bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sample Preparation and Extraction Techniques for Evaluation of Semisolid Formulations
Authors: Dhudashia Komal Rajendrakumar , Patel Nilesh K
Published: August 2023

There are many pharmaceutical formulations available in semisolid form such as cream, ointment, paste, gel, and suppository. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the semisolid formulation can be carried out using sophisticated instruments/techniques. Sample preparation is an important step to extract the main ingredient which needs to be analyzed in a medium suitable for a specific analytical technique/instrument. Sample preparation can directly affect the final result of analysis and thus sample preparation for the semisolid formulation is challenging. Extraction techniques used to carry out the extraction from semisolid formulation are Liquid–Liquid Extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Liquid-Phase Microextraction Techniques, Pressurized Fluid Extraction/Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Microwave Assisted Extraction, Pressurized Hot Water Extraction or superheated water extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Matrix solid-phase dispersion, QuEChERs, Solid-Phase Microextraction, Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction, Microextraction in Packed Syringe. A brief introduction along with the principle and application of all techniques is explained to demonstrate the application of specific extraction technique for specific semisolid sample preparation.
Protocol for Treatment of Oral Verrucous Carcinoma - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pal Uma Shanker , Maurya Harshita , Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Sowmya Meleti Venkata , Singh Ranjeet
Published: August 2023

Background:

The objective of this study is to provide a structured protocol for the treatment of verrucous carcinoma (VC) based on size, bone invasion, recurrence and whether neck dissection is necessary or not. In addition, the study evaluates the probability of a wrong histopathological diagnosis.

Data Sources:

A search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google from January 1962 to October 2022 by using MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reporting treatment modalities for VC and different histopathological diagnoses after excision of the lesion were selected except case reports and review articles.

Study Eligibility Criteria:

Thirteen articles were selected. Six hundred and thirty cases of VC were treated by surgery, surgery + neck dissection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combination therapy. Statistical analysis revealed surgical treatment as a preferred option. Despite being enlarged, the lymph node was negative for metastasis. So, in OVC cases neck dissection adds only unnecessary morbidity to patients.

Participants and Interventions:

Radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be used to downstage the disease. 23.3% of cases reported wrong histopathology diagnosis.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods:

Patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) will only experience unnecessary morbidity unless the correct diagnosis is made between VC and hybrid VC. Irrespective of size VC does not metastasise until there are no foci of SCC.

Conclusions:

Surgical excision of T1- and T2-sized lesions can be performed under local anaesthetic as a biopsy procedure. T3 or T4 lesion can be resected with a safe margin. If it comes as hybrid VC or VC with close margin (0.5 cm, <0.5 cm), neck dissection and further margin should be excised as a second procedure respectively.
The impact of unsupervised and unconsented switch of inhalers in patients with controlled asthma – A targeted literature review
Authors: Albanna Amr S. , Alhajji Mohammed , Alsowayan Waleed , Soliman Mohamed Hany
Published: August 2023

Inhaler combination formulations consisting of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (fluticasone propionate) and a long-acting β2 agonist (salmeterol xinafoate) are indicated as maintenance treatments for patients with asthma and/or for selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The emergence of generic equivalents to branded inhalers is expected to offer economic edge/savings; however, some may argue that cost advantages offered by generic inhalers may be offset by worsening outcomes due to improper inhaler use, reduced adherence, and consequently worse disease control. To understand how unsupervised and unconsented switch of dry-powder inhalers and/or metered-dose inhalers affects clinical and humanistic outcomes in asthma, comprehensive searches of Embase and MEDLINE were conducted to identify research articles published in the English language since 2011. Patients with asthma of any age who underwent an unsupervised and unconsented switch from an ICS/long-acting β2 agonist to another (brand-to-generic or brand-to-brand) for non-medical reasons were the target of this research. Relevant outcomes included asthma control, medication adherence, and healthcare resource utilization. In total, 11 studies were identified for review (ten non-interventional and one post hoc); cohorts ranged from 19 to 42,553 patients. Six studies indicated that unsupervised and unconsented inhaler switch had a negative impact on asthma control; six studies indicated reduced medication adherence post-switching; and five studies reporting healthcare resource utilization showed it was unchanged or increased post-switching. Findings from this targeted review support concerns that unsupervised and unconsented inhaler switch has a largely negative impact on asthma-associated outcomes. Additional studies are warranted to further explore unsupervised and unconsented switch in asthma.
Management of Mutrashmari (urolithiasis) with Palasha Kshara and Ashmarihara Kwatha
Authors: Kumari Monika , Tukaram Dudhamal
Published: August 2023

Background:

Mutrashmari (urolithiasis), a pathological condition of the urinary system where aggregation of urinary crystalloids takes place anywhere in the urinary tract, i.e., from the kidney to urinary bladder showing male preponderance (male:female = 2:1) and now becoming medico-surgical as well as economical challenge for all health-care systems.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Palasha Kshara (alkali) with Ashmarihara Kwatha (decoction) in the management of Mutrashmari (urolithiasis).

Materials and method:

Thirty-nine patients of Mutrashmari were selected and randomly allocated with a computerized randomized method into two groups. In trial group A (n = 20), capsule Palasha Kshara (Mridu), 500 mg three times a day after meal, and Ashmarihara Kwatha (decoction) (40 ml twice daily) were given orally after meals for 2 months. In placebo control group B (n = 19), placebo capsule (granulated wheat), was given in a dosage of 500 mg along with 3–4 l of water for 2 months.

Results:

Patients of Palasha Kshara and Ashmarihara Kwatha group showed better relief in chief complaints, i.e., pain and increased frequency of micturition as compared to the placebo group. Complete remission of symptoms of Mutrashmari was more in patients treated with Palasha Kshara with Ashmarihara decoction.

Conclusion:

Palasha Kshara with Ashmarihara Kwatha is found more effective than placebo in the management of Mutrashmari (urolithiasis).
Radiation-induced esophagitis in patients with breast cancer receiving supraclavicular nodal irradiation: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Azeez Zalfa Abdul , Fernandes Donald , Rao Sandesh B. , Krishnaraj H. , Jacob Tony , Sequeira Lanisha J.
Published: August 2023

JOURNAL/crsat/04.03/02201859-202306020-00006/figure1/v/2023-08-03T140821Z/r/image-tiff

Background:

Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for locally advanced breast cancer and includes irradiation of the chest wall and supraclavicular nodes, with or without the axilla. Since the esophagus is close to the supraclavicular nodes, patients may experience acute radiation esophagitis during treatment which decreases their quality of life.

Objective:

To identify the dosimetric parameters of the esophagus which may affect the occurrence of esophagitis in patients with breast cancer who received supraclavicular nodal irradiation.

Materials and Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective observational study carried out from January 2021 to June 2022 at Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, India. We enrolled patients with histologically proven breast cancer, who had received post-mastectomy radiation to the chest wall and supraclavicular nodes to a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions, 2 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week with 6 MV photon linear accelerator by intensity modulated radiation therapy. Toxicities were recorded every week. The parameters documented included the mean esophageal dose, maximum dose to the esophagus, and length of the esophagus within the treatment area.

Results:

We enrolled 25 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast who had undergone mastectomy and received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The median age was 53 years (IQR, 44.5-63.5). Esophagitis (any grade) was noted in 18 of the 25 patients (72%). Grade 2 esophagitis developed in all 6 patients (100%) who had received a mean esophageal dose >20 Gy, and in none of the 19 (0%) who received a dose <20 Gy; P < 0.001. The development of esophagitis was not significantly associated with the esophageal length included in the treating area (P = 0.62), the maximum dose to the esophagus (P = 0.09), V10 (P = 0.49), or V20 (P = 1). The esophageal mean dose (Dmean) was the sole predictive factor for the development of esophagitis; P = 0.04.

Conclusion:

In patients with breast cancer receiving post-mastectomy radiation to the chest wall and supraclavicular area, the mean esophageal radiation dose is the only factor that correlates with the development of esophageal toxicity. Thus, esophageal toxicity can be reduced by prescribing dose constraints to the esophagus, thereby potentially improving the quality of life of patients.
Amivantamab: A narrative drug review
Authors: John Anupa , Noronha Vanita , Singh Ajaykumar , Menon Nandini , Prabhash Kumar
Published: August 2023

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations are known oncogenic drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with 85% attributable to an exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R point substitution. The next most common is an exon 20 insertion mutation (Ex20Ins), which results in an altered active site that sterically interferes with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) binding, resulting in a poorer response rate to EGFR TKIs. Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), a fully humanized EGFR- mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor (MET) bispecific antibody has been approved for use in adults with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR Ex20Ins mutations, whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. To prepare this review, we searched various websites, including the European Medicines Agency Drug Manual, United States Food and Drug Administration, PubMed, Science Direct, and UpToDate using the search terms, “Amivantamab,” “NJ-61186372,” “amivantamab-vmjw,” and” “EGFRexon20ins.” We shortlisted 121 articles published between 2015 and 2023, of which 49 were included. This review discusses the clinical indications, adverse effects, safety, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and the key research trials that investigated the use of amivantamab.
The prevalence of undiagnosed thalassemia minor among primigravida pregnant women before 20 weeks of gestation
Authors: Abid Sahar Jassim , Najim Israa Jameel
Published: August 2023

Pregnancy-associated anemia is a widespread condition that can have varying impacts on both the mother and the developing fetus, depending on the level of hemoglobin in the mother’s blood and the stage of pregnancy at which the anemia occurs. In Iraq, 27% of all registered thalassemia cases are thalassemia minor. Pregnancy may aggravate mild undiagnosed thalassemia early in pregnancy. The objective of the study was to access the prevalence of undetected thalassemia minor in primigravida women who received prenatal care before 20 weeks and to compare the demographic and socioeconomic characteristic features between women with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and those without any anemia. A total of 298 primigravida women who attended prenatal care at 20 weeks or less were recruited and their hematocrit level was assessed. Participants were segregated into two groups regarding the presence of anemia. Patients who had packed cell volume lower than 33% underwent iron study and standard Hb electrophoresis. Information about women’s demographics, socioeconomic status, and family history of hereditary anemia were recorded. The participants had a mean age of 22.7 years, with an age range spanning from 16 to 43 years. 33.33% of 298 women had pathological anemia. All the participants exhibited microcytic anemia, with 26.85%, had confirmed IDA, whereas 6.71% had β thalassemia minor (BTM) phenotype. Both BTM and IDA patients frequently reported a positive family history of anemia at 80% and 68.7%, respectively, which was significantly greater than the control group at 39.9% (P = 0.001). No significant differences were seen between BTM and IDA in terms of age or socioeconomic status. Anemia due to undetected thalassemia minor was common among primigravida women. Screening for BTM carriers pregnant can help in monitoring their status, assessing the fetus’s risk of developing thalassemia, and making a diagnosis in communities with high rates of consanguineous marriages, such as Iraq.
Synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative evaluation of novel sorafenib analogs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jihad Marwan Imad , Mahdi Monther Faisal
Published: August 2023

Cancer is a disease triggered by an uncontrolled proliferation of a cluster of cells, typically originating from a single cell. Sorafenib, a widely utilized pharmaceutical, has limitations in clinical use due to pharmacokinetic challenges and the development of resistance mechanisms. This investigation aimed to synthesize new sorafenib analogs and evaluated their activity against HepG2 cell lines, specifically targeting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven sorafenib analogs were synthesized and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectra. Cytotoxicity of the analogs was assessed on the human HepG2 cancer cell line by (3-(4, 5-dimethylthazolk-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Results revealed that among the studied compounds, 4b exhibited the most pronounced cytotoxicity against cancer cells, surpassing even the efficacy of sorafenib. This suggested that small substitutions on the NH moiety play a crucial role in the activity against the human HepG2 liver cancer cell line. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of potential anticancer-targeting HCC.
Roadmap to recovery: Implemented and attitude toward school reopening strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, a scoping review
Authors: Askarian Mehrdad , Movahedi Mohammad , Vardanjani Hossein M. , Askarian Ardalan , Ghotbabadi Zahra R.
Published: August 2023

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had various financial and life impacts on the world's population. Schools' regular activity and function during the pandemic require balancing the repercussions of suspending in-person education versus health threats. Furthermore, children are one of the prominent victims of the restricted quarantine strategies' effects, which may make them vulnerable to various mental health problems. In this study, we reviewed previously reported strategies and roadmaps regarding the reopening of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following databases were searched from October to December 2021, via multi-step search strategies for “COVID-19,” “coronavirus,” “school reopening,” “roadmaps,” “reopening,” and “reopening strategies” Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of five papers with roadmaps focusing on reopening schools were included in this study. Fundamental issues and principles of these reviewed roadmaps were: 1) protecting the high-risk students and staff physically and mentally, 2) accelerating the vaccination of essential workers, staff, parents, and students, and 3) improving the COVID-19 testing capacity. Roadmaps for the reopening of the schools should describe some phases and steps for their strategies. Current roadmaps have not mentioned any phases and timelines for this process. Describing some health metrics in the roadmaps for progressing to the next step or returning to the previous ones is also necessary for all roadmaps and should be considered in further studies.
Comparing the effect of internet-delivered short-term progressive muscle relaxation and psychoeducation on mindful ability, visceral hypersensitivity and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zargar Fatemeh , Fahim Aliraza , Nikgoftar Niloofar , Tarrahi Mohammad Javed
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that psychological interventions are effective on it. The present study aimed to compare the effect of internet-delivered short-term PMR (iPMR) and psychoeducation on mindful ability (MA), visceral hypersensitivity (VH), and symptoms of patients with IBS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This randomized clinical trial was performed on individuals with IBS in 2020, recruiting a total of 60 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Prior to the intervention, the Freiburg Questionnaire- Short Form (FMI-SF), the Visceral Sensitivity Questionnaire (VSI), and the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) were filled out for the patients. Patients were divided into iPMR and psychoeducation groups randomly. All training in both groups was accomplished via WhatsApp social network. FMI-SF, VSI, and GSRS questionnaires for patients were completed 1 month (post-test) and 2 months later (follow-up). The data was analyzed by SPSS-23 software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS:

Compared to the psychoeducation group, the MA of the iPMR group increased significantly in post-test and follow-up (43.06 ± 7.12 and 42.88 ± 6.28 vs 51.23 ± 11.7 and 56.74 ± 12.36 and P < 0.001) and their VH decreased significantly (37.85 ± 11.6 and 38.03 ± 11.8 vs 26.9 ± 6.45 and 22.46 ± 5.32 and P < 0.001). Also, their GSRS had significant decreases (43.27 ± 10.73 and 41.18 ± 9.31 vs 32.33 ± 8.21 and 25.79 ± 6.30 and P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The findings showed iPMR in patients with IBS, in spite of a few sessions and internet-delivered approach, increased MA and decreased VH and gastrointestinal symptoms of them.
Learning styles and their relationship with preferred teaching methodologies and academic achievement among medical students in teaching medical college, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Muniyapillai Tamilarasan , Kulothungan Karthikeyan , Abdul Malik Shagirunisha Rizvana , Jeevaraj Shekshi Janet , Ashokan Shrimathi , Ravichandran Sindhurajeswari , Ambalavanan Sivaranjani , Jayaraman Sowmiya
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Learning styles for medical students have been studied worldwide, and instructors must know and employ the best methods to help students learn. This study evaluates undergraduate medical students' learning styles, preferred teaching methods, and academic examination scores.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

From January to December 2022, this cross-sectional study was performed with medical students at a teaching hospital in Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India. About 421 individuals were selected using a probability-proportionate size sampling method. A semi-structured pro forma was used to collect the socio-demographic profile, VARK model learning style questionnaire, and teaching method preferences. The data were analyzed using SPSS-21, and the categorical data were represented as frequency and percentage, whereas mean and standard deviation represent quantitative data. The Chi-square test was used to investigate the relationship between academic performance and teaching approaches to the preferred learning style.

RESULTS:

Kinesthetic learning was the preferred sensory modality. Nearly 61.8% of medical students were female. The most common preferred learning style among them was (36.8%) kinesthetic, followed by (36.1%) auditory. Most of them received good academic results (64.8%), followed by average (21.9%) results. Most of the students had chosen a demonstration (81.2%), followed by an interactive lecture (77.2%), as their preferred teaching method. There is a significant association of learning style with participant age (p 0.007), year of study (p 0.0001), and preferred teaching methodologies like a demonstration, small group discussion, self-presentation, and laboratory work, which is statistically significant. There is no association between learning style and academic performance.

CONCLUSION:

Different teaching approaches, such as demonstration, small-group discussion, self-presentation, and laboratory work, were related to the various learning styles of the students. We also determined that the individuals' preferred learning styles do not affect their academic achievement.
Evaluation of visual pedagogy teaching method for improving oral hygiene practice in children with Autism: An interventional study
Authors: Mahajan Ankit , Anand Santosh , Kriti  , Awinashe Vaibhav , Devanna Raghu , Alessa Noura , Babaji Prashant
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Evaluation of visual pedagogy teaching method for improving oral hygiene practice in children with Autism: An interventional study: Visual pedagogy is a relatively newer approach to improve dental care in autistic children. The present study aimed to evaluate visual pedagogy in the practice of oral hygiene in autistic children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This interventional and prospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry. Required approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical Board. Written informed consent was obtained from parents/caregivers. The age range was 5–12 years which included 100 participants (40 males and 60 females). Improvement of oral hygiene was evaluated by recording the tooth brushing technique and ability to follow instructions as presented in the educational video shown on smartphones with Wi-Fi/mobile data. Inclusion criteria: (1) Accessibility and (2) Age range between 5 to 12 years. Exclusion criteria: (1) Non-cooperative children, (2) Children receiving medicines that influence oral health, and (3) Inability to follow-ups. Fones technique was used for brushing teeth in video recording demonstrating it in simple structured steps. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Independent t tests.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant improvement was observed in oral hygiene (plaque index) after training patients with visual pedagogy.

CONCLUSION:

In the present study, the use of visual pedagogy showed improvement in the oral hygiene scores of autistic children.
Care self-efficacy in adolescents with mental disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Behzadi Soudabeh , Yektatalab Shahrzad , Momennasab Marzieh , Shaygan Maryam , Zareiyan Armin
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

The promotion of health in adolescents with mental disorders depends on their levels of self-care empowerment. Self-efficacy is a significant prerequisite for successful self-management and behavior change in adolescents with mental disorders. The present study was conducted to explain the concept of care self-efficacy in adolescents with mental disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was carried out using the conventional content analysis approach. Semi-structured interviews (n = 34) were conducted with adolescents having mental disorders, their families, and healthcare providers. The participants were selected from neurology and psychiatry clinics affiliated with University of Medical Sciences using the purposeful sampling method in 2021. Data were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman method.

RESULTS:

According to the findings of content analysis, four main themes were derived from the data: “health information-seeking behavior,” “adaptation of life to the disease and treatment conditions,” “adaptive coping,” and “social self-care.”

CONCLUSION:

Based on the findings, the promotion of adaptive styles and social support is effective in acquiring social competencies. As a result, policymakers are suggested to design health-oriented educational programs based on care self-efficacy principles to promote health in adolescents with mental disorders.
On the asymptotic geometry of finite-type $k$-surfaces in three-dimensional hyperbolic space
Authors: Smith Graham
Published: August 2023

For

0<k<1

, a
finite-type

k

-
surface
in

3

-dimensional hyperbolic space is a complete, immersed surface of finite area and of constant extrinsic curvature equal to

k

. In Smith (2021), we showed that such surfaces have finite genus and finitely many cusp-like ends. Each of these cusps is asymptotic to an immersed cylinder of exponentially decaying radius about a complete geodesic and terminates at an ideal point which we call the
extremity
of the cusp. We show that every cusp of any finite-type

k

-surface has a well-defined axis, which we will call the
Steiner geodesic
of the cusp. One of the end-points of this axis is the extremity, and we will call the other, which constitutes new geometric data, the
Steiner point
of the cusp. We prove a new identity involving extremities and Steiner points in terms of Möbius invariant vector fields over the Riemann sphere.

We define two new functionals over the space of finite-type

k

-surfaces. The first, which will be called the
generalized volume
, is defined by the integral of a certain well-chosen form, and extends to the non-embedded case the concept of volume of the set bounded by the surface. The second, which will be called the
renormalized energy
, is related to the integral of the mean curvature of the surface, and is well-defined up to a choice of Busemann function. Upon describing natural parametrizations of the strata of the space of finite-type

k

-surfaces by open complex manifolds, we prove a new Schläfli-type formula relating the extremities and Steiner points to the first order variations of the generalized volume and the renormalized energy. In particular, Möbius invariance of this formula yields the aforementioned identity. We conclude by studying some applications of this identity and Schläfli-type formula.
Siegel disks on rational surfaces
Authors: Uehara Takato
Published: August 2023

We show the existence of a rational surface automorphism of positive entropy with a given number of Siegel disks. Moreover, among automorphisms obtained from quadratic birational maps on the projective plane fixing irreducible cubic curves, we find out an automorphism of positive entropy with multiple Siegel disks.
Aluminum Alloy, Drawn Seamless Tubing 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-O) Annealed
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: August 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of drawn seamless tubing in the annealed (O) condition. This specification covers products from 0.018 to 0.500 inch (0.46 to 12.70 mm) in wall thickness (see 8.6).
Standard for Developing a Lead-Free Control Plan to Manage the Risks of Lead-Free Solders and Finishes in Aerospace, Defense, and High-Performance Soldered Electronic Products
Authors:   G-24 Pb-free Risk Management Committee for ADHP
Published: August 2023

This technical report identifies the requirements for an LFCP for ADHP soldered electronic products built fully or partially with Pb-free materials and assembly processes. An LFCP documents the specific Pb-free materials and assembly processes used to assure customers their ADHP soldered electronic products will meet the applicable reliability requirements of the customer. This standard specifically addresses LFCPs for:

a

Pb-free components and mixed assembly: Products originally designed and qualified with SnPb solder and assembly processes that incorporate components with Pb-free termination finishes and/or Pb-free BGAs, i.e., assembling Pb-free parts using eutectic/near-eutectic SnPb processes (also known as mixed metallurgy).

b

COTS products: COTS products likely built with Pb-free materials and assembly processes.

c

Pb-free design and assembly: Products designed and qualified with Pb-free solder and assembly processes.

This standard does not include detailed descriptions of the processes to be documented in an LFCP, but lists high-level requirements for ADHP soldered electronic products using Pb-free materials and assembly processes, such as requirements for manufacturing and reliability, configuration control and product identification, and rework, repair, and maintenance.

This standard is structured to enable tailoring, i.e., deleting, adding, or modifying requirements as applicable to the product, system or program under consideration. Tailoring GEIA-STD-0005-1 requires agreement between the LFCP user and customer before implementation.
J1939 Digital Annex
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: August 2023

This document is intended to supplement the SAE J1939 documents by offering the SAE J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and search for easier use.
Performance Characterization of Electrified Powertrain Motor-Drive Subsystem
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: August 2023

This document was developed to provide a method of obtaining repeatable measurements that accurately reflects the performance of a propulsion electric drive subsystem, whose output is used in an electrified vehicle regardless of complexity or number of energy sources. The purpose is to provide a familiar and easy-to-understand performance rating. Whenever there is an opportunity for interpretation of the document, a good faith effort shall be made to obtain the typical in-service performance and characteristics and avoid finding the best possible performance under the best possible conditions. Intentional biasing of operating parameters or assembly tolerances to optimize performance for this test shall not be considered valid results in the scope of this document.
Hydrodynamic Drive Test Code
Authors:   Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Committee
Published: August 2023

The range of test conditions on the dynamometer shall be sufficient to determine the primary operating characteristics corresponding to the full range of vehicle operations.

The characteristics to be determined are:

a

Torque ratio versus speed ratio and output speed

b

Input speed versus speed ratio and output speed

c

Efficiency versus speed ratio and output speed

d

Capacity factor versus speed ratio and output speed

e

Input torque versus input speed

NOTE: For more information about these characteristics and the design of hydrodynamic drives, refer to “Design Practices: Passenger Car Automatic Transmissions,” SAE Advances in Engineering, AE-18 (Third Ed.) or AE-29 (Fourth Ed.).
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment on Work Engagement at Pawnshops Sharia Sub-Branch Office in East Bandung Region
Authors: Abidin Mario Aldo Triadi , Ahmad Egi Saepul , Noor Alvath Saemaria
Published: July 2023

The development of economic problems today, since the enactment of Law Number 10 of 1990, Islamic financial institutions not only consist of banks but also other Islamic financial institutions, namely non-bank financial institutions called sharia pawnshops. One of them is the Sharia Sub-Branch Office Pawnshop in the East Bandung Region which is a non-bank Islamic financial institution that helps the community in the economic sector. Organizational culture and organizational commitment at Pawnshop KCPS East Bandung Region greatly affect work engagement, which is one of the strongest factors of employees in deciding to stay or leave their jobs. The research method used is a quantitative method with an associative approach with primary data types and uses data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, the number of employees at the KCPS Pawnshop in the East Bandung Region amounted to 34 people, which had the effect of b culture or organization to k attachment work with test results hypothesis that value tcount (3.797)  > ttable (2,03693), there is an effect commitment organization to attachment work with results testing hypothesis that score tcount(15,122) > ttable(2,03693), and there is an effect of culture organization and commitment organization by simultaneous take effect to attachment work with test results Fcount(106,931) > Ftable(3,295).
PHYTOCHEMICAL, MINERAL, PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FTIR AND GCMS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS (ETHANOL, ETHYL ACETATE AND HEXANE) OF WONDERFUL KOLA SEED (Buchholzia coriacea)
Authors: Oluwole F. S. , Jaji S. O. , Aiyelero T. S. , Eleyowo O. O , Olagbaye G. A , Adeyemi D. A.
Published: July 2023

Wonderful kola (Buchholzia coriacea) is geographically distributed in some African countries. The seed of the kola contain phytochemical compounds, while the essential oil contains several chemical compounds that depict the medicinal properties of the plant. Several traditional claims and scientific validations have been made on the efficacy of the seeds of the wonderful kola plant. It is a plant with lot of benefits on human. Phytochemical constituents have been reported in seed of wonderful kola. It is reported that the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, legal test, reducing agent, alkaline and phenol in the seed of wonderful kola is important in our lives. The proximate analysis of moisture content and ash content showed that the wonderful kola seed consists of 80% moisture content and 34% ash content. Some Minerals are also present such as copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, phosphorus, lead and calcium in wonderful kola seed which helps the body in providing proteins and energy. The GC-MS and FTIR results revealed some of the compounds of pharmacological importance.
ONE POT SONO-MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6-TRIAMINE (C₃H₆N₆) MEDIATED SIMULTANEOUS NITROGEN DOPING AND REDUCTION- A STEP TOWARDS AGRO-SENSOR, TISSUE ENGINEERING NANOCOMPOSITE AND ANTIBIOTICS APPLICATION
Authors: Oladoyinbo F. O.
Published: July 2023

Herein, a novel, simple, economical and rapid one-pot synergistic sono-microwave assisted synthesis doping and reduction of nitrogen doped graphene (NG) from graphene oxide in presence of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (C₃H₆N₆) was reported. The as-synthesized NG material was optimized by varying the ratio of GO to 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine to find the optimized N content in the catalytic graphene material. Few layers of well exfoliated graphene oxide of the optimized functional NG material were revealed by Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) affirmed that, about 9% nitrogen doping into the graphene lattice was made up of pyrrolic-N, pyridinic-N, and graphitic-N active forms of nitrogen which are necessary for Bone activity, Sensor Sensitivity and Antimicrobial potency against pathogens.
Para onde foram? Evasão de estudantes da escola pública na Bahia
Authors: Pires Roberto Gondim , Cardoso Gustavo Marques Porto , Rebouças Jaqueline Argolo
Published: August 2023

Este estudo objetiva avaliar no Estado da Bahia os dados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica entre 2007 e 2019, refletindo sobre a complexidade que os dados revelam. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, onde foi combinado a sistematização das informações descritas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) com os dados informados pela Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) e do Tribunal de Contas dos Municípios (TCM). As informações foram coletadas por meio de acesso eletrônico, elegendo municípios baianos aleatoriamente para análise dos dados gerais. Os resultados revelaram uma crescente evasão/abandono de estudantes da escola pública baiana; para além disso, a desproporção entre investimentos municipais com os resultados dos indicadores educacionais e a não associação entre vencimentos dos profissionais de Educação e indicadores educacionais.
Immunostimulant Effect Test Of Curcuminoid Extract From Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma Domestica Val.) In VCO On Rats Induced Cyclophosphamide Againts An Increasing Total Leukocytes And Leukocyte Differential
Authors: Damayanti Damayanti , Yuandani Yuandani , Satria Denny
Published: July 2023

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) is a traditional Indonesian plant that has many benefits. Curcuminoids are turmeric compounds known to have effects as immunomodulators and have been proven in several in vivo tests. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide are widely given to improve clinical symptoms in autoimmune patients and cancer treatment which can cause susceptibility to infection.Therefore,this study aimed to determine the immunostimulating effect of curcuminoid extract from turmeric rhizome on cyclophosphamide-induced white rats. Proof of the immunostimulating effect of curcuminoid extracts was by testing the total leukocytes and leukocytesdifferential. The test results showed that curcuminoid extracts of 1 mL, 0.5 mL, and 0.25 mL increased total leukocytes and leukocyte differential (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils) with a significant difference (p<0.05) to the Na group CMC 0.5% as a negative control. Therefore, curcuminoid extract had the potential to have an effect as an immunostimulant.

        The test results showed that curcuminoid extracts of 1 mL, 0.5 mL, and 0.25 mL increased total leukocytes and leukocyte differential (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils) with a significant difference (p<0.05) to the Na group CMC 0.5% as a negative control. Therefore, curcuminoid extract had the potential to have an effect as an immunostimulant.
Analysis Of Solar Power Plant Utilization For Public Street Lighting In Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Saputri Fahmy Rinanda , Richard Stanlee Adrix , Hadi Prasetya Indra , Delana Wijaya Sarah
Published: July 2023

Fossil fuels namely coal, petroleum, and natural gas have long been chosen as the main energy sources in meeting global energy needs. However, fossil fuels have the main problem in that their amount is limited and causes global warming. To overcome these problems, renewable energy such as solar energy can be used. Solar energy can be converted into electrical energy by using solar panels. The installation of a solar power plant certainly requires a large budget, to check its feasibility and can be simulated using PVSyst and RETScreen. In particular, PVSyst is used to search for the amount of material needed, the power capacity produced, and energy losses (there is energy lost). Then, RETScreen is used to calculate photovoltaic installation costs, operational and maintenance costs after photovoltaic installation, and emissions. Probolinggo has enormous potential to use solar power plants with Photovoltaic modules. This study simulates the installation of photovoltaic modules in Probolinggo which still has shortcomings in terms of public street lighting. From the simulations carried out, it can be concluded that Probolinggo is feasible for the installation of the solar power plant. With PVSyst, the total number of photovoltaic modules installed is 15,112 pieces. The total power generated is 10,145 MWh. Then, by using RETScreen, a photovoltaic installation fee of Rp142,978,410,000 was obtained. and annual maintenance costs of Rp1,281,870,000.
Comparative Analysis of Reverse Martingale And Cumulative Win Strategies Using Ichimoku Kinko Hyo Indicator
Authors: Wendy Vincent , Sunardi Oetama Raymond
Published: July 2023

Given the dearth of prior research on the practical implementation of money management strategies in the foreign exchange market, making it arduous to ascertain profitable money management comparisons, this study places its focus on the amalgamation of money management strategies and technical indicators. The research specifically explores the utilization of two money management strategies, namely reverse martingale, and cumulative win strategy, in conjunction with Ichimoku Kinko Hyo serving as the chosen technical indicator. The primary aim of this research endeavor is to identify the most lucrative money management combination within a three-year timeframe. The study centers on the EURUSD currency pair, employing the H1 timeframe for analysis. The research methodology encompasses four essential stages: data collection, data processing, strategy testing, and result analysis. Subsequently, the acquired EURUSD data will undergo amalgamation utilizing the One-Way ANOVA method to determine the presence of statistically significant disparities between the two combinations. The outcomes of this investigation underscore the supremacy of the cumulative win strategy and Ichimoku Kinko Hyo combination, exhibiting a remarkable Return on Investment (ROI) surpassing alternative combinations, soaring to an impressive figure exceeding 2860%.
Isolation And Characterization Of Nitrogen Fixing Fungi From Fruit And Vegetable Waste Compost
Authors: Dimas Prasetya Rizki , Walida Hilwa , Ainy Dalimunthe Badrul , Rizal Khairul
Published: July 2023

Nitrogen fixing fungi are fungi capable of fixing free nitrogen into ammonium or nitrate, so that it can be absorbed by plants. Many species of microbes/fungi have the ability to fix nitrogen, but very few are able to excrete nitrogen in the form of ammonia so that their contribution in providing nitrogen for plants is also still low. This study aims to determine the characteristics and type of nitrogen fixing fungi in fruit and vegetable waste compost. The method used in this research was descriptive method. Identification of nitrogen-fixing fungi was carried out macroscopically by looking at the color of the colonies, the shape of the colonies, and the diameter of the fungal colonies, an then identified by molecularly. There were 4 isolates of nitrogen-fixing fungi capable of forming clear zones on Jensen's media with different morphological characteristics and nitrogen-fixing abilities. The largest diameter of the clear zone was shown in isolate A3 of 3.2 cm which is the fungus Aspergillus niger strain SG1.
The Influence of Third-party Funds; Asset Quality, Profit, and Lost Sharing to The Islamic Bank Liquidity in Indonesia
Authors: Maulida Berniz Yulis , Najmudin Najmudin , Jayanti Esih , Yustina Rahmawati Ika , Utami Yuni
Published: July 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Islamic commercial banks experienced liquidity excess due to the third-party funds that increased and the weak distribution of financing by Islamic banks. In addition, the asset quality of Islamic banks is showing good development, this will affect the bank's ability to meet sufficient liquidity. This study uses 7 Islamic commercial banks as a sample from a population of 14 Islamic commercial banks registered in the Financial Services Authority (OJK) from March 2012 to December 2020 (quarterly data) period. This research method uses a fixed-effect model, with a GLS weight approach, Cross-section SUR. The results of this study are third party funds, asset quality (Non-Performing Financing), and Capital Adequacy Ratio have a significant effect on the liquidity of Islamic banks, while Profit and Loss Sharing and Return on Assets do not affect the liquidity of Islamic banks.
Customer Relationship Management : Literature Review
Authors: Rafikah Zulyanti Noer , Rizal Nur Irawan Mohamad
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this article is to provide a more meaningful view of CRM starting from the CRM definitions of several figures along with their orientation and the CRM strategic model framework so that later they can contribute to researchers and companies about CRM implementation and show that by managing customer relationships with both can increase the value of the organization/company. The method used is a literature study derived from previous books and articles that analyze the CRM model. There are 10 models in this article that are presented with comprehensive discussions and reviews that explore customer-centric, technology solutions to improve customer relationships, knowledge management systems, employee involvement in organizational performance.
Gambaran Kesehatan Mental Emosional Remaja
Authors: Florensa Florensa , Hidayah Nurul , Sari Lintang , Yousrihatin Fajar , Litaqia Wulida
Published: August 2023

Masa remaja merupakan masa dari anak-anak menuju dewasa. Hal ini berdampak pada berbagai masalah kesehatan jiwa pada remaja seperti masalah mental emosianal, masalah dengan orang tua dan teman, kecemasan dan depresi sehingga perlunya identifikasi masalah kesehatan jiwa remaja melalui deteksi dini. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi status kesehatan mental emosional remaja. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kota Pontianak yang berjumlah 478 orang. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Strength and Difficult Questionaire-SDQ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas remaja memiliki masalah perilaku normal (62,1%), masalah emosi normal (92,9 %), masalah teman sebaya normal (54,4%), dan kemampuan prososial normal (83,5%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan upaya kegiatan peningkatan dan pencegahan masalah kesehatan jiwa remaja.
Dukungan Keluarga dan Penerapan Self Care Management Lansia Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Yulita Meo Maria , Pati Rangga Yohanes Paulus , Ovi Fransiska
Published: August 2023

Hipertensi merupakan penyebab kematian pertama di dunia. Penanganan hipertensi meliputi terapi farmakologis dan non farmakologis seperti self-care management. Self-care management didefinisikan sebagai kegiatan seseorang dalam mengendalikan gejala, melakukan perawatan fisik dan psikologi ataupun menyesuaikan gaya hidup dengan penyakit yang dialami agar bisa menjaga kesehatan dan kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis korelasi antara dukungan keluarga dengan penerapan self-care manajemen lansia penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Nita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain analitik korelasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan Accidental sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 65 orang. Angket dipakai sebagai instrumen penelitian. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman Rank.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dukungan keluarga cukup sejumlah 40 orang (61,5%), dukungan keluarga kurang sejumlah 13 orang (20,1%), dan dukungan keluarga baik sejumlah 12 orang (18,4%). Self management baik sejumlah 12 orang (18%), self management cukup sejumlah 7 orang (11%) dan self management kurang sebanyak 46 orang (71%). Hasil uji statistik Spearman Rank menunjukan nilai signifikan p=0,257, sehingga H0 diterima Ha ditolak. Hal ini berarti dukungan keluarga tidak  mempunyai hubungan dengan self-care management lansia penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Nita.