bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotter's Locus of Control Scale: A Ten-Item Two-Factor Model
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn
Published: August 2011

The reported dimensionality of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale has ranged from 1 to 9 factors; however, most studies report a two-factor solution. Making an analysis across diverse populations, 10 items were identified as consistent across populations producing a two-factor model (personal and political control). A series of exploratory factor analyses ( N = 123), applying parallel analysis as the main extraction heuristic, indicated that the full 23-item and 10-item versions of Rotter's scale produced a two-factor model. When compared to the full 23-item version of the Rotter scale, the two factors of the 10-item version were shown to have no sex bias and the personal control scale showed a stronger association to feelings of being worn out than the full Rotter scale. In addition, political control and not personal control increased with age.
Treatment of an Identity-Diffused Adolescent on an Acute Inpatient Unit
Authors: Postelnek Jill K. , Atlas Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

The case of an adolescent hospitalized on an Acute Inpatient Unit following a suicide attempt is presented. Aspects of the patient's clinical presentation, specifically highly variable behaviors that eventuated in three recurring personality constellations, are linked to the youth's history of physical abuse. Interpretations of the boy's behaviors and treatment strategies are illustrated for consideration in work with other youth suffering histories of abuse
Adaptation and Well-Being
Authors: Heyink Joost
Published: August 2011

An overview is given of the strategies individuals use to overcome misfortune and to restore their subjective well-being. Using adaptation-theory as a frame of reference, three groups of adaptive mechanisms are described, i.e., shifting intrapsychic criteria, cognitive reconstruction, and future-time perception. The differences and similarities with related theoretical perspectives (for instance, ‘coping’ and ‘control’) are identified. Many other theoretical notions are briefly discussed and given a place in the presented framework. In the concluding section the possible role of moderating factors (e.g., social support) is discussed. Finally, some adaptational views on psychological dysfunctioning are presented.
Correlations between WISC-R Subtests and Scales of the Personality Inventory for Children
Authors: Wielkiewicz Richard M. , Daood Christopher J.
Published: August 2011

Data were collected from files of 129 children who had been administered the WISC—R and whose mothers had completed the Personality Inventory for Children. A prior high correlation between the Somatic Concern scale and WISC—R Third Factor was not replicated, but the cognitive triad of the Personality Inventory for Children correlated − 49 to − .27 with all the WISC—R IQs. Comparing a two-subtest (Arithmetic, Digit Span) Third Factor versus the traditional three-subtest triad produced comparable results, supporting the redefined Third Factor of the WISC-III.
Type of Housing and Emotional Health of Senior Citizens
Authors: Valliant Paul M. , Furac Catherine J.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the correlations among three housing conditions (detached unit, multiunit, institution) and scores for depression, self-esteem, and anxiety for 85 male and female senior citizens 50 years of age and older. Analyses indicated that men residing within an institution were significantly more depressed than those residing within detached homes and significantly more depressed than women in both situations. There were no significant differences associated with type of residence and measures of anxiety or self-esteem. Women in general showed more anxiety than men. Women residing within detached homes scored higher on guilt than men.
Compassionate Physicians: Personality Traits and Prosocial Attitudes
Authors: Carmel Sara , Glick Seymour M.
Published: August 2011

Three groups of physicians were identified based on their compassionate behavior. Associations with personal characteristics indicate that physicians with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to behave in congruence with their attitudes towards people.
Comparative Study of Personality Traits of Female Sex Offenders
Authors: Grier Priscilla E. , Clark Marie , Stoner Sue B.
Published: August 2011

The personality traits of 11 incarcerated white female sex offenders were compared with those of 11 nonsex offenders using the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire; no significant mean differences were found.
Childhood Trauma and the Origins of Paranormal Belief: A Constructive Replication
Authors: Irwin Harvey J.
Published: August 2011

Previous research suggests that, as a group, people who believe in the paranormal tend to have a history of traumatic events in childhood. This relationship has been incorporated into Irwin's 1993 model of the psychological origins and functions of paranormal belief. A constructive replication of the relationship and a test of Irwin's model was undertaken in relation to a specific context, namely, a childhood spent with an alcoholic parent. Compared to 89 control participants, a sample of 32 adults who were children of alcoholics had stronger beliefs in witchcraft, superstitions, and precognition. The results are discussed in relation to two components of Irwin's model.
The Student Alcohol Questionnaire: An Updated Reliability of the Drinking Patterns, Problems, Knowledge, and Attitude Subscales
Authors: Engs Ruth C. , Hanson David J.
Published: August 2011

The reliabilities of the Quantity/Frequency Patterns, Problems Resulting from Drinking, Knowledge of Alcohol, and Attitudes Toward Drinking subscales of the Student Alcohol Questionnaire were calculated. The Spearman-Brown reliability coefficients of the subscales were .84, .89, .85, and .27, respectively. Values of Cronbach alpha for the four subscales were .86, .92, .86, and .55, respectively.
Broad Factor Scales of the 16 PF Fifth Edition and Millon Personality Disorder Scales: A Replication
Authors: Terpylak O. , Schuerger J. M.
Published: August 2011

This study is a replication of the link between broad personality factors from the 16 PF and personality disorder scales based on Millon's typology of personality. The current study was done with the new version of the 16 PF during the final stages of norming. The sample consisted of 30 female and 2 male undergraduate and graduate students, ranging in age from about 21 to 60 years. The data from this replication are consistent with results of the earlier study in that 15 of the 18 expectations were in the expected direction. Of these 10 were significant.
Dimensionality of Brief Family Interaction and Satisfaction Scales among Couples from Eight Western and Midwestern States
Authors: Chang Li-Wen , Schumm Walter R. , Coulson L. Ann , Bollman Stephan R. , Jurich Anthony P.
Published: August 2011

The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale, a version for couples of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III), and three subscales from the Marital Communication Inventory were subjected to common factor analysis using data from 1222 rural, heterosexual couples, husbands and wives from eight western and midwestern states in the United States. The analysis supported the expected dimensionality of the Marital Communication Inventory and the two satisfaction scales but suggested that the adaptability scale may have more than one dimension. All scales showed adequate to high internal consistency reliability; however, the two FACES III scales were correlated .59 for both husbands and wives, casting doubt on the presumed orthogonality of those scales, at least for these samples. The results further support the potential validity of brief measures of relationship quality and satisfaction.
WISC—R Subtest Reliability over Time: Implications for Practice and Research
Authors: Truscott Stephen D. , Narrett Carla M. , Smith Stuart E.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the test-retest reliabilities of the WISC—R IQs and scaled scores on subtests over 3- and 6-yr. intervals for a learning disabled sample. Statistical procedures and individual analyses were conducted on a sample of 107 students who had at least two evaluations. For the total sample, 3-yr. test-retest reliabilities of the Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ were .69, .72, and .77, respectively. Subtest reliabilities ranged from .33 to .71, with a median of .49, but nine subtests had reliabilities of .62 or lower. Individual analyses indicated considerable variability, with some students decreasing as much as 33 IQ points on retest. Similar results were noted for a subsample of 41 students who had three evaluations over a 6-yr. period. Problems with subtest interpretation due to the inconsistency of the WISC—R scores and extensions of this research to the WISC—III are discussed.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXVII. Assignment of Authorship Credit in Psychological Research
Authors: Wagner Mervyn K. , Dodds Amy , Bundy Myra Beth
Published: August 2011

This study examined the value researchers assign to specific research activities and the assignment of authorship relative to the reported contributions to these tasks. All single, first, and second authors of empirical articles in the 1989 volume of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology were surveyed by mail. “Writing the paper” and “Having the idea” were the two research tasks most highly valued. Most authors followed the weighted value of each author's contribution to the completion of the research, but for some the order of authorship was misplaced and in some cases assigned when the person had made no direct contribution. The merit of having discipline-wide standardized guidelines for research activities was discussed.
Gender Rivalry and Attitudes toward Sex Roles: Changes over a Fifteen-Year Period
Authors: Beh Helen C.
Published: August 2011

Two samples ( ns = 80) of men and women tested 15 years apart were observed to respond differently under rivalry conditions. Comparison of scores on a scale designed to measure attitudes to sex roles indicated a significant change during the 15-year period which may account for the change in behaviour observed during rivalry.
Managerial Stereotypes in a Global Economy: A Comparative Study of Japanese and American Business Students' Perspectives
Authors: Powell Gary N. , Kido Yasuaki
Published: August 2011

This study examined stereotypes of American managers, Japanese managers, and a “good manager” held by 264 Japanese and 249 American business students. Although neither the American nor Japanese managerial stereotype resembled that of a good manager in either sample, the stereotypes of a good manager were considerably different for these samples. Japanese students' preferences for a Japanese versus an American manager were consistent with their beliefs about who was the better manager. American students' preferences were less consistent.
Trait Anxiety and Perception of a Potential Nuclear Power Plant Disaster
Authors: Mehta Michael D. , Simpson-Housley Paul
Published: August 2011

This study explored how trait anxiety interacts with various demographic variables in influencing how potential nuclear power disaster is assessed by a random sample of 150 adults (77 women, 73 men) who live near a nuclear power plant. Expectation of a future nuclear power plant disaster was positively related to high trait-anxiety elevations in women who were childless.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXVIII. Trends in Multiple Authorship
Authors: Holaday Margot , Yost Tracey E.
Published: August 2011

This brief study tested the generality of Zook's 1987 conclusion that the trend toward increasing numbers of authors per article had leveled off in the Journal of Counseling Psychology. The number of authors per article per year in four journals representing four professional organizations (American Psychological Association, National Association of School Psychologists, American Counseling Association, and American Medical Association) were counted and compared for an 11-yr. period (1982–1992). Statistically significant differences were found between disciplines based on the number of authors per article, with the medical journal having a greater number of articles with four or more coauthors. The average number of authors credited for an article was stable for all four journals.
Love-Styles among University Students in Mexico
Authors: Leon Joseph J. , Philbrick Joseph L. , Parra Fernando , Escobedo Emma , Malgesini Frank
Published: August 2011

146 university students from Mexico, representing four different majors of accounting, chemistry, philosophy and arts, and technical subjects, were administered the Sample-Profile of love-styles. Comparisons of magnitude of endorsement and rankings of six love-styles showed differential patterns of love-attitudes. Strong endorsement was found for a love-style profile characterized by a calm, deliberate, and compassionate love.
Size of Audience, Gender, and Digit-Rate Effects on Short-Term Memory
Authors: Vitulli William F. , Henderson Mary E.
Published: August 2011

Short-term memory tests were given to 101 undergraduate volunteers (33 men and 68 women) under three levels of audience size (2 observers, 1 observer, and alone condition) using different rates (1 sec. and 3 sec.) of computer-generated random numbers. Subjects were instructed to recall 25 random digits (presented sequentially on a computer screen) immediately after their display. A mixed 2 × 2 × 3 split-plot analysis of variance showed a significant effect for rate of digit presentation and Newman-Keuls post hoc pairwise comparisons showed differences between men and women with 2 observers present under the 3-sec. digit rate (men scored higher). Gender differences also occurred in the extent to which subjects profited from the 3-sec. (simpler) digit-rate condition as a function of the presence or absence of an audience (three-way interaction). Women profited in the “alone” condition and men did not, yet men profited in the audience-present conditions and women did not. “Social facilitation” interpretations in the context of gender analyses are discussed.
Internal Consistency and Stability of the Attitudes toward AIDS Scale-High School Version
Authors: Goh David S.
Published: August 2011

Reliabilities of the Attitudes Toward AIDS Scale-High School Version were estimated for a sample of 170 adolescents. Cronbach alpha of .79 and a stability coefficient of .84 were obtained.
Examination of the Relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Neo Personality Inventory
Authors: MacDonald Douglas A. , Anderson Peter E. , Tsagarakis Catherine I. , Holland Cornelius J.
Published: August 2011

The study examined the relationship between scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and on the NEO Personality Inventory by administering these measures to 161 women and 48 men in introductory psychology. Notable correlations were found for MBTI Introversion and Extraversion with NEO-PI Extraversion (– .58 and .58 for men, – .68 and .68 for women), MBTI Sensation and Intuition with NEO-PI Openness (– .60 and .71 for men, – .70 and .65 for women), MBTI Thinking and Feeling with NEO-PI Agreeableness (– .60 and .52 for men, – .41 and .39 for women), and MBTI Judging and Perceiving with NEO-PI Conscientiousness (.56 and – .62 for men, .49 and – .50 for women). These findings are consistent with McCrae and Costa (1989). Implications for interpretation of the scores are discussed.
Similarities in Type a Behavior between Young Children and Their Parents in Japan
Authors: Yamasaki Katsuyuki
Published: August 2011

In Japan similarities in Type A behavior between preschool children and their parents were investigated. Type A scores of 169 pairs of sons and their fathers, 130 pairs of daughters and their fathers, 158 pairs of sons and their mothers, and 121 pairs of daughters and their mothers were measured on the Japanese version of the Matthews Youth Test for Health for children and KG's (Kwansei Gakuin) Daily Life Questionnaire for parents. Self-ratings on the Hard-driving and Time-urgent scale of parents were correlated positively with teachers' Type A ratings of their sons, but no associations were found between scores of parents and their daughters. These results might be consistent with the hypothesis that children might learn Type A behaviors when their parents do not show much interest in child-rearing.
Children's Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill: An Eight-Year Longitudinal Follow-up
Authors: Weiss Marc Franchot
Published: August 2011

In 1986, Weiss reported the measurement of the attitudes of 577 children of elementary school age toward mental illness and mentally ill persons relative to other stigmatized groups on a projective measure of social distance. It was concluded that attitudes toward deviant groups were evidenced by Kindergarten and did not change appreciably with increasing age or grade. Eight years later, 35 of the previously examined 65 Kindergarten students were still enrolled in the district. Parental permission to repeat the evaluation was received for 34 of those students. The results of this longitudinal research were remarkably similar to the results in the original cross-sectional research, again leading to the conclusion that attitudes toward the mentally ill become quite stable and enduring by the time a child enters Kindergarten. Only one stigmatized group, mentally retarded persons, significantly changed in terms of social distance and interpersonal attraction toward being more acceptable.
Diverging Gender Attitudes regarding Casual Sex: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chara Paul J. , Kuennen Lynn M.
Published: August 2011

Students at five educational levels ranging from seventh graders to college seniors were surveyed regarding their attitudes about the acceptability of casual sex. A striking developmental contrast was found: males became increasingly accepting of casual sex; females were consistently opposed to casual sex at all educational levels.
Socioeconomic Status and the Rorschach
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

People from lower socioeconomic status are making increasing use of mental health facilities. Surveys have indicated that the Rorschach is still one of the more frequently used instruments by psychologists in such facilities, but research has also shown that clinicians tend to misinterpret Rorschachs of people from the lower socioeconomic group as reflecting greater psychopathology than the same Rorschachs identified as being given by people from the middle class. Research has also shown that growing up in conditions of poverty significantly affects how people perform on tests of abstract thinking, tests of intelligence, and tests of academic achievement; the question was raised as to whether this extends to the Rorschach. The lack of sufficient research on the effect of socioeconomic status on responsiveness to the Rorschach precluded that question being answered. The kind of research still needed was discussed.
Lithium Maintenance Therapy for Bipolar I Patients: Possible Refractoriness to Reinstitution after Discontinuation
Authors: Murray John B.
Published: August 2011

Recent reports of negative responsiveness in some bipolar I patients to attempts to reinstitute lithium treatment once discontinued are reviewed.
Detection of Faking on Role-Play Tests of Assertiveness
Authors: Kern Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2011

Faking and demand characteristics can represent significant threats to the validity of role-play tests of social competence. The present study examined whether faking could be detected via the global judgments of experienced and inexperienced assessors. 26 undergraduates low in assertiveness were induced to fake their performances on the Idiographic Role-play Test via instructions and information. Experienced judges successfully differentiated faking subjects from highly assertive subjects ( n = 27) who had been provided with information and nonfaking instructions (98% accuracy). Inexperienced assessors correctly classified 79% of the subjects. Within the discussed limitations of this study, it appears that it is possible to detect faking on role-play tests of assertiveness.
Attitudes toward Parents: A Direct Replication
Authors: Vitulli William F. , Jones Wendy M.
Published: August 2011

A different sample of 84 college students' relationships with their parents were surveyed in a replication one year after the original study. While sign tests showed significantly higher over-all ratings for relationships with mothers (good) than with fathers (average to good), daughters rated their relationships with their mothers (good) as significantly higher than those with their fathers (average to good), yet sons rated mothers and fathers about equally (average to good). These data are interpreted in terms of conditioning and social learning theory.
Considerations in Misdiagnosis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Curtis John M. , Susman Valerie M.
Published: August 2011

The present paper identified some diagnostic considerations which might be responsible for misdiagnoses of narcissistic personality disorder. Although conventional diagnostic criteria, e.g., DSM-III—R, for narcissistic personality disorder have suggested a rather homogeneous set of features including, e.g., inflated grandiosity, excessive omnipotence, overt arrogance, diminished empathic capacities, onanistic behavior, pathological self-centeredness, and propensities toward self-indulgence, many narcissistic conditions are misdiagnosed because the symptoms are less obvious if not altogether camouflaged. Diagnostic miscalculations can often mislead clinicians from focusing on verifiable and essential aspects of the disorder and lead to unnecessary therapeutic detours and eventual failures. Improved recognition of the heterogeneity of such patients might improve diagnostic consistency and eventual therapeutic outcome.
Correlations of Scores on the Gifted Evaluation Scale with Those on WISC-III and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test for Students Referred for Gifted Evaluation
Authors: Levinson Edward M. , Folino Lisa
Published: August 2011

29 students ( M age of 8.0 yr.) who were referred for evaluation were administered the Gifted Evaluation Scale, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, and the WISC-III. Paired t tests comparing the mean GES Quotient with the K-BIT mean IQ and WISC-III Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs yielded no statistically significant differences (range of IQs = 120.6 to 122.9). While the significant correlation of the GES Quotient and WISC-III Performance IQ was .42, r = − .37 for the GES Quotient and WISC-III Verbal IQ. No significant correlation was found between the GES Quotient and the WISC-III Full Scale or K-BIT IQs. The limitations and implications of the study, with regard to the use of the Gifted Evaluation Scale, are discussed.
Underage Female DUI Offenders: Personality Characteristics, Psychosocial Stressors, Alcohol and other Drug Use, and Driving-Risk
Authors: Moore Richard H.
Published: August 2011

164 underage female DUI offenders were evaluated on measures of personality, driving-risk, psychosocial stressors, alcohol and other drug use, alcohol abuse, and symptoms of depression. Empirical classification of 10 groups represented five distinct types. 31 youth who were classified as Antisocial exhibited highest rates of alcohol misuse, other drug use, deviant driving behavior, traffic offenses and accidents, and psychosocial stressors. About 56% or 92 appeared to experience impaired functioning serious enough to warrant interventions more intense than educational classes. A measure of driving-risk developed and used in studies of male adults, the Donovan Research Questionnaire, did not appear to differentiate driving-risk among the young women. In contrast to male drivers, who often expressed anger or aggression through driving, most subjects appeared to react to emotion-eliciting stimuli with feelings of low self-worth or dysphoric affect rather than anger. Specialized screening suitable for young female DUI offenders should be considered.
Analysis of Activities of School Counselors
Authors: Hardesty Patrick H. , Dillard John M.
Published: August 2011

369 school counselors in Kentucky completed a survey of time allocated to 17 different activities. The allocation of time per activity differed across level of school. Developmental implications of the findings are discussed.
The Short-Form Family Environment Scale: Testing a Different Response Format
Authors: Greene Robert C. , Plank Richard E.
Published: August 2011

This paper concerns the psychometric properties of the shortened and revised version of the Family Environment Scale, used in the context of research on consumers' purchase behavior. It examines the scale from a face validity perspective as well as the psychometric properties. The response format is revised from a dichotomous to a four-point balanced forced-choice design. The analysis suggests continued caution in using this scale in its shortened form and continues the debate over the validity of the Family Environment Scale.
J. M. Keynes' Decision Theory, a Technical Note
Authors: Brady Michael Emmett
Published: August 2011

It is demonstrated mathematically that both the expected monetary value and linear, risk-neutral, subjective, expected utility rules are special cases of J. M. Keynes' weighted monetary value rule.
Participation in Decision Making and Committee Members' Intent to Remain
Authors: Hellman Chan M.
Published: August 2011

The present study tested the hypothesis that participation in decision making would account for significant variance in 34 individuals' intent to remain as members of a committee. Responses to a 12-item questionnaire supported the hypothesis, suggesting that organizations concerned with maintaining committee membership should allow members to share in the decision-making process.
Sexuality within a Russian Geriatric Sample: A Pilot Study
Authors: Greer Richard A. , Herkov Michael J. , Hill Laura L.
Published: August 2011

This paper provides preliminary data on sexual functioning within a sample of 19 Russian geriatric respondents who completed selected items from the Starr-Weiner questionnaire assessing areas such as sexual interest and frequency, sexual dysfunction, and sexual attitudes. All 8 men and 9 of the women reported being sexually active. Like American seniors, differences in activity appeared to be moderated by gender and over-all physical health. Sexual dysfunction among these Russians was less than that reported by Stern and Stern in 1979. Also, the Russian seniors reported tolerance toward sexual topics such as homosexuality. Finally, limitations of the present study and research recommendations are mentioned.
General and Test Anxiety, Shyness, and Grade Point Average of Elementary School Children of Divorced and Nondivorced Parents
Authors: Call Garrett , Beer Joe , Beer John
Published: August 2011

116 boys and girls in elementary Grades 4, 5, and 6 were administered the General Anxiety Scale, Test Anxiety Scale, and the Shyness Scale. Their GPAs were obtained from school records as were Normal Curve Equivalents from the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills given the previous school year. Children of divorced parents ( n = 31) had lower GPAs than children of nondivorced parents ( n = 85). The girls had higher GPAs and general anxiety scores than the boys. The students who scored lower on test anxiety had higher Normal Curve Equivalents. Pearson correlations were significant for scores on Test Anxiety with those on general anxiety ( r = .57), GPA ( r = − .25), and Normal Curve Equivalents ( r = – .26). Normal Curve Equivalents correlated significantly with GPA ( r = .66), but shyness did not correlate significantly with any other measure.
Comparison of the Leiter International Performance Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales
Authors: Lewis Carol D. , Lorentz Susan
Published: August 2011

Letter International Performance Scale (Leiter) and Wechsler IQs of 30 children were compared. Correlations among IQs were large and similar for the 15 African-American and 11 Latino children. However, Leiter IQs for Latino children were significantly higher than corresponding IQs from Wechsler scales.
Sex Differences in the Use and Effectiveness of Tactics of Impression Management
Authors: DuBrin Andrew J.
Published: August 2011

Sex differences and comparisons of use and effectiveness of 28 impression management tactics were examined for 178 men and 124 women in higher-level positions. Few differences were found despite several exceptions. Women used greeting cards more frequently than men and gave higher effectiveness ratings to warmth and support, making small talk, and avoiding a direct “no” in response to a request. Use and effectiveness ratings were positively related, yet men gave higher effectiveness than use ratings to sending greeting cards and remaining calm under pressure. Women gave higher effectiveness than use ratings to being knowledgeable about a work-related topic and calmness under pressure. Results reinforce the idea that women emphasize interpersonal relationships on the job and also suggest that remaining calm under pressure may represent a developmental need for men and women in higher-level jobs.
Acquaintance Rape: Attributions of Victim Blame by College Students and Prison Inmates as a Function of Relationship Status of Victim and Assailant
Authors: Kormos Katherine C. , Brooks Charles I.
Published: August 2011

53 male college students and 37 male prison inmates completed a questionnaire evaluating an hypothetical rape scenario with a male perpetrator and a female victim. The college students assigned equal blame to the victim regardless of whether the assailant was a stranger or an acquaintance, but the inmates assigned more blame to the victim when the assailant was a stranger than an acquaintance. The results may be interpreted as showing a greater awareness of date or acquaintance rape among the college population than among the prison population.
What Do Educational Psychology Graduates Do? One Case Study
Authors: Houtz John C. , Alford Albert , Komura Hiromi
Published: August 2011

In a study after Wineburg and McGraw, graduates of the doctoral program in Educational Psychology at Fordham University were surveyed as to their current job placements and opinions about their Fordham program. Of 94 questionnaires sent during the 1990–91 academic year, 63 responses were completed and returned by program graduates of the period 1979 through May, 1990. Results were different from those reported in 1987 by Wineburg and McGraw and showed a wider range of career options for graduates. More than 40% of Fordham graduates were employed in schools. The largest single category was psychologist in private practice (21%). School psychologist (17.5%) and college faculty/administration (16%) were the second two most frequent positions. Results are discussed in terms of the diversity of educational psychologists.
Generation X: Measures, Sex and Age Differences
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

The popular press has labelled the current groups of 19- to 29-yr.-olds Generation X, the postbaby-boomers, and suggested they possess attitudes and values different from those of their predecessors, the baby-boomers. This investigation examined the prevalence of Generation X attitudes and values among a sample of 216 Canadian business students. 83 women and 133 men undergraduate and graduate students anonymously completed questionnaires. The sample's mean age was 21.7 yr. Respondents reported values and attitudes somewhat consistent with Generation X characterizations, women having more of these qualities than men. Younger students tended to hold values and attitudes more consistent with the Generation X depiction.
Effect of Family Group Psychotherapy on Alcoholic Families
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Ichikawa Mitsuhiro , Ichikawa Tadasu , Matsuzawa Kaori
Published: August 2011

We examined the effect of family group psychotherapy on 14 alcoholic families. Family group psychotherapy helped alcoholic families be aware of their anxiety and conflict and enabled them to share their feelings with a group. Alexithymia for a cognitive-affective disturbance significantly decreased after group psychotherapy. Moreover, participation in family group psychotherapy over six months increased family cohesion and allowed anxiety and conflict to be more easily expressed within the family.
Relationships among Nontask Behaviors, Rated Performance, and Objective Performance Measures
Authors: Lowery Christopher M. , Krilowicz Thomas J.
Published: August 2011

Correlations among nontask behaviors, subjective evaluations of performance, and objective performance measures were investigated for a sample of 73 machine operators. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that nontask behaviors were significantly related to both supervisory ratings of performance and to objective measures of performance. There was also a significant relationship between the subjective and objective performance measures, but the results indicated that supervisors based their evaluations more on nontask behaviors than on actual performance.
Personality Characteristics of Very Desirable and Undesirable Childcare Workers in a Residential Setting
Authors: Lee Robert E.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) were different for childcare employees designated by their supervisors most and least desirable. This led to a rationale, specific to this setting, which potentially could augment procedures for selection of employees. The methods and cautionary concerns are proposed to other agencies.
Association of Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge, and Worry about HIV Infection with Occupational and Nonoccupational Behaviors of Medical Students
Authors: Toennies Lynn M. , Zagumny Matthew J. , Sorokin Grigory , Tesch Bonnie
Published: August 2011

The authors surveyed a sample of 132 medical students to assess their behaviors related to the risk of HIV infection. Scale measures were computed for survey questions relating to both occupational and nonoccupational behavior and also for questions relating to knowledge of any worry about HIV infection. Regression analysis to assess the influence of demographic characteristics, knowledge, and worry on occupational and nonoccupational behavior indicated that (1) medical students are more likely to implement behaviors to protect themselves from occupational exposure to HIV infection than from nonoccupational exposure and (2) students who worried more about HIV infection reported less at-risk occupational behavior. Implications of these findings for intervention efforts with medical students are addressed.
Serum Cholesterol Levels and Frequency of Aggression
Authors: Spitz Reuben T. , Hillbrand Marc , Foster Hilliard G.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of serum cholesterol levels of 106 male forensic patients showed significant differences in frequency of aggression, with low cholesterol levels predominant among those more frequently violent.
Crises and Schlesinger's Cycles of American History (1789–1986)
Authors: McCann Stewart J. H.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between Schlesinger's American history cycles and a crisis index was examined. The difference between the mean crisis value for private interest phases and public purpose phases approached significance, but adjustments for easily explained anomalies produced complete correspondence between cycle fluctuations and crises for the entire history of the United States.
A Checklist for Assessing Risk of Violent Behavior in Historically Nonviolent Persons
Authors: Moffatt Gregory K.
Published: August 2011

Assessment of risk for violent behavior is of interest to clinicians and laymen alike. This article includes a discussion of issues related to assessment of risk of violent behavior. A review of the literature is provided. Using this information, the author suggests several factors that might increase the probability of violent behavior in historically nonviolent individuals, including antisocial behavior, social isolation, poverty, absence of support systems, severe situational stress, and substance abuse. A checklist for assessing risk of violent behavior is suggested.
Perceptions of Gender Similarities and Differences of Fifth-Grade Students
Authors: Floyd Kory
Published: August 2011

In the present study, 36 fifth-grade students indicated their perceptions of how men and women are the same and how they are different, following Nemerowicz's 1979 work. Responses were coded into the categories employed by Nemerowicz, who asked these two questions, and into new categories where needed. Subjects' perceptions were compared with those identified by Nemerowicz to see how such perceptions have changed since 1979.
Modifying the Study Process Questionnaire for Students Learning English as a Second Language: Comparisons of Reliability and Factor Structure
Authors: Watkins David , Murphy Jim
Published: August 2011

The original English version, a simplified English as a Second Language (ESL) version, and a Malay translation of the Study Process Questionnaire were administered to 192, 257, and 75 students, respectively, from the University of Brunei Darussalam. The ESL version showed the highest coefficients of internal consistency reliability for the scales, followed by the English and Malay versions. Similar factor structures were found for responses to all three versions. The ESL version may be preferable for administration to students for whom English is the medium of instruction but not their first language. The motive and strategy model of learning proposed by J. B. Biggs in 1987 and 1993 seems appropriate for Brunei students.
Comparison of Women's and Coeducational College Classrooms: I. Course Assignments
Authors: Trice Ashton D.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the number of assignments in 502 course syllabi collected from 18 women's colleges and 18 matched coeducational colleges. The number of assignments was significantly higher at women's colleges, at colleges with lower selectivity for admissions, and in introductory classes. Significant differences among the four disciplines examined (psychology, mathematics, English, and art history) were found. Three of the factors (gender, discipline, and level) interacted. The most prominent difference was that, in introductory courses with quantitative and scientific content (psychology and mathematics), women's colleges required many more assignments than coeducational colleges. The effect of institutional selectivity was smaller than these three effects and appeared to be additive rather than interactive. The number of term-long assignments was not significantly different. Women's colleges, however, had more short-term assignments and tests than coeducational institutions. The results are related to the historic mission of inclusion of nontraditional students at women's colleges.
College Students Say Mike Tyson Innocent of Rape
Authors: Eisenman Russell
Published: August 2011

110 students in a southern university were asked to write down whether they considered Mike Tyson guilty or innocent of rape of the beauty contestant for which he was convicted. Ten had no opinion, but of those who did, 80 thought him innocent and only 20 thought him guilty. Then, after seeing the film “Mike Tyson: The Movie” which showed his background as a juvenile delinquent and mentioned his problems with women, the only students who changed judgments from innocent to guilty were 25 white women. All male students and all 15 black students continued to consider him innocent.
Program Transitions from Sheltered Workshop to Community-Based Endeavors
Authors: Belcher Terence L.
Published: August 2011

Individuals with disabilities who move from one day program to another frequently show decreases in social adaption. Peter had four weeks of transition while James had none. After one month in the new program, James showed a 99% decrease in targeted behaviors and Peter a 100% decrease. Is a long transition necessary to move smoothly from one day setting to another?
Empirical Relationships between Need for Cognition and Cognitive Style: Implications for Consumer Psychology
Authors: Claxton Reid P. , McIntyre Roger P.
Published: August 2011

Earlier research by Cacioppo and Petty has shown need for cognition scores to be related to the early conceptualization of cognitive style of Witkin, Dyk, Faterson, Goodenough, and Karp. For a sample of 69 female and 98 male undergraduate business students, the present study investigated relationships between need for cognition and cognitive style as measured by the sensing-intuiting and thinking-feeling components of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Need for cognition scores were statistically related to cognitive style. As hypothesized, subjects high on Intuiting-Thinking scored highest, and those scoring high on Intuiting-Feeling and Sensing-Thinking had intermediate scores. Subjects scoring high on Sensing-Feeling scored lowest. Five of six paired contrasts of need for cognition scores were significant. Market applications and implications for consumer psychology are discussed.
Validity of a Single-Item Index of Acculturation in Vietnamese Immigrant Youth
Authors: Ranieri N. F. , Klimidis S. , Rosenthal D. A.
Published: August 2011

A single-item index of acculturation towards a host culture is described. The index appears to have good construct validity as assessed in a sample of 177 young Vietnamese immigrants in Australia.
Implications of Gender Differences for Managers
Authors: Zeff Lawrence E. , Fremgen Bonnie , Martinez James C.
Published: August 2011

Expectations about barriers to promotion in management of 26 men and 19 women in an MBA program were similar but men were viewed as risk takers and as making better use of contacts. Men and women also differed on factors of monetary rewards, security, and friendship but both liked challenges.
Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity: Getting it Right or Perpetuating the Myths?
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn E. , McCutcheon Lauren E.
Published: August 2011

In Exp. 1 50 subjects were randomly assigned to one of two videotape conditions. The experimental group watched a TV news program designed to expose some myths about the not-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity plea (NGRI) while controls watched a neutral program. A seven-item test designed to measure knowledge about each myth was administered before and twice after exposure to the videotapes. Analysis showed no significant difference for any exposure. Exps. 2 and 3 showed that reading a brief factual report about NGRI significantly reduced the belief in these myths as compared to beliefs of groups who watched a TV news program.
Does Use of Student Samples Affect Results of Studies in Cross-Cultural Training? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deshpande Satish P. , Joseph Jacob , Viswesvaran Chockalingam
Published: August 2011

A 1992 meta-analysis by Deshpande and Viswesvaran of studies of cross-cultural training using a combination of both students' and nonstudents' data indicated that cross-cultural training allows participants to adjust more rapidly to a new culture. But this research did not examine the equivalence of samples of students and nonstudents with respect to effects of cross-cultural training. Meta-analysis indicated that the use of student samples may underestimate the effectiveness of the cross-cultural training. The implications for both practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Development of a Paper-and-Pencil Measure of Conformity
Authors: Heidelmaier Lisa K. , Gilroy Faith D. , Molfetta Jennifer
Published: August 2011

This study describes initial work in developing a standardized paper-and-pencil measure of conformity. Two of the four ambiguous tasks successfully discriminated 89 subjects who were exposed to others' estimates and 89 who were not.
On the Prediction of Suicide from the Rorschach
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

The last extensive and comprehensive reviews of research on whether the Rorschach can be used to predict suicide were done in the 1970s. All of these reviews concluded that there was not much support for this assumption; however, all of the reviewers pointed to methodological issues which might have obscured or diluted that relationship. Little research has been done in this area of study since the 1970s and that which has been done did not address the methodological issues to which reviewers point. The present paper, then, is less a review of new research since the last reviews and more an opportunity to remind investigators of the research which still needs to be done before a final assessment can be made as to whether the Rorschach can be useful in the detection of suicidal potential.
Effect of Dispositional Optimism on Comparative Risk Perceptions for Developing Aids
Authors: Fontaine Kevin R.
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated the effects of individual differences along the dimension of dispositional optimism-pessimism on comparative risk perception in relation to the prospect of developing AIDS. 104 university students completed the Life Orientation Test of Scheier and Carver and estimated the likelihood of AIDS happening to themselves and the average university student. A split at the median on the Life Orientation Test divided subjects into optimists and pessimists. Dispositional optimists and pessimists rated their own likelihood of developing AIDS as less than that of the average student. Moreover, subjects classified as optimistic and pessimistic did not differ significantly in their ratings of comparative risk perception.
Self-Reports of Corporal Punishment by Xhosa Children from Broken and Intact Families and Their Academic Achievement
Authors: Cherian Varghese Iepen
Published: August 2011

The association of corporal punishment reported by 1021 pupils (369 boys and 652 girls) and their academic achievement was investigated. The sample included 242 children whose parents were divorced or separated and 713 children whose parents were neither divorced nor separated. Subjects were between 13 and 17 years old, with a mean age of 15.6 yr. They were chosen at random from the Standard 7/Year 9 population of Transkei, South Africa. A questionnaire yielded recalled frequencies of parental punishment. Analysis of variance indicated a significant negative association between parental punishment and academic achievement.
Comparison of Dietary Intake Methods with Young Children
Authors: Iannotti Ronald J. , Zuckerman Alan E. , Blyer Elaine M. , O'Brien Robert W. , Finn Jeremy , Spillman Diana M.
Published: August 2011

To select a valid method for obtaining dietary intake of preschool children, food intake of 17 children (8 in daycare programs and 9 in home care) was measured for three days. Each day, home caregivers and daycare staff were asked to recall what the child had eaten during the previous 24 hours. After the third day, the Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to assess intake during the preceding seven days, which included the three days of measured foods. There were no significant differences between means from measured and recalled intake. Although the children's gender and care status (daycare versus home care) made no difference in measured intake, there were significant differences in recalled intake for energy and percent of calories from saturated fat. In this study the questionnaire did not provide an accurate assessment of measured intake and could not replace the dietary recall.