Advances in Psoriasis Treatment: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Al-Subaihawi Azhar Jabbar Khalaf , Almohammedi Tamarah Gays , Al-Shabbani Nada Hamzah Shareef 
Published: November 2024

The mechanisms responsible for the development of psoriasis have not yet been fully elucidated. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by the cytokine-mediated link between innate and adaptive immune pathways. The field of psoriasis research has expanded enormously in recent years, with the advent of biological treatments that ameliorate significant disease burden. Here, we outline recent advances, including the development of biologics, the search for new genes, the way in which genetics can inform therapies, and emerging strategies such as RNA and CRISPR interference, as well as bioprinting. We have described these advancements in an attempt to convey the current form of this rapidly evolving area of clinical science. Moreover, we believe that awareness of these advances among dermatologists will help clinicians manage psoriasis inexpensively, quickly, and effectively in the future. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with substantial physical and psychological burden. Genetic risk loci and a genome-wide association study have disclosed more than 60 genetic loci associated with psoriasis. Most of these loci are associated with immune system function. The genetic heterogeneity between patients gives rise to various pathogenic mechanisms. Numerous reports have mentioned the associations of psoriasis with other diseases, suggesting that psoriasis may synchronize the host immune system. A study performed later showed that administering biologic drugs to key immune system components will help alleviate psoriasis. In this review, we address quite recent emergence as novel advances of psoriasis: biologic drugs, genetics knowledge-derived for treatment, and novel approaches, and technologies in the field. These advancement has significantly contributed to elucidation of multifactorial nature of psoriasis and has provided the basis to develop newer and improved treatments. For instance, separate molecular genetics research emerging in the last decade determined definite gene and genetic polymorphisms incriminated in the pareogenesis and evolution of psoriasis. This knowledge could be useful in generating new intercessions in treatment that would directly involve these genetic predispositions to ensure efficient treatments, which are lacking at the moment. Also, the latest available RNA interference technique and CRISPR present new hope for the treatment psoriasis. RNA interference targets genes which contribute to disease development and CRISPR-CAS9 provides an opportunity to modify the genes which are responsible for disease development or progression. These newly developed form of treatment strategies are especially promising for the future of treating psoriasis. The principles of bioprinting or the generation of three-dimensional skin tissue by means of biocompatible materials and progenitor cells is another active area of psoriasis investigation. This technology has great potencial to change the treatment of psoriasis because the skin tissue will always be at hand thus minimizing the use of donor grafts and the danger of rejection. In a similar way it is possible to produce organs with certain properties of interest for their functionality, for instance with an increased barrier function or an improved immune response of the transplant recipient, that would make treatment even more effective. In conclusion, the recent developments in understanding of pathophysiology of psoriasis have considerably brightened the choices of treatment and significantly enhance the quality of life of persons with this severe skin disease. Further research into the nature of the disease and the creation of new approaches for treating it can be considered as steps toward cure of psoriasis and improving the quality of life for the millions of people it affects.