bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Quality of the Underwater Robot’s Contactless Battery Charging System
Authors: Gerasimov V A , Komlev A V , Filozhenko A Yu
Published: November 2021

A special feature of the contactless battery charging system of an autonomous underwater robot is the use of a transformer with separating primary and secondary windings. As a result, a non-magnetic gap arises, which leads to the need to increase the primary current and the output current of the autonomous inverter. One of the ways to improve the quality of the system is the use of a resonant circuit at the inverter output in combination with the "soft switching" mode of its power switches. The use of resonance on the transformer secondary side also allows you to equalize the current loads of the primary and secondary windings. In this way, a minimum of losses in the inverter is achieved and the power transformer of the system is optimized. This allows you to reduce the size of the system while maintaining the transmitted power, or increase the transmitted power while maintaining the dimensions. The problem solved by using mathematical modelling with verification of the solution adequacy in a full-scale experiment.
Internet of Things (IoT) Security Alarms on ESP32-CAM
Authors: Salikhov R B , Abdrakhmanov V Kh , Safargalin I N
Published: November 2021

The article presents the basic requirements for systems operating on the technology of the industrial / industrial "Internet of Things" (Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT). presents the main technologies with which it is recommended to develop IIoT devices. These are low-level programming of microcontrollers using the STM32 example, working with real-time systems (using Mbed OS as an example), using low-power wireless technologies, such as LoRa, 6LoWPAN, NB-IoT, ZigBee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). It is also necessary to use special protocols, for example, the MQTT application layer protocol, the use of special cloud services, for example, Artik Cloud, IBM Cloud, Intel Cloud. The article also provides the main features of the choice of hardware - a development board for a microcontroller, wireless communication modules, as well as features of choosing software to accelerate the stage of initial debugging and development of a device prototype. It also provides a brief overview of existing security alarm solutions based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Home technologies. The idea of creating a budget solution based on Arduino and ESP32-CAM is presented. A prototype was assembled, the device was tested in operation.
Organization of Secure Communication between Programmable Logic Controllers Using the Open Platform Communications Protocol
Authors: Ametov F R , Bekirov E A , Asanov M M
Published: November 2021

Modern automated control systems in industrial and private enterprises are represented by a set of programmable logic devices and components from various manufacturers. They operate based on many of the most widely used protocols and interfaces. Some manufacturers have their own solutions that are mainly focused only on their product, without direct or indirect compatibility with third-party solutions. Many control systems used now operate on relatively old solutions that cannot be partially modernized due to lack of technical resources or financial unprofitability.

The paper considers the most popular industrial protocols Modbus and Profibus, analyzes their advantages, as well as features of the structure and functionality.

The study of the operation problems and information security of modern control systems is considered, solutions for their elimination are analyzed.

A solution for the control systems modernization was proposed based on the analysis. It can become effective and financially justified due to its technical features, allowing it to be adapted to existing solutions. Conclusions about the effectiveness of the proposed solution were formulated based on the data collected and the goals achieved.
Development of a Program for Calculating the Air Regime of a Building
Authors: Biriukov S
Published: November 2021

The article describes the main differences between a specialized program for calculating the air regime of a building and universal software systems. Algorithms for creating a mathematical model, calculation algorithms and applications are given. A brief description of the principles of the program, the requirements for computer technology and software are given.
Smart Metering and Scheduling of Electrical Loads of Buildings
Authors: Mishuchkov V , Pushkareva M , Belov S
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes global trends in the development of smart metering and energy planning in buildings, the development and implementation of intelligent energy monitoring to collect and analyze data on energy consumption for management to improve energy efficiency, it considers the implementation of infrastructure for advanced smart metering smart home using NILM-technology non-intrusive load monitoring. It is shown that equipping buildings of various purposes in a smart city with real-time energy accounting systems with smart meters generates a new approach to improving the energy efficiency of buildings and contributes to the successful implementation of energy service contracts and energy management systems in them.
Heat Transfer at Film Cooling of an Array of Horizontal Tubes with an Enhanced Surface
Authors: Pecherkin N I , Pavlenko A N , Volodin O A , Kataev A I , Mironova I B , Das M K
Published: November 2021

The paper presents investigation results about the influence of various methods of surface treatment on heat transfer enhancement in falling films of R21 Freon on an array of horizontal tubes. The experiments were carried out on the aluminum alloy tubes with a ceramic coating obtained by micro-arc oxidation and on copper tubes with a structured surface, treated by deformational cutting. The experiments were carried out in a regime of turbulent film flow at Reynolds numbers from 400 to 1500. The results of measuring the heat transfer coefficients on the surface of samples with a developed surface and on the standard smooth tube are compared. The highest values of heat transfer coefficients in falling films during nucleate boiling were obtained on a structured surface with semi-closed cavities. Heat transfer enhancement on the surface of a tube made of alloy D16T with the MAO coating of 30 μm thick, obtained in a silicate-alkaline electrolyte, is comparable to heat transfer enhancement on the surface of copper tubes with a microstructure applied by the deformational cutting method.
Autonomous Energy-Efficient Complexes Based on Crude Oil for Working in Arctic Conditions
Authors: Roslyakov P V , Proskurin Yu V , Grisha B G , Ionkin I L
Published: November 2021

The work is devoted to solving scientific and technical problems on the development of new generation Russian power equipment. Comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of aerodynamic and heat-mass exchange processes on the ignition and combustion of crude oil in the straitened conditions of fire-tube boilers are reviewed and described. Based on the results of the research, design developments were carried out, prototypes of a fire-tube hot-water boiler with a remoted economizer and an automated low-emission burner device were manufactured and successfully tested. The efficiency of the boiler more than 94% and the reduced level of pollutants emissions in the operating load range are confirmed.
Problems and Possible Options for Improving the Efficiency of Diesel Generation
Authors: Efimov N K , Vasiliev P F
Published: November 2021

The potential for improving the energy efficiency of diesel generation really exists and can be estimated in real money. Reducing the fuel component is one of the priority areas. This article discusses the problems and possible options for the modernization and reconstruction of diesel generation, including the positive experience of JSC Sakhaenergo of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Laser Projection Positioning Improving at a Machine- Building Manufacturing Enterprise Method
Authors: Kruglova T N , Lukyanchikova D A , Shmelev G A
Published: November 2021

The goal of this work is to research a possibility of laser projection system adaptation to a machine-building manufacturing enterprise. A model example of the use of a computer vision system in production is the task of reducing the labor intensity of installing welded elements on a product, reducing the production time, and reducing the cost of work. A formal statement of the problem is given - to use a laser projection system in the conditions of assembly and welding production for positioning welded elements on the main product with respect to dimensional accuracy. For experimental research, a section of a machine-building production enterprise with a pre-defective product and welded elements was used. The research took place in two stages. As a result of the research, the results were obtained, confirming the efficiency of the method.
The Calculation Method of Ice Melting Schemes’ Relay Protection Settings and Clarification of the Ice Depositions Control Method on Steel Lightning Protection Wires
Authors: Zasypkin A S , Nagay V I
Published: November 2021

The method of current values calculation of overcurrent and undercurrent relay protections included in the complex of relay protection of ice melting schemes by alternating current on steel lightning protection wires of overhead transmission lines is analysed. A comparison with the generally accepted method, called the element-by-element method, is made. The element-by-element method is based on using the parameters of all the elements included in the ice melting scheme to calculate the maximum and minimum melting currents, from which the corresponding protections must be adjusted. These parameters have a significant variation, especially the active and internal reactive resistances of steel lightning protection wires at alternating current, what increases the calculation error. The proposed method, called the recalculation method, is based on the use of the trial melting mode parameters, carried out annually in the autumn season on lightning protection wires, with a duration up to 2 minutes. In difference to the usual practice, the trial melting has to be carried out 2 times with different currents. According to the parameters of the mode the settings of relay protection are recalculated using the given methods. The methodological and additional errors of the new method are estimated, that shows proposed method advantage. The parameters of the trial melting mode can be used to specify the methodology for remote control of ice formation (the length of the ice formation zone).
Modern Problems of Information Security in Control and Access Control Systems When Using Neural Networks
Authors: Chelukhin V A , Tikhonov S E , Aung Pyae Zone
Published: November 2021

This work is devoted to a theoretical study of the investigation of incidents from the operation of access control systems using neural networks in our time. The work describes the processes of operation of control and access control systems, in which neural network technologies are most actively introduced among the components of access control and management systems, and which, from the introduction of neural networks into them, can show new vulnerabilities in the operation of the access control and management system as a whole.
Changes in the Structure and Thermal Conductivity of Crushed Ice Frozen Backfills
Authors: Zarichnyak Yu P , Gorbunova A Yu , Korablev V A , Ivanov V A , Pilipenko N V , Kovalenko A N , Nikolaev I N
Published: November 2021

Crushed ice backfills are widely used in the regions of the North. There, in natural conditions in winter, it can be easily prepared for the subsequent arrangement and repair of damaged temporary road surfaces, sealing cracks in the ice layer, backfilling with over-ice water and for the formation of ice refrigerant reserves in refrigerated food storage facilities.
Thermal Conductivity Structure and Anisotropy of the Colossal Carbon Mesotubes
Authors: Zarichnyak Yu P , Gorbunova A Yu , Korablev V A , Ivanov V A , Pilipenko N V , Kovalenko A N , Nikolaev I N
Published: November 2021

A model of a tube with a square cross-section was compiled for the mathematical analysis of the mesotube in Cartesian coordinates, with the selection of an element of a representative volume. To estimate the effective thermal conductivity of the structure, the generalized theory of conductivity with linearization of heat flux streamlines was used. The presence of anisotropy leads to the division of the problem into a separate estimate of the longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivity. The cross-section of the model was divided into elementary sections by a system of auxiliary adiabatic and isothermal planes, then the sections of the model were presented in the form of thermal resistances connected in chains - electrical circuits. Using the analogy of the identity of thermal and electrical resistances, the total conductivity of the sections and the effective thermal conductivity of the structure were determined. This methodology satisfies the test for limit transitions.
Studies of Dynamic Processes
Authors: Lukyanov G
Published: November 2021

The traditional approach to experimental data processing is based on the estimation of the averaged characteristics of the process, such as mean, variance, and range. However, a deeper processing with the identification of the features of the non-wicked dynamic behavior of the process allows us to see those features that are very important for a more complete understanding of its essence. The article provides examples of identifying the features of the dynamic behavior of processes in the atmosphere, studying the dynamics of heat and mass transfer when air moves in the upper respiratory tract of a person, and acoustic vibrations excited by a flame in the environment. Using the example of processing the time series of fluctuations in atmospheric air temperature, it is shown what unexpected information can be hidden in dynamic changes.
Sea Transport of Fresh Water
Authors: Loshchenkov V V , Knyazhev V V
Published: November 2021

A modular automatic sea transport for the delivery of clean drinking fresh water has been proposed. Transport can be in underwater and surface versions. The transported fresh water and the surrounding seawater can be used as a source of energy for the movement and control of vehicles. Power plants based on osmosis or reverse electrodialysis are considered, as well as their possible joint use of plants of both types.
Assessment of the Homogeneity of Polymeric Materials Using Hounsfield Units
Authors: Kovalskii V M , Grin A A , Krylov V V , Vorotnikov A A
Published: November 2021

The X-ray transparency of various polymers and plastics is one of the most important factors in the choice of material in the design of new medical robotic and mechatronic systems and complexes. Along with the radiolucency, such a parameter as material inhomogeneity is also one of the main ones. The inhomogeneity of the material can not only affect the radiolucency of individual areas of the product but also impose restrictions on the use of polymeric materials by changing the physical and mechanical properties of the products. In this work, a technique was proposed for determining the location of regions of interest with reliable values on a CT image. Data were obtained for the values of the parameter HU and standard deviation for various polymer materials. A technique was proposed for determining the degree of heterogeneity of polymeric materials. The values of the degree of heterogeneity were obtained for all investigated materials.
On the Rural Electric Networks Reliability Level Issue
Authors: Naumov I V , Polkovskaya M N
Published: November 2021

The structure study, condition and 10 kV electric networks reliability level in the Irkutsk region for the period from 2016 to 2020 is carried out. The analysis is based on real data on the studied electric networks published in the open press. The Interactive Matlab system libraries and interfaces were used to calculate and analyze the studied indicator. The considered electric networks structure has investigated, algorithms and computer programs for the Matlab graphic editor are compiled with the help which changes time diagrams in the failures number, the interruptions time and the under-output electricity amount for each year months are constructed. The year months in which the highest damage occurs were determined. The electrical networks wear is considered, as well as the repair plan implementation for the main equipment. The reliability level according to the established indicators has analyzed, the main reasons for equipment failure are considered. The characteristics of improving considered electrical networks functioning are presented. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the most damaged the considered overhead lines elements are: wires, supports, insulators, and switching devices. The characteristic reasons that lead to their damage are: wind load, damage to switching devices. The greatest damage is the Angarsky and Irkutsky branches networks characteristic (the average annual value all failures are 26.4 and 23.9%). The Kirensky and Cheremkhovsky branches networks are the least damaged annually. The obtained data probabilistic-statistical and correlation analysis, as well as the emergency outages risks analysis for the future, taking into account the seasonal component, is carried out.
Assessment of Technical Means Quality Indicators for Smart Transport Systems
Authors: Goloskokov K , Korotkov V , Marley V , Knysh T
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to show that it is necessary to assess the quality indicators for the technical means of smart transport systems. The quality of technical means, including smart transport systems, is associated with the selection of rational information processing technologies. Data in information systems is processed in different sections. The authors suggest an assessment technology for the operational quality of technical means of automated transport information systems. They identify the key quality indicators for the operation of technical means of information systems. The authors demonstrate that the operation of technical means can be characterized by the system task time, output data accuracy, and system implementability. They present the calculation of technical means quality indicators for smart transport systems
Simulation Model of Selective Assembly of the Conrod-Piston Group Unit of Internal Combustion Engines, Taking into Account Measurement Errors During Sorting
Authors: Filipovich O V , Balakin A I , Balakina N A , Filipovich V O
Published: November 2021

The process of selective assembly of the conrod-piston group of an internal combustion engine, which provides the required accuracy of the connections, is considered. The functioning of a unit consisting of three main elements is described, the scheme of the assembly set-making is shown. The simulation model of a one-parameter selective assembly of three elements has been modernized by taking into account measurement errors arising from sorting into size groups. The modeling of the assembly process of the unit for a specific engine model has been carried out. A dependence is obtained that connects the required output indicator of the technological process with the parameter of the measurement quality. This research will allow solving the metrological problem associated with the choice of the optimal accuracy of measuring equipment under technical and economic constraints.
Efficiency of Off-Peak Electricity Conversion at Nuclear Power Plants Using Reversible Fuel Cells
Authors: Egorov A N
Published: November 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the efficiency of off-peak electricity conversion at nuclear power plants (NPP) using reversible fuel cells (RFC). The RFC can ensure the NPP the baseline electrical load through hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, as well as an increase in its maneuverability due to generation of peak electricity. The calculations have shown that at the current stage of technological advancements, the use of RFCs in terms of achievable efficiency of off-peak electricity conversion has advantages over the hydrogen power complex which utilizes an additional steam turbine to generate peak electricity. The achievable advantage equals 2.84-4.25% and 7.72-11.58% at the RFC efficiency in the mode of peak power generation of 50% and 60%, respectively, which is 5.1-7.66 MW and 13.9-20.85 MW more than the generated peak electricity. It should be noted that an increase in the electrolysis mode efficiency facilitates the RFC advantages – from 24.44 to 36.65% and from 29.32 to 43.98% respectively. The use of the "cold" combustion technology for hydrogen fuel ensures not only high efficiency, but also reliability and safety of the hydrogen power complex operation
Modeling the Air Flow Cooling Process and Determining the Geometric Dimensions of the GASK Model
Authors: Zaychenko I V , Sokolova V S , Gordin S A , Bazheryanu V V
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the calculation of the parameters of the air flow cooling process and the determination of the geometrical dimensions of a model of a gas-jet apparatus of a special design with a gas flow bifurcation (GASK). The article discusses the device and the principle of operation of the GASK, calculates the dependences of temperature on the pressure drop, gas flow rate on the gas pressure ratio. The calculated parameters of the process under consideration and the geometric dimensions of the GASK are given.
Compensation Gyrocompass Based on MEMS
Authors: Bogolyubov V , Bakhtieva L
Published: November 2021

The study of an astatic compensating gyrocompass, built on the basis of a modulation micromechanical gyroscope (MMG) of a hybrid type, has been carried out. A kinematic diagram is given and the principle of operation of the device has describing. The device uses the modulation principle based on obtaining information about the angular motion of the rotor and creating control torques in a rotating coordinate system, which makes it possible to exclude such a significant disadvantage of MMG as "zero offset". A feature of the gyrocompass under consideration is the use of two channels for controlling the rotor of the MMG, namely: a channel for the formation of a guiding moment, striving to combine its main axis with the direction of the true meridian and a channel for compensating this guiding moment. A linearized mathematical model has building, on the base of which an effective algorithm for the operation of a compensatory astatic gyrocompass is proposed. The device under consideration can be used to determine the true azimuth of the longitudinal axis of a mobile ground object, it has a higher measurement speed compared to devices built on three-degree "heavy" gyroscopes, and has good resistance to external influences (vibrations, shocks, etc.).
Stress Evaluation in the Blank Critical Region During Extrusion of the Pipe Blank into the Hole
Authors: Maryin S B , Andrianov I K , Chernomas V V
Published: November 2021

The study assessed the stress state of the pipe blank in the process of extrusion into the hole. A finite element formulation of the research problem with the setting of boundary conditions in displacements and surface loading conditions is presented. The calculation of the workpiece was carried out in an elastic formulation using the Nastran engineering analysis application. The assessment of the stress state in the critical region is presented in two approximations with a thickening of the grid in the stress focus area. Based on the results of the distribution of equivalent stresses, an assessment of the unevenness of the stressed state of the workpiece was carried out. The presented study is important because it allows us to predict the appearance of defects in the process of forming a pipe billet during extrusion into a hole, to evaluate the power loading mode.
Research of a Fractal Microstrip Antenna Based on the Modified Minkowski Curve of the Second Iteration
Authors: Smirnova M M , Statsenko L G , Mirgorodskaya Yu V , Klescheva N A , Bernavskaya M V
Published: November 2021

Evolving telecommunications systems require modern antennas with improved performance. The creation of miniature antennas with a high gain, multi-band properties and defined polarization is an urgent task. New challenges in the reception and emission of electromagnetic waves are being solved in different ways. The use of fractals in the construction of antennas is becoming widespread. This article presents the results of a study of fractal microstrip antenna of the second iteration based on the Minkowski geometry. The main parameters such as the reflection coefficient, directivity and efficiency are described. Resonance frequencies and directional patterns at these frequencies as well as bandwidths are shown. Conclusions concerning the possibility of using this type of antenna in various applications are drawn.
The signature of the quadratic generalized uncertainty principle on the newtonian gravity and galaxy mass profile
Authors: Apryandi F , Belfaqih I H , Sulaksono A
Published: November 2021

In this study, we discuss the corrections implies by the presence of the general uncertainty principle (GUP) on Newton’s law of gravity by virtue of Verlinde’s proposal. We argue here that GUP leads to twofold modification, namely on the equipartition theorem and the holographic relation (Bekenstein-Hawking formula). Hence, following Verlinde’s proposal, we obtain quantum corrections term to the Newtonian gravity. In addition, we also report the quantum corrected mass profile of the galaxy. We restricted our derivation to first order in the GUP’s free parameter and compared it analytically with the other relevant works.
Analysis of physics textbook reviewed from the aspects of scientific literacy in the Bandung city
Authors: Sahriani S , Samsudin A , Sinaga P
Published: November 2021

The skills that students must possess in 21st century learning are to prepare scientific literacy. This study aims to determine the ability of scientific literacy in the XI grade physics textbook used in Bandung senior high school. This research is a descriptive study that aims to obtain information about developing scientific literacy skills in the three textbooks used. The results showed that the three books did not fully contain the categories of scientific literacy with the average appearance of the categories for the three books of 44% for the knowledge of science, 31% for science as the investigative nature of science, 18% for science as a way of thinking, and 7% for the interaction between science, technology and society. It was concluded that the textbooks used were not optimal in facilitating all aspects of students’ scientific literacy in a balanced manner. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as a basis for designing and developing physics textbooks needed to improve students’ scientific literacy skills.
Development physics representational fluency instrument test of electrostatic concept
Authors: Handayani W , Masrifah M
Published: November 2021

Physics representational fluency instrument test of electrostatic concept have been developed. The instrument’s form of multiple-choice that consist of 20 item electrostatic in physics context to assess pre-service physics teachers’ representational fluency. The test includes four component of representational fluency: constructing single representation, constructing multiple representation, translating between representation and reviewing single representation. Representational fluency test is developed using Design and Development Research (DDR) method with four phases consists of analysis, design, development, and evaluation. Validation the structure of the test is consulted with a member of expert academic staff in the field of physics education. After design test and expert review, the test was implemented with 57 pre-service physics teacher. From 20 item of representational fluency test there was 15 item of the test is valid and reliable.
Enhancing conceptual understanding via Diffraction Grating Innovative Media (DIAGRAM)
Authors: Laurenty F , Sulsilah H , Amin A M , Samsudin A , Rusdiana D
Published: November 2021

Diffraction grating innovative media (DIAGRAM) is a physics experimental tool that can be implemented in the learning of diffraction grating material. This research endeavored to analyse students’ conceptual understanding on diffraction grating material after using the diffraction grating innovative media (DIAGRAM). Pre-experimental design was used as the method in this research with one-group pretest-posttest as the design and 10 female students and 1 male students from three schools in Indonesia which are in Banjaran, Pamarayan and Makassar participated. Starting from interpretation test using multiple choices test consisting of 8 questions and using google form, the stage then carried out learning activity utilizing the DIAGRAM and given a posttest in the end of the class. At the last data had been analysed by N-Gain. The come about of this consider were gotten by students’ increment in high category which is 0,73. To sum up, diffraction grating innovative media (DIAGRAM) can make enhancement of senior high school students’ conceptual understanding in diffraction grating material.
Enhancing scientific argumentation skill through partnership comprehensive literacy
Authors: Hadianto D , Damaianti V S , Mulyati Y , Sastromiharjo A
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the use of Partnership Comprehensive Literacy (PCL) as a reading strategy to support reading in science and to explore the level of students’ Scientific argument. Partnership Comprehensive Literacy consist of 4 components that address the topic of the reading activity: the statements of the content, what I think, what the texts say, and evidence of the text. This study uses a mix method to identify and improve students’ scientific argumentation skills. The instrument used is a set of questions about electricity and magnetism. In addition, the argument level rubric instrument that contains argument components is used to analyse the level of students’ scientific arguments. The participants of this study were 40 college students consisting of 25 females and 15 males in the department of physics education taking a course in the fundamental of physics. The findings revealed that the students’ level argument was dominated by the use of Claim-Reasoning-Evidence (CRE). In addition, students evaluated that the use of PCL in reading activity as being challenging but an interesting process because they have to find the evidence in the texts to support their statements of what I think.
Implementation of higher order thinking laboratory (HOTLAB) on magnetic field with real blended virtual laboratory to improve students critical thinking skills
Authors: Setya W , Agustina R D , Putra R P , Prihatini S , Hidayatulloh R , Isnaeni P S , Malik A
Published: November 2021

The 21st century demands critical thinking skills, problem solving, and communication skills, so physics education students must be prepared to have these skills in the current industrial 4.0 era. These skills can be trained and developed through Higher Order Thinking Laboratory (HOT-LAB) activities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the HOT-LAB laboratory type on the improvement of critical thinking skills on the concept of magnetic fields. This research uses One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The instrument uses questions of practical understanding and understanding of 10 questions. The results of data analysis showed that the average N-Gain score for the experimental class was 45.3 and the control class was 35.7. The use of HOTLAB in a real blended virtual laboratory has moderate effectiveness to improve Critical Thinking Skills on the subject of magnetic field.
The effect of the STEM approach with the formative assessment in PBL on students’ problem solving skills on fluid static topic
Authors: Parno  , Kusairi S , Wahyuni D R , Ali M
Published: November 2021

The use of problem-based learning with STEM and formative assessment (PBL-STEM-FA) to overcome the weakness in students’ problem solving skills (PSS) is still limited. This research investigates the effect of PBL-STEM-FA in students’ PSS in the topic of fluid static. This research uses the pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design, and involves the research subject of class XI high school students in Malang, Indonesia. Experiment class’ students make engineering products in the form of miniature boats. The PSS test instrument with 0.799 reliability were used in this study. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, Hake-gain, and Cohen-effect. The results showed that students of PBL-STEM-FA class had significantly higher PSS and N-gain than students of PBL class. The highest raise occurred in the Useful Description indicator and hydrostatic pressure subtopic for the Experiment class; and Useful Description indicator and surface tension subtopic for Comparison class. But, the two classes had the same lowest raise, namely in the Mathematical Procedures indicator and capillaries subtopic. The effect size at 0.651-medium category implies that the implementation of PBL-STEM-FA is recommended to be carried out in the field to increase students’ PSS. It is recommended that future studies add an “Art” aspect to the STEM approach.
The analysis of the 2019 annular solar eclipse with simple instruments for developing student worksheet
Authors: Asmoro C P , Achmad A R
Published: November 2021

The annular solar eclipse occurred when the Earth-Moon-Sun position aligned in the same line where the angular diameter of the moon is smaller than the angular diameter of the sun due to the moon is on the farthest distance with respect to the earth. The event was observed on 26 December 2019 at Siak Regency, Province of Riau, Indonesia. Based on that event observation, the sun is gradually covered by the moon until the peak event where the sun is completely covered and showing “ring of fire”. All stages of eclipse are captured as images from DSLR camera that been attached into telescope with specific filter as well as illumination determination from observation location using lux meter during the event. This study explained how to get the information from solar eclipse images available by using image-processing software namely ImageJ so it can be used as a student worksheet. The plotting of both pixel area-time graph and illumination-time graph of this study shows a similar trend. Therefore, the data acquired in this study is obtained well so it can be used as a student worksheet in the Astronomical Position lecture based on the actual phenomenon with a simple instrument for observation.
Development of questionnaire instrument to assess students’ transformative competencies in science learning
Authors: Rusyati L , Rustaman N Y , Widodo A , Ha M
Published: November 2021

According to the OECD Education 2030 project, students in every country need to be ready as agents of change in the future. Three transformative competencies (Creating New Value, Reconciling Tensions and Dilemmas, Taking Responsibility) which are expected to develop students’ awareness, responsibility and innovation are used as focus of this study. A descriptive research for developing a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the transformative competencies was conducted to investigate these competencies of junior high school students in Indonesia. It consists of 39 statements with a 5 Likert scale representing each transformative competency. A total of 445 students from 10 schools representing five provinces participated which consisted of students from 7th grade (222), 8th grade (91), and 9th grade (132) with the proportion of male (174) and female (271) students. The questionnaire was distributed on-line in sequence. The analysis results in that the questionnaire has a high reliability index of 0.96 for Cronbach’s Alpha (IBM SPSS Statistics 25), 0.94 for Person Reliability and 0.97 for Item Reliability (Winsteps Rasch Model) and good validity index for all items in the questionnaire, because the calculated r value is greater than the r table value. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). In general, students’ responses are on a “fairly typical of me” scale, except for TC4 statement “I can offer new solutions when there are problems while studying science”, which is “not very typical of me”. These results provide opportunities for further study to increase student creativity in science learning.
Human development index modelling in South Kalimantan province using panel regression
Authors: Istiqhomah M , Salam N , Lestia A S
Published: November 2021

Human development is a paradigm and becomes the focus and target of all development activities. Development is a way to improve welfare and a better quality of life. The Human Development Index (HDI) is one indicator to measure the success of a development. The purpose of this research is to describe the factors that are thought to influence HDI in South Kalimantan Province, estimate the parameters of the HDI panel regression model, and determine the best model. The data of this research is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of South Kalimantan Province with a period from 2015-2018. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that the Fixed Effect Model with the time effect is the best model of the HDI panel regression in South Kalimantan Province with an R-Squared value of 99,81.
A note on almost prime submodule of CSM module over principal ideal domain
Authors: Wardhana I G A W , Nghiem N D H , Switrayni N W , Aini Q
Published: November 2021

An almost prime submodule is a generalization of prime submodule introduced in 2011 by Khashan. This algebraic structure was brought from an algebraic structure in ring theory, prime ideal, and almost prime ideal. This paper aims to construct similar properties of prime ideal and almost prime ideal from ring theory to module theory. The problem that we want to eliminate is the multiplication operation, which is missing in module theory. We use the definition of module annihilator to bridge the gap. This article gives some properties of the prime submodule and almost prime submodule of CMS module over a principal ideal domain. A CSM module is a module that every cyclic submodule. One of the results is that the idempotent submodule is an almost prime submodule.
Balikpapan’s wind analysis to determine air quality monitoring point to support smart environment monitoring system
Authors: Faisal M , Endrawati B F , Rahendaputri C S
Published: November 2021

In this industrial era, air pollution become a concerning problem since it can cause some respiratory problems. One of the air pollutions was Sulphur dioxide which dilutes fast in atmospheric water vapor resulting in acid rain which can affect the organism. Thus, in this research, we study the probability of the receptor’s location according to wind direction, as the preliminary information on deciding monitoring point. The meteorological data were obtained from Balikpapan’s Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics. The wind data was then plotted using a wind rose plot program called WRPLOT. Afterward, the dominant wind speed and direction will then be analyzed using google earth to know which point will be affected by the pollution dispersion from the chimney in Balikpapan. The results show that wind in Balikpapan throughout 2020 mostly blew from Southwest to Northeast Direction. Thus, the most probable receptor locations were open green spaces with no settlement around. This will have less impact on human health. Nevertheless, further research can be conducted to know better the on-air dispersion model around the power plant, how the green plant will be suffered from this air pollution, and how this pollution will affect the workers around it.
Determining implicit equation of conic section from quadratic rational Bézier curve using Gröbner basis
Authors: Anwar Y R , Tasman H , Hariadi N
Published: November 2021

The Gröbner Basis is a subset of finite generating polynomials in the ideal of the polynomial ringk[x1,…,xn]. The Gröbner basis has a wide range of applications in various areas of mathematics, including determining implicit polynomial equations. The quadratic rational Bézier curve is a rational parametric curve that is generated by three control pointsP0(x0,y0),P1(xi,yi),P2(x2,y2) in ℝ2and weightsω0,ω1,ω2, where the weightsωiare corresponding to control pointsPi(xi, yi), fori= 0,1, 2. According to Cox et al (2007), the quadratic rational Bézier curve can represent conic sections, such as parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, and circle, by defining the weightsω0=ω2= 1 andω1=ωfor any control pointsP0(x0,y0),P1(x1,y1), andP2(x2,y2). This research is aimed to obtain an implicit polynomial equation of the quadratic rational Bézier curve using the Gröbner basis. The polynomial coefficients of the conic section can be expressed in the term of control pointsP0(x0,y0),P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2) and weightω, using Wolfram Mathematica. This research also analyzes the effect of changes in weightωon the shape of the conic section. It shows that parabola, hyperbola, and ellipse can be formed by definingω= 1,ω> 1, and 0 <ω< 1, respectively.
Comparison of short runs control chart and T2 Hotelling control chart for monitoring sunergy glass production process
Authors: Qori’atunnadyah M , Wibawati  , Udiatami W M , Ahsan M , Khusna H
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the manufacturing industry has tended to reduce mass production and produce in small quantities, which is called “Short Run Production”. In such a situation, the course of the production process is short, usually, the number of productions is less than 50. Therefore, a control chart for the short run production process is required. This paper discusses the comparison between multivariate control chart for short run production (V control chart) and T2Hotelling control chart applied to sunergy glass data. Furthermore, a simulation of Average Run Length (ARL) was carried out to determine the performance of the two control charts. The results obtained are that the production process has not been statistically controlled using either the V control chart or the T2Hotelling control chart. The number of out-of-control on the control chart V using the the EWMA test is more than the T2Hotelling control chart. Based on the ARL value, it shows that the V control chart is more sensitive than the T2Hotelling control chart.
Implementation of mamdani fuzzy implication in predicting traffic volume and duration of green lights on an intersection
Authors: Suprayogi A , Rosyida I , Wiyanti D T , Safaatullah M.F
Published: November 2021

Traffic congestion at an intersection could be caused by the volume of vehicles that exceed the road capacity, the duration of the green light that is fixed, and so on. The volume of vehicles per unit time at an intersection cannot be known with certainty. Therefore, we need to predict it using fuzzy logic, specifically the Mamdani fuzzy implications. The problems are as follows: how are the input variables to be analyzed with Mamdani fuzzy implications; how are the prediction results, and how is the accuracy based on MAPE. The case study was conducted at two intersections in Semarang City. The tests were carried out using Matlab and manual calculations. The input variables in traffic volume prediction are MC, LV, HV, and time. While the input in the prediction of the duration of the green light is the number of motorcycles and cars. Based on the predictions, there are 74 vehicles (per hour) at the Kaligarang intersection in the east-north direction, there are 111 vehicles at the Kariadi intersection in the south-north direction, and the predictions are good and very accurate (measured by MAPE). The duration of the green light at the Kaligarang intersection on the west approach is 86 seconds, the duration on the Kariadi intersection on the north approach is 81 seconds, and the predictions are good and very accurate.
Forecasting approach for solar power based on weather parameters (Case study: East Kalimantan)
Authors: Hasanah P , Wiradinata S A , Azka M
Published: November 2021

Solar Energy is the most popular among several clean energies. As a tropical country, Indonesia has big opportunity to develop solar power, particularly in East Kalimantan which spans around the equator. Solar energy generation, however, is influenced by weather parameters which give uncertain values of the amount of the captured energy. Therefore, this research is conducted to overcome the effect of weather towards solar energy. The aim of this research is to examine the model for sun power forecasting based on the data. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regression have taken as the approach models to determine energy forecasting. This study used five input variables; temperature, precipitation level, humidity, wind speed, and surface pressure, while the solar radiation was taken as the output variable. Moreover, the daily solar power and weather data from East Kalimantan has been taken along the period of 27th July 2018 – 28th July 2021. The result of this study showed that the RMSE of ANN was slightly similar with the multiple linear regression methods which were calculated by 160.26 and 160.46 respectively. However, the ANN is preferable to use in the solar energy forecasting since the tendency of nonlinearity of the climate data.
The diachromatic number of double star graph
Authors: Kusumastuti Nilamsari , Raventino  , Fran Fransiskus
Published: November 2021

We are interested in the extension for the concept of complete colouring for oriented graph

G
→

that has been proposed in many different notions by several authors (Edwards, Sopena, and Araujo-Pardo in 2013, 2014, and 2018, respectively). An oriented colouring is complete if for every ordered pair of colours, at least one arc in

G
→

whose endpoints are coloured with these colours. The diachromatic number, dac

(

G
→

)

, is the greatest number of colours in a complete oriented colouring. In this paper, we establish the formula of diachromatic numbers for double star graph,

k

1
,
n
,
n

→

, over all possible orientations on the graph. In particular, if din
(u) = 0 (resp. dout(u) = 0)and din
(wi
) = 1 (resp. dout
(w
1) = 1) for all i, then dac

(

k

1
,
n
,
n

→

)
=

⌊

n

⌋

+
1

, where u is the internal vertex and w

i
, i ∈ {1,…, n}, is the pendant vertices of the digraph.
Solving transportation problem using modified ASM method
Authors: Nopiyana  , Affandi P , Lestia A S
Published: November 2021

Transportation problems are related to activities aimed at minimizing the cost of distributing goods from a source to a destination. One of the methods used to solve transportation problems is the ASM Method as a method capable of producing optimal direct solutions without having to determine the initial basic feasible solution first. Determination of the allocation of goods in the ASM Method uses a reduced cost of 0 by calculating the maximum amount in the allocation of goods. Then the ASM method is modified so that the iteration used is simpler in obtaining the optimal direct solution without calculating the maximum number of row and column elements. The method is called Modified ASM Method. This method also provides more optimal results than the ASM method. This research aimed to solve transportation problems using the Modified ASM method to produce optimal solutions directly. The research procedure identifies and forms a model of transportation problems (variable decisions, objective functions and constraint functions), identifies types of transportation problems (balanced or unbalanced), and obtains direct solutions by solving transportation problems using the Modified ASM method. This research shows that the Modified ASM method successfully solves the problem of balanced and unbalanced transportation by producing optimal solutions in a simpler way than the ASM method.