bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Sesquiterpene Ethers from Vetiver Oil
Authors: Weyerstahl Peter , Marschall Helga , Splittgerber Ute , Wolf Dietmar
Published: June 2010

The four new sesquiterpene ethers 7β,10β‐epoxy‐4βH‐eremophila‐1,11(12)‐diene (4), 10β,11‐epoxy‐4βH‐eremophil‐1‐ene (5), 4α,7‐epoxy‐10βH‐spirovetiva‐2,11(12)‐diene (6) and 6α,12‐epoxy‐7βH,10βH‐spiroax‐4‐ene (8) were isolated from the unpolar part of the Haitian Vetiver oil and characterized by their spectral data.
Terminally Protected 1‐Phenyl‐1,5‐hexadiyne‐3,4‐diones as First Members of the Class of Dialkynyl‐1,2‐diones
Authors: Faust Rüdiger , Weber Christian
Published: June 2010

Reaction of lithiated 1‐(1‐ethoxy‐3‐phenyl‐prop‐2‐ynyl)‐1H‐benzotriazole (3) with various acetylenic aldehydes followed by periodinane oxidation and hydrolysis yields terminally protected 1‐phenyl‐1,5‐hexadiyne‐3,4‐diones 7a–d as the first examples of dialkynyl‐1,2‐diones.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Alcohols, XLIX. Tetrahydro‐4‐pyranols and 4‐Piperidinols by Intramolecular Allylboration Reaction
Authors: Hoffmann Reinhard W. , Hense Achim
Published: June 2010

trans‐ and cis‐3‐Vinyltetrahydropyran‐4‐ol (11) and (12) as well as derivatives of trans‐ and cis‐3‐vinyl‐4‐piperidinol (25) and (33) were synthesized by essentially stereospecific intramolecular allylboration reactions: The (Z)‐allylboronates 15 and 32 were converted into the cis‐disubstituted heterocycles the (E)‐allylboronates 9 and 23 into the trans‐disubstituted heterocycles.
Partially Benzoanellated Centrohexaquinanes: Oxidative Degradation of Centropolyindanes by Using Ruthenium(VIII) Oxide and Ozone
Authors: Gestmann Detlef , Kuck Dietmar , Pritzkow Hans
Published: June 2010

The oxidative degradation of benzo nuclei of various higher contropolyindanes with ruthenium (VIII) oxide or ozone was studied to further explore the chemistry of partially benzoanellated centrohexaquinanes. Besides the two tribenzotri‐quinacenes 12 and 15 which were used as model substrates for oxidation with RuVIII, centrohexaindane 1 was converted to the corresponding centrohexacyclic diketone 19 by using either RuO4 in stoichiometric amounts or O3 in dichloro‐methane/pyridine. Subsequent Wolff‐Kishner reduction of 19 gave pentabenzohexaquinane 4. Correspondingly, tribenzocentrohexaquinane 2 was degraded by sequential ozonolysis/reduction to the C2v‐symmetrical dibenzocentrohexaquinane 10 and monobenzocentrohexaquinane 11 in low yields (8–9% in each sequence). Due to the low efficiency of the ozonolyses, the parent centrohexaquinane 3 has remained elusive, yet. The deeply red centrohexacyclic 1,2‐diketone 19 was subjected to single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis and found to bear an almost perfectly syn‐coplanar α‐dicarbonyl chromophore with a strong and extremely low‐energy UV/Vis absorption (λmax = 512 and 531 nm).
Concave Reagents, 18. Synthesis, Conformational Behavior, and Basicity of New Pyridine‐Bridged Calix[6]arenes
Authors: Ross Haymo , Lüning Ulrich
Published: June 2010

Compounds 2–6 were synthesized by starting from the pyridine‐bridged calix[6]arenes 1. Most of these derivatives exist in a concave conformation like their parent compounds 1, but in some cases the conformational behavior is different. Relative basicities of 1–6 and of the open‐chain model compounds 7 were measured by a photometrical titration against thymol blue. An unexpectedly high basicity of 1–4 was found.
Synthesis of Novel Liquid‐Crystalline Allene Derivatives with Ferroelectric Properties
Authors: Stichler‐Bonaparte Jürgen , Kruth Holger , Lunkwitz Ralph , Tschierske Carsten
Published: June 2010

Some new heterocyclic liquid‐crystalline compounds incorporating a 1,3‐disubstituted allene unit were synthesised. These axial‐chiral compounds were investigated by polarisation microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. One of them was also synthesised in enantiomerically enriched form by enantioselective synthesis. It was found that the latter product exhibits a ferroelectric switchable chiral smectic C phase with an unexpectedly large value of the spontaneous polarisation.
The Chemistry of Unusual Macrolides, 3. δ‐Lactone Glycosides by C‐C Bond Cleavage of Concanamycin C and Elaiophylin Hydroperoxides
Authors: Boddien Claudia , Gerber‐Nolte Jutta , Zeeck Axel
Published: June 2010

A cleavage method by which the prelactones of the plecomacrolides concanamycin C (2) and elaiophylin (8) can be obtained was developed. A hydroperoxide in the position of the hemiketal hydroxy group of 2 and 8 was generated selectively by treatment with H2O2/VO(acac2) or H2O2/WO3. Application of Fe2+ salts (Fenton reaction) to 3 and 9 led to the prelactone glycosides 11 and 15, the structures of which were established by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the natural prelactone 10 and semisynthetic lactone 12, which both were obtained by a similar reaction sequence from the concanolide derivatives 4 and 6. The highly functionalized chiral δ‐lactone glycosides 11 and 15, which cannot be obtained by genetic engineering of the polyketide synthase of the parent plecomacrolides, represent the right‐hand side of the remarkably active ATPase inhibitor and will be of interest concerning structure‐activity relationships.
Synthesis of Azabenzisochromanquinone Antibiotics, I. Hetero Diels‐Alder Reactions of Isochromanquinones with 1‐Aza‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Tödter Carsten , Lackner Helmut
Published: June 2010

The total synthesis of a novel type of benzisochromanquinone antibiotics 2 containing nitrogen in the aromatic ring A is described. Three different isochromanquinone building blocks (6, 10, and 14) were subjected to cycloaddition reactions with five diverse 1‐aza‐1,3‐butadienes 15–17, 19 yielding three groups of structurally modified 6‐ and 9‐aza compounds: azaeleutherins 21–24, azaepinanaomycins 26–31, and 1‐methylazakalafungins 32–39. The regioselectivity of the reaction depends on the substituents at the diene and the structural symmetry of the quinone. The strategy provides a convenient access to a broad palette of structural variants. Particularly some azakalafungins show remarkable antibacterial and antitumor activities.
Synthesis, Resolution and Crystal Structure of a New Optically Active Nitroxide Radical
Authors: Benfaremo Nicholas , Steenbock Marco , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus , Enkelmann Volker , Cabrera Karin
Published: June 2010

The synthesis of the readily available racemate of the nitroxide radical 5 is described. The product exhibits exclusively the trans configuration. The cis product was not obtained. Optically pure enantiomers of 5 were isolated in gram quantities by chiral HPLC. Thus, separation of the enantiomers of a nitroxide radical was achieved for the first time. The structure of 5 was proven by a single‐crystal diffraction study.
Polar and Steric Substituent Effects in 5‐exo‐trig Cyclizations of 1‐Aryl‐4‐penten‐1‐oxyl Radicals
Authors: Hartung Jens , Hiller Margit , Schmidt Philipp
Published: June 2010

A series of 1‐aryl‐substituted 4‐penten‐1‐oxyl radicals 2 were generated from parent N‐alkoxypyridinethiones 6. The intermediates 2 undergo 5‐exo‐trig cyclizations which are sensitive to polar and steric substituent effects. Thus, para groups in the aromatic ring alter the reactivity of radicals 2c–e by one order of magnitude without changing the stereochemical course of the 5‐exo‐trig reaction (cis:trans = 50:50). Substitution of the ortho methyl groups for hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group affects the cis‐ring closures more than the trans reactions which lead to trans‐selective alkoxyl radical reactions. Methyl groups at the terminal olefinic double bond cause a significant acceleration of K5‐exo in general and of the trans reactions in particular. Thus, trans‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐phenyltetrahydrofuran (8i) was the major product in the photoreaction of pyridinethione 6i in the presence of tri‐n‐butyltin hydride (98% yield, cis:trans, 30:70).
Metabolites of the Higher Fungi, 30.threo‐ anderythro‐Telfairic Acid and 2,3‐Didehydrotelfairic Anhydride from the FungusXylaria telfairii
Authors: Adeboya Monilola Oladunni , Edwards Raymond Leslie , Maitland Derek James , Laessó Thomas , Whalley Anthony James Seddon
Published: June 2010

Three novel metabolites,threo‐ and erythro‐telfairic acid [threo‐ anderyhro‐(1′E,3′E)‐2‐(4‐carboxyhexa‐1,3‐dienyl)‐3‐methylsuccinic acid (3aand3b)] as well as 2,3‐didehydrotelfairic anhydride [1′E,3′E)‐2‐(4‐carboxyhexa‐1,3‐dienyl)‐3 methylmaleic anhydride (4)] have been isolated from the culture medium of the fungusXylaria telfairiiBerk. Their structures (apart from the absolute configuration of3aand3b) have been elucidated by chemical and physical methods.
The Conjugate Addition of Benzoyl(thioacetanilides) to Nitroalkenes Synthesis of Functionalized Thiophenes and Pyrroles
Authors: Bogdanowicz‐Szwed Krystyna , Palasz Aleksandra , Rys Barbara , Soja Dorota , Grochonski Jacek , Serda Pawer
Published: June 2010

Reaction of benzoyl(thioacetanilides) 1 with (E)‐β‐nitrostyrenes 2 yields 4‐aryl‐2‐arylimino‐3‐benzoyl‐5‐hydroxyimino‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrothiophenes 7. In PPA medium the oxime function of 7 undergoes dehydration and hydrolysis leading to 4‐aryl‐2‐arylimino‐3‐benzoyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐5‐oxothiophenes 9. Reaction of 7 with hydrochloric acid involves dehydration, hydrolysis and ring transformation to 1,4‐diaryl‐3‐benzoyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐5‐oxo‐2‐thioxopyrroles 10. Acetic anhydride reacts with 7 to yield 5‐acetylimino‐4‐aryl‐2‐arylimino‐3‐benzoyl‐2,5‐dihydrothiophenes 11.
Synthesis of N‐α‐(6‐Hydrazinonicotinoyl)‐Octreotide: A Precursor of a [99mTc] Complex
Authors: Krois Daniel , Riedel Christina , Kalchhauser Hermann , Lehner Harald , Angelberger Peter , Virgolini Irene
Published: June 2010

The synthesis of the title compound 12 via [3 + 4] and [7 + 2] segment condensation, respectively, using minimal protection of amino acid side chains is presented. The need to include the 6‐hydrazinonicotinic acid into a complete peptide synthesis originates from the juxtaposition of two factors, namely from the poor regioselectivity of Boc2O towards the amino groups of octreotide 1 and secondly from the distinct chemical properties of N‐hydroxysuccinimide esters of 6‐hydrazinonicotinic acid derivatives in general. The structure of the ligated octreotide derivative 12 suitable for the preparation of a [99mTc]‐labelled metal complex was established by spectroscopic methods. The study is complemented by conformational considerations on the pharmacophore of 12 and the parent octapeptide 1, being based on circular dichroism spectroscopy and 2D‐NMR techniques.
Ringumlagerungen bei der Mitsunobu‐Alkylierung von Phthalazinonen und Indazololen
Authors: Knaack Martin , Müller Arndt , Fleischhauer Ilona , Charpentier Patricia , Emig Peter , Kutscher Bernhard
Published: June 2010

Ring‐Rearrangement During the Mitsunobu Alkylation of Phthalazinones and Indazolols

The Mitsunobu alkylation of substituted phthalazinones and indazolols with cyclic hydroxy‐ and hydroxymethyl‐substituted amines was investigated. In addition to the expected derivatives ring‐narrowed and ring‐enlarged rearrangement products were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The occurence of these products can be explained by the existence of a bicyclic intermediate. The results of the reaction of phthalazinones with optically active amine compounds show a stereospecific reaction mechanism. The reaction of the phthalazinones leads to N‐substituted products, while in the case of the indazolols O‐substituted derivatives were isolated. A postulated bicyclic intermediate, 1‐methyl‐1‐azoniabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, was synthesized as chloride.
Synthese von 2‐Benzoxepin‐1‐onen
Authors: Onusseit Oliver , Meise Werner
Published: June 2010

Synthesis of 2‐Benzoxepin‐1‐ones

A simple synthesis of the two 2‐benzoxepin‐1‐ones 5a and 5b is reported.
Wirkung von Distamycin A und Netropsin auf normale und zellwandlose Zellen von Escherichia coli W1655F+
Authors: Schuhmann Edith , Haupt Ina , Thrum H. , Taubeneck U. , May Ursula
Published: June 2010

Distamycin A and netropsin are basic oligopeptide antibiotics. Though the chemical structure of both antibiotics is very similar, the action on grampositive and gramnegative bacteria is quite different. Distamycin A acts only on grampositive bacteria, while netropsin inhibits grampositive as well as gramnegative bacteria.

Our experiments with the normal rod form and the stable protoplast type L‐form of E. coli W1655F+ have shown that distamycin A inhibits gramnegative bacteria to the same extent as netropsin, when wall‐less L‐form‐ells were used. The normal rod cells were inhibited by netropsin only. That means that the wall prevents the penetration of distamycin A as reported earlier for the macrolid antibiotics, actinomycin C and kirromycin.
Licht‐ und elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an Protein‐kristallen und Mikrotubuli in Hefeprotoplasten
Authors: May R. , Gottstein H.
Published: June 2010

Unusual structures ‐ crystals, crystal‐associated microtubules, and bundles of microtubules ‐ have been observed in protoplasts, but not in normally grown cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and S. cerevisiae. The leaflet‐like crystals (diameter 0.3‐3 μm, thickness 0.01‐0.1 μm) occurred in the cyto‐ and karyoplasm. Crystals perpendicularly sectioned to the plane frequently showed highly regular arrays of electron‐opaque lines (periodicity 15 nm). Lamellar, rectangular, and hexagonal patterns could be seen on crystals sectioned parallelly to the plane.

Smaller microtubules (outer diameter 15 nm) packed to compact bundles or fixed on crystals occurred only in the karyoplasm and they did not show any direct relations to the thicker microtubulus (outer diameter 20 nm) of the spindle apparatus.

It is suggested that the crystals could be aggregations of tubulin or virus protein.
Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse bei Bacillus‐Arten
Authors: Steinigeweg Rosmarie , Ottow J. C. G.
Published: June 2010

Using 4 different methods, a total of 126 Bacillus strains representing 33 different species, was examined for their ability to degrade methoxylated and demethylated pectin. The highest number of pectinolytic strains (35) was found with a newly developed, tubed polypectate‐gel, which gave complete liquefaction upon pectinolysis. The pectinolytic activity appeared to be restricted to 8 recognized species belonging to 5 groups: The B. maceranspolymyxa group, the B. licheniformis‐pumilius‐subtilis group, B. pantothenticus, B. alvei, and B. lentus. However, not all strains of a single species revealed a positive pectinolytic activity. Thus, only a part of the strains of the second and fifth group were found to be pectinolytic. Pectinolysis with B. alvei (ILM 21, JO 42) and B. lentus (CCM 35, CCM 2214) was recorded not until a prolonged incubation in the tubed pectate‐gel was used.

Pectinolysis of selected B. licheniformis and B. pantothenticus strains was stimulated markedly by ammonium‐ and phosphat‐ions at various pH levels. The simultaneous addition of calcium and phosphate to the medium decreased the intensity of pectinolysis clearly. Calcium, if added solely, stimulated pectinolytic activity of B. pantothenticus strains only at a reduced concentration.
Bakterielle Ornithinlipide
Authors: Thiele O. W. , Schwinn G.
Published: June 2010

Aus der Fraktion der polaren Lipide von Brucella melitensis, Br. abortus und Bordetella pertussis wurde ein phosphatfreies Lipid isoliert, das aus vier Bausteinen besteht: Ornithin, Athylenglykol und zwei Fettsäuren. Äthylenglykoll ist darin esterartig mit Ornithin und mit einer der beiden Fettsäuren (bei den Brucellen vorwiegend Lactobacillussäure) verbunden, während die andere Fettsäure (vorwiegend Palmitin‐ und Stearinsäure) amidartig mit einer Aminogruppe des Ornithins verbunden ist. Es wird ein Überblick über die bisher bekannten Ornithinlipide anderer Bakterienspecies gegeben.
Vorkommen von Mucopolysacchariden bei Pasteurella multocida: Isolierung von Hyaluronsäure aus A‐ und B‐Serotyp‐Stämmen
Authors: Hubald J. , Erler W. , Feist H. , Flossmann K.‐D.
Published: June 2010

In zwei Stämmen von P. multocida des serologischen Typs A bzw. B nach CARTER, die in chemisch definierten Nährmedien kultiviert wurden, konnte in unterschiedlicher Quantität Hyaluronsäure nachgewiesen werden. Diese war fest an der Zelle gebunden und ließ sich nach Ablösung mit Papain und nachfolgenden Reinigungsschritten mit chromatographischer Trennung an ECTEOLA‐Cellulose isolieren. Bei Verwendung von 3H‐ bzw. 14C‐Glucosaminhydrochlorid als radioaktive Präkursoren war eine Markierung der Hyaluronsäure möglich. Die Hauptmenge der Radioaktivität war im Gluscoamin wieder nachweisbar. Die Bedeutung der Hyaluronsäure als Kapselsubstanz für P. multocida wird diskutiert. Obwohl auch bei einem B‐Typ‐Stamm Hyaluronsäure gefunden wurde, scheint diese für den serologischen Typ A besondere Bedeutung zu haben, da sie hier in wesentlich höherer Menge nachgewiesen wurde.
Flow microcalorimetry of a respiration‐deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Loureiro‐Dias M. C. , Arrabaca J. D.
Published: June 2010

In aerobic batch cultures in mineral medium with glucose of a respiration‐deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growth parameters were estimated and the heat evolved was measured by a flow microcalorimeter. A growth enthalpy of – 163.6 joule per mole of glucose consumed was measured. Under anaerobic conditions, the value was – 134.6 joule, closer to the expected for alcoholic fermentation alone. The difference was found to be due to cyanide‐resistant respiration under aerobic conditions.
Isolierung von Streptothricin‐resistenten Mutanten aus Escherichia coli K12, Stamm A19
Authors: Seidel L. , Haupt Ina
Published: June 2010

Mutants with various levels of resistance to streptothricin were isolated from Escherichia coli K12, strain A19 after mutagenesis with N‐methyl‐N'‐nitroso‐guanidine and ethylmethane‐sulfonate. Nourseothricin, a mixture of streptothricin F. and D was the selection agent. Spontaneous resistant mutants could not be found. The streptothricin‐resistant mutant E. coli A19 Stcr 2/2/1 shows cross‐resistance to some of the aminoglycoside antibiotics investigated, but no cross‐resistance to chloramphenicol and chlortetracyclin. These results indicate similar mechanisms of action of streptothricin and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Microbial methane oxidation in the River Saar
Authors: Zaiss U. , Winter P. , Kaltwasser H.
Published: June 2010

In the River Saar, the distribution of methane‐oxidizing bacteria and their metabolic activity were determined in vertical and longitudinal profiles. At the sediment surface about two orders of magnitude more methane oxidizers were detected than in the overlying water. In the river as well as in laboratory experiments, the rate of methane oxidation was closely related to the concentration of methane. Most of the methane produced by methanogenic bacteria in the sediment escaped into the atmosphere. On the average only 1.2% of the produced methane was oxidized in the water phase.
Mikrobielle Seitenkettenabspaltung von Phenylharnstoffen und Carbonsäureaniliden
Authors: Lechner U. , Straube G. , Köhler M.
Published: June 2010

A Gram‐ negative rod‐shaped bacterium 28/1 isolated by enrichment cultures is able to hydrolyze the amide bond of some phenylurea herbicides and acid anilide herbicides by an inducible amidase. 7.5% of 0.3 μmol. ml−1 linuron (3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1‐methoxy‐1‐methylurea) are hydrolyzed after 16 hours. 1,1‐Dimethylphenylureas are not degraded. Acid anilides are hydrolyzed at a higher rate, 80% of 0.5 μmol. ml−1 N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐propionamide and N‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐propionamide are transformed after 6 hours. The 1‐methoxy‐1‐methyl phenylureas are effective inducers. Linuron‐induced cells have a specific activity of 3—4 nmol per mg dry weight per min on the substrate N‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐propionamide (Propanil). The rate of hydrolysis is influenced by substituents of the aniline ring and by the structure of the side chain of the acid anilides.
The localization of SPO1 phage resistance in the genome of Bacillus subtilis as revealed by fusion of protoplasts
Authors: Mach F. , Jatzwauk L.
Published: June 2010

We localized the gene for resistance to phage SPO1 relatively to the markers pur B 34 and ura by means of the polyethylene‐glycol induced fusion of bacterial protoplasts of three‐fold auxotrophic Bacillus subtilis strains S3 and S13. By this same method, the site of some auxotrophic markers was tentatively determined. The application of the protoplast fusion technique to exact genetic analysis will not be possible until the exo‐ and endogenous factors influencing cell wall regeneration are standardized. Fluctuations of this kind are very significant for the determination of genetic segregation.
Untersuchungen zur Erhaltung des Plasmids pBR 322 in diskontinuierlicher Kultur von Escherichia coli K12 C600
Authors: Wiehle W. , Hecker M. , Mach F.
Published: June 2010

The maintenance of the plasmid pBR 322 in E. coli K12 C600 recB recC was investigated during successive discontinuous cultures. The percentage of tetracyclin resistant cells, the plasmid content and the β‐lactamase activity decrease during growth, indicating the segregation of plasmid‐free cells. The amount of plasmid‐free segregants which overgrow the plasmid‐containing bacteria, depends on the generation number of growth. By contrast, in C600 rec+ (pBR 322) the plasmid is maintained more stable during prolonged incubation. These results suggest the involvement of the recB recC‐gene product in plasmid maintenance.
Microbial transformation of bile acids. A unified scheme for bile acid degradation, and hydroxylation of bile acids
Authors: Hayakawa S.
Published: June 2010

Through the isolation and identification of a wide variety of degradation products formed from bile acids by microorganisms, a unified scheme for the complete degradation of bile acids to carbon dioxide and water has been proposed and discussed. The proposed degradative pathways mainly consist of the following steps: natural C24 3‐hydroxy bile acids → 3‐oxo bile acids → Δ4‐3‐oxo bile acids → → C16 or C18 perhydroindane derivative (at least in two ways) → → (4→)‐4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐octanedioic acid (at least in three ways) → → CO2 and H2O.

A microbial hydroxylation method for the preparation of bile acid samples was investigated which could be used as reference standards in the analysis of bile acids in biological materials and also as materials for studying the function of bile acids. The particular fungi, Curcularia lunata NRRL‐2380, Helicostylum piriforme ATTC‐8992 and Pestalotia foedans ATCC‐11817 effected the 1β‐, 11β‐, 12β‐, 15α‐ or 15β‐hydroxylation of certain bile acids and gave the following products: 1β,3α‐, 3α,12β‐ and 3α,15β‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholan −24‐oic acids, 3α,12β,15α‐ and 3α,12β, 15β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acids and 12β,15β‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from‐lithocholic acid; 1β,3α,12α‐ and 3α,12α,15β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acids and 3α, 11β‐dihydroxy‐12‐oxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from deoxycholic acid; 3α, 7α, 12β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid 3α,7α,12β, 15α‐tetrahydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid; 3α‐6α,12β‐ and 3α,6α, 15β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acids from hyodeoxycholic acid; 3α, 7β, 12β trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from ursodeoxycholic acid; 3α,12β‐dihydroxy‐7‐oxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from 3α‐hydroxy‐7‐oxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid. Some of these products were new compounds and their structures were determine.
Factors regulating the steroid 11‐hydroxylation by non‐germinating spores of Cunninghamella elegans (LENDNER)
Authors: Jaworski A. , Sedlaczek L. , Wilmańska D. , Sasiak A. , Strycharska A.
Published: June 2010

In the presence of malate or citrate sporangiospores of C. elegans were able to hydroxylate cortexolone with a rate twofold exceeding that of the control, water suspended spores. Analysis of the intracellular nicotinamide coenzyme pools revealed an increased NADPH: (NADP+ + NADPH) ratio, indicating more effective NADPH‐generating systems in malate‐ or citrate‐stimulating spores.

Swollen spores remaining in the pregermination state, retained higher cortexolone‐hydroxylating activity in the absence of malate and citrate. In these spores degradation of endogenous alanine and glutamic acid was observed. Possible NADPH‐generating systems in C. elegans sporangiospores were discussed.
New anthracycline antibiotics produced by interspecific recombinants of streptomycetes. IV. Antimicrobial activity of iremycin
Authors: Fleck W. F. , Schlegel Brigitte , Ihn W.
Published: June 2010

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of iremycin (10‐(α‐L‐rhodosaminyl)‐gamma‐rhodomycinone) was determined in comparison to that of doxorubicin, a 14‐hydroxy‐derivative of daunorubicin, which exhibited a strong antitumor activity and is useful in chemotherapy of human tumors. The MIC values determined by means of a standardized agar diffusion plate test indicated a lower antimicrobial activity of iremycin in vitro in comparison to that of doxorubicin. In contrast to doxorubicin, iremycin was highly active against Mycobacterium smegmatis, but fivefold less active than doxorubicin against Staphylococcus aureus, sevenfold less active against Bacillus subtilis, and twentyfivefold less active against Commamonas terrigena. Furthermore, iremycin was hundredfold less active against a highly sensitive permeation mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No inducing activity on prophages in lysogenic E. coli cells was demonstrable for iremycin and no growth inhibition in the repair test was observable. In contrast, iremycin inhibited the multiplication of λ‐phages in the BIP test, but the MIC values of violamycin BI, doxorubicin and iremycin in this test system indicated that iremycin is twohundredfiftyfold less active than violamycin BI and tenfold less active than doxorubicin. No serum binding was demonstrable for iremycin.
Immobilization of glucose isomerase
Authors: Suekane M.
Published: June 2010

The immobilization of glucose isomerase (D‐xylose ketol isomerase, EC 5.3.1.5) by covalently bonding to various carriers and by adsorption to ion exchange resins was attempted in order to obtain a stable immobilized enzyme which can be used for continuous isomerization of glucose in a column.

Of the covalent bonding methods, the colloidal silica‐glutaraldehyde method showed the highest binding capacity and gave the stablest immobilized glucose isomerase. The LUDOX HS‐30 bound glucose isomerase column showed a half‐life of 24 days and an enzyme usage of 0.07 units per gram of isomerized sugar (d.s., fructose 45%).

Of the resins used, the macromolecular type or porous type strongly basic anion exchange resins showed the highest binding capacity and gave the stablest immobilized glucose isomerase. The Amberlite IRA‐904 resine‐bound glucose isomerase showed a half‐life of 23 days and an enzyme usage of 0.06 units per gram of isomerized sugar (d. s., fructose 45%).

Based on the ease of the immobilization process, the possibility of carrier ruse the extensive use already achieve by ion exchange resins in the sugar industry, IRA‐904 resin was selected as the candidate for commercialization.
Effect of short‐chain alcohols on production of NADP‐glycohydrolase by Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Gräfe U.
Published: June 2010

Short‐chain alcohols as e.g. methanol and ethanol were found to suppress both the formation of NADP‐glycohydrolase by S. griseus and the excretion of enzyme into the medium. The results suggest that the generation of enzyme represents a compartmentized process in which membrane structure is involved.
Effect of L‐valine and L‐isoleucine on fatty acid composition of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and S. griseus
Authors: Gräfe U. , Roth M. , Krebs D.
Published: June 2010

The effects of L‐valine and L‐isoleucine on the composition of mycelial fatty acids were investigated during growth of differentiation parent strains, of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces griseus as well as their non‐differentiating derivatives (Amy− strains) on a synthetic medium. Both in the Amy+ and Amy− strains, in the presence of L‐valine, the portion of the isopalmitic acid (iC16:0) increased, but the addition of L‐isoleucine led to an elevated level of the 12‐methyltetradecanoic acid (aC15:0). The results suggest that the genetically determined alterations in he ratio of both fatty acids in the non‐differentiating derivatives may be due to specific changes in the biosynthetic pathways of both amino acid precursors rather than due tro changes of their catabolism.
Relation of anabolic‐catabolic glucose utilization in growth‐limited cultures of Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Christner A. , Bormann E. J. , Reiche R.
Published: June 2010

Phenotypically different submerged mycelium conserves had been produced from a spore conserve of the HP‐strain Streptomyces griseus and proofed in a product formation culture as a test system.

The phenotypical characters induced on the base of the genotype proved in a cultivation cycle during 30–34 reduplications of the biomass constant.

Employing the HP phenotype we investigated the possibility of economizing the substrate turnover by utilizing the anabolic potential for the synthesis of secondary substances and/or reducing the conservation catabolism during the stationary growth stage. As criteria for that served the stoichiometric turnover equation of the streptomycin biosynthesis and the quotient qO2/qGluc taking at full substrate oxidation the numerical value 6.

During the stationary growth stage the relation of maintenance anabolism to maintenance catabolism in addition to the formation as secondary substances is not fixed in the tested HP phenotypes, but in a striking manner variable. The relation of by‐product synthesis to secondary metabolism synthesis, too, is variable in the stationary growth stage with constant maintenance catabolism. Due to those response reactions on phenotypical manipulations an economization of the substrate turnover during the product formation stage with stationary growth is not possible in the streptomycin producer Streptomyces griseus.
Bildung und Isolierung des Phytotoxins Tentoxin aus Alternaria alternata
Authors: Liebermann B. , Oertel B.
Published: June 2010

A chlorosis‐inducing phytoeffector from culture filtrate of Alternaria alternata (FRIES) KEISSLER, whose mycelium was grown in synthetic media, was isolated with good yields (50 mg/l) and identified as tentoxin. In addition to this compound, purification on Sephadex G‐15 yielded several byproducts with absorbance at 270 nm. This procedure of tentoxin isolation is more effective than traditional ones. The phytotoxin, whose production depends on fermentation‐temperature, can be determined quantitatively in a good agreement by bioassay or spectrophotometry.
Development of breeding stocks of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica by methods of moderate inbreeding
Authors: Kurischko Cornelia , Inge‐Vechtomov S. G. , Weber H.
Published: June 2010

Sporulation parameters of genetically labelled strains, derived from a wild strain of the alkane‐utilizing yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica were improved by a breeding program using brother‐ssister crosses. Sporulation frequency, the number of four‐spored asci and viability of ascospores could be significantly enhanced. To date a number of genetically well‐defined strains is available that have good sporulation parameters and show a 1:1 segregation pattern of markers suitable for genetic analysis.
Robotic surgery of the infratemporal fossa utilizing novel suprahyoid port
Authors: McCool Ryan R. , Warren Frank M. , Wiggins Richard H. , Hunt Jason P.
Published: June 2010

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To develop a minimally invasive technique for robotic access to the infratemporal fossa and describe use of a novel suprahyoid port placement.

Study Design:

A cadaveric study to assess feasibility of robotic dissection of the infratemporal fossa using a novel, midline suprahyoid port placement.

Methods:

Six complete and two partial dissections of the infratemporal fossa were carried out on one fixed and three fresh cadaveric heads using the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). The suprahyoid port site was utilized to place one robotic arm into the vallecula. The second arm and 30° camera were placed transorally, and dissections were performed through the lateral pharyngeal wall and into the infratemporal fossa with identification and preservation of the lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, internal and external carotid arteries, jugular vein, and cranial nerves IX–XII. Surgical clips were placed at the extent of dissection, and computed tomography (CT) imaging was obtained after dissections.

Results:

The transoral and midline suprahyoid port sites provide excellent access to the infratemporal fossa. The midline port site has excellent utility for accessing wide areas of the skull base bilaterally. CT imaging shows surgical clips placed successfully at the skull base foramina of major neurovascular structures.

Conclusions:

Robotic surgery offers several advantages over traditional endoscopic surgery with the addition of tremor‐free, two‐handed technique and microscopic three‐dimensional visualization. A midline suprahyoid port placement provides minimally invasive access for excellent exposure of the infratemporal fossa bilaterally. Laryngoscope, 2010
Determination of total polar material in frying oil using accelerated solvent extraction
Authors: Zainal  , Isengard Heinz‐Dieter
Published: June 2010

During use, frying fats undergo chemical deterioration. This leads to the formation of compounds that are more polar than the triacylglycerols of the fat. Collectively these are called total polar material (TPM), and the mass concentration of TPM is used as an indicator of the quality of frying fats. According to official methods, the fat or oil is separated into polar and non‐polar fractions by preparative column chromatography (PCC). The chromatographic step is time‐consuming and needs large amounts of solvents. Here we show that the chromatographic step can be replaced by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). This was demonstrated for high‐oleic sunflower oil in which potatoes, carrots and parsnips were fried. The materials separated by these two procedures are shown to be identical as judged by HPLC of the TPM. The two procedures show good agreement.
Weitere Bemerkungen zu Extremalproblemen bei im Mittel quasikonformen Abbildungen
Authors: Kirsch Siegfried
Published: June 2010

Es wird ein Extremalproblem in einer Klasse Q(z)‐quasikonformer Abbildungen untersucht, deren Dilatation im Integralmittel beschränkt ist. Mit Hilfe notwendiger und hinreichender Extremalitätsbedingungen werden einige Beziehungen zwischen den Extremalfunktionen zu verschiedenen Integralmittelschranken hergeleitet und Extremalfunktionen bei speziellen Mittelungsprozessen analytisch konstruiert.
Finite Section Method for the Double Layer Potential Operator over Polyhedral Boundaries
Authors: Rathsfeld A.
Published: June 2010

In this paper we consider the finite section method for the solution of the double layer potential equation corresponding to Laplace's equation in a three‐dimensional polyhedron. We prove the stability of our method in case of special polyhedrons.
A Class of Infinitesimal Generators and Time Reversal for the Corresponding One‐Dimensional Markov Processes
Authors: Weber M.
Published: June 2010

A class of infinitesimal generators A of strongly continuous nonnegative contraction semigroups in a subspace of C[0, 1] is introduced. It contains the class of generators of regular gap diffusions. A construction of the Markov process X generated by A gives some stochastic interpretations of the integral term which appears in A. The infinitesimal generator of the time reversal of X (with respect to its life time) is explicitly given. It belongs to the introduced class of generators too. Thus, the considered class is invariant under this transformation. Two examples, the time reversal of gap diffusions with nonlocal boundary conditions and the time reversal of processes with Levy‐measure, complete the note.
Scattering Matrices in the Theory of Unitary Extension of Isometric Operators
Authors: Arov D. Z. , Grossman L. Z.
Published: June 2010

Die Arbeit enthält eine ausführliche Darlegung der in der Bemerkung [2] angekündigten Resultate. Sie ist stark beeinflußt von den langjährigen Forschungen M. G. Kreins über verallgemeinerte Resolventen und Resolventenmatrizen und stellt eine Weiterentwicklung derselben dar. Wesentlich wird auf Brodskii's Beitrag zur Theorie unitärer Operatorknoten zurückgegriffen. Das zentrale Resultat der Arbeit ist Theorem 2, welches eine Formel zur Beschreibung der Streumatrizen aller unitären Erweiterungen eines vorgegebenen isometrischen Operators im Hilbertraum liefert. Aus diesem Resultat werden einige aus der Literatur bekannte klassische Spezialfälle wie etwa die Formel von H. Langer hergeleitet.
On the Distributions δk and (δ')k
Authors: Koh E. L. , Kuan Li Chen
Published: June 2010

Powers and products of distributions have not as yet been defined to hold true in general. In this paper, we choose a fixed δ‐sequence and use the concept of neutrix limit to give meaning to the distributions δk and (δ')k for some k. These may be regarded as powers of Dirac delta functions.
On weak and Moments Convergence of Randomly Indexed Sums
Authors: Krajka A. , Rychlik Z.
Published: June 2010

Let {Xn, n ⩾ 1) be a sequence of independent random variables such that EXn = an, E(Xn − an)2 = σ, n ⩾ 1. Let {Nn, n ⩾ 1} be a sequence of positive integer‐valued random variables. Let us put

In this paper we present necessary and sufficient conditions for weak and moments convergence of the sequence {(S‐Ln)/sn, n ⩾ 1}, as n → ∞. Hermite polinomial type limit theorems are also considered. The obtained results extend the main theorem of M. Finkelstein and H. G. Tucker (1989).
Correspondance de Langlands‐Kazhdan explicite dans le cas non ramifié
Authors: Henniart Par Guy
Published: June 2010

Soit F un corps local non archimédien à corps résiduel fini, et soit E une extension non ramifiée de F, de degré n. On dispose de plusieurs procédés pour associer, à chaque caractère régulier de Ex, une classe de représentations admissibles irréductibles supercuspidales de GLn(F). L'un est totalement explicite et est dû à P. Gérardin. Un autre, obtenu par l'utilisation globale de formules des traces, est dû à D. Kazhdan. Nous décrivons ici explicitement le lien entre ces deux procédés.
Weighted Weak Behaviour of Fourier‐Jacobi Series
Authors: Guadalupe José J. , Pérez Mario , Varona Juan L.
Published: June 2010

Let w(x) = (1 ‐ x)α (1 + x)β be a Jacobi weight on the interval [‐1, 1] and 1 < p < ∞. If either α > −1/2 or β > −1/2 and p is an endpoint of the interval of mean convergence of the associated Fourier‐Jacobi series, we show that the partial sum operators Sn are uniformly bounded from Lp,1 to Lp,∞, thus extending a previous result for the case that both α, β > −1/2. For α, β > −1/2, we study the weak and restricted weak (p, p)‐type of the weighted operators f→uSn(u−1f), where u is also Jacobi weight.
Transcendency Results for Sums of Reciprocals of Linear Recurrences
Authors: Becker Paul‐Georg , Töpper Thomas
Published: June 2010

Suppose that {Rn}n≥0 is a linear recursive sequence andd≥ 2 is an integer. Under suitable conditions on {Rn} anddwe show thatand similarly constructed numbers are transcendental. Special attention is given to the case of binary recurrences.
Weighted Triebel‐Lizorkin Spaces on Locally Compact Vilenkin Groups
Authors: Kitada Toshiyuki , Onneweer C. W.
Published: June 2010

Let G be a locally compact Vilenkin group. We consider the atomic and molecular decomposition of the weighted Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces on G. As an application of it we prove boundedness results for certain pseudodifferential operators on such spaces.
Dirichlet Problems in Polyhedral Domains I: Regularity of the Solutions
Authors: Lubuma Jean Mbaro‐Saman , Nicaise Serge
Published: June 2010

The solution of the Dirichlet problem relative to an elliptic operator in a polyhedron has a complex singular behaviour near edges and vertices. Here we show that this solution and its conormal derivative have a global regularity in appropriate weighted Sobolev spaces. We also investigate some compact embeddings of these spaces. The present results will be applied in a forthcoming work to the constructive treatment of the problem by optimal convergent finite clement method and boundary element method.
On Some Characteristics of Anisotropic Fibre Processes
Authors: Beneš Viktor , Chadœuf Joël , Ohser Joachim
Published: June 2010

This paper derives properties of various estimators of length intensity of stationary random fibre processes inRd.The projections of the process ontoR1and intersections with a system of parallel (d‐ 1)‐dimensional hyperplanes are studied. The estimation variances are expressed by means of pair correlation functions of appropriate random measures. The results are formulated for the anisotropic models in arbitrary dimension. Explicit formulas are obtained for the anistropic Boolean segment process.
On a Distributional Equation in Information Theory
Authors: Deeba Elias , Koh E. L. , Xie Shishen
Published: June 2010

In this paper the functional equation will be reformulated in distributions. Operators in appropriate function spaces will be introduced to mirror functional operations. Then a solution will be given for the equation in distributions. Finally it is pointed out that for regular distributions the distributional solution reduces to the classical one.
A Stochastic Characterization of Arov‐completable Matrix‐valued Schur Functions
Authors: Fritzsche Bernd , Kirstein Bernd
Published: June 2010

A (p + q) × (p + q) matrix‐valued inner function S in the unit disc 𝔻 is called (p, q)‐type Arov‐inner if in the block partition . the p × p diagonal block S11 and the q × q diagonal block S22 are outer matrix‐valued functions. A holomorphic p × q matrix‐valued function f in 𝔻 is called Arov‐completable if there is a (p, q)‐type Arov‐inner function S such that S12 = f Arov‐completability of a given p × q Schur function f is characterized in terms of a (p + q)‐variate stationary sequence (Xn) ϵ Z) in Hilbert space which is naturally associated with f. The necessary and sufficient condition for Arov‐completability is an orthogonality condition for certain backward and forward innovation vectors generated by (Xn) ϵ Z.
Quadrature Rules for the Surface Integral of the Unit Sphere Based on Extremal Fundamental Systems
Authors: Reimer M.
Published: June 2010

Quadrature rules for the surface integral of the unit Sphere Sr–1 based on an extremal fundamental system, i.e., a nodal system which provides fundamental Lagrange interpolatory polynomials with minimal uniform norm, are investigated. Such nodal systems always exist; their construction has been given in earlier work. Here the main results is that the corresponding interpolatory quadrature for the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree two is equally weighted for arbitrary r, and hence positive. For the full quadratic polynomial space we can prove positivity of the weights, only.
A Sufficient Statistic for Con‐invariant Test Problems
Authors: Schindler Werner
Published: June 2010

In this paper we will construct a sufficient statistic for test problems on G × G × … × G where G is a compact connected Lie group and every admissible hypothesis fulfills a particular symmetry condition. An explicit formula for this sufficient statistic will be derived for G = SO(n) which is the case of most practical interest.
Operators and Dynamical Systems on Weighted Function Spaces
Authors: Singh R. K. , Manhas J. S.
Published: June 2010

Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space, let V be a system of weights on X and let E be a locally convex Hausdorff space. Let CV0(X, E) and CVb(X, E) be the weighted locally convex spaces of vector‐valued continuous functions with a topology generated by seminorms which are weighted analogue of the supremum norm. In the present paper, we characterize multiplication operators and weighted composition operators on the spaces CV0(X, E) and CVb(X, E) induced by scalar‐valued and vector‐valued mappings. A (linear) dynamical system on these weighted spaces is obtained as an application of the theory of multiplication operators.
On an Approximate Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for the Generalized Laplacian
Authors: Tarkhanov Nikolai N.
Published: June 2010

For an arbitrary differential operatorPof orderpon an open setX⊂Rn, the Laplacian is defined by Δ =P*P. It is an elliptic differential operator of order2pprovided the symbol mapping ofPis injective. LetObe a relatively compact domain inXwith smooth boundary, andBj(j= 0…,p— 1) be a Dirichlet system of orderp− 1 on ∂O. By {Cj} we denote the Dirichlet system on ∂Oadjoint for {Bj} with respect to the Green formula forP.The Hardy spaceH2(O) is defined to consist of all the solutionsfof Δf= 0 inOof finite order of growth near the boundary such that the weak boundary values of the expression {Bjf} and {Cj(Pf)} belong to the Lebesgue spaceL2(∂O). Then the Dirichlet problem consists of finding a solutionfϵH2(O) with prescribed data {Bjf} on ∂O.We develop the classical Fischer‐Riesz equations method to derive a solvability condition of the Dirichlet problem as well as an approximate formula for solutions.
On the Stokes and Navier‐Stokes System for Domains with Noncompact Boundary in Lq‐spaces
Authors: Farwig Reinhard , Sohr Hermann
Published: June 2010

We consider the Lq‐theory of weak solutions of the Stokes and Navier‐Stokes equations in two classes of unbounded domains with noncompact boundary, namely in perturbed half spaces which are obtained by a perturbation of the half space IRn, and in aperture domains consisting of two disjoint half spaces separated by a wall but connected by a hole (aperture) through this wall. The proofs rest on the cut‐off procedure and a new multiplier approach to the half space problem. In an aperture domain we additionally prescribe either the flux through the wall or the pressure drop at infinity to single out a unique solution. The nonlinear problem is solved for sufficiently small data and requires q =n/2, n ≥ 3, to estimate the nonlinearity.
Time Reversal for Gap Diffusions with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions
Authors: Weber Matthias
Published: June 2010

We consider the infinitesimal generator of the time reversal of a time‐homogeneous one‐dimensional gap diffusion with state space [0, 1] given by the infinitesimal generator Ao = dDs+ ‐ dk / dm with nonlocal boundary conditions of Feller‐Wentzell‐type. This leads to an infinitesimal generator which belongs to a class of generators introduced in the earlier note [W1].
Dynamical Behavior of Two‐Soliton Solution Exhibited by Perturbed Sine‐Gordon Equation
Authors: Cheng Chongqing
Published: June 2010

We use perturbation methods based on inverse scattering transform to study the dynamical behavior of the kink‐antikink solitons exhibited by a driven‐damped sine‐Gordon equation with infinite boundary condition. It is shown that such solitons may be forced by damping and external forces to remain in a finite region instead of approaching infinity.
On the Indefinite Trigonometric Moment Problem of I. S. Iohvidov and M. G. Kreîn
Authors: Constantinescu Tiberiu , Gheondea Aurelian
Published: June 2010

An indefinite trigonometric moment problem is solved using the one‐step completion and the geometry involved in extending factorizations in Kreîn spaces. In addition, a description of all the solutions is obtained as well as a simple characterization of the case when there exists exactly one solution of the problem.