bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHAPING AUTONOMOUS LEARNERS IN EFL ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: L. Angelianawati
Published: October 2022

Abstrak

Artikel ini mengulas fenomena otonomi pembelajar dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing di Indonesia. Otonomi pelajar telah menjadi topik yang signifikan dalam pendidikan bahasa baru-baru ini sebagai hasil dari penekanan pada refleksi dan tanggung jawab pelajar untuk proses belajarnya sendiri. Banyak guru bahasa, di sisi lain, yang berkomitmen pada pemusatan dan otonomi pembelajar, berjuang dalam hal bagaimana memelihara otonomi pembelajar atau setidaknya untuk mewujudkan konsep otonomi pembelajar di kelas bahasa terutama dalam konteks pembelajaran saat ini yang telah bergeser dari pembelajaran tatap muka menjadi pembelajaran online, dan kini mulai berubah menjadi pembelajaran tatap muka dan atau blended learning. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengulas permasalahan dan cara untuk membentuk otonomi pembelajar di kelas bahasa Inggris. Kesimpulannya, membentuk pembelajar otonom dalam lingkungan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing harus mempertimbangkan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran otonom. Pendampingan guru tidak boleh absen selama proses pembelajaran bahasa melainkan memfasilitasi proses tersebut, walaupun inti dari belajar otonom adalah menuntut peserta didik untuk belajar secara mandiri.

Kata kunci:     pembelajar otonom, Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing, pembelajaran online

 

Abstract

The paper focuses on learner autonomy in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning context in Indonesia. Learner autonomy has become an essential topic in recent language education due to an emphasis on learner reflection and taking responsibility for one’s learning processes. Many language teachers who are committed to learner-centeredness and autonomy struggle with how to nurture student autonomy or at the very least to promote the concept of learner autonomy in the language classroom, especially in the current context of learning which has shifted from face-to-face to online learning, and now starting to change into face-to-face and or blended learning. The study’s objective is to ascertain the ways and issues shaping learner autonomy in EFL online classrooms. In conclusion, shaping autonomous learners in an EFL environment should consider the principles of autonomous learning. Teachers’ assistance should not be absent during the language learning process but facilitate the process, even though the essence of autonomous learning is to require learners to learn independently.

 

Keywords:      autonomous learner, EFL, online learning
EVALUASI USER INTERFACE WEBSITE E-COMMERCE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HEURISTIC
Authors: Aliyanto Arif , Wijaya Andri , Sitompul Alfonso
Published: October 2022

The development of e-commerce lately is very rampant, especially in Indonesia. With so many new business models emerging, making the business world full of variety and also inseparable from competition. A lot of e-commerce is based on a website that makes it easy for consumers and fulfills their needs. The e-commerce website that is the object of this research is shopee.com. The reason for choosing this website is because it is based on the ranking of the most frequently visited e-commerce websites on the iprice.co.id site. To find out the website is frequently visited, one of them is how attractive the interface of the website is to find out the truth, there are many methods used, one of which is the Heuristic Evaluation method. This method is used because this method has indicators that facilitate the analysis process. The results of this study can be seen that the criteria tested based on the Heuristic principle have all received a good response or agreed from the respondents and with these results for further research it can be increased to the maximum value.
A New Method for Combined Hyperventilation and Hypoxia Training in a Tactical Fighter Simulator
Authors: Leinonen Antti M. , Varis Nikke O. , Kokki Hannu J. , Leino Tuomo K.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Physiological episodes are an issue in military aviation. Some non-pressure-related in-flight symptoms are proved to be due to hyperventilation rather than hypoxia. The aim of this study was to validate a new training method provoking hyperventilation during normobaric
hypoxia (NH) training in an F/A-18 Hornet simulator.METHODS: In a double-blind setting, 26 fighter pilots from the Finnish Air Force performed 2 setups in a WTSAT simulator in randomized order with full flight gear. Without the pilot's knowledge, 6% O2 in nitrogen or
6% O2 + 4% CO2 in nitrogen was turned on. Ventilation (VE) was measured before, during, and after hypoxia. Spo2 and ECG were monitored and symptoms documented. The subjects performed a tactical identification flight until they recognized symptoms
of hypoxia. Thereafter, they performed hypoxia emergency procedures with 100% O2 and returned to the base with a GPS malfunction and executed an instrument landing system (ILS) approach with the waterline HUD mode evaluated by the flight instructor on a scale of 1 to 5.RESULTS:
Ventilation increased during normobaric hypoxia (NH) from 12 L · min−1 to 19 L · min−1 at Spo2 75% with 6% O2, and from 12 L · min−1 to 26 L · min−1 at Spo2
77% with 6% O2 + 4% CO2. ILS flight performance was similar 10 min after combined hyperventilation and hypoxia (3.1 with 6% O2 + 4% CO2 and 3.2 with 6% O2). No adverse effects were reported during the 24-h follow-up.DISCUSSION:
Hyperventilation-provoking normobaric hypoxia training is a new and well-tolerated method to meet NATO Standardization Agreement hypoxia training requirements.Leinonen AM, Varis NO, Kokki HJ, Leino TK. A new method for combined hyperventilation and hypoxia training in a tactical
fighter simulator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(9):681–687.
Exercise ECG for Screening in Military Aircrew
Authors: Guettler Norbert , Nicol Edward D. , Sammito Stefan
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: The exercise electrocardiogram (ExECG), or stress test, is a widely used screening tool in occupational medicine designed to detect occult coronary artery disease, and assess performance capacity and cardiovascular fitness. In some guidelines, it is recommended
for high-risk occupations in which occult disease could possibly endanger public safety. In aviation medicine, however, there is an ongoing debate on the use and periodicity of ExECG for screening of aircrew.METHOD: In the German Armed Forces, aircrew applicants and active-duty
aircrew undergo screening ExECG. We analyzed 7646 applicant ExECGs (5871 from pilot and 1775 from nonpilot applicants) and 17,131 ExECGs from 3817 active-duty pilots. All were performed at the German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine (GAFCAM) and analyzed for ECG abnormalities, performance
capacity, blood pressure, and heart rate response.RESULTS: Only 15/5871 (0.2%) of pilot applicants required further investigation and none were ultimately disqualified for aircrew duties due to their ExECG results. Of the nonpilot applicants, 22/1775 (1.2%) required further diagnostic
work-up due to their ExECG findings, with only 1 ultimately disqualified. From active-duty pilots, 84/17,131 (0.5%) ExECGs revealed findings requiring further investigation, with only 2 pilots ultimately disqualified from flying duties.DISCUSSION: The extremely low yield of ExECG
findings requiring further evaluation and/or disqualification for aircrew duties suggest its use is questionable and not cost-effective as a screening tool in this cohort. It may be enough to perform ExECG on clinical indication alone.Guettler N, Nicol ED, Sammito S. Exercise ECG
for screening in military aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(9):666–672.
In Search of Biomarkers in Eosinophilic Oesophagitis: We Are Not There Yet!
Authors: Bhardwaj Neeti , Ghaffari Gisoo
Published: October 2022

Background: Eosiniphilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated disease with a complex pathophysiology. The accepted standard for objectively monitoring inflammation associated with this disorder is the number of eosinophils in oesophageal tissue biopsies obtained endoscopically. There is a need for alternative biomarkers that effectively correlate with disease activity and can hopefully be obtained non-invasively. The aim of this study is to review the literature on various biomarkers of EoE, with respect to their correlation to disease activity and response to treatment.

Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed and OVID with keyword combinations of EoE and various potential biomarkers. Between 2006 and 2015, 39 studies that investigated the correlation of various tissue and serum biomarkers with EoE disease were identified.

Results: A number of candidates have emerged as potential biomarkers of inflammation in EoE. Eotaxin-3, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, microRNAs, and mast cell mediators have shown the most promise. Studies on these markers are quite heterogeneous in terms of methodology, with use of invasively as well as non-invasively obtained specimens.

Conclusion: The quest for an ideal biomarker for EoE continues. Establishment of normal values, effects of concomitant atopic diseases, age and gender, and validation of methodology of the tests are some of the challenges that future research should address.
Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tu Zhi-qiang , Zhang Wei-qi
Published: October 2022

One of the complications of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), which may be considered as a form of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Trigger factors are drugs (aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gold preparations, methotrexate, and tumour necrosis factor blocking agents), drug change, drug side effects, or initiation of biological drugs and infections. The pathogenesis of MAS is still unclear and it may be explained by uncontrolled activities of macrophages. A lot of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and interferon gamma play important roles in the pathogenesis of MAS. The diagnosis of MAS is often challenging. In 2016, the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) approved classification criteria for MAS complicating SJIA. Corticosteroid and cyclosporin A treatment have been used in the treatment of MAS. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment has been used in some cases of MAS. Biologic agents have been used, such as anakinra (IL-1 alpha and beta inhibition), canakinumab (IL-1 beta inhibition), and tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibition). Early detection and early intervention are vital to avoid poor outcomes in MAS. SJIA is a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and MAS is a serious, potentially fatal, complication of SJIA that occurs most commonly in children.
Perceptions of a good life for the oldest old living at home
Authors: Almevall Ariel , Juuso Päivi , Zingmark Karin , Nilsson Carina
Published: October 2022

An increasing number of people are growing older and living longer in their homes. This study aims to describe key stakeholders’ (politicians, managers, and professionals) perceptions of a good life for single-living oldest old persons living at home with extensive needs for support. Inter­views with stakeholders were analysed with content analysis. The analy­sis resulted in the theme: An incongruence between intentions and actions in promoting a good life for the oldest old. Our findings show a gap between intentions and actions, which caused feelings of powerlessness in the key stakeholders. To promote a good life for the oldest old persons, a congruence is needed between individual awareness and the prerequisite of promoting a good life. Developing methods that identify and bridge gaps between intentions and actions could support the abilities of organ­isations to promote a good life for the oldest old persons with extensive needs for support.
Autobiography and social climbing
Authors: Alheit Peter
Published: October 2022

The following essay touches on a highly interesting problem for politically sensitive adult education: What are the ‘costs’ of educational advancement? The answer is sought in biographies of three prominent examples: Pierre Bourdieu, Annie Ernaux and Didier Eribon. The data is based on autobiographically oriented reflections of the protagonists – symptomatically not ‘classic’ autobiographies. The concentration on France has to do with the fact that in the French cultural tradition this level of reflection – not least through the works of the selected authors – has gained a particular meaning. The selection itself relates to astonishing differences in the influences of historical times and the relevance of cohort experiences. The result of the analysis is undoubtedly an ‘essayistic dramatisation’, not a hasty generalisation, but it could stimulate scientific discussion and systematic empirical research.
A unified framework for analyzing complex systems: Juxtaposing the (Kernel) PCA method and graph theory
Authors: Ioannides Andreas A. , Kourouyiannis Constantinos , Karittevlis Christodoulos , Liu Lichan , Michos Ioannis , Papadopoulos Michalis , Papaefthymiou Evangelos , Pavlou Orestis , Papadopoulou Lesta Vicky , Efstathiou Andreas
Published: October 2022

In this article, we present a unified framework for the analysis and characterization of a complex system and demonstrate its application in two diverse fields: neuroscience and astrophysics. The framework brings together techniques from graph theory, applied mathematics, and dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis (PCA), separating linear PCA and its extensions. The implementation of the framework maps an abstract multidimensional set of data into reduced representations, which enable the extraction of its most important properties (features) characterizing its complexity. These reduced representations can be sign-posted by known examples to provide meaningful descriptions of the results that can spur explanations of phenomena and support or negate proposed mechanisms in each application. In this work, we focus on the clustering aspects, highlighting relatively fixed stable properties of the system under study. We include examples where clustering leads to semantic maps and representations of dynamic processes within the same display. Although the framework is composed of existing theories and methods, its usefulness is exactly that it brings together seemingly different approaches, into a common framework, revealing their differences/commonalities, advantages/disadvantages, and suitability for a given application. The framework provides a number of different computational paths and techniques to choose from, based on the dimension reduction method to apply, the clustering approaches to be used, as well as the representations (embeddings) of the data in the reduced space. Although here it is applied to just two scientific domains, neuroscience and astrophysics, it can potentially be applied in several other branches of sciences, since it is not based on any specific domain knowledge.
Effect of rice straw powder on properties of one-part alkali-activated slag
Authors: Yin Kangting , Jiang Yaqing , Wang Yu , Zhao Wenhao , Pan Zhenghua , Li Zhenming
Published: October 2022

One-part alkali-activated slag (AAS) as a binder material has a promising application in the construction industry. The properties of one-part AAS incorporating agricultural wastes have been seldom studied. In this paper, the fresh and hardened properties of one-part AAS with the addition of rice straw powder (RSP) were investigated. The reaction rate in the acceleration period of AAS is reduced by RSP. The compressive strength of the mixture decreases with the introduction of RSP, while the flexural strength increases. The porosity of the hardened mixtures becomes lower when RSP was incorporated. N-(C)-A-S-H gel was detected in the system when 4.2% RSP was present. The RSP reduces the early-age autogenous shrinkage of AAS by providing internal curing to the matrix, but its effect on long-term drying shrinkage is limited.
Annexins and cardiovascular diseases: Beyond membrane trafficking and repair
Authors: Méndez-Barbero Nerea , San Sebastian-Jaraba Irene , Blázquez-Serra Rafael , Martín-Ventura Jose L. , Blanco-Colio Luis M.
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The main cause underlying CVD is associated with the pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, involving several cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and leukocytes. Vascular remodeling is often related with the development of atherosclerotic plaques leading to narrowing of the arteries and reduced blood flow. Atherosclerosis is known to be triggered by high blood cholesterol levels, which in the presence of a dysfunctional endothelium, results in the retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall, leading to an immune-inflammatory response. Continued hypercholesterolemia and inflammation aggravate the progression of atherosclerotic plaque over time, which is often complicated by thrombus development, leading to the possibility of CV events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Annexins are a family of proteins with high structural homology that bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. These proteins are involved in several biological functions, from cell structural organization to growth regulation and vesicle trafficking.In vitrogain- or loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated the implication of annexins with a wide variety of cellular processes independent of calcium signaling such as immune-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and membrane repair. In the last years, the use of mice deficient for different annexins has provided insight into additional functions of these proteinsin vivo, and their involvement in different pathologies. This review will focus in the role of annexins in CVD, highlighting the mechanisms involved and the potential therapeutic effects of these proteins.
Epigenetics of neural differentiation: Spotlight on enhancers
Authors: Giacoman-Lozano Mayela , Meléndez-Ramírez César , Martinez-Ledesma Emmanuel , Cuevas-Diaz Duran Raquel , Velasco Iván
Published: October 2022

Neural induction, both in vivo and in vitro, includes cellular and molecular changes that result in phenotypic specialization related to specific transcriptional patterns. These changes are achieved through the implementation of complex gene regulatory networks. Furthermore, these regulatory networks are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that drive cell heterogeneity and cell-type specificity, in a controlled and complex manner. Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone residue modifications, are highly dynamic and stage-specific during neurogenesis. Genome-wide assessment of these modifications has allowed the identification of distinct non-coding regulatory regions involved in neural cell differentiation, maturation, and plasticity. Enhancers are short DNA regulatory regions that bind transcription factors (TFs) and interact with gene promoters to increase transcriptional activity. They are of special interest in neuroscience because they are enriched in neurons and underlie the cell-type-specificity and dynamic gene expression profiles. Classification of the full epigenomic landscape of neural subtypes is important to better understand gene regulation in brain health and during diseases. Advances in novel next-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies, genome editing, Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), stem cell differentiation, and brain organoids are allowing researchers to study brain development and neurodegenerative diseases with an unprecedented resolution. Herein, we describe important epigenetic mechanisms related to neurogenesis in mammals. We focus on the potential roles of neural enhancers in neurogenesis, cell-fate commitment, and neuronal plasticity. We review recent findings on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in neurogenesis and discuss how sequence variations within enhancers may be associated with genetic risk for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
PRC2-dependent regulation of ganglioside expression during dedifferentiation contributes to the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Sasaki Norihiko , Hirano Kazumi , Shichi Yuuki , Itakura Yoko , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Toyoda Masashi
Published: October 2022

Phenotypic switching between contractile (differentiated state) and proliferative (dedifferentiated state) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a hallmark of vascular remodeling that contributes to atherosclerotic diseases. Gangliosides, a group of glycosphingolipids, have been detected in atherosclerotic lesions and are suspected to contribute to the disease process. However, the underlying mechanism, specifically with respect to their role in VSMC phenotype switching, is not clear. In this study, we sought to reveal the endogenous expression of gangliosides and their functional significance in VSMCs during atherosclerosis. We found that switching from the contractile to proliferative phenotype was accompanied by upregulation of a- and b-series gangliosides, which in turn, were regulated by polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2). Downregulation of ganglioside expression using an siRNA targeting ST3GAL5, which is required for the synthesis of a- and b-series gangliosides, attenuated the proliferation and migration of dedifferentiated VSMCs. Therefore, we concluded that the increased expression of a- and b-series gangliosides via PRC2 activity during dedifferentiation is involved in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Gangliosides may be an effective target in VSMCs for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.
Single-nuclei analysis reveals depot-specific transcriptional heterogeneity and depot-specific cell types in adipose tissue of dairy cows
Authors: Michelotti Tainara C. , Kisby Brent R. , Flores Lauryn S. , Tegeler Alexandra P. , Fokar Mohamed , Crasto Chiquito , Menarim Bruno C. , Loux Shavahn C. , Strieder-Barboza Clarissa
Published: October 2022

Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ with a central role on whole-body energy metabolism and development of metabolic diseases. Single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, respectively) analyses in mice and human AT have revealed vast cell heterogeneity and functionally distinct subtypes that are potential therapeutic targets to metabolic disease. In periparturient dairy cows, AT goes through intensive remodeling and its dysfunction is associated with metabolic disease pathogenesis and decreased productive performance. The contributions of depot-specific cells and subtypes to the development of diseases in dairy cows remain to be studied. Our objective was to elucidate differences in cellular diversity of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) AT in dairy cows at the single-nuclei level. We collected matched SAT and VAT samples from three dairy cows and performed snRNA-seq analysis. We identified distinct cell types including four major mature adipocytes (AD) and three stem and progenitor cells (ASPC) subtypes, along with endothelial cells (EC), mesothelial cells (ME), immune cells, and pericytes and smooth muscle cells. All major cell types were present in both SAT and VAT, although a strong VAT-specificity was observed for ME, which were basically absent in SAT. One ASPC subtype was defined as adipogenic (PPARG+) while the other two had a fibro-adipogenic profile (PDGFRA+). We identified vascular and lymphatic EC subtypes, and different immune cell types and subtypes in both SAT and VAT, i.e., macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and natural killer cells. Not only did VAT show a greater proportion of immune cells, but these visceral immune cells had greater activation of pathways related to immune and inflammatory response, and complement cascade in comparison with SAT. There was a substantial contrast between depots for gene expression of complement cascade, which were greatly expressed by VAT cell subtypes compared to SAT, indicating a pro-inflammatory profile in VAT. Unprecedently, our study demonstrated cell-type and depot-specific heterogeneity in VAT and SAT of dairy cows. A better understanding of depot-specific molecular and cellular features of SAT and VAT will aid in the development of AT-targeted strategies to prevent and treat metabolic disease in dairy cows, especially during the periparturient period.
Microglia modulate proliferation, neurite generation and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Lilienberg Julianna , Apáti Ágota , Réthelyi János M. , Homolya László
Published: October 2022

Microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain, significantly influence the fate of neurons after neural damage. Depending on the local environment, they exhibit a wide range of phenotypes, including patrolling (naïve), proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, which greatly affects neurotoxicity. Despite the fact that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and hippocampal neurons represent cell populations, which play pivotal role in neural regeneration, interaction between microglia and these cell types is poorly studied. In the present work, we investigated how microglial cells affect the proliferation and neurite outgrowth of human stem cell-derived NPCs, and how microglia stimulation with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents modulates this interaction. We found that naïve microglia slightly diminish NPC proliferation and have no effect on neurite outgrowth. In contrast, proinflammatory stimulated microglia promote both proliferation and neurite generation, whereas microglia stimulated with anti-inflammatory cytokines augment neurite outgrowth leaving NPC proliferation unaffected. We also studied how microglia influence neurite development and differentiation of hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells differentiated from NPCs. We found that proinflammatory stimulated microglia inhibit axonal development but facilitate dendrite generation in these differentiating neurons. Our results elucidate a fine-tuned modulatory effect of microglial cells on cell types crucial for neural regeneration, opening perspectives for novel regenerative therapeutic interventions.
From Paper to web: Students as partners for virtual laboratories in (Bio)chemical engineering education
Authors: Caño de las Heras Simoneta , Gargalo Carina L. , Caccavale Fiammetta , Kensington-Miller Barbara , Gernaey Krist V. , Baroutian Saeid , Krühne Ulrich
Published: October 2022

The integration of online platforms in (bio)chemical engineering education has increasingly become a matter of fact at all educational levels. Examples such as virtual laboratories in tertiary education have shown their benefits, such as the decreased cost and resources needed as well as providing a safer environment for practical experimentation. However, students or stakeholders are not usually involved in developing the virtual laboratory, even if, when given the opportunity, they can provide valuable feedback for improvement and acquire ownership over the platform. Hence, when proposing a novel educational process virtual laboratory that targets teaching bioprocess modeling to undergraduate students, the best approach is to involve the students in the development as its future users. To this end, in this work, four co-participatory design experiences are presented that show the journey from a paper prototype to an online educational virtual laboratory (www.biovl.com). Qualitative and quantitative data have been collected in two different universities through surveys, semi-structured interviews, and informal conversations among the students and the developer. The students’ perspectives were found to provide valuable feedback about the platform’s content, usability, and functionality. For example, interest in adding bioprocess-related coding activities, or suggesting to change the platform name, were opinions collected and carefully considered. These suggestions can be easily integrated since the software is at the early stages of the virtual laboratory prototype. Although the usability and functionality features of the platform are under continuous advancement, this work’s findings show that the students are interested in contributing to the virtual laboratory’s development. Therefore, it opens the door to modifications and improvements, which are strongly based on the users’/students’ perceptions and perspectives as the virtual laboratory’s co-designers. Although the primary target of the BioVL prototype is to teach bioprocessing modelling, several advanced tools such as virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) are being considered to be included at a future stage. Furthermore, the educational strategy proposed in this work can be replicated by those who want to develop other virtual laboratories.
Research progress of EMOFs-based burning rate catalysts for solid propellants
Authors: Tan Bojun , Yang Xiong , Dou Jinkang , Duan Binghui , Lu Xianming , Liu Ning
Published: October 2022

Energetic Metal Organic Frameworks (EMOFs) have been a hotspot of research on solid propellants in recent years. In this paper, research on the application of EMOFs-based burning rate catalysts in solid propellants was reviewed and the development trend of these catalysts was explored. The catalysts analyzed included monometallic organic frameworks-based energetic burning rate catalysts, bimetallic multifunctional energetic burning rate catalysts, carbon-supported EMOFs burning rate catalysts, and catalysts that can be used in conjunction with EMOFs. The review suggest that monometallic organic frameworks-based burning rate catalysts have relatively simple catalytic effects, and adding metal salts can improve their catalytic effect. Bimetallic multifunctional energetic burning rate catalysts have excellent catalytic performance and the potential for broad application. The investigation of carbon-supported EMOFs burning rate catalysts is still at a preliminary stage, but their preparation and application have become a research focus in the burning rate catalyst field. The application of catalysts that can be compounded with EMOFs should be promoted. Finally, environmental protection, high energy and low sensitivity, nanometerization, multifunctional compounding and solvent-free are proposed as key directions of future research. This study aims to provide a reference for the application of energetic organic burning rate catalysts in solid propellants.
Regulation of T cell repertoires by commensal microbiota
Authors: Kim Kwang Soon
Published: October 2022

The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the host immune systems. It is well established that various commensal microbial species can induce the differentiation of CD4+ T helper subsets such as Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells in antigen-dependent manner. The ability of certain microbial species to induce either Treg cells or Th17 cells is often linked to the altered susceptibility to certain immune disorders that are provoked by aberrant T cell response against self-antigens. These findings raise an important question as to how gut microbiota can regulate T cell repertoire and the activation of autoreactive T cells. This review will highlight microbiota-dependent regulation of thymic T cell development, maintenance of T cell repertoire in the secondary lymphoid tissues and the intestine, and microbiota-mediated modulation of autoreactive and tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in autoimmune diseases and tumors, respectively.
Small-molecule compound SYG-180-2-2 attenuates Staphylococcus aureus virulence by inhibiting hemolysin and staphyloxanthin production
Authors: Rao Lulin , Xu Yanlei , Shen Li , Wang Xinyi , Zhao Huilin , Wang Bingjie , Zhang Jiao , Xiao Yanghua , Guo Yinjuan , Sheng Yaoguang , Cheng Lixia , Song Zengqiang , Yu Fangyou
Published: October 2022

Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is still a serious threat to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antibacterial agents based on virulence factor therapy to overcome drug resistance. Previously, we synthesized SYG-180-2-2 (C21H16N2OSe), an effective small molecule compound against biofilm. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-virulence efficacy of SYG-180-2-2 against Staphylococcus aureus. MIC results demonstrated no apparent antibacterial activity of the SYG-180-2-2. The growth curve assay showed that SYG-180-2-2 had nonlethal effect on S. aureus. Besides, SYG-180-2-2 strongly inhibited the hemolytic activity and staphyloxanthin synthesis in S. aureus. Inhibition of staphyloxanthin by SYG-180-2-2 enhanced the sensitivity of S. aureus to oxidants and human whole blood. In addition, SYG-180-2-2 significantly decreased the expression of saeR-mediated hemolytic gene hlb and staphyloxanthin-related crtM, crtN and sigB genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Meanwhile, the expression of oxidative stress-related genes sodA, sodM and katA also decreased. Galleria Mellonella assay revealed that SYG-180-2-2 was not toxic to larvae. Further, the larvae infection model showed that the virulence of bacteria was significantly reduced after 4 μg/mL SYG-180-2-2 treatment. SYG-180-2-2 also reduced skin abscess formation in mice by reducing bacterial burden and subcutaneous inflammation. In conclusion, SYG-180-2-2 might be a promising agent to attenuate the virulence of S. aureus by targeting genes associated with hemolytic activity and staphyloxanthin synthesis.
An overview of disaster risk reduction and anticipatory action in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Towrin , Tahsin Khandker Tarin , Rousseau Rozario Savio , Kamal Adiba Binte , Khan Mizan R. , Huq Saleemul , Bodrud-Doza Md.
Published: October 2022

Climate change has and will continue to increase the intensity and frequency of extreme climate events. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change owing to its low elevation, dominance of floodplains, its high population density and its low economic, infrastructural and technological capacity. Despite the vulnerability, Bangladesh has managed to reduce the adversity of the extreme events over the years. This study assesses the effectiveness of the country's governance structure, implications of national policies, legal framework, involvement of local government, and non-government organizations in developing an efficient disaster risk reduction and anticipatory action system in Bangladesh. Through an extensive and systematic literature review the study reveals that the country has become a role model through its disaster management journey by successfully developing an efficient disaster management system from a reactive approach focused on relief rehabilitation to a proactive approach that includes hazard identification, improvement of community preparedness, reducing vulnerabilities, integrated response and recovery efforts. Also, the recent data shows that the loss of human life due to climatic extreme events is significantly reduced due to improved early warning and forecasting systems, effective use of local governance structure, active involvement of community-based organizations, risk informed and evidence-based policy formulation and effective implementation of the policies and strategies. Despite the success, the country is yet to secure livelihood and properties of vulnerable communities from disaster-induced loss and damage. Besides, there are adaptation failures which also need to be addressed through the lessons from the past. The article also discusses the disaster risk reduction and anticipatory action system requiring further strengthening, focusing mainly on building a climate risk resilient system by incorporating locally-led approach.
How did the deer cross the fence: An evaluation of wildlife-friendlier fence modifications to facilitate deer movement
Authors: MacDonald Amanda M. , Jones Paul F. , Hanlon Jason A. , Martin Brian H. , Jakes Andrew F.
Published: October 2022

Fences are a common feature throughout the landscape of North America’s Great Plains region. Knowledge surrounding the harmful implication that fences have on the movement of wildlife, specifically ungulates, is expanding. Across the region, it is accepted that there is a need to mitigate the impacts of barbed wire fencing and that “wildlife-friendlier” fence designs are emerging as a practical tool to meet these goals. Here we evaluate the response of sympatric deer species to the implementation of two fence modifications, fastening the top two wires together using clips and the installation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe to encompass the top two wires. We also aim to determine the optimal top wire height to allow for successful crossing by deer, with the goal to provide a more robust understanding of effective wildlife-friendlier fence standards. We used remote trail cameras to capture crossing events and recorded responses for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Using generalized linear mixed modelling, we tested the influence modifications had on crossing success and decisions prior to and after the modifications were installed compared to control sites. We found that these modifications had little impact on deer crossing behavior. We determined that wire height had the greatest impact on the permeability of fences, but that deer permeability was strongly influenced by species and sex. We found that the current maximum recommended top wire height of 102 cm (40 inches) is adequate to allow individuals of both deer species to cross over the fence, with the exception of female mule deer. Our results also indicate as the top wire height reaches 110 cm (43 inches) or higher, that the probability of successfully jumping over the fence dramatically drops off, with the exception for male mule deer. We recommend the installation of clips as a cost-effective method to lower top wire height and PVC pipe to improve fence visibility and potentially reduce entanglement events, all while effectively keeping livestock in intended pastures.
The real-time remote testing and programming of cardiac implantable electronic devices: A case series report
Authors: Long Yu , Xiong Shiqiang , Tong Lin , Li Jin , Luo Yan , Huang Wenchao , Zhang Zhen , Liu Hanxiong , Cai Lin
Published: October 2022

Minimizing the number of personnel in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) and the times of CCL door openings contribute to reduce the infection risk of medical staff and patients, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The usage of 5G-CTP system enables device specialists to conduct remote parameter testing and programming without entering the CCL, potentially reducing the exposure risk of medical staff and patients to COVID-19 infection.
Prediction Model Risk-of-Bias Assessment Tool for coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Huang Hongbiao , Dong Jinfeng , Wang Shuhui , Shen Yueping , Zheng Yiming , Jiang Jiaqi , Zeng Bihe , Li Xuan , Yang Fang , Ma Shurong , He Ying , Lin Fan , Chen Chunqiang , Chen Qiaobin , Lv Haitao
Published: October 2022

Objective

To review and critically appraise articles on prediction models for coronary artery lesions (CALs) in Kawasaki disease included in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 1980, to December 23, 2021.

Materials and methods

Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, with a statistics expert resolving discrepancies. Articles that developed or validated a prediction model for CALs in Kawasaki disease were included. The Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies checklist was used to extract data from different articles, and Prediction Model Risk-of-Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the bias risk in different prediction models. We screened 19 studies from a pool of 881 articles.

Results

The studies included 73–5,151 patients. In most studies, univariable logistic regression was used to develop prediction models. In two studies, external data were used to validate the developing model. The most commonly included predictors were C-reactive protein (CRP) level, male sex, and fever duration. All studies had a high bias risk, mostly because of small sample size, improper handling of missing data, and inappropriate descriptions of model performance and the evaluation model.

Conclusion

The prediction models were suitable for the subjects included in the studies, but were poorly effective in other populations. The phenomenon may partly be due to the bias risk in prediction models. Future models should address these problems and PROBAST should be used to guide study design.
Counter pressure maneuvers for syncope prevention: A semi-systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Erin Lori , Khan Farhaan Muhammad , Claydon Victoria Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Physical counter pressure maneuvers (CPM) are movements that are recommended to delay or prevent syncope (fainting) by recruiting the skeletal muscle pump to augment cardiovascular control. However, these recommendations are largely based on theoretical benefit, with limited data evaluating the efficacy of CPM to prevent syncope in the real-world setting. We conducted a semi-systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess CPM efficacy, identify literature gaps, and highlight future research needs. Articles were identified through a literature search (PubMed, April 2022) of peer-reviewed publications evaluating the use of counter pressure or other lower body maneuvers to prevent syncope. Two team members independently screened records for inclusion and extracted data. From 476 unique records identified by the search, 45 met inclusion criteria. Articles considered various syncopal conditions (vasovagal = 12, orthostatic hypotension = 8, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome = 1, familial dysautonomia = 2, spinal cord injury = 1, blood donation = 10, healthy controls = 11). Maneuvers assessed included hand gripping, leg fidgeting, stepping, tiptoeing, marching, calf raises, postural sway, tensing (upper, lower, whole body), leg crossing, squatting, “crash” position, and bending foreword. CPM were assessed in laboratory-based studies (N = 28), the community setting (N = 4), both laboratory and community settings (N = 3), and during blood donation (N = 10). CPM improved standing systolic blood pressure (+ 14.8 ± 0.6 mmHg, p < 0.001) and heart rate (+ 1.4 ± 0.5 bpm, p = 0.006), however, responses of total peripheral resistance, stroke volume, or cerebral blood flow were not widely documented. Most patients experienced symptom improvement following CPM use (laboratory: 60 ± 4%, community: 72 ± 9%). The most prominent barrier to employing CPM in daily living was the inability to recognize an impending faint. Patterns of postural sway may also recruit the skeletal muscle pump to enhance cardiovascular control, and its potential as a discrete, proactive CPM needs further evaluation. Physical CPM were successful in improving syncopal symptoms and producing cardiovascular responses that may bolster against syncope; however, practical limitations may restrict applicability for use in daily living.
Effect of stimulated platelets in COVID-19 thrombosis: Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Jankauskaite Lina , Malinauskas Mantas , Snipaitiene Ausra
Published: October 2022

Since early 2020, SARS-CoV-2-induced infection resulted in global pandemics with high morbidity, especially in the adult population. COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic condition associated with subsequent multiorgan failure and lethal outcomes. The exact mechanism of the prothrombotic state is not well understood and might be multifactorial. Nevertheless, platelets are attributed to play a crucial role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis. To date, platelets' role was defined primarily in thrombosis and homeostasis. Currently, more focus has been set on their part in inflammation and immunity. Moreover, their ability to release various soluble factors under activation as well as internalize and degrade specific pathogens has been highly addressed in viral research. This review article will discuss platelet role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis and their role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Multiple studies confirmed that platelets display a hyperactivated phenotype in COVID-19 patients. Critically ill patients demonstrate increased platelet activation markers such as P-selectin, PF4, or serotonin. In addition, platelets contain acetylcholine and express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR). Thus, acetylcholine can be released under activation, and α7nAchR can be stimulated in an autocrine manner and support platelet function. α7 receptor is one of the most important mediators of the anti-inflammatory properties as it is associated with humoral and intrinsic immunity and was demonstrated to contribute to better outcomes in COVID-19 patients when under stimulation. Hematopoietic α7nAchR deficiency increases platelet activation and, in experimental studies, α7nAchR stimulation can diminish the pro-inflammatory state and modulate platelet reactiveness via increased levels of NO. NO has been described to inhibit platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. In addition, acetylcholine has been demonstrated to decrease platelet aggregation possibly by blocking the e p-38 pathway. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been found to be similar to neurotoxins which can bind to nAChR and prevent the action of acetylcholine. Concluding, the platelet role in COVID-19 thrombotic events could be explained by their active function in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
Lactate level and lactate clearance for acute kidney injury prediction among patients admitted with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Xi , He Yanlei , Hu Long , Zhu Qianli , Lin Qingcheng , Hong Xia , Huang Weijian , Shan Peiren , Liang Dongjie
Published: October 2022

Background

Hyperlactatemia is a prognostic marker among patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the predictive value of lactate and the dynamic change associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients with STEMI, remain poorly understood. We aimed to compare single lactate values at admission (Lacadm) and 12 h after admission (Lac12h) with lactate clearance (LC) 12 h after admission for AKI prediction in patients with STEMI.

Methods

A total of 1,784 patients with STEMI were included. The study endpoint was AKI occurrence during hospitalization. The predictive value of lactate levels measured at admission and 12 h after admission and LC for AKI prediction was determined using multivariate logistic regression analyses and compared with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Overall, AKI was observed in 353 (19.8%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, Lacadm ≥ 4.3 mmol/L (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.01–2.30), Lac12h ≥ 2.1 mmol/L (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.36–2.42), and LC ≥ −7.5% (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.30–0.53) were the independent predictive factors for AKI after adjusting for confounders. ROC curve analysis results revealed that Lac12h (0.639; 95% CI: 0.616–0.661) exhibited a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) than those of Lacadm (0.551; 95% CI: 0.527–0.574) and LC (0.593; 95% CI: 0.570–0.616) in the prediction of AKI. LC (△AUC = 0.037, p < 0.001) and Lac12h (△AUC = 0.017, p = 0.029) enhanced the discrimination capacity of Mehran Risk Score (MRS) for AKI among patients undergoing emergency coronary angiography.

Conclusion

Lac12h is more effective for AKI prediction among patients with STEMI than Lacadm and LC. Furthermore, Lac12h and LC enhance the prediction capacity of MRS for AKI among patients after emergency coronary angiography.