bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnolinguistic Study of Marine Fishes’ Characters of the Biak Tribe, Papua
Authors: Mofu Hengki , Arafah Burhanuddin , Malawat Insum
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to describe lexical and cultural meaning of marine fish characters from the perspective of the Biak tribe, Papua. The Ethnolinguistics method used was assisted by Charles Carpenter Fries' lexical and cultural meaning theory. Lexical or general meaning referred to denotation, while cultural meaning described the connotation of the Biak tribe. The data was obtained from an informant belonging to the Biak tribe, possessing comprehensive knowledge of the nomenclature, morphology, and cultural significance of marine fish used. Meanwhile, data was collected using interviews, recording, listening, and note-taking methods. The analysis was done by identifying fish names according to characteristics and traits before classifying them into lexical and cultural meanings. The results showed 13 types of the Biak marine fish, whose characteristics were similar to humans.
Developing EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Repertoire Through Semantic Relations Techniques
Authors: Al-Khawaldeh Nisreen N. , Khalaf Eman M. Al , Rababah Luqman M. , Al-Shboul Othman Khalid , Krishan Tamara Altabieri , Alkayid Majd M.
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the impact of teaching vocabulary through semantic relations (i.e. including hyponymy, synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, homonymy and metonyms) on the breadth and depth of EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge. A convenient sample of 50 freshman EFL learners from a state university in Jordan was recruited. The study followed an experimental approach; data were collected through pre- and post-tests over an academic term. An interview was also conducted to elicit students’ attitudes toward this vocabulary-learning strategy. The results of the ANOVA test have revealed that Jordanian EFL learners find certain difficulties concerning the identification and production of all semantic relations. They scored low in identifying semantic fields properly though they were more aware of synonyms and antonyms than others. The T-test analysis of the data revealed that the degree of awareness of the major types of semantic relations significantly differed between both tests. This implies that using this strategy has improved students' semantic awareness. Besides, students have shown positive attitudes towards using this technique asserting that it contributes to the development of their mental lexicon. The study has many pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
Excellent EFL Teachers’ Strategies for Using Seewo Interactive Whiteboard Games in Chinese Middle Schools
Authors: Yanfang Hu , Yusof Fahainis Bt Mohd
Published: August 2024

Games play a pivotal role in language education, offering a multitude of benefits for both educators and learners. With the development of digital technology, Seewo Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) games as an emerging teaching tool have been proven effective by many studies that enable direct interaction between teachers and students with the displayed content by leveraging the touch and gesture capabilities of the interactive whiteboard. This study explored the process of using Seewo IWB games by six excellent EFL teachers in Taiyuan middle schools. The study focuses on the teachers’ instructional strategies before, during, and after playing the games. By analyzing the data collected from teacher participants, the researchers aimed to gain insights into how they effectively incorporate Seewo IWB games into EFL classrooms. The findings provided valuable guidance for EFL teachers’ professional development in using digital games.
Jordanian Males’ Impoliteness Strategies While Commenting on the Physical Appearance of Females on Facebook
Authors: Sahawneh Meera B. , Al-Ali Mohammed Nahar , Al-Daher Zeyad , Alhatemi Rawan K.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine Jordanian males’ comments on females’ physical appearance on Facebook to identify the impoliteness strategies that Jordanian males utilize in online communication. The socio-cultural factors affecting the selection of impoliteness behavior in males’ comments are also investigated. As for the corpus of the study, a total of 470 comments and replies were chosen from 32 females’ picture posts posted on two different Jordanian groups on Facebook. This study draws on Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness framework. All Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness strategies except withholding impoliteness (i.e., bald-on-record, sarcasm/mock, negative, positive) were employed. It was also found that making a clear boundary between different impoliteness strategies is not easy; more than one impoliteness strategy can be realized by the same expression. Furthermore, males were found to use other additional impoliteness strategies not mentioned in Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness framework, namely, third-party implicit impoliteness, supplications, and negative interjections. The data analysis also revealed that some comments were subsumed under new categories not mentioned in previous (im)politeness frameworks: ambiguous (im)politeness and adversative (im)politeness. The use of such various strategies can be ascribed to the effect of socio-cultural and religious background on males’ behavior.
Tales of mice and men: Natural History of Arenaviruses
Authors: Rodas G. Juan David , Salvato Maria S.
Published: August 2024

Summary
Nowadays, Arenaviruses are among the most feared viruses due to their potential as weapons for bioterrorism purposes. This potential is based on their increasing diversity and the fact that they are carried by rodentswhose biologic success compares only wit insects and humans. The prototype of this family is Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus which has been and excellent tool for a myriad of discoveries in immunology. Arenaviruses have been known for over 70 years but the number of members of the family is growing thanks to their insidious subsistence in third world countries and to the nature of their genome, that makes of them sorts of skilful machines for evolution This review collects some of the work of the authors about the best-known features described for this group of viruses, among  the many still-to-be discovered characteristics of this puzzling, and hard-to-study, group of zoonotic viruses.
Resumen
En la actualidad, los arenavirus son considerados uno de los grupos de virus más temidos debido a su potencial uso como armas para el bio-terrorismo, debido a su diversidad creciente y a que son portados por roedores, cuyo éxito para sobrevivir,  y adaptarse, solo puede compararse con el de los mosquitos y los seres humanos. El prototipo de esta familia viral, el virus de la coriomeningitis linfocítica, ha servido como herramienta para una gran cantidad de descubrimientos sobre la respuesta inmune. Los arenavirus han sido conocidos por más de 70 años, pero la  familia aún sigue creciendo, gracias a su subsistencia insidiosa en los países del tercer mundo, y a su naturaleza genética, que les permite comportarse como máquinas "habilidosas" para la evolución. Esta revisión, recoge algunos de los resultados de los autores sobre los rasgos mejor conocidos, entre los muchos que aún no han sido descubiertos en grupo de virus zoonóticos, intrigante y muy difíciles de estudiar.
El espermatozoide, desde la eyaculación hasta la fertilización
Authors: Olivera A. Martha , Ruíz Tatiana , Tarazona Ariel M. , Giraldo Carlos A.
Published: August 2024

Resumen
En los últimos años se ha hecho un inmenso progreso en el entendimiento de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la maduración del gameto masculino y su tránsito desde la gónada hasta la fertilización del oocito. A lo largo de este trayecto el espermatozoide modifica su morfología y sus componentes moleculares especialmente, y además ocurren procesos que conducen a la activación para la entrada al oocito, para activar a su vez los mecanismos que conducen a la formación del zigoto. Este artículo presenta, a partir de la interpretación de la literatura actual un modelo de los eventos que se suceden a partir de la eyaculación hasta la fertilización, con énfasis en los mecanismos celulares y moleculares conocidos, y señala algunos vacíos de información aún existentes.
Palabras clave: activación, adhesión, capacitación, fusión, reacción acrosomal.
Summary
During the last recent years there has been a great increase of information  regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the maturation of the male gamete as well as its progression from the gonad up to fertilizing the oocyte. Along this way the sperm completes its maturation adding some molecular components; additionally along this trail take place all the processes leading to activation of the sperm for the entrance into the oocyte to initiates molecular cascades for the formation of a zygote. This article, based on updated literature proposes a model that integrates known cellular and molecular interactions and pinpoints some steps still requiring further research.
Pituitary tumor diagnosis using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism. A case report
Authors: Hernández Carlos , Alzate G. Gildardo J.
Published: August 2024

Summary
Cushing's disease is a common endocrine disorder of dogs, caused by persistent high concentration of cortisol in circulating blood. Almost eighty five percent of the cases of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in dogs are the result of a functional pituitary tumor or hyperplasia. Advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the best means to obtain a diagnosis of a pituitary tumor in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Moreover these imaging techniques are required to asses the size and location of the pituitary tumor when planning surgical removal of the tumor mass or of the complete pituitary gland. In Colombia, the use of these imaging techniques is very limited in the small animal practice, but it has recently become available for veterinary patients thanks to agreements with human clinical institutions. This report describes the case of an eleven year-old golden retriever with PDH as a result of a functional pituitary tumor, visualized by magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium as contrast agent.
Resumen
La enfermedad de Cushing es un trastorno endocrino común en perros causado por altas y persistentes concentraciones de cortisol en sangre. Casi el 85% de los casos de hiperadrenocorticismo espontáneo en perros son el resultado de un tumor funcional o una hiperplasia pituitaria. Las técnicas avanzadas de diagnóstico por imagen como la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) o la resonancia magnética (RM) son los mejores métodos para obtener el diagnóstico de un tumor pituitario en pacientes con hiperadrenocorticismo dependiente de la hipófisis (PDH). Además estas técnicas son necesarias para determinar el tamaño y localización del tumor pituitario cuando se planea la extracción quirúrgica de la masa o la hipófisis completa. En nuestro país, el uso de estas técnicas por imagen está muy restringido en la práctica de pequeñas especies, sin embargo recientemente han estado disponibles para los pacientes veterinarios gracias al uso de instituciones médicas humanas. En este reporte se describe el caso de un Golden retriever de 11 años con PDH como resultado de un tumor funcional pituitario, que fue visualizado usando RM utilizando gadolinio como medio de contraste.
Efecto de la Naloxona sobre la secreción pulsátil de la hormona luteinizante en vacas de doble propósito con doble ordeño y amamantamiento
Authors: Rosete Fernández Jorge V. , Villa Godoy Alejandro , Villagómez Amézcua Manjarrez Eugenio
Published: August 2024

Resumen
Se examinó el efecto de cero, una y tres inyecciones de naloxona (NX; 500 mg) el día 30 posparto a intervalos de 1 h, sobre la liberación de la hormona luteinizante (LH), en vacas de doble propósito en anestro: ¾ Europeo x ¼ Cebú (n = 18). Las vacas pastorearon en zacate Estrella de África (Cynodon plectostachyus) y gramas nativas (Axonopus y Paspalum spp.) con un consumo de 5 kg de alimento balaceado diariamente (16 % de PC). El ordeño fue mecánico dos veces al día y se realizó amamantamiento de las crías después del ordeño (30 min). Las vacas y las crías permanecieron separadas, excepto durante el amamantamiento. Se colectó una muestra de sangre cada 2 días desde el parto hasta el día 30 posparto y se cuantificó la progesterona (P) sérica por RIA. El anestro fue indicado por P < 1 ng/ml. El día 30 posparto se tomaron muestras de sangre cada 15 min durante 3 horas: una hora después de cada inyección de NX o solución salina fisiológica y se cuantificó la LH sérica por RIA. Las variables de respuesta fueron: concentración media (MLH) y basal (BLH), número (NP), amplitud (AP) y duración (DP) de pulsos de LH. Se usó un ANDEVA con parcelas divididas, parcela mayor = tratamiento y subparcela = período de muestreo. No hubo efectos (p > 0.05) de tratamiento, período y sus interacciones en las variables de respuesta. En vacas de doble propósito con doble ordeño y amamantamiento, la naloxona no cambió la secreción de la LH en el día 30 posparto.
Summary
This study determined the effect of zero, one and three intramuscular injection of naloxone (NX, 500 mg) on 30 postpartum day for 1 hour intervals over the release of the luteinizing hormone in dual purpose cows in anestrous (¾ Europe x ¼ Zebu) cows (n = 18). The cows grazed on African Star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) and native grass (Axonopus and Paspalum spp.) and ate daily 5 kg of balanced food (16% crude protein). The cows were mechanically milked twice a day and after that their calves were allowed to suck for 30 minutes. A blood sample was collected every two days, from the delivery until 30 days postpartum for the quantification of progesterone (P) by RIA. In this blood anestrous was indicated by P < 1 ng/ml. On day 30 postpartum blood samples were drawn every 15 min during 3 hours: one hour after each naloxone injection or saline solution and Luteinising Hormone (LH) was measured by RIA. The response variables were mean (MLH) and basal concentration (BLH), number (PN), amplitude (PA) and pulse duration (PD) of LH. The statistic analysis was divided plot; principal plot was the treatment and secondary plot was the samples period. There were not effects (p > 0.05) of treatment, samples period and its interactions on response variables. In double purpose cows with double milking and suckling naloxona did not affect the LH secretion at 30 day pospartum.
La influencia de las mascotas en la vida humana
Authors: Gómez G. Leonardo F. , Atehortua H. Camilo G. , Orozco P. Sonia C.
Published: August 2024

Resumen
La influencia positiva de las mascotas en la salud y bienestar de los seres humanos es bien reconocida y comprende los aspectos sicológico, fisiológico, terapéutico y sicosocial. La función como facilitadores en la terapia asistida motivacional y física de numerosas enfermedades, ha permitido que los efectos benéficos de la tenencia de animales sean empleados en el ámbito terapéutico. Adicionalmente, la compañía de mascotas se ha reconocido como un factor protector contra enfermedades cardiovasculares y reductor del estrés de sus propietarios: son un soporte sicológico, reducen la sensación de soledad y permiten la interacción de sus propietarios con el medio social que los circunda. Estas relaciones hombre-animal implican algunos riesgos zoonóticos que es necesario minimizar, en especial en personas inmunocomprometidas; es aquí donde el médico veterinario debe cumplir una importante función en la asesoría para la tenencia responsable de las mascotas. Así mismo, es esencial que el propietario conozca cuales son las obligaciones legales de la tenencia de una mascota.
Summary
The positive influence of mascots in human health and well-being has been widely recognized embracing psychological, physiological, therapeutic and psychosocial aspects. The role of facilitators in motivational and physical therapy of numerous diseases has permitted that the positive effects be used at a therapeutic level. Additionally, animals have been recognized as a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases and to reduce stress. They have also been identified as psychological support, to diminish loneliness and as a social lubricant. However, this animal-man relationship implies some zoonotic risk, which is necessary to lessen, especially with immunecompromised persons. Veterinarians must act as consultants for a responsible animal ownership.
Vías implicadas en la luteólisis bovina
Authors: Olivera A. Martha , Tarazona Ariel M. , Ruíz Tatiana , Giraldo Carlos A.
Published: August 2024

Resumen
El cuerpo lúteo es una glándula endocrina transitoria que produce progesterona durante un tiempo determinado por la gestación. Cuando no hay preñez, el cuerpo lúteo sufre un proceso de regresión conocido como luteólisis, el cual divide en: funcional, por la pérdida de la capacidad de sintetizar progesterona; y estructural, por la pérdida de integridad celular. La luteólisis es inducida principalmente por la PGF2α, y de manera secundaria a través de otras rutas paralelas mediadas por calcio, citoquinas, especies reactivas de oxígeno y endotelinas. Todos estos factores conducen finalmente a la inhibición de la esteroidogénesis y/o en la inducción de la apoptosis. En este artículo tratamos de integrar la información disponible en la literatura y proponemos un mapa de los eventos celulares y moleculares que dan cuenta de este fenómeno fundamental en la reproducción de la especie bovina.
Summary
The corpus luteum is a transient gland that produces progesterone during a period of time that is determined by the length of gestation. When there is no gestation the corpus luteum undergoes regression, a process commonly known as luteolysis. This process has been divided in: functional, since there is a lost of the capacity to synthesize progesterone; and structural, because there is a disruption of the cellular structure. PGF2α, is the principal luteolytic factor, but there are other parallel pathway mediated by calcium, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and endothelins. All these routes end up in inhibition of steroidogenesis and/or apoptosis. In this article we try to integrate the information present in the literature and propose a map depicting the major cellular and molecular events taking place in this process that is fundamental en bovine reproduction.
Corrección quirúrgica de infarto de intestino delgado en un equino mediante yeyunocecostomía con grapadora quirúrgica mecánica
Authors: Duque B. Diego L. , Coral D. Elizabeth , Bran José
Published: August 2024

Summary
A 7- years-old criollo colombiano stallion was referred to the Large Animal Hospital Centro de Veterinaria y Zootecnia CES (Envigado, Colombia) because of an acute abdominal syndrome that had persisted for seven hours despite medical treatment. On physical examination the stallion was depressed, dehydrated (6%), borborygmi were diminished, rectal temperature was 37.1 °C 37.1 °C, hearth and respiration rates , hearth and respiration rates hearth and respiration rates were 40 beats/min and 28 breaths/min, respectively. On rectal examination and abdominal ultrasonography small intestine was distended. Peritoneal fluid analysis was altered. Signs of pain were nonresponsive to analgesics. The diagnosis by exploratory laparotom laparotomy was infarction of small intestine (seven meters of the y was infarction of small intestine (seven meters of the was infarction of small intestine (seven meters of the infarction of small intestine (seven meters of the of small intestine (seven meters of the jejunum and proximal portion of the ileum) of unknown etiology. A jejunocecostomy was done using a GIA etiology. A jejunocecostomy was done using a GIA . A jejunocecostomy was done using a GIA 80 surgical stapler (United Surgical). Postsurgical recuperation was successful. This case becomes the first report of a jejunocecostomy in a horse in Colombia.
Hemangioma cavernoso, tumor mamariomixto maligno y un proceso leucémicosimultáneos en una perra. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Ortíz Álvarez José F , Ramírez Coral Fabio
Published: August 2024

Summary
A poodle female dog presented clinical and haematological signs compatible with an illness produced by Rickettsia, at the same time a big size mass was found in the mammary gland. After the diagnostic tastes, a big tumour was also found in the liver being compatible with haemangioma. After the euthanasia was done to the patient and histhopathological studies were done, a cavernous haemangioma was diagnosed, a mixed malignant mammary tumour and a process compatible with leukaemia.
Síndrome de médula espinal anclada en un cachorro bulldog inglés. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Acevedo Carlos M. , Martínez Z. María Del P. , Ruíz S. Isabel , Ramírez Víctor L. , Balvin Dubel , González D. María S.
Published: August 2024

Summary
Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a developmental disease diagnosed in human but of rare report in small animal practice. In this report a case of spinal disrafism, spina bifida with menyngocele, tethered cord syndrome and dermoid sinus is described in a four months old English bulldog male, that presented a clinical condition of faecal incontinence, muscular atrophy in pelvic limbs and ataxia. The diagnostic procedure, treatment and evolution of the patient are described. The purpose of this report is to provide the practitioner with diagnostic tools to include a neurological entity as a differential diagnosis when attending a patient presenting clinical signs such as fecal and urinary incontinency, ataxia and pelvic limbs debility, in dogs of breeds predisposed to suffering this syndrome; in addition, to highlight this neurological pathologies that could be under diagnosed in most of the cases.
Key words: canine dermoid sinus, canine menyngocele, spina bifida, spinal disraphism, tethered spinal cord.
Residuos de fármacos en alimentos de origen animal: panorama actual en Colombia
Authors: Lozano A. María C. , Arias M. Diana C.
Published: August 2024

Summary
According to worldwide reference organizations, drugs residues in animal products are risk factors in public health and economic limit on any country. Besides, quality requirements demanded in exported food are higher with development of more sensible analytical methods. Promotion of native products to international markets is fundamental in Colombian policies; indeed it has been necessary reforming procedures, generating new regulations, and renewing technological capacity to control drug residues in food of animal origin in order to fulfill requirements demanded from interested countries. This review exposes several aspects related to drug residues on animal tissues: national and international regulations, effects on human health, analytical methods for detect them, risk assessment, control and current research in Colombia.
Simplificación de la fertilización de ovocitos durante la producción in vitro de embriones bovinos
Authors: Urrego Rodrigo A. , Tarazona Ariel M. , Olivera A. Martha , Camargo Omar
Published: August 2024

Summary
This study was conducted to evaluate an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure that avoids the washingselection-centrifugation of spermatozoa prior to coincubation with oocytes. A special dish was constructed as follows: in the middle of each of the 4-wells of a conventional plastic dish (larger wells), another little (≈50 μl) glass dish (inner well) was placed (0.3 mm-tall x 0.8 mm in diameter), in such a way that when the larger plate was filled with 700 μl of IVF media (Fert-TALP), the inner well was also filled up to overflowing. Ten in vitro matured oocytes were set into the inner well, and 30 μl of thawed semen were placed on the bottom of the outer well. After one hour of incubation, the media from the outer well was removed, and the well with the remaining media and the germ cells, were incubated for 16 hours. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in a CR1aa media for seven days with a culture media replace at 72 h. As a control, a conventional IVF, using the classical 45-90% Percoll gradient selection, was carried out. The cleavage rates (70.8 vs. 73.1) and the proportion of oocytes reaching morula and blastocyst stages (18.8 vs. 20.3) by the "easy-IVF" were similar to the results obtained by the classical method (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the two methods yield similar results but the "easy-IVF" definitely saves time, human effort, reagents, and after all reduces the manipulation of the sperm with eventual good effects in the long run toward improving in vitro reproduction procedures.
Paratuberculosis bovina: ¿conocemos la situación real de la enfermedad en la ganadería colombiana?
Authors: Zapata R. Margarita M. , Rodas G. Juan David , Maldonado Estrada Juan Guillermo
Published: August 2024

Summary
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiologic agent of a severe granulomatous gastroenteritis in ruminants, known as bovine paratuberculosis or Johne's disease and characterized by persistent diarrhea and progressive emaciation that finally cause death. Calves under 6 months of age are the most susceptible to this bacterial infection by transplacental route, milk consumption or grassland contaminated feeding and although, they do not show clinical signs until they are 2 to 5 years old (incubation period), they commonly spread Map through their feces. A remarkable difficulty concerning Johne´s disease is its lack of appropriate treatment; therefore any control scheme must be focused in identification of infected animals by reliable diagnostic tests before the appearance of clinical manifestations, in order to avoid dissemination of the infection to animals of the same or different herd, particularly when marketing possible asymptomatic animals. The infection has a worldwide distribution and it is responsible of important economic losses in cattle industry. Bear to us, the disease has been reported in dairy herds of the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros (Antioquia), but it is thought that there are many other infected regions, which makes more prominent the need of efficient methods for Map detection for rapid diagnosis and efficient control of the dissemination of the infection. In this review, we highlight some important features of bovine paratuberculosis and provide some insight regarding probable research perspectives of this disease.
Carcinoma en adenoma pleomórfico de glándula salival en un perro. Reporte de un caso
Authors: González D. María S. , Ruíz S. Isabel , Alzate G. Gildardo J. , García Dálida L.
Published: August 2024

Summary
Carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma is a malignant mixed tumor that often stems from the parotid gland epithelial, consisting of benign substance, mioepithelium and mucoid, myxoid, cartilage or bone components; unlike humans where it occurs often this tumor is of rare occurrence in animals. This case report is intended to review the case of a canine, male golden retriever patient which was submitted to Centro de veterinaria y zootecnia at Universidad CES (Medellin, Colombia) for weight loss and poor appetite lasting for about five months or longer. The clinical examination revealed a mass in the cervical region of the skull. Relevant laboratory tests and complete radiographic study were performed that revealed a mass with ossification trabecules. A biopsy was performed to obtain a mass sample for histopathological evaluation. At ultrasound examination the commitment of the vascular structures or other important structures was evaluated and a final decision to perform surgery for removing the mass was done, also for histopathological study. The microscopic findings support the diagnosis of carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. Initial recovery of the patient was at the veterinary hospital and was then successfully completed at home with no clinical complications, but a non-productive cough for several days possibly associated with the surgical manipulation. The patient evolved to improved weight gain and normal consumption of food with no clinical compromises.
GEPRO: Gene Expression Profiler for DNA microarray data
Authors: Kim Beob G. , Lindemann Merlin D, , Bridges Phillip J. , Ko CheMyong
Published: August 2024

Summary
The DNA microarray technology has been widely employed in recent biological research. However, the unprecedented large amount of data produced by the technology has presented inevitable challenges to biological scientists, forcing individual researchers to take extensive training or rely on database specialists for the use of the data. Microsoft Excel® has a number of convenient functions and may be the most widely used spreadsheet package for data storage and manipulation. Therefore, we developed a userfriendly, Excel spreadsheet-based microarray data-managing program. The program, gene expression profiler (GEPRO), is designed to facilitate organizing miocroarray data, performing statistical analysis, and displaying the results. Using GEPRO's filtering and sorting capabilities, a user can easily identify differentially expressed genes, display the expression profiles of the genes of interest, and present and save the analyzed data in a user-defined way. The versatility and utility of GEPRO should enable bench work researchers to maximize the use of their microarray data. The GEPRO is freely available for noncommercial users at http://www.mc.uky.edu/cls/ko/gepro1.html.
Componentes anatómicos y coeficientes alométricos en cerdos machos castrados desde el nacimiento
Authors: Casas Gloria A. , Afanador Germán , Rodríguez Daniel
Published: August 2024

Summary
This paper describes the changes in anatomic components such as carcass, viscera and organs in commercial genotype barrows from birth to 273 days old. The relationships between them were quantified by using allometric equations. To analyze the changes in anatomic components, 39 terminal cross barrows (four per age) were slaughtered. The barrows were 1, 21, 63, 99, 126, 154, 175, 210, 239 and 273 days old. Descriptive statistics were used and six allometric equations were evaluated. Empty body weight, carcass weight, total viscera mass and total red and white viscera mass showed a quadratic linear trend in relation to live weight. Carcass weight trend was linear (p < 0.0001) with regard to empty body weight. Evaluated organs increased their weight in a linear, quadratic and cubic way except for the spleen, whose trend was linear (P < 0.001). The same ratios (linear-quadratic) were observed in red, white and total viscera weight (p < 0.01). The equations that best described the relationship between body weight and the different body components and organs were the increased allometric and the linearized allometric equations. The intercept values obtained for the evaluated equations were different from the ones reported in the literature, probably due to the high selection pressure imposed on swine genotypes used for pork production. This selection pressure may imply physiological and anatomical changes.
Chromium – An essential mineral
Authors: Lindemann Merlin D. , Cho Jin H , Wang M Q
Published: August 2024

Summary
The status of chromium (Cr) is not a new question. Cr is clearly an essential nutrient; this is a position that has been held for over three decades by individual scientists, groups of scientists, and governmental committees. The most uniform response across species with regard to Cr deficiency symptoms that are responsive to Cr supplementation are alterations in glucose metabolism with special reference to peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin. Because the body's ability to control blood glucose is critical to many life functions, and loss of ability to adequately control blood glucose can lead to many health debilitations, a consequence of Cr supplementation can be improved health and reproductive outcomes as well as improved survival rate or life span.
Interacción de los suelos sulfatados ácidos con el agua y sus efectos en la sobrevivencia del bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae) en cultivo
Authors: Pardo Carrasco Sandra C. , Suárez Mahecha Héctor , Pertuz Buelvas Vicente M.
Published: August 2024

Summary
Aquaculture in coastal areas grows rapidly. For fish ponds construction, soil is dug and used as material for the conformation of dikes, frequently originating the exposure of Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS) containing extreme acidity, a saturation percentage less than 50% and exchangeable aluminum higher than 5 Cmol+Kg-1. When ASS is exposed to air, iron pyrite (FeS2) oxidizes (FeSO4) and produces H2SO4whose dissociation in water reduces pH values inferior to 4. Flooded SSA may have a pH between 5 and 7; nevertheless, when they are drained and exposed to air pH drops to 2 or 3. A 1.5ha pond was built in the municipality of Cotorra (Córdoba), removing and exposing soil. Then, it was flooded with wetland water (pH 6.5; OD 3 mg/l; alkalinity 120 mg/l) and cultured with 10.000 bocachico alevins; an hour later, all fish were dead. In order to determine the possible cause of death, soil, water and gills were analyzed. The soil analysis showed an ASS with acid pH, high content of organic matter and high levels of S, Fe and Mn. Water analysis showed a lethal pH for most of the fish; likewise Fe, Al and CO2 levels were above acceptable maximum. Microcirculatory alteration in gill's lamellar was found. It is suggested that the cause of death of bocachicos was the acidity of water due to the Na+/H+ exchange inhibition in gills caused by H+ and Al+ excess. This situation affected the permeability of gill epithelium increasing the loss of ions and the alteration of osmoregulation. It is evident that ASS absorb and release nutrients, exchanging substances with water and, this way, affecting their quality.
Primer caso de platinosomosis en Colombia: Platynosomum illiciens (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) en Felis catus, Turbo, Antioquia
Authors: Lenis Vélez Carolina , Navarro Fernando , Velez Imelda
Published: August 2024

Summary
Platinosomosis is a liver disease caused by Digeneans of the genus Platynosomum Looss, 1907, that affects birds and mammals in tropical and subtropical areas. The high incidence of the disease in cats has allowed to obtain detailed information about the life cycle of the parasite, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. In 2002, in Turbo, Antioquia, we detected a cat (Felis catus) with poor body condition, hair loss, extreme thinness, swollen belly and significant symptoms of liver disease. Given the severity of the disease, the cat was euthanized and the autopsy found digeneans from Dicrocoeliidae family in the liver cysts. This paper aims to establish the taxonomic specificity of the parasite and bring forward the case by describing the clinical symptoms. The digenea was identified as Platynosomum illiciens and the clinical signs are typical of this disease, its diagnosis suggests a coprological review with an ultrasound exam. We recommend making a focus study on Turbo Antioquia, considering its wide distribution in the Caribbean region and neighboring countries. This study is the first case of platinosomosis in Colombia.
MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF OBJECTSOF LAW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, POLTORATSKA Alona
Published: August 2024

Background. In the contemporary landscape, research universities play a pivotal role in the creation of new knowledge and technologies. The commercialization of intellectual property rights (IPR) originating from these universities can yield substantial economic and social benefits. The effective management of intellectual property commercialization stands as a crucial determinant of the success of research universities. Various models exist for managing the commercialization of intellectual property, each with its own set of merits and demerits. It has been established that the successful commercialization of IPR from research universities is not merely a pursuit of maximizing commercial gains from scientific discoveries and developments, but also serves as the bedrock for long-term partnerships and future economic benefits for university science and industry. The goal was to study the existing practices of commercialization of IPPR in the world's leading research universities and their adaptation to Ukrainian realities, considering national characteristics. Methods. The study employed a range of rigorous research methods, including analysis of literary sources, comparative and statistical analysis, and generalization. These methods were chosen to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. The results. The study analyzed management models of IPPR commercialization in different countries worldwide. It systematized the forms, functions, and results of foreign models of IPR commercialization. It revealed each model's features, advantages, and disadvantages. A model of OPV commercialization at a research university in Ukraine is proposed. Conclusions. It was revealed that effective management of the commercialization of IPR is an important factor for the successful development of a research university. Taking into account the specifics of the research university, the selection and implementation of the optimal management model for the commercialization of IPR can significantly increase the effectiveness of this process.
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR COMPANIES FACING TODAY'S CHALLENGES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, SEVERYNA Iryna , FYLIUK Halyna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, SKOPENKO Natalia ,   Educational and Research Institute of Economics and Management National University of Food Technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. Adapting to unforeseen economic, political, and social changes in wartime conditions, companies are focused on identifying new opportunities for profitable growth. Business entities are shifting from organic to inorganic growth strategies, using such tools as mergers and acquisitions (M&A), which ensure increased competitiveness and rapid adaptation to present conditions. The study aims to explore the ways for companies to develop in the face of current challenges, taking into account the impact of the negative and positive trends in the M&A market in Ukraine. The object of the study is the transformation pathways of domestic companies in a turbulent market environment, while the subject is the M&A market in Ukraine. Methods. The study uses the methods of systemic and comparative analysis, generalization, and graphical and tabular methods. Results. The ways of development of Ukrainian companies during the war are studied. Attention is focused on the adjustments to their strategies that have taken place in recent years. The dynamics of M&A deals in Ukraine in 2017-2023 are analyzed. The factors that negatively affect business in the country are identified, and their impact has become even stronger in the current environment. The most attractive sectors of Ukraine for investment are revealed. In 2022, the largest deals took place in the IT and telecommunications sectors, whereas in 2023, there was a revival of deals in the construction, logistics, and agricultural sectors. The key indicators are described, which are extremely important for current monitoring to make informed decisions on corporate consolidation. It is emphasized that in wartime conditions, with an increased number of risks, the range of performance indicators for evaluating companies' effectiveness has expanded. Conclusions. Emphasis is placed on the main motives of investors for concluding M&A deals in Ukraine (acquisition of competitors, purchasing businesses at attractive prices, diversification of activities, etc.). A necessary condition for concluding deals will be conducting due diligence (DueD), a procedure that will confirm the reliability of the partner company. DueD will facilitate obtaining comprehensive information about the company's status in various areas of operation (financial, operational, legal, tax, commercial, environmental, etc.), confirming the possibility of achieving the expected complementary and synergistic effects from combining efforts in modern economic conditions.
CONCEPT OF LOW-CARBON MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEORY AND TRANSITION MECHANISMS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, SYMONENKO Olena , TSYGANOV Serhii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. The research proposes to incorporate provisions of the scientific approach of new climate policy into the theory of a low-carbon economy. The aim of the research is to justify the role of cities, sustainable land use, and energy efficiency in climate change mitigation. The object of the research is the role of international organizations, governments, businesses, and other stakeholders in the implementation of transition mechanisms. The subject of the research is a global vision of financing instruments that enable a technological transition to a low-carbon economy. Methods. To achieve the objective the research was based on standard scientific methods. A normative approach was used to aggregate theoretical views presented in scientific publications available in free search and electronic databases of research institutions and international organizations that work on climate change. Results. The research testifies that combating climate change must be a collective effort. No single country can tackle the problem independently. Thus far, the global agenda sets a goal to develop mechanisms to transition from conventional economic development models with associated expenditures to low-carbon models with respective benefits. Major international organizations are set to lead the process of defining suitable financing instruments to streamline this transition. Conclusions. The main differences between the conventional economy and the low-carbon economy are attributable to sustainability mechanisms. The introduction of modern technologies not only reduces carbon emissions which are an anthropological driver of climate change, but also increases carbon absorption. The scientific approach of the "new climate policy" envisages the implementation of strategies and projects that will noticeably improve the quality of life. However, in addition to the economic benefits, the low-carbon economy can lead to significant losses at the global, national, and local levels. Thus, the scientific community has started exploring transition risks. Any progress in achieving decarbonization goals depends on the integrity of accounting systems, monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon emissions. Quantitative emissions indicators will largely define carbon pricing policies and incentive instruments to spur a low-carbon economy. Unified, open-access climate database Net-Zero Data Public Utility, launched in 2022, is a digital tool that paves the way for smart climate policies under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
IMPROVEMENT OF COMPUTER SYSTEM PROTECTION ASSESSMENT METHODS AGAINST HARMFUL SOFTWARE CODE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dakov Serhii , Lapteva Тetiana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. The issue of ensuring information security (IS) of state information systems today is not only not losing relevance, but with the development of the concept of eGovernment in countries and an increase in the number of e-services, it is becoming increasingly important. Methods. The work used the method of analyzing the evaluation of the protection of the computer system against malicious software code, with the help of the method of optimization and evaluation of the protection of the computer system, the method of malicious software code was improved. Results. The work improving the method of assessing the information security of computer systems from malicious software includes a recommendatory aspect of building e-government. Conclusions. Cybersecurity threats, such as spam, phishing, spyware, and botnets, pose challenges for governments, especially for such young governments in any developing country. Malicious authors (hackers) create new combined threats to counter the security of the information system. New threats make it possible to bypass system firewalls, workstation configurations and various other intrusion detection systems. Many governments are working on cybersecurity legislation to help protect consumers and themselves. Some legislative efforts are focused on establishing government structures to provide support against systemic attacks. Some government legislation has been designed to prosecute criminals in order to deter criminal activity. The legislation has well developed a basis for the detection, analysis and internal prevention of malicious software. To effectively manage cybersecurity threats, governments must be involved from the beginning of the process to the end of the process. Businesses need to know where and to whom to report security risk information, and the government needs to support it. Improving the method of assessing the information security of computer systems from malicious software contains a recommendatory aspect of building an electronic government. The steps of building e-government, in contrast to the existing ones, differ in the completeness of the content of each stage of building e-government.
Efectos adversos secundarios a Anfotericina B Liposomal
Authors: Coronel Claudia , Méndez Cecilia , Battaglia Paolo , Llanes Gloria , Melo Camila , Vallejos Maisa
Published: August 2024

La anfotericina B liposomal se ha utilizado en reemplazo de la anfotericina B desoxicolato para disminuir sus efectos adversos asociados, especialmente la nefrotoxicidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 47 años, sin enfermedad cardíaca previa, con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral, que presentó miocarditis, rabdomiólisis y polineuropatía periférica posterior al tratamiento con anfotericina B liposomal. Este caso resalta la importancia de considerar los efectos adversos tras la administración de anfotericina B liposomal.
Endocarditis por Haemophilus aphrophilus
Authors: Jiménez-Bogado Daisy Leticia , Llanes-de Luraschi Gloria Raquel , Battaglia-Ocampos Paolo German , León-Stimson Renata María , Insaurralde-Franco Eliana Belén
Published: August 2024

La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una enfermedad causada por microorganismos que se asientan principalmente en las válvulas cardiacas. Frecuentemente ocurren por laceraciones orales, gastrointestinales y urogenitales, además de procedimientos médicos que pueden causar bacteriemia la cual conlleva a adherencia bacteriana e inflamación local y éstas a destrucción valvular(1,2). Las bacterias grampositivas son mayoritariamente asociadas a EI, y en menor proporción, las del grupo HACEK, saprofitos de la orofaringe, que son responsables de menos del 5% de casos(2-4). Se presenta el caso de un varón de 23 años con cuadro de 1 mes de evolución de sensación febril, sudoración y astenia; al que posteriormente se agrega tos productiva. Se plantea foco probable cardiológico por antecedentes y hallazgos físicos, retornando aislamiento del germen Haemophilus aphrophilus, microorganismo poco habitual.
EL PROBLEMA DE LOS DOS CUERPOS Y EL PROBLEMA PRINCIPAL DEL SATELITE ARTIFICIAL EN ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE PRIMER ORDEN
Authors: Portilla B. José Gregorio
Published: August 2024

Se presenta una deducción de las ecuaciones diferenciales de primer orden que rigen el problema de los dos cuerpos en tres dimensiones tomando como variables la velocidad, el azimut, el ángulo de vuelo y las coordenadas esféricas. También se incluye la deducción de las ecuaciones cuando se presenta la fuerza de perturbación generada por el achatamiento del cuerpo central. La transformación directa entre éstas y las coordenadas rectangulares (y la inversa) es expuesta.