bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lanthanide Ion‐Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals in Electroluminescent Device
Authors: Pan Jia‐Lin , Yu Yan‐Jun , Wang Ya‐Kun , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: April 2024

Lanthanide ions doped in perovskite (LIDP) nanocrystals (NCs) provide an effective way to utilize the emission of lanthanide metals in a solution‐processable way, combining the theoretical photoluminance quantum yield (PLQY) of ≈200%. To utilize advantages, LIDP‐NCs have inspired studies exploring the fundamental physics of energy transfer, including the up‐conversion or down‐conversion process, and the optoelectronic applications of solar cells and white light‐emitting didoes. This review broadens the scope of LIDP nanocrystal matrix semiconductors in electroluminescence devices in the near‐infrared (NIR) range (>900 nm). A research is summarized on the synergistic effect of lanthanide ions and perovskite matrix in the near‐infrared region, and discuss from the perspective of fabrication of lanthanide‐based electroluminescent devices using perovskite materials as the matrix. The multiple optical transitions, bandgap tunability, and quantum‐cutting effect to provide a tutorial on understanding LIDP‐NCs are started. The details of synthesizing LIDP materials and aim to lay the foundation for preparing NIR electroluminescent devices with high efficiency and application value are then illustrated. The scientific issues that limit the performance of LIDP NCs‐based electroluminescent devices and discuss the potential strategies for the future development of LIDP material are focused on.
Atomically Precise Bottom‐Up Fabrication of Ultra‐Narrow Semiconducting Zigzag BiP Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhou Dechun , Feng Yisui , Zhang Lei , Gao Wenjin , Li Heping , Li Hui , Zhou Miao , Niu Tianchao
Published: April 2024

1D semiconductors with atomically precise edge and well‐controlled width hold significant promise as channel materials for next‐generation electronics. Here a method to fabricate the narrowest zigzag‐edged bismuth phosphide (BiP) nanoribbons (NRs) is presented, achieving widths of three atoms (≈0.7 nm), through molecular beam epitaxy on bismuthene in a wide P coverage range. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and first‐principles calculations, it is revealed that these BiP NRs exhibit a blue‐phosphorene‐like structure, with a theoretical bandgap of 0.38 eV. Notably, first‐principles calculations reveal spin‐polarized states located on the zigzag edges, presenting an option for spintronics applications. Formation of these uniform BiP NRs is attributed to tensile strain from lattice‐registry confinement. During epitaxial growth, P clusters act dually as feedstock and catalysts, suggesting a self‐catalyzed growth mechanism. The bottom‐up strategy offers an effective approach for the atomically precise fabrication of 1D BiP NRs, paving the way for the creation of diverse low‐dimensional binary materials with tailored chemical and electronic properties, facilitated by selecting suitable elemental 2D materials as substrates.
Formation and Microwave Losses of Hydrides in Superconducting Niobium Thin Films Resulting from Fluoride Chemical Processing
Authors: Torres‐Castanedo Carlos G. , Goronzy Dominic P. , Pham Thang , McFadden Anthony , Materise Nicholas , Masih Das Paul , Cheng Matthew , Lebedev Dmitry , Ribet Stephanie M. , Walker Mitchell J. , Garcia‐Wetten David A. , Kopas Cameron J. , Marshall Jayss , Lachman Ella , Zhelev Nikolay , Sauls James A. , Mutus Joshua Y. , McRae Corey Rae H. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Bedzyk Michael J. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: April 2024

Superconducting niobium (Nb) thin films have recently attracted significant attention due to their utility for quantum information technologies. In the processing of Nb thin films, fluoride‐based chemical etchants are commonly used to remove surface oxides that are known to affect superconducting quantum devices adversely. However, these same etchants can also introduce hydrogen to form Nb hydrides, potentially negatively impacting microwave loss performance. Here, comprehensive materials characterization of Nb hydrides formed in Nb thin films as a function of fluoride chemical treatments is presented. In particular, secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, X‐ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy reveal the spatial distribution and phase transformation of Nb hydrides. The rate of hydride formation is determined by the fluoride solution acidity and the etch rate of Nb2O5, which acts as a diffusion barrier for hydrogen into Nb. The resulting Nb hydrides are detrimental to Nb superconducting properties and lead to increased power‐independent microwave loss in coplanar waveguide resonators. However, Nb hydrides do not correlate with two‐level system loss or device aging mechanisms. Overall, this work provides insight into the formation of Nb hydrides and their role in microwave loss, thus guiding ongoing efforts to maximize coherence time in superconducting quantum devices.
Organic Anodes with Nearly 100% Initial Coulombic Efficiency Enabled by Wet‐Chemically Constructed Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Film toward High‐Energy‐Density Organic Full Batteries
Authors: Hu Zhongli , Liu Junjie , Zhao Xiaolin , Zhan Xiao , Wang Huiqun , Yang Huiping , Wu Jiedu , Fang Xiaoliang , Zhang Qiaobao , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Li
Published: April 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) built on inorganic anodes have achieved great commercial success. By contrast, the practical application of organic anode materials encounters key bottlenecks including electronic insulation, high solubility, and poor initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). Among them, improving ICEs (normally 30–60%) faces enormous challenges in both theory and technology, and there has been no substantial breakthrough yet. Herein, a wet chemical pretreatment technology to increase the ICE of maleic acid (MA)‐based anodes from 43.2% to nearly 100% is proposed for the first time, and this strategy demonstrates universal applicability. Typically, the wet chemical pretreatment involves reacting with lithium‐biphenyl to form LixMA intermediates (x = 4–6) and further forming a compact artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film through the spontaneous reaction between active LixMA and battery organic electrolytes. This wet chemically‐constructed artificial SEI layer can almost completely suppress lithium loss in the initial cycle of the MA electrode and significantly boost the actual output energy density, rate capability, and cycling durability of MA anode‐based full batteries. Significantly, the study further demonstrated that a series of organic anode materials with high ICEs can be achieved through similar wet chemical pretreatment. This work will open up the true application of high‐ICE organic anodes in LIBs.
Ultrafast Molecular Diagnosis‐Based Solid‐Phase Photonic PCR for Respiratory Pathogen Variant Discrimination
Authors: Seo Sung Eun , Kim Kyung Ho , Oh Hanseul , Kim Jinyeong , Kim Soomin , Kim Yu Kyung , Hong Jung Joo , Ko Kyong‐Cheol , Cho Haein , Lee Do‐Yeon , Kim Hyoung‐il , Lee Kyoung G. , Kwon Oh Seok
Published: April 2024

The need for an accurate and rapid diagnosis platform for highly contagious viruses, such as pandemic viruses, has rapidly increased. Conventional diagnostic methods in the initial stage of quarantine for the prevention of epidemic spread have encountered limitations such as a long operation time, occupation of a large space, and high cost per single operation. Here, a highly sensitive and selective portable diagnostic platform based on solid‐phase photonic polymerase chain reaction (SP‐PCR) is reported. The thermal cycle is operated by the photothermal energy converted from the photon energy of a light‐emitting diode (LED) through a gold layer to phonons. The formation of an amplicon, which is immobilized through N‐heterocyclic carbene, is confirmed through fluorescence on the surface of the miniaturized SP‐PCR chip. The practical applicability of the newly developed diagnosis platform for the recognition of the presence of a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific genome sequence is demonstrated utilizing 100 clinical samples, including 72 COVID‐19‐positive clinical samples and 28 negative samples.
Revealing the Indispensable Role of In Situ Electrochemically Reconstructed Mn(II)/Mn(III) in Improving the Performance of Lithium‐Carbon Dioxide Batteries
Authors: Liu Limin , Shen Shenyu , Zhao Ning , Zhao Hongyang , Wang Ke , Cui Xiaofeng , Wen Bo , Wang Jiuhong , Xiao Chunhui , Hu Xiaofei , Su Yaqiong , Ding Shujiang
Published: April 2024

Li‐CO2 batteries are regarded as promising high‐energy‐density energy conversion and storage devices, but their practicability is severely hindered by the sluggish CO2 reduction/evolution reaction (CORR/COER) kinetics. Due to the various crystal structures and unique electronic configuration, Mn‐based cathode catalysts have shown considerable competition to facilitate CORR/COER. However, the specific active sites and regulation principle of Mn‐based catalysts remain ambiguous and limited. Herein, this work designs novel Mn dual‐active sites (MOC) supported on N‐doped carbon nanofibers and conduct a comprehensive investigation into the underlying relationship between different Mn active sites and their electrochemical performance in Li‐CO2 batteries. Impressively, this work finds that owing to the in situ generation and stable existence of Mn(III), MOC undergoes obvious electrochemical reconstruction during battery cycling. Moreover, a series of characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the different electronic configurations and coordination environments of Mn(II) and Mn(III) are conducive to promoting CORR and COER, respectively. Benefiting from such a modulating behavior, the Li‐CO2 batteries deliver a high full discharge capacity of 10.31 mAh cm−2, and ultra‐long cycle life (327 cycles/1308 h). This fundamental understanding of MOC reconstruction and the electrocatalytic mechanisms provides a new perspective for designing high‐performance multivalent Mn‐integrated hybrid catalysts for Li‐CO2 batteries.
Enhancing Conversion Kinetics through Electron Density Dual‐Regulation of Catalysts and Sulfur toward Room‐/Subzero‐Temperature Na–S Batteries
Authors: Luo Sainan , Ruan Jiafeng , Wang Yan , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: April 2024

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na/S) batteries have received increasing attention for the next generation of large‐scale energy storage, yet they are hindered by the severe dissolution of polysulfides, sluggish redox kinetic, and incomplete conversion of sodium polysulfides (NaPSs). Herein, the study proposes a dual‐modulating strategy of the electronic structure of electrocatalyst and sulfur to accelerate the conversion of NaPSs. The selenium‐modulated ZnS nanocrystals with electron rearrangement in hierarchical structured spherical carbon (Se‐ZnS/HSC) facilitate Na+ transport and catalyze the conversion between short‐chain sulfur and Na2S. And the in situ introduced Se within S can enhance conductivity and form an S─Se bond, suppressing the “polysulfides shuttle”. Accordingly, the S@Se‐ZnS/HSC cathode exhibits a specific capacity of as high as 1302.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and ultrahigh‐rate capability (676.9 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1). Even at −10 °C, this cathode still delivers a high reversible capacity of 401.2 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and 94% of the original capacitance after 50 cycles. This work provides a novel design idea for high‐performance Na/S batteries.
Wafer‐Scale CMOS‐Compatible Electro‐Thermally Actuated Nanomechanical Non‐Volatile Switch with Out‐of‐Plane Electrode Configuration
Authors: Lee Yong‐Bok , Choi Pan‐Kyu , Kang Min‐Ho , Kim Su‐Hyun , Lee Seung‐Jun , Kim Tae‐Soo , Lee So‐Young , Yoon Jun‐Bo
Published: April 2024

The rapid growth of data‐intensive applications has significantly heightened the concerns about power consumption in current computing systems. From this perspective, there have been substantial efforts to implement ultra‐low power systems by integrating nanoelectromechanical non‐volatile switches (NEM‐NVS) with near‐zero leakage current into standard complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. To practically harness the potential of the NEM‐NVS, it is imperative to achieve high performance, such as low voltage, high on/off ratio, and high reliability, while simultaneously ensuring wafer‐scale CMOS compatibility. However, achieving these requirements is still challenging, primarily due to their electrostatic operation, in‐plane electrode configuration, and conventional fabrication methods. Here, an electro‐thermally actuated nanomechanical non‐volatile switch (ETAN‐NVS) with an out‐of‐plane electrode configuration along with an 8‐inch wafer‐scale CMOS‐compatible fabrication method is reported. By introducing the electrothermal mechanism into a vertically actuated buckling nanostructure, the fabricated ETAN‐NVS attains CMOS‐level voltage (<2.4 V), a high on/off ratio (>108), and exceptional reliability (>1300 cycles). Moreover, a successful wafer‐scale demonstration of the ETAN‐NVS using only a CMOS‐compatible process paves the way for 3D integration with CMOS logic.
4‐Phenylthiosemicarbazide Molecular Additive Engineering for Wide‐Bandgap Sn Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with a Record Efficiency Over 12.2%
Authors: Pandey Padmini , Cho SungWon , Bahadur Jitendra , Yoon Saemon , Oh Chang‐Mok , Hwang In‐Wook , Song Hochan , Choi Hyosung , Hayase Shuzi , Cho Jung Sang , Kang Dong‐Won
Published: April 2024

The utilization of wide bandgap (WBG) tin halide perovskites (Sn‐HPs) offers an environmentally friendly alternative for multi‐junction Sn‐HP photovoltaics. Nonetheless, rapid crystallization leads to suboptimal film morphology and substantial creation of defect states, which undermine device efficiency. This study introduces 4‐Phenylthiosemicarbazide (4PTSC) as an additive to achieve a densely packed Sn‐HP film with fewer imperfections. The strong chemical coordination between SnI2 and the functional groups S═C─N (Sn···S═C─N), NH2, and phenyl conjugation enhances solution stability and supports the delay of perovskite crystallization through adduct formation. This process yields pinhole‐free films with preferred grain growth. 4PTSC acts as a strong coordination complex and a reducing agent to passivate uncoordinated Sn2+ and halide ions and reduce the formation of SnI4, thereby reducing defect formation. The π‐conjugated phenyl ring in the 4PTSC facilitates the preferred crystal growth orientation of perovskite grains. Furthermore, the hydrophobic nature of 4PTSC mitigates Sn2+ oxidation by repelling moisture, enhancing stability. The open circuit voltage significantly increased from 0.78 to 0.94 V, resulting in achieving the champion efficiency of 12.22% (certified 11.70%), surpassing all previously reported efficiencies for WBG Sn halide perovskite solar cells. Additionally, the unencapsulated 4PTSC‐1.0 device maintained outstanding stability over 1200 h under ambient atmospheric conditions.
Vehicle Surroundings Perception Using Micro‐electromechanical Systems Inertial Sensors
Authors: Lahr Martin , Loh Johnson , Schwarz Mike , Lemme Max Christian , Gemmeke Tobias
Published: April 2024

Sensors enable vehicles to perceive their surroundings even while parked. Camera‐based systems for vehicle surroundings perception are already available as of today. However, camera‐based systems result in excessive power consumption and data collection. In this article, a study on always‐on surroundings perception of parked vehicles is done using micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors as an alternative to camera‐based systems. The measurements of the MEMS inertial sensors are used to detect and classify 17 different types of events. These events include accidents, vandalism, rain, as well as normal use. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to classify the events. The data used to train the CNN is recorded using a test vehicle in a laboratory setting and on a test track. The CNN is quantized for deployment on a CNN hardware accelerator which is packaged with the sensor as a system‐in‐package (SiP). The novel sensor system achieves a classification accuracy of 88% at a total system power dissipation of 27 μW.
Construction of Polymers with Highly Dispersed Reactive Phases and Open Pores for Catalyzing the Efficient Synthesis of CO2 to α‐Methylene Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Guo Xiaoxuan , Yang Zhixiu , Zhang Fenglei , Gao Lijing , Wei Ruiping , Xiao Guomin
Published: April 2024

Selective capture of carbon dioxide as a C1 feedstock for the preparation of high‐value chemicals has been recognised as an important way to mitigate the crisis. In this work, a new heterogeneous catalyst, Cu@CP‐PII, was developed through the rational construction of an open‐pore organic skeleton, which is easy to synthesise and highly efficient. With the synergistic effect between the high CO2 affinity of the porous skeleton and the highly dispersed Cu(I) sites of the activated alkynes, it can be used for the efficient preparation of α‐methylene cyclic carbonates at ambient temperature and pressure. The structure and morphology were exhaustively characterised by Solid State 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, XPS, TEM and N2 adsorption‐desorption tests, and this catalyst possessed a high surface area of 273.7 m2 ⋅ g−1 and uniformly dispersion of CuI. To test its catalytic activity, Cu@CP‐PII in an amount of only 0.4 mol% was used as a catalyst for the carboxylative cyclization reaction of propargylic alcohols with CO2, which resulted in substrate conversions up to 100 % and yields greater than 99 %. In addition, controlled experiments and mechanistic elucidation confirmed that anhydrous and low temperatures are necessary to achieve high selective control of the target product α‐methylene cyclic carbonates.
Photoinduced C(sp3)−H Bicyclopentylation Enabled by an Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex‐Mediated Chemoselective Three‐Component Radical Relay
Authors: Dang Xiaobo , Li Zhixuan , Shang Jinlong , Zhang Chenyang , Wang Chao , Xu Zhaoqing
Published: April 2024

The photoredox electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex‐mediated radical coupling reaction has gained prominence in the field of organic synthesis, finding widespread application in two‐component coupling reactions. However, EDA complex‐promoted multi‐component reactions are not well developed with only a limited number of examples have been reported. Herein, we report a photoinduced and EDA complex‐promoted highly chemoselective three‐component radical arylalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane, which allows the direct functionalization of C(sp3)−H with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP)‐aryl groups under mild conditions. A variety of unnatural α‐amino acids, featuring structurally diversified 1,3‐disubstituted BCP moieties, were synthesized in a single‐step process. Notably, leveraging the high tension release of [1.1.1]propellane, the highly unstable transient aryl radical undergoes rapid conversion into a relatively stable tertiary alkyl transient radical, and consequently, the competing side‐reaction of two‐component coupling was entirely suppressed. The strategic use of this transient radical conversion approach would be useful for the design of diverse EDA complex‐mediated multi‐component reactions. It is noteworthy that the highly chemoselective late‐stage incorporation of the 1,3‐disubstituted BCP pharmacophores into peptides was achieved both in liquid‐phase and solid‐phase reactions. This advancement is anticipated to have significant application potential in the future development of peptide drugs.
Metal‐Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization to Prepare Recylable Micro‐Adjuvants for Dendritic Cell Vaccine
Authors: Zhang Hengyuan , Heng Xingyu , Yang He , Rao Yu , Yao Lihua , Zhu Zhichen , Chen Gaojian , Chen Hong
Published: April 2024

In the development of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, the maturation of DCs is a critical stage. Adjuvants play a pivotal role in the maturation of DCs, with a major concern being to ensure both efficacy and safety. This study introduces an innovative approach that combines high efficacy with safety through the synthesis of micro‐adjuvants grafted with copolymers of 2‐(methacrylamido) glucopyranose (MAG) and methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC). The utilization of metal‐free surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization enables the production of safe and recyclable adjuvants. These micrometer‐sized adjuvants surpass the optimal size range for cellular endocytosis, enabling the retrieval and reuse of them during the ex vivo maturation process, mitigating potential toxicity concerns associated with the endocytosis of non‐metabolized nanoparticles. Additionally, the adjuvants exhibit a “micro‐ligand‐mediated maturation enhancement” effect for DC maturation. This effect is influenced by the shape of the particle, as evidenced by the distinct promotion effects of rod‐like and spherical micro‐adjuvants with comparable sizes. Furthermore, the porous structure of the adjuvants enables them to function as cargo‐carrying “micro‐shuttles”, releasing antigens upon binding to DCs to facilitate efficient antigen delivery.
Effect of PCL chain length on rheological and mechanical properties of PCL‐PDMS‐PCL triblock copolymer films
Authors: Sachan Radha , Purwar Roli
Published: April 2024

The polycaprolactone‐polydimethylsiloxane‐polycaprolactone (PCL‐PDMS‐PCL) triblock copolymer films of variable PCL chain are analyzed for rheological characteristics in this paper. The dynamics of viscoelastic behavior of photocrosslinked films above their crystal melting temperature (Tcm) is measured using oscillatory shear rheology experiments. The frequency sweep tests are analyzed at 0.1% strain as obtained from linear viscoelastic region. Shear thinning is observed in the study of complex viscosity. It has been noted that viscosity rises with increase in crosslink density and decrease in with PCL chain length. Time‐dependent effect on the copolymer films has been analyzed by creep recovery behavior. The Burgers model is fitted in creep compliance data to analyze its viscoelastic and viscous region. An examination of structure recovery revealed that recovery increased as PCL chain length decreased. Tensile strength and percentage elongation are studied at ambient conditions with a universal testing machine, while storage modulus and tan δ are analyzed by a dynamic mechanical analyzer at varying temperatures.
A hybrid CAD/CAE/CAM project‐based laboratory framework integrating topology optimization and laser powder bed fusion for engineering education
Authors: Afify Mohammed , Moubachir Younes , Guennoun Zouhair , Hassar Jamila
Published: April 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, laser‐based additive manufacturing (LBAM) has gained substantial momentum in the production of complex lightweight structures in several domains such as aerospace, civil, and biomedical engineering. The increasing demand for consistent and precise manufacturing processes has urged the manufacturing industry to consider the coupling of topology optimization (TO) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in the design of sophisticatedly novel topologies that are unattainable through traditional processes. Notably, this union has demonstrated a highly efficient and productive capability toward the manufacturing industry. In line with this accelerated pace, engineering programs within universities exert significant effort to revise and update their engineering curriculum design to incorporate emerging manufacturing technologies providing students with skills that are aligned with the actual industrial context. In this article, a computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided engineering (CAE)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) project‐based laboratory framework is proposed combining TO and LPBF exploiting a simulation‐based environment integrating CAD, CAE, and CAM. The structure of the proposed CAD/CAE/CAM design methodology is revisited to discern the added value of the newly developed framework and its particularity in assisting aerospace engineering students to meet industrial expectations. A new CAD/CAE/CAM project‐based laboratory framework has been developed integrating TO and LPBF using advanced engineering tools within the aerospace engineering education.
The future of metaverse adoption: A behavioral reasoning perspective with a text‐mining approach
Authors: Shukla Anuja , Mishra Anubhav , Rana Nripendra P. , Banerjee Sohom
Published: April 2024

Metaverse is portrayed as the next significant technology innovation with an estimated market opportunity of US $800 billion. Metaverse offers numerous opportunities and an unmatchable user experience, yet its acceptance among the masses is still a long way off. Moreover, within 2 years of its existence and grandiose hype about a huge market potential, the current business sentiments are not so hopeful. Despite the positive and encouraging feedback, the reasons behind the limited success of the metaverse need scientific exploration. This study uses netnography to collect online data from 751 articles (news articles, expert opinions, perspectives, and blogs). Further, we use the text‐mining method of structural topic modeling to generate insights from the text data and perform a sentiment analysis. The identified topics are mapped and explained using the behavioral reasoning theory to highlight “reasons for” and “reasons against” metaverse adoption. The study's findings identify flexibility, brand experience, human centricity, and virtual retail experience as enablers of acceptance of the metaverse, while regulatory issues, usage barriers, financial investment, and skepticism act as barriers to adopting the metaverse. Further, social adventure and social influence were identified as enablers categorized under subjective norms. This study contributes to the scarce literature on metaverse adoption and offers actionable insights to marketers to craft marketing strategies to benefit from the metaverse.
Revealing the 1H‐NMR Profiling of Six Edible Mushrooms Consumed in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , de Jesús Terán‐Sánchez Estefania , Becerra‐Martínez Elvia
Published: April 2024

The 1H‐NMR metabolomics profiling of six edible mushrooms consumed in the northeastern highlands of Puebla, Mexico is presented. These fungi were morpho‐ and molecularly identified as Infundibulicybe squamulosa, Amanita jacksonii, Lepista nuda, Russula delica, Russula brevipes, and Lactarius indigo. The chemical profiling confirmed the presence of eight essential amino acids and their derivatives, six organic acids, six nucleosides, low amounts of reducing sugars, and valuable nutraceuticals such as betaine, carnitine, glycero‐3‐phosphocholine and O‐acetylcarnitine which were differentially determined and quantified in the six mushrooms by qNMR. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) generated four different groups. Two of these groups were constituted by fungal species with phylogenic relationships whereas non‐phylogenetic related species were separated from each other. The potential use of 1H‐NMR metabolomics and chemometrics to group macromycetes and determine the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of these local foods is demonstrated.
Effects of PNA Sequence and Target Site Selection on Function of a 4.5S Non‐Coding RNA
Authors: Saini Snehlata , Goel Khushboo , Ghosh Sudipta , Das Anirban , Saraogi Ishu
Published: April 2024

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) based antisense strategy is a promising therapeutic approach to specifically inhibit target gene expression. However, unlike protein coding genes, identification of an ideal PNA binding site for non‐coding RNA is not straightforward. Here, we compare the inhibitory activities of PNA molecules that bind a non‐coding 4.5S RNA called SRP RNA, a key component of the bacterial signal recognition particle (SRP). A 9‐mer PNA (PNA9) complementary to the tetraloop region of the RNA was more potent in inhibiting its interaction with the SRP protein, compared to an 8‐mer PNA (PNA8) targeting a stem‐loop. PNA9, which contained a homo‐pyrimidine sequence could form a triplex with the complementary stretch of RNA in vitro as confirmed using a fluorescent derivative of PNA9 (F‐PNA13). The RNA‐PNA complex formation resulted in inhibition of SRP function with PNA9 and F‐PNA13, but not PNA8 highlighting the importance of target site selection. Surprisingly, F‐PNA13 which was more potent in inhibiting SRP function in vitro, showed weaker antibacterial activity compared to PNA9 likely due to poor cell penetration of the longer PNA. Our results underscore the importance of suitable target site selection and optimum PNA length to develop better antisense molecules against non‐coding RNA.
Advances in the Homogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Biomass Derived Feedstocks: A Review
Authors: Fasolini Andrea , Martelli Giulia , Piazzi Andrea , Curcio Massimiliano , De Maron Jacopo , Basile Francesco , Mazzoni Rita
Published: April 2024

Biomass–derived feedstocks for hydrogen production are crucial as an alternative to fossil fuel especially in those areas where green electricity and clean water are scarce. In this framework the transformation of simple (formic acid, alcohols) and more complex (polyalcohols, sugars and cellulose) bio–derivatives in pure hydrogen is recognized as a promising approach. Parallel to great effort in heterogeneous catalysis, milder molecular systems represent a more selective eye for alternative solutions and mechanistic insights. In the present review the introduction summarizes the challenges in the catalytic utilization of biomass–derived feedstocks, followed by the advances in homogeneously catalyzed hydrogen production from different substrates which will cover formic acid, with oustanding efficiency with noble metals and promising results with earth abundant ones and alcohols and polyalcohols, with particular emphasis to the development of heterogenized systems, ligand assisted catalysts and bi‐catalytic synergistic solutions which allow to avoid base and to promote catalyst stability and recyclability. In the last part, description of hydrogen production from more complex substrates, such as sugars and cellulose, will show the role of molecular complexes in main and side reactions. Critical comments on the reported advances are provided along the whole discussion.
Linear, Planar, Orbicular, and Macrocyclic Multinuclear Zinc (Meth)acrylate Complexes
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Suehisa Gaito , Tadaoka Hiroshi , Shiga Kazuyoshi , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: April 2024

Zinc carboxylate complexes are widely utilized as artificial models of metalloenzymes and as secondary building units of PCPs/MOFs. However, the relationship between the structure of the monodentate carboxylato ligand and the molecular arrangement of multinuclear zinc carboxylate complexes is not fully understood because of the coordination flexibility of the Zn ion and carboxylato ligands. Herein, we report the structural analysis of a series of complexes derived from zinc (meth)acrylate which has a linear infinite chain structure. The molecular structure of μ4‐oxido‐bridged tetranuclear complexes [Zn4(μ4‐O)(OCOR)6] revealed a distorted Zn4O core. Crystallization of zinc acrylate under aqueous conditions afforded a μ3‐hydroxido‐containing pentanuclear complex [Zn5(μ3‐OH)2(OCOR)8] as the repeating unit of an infinite sheet‐like structure in the solid state. It was also obtained by the hydrolysis of the μ4‐oxido‐bridged tetranuclear complex. In sharp contrast, the methacrylate analog retained the methacrylato ligands under aqueous crystallization conditions to form a macrocyclic dodecanuclear complex with methacrylato as the sole ligand.
The Heptazine‐Based Materials through Intrinsically Modification for the Cycloaddition of CO2 and Bisepoxides
Authors: Liang Hongguang , Li Xiaoyun , Wang Junwei , Li Qifeng , Feng Yuelan , Kang Maoqing , Zhang Yingan
Published: April 2024

For the efficient utilization of CO2 into valuable product, the attractive carbon nitride catalysts have been widely studied. In this work, heptazine‐related materials with varying degree of polymerization were designed by an intrinsically modification strategy and employed in the cycloaddition of CO2 with the bisepoxide 1, 4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDODGE). We initially figured out that the sample prepared at 450 °C contained more melem hydrate, exhibiting the best performance. The epoxides conversion and corresponding cyclic carbonates selectivity could achieve 93.1 % and 99.3 % at 140 °C for 20 h without any cocatalyst and solvent, respectively. Results of the catalytic tests suggested that the high catalytic activity was dependent on big size porous structure and the synergetic effect of active amino groups and −OH groups. The role of water in maintaining the specific structure and providing active site has been proved. Moreover, the CN‐450‐W catalyst exhibited outstanding recycling stability. And finally, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Fluorescent BF2 Complexes Inspired by Ageladine A
Authors: Tolle Christian , Fresia Marvin , Jones Peter G. , Lindel Thomas
Published: April 2024

The pH‐dependent UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence of several analogs of the marine natural product ageladine A were investigated. Besides ageladine A itself, its BF2 complex and the corresponding debrominated analogs were included, as were the chloro analog of the debromoageladine‐BF2 complex, an imidazolone analog, and a triazole derivative, which lack the free amino group. Importantly, the pH‐dependence of the fluorescence of the chloro analog closely resembles that of the natural product ageladine A, but with about 25‐fold higher fluorescence intensity and a maximum between pH 3 and 6. The imidazolone derivative behaves in a complementary manner and shows fluorescence only above pH 6, but with less intensity than ageladine A. The calculated Stokes shifts agree well with the experiment, which underlines the accuracy of the DFT calculation method (ωB97XD/TApr‐cc‐pVDZ, PCM). The conformational fixation of arylated imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridines by BF2 units seems to be promising with regard to the development of novel, pH‐dependent fluorescent probes.
Trick or treat? A bibliometric literature review of corporate social responsibility and earnings management
Authors: Deng Yang , Ong Tze San , Senik Rosmila
Published: April 2024

Research Question

This study seeks to examine and synthesize the extant literature to summarize whether the essence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) genuinely stems from an authentic social commitment, or if it primarily serves as a tactic to obscure earnings management (EM) practices.

Research Methodology

A systematic literature review methodology is employed to thoroughly assess 75 articles selected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, integrating bibliometric techniques, and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Research Findings

Amid evolving economic and social landscapes, the research of the CSR‐EM relationship increases, particularly in Asian contexts. Further research found that ESG (environmental, social, and governance) was gradually introduced into the theoretical framework of CSR‐EM. However, most of the research does not study the impact of the three dimensions of ESG, respectively. The study concludes the four varied CSR‐EM relationships: positive, negative, mixed (depending on EM type), and no correlation, and suggests that this should be determined by both macro (e.g., political and economic environment) and micro determinants (e.g., industries and governance). Therefore, the CSR‐EM relationship cannot be simply generalized. At present, most studies study CSR as a whole, and some literature uses CSR disclosure and performance to measure CSR respectively. However, distinctions between CSR disclosure and performance, namely CSR decoupling, remain underexplored.

Theoretical and Practical Implications

This review synthesizes four key findings and summarizes seven relevant theories from existing literature, thus enriching the theoretical contributions of CSR‐EM research. It underscores the significance of both macro and micro factors on the CSR‐EM relationship, introduces the concept of CSR decoupling, and outlines directions for future studies. The review offers insights for policymakers on CSR‐EM dynamics and suggests strategies for companies to enhance CSR practices and reporting consistency.
How do firms react to capital market liberalization? Evidence from ESG reporting greenwashing
Authors: Liu Guangrui , Qian Hao , Shi Yong , Yuan Deli , Zhou Ming
Published: April 2024

Based on catering theory, this study employs a difference‐in‐differences model to investigate the impact of capital market liberalization on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting greenwashing using mainland Hong Kong Connection Programs as a quasinatural experiment. Our findings indicate that corporate management increasingly engages in ESG reporting greenwashing in capital market liberalization to cater to foreign investors. This conclusion remains valid after controlling for endogeneity. Mechanistic analysis indicates that investor sentiment increases with capital market liberalization. In response, corporate management intensifies ESG reporting greenwashing to cater to foreign investors, and analysts' focus does not serve as a supervisory mechanism for restraining ESG reports greenwashing. Heterogeneity tests demonstrate that ESG reports greenwashing within the capital market diminishes for mandatory disclosure and state‐owned firms. However, ESG reports greenwashing intensifies among firms facing high financing constraints amid capital market liberalization. Overall, we identify a significant catering effect on ESG reporting amid capital market liberalization, offering a novel theoretical framework on greenwashing in ESG disclosures.
The synergistic effect of corporate environmental responsibility and technological base on firm performance: From the perspective of knowledge recombination
Authors: Liang Zhou , Zhang Qi , Wu Weiwei , Liu Xi
Published: April 2024

The research constructs a theoretical framework including the relationship between the interaction of corporate environmental responsibility and technological base and firm performance and the mediating role of knowledge recombination. The research empirically studies the proposed framework by using the data of 258 firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2019. The results show that the interaction between corporate environmental responsibility and technological base has a positive effect on firm performance and both the two dimensions of knowledge recombination that are knowledge recombination reuse and knowledge recombination creation could mediate this relationship. These results not only figure out the interaction between corporate environmental responsibility and technological base and its influencing mechanisms on firm performance, which is knowledge recombination and further broaden the application of the knowledge‐based view, but also provide important managerial implications for firms to acquire superior performance through corporate environmental responsibility and technological base.
Sulfonated Chitosan Gel Membrane with Confined Amine Carriers for Stable and Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Wang Lixinyu , Zha Shangwen , Zhang Shenxiang , Jin Jian
Published: April 2024

Capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gases is a crucial step towards reducing CO2 emissions. Among the various carbon capture methods, facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) have emerged as a promising technology for CO2 capture owing to their high efficiency and low energy consumption in separating CO2. However, FTMs still face the challenge of losing mobile carriers due to weak interaction between the carriers and membrane matrix. Herein, we report a sulfonated chitosan (SCS) gel membrane with confined amine carriers for effective CO2 capture. In this structure, diethylenetriamine (DETA) as a CO2‐mobile carrier is confined within the SCS gel membrane via electrostatic forces, which can react reversibly with CO2 and thus greatly facilitate its transport. The SCS ion gel membrane allows for the fast diffusion of amine carriers within it while blocking the diffusion of nonreactive gases, like N2. Thus, the prepared membrane exhibits exceptional CO2 separation capabilities when tested under simulated flue gas conditions with CO2 permeance of 1155 GPU and an ultra‐high CO2/N2 selectivity of above 550. Moreover, the membrane retains a stable separation performance during the 170 h continuous test. The excellent CO2 separation performance demonstrates the high potential of gel membranes for CO2 capture from flue gas.
Diagnostic values of SurePath liquid‐based cytology versus conventional smear in thyroid aspiration samples: A 13‐year experience at a single institution
Authors: Lee Wen‐Ying , Wang Hsiu‐Chu , Huang Lee‐E , Tseng Min‐Hui , Chiang Shu‐Hui , Lee Ching‐Chien
Published: April 2024

Background

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most useful tool in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) is replacing the conventional smear (CS) for evaluation of thyroid FNAC. In our institution, thyroid FNAC preparation was changed from CS to LBC SurePath in July 2016. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of SurePath with that of CS in thyroid lesions.

Methods

A total of 35,406 samples of thyroid FNAC (11,438 CS and 23,968 SurePath), collected from January 2010 to December 2022, were included in this study. We also examined the malignant rate using the surgical pathology diagnosis as the gold standard.

Results

The distribution of TBSRTC cytological categories was equivalent between CS and SurePath. The rate of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory category was higher in CS compared to SurePath (43.4% vs. 22.3%; p < .05). After routine use of SurePath, the surgical resection rate was reduced from 12.0% to 8.6% (p < .05) and the malignant rate increased from 32.2% to 41.5% (p < .05). The sensitivities of CS and SurePath were 71.0% and 82.0%, respectively, and the specificities were 99.0% and 97.3%, respectively, whereas the positive predictive values were 97.8% and 96.8%, respectively, and the negative predictive values were 85.0% and 84.6%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of CS and SurePath were 88.5% and 89.7% respectively.

Conclusion

SurePath can increase the sample adequacy, increase the sensitivity and reduce the workload and avoid unnecessary surgeries with similar accuracy to CS.
Intraparotid plexiform neurofibroma: A rare diagnostic challenge
Authors: Khan Adil Aziz , Ahuja Sana , Zaheer Sufian
Published: April 2024

Isolated intraparotid neurofibromas are exceptionally rare and often associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Diagnosing these tumors proves challenging because of the clinical resemblance to primary salivary gland masses. This case report details an 18‐year‐old with a painful, enlarging parotid mass, diagnosed through fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealing myxoid stroma and spindle cells. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a plexiform neurofibroma involving the parotid gland and facial nerve. Histopathology validated the diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of cytological and radiological correlation. Notably, the absent NF1 association makes this case unique. Surgical excision with facial nerve reconstruction was performed, highlighting the complexity of managing such rare intraparotid neurofibromas. Awareness of this entity is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Shifting mammal communities and declining species richness along an elevational gradient on Mount Kenya
Authors: Snider Matthew H. , Helgen Kristofer M. , Young Hillary S. , Agwanda Bernard , Schuttler Stephanie , Titcomb Georgia C. , Branch Douglas , Dommain René , Kays Roland
Published: April 2024

Conservation areas encompassing elevation gradients are biodiversity hotspots because they contain a wide range of habitat types in a relatively small space. Studies of biodiversity patterns along elevation gradients, mostly on small mammal or bird species, have documented a peak in diversity at mid elevations. Here, we report on a field study of medium and large mammals to examine the impact of elevation, habitat type, and gross primary productivity on community structure. Species richness was observed using a camera trap transect with 219 sites situated across different habitat types from 2329 to 4657 m above the sea level on the western slope of Mt Kenya, the second highest mountain in Africa. We found that the lowest elevation natural habitats had the highest species richness and relative abundance and that both metrics decreased steadily as elevation increased, paralleling changes in gross primary productivity, and supporting the energy richness hypothesis. We found no evidence for the mid‐domain effect on species diversity. The lowest elevation degraded Agro‐Forestry lands adjacent to the National Park had high activity of domestic animals and reduced diversity and abundance of native species. The biggest difference in community structure was between protected and unprotected areas, followed by more subtle stepwise differences between habitats at different elevations. Large carnivore species remained relatively consistent but dominant herbivore species shifted along the elevation gradient. There was some habitat specialization and turnover in species, such that the elevation gradient predicts a high diversity of species, demonstrating the high conservation return for protecting mountain ecosystems for biodiversity conservation.
Emergence of De Novo Conditions Following Remission of Cushing Syndrome: A Case Report and Scoping Review
Authors: Desgagnés Noémie , Senior Laura , Vis Daniel , Alikhani Katayoun , Lithgow Kirstie
Published: April 2024

Objective

Onset and exacerbation of autoimmune, inflammatory or steroid‐responsive conditions have been reported following the remission of Cushing syndrome, leading to challenges in distinguishing a new condition versus expected symptomatology following remission. We describe a case of a 42‐year‐old man presenting with new‐onset sarcoidosis diagnosed 12 months following the surgical cure of Cushing syndrome and synthesise existing literature reporting on de novo conditions presenting after Cushing syndrome remission.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted in Medline, Epub, Ovid and PubMed. Case reports and case series detailing adult patients presenting with new‐onset conditions following Cushing syndrome remission were included.

Results

In total, 1641 articles were screened, 138 full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 43 studies were included, of which 84 cases (including our case) were identified. Most patients were female (85.7%), and the median reported age was 39.5 years old (IQR = 13). Thyroid diseases were the most commonly reported conditions (48.8%), followed by sarcoidosis (15.5%). Psoriasis, lymphocytic hypophysitis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and seronegative arthritis were reported in more than one case. The median duration between Cushing remission and de novo condition diagnosis was 4.1 months (IQR = 3.75). Of those patients, 59.5% were receiving corticosteroid therapy at the time of onset.

Conclusion

Our scoping review identified several cases of de novo conditions emerging following the remission of Cushing syndrome. They occurred mostly in women and within the year following remission. Clinicians should remain aware that new symptoms, particularly in the first year following the treatment of Cushing syndrome, may be manifestations of a wide range of conditions aside from adrenal insufficiency or glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome.