical support for routine
TDM of these four drugs and is of great clinic value for individual therapy.
Single Stranded DNA Immune Modulators with Unmethylated CpG Motifs: Structure and Molecular Recognition by Toll-Like Receptor 9
Authors: Fehér Krisztina
Published: August 2019

Single stranded microbial DNA fragments with unmethylated deoxycytidylyldeoxyguanosine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs are interpreted as danger signals by the innate immune system via recognition by the Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9). Their synthetic analogues, Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) comprise a promising class of immune modulators with potential applications in the treatment of multiple diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases or allergy. ODN molecules contain a core hexamer sequence, which is species specific consisting of GACGTT and AACGT for mouse and GTCGTT in humans. Assessment of structural features of different type of ODNs is highly challenging. NMR spectroscopic insights were gained for a short, single CpG motif containing ODN 1668. The structural basis of ODN recognition by TLR9 recently started to unravel as crystal structures of TLR9 orthologues in complex with ODN 1668 were solved. Systematic investigations of ODN sequences revealed that ODNs with a single CpG motif are capable of activating mouse TLR9, but two closely positioned CpG motifs are necessary for activation of human TLR9. Furthermore, longer ODNs with TCC and TCG sequences at the 5’ end were shown to activate TLR9 with higher efficiency. It was revealed that 5’-xCx motif containing short ODNs (sODN) are able to augment the immune response of short, single CpG containing ODNs, which are incapable of activating of TLR9 alone. All these observations pointed to the existence of a second binding site on TLR9, which was characterized in crystal structures that delivered further insights of the nucleic acid recognition of the innate immune system by TLR9.
Astrocytes: From the Physiology to the Disease
Authors: Trujillo-Estrada Laura , Gomez-Arboledas Angela , Forner Stefânia , Martini Alessandra Cadete , Gutierrez Antonia , Baglietto-Vargas David , LaFerla Frank M.
Published: August 2019

Astrocytes are key cells for adequate brain formation and regulation of cerebral blood flow as well as for the maintenance of neuronal metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis and exocytosis, and synaptic transmission. Many of these functions are intrinsically related to neurodegeneration, allowing refocusing on the role of astrocytes in physiological and neurodegenerative states. Indeed, emerging evidence in the field indicates that abnormalities in the astrocytic function are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Huntington’s Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In the present review, we highlight the physiological role of astrocytes in the CNS, including their communication with other cells in the brain. Furthermore, we discuss exciting findings and novel experimental approaches that elucidate the role of astrocytes in multiple neurological disorders.
Study on Capacity Distribution of Optimal Configuration Ratio of Urban Replenishment Station of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Bo , Huang Bicheng , Wang Zhongxian
Published: August 2019

Background:

This paper deeply studies the influence of the capacity distribution of urban
charging and replacing power stations on the distribution network and gives the optimal
solution.

Objective:

The optimal configuration scheme of the charging and replacing station has been given
to reduce the impact of the charging and replacing station on the distribution network.

Methods:

First, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to extract the influencing factors. The
probability load models of the battery replacement station, the slow charging station and the fast
charging station are established respectively. The capacity distribution is represented by three different
types of charging and switching station configuration ratios. Furthermore, the impact of the
charging and replacing power station on the economics and safety of the distribution network is
analyzed. Different from other literature, the “peak-filling” model with “minimum peak load”,
“maximum valley load” and “minimum peak-to-valley difference” is established, and then PSO is
adopted.

Results:

Finally, the actual configuration is used to compare and analyze the four configuration
schemes to prove the superiority of the optimization scheme.

Conclusion:

Three models have different key influencing factors, so that the electric vehicle load
forecasting is more targeted and accurate. The results show that more battery replacement stations
can reduce the impact of EV charging on the distribution network, and the construction of the
supply replenishment should be based on the construction of the power station.
Catalytic Transformation of Bio-oil to Benzaldehyde and Benzoic Acid: An Approach for the Production of High-value Aromatic Bio-chemicals
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Zhu Lijuan , Zhu Changhui , Wang Chenguang , Li Quanxin
Published: August 2019

Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid are high-value aromatic chemicals and important intermediates
in chemical industry, and the catalytic conversion of biomass-based sources to these aromatic
chemicals is of great significance in both academic and industrial fields. This work demonstrated that
bio-oil was directionally converted into benzaldehyde and benzoic acid by three-step process under
atmospheric pressure and moderate temperatures. The process included the catalytic cracking of biooil
into aromatics over 1% Ga/HZSM-5 catalyst, followed by the dealkylation of heavier alkylaromatics
to toluene over Re/HY catalyst and the liquid-phase oxidation of toluene-rich aromatics to the targeted
chemicals over CoCl2/NHPI (CoCl2/N-Hydroxyphthalimide) catalyst. The production of benzaldehyde
and benzoic acid from the bio-oil-derived aromatics, with the overall selectivity of 86.8%, was
achieved using CoCl2/NHPI catalyst at 100 °C. Furthermore, adding a small amount of methanol into
the feed would efficiently suppress the coke formation, and thus, enhance the yield of aromatics. Potentially,
the novel synthesis route offers a green way for the production of higher value-added aromatic
chemicals using renewable and environmentally friendly biomass-based sources.
WHO Guidelines in Practice in India: Stability Studies on Selected CNS Active Herbal Products Through Physicochemical, Chromatographic and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Nancy  , Kaur Jasmeen , Bansal Yogita , Bansal Gulshan
Published: August 2019

Background & Objective::

Accelerated stability study (40°C/75% RH, 6 months) as well as long term stability studies (30°C/65% RH, 36 months) are conducted on three
batches (I-III) of two commercially available CNS active herbal products (A and B) containing
Convolvulus pluricaulis with Centella asiatica or Bacopa monnieri.

Methods::

Stability samples were withdrawn at periodic intervals, and evaluated for physical
stability (color, clarity, viscosity and pH), chemical stability (total phenolic (TPC), scopoletin,
asiatic acid and bacoside A content), and biological activities (free radical scavenging,
anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antianxiety). All stability samples retained the physical
characteristics compared to corresponding control samples. Control samples exhibited significant
batch-to-batch variation in TPC (46.8-65.9 mgGAE/L), scopoletin (165.78-206.15 ng/mL
in A and 2.61-28.78 ng/mL in B), asiatic acid (30.14-44.92 μg/mL in B), free radical scavenging
activity (IC50 0.5-1.25% v/v), AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 75.0-96.3% v/v), and antianxiety
activity.

Results::

The chemical indicators and biological activities were significantly decreased in
both accelerated and long term stability samples compared to corresponding control samples.
A correlation between scopoletin and biological activities was established in products A
whereas asiatic acid/C. asiatica defies the logical correlation in product B.

Conclusion::

The products exhibited significant batch-to-batch variation, and did not remain
stable for the recommended shelf life period of three years, which suggested that these are
suspected to lose therapeutic efficacy during their shelf life.