bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Re-analysis of the Series 64 Performance Data
Authors: MacPherson Donald
Published: April 2021

The Series 64 has been an oft-cited resource for the resistance prediction of high-speed transom-stern round-bilge hull forms since publication of Yeh’s paper (1965). Its range of parameters is extensive, making it one of only a few sets of test data for long and slender hulls. In the course of this author’s planned development of a computational prediction model based on the Series 64 data, significant outliers in the expected series family of curves were revealed and it became evident that there were inconsistencies in the relative relationships between hulls in the series. This prompted a re-analysis of the series to identify potentially erroneous test results and conclusions in the original work, so as to remove them from the numerical data set for a proposed computational model.
Impact Pressures on the Bottom of a Prismatic Planing Hull During Water Impact
Authors: Judge Carolyn Q. , Judge John A. , Ikeda Christine M.
Published: April 2021

High-speed planing boats are subject to repeated slamming impacts, which can cause structural damage and discomfort or injury to passengers. The structural and seakeeping aspects of the design of high-speed craft are mainly determined through empirical estimates of mean and peak pressures. The primary structural guideline (Allen and Jones, 1978) relies heavily on semi-empirical criteria that are not always accurate and have limited application. The Allen and Jones guidelines provide conservative estimates leading to sufficient structural design, but do not provide enough guidance to allow strategic reduction in structural weight. Structural design depends on the hull bottom pressures while information about the magnitudes of peak pressures, time durations, and locations along the hull is generally not available. Model tests conducted at the US Naval Academy have measured bottom pressures on a prismatic planing hull geometry during operation in waves (both regular and irregular). Pressures were measured at point locations and using a two-dimensional pressure pad to examine how pressures change in both time and space during a water impact. Rosen (2005) presents a method for reconstructing the momentary pressure distribution during a hull-water impact. This method allows the measurements of a propagating pressure segment in one position of the hull at one instant in time to be associated with other positions at other instants in time (as determined from several different point pressure measurements). Morabito (2014) presents an empirical method for calculating the pressure distribution on the bottom of prismatic planing hulls. The method can be extended to the impact problem by use of an “equivalent” planing velocity. This paper compares the planing pressures predicted by Morabito's empirical method with the recreated pressure distribution determined from Rosen's method.
A Numerical Investigation over the Cavitating Flow Regime of a 2D-Hydrofoil
Authors: Bonfiglio Luca , Brizzolora Stefano
Published: April 2021

The advances in sailing boat races have been greatly proven in the recent America’s Cup competition. Sailing boats have reached speeds above 40 knots with a simple concept: the wetted surface of the hull is minimized and the required displacement is obtained through a lifting force produced by submerged hydrofoils working at very high speeds. This is a well-known concept in naval architecture that has been exploited since the beginning of the 20th Century. Hydrofoils used in sailing boat races are yet not designed for cavitating flow, but major changes in the design will be needed in case speed increases above 50 knots. When highspeed crafts (including fast sailing boats) operate significantly above the planing threshold speed, the convenience of completely or partially supporting their weight by lifting hydrofoils is evident (Du Cane (1964)). A very low pressure field induced by high in flow speed triggers water vaporization at ambient temperature: cavitation cannot be avoided and foil shape has to be designed with the goal of maintaining a stable flow regime eventually com-promising the lift. When craft speed arise above 50 knots, the de-sign philosophy for the basic section of the lifting hydrofoil has to radically change and turn to super-cavitating hydrofoils (Auslaender [1962]) being the final goal addressed towards the delay and stabilization of the cavity shape over the hydrofoil surface. In super-cavitating regimes the suction surface of the hydrofoil is fully enveloped in the cavity which (typically) detaches at the leading edge of the foil and closes in the wake well aft the trailing edge. The pressure side of the hydrofoil is the only responsible for lift generation thus the main design target is represented by the shape of the foil surface. Several simplified theories assuming steady state potential flow (mentioned later in this introduction) were developed in the past to deal with this essential design problem.
Determination of Hydrodynamic Coefficients in Roll Motion of High-Speed Planing Hulls
Authors: Tavakoli Sasan , Ghadimi Parviz , Dashtimanesh Abbas , Sahoo Prasanta K.
Published: April 2021

Observations by crew of high-speed planing boats and sea trial tests have indicated that high-speed planing hulls suffer poor longitudinal and transverse instabilities, and boat may experience unfavorable motions due to any small environmental excitation. In this regard, dynamic motions of planing boats have been investigated over the last thirty years, during which innovative linear and nonlinear methods have been developed .In these studies, different method s have been developed by various authors to determine forces and moments acting on the hull. However, majority of investigators have focused on vertical motions of planning boats in waves (such as Zarnick [1978], Hicks and Troesch [1994] etc.) and few researchers have only attempted to model motions in transverse and horizontal planes including sway, yaw and roll motions. Furthermore, most of researches dealing with transverse and horizontal planning motions, were experimentally conducted (such as Judge [2010], Morabito et al [2014] etc). There exist only few articles, in which mathematical models for transverse motion have been developed. Therefore, it is needed to develop as implemathematical models for prediction of transverse motions of planing boats for use in conceptual design phase. During the last five years, there has been an increased interesting study of transverse motions, and in the current paper, an attempt has been made for a mathematical study of roll motion of planning hulls.
Validation of CFD-MBD FSI for High-Fidelity Simulations of Full-Scale WAM-V Sea-Trials with Suspended Payload
Authors: Mousaviraad Maysam , Conger Michael , Stern Frederick , Peterson Andrew , Ahmadian Mehdi
Published: April 2021

High-fidelity CFD-MBD FSI (Computational Fluid Dynamics - Multi Body Dynamics Fluid-Structure Interaction) code development and validation by full-scale experiments is presented, for a novel hull form, WAM-V (Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel). FSI validation experiments include cylinder drop with suspended mass and 33-ft WAM-V sea-trials. Calm water and single-wave sea-trails were with the original suspension, while the rough-water testing was with a second generation suspension. CFD Ship-Iowa is used as CFD solver, and is coupled to Matlab Simulink MBD models for cylinder drop and second generation WAM-V suspension. For 1DOF cylinder drop, CFD verification and validation (V&V) studies are carried out including grid and time-step convergence. CFD-MBD results for 2DOF cylinder drop show that 2-way coupling is required to capture all important physics. Overall, 2-way results are validated with an overall average error value of E=5.6%DR for 2DOF cylinder drop. For WAM-V in calm water, CFD-MBD 2-way results for relative pod angle are validated with E=16.3%DR. For single-wave, CFD-MBD results show that 2-way coupling significantly improves the prediction of the peak amplitude in pontoon motions, while the trough amplitudes in suspension motions are under-predicted. The same under-prediction is observed in EFD-MBD (un-coupled MBD), likely due to using second generation suspension properties. The current CFD-MBD 2-way results for single-wave are validated with E=19.8%DR. For rough-water, simulations are carried out in regular head waves representative of the irregular seas. CFD-MBD 2-way results are validation with E=23%D for statistical values and the Fourier analysis results, which is reasonable given the differences between simulation waves and experiments.
Numerical Analysis of Planing Boats in Regular and Irregular Head Waves Using a 2D+t Method
Authors: Haase Hendrik , Soproni Jan P. , Abdel-Maksoud Moustafa
Published: April 2021

A large number of small craft with a demand of high speed are planing vessels (Faltinsen, 2005). Their hulls are designed to plane, a condition, in which the boat's weight is carried mainly by hydrodynamic rather than hydrostatic forces. In order to reach the state of stable planing, planing hulls usually have hard chines, a transom stern and a certain deadrise angle, which is often constant in the aft and becomes larger towards the bow. Smaller deadrise angles are associated with a higher dynamic lift, which is often beneficial for the calm water performance. However, smaller deadrise angles also lead to higher vertical accelerations the crew is exposed to when the boat travels in rough water. To ensure good performance in all operating conditions, a hydrodynamic evaluation of the boat's behaviour both in calm water and in waves is important.
Opinions on Qualifications of Surveyors of Care for Children with Disabilities in Japan
Authors: Horiguchi Toshihiro , Uchiyama Tokio , Ozawa Atsushi , Matsubasa Tadashi , Watanabe Kenichirou , Adachi Jun , Inada Naoko
Published: April 2021

To assure the quality of care for children with disabilities, opinions on the qualifications and training programmes for surveyors of the care for children with disabilities were collected in case Japan implemented the new assessment system that specialised in care for children with disabilities. To illustrate the career pathway and to compare the system with other inspection systems overseas, this study employed a triangle model using education years as the scale. The questionnaires were twice mailed to all the administration adequacy committees and grievance committees. Seventeen committees replied. Results revealed the average number of years of education was 4.6 years and 7 years for applicants and inexperienced surveyors, respectively. The recommended duration of training programmes was 27.8 hours on average. The respondents appeared to expect extremely high qualifications to be obtained in rapid training in comparison to overseas inspectors; however, this was not uncommon in Japan. The ministry shared our findings for the improved survey. Indices of the triangle model will be beneficial to compare qualifications and evaluate training programmes.
Psychology of the Subject's Self-Regulatory Activity in the Context of Hybrid Warfare
Authors: Makarchuk Nataliia , Kulinenko Liliia , Vasylieva Olga , Zhurkova Olga , Makarchuk Liudmila , Mozoliuk Elena
Published: April 2021

Objective: The main tasks of this study are as follows: to substantiate the interdependence of perversion as a form of violence and the human ego in the context of hybrid warfare; to prove the existence of perversion as a form of violence against a person in the context of hybrid warfare in Ukraine (personal perversion); to describe the alteration of ego states as conditions for effective human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare.
Background: Hybrid warfare, including the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, as a phenomenon, has been widely studied both abroad and in Ukraine. However, there are very few works on the psychological impact of such a war. There are currently no works on disorders of human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare, which makes the study unique and relevant.
Method: The study used a combination of various methods, in particular, structural-clinical interviews, psychological counseling and therapeutic meetings, data analysis. Data were collected for 2014-2020. The total number of participants was 55 people aged 25 to 63 years, with 70% female and 30% male.
Results: The latent tension and denial of hybrid warfare result in a gradual increase of neurotization, which is in 95% of cases passes into a neurosis state with concomitant manifestations of symptoms. There is also a deterioration in psychological well-being and phylogenetic disorders (erogenous dysfunction in men, uncontrolled neurotic masturbation in women). Disorders of the mental level of self-regulation determine the manifestation of the mental content of perversion, in which perversion takes on the character of intrapersonal functioning.
Conclusion: The combination of disorders of the physical, mental and personal levels of the self-regulatory activity of the psyche increased perverse tendencies in social and political life, which provoked a high rate of psychotization of the entire society and an increase in deficit characterological manifestations of each individual.
Internal Factors of Development of Psychological Readiness for Professional Activities in Cynologist Officers
Authors: Radchuk Halyna , Afanasiev Anatolii , Sofiian Dmytro , Adamska Zoriana , Perig Iryna
Published: April 2021

The purpose of our research is to carry out empirical study and analysis of internal factors of the development of psychological readiness for professional activities in cynologist officers. The article gives empirical evidence of internal factors of psychological readiness for professional activities in cynologist officers. The motivational and purposive, active and operational, emotional and volitional, reflexive and controlling components of psychological readiness are outlined. Three internal factors of psychological readiness of cynologist officers for professional activities are identified and analysed with the help of factor analysis of empirical indicators: awareness of psychological readiness for professional activities, a responsible subjective position, the ability to act independently, and take decisions.
Estimation of Abuse by Teachers in Special Needs Schools in Japan
Authors: Horiguchi Toshihiro , Takanashi Kenji , Sato Shoichi , Sone Naoki
Published: April 2021

Children with disabilities are at high risk of being abused at school by their teachers. Based on legislation in Japan, the authors assessed the implementation of measures to prevent abuse and reasonable accommodations (arrangements) available at special needs schools in Japan. Government data has concentrated only on physical maltreatment by teachers; thus, we also collected grievances from parents to estimate the prevalence rate of abuse at special education settings. Of the 1,077 schools that were sent questionnaires, 333 completed them. Educational programmes for staff were the most common measure employed to prevent abuse. Various forms of support, including communication with internet-communication technology, were provided in relation to reasonable accommodations. After the implementation of the abuse prevention act for persons with disabilities, 14 (4.20%) schools reported grievances from parents claiming that their child had been bullied by teachers. Because Japan does not have educational inspection systems, such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, we assumed the incidence rate. Provided that all the grievances were related to abuse, the incidence rate was 0.02–0.05% (95% CI).
COVID-19 Pandemic Planning and Preparedness for Institutions Serving People Living With Disabilities in South Africa: An Opportunity For Continued Service and Food Security
Authors: Mzini Loraine Boitumelo (LB)
Published: April 2021

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic just about three months after its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The outbreak of COVID-19 launched the world into a public health crisis, impacting families, schools, and communities in unprecedented ways. This paper examines the existence of pandemic planning and preparedness for institutions serving PLWD in order to ensure continued service for its users. The research also analyses the considerations applied to address the challenges that a pandemic will present. This study comes at an opportune moment when institutions serving PLWD become overwhelmed and face possible closure of their facilities. As COVID-19 continues to have wide-reaching impacts across the globe, it is important to understand how persons with disabilities are uniquely impacted by the pandemic, including health, education, and food security.
Method: A qualitative study was considered complemented by telephone interviews in two facilities (Evaton and Katlehong) serving PLWD were used as a case study.
Results: The paper concludes that adequate pandemic planning and preparedness in response to COVID-19 are critical to saving both lives and livelihoods and continuous service delivery. The respondents articulated a need for inclusive strategies where disabled people are involved as consultants and partners, not just as users.
Conclusion: Diligent planning was found to be essential. The results highlight the role of the institutions serving PLWD in being effective and supporting service delivery and food security.
The Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the Development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Southern Africa
Authors: Ojo-Fafore Elizabeth , Aigbavboa Clinton , Thwala Wellington
Published: April 2021

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is gradually gaining momentum in a wide range, and as it gathers pace, innovations are becoming faster, more efficient, and widely accessible than before. However, due to the outbreak of Covid 19, the world had seen a shift in the traditional ways in all aspects of human activities, especially in the socio-economic sector. This paper explores the effect of Covid19 on the development of the fourth industrial revolution in the Southern African region and will review the literature on pandemic and its effect on industrial revolutions. It will also review the literature on the fourth industrial revolution, the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic, and its effect on the development of the fourth industrial revolution in Southern Africa.
The Communication Barriers in a Ukrainian Family: Adultery and Socio-Psychological Aspects
Authors: Prib Hlib A. , Bondar Svitlana S.
Published: April 2021

A common cause of disruption of family communication is adultery, which creates a traumatic situation and even leads to family destruction. The purpose of the article is to investigate sexual and psychosocial disorders in family communication under adultery—research methods. The study used validity methods «Eysenck Inventory of Attitudes to Sex» and «Diagnostics of the inferiority complex». Statistical methods. For the non-parametric data correlation variables, the Spearman coefficient was used, Kendall's, Pearson's.
Results: The present study found the destructive effect of the psychological characteristics of sexuality on family functioning in CGA. The connection between disappointment with existing sexual relations and desire for sexual satisfaction was established (p <0.05). Conflicts between beliefs and internal impulses were detected (p <0.05). It was found that treating a partner as a sexual object without finding sensual pleasure correlated with intolerance to a verbal description of bed scenes (p <0.05). Sexual shyness is a characteristic of couples with sexual inactivity and aversion to sexual manifestations (p <0.05). In turn, the difficulty of acquiring sexual excitement correlated with a fascination with only physical sex without its spiritual component (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Features of the psychological response of men and women in CGA and CG in the genesis and development of impaired family life are connected to the following: a great number of complexes and constant struggle with personal weaknesses, drawbacks, mistakes; fear of analyzing oneself and one's own actions by "hiding" and "postponing" the resolution; inflated self-esteem, self-deception, living in the so-called "imaginary world", low communication (p <0.05).
Ambiguous Boeslunde Figure
Authors: Borake Trine Louise
Published: April 2021

This article presents a unique female figure found in Boeslunde, Zealand, Denmark. It stands at just 1.5 cm and is made of gilded silver with remarkably refined details. The date of the figure is discussed based on details of her garments, accessories, and hairstyle and she is compared to other archaeological representations and finds. Based on these criteria, a dating to the Late Iron Age/Early Viking Age is proposed. Her function is likewise discussed. By means of an examination of parallel finds, the figure’s function as a gaming piece or garment accessory has been ruled out. It is argued that she functioned as an amulet and her features are evaluated and discussed. Contemplating the figure from a ritual perspective, her necklace appears to be a significant attribute, an observation which has great implications for other representations such as the Odin-from-Lejre figure. It is, further considered whether her necklace is a representation of Freyja´s Brisingamen, and the little figure thus a depiction of Freyja, herself. Lastly, the intentionally differentiated shape and size of her eyes and their symbolic meaning is evaluated, and parallels are examined and discussed.
Validation of a Locally Designed Computed Tomography Dose Phantom: A Comparison Study with a Standard Acrylic Phantom in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Tobi Anwuli Christiana , Mokobia Chukwuka Emmanuel , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Omojola Akintayo Daniel
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the mean volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) for the standard head and body phantoms and locally designed head and body phantoms respectively. Similarly, this study determined and compared the displayed mean CTDIvol and Dose Length Product (DLP) for the above phantoms from the CT monitor. In addition, the percentage deviations of both phantoms were compared with the recommended limits from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the American College of Radiologists (ACR). Materials and

Methods: Dose measurements were made using a standard polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) phantom for head and body as well as a locally designed phantom with four CT scanners using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs). The locally designed phantoms were made using a PMMA sheet, which was bent to give the desired cylindrical shape and was made like the standard phantoms. The constructed phantom was filled with water and the TLD chips were inserted into the center and peripheries of the phantoms to obtain the absorbed doses.

Results: The CTDIvol for the standard head and body phantom for center A was 66.97 and 21.85mGy and for B was 23.39 and 6.29mGy respectively. Similarly, the CTDIvol for the constructed head and body phantom for center A was 63.91 and 19.84mGy and for B was 24.67 and 6.30mGy respectively. The uncertainty between the standard and constructed head phantoms for centers A and B was 4.6 and 5.5% respectively, while that of the standard and constructed body phantoms for centers A and B was 9.2 and 0.0% respectively. The maximum percent deviation from the console CTDIvol and DLP values with the four phantoms for centers A and B was within ±20%. The mean correction factors for the head and body were 0.998 and 1.05 respectively.

Conclusion: The uncertainties obtained in this study were within the IAEA and ACR recommended value of ±20%. The constructed phantom proved useful for CT dose measurements.
Student health behavior and academic performance
Authors: Reuter Peter R. , Forster Bridget L.
Published: April 2021

Objective

To explore the association between health behaviors and habits of university students and academic achievement.

Participants

Six hundred fourteen undergraduate students at a state university in the United States.

Methods

Students were invited over a 2-year period to participate in an anonymous online survey that asked questions concerning a wide range of health behaviors and habits; participants were asked to report their current grade point average (GPA). Standard Least Squares Models were used to examine differences in self-reported GPA across the different health behaviors and habits, with individuals as replicates.

Results

The study found positive associations between breakfast consumption, physical activity, and strength training and self-reported GPA, and negative associations between the hours of sleep per night, hours worked per week, fast food and energy drinks consumption, and use of marijuana, alcohol and electronic vaping products.

Conclusions

While there is an association for some of the studied health behaviors and habits with self-reported GPA, the effect sizes for these health behaviors were low. The significant effect of vaping on GPA as well as the increased use reported in this study indicates that the topic should be explored further. Furthermore, students should be educated on the potential positive and negative effects of health behavior choices to help them make better choices.
A new fossil mantis shrimp and the convergent evolution of a lobster-like morphotype
Authors: Haug Carolin , Haug Joachim T.
Published: April 2021

Eumalacostracan crustaceans all have a more or less stereotypic body organisation in the sense of tagmosis. Originally, this included a head with six segments (ocular segment plus five appendage-bearing segments), a thorax region with eight segments, and a pleon with six segments. Interestingly, despite these restrictions in variability in terms of tagmosis, the morphological diversity within Eumalacostraca is rather high. A group providing representative examples that are commonly known is Decapoda. Decapodan crustaceans include shrimp-like forms, lobster-like forms and crab-like forms. The stem species of Eucarida, the group including Decapoda and Euphausiacea, presumably possessed a rather shrimp-like morphology, quite similar to the stem species of Eumalacostraca. Also two other lineages within Eumalacostraca, namely Hoplocarida (with the mantis shrimps as modern representatives) and Neocarida (with the sister groups Thermosbaenacea and Peracarida) evolved from the shrimp-like body organisation to include a lobster-like one. In this study, we demonstrate that the stepwise evolution towards a lobster morphotype occurred to a certain extent in similar order in these three lineages, Hoplocarida, Eucarida and Peracarida, leading to similar types of derived body organisation. This evolutionary reconstruction is based not only on observations of modern fauna, but especially on exceptionally preserved Mesozoic fossils, including the description of a new species of mantis shrimps bridging the morphological gap between the more ancestral-appearing Carboniferous forms and the more modern-appearing Jurassic forms. With this, Mesozoic eumalacostracans represent an important (if not unique) ‘experimental set-up’ for research on factors leading to convergent evolution, the understanding of which is still one of the puzzling challenges of modern evolutionary theory.
Evaluation potential of PGPR to protect tomato against Fusarium wilt and promote plant growth
Authors: Syed Nabi Rizwana begum , Shahzad Raheem , Tayade Rupesh , Shahid Muhammad , Hussain Adil , Ali Muhammad Waqas , Yun Byung-Wook
Published: April 2021

Soilborne fungal diseases are most common among vegetable crops and have major implications for crop yield and productivity. Eco-friendly sustainable agriculture practices that can overcome biotic and abiotic stresses are of prime importance. In this study, we evaluated the ability of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus aryabhattai strain SRB02 to control the effects of tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (strain KACC40032) and promote plant growth. In vitro bioassays showed significant inhibition of fungal growth by SRB02. Inoculation of susceptible and tolerant tomato cultivars in the presence of SRB02 showed significant protection of the cultivar that was susceptible to infection and promotion of plant growth and biomass production in both of the cultivars. Further analysis of SRB02-treated plants revealed a significantly higher production of amino acids following infection by F. oxysporum. Analysis of plant defense hormones after inoculation by the pathogen revealed a significantly higher accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), with a concomitant reduction in jasmonic acid (JA). These results indicate that B. aryabhattai strain SRB02 reduces the effects of Fusarium wilt disease in tomato by modulating endogenous phytohormones and amino acid levels.
NGScloud2: optimized bioinformatic analysis using Amazon Web Services
Authors: Mora-Márquez Fernando , Vázquez-Poletti José Luis , López de Heredia Unai
Published: April 2021

Background

NGScloud was a bioinformatic system developed to perform de novo RNAseq analysis of non-model species by exploiting the cloud computing capabilities of Amazon Web Services. The rapid changes undergone in the way this cloud computing service operates, along with the continuous release of novel bioinformatic applications to analyze next generation sequencing data, have made the software obsolete. NGScloud2 is an enhanced and expanded version of NGScloud that permits the access to ad hoc cloud computing infrastructure, scaled according to the complexity of each experiment.

Methods

NGScloud2 presents major technical improvements, such as the possibility of running spot instances and the most updated AWS instances types, that can lead to significant cost savings. As compared to its initial implementation, this improved version updates and includes common applications for de novo RNAseq analysis, and incorporates tools to operate workflows of bioinformatic analysis of reference-based RNAseq, RADseq and functional annotation. NGScloud2 optimizes the access to Amazon’s large computing infrastructures to easily run popular bioinformatic software applications, otherwise inaccessible to non-specialized users lacking suitable hardware infrastructures.

Results

The correct performance of the pipelines for de novo RNAseq, reference-based RNAseq, RADseq and functional annotation was tested with real experimental data, providing workflow performance estimates and tips to make optimal use of NGScloud2. Further, we provide a qualitative comparison of NGScloud2 vs. the Galaxy framework. NGScloud2 code, instructions for software installation and use are available at https://github.com/GGFHF/NGScloud2. NGScloud2 includes a companion package, NGShelper that contains Python utilities to post-process the output of the pipelines for downstream analysis at https://github.com/GGFHF/NGShelper.
English vowel perception by non-native speakers: impact of audio and visual training modalities
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Pereira Reyes Yasna , Hazan Valerie ,   University College London (Reino Unido)
Published: April 2021

Perception of sounds of a second language (L2) presents difficulties for non-native speakers which can be improved with training (Bradlow, Pisoni, Akahane-Yamada & Tohkura, 1997; Logan, Lively & Pisoni, 1991; Iverson & Evans, 2009). The aim of this study was to compare three different English vowel perceptual training programmes using audio (A), audiovisual (AV) and video (V) modes in non-native speakers with Spanish as native language (L1). 47 learners of English with Spanish as L1 were allocated to three different vowel training groups (AT, AVT, VT) and were given five training sessions to assess their improvement in English vowel perception. Additionally, participants were recorded before and after training to measure their improvement in the production of English vowels. Results showed that participants improved their perception and production of English vowels regardless of their training modality with no evidence of a benefit of visual information. These results also suggest that there is a lot of individual differences in perception and production of L2 vowels which may be related to a complex relation between speech perceptual and production mechanisms.
(Indirect) requests in Natural Language Processing: a preliminary theoretical proposal
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Luzondo Oyón Alba , Mairal Usón Ricardo ,   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on conventionalized and non-conventionalized indirect speech acts, and more concretely, on (indirect) requests. We do so within a Natural Language Processing environment called FunGramKB, which adheres to a cognitively-oriented Construction Grammar view of language. Here, conventionalized formulations like Can you X? are treated as constructions in their own right; that is, as entrenched form-meaning pairings and, thus, they are not considered indirect. By contrast, non-conventionalized formulations such as those instantiated by negative state remarks (e.g. I’m hungry) require degrees of inferencing for interpretation. Both types are computationally handled in different modules of FunGramKB. Our aim is to show that a cognitive version of Construction Grammar can offer a solution to the computational treatment of illocution.
Uma cidade, o garimpo de esmeraldas e a decadência: o caso de Santa Terezinha de Goiás
Authors: Matsuura Fudio , Pasqualetto Antônio , Ferreira Ubirajara De Lima
Published: April 2021

Foi a mineração que deu origem a cidades na região norte de Goiás. Neste artigo se objetiva avaliar se o processo de ocupação do território deparou com problemas sociais, econômicos e institucionais, e analisar as mudanças ocorridas na região com a descoberta das minas de esmeraldas.A metodologia envolveu pesquisa de campo com a aplicação de questionários a 116 pessoas para verificar como a população percebia historicamente a territorialidade e o desenvolvimento trazido (ou não) pelo garimpo. Consideraram-se, para tanto, três etapas: a cidade antes do garimpo, a cidade com o garimpo e a cidade e a decadência do garimpo. Os resultados evidenciaram que a exploração de esmeraldas causou impactos socioeconômicos na infraestrutura da cidade, levando a um rápido desenvolvimento econômico local, posteriormente desarticulado com a decadência dessa atividade, e então caminhando para um cenário de degradação e abandono. A cidade de Santa Terezinha de Goiás segue a lógica das cidades mineradoras do Brasil, marcadas por desenvolvimento rápido e não planejado, população flutuante, agressão ao meio ambiente e esvaziamento urbano e regional.
Sistema Regional de Inovação Catarinense: determinantes de seu desempenho
Authors: Garcia Ana Claudia , Bittencourt Pablo Felipe
Published: April 2021

O desempenho econômico catarinense das últimas décadas tem sido superior, tanto ao de estados de matriz produtiva diversificada, quanto ao de especializados no setor agrícola. O presente artigo oferece uma análise sistêmica da capacidade inovadora de Santa Catarina, relacionando-a ao bom desempenho econômico estrutural, o que inclui sinais de um processo virtuoso de mudança estrutural schumpeteriano. Todas as atividades (determinantes) da inovação, possíveis para um sistema regional de inovação, foram objeto de análise deste estudo, quase sempre em comparação aos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e do Paraná, unidades da federação contíguas e similares a Santa Catarina. Utilizou-se do referencial de sistemas de inovação para selecionar cinco determinantes capazes de sustentar o bom desempenho catarinense. A análise ressaltou particularidades como: a histórica agressividade tecnológica de grandes empresas, os laços de aprendizagem estimulados pela proximidade locacional, a capacidade de absorver mão-de-obra qualificada, e o desenvolvimento institucional em torno do apoio a empresas de base tecnológica como determinantes sistêmicos do desempenho econômico estrutural.
Exploring perceptions of alcohol use in two Indian states: A qualitative study from Delhi and Haryana, India
Authors: Arora Monika , Tewari Abha , Bassi Shalini , Chauhan Kavita , Bhasin Shikha , Bakshi Ann-Sofie , Andréasson Sven
Published: April 2021

Arora, M., Tewari, A., Bassi, S., Chauhan, K., Bhasin, S., Bakshi, A., & Andréasson, S. (2017). Exploring perceptions of alcohol use in two Indian states: A qualitative study from Delhi and Haryana, India. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 1-6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.238Aims: To explore perceptions and determinants influencing alcohol consumption, with a view to inform development of suitable policies to control alcohol consumption.Methodology: Focus group discussions (FGDs) (n=24) were conducted in two Indian states among the rural Haryana (n=8 FGDs; 58 participants) and urban Delhi (n=16 FGDs; 113 participants) populations. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants, who were from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) groups and in the age group of 18–58 years.Results: Different factors influence alcohol consumption in high and low SES groups. The age of initiation is now as low as 10–12 years, attributable to the recent trend of increased accessibility. The participants agreed that alcohol consumption has now become a more acceptable part of daily living, whereas earlier it was limited to special occasions and festivals. This has contributed to an increase in drinking. Drinking among women was earlier a taboo, but now women (mainly of high SES), are often seen drinking at social gatherings. The respondents mentioned weak enforcement of regulatory policies related to alcohol consumption and sales.Conclusions: A shift in attitudes was observed towards drinking. Drinking is increasingly seen as a part of daily life. The availability of alcohol is perceived to be increasing and restrictions on sale are not effectively enforced. There is an urgent need to re-evaluate the alcohol policy from a public health perspective in India.
Coral Reef Cover and Diversity on Tinabo Besar Island, Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi
Authors: Aditama Ivan , Junianto .
Published: April 2021

Research related to coral reef cover and diversity on Tinabo Besar Island was carried out in 2018, so it is necessary to conduct further research to determine the cover and diversity of coral reefs on Tinabo Besar Island in a sustainable manner (Time series) in order to improve the quality of coral reef ecosystems in the waters and management of national park area. This research was conducted from 9 July 2019 to 7 August 2019 at Taka Bonerate National Park, Selayar Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Location of data collection on Tinabo Besar Island. The data taken includes coral reef cover with 4 stations representing the wind directions, namely north, south, east, and west. Coral reef data were collected using the LIT (Line Intercept Transact) method. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the percentage of coral reef cover on the island of Tinabo Besar, Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi ranged from 25.80% to 45.80%. The diversity is in the medium category with the index value (H') ranging from 1 - 3 based on the Shannon - Wienner Index. The average percentage of life corals from the four stations is moderately damaged.
Genotypes x Environments Interaction of Soybean Lines in Various Shading Environments
Authors: Sundari Titik , Susanto G. W. A. , Nugrahaeni Novita , Suhartina . , Purwantoro . , Baliadi Yuliantoro , Mejaya Made J.
Published: April 2021

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) planted in land space among stands of other crops especially forest trees experience shading stress due to less sunlight penetration. The objective of the study was to identify the performance and yield stability of soybean genotypes in various shading environments. Field research was conducted in 2018 on 15 soybean genotypes consisted of 12 promising soybean lines and three check varieties (Dena 1, Dena 2, and Grobogan) in 10 shading environments (cassava, maize, orange, teak, eucalyptus, oil palm, and no shading). Randomized block design and repeated four times was used in each location. Result of the study showed that the response of the genotypes to grain yield was significantly difference in each environment or location. Stability of genotypes were grouped into 3, namely 1 genotype classified as unstable and recommended for less optimal environments, 6 genotypes (5 promising lines and 1 check variety) which were classified as stable and adaptive in 10 test locations, and 8 genotypes (6 promising lines and 2 check varieties) classified as unstable in 10 test locations. Based on seed yield and yield components average, one line (Grob/Pander-395-2) had a high average seed yield (1.84 tha-1), high seeds weight per plant (14.8 g), high weight of 100 seeds (21.6 g), and stable in 10 location (indicated by non significant both regression coefficient and regression deviation). Therefore, Grob/Pander-395-2 could be recommended for being grown in shading environments across the country.
Peritectic Solidification Kinetics and Mechanical Property Enhancement in a Rapidly Solidified Ti–48 at% Al–8 at% Nb Alloy via Hierarchical Twin Microstructure
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang HaiPeng
Published: April 2021

The strength and ductility trade‐off dilemma has limited the wide application of TiAl‐based alloys. Here, a new insight into the potential for increasing the strength and ductility of a hypoperitectic Ti–48 at% Al–8 at% Nb alloy is accomplished by the electromagnetic levitation (EML) technique. Moreover, a systematic analysis of the primary and subsequent peritectic solidification kinetics is conducted in the undercooling range of 308 K. Assisted by a high‐speed camera, in situ observation of the liquid–solid (primary β‐Ti phase and peritectic α‐Ti phase) interface migration is accomplished. When the alloy melt is undercooled to 240 K, high‐ordered nanotwins are observed in the Ti–48 at% Al–8 at% Nb alloy, which form a unique hierarchical microstructure. Upon further increasing the undercooling, the density of these nanotwins is significantly enhanced. The room‐temperature compression results reveal that the strength and ductility increase up to 140% and 150%, respectively. This is mainly ascribed to the remarkable grain refinement, formation of nanotwins with various orientations, accumulation of dislocations and stacking faults, and retention of the metastable γ‐phase. The superior combination of strength and ductility indicates the possibility to fabricate high‐ordered nanotwins via rapid solidification, thus improving the performance of γ‐TiAl‐based alloys.
Smart Doppler Cloak Operating in Broad Band and Full Polarizations
Authors: Zhang Xin Ge , Sun Ya Lun , Yu Qian , Cheng Qiang , Jiang Wei Xiang , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: April 2021

Invisibility cloaks, a class of attractive devices that can hide objects from external observers, have become practical reality owing to the advent of metamaterials. In previous cloaking schemes, almost all demonstrated cloaks are time‐invariant and are investigated in the system that is motionless, and hence they are limited to hide stationary objects. In addition, the current cloaks are typically static or require manual operation to achieve dynamic cloaking. Here, a smart Doppler cloak operating in broadband and full polarizations is reported, which consists of a time‐modulated reflective metasurface and a sensing‐feedback time‐varying electronic control system. Experimental results show that the smart Doppler cloak is able to respond self‐adaptively and rapidly to the ever‐changing velocity of moving objects and then cancel different Doppler shifts in real time, without any human intervention. Moreover, the wideband and polarization‐insensitive features enable the cloak to be more robust and practical. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, the smart Doppler cloak is measured in three scenarios with two different groups of linearly‐polarized incidences at 3.3 and 4.9 GHz, and one group circularly‐polarized incidences at 6.0 GHz, respectively.
Robust Photon Transmission in Nonlinear Parity–Time‐Symmetric Cavities
Authors: Gong Ling‐Pu , Zhang Rui , Chen Xing‐Sen , Tan Yin , Zhang Yu‐Yu
Published: April 2021

Photon transfer in the nonlinear parity–time (PT)‐symmetry system of coupled cavities, which contains nonlinear gain and loss dependent on the intracavity photons, is explored. An analysis based on quantum Langevin equations is presented to study damping dynamics of the conventional scheme, which results in an optimal efficiency by tuning the input frequency dependent on the coupling strength. In the nonlinear PT‐symmetric scheme, it is found that the nonlinear gain saturation can cause the system to reach the steady state that still contains the PT symmetry, and the steady‐state eigenfrequencies self‐adjust to the nonlinear gain saturation for an optimal transfer efficiency. As a consequence, the photons transfer efficiency obtained is robust independent on the coupling strength, which improves the results of the conventional scheme. Meanwhile, the saturated gain in the weak coupling regime does not match the loss in the steady state, exhibiting an appearance of a spontaneous PT symmetry‐breaking. The corresponding transfer efficiency in the PT‐broken regime decreases dependent on the coupling strength. This scheme provides a theoretical proposal to simulate photon transfer in cavities for achieving a robust efficiency.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Benzothiophene/Benzofuran‐Fused Biaryls by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Arene Formation
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Lin , Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Hai‐Ying , Zhou Bang‐An , Ye Song
Published: April 2021

Axially chiral biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products, chiral ligands, and organocatalysts. However, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed de novo construction of an aromatic ring with concomitant axial chirality induction for the synthesis of biaryl atropisomers is far less developed, and the efficient synthesis of axially chiral tetra‐ortho‐substituted biaryls remains an unsolved problem under NHC catalysis. Reported here is an NHC‐catalyzed de novo synthesis of axially chiral benzothiophene/benzofuran‐fused biaryls from enals and 2‐benzyl‐benzothiophene/benzofuran‐3‐carbaldehydes through a [2+4] annulation, decarboxylation, and oxidative aromatization cascade with central‐to‐axial chirality conversion. The developed method provides efficient and general access to novel axially chiral benzothiophene/benzofuran‐fused biaryls in high enantioselectivities and works well for the synthesis of tetra‐ortho‐substituted biaryls.
Electron Beam Irradiation‐Induced Formation of Defect‐Rich Zeolites under Ambient Condition within Minutes
Authors: Chen Junchang , Zhang Mingxing , Shu Jie , Yuan Mengjia , Yan Wenfu , Bai Pu , He Linwei , Shen Nannan , Gong Shicheng , Zhang Duo , Li Jiong , Hu Jiangtao , Li Rong , Wu Guozhong , Chai Zhifang , Yu Jihong , Wang Shuao
Published: April 2021

Zeolites are a well‐known family of microporous aluminosilicate crystals with a wide range of applications. Their industrial synthetic method under hydrothermal condition requires elevated temperature and long crystallization time and is therefore quite energy‐consuming. Herein, we utilize high‐energy electron beam irradiation generated by an industrial accelerator as a distinct type of energy source to activate the formation reaction of Na‐A zeolite. The initial efforts afford an attractive reaction process that can be achieved under ambient conditions and completed within minutes with almost quantitative yield, leading to notable energy saving of one order of magnitude compared to the hydrothermal reaction. More importantly, electron beam irradiation simultaneously exhibits an etching effect during the formation of zeolite generating a series of crystal defects and additional pore windows that can be controlled by irradiation dose. These observations give rise to significantly enhanced surface area and heavy metal removal capabilities in comparison with Na‐A zeolite synthesized hydrothermally. Finally, we show that this method can be applied to many other types of zeolites.