bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cunoașterea
Authors: Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: May 2023

Greu de spus ce este cunoașterea. Cu cât se discută mai mult asupra acestui concept, cu atât mai multe sunt opiniile divergente. Epistemologia este teoria cunoașterii, iar una dintre întrebările caracteristice epistemologiei se referă la ce au în comun toate nenumăratele tipuri de cunoștințe pe care ni le atribuim. O distincție majoră între diferitele tipuri de cunoaștere este cunoașterea descriptivă, declarativă sau propozițională (care necesită un grad mai mare de sofisticare intelectuală din partea celui care caută cunoașterea) și cunoașterea cunoștințelor sau a abilităților.Pentru ca o descriere, declarație sau afirmație să fie cunoaștere, trebuie ca aceasta să fie o credință, să fie adevărată, și să fie justificată. O declarație de credință este o expresie a credinței în cineva sau ceva. Credința trebuie să fie adevărată pentru a fi cunoaștere. Platon, în Gorgias, susține că credința este cel mai frecvent invocat purtător de adevăr. În multe dintre dialogurile lui Platon, precum Menon și, în special, Theaitetos, Socrate consideră cunoașterea ca fiind credința adevărată explicată sau definită într-un fel. Justificarea credinței implică un motiv bun pentru a face acest lucru. Definiția cunoașterii ca o credință adevărată justificată a fost acceptată pe scară largă până în 1960, când filosoful american Edmund Gettier a provocat discuții majore pe scară largă.
Does access to citizenship confer socio-economic returns? Evidence from a randomized control design
Authors: Hainmueller Jens , Cascardi Elisa , Hotard Michael , Koslowski Rey , Lawrence Duncan , Yasenov Vasil , Laitin David
Published: May 2023

Based on observational studies, conventional wisdom suggests that citizenship carries economic benefits. We leverage a randomized experiment from New York where low-income registrants who wanted to become citizens entered a lottery to receive fee vouchers to naturalize. Voucher recipients were about 36 p.p. more likely to naturalize. Yet, we find no discernible effects of access to citizenship on several economic outcomes, including income, credit scores, access to credit, financial distress, and employment. Leveraging a multi-dimensional immigrant integration index, we similarly find no measurable effects on non-economic integration. However, we do find that citizenship reduces fears of deportation. Explaining our divergence from past studies, our results also reveal evidence of positive selection into citizenship, suggesting that observational studies of citizenship are susceptible to selection bias.
Promoting Urban Farming for Creating Sustainable Cities in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Keshav , Adhikari Ambika P.
Published: May 2023

This paper responds to the research question, “can urban farming in Nepal help create sustainable cities?” Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, urban residents have begun to realize that food transported from long distances is not always reliable. Urban farming can help produce fresh food locally and help urban residents become self-reliant by engaging in healthy eating habits and practicing sustainable agricultural techniques in food-desert areas, while creating a positive impact on the environment through regenerative agricultural methods. In doing so, urban farms can help the growers save on food expenditures and even earn some additional income, while also improving air quality and minimizing the effects of urban heat islands. This practice also helps reduce greenhouse gases through plant carbon use efficiency (CUE), as vegetation carbon dynamics (VCD) can be adjusted while supporting the circular economy. As urban lands command higher prices than agricultural land, urban farming usually happens on residential yards, roofs, balconies, community gardens, and dedicated areas in public parks. Rainwater harvesting and redirecting can help irrigate urban farms, which can be part of rain gardens. The national census of 2021 identified that 66% of Nepal’s population lives in urban areas. However, the World Bank (2018) showed that only 21 of Nepal’s population was projected to live in urban areas in 2021. It is not debatable that the urbanization process in Nepal is on the rise. Thus, urban agriculture can play an important role in supplementing residents’ food needs. Many cities in Nepal have already successfully adapted to urban farming wherein residents grow food on their building sites, balconies, and rooftop, often growing plants in pots, vases, and other types of containers. The UN-Habitat, with the support of the European Union and local agencies, published a rooftop farming training manual (2014), showing the feasibility of urban farming in Nepal. This paper discusses how public-private partnership (PPP) can promote urban agriculture and make the process more effective and attractive to urban-farming households. It also analyzes how a PPP approach also facilitates the use of better technology, advisory support, and use of research extension activities. This paper draws on a literature review, uses remote-sensing imagery data and data from National Census Nepal 2021, and the authors’ professional experiences related to best practices in the areas to analyze the benefits and challenges related to urban farming both in Nepal and Arizona, USA. The paper provides recommendations for Nepali cities to maximize the benefit provided by urban farming.
Optimalisasi Sistem Pembayaran Administrasi Kesiswaan Berbasis Website
Authors: Rahmawati Ami , Yulianti Ita
Published: May 2023

Sebagai salah satu lembaga pendidikan formal, SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kejurusan) khususnya SMK Abdi Bangsa selalu berupaya memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik bagi siswa/i khususnya dalam pelayanan administrasi kesiswaan. Namun, pada kenyataannya penyelenggaraan pelayanan yang dilakukan hampir di setiap sekolah masih dihadapkan pada pelayanan yang belum efektif dan efisien. Hal ini dikarenakan pencatatan administrasi kesiswaan pada sekolah tersebut masih dilakukan secara konvensional yang terkadang masih terjadinya kesalahan pencatatan. Oleh karena itu, reformasi dan modernisasi diperlukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk membangun sistem yang dapat menyempurnaan sistem yang sebelumnya telah ada dengan memperbaiki dari kekurangannya sehingga kebutuhan pelayanan administrasi kesiswaan dapat berjalan secara efektif dan efisien. Sistem yang dibangun yaitu berupa sistem pembayaran administrasi kesiswaan berbasis website menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Sedangkan untuk metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu ada dua metode yakni metode pengembangan perangkat lunak waterfall dan metode pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Dari hasil sistem yang dibangun menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya sistem ini dapat mengoptimalkan kinerja pelayanan administrasi karena dapat memberikan kemudahan, kecepatan dan ketepatan pencatatan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan sistem berjalan sebelumnya.
Penerapan API WhatsApp pada Sistem Pengolahan Data Tabungan Sekolah Menggunakan Model Extreme Programming
Authors: Rahmawati Ami , Yulianti Ita , Nurajizah Siti
Published: May 2023

Peranan teknologi menempati posisi yang sangat penting terhadap munculnya inovasi yang positif bagi kemajuan suatu institusi terutama lembaga pendidikan. DTA Almuta'alim merupakan suatu lembaga pendidikan yang memiliki program tabungan sekolah, dimana program ini berkaitan dengan pendidikan dan ekonomi yang dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk melatih dan mendidik para siswa agar mampu mengontrol diri dalam menggunakan uang secara bijak. Dalam prosesnya, pengolahan data tabungan pada DTA ini masih dilakukan secara konvensional sehingga semakin banyaknya data yang tersimpan menyebabkan sulitnya pencarian data dan tingkat resiko kesalahan pencatatan/perhitungan menjadi lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka diperlukan pemanfaatan teknologi dengan membangun sebuah sistem yang dapat menunjang kegiatan program ini. Pada penelitian ini, sistem yang akan dibangun dibuat berbasis web dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP MySQLi dan diterapkan melalui pendekatan model Extreme Programming yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan meliputi planning, design, coding dan testing. Selain itu, implementasi API WhatsApss pada sistem juga dilakukan dalam memunculkan fitur notifikasi otomatis untuk informasi transparasi saldo tabungan bagi orangtua/wali. Dengan dibuatnya sistem ini, diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap keberlangsungan program tabungan sekolah melalui kemudahan pengolahan data sehingga proses pengelolaannya menjadi lebih baik.
Technical and Economical Study on Increasing Oil Production in Old Wells (Traditional) by Performing Well Maintenance in the CP Field
Authors: Alfarizi Ardi , Suhascaryo Nur , Swadesi Boni
Published: May 2023

The CP field is an brown field with a production potential of 2,185 BOPD. However, the realization of CP Field production in the first semester was 1,931 BOPD (88.4% of the production target). From Low & Off data for the period from January to September 2020, it was found that the biggest problem contributing to LPO (Lost Production Opportunity) was caused by artificial lift wells and reduced production from old (traditional) wells.Several solutions can be done in order to solve the problem. Among them is by carrying out well maintenance, both those experiencing a decline in production or wells that have the potential to be activated. By implementing this, it is hoped that it will be able to maintain stability and even increase oil production and distribution through the old (traditional) well. The screening of reactivation well candidates is carried out with the technical evaluation stage and the economic evaluation stage. The engineering evaluation was carried out by analyzing the history of well production and analyzing the distribution map of the wells in the CP Field. Based on this data, 2 (two) candidate wells were obtained, namely LDK-38 and LDK-108. Then proceed with carrying out technical calculations of Rig capacity, namely by calculating Lifting Loads, Rotating Loads and Circulating Loads and continuing with the preparation of reactivation programs and economic calculations.Based on these calculations, it was found that the need for the Rig Capacity to carry out the reactivation work of the 2 (two) wells was 21 (twenty one) HP, so the Spindle Rig was chosen to do the work because the cost was more economical, which was Rp. 45,000,000, - for the work. per-well reactivation. Therefore, the total cost required for the reactivation of 2 (two) wells is Rp. 90,000,000,-. The reactivation program for the LDK-38 and LDK-108 wells resulted in additional production in the CP Field of + 21.73 BOPD or 5,932 bbl (January - September 2021). In addition, gross revenue of USD 572,000 was obtained (crude oil price of 49 USD/bbl).
Performing Childhood: Maddie Ziegler and the Presentation of Young Girls in Video Clips
Authors: Mehrbrey Sophia
Published: May 2023

Since the 1980s, the production of video clips has been on the rise. Over the past couple of years, clips showing dance choreographies, often embedded within a rather conceptual fictional framework, have greatly increased in popularity. Although the musicians are usually adults, it is not uncommon to cast children and young adults to perform in the videos. At the same time, multiple reality TV formats in which children and young adults compete performing dance choreographies to famous pop songs have become a popular form of entertainment. The American TV series Dance Moms is a prominent example of this phenomenon. One of the best-known young artists in the field is Maddie Ziegler, who made her debut in this show and subsequently appeared in several music videos by the singer Sia. Maddie, born in 2002, was eleven years old when she first performed in a video clip. Her career is emblematic of the presentation of young girls in a popular culture and media that is dominated by the deliberate play with expectations of age and the blurring of categorical distinctions. Drawing on Maddie Ziegler as an example, the following article provides a close analysis of the presentation of young girls in video clips and reality shows. Special attention is given to the atemporal image of adolescence in these adult reconstructions, which, instead of celebrating the rebellious potential of youth, oscillate between the angelic outer appearance of the child and the serious demeanour of the adult.
Valued Volatility
Authors: Krause Franz
Published: May 2023

This article argues that Ehdiitat Gwich'in and Inuvialuit inhabitants of the Mackenzie Delta cultivate flexibility and a refusal of settler habits by actively avoiding stability and predictability. It discusses ethnographic insights into articulations of dependence, work, schooling, alcohol consumption, gambling and hunting, highlighting the virtues Mackenzie Delta inhabitants see in certain forms of volatility. While some volatilities are regarded as problematic, others are cultivated, rebelling against colonial control and enabling continuity in a fundamentally uncertain world. This article proposes re-evaluating ‘volatility’ as a term with ambivalent, but not only negative, connotations. It may become a useful idiom for coming to terms with a social and ecological world, in which control is neither possible nor desirable.

Cet article affirme que les Ehdiitat Gwich‘in et Inuvialuit du delta du Mackenzie cultivent la flexibilité et le refus des habitudes des colonisateurs en évitant activement la stabilité et la prévisibilité. Il aborde les aperçus ethnographiques des articulations de la dépendance, du travail, de la scolarité, de la consommation d‘alcool, du jeu et de la chasse, en soulignant les vertus que les habitants du delta du Mackenzie voient dans certaines formes de volatilité. Si certaines volatilités sont considérées comme problématiques, d‘autres sont cultivées, se rebellant contre le contrôle colonial et permettant la continuité dans un monde fondamentalement incertain. Cet article propose de réévaluer la volatilité comme un terme aux connotations ambivalentes, mais pas seulement négatives. Il peut devenir un idiome utile pour s‘accommoder d‘un monde social et écologique dans lequel le contrôle n‘est ni possible ni souhaitable.
Активність підлітків і молоді у виборі занять фізичною культурою і спортом
Authors: Марчик Валентина Іванівна
Published: May 2023

Дослідження активності підлітків і молоді у виборі занять фізичною культурою і спортом та впливу її на рівень здоров’я визначило, що підлітки у порівнянні з молоддю проявляють більшу активність у виборі занять та у два рази менше демонструють небажання займатися фізичними вправами. Залежності активності вибору занять фізичною культурою/спортом підлітків і молоді та самооцінки рівня здоров’я не виявлено.
Admission of Guilt and Its Consequences in Romanian Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. The Admission of Guilt Agreement and the Abbreviated Research on the Procedure of Admission of Guilt
Authors: Barsan Maria M.
Published: May 2023

This study brings forth certain issues pertaining to the concept of negotiated justice, the influence of adversarial law on the Romanian law system, but also the most significant means by which these two institutions are implemented in national law, by also considering the situation of the Romanian justice system at the time these institutions were regulated. On the other hand, we will point out the most important aspects regarding the institution of the admission of guilt agreement in our system of law. We will also attempt to analyze the main aspects which allowed for different interpretations in judicial practice.
Iterative Review and Revision of the Enhancing Active Caregiver Training (EnACT) Intervention
Authors: Eaton Jacqueline , Neller Sarah , Fernandez Cajavilca Moroni , Johnson Julene K. , Ellington Lee
Published: May 2023

Interventions that actively engage dementia caregivers show promise in reducing the negative outcomes of caregiving but lack optimization and systematic testing. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe an iterative process developed to refine an intervention to enhance active engagement. A three-stage review process with content experts was developed to refine activities in preparation for focus group feedback and pilot testing. We identified caregiving vignettes, reorganized engagement techniques, and optimized focus group activities for online delivery to promote caregiver access and safety. The framework developed from this process is included, along with a template to guide intervention refinement.
Implications of employees who work while commuting: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Mesmer-Magnus Jessica , Guidice Rebecca , Andrews Martha , Woolum Andrew , Robertson Enrika
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: The 2020 pandemic yielded significant changes to work – most notable was the shift from centralized to remote work. As employers called for the return to traditional office settings, workers resumed daily commutes to/from the workplace, resurrecting stressors like work overload, time constraints, and commuting strain. OBJECTIVE: We investigate (1) how commute strain affects employees’ work frustration, burnout, and satisfaction, and (2) how supportive supervisors and work climates may attenuate its negative implications. METHODS: Using a snowball sample of 403 workplace commuters obtained through various social media, we examined worker perceptions of commute strain, frustration, burnout, and dissatisfaction. We tested mediation and moderation hypotheses using OLS path modeling via the SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS: Results indicate that commute strain adversely affects work frustration, burnout, and job satisfaction. The negative frustration/satisfaction and burnout/satisfaction relationships were moderated by supervisor support and work climate, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As more workers resume the daily commute, employers must be sensitive to the added strain associated with commuting and working while commuting as well as the serious downstream consequences of these strains. Fortunately, employers can moderate the severity of these consequences through supportive supervisors and work climates.
The 2022 World Computer Chess Championships
Authors: Krabbenbos Jan , Schaeffer Jonathan
Published: May 2023

After two years of pandemic-related cancellations, the World Computer Chess Championship returned in July 2022. The title of World Computer Chess Champion, first contested in 1974, was successfully defended by Komodo. The World Chess Software Championship was won by Ginkgo. The World Computer Speed Chess Championship title was shared by Leela Chess Zero and Ginkgo.
Social Cognition in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Pathological Subtypes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dilcher Roxane , Malpas Charles B. , O’Brien Terence J. , Vivash Lucy
Published: May 2023

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) belongs to the spectrum of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and is characterized by frontal dysfunction with executive deficits and prominent socioemotional impairments. Social cognition, such as emotion processing, theory of mind, and empathy may significantly impact daily behavior in bvFTD. Abnormal protein accumulation of tau or TDP-43 are the main causes of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Differential diagnosis is difficult due to the heterogeneous pathology in bvFTD and the high clinicopathological overlap with other FTLD syndromes, especially in late disease stages. Despite recent advances, social cognition in bvFTD has not yet received sufficient attention, nor has its association with underlying pathology. This narrative review evaluates social behavior and social cognition in bvFTD, by relating these symptoms to neural correlates and underlying molecular pathology or genetic subtypes. Negative and positive behavioral symptoms, such as apathy and disinhibition, share similar brain atrophy and reflect social cognition. More complex social cognitive impairments are probably caused by the interference of executive impairments due to increasing neurodegeneration. Evidence suggests that underlying TDP-43 is associated with neuropsychiatric and early social cognitive dysfunction, while patients with underlying tau pathology are marked by strong cognitive dysfunction with increasing social impairments in later stages. Despite many current research gaps and controversies, finding distinct social cognitive markers in association to underlying pathology in bvFTD is essential for validating biomarkers, for clinical trials of novel therapies, and for clinical practice.
High-Quality Sleep Mitigates ABCA7-Related Generalization Deficits in Healthy Older African Americans
Authors: Sinha Neha , Fausto Bernadette A. , Mander Bryce , Gluck Mark A.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Both sleep deficiencies and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affect older African Americans. Genetic susceptibility to AD further compounds risk for cognitive decline in this population. Aside from APOE ɛ4, ABCA7 rs115550680 is the strongest genetic locus associated with late-onset AD in African Americans. While sleep and ABCA7 rs115550680 independently influence late-life cognitive outcomes, we know too little about the interplay between these two factors on cognitive function.

Objective:

We investigated the interaction between sleep and ABCA7 rs115550680 on hippocampal-dependent cognitive function in older African Americans.

Methods:

One-hundred fourteen cognitively healthy older African Americans were genotyped for ABCA7 risk ( n = 57 carriers of risk “G” allele; n = 57 non-carriers), responded to lifestyle questionnaires, and completed a cognitive battery. Sleep was assessed via a self-reported rating of sleep quality (poor, average, good). Covariates included age and years of education.

Results:

Using ANCOVA, we found that carriers of the risk genotype who reported poor or average sleep quality demonstrated significantly poorer generalization of prior learning—a cognitive marker of AD—compared to their non-risk counterparts. Conversely, there was no genotype-related difference in generalization performance in individuals who reported good sleep quality.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that sleep quality may be neuroprotective against genetic risk for AD. Future studies employing more rigorous methodology should investigate the mechanistic role of sleep neurophysiology in the pathogenesis and progression of AD associated with ABCA7. There is also need for the continued development of non-invasive sleep interventions tailored to racial groups with specific AD genetic risk profiles.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Retinal Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential and Perspectives
Authors: Hui Herbert Y.H. , Ran An Ran , Dai Jia Jia , Cheung Carol Y.
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a global health challenge in the 21st century due to its increasing prevalence as the major cause of dementia. State-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI)-based tests could potentially improve population-based strategies to detect and manage AD. Current retinal imaging demonstrates immense potential as a non-invasive screening measure for AD, by studying qualitative and quantitative changes in the neuronal and vascular structures of the retina that are often associated with degenerative changes in the brain. On the other hand, the tremendous success of AI, especially deep learning, in recent years has encouraged its incorporation with retinal imaging for predicting systemic diseases. Further development in deep reinforcement learning (DRL), defined as a subfield of machine learning that combines deep learning and reinforcement learning, also prompts the question of how it can work hand in hand with retinal imaging as a viable tool for automated prediction of AD. This review aims to discuss potential applications of DRL in using retinal imaging to study AD, and their synergistic application to unlock other possibilities, such as AD detection and prediction of AD progression. Challenges and future directions, such as the use of inverse DRL in defining reward function, lack of standardization in retinal imaging, and data availability, will also be addressed to bridge gaps for its transition into clinical use.
Exercise for Preventing Falls in People with Dementia: Time to Work Together
Authors: Maltais Mathieu
Published: May 2023

Since the last two decades, many systematic reviews and meta-analyses found contradicting results on the effect of exercise in reducing falls in people with dementia. The recently published systematic review in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found positive results in reducing falls in only two studies. The authors conclude that insufficient data remains in reducing the number of falls by exercise interventions. This commentary focuses on interdisciplinary approaches that could reduce the number of falls in this vulnerable population.
Hidden target recognition method for high-speed network security threats based on attack graph theory
Authors: Song Limin , Rho Seungmin
Published: May 2023

Instantaneous traffic changes in high-speed networks will interfere with abnormal traffic characteristics, making it difficult to accurately identify hidden targets of security threats. This paper designs a high-speed network security threat hidden target recognition method based on attack graph theory. Using the high-speed network traffic reduction method, under the condition that the network topology remains unchanged, the instantaneous input traffic is reduced according to a certain proportion, and after compressing the flow data scale, the abnormal traffic of the high-speed network is identified through the convolutional recurrent neural network, and the information entropy is used to describe the high-speed network. The abnormal traffic characteristics of the network are used as constraints to design an attack graph of hidden targets of high-speed network security threats, and an attack path discovery method based on multi-heuristic information fusion is designed to extract attack paths of high-speed networks, locate attacking hosts, and identify hidden threat targets. In the experiment, the method can accurately identify the hidden targets of high-speed network security threats, and has better identification ability.
Topic modeling methods for short texts: A survey
Authors: Fan Yuwei , Shi Lei , Yuan Lu
Published: May 2023

In the present day, online users are incentivized to engage in short text-based communication. These short texts harbor a significant amount of implicit information, including opinions, topics, and emotions, which are of notable value for both exploration and analysis. By alleviating the sparsity in short texts, topic models can be used to discover topics from large collections of short texts. While there is a large body of surveys focused on topic modeling, but only a few of them have focused on the short texts. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of topic modeling methods for short texts from a novel perspective. Firstly, it discusses short text probabilistic topic models and outlines the directions in which they can be improved. Secondly, it explores short text neural topic models, which can be categorized into three groups based on their underlying structures. In addition, this paper provides a detailed investigation of embedding methods in topic modeling. Moreover, various applications and corresponding works are surveyed, with a focus on short texts. The commonly used public corpora and evaluation indicators for topic modeling are also summarized. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of short text topic modeling are discussed in detail, and future research directions are proposed.
Efficacy of Therapy vs Surveillance in Patients with Resected Early-Stage Intermediate to High-Risk Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Major C. Kendall , Rodriguez Carlos I. , Haas Naomi B.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

The historical standard of care for locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is nephrectomy + active surveillance. Despite a high recurrence rate ( 40%), adjuvant therapy was previously not included in the standard of care. This review of adjuvant pharmacotherapy reflects conflicting results from multiple trials.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this review is to summarize the efficacy of therapy vs surveillance in resected early-stage intermediate to high-risk renal cell carcinoma.

METHODS:

We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. Keywords such as “renal cell carcinoma”, “adjuvant therapy” and “nephrectomy” were used. In the literature search, 2,711 studies were identified and screened.

RESULTS:

We included a total of 21 publications. The most common histology seen in trials was clear cell carcinoma. A variety of interventions were reviewed including immunotherapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate, interferon alfa, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Most trials did not demonstrate a benefit in relapse-free survival (RPS) or overall survival (OS). Pembrolizumab demonstrated a significant difference in disease recurrence in the KEYNOTE-564 trial although median data was not reached. Blinded independent reviewers identified a benefit in disease-free survival (DFS) with Sunitinib in the S-TRAC trial.

CONCLUSION:

There was not a clear benefit in using adjuvant therapy broadly for resected locoregional RCC; however, further investigation should be done in the highest-risk group to elucidate potential benefit.
Indonesian Brown rice improves obesity parameters and dysbiosis of gut microbiota
Authors: Sulistyowati Etik , Handayani Dian , Soeharto Setyawati , Huang Xu F. , Rudijanto Ahmad
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Brown rice contains nutrients that significantly reduce the incidence of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of brown rice as a functional food on the reduction of obesity incidence through the pathways of gut microbiota dysbiosis.

METHODS:

In this study, we used white rats ( Rattus norvegicus albus), which were divided into five groups, i.e., Normal, High fructose feed diet (HFFD), HFFD + Brown rice (BR) I, HFFD + BR II, HFFD + BR III. The parameters were SCFA concentration, FFAR3 expression, and Firmicutes– Bacteroidetes ratio.

RESULTS:

The rats fed HFFD + BR III diet with a high intake of brown rice resulted in a greater reduction in abdominal circumference. The group of rats fed the HFFD had a higher BFI than the other rats. The brown rice intervention reduced the Lee index, a higher concentration of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and led to a higher reduction in Firmicutes– Bacteroidetes ratio. The brown rice intervention also increased the FFAR3 expression in the rat ileal L cells.

CONCLUSIONS:

Brown rice has significant benefits for reducing obesity, as evidenced by the improvement in the abdominal circumference, Lee index, and BFI through the improvement of intestinal dysbiosis and increase in SCFA concentration and FFAR3 expression.
German Claims Data for Real-World Research: Content Coverage Evaluation in OMOP CDM
Authors: Henke Elisa , Zoch Michéle , Reinecke Ines , Spoden Melissa , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Sedlmayr Martin , Bathelt Franziska
Published: May 2023

Research on real-world data is becoming increasingly important. The current restriction to clinical data in Germany limits the view of the patient. To gain comprehensive insights, claims data can be added to the existing knowledge. However, standardized transfer of German claims data into OMOP CDM is currently not possible. In this paper, we conducted an evaluation regarding the coverage of source vocabularies and data elements of German claims data in OMOP CDM. We point out the need to extend vocabularies and mappings to support research on German claims data.
The Necessity of Multiple Data Sources for ECG-Based Machine Learning Models
Authors: Plagwitz Lucas , Vogelsang Tobias , Doldi Florian , Bickmann Lucas , Fujarski Michael , Eckardt Lars , Varghese Julian
Published: May 2023

Even though the interest in machine learning studies is growing significantly, especially in medicine, the imbalance between study results and clinical relevance is more pronounced than ever. The reasons for this include data quality and interoperability issues. Hence, we aimed at examining site- and study-specific differences in publicly available standard electrocardiogram (ECG) datasets, which in theory should be interoperable by consistent 12-lead definition, sampling rate, and measurement duration. The focus lies upon the question of whether even slight study peculiarities can affect the stability of trained machine learning models. To this end, the performances of modern network architectures as well as unsupervised pattern detection algorithms are investigated across different datasets. Overall, this is intended to examine the generalization of machine learning results of single-site ECG studies.
Reproducibility in 2023 – An End-to-End Template for Analysis and Manuscript Writing
Authors: Mang Jonathan M. , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Kapsner Lorenz A.
Published: May 2023

Reproducibility imposes some special requirements at different stages of each project, including reproducible workflows for the analysis including to follow best practices regarding code style and to make the creation of the manuscript reproducible as well. Available tools therefore include version control systems such as Git and document creation tools such as Quarto or R Markdown. However, a re-usable project template mapping the entire process from performing the data analysis to finally writing the manuscript in a reproducible manner is yet lacking. This work aims to fill this gap by presenting an open source template for conducting reproducible research projects utilizing a containerized framework for both developing and conducting the analysis and summarizing the results in a manuscript. This template can be used instantly without any customization.
Automatic Outlier Detection in Laboratory Result Distributions Within a Real World Data Network
Authors: Muñoz Monjas Aída , Rubio Ruiz David , Pérez-Rey David , Palchuk Matvey
Published: May 2023

Laboratory data must be interoperable to be able to accurately compare the results of a lab test between healthcare organizations. To achieve this, terminologies like LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers, Names and Codes) provide unique identification codes for laboratory tests. Once standardized, the numeric results of laboratory tests can be aggregated and represented in histograms. Due to the characteristics of Real World Data (RWD), outliers and abnormal values are common, but these cases should be treated as exceptions, excluding them from possible analysis. The proposed work analyses two methods capable of automating the selection of histogram limits to sanitize the generated lab test result distributions, Tukey’s box-plot method and a “Distance to Density” approach, within the TriNetX Real World Data Network. The generated limits using clinical RWD are generally wider for Tukey’s method and narrower for the second method, both greatly dependent on the values used for the algorithm’s parameters.
Integrating Cross-Departmental Data
Authors: Gehrmann Julia , Beyan Oya
Published: May 2023

Developing smart clinical decision support systems requires integrating data from several medical departments. This short paper outlines the challenges we faced in cross-departmental data integration for an oncological use case. Most severely, they have led to a significant reduction in case numbers. Only 2,77% of cases meeting the initial inclusion criteria of the use case were present in all accessed data sources.
Mapping the SPHN Dataset to FHIR
Authors: Klopfenstein Sophie Anne Inès , Thun Sylvia , Crameri Katrin , Stellmach Caroline
Published: May 2023

Several European health data research initiatives aim to make health data FAIR for research and healthcare, and supply their national communities with coordinated data models, infrastructures, and tools. We present a first map of the Swiss Personalized Healthcare Network dataset to Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR®). All concepts could be mapped using 22 FHIR resources and three datatypes. Deeper analyses will follow before creating a FHIR specification, to potentially enable data conversion and exchange between research networks.
Towards Safe Conversational Agents in Healthcare
Authors: Denecke Kerstin
Published: May 2023

Conversational agents (CA) are becoming very popular to deliver digital health interventions. These dialog-based systems are interacting with patients using natural language which might lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations. To avoid patient harm, safety of health CA has to be ensured. This paper raises awareness on safety when developing and distributing health CA. For this purpose, we identify and describe facets of safety and make recommendations for ensuring safety in health CA. We distinguish three facets of safety: 1) system safety, 2) patient safety, and 3) perceived safety. System safety comprises data security and privacy which has to be considered when selecting technologies and developing the health CA. Patient safety is related to risk monitoring and risk management, to adverse events and content accuracy. Perceived safety concerns a user’s perception of the level of danger and user‘s level of comfort during the use. The latter can be supported when data security is guaranteed and relevant information on the system and its capabilities are provided.
Development of a Command Line Interface for the Analysis of Result Sets from Automated Queries to Literature Databases
Authors: Brix Tobias J. , Berentzen Malte , Becker Ludger , Storck Michael , Varghese Julian
Published: May 2023

The first step of a systematic review is the identification of publications related to a research question in different literature databases. The quality of the final review is mainly influenced by finding the best search query resulting in high precision and recall. Usually, this process is iterative and requires refining the initial query and comparing the different result sets. Furthermore, result sets of different literature databases must be compared as well. Objective of this work is to develop a command line interface, which supports the automated comparison of result sets of publications from literature databases. The tool should incorporate existing application programming interfaces of literature database and should be integrable into more complex analysis scripts. We present a command line interface written in Python and available as open-source application at https://imigitlab.uni-muenster.de/published/literature-cli under MIT license. The tool calculates the intersection and differences of the result sets of multiple queries on a single literature database or of the same query on different databases. These results and their configurable metadata can be exported as CSV-files or in Research Information System format for post-processing or as starting point for a systematic review. Due to the support of inline parameters, the tool can be integrated into existing analysis scripts. Currently, the literature databases PubMed and DBLP are supported, but the tool can easily be extended to support any literature database providing a web-based application programming interface.
Why Are Data Missing in Clinical Data Warehouses? A Simulation Study of How Data Are Processed (and Can Be Lost)
Authors: Priou Sonia , Lame Guillaume , Jankovic Marija , Chatellier Gilles , Bey Romain , Tournigand Christophe , Daniel Christel , Kempf Emmanuelle
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the development of clinical data warehouses (CDW) has put Electronic Health Records (EHR) data in the spotlight. More and more innovative technologies for healthcare are based on these EHR data. However, quality assessments on EHR data are fundamental to gain confidence in the performances of new technologies. The infrastructure developed to access EHR data – CDW – can affect EHR data quality but its impact is difficult to measure. We conducted a simulation on the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) infrastructure to assess how a study on breast cancer care pathways could be affected by the complexity of the data flows between the AP-HP Hospital Information System, the CDW, and the analysis platform. A model of the data flows was developed. We retraced the flows of specific data elements for a simulated cohort of 1,000 patients. We estimated that 756 [743;770] and 423 [367;483] patients had all the data elements necessary to reconstruct the care pathway in the analysis platform in the “best case” scenarios (losses affect the same patients) and in a random distribution scenario (losses affect patients at random), respectively.
DeepTSE: A Time-Sensitive Deep Embedding of ICU Data for Patient Modeling and Missing Data Imputation
Authors: Fujarski Michael , Porschen Christian , Plagwitz Lucas , Stroth Daniel , Van Alen Catharina Marie , Sadjadi Mahan , Weiss Raphael , Zarbock Alexander , Von Groote Thilo , Varghese Julian
Published: May 2023

Missing data is a common problem in the intensive care unit as a variety of factors contribute to incomplete data collection in this clinical setting. This missing data has a significant impact on the accuracy and validity of statistical analyses and prognostic models. Several imputation methods can be used to estimate the missing values based on the available data. Although simple imputations with mean or median generate reasonable results in terms of mean absolute error, they do not account for the currentness of the data. Furthermore, heterogeneous time span of data records adds to this complexity, especially in high-frequency intensive care unit datasets. Therefore, we present DeepTSE, a deep model that is able to cope with both, missing data and heterogeneous time spans. We achieved promising results on the MIMIC-IV dataset that can compete with and even outperform established imputation methods.
Medical Secretaries’ Registration Work in the Data-Driven Healthcare Era
Authors: Knudsen Casper , Bertelsen Pernille
Published: May 2023

Through a qualitative study in six hospital departments in the Northern Region of Denmark, this article aims to shed light on how a non-clinical group, medical secretaries, supports clinical-administrative documentation as they translate between the clinical and administrative domains. This article shows how this demands context-sensitive knowledge and skills acquired through deep engagement with the full scope of clinical-administrative work at the department level. We argue that, given the increasing ambitions for secondary uses of healthcare data, specific clinical-administrative competencies beyond those of clinicians are increasingly necessary in the skillmix in hospitals.
HEIDA: Software Examples for Rapid Introduction of Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy Preservation of Health Data
Authors: Brännvall Rickard , Forsgren Henrik , Linge Helena
Published: May 2023

Adequate privacy protection is crucial for implementing modern AI algorithms in medicine. With Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a party without access to the secret key can perform calculations and advanced analytics on encrypted data without taking part of either the input data or the results. FHE can therefore work as an enabler for situations where computations are carried out by parties that are denied plain text access to sensitive data. It is a scenario often found with digital services that process personal health-related data or medical data originating from a healthcare provider, for example, when the service is delivered by a third-party service provider located in the cloud. There are practical challenges to be aware of when working with FHE. The current work aims to improve accessibility and reduce barriers to entry by providing code examples and recommendations to aid developers working with health data in developing FHE-based applications. HEIDA is available on the GitHub repository: https://github.com/rickardbrannvall/HEIDA.
Greek Hospital Data Mining and Analysis
Authors: Chintiroglou Maria , Karanikas Haralampos , Tasoulis Sotiris
Published: May 2023

Monitoring the performance of hospitals is a crucial issue related both with the quality of healthcare services and with country’s economy. An easy and trustful way of evaluating health systems is through key performance indicators (KPIs). Such indicators are widely used for the identification of gaps in the quality or efficiency of the services provided. The main aim of this study is the analysis of the financial and operational indicators at hospitals in the 3rd and 5th Healthcare Regions of Greece. In addition, through cluster analysis and data visualization we attempt to uncover hidden patterns that may lie within our data. The results of the study support the need for re-evaluation of the assessment methodology of Greek hospitals to identify the weaknesses in the system, while evidently unsupervised learning exposes the potential of group-based decision making.
Domain Knowledge-Driven Generation of Synthetic Healthcare Data
Authors: Hashemi Atiye Sadat , Soliman Amira , Lundström Jens , Etminani Kobra
Published: May 2023

Healthcare longitudinal data collected around patients’ life cycles, today offer a multitude of opportunities for healthcare transformation utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms. However, access to “real” healthcare data is a big challenge due to ethical and legal reasons. There is also a need to deal with challenges around electronic health records (EHRs) including biased, heterogeneity, imbalanced data, and small sample sizes. In this study, we introduce a domain knowledge-driven framework for generating synthetic EHRs, as an alternative to methods only using EHR data or expert knowledge. By leveraging external medical knowledge sources in the training algorithm, the suggested framework is designed to maintain data utility, fidelity, and clinical validity while preserving patient privacy.
Patients’ Experiences of Unwanted Access to Their Online Health Records
Authors: Bärkås Annika , Kharko Anna , Åhlfeldt Rose-Mharie , Hägglund Maria
Published: May 2023

Patient-Accessible Electronic Health Records (PAEHR) are particularly disputed in mental healthcare. We aim to explore if there is any association between patients having a mental health condition and someone unwanted seeing their PAEHR. A chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between group belonging and experiences of someone unwanted seeing their PAEHR.
RD-MON – Building a Rare Disease Monitor to Enhance Awareness for Patients with Rare Diseases in Intensive Care
Authors: Blasini Romina , Michel-Backofen Achim , Schneider Henning , Marquardt Kurt
Published: May 2023

Rare diseases are commonly defined by an incidence of less than 5/10000 inhabitants. There are some 8000 different rare diseases known. So even if a single rare disease is seldom, together they pose a relevant problem for diagnosis and treatment. This is especially true if a patient is treated for another common disease. University hospital of Gießen is part of the CORD-MI Project on rare diseases within the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) and a member of the MIRACUM consortium within the MII. As part of the ongoing Development for a clinical research study monitor within the use case 1 of MIRACUM, the study monitor has been configured to detect patients with rare diseases during their routine clinical encounters. The goal was to send a documentation request to the corresponding patient chart within the patient data management system for extended disease documentation to enhance clinical awareness for the patients’ potential problems. The project was started in late 2022 and has so far been successfully tuned to detect patients with Mucoviscidosis and place notifications within the patient chart of the patient data management system (PDMS) on intensive care units.