bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Possible Genotoxic Activity of Dirithromycin in Cultured Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Kayraldız Ahmet , Dönbak Lale , Yavuz Kocaman Ayşe , Köker Esra , Gökçe Şule
Published: October 2015

Dirithromycin antibiotic is a 14-membered lactone ring macrolide and is widely used in medicine to treat many different types of bacterial infections. In the present study, the possible genotoxicity of dirithromycin was evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes by using sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests and also cell proliferation kinetics such as mitotic index (MI), replication index (RI), and nuclear division index (NDI) were analyzed for cytotoxicity. Cell cultures were treated with four different concentrations of dirithromycin (37.75, 67.50, 125, and 250 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h periods. Dirithromycin significantly induced SCE and MN frequency at all concentrations in both 24 and 48 h treated cells. In addition, CA level has been markedly increased in the cells treated with almost all concentrations of dirithromycin for 24 (except 37.75 µg/mL) and 48 h treatment periods as compared to control. However, MI, RI, and NDI values were not affected by the dirithromycin treatment (p> 0.05). The results of this study indicated that dirithromycin treatment caused genetic damage by increasing the level of cytogenetic endpoints, suggesting its genotoxic and mutagenic action on human lymphocytesin vitro.
Designing of Elastoplastic Adaptive Truss Structures with the Use of Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Szklarski Jacek , Wikło Marcin
Published: October 2015

In the paper we demonstrate how Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can be employed to solve the Adaptive Impact Absorption (AIA) problem. We consider a truss structure which is subjected to impact loads. Stiff bars can be replaced by elastoplastic fuses which control theirs dynamical response. The point of optimization is to maximize or minimize a given objective function by redesigning the structure. This is realized by redistributing the initial mass, finding proper fuse localizations and adjusting, in real-time, the elastoplastic limits. Comparing to the previous results, we show that PSO is capable of achieving results at least as good as gradient-based optimization, having at the same time much larger flexibility regarding the definition of the objective function. This gives significantly broader field of potential applications. In particular, we present how PSO can be used to solve the simultaneous optimization problem: mass redistribution and fuse positioning for a set of expected, various impacts.
Exercise and BMI in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kelley George A. , Kelley Kristi S. , Pate Russell R.
Published: October 2015

Objective. Determine the effects of exercise on body mass index (BMI in kg·m−2) among overweight and obese children and adolescents.Methods. Trial sequential meta-analysis of randomized controlled exercise intervention trials ≥ 4 weeks and published up to November 11, 2014.Results. Of the 5,436 citations screened, 20 studies representing 971 boys and girls were included. Average length, frequency, and duration of training were 13 weeks, 3 times per week, for 46 minutes per session. Overall, random-effects models showed that exercise decreased BMI by 3.6% (mean: −1.08; 95% CI: −0.52 to −1.64;Q=231.4;p<0.001;I2=90.9%; 95% CI: 87.6% to 93.4%;D2=91.5%). Trial sequential meta-analysis showed that changes in BMI crossed the monitoring boundary for a type 1 error in 2010, remaining stable thereafter. The number needed to treat was 5 while the percentile improvement was 26.9. It was estimated that approximately 2.5 million overweight and obese children in the US and 22.0 million overweight and obese children worldwide could reduce their BMI by participating in a regular exercise program. Overall quality of evidence was rated as moderate.Conclusions. Exercise is associated with improvements in BMI among overweight and obese children and adolescents. This trial is registered with PROSPERO Trial Registration #CRD42015017586.
INDIGO: An In Situ Distributed Gossip Framework for Sensor Networks
Authors: Ramanan Paritosh , Kamath Goutham , Song Wen-Zhan
Published: October 2015

With the onset of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), distributed algorithms on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been receiving renewed attention. The distributed consensus problem is a well studied problem having a myriad of applications which can be accomplished using asynchronous distributed gossip algorithms on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, a practical realization of gossip algorithms for WSNs is found lacking in the current state of the art. In this paper, we propose the design, development, and analysis of a novel in situ distributed gossip framework called INDIGO. A key aspect of INDIGO is its ability to perform on a generic system platform as well as on a hardware oriented testbed platform in a seamless manner allowing easy portability of existing algorithms. We evaluate the performance of INDIGO with respect to the distributed consensus problem as well as the distributed optimization problem. We also present a data driven analysis of the effect certain operating parameters like sleep time and wait time have on the performance of the framework and empirically attempt to determine asweet spot. The results obtained from various experiments on INDIGO validate its efficacy, reliability, and robustness and demonstrate its utility as a framework for the evaluation and implementation of asynchronous distributed algorithms.
Computational and Pharmacological Target of Neurovascular Unit for Drug Design and Delivery
Authors: Islam Md. Mirazul , Mohamed Zahurin
Published: October 2015

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic and highly selective permeable interface between central nervous system (CNS) and periphery that regulates the brain homeostasis. Increasing evidences of neurological disorders and restricted drug delivery process in brain make BBB as special target for further study. At present, neurovascular unit (NVU) is a great interest and highlighted topic of pharmaceutical companies for CNS drug design and delivery approaches. Some recent advancement of pharmacology and computational biology makes it convenient to develop drugs within limited time and affordable cost. In this review, we briefly introduce current understanding of the NVU, including molecular and cellular composition, physiology, and regulatory function. We also discuss the recent technology and interaction of pharmacogenomics and bioinformatics for drug design and step towards personalized medicine. Additionally, we develop gene network due to understand NVU associated transporter proteins interactions that might be effective for understanding aetiology of neurological disorders and new target base protective therapies development and delivery.
Actinobacteria from Termite Mounds Show Antiviral Activity against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, a Surrogate Model for Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Padilla Marina Aiello , Rodrigues Rodney Alexandre Ferreira , Bastos Juliana Cristina Santiago , Martini Matheus Cavalheiro , Barnabé Ana Caroline de Souza , Kohn Luciana Konecny , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Bomfim Getúlio Freitas , Afonso Rafael Sanches , Fantinatti-Garboggini Fabiana , Arns Clarice Weis
Published: October 2015

Extracts from termite-associated bacteria were evaluated forin vitroantiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Two bacterial strains were identified as active, with percentages of inhibition (IP) equal to 98%. Both strains were subjected to functional analysis via the addition of virus and extract at different time points in cell culture; the results showed that they were effective as posttreatments. Moreover, we performed MTT colorimetric assays to identify the CC50, IC50, and SI values of these strains, and strain CDPA27 was considered the most promising. In parallel, the isolates were identified asStreptomycesthrough 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Specifically, CDPA27 was identified asS. chartreusis. The CDPA27 extract was fractionated on a C18-E SPE cartridge, and the fractions were reevaluated. A 100% methanol fraction was identified to contain the compound(s) responsible for antiviral activity, which had an SI of 262.41. GC-MS analysis showed that this activity was likely associated with the compound(s) that had a peak retention time of 5 min. Taken together, the results of the present study provide new information for antiviral research using natural sources, demonstrate the antiviral potential ofStreptomyces chartreusiscompounds isolated from termite mounds against BVDV, and lay the foundation for further studies on the treatment of HCV infection.
Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Interstitial Hernia: Laparoscopic Approach
Authors: Alvarez Gallesio J. M. , Schlottmann F. , Sadava E. E.
Published: October 2015

Interstitial hernias are a rare entity. Most of them are detected incidentally on imaging studies. We present a case of abdominal bowel obstruction secondary to interstitial hernia on the fifth postoperative day of an open incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis and led to an accurate treatment avoiding a new laparotomy. In this case, prompt surgical decision based on clinical and CT scan findings allowed a mini-invasive approach with satisfactory outcome.
The Effects of Gender Differences in Patients with Depression on Their Emotional Working Memory and Emotional Experience
Authors: Li Mi , Lu Shengfu , Wang Gang , Zhong Ning
Published: October 2015

A large amount of research has been conducted on the effects of sex hormones on gender differences in patients with depression, yet research on cognitive differences between male and female patients with depression is insufficient. This study uses emotion pictures to investigate the differences of the emotional working memory ability and emotional experience in male and female patients with depression. Despite identifying that the working memory of patients with depression is impaired, our study found no significant gender differences in emotional working memory. Moreover, the research results revealed that memory effects of mood congruence are produced in both men and women, which may explain why the depression state can be maintained. Furthermore, female patients have more emotional experiences than male patients, which is particularly significant in terms of negative emotional experiences. This result provides cognitive evidence to explain why women suffer from longer terms of depression, are more susceptible to relapse, and can more easily suffer from major depressive disorder in the future.
Intelligent Ramp Control for Incident Response Using Dyna-QArchitecture
Authors: Lu Chao , Zhao Yanan , Gong Jianwei
Published: October 2015

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great potential for motorway ramp control, especially under the congestion caused by incidents. However, existing applications limited to single-agent tasks and based onQ-learning have inherent drawbacks for dealing with coordinated ramp control problems. For solving these problems, a Dyna-Qbased multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) system named Dyna-MARL has been developed in this paper. Dyna-Qis an extension ofQ-learning, which combines model-free and model-based methods to obtain benefits from both sides. The performance of Dyna-MARL is tested in a simulated motorway segment in the UK with the real traffic data collected from AM peak hours. The test results compared with Isolated RL and noncontrolled situations show that Dyna-MARL can achieve a superior performance on improving the traffic operation with respect to increasing total throughput, reducing total travel time and CO2emission. Moreover, with a suitable coordination strategy, Dyna-MARL can maintain a highly equitable motorway system by balancing the travel time of road users from different on-ramps.
Cancer Immunotherapy with Immunomodulatory Anti-CD137 and Anti–PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Requires BATF3-Dependent Dendritic Cells
Authors: Sánchez-Paulete Alfonso R. , Cueto Francisco J. , Martínez-López María , Labiano Sara , Morales-Kastresana Aizea , Rodríguez-Ruiz María E. , Jure-Kunkel Maria , Azpilikueta Arantza , Aznar M. Angela , Quetglas José I. , Sancho David , Melero Ignacio
Published: October 2015

Weak and ineffective antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses can be rescued by immunomodulatory mAbs targeting PD-1 or CD137. Using Batf3−/− mice, which are defective for cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens, we show that BATF3-dependent dendritic cells (DC) are essential for the response to therapy with anti-CD137 or anti–PD-1 mAbs. Batf3−/− mice failed to prime an endogenous CTL-mediated immune response toward tumor-associated antigens, including neoantigens. As a result, the immunomodulatory mAbs could not amplify any therapeutically functional immune response in these mice. Moreover, administration of systemic sFLT3L and local poly-ICLC enhanced DC-mediated cross-priming and synergized with anti–CD137- and anti–PD-1–mediated immunostimulation in tumor therapy against B16-ovalbumin–derived melanomas, whereas this function was lost in Batf3−/− mice. These experiments show that cross-priming of tumor antigens by FLT3L- and BATF3-dependent DCs is crucial to the efficacy of immunostimulatory mAbs and represents a very attractive point of intervention to enhance their clinical antitumor effects.

Significance: Immunotherapy with immunostimulatory mAbs is currently achieving durable clinical responses in different types of cancer. We show that cross-priming of tumor antigens by BATF3-dependent DCs is a key limiting factor that can be exploited to enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti–PD-1 and anti-CD137 immunostimulatory mAbs. Cancer Discov; 6(1); 71–9. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by Robert-Tissot and Speiser, p. 17.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Protective Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Experimental Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovary
Authors: Bakacak Murat , Bostanci Mehmet Suhha , İnanc Fatma , Yaylali Asli , Serin Salih , Attar Rukset , Yildirim Gazi , Yildirim Ozge Kizilkale
Published: October 2015

Background/Aims: Ovarian torsion is a common cause of local ischemic damage, reduced follicular activity and infertility. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors with demonstrated cytoprotective properties; so we evaluated PRP efficacy in a rat ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Methods: Sixty adult female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 8 animals each: Sham, Ischemia, I/R, Sham + PRP, I + PRP and I/R + PRP; and the remaining 12 used to prepare PRP. Ischemia groups were subjected to bilateral adnexal torsion for 3 h, while I/R and I/R + PRP groups received subsequent detorsion for 3 h. Intraperitoneal PRP was administered 30 min prior to ischemia (Ischemia + PRP) or reperfusion (I/R + PRP). Results: Total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total ovarian histopathological scores were higher in Ischemia and I/R groups than in the Sham group (p < 0.05). PRP decreased mean TOS, OSI and histopathological scores in I + PRP and I/R + PRP groups compared to the corresponding Ischemia and I/R groups (p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between total histopathological score and OSI (r = 0.877, p < 0.001). Peritoneal vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly higher in PRP-treated groups than corresponding untreated groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PRP is effective for the prevention of ischemia and reperfusion damage in rat ovary.
Complement Split Products C3a/C5a and Receptors: Are They Regulated by Circulating Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Autoantibody in Severe Preeclampsia?
Authors: Ye Yuanhua , Kong Yujie , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2015

Background: This study measured the serum levels of complement component (C)3a and C5a and the placental expressions of C3a receptor (R) and C5aR to determine a potential correlation with circulating angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1-AA) in severe pre-eclampsia. Methods: A total of 118 women were recruited and divided into 2 groups: the control group (normotensive preterm pregnancies, n = 66) and severe pre-eclampsia group (n = 52). Levels of C3a, C5a and AT1-AA in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and C3aR and C5aR in placenta by Western blotting. Results: Levels of C3a, C5a and AT1-AA in serum from the severe pre-eclampsia group were significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). Placental expression of C3aR and C5aR in the pre-eclampsia group was lower than that in controls (p < 0.05). There were significant positive correlations between levels of C3a, C5a and AT1-AA in serum from the pre-eclampsia group (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was no correlation between C3aR and C5aR in the placenta and AT1-AA in serum in the pre-eclampsia group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Increased C3a, C5a and AT1-AA in the serum provide indirect evidence that AT1-AA-mediated activation contributes to activate complement, which is a key mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of severe pre-eclampsia.
Patterns of First Recurrence in African American Patients with High Grade Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Singh Sareena , Armstrong Amy , Pettigrew Gaetan , Resnick Kimberly
Published: October 2015

Background/Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the distribution of anatomic sites of first recurrence in African American (AA) patients with ovarian carcinoma compared to Caucasians. Methods: Patients diagnosed with high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal carcinoma from 2007 to 2013 were identified. Patterns of recurrence were compared for AA and Caucasian patients. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared. Results: A total of 238 patients were included - 210 Caucasians and 28 AAs. At a follow-up time of 28 months, AAs were more likely to have multiple anatomic sites of recurrence rather than a single site when compared to Caucasians (63.6 vs. 35.5%, p = 0.01). Time to first recurrence was shorter for AA patients (12 vs. 18 months, p < 0.01). PFS and OS did not differ. AA patients with multiple sites of first recurrence had a significantly shorter OS than Caucasian patients with multiple sites of first recurrence (24 vs. 30 months, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Patterns of first recurrence differ between AAs and Caucasians. AAs have shorter times to first recurrence and are more likely to have multiple anatomic sites involved. AA patients with multiple sites of recurrence have a shorter OS than Caucasian patients with multiple sites.
Addition of Cladribine to Idarubicin and Cytarabine during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison
Authors: Shen Yaoyao , Chen Jia , Liu Yuejun , Wu Depei
Published: October 2015

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of idarubicin (IDA), cytarabine (Ara-C) and cladribine (IAC regimen) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. Methods: The clinical data of 27 untreated AML patients who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA (IDA + Ara-C) regimens (IDA 10 mg/m2 and IDA 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. Results: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH (Ara-C with high-dose IDA) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL (Ara-C with low-dose IDA) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). Toxicity did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). Conclusions: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.
Bacterial Quorum Sensing Inhibition Activity of the Traditional Chinese Herbs, Ficus carica L. and Perilla frutescens
Authors: Sun Shiwei , Li Hui , Zhou Wanlong , Liu Ao , Zhu Hu
Published: October 2015

Background: Quorum sensing (QS), as the basis of bacterial cell-to-cell communication, is a promising approach to reduce the incidence of multidrug resistance. The objective of this study was to search for novel quorum sensing inhibitors from plants and control detrimental infections. Methods: The crude extracts of Ficus carica and Perilla frutescens were examined for their anti-QS properties. Powdered plant samples were treated sequentially with organic solvents of increasing polarity. The extracts of each solvent were concentrated in vacuo to give crude extracts and tested against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 especially. Anti-QS activity was measured by quantifying violacein production and swarming motility. Results: All extracts of these two plants display anti-QS ability. Interestingly, the extract of F. carica with dichloromethane and of P. frutescens with MeOH exhibited the most pronounced inhibition of QS activity. Conclusions: These two plants can offer bioactive natural products with potential for attenuating pathogens.
Esculentoside A Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Activation of the Nrf-2 Pathway
Authors: Ci Xinxin , Zhong Weiting , Ren Hua , Wen Zhongmei , Li Dan , Peng Liping
Published: October 2015

Background: The role of airway inflammation and inflammation-induced oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic inflammatory airway diseases has received increasing attention in recent years. We investigated the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of esculentoside A (EsA), a saponin isolated from the Chinese herb Phytolacca esculenta, in comparison to dexamethasone, a potent corticosteroid, in a murine model of allergic asthma. Methods: EsA was added to cultures of A549 cells at different concentrations or for different lengths of time, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) translocation and heme oxygenase 1 expression were monitored. Mice treated with or without EsA and Nrf-2 siRNA were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and developed airway inflammation and oxidative lung damage. The Th2-type cytokine levels and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the serum immunoglobulin production and adhesion molecule expression in the lung tissues were measured. The activities of related antioxidases and glutathione were measured using assay kits. Results: EsA enhanced nuclear Nrf-2 translocation in both A549 cells and the lungs of OVA-challenged mice. Airway inflammation induced by OVA was reduced. Additionally, EsA increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2, leading to a reduction in Th2 cytokines and the expression of adhesion molecule mRNA in the BALF and lung tissues. Inhibition of Nrf-2 by siRNA abrogated the regulatory effects of EsA on inflammation and oxidant stress. Conclusions: This is the first study to illustrate that EsA acts as a novel Nrf-2 activator, which modulates the oxidative stress pathway to improve lung injury and ameliorate the development of airway inflammation.
Intestinal Microbiota Profiles of Healthy Pre-School and School-Age Children and Effects of Probiotic Supplementation
Authors: Wang Chongxin , Nagata Satoru , Asahara Takashi , Yuki Norikatsu , Matsuda Kazunori , Tsuji Hirokazu , Takahashi Takuya , Nomoto Koji , Yamashiro Yuichiro
Published: October 2015

Objectives: This study aims to establish the baseline profile of intestinal microbiota in pre-school and school-age Japanese children and to investigate the effects of a probiotic on the microbiota. Methods: We analyzed the intestinal microbiota and investigated the effects (before, during and after the ingestion period) on intestinal microbiota and the environment of 6 months of daily ingestion of a probiotic (Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-fermented milk). Results: We performed an open trial in 23 children (14 boys, 9 girls; age 7.7 ± 2.4 years (mean ± SD); BMI 19.6 ± 4.6). The composition of intestinal microbiota of healthy pre-school and school-age children resembled that of adults. During probiotic supplementation, the population levels of Bifidobacterium and total Lactobacillus increased significantly, while those of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Clostridium perfringens decreased significantly. A significant increase in fecal concentrations of organic acids and also a decrease in fecal pH were observed during the ingestion period. However, the patterns of fecal microbiota and intestinal environment were found to revert to the baseline levels (i.e. before ingestion) within 6 months following the cessation of probiotic intake. Conclusion: Regular intake of an LcS-containing probiotic product may modify the gut microbiota composition and intestinal environment in pre-school and school-age children while maintaining the homeostasis of the microbiota.
Effects of Early Hypertension Control after Ischaemic Stroke on the Outcome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Shuping , Li Chengyan , Li Tao , Xiong Jing , Zhao Xueqing
Published: October 2015

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that high blood pressure (BP) increases the risk of cerebral oedema and haemorrhagic transformation of the ischaemic stroke (IS), and that low BP in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is associated with a poor prognosis. The best possible management of hypertension after AIS is still uncertain. Materials and Methods: English databases were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of early BP lowering (started within the first 48 h) after IS on outcome from January 1990 to August 2015. We set strict inclusion criteria and used the Review Manager 5.2 software from Cochrane Collaboration to calculate the combined risk ratio (RR). Result: Eight studies met our criteria. Early BP lowering after AIS did not significantly affect the risk of early and long-term death (RR 1.22; 95% CI 0.69-2.16 and RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.62-1.71), early and long-term dependency (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.10 and RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.84-1.36), early and long-term death or dependency (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.94-1.19 and RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.95-1.05), long-term stroke recurrence (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.49-1.11), long-term myocardial infarction (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.27-3.61), and long-term vascular events (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.72-1.31). Conclusion: Our results revealed neither support nor opposition to early BP lowering (started within 48 h) after AIS; individualized BP management based on the patients' condition may be a good choice.
ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТЕСТОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ЗАКРИТОГО ТИПУ НА БАЗІ МОДЕЛІ ОНТОЛОГІЇ НА ОСНОВІ КОГНІТИВНИХ ПРОТОТИПІВ
Authors: Ryzhov O. A. , Popov A. M.
Published: October 2015

The paper is devoted to resolving a topical issue of automatized tests production in poor-formalized knowledge domains. An approach was proposed to carry out an automatized generation of multiple-choice tests on the basis of an ontological model of a domain based on prototypes of human cognitive structures. The universal ontological three-level model was developed with the core element called "cognitive prototype" as a data structure for knowledge representation in form of such known cognitive structures as concept, frame, scheme, scenario, etc. The formal description of test patterns was devised based on cognitive prototypes as the first step towards their typification, developing of algorithms of their automatized generation and programming of subsystem of intelligent educational systems. Prospects of such approach have been analyzed for designing unified techniques of tests production with reduction of laboriousness of the test preparation process.
СИСТЕМНО-АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ДЛЯ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ТА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ РІЗНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Authors: Vakulenko D. V.
Published: October 2015

The work is justified from the standpoint of system analysis using multimedia factors to improve rehabilitation patients at different stages of the disease. The first time the formation of the methodology vector priorities specialists in various fields of calibration weight judgments are used according to their professional expertise.
ІНТЕГРАЛЬНИЙ ПОКАЗНИК ЯКОСТІ ДОДИПЛОМНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ ДЛЯ НАДАННЯ ПЕРВИННОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ЯК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ РОЗВ'ЯЗКУ ЗАДАЧІ ПРИКЛАДНОГО СИСТЕМНОГО АНАЛІЗУ
Authors: Selskyy P. R.
Published: October 2015

The article describes an implementation experience of the innovative assessment methods at the I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University. The method of comparative analysis of the quality of the pre-graduation training of medical doctors in different investigational groups is proposed. In order to develop the integral descriptor of the training quality of the medical professionals for the job at the primary level of healthcare and medical treatment, the Saati method of hierarchies analysis was used as a result of the problem solution on the applied system analysis. The developed descriptor can be used for individual student, entire course, faculty, university, or for the corresponding entity as a whole.
ОГЛЯД ОКРЕМИХ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ ТА АЛГОРИТМІВ ОПРАЦЮВАННЯ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВОЛЬФРАМ МАТЕМАТИКА (MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING)
Authors: Prokopchenko O. Ye.
Published: October 2015

The article analyzes the basic methods and algorithms of mathematical processing of medical images as objects of computer mathematics. The presented methods and computer algorithms of mathematics relevant and may find application in the field of medical imaging - automated processing of images; as a tool for measurement and determination the optical parameters; identification and formation of medical images database.

Methods and computer algorithms presented in the article and based on Wolfram Mathematica are also relevant to the problem of modern medical education. As an example of Wolfram Mathematics may be considered appropriate demonstration, such as recognition of special radiographs and morphological imaging. These methods are used to improve 

the diagnostic significance and value of medical (clinical) research and can serve as an educational interactive demonstration.

Implementation submitted individual methods and algorithms of computer Wolfram Mathematics contributes, in general, the optimization process of practical processing and presentation of medical images.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ОНТОЛОГІЧНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ЗНАНЬ ДЛЯ СВОЄЧАСНОЇ КОРЕКЦІЇ МЕДИЧНИХ СТАНДАРТІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ НА ЕКЗЕМУ)
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Yaremenko N. V.
Published: October 2015

The presented data comparing the literature on «Protocol of care for patients with eczema». The instrument chosen comparison ontological model that today have become a popular form of structuring knowledge.

It is shown that ontology knowledge on eczema allows structured data to provide medical care for patients of this disease and recommend a number of additions to the existing «Protocol of care for patients with eczema». When building a graphology scheme identified differences in pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and the diagnostic and therapeutic applications. It is proposed to supplement the existing protocol over the latest data reflected in contemporary literature.
Beneficial Effects of Implementing Stroke Protocols Require Establishment of a Geographically Distinct Unit
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Kamran Saadat , Singh Rajvir , Cameron Peter , D’Souza Atlantic , Imam Yahya , Bourke Paula , Joseph Sujatha , Khan Rabia , Santos Mark , Deleu Dirk , El-Zouki Abdel , Abou-Samra Abdul , Butt Adeel A. , Shuaib Ashfaq
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—

Usefulness of multidisciplinary stroke units in acute stroke patients is well established. There is extensive western literature on usefulness of stroke units in outcome, but limited evidence from the rest of the world. We aim to evaluate the impact of establishing a stroke unit on outcome in patients presenting to a tertiary care facility.

Methods—

This is a retrospective study of 1003 patients with acute stroke admitted to Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, between January 2014 and February 2015. Patients directly admitted to intensive care unit (132) were excluded. We compared outcomes of pre- and poststroke ward (SW) establishment and in SW patients versus those of general medical wards.

Results—

Before the establishment of the SW, 175 patients were admitted to the hospital. From April 2014 to February 2015, 696 patients were admitted (SW, 545; medical ward, 151). There was a significant reduction in length of stay from 14.7±27.7 to 6.2±20.2 days (
P
=0.0001) and incidence of complications (23.6% versus 6.4%,
P
=0.0001) after implementation of stroke-specific protocols. Prognosis at discharge (modified Rankin Scale 0–2 in 56.0% versus 70.4%,
P
=0.001) and at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0–2 in 70.6% versus 95.0%,
P
=0.001) also significantly improved. Compared with medical ward patients, outcome was significantly better in SW patients with fewer complications (10.9% versus 5.0%,
P
=0.013) and shorter length of stay (8.9±30.7 versus 5.4±16.1 days,
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—

Establishing a distinct SW is essential for achieving full benefits of stroke protocols implementation. SW patients have significantly fewer complications and better prognosis when compared with patients in medical wards.
Muslim Women Visual Artist’ Online Organizations
Authors: Behiery Valerie
Published: October 2015

This study examines two American online organizations established as networks of support for Muslim women artists: Muslim Women in the Arts (mwia) and the International Muslimah Artists’ Network (iman). While the broader context is to explore the intersections of three important identity markers, namely, gender (woman), occupation (artist) and religion (Muslim) often overlooked in identity theory (Peek 2005), the more specific aim is to probe the effects of these digital culturescapes on Muslim women’s artistic agency and success. The data collected from interviews with member artists confirm the necessity of such organizations, offer suggestions on how they could be improved and outline the difficulties they face due to their largely volunteer and online nature.
Is Anyone Listening? The Impact of Children’s Participation on Public Policy
Authors: Crowley Anne
Published: October 2015

Children’s participation has attracted a great deal of attention from academics, policy-makers and practitioners over the past 25 years. This article presents findings from research into the impacts on policy-making from such participation by children in Wales, within the United Kingdom, and Tamil Nadu, in India. The paper considers how the dominant objectives for children’s participation in the uk context can be seen to be helping to ensure that new structures set up to facilitate children’s participation such as youth forums and school councils, have been much more about providing opportunities for children to practice “good” citizenship than about children’s voices being heard and acted upon. This approach is compared with a more “bottom-up” initiative designed to enable children to participate in public decision-making in rural villages in south India. In Tamil Nadu’s Neighbourhood Children’s Parliaments, children aged 6–17 have successfully brought about what they consider to be significant improvements in their living environment. The reasons for these differences are explored and consideration given to some of the factors that work as enablers and inhibitors in children’s voices not only being heard by policy makers and service providers but also being taken into account and given due weight. The paper continues with a discussion on these findings, exploring the extent to which children’s participation may be seen as a means of empowerment or social control and makes some tentative comparisons between experiences in India and Wales before concluding with some thoughts on policy and practice implications.

The term children is used throughout the paper to refer to people under the age of 18 years.
Opuntia delafuentiana (Cactaceae: Opuntioideae), a new xoconostle from central Mexico
Authors: Martínez-González Cesar Ramiro , Luna-Vega Isolda , Gallegos-Vázquez Clemente , García-Sandoval Ricardo
Published: October 2015

We describe a new species of a wild Mexican Opuntia producer of edible acidic prickly pears (xoconostles), locally known as “xoconostle de cerro blanco“ (white hillside xoconostle), based on external morphology and micromorphology attributes (mainly characters of the spines). This species is morphologically compared with another four species of wild xoconostles distributed in the same region: O. joconostle, O. leiascheinvariana, O. oligacantha and O. matudae. A taxonomic key for the xoconostles of the area is provided. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of one chloroplast gene, one plastid intergenic spacer and one nuclear molecular marker, the new species was recognized as a monophyletic group within Opuntia s.s. sensu Majure et al.
On the Equilibrium-State Roll Vortices and Their Effects in the Hurricane Boundary Layer
Authors: Gao Kun , Ginis Isaac
Published: October 2015

In this study, the authors numerically simulate roll vortices (rolls) generated by the inflection-point instability in the hurricane boundary layer (HBL). The approach is based on embedding a two-dimensional high-resolution single-grid roll-resolving model (SRM) at selected horizontal grid points of an axisymmetric HBL model. The results from a set of idealized experiments indicate that the mixed-layer height is an important factor affecting the magnitude of the roll velocities and the structure of the internal waves triggered in the stably stratified layer above. This study reveals the important difference between the roll-induced cross-roll (nearly radial) and along-roll (nearly azimuthal) momentum fluxes: while the cross-roll momentum flux is well correlated to the cross-roll mean wind shear, the along-roll momentum flux is typically not correlated with the along-roll mean wind shear. Therefore, the commonly used K theory in the boundary layer parameterizations cannot reasonably capture the vertical distribution of the roll-induced along-roll momentum flux. Moreover, the authors find that the rolls induce more significant changes in the mean radial wind profile than in the mean azimuthal wind profile. Specifically, rolls reduce the inflow near surface, enhance the inflow at upper levels, and increase the inflow-layer height. Based on a linear dynamical HBL model, the authors find that the impact of rolls on the mean radial wind profile is essentially due to their redistribution effect on the mean azimuthal momentum in the HBL.
The Pacific Meridional Mode and the Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Zhang W. , Vecchi G. A. , Murakami H. , Villarini G. , Jia L.
Published: October 2015

This study investigates the association between the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP). It is found that the positive PMM phase favors the occurrence of TCs in the WNP while the negative PMM phase inhibits the occurrence of TCs there. Observed relationships are consistent with those from a long-term preindustrial control experiment (1000 yr) of a high-resolution TC-resolving Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) coupled climate model. The diagnostic relationship between the PMM and TCs in observations and the model is further supported by sensitivity experiments with FLOR. The modulation of TC genesis by the PMM is primarily through the anomalous zonal vertical wind shear (ZVWS) changes in the WNP, especially in the southeastern WNP. The anomalous ZVWS can be attributed to the responses of the atmosphere to the anomalous warming in the northwestern part of the PMM pattern during the positive PMM phase, which resembles a classic Matsuno–Gill pattern. Such influences on TC genesis are strengthened by a cyclonic flow over the WNP. The significant relationship between TCs and the PMM identified here may provide a useful reference for seasonal forecasting of TCs and interpreting changes in TC activity in the WNP.
Correlations between Interannual SST Oscillations and Modeled Swell Impacts on Turbulent Mixing*
Authors: Fan Yalin , Rogers W. Erick , Jensen Tommy G.
Published: October 2015

The possibility of teleconnections between Southern Ocean swells and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on interannual time scales in the eastern Pacific Niño-3 region and southeastern Indian Ocean is investigated using numerical wave models. Two alternative parameterizations for swell dissipation are used. It is found that swell dissipation in the models is not directly correlated with large interannual variations such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). However, using one of the two swell dissipation parameterizations, a correlation is found between observed SST anomalies and the modification of turbulent kinetic energy flux (TKEF) by Southern Ocean swells due to the damping of short wind waves: modeled reduction of TKEF is opposite in phase to the SST anomalies in the Niño-3 region, indicating a potential positive feedback. The modeled bimonthly averaged TKEF reduction in the southeastern Indian Ocean is also well correlated with the IOD mode.
Mechanics of interface debonding in fibre-reinforced materials
Authors: Brighenti Roberto , Carpinteri Andrea , Scorza Daniela
Published: October 2015

The evaluation of damage in multiphase materials plays a crucial role in their safety assessment under service mechanical actions. In this context, the quantification of the damage associated to fibre–matrix detachment is one of the most important aspects to be carried out for short fibre-reinforced materials. In the present article, the problem of progressive fibre–matrix debonding is examined and a mechanics interpretation of such a phenomenon is developed by relating the shear-lag and the fracture mechanics approach in order to determine the fibre–matrix interface characteristics. A multiscale approach is employed: at macroscopic level, composites with dilute dispersed fibres, arranged in a undirectional or in random orientation, are analysed through a homogenization approach, whereas the problem of axisymmetric debond growth in short fibres is examined at microscopic level. Moreover, a ‘structured’ linear elastic interface framework model for crack propagation analysis is applied by defining a microscopic truss structure, enabling to relate each other the classical shear strength approach and the fracture mechanics approach. Finally, a fibre pull-out test and some simple fibre-reinforced structural components are examined. This new proposed point of view on the debonding phenomenon allows a deep understanding of the mechanics of the fibre–matrix interface and enables to characterize such an interface layer that has a relevant role in mechanics design of composites materials.
Stability of triaxially woven fabric composites employing geometrically nonlinear plate model with volume segmentation ABD constitution
Authors: Rasin Norhidayah , Kueh Ahmad BH , Mahat Muhammad NH , Mohd Yassin Airil Y
Published: October 2015

We examine numerically the uniaxially compressed stability of triaxially woven fabric (TWF) composites employing a proposed geometrically nonlinear finite composite plate element model with volume segmentation ABD constitutive relation, taking advantage of greatly reduced degrees of freedom. From satisfactory agreement with results from literature, numerous boundary conditions are explored for various aspect ratios in the buckling analysis. High dependencies of post-buckling patterns on plate aspect ratios are observed, from which a computationally time-saving characteristic equations have been defined before the occurrence of post-buckling state for practical convenience, best described on the basis of logarithmic critical buckling load and stiffness factor. These buckling characteristics have a direct general correlation to TWF’s aspect ratios and boundary rigidities.
Cardiovascular causes of emergency neurology presenting to an ICU
Authors: Litmathe Jens , Dafotakis Manuel , Sucker Christoph , Schulz Jörg B.
Published: October 2015

Stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) represent an urgent clinical entity that is not limited only to elderly patients. The underlying causes of stroke and TIA are diverse, with those of cardiovascular origin being among the most prominent. This review seeks to elucidate some of the most important aspects of the disease in the context of emergency and critical care practice.
Pathways to Firesetting for Mentally Disordered Offenders: A Preliminary Examination
Authors: Tyler Nichola , Gannon Theresa A.
Published: October 2015

The current study aimed to investigate the specific pathways in the offence process for mentally disordered firesetters. In a previous study, an offence chain model was constructed (i.e., the Firesetting Offence Chain for Mentally Disordered Offenders, FOC-MD) using offence descriptions obtained from 23 mentally disordered firesetters, detailing the sequence of contextual, behavioural, affective, and cognitive factors that precipitate an incidence of firesetting for this population. The current study examines the prevalence of the specific pathways to firesetting for the original 23 mentally disordered firesetters and a further sample of 13 mentally disordered firesetters. Three distinct pathways to firesetting are identified within the FOC-MD: fire interest–childhood mental health, no fire interest–adult mental health, fire interest–adult mental health. In this article, we describe these three pathways in detail using illustrative case studies. The practice implications of these identified pathways are also discussed.