bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium sulfate in rats following cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Al-Mudhafar Ahmed MH
Published: August 2023

Background and objective: Magnesium sulfate has neuroprotective effects and decrease overall neuronal firing. It is also decrease firing of excitable tissues outside the brain. It is not known whether this neuroprotective effect is due to antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory or other mechanism. In this research we study the anti-inflammatory effect of magnesium sulfate in rat brain following  ischemia reperfusion stress.Material and methods: Twenty four rats were grouped into 4 groups: The first (sham group), the second (control) and the third group(control-vehicle) and the forth  (treated with Magnesium sulfate). Animals in the second group underwent bilateral common carotid artery ligation without treatment, whereas the forth group were injected with magnesium sulfate 250mg/kg intraperitoneally before procedure. Blood samples were taken after the procedure for measurement of serum level of IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM.Results: Serum level of IL-9 in control group was 163.3 ± 30.4 pg/mL and it significantly decreased in magnesium sulfate treated group (21.8 ± 1.72 pg/mL). serum level of MCP-1 in the control group was 109.05 ± 18.2 pg/mL while  it significantly reduced in magnesium sulfate treated group (38.16 ± 3.54 pg/mL). mean serum levels of ICAM of control was 362.8 ± 26.81 pg/mL while mean serum level of ICAM in treated group was 35.5 ± 4.71 pg/mL.Conclusion: magnesium sulfate significantly decreases the inflammatory markers IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM in global ischemia model in rats.
Histological Study of the Larynxinindigenous male WestAfrican guinea fowl (Numidameleagrisgaleata)In AL-Najaf province
Authors: AL-Medhtiy Morteta H Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Microscopic investigation of the larynx in Indigenous Male West African guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) In AL-Najaf province, the mean live weight was (1750 g ± 50 gm) our need to have a base line data on the respiratory system of this abundant species of bird in Iraq. It is expected that this work will provide a base for future research and subsequent clinical application as regards the biology of the guinea fowl. Five healthy birds utilize in this study. After bird dead the larynx dissected out and washing by normal saline solution, then were fixed immediately in 10% NBF solution, and then preparing for routine histological processing. The laryngeal mound was covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Toward the glottis the thickness of these epithelia decreased and some of epithelial layers were modified to epithelial glands, then epithelium became ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Lamina propria-submucosa contained loose connective tissue connected with the perichondrium of the hyaline laryngeal cartilages (Cricoid, Arytenoid, and Procricoid).
Evaluation of some hematological values and ferritin concentrationin normal and emaciated Iraqi sheep
Authors: Badawi Naseir Mohammed
Published: August 2023

The effect of emaciation and body condition scores on the plateletcrit (PCT %), mean platelet volume (MPVfl), platelets distribution width (PDW %), red blood cell distribution width (RDW %) and serum ferritin concentration were studied on the 60 emaciated sheep and compared these animals with 60 normal sheep. The animals were divided into 20 emaciated males, 40 emaciated females (20 lactating and 20 pregnant ewes), the control divided to20 normal males and 40 normal females (20 lactating and 20 pregnant ewes), the study was conducted in Baghdad governorate and animals aged between 1.5-4 years. The results displayed a significant increase (P<0.05) in PCT of emaciated compared to normal sheep and in lactating ewes compared to pregnant ewes, also PDW show a significant increase (P<0.05) in lactating ewes compared to pregnant ewes, as well as, RDW a significant increase (P<0.05) in emaciated sheep compared to normal sheep. On the other hand, the ferritin concentration was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in both emaciated males and females compared to normal males and females sheep, in addition to, no significant differences (P>0.05) between lactating and pregnant ewes in ferritin concentration.
Some aspects of histological alteration in the tapeworm Hymenolepis nana infected white mice by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Taher Jasim Hameed
Published: August 2023

This transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study has shown that the all of sections were obtained from tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana infection which were administered  by eggs to white mice at 28 days of age, except in the case of cortisone- treated mice, in which infection was carried out at 38 day of age . The appearance of the brush border does not vary with the age of the worm, nor does treatment with cortisone affect it . The same may be said of distal cytoplasm . There is, however, a dramatic change in the appearance of the perinuclear layer . In older worms (45 day) the number of nuclei is reduced and those which remain are dark in colour . Unidentified structures, which appear to be abnormal, granulated mitochondria, are seen, and lipids  accumulate both within and around the cells . Older worms from with cortisone - treated mice also have an altered perinuclear layer, but the changes are different . All of the normal structure are present, but they look as though they are dying because their membranes have a tendency to collapse . As in older worm from hosts which were not treated with cortisone, there was an increase in oil droplets .
The effect of different concentration of Ethyl alcohol on the seminiferous tubules of the mature rabbits.Histo-physiological study
Authors: Dawood Enaam .Mahdi
Published: August 2023

This study was applied to investigate the effect of different concentration of ethyl alcohol on seminiferous tubules in adult male rabbits . the study was conducted on the eighteen mature male rabbits were divided randomly into three groups ,each group have six animals first and second treated group were injected subcutaneously (S/C) four milliliter ethyl alcohol (15%), eight milliliter ethyl alcohol (25%) respectively for period (six) weeks as one dose every 48 hours, The third group was the control which treated  with distil water at the same doses of treated groups . The result showed :-1.First group was revealed increase in mean diameter of seminiferous tubules (250.75      ± 7.8) micrometer, and decrease in testosterone level ( 18.85 ± 10.52) microgram/milliter. as compared with the control group(distil water).2. The first and second treated groups were observed impairment in spermatogenic process due to reduction of the testosterone level.3. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean diameter of seminiferous tubules in the second treated group that reached to ( 280 ± 6.85) micrometer. when compared with control group.4.Degenerative changes and necrosis were occurs in the spermatogenic cells in the first and second treated groups when compared with control group.
The neurobehavioral and withdrawal effects of diazepam in adult male rats
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Jawad , AL-Rekabi Falah Muosa Kadhim , Abass Duriad Abdulhadi
Published: August 2023

The study conducted to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects and dependence in adult male rats which showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in exploration, vestibular system (increasing time of rotating on negative geotaxis apparatus), decrease cognition, short term memory, locomotors activity (decrease time of rotating on Rota rod apparatus), where these results was confirmed by histopathological changes of brain which represent by congestion, perivascular edema, focal gliosis and mononuclear cells infiltrations in groups treated with diazepam. The results of withdrawal study after one week of stop dosing of diazepam treatment showed signs of addiction represented by hyperactivity, restlessness, diarrhea and goose flesh in dose dependent manner.
Isolation of Some Bacterial Contamination of Egg Shell and yolk in Najaf governante
Authors: Hamzah Dhiaa J.
Published: August 2023

A total of 60 eggs collected from different sources including small farms (15 eggs), large farms (15 eggs), road side vendors (15 eggs) and supermarkets (15 eggs) were cultured for the bacteria in Najaf governante, Bacteria on egg shells have been implicated as a source of bacterial contamination and some of them Proteus spphas been implicated in food poisoning, E.coli and Salmonella spp have been found inegg shell and yolk .The family Enterobacteriaceaewere obtained with a higher proportion from shell membrane (54.4%) than from yolk samples (45.6%). There was no significant difference (P< 0.05) in the number of isolates between various sources indicating the contamination at farm level.
Histopathological Study Of The Effect Of Low Level Laser And Biatain Ag Non-Adhesive Dressing On The Avulsion Wound Healing In Rabbits
Authors: Hashim Ammar Maatoq , Naeem Luay Ahmed , Kadhim Saleh , A Sahi Majeed,Abdulbari
Published: August 2023

The aims of this study was to compare between the effect of Low level Laser and Biatain Ag non-adhesive dressing on healing of avulsion wound in rabbits. Eighteen adult healthy rabbits were used. It is divided in to two equal groups , Laser group , and Biatain Ag group, also each group divide into three equal sub group for histopathological study at 1 week , 2 week and 3 week post operation. The avulsion wound was done on the back(dorsal) after general anesthesia by blade 1 cm . post-operation ,  in laser group, the rabbits were exposed to low level laser for 5 minute/daily to period 1week, 2week ,3week continuously , but in Biatain Ag group, the avulsion wound was dressing by Biatain Ag non-adhesive dressing and it fixed on wound by blaster and continuous to 1week, 2week, 3week.The histopathological examination appear in first week, both groups showed ulceration but in biotin group showed more ulceration than laser group. In two week, laser group some animals showed absence of ulceration with dermal fibrosis. In two week, in biatain group showed reduce the size ulcer with dermal fibrosis. In three week, laser group showed complete healing with moderate thickening of epidermis and hyperkeratosis with dermal fibrosis. While biatain group showed complete healing with marked dermal fibrosis but presence of foci of hair folliculitis. Conclusion In two week, laser group all showed healing of ulcer except one animal while biatain group there was only reduce size of ulcer but not complete healing..
Molecular Diagnosis of CoccidioidesPosadasii from Aborted Placenta of Ewes by RT-PCR
Authors: Fares BushraHamza , Abdulmajeed Ban A. , Mejbel Hameed Abdulhussein
Published: August 2023

Diagnosis of diseases depends on histology using formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded tissue .The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)helps the pathologists to confirm the diagnosis of many disease including mycotic infections.Aborted placentas from 40 ewes were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded and sectioned. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosine, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for histopathology examination. Fresh tissue parts were cultivated ,subjected to DNA extraction for the purpose of real-time PCR amplification.Histopathological examination of placental tissue revealed extensive necrotizing placentitis with the presence of spherule of CoccidioidesPosadasiiin the necrotic area. Only eight samples gave positive growth for coccidioidesPosadasii out of forty  aborted placental samples.DNA amplification by real-time PCR revealed positive amplification for the eight samples which confirmed the detection of coccidiodesposadasii.
Study the Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extract of Punica granatum L. on Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate from Mastitic milk
Authors: Jassim Hussam saleh , Abdullah Asmaa Hamoody
Published: August 2023

Were collected 154 milk samples from 120 animals included (25 sheep ,25 goats,70 cows), subjected these samples to California Mastitis Test, (60) sample showed a positive result. These samples were grown at different common, selective culture media, and depended on the study of the cultural characteristic and microscopic examination and biochemical tests, 32 isolates diagnosed as Staphylococcus aureus , 11 isolates diagnosed as Staphylococci coagulase negative and 17 isolate as gram negative bacteria, the diagnosis was confirmed by using the API STAPH system .The staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested for their sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics .the isolates are more susceptible to Chloramphenicol ,Streptomycin and Ciprofloxacin, and the least sensitivity was observed to Ampicillin, Gentamycin and Cefixime. then selected one isolate from S. aureus (isolate exhibit resistant to large number of antibiotic), for determination antibacterial activity of Punica granatum in different concentration 25mg/mL, 50mgL/ mL, 75mgLmL, 100mg/mL150, mgL/mL ,the mean of inhibitory zone diameter ware 20.66, 23, 24.66, 27, 29.66 respectively The present study provides evidence antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Punica granatum on resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic milk.
Study the Effect of Protexin® as a Probiotic and levamisole on The Immunity of Broilers
Authors: Khammas Emad J. , AL-saigh Haider A.H.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Protexin® and levamisole  as an immune modulator. A total of 125 unsexed (Ross 308)  broiler chicks with an average initial body weight of 43g to all chicks at the age of one day were randomly divided into five equally treated  groups (25 chicks per pen ).Group 1 was considered as control group fed with commercial ration without  any additives, group 2 was fed with commercial  ration  with the addition (daily) of  1g protexin® /liter of drinking water 1- 10 days, 1g protexin /2 liters of drinking water 10-20 days and 1g protexin® /4 liters of drinking water 20 day- end of the study, group 3 was fed with commercial  ration  with the addition (each 3 days a week) of  1g protexin® /liter of drinking water 1- 10 days, 1g protexin® /2 liters of drinking water 10-20 days and 1g protexin® /4 liters of drinking water 20- end of the study, group 4 was fed with commercial  ration  with the addition of levamisole 10 µg/kg B.w. daily, group 5 was fed with commercial  ration  with the addition of levamisole 10 µg/kg b.w. 3 days a week. The experiment lasted for five weeks (35 days). Chicks were vaccinated against New castle disease (ND) on age ( 10,20,30) days , by drinking water method, also vaccinated against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) on age (14) days by drinking water method. At days 1, 12, 22 and 35 blood samples were collected to estimate the immune response by ELISA test for ND and at 35 day for IBD. The titer of antibody (Ab) increased significantly (P ≤0.05) against NDV and IBD in G2 (Protexin® daily) as compared with G1(control group) at the age of 22 and 35days.
Evaluation of using some medical herbs seeds as feed supplementation and their effects on the activity of some enzymes and hormones on male Awassi lambs
Authors: Al-dain QussayZaki Shams , Jarjeis Essam Abdal-wahaid
Published: August 2023

Twenty four male Awassi lambs aged 3.5-4 months were assigned into four main treatment  groups .The 1st treatment was fed on control ration only, while 2nd,3rd and 4th treatments were fed adlibitum on control ration and supplemented with 600 mg/kg.B.W. /day of black cumin or fenugreek or rocket seeds respectively, for four months.The blood samples were collected to measurement the activities of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes and Triiodothyronine,Thyroxin and Testosterone hormones.The Results indicated that activities of ALT and AST enzymes were increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T2 and T3,respectively,while the activity of ALP enzyme was increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T4 as compared to those in T1. The activities of Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin hormones were increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T2 ,T3 and T4, respectively, also the activity of Testosterone hormone was increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T2 and T4 ,respectively, as compared to those in T1.Also the activities of ALT, ALP and Testosterone were increased significantly (P≤0.05), while the activities of Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin was decreased significantly (P≤0.05) as lambs get older. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of supplementation of black cumin or fenugreek or rocketseeds  to the rations on the activity of some enzymes and hormones in blood of male Awassi  lambs.
Comparative study among aqueous, hexane extracts of sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus) with Atorvastatin for treating hyperlipidemia induced in mice
Authors: Kafi Lubna A. , Al- Ezzi Noor TH. N.
Published: August 2023

This research was developed to find out the treatment impact of aqueous and hexane extracts of sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus) on some biological indicators related to hyperlipidemia that induced inmiceand comparative with Atorvastatin which was dried and grinded by an electrical grinder to form fine crude powderthat extracted by two ways:by using 95% hexaneandwaterby using thedistilledwater with Soxhlet apparatus, (40) of mature mice were randomly separated into 8 categories (5 mouse per group) and treated every day for 60 days, the first group was fed and drank normally and regarded as a negative control group (NC1), a second group was given polypropylene glycol offered as negative control group (NC2), third group was given normal water containing 0.5% of hydrogen peroxide and 1% of cholesterol in the feed for 60 days for induction of hyperlipidemia and offered as positive control group (PC), hyperlipidemia was induced in the other five categories as in the third group.Treated hyperlipidemia by hexane extract at a dose of 500 mg/ kg of body weight and aqueous extract of sweet almond with three different  doses (500, 750 and 1000) mg/ kg of bodyweight and compared with the other groups that treated with atorvastatin (Lipitor) ® 20 mg/ kg B.W. as antihyperlipidemic drug. The outcomes discovered that oral dosing with extracts of sweet almond and medication therapy led to acquire beneficial changes in the parameters, which were showed incident of a significant decrease (P<0.05) at a concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI) in serum, moreover to a significant improved (P<0.05) in the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum reduced glutathione (GSH) comparedwithuntreated group and has been proven that a dose of 1000 mg/kg of aqueous extracts of sweet almond was the best in therapy.
Evaluation of Using of (Toxicom) onBlood Pictures and body weight of Broilers Fed on Mycotoxin Contaminated Ration and Vaccinated Against Gumboro
Authors: Al-Araji Furkan , Igor N.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of preparation which synthesized in Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine adsorbent ((Toxicom)) 5g\kg diet against the toxic effects of mixed mycotoxins in growing broiler chickens .Total 75 chicks, one week age, were divided into 5 treated groups, 15 birds for each. The first group (G1) fed a contaminated ration with mycotoxin and supplemented with (Toxicom) 5g/kg of diet and vaccinated with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age. The second group (G2) was fed a ration contaminated with mycotoxin and vaccinated with IBD vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age and not supplemented with (Toxicom). The third group (G3) was fed an intact broiler ration and vaccinated with IBD vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age. The fourth group (G4) was only fed a contaminated ration with mycotoxins and not vaccinated. The fifth group (G5) was fed intact broiler ration and not vaccinated as a control group. The diet was naturally contaminated with many mycotoxins and analyzed by ELISA and the level of mycotoxins were as follows : Aflatoxin B1 0.001 mg/kg, Dezoxivalenol  1.24 mg/kg, Zearalenon 0.068 mg/kg, Ochratoxin 0.005 mg/kg, T2 toxin 0.09 mg/kg, Fuminisen B1 0.2 mg/kg. It was concluded that this preparation which synthesized in Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine is protect chicken blood parameters in comparison with the other groups.
Vital impact of using ginger roots powder as feed additive to the rations of local Friesian dairy cows and its effect on production & economic efficiency of milk and physiological of blood
Authors: Al-dain Qussay Z. Shams , Jarjeis Essam A.
Published: August 2023

Three non pregnant local Friesian dairy cows were at same live weights, fourth production season and during first month of calving, they were divided into three treatments .2nd and 3rd treatments were reared on standard ration supplemented with 75 or 150 g. of ginger roots powder /cow /day ,respectively, while the 1st treatment reared on standard ration only. Cows were fed individually on standard ration during three periods (28 days/period) in 3x3 Latin square design. The results indicated that feed intake, daily quantities of uncorrected, corrected milk yields , fat, protein and lactose ,milk lactose %, red & white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume ,lymphocyte %, total protein and globulin were increased significantly, while the percentages of milk fat and blood glucose were decreased significantly in T2 and T3 s as compared to those in T1.The present study was carried out to determine the effect of supplementation of ginger root on milk production and composition and physiological of blood.
Some Toxic Effects of Potassium Dichromate on Liver and kidney cortex of adult male rabbits
Authors: Assi Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
Published: August 2023

Twenty four mature adult male rabbits were divided into three groups, each group was involved eight rabbits. The experiment period was reached to six weeks. Administration route of potassium dichromate was orally via drinking water. The first group represented control group. The second treated group was administrated 50mg/kg.Bw. Of potassium dichromate, while the second treated group was administrated 60mg/kg.Bw. Of potassium dichromate. (The present work symptoms on treated groups were appeared as depression), loss of appetite, followed by hyper salivation, lacrimation and diarrhea. The liver tubules of first treated group showed fatty degeneration and intracytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocyte, while the kidney cortex was revealed glomerulonephritis in some glomeruli, interstitial connective tissue oedema, and degeneration and necrosis in the epithelial lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the first and second treated groups. On the other hand, the liver lobules of rabbit was belonged to second treated group revealed polymorphic nuclear leukocytic infiltration which surrounded the central vein, as well as sever fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes due to effect of potassium dichromate at dose 60ml/kg.B.w, this dose led to sever congestion in the branches of renal vessels in the kidney cortex of rabbits.
Hematological parameters after oral administrated of Levamisole with its activity on nonspecific immunity and total serum protein in sheep
Authors: Salbok Asaad chasib
Published: August 2023

In this study (20) ewes where examined and subdivided into two groups, the 1st group test group (n=10) where treated with Levamisole at dose 2.5 mg/kg while the 2nd group was untreated and considered control group (n=10) blood samples were collected into EDTA – containing tubes. Blood samples from all were continued at the day 0,7,14 and 21.The level of erythrocytes count, PCV, Hb, total leukocyte count, differential leukocytes count (manual standard method), total serum protein, albumin and globulin were measured to evaluate this study.Appropriate statistical methods were used for data analysis, and (P<0.05).was considered as significant. No significant differences were seen for PCV, RBCs, and Hb. Neutrophil level at day 14 and monocyte level at day 21 were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05).The results show insignificant increase in the total protein and Globulin and insignificant decrease in the albumin.leavamesole enhance nonspecific immune response due to induce leukocytosis, neutrophilia  and monocytosis .
Role of Two Biocides in The Wounds Healing and Side Effect in Rabbits
Authors: Abdul-Kareem ZainabB.
Published: August 2023

This study was aimed to show the influence of two bioformulation on wounds healing ,side effect in liver and kidneys in rabbits . The results indicated  that no effect on wound healing were observed in bioformulation  treated group compared with the controls. There were toxic effects on the liver which was shown on  histopathological examination as centrilobularvacuolation, necrosis of hepatocytes  around congested central vein, pyogranulomatous lesion around dilated central vein with marked vacuolation of hepatocytes.On kidneys , histopathological results revealed severe hemorrhage in the cortical area between glomeruli and renal tubules, severe atrophy of glomeruli in the cortical area with some congested blood vessels in the renal parenchyma , severe atrophy of glomeruli in the cortical area with some congested blood vessels in the renal parenchyma  and some degree of dilation of renal tubules.
Evaluation Of Immune Response To Brucella Infection In Sheep
Authors: Mohamed Kareem , Alhatami Abdullah O , Motlak Akram
Published: August 2023

Brucellosis in sheep and goats is a zoonotic infection (excluding Brucellaovis) with important effects on both public health and animal health. The disease is widespread in many areas of the world, particularly in some Mediterranean and Middle Easterncountries.Aim of the study: the present study aims to find out the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep in one of the areas of An Najaf El-Ashraf city, and study of the immune response by measuring the levels of and interleukin-10 (IL-10).Methodology: Current study conducted in the Najaf province (Al-Barakyia) during the period between September 2013- March 2014, fulfilled by using Rose Bengal and Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests for estimation of brucella antibodies. A total number of 48 serum samples were collected from sheep and stored at -20 C.Results: the frequency of positive sera by Rose Bengal test (RBT) was 20% and by ELISA technique was 25%.   The level of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was estimated in all surveyed animals, 12 sera samples were showed an elevated IL-10 levels, all were positive with ELISA serological test.Conclusion: the detection of significant concentration of IL-10 among the seropositive cases may be indicated an active infection of brucella with type 2 cytokine production.Recommendations: the evaluation of immune response of vaccinated sheep with brucella REV1 vaccine, depending on the estimation of IFN-γ and IL-10 ratio that will reflect the cytokines induced during vaccination and consequently, the effective or not immune response.
Comparative study of antidiarrheal effect of proposed new formulae from D.innoxia hydroalcoholic leave extract against E.coli O:157 induced diarrhea in goats
Authors: Obeid Aula Hasoon , Abbas Duraid Abdul Hadi
Published: August 2023

New proposed formulation of 5% and 7.5% of hydroalcoholic leave extract of D.innoxia were tested as new drug in order to treat induced diarrheal infection by pathogenic E.coliO:157 strain isolate in 16 healthy local goats divided in to equal four groups according to following treatment groups T1 and T2 represented (25 and 37.5 mg/kg D.innoxia),ciprofloxacine (5mg/kg) and DMSO vehicle group 0.5 ml /kg  as positive control .Dosing continue orally daily for 14 days after induction of diarrheal infection .The efficacy of different treatment were evaluated according to improvement in clinical symptoms in which the formulation showed dose dependent effect with superiority of higher dose in T2 over ciprofloxacin in reduction body temperature  and respiration rate , improvement in body weight gain and dehydration signs with reduction of fecal bacterial count (E.coli ) to nearly normal with completely ceasing diarrhea at the end of treatment . This was due to the presence of multiphytochemical that have not only antibacterial effect but also astringent ,anti-inflammatory ,analgesic ,antispasmodic, narcotic ,antipyretic and antiallergic that help to over come the stress that accompanied diarrheal infection.
Study Some of the Histopathological Changes of Acute, Subacute and Chronic Lead Acetate Toxicity related to Catalase Activity in Blood of Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Al-Mzaien Aous Kahtan , Khalaf Omar Hussain , AL- Neamah Ghusoon A.k. , Al-Naimi Rajiha A.S.
Published: August 2023

The present work was aimed to study the histopathological changes due to lead acetate intoxication and measure the activity of catalase in the serum of adult male rats. Sixty male rats aged (8) weeks and weight (45-60) gm were divided equally into (4) groups as follows: Group I: Rats served as control (C) and received distilled water for 3 months. Group II: Rats served as experimental and received by gavage lead acetate diluted in distlled water at 100 mg/kg B.W. /day for 1 month. Group III: Rats served as experimental and received by gavage lead acetate diluted in distlled water at 100 mg/kg B.W. /day for 2 month. Group IV: Rats served as experimental and received by gavage lead acetate diluted in distlled water at 100 mg/kg B.W. /day for 3 month. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to estimate serum catalase activity. Specimens from brain, liver, kidneys, urinary bladder and spleen, were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results should time dependent significant decrease in serum catalase activity with toxicopathological changes in the targeted organs, the severity of the changes depend on time of exposure, with hyperplasia of urinary bladder. From the above results, it was concluded that lead acetate intoxication lead to significant decrease in serum catalase activity with toxicopathological changes in the targeted organs, these changes were time dependent.
The possible cardioprotective effect of valsartan in the amelioration of myocardial I/R injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in a rat model
Authors: Hadi Najah Rayish , Yousif Fadhil Ghaly , Zamil Suhaad Traiji , Hussien Yasmeem Ali
Published: August 2023

Ischemia/reperfusion injury describes the experimentally and clinically prevalent finding that tissue  ischemia with inadequate  oxygen followed by successful reperfusion initiates a wide and complex array of inflammatory responses that may aggravate local injury as well as induce impairment of remote organ function by mechanisms that involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.     In this study, we investigated the cardio protective  effects of Valsartan in regional ischemia/ reperfusion injury. adult male Albino rats were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (1) sham group: rats underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery , Group( 2) control group: rats subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min by ligation of  LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours ,Group( 3) control vehicle group: rats received (normal saline) vehicle of  valsartan  via I.P injection  and subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min and reperfusion for 2 hours  , Group( 4) valsartan  treated group : rats pretreated with valsartan 10mg/kg I.P 30 minutes before ligation of LAD coronary  artery then subjected to the surgical procedure with ligation of LAD for 30 minutes followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, Heart was divided into two parts, the apex for histopathology and the remaining  part used for determination of tissue TNF-α,and IL-6 It has been found that Valsartan treated group showed significant reduction (P˂0.05) in TNFα with respect to the control groups.Histopathology study revealed that the treatment with  Valsartan significantly (P˂0.05) improved cardiac injury as compared with control groups, we concluded that Valsartan reduces inflammatory reaction associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by LAD ligation in addition to its reduction for cardiac injury induced by ischemia reperfusion.
Effect of alcoholic extract Citrullus Colocynthis fruits in testes function
Authors: Hassan KH.A. , Arrak J.K.
Published: August 2023

Effect of ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) was investigated on testes function ,testosterone ,LH and FSH hormone in albino mature male rats. Twenty four  (24) rats weighting (220-280) g were grouped in to 4 groupsby (6) animals / day group and treated as follows for (42) days. first group considered control received 2 ml distilled water orally. While the experimental group second group(T1)were received 25  mg/kg B.W. ethanolic extract of CCT,and third group(T2) received50mg/kgB.W.,while fourth group(T3)received 75mg/kg B.W.The result the animals treated with 75 mg of ethanolic extract of CCT affected the testes by decrease of weight and decrease in hormone testosterone ,LH and FSH .also showed histological change completetly absent of spermatogenic cells in certain seminiferous tubules  which  replacement  by large  multiple  vacuoles  and lining by only by Sertoli cells , and  marked thickness of interstitial tissueThe results showed the presence of a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the proportion of the testicular weight to body weight when compared with the control group. while testes histological study showed (T2, T3) thickness Tunica albuginea ,congested blood vessels  with thickness of   basement membrane of seminiferous s tubules  and  vaculation of their spermatogenic cells  layer without  presences  sperms in their lumen. In conclusion the result of this study documented that CCT induced harmful effect on testes functio(50,75 mg/kg B.W.)at 4,6 week of treatment.
Cytogenetic Effects Of Tacrolimus After Chronic Oral Administration In Male Albino Rats
Authors: AL-Ameedi Ali Ibrahim Mohammed , AL-Rekabi Falah Muosa Kadhim , Ayad Zahraa Mohammed
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to investigate cytogenetic effects of chronic exposure of an immunosuppressant Tacrolimus in male albino rats. Thirty albino male rats were divided into 3 equal groups, the first one (T1) administrated orally therapeutic dose 70μg/kg.BW of Tacrolimus. The second group(T2) dosed double dose 140 μg/kg.BW of Tacrolimus, while the third group dosed distilled water with drops of ethanol as solvent like in treated groups and considered as control one(C). cytogenetic study included mitotic index, chromosomal aberration and blast index, the mitotic index showed significant decrease in both treated groups compared with the control one, the blast index showed significant decrease in T2 group compared with T1 and the control group. Chromosomal aberration in the stem cells of bone marrow represented by ring chromosome observed in T2 group which received double dose of drug. In conclusion Tacrolimus chronic exposure in rats indicate some genetic effect which needed more investigations in other species and even man.
Electrocardiaographic survey on dogs in Baghdad province
Authors: Mahmood Alaa K. , Habasha Faisal G . , AL- Khayaat Ali A .
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to investigate electrocardiography changes in 100 dogs(50 male and 50 female) in Baghdad province to detect incidence of cardiac disorder . The results indicated that electrocardiographic abnormalities are 27% of examined dogs , nodular ectopic 2%, complet heart block 5%,ventricular tachycardia 6% ,bradycardia 8% and decreased T amplitude 6 %. The cardiac arrhythmia and hypokalaemia were the most common cause of cardiac disorders. There were differences between sexes for ECG parameters
The Effect of Serotonin on Leptin and Grelin Hormones Concentrations in Female Rats
Authors: M Noaman I.
Published: August 2023

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship of hyperserotoninemia on the adipose tissues performance and satiety status on thirty six female rats. Randomly divided into four groups that individually housed. The first group of six females as a short-term study were given daily serotonin (25 mg/kg) for a week and six controls received saline subcutaneously. Long-term treatment study included 12 females given daily serotonin injections for 3 months vs. 12 controls given saline. The results show significantly decreased in body weights after 7 days and 3 months serotonin injection with mean (200 ± 9.31 g vs. controls 224 ± 11.9 g, p = 0.003 and 234 ± 7.12 g vs. controls 246 ± 14.8 g, p = 0.025 respectively). Plasma leptin were significantly decreased in the rats syringe with serotonin after short-term (133±32.0 vs. controls 208±58.4 pg/ml; p = 0.029) and long-term treatment (172 ± 35.6 vs. controls: 234 ± 60.5 pg/ml; p = 0.007), whereas ghrelin concentrations were unaffected. Consequently, hyperserotoninemia results in low concentrations of plasma leptin with unaffected ghrelin concentrations that may explains a direct serotonin influence on adipose tissues with a significant reduction in body weights of rats vs. controls
The importance of biologically valuable poultry meat in human nutrition
Authors: Motlak A.
Published: August 2023

Poultry meat is a source of valuable protein and essential amino acids and has a relatively little, while quality fat and it is used in a large volume for producing a quality desired meat products in the market. While respecting the correct technology (GMP- good manufacturing) and hygienic (GHP - good hygienic practice), mainly during the slaughtering and then during the cooling of a poultry meat, there are not any damages of sensitive substances and any hazard of microbial contamination. It is well managed to offer for the consumer a safe and biologically valuable food and raw material for the production of meat products from the poultry meat.
The effect of using two different concentration of Ground Olive leaves on production traits of male Rabbits
Authors: Zakri Ahmed M.M.
Published: August 2023

The present work was designed to demonstrate the effect of two different concentration of Olive leaves ( 5% and 10%) in diet on production traits in male rabbits .Twenty one male rabbits with body weight average 1.1 – 1.3 kg and 4-5 months age were bought from Local Markets, and they were divided randomly into three equal groups with equal weight  , put in metal cages  were fed on concentrate pellets diet with green roughage ,The male rabbits were divided to three equal groups and by 7 animals / group with equal weights .The 1st group (T1) (control group)was offered drinking water and fed concentrate pellets without ground olive leaves , the 2nd one (T2) (5% olive leaves)offered drinking water and fed concentrate pellets with 5% ground olive leaves /diet , while the 3rd one (T3) (10% olive leaves)offered drinking water and fed concentrate pellets with 10 % ground olive leaves /diet and the nutrition were continue for 8 weeks . Animals were weight every week to see weekly weight gain and measured of some production traits such as total weight gain, feed consumption rate and the coefficient of food conversion,slaughtered all animals of groups to study some carcass characteristics which include, hot and cold carcass weight, and percentage of edible and non-edible and external parts and dressing and different carcass cuts. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05)for the final weight , Body weight gain , relative growth rate , feed intake and coefficient of feed conversion in T2 , T3 in compare with T1 control group .While the observed significant (P<0.05) decrease in carcass weight, dressing out percentage , percentage of fat around viscera  and percentage of fat on shoulder in T2 ,T3 group in compare with T1 and significant raising in carcass cuts (shoulder , Cotton) in T2,T3 in compare with T1.Notied that there was arithmetic difference  in all groups in (Cold carcass weight , Internal edible visceral and Internal non – edible visceral and External visceral percentage and carcass cuts such as ribs and chest).the results conclude that the addition of olive leaf by 5% or 10% in the diets of rabbits may have contributed to the improvement of carcass quality and reduce the level of fat on the viscera or shoulders in the carcasses and reduce feed costs where possible bringing it about place of alfa alfa economic as interest and we recommend using the highest levels may be 15% or 20% of olive leaves in rabbits diets due to the economic feasibility and lack of toxicity.
Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Architecture of pancreases in Early Hatched Goose (Anser anser)
Authors: Al-Sharoot Hassaneen Ali
Published: August 2023

The present work includes anatomical, histological and histochemical study of the pancreas in early hatched Goose (Anser anser). The current study was performed on ten early-hatched goose ageing from 5-10 dayes clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized by the ether after which they were carefully dissected and examined. Anatomical study shown pancreas it is a vital lobulated organ, pale pinkish in coular, located on the right side of the abdominal cavity between the descending and ascending duodenal loops closely covered by mesentery pancreatic duodenal ligament and Its consist of dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobe. Histologically parenchyma of gland consisted of exocrine and endocrine parts was located in the meshwork of reticular fibres.  Exocrine part was arranged in form of serous tubuloacinar glands that occupied a larger area of pancreas. The islands of langerhans consisted of various shapes and sizes of alpha, beta cell and mixed islets were not observed in the early hatched goose pancreas.
Content of Amino Acids in Poultry Meat Products
Authors: Motlak A.
Published: August 2023

This work presents the results of detailed studies of protein quality of 13 kinds of poultry products; presents the results of the determination of amino acids from a total of 108 samples. Demonstrates the results of protein studies and discusses the importance of poultry fats (content of selected fatty acids), salts, nitrates and minerals. Based on the appraisal of the manufacturing process steps the study considers their possible impact on the biological value of the final products that are consumed in standard amounts, pointing out some of the possible adverse effects on the biological value of poultry raw material, adverse impacts of some added substances, increased by final processing. Results of studies of poultry products also prove that the use of additives must be prudent and there should be the maximum extent of use limited as much as possible; there must be carefully considered the necessity of each technological step and its impact on the raw material, finished product as well as the consumer's health.
The Study of HER-2/neu, ER/PR Expression Using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the Iraqi Breast Cancer
Authors: Hatem Suhad Faisal , Alyaqubi Kifah jabbar , Al-Atrooshi Sazan abdul wahab , Alsayyid Maha Mahamommed , Saad Maryam , Safaa Rusul
Published: August 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman that originates from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. According to the Iraq Cancer Registry 2009, breast cancer ranks as the first between the ten common cancers in Iraq and there is a wide tendency to increase the rate of breast cancer in earlier age group. Estimation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors status as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2/neu) serve as specific guidance to select the patients whose benefit from endocrine therapy and provide prognostic information. The study aimed to assess the expression of ER/PR hormone receptor and Her-2/neu in breast cancer patients and correlation with various Clinicopathological aspects as a predictive biomarker.Method: The current study was performed from the period between Jan 2015-Feb 2015 in Department of Oncology that referred to Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the Medical City. Routine staining hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) test for ER, PR and Her-2/neu expression was conducted in all cases.Results: This study includes total 30 cases of breast cancer. The age of patients were between 29-65 years with 47± 9.8 (mean ±SD). Majority of tumors are invasive ductal carcinomas represented 23(76.7%).There are significant differences between different scores were observed in IHC test for Her-2/neu status and showed 8(26.7%) out of 30 cases were positive expression.The ER and PR expression status was strongly associated and demonstrated in 21(70%) of cases.The most commune subgroup was Her-2/neu+, ER/PR+ seen in 10(33.3%) out of 30 breast cancer patients.Conclusion: HER-2/neu is positively expressed in about 26.7% of breast cancer cases.The study of ER, PR status showed higher rates of positive expression70% and was strongly associated. Using IHC examination the Her-2/neu+, ER/PR+ subgroup indicates the most common subtype 10 (33.3%) compared to other tumor subtypes in breast cancer.
Effects of alcoholic extract of panax ginseng Seeds and Tamoxifen citrate drug on some fertility parameters and histopathological changes in testes of mice treated with doxorubicin
Authors: Hasan Huda F.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this revision to examine the properties of panax gensing extract and tamoxifen citrate drug on fertility of male  mice testes treated with Doxorubicin, the plant was extracted by using 70%ethanolic alcohol. The mice were divided into five groups: The (T1) was given 300 mg / kg of extract, (T2) was given 150mg/kg of extract and 0.2mg/kg of Tamoxifen, (T3) was given Tamoxifen 0.4 mg/kg, (T4) was given distilled water. Starting from one week, T1,T2 and T3 were intraperitoneally administered 0.15mg/kg of doxorubicin twice weekly for 5 week. (T5) was treated 0.15mg/kg of doxorubicin twice weekly. Results appeared the group given extract display important increase in motility index and turdidimetric analysis of sperms, and decrease in percentage of dead sperm and abnormalitites, the group treated with extract and tamoxifen citrate drug showed important decrease in percentage of dead sperm and abnormalities and important increase in turdidimetric analysis of sperms as compared with tamoxifen group. The histopathological section of testis of doxorubicin group noticed severe degenerative changes in the wall of seminiferous tubules also atrophy in the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, the section of extract group exhibited increase in number of spermatid and spermatozoa, the section of tamoxifen appeared edema in the interstitial tissue and congestion of blood vessels, the mix of panax gensing extract and tamoxifen citrate displayed decrease in redness of vessels and tissue. From this revision established the extract of panax gensing seeds play important role in increase fertility of male mice by enhance spermatogenesis and have the ability to decrease side effect of tamoxifen citrate.