bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology diagram of PE gel films in wide range temperature‐strain space: An in situ SAXS and WAXS study
Authors: Lv Fei , Wan Caixia , Chen Xiaowei , Meng Lingpu , Chen Xin , Wang Daoliang , Li Liangbin
Published: April 2019

Deformation‐induced structural evolution of polyethylene (PE) gel films were investigated by in situ synchrotron radiation SAXS and WAXS techniques during stretching at temperatures from 25°C to 110°C. The structural evolutions along tensile strains showed distinct behaviors in the four temperature regions divided by and given by DMA and the onset point of melting measured by DSC, respectively, which was determined by the coupling effects of external stretching field and temperature. Finally, the morphological diagrams of PE gel films on distinct scales including long period of lamellae, crystallinity, and crystal size in 2D temperature‐strain space were established, which can give a direct sight of membrane morphologies and act as a map for processing parameters selection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 748–757
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin Physiology: An Observational Quantitative Serum Proteomics Study in Adolescent, Normal‐Weight Females
Authors: Manousopoulou Antigoni , Al‐Daghri Nasser M. , Sabico Shaun , Garay‐Baquero Diana J. , Teng Jie , Alenad Amal , Alokail Majed S. , Athanasopoulos Nikos , Deligeoroglou Efthymios , Chrousos George P. , Bacopoulou Flora , Garbis Spiros D.
Published: April 2019

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance, even in the absence of overweight/obesity. The aim of the present study is to examine the global serum proteomic profile of adolescent, normal‐weight females with PCOS in order to gain novel insight in the association of this endocrine disorder with insulin physiology and to identify novel circulating markers that can guide intervention protocols.

Methods

Non‐depleted serum from normal‐weight (BMI: 18–23 kg m−2), adolescent females (13–21 years old) with PCOS (n = 20) is compared to BMI‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 20) using our 3D quantitative proteomics methodology. Serum samples from study participants are randomly pooled to form four biological replicates of females with PCOS and four of healthy controls (n = 5 per sample pool).

Results

One‐hundred and twenty‐six proteins are differentially expressed in females with PCOS compared to controls. Gene ontology analysis shows significant enrichment for terms related to inflammatory immune response, metabolism and insulin‐like growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Circulating levels of IGF‐1 and ‐2 and IGFBP‐2, ‐3, and ‐4 are found to be lower in females with PCOS compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions

The present serum proteomics study provides insight into the pro‐inflammatory status and insulin dysregulation in young females with PCOS and identifies potential serological markers that can guide early intervention protocols.
A structural and functional analysis of the glycosyltransferase BshA from Staphylococcus aureus: Insights into the reaction mechanism and regulation of bacillithiol production
Authors: Royer Christopher J. , Cook Paul D.
Published: April 2019

Bacillithiol is a glucosamine‐derived antioxidant found in several pathogenic Gram‐positive bacteria. The compound is involved in maintaining the appropriate redox state within the cell as well as detoxifying foreign agents like the antibiotic fosfomycin. Bacillithiol is produced via the action of three enzymes, including BshA, a retaining GT‐B glycosyltransferase that utilizes UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine and l‐malate to produce N‐acetylglucosaminyl‐malate. Recent studies suggest that retaining GT‐B glycosyltransferases like BshA utilize a substrate‐assisted mechanism that goes through an SNi‐like transition state. In a previous study, we relied on X‐ray crystallography as well as computational simulations to hypothesize the manner in which substrates would bind the enzyme, but several questions about substrate binding and the role of one of the amino acid residues persisted. Another study demonstrated that BshA might be subject to feedback inhibition by bacillithiol, but this phenomenon was not analyzed further to determine the exact mechanism of inhibition. Here we present X‐ray crystallographic structures and steady‐state kinetics results that help elucidate both of these issues. Our ligand‐bound crystal structures demonstrate that the active site provides an appropriate steric and geometric arrangement of ligands to facilitate the substrate‐assisted mechanism. Finally, we show that bacillithiol is competitive for UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine with a Ki value near 120–130 μM and likely binds within the BshA active site, suggesting that bacillithiol modulates BshA activity via feedback inhibition. The work presented here furthers our understanding of bacillithiol metabolism and can aid in the development of inhibitors to counteract resistance to antibiotics such as fosfomycin.
Stabilization of SecA ATPase by the primary cytoplasmic salt of Escherichia coli
Authors: Roussel Guillaume , Lindner Eric , White Stephen H.
Published: April 2019

Much is known about the structure, function, and stability of the SecA motor ATPase that powers the secretion of periplasmic proteins across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Most studies of SecA are carried out in buffered sodium or potassium chloride salt solutions. However, the principal intracellular salt of E. coli is potassium glutamate (KGlu), which is known to stabilize folded proteins and protein‐nucleic acid complexes. Here we report that KGlu stabilizes SecA, including its dimeric state, and increases its ATPase activity, suggesting that SecA is likely fully folded, stable, and active in vivo at 37°C. Furthermore, KGlu also stabilizes a precursor form of the secreted maltose‐binding protein.
Transoesophageal ultrasound‐guided bronchoscopic aspiration of a superior mediastinal tumour using the BF‐UC290F instrument
Authors: Minami Daisuke , Takigawa Yuki , Kayatani Hiroe , Sato Ken , Fujiwara Keiichi , Shibayama Takuo
Published: April 2019

A 46‐year‐old male with a superior mediastinal mass presented with a one‐month history of hoarseness and chest pain and was referred to our hospital. Although endobronchial, ultrasound‐guided, transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) was initially performed, we could not obtain an adequate specimen because of his severe cough and an inadequate EBUS view. During the same endoscopic session, we performed endoscopic, ultrasound‐guided, bronchoscopic fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) via a transoesophageal approach using the BF‐UC290F (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), a third‐generation EBUS‐TBNA endoscope. The BF‐UC290F enabled smooth access through the oesophagus and a clear EBUS view of the mass, attributable, respectively, to the compact distal tip and the powerful angulation. Rapid on‐site cytology revealed that an adequate specimen had been obtained, and we terminated the procedure without inducing a severe cough. Histologically, the mass was a squamous cell carcinoma. EUS‐B‐FNA employing the BF‐UC290F was useful to diagnose the superior mediastinal mass.
Estimation of Micropolarity and Microviscosity of Pluronic F127–Surfactant Mixed Systems Using Fisetin as a Fluorescent Molecular Probe
Authors: Mishra Jhili , Mishra Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2019

Surfactant induced changes in the transition temperature of Pluronic F127 have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The analysis shows that ionic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) significantly alter the transition temperature of PF127, whereas the effect of a nonionic surfactant (Tween20) is not significant. The sol‐gel transition temperature decreases from PF127 (22 °C) to PF127+TW20 (21 °C) to PF127+CTAB (18 °C), whereas there is no sol‐gel transition temperature observed for PF127+SDS. Using the anionic emission and fluorescence anisotropy value of fisetin, the local polarity and microviscosity in the immediate neighbourhood of fisetin in pluronic‐surfactant systems have been estimated. Rotational correlation time along with the time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy study gives additional information about the variation in medium microviscosity (PF127) with temperature in the absence and presence of surfactants. Variation in both polarity and microviscosity of the PF127‐surfactant mixed systems follows a reverse trend at sol and gel phases. Fluorescence lifetime studies indicate that fisetin molecules distribute in the different microdomains of PF127‐surfactant mixed systems. The local environmental heterogeneity at different microdomains of PF127‐surfactant mixed system is confirmed from lifetime distribution analysis of fisetin FT* emission.
Choline Chloride/Urea as an Eco‐Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent for TCT‐Mediated Amide Coupling at Room Temperature
Authors: Salimiyan Kimiya , Saberi Dariush
Published: April 2019

A desirable alternative to organic solvents, very cheap, non‐toxic and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and urea was introduced for 2,4,6‐trichloro triazine mediated amide bond formation between carboxylic acids and amines at room temperature. Sub‐stoichiometric amount of TCT was used as a cheap and readily available C−O activating reagent. Various derivatives of amines were coupled with carboxylic acids, via triacylated triazine intermediate, resulting the reaction of acids with TCT, and the corresponding amides were obtained in moderate to good yields.
Effect of Morphology of ϵ‐MnO2 on Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Shen Huanhuan , Huang Jianzhi , Wei Yubo , Guo Xinrong , Wang Min , Wang Lishi
Published: April 2019

In this work, solid spherical, solid cubic and hollow cubic MnO2 microparticles were successfully synthesized via a facile precursor conversion method. All the crystal structures were defined as rare ϵ‐phase. The ϵ‐MnO2 was modified onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate sensor platform for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination. The catalytic activity of the prepared materials was demonstrated to be in the order: hollow cubes > solid cubes > solid spheres ϵ‐MnO2. The higher electrochemical activity is related to the higher conductivity and more exposed highly active crystal planes instead of BET surface area, electrode active area and surface charge. Additionally, the cubic ϵ‐MnO2 possesses greater catalytic rate constant (K), which is approximately an order of magnitude higher than that of spherical morphology, due to the faster electron transfer rates caused by reduced contact resistance. The proposed sensor possesses the excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and is successfully applied to determine H2O2 in real sample.
Programmable Atom Equivalents: Atomic Crystallization as a Framework for Synthesizing Nanoparticle Superlattices
Authors: Gabrys Paul A. , Zornberg Leonardo Z. , Macfarlane Robert J.
Published: April 2019

Decades of research efforts into atomic crystallization phenomenon have led to a comprehensive understanding of the pathways through which atoms form different crystal structures. With the onset of nanotechnology, methods that use colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) as nanoscale “artificial atoms” to generate hierarchically ordered materials are being developed as an alternative strategy for materials synthesis. However, the assembly mechanisms of NP‐based crystals are not always as well‐understood as their atomic counterparts. The creation of a tunable nanoscale synthon whose assembly can be explained using the context of extensively examined atomic crystallization will therefore provide significant advancement in nanomaterials synthesis. DNA‐grafted NPs have emerged as a strong candidate for such a “programmable atom equivalent” (PAE), because the predictable nature of DNA base‐pairing allows for complex yet easily controlled assembly. This Review highlights the characteristics of these PAEs that enable controlled assembly behaviors analogous to atomic phenomena, which allows for rational material design well beyond what can be achieved with other crystallization techniques.
Deep Learning to Speed up the Development of Structure–Property Relations For Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene
Authors: Hundi Prabhas , Shahsavari Rouzbeh
Published: April 2019

Structure–property maps play a key role in accelerated materials discovery. The current norm for developing these maps includes computationally expensive physics‐based simulations. Here, the capabilities of deep learning agents are explored such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to predict structure–property relations and reduce dependence on simulations. This study contains simulated hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) microstructures damaged by various levels of radiation and temperature, with the objective to predict their residual strengths from the final atomic positions. By developing low dimensional physical descriptors to statistically describe the defects, these results show that purpose‐specific microstructure representation can help in achieving a good prediction accuracy at low computational cost. Furthermore, the adaptability of the trained deep learning agents is explored to predict structure–property maps of other 2D materials using transfer learning. It is shown that in order to achieve good predictions accuracy (≈95% R2), an agent that is training for the first time (“learning from scratch”) requires 23–45% of simulated data, whereas an agent adapting to a different material (“transfer learning”) requires only about 10% or less. This suggests that transfer learning is a potential game changer in material discovery and characterization approaches.
Self‐Assembled Nickel Pyrophosphate‐Decorated Amorphous Bimetal Hydroxides 2D‐on‐2D Nanostructure for High‐Energy Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Dubal Deepak P. , Ji Su‐Hyeon , Kim Do‐Heyoung
Published: April 2019

To obtain a supercapacitor with a remarkable specific capacitance and rate performance, a cogent design and synthesis of the electrode material containing abundant active sites is necessary. In present work, a scalable strategy is developed for preparing 2D‐on‐2D nanostructures for high‐energy solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). The self‐assembled vertically aligned microsheet‐structured 2D nickel pyrophosphate (Ni2P2O7) is decorated with amorphous bimetallic nickel cobalt hydroxide (NiCo‐OH) to form a 2D‐on‐2D nanostructure arrays electrode. The resulting Ni2P2O7/NiCo‐OH 2D‐on‐2D array electrode exhibits peak specific capacity of 281 mA hg−1 (4.3 F cm−2), excellent rate capacity, and cycling stability over 10 000 charge–discharge cycles in the positive potential range. The excellent electrochemical features can be attributed to the high electrical conductivity and 2D layered structure of Ni2P2O7 along with the Faradic capacitance of the amorphous NiCo‐OH nanosheets. The constructed Ni2P2O7/NiCo‐OH//activated carbon based solid‐state ASC cell operates in a high voltage window of 1.8 V with an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 (1.065 mWh cm−3) and extraordinary cyclic stability over 10 000 charge–discharge cycles with excellent energy efficiency (75%–80%) over all current densities. The excellent electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode and solid‐state ASC device offers a favorable and scalable pathway for developing advanced electrodes.
Proteomics and Precision Medicine
Authors: Ding Chen , Qin Zhaoyu , Li Yan , Shi Wenhao , Li Lingling , Zhan Dongdong , Yang Wenjun
Published: April 2019

During the last decade, great progress has been made in mass spectrometry rendering the identification of 6000 proteins in an hour and up to 10 000 proteins in half a day. The proteome has been widely applied in a variety of studies in the life sciences, for dissecting protein profiling, protein–protein interactions, post‐translational‐modification, etc. Since the improvement of the proteome screening efficiency and the decreasing of the cost in sample measurement, the growing requirement of deep application of proteomics has been raised recently in clinical research, foretelling an era in which proteomics will enable personally tailored therapies for patients. This review describes the cutting‐edge progression of next‐generation proteomics and highlights its potential in precision medicine in the future.
U(N) Yang-Mills in non-commutative space time
Authors: Ahmadiniaz Naser , Corradini Olindo , Edwards James P. , Pisani Pablo
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We present an approach to U⋆(N) Yang-Mills theory in non-commutative space based upon a novel phase-space analysis of the dynamical fields with additional auxiliary variables that generate Lorentz structure and colour degrees of freedom. To illustrate this formalism we compute the quadratic terms in the effective action focusing on the planar divergences so as to extract theβ-function for the Yang-Mills coupling constant. Nonetheless the method presented is general and can be applied to calculate the effective action at arbitrary order of expansion in the coupling constant and is well suited to the computation of low energy one-loop scattering amplitudes.
Anyonic exclusions statistics on surfaces with gapped boundaries
Authors: Li Yingcheng , Wang Hongyu , Hu Yuting , Wan Yidun
Published: April 2019

Abstract

An anyonic exclusion statistics, which generalizes the Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics of bosons and fermions, was proposed by Haldane [1]. When fusion of anyons is involved, certain ‘pseudo-species’ anyons appear in the exotic statistical weights of non-Abelian anyon systems; however, the meaning and significance of pseudo-species remains an open problem. The relevant past studies had considered only anyon systems without any physical boundary but boundaries often appear in real-life materials. In this paper, we propose an extended anyonic exclusion statistics on surfaces with gapped boundaries, introducing mutual exclusion statistics between anyons as well as the boundary components. Motivated by refs. [2, 3], we present a formula for the statistical weight of many-anyon states obeying the proposed statistics. Taking the (doubled) Fibonacci topological order as an example, we develop a systematic basis construction for non-Abelian anyons on any Riemann surfaces with gapped boundaries. The basis construction offers a standard way to read off a canonical set of statistics parameters and hence write down the extended statistical weight of the anyon system being studied. The basis construction reveals the meaning of pseudo-species. A pseudo-species has different ‘excitation’ modes, each corresponding to an anyon species. The ‘excitation’ modes of pseudo-species corresponds to good quantum numbers of subsystems of a non-Abelian anyon system. This is important because often (e.g., in topological quantum computing) we may be concerned about only the entanglement between such subsystems.
Matrix model and Yukawa couplings on the noncommutative torus
Authors: Honda Masaki
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The IKKT model is proposed as a non-perturbative formulation of superstring theory. We propose a Dirac operator on the noncommutative torus, which is consistent with the IKKT model, based on noncommutative geometry. Next, we consider zero-mode equations of the Dirac operator with magnetic fluxes. We find that zero-mode solutions have the chirality and the generation structures similar to the commutative case. Moreover, we compute Yukawa couplings of chiral matter fields.
No country for possums: young people’s nativist views
Authors: Ram Rajesh
Published: April 2019

The Australian brushtail possum(Trichosurus vulpecula)is one of many animal species classified as alien under the biosecurity system in New Zealand. However, it is against the possums that a relentless campaign is perpetrated. This article attempts to explain some of the many reasons behind such intense negativity, and in doing so, show a link between the management of invasive species as a biosecurity risk and young people’s nativist views. A qualitative, interpretive mode of inquiry was used to analyse data that showed a link between the management of invasive species as a biosecurity risk and young people’s controversial views. An educational program that presents an objective view of invasive species is recommended.
Monitoring Greenland ice sheet buoyancy-driven calving discharge using glacial earthquakes
Authors: Sergeant Amandine , Mangeney Anne , Yastrebov Vladislav A. , Walter Fabian , Montagner Jean-Paul , Castelnau Olivier , Stutzmann Eléonore , Bonnet Pauline , Ralaiarisoa Velotioana Jean-Luc , Bevan Suzanne , Luckman Adrian
Published: April 2019

Since the 2000s, Greenland ice sheet mass loss has been accelerating, followed by increasing numbers of glacial earthquakes (GEs) at near-grounded glaciers. GEs are caused by calving of km-scale icebergs which capsize against the terminus. Seismic record inversion allows a reconstruction of the history of GE sources which captures capsize dynamics through iceberg-to-terminus contact. When compared with a catalog of contact forces from an iceberg capsize model, seismic force history accurately computes calving volumes while the earthquake magnitude fails to uniquely characterize iceberg size, giving errors up to 1 km3. Calving determined from GEs recorded ateight glaciers in 1993–2013 accounts for up to 21% of the associated discharge and 6% of the Greenland mass loss. The proportion of discharge attributed to capsizing calving may be underestimated by at least 10% as numerous events could not be identified by standard seismic detections (Olsen and Nettles, 2018). While calving production tends to stabilize in East Greenland, Western glaciers have released more and larger icebergs since 2010 and have become major contributors to Greenland dynamic discharge. Production of GEs and calving behavior are controlled by glacier geometry with bigger icebergs being produced when the terminus advances in deepening water. We illustrate how GEs can help in partitioning and monitoring Greenland mass loss and characterizing capsize dynamics.
Group actions on Smale space -algebras
Authors: DEELEY ROBIN J. , STRUNG KAREN R.
Published: April 2019

Group actions on a Smale space and the actions induced on the$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras associated to such a dynamical system are studied. We show that an effective action of a discrete group on a mixing Smale space produces a strongly outer action on the homoclinic algebra. We then show that for irreducible Smale spaces, the property of finite Rokhlin dimension passes from the induced action on the homoclinic algebra to the induced actions on the stable and unstable$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras. In each of these cases, we discuss the preservation of properties (such as finite nuclear dimension,${\mathcal{Z}}$-stability, and classification by Elliott invariants) in the resulting crossed products.
On nilspace systems and their morphisms
Authors: CANDELA PABLO , GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ DIEGO , SZEGEDY BALÁZS
Published: April 2019

A nilspace system is a generalization of a nilsystem, consisting of a compact nilspace $\text{X}$ equipped with a group of nilspace translations acting on $\text{X}$. Nilspace systems appear in different guises in several recent works and this motivates the study of these systems per se as well as their relation to more classical types of systems. In this paper we study morphisms of nilspace systems, i.e., nilspace morphisms with the additional property of being consistent with the actions of the given translations. A nilspace morphism does not necessarily have this property, but one of our main results shows that it factors through some other morphism which does have the property. As an application we obtain a strengthening of the inverse limit theorem for compact nilspaces, valid for nilspace systems. This is used in work of the first- and third-named authors to generalize the celebrated structure theorem of Host and Kra on characteristic factors.
The Warden's Dilemma as Nested Game: Political Self-Sacrifice, Instrumental Rationality, and Third Parties
Authors: Denny Brian S.
Published: April 2019

Inspired by the famous Prisoner's Dilemma game theory model, Karin Marie Fierke introduced the Warden's Dilemma to explain self-sacrifice and compromise in asymmetric interactions and to show that such an explanation requires a social ontology. She applied her model to Irish Republican Army hunger strikes in 1980–1981. Her model, however, closely resembles what game theorists call a ‘nested game’. This article (re)introduces the nested Warden's Dilemma, focuses on the tripartite relationship inherent to the model and examines hunger strikes as part of a strategy potentially informed by instrumental rationality and knowledge of the Warden's Dilemma dynamic. After briefly discussing the implications of approaching self-sacrificial behaviour from a rationalist perspective, a case study of strategic non-violence in Myanmar (Burma) demonstrates how third parties can both diffuse instrumental rationality regarding political self-sacrifice and facilitate patterns of resistance that appear to capitalize on the Warden's Dilemma dynamic.
In vitroeffect of leptin on human cardiac contractility
Authors: Chaban Ryan , Buschmann Katja , Ghazy Ahmed , Poplawski Alicia , Wittmann Nadja , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Vahl Christian-Friedrich
Published: April 2019

Leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, has been linked to many regulatory pathways. Its role in the complex relationship between obesity and CVD is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether leptin interferes directly with cardiac function regulation, altering its contractile force character, and hence contributing to different pathological processes. Muscle samples were obtained from human atrial myocardium. Each trial included two samples from the same patient. They were simultaneously electrically stimulated under sustained perfusion to perform isometric contractions. One sample was treated with a high concentration of human recombinant leptin (1 µg/ml). The other was treated with placebo and served as a control. The exhibited contraction forces (CF) and the contraction duration (CD) after 20 min of treatment were normalised by dividing them by the values before the treatment and reported as a percentage. A total of ten successful trials were conducted. Exposure to leptin did not yield a statistically significant variation in both CF and CF. In the treatment group, CF% measured 108 (95 % CI 91, 125) % and CD% measured 95 (95 % CI 90, 101) % after 20 min. In the control group, CF% measured 105 (90 % CI 84, 126) % and CD% measured 92 (95 % CI 80, 105) % after 20 min. We concluded that leptin does not alter the contractile character of human atrial tissues, even in supraphysiological dosage. These results suggest that leptin does not play a role in short-term cardiac regulation.
Law, Privacy, and Online Dating: “Revenge Porn” in Gay Online Communities
Authors: Waldman Ari Ezra
Published: April 2019

Nonconsensual pornography, commonly known as “revenge porn,” is the dissemination of another’s sexually explicit images or videos without their consent. This article explores this phenomenon in gay and bisexual male online communities. The first part reviews the current sociological and legal literature on online dating, gay culture on the Internet, and revenge porn. Then, based on a survey of gay and bisexual male dating app users, ethnographic interviews, and an analysis of platform content moderation policies, the next part makes three related points. First, it shows that gay and bisexual men who use geosocial dating apps are more frequently victims of revenge porn than both the general population and the broader lesbian, gay, and bisexual community. Second, it shows that geosocial dating apps create powerful norms of disclosure that make sharing personal information all but required. And third, it describes how gay and bisexual male users engage in privacy navigation techniques with the goal of building trust and enhancing safety. The final substantive section then shows how inadequate protections for online privacy and inadequate legal incentives for safe platform design contribute to the problem of revenge porn. The article concludes with a summary and avenues for future research.
Imperial Politics, English Law, and the Strategic Foundations of Constitutional Review in America
Authors: GAILMARD SEAN
Published: April 2019

In the colonial period of American history, the British Crown reviewed, and sometimes nullified, acts of colonial assemblies for “repugnancy to the laws of England.” In this way, Crown review established external, legal constraints on American legislatures. I present a formal model to argue that Crown legislative review counteracted political pressure on imperial governors from colonial assemblies, to approve laws contrary to the empire’s interests. Optimal review in the model combines both legal and substantive considerations. This gives governors the strongest incentive to avoid royal reprisal by vetoing laws the Crown considered undesirable. Thus, review of legislation for consistency with higher law helped the Crown to grapple with agency problems in imperial governance, and ultimately achieve more (but still incomplete) centralized control over policy. I discuss the legacy of imperial legislative review for early American thinking about constitutional review of legislation by courts.
Species composition, diversity, and the abundance of arthropods inhabiting burrows of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetusL.)
Authors: Celebias P. , Melke A. , Gwiazdowicz D.J. , Przewoźny M. , Komosiński K. , Baraniak E. , Winnicka K. , Melosik I. , Ziomek J.
Published: April 2019

The is insufficient knowledge of arthropod communities occurring in specific microhabitats. In this study, we characterize the arthropod assemblages inhabiting burrows of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetusL.) and factors that determine their diversity and abundance. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) arthropod assemblages are associated with a particular dominant vegetation occurring in the vicinity of burrows; (2) a correlation exists between fine-scale geographic distances among burrows and assemblage dissimilarity; and (3) the type of trap influences the sampling success of captured arthropods. We found 73 morphospecies belonging to 16 families in 109 burrows, most of which were in the families Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) and Parasitidae (Arachnida: Acari: Mesostigmata). The most abundant families were Staphylinidae, Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera), Parasitidae, and Macrochelidae (Mesostigmata) (78.89%). Among the identified species, we foundAleochara irmgardis(Staphylinidae) andPoecilochirus sexclavatus(Parasitidae) which had not yet been reported in Poland, and several other rare species. Meat-baited traps captured 64.34% more individuals, which were more diverse and species-rich than the non-baited control traps, but the former was more selective for saprophages, necrophages, and coprophages. The burrows located in areas overgrown by triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye) were inhabited by 69.86% of the identified arthropod species, and these also had the highest abundance (64.07%) in comparison with other habitats. However, differences in sample size biased our results toward and overestimate arthropods associated with this vegetation. This study underlines that the species composition detected in burrows was affected by the methods used and hamster preferences for a specific habitat rather than the geographic proximity of the burrows. More extensive sampling across multiple habitats will be necessary to confirm our findings.
Bodies in Play: Maternity, Repertory, and the RivalRomeo and Juliets, 1748–51
Authors: Phillips Chelsea
Published: April 2019

In her recent book on celebrity pregnancy, legal scholar Renée Ann Cramer writes, “in the years from 1970 to 2000, popular culture became more open to performances of pregnancy; once kept secret and articulated as private, pregnancy became ‘public.’” This is not wholly true. In the English-speaking world, “celebrity pregnancy,” with its overt performances of femininity and maternity, bodily monitoring, and careful dance between the concealment and revelation of private information, had its first public moment in the long eighteenth century. That century's professional theatre was a site for the intersection of two forms of women's labor: the maternal labor of pregnancy and birth, which affected women of all classes throughout a century with rapidly rising birth rates, and the theatrical labor of professional actresses. Although the latter has been the subject of much-needed study in recent decades, the impact of maternal labor on the professional theatre of the time is only beginning to be explored. Between 1700 and 1800, birth rates for middle- and upper-class British woman rose significantly. Among the aristocracy, rates doubled from four to eight children, and middle-class women averaged seven births by the end of the century. At the same time, women in the professional theatre were inventing and modeling new forms of public womanhood, capitalizing on a burgeoning culture of female celebrity, and, in some cases, wielding exceptional economic and artistic power. Though not all actresses had children, many did, and at rates that were not unlike those of their nontheatrical counterparts. For these women, the successful balancing of maternal and theatrical labor could be vital to their careers and, in many cases, their family's survival. The need to balance personal and professional demands was all the more imperative within the hectic and extremely competitive repertory system. The day-to-day repertory of a London company was of necessity a malleable thing, accommodating short runs of popular pieces, audience requests, illnesses and absences of company members, and the perpetual state of competition between the patent houses of Covent Garden and Drury Lane. To compete profitably, managers needed competent and popular performers (bodies) and performance vehicles (texts) in which to feature them. As the available bodies changed, then, so too did the available plays for performance.
Laser sputtering of Zr under Ar and O2 environments explored by quartz crystal microbalance and SEM analysis
Authors: Sarfraz Syed Muhammad Abouzar , Bashir Shazia , Mahmood Khaliq
Published: April 2019

The effect of laser fluence and nature of ambient environments on the sputtering yield, surface modifications, crater depth, UV-visible absorption spectra, chemical composition, and micro hardness of Zr has been investigated. Nd: YAG laser (532 nm, 10 Hz, 6 ns) at different fluences varying from 16 to 60.8 Jcm−2was employed as an irradiation source. All measurements are performed under two ambient environments of Ar and O2at a constant pressure of 10 Torr. Quartz crystal microbalance has been employed for the measurement of sputtering yield of laser irradiated Zr. It is revealed that sputtering yield increases monotonically with increasing fluence under both environments however, it is higher in Ar as compared to O2environment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to explore the surface morphology. SEM analysis exhibits the formation of cones, ridges, and cracks at the central ablated areas whereas, laser-induced periodic surface structures, periodic ridges and sharp cones are observed at inner boundaries in both environments of Ar and O2. Sharp spikes are observed in both environments, however, their height and distinctness are more pronounced in Ar as compared to O2. Cones are characteristic features in Ar, whereas, cavities and channels are dominant features in O2environment at outer boundaries. The formation and growth of surface structures are dependent upon laser fluence and ambient gas nature. The depth profilometry has been used to measure the crater depth of irradiated Zr target by using an optical microscope. UV visible spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses reveal the oxide formation in the case of Zr irradiation in O2environment. The Vicker Micro-hardness tester has been employed to measure the hardness. The higher observed values of sputtering yield, crater depth and hardness of laser ablated Zr in Ar as compared to O2are well correlated with distinct surface structures.
Professor Guillermo Velarde and the Madrid manifesto: a leap forward in ICF scientific collaboration
Authors: Carpintero-Santamaría N. , Perlado J. Manuel
Published: April 2019

In 1988 Professor Guillermo Velarde, founder of the Instituto de Fusión Nuclear (IFN), chaired the 19th European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter held in Madrid on 3–7 October 1988. About 170 scientists from Europe, the Soviet Union, United States, Japan, Canada, Israel, Australia, China, and South Africa participated in the ECLIM 88. ECLIM 88 was among ECLIM's series a turning point in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The work already performed by different laboratories in Europe, Japan, and around the world had reached a level such that without explicitly expressing it, the collective scientific consensus wanted a change in the existing close policies in several ICF areas at large Laboratories in the USA, Russia, France, and UK.

Dr. Erik Storm from the US Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory proposed to Professor Velarde to write a letter to be signed by the participants of the ECLIM in favor of having an open international collaboration in ICF. Professor Velarde then suggested drawing up a manifesto instead of a letter because the name manifesto had bigger historical connotations. The manifesto received a very successful response among the conference participants and was signed by more than 130 scientists. Our paper aims at twofold objective: (1) to put into account the positive repercussions derived from the MADRID MANIFESTO in the ICF research and (2) to remember the figure of Professor Guillermo Velarde, the most influential physicist in nuclear fusion energy by inertial confinement along the 20th century. His inspiration and leadership in science contributed to make this world a safer and secure place and for us, his disciples and colleagues, an irreplaceable personality in our lives.
A Multibody Dynamics Approach to Limit Cycle Walking
Authors: He Jiawei , Ren Gexue
Published: April 2019

Though significant efforts are made to develop mathematical models of the limit cycle walking (LCW), there is still a lack of a general and efficient framework to study the periodic solution and robustness of a complex model like human with knees, ankles and flat feet. In this study, a numerical framework of the LCW based on general multibody system dynamics is proposed, especially the impacts between the feet and the ground are modeled by Hunt–Crossley normal contact force and Coulomb friction force, and the modeling of the knee locking is presented as well. Moreover, event-based operating strategies are presented to deal with controls for the ground clearance and the knee locking. Importantly, a fast and efficient two-step algorithm is proposed to search for stable periodic gaits. Finally, maximum allowable disturbance is adopted as the index for stability analysis. All these features could be readily implemented in the framework. The presented solution is verified on a compass-like passive dynamic walking (PDW) walker with results in the literature. Based on this framework, a fairly complicated level-walking walkers with ankles and knees under control are analyzed and their periodic gaits are obtained, and surprisingly, double stable periodic gaits with, respectively, low speed and high speed are found.
A generalised quantifier theory of natural language in categorical compositional distributional semantics with bialgebras
Authors: Hedges Jules , Sadrzadeh Mehrnoosh
Published: April 2019

Categorical compositional distributional semantics is a model of natural language; it combines the statistical vector space models of words with the compositional models of grammar. We formalise in this model the generalised quantifier theory of natural language, due to Barwise and Cooper. The underlying setting is a compact closed category with bialgebras. We start from a generative grammar formalisation and develop an abstract categorical compositional semantics for it, and then instantiate the abstract setting to sets and relations and to finite-dimensional vector spaces and linear maps. We prove the equivalence of the relational instantiation to the truth theoretic semantics of generalised quantifiers. The vector space instantiation formalises the statistical usages of words and enables us to, for the first time, reason about quantified phrases and sentences compositionally in distributional semantics.
Preface
Authors: de Paiva Valeria , de Queiroz Ruy
Published: April 2019

This volume collects together extended and improved versions of papers presented at the twentysecond Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and, Computation (WoLLIC 2015) held at the School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. WoLLIC is an annual international forum on inter-disciplinary research involving formal logic, computing and programming theory, and natural language and reasoning. Each meeting includes invited talks and tutorials as well as contributed papers. Contributions were invited on all appropriate subjects of Logic, Language, Information, and Computation, with particular interest in cross-disciplinary topics.
Successful childbirth in a Fontan with protein losing enteropathy
Authors: Ryan Kristi N. , Leonardi Michael R. , Hasselman Ty E.
Published: April 2019

As survival rates and functional status of the adult single ventricle population have grown, some may become pregnant inadvertently or against our advice. The outcomes are often poor, being worse for the fetus/baby rather than the mother with a Fontan circuit. No reports of a successful delivery of a healthy baby to a Fontan mother with protein losing enteropathy were found in the literature. We present one such case.
Disaster Management: Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Willingness, and Preparedness among Nigerian Dentists
Authors: Odai Emeka Danielson , Azodo Chinedu Clement , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav
Published: April 2019

Objective:

This study’s objective was to explore the disaster management knowledge, attitude, behavior, willingness, and assistance among Nigerian dentists.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in Edo State (Nigeria) among selected Nigerian dentists that attended the Annual Scientific Conference of School of Dentistry, University of Benin (Benin City, Nigeria) between 2016 and 2017. The 54-item, modified Chhabra, et al disaster management questionnaire, which elicited information on demographic characteristics, disaster management knowledge, attitude, preparedness, and willingness, was the data collection tool.

Results:

A total of 126 dentists participated in the study, giving a 68.1% retrieval rate. The willingness to render assistance in the case of disaster among the participants was 95.2%. More than three-quarters (81.0%) reported that they had not received any disaster management training and 92.9% reported that they were not familiar with any government paper on response to disaster. The mean disaster management knowledge and attitude scores were 16.95 (SD = 0.40) and 34.62 (SD = 0.56), respectively. Disaster management knowledge had positive significant correlation with attitude and behavior. The disaster management attitude had positive significant correlation with behavior and negative significant correlation with preparedness. Disaster management behavior had positive significant correlation with preparedness and willingness to render assistance. Willingness to render assistance had significant correlation with preparedness.

Conclusion:

Data from this study revealed high-level of willingness to render assistance in disaster, high disaster management attitude, but with low disaster management knowledge, behavior, and preparedness. The significant correlation between knowledge, attitude, behavior, and preparedness implies that training will offer immense benefit.

Odai ED, Azodo CC, Chhabra KG. Disaster management: knowledge, attitude, behavior, willingness, and preparedness among Nigerian dentists.Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):132–136
A Facebook Page Created Soon After the Amatrice Earthquake for Deaf Adults and Children, Families, and Caregivers Provides an Easy Communication Tool and Social Satisfaction in Maxi-Emergencies
Authors: Rotondi Luca , Zuddas Marta , Marsella Pasquale , Rosati Paola
Published: April 2019

Although international and Italian conventions have issued numerous communication protocols to assist people with disabilities during earthquakes or other maxi-emergencies, no tailored strategies exist to create and disseminate information online to deaf people. On August 24, 2016, a devastating earthquake destroyed Amatrice in Central Italy. This natural disaster underlined the lack of information on disabled people possibly involved and the lack of tailored, online communication tools. Having various registries listing disabled residents in the earthquake area might have benefitted emergency procedures. To access information easily and expedite risk management, the authors developed an online information tool for deaf persons, their families, and caregivers. Within hours after the earthquake, they published a Facebook page (Facebook, Inc.; Menlo Park, California USA) including a video provided with subtitles, Italian sign language, and service numbers. Those who accessed the Facebook page spread the information to other social media. Although no registry yet specifies figures, the annual incidence of approximately three to five/1,000 new deaf persons diagnosed in Italy implies that around 5.4% of the total 43,507 Italian deaf people live in the earthquake territory, and presumably 1.3% are younger than 18 years of age. The Facebook page obtained unexpectedly numerous accesses and satisfaction from deaf adults and families with deaf children, as well as hearing family relatives and caregivers. A total of 60% deaf and 10% hearing people asked for more information. Despite limitations, the effort to develop a page for deaf people and their families, via a world-wide social media, permits fast access, outlines safety precautions during maxi-emergencies, and disseminates essential information designed for deaf people on civil protection services. The Facebook page provides a replicable example for developing similar, user-friendly, online tools for disabled groups to disseminate important safety information after earthquakes or other maxi-emergencies.

Rotondi L, Zuddas M, Marsella P, Rosati P. A Facebook page created soon after the Amatrice Earthquake for deaf adults and children, families, and caregivers provides an easy communication tool and social satisfaction in maxi-emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):137–141