bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of anti-HCV signal to cut-off value in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and the variety of antibody responses
Authors: OCAL Murat , BULUT Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection starts with the detection of antibodies against recombinant or synthetic HCV proteins by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Although EIA tests are highly sensitive, false positivity rates are not low. Positive anti-HCV results are generally confirmed with complementary tests such as Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT), or Western Blot modifications.
Methods: The anti-HCV results of 199,516 individuals referred from various clinics between 2015 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively at University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory. From the 2039 samples, of which EIA tests resulted borderline and reactive, 1419 samples having Line Immunoassay (LIA) confirmatory test results were included in the study.
Results: LIA tests yielded positive, negative and indeterminate for 820 (57.8%), 519 (36.6%) and 80 (5.6%) of 1419 samples, respectively. The optimal threshold point for EIA anti-HCV signal to cut-off (S/Co) according to LIA was found to be 15.85 corresponded to diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 94.9%, 94.8%, 96.6%, 92.1%, 94.9%, respectively. The most common proteins detected in LIA positive samples were C1 96.3%, C2 90.4%, and NS3 93.2%.
Conclusions: To prevent false positivities, confirmatory tests must be used for samples with low S/Co ratios. The use of S/Co value will make significant contribution to reducing both false-positive results and the LIA confirmatory test consumption. There was no correlation between the number of bands and EIA index values in LIA positive samples, while the relationship between the number of 3+ bands and index values was remarkable.
​Diversity of Actinomycetes in Tomato Plants
Authors: Veilumuthu P. , Christopher J. Godwin
Published: April 2022

Background: Tomato plant holds great biodiversity of actinomycetes. This diversity can be explored for new potential actinomycetes strains. Methods: Two different methods were followed for actinomycetes isolation (Serial dilution and direct streaking method). The direct streaking method was found to be the best method where it gave a higher number of actinomycetes compared to the plant extract method. All the actinomycetes were isolated by ISP2 medium supplemented with nystatin and cycloheximide (at 50 µg/ml). All the endophytic actinomycetes strains were isolated and purified based on the difference in appearances such as colony morphology, growth pattern, aerial hyphae growth, filamentous appearance and pigment production. Result: The direct streak method, yielded 192 isolates and only 48 isolates by plant extract method. Thus, a total of 240 strains were isolated. Plants from Madurai yielded a maximum of 130 isolates (54%) and a minimum from Tuticorin 20 isolates (8%). The highest viable count of 80.01±14.24 (CFU g-1) x 103 were recorded in the agro- fields of Dindugal followed by Madurai, Theni, Tirunelveli and Tuticorin. Out of 240 strains, 49.5% exhibited different aerial hyphae and 36.25% showed different filamentous appearances of growth and 5.8% produced pigments. The endophytic actinomycetes species isolated from tomato plants in different locations possess significant morphologically varied actinobacterial diversity. We can explore further on how these diverse actinomycetes are involved in plant growth promotion and protection against pathogens.
Public entrepreneurship in light of theories of practice
Authors: De Assis Silva Camila , Tercino de Araújo Elisabeth Thaiane , Da Silva Anjo José Edemir , Da Glória Pereira Brito Valéria , Meirelles Andrade Daniela
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is understanding the entrepreneurial action in the light of thetheories of practice. The article establishes a dialogue through the theoretical-conceptualarticulations between the notion of entrepreneurial action, present in the studies of publicentrepreneurship and the movement of studies on the theories of practice. The data utilizedwas essentially secondary, based on the scientific production referring to the object of study,which was analyzed through a narrative review. It could be observed that the link betweenthe theories of practice and entrepreneurship in the public sector consists in theentrepreneurial action. This can be observed due to the fact that the entrepreneurial actionallows considering public entrepreneurship as a practice.
iTutoría Universitaria: Una herramienta de empoderamiento durante la covid-19
Authors: Secanilla Campo Esther , Zárate Alva Nair
Published: April 2022

Dada la situación actual de emergencia debido a la pandemia Covid-19, se hace imprescindible abordar nuevas estrategias para llevar a cabo la docencia universitaria. En esta experiencia universitaria, sobre la práctica docente en diferentes universidades, tenemos como objetivo, difundir y aplicar la tutoría universitaria como una herramienta fundamental para afrontar los retos actuales. Las autoras han acuñado el término iTutoría Universitaria como una propuesta de excelencia, para al acompañamiento de los y las estudiantes y el soporte emocional que lleva implícito. Los resultados preliminares reflejan que urge seguir trabajando e investigando, para poder realizar intervenciones más ajustadas a las necesidades de cada contexto universitario.
THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM, ETHICS AND COMPETENCE ON THE ACCURACY OF GIVING AN AUDIT OPINION
Authors: Ramanda Ullan Uchi
Published: April 2022

The focus of this research is to see how professional skepticism, ethics, and competence on the accuracy of giving an audit opinion. The auditor at the South Jakarta Public Accounting Firm is the study's sample. The sample methodology used was purposeful sampling. The sample for this study consisted of 88 respondents from 19 public accounting firms in South Jakarta. The data used in this study is primary data, in the form of a questionnaire given to the auditor. The hypothesis of this study was tested using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with Statistics Program and Service Solution (SPSS) version 25 and a significance level of 5%. The study's findings suggest that professional skepticism, ethics, and competence have a positive significant effect on the accuracy of giving an audit opinion.
Production Performance of Super Intensive Vannamei Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at PT. Sumbawa Sukses Lestari Aquaculture, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Pratiwi Rifqah , Sudiarsa I Nyoman , Amalo Pieter , Utomo Yusuf Widyananda Wiarso
Published: April 2022

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the leading fishery commodities that have high economic value. If the process is implemented properly, shrimp production with a super intensive system becomes a profitable future of the aquaculture orientation. This study aims to examine the production process and product performance of super- intensive system vannamei shrimp on an industrial scale. This research method is a case study that includes observation, interviews, and directly follows the production process of shrimp on an industrial scale, without experimental design. The production process includes ponds preparation, media preparation, seed selection and stocking, management of feed and water quality, monitoring of pests and disease, monitoring of growth, and harvest. The treatment given was the application of Bacillus sp. as probiotics on rearing media to optimize shrimp growth. This study showed after 100 days of rearing resulted in SR 71%; biomass 8.96 tons; harvest size 45 – 32; ABW 22 g/tail; ADG 0.4 g/day; and FCR 1.6. Water quality was still in the optimal ranges to support of shrimp growth, includes: temperatures 27 – 31oC; brightness 14 – 120 cm; pH 7.4 – 8.6; salinity 33 – 34 mg/L; dissolved oxygen 3.8 – 5.5 mg/L; alkalinity 100 – 360 mg/L; TOM 40 – 103 mg/L; and nitrite 0.05 – 27.5 mg/L. The production process of vannamei shrimp on an industrial scale with a super intensive system that is applied by PT. Sumbawa Sukses Lestari Aquaculture, West Nusa Tenggara shows optimal growth and yields.
The Effect of Corn Starch Substitution with Sargassum sp. Starch in Diet on Grow-Out of Cultivated Rabbitfish, (Siganus guttatus) in Floating Net Cages
Authors: Saade Edison , Usman Usman , Sulaeman Haura Ainun , Jannah Nursun Marhumatul
Published: April 2022

Corn starch is a source of carbohydrates for most cultivated fish, includes rabbitfish as one of the herbivores with high economic value. Therefore, rabbitfish requires cheaper carbohydrate sources to have a profitable business in its cultivation. This study was aimed to determine the substitution of corn starch with Sargassum sp. starch in the diet on the growth, relative feed intake, FCR and nutrient retention of rabbitfish. The average weight of rabbitfish used was 51.76±0.12 g/fish. Rabbitfish were cultivated in small net cages (1x1x1.5m) with a stocking density of 20 fish/net cage for 90 days reared. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Corn starch (CM) substitution with Sargassum sp. starch (SM) by 0% (A), 21% (B), 42% (C), 63% (D) and 83% (E) used as the treatments with three replicates each. The measured parameters were weight gain (WG), relative growth (RG), relative feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein retention (PR), energy retention (ER), and condition factor (CF). Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey’s test. The results showed that the lowest FCR in treatment A had no significant effect with treatment B but was significantly different from treatments C, D and E. The WG, RG, RP and CF parameters had the same values at all levels of CM substitution with SM, while RFI and FCR increased with the increasing CM substitution by SM. It also indicated that CM in the rabbitfish diet could be substituted with SM by 83%.
Study of Phytochemistry and Potential of Endophyte Fungi Extract in Avicennia marina Roots as Antioxidants Inhibiting Early Aging
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Andhika , Pambudi Mochammad Agung Seno , Bachtiar Eri , Ismail Mochamad Rudyansyah , Mulyani Yeni , Arsad Sulastri , Prasetiya Fiddy Semba
Published: April 2022

The mangrove plants has long been utilized as traditional medicinal ingredients for treatments of various diseases in favour of bioactive components from its secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites from mangroves could act as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress. Mangrove may contain endophyte fungi in its tissues that are capable of producing secondary metabolites. In theory, endophyte fungi isolated from a plant can produce secondary metabolites similar to those of the original plants or even in relatively high numbers. In this research, mangrove species Avicennia marina was sampled from Blanakan, Subang District, West Java. Endophyte fungi were isolated from the mangrove roots that had been obtained. The experimental method was used to test antioxidant activitiy using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) method and phytochemical content, with three replicates for each tests. Fungal isolates were coded according to the distance of the roots from the main mangrove tree, namely STAD and STAJ that represents “close” and “far” roots. Our results showed that the enviromental parameters, namely salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature meet the quality standards and mangrove life in the tropics. The A. marina type of substrate muddy soil and has a pH value, which did not meet the quality standards for mangrove waters. As for antioxidant activity, both extracts could reduce DPPH free radicals. Further determination of the IC50 value of the two extracts showed that the endophytic fungi STAD and STAJ had IC50 values of 97.8 ppm (classified as strong) and 822.56 ppm (classified as very weak) in the DPPH radical immersion method. Phytochemical test revealed that the two extracts of fungal isolates contain bioactive compounds, where flavonoids and alkaloids were identified in isolate STAD, whereas STAJ was positive for tannins and alkaloids content.
Survival and Physiological Responses of Greenlip Abalone (Haliotis laevigata) under Simulated Live Transport
Authors: Kurnaningtyas Frederika Niken Restu , Saputra Ishaaq , Gunawan Eko Hendri
Published: April 2022

Greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) are high-value marine bivalves. In order to preserve the quality, most of edible aquatic animals were transported in live conditions. In addition, keep the condition at low temperature is considered as the best way to reduce the stress level of the animal. However, this method is still poorly understood in greenlip abalone. The present study examines the effects of pre-cooled (±14 °C) and non-precooled (±21 °C) temperature treatments on survival and physiological responses such as total haemocyte count, phagocytic assay, lysosomal assay, and lactate of live abalone during transport simulation at time intervals of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Results indicated that pre-cooling treatment prior to transport increased the survival rate and minimised weight loss. The lactate levels were significantly higher in the abalones that were not cooled prior to transport.  Both animals that were pre-cooled and those that were not cooled prior to aerial transport simulation showed increases in total haemocyte count and a decrease in phagocytic activity, which indicates that live transport has an impact on their immunity. The present study indicated that the importance of pre-cooling treatment before transportation to preserve the condition of live abalone.
Growth Performance of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fed with Varying Inclusion Levels of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Bark
Authors: Samuel Patrick Ozovehe , Sadiq Paul Ozovehe , Ayanwale Adesola V. , Mohammed Adamu Z. , Victoria Victoria , Chukwuemeka I.
Published: April 2022

The cost incurred in raising fish to table size in fish farming has been a major issue both to the farmers and the consumers at large. To address this concern this study assessed the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed varying inclusion levels of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) bark. A total of 120 samples with 0.75±0.209g mean weight and 3.9±0.31cm mean total length were acclimated in the laboratory for a period of 14 days during which they were fed to satiation twice daily. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to the five treatments diets with replicate in each case at 12 fish per treatment; T1 with 00%, T2 with 25%,  T3 with 50%, T4 with 75% and T5 with 100% levels of inclusion as possible replacement for equal weight of soybeans. The set-up ran for 12 weeks and the growth parameters (lengths and weight) were determined on weekly basis. Weight gain and specific growth rate were calculated. The physico-chemical parameters of the test media were also determined on weekly basis according to standard methods. The data generated were subjected to one way analysis of variance. From the results: Treatments with 50% and 75% inclusion levels performed slightly better than the control in terms of weight gain. The highest weight obtained in T2 and T3 were 31.71±0.35g and 31.48±1.71g, respectively. Similarly, the optimum requirement of watermelon bark level in the formulation of practical diets for improved growth of C. garienpinus were 50% and 75% in terms of lengths. T2 and T3 had the highest total lengths with 19.05±0.35cmand 15.90±2.80cm, respectively; while the standard lengths in T2 and T3 were 13.50±0.35cmand 13.45±2.85, respectively. Hence, water melon bark can replace the more expensive soybean thereby reducing cost of production and curtail environmental filth and disposal problems associated with watermelon bark waste in Nigeria.
Analisis Perilaku Investor pada Penggunaan Aplikasi Trading Online Binary Option Binomo di Kalangan Muslim Gen-Z
Authors: Raniya Syavira , Marliyah Marliyah
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perilaku konsumen generasi Z muslim dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menggunakan aplikasi trading binary option Binomo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskritif  kualitatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat dua kubu yang berbeda dari Gen-Z muslim, kubu yang pertama adalah mereka yang tetap menggunakan walaupun mengetahui akan hukum binomo yang memiliki unsur judi didalamnya,  serta kubu yang langsung meninggalkan aplikasi Binomo saat tau aplikasi ini mengandung unsur judi dalam transaksi aplikasi Binomo ini. Prespektif generasi Z muslim terhadap aplikasi Binomo terhadap sisi hukum yang dimiliki oleh aplikasi ini memiliki berbagai sudut pandang yang berbeda terutama pada keputusan untuk terus menggunakan ataupun menghentikan menggunakan aplikasi ini. Keputusan OJK dan BAPPEBTI terhadap legalitas aplikasi ini memiliki titik terang saat kedua badan tersebut telah menyatakan bahwa aplikasi Binomo ini adalah aplikasi yang ilegal.
Apakah Bank Syariah di Indonesia Tergolong Efisien? (Dea Window Analysis)
Authors: Ni'mah Fadlilatun , Laila Nisful
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of efficiency of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia for the period 2015 - 2019. This study uses a quantitative approach with the DEA Window Analysis method. The results of this study state that the average score for the efficiency of Islamic Commercial Banks in 2015-2019 assuming CRS is 90%, while the average efficiency score for the assumption of VRS is 96%. The best efficiency measurement for 2015-2019 is the assumption of Variable Return to Scale (VRS), because in the VRS assumption there are Islamic commercial banks that have an efficient score. Bank Mandiri Syariah and Bank Victoria Syariah, on the assumption of VRS, are the banks that have the efficiency score and are the most stable compared to other banks.
Retomar el pulso de la historia de la educación en México
Authors: Martínez Moctezuma Lucia
Published: April 2022

.
Sexuality and Well-Being of Pakistani-Descent Female Adolescents Living in Canada: Perceptions and Recommendations
Authors: Punjani Neelam , Hirani Saima , Mumtaz Zubia , Jackson Margot , Papathanassoglou Elisavet , Hegadoren Kathy
Published: April 2022

The sexual health needs of female immigrant adolescents in Canada have been largely unmet and have increased in magnitude over the last few years. Evidence suggests that immigrant adolescents lack sexual and reproductive health knowledge and use fewer sexual health-related services and sex education resources than do non-immigrant youth. In Pakistani immigrant adolescents, this difference appears to be associated with socio-cultural and religious practices. This paper aims to describe how first-or-second generation Pakistani-descent female adolescents, living in Canada, describe their perspectives on developing sexuality and well-being. In addition, this paper explicates female adolescents’ perceptions of their needs to support their sexuality while going through the adolescence stage. Using a qualitative interpretive descriptive design, individual interviews were conducted in combination with drawing timelines. A purposive sample of 21 female adolescents who were first- or second-generation Pakistani-descent was obtained. A thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. Findings suggest that immigrant female adolescents encounter mental health concerns as a result of confusing messages they received from their parents related to sexuality. Also, discrimination, exclusion from sex education classes, and lack of knowledge on sexual health can result in social exclusion, avoidance of health care, and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. These participants related experiences are potentially contributed by the lack of communication with parents about sexuality and lack of health care providers who can understand and speak to their needs and realities as immigrant individuals. Female adolescents expressed their need to break the silence around the topic of sexuality, to have a non-judgemental and blame-free attitude from adults, and for open, honest, and stigma-free conversations. This study provides preliminary qualitative evidence of the interplay between experiences of developing sexuality and overall well-being, particularly psychological wellbeing in female adolescent immigrants. It is crucial to involve, listen to, and incorporate adolescent girls’ voices when planning and implementing interventions to support healthy sexuality among immigrant adolescents.
Containing COVID: “To Trace or Not to Trace?” - That Is Not the Question!
Authors: Enaganti Inavamsi , Chatterjee Shirshendu , Meel Kuldeep , Mishra Bud
Published: April 2022

The sudden onset of the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted the modern multi-national interconnected society and led the countries and societies to enforce unprecedented restrictions on movement. Among myriad containment measures, the policy of trace and quarantine found universal adoption among countries; the swift adoption of the policy was soon met with widespread criticism and opposition activists who questioned the utility and the risk associated with such a large scale collection of data and infringement on the movement of individuals. Consequently, one often tends to be either pro- or anti-trace and quarantine; the ensuing polarizing and politicized left little room for nuance. In this work, we undertake a methodology study to understand the nuances of the impact of different implementations of trace and quarantine. To this end, we design a user-friendly and intuitive tool that can be employed by experts to model the disease dynamics and societal structure. We focus on the study of the cost of policy with respect to quarantine degree, which captures the distance between the person required to quarantine after a person is detected to be infected. Our study results in a surprising conclusion: the cost is not necessarily monotone with respect to the degree of quarantine. Our analysis indicates that governments must curb the urge to adopt simplistic policy and the optimal policy of trace and quarantine for a country strongly depends on its societal structure and disease dynamics.
GENANGAN BANJIR DAERAH IRIGASI BENGAWAN JERO DITINJAU DARI ASPEK HIDRAULIK
Authors: Harimurti Sabdoyono Wiyasa , Suprapto Mamok , Ikhsan Cahyono
Published: April 2022

Beberapa daerah di Indonesia memiliki intensitas banjir yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan datangnya musim hujan. Seperti halnya Daerah Irigasi Begawan Jero yang mengalami banjir pada setiap tahunnya akibat hujan dan limpasan Blawi. Daerah Irigasi Bengawan Jero termasuk DAS Bengawan Solo berada di Wilayah Kabupaten Lamongan dan sebagian kecil di Kabupaten Gresik. Dalam menganalisis genangan yang terjadi maka dalam penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi dengan program HEC-RAS 5.0, program tersebut untuk menganalisis aliran satu dimensi pada sungai atau saluran. Metode penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui genangan yang paling dominan yang terjadi di Daerah Irigasi Bengawan Jero dengan parameter yang digunakan dalam analisis hidraulika ini adalah tinggi muka air genangan Sungai Blawi. Dari hasil simulasi yang telah dilakukan maka didapat debit banjir maksimal pada Q10 tahun sebesar 282,76 m³/s dengan tinggi genangan 1,07 m.
Corporate reputation, ethical brand, and trust in the Brazilian industry
Authors: Mello Sylvia , Lanz Luciano , Tomei Patricia , Marins Patricia
Published: April 2022

All organizations rely on their reputation to strengthen their image and increase consumer trust and credibility in their products and/or services. In this context, developing an Ethical Brand (EB) and a Corporate Reputation (CR) continues to be a major challenge. Therefore, this research aims to investigate empirically how trust affects EB and CR. This study used secondary data from the Authenticity Gap Report (AGR), collected on-line in 160 Brazilian organizations, using a structured questionnaire to a non-probability sampling from 20 different industries with 1.328 Engaged Consumers. Different references were used for analysis: (i) the Trust model in buyer-seller relationships; (ii) the Ethical Reputation Brand model; and (iii) the CR Ranking Index (MERCO). The results indicated that three of five dimensions of the Trust model represented good CR indicators. From the 20 different industries analyzed, three have the best average, according to the MERCO Ranking and the three combined indicators from the AGR. Results demonstrated the role of authenticity, trust, and industry as a fundamental element to EB and CR.
Different references were used for analysis: (i) the Trust model in buyer-seller relationships, (ii) the Ethical Reputation Brand model and (iii) the CR Ranking Index (MERCO). The results indicated that three of five dimensions of the Trust model represented good indicators of CR. From the 20 different industries analyzed, three have the best average according to the MERCO Ranking and the three combined indicators from the AGR. Results demonstrated the role of authenticity, trust and industry as a fundamental element to CR and EB.
8D report as the product improvement tool
Authors: Dziuba Szymon T. , Ingaldi Manuela , Kozina Agata , Hernes Marcin
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, all companies are looking for ways to ensure that the products they manufacture are of the highest quality and that they meet all expectations of customers, thus to increase their satisfaction. It should be noticed however that the business environment, customer expectations, and the products of competitors are changing. Furthermore, production technologies and machines are becoming obsolete. It is therefore necessary to seek new solutions and improve what is done. To achieve this goal, various types of quality management or improvement tools can be used, e.g. the 8D Report. The aim of this paper was to analyze the production problems occurring during the production of window slides with use of the 8D Report in a company producing stamped metal parts for the automotive and home appliance industries. This analysis was carried out based on complaints submitted by the main business partner. Once the main cause of the problem was identified, permanent corrective actions were planned and implemented according to the 8D Report, which helped also to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of this and similar problems. The case studied demonstrated that combination of the knowledge and experience of the team, the application of modern quality tools offers concrete and measurable effects and allows to solve problems, which before the preparation of the Ishikawa diagram, the Pareto chart, and the 8D Report were considered impossible to solve by the employees of the enterprise studied.
Ciber-rumor y síntomas internalizantes en la adolescencia: efecto mediador de la resiliencia
Authors: Bravo Ana , Córdoba-Alcaide Francisco , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario , Romera Eva
Published: April 2022

Los dispositivos digitales han adquirido un papel fundamental en las dinámicas sociales entre los adolescentes, aumentando la prevalencia de conductas de riesgo como el ciberacoso. Aunque su estudio ha aumentado en las últimas décadas, aún son escasos los trabajos centrados en conocer los efectos de formas de cibervictimización sutiles, como el ciber-rumor. Los objetivos del estudio fueron, primero, examinar si las víctimas de ciber-rumor presentan mayores niveles de síntomas internalizantes, y segundo, explorar si la resiliencia actúa como mediadora de dicha asociación, controlando el efecto del sexo. Un total de 558 escolares (54.3% chicas) con edades entre 13 y 17 años (M = 14.65 años; DT = 1.19) participaron en el estudio. El tratamiento de datos siguió un modelo de mediación a través de PROCESS. Los resultados evidenciaron que las víctimas de ciber-rumor presentaron niveles más altos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés que los adolescentes que indicaron no haber sido víctimas de ciber-rumor. Los modelos de mediación mostraron que la resiliencia medió en la relación entre ser víctima de ciber-rumor y los niveles de depresión y ansiedad, pero no con los de estrés. No se encontró que el sexo moderara dichos efectos. En conclusión, estos resultados subrayan la importancia de atender a los fenómenos de ciberagresión dado sus efectos sobre el bienestar social y emocional identificados en este estudio. De ello se deriva la necesidad de diseñar programas de prevención que incluyan entre sus estrategias la promoción de habilidades para el afrontamiento del ciber-rumor.
Motives for physical exercise in older adults from different contexts: typology and organization in practice
Authors: Martín-Moya Ricardo , Ruiz-Montero Pedro Jesús , Rivera García Enrique
Published: April 2022

This study was undertaken to understand the reasons related to typology and organization in physical practice taking into account the perceptions of the older adults. Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 39 older adults. The study participants consisted of 30 women and 9 men (mean age of men and women was M = 68 and 67.1, SD = 4.7 years, respectively), from three contexts. These environments were rural area, a neighbourhood at risk of exclusion and a high socio-economic urban context. The methodological analysis is inductive, emergent, delineating the speeches from the specific to the general, through the process of codifying the grounded theory. Several factors appeared after the emergent analysis of the interventions of older adults. In this line, social support and goal setting were prominent factors that served as facilitators for adherence to physical exercise programs. The encouragement and company of others were factors that facilitated adherence to the physical exercise. Relating to sex differences, older male adults prefer to exercise alone, compared to women. Researchers and health professionals can use these results to tailor motivational messages and promote health-enhancing behavioural interventions for older adult populations.
The performance of potential wheat genotypes across diverse environments of Pakistan
Authors: Zubair Muhammad
Published: April 2022

In Pakistan, wheat used as a staple food that provides necessary nutrients and has a wide adaptation in different environments. A set of 18 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were tested at 23 different locations (Environments) in all over Pakistan. The AMMI biplot analysis was used to identify the genotypes performance across the environments and Genotype Environment Interaction (GEI). The G5 and G6 genotypes performed excellent across the 23 environments, therefore their yield performance are stable at all locations of Pakistan during 2015-16. While, G4, G5, G11, G17 performed very well at all locations during 2016-17. The performance of G5 genotype remains stable in both year of study at all locations so we strongly recommend for cultivation in any region of Pakistan. The G1 (E13), G16 (E14), G11 (E2), G3 & G5 (E18), G14 (E15, E19), and G7, G10 (E10) these genotypes perform well in specific environment and so respective genotypes recommended for specific region where performance remains excellent. The selection of ideal environment in which performance of genotypes are excellent. The three environments (E4, E1 and E10) are best environment in which all genotypes perform very well during both years of study
Phenotypic and molecular divergence in maize (Zea mays L.) ecotypes
Authors: Javed Ramsha
Published: April 2022

Genetic characterization of maize genotypes is of great importance in maize breeding program to identify diverse populations and divergent genotypes. Divergence and genetic diversity were assessed in a set of 20 maize genotypes representing popcorn, white corn, sweet corn and yellow corn, through morphological characteristics and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological data revealed that sweet corn genotype SCLY-1 was earlier in days to 50% pollen shedding than other genotypes while white corn genotype WL-3 was earlier in days to 50% silking. Maximum plant height was recorded for PCLY-5 (133.3 cm) while lowest for WL-4 (92.8 cm), whereas highest ears height was recorded for popcorn PCLY-1 (64.4 cm) and lowest (29.4 cm) for SCLY-5. The yellow corn had maximum (4.5 kg) grain yield at harvest as compared to sweet and popcorn (3.0 kg). Negative but weak correlation was recorded between ear height and grain yield. Cluster analysis based on yield related parameters grouped all the studied genotypes in to five sub clusters. Molecular genotyping based on four primers amplified 37 loci which were (100%) polymorphic. Maximum elven loci were identified by primer GLA-04, while minimum was reported for primer GLA-03. The loci GLD-18B1000, GLA-04B300 recorded highest gene diversity (0.500) followed by loci GLE05B750, GLE-05B650 and GLE-05B550. The loci of primer GLD-18 (GLD-18B1000) detected highest alleles evenness and Simpson’s diversity index of 1.00 and 0.526, respectively. Maximum gene diversity (0.354) among populations were recorded for yellow corn, while the minimum was detected for white corn (0.254), while genotypic diversity was same for all maize types. Cluster analysis based on molecular genotypic data grouped the maize genotypes into four distinct groups. Lack of concordance was observed while comparing the clustering based on phenotypic and molecular data. The overall diversity among the studied maize genotypes could be used in future maize breeding program.
Field-based assessment of genetic diversity for leaf rust resistance and yield attributes in the locally developed wheat cultivars using multivariate analysis
Authors: Sabar Ghulam
Published: April 2022

Brown leaf rust severely affects the production of wheat crop and causes economic losses worldwide. In the present study, evaluation of the locally developed wheat cultivars collection consisting of 133 varieties and lines was done to assess local diversity against leaf rust disease and yield attributes under natural conditions in Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose, a field trial was conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan under a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Various multivariate analyses were carried out including analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis to assess varietal response under rust diseased conditions. Twenty-six cultivars were shown to have an resistant (R) type response; while moderately resistant (MR),moderately resistant moderately susceptible (MRMS), moderately susceptible (MS) and susceptible (S) responses were demonstrated by 47, 16, 16, and 28 germplasm accessions, respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that, all the verities have highly significant difference for all the characters. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed that grain yield per plant was positively correlated with most yield attributes, but negatively correlated with disease severity. Principal component (PC) analysis indicated that five PCs have an Eigenvalue >1 and contributed 78.4% to the total variability while rest of 6 attributes contributed (21.6%) between wheat cultivars evaluated for different characters. Cluster analysis categorized the 133 genotypes into five different clusters. The members of the 4 th cluster showed maximum divergence from the members of 3 rd clusters. On the other hand, the members of 1 st and 2nd clusters showed the maximum similarities according to D2 statistics. Scatter plot showed that the genetic variation in the studied germplasm accessions and this diversity can be used for breeding programs aimed at improvement of disease resistance in the wheat germplasm. It concludes that there is significant diversity among the locally developed wheat germplasm for both leaf rust resistance and yield attributes. The present study, clearly emphasize the importance of resistant varieties which are great edge to the farmers in order to prevent yield losses
Assessment of cotton germplasm against CLCuD at different locations and determination of inheritance patterns for resistance
Authors: Batool Asia
Published: April 2022

Leaf curl virus disease of cotton is major hindrance in cotton production in Pakistan for last many years. To counter leaf curl disease an experiment was designed to screen out new local and exotic germplasm from different institutes of the country and neighboring countries like Turkey and India to find out the tolerance level of 71 cotton genotypes. The genotypes were sown in the month of June using randomized complete block design and sick plot technique at two locations i.e., Faisalabad and Vehari (hot spots). The variety FH-118 was used as spreader line in this experiment. The lines naming FH-490, FH-444, FH458, VH-363 and varieties like FH-142, NIAB-878, FH-Lalazar, VH-327 provided very good results at both locations under virus infested conditions with better yield and low infection of virus. The screening criterion was based on virus tolerance and performance of genotypes with respect to superior boll numbers, sympodial branches and boll weight along with plant height and fibre quality. For the assessment of inheritance pattern of CLCuD resistance, nine selected parents including 6 females and 3 male testers were crossed using a line × tester mating system followed by line × tester analysis to further evaluate the combining ability of different crosses. The ability of parents to combine well for CLCuD % revealed that FH-490 (-9.69) followed by FH-444 (-9.23) showed negative and highly significant estimates among lines while among testers, FH-142 (- 9.66) remained highly significant and negative. Specifically, the negative and highly desirable estimates were provided by the cross combination namely FH-490 × VH-327 (-8.95), FH-458 × FH-142 (-7.81), VH-363 × FH-Lalazar (-6.90), MNH1016 × VH-327 (-5.09), FH-490 × FH-142 (-4.17). Dominance variance was higher than additive variance for most of the characters studied including CLCuD tolerance. The results concluded that the identified parents and crosses obtained can further be manipulated for future breeding aimed at CLCuD tolerance in Pakistan and all over the world.
Boron biofortification through seed coating: a way to alleviate malnutrition and to improve grain yield of bread wheat
Authors: Iqbal Saba
Published: April 2022

Three experiments were conducted to optimize boron (B) delivery through seed coating for improving wheat yield and biofortification to fight against the malnutrition in the most consumable crop. First experiment was conducted in Petri plates kept in laboratory at room temperature. Seed were coated with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 g B kg-1 seed by boric acid (H3BO3) and borax (Na2B4O7) as source of B. Results of this experiment revealed that least mean germination time (MGT) was recorded in seed coated with 0.05 g B kg-1 using borax as source of B (2.06 days) than control (2.34 days) followed by 0.25 g B kg-1 seed using same source and 0.25, 0.50 g B kg-1 seed using boric acid. Higher final germination percentage (FGP) was also recorded in 0.25, 0.50 g B kg-1 seed by using boric acid (100% and 98.8% respectively) and 0.25, 0.50 g B kg-1 seed by using borax (100% and 100% respectively). Moreover, higher shoot length (10.68 cm) was recorded in seed coated with 0.25 g B kg-1 seed using boric acid, while higher root length and seedling dry weight (13.49 cm and 17.88 mg respectively) was recorded in seed coated with 0.25 g B kg-1 seed using borax. Optimized seed coating treatments 0.25 ad 0.50 g B (as boric acid and borax) kg-1 seed were further evaluated against uncoated control seed in 2nd experiment which was conducted in sand filled small cups kept in laboratory at room temperature. Seed coated by 0.25 and 0.50 g B (as borax) kg-1 seed resulted in higher seedling growth i.e., root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight, than control. In 3rd experiment seed were coated with 0.25 and 0.50 g B (as borax) kg-1 seed. This experiment was conducted in soil filled clay pots kept in glass house in room temperature. Results of this experiment showed that treatments did not influence seedling emergence; nonetheless, seed coating using 0.25 g B kg-1 seed enhanced grain yield (13.75 g per pot) and grain B concentration (1.76 µg g -1 ). In conclusion, wheat seed may be coated with 0.25 g B (as borax) kg-1 seed to mend seedling growth, grain yield and grain B concentration of wheat. Increased B concentration wheat grain may play a significant role to eliminate malnutrition in humans if adapted in the wheat cultivation.
SRH needs of Syrian refugees in Jordan nine years post crisis: with emphasis on MISP implementation and transition into comprehensive SRH services
Authors: Amiri Mirwais , Nsour Mohannad Al , Alaloul Enas , Chahien Tala , Kobeissi Loulou Hassan
Published: April 2022

Background: Millions of Syrians have been forcibly displaced since March 2011. Most of them live in neighbouring countries, including Jordan, with adolescent girls and women as the most vulnerable populations. After almost nine years of the protracted crisis, it was essential to examine available evidence around the effectiveness of MISP/SRH interventions implemented for them in Jordan to inform the humanitarian community and the government by identifying best practices, essential gaps, bottlenecks, and lessons learnt. Methods: Using a previously validated MISP/SRH survey tool and combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, an assessment was conducted in 2018 in four governorates of Jordan to evaluate the availability of MISP/SRH interventions/programs. Data were obtained by trained data collectors and analyzed in SPSS-IBM.Results: Overall, 58 key informants (KIs) from 15 different entities/agencies participated in the assessment. KIs/respondents had various levels of knowledge/sources of information about the MISP/SRH services and had variable engagement in implementation. The results of this assessment highlighted significant knowledge gaps about the implementation of MISP objectives and priorities, even after almost nine years of the onset of the crisis. Among different MISP activities, family planning, maternal health, condom distribution, and newborn health services had the highest level of preparation and implementation, while availability of antiretrovirals (ARVs) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and access to safe blood had the lowest level of preparation and implementation. This assessment also showed lack of national coordination in the provision of different SRH services, lack of a national plan for capacity building, and lack of adequate logistics support systems and funding. Conclusions: Important gaps in the knowledge and implementation of MISP/SRH activities continue to exist in Jordan almost nine years into the Syrian displacement. Areas in need of focus include: national coordination in the provision of SRH services, a national plan for capacity building, logistics support systems, and funding for MISP/SRH services provision. Additional funding needs include: Capacity building of service providers with focus on training activities around different MISP/SRH services, facilitating emergency preparedness, improving coordination, and improving referral systems.
Jiinshihoto may improve immunity by improving depression in patients with mild pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Waseda Yuko , Yamaguchi Makiko , Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Kimura Satomi , Yamaoka Koji , Kurokawa Kosuke , Chikazawa Ryo , Takeda Toshihiro , Sato Masayuki , Nakashima Koki , Mitsui Miho , Shimada Akikazu , Sonoda Tomoaki , Honjo Chisato , Kadowaki Maiko , Umeda Yukihiro , Anzai Masaki , Ishizuka Tamotsu
Published: April 2022

Background: In Japan, pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) disease is highly prevalent. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Jiinshihoto (JST) for treating pulmonary MAC disease. Methods: Twenty-four patients, not receiving standard treatment for pulmonary MAC disease, were enrolled in this study; of these, 21 patients (3 patients dropped out of the study) were eligible and selected to participate. They were administered JST (3.0 g; Tsumura Co., Tokyo, Japan) three times per day for 12 months. Their weight, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) score, NK cell activity, chest computed tomography (CT) results, blood sample results, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were measured: (i) before JST administration, (ii) after 3 months, and (iii) at the end of the study. Results: Before JST administration, the exacerbation group (n = 10 patients; 6 patients with worsened conditions at the end of the study and 4 patients who were switched to standard treatment during the study because of exacerbation) had a significantly low body mass index (BMI), mild depression, and high anxiety. The overall patient population showed no significant differences in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment score, body weight, or natural killer cell activity after 3 months of treatment; however, the SDS score improved significantly. At the end of treatment, the nutritional scores had worsened, but the SDS score improved significantly. Specifically, the SDS scores improved significantly only in the non-exacerbation group (n = 11 patients), and natural killer cell activity improved in the non-exacerbation group. Additionally, a comparison of the data of both groups before and after JST administration showed that the exacerbation group had significantly lower BMI and worse CT scores when using a BMI cutoff of 18.4 (sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 70%). Conclusion: Patients with a high BMI and low CT score at the time of initial diagnosis may benefit from JST treatment, which may significantly improve depression and immunity and prevent disease progression. Therefore, JST may be an effective treatment in selected pulmonary MAC patients.Trial registration: This study has been registered in the UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000033590, August 1, 2018).
Social management-CO2 emissions nexus in Pakistan: Do economic asymmetries matter?
Authors: Rizwanullah Muhammad , Liang Lizhi , Nasrullah Muhammad , Sohail Muhammad Tayyab
Published: April 2022

The study makes an effort to examine the association between education, health expenditure, GDP per capita, and pollution emissions for Pakistan from 1991 to 2019. The study uses a non-linear ARDL model to capture short-run and long-run asymmetric effects among variables. The findings confirm the existence of an asymmetric relationship among variables in the short-run and long-run. Positive shocks of education, health expenditures, and GDP per capita reveal that education and health expenditures have a negative influence on carbon emissions, however, GDP has a positive influence on carbon emissions in the long-run. On the other hand, negative shocks of education, health expenditures, and GDP per capita reveal that education has no significant impact on carbon emissions, while a decrease in health expenditures and GDP per capita leads to a reduction in carbon emissions in the long run. These results have imperative implications for analysts as well as management of the Pakistan economy.