bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular occlusion of the left atrialaud in patients with atrial fibrillations. Experience of city hospital
Authors: Guryev V. V. , Vlasenko S. V. , Shcherbak S. G. , Lazakovich D. N. , Khilchuk A. A. , Agarkov M. V. , Semenyuta V. V. , Vorobyevsky D. A. , Gladyshev D. V. , Osadchiy A. M.
Published: March 2022

Background. Endovascular occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) using the Watchman device may be considered an adequate alternative to oral anticoagulant (OAC) administration in high-risk patients.Objective. To describe our experience with Watchman endovascular occlusion of the left atrial appendage in a city hospital setting in terms of feasibility and safety, as well as assess the short-term efficacy of this procedure.Design and methods. The study included patients who underwent implantation of the Watchman occlusion device from January 2016 to November 2020. The effectiveness of the procedure was defined as the ability to implant the Watchman without maintaining residual current, safety was defined as the occurrence of nosocomial and 45-day events including stroke, pericardial effusion, major bleeding, and device migration.Results. The study included 22 patients: 10 men and 12 women, who underwent implantation of the Watchman occluding device in the LAA. The indication for implantation was a history of gastrointestinal bleeding in 15 patients, cerebral hemorrhage in 3 patients and low compliance to therapy in 4 patients. The success rate of the procedure was 95.7 %. According to control transesophageal echocardiography, after 45 days LAA was excluded from the bloodstream in 21 of 22 patients.Conclusion. Despite the higher complication rate of occlusion of the LAA compared to drug treatment, the overall mortality from any cause in patients with the implanted Watchman was lower.
Changes in the structural connectom of the brain in patients with postmastectomy syndrome
Authors: Bukkieva T. A. , Pospelova M. L. , Anpilogova K. S. , Fionik O. V. , Alekseeva T. M. , Gorbunova E. A. , Krasnikova V. V. , Makanova A. M. , Tonyan S. N. , Levchuk A. G. , Trufanov G. E.
Published: March 2022

Background. After breast cancer treatment, up to 90 % of patients suffer from various neurological and mental disorders, such as vertebrobasilar insufficiency, chronic pain syndrome, anxiety and depression. These disorders can cause structural changes in the white matter tracts of the brain, which can be detected using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI).Objective. To evaluate structural changes in the white matter tracts of the brain in patients with post-mastectomy syndrome using DT-MRI.Design and methods. The study was carried out on a tomograph with a magnetic field induction force of 3.0 T. 46 patients with neurological disorders in the long-term postoperative period (more than 6 months) after radical mastectomy, chemotherapeutic and/or radiation treatment for breast cancer were examined.Results. According to the results of an intergroup statistical analysis, all 46 patients with post-mastectomy syndrome had differences in quantitative fractional anisotropy in the white matter tracts of the brain compared with the control group (p < 0.01).Conclusion. The use of DT-MRI in patients with post-mastectomy syndrome makes it possible to identify changes in the white matter tracts of the brain that correlate with neurological disorders and a decrease in the quality of life in this cohort of patients. The results obtained indicate the need to improve treatment and rehabilitation approaches in patients receiving treatment for breast cancer.
Role of vitamin D and its receptor in regulation of mechanisms of immune inflammation in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Berkovich O. A. , Ionova Zh. I. , Du J. , Belyaeva O. D.
Published: March 2022

Coronary heart disease still underlies high morbidity and mortality in people of working age. Thus, today one of the most important tasks facing clinical cardiology is the search for new molecular genetic predictors of coronary artery disease associated with the unfavorable course of this disease and the development of complications. In the present review, we analyzed the available data on the mechanisms of vitamin D interrelation with the development of immune inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease. The role of vitamin D and its receptor in cardiovascular diseases and in the development of coronary heart disease, in particular, is considered.Recent studies showed that vitamin D deficiency is a new risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and immune inflammation. Immune damage of the vascular wall increases the risk of acute coronary syndrome, especially in patients with a predisposition to atherothrombosis. Vitamin D has a multilevel effect on immune inflammation mechanisms by restoring the balance in the system of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The protective effects of vitamin D on immune inflammation in the vascular wall are realized through vitamin D receptors. The present work re-viewed the studies describing possible mechanisms of immune inflammation regulation by vitamin D and its receptor and activation of immune inflammation in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Further studies of mechanisms of influence of vitamin D receptor on the suppression of immune inflammation are needed.
Effect of Probiotic (Probeads-Ec) Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Aseel Cross Chicks
Authors: Murugan M. , Durairajan R. , Devendran P.
Published: March 2022

Background: Supplementation of probiotics play an important role on the growth performance of native chicken to achieve early market weight. It has been observed that there was a development of resistance by pathogenic bacteria against antibiotic mixtures used in the feed as growth promoters. The major concern in using antibiotics is presence of residues in the egg and meat. Probiotics are found to be an alternative to antibiotics to reduce the disease incidences and to improve feed efficiency. Methods: Totally 100 numbers of day old Aseel cross chicks were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 50 chicks each. Chicks in control group (T1) were fed with commercially available feed without probiotic supplementation and chicks in treatment group (T2) were fed with probiotic supplemented commercial feed. Trial period was upto 10 weeks of age. Result: Fortnightly body weight and body weight gain were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in treatment group (T2) compared to control group. Average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio also highly (P less than 0.01) significant in treatment group.
Successful Artificial Insemination using Sexed and Non Sexed Semen on Limousin Crossbred Cow
Authors: Yekti A.P.A. , Riyanto J. , Hanim C. , Prafitri R. , Ciptadi G. , Rahayu S. , Susilawati T.
Published: March 2022

Background: Beef cattle fattening business requires male cattle because they grow faster so that by using sexed semen (Y sperm) it is expected to get a male calf. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of artificial insemination using non-sexed and sexed frozen semen using percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) method. Methods: A total of 120 female Limousin Crossbred were used in this study. The cows were raised on smallholder farms aged between 3-9 years with a body condition score (BCS) between 3-7 (score 1-9). The treatment was T0: 60 cows were inseminated using non-sexed frozen semen while T1: 60 cows were inseminated using sexed Y frozen semen. The insemination was performed with double doses at the 2nd and 8th hours after oestrus and deep insemination. The parameter measured were NRR-1, NRR-2, conception rate and pregnancy rates. Determination of pregnancy was performed using rectal palpation and ultrasonography (USG). Result: The results showed that NRR-1 and NRR-2 at T0 were 47 (78.33%) and 42 (70%), while at T1 were 37 (61.67%) and 35 (58.33%), respectively. While conception rate at T0 and T1 was 22 (36%) and 18 (30%), pregnancy rate at T0 and T1 was 31 (56%) and 19 (31.67%) and silent heat at T0 and T1 was 24 (40%) and 26 (43.3%).
​Pathogenicity of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its Effect on Yield of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]
Authors: Thakur D. , Pradhan P. , Sahoo J.P. , Subudhi R.P. , Bastia R. , Pradhan J. , Das M.P.
Published: March 2022

Background: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important food legume in the drier region and an essential component of the tropics and subtropics for the cropping system. Heavy infestation of cowpea by root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita led to early senescence of the crop. The experiment was carried out to determine the potential level and the extent of yield loss in cowpea due to root knot nematode. Methods: A pot culture study and a field experiment were conducted to determine pathogenic potential level of root knot nematode and to determine the yield loss in cowpea with various treatment of 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 freshly hatched juveniles. Result: The treatment with nematicide, Carbofuran 3G @ 3 kg a.i./ha, reduced the final nematode population i.e., 50.94% in soil, 46.12% on root and 46.51% decrease in root knot index. The present study revealed that 1000 J2/pot was the ETL level that reduced all the growth parameters of cowpea and avoidable yield loss of 15.78% was recorded in Ccowpea due to M. incognita.
Weed Dynamics and Productivity of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Influenced by Organic Sources of Nutrients and Weed Management
Authors: Sharma Ashu , Kachroo Dileep , Puniya R. , Stanzen Lobzang
Published: March 2022

Background: Balancing productivity, profitability and environmental health is a key challenge for maintaining agricultural sustainability. The use of locally available agro-inputs in agriculture by avoiding or minimizing the use of synthetically compounded agro-chemicals appears to be one of the probable options to sustain the agricultural productivity. Widespread use of herbicides has resulted in purported environmental and health problems as well as residual toxicity issues in succeeding crops. At present, the awareness on safe food is increasing. So, keeping this point in view the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of organic sources of nutrients and weed management on growth, yield and weed flora of Frenchbean. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2016 and 2017. The present investigation was laid out in split plot design with six sources of nutrients in main plot and four weed management treatments in sub plots. Result: Application of treatment T5 recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes, fresh pod yield, net returns and B:C ratio of French bean which was statistically at par with T3 and T2. Amongst the weed management treatments, treatment W1 resulted in significantly lowest species wise and total weed density and biomass, highest weed control efficiency, lowest weed index, highest growth, yield attributes and fresh pod yield of French bean which was statistically at par with W2 and W0. However, the highest net returns and B:C ratio were obtained in weed free plots.
Trade-offs in Root and Shoot Growth in Forage Pea [Pisum sativum (L.) arvense] with Foliar Applications of Synthetic Elicitor DPMP (2,4-Dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3-Methoxyphenyl) Imino] Methyl} Phenol) and SA (Salicylic Acid)
Authors: Bektas Y.
Published: March 2022

Background: Climate change, abiotic and biotic stress pressure are forcing breeders and farmers to find alternative ways to improve and extend food production. Even though there are multiple ways to cope with stress conditions, alleviation of the stress by enhancing plant responses is one of the cheapest, environmentally safest and most direct ways. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two common plant defense elicitors, 2,4-dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3-methoxyphenyl) imino] methyl} phenol (DPMP) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth and seedling vigor with forage pea [Pisum sativum (L.) arvense] as a model plant. Methods: Two different chemicals, 100 µM SA and 10 µM DPMP were evaluated in response to Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) treatment in a semi-hydroponic growth system. Root architecture and shoot growth parameters were evaluated. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design with three replications and ten plants per replication. Result: The effects of SA and DPMP foliar applications were significant on tap, lateral and total root lengths, number of lateral roots and root fresh weight. For most of the traits, SA and DPMP did not inhibit plant growth compared to control under treated and untreated conditions. Average lateral root length (aLatRL) was the noteworthy trait with significantly higher values in DPMP + unstressed conditions. Plants sprayed with DPMP had significantly higher (5.57 cm plant-1) aLatRL values compared to SA (4.53 cm plant-1) and control (3.01 cm plant-1). The results of the current study suggest that SA and DPMP foliar spraying can be beneficial to reduce the effects of abiotic stresses at optimal doses defined for each species. DPMP can be a candidate as a sustainable pesticide alternative and growth-enhancing agent, similar to SA.
Chinese localisation of wine aroma descriptors: an update of  Le Nez du Vin  terminology by survey, descriptive analysis and similarity test
Authors: Jin Gang , Lv Xi , Wei Linsheng , Xu Laichao , Zhang Junxiang , Chen Yanping , MA Wen
Published: March 2022

Aroma is an important criterion for describing and evaluating wine.
The aroma descriptor system currently used in wine analysis is based on Western culture and is thus often inappropriate for use by other cultures to enhance their enjoyment of wine. The objective of the present study was to update this widely applied system to facilitate Chinese participation. The 54 wine aroma descriptors of the original Le Nez du Vin Master Kit were updated based on the results of a survey of 150 untrained Chinese wine consumers who identified the aromas unfamiliar to them. A descriptive sensory analysis was then performed by a panel of 22 untrained wine tasters to identify hypothesised equivalents of the remote lexicons. New aroma reference standards were proposed to verify the hypothesised equivalents between local and non-local terms based on the similarity test. Three unfamiliar descriptors were kept owing to their similarity to the revised attributes and no suitable substitutions were found for four aromas. In the new system, 13 terms are replaced by Chinese local aroma attributes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to propose a Chinese-localised wine aroma wheel consisting of 7 categories, 16 sub-categories and 53 descriptors.
On the problem of intersystem correlations in modern anthropology: the relationship between the somatic and hormonal indicators in Moscow youth
Authors: Permiakova Е.Yu. , Negasheva М.А. , Zimina S.N. , Khafizova А.А. , Iudina А.М. , Sineva I.М.
Published: March 2022

The work is dedicated to the study of the joint variability of somatic characteristics and level of sex hormones (estradiol and testosterone), as well as to the assessment of anthropometric indicators and steroid profile in Mos-cow students. The material of the study is represented by comprehensive anthropological survey of 152 people (18–22 year old): 122 females (average age — 19.9 years) and 30 males (average age — 20.2 years) of Moscow higher educational institutions. The analysis included data from respondents of Russian nationality permanently residing in Moscow and nearest Moscow region. The examination program included the measurement of total body sizes, the assessment of body composition, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sexual dimorphism index (by Tanner); indicators of the relative value of body components were calculated as well. In addition, the hormonal profile of the participants was obtained (total testosterone and total estradiol levels in blood serum), on the basis of which the estradiol-testosterone ratio (E/T) was calculated. The analysis of morphophysiological characteristics of modern Moscow young people revealed the presence of reliable correlations (r = 0.2–0.3) between hormonal production and soma parameters only in girls: estradiol is negatively associated with waist circumference and posi-tively with the proportion of active cell mass (a direct relationship with it was also found in the E/T ratio). The level of testosterone secretion is positively associated with the value of the sexual dimorphism index. The results of factor analysis reveal a consistent variability in the levels of sex steroids with morphological parameters: estradiol is associated with indicators of obesity, and testosterone — with the proportion of musculoskeletal mass and the value of sexual dimorphism. The revealed features of the shared variation of morphophysiological signs are cha-racteristic for both sexes, which indicates their stability and biological regularity. Increased testosterone secretion was recorded for 15.6 % of female students. The average values of morphological indicators in this group signifi-cantly differ from individuals with normal hormone secretion towards the increasing andromorphism of the phy-sique (due to an increase in the proportion of musculoskeletal mass and the value of sexual dimorphism index). It can be assumed that these results indicate an increased stress load within the metropolitan region.
Constructive association of paleo-Asian sled transport and mobile dwelling in evolutionary and modernization aspects
Authors: Vorobey I.E. , Khakhovskaya L.N.
Published: March 2022

This article represents an attempt to utilize the heuristic potential of the hypothesis proposed by V.G. Kuznetsova. Her assumption is based on the analysis of Chukcha rituals and constitutes a view of the nomadic wagon called “kaaran” as an example of the original movable dwelling in the period of formation of pastoral rein-deer husbandry. In nomadic cultures, the fundamental close activity-related conjugation of sliding transport and housing constructions cannot but breed aspirations towards their constructive fusion as one of the tendencies of life organization. The realization of such aspirations takes place during the times of severe cultural transforma-tions within the society, stipulated with internal innovative processes and/or external influences. We assume that the a relevant tendency could have been realized as a mobile shelter (constructive associations of a small living cell and a moving platform) at the stage of development of paleo-Asian reindeer herding, in the context of deficit of transport reindeer. The design variability of the sleds and framework bodies of known wagons along with its reasons remains unresearched. Still, one can observe the morphological and technological resemblance between bent carcasses and temporary twig-based dwellings, that occured widely in the south of taiga region from the right bank of the Ob River down to the Amur River. The structural constrains of the paleo-Asian sleds and particular features of the reindeer gear and harness did not allow the development of the sled-wagon towards a complete, although still small, portable housing on a standard traditional base. However, this tendency revealed itself quite clearly during the Soviet modernization period: the archive and literature sources of the Soviet time display some constructive solutions that connected vehicles (sled, tractor sledge) with demountable and solid dwellings in order to optimize the systems of cargo transportation and grazing, and also to create convenient environment for the herders. In this case, the newest intercultural Chukcha’s “hybrid” (a tent hoisted on a snow sled) recorded by V.N. Davydov, turns out to be another incarnation of the once emerged deep notion mated with new technical capacities.
Informal economic practices as a mechanism of adaptation of migrants in the south of Western Siberia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries
Authors: Krikh A.A. , Mulina S.A. , Chernova I.V.
Published: March 2022

During the process of development of remote regions of Russian Empire, the state played the most important role, legislatively regulating the resettlement process and penal colonization. Despite the efforts of the state, in-formal economic practices became the means of adaptation of migrants to the new climatic and social circum-stances they were exposed to as a result of migration. The variety of the practices was most vividly manifested during the years of large-scale peasant resettlements to Siberia at the turn of the 19th — 20th c. This phenomenon was reflected in the reports, essays and travel diaries of officials, which supervised the land management matters of the resettlement, which made possible the comparison of informal economic practices in different climatic zones — the taiga and the steppe. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of the informal economy by T. Shanina, which considers the informal practices as a universal restorative mechanism that makes it possible to “soften” the most acute social and economic contradictions. That mechanism provides survival in such condi-tions when other social mechanisms fail. The resettlement households of the taiga regions were characterized by primitive methods of deforestation and felling for sale to the steppe districts, which prompted chances in the na-ture of urmans. As a consequence of the informal economic behavior of late settlers in the areas with abundant forests, the building density of homesteads became high, which resulted in that even newly formed settlements appeared as solid wooden walls. Such dense building development contradicted the directives of the resettlement officials, which appealed to the building statute regulations. In the southern steppe regions of Western Siberia, the settlers used land holdings on the basis of a seizure right using shifting cultivation system and seeding the fields mainly with wheat without applying crop rotation. In the settlements located at the bitter-salt lakes, hydraulic engi-neering works were carried out. However, the late settlers ignored such improvements; they denied the suitability of the filters, did not monitor their condition, and even contributed to the pollution of the water reservoirs arranged for drinking. The adaptive result of the informal practices is the increased stability of the peasant economy. De-pending on the yields, the new settlers was able to transfer the center of economic operations to and survive diffi-cult times. The development of promysels saved peasant families from hunger and financial collapse, yet contrib-uted to the spread of non-progressive, backward forms of land and resource use, which were based on extensive agriculture and a predatory attitude towards nature.
Xiongnu-Xianbei layer in the Yakut Culture
Authors: Alexeev A.N. , Bravina R.I.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to systematize and conceptualize the similarities between the paleo-ethnographic culture of the Yakuts and the Xiongnu of Central Asia, and to assess the possible ways of their appearance and incorporation into the new environment. In addition to the published data on this topic, the main source for the preparation of this paper was authors’ field archaeological material, collected during many years of expeditions. Among the materials of the Yakut Culture, a group of objects, the origin of which is associated with the Xiongnu-Xianbei time, includes some motifs of the traditional Yakut ornament, as well as artifacts — fragments of a com-pound bow, whistling arrowheads, Wushu coins, burial structures, etc. The earliest finds of these types of articles come from the cultural layers of the settlement of Ulakhan Segelennyah on the Olekma River, dated to the period within 110 BC — 350 cal AD. It is believed that the Xiongnu-Xianbei community was formed at the end of the 2nd — beginning of the 3rd c. AD after the fall of the Xiongnu Empire under the blows of warlike Mongol-speaking Xian-bei. We conclude that in the Middle Ages the ancestors of the Yakuts had direct or indirect cultural ties with the Xiongnu. This could happen in the way of the resettlement of a small group of Xiongnu or Xiongnu-Xianbei to the north, or, more likely, it was the result of contacts between the Xiongnu or the ancestors of the Yakuts during their residence in the south of Siberia in the Early Middle Ages. The broadcasting of Xiongnu cultural traditions through the tribes of the Tashtyk Culture of the Minusinsk depression, with which, according to some researchers, the ancestors of the Yakuts once had active ethnic and cultural contacts, is also possible. In the Yakut Culture, the southern elements turned out to be in demand, as evidenced in particular by the funerary structures of the Yakuts in the Late Middle Ages. In the Lensky region, there was a further development of products of the indicated types, which led to the formation of a peculiar appearance of the traditional culture of the Yakuts.
A Blockchain-Based Intelligent Machine Learning System for Smart Health Care
Authors: Hassan Mir
Published: March 2022

Blockchain and Machine Learning gives the best solutions together in performing various tasks in the Smart Health care system. With these two new emerging technologies, that have materialized in the last decade. In this paper, we proposed secure, transparent and intelligent methods in the Internate of medical things industry using Machine learning models and blockchain technology to enhance security level and train our models to improve diagnostic, prevention, treatment of the patient, patient rights, patient autonomy and equality in the health care system.
Polymer-Coated Daikon-Based Sunlight Absorbers for Highly Efficient Interface Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Zhenning , Yang Fan , Wu Bo , Yi Jie , Yang Zhihui , Wu Yuming , Wang Weiming , Peng Shuai , Xiong Jun , Min Xue
Published: March 2022

Interface solar steam generation (ISSG) are charming for its applications in desalination and wastewater treatment. Biomass is an attractive substrate for utilizing solar vapor evaporators because of its natural pore structure and water transportability. Polymers like polydopamine (PDA) and polypyrrole (PPy) with broadband spectrum absorption are fascinating in photothermal materials (PTMs). Herein, PDA coated daikon-based (PDA-DK) and PPy coated daikon-based (PPy-DK) PTMs have been exploited for solar steam generation. When polyethylene foam (PEF) was used as an insulating layer to limit heat loss from the PTMs to bulk water, the evaporation rate of PDA-DK and PPy-DK was raised from 0.82 kg m–2 h–1 and 0.96 kg m–2 h–1 to 1.50 kg m–2 h–1 and 1.60 kg m–2 h–1, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding photothermal conversion efficiency was increased to 89.01% and 98.97%, which was increased by nearly 40% under 1-sun irradiation. In addition, PDA-DK and PPy-DK exhibited remarkable stability for the solar steam generation without significant change through 15 cycles. Furthermore, PDA-DK and PPy-DK could effectively desalt seawater and purify dyeing wastewater. All the results indicate that PDA-DK and PPy-DK have great potential in real-world applications for solar steam generation.
Antimicrobial Prescribing Confidence and Knowledge Regarding Drug Resistance: Perception of Medical Students in Malaysia and the Implications
Authors: Haque Mainul , Ara Tasim , Haq Md. Ahsanul , Lugova Halyna , Dutta Siddhartha , Samad Nandeeta , Rabiu Abubakar Abdullahi , Syed Mohdhar Sharifah Shasha Binti , Rahman Md. Mahabubur , Islam Salequl , Adnan Nihad , Ahmad Rahnuma , Binti Abdullah Shahidah Leong , Ismail Mohd Hafizi Bin , Godman Brian
Published: March 2022

Background: Worldwide, microbes are becoming more dangerous by acquiring virulent skills to adapt and develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is a concern as this increases morbidity, mortality, and costs. Consequently, physicians need to be trained inappropriate prescribing, starting with medical students. Objective: Evaluate medical students' confidence in antimicrobial agent prescribing and drug resistance Methods: Cross-sectional study assessing medical students' knowledge, perception, and confidence in prescribing antimicrobial agents and drug resistance in a Malaysian University. A universal sampling method was used. Results: Most respondents believe that educational input regarding overall prescribing was sufficient. Regarding the principle of appropriate and accurate prescriptions, female medical students had less knowledge [Odds Ratio (OR)=0.51; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.25-0.99; p=0.050]. Year-IV and Year-V students had more excellent knowledge than Year-III students regarding confidence in antibiotic prescribing. Year-V students also showed appreciably higher confidence in the broad principles of prescribing, including infectious diseases, compared to those in other years. Conclusion: Overall, medical students, gain more excellent knowledge and confidence regarding prescribing, including antimicrobials, as their academic careers progress.
Towards an Effective Application of Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis to Mathematical Groundwater Models
Authors: A. Herrera Paulo , Marazuela Miguel Angel , Formentin Giovanni , Hofmann Thilo
Published: March 2022

Groundwater models serve as support tools to among others: assess water resources, evaluate management strategies, design remediation systems and optimize monitoring networks. Thus, the assimilation of information from observations into models is crucial to improve forecasts and reduce uncertainty of their results. As more information is collected routinely due to the use of automatic sensors, data loggers and real time transmission systems; groundwater modelers are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of using sophisticated tools to perform model calibration in combination with sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Despite their usefulness, available approaches to perform this kind of analyses still present some challenges such as non-unique solution for the parameter estimation problem, high computational burden and a need of a deep understanding of the theoretical basis for the correct interpretation and use of their results, in particular the ones related to uncertainty analysis. We present a brief derivation of the main equations that serve as basis for this kind of analysis. We demonstrate how to use them to estimate parameters, assess the sensitivity and quantify the uncertainty of the model results using an example inspired by a real world setting. We analyze some of the main pitfalls that can occur when performing such kind of analyses and comment on practical approaches to overcome them. We also demonstrate that including groundwater flow estimations, although helpful in constraining the solution of the inverse problem as shown previously, may be difficult to apply in practice and, in some cases, may not provide enough information to significantly constrain the set of potential solutions.
Hyphal Fusion and Autophagy Enable Proper Conidiation and Symptom Development on Maize Leaves by Colletotrichum graminicola
Authors: Nordzieke Daniela Elisabeth
Published: March 2022

Hyphal and germling fusion is a common phenomenon in ascomycetous fungi. Due to the formed hyphal network, this process enables coordinated development, interaction with plant hosts and efficient nutrient distribution. Recently, our lab showed a positive correlation of germling fusion with the formation of penetrating hyphopodia on maize leaves outgoing from Colletotrichum graminicola oval conidia. To investigate the probable interconnectivity of these processes, we have generated a deletion mutant in Cgso, which homologs are essential for cellular fusion in other fungal species. Indeed, plant infection studies combined with microscopy revealed a significant decrease in symptom development of the ∆Cgso mutant on maize leaves. However, hyphopodia development was not affected, indicating that both processes are not directly connected. Instead, we were able to link the decreased symptom development to a reduced formation of acervuli, asexual fruiting bodies of C. graminicola, which give rise to falcate conidia. Monitoring of a fluorescent labelled autophagy marker eGFP-CgAtg8 revealed a high autophagy activity in hyphae surrounding acervuli. Since the ∆Cgso mutant shows no hyphal fusions at these sites, we conclude that efficient nutrient transport of degraded cellular material by hyphal fusions enables proper acervuli maturation and symptom development on leaves.
Deep Journalism and DeepJournal V1.0: A Data-Driven Deep Learning Approach to Discover Parameters for Transportation (As A Case Study)
Authors: Ahmad Istiak , Alqurashi Fahad , Abozinadah Ehab , Mehmood Rashid
Published: March 2022

We live in a complex world characterised by complex people, complex times, and complex social, technological, and ecological environments. There is clear evidence that governments are failing at most public matters. The recent COVID-19 pandemic is a high example of global governance failure both at preventing such pandemics and managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It is time that all of us take responsibility and look into ways of collaboratively improving the governance of public matters, our matters. While there are many reasons for government failures, we believe the lack of information availability is a fundamental reason that limits the government’s ability to act smartly and allows the lack of transparency to creep into policy and action leading to corruption and failure. To this end, this paper introduces the concept of deep journalism, a data-driven deep learning-based approach for discovering multi-perspective parameters related to a topic of interest. We build three datasets (a newspaper, a technology magazine, and a Web of Science dataset) and discover the academic, industrial, public, governance, and political parameters for the transportation sector as a case study to introduce deep journalism and our tool DeepJournal (Version 1.0) that implements our proposed approach. We elaborate on 89 transportation parameters and hundreds of dimensions reviewing 400 technical, academic, and news articles. The findings related to the multi-perspective view of transportation reported in this paper show that there are many important problems seen by the public that industry and academia seem to not place their focus on. On the other hand, academia produces much broader and deeper knowledge on the subject such as a wide range of pollutions affecting the people and planet do not get to reach the public eye. Our deep journalism approach could find the gaps and highlight them to the public and other stakeholders.
Some Results in Classes Of Neutrosophic Graphs
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: March 2022

New setting is introduced to study co-neighborhood, neutrosophic t-neighborhood, neutrosophic quasi-vertex set, neutrosophic quasi-order, neutrosophic neighborhood, neutrosophic co-t-neighborhood, neutrosophic quasi-edge set, neutrosophic quasi-size, Neutrosophic number, neutrosophic co-neighborhood, co-neutrosophic number, quasi-number and quasi-co-number. Some classes of neutrosophic graphs are investigated.
XAF1 Inactivation Increases Tumor Cell Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis Through Stabilization of GRP78 and CHIP
Authors: Lee Kyung-Woo , Hong Huira , Lim Ji-Sun , Ko Kyung-Phil , Lee Min-Goo , Chi Sung-Gil
Published: March 2022

Despite accumulating evidence for the pro-apoptotic role for X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 (XAF1), its involvement in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response remains undefined. Here, we report that XAF1 enhances cell sensitivity to ER stress and acts as a switch in unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated cell-fate decisions favoring apoptosis over adaptive autophagy. XAF1 interacts with and destabilizes ER stress sensor GRP78 through the assembly of zinc finger protein 313-mediated destruction complex. Moreover, XAF1 gene transcription is activated by ER stress through PERK-Nrf2 signaling to direct an adaptive to apoptotic switch of stress response by blocking C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP)-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent phosphorylation of inositol-required enzyme-1α (IRE1α). In tumor xenograft assays, XAF1-/- tumors display substantially lower regression compared to XAF1+/+ tumors in response to cytotoxic dose of ER stress inducer. XAF1 and GRP78 expression show an inverse correlation in human cancer cell lines and primary breast carcinomas. Collectively this study uncovers an important role for XAF1 as a linchpin to govern the sensitivity to ER stress and the outcomes of UPR signaling, illuminating the mechanistic consequence of XAF1 inactivation in tumorigenesis.
Aceleración de la urbanización global y movilidad sostenible
Authors: Figueroa Elenes Jorge Rafael , Martín Urbano Pablo , Sánchez Gutiérrez Juan Ignacio
Published: March 2022

La aceleración de los procesos de urbanización mundial, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, produce multitud de impactos, buena parte de ellos como consecuencia del transporte. Las respuestas de las ciudades a una siempre insatisfecha demanda de la movilidad urbana han pasado por distintas etapas, evolucionando desde el incremento de la oferta de medios materiales y humanos hasta los intentos de gestionar la demanda. La mayor oferta de transporte supuso multiplicar la dotación de infraestructuras, para facilitar la movilidad del vehículo particular, pero fracasó por causa, entre otros efectos, de la congestión, la contaminación y los accidentes. El reforzamiento posterior de los servicios públicos de transporte encontró sus límites en la concepción del sistema urbano y del transporte planificado para el vehículo particular. Se trata además de satisfacer esas necesidades frente a los retos de descarbonización de las ciudades, lo que implica tratar los problemas de calentamiento global transformando los desplazamientos urbanos en movilidad sostenible. Una adecuada solución a los problemas de transporte urbano pasa por profundas transformaciones de los actuales sistemas de transporte, que implican a la concepción misma de las ciudades y sus funciones, a las relaciones sociales e individuales, así como mejora las alternativas a los vehículos privados y al uso de energía fósil. El artículo repasa la importancia del transporte urbano en la sostenibilidad global y los problemas que suponen los procesos de urbanización a escala mundial para conseguirlo, esbozando algunas líneas maestras para una movilidad sostenible.
Increased trade openness, productivity, employment and wages: a difference-in-differences approach
Authors: Peluffo Geronazzo Silvia Adriana
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses the effects of increased competition resulting from the creation of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) on productivity, employment and wages for the Uruguayan manufacturing sector at the plant level. We use impact evaluation techniques, namely regressions and matching and difference-in-di-fferences estimation for the period 1988-1995. One of the most robust findings is that increased trade libe-ralization seems to improve total factor productivity. Furthermore, we find reductions in employment driven mainly by the decrease in blue collars, increases in wages and a reduction in the wage gap between white and blue collars as a result of increased trade exposure. Thus, the increase in productivity along with the unemployment of unskilled workers would indicate a room for training, labour and social policies in order to countervail the negative impact of trade liberalization on less qualified workers.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre la atención odontológica de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo I y II en estudiantes de pregrado de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur (2021)
Authors:   , Celi Guzman Faviana Cecilia
Published: March 2022

Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la atención odontológica de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo I y II en estudiantes de pregrado de la Carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur. La muestra está constituida por estudiantes de 6to a 10mo ciclo de la Carrera de Estomatología y es tipo poblacional. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Miguel Ángel Castellares que consta de 25 preguntas de opción múltiple seccionadas en 5 dominios abarcando conocimientos básicos sobre la enfermedad, lesiones en la cavidad oral así como el correcto uso de medicamentos durante el acto odontológico; y los califico como bajo, regular y alto, según el rango establecido. El 87,5% de los estudiantes tuvieron un nivel de conocimiento bajo sobre la atención odontológica a pacientes diabéticos tipo I y II, el 12,5% de los alumnos tuvieron un nivel de conocimiento regular y ausencia de alumnado con porcentaje alto. Los dominios donde se obtuvo mejor puntaje fueron en creencias, clasificación y fisiopatología y patología bucal; sin embargo, los dominios de fármacos y tratamiento odontológico arrojaron puntaje bajo en su mayoría y regular, con ausencia de puntuación alta. Con esta investigación se concluye que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la atención odontológica de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo I y II en estudiantes de pregrado de la Carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur fue bajo, por consiguiente, se recomienda evaluar las áreas a mejorar con el fin de formar profesionales capacitados que brinden una atención integral.
Modelling survival and Factors associated with HIV infected and uninfected patients of Prostate cancer at the University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia
Authors: Mwangilwa Kelvin , Mwale Moses , Msadabwe Susan Citonje , Vinikool Michael , Musonda Patrick
Published: March 2022

Background
Prostate cancer continues to have a high incidence and fatality rate over the world, especially among those infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with higher mortality in Africa than on other continents. Zambia has one of the highest anticipated prostate cancer death rates, despite modest progress and a little higher than normal prevalence of prostate cancer. As a result, this study examined the survival rates of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected prostate cancer patients, as well as the variables that influence mortality.
Methods
We used data from the cancer disease hospital (CDH) in Lusaka, Zambia, to perform a 5-year retrospective cohort analysis of prostate cancer registry data. The data was analysed using a Weibull hazard model at multivariate analysis after doing multiple imputation to deal with missing information in the data. Patients were followed up using mobile phone calls to estimate the contribution of their patients' time from the moment of diagnosis to death or the conclusion of the research period. Those who were lost to follow-up were censored at the date of their last known hospital follow-up.
Results
662 cases were evaluated. The total amount of time at risk was 7548 months. 290 (43.8%) deaths suggest a death rate of 430 people per 10,000 people per year. The average length of survival was 16 months. In an adjusted model, the following variables had a statistically significant impact on the hazard of death: one year increase in age, increased the hazard of death by about 3%, AHR 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.05, p= 0.001); HIV positive had reduced hazard of death by about 41%, AHR 0.59 ( 95% CI: 0.44, 0.79, p= 0.001); Gleason scoreless or equal to eight, the patients with Gleason score greater than eight had increased hazard of death by about 43%, AHR 1.43 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.59, p= 0.001); those on hormonal therapy had reduced hazard of death by about 28% AHR 0.72 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.94, p= 0.018); and those presented with tumour stage one and two had reduced hazard of death by about 82%, AHR 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.78), p= 0.021).
Conclusion
Survival from death after learning whether a patient was HIV positive or negative was higher in HIV positives than in HIV negatives, which could be related to HIV negatives having higher Gleason scores than HIV positives who are regularly seen by clinicians for screening. Prostate cancer screening must be advocated for, especially among HIV negative patients, as evidenced by the increased hazard of death compared to HIV positives.
Point of Care Ultrasound to Identify Rib Osteomyelitis in the Infants. A Case Report.
Authors: Montero-Yéboles Raúl , Manzanares-Santos Silvia , Diaz-Rueda Laura , Velasco-Jabalquinto Maria José , Sáez Beatriz Ruiz- , Pérez-Navero Juan luis
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY The number of reported cases of rib osteomyelitis are very infrequent. Magnetic resonance is generally the best test in these cases, due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, given this technique has some drawbacks, it is usually restricted to cases of bad evolution. A relevant, easy to perform, bedside imaging test is the point of care ultrasound. CLINICAL CASE We present the case of a two-month-old infant with a rib osteomyelitis detected by point of care ultrasound in the context of sepsis after abdominal surgery. The thoracic ultrasound revealed a lesion adjacent to the right sixth rib and round extraparenchymal collection in the right costophrenic sinus. Chest CT confirmed the presence of a hypodense collection at the costochondral junction of the right seventh rib with pleural thickening and an increase in soft tissues, compatible with osteomyelitis. Our ultrasound finding in the absence of specific clinical data of rib osteomyelitis led us to a change in the duration of the antibiotic treatment already established and therefore likely led to an improvement in the patient's prognosis. CONCLUSION The ultrasound has gained increasing prominence due to its usefulness in diagnosis and monitoring, especially in pediatric intensive care, given the ease of use at the patient's bedside.
On the Injectivity of an Integral Operator Connected to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru
Published: March 2022

The equivalent formulation of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) given by Alcantara-Bode ([1], 1993) is outstanding, reducing one of the most important unsolved problems in pure mathematics to a problem whose investigation could be made by standard techniques of applied mathematics: RH holds if and only if the integral operator on the Hilbert space L2(0,1) having the kernel function defined by the fractional part of (y/x), is injective.The method introduced in this paper to deal with, is based on the main result obtained: a linear bounded Hermitian operator strict positive on a dense family of subspaces, having the sequence of the inverse condition numbers bounded inferior by a strict positive constant, is injective.Using its version for integral operators on L2(0,1) by choosing a dense family of approximation subspaces well known in literature, we proved the injectivity of the integral operator from the equivalent formulation of the RH given in [1].