bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Veau — veux, bac — bague et elle a peur du feu : quelques réflexions sur la nature et l’utilisation des corpus dans les activités de phonétique proposées par les méthodes de fle actuelles pour adultes et grands adolescents
Authors: Warmuz Ewa
Published: March 2020

VEAU — VEUX, BAC — BAGUE AND ELLE A PEUR DU FEU : A FEW REMARKS ON FORMS AND USING CORPORA IN PHONETIC ACTIVITIES, PROPOSED IN CURRENT MANUALS FOR FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR ADULTS AND OLDER TEENAGERS In this article, through the analysis of the structure of phonetic activities included in chosen textbooks of French as a foreign language FLE used in Poland, we present the rules according to which the corpora are built and used. We also rate the adequacy to the task-oriented approach. Next, we prove how learners perceive this type of exercises and their usefulness for the correct pronunciation. Conclusions point to a regular presence, in analyzed textbooks, of specific phonetic activities based mainly on contextualized simple sentences, connected grammatically and lexically with the textbook contents. These exercises are evaluated and rated by learners as important for the correct pronunciation, which contributes to successful communication, and as helpful in gaining additional skills and knowledge.
Les mots français dans le waaren lexicon de ph.a. Nemnich fin du XIIIe siècle
Authors: Bochnakowa Anna
Published: March 2020

FRENCH VOCABULARY IN WAAREN LEXICON BY PH.A. NEMNICHEND OF THE 18th CENTURY The article is a description of French vocabulary included in the multilingual dictionary of merchandise from the 18th century entitled Waaren-Lexicon in zwölf Sprachen by Ph.A. Nemnich. The examples were taken from the French-German part of the publication to illustrate the contents and principles of the lexicon. The presented dictionary is a valuable testimony of multilingual vocabulary in the field of merchandise, but above all an example of a pioneering, comprehensive dictionary of technical language, used in a specific occupational field.
Apprivoiser la richesse des couleurs sur la palette du peintre, ou vers une liste terminologique des noms de couleurs
Authors: Gostkowska Kaja
Published: March 2020

HOW TO MASTER THE ABUNDANCE OF COLOURS ON THE PAINTER’S PALETTE, OR A STEP TOWARDS THE TERMINOLOGICAL LIST OFTERMS RELATED TO COLOURS Colour as a subject has led to numerous studies in various disciplines such as physics, psychology, chemistry or history of art, to name a few. In the field of linguistics, the names of colours have been analysed from different points of view but all those works concerned mostly the words related to colours used in the general language. The aim of the present paper is to focus on the terms related to colours used in history of art texts, and to show the unexpected complexity of such terminology. After presenting the definitions of colour we will describe two different aspects of French terminology related to colour: firstly, the forms of terms from the point of view of their morphological and semantic motivation, and secondly, the cultural and historical reasons of such linguistic abundance and complexity of the colours’ terminology.
Want/omdat X en de vaagheid van de linguïstische categorieën
Authors: Konvička Martin
Published: March 2020

Want/omdat X and the fluidity of linguistic categories In this article, I set out to demonstrate the inadequateness of traditional linguistic categories in light of ongoing language change. As a case in point, I analyse some of the syntactic properties of the Dutch want/omdat X construction. The erstwhile coordinating conjunction want ‘because’ and the subordinating conjunction omdat ‘because’ not only take clauses as complements, but nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, interjections, direct speech, and emoticons as well. I discuss three proposed analyses of the aforementioned constructions: an ellipsis, a preposition, or a category sui generis. Against the backdrop of these diverging proposals, I emphasise the need to understand linguistic categories such as parts of speech as intrinsically vague and prototypical. Moreover, I also briefly sketch the diachrony of want/omdat X and show that, contrary to frequent claims, it is not a recent innovation since its precursors can be found as early as in the 1960s.
Ruimte voor structureel gebruik van muziek en poëzie in het taalverwervingsonderwijs NVT in Centraal-Europa
Authors: Kříž Milan
Published: March 2020

Space for the structural use of music and poetry in the didactics of Dutch as a foreign language in Central Europe This paper deals with the potential of the systematic use of authentic texts presented via songs and poetry to the students of Dutch as a foreign language studying at universities in Central Europe. Based on the positive experience with these materials, which is believed to be relevant also to other foreign languages than Dutch, the article advocates a much broader and more intensive exploitation of such materials. This research combines literature study and examples of good practice observed at one of the universities in the Czech Republic offering a Dutch studies programme. Within the framework of the specific research questions, it also discusses the relevance of songs and poetry to foreign language teaching. Additionally, it provides a detailed overview of the elements concerning the systematic way of exploiting songs and poetry within a specific Dutch language course.
Sociaal tolken in Centraal-Europa en de mogelijkheden van de implementatie van modules sociaal tolken binnen de opleidingen Neerlandistiek extra muros
Authors: Štefková Marketa
Published: March 2020

Social interpreting in Central Europe and the possible implementations of social interpreting modules in extra mural programmes of Dutch studies Community/social or public service interpreting is a broad concept that deals with multiple interpretation techniques, communicative situations and social sectors in the field of health, law or administration. The position of interpreters within these contexts differs from country to country. What is also highly diverse is the interpreter’s background, his or her interpreting skills, training, language knowledge and quality of the interpreter’s performance.First of all, the concept of community interpreting is defined in the context of the Low Countries and Central Europe. The change of the social context and the need for qualified interpreters is outlined in connection with the present migration movements. The article summarises some possibilities of implementing specific modules and exercises in the curriculum of a small language programme such as Dutch studies. These provide the students with the first insights into community interpreting. They can take it as a basis and develop their basic interpreting competence in this area.
Ekonomia daru, estetyka sztuczek, etyka uporu. Praktyki życia codziennego według Michela de Certeau
Authors: Pancewicz-Puchalska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Economy of the Gift, Esthetics of Tricks, Ethics of Tenacity. Michel de Certeau’s on the Practices of Everyday LifeThe author deals with the notion of practice in Michel de Certeau’s The practice of everyday life. The French philosopher — distancing himself from Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and Michel Foucault’s theory of subject and power — builds his own which is appealing but somehow elusive understanding of practice as the activity of making our lives livable within the constraints of social structures and cultural rules. She analyses his distinction between strategies and tactics and invites the reader to try out the perspective on popular culture as aspace of invention, economy of gift and ethics of stubbornness rather than resistance and finally to take astep back and rethink its usefulness for social and cultural sciences and lastly it’s sense for our existence.
Figura czy forma? Punkt widzenia żołądka
Authors: Gasché Rodolphe
Published: March 2020

Figura czy forma? Punkt widzenia żołądkaUwagi Immanuela Kanta na temat kwestii kulinarnych, a  zwłaszcza jego nierzadko komiczne zalecenia żywieniowe, nie zaprzątały do tej pory uwagi badaczy życia i  myśli Kanta, którzy przytaczali je zazwyczaj jedynie w  prześmiewczych celach. Co więcej, ponieważ smak kulinarny — właściwość pobudzanego przez pokarm lub napój języka — to smak jedynie zmysłowy i  jako taki niedający się komunikować, a  w  konsekwencji, w  przeciwieństwie do sądów o  pięknie, niestanowiący części estetyki, wypowiedzi Kanta na temat jedzenia wydają się ledwie poboczne. A  jednak w  wielu rzucanych jakby na stronie uwagach Kant roztrząsa, dlaczego, mimo że jako właściwość zmysłowa, a  więc wadliwa w  tym sensie, że nie sposób jej uniwersalnie podzielać, smak stał się w  tak wielu językach — zwłaszcza w  łacinie i  językach romańskich, ale też w  niemieckim — mianem estetycznej władzy sądzenia: sądu smaku i  idealnych odczuć w  nich wyrażanych. Niniejszy artykuł wychodzi od tego pytania i  omawia wyjaśnienia Kanta, wykazując, że smak podniebienny, tak jak zagadnienia związane z  jedzeniem i  piciem, odgrywa nieoczekiwanie ważną rolę w  rozumowaniu Kanta, w  tym w  Kantowskim wyobrażeniu myśli jako takiej. Figure, or form? The viewpoint of the stomachImmanuel Kant’s remarks on culinary matters, above all his frequently hilarious dietetic recommendations, received little attention by Kant scholars, except in order to poke fun at the philosopher. Furthermore, since gustatory taste — the property of the tongue to be affected by food or drink — as merely sensory taste is not universally communicable, and hence does not, like judgments about the beautiful, allow for an aesthetics, Kant’s elaborations on food seem to be of minor significance. Yet, in several side remarks, Kant raises the question of why taste,   although it is the property of a sense clearly lacking in so far as its sensations are not universally shareable, became in so many languages — particularly Latin and Roman languages, but German as well — a name for the aesthetic faculty of judgment, in short, for  judgments of taste and the ideal feelings that they express. By following up on this question, and developing Kant’s explanations, the paper seeks to demonstrate that gustatory taste, as well as matters of food and drink, play a rather crucial, and unexpected, role in Kant’s thinking, including the way in which Kant conceives of thought itself.
Kiedy wspomnienia stają się formą. Jedzenie jako medium w praktykach site specific
Authors: Królikiewicz Anna
Published: March 2020

Kiedy wspomnienia stają się formą. Jedzenie jako medium w praktykach site specificPokarm a w nim smak, kolor, zapach, tekstura, dźwięk i temperatura traktuję jako medium moich działań artystycznych. Medium wypełnione znaczeniami, emocjami i często teatralnością dzięki protokołom jedzenia, dyskursom gastronomicznym, kulinarnym szyfrom, tradycyjnym i  nowatorskim technikom kucharskim. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie inspiracji towarzyszących powstawianiu kilku projektów site specific, które łączy wrażliwe obchodzenie się z miejscem, multisensoryczność doświadczenia i chęć wypowiedzenia niewypowiedzialnego. When memories become a form: Food as a medium in site specific practicesI treat food its taste, color, smell, texture, sound and temperature as a medium of my artistic activities. The medium filled with meanings, emotions, and histrionics due to the protocols of food, gastronomic discourse, culinary codes, and traditional and innovative cooking technologies. The aim of the article is to present an inspiration accompanying the creation of several site specific projects that share sensitive attitude toward a place, multisensory experience and willingness to say unsayable.
Rola Nilu w kształtowaniu kultury starożytnego Egiptu
Authors: Żmudziński Mateusz , Chudzik Patryk
Published: March 2020

The role of the Nile river in the formation of the ancient Egyptian cultureThe aim of this paper is to describe the main points of the multifaceted relations between Nile and the culture and civilization of ancient Egypt. Both economic and cultural matters are indicated. The Nile fed, drank, irrigated the fields, served as a communication route, but besides, it went into the beliefs and cultural world of the Egyptians. The regulation of the rhythm of people’s lives, their social organization, cult behaviours, ritual hunting, ways of spending free time, or numerous works of art were connected with Nile. In fact, it is difficult to find anything in Egypt during the pharaonic era that was not connected with it. It has been a key factor in the lives of people in Egypt for thousands of years.
Reguły komunikacji intra- i intergatunkowej na przykładzie człowieka i psa
Authors: Fleischer Michael
Published: March 2020

Rules of intra- and intergeneric communication by the example of a man and a dogThe subject of this work is to sketch out the conception of intergeneric communication by the example of the communication systems of humans and dogs. The conception of semiotics by Charles S. Peirce builds the semiotic basis. The article starts from an analysis of the intraspecific communication of dogs, the presentation of their perceptional functionalities and their sign system. The second part broadly discusses the interspecific communication between a dog and a man. Against this background different functional complexes, which are responsible for the structure of intergeneric communication, are distinguished.
Litewka
Authors: Abramowicz Jacek
Published: March 2020

LithuanessThis work constitutes an introductory chapter to the treatise on the narrative poem entitled Grażyna written by Adam Mickiewicz. Based on the suggestion found in the Epilogue to Grażyna, I identify the value presented and brought to actual existence in this particular work of Mickiewicz as the value of one’s homeland. Its ontic structure is gradually revealed, along with progressing re-cognition of the subject and decoding the meanings of those further versions of the story which are highlighted by the poet. In this manner, subsequent and separate ontic spheres of the reality of the human world as contributing factors for the analysed process are disclosed. It is possible to enume-rate the following aspects: intersubjective order of observable qualities, psychosocial emotionality, mental sphere of ethical reasons, autotelic nature of human creation, transcendence.
„Oszalał!”: Siergiej Eisenstein przygotowuje adaptację „Kapitału” Karola Marksa
Authors: Szczepański Tadeusz
Published: March 2020

“He went crazy!”: Sergei Eisenstein prepares the adaptation of The Capital by Karl MarxThis article is an analysis of a legendary creative project of Sergei Eisenstein, who at the end of the 1920s was thinking about filming Capital: A Critique of Political Economy by Karl Marx. For years this idea was regarded as anecdotal empty bragging of the eminent director, but his journals from the years 1927–1928 include materials proving that the conceptual work on the film was at an advanced stage. The main idea behind the film fully developed the concept of the so-called intellectual cinema as an ideological discourse, with which Eisenstein had already experimented when making October: Ten Days That Shook the World. The author of the article sets young Eisenstein’s working notes on the film version of Capital in the context of his interest in Marxism and in the political and propaganda context of his cinema’s evolution in the 1920s, also explaining the reasons for the failure of the project, the theme and ideology of which were to some extent reflected in Eisenstein’s unfinished Hollywood projects. ­
O trudności ekranizacji. Andrzej Wajda i „Jądro ciemności”
Authors: Janikowska Agata
Published: March 2020

The difficulty of film adaptation. Andrzej Wajda and Heart of DarknessThe purpose of the article is to characterize and analyze the possible shape of a film adaptation of Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, which Andrzej Wajda never accomplished. Through using archival materials, notes, letters, scripts and screenplays the author of the article reconstructs the creative work of the director on the idea of the movie and the issues which eventually prevented a finalization of this project. The article refers not only to Wajda’s unrealized film, but also to Conrad themes present in the director’s creations.
Migrujące rzeczy. Pamiątki po zmarłych w doświadczeniu polskich emigrantów
Authors: Janiak Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Migrating things: Souvenirs of the deceased in the experience of Polish emigrantsThe paper focuses on a special category of objects — the stuff of the deceased a kind of mem­orabilia brought from the homeland by migrants. These are both ethnic and family memorabilia, evoking the lost homeland and the dead from the family, constituting a kind of bridge over space and time at the same time. Therefore, we are talking about objects that migrate between different orders of reality — spatial, temporal, social and cultural ones. The stuff of the deceased are “mi­grating objects” because they have changed their functions, meanings and functionalities. I treat the memorabilia as speaking objects that always have something to say about themselves, about us, about reality. On the basis of partially structured interviews with Polish emigrants in the USA carried out in 2017, an inventory of significant and valuable items for respondents was selected. It was used for the analysis of the semiotic and axiological status and experiencing of the indicated objects and their functions and meanings.
Od trawelogu do King Konga. Misja badawcza jako motyw kina lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych w świetle imaginarium społecznego epoki
Authors: Zontek Robert
Published: March 2020

From the travelogue to King Kong: Science expeditions as a cinematic motif of the 1920s and 1930s in light of the social imaginaries of the eraScience expeditions are a staple of cinematic fiction. The theme has been utilized in dozens of permutations in different media and film genres ranging from adventure flicks to family comedies and horrors. Indiana Jones, undoubtedly the best-known “field researcher” in the world, is one of popular culture’s most recognizable figures. In this article, however, I am interested in an era predating his cinematic debut by at least a half century. Its main focus is the 1920s/1930s threshold in which science expeditions began constituting themselves as a motif of cinema and the reasons why such a seemingly august, scholarly enterprise transformed into a popcultural phenomenon. My analysis will focus on two often overlooked but massively popular genres of the era: expeditionary films and exotic exploitation films, both of which, I argue, can be traced back to the ethnographic travelogue. I begin my inquiries — and end them — with Merian C. Cooper’s and Ernest B. Schoedsack’s King Kong 1993, which provides me with a framework for describing the ever-fickle relationship between documentary, fiction, truth and fabrication, which defined the cinematic representations of science expeditions from the very beginning.
Rośliny krain zmyślonych — o zielnikach i wytwarzaniu miejsc
Authors: Sadowska Monika
Published: March 2020

Plants of imaginary lands: About herbaria and creating placesThis article is an attempt at applying a critical and affirmative perspective in reflection about herbaria and their creators. The historical connections of herbaria with practices related to violence in certain places and economically driven treatment of plants, including colonialism, are juxtaposed with concepts of creating the identity of an individual in association with the love of a place. The author presents the profiles of Father Władysław Michał Zaleski and Eliza Orzeszkowa, discussing their botanical albums created over the years. The reflection on herbaria and their creators presented in the text embeds the practice of creating botanical collections in the context of contemporary problems related to the degradation of the natural environment, indicating that the value lost by hobby herbals created within the production of scientific knowledge is also an opportunity to create a bond with the natural environment.
Córka cieni — od typologii sieroty i children studies do pamięci protetycznej i memory boom
Authors: Wiśniewska Anna
Published: March 2020

Córka cieni — from orphan’s typology and children studies to prosthetic memory and memory boomIn the article are discussed orphan’s motif and its variants shown in a  cycle of novels Córka cieni. There are presented variants with explanations. Afterwards their presence has been shown in curriculum vitae of a  protagonist — Juliana Dors, in sequence of written relations with others orphans characters and abandoned children. In the second part there was considered if searching her paternity was searching of her identity as well. At last there were shown historic events in which the main character takes part with her family. The main character had historical background, but there was considered if she lived like every child and women of war in the Polish People’s Republic.
Powieść w odcinkach na łamach żnińskiej gazety „Pałuczanin” 1927–1939
Authors: Wodniak Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The serialized novel in the Pałuczanin newspaper from Żnin 1927–1939In the history of the Polish press of the interwar period, a provincial publishing center located in Żnin, in Pałuki region, played a major role. In the 1930s, Żnin was home to a dynamically developing press company, offering high-circulation titles of nationwide coverage Moje Powieści, Moja Przyjaciółka. The first step towards the creation of the future Publishing House of Alfred Ksycki was the establishment of the Pałuczanin newspaper in 1927, which formed the basis for subsequent publishing initiatives. The periodical, including a few supplements, was edited in accordance with the principle of “everything for everyone”, and signalled the upcoming era of mass press. One of the ways of acquiring new readers, was the printing of novels in episodes, which started already in the first issue of the newspaper with a mini rural novel by Stanisław Kluczek, a folk writer of sensational historical novels. The newspaper featured 30 other popular novels from authors associated with the region Wanda Brzeska, Jan Andrzej Kraśny, Alojzy Kuzio, Franciszek Ksawery Tuczyński, but also those known from 19th-century French newspapers Émile Richebourg, Jules de Gastyne. The article presents the characteristics of all the titles published through the newspaper.
Film genre patterns and complex narrative strategies in the service of authorship
Authors: Virginás Andrea
Published: March 2020

Film genre patterns and complex narrative strategies in the service of authorshipFrom the Euro-American canon of contemporary filmmaking a selection of films has been made, the directors of which transition from low-budget, arthouse, regional first features made in the years 1997–1998 mainly Cube and Pi, with occasional references to Run, Lola, Run and Following to big-budget, Hollywood-funded blockbusters presented in the years 2009–2010 Splice and Black Swan, occasionally referring to The International and Inception. Within this framework the issue of how generic patterns are used by these directors fond of narrative complexity is discussed. While in the debut features narrative complexity is the main issue, leading to a revisionist usage of sci-fi Natali and psychological thriller/horror Aronofsky, as well as action film Tykwer and noir detection film Nolan, in the 2009–2010 blockbusters narrative complexity is hidden behind apparently sincere generic imitation. This latter procedure, on closer inspection, reveals the allegorical recreation of genres as types as defined by Laetz and McIver Lopes in The Routledge Companion to Film and Philosophy. The aim is to examine narratively complex designs as tools in establishing the authorial names of these directors, based on their first features, with attention paid to the consistency of film genres referenced.
Detours of absurdity: Coen brothers’ Fargo in the noir melting pot of genre patterns
Authors: Żyto Kamila
Published: March 2020

Detours of absurdity: Coen brothers’ Fargoin the noir melting pot of genre patternsThe idea of film noir, especially neo-noir, viewed as a stable and clear genre has as many supporters as detractors. The controversy is nothing new, and a compromise is still elusive. The reason for such an impasse is not merely the intransigent stance of opponents, the strength of their arguments, but is also a result of the hybridization of genres in main stream cinema and elsewhere. I discuss the problem presented by film noir in the context of the question of generic identity on the example of the Coen brothers’ Oscar-winning Fargo. The movie is an interesting case study as it does not make use of any of the genres typical for film noir in its unadulterated form i.e. genres associated with film noir in its classical era. In Fargo, Joel and Ethan Coen skillfully combine elements of the detective story though not necessarily associated with hard-boiled fiction with crime shows, gangster movie with thrillers about psychopaths, comedy with tragedy and family drama with melodrama of mischance. The result remains the same — the world of Fargo stays noir, dark and pessimistic and permeated with the absurd.
“Cool XXL”: Slovak millennial films in the context of postsocialist sensibility of Slovak cinema
Authors: Dudková Jana
Published: March 2020

“Cool XXL”: Slovak millennial films in the context of post-socialist sensibility of Slovak cinemaThe article stems from social representations of coolness in Slovak cinema of the beginning of the new millenium and examines how these representations blur or deform the idea of continuities and discontinuities with regard to the sensibility of postsocialist Slovak cinema. The article points out the critical response of Slovak urban lifestyle films from the beginning of the new millenium and shows the transformation of its own idea of anaesthetical coolness into “festival” dramaturgy of the cycle of Slovak social dramas appearing after 2009.
Liberté, égalité, sororité. Kobiece gatunki cielesne i francuskie „ekstremistki”
Authors: Stańczyk Marta
Published: March 2020

Liberté, Égalité, Sororité: Female body genres and the women of the New French ExtremityIn the essay Film Bodies: Gender, Genre, and Excess, Linda Williams coins the concept of body genres. These genres include melodrama, horror and porn, which are linked through their impact on the spectator’s body and intensifying viewing experiences. According to Williams, these three film genres emphasize the notion of spectacle, but they place the female body in its centre. The female body is moving and is being moved, which causes its vulnerability to the hegemony of the male gaze. But we can conduct research from a feminist perspective and find films that simultaneously tell about a visceral excess and develop an intellectual transgression through the body. The best example of this tendency is the New French Extremity, precisely the female directors such as Catherine Breillat, Mariny de Van or Virginie Despentes. They maximize the somatic spectacle in their films, which annihilates the pleasure that the male spectator derives from the fetishized female body.
Zagajenia marszałka sejmu — ewolucja wzorca gatunkowego od XVI wieku do dziś
Authors: Dawidziak-Kładoczna Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Opening speeches of the Speaker of the Sejm — evolution of the genre pattern from the 16th century till todayAn opening speech is avariant of aparliamentary speech delivered by the Speaker of the Sejm at the beginning of each day of parliamentary debate. It differs from other types of parliamentary speeches, because typically the latter represents the rhetoric style, whereas an opening speech combines rhetoric and official styles. The former style predominated until the 19th century, while after 1861 atypically official style begins to predominate. It has always been amulti-segment text, but the number of segments and their character have evolved with time. Thus, the number of elements of the composition is limited and the degree of their mandatory nature varies, which results from, e.g. external determinants context. When illocutions are concerned, their general aims never change, contrary to detailed aims, even though since the times of the Diet of the Kingdom of Galicia relative stability may be observed in this respect. The stylistic aspect is the most significant. Although a feature of the opening speech is its openness, its form is schematic allowing for certain modifications. Two phenomena may be observed here — restricting the repertory of means petrification, standardisation and enriching the texts with etiquette formulas
Spotkanie kultur — spotkanie gestów. O rozumieniu wybranych brytyjskich gestów emblematycznych przez Polaków uczących się języka angielskiego
Authors: Szczepaniak Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Ameeting of cultures, ameeting of gestures. On understanding selected British emblematic gestures by Poles learning EnglishThe text presents the results of research on decoding selected British emblematic gestures by Poles claiming agood command of English. Due to migration processes, as well as cultural rapprochement, Poles often find themselves in various communicative situations with people well versed in British culture. Understanding arepertoire of nonverbal signs is an indispensable factor of successful communication. In the text 22 typical British gestures mostly unknown and not used within Polish culture have been characterised, and the level of understanding of these gestures by Polish interlocutors has been estimated. The results of discrepancies between the meaning of the gestures and their decoding by Poles have also been presented.
Uwarunkowane kulturowo zmiany językowe w kaszubskim przekładzie Bajki o rybaku i rybce Aleksandra Siergiejewicza Puszkina
Authors: Makurat Hanna
Published: March 2020

Culturally conditioned linguistic changes in the Kashubian translation of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin’s The Tale of the Fisherman and the FishIn the article Idiscuss the culturally conditioned linguistic changes that were recorded in the Kashubian translation of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin’s The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish, made in 1868 by Florian Ceynowa. The analysis has shown that the author of the translation in the Kashubian version of the fairy tale consistently applied the strategy of adaptation, eliminating any culturally foreign elements from the text. The meaning of the words which were originally carriers of the Russian culture, have been modified, so that they do not evoke associations with the Russian culture. The changes in phraseology cause the Kashubian reader to have no impression of communing with the text embodied in adifferent culture. The realities characteristic for the Russian culture have been replaced by native, yet not always entirely adequate, Kashubian counterparts in the translation.
Zmiany wizerunkowe mężczyzny w przestrzeni lingwakulturowej
Authors: Garncarek Piotr
Published: March 2020

Image changes of a man in the linguocultural spaceLinguistic sensitivity to the reality around us, particularly the one in the social dimension, is an intriguing research area. In the wake of the ever faster rushing world, the language tries to catch up in different ways, not always in its own way. It borrows, calques, phonetically assimilates the foreign lexicon; moreover, it creates neologisms, fabricates and inserts new, “author’s” words, expressions and phrases. The linguocultural space, implied as a special area, where the language is intertwined with the described culture of a society — ethnic, national or linguistic, should look forward to the change of its own denomination. Calling phenomena linguocultural indicates the succession from language to reality. It is rather “demanding” linguistically. If indeed we adopt the sequence of events, the space in question is essentially linguocultural. The language must catch up and name new situations, phenomena, artifacts rather than create the reality which is made up of them. The relationship is analysed in the article and illustrated by examples thematically related to the image changes of a man.
W nurcie tak zwanej nowej ewangelizacji. Próba rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu ewangelizacji w Biblii, Katechizmie Kościoła Katolickiego i tekstach współczesnych ewangelizatorów
Authors: Kulwicka-Kamińska Joanna
Published: March 2020

In the stream of the new evangelization: An attempt to reconstruct the linguistic image of evangelization in the Bible, Catechism of the Catholic Church and in texts of contemporary evangelists The article is an attempt to present the linguistic image of the notion of “evangelization”, namely its cognitive structure in the Bible, in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and in selected source texts, thematically related to the so-called new evangelization. It applies the method of description of the major aspects of a notion, which is used in ethnolinguistics. For evangelization, such aspects are: object and subject of evangelization; the place and time of evangelization; the ways and methods of evangelization; the circumstances related to the event of evangelization conditions; the effective works of evangelization; the definitions of evangelization; the works focused on evangelization; the acts of evangelization; the features of evangelization; the phenomena related to evangelization; and what serves the purpose of evangelization. On the basis of the presented analysis, it is pointed out that during the last 20 years in the teachings of the Catholic Church’s evangelists the semantic range of the notion “evangelization” has changed.
Językowy obraz głosu w polszczyźnie — ujęcie diachroniczne
Authors: Majdak Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Selected aspects of the linguistic image of the voice in Polish: The diachronic approachThe aim of the article is to present a linguistic image of the voice in diachronic terms. In the analysis, the material in the Polish language that is considered comes from the dictionaries of the contemporary and historical Polish as well as the corpus of texts of various epochs. The article focuses only on the voice emission activity.The text also includes the methodological reflections resulting from the practice of the language historian.
Geneza i ewolucja humoru
Authors: Libura Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

On the origin and evolution of humorThe paper discusses various hypotheses that humor is an evolutionary adaptation. First, those research fields that may shed light on the origin and evolution of humor are presented. Second, the problem of dating the origin of humor and laughter is briefly addressed. Third, three groups of evolutionary explanations are considered, each of which is associated with one of the main theories of humor: psychoanalytical, cognitive-perceptual and social-behavioral theories. The data provide quite convincing evidence of cognitive and social benefits that may have facilitated the evolutionary development of humor. These data are consistent with core theses of the cognitive-perceptual theories of humor on the one hand and with some less prominent versions of the social-behavioral theories on the other hand.
Cyfrowy zwrot w polonistyce szkolnej
Authors: Wróblewski Maciej
Published: March 2020

The digital turn in the teaching of Polish at schoolIn the article the author describes selected aspects of cultural changes caused by the omnipresence of new media, which affect cultural behaviour of young Poles, primarily when it comes to how they use language. He uses the concept of cultural software, taken from J.M. Balkin’s book and popularised by L. Manovich, to describe phenomena stemming from achange in the circulation and functioning of cultural goods on the Internet. As children and adolescents constantly use various mobile devices connected to the global web, their free time is filled primarily with pop cultural content strengthening consumer attitudes. Thelanguage of the new media changes the roles of the sender and the receiver, and becomes asource of new forms of intellectual activity hitherto referred to as “reading”, “analysis”, “interpretation”.
Wstęp do rozprawki — oczekiwania a rzeczywistość
Authors: Kaszewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

An introduction to a short essay — expectations and realityThe introduction regarded as a very important part of a text, having a considerable impact on its persuasive power and substantive value. In the article I examine how pupils cope with creating this part of their texts in an argumentative form known as short essay. The research material was made up of around 100 essays on several topics, written by first form pupils from various kinds of post-secondary schools. The analyses focused on the content of the introductions, their links to the objective of each essay, the topic and main part of the text. They demonstrate that most introductions are weak in terms of their content and pragmatics; often their only significant component is a thesis though this is not always the case either. After presenting the results of the analyses, I point to the possible causes of this unsatisfactory state of affairs.
Uchodźcy w opowiadaniach uczniowskich
Authors: Cichocki Eryk
Published: March 2020

Refugees in student storiesThe article contains an analysis and the interpretation of student essays about refugees. The authors of the works are sixth grade students from one of Wroclaw primary schools. The students present refugees, showing who are the fugitives, what is the reason for refugeeism, what do refu­gees lose,what are thetraits of character of refugees, the difficulties encountered by fugitives,what proposals do refugees hear, how refugees make their live in Poland. The article contains a summary of student responses as well as conclusions from the analysis of school compositions. Stories with dialogue were created as part of a natural didactic experiment focusing on alterity and strangeness.
Alternatywne połączenia logistyczne między Polską i państwami Partnerstwa Wschodniego
Authors: Butyter Daniel
Published: March 2020

Alternative logistics connections between Poland and the Eastern Partnership membersTransport services market is one of the key elements of the economy of each country. Through the transport market the access to factors of production for enterprises is provided and by its mediation products are delivered to consumers. The correctness of functioning of the market determines the efficiency of the whole economic system of the country. For each Eastern Partnership country the EU is the main trade partner. Poland as one of the member states of the European Union is closely cooperating with the Eastern Partnership countries and the key to the development of this cooperation is the insurance of the proper functioning of the transport market. The aim of the article is to present the current logistics connections between Poland and Eastern Partnership countries and problems of logistics connections and as well as alternative connections that create more favorable conditions for the cooperation.
Zastosowanie metod pokojowego rozstrzygania sporów w konflikcie o Górski Karabach
Authors: Kolarz Stefania
Published: March 2020

Application of peaceful means of international disputes resolution in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflictOver twenty years ago the Armenians inhabiting one of Azerbaijani provinces declared constitution of a new state — the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Hence, the conflict over legal status of this region begun; formally the terrain belongs to Azerbaijan, but it remains under Armenian control. The international community multiplied attempts of mediation and created a Group of Minsk under auspices of OSCE especially for the purpose of resolution of the karabakhi dispute. However, any settlement wasn’t reached so far. Therefore, one may ask whether this conflict may be solved using diplomatic means of international disputes resolution?
Znikający powojenny modernizm — czy prawo powinno szerzej chronić dobra kultury?
Authors: Kuzia Wiktoria
Published: March 2020

The disappearance of late modernism — shall the scope of the law’s protection of monuments be broader?The aim of the article is to analyze the problem of demolishing valuable objects of modernist architecture. It raises a question of the scope of protection needed. The author analyzes the requirements of the legal statutes, which leads to the conclusion that there is indeed a great need for new and effective protection measures, as well as the establishment of appropriate evaluation criteria. The author discusses certain examples of demolished buildings, pointing out the features that made them unique and exceptional. Moreover, the article compares those “never recognized nor acknowledged” monuments with the buildings which has taken their space. Due to the fact, that the demolition of the most of the post-war modernism buildings happened because of the lack of appropriate and effective conservation efforts, the author calls for greater involvement of architectural critics in the process of qualification of monuments and their protection.
Odszkodowanie ryczałtowe za naruszenie praw autorskich — kara czy skuteczny sposób na egzekwowanie praw?
Authors: Czuchryta Joanna , Matyszewska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Lump-sum compensation for copyright infringement — punishment or effective way to enforce rights?The Copyright and Related Rights Act introduced the possibility of demanding double and triple of the license fee in case of copyright infringement. This solution has aroused many reservations in doctrine and case-law, because it raised doubts whether it is a punishment or just compensation for the violation. This article presents the views of the Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union, in order to try to resolve the doubts as to the nature of the institution of lump-sum compensation in copyright law. On the basis of two fundamental judgments authors try to show that the current legal regulations are inappropriate and should be changed.
Technological trap and its overcoming difficulties in transition economies
Authors: Iashvili Tsotne
Published: March 2020

TECHNOLOGICAL TRAP AND ITS OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSISION ECONOMIESThe aim of this article is to examine the technological trap and its impact on theeconomic growth. The most important question is: how the technological trap can be a burden for the economy, especially for the countries in transition. The paper provides the definition of the technological trap, the hazards of necroeconomy and how the necroeconomy can be a significant burden for economic growth of countries in transition. Our aim is to provide some theoretical examinations from above mentioned economic issues. The paper provides different sources of the technological trap and mostly is concentrated on the technological trap in transition economies.
Glosa do wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego we Wrocławiu z dnia 23 sierpnia 2017 roku, I SA/Wr 524/17
Authors: Korzyb Karolina
Published: March 2020

GLOSS TO JUDGEMENT OF THE VOIVODESHIP ADMINISTRATIVE COURT OF WROCŁAW OF 23 AUGUST 2017, CASE NO. I SA/WR 524/17The judgement of the Voivodeship Administrative Court of Wrocław of 23 August 2017, case no. I SA/Wr 524/17, commented in this gloss, refers to problem of interpretation general clauses in discretional decisions of tax administration organ regarding grant tax relief, such as arranging instalments to pay. In commentor’s opinion, arguments given by the Court should be criticised due to its laconism about administrative discretion, content of general clauses and ignorance of tax authority’s breach of procedure. The author compares those arguments with some juridical doctrine and court jurisdiction and suggests more accurate solution for that case. This paper has significant meaning in understanding a complex process of proper application of legal regulation involving general clauses. It is especially important in demanding cases for the whole tax system and individuals in such a difficult economic situation as the possibility of giving tax relief upon the taxpayer’s request.
Instytucja kuratora spadku nieobjętego, jego prawa i obowiązki w polskim systemie prawa cywilnego
Authors: Mazurek Przemysław
Published: March 2020

INSTITUTION OF HERITAGE CUSTODIAN, ITS RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN THE POLISH CIVIL LAW SYSTEMOne of the few institutions of inheritance law, which so far has not been widely elaborated in the literature on the subject, is the institution of the curator of an inheritance not included. The institution of the curator of the inheritance dates back to Roman law and to this day in its assumptions fulfills the same role that we find on this subject in the literature of ancient Roman lawyers. Judicial practice does not fully use the institution of a probation officer. The article is to bring this institution closer.
System gwarantowania depozytów w Polsce — Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Authors: Sułkowski Karol
Published: March 2020

The deposit guarantee system in Poland — Bank Guarantee FundThe author discusses the deposit guarantee system based on the new act from 10 June 2016 on the Bank Guarantee Fund, the deposit guarantee system and forced restructuring. It focuses on presenting the formation of this system since the nineties of the twentieth century. Next, he describes and discusses the basics of regulation, the status, goals, tasks and authorities of the Bank Guarantee Fund. Then he goes on to discuss the deposit guarantee system, funds and entities and the rules governing payouts. The next part deals with the issue of guarantee amounts and the date of their payment. Attention is also paid to the financial management of the Fund and the assistance function in relation to banks and cooperative savings and credit unions. At the end, the author discusses the practical issues of the aid granted so far and sends a hint "de lege ferenda".
Unormowanie przesłanek udzielenia koncesji na prowadzenie kasyna gry a ochrona interesu publicznego
Authors: Kopystyński Konrad
Published: March 2020

Regulation of premises of granting a concession for operating casino games and the protection of the public interestExclusion of application general negative premises of granting a concession from the entrepreneurs law in cases of granting a concession for operating casino games does not cause a limitation of protection of the public interest compared to standard which is appointed by general regulation. Premises of granting the concession for operating casino games from the law on gambling do not have a narrower scope than general negative premises of granting a concession from the entrepreneurs law. That conclusion is based on the comparison between the both regulations. Moreover, on the grounds on the previous freedom of economic activity act, a few general negative premises of granting a concession had a wider scope than premises of granting the concession for operating casino games. Simultaneously, exclusion of application general rules in cases of granting the concession for operating casino games also then was in force. Elimination a few general negative premises in the entrepreneurs law, which were applying on base of the repealed freedom of economic activity act, caused that level of the protection of public interest appointed by scope of general negative premises of granting a concession is not lower than level of the protection of public interest in cases of granting a concession for operating casino games. That solution eliminated a certain systemic inconsistency, which had existed before the entrepreneurs law came into force.