bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic risk analysis of radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer: role of cotreatment with chemo-, endocrine, and targeted therapy
Authors: Mangesius Julian , Minasch Danijela , Fink Katharina , Nevinny-Stickel Meinhard , Lukas Peter , Ganswindt Ute , Seppi Thomas
Published: December 2022

Purpose

A major complication of sequential and concomitant chemoradiation in breast cancer treatment is interstitial pneumonitis induced by radiation therapy (RT), systemic therapy, or a combination of both. Dose and volume of co-irradiated lung tissue directly correlate with the risk of radiation pneumonitis. Especially in case of combined treatment, it is often unclear which of the used therapeutic agents promote pneumonitis.

Methods

This was a prospective monocentric study including 396 breast cancer patients. A systematic analysis of single and combined therapeutic measures was performed in order to identify treatment-related factors enhancing the risk of pneumonitis post RT.

Results

Overall incidence of pneumonitis of any grade was 38%; 28% were asymptomatic (grade 1) and 10% were symptomatic (> grade 1). Pneumonitis > grade 2 did not occur. Beside age, smoking status, and mean lung dose, the combined treatment with goserelin and tamoxifen significantly enhanced the risk of pneumonitis in a supra-additive pattern (odds ratio [OR] 4.38), whereas each agent alone or combined with other drugs only nonsignificantly contributed to a higher pneumonitis incidence post RT (OR 1.52 and OR 1.16, respectively). None of the other systemic treatments, including taxanes, increased radiation pneumonitis risk in sequential chemoradiation.

Conclusion

Common treatment schedules in sequential chemoradiation following breast-conserving surgery only moderately increase lung toxicity, mainly as an asymptomatic complication, or to a minor extent, as transient pneumonitis ≤ grade 2. However, combined treatment with tamoxifen and the LHRH analog goserelin significantly increased the risk of pneumonitis in breast cancer patients after chemoradiation. Thus, closer surveillance of involved patients is advisable.
Religious Beliefs, Trust In Public Figures, And Adherence to COVID-19 Health Guidelines among American Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Jews
Authors: Cherniak Aaron D. , Pirutinsky Steven , Rosmarin David H.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant health crisis highlighted the lack of scholarly understanding of the effects of sociocultural factors and religious beliefs on compliance with public health guidelines. Orthodox Jews in particular were suspected of mistrusting medical experts and were singled out for alleged non-compliance with COVID-19 health guidelines. We surveyed American Jews (N = 1,141) during the early stages of the pandemic about their religious beliefs connected with the pandemic, trust in relevant public figures, and compliance with health guidelines to examine whether and how these factors are related. Generally, participants expressed high levels of trust in scientists, medical professionals, and religious leaders and a high degree of adherence to health guidelines. We examined how trust varies as a function of sociodemographic features, religious affiliation, and health-related religious beliefs (i.e., spiritual health locus of control). Overall, our research underscores the relevance of religious beliefs and trust in public figures to adherence to health guidelines and public health messaging.
Optimal Extraction Method of Feature Points in Key Frame Image of Mobile Network Animation
Authors: Yin Tao , Lv Zhihan
Published: December 2022

In order to effectively extract the feature points of mobile network animation images and accurately reflect the main content of the video, an optimization method to extract the feature points of key frame images of mobile network animation is proposed. Firstly, the key frames are selected according to the content change degree of the animation video. The scale invariant feature transformation algorithm is used to describe the feature points of the key frame image of the animation video. The local feature points of the image are estimated by the constraint optimization method to realize the optimization extraction of the feature points of the key frame image of the mobile network animation. The efficiency of feature points extraction is analyzed from the number and effectiveness of feature points extraction, time-consuming and similarity invariance of feature points. The experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent adaptability, and can effectively extract feature points of mobile network animation image.
Practical Hilbert space approximate Bayesian Gaussian processes for probabilistic programming
Authors: Riutort-Mayol Gabriel , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Andersen Michael R. , Solin Arno , Vehtari Aki
Published: December 2022

Gaussian processes are powerful non-parametric probabilistic models for stochastic functions. However, the direct implementation entails a complexity that is computationally intractable when the number of observations is large, especially when estimated with fully Bayesian methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo. In this paper, we focus on a low-rank approximate Bayesian Gaussian processes, based on a basis function approximation via Laplace eigenfunctions for stationary covariance functions. The main contribution of this paper is a detailed analysis of the performance, and practical recommendations for how to select the number of basis functions and the boundary factor. Intuitive visualizations and recommendations, make it easier for users to improve approximation accuracy and computational performance. We also propose diagnostics for checking that the number of basis functions and the boundary factor are adequate given the data. The approach is simple and exhibits an attractive computational complexity due to its linear structure, and it is easy to implement in probabilistic programming frameworks. Several illustrative examples of the performance and applicability of the method in the probabilistic programming language Stan are presented together with the underlying Stan model code.
Implications of pretend play for Theory of Mind research
Authors: Wolf Julia
Published: December 2022

Research on the development of Theory of Mind has often focused predominantly on belief attribution, but recently moves have been made to include also other mental states. This includes especially factive mental states like knowledge, where factive Theory of Mind may turn out to be more basic than non-factive Theory of Mind. I argue that children’s early pretend play also carries important implications for Theory of Mind research. Although pretend play does not directly provide evidence of Theory of Mind in young children, it provides evidence of an early ability to handle inconsistent representations, although this ability to access these inconsistent representations may be contingent on external support. Dealing with inconsistent representations is arguably an important component of non-factive Theory of Mind and underlies belief attribution. This carries important implications for debates in Theory of Mind, especially concerning the relationship between factive and non-factive Theory of Mind. I also consider to what extent the findings from pretend play can be extended to support and illuminate the findings from the implicit false belief task.
Dynamics Investigation and Solitons Formation for $$(2+1)$$ -Dimensional Zoomeron Equation and Foam Drainage Equation
Authors: Batool Fiza , Akram Ghazala , Sadaf Maasoomah , Mehmood Umair
Published: December 2022

The prime goal of this study is to investigate novel solutions of two well-known nonlinear models namely the$$(2+1)$$(2+1)-dimensional Zoomeron equation and the foam drainage equation by utilizing a powerful technique; the extended$$\left(\frac{G'}{G^{2}}\right)$$G′G2-expansion method. Using this methodology, the hyperbolic function solutions, the trigonometric function solutions and the rational function solutions are constructed. Abundant soliton solutions are retrieved from the obtained results. The dynamical structures of the solutions are illustrated graphically through 3-dimensional graphs and the corresponding contour plots. The reported results depict the effectiveness and capability of the extended$$\left(\frac{G'}{G^{2}}\right)$$G′G2-expansion method for handling different nonlinear partial differential equations.
CONSTRUCTING NONSTANDARD HULLS AND LOEB MEASURES IN INTERNAL SET THEORIES
Authors: HRBACEK KAREL , KATZ MIKHAIL G.
Published: December 2022

Currently the two popular ways to practice Robinson’s nonstandard analysis are the model-theoretic approach and the axiomatic/syntactic approach. It is sometimes claimed that the internal axiomatic approach is unable to handle constructions relying on external sets. We show that internal frameworks provide successful accounts of nonstandard hulls and Loeb measures. The basic fact this work relies on is that the ultrapower of the standard universe by a standard ultrafilter is naturally isomorphic to a subuniverse of the internal universe.
Evaluating automated electronic case report form data entry from electronic health records
Authors: Cheng Alex C. , Banasiewicz Mary K. , Johnson Jakea D. , Sulieman Lina , Kennedy Nan , Delacqua Francesco , Lewis Adam A. , Joly Meghan M. , Bistran-Hall Amanda J. , Collins Sean , Self Wesley H. , Shotwell Matthew S. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Harris Paul A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Many clinical trials leverage real-world data. Typically, these data are manually abstracted from electronic health records (EHRs) and entered into electronic case report forms (CRFs), a time and labor-intensive process that is also error-prone and may miss information. Automated transfer of data from EHRs to eCRFs has the potential to reduce data abstraction and entry burden as well as improve data quality and safety.

Methods:

We conducted a test of automated EHR-to-CRF data transfer for 40 participants in a clinical trial of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We determined which coordinator-entered data could be automated from the EHR (coverage), and the frequency with which the values from the automated EHR feed and values entered by study personnel for the actual study matched exactly (concordance).

Results:

The automated EHR feed populated 10,081/11,952 (84%) coordinator-completed values. For fields where both the automation and study personnel provided data, the values matched exactly 89% of the time. Highest concordance was for daily lab results (94%), which also required the most personnel resources (30 minutes per participant). In a detailed analysis of 196 instances where personnel and automation entered values differed, both a study coordinator and a data analyst agreed that 152 (78%) instances were a result of data entry error.

Conclusions:

An automated EHR feed has the potential to significantly decrease study personnel effort while improving the accuracy of CRF data.
On the energy transport and heat transfer efficiency in radiatively heated particle-laden Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Yang Wenwu , Wan Zhen-Hua , Zhou Quan , Dong Yuhong
Published: December 2022

We investigate the energy transport and heat transfer efficiency in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection laden with radiatively heated inertial particles. Direct numerical simulations combined with the Lagrangian point-particle mode were carried out in the range of density ratio

$854.7\le \rho _p/\rho _0 \le 8547$

and radiation intensity

$1\le \phi /\phi _{solar}\le 100$

for both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) simulations. The Rayleigh number ranges from

$2\times 10^6$

to

$10^8$

for 2-D cases, and is

$10^7$

for 3-D cases for

$Pr=0.71$

. It is found that particles with small density ratio that encounter strong radiation significantly alter the flow momentum transport and fluid heat transfer, so the fluid temperature of bulk is remarkably heated. We then derived the theoretical relation of the Nusselt number for interphase heat transfer in the heated particle-laden RB convection, which reveals that the heat transfer difference between the top and bottom plates stems from the interphase heat transfer. We further found that both the interphase heat transfer and the interphase thermal energy transport exhibit universal properties. They are both increased linearly with the reciprocal of the normalized density ratio. Additionally, both the interphase heat transfer and the interphase thermal energy transport increase linearly with the increase of radiation intensity. The growth rates exhibit specific scaling relations versus Rayleigh number and density ratio. Two different regimes distinguished by the critical density ratio, i.e. the exothermic particle regime and the endothermic particle regime, are observed. We further derived the power-law relation of the critical density ratios versus Rayleigh number and radiation intensity, i.e.

$\rho _p/\rho _c \sim (\phi /\phi _{solar})^{1/2}\,Ra^{1/3}$

, which is in remarkable agreement with the 3-D simulations.
Insect trace fossils as indicators of climatic conditions during the uppermost Pleistocene deposits in southern Brazilian Atlantic coast
Authors: Ramos Kimberly Silva , Netto Renata Guimarães , Sedorko Daniel , Nascimento Diego Luciano
Published: December 2022

The Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain records sea-level oscillations driven by climatic changes during Quaternary glaciations, represented as four lagoon-barrier systems, the last one forming after the last glacial maximum and still active. Marine trace fossils are reported in the Pleistocene deposits, but terrestrial burrows also occur in the eolian deposits. The insect trace fossil assemblages from the uppermost Pleistocene deposits of the lagoon-barrier system III are used as relative proxies to infer the climate regimes that controlled sedimentation prior to the last glacial maximum. Two suites occur in the eolian deposits: the Vondrichnus suite, dominated by structures produced by termites, in the basal eolian beds; and the Celliforma suite, dominated by hymenopteran (bees and wasps) structures, in the upper eolian beds. The dominance of termite nests indicates humid conditions. The shift upward to the Celliforma suite signals a change in the humidity regime and the prevalence of drier conditions. The stratigraphic position of the ichnoassemblage, above the uppermost Pleistocene marine transgressive beds that formed during the last interglacial and below the record of the last glacial maximum in this coastal plain, suggests that the last glacial interval controlled this humid-dry fluctuation.
Ultra-processed foods: a fit-for-purpose concept for nutrition policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets
Authors: Lawrence Mark
Published: December 2022

Modern nutrition science began approximately 100 years ago in the context of nutrient deficiency diseases. Nutrition research and policy activities were framed mostly within a reductionist paradigm in which foods were analysed as being a collection of their constituent nutrients. Today, nutrition problems extend to all forms of malnutrition as well as environmental sustainability considerations and are associated with food and dietary pattern exposures. In 2009, researchers investigating the nutrition transition in Brazil proposed that industrial food processing was a key determinant of nutrition problems. The NOVA food classification system which is based on the nature, extent and purposes of food processing was developed to operationalise this proposition. The ultra-processed food (UPF) concept within NOVA is receiving much attention in relation to nutrition research and policy activities. This commentary describes the UPF concept as being fit-for-purpose in providing guidance to inform policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets. There is now a substantial body of evidence linking UPF exposure with adverse population and planetary health outcomes. The UPF concept is increasingly being used in the development of food-based dietary guidelines and nutrition policy actions. It challenges many conventional nutrition research and policy activities as well as the political economy of the industrial food system. Inevitably, there are politicised debates associated with UPF and it is apparent a disproportionate number of articles claiming the concept is controversial originate from a small number of researchers with declared associations with UPF manufacturers. Prominent examples of these claims are assessed.
Dear Virginia
Authors: S.C.
Published: December 2022

Congratulations on your admission and fellowship for graduate work at ………. It should be the beginning of a very promising career and I'll be glad to give you whatever advice I can on the subject.

In answer to your question, there is probably less overt discrimination against women now. Graduate admissions and fellowships look fairly good on the record. And although departments are still lagging in professorial positions and salaries for women, some of them are making an effort to catch up. It shouldn't be too long before most departments have their “quota” of assistant professors. The problem now is with the subtler forms of discrimination — “Phase II” of whatever it is we are involved in. (Phase II, like Phase I, uses sex as a basis for choice, but its arguments are more sophisticated. Phase I says “A woman's place is in the home.” Phase II says “We'd like to hire a woman, but …”)
A Rank Order of Eateries: A Chicago Stochastic Model
Authors: Haider Donald H.
Published: December 2022

.... The hands of men took hold and tugged And the breaths of men went into the junk And the junk stood up into skyscrapers and asked Who am I? Am I a city?

Carl Sandburg-“The Windy City”

Robert Merriam, picking up where his father left off, once indicated that it would take 50 years for an aroused citizenry to root out corruption in Chicago. It has taken at least that long to upgrade Chicago's restaurants. Several decades ago, top gourmet societies labelled Chicago a “gastronomic wasteland.” Among the many old clichés and modern prejudices that the Windy City is constantly seeking to outlive is the quality of its restaurants. New Yorkers, of course, will not let old myths die. Gail Green, New York Magazine galloping gourmet, recently went away from Chicago dubbing its restaurants the “Big Potato” — homely and solid, mealy and bland. Chicago epicureans responded by a whirlwind tour of the Gotham Town's “Best and Most Delectable,” writing devastating critiques of New York's much overrated eating places. If one can transcend these diatribes and gastronomic polemics, you will find Chicago to be as good a dining town as there is in the U.S.A. — variety, service, and prices.
The complexities of suicide: a multilevel survival analysis examining individual, familial and neighbourhood determinants of suicide risk using Danish register-based data
Authors: Davies Megan , Horsdal Henriette Thisted , Antonsen Sussie , Sigsgaard Torben , Fan Chun Chieh , Thompson Wesley K. , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Sabel Clive E.
Published: December 2022

Background

Suicide risk is complex and nuanced, and how place impacts suicide risk when considered alongside detailed individual risk factors remains uncertain. We aimed to examine suicide risk in Denmark with both individual and neighbourhood level risk factors.

Methods

We used Danish register-based data to identify individuals born in Denmark from 1972, with full parental information and psychiatric diagnosis history. We fitted a two-level survival model to estimate individual and neighbourhood determinants on suicide risk.

Results

We identified 1723 cases of suicide in Denmark during the follow-up period from 1982 to 2015. Suicide risk was explained mainly by individual determinants. Parental comorbidities, particularly maternal schizophrenia [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 2.29, 95% CI 1.56–3.16] and paternal death (2.29, 95% CI 1.31–3.72) partly explained suicide risk when adjusted for all other determinants. The general contextual effect of suicide risk across neighbourhoods showed a median incidence rate ratio (MRR) of 1.13 (1.01–1.28), which was further reduced with full adjustment. Suicide risk increased in neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of manual workers (IRR: 1.08; 1.03–1.14), and decreased with a higher population density (IRR: 0.89; 0.83–0.96).

Conclusion

Suicide risk varies mainly between individuals, with parental comorbidities having the largest effect on suicide risk. Suicide risk was less impacted by neighbourhood, though, albeit to a lesser extent than individual determinants, some characteristics were associated with suicide risk. Suicide prevention policies might consider targeting interventions towards individuals more vulnerable due to particular parental comorbidities, whilst taking into account that some neighbourhood characteristics might exacerbate this risk further.
Correlation between non-invasive to invasive right-heart data in paediatric heart transplant patients
Authors: McGill Mark , Raja Kishore R. , Evans Michael , Hiremath Gurumurthy , Ameduri Rebecca , Narasimhan Shanti
Published: December 2022

Background:

Paediatric studies have shown serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide levels to be a valuable tool in the surveillance of myocardial function and an early biomarker for rejection in transplant patients. The correlation between low mean right atrial pressure and increased inferior vena cava collapsibility index is well studied in adults. Our study aims to assess correlation between non-invasive measurements (serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, inferior vena cava dimensions collapsibility, tricuspid regurgitation, and left ventricular remodelling index to invasive mean right atrial pressure in paediatric heart transplant patients).

Methods:

A single centre, retrospective chart review of the paediatric transplant patients from 0 to 21 years of age was performed between 2015 and 2017. Thirty-nine patients had complete data which includes cardiac catheterisation, transthoracic echocardiogram, and serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide levels done within a two weeks of interval.

Results:

A higher inferior vena cava collapsibility index correlated with a lower mean right atrial pressure (r = −0.21, p = 0.04) and a larger inferior vena cava diameter in expiration indexed to body surface area (IVCmax/BSA0.5) correlated with a higher mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.29, p = 0.01). There was a correlation between elevated N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (r = −0.38, p = 0.0001), IVCmax/BSA0.5 (r = 0.25, p = 0.0002), and mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.6, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide levels correlated to non-invasive measurements (inferior vena cava collapsibility index and IVCmax/BSA0.5) and to the invasive mean right atrial pressure. Non-invasive (IVC-CI IVCmax/BSA0.5) correlates with elevated mean right atrial pressure in this population. Together, these may serve as a reliable surveillance tool in assessing right heart filling pressures and cardiac function within the paediatric heart transplant patient.
Off-label use of a vena caval filter in the SVC in an adolescent with upper deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Dias João , Marinho Joana , Silva Patrícia Vaz , Simões Sofia , Silva Sónia , Pires António
Published: December 2022

Vena caval filters remain as a useful tool in patients with deep vein thrombosis and contraindications to anticoagulation. Although they are rarely used in paediatric patients, they have been shown to be safe and effective when used in the inferior vena cava.

In this case report, we describe the off-label use of a retrievable vena caval filter in the superior vena cava in an adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with extensive thrombosis of the right upper neck veins as a means to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism.
Ultra-processed foods in public health nutrition: the unanswered questions
Authors: Gibney Michael J
Published: December 2022

There is a growing interest in the study of the degree of food processing and both health and nutritional outcomes. To that end, several definitions of the degree of processing have been proposed. However, when each of these is used on a common database of nutritional, clinical and anthropometric variables, the observed effect of high intakes of highly processed food, varies considerably.. Moreover, assigning a given food by nutritional experts, to its appropriate level of processing, has been shown to be variable. Thus, the subjective definitions of the degree of food processing and the coding of foods according to these classifications is prone to error is prone to error. Another issue that need resolution is the relative importance of the degree of food processing and the formulation of a processed food. Although correlational studies linking processed food and obesity abound, there is a need for more investigative studies.
Ultra-processed foods: a fit-for-purpose concept for nutrition policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets
Authors: Lawrence Mark
Published: December 2022

Modern nutrition science began approximately 100 years ago in the context of nutrient deficiency diseases. Nutrition research and policy activities were framed mostly within a reductionist paradigm in which foods were analysed as being a collection of their constituent nutrients. Today, nutrition problems extend to all forms of malnutrition as well as environmental sustainability considerations and are associated with food and dietary pattern exposures. In 2009, researchers investigating the nutrition transition in Brazil proposed that industrial food processing was a key determinant of nutrition problems. The NOVA food classification system which is based on the nature, extent and purposes of food processing was developed to operationalise this proposition. The ultra-processed food (UPF) concept within NOVA is receiving much attention in relation to nutrition research and policy activities. This commentary describes the UPF concept as being fit-for-purpose in providing guidance to inform policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets. There is now a substantial body of evidence linking UPF exposure with adverse population and planetary health outcomes. The UPF concept is increasingly being used in the development of food-based dietary guidelines and nutrition policy actions. It challenges many conventional nutrition research and policy activities as well as the political economy of the industrial food system. Inevitably, there are politicised debates associated with UPF and it is apparent a disproportionate number of articles claiming the concept is controversial originate from a small number of researchers with declared associations with UPF manufacturers. Prominent examples of these claims are assessed.
Enhanced Mixing of Heat in the Arctic Ocean Halocline in Weakly Turbulent Conditions
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey R. , Waterman Stephanie , Scheifele Benjamin
Published: December 2022

In the low‐energy mixing environment of the Arctic Ocean halocline, a unique mixing mechanism of temperature is present. It consists of the formation of small‐vertical‐scale (∼1 m) intrusive features, with temperature anomalies up to ∼0.1°C, that create mean‐square vertical temperature gradients that are orders of magnitude greater than the background. This finescale temperature structure results in enhanced heat fluxes in conditions of extremely weak turbulence and is responsible for an irreversible mixing of heat into cold halocline waters. The rates of thermal variance dissipation and heat transport are comparable to turbulent mechanisms in the Arctic Ocean, such as internal wave‐driven mixing and double diffusive convection. We propose that in conditions of low turbulence, and in the presence of lateral thermal variability, the temperature field displays a self‐regulating mechanism by which it is able to enhance its finescale structure to generate enhanced mixing, thus compensating for the lack of turbulent fluxes.
CMIP6 Models Trend Toward Less Persistent European Blocking Regimes in a Warming Climate
Authors: Dorrington Josh , Strommen Kristian , Fabiano Federico , Molteni Franco
Published: December 2022

The response of the Euro‐Atlantic wintertime circulation to climate change is deeply uncertain. The Atlantic jet is caught in a “tug‐of‐war” between rapid warming trends in both the tropics and the Arctic leading to debate over the changing “waviness” of the jet, which is subject to strong non‐linearity and internal variability. From the complementary perspective of weather regimes, there is considerable uncertainty in how atmospheric blocking will alter under climate change. By applying the hybrid approach of geopotential‐jet regimes to 6th phase of the coupled model inter‐comparison project projections, we show that the centers of action of anticyclonic regimes hardly alter even under severe warming. Instead, regimes are expected to become less persistent, with zonal flow conditions becoming more prevalent, although models disagree on the details of regime changes. Finally, we show the regime response can be captured qualitatively in a simple Lorenz‐like model, emphasizing the conceptual link between observed regimes and those in basic mathematical systems.
Earlier Onset and Shortened Meiyu Season During the Last Interglacial Based on Dynamical Downscaling Simulations
Authors: Jiang Nanxuan , Yan Qing , Wang Huijun , Li Hua
Published: December 2022

Deciphering the Meiyu behavior during the Last Interglacial (∼127 ka; LIG) may deepen our understanding of drought and flooding events over East Asia in a warmer‐than‐present world induced by Earth's orbit. Based on dynamical downscaling simulations, we suggested a 15‐ and 30‐day earlier onset and retreat of the Meiyu during the LIG relative to preindustrial, respectively, leading to a shortened Meiyu season. Meantime, extreme precipitation in the Meiyu season became stronger and occurred more frequently. Intensified monsoonal circulation, poleward‐located western North Pacific subtropical high, and poleward shift of East Asian westerly jet during the LIG provided favorable moisture conditions for earlier onset and retreat of the Meiyu. The variations of atmospheric circulations were further regulated by the joint effect of the three oceans and diabatic heating over Tibetan Plateau. Our results highlight an important role of Earth's orbit in the Meiyu and imply more flooding events in a warmer world.
Fog Detection and Estimation Using CALIPSO Lidar Observations
Authors: Qiao Na , Wang Lixin , Marais Eugene , Li Feng
Published: December 2022

Most fog detection from space cannot differentiate fog and low stratus clouds, and cannot estimate fog deposition. This study assessed the feasibility of using spaceborne lidar observations from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) in fog detection and estimation. We tested the method in the central Namib Desert, Namibia, where frequent fog events occur and fog observations are available. Results showed the CALIPSO backscatter signal at 532 nm can differentiate low clouds and fog due to its high‐resolution vertical profiles. Backscatter signals during fog events were significantly higher than those during non‐fog periods. The R2 between backscatter signals and fog observations was 0.85. Moreover, the backscatter signal was also sensitive to relative humidity variation (R2 = 0.66). These results indicate that the CALIPSO data are feasible to estimate fog occurrence and deposition, providing a new perspective for space‐based fog studies.
Riparian Microtopography Affects Event‐Driven Stream DOC Concentrations and DOM Quality in a Forested Headwater Catchment
Authors: Blaurock Katharina , Garthen Phil , da Silva Maria P. , Beudert Burkhard , Gilfedder Benjamin S. , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Peiffer Stefan , Lechtenfeld Oliver J. , Hopp Luisa
Published: December 2022

The transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the soils to inland waters plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Widespread increases in DOC concentrations have been observed in surface waters over the last few decades, affecting carbon balances, ecosystem functioning and drinking water treatment. However, the primary hydrological controls on DOC mobilization are still uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microtopography in the riparian zone for DOC export and DOM quality. DOC concentration and DOM quality in the shallow groundwater of a riparian zone and in streamflow in a forested headwater catchment was investigated using fluorescence and absorbance characteristics. We found higher DOC concentrations with a higher aromaticity in the microtopographical depressions, which were influenced by highly dynamic shallow groundwater levels, than in the flat forest soil. As a result of the frequent wet‐dry cycles in the upper soil layers, aromatic DOC accumulated in the shallow groundwater within and below the microtopographical depressions. Rising groundwater levels during precipitation events led to the connection of the microtopographical depressions to the stream, resulting in a change toward more aromatic DOC in the stream. Increasing stream DOC concentrations were accompanied by increasing concentrations of iron and aluminum, suggesting the coupled release of these metals with DOC from the riparian zone. Our results highlight the importance of the interplay between microtopography and groundwater level dynamics in the riparian zone for DOC export from headwater catchments.
Recurrent repeat expansions in human cancer genomes
Authors: Erwin Graham S. , Gürsoy Gamze , Al-Abri Rashid , Suriyaprakash Ashwini , Dolzhenko Egor , Zhu Kevin , Hoerner Christian R. , White Shannon M. , Ramirez Lucia , Vadlakonda Ananya , Vadlakonda Alekhya , von Kraut Konor , Park Julia , Brannon Charlotte M. , Sumano Daniel A. , Kirtikar Raushun A. , Erwin Alicia A. , Metzner Thomas J. , Yuen Ryan K. C. , Fan Alice C. , Leppert John T. , Eberle Michael A. , Gerstein Mark , Snyder Michael P.
Published: December 2022

Expansion of a single repetitive DNA sequence, termed a tandem repeat (TR), is known to cause more than 50 diseases1,2. However, repeat expansions are often not explored beyond neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In some cancers, mutations accumulate in short tracts of TRs, a phenomenon termed microsatellite instability; however, larger repeat expansions have not been systematically analysed in cancer3–8. Here we identified TR expansions in 2,622 cancer genomes spanning 29 cancer types. In seven cancer types, we found 160 recurrent repeat expansions (rREs), most of which (155/160) were subtype specific. We found that rREs were non-uniformly distributed in the genome with enrichment near candidate cis-regulatory elements, suggesting a potential role in gene regulation. One rRE, a GAAA-repeat expansion, located near a regulatory element in the first intron of UGT2B7 was detected in 34% of renal cell carcinoma samples and was validated by long-read DNA sequencing. Moreover, in preliminary experiments, treating cells that harbour this rRE with a GAAA-targeting molecule led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation. Overall, our results suggest that rREs may be an important but unexplored source of genetic variation in human cancer, and we provide a comprehensive catalogue for further study.
A novel Human Conception Optimizer for solving optimization problems
Authors: Acharya Debasis , Das Dushmanta Kumar
Published: December 2022

Computational techniques are widely used to solve complex optimization problems in different fields such as engineering, finance, biology, and so on. In this paper, the Human Conception Optimizer (HCO) is proposed as a novel metaheuristic algorithm to solve any optimization problems. The idea of this algorithm is based on some biological principles of the human conception process, such as the selective nature of cervical gel in the female reproductive system to allow only healthy sperm cells into the cervix, the guidance nature of mucus gel to help sperm track a genital tracking path towards the egg in the Fallopian tube, the asymmetric nature of flagellar movement which allows sperm cells to move in the reproductive system, the sperm hyperactivation process to make them able to fertilize an egg. Thus, the strategies pursued by the sperm in searching for the egg in the Fallopian tube are modeled mathematically. The best sperm which will meet the position of the egg will be the solution of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed HCO algorithm is examined with a set of basic benchmark test functions called IEEE CEC-2005 and IEEE CEC-2020. A comparative study is also performed between the HCO algorithm and other available algorithms. The significance of the results is verified with statistical test methods. To validate the proposed HCO algorithm, two real-world engineering optimization problems are examined. For this purpose, a complex 14 over-current relay based IEEE 8 bus distribution system is considered. With the proposed algorithm, an improvement of 50% to 60% in total relay operating times is observed comparing with some existing results for the same system. Another engineering problem of designing an optimal proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for a blower driven patient hose mechanical ventilator (MV) is examined. A significant improvement in terms of response time, settling time is observed in the MV system by comparing with existing results.
A pan-cancer analysis of the FAT1 in human tumors
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Lin Kang , Xiao Hai
Published: December 2022

FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is one of the most mutagenic genes in tumors, and several critical studies have revealed its role in tumors, although no pan-cancer studies are currently available. Therefore, we explored the potential oncogenic role of FAT1 in 33 tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omibus datasets. We found that FAT1 was strongly expressed in most tumors and significantly correlated with their prognosis. Additionally, we analyzed the association of FAT1 with tumors from multiple perspectives, including single-cell sequencing, mutations, high tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, immune cell infiltration, and immune microenvironment. Our first pan-cancer study provided a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic role of FAT1 in tumors.
Iridium-catalyzed regioselective B(3,6)-dialkenylation or B(4)-alkenylation of o-carboranes via B–H activation and 1,2-carbon migration of alkynes
Authors: Zhang Huifang , Cheng Ruofei , Qiu Zaozao , Xie Zuowei
Published: December 2022

An efficient and highly selective Ir-catalyzed cage boron alkenylation of o-carboranes with diarylacetylenes coupled with 1,2-aryl migration has been developed, leading to B–H geminal addition products via vinylidene rearrangement.
Ion–molecule reactions in the HBr+ + HCl (DCl) system: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Plamper Dominik , Fujioka Kazuumi , Schmidt Sebastian , Sun Rui , Weitzel Karl-Michael
Published: December 2022

Reactions in the system HBr+ + HCl (DCl) were investigated by combined experimental and theoretical efforts: (i) inside a guided ion-beam apparatus under single-collision conditions and (ii) by ab initio molecular dynamic simulation.
Understanding the different effects of 4d-transition metals on the performance of Li-rich cathode Li2MnO3 by first-principles
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Wang Jianchuan , Tao Xiaoma , Yan Xiangyu , Du Yong , Seifert Hans J. , Lei Ting
Published: December 2022

The doping effects of transition metals with various numbers of d electrons on Li2MnO3 are different. The summary of variation of the charge compensation mechanism facilitates the design of Li-rich cathodes.
Applying plasma acoustic and image information for underwater LIBS normalization
Authors: Wang Beibei , Song Wenhua , Tian Ye , Lu Yuan , Li Ying , Guo Jinjia , Ye Wangquan , Zheng Ronger
Published: December 2022

This work simultaneously measured the acoustic signals, plasma images, and LIBS spectra from an underwater plasma and compared the three external normalization strategies using acoustic signals, plasma images, and the acoustic-image combination.
Rapid and ultra-sensitive testosterone detection via aptamer-functional gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zou Dixin , Gu Yujia , Luo Dan , Yang Weijun , Gao Ruirui , Cao Xin , Dong Wei , Shi Hanghao , Zhao Haotian , Liu Chang
Published: December 2022

The capability to monitor doping in a rapid and sensitive manner is highly promising in the field of doping control.
Effects of Sound Quality on the Accuracy of Telephone Captions Produced by Automatic Speech Recognition: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Bochner Joseph , Indelicato Mark , Konnur Pralhad
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is commonly used to produce telephone captions to provide telecommunication access for individuals who are d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). However, little is known about the effects of degraded telephone audio on the intelligibility of ASR captioning. This research note investigates the accuracy of telephone captions produced by ASR under degraded audio conditions.

Method:

Packet loss, delay, and repetition are common sources of degradation in sound quality for telephone audio. Eleven sets of wideband filtered sentences were degraded by high and low levels of simulated packet loss, delay, and repetition. These sets, along with a clean set of sentences, were submitted to ASR, and the accuracy of the resulting output was evaluated using three metrics: a word recognition score, word error rate, and word information loss.

Results:

The resulting pattern of data indicated the relative impact of each degraded condition on message intelligibility. The high and low packet loss conditions had the largest effect on message intelligibility. This finding was interpreted to indicate that packet loss can have a substantial impact on the accuracy of telephone captions produced with ASR.

Conclusions:

The results of this investigation point to a potential area of improvement in service quality that could have a substantial impact on telecommunication services for consumers who are DHH. Further research in this area is needed to provide additional information concerning the scope and impact of packet loss on the accuracy of telephone captioning produced by ASR.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21699557
Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters
Authors: Strazzullo V. , Pannella M. , Mohr J. J. , Saro A. , Ashby M. L. N. , Bayliss M. B. , Canning R. E. A. , Floyd B. , Gonzalez A. H. , Khullar G. , Kim K. J. , McDonald M. , Reichardt C. L. , Sharon K. , Somboonpanyakul T.
Published: December 2022

We investigate structural properties of massive galaxy populations in the central regions (< 0.7 r500) of five very massive (M200 > 4 × 1014 M⊙), high-redshift (1.4 ≲ z ≲ 1.7) galaxy clusters from the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect (SPT-SZ) survey. We probe the connection between galaxy structure and broad stellar population properties at stellar masses of log(M/M⊙) > 10.85. We find that quiescent and star-forming cluster galaxy populations are largely dominated by bulge- and disk-dominated sources, respectively, with relative contributions being fully consistent with those of field counterparts. At the same time, the enhanced quiescent galaxy fraction observed in these clusters with respect to the coeval field is reflected in a significant morphology-density relation, with bulge-dominated galaxies already clearly dominating the massive galaxy population in these clusters at z ∼ 1.5. At face value, these observations show no significant environmental signatures in the correlation between broad structural and stellar population properties. In particular, the Sersic index and axis ratio distribution of massive, quiescent sources are consistent with field counterparts, in spite of the enhanced quiescent galaxy fraction in clusters. This consistency suggests a tight connection between quenching and structural evolution towards a bulge-dominated morphology, at least in the probed cluster regions and galaxy stellar mass range, irrespective of environment-related processes affecting star formation in cluster galaxies. We also probe the stellar mass–size relation of cluster galaxies, and find that star-forming and quiescent sources populate the mass–size plane in a manner largely similar to their field counterparts, with no evidence of a significant size difference for any probed sub-population. In particular, both quiescent and bulge-dominated cluster galaxies have average sizes at fixed stellar mass consistent with their counterparts in the field.
Biologische Mineralisation vs. Pathologische Kalzifizierung –
die Rolle des Mineral-Chaperons Fetuin-A
Authors: Winkler Camilla , Hasberg Christian , Jahnen-Dechent Willi
Published: December 2022

Die Mineralien Kalzium und Phosphat sind für den Zellstoffwechsel aller
lebenden Organismen unverzichtbar. Beide Ionen kommen in biologischen
Flüssigkeiten normalerweise in millimolaren Konzentrationen vor. Dies
führt zu einem Löslichkeits- und Transportproblem, da
Kalziumphosphate in Wasser kaum löslich sind und leicht aus
übersättigten Lösungen ausfallen. Mineral-Chaperone
stabilisieren Mineral als Kolloid und ermöglichen so den Transport und
die Clearance nominell übersättigter Mineral-Lösungen.
Am Beispiel des Plasmaproteins Fetuin-A erklären wir die Rolle
systemischer Mineral-Chaperone, insbesondere bei gestörtem
Mineralstoffwechsel. Wir beschreiben den Stoffwechsel kolloidaler
Protein-Mineralkomplexen, die in Anlehnung an Lipoprotein-Partikel
Calciprotein-Partikel, kurz CPP genannt werden. Wir behandeln die Rolle von CPP
bei der physiologischen Knochenbildung und der pathologischen Kalzifizierung.
Wir nennen wesentliche Regulatoren von Ossifizierung und Kalzifizierung auf
Ebene der Gene, Proteine und Metaboliten. Zuletzt erörtern wir
mögliche Therapien von Kalzifizierung anhand eines hierarchischen
Modells von mineralinduziertem Stress.
West-Nil-Virus-Infektion bei 12 Pferden in Mitteldeutschland
Authors: Lohmann Katharina Luise , Sieg Michael , Landmann Maria , Ganzenberg Stefanie , Arnold Corinna , Vahlenkamp Thomas , Ulrich Reiner Georg
Published: December 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Die Vorstellungsgründe, klinische Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Ergebnis der Therapie von 12 Pferden mit klinisch apparenter West-Nil-Virus (WNV)-Infektion werden beschrieben.

Material und Methoden Fallserie

Ergebnisse Die adulten Pferde (Alter 6–18 Jahre, 7 Stuten, 5 Wallache) aus Sachsen oder Sachsen-Anhalt wurden zwischen September 2018 und September 2020 mit unterschiedlichen Vorberichten vorgestellt. Alle Pferde wurden im August oder September vorgestellt und keines der Pferde war gegen das WNV geimpft. Fieber war das häufigste Allgemeinsymptom und trat bei 8/12 Pferden auf. An neurologischen Symptomen traten Muskelfaszikulationen (11/12 Pferde), Ataxie (8/12 Pferde) sowie Hyperästhesie und Kopfschiefhaltung (je 6/12 Pferde) am häufigsten auf. Bei allen Pferden wurde die Infektion mittels Nachweises von IgM sowie neutralisierenden Antikörpern gegen das WNV diagnostiziert, zwei euthanasierte Pferde waren zudem PCR-positiv. Die symptomatische Therapie beinhaltete vor allem nicht-steroidale Antiphlogistika oder Dexamethason sowie Infusionstherapie. Die Dauer des Klinikaufenthaltes betrug im Durchschnitt 7,5 Tage. Sieben Pferde erholten sich laut Besitzerangaben vollständig, für 2 Pferde war keine Information erhältlich.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die WNV-Enzephalomyelitis muss in Mitteldeutschland seit 2018 als Differentialdiagnose von im Sommer und Spätsommer auftretenden akuten neurologischen Erkrankungen ungeimpfter Pferdes in Betracht gezogen werden. Die beschriebenen Symptome sowie das Ergebnis der Therapie sind weitgehend deckungsgleich mit Berichten aus Nordamerika und anderen europäischen Ländern.