bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAX MORALE AS PERCEIVED BY ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Lopo Martinez Antonio , Pereira Ivan Rafael Fassarela
Published: June 2022

Objective: This study evaluates firms' taxpayer morale or the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes and comply with tax rules through the perception of their accounting professionals, specifically whether there is an influence from i) penalties, ii) tax audit probability, iii) rewards, and iv) tax amnesties. The focus on accountants' perceptions of their clients' tax morale is more reliable than the taxpayers themselves because they are more likely to report accurate perceptions.
Method: Tax morale was measured through a self-applied questionnaire applied between accountants' professionals that provide their tax services to firms, disclosing their higher or lower accountants' perception on tax morale of their clients, concerning the four incentives analyzed, captured from 344 Brazilian accountants.
Results and Discussion: The research findings indicate that applying punishments and penalties is the most potent instrument for raising tax compliance, along with the perceived likelihood of an audit. In contrast, tax amnesty programs' successive applications may erode tax morale.
Contributions: This research deepens the understanding of what legislators and tax administration can do or not do to encourage more excellent tax morale. Dealing with tax morale is an important issue, as crucial as reforming the entire tax system. Preserving tax morale is relevant to motivate the taxpayer to pay his fair share of taxes, contribute to financing public services, and provide relief to those who may need government assistance.
Enhancing Hard Skill and Soft Skill Learning by Implementing the MBKM Program
Authors: Jainah Zainab Ompu , Riza Muhammad , Muhida Riza , Prastyo Yanuar Dwi , Seftiniara Intan Nurina
Published: June 2022

Education has developed very rapidly marked by the increase in the quality of education and world knowledge. The Indonesian government is trying to improve the quality of education by issuing a policy of Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM). This study aims to describe the model for strengthening the role of lecturers and students to improve hard skills and soft skills through MBKM at Bandar Lampung University. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection using observation and documentation techniques. The results showed that the presence of the MBKM activity was a grant of freedom to educational institutions to choose the system of authority needed to create independence from the bureaucracy. With this, it can improve students' hard skills and soft skills: 1) improving soft skills that are more able to appear to interact with communication both verbally and visually effectively based on context, 2) improve soft skills through the competence of the best graduates with integrity and work ethic good and able to adapt to the environment, 3) can analyze the turmoil that occurs in the world of work so that soft skills and hard skills can be further improved, 4) can create innovative and creative works, 5) improve skills in the fields occupied to produce a work competent.
Peran Pendidikan Islam dalam Resolusi Konflik Sosial dan Moral di Indonesia
Authors: Fathurrohman Rizal
Published: June 2022

In Indonesia, there are still many Islamic educational institutions that do not emphasize intercultural education. This makes social conflicts even more difficult to resolve because they are considered part of a religious vocation. From this background, this study aims to examine the role of Islamic education in the resolution of social and moral conflicts in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method, and the tool used is a literature study. The findings of this study indicate that Islamic education responds to social and moral conflicts in Indonesia as a development of diverse (multicultural) ideals so that there are no social and moral disputes regarding traditions in all sectors of Indonesian society. So it is necessary to revitalize the process of transforming the value of Islamic education by prioritizing the elements of 1) rational and functional understanding of religion and 2) the need for an attitude of pluralism that is fostered thru intellectual and humanistic Islamic education. Thus, Islamic education can be a valuable tool in the process of social interaction if it is based on universal religious principles.
Implementation of Internship Program as A Form of MBKM Learning Activities in Improving Students' Competency
Authors: Farida Ida , Ardiansyah M. , Juwita Masayu Nila , Rinova Dora , Soewito Soewito
Published: June 2022

In this era of rapid change, students are expected to be able to prepare themselves and continue to hone their abilities. Universities are also required to provide innovative learning processes so that they can help students develop optimal and relevant attitudes, knowledge, and skills. This study aims to describe: 1) Preparation for internships. 2) Implementation of the internship. 3) Evaluation of the Independent Learning Internship Program-Free Campus Public Administration Study Program, University of Bandar Lampung. 4) Reveal how the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka or commonly called the MBKM internship program improves student competence. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and documentation.  The data analysis method uses interactive analysis by means of data reduction-data presentation & data verification. The results of this study are: 1) Preparation for internships in the Administration study program is carried out well, students have carried out registration procedures according to the provisions, DPL (field supervisor) also provides debriefing for students before being deployed to partner locations. 2) The implementation of the internship program for students is in accordance with the guidelines for the Independent Learning Independent Campus internship guidebook. 3) Stakeholders (partners) and DPL provide a joint evaluation at the end of the program. 4) Implementation of the MBKM internship program strengthen student competencies.
Peran Pemimpin dalam Kebijakan Pembelajaran Selama Krisis COVID-19
Authors: Fauzi M. Risky , Matofiani Reni
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has had an impact on many areas of life, including education. This study aims to determine the role of leaders in learning policies in the COVID-19 crisis at SMAIT Al-Fityan School Gowa, South Sulawesi. This study uses a qualitative method. While the data collection using the method. The results showed that the stages of crisis management at SMAIT Al-Fityan School Gowa during the COVID-19 pandemic went through the following stages: crisis management planning included providing health education literacy by placing posters on how to wash hands properly in school corners; provide sink facilities for school residents to wash their hands before eating; and organize sports together for all school staff of Al-Fityan School every Wednesday. Then the management phase during the crisis includes the process of preventing and handling COVID-19 and policies to support the learning process. At the management stage after the crisis with the renewal of learning media and evaluation of learning outcomes.
Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dalam Pendekatan Living Values Education
Authors: Sentosa Sedya , Mubarok Zais
Published: June 2022

Curriculum development occurs because of the behavioral and cultural phenomena of students in any learning activity or daily life in their environment. That a country will collapse if entrepreneurship education is not based on a basis that is not well designed in curriculum regulations in educational units. This problem needs to be learned from historical curriculum changes so that the curriculum derivative policies that are made are truly adjusted based on the needs of students. The purpose of this research is to analyze the historical approach in curriculum development in terms of entrepreneurship education. The research uses the type of library research. The results of the study seen from changes in the curriculum based on entrepreneurship education are very important in terms of literature sources that a nation will be better educated from entrepreneurship education. The PAI curriculum is the center of entrepreneurship education for students and curriculum policies in the elaboration of the learning process include entrepreneurship education for students.
Contenção, estabilidade e recidiva na Ortodontia “A mudança vai acontecer de uma forma ou de outra”
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: June 2022

Você já deve ter escutado aquela famosa frase: a estabilidade é determinada quando o paciente para de usar as contenções! A estabilidade do tratamento ortodôntico representa um dos maiores desafios para o ortodontista. Por isso, muitos arguem que as contenções devem ser usadas para sempre, pelo resto da vida! Pois é, manter a estabilidade do resultado do tratamento ortodôntico em longo prazo é uma missão mesmo, para não dizer uma afronta à natureza. Claro que precisamos primeiro definir de que tipo de recidiva estamos falando: dentária, esquelética, cirúrgica? Recidiva do apinhamento, da Classe II, da Classe III, da mordida cruzada, da mordida aberta, da mordida profunda? E por aí vai.
Correção de Classe II com alinhadores: como otimizar o tratamento com e sem uso de mini-implantes de ancoragem
Authors: Thiesen Guilherme
Published: June 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A distalização sequencial por meio do sistema de alinhadores ortodônticos Invisalign® apresenta uma grande efetividade clínica, quando bem indicada. Entretanto, muitas vezes a correção de más oclusões de Classe II mais graves ou com características particulares requer o uso de dispositivos auxiliares, que potencializam ou propiciam a correção sagital adequada. OBJETIVO: Sendo assim, o intuito do presente artigo é relatar métodos auxiliares para maximizar o protocolo de distalização sequencial na maxila com Invisalign®, quer seja com o uso de recursos empregando elásticos intermaxilares, ou com diferentes meios de ancoragem esquelética.
Effect of Adding Combustion Air on Emission in a Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine with Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel Compressed Natural Gas Fuels
Authors: Yuvenda Dori , Sudarmanta Bambang , Wahjudi Arif , Hirowati Rozy Aini
Published: June 2022

A diesel dual-fuel engine uses two fuels designed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Generally, the specific fuel consumption of diesel dual-fuel engines has increased.  However, in   combination with alternative fuels, namely compressed natural gas injected through air intake, the use of diesel fuel can be reduced. However, using two fuels in a diesel dual-fuel engine increases the equivalent ratio; therefore, the air and fuel mixture becomes richer because the air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke is partially replaced by compressed natural gas. This results in incomplete combustion and increases exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This study aims to improve the combustion process in dual-fuel diesel engines by improving the air-fuel ratio; thus, it can approach the stoichiometric mixture by adding combustion air forcibly to produce complete combustion to reduce CO and HC emissions. An experimental approach using a single-cylinder diesel engine modified into a diesel dual-fuel engine powered by crude palm oil biodiesel and compressed natural gas was adopted. The combustion air was forcibly added to the cylinder using an electric supercharger at different air mass flow rates ranging from 0.007074 to 0.007836 kg/s and different engine loads (1000 to 4000 watts). The results indicated that adding more air to the cylinder could produce complete combustion, reducing the emission levels produced by a diesel dual-fuel engine. An air mass flow rate of 0.007836 kg/s can reduce CO, HC, and particulate matter emissions by averages of 60.55%, 49.63%, and 86.87%, respectively, from the standard diesel dual-fuel engine. Increasing in the amount of oxygen concentration improves the quality of the air-fuel ratio, which results in improved combustion and thereby reducing emissions.
Role of Communication in the Process of a Better Awareness of Environmental and Health Risks Related to the Use of Pesticides in Off-Season Vegetable Crops in Burkina Faso: Case of the Boulmiougou Dam in Arrondissement N°6, Urban Commune from Ouagadougou
Authors: COMPAORE Jérôme
Published: June 2022

The cultivation of off-season crops is encouraged in Burkina Faso as part of its development policy and also to address the food shortage experienced by the country due to its Sahelian location with capricious rainy seasons. Thus, this activity has been intensified around water reservoirs and marshy areas to overcome this food shortage. However, market gardeners are faced with damage caused by pests, which forces them to make extensive use of pesticides. The present study consisted of a process of communication for behavioral change, to offer modern tools (coaching, awareness) for the benefit of market gardeners in the commune of Boulmiougou. This approach is part of a dynamic to familiarize them with good knowledge of pesticides in their diversity, and especially their use in the required scientific standards and in the preservation of our living environment.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Teamwork Skills in Public Schools Principals
Authors: Fakhrou Abbulnaser A. , Moarbes Laba , Rjeily Christelle Abou , Essa Mohammed
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to identify the level of emotional intelligence and its impact on the cooperative work skills of public school principals, as well as examining the levels of their cooperative work skills practices. And its relationship to gender variables, and administrative experience.

     The study sample consisted of 53 public school principals, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted in data collection, analysis and interpretation.

     The results showed that school principals had moderate levels of emotional intelligence, with a decrease in the abilities of emotional awareness, assertiveness and public relations. The study also revealed an average level of cooperative work skills practice, with low levels of empowerment skills practice.

There are no statistically significant differences in the average emotional intelligence and the level of practice of cooperative work skills for the school principal due to the variables of gender and administrative experience. While there were statistically significant differences in the ability to adapt due to the gender variable for school principals. The results showed differences in the areas: the ability to withstand stress, control emotions, conflict resolution skills, communication and meeting management, attributed to the variable of administrative experience in favor of more experienced school principals.

The study confirmed the existence of a positive and moderate correlation between emotional intelligence and collaborative work skills.
Polarimetric techniques for the structural studies and diagnosis of brain
Authors: Rodríguez-Núñez Omar , Novikova Tatiana
Published: June 2022

The polarimetric techniques are used in various biomedical applications for a non-contact and fast diagnosis of tissue that is known as optical biopsy approach. These optical modalities provide relevant information on micro-architecture of biological tissue and its alterations induced by different diseases, thus, helping in staging and precise delineation of the pathology zones. In this review, we summarize the work of different research groups on using polarized light for brain tissue studies. This includes the investigations of polarimetric properties of brain tissue (both scattering and optical anisotropy) for brain connectome reconstruction, the visualization of in-plane brain fiber tracts for brain tumor contrast enhancement during neurosurgery, and the histopathology analysis for disease staging in Alzheimer’s subjects. We discuss also further perspectives for the pre-clinical studies of brain with polarized light.
The Nietzschean Premise of Eliot’s Historical Sense
Authors: Brlek Tomislav
Published: June 2022

No critical concept has been more readily associated with the critical writings of T. S. Eliot than tradition, yet the reception of his views in this regard is one of misprision. The paper demonstrates that Eliot’s equally misunderstood notion of historical sense is compatible with, even derives from, Nietzsche’s understanding of the term, as both authors reject the substantialist idea of tradition in favour of the functional one. Since the latter rules out both an eternal essence of the object and a timeless point of view of the observer, the consequences of this genealogy, as a rule neglected or simply ignored by Eliot’s critics, for his concept of tradition in particular, and history in general, are of decisive import.
Applications of photonic crystal fibers in optical communication
Authors: Kiroriwal Monika , Singal Poonam
Published: June 2022

Photonic crystal fiber is a category of optical fibers, getting great attention by its promise to offer a range of optical characteristics that are not achievable in conventional optical fibers. Engineered dispersion and nonlinear characteristics of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) make it an attractive candidate for nonlinear optics and advanced optical networking in the all-optical domain. An optical network consists of different optical components such as laser sources, amplifiers, regenerators, and convertors for proper signal transmission over long distances. In recent years, the performance of the components has been improving by employing the appealing properties of PCF. The PCF’s application on such components is discussed, and the simulated results on gain amplification, regeneration, conversion, fiber laser are reviewed. These developments reveal that the enhanced performance provided by PCF makes it suitable for different optics applications.
Ecolinguistics for and beyond the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Chau Meng Huat , Zhu Chenghao , Jacobs George M. , Delante Nimrod Lawson , Asmi Alfian , Ng Serena , John Sharon Santhia , Guo Qingli , Shunmugam Krishnavanie
Published: June 2022

This article considers potential impacts the study of language, including ecolinguistics, can have on important real-world issues, and how linguists and others can involve themselves in addressing these issues for a sustainable future. The article is divided into two parts. The first part provides an illustrative study in which computer tools were utilized to investigate media reporting. The study examined the relative coverage of issues of basic human needs (food, clean water, and sanitation), which are part of the focus of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, in four major newspapers from Malaysia, Singapore, the UK and the US. Data were collected between November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic was in its early days in terms of worldwide attention. During that time period, the pandemic received far more coverage in those newspapers than did the other issues, even though basic human needs greatly outweighed the COVID-19 pandemic as to deaths and other forms of suffering at the time of data collection, not to mention the toll on human life in the many years before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Reasons for this severe discrepancy were explored with insights from professionals working in the media and related sectors. The skewed distribution of media coverage, we argue, reflects a crisis of responsibility and values. The second part of the article serves to highlight how those of us in language studies can make a contribution to the wider discussion about, among other important concerns, the role and responsibility of media in shaping the public’s views and actions on issues that are at the heart of sustainable development, and how we can be more socially engaged. We conclude by arguing that ecolinguists have much to contribute to the sustainability of the world, which ultimately requires a respect for the entire ecological community.
Flexibility and evolution of cue weighting after a tonal split: an experimental field study on Tamang
Authors: Gao Jiayin , Mazaudon Martine
Published: June 2022

We conducted a perception experiment in the field to examine the synchronic consequences of a tonal split in Risiangku Tamang (Tibeto-Burman). Proto-Tamang was a two-tone language with three series of plosives and two series of continuants. The merger of its continuants provoked a split of the original two tones into four, two high and two low, which combine pitch and phonation features. The quasi-merger of the voiced and voiceless plosives left sporadic remnants of initial plosive voicing in low tone syllables. A previous production study has shown that speakers use pitch and phonation features concomitantly to distinguish high from low tones, while producing initial plosive voicing only marginally with low tones. The present perception study establishes the preeminence of the pitch cue, but also confirms the effective use of the two older cues in tone identification. An apparent-time analysis shows the phonation cue to be less used by younger speakers, in keeping with the historical evolution. The use of the residual voicing of plosives, instead of decreasing with younger speakers, is shown to increase. This result could be explained by an increased contact of the young generation with Nepali, a toneless Indo-Aryan language with a four-way initial plosive contrast.
Active metal–graphene hybrid terahertz surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Feng Mingming , Zhang Baoqing , Ling Haotian , Zhang Zihao , Wang Yiming , Wang Yilin , Zhang Xijian , Hua Pingrang , Wang Qingpu , Song Aimin , Zhang Yifei
Published: June 2022

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are propagating electromagnetic surface waves with local electric field enhancement and nondiffraction limit at optical frequencies. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, a metal line with periodic grooves can mimic the optical SPPs with the same high cut-off response, which is referred to as designer SPPs. Here, by replacing metal grooves with graphene sheets, a novel active metal–graphene hybrid SPP device achieves significant phase modulation. Theoretically, the dispersion curves of THz SPPs are determined by the dimensions and periodicity of the grooves. Changing the chemical potential of graphene sweeps the effective groove depth, which correspondingly shifts the SPP cut-off frequency and modulates the slow-wave phase. A prototype device is fabricated and characterized under varying bias applied for graphene. The experiment demonstrates that the cut-off frequency red shifts from 200 to 177 GHz, and the phase variation is as large as 112° at 195 GHz under a low bias from −0.5 to 0.5 V. Simultaneously, the SPP transmittance is modulated by a factor of more than 3 dB from 140 to 177 GHz due to the graphene absorption. The proposed structure reveals a novel approach to study the nonreciprocal and topological SPPs with active modulation in the THz range.
An Integrated Zooarchaeological and Micromorphological Perspective on Midden Taphonomy at Late Neolithic Çatalhöyük
Authors: Pawłowska Kamilla , Shillito Lisa-Marie
Published: June 2022

The disposal of cultural material at Çatalhöyük, Turkey (7100–5950 cal BCE) has created substantial midden deposits between buildings and within abandoned houses. These consist of a variety of materials, including environmental remains such as eggshell, mollusks, seeds, phytoliths, charcoal, fecal material, along with artefacts including pottery, figurines, beads, and lithics. Animal bone and human bone also form a significant component. Understanding the taphonomy of these deposits and their formation processes is essential in order to interpret the activities represented. Here we present a taphonomic analysis of middens from the TP Area of the site (Late Neolithic, Final Phase), in terms of natural and cultural alterations to bone, through a combination of zooarchaeological analysis, with micromorphological analysis of associated sedimentary contexts. Comparisons with studies of the earlier middens enable us to account for post-depositional processes, and the implications they have for interpreting past activities and waste management practices. Integrating sediment micromorphological analysis enables refinement of the taphonomic interpretations from the analysis of faunal remains and highlights the advantages of a multi-proxy approach.
Optimization of hydrogen supply from renewable electricity including cavern storage
Authors: Wassermann Timo , Mühlenbrock Henry , Kenkel Philipp , Thöming Jorg , Zondervan Edwin
Published: June 2022

The present study introduces a methodology to model electricity based hydrogen supply systems as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. The novelty of the presented approach lies especially in the linear formulations of the models for electrolysis and salt cavern storage. The proposed linear electrolysis model allows for an accurate consideration of operating limits and operating point-specific efficiencies, while the two-dimensional cavern model treats the cavern volume as a decision variable. The developed formulations are implemented in the open energy modeling framework (oemof) and applied to representative case studies with 2020 marginal conditions. Thereby, it has been confirmed that the individual consideration of power supply and hydrogen demand is crucial for optimal system design and operation. If electricity is drawn exclusively from the German grid, hydrogen costs of 2.67 

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are identified along with an increased CO2 footprint compared to natural gas based hydrogen. By contrast, a significantly reduced CO2 footprint results from autarkic wind power supply at costs of at least 4.28 

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. Further findings on autarkic operation include optimal ratios of electrolyzer and wind farm nominal power, as well as power curtailment strategies. Evidence is provided that salt cavern interim storage is beneficial. With grid connection, it serves to exploit electricity price fluctuations, while with renewable autarkic operation, it is essential to compensate for seasonal fluctuations in generation.
Power to the city: Assessing the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential in multiple cities of Ecuador
Authors: Tapia Mariela , Ramos Leonard , Heinemann Detlev , Zondervan Edwin
Published: June 2022

Solar energy plays a crucial role in helping cities to decentralize energy production and thus decarbonize the energy mix. Reliable resource assessments are needed to support the deployment of solar power systems, especially in cities of developing countries where large solar potential remains untapped. The aim of this work is to assess the potential of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) in three populated cities in Ecuador’s mainland (Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca) and in the Galapagos Islands. The assessment involves (i) the estimation of the available rooftop area based on geographic information system data, (ii) the calculation of energy yield based on hourly satellite-derived irradiance and meteorological data, and (iii) the economic feasibility assessment in terms of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to representative electricity tariffs. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to assess the variability of the estimated technical and economic potential with respect to changes in the input parameters. The results reveal a total available rooftop area of about 144 km2, mainly concentrated in urban parishes. The estimated energy yield is 16.94 ± 3.38 TWh/a, which could cover almost twice the annual energy consumption in 2019 of the study areas. The economic assessment shows that the LCOE ranges between 7.65 and 21.12 USD cents/kWh. However, the comparison of LCOE against representative residential tariff suggests that rooftop PV technology is not cost-competitive under most of the financial scenarios. The findings from this study will be of interest for local authorities and other decision makers to design policies and financing strategies to increase the penetration of rooftop PV and thus exploiting the large potential assessed in the study areas. The described methodology can be used for assessing the potential in other regions of Ecuador and thereby support the diversification and decarbonization of the energy mix in the country.
Histopathological Features of Infections Caused by Fusarium Equiseti (Corda) Sacc. In Onion Plants from Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Dauda WP , Alao SEL , Zarafi AB , Alabi O , Iortsuun DN , Musa H.
Published: June 2022

Histopathological features of onion tissues infected with Fusarium equiseti showed infection progress from the roots where the pathogen move through the vascular system to colonize the whole plant. At first, in the intercellular spaces of the root cortex but soon invaded the cells, followed by colonization of the cells by its hyphae and microconidia. At later stages, the cortex tissue became completely disorganized and decomposed as the pathogen advanced to the shoot system via the vessel elements. Keywords: Onion; Histopathology; Infection; Fusarium equiseti; Tissue; Cells;
Collective Marketing Enterprises among Small- Scale Organic and Low-input Farmers: Balancing Community-based Values in Relation to the Marketplace
Authors: J. Lowe Mecca , J. Molnar Joseph
Published: June 2022

Direct marketing by small-scale, organically-oriented farmers in the United States has risen in popularity in recent decades in the form of farmers markets, Community Supported Agriculture, roadside stands and U-pick operations, yet some farmers struggle to find enough demand in their local, rural communities for these high-value organic or natural products. Because marketing to urban areas where demand is higher for these products can be time-consuming and cost-prohibitive, some farmers have initiated marketing and distribution businesses that connect urban customers with locally produced organic foods through online shopping and correspondence. Using interviews, documents and observations gathered from three marketing businesses in northeastern Alabama and western Georgia, this study examines the social and economic functions of these businesses for farmers and consumers. We find that most farmers are not solely dependent on the internetbased income, but consider it an additional outlet often secondary to their own direct sales. This study also finds that although the farmers do not usually know the customers of the internet-based sales, they depend on their direct relationships with their private customers for understanding the needs and desires of online customers. Most farmers are highly embedded within the sustainable agriculture social movement, sharing values of environmental protection, human health and community food security. Finally, this study finds that the decisionmaking structure of each collective marketing enterprise (CME) was not found to be as important in determining the business practices. Instead, the market managers were the most influential in balancing economic motivations of the business with the community-oriented values held by farmers.
Postnatal Development of Projections of the Postrhinal Cortex to the Entorhinal Cortex in the Rat
Authors: Lagartos-Donate Maria Jose , Doan Thanh Pierre , Girão Paulo J. B. , Witter Menno P.
Published: June 2022

The ability to encode and retrieve contextual information is an inherent feature of episodic memory that starts to develop during childhood. The postrhinal cortex (POR), an area of the parahippocampal region (PHR), has a crucial role in encoding object-space information and translating egocentric to allocentric representation of local space. The strong connectivity of POR with the adjacent entorhinal cortex (EC), and consequently the hippocampus, suggests that the development of these connections could support the postnatal development of contextual memory. Here, we report that POR projections of the rat develop progressively from the first to the third postnatal week starting in the medial EC (MEC) before spreading to the lateral EC (LEC). The increased spread and complexity of postrhinal axonal distributions is accompanied by an increased complexity of entorhinal dendritic trees and an increase of postrhinal-entorhinal synapses, which supports a gradual maturation in functional activity.
Metabolic routing maintains the unique fatty acid composition of phosphoinositides
Authors: Kim Yeun Ju , Sengupta Nivedita , Sohn Mira , Mandal Amrita , Pemberton Joshua G , Choi Uimook , Balla Tamas
Published: June 2022

Phosphoinositide lipids (PPIn) are enriched in stearic‐ and arachidonic acids (38:4) but how this enrichment is established and maintained during phospholipase C (PLC) activation is unknown. Here we show that the metabolic fate of newly synthesized phosphatidic acid (PA), the lipid precursor of phosphatidylinositol (PI), is influenced by the fatty acyl‐CoA used with preferential routing of the arachidonoyl‐enriched species toward PI synthesis. Furthermore, during agonist stimulation the unsaturated forms of PI(4,5P)2 are replenished significantly faster than the more saturated ones, suggesting a favored recycling of the unsaturated forms of the PLC‐generated hydrolytic products. Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase 2 (CDS2) but not CDS1 was found to contribute to increased PI resynthesis during PLC activation. Lastly, while the lipid transfer protein, Nir2 is found to contribute to rapid PPIn resynthesis during PLC activation, the faster re‐synthesis of the 38:4 species does not depend on Nir2. Therefore, the fatty acid side‐chain composition of the lipid precursors used for PI synthesis is an important determinant of their metabolic fates, which also contributes to the maintenance of the unique fatty acid profile of PPIn lipids.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN BLENDED LEARNING DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hutami Nikku Panduning , Azwar Beni , Warlizasusi Jumira
Published: June 2022

The covid-19 virus poses new challenges for the whole world. All activities become disrupted including disrupting teaching and learning activities at school. During a pandemic like this, the world of education must change and modify learning that can be applied to this situation so that learning productivity can be achieved. Blended learning is a learning method that can be applied in the current situation. Blended learning is a learning method that combines face-to-face learning or classical learning with modern technology-based learning that is done online. Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Ketanggungan is one of the schools that applies this method. As long as this method is applied, it is considered effective for use during this pandemic, although it cannot be denied that there are also negative sides. By analyzing the application of blended learning, it is intended to be material for consideration of the school's leadership in choosing the right method for the application of the learning system during this pandemic, as well as being an evaluation material for Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Ketanggungan. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, and the data collection method uses interviews and online observations.
PEMASARAN MADRASAH HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN JUMLAH PESERTA DIDIK BARU
Authors: Maulana Saepul , Ibrahim Tatang , Khoeruddin Heri
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine whether or not there is a positive and significant relationship between school marketing management and number of new student at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ar-Rosidiah Cikuda Bandung. This paper using correlation reseach method, this method interpreted as measuring to whether or not relationship between school marketing management as X variable  and number of new student as Y variable. As for the results of the study, it can be concluded that Ar-Rosidiyah's Student Perceptions about school marketing obtained an average value of 3.14. The number was included in the moderate qualification because it was in the 2.5-3.5 interval, the number of new students scored 3.07 with moderate qualification because it was in the interval 2.5-3.5. The results of the calculation of hypothesis testing show t count is 2.07 t table 1.71. Then the level of influence of the variables x and y is 40.5% and has a sufficient correlation. And this shows that there are other factors of 59.5% that influence the student's decision to enter Madrasah Tsanawiyah At-Rosidiyah.
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI ZOOM DENGAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Imani Sandra Herliyani Nur , Kasmin Kasmin
Published: June 2022

The problem that often occurs when online learning is that the teaching and learning process is not conducive, due to environmental factors that make students not focus, as well as in online meetings between educators, education staff or school principals. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between the use of the zoom application and the quality of education in Madrasah Tsanawiyah throughout the city of Bandung. This research is descriptive, using a quantitative approach to the type of correlation. The data collection technique was using a questionnaire questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the use of the zoom application has a significant relationship with the quality of education in Madrasah Tsanawiyah throughout the city of Bandung, with a significance value of 0.000. The correlation coefficient obtained is 0.540 and is at a moderate level of strength. The contribution of the variable is 29.1%
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS E-LEARNING HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Lestari Indah , Suryana Aep Tata , Hermawan A Heris
Published: June 2022

This research is based on the existence of e-learning management that offers less solutions to the problems of the education world, causing learning to decline in the effectiveness of the pandemic.The problem is reflected in the madrasah aliyah city of bogor, which performs study based e-learning with an application e-learning madrasah and experiences a decline in learning effectiveness, such as the lack of interaction impact, the educators who do not empower the opticible e-learning system and other infrastructure management barriers. The purpose of this research is specifically to discuss the reality of the relation between learning management and learning effectiveness in state Madrasah Aliyah throughout the city of Bogor with quantitative research type descriptive method and using random samples with the slovin formula a significance level of 10% so that the number of research samples is 100 madrasah students. The results showed that there was a relationship between e-learning based management and learning effectiveness in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Bogor City with a significance level of 0.604** included in the correlation coefficient value of 0.60-0.799, meaning that the relationship between the two variables was included in the strong significant category. so that if e-learning-based management is improved, the effectiveness of learning will also increase.
PENGELOLAAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Aziz Mufid Faruq , Zelni Ziwi , Asiyah Asiyah
Published: June 2022

This study aims to describe the management of infrastructure at the Integrated Islamic Junior High School of Baitul Izzah Bengkulu in conducting face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was done by interview, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed through three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study explore the importance of needs analysis, source analysis, and priority analysis in formulating policies for planning infrastructure in schools so that the procurement of infrastructure is right on target. In addition, the school management system also supports the key role of principals in managing face-to-face learning infrastructure and ensuring that the maintenance process can be accounted for. This study also provides several implications for the management of facilities and infrastructure during the pandemic and is expected to provide enlightenment for other relevant stakeholders in dealing with face-to-face learning during the upcoming pandemic.
Performative intersubjectivity
Authors: Wu Haiping
Published: June 2022

Taking an interactional linguistic approach, this article examines the role of turn-initial wo gaosu ni ‘I tell you’ in informings in Mandarin conversation. Based on data from a television talk show, I argue that one major function of turn-initial wo gaosu ni is to serve as a ‘performative’ strategy in interaction that manages inter-subjectivity among interlocutors (Edwards, 1999, p. 140). Specifically, by treating oneself as the source of information and others as the uninformed, the wo gaosu ni-speaker asserts his/her epistemic primacy over the referent vis-à-vis coparticipants. I also propose that, drawing on this epistemic-encoding function, turn-initial wo gaosu ni can also act to reinforce the speaker’s affective stance, which may be supportive, affiliative, or antithetical to the ones taken by others.
The pragmatic understanding of subject expression in spoken Korean
Authors: Lee Narah
Published: June 2022

Whereas there are a number of studies that address subject omission in Korean as a pro-drop language, expressed subjects have been less explored. I argue that the reasons for expressed subjects to remain un-omitted are found in their pragmatic effects rather than elsewhere. This study particularly investigates the pragmatic effects of the alternation among reference forms for the expressed subject in spoken Korean and uses three different spoken corpora to identify specific examples of the relevant effects. I believe that this study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it shows that shifts among different reference forms play a crucial role in conveying specific pragmatic effects. In particular, I have categorised the pragmatic effects of expressed subjects into two categories, (im)politeness and authority, and intimacy and estrangement, by the characteristics of interpersonal behaviours.
Pragmatic awareness of conversational implicatures by L2 undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed Abdullah
Published: June 2022

Pragmatic competence is one of the chief components of language learners’ communicative abilities. However, in research and instruction, limited attention is often directed towards the pragmatic aspects of language. One such pragmatic aspect is conversational implicature. This study investigates the perception of implicatures by EFL undergraduates in Saudi Arabia, where, as in East Asian countries, English is spoken as a foreign language. It employs an exploratory mixed-methods design to collect and analyse the data. Three instruments were used to collect the data, namely, a multiple-choice discourse completion test, the design based on Bouton’s works (1988, 1994), a questionnaire, developed from and based on the taxonomy of the implicature of interpretative strategies by Vandergrift (1997), and interviews. A total of 40 undergraduates who enrolled on a four-year English programme at Majmaah University were randomly selected to participate in this study. The findings revealed that EFL learners encountered difficulties in understanding implicatures. It was also shown that Quantity, Indirect Criticism, Quality, Sequential, and Scalar implicatures are more problematic for learners than the other five types of implicatures, namely, Minimum Requirement Rule, Manner, POPE-Q, Idiomatic, and Relation, respectively. Moreover, the findings obtained from the questionnaire indicated that the participants tended to use inference strategies, deduction/induction, repetition, and transfer strategies more frequently than grouping strategies, elaboration strategies, translation strategies, and summarisation strategies. The study recommends that language teachers should incorporate the pragmatic aspects of language in their teaching, and such aspects should also be incorporated in the English curricula. It provides significant implications which could be useful for EFL/ESL learners and teachers as well as curriculum designers in Saudi Arabia, as much as in East Asia.
A study of relational ritual, affectivity, and identity (de)construction in Chinese X-change programmes
Authors: Li Chengtuan
Published: June 2022

This study attempts to examine how, in X-change, a Chinese televised documentary programme, fathers and sons practise their relational rituals, display their emotions and (de)construct their relational identities. Based on data analysis and the Confucian ritual theory five Luns, it finds that in family talk, ritual practices change, switching from negative or deviant ones to positive and normative ones, and the affectivity involved also changes from negative emotion to positive emotion. At the beginning of the programme, due to violation of one of the Confucian Luns – loving father and filial son (fucizixiao) – the father and the son conduct the destructive relational ritual practices, deconstruct their relational identities, and release their negative affect. As the programme progresses, both the father and the son commence to conform to Lun, and hence constructive relational ritual practices occur, and relational identities are reconstructed and normalised in terms of Lun; eventually their affect becomes positive, and their interpersonal rapport is enhanced.
Politeness in Professional Contexts Edited by Dawn Archer, Karen Grainger, and Piotr Jagodzinski (2020)
Authors: Yang Yeming
Published: June 2022

Politeness in Professional Contexts Edited by Dawn Archer, Karen Grainger, and Piotr Jagodzinski (2020) John Benjamins
Dynamics of FABP4 and CTRP3 biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Koteliukh Mariia
Published: June 2022

The aim of the work was to study the characteristics of adipokine metabolism based on the analysis of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and C1q/tumour necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) levels and their dynamics in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with cardiovascular (CV) complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Materials and methods. The study was carried out between 2018 and 2020 and involved 134 AMI patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) aged 59.00 [52.75; 66.00] years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals with the mean age of 56.50 [48.50; 61.75] years. The serum levels of FABP4 and CTRP3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 1 and 10 of hospital stay.
Results. The mean levels of FABP4 were elevated on day 1 in AMI patients with type 2 DM (group II) compared to those in AMI patients (group I) and the control individuals (p<0.05). The FABP4 concentrations on day 10 were 7.68 [6.42; 8.42] ng/ml and 8.31 [6.92; 9.63] ng/ml (p<0.05) in groups I and II, respectively. The CTRP3 levels were lower in group II on day 1 as compared to those in group I and the control group patients (p<0.001). After 10 days, the levels of CTRP3 were 287.56 [271.48; 300.58] ng/ml and 262.01 [225.32; 288.84] ng/ml) (p<0.001) in groups I and II, respectively. In the presence of early AMI complications in diabetic patients, the levels of FABP4 remained elevated on day 10, and the levels of CTRP3 were low compared to those in diabetic patients without AMI complications (p<0.05).
Conclusions. The characteristics of adipokine metabolism in AMI patients have been revealed: the worsened imbalance in adipokine metabolism in type 2 DM due to the difference in FABP4 and CTRP3 levels. Special mention should be made of severely deteriorated adipokine metabolism in diabetic patients with CV complications