bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
α‐ZnO Manipulated Growth of Ag Gird on AgNWs Enables High Conductive Flexible Electrode for Large‐Area Monolithic Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Tianyu , Ismail Irfan , Qian Fan , Zhang Lianping , Yang Shutao , Zhang Xiaoke , Yan Lingpeng , Han Yunfei , Luo Qun , Yang Yongzhen , Ma Chang‐Qi
Published: January 2025

The conductivity of AgNWs electrodes can be enhanced by incorporating Ag grids, thereby facilitating the development of large‐area flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs). Ag grids from vacuum evaporation offer the advantages of simple film formation, adjustable thickness, and unique structure. However, the complex 3D multi‐component structure of AgNWs electrodes will exacerbate the aggregation of large Ag particles, causing the device short circuits. To address this issue, the relationship between the surface energy of modification layers and the morphology and conductivity of ultrathin Ag on AgNWs is studied. The amorphous ZnO (α‐ZnO) layer promotes Ag growth from Volmer–Weber (VW) to Frank–Van der Merwe (FM), reducing particle aggregation. The 1 µm thick PET/AgNWs/Ag grid electrode with α‐ZnO exhibited low contact resistance and high conductivity. As a result, 1 cm2 FOSCs with Ag grids achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.01%. As the area increased to 4 and 9 cm2, the performance of the monolithic FOSCs is 14.70% and 12.69%, showing less efficiency loss during upscaling. The 8 and 16 cm2 modules constructed by series and parallel connection of the monolithic devices yield PCEs of 14.47% and 12.92%, respectively. This study offers valuable insights into constructing Ag grids on AgNWs electrodes for highly efficient large‐area FOSCs.
A Baicalin‐Based Functional Polymer in Dynamic Reversible Networks Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Cellular Interactions
Authors: Yang Yili , Hu Qinxiao , Shao Qingfeng , Peng Yachen , Yu Bo , Luo Fangji , Chen Jiajing , Xu Chenhao , Li Zhenyan , Tam Manseng , Ju Zhenyu , Zhang Ronghua , Xing Feiyue , Zha Zhengang , Zhang Huan‐Tian
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognized as a whole‐organ disease predominantly affecting the elderly, characterized by typical alterations in subchondral bone and cartilage, along with recurrent synovial inflammation. Despite the availability of various therapeutics and medications, a complete resolution of OA remains elusive. In this study, novel functional hydrogels are developed by integrating natural bioactive molecules for OA treatment. Specifically, baicalin (Bai) is combined with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) to form a polymerizable monomer (HEA‐Bai) through esterification, which is subjected to reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to produce Bai‐based polymer (Pm). These macromolecules are incorporated into Schiff‐base hydrogels, which demonstrate excellent mechanical properties and self‐healing performance. Notably, the Bai‐based formulations are taken up by fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs), where they regulate glycolysis. Mechanistically, inhibition of yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) by the formulations suppressed the FLSs glycolysis and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, including interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and IL‐8. Furthermore, the functional hydrogel (AG‐Pm)‐OC, severing as a lubricant and nutrient, prolonged joint retention of Bai, thereby reducing cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Meanwhile, (AG‐Pm)‐OC alleviated joint pain by targeting the YAP1 signaling and inhibiting macrophage recruitment and polarization. Taken together, this flavonoid‐based injectable hydrogel exhibits enhanced biocompatibility and efficacy against OA.
Gaudichaudione H Enhances the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Disulfidptosis via Regulating NRF2‐SLC7A11 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shi Mengjiao , Li Xinyan , Guo Ying , Zhang Yinggang , Xu Jiayi , Yan Liangwen , Liu Rongrong , Wang Hong , Tang Shenkang , Zhao Yaping , Li Zongfang , Feng Yetong , Ren Dongmei , Liu Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Gaudichaudione H (GH) is a naturally occurring small molecular compound derived from Garcinia oligantha Merr. (Clusiaceae), but the full pharmacological functions remain unclear. Herein, the potential of GH in disulfidptosis regulation, a novel form of programmed cell death induced by disulfide stress is explored. The omics results indicated that NRF2 signaling could be significantly activated by GH. The potential targets are associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and cell death. Moreover, both glutathione (GSH) metabolism and NADP+‐NADPH metabolism are affected by GH, indicating the potential in disulfidptosis regulation. It is also observed that GH enhanced the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to disulfidptosis, which is dependent on the activation of NRF2‐SLC7A11 pathway. GH significantly increased the levels of NRF2 and promoted the transcription of NRF2 target gene, SLC7A11, through autophagy‐mediated non‐canonical mechanism. Under the condition of glucose starvation, GH‐induced upregulation of SLC7A11 aggravated uptake of cysteine, disturbance of GSH synthesis, depletion of NADPH, and accumulation of disulfide molecules, ultimately leading to the formation of disulfide bonds between different cytoskeleton proteins and disulfidptosis eventually. Collectively, the findings underscore the potential role of GH in promoting cancer cell disulfidptosis, thereby offering a promising avenue for the treatment of drug‐resistant HCC in clinical settings.
CTB6 Confers Cold Tolerance at the Booting Stage by Maintaining Tapetum Development in Rice
Authors: Gao Shilei , Li Jin , Zeng Yawen , Li Huahui , Guo Zhenhua , Guo Haifeng , Zhang Meng , Gu Yunsong , Su Runbin , Ye Wei , Zou Andong , Sun Xingming , Zhang Zhanying , Zhang Hongliang , Guo Yongmei , Ma Wendong , Yuan Pingrong , Li Zichao , Li Jinjie
Published: January 2025

Rice is highly sensitive to cold stress, particularly at the booting stage, which significantly threatens rice production. In this study, we cloned a gene, CTB6, encoding a lipid transfer protein involved in cold tolerance at the booting stage in rice, based on our previous fine‐mapped quantitative trait locus (QTL) qCTB10‐2. CTB6 is mainly expressed in the tapetum and young microspores of the anther. CTB6 interacts with catalases (CATs) to maintain their stability, thereby scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in anthers and facilitating tapetum development under cold stress conditions. Additionally, CTB6 has lipid‐binding ability and affects the lipid content in anthers to regulate cold tolerance at the booting stage. Haplotype analysis and promoter activity assay revealed a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐489 variation in the promoter of CTB6, which enhances its expression and results in improved cold tolerance in Hap1‐K varieties. The CTB6 near‐isogenic line (NIL) exhibited enhanced cold tolerance at the booting stage, with no significant effects on other agronomic traits. Our findings uncover a natural variation of CTB6 for cold tolerance at the booting stage and provide new genetic resources for cold tolerance breeding in rice.
Multiple Enzymes Expressed by the Gut Microbiota Can Transform Typhaneoside and Are Associated with Improving Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Xu Hui , Feng Ru , Ye Meng‐Liang , Hu Jia‐Chun , Lu Jin‐Yue , Wang Jing‐Yue , Zuo Heng‐Tong , Zhao Yi , Song Jian‐Ye , Jiang Jian‐Dong , Zhou Yun‐Zhi , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

The mechanism of multiple enzymes mediated drug metabolism in gut microbiota is still unclear. This study explores multiple enzyme interaction process of typhactyloside (TYP) with gut microbiota and its lipid‐lowering pharmacological activity. TYP, with bioavailability of only 2.78%, is an active component of Typha angustifolia L. and Pushen capsules which is clinically treated for hyperlipidemia. The metabolic process of TYP is identified, and key enzymes involved in TYP metabolism are validated through gene knockout and overexpression techniques. Through overexpressing α‐rhamnosidase (Rha) in Escherichia coli, TYP is verified to metabolize into isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin (M1) and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (M2) after removing rhamnose through Rha. Besides, knockout of β‐glucosidase (Glu) confirms that TYP generates M3 through Glu after removing glucose. Combined with molecular docking, M3 is transformed to generate 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (M4), protocatechuic acid (M5), and 3‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (M6) through flavonoid reductase (Flr) and chalcone isomerase (Chi). In conclusion, multiple enzymes involved in TYP metabolism (Rha/Glu→Flr→Chi) are identified. Through in vivo experiments, combined use of M3 and M5 also shows excellent anti‐hyperlipidemia efficacy. This is the first study on complex metabolism mechanism and pharmacological activity of natural flavonoids mediated by multiple enzymes, which provide insight to investigate analogous natural products.
Temporal and Spatial Metabolic Shifts Revealing the Transition from Ulcerative Colitis to Colitis‐Associated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Ruiqi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhao Xian , Tang Tian , Cao Yuepeng , Yang Liu , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zunjian , Zhang Pei , Xu Fengguo
Published: January 2025

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the metabolic shifts during the UC‐to‐CRC transition remain elusive. In this study, an AOM‐DSS‐induced three‐stage colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model is constructed and targeted metabolomics analysis and pathway enrichment are performed, uncovering the metabolic changes in this transition. Spatial metabolic trajectories in the “normal‐to‐normal adjacent tissue (NAT)‐to‐tumor” transition, and temporal metabolic trajectories in the “colitis‐to‐dysplasia‐to‐carcinoma” transition are identified through K‐means clustering of 74 spatially and 77 temporally differential metabolites, respectively. The findings reveal two distinct metabolic profile categories during the inflammation‐to‐cancer progression: those with consistent changes, either increasing (e.g., kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid) or decreasing (e.g., long‐chain fatty acids, LCFAs), and those enriched at specific disease stages (e.g., serotonin). Further analysis of metabolites with consistent temporal trends identifies eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as a key metabolite, potentially exerting anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects by inhibiting insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). This study reveals novel metabolic mechanisms underlying the transition from UC to CAC and suggests potential targets to delay the progression.
Nanodrugs Targeting Key Factors of Ferroptosis Regulation for Enhanced Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Dong , Pan Yanli , Chen Wenzhe , He Du , Qi Weihui , Chen Jiali , Yuan Wenhua , Yang Yimin , Chen Di , Wang Pinger , Jin Hongting
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a globally prevalent degenerative joint disease. Recent studies highlight the role of ferroptosis in OA progression. Targeting ferroptosis regulation presents a promising therapeutic strategy for OA; however, current research primarily focuses on single targets associated with ferroptosis. In this study, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive nanoparticle is developed by linking deferasirox (DEF) and pterostilbene (PTE) with thioketal and incorporating cerium ions (Ce), creating Ce@D&P nanoparticles (NPs), which offer multitarget regulation of ferroptosis. The characteristics of Ce@D&P NPs are evaluated and their therapeutic effects on IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes are verified. Results show that Ce@D&P NPs reduce ROS levels, mitigate inflammation, chelate iron to inhibit ferroptosis, and balance extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in chondrocytes. Mechanistically, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses suggest that Ce@D&P NPs exerted their effects by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in chondrocytes. To better treat destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)‐induced OA in mice, Ce@D&P NPs via intra‐articular injection are delivered. The results show that Ce@D&P NPs alleviate cartilage matrix damage and slow OA progression. Overall, the findings indicate that Ce@D&P NPs represent a promising multitarget drug delivery system, and Ce@D&P NPs may be an effective strategy for OA treatment.
2D Perovskite Heterojunction‐Based Self‐Powered Polarized Photodetectors with Controllable Polarization Ratio Enabled by Ferro‐Pyro‐Phototronic Effect
Authors: Yang Xiaoran , Zhou Binyi , Guo Meitong , Liu Yao , Cong Ridong , Li Leipeng , Wu Wenqiang , Wang Shufang , Guo Linjuan , Pan Caofeng , Yang Zheng
Published: January 2025

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are commonly used in polarization‐sensitive photodetectors (PDs) for applications such as polarization imaging, remote sensing, and optical communication. Although various methods exist to adjust the polarization‐sensitive photocurrent, a universal and effective approach for continuous control of MHPs’ optoelectronic and polarized properties is lacking. A universal strategy to electrically modulate the polarization ratio (PR) of self‐powered polarized PDs using the ferro‐pyro‐phototronic effect (FPPE) in 2D perovskites is presented. By varying the amplitude and direction of ferroelectric polarization voltage, the built‐in electric field in the heterojunction can be modulated, allowing for controllable PR regulation and adjustable polarization characteristics. Moreover, the polarized pyroelectric photoresponses are realized, significantly enhancing the responsivity, response speed of the polarized PDs. Both the pyroelectric currents and photocurrents exhibit obvious polarization characteristics. This method's versatility is demonstrated by creating three additional quasi‐2D MHP ferroelectric‐based polarized‐sensitive PDs. A proof‐of‐concept for encrypted optical communication is achieved using the UV‐sensitive PDs as light‐sensing units. These findings highlight FPPE's potential to enhance ferroelectric device polarization control, enabling high‐performance and self‐powered polarization photodetection.
Impurity Impacts of Recycling NMC Cathodes
Authors: Meng Zifei , Ma Xiaotu , Hou Jiahui , Zheng Yadong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

The skyrocketing demands for electric vehicles cause large quantities of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and pressure on the global supply chain, leading to raw materials shortages and cost increases. In LIBs, LiNixMnyCozO2(NMC) cathodes are one of the major cathode materials. Thus, recycling NMC cathodes from spent lithium‐ion batteries is emerging because they contain abundant valuable materials, which can be considered unique “mineral” sources. Impurities are one of the main concerns for introducing recovered materials back into new battery manufacture because impurities are typically considered to impair the properties of recovered materials. However, some impurities can beneficially act as dopants or coatings. To comprehensively understand the effects of different impurities and treat impurities properly, this review summarizes the origin and species of possible impurities which can be introduced during different pretreatment processes, analyzes the methods to remove impurities, and discusses the effects of impurities on the regeneration process and recovered materials. This work also outlines future perspectives for fundamental research about impurities and relevant challenges of the recycling industry, helps academia and manufacturers to create new impurity standards of recovered cathode materials, and suggests opportunities for achieving a circular economy for the lithium‐ion batteries industry.
A Case Study of a Female Infant With Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Demonstrates That Early Initiation of Celecoxib Slows but Does Not Prevent Symptom Progression
Authors: Zehr Kara , Buckley Morgan , Owens Joshua W. , Vanagunas Tomas , Fernandez Patricia Vega , Hopkin Robert J. , Shillington Amelle
Published: January 2025

Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (PHOAR1) is characterized by autosomal recessive loss of function variants in 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) leading to digital clubbing, periostosis, pachydermia, and severe hyperhidrosis. HPGD catalyzes the first step of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) degradation. Selective COX‐2 inhibitors have proved beneficial in adults, though it is unknown if early initiation of COX‐2 inhibitors can alter the natural history of PHOAR1. This individual was diagnosed with PHOAR1 at 3.5 months of age due to homozygous HPGD c.218‐1G>A variants. At presentation, she had a diffuse erythematous rash secondary to hyperhidrosis, mild symmetric clubbing of her fingertips, and mildly decreased mobility of her knees and wrists. By 20 months of age, she had more significant clubbing, mild flexion contractures, joint pain, and fatigue. She started celecoxib at 26 months of age. ResultsAfter 7 months of celecoxib, she had stable digital clubbing, improved hyperhidrosis and contractures, and resolution of her joint pain and fatigue. COX‐2 inhibition appears to be a safe and effective intervention in young children with PHOAR1. More investigation is needed to assess safety and long‐term impact on the natural history of PHOAR1 after COX‐2 inhibition is initiated in early childhood.
Significance of Industry 4.0 in Achieving Sustainable Performance Across Supply Chains—A Research Perspective
Authors: Govardhan Snehal , Narkhede Balkrishna Eknath , Raut Rakesh D. , Zhang Linda L. , Ghoshal Sudishna
Published: January 2025

The enabling technologies in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) are leading to dramatic transformations of supply chains and helping organizations achieve sustainable development goals. With ever‐increasing pressure from regulators and customers to adopt environment‐friendly business practices, achieving sustainable development goals has become critical for any organization. Thus, the seamless deployment of various enabling technologies in I4.0 is vital for managing and enhancing sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP). Adopting enabling technologies across supply chains and their implications on sustainable performance is an emerging area that needs extensive academic research and lasting attention from the practice. This paper examines the adoption of I4.0's digital technologies in the context of SSCP. Bibliometric literature review (SLR) methodology and bibliometric analysis are conducted to analyze the existing literature in SSCP. Moreover, cocitation network analysis and coword analysis are carried out to determine different themes of the literature. Integrating I4.0's enabling technologies is indispensable for enhancing supply chains' social, economic, and environmental performance. The conceptual framework proposed for realizing SSCP based on the I4.0's enabling technologies is a novel contribution. It encompasses competitive advantages, supply chain strategies, and all three aspects of sustainability across a supply chain. This study suggests a framework that contributes to SSCP by adopting I4.0's enabling technologies. Moreover, it identifies a future scope for quantitative research on the contribution of particular I4.0 technologies in dimensions of sustainable supply chains.
Sustainable Equity Index Dynamic: Connectedness and Information Asymmetry in Emerging Markets
Authors: Bhue Rajesh , Gartia Umakanta , Panda Ajaya Kumar , Nanda Swagatika
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study is to investigate the evidence of information asymmetry, dynamic connectedness, and volatility spillover among ESG equity indices of emerging market economies. Using Sign bias test and GARCH family models, the study finds that ESG equity indices have a leverage effect, significantly impacted by bad news over good news shock. The study has used FIGARCH model to measure the persistence of long‐memory effects across the emerging market. Further, to ensure the interconnection between ESG equity indices that may arise due to the persistence of long‐memory effects, the stusy has examined estimates of TVP‐VAR, and finds moderate interconnection between ESG equity indices. To be specific, ESG equity indices of the Philippines, Indonesia, Korea, Singapore, and India are more sensitive to receiving any sustainable innovation shocks from Brazil, South Africa, and Mexican ESG indices. The study finds significant bidirectional relationships between the ESG equity indices of “Philippines and Brazil,” “Indonesia and India,” and “South Africa and Mexico” that may lead to the spreading of market contagion in the presence of more substantial leverage effects with a long memory. This research offers insights for investors to consider sustainable equity assets for efficient portfolio diversification, mitigating environmental, social, and governance risks associated with volatility spillovers and dynamic connectedness. Policymakers may refer the findings of the study to design effective ESG regulations, for reducing risk in global financial system. Since the pandemic has produced more economic and financial instability in emerging markets, investors and regulators may pay more attention to return and volatility connectivity among ESG equity indices and financial markets to safeguard investment and restore market stability.
Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes Using dNLR and GNRI in Combination Therapy With Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Naganuma Atsushi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishikawa Hiroki , Nishimura Takashi , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Hirooka Masashi , Yata Yutaka , Ohama Hideko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Matono Tomomitsu , Aoki Tomoko , Kanayama Yuki , Tanaka Kazunari , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Nakamura Shinichiro , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Kumada Takashi
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aims to investigate the clinical utility of the derived neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in predicting treatment outcomes for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing combination therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 310 patients. The dNLR, NLR, and GNRI were calculated, and their impact on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed. The formula for calculating dNLR is: (neutrophil count ÷ [white blood cell count—neutrophil count]), which means it does not require lymphocyte count. Furthermore, GNRI‐dNLR and GNRI‐NLR scores were defined, and their prognostic values were also analyzed.

Results

The median PFS of this cohort was 7.2 months (95% CI: 5.9–8.5), and the median OS was 24.9 months (95% CI: 19.6–30.2). The dNLR, NLR, and GNRI were significant predictors of both PFS and OS. The dNLR showed a significant correlation with the NLR (Pearson correlation coefficient, p < 0.0001). Patients with high GNRI‐dNLR scores demonstrated significantly worse PFS and OS compared to those with low scores (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Compared to stratification by GNRI alone, the GNRI‐dNLR or GNRI‐NLR provided better stratification for both PFS and OS.

Conclusion

The dNLR could be a valuable substitute for NLR as a prognostic marker in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing Atez/Bev therapy. It offers a feasible alternative for databases lacking lymphocyte count information, ensuring comprehensive patient stratification and outcome prediction. The GNRI‐NLR or GNRI‐dNLR score provided better stratification compared to GNRI alone.
Impact of smoking status on engagement in remote symptom monitoring after oncologic surgery: Implications for symptom management and readmission rates
Authors: Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Li Yuelin , Lui Michelle L. , Carlsson Sigrid V. , Matulewicz Richard S. , Ostroff Jamie S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Remote symptom monitoring (RSM) is an evidence‐based strategy shown to mitigate postoperative morbidity; however, platform engagement is required to benefit from RSM. Patients who report current smoking are at high risk for postoperative complications, but it is unknown whether smoking status influences engagement with RSM, symptom severity, or unanticipated acute care visits.

Methods

This observational case–control study was conducted in patients undergoing ambulatory oncologic surgery at a large cancer center. The authors examined the effect of current smoking status on adherence to an electronically delivered postoperative recovery‐assessment tool. Symptom severity and readmissions by smoking status were also analyzed.

Results

In total, 19,481 patients who underwent surgery and were enrolled in RSM were included. The nonresponse rate (28%) in current smokers was significantly greater than the rate observed in never smokers (21%; odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.63; p < .0001). Current smokers reported higher symptom scores for pain, wound swelling, constipation, and anxiety. The observed 30‐day readmission rates were 3.6% for current smokers and 2.6% for never smokers, with overlapping confidence intervals.

Conclusions

Current smokers report higher symptom burden after surgery yet are less likely to adopt proactive digital postoperative recovery strategies like RSM. Implementation strategies are needed to improve the engagement of current smokers in RSM if benefits are to be realized in this high‐risk population.
RF Heating Effects in CEST NMR with Hyperpolarized 129Xe Considering Different Spin Exchange Kinetics and Saturation Schemes
Authors: Hernandez‐Solarte David , Schröder Leif
Published: January 2025

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) improves the sensitivity of NMR but depending on the spin exchange kinetics, it can require substantial RF energy deposition to label magnetization. Potential side effects like RF‐induced heating may occur and must be monitored. Here, we explore the parameter space considering not only undesired heating but also efficient CEST build‐up (depolarization rate), spectral resolution (line width), and subsequent effects like changes in chemical shifts of CEST responses. We present a systematic study to compare conventional block pulse with shaped‐pulse saturation and quantify how the effective average saturation power impacts these parameters. Pulse shape and nominal excitation bandwidth, however, turned out to have little impact on acquired z‐spectra and temperature changes. This study illustrates how different exchange kinetics define different regimes of suitable RF power within the dynamic range of fully saturable magnetization from hyperpolarized 129Xe. Temperature‐related changes in the resonance frequency of bound spins were also quantified for the two Xe hosts CB6 and CrA‐ma and put into context for typically used CEST acquisition parameters, including the stability of the magnetic field.
A novel transgenic reporter of extracellular acidification in zebrafish elucidates skeletal muscle T‐tubule pH regulation
Authors: Neitzel Leif R. , Silver Maya , Wasserman Aaron H. , Rea Samantha , Hong Charles C. , Williams Charles H.
Published: January 2025

Disruption of extracellular pH and proton‐sensing can profoundly impact cellular and protein functions, leading to developmental defects. To visualize changes in extracellular pH in the developing embryo, we generated a zebrafish transgenic line that ubiquitously expresses the ratiometric pH‐sensitive fluorescent protein pHluorin2, tethered to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Monitoring of pHluorin2 with ratiometric fluorescence revealed dynamic and discrete domains of extracellular acidification over the first 72 h of embryonic development. These included acidification of the notochord intercalations, transient acidification of the otic placode, and persistent acidification of the extracellular space of the myotome at distinctly different pH from that within the T‐tubules. Knockdown of centronuclear myopathy genes Bin1b (OMIM: 255200) and MTM1 (OMIM: 310400), which disrupt T‐tubule formation, also disrupted myotome acidification. In this study we visualize extracellular acidic microdomains in the tissues of whole live animals. This real‐time reporter line for directly measuring changes in extracellular pH can be used to illuminate the role of extracellular pH in normal physiological development and disease states.
The cochlea phenotypically differs from the vestibule in the Gfi1GFP/GFP mouse
Authors: Li Zhuo , Chen Hongzhi , Feng Hao
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies with Gfi1‐mutated lines have shown that Gfi1 is essential for hair cell maturation and survival.

Results

We analyzed the phenotype of another Gfi1‐mutated line Gfi1GFP/GFP in the inner ears of neonates at P5‐7 and found that the cochlea phenotypically differed from the vestibule in the Gfi1GFP/GFP mouse. Specifically, there was a marked reduction in hair cells in the cochlea, which was characterized by greater reductions in the outer hair cells but far less reductions (mainly in the basal turn) in the inner hair cells, whereas the vestibular hair cells remained unaffected. These results were consistent with findings from previous studies. Unexpectedly, the number of cochlear non‐sensory supporting cells significantly decreased. However, the vestibular supporting cells did not demonstrate any abnormalities in number.

Conclusion

Gfi1 exhibits different functions in the cochlea and vestibule during inner ear development.
Assessing the seasonality of foliar nutrient concentrations in woody plants
Authors: Tian Yuehan , Du Enzai , Tang Yang , Peñuelas Josep
Published: January 2025

Seasonal variations in foliar nutrient concentrations are an important strategy of plants to adapt to different climates and availabilities of soil nutrients. Gaps in our knowledge, however, remain in both the seasonality of the concentrations of multiple nutrients in plant leaves and their spatial pattern on a large scale. We compiled data on foliar concentrations of nine essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in woody plants in China and evaluated the characteristics and latitudinal patterns of their seasonal variability (i.e., seasonality). Foliar concentrations of mobile nutrients (N, P, K, and Zn) in deciduous broadleaf woody plants decreased significantly during the growing season, but nonmobile nutrients (Ca and Mn) continued to accumulate. In contrast, the foliar nutrient concentrations in evergreen broadleaves and conifers generally showed no significant seasonal trend. The seasonality of foliar nutrient concentration was weaker for the nutrients with higher foliar concentrations, supporting the hypothesis of seasonal stability of high‐demand nutrients. The seasonality of foliar nutrient concentration was stronger for deciduous than evergreen plants, while the effect of plant phylogeny was not statistically significant. The seasonality of foliar N and P concentrations increased with latitude in the deciduous broadleaf woody plants, but evergreen plants showed no significant latitudinal trend. The spatial patterns of seasonality for foliar N and P concentrations were significantly explained by climate and foliar habit. These findings improve our understanding of the seasonality of plant foliar concentrations of multiple nutrients as a strategy to adapt to varying climatic conditions.
Thermally Induced FeII Spin Crossover Hybrid Complex Incorporating Para‐Sulfocinnamic Acid
Authors: Kumar Varun , Ghosh Ashta C. , Draoui Youssef , Wang Mengmeng , van Hecke Kristof , Rotaru Aurelian , Garcia Yann
Published: January 2025

Anion‐Driven Light‐Induced Spin Change (AD‐LISC) enables multifunctional materials to switch magnetic states with light, enhancing potential applications in data storage, sensors, and molecular electronics, by improving spin state control by integrating photoactive anions. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of new mononuclear FeII coordination complex, [Fe(3‐bpp)2](psca)2 ⋅ solvent (1 ⋅ X) as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure incorporates para‐sulfocinnamic acid (psca), non‐coordinated anion as well as unidentified disorded solvent molecules (X). TGA analysis confirmed the presence of 2.5 water molecules as solvent in the crystal lattice after exposure to air. Moreover, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements (SQUID) reveals a mixture of high‐spin and low‐spin states in 1 ⋅ 2.5H2O, with a predominance of low‐spin sites at room temperature. The desolvated form 1 shows a gradual spin crossover behaviour centred around the room temperature region. Additionally, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, evaluated according to Schmidt's criteria for [2+2] photodimerization, revealed that 1 ⋅ X does not satisfy the spatial requirements for photodimerization; accordingly, no colour change was noticed upon UV light exposure.
Divergent Malonamides/Ti(NMe2)4 System for the Synthesis of Mono‐, Bis‐, and Tris(dimethylamide)‐Titanium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Alcántara‐Xicotencatl Mariana , Hernández‐Martínez Emmanuel , Martínez‐Otero Diego , Bernabé‐Pablo Erandi
Published: January 2025

Modifying the synthesis time and temperature in the reaction of 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dimesityl‐propanediamide (H2DMDMMA) and 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐ditert‐butyl‐propanediamide (H2DTDMMA) with Ti(NMe2)4 produces five distinct titanium amide malonamides (4–8). Three, two, or one −NMe2 group is present in these complexes, all of which are cis‐OO′ chelated except for one with a unique cis‐NO chelate.In the literature, a variety of synthetic methodologies for malonamides (MAs is informed. The chelating features of MAs have been the subject of extensive investigation for use in liquid extraction of lanthanides (Ln) and actinides (An). However, no comparative study has explored the substituents influence the nucleophilic behavior of anionic MAs in their role as ligands. Herein, we present insight into the divergent 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dimesityl‐propanediamide (H2DMDMMA) and 2,2‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐ditert‐butyl‐propanediamide (H2DTDMMA)/ tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium [Ti(NMe2)4] system, which allowed a collection of five complexes. The titanium amide malonamides obtained have three, two, or one ‐NMe2 group and are cis‐OO′ chelated, except for one complex that exhibits the unprecedented cis‐NO chelate mode.
Identification of Astronomical Cycles in Fine‐Grained Rocks and Their Application in High‐Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation: A Case Study of the Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Leijia Area, Western Sag of the Liaohe Depression, China
Authors: Li Yang , Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Tingshan , Chen Chang , Li Jinpeng , Lai Peng , Gao Yang
Published: January 2025

In the Western Sag of the Liaohe Depression within the Bohai Bay Basin, the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (E2s4) in the Leijia area is characterised by lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks, primarily composed of clay, felsic minerals, carbonates and analcime. These rocks serve as the key hydrocarbon reservoirs in the region. However, their complex lithology and rapid lateral variations lead to significant reservoir heterogeneity, posing challenges for the identification of favourable reservoirs. This study addresses these challenges through cyclostratigraphic analysis to enhance stratigraphic resolution and improve reservoir prediction. We employed time‐series analysis, high‐precision U–Pb carbonate dating and gamma ray (GR) logging data to identify astronomical cycles within the E2s4 fine‐grained mixed rocks. Spectral analysis of GR data from wells lei93, lei37, lei53 and lei14 revealed signals consistent with standard eccentricity, obliquity and precession cycles. Using the 405 kyr long eccentricity cycle for astronomical tuning, we established a detailed chronostratigraphic framework for the E2s4, constrained by U–Pb dating results from several wells. In total, we identified six long eccentricity cycles (405 kyr) and approximately 19 short eccentricity cycles (~129 kyr). The correlation between Earth's orbital cycles and high‐frequency sequences allowed us to construct a refined stratigraphic division and correlation framework at an eccentricity timescale. This refined framework offers a clearer understanding of reservoir distribution, greatly enhancing hydrocarbon exploration accuracy in the Leijia area. Moreover, our findings highlight the significant role of cyclostratigraphy in guiding future oil and gas exploration efforts in the Bohai Bay Basin, showcasing its potential application in broader geological contexts.
Morbidity of the Free Fibular Flap in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Goetz Carolin , Dietz Fabian , Bissinger Oliver , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Ehrmann Philipp , Weitz Jochen
Published: January 2025

Background

Our study evaluated long‐term morbidities in patients and compared subjective morbidities to those measurable objectively.

Methods

Patients completed a questionnaire regarding long‐term morbidity, filled out the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire by Ruscheweyh et al. and were examined physically.

Results

Eighty‐two patients were included in the study, 31 patients returned to the clinic for further evaluation and testing. The most common morbidities were weakened dorsiflexion of the great toe (34 patients), reduced ambulatory status (33), and muscle weakness (31). A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between higher pain intensity and high pain sensitivity scores. However, donor‐site morbidities were not significantly associated with pre‐existing comorbidities like smoking, diabetes, or age over 70. Subjective morbidities were reported 2.3 times more frequently than objectively measured ones.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a notable discrepancy between subjective and objective morbidities, highlighting the importance of considering patients' subjective experiences when assessing postoperative outcomes and rehabilitation progress.
Context‐Aware TinyML Model for Korean Handwriting Recognition Under Online Assisted Learning Scenes
Authors: Cui Shunji
Published: January 2025

Optical character recognition (OCR) based on wearable devices plays an important role in online learning. Although the existing convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) has achieved great success in the task of optical character recognition (OCR), this model cannot fully achieve global contextual information modeling. With the development of artificial intelligence IoT (AIoT) technology, existing deep models are difficult to deploy on resource‐constrained mobile devices. Therefore, this article proposes an effective context‐aware TinyML model for Korean handwriting recognition. Specifically, we effectively improve the global context modeling capability by embedding the Mamba layer in CRNN with linear computational complexity. In addition, we achieved model compression by introducing a distillation mechanism based on a multi‐layer joint distillation mechanism. A large number of experimental results on two publicly available datasets of Korean characters show that our proposed model achieves a higher performance.
Disaggregated Financial Statement Comparability
Authors: Bjornsen Matt , Borchers Sarah , Stallings Matthew A.
Published: January 2025

This study develops a measure of financial statement comparability based on the disaggregated financial accounting components of earnings. The disaggregated financial statement comparability measure in this paper is contrasted with the aggregated (i.e., based solely on aggregate earnings) financial statement comparability measure used in prior research. The disaggregated framework allows for the measurement of comparability between two firms across multiple components of earnings, which enhances the ability to contrast a company's accounting system to that of other companies impacted by similar economic effects. This comparability measure is robust to a rigorous set of analyses, including tests of incremental informativeness, alternative specifications of comparability, and considerations regarding the information environment. The metric developed in this study extends financial reporting quality and financial statement comparability research based on its ability to capture the distinct components of earnings.
The Relationships Between Body‐Related Emotion Intolerance and Restrictive Eating as a Function of Multidimensional Perfectionism
Authors: Solomon‐Krakus Shauna , Quesnel Danika A. , Uliaszek Amanda , Sabiston Catherine M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Emotion intolerance and perfectionism are two maintaining mechanisms to eating disorder symptomology. However, it is unclear how these mechanisms relate to one another. This study explored whether perfectionism is a vulnerability factor for facets of restrictive eating in the context of body‐related emotions.

Methods

Female undergraduate students (N = 148) completed questionnaires assessing baseline levels of self‐critical perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism. Participants then engaged in an ecological momentary assessment protocol where body‐related emotion intolerance and restrictive eating facets (cognitive restraint and behavioral restriction) were assessed over 10 consecutive days. Multilevel modeling and simple slopes analysis were used to explore these moderated relationships. Within‐person (Level 1 body‐related emotion intolerance) and between‐person (Level 2 perfectionism dimensions) relationships were examined.

Results

Based on the analyses, both self‐critical and personal standards perfectionism dimensions interacted with body‐related emotion intolerance to predict increases in restrictive eating facets.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that personal standards perfectionism, though conceptualized as the less maladaptive dimension of perfectionism, should not be ignored when conceptualizing and intervening with restrictive eating. Recommendations are provided on how to refine treatment targets to be more attuned with situations that elicit body‐related emotion intolerance.
Antibodies and Inflammation: Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Health in Domestic Ruminants
Authors: Burton A. M. , Else K. J. , Irving J. , Mair I. , Shultz S.
Published: January 2025

Gastrointestinal infections present major challenges to ruminant livestock systems, and gut health is a key constraint on fitness, welfare, and productivity. Fecal biomarkers present opportunities to monitor animal health without using invasive methods, and with greater resolution compared to observational metrics. Here we developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for three potential fecal biomarkers of gut health in domestic ruminants: two immunological (total immunoglobulin [Ig]A and total IgG) and one inflammatory (lactoferrin). We analytically validated the assays, then evaluated whether they could be used as a biomarker of clinically diagnosed gastrointestinal pathologies in cattle (Bos taurus), and finally compared them with helminth fecal egg counts in sheep (Ovis aries). The analytes were detected above the lower limits of detection in cattle, sheep, and goats. Fecal IgA and lactoferrin were higher in cattle with infectious pathologies (strongyles, coccidiosis and symptomatic Johne's disease) compared to healthy controls. Lactoferrin was additionally higher in animals with infectious pathologies compared to noninfectious pathologies, and to asymptomatic Johne's cases. No significant relationships were found with sheep fecal egg counts. These initial findings suggest that fecal IgA and lactoferrin may be useful biomarkers of poor gastrointestinal health in cattle, and that fecal lactoferrin is specific to active inflammation caused by infectious agents. These could be incorporated into the growing suite of noninvasive ecoimmunological tools and used to understand ruminant gut health in a range of species. Applications include improving treatment regimens for gastrointestinal infections, and understanding wildlife physiological responses to infectious challenges.
Icariin Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation and Suppresses Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing SOST Methylation in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Xu , Liu Xizhe , Wan Junming , Hu Yanqing , Wei Fuxin
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is mainly concerned with the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation. Icariin (ICA) plays a vital role in bone protection. This study investigated the mechanism of ICA in PMO rats.

Methods

The rats were treated with ovariectomy (OVX) and ICA. Bone structure parameters were measured by Micro‐CT. BMSCs were obtained from normal rats, OVX rats, and ICA‐treated rats. BMSCs were infected with SOST overexpression lentivirus, and TWS119, an activator of Wnt pathway, was introduced for joint experiment. The binding of ERα to SOST promoter was verified. OVX/ICA rats were injected with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐Aza‐dC.

Result

ICA increased bone mass and decreased bone marrow fat content in OVX rats. ICA facilitated osteogenic differentiation and repressed adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overexpressing SOST antagonized the effect of ICA, whereas TWS119 rescued the effect of overexpressing SOST. ICA reduced SOST expression by attenuating the effect of ERα. Methylation of SOST inhibited ERα binding to SOST promoter. In vivo experiments confirmed that ICA improved bone mass and reduced bone marrow fat content by enhancing SOST methylation.

Conclusion

Overall, ICA upregulated SOST methylation and inhibited the binding of ERα to SOST promoter, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and repressing adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Study of Histotripsy With Subsequent Heating on In Vitro VX2 Cancer Cells
Authors: Dai Qizheng , Xu Lisa X. , Zhang Aili , Fowlkes J. Brian
Published: January 2025

Objective

Focused ultrasound has emerged as a precise and minimally invasive modality for effective cancer treatment. In this study, we propose a novel method that integrates the mechanical effects of focused ultrasound, known as histotripsy, with heating to enhance both the immediate and sustained cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

Methods

Our investigation focused on VX2 cancer cells in suspension, examining five experimental groups: blank control, negative control, heating alone, histotripsy alone, and histotripsy with subsequent heating. B‐mode ultrasound imaging was utilized to visualize cavitation bubble cloud formation and its motion during histotripsy. The suspension was contained in individually sealed compartments obtained from bubble wrap (referred to as bubble wrap compartments) embedded within the agarose phantom. Residual living cells were examined immediately after treatment and cultured for 96 hours to analyze the growth patterns. Additionally, CFDA SE staining was employed to assess cell proliferation. Furthermore, both intracellular and extracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were measured to investigate the potential initiation of an immune response.

Results

The combination of histotripsy and subsequent heating significantly reduced the normalized concentration of living cells immediately after treatment. It also decreased the proliferation rate of residual cells compared with the other experimental groups. Histotripsy with subsequent heating also increased the generation and release of HSP70, which might potentially enhance an innate anti‐tumor immune response in vivo.

Conclusion

Histotripsy and subsequent heating improved the immediate lethal impact on VX2 cancer cells and curtailed the proliferation of residual cancer cells in suspension. This study presents a promising strategy for cancer therapy in the future.