bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of matrix training to teach college students piano notes and rhythms
Authors: Langton Emily K. , Miguel Caio F. , Diaz Jocelyn E. , Cordeiro Maria Clara , Heinicke Megan R.
Published: June 2020

Twelve college students learned to tact the names of notes and rhythms and play them when presented with compound stimuli (visuals of notes and rhythms on a musical staff). In Experiment 1, we assessed generalization by presenting novel notes, rhythms, and compound stimuli not previously paired together. In the second experiment, we added a metronome that played at 60 beats per minute in all conditions for 3 out of 6 participants to ensure consistent tempo. Across both experiments, participants passed almost all posttests with the exception of tacting and playing in the presence of sound clips. Our data suggest that matrix training is an effective procedure to teach music skills to college students.
An extension of commonly used toilet‐training procedures to children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Perez Brandon C. , Bacotti Janelle K. , Peters Kerri P. , Vollmer Timothy R.
Published: June 2020

The current study evaluated a toilet‐training treatment package described by Greer et al. (2016) with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most of the current research on toilet‐training interventions for children with ASD are replications and modifications of Azrin and Foxx (1971) or (more recently) LeBlanc et al. (2005). However, these procedures are composed of components that are not included in studies with typically developing (TD) children. For example, Greer et al. evaluated the effectiveness of three typical components within a toilet‐training package, mostly with TD participants: a 30‐min sit schedule, placing participants in underwear, and differential reinforcement. The primary purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend the treatment package described by Greer et al. to children with ASD. A secondary purpose was to evaluate modifications necessary for individualized toilet training when the commonly used components were ineffective. The results of Greer et al. were replicated for 11 participants with ASD in the current study, suggesting that intensive toileting interventions (e.g., interventions requiring overcorrection, reprimands, and dense sit schedules) may only be necessary for a subset of individuals with ASD.
Imaging the invisible—Bioorthogonal Raman probes for imaging of cells and tissues
Authors: Azemtsop Matanfack Georgette , Rüger Jan , Stiebing Clara , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen
Published: May 2020

A revolutionary avenue for vibrational imaging with super‐multiplexing capability can be seen in the recent development of Raman‐active bioortogonal tags or labels. These tags and isotopic labels represent groups of chemically inert and small modifications, which can be introduced to any biomolecule of interest and then supplied to single cells or entire organisms. Recent developments in the field of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman spectroscopy in combination with targeted imaging of biomolecules within living systems are the main focus of this review. After having introduced common strategies for bioorthogonal labeling, we present applications thereof for profiling of resistance patterns in bacterial cells, investigations of pharmaceutical drug‐cell interactions in eukaryotic cells and cancer diagnosis in whole tissue samples. Ultimately, this approach proves to be a flexible and robust tool for in vivo imaging on several length scales and provides comparable information as fluorescence‐based imaging without the need of bulky fluorescent tags.
Cross‐scanning optical coherence tomography angiography for eye motion correction
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Jin , Song Byeong Joo , Choi Youngwoon , Kim Beop‐Min
Published: May 2020

We propose a cross‐scanning optical coherence tomography (CS‐OCT) system to correct eye motion artifacts in OCT angiography images. This system employs a dual‐illumination configuration with two orthogonally polarized beams, each of which simultaneously perform raster scanning in perpendicular direction with each other over the same area. In the reference arm, a polarization delay unit is used to acquire the two orthogonally polarized interferograms with a single photo detector by introducing different optical delay lines. The two cross‐scanned volume data are affected by the same eye motion but in two orthogonal directions. We developed a motion correction algorithm, which removes artifacts in the slow axis of each angiogram using the other and merges them through a nonrigid registration algorithm. In this manner, we obtained a motion‐corrected angiogram within a single volume scanning time without additional eye‐tracking devices.
Novel degradation flow‐through chamber for in vitro biomaterial characterization
Authors: Kruppke Benjamin , Weiß Jonas , Rößler Sina , Heinemann Christiane , Hanke Thomas
Published: May 2020

The characterization of degradation of biodegradable materials for tissue regeneration is classically carried out in three steps: in vitro degradation analysis, in vitro cell culture, and in vivo animal experiments. Each step involves an increasing complexity and should serve a more sophisticated material selection, which serves as an orientation to clinical studies and the final application in patients. Recently, the usefulness of degradation analyses is being discussed. In this context, the aim of this work is to increase the importance of in vitro degradation analysis by using flowing media to move closer to the in vivo situation. In the long term, this should lead to a more sensitive biomaterial characterization as well as to a replacement of time‐consuming static or quasi‐dynamic incubation experiments. The practicability of the novel chamber is demonstrated in context of a degradation study of silica/collagen/calcium phosphate composites in flowing media with physiological (2.4 mM) and lowered (0.5 mM) calcium ion concentrations. This is done by comparison with static and quasi‐dynamic incubation experiments. In order to keep all media regimes comparable to each other, for the dynamic experiment, a flow rate was chosen equivalent to the medium exchange in quasi‐dynamic incubation. Under flow‐through conditions, there is a clearly decreased tendency to lower the calcium concentration, so that a concentration close to the physiological initial situation can be continuously maintained.
A four‐long noncoding RNA signature predicts survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Jiang Haitao , Zhao Lianhe , Chen Yunjie , Sun Liang
Published: May 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common neoplasm located in the liver. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are correlated with the survival of HCC patients. This study focuses on finding a lncRNA signature to predict the prognostic risk of HCC patients.

Methods

Statistical and machine learning analyses were conducted to analyze the lncRNA expression data and corresponding clinical data of 180 HCC patients collected from the public online Tanric and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases.

Results

From the training dataset, we obtained the four‐lncRNA model comprising RP11‐495K9.6, RP11‐96O20.2, RP11‐359K18.3, and LINC00556 which can divide HCC patients into two different groups with significantly different prognosis (n = 90, median 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50‐4.91 vs 8.56 years, 95% CI: 6.96‐9.97, log‐rank test P < .001). The test dataset confirmed the prognostic ability of the signature (n = 90, median 1.95, 95% CI: 1.14‐4.08 vs 5.80 years, 95% CI: 3.11‐6.82, log‐rank test P = .007). Receiver operating characteristic curve displayed the better prediction efficiency of the four‐lncRNA signature than the tumor/node/metastasis stage. Cox analysis showed the four‐lncRNA signature was an independent predictor of HCC prognosis.

Conclusion

The four‐lncRNA signature can be used as an independent biomarker for HCC patients to predict the prognostic risk.
miR‐34a/c induce caprine endometrial epithelial cell apoptosis by regulating circ‐8073/CEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Zhang Lei , Yang Lichun , Cui Jiuzeng , Che Sicheng , Liu Yuexia , Han Jincheng , An Xiaopeng , Cao Binyun , Song Yuxuan
Published: May 2020

microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important for endometrial receptivity establishment and embryo implantation in mammals. miR‐34a and miR‐34c are highly expressed in caprine receptive endometrium (RE). Herein, the functions and mechanisms of miR‐34a/c in caprine endometrial epithelial cell (CEEC) apoptosis and RE establishment were investigated. miR‐34a/c downregulated the expression level of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) and were sponged by circRNA8073 (circ‐8073), thereby exhibiting a negative interaction in CEEC. miR‐34a/c induced CEEC apoptosis by targeting circ‐8073/CEP55 through the regulation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and phosphoitide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Positive and negative feedback loops and cross‐talk were documented between the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. miR‐34a/c regulated the levels of RE marker genes, including forkhead box M1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and osteopontin (OPN). These results suggest that miR‐34a/c not only induce CEEC apoptosis by binding to circ‐8073 and CEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but may also regulate RE establishment in dairy goats.
The proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α modulate corneal epithelial wound healing through p16Ink4a suppressing STAT3 activity
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Songmei , Dong Muchen , Li Yunqiu , Zhou Qingjun , Yang Lingling
Published: May 2020

The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) are involved in the corneal inflammatory response and wound healing following corneal injuries. However, the mechanism by which proinflammatory cytokines modulate corneal epithelial wound healing remains unclear. In this study, we found that IL‐1β or TNF‐α was transiently elevated during corneal epithelial wound healing in mice. After corneal epithelial debridement, persistent treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α restrained the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p‐STAT3) and boosted the level of cell cycle inhibitor p16Ink4a, resulting in impaired corneal epithelial repair. When p16Ink4a was deleted, the p‐STAT3 level in corneal epithelium was enhanced and corneal epithelial wound healing was clearly accelerated. In diabetic mice, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and p16Ink4a appeared a sustained and strong expression in the corneal epithelium, and p16Ink4a knockdown partially reverted the defective diabetic corneal epithelial repair. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation proved that p16Ink4a interacted with p‐STAT3 and thus possibly suppressed the STAT3 activity. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism that the proinflammatory cytokines modulate corneal epithelial wound healing via the p16Ink4a‐STAT3 signaling.
Emerging roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies in glycogen storage disease type Ia: A review
Authors: Cho Jun‐Ho , Weinstein David A. , Lee Young Mok
Published: May 2020

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD‐Ia) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency in glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α or G6PC) which plays a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate in the terminal step of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Patients with GSD‐Ia manifest life‐threatening fasting hypoglycemia along with the excessive accumulation of hepatic glycogen and triglycerides which results in hepatomegaly and a risk of long‐term complications such as hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma (HCA/HCC). The etiology of HCA/HCC development in GSD‐Ia, however, is unknown. Recent studies have shown that the livers in model animals of GSD‐Ia display impairment of autophagy, a cellular recycling process which is critical for energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. However, molecular mechanisms of autophagy impairment and its involvement in pathogenesis in GSD‐Ia are still under investigation. Here, we summarize the latest advances for signaling pathways implicated in hepatic autophagy impairment and the roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis in GSD‐Ia. In addition, recent evidence has illustrated that autophagy plays an important role in hepatic metabolism and liver‐directed gene therapy mediated by recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV). Therefore, we highlight the possible role of hepatic autophagy in metabolic control and rAAV‐mediated gene therapy for GSD‐Ia. In this review, we also provide potential therapeutic strategies for GSD‐Ia on the basis of molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic autophagy impairment in GSD‐Ia.
Mepitel Film is superior to Biafine cream in managing acute radiation‐induced skin reactions in head and neck cancer patients: a randomised intra‐patient controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yan Jing , Yuan Ling , Wang Juan , Li Shuangshuang , Yao Mengdi , Wang Kongcheng , Herst Patries M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

We previously showed that Mepitel Film decreased the severity of acute radiation‐induced skin reactions in head and neck cancer patients. In the current study, we compared the effect of Mepitel Film and Biafine cream on skin reaction severity in a larger cohort of head and neck cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 44 head and neck cancer patients were recruited with 39 patients contributing full data sets for analysis. Patients received a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the bilateral lymph nodes in the neck. Left and right lymph node areas were randomised to either Mepitel Film or Biafine cream, applied prophylactically. Skin reaction severity was measured using Radiation‐Induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS) and expanded Radiation Oncology group (RTOG) grades. Skin dose was measured using gafchromic Film.

Results

Skin reaction severity (combined RISRAS score) underneath Mepitel Film was decreased by 30% (P < 0.001) and moist desquamation rates by 41% (P < 0.001). Skin dose underneath Mepitel Film and Biafine cream was similar (P = 0.925) and unlikely to have affected skin reaction severity. The vast majority (80%) of patients preferred Mepitel Film over Biafine cream. Negative aspects of Mepitel Film included poor adherence (11/39) and discomfort (16/39) during hot weather and showering and itchy skin underneath Mepitel Film (12/39).

Conclusions

Mepitel Film was superior to Biafine cream in reducing the severity of acute radiation‐induced skin reactions and moist desquamation incidence in our head and neck patient cohort.
Transcriptional activity of vitamin D receptor in human periodontal ligament cells is diminished under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Blufstein Alice , Behm Christian , Kubin Barbara , Gahn Johannes , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh
Published: May 2020

Background

Although vitamin D3 deficiency is considered as a risk factor for periodontitis, supplementation during periodontal treatment has not been shown to be beneficial to date. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are regulated by vitamin D3 and play a fundamental role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and inflammatory response in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to investigate possible alterations of the vitamin D3 activity in hPDLCs under inflammatory conditions.

Methods

Cells isolated from six different donors were treated with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (0 to 10 nM) or 25(OH)D3 (0 to 100 nM) in the presence and absence of ultrapure or standard Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS), Pam3CSK4, or interferon‐γ for 48 hours. Additionally, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibition was performed with BAY 11‐7082. The bioactivity of vitamin D in hPDLCs was assessed based on the gene expression levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐regulated genes osteocalcin and osteopontin. Additionally, VDR and CYP27B1 expression levels were measured.

Results

The vitamin D3‐induced increase of osteocalcin and osteopontin expression was significantly decreased in the presence of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4, which was not observed by ultrapure PgLPS. Interferon‐y had diverse effects on the response of hPDLCs to vitamin D3 metabolites. NF‐kB inhibition abolished the effects of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4. Standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4 increased VDR expression in the presence of vitamin D3. CYP27B1 expression was not affected by vitamin D3 and inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions

This study indicates that the transcriptional activity of VDR is diminished under inflammatory conditions, which might mitigate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation during periodontal treatment.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil aggregation in a no‐tillage system with crop rotation
Authors: Moitinho Mara Regina , Fernandes Carolina , Truber Priscila Viviane , Marcelo Adolfo Valente , Corá José Eduardo , da Silva Bicalho Elton
Published: June 2020

Crop rotation adoption in no‐tillage systems (NTS) has been recommended to increase the biological activity and soil aggregation, suppress soil and plant pathogens, and increase the productivity aiming at the sustainability of agricultural areas. In this context, this study aimed to assess the effect of crop rotation on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community and soil aggregation in a soil cultivated for nine years under NTS. Treatments consisted of combinations of three summer crop sequences and seven winter crops. Summer crop sequences consisted of corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture, soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) monoculture, and soybean–corn rotation. Winter crops consisted of corn, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–0.10 m for analyses of soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes. Spore abundance, total glomalin, and soil aggregate stability index were higher in the soil under corn monoculture. The highest values of aggregate mean weight diameter were observed in the soybean–corn rotation (3.78 mm) and corn monoculture (3.70 mm), both differing from soybean monoculture (3.15 mm), while winter crops showed significant differences only between sorghum (3.96 mm) and pigeon pea (3.25 mm). Two processes were identified in the soil under summer crop sequences. The first process was observed in PC1 (spore abundance, total glomalin, easily extractable glomalin, pH, P, and Mg2+) and was related to AMF; the second process occurred in PC2 (aggregate mean weight diameter, soil aggregate stability index, K+, and organic matter) and was related to soil aggregation. The nine‐year no‐tillage system under the same crop rotation adoption influenced AMF abundance in the soil, especially with corn cultivation in the summer crop sequence, which promoted an increased total external mycelium length and number of spores of AMF. In addition, it favored an increased soil organic matter content, which is directly related to the formation and stability of soil aggregates in these managements.
Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy
Authors: Simonato Barbara , Marangon Matteo , Vincenzi Simone , Vegro Mara , Pasini Gabriella
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so‐called ‘green revolution’ theory.

RESULTS

In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars (‘Belfiore’, ‘Pomella Genovese’, ‘Gravenstein’, ‘Bella del Bosco’, and ‘Piatlin’) were compared with a ‘Golden Delicious’ commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non‐specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. ‘Bella del Bosco’ had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas ‘Piatlin’ had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than ‘Golden Delicious’. Immunoblotting techniques showed that ‘Bella del Bosco’ and ‘Piatlin’ had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars.

CONCLUSIONS

The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple‐based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of Wait‐List Mortality Between Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Hickman Laura A. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Izzy Manhal , Montenovo Martin I. , Rega Scott A. , Feurer Irene D. , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P.
Published: May 2020

Despite the divergent disease biology of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), wait‐list prioritization is identical for both diagnoses. We compared wait‐list and posttransplant outcomes between CCA and HCC liver transplantation patients with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease exceptions using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data. The 408 CCA candidates listed between 2003 and mid‐2017 were matched to 2 HCC cohorts by listing date (±2 months, n = 816) and by Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) region and date (±6 months, n = 408). Cumulative incidence competing risk regression examined the effects of diagnosis, OPTN region, and center‐level CCA listing volume on wait‐list removal due to death/being too ill (dropout). Cox models evaluated the effects of diagnosis, OPTN region, center‐level CCA volume, and waiting time on graft failure among deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) recipients. After adjusting for OPTN region and CCA listing volume (all P ≥ 0.07), both HCC cohorts had a reduced likelihood of wait‐list dropout compared with CCA candidates (HCC with period matching only: subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43‐0.93; P = 0.02 and HCC with OPTN region and period matching: SHR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.87; P = 0.007). The cumulative incidence rates of wait‐list dropout at 6 and 12 months were 13.2% (95% CI, 10.0%‐17.0%) and 23.9% (95% CI, 20.0%‐29.0%) for CCA candidates, 7.3% (95% CI, 5.0%‐10.0%) and 12.7% (95% CI, 10.0%‐17.0%) for HCC candidates with region and listing date matching, and 7.1% (95% CI, 5.0%‐9.0%) and 12.6% (95% CI, 10.0%‐15.0%) for HCC candidates with listing date matching only. Additionally, HCC DDLT recipients had a 57% reduced risk of graft failure compared with CCA recipients (P < 0.001). Waiting time was unrelated to graft failure (P = 0.57), and there was no waiting time by diagnosis cohort interaction effect (P = 0.47). When identically prioritized, LT candidates with CCA have increased wait‐list dropout compared with those with HCC. More granular data are necessary to discern ways to mitigate this wait‐list disadvantage and improve survival for patients with CCA.
The nature of the copper sulfide film grown on copper in aqueous sulfide and chloride solutions
Authors: Guo Mengnan , Chen Jian , Martino Taylor , Lilja Christina , Johansson Johannes A. , Behazin Mehran , Binns Wilfred J. , Keech Peter G. , Noël James J. , Shoesmith David W.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the properties of copper sulfide films formed both anodically and naturally in deaerated/anoxic aqueous sulfide and chloride solutions were investigated using a series of electrochemical and surface analytical techniques. A combination of cyclic voltammetric, corrosion potential (Ecorr), and cathodic stripping voltammetric experiments showed that the sulfide film growth kinetics and film morphologies were controlled by the supply of SH− from the bulk solution to the copper surface. There was no passive barrier layer observed on the copper surface under either electrochemical or corrosion conditions. The film morphology was dependent on the type and concentration of anions (SH−, Cl−) present in the solution. Scanning electron microscopy on both surfaces and focused ion beam‐cut cross‐sections showed the growth of a thin, but porous, base layer of chalcocite (Cu2S) after short immersion periods (up to 2 hr) and the continuous growth of a much thicker crystalline outer deposit over longer immersion periods (≥36 hr), suggesting a solution species transport‐based film formation process and the formation of an ineffective thin “barrier‐type” layer on copper.
The role of FOXOs and autophagy in cancer and metastasis—Implications in therapeutic development
Authors: Farhan Mohd , Silva Marta , Li Shuai , Yan Fengxia , Fang Jiankang , Peng Tangming , Hu Jim , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Little Peter , Zheng Wenhua
Published: May 2020

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation process that plays a crucial role in cell survival and stress reactions as well as in cancer development and metastasis. Autophagy process involves several steps including sequestration, fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and degradation. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate the expression of genes involved in cellular metabolic activity and signaling pathways of cancer growth and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that FOXO proteins are also involved in autophagy regulation. The relationship among FOXOs, autophagy, and cancer has been drawing attention of many who work in the field. This study summarizes the role of FOXO proteins and autophagy in cancer growth and metastasis and analyzes their potential roles in cancer disease management.
A 2D kernel determination problem in a visco‐elastic porous medium with a weakly horizontally inhomogeneity
Authors: Durdiev Durdimurod Kalandarovich , Rahmonov Askar Ahmadovich
Published: May 2020

We consider a system of hyperbolic integro‐differential equations of SH waves in a visco‐elastic porous medium. In this work, it is assumed that the visco‐elastic porous medium has weakly horizontally inhomogeneity. The direct problem is the initial‐boundary problem: the initial data is equal to zero, and the Neumann‐type boundary condition is specified at the half‐plane boundary and is an impulse function. As additional information, the oscillation mode of the half‐plane line is given. It is assumed that the unknown kernel has the form K(x,t)=K0(t)+ϵxK1(t)+…, where ϵ is a small parameter. In this work, we construct a method for finding K0,K1 up to a correction of the order of O(ϵ2).
Community detection‐based deep neural network architectures: A fully automated framework based on Likert‐scale data
Authors: Pérez‐Benito Francisco Javier , García‐Gómez Juan Miguel , Navarro‐Pardo Esperanza , Conejero J. Alberto
Published: May 2020

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a state‐of‐the‐art tool in very different research fields due to its adaptive power to the decision space since they do not presuppose any linear relationship between data. Some of the main disadvantages of these trending models are that the choice of the network underlying architecture profoundly influences the performance of the model and that the architecture design requires prior knowledge of the field of study. The use of questionnaires is hugely extended in social/behavioral sciences. The main contribution of this work is to automate the process of a DNN architecture design by using an agglomerative hierarchical algorithm that mimics the conceptual structure of such surveys. Although the train had regression purposes, it is easily convertible to deal with classification tasks. Our proposed methodology will be tested with a database containing socio‐demographic data and the responses to five psychometric Likert scales related to the prediction of happiness. These scales have been already used to design a DNN architecture based on the subdimension of the scales. We show that our new network configurations outperform the previous existing DNN architectures.
On the (N+1)‐dimensional local fractional reduced differential transform method and its applications
Authors: Liu Jian‐Gen , Yang Xiao‐Jun , Feng Yi‐Ying , Cui Ping
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we generalize the (N+1)‐dimensional local fractional reduced differential transform method (LFRDTM) within the local fractional derivative sense. First, we show some new properties, lemmas, theorems and corollariesfor the (N+1)‐dimensional LFRDTM. Second, these new properties, lemmas and theorems can be proved immediately after. Thirdly, we used two examples to state that this approach is efficient and simple to find numerical solutions to higher dimensional local fractional partial differential equations. Finally, we can be seen that this work can be looked as an extension of the prior work.
Punicalagin Activates AMPK/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 Cascade in Mice: The Potential Protective Effect against Prenatal Stress
Authors: Cao Ke , Lv Weiqiang , Hu Shaoqin , Gao Jing , Liu Jiankang , Feng Zhihui
Published: May 2020

Scope

Prenatal stress is closely associated with poor health outcomes for offspring, yet the specific mechanisms and effective interventions remain limited.

Methods and Results

In the present study, both male and female rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress (PRS) are confirmed to have impaired spatial learning and memory, accompanied by reduced AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and decreased protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant pathways in the hippocampus. Interestingly, a deficiency in the AMPK cascade also occurs in liver, heart, and adipose tissues, suggesting that the systemic deactivation of AMPK in the offspring is potentially attributed to increased maternal glucocorticoid levels under PRS. Punicalagin (PU), a major ellagitannin in pomegranate, is found to effectively induce mitochondrial biogenesis and phase II enzymes through activation of AMPK in both HT22 and primary hippocampal neurons, thereby inhibiting glutamate‐induced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Meanwhile, the activation of AMPK cascade is also confirmed in mice administrated with PU for three days.

Conclusions

Altogether, these results indicate that the systemic deficiency of the AMPK cascade can be the key factor that contributes to poor outcomes of PRS, and PU may be used as an effective maternal nutritional intervention.
Diurnal Regulation of Peripheral Glucose Metabolism: Potential Effects of Exercise Timing
Authors: Mancilla Rodrigo , Krook Anna , Schrauwen Patrick , Hesselink Matthijs K. C.
Published: May 2020

Diurnal oscillations in energy metabolism are linked to the activity of biological clocks and contribute to whole‐body glucose homeostasis. Postprandially, skeletal muscle takes up approximately 80% of circulatory glucose and hence is a key organ in maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of molecular clock components in skeletal muscle disrupts whole‐body glucose homeostasis. Next to light‐dark cycles, nonphotic cues such as nutrient intake and physical activity are also potent cues to (re)set (dys)regulated clocks. Physical exercise is one of the most potent ways to improve myocellular insulin sensitivity. Given the role of the biological clock in glucose homeostasis and the power of exercise to improve insulin sensitivity, one can hypothesize that there might be an optimal time for exercise to maximally improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information related to the interaction of diurnal rhythm, glucose homeostasis, and physical exercise as a nonphotic cue to correct dysregulation of human glucose metabolism.
The Weight Optimization Revamping Lifestyle using the Dietary Guidelines (WORLD) Study: Sustained Weight Loss Over 12 Months
Authors: Psota Tricia L. , Tindall Alyssa M. , Lohse Barbara , Miller Paige E. , Petersen Kristina S. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M.
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study aimed to compare two energy‐restricted, nutrient‐dense diets at the upper or lower ends of the dietary fat recommendation range (lower fat [20% energy from fat] versus moderate fat [35%]) on weight loss using behavioral theory–based nutrition education.

Methods

A total of 101 premenopausal women with overweight or obesity were randomized to an energy‐restricted lower‐fat or moderate‐fat diet for 1 year. Interventions included 28 behavioral theory–based nutrition education sessions plus weekly exercise sessions.

Results

Both treatment groups experienced weight loss (−5.0 kg for lower fat and −4.3 kg for moderate fat; P < 0.0001), but there was no difference in weight loss or fat intake between groups. Total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (−3. 4 mg/dL and −3.8 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (1.9 mg/dL; P < 0.05) in both groups at 12 months. Diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, increased significantly at 4 months versus baseline (70.8 [0.9] vs. 77.8 [1.0]) and was maintained through 12 months. Higher Healthy Eating Index scores were associated with greater weight loss at 4 months (r = −0.2; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In the context of a well‐resourced, free‐living weight‐loss intervention, total fat intake did not change; however, theory‐based nutrition education underpinned by food‐based recommendations resulted in caloric deficits, improvements in diet quality, and weight loss that was sustained for 1 year.
After‐Effects of Time‐Restricted Feeding on Whole‐Body Metabolism and Gene Expression in Four Different Peripheral Tissues
Authors: de Goede Paul , Hellings Tom P. , Coopmans Tom V. , Ritsema Wayne I. G. R. , Kalsbeek Andries
Published: May 2020

Objective

Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. As modern societies increasingly require shift work, it seems crucial to determine whether there are long‐lasting health effects of rotational shifts.

Methods

This study examined the after‐effects of 4 weeks of time‐restricted feeding (TRF) during the light period (= light‐fed) in rats, an animal model for shift work. This study also included a TRF‐dark (= dark‐fed) control group. The aligned and misaligned feeding times of light and dark feeding are associated with poor and good health outcomes, respectively. Several physiological measures were monitored continuously; blood, liver, brown adipose tissue, and soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were collected following 11 days of ad libitum (AL) feeding after ending the TRF.

Results

In the dark‐fed animals, the day/night differences in food intake, activity, and respiratory exchange ratio were still enhanced at the end of the experiment. Light‐fed animals displayed the smallest day/night differences for these measures, as well as for body temperature. In both the light‐ and dark‐fed animals, rhythms in plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and gene expression had not fully recovered after 11 days of AL feeding. Importantly, the effects on gene expression were both tissue and gene dependent.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that rotational shift workers may have an increased risk of long‐lasting disturbed rhythms in several physiological measures after a period of shift work. Clearly, such disturbances may harm their health.
Synergistic Effect of Feeding Time and Diet on Hepatic Steatosis and Gene Expression in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Oosterman Johanneke E. , Koekkoek Laura L. , Foppen Ewout , Unmehopa Unga A. , Eggels Leslie , Verheij Joanne , Fliers Eric , la Fleur Susanne E. , Kalsbeek Andries
Published: May 2020

Objective

Eating out of phase with the endogenous biological clock alters clock and metabolic gene expression in rodents and can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet composition can also affect clock gene expression. This study assessed the combined effect of diet composition and feeding time on (1) body composition, (2) energy balance, and (3) circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were fed a chow or a free‐choice high‐fat, high‐sugar (fcHFHS) diet, either ad libitum or with food access restricted to either the light or dark period. Body weight, adiposity, and hepatic fat accumulation as well as hepatic clock and metabolic mRNA expression were measured after 5 weeks of the diet. Energy expenditure was measured using calorimetric cages.

Results

Animals with access to the fcHFHS diet only during the light period showed more hepatic fat accumulation than fcHFHS dark‐fed animals despite less calories consumed. In contrast, within the chow‐fed groups, light‐fed animals showed the lowest hepatic fat content, but they also showed the lowest caloric intake. Locomotor activity and heat production followed feeding times, except in the fcHFHS light‐fed group. Hepatic clock and metabolic gene expression rhythms also followed timing of food intake. Yet, in the fcHFHS light‐fed animals, clock gene expression appeared 3 hours advanced compared with chow light‐fed animals, an effect not observed in the fcHFHS dark‐fed animals.

Conclusions

An fcHFHS diet consumed in the light period promotes hepatic fat accumulation and advances clock gene expression in male Wistar rats, likely because of a mismatch between energy intake and expenditure.
Effect of High‐Intensity Interval Training on Visceral and Liver Fat in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taylor Jenna L. , Holland David J. , Mielke Gregore I. , Bailey Tom G. , Johnson Nathan A. , Leveritt Michael D. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Rowlands Alex V. , Coombes Jeff S. , Keating Shelley E.
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat reduction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) over 3 months and the maintenance of improvements over 12 months.

Methods

Forty‐two participants with CAD were randomized to three sessions/week of either 4 × 4‐minute high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) or 40 minutes of usual care moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) for a 4‐week supervised cardiac rehabilitation program, followed by three home‐based sessions/week for 11 months. Liver fat (as intrahepatic lipid) and VAT were measured via magnetic resonance techniques. Data are mean change (95% CI).

Results

HIIT and MICT significantly reduced VAT over 3 months (−350 [−548 to −153] cm3 vs. −456 [−634 to −278] cm3; time × group effect: P = 0.421), with further improvement over 12 months (−545 [−818 to −271] cm3 vs. −521 [−784 to −258] cm3; time × group effect: P = 0.577) and no differences between groups. Both groups improved liver fat over 3 months, with HIIT tending to show greater reduction than MICT (−2.8% [−4.0% to −1.6%] vs. −1.4% [−2.4% to −0.4%]; time × group effect: P = 0.077). After 12 months, improvements were maintained to a similar degree. Higher exercise intensity predicted liver fat reduction (β = −0.3 [−0.7 to 0.0]; P = 0.042).

Conclusions

HIIT and MICT reduced VAT over 3 and 12 months. For liver fat, HIIT tended to provide a slightly greater reduction compared with MICT. These findings support HIIT as a beneficial adjunct or alternative to MICT for reducing visceral and liver fat in patients with CAD.
Evaluation and classification of severity for 176 genes on an expanded carrier screening panel
Authors: Arjunan Aishwarya , Bellerose Holly , Torres Raul , Ben‐Shachar Rotem , Hoffman Jodi D. , Angle Brad , Slotnick Robert Nathan , Simpson Brittany N. , Lewis Andrea M. , Magoulas Pilar L. , Bontempo Kelly , Schulze Jeanine , Tarpinian Jennifer , Bucher Jessica A. , Dineen Richard , Goetsch Allison , Lazarin Gabriel A. , Johansen Taber Katherine
Published: May 2020

Background

Disease severity is important when considering genes for inclusion on reproductive expanded carrier screening (ECS) panels. We applied a validated and previously published algorithm that classifies diseases into four severity categories (mild, moderate, severe, and profound) to 176 genes screened by ECS. Disease traits defining severity categories in the algorithm were then mapped to four severity‐related ECS panel design criteria cited by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

Methods

Eight genetic counselors (GCs) and four medical geneticists (MDs) applied the severity algorithm to subsets of 176 genes. MDs and GCs then determined by group consensus how each of these disease traits mapped to ACOG severity criteria, enabling determination of the number of ACOG severity criteria met by each gene.

Results

Upon consensus GC and MD application of the severity algorithm, 68 (39%) genes were classified as profound, 71 (40%) as severe, 36 (20%) as moderate, and one (1%) as mild. After mapping of disease traits to ACOG severity criteria, 170 out of 176 genes (96.6%) were found to meet at least one of the four criteria, 129 genes (73.3%) met at least two, 73 genes (41.5%) met at least three, and 17 genes (9.7%) met all four.

Conclusion

This study classified the severity of a large set of Mendelian genes by collaborative clinical expert application of a trait‐based algorithm. Further, it operationalized difficult to interpret ACOG severity criteria via mapping of disease traits, thereby promoting consistency of ACOG criteria interpretation.
Simultaneously enhanced fracture toughness and flame‐retardant property of poly(l‐lactic acid) via reactive blending with ammonium polyphosphate andin situformed polyurethane
Authors: Ma Meng , Wang Xinpeng , Liu Kai , Chen Si , Shi Yanqin , He Huiwen , Wang Xu
Published: May 2020

The preparation of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with high mechanical and ideal flame‐retardant properties is a great challenge. Herein, a simultaneous toughness and flame‐retardant PLLA composite was successfully fabricated by using a one‐step process which introduces 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into PLLA/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blends. SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA were adopted to confirm that APP participated in thein situreaction during the melt process. The impact strength was increased to 13.5 kJ m−2from 1.0 kJ m−2for L8P2A5 composite, indicating the toughening effect of reactive blending. The cone calorimeter test, limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test results indicate that the flame‐retardant properties of the composites are enhanced with increasing APP content. This work provides a method to prepare PLLA with high mechanical properties and enhanced flame retardancy. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of thermomechanical, structural and antibacterial properties of poly(lactic acid) reinforced with graphene oxide nanoparticles via melt mixing
Authors: Athanasoulia Ioanna‐Georgia , Giachalis Konstantinos , Korres Dimitrios , Todorova Nadia , Giannakopoulou Tatiana , Tarantili Petroula A , Trapalis Christos
Published: May 2020

Addition of graphene oxide (GO) to poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) offers an alternative approach for tuning its crystallinity, improving its mechanical properties and transfusing an antibacterial behavior. GO/PLLA nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion, thus avoiding the potentially toxic, for biomedical applications, residue of organic solvents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Using differential scanning calorimetry experiments concerning the isothermal crystallization of PLLA and PLLA containing 0.4 wt% GO, a two‐dimensional disc‐like geometry of crystal growth was determined, whereas at 125 and 130 °C the nanocomposite developed three‐dimensional spherulitic growth. Higher crystallization rate constant values suggest that the incorporation of 0.4 wt% GO accelerated the crystallization of PLLA. The lowest crystallization half‐time for PLLA was observed at 115 °C, while at 110 °C GO caused its highest decrease, accompanied by the highest increase in melting enthalpy (ΔHm), as compared to that of PLLA, after completion of isothermal crystallization. Their ΔHm values increased with Tic, whereas multiple melting peaks transited to a single one with increasing Tic. GO improved the PLLA thermal stability, tensile strength and Young's modulus. Incorporation of 0.8 wt% GO endowed PLLA with another potential application as a biomaterial since the derived composite presented good thermomechanical properties and effective prohibition of Escherichia coli bacteria attachment and proliferation. This effect was more prominent under simulated sunlight exposure than in the dark. The preparation method did not compromise the intrinsic properties of GO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The importance of feasible outcome evaluations: Developing stakeholder‐informed outcomes in a randomized controlled trial for children’s respite workers receiving pain training
Authors: Genik Lara M. , McMurtry C. Meghan , Barata Paula C. , Barney Chantel C. , Lewis Stephen P.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Pain is common for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It is critical that caregivers have adequate pain assessment and management knowledge. The Let’s Talk About Pain program has shown promise to provide pain‐related knowledge and skills to respite workers; however, more systematic evaluation of the program is needed. This study aims to support Let’s Talk About Pain’s RCT development by using stakeholder input to help determine a feasible approach for collecting behaviorally based outcomes. A secondary aim is to discuss relevant considerations and implications for others in the disability field conducting similar work.

Methods/Design

Four employees in children’s respite organizations completed telephone interviews lasting approximately fifteen minutes and a questionnaire about feasible data collection approaches.

Results

The use of questionnaire and focus group methodology was determined to be the most feasible method to evaluate participants’ pain‐related approaches in practice.

Conclusions

Special consideration should be made when making methodological‐related choices during study development to help ensure study feasibility. The iterative approach described in this paper may also be helpful in clinical settings when designing program evaluations to enhance feasibility and suitability; it is particularly important for multifaceted organizations supporting individuals with complex needs including those with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
A local similarity transformed equation of motion approach for calculating excited states
Authors: Izsák Róbert
Published: May 2020

The efficient and accurate calculation of excitation energies and properties for large molecular systems remains a challenge. In this perspective, local implementation of the similarity‐transformed equation of motion‐coupled cluster method will be briefly outlined, and its current uses and future potentials will be shortly summarized. The available calculations using this new method suggest that it can be applied to a variety of large systems, for which it delivers accurate results.