bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Treatment Delay on Outcome in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial
Authors: van Donkelaar Carlina E. , Bakker Nicolaas A. , Birks Jacqueline , Clarke Alison , Sneade Mary , Kerr Richard S.C. , Veeger Nic J.G.M. , van Dijk J. Marc C. , Molyneux Andrew J.
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose—

ISAT (International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial) demonstrated that 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, coiling resulted in a significantly better clinical outcome than clipping. After 5 years, this difference did not reach statistical significance, but mortality was still higher in the clipping group. Here, we present additional analyses, reporting outcome after excluding pretreatment deaths.

Methods—

Outcome measures were death with or without dependency at 1 and 5 years after treatment, after exclusion of all pretreatment deaths. Treatment differences were assessed using relative risks (RRs). With sensitivity and exploratory analyses, the relation between treatment delay and outcome was analyzed.

Results—

After exclusion of pretreatment deaths, at 1-year follow-up coiling was favorable over clipping for death or dependency (RR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67–0.89]) but not for death alone (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.66–1.19]). After 5 years, no significant differences were observed, neither for death or dependency (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.77–1.02]) nor for death alone (RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.64–1.05]). Sensitivity analyses showed a similar picture. In good-grade patients, coiling remained favorable over clipping in the long-term. Time between randomization and treatment was significantly longer in the clipping arm (mean 1.7 versus 1.1 days;
P
<0.0001), during which 17 patients died because of rebleeding versus 6 pretreatment deaths in the endovascular arm (RR, 2.81 [95% CI, 1.11–7.11]).

Conclusions—

These additional analyses support the conclusion of ISAT that at 1-year follow-up after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage coiling has a better outcome than clipping. After 5 years, with pretreatment mortality excluded, the difference between coiling and clipping is not significant. The high number of pretreatment deaths in the clipping group highlights the importance of urgent aneurysm treatment to prevent early rebleeding.
After Moscow Conceptualism: Reflections on the Center and Periphery and Cultural Belatedness
Authors: Roberts John
Published: March 2020

Conceptual art is not only subject to a striking unevenness and a range of diverse forms across national territories during its emergence, but each national-cultural context in which it emerges is also exposed to the general belatedness of conceptual art’s relationship to its own avant-garde past. Each national-cultural formation was working with, and through, very different cultural and historical materials on the basis of very different kinds of awareness of the avant-garde past and the recent conceptual present. This article addresses this unevenness and belatedness by looking at the case of Moscow conceptualism in the 1970s and 1980s. In a period of post-Thaw and late Soviet ‘stagnation’, conceptual art takes the form in Russia of a generalised apophatic withdrawal from the ‘public sphere’, in which the absences, phlegmatic silences, and textual ambiguities of (some) conceptual art, assume a kind of heightened moral and poetic antipode to the (failed) rhetoric of Stalinist productivism. Yet, despite, its modernist reverence for indeterminancy, this work, nevertheless, retains an active ‘working’ relationship to the avant-garde (collective practice, the critique of the artistic monad). As such, this article examines the active and revenant links of Moscow Conceptualism to the memory of the avant-garde, based on Russian art’s contemporary sense of itself as a once major (revolutionary) centre of avant-garde production.
The Material Conditions of Representation
Authors: Genadry Daniele
Published: March 2020

Seethrough Mountain interrupts this journal through a physical shift in paper, texture and scale, and thereby proposes a pause or possible site of hesitation where the reader can consider the qualitative and material aspect of what they hold in their hands. The two works, a drawing and a constructed photograph, each creating the illusion of transparency, orient the reader’s attention to the material support of the images, and institute a shock, so that the reader might see through the representations to their material conditions. Seethrough Mountain draws attention to the nature of varying forms of information, and proposes that both sensual and intellectual awareness are necessary to perceive the real.
Enhancing direct citations: A comparison of relatedness measures for community detection in a large set of PubMed publications
Authors: Ahlgren Per , Chen Yunwei , Colliander Cristian , van Eck Nees Jan
Published: March 2020

The effects of enhancing direct citations, with respect to publication–publication relatedness measurement, by indirect citation relations (bibliographic coupling, cocitation, and extended direct citations) and text relations on clustering solution accuracy are analyzed. For comparison, we include each approach that is involved in the enhancement of direct citations. In total, we investigate the relative performance of seven approaches. To evaluate the approaches we use a methodology proposed by earlier research. However, the evaluation criterion used is based on MeSH, one of the most sophisticated publication-level classification schemes available. We also introduce an approach, based on interpolated accuracy values, by which overall relative clustering solution accuracy can be studied. The results show that the cocitation approach has the worst performance, and that the direct citations approach is outperformed by the other five investigated approaches. The extended direct citations approach has the best performance, followed by an approach in which direct citations are enhanced by the BM25 textual relatedness measure. An approach that combines direct citations with bibliographic coupling and cocitation performs slightly better than the bibliographic coupling approach, which in turn has a better performance than the BM25 approach.
Recommending research articles to consumers of online vaccination information
Authors: Harrison Eliza , Martin Paige , Surian Didi , Dunn Adam G.
Published: March 2020

Online health communications often provide biased interpretations of evidence and have unreliable links to the source research. We tested the feasibility of a tool for matching web pages to their source evidence. From 207,538 eligible vaccination-related PubMed articles, we evaluated several approaches using 3,573 unique links to web pages from Altmetric. We evaluated methods for ranking the source articles for vaccine-related research described on web pages, comparing simple baseline feature representation and dimensionality reduction approaches to those augmented with canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Performance measures included the median rank of the correct source article; the percentage of web pages for which the source article was correctly ranked first (recall@1); and the percentage ranked within the top 50 candidate articles (recall@50). While augmenting baseline methods using CCA generally improved results, no CCA-based approach outperformed a baseline method, which ranked the correct source article first for over one quarter of web pages and in the top 50 for more than half. Tools to help people identify evidence-based sources for the content they access on vaccination-related web pages are potentially feasible and may support the prevention of bias and misrepresentation of research in news and social media.
Gender differences in citation impact for 27 fields and six English-speaking countries 1996–2014
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: March 2020

Initiatives addressing the lack of women in many academic fields, and the general lack of senior women, need to be informed about the causes of any gender differences that may affect career progression, including citation impact. Previous research about gender differences in journal article citation impact has found the direction of any difference to vary by country and field, but has usually avoided discussions of the magnitude and wider significance of any differences and has not been systematic in terms of fields and/or time. This study investigates differences in citation impact between male and female first-authored research for 27 broad fields and six large English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA) from 1996 to 2014. The results show an overall female first author citation advantage, although in most broad fields it is reversed in all countries for some years. International differences include Medicine having a female first author citation advantage for all years in Australia, but a male citation advantage for most years in Canada. There was no general trend for the gender difference to increase or decrease over time. The average effect size is small, however, and unlikely to have a substantial influence on overall gender differences in researcher careers.
The relationship between journal citation impact and citation sentiment: A study of 32 million citances in PubMed Central
Authors: Yan Erjia , Chen Zheng , Li Kai
Published: March 2020

Citation sentiment plays an important role in citation analysis and scholarly communication research, but prior citation sentiment studies have used small data sets and relied largely on manual annotation. This paper uses a large data set of PubMed Central (PMC) full-text publications and analyzes citation sentiment in more than 32 million citances within PMC, revealing citation sentiment patterns at the journal and discipline levels. This paper finds a weak relationship between a journal’s citation impact (as measured by CiteScore) and the average sentiment score of citances to its publications. When journals are aggregated into quartiles based on citation impact, we find that journals in higher quartiles are cited more favorably than those in the lower quartiles. Further, social science journals are found to be cited with higher sentiment, followed by engineering and natural science and biomedical journals, respectively. This result may be attributed to disciplinary discourse patterns in which social science researchers tend to use more subjective terms to describe others’ work than do natural science or biomedical researchers.
Serto before Serto: Reexamining the Earliest Development of Syriac Script
Authors: Penn Michael , Crouser R. Jordan , Abbott Philip
Published: March 2020

Scholars have traditionally categorised early Syriac manuscripts as either Estrangela or Serto. The same categories dominate the prevailing narrative of how Syriac script is thought to have developed. Most see Estrangela as the earliest strata of Syriac and Serto as a later development. More recent scholarship explores how early manuscripts support neither this stark division between script styles nor a sequential development. Of particular challenge to this paradigm are a series of securely dated colophons and notes which use a script style different than the main part of the text. But previous work has looked at only five examples of this phenomenon. By expanding this investigation to 30 examples and drawing upon a recent compiled digital corpus of over 100,000 early Syriac letter forms, the present article explores how large data sets, digital analysis, and visual analytics can help one better understand the development of Aramaic scripts.
How Far Can a “Radical” Philosopher Go? Thomas Hobbes’s Paradox of Gender Relations, and One Possible Solution
Authors: Paganini Gianni
Published: March 2020

This article challenges the idea that Hobbes presents a negative anthropology and shows, to the contrary, that there is a thick web of social relations in his state of nature and laws of nature. It considers the contradiction between human natural equality claimed by Hobbes, and female subjection that de facto characterizes most of his passages on gender relations. The key to this puzzle is found in comparison of the notions of conquest and consent, and of acquisition and institution, comparisons that establish a similarity between paternal authority and despotic dominion. A step towards the solution is provided by the hypothesis that the divide between “vainglorious” and “moderate” is gendered, with women more disposed to moderation than men. This can be explained by the idea that, “for society’s sake,” women in the state of nature appreciate more the advantages of long-term cooperation, even at the price of some subordination.
By Force or Wiles: Women in the Hobbesian Hunt for Allies and Authority
Authors: Lloyd S.A.
Published: March 2020

The article investigates whether Hobbes’s political theory gives us reason to expect the systematic subordination of women. It argues that who dominates whom is a matter of victory in the quest to pull allies into ordered alliances. The primary means of gaining allies—force and wiles—depend on both skill-fitness and affective fitness. The analyses suggest that it is sex-linked and gender-linked differences in affective fitness—particularly in the intensity of men’s desire to use religious wiles—that most plausibly explain the subjection of women, both across the spectrum of states of nature and within civil societies. Although Hobbes’s political theory enables us to make sense of how it happened, there is nothing in that theory that either necessitates or should cause us to expect the systematic subordination of women.
Synopsis of Begonia (Begoniaceae) of southwest Sulawesi and the Selayar Islands, Indonesia, including one new species

Authors: THOMAS DANIEL C. , ARDI WISNU H.
Published: March 2020

The diversity of the Begonia flora of the southwestern arm of Sulawesi and the adjacent Selayar Islands, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia, is reassessed, and distribution maps, provisional IUCN conservation category assessments, and an identification key to 14 recognised species are provided. One new species from the Selayar Islands, Begonia enoplocampa, is described and a photo plate is presented. This species is the first record of Begonia section Jackia in South Sulawesi province. Newly available material allowed a reassessment of the morphological variability of several species that were originally described from very limited material. Resulting revised descriptions and photo plates of Begonia comestibilis, B. hooveriana, B. ozotothrix, B. prionota and B. siccacaudata are presented. Begonia hooveriana is lectotypified.
Lepisorus youxingii (Polypodiaceae), a new fern species from Guangxi, China

Authors: JIANG RI-HONG , WANG YA-RONG , ZHANG XIAN-CHUN
Published: March 2020

Lepisorus youxingii, a new fern of Polypodiaceae from southern China, is described and illustrated. Morphological comparison with L. thunbergianus, L. oligolepidus, and L. lewisii is provided. Both morphological and molecular evidences clearly indicate that L. youxingii is a distinct species. It differs in rhizome scales (brown, iridescent, transparent, lanceolate with broadly ovate base, margin denticulate, and apex long acuminate), laminae (lanceolate, widest at third from the base, base attenuate, decurrent, with margin narrowly callose, and apex long caudate), and paraphyses (brown, orbicular, with margin denticulate, and lumina transparent). This species is in protected area with more than 250 mature individuals and it can be classified as LC (Least Concern) according to IUCN criteria.
New findings on the Neotropical species Hermetia goncalvensi Albuquerque, 1955 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): redescription, puparium, and geographical records
Authors: FACHIN DIEGO AGUILAR , CARVALHO-FILHO FERNANDO DA SILVA
Published: March 2020

Hermetia goncalvensi Albuquerque, 1955 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Hermetiinae) has been known from only the male holotype collected in 1951 from the state of Bahia, Brazil, but currently lost or destroyed. No specimens have been reported over the last 60 years since its description. Here we bring together records of additional specimens of both sexes—one male and 28 females—from 13 localities in five Brazilian states, in addition to the type locality. A detailed redescription of the species is provided which includes the puparium, male and female terminalia, biological information, and a distribution map.
Assessing the Operationalization of Cultural Theory through Surveys Investigating the Social Aspects of Climate Change Policy Making
Authors: Cambardella Claire , Fath Brian D. , Werdenigg Andrea , Gulas Christian , Katzmair Harald
Published: March 2020

Cultural theory (CT) provides a framework for understanding how social dimensions shape cultural bias and social relations of individuals, including values, view of the natural world, policy preferences, and risk perceptions. The five resulting cultural solidarities are each associated with a “myth of nature”—a concept of nature that aligns with the worldview of each solidarity. When applied to the problem of climate protection policy making, the relationships and beliefs outlined by CT can shed light on how members of the different cultural solidarities perceive their relationship to climate change and associated risk. This can be used to deduce what climate change management policies may be preferred or opposed by each group. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of how CT has been used in surveys of the social aspects of climate change policy making, to assess the construct validity of these studies, and to identify ways for climate change protection policies to leverage the views of each of the cultural solidarities to develop clumsy solutions: policies that incorporate strengths from each of the cultural solidarities’ perspectives. Surveys that include measures of at least fatalism, hierarchism, individualism, and egalitarianism and their associated myths of nature as well as measures of climate change risk perceptions and policy preferences have the highest translation and predictive validity. These studies will be useful in helping environmental managers find clumsy solutions and develop resilient policy according to C.S. Holling’s adaptive cycle.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentrations Are Inversely Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Lambrinoudaki Irene , Stergiotis Stefanos , Chatzivasileiou Panagiota , Augoulea Areti , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Armeni Eleni , Rizos Dimitrios , Kaparos George , Alexandrou Andreas , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Kontogiannis Christos , Stamatelopoulos Kimon
Published: March 2020

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which is secreted by granulosa cells of late preantral and small antral follicles, is a marker of ovarian reserve. The association of ovarian reserve with subclinical atherosclerosis in women of reproductive age is currently unknown. We primary investigated whether AMH levels are associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, normally menstruating women. In this cross-sectional study, vascular structure and function were assessed by measurement of carotid and femoral intima–media thickness (IMT), flow-mediated dilation, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Lipid profile and serum AMH concentrations were also measured. Seventy premenopausal women, aged 32.7 ± 6.5 years, were included. Mean AMH levels were lower in smokers than in non-smokers and negatively associated with total cholesterol (TC) levels. An inverse association between mean AMH concentrations and femoral and carotid IMT in all segments was observed. No correlation with other markers of subclinical atherosclerosis or established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors was found. After multivariable adjustment, the association between AMH concentrations and combined carotid IMT or carotid bulb IMT remained significant. In conclusion, in healthy, normally ovulating women, AMH concentrations are negatively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis indices and TC levels, independently of established CV risk factors.
La drammaturgia sociale di sindacalisti socialisti
Authors: Romeo Ilaria , Colusso Tiziana
Published: March 2020

Nella migliore tradizione del socialismo italiano, che ha prodotto risultati rilevanti di espressione culturale, alcuni dirigenti sindacali legati al PSI hanno prodotto opere teatrali delle quali qui viene dato conto con alcuni esempi. Si commentano quattro significative opere: La zappa sui piedi. Scena campestre in un atto, di Argentina Altobelli, datata 1897 e solo recentemente rappresentata; La vispa Teresa, bozzetto poetico in un atto, di Pietro Chiesa, con prefazione del deputato socialista Andrea Costa; Come cadde un mito. Opera teatrale in 4 atti, dello storico e critico di orientamento socialista Carlo Vallauri; Sirena operaia, di Alberto Bellocchio, con prefazione di Vittorio Foa.
Influence of the lateral confinement on the transverse mechanical behavior of tows and quasi-unidirectional fabrics: Experimental and modeling investigations of dry through-thickness compaction
Authors: Hemmer Julie , Lectez Anne-Sophie , Verron Erwan , Lebrun Jean-Michel , Binetruy Christophe , Comas-Cardona Sébastien
Published: March 2020

Fibrous textiles are subjected to dry through-thickness compaction during most of the composites manufacturing processes. Usual tow models implemented in textile numerical simulations do not reproduce the tow widening occurring during the compaction. Nonetheless, this widening (that can reach 10%) would influence the internal microstructure of the considered fabric and its mechanical behavior. This paper proposes a simple mechanical approach to reproduce the width and thickness evolutions experimentally measured during through-thickness compaction of E-glass and carbon tows. Once the material parameters identified on laterally free tows, the tow cross-section model is employed to study the influence of the tow lateral confinement on the transverse mechanical behavior of its corresponding quasi-unidirectional fabric. It is observed that the lateral confinement depends on the quasi-unidirectional stitch tension. This confinement induces a densification of the tows leading to a stiffening of the quasi-unidirectional transverse behavior. This stiffening is well predicted by the proposed modeling approach.
Political Trust, Shocks, and Accountability: Quasi-experimental Evidence from a Rebel Attack
Authors: Gates Scott , Justesen Mogens K.
Published: March 2020

How does armed conflict affect accountability and political trust in democratic governments? To answer this question, we present quasi-experimental evidence based on survey data which, coincidentally, were collected in the days surrounding an unanticipated violent attack by a rebel group in Mali. The chance occurrence of the attack five days into the survey demarcates respondents into two groups surveyed before and after the attack and allows us to examine how the attack affected approval of politicians and trust in political institutions. Our results show that people mainly attribute responsibility to the president and not to parliament or local government, while trust in institutions is largely unaffected. We also show that these effects are strongest in the region of the attack. These findings suggest that voters in new democracies are capable of attributing responsibility to individual politicians and governments while maintaining trust in the fundamental political institutions of democracy.
Teacher Motivational Strategies for EFL Learners: For Better or Worse
Authors: Min Moon Hong , Chon Yuah V.
Published: March 2020

This study examines how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ motivational practice affects learners based on a motivational design for learning and performance, the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) model of motivation. There was also an examination of how learners’ perceptions of teachers’ motivational practices were contributing to learners’ L2 proficiency. A total of 242 high school EFL learners completed questionnaires on their teachers’ motivational practice, and 12 of the learners’ teachers completed complementary questionnaires to indicate their use of motivational tactics or strategies. One-to-one interviews with eight learners were additionally conducted. Results indicated that the learners were underutilizing the motivational strategies (MS) that their teachers claimed to use. On the other hand, teachers’ attention-getting strategies and confidence-building strategies were significant predictors of learners’ language proficiency. Interview data revealed that the learners’ underutilization of teachers’ motivational practices was due to problems in lack of MS variability, motive mismatching, and natural consequences. Although teacher’s use of MS is generally believed to enhance learners’ motivation, the findings provide empirical evidence on how MS need to be implemented to accommodate learners’ vocational aspirations, and support classroom climates that can promote communicative language teaching practices.
A generic method of wearable items virtual try-on
Authors: Hu Pengpeng , Nourbakhsh Nastaran , Tian Jing , Sturges Stephan , Dadarlat Vasile , Munteanu Adrian
Published: March 2020

Virtual try-on synthesizes garments for the target bodies in 2D/3D domains. Even though existing virtual try-on methods focus on redressing garments, the virtual try-on hair, shoes and wearable accessories are still under-reached. In this paper, we present the first general method for virtual try-ons that is fully automatic and suitable for many items including garments, hair, shoes, watches, necklaces, hats, and so on. Starting with the pre-defined wearable items on a reference human body model, an automatic method is proposed to deform the reference body mesh to fit a target body for obtaining dense triangle correspondences. Then, an improved fit metric is used to represent the interaction between wearable items and the body. For the next step, with the help of triangle correspondences and the fit metric, the wearable items can be fast and efficiently inferred by the shape and posture of the targeted body. Extensive experimental results show that, besides automation and efficiency, the proposed method can be easily extended to implement the dynamic try-on by applying rigging and importing motion capture data, being able to handle both tight and loose garments, and even multi-layer clothing.
Polycaprolactone/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene partially absorbable suture with improved mechanical performances for tendon and ligament repair
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Chaojing , Luan Jiayan , Guan Guoping , Lin Jing , Wang Fujun , Wang Lu
Published: March 2020

Orthopedic suture, as an implantable surgical device for skeletal and soft tissue connection, is vital in tendon or ligament injury repair. Resorbable therapy approaches exhibit excellent biocompatibility in the field of suture materials but lack a long-term fixation effect in orthopedic treatment. Herein, this study focused on a series of partially absorbable orthopedic sutures, which were composed of absorbable polycaprolactone (PCL) multifilament and non-absorbable ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) multifilament. Comprehensive in vitro mechanical evaluations were conducted to probe the relationship between material composition and mechanical properties of the sutures. The results showed that the partially absorbable sutures, especially P/U = 50/50 and P/U = 25/75, exhibited significant improvements in mechanical properties compared to single-material sutures. The tensile strength of P/U = 50/50 and P/U = 25/75 was 180.99 and 210.91 N, respectively, which was about two times higher than that of absorbable PCL suture P/U = 100/0 (62.42 N). Furthermore, their suture-to-suture friction force was 1.89 times and 2.51 times that of non-absorbable UHMWPE suture P/U = 0/100, respectively, which guaranteed good knot security. Compared with the clinically used orthopedic suture Ethibond (110 N), P/U = 50/50 and P/U = 25/75 also presented superior tensile properties. Notably, P/U = 50/50 and P/U = 25/75 had similar tensile curves to that of the native tendon/ligament, which might be beneficial to tissue healing. Moreover, the R2 of Eyring's model to simulate the creep curves of each suture was higher than 0.99, which indicated that Eyring's model could be used in predicting the long-term creep behavior of the sutures.
Modelization and identification of medical compression stocking: Part 2 – 3D interface pressure modelization
Authors: Chen Yu , Bruniaux Pascal , Sun Yufa , Hong Yan
Published: March 2020

The goal of this article is to propose a practical and scientific model to complete the state of the art in the techniques of determining the pressure exerted by the medical compression stocking on the limbs. The proposed 3D model is developed to explain the mechanics of materials and in particular the compression phenomenon by the medical compression stocking on complex surfaces. This research includes three main parts: The first part presents the research field and assesses the dependence of the constraint between the crushing stress and local geometry of the medical compression stocking bottom. Meanwhile, a pragmatic strategy is provided to simplify the model substantially, based on the assumption that the medical compression stocking structure is subject to small movements induced by muscular contractions. The second part focuses on solving the exact 3D model as a generalization of Laplace's laws by dividing the complicated model into several simple sub-models, making it easier to reveal the non-trivial relations connecting the crushing stress, the local radius of curvature of the bottom, the membrane forces and the material constituting the bottom. Considering the fact that the bottom has extremely low thickness, the third part further provides the asymptotic model to obtain the limiting behavior of the 3D model, which shows that the bottom resists essentially by its tangential rigidity. Meanwhile, the influences of the radii ratio of curvature on the crushing stress are discussed and highlighted. The simulation results are also verified by the finite element method, aiming to optimize the design of medical compression stockings and increase their therapeutic effect.
Reducing information asymmetry before marriage: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Jung Haeil , Sim Yeonwoo
Published: March 2020

This study examines whether information asymmetry during the matchmaking period affects women’s choice of spouse. The 2010 amendment of the Marriage Brokers Business Management Act requiring international marriage brokers in South Korea to provide more information about their South Korean male clients to prospective foreign brides in brokered marriages provided an opportunity to probe this question. Using the National Survey of Multicultural Families 2015, we employed the difference-in-differences method. Following the 2010 amendment, foreign women in brokered marriages were more likely to marry a more-educated Korean man and were less likely to work in low-skilled jobs after marriage.
Everyday Thoughts in Time: Experience Sampling Studies of Mental Time Travel
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Hofmann Wilhelm , Summerville Amy , Reiss Philip T. , Vohs Kathleen D.
Published: March 2020

Time is among the most important yet mysterious aspects of experience. We investigated everyday mental time travel, especially into the future. Two community samples, contacted at random points for 3 (Study 1; 6,686 reports) and 14 days (Study 2; 2,361 reports), reported on their most recent thought. Both studies found that thoughts about the present were frequent, thoughts about the future also were common, whereas thoughts about the past were rare. Thoughts about the present were on average highly happy and pleasant but low in meaningfulness. Pragmatic prospection (thoughts preparing for action) was evident in thoughts about planning and goals. Thoughts with no time aspect were lower in sociality and experiential richness. Thoughts about the past were relatively unpleasant and involuntary. Subjective experiences of thinking about past and future often were similar—while both differed from present focus, consistent with views that memory and prospection use similar mental structures.
Perceived Centrality in Social Networks Increases Women’s Expectations of Confronting Sexism
Authors: Brands Raina A. , Rattan Aneeta
Published: March 2020

This article integrates the study of intergroup relations and social network cognition, predicting that women who occupy central (vs. peripheral) advice network positions are more likely to confront a coworker’s gender-biased comment. Study 1 offers correlational evidence of the predicted link between perceived advice network centrality and confronting among employed women, uniquely in advice (but not communication) networks. Study 2 replicates and investigates two possible mechanisms—perceptions of the situation as public and perceived risk of confronting. Study 3 rules out order effects and tests an additional mechanism (expectations of the network members). Study 4 is an experiment that shows people expect central (vs. peripheral) women to confront more, even when she is lower (vs. equal) power. Study 5 replicates the core hypothesis in retrospective accounts of women’s responses to real workplace gender bias. Study 6 compares multiple potential mechanisms to provide greater insight into why centrality reliably predicts confrontation.
Classroom peer preferences and the development of sharing behavior with friends and others
Authors: Asscheman J. Susanne , He Jin , Koot Susanne , Buil J. Marieke , Krabbendam Lydia , van Lier Pol A. C.
Published: March 2020

This study examined the sex-specific developmental trajectories of sharing behavior in the Dictator Game with an anonymous other, best friend, and disliked peer and associations with peer likeability and peer dislikeability in 1,108 children (50.5% boys) followed annually across grades 2–6 (ages 8–12) of elementary school. Results showed that sharing with an anonymous other and disliked peer remained stable over time. Sharing with a best friend decreased slightly between grades 2 and 5 and then remained stable. Girls consistently shared more with all recipients than boys. Moreover, children who were liked by classmates shared more with a best friend, while disliked children shared less with all recipients. Findings emphasize the importance of considering characteristics of both recipient and actor when studying the development of sharing behavior.
Inventing Culinary Heritage through Strategic Historical Ambiguity
Authors: Marie Cappelen Sophie , Strandgaard Pedersen Jesper
Published: March 2020

Studies have shown how organisations create and use historical narratives to ‘outpast’ competing narratives, in attempts to claim authenticity through antiquity. We extend this work by exploring how organisations deliberately use historical narratives located in a vaguely defined past as a tool to craft legitimate historical narratives of a common cultural heritage. We theorise a link between strategic ambiguity and historical narratives by explaining how organisational actors construct a vaguely defined past and how historical narratives help these actors invent a cultural heritage. Conducting an in-depth case study of a culinary movement based in Istanbul, Turkey, we identify three forms of ambiguity that enable the construction of a common cultural heritage. These forms include ambiguity of origin, ambiguity of artefacts and ambiguity of ownership, and enable actors to concretise and perform a vaguely defined past in the present. Our study advances understanding of organisational uses of the past and suggests the term ‘strategic historical ambiguity’ to capture how ambiguity is deliberately used as a tool to craft legitimate historical narratives of a common cultural heritage.
Neuroprotective role of lactate in rat neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
Authors: Roumes Hélène , Dumont Ursule , Sanchez Stéphane , Mazuel Leslie , Blanc Jordy , Raffard Gérard , Chateil Jean-François , Pellerin Luc , Bouzier-Sore Anne-Karine
Published: March 2020

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and chronic disability in newborns worldwide (1–6 for 1000 births). The only current clinical treatment is hypothermia, which is efficient for less than 60% of babies. Mainly considered as a waste product in the past, lactate, in addition to glucose, is increasingly admitted as a supplementary fuel for neurons and, more recently, as a signaling molecule in the brain. Our aim was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lactate in a neonatal (seven day old) rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Pups received intra-peritoneal injection(s) of lactate (40 μmol). Size and apparent diffusion coefficients of brain lesions were assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Oxiblot analyses and long-term behavioral studies were also conducted. A single lactate injection induced a 30% reduction in brain lesion volume, indicating a rapid and efficient neuroprotective effect. When oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, was co-injected with lactate, the neuroprotection was completely abolished, highlighting the role of lactate metabolism in this protection. After three lactate injections (one per day), pups presented the smallest brain lesion volume and a complete recovery of neurological reflexes, sensorimotor capacities and long-term memory, demonstrating that lactate administration is a promising therapy for neonatal HI insult.
Comparison of Tmax values between full- and half-dose gadolinium perfusion studies
Authors: Christensen Søren , Amukotuwa Shalini , Lansberg Maarten G , Kemp Stephanie , Heit Jeremy J , Mlynash Michael , Marks Michael P , Albers Greg W , Bammer Roland
Published: March 2020

AHA guidelines recommend use of perfusion imaging for patient selection in the 6–24 h window. Recently, the safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR perfusion imaging has been questioned based on findings that gadolinium accumulates in brain tissue. Regulatory bodies have recommended to limit the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents where possible. Focusing specifically on the time to maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax) parameter, used in DAWN and DEFUSE 3, we hypothesized that half-dose scans would yield a similar Tmax delay pattern to full-dose scans. We prospectively recruited 10 acute ischemic stroke patients imaged with two perfusion scans at their follow-up visit, one with a standard dose gadolinium followed by a half-dose injection a median of 7 min apart. The brain was parcellated into a grid of 3 × 3 regions and the mean of the difference in Tmax between the 3 × 3 regions on the half- and full-dose Tmax maps was 0.1 s (iqr 0.38 s). The fraction of brain tissue that differed by no more than ±1 s was 93.7%. In patients with normal or modest Tmax delays, half-dose gadolinium appears to provide comparable Tmax measurements to those of full-dose scans.
The Use and Value of Badges: Leveraging Salesforce Trailhead Badges for Marketing Technology Education
Authors: Humphrey William , Laverie Debbie , Muñoz Caroline
Published: March 2020

Recent calls to the academy challenge marketing educators to prepare new graduates for a complex, high-stakes marketing environment driven by technology. We explore the value of utilizing readily available marketing technology (martech) learning platforms as a means to stimulate preparedness for new careers or career advancement. Specifically, we explore the potential of using Salesforce Trailhead digital badges as a learning platform. We discuss how faculty can develop a Trailmix for their classes based on their specific learning outcomes. Next, we test the efficacy and student outcomes of using a marketing technology–focused digital badge learning platform.
Relation of serum melatonin levels to postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing major abdominal surgery
Authors: Shen Qi-hong , Li Hui-fang , Zhou Xu-yan , Lu Ya-ping , Yuan Xiao-zong
Published: March 2020

Objective

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a perennial and distressing complication in older patients, and it may be caused by various factors. This study aimed to determine whether serum melatonin levels are associated with POD in older patients who undergo major abdominal surgery.

Methods

We collected serum samples from patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Melatonin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and delirium was assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method after surgery. We classified the patients into the POD group and non-POD group.

Results

A total of 120 patients met the inclusion criteria and 104 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperative serum melatonin levels were significantly lower than preoperative levels. Multivariate analyses showed that a longer duration of anesthesia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.64), advanced age (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.37–8.22), and lower postoperative levels of melatonin (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.25–1.00) were associated with POD.

Conclusions

Serum melatonin levels significantly decline after surgery and anesthesia. Significantly decreased serum melatonin concentrations postoperatively may be a biomarker for predicting POD in older patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with general anesthesia.
‘I’m my own boss…’: Active intermediation and ‘entrepreneurial’ worker agency in the Australian gig-economy
Authors: Barratt Tom , Goods Caleb , Veen Alex
Published: March 2020

Platform firm in the gig-economy are disrupting work as a social practice, production systems and recasting capital-labour relations. This qualitative study examines worker agency in the Australian food-delivery sector; a segment where platforms actively intermediate both product and labour markets. Within this sector, worker agency poses a potential challenge to platform-organisations; however this study reveals how these platforms’ work organisation and market regulation constrain agency potential. Shaped by the work’s spatio-temporal features, organisational fixes and institutional context, it is shown how food-delivery workers, transiently attached to the labour market, predominantly engage in ‘entrepreneurial agency’ – a low-level agency expression aimed at materially improving individual conditions and aligning with, rather than challenging, platforms’ business models.
Geographies of production II: Thinking through the state
Authors: Werner Marion
Published: March 2020

As corporate power strains the liberal hegemony that has stabilized the globalization project, it is no wonder that scholars of global production are increasingly turning their attention to the role of the state. While the long-held assumption that the state primarily acted to facilitate capital’s priorities remains accurate, it is nonetheless incomplete. I discuss studies that focus on other state roles (regulator, buyer and producer) and pay particular attention to the ways that restrictive trade regulations and state-owned enterprises shape production arrangements. Turning from state roles (i.e. what states do), I go on to examine critical scholarship that focuses on why states act in the ways that they do and how social forces and class dynamics shape these institutional arrangements. Recent studies of labor regimes, the political economy of smallholder value chains, and the dialectic of geoeconomic/geopolitical logics offer useful insights into the role states play to stabilize (or not) global production arrangements. Overall, examining the state-production network nexus can shed light on the possibilities to work with, through or against the state in order to transform the relations of power materialized in and through global production networks.
Maya K’iche’ Food Groups and Implications for Guatemalan Food Guidelines
Authors: Cuj Miguel , Sattler Mareike , de Beausset Sasha
Published: March 2020

The anthropology of linguistics, food, and nutrition sciences has a key role with regard to taking a critical look at the Guatemalan Food Guidelines (GFG). These GFG are communicated to native communities to interpret their eating patterns and the structural cognitive interpretation of these food groups in a cultural context. Our understanding of food is informed by cognitive structure represented by language. Since food is fundamental in human cultural identities, understanding food and food categories from the perspective of Mayan indigenous groups should be a fundamental pillar of health, food, and nutrition. The purpose of this research was to explore the GFG and compare them to K’iche’ understandings of food groups in terms of cognitive structural similarities and differences. The research was carried out in the field by way of semi-structured interviews and participant observation among K’iche’ Mayan families in Nahualá (Western Guatemala) to compare and contrast data collected on K'iche' food groups and corresponding cognitive structure with previously published findings on the GFG. These findings were confirmed through fieldwork, though some of the nuances of subcategories have changed, and significant stress was placed on 2 food groups: wa (corn-based food) and ri’kil (non-corn-based food). The research concludes that the cognitive structure and understanding of food groups and their uses communicated through K’iche’ language differ significantly from the hierarchical, technical description of food groups communicated through the GFG. In order to strengthen public health approaches to food and nutrition, indigenous knowledge must be respected, learned, and integrated into GFG.
Physical and Sexual Intimate Partner Aggression Among College Students: Examining the Roles of Cyber Intimate Partner Aggression and Alcohol Use
Authors: Watkins Laura E. , Benedicto Rosalita C. , Brockdorf Alexandra , DiLillo David
Published: March 2020

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a serious and prevalent problem among college students. Two factors that may increase risk for in-person IPA are cyber IPA and alcohol use. This study examines the interaction between three types of cyber IPA (cyber psychological, stalking, and sexual IPA) and alcohol use in predicting in-person physical and sexual IPA perpetration. Participants were 268 undergraduate students, who participated in a mass screening at a large midwestern university. More than half of the sample reported perpetrating cyber IPA. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine study hypotheses. The R2 for physical IPA perpetration was .69 and the R2 for sexual IPA perpetration was .46. Cyber stalking IPA and alcohol interacted to predict physical IPA perpetration, such that the relationship between cyber stalking IPA and physical IPA perpetration was stronger among individuals who used more alcohol. Contrary to expectations, cyber IPA and alcohol did not interact to predict sexual IPA. However, consistent with hypotheses, cyber stalking IPA was positively associated with sexual IPA perpetration. The high prevalence of cyber IPA and its association with in-person IPA perpetration suggests that prevention programs targeting cyber IPA on college campuses may be warranted.