bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Teachers Moving Online, Using a MOOC, During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mays Tony John , Ogange Betty , Naidu Som , Perris Kirk
Published: July 2022

Following campus closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many Ministries of Education around the world requested teachers to move their teaching online. This case study reflects on how the Commonwealth of Learning responded to requests from two countries to provide support in pedagogical and curricular change for online learning in this process. A Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platform was used to upskill 11,568 teachers in two regions of the Commonwealth. Analytics from within the course, together with pre-, mid- and end- course surveys of participants’ perceptions indicated that while there was, and is scope for improvement, the short course largely reached its objective of providing immediate support on an introductory level and that the approach adopted was largely appropriate for the purpose.
Influence of Covid-19 on Students’ Learning: Access and Participation in Higher Education in Southern Africa
Authors: Mphahlele Ramashego , Seeletso Mmabaledi , Muleya Gistered , Simui Francis
Published: July 2022

Recent experiences of institutions in COVID 19 have heightened the need for research on its impact on higher education institutions globally.  This article’s authors are from higher learning institutions in Botswana, South Africa and Zambia, which used a blended learning model before COVID 19.  The majority of their students used the traditional part of blended learning, depending on the print, postal service, and face-to-face.  These students’ access and participation in learning during COVID 19 were negatively affected. Using Digital Equity as a framework, this paper explores the influence of COVID 19 on students’ access and participation in online learning.  There seem to be significant disparities in access and participation in high-quality technologies and severe educational inequities. This digital inequality impact calls for civic awareness in digital literacy among the citizenry if the gap between the rural and urban, have and have not digital immigrants and digital natives are to be bridged.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Open Educational Resources: The Case of Open Resources for English Language Teaching (ORELT) in Kenya
Authors: Orwenjo Daniel Ochieng , Erastus Fridah Kanana
Published: July 2022

The use of Open Educational Resources (OERs) in the teaching and learning of various subjects is a relatively new innovation in the Kenyan school system. With the advent and subsequent liberalization of ICT, material developers are subsequently shifting away from the traditional modes of material development in the form of textbooks and other “canonical” formats which require the teacher to use them as they are handed down without any input or modification. The Open Resources for English Language Teaching (ORELT) is one such educational innovation. This paper reports the findings of a baseline survey conducted in Kenya with a view to finding out the views and perceptions of Kenyan Junior Secondary School Teachers with regard to the adoption of open resources for the teaching of English language in Kenyan secondary schools. Sixty (60) JSS teachers of English from rural and urban schools and of mixed gender were invited for a four day ORELT in-service induction workshop at the Kenyatta University Conference Centre. The teachers were then given ORELT materials in form of CDs and textbooks for use in teaching English in their schools. They were also registered on the online ORELT platform and each given log in credentials to enable them access freely access the materials and freely interact with fellow teachers throughout the commonwealth. The study reports that whereas teachers are ready to embrace the use of open resources, they have varying perceptions on the suitability and potential efficacy of open resources in Kenyan classrooms. It also emerges that such differing perceptions are constrained by institutional, cultural, pedagogical and personal factors. Accordingly, the study recommends a more structured, inclusive bottoms up approach to any educational innovation as a means of ensuring success.
Comparative Advantages of Offline Digital Technology for Remote Indigenous Classrooms in Guatemala (2019-2020)
Authors: Wiebe Adrienne , Crisostomo Luis Javier , Feliciano Perez Ruben , Anderson Terry
Published: July 2022

Technology has been viewed as a means to improve the quality of education for children globally, particularly in remote and marginal communities. This study examines the comparative advantages of the use of appropriate technology (off-line servers with digital libraries connected to a classroom set of laptops) in ten intervention schools in Indigenous communities in Guatemala for one school year. The study was too short (due to pandemic restrictions) to demonstrate statistically significant differences for learning outcomes. However, using an instructional core model as a framework, qualitative findings supported four previously identified comparative advantages, and identified four additional ones relevant to remote Indigenous communities. The intervention validated the ability of technology to improve standardized instruction, differentiated instruction, opportunities for practice, and learner engagement. Newly identified advantages are: access to high-quality educational resources (substitution for print materials), teacher capacity-building, student technical skills and digital literacy, and sharing cultural knowledge.
ANALYSIS OF FLAME RETARDANT POLYPROPYLENE FOR PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING USING BROMINATED AROMATIC COMPOUND
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf Nurfani
Published: July 2022

Flame Retardant (FR) is a type of thermoplastic material that is resistant to fire. Application of FR on various types of plastic resins such as polypropylene (PP), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and other types of plastic resins. This study discusses the analysis of Brominated Aromatic Compound as a mixture of Polypropylene to produce PP-FR types for plastic injection molding with the material formulation method to perform a flame retardant test on the results of the specimens that have been made. This study shows that PP material and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene can bind scanning microscopes with ×15,000 and ×30,000 zoom. The extrusion process results did not experience cracks after going through a chamber test of -5 ◦C to 70 ◦C for 120 hours on the specimen. In addition, the results of the flame retardant test fire can die in under 2 seconds
Strength Enhancement, Ductility, and Confinement Effectiveness Index of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete Square Columns
Authors: Herwani Herwani , Imran Iswandi , Budiono Bambang , Zulkifli Ediansjah
Published: July 2022

Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly construction material that has the potential to be applied in building structures. It is important to understand the structural behavior of geopolymer concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of structural elements of geopolymer concrete under concentric axial loads. The specimens were twelve square columns with a size of 170 x 170 mm and a height of 480 mm. The study variables were the tie spacing and the compressive strength of unconfined geopolymer concrete (f’c). The test results showed that the increase in f'cc was not as significant as the increase in unconfined concrete compressive strength (f'c). The value of strength enhancement (K) tended to decrease. The column ductility (m) and confinement effectiveness index (Ic) had optimum values. The effect of increasing the tie spacing (s) decreased the K, Ic, and m values of the column. The proposed f’cc formulation for geopolymer concrete is compatible.
Simulation Model of Enhancing Performance of TCP/AQM Networks by Using Matlab
Authors: Aziz Ghada Adel , Jaber Manal Hadi , Sulttan Mohammed Qasim , Shneen Salam Waley
Published: July 2022

Internet networks are becoming more crowded every day due to the rapid development of modern life, which causes an increase in the demand for data circulating on the Internet. This creates several problems, such as buffer overflow of intermediate routers, and packet loss and time delay in packet delivery. The solution to these problems is to use a TCP/AQM system. The simulation results showed that there were differences in performance between the different controllers used. The proposed methods were simulated along with the required conditions in nonlinear systems to determine the best performance. It was found that the use of optimization Department of Electro-mechanical Engineering, University of Technology - Iraq tools (GA, FL) with a controller could achieve the best performance. The simulation results demonstrated the ability of the proposed methods to control the behavior of the system. The controller systems were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the performance was better with the use of GA-PIDC compared to both FL-PIDC and PIDC in terms of stability time, height, and overrun ratio for a network with a variable queue that was targeted for comparison. The results were: the bypass ratio was 0, 3.3 and 21.8 the settling time was 0.002, 0.055, and 0.135; and the rise time was 0.001, 0.004 and 0.008 for GA-PIDC, FL-PIDC and PIDC, respectively. These results made it possible to compare the three control techniques.
PEMANFAATAN PENGERING EFEK RUMAH KACA (ERK) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGERING OLAHAN IKAN
Authors: Djamalu Yunita , Antu Evi Sunarti , Djafar Romi , Liputo Burhan , Botutihe Sjahril
Published: July 2022

Kelurahan Tanjung Kramat adalah salah satu Kelurahan yang berada di wilayah hulonthalangi, Kota Gorontalo, Provinsi Gorontalo. Kelurahan ini memiliki lahan yang dikelilingi oleh laut sehingga sebagian besar masyarakat kelurahan Tanjung Kramat berprofesi sebagai nelayan dan penjual ikan. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi kelompok masyarakat kelurahan tanjung kramat, tim pengabdinberinisiatif untuk mendesiminasikan alat pengering untuk pengolahan ikan dari hasil penelitian Dosen dan Mahasiswa. Alat pengering ini dapat difungsikan selain untuk pasca panen dibidang pertanian juga untuk pasca panen dibidang perikanan yang dalam hal ini pada kegiatan pengabdian ini difokuskan pada pengolahan ikan kering yaitu ikan asin atau yang biasa disebut ikan garam oleh masyarakat gorontalo dan juga untuk pengeringan kerupuk ikan. Alat pengering yang didesiminasikan adalah alat pengering Efek Rumah Kaca (ERK) dengan dua sistem kerja yang berbeda yakni pengering alami dan pengeringan secara paksa. Alat pengering efek rumah kaca berbentuk prisma segi empat dengan tambahan exhaust adalah alat pengeringan dengan sistem kerja pengeringan paksa dan alat pengering efek rumah kaca dengan variasi bukaan cerobong penghawaan dengan sistem yang alami, menggunakan variasi ini agar mempercepat laju pengeringan dan menghilangkan kondensasi didalam ruang pengering. Dalam proses pengabdian pada kelompok masyarakat ini tim pengabdi mengemas kegiatan dari ceramah presentasi pengenalan alat, tanya jawab, praktek cara pembuatan alat, cara penggunaan alat dan cara pemeliharaan alat. Dari hasil kegiatan tersebut disepakati bahwa untuk kegiatan selanjutnya lebih difokuskan pada pembuatan produk olahan ikan pengemasan, dan pemasaran.
PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI TRADITIONAL MEDICAL TOURISM DI DESA CIMANDE KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Djunaid Ika Suryono , Mikhael Mikhael
Published: July 2022

Medical Tourism adalah perjalanan wisata dengan tujuan pengobatan atau  pemulihan kesehatan. Hal ini di perkuatan pula oleh pernyataan dari Gill dan Singh (2012:3) yang menyatakan bahwa medical tourism adalah perjalanan dari tempat tinggal seseorang ke tujuan lainnya untuk melakukan kegiatan yang menjaga, meningkatkan, dan mengobati kesehatan seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) untuk mengkaji berapa besar potensi medical tourism di Desa Cimande Kabupaten Bogor, 2) menyusun strategi pengembangan medical tourism di Desa Cimande Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Jumlah situasi sosial yang diteliti adalah keseluruhan obyek medical tourism yang terdapat di Desa Cimande. Data yang dianalisis, meliputi 4 unsur yaitu : pihak yang terlibat (penyelenggara medical tourism), tempat/destinasi (pemerintah setempat), manfaat yang dicari (wisatawan medical tourism) dan sumber (penyelenggara pengobatan patah tulang). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah pengobatan patah tulang Cimande dikabupaten Bogor dalam hal pengobatan patah tulang memiliki potensi sebagai medical tourism hal ini dikarenakan 15 dari 21 unsur yang ada sudah terpenuhi sebagai medical tourism, dilihat dari tujuannya wisatawan yang datang ke desa Cimande kabupaten Bogor memang untuk kebutuhan pengobatan patah tulang, namun hal yang belum terpenuhi dari hasil wawancara kepada narasumber dilihat kembali dari segi fasilitas serta dukungan dari pemerintah yang masih belum ada dan terpenuhi. Berdasarkan permasalahn tersebut disusun strategi pengembangan yang difokuskan pada pembangunan sarana dan prasarana Kemudian untuk itu di sarankan untuk mendorong destinasi desa Cimande sebagai desa potensi medical tourism perlu adanya agensi dari Tour and Travel dan juga agensi kesehatan yang merekomendasikan  lokasi penyembuhan desa Cimande kemudian perlu adanya asuransi kesehatan agar memastikan kegiatan pengobatan tradisional ini benar-benar terjamin secara kualitas untuk pembagunan pariwisata medical tourism yang berkelanjutan.
KETERSEDIAN NITROGEN DAN C-ORGANIK PUPUK KOMPOS ASAL KULIT PISANG GOROHO MELALUI OPTIMALISASI UJI KERJA KULTUR BAL
Authors: Arisanti Desi
Published: July 2022

Kompos merupakan pupuk organik yang mudah dan murah dengan memanfaatkan limbah sisa bahan organik.  Kompos mempunyai sifat lama tersedia bagi tanah dan tumbuhan,namun bersifat aman bagi lingkungan. Karena bahan organik berupa kompos dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia, fisik dan biologi tanah. Pada penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah kulit pisang goroho. Sebagai bioaktivator digunakan BAL dalam bentuk kultur kering. Penelitian ini menggunakan keragaman dosis kultur kering BAL yang terdiri dari 3 taraf  yaitu kontrol, 20%, 30%, dan  40% dari bobot bahan organik. Data yang dihasilkan kemudian dilakukan uji analisis kandungan ketersedian nitrogen dan C-Organik. Berdasarkan hasil peneliian di peroleh  ketersedian Nitrogen yang sesuai dengan standar SNI pupuk kompos, sedangkan untuk kadar C-Organiknya rata-rata belum sesuai dengan dengan standar SNI
PEMANFAATAN DAUN JAMBU BIJI UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI TELUR DAN BENIH IKAN LELE DUMBO
Authors: Lamadi Arafik , Mulis Mulis , Lukum Abdul Madjid
Published: July 2022

Tutujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas lama perendaman telur untuk daya tetas telur dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele dumbo dalam larutan daun jambu biji dengan konsetrasi 0,5 ml/L dalam mencegah serangan jamur Saprolegnia sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan  pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa daya tetas telur ikan lele dumbo tertinggi terdapat pada pada perlakuan D (perendaman 15 menit) 75,50% diikuti oleh perlakuan C (perendaman 10 menit) 70,33%, kemudian perlakuan B (perendaman 5 menit) 67,50% dan yang terendah terdapat pada perlakuan A (tanpa perendaman) yaitu 63,83%. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANSIRA nilai FHitung 7,87 >  FTabel pada taraf 1% (7,59). Hasil uji BNT, perlakuan D berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap perlakuan A, B dan C. Sedangkan pada kelangsungan hidup benih perlakuan A menghasilkan presentase terendah (65,93%) dibandingkan perlakuan B (79,68%), perlakuan C (72,86%) dan perlakuan D (72,24%). Uji ANSIRA menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berpengaruh nyata dimana FHitung (2,40) < FTabel 5 % (4,07).
MEMPERTAHANKAN MUTU KANDUNGAN VITAMIN C DAN UMUR SIMPAN PADA TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum) DENGAN PELAPISAN LILIN LEBAH
Authors: Angelia Ika Okhtora
Published: July 2022

Sayuran memiliki sifat voluminous (merekah) dan perishable (mudah rusak). Salah satu jenis sayuran yang memiliki sifat ini adalah tomat. Tomat merupakankomoditas sayuran yang mudah rusak saat pemanenan, baik akibat faktor kerusakan mekanis maupun faktor fisiologi seperti lecet, layu dan busuk sehingga berakibat pada rendahnya umur simpan. Salah satu upaya untuk memperpanjang umur simpan tomat adalah dengan memberikan lapisan lilin pada permukaan kulitnya. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan lilin lebah terhadap kandungan vitamin C serta umur simpannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selama proses penyimpanan, pelapisan dengan lilin lebah tidak memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan vitamin C. Pelapisan lilin lebah mampu memperpanjang umur simpan dibandingakan dengan kontrol. Selama proses penyimpanan,  warna cenderung tidak berubah dibandingkan tomat yang tidak diberi perlakuan pelilinan (kontrol). Lama penyimpanan hingga hari ke-3 menunjukkan bahwa warna tomat masih hijau, kuning kemerahan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Bahkan hingga hari ke-7, tomat cenderung berwarna kuning kemerahan. Sedangkan pada tekstur, lama penyimpanan hingga hari ke-4 menunjukkan bahwa tekstur tomat masih keras dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Bahkan hingga hari ke-7, tekstur tomat cenderung masih agak lembek dibandingkan dengan kontrol.
(When) Is There a Christian Responsibility to Gossip?
Authors: Anderson Matthew Lee ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2022

This paper offers a Thomistic defense of gossip as a licit means of protecting third parties from harm by known offenders. After first clarifying what constitutes gossip, it draws from Thomas Aquinas to identify the narrow set of conditions under which gossip might be both permissible and obligatory. It concludes by specifying how the duty to gossip might work in Christian institutions, and especially within institutions where there are weak systems of formal accountability.
Kripke’nin Kurgu Çözümlemesinde Ad ve Adımsı Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Bakkal Erim ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

Bu metindeki amacım Kripke’nin kurgu çözümlemesinde özel adlar ve adımsılar (pretended name) arasındaki ilişkiyi ele almak. Kripke için özel adlar değişmez imleyicilerdir (rigid designator), yani tek bir varlığı/şeyi var olduğu tüm olanaklı dünyalarda biricik belirlerler. Adımsılar ise kurgusal söylemde ortaya çıkan kurgunun taslamasının bir parçasıdır; yani kurgu dünyadaki karakterlerin adlarıdır. Kripke’ye göre adımsılar sadece gerçek adları taklit eden fakat taklit ve benzerlik ilişkisinden öte bir ilişkileri olmayan, adlardan kategorik olarak farklı şeylerdir. Fakat Kripke için adlar ve adımsılar kategorik olarak farklı olsalar da bu iki dilsel birim birbirlerini belirler gibi gözükür. Yani “Sherlock Holmes” özel adı, “Sherlock Holmes” özel adımsısı ile eşseslidir fakat bunun gerekçesi yeterince açık değildir. Bu açık olmama durumu kurgusal karakter adlandırma önermelerinin adlandırıcı açısından a priori ve olumsal mı olduğu yoksa a posteriori ve zorunlu mu olduğu sorusuyla ilişkilidir. Böylelikle bu belirleme ilişkisi ya zorunlu ya da olumsal bir ilişkidir. Ben bu belirleme ilişkisinin olumsal olduğunu savunacağım. Fakat bu belirleme ilişkisi olumsal olsa da ad ve adımsı arasında eşseslilik açısından sıkı bir ilişki olmaya devam eder. Ben bu sıkı ilişkinin genellikle kendiliğinden bir ilişki olduğunu, kurgu karakterin önce adı olabileceği gibi ilişkilendiği adımsısı da olabileceğini ve bu ayrım yeterince düşünülmediği için genellikle ad ve adımsının eşseslilik açısından çakıştığını savunacağım. Fakat ilişkilendiği adımsı ve özel adı eşsesli olmayan karakterler de olabileceğini ileri süreceğim. Son olarak ise bu dediklerimizden adımsıların geçtiği betimlemeler üretebileceğimizi ve bunlar yoluyla da kurgu varlıklara değişen imleyiciler olarak gönderimde bulunabileceğimizi savunacağım.
Aristoteles ve Heidegger’de Zamanın Amaçsal Araçsallığı
Authors: Saraçoğlu Ece ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

Aristoteles ve Heidegger’in zaman görüşleri onların ontoloji temelli düşüncelerinde önemli bir yere sahip olmasına rağmen, “amaçsal araçsallık” anlayışıyla ilişkili olarak derinlemesine irdelenmez. Hâlbuki bu düşünürlerin görüşlerindeki amaçsal araçsallığın yakından incelenmesi, hem onların zaman felsefelerinin hem de genel olarak zamanın “yapıcı ve kurucu” özelliğinin daha anlaşılır olmasını sağlamaktadır. Aristoteles’in ve Heidegger’in ontolojik zaman soruşturmaları, zamanın amaçsal anlamda da araçsallığının olanaklı olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Bu fikirden hareketle meydana getirilen bu makale, Aristoteles ve Heidegger’in zaman düşüncelerini amaçsal araçsallık ışığında incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple yazının ilk bölümünde, zaman ve araçsallık kavramlarının anlamı ve içeriği kısaca betimlenmektedir. Bu betimlemenin temel nedeni, bu kavramların yaygın kullanılan anlamlarının dışına çıkabilmeyi sağlamaktır. Yazının ikinci ve üçüncü bölümlerinde ise, sırasıyla Aristoteles ve Heidegger’in zaman felsefelerinde amaçsal araçsallık fikrinin nasıl görünür olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Tanrısal Ön Bilgi-Özgür İrade Sorunu: Ockhamcı Çözüm
Authors: Yöney Ferhat ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

Tanrısal ön bilgi-özgür irade sorununa ilişkin Ockhamcı çözümler, 1960’lı yıllardan 1990’lı yıllara kadar analitik din felsefesi çevrelerinde önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Ockhamlı William’ın (1287-1347) geleceğe ilişkin olumsal önermeler ve tanrısal ön bilgi-özgür irade sorununa ilişkin görüşlerine kısaca değinildikten sonra, çağdaş analitik din felsefesinde tanrısal ön bilgi-özgür irade sorununa ilişkin Ockhamcı çözüm olarak adlandırılan görüş ve buna ilişkin tartışmalar ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda Ockhamcı çözüm olarak savunulan görüşlerin tanrısal ön bilgi ile insan özgür iradesini bağdaştırma açısından başarısız olduğu gösterilecektir. Ayrıca, Ockhamcı çözümlerin geleceğe ilişkin olumsal önermeler konusunda varsaydığı görüşün karşılaştığı metafiziksel sorun ortaya konacak ve bu sorunun, tanrısal ön bilgi ile özgür iradeyi bağdaştırmaya yönelik herhangi bir girişim açısından sorun oluşturduğu vurgulanacaktır.
Biyoloji Felsefesinde Organizma Kavramı
Authors: Yilmaz Özlem ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

Çevre sorunlarının katlanarak arttığı ve biyoloji biliminin büyük sıçramalarla geliştiği günümüzde organizma kavramının incelenmesi, hem kendi doğamızı (dolayısıyla da diğer canlılarla etkileşimlerimizi) hem de günümüz biyolojisindeki değişimleri daha iyi anlayabilmemiz için faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışma, organizma kavramını özellikle organizmaçevre etkileşimi üzerinden inceleyerek günümüz biyolojisindeki önemini vurgulayacaktır. Organizma kavramı özellikle Modern Sentezden, Genişletilmiş Evrimsel Senteze geçişle birlikte ayrı bir önem kazanmıştır. Köklerini yirminci yüzyılın başlarındaki organizma-merkezci biyolojiden alan bu kavramın gelişimi, son birkaç on yıldır biyoloji biliminde gerçekleşmiş olan gelişmelerle (özellikle gelişim biyolojisi, sistem biyolojisi ve ekoloji dallarında) iyice dinamikleşmiştir. Organizma kavramının gelişimini incelemek sadece biyoloji biliminin felsefesi açısından değil, bunun yanında, insan olarak kendi biyolojik varlığımızı -organizma- ve çevremizle (hem abiyotik hem de biyotik) olan etkileşimlerimizi, tekrar düşünmek açısından değerlidir.
Protecting Autonomy and Dignity in Organ Donation Postmortem through Family Decision Making
Authors: Riffon Paul ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2022

Often-cited papal pronouncements regarding organ donation emphasize the importance of gift giving and the consent of the donor. However, a critical reading reveals an ill-defined separation of living organ donation and donation after death. Given that a corpse cannot engage in gift giving, nor can it give consent, the family, acting as good stewards, is the proper decision maker for organ donation after death. A historical examination of relics and human anatomical dissection reveals that the Catholic Church has primarily favored the decisional authority of the family over the first-person consent of the dead. Given this history, family-based consent (as opposed to opt-in or opt-out criteria) is the best model to ensure the dignity of the dead.
Deep learning for aspect-based sentiment analysis: a review
Authors: Zhu Linan , Xu Minhao , Bao Yinwei , Xu Yifei , Kong Xiangjie
Published: July 2022

User-generated content on various Internet platforms is growing explosively, and contains valuable information that helps decision-making. However, extracting this information accurately is still a challenge since there are massive amounts of data. Thereinto, sentiment analysis solves this problem by identifying people’s sentiments towards the opinion target. This article aims to provide an overview of deep learning for aspect-based sentiment analysis. Firstly, we give a brief introduction to the aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) task. Then, we present the overall framework of the ABSA task from two different perspectives: significant subtasks and the task modeling process. Finally, challenges are proposed and summarized in the field of sentiment analysis, especially in the domain of aspect-based sentiment analysis. In addition, ABSA task also takes the relations between various objects into consideration, which is rarely discussed in the previous work.
Plastic debris in plastic-mulched soil—a screening study from western Germany
Authors: Steinmetz Zacharias , Schröder Heike
Published: July 2022

Background

Agricultural plastic mulches offer great benefits such as higher yields and lower pesticide use. Yet, plastic mulches may disintegrate over time and fragment into smaller debris. Such plastic debris is expected to remain in the field after removal of the plastic mulch and thus contributes to soil contamination with plastics.

Method

To investigate this, we collected soil samples at 0–10 cm and 10–40 cm depth from three fields covered with black mulch film for three consecutive years. Three fields without any reported plastic use served as control. Visual plastic debris > 1 cm (macroplastics) was collected from the soil surface. Mesoplastics between 2 mm and 1 cm were density separated from the sampled soil using saturated NaCl solution and analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Debris ≤ 2 mm (microplastics) was dispersed from 50 g soil using sodium hexametaphosphate solution followed by the aforementioned density separation. The separated polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were quantified via solvent-based pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS).

Results

With 89–206 fragments ha−1, the majority of macroplastics were located in fields previously covered with mulch films. 80% of the collected specimen were identified as black PE film. The number of mesoplastics in plastic-mulched soil was 2.3 particles kg−1, while only 1.0 particles kg−1 were found in the reference fields. Py–GC/MS revealed microplastic levels of up to 13 mg kg−1. The PE content was significantly higher in plastic-mulched fields than in reference fields.

Discussion

Although the identified plastic levels are lower than those reported in comparable studies, our results still suggest that plastic mulching functions as a source of plastic debris in agricultural systems. Due to its severely restricted degradability, these plastics are likely to accumulate in soil in the long term and further fragment into smaller and smaller debris.
Enríque Gómez Carrillo y la conformación de una red transatlántica
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Schnirmajer Ariela
Published: July 2022

La consideración de Enrique Gómez Carrillo como autor “menor” dentro del canon literario modernista ha estado sujeta a reevaluaciones. Mariano Siskind ha valorizado su labor crítica, orientada a situar las literaturas de América Latina, Francia y España en contextos globales comparativos. Hanno Ehrlicher ha analizado las tareas propagandísticas del guatemalteco de la red cosmopolita modernista a través de revistas. En diálogo con los críticos anteriores, exploraremos la trascendencia del guatemalteco en el armado de una red geopolítica transatlántica a través de dos materialidades: las epístolas privadas y la antología Cuentos escogidos de los mejores autores castellanos contemporáneos de 1894.
La vida modernista del “yo”: sobre el archivo en algunos escritos autobiográficos de Rubén Darío
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Caresani Rodrigo
Published: July 2022

A partir de una serie de textos autobiográficos de Rubén Darío, esta aproximación pretende reflexionar sobre la noción de archivo en su cruce con los problemas propios de las “escrituras del yo”. El análisis se centra en la pulsión autobiográfica del Darío tardío, que ante la inminencia de la primera crisis global del siglo XX (primera Gran Guerra) revisa su trayecto de escritura en las crónicas conocidas como Historia de mis libros (1913). Estos textos admiten una lectura como conato de archivo, es decir, como el producto de una catalogación de las propias obras de acuerdo a criterios múltiples, no siempre armónicos. La posición desde la que se constituye este archivo es la de un sujeto autor que declara tener una mirada panorámica de su obra y que puede, entonces, controlarla. Sin embargo, las fisuras en la cohesión de este archivo –motivadas por un tiempo que se percibe como crisis global– recorren los textos y se imponen desde hace décadas en los abordajes de la crítica. Esta intervención busca reposicionar las autobiografías darianas en el terreno de una vanguardia narrativa que tiene como antecedente el proyecto estético y político de Los Raros (1896-1905), un trabajo de desmontaje y desmitificación de los grandes monumentos culturales del siglo XIX.
Figuraciones decimonónicas de lo nuevo: Ruben Darío y la modernidad en América Latina
Authors:   UNTREF y UNAHUR, Caresani Rodrigo , González Mónica ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Published: July 2022

El tránsito del siglo XIX al XX en las Américas fue un momento particularmente grávido de transformaciones geopolíticas y socioculturales, en cuyo marco el modernismo recogió –principalmente desde la poesía y la crónica– buena parte de las tensiones e incertidumbres del período. En este conjunto de artículos reflexionamos sobre las maneras en que esa constelación histórica única, paradójica y desigual se permea en la obra de Rubén Darío en tanto experiencia estética, cultural y epistémica. En otras palabras, formulamos la pregunta en torno a la modernidad del modernismo dariano en vistas de ampliar el diálogo teórico y crítico iniciado en otros espacios sobre las maneras en que su literatura figura manifestaciones tanto de la modernidad global –la creciente circulación planetaria de bienes e ideologías, la transitoriedad de la vida moderna, las tensiones con la literatura mundial o la comodificación de bienes materiales y culturales–, como de la modernidad local –las temporalidades asincrónicas, los cosmopolitismos del pobre, las contradicciones de modernidades divergentes o las disonancias con la “norma” occidental–. Al mismo tiempo, este diálogo pretende dar cuenta de otras formas de acercamiento a los fenómenos literarios y culturales sugeridos por giros o corrientes recientes, los cuales proponen nuevas rutas críticas para el estudio de una obra tan fundamental para las letras continentales como la de Rubén Darío. Los trabajos aquí incluidos abordan textos y paratextos darianos en diálogo con corrientes neomaterialistas, el giro afectivo, la antropología de los sentidos, las redes intelectuales las humanidades digitales y las escrituras del yo, algunas de las cuales comentamos a continuación.
INOCA: Evaluación no invasiva de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos mediante CZT-SPECT
Authors: Gobbo Magalí , Meretta Alejandro H. , Sciancalepore María , Retamoso Erica , Beber Estefanía , Rosa Daniel , Pérez Baliño Néstor , Masoli Osvaldo H.
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Una de las causas propuestas del síndrome INOCA (por sus siglas en inglés: Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries) es la disfunción microvascular (DMV), la cual puede evaluarse en forma no invasiva, mediante la cuantificación del flujo sanguíneo miocárdico (FSM) y la reserva de flujo miocárdica (RFM). Las imágenes de perfusión miocárdica (IPM) y dinámicas con CZT-SPECT en reposo - dipiridamol - y prueba de frio (PF), permiten establecer la presencia de DMV evaluando diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos: endotelio independiente o dependiente, respectivamente. Objetivos: Evaluar la utilidad de CZT-SPECT en el diagnóstico de DMV y los diferentes mecanismos patológicos involucrados, en pacientes con diagnóstico de INOCA. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en forma prospectiva 93 pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de INOCA, a los que se les realizó IPM e imágenes dinámicas con CZT-SPECT en reposo-dipiridamol-PF. El FSM se cuantificó con el software 4DM. Se consideró respuesta anormal al dipiridamol una RFM menor a 2 y a la variación del FSM (∆FSM) menor a 1,5 con PF. Se definió DMV a la presencia de una o ambas respuestas anormales. Resultados: El CZT-SPECT detectó DMV en un 85% (n=79) de los pacientes con INOCA. El 42% tuvo respuesta anormal con ambos apremios mientras que el 43% restante, mostró una respuesta alterada del FSM sólo con PF. Conclusiones: El uso de CZT-SPECT empleando ambos apremios, permitió evaluar diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos que causan DMV presente en la mayoría de los pacientes con INOCA.
Semiotic Analysis of Hollywood Made Disaster Films in the Context of Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: GÜZEL Meltem
Published: July 2022

Kültürel diplomasi kamu diplomasisi altında yer almakta ve ülkelerin yumuşak güç kaynaklarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Kültürel diplomasi, devletlerin kendi itibarlarını artırmak ve diğer devletlerle ilişki içinde olmak amacıyla yürüttüğü
her türlü kültürel faaliyet olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. 21. yüzyılda iletişim teknolojilerinde meydana gelen gelişmelerle birlikte ülkelerin ağırlık vermeye başladıkları kültür diplomasisi faaliyetleri içinde, kısa sürede
geniş kitlelere ulaşmayı başaran sinema ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kavramın yaratıcısı Joseph S. Nye Jr, “Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power” adlı kitabında, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin yumuşak güç kullanımı konusunda
uluslararası arenada en büyük ülke olduğunu dile getirmektedir. Özellikle Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nden sonra kültürel diplomasi faaliyetlerine ağırlık veren Amerika Birleşik Devletleri sinemayı Hollywood Film Endüstrisi aracılığıyla
bu amaçla etkin bir biçimde kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ABD’nin sinemayı, kendi ideolojisini ve dış politikasını “diğerlerine” benimsetmek amacıyla nasıl kullandığının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Hollywood tarafından çekilen
filmlere bakıldığında özellikle de savaş ve felaket filmlerinde bu durumun açıkça yer aldığı görülmektedir. Kapsamı felaket filmleriyle sınırlandırılan bu çalışmada Hollywood yapımı filmler taranarak tüm dünyayı etkileyen olayların
yer aldığı filmler belirlenmektedir. Bu şartı sağlayan “Kurtuluş Günü”, “Armageddon”, “Derin Darbe”, “2012”, “Yarından Sonra” ve “Geostrom” isimli altı film göstergebilimsel çözümleme yöntemiyle incelenmektedir. Bu çalışma, amacı
sadece insanlara teknolojinin imkanlarından faydalanarak aksiyonun bol olduğu sahneler ile eğlenceli zaman geçirtmekmiş gibi gösterilmek istenen felaket filmlerinin Amerika’nın kültür diplomasisi faaliyetlerine nasıl hizmet ettiğini
göstermesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, araştırma için Hollywood yapımı felaket filmleri içinde yer alan tüm dünyayı aynı anda etkileyen felaket konularının işlendiği örnekler göstergebilim yöntemi ile analiz edilerek
çalışmanın temel soruları cevaplandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Amerika Birleşik Devletleri özellikle de sosyal, kültürel, siyasal ve ekonomik alanlarda kendi ideolojisi ve dış politikasını benimsetmek amacıyla
Hollywood yapımı felaket filmlerinden faydalanmaktadır. İncelenen felaket filmlerinde konular her nekadar farklı gibi görünse de film içinde yer verilen görsellerden filmlerin anlatı yapılarına kadar pek çok alanda bu filmlerin
birer yumuşak güç unsuru olarak kullanıldığını gösteren ortak noktalar yer almaktadır.
The Effects of the 2008 Global Economic Crisis on Employment Expectations of Youth, Tekirdag Province Example
Authors: ÖZMEN Süleyman
Published: July 2022

2000’lerin başında ABD pazarındaki yatırımcıların, konut endüstrisinden daha fazla getiri elde etmeyi fırsat olarak görmeleri, 2008 Küresel Finansal Krizini tetiklemiştir. Bu kriz esasında 2007 yılı Ağustos ayında başlamış olmasına
rağmen 2008 yılında yaygınlaşması nedeniyle 2008 Krizi olarak adlandırılmıştır. ABD’de ipotekli konut piyasasında başlayan kriz, türev ürünler vasıtasıyla tüm küresel ekonomiye etki etmiştir. Finansal türevlerin yeteri kadar analiz
yapılmadan esnek kullanımıyla başlayan bu kriz domino etkisiyle bütün dünyaya yayılarak ülkeleri etkisi altına almıştır. Bu çalışmada krizin yol açtığı etkilerden birisi olan işsizlik sorunu ele alınacak ve ülkemizdeki gençler
üzerinde yol açtığı sorunlar incelenecektir. Günümüzde işsizlik sadece bazı ülkelerde değil tüm dünyanın temel sorunlarından biridir. Küresel işsizliğin pek çok nedeni olmakla birlikte, en temel nedeni kuşkusuz işsizliğe küresel
bir boyut kazandıran neoliberal politikalardır. Neoliberal görüş, korumacılığı terk eden ve serbest ticarete direnmeyen bir ülkenin ekonomik büyüme elde edebileceğini ve ekonomi sürdürülebilir büyüme sağladığında işsizlik sorununun
istihdamı artırarak çözülebileceğini savunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ’da yaşayan 18-24 yaş grubunun yapısı, sorunları, sosyal yaşamı ve farkındalık düzeyleri ortaya konularak yaşam tercihleri, gelecek beklentileri ve yaşam
kaliteleri incelenmiştir. Seçilen örneklem için geçerli olan anketler, Tekirdağ nüfusu dikkate alınarak topluluk büyüklüğüne göre hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen anket verileri 11 Eylül - 23 Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında
elde edilmiştir. Anket çalışmamızda CAPI (Bilgisayar Destekli Kişisel Görüşme) yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır.
New Equations for Energy Dissipation for Spillways with Slope of 30 Degrees and Height of 0.305m
Authors: Ozueigbo Okechukwu , Agunwamba J. C.
Published: July 2022

Stepped spillways are current method of choice for safe discharge of flood water due to their inherent ability to employ their stepping nature to safely dissipate substantial energy. Hence, the authors in this study aim to provide to design engineers new models for estimating energy dissipation in a stepped spillway with an equal step heights and widths of 0.3 m. Many researchers have investigated both the hydraulic and the geometric relationships of stepped spillways of varying sizes that resulted in significant energy dissipation, but quite a few of them has conducted researches on stepped spillways with equal heights and widths of 0.3 m, thereby leading to limited information at the disposal of design engineers involved in the design of stepped spillway with equal heights and widths of 0.3 m. The authors obtained more than 500 measured data from the Engineering Research Center Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado work published in April, 2002 and about 300 of them that had complete data were re-analyzed and used to develop energy dissipation model that govern nappe and skimming flows over a wide range of operating conditions. This energy dissipation model was formulated in terms of the number of the steps of the stepped spillway and the flow critical depth using multiple regression analysis and matrix method. This developed model was later calibrated and yielded very high coefficients of correlation that ranged from 0.8808 to 0.9982, which upon verification gave good predictions between the measured and estimated data. Results showed that the rate of energy dissipation along a stepped spillway increases with increasing numbers of steps, but decreases with increasing rate of discharge.
Evaluation of Disease-related Characteristics in COVID-19 Infected Population of Karachi, Pakistan: An Online Survey
Authors: Aziz Aisha , Sarfaraz Marium , Majeed Saba , Maboos Madiha , Leghari Qurratul Ain , Khurshid Mahrukh
Published: July 2022

Aims: COVID-19 pandemic brought the medical community into action, to introduce safe and effective strategies to combat the disease. Pakistan has also experienced a significant increase in COVID-positive cases. The objective of this study is to assess the disease-related characteristics and evaluate different treatment responses in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data was collected from January to September 2021.

Methodology: An online survey was circulated and analyzed using SPSS and results were reported as frequency and percentages. 1000 questionnaires were distributed, of which 257 responses were received.

Results: The majority of the population 90.3% survived however, a few 9.7% deaths were reported. Fever (65.7%) and cough (53.6%) were the most frequently observed symptoms. Ninety percent (n=230) of the patients required no hospital admission. The results show that 16.3% received anti-viral treatment, mainly Remdesivir. This study will help in assessing the COVID-19 patient’s response to different treatment strategies. It will also provide an insight into the psychological impact of COVID-19.

Conclusion: This study showed encouraging data regarding the disease characteristics of COVID-19 observed in the population.
A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Medicinal Importance of Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Anjumole S. , Sharma Reena , Sushma .
Published: July 2022

In present times, large numbers of medicinal plants are available. Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle) is also an abundant source of medicinal properties. This legendary splendid plant provided the path for new research works. Scientists had discovered the constitution of phytochemicals and its pharmacological importance. It has prolific varieties having great aesthetic value. This evergreen herbaceous plant is mainly used for its antioxidant, anticancerous, wound healing and antimicrobial activity. Several alkaloids, flavonoids and phenol compounds are present in it. Two unique indole alkaloids are possessed by Madagascar periwinkle which are vinblastine and vincristine. Catharanthus is widely used as an ornamental plant and as well as for pharmacological purposes. Now a days, many research reports are coming out about its pharmacological properties. The presence of invaluable phytochemicals in these plants leads to the discovery of effective medicines to cure various diseases. The main agenda of this review paper is to deliver the pharmacological aspects of Catharanthus rosea plant and its present need. Here, a brief description is given about most of the phytochemicals identified in Catharanthus roseus and their medicinal importance that will be helpful for future research studies on this plant.
Probiotic Microbes and Their Growth in Different Carriers (A Review)
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Pratama Rusky I. , Safitri Ratu
Published: July 2022

Probiotics have been utilized as an option to treat problems brought on by safe and ecologically friendly pathogenic microorganisms in shrimp and fish farming operations. Probiotics are currently available in powder form (dry form). Using spray drying technology, dry probiotics are produced, with the finished result being a stable powder. In order to regulate the proliferation of harmful bacteria in the digestive tract, these bacteria use a competitive mechanism. Bacillus sp., Saccharomyces cereviceae, and Lactobacillus sp. are among the commonly researched probiotic microorganisms. Microorganisms are blended with a number of carriers, including maltodextrin, wheat flour, and rice flour. The carrier material's main goal is to increase storage process survival. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the viability and development of the probiotic microorganisms included in each carrier material varied. The enclosed substance exhibits highly varied microbial growth. The maximum number was found in the maltodextrin carrier material for the bacteria B. licheniformis and B. subtilis, the rice flour carrier for the bacteria L. brevis and L. curvatus, and the talc carrier for the bacterium L. bulgaricus. These findings suggest that, following encapsulation, probiotic populations and numbers can be maintained in all types of carrier materials. Specific carriers, like tapioca, skim milk, and activated carbon, revealed a greater microbial population than the typical medium. The microbial cells were compressed in the dry carrier material, which is why there was an increase of bacteria following the encapsulation procedure. Probiotic microbe counts increased by 40.7-90.1% for carriers made of activated carbon, 79-94.5% for those made of skim milk, and 31.7-95.7% for those made of tapioca flour. Bacterial cell death during the spray drying process of encapsulation could be the reason for the decline in the population of probiotic bacteria.
4D Printed Multifunctional Composites with Cooling‐Rate Mediated Tunable Shape Morphing
Authors: Roach Devin J. , Sun Xiaohao , Peng Xirui , Demoly Frédéric , Zhou Kun , Qi Hang Jerry
Published: July 2022

Multifunctional composites can accomplish multiple tasks such as shape morphing, sensing, and load bearing using a single structure. Smart materials including liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) and shape memory polymers (SMP) have long been used as the primary components of multifunctional composites because of their shape and property changes in response to external stimuli. However, LCEs can generate rapid and reversible shape changes but are soft and require a constant temperature to retain their deformed shape; SMPs have favorable mechanical properties but few can achieve reversible actuations. Moreover, both LCEs and SMPs have limited capability for tunable shape morphing. Multi‐material 3D printing of smart materials, also known as 4D printing, has seen significant advances enabling the fabrication of composites with novel functionality. In this work, 4D printing is leveraged to create an LCE‐SMP composite that can achieve not only rapid and reversible shape changes, but also cooling‐rate regulated tunable shape morphing. The latter is achieved by harnessing the distinct time‐dependent thermomechanical properties of LCEs and SMPs. Furthermore, the composite has a high stiffness at low temperature to support heavy loads. The LCE‐SMP composite hence offers a novel approach to achieve tunable shape morphing for future engineering applications.
Skin‐Like Transparent Sensor Sheet for Remote Healthcare Using Electroencephalography and Photoplethysmography
Authors: Araki Teppei , Yoshimoto Shusuke , Uemura Takafumi , Miyazaki Aiko , Kurihira Naoko , Kasai Yuko , Harada Yoshiko , Nezu Toshikazu , Iida Hirokazu , Sandbrook Junko , Izumi Shintaro , Sekitani Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2022

The growing demand for efficient home healthcare applications for brain disorder diagnostics and treatment has inspired the development of wearable devices for monitoring brain activity. However, flexible probes that have improved biocompatibility for wearable devices are markedly affected by noise due to contact interface issues. In this study, a stretchable (≤1500% strain) and transparent (over 85% transmittance) biocompatible electrode that steadily adheres to skin is developed to fabricate an imperceptible sheet‐type device that wirelessly records electroencephalograms (EEGs). The multifunctional characteristic of the electrode results from the double‐network structure in an elastomer/conductive additive blend on a metal‐nanowire‐based track, which contributed to EEG monitoring with ultralow noise (≈0.14 µV noise floor) and sleep‐stage classification. Furthermore, the optical transparency enabled camera‐based photoplethysmography to detect pulse waves and blood oxygen saturation without interfering with the light path, which is a crucial factor in realizing a remote healthcare system.