bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adults with Prader–Willi syndrome exhibit a unique microbiota profile
Authors: Dahl Wendy J. , Auger Jérémie , Alyousif Zainab , Miller Jennifer L. , Tompkins Thomas A.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) require less energy intake to maintain body weight than the general adult population. This, combined with their altered gastrointestinal transit time, may impact microbiota composition. The aim of the study was to determine if the fecal microbiota composition of adults with PWS differed from non-affected adults. Using usual diet/non-interventional samples, fecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and data from adults with PWS were merged with four other adult cohorts that differed by geographical location and age. QIIME 2™ sample-classifier, machine learning algorithms were used to cross-train the samples and predict from which dataset the taxonomic profiles belong. Taxa that most distinguished between all datasets were extracted and a visual inspection of the R library PiratePlots was performed to select the taxa that differed in abundance specific to PWS.

Results

Fecal microbiota composition of adults with PWS showed low Blautia and enhanced RF39 (phyla Tenericutes), Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, Erysipelotrichacaea, Parabacteriodes and Odoribacter. Higher abundance of Tenericutes, in particular, may be a signature characteristic of the PWS microbiota although its relationship, if any, to metabolic health is not yet known.
Mind the translational gap: using iPS cell models to bridge from genetic discoveries to perturbed pathways and therapeutic targets
Authors: Pintacuda Greta , Martín Jacqueline M. , Eggan Kevin C.
Published: February 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions as well as the presentation of restrictive and repetitive behaviors. ASD is highly heritable but genetically heterogenous with both common and rare genetic variants collaborating to predispose individuals to the disorder. In this review, we synthesize recent efforts to develop human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models of ASD-related phenotypes. We firstly address concerns regarding the relevance and validity of available neuronal iPSC-derived models. We then critically evaluate the robustness of various differentiation and cell culture protocols used for producing cell types of relevance to ASD. By exploring iPSC models of ASD reported thus far, we examine to what extent cellular and neuronal phenotypes with potential relevance to ASD can be linked to genetic variants found to underlie it. Lastly, we outline promising strategies by which iPSC technology can both enhance the power of genetic studies to identify ASD risk factors and nominate pathways that are disrupted across groups of ASD patients that might serve as common points for therapeutic intervention.
A bedridden young lady with hypophosphatemic rickets treated with denosumab: a case report
Authors: Al-Sharafi Butheinah A. , Al-Yousfi Nuha A. , Bamashmus Said A.
Published: February 2021

Background

Hypophosphatemic rickets is associated with delayed walking, bone deformities, growth failure and physical dysfunction that can limit daily activities. Treatment consists of phosphate salts and calcitriol. We report a case that received denosumab with marked improvement in her condition.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old Yemeni female with hypophosphatemic rickets presented to an endocrinologist with severe weakness and severe pain in the extremities, she had been bedridden for the last 4 years. Bone density showed severe osteoporosis (T score of hip was − 5.0 and Z score of hip was − 5.0, T score of the spine was − 6.0 and Z score of the spine was − 6.1) so the patient was started on denosumab in addition to calcitriol and after 7months she was feeling stronger and felt she could stand assisted and was walking with assistance within 9 months and after 1.5 years of treatment she was walking unassisted.

Conclusion

Denosumab is an effective treatment for osteoporosis, we used it in our patient in addition to calcitriol because she had severe osteoporosis due to long standing hypophosphatemic rickets that had not been treated properly, the patient improved markedly and regained the ability to walk again after being bedridden for 4 years. It may be a drug to consider in such cases although further studies need to be done to confirm this.
Beneficial effects of dantrolene in the treatment of rhabdomyolysis as a potential late complication associated with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Chiba Nobutaka , Matsuzaki Masakazu , Mawatari Takayuki , Mizuochi Minori , Sakurai Atsushi , Kinoshita Kosaku
Published: February 2021

Background

Patients with severe COVID-19 have disorders of the respiratory, cardiovascular, coagulation, skeletal muscle, and central nervous systems. These systemic failures may be associated with cytokine release syndrome, characterized by hyperpyrexia, thrombocytopenia, hyperferritinemia, and the elevation of other inflammatory markers. Rhabdomyolysis with high fever is a complication that is rarely found in COVID-19. The exact relations of these clinical conditions in patients with COVID-19 remain unknown.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 36-year-old man with severe COVID-19 complicated by rhabdomyolysis and high fever. After admission, his condition continued to deteriorate, with a high body temperature. On day 9, the patient had elevated creatine kinase and myoglobin levels consistent with rhabdomyolysis (26,046 U/L and 3668 ng/mL, respectively). In addition to viral therapy, he was immediately treated with hydration. However, the patient had persistent fever and elevated creatine kinase levels. The patient was diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia as a late complication of COVID-19, although he had no hereditary predisposition to malignant hyperthermia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The administration of dantrolene with muscle relaxation and anti-inflammatory function showed potential efficacy for rhabdomyolysis, high fever, and increased plasma inflammatory markers.

Conclusions

Malignant hyperthermia is triggered by not only anesthetic agents but also viral infections. A possible mechanism of malignant hyperthermia is hypersensitivity of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These include mutations in or the activation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor calcium release channel. Dantrolene is a ryanodine receptor antagonist and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The administration of dantrolene showed potential efficacy for rhabdomyolysis, high body temperature due to inflammation, and increased inflammatory markers. The underlying mechanism of the association of rhabdomyolysis and high fever in COVID-19 might be similar to the pathogenesis of malignant hyperthermia.
CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors
Authors: McCusker Jane , Jones Jennifer M. , Li Madeline , Faria Rosana , Yaffe Mark J. , Lambert Sylvie D. , Ciampi Antonio , Belzile Eric , de Raad Manon
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE

Depression in post-treatment cancer survivors is common and can impair quality of life. CanDirect is a novel, telephone-delivered depression self-care intervention for cancer survivors. We conducted a randomized controlled superiority trial to compare CanDirect with usual care (UC) in this population.

METHODS

Participants completing cancer treatment within the past 10 years who had mild-moderate depressive symptoms with or without major depression were recruited from clinical and community settings in Quebec and Ontario. Permuted block random assignment allocated participants to CanDirect plus UC or to UC alone. Assessments of depression severity (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]; primary outcome) and secondary outcomes health-related quality of life (Short Form Survey-12 mental and physical component summaries), anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), activation (Patient Activation Measure), depression diagnosis (Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV), and health services (self-report) were conducted at baseline, as well as 3 and 6 months (primary time point). Analyses of outcomes were adjusted for covariates using linear regression and missing data by inverse probability weighting.

RESULTS

Participants recruited between September 2016 and October 2018 were randomly assigned to CanDirect (n = 121) or UC (n = 124). Among 245 participants randomly assigned, 218 (89.0%) completed the primary outcome at 6 months. CanDirect participants reported less severe depressive symptoms on the CES-D than UC participants at 6 months, adjusted effect size (ES) 0.61 (95% CI, 0.33 to 0.88). CanDirect participants also had significantly greater quality of life, lower anxiety, more activation, and lower rates of depression diagnoses, compared with UC. Exploratory analysis suggested that sex was a modifier of the primary outcome (interaction term P value = .03); the intervention was less effective in men (ES, 0.12; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.69).

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that CanDirect is an effective method of managing mild-moderate depression symptoms in cancer survivors.
Cellular metabolism in the defense against microbes
Authors: Pernas Lena
Published: February 2021

The study of metabolic changes associated with host–pathogen interactions have largely focused on the strategies that microbes use to subvert host metabolism to support their own proliferation. However, recent reports demonstrate that changes in host cell metabolism can also be detrimental to pathogens and restrict their growth. In this Review, I present a framework to consider how the host cell exploits the multifaceted roles of metabolites to defend against microbes. I also highlight how the rewiring of metabolic processes can strengthen cellular barriers to microbial invasion, regulate microbial virulence programs and factors, limit microbial access to nutrient sources and generate toxic environments for microbes. Collectively, the studies described here support a critical role for the rewiring of cellular metabolism in the defense against microbes. Further study of host–pathogen interactions from this framework has the potential to reveal novel aspects of host defense and metabolic control, and may inform how human metabolism impacts the progression of infectious disease.
Two decades of research on CBCT imaging in DMFR – an appraisal of scientific evidence
Authors: Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Leite André Ferreira , Vasconcelos Karla de Faria , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: February 2021

Objective:

This article aims to appraise how scientific evidence related to CBCT has changed over the years, based on levels of evidence and diagnostic efficacy.

Methods:

A general search strategy was used in different databases (Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science) to identify systematic reviews (SRs) on CBCT until November of 2020. The SRs included were divided according to different specialties of dentistry. A critical review of the articles was made, describing the level of evidence and efficacy.

Results:

In total, 75 articles were selected. There was an increase in the number of SRs on CBCT from 2014 onwards, as 83% of the SRs on this topic were published after 2013, and 72% between 2016 and to date. Twenty SRs (27%) performed meta-analysis. Only 28% of the SRs provided a detailed description of CBCT protocols. According to SR evidence, almost all specialties of dentistry have advanced concomitantly with the introduction of CBCT. The majority of SRs were related to clinical applications (level 2 of efficacy), followed by technical parameters (level 1 of efficacy). Only some CBCT models were mentioned in the SRs selected.

Conclusion:

Over the course of 20 years, SRs related to CBCT applications for a broad range of dental specialties have been published, with the vast majority of studies at levels 1 and 2 of diagnostic efficacy. Not all CBCT models available on the market have been scientifically validated. At all times, one should remain cautious as such not to simply extrapolate in vitro results to the clinical setting. Also, considering the wide variety of CBCT devices and protocols, reported results should not be overstated or generalized, as outcomes often refer to specific CBCT devices and protocols.
Μετρώντας τη χωρο-αντιληπτική ικανότητα: Η ανάπτυξη και τα ψυχομετρικά χαρακτηριστικά του Τεστ Αντίληψης Χώρου (ΤΑΧ)
Authors: Τσαούσης Ιωάννης
Published: February 2021

The abstract is available in the PDF
ЗРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ КОНТАКТ КАК ФОРМА НЕВЕРБАЛЬНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ
Authors: Kornilova V. S. , Sochina E. A.
Published: February 2021

Актуальность исследования зрительного контакта как формы невербальной коммуникации неуклонно возрастает в связи с исследовательским интересом поиска и разработки новых ресурсов воздействия на человека в разных сферах жизнедеятельности.Цель – проведение теоретического анализа литературы по заявленной проблематике для обоснования понятия, особенностей, функции и значения зрительного контакта.Методика исследования базируется на теоретическом обзоре работ отечественных и зарубежных ученых по проблеме зрительного контакта как формы невербальной коммуникации. В процессе исследования применялись методы теоретического анализа, сравнительного анализа, обобщения.Результаты. В статье представлен теоретический обзор основных научных подходов к проблеме изучения феномена зрительного контакта в процессе невербальной коммуникации, набирающего в последнее время популярность в отечественном психологическом сообществе.Выводы. «Пальма первенства» в исследовании зрительного контакта, как вида невербальной коммуникации, принадлежит зарубежным исследователям, работы которых помогли осмыслить понятия, особенности, функции и значение зрительного контакта.
The peculiarities of medical care organizing forpatients with viral hepatitis in Ukraine
Authors: Mykhalchuk Vasyl Mykolayovych , Pishchikov Valeriy Anatoliyovych
Published: February 2021

The problem of chronic viral hepatitis is gaining relevance. Many authors consider the issues of epidemiology as well as medical and diagnostic problems. Revising the structure of health care facilities (HCFs), a lack of specialized medical care units was defined.The purpose of the Program is to ensure access of the general population to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis B and C inUkrainein order to stabilize the epidemic situation, reduce morbidity, disability and mortality, increase the duration and quality of patients life.
Clinical and epidemiological features of chronic hepatitis C in the north-western region of Ukraine
Authors: Bevz T. I.
Published: February 2021

HCV infection had become widespread all over the world. As a result of the constant registration of a significant number of new cases with a tendency to increase, high chronicity, risk of fatal complications, lack of specific prevention and the complexity of treatment, which is expensive, the problem remains one of the most important for global health. Due to the lack of official registration of acute hepatitis C in Ukraine until 2003, and chronic hepatitis C - until 2010, the data on the incidence by region are need to be supplemented. The paper presents data on the prevalence of hepatitis C among the population of Rivne region of the North-Western region of Ukraine.
Technologies and methods of training prospective teachers at the universities of Poland for educational work
Authors: Kuzma Iryna Ihorivna
Published: February 2021

The technologies and methods of training prospective teachers at Polish universities for educational work have been studied in the article. The interpretation of terms “technology”, “method”, “technique” by Polish scientists has been revealed. The emphasis has been placed on the need to develop author’s methods of education based on pedagogical experience. Positive ideas that should be implemented in the process of professional training of prospective teachers inUkraine(overcoming of terminological differences in the interpretation of ways of education, study the classifications of research methods in Polish pedagogy; wide implementation of author’s methods of education; encouragement for innovative methods grounding) have been determined.
Chronic pain in Parkinson disease
Authors: Palamarchuk A.
Published: February 2021

The study was aimed to assess the modern trends explaining pathogenesis of chronic pain amongst patients with PD. The information search in the open sources was conducted using databases OVID, PubMed and EMBASE, the depth of search was in time frame after 2010. Content analysis was provided for the most pertinent literature reviews and clinical trials. There were selected 12 sources amongst 89 primary found references.There were discussed the main domains of pathogenesis of chronic pain in Parkinson disease. The approaches to pain management in PD patients primarily depend on the underlying cause. The presence of chronic pain syndrome should be considered as a reason for assessing the adequacy of antiparkinsonian therapy
The overall structure of microbiota in patients with adenocarcinoma stomach and colon cancer
Authors: Movchan O. V.
Published: February 2021

IntroductionAccumulating evidence suggests that the human bowel microbiota contributes to the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomach cancer, not only via the pro-carcinogenic activities of specific pathogens but also via the influence of the wider microbial community, particularly its metabolome.The aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to analyzes the overall structure of microbiota in patients with adenocarcinoma of colorectal and the stomach and healthy controls.ResultsThe studies suggested that colorectal cancer and stomach cancer develops from the complex interactions between inherited susceptibility and environmental factors, there a strong association between adenomatous polyps and some pathogenic bacteria are the precursors of the vast majority of colorectal cancers and stomach. Thus, the data suggested the development of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with adenocarcinoma, which was characterized by inhibiting obligate protective microflora and activation opportunistic microorganisms on the base of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism disturbances and accumulation of toxic metabolic products that may be an important pathogenetic factor of tumor tissue activation, induction, proliferation, and metaplasia. Significant accumulation of biogenic amines (methylamine, serotonin, histamine) is a leading metabolic profile of microflora inpatient with adenocarcinoma and may have a predictive value for diagnosis, pathogenetic therapy, and determination of food nutrients role in the mechanisms of cancer formation, as well as identifying populations of cancer risk.ConclusionsThe composition of the tumor microbiome differed from that of adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. The subsite-specific alterations in the colorectal carcinoma and stomach cancer microbiota. There is a high incidence of colorectal cancer and stomach cancer associated with Streptococcus Bovis. These results suggested that the mucosa-associated microbiota is dynamically associated with colorectal carcinoma, which may provide evidence for microbiota-associated diagnostic, prognostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for colorectal carcinoma and stomach cancer.
Vitamine D supply in girls of puberty age with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Сhaykivska E. F. , Berezenko V. S. , Tatarchuk T. F.
Published: February 2021

Vitamin D undergoes important biotransformation and inactivation in the liver. Because vitamin D is metabolized in the liver, abnormal vitamin D metabolism can be expected to be associated with chronic liver disease, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in puberty was the justification for the objective of the study– to determine the characteristics of vitamin D supply in girls of puberty age with AIH with autoimmune hepatitis during this period. Materials and methods. To solve this goal, a comprehensive clinical and paraclinical examination of 66 girls withAIH and 180 relatively healthy girls of the control group aged 12-17 years. The complex included clinical and anamnestic data, biochemical study of liver function, determination of serum autoantibodies and markers of viral hepatitis, the level of 25- (OH) D in blood serum, ultrasound and elastography of the hepatobiliary system organs, liver biopsy. Results. The mean level of vitamin 25 (OH) D in the serum of girls with AIH of pubertal age was 17.14 ± 1.06 vs. 23.27 ± 0.53 ng / ml in the control (p<0,01). In 66.67% of patients with AIH there was a deficiency of 25 (OH) D, in 22.73% – insufficiency, in 10.61% – the optimal level. The supply of vitamin D depended on the histological activity of AIG. Among girls with AIH and histological activity index> 9 points, the share of patients with vitamin D deficiency was 79.41% compared with 53.13% of cases among girls with AIH, where the histological activity index was <9 points (χ2=5.13; p<0,02). Conclusions. Cytolysis, cholestasis, mesenchymal-inflammatory syndrome, hepatocellular insufficiency in AIH in girls of puberty agedevelops against the background of reduced vitamin D supply, which depends on the histological activity of the disease.
Textbooks illustration features for junior schoolchildren in the establishment of state independence of Ukraine period (1990–2000)
Authors: Pohonets Ivanna
Published: February 2021

The article considers the peculiarities of illustrating school textbooks for primary schools ofUkraine, published in 1990-2000 inthe second half of the twentieth century in the context of reforming the national school system, development school textbook theory and the art of book graphics.Illustrative material of a number of outlined textbooks is analyzed period according to didactic, hygienic and artistic and aesthetic criteria and corresponding quality indicators of this structural component textbook. The main trends in illustrating publications for junior schoolchildren during the period of state independence ofUkraine. The relevance of taking into account positive ideas in illustration is argued educational publications of 1990–2000 in the process of creating a visual series for textbooks in the future.
Analysis of fatigue in surgeons after simultaneous laparoscopic operations
Authors: Halei M. , Dzubanovskyi I. , Marchuk I.
Published: February 2021

Fatigue is a temporary decrease in the efficiency of an organism or organ due to intensive or long-term work, which is manifested in a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators of work and deterioration of coordination of work functions. Groups of simultaneous operations (411 patients) and group of single operations (746 patients) were formed. The frequency of fencing also depended on the type of the body type of the patient, but with recalculation and averaging it was similar in both groups (4.18 ± 0.228 for their own method and 3.98 ±0.201 inthe group of standard equipment). The similarity and severity and nature of changes in both groups are very noticeable on the diagrams. The changes are comparable, and are easily explained by the longer operation time and the larger amount of work, in comparison with the usual technique of one operation. Also, the changes did not exceed 15%, which indicates a slight work fatigue, and does not lead to overfatigue.Our developed technique of simultaneous laparoscopic operations is effective and safe. It provides acceptable level of ergonomics and does not increase physical or mental pressure on surgeon.
Surgical treatment of brain tumors without informed consent - medical, organizational and legal aspect
Authors: Siedlecki Zygmunt , Gutkowska Agnieszka , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: February 2021

Brain tumors are often manifested by mental disorders. Changes in personality, behavior and logical functions are often the dominant pathological symptoms in patients with brain tumors. There are also cases where brain tumors occur in patients with psychotic disorders or mental retardation and in these particular cases, they aggravate the already advanced mental disability. As a result, patients with brain tumors are often intellectually disabled and it is not possible to perform informed consent to treatment. In clinical practice, those patients who require neurosurgical treatment must give their informed consent, and when it is not possible, the judicial consent must be adjudicated. In urgent cases, medical decision on surgery is necessary in algorithm of life saving surgery, due to size of tumor and brain edema. We present the current state of knowledge and the facts about neurosurgical prcedures performed in patients with brain tumors without obtaining informed consent. We analyze the medical, legal and organizational status, pay attention to the nuances and the need for outstanding clinical experience in such a delicate matter. Clinical experience and legal awareness is essential for a qualifying neurosurgeon.
Peculiarities of men's adaptation potential under the force loads effects
Authors: Yermishev O. V. , Kuchenko T. A. , Shevchuk D. J.
Published: February 2021

We studied the problems of improving sports and fitness classes in strength fitness to increase the adaptive capacity of the body of untrained young men aged 20-21 years old by using different load regimes. In the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, it was found that the methodology and the impact of loads on adaptation processes are not comprehensively studied. In addition, effective and at the same time safe load regimens using various exercises in sports and recreation are not developed to the full extent. To study the impact of strength training, 20 untrained people were invited. They used two load modes: Group 1 - standard level and Group 2 - high-intensity and low-volume mode.As a result of the analysis of the obtained indicators of adaptive potential in the 1st group, which were recorded during 3 months of training under power loads, the optimal period of duration of significant adaptive changes in their body, which intensified after the second month of training, was determined. The analysis of lean body weight shows an increase relative to the second month not only in the 1st group, but no significant changes were recorded in the 2nd group. The analysis of the results of the comprehensive body size of young men in both untrained groups show almost identical parameters. The level of coverage in the participants of the 1st group is on average 8.9% lower compared to the results obtained in the 2nd group.Based on the results obtained, we can say that the most informative markers for assessing adaptive changes in the body of men with a low level of physical fitness are morphometric parameters of the body.
Energy metabolism and tissue respiration in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: Soltani R. E.
Published: February 2021

A comparative study of the features of energy metabolism and tissue respiration in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome during the day and at night was performed. It has been established that during the day in the patients with OSAHS energy metabolism is higher than normal basal metabolism; in this case the cardiovascular system transports more oxygen and its tissues extract more than in norm. At night, due to cyclic attacks of apnoea hypopnoea, the release of sympathetic nervous system mediators is stimulated, as a result the intensity of tissue respiration also increases significantly and oxygen delivery is activated mainly by cardiovascular system. Such mechanisms are crucial for development of hypertension in the patients with OSAHS.
Clinical features of reparative regeneration of bone tissue and optimization of treatment for compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies against the background of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis
Authors: Ivchenko D. V. , Miroshnikov V. V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Bone-destructive processes and injuries of the vertebral bodies of the thoracic and lumbar localization are a significant part of the pathology of this localization. According to etiological factors, mechanisms of pathogenesis and the nature of the course, they are a very heterogeneous groups of diseases.Objective: to identify the main factors that determine the development of disorders in compression fractures of vertebral bodies of thoracic and lumbar localization against the background of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis for improving the prognostic criteria of the disease on the basis of an integrated assessment of the clinical course of the disease and optimizing treatment by activating reparative bone tissue regeneration according to the literature sources analyzed.Material and research methods. Depending on the treatment method used, patients were divided into 3 groups: in group 1 (control group) were 20 patients with compression fractures of vertebrae of thoracic and lumbar localization against a background of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis, where we used standard methods of therapy. Group 2 (main group) consisted of 20 patients with compression fractures of vertebrae of thoracic and lumbar localization against the background of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis, in the treatment of which platelet-rich plasma was also used in addition to standard methods of therapy.Research results. Based on the obtained results of the study, we developed an algorithm for surgical treatment of patients with pathological vertebral fractures against the background of osteoporosis. The choice of the method of surgical treatment depends on: the type of fracture, the level of damage, the degree of loss of bone mineral density, the degree of deformation of the spine, the general somatic state of the patient, the presence of stenosis of the spinal canal and signs of neurological deficit, the severity of the pain syndrome.Conclusion. The introduction of platelet-rich plasma to the area of the bone wound shortens the duration of the healing process, in our opinion, by eliminating the phase of inflammation, low intensification of the phase of formation of tissue-specific elements that are present in large amount in platelet growth factors. In order to accelerate the restoration of damaged bone, we used a platelet-rich plasma in addition to standard therapy, and found a positive effect on compressive fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae against the background of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis, which justifies the advisability of further use platelet-rich plasma in clinical practice.
The state of plasma hemostasis in patients with hypertonic disease and non-alcoholic fat-liver disease under conditions of hypercholesterinemia and associated statinotherapy
Authors: Bazhenova N. M.
Published: February 2021

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a marker of metabolic and dyslipidemic disorders. Given the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemias and their proven effect on the development of thrombotic cardiovascular complications in patients with NAFLD, it is important to understand the role of hemostatic blood activity.The objective: to increase the effectiveness of early diagnosis of thrombophilic blood changes in patients with hypertension (HT) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by determining the state of plasma hemostasis in conditions of hypercholesterolemia and concomitant statin therapy.Materials and methods. 152 patients were examined. Groups of patients: I - 46 patients with stage II HT, II - 54 patients with NAFLD without HT, group III - 52 patients with stage II HT with concomitant NAFLD.Results. The degree of spontaneous аggregаtion wаs significаntly higher in pаtients with hypercholesterolemiа - by 32.4% (p <0.05). The level of fibrinogen wаs higher by 13.5% (p <0.05) due to hypercholesterolemiа, аt the sаme time there wаs а decreаse in аntithrombin III by 8.7% (p <0.05) in pаtients with high cholesterol. Pаtients with comorbid HT аnd NАFLD on stаtin therаpy hаd а 16.5% (p <0.05) lower degree of spontаneous аggregаtion thаn pаtients who did not receive this treаtment. In the NАFLD group, pаtients receiving stаtins hаd а significаntly lower degree of АC-induced аggregаtion аgаinst pаtients without lipid-lowering therаpy (by 54.0%, p <0.001). However, the аnаlysis of the generаl populаtion of the exаmined reveаled а decreаse in the degree of collаgen-induced аggregаtion by 38.7% (p <0.05) in а subgroup of pаtients receiving treаtment. We observed а 23.4% (p <0.001) shortening of PTT in the NАFLD group аnd а 16.0% (p <0.05) shortening in the combined course of HT аnd NАFLD. In the аbsence of stаtin therаpy in the NАFLD group, there wаs а significаnt decreаse in INR - by 9.7% (p <0.05) - compаred with pаtients receiving lipid-lowering therаpy. А decreаse in TT by 12.2% (p <0.05) wаs observed in the subgroup receiving stаtins аmong pаtients with NАFLD. In the generаl cohort, the use of stаtins increаsed the аctivity of АT III by 10.7% (p <0.01), but in the NАFLD group this difference wаs more significаnt - by 14.3% (p <0.001) АT III wаs more аctive in pаtients who received lipid-lowering therаpy.Conclusion. The results of the аnаlysis proved thаt pаtients with hypercholesterolemiа hаve procoаgulаnt аnd prothrombogenic blood аctivity, but аgаinst the bаckground of stаtin treаtment there is а decreаse in plаtelet аggregаtion, blood coаgulаtion potentiаl аnd increаsed аctivity of аnticoаgulаnt hemostаsis.
Anemias and their relationship with nutrient status
Authors: Yermishev O. V. , Rudkevych A. K. , Hadzhyieva O. V.
Published: February 2021

Nutritional anemias are among the most common nutrient deficiencies in the world. Anemia syndrome was found in about 2 billion persons, and the annual mortality rate due to anemia nowadays reaches 1 million persons. The main cause for the development of anemia of alimentary origin is the imbalance of the diet by micronutrients, especially supply of iron as well as vitamins B12 and B9. The problem of the abundance of anemia is also characteristic ofUkraine and has its own regional features; this requires research, analysis and identification of the main causes of anemia associated with alimentary status. In order to assess the actual diet and differentiation of anemias by type we used a calculation method realizing a retrospective method of analysis of the frequency of food consumption and biochemical and hematological methods of blood tests. Analysis of the actual diet of the population revealed an imbalance and irrationality of nutrition which created preconditions for the formation of eating disorders associated with the development of anemia of alimentary origin. According to the results of the analysis of the actual diet 77.3 % of persons with iron deficiency anemia were found, folate deficiency anemia was found in 13.6 % of individuals, and cyanocobalamin deficiency anemia was found in 9.1 % of persons. According to the results of the research some sexual peculiarities of the microelement status for iron were revealed among the examined individuals, in particular, within the female group pre-latent iron deficiency was observed in 13.8 % of persons, and in the male one it was found in 41.7 % of ones; latent deficiency was found in 32.8 % of persons and in 22.9 % of persons, respectively, but iron deficiency anemia was revealed in 19.8 % persons and 2.1 % of persons, respectively. The number of individuals with anemia detected in the biochemical study of serum by iron content confirmed the results of the assessment of the actual diet; these numbers were equal to 32.9 % and 31.1 %, respectively.
Being a Resilient Leader During Turbulent Times
Authors: Williams Rita F.
Published: February 2021

In organizations, every member of the team possesses unique talents. It is up to the leader to identify, nurture and empower each individual to contribute. Leaders in the information age must empower and engage their teams. They can do this by using an appreciative approach. Appreciative Inquiry as a tool in their leadership prowess can help leaders and their teams in crisis be resilient, agile and produce meaningful results.
"Ei! Qual é a grande ideia?": ruminações sobre a questão da escala na História Intelectual
Authors: Jay Martin
Published: February 2021

Em resposta à recente exortação do historiador David Armitage para retornarmos a uma história de “grandes ideias” traçada por longos períodos de tempo, este artigo examina as razões para a resistência a suas propostas, conforme expressa por estudiosos da História Intelectual textualistas e contextualistas. Discutindo a “História Conceitual” e a “Metaforologia” como alternativas à História das Ideias tradicional, defendem-se as virtudes de um método que reconhece e até acolhe a ambiguidade semântica e o campo de força dinâmico das relações em que as ideias estão historicamente inseridas. Em vez de se contentar com a suavização das diferenças inerentes às técnicas de "leitura à distância", baseadas na recuperação digital de tendências de longa duração, pleiteia-se a atenção às rupturas de sentido e às inovações imprevistas que impedem que a História das Ideias seja um exercício de meta-narrativa de progressão, desenvolvimento e disseminação de significados unívocos.
Nurse burnout: comparing public and private hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Sudrajat Diwa Agus , Indrianti Tri Oktavia , Supriatin Eva , Hayati Suci Noor , Lindayani Linlin
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims

Nurse burnout is a major issue among nursing staff and can affect the quality of nursing care. Little is known about burnout among nurses working in intensive care units in developing countries, such as Indonesia. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the prevalence of nurse burnout in private and public hospitals in Bandung, Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional approach was used in the intensive care units of one private and one public hospital in Bandung, Indonesia, from June to July 2019. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout levels among nurses. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was used to interpret the results.

Results

A total of 52 public hospital nurses and 66 private hospital nurses were included in this study. Burnout levels varied significantly between these groups, with private hospital nurses experiencing higher levels of emotional exhaustion (32.43±12.67 vs 29.35±9.78) and depersonalisation (10.23±6.58 vs 7.89±3.67) than public hospital nurses.

Conclusions

Over one third of both private and public hospital nurses experienced high levels of burnout syndrome, with nurses in the private sector being particularly affected. It is crucial for both public and private hospitals in Indonesia to adapt their working environments to protect the wellbeing of staff and the safety of patients by reducing the risk of nurse burnout.
The financial and human costs of obstetric clinical negligence claims in the NHS
Authors: Chaffer Denise
Published: February 2021

NHS Resolution's Director of Safety and Learning Denise Chaffer discusses the strategies used to address the incidence of clinical negligence claims in obstetrics and the high costs that such incidents can have for the NHS.
Putting improvement in everyone's hands: opening up healthcare improvement by simplifying, supporting and refocusing on core purpose
Authors: Kostal Gwen , Shah Amar
Published: February 2021

Quality improvement is increasingly being used within healthcare as an operating model to empower and enable teams of staff and service users at the point of care to find solutions to complex quality and safety issues. Adopting quality improvement methods in healthcare poses several challenges, and many healthcare providers have faced barriers in embedding a culture that nurtures and supports a systematic approach to problem-solving at the point of care. This article proposes a simple framework with three components to help healthcare systems avoid the common barriers to introducing quality improvement interventions. First, simplify the language and accentuate the similarities between methods. Second, support those applying quality improvement with skilled, accessible improvement expertise and applying evidence-based adult education theories. Third, design quality improvement interventions so that they strengthen a shared purpose by allowing teams to decide what to prioritise and involving patients and family members as equal partners in quality improvement work.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: February 2021

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
Assessing local people’s satisfaction on resettlement arrangements of A Luoi Hydropower project, Thua Thien Hue Province
Authors: NGUYEN Thi Hai , LE Ngoc Phuong Quy , TRAN Le Phuong Anh , HOAI Thi Hong Nghiep , TRAN Thi Phuong
Published: February 2021

This study aims to estimate the level of satisfaction about resettlement arrangements for local people who have been affected by A Luoi hydroelectric construction project in the Thua Thien Hue province. This research used the Likert scale method to assess the satisfaction level of 98 households living in two of the resettlement sites. Results illustrate that there is variations in the level of satisfaction of local people in the two resettlement sites, Hong Thuong and Hong Ha. In the resettlement area (RA) of the Hong Thuong Commune, people are dissatisfied with the location arrangement. There is a lack of quality in the houses built, been damaged, cracked and degraded, since the construction design is not appropriate for the customs and practices of local people, with a satisfaction rating of 1.07. Meanwhile, at the resettlement site of the Hong Ha commune, people felt satisfied with the arrangement site of the RA and allocated residential land area with the satisfaction rating of 4.19. Our results will help the government, as well as the project owners, to understand the points of dissatisfaction of local people in order to have accordant solutions, ensuring the stable life for local people in those settlement areas.

Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích đánh giá được mức độ hài lòng của người dân về việc bố trí tái định cư (TĐC) cho người dân bị ảnh hưởng bởi dự án xây dựng thuỷ điện A Lưới, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng phương pháp thang đo Likert để đánh giá mức độ hài lòng của 98 hộ dân sống tại hai khu tái định cư Hồng Thượng và Hồng Hạ. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã cho thấy có sự khác nhau về mức độ hài lòng của người dân tại hai khu TĐC. Tại khu TĐC Hồng Thượng người dân thấy không hài lòng về địa điểm bố trí TĐC, nhà ở được xây dựng thiếu chất lượng đã bị hư hỏng, nứt nẻ xuống cấp, thiết kế xây dựng không phù hợp với phong tục, tập quán của người dân địa phương, với chỉ số đánh giá hài lòng là 1,07. Trong khi đó, tại khu TĐC xã Hồng Hạ người dân lại thấy hài lòng về điểm bố trí TĐC và diện tích đất ở được cấp, với chỉ số đánh giá hài lòng là 4,19. Kết quả nghiên cứu của đề tài sẽ giúp cho chính quyền cũng như chủ đầu tư dự án nắm rõ những điểm không hài lòng của người dân để có hướng giải quyết phù hợp nhằm đảm bảo cuộc sống ổn định cho người dân tại nơi tái định cư.
Establishment of the criteria of the green city for developing cities
Authors: TRAN Duy Hung , LE Hoang Tien , CHAU Ngoc Han
Published: February 2021

Building a livable city is the top objective of local governments. "Green City" is concerned, researched, and constructed effectively in some cities around the world. The paper is to identify a green city's benefits to humans and the environment. Moreover, this study also establishes criteria of the green city according to international standards in emerging cities, especially in 5 criteria such as green space and land use, atmosphere, water resource, and energy supply. Finally, the criteria of the green city established are used for scoring and assessing Vung Tau city. Currently, Vung Tau city has 60.9 scores below a green city's standards with 65 scores; however, it can be changed by proposals in development policies to get 71.3 scores.

Việc xây dựng một thành phố đáng sống là một mục tiêu hàng đầu của các chính phủ địa phương. Thành phố xanh “Green City” đang được quan tâm, nghiên cứu, và xây dựng một cách hiệu quả tại nhiều thành phố trên thế giới. Bài báo này sẽ làm rõ ràng những chức năng mà một thành phố xanh mang lại. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu này cũng xây dựng những tiêu chí của thành phố xanh đạt tiêu chuẩn quốc tế tại các thành phố đang phát triển, đặc biệt là 5 tiêu chí không gian xanh và sử dụng đất; giao thông; không khí; nguồn nước; nguồn năng lượng. Hơn nữa, việc ứng dụng các tiêu chí thành phố xanh cho việc chấm điểm và đánh giá Thành phố Vũng Tàu. Hiện nay, thành phố Vũng Tàu được chấm 60.9 điểm, mức điểm này ở dưới tiêu chuẩn của một thành phố xanh là 65 điểm, tuy nhiên trong tương lai gần với những chính sách phát triển phù hợp thì số điểm này có thể tăng lên đến 69.3 điểm.
Studying the impact factors of climate change on agricultural land use in Phong Dien district, Thua Thien Hue province
Authors: NGUYEN Van Binh , HO Nhat Linh
Published: February 2021

Many factors influence agricultural land, in particular, climate change show the most significant and serious effect on agricultural land in Phong Dien district. This study applied Binary Logistic analysis, using the SPSS software, on data collected through state agencies, fieldwork and interviews. The study has identified the impact of climate change on agricultural land by several factors; the most significant influence is derived from temperature and other extreme weather factors. In addition, the elements of rainfall, wind, and cold air also have a substantial impact on agricultural land causing serious consequences such as damage, loss of construction quality, overload of water supply and drainage systems, landslides, damage to infrastructure systems, etc. Some adaptive solutions to counteract the effects of climate change on agricultural land include changing crop structure, upgrading facilities, raising awareness of officials, and people about climate change.

Công tác sử dụng đất nông nghiệp chịu ảnh hưởng từ rất nhiều yếu tố. Trong đó, yếu tố tác động của biến đổi khí hậu gây ảnh hưởng lớn và nghiêm trọng nhất đối với việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp nói chung và trên địa bàn huyện Phong Điền nói riêng. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng phân tích Binary Logistic trên phần mềm SPSS từ các số liệu thu thập được qua các cơ quan nhà nước, thực địa, phỏng vấn. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đã xác định được tác động của biến đổi khí hậu đến sử dụng đất nông nghiệp thông qua các yếu tố: Gây ảnh hưởng lớn nhất là yếu tố nhiệt độ và yếu tố cực đoan khác; ngoài ra, các yếu tố lượng mưa, chế độ gió và không khí lạnh cũng tác động không nhở vào việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp. Các yếu tố này gây ra các hậu quả nghiêm trọng như làm hư hại, giảm chất lượng công trình, làm quá tải hệ thống cấp thoát nước, làm sạt lở, hư hại hệ thống cơ sở hạ tầng... Nghiên cứu đã đề xuất được một số giải pháp thích ứng của biến đổi khí hậu đến việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp như thay đổi cơ cấu cây trồng, nâng cấp cơ sở vật chất, nâng cao nhận thức của cán bộ và người dân về biến đổi khí hậu.