bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Acidic End Products and Molecular Characterization of Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov
Authors: Duan Yi Tong , Liu Fang Jing , Wang Lu , Li Yong Feng
Published: January 2011

Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov, as a typical strains of hydrogen production bacteria, was isolated from the activated sludge in the biohydrogen production reaction by using culture media of HPB-LR which was designed particularly for isolating anaerobic fermentation bacteria and an improved Hungate rolling tubes technique and a plate method of culture bottle (PMCB) which were used for counting and isolating the anaerobes by our lab. Two representative strains of hydrogen production bacteria, namely RL20, RL37, and a strain of no hydrogen production bacterium, namely RL16 were used as contrast analysis. Experiment results indicated that the distributed proportion of ethanol and acetic acid was 95%-99% in the total amount of VAFs (Volatile Fatty Acid) of R3 which were typical ethanol-type fermentation, and the total amount of ethanol and acetic acid was commensurate with that of propionic acid.
Encapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis Powders by Internal Gelation of Alginate Microspheres for Stability
Authors: Yan Jun Xin , Chi De Fu , Yu Jia
Published: January 2011

Alginate microspheres prepared by internal gelation were chosen as carrier for a model microbial larvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), owing non-toxicity of the polymers and mild conditions of the method. The coated colloids were characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photostabilization of unencapsulated and encapsulated Bt powders when exposed to ultraviolet light was evaluated. The effect of the Bt-loaded alginate microspheres on the biology and mortality of Martianus dermestoides was investigated in the laboratory. The results showed that Bt-loaded alginate microspheres which were obtained by association had a mean length of 135.8 ± 15.8 µm. The photolysis experiments demonstrated that the UV light-induced decomposition of Bt was markedly decreased by encapsulation into microspheres. Therefore, it can be considered an effective system to enhance the photostability of Bt. Increased persistence against high temperature was also observed. Toxicity of the novel Bt-loaded alginate microsphere insecticide was higher in the adult stage compared to the unencapsulated Bt as indicated by the lower LC50 value.
The Study on the Fermentation of Phyllanthus emblica L. Juice
Authors: Li Min Jie , Xiong Ya , An Yun , Zhou Bang Tao
Published: January 2011

This article studied the problems of the low juice yield during the process of fermentation and the problems of sedimentation and brown during the period of storage, got the optimum technological conditions of fermentation: the amount of pectase is 0.25%, the amount of cellulose is 0.25%, the time and the temperature of zymohydrolysis are four hours and 40°C respectively. Adding 6% of diatomite and 0.1% of PVPP sorbents after zymohydrolysis, then filtering and clarifying after 2h’s static placing.
Nondestructive Measurement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Plantlets In Vitro
Authors: Wu Yan You , Lu Shan , Zhu Yong Li , Zhao Kuan
Published: January 2011

In order to determine the content of nitrogen in culture medium at different culture time and compare the nitrogen use efficiency of various plantlets in vitro, near infrared spectroscopy technique and image analysis technique with multi-references were used to obtain the successive information of nitrogen consumption. The models between spectral information and nitrogen content in the medium were established via the partial least squares method together with artificial neural networks. They were used to predict the content of nitrogen in nine test samples. The result showed that the nitrogen use efficiency of incised leaf-type Atractylodes lancea was higher than that of long lanceolate leaf-type, and that of Orychophragmus violaceus was lower than that of Brassica napus. It suggested that the physiological function of the incised Atractylodes lancea was better than that of the long lanceolate.
Advanced Treatment of Secondary Sewage Effluent by Iron-Carbon Internal Electrolysis
Authors: Cheng Li Hua , Bi Xue Jun , Liu Chang Qing
Published: January 2011

Due to increasing water scarcity, appropriate technologies were need for advanced treatment of wastewater to enable reuse. Effect of iron-carbon internal electrolysis in tertiary treatment of wastewater was investigated in this study. Static experiment was adopted to evaluate influence of Fe/C ratio, pH, reaction time and aeration on pollutant removal by iron-carbon internal electrolysis. Then dynamic experiment was conducted to determine removal rate of CODcr, TP, chroma and NO3--N. The results showed that internal electrolysis could remove CODcr, TP and chroma efficiently. The optimal ratio of Fe/C was 1:1. Initial pH could affect removal efficiency. In acid circumstance, the removal rate was higher. Degradation reaction by internal electrolysis was fast. when the reaction time was 10min, the removal rate could be ideal. In the process of internal electrolysis, aeration could increase pollutant removal rate. In aerated system, when the reaction time was only 15min, removal rate of CODcr, TP and chroma could reach 49.2%, 89% and 75%. But in non-aerated system, only when the reaction time was 100min could removal rate of these indexes reach 46.5%, 81% and 85.1%. In dynamic experiment, removal rate of CODcr, TP, chroma and NO3- could reach above 40%, 90%, 75% and 20%, respectively.
Biodegradation of Mixed Cultures on Azo Dyes and the Bioaugmentation Effects of the Activated Sludge System
Authors: Xu Feng
Published: January 2011

The biodegradation of mixed cultures was analyzed. The paper studied the effects of treat condition (static and shaking), concentration of dye, activities of oxidative enzymes (LiP, laccase and Manganese Peroxidase) and the bioaugmentation effects of the activated sludge system. The results showed that mixed cultures were able to degrade Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B and Direct Blue-6 (100 mg/L) completely within 32 h in shaking condition. As the initial concentration of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B increased from 100mg/L to 900mg/L, the decolorization rate still maintain a high level only decreased from 99.3% to 83.5%. Induction in the activity of oxidative enzymes (LiP, laccase and Manganese Peroxidase) represented their role in degradation. In augmented experiments, it showed that in the control SBR system with the CODCr of the effluent was in three average levels 848, 1228, and 1550 mg/L, the CODCr degradation rates were 42.3%, 32.8% and 19.7%. In the augmented system treated with the same effluent, the degradation rates of augmented system were 86.5%, 71.8% and 59.8% respectively. It showed that the activated sludge was augmented by the mixed cultures which made the system to be more stable and improve impact resistance.
Relationship between Reaumuria soongorica Community Structure and Soil Quality of the Semiarid Loess Plateau, NW of China
Authors: Liu Bing Ru
Published: January 2011

Reaumuria soongorica is the main dominant and constructive species of the desert shrub vegetation in the northwestern of China. The informations about changes in soil quality and vegetation structure togethor are available, which can provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable ecological systems that optimize production and maintain high environmental quality, but the variety of the plant community structure associate with dynamics of soil nutrient and microbial biomass are little known. In this study, five coverage levels of R. soongorica community were determined, while soil nutrients and microbial biomass were investigated. The results showed that the trends of plant species diversity (species richness) are ‘humped-back model’, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) slightly increased with plant cover but not with plant species richness. MBC and MBN were positively correlated with SOC and TN (P<0.05), and plant cover showed positively correlated with soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass. It was concluded that vegetation restoration improved soil nutrient status and indirectly affected soil microbial biomass. However, the unilateral increase of vegetation cover will have less effect to soil quality.
Mechanism of Adsorbing Cadmium in Electroplating Wastewater by Water-Washing Waste Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dai Shu Juan , Zhou Dong Qin , Wei De Zhou , Yang Shu Yong
Published: January 2011

The function mechanism of water-washing waste saccharomyces cerevisiae and cadmium in electroplating wastewater was studied by desorption by washing experiment，chemiscal modification experiment and XPS analysis of water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-adsorbing and post-adsorbing cadmium. The desorption by washing experiment result show that chemiscal adsorption is the main adsorption form; phsicalffunt chemiscal modification experiment result show –NH2 –COOH was important groups of water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae effecting on cadmium, XPS analysis result show that effect on water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae and cadmiun was not only on the surface but also in the cells.
Fate of Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Source-Separated Urine
Authors: Dong Liang Fei , Xu Yao , Wei Yong , Zhang Feng’e , Tu Bao Hua
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we focus on the fate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in source-separated urine. Fresh mixed urine of pH 6.7 was diluted with different factors and stored openly and closed respectively. With pH increasing concentration of total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and dissolved phosphate(PO43-) were measured to understand the fate of N and P in urine. Because of volatilization and precipitation, concentration of NH4+-N and PO43- in the urine stored closed was higher than them of stored openly with the equal dilution. Under same storing conditions, the higher dilution factor, the higher concentration of NH4+-N. When stored openly the pH of the samples increasing due to urea-hydrolysis resulted in precipitation which consumed N and P, and could be promoted by dilution with tap water containing hardness ions. Because of a few of hardness ions in the urine and tap water, the amount of precipitations containing calcium, magnesium, N and P in the urine sludge of every sample were not high enough to be detected by XRD. Although more flushing water would caused more precipitation, which is also helpful for nutrient recycling, using of large deal of tap water is not economic and environmentally friendly.
Factors Influencing the Formation of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Source Water
Authors: Guo Gai Mei
Published: January 2011

Humic acid and aromatic organic compounds (AOCs) detected generally in source water recently could react with chlorine during drinking water treatment process to generate disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). To simulate the real contaminated water, in the samples containing humic acid, 1,3-benzenediol, 1,4-benzenediol, 1,2-benzenediol, phenol and benzoic acid as representative AOCs were added to conduct chlorination test in order to analyze the impacts of some factors on the formation of THMs and HAAs. The research results indicated that THMs concentration increased with pH but HAAs concentration decreased with pH, and chlorine time, temperature and chlorine dosage all had the functional relationships with the formation of THMs and HAAs. These results could provide the valuable information for the effective control of DBPs during drinking water treatment operation.
Quantitative Retrieving of Vegetation Factors for Desertification Area
Authors: Fan Wen Yi , Li Ming Ze , Yu Ying
Published: January 2011

Quantitative RSIM (Remote Sensing Information Model) was studied to retrieve the vegetation factors (vegetation cover and biomass) for desertification assessment by using the data of state-produced hyperspectral resolution imagining spectrometer (OMIS-I), and the corresponding vegetation factors recoding maps based on pixel were obtained. The result shows that it is reliable to retrieve quantitatively the vegetation cover and the biomass by the data of hyperspectral resolution imagining spectrometer. When there are both the shrub and the grassland in the retrieved region, the precision of the polynomial model is obvious higher than that of the linear model, contrastingly when the type of the vegetations is simplification, the linear model has the higher precision. The quantitative retrieving of the vegetation factors are related to the vegetation type.
The Implementation Benefit and Critical Conditions of Municipal Solid Waste Separated Collection
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Hai Bin , Zhou Jing Cheng , Hu Yang , Yang Yu
Published: January 2011

After analyzing its importance and difficult points in actual situation, the effectiveness of implementing separated collection, including the source separate and manual sorting, for municipal solid waste (MSW) was evaluated by using a cost-benefit model. Then the preliminary research and case study on the critical conditions to carry out separated collection was discussed based on the recoverable garbage proportion of MSW in more than dozens of cities. It was concluded that, when the total proportion of four kinds of primary recoverable garbage reaches 30% in MSW, it would be appropriate for implementing separated collection. The result could provide some references for the decision-making on carrying out separated collection of MSW in different cities.
Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Chroogomphis rutillus
Authors: Ji Hong Fang , Zhang Ling Wen , Zhang Hai Yan , Yang Ming Duo , Zhang Yuan
Published: January 2011

Chroogomphis rutillus is an ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom available in China. The ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were prepared and their antioxidant properties studied. At 4 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.561, whereas those of cold water and hot water extracts were 1.161 and 0.808. With regard to the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, extracts were effective in the order: ethanolic > cold water > hot water extracts. EC50values for chelating ability on ferrous ions for ethanolic, cold water and hot water extracts were 15.755, 0.059, and 0.067 mg/mL, respectively. Based on EC50values, the various extracts from C. rutillus were effective antioxidants.
UV Protectants for the Biopesticide Based on Photostabilization of Ecdysone
Authors: Guan Hua Nan , Chi De Fu , Yu Jia
Published: January 2011

The ultraviolet protectant (UV protectant) properties of different natural and synthetic compounds were investigated for a biopesticide based on ecdysone. This study examined the photostabilization of ecdysone when exposed to ultraviolet light in the presence of some ultraviolet protectants. Ecdysone solutions with and without UV protectants in methanol were applied onto the surface of glass slides. At particular intervals, the remaining concentration of ecdysone was analyzed by HPLC. Using first-order kinetic equation, the dissipation half-life values (DT50) for the degradation of ecdysone under ultraviolet radiation were obtained. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against the larvae of Martianus dermestoides Chevrolat. It indicated that the addition of congo red, yeast, starch and arabia gum provided moderate degree of photostabilization of ecdysone and that addition of lignin provided the best photostabilization of ecdysone, among these UV protectants studied. Toxicity of the ecdysone with UV protectants was higher to the larvae of M. dermestoides Chevrolat compared to the ecdysone alone as indicated by the lower EC50 value. The dissipation half-life values of ecdysone after irradiation under ultraviolet light and the larvicidal activity suggested that the addition of lignin (in 1:l mol ratio) can provide better photostabilization of ecdysone molecule.
A New Structural Health Monitoring System for Composite Plate
Authors: Zhao Nai Zhi , Yan Shi
Published: January 2011

Damage detection in composite materials can be divided into active and passive approaches. The active approach is usually based on various non-destructive techniques utilizing actuators and/or receivers. Simple laser scans, revealing the change in Lamb wave response amplitudes, have been used to locate delamination and estimate its severity in a composite plate. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental studies in which input signals exerted at piezoelectric (PZT) patches on a composite plate are successfully reconstructed by using the time reversal method. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a reference-free damage diagnosis technique based on the time reversal process so that defects can be identified without relying on any past baseline data.
A New Way of Biological Treatment of Oil Residue - A Case of the Mushroom Cultivation
Authors: Wang Xi Qin , Huang Zheng Wen , Yu Bo , Zhang Jian Qiang
Published: January 2011

As an industrial organic solid waste, oil residue, with wide sources and low price, but could not find an effective way to use currently. In addition, with the development of mushroom industry and rising price of traditional raw-materials, it is very necessary to find the substitute raw material to reduce production cost of mushroom cultivation. This study attempts to produce the strains of Flammulina velutipes by taking use of oil residue to replace part of the traditional raw material, there are two groups in the experiment: the test group is adding 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40% of the oil residue to replace the culture medium of cottonseed hull and wheat bran; the control group is the traditional culture medium, then comparatively observed the growth of the mycelium. The results showed that it can promote the growth of the mycelium and shorten the cycle of seed production to add the oil residue in the test. But the growth rate of mycelium will be hindered when the concentration exceeds a certain range.The optimal culture medium to add the oil residue is as follows: 15% of the oil residue, 64% cottonseed hull, 20% coarse wood chips, 0% wheat bran , 1% lime. Oil residue contains a lot of the nutritional components to benefit the growth of edible fungi, and without the heavy metal pollution, can replace the culture medium of cottonseed hull and wheat bran and other traditional materials, reduce cost of production the strains, a fair-sized economic efficiency can be received, the environment can be protected.
Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide at Different Concentrations on the Photosynthesis of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. Et Zucc. Seedlings
Authors: Wei Xiao Xue , Li De Wen , Yu Jing Hua , Zu Yuan Gang
Published: January 2011

In the study, the gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll contents in the needles of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. exposed to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) were determined. The Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. seedlings were treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0 mM to 1 mM. The result showed that at different concentrations exogenous NO had different effects on the photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigments. The content of chlorophyll was maximal in the treatment with SNP at 0.01 mM. At low concentrations (0.1 mM) SNP significantly increased the photosynthetic rate (PN) and decreased the Respiration rate (RD) and Compensation irradiance (IC) of the needles (p<0.05). The experiment proved that at low concentrations exogenous NO signals increased the photosynthesis of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. seedlings. The present results suggested that the lower concentrations SNP might decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote the growth of the Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.
Simultaneous Removal of Iron, Manganese and Ammonia from Groundwater in Single Biofilter Layer Using BAF
Authors: Fu Jin Xiang , Shang Jun , Zhao Yu Hua
Published: January 2011

Biological aerated filter (BAF) was employed to remove iron, manganese and ammonia from groundwater. The filter was in continuous operation under hydraulic loading of 3m3/m2.h. The influence of air-water ratio, the removal effects of iron, manganese and ammonia respective, and the oxidation of the three pollutants, the change of dissolved oxygen along the filter depth were investigated in this research. And the results was obtained, that the optimal air-water ratio was determined by 3, which made the dissolved oxygen concentration in the filter central be 4.75mg/l, and the removal of iron, manganese and ammonia be above 90%, 99% and 87%, respectively. The efficient removal of manganese occurred in the central and lower parts of the filter. More iron was oxidated at the upper 0.75m of the filter, and the oxidation velocity of manganese and ammonia would be limited, when the inlet iron concentration was higher. Nitrification process consumed more dissolved oxygen, which made dissolved oxygen concentration decrease along the filter depth from 0 to 1.25m. The demand of filtration depth is 1.6m, for simultaneous removal.
Scavenging of Nitrite and Inhibition of Nitrosamine Formation by Laoying Tea (Litsea coreana L.) Extracts
Authors: Ji Hong Fang , Zhang Hai Yan , Zhang Ling Wen , Yang Ming Duo , Zhang Yuan
Published: January 2011

50% (V/V) ethanol extract from laoying tea (Litsea coreana Level.) was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition using ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respectively. The activities of nitrite scavenging (NS) and nitrosamine formation inhibiting (NFI) of three different fractions have been investigated in vitro systems. In the above assays, all the fractions showed NS and NFI potentials to varying degrees. With regard to NS activity, fractions were effective in the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water fraction. EC50values for inhibiting ability on nitrosamine formation for ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fraction were 0.170, 0.554 and 0.725 mg/mL, respectively. Total flavonoids could be the major NS and NFI components and were in the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water fraction. Based on EC50values, laoying tea especially ethyl acetate-soluble fraction may have a preventive effect against carcinogenesis induced by nitrosamines.
Factors Influenced Continuous Dark Fermentative Hydrogen-Producing Reactor
Authors: Yue Ying , Zhang Lu Si , Ding Jie
Published: January 2011

Continuous dark fermentative hydrogen production technology is suitable for commercial application. This review summarized several main basic factors influencing the operation of the reactor, followed by some suggestions and outlooks. The factors included temperature, pH, HRT and COD were briefly introduced and discussed. This review demonstrated that the optimal value of a given factor under different conditions was great different. This indicates that reactor operation is affected by many factors and sensitive to environmental change. To make the technology more feasible into practice, deeply understanding about the characteristics and rules of the operation is necessary. Thus more researches in this respect are recommended.
On Ecotype Urban Heritage Tourism
Authors: Luo Jin Hua , Yuan Shu Qi
Published: January 2011

Based on an analysis of the status of urban heritage in urban ecosystem and its relationship with urban tourism development on the theory of ecological niche, this paper argues that urban heritage is a kind of nature-based human ecology, merging with natural ecology through the interaction of humans with nature, and urban heritage tourism is a kind of high-level cultural tourism, which is in essence the same with natural ecotourism while the existing problems such as non-ecological hotspots and ecological diseconomy in the urban heritage tourism are believed to take root in the narrowing and lowering of the heritage niche both in human ecology and in tourism exploitation and management. Thus the paper poses the concept of ecotype urban heritage tourism, introducing ecotourism into urban heritage tourism, and discusses the contents and requirements of ecotype urban tourism from three aspects--that is, urban space, development and management, contents and means--so as to construct a healthy urban ecosystem.
Inhibited Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Cypermethrin in High Copper Soils
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Cheng , Li Ping Ping
Published: January 2011

Pesticides and heavy metals pollution in soil environment has become a serious problem in many countries including China. Two different types of soils were used in this study to assess whether high soil Cu concentrations may affect the degradation of Pys. The degradation rate of CPM and -CHT decreased with the addition of Cu to soils, indicating that Cu inhibited the degradation of CPM in soils. The results will provide more information about the potential ecological risk of chemicals on surface and groundwaters.
Evaluation of Cold Resistance of Hosta Species in Harbin City
Authors: Han Xue , Han Bing , Liu Shen Kui
Published: January 2011

Hosta undulate, Hosta plantaginea and Hosta plantaginea ‘Rosea’ were introduced to Harbin to evaluate the cold resistance compared to Hosta ventricosa stearn which can survive during the winter in Harbin. The physiology characteristics of Hosta species were determined under ground conditions. Along with the temperature drop, the increase of relative conductivity and MDA content of Hosta undulate were lower than Hosta plantaginea and Hosta plantaginea ‘Rosea’. Whereas contents of soluble sugar and free praline of Hosta undulate were higher than these two Hosta species. In view of the minimum temperature of winter in Harbin, chilling tolerance were conducted at -35°C and -40°C for 3h, 6h and 9h. Hosta undulate shows outstanding cold resistance and recovery growth.
Effect of Fe2+ and Fe 3+ on the Growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Cyclotella sp.
Authors: Wang Qin , Xu Zong Xue , Jiang Xia , Gao Ji Xi
Published: January 2011

Ferrum is one of the important nutrient sources for algae in lakes. The changes of concentration in water body have great effect on the formation of dominant algae. Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Cyclotella were examined in M11 culture medium which included different Fe2+and Fe3+concentration. Growth curves of these three algae were fitted by logistic growth-model, respectively. The maximum biomass K, inflection t and growth rate µ of those algae were investigated. The effects of Fe2+and Fe3+on the growth of algae were investigated by using the Monod equation. The semi-saturation constants were calculated. The results showed that the maximum biomass of these three algae did not increase with the increasing of Fe2+and Fe3+concentration. Low concentration of Fe2+(200-500 mg/L) and high concentration of Fe3+(2000-5000 mg/L) were more suitable to the growth of three algae. The sequence of the maximum biomass was: Scenedesmus quadricauda>Microcystis aeruginosa>Cyclotella.
Detection of Anthracene in Real Water Samples with a Label-Free Amperometric Immunosenor
Authors: Zhang Yan , Dian Ping Ge , Zhuang Hui Sheng
Published: January 2011

A label-free amperometric immunosenor for determination of anthracene was developed. Prussian blue was electrodeposited on the glassy carbon electrode and then modified with nanometer-size gold film to protect Prussian blue layer and immobilized anthracene polyclonal antibodies. The characteristics of the modified electrode at different stages of modification were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The performances of the amperometric immunosensor were studied in detail. At the optimal experimental condition, the current response of the immunosensor was proportional to the concentration of anthracene in the range of 1.8~90 ng•mL-1with a detection limit of 0.82 ng•mL-1(S/N=3). The studied immunosensor exhibited low detection limit, long-term stability and easy regenerated. This mothod was applied to the anthracene detection in river water samples with satisfied results.
Nutritive Value and Functional Properties of Corn Germ Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Zhang Ming Di , Pang Yong , Xu Zhi Jun
Published: January 2011

The nutritional value and functional properties of corn germ protein hydrolysates was investigated. The amino acid profile of hydrolysates showed that there was an increase in the content of essential amino acids, His, Arg, Ile, Val and a decrease in Lys, Phe, Met when compared with the starting material. The low degree of hydrolysis (5.9%, 10.4%) improved the solubility at acid pH, WHC, OHC of corn germ protein isolates, but samples of high degree of hydrolysis (14.1%) was not significantly increased in WHC and OHC.
Electrochemical Degradation of Phenol Using the Oxygen Diffusion Cathode in an Undivided Cell
Authors: Wang Hui , Bian Zhao Yong , Lu Guang , Wei Xiang Jia , Yu Xiu Juan , Sun De Zhi
Published: January 2011

Electrochemical degradation of phenol was studied in an undivided cell with a Ti/IrO2/RuO2 anode and a carbon/polytetrafluoroethylene (C/PTFE) O2-fed cathode which produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the electro-reduction of dissolved oxygen. The effect of current density, supporting electrolyte concentration and initial pH on the removal efficiency of phenol were investigated systematically. Results indicated that the optimal removal efficiency of phenol was achieved under the conditions of current density of 39 mA/cm2 and supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.02 mol/L. The phenol removal efficiency in the neutral condition was higher than that of acidic and basic conditions. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal achieved 71.6% and 63.6% for 100 min’s electrolysis, respectively. Benzoquinone, maleic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid and formic acid were identified as intermediates by HPLC. A general phenol degradation pathway involving all these intermediates was proposed.
Visible-Light-Driven TiO2 Catalysts Doped with Two Different Nonmetal Species by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Chen Guang Sheng , Guo Si Yao , Zhang Feng , Han Song
Published: January 2011

The doping TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal method with two different nonmetal, that is N-doped, and N, S codoped. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to the test result, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped titania give a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide. It was evidenced that the incorporation N in the anatase titania lattice in the form of O–Ti–N linkages. However, we compared with N-doped and N, S codoped it was no reservation to conclude that N, S codoped titania exhibit the further enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Study on Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ion-Uranium by Citrobacter freudii
Authors: Yang Jing , Du Ji Yong , Xie Shui Bo , Du Kun , Song Ji Na , Lv Zhi Wei
Published: January 2011

Biosorption has been developed as an effective and economic method to treat wastewater containing low concentrations of metal pollutants. In this study, a bacterium, Citrobacter freudii, was used as a biosorbent to adsorb uraniumions. The factors which influence the adsorption of uranium by Citrobacter freudii were investigated, including pH, the strain dosage and the initial concentrate of uranium. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency increased with the increased of pH in the beginning of the adsorption and reached its maximum at pH 6; when the strain dosage and the initial concentrate of uranium were 6.0g/L and 20mg/L, respectively, the adsorption efficiency reached 93.89% and 94.68%, respectively. The authors investigated the active sites of bacteria for biosorption and the results proved that carboxyl in the cell wall played an important role in biosorption.
The Effect of Gypsum on High Saline Soil’s Infiltration Capability and Soil Improvement
Authors: Su Dong Yang , Fan Gui Sheng
Published: January 2011

Soil water infiltration is an important link of the natural water cycle. Infiltration is the inherent properties of soils. It determines the speed and distribution of the irrigation water converted to soil water. Then affected the irrigation’s quality and effect. Especially for high saline soil infiltration of improvement has profound significance. Gypsum improving is a chemical measures to improve high saline soils and has a remarkable effect on soil water infiltration. It can improve saline land with the help of other measures.
Research on CBR+PFB to Treat Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Sun Li , Zhu Jing Ping
Published: January 2011

The combined process which consisted of a four-stage contact baffled reactor followed by a five-stage plant filter bed was used to treat domestic wastewater. The start-up of the four-stage contact baffled reactor was investigated, and the efficiency of the combined technology treating domestic wastewater was studied. The results indicated that the four-stage contact baffled reactor which inoculated with anaerobic sludge could be started up in 52 d, and the proper hydraulic residence time was 24 h; when the four-stage contact baffled reactor was running stably, its average CODCr removal efficiency was 57.0%, and in the four-stage contact baffled reactor, the average CODCr removal efficiency of each stage was decreased gradually, which were 45.8%, 11.1%, 6.8% and 3.3%, respectively; when the influent CODCr was 276-370 mg/L, the effluent CODCr of the combined technology was 73.0-90.7 mg/L and the average CODCr removal efficiency of the combined technology was 75.0%.
Synthesis of Amino Methylene Phosphonic Acid Resin-Supported Hydrated Cerium Oxide Hybrid Sorbent and its Application in Drinking Water
Authors: Zhu Jun Feng , Zhang Guang Hua , Miao Zhuo , Yang Shan Shan , Zhou Bo
Published: January 2011

The hydrated cerium oxide (CeH) was synthesized and it was loaded on amino methylene phosphonic acid resin (APAR) to form the hybrid adsorbent CeH-APAR. The structure and thermal properties of CeH-APAR were tested by FTIR and TGA. And then, it was investigated that pH values and temperatures affected the adsorption property of CeH and CeH-APAR for fluoride ion. The results showed that CeH-APAR hybrid sorbent formed by Ce4+ and APAR with coordination bond is relatively stable below 270°C. Its adsorption property is similar to that of CeH, i.e. it is less affected by pH value, so it can be used in a wide pH range. Besides, under a stable pH, adsorption capacity of CeH-APAR also increases along with increasing temperature. As a result, it is a temperature-controlled sorbent and belongs to chemical adsorption.
Preliminary Study on Culture of SRB and its Application in Treatment of Wastewater Containing Polyacrylimade
Authors: Ren Guang Meng , Yang Xiu Min , Yin Li Na , Luo Ke Jie , Pan Yu , Shi Xian Kui
Published: January 2011

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was concentrated cultured and used to treat wastewater containing polyacrylimade. Viscosity loss was selected to indicate degradation of polyacrylimade. The experimental results show that SRB can be obtained from oil refinery wastewater. Suitable pH value, inoculation amount and polymer concentration for SRB were 7, 1% and 250mg/L to 400mg/L, respectively. The results also show that treatment of wastewater containing polymer by SRB is a perspective method.
Study on Thermal Aging Properties of Engineering Smoked Bamboo by TD-GC-MS
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Xue Qiu , Wu Feng Juan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zhong Feng
Published: January 2011

In order to evaluate its thermal aging properties, the volatile organic compounds of engineering smoked bamboo were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. The result were: (1) The main constituents of volatiles at 160°С were acetic acid(42.20%), benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro- (7.32%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)-(5.72%), etc. (2) The main constituents of volatiles at 180°С were acetic acid(41.69%), benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro- (7.32%), 3(5)-[[1,2-dihydroxy-3-propoxy]met hyl]-4-hydroxy- 1h-pyrazole-5(3)-ca rboxamide (6.75%), 1-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde, 7-ethenyl- 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a- dodecahydro- 1,4a,7 - trimethyl- (3.46%),etc. So the engineering smoked bamboo was safe under 160-180°С.
Study on Treatment of Sewage from Channel Discharge with Biological Accelerator-Biofilm Process
Authors: Guo Gai Mei , Qin Hui Fen
Published: January 2011

This paper studied treatment of sewage from channel discharge with biological accelerator-biofilm process, and investigated the promoting effect of biological accelerator on biofilm process during the sewage treatment process. Meanwhile, compared the difference between the laboratory developed compounded enzyme and the foreign composite enzyme. The research results indicated that using biofilm process, the composite enzyme-biofilm process and the compounded enzyme-biofilm process for treating sewage, the removal rate of CODcr was separately 70.5%, 78.4% and 74.0% and that of ammonia nitrogen was separately 38.2%, 48.6% and 45.9%, which accounted for that under the strengthening action of biological accelerator, the treatment effect was remarkable for using biofilm process disposing channel disordered discharge sewage. Furthermore, the promoting effect of the compounded enzyme was equivalent to that of the composite enzyme for biofilm process, and the compounded enzyme could come into use instead of the composite enzyme.
The Influence of Co-Existing Ions on Adsorbs in the Aqueous Phase Pb2+ by Mycobacterium phlei
Authors: Zhou Dong Qin , Dai Shu Juan , Wei De Zhou , Yang Shu Yong
Published: January 2011

The biological adsorption law removes the heavy metal ion, many factor influences, among, in the solution the inherent alkaline metal positive ion existence is affects the microorganism adsorption the important attribute. This article take Mycobacterium phlei as the absorbent, inspected the different pH value, the coexistence ion amount used as well as in tri-, four-, five-, six-coexistent ion systems, to absorbed water solution in Pb2+ ion influence. Through around the determination Mycobacterium phlei Contact angle and the adsorption the biological surface zeta - the potential shift, indicated the Mycobacterium phlei to the Pb2+ adsorption process in, the electrostatic attraction occupies the leadership, but in the multi-dimensional coexistence adsorption system, has the competition adsorption and the ionic.
Water Utilization of the Marine Resource-Based Chemical Industry: An Example of the Hai Hua Industrial Ecosystem (HHIE), China
Authors: Liu Chang Hao , Zhang Jia Ming , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2011

Industrial Ecology (IE) is a creative way to achieve sustainable development. Marine resource-based chemical industry is the chemical industry which utilizes marine as its main raw materials. It is usually the dominate industry in coastal regions. Water flow is an important material flow for marine resource-based chemical industry. This article describes an example of the water utilization of the Hai Hua industrial ecosystem (HHIE). HHIE is an important marine resource-based chemical industry base in China. There are three kinds of water in HHIE: underground brine, seawater and freshwater. The three-fold of water utilization in HHIE is described. The basic approaches and the limiting factors of water utilization in HHIE are analyzed. It can provide some experiences for water utilization of other marine resource-based chemical industries.
The Research of Light Pulses on the Inactivation of Escherichia Coli
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Hong Ye , Meng Lin , Sun Yong Feng
Published: January 2011

In this paper, E. coli as experimental subjects ，by changing the input voltage, bacterial concentration, turbidity and pH to study the impact that the use intense white light on the inactivation of E. coli in medium surface. The results showed that: light pulses had a strong effect on lethal E. coli, with the input voltage increasing, the inactivation rate increased. The input voltage is 2500v as an appropriate experimental condition, that satisfy both conservation of energy and a better inactivation .The inactivation rate and the logarithm of livability of E. coli rising with the bacterial concentration increasing, when the light flashes six times, the medium surface almost be killed. Turbidity affect to the inactivation of E. coli, with the turbidity increasing, the effect of the inactivation gradually weakened. When ph was changed, the impact of pulsed light on E. coli inactivation was less .The effect of inactivation achieve the best level when pH was 6.
Investigation of Environment Changes about a Certain Village in Northern Part of China
Authors: Wu Lan , Liu Chang Peng , Shi Yue , Sun Xiang Wen
Published: January 2011

With the development of society and economy, the issues of environment have becoming the focus of all around the world, especially in the developing countries. In China, on one hand, villagers' income was rising. On the other hand, the environment was running down gradually: In 2009, pesticides were used by 89% of farmers. Upon 300,000 tons of pesticides were used in the whole country annually. And 60~70% of pesticides were dissolved in waters and soils; 67% of daily rubbishes were discarded arbitrarily by villagers in country; 74% of farmers made use of plastic film, while only 13% of it was cleared completely; the decrease of forest areas that due to the denudation was almost 50% compared with the last 5 years; in villages, many resources were not effectively used. 64% of the villagers did not re-use waste consciously. It can be concluded that protection of the ecological environment in rural areas was urgent. As a sample writer took an investigation in a village.
Study on Mating System of Pinus koraiensis in Natural Population Based on cpSSR Technology
Authors: Feng Fu Juan , Zhao Dan , Sui Xin , Sun Xiao Yan
Published: January 2011

Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) technique was firstly used to study mating system of natural Pinus koraiensis population. Nine pairs of primers with clear spectrum bands, high stability and polymorphism were selected from 70 pairs of cpSSR primers to analyze the mating systems of 28 individuals. 14 polymorphic loci were detected in the nine pairs of primers. The multi-locus (tm) and single-locus (ts) outcrossing rate were 0.966 (SD=0.000) and 0.939 (SD=0.000), respectively, which were slightly higher than those of other tree species. The constant index (F=-0.035) was below zero, indicating the occurrence of excessive heterozygote. Moreover, inbreeding index (tm-ts=0.027; SD=0.000) was close to zero, indicating an insignificant inbreeding. MLDT analysis showed that multi-locus outcrossing rate differed from single-locus outcrossing rate in mating systems of 28 individuals, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Reconstructing Lake History Changes from Zooplankton Subfossil in the Sediment of Wuliangsuhai Lake, China
Authors: Liu Zhen Ying , Li Ya Wei , Jin Zhao Hui , Wang Xiao Li
Published: January 2011

The sediment samples of zooplankton subfossil at different depths were collected from a large shallow lake Wuliangsuhai Lake, China, in order to reconstruct lake past changes. The lake began to switch to eutrophication gradually in the middle 1980s, creating a sediment discontinuity layer (about 32.5 cm depth) that can be visually used to separate sediments derived from plankton and macrophyte. Inferences about the timing and trajectory of eutrophication were made using sediment zooplankton subfossil reconstruction. The changes in composition of the zooplankton fragments were rather gradual up the core, whereas the total numbers of fragments show the most marked changes from 32.5 cm to present. Changes in the composition of zooplankton fragments (in 32.5 cm depth) show a gradual shift from a “pelagic community” dominated by B. longirostris, reflecting clearwater conditions with high predation pressure, to a more “benthic” community, dominated by plant associated Chydorids. The results suggest that it is possible to reconstruct past eutrophication trends of the lake by using zooplankton subfossil, and that anthropogenic pollutant loading is the key factor in the eutrophication of Lake Wuliangsuhai.
Research on Natural Attenuation of BTEX and Changes of Redox Environment in the Process
Authors: Su Yan , Zhao Yong Sheng , Zhou Rui , Wang Xiao , He Sheng
Published: January 2011

Natural attenuation of BTEX and characteristics of the water in the study are researched in this paper. The study not only obtain the attenuation rules of BTEX over time, but also the rules of the redox materials of the contaminated groundwater over time. From the study, we reach conclusion that the redox conditions is changed with the increasing pollution of BTEX and the oxidation condition changes into reducing condition. With the changing of the redox condition, there take place a variety of redox reactions. The materials of oxidation, such as O2, NO3-, Fe3+and SO42-, are transformed into reduction materials, such as NO2-, Fe2+, S2- and so on. In this process, the components of BTEX are degradated by micro-organisms which using the oxidation materials as electron acceptors.
Impact of Partial Backwashing to Ammonia Nitrogen Removal in Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Li Ping , Yan Li Long , Ma Fang
Published: January 2011

Biological Aerated Filter has the drawback of severe plug under low temperature, and frequent back-washing would cause the bad performance of ammonia removal. To solve these shortcomings, partial backwashing experiment was carried out to test its amelioration effect on Biological Aerated Filter. The result showed that performing backwashing at the 40 cm of filter had strong protective effect on nitrifying bacteria, the ammonia removal could be improved gradually with the highest removal rate of 71.71%. Partial backwashing affected less on ammonia removal and the removal efficiency could be restored to the previous level after the backwashing completed for 2.5 h.
Study on Random Analysis Method and its Application to Structures
Authors: Zhou Lin Cong , Zheng Yi Feng , Qiu Jian Hui
Published: January 2011

The evaluation of the reliability of structural systems is of extreme importance in structural design, mainly when the variables are random. A method is presented to efficiently assess the random response of stochastic structures. The article uses two-level sampling method to partial fiber element. First, the homogeneous random field of concrete and rebar can be created by modified Latin-hypercube sampling. Then section discretization method is adopted to assign fiber random variables of concrete section fiber. The algorithm is then used to analyze the random response of a concrete beam, and the result proves that the method is efficient.
The Study of Pulsed White Light to Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in Drinking Water
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Jiang Ming Ming , Ma Feng Ming , Lin Meng
Published: January 2011

The effects of pulsed white light, input voltage, biological load, pH and turbidity on inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water were studied. The results showed that the effect of pulsed white light on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water was very significant. The concentration of S. aureus reduced to 1.0×101cfu/ml as the pulsed white light flashed for 8 times when the input voltage was 3000v. The inactivation increased with the plus of input voltage, and decreased with the added of biological load. The inactivation kept all most the same when pH is 5.0~9.0, and the effect of turbidity was not obvious when the turbidity was 5~25.