bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A literature review and classification of the studies on “halal” in Islamic business journals (2010-2018)
Authors: Baran Tamer
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on halal research and conduct a content analysis of the same for the purpose of classification, as well as providing a comprehensive bibliography.

Design/methodology/approach

This literature review study covers 56 articles published in four journals between the years of 2010-2018. Journals indexed were from the Clarivate Analytics and Scopus databases and included at least one of the words “business”, “finance”, “management” and “marketing” together with the word “Islamic” in the title. Content analysis was used for the review of the articles and was carried out by two independent researchers with PhD degrees. Leonard’s (2001) approach was used to classify the articles.

Findings

The findings show that the number of studies into halal has increased in recent years. Moreover, it is found that studies have been conducted mainly in certain countries and specific sectors. Furthermore, one of the most important findings is that there are no denomination-based researches on halal in the journals included in the study.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study can be generalized only for the selected databases, journals and given period but not for all of the halal literature. Besides the research categories in the current study, further research can be conducted into various disused areas in terms of industry, country of study, product, denomination, etc.

Practical implications

The paper provides a comprehensive bibliography that will be useful, especially to researchers studying existing research and for contemplating future research.

Originality/value

This is the first paper that provides a comprehensive literature review and classification of halal literature for the period 2010-2018.
Centering community: enacting culturally responsive-sustaining YPAR during COVID-19
Authors: Marciano Joanne E. , Peralta Lee Melvin , Lee Ji Soo , Rosemurgy Hannah , Holloway Lillian , Bass Justice
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide insights for educators seeking to enact culturally responsive-sustaining education and research in the midst of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The authors examine what happened when the community-based Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) initiative they engaged with traditionally marginalized high school students was interrupted as a result of physical distancing necessitated by COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for this inquiry were taken from a broader on-going ethnography of youth’s participation in the YPAR project and included audio and video recordings from meetings of the YPAR initiative and messages exchanged between and among authors and youth. Authors used components of culturally responsive-sustaining education and theories related to student voice as an analytic frame through which they considered how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their work.

Findings

Three findings are examined in this paper. They consider: how youth participants and the authors stayed connected after they were no longer able to meet in person; how youth chose to center the needs of the subsidized housing community where they lived while continuing their work; and how youth and authors navigated the uncertainties they encountered in looking ahead to future possibilities for their study as the pandemic continued.

Originality/value

This study provides urgently needed insights for educators and researchers grappling with how they may enact culturally responsive-sustaining education and research during the COVID-19 global pandemic and beyond.
A grounded theory for the performance of temporary disaster response teams
Authors: Wegmann Reto M.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the most prevalent factors influencing the performance of temporary disaster response teams.

Design/methodology/approach

After a literature review on team performance and temporary organizations, this study uses the grounded theory approach, based on 13 years of United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination mission data.

Findings

Generic individual skills and a heterogeneous team composition are key. Speed of deployment trumps thoroughness of preparation. Partner organizations should contribute supporting capacities. Necessary leadership skills are simple rather than arcane. Uncontrollable factors must be accepted. Creativity plays only a small role.

Practical implications

Prioritize transferable competencies when selecting team members. Compose teams with regional, but not global, diversity. Reduce team leader training to basic leadership skills.

Originality/value

The intersection between temporary organizations and the performance of multinational disaster response teams is unexplored. Research aimed at increasing disaster response performance can contribute to human lives saved and advance general management and organization studies.
Collaboration during times of crisis
Authors: Patel Anant
Published: June 2020

Purpose

During difficult times, it is crucial that organizations can communicate and collaborate to maintain an effective workforce. The purpose of this paper is to share the real-life, practical experience of a business leader in how to successfully collaborate and succeed during times of crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The insights are gathered from real-world experience of the author in his position at his company.

Findings

This paper finds that we have seen some fantastic examples of collaboration amid the crisis landscape we are in, but we can only get to this point through ideation, innovation and collaboration. These three key areas, coupled with kindness and consideration for others, is what will ensure we all emerge from this storm united.

Originality/value

It is taken from the original experience and viewpoints of the author.
Tourophobia: fear of travel resulting from man-made or natural disasters
Authors: Çakar Kadir
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how crises impact overall tourist behaviour and travel preferences in times of crisis events, both man-made and natural disasters. In doing so, the present paper has been designed to provide a new conceptualization of travellers’ shifting preferences in terms of the selection of holiday destinations through the new concept of tourophobia and to classify this as a new type of tourist behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study uses a literature review as a qualitative deductive content analysis of 58 field studies published by major hospitality and tourism journals. By using a deductive content analysis approach, the current paper is designed to delineate tourist behaviour through a generic review of relevant literature detailing travellers’ preferences in times of crisis.

Findings

The developed concept of tourophobia and the suggested model, which proposes two possible scenarios, shows that traveller behaviour is heterogeneous in terms of the destination selection process; this finding is based on a content analysis of the articles chosen. Further, by using the developed model, the decline in travel and tourism can also be explained by an increase in what is termed in this paper “tourophobia”, which results from the various devastating effects of crises.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed model is expected to help destination managers and marketers to segment and forecast the future market demand of tourist travel preferences, thereby enabling them to form effective marketing strategies and increase their responsiveness during difficult times. Only articles from hospitality and tourism journals were subjected to content analysis; this is a major limitation of the study.

Originality/value

The present research contributes to current knowledge by describing the concept of tourophobia as a tourist behaviour in times of crisis. As an emerging phenomenon, it is also introduced as being one criterion for the selection of destinations and, therefore, is regarded as a driver for tourist behaviour, thus generating the originality of the paper. This study strives to provide a new direction for future studies on tourist behaviour, rather than offering new empirical data.
Application of the redundant‐lifting scheme for ground‐roll attenuation in near‐surface characterization using full‐waveform inversion on P‐wave seismic data
Authors: Alam Md Iftekhar , Shukla Khemraj
Published: June 2020

Seismic modelling of the shallow subsurface (within the first few metres) is often challenging when the data are dominated by ground‐roll and devoid of reflection. We showed that, even when transmission is the only available phase for analysis, fine‐scale and interpretable P‐wave velocity (VP) and attenuation (QP−1) models can still be prepared using full‐waveform inversion, with data being preconditioned for ground‐roll. To prove this idea, we suppressed the ground‐roll in two different ways before full‐waveform inversion modelling: first, through a bottom mute; second, through a novel wavelet transform‐based method known as the redundant‐lifting scheme. The applicability of full‐waveform inversion is tested through imaging two buried targets. These include a pair of utility water pipes with known diameters of 0.8 m and burial depths of 1.5 m, respectively. The second target is the poorly documented backfill, which was the former location of the pipe(s). The data for full‐waveform inversion are acquired along a 2D profile using a static array of 24, 40 Hz vertical component geophones and a buried point source. The results show that (a) the redundant‐lifting scheme better suppresses the ground roll, which in turn provides better images of the targets in full‐waveform inversion; and (b) the VP and QP−1 models from full‐waveform inversion of redundant‐lifting scheme data could detect the two targets adequately.
Idea paper: Community‐interaction analyses contribute to improving the performance of microbial fuel cells
Authors: Doi Hideyuki
Published: June 2020

Renewable energy resources can potentially solve global warming issues that arise from the large amounts of CO2 emissions from currently used energy resources. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) can produce electrical energy from the environment, making them attractive for energy harvesting. The structures and mechanisms of MFC have been studied for a few decades, and the performance of MFC has constantly been improved using new materials in the devices or by interacting microbial species on the anode chamber of MFC. However, the ecological phenomena, especially inter‐species interactions, within the microbial community in MFC are still largely unknown. Analysis and control of the microbial community have high potential to improve the MFC performance. In this idea paper, I have provided ways to analyze the species interactions in the microbial communities of MFC: (a) empirical dynamic modeling for detecting species interactions in MFC, and (b) network analysis to explore the core microbe species in the MFC. The interaction analyses of the microbial communities in MFC devices can potentially contribute to improving the performance of MFC.
Eutrophication as a driver of microbial community structure in lake sediments
Authors: Han Xingguo , Schubert Carsten Johnny , Fiskal Annika , Dubois Nathalie , Lever Mark Alexander
Published: June 2020

Lake sediments are globally important carbon sinks. Although the fate of organic carbon in lake sediments depends significantly on microorganisms, only few studies have investigated controls on lake sedimentary microbial communities. Here we investigate the impact of anthropogenic eutrophication, which affects redox chemistry and organic matter (OM) sources in sediments, on microbial communities across five lakes in central Switzerland. Lipid biomarkers and distributions of microbial respiration reactions indicate strong increases in aquatic OM contributions and microbial activity with increasing trophic state. Across all lakes, 16S rRNA genes analyses indicate similar depth‐dependent zonations at the phylum‐ and class‐level that follow vertical distributions of OM sources and respiration reactions. Yet, there are notable differences, such as higher abundances of nitrifying Bacteria and Archaea in an oligotrophic lake. Furthermore, analyses at the order‐level and below suggest that changes in OM sources due to eutrophication cause permanent changes in bacterial community structure. By contrast, archaeal communities are differentiated according to trophic state in recently deposited layers, but converge in older sediments deposited under different trophic regimes. Our study indicates an important role for trophic state in driving lacustrine sediment microbial communities and reveals fundamental differences in the temporal responses of sediment Bacteria and Archaea to eutrophication.
Harnessing the type I CRISPR‐Cas systems for genome editing in prokaryotes
Authors: Xu Zeling , Li Yanran , Li Ming , Xiang Hua , Yan Aixin
Published: June 2020

Genetic analysis is crucial to the understanding, exploitation, and control of microorganisms. The advent of CRISPR‐Cas‐based genome‐editing techniques, particularly those mediated by the single‐effector (Cas9 and Cas12a) class 2 CRISPR‐Cas systems, has revolutionized the genetics in model eukaryotic organisms. However, their applications in prokaryotes are rather limited, largely owing to the exceptional diversity of DNA homeostasis in microorganisms and severe cytotoxicity of overexpressing these nuclease proteins in certain genotypes. Remarkably, CRISPR‐Cas systems belonging to different classes and types are continuously identified in prokaryotic genomes and serve as a deep reservoir for expansion of the CRISPR‐based genetic toolkits. ~90% of the CRISPR‐Cas systems identified so far belong to the class 1 system which hinges on multi‐protein effector complexes for DNA interference. Harnessing these widespread native CRISPR‐Cas systems for ‘built‐in’ genome editing represents an emerging and powerful genetic tool in prokaryotes, especially in the genetically recalcitrant non‐model species and strains. In this progress review, we introduce the general workflow of this emerging editing platform and summarize its establishment in a growing number of prokaryotes by harnessing the most widespread, diverse type I CRISPR‐Cas systems present in their genomes. We also discuss the various factors affecting the success and efficiency of this editing platform and the corresponding solutions.
More Than IndyRef2? The Referendums (Scotland) Act 2020
Authors: Clark Alistair
Published: June 2020

Demands for a second Scottish independence referendum have persisted since 2014. The Scottish government introduced the Referendums (Scotland) Bill at Holyrood in May 2019 to enable referendums within the competence of the Scottish parliament. The Scottish National Party (SNP) government presented this as a framework enabling a range of referendums. Opponents saw this as legislating for a second independence referendum. The act will form a large part of the legal framework and rules for any second independence referendum. Importantly, the legislation provides innovation in electoral law more generally. This article discusses the background to the bill, its initial contents, and debates around and amendments to the bill. It discusses its electoral law innovations, before considering its limitations and place as constitutional debates play out over a second independence referendum.
Reduced Mythimna separata infestation on Bt corn could benefit aphids
Authors: Li Xiang‐Wen , Du Li‐Xiao , Zhang Lei , Peng Yu‐Fa , Hua Hong‐Xia , Romeis Jörg , Li Yun‐He
Published: June 2020

Use of genetically engineered plants that express insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been proven efficacious for managing lepidopteran pests. However, in some cases herbivores that are not targeted by the Bt trait have increased in importance. It has been suggested that reduced caterpillar damage to Bt crops could lead to decreased levels of induced plant defensive compounds which might benefit other non‐target herbivores. Here we investigated the potential effect of reduced damage by larvae of Mythimna separata on aphid populations in Bt corn. We compared the performance of Rhopalosiphum maidis feeding on non‐Bt corn plants that had been infested by M. separata larvae or were uninfested. The results showed that caterpillar‐infested corn plants significantly reduced the fitness of R. maidis leading to a prolonged nymphal development time, reduced adult longevity and fecundity compared to uninfested plants. Consequently, the population growth rate of corn aphids feeding on caterpillar‐infested corn plants was significantly lower than on uninfested plants. As expected, the aphids performed significantly better on Lepidoptera‐resistant Bt corn than on non‐Bt corn when plants were infested with M. separata, since the caterpillars caused very little damage to the Bt plants. The current findings indicate that reduced M. separata infestation could benefit aphid development in Bt corn. Bt corn has the potential to be commercialized in China in the near future and aphids and other non‐target pests should be monitored in the farming fields.
Antifungal activity of hypocrellin compounds and their synergistic effects with antimicrobial agents against Candida albicans
Authors: Song Shihao , Sun Xiuyun , Meng Lili , Wu Qianhua , Wang Ke , Deng Yinyue
Published: June 2020

Candida albicans is a common human fungal pathogen. The previous study revealed that quinone compounds showed antimicrobial activity against C. albicans by inhibiting cell growth. However, it was unclear whether quinones have other antifungal effects against C. albicans in addition to fungicidal effects. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory activity of a total of 25 quinone compounds against C. albicans morphological transition, which is essential for the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Several quinones exhibited strong inhibition of mycelium formation by C. albicans SC5314. Three leading compounds, namely hypocrellins A, B and C, also exhibited marked attenuation of C. albicans SC5314 virulence in both human cell lines and mouse infection models. These three compounds significantly suppressed the proliferation of C. albicans SC5314 cells in a mouse mucosal infection model. Intriguingly, hypocrellins not only attenuated the cytotoxicity of a nystatin‐resistant C. albicans strain but also showed excellent synergistic effects with antifungal agents against both wild‐type C. albicans SC5314 and the drug‐resistant mutant strains. In addition, hypocrellins A, B and C interfered with the biological functions and virulence of various clinical Candida species, suggesting the promising potential of these compounds for development as new therapeutic agents against infections caused by Candida pathogens.
Appendix redux: a stone unturned
Authors: de Costa Alan
Published: June 2020

Recent advances in understanding of the biology of appendicitis are reviewed. Immunological aspects are discussed in the setting of a changing microbiome. Implications for practice are summarized.
Seventy‐one cases of uveitis‐glaucoma‐hyphaema syndrome
Authors: Armonaite Laura , Behndig Anders
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To assess Uveitis‐Glaucoma‐Hyphaema syndrome (UGH syndrome) with focus on resolution, glaucoma development and risk factors.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study with a cross‐sectional component was performed to compare three groups with 71 patients each: UGH syndrome, dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) without UGH syndrome and ordinary pseudophakia. Main outcome measures were resolution of the UGH syndrome, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the need of glaucoma therapy. We also assessed the IOL‐iris contact signs and the use of blood thinners.

Results

Uveitis‐Glaucoma‐Hyphaema (UGH) syndrome resolved in 77 % of patients who underwent various kind of IOL surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased and BCVA improved in the operated cases (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively), but not in the cases treated conservatively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥22 mmHg at the first haemorrhage predicted the need of glaucoma therapy after UGH syndrome resolution (p = 0.002, area under the curve = 0.8). Fifty‐one per cent of patients without preexisting glaucoma needed glaucoma therapy after UGH syndrome resolution. Pseudophacodonesis was seen more frequently in the UGH group than in the ordinary pseudophakia group (p = 0.001). Iris defects were not more frequent in the UGH group than in the Dislocated group but the types of defects differed (p < 0.0001). Blood thinners were not more frequent in UGH.

Conclusion

In UGH syndrome, the results are better with surgical intervention than with conservative treatment, but surgery does not guarantee resolution. Pseudophacodonesis is a risk factor for UGH syndrome, but blood thinners are not, and iris defects are not specific to UGH syndrome. A high IOP at the first haemorrhage increases the risk for needing subsequent IOP‐lowering therapy.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected people and solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Mahale Parag , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Kahn Amy R. , Gonsalves Lou , Pawlish Karen , Koch Lori , Tirado‐Gomez Maribel , Clarke Christina A. , Alverson Georgetta , Shiels Meredith S. , Engels Eric A.
Published: June 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected people and solid organ transplant recipients have elevated risk of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Little is known regarding ALCL risk factors in immunosuppressed populations. We used data from US cancer registries linked to HIV registries (1996–2016) and to the national transplant registry (1992–2017). ALCL risk in HIV‐infected people and transplant recipients relative to the general population was calculated as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR). ALCL risk factors were evaluated using Poisson regression. We identified 121 incident ALCL cases in the HIV (n = 86) and transplant (n = 35) populations. We reviewed pathology reports for 45 cases and most (86·7%) were confirmed as ALCL. Epstein–Barr virus tested positive in 1/8 (12·5%) cases. Compared to the general population, ALCL risk was strongly elevated among HIV‐infected people [SIR 5·43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4·27–6·81] and transplant recipients (5·96; 4·03–8·49). Among HIV‐infected people, ALCL incidence was strongly related to CD4 count [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 0·15 for ≥500 vs. <200 cells/μl; P trend < 0·001]. Among transplant recipients, risk was highest within the first year (aIRR 6·82) and 10+ years post‐transplant (5·99). In conclusion, ALCL risk is strongly increased in these immunosuppressed populations but may be unrelated to EBV infection based on limited reports.
Non‐human‐papillomavirus‐related malignancies of the vulva: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Furlan Karina , Rohra Prih , Mir Fatima , Gattuso Paolo
Published: June 2020

Background

Malignant tumor of the vulva is the fourth gynecological malignancy in frequency. Close to 70% of all vulvar malignancies are related to high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Methods

A search for non‐HPV‐related malignant tumors of the vulva was performed in the last 20 years (2000‐2020) in the pathology database of a single tertiary institution. We aim to estimate the prevalence of non‐HPV‐related malignancies in our population, describe clinicopathological features of these tumors and investigate the expression of some potential therapeutic targets.

Results

A total of 71 patients were recovered; 26 patients (36%) had the diagnosis of extramammary Paget disease, 17 patients (24%) had basal cell carcinomas, 17 patients (24%) had primary melanomas, 10 patients (14%) had metastatic disease to the vulva and one patient (1%) had a primary dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Fifty‐four percent of patients with extramammary Paget disease had a secondary malignancy and 12.5% had invasive disease. Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PDL‐1) was positive in seven out of nine primary melanomas and Her2/neu was overexpressed in six out of seven extramammary Paget disease.

Conclusion

Non‐HPV‐related malignancies are important differential diagnoses in patient with vulvar lesions. Additional research is necessary to further understand these complex malignancies and potential new therapeutic targets.
Arithmetic knowledge from the spontaneous attention to relations
Authors: Prather Richard
Published: June 2020

Children's knowledge of arithmetic principles is a key aspect of early mathematics knowledge. Knowledge of arithmetic principles predicts how children approach solving arithmetic problems and the likelihood of their success. Prior work has begun to address how children might learn arithmetic principles in a classroom setting. Understanding of arithmetic principles involves understanding how numbers in arithmetic equations relate to another. For example, the Relation to Operands (RO) principle is that for subtracting natural numbers (A − B = C), the difference (C) must be smaller than the minuend (A). In the current study we evaluate if individual differences in arithmetic principle knowledge (APK) can be predicted by the learners' spontaneous attention to relations (SAR) and if feedback can increase their attention to relations. Results suggest that participants’ Spontaneous Attention to Number (SAN) does not predict their knowledge of the RO principle for symbolic arithmetic. Feedback regarding the attention to relations did not show a significant effect on SAR or participants’ APK. We also did not find significant relations between reports of parent talk and the home environment with individual differences in SAN. The amount of parent's talk about relations was not significantly associated with learner's SAR and APK. We conclude that children's SAR with non‐symbolic number does not generalize to attention to relations with symbolic arithmetic.
What does an African ethic of social cohesion entail for social distancing?
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: June 2020

The most prominent strand of moral thought in the African philosophical tradition is relational and cohesive, roughly demanding that we enter into community with each other. Familiar is the view that being a real person means sharing a way of life with others, perhaps even in their fate. What does such a communal ethic prescribe for the coronavirus pandemic? Might it forbid one from social distancing, at least away from intimates? Or would it entail that social distancing is wrong to some degree, although morally permissible on balance? Or could it mean that social distancing is not wrong to any degree and could, under certain circumstances, be the right way to commune? In this article, I defend the latter view. I argue that, given an independently attractive understanding of how to value communal relationship, distancing oneself from others when necessary to protect them from serious incapacitation or harm can come at no cost to right action. However, I also discuss cases in which social distancing would evince a lack of good character, despite being the right thing to do.
Young‐onset diabetes, nutritional therapy and novel insulin delivery systems: a report from the 21st Hong Kong Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors – East Meets West Symposium
Authors: Luk A. O. Y. , Kong A. P. S. , Basu A.
Published: June 2020

The prevalence and incidence of young‐onset diabetes are increasing in many parts of the world, with the most rapid increase occurring in Asia, where one in five people with diabetes are diagnosed below the age of 40 years. Accumulation of glycaemic burden from an early age significantly increases the lifetime risks of developing complications from diabetes. Despite impending health threats, young people fare worse in the control of blood glucose and other metabolic risk factors. Challenges in the management of young‐onset diabetes are compounded by heterogeneity of the underlying causes, pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes in this group. Effective characterization of people with diabetes has implications in steering the choice of glucose‐lowering drugs, which, in turn, determines the clinical outcome. Medical nutritional therapy is key to effective management of people with diabetes but dietary adherence is often suboptimal among younger individuals. A recently published consensus report on nutritional therapy addresses dietary management in people with prediabetes as well as diabetes, and summarizes clinical evidence regarding macronutrient and micronutrient composition as well as eating patterns in people with diabetes. For people with type 1 diabetes, automated insulin delivery systems have rapidly evolved since the concept was first introduced at the National Institute of Health and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation in 2005. The subsequent development of a type 1 diabetes simulator, developed using detailed human physiology data on carbohydrate metabolism replaced the need for pre‐clinical animal studies and facilitated the seamless progression to artificial pancreas human clinical trials.
Contrast‐enhanced echocardiographic detection of severe aortic insufficiency in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Janus Scott E. , Hajjari Jamal , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Elgudin Yakov , Hoit Brian D.
Published: June 2020

Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is an increasingly used temporizing therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Contrast‐enhanced echocardiography plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of diseases that precipitate severe cardiac failure. In this case report, we describe a previously healthy 60‐year‐old woman who presented with dyspnea on exertion, and whose hospital course was complicated by ventricular fibrillation, emergent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and ECMO support. Her contrast‐enhanced ECMO images demonstrated a unique pattern of opacification of three of the four cardiac chambers, which led to a diagnosis of severe aortic insufficiency.
Enhancement of spinal reciprocal inhibition depends on the movement speed and range of repetitive passive movement
Authors: Hirabayashi Ryo , Edama Mutsuaki , Kojima Sho , Miyaguchi Shota , Onishi Hideaki
Published: June 2020

Repetitive passive movement (RPM) is a rehabilitation technique that increases spinal reciprocal inhibition (RI) as movement speed increases. However, characterization of the RPM number, frequency and range relative to the afferent impulses of muscle spindles and RI modulation has not been performed. In this study, we attempted to clarify these factors and evaluate their relationship to RI. We used 20 healthy adults for our first experiment (Experiment 1) and 16 healthy adults for our second experiment (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the RPM task was performed in the 80°–120° range for the ankle joint for 618 times at 80°/s (80°/s_618 times), 309 times at 160°/s (160°/s_309 times) and 618 times at 160°/s (160°/s_618 times). In Experiment 2, the RPM task focused on two ranges for the ankle joint (80°–100° and 100°–120°) and was performed at 160°/s with a movement time of 10 min. To measure RI, electrical stimulation was used to evoke a conditioning stimulus in the common peroneal nerve and the test stimulus in the tibial nerve. Conditions included the test stimulus only and conditioning stimulation–test stimulation intervals (CTI) of 2 and 20 ms. RI was measured before (Pre); immediately after; and 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after the task. Our findings suggest that the faster the movement speed of the RPM and the wider the movement range, the greater the increase in Ia firing. This may have enhanced RI by activating the inhibitory interneurons of RI.
Validation and association of candidate markers for adult migration timing and fitness in Chinook Salmon
Authors: Koch Ilana J. , Narum Shawn R.
Published: June 2020

Recent studies have begun to elucidate the genetic basis for phenotypic traits in salmonid species, but many questions remain before these candidate genes can be directly incorporated into conservation management. In Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a region of major effect for migration timing has been discovered that harbors two adjacent candidate genes (greb1L, rock1), but there has been limited work to examine the association between these genes and migratory phenotypes at the individual, compared to the population, level. To provide a more thorough test of individual phenotypic association within lineages of Chinook Salmon, 33 candidate markers were developed across a 220 Kb region on chromosome 28 previously associated with migration timing. Candidate and neutral markers were genotyped in individuals from representative collections that exhibit phenotypic variation in timing of arrival to spawning grounds from each of three lineages of Chinook Salmon. Association tests confirmed the majority of markers on chromosome 28 were significantly associated with arrival timing and the strongest association was consistently observed for markers within the rock1 gene and the intergenic region between greb1L and rock1. Candidate markers alone explained a wide range of phenotypic variation for Lower Columbia and Interior ocean‐type lineages (29% and 78%, respectively), but less for the Interior stream‐type lineage (5%). Individuals that were heterozygous at markers within or upstream of rock1 had phenotypes that suggested a pattern of dominant inheritance for early arrival across populations. Finally, previously published fitness estimates from the Interior stream‐type lineage enabled tests of association with arrival timing and two candidate markers, which revealed that fish with homozygous mature genotypes had slightly higher fitness than fish with premature genotypes, while heterozygous fish were intermediate. Overall, these results provide additional information for individual‐level genetic variation associated with arrival timing that may assist with conservation management of this species.
Environmental effect of PWR primary water on fatigue life of stainless steel (influence of loading rate on fatigue life reduction)
Authors: Kamaya Masayuki
Published: June 2020

Fatigue tests on Type 316 stainless steel specimens were conducted for various combinations of rise time and strain range in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) water. It was demonstrated that crack growth rate estimated from test results correlated well with the strain intensity factor range. An equation for predicting Fen was obtained as a function of rise time and strain range. It was found that, although Fen depends on strain range, the magnitude of the change in Fen due to the strain range is negligibly small compared with the scatter in the test results.
Identifying areas at risk of drought‐induced tree mortality across South‐Eastern Australia
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Ukkola Anna M. , Mu Mengyuan , Sabot Manon E. B. , Pitman Andrew J. , Meir Patrick , Cernusak Lucas A. , Rifai Sami W. , Choat Brendan , Tissue David T. , Blackman Chris J. , Li Ximeng , Roderick Michael , Briggs Peter R.
Published: June 2020

South‐East Australia has recently been subjected to two of the worst droughts in the historical record (Millennium Drought, 2000–2009 and Big Dry, 2017–2019). Unfortunately, a lack of forest monitoring has made it difficult to determine whether widespread tree mortality has resulted from these droughts. Anecdotal observations suggest the Big Dry may have led to more significant tree mortality than the Millennium drought. Critically, to be able to robustly project future expected climate change effects on Australian vegetation, we need to assess the vulnerability of Australian trees to drought. Here we implemented a model of plant hydraulics into the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model. We parameterized the drought response behaviour of five broad vegetation types, based on a common garden dry‐down experiment with species originating across a rainfall gradient (188–1,125 mm/year) across South‐East Australia. The new hydraulics model significantly improved (~35%–45% reduction in root mean square error) CABLE’s previous predictions of latent heat fluxes during periods of water stress at two eddy covariance sites in Australia. Landscape‐scale predictions of the greatest percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) of about 40%–60%, were broadly consistent with satellite estimates of regions of the greatest change in both droughts. In neither drought did CABLE predict that trees would have reached critical PLC in widespread areas (i.e. it projected a low mortality risk), although the model highlighted critical levels near the desert regions of South‐East Australia where few trees live. Overall, our experimentally constrained model results imply significant resilience to drought conferred by hydraulic function, but also highlight critical data and scientific gaps. Our approach presents a promising avenue to integrate experimental data and make regional‐scale predictions of potential drought‐induced hydraulic failure.
Structural and functional characterisation of compositionally optimised rice bran and lingonberry dietary fibre‐based gel‐type product enriched with phytochemicals
Authors: Zadeike Daiva , Vaitkeviciene Ruta , Marksa Mindaugas , Juodeikiene Grazina , Bendoraitiene Joana , Bartkiene Elena , Lele Vita , Viskelis Pranas , Bernatoniene Jurga , Jakstas Valdas
Published: June 2020

In this study, the model gel‐type delivery system containing rice bran (RB), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) press cake (LPC) and thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris L.), was developed and evaluated by their texture, gelation rate and antioxidant activity changes during storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. For the structuring of the gel‐type RB‐LPC matrix, a high‐intensity ultrasound (850 kHz; 1.3 W cm−2) treatment at 40 °C was applied. The release of total phenols and flavonoids was measured during digestion process by a spectrophotometric method and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), respectively. The contributions of xanthan and alginate as gelling agents to improve the stability of the gel texture protecting it from fast degradation under gastrointestinal digestion enable a controlled release of antioxidants, thus improving their biodistribution. Storage temperature influenced the reduction of antioxidant activity in gels depending on stabiliser used, with the lowest values from those with alginate when stored for 28 days at 4 °C. This knowledge can be used to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate plant polysaccharide‐based delivery system for specific applications.
The effect of layer thickness on adsorption and catalytic activity of sandwich‐like ceramics
Authors: Mikhaylov Vasily I. , Krivoshapkina Elena F. , Istomina Elena I. , Nazarova Elena A. , Krivoshapkin Pavel V.
Published: June 2020

Scalable and easily implementable sol‐gel approach for creating self‐supported sandwich‐like Al2O3/Fe2O3/Al2O3 films was proposed. A comprehensive study of the composition, microstructure, thermal, textural, catalytic, and adsorption properties were carried out. The possibility of varying the relative thickness of the layers allows to diversify functional properties of the materials. On the one hand, films with thick mesoporous alumina layers and a thin internal iron oxide layer behave as effective magnetically separable Cr(VI) adsorbents. On the other hand, thin thermally and chemically resistant mesoporous alumina layers, bounding the iron oxide layer, prevent degradation and deactivation of the catalytically active iron oxide sites in the catalysis process and provide full access of the reagents. The Al2O3/Fe2O3/Al2O3 films can be easily separated from a liquid medium due to rapid settling of large fragments and the possibility of magnetic separation. Thus, these films are convenient objects for various environmental applications.
An integrative review: Challenges and opportunities for stroke survivors and caregivers in hospital to home transition care
Authors: Chen Langduo , Xiao Lily D. , Chamberlain Diane
Published: June 2020

Aim

To identify challenges and opportunities for stroke survivors and caregivers in hospital to home transition care.

Background

Due to shortened hospital stays, stroke survivors and caregivers must take responsibility for complex care on discharge from hospital to home. Gaps exist in the literature that synthesizes studies on hospital to home transition care.

Design

A systematic integrated review.

Data sources

Six databases were searched systematically between 18 June 2018 – 31 October 2018 including Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus and Science Direct. The search did not have a date limit.

Review methods

Studies that met the selection criteria were critically reviewed. Data were extracted from the studies for analyses. A convergent qualitative synthesis approach using inductive thematic synthesis was applied to the review.

Results

The analysis of 23 studies identified three major findings. First, health and social care systems influence transition care by either enabling stroke survivors and caregivers to manage transition care via well‐coordinated services or preventing them from accessing services. Second, health professionals’ partnership with stroke survivors and caregivers largely decides tailored support for them. Successful partnerships and engagements with stroke survivors and caregivers depend on organizational resources. Third, survivors and caregivers are at different levels of readiness to cope with challenges. Individualized support for them to develop resilience is highly regarded.

Conclusion

Stroke survivors and caregivers encounter enormous challenges in self‐management of hospital to home transition care. Further research is required to address their expectations of support during transition care.

Impact

There is a lack of synthesis of studies on factors affecting hospital to home transition care for stroke survivors. Health and social care system designs, health professionals’ commitment to individualized care and the self‐management capability of stroke survivors and their caregivers have a profound influence on the transition care experiences.
Tunnel technique with connective tissue graft versus coronally advanced flap with enamel matrix derivate for root coverage: 2‐year results of an RCT using 3D digital measuring for volumetric comparison of gingival dimensions
Authors: Zuhr Otto , Rebele Stephan F. , Vach Kirstin , Petsos Hari , Hürzeler Markus B. ,   the Research Group for Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing
Published: June 2020

Aim

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare clinical and volumetric outcomes of tunnel technique (TUN) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) versus coronally advanced flap (CAF) with enamel matrix derivate (EMD) 2 years after gingival recession (GR) treatment.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐three patients contributed 45 Miller class I or II GR. At baseline and follow‐up examinations, study models were collected. Their three‐dimensional scans allowed precise computer‐assisted measurement of recession depth (REC), complete root coverage (CRC), percentage of root coverage (RC), pointwise (pTHK) and mean areal (aTHK) marginal soft tissue thickness. Clinical examination delivered probing depths (PPD) and height of keratinized tissue.

Results

24 months after surgery, digitally evaluated CRC was present in 60.0% of the TUN + CTG and 0.0% of the CAF + EMD‐treated sites (p < .0001), meaning a certain relapse of the gingival margin ragarding both approaches. RC amounted to 94.0% (TUN + CTG) and 57.3% (CAF + EMD), respectively (p < .0001). REC reduction (RECred) was significantly higher for TUN + CTG (1.81 ± 0.56 mm) than for CAF + EMD (0.90 ± 0.45 mm) (p < .0001). pTHK and aTHK values were significantly greater in the TUN + CTG group (1.41 ± 0.35 mm and 1.11 ± 0.26 mm) than in the CAF + EMD group (0.78 ± 0.32 mm and 0.60 ± 0.26 mm) (p < .0001). Statistical analysis detected positive correlations between THK and both RC and RECred (p < .001).

Conclusions

Two years post‐operatively, CTG showed better clinical and volumetric outcomes than EMD. Increased THK values were associated with improved outcomes regarding RC and RECred.
The European Union control strategy for Campylobacter spp. in the broiler meat chain
Authors: Nastasijevic Ivan , Proscia Francesco , Boskovic Marija , Glisic Milica , Blagojevic Bojan , Sorgentone Simona , Kirbis Andrej , Ferri Maurizio
Published: June 2020

Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the most frequently reported foodborne pathogen in the European Union (EU). While campylobacteriosis is generally self‐limiting, some patients could develop severe sequelae. The predominant source of infection is poultry. This review addresses the most relevant factors influencing the prevalence and contamination level of Campylobacter spp. in the poultry chain continuum. The emphasis was put on the novel control strategy for Campylobacter that is based on evidence‐based risk assessment and the introduction of process hygiene criterion intended for monitoring the prevalence and counts of Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses at slaughter level. The reduction of Campylobacter spp. in the poultry meat chain in the EU can only be achieved with an integrated meat safety assurance approach. This includes primary interventions at the level of the poultry farm, implementation of effective control measures at slaughterhouses, and fostering awareness campaigns aimed at consumers.
Relationship between papilla‐related variables and post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Wang Xiangping , Zhao Jianghai , Wang Limei , Ning Bo , Zeng Wei , Tao Qin , Ren Gui , Liang Shuhui , Luo Hui , Wang Biaoluo , Farrell James J. , Pan Yanglin , Guo Xuegang , Wu Kaichun
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim

Papilla with hooknose or long protruding shape may increase the difficulty of cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, the relationship between papilla anatomy and complications of ERCP has not been fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of major duodenal papilla morphology on post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and the procedure of cannulation.

Methods

Patients with native papilla who underwent ERCP were recruited to this multicenter study. Papilla‐related variables were collected, including the length of long axis (L), short axis (S) and opening width (OW), transverse fold, periampullary diverticulum (PAD), papilla location, orientation, swelling, and presence of duodenal stenosis. Demographic data and the procedure of cannulation were also prospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was PEP incidence. Multivariate analysis was used to identify high risk factors for PEP.

Results

Six hundred and fifty‐eight patients were enrolled. Overall PEP incidence was 4.7% (31/658). The papilla of patients complicated with PEP had higher long to short axis (L/S) ratio (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–10.74, P = 0.010), higher long axis to opening width (L/OW) ratio (OR 1.35, 95%CI: 1.06–1.71, P = 0.014), more transverse folds (OR 2.53, 95%CI: 1.02–6.26, P = 0.044), and less periampullary diverticulum (OR 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06–0.70, P = 0.011). Multivariate analysis revealed that the indication of common bile duct stones, normal bilirubin, inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulation > 1, L/S ratio ≥ 1.5, and absence of PAD were independent risk factors for PEP.

Conclusion

Besides patient‐related and procedure‐related factors, papilla‐related variables, such as L/S ratio and PAD, can be considered as a third type of factors associated with PEP (Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03550768).