bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Drainage Systems on Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence
Authors: Takroni Radwan , Zagzoog Nirmeen , Patel Nimita , Martyniuk Amanda , Singh Sheila , Farrokhyar Forough , Trivedi Arunachala , Alotaibi Mazen , Algird Almunder
Published: November 2021

Background Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common type of intracranial hemorrhage, especially among the elderly, with a recurrence rate as high as 33%. Little is known about the best type of drainage system and its relationship with recurrence. In this study, we compare the use of two drainage systems on the recurrence rate of CSDH.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 172 CSDH patients treated with bedside twist drill craniostomy (TDC) and subdural drain insertion. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (n = 123) received a pediatric size nasogastric tube [NGT]), whereas group B (n = 49) had a drain commonly used for external ventricular drainage (EVD). Various demographic and radiologic data were collected. Our main outcome was recurrence, defined as symptomatic re-accumulation of hematoma on the previously operated side within 3 months.

Results In all, 212 cases of CSDH were treated in 172 patients. The majority of patients were male (78%) and had a history of previous head trauma (73%). Seventeen cases had recurrence, 11 in group A and 6 in group B. The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents was associated with recurrence (p = 0.038 and 0.05, respectively). There was no difference between both groups in terms of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–4.08; p = 0.573).

Conclusion CSDH is a common disease with a high rate of recurrence. Although using a drain postoperatively has shown to reduce the incidence of recurrence, little is known about the best type of drain to use. Our analysis showed no difference in the recurrence rate between using the pediatric size NGT and the EVD catheter post-TDC.
Surgically Relevant Morphological Parameters of the L5–S1 Interlaminar Window: A Statistical Analysis Based on 3D Reconstruction of CT Data
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Fan Guoxin , Yin Bangde , Zhou Zhi , Qiang Minfei , Wang Jin , Chen Yanxi , Zhang Hailong
Published: November 2021

Background The interlaminar window is the most important anatomical corridor during the posterior approach for lumbar and lumbosacral pathologies. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the L5–S1 interlaminar window including accurate measurements may be beneficial for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to measure relevant surgical parameters of the L5–S1 interlaminar window based on 3D reconstruction of lumbar computed tomography (CT).

Methods Fifty thin-layer CT data were retrospectively collected, segmented, and reconstructed. Relevant surgical parameters included the width, left height, right height, interpedicular distance (IPD), area, and suitable approach area of the L5–S1 interlaminar window. Morphological measurements were performed independently by two experienced experts. Patients with disk herniation at L5–S1 were regarded as group A (n = 28) and those without L5–S1 disk herniation were regarded as group B (n = 22).

Results The average left height, right height, width, and area of the L5–S1 interlaminar window were 9.14 ± 2.45 mm, 9.55 ± 2.46 mm, 23.55 ± 4.91 mm, and 144.57 ± 57.05 mm2, respectively. The average IPD at the superior, middle, and inferior pedicle levels was 29.29 ± 3.39, 27.96 ± 3.38, and 37.46 ± 4.23 mm, respectively, with significant differences among these three parameters (p < 0.05). The average suitable approach areas of the L5–S1 interlaminar window were the following: left axilla—24.52 ± 15.91 mm2; left shoulder—27.14 ± 15.48 mm2; right axilla—29.95 ± 17.17 mm2; and right shoulder—31.12 ± 16.40 mm2 (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups A and B in these parameters (p > 0.05), except the inferior IPD (36.69 ± 3.73 vs. 39.23 ± 3.01 mm, p = 0.017 < 0.05).

Conclusion The morphological measurement of the L5–S1 interlaminar window based on 3D reconstruction provided accurate and reliable reference data for posterior microsurgical and endoscopic approaches as well as percutaneous infiltrations.
Wrap-Clipping for Patients with Ruptured Blood Blister–Like Aneurysms of the Internal Carotid Artery: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Zhai Xiao-Dong , Song Bing-Wei , Xiang Si-Shi , Ren Jian , Li Gui-Lin , He Chuan , Hu Peng , Zhang Hong-Qi
Published: November 2021

Objective Blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are challenging to treat. We assessed the clinical and radiologic outcomes in patients with ruptured BBAs of the ICA treated with wrap-clipping.

Methods From November 2016 to January 2020, the clinical and radiologic data of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ICA BBAs who underwent wrap-clipping were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Radiologic follow-up examinations included digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Results Seven patients were enrolled in this study. All BBAs were wrap-clipped successfully, including two BBAs that exhibited intraoperative bleeding and required balloon-assistance during surgery. All patients had favorable clinical outcomes during follow-up. Among the six patients who completed the radiologic follow-up visit, one patient presented ICA occlusion at the 6-month DSA follow-up, but no neurologic dysfunction was noted. We did not observe the progression of ICA stenosis in other patients.

Conclusion All BBAs in this study were wrap-clipped successfully and completely occluded. Wrap-clipping is effective for BBAs of the ICA and has favorable clinical outcomes. A multicenter study with a large sample size and a longer radiologic follow-up is necessary.
The Assessment of Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women is not Associated to Fetal Growth Restriction: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Marçal Vivian Macedo Gomes , Sousa Francisco Lázaro Pereira , Daher Silvia , Grohmann Raquel Margiotte , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Araujo Júnior Edward , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado
Published: November 2021

Objective To assess maternal serum levels of vitamin D in fetuses appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and with fetal growth restriction (FGR) according to estimated fetal weight (EFW).

Methods This cross-sectional study included 87 pregnant women between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation: 38 in the AGA group, 24 in the SGA group, and 25 in the FGR group. Maternal serum vitamin D levels were assessed using the chemiluminescence method. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the results between the groups.

Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of maternal age (years) and body mass index (kg/m2) in the AGA, SGA, and FGR groups were 25.26 ± 8.40 / 26.57 ± 4.37; 25.04 ± 8.44 / 26.09 ± 3.94; and 25.48 ± 7.52 / 26.24 ± 4.66, respectively (p > 0.05). The maternal serum vitamin D levels (mean ± SD) of the AGA, SGA, and FGR groups were 22.47 ± 8.35 ng/mL, 24.80 ± 10.76 ng/mL, and 23.61 ± 9.98 ng/mL, respectively, but without significant differences between the groups (p = 0.672).

Conclusion Maternal serum vitamin D levels did not present significant differences among pregnant women with AGA, SGA, or FGR fetuses between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation according to EFW.
Differential Diagnosis in Hypophysitis: First Report on a Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Pituitary Gland
Authors: Ahmeti Hajrullah , Jüttner Eva , Röcken Christoph , Jansen Olav , Laudes Matthias , Synowitz Michael
Published: November 2021

Pituitary gland metastases are very rare. Most patients with pituitary gland metastases are asymptomatic; therefore, most cases of this disease are diagnosed during autopsies. Moreover, the four most common primary tumors that metastasize to the pituitary gland are breast, lung, thyroid, and renal carcinomas. We present a very rare case of pituitary metastasis of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Our patient presented with headache, visual disorder, panhypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. Due to tumor expansion, resection was not possible, so diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy, and chemotherapy and irradiation were administered. Our patient showed widespread spindle cell RMS, which harbors a mutation of myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) and is associated with a poor prognosis. Even high-risk patients can show a remission after chemotherapy and irradiation. In the cases with indistinct lesions in the sella region, pituitary metastasis should always be considered.
Treatment of an Elusive Symptomatic Sinus Pericranii: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dominguez Jose F. , Shah Smit , Feldstein Eric , Ng Christina , Li Boyi , Kim Michael , Santarelli Justin , Gandhi Chirag D. , Tyagi Rachana , Tobias Michael
Published: November 2021

Sinus pericranii (SP) are abnormal vascular connections between extracranial scalp venous channels and intracranial dural sinuses. This vascular abnormality rarely results in significant sequelae, but in select cases, it can be symptomatic. We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with an SP who experienced intermittent visual, motor, and sensory symptoms not previously described in the literature. Her symptoms resolved after surgical treatment of the SP. We propose a mechanism for her symptoms and the rationale for the role of neurosurgical intervention along with a review of the literature.
Association of the Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation with the Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sampaio Adalberto Cruz , Matos Francisco Facundo de , Lopes Lucas de Lucena , Marques Ítalo Marcelo Maia , Tavares Ravel Moreira , Fernandes Marcus Vinicius de Macedo , Teixeira Maria Raquel Vieira da Silva , Brito Alessandra Bezerra de , Feitosa Andrea Couto , Guedes Tarciana Oliveira , Mota Magaly Lima
Published: November 2021

Objective To analyze the scientific production regarding maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation and its relationship with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).

Data Sources We performed unrestricted electronic searches in the BIREME virtual bank, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) databases.

Selection of Studies For sample selection, articles that met the proposed objectives were included, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, the use of Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): autistic OR autism AND autism spectrum disorder AND folic acid, AND, with the use of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): autistic OR autism AND autistic spectrum disorder AND folic acid.

Data Collection Data extraction was performed by the reviewers with a preestablished data collection formulary.

Data Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used based on a checklist with 27 items and a 4-step flowchart.

Results A total of 384 articles was found by the search strategies, of which 17 were eligible following the pre-established criteria. The main findings of the present review point to maternal FA supplementation in the pre-conception period and beginning of pregnancy as a protective effect in relation to ASD, which should be indicated in this period as prevention to the problem.

Conclusion According to the research analyzed, more studies are necessary to know its effects on pregnancy, since the consumption of excessive FA may not be innocuous.
Fetal Complications in COVID-19 Infected Pregnant Woman: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Agolli Arjola , Agolli Olsi , Velazco Diana Fiorela Sánchez , Ahammed Md Ripon , Patel Mehrie , Cardona-Guzman Jose , Garimella Radhika , Rummaneethorn Natcha , Bista Seema , Abreu Rafael , Czapp Nikole , Garcia Manuel
Published: November 2021

Background Pregnancy is an immunocompromised state and, for this reason, a pregnant woman is at a higher risk of getting infected as compared with a healthy individual. There is limited data available regarding the impact of COVD-19 on pregnancy; however, the case of miscarriage due to placental infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in second trimester has already been reported.

Methods We searched for all published articles in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase. The literature search produced 167 relevant publications; 67 manuscripts were further excluded because they did not satisfy our inclusion criteria. Out of the remaining 100 articles, 78 were excluded after full text screening. Therefore, a total of 22 articles were eligible for review in our study.

Results Overall, these 22 studies included a total of 7,034 participants: 2,689 (38.23%) SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women, of which 2,578 (95.87%) were laboratory confirmed and 111 (4.13%) were clinically diagnosed. Among the positive patients, there were 174 (6.47%) cases of abortion, of them 168 (96.55%) were spontaneous abortions and 6 (3.45%) were missed. Most patients either reported mild symptoms of fever, cough, fatigue, and anosmia or they presented asymptomatic.

Conclusion Additional investigation and rigorous research are warranted to confirm placental pathology mechanisms concerning COVID-19 to protect maternal and fetal health.
Practice Patterns for the Acceptance of Medically Complex Living Kidney Donors with Hematuria, Sickle Cell Trait, Smoking, Illegal Drug Use, or Urological Issues: A Multinational Survey
Authors: Arabi Ziad , Hamad Abdullah , Bukhari Muhammad , Altheaby Abdulrahman , Kaysi Saleh
Published: November 2021

Background To review the practice patterns for the acceptance of medically complex living kidney donors (MCLKD) among the transplant providers of the international transplant community.

Methods We distributed a survey globally, through major international transplantation societies, among nephrologists and transplant surgeons (TS). The survey contained questions regarding potential donors with microscopic hematuria, sickle cell trait, renal cysts, kidney stones, smoking, or illegal drug use.

Results There were 239 respondents from 29 countries, including nephrologists (42%) and TS (58%). Although most respondents would investigate microscopic hematuria, one-third of them indicated they would decline these potential donors without investigation. Interestingly, most respondents accepted heavy smokers, intermittent illegal drug users (with advice to quit), and those with incidentally identified kidney stones, remote history of renal colic or simple renal cysts. We found multiple areas of consensus in practice with some interesting differences between nephrologists and TS.

Conclusions This survey highlights the practice patterns of the acceptance of MCLKDs among the international community. In the absence of clear guidelines, this survey provides additional information to counsel kidney donors with microscopic hematuria, sickle cell trait, renal cysts, kidney stones, heavy smoking, or illegal drug use.
Boosting promotes advantageous risk-taking
Authors: Folke Tomas , Bertoldo Giulia , D’Souza Darlene , Alì Sonia , Stablum Federica , Ruggeri Kai
Published: November 2021

Due to the prevalence and importance of choices with uncertain outcomes, it is essential to establish what interventions improve risky decision-making, how they work, and for whom. Two types of low-intensity behavioural interventions are promising candidates: nudges and boosts. Nudges guide people to better decisions by altering how a choice is presented, without restricting any options or modifying the underlying payoff matrix. Boosts, on the other hand, teach people decision strategies that focus their attention on key aspects of the choice, which allows them to make more informed decisions. A recent study compared these two types of interventions and found that boosts worked better for risky choices aimed at maximising gains, whereas nudges worked best for choices aimed at minimising losses. Though intriguing, these findings could not be easily interpreted because of a limitation in the items used. Here we replicate that study, with an extended item set. We find that boosts work by promoting risk-taking when it is beneficial, whereas nudges have a consistent (lesser) impact, regardless of whether risk-taking is beneficial or not. These results suggest that researchers and policymakers should consider the base rate risk propensity of the target population when designing decision-support systems.
A scalable 3D tissue culture pipeline to enable functional therapeutic screening for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Cummins Katherine A. , Bitterman Peter B. , Tschumperlin Daniel J. , Wood David K.
Published: November 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease targeting the alveolar gas exchange apparatus, leading to death by asphyxiation. IPF progresses on a tissue scale through aberrant matrix remodeling, enhanced cell contraction, and subsequent microenvironment densification. Although two pharmaceuticals modestly slow progression, IPF patient survival averages less than 5 years. A major impediment to therapeutic development is the lack of high-fidelity models that account for the fibrotic microenvironment. Our goal is to create a three-dimensional (3D) platform to enable lung fibrosis studies and recapitulate IPF tissue features. We demonstrate that normal lung fibroblasts encapsulated in collagen microspheres can be pushed toward an activated phenotype, treated with FDA-approved therapies, and their fibrotic function quantified using imaging assays (extracellular matrix deposition, contractile protein expression, and microenvironment compaction). Highlighting the system's utility, we further show that fibroblasts isolated from IPF patient lungs maintain fibrotic phenotypes and manifest reduced fibrotic function when treated with epigenetic modifiers. Our system enables enhanced screening due to improved predictability and fidelity compared to 2D systems combined with superior tractability and throughput compared to 3D systems.
Research on the conduction process of laser triggered vacuum switch
Authors: Shi Rui , Kong Lingkai , Li Jie
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the conduction process of the Laser Triggered Vacuum Switch (LTVS) is studied. First, the velocity, density, and temperature of the initial plasma in the LTVS are simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. It is found that the generation and development of the initial plasma are at the ns level. Second, the pre-breakdown current test circuit of the LTVS is established. It is found that when the applied voltage at both ends of the switch is 60 V, the multi-rod LTVS is successfully conducted, and then, the current becomes the conduction current and the voltage applied at both ends of the switch decreases significantly. Finally, the images of the LTVS vacuum arc are taken. With the increase in laser energy, the more abundant the initial plasma is, the lower the required gap voltage is. When the current increases to a certain value, the vacuum arc appears in multiple discharge channels, which makes the arc have a diffusion morphology. It is found that the current withstand capacity of a single channel is about 50 kA. As the multi-rod LTVS has three channels, its current withstand capacity can reach 150 kA.
A strain-driven thermotropic phase boundary in BaTiO3 at room temperature by cycling compression
Authors: Ren Yifeng , Li Jiayi , Zhao Yunlei , Ciston Jim , Bustillo Karen , Zhang Ruopeng , Dong Hongliang , Chen Zhiqiang , Minor Andrew M. , Deng Yu
Published: November 2021

In BaTiO3 single crystals, we observed a strain-driven phase transition from the tetragonal phase to the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase boundary which can be introduced by slow cycling compressions (a loading of up to 0.5 GPa, strain rate of 10−4 s−1, and 100 cycles) at room temperature. Different from the well-known tetragonal to cubic phase transition under stress (∼2 GPa), it only takes place locally around bent 90° domain walls. The inhomogeneous local stress and electrical fields as well as the mobile point defect pinning effect contribute to the phase re-entrance. Through comparison experiments by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, we explored the phase transition mechanism. Based on that, we developed a mechanical method to obtain well-stabilized high-density thermotropic phase boundary structures (with tetragonal, orthorhombic, and bridging monoclinic phases) in BaTiO3 for potential applications.
Effect of surfactants on the morphology of ferroelectric crystals grown from MXene
Authors: Tu Shaobo , Li Jiahui , Zhang Xixiang , Liu Xingjun , Tang Jiancheng
Published: November 2021

In this study, we demonstrate the effects of surfactants on the morphology of Nb2C MXene-derived ferroelectric KNbO3 crystals. We synthesized plate-like KNbO3 crystals using Nb2C MXene and KOH as niobium and potassium sources, respectively, and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant. In addition, we conducted the same hydrothermal process for Nb2C MXene and KOH as niobium and potassium sources, respectively, and benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a surfactant; we found that the final product exhibits bulk morphology. We show that the morphology of MXene-derived KNbO3 crystals is strongly related to the interaction between the MXene flakes and the functional groups of the surfactant during the hydrothermal process.
Quantitative Methods in Brain Tumor Imaging
Authors: Goryawala Mohammed , Weinberg Brent , Shim Hyunsuk
Published: November 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role to play in the care of patients with brain injury or disease, but other forms of clinical imaging are also useful. For cancer patients, MRI is often used in initial diagnosis, treatment planning, and continued follow-up. Here, the many variations of MRI, from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted, perfusion-weighted, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and other data collection methods provide MRI with the ability to highlight many different physiologic and metabolic properties of cancer. Quantitative methods in brain imaging have the ability to guide physicians as they work with patients to make clinical decisions about their care. This chapter will focus on the use of MRI in the detection, diagnosing, staging, and therapy monitoring of brain tumors, but reference to other imaging methods in the brain is also noted.
Future Directions in Quantitative Imaging
Authors: Nordstrom Robert J.
Published: November 2021

There is no doubt that quantitative imaging (QI) is beginning to influence radiology practice. Methods to quantify features in clinical images exist for all modes of imaging and for all organ sites. So, the question is not “Will QI become an important part of clinical decision making?” but rather the question is “How quickly will QI occur, and to what degree?” It is reasonable, therefore, to look at the near-term future of QI and categorize the barriers to its acceptance in clinical workflow.
Barriers and facilitators to engagement with artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots for sexual and reproductive health advice: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Nadarzynski Tom , Puentes Vannesa , Pawlak Izabela , Mendes Tania , Montgomery Ian , Bayley Jake , Ridge Damien
Published: November 2021

Background The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) provides opportunities for demand management of sexual and reproductive health services. Conversational agents/chatbots are increasingly common, although little is known about how this technology could aid services. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for engagement with sexual health chatbots to advise service developers and related health professionals. Methods In January–June 2020, we conducted face-to-face, semi-structured and online interviews to explore views on sexual health chatbots. Participants were asked to interact with a chatbot, offering advice on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and relevant services. Participants were UK-based and recruited via social media. Data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results Forty participants (aged 18–50 years; 64% women, 77% heterosexual, 58% white) took part. Many thought chatbots could aid sex education, providing useful information about STIs and sign-posting to sexual health services in a convenient, anonymous and non-judgemental way. Some compared chatbots to health professionals or Internet search engines and perceived this technology as inferior, offering constrained content and interactivity, limiting disclosure of personal information, trust and perceived accuracy of chatbot responses. Conclusions Despite mixed attitudes towards chatbots, this technology was seen as useful for anonymous sex education but less suitable for matters requiring empathy. Chatbots may increase access to clinical services but their effectiveness and safety need to be established. Future research should identify which chatbots designs and functions lead to optimal engagement with this innovation.
Influence of the physical properties of pumice and biochar amendments on the soil’s mobile and immobile water: implications for use in saline environments
Authors: Kong Chao , Camps-Arbestain Marta , Clothier Brent
Published: November 2021

Context Biochar and pumice have potential to improve soil water retention and mitigate salinity. However, little is known about their effect on salt transport in sandy soils. Aims We investigated the influence of the porosity and pore size distribution of soil amendments with pumice and biochar on the mobile water content of a New Zealand sandy soil. Methods Pumice and biochar (1.5-cm, 3-cm and 6-cm in diameter, Ø) were characterised using scanning electron microscope technology. The fraction of mobile water present in these amendments, previously added to a sandy soil at different application rates and particle sizes, was determined using a tracer (Na+) technique. Key results (1) Pumice exhibited a wider pore-size span than biochar; and (2) both materials had a predominance of pores with Ø < 30 μm; but (3) the total porosity in pumice and biochar was not significantly different; (4) pumice had a significantly larger (P < 0.05) mean absolute micro-scale porosity than biochar; and (5) a significantly greater (P < 0.05) relative resident Na+ concentration than biochar, irrespective of the particle size. Conclusions These results reflect a larger fraction of the mobile water in pumice than that of biochar under near-saturated conditions, irrespective of the biochar particle size; and this increased as the pumice particle size increased. Implications While both materials are expected to contribute to water retention and thus might alleviate salt-stress by diluting salt concentration, pumice may perform better than this specific biochar on improving the retention of plant-available water.
Gravel-associated organic material is important to quantify soil carbon and nitrogen stocks to depth in an agricultural cropping soil
Authors: Kirkby Clive A. , Kirkegaard John A. , Richardson Alan E.
Published: November 2021

Context Gravel is a common constituent in soil and is routinely excluded when estimating soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks. Aims We investigated the contribution that the gravel fraction (>2 mm) makes to C and N stocks in an agricultural soil. Methods The amount of gravel and the C and N content of gravel-associated organic matter (OM) was assessed to 180 cm in a long-term cropping soil with differing nutrient treatments. Key results Gravel-associated C and N accounted for ∼5% of the total C and N stocks in the upper layers (0–30 cm) of soil and up to 40% below 100 cm. The C:N ratio of the gravel-associated OM was similar to that in fine earth fraction (FEF) soil, with C:N ratio of ∼13 in surface layers to ∼8 at depth. Conclusions We estimated that 19% and 23% of the total stock of C and N, respectively, were associated with gravel over the whole soil profile. In the two nutrient treatments, with differing C and N stocks in the FEF, gravel-associated OM accounted for 9.3–10.6 t C ha−1 and 1.1–1.3 t N ha−1. Implications Our work highlights the significance of gravel in contributing to soil OM and the importance of sampling to depth to estimate soil C and N stocks. Importantly, disregard of the gravel fraction results in an underestimation of total soil C and N, which has implications for the accounting of C in agricultural soils and for the development of strategies to sequester soil C.
Focus fronting vs. wh-movement
Authors: Cruschina Silvio
Published: November 2021

It is commonly held that focus fronting exhibits similar properties to wh-movement. The syntactic parallelism between the two types of movement has been supported by the semantic analyses of wh-questions that assume that when wh-words function as interrogative operators, they are inherently focal. The main goal of this paper is to challenge this highly attractive picture of the relationship between wh-words, focus, and movement, and to claim that wh-phrases are not inherently focal. The results of a prosodic production experiment on the distribution of the nuclear pitch accent in Sardinian wh-questions, together with the syntactic properties related to the asymmetry between direct and indirect wh-questions, form the empirical basis of this study.
Differential object marking and scale reversals
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina , Pineda Anna
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on some problematic aspects of the diachrony of differential object marking in Old Catalan and Old Romanian (11th to 17th centuries). Corpus data from both languages reveal two unexpected facts: (i) there is a prominence of 3rd person to the exclusion of 1st and 2nd person, contrary to what the Animacy/Person scale would predict; (ii) differential marking appears to be present on nominals (especially proper names), to the exclusion of pronouns, this time contrary to the Specificity/Definiteness Scale. The account we propose for these types of scale reversals builds on the idea that languages can have more than one differential object marking strategy, as well as more than one type of structure for pronouns and animate nominals. Moreover, the co-existence of various mechanisms for nominal licensing can explain why, in some instances, classes lower down the hierarchies can get signaled to the exclusion of higher ones.
A Grammar of Authority?
Authors: Gerstenberg Annette , Skupien-Dekens Carine
Published: November 2021

Directive Speech Acts (dsas) are a major feature of historical pragmatics, specifically in research on historical (im)politeness. However, for Classical French, there is a lack of research on related phenomena. In our contribution, we present two recently constructed corpora covering the period of Classical French,sermoandapwcf.We present these corpora in terms of their genre characteristics on a communicative–functional and socio-pragmatic level. Based on the observation that, both insermoandapwcf,dsas frequently occur together with terms of address, we analyse and manually code a sample based on this co-occurrence, and we compare the results with regard to special features in the individual corpora. The emerging patterns show a clear correspondence between socio-pragmatic factors and the linguistic means used to realisedsas. We propose that these results can be interpreted as signs of an underlying “grammar of authority”.
L2 acquisition of definiteness in Japanese floating numeral quantifiers
Authors: Kume Keisuke , Marsden Heather
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the second language (L2) acquisition of a constraint on definiteness in Japanese floating numeral quantifiers (NQs) by native English and Korean speakers. The constraint arises because of the specific structural relation between a floating NQ and its associated noun, resulting in an obligatorily indefinite interpretation. The indirect – or, covert – encoding of definiteness in this structure allows investigation of predictions based on the cline of difficulty proposed by Cho and Slabakova (2014), whereby L2 acquisition of a covert property may be facilitated if the first language (L1) expresses the relevant feature overtly. English is such a language, having overt morphology to express definiteness, whereas Korean has floating NQs that are obligatorily, and covertly, indefinite, as in Japanese. Sensitivity to definiteness in Japanese floating NQs was measured using an acceptability judgement task. Although both L1-Korean and L1-English speakers of Japanese showed sensitivity to the constraint at group level, follow-up analyses suggested that the Korean group had more consistent knowledge. We argue that the complexity of the acquisition task – which was greater for the English-speakers than the Korean-speakers – played a bigger role in attainment than overt versus covert encoding of the relevant feature in the L1.
Research on optimal path planning of indoor robot based on wireless sensor
Authors: Wang Shouwen
Published: November 2021

Based on the work tasks and positioning characteristics of indoor robots, the environment is divided into grids, and wireless sensors are used to detect obstacles, and the density of obstacles in each grid is given. At the same time, the path planning algorithm is combined to realize the optimal path planning of indoor robot. The simulation results show that the wireless sensor network can realize the obstacle density detection, so that the robot can achieve fast optimal path planning and reach the target point.
Design and behaviour of the Large Hadron Collider external beam dumps capable of receiving 539 MJ/dump
Authors: Maestre J. , Torregrosa C. , Kershaw K. , Bracco C. , Coiffet T. , Ferrari M. , Franqueira Ximenes R. , Gilardoni S. , Grenier D. , Lechner A. , Maire V. , Martin Ruiz J.M. , Matheson E. , Solieri N. , Perillo-Marcone A. , Polzin T. , Rizzoglio V. , Senajova D. , Sharp C. , Timmins M. , Calviani M.
Published: November 2021

Two 6 t beam dumps, made of a graphite core encapsulated in
a stainless steel vessel, are used to absorb the energy of the two
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) intense proton beams during operation of
the accelerator. Operational issues started to appear in 2015 during
LHC Run 2 (2014–2018) as a consequence of the progressive increase
of the LHC beam kinetic energy, necessitating technical
interventions in the highly radioactive areas around the
dumps. Nitrogen gas leaks appeared after highly energetic beam
impacts and instrumentation measurements indicated an initially
unforeseen movement of the dumps. A computer modelling analysis
campaign was launched to understand the origin of these issues,
including both Monte Carlo simulations to model the proton beam
interaction as well as advanced thermo-mechanical analyses. The main
ﬁndings were that the amount of instantaneous energy deposited in
the dump vessel leads to a strong dynamic response of the whole dump
and high accelerations (above 200 g). Based on these ﬁndings, an
upgraded design, including a new support system and beam windows,
was implemented to ensure the dumps' compatibility with the more
intense beams foreseen during LHC Run 3 (2022–2025) of 539 MJ per
beam. In this paper an integral overview of the operational
behaviour of the dumps and the upgraded configurations are
discussed.
Enhancement of nutritional value on zooplankton by alteration of algal media composition: A review
Authors: Ramlee A , Chembaruthy M , Gunaseelan H , Yatim S R M , Taufek H , Rasdi N W
Published: November 2021

In aquaculture, fish larvae regularly need a balanced diet according to the timescale because such diets essential for constant growth and reproduction and can avoid malnutrition. Thus, the use of live food organisms is critical as it will first feed for fish larvae. Studies have shown that zooplankton have more excellent digestibility and are suitable as live prey species for different sizes than other live foods (e.g. rotifer and Artemia). However, zooplankton nutrition still needs to improve to meet the nutritional requirement for fish larvae. Feeding zooplankton with well-nourished microalgae is important as it affects the nutritional value of the zooplankton. Algal growth is related to micronutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus or selenium) supply in the culture medium and the availability of nutrients affects the quality of the algal. Thus, by enriching the algal diet with micronutrients from the culture media, the nutritional value of zooplankton can be improved. This review focuses on the nutritional value of zooplankton through the manipulation of algal media composition as well as wastewater. The relation between the composition of algal media and nitrogen and phosphorus limitation are also discussed. The review links the microalgae nutrient essential with manipulating algal media composition and the change of zooplankton nutrients.
The effect of enriched cyclopoid copepods on the coloration and feeding rate of Betta splendens
Authors: Yuslan A , Nasir N , Suhaimi H , Arshad A , Rasdi N W
Published: November 2021

Copepods with a wide range of sizes, species, and nutritional compositions are preferred as live food for rearing of Betta splendens larvae. This research focuses on evaluating the efficiency of copepod enrichment diets in improving the coloration and feeding rate of B. splendens. Copepod were enriched withChlorellasp. (T1), capsicum (T2), mixed vegetable (carrot + spinach), (T3), yeast (T4) and rice bran (T5) in 24 hours prior the feeding tests. As a result, proximate analysis of enriched-copepods showed that T1 (70.88±0.41) has highest protein content and T5 (22.01±0.59) has the highest lipid content. The specific growth rate and survival rate of B. splendens was highest in the treatment T1 (2.56±0.07%; 91.11±1.92%) and followed closely by T3 (2.49±0.51%; 85.55±8.39%). Feeding rate, T3 (70.08±3.88%) presented highest rate compared to other treatments. The different enrichment diets used were significantly impact the coloration test on body of L* value (P=0.001, P<0.05), T3 (66.11±3.60) appeared darker in color in contrast to others. As for a* value, the coloration was not impacted with the use of different enrichment on copepods (P=0.158, P>0.05) was detected for T1 (2.84±0.73) that gave a redder shade than other treatments did. T3 (2.40±0.30) exerted a more yellowish shade than the rest for b* value with a significant difference (P=0.015, P<0.05). The current study demonstrates that, rice bran, capsicum and mixed vegetable enrichment (carrot and spinach) have the potential to be an effective means of increasing B. splendens coloring and feeding rate. This potential diet can be further used as a substitution to artificial foods in producing sustainable culture of ornamental fish in the aquaculture industry.
Coastal Area Management through the Eco blue Sea concept in the settlement of tribe Bajo, Torokeku Village
Authors: Nurdin I N , Fajriah  , Sari S F , Suwarjoyowirayatno  , Isamu K T
Published: November 2021

Coastal management is an important issue for most regions of the world. This is because the initial activities in the fisheries and marine sector began in this area, ranging from capture fisheries, aquaculture, processing of fishery products to marketing. But in reality the management of coastal areas is not optimal and evenly distributed, even though fishery and marine resources have high economic and ecological value, as happened in the coastal area of Torokeku Village. This study aims to determine the appropriate community development approach strategy through the eco blue sea concept in order to maintain fisheries and marine resources found in the coastal area of the Bajo tribal community in Torokeku Village, South Konawe Regency. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative analysis method. Collecting data through direct survey techniques in the field. The results obtained show that community-based coastal area management by seeking the development of coastal communities can be carried out through structural and non-structural approaches, so that in order to maintain these resources, their management must be carried out in a planned and integrated manner and able to provide the greatest benefit to all stakeholders, especially coastal communities, and minimize impacts and conflicts that may potentially occur.
The socio-economic effect on microplastic pollution of boiled salted fish
Authors: Gunawan G , Effendi H , Warsiki E
Published: November 2021

Boiled salted fish is one of the favorite fish processing commodities in Bogor. Every year its production increase in line with potential health hazards for consumers, one of which is caused by contamination of raw materials by microplastics. The socio-economic of people were suspected of having influenced the occurrence of the contamination. The study area took place in Bogor, aiming to analyze the correlation between socio-economic and microplastic contamination in boiled salted fish. The purposive sampling method was used in this study on 150 consumers representing gender, age, education, occupation, and income. The result was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using the likelihood ratio, wald, and odds ratio test to determine which variables had the most influence. The analytical results showed that the variables of gender and education had a significant correlation (95%) with 0.5-7 times of risk. It is shown in the wald result, and the odds ratio is 2.619-17.182 (more than x2
(df,a) value) and 0.453-7.044. It can be concluded that the potential of microplastic contamination in boiled salted fish correlated with gender and level of education and can be controlled by enhancing the understanding of gender groups through improving public education to a higher level.
Eel (Anguilla spp.) fishing activity in Poso Area Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Lukman L , Triyanto T , Haryani G S , Samir O , Gogali L , Bandjolu K P
Published: November 2021

Poso in Sulawesi, primarily the Lake Poso and Poso River, is known as eel (Anguilla spp.) fishing areas. Therefore, research of eel fishing is required as base information for evaluating and determining policies for its activities. The eel fishing research in the Poso area was conducted through primary data observations, secondary data traces, and interviews from April to June 2021. The fishing activities take place in the Lake Poso and Poso River shore and the rivers of the lake inlets. The fishing gear that contributed greatly to the catch was fence traps and spears. The local community’s fence trap called waya is a unique gear only found in this area, and it is installed in Poso River around the lake outlets. The gears block the rivers to catch downstream migration eels. The spear is fishing gear (including for eels) operated at night in shallow waters, especially in the outlets of Lake Poso. The eel production recorded from the Poso areas for the last four years has been 6.7–15.5 tons per year, and the highest production was in Pamona Puselemba.
Assessing horseshoe crab avoidance response of flicker and continuous red-light LED: Gillnets bycatch mitigation
Authors: Rahayu R , Fuah R W , Wahju R I , Mawardi W , Agustina I , Arif M , Salmarika S
Published: November 2021

The horseshoe crab has the important roles as macrobenthos, but it is unfriendly for gillnets fisheries because it can damage the fishing net. The horseshoe crab is an ancient, rare, and protected animal so that the fishermen unable to utilize it, so the effort like mitigations need to be conducted like using red light LED. To avoid the learning behavior of horseshoe crab, so that the technology used is red light LED continuous then the red light led with flicker is used as a comparison. This study aims to determine the right type of red-light LED for horseshoe crab bycatch mitigation by the response pattern. The method used was a laboratory experiment. There are 20 adult horseshoe crabs used. The analysis used was descriptively comparative. The results showed that the red-light LED with flicker was most avoided by horseshoe crabs, which is 75%, while the fastest response of horseshoe crab in avoiding light was found in the light with a flicker effect of 22.97 seconds. Based on the horseshoe crab’s response, it can be concluded that the red LED light flicker is better than the red LED continuous as an alternative technology for the mitigation of horseshoe crab bycatch.
Analysis of primary productivity and trophic status of Kuala Gigieng waters Aceh Besar for sustainable fisheries management
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Dewiyanti I , Yunus M , Mellisa S , Octavina C
Published: November 2021

Kuala Gigieng is one of the estuary areas in Aceh Besar Regency. This research is about the analysis of chlorophyll-a and trophic status of Kuala Gigieng waters in the context of sustainable fisheries management. This research was conducted in April 2019 in the water of Kuala Gigieng. This study aims to determine the trophic status of the waters, the value of chlorophyll-a and the abundance of phytoplankton in the Kuala Gigieng waters. Determination of observation stations using random stratified sampling method. Analysis of chlorophyll-a using the Trichomatic method. Analysis of the trophic status of the waters with the Trix method. The results showed that the waters of Kuala Gigieng were categorized as high fertility (eutrophic). The value of chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.21 u.g/l - 5.56 ug/l, and the value of net primary productivity (NPP) ranged from 3.47-27.77 mgC/m3/hour and the value of gross primary productivity (GPP) ranged from 5.20-32.98 mgC/m3/hour. Meanwhile, the abundance of plankton ranged from 133.33-207.40 ind/l. Water quality parameters are still suitable for the growth of plankton in Kuala Gigieng waters.
Sustainability analysis of pelagic fisheries using purse seine at Ujong Serangga Fishing Port, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Chaliluddin M A , Yuliana M , Rizqi R , Rizwan T , Rusydi I , Nellyana R , Syahputra F
Published: November 2021

Analysis of the sustainability of pelagic fisheries using purse seine at the Ujong Serangga fishing port is an analysis to determine the level of fisheries sustainability by maintaining a balance between the level of exploitation and the level of utilization of fish resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the sustainability of pelagic fisheries and the most influential factors on the sustainability of pelagic fisheries. This study applied descriptive method with a survey technique. The analysis used is RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). The results of the RAPFISH analysis show that the ecological dimension is at a moderate level of sustainability, the economic dimension is at a less sustainable level, the social dimension is at a sustainable level, while the technological dimension is at a moderately sustainable level. Fishing catch that affect the sustainability of pelagic fisheries with purse seine are the ecological dimension by-catch. The economic dimension, assistance from the government with a score of 18.27 and attributes of working capital sources. The social dimension, fisherman’s education and the technological dimension, pre-sale management.