bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Prepare to Believe”: The Creation Museum as Embodied Conversion Narrative
Authors: Lynch John
Published: December 2015

The Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky, offers a “spatial sermon” to convince visitors to reject the theory of evolution in favor of Young Earth Creationism, a literal reading of the biblical creation story. The museum combines strategies from the journalistic discussion of the debate with the form of a conversion narrative. The goal of this embodied conversion narrative is to convince visitors that the evidence for creationism and evolution is equivalent and insufficient for deciding the issue, and the only way to adjudicate the issue is to accept what the museum's creators believe to be the transparent wisdom of the Bible.
Purifying Islam in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: Corporatist Metaphors and the Rise of Religious Intolerance
Authors: McCoy Mary E.
Published: December 2015

Following a democratic uprising in 1998, the Muslim-majority nation of Indonesia embarked on a transition from four decades of authoritarian rule to become the world's third largest democracy. A recent surge in religious intolerance, however, has sparked concern over an apparent backlash against the political and religious pluralism of the new democratic era. As the world looks to this vast country of 237 million as a model for other Muslim nations now rebelling against their own dictatorships, it is important to understand this political turn marked by a growing incapacity to deal with otherness. This article examines public discourse surrounding accelerating attacks on religious minorities in Indonesia to provide insight into a similar rise in intolerance worldwide, and to address a pressing question for many rhetoric scholars: how does religion work to legitimate or eliminate violence?
“Enduring” Incivility: Sarah Palin and the Tucson Tragedy
Authors: Boser Beth L. , Lake Randall A.
Published: December 2015

In the immediate aftermath of the Tucson, Arizona, shootings in 2011, controversy erupted over the role, if any, that Tea Party rhetoric had played in inciting Jared Lee Loughner’s rampage. Especially controversial was Sarah Palin’s video, “America’s Enduring Strength,” which denied that this rhetoric was responsible and, in fact, celebrated it as quintessential free speech. This essay makes two related arguments. First, although context encourages audiences to expect political self-defense, Palin’s video is neither deliberative nor forensic but epideictic: a celebration of abstract values so severed from circumstances that Palin et al. become heroically, purely virtuous, while those who dare raise the question of responsibility that is central to deliberation (“who, or what, is to blame, and what, then, is to be done?”) become vicious. However, this move is obscured because Palin’s version of free speech simultaneously inhabits the prevailing, and limited, social and legal understanding of the First Amendment. Hence, we also argue that a consequentialist framework for free expression is less suited to revealing the video’s troubling rhetoric of free speech than is a constitutive framework, such as has been proffered by some scholars of hate speech. To the extent that the consequentialist framework dominates constitutional jurisprudence and public understanding, however, “America’s Enduring Strength” also manifests America’s enduring problem in coming to grips with Tucson and other mass shootings.
Gabrielle Giffords: A Study in Civil Courage
Authors: Goodnight G. Thomas
Published: December 2015

Gabrielle Giffords survived, recovered, and returned to public life after being badly wounded by an assassination attempt on January 8, 2011. During this extended ordeal, the Arizona representative mobilized lyric, dramatic, and oratorical resources into a singular, untimely rhetoric. I contend that she invoked the cultural resources of Polyhymnia—a classical figure reminding us of the ingenious, contingent resourcefulness among the symbolic arts—to recover her public agency in a time of deep incivility and public violence. In this essay, I find Giffords’s rhetoric, including her appearances, speeches, interviews, testimony, and editorials from 2011 through 2013, to comprise acts of civil courage.
Civility, Democracy, and National Politics
Authors: Stuckey Mary E. , O’Rourke Sean Patrick
Published: December 2015

This essay considers questions about civility raised in the discourse responding to the January 2011 shootings in Tucson, Arizona. Focusing on two sites of discord—the debate in the media and President Obama’s address at the memorial service for the victims—our analysis identifies two conceptions of civility and their corresponding assumptions about democracy and community, provides a critique of both conceptions, and offers a conceptual framework for rhetorical critics studying civility.
Parceria família-creche na transição do bebé para a creche
Authors: Coelho Vera Lúcia Marques , Barros Sílvia , Pessanha Manuela , Peixoto Carla , Cadima Joana , Pinto Ana Isabel
Published: December 2015

Este estudo apresenta atitudes e comportamentos de parceria família-creche, relatados por mães e educadoras, durante o período de entrada de bebés na creche. Mães e educadoras de 90 bebés responderam à Escala de Parceria Educadores-Pais (Ware, Rusher, Barfoot & Owen, 1995). Os resultados indicam uma grande valorização, por parte das mães e educadoras, da parceria família-creche para dar resposta às necessidadesdas crianças, bem como uma elevada probabilidade, relatada, de se envolverem em comportamentos de parceria. Os relatos das mães são relativamente mais positivos, quer no que se refere às atitudes, quer no que se refere aos comportamentos de parceria. Verificaram-se também associações positivas entre os relatos das mães e das educadoras. Encontraram-se ainda outras associações, no sentido esperado, com variáveis do ambiente familiar e de creche.
Relationships between diurnal adrenocortical activity, children’s attachment security and mothers’ attachment representations
Authors: Roque Lisa , Veríssimo Manuela , Oliveira Tania F. , Fernandes Marília , Rebelo Ana , Oliveira Rui F.
Published: December 2015

This study investigated the relationship between diurnal adrenocortical activity and attachment quality (children’s secure base behaviours and mothers’ attachment representations). Forty-two children ranging in age from 18 to 26 months of age and their mothers participated in this study. Children and mothers’ saliva samples were collected on two consecutive days (Saturday and Sunday), three times per day: awakening; 20m after awakening; bedtime. No significant relationships were found involving mothers’ attachment representations. However, significant negative correlations between children and mothers’ bedtime cortisol levels and children’s attachment security were found.Keywords: Diurnal cortisol; attachment security; children’s secure base; mothers’ representations.
.Txtual Forensics
Authors: Kirschenbaum Matthew
Published: December 2015

This appreciative essay explores David Greetham’s notions of “textual forensics” in light of new forms of textual analytics practiced upon born-digital materials. It argues that computers and computational environments ask us to rethink basic evidentiary categories, i.e. “internal” vs. “external,” as well as such concepts as normality, agency, and intentionality in relation to textual criticism. In the process—through a forensic examination of one specific piece of digital media—we also learn something about David’s own personal computing habits.
A Synthesis of the Heckscher-Ohlin and Oniki-Uzawa Trade Models with Heterogeneous Tastes, Different Technologies, and Endogenous Wealth
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the role of preferences and technological differences between two countries in determining dynamics of global wealth and pattern of trade in a reformed H-O model of international trade. The paper builds a trade model with endogenous wealth accumulation and labor and capital distribution between sectors and between countries under perfectly competitive markets and free trade. The model is based the H-O model, the Solow-Uzawa neoclassical growth model and the Oniki-Uzawa trade model. Each country has three sectors, producing one globally homogenous tradable capital good, specifying in producing one-tradable commodity, and supplying non-tradable goods and services. The study simulates the model for the economy to demonstrate existence of equilibrium points and motion of the dynamic system. It examines effects of changes in output elasticity of an industrial sector, population expansion, and propensities to consume the domestic commodity, to consume the other country’s commodity, to consume services, and to hold wealth.
6. Genetic Evaluation of Show Jumping Horses in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Schubertová Zuzana , Candrák Juraj , Rolinec Michal
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values (BVs) of show jumping horses in the Slovak Republic. The data from show jumping competitions performed in 2004-2013 (The Slovak Equestrian Federation) and data from the Breeding Information Register (The National Stud Farm in Topo’čianky) were used in our work. There were 831 horses (4-21 years old) included in the analysis. The level of competitions ranged from LS (125 cm) to TT (160 cm). Profit of penalty points (PP) and ranking in the competition (R) were analyzed as the measures describing horse performance. The average profit of PP was 5.90±6.28, and mean R was 20.20±16.88. The software package CFC 1.0 was used for computation of inbreeding coefficient (F) in given population. The ratio of inbred animals was 74.49% from 831 investigated animals. The average F value was 0.0068 within inbred population. Input data (profit of PP and R) were not normally distributed, therefore the transformation by Blom formula was made. The height of obstacles was taken into account. The ranking in competition has been nearest to the normal distribution even though the tests of normality have not confirmed it significantly. The heritability coefficient was 0.17 in PP and 0.10 in R. The BVs were estimated for PP and R (BVPP, BVR). The BVs for R were modified to the form of relative breeding values (RBVR). The increase of genetic level of R within population of show jumping horses has been observed in recent years.
8.Animal Species Identification through High Resolution Melting Real Time PCR (HRM) of the Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Klomtong Pitchayanipa , Phasuk Yupin , Duangjinda Monchai
Published: December 2015

Animal species identification has received growing attention, regarding genetic diversity and food traceability. The objective of this study is to apply a universal primer of part of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene analysis using the PCR-RFLP and HRM methods for identification of species origin in cattle, chicken, horse, sheep, pig, buffalo, and goat. PCR product size was 512 bp. The PCR product of 16S rRNA was digested with two restriction enzymes (BclI and MseI); sufficient to easily generate analyzable species-specific restriction profiles that could distinguish the unambiguity of all targeted species. The HRM method successfully identified all species by shape of melting temperature, and proved to be of higher resolution, and a more cost effective, alternative method compared with other identification techniques.
19. Improving the Prediction of Methane Production Determined by in Vitro Gas Production Technique for Ruminants
Authors: Chen Chung-Nan , Lee Tzu-Tai , Yu Bi
Published: December 2015

Twelve feedstuffs (cereals, fibrous byproducts, protein-rich byproducts and forages) were determined for methane (CH4) production by the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) and were correlated with their chemical compositions to predict enteric CH4 originating from these feedstuffs in ruminants. Corn, soybean hull, soybean meal and corn silage generated the highest CH4 production from their respective categories. The average CH4 production of fibrous byproducts (44.6 ml/g DM incubated) was significantly higher than that of cereals (40.3 ml/g DM incubated), forages (33.3 ml/g DM incubated) and protein-rich byproducts (31.0 ml/g DM incubated) after the 48-h incubation (P≤0.05). The highest average total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was determined in cereals (53.6 mM). The acetate to propionate ratio was significantly lower in cereals when compared with other categories of feedstuff (P≤0.05). The correlation analysis showed that in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) positively correlated with the CH4 production in all four categories of feedstuffs (P≤0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content positively correlated with CH4 production in every category of feedstuffs except cereals. The starch content negatively correlated with CH4 production for fibrous and protein-rich byproducts (P≤0.05), but it positively correlated with CH4 production for forages (P≤0.05). The CH4 production was predicted more accurately by the equations proposed for each category (R2=0.944, 0.876, 0.942 and 0.915 for cereals, fibrous and protein-rich byproducts and forages, respectively) than for the unclassified feedstuffs (R2=0.715). In conclusion, the contribution of individual chemical composition to CH4 production differed depending on the category of feedstuffs. The precision of CH4 prediction could be substantially improved by classifying feedstuffs into categories according to their chemical composition, and selecting the appropriate predictors for each category. Information about the CH4 output of these feedstuffs will be useful in formulating low CH4-producing diets for ruminants.
Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings
Authors: Jaquet Daniel , Walczak Bartłomiej
Published: December 2015

In numerous 15th and 16th century Fightbooks several sets of teachings appear alongside the glosses of Liechtenauer’s Epitome on armoured fighting and fighting on horseback (Harnischfechten and Rossfechten) often enough to be considered auctoritas on these subjects. However, their authorship from various witnesses are attributed to different authorial figures - Andreas Liegnitzer, Martin Hundsfeld, Jud Lew.

From 1452 until 1570, a number of diverse teachings are ascribed to them or faithfully reproduced without attribution: the most widely copied include the entitled Shortened sword for armoured hand and Shortened sword from the four guards, sword and buckler, dagger, wrestling and fighting on horseback. By a comparative analysis of existing witnesses, and by establishing the filiation tree of the related sources, we attempt to determine their original authorship. The analysis also yields additional conclusions regarding the influence of these authorial figures on other texts, proposes the filiation tree of the examined witnesses and presents the attempted study as a model for further research.
Competitive Pressure and Corporate Crime
Authors: Baumann Florian , Friehe Tim
Published: December 2015

This paper explores the relationship between the intensity of product market competition and firms’ incentives to resort to illegal means to lower their production costs. To this end, our framework combines a crime model à la Becker with a Salop circle. When law enforcement includes a fixed fine for illegal conduct, more intense competition due to a higher number of firms in the industry reduces the prevalence of crime, whereas more intense competition due to better substitutability between products may increase or decrease crime. In contrast, when the fine for corporate crime is proportional to profits, more intense competition unambiguously increases the prevalence of crime. In addition, we discuss the implications of the link between product market competition and corporate crime decisions for market entry and optimal law enforcement and elaborate on the relationship between law enforcement and a firm’s ability to commit to refraining from the use of illegal practices.
A Model of Access in the Absence of Markets
Authors: Holzer Jorge , McConnell Kenneth
Published: December 2015

Economists have long known that properly designed markets allocate resources efficiently. However, in many circumstances markets are unfeasible. In this paper, we construct a general model of access which allows us to value different assignments when resources are allocated in the absence of markets. We demonstrate that marginal value schedules are far less useful in allocating access when property rights are unattainable. The criteria for optimal allocation combine information on both the marginal value schedules and the assignments determining the probabilities of access to the resource. Our approach allows us to rank rationing policies in a wide range of real-world, second-best settings.
Possibilities for removal of chlorinated dye Mordant Blue 9 from model waste water‡
Authors: Šimek Miroslav , Mikulášek Petr , Kalenda Petr , Weidlich Tomáš
Published: December 2015

This comparative study focused on the different methods used for the treatment of model waste water polluted with the chlorinated acid dye Mordant Blue 9. Low-cost and commercially available ionic liquids – benzalkonium chloride and Aliquat 336 – were applied as liquid ion-exchangers to precipitate the Mordant Blue 9 by way of ion pair formation between the bulky ammonium cations of ionic liquids and anions of the above dye. The decolorisation efficiency of the ionic liquid application and the effect on reduction of the absorbance, adsorbable organic halogens, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand were compared with the conventional coagulation, sorption and Fenton oxidation techniques.
The Finite Basis Problem for Kiselman Monoids
Authors: Ashikhmin D. N. , Volkov M. V. , Zhang Wen Ting
Published: December 2015

In an earlier paper, the second-named author has described the identities holding in the so-called Catalan monoids. Here we extend this description to a certain family of Hecke-Kiselman monoids including the Kiselman monoids K
Retracts of Ultrahomogeneous Structures in the Context of Katetov Functors
Authors: Mašulovic Dragan
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we characterize retracts of a wide class of Fraïssé limits using the tools developed in a recent paper by W. Kubis and the present author, which we refer to as Katetov functors. This approach enables us to conclude that in many cases, a structure is a retract of a Fraïssé limit if and only if it is algebraically closed in the surrounding category.
The vertebrates from the Lower Ladinian (Middle Triassic)bonebed of Lamerden (Germany) as palaeoenvironmentindicators in the Germanic Basin
Authors: Diedrich Cajus G.
Published: December 2015

A marine/limnic vertebrate fauna is describedfrom the enodis/posseckeri Bonebed mixed in a bivalveshell-rich bioclastic carbonate rudstone at the easterncoastal margin of the Rhenish Massif mainland at Lamerden(Germany) within the western Germanic Basin (CentralEurope). The condensation layer is of Fassanian (Ladinian,Middle Triassic) in age. The vertebrate biodiversityincludes five different shark, and several actinopterygianfish species represented by teeth and scales. Abundantisolated bones from a small- and a large-sized pachypleurosaurNeusticosaurus species, which can be composedas incomplete skeletons, originate from dense populationsof different individual age stages. Important faciesindicator reptiles are from the thalattosaur Blezingeriaichthyospondyla which postcranial skeleton is reconstructedhypothetically using additional postcranialbones from similar aged various German localities. Thevertebrate biodiversity of the enodis/posseckeri bonebedof Lamerden reflect a limnic/fluvial freshwater influencedfauna (amphibians/terrestrial and marine reptiles) withdominance of normal saline marine influences. Macroalgaemeadow adapted placodont reptiles are absent inLamerden, as well as open marine-adapted ichthyosaurs,supporting a lagoon with fresh water influence position atthe Rhenish Massif mainland coast. In those contemporanousbrackish lagoons, which seem to be isochronousto northern Tethys lagoons of the Kalschieferzone at theMonte San Giorgio (Switzerland/Italy), small pachypleurosaurswere abundant prey in both regions for reptilepredators, especially large paraxial swimming alligatorhabitus-like Paranothosaurus, which even contain stomachcontents of pachypleurosaurs.
Semi-automated recognition of planation surfacesand other flat landforms: a case study from theAggtelek Karst, Hungary
Authors: Veselský Michal , Bandura Peter , Burian Libor , Harciníková Tatiana , Bella Pavel
Published: December 2015

This study deals with the possibilities of expertdrivensemi-automated recognition of planation surfacesand other flat landforms in the area of the Aggtelek Karst,Hungary. Planation surfaces are the most debatable andvague landforms and can be defined as parts of terrainformed by long-lasting erosion-denudation processes underthe stagnant erosion base conditions. In terms of denudationchronology they can be considered as morphologicalindicators of different evolution stages of area. Inkarst areas planation surfaces and river terraces are mostlycorrelated with cave levels, which originated in relation tothe same stagnant erosion base. Because there is no generalmethod of delineation of planation surfaces, the mainobjective of the study was to find a suitable method forsemi-automated recognition of flat landforms in the AggtelekKarst, which should correspond to different phasesof the Jósva River incision and therefore could be correlatedto the multilevel cave system of the study area.Several methods for semi-automated landform classificationwere tested for recognition of flat surfaces in a relativelyobjective way. Slope gradient thresholding tool, andr.param.scale and r.geomorphon modules implemented inGRASS GIS were tested. As a result, the r.geomorphonmodule was proven as the most suitable method for delineationof relatively flat surfaces. Findings of the presentedwork can be used as a morphological indicator ofthe comprehensive reconstruction of evolution of the AggtelekKarst and the Slovak Karst.
Lexsyg smart — a luminescence detection system for dosimetry, material research and dating application
Authors: Richter Daniel , Richter Andreas , Dornich Kay
Published: December 2015

Following the luminescence system lexsyg research, which was designed for research, the luminescence reader lexsyg smart for the application of luminescence detection was developed by Freiberg Instruments. It is suited for routine measurements of luminescence (thermoluminescence, photoluminescence, photon-stimulated, optically stimulated and infrared stimulated luminescence) for a wide range of materials because of the availability of several stimulation sources. The possibility for user definition and change of most parameters provides a great deal of flexibility and also allows re-search applications. While detection is limited to a single unit and sample storage to 40 positions, the lexsyg smart is much faster in aliquot transportation compared to the lexsyg research, and allows fast mass measurements in luminescence dating, retrospective and personal dosimetry, etc. Cross talk of optical stimulation is absent and cross-irradiation is negligible from the single radioactive source (α, β or x-ray) because of a disconnected sample storage wheel from the measurement chamber, which has a small volume and therefore gas consumption is small. Thermoluminescence measure-ments and pre-heatings are possible with a versatile heater, which can be programmed for linear/non-linear heating at varying rates and durations for an almost unlimited number of steps. Optical excita-tion for up to three wavelength bands (violet, blue, green, yellow, infrared) is provided from high power LEDs or laser diodes, with an optional filter wheel to vary detection wavelength bands accord-ing the material specific requirements. Either can be programmed to change at almost any time within measurement sequences.
Guidelines for Integrating Solar Energy in Sicily’s Buildings
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Meneguzzo Francesco , Albanese Lorenzo , Pagliaro Mario
Published: December 2015

Wise utilization of today’s new solar energy technologies provides buildings with new aesthetic value which is no longer in conflict with efficiency in solar energy conversion. We outline the criteria for incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST) technologies in the building design in Sicily’s built environment. Better education in solar energy and in solar architecture of architects and civil engineers, as well as better communication efforts of solar energy companies, will be instrumental to afford the long-awaited local and global boom in the adoption of building-integrated PVs.
Estimation of Physico-Chemical Properties and Structure Characteristics of New Alkylimidazolium Salicylate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Bing , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Xin-yuan , Wu Xuan-yu , Zhang Qing-Guo
Published: December 2015

Two new ionic liquids derived from natural product salicylate,
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium salicylate ([Emim][Sal]) and
1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium salicylate ([Emmim][Sal]), were
synthesized and characterized. The density, surface tension,
viscosity, and electrical conductivity of two ionic liquids were
determined from 288.15 to 343.15 K. The
physico−chemical properties of the ionic liquids were estimated from
the experimental data by empiric or semi-empiric methods, such as,
coefficients of thermal expansion, molecular volume, standard molar
entropy, lattice energy, enthalpy of vaporization, and so
on. According to the interstice model of ionic liquids, the interstice
parameters like coefficients of thermal expansion and interstice
volume etc. were estimated, too. The experimental results and Density
Functional Theory (DFT) calculation were employed to discuss the
structure characteristics caused by differences of cations/anions
for properties of two ionic liquids. And by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman
(VFT) equation, the temperature dependences of the ILs viscosities and
electric conductivities were graphically described. The structures,
the energetics and COSMO volumes of all investigated ions are obtained
by combining DFT calculations and the COSMO–RS methodology to
describe intermolecular interactions of ionic liquids.
“Sharp Practice”
Authors: Stalls Clay
Published: December 2015

The Centinela Land Company of Daniel Freeman and Francis Pliny Fisk Temple and other prominent Los Angeles businessmen demonstrates the practices and philosophy of land speculation that fueled the city's growth during the Gilded Age. Furthermore, the company's history also demonstrates the close ties between these businessmen and their shared, frequently byzantine, business ethos. The Centinela venture also yields unexpected insights into marital property holding and women's property rights in nineteenth-century Los Angeles.
Rechtsschutz und Rechtswirkung von Eröffnungsbeschlüssen der Kommission im EU-Beihilferecht
Authors: Weiß Wolfgang
Published: December 2015

Die Europäische Kommission leitet bei Schwierigkeiten in der beihilferechtlichen Prüfung durch Eröffnungsbeschluss das Hauptprüfverfahren nach Art. 108 Abs. 2 AEUV ein. Obwohl der Eröffnungsbeschluss nur ein Zwischenschritt ist, taugt er infolge seiner Rechtswirkungen als Gegenstand einer Nichtigkeitsklage. Der Eröffnungsbeschluss entfaltet auch eine Bindungswirkung für den nationalen Richter, alle erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Abwehr einer Verletzung des Durchführungsverbots zu treffen, deren genaue Reichweite trotz der Entscheidungen des EuGH nicht abschließend geklärt ist. Das EuG spricht neuerdings Eröffnungsbeschlüssen die Rechtwirkung ab, wenn die Beihilfe bereits vollständig durchgeführt ist. Gleichzeitig verschärft das EuG die Anforderungen an den Klagegegenstand durch eine Einschränkung des Handlungsbegriffes. Der Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit diesen neuen Vorgaben auseinander und nimmt sie zum Anlass, den Rechtsschutz gegen und die rechtlichen Wirkungen der Eröffnungsbeschlüsse im Beihilfeverfahren zu beleuchten.
Spielräume für die kartellrechtskonforme Ausgestaltung der Rabattpraxis marktbeherrschender Unternehmen
Authors: Haus Florian C.
Published: December 2015

Rabattsysteme marktbeherrschender Unternehmen beschäftigen die Kartellbehörden und -gerichte seit 40 Jahren. Die Linie insbesondere der Unionsgerichte ist dabei konsequent daran ausgerichtet, Marktabschottungseffekten solcher Rabattsysteme schon im Ansatz vorzubeugen. Die wiederkehrende Befassung der Gerichte ist zugleich Beleg dafür, dass die kommerzielle Praxis auf Rabatte nicht verzichten will. Dieser Beitrag skizziert Gestaltungsvorgaben, die das Risiko eines Verstoßes gegen das Missbrauchsverbot begrenzen, ohne zum Einsatz von Rabatten führende kommerzielle Bedürfnisse zu ignorieren.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN STRATEGIS AMIL ZAKAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA
Authors: Mukri Aji Ahmad
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Optimizing the Strategic Role of Zakat in the Perspective of Islamic Law and the Positive Law in Indonesia. Zakat is a part of the religious pillars that must be enforced. It is an important component that has a vertical and horizontal dimension of worship in order to maintain the benefit of human life. Zakat has a particularly significant role in maintaining the stability of the economy. Hence require good management, it is recommended in the Qur'an as Amilin. The Amilin is expected to mediate professionally and seriously to take care of, manage, collect, and distribute zakat. In this paper, zakat is expected to play an optimal role in order to empower the existing charity. So it can contribute to the welfare of mankind. Keywords: Optimizing, Strategic Role, The Amil of Zakat Abstrak: Optimalisasi Peran Strategis Amil Zakat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Indonesia. Zakat merupakan bagian dari pilar agama yang harus ditegakkan. Ia merupakan komponen penting yang memiliki dimensi ibadah vertikal dan horizontal guna menjaga kemaslahatan hidup manusia. Zakat memiliki peran yang signifikan terutama dalam menjaga kestabilan perekonomian. Karenanya diperlukan manajemen pengelolaan yang baik, yang dalam hal ini direkomendasikan Alquran dengan sebutan amilin. Pihak ini diharapkan mampu memediasi secara profesional dan serius untuk mengurus, memanage, mengumpulkan, dan mendistribusikan zakat. Dalam tulisan ini, amil zakat diharapkan berperan secara optimal guna memberdayakan zakat yang ada. Sehingga dapat memberikan sumbangsih kesejahteraan bagi umat manusia. Kata kunci: Optimalisasi, Peran Strategis, Amil ZakatDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1523
DAMPAK EKONOMI AKIBAT KEJAHATAN KORUPSI PASCA REGULASI OTONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Rohim Nur
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Economic Impact Due to Corruption Crime After the existence of Regulatory Autonomy. Regional autonomy is regarded by the government as an antidote to regional political turmoil. It has been promised as an antidote to the highly centralized political and financial structures that never applied before. However, this expectation even leads to a shift of the corruption that was originally located in the center turning to the area. Therefore, it adversely affects economic improvement and welfare of the area. In example, there is emergence of new modes, either by manipulating the production and illegal cutting of the opinion. Keywords: Economic Impact, Corruptions, Regulatory Autonomy Abstrak: Dampak Ekonomi Akibat Kejahatan Korupsi Pasca Regulasi Otonomi Daerah. Otonomi daerah dianggap oleh pemerintah sebagai obat penawar gejolak politik daerah. Kebijakan ini dijanjikan sebagai suatu kutub berlawanan terhadap sistem politik dan struktur keuangan terpusat yang pernah diterapkan sebelumnya. Akan tetapi harapan ini malah berujung kepada pergeseran korupsi yang semula berada di pusat beralih ke daerah, sehingga berdampak ekonomi bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat daerah. Seperti munculnya modus-modus baru, baik dengan memanipulasi pengeluaran daerah maupun memotong secara ilegal pendapat daerah.  Kata Kunci: Dampak Ekonomi, Korupsi, Otonomi DaerahDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1531
ASPEK PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP IKLAN PENGOBATAN ALTERNATIF DAN TRADISIONAL
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Aspects of Consumers Protection toward Alternative and Traditional Medical Advertisement. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is one of the main factors for economic growth of one country. Basically, IPR is an exclusive right given by a country to creators, inventors or designers for their inventions. On its development, IPR aims not only to give legal protection from the third party but also to earn money or economic benefits by several ways; IPR can be sold, licensed, and as a collateral to get loan from the banks. Those happen because of the inability to value the real assets of IPR with IPR valuation.   Key words: IPR, collateral, and Valuation Abstrak: Aspek Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Iklan Pengobatan Alternatif dan Tradisional. Hak Kekayaan Intelekatual (HKI) telah terbukti merupakan salah satu hal yang utama bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di suatu negara. Pada dasarnya HKI merupakan hak eksklusif yang diberikan negara kepada pencipta, penemu atau pendesain untuk hasil kreasi atau penemuannya. Seiring dengan perkembangan HKI di belahan dunia, HKI bukan lagi hanya bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum saja dari pihak ketiga, tetapi juga aset HKI dapat menghasilkan uang atau keuntungan ekonomi melalui beberapa cara yaitu HKI dapat dijual, dilisensikan, termasuk dapat digunakan sebagai jaminan (collateral) untuk mendapatkan pinjaman di bank. Hal itu terjadi, mengingat belum adanya pengalaman dan kemampuan dalam menilai berapa nilai aset riil HKI dengan cara valuasi (valuation) HKI.   Kata Kunci: HKI, Collateral (jaminan), dan ValuasiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1538
A Low-Literacy Asthma Action Plan to Improve Provider Asthma Counseling: A Randomized Study
Authors: Yin H. Shonna , Gupta Ruchi S. , Tomopoulos Suzy , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Egan Maureen , van Schaick Linda , Wolf Michael S. , Sanchez Dayana C. , Warren Christopher , Encalada Karen , Dreyer Benard P.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The use of written asthma action plans (WAAPs) has been associated with reduced asthma-related morbidity, but there are concerns about their complexity. We developed a health literacy–informed, pictogram- and photograph-based WAAP and examined whether providers who used it, with no training, would have better asthma counseling quality compared with those who used a standard plan.

METHODS:

Physicians at 2 academic centers randomized to use a low-literacy or standard action plan (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology) to counsel the hypothetical parent of child with moderate persistent asthma (regimen: Flovent 110 μg 2 puffs twice daily, Singulair 5 mg daily, Albuterol 2 puffs every 4 hours as needed). Two blinded raters independently reviewed counseling transcriptions. Primary outcome measures: medication instructions presented with times of day (eg, morning and night vs number of times per day) and inhaler color; spacer use recommended; need for everyday medications, even when sick, addressed; and explicit symptoms used.

RESULTS:

119 providers were randomly assigned (61 low literacy, 58 standard). Providers who used the low-literacy plan were more likely to use times of day (eg, Flovent morning and night, 96.7% vs 51.7%, P < .001; odds ratio [OR] = 27.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1–123.4), recommend spacer use (eg, Albuterol, 83.6% vs 43.1%, P < .001; OR = 6.7; 95% CI, 2.9–15.8), address need for daily medications when sick (93.4% vs 34.5%, P < .001; OR = 27.1; 95% CI, 8.6–85.4), use explicit symptoms (eg, “ribs show when breathing,” 54.1% vs 3.4%, P < .001; OR = 33.0; 95% CI, 7.4–147.5). Few mentioned inhaler color. Mean (SD) counseling time was similar (3.9 [2.5] vs 3.8 [2.6] minutes, P = .8).

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of a low-literacy WAAP improves the quality of asthma counseling by helping providers target key issues by using recommended clear communication principles.
Marie-Angélique et la bride sur le cou : une critique sociale et politique dans Une fille d’Ève de Balzac
Authors: Daniel Cersosimo Emilie M.
Published: December 2015

Este estudio se trata de un análisis sobre la contextualización histórica y social de la mujer en el siglo XIX en Francia, con el fin de comprender mejor el papel de Marie-Angélique en la sociedad que Balzac describe en su novela Una hija de Eva. Los hechos históricos, sociales y literarios repercuten en el rol de la mujer francesa de aquella época.
La enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras: historia, teoría y práctica
Authors: Cerdas Ramírez Gabriela , Ramírez Acosta Jimmy
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo describe y analiza varias teorías de aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras con el objetivo de guiar al lector a la puesta en práctica de estrategias que le permitan mejorar el proceso de enseñanza/ aprendizaje. En ocasiones, los problemas que se presentan en el proceso de aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras están relacionados justamente con la imposibilidad que enfrentan algunos profesionales de llevar los enunciados teóricos a la práctica en forma exitosa. Se realiza una investigación con el objetivo de determinar si un grupo de docentes de secundaria conoce y aplica estos principios de tal forma que les permita a los estudiantes enfrentar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de una manera satisfactoria.
Determination of Acrinathrin Residues in Honey and Beeswax
Authors: Szerletics Túri Mária , Szalai Mátray Enikő
Published: December 2015

The Asian bee mite (Varroa jacobsoni Oud.) causes variable damage in Hungarian apiaries due to the different and changing conditions. Plastic and wooden strips impregnated with synthetic pyrethroid-type active ingredients show a high efficacy against the mites. These treatments, however, may leave residues in bee products (honey, propolis, wax). After experimental treatment with Gabon PA 92, the levels of active ingredient (acrinathrin) residues were determined in honey and beeswax samples. The analytical results proved that the average concentration of acrinathrin residues was less than 0.01 mg/kg in honey and less than 0.10 mg/kg in beeswax. From the food-hygienic point of view it is favourable that the honey did not become ‘contaminated’ with acrinathrin during the experimental treatment. The analytical results serve as a basis for the registration of this veterinary product in Hungary.
Study on the Course of Cryptosporidium baileyi Infection in Chickens Treated with interleukin-1 or Indomethacin
Authors: Hornok S. , Széll Z. , Shibalova Tatjana A. , Varga I.
Published: December 2015

The effects exerted by human recombinant interleukin-1β (hrIL-1β) and the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin on the course of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens were studied. Daily oocyst shedding was monitored by a quantitative method throughout the experiment. Humoral immune response to C. baileyi was assessed by ELISA at 3 weeks of age while the level of cellular immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) by a skin test at 23 days of age. Parenteral application of hrIL-1b decreased oocyst shedding to 62%, but the infection ran a similar course in treated and control birds. The PHA-P skin test demonstrated increased cellular immune reaction in chickens receiving IL-1b, but there was no significant difference in the humoral responses of the two groups as detected by ELISA. On the other hand, indomethacin mixed to the feed lessened oocyst shedding to 13.7% and also shortened its duration. Immunological parameters as reflected by PHA-P skin test and ELISA results indicated enhanced cellular but unaltered humoral immune response. These data suggest that the sys- temic application of interleukin-1 can induce partial protection against C. baileyi in chickens and that prolonged, abundant oocyst shedding is due to an indometha- cin-sensitive immunodepression via the prostaglandin pathway.
Massive Goitre (Struma Parenchymatosa) in Geese
Authors: Ivanics Éva , Rudas P. , Sályi G. , Glávits R.
Published: December 2015

In a goose flock consisting of 2300 birds of 6 months of age severe goitre was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of naturally occurring goitre in geese, which is not related to the feeding of rapeseed meal. The major pathological findings included retarded growth and plumage development, significantly (300%) increased relative thyroid weight, fat accumulation in the mesenteric and abdominal region, and lipid infiltration of liver and kidney cells. Subsequent hormone analysis showed undetectable thyroxine (T4) levels and a dramatic drop in triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels of the diseased geese. Thy- roidal histology displayed the typical signs of struma parenchymatosa. In order to get more information about the possible causes of the goitre, 10 geese from the affected farm were transferred into the laboratories of the Central Veterinary Institute. The geese were allotted into two groups. Group I received iodine supplementation for 55 days, while the other group served as sick control (Group S). Iodine treatment caused a dramatic improvement in the birds clinical condition except in plumage growth in Group I, while the clinical and main pathological signs of goitre remained unchanged or worsened in the untreated Group S. Contrary to this, the serum levels of thyroid hormones and responsiveness to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) improved not only in Group I but also in Group S. Almost euthyroid biochemical parameters were found after 55 days of iodine treatment in Group I and, surprisingly, a considerable improvement (especially in serum T3 levels) occurred also in Group S. These findings confirm the diagnosis of goitre but also call attention to the fact that iodine deficiency was not the only factor eliciting the disorder. The underlying possible goitrogenic substance could not be traced down.
Screening of Hungarian Cattle Herds for Mycoplasma mycoides Subspecies Mycoides Small Colony Infection with Negative Results
Authors: Stipkovits L. , Dán Á , Varga Erika , De Santis Paula , Lelly Rosella , Kaszanyitzky Éva , Ferenczné Paluska Ildikó , Tenk M. , Tekes L. , Harrach B.
Published: December 2015

At abattoirs and farms, 1248 sera were collected from animals representing 121 farms, and examined by complement fixation test using Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) antigen. All sera were negative except seven from four farms, giving ++ reactions in the serum dilution of 1:10. On retesting, these sera and additional 30 sera collected repeatedly in both farms gave negative results. In isolation attempts, 953 lung samples collected from slaughtered cattle at the same abattoirs, and 326 nasal swabs collected from 11 herds proved to be negative for the presence of MmmSC, but M. bovis was isolated frequently. In the small farms 23.95% of the animals had pleurisy and/or pneumonia while in the large herds 34.69% had lesions. DNA extracted from 50 nasal swabs and 430 lung samples was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using M. mycoides cluster-specific primers. DNA from further 325 lung samples was tested by the more specific M. mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony/large colony/capri specific primers and 196 samples by nested PCR specific for MmmSC. All gave negative results. The detection level of cluster-specific primers and the more specific primers was 33.4 pg of DNA, whereas that of nested PCR was 0.33 pg.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus Infection in Six-Week-Old SPF Chickens
Authors: Drén Cs. N. , Kant A. , Van Roozelaar D. J. , Hartog L. , Noteborn М. H. M. , Koch G.
Published: December 2015

The pathogenesis of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CAV) infection was studied in 6-week-old and one-day-old SPF chickens inoculated intramuscularly with graded doses of Cux-1 strain (106−102 TCID50/chicken). Viraemia, virus shedding, development of virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies and CAV distribution in the thymus were studied by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunocytochemistry (IP) and in situ hybridization until postinfection day (PID) 28. In 6-week-old chickens infected with high doses of CAV, viraemia and VN antibodies could be detected 4 PID and onward without virus shedding or contact transmission to sentinel birds. However, virus shedding and contact transmission were demonstrated in one-day-old infected chickens. In the 6-weekold groups infected with lower doses, VN antibodies developed by PID 14, transient viraemia and virus shedding were detected. The thymus cortex of all 1-dayold inoculated chickens stained with VP3-specific mAb. Cells with positive in situ hybridization signal were fewer and scattered throughout the thymus tissue of the one-day-old inoculated chickens as compared to IP-positive cells. These results suggest that early immune response induced by high doses of CAV in 6-week-old chickens curtails viral replication and prevents virus shedding.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis in cattle: A review
Authors: Bodó S. , Baranyai B. , Gócza Elen , Dohy J. , Markkula Merja
Published: December 2015

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is reviewed and novel fields where it may be applied are investigated. Technical advances of PGD in cattle embryos have already enabled its integration as a part of the MOET (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer) breeding system. PGD for well-defined selection targets can enhance cattle breeding and embryo trade. It allows embryo selection according to their sex, and it may be used to breed special cow lines, or top bulls, by selecting embryos for valuable production traits using Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). A good allelic profile and/or the insertion of a transgene can be detected by PGD. This review article presents the technical requirements for PGD, and shows that this biotechnological method has great economic potential.
The surgical technique and the age of the horse both influence the outcome of mosaicplasty in a cadaver equine stifle model
Authors: Bodó G. , Kaposi A. D. , Hangody L. , Tóth J. , Bakos Z. , Lukács Z. , Péntek G.
Published: December 2015

Six pieces of grafts, 6.5 mm in diameter, 20 mm in length, were taken from each of 170 cadaver hindlimbs, using the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea for harvesting. The age of the horses varied between 4 months and 23 years. 30 limbs under the age of 12 years were selected for transplantation. Three of six grafts were transplanted into the medial femoral condyle using different combinations of tunnel depth and dilation. With ageing, a significant decline in transplantability was detected. In general, mosaicplasty cannot be recommended in horses above 11 years. Based on a previous clinical case (Bodo et al., 2000), a good surface alignment was indeed achieved with a combination of graft length drilling and dilation in most cases. However, the occasional entrapment of cartilage debris under the graft prevented perfect alignment in the present cadaver study in 27% of the grafts transplanted in this manner. Since the protrusion of grafts never exceeded 1.5 mm, we conclude that drilling 3–5 mm deeper than graft length with graft length deep dilation can avoid disadvantageous protrusion of the transplanted hyaline cartilage caps, achieving bone decompression at the same time.