bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Thai Version of the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
Authors: Jagota Priya , Srivanitchapoom Prachaya , Petchrutchatachart Sitthi , Singmaneesakulchai Surat , Pisarnpong Apichart , Lolekha Praween , Setthawatcharawanich Suwanna , Chairangsaris Parnsiri , Limotai Natlada , Mekawichai Pawut , Panyakaew Pattamon , Phokaewvarangkul Onanong , Sringean Jirada , Pitakpatapee Yuvadee , LaPelle Nancy , Martinez-Martin Pablo , Ren Xuehan , Luo Sheng , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. , Bhidayasiri Roongroj
Published: March 2022

Objective This study aims to validate the Thai translation of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS).Methods The English version was translated into Thai and then back-translated into English. The translated version underwent 2 rounds of cognitive pretesting to assess the ease of comprehension, ease of use and comfort with the scale. Then, it underwent large clinimetric testing.Results The Thai version was validated in 354 PD patients. The comparative fit index (CFI) for all four parts of the Thai version of the MDS-UPDRS was 0.93 or greater. Exploratory factor analysis identified isolated item differences in factor structure between the Thai and English versions.Conclusion The overall factor structure of the Thai version was consistent with that of the English version based on the high CFIs (all CFI ≥ 0.90). Hence, it can be designated the official Thai version of the MDS-UPDRS.
Simulation of subcooled flow instability for high flux research reactors with ATHLET
Authors: Hainoun A. , Schaffrath A.
Published: March 2022

The ATHLET code has been improved and validated for the safety analysis of high flux research reactors against experimental data of the Thermalhydraulic Test Loop of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Therefore, an extensive series of “stiff mode” experiments were recalculated. The comparison between experiments and ATHLET posttest calculations shows that the extended code simulates accurately the thermalhydraulic conditions and the flow instabilities in a wide range of inlet velocity, heat and mass flux.
IAEA programme on managing safety aspects of ageing nuclear power plants
Authors: Pachner J.
Published: March 2022

In view of an increasing age of nuclear power plants, many of which are planning or considering extending service life to 5060 years, ensuring the safety and reliability of ageing nuaclear power plants is an important task of the nuclear industry, national safety authorities, and international organizations such as the IAEA. This paper presents an overview of IAEA work on safety aspects of ageing nuclear power plants and indicates future direction aimed at strengthening capabilities of IAEA Member States in managing long-term nuclear power plant safety.
Ageing surveillance programmes in Swiss nuclear power plants
Authors: Schulz S. F , Tipping Ph.
Published: March 2022

Ageing surveillance programmes for Swiss nuclear power plants were started about ten years ago. The following contribution gives an overview of these programmes. They deal with ageing phenomena of materials of mechanical and electrical components, as well as civil structures. For each safety relevant component, the known ageing mechanisms are identified, and the maintenance, testing, inspection and monitoring programmes are then examined with respect to their suitability for detecting the ageing degradation. Programmes and procedures may be adjusted, or new ones introduced to ensure state of science and technology ageing surveillance. Documentation of the plant-specific ageing surveillance programmes is prepared by the nuclear power plant operators and given to the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate for assessment. Experience with the ageing surveillance programmes over the last ten years shows favourable results for the monitoring of ageing and safe operation of the plants.
Online-monitoring of motor operated valves
Authors: Zander R.-M. , Findler T. , Adamczyk J.
Published: March 2022

Traditionally, evaluating the running behaviour of motor operated valves (MOV) is based upon a non-continuous and demand oriented method. Gundremmingen Nuclear Power Plants has improved this strategy over the last 3 years. At MOVs within the safety system, diagnostics modules were installed for an online monitoring of active power during every run on demand. In the near future, functionality will be further enhanced in order to increase the particular knowledge, as a basis for both a safety oriented, but optimised, condition-based preventive maintenance approach and a plant life management strategy. Furthermore, during spring outage of unit B in 2002, a benchmark was implemented at four MOVs, which includes both comparison between two different kinds of power monitoring as well as active control of one of the systems.
German utility nuclear power plant ageing management concept
Authors: Metzner K.-J. , Alt M.
Published: March 2022

This paper is supposed to clarify the existing German utility integrity concept and is its sound application regarding ageing management issues covering the following key topics: requirements established in the German regulations and codes/standards, NPP safety relevance; NPP availability concerns, safety relevant systems to be considered, component ranking concerning safety significance, explanation of ageing management concept elements, examples for the application of ageing management concepts.
Four-dimensional multi-particle tracking in living cells based on lifetime imaging
Authors: Chen Danni , Li Heng , Yu Bin , Qu Junle
Published: March 2022

Research on dynamic events in living cells, such as intracellular transportation, is important for understanding cell functions. As movements occur within cells, the microenvironment of the moving vesicles or biomacromolecules may affect the behavior of them. Herein, we propose a method of simultaneously monitoring changes in spatial positions and the local environment related to the fluorescence lifetime, i.e., four-dimensional (4D) multi-particle parallel-tracking in living cells. Based on double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) microscopy and streak camera, the method combines three-dimensional (3D) localization methods and fluorescence lifetime imaging. By modifying the PSF of the system, the 3D positions and fluorescence lifetime information for several molecules within a depth of a few microns can be acquired simultaneously from a single snapshot. The feasibility of this method is verified by simulating the real-time tracking of a single particle with a given trajectory. In addition, a proof-of-concept 4D tracking system based on the DH-PSF and streak camera was built. The experimental results show that the 3D localization and lifetime precision are σ(x, y, z) = (26 nm, 35 nm, 53 nm) and σ(τ) = 103 ps, respectively, and the effective depth of field is approximately 4 μm. Finally, intracellular endocytosis in a living cell was observed using the system, which demonstrated the successful 4D tracking of two microspheres moving within an axial depth of 4 μm. This work opens a new perspective for research of dynamic processes, by providing information about the chemical (microenvironments) and physical (positions) changes of moving targets in living cells.
Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of S47450 bolt
Authors: Tao Siyou , Sun Shibao , Wang Sailong , Rong Chai , Du Xiaodong
Published: March 2022

The effects of heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of S47450 bolt materials were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile test, impact test and hardness test. The results showed that in the temperature range selected by the test, the quenched martensite of the bolt material after quenching at 1070 °C and tempering at 670 °C was fully refined and evenly distributed, and the precipitation of Cr23C6 played the role of precipitation hardening. It showed the excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with the Brinell hardness reaching 295 HBW and the tensile strength of 1035 MPa. The elongation was 16 %, and the impact energy at room temperature was 21 J.
Excessive Lack of Fusion in Welds of Limited Accessibility
Authors: Neidel Andreas , Riesenbeck Susanne , Giller Madeleine
Published: March 2022

One definition of failure is that the subject component lost its function intended by design. The case study presented in this contribution is admittedly borderline in this respect. The parts in question have never seen any engine service and were taken straight out of fabrication, namely the weld shop. Welded components for turbomachinery exhibited excessive areas of lack of fusion in welds. Some of the subject assemblies were put in engine service in non-OEM machinery, without experiencing any failures. This was before weld imperfections were detected in fabrication. However, even though faulty components did not yet fail in service, the presented case is still categorized as a failure case, since the subject weld imperfections were so severe that failure had to be considered imminent. This
Does Doubt Require Reasons?
Authors: Pfisterer Christoph C.
Published: March 2022

In On Certainty, Wittgenstein conceives a novel way of dispelling skeptical doubts about our knowledge of the external world. He acknowledges that in his attempt to refute the skeptic, Moore uncovered epistemologically relevant propositions such as ‘I know that this is a hand’. But he denies that appealing to such truisms is likely to succeed in refuting skepticism–not because they cannot be doubted, but because they are not objects of knowledge in the first place. Rather than refuting skepticism about the external world, Moore’s truisms form the background against which claims to knowledge and doubt are reasonable, meaningful, or justified. By incorporating such conditions for doubt, Wittgenstein seems to provide an effective rationale against skepticism: not only do we lack reasons for certain doubts about our knowledge of the external world, but those doubts also presuppose that much of what we take to know is exempt from them. This paper critically examines the claim that doubt requires reasons and uses Descartes’ famous dream argument as an example to show that not every doubt can be easily dispelled by invoking it.
Unexpected Uncertainty in Adaptive Learning
Authors: Sandru Adrian Razvan
Published: March 2022

Wittgenstein talks in his Philosophical Investigations of a pupil engaging in a repetitive series continuation who suddenly begins to apply a different rule than the one instructed to him. This hypothetical example has been interpreted by a number of philosophers to indicate either a skeptical attitude towards rules and their application (Kripke 1982; Wright 1980), an implicit need of knowledge and understanding of a rule accessible to those engaged in a given practice (McDowell 2002), or a certain normativity that guides our actions but is not cognitive, but processual in nature (Ginsborg 2020). I wish to support and extend Ginsborg’s account of primitive normativity from a novel perspective in a twofold manner: 1) by describing the mechanism of primitive normativity via Kant’s concept of aesthetical and epistemic pleasure and displeasure; 2) by applying the conceptual pair of expected and unexpected uncertainty from adaptive learning theories, which describe the fluctuation of learning rates under uncertain circumstances.

I am grateful to Dr. Romain Ligneul's help in better understanding the subtleties of this conceptual pair.
Tiefgehende Uneinigkeiten aus Logisch-Pragmatischer Sicht
Authors: Wendler Hannes
Published: March 2022

Deep Disagreements from the Logico-Pragmatical Point of View: An Analysis of Disagreements Based on Moyal-Sharrock’s Interpretation of Wittgenstein’s

On Certainty.
Argumentation is central to philosophy. One of its primary functions is to resolve disagreement. Yet, there are cases of disagreement that undercut the conditions of possibility for argumentation themselves: deep disagreements. In his seminal paper, Fogelin (2005) conceived of deep disagreements in Wittgensteinian terms by highlighting their “grammatical” character. Other than normal disagreements, which are located in the space of giving and receiving reasons, deep disagreements are concerned with what enables reasoning in the first place. Hence, they cannot be rationally resolved. Drawing on an interpretation of Moyal-Sharrock’s (2007) account of Wittgensteinian certainties, my logico-grammatical account proposes that deep disagreements pertain to certainties, viz. non-proposional ways of acting in the life-world that are epistemologically basic. Furthermore, the logico-grammatical analysis entails a gradual conception of the transition from normal to deep disagreements by differentiating different types (universal, local, personal, linguistic) and origins (instinctive, acquired) of certainties and specifying which forms of certainty can and cannot be dropped. Also, it allows to identify participating in the human form of life and discursive capabilities as conditions of possibility of disagreements. Consequently, it can specify the turning-point at which disagreement transforms into mere difference. It is at this point that the focus of a dispute switches from the rationality of the discourse to that of the agents of discourse.
Regulatory Barriers to Autonomy in Aviation
Authors:   ASTM International
Published: March 2022

Description

As technology advances and increased automation and autonomy in aviation become ever more within reach, it makes sense to turn our attention to the operational regulatory landscape within which these aircraft will be flown. Technical standards that could be part of the means of compliance for the airworthiness certification of these aircraft are receiving attention within a variety of standards development organizations (SDOs). The operational rules and their implications for autonomous aircraft, however, remain largely unexplored.
Unrecognized Primary Hypoparathyroidism with Severe Hypocalcemia in the Presence of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Grigoravičius Domas , Šiaulienė Laura , Visockienė Žydrūnė
Published: March 2022

Primary hypoparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare disease most commonly caused by surgical parathyroid glands destruction or genetic disorders. PHPT manifestation varies from subclinical to acute or even lethal symptoms. In atypical presentation the signs of hypocalcemia could be missed, and asymptotic chronic hypocalcemia could manifest only in the presence of exacerbated comorbidities, infections, hypomagnesemia or certain medications. We present a case of PHPT with severe hypocalcemia manifesting as seizures and delirium in a presence of COVID-19 infection.
Half a century of Sri Lanka research: Subjects, researchers, institutions, journals and impact (1973-2019)
Authors: Ranasinghe Priyanga , Monge-Nájera Julián , Liyanage Chiranthi K. , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Bibliometric analyses of research in Sri Lanka, a lower-middle income island nation in South Asia, has focused mainly on medical research, concluding that there is a need for increased research productivity and impact, and for local solutions to health concerns. There has been no general bibliometric analysis across scientific disciplines in the nation, or any study that covers a long period of time to identify general time trends. Objective: To measure and analyse Sri Lankan research by focusing on subjects, authors, institutions, journals and citation for half a century. Methods: We used an advanced search method to extract publications with the word “Sri Lanka” in the SCI-EXPANDED, and calculated indicators such as total citations from Web of Science Core Collection since publication year to the end of 2019, citations in 2019, and mean citations per publication. Journal data were taken from 2019 Journal Citation Report. Affiliation re-classification was done to ensure consistency regarding the origin of all publications. Publications were further analysed based on collaboration, and first and corresponding authorship. Results: We retrieved 16 069 publications in 19 document types (77 % articles). Corrections had the highest number of authors per publication (616) followed by articles (116). Four articles had more than 5 000 authors and 593 articles had more than 1 000 authors. The highest citations in this database were for international megaprojects where Sri Lankan authors played minor roles. The UK had the most collaborative articles with Sri Lanka (19 %). The articles were published in 3 051 journals across 177 Web of Science categories. The category of Public, environmental and occupational health, with 193 journals, had 6.7 % of all articles, followed by environmental sciences (6.6 %). Conclusion: Sri Lanka has an unusually strong pattern of participating as small role players in international megaprojects about health and physics. Sri Lankan authors should be encouraged to expand their horizons by researching non-applied fields that are the basis of all innovation; to strengthen their own journals so that they have better visibility and impact, and to improve their positions in international projects that are published in larger journals.
Bibliometrics of Sudanese scientific publications: Subjects, institutions, collaboration, citation and recommendations
Authors: Ali Elhassan Moawia Mohammed , Monge-Nájera Julián , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Sudan is the third largest country in Africa and has rich reserves of petroleum and other ground resources, but its per capita Gross Domestic Product is only $808 and researchers work in insufficient institutional facilities and with little funding. Previous studies about its scientific productivity have been limited to specific subjects and relatively short periods, with no large analyses until now. Objective: To analyze the scientific output of Sudan in depth, considering all research areas and several decades of scientific activity. Methods: We retrieved the documents with “Sudan” in field country in the Science Citation Index Expanded for the period 1900-2019. Results: We retrieved over 9 000 publications and found that most were articles; that citation was higher for review articles and book chapters, and that this index mostly covered articles in English. Beginning in 1972, the number of publications in this database has increased rapidly. The citation lifespan indicates slow growth in the Sudanese scientific literature, and collaboration is frequent both nationally and internationally, possibly because the scarce resources make collaboration almost compulsory. Most external collaboration is done with Saudi Arabia but citation is higher for articles resulting from international megaprojects, led by Europe and the USA, in which Sudanese researchers play secondary roles. Research focusses on applied technological subjects with little innovation value. Women play a smaller role in Sudanese science. Conclusions: Our recommendations for Sudanese science include increasing the number of women in leading research positions; providing funding directly to researchers (i.e., bypassing bureaucratic bodies); increasing basic research to avoid stagnation; training Sudanese researchers for leading positions; and identifying specific research areas where Sudan can lead in its region.
Efecto de la cobertura vegetal en escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) y sus funciones ecológicas en un bosque andino de Colombia
Authors: Arias-Álvarez Gustavo Adolfo , Vanegas-Alarcón David Andrés , García-Hernández Andrea Lorena , Santos-Heredia Carolina , Andresen Ellen
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Los escarabajos coprófagos realizan funciones importantes en los ecosistemas terrestres, pero las presiones antrópicas los afecta negativamente. Estos efectos están bien documentados en bosques Neotropicales de tierras bajas, pero se han estudiado poco en los bosques andinos. Objetivos: Evaluar cómo el cambio de uso del suelo afecta los atributos de la comunidad de escarabajos coprófagos y tres de sus funciones ecológicas, en tres tipos de cobertura vegetal de la “Hacienda El Ocaso’. Adicionalmente, se evaluó las relaciones entre los atributos y las funciones, y entre las tres diferentes funciones ecológicas. Métodos: Usando trampas de caída se colectaron escarabajos coprófagos en tres tipos de cobertura vegetal: bosque secundario, bosque mixto y potreros (tres sitios independientes por cobertura). Los atributos que se evaluaron fueron abundancia, número de especies, biomasa y longitud promedio ponderada; las funciones que se midieron fueron remoción de heces, excavación de suelo y dispersión secundaria de semillas. Resultados: Se encontró que los atributos de las comunidades y las funciones ecológicas están siendo afectados negativamente por el cambio del uso del suelo, principalmente por el uso ganadero. La mayoría de los atributos de la comunidad se correlacionaron positivamente con las funciones; la excavación del suelo y la dispersión de semillas se correlacionaron fuertemente con la remoción de heces. Conclusión: Este estudio contribuye a nuestro entendimiento sobre la fauna de escarabajos coprófagos y su importancia funcional en los bosques de la región andina y como estos son afectados por el cambio en el uso del suelo.
Áreas en riesgo para los mamíferos marinos en Colombia
Authors: Avila Isabel Cristina , Giraldo Alan
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Los mamíferos marinos están siendo afectados por diferentes amenazas que causan un efecto negativo a las especies o poblaciones. Para mitigar estos impactos se requiere establecer para cada especie la variación espacial y temporal de estas amenazas. Objetivo: realizar una visualización cuantitativa de las amenazas que afectan a las especies de mamíferos marinos en Colombia en las últimas tres décadas, e identificar las acciones necesarias para mitigar dichas amenazas. Métodos: En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión y georreferenciación de las amenazas documentadas para los mamíferos marinos presentes en Colombia (35 especies) entre 1991 y 2020. Se generó una base de datos con amenazas identificadas, localizadas y fechadas. Adicionalmente se crearon mapas de riesgos, superponiendo los diferentes taxones y amenazas para poder visualizar un panorama general de donde están ocurriendo las amenazas en Colombia. Resultados: El 63 % de los mamíferos marinos en Colombia (22 especies) registraron al menos una amenaza. La captura incidental e interacciones con artes de pesca afectaron a la mayoría de las especies (16 especies), seguida por la captura directa (8 especies) y tráfico/tránsito de embarcaciones (6 especies) y la alteración de la física oceánica (6 especies). Las actividades humanas directas, principalmente la pesca, fue la principal fuente de amenaza que afectó a la mayoría de las especies (18 especies). Las especies más afectadas, en cuanto a la mayor diversidad de amenazas que enfrentan, son la ballena jorobada (Megaptera novaeangliae), el manatí antillano del Caribe (Trichechus manatus), el tucuxi marino (Sotalia guianensis) y el delfín nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus). Los mapas obtenidos muestran que el 99.9% del territorio marino de Colombia presenta algún grado de riesgo para la comunidad de mamíferos marinos. Se identificaron zonas de alto riesgo en los alrededores de Buenaventura, Guapi, Golfo de Cupica y Bahía de Tumaco en el Pacífico, y en el golfo de Urabá, golfo de Darién, golfo de Morrosquillo, alrededores de Barranquilla y ciénaga grande de Santa Marta y en el golfo de Coquivacoa en el Caribe. En general, el patrón de áreas en riesgo basado en amenazas documentadas para mamíferos marinos en Colombia se ha mantenido similar durante las tres últimas décadas, sin embargo, las áreas en riesgo por contaminación y disminución de recursos han aumentado en la última década 2011-2020. Conclusiones: Los mamíferos marinos en Colombia se encuentran actualmente en riesgo debido a varias amenazas, especialmente relacionadas con las actividades de pesca, captura y transporte, y principalmente en las zonas costeras. Se recomienda evaluar en detalle el estado de las especies de mamíferos marinos en Colombia, especialmente en las áreas de alto riesgo identificadas en el presente estudio y tomar acciones de manejo que propendan por su conservación.
Influencia de factores clínicos en la evolución anatómica y funcional a largo plazo de pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad de tipo exudativo tratados según práctica clínica habitual
Authors:   , Llorente Sara
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To assess the effect of clinical factors on the development and progression of atrophy and fibrosis in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving long-term treatment in the real world. Methods: An ambispective 36-month multicentre study, involving 359 nAMD patients from 17 Spanish hospitals treated according to the Spanish Vitreoretinal Society guidelines, was designed. The influence of demographic and clinical factors, including the presence and location of retinal fluid, on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and progression to atrophy and/or fibrosis were analysed. Results: After 36 months of follow-up and an average of 13.8 antiVEGF intravitreal injections, the average BCVA gain was +1.5 letters, and atrophy and/or fibrosis were present in 54.8% of nAMD patients (OR=8.54, 95% CI=5.85-12.47, compared to baseline). Atrophy was associated with basal intraretinal fluid (IRF) (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.09-3.20), whereas basal subretinal fluid (SRF) was associated with a lower rate of atrophy (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.23-0.71) and its progression (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.26-0.75), leading to a slow progression rate (OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.14-0.83). Fibrosis development and progression were related to IRF at any visit (p<0.001). In contrast, 36-month SRF was related to a lower rate of fibrosis (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.29-0.81) and its progression (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.31-0.81). Conclusion: Atrophy and/or fibrosis were present in 1 of 2 nAMD patients treated for 3 years. Both, especially fibrosis, lead to vision loss. SRF was associated with good visual outcomes and lower rates of atrophy and fibrosis, whereas IRF yields worse visual results and a higher risk of atrophy and especially fibrosis in routine clinical practice.
Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa w sporcie w odniesieniu do wybranych zadań oraz statusu prawnego polskiej agencji antydopingowej
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Polska, Masłowski Patryk
Published: March 2022

Ensuring safety in sport is one of the most important aspects influencing the general social positive perception of this sphere of everyday life. The term of the aforementioned safety should be understood as preventing the possibility of any risk arising in relation to fans as participants of e.g. mass sports events and athletes who, by using illegal doping in sport, not only commit fraud and at the same time violate the principle of fair play, which is fundamental to sport, as well as risk the loss of health and even life due to the medical risk of illegal doping. On the basis of the Act on Combating Doping in Sport, which entered into force in 2017, the Polish Anti-Doping Agency (POLADA) has become the main entity responsible for combating this negative phenomenon, whose organizational structure and powers correspond to the global standards that have been developed by the World Anti-Doping Agency through its effective activities. Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This article discusses selected aspects of doping in sport, as well as the legal status and tasks of the Polish Anti-Doping Agency.
Polityczno-prawne inspiracje teologii trynitarnej Tertuliana
Authors:   Uniwersytet Papieski im. Jana Pawła II, Krajów, Polska, Tomasiewicz Marcin
Published: March 2022

The article aims to show that the concept of the Trinity proposed by Tertullian (a Roman lawyer and theologian of the first decades of the third century) was inspired by political and legal thought. Through the concept of substance, Tertullian lays the foundation for the unity of the Trinity. At the same time, his proposed explanation of this unity bears a far-reaching similarity to the philosophical conception of monarchy in the early principate. The Greek concept of economy, which meaning Tertullian conveys using the Latin word dispensation, turns out to be the key to distinguish between Father, Son and Spirit. Both of these terms correspond very closely with the concept of administrative authority. The legacy of legal science is particularly visible in the construction of the concept of a Person. The legal concept of the persona corresponds to the functional use of the term by Tertullian, who thus sought to reflect the differentiation of Persons under one Deity.
Udział organizacji zawodowych w kontroli nad należytym wykonywaniem zawodów związanych z gospodarką nieruchomościami po deregulacji w Polsce na tle rozwiązań brytyjskich
Authors:   Politechnika Warszawska, Polska, Wilkowska-Kołakowska Dorota
Published: March 2022

The deregulation of the real estate professions that took place in 2014 opened up new opportunities for the state and its administration to cooperate with various types of professional organizations that have taken over from the state, either fully or partially, the task of controlling the proper practice of the real estate professions. Due to their tradition and history, which sometimes dates back to the 18th century, professional organizations operating in the area of real estate and property in Great Britain will be used as basis for my considerations. The aim of this article is to present the results of a study examining the legal bases for the functioning and competencies of professional organizations of a public nature (professional organizations), as well as those of a private nature (associations) vis-à-vis their impact on the carrying out of the real estate and property professions. This article argues that organizations functioning in the form of public professional organizations (or associations) are entities which – if their legal provisions and internal regulations are properly shaped – exercise an effective control over the access to and pursuit of professions related to real estate and property.
Niveles de ruido generados en procedimientos realizados en una facultad de odontología
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-9612, Acuña Vesga Andrea Patricia , Díaz Ramírez Leidy Carine , Almario Barrera Andrea Johanna , Peñuela Sánchez Adriana Esperanza , Castellanos Domínguez Yeny Zulay
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Los profesionales del área de odontología se ven expuestos a diferentes tipos de ruidos generados en el ambiente laboral producidos durante el ejercicio de su práctica clínica, originados, entre otros, por el instrumental y los aparatos rotatorios de uso diario. Estos niveles de ruido pueden variar de acuerdo a la especialidad clínica. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de ruido producido durante los procedimientos odontológicos en las clínicas de una facultad de odontología. Material y Métodos: A partir de un estudio de corte transversal analítico y mediante muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia se realizó el reconocimiento de las unidades en las especialidades odontológicas a evaluar. Se usó un sonómetro digital BENETECH GM1352, nivel de frecuencia A, rango 30-130 dB, exactitud más o menos 1,5 dB. Se utilizaron las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis para determinar diferencias en los niveles de ruido entre las especialidades odontológicas. Resultados: La mediana del nivel de ruido medido en general fue de 75,94 dB (RIC 74,12 – 77,51), la especialidad clínica en la que mayor ruido se identificó fue la operatoria dental (mediana 77,34 y RIC 76,44 –79,4 dB). Conclusiones: las áreas clínicas operatoria dental, rehabilitación, endodoncia y odontopediatría corresponden a las especialidades donde los niveles de ruido determinados se ajustan a los límites permitidos por la normatividad vigente en Colombia para el ruido medido en ambiente laboral.
Засіб підвищення ефективності моніторингу стану вантажу на суднах-газовозах на основі волоконно-оптичних технологій
Authors: Сандлер А. К. , Данчук Д. П.
Published: March 2022

Дослідження базується на запиті практики про необхідність розробки й впровадження нових засобів волоконно-оптичних засобів моніторингу вологості газу, які, за рахунок підвищення вірогідності вимірювальної інформації, забезпечують зниження невиробничих втрат. У роботі вирішене актуальне науково-технічне завдання наукового обґрунтування, розробки й дослідження засобу моніторингу вологості газу. Пропонований засіб забезпечує підвищення достовірності результатів вимірювання за рахунок використання принципів часткової інваріантності до зовнішніх неконтрольованих впливів вимірювань, яка досягається шляхом синтезу процесів перетворення світла, конструкції, комбінації матеріалів і способу одержання вимірювальної інформації. Як об'єкт дослідження визначені процеси формування й перетворення інформаційного сигналу у волоконно-оптичному засобі моніторингу вологості газу у складних умовах транспортування. Відповідно, предметом дослідження є волоконно-оптичні засоби моніторингу, що функціонують у складних умовах експлуатації. Теоретична частина роботи виконана з використанням: а) системного аналізу й дослідження операцій – при визначенні структурних зв'язків між елементами вимірювального засобу діагностики й декомпозиції об'єкта дослідження; б) теорії оптичних хвилеводів – при розрахунках коефіцієнтів оптичного зв'язку ділянок оптичного волокна (ОВ); в) методів аналітичного дослідження процесів взаємодії полів хвилеводних елементів – при дослідженні процесів перетворення світлового випромінювання у чутливому елементі (ЧЕ) під впливом деформацій. Проведено порівняльний аналіз впливу експлуатаційних факторів на характеристики волоконно-оптичних пристроїв контролю властивостей газу на суднах-газовоза. Проведений аналіз результатів впливу експлуатаційних дестабілізуючих факторів на характеристики пристроїв моніторингу відомих типів, дозволив локалізувати коло досліджень у межах використання волоконно-оптичних датчиків амплітудної модуляції. Визначено, що компенсацію некорельованої складової погрішності акселерометра необхідно виконувати на основі використання методів інваріантних перетворень, заснованих на принципі багатоканальності. Обрані методи, припущення і математичний апарат дослідження. Обґрунтовано застосування хвильового аналізу процесів у чутливому елементі (ЧЕ) засобу моніторингу на основі рівнянь Максвелла та методу рівних об'ємів. На підґрунті модифікованої теорії зв'язаних мод у оптичних волокнах, а також положеннях теорії пружності, сформована математична модель перетворення світлового випромінювання у пропонованому засобі моніторингу. Застосування запропонованого методу визначення параметрів синтезованого засобу діагностування на практиці створює передумови для розробки вимірювальних перетворювачів широкого цільового призначення.
Modern etiological and pathogenetic aspects of chronic peripheral uveitis
Authors: Tatarnikova E. B. , Krivosheina O. I. , Ivanova E. V.
Published: March 2022

Intermediate uveitis is among most severe forms of endogenous uveitis which is more common in young people, being characterized by minimal clinical manifestations at early stages of the disorder. A significant and, sometimes, irreversible decrease in visual acuity is associated with development of long-term complications of chronic cintermediate uveitis (CIU), i.e., complicating cataracts (in up to 57% of the cases), cystic maular edema developing at a frequency of up to 31%), as well as ophthalmic hypertension and glaucoma (up to 16% of the patients). The incidence rate of CIU is 1.5 per 100,000 per year. The eye, despite its high immune privilege, is susceptible to infectious and inflammatory diseases. Clinical and histopathological data suggest autoimmune origin of CIU associated with possible response to some endogenous antigen of unknown origin. The main effectors of inflammation in peripheral chorioretinal structures are CD4+T lymphocytes, which are found in paravasal infiltrates and vitreoretinal exudates in CIU. An important role in CIU pathogenesis is attributed to IL-6 and IL-8, TNFá, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and micro-RNAs, which show increased expression in most CIU patients. Impaired state of intestinal bacterial microbiome is a potential trigger of intraocular inflammation. Genetic predisposition for CIU was also revealed, due to polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigens and some other genes. It is necessary to expand and deepen our knowledge on the disease pathogenesis, in order to develop effective pharmacological treatment of CIU. The article is review of literature discussing the modern scientific ideas concerning etiology and mechanisms of the CIU development.
Role of diamine oxidase in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria
Authors: Mikryukova N. V. , Kalinina N. M.
Published: March 2022

Chronic urticaria is a polyetiological disease proceeding by various immunological and non-immunological (pseudo-allergic) mechanisms. Food intolerance is a distinct type of pseudo-allergies, manifesting, e.g., with histamine intolerance syndrome, caused by imbalance between the histamine accumulation and the ability to degrade it. The purpose of this article was to summarize results of recent studies, to discuss the difficulties of diagnosing this pathology, which primarily depends on the degree of impaired histamine degradation under the influence of diamine oxidase. Diamine oxidase is the main enzyme required for histamine destruction in the intestines, being synthesized by apical enterocytes. The review draws attention to the reasons leading to increased level of histamine not only with consumed food, given its different concentration in the same food products, depending, for example, on their processing and storage, but also with suppressing activity of the enzymes required for metabolism of histamine by various food additives, by the influence of microbiota. The results of studies in which the levels of histamine and/or diamine oxidase activity were determined, which depend on adherence to the diet confirming the association of diamine oxidase with the symptoms of histamine intolerance. According to most studies, the compliance with diet led to increased level of diamine oxidase. However, in some studies, no changes in the activity of this enzyme were found. There are several studies that have evaluated the levels of diamine oxidase in patients with true allergies. Moreover, some authors, in addition to adherence to the diet, evaluated the effectiveness of drugs containing diamine oxidase in patients with low levels of this enzyme in blood serum. The workers also confirm high proportion of histamine intolerance syndrome among various food reactions, suggesting a need for differential diagnosis with other non-immune reactions, including disorders of gastrointestinal tract and psychosomatic reactions. Thus, all the authors confirm the need for laboratory diagnosis of histamine intolerance syndrome, since this will not only increase the efficiency of dietary adherence, but also substantiate the usage of drugs containing diamine oxidase, which will improve quality of life in these cohorts. However, these patients are still treated with low-histamine diets. The literature data confirm the opportunity of using this histamine degradation enzyme as a biological marker of histamine intolerance syndrome, and recommend its assays for inclusion into the diagnostic algorithm for chronic urticaria.
The AGTR2 (RS11091046) Gene Polymorphism is Associated with Cycling Performance in Korean Cyclists
Authors: Min Seok-ki , Lim Seung-taek , Lee Kwangkyu , Kim Jieun , Kim Eonho , Jee Eunbin
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the association between AGTR2 (rs11091046 A>C) gene polymorphism and athletic performance.METHODS: The Korean national team cyclists enrolled in the study performed 30-second Wingate test (peak power, mean power, and power drop), one-repetition maximum (squat and bench press), and isokinetic dynamometer (60° extensor and flexor in both legs) to examine the power/sprint performance between the C and A alleles.RESULTS: The physical characteristics showed no significant difference between the C and A alleles. Comparison of physical fitness tests in cyclists revealed no significant difference between the two alleles in one-repetition maximum and isokinetic dynamometer. However, the C allele had a significantly higher peak power (10.46±0.82 vs. 9.92±0.57, p=.016) and mean power (8.30±0.48 vs. 7.95±0.47, p=.022) than A allele in the Wingate test.CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the AGTR2 gene C allele is associated with the power/sprint performance of the Korean national team cyclists.
Physical Activity Level and Exercise Barriers According to the Transtheoretical Model in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Park Ha Nui , Yeon Su Jin , Min Ji Hee , Lee Jeong Min , Jeong Ansuk , Kim Jee Ye , Park Hyung Seok , Kim Seung Il , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical activity (PA) and exercise barriers of stages 0-3 breast cancer survivors according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM).METHODS: This cross-sectional study that included data from a total of 295 breast cancer survivors (Age: 52.2±8.2 years, BMI: 23.5±3.3 kg/m2), at Shinchon Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The levels of PA and exercise barriers according to TTM were investigated using questionnaires.RESULTS: PA participation increased in the TTM stage. The proportion of participants categorized according to TTM stage differed according to the time since cancer diagnosis: a higher proportion of participants were in pre-contemplation/contemplation within one year after diagnosis, while a higher proportion of participants were in maintenance after three three years since diagnosis. The five most prevalent exercise barriers were fatigue, low level of physical fitness, poor health, lack of interest, and tendency to be physically inactive. Fatigue is the most prevalent exercise barrier regardless of TTM stage, while most exercise barriers tend to reduce as participants are in the preparation/action and maintenance stages.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we confirmed that the participants in the maintenance stage were the most active, while the proportion of participants in the TTM stage varied according to time since diagnosis. Since PA and exercise barriers vary according to the TTM stage, the TTM stage may increase PA participation in breast cancer patients.
The Effects of Self-Myofascial Release Before Weight Training on Functional Movement and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Authors: Lee Mi-Rae , Kim Jong-Hee
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of the self-myofascial release technique conducted before weight training on functional movement and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).METHODS: The study subjects were divided into three groups: a control group (CON, n=8), an active stretching group (DS, n=8), and a self-myofascial release group (SMR, n=8). All three groups performed the same leg press exercise program for 30 minutes, twice a week for eight weeks. Active stretching and self-myofascial release techniques were conducted before exercise for 30 minutes. Body composition, 1RM, and functional movement screen (FMS) were tested before the 1st-week exercise and after the 4th- and 8th-week exercise training. The DOMS levels were assessed immediately after exercise and at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exercise using the visual analog scale (VAS).RESULTS: Body weight and body fat percentage showed a significant decrease (p<0.01), and muscle mass and 1RM increased with the exercise period (p<0.01). The FMS score differed between the groups (p<0.05), periods (p<0.01), and groups×periods (p<0.01). The FMS score was significantly higher in the SMR than in the CON group at the 4th- and 8th-week exercise. The exercise-induced VAS level peaked at 48 hours post-exercise in all groups and significantly decreased at 72 hours post-exercise in the SMR group.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that self-myofascial release positively affects functional movements and effectively alleviates exercise-induced pain levels. Therefore, self-myofascial release techniques could be used as an effective warm-up strategy to improve physical function and relieve exercise-induced injury and muscle pain.
Reduced Glomerular Filtration in Diabetes Is Attributable to Loss of Density and Increased Resistance of Glomerular Endothelial Cell Fenestrations
Authors: Finch Natalie C. , Fawaz Sarah S. , Neal Chris R. , Butler Matthew J. , Lee Vivian K. , Salmon Andrew J. , Lay Abigail C. , Stevens Megan , Dayalan Lusyan , Band Hamid , Mellor Harry H. , Harper Steven J. , Shima David T. , Welsh Gavin I. , Foster Rebecca R. , Satchell Simon C.
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement

We propose a novel mechanism underlying loss of renal filtration function from studying glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrae in human diabetic kidney tissue and in a mouse model of diabetes. Diaphragmed fenestrae may provide structural resistance to filtration. We hypothesize that EHD3 is a key regulator of GEnC fenestrations, and its glomerular expression is lost in diabetes. This study establishes the critical role of GEnC fenestrations in renal filtration function and suggests a key regulator, potentially paving the way for development of targeted therapies to restore fenestrae and thus filtration function in kidney disease.

Background

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are recognized as an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier, yet little is known about how they are regulated and their role in disease.

Methods

We comprehensively characterized GEnC fenestral and functional renal filtration changes including measurement of glomerular K
f and GFR in diabetic mice (BTBR ob−/ob−
). We also examined and compared human samples. We evaluated Eps homology domain protein-3 (EHD3) and its association with GEnC fenestrations in diabetes in disease samples and further explored its role as a potential regulator of fenestrations in an in vitro model of fenestration formation using b.End5 cells.

Results

Loss of GEnC fenestration density was associated with decreased filtration function in diabetic nephropathy. We identified increased diaphragmed fenestrations in diabetes, which are posited to increase resistance to filtration and further contribute to decreased GFR. We identified decreased glomerular EHD3 expression in diabetes, which was significantly correlated with decreased fenestration density. Reduced fenestrations in EHD3 knockdown b.End5 cells in vitro further suggested a mechanistic role for EHD3 in fenestration formation.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the critical role of GEnC fenestrations in renal filtration function and suggests EHD3 may be a key regulator, loss of which may contribute to declining glomerular filtration function through aberrant GEnC fenestration regulation. This points to EHD3 as a novel therapeutic target to restore filtration function in disease.