bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effets du tourteau des graines de Balanites aegyptiaca sur la consommation alimentaire et les performances zootechniques des cabris roux de Maradi
Authors: Akourki Adamou , Sodo Daka Abdoul Rachidou , Idrissa Sidikou Djibo , Chaïbou Issa
Published: October 2020

L’extraction d’huile contenue dans les amandes de Balanites aegyptiaca est un procédé industriel agroalimentaire qui ne cesse de se développer en Afrique sahélien mais qui génère à la fois une importante quantité de sous-produit tourteau, résultant souvent un encombrement pour les industries. Dans le cadre de la valorisation dudit sous-produit, le présent travail visait à évaluer les effets de l’incorporation du tourteau de Balanites aegyptiaca dans la ration sur les performances zootechniques des cabris roux de Maradi. Il a porté sur 12 cabris de race rousse de Maradi, âgés en moyenne de 7,5±0,5 mois, répartis en deux lots de 6 cabris chacun : un lot expérimental comprenant les cabris recevant une ration complémentée en tourteau de Balanites aegyptiaca (E) et un lot témoin constitué des cabris (T) nourris à base de l’alimentation communément distribuée aux chèvres dans la région de Maradi. Les paramètres suivis étaient entre autres : la quantité d’aliments ingérés, le gain de poids et le rendement après abattage. Les moyennes des quantités d’aliments ingérés et les gains moyens quotidiens étaient respectivement de 384,10±44,31 g et 18,90±12,60 g pour le lot E, et de 349,61±89 g et de 10,74±11,99 g pour le lot T. Les p values correspondantes étaient de 0,000 et 0,001, respectivement pour la quantité d’aliment ingérée et le gain de poids. Quant aux rendements carcasse et peau, ils étaient respectivement, de 43,18±0,74% et 8,22±1,57% pour le lot E et de 36,36±4,42% et 7,07±1,09% pour le lot T sans différence significative entre les lots (p>0,05). Cette expérience montre que le tourteau des graines de Balanites aegyptiaca n’a pas permis d’améliorer les rendements des cabris, il peut toutefois être utilisé par les éleveurs sahéliens pour augmenter la qualité de la ration en association avec la paille naturelle distribuée régulièrement aux animaux pendant la période sèche. Par ailleurs, une étude portant sur différentes concentrations de tourteau de Balanites aegyptiaca permettra sans doute d’optimiser le taux dudit tourteau dans la ration alimentaire des petits ruminants.Mots clés : Cabris roux de Maradi, performances zootechniques, tourteau, Balanites aegyptiaca et aliment bétail.
Valorisation de la lisière forêt-savane : régénération naturelle de la forêt dans la formation herbacée - stratification des plantes de la forêt à Bombo Lumene
Authors: Makumbelo E. , Lukoki L. , Belesi K. , Lungiambudila O. , Lejoly J.
Published: October 2020

L’analyse de la stratification des plantes à la lisière forêt-savane à Bombo Lumene atteste la régénération naturelle de la forêt dans la formation herbacée. Les résultats des inventaires floristiques menés dans un échantillon objectif des 60 placettes de différentes dimensions révèlent la conquête, la présence des préexistants et la croissance des plantes qui sont des processus fondamentaux de la dynamique de la régénération naturelle de la forêt dans la formation herbacée. Cinquante-quatre pour cent des 57 espèces recensées dans la formation herbacée sont d’origine forestière. Cinquante pour cent d’individus de ces dernières sont trouvés en forme herbacée et trente-trois pour cent en forme sous-arbustive. Ce qui est une preuve de la régénération naturelle de la forêt dans ces habitats qui mérite d’être soutenue au regard du changement climatique qui résulte de la dégradation actuelle de l’environnement.Mots clés: Présence, forêt, habitats herbacés, Bombo Lumene. English Title: Enhancement of the forest-savannah edge: natural regeneration of the forest in the herbaceous formation - stratification of forest plants in Bombo LumeneThe analysis of the stratification of plants at the forest-savannah edge at Bombo Lumene attests to the natural regeneration of the forest in the herbaceous formation. Results of floristic inventory drawn up in an objective sample in permanent plots of different dimensions reveal conquest,  presence of preexisting and growth of plants that are fundamental process of dynamic of natural regeneration of forest in herbaceous formation. Fifty four per cent of 57 species listed in grass formation are forest origin. Fifty per cent individuals of the latter are herbaceous and thirty three per cent are sub-shrubbery. It is a proof of natural regeneration of forest in these settlements that deserve to be sustained with regard to the loading of climate result current environment degradation.Keywords: Presence, forest, settlements, grass formation.
Mercure: sources d’émission, toxicité, contamination du milieu aquatique et particularité du Benin
Authors: Degila Hermione W. , Azon N.B. Nadia , Adounkpe Julien G. , Akowanou A.V. Onésime , Aïna Martin P.
Published: October 2020

La prise de conscience collective du pouvoir létal du mercure suite aux intoxications massives au Japon et en Irak ont conduit à l’adoption de la convention de Minamata sur le mercure que le Bénin a signé et ratifié. Le présent article fait la synthèse des connaissances sur son émission, sa toxicité en milieu aquatique avec un accent sur la contamination aquatique au Bénin. Pour y parvenir, des publications scientifiques et les archives des ministères de l’environnement et de la santé au Bénin ont été consultées. Il ressort que, la production artisanale à petite échelle de l’or et la combustion de charbon constituent les principales sources d’émission de mercure dans le monde avec respectivement 37,1% et 24,2% des émissions anthropiques. Au Bénin, les piles contenant du mercure (49%) l’orpaillage artisanal (22%) et les dépôts informels de déchets généraux (13%) sont les principales sources potentielles d’émission anthropique. Les régions actuellement les plus émettrices de mercure sont l’Asie et l’Afrique sub-saharienne avec respectivement 50% et 16,8% des émissions anthropiques. La formation du méthylmercure en milieu aquatique sous l’influence de divers facteurs et sa bioaccumulation sont principalement responsable des effets toxiques sur l’homme.Mots clés : Environnement, pollution, mercure, méthyl mercure, milieu aquatique, toxicité.English Title: Mercury: sources of emission, toxicity, contamination of aquatic environment and particularity of Benin republic.The massive mercury poisoning that has occurred in Japan and Iraq has led to a global awareness of the lethal power of this metal with the adoption by the international community of the Minamata Convention signed and ratified by Benin Republic. This article aims to synthesize knowledge on mercury through its emission sources, its toxicity with a focus on aquatic contamination in Benin. Thus, a review of scientific publications as well as the consultation of the archives of the Ministries of Environment and Health in Benin were carried out. Analyses of the various documents show that artisanal small-scale gold production and coal combustion are the main sources of mercury emission worldwide, with respectively 37.1% and 24.2% of anthropogenic emissions. Asia and sub-Saharan Africa would be the largest contributors to anthropogenic emissions with respectively 50% and 16.8%. In Benin, the main potential sources of anthropogenic emissions are mercury containing batteries (49%), followed by artisanal gold panning (22%) and informal deposits of general waste (13%). With regard to the behavior of mercury in the aquatic environment and its toxicity, it appears that methyl mercury is mainly responsible for toxic effects.Keywords: Environment, pollution, mercury, methyl mercury, aquatic environment, toxicity Bénin.
Evaluation de l’activité antipyrétique, analgésique et anti-inflammatoire de l’extrait méthanolique de Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T. Durand
Authors: Okombe Embeya Victor , Nzuzi Mavungu Gaël
Published: October 2020

En République Démocratique du Congo, Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T. Durand (Lamiaceae) est une plante médicinale largement utilisée dans le traitement des pathologies à composante inflammatoire. La présente étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer les activités antipyrétique, analgésique et anti-inflammatoire de l’extrait méthanolique de la poudre d’écorce de racine de cette espèce sur des modèles de pyrexie, algésie et  inflammation induites chez les cobayes. L’étude a concerné 24 cobayes de deux sexes répartis en quatre lots de 6 animaux : un lot témoin positif traité avec du diclofenac en intrapéritonéale, un lot témoin négatif ayant reçu soit de l’eau distillée per os soit du sérum physiologique en  intrapéritonéale ainsi que deux lots ayant respectivement reçu 100 mg et 300 mg de l’extrait méthanolique de la poudre d’écorce de racines de V. congolensis par kg de poids corporel par voie orale. Les deux doses (100 et 300 mg) de l’extrait méthanolique préviennent de façon significative, le processus inflammatoire comparativement aux lots standard (médicaments de références) et contrôle négatif (eau distillée/sérum physiologique). L’étude a montré que l’extrait méthanolique d’écorces de racine de V. congolensis pourrait être une source potentielle des nouveaux  médicaments anti-inflammatoires.Mots clés: antipyrétique, analgésique, anti-inflammatoire, extrait  méthanolique, Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T. Durand. English Title: Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T. DurandIn the Democratic Republic of Congo, Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T. Durand (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of pathologies with an inflammatory component. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of the powder of this species on models of pyrexia, algesia and inflammation induced in guinea pigs. The study concerned 24 guinea pigs of both sexes divided into 4 lots of six animals each : a positive control group treated with diclofenac intraperitoneally, a negative control group that received either oral or intraperitoneal (distilled water / physiological saline) ; and two groups respectively receiving 100 mg and 300 mg of the methanolic extract of the root bark powder of V. congolensis per kg of body weight orally. The two doses (100 and 300 mg) of the methanolic extract significantly prevent the inflammatory process compared to standard batches (reference drugs) and negative control (distilled water / physiological saline). The study showed that the methanolic extract of V. congolensis root bark could be a potential source of new anti-inflammatory drugs.Keywords: antipyretic; analgesic, anti-inflammatory, methanolic crude, Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T.Durand.
Trends in Development Activities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Madukwe Michael C. , Dimelu Mabel U.
Published: October 2020

The study examined trends in development activities of the Anambra State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development between 1991 and 2013. The study identified the trends in policy and programme initiation, staff recruitment and development, and funding, in the ministry. It employed secondary data through records, documents and annual reports. Results show variation in the percentages of programme initiated and implemented within each year between 1991 and 2013. The ministry did not participate in formulating policies in 46% of the programmes implemented in the state. However, 46% of all the programmes initiated had been concluded, while 54% of all the programmes initiated in the state are still active. The results showed that a total of 403 staff were recruited within the period into the various departments, with the highest number of recruitment (252) occurring between 1991-and 1995 and the least (22) took place from 2006 to 2010. The majority (91) of staff recruited had the ordinary national diploma (OND) and only 30 and 3 persons had the bachelor of science and doctor of philosophy, respectively. The trend in the funding pattern dwindled over time. Out of the five listed human capacity building programmes, staff trainings were organised only between 1991-1995 and 1996-2000). There is need for a change in government commitment to agriculture in the area of funding, human resource and policy as these are key drivers of development. Government should increase the proportion of manpower and create adequate opportunity for training and development of staff of the ministry.

Keywords: Policy and programmes of the ministry of agriculture, funding of ministry of agriculture, staff recruitment and capacity building.
Strategic planning approach to the development of contract farming in the Egyptian sugar industry
Authors: Kassem Hazem S. , Alotaibi Bader Alhafi , Bagadeem Salim
Published: October 2020

The strategies required to develop contract farming in the Egyptian sugar industry were examined by applying the Strength-Weakness-OpportunitiesThreats (SWOT) approach in combination with an analytic hierarchy process. Data were collected from sugar beet farmers, extension workers, experts, and employees of the Dakhalia Sugar and Refining Company in Egypt. Market risk has the highest overall priority score among the strengths. Noncommitment of farmers to harvest time received the highest overall priority score among the weaknesses, while valorization of sugar industry wastes had the highest overall priority score among the opportunities, and accumulation of large reserves of sugar at the factory was perceived as the most important threat to the sugar industry. These findings can be used to formulate strategies based on current situation analysis and create suitable conditions for successful contract farming in the sugar sector.

Keywords: strategies; SWOT-AHP; contract farming; sugar industry; Egypt
The Rohingya Refugee Crisis of Myanmar: A History of Persecution and Human Rights Violations
Authors: Faisal MD Mostafa
Published: October 2020

The United Nations refers to Rohingya as one of the most persecuted ethnic minorities in the world, and this minority community from the Arakan state of Myanmar crossing by land into Bangladesh, while others take to the sea to reach Malaysia, Indonesia, India and Thailand to escape from persecution. They first arrived in the Arakan on 8th century and ruled this area from 1430 AD to 1784 AD. Rohingya Muslims, along with Burmese Muslims and Buddhists together participated in their Independence movement, participated in the national election and elected as parliament member. But all the achievements and collaboration became failed after a few years later of independence. This study aims to find out the origin and historical background of Rohingya Muslim and chronological state persecution against them. This paper concludes that Rohingya are not illegal settler and their presence in Rakhine state of before the arrival of Mongolian and Tibeti Burmans. After the independence, they are victims of numerous types of oppression, such as denied citizenship, excessive taxation, confiscation of property, mosque destruction, torture, extrajudicial killing, restrictions on freedom of movement and marriage, forced deportation, destruction of houses and villages.
Mental Health Status of Nepalese Students during Novel Coronavirus Disease (nCOVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Karmacharya Isha , Shrestha Shital , Paudel Sachina , Adhikari Laxmi , Bhujel Kshitiz , Shakya Karuna Laxmi
Published: October 2020

Background: Since the wave of COVID-19, human life has highly been affected due to government endorsement of containment measures to control the disease. Education system has been held back and students are one of those who are greatly affected. Thus, this study attempts to find out the mental health status of Nepalese students during novel coronavirus Disease (nCOVID-19) pandemic.

Methodology: A web-based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from 9 May to 29 May 2020 among students of Nepal aged 18 years and above. A structured questionnaire was adopted from DASS-21. The obtained data were entered in Epidata v.3.1. and were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive frequency, percent and mean were calculated, and chi-square test was performed for bivariate analysis.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 21.4±2.7 years. This study found optimal mental health status among Nepalese students. Perceived family relationship however, showed statistical significance in all three mental health parameters (p<0.001); depression, anxiety and stress. Depression was found to be comparatively more in females (p<0.05), and those who held Bachelor’s and above degrees have shown presence of anxiety (p<0.05) and stress (p<0.05) relatively than those holding below degrees.

Conclusion: Optimal mental health status among Nepalese students was found during the nationwide lockdown. Perceived family relationship however, showed statistical significance in all three mental health parameters. This is a wake-up call for education system to focus on socio-emotional skills – empathy and solidarity in easing this pandemic crisis confronted by young learners and their families.
PEGANGAN TERHADAP KEFAHAMAN AL-SALAF AL-SOLEH DALAM MEMAHAMI AGAMA
Authors: Bin Basir Aminudin , Alias Jamsari , Umar Azizi
Published: October 2020

Memahami al-Quran dan al-Sunnah sebagai sumber akidah dan syariah adalah satu kemestian ke atas setiap mukmin. Individu yang paling memahami isi kandungan al-Quran dan al-Sunnah adalah Baginda Rasulullah SAW. Dikuti oleh generasi para sahabat dan seterusnya para tabiin dan tabi’ al-Tabiin. Generasi tersebut berada di dalam sebaik-baik kurun dari sudut suasana kefahaman dan penghayatan agama. Justeru, memahami agama sumber agama ini menurut kefahaman al-Salaf al-Soleh adalah satu tuntutan serta sebagai syarat bagi menjamin kefahaman yang benar. Persoalannya, sejauhmanakah anjuran al-Quran dan al-Sunnah untuk menurut jejak langkah al-Salaf bagi memahami sumber agama ini? bagaimanakah pula kedudukan institusi al-Salaf bagi memahami agama. Bagi menjawab persoalan-persoalan ini maka metode kajian kualitatif menerusi analisis dokumen dijalankan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat perintah dari al-Quran agar menjadikan golongan al-Salaf sebagai rujukan utama bagi memahami sumber agama ini. Hasil kajian juga membuktikan bahawa golongan al-Salaf mempunyai kedudukan tersendiri yang unggul sebagai satu institusi dalam memahami agama.
ضوابط وآداب اعتبار مخالفة الواحد للإجماع: جواز رمي الجمرات قبل الزوال نموذجًا دراسة تحليلية مقاصدية
Authors: عبد الشافي محمد محمد عبد الفتاح , بوهده غالية , الصيفي حسام الدين
Published: October 2020

تناول هذا البحث مسألة هامة من مسائل الإجماع؛ وهي مدى اعتبار مخالفة الواحد للإجماع، فهذه المسألة اختلف فيها العلماء على عدة آراء، فكان رأي الجمهور هو اعتبار مخالفة الواحد للإجماع بضوابط محددة، فرأى الباحث أن يُشر إليها بمزيد من البيان، موضحًا أهم آداب هذه المخالفة. ثم قام الباحث ببيان ثمرة الخلاف الأصولي في مسألة مشروعية رمي الجمرات قبل الزوال، وبيَّن كيفية تطبيق هذه المسألة فيها. وتنبع أهمية هذا البحث في الاهتمام بآراء بعض المنفردين التى اُعتبرت شاذة في عصر ما، وقد تصلح للاعتبار في عصور وظروف أخري، كذلك من ضرورة الاحتراز عن إطلاق وصف الإجماع على مسائل مختلف فيها، وكنتيجة لاستثمار الخلاف الأصولي في مسألة رمي الجمرات قبل الزوال لما فيها من مراعاة مقصد حفظ النفس. واتبع الباحثُ المنهجين الاستقرائي بجمع المادة العلمية من مصادرها، ثم المنهج التحليلي بتحليلها، ومحاولة استنتاج نتيجة، وهي ضوابط اعتبار مخالفة الواحد للإجماع، كذلك تحليل آراء العلماء في مسألة رمي الجمرات قبل الزوال وتخريجها على مسألة اعتبار خلاف الواحد للإجماع، والوصول إلى الرأى الراجح. وأهم ما توصل إليه الباحثُ هو اعتبار خلاف الواحد للإجماع بضوابط محددة، وإمكانية الجمع بين القولين، فيكون رمي الجمرات بعد الزوال أولى بالاتباع، مع جواز الرمي قبل الزوال أخذًا برأي الأقل لما فيه من رفع المشقة والتيسير على الحجاج. وأهم ما يوصي به الباحث هو إعادة النظر في مسائل كثيرة حُكى فيها الإجماع ولها مخالف قد يعتبر رأيه في زمان ومكان آخرين، كذلك عدم الإنكار على من اتبع برأى جواز الرمي قبل الزوال.
Frequency of port-site infection in children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis
Authors: Khan Muhammad Javed , Khan Jehangir , Shah Amjid Ali , Uzair Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy is being practiced throughout the world for the treatment of acute appendicitis in children and adults. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of port sites infection in children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy at our institution.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Pediatric Surgery Unit of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2014 to Jan 2015. All the patients with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis underwent a three-port laparoscopic appendectomy. Port-site infection was noted postoperatively.
Results: Total number of patients in this study was 207 including 138 males (66.70%) and 69 (33.3%) females (M:F 2:1). The age ranged from 6 to 14 years, with mean age of 11 years ±2.096. The overall complications occurred in 39 (18.84%) patients. The port-site infection occurred in 33 (16%) patients. Port-site infection involved only the umbilical port sites and was superficial. Port-site infection was managed conservatively without any sequelae.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe technique in children with port-site infection rate of 16%. There is no morbidity as all the port-site infections occurred at umbilical port-site were superficial thus managed conservatively.
Manchester of Talent Acquisition In-House Recruitment & Talent Pipeline
Authors: A Ms. Esther Zionia. , J Dr. Sathyapriya.
Published: October 2020

In this ultra-modern world, everything has become modernized. Every sector has been updated including the IT sector, Education sector, and Non-IT sectors as well. Moreover, every employee in these sectors gets updated in their domain areas. However, most of the employees have become top-notch techno-geek and those employees choose the employer to work with. It is indispensable to create an attractive talent acquisition strategy to attract the righteous talented employee to get hired in an organization. There are so many talent acquisition methods like topnotch employer branding, intrapreneurship, in-house recruiting, talent pipeline, etc. This conceptual study intends to uncover the talent acquisition strategy such as inhouse recruiting and talent pipeline. Also, attempts to unearth the truth behind acquiring talent resources through in-house recruiting and talent pipeline. Furthermore, steps to set-up in-house recruiting, reasons to adopt in-house recruiting, possible ways to build a talent pipeline in an organization, and benefits of using talent pipeline in a process of talent acquisition.
Land Use and Land Cover Spatial Distribution in Pondicherry Coastal Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques with Special Reference to Aquaculture Development
Authors: Devi Dr. I. Raja Rajasri Pramila
Published: October 2020

The remote sensing with GIS plays a major role in land use land cover changes. The satellite imageries of IRS 1C LISS III (1998), IRS 1D LISS III (2000) and P6 (2008 & 2014) have been used for land use and land cover map preparation. The change detection study has been carried out in a GIS environment. The results observed through many research studies have showed agriculture land was reduced from 10,968 ha to 6214.24 ha due to rapid industrialization and settlements. Pondicherry having a coastal line of 45 km also has had significant potential in fisheries. Interestingly out of 800 ha of potential fisheries area, only 138 ha of aquaculture land is utilized. Hence, commercial aquaculture can be encouraged in this area, as it should not affect the other area. It is a good economic source for local people. Moreover, the socio-economic impacts on vegetation, with settlement, plantation, aquaculture, agriculture, fallow lands and marshy lands have also been identified. The present study will be useful for policy makers towards further development and management.
Appraisal of Determinants of Real Exchange Rate Alignment in Kenya
Authors:   Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance, School of Business, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, Kipyatich Evans Kipchumba
Published: October 2020

Real exchange rate is an important indicator of competitiveness in the foreign trade of a country. Any changes in real exchange rates would therefore lead to fluctuations in capital flows. It is therefore important to align real exchange rates within the equilibrium levels to avoid negative consequences on the economy. This study sought to understand the determinants of real exchange rate alignment in Kenya using annual data from 1988 to 2019 using Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) model. The study estimated the long run and short run dynamics of real exchange rate alignment in Kenya. The ARDL bounds test confirmed that a long run relationship exists between real exchange rate and the explanatory variables. Real exchange rate was the dependent variable while the explanatory variables were external public debt, government expenditure, interest rate differentials and productivity differentials. The results revealed that external public debt, government expenditure and productivity differentials are significant determinants of real exchange rate alignment. Interest rate differential was found to be not significant. The Error Correction Model was found to be significant and having the right (negative) sign. This shows that Kenya’s real exchange rate adjusts to the long run equilibrium as a response short run shocks of previous periods. The speed of adjustment was found to be 86 percent per year. Both the long run and error correction models were found to be stable as per the CUSUM and CUSUMQ tests. The models also passed all the diagnostic tests including serial correlation, normality, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity.
CONFLUÊNCIAS E PLURIPOTENCIALIDADES DAS RELIGIÕES AFRO-BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Santos Vanessa Silva dos , Seidel Roberto Henrique
Published: October 2020

Partindo dos conceitos de confluência e pluripotência, tratados por Antônio Bispo dos Santos, na obra Colonização, quilombos: modos e significações (2015), explicitamos diferentes modos de existir e resistir das religiões afro-brasileiras em território diaspórico. Por meio dos exemplos das manifestações religiosas do terecô, da cidade de Codó, no Maranhão, e do jarê, da Chapada Diamantina, na Bahia, argumentamos em favor da pluripotencialidade e do bem viver em confluência com a natureza e as relações estabelecidas com os seres intangíveis enquanto dispositivos dessas comunidades em sua continuidade e salvaguarda. Com isso, pretendemos demonstrar aos leitores como a plasticidade dessas religiosidades não apenas colabora historicamente para a sua continuidade, mas também lhes confere a possibilidade de constante transformação, no sentido de sua repotencialização por intermédio da heterogoneidade de confluências.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Confluência. Pluripotência. Religiões afro-brasileiras. Jarê. Terecô.
O QUESTIONAMENTO DO EXIBICIONISMO MACHISTA NA OBRA DE ELVIRA VIGNA
Authors: Barberena Ricardo Araújo , Schmidt Ana Carolina
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho encarrega-se de vislumbrar a representação das mulheres, principalmente as personagens que exercem trabalho sexual, na obra de Elvira Vigna, Como se estivéssemos em palimpsesto de putas (2016). A narrativa expõe a perspectiva machista que persegue as mulheres em geral e apresenta uma série de estigmas para então derrubá-los com os questionamentos de uma aguçada narradora. Homi Bhabha estabelece que o estereótipo é uma cadeia contínua de outros estereótipos, tal conceito norteará a análise, posto que trataremos dos aspectos que compõem a representação das personagens. Ainda sobre as ferramentas de opressão abordaremos as palavras Pierre Bourdieu sobre violência simbólica, assim como elucidaremos acerca de identidade e representação com o amparo de Regina Dalcastagné e Stuart Hall. Debruçando-nos sobre o texto ficcional apontaremos a visão falocêntrica que surge para ser problematizada ou até mesmo ridicularizada, expondo assim o exibicionismo machista.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mulher. Estereótipo. Subjetividade.
A SOCIEDADE DO CANSAÇO NA PAULICEIA DE LUCIANA TONELLI
Authors: Laranjeira Antonio Eduardo Soares
Published: October 2020

Flagrantes do tempo: poema-reportagem na pauliceia, de Luciana Tonelli, pode ser considerado como um conjunto de poemas que, apesar das singularidades, compõem uma unidade, nomeada pela poeta “poema-reportagem”. Lido como um percurso por São Paulo, o livro expõe, pelo olhar do sujeito lírico voyeur, o cotidiano urbano capitalista, em que o tempo é fragmentado e, ora os indivíduos estão submetidos à voracidade e à velocidade das horas, ora ao tempo que permite a deriva do olhar. Neste trabalho, pretende-se, a partir de poemas selecionados, refletir sobre como a configuração da urbe capitalista contemporânea limita as vidas dos cidadãos, dando forma ao que Byung-Chul Han denomina sociedade do cansaço. Por uma abordagem transdisciplinar dos estudos literários, busca-se perceber na lírica de Luciana Tonelli como o sujeito urbano é representado em sua exaustão, bem como em condições favoráveis para a reinvenção de suas vidas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Luciana Tonelli. Sociedade do cansaço. Sujeito lírico voyeur.
CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECTS: THEORY MEETS PRACTICE
Authors: Echempati Raghu
Published: October 2020

This paper describes one example of an adjustable gooseneck trailer hitch assembly that was assigned as a senior capstone design project course at Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, USA to carry out their work from concept to testing phases of a real prototype – in short, following “Theory meets practice” concept. Typically at most other engineering colleges, students complete their capstone projects in one year, while at Kettering University, the students complete their capstone courses in one academic term that lasts only about 11 weeks. Using math and advanced Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools for analysis is expected. Three different groups of students enrolled in three separate courses over 3 academic terms developed two different trailer hitch devices. The first gooseneck hitch system briefly described here was the effort of a group of four students of the capstone course. They designed a manually adjustable device. However, due to time constraints, their fabricated device ended up being a rigid frame. These students carried out all the different tasks of the project more or less equitably. The second trailer hitch system described in this paper was the effort of a single student of the capstone course who designed and fabricated a compliant (adjustable) hitch system. However, due to time constraints, detailed finite element analysis (FEA) or testing of the device could not be done. A third group of two students enrolled in Applied Finite Element Analysis course in another academic term chose the compliant hitch design carried by the single student for their final class project, and attempted analysis by MatLab and FEA. Preliminary results obtained for both of these gooseneck trailer hitch systems are presented and discussed briefly in the paper. Majority of the capstone course projects carried out at Kettering University represent uniqueness in terms of completing them in one academic term.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF MHD CONVECTIVE NANOFLUID FLOWS WITHIN A CORRUGATED TRAPEZOIDAL ENCLOSURE
Authors: Job Victor , Rao Gunakala Sreedhara , Murthy P.V.S.N. , Selvam R. Panneer
Published: October 2020

We consider the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flows of alumina (Al2O3)-water and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-water nanofluids within a symmetrical corrugated trapezoidal enclosure with the effects of viscous and Joule dissipations. In this study, the corrugated bottom wall is isothermally heated, whereas the top wall is thermally insulated. The temperature of the side walls is fixed at the initial nanofluid temperature within the enclosure. We solve the governing equations for velocity and temperature, along with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions, using the polynomial pressure projection stabilized (PPPS) finite element method. The effects of sidewall inclination angle and Eckert number on nanofluid flow and convective heat transfer within the corrugated enclosure are examined. The results obtained from this study are important in various fields of engineering and technology, such as the design and manufacture of efficient heat exchangers and the cooling of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) using nanofluids.
A TIME STUDY OF THE PASTELLE MAKING PROCESS: AN INVESTIGATION AIMED AT REDUCING LABOUR AND TIME
Authors: Gajadhar Jeselle , Ramkhalawan Aneil , Bisnath Jorrel
Published: October 2020

Pastelles are a seasonal staple enjoyed primarily at Christmas time by Trinidadians. At present, pastelle production is limited to home cooks for personal consumption and/or low volume sales (output of 6 to 20 dozens based on demand) as well as established catering companies whose output goes up to the hundreds of dozens. Regardless of the production scale, pastelle making has been a manual process involving long hours and laborious repetitive tasks to achieve the output. The ultimate goal is to design, build and test a prototype to assist pastelle producers with their output. For this project, a time study of the processes involved was conducted by timing a few different pastelle makers to identify the average time taken for the various processes involved. From this study, it was determined that a powered press would assist the pastelle maker by reducing their effort and increase their consistency of the pressed dough. The mechanized pastelle press was created with a folding plate. User testing showed that the production time of pastelles increased, but there was a decrease in the energy input on pastelle makers. Hence, they could have made more pastelles by using the mechanism by reducing their energy input to manually press the dough. The folding plate also increased the folding time required to seal the pastelle. The results also showed that the production time reduced for two users, as their user time increased with the mechanized pastelle press. Hence, as their learning curve increased with the machine their production time reduced.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PAR DEVICE FOR HYDROGEN RECOMBINATION IN REKO-4 FACILITY
Authors: KAHRAMAN Mahmut , STEFFEN Paul
Published: October 2020

The Fukushima accident has proved that passive safety systems in reactors are necessary to avoid hydrogen accumulation. One of these systems are PAR (passive autocatalytic recombiner) to remove the hydrogen gases inside the containment in case of an accident. This paper aims to investigate a PAR device with catalyst sheets to calculate the hydrogen consumption, determine the temperature distribution, and PAR performance in the test facility. Test series were carried out in the test facility REKO-4 under atmospheric pressure and natural flow conditions. For the test purposes, hydrogen between 2.0 and 6.0 vol.% was injected into the vessel with the volumetric flow, 1.9 m3/h. The first rise in the temperature of the PAR inlet was found after 100 seconds of first hydrogen injection, this result demonstrated that hydrogen consumption started. The results from the test series show that the PAR device can remove hydrogen and the PAR performance can be determined from the test results.
CHALLENGES PARENTS FACE IN LEARNING KENYAN SIGN LANGUAGE: HEARING PARENTS OF DEAF CHILDREN’S PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Luchivya Rosemary Ogada , Omolo Tom Mboya , Onditi Sharon Anyango
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the challenges faced in learning Kenyan sign language from the perspective of hearing parents of deaf learners.  

Methodology: This study employed case study design, qualitative research approach adopting the interpretive paradigm.  The study adopted purposive sampling technique to come up with a study sample of 177 informants. Data was collected using interview schedules, Focus Group Discussion guides and Document analysis guide. Qualitative data was transcribed, coded and organized into themes and reported.

Findings: Results revealed that parents had three major challenges in learning Kenyan sign language: that Kenyan sign language was too difficult to learn, it was too costly to learn and that the institutions for parents to learn in were not readily available.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The recommendations of this study were that; hearing parents of children with hearing impairments be given support in the process of learning Kenyan sign language and that parents should make deliberate efforts to learn Kenyan sign language and other modes of communication in order to communicate with their children with hearing impairments.
Towards Need based Teacher Development Programme
Authors: Parasurama Kothakota
Published: October 2020

English Language has been taught as a second language in a multilingual situation in India where a three language formula is in practice as language policy of the country. The other two languages are the regional language and Hindi the assumed national language. English language teaching begins at different levels in the different states of India. In states like Andhra Pradesh it begins from class1. To develop proficient users of this language has been the ultimate objective of teaching it at the school and collegiate levels. To develop the same, the need of the hour as it has been is the development of a cadre of facilitators of language learning whose abilities need to be of a high order and are equipped with a set of core and soft skills and with craft knowledge required for an effective transaction of the prescribed content and thus realize the desired curricular objectives. Besides, the teacher of English in the changing scenario has to be a willing co participant in the language learning process. In this background this paper attempts to identify those skills required of the practicing teacher and the need for having an alternative need based curriculum at the teacher training programme levels with special reference to in service teacher training programmes.
A REVIEW OF PATTERN OF HEAD AND NECK MALIGNANCIES SEEN IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA BETWEEN 2005 and 2010
Authors: M Abdullahi , SM Sahabi , KR Iseh , SB Amutta , D Aliyu
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers have a global burden and are more burdensome especially in the developing countries where risk factors, late presentation and low socioeconomic status still predominate. OBJECTIVE To determine any change in the pattern of head and neck cancers in the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto after 5 years. METHOD This is a retrospective five year study (2005-2010) of 146 histologically diagnosed head and neck cancers from the registers of the department of histopathology. RESULTS One hundred and forty six head and neck cancer patients were studied representing 18.6% of the total number of 787 histologically diagnosed malignancies during the study period (2005-2010). There were 93 males (63.7%) and 53 female (36.3%). The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The ages of patients ranged from3-89 years with the mean age of 41.6 ± 20.5 years. The highest number of patients was seen in the th 5 decade (21.2%) of life. There were 112(76.7%) carcinomas, 20(13.7%) lymphomas, 5(3.4%) sarcomas and 9(6.2%) blastomas. Seventy cases (47.9%) were head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sinonasal carcinoma 24(16.4%) was the commonest Head and neck cancer. Retinoblastoma 5(3.4%) was the commonest childhood head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION There was no significant change in the pattern of the head and neck cancers (P > 0.05). Sinonasal cancinoma was the commonest head and neck malignant tumour. Head and cancers still remains a challenge in this region.
TRACHEOSTOMY IN SOKOTO, NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA: A TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE.
Authors: D Aliyu , KR Iseh , M AbdullahI , SB Amutta , SS Yikawe
Published: October 2020

Background: Tracheostomy is an important life saving surgical procedure in airway management though often hazardous in emergency setting. Currently its role has been changing due to a rapidly ongoing improvement of intensive care medicine. The present study aimed to describe our ten years experiences with tracheostomy, evaluate the incidence, indications, complications and to compare our results with those in other part of the world. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 74 patients who had tracheostomy at our otorhinolaryngology facility of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria from May 2000 and April 2010. Data's extracted from our theatre records were age, sex, indications, complications and the results were compared with similar work in other part of the world. Results: In the 10 years under review a total of 74 tracheostomies were performed. The age range was 7months to 70 years with a male to female ratio of 2.2:1. The peak age incidence was in the age group 0 – 10years (36.5%). The commonest indication for tracheostomy was head and Neck tumour 50(67.6%), of which laryngeal carcinoma constitute 31.1%. Forty-four tracheostomies (59.5%) were performed as an emergency, while 30 (40.5%) as elective procedures. In all our cases, transverse skin incision was employed. Conclusion: The most common indication for tracheostomy in our centre is still upper airway obstruction due to laryngeal carcinoma.
CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY FOR SEX DETERMINATION USING MAXILLARY SINUS VOLUMES ON COMPUTARIZED TOMOGRAPHY IN SOKOTO NIGERIA
Authors: A Abdulhameed , AD Zagga , SM Ma'aji , SS Bello , JD Usman , MM Awwal , A Bello , AA Tadros
Published: October 2020

Background:Objectives:Methods: Identification of human remain requires a comparison between ante-mortem and post-mortem evidences, as such, the use of bones that are often easily recovered intact like the maxilla, becomes necessary although the skull and other bones may be badly disfigured. To determine the precision with which the maxillary sinus volumes identifies sex. 130 subjects (79 males and 51 females), between 20 - 80 years, with normal maxillary sinus CT anatomy, from head CT scans carried out at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto from 2008 to 2012 were involved in this study. The volume of each sinus was determined by the product of three linear measurements (craniocaudal (height), anteroposterior (dept) and transverse (width) diameters), using Neusoft Dual Slide Helical CT machine and the slice thickness. These measurements were performed on three-dimensional reconstructed images using V-works 3.0 program. The discriminant analysis showed that the accuracy with which the maxillary sinus volume could identify sex was 50.6% in males, and 60.8% in females. Computerized Tomography estimation of maxillary sinus volume may be of value to support sex determination in forensic anthropology. Sex Determination, Maxillary Sinus, Volume.Results:Conclusion:Keywords:
Colonizing Madness: Asylum and Community in Fiji
Authors:   Museum of New Zealand Tepapa Tongarewa, Akeli Amaama Safua
Published: October 2020

The cover artwork of this book created by Rotuman artist John Mausio, and titled ‘I am Here’ depicts an arresting image of a person painted as a combination of shadow and solid form, seated on a layer of rocks against a backdrop of a woven and solid brick wall. Mausio is himself an active artist in the mental health area working with the St Giles Hospital, a key centre of the book’s narrative. Comprising of seven chapters and populated with images of people and buildings, Leckie states ‘this book explores the way the practices and discourse of modern bio-medicine and mental health were articulated in local communities as well as in the asylum’ (p.3). Furthermore, her interest is in ‘reading the lunacy archive to address how madness was constructed and managed and how it affected individuals and communities in colonial Fiji’ (p.4). Leckie draws on archival research from ‘the remaining records of former patients at St Giles to explore the nebulous condition and label of madness and states of mental difference’ (p.4). These records are described as ‘fragmentary’ and ‘scribbled in shorthand by colonial officials and the doctors’ (p.5). Nonetheless, they provide an account of a complex and deeply affective narratives.
Do the Pacific Islands still need a Regional University?
Authors:   The National University of Samoa, Groves Eric
Published: October 2020

This article offers some background on a current issue in Pacific regionalism with reference to the problems of the University of the South Pacific (USP). The South Pacific region’s greatest assets are its people. The development of the region depends greatly on the education and training of its people. Training and education are important at all levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), particularly higher education. Higher education in the South Pacific region emerged after the post-World War II and independence movement period. This started with the University of Papua New Guinea being the first official institution of higher learning to be established in the South Pacific region. Its establishment paved the way for the founding of the USP which was designed to cater to the higher education needs of 14 Pacific Island states excluding Papua New Guinea. The formation of the USP meant that the member nations within the sphere of its coverage were not able to develop their own national institutions of higher learning due to the funding model of the USP donors. This was until Samoa went against the grain and established the National University of Samoa which triggered the emergence of national institutions of higher learning throughout the region
MATEMÁTICA E FILOSOFIA: DOS GREGOS ATÉ DESCARTES
Authors: Bicudo Irineu , Vaz Duelci Aparecido de Freitas
Published: October 2020

Este artigo trata da relação entre Matemática e Filosofia, dos gἀregos até Descartes. A pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico procurou estabelecer inicialmente a gênese da Matemática, mostrando que sua essência e origem estãona filosofia de Platão, possivelmente herdada do pitagorismo. Posteriormente, estabelece relações entre a Filosofia Aristotélica e a Matemática Euclidiana, mostrando essaproximidade nos Analíticos Posteriores, principalmente com relação aos axiomas, postulados e definições. Nocontexto histórico posterior à cultura grega, principalmente a efervescência cultural que se deu no final do século XVI e princípio do século XVII, as questões suscitadas no mundo científico, religioso, cultural e social culminaram na criação de novas Filosofias edenova Matemática. Nesseperíodo de transição, no qualos pensadores procuravam superar as ideias provenientes dos gregos,principalmentedeAristóteles (384-322 a.C.), Descartes vislumbrou uma nova forma de pensar a Matemática e a Filosofia,unindo-as. Para tanto, procurou um novo método;na verdade, retomou um método antigo, a saber, o método de análise e síntese dos antigos geômetras gregos. Desse modo, reconstituindo-o e reinterpretando-o,elaboroua sua metodologia. Assim, o método lhe permitiu estabelecer uma nova Filosofia inspirada na Matemáticaque pode ser resumida nas quatro regras anunciadas na parte inicial de sua obra O Discurso do Método. Por fim, o artigomostra aplicações do método cartesiano à Matemática e, neste caso, o método pode ser resumido em nomear, equacionar e construir. Articulado com a sua nova simbologia,o método o permitiu avançar em muitas questões da Matemática.