bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Adding Fast Switching Fault Current Limiter (FSFCL) to the Neutral Point of 220 kV Transformer
Authors: Dai Lujian , Zhao Jun , Guo Meng , Gao Shuguo , Xiang Chenmeng , Wei Bin , Qin Weiqi , Ma Guoming , Tian Yuan
Published: September 2024

In recent years, as the power grid continues to expand, the issue of asymmetrical short-circuit currents exceeding limits on the 220 kV medium-voltage side has become increasingly severe, and traditional current-limiting methods have certain limitations. Therefore, this paper explores the potential benefits and feasibility of installing a Fast Switching Fault Current Limiter (FSFCL) at the neutral point of a 220 kV transformer to effectively limit asymmetrical short-circuit currents on the medium-voltage side. The paper first analyzes the current-limiting performance of the FSFCL under different installation configurations, transformer operating conditions, and fault conditions through theoretical calculations. Subsequently, through simulation studies, the impact of different limiting reactance values on the overvoltage effect at the neutral point is discussed. The results show that the installation of the FSFCL has a significant effect on suppressing the asymmetrical short-circuit current on the medium-voltage side of the transformer, but this measure has also led to an increase in the voltage at the grounded neutral point. Finally, taking the No. 2 main transformer of a certain 220 kV substation as an example, to achieve the expected current-limiting effect, the limiting reactance value of the FSFCL needs to be at least 4 ohms. At this reactance value, the overvoltage level at the neutral point remains well below the withstand limit of its insulating material. Additionally, given the existing overvoltage protection devices at the neutral point, no further overvoltage protection measures are required.
Monte Carlo Modeling of Isotopic Changes of Actinides in Nuclear Fuel of APR1400 Pressurized Water Reactor
Authors: Oettingen Mikołaj , Kim Juyoul
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the isotopic changes in nuclear fuel during the first reactor cycle of the Korean Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400). The neutron transport and burnup calculations were performed using the Monte Carlo continuous energy burnup code—MCB. The three-dimensional numerical model consisting of the reactor pressure vessel with core internals was developed using available geometrical and material data as well as the reactor’s operating conditions. The reactor core was divided into 11 axial and 22 radial burnup zones in order to recreate the spatial distribution of the fuel burnup. The isotopic changes due to the nuclear transmutations and decays were calculated in each burnup zone until the desired average burnup of 17.571 GWd/tHMint was reached. The calculations include changes in the boric acid concentration at defined time steps and the burnout of the gadolinia burnable absorber embedded in the nuclear fuel. This study shows the spatial distribution of minor and major actinides at the end of the reactor cycle as well as the depletion of uranium, the build-up of plutonium, and the formation of neptunium, americium, and curium during the reactor’s operation.
Integrating Microgrids into Engineering Education: Modeling and Analysis for Voltage Stability in Modern Power Systems
Authors: Bano Farheen , Rizwan Ali , Serbaya Suhail H. , Hasan Faraz , Karavas Christos-Spyridon , Fotis Georgios
Published: September 2024

The research focuses on incorporating microgrids into engineering curricula for achieving voltage stability in today’s power systems. This helps to meet the increasing demand for engineers to integrate distributed power generation and renewable energy sources. Some limitations of the current literature include the absence of models outlining approaches to microgrid education and limited insight into teaching strategies for electrical power systems. The research used a quantitative methodology to survey 100 engineering students enrolled in a microgrid modeling class to achieve the study’s objectives. The data analysis involved machine learning models such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, K-Means, hierarchical clustering, and regression models. The major findings identified exam score as the most significant determiner of student performance (weight ≈ 0.40). Based on the clustering analysis, it was found that microgrid systems can be grouped into four operational states. It was also seen that linear regression models were highly accurate and better than other highly complex models, like Decision Tree, with a model accuracy of R2 ≈ 0.4. One of the study’s major strengths is the potential impact of the proposed framework for integrating microgrids into engineering education on the professional training of engineers. This framework, based on theoretical knowledge and practical experience as well as on developing advanced analytical skills, can significantly enhance the professional training of engineers to deal with the complexities of contemporary power systems, including microgrids and sustainable energy progress.
Color Change of Pear Wood (Pyrus communis L.) during Water Steam Treatment
Authors: Klarić Miljenko , Španić Nikola , Budrović Zlatko , Zorić Andreja Čunčić , Pervan Stjepan , Klarić Kristina
Published: September 2024

Hydrothermal treatment of wood, particularly steaming with saturated water steam, is often used to achieve a more intensive and homogenous wood color or to vary its hue. However, information on pear wood (Pyrus communis L.) steaming is limited in the available literature. This paper investigates the influence of steaming on the color of pear wood. Green, water-saturated samples of pear wood heartwood and sapwood were steamed with saturated water steam for 24 h at 98 °C. The color of the heartwood and sapwood was assessed both visually and with a standard three-stimulus colorimeter using the CIEL*a*b* system, and compared to the natural color of pear-wood. Additionally, FT-IR spectrometry was employed to analyze chemical changes in the wood samples. The results showed that both heartwood and sapwood experienced a decrease in lightening (L*), an increase in redness (a*), and a decrease in yellowness (b*) during steaming. Furthermore, a trend toward the equalization of L*, a*, and b* parameters between heartwood and sapwood over time was observed. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the chemical changes during steaming were primarily related to extractives and hemicelluloses, with no significant changes in cellulose and lignin. The obtained results suggest that pear wood color can be equalized to some extent by steaming and that the extent of the color change to darker tones is dependent on steaming time.
Influence of Varied Phosphorus Fertilizer Ratios on the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community in Idesia polycarpa Seedlings
Authors: Wang Shasha , Rana Sohel , Zhang Tao , Wang Yanmei , Liu Zhen , Cai Qifei , Geng Xiaodong , Yuan Qiupeng , Yang Yi , Miao Chao , Zhou Huina , Dai Li , Peng Huiwu , Li Zhi
Published: September 2024

Phosphorus (P) is crucial for tree growth and development, and it significantly influences the rhizosphere microbial community. However, the effects of phosphorus addition on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Idesia polycarpa remain understudied. In this study, two-year-old “Yuji” Idesia polycarpa seedlings were used to investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilization at four different levels of 0 g (control, CK), 0.92 g (low phosphorus, LP), 1.83 g (medium phosphorus, MP), and 2.75 g (high phosphorus, HP) per plant. The fertilizers were applied every 40 days over 120 days. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes was employed to analyze the microbial community composition and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil under different phosphorus levels. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the application of phosphorus fertilizer changed the physicochemical properties of the soil. The LP treatment significantly increased the soil pH, while the HP treatment group exhibited the highest soil-available phosphorus (AP) content. LP treatment significantly increased the number of microbial OTUs in the early and rapid growth stages and the richness and diversity of microbial communities. In addition, the bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with soil pH and AP, while the fungal community had no significant effect. The primary metabolic pathway function of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is mainly metabolism, while fungi are mainly biosynthesis. Compared with CK treatment, 20 differential metabolic pathways were screened out in the bacterial community. Only two differential metabolic pathways were screened out in the fungal community by LP treatment at 120 days. In summary, applying low-level phosphate fertilizer is conducive to promoting the diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Therefore, potted planting of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is more suitable for applying low phosphorus levels.
Visitors’ Perceptions towards the Sustainable Use of Forest Areas: The Case of Istanbul Belgrade Nature Parks
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan Tezcan , Yıldızbaş Nilay Tulukcu , Uyar Çağdan , Elvan Osman Devrim , Sousa Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Perkumienė Dalia
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of this study is to analyze how stakeholders’ perceptions of sustainable land use and the management of natural parks affect land management planning, with a focus on park visitors. This study was carried out in July 2019, during a period of high visitor numbers at the Belgrade Forest nature parks, as reported by the park manager. It involved evaluating participants’ knowledge about the specific natural park they visit and the organization managing it. The results show that the mode of transportation significantly influences this knowledge. Visitors who walked or drove to the park demonstrated a greater understanding of the park and its management. A visit to a nature park typically involves anticipation, planning, the visit itself, participating in activities, returning, and reflecting on past experiences. Visitors are drawn to the Belgrade Forest nature parks because of their cleanliness, family-friendly atmosphere, peacefulness, proximity, uniqueness as a green space in Istanbul, wooded areas, and suitability for sports. The study also reveals that the characteristics of nature parks, such as park amenities, distance, transportation options, and reasons for visiting, contribute to visitors’ happiness, especially affecting younger visitors between the ages of 19 and 30. These findings highlight the varied nature of visitors’ impressions after their visit, depending on their individual characteristics. In conclusion, this detailed analysis offers valuable insights to guide strategic park management efforts aimed at promoting sustainability and enhancing visitor experiences in the Belgrade Forest areas of Türkiye.
Transcriptome Profiling Revealed ABA Signaling Pathway-Related Genes and Major Transcription Factors Involved in the Response to Water Shock and Rehydration in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Ming Meiling , Zhang Juan , Tang Jing , Zhang Jiamin , Fu Fangfang , Cao Fuliang
Published: September 2024

To assess the regulatory mechanisms involved in the transcriptomic response of Ginkgo biloba to water shock and rehydration, ginkgo seedlings were subjected to dehydration for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, followed by rehydration for 12 h (Re12 h). A total of 1388, 1802, 2267, 2667, and 3352 genes were upregulated, whereas 1604, 1839, 1934, 2435, and 3035 genes were downregulated, at 3, 6, 12, 24, and Re12 h, respectively, compared to 0 h. Two KEGG pathways—the plant pathogen interaction pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway—were enriched under water shock but not under rehydration. Moreover, plant hormone signal transduction was enriched under both water shock and rehydration. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the ABA signaling pathway (PYR/PYLs, PP2Cs, and SnRK2s) and major differentially expressed transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, AP2/ERF, NAC, WRKY, and bZIP TFs) were identified. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed GbWRKY3 as a negative regulator of the water shock response in G. biloba. The subcellular localization results revealed GbWRKY3 as a nuclear protein. These phenotype-related DEGs, pathways, and TFs provide valuable insight into the water shock and rehydration response in G. biloba.
Forecasting Appropriate Habitats for Rare and Endangered Indocalamus Species in China in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Xie Yanqiu , Huang Hui , Chen Lijia , Xiao Jihong , Weng Feifan , Liu Jiaying , He Tianyou , Chen Lingyan , Rong Jundong , Chen Liguang , Zheng Yushan
Published: September 2024

China’s rare and endangered bamboo species belonging to the Indocalamus genus, specifically Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai, Indocalamus hirsutissimus Z. P. Wang & P. X. Zhang, and Indocalamus pedalis (Keng) P. C. Keng, possess notable value in biodiversity conservation and have significant potential for use in landscape design. Using an enhanced MaxEnt model, this study forecasted shifts in the species’ potential range under four separate climate scenarios (SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5, SSP3-RCP7.0, and SSP5-RCP8.5), considering both the historical period (1970–2000, referred to as “the current period”) and upcoming timeframes (2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100). The analysis disclosed that the present total potential habitat area for these species is approximately 251.79 × 104 km2, with high, medium, and low suitability areas occupying 0.15 × 104 km2, 125.39 × 104 km2, and 126.26 × 104 km2, respectively. The minimum temperature of the coldest month emerged as the critical determinant of their potential habitat distribution. Expected climate changes are likely to increase the suitable habitat for these species, although areas with low suitability might slightly diminish, with Guizhou and Chongqing showing the least impact. The distribution centers of suitable habitats for the three plant species consistently exhibit a westward shift under various climate scenarios. These results contribute valuable insights for the spatial distribution, continuous monitoring, sustainable management, and ex situ conservation in response to climate change.
Herbaceous Plant Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties under Different Artificial Forests in the Bulianta Core Mine, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Ruidong , Meng Zhongju , Gao Yong , Wu Zhenliang
Published: September 2024

Understory vegetation constitutes an essential component of the ecosystem within the coal mining area, disclosing the correlation between plant species composition and soil properties throughout the multi-year restoration process, and offering a theoretical framework for ecological restoration and reconstruction in the northwest wind-blown sand mining area. We investigated the coupling and coordination degree between the composition of understory vegetation and soil in Pinus sylvestris forests, Hippophae rhamnoides forests, and Prunus sibirica forests at different restoration stages (5 years, 10 years, 15 years) using field survey methods and indoor separation techniques. The results clearly indicate that: (1) After 15 years of recovery, a total of 32 species of herbs appeared in different plantations, belonging to 8 families and 21 genera, of which Artemisia scoparia had the highest importance value (42.85); (2) Significant differences were observed in herb diversity, soil physicochemical properties, and their relationships among different plantations (p < 0.05); (3) The vegetation–soil coupling coordination index of the plantations was as follows: P. sibirica forest (0.5111) > P. sylvestris forest (0.5069) > H. rhamnoides forest (0.4932). The vegetation status of the H. rhamnoides forest is a state of vegetation lagging development type of intermediate-level coordinated development, while the vegetation status of the P. sibirica forest and the P. sylvestris forest is barely harmonious. The status of the P. sibirica forest and P. sylvestris forest is better than that of H. rhamnoides forests. It is essential to enhance the management measures implemented in the Bulianta mine area. Appropriate tending, particularly the regulation of soil nutrients, might be more conducive to the restoration of vegetation and the improvement of forest ecosystem services in the mining area.
Comprehensive Building Fire Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning and Stacking Ensemble Methods
Authors: Ahn Seungil , Won Jinsub , Lee Jangchoon , Choi Changhyun
Published: September 2024

Building fires pose a critical threat to life and property. Therefore, accurate fire risk prediction is essential for effective building fire prevention and mitigation strategies. This study presents a novel approach to predicting fire risk in buildings by leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and integrating diverse datasets. Our proposed model incorporates a comprehensive range of 34 variables, including building attributes, land characteristics, and demographic information, to construct a robust risk assessment framework. We applied 16 distinct machine learning algorithms, integrating them into a stacking ensemble model to address the limitations of individual models and significantly improve the model’s predictive reliability. The ensemble model classifies fire risk into five distinct categories. Notably, although the highest-risk category comprises only 22% of buildings, it accounts for 54% of actual fires, highlighting the model’s practical value. This research advances fire risk prediction methodologies by offering stakeholders a powerful tool for informed decision-making in fire prevention, insurance assessments, and emergency response planning.
Effect of Dry Aging of Pork on Microbiological Quality and Instrumental Characteristics
Authors: Veselá Helena , Kameník Josef , Dušková Marta , Ježek František , Svobodová Hana
Published: September 2024

Meat aging is an important process that affects the quality of meat and is traditionally used mainly for beef. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for pork products subjected to dry aging. The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters (microbiological quality, instrumental analyses of texture and color of meat, weight loss) of pork neck and loin with bone and skin together subjected to dry aging for 14 days. The microbiological profile (total viable psychrotrophic count, Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp.) on the surface of the meat with the skin and the lateral cutting surfaces without skin was compared on the first day after slaughter and after 14 days of dry aging. The results of this study demonstrated that dry aging did not significantly deteriorate the microbiological profile. Statistically significant weight losses were observed after 14 days of aging. The dry aging of pork had no significant effect on lightness (L*), redness (a*), and shear force. Significant differences were observed for yellowness (b*) and meat hardness (p < 0.05).
Biological Activities of Soy Protein Hydrolysate Conjugated with Mannose and Allulose
Authors: Anuduang Artorn , Ounjaijean Sakaewan , Phongphisutthinant Rewat , Pitchakarn Pornsiri , Chaipoot Supakit , Taya Sirinya , Parklak Wason , Wiriyacharee Pairote , Boonyapranai Kongsak
Published: September 2024

The non-enzymatic conjugation of peptides through the Maillard reaction has gained attention as an effective method to enhance biological functions. This study focuses on two conjugate mixtures: crude soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) conjugated with mannose (SPHM) and crude soy protein hydrolysate conjugated with allulose (SPHA). These two mixtures were products of the Maillard reaction, also known as non-enzymatic glycation. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-pancreatic lipase, inhibition of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) denaturation, and anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities of these conjugated mixtures. The results indicate that conjugated mixtures significantly enhance the antioxidant potential demonstrated via the DPPH and FRAP assays. SPHA exhibits superior DPPH scavenging activity (280.87 ± 16.39 µg Trolox/mL) and FRAP value (38.91 ± 0.02 mg Trolox/mL). Additionally, both conjugate mixtures, at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, enhance the BSA denaturation properties, with SPHM showing slightly higher effectiveness compared to SPHA (19.78 ± 2.26% and 5.95 ± 3.89%, respectively). SPHA also shows an improvement in pancreatic lipase inhibition (29.43 ± 1.94%) when compared to the SPHM (23.34 ± 3.75%). Furthermore, both the conjugated mixtures and rare sugars exhibit ACE inhibitory properties on their own, effectively reducing ACE activity. Notably, the ACE inhibitory effects of the individual compounds and their conjugate mixtures (SPHM and SPHA) are comparable to those of positive control (Enalapril). In conclusion, SPHM and SPHA demonstrate a variety of bioactive properties, suggesting their potential use in functional foods or as ingredients in supplementary products.
Australian and United States Consumer Acceptance of Beef Brisket Cooked Using the Low and Slow Barbeque Method
Authors: Lees Jarrod , Hardcastle Nicholas , Johnston Justin , Wong Rohen , Cuthbertson Holly , Tarr Garth , Garmyn Andrea , Miller Markus , Polkinghorne Rod , McGilchrist Peter
Published: September 2024

Meat Standards Australia (MSA) sensory protocols have been effectively utilized in beef for international consumers employing several cooking methods. Our objective was to compare the consumer response of Australian and American consumers to paired beef brisket samples utilizing a newly developed low and slow cooking method. Briskets were collected from Australian carcasses with diverse eating quality. Half of the briskets (n = 24) were retained in Australia and their pair was exported to Texas for consumer sensory testing. Naïve consumers (Australia; n = 240) and familiar consumers (USA; n = 240) evaluated paired barbequed briskets for tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking from 0 to 100 using a visual analogue scale, and a weighted composite meat quality score was later calculated. Australian consumers scored briskets lower for tenderness (−4.84 ± 1.70 points) and juiciness (−4.44 ± 1.55 points) and higher for flavor liking (3.48 ± 1.58 points); however, there was no difference between the countries for overall liking (p = 0.75) and combined meat quality score (p = 0.88). Differences between Australian and US consumers’ evaluations indicate that there is an impact of cultural background, potentially driven by Australia’s naivety to the low and slow barbeque cooking method.
Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Singularity Models: A Case Study of the Taiwan Strait Basin
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Li , Lei Zhenyu , Xiao Fan , Zhou Yongzhang , Zhao Jing , Qian Xing
Published: September 2024

The identification of geochemical anomalies in oil and gas indicators is a fundamental task in oil and gas exploration, as the process of oil and gas accumulation is a low probability event. Machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection are applicable to the identification of oil and gas geochemical anomalies related to oil and gas accumulation. However, when using oil and gas indicators for anomaly detection, the diversity of these indicators often leads to the influence of the indicator redundancy on the identification of such features. Therefore, it is particularly important to select appropriate oil and gas indicators for anomaly detection. In this study, a hybrid model combining unsupervised machine learning methods and singularity analysis methods was used to evaluate oil and gas indicator anomalies using geochemical data from the Taiwan Strait Basin. The models used in this study include the singularity index model, the principal component model combined with the singularity index model, and the cluster analysis combined with the principal component model and the singularity index model. PCA models can reduce the dimensions of the data and retain as much information as possible. CLA divides data samples into different groups, so that samples within the same group are more similar and samples between different groups are less similar. LSP is mainly used for measuring the setting and singular degree of local anomalies in multi-scale geochemistry, geophysics, and other types of local anomalies, and it has a unique advantage in extracting low and weak anomalies and nonlinear characteristics. The results of the study show that the results obtained using the CLA-PCA-LSP hybrid model are very similar to those obtained by performing PCA on the entire index and then calculating the singularity index. This also verifies that, for the study areas of the Jiulongjiang Depression and Jinjiang Depression, we can select oil and gas indicators that are favorable for exploration analysis, without including all indicators in the analysis scope, thereby improving the computational efficiency. The application of a singularity analysis method and generalized self-similarity principle in extracting the geochemical information of oil and gas indicators in the Taiwan Strait Basin highlights key technologies such as the identification of weak anomalies, decomposition of composite anomalies, and integration of spatial information. The combination anomalies delineated by the singularity analysis method and S-A method not only reflect the spatial relationship with known oil and gas reservoir distribution, but also show the multiple combination anomalies in unknown areas, providing favorable guidance for the next exploration direction in the Taiwan Strait Basin.
Utilization of Microfluidic Droplet-Based Methods in Diagnosis and Treatment Methods of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Zajanckauskaite Akvilė , Lingelbach Miah , Juozapaitė Dovilė , Utkus Algirdas , Rukšnaitytė Greta , Jonuškienė Goda , Gulla Aistė
Published: September 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. One of the main challenges in the management of HCC is late clinical presentation and thus diagnosis of the disease, which results in poor survival. The pathogenesis of HCC is complex and involves chronic liver injury and genetic alterations. Diagnosis of HCC can be made either by biopsy or imaging; however, conventional tissue-based biopsy methods and serological biomarkers such as AFP have limited clinical applications. While hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a range of molecular alterations, including the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, such as Wnt-TGFβ, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, RAS-MAPK, MET, IGF, and Wnt-β-catenin and TP53 and TERT promoter mutations, microfluidic applications have been limited. Early diagnosis is crucial for advancing treatments that would address the heterogeneity of HCC. In this context, microfluidic droplet-based methods are crucial, as they enable comprehensive analysis of the genome and transcriptome of individual cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows the examination of individual cell transcriptomes, identifying their heterogeneity and cellular evolutionary relationships. Other microfluidic methods, such as Drop-seq, InDrop, and ATAC-seq, are also employed for single-cell analysis. Here, we examine and compare these microfluidic droplet-based methods, exploring their advantages and limitations in liver cancer research. These technologies provide new opportunities to understand liver cancer biology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, contributing to scientific efforts in combating this challenging disease.
MicroRNA and Rare Human Diseases
Authors: Goel Himanshu , Goel Amy
Published: September 2024

Background: The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of rare genetic disorders has been gradually discovered. MiRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression by silencing target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Their biogenesis involves transcription into primary miRNA (pri-miRNA), processing by the DROSHA–DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8) complex, exportation to the cytoplasm, and further processing by DICER to generate mature miRNAs. These mature miRNAs are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), where they modulate gene expression. Methods/Results: The dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in various Mendelian disorders and familial diseases, including DICER1 syndrome, neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), and conditions linked to mutations in miRNA-binding sites. We summarized a few mechanisms how miRNA processing and regulation abnormalities lead to rare genetic disorders. Examples of such genetic diseases include hearing loss associated with MIR96 mutations, eye disorders linked to MIR184 mutations, and skeletal dysplasia involving MIR140 mutations. Conclusions: Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial, as miRNA dysregulation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of these conditions, offering significant potential for the diagnosis and potential therapeutic intervention.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Mitochondrial Genomic Evolution in the Endemic Genus Pielomastax (Orthoptera: Eumastacoidea) in China
Authors: Lu Jun-Hui , Zhang Keyao , Xu Sheng-Quan , Ding Ying
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The genus Pielomastax Chang (Orthoptera: Eumastacoidea, 1937) is endemic to China, which is mainly distributed in low- and medium-altitude areas in central and eastern China. However, there are relatively few molecular data studies on the genus Pielomastax. Methods: In this study, three species of the genus Pielomastax were collected from Hubei and Henan, China, namely Pielomastax sp., Pielomastax shennongjiaensis Wang (1995) and Pielomastax tenuicerca Hsia and Liu (1989). Both Pielomastax sp. and Pielomastax shennongjiaensis were collected from the Shennongjia area of Hubei, but they exhibit some differences in morphological characteristics. Results: We obtained the mitochondrial genome structures of the three species, which were similar to those of the published mitochondrial genome structures of species within Eumastacoidea with 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs. The results of the maximum likelihood (ML) tree and the Bayesian inference (BI) tree showed that the families Eumastacidae, Chorotypidae and Episactinae in Eumastacoidea are a monophyletic group, and Thericleinae and Episactinae are sister clades. The time-calibrated phylogeny results indicated that the divergence time between Thericleinae and Episactinae was 95.58 Ma (56.71–128.02 Ma). Conclusions: These phylogenetic tree results indicate that Pielomastax sp. and Pielomastax shennongjiaensis are the same species. And the time-calibrated phylogeny tree and the species distribution map of the genus Pielomastax indicate that the species of the genus Pielomastax spread from eastern to central China and diversified. These studies fill the gap in molecular data for the genus Pielomastax and the taxonomic status of Episactidae.
New Mutation Associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease Type I: A Case Report
Authors: Rai Vanya , Singh Manisha , Holthoff Joseph H.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most prevalent heritable disorders, characterized by the progressive development of kidney cysts leading to renal failure. It is primarily caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, which account for approximately 85% and 15% of cases, respectively. This case report describes a previously unreported mutation in the PKD1 gene, identified in a family involving an aunt and her niece with ADPKD. Case Presentation: The index case, a 56-year-old female with chronic kidney disease stage 3b secondary to ADPKD and hypertension, exhibited a strong family history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Initial genetic evaluations did not identify any recognized pathogenic mutations, leading to a more detailed investigation which revealed a novel mutation in the PKD1 gene. This mutation was also found in her niece, who presented with early-onset disease. Conclusions: The identification of a heterozygous six-nucleotide deletion, c.2084_2089del, resulting in the in-frame deletion of two amino acids, p.Pro695_Ala696del, in the PKD1 gene, has been linked with ADPKD in these patients. This report emphasizes the need for continuous updates to genetic data for a deeper understanding of the diagnosis and prognosis of ADPKD that could potentially aid in targeted therapy.
Metabolomic Changes Associated with AGXT2 Genotype Variants and Stone Formation in a Colony of Cats
Authors: Hall Jean A. , Brockman Jeffrey A. , Brejda John J. , Jewell Dennis E.
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum chemistries and metabolomic parameters in cats with genetic variants of the alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) gene to determine abnormalities associated with urolith formation and better understand effective approaches for the treatment of cats with uroliths. Methods: AGXT2 genotypes of 445 cats in the colony at Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc. (Topeka, KS, USA) were assessed in a genome-wide association study. Additionally, the serum chemistries and metabolic profiles of each cat were determined, along with their lifetime history of stone incidence. Factor analysis was used as a data-reduction method for metabolites in order to perform statistical hypothesis testing and to select significant metabolites from the more than 600 serum metabolites identified. Results: Of the 82 cats forming stones in the colony (18.4%), the majority were calcium oxalate. Results showed that approximately one third of the cats with the AA variant of the AGXT2 gene have stones, that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more common in cats with stones, and that having stones results in a shorter lifespan. A discriminant variable selection process was performed to determine the complete blood count, serum biochemistries, and serum metabolomic factors that best discriminated among the three genotypes (AA, AG, GG) and between cats forming stones and non-stone formers. Several of the highly ranked discriminating factors included metabolites related to decreased aminotransferase activity in cats with the AA variant of the AGXT2 gene. Another factor that ranked highly for discriminating between stone formers and non-stone formers contained lipid metabolites, consisting of multiple sphingomyelin species and cholesterol. Conclusions: These findings support the results of feeding studies in cats, whereby CKD cats fed food supplemented with betaine and prebiotics have experienced an increase in total body mass, reduced uremic toxins, and altered sphingomyelin concentrations.
The Association between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 5HTTLPR, and the Role of Ethnicity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Landoni Marta , Di Tella Sonia , Ciuffo Giulia , Ionio Chiara
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The current meta-analysis looks at the effect of ethnicity on the connection between 5-HTTLPR SNPs and PTSD patients in all published genetic association studies. Techniques: In accordance with PRISMA principles, the literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. A consistent method was followed by two reviewers who independently chose publications for inclusion and extracted data. Using a random-effects model, a meta-analysis of the biallelic and triallelic studies was conducted in order to determine the pooled OR and the associated 95% CI. The impact estimates were corrected for minor study effects, including publication bias, using the trim-and-fill approach. Findings: After 17 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion, the overall sample size was 8838 controls and 2586 PTSD patients, as opposed to 627 and 3524 in the triallelic meta-analysis. The results of our meta-analysis and comprehensive review do not point to a direct main effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms on PTSD. Nonetheless, preliminary data suggest that ethnicity influences the association between 5-HTTLPR and PTSD. Conclusions: According to our findings, ethnicity—especially African ethnicity—has a major influence on the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and PTSD and needs to be taken into account as a crucial moderating factor in further studies.
Sudden Cardiac Death and Channelopathies: What Lies behind the Clinical Significance of Rare Splice-Site Alterations in the Genes Involved?
Authors: Pesaresi Mauro , Bernini Di Michele Alessia , Melchionda Filomena , Onofri Valerio , Alessandrini Federica , Turchi Chiara
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a natural and unexpected death of cardiac origin that occurs within 1 h from the onset of acute symptoms. The major leading causes of SCD are cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. In this review, we focus on channelopathies, inherited diseases caused by mutations affecting genes encoding membrane ion channels (sodium, potassium or calcium channels) or cellular structures that affect Ca2+ availability. The diagnosis of diseases such as long QT, Brugada syndrome, short QT and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is still challenging. Currently, genetic testing and next-generation sequencing allow us to identify many rare alterations. However, some non-coding variants, e.g., splice-site variants, are usually difficult to interpret and to classify. Methods: In our review, we searched for splice-site variants of genes involved in channelopathies, focusing on variants of unknown significance (VUSs) registered on ClinVar up to now. Results: The research led to a high number of splice-site VUSs of genes involved in channelopathies, suggesting the performance of deeper studies. Conclusions: In order to interpret the correlation between variants and pathologies, we discuss experimental studies, such as RNA sequencing and functional analysis of proteins. Unfortunately, as these in vitro analyses cannot always be performed, we draw attention to in silico studies as future perspectives in genetics. This review has the aim of discussing the potential methods of detection and interpretation of VUSs, bringing out the need for a future reclassification of variants with currently unknown significance.
A Study on Internet News for Patient Safety Campaigns: Focusing on Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Authors: Shin Sun-Hwa , Baek On-Jeon
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the main issues related to public patient safety campaigns reflected in Korean online news. This study utilized a text-mining method to identify keywords and topics related to patient safety campaigns. Methods: The data collection period was from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023, and 4110 news articles were extracted. Through data preprocessing, 2661 duplicated news and 1213 unrelated news were removed, and 236 news were selected. Using the NetMiner program, keyword co-occurrence frequency calculation, keyword centrality analysis, and topic modeling analysis were performed. Results: The results showed that the most frequently mentioned keywords with high degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality in online news were “hospital”, “medical”, “medicine”, “project”, and “treatment”. The topics of online news related to the patient safety campaign were “patient-centered care for medical safety”, “health promotion projects at a regional institution”, “hand hygiene education to prevent infection”, “healthcare quality improvement through the Mint Festival”, and “safe use of medicines”. Conclusions: This study analyzed patient safety campaign news topics using text network analysis and topic modeling. It was confirmed that patient safety campaigns are essential for fostering a patient safety culture, improving medical quality, and encouraging patient participation in hospitals. Therefore, to build a safe medical environment, it is necessary to establish an effective patient safety campaign for not only medical staff providing medical care, but also patients and their caregivers, and for this, cooperation and participation from various professional occupations are necessary.
Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Distributing HIV Self-Tests within Assisted Partner Services in Western Kenya
Authors: Mudhune Victor , Sharma Monisha , Masyuko Sarah , Ngure Kenneth , Otieno George , Roy Paladhi Unmesha , Katz David A. , Kariithi Edward , Farquhar Carey , Bosire Rose
Published: September 2024

Background: Assisted partner services (APS) is a recommended public health approach to promote HIV testing for sexual partners of individuals diagnosed with HIV. We evaluated the cost and cost-effectiveness of integrating oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) into existing APS programs. Methods: Within the APS-HIVST study conducted in western Kenya (2021–2022), we conducted micro-costing, time-and-motion, and provider surveys to determine incremental HIVST distribution cost (2022 USD). Using a decision tree model, we estimated the incremental cost per new diagnosis (ICND) for HIVST incorporated into APS, compared to APS with provider-delivered testing only. Scenario, parameter and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore influential assumptions. Results: The cost per HIVST distributed within APS was USD 8.97, largest component costs were testing supplies (38%) and personnel (30%). Under conditions of a facility-based testing uptake of <91%, or HIVST utilization rates of <27%, HIVST integration into APS is potentially cost-effective. At a willing-to-pay threshold of USD 1000, the net monetary benefit was sensitive to the effectiveness of HIVST in increasing testing rates, phone call rates, HIVST sensitivity, HIV prevalence, cost of HIVST, space allocation at facilities, and personnel time during facility-based testing. In a best-case scenario, the HIVST option was cheaper by USD 3037 and diagnosed 11 more cases (ICND = 265.82). Conclusions: Implementers and policy makers should ensure that HIVST programs are implemented under conditions that guarantee efficiency by focusing on facilities with low uptake for provider-delivered facility-based testing, while deliberately targeting HIVST utilization among the few likely to benefit from remote testing. Additional measures should focus on minimizing costs relating to personnel and testing supplies.
Exploration of Food Attitudes and Management of Eating Behavior from a Psycho-Nutritional Perspective
Authors: Dicu Anca Mihaela , Cuc Lavinia Denisia , Rad Dana , Rusu Andreea Ioana , Feher Andrea , Isac Florin Lucian , Manate Daniel , Pallag Annamaria , Barbu Florentina Simona
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between food attitudes and the management of eating behavior from a psycho-nutritional perspective, with a focus on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The objective was to explore how emotional food cravings influence different aspects of eating behavior and dietary attitudes, and to identify indirect pathways through which these cravings affect attitudes toward dieting behaviors. Methods: Data were collected from 659 participants using validated scales that assessed dieting tendencies, bulimia and food preoccupation, culinary behaviors, food preoccupation, expectations of positive outcomes, and emotional food cravings. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, and network analysis were employed to uncover significant associations among these variables. A sequential mediation analysis was conducted using SPSS PROCESS Macro Model 6 to identify indirect pathways. Results: The analysis revealed significant associations among the variables. Emotional food craving had a negative indirect effect on dieting attitudes through bulimia tendencies (effect size: −0.523) and a positive indirect effect through food preoccupation (effect size: 0.1006). These results highlight the complex interplay between emotional food cravings, bulimia tendencies, and food preoccupation in shaping dieting attitudes. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the complex dynamic between emotional food cravings, bulimia tendencies, and food preoccupation, and their collective impact on dieting attitudes. This study provides insights into potential intervention strategies aimed at improving eating habits by addressing emotional food cravings and their indirect effects on dietary behavior.
Emerging Evidence Supports Broader Definition of Chairside Behavior Guidance and Familial Compliance
Authors: Casamassimo Paul S.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Behavior management as a set of clinical techniques to induce desirable clinical treatment and subsequent compliance behaviors in children and families varies internationally based on professional training, access to care, health literacy, and societal norms. This report proposes non-typical diagnostic considerations of additional inherent behavioral conditions and familial and social qualifiers that may help predict success both at the chairside and in compliance with home self-care behaviors to reduce caries susceptibility. Methods: A review of the medical and dental literature provides ample support for the consideration of changing characteristics of both the patient and the environment. Results: The current recommendations for choice of behavior guidance in direct clinical care, as used in the USA, often fall short of efficacy for a variety of reasons including the provider limitations, the extent and difficulty of treatment, and most recently appreciated, the complexity of negative childhood experiences, subclinical behavioral disorders, and immutable negative determinants of health outside the dental setting affecting interaction with health professionals. These same factors, such as family dysfunction and societal stresses, also impact compliance with out-of-clinic preventive efforts that many oral health care providers rely upon to help mitigate treatment limitations in reaching children. There are also behavioral elements of compliance and attitudes toward health that dentists need to recognize. Conclusions: A broader, more inclusive concept of behavior guidance to include factors beyond those typically associated with a dental patient affecting treatment and compliance with preventive behaviors may be beneficial. Every population and patient will have differing characteristics and require individualized care.