bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental enrichment increases prefrontal EEG power and synchrony with the hippocampus in rats with anterior thalamus lesions
Authors: Ulrich Katharina , Spriggs Megg J. , Abraham Wickliffe C. , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , McNaughton Neil
Published: August 2018

The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) are a major interface between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex within an extended Papez circuit. Rat models suggest that the deficits caused by ATN damage, which is associated with “diencephalic amnesia”, can be ameliorated by environmental enrichment (EE) through unknown mechanisms. We examined whether changes in theta rhythmicity within and between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are influenced by EE in rats with ATN lesions. Here, we show that ATN lesions and EE produced essentially opposed functional effects in terms of changes in rhythmicity between two consecutive trials when rats forage for chocolate hail. On the second trial, standard‐housed rats with ATN lesions showed: (a) a clear reduction in prefrontal cortex experience‐dependent power change in the theta band and in two adjacent bands; (b) little change in the theta band in hippocampal area CA1; and (c) only a modest overall reduction in experience‐dependent power change at lower theta frequencies in the dentate gyrus. EE exposure prevented the decrease in prefrontal theta power in rats with ATN lesions, and in fact caused a clear increase in prefrontal cortex power across all bands. While ATN lesions did not reliably affect prefrontal‐CA1 or prefrontal‐dentate theta coherence, EE increased the coherence between prefrontal cortex and area CA1 in both the sham and ATN groups. Thus, EE increases functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus via pathways that bypass the ATN, and increases behaviorally dependent prefrontal rhythmicity. These EEG effects may contribute to improved learning and memory in the ATN‐lesion model of diencephalic amnesia.
Safety and tolerability of lurbinectedin (PM01183) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Benton Christopher B. , Chien Kelly S. , Tefferi Ayalew , Rodriguez Jose , Ravandi Farhad , Daver Naval , Jabbour Elias , Jain Nitin , Alvarado Yesid , Kwari Monica , Pierce Sherry , Maiti Abhishek , Hornbaker Marisa , Santos Margarida A. , Martinez Sara , Siguero Mariano , Zblewski Darci , Al‐Kali Aref , Hogan William J. , Kantarjian Hagop , Pardanani Animesh , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: August 2018

Trabectedin is an FDA‐approved DNA minor groove binder that has activity against translocation‐associated sarcomas. Lurbinectedin is a next‐generation minor groove binder with preclinical activity against myeloid leukemia cells. A dose‐finding phase 1 clinical trial was performed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with further assessment of safety and tolerability. Forty‐two patients with relapsed/refractory AML/MDS received lurbinectedin administered as a 1‐hour intravenous infusion in a 3 + 3 study design. Two dosing schedules were used: 3.5, 5, 7, or 6 mg on days 1 and 8 or 2, 3, 1, or 1.5 mg for 3 consecutive days on days 1 to 3. Three patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicities of rhabdomyolysis (grade 4), hyperbilirubinemia (grade 3), and oral herpes (grade 3) with the day 1 and 8 schedule. Otherwise, adverse events mainly consisted of gastrointestinal manifestations (n = 11), febrile neutropenia/infections (n = 4), pulmonary toxicity (n = 2), and renal failure (n = 2). The most common laboratory abnormalities observed were an increase in creatinine (93%) and anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia (100%). Overall, 33 of 42 patients (79%) had reduction in blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow. One patient achieved a partial response and 2 patients a morphologic leukemia‐free state. Most (n = 30, 71%) were discontinued due to progressive disease. Early deaths occurred from disease‐related causes that were not attributable to lurbinectedin. Four patients with a chromosome 11q21‐23 abnormality had significantly greater bone marrow blast reduction than those without such abnormality, with decrease of 31 ± 14% (n = 4) vs 8 ± 8% (n = 16), respectively (P = .04). Overall, lurbinectedin was safe and tolerated using the schedules and dose levels tested. While no sustained remissions were observed, single‐agent lurbinectedin was transiently leukemia suppressive for some patients.
Superior efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy in cT3‐4aN0M0 compared to cT2N0M0 bladder cancer
Authors: Hermans T.J.N. , Voskuilen C.S. , Deelen M. , Mertens L.S. , Horenblas S. , Meijer R.P. , Boormans J.L. , Aben K.K. , van der Heijden M.S. , Pos F.J. , de Wit R. , Beerepoot L.V. , Verhoeven R.H.A. , van Rhijn B.W.G.
Published: August 2018

In this study, we compared complete pathological downstaging (pCD, ≤(y)pT1N0) and overall survival (OS) in patients with cT2 versus cT3–4aN0M0 UC of the bladder undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neoadjuvant chemo‐ (NAC) or radiotherapy (NAR). A population‐based sample of 5,517 patients, who underwent upfront RC versus NAC + RC or NAR + RC for cT2‐4aN0M0 UC between 1995–2013, was identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Data were retrieved from individual patient files and pathology reports. pCD‐rates were compared using Chi‐square tests and OS was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analyses. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine odds (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) for pCD‐status and OS, respectively. We included 4,504 (82%) patients with cT2 and 1,013 (18%) with cT3–4a UC. Median follow‐up was 9.2 years. In cT2 UC, pCD‐rate was 25% after upfront RC versus 43% (p < 0.001) and 33% (p = 0.130) after NAC + RC and NAR + RC, respectively. In cT3–4a UC, pCD‐rate was 8% after upfront RC versus 37% (p < 0.001) and 16% (p = 0.281) after NAC + RC and NAR + RC, respectively. In cT2 UC, 5‐year OS was 57% and 51% for NAC + RC and upfront RC, respectively (p = 0.135), whereas in cT3–4a UC, 5‐year OS was 55% for NAC + RC versus 36% for upfront RC (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis for OS, NAC was beneficial in cT3–4a UC (HR: 0.67, 95%CI 0.51–0.89) but not in cT2 UC (HR: 0.91, 95%CI 0.72–1.15). NAR did not influence OS. In conclusion, NAC + RC was associated with superior pCD compared to RC alone and NAR + RC. Superior OS for NAC + RC compared to RC alone was especially evident in cT3–4a disease.
Chemopreventive role of olive oil in colon carcinogenesis by targeting noncoding RNAs and methylation machinery
Authors: Nanda Neha , Mahmood Safrun , Bhatia Alka , Mahmood Akhtar , Dhawan Devinder Kumar
Published: August 2018

Epigenetic therapy induced by dietary components has become a strong interest in the field of cancer prevention. Olive oil, a potent dietary chemopreventive agent, control colon cancer, however, its role in epigenetic therapy remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of olive oil in a preclinical model of colon cancer by targeting genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. DMH was used to induce colon cancer in rats; while olive oil was given to separate group of rats along with DMH treatment. Tumor burden and incidence in DMH and DMH + olive oil‐treated rats was observed by macroscopic examination and histoarchitectural studies. Potent anti‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenic and pro‐apoptotic activity of olive oil was explored by gene expression and immunohistochemical studies. The effect of olive oil on epigenetic alterations was examined by detecting promoter methylation with MS‐HRM and dysregulation of miRNA by TaqMan MicroRNA Assay. We observed that olive oil administration lowered tumor incidence and inhibited the development of tumors in DMH‐treated rats. Olive oil markedly decreased the expression of inflammatory and angiogenic markers and restored the expression of pro‐apoptotic markers in DMH‐treated rats. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between gene expression and DNA methylation, deviant miRNA pattern and miRNA silencing mediated by aberrant DNA methylation was also seen in DMH‐treated rats, which was potentially reversible upon olive oil treatment. Our study concludes that olive oil may play a role in the epigenetic therapy by altering NF‐κB and apoptotic pathways via targeting noncoding RNAs and methylation machinery that affecting epigenome to prevent colon carcinogenesis.
A Plea for Identity and Criticality: Reframing Literacy Learning Standards Through a Four‐Layered Equity Model
Authors: Muhammad Gholnecsar E.
Published: August 2018

Currently, learning standards that govern schools are skills and knowledge centered, but when revisiting historical roots of literacy learning in communities of color, literacy was much more expansive and advanced to also include goals of identity meaning making and criticality. In this essay, the author argues for a reframed set of learning standards in literacy education—one that is grounded in the historical excellence of literacy development. The four‐layeredHILLframework offered in the essay embodies a teaching and learning model that is in concert for advancing students’ identity, skill development, intellectualism and criticality. This model becomes essential for youth in classrooms, especially youth of color who have been traditionally marginalized in learning standards, policies, and school practices. Further, the framework incorporates multiple theoretical orientations to pedagogy including cognitive, sociocultural, critical and sociohistorical theories.
Switching generalized autoregressive score copula models with application to systemic risk
Authors: Bernardi Mauro , Catania Leopoldo
Published: August 2018

Recent financial disasters have emphasized the need to accurately predict extreme financial losses and their consequences for the institutions belonging to a given financial market. The ability of econometric models to predict extreme events strongly relies on their flexibility to account for the highly nonlinear and asymmetric dependence patterns observed in financial time series. In this paper, we develop a new class of flexible copula models where the dependence parameters evolve according to a Markov switching generalized autoregressive score (GAS) dynamics. Maximum likelihood estimation is performed using a two‐step procedure where the second step relies on the expectation–maximization algorithm. The proposed switching GAS copula models are then used to estimate the conditional value at risk and the conditional expected shortfall, measuring the impact on an institution of extreme events affecting another institution or the market. The empirical investigation, conducted on a panel of European regional portfolios, reveals that the proposed model is able to explain and predict the evolution of the systemic risk contributions over the period 1999–2015.
Two‐photon excitation and direct emission from S2 state of U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved near‐infrared dye: Application of anti‐Kasha's rule for two‐photon fluorescence imaging
Authors: Kumari Anshu , Gupta Sharad
Published: August 2018

In recent years, two‐photon fluorescence microscopy has gained significant interest in bioimaging. It allows the visualization of deeply buried inhomogeneities in tissues. The near‐infrared (NIR) dyes are also used for deep tissue imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved exogenous contrast agent in the NIR region for clinical applications. However, despite its potential candidature, it had never been used as a two‐photon contrast agent for biomedical imaging applications. This letter provides an insight into the scope and application of the two‐photon excitation property of ICG to the second excited singlet (S2) state in aqueous solution. Furthermore, in this work, we demonstrate the two‐photon cellular imaging application of ICG using direct fluorescence emission from S2 state for the first time. Our results show that two‐photon excitation to S2 state of ICG could be achieved with approximately 790 nm wavelength of femtosecond laser, which lies in well‐known “tissue‐optical window.” This property would enable light to penetrate much deeper in the turbid medium such as biological tissues. Thus, ICG could be used as the first FDA approved NIR exogenous contrast agent for two‐photon imaging. These findings can make remarkable influence on preclinical and clinical cell imaging.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐133a inhibits gastric cancer cells growth, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process by targeting presenilin 1
Authors: Chen Xin‐Bo , Li Wei , Chu Ai‐Xia
Published: August 2018

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Accumulating evidence reported that microRNA (miR)‐133a was involved in GC. This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of miR‐133a in the development and progression of GC. The expression of miR‐133a and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) in two GC cell lines, SGC‐7901 and BGC‐823, were inhibited and overexpressed by transient transfections. Thereafter, cell viability, migration, and apoptosis were measured by trypan blue exclusion assay, transwell migration assay, and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify whether PSEN1 was a direct target of miR‐133a. Furthermore, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were mainly performed to assess the expression changes of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐associated proteins, apoptosis‐related proteins, and Notch pathway proteins. MiR‐133a inhibitor significantly increased cell viability and migration, while miR‐133a mimic decreased cell viability, migration, and induced apoptosis. miR‐133a suppression accelerated transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induce EMT, as evidenced by upregulation of E‐cadherin, and downregulation of N‐cadherin, vimentin, and Slug. Of contrast, miR‐133a overexpression blocked TGF‐β1‐induce EMT by altering these factors. PSEN1 was a direct target of miR‐133a, and suppression of PSEN1 abolished the promoting functions of miR‐133 suppression on cell growth and metastasis. Moreover, PSEN1 inhibition decreased Notch 1, Notch 2, and Notch 3 protein expressions. This study demonstrates an antigrowth and antimetastasis role of miR‐133a in GC cells. Additionally, miR‐133a acts as a tumor suppressor may be via targeting PSEN1.
Characterization and proteomic profiling of pancreatic cancer‐derived serum exosomes
Authors: Jiao Yu‐J. , Jin Dan‐D. , Jiang Feng , Liu Jin‐X. , Qu Li‐S. , Ni Wen‐K. , Liu Zhao‐X. , Lu Cui‐H. , Ni Run‐Z. , Zhu Jing , Xiao Ming‐B.
Published: August 2018

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers known worldwide, and its prognosis is poor in most patients. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles, which are released from various cell types. They are involved in cellular communication. The diagnosis and treatment of PC were improved substantially with exosomes. In this study, we isolated PC‐derived exosomes and investigated their proteomic profile. Then, we conducted bioinformatic analysis on proteomic data. Differential ultracentrifugation was performed to isolate exosomes from human serum samples and four PC cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis were used to characterize the isolated exosomes. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to identify the proteome of serum exosomes. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that all the serum exosomes were derived from three cohorts of human subjects; these serum exosomes contained a total of 655 proteins, out of which 315 proteins overlapped with ExoCarta database. Gene oncology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses provided the functional annotation of the proteome. Interestingly, 18 or 14 proteins were upregulated and 11 or 14 proteins were downregulated in serum exosomes derived from patients with PC as compared with in serum exosomes derived from healthy volunteers or from pancreatitis patients respectively. Annexin A11, a calcium‐dependent phospholipid‐binding protein, was expressed in a PC cell line (CFPAC‐1)‐derived exosomes and in tumor tissues of patients with PC, respectively. Our data provided a basic foundation for further studies on the protein composition of PC‐derived exosomes and its involvement in PC biology.
Blocking CXCR1/2 contributes to amelioration of lipopolysaccharide‐induced sepsis by downregulating substance P
Authors: Wang Miaoshu , Zhong Danfeng , Dong Ping , Song Yukang
Published: August 2018

Objectives

C‐X‐C chemokine receptor types 1/2 (CXCR1/2) is known to be activated in liver damage in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure; however, the role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced sepsis is unknown. The current study was designed to determine whether or not CXCR1/2 blockade with reparixin ameliorates acute lung injury (ALI) by affecting neuropeptides in a LPS‐induced sepsis mouse model.

Materials and Methods

Male C57BL/6 mice (10 to 14‐week old) were divided into sham, LPS, sham‐R, and LPS‐R groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and evaluated. The lung histopathology was assessed by immunocytochemistry staining. Western blot analysis was used to measure myeloperoxidase, substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide.

Results

LPS‐induced animal models were ameliorated by cotreatment with a CXCR1/2 antagonist. Moreover, the protective effects of CXCR1/2 antagonists were attributed to the increased secretion of pro‐opiomelanocortin and decreased the secretion of SP. Reparixin decreased the expression of necroptosis cell death markers induced by LPS.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that blockade of CXCR1/2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis‐associated ALI through regulation of neuropeptides and necroptosis.
Chronic fatigue syndrome and the somatic expression of emotional distress: Applying the concept of illusory mental health to address the controversy
Authors: Bram Anthony D. , Gottschalk Kiley A. , Leeds William M.
Published: August 2018

Objective

The process of somatization in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) was investigated using the concept of illusory mental health (IMH). IMH involves self‐reporting low emotional distress alongside performance‐based assessment of distress.

Method

We studied IHM and physical symptoms in 175 women across four groups: (a) CFS plus depression; (b) CFS with no depression (CFS‐ND); (c) depressive disorder without CFS; and (d) healthy controls (HC). IMH was assessed using a self‐report measure plus the performance‐based Early Memory Index (EMI).

Results

CFS‐NDs were no more likely to have IMH compared with HCs. Among the CFS‐NDs, IMH was associated with more physical symptoms. For CFS‐NDs, EMI added meaningfully beyond self‐reported mental health in predicting physical symptoms.

Conclusion

Findings refute reducing CFS to somatization, but there is a subgroup of CFS whose lacking access to emotional distress is associated with heightened physical symptomatology.
A qualitative study to explore paraprofessionals’ role in school‐based prevention and early intervention mental health services
Authors: Rusch Dana , Walden Angela L. , Gustafson Erika , Lakind Davielle , Atkins Marc S.
Published: August 2018

This study explored the role of paraprofessionals within a school‐based prevention and early intervention program to promote children's engagement in learning and positive parenting practices. Study aims were designed to understand how paraprofessionals perceive their role in high‐need communities and how they define their work within schools. Two focus groups were conducted with school family liaisons (SFLs) during the 2015–2016 school year. Transcribed audio recordings were coded using thematic analysis wherein 2 authors coded independently, followed by audited discussion and final consensus codes. SFLs acknowledged the importance of serving high‐need communities and relationship building was central to their role. They leveraged contextual knowledge (culture, language, and neighborhood) to engage parents, allowing them to serve as effective advocates for parents/families in the school setting. Findings support the importance of paraprofessionals in prevention‐focused services and highlight how leveraging shared experiences and prioritizing relationship building facilitates their work as advocates within schools.
Changes in Health‐Related Quality of Life in People With Intellectual Disabilities Who Discontinue Long‐Term Used Antipsychotic Drugs for Challenging Behaviors
Authors: Ramerman Lotte , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Kuijper Gerda
Published: August 2018

Health‐related quality of life in people with intellectual disabilities can be affected by challenging behaviors and side effects of antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of discontinuation antipsychotic drugs on health‐related quality of life, including data from 2 discontinuation trials: an open‐label trial of various antipsychotic drugs and a double‐blind trial of risperidone. In both studies, antipsychotics were discontinued in 14 weeks, with steps of 12.5% of the baseline dosage every 2 weeks. Health‐related quality of life was measured at baseline and at 16 weeks, and 40 weeks after baseline, by means of the RAND‐36 (domains on physical well‐being, role limitations caused by physical or emotional problems, vitality, pain, mental well‐being, social functioning, general health, and changes in health). Participants who had completely discontinued antipsychotics according to the scheduled discontinuation and were still free of use at 40 weeks were compared with those who had incompletely discontinued. Physical well‐being showed an increase in the group that had achieved complete discontinuation. Social functioning showed a decrease in the group that incompletely discontinued, which recovered at follow‐up. Mental well‐being decreased at 16 weeks but recovered at follow‐up, regardless of complete or incomplete discontinuation. To conclude, discontinuation of antipsychotics had a positive effect on physical well‐being when complete discontinuation was possible. When complete discontinuation was not possible, there was a negative effect on health‐related quality‐of‐life domains. However, none of the unfavorable effects were irreversible.
Novel 4‐Heteroaryl‐antipyrines: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Evaluation as Potential Anti‐breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Tao Ziqi , Gomha Sobhi M. , Badrey Mohamed G. , El‐Idreesy Tamer T. , Eldebss Taha M. A.
Published: August 2018

Reaction of 1‐[4‐(1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐2‐phenylsulfonyl‐1‐ethanone (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the 4‐(3‐mercapto‐3‐(phenylamino)‐2‐(phenylsulfonyl)acryloyl)‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3(2H)‐one (2). Treatment of compound 2 with hydrazonoyl chlorides 3a–h afforded the corresponding1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives 5a–h. Cyclocondensation reaction of compound 2 with the appropriate α‐halo‐compounds 6, 8, 10, 12a,b or 14 (ethyl 2‐chloroacetate, chloroacetonitrile, 1‐chloropropan‐2‐one, 2‐bromo‐1‐phenylethanone, 2‐bromo‐1‐p‐tolylethanone, and 2‐bromoacetyl‐3H‐benzo [f]chromen‐3‐one) afforded the 1,3‐thiazole derivatives 7, 9, 11, 13a,b, and 15, respectively. Coupling of the ketosulphone 1 with the appropriate diazotized 4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐amine 16 and 2‐aminobenzimidazole 19 afforded triazolo[5,1‐c][1, 2, 4]triazine 18 and benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐c][1, 2, 4]triazine 21, respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data and evaluated as potential anti‐breast cancer agents. Moreover, the computational studies using MOE 2014.09 software are confirming the results in biological activity.
Hospitals should replace emergency codes with plain language
Authors: Dauksewicz Benjamin W.
Published: August 2018

The common and frequent use of emergency codes by hospitals to communicate during life‐threatening emergencies routinely segregates hospital staff from patients, visitors, and first‐responders during emergencies by providing each group with a different level of information regarding the threat. By relying on codes instead of plain language to communicate during an emergency, a hospital may introduce ambiguity into a potentially life‐threatening situation. Consequently, this means that coded alerts may endanger staff, patients, and visitors rather than protecting them from threats.

This paper will maintain that (1) relying on codes, even standardized color codes for hospitals, interferes with the full integration of health care into the National Incident Management System (NIMS); (2) that planning to use plain language notifications improves coordination among response partners and ultimately increases safety for hospital patients, staff, and visitors; and (3) that the change to plain language is both practical and possible. This paper identifies both real world events and studies that demonstrate the benefits of using plain language alerts with directive messaging to elicit the desired response among members of the public during emergencies. This paper also presents guides that hospitals can use to transition from coded emergency messaging to plain language emergency alerts.
The utility of cross‐sectional imaging in the management of suspected scaphoid fractures
Authors: Wijetunga Asanka R. , Tsang Venessa H. , Giuffre Bruno
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Scaphoid fractures are the commonest carpal bone fracture. If untreated they pose significant risk to patients, thus if a scaphoid fracture is suspected, patients are managed with immobilisation. Although scaphoid fractures may be difficult to diagnose on plain radiography, sometimes for months after injury, ongoing radiographic surveillance is preferred due to its low upfront cost. Patients in immobilising casts for long periods experience significant personal and social ramifications such as difficulty working and self‐caring. This study examines whether cross‐sectional imaging by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is quicker than serial X‐ray surveillance at allowing a scaphoid fracture to be either excluded or confirmed.

Methods

A retrospective record review was performed of the 1709 patients who presented to Royal North Shore Hospital in 2015 with wrist injuries, finding 104 patients clinically suspicious for a fractured scaphoid.

Results

All patients were examined by X‐ray during their initial hospital presentation, providing 33.7% of final diagnoses in 0.6 ± 1.7 days. However, if initial X‐ray proved inconclusive, subsequent serial X‐ray surveillance made a final diagnosis after a mean of 24.1 ± 17.2 days, with some being immobilised for up to 67 days before diagnosis. Cross‐sectional imaging significantly reduced diagnosis time to 9.8 ± 5.8 days (P = 0.0016), with a maximum immobilisation time of 24 days.

Conclusion

Cross‐sectional imaging allows for faster scaphoid fracture diagnosis than X‐ray. We propose a protocol for scaphoid fracture diagnosis wherein patients undergo two episodes of X‐ray separated by 7 days, followed by a single MRI if clinical suspicion remains, minimising unnecessary immobilisation.
Efficacy and safety of cardioversion with continuous landiolol infusion for atrial tachyarrhythmia in an inflammatory state caused by volvulus in a child with TARP syndrome and postoperative tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Miyamoto Kenji , Ishii Junpei , Fukuda Hironobu , Ariga Shinichiro , Suzumura Hiroshi , Kurosawa Hidemitsu , Kamijima Toru , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Ogino Megumi , Tsuchioka Takashi , Yoshihara Shigemi
Published: August 2018

A 2‐year‐old boy was diagnosed with TARP syndrome and underwent surgery for tetralogy of Fallot. He developed fever and had an acute abdomen. After 12 hours, atrial tachyarrhythmia (300 beats/min [bpm]) occurred. After nine administration of adenosine and two cardioversions, it relapsed promptly. Landiolol (10 μg/kg/min) was administered until the heart rate decreased to 270 bpm, and cardioversion was performed until sinus rhythm was normal. Exploratory laparotomy revealed small bowel volvulus. Systemic inflammation causing an acute abdomen may be associated with atrial tachyarrhythmia in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot. We speculated that landiolol lowered the defibrillation threshold of the atrium.
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Okubo Kenji , Gigli Lorenzo , Della Bella Paolo
Published: August 2018

The number of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) undergoing catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) has increased by the years, however, there are no randomized studies of VT ablation in this population. Many studies have reported more mixed or inferior outcome after the ablation in patients with NICM as compared to in those with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM)—likely because of the heterogeneous VT substrates in each etiology. While, various ablation strategies for substrate modification in the setting of ICM, including low voltage area ablation, late potential abolition, and local abnormal ventricular activity elimination, have been well established, it is still unknown which ablation strategy is effective for prevention of recurrence VTs in NICM patients. Therefore, this review will highlight the recent progress made in VT ablation in patients with NICM.
Cost, Time, and Error Assessment During Preparation of Parenteral Nutrition: Multichamber Bags Versus Hospital‐Compounded Bags
Authors: Berlana David , Almendral M. Asunción , Abad María Reyes , Fernández Ana , Torralba Amalia , Cervera‐Peris Mercedes , Piñeiro Guadalupe , Romero‐Jiménez Rosa , Vázquez Amparo , Ramírez Esther , Yébenes María , Muñoz Álvaro
Published: August 2018

Background

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with material and manpower costs and requires preparation time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost of PN using multichamber bags (MCBs) compared with hospital‐compounded bags (COBs). The secondary aim of this study was to assess and compare preparation time and errors related to the production and preparation processes of PN bags.

Materials and Methods

A prospective, observational, cost‐accounting study was conducted in 10 Spanish hospital pharmacy services. The cost assessments included components, raw materials, and hospital staff. Only PN bags with equivalent volume and nutrition value were included in the analyses. Assessment of errors related to PN was performed simultaneously with the cost and time comparison analyses.

Results

Among the 597 PN bags (295 MCBs, 302 COBs) evaluated, 392 PN bags (295 MCBs, 97 COBs) had an equivalent volume and nutrition value. The mean (standard deviation) total cost of the MCB was $62.11 ($12.34) per bag compared with $67.54 ($8.50) per bag for COBs, resulting in a significant cost savings of $5.71. On average, the time required to prepare an MCB was 38 minutes shorter (P < .001). Significantly fewer total number (percent) of errors was observed in the preparation of MCBs (3 [1.0%]) compared with COBs (15 [5.0%]); P < .01).

Conclusion

The use of MCBs results in significant savings in cost and preparation time, which may have a beneficial effect on the economic burden associated with PN as well as a reduction in errors related to PN preparation.
Solid‐state reflective displays (SRD®) for video‐rate, full color, outdoor readable displays
Authors: Talagrand Clement , Triggs Graham , Bandhu Lokeshwar , Garcia‐Castillo Sergio , Broughton Ben , Bhaskaran Harish , Hosseini Peiman
Published: August 2018

Solid‐state reflective displays (SRD®) have been proposed as a new route for next generation reflective displays. We present the first optical measurements of a combined RGBW states, together with a simulated black state. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a future high performance, video capable, full color, solid‐state reflective display.
Oncologic reconstruction of the proximal humerus with a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty megaprosthesis
Authors: Grosel Timothy W. , Plummer Darren R. , Mayerson Joel L. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Barlow Jonathan D.
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose

Both malignant and benign tumors of the proximal humerus may necessitate resection of a substantial portion of the proximal humerus, making reconstruction options challenging. While hemiarthroplasty has been a classic treatment, reverse total shoulder replacement may provide better pain relief and function for these patients.

Methods

We utilize a two‐surgeon approach for these challenging cases. The orthopedic oncologist resects the tumor. A shoulder‐trained surgeon implants the reverse shoulder replacement. Modern implants, with large glenospheres and modular components, can allow reliable, straightforward reconstructions for these patients. We prefer 6 weeks of postoperative immobilization to decrease the risk of instability.

Results

We have completed 13 reverse total shoulder replacements for oncologic shoulder resections, with acceptable clinical outcomes and no complications to date.

Conclusion

Reverse total shoulder replacement with long‐stem, modular components can reliably and reproducibly reconstruct the shoulder in patients with oncologic resections of the proximal humerus.
Broadcast supplemental feeding and northern bobwhite demographics in Texas
Authors: McLaughlin John W. , Wiley Derek S. , Dabbert C. Brad , Terhune Theron M.
Published: August 2018

Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) abundance is declining. Food limitations have been hypothesized to exacerbate the boom and bust cycle exhibited by bobwhites, with supplemental feeding advocated as a way to mitigate this annual variability in demographics. A new technique (i.e., broadcast feeding) has exhibited positive effects on the seasonal survival of bobwhites. To ensure the safe adoption of any management practice, replication is necessary. We employed a randomized, crossover experimental design to evaluate the effect of 3 different supplemental feed rates (full [69.1 kg/km], half [34.6 kg/km], control [no feed]) on bobwhite survival and used the known‐fate data type to assess the fate of radio‐marked individuals within the Rolling Plains of Texas, USA. We assessed temporal (biological vs. calendar season) and treatment‐level (feed vs. control) effects on survival. Our top temporal model included an interaction between year and calendar season as the most parsimonious model. Survival was lowest during winter. The most parsimonious treatment‐level model included an interaction between feed and winter, plus the additive effect of snow depth. The application of the full and half feed treatments had positive effects on survival during winter compared to control units in both years, across all pastures. Our data indicated there was no difference between the full and half feed rates. Snow accumulation had a negative effect on survival in both years. Broadcast feeding improved winter survival rates and subsequently, the number of females available entering the breeding season. Broadcast feeding serves as an additional management tool for wildlife managers within a strategic management program to benefit bobwhite survival during periods of physiological stress. We recommend the continued use of this management technique in regions where similar range and weather conditions exist to further evaluate its effectiveness. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis, kinetics, and mechanism of bromophenols by N‐bromophthalimide in aqueous acetic acid
Authors: Anjaiah Birla , Prameela Kethavath , Srinivas Pabba , Rajanna Kamatala Chinna
Published: August 2018

The kinetics and mechanism of bromination of phenol and its substituents, viz. 4‐chlorophenol, 4‐bromophenol, 4‐methylphenol, and 4‐methoxyphenol by N‐bromophthalimide (NBP) in the presence of mercuric acetate in the temperature range of 303–318 K in aqueous acetic acid medium have been investigated. The reaction follows first‐order dependence on [NBP] and fractional order dependence of rate on [Phenol]. The activation parameters have been evaluated, and based on the observed kinetic results the probable mechanism has been proposed. Observed kinetic features and Hammett's reaction constant (ρ) suggests that bromination occurs through electrophilic substitution of bromonium ion (Br+) into the aromatic ring in the transition state. Large negative entropy of activation values probably suggests the rigid nature of transition state.
Increased ammonia emissions from synthetic fertilizers and land degradation associated with reduction in arable land area in China
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Lian Zhongmin , Hao Xin , Gu Xiang , Hao Fanghua , Lin Chunye , Zhou Feng
Published: August 2018

For a long time, there has been an excessive use of synthetic fertilizers applied to the decreasing area of arable land to help meet the increasing food demand, which causes NH3 volatilization and land degradation. In this study, we conducted a nationwide inventory of NH3 emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in China from 1991 to 2013. We estimated that NH3 emissions increased from 3.20 to 5.21 Tg NH3 yr−1. Because of the different agricultural practices, fertilizer use schedules, and ambient temperature, monthly NH3 emissions have varied greatly. NH3 emissions during the spring and summer accounted for approximately 83% of the national total in 1991, 1998, 2005, and 2013. Similarly, the spatial distribution of NH3 emissions exhibited large heterogeneity in 1991, 1998, 2005, and 2013. High emissions occurred in the eastern and central provinces and eastern Sichuan. Based on NH3 emissions in Chinese counties for 1991–1998, 1999–2005, and 2006–2013, the Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to compute the changing trends in NH3 emissions and fertilization rates. The results showed that the NH3 emissions from the major grain‐producing regions increased, whereas those from the eastern provinces, which experienced rapid economic development, decreased. In addition, fertilizer amount, arable land area, grain yield, and primary industry have been shown to be largely correlated to NH3 emissions based on principal component analysis. Therefore, the results of this study have significant implications for improving the efficient use of fertilizers and preventing soil and/or land degradation.
Polarization‐to‐Phase Coupling at a Structured Surface for Plasmonic Structured Illumination Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Chonglei , Du Luping , Xin Ziqiang , Si Guangyuan , Yang Aiping , Lei Ting , Lin Jiao , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: August 2018

Polarization–phase interaction on the nanoscale is the cause of many unique effects that are absent or weak in traditional optics. These effects enable various applications in physics, nano‐optics, and material science. Here, by making use of a properly designed metasurface, polarization‐to‐phase coupling in a structured surface is investigated. The wavefront of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP), emitted from the metasurface, can be tuned continuously and linearly by changing the incident polarization along the longitudinal line at the Poincaré sphere. This type of phase modulation with polarization enables dynamic control of the wavefront. This is very different from other methods that achieve phase modulation through nano‐structures, which offer little room for tuning after the structure has been completed. As a demonstration of application, a plasmonic structured illumination microscope is achieved, where the near‐field standing‐wave of the SPP is controlled dynamically through the incident polarization. This improves both reliability and stability substantially. Metasurfaces are powerful tools to modulate the wavefront of an electromagnetic field. In combination with structured illumination microscopy (SIM) (the “Meta‐SIM”), this allows more degrees of freedom and should accelerate the progress of SIM technology.
Ring‐Banded Spherulitic Crystals of Poly(3‐butylthiophene) via Controlled Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Armas Jeremy A. , Reynolds Karina J. , Marsh Zachary M. , Stefik Morgan , Scott Gregory E. , Zhang Shanju
Published: August 2018

The preparation of ring‐banded spherulites in poly(3‐butylthiophene) via controlled solvent evaporation of solution‐cast films is reported. The spherulites display unusual concentric ring‐banded structures under both polarized and unpolarized lights. The size of the ring‐banded spherulites is 300 ± 100 µm in diameter and the periodicity of the bands is 15 ± 2 µm. The periodic bands of the spherulite consist of alternating ridge and valley surface patterns and the crystalline lamellae in the bands are more or less parallel to the radial growth direction of the spherulites. Local lamellar bending and branching are observed analogous to that of classical non‐conjugated polymers. A possible diffusion‐induced rhythmic growth mechanism is proposed to interpret the formation of periodic banding of the spherulite.
Evidence for the role of FMR1 gray zone alleles as a risk factor for parkinsonism in females
Authors: Loesch Danuta Z. , Tassone Flora , Mellick George D. , Horne Malcolm , Rubio Justin P. , Bui Minh Q. , Francis David , Storey Elsdon
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective There is convincing evidence that small CGG expansion (41‐54 repeats): FMR1 “gray zone” alleles (GZ) contribute to the risk of parkinsonism in males, but there is insufficient corresponding data in females. This study intends to fill this gap.

Methods We screened whole‐blood–derived DNA from a cohort of 601 females diagnosed with idiopathic PD, and from dry Guthrie blood spots from a local sample of 1,005 female newborns (population controls), for the size of the FMR1 CGG repeat using a PCR technique.

Results We found a significant excess (8.2%) of GZ carriers compared with 5.2% in the control sample, with a P value of 0.009 for the difference in proportions.

Conclusion FMR1 gray zone alleles are a significant risk factor for parkinsonism in females. These population data and occasional reports of FXTAS‐like or parkinsonian manifestations in carriers suggest possible mechanisms whereby the effects of these alleles synergize with the existing pathologies underpinning parkinsonism. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Young‐onset multiple system atrophy: Clinical and pathological features
Authors: Batla Amit , De Pablo‐Fernandez Eduardo , Erro Roberto , Reich Martin , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Barbosa Pedro , Balint Bettina , Ling Helen , Islam Saiful , Cortelli Pietro , Volkmann Jens , Quinn Niall , Holton Janice L. , Warner Thomas T. , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: August 2018

Background: The onset of multiple system atrophy (MSA) before age 40 years is referred to as “young‐onset MSA.” We identified clinical and pathological characteristics that might help with its early diagnosis and distinction from young‐onset Parkinson's disease and late‐onset MSA.

Methods: We reviewed the available clinical and pathological features in cases that fulfilled consensus criteria for diagnosis of probable MSA or had autopsy confirmed MSA with an onset before age 40 years and compared the clinical features with 16 autopsy confirmed cases with young‐onset Parkinson's disease and a large published series of late‐onset MSA from the European MSA Study Group.

Results: We identified 22 patients with young‐onset MSA, 8 of whom had available pathology. The mean age of onset was 36.7 years (standard deviation 2.3). Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia was more common, whereas myoclonus and pyramidal signs were less common in young‐onset Parkinson's disease when compared with young‐onset MSA. Dystonia, levodopa responsiveness, levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, and pyramidal signs were more common (P < .05) when compared with the data in late‐onset MSA. On postmortem analysis, the minimal‐change pathological variant was more common in young‐onset MSA (n = 2) than late‐onset MSA (P = .045), with a mean survival of 11.1 ± 3.2 years (range 5.5‐14.6) in pathologically confirmed cases of young‐onset MSA.

Conclusion: This study has identified useful differences that may improve diagnostic accuracy, help us understand the pathological basis, and assist clinicians with the early diagnosis of young‐onset MSA. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multiplicity and concentration results for fractional Schrödinger‐Poisson systems involving a Bessel operator
Authors: Shen Liejun
Published: August 2018

This paper is concerned with the fractional Schrödinger‐Poisson systems involving a Bessel operator. By using Mountain‐pass theorem and Ekeland's variational principle, we obtain the multiplicity and concentration of nontrivial solutions for the given problem. In particular, although there exist concave‐convex nonlinearities in our problem, it is not necessary to assume that the corresponding Lebesgue norm of the weight function of the convex term needs to be small enough.
Spatial invasion dynamics for a time period predator‐prey system
Authors: Lin Guo , Wang Renhu
Published: August 2018

This paper is concerned with the propagation theory of a predator‐prey system in a periodic environment. We consider the invasion process that the prey is the aboriginal, whereas the predator is the invader. If the initial habitat size of the predator is finite, then the asymptotic speed of spreading of the predator is given. Furthermore, the existence and nonexistence of traveling wave solutions are obtained, which defined a minimal wave speed of traveling wave solutions. Our results imply that the minimal wave speed of traveling wave solutions is equal to the asymptotic speed of spreading of the predator.
Morin Exerts Anti‐Arthritic Effects by Attenuating Synovial Angiogenesis via Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor‐γ
Authors: Yue Mengfan , Zeng Ni , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue
Published: August 2018

Scope

Morin, a flavonoid occurring in many dietary plants, can reduce the number of synovial blood vessels and ameliorate collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. Herein, its underlying mechanisms in view of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) pathway are addressed.

Methods and results

In vitro, wound‐healing and transwell assays are conducted to explore the effect of morin on HUVECs migration. Morin inhibits HUVECs migration and tube formation induced by VEGF, which is reversed by PPARγ antagonist GW9662 or siPPARγ. Molecular docking and competitive binding assays show that morin could bind to PPARγ. Morin increases the expression of PDK4 and CD36 in a PPARγ‐dependent manner and increases the luciferase activity in cells transfected with PPARγ plasmid, which indicates that morin could activate PPARγ after binding. In addition, morin increases the expression of PTEN, a target gene of PPARγ that suppresses angiogenesis and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling. The effects of morin on the PTEN‐PI3K/Akt pathway are diminished by GW9662 and siPPARγ. In vivo studies show that morin ameliorates rat CIA, reduces synovial angiogenesis, and upregulates the expression of PTEN in the synovium, which is almost completely abolished by GW9662.

Conclusions

Morin is a potential agonist of PPARγ, which attenuates synovial angiogenesis and arthritis via the PPARγ‐PTEN‐PI3K/Akt pathway.