bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREGLED HVDC PRENOSA
Authors: Ubiparip Miljan , Marčetić Darko
Published: March 2020

Visokonaponski prenos jednosmjernom strujom (High Voltage Direct Current - HVDC) je bio alternativna metoda u prenosu električne snage sa jedne lokacije na drugu. Razvojem energetske elektronike otva­raju se nove primjene HVDC prenosa. U ovom radu su razmatrane bitne osobine HVDC prenosa, kao i primjena energetske elektronike u sistemima baziranim na ovoj tehnologiji. Naglašene su prednosti, kao i nedostaci u odnosu na naizmjenične sisteme. Na kraju će biti dat ostvrt na DC prenosne mreže.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN SISTEM MODERNISASI ADMINISTRASI PAJAK, KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN PENGETAHUAN PPN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Kumala Jaya Dessy Natalia
Published: March 2020

Rendahnya kesadaran wajib pajak membayar dan melaporkan pajak telah menjadi masalah yang cukup penting bagi negara maju maupun berkembang dalam aspek pajak, Fakta menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak di Indonesia masih sangat rendah dibanding dengan negara lain di Asia. Rendahnya kepatuhan wajib pajak dapat dilihat dan dikaji dari sisi kesadarannya melapor dan membayar pajak secara benar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji dan mengkaji pengaruh penerapan sistem modernisasi administrasi pajak, kualitas pelayanan, dan pengetahuan pajak pertambahan nilai terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kausal, dan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan cara mengumpulkan data primer dengan metode survei melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada setiap individu – individu yang berkerja di perusahaan yang merupakan Pengusaha Kena Pajak (PKP) yang berdomisili di provinsi DKI Jakarta. Hasil pengumpulan data primer tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan SmartPLS versi 3.2. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem modernisasi administrasi pajak dan pengetahuan pajak pertambahan nilai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Sedangkan hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak adalah berpengaruh tidak signifikan. The low awareness of taxpayers paying and reporting taxes has become an important issue for both developed and developing countries in the tax aspects. Facts show that taxpayer compliance rates in Indonesia are still very low compared to other countries in Asia. The low compliance of the taxpayer can be seen and reviewed from the side of his consciousness to report and pay taxes correctly.The purpose of this study was to examine and assess the effect of application of modernization system of tax administration, service quality, knowledge of value added tax on taxpayer compliance. The method used in this research is causative research. The data used in this study is the primary data. Data collection technique is done by collecting primary data in the form of questionnaires to individuals who work in taxable companies (PKP), domiciled in Jakarta. The primary data collection results were processed using SmartPLS version 3.2. The results of this study indicate that modernization system of tax administration and knowledge of value added tax have an influence on taxpayer compliance. While service quality have an insignificant effect on taxpayer compliance.
ANALISIS KAUSALITAS ANTARA IHSG, INDEKS DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE DAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH/US$
Authors: Natsir Khairina , Yusbardini Yusbardini , Bangun Nurainun
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan kausalitas antara IHSG, nilai tukar rupiah/US$  dan Indeks Global yang diwakili oleh Indeks Dow Jones Industrial Average. Penelitian mengambil sampel nilai-nilai variabel yang diteliti dengan periode data bulanan dalam periode Juli 2005-Desember 2018. Alat analisis menggunakan uji Engle-Granger untuk menginvestigasi  hubungan kausalitas.  Hasil Uji kausalitas Granger memperlihatkan terdapat hubungan dua arah atau saling mempengaruhi antara IHSG dengan nilai rupiah/US$. Selain itu ditemukan pula bahwa pergerakan Indeks Dow Jones Industrial  secara signifikan mempengaruhi kepada pergerakan IHSG dan nilai tukar rupiah/US$, tetapi sebaliknya pergerakan yang terjadi pada IHSG dan nilai tukar tidak mampu mempengaruhi gerakan indeks Dow Jones Industrial. Hasil Uji kointegrasi Johansen memperlihatkan bahwa semua variabel penelitian mempunyai  hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang yang signifikan. This study aims to investigate the causality relationship between the CSPI, the exchange rate of rupiah / US $ and the Global Index represented by the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The study sampled variable values studied with monthly data periods in the period July 2005-December 2018. The analysis tool uses the Engle-Granger test to investigate causality relationships. Granger causality test results show there is a two-way relationship or influence each other between the CSPI with the value of rupiah / US $. In addition it was also found that the movement of the Dow Jones Industrial Index significantly affected the movement of the JCI and the exchange rate of the rupiah / US $, but conversely the movements that occurred on the JCI and the exchange rate were unable to influence the movement of the Dow Jones Industrial index. Johansen's cointegration test results show that all research variables have a significant long-term balance relationship.
Factores que determinan la evasión del impuesto a la renta: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Borja Borja Fernando Marcelo , Ortega Pereira Jaime Roder
Published: March 2020

La presente revisión identifica los factores que determinan la evasión que se ha investigado en la literatura académica, desde Enero 1991 a Junio de 2018 que se verifico como el periodo de mayor producción científica sobre la evasión tributaria, para identificar los factores que contribuyen a la evasión del impuesto a la renta. Finalmente concluimos que las teorías han ido evolucionando y han incorporado nuevas variables con el fin de ajustarlas y perfeccionarlas, sin embargo, los países en vías de desarrollo no se puede aplicar ciertos principios como el del arbitraje, ya que no están globalizados por lo que las teorías no se podrían probar del todo, es importante el factor humano en la decisión de evasión y esto conlleva una serie de perspectivas desde el punto de vista de la psicología social, que deberían ser enfocadas para fortalecer las actuales teorías y principios.
Aproximación al Análisis de Benchmark sobre Asistentes Virtuales
Authors: Gónzalez Avila Nicol , López Martínez Ignacio , Hernández García Noé
Published: March 2020

Los Asistentes Virtuales son herramientas integradas con inteligencia artificial. Tecnologías que ayudan a los usuarios a obtener información de bases de datos y ejecutar aplicaciones; mediante la comunicación de lenguaje natural usuario/asistente. Se presentan las características de los dispositivos físicos, Echo Dot para Alexa y Google Home Mini para Google Assistant. Obteniendo información de la funcionalidad y manejo en los asistentes mencionados. Se utilizará un Benchmark, que realizará una comparación entre los asistentes y mostrará las funcionalidades de los dispositivos.
INSTRUMENTALIDAD DE LA FUNCIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA PARA EL LOGRO DE LA JUSTICIA SOCIAL
Authors: Delpiazzo Carlos
Published: March 2020

En esto estudo se intentará avanzar en la conceptualizacion de Derecho Administrativo con el destaque de la trascendencia jurídica de la justicia social, sus amenazas actuales y los requerimientos que el bien común impone para su efectiva realización. Pero, el principal enemigo del justicia social és la corrupción política. El principal antídoto contra la corrupción en pos de la justicia social y del consiguiente aseguramiento y garantía de todos y cada uno de los derechos humanos, es la Etica. Se impone avanzar en la edificación del nuevo Derecho Administrativo fundado en la imprescindible reafirmación de la centralidad de la persona y de la servicialidad administrativa para el logro de la justicia social.
Analysis of the Effect of Cross-sectional Area on Water Flow Velocity by Using Venturimeter Tubes
Authors: Sultan Ana Dhiqfaini , Rizky Rizky , Hidayat Hidayat , Mulyani Sri , Yusuf Wahdah Anugrah
Published: March 2020

This simple experiment with title  the analysis of the effect of cross-sectional area on air flow velocity using a venturimeter tube with aim to know the relation between section wide, speed of water flow and water level in capillary pipes and to know basic principle of Bernoulli and the application in simple set. The activity was reading water level of capillary pipes the caused by changes of water flow that started from heavy, medium, and low. Then analyzed the data that got for every changes of water flow that started from count the different water level in capillary pipes on big pipes and small pipes after that looking for speed of fluid flow on both pipes. Based on analyze data as a result relation between section wide, speed of water flow and water level in capillary pipes that was as bigger of section wide then the speed of water flow was getting smaller and the level water in capillary pipes was getting taller. This is appropriate with Bernoulli principle that states an increase in the speed of a fluid on a pipe with decrease in pressure and in reverse.Keywords: Venturimeter Tube, Cross-Sectional Area, Speed Of Water Flow, Water Level, Principle Of BernoulliEksperimen sederhana ini berjudul analisis pengaruh luas penampang terhadap kecepatan aliran air dengan menggunakan Tabung Venturimeter yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara luas penampang, Kecepatan aliran air dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler serta untuk mengetahui prinsip dasar hukum Bernoulli dan penerapannya dalam rangkaian sederhana. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah membaca ketinggian air pipa kapiler yang disebabkan dari perubahan laju aliran air dimulai dari deras, sedang dan rendah. Kemudian menganalisis data yang diperoleh untuk setiap perubahan laju aliran air yang dimulai dari menghitung perbedaan ketinggian air pipa kapiler pada pipa besar dan pipa kecil setelah itu mencari kecepatan aliran fluida pada kedua pipa. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hubungan antara luas penampang, kecepatan aliran air dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler yakni semakin besar luas penampang pipa maka kecepatan aliran air pada pipa semakin kecil dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler semakin tinggi. Hal ini sesuai dengan bunyi asas Bernoulli yang menyatakan bahwa semakin besar kecepatan fluida dalam suatu pipa maka tekanannya makin kecil dan sebaliknya makin kecil kecepatan fluida dalam suatu pipa maka semakin besar tekanannya.Kata kunci: Tabung Venturimeter, Luas Penampang, Kecepatan aliran air, Ketinggian air, hukum Bernoulli
Turning The Tide on Private Profit-Focused Provision In Early Childhood Education
Authors: Mitchell Linda
Published: March 2020

The article analyses a market-based approach to early childhood education (ECE) provision and the growth of for-profit ECE provision, evidence about ‘quality’ and accessibility, and problems occurring when a need for private profit conflicts with the best interests of families and children. The issue of for-profit provision is set within the context of international developments and solutions in Europe, UK, US and Canada. Immediate steps that might be taken for a democratic system of community-based and public early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand are pinpointed. Overall, the article offers possibilities for asserting democratic values as a way towards alternatives in Aotearoa New Zealand’s early childhood education provision.
How the Learning Story Framework can be Enhanced to Provide Better Assessment Information to Support Planning for Children’s Further Learning: A Critique of the Reliability and Formative Validity of Learning Stories in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Wanoa Louise , Johnston Michael
Published: March 2020

Learning stories are the predominant method of assessment in the Aotearoa/New Zealand early childhood education sector. In the present paper, we argue that, while learning stories appropriately emphasise what children can already do, also describing their challenges in learning stories could contribute to planning, independent learning, motivation and self-assessment. Drawing on the first author’s professional experience as an early childhood teacher, a critique of the three components of learning stories’ practice – notice, recognise, and respond – is used to put forward a case for effective strategies to enhance the validity and reliability of these assessments. These components are deployed sequentially in the learning stories assessment process to serve the formative purpose of the approach. The notice component includes a familiar observer, informal sharing of observations and watchful listening to achieve descriptive validity, and the use of children’s own words to achieve interpretative validity. The ‘recognise’ component involves peer review, multiple perspectives, and child plus parental feedback to achieve construct validity. The ‘respond’ component draws attention to multiple perspectives input to achieve accuracy as a property of validity. The application of each strategy also improves the reliability of learning story assessments.
Ensuring Māori student success and inclusion of te aō Māori through initial teacher education
Authors: McRae Hiria , Averill Robin
Published: March 2020

Teacher commitment to Te Tiriti o Waitangi is emphasised within the latest Code of Professional Responsibility and Standards for the Teaching Profession (Education Council, 2017). Teachers must explicitly demonstrate commitment to tangata whenuatanga and Te Tiriti o Waitangi. This mandate is encouraging for Māori education needs and aspirations. We describe the use of a culturally sustaining teacher practice framework to examine Māori education policy implementation implications within an initial teacher education te ao Māori course. We explain how course content, delivery and assessment aspects can be critiqued and policy implications identified to illustrate the usefulness of the framework for teacher educators and practising teachers. We demonstrate how the framework can be a useful tool for teacher educators to examine culturally sustaining practice in preparing themselves and student teachers to work effectively with indigenous learners.
Study of PAN Fiber and Iron ore Adsorbents for Arsenic Removal
Authors: Bhatti Zulfiqar Ali , Qureshi Khadija , Maitlo Ghulamullah , Ahmed Shoaib
Published: March 2020

The main idea to conduct this study is the treatment of hazardous arsenite (As+3)  and arsenate (As+5)from water by two efficient adsorbetns i.e. polyacrylonitrile fiber (organic) and iron ore (inorganic). Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were chemically modified prior to loading iron using a solution of diethylenetriamine and aluminum chloride hexahydrate. The characterization of PAN fibers was performed through FTIR spectroscopy, which shows the binding of functional groups on PAN fibers surfaces. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to analyze arsenic concentration in samples. The impact of pH, dosage, shaking (contact) time and shaking speed was studied and parameters were optimized for further study. The highest adsorption of 98% is exhibited by modified PAN fiber for As+5 while for As+3 removal is 80%. Modified PAN also showed higher adsorption capacity of 42×103μg/g for As+5 which is better than the As+3 adsorption capacity 33×103 μg/g. Overall results demonstrated that MPAN adsorbent is better than the iron ore adsorbent for the treatment of both As+3 and As+5. Comparative studies of PAN Fiber and iron ore adsorbents revealed that PAN fibers had better adsorption properties than iron ore for As+3  and As+5 in terms of percentage removal and capacity.
Tensile Testing of Soils: History, Equipment and Methodologies
Authors: Al Houri Ausamah , Habib Ahed , Elzokra Ahmed , Habib Maan
Published: March 2020

Tensile strength of soil is indeed one of the important parameters to many civil engineering applications. It is related to wide range of cracks specially in places such as slops, embankment dams, retaining walls or landfills. Despite of the fact that tensile strength is usually presumed to be zero or negligible, its effect on the erosion and cracks development in soil is significant. Thus, to study the tensile strength and behavior of soil several techniques and devices were introduced. These testing methods are classified into direct and indirect ways depending on the loading conditions. The direct techniques including c-shaped mold and 8-shaped mold are in general complicated tests and require high accuracy as they are based on applying a uniaxial tension load directly to the specimen. On the other hand, the indirect tensile tests such as the Brazilian, flexure beam, double punch and hollow cylinder tests provide easy ways to assess the tensile strength of soil under controlled conditions. Although there are many studies in this topic the current state of the art lack of a detailed article that reviews these methodologies. Therefore, this paper is intended to summarize and compare available tests for investigating the tensile behavior of soils.
UI Error Reduction for High Spatial Visualization Users when Using Adaptive Software to Verify Addresses
Authors: Patanasakpinyo Thitivatr , Miller Les
Published: March 2020

An adaptive software system is known as an application that can adapt itself based on different conditions of users. There are multiple conditions/criteria that can be used to direct how an application would adapt. Spatial visualization (VZ) is one of several human spatial abilities that is used to predict human’s performance when using a computer application. Therefore, a difference in VZ level is a suitable choice as an adapting indicator, i.e., high VZ and low VZ users should get different features on a user interface (UI) to complete the same task. In this paper, we look at three studies where we asked participants to verify a set of housing addresses using a location-based application on an Android tablet with different versions of the application, especially, an adaptive version of the application was involved in the last study. We found that, for high VZ participants, the number of UI errors that participants created was significantly smaller when they were equipped with the adaptive software. We refer to a UI error (User Interface Error) as an error where a user tapped on a non-sensitive region of the screen. The results of the three studies and hypothesis tests for significance are reported.
A Study of Machine Learning Algorithms on Email Spam Classification
Authors: Sutta N , Liu Z , Zhang X
Published: March 2020

Despite the fact that different techniques have been developed to filter spam, due to the spammer’s rapid adoption of new spam detection techniques, we are still overwhelmed with spam emails. Currently, machine learning techniques are the most effective ways to classify and filter spam emails. In this paper, a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the performance of various classification models on the 2007 TREC Public Spam Corpus are exhibited in various cases of without or with N- Grams as well as using separate or combined datasets. It is shown that the inclusion of the N-Grams in the pre-processing phase provides high accuracy results for classification models in most of the cases, and the models using the split approach with combined datasets give better results than models using the separate dataset.
Productivity Comparison among Software Projects
Authors: Lopez-Martin Cuauhtemoc
Published: March 2020

Software engineering management (SEM) involves as activities to planning, coordinating, measuring, monitoring, and controlling. Since maximizing productivity is related to the highest value with lowest resource consumption, a factor taken into account in these activities is productivity, which includes total effort used to satisfy the exit criteria of a software process. In recent years, productivity has been studied from several points of view; therefore, the contribution of this study is analyze its variability by classifying the software projects based on their size measure, type of development, development platform, and programming language type such that the SEM activities are more objective. In this study, data sets of software projects were selected from the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group Release 2018 for performing the following three experiments between types of development, and by type of size measure: (1) independent of both the type of development platform and of the programming language type, (2) dependent of the type of development platform, and independent of the programming language type, and (3) dependent of both the type of development platform and of the programming language type. Results show the statistically significant differences by experiment.
Influence on the environment of the flood protection measures on the Dnister River near Sambir (Lviv region)
Authors: Mykhnovych Andriy
Published: March 2020

The object of study is the environment within the territory of the dikes, sluices, pipe water passes, riverbank walls constructing and other hydrotechnical measures in the Upper Dnister valley and its left tributary Chukivka (Oreb) near Sambir. The aim of the study is the analysis of the possible expected impacts on the environment of constructing and exploitation of hydrotechnical buildings in Ralivka and Zadnistrya villages (southern Sambir suburb). The main methods of research are field investigation, mapping, photofixation, cartographical and statistical analyses. The input data are technical characteristics of the planed objects and measures, profile departmental information on the environmental components and ecosystems state. The information about the Dnister riverbed state, the character of the riverbed processes, erosion have been worked out. The resistance of different components of the environment against the planned measures and hydrotechnical building is analyzed. As the results of research, some recommendations and protective measures for minimization of negative ecological effects for floodplain and riverbed ecosystems have been substantiated. During the first year, the intensive sheet erosion is predicted and sediments runoff will increase during the intensive rain. Also, the local air temperature will increase. Temporary local climate changes can negatively impact on some biological species of the bank ecosystem. By degrees, the riverbank will be renewed in natural vegetation and local climate changes will become weaker. In the riverbed and floodplain, some reformation of the cross-sections and the riverbed relief forms will occur. So, the sediments balance in the Dnister and Chukivka riverbeds will be changed. In consequence of these processes, the sediments runoff will considerably increase in the Dnister downstream. The planed activity and described processes will not have considerable negative effects upon the flood plain and river valley biotopes. It is important for biodiversity and landscape diversity saving.
Key words: flood protection, inundation, riverbed, floodplain, dikes, hydrotechnical engineering, regulating, Dnister River.
Ortsteins in the sod-podzolic pseudogleyed soils of the Beskydy Precarpathians
Authors: Pankiv Zinoviy , Kalynych Olena
Published: March 2020

On the basis of morphological and laboratory-analytical researches it is established that in the profile of sod-podzolic pseudogleyed soils of the Beskydy Precarpathians are formed ortsteins that have clear outer contours, concentric inner structure with alternation of rust-red circles. Two ranges for the formation of ortsteins in the investigation soils were established: in the overiluvial part of the profile and the transition to the rock horizon. Within the НЕgl horizon, the content of ortsteins is 2.8 %, and in the fractional composition, the fraction is from 2.1 to 3.0 mm (37.5 %). The highest content of ortsteins (7.7 %) is characteristic of the Ehgl horizon, within which the fraction from 7.1 to 10.0 mm (27.2 %) prevails. Within the Pigl horizon, large ortsteins of 1.0 to 5.0 cm in size are oval and tubular with a concentric inner structure, and their content is 17.6 %. Ortsteins in the sod-podzolic pseudogleyed soils were formed as a result of alternation of redox conditions with the participation of specific, nonspecific microflora and glesish-eluvial, segregation processes of soil formation. The small ortsteins in the overiluvial part of the profile are the result of modern soil formation, and the large ones within the Pigl horizon are relict and associated with the early stages of soil formation in the Precarpathians.
In order to identify the genesis and elemental composition, a plate of tubular ortstein with a diameter of 1.2 cm, which was selected from the Pigl horizon (220–240 cm), was made. In different parts of the plate, differing in colour, four points up to 1 μm in size (two against a light background and two against a dark one) were selected, within which elemental composition was determined by micro-X-ray spectrometry. The measurements were performed on a scanning electron microscope REM-106 (Ukraine) with a resolution of 5 nm and an energy-dispersive X-ray detector. The study of ortstein using a scanning electron microscope revealed that the formation of black rings within the tubular ortstein is due to an increase in the percentage of Manganese in 1.6–3.4, Aluminium in 1.4–2.3 and Calcium in 2.1–5.4 times. The percentage of Ferum in different parts of the ortstein is approximately the same, which determines its rusty-brown colour.
Key words: ortsteins, sod-podzolic pseudogleyed soils, Beskydy Precarpathians, the accumulation factor, electron-scanning microscope.
FACTORS INFLUENCING AN EFL LEARNER’S PROFICIENCY: AN ENGLISH TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pariyanto Pariyanto , Pradipta Bramatya
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the factors affecting an EFL learner's success in learning English. An experienced English teacher was chosen as a model of a successful learner of English and was interviewed on how she learned English. The findings indicate that the factors contributing to her success in learning English include (1) internal motivation, (2) social context, and (3) a positive attitude towards English. The findings of this study are in line with second language learning theories. This implies that such factors as motivation, social context, and positive attitude towards target language need to be taken into account to succeed in learning English as a foreign language.
Análisis polínico de mieles inmaduras en el sector oeste de las yungas de Jujuy (Argentina).
Authors: Mendez Magali V. , Sanchéz Ana C. , Flores Fabio F. , Lupo Liliana C.
Published: March 2020

Con el objetivo de conocer los recursos nectaríferos utilizados por Apis mellifera L. en el sector oeste de las Yungas, se examinaron 14 muestras de miel inmadura y dos de miel madura correspondientes a los períodos apícolas 2011–2012 y 2012–2013, pertenecientes a un apiario de la localidad de Tilquiza (Jujuy). Las muestras fueron procesadas de acuerdo a las técnicas melisopalinológicas convencionales con posterior acetólisis. Se identificaron un total de 53 tipos polínicos pertenecientes a 31 familias botánicas, siendo las familias con mayor riqueza polínica Asteraceae y Fabaceae. Se identificaron como recursos dominantes a Crinodendron tucumanum en setiembre de 2011, Blepharocalyx salicifolius en noviembre y diciembre de 2011 y al tipo Scutia/Condalia en octubre de 2012. Como aportes secundarios se registraron a Allophylus edulis, Zanthoxylum, Parapiptadenia excelsa, Baccharis, Gnaphalium, Eucalyptus y tipo Cissus, destacándose la influencia de la flora nativa de las Yungas. A partir de este estudio se pudo conocer la dinámica del ingreso de néctar a la colmena y valorar aquellos recursos que no se encuentran presentes en las mieles maduras y que son de importancia para el desarrollo de la colmena.
THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON INCOME INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Alamanda Alamanda
Published: March 2020

Income inequality and poverty have become key issues in development studies since the 1970s. Although theoretically there are various factors associated with the incidence of poverty and income inequality, choices regarding the types and structure of government expenditure are often quoted as one of the crucial determinants. However, the evidence is still inconclusive, and the research about these issues in the case of Indonesia is still minimum. This paper tries to contribute to the discussion by analysing a panel data set of 33 provinces from 2005 to 2017 to examine the effect of different types of government expenditure on income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. Using the fixed effect, random effect, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) system, this paper finds that social aid, subsidy and grant expenditure have an insignificant effect on reducing income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. However, the empirical evidence suggests that infrastructure spending has a negative correlation with income inequality in urban areas (when using the random effect model), and rural areas (when using the fixed effect model). In addition, infrastructure expenditure is also negatively and significantly correlated with poverty in Indonesia, and the impact is more significant in rural than urban areas.
Potential and pitfalls of big transport data for spatial interaction models of urban mobility
Authors: Oshan Taylor M.
Published: March 2020

Massive amounts of data that characterize how people meet their economic needs, interact within social communities, and utilize shared resources are being produced by cities. Harnessing these ever-increasing data streams is crucial for understanding urban dynamics. Within the context of transportation modeling it still remains largely unknown whether or not these new data sources provide the opportunity to better understand spatial processes. Therefore, in this paper, the usefulness of a recently available big transport dataset - the New York City (NYC) taxi trip data - is evaluated within a spatial interaction modeling framework. This is done by first comparing parameter estimates from a model using the taxi data to parameter estimates from a model using a traditional commuting dataset. In addition, the high temporal resolution of the taxi data provide an exciting means to explore potential dynamics in movement behavior. It is demonstrated how parameter estimates can be obtained for temporal subsets of data and compared over time to investigate mobility dynamics. The results of this work indicate that a pitfall of big transport data is that it is less useful for modeling distinct phenomena; however, there is a strong potential for modeling high frequency temporal dynamics of diverse urban activities.
Process indicator-of-scale metrics – PRISMs
Authors: Oshan Taylor M. , Wolf Levi John
Published: March 2020

Process indicator-of-scale metrics – PRISMs
The Effect of Siri’s Marriage on Government Administration
Authors: Razak Muhammad Rais Rahmat
Published: March 2020

Impact or influence of siri marriage on government administration in Maiwa district, Enrekang Regency ". Theresearch aims 1) To find out the siri marriage in Maiwa district 2) To find out government administration inMaiwa district 3) To find out the influence or impact of siri marriage on government administration in MaiwaDistrict, Enrekang Regency. The method used is descriptive quantitative research with frequency table analysistechniques to determine the condition of independent and dependent variables namely siri marriage as a variable"X" and government administration as a variable "Y", while to know associative variables using Simple LinearRegression Analysis. The results showed that the siri marriage in Maiwa District was caused by adultery,divorce, polygamy and the number recorded in the last 3 years was 42 couples.
Economic Inequality in Preindustrial Germany, ca. 1300 – 1850
Authors: Alfani Guido , Gierok Victoria , Schaff Felix
Published: March 2020

This article provides an overview of economic inequality in Germany from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century. It builds upon data produced by the German Historical School, which from the late nineteenth century pioneered inequality studies, and adds new archival information for selected areas. Inequality tended to grow during the early modern period, with an exception: the Thirty Years’ War (1618-48), together with the 1627-29 plague, seem to have caused a temporary but significant phase of inequality reduction. This is in contrast to other European areas, from Italy to the Low Countries, where during 1500-1800 inequality growth was monotonic. Some evidence of a drop in inequality is also found after the Black Death of 1348-49. Our findings contribute to deepen and nuance our knowledge of long-term inequality trends in preindustrial Europe, and offer new material to current debates on the determinants of inequality change in western societies, past and present. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
From Workers to Capitalists in Less Than Two Generations: A Study of Chinese Urban Elite Transformation Between 1988 and 2013
Authors: Yang Li , Novokmet Filip , Milanovic Branko
Published: March 2020

Economic and social transformation of China during the past 40 years is without precedent in human history. While the economic transformation was extensively studied, social transformation was not. In this paper, we use for the first time harmonized household surveys covering the period 1988-2013 to study the changes in the characteristics the richest 5 percent of China’s urban population. We find that the elite changed from being composed of high government officials, clerical staff, and workers in 1988 to professionals and small and large business owners in 2013. The educational level of the elite increased substantially. Membership in CCP has a positive (albeit small) effect on one’s income but is particularly valuable to large business owners. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
GAMBARAN AKSES VIDEO PORNOGRAFI PADA REMAJA DI SMP NEGERI 9 PEKANBARU
Authors: Arieska Tia , Sari Siska Mayang , Anggreny Yecy
Published: March 2020

Pada masa pubertas remaja mudah terpengaruh pada lingkungan yang buruk. Adanya teknologi  di masa sekarang ini dikembangkan untuk tujuan yang positif, namun terkadang dalam hal ini remaja tersebut menggunakannya ke arah yang negatif, salah satunya adalah akses pornografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran akses video pornografi pada remaja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel 258 remaja kelas VII dan VIII di SMP Negeri 9 Pekanbaru yang diambil menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai tengah usia remaja adalah 13 tahun. Jenis kelamin mayoritas adalah laki-laki dengan jumlah 142 (53.0%) responden. Alat untuk akses video pornografi sebagian besar menggunakan smartphone yaitu 241 (58.9%) responden. Durasi remaja saat akses video pornografi terdapat nilai tengah yaitu 5 menit/akses dan nilai tengah frekuensi yaitu 5 kali/bulan. Lokasi saat askes video pornografi sebagian besar remaja memilih di rumah dengan jumlah 206 (55.0%) responden. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa banyaknya akses video pornografi dikalangan remaja. Diharapkan agar orang tua dapat lebih memantau anaknya agar tidak terjerumus ke arah yang negatif
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Fitrianingsih Rahmah , Dewi Yulia Irvani , Woferst Rismadefi
Published: March 2020

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mudah menular dan mematikan juga merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh.Kelompok yang rentan adalah IRT. Hal ini disebabkan perilaku pencegahan yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 orang responden yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi menggunakan teknik cluster sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk variabel faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat menunjukkan mayoritas IRT berada dalam rentang usia 26-35 tahun (37%), beragama Islam (94%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (46%), istri yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (88%), dan suami yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (95%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan (p value 0.023) dan pendidikan ( p value 0.004) terhadap perilaku pencegahan. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah sikap (p value 0.199), ekonomi (p value 0.641) dan lama menikah (p value 0.275) terhadap perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan IRT lebih peduli terhadap kesehatannya dengan melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS.
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU DENGAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI VAKSIN DT PADA BULAN IMUNISASI ANAK SEKOLAH
Authors: Pratiwi Yuliani Putri , Mitra Mitra , Marni Erna
Published: March 2020

Difteri dapat menyebabkan kematian karena menyerang saluran pernapasan dengan menimbulkan sesak  napas. Difteri dapat dicegah melalui pemberian imunisasi vaksin DT. Cakupan imunisasi DT di Kota Pekanbaru masih rendah yaitu 73,89%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan pemberian imunisasi vaksin difteri tetanus (DT) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lima Puluh Kota Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan teknik sampling systematic random sampling dengan menyebarkan kueioner sebanyak 193 kueisioner kepada ibu yang memiliki anak kelas 1 SD, analisis data menggunakan uji ­chi-square. Proporsi imunisasi vaksin DT yaitu 79,8%, sebagian besar ibu memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 63,2% dan sikap positif sebanyak 75,1%. Hasil bivariat didapatkan adanya hubungan pengetahuan dengan pemberian imunisasi vaksin DT (p value: 0,008) dan tidak terdapat hubungan sikap dengan pemberian imunisasi vaksin DT (Pvalue: 0,455). Untuk itu, kepada tenaga kesehatan disarankan memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang manfaat imunisasi vaksin DT, kandungan, waktu, dan durasi pemberian vaksin DT kepada ibu yang memiliki anak usia sekolah untuk meningkatkan status kelengkapan imunisasi.
HUBUNGAN KUNJUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KESEMBUHAN PASIEN RISIKO PERILAKU KEKERASAN DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA TAMPAN PEKANBARU
Authors: Putri Juliana , Marni Erna , Adila Dian Roza
Published: March 2020

Gangguan jiwa merupakan keadaan seseorang yang memiliki gangguan pada fungsi mental, yang meliputi emosi, fikiran, kemauan, motivasi, keinginan, perasaan, dan persepsi sehingga mengganggu individu tersebut dalam proses kehidupan dilingkungan masyarakat. Keluarga merupakan bagian terpenting dalam kesembuhan pasien jiwa, sehingga pasien jiwa merasa diperhatikan oleh keluarganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kunjungan keluarga terhadap kesembuhan pasien risiko perilaku kekerasan, dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah responden 30 orang. Teknik yang digunakan yaitu total sampling. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan koesioner. Dari hasil uji  chi square dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kunjungan keluarga terhadap kesembuhan pasien risiko perilaku kekerasan dengan p value 0,002 < 0,05. Kepada pihak Rumah Sakit Jiwa Tampan Pekanbaru untuk menetapkan ideal kunjungan keluarga dan membuat buku kunjungan keluarga pada setiap ruangan rawat inap dan juga memaksimalkan fungsi dari buku kunjungan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Tampan, serta memotivasi keluarga supaya keluarga ingin mengunjungi anggota keluarganya yang berada di Rumah Sakit Jiwa.
Subkultury młodzieżowe jako forma protestu wobec reżimu autorytarnego (na przykładzie Ukrainy radzieckiej w latach 1950-1980)
Authors: Soroka Svitlana
Published: March 2020

W artykule poddano analizie przyczyny pojawienia się subkultury młodzieżowej na Ukrainie w latach 50. XX wieku. Zbadane są główne typy stowarzyszeń subkulturowych, ideologiczne pozycje ich członków i cechy aktywności. Autor pokazuje ewolucję subkultury młodzieżowej, w zależności od charakteru zmian społeczno-politycznych w kraju, i analizuje główne sposoby walki władzy przeciwko subkulturom młodzieżowym. Określono rolę młodzieżowej subkultury w społeczeństwie autorytarnym na przykładzie Ukrainy radzieckiej w latach 1950-1980.
Conceptual Model of Reintegration of Ukrainian Displaced Universities: Peacebuilding in Higher Education
Authors: Terepyshchyi Serhii , Khomenko Gleb
Published: March 2020

The main functions of a higher education institution in the society of the 21st century are the dissemination of knowledge, the production of scientific research activities, international cooperation, the development and implementation of innovations, the development of human capital, the enhancement of moral values, the harmonious formation of personality based on humanistic ideas, etc. Carrying out these functions, higher education has an accentuated effect on the human mind, changing its attitude to the world around it. Today, obtaining a higher education is important not only in the context of the prospect of successful employment, but also in the context of the development of personal thinking.
Influence of probiotic complex on productive performance and metabolism in growing pigs
Authors: Magomedaliyev I. M. , Nekrasov R. V. , Chabaev M. G. , Dzhavakhiya V. V. , Glagoleva E. V. , Kartashov M. I.
Published: March 2020

Topicality. To date, an extensive scientific and practical material has been accumulated to study the effectiveness of probiotic feed additives in the feeding of farm animals. Some mechanisms of their action on the animal body have been studied, positive effects have been established, which are expressed in improving the microbial balance of the intestine, increasing the protective properties of the body, and realizing the productive qualities of animals. It is necessary to study the effectiveness of the use of probiotic complexes in comparison with the action of antibiotic-containing drugs.

Methodology. It was studied the probiotic complex of Enzymsporin containing a consortium of bacteria of the genus Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis VKM B-2998 D, Bacillus licheniformis VKM B-2999 D, Bacillus subtilis VKM B-3057D) at least 5x109 CFU/g was studied in comparison with antibiotic-containing drug Virginiamycin in feeding fattened young pigs. The studies were carried out on four groups (30 heads in each group) of growing pigs in the conditions of LLC “Bryansk meat processing plant” and in the laboratories of L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry. The duration of the experiment was 113 days.

Results. During the studies, the control group of animals received compound feeds without probiotic additives, while the animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received compound feed with the addition of probiotic complex in an amount of 0.5 and 1.0 kg/t, the 4th experimental group of pigs received compound feed with the addition of antibiotic-containing drug Virginiamycin 250 g/t. By the end of the study, the live weight and average daily increments of experimental animals increased by 5.0; 6.0; 10.02 and 5.8; 6.5; 12.2% (p < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control. Biochemical, morphological, immunological blood indices corresponded to physiological norms, the inclusion in the feed of pigs fed different levels of probiotic complex has led to a significant increase lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activity of blood in animals 2nd and 3rd groups during rearing. Additional profit for the period of research was in the experimental groups of fattened young pigs +705,0; +849,0 and 1440.0 rubles/ head, accordingly, in comparison with the control, which indicates the effective use of not only antibiotic-containing drugs in feeding pigs, but also suggests the effective use of probiotics instead of antibiotic-containing feed preparations.
Morpho-biological and productive features of strawberry varieties (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. ex Weston)
Authors: Makhmarasulov S. S. , Enileev N. Sh. , Sultonov K. S.
Published: March 2020

Methods. A scientific study on the cultivation of remontant varieties of garden strawberries and on their basis planting material was carried out at the experimental field of the Tashkent State Agrarian University of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2018–2019. The experiment involved such varieties of garden strawberries as Bountiful, Redgauntlet, Cobra, Tarpan, Avis Delight, Evie 2, which were grown both in open and protected soils. Studies have revealed that most varieties of garden remontant strawberries have the weak whiskers formation ability.

Results. However, when growing a mother plantation in a condition of greenhouse, the ability of intensive formation of whiskers, their growth and rooting of rosettes, in comparison with the open ground increases two to three times and can reach 25–28 pieces per individual plant. The average yield of berries in the mother bush plantation depending on the variety used when growing plants in the greenhouse can reach 3.2–3.4 kg/m2.
Implementasi Simple Additive Weighting Penentuan Prioritas Penanganan Sumber Air Bersih
Authors: Yulianingsih Evi , Oktaviani Nia , Ependi Usman
Published: March 2020

Clean water is the need of every human being, for that the necessity of clean water is a priority for the government in providing services. The current problem is the lack of clean water that has not been evenly distributed due to government limitations. For that reason, in providing services, it must be according to priority in order to have a broad impact on the community. For this reason, in this research the development of an information system can be used to assist in determining priorities in handling clean water sources. In the development process the waterfall method is used while the determination of priorities uses simple additive weighting. The results showed that the simple additive weighting method can provide a clear value in determining the priority of clean water handling. This condition can be seen from the existing process in the information system, which starts from weighting, filling the survey value to simple additive weighting calculations. besides that, the information system can run well in accordance with the expected proven by the results of testing using black box testing to get the test results received
delitos informáticos en el Código Penal Italiano
Authors: Fusco Leandro Ezequiel
Published: March 2020

En el presente se aborda una cuestión de derecho comparado, más precisamente deItalia, y que resulta sumamente importante en la actualidad. Me refiero a los delitosinformáticos.La importancia de su estudio excede la mera curiosidad intelectual o la habitual ideadel estudio del derecho comparado, puesto que con las tecnologías actuales, muchos de losdelitos informáticos pueden cometerse en un lugar y causar sus efectos en otro.De ese modo, se exponen aquí, los tipos penales más importantes de la legislaciónitaliana en la materia que fueran incluidos en 1993 y reformados en 2008 para tener unaperspectiva de sus estructuras, sanciones y modos de ejecución.Para finalizar, y ya evaluadas las objeciones constitucionales que se presentan, seformula un análisis crítico de los institutos.