bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of PPMV-1 Genotype VI Virulence in Pigeons and Chickens and Protective Effectiveness of Paramyxovirus Vaccines in Pigeons
Authors: Hamouda Esraa E. , Eid Amal A. M. , Gouda Hagar F. , Dessouki Amina A. , El-Deeb Ayman H. , Daines Rebecca , Iqbal Munir , ElBakrey Reham M.
Published: October 2024

Pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1 (PPMV-1), an antigenic and host variant of avian paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV), primarily originating from racing pigeons, has become a global panzootic. Egypt uses both inactivated PPMV-1 and conventional NDV vaccines to protect pigeons from disease and mortality. However, the impact of prevalent strains and the effectiveness of available vaccines in pigeons in Egypt are unclear. This study investigates the virulence of PPMV-1 (Pigeon/Egypt/Sharkia-19/2015/KX580988) and evaluates available paramyxovirus vaccines in protecting pigeons against a PPMV-1 challenge. Ten-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs infected with this strain exhibited a mean death time (MDT) of 86.4 ± 5.88 h. The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chickens was 0.8, while pigeons experienced an ICPI of 0.96 and an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of 2.11. These findings classify the strain as virulent and velogenic. Experimental infection of pigeons with this PPMV-1 strain at 106 EID50/0.1 mL resulted in a 62.5% mortality rate, displaying nervous and enteric distress. The virus caused extensive lesions in visceral organs, with strong immunohistochemistry signals in all examined organs, indicating the systemic spread of the virus concurrent to its neurotropic and viscerotropic tropism. Furthermore, vaccination using an inactivated PPMV-1 and live NDV LaSota vaccine regimen protected 100% of pigeons against mortality, while with a single NDV LaSota vaccine, it was 62.5%. The PPMV alone or combined with NDV LaSota induced protective levels of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres and reduced virus shedding from buccal and cloacal cavities. Based on generalised linear gamma model analysis, both PPMV-1 and NDV LaSota are antigenically comparable by HI. These findings suggest that using both inactivated PPMV-1 (G-VI) and live attenuated NDV (LaSota) vaccines is an effective prophylactic regimen for preventing and controlling PPMV-1 and NDV in pigeons, thereby reducing the risk of interspecies transmission.
HPV Vaccination Status in HIV-Negative MSM and Its Association with High-Risk HPV Detection Using HPV Serology and Anorectal Swabs
Authors: Bennis Sarah L. , Yared Nicholas F. , Horvath Keith J. , Baker Jason V. , Waterboer Tim , Thyagarajan Bharat , Kulasingam Shalini
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types by HPV vaccination status and the feasibility of using HPV L1 serology to identify HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) who may be at risk for anal cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited HIV-negative MSM from a US metropolitan area. The prevalence of HR, quadrivalent, and nonavalent anorectal HPV DNA and HPV L1 serum antibodies was estimated. McNemar’s chi-square and kappa statistics were used to determine significant differences in HPV detection between anorectal DNA swabs and HPV L1 serology. Results: Eighty-two men had adequate anorectal swabs and serology samples for analysis. Men who self-reported receipt of the HPV vaccine (35.6%) had detectable L1 HPV antibodies (93.1%) and a lower prevalence of active anal HPV infections (20.7%) compared to those who reported none. Conclusions: If confirmed in larger prospective studies, a combination of HPV vaccination status or HPV L1 serology and anorectal swabs for HR HPV types could identify HIV-negative MSM who do not need to undergo follow-up anal testing.
A Case Report of Successful Treatment of Minoxidil Toxicosis Using Hemodialysis in a Cat
Authors: Ahn Woonchan , Lee Taeho , Jung Soyoung , Nam Aryung
Published: October 2024

A 5-year-old castrated male American Shorthair cat presented with lethargy and anorexia after accidentally knocking over a bottle of topical minoxidil and spilling it onto its body. Physical examination revealed rapid shallow breathing, pale mucous membranes, hypothermia, tachycardia, and hypotension. Thoracic radiography revealed mild pulmonary infiltration and pleural effusion. Despite conservative treatment, including oxygen therapy, and intravenous fluid, furosemide, and dopamine administration, the patient showed no improvement. After two sessions of intermittent hemodialysis, the cat’s respiratory pattern and overall condition gradually improved; normal body temperature and blood pressure were achieved. The cat recovered fully and was discharged on the 11th day of hospitalization. This is the first report on the use of hemodialysis in the treatment of a cat with minoxidil toxicosis.
Numerical Simulation of Gas–Water Two-Phase Flow Patterns in Fracture: Implication for Enhancing Natural Gas Production
Authors: Liu Dejun , Pu Hai , Xue Kangsheng , Ni Hongyang
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the evolution of rock fracture slug structures and decongestion strategies for natural gas extraction processes. For this purpose, the level set method was used to simulate the evolution of the slug structure under the effect of different flow ratios, fracture surface wettability, and fracture tortuosity. The results show that an increase in the water-to-gas flow ratio and fracture tortuosity leads to a significant increase in the proportion of slug structures in the fracture, while an increase in the surface contact angle leads to a decrease in the proportion of slug structures in the fracture. Based on the above slug structure evolution law, a quantitative characterization method for the slug structure of two-phase fluids considering the combined effects of the water–gas flow ratio, average wall contact angle, and flow channel tortuosity was developed. Subsequently, we engage in further discussion on the optimization of the extraction and decongestion process in natural gas extraction.
Using Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Operational Parameters of a Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP)
Authors: Gyparakis Stylianos , Trichakis Ioannis , Diamadopoulos Evan
Published: October 2024

The scope of the present study is the estimation of key operational parameters of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), particularly the dosages of treatment chemicals, using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on measurable in situ data. The case study consists of the Aposelemis DWTP, where the plant operator had an estimation of the ANN output parameters for the required dosages of water treatment chemicals based on observed water quality and other operational parameters at the time. The estimated DWTP main operational parameters included residual ozone (O3) and dosages of the chemicals used: anionic polyelectrolyte (ANPE), poly-aluminum chloride hydroxide sulfate (PACl), and chlorine gas (Cl2(g)). Daily measurable results of water sample analysis and recordings from the DWTP Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA), covering a period of 38 months, were used as input parameters for the artificial neural network (1188 values for each of the 14 measurable parameters). These input parameters included: raw water supply (Q), raw water turbidity (T1), treated water turbidity (T2), treated water residual free chlorine (Cl2), treated water concentration of residual aluminum (Al), filtration bed inlet water turbidity (T3), daily difference in water height in reservoir (∆H), raw water pH (pH1), treated water pH (pH2), and daily consumption of DWTP electricity (El). Output/target parameters were: residual O3 after ozonation (O3), anionic polyelectrolyte (ANPE), poly-aluminum chloride hydroxide sulfate (PACl), and chlorine gas supply (Cl2(g)). A total of 304 different ANN models were tested, based on the best test performance (tperf) indicator. The one with the optimum performance indicator was selected. The scenario finally chosen was the one with 100 neural networks, 100 nodes, 42 hidden nodes, 10 inputs, and 4 outputs. This ANN model achieved excellent simulation results based on the best testing performance indicator, which suggests that ANNs are potentially useful tools for the prediction of a DWTP’s main operational parameters. Further research could explore the prediction of water chemicals used in a DWTP by using ANNs with a smaller number of operational parameters to ensure greater flexibility, without prohibitively reducing the reliability of the prediction model. This could prove useful in cases with a much higher sample size, given the data-demanding nature of ANNs.
SEAWAT Scenarios Evaluating Links between the Southern Gabès (TN) Confined Aquifer and the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Wederni Khyria , Schiavo Massimiliano , Haddaji Boulbaba , Hamed Younes , Bouri Salem , Colombani Nicolò
Published: October 2024

The southern Gabès aquifer in southeastern Tunisia faces significant stress due to unsustainable groundwater extraction. This study employs a SEAWAT model to evaluate groundwater losses, salinization mechanisms, and the interaction between the confined aquifer and the Mediterranean Sea. The model, incorporating well pumping rates, regional freshwater inflows from the Matmata Mountain Range, and the Mediterranean Sea boundary, demonstrated high accuracy in simulating hydraulic heads. Findings reveal that regional inflow is only half of the current pumping rate, indicating unsustainable groundwater use. The study also assessed salinity dynamics by modeling the Mediterranean Sea as a constant head and salinity boundary. Results suggest limited exchange between the aquifer and the sea, challenging previous assumptions. While the immediate risks of salinization are low, continued over-extraction could compromise the aquifer’s long-term sustainability. This research highlights the need for stricter local groundwater management, offers insights into regional coastal aquifer interactions, and contributes to global discussions on managing stressed aquifer systems.
The Impact of Digital Technology on Water Resources Management: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Xiaochun , Yang Danjie , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2024

Digital technology is gradually emerging as a new driving force in the field of water resources management. In this paper, we conduct a thorough analysis of panel data from 30 provinces in China spanning from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing the fixed-effects model, the mediation effect model, a panel threshold model, and a coupling coordination degree model, this study empirically examines the impact of digital technology on water resources management. The findings are as follows: (1) The direct impact of digital technology on water resources management is significantly positive at the 1% level, with notable regional variations. (2) Digital technology improves water management through green innovation. (3) In the process of digital technology promoting water resources management, green innovation exhibits a threshold effect, with an estimated threshold value of 1.840. (4) During the sample period, the national coupling coordination degree of digital technology and water resources management was barely coordinated, showing the following characteristics: Eastern China > Western China > Central China. These research conclusions will offer valuable insights and directions for advancing sustainable water resources management strategies and fostering the deep integration of digital technology and water resources management.
General ventilation filters: what acoustic characteristics?
Authors: BESSAC Francois , GINESTET Alain
Published: October 2024

In the field of general ventilation, air filters are widely used, and introduced in ventilation ductworks, or air-handling units. These filters are passed through by air flow and noise. However, their characteristics of sound attenuation and sound generation are very poorly known, used
and tested. This presentation reports a study done in collaboration with French air filtering manufacturers members of CETIAT. More than thirteen 592x592 mm filters representing four different types of air filters commercially available have been tested in laboratory, to characterise the insertion
loss and the noise generation. Those types of filters are mini pleated (50 & 100 mm thickness), V-bank, bags and pleated, with different materials such as glass fiber and synthetic fiber. In addition, the effect of the dust loading has been investigated the sound characteristics as well
as the influence of a series installation of a prefilter and a filter. These experimental data will be helpful for acoustic studies of ventilation networks. Some results about sound absorption can be related to the characteristics of the filters, thickness or shape but also to the loading
and the use in series, whereas no obvious relation can be found for sound generation.
Spatio-temporal mapping of urban noise exposure: insights from the agent-based transport model of the Nantes metropolitan area
Authors: GALASSI LUQUEZI Leonardo , LE BESCOND Valentin , AUMOND Pierre , GASTINEAU Pascal , CAN Arnaud
Published: October 2024

Beyond the estimation of daily exposure profiles of agents, agent-based models can be used to investigate the role of different urban areas in noise exposure. This study explores this potential by proposing a new approach to spatio-temporal mapping of the accessibility to quiet areas
in agglomerations, integrating mobility into the analysis of place effects. Using an agent and activity-based framework, composed of EQASim, MATSim and NoiseModelling, the Nantes Metropolitan Area (France) is modeled. The definition of the quiet areas conditions and the accessibility metric
are analyzed in order to understand the influence of these parameters on the identification of critical urban areas where agents don't have their access to quiet areas assured. The results show a great variability of accessibility according to its definition and emphasize the need to include
new variables in the assessment.
A three-dimensional rubber-steel phononic crystal for broad and low-frequency vibration attenuation
Authors: M. S. RIBEIRO Luiz H. , GERALDI Theodoro B. , DIAS Vinícius L. , ARRUDA J. Roberto F.
Published: October 2024

Elastic metamaterials and phononic crystals have the potential for vibration isolation applications due to wave band gaps where elastic waves cannot propagate. However, their real-life application may be compromised by the narrow band gaps of the former and the high frequencies of the
latter. In the current study, we present a three-dimensional frame structure made of steel and rubber elements that presents a wide complete band bag at low frequency. The structure provides extreme vibration isolation because it combines band gaps with high impedance mismatch between steel
and rubber damping. The manufacturing process of the proposed frame structure is widely used in mounting pads, and its cost is relatively low. It provides reasonable structural strength, which makes its application in real life possible. The dynamic behavior predicted with spectral and finite
element models is validated with experimental results.
Development of acoustic impedance tube system using 3D printing and finite element analysis
Authors: KIM Jeong-Woo
Published: October 2024

This study aims to demonstrate and provide a practical guide on correctly designing, fabricating, and verifying the acoustic impedance tube system. Many parts required to build this tube system were uniquely designed and 3D printed, such as the driver case, specimen holder, microphone
holder, etc. In addition, this acoustic tube is designed to meet three functions: standard sound absorption measurement, in-situ measurement, and microphone mismatch measurement. Various types of specimens are tested to verify the accuracy of the measurement and how it compares to the poroelastic
theoretical models and FEM models. To estimate the poroelastic parameters, measurement and FEM models were used to run the optimization process. The validation study shows good agreement in all three cases: measurement, the poroelastic model, and the FEM model.
Assessing the indoor soundscape approach among university students' home study places
Authors: HAMIDA Amneh , EIJKELENBOOM AnneMarie , BLUYSSEN Philomena M.
Published: October 2024

University students spend a considerable time at study places. The acoustical quality of these study places is one of the indoor environmental qualities (IEQ) that can have an impact on student's health, comfort, and performance. The indoor soundscape approach has been introduced to
better understand occupants' sound perception and experience of sounds in relation to the environment. This study aims to explore the indoor soundscapes of home study places of these students by conducting semi-structured interviews with 23 university students with different profiles. For
qualitative analysis, open coding was used. Sub-categories, based on the codes, and categories were created and assigned to the soundscape themes that are defined in ISO 12913-1. An affinity diagram consisting of the themes, categories, and sub-categories was initially developed. Then, it
was validated through two workshops with participants. The results showed that the interpretation of the sound environment, responses, and outcomes differed among the students. In a previous study, 451 students were clustered in 5 clusters with similar acoustical preferences (profiles). Therefore,
it is recommended to consider making the indoor soundscape approach applicable for different profiles of occupants.
Laplacian-enhanced non-synchronous measurements method
Authors: ZHANG Jiacheng , HU Jiaxin , CHEN Guitong , LIU Xiaoang , SUN Weize , LIU Shiqi , CHEN Long
Published: October 2024

To address the challenges of physical geometric constraints of microphone arrays and the lack of a prior information about the operating frequencies of target signals, we propose a novel method for broadband multiple-sound-source localization: a non-synchronous measurements method for
broadband multiple-sound-source localization based on Laplacian-enhanced low-rank tensor completion. Our method thoroughly analyzes the tensor data structure of broadband signals and introduces a multiplier-optimized alternating direction method. Through extensive simulation studies, our approach
has achieved remarkable results. We validate the outstanding performance of the Laplacian-enhanced algorithm, demonstrating its ability to generate highly accurate sound maps, capturing five distinct speech signal sources. Compared to other methods, our approach provides a more comprehensive
global view. This technological advancement brings substantial hope for the precise localization of multiple broadband sound sources in critical applications, offering significant potential for future applications.
Optimization of a metal additively manufactured hydraulic silencer with array resonators
Authors: MACQUART Alexandre , GRAS Thibaut , CAMUS Etienne
Published: October 2024

As mobile machines shift to electrification, hydraulic circuit noise, previously masked by combustion engine noise, has emerged as a significant concern. To address acoustic comfort issues, this paper investigates an innovative solution for high-performance noise reduction in hydraulic
circuits. The proposed silencer design incorporates an optimized array of Helmholtz resonators, strategically arranged to broaden the narrow band characteristics of single resonators. The chosen configuration effectively reduces pressure pulsations across a broad mid-frequency spectrum. While
this design is well-established in air medium, its application in a hydraulic oil medium is pioneering. Fabricated through metal additive manufacturing, the silencer undergoes testing on a dedicated bench. Transmission Loss measurements validate both the concept and the optimization methodology.
Improvement of stage acoustics in a small circular-shaped recital hall
Authors: JEON SANGEUN , KIM Jun-Young , PARK Dong-Chae , WON Dae-Gwan , KIM Yong-Hee
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates how stage acoustics can be improved by the installation of on-stage reflectors in a small recital hall with a circular floor plan. The target hall, which is designed as a second floor with a seating capacity of 533, has an average reverberation time of 1.31 seconds
in the mid-frequency band at the audience seats when empty, and an average side reflection sound ratio of 0.4. The target hall, assessed as having a circular planar shape with wide left and right sides compared to its depth, is not conducive to performers. Therefore, we measured the stage
acoustics according to ISO 3382-1, with a grid spacing of 1 m above the stage. We created a simulation model based on the measurement results. To enhance the stage acoustics, a movable reflector was placed on the stage, and the effective area of the stage surrounded by the reflector was varied
and compared through simulation. The results indicated that as the effective area of the stage surrounded by the reflector decreased, STEarly improved. Meanwhile, in the audience, the installation of stage reflectors showed no significant difference in reverberation time or clarity, but the
sound pressure level was slightly improved.
Multimodal Hong Kong: Perceiving pedestrian footbridge spaces in a high-density area through soundscape and smellscape perspectives
Authors: YUE RAN , LINDBORG PerMagnus , IKESHIRO Ryo , GUI Ren
Published: October 2024

In prior research on Hong Kong's acoustic environment, noise has been the primary focus, highlighting its diverse sources and its detrimental impact on physical and mental health. However, there is still limited exploration of multi-sensory perspectives in Hong Kong. Mong Kok is one
of the world's most densely populated areas, with a density of 130,000 people per square kilometre. Amid the bustling urban life, interactions and activities of residents, tourists, and vendors contribute to the complex soundscape. The area offers a diverse array of markets, street food, and
intense aromas, creating a dynamic smellscape. This study focuses on the Mong Kok East pedestrian footbridge (connecting Mong Kok East Station to Nathan Road, approximately 400 metres), selecting six locations on and beneath the footbridge. During the on-site sensory walk experiment (n=30),
we recorded ambient sounds and reproduced the soundscape in the laboratory to compare experiences stemming from various sensory modes. The sensory walk includes evaluating soundscape, smellscape, and an overall assessment. Participant feedback helps highlight what they are most concerned about,
and the usage patterns and preferences of the six locations reflect the desired soundscape and smellscape, guiding recommendations for sensory design in high-density spaces.
Reduction of vortex-induced vibrations of a cantilevered hydrofoil with passive piezoelectric shunt
Authors: HAUDEVILLE Arthur , AMANDOLESE Xavier , LOSSOUARN Boris , GIRAUD-AUDINE Christophe , THOMAS Olivier
Published: October 2024

This work first investigates the ability of a low order fluid-structure model to fit the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) observed on a truncated hydrofoil in a hydrodynamic tunnel. A particular VIV area is scrutinized, for which a hydrodynamic excitation mechanism due to a Karman-type
vortex wake organization successively locks the first torsional and second bending mode of the cantilevered hydrofoil. Coupling two structure oscillators with a Van der Pol wake oscillator satisfactorily reproduces the amplitude response and the lock-in frequency. In order to build a low order
model allowing to optimize control strategy, a fourth degree of freedom corresponding to the electric circuit of a resonant piezoelectric shunt has been added. Composed of an inductance and a resistance connected to a piezoelectric patch, the passive shunt was tuned to minimize the vibration
amplitude in the frequency lock-in range. Model predictions are finally compared with experimental results.
TSSL: Trusted Sound Source Localization
Authors: PI Rendong , SONG Yang , LI Linfeng , YU Xiang , CHENG Li
Published: October 2024

Despite significant advancements in the accuracy of sound source localization, the confidence and robustness of the results still require improvement. Conducting uncertainty estimation can effectively alleviate this problem, since it provides a measure of confidence in the sound source
localization results. In this work, we propose a trusted sound source localization neural network which can generate the accurate localization results and reliable uncertainty estimations. In this approach, the subjective theory was employed for associating the Dirichlet distribution with
the predictions obtained from the neural network, treating them as subjective opinions. This allows us to model the overall uncertainty by parameterizing the class probabilities of sound source position using a Dirichlet distribution. Moreover, the reliable evidence supporting for the robust
and reliable sound source localization results can also be gathered by the proposed method. In sum, this approach enhances the robustness of the neural network when facing with the out-of-distribution samples. To comprehensively evaluate the proposed method in the aspect of accuracy and robustness,
extensive experiments were conducted on both simulated and real-world datasets. The proposed method outperforms other competing methods in the performance of robustness and reliability.
A bottom-up numerical model for wheel-rail contact to predict rail-way noise emission
Authors: VAN DAMME Bart , TAENZER Linus , TALLARICO Domenico , BERGAMINI Andrea , OUAKKA Slimane
Published: October 2024

Pass-by noise emission models are often based on measurement databases, yielding engineering models that are fast enough to calculate noise maps or to do predictions based on existing infrastructure. However, these cannot predict the effect of innovative components, either in the track
or in the rolling stock. Changing properties of a single component, e.g. damping of rail pads or the profile of a wheel, leads to a chain of coupled effects including the dynamics of the individual component, the contact force, the vibrational velocity, and finally the emitted noise. These
intricate interactions can only be captured by detailed numerical models. We present a step-by-step implementation that allows to predict the effect of changes on the component level on the pass-by noise emission. The model includes the finite element calculation of the mobility of track and
wheel separately, and uses these to derive the contact force from the combined roughness and train speed. Next, the vibration velocities of rails, sleepers, and wheels are used as input for a boundary element calculation of the noise emission. Pass-by measurement results validate the models,
and show good agreement if wheel-rail contact noise is dominant and secondary sources can be ignored.
Acoustic insights into the corn extrusion process for enhanced quality control
Authors: GOURISHETTI Saichand , CHAUHAN Jaydeep , KRüGER Tanja , GROLLMISCH Sascha , LIEBETRAU Judith , BöS Joachim
Published: October 2024

In industrial extrusion processes, a solid material is pressed through a die to obtain products of the desired shape and dimension. Fluctuations in the process parameters have a significant impact on the product quality. In food extrusion, the expansion noise at the die can serve as
an indicator of the stability of the process. This study employs microphones to characterize the corn extrusion process, focusing on correlating acoustic emissions with predefined process parameters such as feed intake and water content. Experimental data from laboratory and industrial settings
reveal distinct domain shifts, yet consistent findings confirm the distinguishability of various extrusion process parameters by analyzing acoustic emissions. Employing machine learning models, including support vector machines and convolutional neural networks, in conjunction with audio features
such as log Mel spectrograms, yields promising accuracies above 90\% in discriminating between standard and non-standard process parameters. The proposed acoustic quality control approach has the potential to enhance the stability of extrusion processes and contributes to the development of
automated monitoring systems in the field of food extrusion. This ensures consistent quality and reduced waste, ultimately leading to significant cost savings in production.
Loudness reduction of household refrigerator by structural modification
Authors: UEKAWA Kazuki , HARADA Itsuki , YOSHIDA Junji
Published: October 2024

In this study, loudness reduction of a household refrigerator was attempted by the structure modification. At first, loudness of the radiated noise was analyzed at various operational condition and the loudness was observed to be increased at a specific compressor rotational speed and
the large sound pressure level (SPL) at 100 Hz was the main factor. Through the vibration analysis of the refrigerator body, the SPL was found to be increased largely by the resonance between the compressor rotational order input force and the natural frequency of the refrigerator body. Then,
for the reduction of the sound, the rubber bush hardness of the compressor mount was softened and the loudness was decreased. However, the door vibration at low rotational speed was increased. Accordingly, we attempted to modify the body structure for the loudness reduction to compatible with
small door vibration. Vibration mode analysis indicated that the high contributing vibration behavior of the body increasing the loudness and a countermeasure was applied to constrain the behavior. Finally, the loudness was decreased about 30% and the vibration was not increased at the low
rotational speed by the countermeasure.
Heat transfers in heat exchangers in steady and oscillating flows
Authors: OLIVIER Côme , POIGNAND Gaëlle
Published: October 2024

Heat exchangers are a key constitutive element in thermoacoustic machines. Although they are required to operate with oscillating gas, their design is mostly guided by direct extrapolation of the knowledge applicable to steady flow heat exchangers, due to the lack of objective criteria
for the design of oscillating flow heat exchangers. Most of the works in the literature present theoretical or numerical results, but very few experimental data are available to confirm (or refute) the strong hypothesis leading to the extrapolation. This study presents the comparative measurements
of the heat transfers capabilities of triangular louvered fin heat exchangers in steady and oscillating flows under otherwise similar conditions.
Advancing cross-cultural soundscape research: updates from the Soundscape Attributes Translation Project (SATP)
Authors: ALETTA Francesco , OBERMAN Tin , MITCHELL Andrew , KANG Jian , SATP Consortium
Published: October 2024

The Soundscape Attributes Translation Project (SATP) addresses linguistic barriers in soundscape research, translating ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 descriptors into various languages for global use. This paper presents recent updates from national working groups, including translations in Turkish,
French, Indonesian, Albanian, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Dutch, and Spanish. A preliminary validation of all the current 18 SATP translations assesses cross-cultural robustness. SATP employs diverse methods for translation, fostering international collaboration. The preliminary validation
evaluates the reliability and validity of translated descriptors across languages. Most languages maintain the quasi-circumplex structure of the original soundscape model. English, Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, Dutch, German, Greek, Indonesian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish
achieve a "High" confidence level. French, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Portuguese, and Vietnamese show varying confidence levels, emphasizing the need for rigorous validation criteria. SATP advances global soundscape research, with updates from national working groups contributing to
cross-cultural relevance. Preliminary validation results affirm the quasi-circumplex structure's maintenance in most languages, emphasizing the project's commitment to comprehensive and globally applicable soundscape research instruments.
The Sherbrooke-Lyon Research Training Program in Acoustics - Projet Samuel de Champlain 2022-2024
Authors: EGE Kerem , BERRY Alain , ROBIN Olivier , PARIZET Etienne
Published: October 2024

We present the Sherbrooke-Lyon Research Training Program in Acoustics ("Projet Samuel de Champlain" 2022-2024, funded by the FRQNT: Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies), which brings together teams from Université de Sherbrooke and from Master
of Science in Acoustics of Lyon. This project aims to build a joint teaching program in acoustics through joint courses integrated into the graduate programs of the two institutions, research internships, and academic exchanges of students and researchers associated with the project. The joint
courses are based on existing activities at the two institutions, whose content and teaching methods (mainly online) are adapted to the project. In the last two academic years, students from Sherbrooke followed the sound perception course of Lyon in co-modal modalities; and conversely, students
from Lyon followed the smart acoustic lab module offered at UdeS in virtual mode. Three undergraduate students took also part in the program during their spring/summer internships (in the other partner lab, resp. CRASH and LVA), developing hybrid and virtual content (numerical laboratories).
The presentation will focus mainly on how such innovative collaboration modalities can be applied in the context of education and research at university.
Weight minimization of train floors with acoustic and structural constraints
Authors: ORRENIUS Ulf , WITSTEN Johan
Published: October 2024

For high-speed trains, high noise levels are generated in the bogie from wheel-rail contact and aero-acoustic sources. Manufacturers try to minimize the floor transmission to the interior, e.g. by applying damping layers or by other measures. For vehicle noise control measures, the
goal is often to achieve the sound reduction needed at lowest possible mass. Here, an optimization scheme is applied to minimize the mass of an extruded floor panel. Constraints are defined by limiting the maximum local floor deflection from passenger loads according to EN 12663-1 and the
A-weighted interior sound level. Recognizing the periodic nature of the floor structure, a Finite Element model of a single periodic cell is set up, using periodic boundary conditions and the floor sound reduction is determined using a Statistical Energy Analysis approach. An analytic beam
model is applied to determine the floor deflection from the passenger load. Design solutions meeting the constraints with the smallest possible mass are sought. Starting with a floor structure with 23.3 kg/m2, a final design with 18.0 kg/m2 is reached. In addition, the transmitted sound through
the floor is reduced by 8 dBA. Convergence from different starting points is verified.
Acoustics response of granular porous material: experiment and modeling
Authors: SHI Tongyang , MO Zhuang , SONG Guochenhao , BOLTON J. Stuart
Published: October 2024

Granular porous materials such as activated carbon have drawn increasing attention due to their good sound absorption performance at low frequency. However, some unique acoustical behaviors have been observed during sound absorption measurements of granular porous materials in impedance
tubes: e.g., circumferential edge-constraint effects, level-dependent absorption behavior, and time-dependent absorption behavior. In order to explain these observations, a 1-dimensional poro-elastic model was first applied to describe the sound propagation in granules stacked in a cylindrical
sample holder, as in a standing wave tube. Then this model was extended to a 2-dimensional finite difference (2DFD) model with depth-dependent stiffness of the granule stack considered by combining Janssen's model and Hertzian contact theory. The 2DFD model was validated with the measurements
of the granular porous materials, and it was found that the 2DFD model is a powerful tool to analyze the acoustic response of granular porous material, thus providing a means of characterizing the granular materials. In the present work, the above-mentioned experimental observations and the
2DFD model are introduced, and the experiment results are analyzed with the 2DFD model. Finally some future work on granular porous materials is introduced.
Investigation on enhancement of noise reduction of partially open windows and balconies through mock-up test
Authors: YUEN Gary K. C. , YEUNG David B. K.
Published: October 2024

Application of Acoustic Windows and Acoustic Balconies is a recent trend in Hong Kong to mitigate road traffic noise impact. In severe situations, enhancement is needed for the mitigation measures to provide additional improvement in acoustic performance. The performances of several
common enhancements including micro-perforated absorber panels, perforated absorption panels, and balcony sidewalls are investigated through 1:1 mock-up test. The mock-up test aimed to mimic the actual situation, by referencing the spatial relationship between line sources and receivers. International
standards are followed in the mock-up test, including ISO 16283-3: 2016 for microphone setting-out and BS EN 1793-3 for normalized traffic noise spectrum. Based on the mock-up test results, the research revealed that the enhancements' performance changes with line source orientation and suggested
the optimum usage of enhancements.
Preliminary comparison of soundscape preferences in community public spaces between the individuals with visual impairment and with normal vision
Authors: LI Zhongzhe , BA Meihui , LIAO Tongtong , LU Yunxia , HAN Yin , KANG Jian
Published: October 2024

Hearing is an important way for the visually impaired to perceive the environment, and the visually impaired have a different preference for urban soundscape than those with normal vision. Therefore, understanding the differences in the preference of the visually impaired and the normal
vision to the urban soundscape will help to create a sound environment that is suitable for both of them, so as to enhance the inclusiveness of the urban environment. This study took the community public spaces as the typical urban environment research object, and used the Evaluation Grid
Method (EGM) to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews on soundscape preferences of 20 visually impaired individuals and 25 individuals with normal vision. By sorting out the interview results, 18 soundscape attributes preferred by the visually impaired and 12 soundscape attributes preferred
by the normal vision individuals were extracted. Through comparison, it was found that visually impaired individuals have richer descriptions and preferences of soundscape compared to those with normal vision, and the particularity of their preference is mainly reflected in its semantics and
its promotion of spatial cognition of the visually impaired.
Experimental identification of the bending stiffness and damping of plates using the frequency-adapted virtual fields Method
Authors: MADINIER Nicolas , LECLèRE Quentin , EGE Kerem , BERRY Alain
Published: October 2024

Inverse vibroacoustic methods can be used to identify the complex bending stiffness of a plate from its vibratory response. This work focuses on the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) and the Force Analysis Technique (FAT). The VFM uses functions called virtual fields to solve the Principle
of Virtual Work, a weak form of equilibrium, and identifies complex bending stiffness. Here, the virtual fields are defined as piecewise functions over a surface smaller than the plate (virtual window). FAT uses a finite-difference scheme to discretize the fourth-order spatial derivatives
of the displacement in the local equilibrium of the plate and thus estimates the bending stiffness. The application of a finite-difference scheme creates a bias in the identified stiffness, which increases with frequency. The Corrected Force Analysis Technique (CFAT) corrects this bias in
the high-frequency domain. In this study, it is proposed to apply the CFAT principles to the VFM to adapt the method, using the virtual window size, so it can be applied it in the high-frequency domain. FAT, CFAT, the VFM and the Frequency-Adapted VFM will be presented. The method was tested
on experimental data to identify the complex bending stiffness of an aluminium plate partially covered with a damping material.
Experimental study of the influence of the plate temperature on the aeroacoustic field for a jet impinging on a slotted plate
Authors: AFYOUNI Nour Eldin , ELZOHBI Bilal , ASSOUM Hassan , ABED-MERAIM Kamel , ELHASSAN Mouhammad , SAKOUT Anas
Published: October 2024

Impinging jets are developing widely in the industry because of its substantial uses in many industrial applications and specifically cooling purposes. However, jets impinging on slotted surfaces can produce under certain conditions high noise, leading to acoustic nuisance. Aero-acoustics
in impinging jets have been under investigations and studies experimentally and numerically for many years. However, only few studies were carried on in order to investigate the influence of plate temperature on noise emission. In this paper, the correlation between the acoustic production
and the plate temperature has been studied. The experiments are carried out for two Reynolds numbers, Re = 3550 representing a peak in sound pressure levels and Re = 3750 representing a drop in sound pressure levels, at an impact distance L=4 cm. Acoustic, Thermal, and velocimetric measurements
were done using four different microphones, two infrared cameras, and PIV technique, respectively. Measurements were done simultaneously in order to correlate the phenomenon. Results showed significant variations in the sound pressure levels for the second Reynolds number. However, no variation
was detected for the first Reynolds number.
Delayed-X harmonic synthesizer cancelling narrow bandpass noises by control signals via aural cartilage conduction
Authors: SHIMOKURA Ryota , AZUMA Miyuki , SASAOKA Naoto , IIGUNI Youji
Published: October 2024

When a transducer is put on an aural cartilage, the transmitted vibration generates sound in the external auditory canal (i.e., cartilage conduction). A hearing device based on the cartilage conduction does not need occluding the external auditory canal. When an active noise control
can adapt only to unwanted noise, the device enables natural conversations with unprocessed voice in the noisy environment (selective cancelation). To accomplish the selective cancelation, we proposed delayed-X harmonics synthesizer (DXHS) algorithm to minimize the damage for the speech quality.
A target noise in this study was bandpass noise through a gammatone filter (center frequency: 500 Hz) overlapping the speech spectrum. After tracing the spectral envelope of the noise by using linear predictive coding (LPC), the DXHS outputted five pure tones distributed around the peak of
envelope, and each step size parameter was adjusted according to the amplitude of the envelope. As results, our proposed method showed the noise reduction of 11.3 dB maintaining the speech quality in the computer simulations. During the adaptation, the step size adjustment enabled round off
the spectral peak of the bandpass noise to avoid sharpening it.
Collaborative sound design for automotive applications - the sound for electric vehicle as an emblematic use case
Authors: MISDARIIS Nicolas , CERA Andrea , BARTHELEMY Romain , WORMS Laurent , PARDO Louis-Ferdinand
Published: October 2024

Within the automotive industry, the Electric Vehicle (EV) represents an incredible challenge and an extensive field of research for sound design developments and applications. In fact, conceiving the external sound of a silent and dynamic object moving in urban or rural environments
meets several important constraints: functionality, usability, aesthetics, identity, and of course, sustainability. Then, the multidisciplinary nature of this topic argues for a collaborative approach, in order to co-understand the problem and co-conceive the solutions. But, whereas design
has long been developing relevant research works and efficient methods for co-design, sound design still lacks references and tools for co-sound design. In a long-standing collaboration with a French car manufacturer, two recent - and still in-progress - projects have allowed to implement,
adapt and test in real life a collaborative sound design framework that was previously developed in a research context, and has since been instantiated in various other applications. This framework - based on a set of tangible intermediary objects and a digital sound lexicon expliciting sound
properties - will be presented. Its implementation will be detailed in a comparative approach. Its strengths and weaknesses will be developed in the light of some results obtained within both respective projects.
Low-complexity short-time acoustic scene classification based on causal convolutions
Authors: NING Weichen , ZHENG Weizhe , HOU Yuanbo , WEI Juan
Published: October 2024

Acoustic scene classification is vital for building smart cities. Most acoustic scene classification studies are performed by training convolutional neural networks. The networks constructed based on the general convolutional approach need to consider the temporal-frequency connections
in the audio spectrogram. This work proposes a bottleneck structure neural network model for acoustic scene classification based on causal convolution and Sub-spectral normalization to overcome the abovementioned problem. To obtain more sample data, a new mix-spec augmentation data enhancement
method is proposed by drawing on the existing classical mixup and spec augmentation methods, and the three are combined for sample augmentation. It was experimentally found that the proposed bottleneck structure helps improve the recognition accuracy and robustness of the model. In addition,
the ablation experiment showed that the data augmentation training model combined with the mixup, SpecAugment, and the newly proposed mix-SpecAugment method had the highest classification accuracy. Finally, the near-square audio spectrogram has better training results by employing different
shapes of audio spectrograms for the experiments. Compared with the baseline results, it is found that our proposed model significantly improved the accuracy of the baseline and reduced loss.
Investigation and comparison of heat pump noise in the lab and field
Authors: BRANDSTäTT Peter , KRäMER Michael , GOECKE David
Published: October 2024

The presentation covers a contribution from the publicly funded HP-QUEEN MENESA project on the characterisation of a heat pump in the laboratory with comparisons in the field at comparable operation conditions. The data in the lab are obtained from a hemi-anechoic chamber that is equipped
with temperature control to allow standardized measurements at -7 °C and 7 °C, for example. In this environment spherical sound radiation pattern are determined on a movable hemi-circle microphone arrangement allowing the assessment of source location and radiation contribution as
well as sound power determination at the different operation points of the heat pump. These data are compared and analysed to measurements with the same heat pump in the field at model houses at the Fraunhofer-IBP location in Holzkirchen. Furthermore, we are also investigating the transmission
path from the noise of the heat pump outdoors into the building taking sound reduction index of i.e., windows into account. It is planned to connect a psychoacoustic analysis together with a questionnaire to these investigations that allows assessment of the final sound characteristics inside
the building.