bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Care: The Actual Intelligence Required for Artificial Intelligence to Advance Health Care and Improve Health (Preprint)
Authors: Liaw Winston R , Westfall John M , Williamson Tyler S , Jabbarpour Yalda , Bazemore Andrew
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

With conversational agents triaging symptoms, cameras aiding diagnoses, and remote sensors monitoring vital signs, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) outside of hospitals has the potential to improve health, according to a recently released report from the National Academy of Medicine. Despite this promise, the success of AI is not guaranteed, and stakeholders need to be involved with its development to ensure that the resulting tools can be easily used by clinicians, protect patient privacy, and enhance the value of the care delivered. A crucial stakeholder group missing from the conversation is primary care. As the nation’s largest delivery platform, primary care will have a powerful impact on whether AI is adopted and subsequently exacerbates health disparities. To leverage these benefits, primary care needs to serve as a medical home for AI, broaden its teams and training, and build on government initiatives and funding.
cadena de valor de la hoja de maíz (Totomoxtle) en el Valle de Puebla, México
Authors: Alvarado Teyssier Rafael , Escobedo Garrido José Sergio , Aceves Ruiz Ernesto , Morales Jiménez Juan , Mora Pérez Mauricio
Published: February 2021

Del maíz, los productores aprovechan el grano y el rastrojo, pero pocos extraen y agregan valor a las brácteas que cubren a la mazorca llamadas totomoxtle. De ellos, 70% obtienen pérdidas con el grano, el resto logra una reducida rentabilidad. El desaprovechamiento del totomoxtle y el desconocimiento de su Cadena Productiva y de Valor (CPV), impide mejorar la rentabilidad global del cultivo. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar la CPV del totomoxtle, determinar los márgenes de comercialización y reconocer actividades de mejora para incrementar la rentabilidad del cultivo. Se realizaron 133 entrevistas a productores, comercializadores y consumidores, con ello se elaboró el mapa de la CPV, se calcularon los márgenes de comercialización y se estimó la aportación del totomoxtle a la rentabilidad del cultivo. La CPV es una cadena corta por el número de participantes, integrada por el productor-intermediario-detallista-consumidor intermedio-consumidor final. Los márgenes absoluto y relativo obtenidos por hoja son: $1.01 pesos, equivalente a 83.5% de su precio final, apropiado por los agentes comercializadores por realizar actividades de selección, acopio, transformación y distribución durante el año; el 16.5% restante corresponde a la retribución del trabajo del productor. Con la aportación neta del totomoxtle de $0.03/hoja, y el volumen que se obtiene, la rentabilidad cambia de 1.20 a 1.23.
Calidad agronómica del agua residual tratada utilizada en la producción agrícola en Atlixco, Puebla.
Authors: Olvera Bautista Ivet , Ocampo Fletes Ignacio , Tornero Campante Mario Alberto , Silva Gómez Sonia Emilia , González Flores Eduardo
Published: February 2021

En la ciudad de Atlixco, Puebla, se genera agua residual municipal que se vierte al río Nexapa. Para tratar el agua se instaló una planta tratadora de aguas residuales (PTAR), sin embargo, esta agua se vierte al río Cantarranas para regar cultivos de Santa Ana Coatepec, Huaquechula. El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad del agua tratada y valorar su uso en la agricultura. Se tomaron muestras en tres puntos: el influente y el efluente de la planta tratadora y en la compuerta. Se muestreó durante la temporada de lluvias y la estación seca. Los procedimientos se basaron en la Norma Oficial Mexicana. Los resultados muestran que en el influente los valores de CE son altos y los índices de SP, SE, PSP y Cl-1 y la relación RAS y CE clasifican al agua como condicionada. En el efluente los índices de CE, SE, SP, PSP, Cl-1 y RAS y CE, también la clasifican como condicionada. El punto la compuerta, presentó valores altos de CE, y los índices de PSP, Cl-1 y RAS y CE condicionan el uso del agua. Los puntos muestreados presentan baja sodicidad pero riesgos de salinización. Se concluye que la calidad del agua resultó condicionada para el riego agrícola.
Evolución y caracterización de la producción de granos básicos en México, 1980-2016
Authors: Delgadillo Ruiz Olivia , Leos Rodríguez Juan Antonio
Published: February 2021

La política agrícola en México ha experimentado cambios que produjeron modificaciones en el sistema de producción. El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar la evolución de la producción de granos básicos (maíz, frijol, trigo y arroz), y caracterizarla según el tipo de crecimiento: intensivo, extensivo o una combinación de ambos. Las series de tiempo empleadas fueron registros de superficie cosechada, rendimiento y volumen de producción obtenidas de la base de datos de SAGARPA-SIAP. Se utilizó el método propuesto por Venezian y Gamble (1969) que explica el crecimiento de la producción por rendimientos, superficie cosechada y la interacción entre ambas variables. Los resultados mostraron que la producción de maíz, frijol y trigo evolucionó por la vía intensiva, es decir, los rendimientos se incrementaron a través del tiempo; mientras que la producción de arroz descendió debido principalmente a una disminución de su superficie cosechada. Esta caracterización orienta sobre el comportamiento de la producción; sin embargo, es necesario interpretar las numerosas causas que pueden explicarlo. La determinación de las causas de las modificaciones en la producción agrícola permitirá reforzar la capacidad productiva, mediante la aplicación de un sistema integrado de prácticas de producción, uso eficiente de insumos, tecnologías y políticas públicas, a fin de que en el mediano y largo plazo se satisfagan las necesidades de la población sin comprometer los recursos naturales, la calidad del medio ambiente y lograr la seguridad alimentaria.
DISKURSUS SURAT AL-FATIHAH (Telaah Dalam Perspektif Maqashid)
Authors: Munawaroh Lathifah
Published: February 2021

This paper is the exposition of tafsir in the frame of maqashid al-Shariah. Generally the discussion of maqashid al-shariah is about the purpose of sharia law, either general purpose or special purpose on the laws that God has set. But then the discussion maqashid al-Shariah shifted on the study of the Qur'an called maqashid al-Qur'an. If the Maqashid al-Shari'ah is more focused on the purpose of establishing Islamic law, while the verses of the Qur'an do not all contain Islamic laws. However, it is precisely on the scope of maqashid al-qur'an beyond the legal issues that are only a small part of the Qur'an. From here the scholars' come with the study of maqashid al-Qur'an pioneered by Abu Hamid al-Ghazli through his book, Jawahir al-Qur'an, and forwarded by Islamic thinkers such as Abduh, Rashid Rida, Badiuzzaman Said Nursi, Ibn Asyur , Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Izzat Darwazah, and so forth. The main points of the Qur'an are called maqashid al-Qur'an. The focus of maqashid al-Qur'an in this paper is surah al-Fatihah which is called Ummul Kitab or Ummul Quran. This surah is the key of a Muslim prayer of 17 rakaat for 5 times a day overnight. If one understands the maqashid al-quran on this surah, then this will make him understand the purposes of God in this surah.
JARINGAN INTELEKTUAL ULAMA RIAU: Melacak Silsilah Keilmuan Syaikh 'Abdurrahman Ya'qub
Authors: Syu'aib Kholil , M. Nuh Zulkifli
Published: February 2021

This paper wants to present research results about the intellectual network of Shaykh 'Abdurrahman Ya'qub (1912-1970 AD./1330-1389 AH.), as a scholar who took part in the early half of the 20th century in the Indragiri region of Riau. This research uses historical approach method and content analysis technique to the existing written data. This research found that the credibility of Shaykh 'Abdurrahman Ya'qub as a scholar is inseparable from his involvement in the scholars network. It turned out that Shaykh 'Abdurrahman Ya'qub had inherited knowledge from the great scholars, among others Shaykh Sa'id Yamani (1265-1352 AH.), Shaykh Muhammad' Ali al-Maliki (1287-1368 AH.), Shaykh 'Umar Hamdan (1292-1368 AH.), Shaykh Hasan bin Muhammad al-Masysyath (1317-1399 AH.), and Shaykh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani (1335-1410 AH.). No one doubts the credibility of their scholarity, which has had such an enormous influence on the Islamic world of its time even today. Thus, due to his involvement in the network of such great scholars, it is undoubtedly the credibility of 'Abdurrahman Ya'qub as scholars, thereby increasing the treasures of scholar in Riau in particular, and in the archipelago generally.
ANALISIS TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM KESENIAN RAPAI GELENG
Authors: Srimulyani Eka , Istiqamatunnisak Istiqamatunnisak
Published: February 2021

Tari Rapai Geleng adalah salah satu tari tradisional dalam masyarakat Aceh yang cukup popular di kalangan masrakat Aceh pesisir. Sebagai sebuah karya seni dari masyarakat yang sangat dekat dan lekat dengan nilai-nilai keislaman, tari Rapai Geleng juga memiliki dimensi keterpengaruhan dengan nilai-nilai keislaman yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Hal ini terefleksi dalam koreografi, pementasan, dan paling dominan dalam syair-syair yang dinyanyikan mengiringi gerak tari tersebut. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali sejarah dan dimensi yang dipengaruhi oleh ajaran Islam melalui kajian kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan para pelaku seni tari rapai geleng itu sendiri. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari aspek sejarahnya saja, rapai geleng ditengarai berasal dari tradisi dalail khairat yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Muslim di berbagai belahan dunia. Sisi lainnya, dari syair yang dinyayikan mengiringi gerak tari, juga sarat dengan pesan-pesan yang diinspirasi dari nilai-nilai agama, dalam bentuk nasehat terkait aspek ketauhidan, ibadah, semangat untuk menuntut ilmu, dan anjuran pada nilai-nilai kebaikan.
Pengembangan Sistem Pendidikan Islam dalam Konteks Pelaksanaan Syari'at Islam di Aceh
Authors: Budiman M. Nasir
Published: February 2021

In their history, Muslim people proved themselves to have reached the highest degree of development in the word. Yet, this is not the case anymore. Muslim people all over the world, including the Acehnese, are in backwardness in many aspects of life, such as in science, technology, economy, politics, and education. Islamic education is seen to play its significant role in solving the problem, especially in Aceh region, where Islamic shari’ah is officially being applied. In this case, there are four new paradigms to be developed in Islamic education, there are al-tahwid, al’dl, al-hurriyyah, and al-mas’uliyyah. It is hoped that these paradigms are capable of solving both the Acehnese and the Muslim problems all over the world.
Jender dalam Pandangan Islam
Authors: Amiruddin M. Hasbi
Published: February 2021

Different in their nature, men and women are not treated unequally in Islam. Several writings that suggest the limited nature of women's activities constitute the outcomes of certain environments. History shows us that in many Moslem world women enjoy their involvement in various undertakings under the umbrella of Islam.
Perceraian (Kajian Sosiologis terhadap Kasus-kasus pada Pengadilan Agama Banda Aceh)
Authors: Azis Mukhlis
Published: February 2021

Divorce, which is a lawful (halal) but detested (makruh) act in Islam, is a common phenomenon in society. Usually, it is the husband who takes initiative to the case, not the other way around. Yet, with the recently growing number of divorce cases, the percentage of divorce initiated by the wife has significantly increased. This phenomenon is no doubt an urgent topic to be studied.
Falsafat dan Tasawuf sebuah Misteri Peradaban (Dialog Pertemuan antara Pemikiran dan Perasaan, Problema Ibn Tufail dan Ibn 'Arabi)
Authors: Wijaya T. Safir Iskandar
Published: February 2021

In history, the development of Islamic thought includes of a variety of topics that were adopted later by both philosophers and Sufis. Indeed, the polemics frequently led to the murder of certain school leaders and its followers, such as in the case of Sufi leaders: Abu Mansur al Hallaj and Sharwardi al-maqtul. This is in contrast with Muslim philosophers, who still survived in spite of the fact that their thoughts were totally in opposite to theological tenets of society. Therefore, the question arise as to the relation between falsafah and tasawwuf. For this purpose, the idea of falsafah and tasawwuf of ‘Ibn Tufail and ‘Ibn ‘Arabi is worth studying. This study shows that both thinkers tried to combine these two subjects in achieving the truth; that is in spite of the fact that both falsafah and tasawwuf employed two different approaches in reaching the truth, the former through reason, while the later through define guidance.
Al-Manhaj al-Nabawi fī al-Ta’āmul Ma’a Ghayr al-Muslim The Prophet's approach in dealing with non-Muslims
Authors: Tazaza Islam Hasan
Published: February 2021

The problem of dealing with different parties' affairs is one of the most critical problems that the state and government are trying to solve. Religious and intellectual differences are one of the most important reasons for the emergence of conflicts in society. Factual conditions show how the state experiences war conflicts between people of different religions and ideas. With its fair statutory provisions, Islam has provided the right solution to overcome the manifestations of conflict and disputes between Muslims and those of different religions and beliefs. Using an analytical method based on gathering information related to the topic, followed by an interpretation, criticism, and analysis, this study clarifies the concept of non-Muslims in Islam, its parts, and the differences between these parts, including the essential aspect of which is the Prophet Muhammad's guidance in dealing with non-Muslims. The research found that the difference for non-Muslims is a set of rights over Muslims, the state, and the people. When non-Muslims exercise these rights, they are entitled to full protection and security for themselves, their property, and their children. They also have the freedom to worship and believe according to their religion. In this context, the Islamic State and Muslims must guarantee this freedom to them.
ISLAM DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI UMAT
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: February 2021

Pengembangan ekonomi umat merupakan persoalan besar yang dihadapi umat dewasa ini, dan sesungguhnya pemecahannya hanya dapat dilakukan oleh umat Islam itu sendiri dengan cara kembali kepada aturan-aturan Allah, di antaranya dengan: menanamkan sifat wirausaha bagi setiap individu umat, membangun kemitraan/ jejering yang kuat dengan berbagai pihak terutama dengan sesama muslim, membuat kebijakan-kebijakan yang lebih memihak kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi umat, dengan cara mensupport secara moril maupun materil yang bersumber dari dana zakat, menjalankan transaksi dan perilaku ekonomi sesuai dengan aturan-aturan dalan ajaran Islam.
ISLAM RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Murtadha Murtadha
Published: February 2021

Islam adalah agama para nabi dan rasul seluruhnya, dari semenjak Adam a.s hingga Muhammad saw, yang diturunkan Al-Qur'an kepadanya sebagai tuntunan umat manusia untuk menggapai kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat. Beliau diutuskan ke dunia sebagai rahmat untuk seluruh alam dan memperbaiki akhlak manusia. Islam sebagai addien lil'alamin melalui sumber utamanya Al-Qur'an dan Al-Hadits sangat besar menaruh perhatian terhadap lingkungan, sehingga Islam menyetarakan pemeliharaan lingkungan sama halnya dengan menjaga agama, jiwa, keturunan, akal dan harta.
TEKNOLOGI DALAM AL-QUR'AN
Authors: Mutia Mutia
Published: February 2021

Al-Qur'an mempunyai kandungan yang universal dan komprehensif. Al-Qur'an merupakan pedoman hidup yang mengantarkan manusia untuk memperoleh suatu titik terang kebenaran. Gambaran-gambaran yang dimuat Al-Qur'an merupakan motivasi agar kita terus dapat menggalinya.Dari keumuman ayat Al-Qur’an itu menuntut kita untuk mempelajari apa yang telah digambarkan Allah untuk menambah tebal keyakinan manusia bahwa al-Qur'an memang suatu kitab petunjuk yang akan selalu kontekstual dan relevan pada setiap zaman. Tidak seorangpun dapat menyangkal bahwa di dalam Al-Qur’an tidak hanya diletakkan dasar-dasar peraturan hidup manusia dalam hubungannya dengan Tuhan sang pencipta, dalam interaksinya sesama manusia, dan dalam tindakannya terhadap alam di sekitarnya, tetapi juga dinyatakan untuk apa manusia diciptakan. Di dalam Al-Qur’an disebutkan juga garis besar tentang kejadian alam semesta, tentang penciptaan makhluk hidup, termasuk manusia didorong hasrat ingin tahunya, dipacu akalnya untuk menyelidiki segala apa yang ada di sekelilingnya
SENI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Wildan Raina
Published: February 2021

Islam melalui sumbernya utama Al-Qur’an sangat menghargai seni. Al-Qur’an menuntun manusia mengenal Allah mengajak untuk memandang keseluruhan jagad raya yang diciptakan-Nya dengan serasi dan indah. Menikmati keindahan jagad raya ini, kita bisa membuktikan bahwa Allah sangat mencintai keindahan, menciptakan alam raya ini dengan indah tanpa kurang apapun. Ini lah bukti kebesaran Allah yang patut kita rasakan dan kita nikmati. Seni yang islami adalah seni yang menggambarkan wujud dengan bahasa yang indah serta sesuai dengan fitrah. Seni Islam adalah ekspresi tentang keindahan wujud dari sisi pandangan Islam tentang alam, hidup dan manusia yang mengantar menuju pertemuan sempurna antara kebenaran dan keindahan. Keindahan adalah salah satu sebab tumbuh dan kokohnya keimanan, sehingga keindahan itu menjadi sarana mencapai kebahagiaan dalam kehidupan.
ABORTUS DAN MENSTRUAL REGULATION
Authors: Saiful Saiful
Published: February 2021

Henomenons about abortus and menstrual regulation during the time, especially in Indonesian have been cultured. Likely society assumes the abortus and this menstrual regulation as habit problem which needn't be disputed. Is it right? How also rule of law of concerning practice about abortus and menstrual regulation according to Islam view as well as KUHP (Criminal Code) in Indonesian. Likely, the problem do not only concerning just doctor problem, but ecause the practice of abortus and this menstrual regulation is instructed to criminal action, hence require to be straightened by opening some opinion of fiqh expert.
PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA (Analisis Historis tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam)
Authors: Mulia Muji
Published: February 2021

KHI merupakan hasil ijtihad ulama Indonesia yang selaras dengan konteks sosiologis, antropologis dan budaya yang berkembang dalam masyarakat.KHI dapat dikatakan sebagai fiqih mazhab Indonesia. Karena elemen-elemen yang mengkonstruksi hukum Islam dalam KHI mulai dari inisiatif, proses penelitian, hingga penyimpulan akhir dari pilihan-pilihan hukumnya semuanya dilakukan oleh suatu tim yang dibentuk oleh Negara dan beranggotakan hampir seluruhnya orang-orang Negara. Latar belakang pembentukan, logika hukum yang digunakan hingga pola redaksi yang diterapkan juga sebagaimana lazimnya digunakan oleh hukum positif yang diakui oleh negara. KHI juga mencerminkan politik akomodasi politik orde Baru terhadap kekuatan Islam, setelah sekian lama Islam dimarginalkan pemerintah.KHI pada tingkat tertentu merupakan fiqih yang dapat mewakili karakter dan ciri keindonesiaan, dan merupakan puncak pemikiran fiqih di Indonesia. Ia dapat dikatakan salah satu hasil pembaharuan hukum Islam yang telah mampu mewarnai langkah pembaharuan hukum Islam di Indonesia.
PERAN IMAM MESJID DALAM PENERAPAN SYARI'AT ISLAM DI NAD
Authors: Muhibbuthabry Muhibbuthabry
Published: February 2021

Umat Islam di Aceh committed dalam menjaga aspirasi mereka untuk mempraktikkan syari’at Islam Kaffah, tidak hanya dalam kehidupan individu, tetapi juga dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, meskipun terdapat variasi ide tentang mekanisme operasionalnya, memerlukan tenaga, perhatian, pemikiran dan inovasi baru yang terencana sistematis dan operasional dalam kerangka hukum nasional. Terealisasinya cita-cita ideal ini dapat diwujudkan dengan mengoptimalkan peran dan fungsi Imam Mesjid dalam penegakkan hukum Islam khususnya, serta sosialisasi materi hukumnya kepada masyarakat secara luas. Usaha dan langkah ini akan mempercepat upaya menampilkan syari’at Islam, kelihatan bentuknya sebagai pedoman dari langit, untuk mengatur setiap makhluk bumi.
PSIKOLOGI DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Safrina Safrina
Published: February 2021

Islam adalah agama yang ajarannya komprehensif memperhatikan seluruh sendi kehidupan manusia baik fisik maupun psikologis dan segala aspek sosial dalam kehidupan. Psikologi Islam merupakan wahana yang sangat efektif untuk memperkenalkan pengkajian psikologi dari dimensi yang berbeda, seperti teori-teori barat selama ini. Mereka sangat dangkal dimensi spritual yang seharusnya bersatu dalam dimensi psikologi dalam segala sktifitasnya. Psikologi Islam seyogyanya menjadi ladang yang sangat subur bagi Psikolog Muslim untuk menghadirkan perspektif baru dalam kancah psikologi, serta diharapkan membawa angin segar yang dapat menyejukkan hati dan jiwa manusia yang membaca setiap tulisan yang diluncurkan karena, kajian tersebut memuat dua dimensi sekaligus yaitu dimensi jiwa dan dimensi spritual.
KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE NUSANTARA DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BUDAYA ILMU
Authors: Abd. Rahman Mohd. Muhiden
Published: February 2021

Islam bukan sahaja dilihat sebagai agama penggerak kepada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, tetapi juga sebagai penzamanan dan pembentukan budaya sesebuah masyarakat. Tulisan ini akan menyelusuri sejarah kedatangan Islam ke Nusantara dan pengaruhnya terhadap budaya Melayu terutamanya dari aspekbuaday keilmuan.
El Estigma heredado: el caso de los niños que nacen en prisión.
Authors: Hernández Armas Carlos Armas
Published: February 2021

En esta investigación concluida, se estudiaron las interacciones sociales de los niños que nacen y viven en prisión, en compañía de sus madres recluidas, bajo el enfoque del interaccionismo simbólico y la teoría del estigma; el objetivo general fue analizar los procesos sociales que viven los niños que permanecen hasta los 5 años de edad al interior del Centro de Readaptación Social de Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México, bajo el supuesto de que el estigma es heredado e institucional, y deriva en reacciones comportamentales consecuenciales. La investigación fue cualitativa, utilizando herramientas metodológicas del interaccionismo simbólico y la teoría fundamentada; el muestreo fue teórico; el escenario fue el CERESO de Pachuca, Hgo.; como instrumentos las entrevistas a profundidad y la observación participante; fueron 31 informantes; el análisis de la información fue categorial, utilizando el software Atlas.ti, y posteriormente, análisis y correlaciones con el cuerpo teórico. En esta presentación se exponen los resultados concernientes a una categoría psicológica: la carrera moral, la cual consiste en la interiorización del estigma a partir de las predisposiciones generadas por el entorno. Se utilizan las categorías de chivo expiatorio y la autoprofecía cumplida para analizar los efectos que tiene el estigma criminalizante en el futuro de los niños.
Transformação das Forças Armadas da Colômbia no pós-conflito armado: mudanças no emprego doméstico e na atuação internacional
Authors: Dos Santos Filho João Estevam , Carreño Alexander Arciniegas
Published: February 2021

Com o enfraquecimento estratégico das guerrilhas e o início dos diálogos de paz entre as FARC e o governo nacional, iniciou-se uma situação de pós-conflito armado, que tem sido acompanhada de uma transformação das Forças Armadas colombianas. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar esse processo iniciado em 2011 com o objetivo de identificar o novo papel que lhes tem sido delegado no contexto de pós-conflito que começou a assinatura dos Acordos de Paz de Havana em 2016. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que esse processo tem, por um lado, consolidado as Forças Militares colombianas como instituição voltada para o cumprimento de tarefas subsidiárias e, por outro, contribuído para uma renovação da dependência militar em relação aos Estados Unidos, ainda que sobre bases diferentes daquelas observadas durante a vigência do Plano Colômbia. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em análise de dados coletados em bases internacionais, análise de documentos do governo colombiano e revisão de literatura sobre transformação militar. Conquanto esse processo envolva as três Forças Armadas (Exército, Marinha e Força Aérea), a primeira tem sido a mais impactada e, portanto, um maior foco da análise recairá sobre ela.
Safety and diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound-guided lymph node biopsy in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis
Authors: Barker Michael , Günther Annette , Wurps Henrik , Gebhardt Andreas , Schönfeld Nicolas , Polsfuss Silke , Bauer Torsten
Published: February 2021

Referring to a literature review published recently in this Journal, we
report a single-center case series of 45 children and adolescents (age
2-17 years) with suspected tuberculosis (TB) and negative microscopy on
repeated sputum or gastric aspirate samples. All subjects underwent
flexible airway endoscopy including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and
endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration
(EBUS-TBNA) without adverse events. Among 41 subjects with a final TB
diagnosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by PCR and/or culture
in 20 (49% bacteriological confirmation) with 11 cases relying
exclusively on results from TBNA samples. Only 7 of 17 positive culture
results related to sputum (17% confirmation rate), and 9 of 17 on the
combination of sputum and BAL (22%) respectively. The sampling site of
a person’s first positive culture was TBNA in 13 of 17 cases (76%).
Bacteriological confirmation was essential for diagnostic accuracy and
tailored treatment based on individual drug susceptibility testing. We
therefore recommend the inclusion of bronchoscopy and EBUS-TBNA in a
comprehensive diagnostic protocol for smear-negative pediatric TB
suspects.
An early-morning flowering trait enhances heat-resilience at flowering
Authors: Ishimaru Tsutomu , Thandar Hlaing , Oo Ye , Lwin Tin , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Lumanglas Patrick , Simon Eliza-Vie , Myint Tin , Hairmansis Aris , Susanto Untung , Ayyenar Bharathi , Muthurajan Raveendran , Hirabayashi Hideyuki , Fukuta Yoshimichi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , matsui tsutomu , Yoshimoto Mayumi , Htun Than
Published: February 2021

An early-morning flowering (EMF) trait is supposed to be effective in
enhancing grain yield due to mitigation of heat-induced spikelet
sterility at flowering in rice. This study evaluated (i) phenotypic
differences between a near-isogenic line carrying a QTL for EMF trait,
designated as IR64+qEMF3, and a recurrent parent, IR64, under wide
variation in climates and (ii) whether an EMF trait can enhance grain
yield under heat stress at flowering. IR64+qEMF3 had significant earlier
flower opening time (FOT) in diverse environmental conditions including
temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. Under normal temperatures
at flowering, IR64+qEMF3 had similar grain yield to IR64 with some
significant changes in agronomic traits and yield components. Field
trials in heat-vulnerable regions of central Myanmar for seven crop
seasons showed that higher percentage of filled grains contributed to
the significantly higher grain yield in IR64+qEMF3 among yield
components when plants were exposed to daily maximum air temperatures
around 36.5 oC or higher. Lower spikelet sterility in IR64+qEMF3 was
attributed to the earlier FOT during cooler early morning hours. This is
the first field study that clearly demonstrates the enhancement of
heat-resilience due to EMF trait at flowering.
Ventricular Arrhythmia Burden and Relationship to Interdialytic Period in Dialysis Patients with Cardiac Devices
Authors: Harmon Evan , Heard Brittney , Ratcliffe Sarah , Smolkin Mark , Mangrum J Michael , Mazimba Sula , Bowman Brendan , Mehta Nishaki
Published: February 2021

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major driver of mortality in
patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD). The
degree to which ventricular arrhythmias (VA) play a role in SCD in ESRD
patients is unclear. Objective: Use cardiac implantable electronic
devices (CIEDs) to clarify VA burden in ESRD patients overall and in
relation to interdialytic cycle. Methods: We identified 44 patients at a
single academic center with CIEDs, 22 on HD, along with 22 age- and
sex-matched controls. Device interrogations from 11/13/14 – 4/8/19 were
reviewed. Results: Overall, there were no differences in HD patients and
controls in adjusted overall event rate (HD 9.81 x 10-5 ± 1.5 x 10-3
events/patient-hours vs control 3.71 x 10-5 ± 9.1 x 10-4
events/patient-hours, p = 0.902), or proportion of patients experiencing
VA event (HD 45.4% vs control 63.6%, p = 0.226). There was no
difference in ventricular pacing burden. Controls were more likely to
require device therapy for VT/VF episodes (total ATP episodes 2/38 in HD
vs 10/22 in controls, p < 0.01, total ICD shocks 10/38 in HD
vs 17/22 in controls, p < 0.01). HD patients were most likely
to experience VA within 12-hours of HD completion (p < 0.01),
and the vast majority of events were NSVT. Conclusion: VA and
ventricular pacing burden was similar by CIED analysis between groups.
In HD patients, VA were likely to occur within the first 12 hours
post-dialysis, were primarily NSVT, and were unlikely to require device
therapy.
Cutaneous chemotherapy-induced radiation recall reaction
Authors: McKay Michael J. , McKay Jeremy , Dumbrava Monica , McKay Thomas
Published: February 2021

An 80 year old man with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer
was treated with multiple systemic agents but after
carboplatin/paclitaxel, developed a morbilliform rash conforming
precisely to a skin site of previous palliative radiotherapy, a
so-called radiation recall reaction.
Concurrent incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Roosta Yousef , Behzadi Farhad , Raeisi Mortaza , Hosseiniazar Mohammadreza Mohammad , Sedokani Amin
Published: February 2021

Although both esophageal and gastric cancers are highly prevalent, the
prevalence of both esophageal and gastric cancers simultaneously is very
rare overall. Herein, we present a case of simultaneous occurrence of
two cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric
adenocarcinoma.
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems and XBRL Reporting Quality
Authors: Guo Feng , Luo Xin , Wheeler Patrick R. , Yang Liu , Zhao Xinlei , Zhang Yiyang
Published: February 2021

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are indispensable for a majority of larger and midsize firms, and have changed the way accounting information is collected, stored, processed, and disseminated. Although most ERP systems integrate an eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) component in their core modules, little research has examined how ERP systems affect the quality of XBRL filings. Using unique data from branch-level ERP implementation, we find that the degree of ERP adoption among a firm's branches is negatively associated with the firm's XBRL filing errors and positively associated with XBRL reporting comparability, which in turn facilitates external users' access to the firm's XBRL filings in the SEC's EDGAR. These results suggest that ERP systems improve XBRL reporting quality. Moreover, our results indicate that ERP can mitigate the negative effect of extension taxonomies on XBRL reporting quality, which highlights the importance of the ERP system in a complicated XBRL reporting environment.
Stock Price Management and Share Issuance: Evidence from Equity Warrants
Authors: Barth Mary E. , Gee Kurt H. , Israeli Doron , Kasznik Ron
Published: February 2021

We investigate whether firms manage stock prices in anticipation of share issuance. Warrant exercise results in share issuance and warrant expiration dates are fixed years in advance, which precludes market timing. We predict firms manage stock prices to prevent (induce) warrant exercise when exercise is dilutive (anti-dilutive) to existing shareholders. To test our prediction, we examine stock returns around warrant expiration dates. We find that the difference between out-of-the-money (OTM) and in-the-money (ITM) firms' return patterns (i.e., post-expiration minus pre-expiration returns) is positive, and OTM (ITM) firms' return pattern is positive (negative). Return patterns of three sets of pseudo warrant firms differ from patterns of warrant firms. Return patterns are stronger when more feasible price changes are required to affect warrant expiration status, and firm-issued news items is a mechanism for price management. Thus, our findings provide evidence that firms engage in stock price management in anticipation of share issuance.

JEL Classifications: G14; G15; G32; M41.
Correlation of spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages with a hand-wrist skeletal maturity index: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Alhazmi Anwar , Aldossary Mohammed , Palomo J. Martin , Hans Mark , Latimer Bruce , Simpson Scott
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To examine the correlation between spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages and the hand-wrist skeletal maturity index.

Materials and Methods

Digital records of 164 individuals (77 males, 87 females) aged 10 to 18 years old were examined. Three-dimensional CBCT scans and hand-wrist two-dimensional radiographs were scored for the spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages and hand-wrist skeletal maturity index, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed for associations using R software with a significance threshold of P< .01.

Results

A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages and hand-wrist skeletal maturity in both sexes. The Kendall's rank correlation τ between hand-wrist skeletal maturity index and spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion percentage were high and positive in males and females (r = .74 and r = .71, respectively).

Conclusions

The significant, positive relationship between the hand-wrist skeletal maturity index and spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages support the idea of using spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion as a biological indicator for craniofacial and mandibular growth spurt prediction.
Performansi Mesin Pendingin Tipe Chiller untuk Cold Storage dan Indoor Menggunakan Ethylene Glycol Coolant
Authors: Aziz Azridjal , Syahputra Hendrik , Mainil Rahman Putra , Kurniawan Afdhal
Published: February 2021

AbstractRefrigeration device is used to reduce the temperature of the room or cooled material by absorbing heatfrom the room/material. The most refrigeration device operated by using the vapor compression refrigerationcycle. This research was done experimentally using refrigeration device chiller type to cool the ethylene glycolcoolant in the refrigeration box (evaporator unit), and ethylene glycol coolant is used to absorb heat in coldstorage and indoor (test room). The results show for the circulation of ethylene glycol coolant to the coldstorage COP value is 2.80, while the circulation of ethylene glycol coolant to the indoor COP value is 5.12. Onthe testing of ethylene glycol coolant was circulated to the indoor with 1000 Watt cooling load, the COP value is5.19, and for circulated to the cold storage and indoor simultaneously COP is of 3.66. The performance ofchiller refrigeration device is influenced by the cooling load, the greater of cooling load that would affect thework of the compressor so that the pressure in compressor increase and the energy consumption to operate thecompressor also increasing too.Keywords: refrigeration, heat, COP, PF, cooling load.
Optimisasi Ketebalan Dinding Model Atap Menara Siger Pada Proses Injection Molding
Authors: Burhanuddin Yanuar , Harun Suryadiwansa , Pukesa Lapri Aries
Published: February 2021

Produk berbahan baku plastik semakin banyak dijumpai, mulai dari peralatan rumah, komponen elektronik hingga otomotif. Hal ini dikarenakan beberapa kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh plastik seperti ringan dan tahan karat, lebih murah dibandingkan dengan produk logam atau kayu serta proses pengerjaannya relatif mudah. Proses pembentukan produk plastik yang palingg umum digunakan adalah injection molding. Penggunaan plastik yang semakin mendominasi penggunaan material menuntut suatu usaha untuk mengurangi waktu dan biaya produksi, salah satu caranya yaitu dengan memanfaatkan program simulasi sebelum dilaksanakan di lantai produksi. Dengan simulasi pemoderan dapat diketahui ketebalan optimal suatu produk, sehingga produk yang dihasilkan memiliki ketebalan seminimal mungkin dengan kualitas yang dapat diterima. Penelitian ini akan mensimulasikan variasi ketebalan dinding terhadap waktu pengisian, suhu aliran depan, waktu pendinginan, cacat garis dan udara terperangkap. Variasi ketebalan yang dipilih yaitu 1 mm, 1,5 mm, 2 mm, 2,5 mm, 3 mm, 3,5 mm dan 4 mm. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa ketebalan optimal model adalah sebesar 2 mm, dimana pada ketebalan ini memiliki waktu pengisian 2,753 detik, suhu aliran depan 230,3oC, dan waktu pendinginan 25,8 detik. Cetakan (mold) mulai dapat terisi cairan plastik secara penuh mulai pada ketebalan 2 mm. Semua variasi ketebalan mengalami cacat produk yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan bertambah ketebalan model. Kata kunci: Plastic Injection molding, ketebalan dinding, waktu pengisian, suhu aliran depan, waktu pendinginan, cacat garis, udara terperangkap
Effect of a Pipe Number on The Heat Transfer Rate for a Granite Stone Absorber Solar Collector
Authors: Mirmanto M. , Wirawan M. , Saputra B.H.
Published: February 2021

Sebagaimana energi fosil telah mulai berkurang, maka sangat penting untuk memanfaatkan energi alternatif seperti energi surya. Suatu peralatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menangkap dan mengubah energi surya adalah kolektor surya. Dua kolektor surya identik digunakan dalam penelitian ini ditempatkan menghadap ke Utara dengan sudut kemiringan 15 °. Dimensi kolektor adalah 0,8 m x 1 m x 0,05 m. Salah satu kolektor yang terdiri dari 5 pipa paralel dan lainnya yang terdiri dari  7 pipa paralel. Air yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini  mengalir secara alami karena gaya gravitasi dari tangki yang lebih tinggi dan diatur  dengan katup dipasang pada sisi keluaran kolektor. Laju aliran air yang digunakan adalah 200, 250 dan 300 cc / menit dan diukur dengan menggunakan gelas ukur  dan stop watch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa energi yang masuk ke kolektor, energi yang diserap oleh absorber dan air, naik dengan meningkatnya  waktu observasi dan mencapai nilai puncak pada sekitar pukul 02:30 Wita. Setelah itu, menurun. Pengaruh jumlah pipa adalah tidak signifikan.  Kata kunci: kolektor surya, absorber batu granit, performa kolektor
Hubungan Corporate Social Responsibility dengan Earnings Quality pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2016-2019
Authors: Lestari Priscillia Puspita , Feliana Yie Ke
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Earnings is one of some important things that company stakeholders pay attention to in making decisions related to the company. Therefore, the quality of earnings reported by companies need to be ensured that it accurately reflects tha real conditions of the company. Besides earnings, stakeholders also pay attention to corporate social responsibility activities that has been done by company as the implementation of triple bottom line concept. This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings quality reported by firms. CSR is measured by using the CSRD Index based on 91 GRI criteria, while earnings quality is proxied by accrual earnings management and measured by calculating the discretionary accruals. The research object in this study is all entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2016-2019. After selecting companies based on predetermined sample criteria, the totals of sample numbers in this study is 191 companies in 2016-2019. The result of this study prove that there is no significant relationship between CSR and earnings quality.

Keywords: corporate social responsibility, earnings quality, earnings management
Associação entre Síndrome de Sjogren e complicações oftalmológicas a partir da avaliação de estudos conforme protocolo STROBE
Authors: Da Silveira Renan Monteiro , Carvalheiro Felipe Monteiro , Moraes Thales José Moura , De Araújo Ana Clara Monteiro , Andriolo Brenda Nazaré Gomes
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer as taxas de associação entre Sindrome de Sjogren (SS) e suas complicações oculares. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais, em qualquer idioma, que avaliaram a associação entre SS e complicações oftalmológicas, submetidos desde a criação da base de dados até julho de 2020. Os artigos do PubMed que associaram estas temáticas foram classificados com base nos critérios do protocolo Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), um conjunto de recomendações para melhorar a qualidade dos relatórios de estudos observacionais, em adequado, inadequado e insuficiente. Resultados: A secura ocular foi o sintoma do olho seco com maior associação com SS (98.4%). Outros mais raramente associadas foram uveítes, inflamação orbital, esclerite, vasculite retiniana e neuromielite óptica. Quanto aos critérios STROBE, os tópicos se enquadraram majoritariamente na categoria “Adequado”. Em relação a inadequação, o tópico “Resultados” apresentou maior percentual (16,67%), assim como na classificação “Insuficiente”, juntamente com “Discussão” e “Outras informações” Considerações finais: Há grande heterogeneidade entre os trabalhos analisados. São necessários mais estudos sobre o tema, realizados de maneira padronizada entre as diferentes amostras, para que possa ser feita uma comparação mais fidedigna entre estas.
Monitoria como espaço de iniciação à docência
Authors: Do Nascimento Jéssica Tâmara , Cardoso Letícia Tereza da Silva , Araújo Linda Concita Nunes , Oliveira Vandreza Valéria do Nascimento , Silva Esvaldo dos Santos , Silva Paulo Jorge Torres Guimarães , Clemente José Weslley Feitoza Santos
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Relacionar a monitoria como espaço de iniciação a docência. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura elaborada a partir da coleta de dados de fontes secundárias e levantamento bibliográfico realizada através das seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). Resultados: Como amostra final foram selecionados 10 artigos a serem utilizados na realização deste estudo. Constatou-se que ao atuar como monitor o aluno cria oportunidades e se destaca no meio acadêmico devido à riqueza dos conhecimentos e experiências adquiridas, a monitoria se configura como importante atividade realizada durante a graduação, além de ser uma forma alternativa de trabalho pedagógico. Considerações finais: Foi notória a falta de estudos publicados a respeito da temática, o que denota a falta de estímulo, vagas, ou interesse dos discentes a programas como a monitoria durante a graduação. Ser monitor permite ao discente enxergar uma área de atuação além da assistência, oferecendo-lhe uma visão holística sobre atuar no âmbito de multiplicador de conhecimento além de introduzi-lo nas formas e métodos didáticos que é de suma importância para a atuação do enfermeiro em diversas áreas.
Plantas medicinales como alternativa terapéutica para el trastorno Depresivo Mayor (DMD)
Authors: De Sousa Thallysson Jose Dourado , De Faria Pedro Henrique Almeida , Dantas Kassyo Lenno Sousa , Pinto Monick Nielly Miranda , Malerba Gabriella de Assis , Freitas Milena Sousa , Da Silva Sheyrlani Tatiany , Mayer Paulo Cesar Morales , Pereira Domingos Magno Santos , Figueiredo Cristiane Santos Silva e Silva
Published: February 2021

Objective: To review the antidepressant activity and mechanisms of action of plants that have antidepressant action. Literature Review: The use of plants for medicinal purposes has been used as an adjunct to the treatment of depression due to easy access by the population, few side effects and lower cost. Based on the studies, the plants St. John's wort, ground turmeric, anona and lavender have antidepressant potential for acting in different ways in depression, either by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin or by modulation in the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Final Considerations: From the studies of the mechanisms of action it was found that the plants studied can modulate the brain signaling pathways responsible for the patient's mood, with the reuptake of serotonin (inhibition of the serotonin transporter protein) the main mechanism of action shared between them. In addition, some of these plants can modulate not only the concentrations of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, but also dopamine. It is worth mentioning that, although these actions have been scientifically proven, much research is still needed to ensure the safe use of these agents as herbal medicines in the alternative or adjunctive treatment of depressive disorders.
Caracterização epidemiológica do câncer do colo uterino, anterior à implantação do calendário vacinal para o HPV no estado do Maranhão
Authors: Nogueira Luana Mendes , Costa Sueli de Souza , Costa Izolda Souza , Lopes Deyvison de Lacerda , Aguiar Daizy Carlota Coelho , E Silva Luís Carlos Machado
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar o perfil epidemiológico do câncer do colo do útero anterior à implantação do calendário vacinal para o HPV no Estado do Maranhão, no período de 2006 a 2014. Métodos: Foram analisados dados epidemiológicos encontrados no SISCOLO/DATASUS, e IBGE, de oito macrorregiões de saúde, com as variáveis: índices sociodemográficos (escolaridade, raça/cor, IDH); indicadores em saúde (número de exames coletados, número de ESF, cobertura vacinal, número de neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais grau III diagnosticados). Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 2825 casos, a maioria nas macrorregiões de São Luís e Presidente Dutra, locais onde há maior média de ESF. Houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o número de diagnósticos desta neoplasia e IDH (r=-0,646; p=0,048); número de equipes da ESF (r=-0,508; p=0,042); número de exames citopatológicos (r=0,567; p=0,005). Conclusão: Há tendência linear de decréscimo de casos nos últimos 9 anos. Da análise de variáveis socioculturais, sete macrorregiões não caracterizaram a escolaridade em mais de 70% dos exames. Há relação estatisticamente negativa e significativa, entre câncer do colo uterino e o IDH (r=-0,646; p=0,048), e entre esta neoplasia e o número de ESF (r=-0,508; p=0,042), e sendo positiva e significativa, entre número de exames citopatológicos e número de neoplasias do colo uterino (r=0,567; p=0,005).
Uma matriz ética nos protocolos de combate à COVID-19 na prática odontológica: revisão narrativa
Authors: Werneck Ricardo Rodrigues , Werneck Talita Cerdeira , Azevedo Maria da Conceição
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Verificar se os protocolos de combate à COVID-19 incluem uma matriz ética subjacente às condutas recomendadas aos profissionais de odontologia na prática clínica. Revisão Bibliográfica: É urgente a implementação de protocolos rigorosos e eficientes no controle de infecções, entretanto são necessárias preocupação e inquietação com a condição do outro, numa atitude de responsabilização ou corresponsabilização com a condição desfavorável em que ele se encontra. A esta responsabilidade entende-se predisposição ao preparo adequado para o oferecimento do que há de melhor a serviço daquele que receberá o cuidado. Assim como cada indivíduo se interroga no seu agir quotidiano sobre a parcela de bem das suas ações, também em cada coletivo profissional a dimensão ética corresponde a se perguntar qual a sua contribuição ao bem comum. Considerações Finais: Foi possível verificar nos protocolos, preocupações éticas dos profissionais, o que, se não podem ser consideradas como reveladoras de uma matriz de concepção ética, certamente já demonstram sinais da competência ética na elaboração de condutas frente ao coronavírus.