bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Spatial Approach to Marketplace Exclusion and Inclusion
Authors: Saatcioglu Bige , Ozanne Julie L.
Published: December 2012

The authors apply insights from critical spatial theory to explore how space can be reimagined to be more inclusive. The meaning of spaces includes (1) objective physical space, (2) subjective imagined space, and (3) lived space used by consumers. The authors discuss several cases in which different social actors (i.e., consumers, marketers, businesses, and policy makers) exert various forms of agency to achieve power and control in the social space and maximize different goals. They also highlight how critical spatial theories can be extended by marketing researchers. Businesses sometimes have more diverse interests than merely profit maximization and can consider a wider array of other stakeholders’ interests to ensure the long-term survival of the firm. Finally, the authors examine implications for public policy. They point out the usefulness of a critical spatial perspective in such areas as affordable housing, inclusive and democratic retail space development, spatial segregation, and suburban sprawl.
Leptin may enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity in children and women born small for gestational age
Authors: Kistner Anna , Vanpée Mireille , Hall Kerstin
Published: December 2012

Objective

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Lipodystrophy leads to early type 2 diabetes and leptin reverses the metabolic consequences of the disease. Low IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) can predict the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine leptin, insulin, and IGFBP1 in children and adult women born preterm or SGA to evaluate the role of leptin as a compensatory mechanism in insulin resistance development.

Methods

Seventy-six children (8.5–10 years, 41 girls and 35 boys) and 45 women (23–30 years) were studied. The children comprised subjects born appropriate for gestational age (<30 gestational weeks) (n=22), born SGA at term (n=23), and full-term normal-weight controls (n=31). Among the women, the corresponding figures were, n=10, n=18, and n=17 respectively. Fasting levels of IGFBP1, leptin, insulin, and IGF1 were determined and total adiponectin only in women.

Results

In girls and women, term SGA subjects had higher leptin levels in relation to BMI SDS (P=0.042 and P=0.03 respectively). More than half of IGFBP1 variability was explained by leptin and insulin in children. In term SGA women, IGFBP1 level was lower compared with controls (P=0.012) and the regression line of IGFBP1 on insulin was suppressed below −1 s.d. of a reference material.

Conclusion

Leptin levels were elevated in term SGA girls and women, in particular in adult women, but not found in preterm girls and women. IGFBP1 was lower in term SGA women. In children, leptin and insulin were strong suppressors of IGFBP1. We speculate that higher leptin levels could be a protective event to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Investigation of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms in relation to metabolic parameters in Addison's disease
Authors: Ross I L , Levitt N S , Van der Merwe L , Schatz D A , Johannsson G , Dandara C , Pillay T S , Blom D J
Published: December 2012

Background

Uncertainty exists whether glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) polymorphisms play a role in steroid-related side effects in Addison's disease (AD) patients on hydrocortisone. The polymorphismsBcll and N363S appear to increase sensitivity to cortisol, while the ER22/23EK polymorphism has been associated with resistance to cortisol.

Method

One hundred and forty seven AD patients, and gender, and ethnicity-matched controls were recruited in South Africa. Three polymorphisms in the GCR were studied, using PCR followed by restriction fragment length analysis. Associations with BMI, lipids, glucose and inflammatory markers were investigated.

Results

In both patients and controls, theBcll polymorphism occurred more frequently in whites than in other ethnic groups studied but was not associated with any of the metabolic parameters tested. The ER22/23EK polymorphism was associated with an increased BMI in both patients (29.4 vs 24.7 kg/m2) and control subjects (26.3 vs 24.2 kg/m2). The ER22/23EK polymorphism was also associated with lower LDL cholesterol in control subjects (3.46 vs 3.93 mmol/l) and in patients (3.52 vs 4.10 mmol/l). N363S was associated with increased BMI in controls 29.9 kg/m2vs wild type 24.8 kg/m2. Median hydrocortisone doses were greater in patients heterozygous for either ER22/23EK 30.0 mg or N363S 25.0 mg polymorphisms than in wild type patients 20.0 mg (both comparisons).

Conclusion

Alterations in lipids, BMI and hydrocortisone dose were associated with two polymorphisms. Further larger studies are warranted to corroborate these findings.
Self-image – Gypsy-image. The social representation of Gypsies in the Hungarian and in the Italian context
Authors: Bigazzi Sára
Published: December 2012

A kutatás két többségi társadalom, a magyar és az olasz, cigányságról alkotott szociális reprezentációját tárja fel több módszeres megközelítéssel. A jelentéskonstrukciókban talált különbségeket konstruktivista nézőpontból értelmezi: a két kontextus e specifikus többség/kisebbség viszonyának különbségeivel és az általános társadalomtörténethez szorosan kapcsolódó többségi identitáskonstrukciók minőségi különbségeivel magyarázza.
Measuring sexual commitment. Hungarian version of the sociosexual orientation inventory revised (SOI-R)
Authors: Meskó Norbert , Láng András , Kocsor Ferenc , Rózsa Krisztián
Published: December 2012

Háttér és célok: Korábban az érzelemmentes, elköteleződés nélküli szexualitást az egyén individuális döntéseként, egyfajta intrapszichés változóként értelmezte a pszichológia, amely a Kinsey-jelentések (Kinsey és mtsai, 1948, 1953) óta igényt tart a jelenség egzakt, ellenőrizhető módszerekkel való kutatására. Mivel a szexualitás közvetlen kapcsolatban van a szaporodási sikerességgel, ennek mérése már régóta foglalkoztatja az evolúciós kutatókat is. Vizsgálatunk célja a Szocioszexuális Orientációs Kérdőív megújított változata (SOI-R) (Penke És Asendorpf, 2008) hazai hasznosíthatóságának ellenőrzése, a faktorstruktúra és a belső mutatók analízise.
Módszer: mintánk (N=1472) három alcsoportból áll: nők (n=832), férfiak (n=513) és homoszexuális férfiak (n=127). A kérdőívet magyarra fordítottuk, és pszichometriai szempontból elemeztük. Konfirmációs faktoranalízist végeztünk a háromfaktoros modell illeszkedésének ellenőrzésére, a skálák belső megbízhatóságát Cronbach-α mutatóval vizsgáltuk, az életkor hatását Pearson-féle korrelációs együtthatóval teszteltük. Az alcsoportokat is összehasonlítottuk egymással egyszempontos varianciaanalízis, valamint Bonferroni-próba segítségével.
Eredmények: a vizsgált populációban is elkülönül a három mért részminta szocioszexuális pontértéke: a nők csoportja alacsonyabb SO értéket mutat, mint a férfiaké, míg a legmagasabb SO pontszámot a homoszexuális férfiak adják. Az életkor előrehaladtával korlátlanabb szocioszexuális viselkedés mérhető a nők és férfiak csoportjában, miközben a szocioszexuális attitűd nem változik, a szocioszexuális vágy pedig csökken. A homoszexuális férfiaknál az életkor előrehaladtával az alkalmi szexuális kapcsolatokban való részvétel gyakorisága nő, és az ennek irányában mutatott attitűd megengedőbbé válik, a vágy azonban náluk független az életkortól. A Szexuális Stratégiák Elmélete és a Plurális Stratégia Modell segítségével megérthetjük, hogy a korlátlan, illetve korlátozott szocioszexualitásnak bizonyos körülmények között milyen adaptív értéke lehetett az emberi törzsfejlődés során.
Következtetések: eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgálatokban jól hasznosítható, megbízható mérőeszköz áll a magyar alanyokkal dolgozó kutatók rendelkezésére. Mivel a SOI-R meglehetősen prediktív eszköz a társas viselkedés személyiséggel, kötődéssel, hormonműködéssel összefüggő dimenzióinak feltárására, várhatóan számos kutatásban alkalmazzuk a machiavellizmus vizsgálatától a fizikai vonzerővel kapcsolatos párválasztási stratégiák elemzéséig.
Editors’ introduction
Authors: Taboada Maite , Doval Suárez Susana , González Álvarez Elsa
Published: December 2012

The present volume offers a collection of original contributions to the study of languages in contrast from discourse, corpus, and functional perspectives. The papers were presented at the 6th International Conference on Contrastive Linguistics, held in Berlin September 29th –October 3rd, 2010, in the context of two panels: ‘Discourse analysis and contrastive linguistics’ (organized by Maite Taboada, Simon Fraser University and María de los Angeles Gómez-González, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), and ‘Contrastive linguistics, corpus analysis and annotation’ (organized by Julia Lavid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Erich Steiner, Universität des Saarlandes).
The use of it-clefts in the written production of Spanish advanced learners of English
Authors: Doval Suárez Susana , González Álvarez Elsa
Published: December 2012

Learner writing has been shown to differ from native speakers’ (NS) writing in terms of frequency of certain words or structures (Granger et al., 2002). On the basis of data obtained from two comparable corpora, the Spanish component of the ICLE (International Corpus of Learner English) and the LOCNESS (Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays), the present study explores the use of it-cleft constructions, a type of focusing device that has been claimed to be over-represented in the written production of advanced learners with different L1 backgrounds (Böstrom Aronsson, 2003; Callies, 2009). Its objective is threefold: first of all, to investigate how Spanish advanced EFL learners compare with NSs from the point of view of their use of it-clefts, thereby contributing to the characterization of advanced learner variety (ALV). Secondly, it addresses the issue of how NNSs and NSs compare regarding their use of the different discourse functions of it-clefts (i.e. identification and contrast), and also regarding the selection of the highlighted element. Finally, the study investigates whether the differences between the two groups may be attributed to influence of the L1. The Independent Samples t-test indicates that Spanish EFL learners significantly underuse it-clefts (t=2.100; p?0.05). It is suggested that this underuse cannot be ascribed to L1 transfer but to the learners’ preference for other types of clefting, which points to the need for further research on the use of clefts in Spanish texts and in English texts written by Spanish learners. The results also indicate statistically significant differences between the two groups in the discourse functions assigned to it-clefts. It is suggested that the Spanish advanced learners’ underuse of contrast may also indicate that they prefer to use pseudoclefts and other lexical or syntactic means for this purpose. As regards the length and syntactic features (category and function) of the highlighted element and the use of the relative pronoun, our results confirm that Spanish learners have generally acquired the English pattern, even though more qualitative analysis is needed to provide a detailed description of this component of the learners’ pragmatic abilities.
Discourse markers and coherence relations
Authors: Taboada Maite , de los Ángeles Gómez-González María
Published: December 2012

We examine how one particular coherence relation, Concession, is marked across languages and modalities, through an extensive analysis of the Concession relation, examining the types of discourse markers used to signal it. The analysis is contrastive from three different angles: markers, languages, and modalities. We compare different markers within the same language (but, although, however, etc.), and two languages (English and Spanish). We aim to provide a contrastive methodology that can be applied to any language, given that it has as a starting point the abstract notion of coherence relations, which we believe are similar across languages. Finally, we compare two modalities: spoken and written language. In the analysis, we find that the contexts in which concessive relations are used are similar across languages, but that there are clear differences in the two modalities or genres. In the spoken genre, the most common function of concession is to correct misunderstandings and contrast situations. In the written genre, on the other hand, concession is most often used to qualify opinions.
Annotating thematic features in English and Spanish
Authors: Arús Jorge , Lavid Julia , Moratón Lara
Published: December 2012

In this paper we present the preliminary results of an empirical study designed to test contrastive features of the category of Theme in English and Spanish through corpus analysis and manual annotation. Using as our theoretical basis the more general features of the model of thematisation proposed in Lavid, Arús and Zamorano (2010), the study describes the different steps of the methodology used, starting with the selection of the corpus used as a ‘training suite’, followed by the design of the annotation scheme, and ending with a discussion of the results of two annotation experiments carried out so far to test the reproducibility of the annotation scheme. It is expected that the work reported in this paper has a theoretical impact on the area of contrastive corpus studies and serves as the basis for the (semi)-automatic annotation of thematic features in larger bilingual corpora.
Contrastive analyses of evaluation in text
Authors: Taboada Maite , Carretero Marta
Published: December 2012

This paper reports on part of the research on evaluative language currently carried out within the CONTRANOT project,[lxxviii] which aims at the creation and validation of contrastive functional descriptions through corpus analysis and annotation in English and Spanish. More concretely, we will present the coding scheme designed for Attitude, a subcategory of Appraisal as studied within Systemic-Functional Linguistics (Martin and White, 2005; White, 2003). The criteria for selection and annotation of spans of Attitude in the coding scheme are specified and illustrated with examples from the Simon Fraser University Review Corpus (Taboada, 2008), a corpus of consumer-generated reviews on hotels, books and movies, and a small-scale English-Spanish contrastive analysis of these reviews has been carried out. The scheme is to be used for the future annotation of evaluation in an English-Spanish corpus, CONTRASTES (Lavid, 2008; Lavid et al., 2007, 2010). Once annotated, the reviews will be part of this corpus.
Pragmatic triangulation and misunderstanding
Authors: Romero-Trillo Jesús
Published: December 2012

This paper presents ‘pragmatic triangulation’ as the main tool used by speakers to avoid misunderstanding and reformulate ideas in speech, through Pragmatic Markers (PM’s), in the Spanish section of the Lindsei Corpus. The study will delve into the prosodic features used by native and non-native speakers of English in the prevention of misunderstanding to determine their functional differences in both groups of speakers. The paper will first make a theoretical account of the notion of understanding and misunderstanding and will discuss the characterization of Pragmatic Markers in the communication process. Secondly, the study will select the most frequent PM’s used by speakers for this purpose, and will describe its frequency and relevance in the corpus. And thirdly, the paper will look into the intonation and pragmatic asymmetry of the use of these elements by native and non-native speakers on the basis of statistical data. The final section will discuss the results of the analysis and will highlight the importance of invigorating this type of research for the benefit of contrastive and pedagogic studies.
Spanish Venga and its English equivalents
Authors: Stenström Anna-Brita
Published: December 2012

The Spanish marker venga is frequently used in casual conversation in general and in teenage conversation in particular. Like other pragmatic markers, it is a multifunctional item. It is also an extremely versatile marker, which functions on the discourse level as well as on the interactional and interpersonal levels of conversation. Consequently, it can be expected to have more than one corresponding marker in English, depending on the speaking situation, the context and position in the discourse. This paper focuses on the various uses of venga in Madrid teenagers’ conversations and the way these uses are realized in London teenage conversations. As the paper will show, the closest English equivalent of the pragmatic marker venga in most of its uses is come on.
Palate Lengthening by Buccinator Myomucosal Flaps for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Hens G. , Sell D. , Pinkstone M. , Birch M.J. , Hay N. , Sommerlad B.C. , Kangesu L.
Published: December 2012

Objective

To assess the outcome of palate lengthening by myomucosal buccinator flaps for velopharyngeal insufficiency both in terms of speech and changes in palate length.

Design

Thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent the buccinator flap procedure were reviewed retrospectively. Palate length and the presence or absence of a velopharyngeal gap were assessed on pre- and postoperative videofluoroscopic recordings using a calibrated image analysis system. Hypernasality, nasal emission, nasal turbulence, and passive cleft type articulation errors were evaluated blindly by a speech-language pathologist external to the team using pre- and postoperative speech recordings.

Setting

Multidisciplinary cleft team based in a tertiary referral center.

Results

In 81% of patients, speech outcome was such that no further velopharyngeal surgery was considered necessary at the time of follow-up. The buccinator flap procedure resulted in a mean palate lengthening of 7.5 mm (±5.5 SD). After the operation, there was a complete elimination of the velopharyngeal gap on lateral videofluoroscopy in 77% of patients. There were significant decreases in hypernasality ratings and passive cleft type articulation errors postoperatively.

Conclusion

Palatal lengthening with myomucosal buccinator flaps in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency is effective and safe. It has become one of our routinely practiced procedures for velopharyngeal insufficiency.
The Frequency of Peri‐Implant Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H.M. , Faggion Clovis Mariano , Duncan Warwick J.
Published: December 2012

Background: The peri‐implant diseases, namely peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the true magnitude of the problem, owing mainly to the lack of consistent and definite diagnostic criteria used to describe the condition. The objective of the present review is to systematically estimate the overall frequency of peri‐implant diseases in general and high‐risk patients.

Methods: The systematic review is prepared according to the Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Studies were searched in four electronic databases, complemented by manual searching. The quality of the studies was assessed according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, and the data were analyzed using statistical software.

Results: Of 504 studies identified, nine studies with 1,497 participants and 6,283 implants were included. The summary estimates for the frequency of peri‐implant mucositis were 63.4% of participants and 30.7% of implants, and those of peri‐implantitis were 18.8% of participants and 9.6% of implants. A higher frequency of occurrence of peri‐implant diseases was recorded for smokers, with a summary estimate of 36.3%. Supportive periodontal therapy seemed to reduce the rate of occurrence of peri‐implant diseases.

Conclusions: Peri‐implant diseases are not uncommon following implant therapy. Long‐term maintenance care for high‐risk groups is essential to reduce the risk of peri‐implantitis. Informed consent for patients receiving implant treatment must include the need for such maintenance therapy.
Public Health, Academic Medicine, and the Alcohol Industry’s Corporate Social Responsibility Activities
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Robaina Katherine
Published: December 2012

We explored the emerging relationships among the alcohol industry, academic medicine, and the public health community in the context of public health theory dealing with corporate social responsibility. We reviewed sponsorship of scientific research, efforts to influence public perceptions of research, dissemination of scientific information, and industry-funded policy initiatives.

To the extent that the scientific evidence supports the reduction of alcohol consumption through regulatory and legal measures, the academic community has come into increasing conflict with the views of the alcohol industry.

We concluded that the alcohol industry has intensified its scientific and policy-related activities under the general framework of corporate social responsibility initiatives, most of which can be described as instrumental to the industry’s economic interests.
The Social Legacy of AIDS: Fertility Aspirations Among HIV-Affected Women in Uganda
Authors: Snow Rachel C. , Mutumba Massy , Resnicow Kenneth , Mugyenyi Godfrey
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We investigated the impact of HIV status on fertility desires in Uganda.

Methods. We surveyed 1594 women aged 18 to 49 years visiting outpatient services at Mbarara Regional Hospital, from May through August 2010. Of these, 59.7% were HIV-positive; 96.4% of HIV-positive women were using antiretroviral therapy (ART). We used logistic regression models to examine relationships between HIV status and fertility desires, marital status, household structure, educational attainment, and household income.

Results. Among married women, HIV-positive status was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of desiring more children (27.7% vs 56.4% of HIV-negative women; χ2 = 39.97; P < .001). The difference remained highly significant net of age, parity, son parity, foster children, education, or household income. HIV-positive women were more likely to be poor, unmarried, single heads of household, in second marriages (if married), living with an HIV-positive spouse, and supporting foster children.

Conclusions. We found a strong association between positive HIV status and lower fertility aspirations among married women in Uganda, irrespective of ART status. Although the increasing availability of ART is a tremendous public health achievement, women affected by HIV have numerous continuing social needs.
Generating Political Priority for Neonatal Mortality Reduction in Bangladesh
Authors: Shiffman Jeremy , Sultana Sharmina
Published: December 2012

The low priority that most low-income countries give to neonatal mortality, which now constitutes more than 40% of deaths to children younger than 5 years, is a stumbling block to the world achieving the child survival Millennium Development Goal. Bangladesh is an exception to this inattention. Between 2000 and 2011, newborn survival emerged from obscurity to relative prominence on the government’s health policy agenda. Drawing on a public policy framework, we analyzed how this attention emerged. Critical factors included national advocacy, government commitment to the Millennium Development Goals, and donor resources. The emergence of policy attention involved interactions between global and national factors rather than either alone. The case offers guidance on generating priority for neglected health problems in low-income countries.
Reframing the Context of Preventive Health Care Services and Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections for Young Men: New Opportunities to Reduce Racial/Ethnic Sexual Health Disparities
Authors: Lanier Yzette , Sutton Madeline Y.
Published: December 2012

Young Black males, aged 13 to 29 years, have the highest annual rates of HIV infections in the United States. Young Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are the only subgroup with significant increases in HIV incident infections in recent years. Black men, particularly MSM, are also disproportionately affected by other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, we must strengthen HIV and STI prevention opportunities during routine, preventive health care visits and at other, nontraditional venues accessed by young men of color, with inclusive, nonjudgmental approaches. The Affordable Care Act and National HIV/AIDS Strategy present new opportunities to reframe and strengthen sexual health promotion and HIV and STI prevention efforts with young men of color.
Interactions Between HIV/AIDS and the Environment: Toward a Syndemic Framework
Authors: Talman Anna , Bolton Susan , Walson Judd L.
Published: December 2012

Although the social, economic, and political dimensions of the HIV/AIDS epidemic have been studied in considerable depth, the relationship between HIV/AIDS and its environmental causes and consequences remains largely unexplored. We reviewed the evidence of interactions between ecosystem health and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. We hypothesized a syndemic between environmental degradation and HIV/AIDS; they exhibit bidirectional, self-reinforcing interactions. We have presented a syndemic framework detailing multiple synergistic relationships. This framework hinges on the vulnerability of populations as the linchpin between the pandemic and environmental health. A coherent research and practice agenda for addressing the syndemic that focuses on the 2 issues as not only concurrent but also intertwined phenomena is urgently needed.
“Nuisance Dust”: Unprotective Limits for Exposure to Coal Mine Dust in the United States, 1934–1969
Authors: Derickson Alan
Published: December 2012

I examine the dismissal of coal mine dust as a mere nuisance, not a potentially serious threat to extractive workers who inhaled it. In the 1930s, the US Public Health Service played a major role in conceptualizing coal mine dust as virtually harmless. Dissent from this position by some federal officials failed to dislodge either that view or the recommendation of minimal limitations on workplace exposure that flowed from it. Privatization of regulatory authority after 1940 ensured that miners would lack protection against respiratory disease. The reform effort that overturned the established misunderstanding in the late 1960s critically depended upon both the production of scientific findings and the emergence of a subaltern movement in the coalfields. This episode illuminates the steep challenges often facing advocates of stronger workplace health standards.
Over-the-Counter and Out-of-Control: Legal Strategies to Protect Youths From Abusing Products for Weight Control
Authors: Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Taylor Lisa M. , Austin S. Bryn
Published: December 2012

Abuse of widely available, over-the-counter drugs and supplements such as laxatives and diet pills for weight control by youths is well documented in the epidemiological literature. Many such products are not medically recommended for healthy weight control or are especially susceptible to abuse, and their misuse can result in serious health consequences.

We analyzed the government’s role in regulating these products to protect public health. We examined federal and state regulatory authority, and referred to international examples to inform our analysis. Several legal interventions are indicated to protect youths, including increased warnings and restrictions on access through behind-the-counter placement or age verification.

We suggest future directions for governments internationally to address this pervasive public health problem.
Marital Status, Duration of Cohabitation, and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Childbearing Women: A Canadian Nationwide Survey
Authors: Urquia Marcelo L. , O’Campo Patricia J. , Ray Joel G.
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We examined the joint associations of marital status and duration of cohabitation on self-reported intimate partner violence, substance use, and postpartum depression among childbearing women.

Methods. We analyzed data from the 2006–2007 Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey, a cross-sectional nationwide sample of 6421 childbearing women. Cohabiting women were married or nonmarried women living with a partner; noncohabiters were single, divorced, or separated women. We further categorized cohabiters by their duration of cohabitation (≤ 2, 3–5, or > 5 years). We used logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results. About 92% of women were cohabiters. Compared with married women living with a husband more than 5 years, unmarried women cohabiting for 2 years or less were at higher odds of intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85, 7.56), substance use (AOR = 5.36; 95% CI = 3.06, 9.39), and postpartum depression (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.80); these risk estimates declined with duration of cohabitation.

Conclusions. Research on maternal and child health would benefit from distinguishing between married and unmarried cohabiting women, and their duration of cohabitation.
The Ciclovia and Cicloruta Programs: Promising Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Social Capital in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Torres Andrea , Sarmiento Olga L. , Stauber Christine , Zarama Roberto
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We compared participants from the Ciclovia (streets temporarily closed to motorized vehicles and open for pedestrians) and Cicloruta (bicycle paths) programs in Bogotá, Colombia, to assess associations of program participation with physical activity, safety, social capital, and equity.

Methods. We conducted 2 cross-sectional studies in October 2009 with intercept surveys: one among 1000 Ciclovia participants and the other among 1000 Cicloruta participants.

Results. Most Ciclovia participants met the physical activity recommendation in leisure time (59.5%), and most Cicloruta participants met it by cycling for transportation (70.5%). Ciclovia participants reported a higher perception of safety (51.2% regarding traffic and 42.4% about crime) and social capital (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.4, 2.8) than did Cicloruta users. Most Cicloruta users reported living in low socioeconomic status categories (53.1%), had lower educational attainment (27%), and did not own cars (82.9%). Most Ciclovia participants reported living in middle socioeconomic status categories (64%), had low-to-middle educational attainment (51.1%), and did not own cars (66.1%).

Conclusions. The Ciclovia and Cicloruta programs have the potential to equitably promote physical activity and provide a mobility alternative in complex urban settings such as Bogotá.
Eating Disorder Symptoms and Obesity at the Intersections of Gender, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation in US High School Students
Authors: Austin S. Bryn , Nelson Lauren A. , Birkett Michelle A. , Calzo Jerel P. , Everett Bethany
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We examined purging for weight control, diet pill use, and obesity across sexual orientation identity and ethnicity groups.

Methods. Anonymous survey data were analyzed from 24 591 high school students of diverse ethnicities in the federal Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System Survey in 2005 and 2007. Self-reported data were gathered on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation identity, height, weight, and purging and diet pill use in the past 30 days. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds of purging, diet pill use, and obesity associated with sexual orientation identity in gender-stratified models and examined for the presence of interactions between ethnicity and sexual orientation.

Results. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identity was associated with substantially elevated odds of purging and diet pill use in both girls and boys (odds ratios [OR] range =  1.9–6.8). Bisexual girls and boys were also at elevated odds of obesity compared to same-gender heterosexuals (OR = 2.3 and 2.1, respectively).

Conclusions. Interventions to reduce eating disorders and obesity that are appropriate for LGB youths of diverse ethnicities are urgently needed.
Delineating the Rattlesnake Springs, New Mexico Watershed using Near-Surface Geophysical Techniques
Authors: Santiago Claudia , Doser Diane , Boykov Nikolay , Langford Richard , Kaip Galen
Published: December 2012

We used a combination of ground conductivity, DC resistivity and precision gravity surveys in an effort to characterize the watershed of Rattlesnake Springs, New Mexico. The Springs serve as the domestic water source for Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Our results confirm previous geological studies that suggested ground water flows into the Springs from a number of sources. Gravity, resistivity and conductivity studies indicate that fine grained clays, possibly related to a collapsed karst feature, located to the north and northwest of the Springs serve as a barrier to fluid flow and may be responsible for the Springs' current location. Gravity data also suggest that north-south and west-northwest oriented fractures within the underlying gypsum bedrock serve as conduits to funnel ground water from the south and southwest. These fracture directions are consistent with fracture systems observed to the north within the limestone of the Guadalupe Escarpment, suggesting the fracture system resulted from regional tectonism.
Chemical composition of groundwaters in the Hornsund region, southern Spitsbergen
Authors: Olichwer Tomasz , Tarka Robert , Modelska Magdalena
Published: December 2012

Chemical composition of groundwaters was investigated in the region of the Hornsund fjord (southern Spitsbergen). The investigations were conducted during polar expeditions organized by the University of Wroclaw in two summer seasons of 2003 and 2006. Three zones of groundwater circulation: suprapermafrost, intrapermafrost and subpermafrost, were identified in areas of perennial permafrost in the region of Hornsund. The zone of shallow circulation occurs in non-glaciated (suprapermafrost) and subglacial areas. In this zone, the chemical composition of groundwater originates from initial chemical composition of precipitation, mineralogical composition of bedrock, oxidation of sulphides and dissolution of carbonates. The intermediate system of circulation is connected with water flow inside and below perennial permafrost (intrapermafrost and subpermafrost). In this zone, the chemical composition of groundwater is mainly controlled by dissolution of carbonates, ion exchange processes involving Ca2+ substitution by Na+, and oxidation of sulphides under oxygen-depleted conditions. The subpermafrost zone (deep groundwater circulation) occurs in deep-tectonic fractures, which are likely conduits for the descent of shallow groundwater to deeper depths. In this zone, the groundwater shows lower mineralization comparing to intrapermafrost zone and has a multi-ion nature Cl–HCO3–Na-Ca–Mg.
Snowcover and melt characteristics of upland/lowland terrain: Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Young Kathy L. , Assini Jane , Abnizova Anna , Miller Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2012

The seasonal snowcover and snowmelt (2008–2010) of an extensive low-gradient wetland at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada (75°40′ N, 98°30′ W) was examined. This wildlife sanctuary is characterized by two large lakes and numerous tundra ponds, and is bordered by rolling hills with incised hillslope stream valleys. In arctic environments snow remains one of the most important sources of water for wetlands. End-of-winter snowcover measurements (snow depth, density, water equivalent) together with direct and modeled estimates of snowmelt provided an assessment of the seasonal snowcover regime of representative terrain types comprising upland (plateau, stream valley, late-lying snowbed) and lowland landscapes (wet meadow, ponds, lakes). In all three seasons, deep and persistent snowpacks occurred in sheltered areas (stream valleys) and in the lee of slopes adjacent to the wetland. Exposed areas yielded shallow snowpacks (e.g. plateau, pond) and they melted out rapidly in response to favorable weather conditions. Overall, the basin snowcover and melt progression was dominated by accumulation and melt occurring in upland areas. We surmise the sustainability of this low-gradient wetland is dependent on snowmelt contributions from upland sites.
Surface-based precipitation phase determination methods in hydrological models
Authors: Feiccabrino James , Gustafsson David , Lundberg Angela
Published: December 2012

We compared solid and liquid precipitation mass output from three categories of common model precipitation phase determination schemes (PPDS) to the recorded precipitation phase in a set of 45 years of 3-hour manual meteorological observations from 19 Swedish meteorological stations. In the first category of rain/snow thresholds, it was found that rain/snow air temperature threshold (ATT) is a better precipitation phase indicator than a rain/snow dew point temperature threshold. When a rain/snow ATT of 0.0 °C (a default value used in some recent models) was replaced by 1.0 °C, misclassified precipitation was reduced by almost one half. A second category of PPDS use two ATTs, one snow and one rain, with a linear decrease in snow fraction between. This category identified precipitation phase better than a rain/snow ATT at 17 stations. Using all observations from all the meteorological stations, a final category using an air-temperature-dependent snow probability curve resulted in slightly lower misclassified precipitation mass at 13 of the 19 stations. However, schemes from the linear decrease in snow fraction category had the lowest misclassified precipitation mass at four meteorological stations.
Update on the Management of Compound Lower Limb Fractures
Authors: Griffin M , Malahias M , Hindocha S , Khan W
Published: December 2012

Compound lower limb fractures pose a significant challenging pathology for orthopaedic and plastic surgeons to manage due to the combined soft tissue damage, bone injury and potential vascular compromise. These fractures require extensive team-work and expertise between several surgical specialties and the advice of non-surgical specialties, to ensure good clinical outcomes. Extensive research has improved the outcomes of compound lower limb fractures and current recommendation on the optimal management is always being updated to enhance patient outcomes. This review serves to provide an overview of the management of compound tibial fractures using current evidence and recently updated UK guidelines. The optimal time for surgical debridement, surgical intervention, antibiotic regime and soft tissue coverage will be outlined as well as the indications for amputation.
Isolated Dorsal Dislocation of the Lunate
Authors: Siddiqui NA , Sarkar SP
Published: December 2012

Lunate dislocations are well described in the volar direction as part of the perilunate dislocation, sometimes together with fractures of the other carpal bones or distal radius, as described by the anatomical studies of Mayfield [1]. It is a result of disruption of the complex inter-carpal and radiocarpal ligaments that hold the well conforming carpus in their normal position. Given the strength of these structures a significant trauma is required to cause them to fail.

However, we present a case of a patient who not only presented with relatively trivial trauma that resulted in a lunate dislocation, but it was also in the dorsal direction and not associated with any fracture or neurological compromise. In addition, she presented several days after her injury.

We treated her with closed manipulation and percutaneous K-wire fixation followed by a short period of immobilisation in a Plaster-of-Paris cast, with rapid return to full duties at work.

As many volar lunate dislocations may be missed at presentation, we suggest that in patients with relatively trivial trauma there should also be a suspicion of the lunate dislocating dorsally, which may be treated successfully without the aggressive open surgery usually required in volar perilunate dislocations.
How Effective are Lateral Wedge Orthotics in Treating Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis of the Knee? A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Malvankar Seema , Khan Wasim S , Mahapatra Anant , Dowd George SE
Published: December 2012

Lateral wedges were originally proposed to manage medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee but recent reviews suggest that lateral wedges do not affect disease progression. We performed a systematic review to analyse the recent literature and define how effective, if at all, lateral wedges are in the management of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The inclusion criteria were defined as any study published within the last decade, using a sample size of at least twenty patients, and investigating the effect of insoles or wedges on either unilateral or bilateral knee varus osteoarthritis. The standardised keyword term ‘lateral*wedge*OR insole*OR orthotic* OR medial compartment OR varus OR osteoarthri* OR knee*’ was used. We identified 10 studies that fitted our inclusion criteria. Although there is not enough evidence in the literature to prove that lateral wedge orthotics are an effective treatment for varus osteoarthritis of the knee, there is some evidence to suggest that they do have some symptomatic effect. Patients with early osteoarthritis and higher BMI may benefit to a greater extent than those with a greater extent of degenerative changes and lower BMI. The literature is unclear as to what the optimal duration for the use of lateral wedges is, but does support the prolonged use of the wedges as the benefits at one month are maintained at one year. Future studies should be randomised controlled trials with a large sample size with long follow-up, and use objective clinical, biomechanical and radiological outcome measures.
Eccentric Exercise Protocols for Patella Tendinopathy: Should we Really be Withdrawing Athletes from Sport? A Systematic Review
Authors: Saithna Adnan , Gogna Rajiv , Baraza Njalalle , Modi Chetan , Spencer Simon
Published: December 2012

The 2007 review by Visnes and Bahr concluded that athletes with patella tendinopathy should be withdrawn from sport whilst engaging in eccentric exercise (EE) rehabilitation programs. However, deprivation of sport is associated with a number of negative psychological and physiological effects. Withdrawal from sport is therefore a decision that warrants due consideration of the risk/benefit ratio. The aim of this study was to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to warrant withdrawal of athletes from sport during an eccentric exercise rehabilitation program. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify relevant randomised trials. Data was extracted to determine whether athletes were withdrawn from sport, what evidence was presented to support the chosen strategy and whether this affected the clinical outcome. Seven studies were included. None of these reported high quality evidence to support withdrawal. In addition, three studies were identified in which athletes were not withdrawn from sport and still benefited from EE. This review has demonstrated that there is no high quality evidence to support a strategy of withdrawal from sport in the management of patella tendinopathy.
The KRDS Benefit Analysis Toolkit: Development and Application
Authors: Beagrie Neil , Duke Monica , Hardman Catherine , Kalra Dipak , Lavoie Brian , Patel Manjula , Lyon Liz , Woollard Matthew
Published: December 2012

This paper provides an overview of the KRDS Benefit Analysis Toolkit. The Toolkit has been developed to assist curation activities by assessing the benefits associated with the long-term preservation of research data. It builds on the outputs of the Keeping Research Data Safe (KRDS) research projects and consists of two tools: the KRDS Benefits Framework, and the Value-chain and Benefits Impact tool. Each tool consists of a more detailed guide and worksheet(s). Both tools have drawn on partner case studies and previous work on benefits and impact for digital curation and preservation. This experience has provided a series of common examples of generic benefits that are employed in both tools for users to modify or add to as required.
Peer-Reviewed Open Research Data: Results of a Pilot
Authors: Grootveld Marjan , Van Egmond Jeff
Published: December 2012

Peer review of publications is at the core of science and primarily seen as instrument for ensuring research quality. However, it is less common to independently value the quality of the underlying data as well. In the light of the ‘data deluge’ it makes sense to extend peer review to the data itself and this way evaluate the degree to which the data are fit for re-use. This paper describes a pilot study at EASY - the electronic archive for (open) research data at our institution. In EASY, researchers can archive their data and add metadata themselves. Devoted to open access and data sharing, at the archive we are interested in further enriching these metadata with peer reviews.As a pilot, we established a workflow where researchers who have downloaded data sets from the archive were asked to review the downloaded data set. This paper describes the details of the pilot including the findings, both quantitative and qualitative. Finally, we discuss issues that need to be solved when such a pilot is turned into a structural peer review functionality for the archiving system.
On the sum of the squared multiplicities of the distances in a point set over finite spaces
Authors: Vinh Le
Published: December 2012

We study a finite analog of a conjecture of Erd?s on the sum of the squared
multiplicities of the distances determined by an n-element point set. Our
result is based on an estimate of the number of hinges in spectral graphs.
Changes of physical properties of coffee beans during roasting
Authors: Jokanovic Marija , Dzinic Natalija , Cvetkovic Biljana , Grujic Slavica , Odzakovic Bozana
Published: December 2012

The effects of heating time on physical changes (weight, volume, texture and colour) of coffee beans (Outspan and Guaxupe coffee) were investigated. The roasting temperature of both samples was 170?C and samples for analysis were taken at the intervals of 7 minutes during 40 minutes of roasting. Total weight loss at the end of the roasting process was 14.43 % (light roasted) and 17.15 % (medium to dark roasted) for Outspan and Guaxupe coffee beans, respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) changes in the coffee bean breaking force values were noted between the 7th and 14th minutes, and statistically not significant (P > 0.05) between the 35th and 40th minutes of the roasting. According to the L* colour parameter as a criterion for the classification of
roasted coffee colour (light, medium, dark), the Outspan sample was medium
and Guaxupe sample was dark roasted.