bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Landscape Change and Its Driving Mechanism in Chagan Lake National Nature Reserve
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Jiang Zelin , Qu Yunke , Cao Yidan , Sun Feihu , Dai Yindong
Published: May 2022

Lake ecosystems play an important role in regional ecological security and the sustainable development of the economy and society. In order to study the evolution of landscape patterns and the main driving forces in the Chagan Lake Nature Reserve in recent years, we used landscape type data from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 to study the characteristics of the regional landscape’s structural changes. At the same time, the spatial heterogeneity of the driving factors of landscape change was analyzed using the spatial analysis method, and the driving mechanism of landscape change was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) from 2005 to 2019, the area of cultivated land, marshland, and water bodies increased, while the area of grassland and the area of bare land decreased. (2) The dominant patch types in the study area formed good connectivity, and the degree of landscape fragmentation increased. (3) In the past 15 years, there has been spatial heterogeneity in the regression coefficients of different driving factors of landscape change: the area with a greater influence of the elevation factor was in the south; the regression coefficient of precipitation showed the spatial distribution characteristics of highs in the west and lows in the east; the gross domestic product had a greater impact on the east and the south; the spatial variation of grain yield was mainly reflected in the southeast and northwest regions; the fishery yield gradually changed from high in the southeast and low in the northwest to the distribution characteristic of decreasing from the east to the southwest; the lake fluorine content showed a distribution pattern that gradually changed from high in the southeast and low in the northwest to high in the middle and low in the north and south; the distribution pattern of the distance to oil production changed from north to southeast to south to north; the distance to the road changed from high in the east and low in the west to the opposite spatial distribution pattern. (4) The interaction of precipitation and lake fluoride content with other factors showed a strong driving effect, which had a significant impact on the landscape change of Chagan Lake Nature Reserve. Since the study area is located in a typical fluorine-rich geochemical environment, human activities, such as the expansion of irrigation areas around Chagan Lake and groundwater exploitation, have accelerated the dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals, promoted the enrichment process of fluorine in Chagan Lake, and enhanced the explanatory power of lake fluorine content in terms of landscape changes. At the same time, the increase in precipitation during the study period is beneficial to the growth of vegetation and the storage of water in lakes, which promotes changes in landscape types such as grasslands and areas of water.
The Implications of Socially Responsible Retailing Platform on Channel Structure Choice and Product Quality Decisions
Authors: Xu Fangchao , Lu Xin , Zhao Xiukun
Published: May 2022

At present, corporate social responsibility has been widely mentioned by the international society, especially platform enterprises. For a platform that assumes social responsibilities, consumer surplus is a rather critical aspect, and product quality is one of the most important factors directly related to consumers. This paper studies a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailing platform, in which the retailing platform procures products from the manufacturer. The manufacturer produces the products and decides the product quality. We consider two channel structures of the manufacturer and the retailing platform in the reseller mode and marketplace mode. Based on the model analysis and discussions, we obtain some managerial insights that are helpful in commercial practice. For the retailing platform, it has to suffer a loss in economic profit to care more about consumer surplus and become a social responsibility platform. In addition, its social responsibility plays different roles in different channel structures. In the marketplace mode, a social responsibility retailing platform helps to improve product quality. In the reseller mode, the retailing platform’s social responsibility does not make a change in product quality. Furthermore, the product quality in the reseller mode is always higher than that in the marketplace mode. From the perspective of economic profits, the manufacturer obtains higher profits in the reseller mode than the marketplace mode. The retailing platform obtains higher profits in the marketplace mode than the reseller mode.
The Necessity of a Global Binding Framework for Sustainable Management of Chemicals and Materials—Interactions with Climate and Biodiversity
Authors: Steinhäuser Klaus Günter , Von Gleich Arnim , Große Ophoff Markus , Körner Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

Sustainable chemicals and materials management deals with both the risks and the opportunities of chemicals and products. It is not only focused on hazards and risks of chemicals for human health and the environment but also includes the management of material flows from extraction of raw materials up to waste. It becomes apparent meanwhile that the ever-growing material streams endanger the Earth system. According to a recent publication of Persson et al., the planetary boundaries for chemicals and plastics have already been exceeded. Therefore, sustainable chemicals and materials management must become a third pillar of international sustainability policy. For climate change and biodiversity, binding international agreements already exist. Accordingly, a global chemicals and materials framework convention integrating the current fragmented and non-binding approaches is needed. The impacts of chemicals and materials are closely related to climate change. About one third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are linked to the production of chemicals, materials and products and the growing global transport of goods. Most of it is assigned to the energy demand of production and transport. GHG emissions must be reduced by an expansion of the circular economy, i.e., the use of secondary instead of primary raw materials. The chemical industry is obliged to change its feedstock since chemicals based on mineral oil and natural gas are not sustainable. Climate change in turn has consequences for the fate and effects of substances in the environment. Rising temperature implies higher vapor pressure and may enhance the release of toxicants into the atmosphere. Organisms that are already stressed may react more sensitively when exposed to toxic chemicals. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events may re-mobilize contaminants in river sediments. Increasing chemical and material load also threatens biodiversity, e.g., by the release of toxic chemicals into air, water and soil up to high amounts of waste. Fertilizers and pesticides are damaging the biocoenoses in agrarian landscapes. In order to overcome these fatal developments, sustainable management of chemicals and materials is urgently needed. This includes safe and sustainable chemicals, sustainable chemical production and sustainable materials flow management. All these three sustainability strategies are crucial and complement each other: efficiency, consistency and sufficiency. This obligates drastic changes not only of the quantities of material streams but also of the qualities of chemicals and materials in use. A significant reduction in production volumes is necessary, aiming not only to return to a safe operating space with respect to the planetary boundary for chemicals, plastics and waste but also in order to achieve goals regarding climate and biodiversity.
Chaotic Time Series Forecasting Approaches Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Review
Authors: Ramadevi Bhukya , Bingi Kishore
Published: May 2022

Traditional statistical, physical, and correlation models for chaotic time series prediction have problems, such as low forecasting accuracy, computational time, and difficulty determining the neural network’s topologies. Over a decade, various researchers have been working with these issues; however, it remains a challenge. Therefore, this review paper presents a comprehensive review of significant research conducted on various approaches for chaotic time series forecasting, using machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural network (CNN), wavelet neural network (WNN), fuzzy neural network (FNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) in the nonlinear systems aforementioned above. The paper also aims to provide issues of individual forecasting approaches for better understanding and up-to-date knowledge for chaotic time series forecasting. The comprehensive review table summarizes the works closely associated with the mentioned issues. It includes published year, research country, forecasting approach, application, forecasting parameters, performance measures, and collected data area in this sector. Future improvements and current studies in this field are broadly examined. In addition, possible future scopes and limitations are closely discussed.
High Doses of Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Post-Stroke Spasticity: Rationale for a Real Benefit for the Patients
Authors: Santamato Andrea
Published: May 2022

In the past few years, there was a great interest in the use of higher doses of botulinum toxin type A, especially in case of upper and lower limb severe spasticity. To date, only one prospective, non-randomized, single-arm, multicenter, open-label, dose-titration study with the employment of incobotulinum toxin up to 800 U has been published, and the authors investigated safety and tolerability. Other researches showed efficacy in spasticity reduction, but there is a lack of evidence about the reasons to use high doses of botulinum toxin. This short communication highlights the benefits of higher doses for subjects with upper and lower limb spasticity.
Oscillating Magnetized Color Superconducting Quark Stars
Authors: Celi Marcos Osvaldo , Mariani Mauro , Orsaria Milva Gabriela , Tonetto Lucas
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this work is to study the structure, composition, and oscillation modes of color superconducting quark stars with intense magnetic fields. We adopted the MIT bag model within the color superconductivity CFL framework, and we included the effects of strong magnetic fields to construct the equation of state of stable quark matter. We calculated observable quantities, such as the mass, radius, frequency, and damping time of the oscillation fundamental f mode of quark stars, taking into account current astrophysical constraints. The results obtained show that color superconducting magnetized quark stars satisfy the constraints imposed by the observations of massive pulsars and gravitational wave events. Furthermore, the quantities associated with the oscillation f mode of these objects fit the universal relationships for compact objects. In the context of the new multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy era and the future asteroseismology of neutron stars, we hope that our results contribute to the understanding of the behavior of dense matter and compact objects.
Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rizzo Giacomo Emanuele Maria , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Craxì Antonio
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is DNA-based virus, member of the Hepadnaviridae family, which can cause liver disease and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in infected individuals, replicating within the hepatocytes and interacting with several cellular proteins. Chronic hepatitis B can progressively lead to liver cirrhosis, which is an independent risk factor for HCC. Complications as liver decompensation or HCC impact the survival of HBV patients and concurrent HDV infection worsens the disease. The available data provide evidence that HBV infection is associated with the risk of developing HCC with or without an underlying liver cirrhosis, due to various direct and indirect mechanisms promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular profile of HBV-HCC is extensively and continuously under study, and it is the result of altered molecular pathways, which modify the microenvironment and lead to DNA damage. HBV produces the protein HBx, which has a central role in the oncogenetic process. Furthermore, the molecular profile of HBV-HCC was recently discerned from that of HDV-HCC, despite the obligatory dependence of HDV on HBV. Proper management of the underlying HBV-related liver disease is fundamental, including HCC surveillance, viral suppression, and application of adequate predictive models. When HBV-HCC occurs, liver function and HCC characteristics guide the physician among treatment strategies but always considering the viral etiology in the treatment choice.
An Overview of Neglected Orthobunyaviruses in Brazil
Authors: Dias Helver Gonçalves , dos Santos Flávia Barreto , Pauvolid-Corrêa Alex
Published: May 2022

Dozens of orthobunyaviruses have been isolated in Brazil, and at least thirteen have been associated with human disease. The Oropouche virus has received most attention for having caused explosive epidemics with hundreds of thousands of cases in the north region between the 1960sand the 1980s, and since then has been sporadically detected elsewhere in the country. Despite their importance, little is known about their enzootic cycles of transmission, amplifying hosts and vectors, and biotic and abiotic factors involved in spillover events to humans. This overview aims to combine available data of neglected orthobunyaviruses of several serogroups, namely, Anopheles A, Anopheles B, Bunyamwera, California, Capim, Gamboa, Group C, Guama, Simbu and Turlock, in order to evaluate the current knowledge and identify research gaps in their natural transmission cycles in Brazil to ultimately point to the future direction in which orthobunyavirus research should be guided.
Transiently Transfected Mammalian Cell Cultures: An Adaptable and Effective Platform for Virus-like Particle-Based Vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Authors: Puckette Michael , Primavera Victoria , Martel Erica , Barrera Jose , Hurtle William , Clark Benjamin , Kamicker Barbara , Zurita Mariceny , Brake David , Neilan John
Published: May 2022

RNA viruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), have error-prone replication resulting in the continuous emergence of new viral strains capable of evading current vaccine coverage. Vaccine formulations must be regularly updated, which is both costly and technically challenging for many vaccine platforms. In this report, we describe a plasmid-based virus-like particle (VLP) production platform utilizing transiently transfected mammalian cell cultures that combines both the rapid response adaptability of nucleic-acid-based vaccines with the ability to produce intact capsid epitopes required for immunity. Formulated vaccines which employed this platform conferred complete protection from clinical foot-and-mouth disease in both swine and cattle. This novel platform can be quickly adapted to new viral strains and serotypes through targeted exchanges of only the FMDV capsid polypeptide nucleic acid sequences, from which processed structural capsid proteins are derived. This platform obviates the need for high biocontainment manufacturing facilities to produce inactivated whole-virus vaccines from infected mammalian cell cultures, which requires upstream expansion and downstream concentration of large quantities of live virulent viruses.
Gga-miR-30c-5p Enhances Apoptosis in Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4-Infected Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells and Facilitates Viral Replication through Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1
Authors: Haiyilati Areayi , Zhou Linyi , Li Jiaxin , Li Wei , Gao Li , Cao Hong , Wang Yongqiang , Li Xiaoqi , Zheng Shijun J.
Published: May 2022

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the primary causative agent responsible for the hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in chickens, leading to considerable economic losses to stakeholders. Although the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 infection has gained attention, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Here, we showed that the ectopic expression of gga-miR-30c-5p in leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells enhanced apoptosis in FAdV-4-infected LMH cells by directly targeting the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), facilitating viral replication. On the contrary, the inhibition of endogenous gga-miR-30c-5p markedly suppressed apoptosis and viral replication in LMH cells. Importantly, the overexpression of Mcl-1 inhibited gga-miR-30c-5p or FAdV-4-induced apoptosis in LMH cells, reducing FAdV-4 replication, while the knockdown of Mcl-1 by RNAi enhanced apoptosis in LMH cells. Furthermore, transfection of LMH cells with gga-miR-30c-5p mimics enhanced FAdV-4-induced apoptosis associated with increased cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Thus, gga-miR-30c-5p enhances FAdV-4-induced apoptosis by directly targeting Mcl-1, a cellular anti-apoptotic protein, facilitating FAdV-4 replication in host cells. These findings could help to unravel the mechanism of how a host responds against FAdV-4 infection at an RNA level.
Innate Immune Response to Dengue Virus: Toll-like Receptors and Antiviral Response
Authors: Fernandes-Santos Caroline , Azeredo Elzinandes Leal de
Published: May 2022

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV1-4). The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and/or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Viral and host factors are related to the clinical outcome of dengue, although the disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The innate antiviral response to DENV is implemented by a variety of immune cells and inflammatory mediators. Blood monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and tissue macrophages are the main target cells of DENV infection. These cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Pathogen recognition is a critical step in eliciting the innate immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for the innate recognition of pathogens and represent an essential component of the innate and adaptive immune response. Ten different TLRs are described in humans, which are expressed in many different immune cells. The engagement of TLRs with viral PAMPs triggers downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, interferons (IFNs) and other molecules essential for the prevention of viral replication. Here, we summarize the crucial TLRs’ roles in the antiviral innate immune response to DENV and their association with viral pathogenesis.
COVID-19 Vaccination in Health Care Workers in Italy: A Literature Review and a Report from a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Ciniselli Chiara Maura , Lecchi Mara , Figini Mariangela , Melani Cecilia C. , Daidone Maria Grazia , Morelli Daniele , Zito Emanuela , Apolone Giovanni , Verderio Paolo
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic still represents a global public health emergency, despite the availability of different types of vaccines that reduced the number of severe cases, the hospitalization rate and mortality. The Italian Vaccine Distribution Plan identified healthcare workers (HCWs) as the top-priority category to receive access to a vaccine and different studies on HCWs have been implemented to clarify the duration and kinetics of antibody response. The aim of this paper is to perform a literature review across a total of 44 studies of the serologic response to COVID-19 vaccines in HCWs in Italy and to report the results obtained in a prospective longitudinal study implemented at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT) of Milan on 1565 HCWs. At INT we found that 99.81% of the HCWs developed an antibody response one month after the second dose. About six months after the first serology evaluation, 100% of the HCWs were still positive to the antibody, although we observed a significant decrease in its levels. Overall, our literature review results highlight a robust antibody response in most of the HCWs after the second vaccination dose. These figures are also confirmed in our institutional setting seven months after the completion of the cycle of second doses of vaccination.
Percentages of Vaccination Coverage Required to Establish Herd Immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Plans-Rubió Pedro
Published: May 2022

The pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide public health challenge. The WHO has proposed to achieve 70% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries by mid-2022. Nevertheless, the prevention strategy based on COVID-19 vaccination and other applied prevention measures has not been sufficient to prevent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves. This study assessed the vaccination coverage that would be required to establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, taking into account virus transmissibility (Ro values from 1.1 to 10) and COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness. The study found that high percentages of vaccination coverage and high levels of vaccination effectiveness are necessary to block the transmission of Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants with greater infectious capacity. COVID-19 vaccination programs could establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, with Ro values ranging from 3 to 10 and levels of COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness of 70–100%. Factors reducing COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness (emergent variants, infections among vaccinated individuals, high risk individuals) and factors increasing SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility (close settings) increased the percentages of vaccination coverage that would be required to establish herd immunity. Two measures should be implemented to establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: (1) achieve ≥ 90% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries worldwide, and (2) increase the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing Omicron infection to at least 88%.
Advances and Challenges in the Water Footprint Assessment Research Field: Towards a More Integrated Understanding of the Water–Energy–Food–Land Nexus in a Changing Climate
Authors: Aldaya Maite M. , Sesma-Martín Diego , Schyns Joep F.
Published: May 2022

Today, human activities are highly dependent on fossil fuels and industrialized forms of agriculture and have reached a level that could damage the Earth’s systems [...]
Regional Evapotranspiration Estimation by the Improved MOD16-sm Model and Its Application in Central China
Authors: Liu Suhua , Han Yuping , Su Hongbo
Published: May 2022

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the hydrological cycle, but traditional monitoring approaches are always based on measurements, which cannot satisfy the requirements of research on a regional scale. Hence, ET estimation by remote sensing is essential. MOD16 is a remote-sensing model based on the P-M equation and has good applicability. However, it describes soil moisture indirectly by RH, etc., which may cause uncertainties in ET estimating, so this study attempts to utilize the NDWI as a supplement to soil moisture information and makes improvements on the MOD16 model (with the resultant new model being named MOD16-sm). Specific work includes two aspects: one is model verification through making comparisons between ET estimates and measurements, and the other is a model application effect test analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of ET and exploring how ET responds to climate and land-use changes. Model verification indicated that the accuracy of the improved MOD16-sm model increased, with a higher R2 of 0.71, a lower RMSE 0.9 mm, and a lower MAE 0.91 mm, and that the improved MOD16-sm model was convincing. The application effect test of the MOD16-sm model showed that the average relative change rate of annual ET was 1.7%, showing an upward trend, and areas with growth trends of ET also had high vegetation coverage. As for the impacts of climate and land-use changes on ET, ET was positively correlated with precipitation, whereas it had no relevant correlation with air temperature in most areas, and the ET of all land-use types displayed significant increasing trends resulting from climate change. The application effect test demonstrated that ET estimates by the improved MOD16-sm model were reasonable.
Evaluation of the Groundwater and Irrigation Quality in the Zhuoshui River Alluvial Fan between Wet and Dry Seasons
Authors: Chang Tawei , Wang Kuoliang , Wang Shengwei , Hsu Chinghsuan , Hsu Chialian
Published: May 2022

The Zhuoshui River alluvial fan is one of the most important groundwater and agricultural areas in Taiwan. Abundant groundwater resources are the main source of domestic water supply and irrigation water. However, groundwater recharge and groundwater quality have been greatly affected under extreme climate and hydrological conditions. Hence, the quality of groundwater has been a topic of concern to the public. In this study, groundwater level and groundwater quality data of the Zhuoshui River alluvial fan from 2008 to 2020 were used to divide the wet and dry season groups according to the sampling dates. An independent samples t-test was used to evaluate the differences in the mean groundwater level and the mean concentration between the wet and dry seasons. The test results show that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean groundwater level between the wet and dry seasons. This may result from the time lag effects of groundwater recharge. Except for groundwater temperature, bicarbonate, and total organic carbon (TOC), there were no significant differences among the mean concentrations of other groundwater quality parameters in Aquifer 1 and Aquifer 2 between the wet and dry seasons. In terms of the alluvial fan location, although the soil texture, land utilization, cropping systems, and hydrogeology of the proximal, mid-, and distal fan may affect groundwater quality variations, it seems that only Aquifer 1 is affected by surface water infiltration, resulting in significant differences in mean groundwater temperature, mean concentrations of major ions, and nitrate between the wet and dry seasons, whereas Aquifer 2 is less affected. At the same time, owing to the geological conditions and intensive cultivation in the Zhuoshui River alluvial fan, nitrate and arsenic could represent a high risk to the public’s health if groundwater is used as a source for domestic water supply or irrigation water in the distal fan area, whether in the wet season or dry season. Meanwhile, due to global climate change and uneven droughts and floods, the hydrological conditions of the so-called “wet season” and “dry season” are obviously different from those in the past. Compared with precipitation, groundwater level may be a better indicator for understanding variations in groundwater quality.
Comparison of the Performance of IMERG Products and Interpolation-Based Precipitation Estimates in the Middle Reaches of Yellow River Basin
Authors: Shi Jiayong , Bao Zhenxin , Zhang Jianyun , Liu Cuishan , Jin Junliang , Liu Yanli , Wang Guoqing
Published: May 2022

Accurate spatial precipitation data are of prime importance for hydrological simulations and flood forecasts. Interpolation methods and satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) are often applied to obtain spatially distributed precipitation over basins. The objective of this study is to investigate whether satellite precipitation data can yield better estimates than the precipitation information (gauge observations) already available in the basin. In this study, we assessed the performance of three Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) products against two calculated interpolation data and the ground precipitation observations at a daily scale in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (MRYRB). This research includes two interpolation methods, namely, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK), and three latest IMERG SPPs, namely, IMERG “Early”, “Late”, and “Final” run SPPs (IMERG-E, IMERG-L, and IMERG-F). The results show that the two interpolation methods (IDW and OK) obtain the best overall performance, followed by IMERG-F, whereas IMERG-E and IMERG-L have inferior performance. Compared with the two interpolation methods, IMERG-F obtains higher CC values and lower FAR scores during the rainy season and presents better correlation with the gauge-based precipitation at the basin boundary. Furthermore, IMERG-F possesses a better capability over IDW and OK in detecting heavy precipitation events (over 20 mm). Nevertheless, the three IMERG SPPs generally provide similarly poor performance in terms of detection metrics and failed to accurately detect winter precipitation. The findings of this study are expected to provide SPP researchers and users with useful feedback on the net utility of satellite products and remind researchers of the importance of interpolated precipitation data in the assessment of satellite precipitation.
Hazard Characterization of the Annual Maximum Daily Precipitation in the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula (1851–2021)
Authors: Morales Julia , García-Barrón Leoncio , Aguilar-Alba Mónica , Sousa Arturo
Published: May 2022

High-intensity rainfall can raise fluvial channel levels, increasing the risk of flooding. Maximum precipitation depths are used to estimate return periods and, thus, calculate the risk of this type of event. To improve these estimates in Southwest Europe, we studied the behavior of extreme rainfall using the historical records of San Fernando (Cádiz, southwest Spain), obtaining the maximum daily annual rainfall (period 1851–2021). Local risk levels for intense precipitation were established based on the mean values and standard deviation of daily precipitation. In this series, 38% of the years had some type of risk (>53.7 mm), of which 13% of these years had high risk (>73.2 mm) or disaster risk (>92.7 mm). In these risk thresholds, the maximum daily precipitation is mostly concentrated in the autumn months. The SQRT-ETMax model used fits well with the instrumental historical records for return periods of up to 25 years, although it may present appreciable deviations for longer return periods. Using a 170-year secular series, a more precise understanding of extreme periods and precipitation variability was obtained.
Hypersaline Wastewater Produced from Pickled Mustard Tuber (Chinese Zhacai): Current Treatment Status and Prospects
Authors: Xu Linji , Pang Yunsong , Liu Wenzong , Chen Hongna , Huang Shunjun , Zhu Lei
Published: May 2022

Pickled mustard tuber, a worldwide condiment, is increasing at a fast growth rate. Its production generates a considerable amount of hypersaline wastewater containing NaCl of 7 wt.%, COD of 30,000 mg L−1, NH3-N of 400 mg L−1, and TP of 300 mg L−1. Pickled mustard tuber wastewater (PMTW) has severe effects on crops, deterioration of water quality, soil infertility and ecological systems. Due to the technic difficulties and insufficient support from the local governments; however, PMTW has not yet been widely investigated and well summarized. Therefore, this manuscript reviewed the relatively latest advances in PMTW. Physicochemical and biological hybrid processes mainly treat PMTW and the corresponding cost is 6.00 US dollars per ton. In the context of double carbon capture capacity in China and the development of the pickled mustard industry, PMTW sauce and sustainable reuse such as nutrient recovery, acid and alkaline regeneration and renewable energy may be bright prospects.
Ecological Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Punica granatum L. Peel Extract for the Retention of Methyl Green
Authors: ben Mosbah Mongi , Alsukaibi Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi , Mechi Lassaad , Alimi Fathi , Moussaoui Younes
Published: May 2022

The aqueous extract from the bark of Punica granatum L. was invested to generate CuO nanoparticles from CuSO4 using a green, economical, ecological, and clean method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and were successfully used as adsorbents for methyl green retention of an absorptive capacity amounting to 28.7 mg g−1. Methyl green equilibrium adsorption data were correlated to the Langmuir model following the pseudo-second order kinetics model. This study clearly corroborates that copper nanoparticles exhibit a high potential for use in wastewater treatment.
Produção e análise de quitosana advinda de resíduos de casca de camarão regional (Macrobrachium Amazonicum) da cidade de Macapá-AP, Brasil / Production and analysis of chitosan from regional shrimp shell residues (Macrobrachium Amazonicum) from the city of Macapá-AP, Brazil
Authors: Pena Igor Colares , Ferreira Leliane da Costa , Da Costa Wendel Favacho , Dos Santos Pedro Paulo Conceição , Dos Santos Winter Moraes , Freitas Safira Hagnes Ferreira , Lamarão Renata Rodrigues , Dos Santos Guilherme Sousa , De Souza Rodrigo Galvão Teixeira , Batista Sérgio Orlando de Souza
Published: May 2022

Apesar das grandes vantagens econômicas que o camarão da Amazônia pode trazer para sua região, ainda há dúvidas em relação ao que fazer sobre os resíduos de cascas descartadas, que de todo modo, podem ser consideradas lixos orgânicos. A quitina e quitosana são biopolímeros naturais e podem ser obtidos de diversas formas, uma delas é através dos exoesqueletos de crustáceos. Ambos possuem amplas aplicabilidades e propriedades vantajosas como, biodegradação, não toxidade e boa compatibilidade, sendo assim, tendo grande aplicação em industrias e fármacos. O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo a obtenção de quitosana advinda do aproveitamento de cascas de camarão regional da cidade da Macapá-AP. Para obtenção de quitosana, algumas etapas metodológicas foram seguidas: Limpeza e trituração, Desmineralização, Desproteinização, Despigmentação (obtenção de Quitina) e Desacetilação (obtenção da Quitosana). Através da Titulação Condutimétrica foram calculados o Grau de Desacetilação (GD) que correspondente a fração dos grupos amino da quitosana e o Grau de Acetilação (GA) que se refere aos grupos acetamida característicos da quitina, o qual respectivamente, obteve-se os valores de 82,11% e 17,82%. Pode-se considerar quitosana amostras com valores de GD acima de 50%, vale ressaltar que os valores também se assemelham com a literatura, comprovando a veracidade do material obtido.
Prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies in highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates
Authors: Farnood Farahnooh , Mardomi Alireza , Zununi Vahed Sepide , Ardalan Mohammadreza
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is the standard gold therapy for the treatment of the majority of end-stage renal diseases (ESRDs). Despite the general success rate of allogeneic transplantation due to immunosuppressive therapy, it is difficult to find an appropriate donor for some sensitized patients. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and titers of anti-HLA-class I and anti-HLA-class II antibodies in sensitized patients in a kidney transplantation center. The history of the risk factors of sensitization was studied. Patients and Methods: Twenty highly sensitized ESRD patients with a calculated panel-reactive antibody (CPRA) ≥50% were selected, and anti-HLA-I and anti-HLA-II antibodies were assessed in their sera using a single antigen bead (SAB) Luminex assay. Results: The previous history of kidney transplantation was the most critical sensitization risk factor. The results indicated that HLA A*24:02 and DQA1*02:01/DQB1*06:02 were the most frequent antibodies in class I and class II, respectively. Moreover, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) levels of anti-HLA class II antibodies were significantly higher than the MFI levels of anti-HLA class I antibodies. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, matching HLA alleles, particularly class II molecules, can reduce sensitization in the first kidney transplant. A better understanding of the sensitization status of transplant candidates could be gained by examining CPRA values.
EFECTOS DEL TLCAN SOBRE LAS EXPORTACIONES DE TOMATE DE MÉXICO A LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: García-Salazar José Alberto , Williams Gary W. , Javier Malaga Jaime Enrique
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo se midieron los efectos de la eliminación de aranceles acordada en el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) sobre el crecimiento que experimentaron las exportaciones de tomate rojo (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) en fresco de México a los EE. UU. durante el periodo 1994-2001, así como determinar los efectos de la libración comercial total entre los dos países. Para tales propósitos se valida un modelo de equilibrio espacial e intertemporal que considera el año promedio 1999-2001, que contempla la producción, el consumo y el comercio de tomate entre los tres países miembros del TLCAN. Los resultados indican que la eliminación de aranceles después de 1994 sólo incrementó en 4.7 miles de toneladas métricas las exportaciones mexicanas a los mercados norteamericanos, por lo que el dinamismo que ha caracterizado al comercio México-EE. UU. deberá atribuirse a factores ajenos al TLCAN. Sin aranceles, las exportaciones de México a los EE. UU., se incrementarían en poco más de 18 mil toneladas, aumento que es moderado. Por ello el crecimiento futuro de las exportaciones mexicanas deberá basarse en factores ajenos a barreras arancelarias.
EFECTO DEL ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO (AIB) Y TIPO DE ESTACA EN EL ENRAIZADO DE Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Authors: Ruiz-García Rafael , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Cetina-Alcalá Víctor Manuel , Villegas-Monter Ángel
Published: May 2022

Con el propósito de desarrollar un sistema operativo de propagación vegetativa para Gmelina arborea Roxb., especie leñosa con amplio potencial en plantaciones comerciales en regiones tropicales, en este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la concentración de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) en la capacidad de enraizado de diferentes tipos de estacas juveniles de esta especie. En el ensayo se incluyeron tres tipos de estaca (apical, intermedia y basal) y cuatro concentraciones de AIB (0, 1.0, 1.5 y 2.0 mg g-1), en un diseño factorial completo; se evaluó el contenido inicial de azúcares totales en los tres tipos de estaca, así como su capacidad de enraizado, brotación y características de las raíces formadas. Las estacas apicales mostraron mayor capacidad de enraizado (71.8 %) y brotación (54.9 %) que las estacas basales (43.7 y 38.3 %, respectivamente), y formaron 30 % más de raíces. La aplicación de AIB inhibió la capacidad de enraizado en las estacas apicales, pero la estimuló en las estacas intermedias y basales; el mayor porcentaje de enraizado se obtuvo en las estacas apicales sin AIB (80 %) y en las intermedias con 2.0 mg g-1 de AIB (83 %). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la concentración de azúcares totales entre los tipos de estaca. Se puede entonces implementar un sistema efectivo de propagación clonal de Gmelina arborea (más de 80 % de enraizado) si se aplica la concentración adecuada de AIB a estacas basales e intermedias.
EFECTOS GENÉTICOS Y HETEROSIS EN LA VIDA DE ANAQUEL DEL CHILE SERRANO
Authors: Martínez-Zambrano Gaspar , Dorantes-González José Roberto Augusto , Ramírez-Meraz Moisés , De la Rosa-Loera Alfredo , Pozo-Campodónico Octavio
Published: May 2022

El desconocimiento de los factores genéticos de la expresión de la calidad poscosecha impide que se usen en su mejoramiento genético. En este trabajo se estiman los efectos genéticos de la duración de la vida de anaquel de chile serrano (Capsicum annuum L.) y se caracterizan los materiales utilizados por su mayor vida de anaquel. Las cruzas posibles entre siete líneas de chile serrano producidas mediante el diseño genético de cruzas dialélicas y sus progenitores, se evaluaron en campo en el sur de Tamaulipas durante el ciclo otoño-invierno de 2001 bajo condiciones de riego. Las características medidas fueron: rendimiento de fruto verde, vida de anaquel (días a pérdida de valor comercial), peso individual y tasa de pérdida de peso del fruto. Los resultados mostraron que en la expresión del rendimiento participan efectos aditivos y de dominancia; la vida de anaquel y peso individual de fruto están determinados solamente por efectos de dominancia. La tasa de pérdida de peso está determinada principalmente por efectos aditivos. Se observaron efectos de heterosis altos para vida de anaquel, y heterosis de baja a moderada para rendimiento y tasa de pérdida de peso. La heterosis varió de 11 a 127 % en rendimiento; de 0.5 a 248 % en vida de anaquel; de 17 a 247 % en peso individual de fruto; y de -37 a 52% en tasa de pérdida de peso. Se detectaron efectos significativos (P ≤ 0.05) en la aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) de los padres para rendimiento y tasa de pérdida de peso, y en los de aptitud combinatoria específica (ACE) de las cruzas para rendimiento. Por tanto, la vida de anaquel y el peso individual de fruto pueden ser mejorados con métodos que exploten más los efectos de dominancia para formar variedades híbridas, mientras que la tasa de perdida de peso puede ser mejorado con métodos tradicionales de endocría yselección.
CONTROL GENÉTICO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CRECIMIENTO EN VIVERO DE PLÁNTULAS DE Pinus oocarpa
Authors: Viveros-Viveros Héctor , Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc , Guzmán-Reyna Rubén Ricardo
Published: May 2022

En un ensayo en vivero de progenies de medios hermanos de Pinus oocarpa Schiede originadas de árboles seleccionados al azar en los bosques cercanos a Uruapan, Michoacán, se estimó la heredabilidad en sentido estricto y las correlaciones genéticas y fenotípica entre las características de las plántulas. El número y longitud de cotiledones, altura a los dos y seis meses y diámetro basal del tallo a los cinco meses, mostraron una elevada variación significativa entre familias (P ≤ 0.0001). Los caracteres que mostraron el control genético más elevado fueron el número de cotiledones (h2i = 0.89; h2f = 0.90) y la longitud del cotiledón más largo (h2i = 0.64; h2f = 0.84). Los caracteres que mostraron menor control genético fueron la altura de planta a la edad de dos meses (h2i = 0.39; h2f = 0.76) y seis meses (h2i = 0.38; h2f = 0.74) y el diámetro basal a la edad de cinco meses (h2i = 0.28; h2f = 0.69). Las correlaciones genéticas más elevadas fueron entre la longitud del cotiledón más largo y la altura de planta a los dos meses (rg = 0.645), y entre la altura de planta a los dos meses y altura de planta a los seis meses (rg = 0.515). En contraste, hubo correlaciones genéticas negativas del diámetro basal con el número de cotiledones (- 0.160) y con la altura a los seis meses (- 0.222). Si posteriormente se encontrara una correlación genética importante entre los caracteres evaluados y caracteres de valor económico expresados a una edad tardía, sería factible obtener ganancias genéticas mediante selección temprana de los mejores individuos o de las mejores familias y de los mejores individuos dentro de familias.
Heritage textiles – an integrated approach for assessment and future
conservation
Authors: ILIEȘ DORINA CAMELIA , INDRIE LILIANA , CACIORA TUDOR , HERMAN GRIGORE VASILE , HUNIADI ANCA , SANDOR MIRCEA , ALBU ADINA , COSTEA MONICA , MOȘ CĂLIN , BAHODIRHON SAFAROV , TARCAU EMILIAN , PANTEA EMILIA
Published: May 2022

The digital revolution has been present in our lives more and more since the beginning of the third millennium and until
now, has affected the way in which cultural heritage is valued, preserved and passed on. In this context, the present
study aims to use digital technologies (digital radiography and Reflectance Transformation Imaging) to contribute to
assessing the conservation status of a heritage textile fabric; a traditional women’s shirt about 100 years old from Bihor
County (ie). The investigations concerned both the fine details that are not visible to the naked eye, regarding the
internal structure of the material and external (damaged areas, embroidery with traditional motifs, etc.). The results
obtained show high suitability of the methods used for the analysis performed on historical textiles, having major
importance in identifying the visual representation of the weave, the fibres and the surface of the fabric, the deterioration
and also the current state of preservation and contributing to the identification of optimal restoration-conservation
solutions.
Effect of regenerated cellulosic fibre content in polyester/regenerated and
cotton/regenerated blend yarns on comfort properties of woven fabrics
Authors: SARIOGLU ESİN , ÇELİK HALI İBRAHIM , GÜNAYDIN GİZEM KARAKAN , GÜLTEKİN ELIF
Published: May 2022

This study investigates some comfort properties of cotton and polyester fabrics blended with varying ratios (%) of
regenerated cellulosic fibres including Viloft®, ProModal®, and bamboo fibre. 23 types of woven samples made of
Viloft®, ProModal®, and bamboo regenerated cellulosic fibres blended with polyester and cotton at different proportions
(100%, 67/33%, 50/50%, 33/67%) besides with 100% cotton and 100% polyester fabrics were produced. Woven
samples were subjected to some comfort tests including air permeability (mm/sec), wicking rate (mm/sec), water
absorption ratio (%), and water vapour permeability index was also obtained. Statistical test results regarding fibre type,
fibre blend components, and blend ratio (%) on fabric comfort properties were evaluated by using the SPSS program.
In the content of this experimental work, it was revealed that fibre type, fibre blend components, and blend ratio have a
significant effect on some comfort properties such as air permeability, wicking rate, and absorption ratio. However, those
parameters did not have any significant effect on the water vapour permeability index at a 95% significance level.
Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Outcome of Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Lampus Harsali , Candy Candy , Rendy Leo , Saputra Sabrandi P.
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Mortality rate of newborns with congenital abnormalities worldwide is still high in the first four weeks after birth every year. This study aimed to obtain the profile of patients with congenital anomalies related with mortality after surgery at the Pediatric Surgery Department, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia. This was a descriptive and retrospective study. There were 98 samples during 2019 to 2021. Dependent variable was postoperative mortality outcome and independent variable risk factors were sex, gestational age, birth weight, and length of stay. Data were analyzed using univariate method. The results showed that postoperative death was 27.6%, and sex ratio was equally distributed (male 51%; female 49%). Gestational age was pre-dominanly aterm 77.5% vs preterm 22.5%. Birth weight of ≥2500 g was 77,5% and low birth weight (<2500 g) was 22.5%. Hospitalitation length of stay probably less than two weeks was 82.7%. Pediatric surgical congenital anomalies were as follows: Hirchsprung Disease (15.1%), anorectal malformation (41.7%), lateral inguinal hernia (11.3%), diaphragm hernia (3.1%), omphalocele (2.1%), gastroschisis (2.1%), undescended testis/UDT (4.1%), invagination (4.1%), duodenal atresia (3.1%), ileojejunal atresia (4.1%), esophageal atresia (5.1%), biliary atresia (1%), and mechanical bowel obstruction (3,1%). In conclusion, in the last two years, pediatric surgery services in surgical congenital anomalies had overall mortality rate of 27,6% without sex predominantly. Most patients were aterm babies with normal birth weight and relatively short length of stay.Keywords:  congenital anomalies; postoperative outcome