bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of 4.9 GHz Radiofrequency Field Exposure on Brain Metabolomic and Proteomic Characterization in Mice
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhou Guiqiang , Lin Jiajin , Zhang Zhaowen , Qin Tongzhou , Guo Ling , Wang Haonan , Huang Zhifei , Ding Guirong
Published: October 2024

Electromagnetic exposure has become increasingly widespread, and its biological effects have received extensive attention. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in the metabolism profile of the brain and serum and to identify differentially expressed proteins in the brain after exposure to the 4.9 GHz radiofrequency (RF) field. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a Sham group and an RF group, which were sham-exposed and continuously exposed to a 4.9 RF field for 35 d, 1 h/d, at an average power density (PD) of 50 W/m2. After exposure, untargeted metabolomics and Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics were performed. We found 104 and 153 up- and down-regulated differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the RF_Brain group and RF_Serum group, and the DEMs were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Moreover, 10 up-regulated and 51 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were discovered in the RF group. Functional correlation analysis showed that most DEMs and DEPs showed a significant correlation. These results suggested that 4.9 GHz exposure induced disturbance of metabolism in the brain and serum, and caused deregulation of proteins in the brain.
Effects of Stocking Density on the Survival, Growth, and Stress Levels of the Juvenile Lined Seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Lin Tingting , Li Siping , Zhang Dong , Liu Xin , Ren Yuanhao
Published: October 2024

Seahorses are increasingly regarded as a promising farming object suitable for recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) due to their high economic value. However, reports on the large-scale farming of seahorses in RASs are rare, and some key parameters, such as stocking densities, are still unclear. In the present study, we employed the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus), for which large-scale farming has been achieved, to determine the suitable stocking density for three different-sized juveniles in RASs. The three different-sized juveniles had body heights of 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 cm, and their test density gradients were 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4 inds/L; 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.3 inds/L; and 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 inds/L, respectively. The juveniles were cultivated for one month, and then their survival, growth, and plasma cortisol and brain serotonin contents (two stress-related indicators) were analyzed. The results show that, regardless of the size of the juveniles, a high density can inhibit growth and trigger stress responses. In addition, for small- (4.0 cm) and medium-sized (7.0 cm) juveniles, a high density can also exacerbate size heterogeneity and cause death. Taking into account the welfare and yield of farmed seahorses, the present study suggests that the suitable stocking densities for 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 cm juveniles in RASs are 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 inds/L, respectively.
Morphological Characterization, Polyphenolic Profile, and Bioactive Properties of Limoncella, an Ancient Mediterranean Variety of Sweet Citrus
Authors: Potenza Lucia , Saltarelli Roberta , Palma Francesco , Di Patria Laura , Annibalini Giosuè , Burattini Sabrina , Gobbi Pietro , Valentini Laura , Caprioli Giovanni , Santanatoglia Agnese , Vittori Sauro , Barbieri Elena
Published: October 2024

Limoncella of Mattinata, a rare and ancient Mediterranean citrus fruit, was investigated by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions, which assigns it as a variety of Citrus medica L. Morphological, chemical, and biomolecular approaches, including light and electron microscopy, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays, were used to characterize the flavedo and albedo parts, usually rich in bioactive compounds. The morphological findings showed albedo and flavedo cellular structures as “reservoirs” of nutritional components. Both albedo and flavedo hydroalcoholic extracts were rich in polyphenols, but they were different in compounds and quantity. The flavedo is rich in p-coumaric acid and rutin, whereas the albedo contains high levels of hesperidin and quercitrin. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genoprotective effects for albedo and flavedo were found. The results confirmed the health properties of flavedo and highlighted that albedo is also a rich source of antioxidants. Moreover, this study valorizes Limoncella of Mattinata’s nutritional properties, cueing its crops’ repopulation.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertrophy of Ligamentum Flavum
Authors: Silwal Prashanta , Nguyen-Thai Allison M. , Alexander Peter G. , Sowa Gwendolyn A. , Vo Nam V. , Lee Joon Y.
Published: October 2024

Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (HLF) is a common contributor to lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Fibrosis is a core pathological factor of HLF resulting in degenerative LSS and associated low back pain. Although progress has been made in HLF research, the specific molecular mechanisms that promote HLF remain to be defined. The molecular factors involved in the onset of HLF include increases in inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, matrix metalloproteinases, and pro-fibrotic growth factors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in HLF with a particular emphasis on aging and mechanical stress. We also discuss in detail how several pathomechanisms such as fibrosis, proliferation and apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and autophagy, in addition to several molecular pathways involving TGF-β1, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, Wnt signaling, micro-RNAs, extracellular matrix proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS), etc. are involved in fibrosis leading to HLF. We also present a summary of the current advancements in preclinical animal models for HLF research. In addition, we update the current and potential therapeutic targets/agents against HLF. An improved understanding of the molecular processes behind HLF and a novel animal model are key to developing effective LSS prevention and treatment strategies.
Exploring the Relationship between Telomere Length and Cognitive Changes in Post-COVID-19 Subjects
Authors: Villar-Juárez Guillermo Efrén , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Martínez-López J. Nicolas I. , Fresan Ana , Tovilla-Zaráte Carlos Alfonso , Nolasco-Rosales German Alberto , Juárez-De la Cruz Ghandy Isidro , Ramos David Ruiz , Villar-Soto Mario , Mejía-Ortiz Paola , Gómez Mendiola Marlen , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , Nicolini Humberto
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that patients suffering from COVID-19 may experience neurocognitive symptoms. Furthermore, other studies indicate a probable association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and neurocognitive changes in subjects with post-COVID-19 condition. Our study was designed to determine the correlation between telomere length and cognitive changes in post-COVID-19 subjects. Methods: This study included 256 subjects, categorized based on SARS-CoV-2 infection from 2020 to 2023. In addition, subjects with a psychiatric diagnosis were considered. Moreover, the MoCA and MMSE scales were applied. Telomere length was determined using a polymerase chain reaction, and statistical analysis was employed using ANOVA and X2 tests. Results: We identified a decrease in LTL in individuals with post-COVID-19 conditions compared to those without SARS-CoV-2 infection (p ≤ 0.05). However, no association was found between LTL and cognitive impairment in the subjects post-COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings suggest that LTL is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, this important finding requires further research by monitoring neurological changes in subjects with post-COVID condition.
Histological Improvement and Cytokine Levels Reduction in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus after Photobiomodulation Therapy
Authors: Mutafchieva Maria Zaharieva , Draganova Milena Nenkova , Tomov Georgi Tomchev
Published: October 2024

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucocutaneous disease associated with the formation of symptomatic lesions in the mouth that are often refractory to treatment. An as-yet-unknown antigen triggers an inflammatory reaction in which various immune and non-immune cells release multiple cytokines that contribute to disease progression. The ability of photobiomodulation (PBM) to reduce the symptoms and signs of the disease has been shown, but little is known about its molecular and cellular effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and in histological findings in OLP patients treated with photobiomodulation therapy. Methods: Twenty OLP patients underwent PBM with diode laser (810 nm), (0.50 W, 30 s, 1.2 J/cm2), 3 times weekly for a month. Pain level and clinical scores of lesions were recorded before and after therapy. Salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in OLP patients were measured before and after PBM and compared with those of 10 healthy controls. Biopsies were taken at the beginning and end of treatment to assess pathomorphological changes. Results: PBM significantly reduced the level of pain and clinical scores of the lesions. Salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in OLP patients were significantly higher compared to those in healthy controls and decreased after therapy. 60% of the post-treatment OLP biopsies demonstrated histological improvement, characterized by inflammatory infiltrate reduction (50%), epithelial hyperplasia reduction (30%), epithelial thickening (15%), or epidermal-dermal attachment repair (5%). Conclusion: The effectiveness of PBM therapy in OLP patients was confirmed at the clinical, molecular, and histomorphological levels.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Pre-Emptive Peribulbar Blocks with Different Local Anesthetics or Paracetamol Using the Adequacy of Anesthesia Guidance for Vitreoretinal Surgeries: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Stasiowski Michał Jan , Lyssek-Boroń Anita , Krysik Katarzyna , Majer Dominika , Zmarzły Nikola , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Precisely selected patients require vitreoretinal surgeries (VRS) performed under general anesthesia (GA) when intravenous rescue opioid analgesics (IROA) are administered intraoperatively, despite a risk of adverse events, to achieve hemodynamic stability and proper antinociception and avoid the possibility of intolerable postoperative pain perception (IPPP). Adequacy of anesthesia guidance (AoA) optimizes the titration of IROA. Preventive analgesia (PA) techniques and intravenous or preoperative peribulbar block (PBB) using different local anesthetics (LAs) are performed prior to GA to optimize IROA. The aim was to analyze the utility of PBBs compared with intravenous paracetamol added to AoA-guided GA on the incidence of IPPP and hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing VRS. Methods: A total of 185 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) were randomly assigned to one of several anesthesia protocols: general anesthesia (GA) with analgesia optimized through AoA-guided intraoperative remifentanil opioid analgesia (IROA) combined with a preemptive single dose of 1 g of paracetamol (P group), or PBB using one of the following options: 7 mL of an equal mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine (BL group), 7 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine (BPV group), or 7 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine (RPV group). According to the PA used, the primary outcome measure was postoperative pain perception assessed using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), whereas the secondary outcome measures were as follows: demand for IROA and values of hemodynamic parameters reflecting quality or analgesia and hemodynamic stability. Results: A total of 175 patients were finally analyzed. No studied PA technique proved superior in terms of rate of incidence of IPPP, when IROA under AoA was administered (p = 0.22). PBB using ropivacaine resulted in an intraoperative reduction in the number of patients requiring IROA (p = 0.002; p < 0.05) with no influence on the dose of IROA (p = 0.97), compared to paracetamol, and little influence on hemodynamic stability of no clinical relevance in patients undergoing VRS under AoA-guided GA. Conclusions: PA using paracetamol or PBBs, regardless of LAs used, in patients undergoing VRS proved no advantage in terms of rate of incidence of IPPP and hemodynamic stability when AoA guidance for IROA administration during GA was utilized. Therefore, PA using them seems no longer justified due to the potential, although rare, side effects.
RETRACTED: El-Far et al. Nanonutraceuticals: Anti-Cancer Activity and Improved Safety of Chemotherapy by Costunolide and Its Nanoformulation against Colon and Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 990
Authors: El-Far Ali H. , Godugu Kavitha , Salaheldin Taher A. , Darwish Noureldien H. E. , Saddiq Amna A. , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: October 2024

The journal retracts the article, “Nanonutraceuticals: Anti-Cancer Activity and Improved Safety of Chemotherapy by Costunolide and Its Nanoformulation against Colon and Breast Cancer” [...]
Autonomous Robot Task Execution in Flexible Manufacturing: Integrating PDDL and Behavior Trees in ARIAC 2023
Authors: Liu Ruikai , Wan Guangxi , Jiang Maowei , Chen Haojie , Zeng Peng
Published: October 2024

The Agile Robotics for Industrial Automation Competition (ARIAC) was established to advance flexible manufacturing, aiming to increase the agility of robotic assembly systems in unstructured and dynamic industrial environments. ARIAC 2023 introduced eight agility challenges involving faulty parts, flipped parts, faulty grippers, robot malfunctions, sensor blackouts, high-priority orders, insufficient parts, and human safety. Given the unpredictability of these scenarios, it is impractical to develop a specific strategy for each possible situation. To address these issues, this paper presents a hierarchical framework for autonomous robotic task generation and execution in dynamic scenarios. The framework is divided into a task level and an execution level. Initially, an immediate task management strategy is adopted at the task level, which reasonably decomposes dynamic tasks and allocates short-term tasks to the floor robot and ceiling robot. Later, at the execution level, each robot is designed with an agent architecture that combines PDDL planning with the quick response of behavior trees. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed framework were thoroughly validated in ARIAC 2023.
MTC-NET: A Multi-Channel Independent Anomaly Detection Method for Network Traffic
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyong , Huang Chengjin , Wang Lei
Published: October 2024

In recent years, deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging the Transformer architecture, have garnered widespread attention for network traffic anomaly detection. However, when dealing with noisy data sets, directly inputting network traffic sequences into Transformer networks often significantly degrades detection performance due to interference and noise across dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel network traffic anomaly detection model, MTC-Net, which reduces computational complexity and enhances the model’s ability to capture long-distance dependencies. This is achieved by decomposing network traffic sequences into multiple unidimensional time sequences and introducing a patch-based strategy that enables each sub-sequence to retain local semantic information. A backbone network combining Transformer and CNN is employed to capture complex patterns, with information from all channels being fused at the final classification header in order to achieve modelling and detection of complex network traffic patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that MTC-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in several evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, on four publicly available data sets: KDD Cup 99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CIC-IDS2017.
Highly Sensitive Molecular Diagnostic Platform for Scrub Typhus Diagnosis Using O. tsutsugamushi Enrichment and Nucleic Acid Extraction
Authors: Kim Myoung Gyu , Kim Seulki , Jang Juho , Lee Jinkwan , Kim Namheon , Yu Yeji , Kim A Reum , Lim Seungjin , Bae Moonsuk , Shin Yong
Published: October 2024

Scrub typhus is caused by the Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, and this tick-borne disease is difficult to distinguish from other acute febrile illnesses as it typically presents with symptoms such as rash, crusting at the bite site, headache, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and elevated liver transaminases. It can often be diagnosed clinically, but not all patients present with characteristic symptoms, so serological diagnosis and molecular techniques may be required. However, existing diagnostic tests often have low sensitivity and specificity, making early detection difficult. This study presents a nucleic acid extraction method using large volumes of plasma and buffy coat to increase sensitivity, as well as an improved detection method using two target genes. Using the I-PULL device, nucleic acids can be extracted from up to 4 mL of sample in 30 min, avoiding contamination. The extracted DNA detects two genes of O. tsutsugamushi, increasing sensitivity compared to single-gene detection. Clinical validation in 38 patient samples showed 100% specificity and 95.24% sensitivity for the single target gene, with specificity and sensitivity rising to 100% when both genes are analyzed. This molecular diagnostic platform can be useful for distinguishing scrub typhus from similar diseases.
Bird Interspecific Brood Parasitism Record in the Third Century
Authors: Li Dongyang , Zhang Yimei , Xia Canwei
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of interspecies brood parasitism, characterized by parasitic birds depositing their eggs within the nests of unrelated host species for subsequent hatching and rearing, represents a pivotal aspect of ornithological research, owing to its profound implications for the coevolutionary dynamics between host and parasite species. Among the myriad of avian brood parasites, the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) stands out due to its expansive geographical range and diverse array of host species, thereby underscoring its significance in the context of parasitism studies. Drawing upon historical records dating back to the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD) in China, this study delves into the annals of avian brood parasitism, uncovering instances of parasitic behavior attributed to the Common Cuckoo. Through a meticulous analysis of these ancient narratives, coupled with an examination of the ecological and morphological attributes of the birds involved, we confirm the parasitization of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) by Common Cuckoos. This finding underscores the existence of a long-standing coevolutionary relationship between these two species, extending over nearly two millennia. Remarkably, the record under scrutiny, with its precise temporal, geographical, and taxonomic specifications, emerges as a potential candidate for the earliest documented instance of Common Cuckoo brood parasitism in Chinese historical records. As such, it provides invaluable insights into the historical ecology of avian parasitism and underscores the need for further interdisciplinary research to unravel the complexities of host–parasite interactions across time and space.
Behavioral Biases and Judicial Decision-Making in Brazil
Authors: Tabak Benjamin Miranda , Meira Liziane Angelotti , dos Santos Araujo Ana Clarissa Masuko , Garcia Aline Guiotti
Published: October 2024

We identify and present Brazil’s most common behavioral and heuristic biases in judicial decision-making. Through bibliographic and specific cases, we notice the occurrence of the representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic, anchoring heuristic (anchoring effect), confirmation bias, and affect heuristic bias in Brazilian judicial decisions. We also present the current state of Brazilian legislation and its amendments that aim at impartiality in the production, the assessment of evidence, and the judge’s conviction. Finally, we present the suggestions and initiatives that aim to mitigate biases and heuristics in judicial decision-making in Brazil, especially with awareness techniques, the replacement of judges by algorithms, and the review of judicial decisions by collegiate bodies.
Tech vs. Tradition: ChatGPT and Mindfulness in Enhancing Older Adults’ Emotional Health
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Shiyu
Published: October 2024

To improve older adults’ mental health, this study compared the effects of AI chatbots, such as ChatGPT 3.0, with traditional mindfulness therapies on loneliness and depression in older adults. Despite interest in AI as a complementary tool, empirical evidence on its impact remains limited. For an eight-week intervention, older adult participants from two nursing homes in Hangzhou were assigned to groups focused on mindfulness (group sessions) and chatting (one-on-one ChatGPT). Following the intervention, participants engaged in a researcher-led focus group discussion. After 8 weeks, tension had decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the Mindfulness group of older adults, and there was no significant difference between the effects of ChatGPT and mindfulness on the emotional intervention of older adults. Findings indicated three themes, including (1) personal experience, reflecting older adults’ use of AI technology and mindfulness; (2) attitudes and perspectives on the experiment’s desirability and insufficiencies; and (3) needs and expectations for future AI and mindfulness developments, including usability and functional preferences. Similar to mindfulness practice, ChatGPT interactions helped older adults feel less depressed and might eventually reduce costs by replacing mindfulness. In the future, AI can be integrated with conventional techniques to improve interaction by giving AI a more human-like appearance.
Factors Influencing Public Donation Intention during Major Public Health Emergencies and Their Interactions: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Minghua , Tian Beihai
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health emergency that has caused significant global devastation. However, it has also fostered unprecedented worldwide solidarity. During this crisis, we have witnessed large-scale donations and assistance both domestically and internationally. In the face of such extensive public engagement, understanding the driving factors behind public donations is crucial in responding to future global shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. This study proposes an analytical framework and examines the factors influencing public donation intention during major public health emergencies and their interactions. Based on the online and telephone survey data of 11,682 responses collected in China during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, this study employs multiple logistic regression and moderation effect models to analyze these influencing factors and their interactions on public donation intention. The findings reveal a remarkably high level of public engagement, with 79% of respondents expressing donation intention. Further analysis indicates that the hardship level caused by the pandemic, degree of risk perception, community material support, and evaluation of the pandemic response all have a significant and positive impact on public donation intention. Moreover, the evaluation of the pandemic response and community material support significantly and positively moderate the impact of the hardship level caused by the pandemic and degree of risk perception on public donation intention, respectively. This study provides valuable guidance for governments and organizations worldwide. It is helpful for enriching crisis management theory and improving crisis response mechanisms.
Finite Element Analysis of Perforated Prestressed Concrete Frame Enhanced by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Wu Yuching , Chen Jingbin , Zhu Peng , Zhi Peng
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of machine learning and data science, computer performance continues to improve. It has become possible to integrate finite element analyses and machine learning technology. In this study, a surrogate-based finite element method enhanced by a deep learning technique is proposed to predict the displacement and stress fields of prestressed concrete beams with openings. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) were used to conduct a finite element analysis for the prestressed concrete structures. The displacement and stress of all nodal points were extracted to train the surrogate-based model. Then, the surrogate-based model was used to replace the original finite element model to estimate the displacement and stress fields. The results from the trained neural networks are in good agreement with experimental data obtained in a laboratory. It is demonstrated that the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed PINNs are superior to conventional approaches.
Radiotherapy with 15 × 2.633 Gy vs. 20 × 2.0 Gy in Patients with Malignant Spinal Cord Compression and Favorable Survival Prognoses: A Secondary Analysis of the RAMSES-01 Trial
Authors: Rades Dirk , Lomidze Darejan , Jankarashvili Natalia , Lopez Campos Fernando , Navarro-Martin Arturo , Segedin Barbara , Groselj Blaz , Staackmann Christian , Yu Nathan Y. , Cacicedo Jon
Published: October 2024

Many patients with malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) who are not candidates for neurosurgery receive radiotherapy alone. This study compared 15 × 2.633 Gy over three weeks to 20 × 2.0 Gy over four weeks in patients with favorable survival prognoses. The outcomes of 34 patients treated with 15 × 2.633 Gy (equivalent dose 41.6 Gy10) in the RAMSES-01 trial were compared to 239 patients from an existing database receiving 20 × 2.0 Gy using propensity-score-adjusted Cox and logistic regression models. All patients had favorable survival prognoses. Endpoints included local progression-free survival (LPFS), improvement of motor function, post-treatment ambulatory status, and overall survival (OS). After propensity score adjustment, the 12-month rates of LPFS and OS were 98.1% (RAMSES-01 cohort) vs. 91.6% (p = 0.265) and 79.1% vs. 82.2% (p = 0.704), respectively. Regarding improvement of motor function, 15 × 2.633 Gy appeared superior (p = 0.073). No significant difference was observed regarding ambulatory status (p = 0.822). The three-week regimen for MSCC has similar outcomes and reduces treatment time when compared to a four-week regimen.
EF24, a Curcumin Analog, Reverses Interleukin-18-Induced miR-30a or miR-342-Dependent TRAF3IP2 Expression, RECK Suppression, and the Proinflammatory Phenotype of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Higashi Yusuke , Dashek Ryan , Delafontaine Patrice , Rector Randy Scott , Chandrasekar Bysani
Published: October 2024

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from the widely used spice Curcuma longa, has shown anti-atherosclerotic effects in animal models and cultured vascular cells. Inflammation is a major contributor to atherosclerosis development and progression. We previously reported that the induction of the proinflammatory molecule TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2) or inhibition of the matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) regulator RECK (REversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs) contributes to pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, pro-mitogenic and pro-migratory effects in response to external stimuli in vascular smooth muscle cells. Here we hypothesized that EF24, a curcumin analog with a better bioavailability and bioactivity profile, reverses interleukin (IL)-18-induced TRAF3IP2 induction, RECK suppression and the proinflammatory phenotype of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC). The exposure of ASMC to functionally active recombinant human IL-18 (10 ng/mL) upregulated TRAF3IP2 mRNA and protein expression, but markedly suppressed RECK in a time-dependent manner. Further investigations revealed that IL-18 inhibited both miR-30a and miR-342 in a p38 MAPK- and JNK-dependent manner, and while miR-30a mimic blunted IL-18-induced TRAF3IP2 expression, miR-342 mimic restored RECK expression. Further, IL-18 induced ASMC migration, proliferation and proinflammatory phenotype switching, and these effects were attenuated by TRAF3IP2 silencing, and the forced expression of RECK or EF24. Together, these results suggest that the curcumin analog EF24, either alone or as an adjunctive therapy, has the potential to delay the development and progression of atherosclerosis and other vascular inflammatory and proliferative diseases by differentially regulating TRAF3IP2 and RECK expression in ASMC.
Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Remodeling during Terminal Differentiation of Keratinocytes in the Epidermis and Skin Appendages
Authors: Eckhart Leopold , Gruber Florian , Sukseree Supawadee
Published: October 2024

The epidermis of the skin and skin appendages, such as nails, hair and sebaceous glands, depend on a balance of cell proliferation and terminal differentiation in order to fulfill their functions at the interface of the body and the environment. The differentiation of epithelial cells of the skin, commonly referred to as keratinocytes, involves major remodeling processes that generate metabolically inactive cell remnants serving as building blocks of the epidermal stratum corneum, nail plates and hair shafts. Only sebaceous gland differentiation results in cell disintegration and holocrine secretion. A series of studies performed in the past decade have revealed that the lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation mechanism of autophagy is active during keratinocyte differentiation, and the blockade of autophagy significantly alters the properties of the differentiation products. Here, we present a model for the autophagy-mediated degradation of organelles and cytosolic proteins as an important contributor to cellular remodeling in keratinocyte differentiation. The roles of autophagy are discussed in comparison to alternative intracellular degradation mechanisms and in the context of programmed cell death as an integral end point of epithelial differentiation.
Synthesis of Alkyl Levulinates from α-Angelica Lactone Using Methanesulfonic Acid as a Catalyst: A Sustainable and Solvent-Free Route
Authors: Silva Luciana , Xavier Nuno , Rauter Amélia , Galhano dos Santos Rui
Published: October 2024

In the present study, a green and readily effective route is presented, using for the first time, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as a catalyst to produce alkyl levulinates (ALs) via the addition of alcohols to α-angelica lactone (α-AL). A smooth procedure was developed that resulted in the production of high-purity ALs, with complete conversions and high yields (99.1–99.8%), within 20 to 60 min of reaction in the presence of 0.5 mol% MSA. The reactions were carried out solvent-free, at room temperature, and in atmospheric air. Reaction conditions were optimized, and equimolar amounts of alcohol reagent were used. This work presents the main advantages of the use of a catalyst (MSA) that is low cost, easily biodegradable, and does not release toxic gases into the environment, but has an acidic strength comparable to that of other mineral acids. Therefore, this study proves the remarkable efficiency of MSA as a catalyst in the synthesis of ALs through an economically and environmentally favorable route.
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Parents of Children with Cancer—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lewandowska Anna , Lewandowski Tomasz , Bartosiewicz Anna , Papp Katalin , Zrubcová Dana , Šupínová Mária , Stryjkowska-Góra Aleksandra , Laskowska Barbara , Joniec Gabriela , Apay Serap Ejder
Published: October 2024

Background: A child’s cancer is a highly stressful experience for the entire family. Childhood cancer disrupts family functioning and is one of the most stressful and challenging events parents face, often beyond their control. Parents play a crucial role in providing emotional support to children throughout their illness, and their ability to cope can help reduce the child’s negative emotions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among parents of children with cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines and included parents of children undergoing cancer treatment. Convenience sampling was used. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were utilized to assess the parents. Results: This study included 270 participants (73% women, 27% men) with children at an average age of 8.75 ± 4.82 years. Diagnoses included leukemia (53%), lymphoma (29%), and other cancers. On the Beck Depression Inventory, 33% of parents were mildly depressed, 12% moderately depressed, and 32% severely depressed, with an average score of 20.63 ± 12.39 points. The HADS-M scale indicated anxiety at 48.43 ± 20.78%, depression at 45.01 ± 22.8%, and aggression at 54.72 ± 28.71%. Conclusions: Most parents of children with cancer have symptoms of depression and anxiety, which are influenced by the duration of the child’s illness. A strong correlation was observed between the level of anxiety and the tendency for depression.
Prioritising Polysomnography in Children with Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Key Roles of Symptom Onset and Sleep Questionnaire Scores
Authors: Nosetti Luana , Zaffanello Marco , Simoncini Daniela , Dellea Gaia , Vitali Maddalena , Amoudi Hajar , Agosti Massimo
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSA) in children disrupts normal breathing patterns and sleep architecture, potentially leading to severe consequences. Early identification and intervention are crucial to prevent these issues. This study explored the relationships between waiting times for polysomnography (PSG), clinical history, patient age at the time of PSG, and PSG outcomes in children. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen children were prospectively enrolled. Data were extracted from medical records regarding the patients’ age at the time of a referral for PSG and their age at the time of its execution. Information on the waiting times for PSG, a diagnosis (primary snoring, mild, moderate, and severe OSA), and a history of snoring and apnoea were also collected. Additional data included medications, surgical interventions, passive smoke exposure, and allergies. The records also included the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Results: The patient age at the time of a PSG prescription was lower for patients with a short history of sleep apnoeas (≤12 months; 4.6 (SD 2.6) years) compared to those with a long history (>12 months; 5.5 (SD 2.7) years; p = 0.027). The waiting time from prescription to PSG execution was shorter for patients with a short history of sleep apnoea (4.1 (SD 3.8) months) compared to those with a longer history (5.9 (SD 3.8) months; p = 0.001). A higher frequency of having an adenotonsillectomies before a PSG prescription was observed in the long-history group compared to the short-history group (13.3% vs. 6.9%). Conversely, a higher frequency of adenoidectomies before a PSG prescription was noted in the short-history group compared to the long-history group (9.7% vs. 1.3%). Conclusions: This study found that younger children with a shorter history of OSA are diagnosed and evaluated earlier than older children with a longer history of the condition, suggesting that prolonged symptoms may delay a diagnosis. ENT surgeries also vary among patients, with less invasive procedures (adenoidectomy) being more common in younger children with shorter histories of OSA. The increasing awareness of OSA highlights the need for improved access to diagnostic and treatment resources.
Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis of Thrombocytopenia, Anasarca, Fever, Reticulin Fibrosis/Renal Failure, and Organomegaly (TAFRO) Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Kakutani Takuya , Kamada Riko , Tamai Yotaro
Published: October 2024

TAFRO syndrome, first reported in 2010, is a systemic inflammatory disease with a rapid onset and potentially fatal course if not treated promptly and appropriately. The name is derived from the initial letters describing the characteristic symptoms of thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis/renal failure, and organomegaly. It is sometimes considered a special subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) because lymph node biopsies often reveal the pathology findings seen in iMCD. However, its clinical manifestations and prognoses are not well documented. Since the clinical manifestations and prognoses of TAFRO syndrome differ significantly from those of iMCD, it is recognized as an independent disease concept and considered to partially overlap with the pathology of MCD. The pathogenesis of TAFRO syndrome remains largely unknown. Due to the lack of appropriate treatment, it often presents with multiple organ dysfunction and fatality. In this review, we summarized new findings on the pathogenesis of TAFRO syndrome and discussed current effective therapies and future treatment strategies.
Usefulness of Galectin-3 as a Biochemical Marker to Detect Ventricular and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Children
Authors: Moric-Janiszewska Ewa , Wawszczyk Joanna , Morka Aleksandra , Kapral Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several fibrotic disorders. A number of studies have examined the relationship between galectin-3 levels and cardiac fibrosis in heart failure. Nevertheless, the role of galectin-3 in the etiology of supraventricular (SVa) and ventricular (Va) arrhythmias remains largely unexamined. The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the potential correlation between galectin concentration and the occurrence of idiopathic cardiac arrhythmias in pediatric patients. Biochemistry analysis was performed on 30 children (11–18 years; 14 boys and 16 girls). The control group consisted of 20 children. Cardiac arrhythmia was confirmed by a 24 h Holter ECG recording. Serum galectin-3 levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis of the data showed significant associations between creatinine kinase (CK) and Gal-3 in patients with SVa (SVT—supraventricular tachycardia) arrhythmias, suggesting a potential effect of CK on Gal-3 levels. However, no correlation was identified between Gal-3 concentration and the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias under investigation. We concluded that galectin-3 does not have the potential to be a biomarker in the diagnosis of idiopathic arrhythmias in pediatric patients.
TLR4 Downregulation Identifies High-Risk HPV Infection and Integration in H-SIL and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Santoro Angela , Angelico Giuseppe , Arciuolo Damiano , Scaglione Giulia , Padial Urtueta Belen , Aquino Gabriella , Starita Noemy , Tornesello Maria Lina , Rega Rosalia Anna , Pedicillo Maria Carmela , Mazzucchelli Manuel , Stefano Ilenia Sara De , Zamparese Rosanna , Campisi Giuseppina , Mori Giorgio , Zannoni Gian Franco , Pannone Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Growing scientific evidence suggests a link between the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cervical cancer carcinogenesis. Specifically, a close relation between TLR4 expression and FIGO stage, lymph node metastases, and tumor size has been reported in cervical cancer. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between TLR4 expression levels and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and/or high-risk (hr) HPV integration status in patients with a histological diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix. Sixty biopsies of cervical neoplasia, comprising H-SIL (n = 20) and SCC (n = 40), were evaluated for TLR4 expression by immunohistochemistry. All samples were positive for high-risk HPV as confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH) and broad-spectrum PCR followed by Sanger sequencing analysis. The intensity of TLR4 staining was higher in tissues negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) than in H-SIL, and further reduced in SCC. Moreover, statistically significant differences have been observed in the percentage of TLR4 expression between NILM and H-SIL and between H-SIL and SCC, with higher percentages of expression in H-SIL than in SCC. Our results showed a significant downregulation of TLR4 in HPV-related H-SIL and SCC, compared to NILM. These data support the hypothesis that TLR4 expression is suppressed in HPV-driven oncogenesis.
A Bibliometric Review of Lightweight Aggregate Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Tan Shea Qin , Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor , Saleh Ali Taha , Wei Kenneth Ee Li , Samadi Mostafa , Huseien Ghasan Fahim
Published: October 2024

The increase in cement production has had a noteworthy impact on the emission of greenhouse gases. As a result, it is essential to develop geopolymer concrete innovations to mitigate the environmental consequences. However, conventional geopolymer concrete not only requires heavy machinery and an increase in the cross-sectional area of structural supports, but it also endangers the operating safety of workers. Therefore, in recent times, lightweight concrete has gained significant attention due to its many advantages and benefits to the structure and construction sectors. Thus, the aim of this study is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the lightweight geopolymer concrete and assess its fundamental characteristics to determine the research gap in this area. This review paper will benefit researchers in identifying the ongoing trend in lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete, identifying more areas for additional study. It will also act as a knowledge source for policymakers, journal editors, professionals, and research organizations.
The Role of Porcelain Veneers in the Aesthetic Restoration of Discolored Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Galiatsatos Panagiotis , Galiatsatos Aristidis
Published: October 2024

Background: The discoloration of endodontically treated anterior teeth poses a significant aesthetic concern for many individuals, impacting their confidence and self-image. Porcelain veneers have emerged as a popular solution for the aesthetic restoration of such teeth. This paper explores the role of porcelain veneers in addressing tooth discoloration, examining their efficacy, durability, and aesthetic outcomes via a clinical case. Case description: In this clinical case, an aesthetic restoration of a discolored central incisor was performed using a ceramic veneer. Due to the high degree of discoloration, an internal bleaching of the tooth was carried out prior to the final restoration. Various factors influencing the selection of porcelain veneers as a treatment modality, including shade matching, preparation techniques, and adhesive bonding, are discussed. Conclusions: The advancements in materials and techniques have enhanced the versatility and aesthetic appeal of porcelain veneers, making them a valuable option for achieving natural-looking and durable aesthetic restorations in individuals with discolored endodontically treated anterior teeth.
A Longitudinal Examination between Chronotype and Insomnia in Youths: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Authors: Cheung Forrest Tin Wai , Sit Hao Fong , Li Xiao , Chan Joey Wing Yan , Chan Ngan Yin , Wing Yun Kwok , Li Shirley Xin
Published: October 2024

Adolescence and young adulthood are transitional periods associated with significant changes and challenges, leading to a heightened vulnerability to sleep disturbances and mental health difficulties. This stage is often associated with an increased preference for eveningness, manifested as a later chronotype. The current study aimed to investigate the directionality of the association between chronotype, based on an individual’s sleep–wake behaviour, and insomnia in young people using a two-wave panel design with a 12-month interval. A total of 370 participants aged 15–24 (mean age: 21.0 ± 2.0, 72.7% female) were recruited from local secondary schools and universities. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, while chronotype was measured using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Temporal associations were analysed using a series of cross-lagged panel models. The best fitting and most parsimonious model indicated that a later chronotype at baseline predicts more severe insomnia symptoms at the 12-month follow-up after accounting for autoregressive effects. However, the opposite causal model, where baseline insomnia symptoms predicted the chronotype at the 12-month follow-up, was not supported. These findings suggest that a late chronotype may be a potential risk factor for the development of insomnia in young people, emphasising the importance of considering circadian factors in the prevention and treatment of sleep disturbances among this population.
Special Issue “New Advances in Novel Optical Materials and Devices”
Authors: Botas Alexandre M. P.
Published: October 2024

Optical material and devices play a key role in a considerable number of technological developments [...]
Unlocking the Potential of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Bioconjugates: Tailored Derivatives for Biomedical, Cosmetic, and Food Applications
Authors: Menezes José C. J. M. D. S. , Campos Vinícius R.
Published: October 2024

This review discusses the development and applications of bioconjugates derived from natural hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), such as coumaric, sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids, combined with various biomaterials. These bioconjugates offer a range of benefits including antioxidant properties, UV protection, customized hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, improved safety, solubility, emolliency, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeted delivery for biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications. The increasing demand for natural products in the biomedical, cosmetic, and food industries has led to the exploration of these hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives. We discuss the synthesis and modification of hydroxycinnamic acids with biomaterials such as ω-hydroxy fatty acids, castor and lesquerella oils, glycerol, isosorbides, and synthetic polyethylene glycol to form functional phenolipids for biomedical, sunscreen, and skincare applications. Encapsulation techniques with β-cyclodextrins and modification of polymeric supports like polysaccharides and starch are discussed for enhancing bioavailability and solubility and targeted delivery. The fine-tuned development of bioconjugates from hydroxycinnamic acids using glycerol to modify the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, substitution by water-soluble carboxylic acid groups, vegetable oil-based phenolipids, polysaccharides, and PEGylation provide enhanced dual functionalities and offer a promising avenue for creating effective products across various applications.