bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial velocity variability fractions of different types of hot subdwarf stars
Authors: He Ruijie , Meng Xiangcun , Lei Zhenxin , Yan Huahui , Lan Shunyi
Published: December 2024

Context. It is generally thought that hot subdwarfs are helium-core- or helium-shell-burning objects with extremely thin hydrogen envelopes and that binary interactions are always needed in their formation. Different types of hot subdwarfs may have different origins, which will cause them to present different radial velocity (RV) variability properties.

Aims. We plan to study the RV-variability fractions of different types of hot subdwarfs, as well as their distributions in the Teff − log g diagram. This provides insights into the formation of hot subdwarfs.

Methods. The cross-correlation function method was adopted to measure RV variations in 434 hot subdwarfs based on spectra obtained with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey were also used to search for short-period binary hot subdwarfs.

Results. Only 6 ± 4% of our single-lined He-rich hot subdwarfs that only show spectroscopic features of hot subdwarfs are found to be RV variable, which is lower than the fraction of single-lined He-poor sdB stars (31 ± 3%). Single-lined sdB stars with effective temperatures (Teff) ∼ 25 000–33 000 K show an RV-variability fraction of 34 ± 5%, while lower RV-variability fractions are observed for single-lined sdB stars cooler than about 25 000 K (11 ± 4%), single-lined sdB/OB stars with Teff ∼ 33 000–40 000 K and surface gravities ∼ 5.7–6.0 (13 ± 3%), as well as single-lined sdO/B stars with Teff ∼ 45 000–70 000 K (10 ± 7%). Single-lined hot subdwarfs with Teff ∼ 35 000–45 000 K located above the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) show a similar RV-variability fraction of 34 ± 9% as single-lined sdB stars at about 25 000–33 000 K. The largest RV-variability fraction of 51 ± 8% is found in single-lined hot subdwarfs below the canonical EHB. The detected RV-variability fraction of our composite hot subdwarfs with an infrared excess in their spectral energy distributions is 9 ± 3%, which is lower than that fraction of single-lined hot subdwarfs. Since the average RV uncertainty we measured in the LAMOST spectra is about 7.0 km/s, the lower detected RV-variability fraction for composite hot subdwarfs is expected because the RV amplitudes associated with long-period systems are lower.

Conclusions. The results here are generally consistent with the canonical binary evolution channels for forming hot subdwarfs. Most single-lined He-rich hot subdwarfs may form through merger channels, while the stable Roche-lobe overflow channel could play an important role in the formation of composite hot subdwarfs. Single-lined hot subdwarfs with Teff ∼ 35 000–45 000 K located above the EHB may have an evolutionary connection to the sdB stars at about 25 000–33 000 K. The different detected RV-variability fractions for the different subclasses of single-lined hot subdwarfs indicate that their formation channels may differ.
Giant exoplanet composition
Authors: Howard S. , Helled R. , Müller S.
Published: December 2024

Context. Revealing the internal composition and structure of giant planets is fundamental for understanding planetary formation. However, the bulk composition can only be inferred through interior models. As a result, advancements in modelling aspects are essential to better characterise the interiors of giant planets.

Aims. We investigate the effects of model assumptions such as the interior structure and the hydrogen–helium (H–He) equation of state (EOS) on the inferred interiors of giant exoplanets.

Methods. We first assessed these effects on a few test cases and compared H–He EOSs. We then calculated evolution models and inferred the planetary bulk metallicity of 45 warm exoplanets, ranging from 0.1 to 10 MJ.

Results. Planets with masses between about 0.2 and 0.6 MJ are most sensitive to the H–He EOS. Using a H–He EOS that properly models the warm dense matter regime reduces the inferred heavy-element mass, with an absolute difference in bulk metallicity of up to 13%. Concentrating heavy elements in a core, rather than distributing them uniformly (and scaling opacities with metallicity), reduces the inferred metallicity (up to 17%). The assumed internal structure, along with its effect on the envelope opacity, has the greatest effect on the inferred composition of massive planets (Mp > 4 MJ). For Mp > 0.6 MJ, the observational uncertainties on radii and ages lead to uncertainties in the inferred metallicity (up to 31%) that are larger than the ones associated with the used H–He EOS and the assumed interior structure. However, for planets with 0.2 < Mp < 0.6 MJ, the theoretical uncertainties are larger.

Conclusions. Advancements in EOSs and our understanding of giant planet interior structures combined with accurate measurements of the planetary radius and age are crucial for characterising giant exoplanets.
Revolutionizing Financial management: Unleashing the power of AI for Sustainable Growth
Authors: Bhokare Arati S. , Patil Snehal D. , Kulkarni Praveen. M.
Published: December 2024

By cultivating more sustainable, effective, and efficient corporate practices, artificial intelligence (AI) reinvents financial management. Contemporary finance includes AI as an existential component. The cornerstone technology of the industrial revolution and technological revolution is artificial intelligence. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping financial management by transforming how firms make choices, allocate resources and control risk. As companies face increasing pressure to integrate sustainability into their operations artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key tool for resolving complex environmental concerns and improving financial performance. AI-powered analytics can help businesses detect and assess ecological issues, optimize resource allocation, and speed up financial processes like forecasting, auditing, and budgeting. This strengthens decision-making and increases operational efficiency by providing real-time insights on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors. AI also helps businesses, investors, and creditors. This research paper explores the literature on the transformative Power of AI in financial management, examining its role, applications, benefits, and challenges. It investigates AI’s impact on financial forecasting, portfolio optimization, risk management and compliance.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Dual-Band Fractal Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications
Authors: Benkhadda Omaima , Reha Abdelati , Saih Mohamed , Harrou Meryama
Published: December 2024

This article presents the design of a dual-band antenna operating at 28 GHz and 39 GHz. The antenna is structured in the form of a Cantor set fractal with a ground plane featuring a strategically placed slot, which lowers the frequency of the first band to 28 GHz and introduces a second band at 39 GHz. The antenna dimensions are compact, measuring 5 × 6 × 0.508 mm3, and it achieves a maximum gain of 7 dBi with a high radiation efficiency of 99%. The antenna maintains a stable radiation pattern across both frequency bands, making it suitable for millimeter-wave 5G applications, where high data rates and reliable connectivity are crucial.
Design of Patch antenna with Various shapes and various feeding techniques for IoT in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band
Authors: Harrou Meryama , Benkhadda Omaima , Saih Mohamed , Rhazi Youssef , Reha Abedelati
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces the design and feeding techniques of microstrip patch antennas with triangular, circular, and rectangular shapes, optimized for operation within the 2.45 GHz ISM band and tailored for IoT applications. The 2.45 GHz ISM band supports a variety of IoT protocols, including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Thread, and RFID, each offering distinct functionalities for applications ranging from smart home automation to advanced connected health systems. The study focuses on the pivotal role of feeding techniques in antenna performance, categorizing them into contact methods (such as coaxial feed and microstrip line) and non-contact methods (such as aperture coupling and proximity coupling). Utilizing the transmission line method for initial design and the method of moments for parameter optimization, the performance of each antenna shape is rigorously compared in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, and bandwidth. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the efficacy of different geometrical shapes and feeding mechanisms, empowering designers to select suitable configurations for specific IoT requirements, thus enhancing the development of efficient and reliable wireless communication solutions in the 2.45 GHz ISM band.
Research on the Disadvantages of Registration System and the Benign Development Path of Enterprise Delisting Based on Luckin Coffee
Authors: Fan Zhanshuo
Published: December 2024

Based on the case of Luckin Coffee’s listing, financial fraud, delisting, restructuring and recovery, this paper comprehensively discusses the potential drawbacks of registration system in terms of insufficient information disclosure, lack of market supervision and increase of short-term speculation. This paper deeply analyzes the risks caused by the failure of the registration system to effectively protect the interests of small and medium investors while lowering the listing threshold and reveals how the enterprises under the registration system mislead the market by exaggerating the performance, resulting in significant losses for investors. In addition, this paper discusses in detail how Luckin Coffee’s business model adjustment after delisting, including supply chain optimization, product innovation and digital transformation strategies, can help it regain market trust and achieve profit growth again. Through the analysis of these strategic initiatives, this paper provides useful reference and enlightenment for other enterprises facing similar challenges, especially how enterprises can achieve sustainable development through technological innovation and steady expansion in the fierce market competition.
Research on the Product Pricing Strategies of Luckin Coffee
Authors: Zhou Xinyu
Published: December 2024

With the rapid growth of the Chinese coffee market over the past few decades, a number of excellent coffee brands have emerged, and market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Understanding the pricing strategies of major players becomes crucial, especially for new brands entering the market. This paper discusses the pricing strategies Luckin Coffee adopted, the cost analysis of its products in the competitive coffee market in China, and its pricing strategies. According to the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the result shows that Luckin Coffee uses a unique pricing strategy that is relatively cheaper than other brands. This is essential for attracting young and price-sensitive consumer groups. By introducing frequent discounts, Luckin Coffee successfully differentiates itself from other traditional coffee chains, thus enlarging its market share at a dramatic speed. This paper also points out the challenges Luckin Coffee faces when it offers competitive prices while remaining profitable, and how its innovative business model helps it ease this problem.
Research on Gambling Risk Identification and Guiding Strategy of Consumers’ Correct Consumption Concept in Blind Box Marketing in China
Authors: Yang Yuqing
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of technology has profoundly transformed lifestyles worldwide, and China is no exception. Coupled with the “Chinese Miracle” and the One-Child Policy, these advancements have led to significant changes in living standards and income levels, bringing both advantages and challenges. This paper explores the potential gambling risks associated with the growing trend of blind box consumption in China, offering strategies to encourage more rational consumer behaviour. The blind box market, which has surged in popularity, is heavily influenced by social media, where collectors frequently display their figurines. This trend has created a booming demand that often outpaces supply, leading to shortages and prompting other industries to adopt similar marketing strategies. The paper delves into the psychological allure of blind boxes, drawing parallels with gambling behaviours and highlighting the potential dangers for consumers, particularly younger individuals. By examining these risks, the study aims to provide insights into how consumers can be guided toward more informed and responsible purchasing decisions. This research contributes to the broader understanding of consumer behaviour in the context of rapidly evolving markets and offers practical recommendations for fostering a healthier consumption culture in China.
Research on insurance pricing under option game based on Black-Scholes model
Authors: Zhang Yicheng
Published: December 2024

The pricing of insurance products has always occupied a central position in the insurance business and has long been an important focus of academic research. With the development of theory, the combination of option theory and game theory provides a new analytical perspective for insurance pricing. Specifically, insurance can be viewed as a kind of option so that the strategies in option game theory can be applied to determine a reasonable premium level. In this context, this study aims to explore in depth how option game theory can be applied to the insurance pricing problem. First, this paper defines insurance as a special form of option and tries to borrow the classical option pricing model, i.e., the Black-Scholes model, to explore the insurance pricing problem in this new perspective. The Black-Scholes model is an important tool in the field of option pricing, through which a reasonable insurance pricing approach can be derived. Secondly, this paper further introduces the concept of game theory and constructs a basic framework of games in insurance pricing. In this framework, the interaction between insurance companies and policyholders is regarded as a game process, and the decision-making behavior of both parties directly affects the price formation of insurance. Game theory provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the pricing mechanism in the insurance market. Finally, this paper focuses on the potential application of American put options in insurance pricing based on option game theory.
Game theory: Central government should regulate the development of dual-nuclei cities
Authors: Chen Xiang
Published: December 2024

The dual-nuclei structure, which means two considerable cities in one region, is typical in urban agglomerations. However, relevant studies have long lacked exploration of the game relationship between the two cities. Studies about dual-nuclei structure from game theory may offer some suggest the healthy development of dual-nuclei regions. This article will focus on building simplified models of dual-nuclei structure by using Guangzhou-Shenzhen’s relevant data in decades. In the study, cities are divided into two types, which are the center city and the port city. By using game trees to explore the fitness relationship of dual-nuclei cities, the study has found that the overall benefit is not always optimal when the dual-nuclei cities’ relationship reaches Nash equilibrium. It came out that cities tend to compete for their own benefit though it is harmful to the overall interests of the region in trading areas. It may approach the optimal benefit in the education area, but there still exists the risk of vicious competition. Therefore, governments need to regulate the differential development of dual-nuclei cities by adopting different economic and educational policies for different cities.
Research on Returns and Volatility Correlations of High-Speed Railway and Related Industries Based on GARCH- Models
Authors: Liu Zhaofang
Published: December 2024

Volatility and correlation play a significant role in research on the stock market, and they are also be employed to forecast the future trend. This paper conducts a financial test of the volatility of stocks of High-speed rail industry upstream and downstream in China by applying multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic Models. Sample data used in this paper are China Securities Index (CSI) 500 Electric Power Equipment Index, CSI High-Speed Railway Industry Index and CSI Tourism Thematic Index. This paper takes daily closing price within the period of 5 years of these three indexes as the object of research. The empirical results show that the distributions of returns exhibit characteristics such as negative skewness, leptokurtosis, and asymmetric distribution. The predicted result of Conditional Mean Equation shows that the returns of one- period lag of CSI High-Speed Railway Industry Index influences CSI 500 Electric Power Equipment Index as well as CSI Tourism Thematic Index have an impact on CSI High-Speed Railway Industry Index significantly. The dynamic conditional correlation coefficient of CSI High-Speed Railway Industry Index and CSI Tourism Thematic Index is positive throughout the entire sample period. Therefore, investor can take these two stocks into consideration together to reduce investment risk.
Study on Employment Pressure on Chinese College Students and Constructing Higher Education Strategies in The Post—Epidemic Era
Authors: Huang Xia , Liu Yanqin , Deng Chao , Guo Ying , Xu Yimeng
Published: December 2024

During the post epidemic era, Chinese university students are confronted with multiple pressures regarding employment, including unprecedented competition, significantly elevated employment thresholds, a pronounced tendency towards limited job options, and a growing number of students with inadequate employability skills. This paper aims to analyze the current employment situation of university graduates and its underlying causes, while proposing corresponding solutions, in an effort to provide a reference for higher education institutions in enhancing their graduate employment education initiatives.
Bericht aus der Praxis – 12 Jahre ärztliche Adipositas-Nachsorge mit
dem Online-Portal rehasonanz.de. Bessere Langzeitergebnisse seit Einführung
eines zusätzlichen Typ-2-Diabetes-Risikoscreenings
Authors: Gesser Udo , Asmussen Marten
Published: December 2024

Seit Anfang 2010 befindet sich das wissenschaftlich evaluierte
online-Nachsorgeportal für adipöse Patientinnen und Patienten (rehasonanz.de) in
der klinischen Anwendung. Folgend einer 3-wöchigen Schulungsphase im Rahmen
eines stationären Eltern-Kind Heilverfahrens wurden bislang 1519 Patientinnen
bis Oktober 2023 für 1 Jahr ärztlich nachbetreut. Seit Anfang 2017 wurde,
fokussierend auf Typ-2-Diabetes (DM2) Prävention im Rahmen des stationären
Aufenthaltes, die Diagnostik um ein Diabetes-Screening mit dem
FINDRISK-Fragebogen, sowie der Bestimmung der Nüchtern Plasma Glukose und des
HbA1c erweitert. Die DM2-Screening-Gruppe zeigt bessere Ergebnisse hinsichtlich
der 1-Jahres Adhärenz (18% vs. 26%) sowie der Gewichtsreduktion (6,8% vs. 8.8%).
Subgruppen mit moderat bis hohem Diabetes Risiko nach FINDRISK, sowie
Patientinnen, bei denen im Rahmen der Labordiagnostik eine gestörte
Glukosetoleranz erstmals dokumentiert wurde, zeigten noch darüberhinausgehende
Verbesserungen der Ergebnisse. Es ist zu vermuten, dass die Bewusstmachung des
persönlichen Risikoprofils bezüglich DM2 bzw. seiner Vorstufe positive Effekte
im Hinblick auf Adhärenz und Gewichtsreduktion im Rahmen der Langzeit-Nachsorge
bei Adipositas hat.
Modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren zur Konsensfindung für die Konzeption eines bundesweiten Curriculums für minimalinvasive und roboterassistierte Chirurgie in Deutschland (GeRMIQ)
Authors: Huber Tobias , Weber Julia , Nickel Felix , Matthaei Hanno , von Bechtolsheim Felix , Flemming Sven , Fuchs Hans Friedrich , Grade Marian , Hummel Richard , Krautz Christian , Stockheim Jessica , Thomaschewski Michael , Wilhelm Dirk , Kalff Jörg C.
Published: December 2024

Die rasante Entwicklung der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie (MIS) und der roboterassistierten Chirurgie (RAS) erfordert eine standardisierte Weiterbildung, um eine qualitativ hochwertige Patientenversorgung sicherzustellen. In Deutschland mangelt es bislang an einem einheitlichen Curriculum, das diese spezialisierten Fähigkeiten vermittelt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Konsensfindung für die Entwicklung eines bundesweiten Curriculums für MIS und RAS mit der anschließenden Umsetzung der konsentierten Inhalte.

Ein modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren wurde angewandt, um einen Konsens unter nationalen Expert*innen für MIS und RAS zu erzielen. Der Prozess umfasste eine Literaturrecherche, eine Onlineumfrage und eine Expertenkonferenz.

Alle 12 eingeladenen Expert*innen nahmen an der Umfrage teil, erreichten primär in 73% und sekundär im Rahmen der Expertenkonferenz bei 95 von 122 Fragen (77,9%) einen Konsens. Die Präferenz für ein Basiscurriculum als Fundament, auf dem spezialisierte Module aufbauen können, wurde besonders deutlich. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Entwicklung eines integrierten Curriculums für MIS und RAS, das eine schrittweise Ausbildung vom theoretischen Wissen über E-Learning-Module bis hin zu praktischen Fertigkeiten in Dry-Lab-Simulationen und im OP beinhaltet. Betont wurde die Notwendigkeit, das klinische Urteilsvermögen und die Entscheidungsfindung durch gezieltes Assessment während der Lernkurve zu fördern, um eine effektive Anwendung der erlernten Fähigkeiten in der klinischen Praxis sicherzustellen. Einigkeit bestand auch darüber, dass die Ausbildungsinhalte anhand objektiver Leistungsbewertungen gemäß dem Prinzip der Proficiency-based Progression (PBP) auf den Kompetenzerwerb
der Lernenden abgestimmt werden müssen. Die kontinuierliche Aktualisierung des Curriculums, um es an den neuesten technologischen Stand anzupassen, wurde als wesentlich erachtet.

Die Studie unterstreicht die dringende Notwendigkeit eines standardisierten Weiterbildungscurriculums für MIS und RAS in Deutschland, um die Patientensicherheit zu erhöhen und die Qualität der chirurgischen Versorgung zu verbessern. Für die Implementierung eines solchen Curriculums besteht ein breiter Expertenkonsens. Ein solches Curriculum zielt darauf ab, eine zeitgemäße und international konkurrenzfähige einheitliche Qualität der Ausbildung zu gewährleisten und die Attraktivität der chirurgischen Ausbildung zu steigern.
Improved outcomes of endoscopic treatment for delayed perforation following endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Kitagawa Daiki , Uedo Noriya , Hanaoka Noboru , Kanesaka Takashi , Tani Yasuhiro , Okubo Yuki , Asada Yuya , Ueda Tomoya , Kizawa Atsuko , Ninomiya Takehiro , Ando Yoshiaki , Tanabe Gentaro , Fujimoto Yuta , Hitoshi Mori , Kato Minoru , Yoshii Shunsuke , Shichijo Satoki , Yamamoto Sachiko , Higashino Koji , Michida Tomoki , Ishihara Ryu , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: December 2024

Emergency surgery is usually required for patients with delayed perforation after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, cases of successful endoscopic treatment recently have been reported. Here, we elucidated the usefulness of endoscopic intervention for patients with delayed perforation.

Patients who underwent gastric ESD from 2005 to 2022 were assessed for eligibility. Delayed perforation was defined as no intraprocedural perforation after the ESD but subsequent development of peritoneal irritation and free air on computed tomography scan. Participants were divided into early- and late-period groups based on time (October 2015) of implementation of the polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet and the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) in clinical practice. We evaluated changes in incidence of required surgery.

Among the 5,048 patients who underwent gastric ESD, delayed perforation occurred in 28 patients (0.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4%-0.8%). Incidence of delayed perforation did not differ significantly between the early- and late-period groups (0.5% vs. 0.6%). The proportion of patients who underwent surgery was significantly smaller in the late-period group than in the early-period group (54% vs. 13%, odds ratio [OR] 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.83; P = 0.042); this was confirmed by multivariate analysis (adjusted OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.002–0.9; P = 0.043) after adjustment for age, sex, Charlson’s comorbidity index, tumor location, and size.

Endoscopic intervention using PGA sheets and OTSC was associated with a low incidence of required surgery for delayed perforation after gastric ESD and is recommended.
Apps zur Gewichtsreduktion: Qualität, Nutzen, Empfehlungen
Authors: Holzapfel Christina
Published: December 2024

Digitalisierung spielt zunehmend auch in der Prävention und Therapie von Adipositas eine Rolle. Vor allem nutzen Betroffene mobile Applikationen (Apps), die sich mit den Elementen Ernährung, Bewegung und Verhalten beschäftigen und unterschiedliche Funktionen wie Selbstbeobachtung, Zielsetzung, Feedback und Edukation aufweisen. Generell ist zwischen Lifestyle-Apps, Digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) und digitalen Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsangeboten zu unterscheiden. Die Studienlage bezüglich der Wirksamkeit von digitalen Interventionen auf das Körpergewicht ist sowohl limitiert als auch heterogen. Zudem fehlt es vor allem an Langzeitdaten. Für DiGAs sowie im Rahmen von systematischen übersichtsarbeiten und Meta-Analysen konnte gezeigt werden, dass App-basierte Interventionen einen moderaten Gewichtsreduktionseffekt aufweisen, der vergleichbar mit dem Effekt von "face-to-face"-Interventionen ist. Zugleich deutet die Datenlage darauf hin, dass vor allem eine Kombination aus digitalen Interventionen und persönlicher Verhaltensintervention vielversprechend ist. Die detaillierte Untersuchung der Effektivität, aber auch der Vor- und Nachteile von Gesundheits-Apps sowie deren zielgruppenspezifischer Einsatz ist aktueller Forschungsgegenstand.
Digitale Transformation im Krankenhaus: der Mensch im Zentrum des Wandels
Authors: Liebert Elisabeth , Bures Dominik , Ruoff Pia , Sander Jil
Published: December 2024

Die Integration von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Krankenhauswesen bietet große Chancen zur Effizienzsteigerung und Qualitätsverbesserung in der Versorgung von Patient*innen. Sie birgt aber auch Herausforderungen, wie die Bereitstellung von hochwertigen, repräsentativen Daten, um die Technologie anzulernen. Projekte wie SmartHospital.NRW zeigen, wie KI-basierte Systeme den Klinikalltag durch (Teil-)Automatisierung, z.?B. bei der Erstellung von Entlassbriefen oder in Form von Assistenzsystemen, verbessern können. Instrumente wie der KI-Readiness-Check unterstützen Kliniken bei der Transformation. Ziel ist es, die Idee vom Krankenhaus der Zukunft zu verwirklichen, das durch KI sowohl effizienter als auch menschlicher wird, indem es mehr Raum für direkte Interaktion mit den Patient*innen schafft und die Zufriedenheit der Patienten und Patientinnen, der Angehörigen und des Personals erhöht.
Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Carcinoma: Exploring the Coexistence of Differentiated and Dedifferentiated Anaplastic Elements—Critical Insights from a Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Das Aditi , Thakur Ajay Singh , Meshram Wahne Abhilasha , Agrawal P. C. , Sridhar Aarti
Published: December 2024

Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare thyroid malignancy, constituting <2% of all thyroid carcinomas. It is an aggressive tumor, manifesting as a rapidly growing neck mass with compressive symptoms. Given that ATC often arises from dedifferentiation of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC), it is also possible that WDTC and ATC elements coexist, necessitating a clear distinction between WDTC with anaplastic transformation and pure ATC, due to significant differences in prognosis and treatment. Emphasizing the significance of cytological evaluation, particularly with the assistance of fine-needle aspiration, we present three cases that underscore the importance of timely detection for achieving precise diagnoses and guiding subsequent management decisions.
Eco-Friendly Medical Conferences: From Principle to Practice
Authors: Koikkara Kirti Anna , Pendharkar Hima , Irodi Aparna , Nair Rohit Puthan Veettil , Yadav Nishtha , Chellathurai Amarnath , Keshava Shyamkumar N.
Published: December 2024

The large number of medical conferences held per year has a significant impact on the environment. Climate change and global warming then lead to deleterious effects on human health. We aim to highlight that it is our responsibility as doctors to promote eco-friendly events and encourage sustainable practices, thus reducing harm to our environment. Management committees of conferences can take a few steps toward this with specific planning and effort. In this study, possible steps toward achieving this goal have been highlighted, such as conducting hybrid events, locally sourcing products, and avoiding single-use plastic.
CECT and CT Perfusion Correlation with Pathological Differentiation of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancers: Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Northeast India
Authors: Phukan Himraj , Lynser Donboklang , Daniala Chhunthang , Raphael Vandana , Harris Caleb , Chakraborty Suvamoy
Published: December 2024

Introduction Pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas, included under head and neck cancers, pose a significant challenge in India, accounting for around one-third of all cancer cases. Noninvasive techniques like contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and CT perfusion (CTp) can help explore the correlation between tumor differentiations, which can greatly benefit in the diagnosis, understanding of recurrence postintervention, and monitoring of the progress of the disease.

Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 18 months in a tertiary care center of northeast India with a sample of 40 patients. CECT and CTp were done and the variables were correlated with pathological differentiation of tumors.

Results The mean age of the study population was 54 years. No statistically significant associations were noted between the age, size, margins, location, and T-staging of tumors with the pathological differentiation of tumors. However, significant association was found between the CTp parameters, namely blood flow (BF), blood volume, mean transit time, time to drain, and time to peak with respect to the pathological differentiation of tumors (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The addition of CTp to conventional CT sequences in the evaluation of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers offers significant benefits in understanding the tumor physiology and behavior.
Deep Learning for Detecting and Subtyping Renal Cell Carcinoma on Contrast-Enhanced CT Scans Using 2D Neural Network with Feature Consistency Techniques
Authors: Gupta Amit , Dhanakshirur Rohan Raju , Jain Kshitiz , Garg Sanil , Yadav Neel , Seth Amlesh , Das Chandan J.
Published: December 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to explore an innovative approach for developing deep learning (DL) algorithm for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) detection and subtyping on computed tomography (CT): clear cell RCC (ccRCC) versus non-ccRCC using two-dimensional (2D) neural network architecture and feature consistency modules.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study included baseline CT scans from 196 histopathologically proven RCC patients: 143 ccRCCs and 53 non-ccRCCs. Manual tumor annotations were performed on axial slices of corticomedullary phase images, serving as ground truth. After image preprocessing, the dataset was divided into training, validation, and testing subsets. The study tested multiple 2D DL architectures, with the FocalNet-DINO demonstrating highest effectiveness in detecting and classifying RCC. The study further incorporated spatial and class consistency modules to enhance prediction accuracy. Models' performance was evaluated using free-response receiver operating characteristic curves, recall rates, specificity, accuracy, F1 scores, and area under the curve (AUC) scores.

Results The FocalNet-DINO architecture achieved the highest recall rate of 0.823 at 0.025 false positives per image (FPI) for RCC detection. The integration of spatial and class consistency modules into the architecture led to 0.2% increase in recall rate at 0.025 FPI, along with improvements of 0.1% in both accuracy and AUC scores for RCC classification. These enhancements allowed detection of cancer in an additional 21 slices and reduced false positives in 126 slices.

Conclusion This study demonstrates high performance for RCC detection and classification using DL algorithm leveraging 2D neural networks and spatial and class consistency modules, to offer a novel, computationally simpler, and accurate DL approach to RCC characterization.
Cervical Cancer Screening: Comparing PAPs Smear with VIA/VILI in Semiurban Women of Delhi
Authors: Sarbhai Vinita , Aggarwal Shreshtha
Published: December 2024

Introduction Screening with PAPs smear for screening of cervical cancer has been the gold standard for many years in high-income countries but has still not been successful in low- and middle-income country like India due to unavailability at public ground level. Thus, a simple, effective, and low-cost alternative to cervical cytology for cervical cancer prevention is urgently needed for high-risk, low-resource settings.

Objectives The aim was to compare the efficacy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) with the PAP smear for screening precursor intraepithelial lesions and early signs of cervical cancer, and to evaluate their potential as alternative screening methods to the PAP smear in a semiurban population in Delhi.

Material and Method A total of 127 married, nonpregnant patients between 18 and 65 years were randomly selected from gynecology outpatient department. Then, PAP smear samples were taken from all patients followed by VIA and VILI. Biopsies were then taken from those who showed positive findings in either of the screening methods. Out of these, 50 PAP and VIA-negative women were included as a control group. The diagnostic accuracy of VIA and VILI was compared with PAP smear, for diagnosis of precancerous lesions.

Results VIA and VILI results were positive in 22 patients out of 127 (17.3%). PAP cytology report showed epithelial cell abnormality in 13 cases (10.2%) with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 1 case, atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance in 4 cases, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 3 cases, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 5 cases. PAP smear had showed better specificity (90.79%) and less sensitivity (85.71%) as compared with VIA and VILI method. Sensitivity of VIA was 100% and specificity was 80.26%. Similar parameters were seen with the VILI method also. The overall p-value for all the parameters of either screening method was > 0.05; hence, both methods are comparable for screening.

Conclusion VIA and VILI can be employed as initial screening tools in place of PAP smear, particularly in countries with limited resources or developing regions.
Nonlinear sound pulse in a metal
Authors: Fil’ V. D. , Gaiduk A. L. , Denisenko V. I.
Published: December 2024

Appreciable nonlinear distortions of the envelope of a sound pulse propagating in a metal have been observed. The distortions are accompanied by the generation of acoustic noise.
Nonlinear magnetization of metal films in weak magnetic fields
Authors: Mikitik G. P. , Nedorezov S. S. , Zinchenko E. P.
Published: December 2024

We study the field dependence of the contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of metal films which does not oscillate with a changing magnetic field. The field is assumed small and parallel to the film. When the thermodynamic perturbation theory is applicable we obtain formulas for the regular part of the electron magnetization of a film with an arbitrary surface potential. It is shown that at low temperatures, the field dependence of the film magnetization is more pronounced than the magnetization of bulk metals.
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of uniaxially compressed ln4Se3 layered crystals
Authors: Anders É. E. , Volchok I. V.
Published: December 2024

The low-temperature thermal conductivity along and across the layers of In4Se3 crystals uniaxially compressed in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane is investigated. The role of the factors that may be responsible for the decrease observed to occur in the thermal-conductivity anisotropy upon the deformation of the crystals is discussed. Some procedural details of the experiment under compression conditions are presented.
Steady-state properties of Josephson junctions with direct conductivity
Authors: Zubkov A. A. , Kupriyanov M. Yu. , Semenov V. K.
Published: December 2024

A new criterion for determining the kinetic inductance of Josephson junctions is introduced. The effects of temperature T, the critical temperatures of the superconducting electrodes Tc1 and Tc2, and the weak-link length on the kinetic inductance of “dirty” junctions with direct conductivity are analyzed within the framework of the Usadel equations. Numerical calculations show that both a large characteristic voltage and a nearly harmonic dependence of the current on the phase difference of the superconducting-electrode wave functions cannot be obtained by varying the junction parameters.
Acoustic harmonic generation in superconductors
Authors: Shumeiko V. S.
Published: December 2024

The generation of ultrasonic harmonics in a pure superconductor is investigated under conditions such that the Andreev mechanism of entrainment of resonant excitations by the acoustic field is significant.
Critical current of pure SNS junctions
Authors: Golub A. A. , Bezzub O. P.
Published: December 2024

The boundary conditions at the interface between a superconductor and a normal metal are determined. Taken into account here is the difference in the effective masses and the densities of states of the metals comprising the junction, which are assumed pure. The potential barrier of the SN interface is chosen to be zero. Conservation of the electron momentum components parallel to the interface is taken into account. The critical SNS contact current is calculated.
Dualities and applications of the new integral transform
Authors: Halouani Borhen , Ailawalia Praveen , Abdallah A. M.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the Abdallah group transform, a new integral transform for solving differential, partial, and integral equations, which is a generalization of the Jafari and polynomial integral transforms. High accuracy, efficiency, and simplicity are demonstrated by applying the suggested integral transform.
Enhanced red emission in perovskite light-emitting diodes via F-PEI additive
Authors: Wen Yan , Shao Yi , Guan Xuanxuan , Cao Jihua
Published: December 2024

Mixed halogen perovskite materials show good application potential in the field of light-emitting diodes. However, due to non-radiative recombination of defect states in perovskite films, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and stability of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still lag behind traditional LEDs. Herein, we modulated the perovskite crystallization process by adding fluorinated polyethylenimine (F-PEI) into the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in perovskite films with smaller grain sizes, smoother surfaces, and lower defect density. These improvements significantly improve the photoluminescence efficiency of perovskite films and the performance of corresponding diode devices, with the peak EQE of PeLEDs reaching 20.89% at 668 nm. In addition, the F-PEI additive improves the thermal stability of the device and extends the operating life of the device. This shows the potential of this additive to improve the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes.
Sabah’s hidden giant: Nepenthes pongoides (Nepenthaceae), a micro-endemic tropical pitcher plant from northern Borneo
Authors: Damit Alviana , Yusof Nur Adillah Mohd , Jumian Jemson , Clarke Charles , Robinson Alastair S.
Published: December 2024

Context A poorly characterised carnivorous tropical pitcher plant (Nepenthes) was identified from old reports of a rarely visited low-elevation ultramafic peak in central Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Potentially apomorphic characters in the limited photographic evidence available led the authors to hypothesise that the taxon represented an undescribed species. Aims To locate and document the unknown taxon in situ and, if appropriate, gather sufficient data and voucher material to enable its formal description and associated conservation status assessment. Methods An expedition was made to the type locality to make field observations of the taxon, record habitat, population and ecological data such as infauna, prey spectra and numbers of individuals, and to collect representative vouchers, minimising negative impacts on the small population by taking material in the form of terminal cuttings to allow for the in situ regeneration of sampled individuals from axillary nodes. Key results Nepenthes pongoides is described and illustrated as new to science. The species is characterised by its large size, peltate tendril exsertion, absence of upper pitchers and extremely well-developed, persistent indumentum of long, coarse, dark reddish trichomes, the extent of which is unsurpassed in any other known Bornean Nepenthes species. Conclusions One of the largest species of Nepenthes described in recent years, N. pongoides is endemic to the relatively low-elevation ultramafic Meliau Range of central Sabah. Only 39 mature individuals have been observed across two subpopulations, therefore the species is here assessed as CR (Critically Endangered) under the IUCN Red List criteria owing to its extremely small population size, limited area of occurrence and very high threat of unsustainable poaching for the horticultural trade. As is the case for many microendemic species, the taxon is extremely vulnerable to stochastic events such as fire which, on sufficient scale, could represent extinction level events. Implications The documentation of such remarkable new species in comparatively well-explored rainforest regions such as those of northern Borneo highlights the importance of targeted exploration in remaining wilderness areas to uncover hidden biodiversity. Doing so closes gaps in scientific knowledge, and specifically increases the critical taxonomic and ecological knowledge necessary to support the development and implementation of conservation measures required to reduce the risk of species extinction and concomitant loss of biodiversity.
Daphnia reproductive impacts following chronic exposure to micro- and nano-scale particles from three types of rubber
Authors: Cunningham Brittany E. , Harper Bryan J. , Brander Susanne M. , Harper Stacey L.
Published: December 2024

Environmental context Tyre rubber particles, from both driving and reuse of tyre rubber, are pollutants that carry toxic chemicals into the environment. We investigated the long-term effects that these particles have on small aquatic organisms and found that they drastically reduce their ability to reproduce. Continued exposure of aquatic invertebrates to tyre-related pollutants, has the potential to affect the population by inhibiting reproduction into future generations. Rationale High levels of rubber microplastics in aquatic environments are often attributed to particles from driven tyres; however, the use of recycled or crumb rubber particles in outdoor surfaces is another source. Chronic toxicity assessments with tyres are limited, and there is a need to evaluate effects of rubber particles from different sources to better understand their role in conferring toxicity. Methodology We investigated the effect of chronic exposure of Daphnia magna to micro-sized (1–20 µm, 3.13 × 104–1.25 × 105 particles mL–1) and nano-sized (<1 µm, 1.25 × 105–1.00 × 107 particles mL–1) synthetic rubber particles. These included tyre particles (TPs) and two types of rubber from recycled tyres (called recycled rubber, RR, and crumb rubber, CR). Mortality, reproduction and moulting were assessed daily, and growth was measured at the end of the exposure. Additionally, the F1 generation was reared to assess multigenerational effects. Results Chronic exposure to micro-rubber particles had severe effects, delaying, decreasing and even eliminating reproduction starting at 6.25 × 105 particles mL–1. Chronic exposure to nano-rubber particles had less severe effects, but delayed and decreased reproduction at the highest exposure level, 5.00 × 107 particles mL–1. Exposure to nano-rubber in the parental generation affected reproduction in the F1 generation. Discussion This is the first comparison of chronic and generational toxicity between different sizes and compositions of rubber particles. The reproductive affects of chronic exposure to rubber particles could have devastating impacts on populations of Daphnia. Research is needed to identify which components leached from rubber particles affect reproductive ability.
Spatial mosaics of small animal communities across habitat and vegetation cover in semiarid Australia
Authors: Chia Shirley S. , Leggett Keith , Schwanz Lisa E.
Published: December 2024

The fluctuating environment of arid lands drives spatial and temporal variation in resource availability and habitat suitability for animals. Patches of vegetative growth may create refuges that allow populations to persist when resources are scarce. Yet the links between fine-scale spatial variation and animal abundance are not well known. Here, we examine whether spatial variation in habitat and microhabitat create spatial mosaics in animal abundance. We surveyed ground-dwelling vertebrates and invertebrates in two adjacent habitats in semiarid Australia (cracking clay floodplains and rocky gibber), and across variation in microhabitat (vegetation cover). There was considerable variation in vegetation cover, creating fine-scale spatial mosaics of microhabitats. However, animal community composition did not vary significantly across the two main habitats. At the microhabitat level, numbers of spiders and reptiles were positively associated with woody vegetation cover. Vegetation cover did not significantly impact other taxonomic groups or overall community composition. The results show that response to microhabitats by animal populations is taxon-specific. Woody shrubs may provide a more reliable or more detectable microhabitat refuge compared to grasses for particular taxa. Informed wildlife conservation in arid lands requires investigating taxon-specific habitat and microhabitat associations, as well as the scale and persistence of these associations.
Entanglement entropy in quantum black holes
Authors: Belfiglio Alessio , Luongo Orlando , Mancini Stefano , Tomasi Sebastiano
Published: December 2024

We discuss the entanglement entropy for a massive scalar field in two Schwarzschild-like quantum black hole spacetimes, also including a nonminimal coupling term with the background scalar curvature. To compute the entanglement entropy, we start from the standard spherical shell discretization procedure, tracing over the degrees of freedom residing inside an imaginary surface. We estimate the free parameters for such quantum metrics through a simple physical argument based on Heisenberg uncertainty principle, along with alternative proposals as asymptotic safety, trace anomaly, and graviton corpuscular scaling. Our findings reveal a significant decrease in entropy compared to the area law near the origin for the quantum metrics. In both scenarios, the entanglement entropy converges to the expected area law sufficiently far from the origin. We then compare these results to the entropy scaling in regular Hayward and corrected-Hayward spacetimes to highlight the main differences with such regular approaches.