bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF WEEDS ON DIVERSITY OF SOIL ARTHROPODS IN Bt COTTON FIELD IN FAISALABAD PAKISTAN
Authors: Munir Iqra , Ghaffar Abdul , Aalam Asad , Khuram Shahzad Muhammad , Jafir Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The present study was conducted to check the impact of weeds on diversity of soil arthropods in Bt cotton field by using RCBD design with four treatments and three replications at Research Area of Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Treatments were consisted of different combination of weeds and control group Total 228 samples were collected and from these samples 14 different taxons of soil arthropods were reported and from these taxons, mites showed high diversity index. Maximum diversity of soil arthropods was recorded (H´=2.07) from itsit + sawanki and minimum diversity of soil arthropods was recorded (H´=1.90) from itsit + chulai. Maximum mean richness of soil arthropods ( S=3.18±0.24) was reported from Itsit+chulai, while minimum mean richness of soil arthropods (S=3±0.23) was reported from Control group. Maximum mean abundance of soil arthropods (14.7±4.11) was reported from Itsit+sawanki while minimum mean abundance of soil arthropods (11.5±2.26) was reported from control group.
EVALUATION OF Psidium guajava LEAVES AND ACETIC ACID AS NATURAL HERBICIDES FOR CONTROLLING SOME WEEDS OF Capsicum annuum CROP
Authors: El-Wakeel Mona Adel
Published: September 2021

Allelopathy and natural products are safe non-chemical modern techniques that applied as alternative to synthetic herbicides for controlling weeds. So, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Psidium guajava leaf powder (PLP) and Acetic acid 5% as a natural product on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum plants and both associated weeds: Phalaris minor (grassy weed) and Malva parviflora (broad-leaved weed). PLP was mixed with in the soil surface at successive rates (15, 30, 45 and 60 g/pot). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates was mixed with the soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid 5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both seasons was recorded by PLP at 60g + Acetic acid 5% as compared to unweeded control. Concerning to C. annuum growth parameters and yield traits, sole application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g/pot and 45 g/pot significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of Capsicum annuum plants.Allelopathy and natural products are safe non-chemical modern techniques that applied as alternative to synthetic herbicides for controlling weeds. So, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Psidium guajava leaf powder (PLP) and Acetic acid 5% as a natural product on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum plants and both associated weeds: Phalaris minor (grassy weed) and Malva parviflora (broad-leaved weed). PLP was mixed with in the soil surface at successive rates (15, 30, 45 and 60 g/pot). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates was mixed with the soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid 5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both seasons was recorded by PLP at 60g + Acetic acid 5% as compared to unweeded control. Concerning to C. annuum growth parameters and yield traits, sole application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g/pot and 45 g/pot significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of Capsicum annuum plants.
EFFECT OF POPULATION DENSITY OF SWEET POTATO ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE-SWEET POTATO INTERCROP FOR WEEDS SUPPRESSION IN SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH NIGERIA
Authors: Takim Felix O
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Maize–sweet potato intercropping often results in weed suppression and increased crop productivity. This study was designed to determine the appropriate planting time and optimal density of sweet potato in a maize-sweet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, June and July) while the sub-plots consisted of 3 maize-sweet potato intercropping populations(maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato, maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 66,666 plants/ha of sweet potato and maize at 53,333 plants/ha +99,999plants/ha of sweet potato), sole maize at 53,333 plants/ha and sole sweet potato at 33,333 plants/ha. The results revealed that, 7 weed species were the most prevalent and there was inconsistent effect of planting date on weed flushes while weed smothering efficiency of intercropping was between 31 to 49 % and 48 to 73% for weed density and weed biomass, respectively. Intercropping resulted in land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.29 to 1.74 while the competitive ability of maize was increased with an increase in sweet potato density. Planting in the month of June had significantly higher tuber yield of 9.56 t/ha of sweet potato and maize grain yield of 3.28 t/ha while intercropping 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato (1 vine of sweet potato planted at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 was relatively similar to sole sweet potato. Therefore, the above intercropping pattern established in the month of June will minimize weed infestation and improve productivity of maize and sweet potato in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.
ETHNOBOTANICAL USES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TEHSIL UTMAN KHEL DISTRICT BAJAUR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Hazrat Ali
Published: September 2021

The ethnobotanical uses of medicinal values of plants by inhabitant community were documented in tehsil Uthman Khel district Bajaur. 76 plant species belonged to 47 families of shrubs, wild herbs, mushrooms, trees and vegetables was recorded as a source of medicinal values. These include 74 plants (96%) of angiosperms, 1 (1%) of gymnosperms, 2 (2%) of fungi and 1 (1%) of pteridophytes. Asteraceae is the dominant family having 5 species follows by Brassicaceae and Moraceae each one is represented by 4 species. Among angiosperms 73 (63.01%) was herbs, 20 (27.39%) were trees and 4 (5.47%) was shrubs. The local community is currently using these plant species along with mushrooms for more than one purpose such as medicinal, wood as timber, food for animal and as a fuel. Key words: Ethnobotanical plants, Teshil Utman Khel, Disrict Bajaur, Pakistan
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF Sonchus asper ROOT EXTRACT FOR IDENTIFICATION OF fungicidal compounds against Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Shoaib Dr. Amna , Javaid Arshad
Published: September 2021

Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, often refractory and with large number of persistent sclerotia, cause a heavy burden on the potato crop, while the current conventional practices against diseases are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. Botanical fungicides have shown enormous antifungal potential against many sclerotial forming phytopathogens. In the present study, methanolic root extract of Sonchus asper was assessed for their anti-fungal activity against R. solani. The methanolic extract was prepared by soaking dried root biomass in methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Antifungal potential of the extract was detected in test tubes filled with broth in triplicate. The results revealed fungal biomass was significantly reduced (52–97%) with increase in concentrations of the extract (1.56–200 mg mL-1). GCMS analysis revealed that benzoic acid derivatives and isotretinoin as important compounds responsible for the antifungal activity. Hence, methanolic root extract might be a potential library for fungicide development against R. solani.
FIRST RECORD ON HOST PLANTS AND TAXONOMICAL DESCRIPTION ON Aptopus opata (ELATERIDAE: CARDIOPHORINAE: CARDIOPHORINI) FROM SINDH PAKISTAN
Authors: Mangi Shabana
Published: September 2021

Aptopus Eschscholtz is a native of the Mexico sonar light trap Huachuca Mountain of south central Arizona. This species has been first time observed from district Khairpur Sindh province of Pakistan from (March 2018 to October 2019), these observation represent first record of this species from Sindh or Pakistan. This description and illustrations are provided for easy identification, they cause significant damage to crops, they are pest species and omnivores feeder, especially on maize crops, potatoes, tomatoes and germinating seeds, weeds and small grasses overall in worldwide, its larva is yellowish to brown in color, from damage use the granules insecticides at planting time will prevent from wireworm, Aptopus opata is a differ from the closely allied species on the basis of genitalial and morphological characteristics body lengthened, dark brown to blackish with densely punctuations, prontal angles lengthened, pointed, scutellum blackish spot like, legs lengthened, aedeagus wider than longer, base broader, lateral lobe parameres slightly bigonal, with have golden hairs, at apex, median lobe parameres, broad at basal, rapidly narrowing apically, hairs like structure view from the ventral aspects.
PROXIMATE, MACRO ELEMENTAL AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SORBARIA TOMENTOSA
Authors: Javed Shabnam , Shoaib Amna , Mehmood Zaid
Published: September 2021

Sorbaria tomentosa (LindI.) of family Rosaceae, is a wild, medicinal, ornamental, large, woody plant locally known as “Karhee or Berre”, native to Pakistan. Proximate composition gives important information to assess the suitability of medicinal flora or their extracts taken orally by the trivial communities. In the current study, different proximate parameters like carbohydrate, ash, protein, moisture content and fat, along with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur were analyzed in whole plant of S. tomentosa. The results revealed the occurrence of considerable proportion of carbohydrates (52%) and protein (23.80%). Moisture, fat and ash contents were found in small content 6.25, 2.02 and 0.20%, respectively. Elemental analysis displayed the greater content of carbon (44.92%) followed by content of hydrogen (6.16%), nitrogen (5.17%) and sulphur (0.43%). GC-MS analysis of n-hexane fraction of S. tomentosa led to identification of five compounds viz., 3, 13-Dimethylpentadecanoic acid (1), 2, 4-Dimethyltetradecanoic acid (2), 2, 4-Heptadecadienoic acid; Etester (3), 2-Butylcyclopropanedodecanoic acid (4) and Heptadecanoic acid; Et ester (5). Toxicity tests, further isolation and identification of active constituents of test weed could confirm the discovery of novel plant drugs and safety in administration.
BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS IN METHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF Ageratum conyzoides
Authors: Ferdosi Malik Fiaz Hussain , Javaid Arshad , Khan Iqra Haider , Ferdosi Muhammad F. A. , Munir Ayesha
Published: September 2021

In order to find out various bioactive compounds in flowers of Ageratum conyzoides, a weed of the family Asteraceae, the dried powdered flowers were extracted in analytical grade methanol and the extract was examined by GC-MS. In total, eight constituents were identified. The predominant compound in the extract was precocene II (59.50%). Three moderately abundant compounds included ethanone, 1-(7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)- (9.77%), precocene I (8.61%) and caryophyllene (7.60%). Three compounds namely (E)-β-famesene (4.23%), β-cubebene (4.19%) and 1-nonadecene (4.07%) were categorized as less abundant. The eighth compounds phytol was the least abundant one with peak are of 1.99%. The literature survey showed that most of the identified compounds possessed various biological properties such as aphid repellant, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory.
The Impact of the Development of Trade Practices on Enforcement of International Environmental Law
Authors: Latif Birkah , Noor Syamsuddin Muhammad , Sumardi Juajir , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: September 2021

The issue of trade and environment is always debatable. Degradation and damaging to the environment surge the countries in making comprehensive and multi-approach planning. This is based on the view that trade should not only count for profit but also carry out calculations and planning for the impacts and conditions when the business is carried out and after completion. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the environment causes trade not to be carried out and to end economic growth and there is a solution to balance the environment and trade as prevention in both fields through environmental protection legal instruments. The first issue showed that trade that used to be a source of income that is the main target of countries, nevertheless, the unwise planning and also corrupt cases has made the trade become the trigger for environmental damage. This condition caused by a lack of awareness in law enforcement and even various corruption issues causing trade to become a threat, especially for the environment. The second issue arises, which is the mechanism in balancing trade and the environment to preserve the environment and encourage the country's economic growth by optimizing the implementation of environmental protection laws. This paper uses normative legal research methods by collecting data derived from the literature, legislation, articles, and cases that occur within countries. The result shows that more states and stakeholder using more technique on achieving a balance of trade and environment protection, with a pro-environment calculation, it is expected that trade will be carried out in parallel with environmental preservation.
The Urgency of Presidential Policy to Revitalize and Maintain the Existence of Cooperatives Based on Pancasila
Authors: Gumbira Seno Wibowo , Handayani I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi , Tedjomurti Kukuh Tejomurti
Published: September 2021

The article aims to examines how the role of the President of the Republic of Indonesia as the head of state as well as the head of government through its policies and legal products. It is because the President has a role in creating a conducive atmosphere in the economic sector especially in revitalizing and maintaining the existence of a Cooperative as Indonesia's economic pillar based on Pancasila to face the wave of the liberal economy in the era of globalization. This situation occurs, perhaps, due to the lack of confidence and understanding of the Pancasila as a social philosophy. This problem can be observed by several phenomena occurring in the community such as the malignant and violent settlement of problems resolution in a social, political, cultural, legal, and religious system. This study applies normative methods with a statute approach. As a result, it can be concluded that a legal product comes from the 1945 Constitution to the Presidential legal products, namely government regulation and presidential instruction will have an implication to the objective and the result whether it is good or bad.
Public Policy Defense and the Arbitrability of Competition Disputes Under the Philippine Arbitration Regime
Authors: Villasis James Gregory Alcaraz
Published: September 2021

The arbitrability of anti-competition disputes in the Philippines remains to be tested. It is since the Philippine Competition Act is relatively at its infancy, and cases are yet to be brought before the courts. This area entails much complexity considering that competition disputes are by nature imbued with public policy concerns, a mandatory exception for arbitration. This paper aims to examine the arbitrability of competition disputes under the Philippine domestic arbitration regime. After conducting an examination of cases and literature both in the Philippines and abroad, the paper argues that the Philippines may consider the US and French positions as to the arbitrability of competition disputes despite the presence of various public policy concerns. The public policy issues should only be taken into consideration when an arbitral award is brought before judicial bodies for recognition and enforcement and should not bar domestic arbitral bodies from taking cognizance of these disputes. It is to accommodate the state policy regarding alternative means of settling disputes such as arbitration in rendering speedy administration of justice. Whenever an award is granted, the same will be subject to court's intervention for recognition with due respect to the public policy concerns. In so doing, arbitration is being promoted without sacrificing the competition law policy of the Philippines.
The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Customary Fines in Settlement of Seclusion Cases in Banda Aceh
Authors: Mansur Teuku Muttaqin , Yunita Yunita , Adli M , Sulaiman Sulaiman
Published: September 2021

Seclusion (khalwat) is the activity conducted in a quiet place between two individuals of different sex who are not mahram (blood relative) without the legitimate marriage bond and the willingness from both parties, which leads to adultery. Fine is one of the customary penalties given to the perpetrators of khalwat. In practice, implemented of fines between one region and another is different. The study aims to identify the types of adat fines charged to khalwat perpetrators and the effectiveness of implementation on the settlement customary fines in Banda Aceh. It used a juridical-empirical research method. The data used, in addition to primary and secondary legal material, also used an in-depth interview with respondents. The data analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. This research conducted in Banda Aceh district. The research results show that the kind of customary fines given to khalwat perpetrators was different. There are even some cases begun to shift, and some considered that being married because of khalwat was considered one of the customary fines. Customary fines are effective in reducing offense of khalwat. However, there are concerns if the decision of the customary fines does not get optimal support from law enforcement officials. Expected, customary official affirmed kind of customary fine given to khalwat perpetrators. The difference subtle, need to consider the aspect of justice, the ability, and effective whereabouts of fines to reduction offense of khalwat.
ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN OIL AND GAS COMPANIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND VIETNAM. PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Khalova Gul’nar O. , Nguyen Phuong Anh ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
Published: September 2021

The article shows the history of the energy cooperation develop- ment between oil and gas companies (OGC) of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) on the continental shelf of Vietnam in the South China Sea. Despite the richest reserves of natural resources and, in particular, hydrocarbons in the territory of Vietnam, slightly less than half of the potential oil reserves and about a third of the potential natural gas reserves have been explored. The desire of the Vietnamese leadership to develop rela- tions in the oil and gas sector with foreign countries has led to the attraction of foreign oil and gas companies to the search, exploration and development of oil and gas fields on the shelf of the SRV in the South China Sea. Russian oil and gas companies are among the key partners in hydrocarbon production. The article shows the spheres of cooperation between Russian and Vietnamese oil and gas companies, its prospects and risks. The authors note that not only Russian oil and gas companies operate in Vietnam, but Vietnamese oil and gas companies have also gained access to Russian fields in the Russian Federation.
INVESTMENTS IN TECHNOLOGICAL LAYOUT. STIMULATION TOOLS
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Economics, Sukharev Oleg S. , Voronchikhina Ekaterina N. ,   Perm State National Research University
Published: September 2021

An issue of the economic growth launching in Russia and carrying out technological renewal of the economy seems to be the central task at the current stage of the country’s economic development. However, the overwhelming majority of theories of economic growth, as well as the classical theory of economic policy, do not give an exact answer as to the technological renewal in the economy and its role when changing the structure of technologies and investments in them. The present study fills that apparent gap, and on the basis of the theory of technological paradigms created by the Russian school of economic thought. The purpose of the study is to structurally analyze the dynamics of investments in fixed assets in the technological structures of the Russian economy with an assessment of the impact on it of certain instruments of macroeconomic policy. On the basis of taxonomic methods of identifying paradigms by types of economic activity, the authors propose a solution to the problem of measuring structures and the investments made in them. The stages in the methodology for the struc- tural analysis and assessment of the economic policy instruments impact- ing through the regression econometric analysis on the target investment function of each of the identified paradigms are formed. The study resulted in obtaining a picture of the distribution of the impact of macroeconomic policy instruments separately for each technological paradigm, according to the selection made. That allows, firstly, to understand the dispersed power of the influence of the economic policy being implemented, and secondly, to see the possibilities of correcting the ongoing structural and investment policy and the use of macroeconomic instruments, as well as institutional changes – individual for each element of the structure – technological paradigm. The prospect of the study is the development of various models based on the selected structure of technological paradigms and investments in them, linking the development of structures and detailing the impact of each of the economic policy instruments.
DIVERSIFICATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY. THE NEED TO ACCELERATE, FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF USING IT
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute “Center”, Burlakov Vyacheslav V. , Golovin Evgenii V. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Dzyurdzya Olesya A. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

Under present-day conditions, the economy diversification is one of the priority challenges facing the state. Solving that task will create an economy based on innovations, which will increase its competitiveness in the world mar- ket and take a significant step in the development of the national economy at the present stage of development. A new innovative economy that actively responds to any market and conjunctural changes can be created on the basis of profound transformations and broad modernization of the existing structure. The article discusses in detail the main reasons for the need to accelerate the diversification of the Russian economy: the finiteness of oil reserves, the world- wide trend of switching to cleaner fuels from the point of view of ecology, depen- dence on the policies of other raw materials exporting countries and the shortfall in income from oil exports caused, among other things, by, coronavirus infection. In addition, it is emphasized that the export of raw materials is characterized by low added value. The authors consider the examples of countries both following the path of the income restructuring and those that have already passed it. They also substantiate the necessity of creating conditions for the development of small business in various sectors, on the basis of which it will be possible to intensify the process of diversification of the Russian economy in order to increase its innovativeness and intensify further progressive development.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONCEPT OF REFORMING THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRY
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, Krasnyanskaya Olga V.
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that Russia remained among the ten leading countries by the share of costs for technological innovations in the total volume of delivered products, the gap in the level of innovation performance remained serious. In terms of the specific weight of technological innovation costs in the total volume of the delivered goods, performed works and rendered services (2,1%), Russia in 2018 ranked 9 th among European countries. In terms of its share of the research and development costs in the total cost of technological innovations (45,2%) – 14th place and in terms of the specific weight of the innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of goods delivered, works performed, services rendered (6,5%) – 24th place out of 30. An analysis of the foreign and Russian experience of the innovation organization showed that in order to multiply the share of innovative industrial products in the total production, it was necessary to create such a system of organization and management of scientific and tech- nological development, which, unlike current practice and by analogy with the key principle of modern concepts of the production organization – the principle of “pulling” – would be able to form a real paid demand for applied R & D and subsequently for basic research. At the same time, in addition to the existing stream of ideas from academic science to production, it is necessary to organize a back-stream of demand – from the factory science, which is at the forefront of understanding the current needs of industry – to the applied one and then to academic science within the range of issues really essential for production.
Afecciones cognitivas motoras en infantes a causa de lactancia materna interrumpida y alimentación complementaria ineficaz.// Cognitive and motor disorders in infants due to interrupted breastfeeding and ineffective complementary feeding.
Authors: Sánchez-Borja Cecilia , Espinoza-Merchán Gabriela Antonella , Eras-Sarango Gonzalo
Published: September 2021

La inclusión de la lactancia materna en nuestra época genera controversia desde varios ámbitos sociales, provocando un abandono de este proceso fisiológico materno. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los factores de riesgo en el desarrollo infantil asociado a la lactancia materna interrumpida y alimentación complementaria ineficaz en niños de 0 a 3 años de edad. Esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativa y descriptiva, la población fue de 25 niños de 0 -3 años de edad del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Tía Marthita en el cantón Pasaje, El Oro, Ecuador, durante el periodo abril – agosto, 2017. Al aplicar los indicadores de desarrollo infantil, toma de peso y talla en 25 niños y en las encuestas dirigidas a padres de familia, se evidencia que el 35% (6 infantes) de sexo masculino de 2 años tienen falencia de desarrollo. Se comprobó que disminuyendo o evitando el aporte nutricional necesario para desarrollo del infante se desencadenan factores de riesgo. Se recomienda la adopción de la lactancia exclusiva a toda madre, la difusión de las propiedades nutricionales y beneficios de la lactancia y la alimentación complementaria.AbstractThe inclusion of breastfeeding in our time generates controversy from various social spheres, causing an abandonment of this maternal physiological process. The objective of this research was to determine the risk factors in infant development associated with interrupted breastfeeding and ineffective complementary feeding in children from 0 to 3 years of age. This research is quantitative and descriptive, the population was 25 children aged 0 -3 years at the Tía Marthita Child Development Center in Pasaje canton, El Oro, Ecuador, during the period April - August, 2017. By applying the indicators of child development, weight and height in 25 children and in the surveys directed to parents, it is evidenced that 35% (6 infants) of male sex of 2 years have developmental deficiency. It was found that reducing or avoiding the nutritional intake necessary for the development of the infant triggers risk factors. It is recommended the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding to all mothers, the dissemination of nutritional properties and benefits of breastfeeding and complementary feeding.
Bone stump formation against the background of post-amputation pain syndrome
Authors: Bezsmertnyi Yurii Oleksiiovych , Shevchuk Viktor Ivanovych , Jiang Yankai , Bezsmertna Halyna Victorіvna , Bezsmertnyi Oleksandr Yuriiovych
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Bone is the basis of the stump.

Aim:
To study the impact of post-amputation pain syndrome on the nature of reparative processes in the bone residual limb.

Material and methods:
Three series of experiments were performed on 45 rabbits, 15 in each with mid-third thigh amputation and muscular plasty. In series 1, 2, a perineural catheter was attached to the sciatic nerve stump during amputation, and mechanical irritation of the nerve was performed daily for 20 minutes in series 1 for 20 days. In series 2, 0.3 mL of lidocaine (1%) was injected through the catheter into the circumference of the nerve twice daily for 20 days. Series 3 is a control. The follow-up periods were 1, 3, 6 months. The study method was histological with infusion of the vessels with ink-gelatin mixture.

Results and discussion:
In series 1, there was a sharp disturbance of the reparative process, which consisted in shape changes, resorption of the cortical diaphyseal plate, fractures, stump deformity, absence of bone closure plate formation, and microcirculatory disturbances. In the overall majority of experiments of series 2, the stumps retained the shape and structure characteristic of diaphysis with normalization of microcirculation. In series 3, the results of the residual limb formation were better than in series1, but worse than in series 2.

Conclusions:
When the pain syndrome is resolved within 20 days after amputation, a bone stump is formed with an organotypic shape and structure characteristic of the diaphysis, the formation of a compact closure plate of mature bone tissue, normalization of the medullary tissues and blood circulation. In post-amputation pain syndrome, organotypic formation of the residual limb does not occur.
Evolución legislativa del delito de cohecho en México
Authors: Espinosa Leal Idalia Patricia
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en mostrar las diferentes transiciones jurídicas del delito de cohecho desde la época precortesiana hasta nuestros días, para identificar qué era lo que se protegía y de qué manera. Asimismo analizar si durante las modificaciones a este delito, los legisladores tomaron alguna idea jurídica de las legislaciones de nuestros antepasados o bien, si hubo influencia de legislaciones extranjeras y en qué época. Partiremos desde la revisión de usos y costumbres registradas en las leyes de Nezahulcóyotl, revisando diversas épocas hasta nuestro sistema jurídico penal vigente. Lo más relevante de este análisis es que el castigo fue reduciéndose de manera significativa, originalmente como pena máxima, los aztecas: aplicaban la muerte, en el Código Penal de 1871: inhabiltación en el servicio público, en el Código penal de 1929: inhabilitación en el servicio público por 20 años, en el Código de 1931: prisión por 5 años, en adelante continúan reformas al Código de 1931 porque es el Código que actualmente nos rige, entonces como pena máxima por cometer delito de cohecho en la reforma del 5 de enero de 1983: Inhabilitación por 14 años, en la reforma del 18 de julio del 2016: prisión por 14 años.
Aportaciones a la metodología para la investigación ministerial eficaz del delito de homicidio
Authors: González Vázquez Diana Rocío , Caballero Delgadillo Juan Antonio
Published: September 2021

La efectiva y exitosa investigación del delito de homicidio a cargo del Agente del Ministerio Público está ligada al conocimiento de los factores que inciden en sus procesos, la metodología empleada y los instrumentos internacionales que la sustentan. Estos aspectos son relevantes por el impacto que representan en la percepción del nivel de seguridad ciudadana. En el presente trabajo se darán a conocer las principales teorías sobre los factores que inciden en la resolución de homicidios, la metodología y los instrumentos internacionales aplicables, más significativos
Estructura formal (sintáctica) de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Alanís García José Rogelio
Published: September 2021

Este artículo pretende exponer, describir y proponer sucintamente una estructura formal o sintáctica de los derechos fundamentales, que aquí se tratan como sinónimos de los derechos humanos. Para hacerlo, se considera un punto de vista semiótico y de teoría de sistemas sociales. Se considera que los derechos son funciones de tercer orden compuestas por tres funciones: la del titular, la del objeto y una tercera, llamada relacional. Entre las primeras dos funciones y la tercera existe una relación diferencial, la cual se conceptualiza conforme a la lógica de Spencer Brown y Luhmann.
Estrada Michel, Rafael, Obedezco pero no cumplo: Lecturas para los programas de Iushistoria constitucional en México, Ciudad de México, Tirant lo Blanch, 2020, 541 pp, ISBN 978-84-1355-449-5
Authors: Pineda Acevedo Humberto
Published: September 2021

Este libro escrito por el Doctor don Rafael Estrada Michel se está convirtiendo en parte fundamental de la materia de Historia del Derecho en México o la que antiguamente se conocía como Historia del Derecho Patrio en los programas de Licenciatura en Derecho de nuestro país.

Después de Cádiz nos trasladamos al Congreso de Anáhuac, el cual muestra el constitucionalismo revolucionario, y precisamente aún más revolucionario que Cádiz, en donde José María Morelos y Pavón – mediante vía epistolar – le mencionó a Ignacio López Rayón que removiera la máscara de la monarquía a la Nueva España en sus Elementos Constitucionales. Por un lado, el dilema codificatorio significó el resumen, la subsunción y la interpretación de la ley desde la perspectiva exclusiva de la voluntad del legislador – la volonté législative – como lo pretendía la modernidad del siglo XIX y parte del siglo XX. La experiencia codificatoria francesa apartó a la judicatura, a causa de la revolución que provocó la caída de la aristocracia y el surgimiento de la burguesía
Factores que influyen en la sostenibilidad de las PyMES del sector restaurantero del municipio de Monterrey
Authors: Torres Torres Evelin Anahí , López-Lira Arjona Alfonso
Published: September 2021

El cierre permanente de las PyMES (Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas) es un tema relevante para la economía mexicana puesto que las PyMES representan el 58% del PIB (Producto Interno Bruto) del país, entonces es importante identificar los factores que influyen en las PyMES para mantener una sostenibilidad empresarial y evitar que continúen cerrando. Por tal motivo, la investigación a realizar se enfoca en la propuesta teórica de los factores que permiten incrementar la sostenibilidad de las PyMES y con ello aumentar o mantener la rentabilidad logrando la permanecía y evitando así el cierre permanente de estas empresas. Los objetivos del presente artículo son presentar las generalidades de las PyMES y sustentar teóricamente los factores propuestos para lograr una sostenibilidad PyME en las empresas de Monterrey y se propone como factores el control de riesgos, el uso de las TIC´´´s (Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación), la capacidad adaptativa, la calidad en el servicio y la gestión del conocimiento. Una vez sustentados los factores anteriores se pretende realizar un cuestionario con escala Likert para medir la correlación entre las variables independientes y dependiente.
Covid-19 re-opening measures in the full-service restaurant industry: the impact in the word-of-mouth intention
Authors: Reich López Christian , Teran Cazares María Mayela , López Pérez Jesus Fabián
Published: September 2021

One of the most affected industries due to COVID-19 has been full-service restaurants since several governments worldwide decided to close them temporarily as a measure to stop spreading the virus. As the re-opening happens, the priority on the factors for these restaurants’ customers to recommend others or Word-of-Mouth (WOM) seems to have changed, especially if analyzed according to demographics groups. This article shows empirical evidence of what factors in full-service restaurants influence a client’s word-of-mouth intentions before and during COVID-19, aiming the relevance of trust (TST) to be superior to other factors, such as the quality of the food (QF) itself.
Moral Sexual missionária de Paulo
Authors: Martin Leonard M.
Published: September 2021

Uma teologia moral “mais alimentada pela doutrina da Sagrada Escritura” (O.T. 16) foi um dos sonhos do Concílio Vaticano II, uma teologia capaz de evidenciar “a sublimidade da vocação dos fiéis em Cristo e sua obrigação de produzir frutos na caridade, para a vida do mundo”: uma teologia que ligasse, de uma maneira eficaz, a fé e a vida. Esta pequena reflexão sobre alguns aspectos do sexo e do matrimônio nas primeiras cartas paulinas propõe contribuir para a realização deste sonho no contexto brasileiro de hoje, um contexto missionário onde grandes segmentos da população não são atingidos, a não ser muito superficialmente, pela proclamação explícita do Evangelho, onde a miséria econômica esmaga a dignidade e a esperança de muitos e onde a própria Igreja está passando por uma fase de criatividade e, ao mesmo tempo, de receio diante desta criatividade, de coragem e de inquietações, de mudanças e reações. O desafio é como transformar a Palavra de Deus que se encontra na Bíblia numa luz que, longe de nos cegar pelo seu brilho, nos mostre o caminho...
Saddle Block for Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 0.375% Ropivacaine
Authors: Bamigboye JO , Olateju SO , Faponle AF , Salako AA
Published: September 2021

Background: Prostate biopsy is a painful procedure, and the degree of pain is related to the number of core biopsies taken.

Objective: To compare the analgesic properties of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.25% with 0.375% ropivacaine for saddle block in transrectal prostate biopsy.

Methods: This was a randomised double-blinded study. Eighty patients with indications for prostate biopsy presenting at the Day-Case Theatre in a Nigerian tertiary facility were randomised into two equal groups: B (Bupivacaine) and R (Ropivacaine). Group B received 1ml of 0.25% bupivacaine, while Group R received 1ml of 0.375% ropivacaine for saddle block, respectively. Pain assessment, home readiness, patients' satisfaction, and time to first analgesic request were assessed and compared between the two groups.

Results: The Bupivacaine group had an earlier onset of sensory block (11.90±4.10 minutes vs 23.70±8.65 minutes, p = 0.000), slower sensory block regression (48.73±9.32 minutes vs 24.88±4.21 minutes, p = 0.000), but delayed home readiness (47.23±15.93 minutes vs 29.88±8.58 minutes, p = 0.000), than patients in the Ropivacaine group. The pain scores during, immediately after and 30 minutes post-biopsy were lower in the Bupivacaine group: p = 0.010, p = 0.028 and p = 0.023 respectively. The time to first analgesic request was also longer in the Bupivacaine group (48.73±9.33 minutes) than for those in the Ropivacaine group (24.88±4.21 minutes) with statistical significance (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Intraoperative analgesic properties were better in the Bupivacaine group than in the Ropivacaine group. However, home readiness was earlier in the Ropivacaine group.
A Study of the Grading of English Language Scripts of Technical University Students in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Edward
Published: September 2021

This paper assesses how English language texts of Technical University (TU) students in Ghana are graded. In their quest for their certificates, Higher National Diploma (HND) students are required to write Communication Skills I and II papers in the first year. Nonetheless, most HND students do not normally perform well in these two courses. The objectives of the paper were, therefore, to find out the type of errors TU students make; and the influence that Direct Corrective Feedback (DCF) has on their texts. The paper was grounded in Noticing Hypothesis theoretical framework. The design of the research was sequential exploratory mixed method (Note 1). The participants for the study were selected from four technical universities – Ho, Koforidua, Kumasi, and Sunyani Technical Universities. From each of the technical universities, 20 participants were randomly selected. Therefore, the sample size, in terms of the participants, was 80. However, 240 raw data were collected. That is each of the 80 participants composed one letter at the pre-test stage. After grading their scripts with DCF technique, the participants were, again, asked to compose another letter at the post-test stage. Also, the participants were made to fill questionnaire item each. SPSS and BLAF were used in analyzing the questionnaire items and the scripts respectively (Note 2). The findings of the study showed that DCF treats written errors effectively. The study, therefore, recommends that assessments of letter-based tasks of TU students should be made up of both pre- and post-test items, and DCF should be used in assessing HND students’ letter or essay-based scripts.
Glossophobia: The Fear of Public Speaking in ESL Students in Ghana
Authors: Dansieh Solomon Ali , Owusu Edward , Seidu Gordon Abudu
Published: September 2021

Glossophobia, an individual’s anxiety of public speaking, has been observed to be a common phenomenon among students. The present study explores factors associated with glossophobia among ESL students of a tertiary institution in Upper-West Ghana, the Dr. Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa and makes recommendations for improvement in their public speaking skills. The study combined both quantitative and qualitative research approaches in an opinion poll involving 46 participants from the Level 300 class of the Secretaryship and Management Studies of the Business School. Participants acknowledged the importance of public speaking, but conceded that at some point in their student lives, when they had to speak in public, glossophobia prevented them from making a good impression on the audience. Speaking English before a crowd was identified as the most dreaded experience. Low self-confidence in speaking in public; lack of constant speaking experience and lack of knowledge in public speaking; fear of making mistakes and being laughed at; inadequate preparation and timidity were also identified as challenges affecting participants’ ability to speak English in public. To help students overcome that phobia, the study recommends that lecturers should adopt an interactive approach combined with the appropriate communication strategies to promote positive attitudes and create the desirable atmosphere for boosting students’ confidence. Lecturers should also organise seminars on public speaking skills and encourage regular individual oral presentation in class so students can practise to develop positive attitudes towards public speaking.
Penguasaan Tanah Pantai dan Wilayah Pesisir di Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra
Published: September 2021

The beach is the junction between the highest tide and the mainland, while the coastal area is the transition between terrestrial and marine ecosystems that is affected by changes in land and sea. The utilization of coastal areas and small islands in Indonesia is regulated in Act Number 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands that is last amended into Act Number 1 of 2014, and is also based on Basic Act on Agrarian. Utilization of coastal waters is given in the form of rights to enterprise the coastal waters, namely the rights on certain parts of the coastal waters to enterprise marine resources and fisheries, as other business related to the utilization of coastal resources and the small islands covering sea level and water column over surface of the sea floor at a certain breadth limit. The coastal land in the coastal areas can essentially be owned by or be the right of a person or legal entity. Owning and authorizing the coastal land and utilizing the coastal areas should certainly pay attention to and be compatible with the spatial planning of regencies or cities.
Karakteristik Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak dalam Perjanjian Berbasis Syariah
Authors: Muhammad Sjaiful
Published: September 2021

Sharia-based contract is an agreement that is derived from the nomenclature of Islamic law. It is definitely designed as the agreement that shall refer to norms based on legal sources of Islam, i.e. the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. This paper discusses the main issue as follows: the dynamics of developments and characteristic principle of freedom of contract in Sharia-Based Agreement". The research refers to the legal writing i.e. normatively legal research which the issue is conceptually approached. Through this approach, the author wants to explore and formulate the concept of freedom of contract principle in Sharia-based agreements, both in terms of its growth and characteristics. The result of the research shows that characteristics of the principle of freedom of contract in Sharia-Based Agreement contain the basic paradigm based on a philosophical view of divinity and apocalyptic. The meaning is that the principle of sharia-based agreement is not established on absolute freedom of contract, but on the freedom that does not violate Islamic values. Therefore, the principle of freedom of contract in the Sharia-based agreement functionates to ensure the engagement of the parties in obeying the agreement, because in the Islamic perspective, the freedom of contract as a form of agreement among parties to enter into a contract fundamentally becomes the principle for the parties to obey or comply the contract.
Disparitas Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia (Analisis Kritis Kasus Nenek Minah dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif)
Authors: Murdoko
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the law enforcement in public domain. The court decisions on many cases often undergo disparities that deny the sense of justice. The disparities increasingly appear when the case comes to people who have political or economic power. However, when the case comes to the poor, who do not have power and so on, the law can be very sharp to enforce. In perspective of the progressive law, the case of Nenek Minah is ideally not relevant to prosecute at the court. In fact, that case shows that the working of the law in Indonesia is still based on the text rather than the context. The law enforcement is solely based on the written provisions (legalistic-positivistic) without paying attention to sociological dimension, so that the law enforcement is still far away from the purpose of law that is able to present the real justice.