bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the use of coercion during criminal procedural detention
Authors: Pototskyi М.
Published: April 2022

The article focuses on the study of the peculiarities of the use of coercion during the criminal procedural detention. The article analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on the application of coercion and its lawful limits. In the process of investigating the subject it is emphasized that in fact after the moment of detention, the burden of proof on the proper protection of the rights and freedoms of the detainee lies with the state. From that moment on the detainee finds himself in a vulnerable position and is under state control. It is emphasized that the peculiarity of detaining a person as a measure of coercion is that if necessary, the detainee may be legally inflicted bodily harm, and in conditions of absolute necessity, the person may be legally deprived of life. It is emphasized that the involvement of a medical worker by law enforcement agencies immediately after detention in case the detainee has visible bodily injuries should be a duty. It does not matter when the injuries were received (before or during the detention). It is stated that when using force during detention, the involvement of a medical worker should take place as soon as possible. The death of a person during detention is an extreme measure and should be absolutely necessary in an appropriate setting. The authorized official must be aware in good faith of the level of danger to himself and others that justifies this coercion. It was determined that the death of a detainee should be regarded as an undesirable consequence of lawful acts. The proposal to introduce a unified (single) procedure for short-term detention on suspicion of committing criminal offenses, crimes and administrative offenses seems valuable and promising. In such types of detention, the degree of restriction of the right to liberty is equal to the need to involve medical workers in some cases. During the first three hours of detention, the procedure should be the same regardless of the suspicion, but with a tendency to complicate detention on suspicion of committing criminal offenses.
Place of evidence in the mechanism of investigation of criminal proceedings about corruption crimes
Authors: Shakhvorost А.А. , Kuzmenko O.V.
Published: April 2022

The article conducts a scientific study of the place of evidence in the mechanism of investigation of criminal proceedings on corruption crimes; the essence of the category of «proof» is determined, its characteristic features are established. The category of «proof» finds its origins in philosophy, in it it reflects one of the universal forms of comprehension of the world, and from it it was later borrowed from legal science. Unlike philosophy with its abstractions, in jurisprudence the category of «evidence» represents a separate, private relationship related to a particular, specific field of activity.

The study found that evidence in corruption investigations is the collection, verification, and evaluation of evidence to establish circumstances relevant to corruption offenses. Collection, verification and evaluation of evidence are elements of a single process based on a single methodology, but they are aimed at different sub-objectives in establishing circumstances relevant to criminal proceedings, which is the basis for their separation as separate elements. Gathering evidence is a purely practical activity, which consists in the subjects of proof of cognitive and evidentiary actions, in order to obtain new evidence. Methods of gathering evidence can be classified by subject (characteristic of the prosecution and characteristic of the defense) and by activity (active and passive). Verification of evidence is carried out by the subjects of evidence, which depend on the adoption of procedural decisions in criminal proceedings, by comparing and comparing the evidence with existing evidence in the proceedings, in the study of the content of evidence; purpose - to determine their reliability, eliminate doubts and contradictions, gaps in the evidence. Evaluation of evidence is a purely mental activity aimed at assessing the evidence in terms of relevance, admissibility, reliability, and the totality of the evidence collected - the sufficiency and interrelationship for the relevant procedural decision.
Legal status of cross-border cooperation bodies: regulatory framework
Authors: Byelov D.M. , Goncharuk V.V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the  legal status  research of the cross-border cooperation bodies, namely, the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation and the  Аssociations of Euroregional cooperation  as a institutional form of development of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union have been analyzed. The basic acts of the national legislation regulating cross-border cooperation are analyzed.

Basing of the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine in the field of cross-border cooperation, it has been stated that  the Law of Ukraine «On cross-border cooperation» discloses the content of the category "body of cross-border cooperation but does not specify its definition. While the legal status, procedure of creation and activity of such bodies of cross-border cooperation as a union of EGTC and a AEC have been considered in detal.

Taking the above-mentioned into consideration, it is necessary to analyze some aspects of the legal status of the EGTC and the AEC and to regulate the creation and activities of these institutions. In order to determine the legal status of the bodies of cross-border cooperation, the purpose of the activity of such legal entities, regulated by the law, plays an essential role, which lays down the basic foundations for the regulation of its legal status.

 Studying the legal regulation of the functioning of such forms of cross-border cooperation with the status of a legal entity as a European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation and Association of European Cooperation makes it possible to distinguish the characteristics of the body of cross-border cooperation as a whole, which distinguish this institutional form  from another one and form the author’s definition of  cross-border cooperation.
European rules of liability for inherited debts experience for Ukraine
Authors: Goncharova A.V.
Published: April 2022

This research examines the procedure for establishing liability for inherited debts of the testator. It is noted that the inheritance law of some European countries is undergoing transformation. Discussions on the future of inheritance law in Europe have not yet been completed, and it remains to be seen whether it has begun at all. One of the key issues is the area of ​​liability for inheritance debts, which is present in any system of inheritance law and occupies an important place.

The article highlights the main problems of European practice on the basis of Polish law and suggests that this may be the starting point for resolving this issue on a wider European scale. Modern problems are caused by the fact that most of the principles of settlement of inheritance law were borrowed from Roman private law. Daily practice shows that the solutions developed by the legislator are not always able to satisfy modern realities. Disputes over the settlement of inheritance relations are particularly noticeable in countries that have historically been part of the so-called Eastern bloc. In the light of the ever-growing demand for the unification of substantive law, inheritance in the European Union, as well as the entry into force of Regulation (EC) № 650/2012 of the European Union and the creation of a European Certificate of Inheritance, it is interesting to study. Debt inheritance research is currently lacking in a study by scholars.

 We state the fact that inheritance law is a branch of civil law. In some countries, there is a principle that no one should maintain an inheritance against their own. Legislators create opportunities for potential heirs in different ways. Therefore, we propose to create a mechanism in legal systems that uphold the principle of universal succession, according to which the passive attitude to the inheritance of any heirs is equated to the submission of an application for acceptance of the inheritance. In fact, this is natural, as renunciation of inheritance is less common in practice than acceptance.
Some aspects of copyright protection of an original work of art
Authors: Kryvolapov B. M.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with theoretical and practical problems of the intellectual property protection of original works of art.
The specifics of copyright of works of art in national law are explored, particularly the law of Ukraine “On copyright and related rights” of 1993 and some norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine.   For the purposes of the study, such international treaties and documents as Directive 2001/84/EC of 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art, some provisions of Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine, norms of Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 1886 were examined and analyzed.
It is found out that basic economic rights of norms of original works of art authors are the exclusive right to use a work, particularly its components such as reproduction of works, public demonstration and public display of works, distribution of originals of works and their specimens by the first sale and the exclusive right of authorizing any communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. It has been determined that the exclusive right of   original works of art authors to use is mostly violated in Ukraine.
The right to have access to a work of fine art is examined separately. It has been determined that the right to have access is a moral right that shouldn’t be transferred.
Particular attention is paid to the resale right of the author of an original work of art.  The author identifies some contradictions about the resale rights objects between the law of Ukraine “On copyright and related rights” and of the Civil Code of Ukraine. It is claimed that Ukrainian resale right legislation needs significant changes.  It is claimed that Ukrainian resale right legislation needs significant changes. 
On the basis of analysis of scientific literature, legal acts, court’s decision author developed and substantiated some conclusions, which are new and have theoretical and practical significance.
Legal Status of a Photographic Work: Aspects of Ukrainian and Foreign Legislation
Authors: Motuzna A.V. , Zolota L. V.
Published: April 2022

It is difficult to imagine a modern information space in the format of past centuries: small text messages about news and events and almost no visual component that illustrates the text. We live in an age of information society, which is constantly evolving. The amount of information we receive increases exponentially. The current array of information reaches gigantic proportions. The modern user is already accustomed to the visual perception of any information, which is an illustration or photo confirmation of the text. That is why the photographic work has become one of the central elements of the information world. With the advent of the camera on the mobile phone, every gadget owner has the opportunity to take photos. The upgrade of mobile devices is mostly due to the improvement of the technical characteristics of the camera. However, is every photo taken on a phone subject to copyright and has the same legal status as a photo taken on a photographic device? The development of the art of photography is much ahead of the development of Ukrainian legislation. This leads to problems in defining a photographic work as an object of copyright and its protection. The Unified Sectoral Law does not provide any definition of concepts or classification and features that a photographic work must meet in order to be protected. Gaps in legislation create an increase in the number of copyright infringements. Authors, in turn, do not know how to protect their work, suffer losses. To restore the violated rights, they usually turn to the court, which overloads the work of the judicial system of Ukraine. Therefore, the relevance of the study of the legal regulation of the protection of photographic works is the need to identify gaps in the legislation and clarify ways to address them.
ASHA - World’s Largest All-female Frontline Community Health Worker: Features and Challenges
Authors:   Professor, Holy Family College of Nursing, University of Delhi, Okhla Road, New Delhi, India., Babu Cimil
Published: April 2022

India accounts for the second-highest number of maternal deaths all over the world. India has shown a remarkable decline in MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) during the last two decades. According to the SRS (Sample Registration System), MMR dropped from more than 556 per 100,000 in 1990 to 113 in 2018 and the proportion of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel has increased from 58% in the 1990s to 81% in 2019. In the year 2005, the Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) with the purpose of improving the existing health facilities provided to the community with a special focus on the poor and vulnerable states and societies. NRHM identified ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), a voluntary community health worker, to provide services to the community on incentives. ASHA workers are the female health workers who have hailed from the same community where they serve. An ASHA worker acts as a link person between the health system and the community. At present, ASHA services are utilised in a number of programmes including maternal and child health, Various studies have extensively documented about ASHAs dissatisfaction with their pay and workload. ASHA services are widely accepted by societies, especially the poor, but issues like sexual harassment, violence, unsafe working conditions, and cast discrimination were also reported.ASHA programme plays a critical role in implementing Government health programmes, especially on MCH. Therefore keeping the ASHA updated and motivated is very important for performing her duties efficiently and effectively.
An Insight to the World of Female Entrepreneurship: Systematic Literature Review of the Phenomenon using the Mckinsey 7S Model
Authors: Zavodny Pospisil Jan , Zavodna Lucie Sara
Published: April 2022

The paper's main aim is to contribute to the empirical knowledge of women's entrepreneurship by utilizing the McKinsey 7S Model to explain the managerial phenomenon in women-led companies. The paper is based on secondary data sources. The data were collected from case studies presented in academic journals indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The data collection used the PRISMA 2009 method. The case studies of women-led companies were assessed in the McKinsey 7S model on a qualitative basis. The paper introduces women companies' managerial traits and procedures, which the McKinsey 7S model can recognize. In the chosen and analyzed sample of case studies dealing with female entrepreneurship, not even one directly used the McKinsey model for analysis. Results also showed that the 7S model should be used with primary data rather than to evaluate incomplete secondary data. Also, factors that lead women to start a business worldwide have been shown.
Dissimilar weld joint corrosion in simulated boiler water environment
Authors: Hodač J. , Veselý V.
Published: April 2022

This paper is focused on the problematics of weld joint corrosive degradation in the boiler water environment. The boiler water is commonly used in power industry. The corrosion experiment simulated the boiler water environment during shutdown, when chemicals may be concentrated in the deposits, or as a result of evaporation. The corrosion experiment was performed on heterogeneous weldments made of P265GH//X6CrNiTi18-9 steels in the environment of stagnant boiler water with the addition of NaCl for 53 days. The data showed only minimal weight losses, and small changes in the measured fracture toughness of the welded joint. At the same time, a tendency for a mechanical weakening of the welded joint with the increasing aggressivity of the boiler water environment was observed. The metallographic analysis was performed to describe the nature of corrosive degradation.
Resistance of the welded joint of austenitic steel NEUTRONIT A 976 SM in the corrosive environment of boric acid
Authors: Zavitkovská J. , Fulín Z. , Chocholoušek M. , Špirit Z.
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the influence of the operating environment on the safe resistance of the welded joint of the construction material used in the nuclear power industry in the production of spent nuclear fuel containers. This material contains a higher percentage of alloying boron and is used as a shielding construction material for neutron and gamma radiation. It is used to produce baskets for spent nuclear fuel containers. When the containers are being filled, the welded joint of the basket structure are briefly exposed to an aqueous boric acid solution. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of exposure to the corrosive boric acid environment on the mechanical properties of the material. Tensile tests on the original weld and post weld exposure in H3BO3 and corrosion cracking tests on unexposed welds were performed. The evaluation of the results revealed that the exposure to the corrosive environment of boric acid did not significantly affect the strength characteristics of the tested material NEUTRONIT A 976 SM.
Corrosion assessment of a bronze equestrian statue exposed to urban environment
Authors: Es Sebar L. , Iannucci L. , Grassini S. , Angelini E. , Parvis M. , Antonino R. , Quaranta G. , Giani C. , Boassa M. , Nicola M.
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the characterization of the conservation state of a bronze equestrian statue exposed outdoor, through an in-situ, multi-analytical, and non-invasive approach. The artefact under study is a bronze equestrian statue, devoted to Alfonso La Marmora, placed in an urban environment in the city of Turin. The investigation was carried out in the framework of a restoration intervention, with the principal aim of characterizing the overall conservation state of the sculpture to provide the conservators with information useful to develop a tailored restoration plan. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) was carried out for the identification of the elements present in the artefact alloy, showing that the statue was made using mainly two bronze alloys. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to study the corrosion mechanisms and to define the protective effectiveness of the patina present on the surfaces. Eventually, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was performed to characterize the chemistry and microstructure of the corrosion products, mainly identified as sulphates. The combination of these techniques allowed to confirm the presence of wax layers from previous restoration work, still capable to protect the metal substrate against corrosion. In addition, it was possible to correlate the conservation state to the exposure conditions and location on the statue.
Exploring the Social Media Culture of Commenting: Youtube Users Sentiments of “Misinformation” on International News Media Sphere.
Authors: Oloo Ong’ong’a Daniel
Published: April 2022

In the 21st century, the Internet has continued to play a role in breaking news and especially inemergency situations. Social media as an alternate public sphere provides users a platform to seekout clarification, debate, and spread information. Information that might be perceived to be misinfor-mation has become a challenge in both the local news and the international media sphere. Althoughdifferent scholars have debated this aspect, a review of the relevant literature indicates that few scho-lars have explored this issue in line with the culture of commenting. The culture of news consumersin the digital age shapes the development of news stories as they seek to find a credible source ofinformation for consumption. This study recognizes that the assumption of misinformation is a verycomplex problem that is subject to diverse cultural analysis and incessant discourse among experts.Therefore, this study explored the sentiments of YouTube users in the international media sphere inregards to perceived misinformation and the social media culture of commenting. The study investi-gated YouTube as a communicative platform through the analysis of the content of YouTube chan-nels owned by the media. The study utilized ExportComments.com, a data extraction tool to extractboth quantitative and qualitative data from the YouTube channels, and conducted a thematic contentqualitative analysis of the comments. This study contributes to the overall public sphere theory. It isimperative for the media to adapt to pro-truth while audience engagement and news media literacyare vital in the age of fake news.
TEKNIK LONGTAKE PADA FILM PENDEK “PAKET” TERINSPIRASI DARI KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Wibowo Philipus Nugroho Hari
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Tulisan ini merupakan hasil Penelitian Terapan berupa Penciptaan Film pendek berjudul “Paket” yang idenya terinspirasi dari kehidupan masyarakat di masa Pandemi Covid 19. Penciptaan film ini mengaplikasikan teknik Longtake dalam konsep pengambilan gambar dan directionnya. Teknik long take adalah metode pengambilan gambar dalam film yang dilakukan dengan durasi yang panjang dan tanpa terputus (cut/pemotongan gambar). Penciptaan Film ini diharapkan menjadi inspirasi bagi sineas untuk tetap berkarya di era Pandemi Covid-19.Kata kunci: Long take, Pandemi Covid-19, Film Pendek, PaketAbstract : This paper is the result of research This paper is the result of an Applied Research in the form of the creation of a short film entitled “Package” whose idea was inspired by people's lives during the Covid 19 Pandemic. The creation of this film applies the Long take technique in the concept of shooting and its direction. The long take technique is a method of taking pictures in a film that is carried out for a long duration and without interruption (cut/cropping of images). The creation of this film is expected to be an inspiration for filmmakers to keep working in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic.Key Words : Long take, Covid-19 Pandemic, Short Movie Film, Package
Analysis of Accounting Education at the World’s Leading Universities and Its Comparison with Turkish Universities
Authors: GÜL Meltem , AKSU İbrahim
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of the present research is to examine the undergraduate and graduate accounting education courses given in the business administration programs at the top 100 universities in the world ranking published by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) in terms of variables, including the course contents and course categories, and compare the education at these universities with the accounting education at Turkish universities. This comparison was made between the best universities in the world and the oldest universities, the best universities, foundation universities, and newly established universities in Turkey. Ten universities were selected for each university group determined in Turkey.The facts that the origins of the world’s best universities date back to very old times and that these universities are located in developed countries and curricula are practice-oriented are among the remarkable results of our study.
Analysis of sanitary and epidemiological safety of students' nutrition for the formation of adaptive immunity to alimentary and viral diseases
Authors: Eliseeva Lyudmila Gennad'evna , Belkin Yurii Dmitrievich , Osman Ali , Molodkina Polina Georgievna , Makhotina Irina Alekseevna , Santuryan Tat'yana Arturovna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the influence of nutrients on the formation of immunity. WHO classifies malnutrition as one of the ten most important risk factors for food security, leads to a decrease in the body's ability to form protective mechanisms of resistance to negative biotic and abiotic factors and contributes to the active spread of alimentary food and viral diseases. Over the past 15 years, the incidence of students has increased by more than 40%. Providing the body with the necessary physiologically active nutrients is of great importance in the formation of psychological resistance to stress. The paper uses the method of questioning students to find out the level of satisfaction of the body with immunomodulating food ingredients. Methods of classification, grouping, generalization and analysis, statistical processing of the results of the answers to the questions posed in relation to eating behavior. In this paper, for the first time, an assessment of the quality and safety of the students' diet was carried out to assess the potential immune status and resistance to coronavirus infection and nutritional diseases. It is confirmed that the students' eating behavior requires significant adjustments. More than 50% of students change their eating behavior while studying at the university. The diet and the recommended frequency of meals are violated. There is a shortage of meat products, fish and dairy products. The excess in the daily diet of flour and confectionery products, fast food was revealed. More than 35-40% have a deficiency of high-grade protein, ω-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, selenium. Proposals have been developed to reduce the deficiency of immunomodulating nutrients, the necessity of introducing biologically active additives and vitamin and mineral complexes into the diet during the exacerbation of the epidemic of viral diseases to increase adaptive potential has been shown. It is proposed to introduce the assessment of the nutritional status of students as a criterion of the potential adaptive potential of students to increase resistance to alimentary and viral diseases
The repressive policy of the Soviet government towards the Church and clergy in 1918-1941 . (on the example of the Tobolsk diocese)
Authors: Tatarnikova Anna Ivanovna
Published: April 2022

The article characterizes the influence of political repressions carried out by the Bolsheviks on the situation of the church and clergy in the 1918-1941-ies. on the example of the Tobolsk diocese. The object of the study is the repressive policy of the Soviet government in 1918-1941, the subject is the church and clergy of the Tobolsk diocese. The influence of the anti-religious policy of the Soviet government on the functioning of churches in the country as a whole, its impact on the work of churches and monasteries in the Tobolsk diocese is considered. Special attention is paid to the study of the reflection of the anti-religious policy of the Bolsheviks in the destinies of the clergy and parishioners of the Tobolsk diocese, the analysis of statistical data on the number of victims of repression among the clergy. Conclusions are drawn about the results of the anti-church policy of the Soviet government in the diocese: mass closure of churches, removal of bells, seizure of church valuables, arrests of clergy, deprivation of their voting rights, executions. In the Tyumen region during the years of the "great terror" 176 representatives of the acting or former clergy were shot. Of these, 17% are women, mostly former nuns. The persons against whom the execution sentence was carried out were divided into several age categories, and the average age of the murdered clergy was determined. The results of the study show the scale of the tragedy in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church caused by the irreconcilable position of the new government in relation to religion.
Studies in Sinology and Translations of the Russian Orthodox Works into Chinese by Archimandrite Daniil (Sivillov)
Authors: Maiatskii D. I. , Zavidovskaia E. A.
Published: April 2022

The paper aims to systematically review the works of the outstanding Russian sinologist, a missionary of the 10th Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing – Archimandrite Daniil (Dmitry P. Sivillov, 1789–1871). The novelty of the study is in the systematic analysis of already known facts about Sivillov`s scholarly endeavors and translations replenished with new facts discovered by the authors, shedding light on Sivillov`s translations of the works of the fathers of the Russian Orthodox church into Chinese. Three previously unknown hand-written translations of religious works made by Arch. Daniil are introduced for the first time. They are stored at the library of St. Petersburg State University and include: ‘The Mirror of the Orthodox Confession’ by St. Dimitry Rostovsky, ‘The Hundred Words by St. Gennady’, liturgical texts and prayers. The paper provides detailed accounts of these manuscripts and draws comparisons between them, concluding that the books contain three versions of the translator`s preface and a short catechism translated into Chinese in order to introduce basic principles of the Christian religion to the descendants of the Albazinians (originally Russian nationals captured by the Qing) who had forgotten their fathers` language and religion. The purpose of these translations has also been in teaching this audience prayers required by the Russian Orthodox church for daily use.
“The Song of the Holy Dream” and Its Bilingual Manuscript from the Book Collection of Archimandrite Peter (Kamensky)
Authors: Kharitonova A. M. , Ruomei L.
Published: April 2022

The article examines a previously unknown manuscript “The Song of the Holy Dream” from the collection of the Academic Library of St. Petersburg State University. It belonged to the head of the Tenth Orthodox Mission in Beijing (1821–1830), Archimandrite Peter (P. I. Kamensky, 1765–1845). The manuscript contains parallel Chinese and Russian texts of the Catholic work “The Vision of St. Bernard” by Bernard of Clairvaux (10 0–1153). It was revealed that the author of the Chinese translation of the ‘Song’ was a Catholic missionary in China, Giulio Aleni (1582–1649). The author of the Russian translation was the Chinese man Peter Zhou Bourgeois, who was a student of Orthodox missionaries in Beijing. The meaning of the ‘Song’ in European Catholic literature and the place of this composition in the missionary activity of the Jesuits in China are explained. It is suggested that the ‘Song’ could serve as a model of didactic Jesuit literature, the purpose of which was to convey to the Chinese inhabitants the moral pillars of Christianity. Previously unknown information about Peter Bourgeois and his Russian translation is introduced. The text of the translation is analyzed and its features are identified. In a comparative analysis of the Chinese original text, the translation by Peter Bourgeois and the translation made by the author of the article, it was concluded that Peter Bourgeois made a word-by-word translation. This translation is mostly accurate, but there are often stylistic and spelling errors, unusual word combinations and specific phrases, which together reveal the translator to be a foreigner who does not speak Russian with sufficient confidence. It turns out that the purpose of the translation was merely exercises for the purpose of Russian language study by Peter Zhou Bourgeois.
Investigation and Analysis on the International Communication Capability of Xinhuanet Russian Version (in Chin.)
Authors: Rong Yang
Published: April 2022

Xinhuanet is a portal of Xinhua News Agency, which is also the most globally influential Chinese website in China. Its Russian version publishes information about China, especially today's China to Russian speakers around the world, provides a window and bridge function in transmitting China's voice, promoting mutual understanding and people-to-people ties. Investigation and analysis of ИА Синьхуа in the Russian-speaking world propagation status, can understand its capabilities and validity of international communication, and also provide reference and experience for relevant media. The key to realizing the capability of news communication is to integrate propagation breadth and validity properly. This survey, is divided into two levels of propagation quantity surveys and propagation values, with data information based on Factiva-Global News Monitoring & Search Engine | DOW Jones, the world's largest digital news database. Starting with six representative keywords about China, this survey investigated the release of relevant content on ИА Синьхуа in the last ten years. The results of the survey showed that, the average display rate in the ИА Синьхуа headlines is 20% of the whole network, which has enhanced the display degree of China on the Internet and achieved the effective coverage of information in a certain extent. Through the comparison and linear regression analysis of the word cloud of high-frequency words with relevant thematic texts in foreign media, it is proved that the frequency of high frequency words in ИА Синьхуа has a significant positive impact on the related values of foreign websites, and the dissemination of which is actively effective. The survey also reflects that there is a problem and deficiency in ИА Синьхуа in terms of international communication, which are mainly reflected in the lack of total volume and continuity of headline dissemination and the difference in focus with foreign media. As an important window for the CIS countries to understand China, ИА Синьхуа needs to further improve the total text volume, especially pay attention to the head- lines design of the text, to make it more in line with the online audience's reading habits. At the same time, in order to continuously improve the external communication power and influence from many aspects such as scale and effect, and continue to provide high-quality information about China for the Russian-speaking world, it is necessary to take into account the information needs and receptive psychology of the audience.
Por uma semântica dos conceitos: teologia da libertação, pobres e igreja (1971-1984)
Authors: Cecatto Adriano
Published: April 2022

Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, a Igreja Católica da América Latina teve como uma de suas marcas o desenvolvimento da Teologia da Libertação, que propunha a práxis social e eclesial em defesa dos pobres. Temos por objetivo analisar a produção teológica de Gustavo Gutiérrez, considerado precursor da Teologia da Libertação. Pretendemos investigar as mudanças e permanências semânticas de Teologia da Libertação, Igreja e Pobres. O quadro teórico-metodológico fundamenta-se na história conceitual (Reinhart Koselleck), com a investigação dos conceitos e seu desenvolvimento semântico atrelado as nuanças sócio-históricas. O conceito de Igreja apresentou maior alteração em função das mudanças institucionais em relação ao campo social e político. Institucionalmente a Igreja Católica assumiu o compromisso com a práxis histórica em relação aos pobres, todavia, tal postura não ocorreu de forma homogênea em função da diversidade de práticas, agentes e contextos eclesiológicos.
“A palavra justiça está mais na bôca de ateus do que cristãos”
Authors: Silva de Moura Carlos André , Ferreira dos Santos Saymmon
Published: April 2022

A atuação de grupos protestantes em Pernambuco adquiriu novas conotações com as ações do Reverendo João Dias de Araújo nos púlpitos da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil. Como defensor de um cristianismo comprometido com questões sociais, o eclesiástico atuou com integrantes de distintas denominações, membros das Ligas Camponesas e foi coadjuvante na corrida eleitoral de Miguel Arraes, nos anos de 1960, para o Governo do Estado. A partir das propostas da História Cultural, analisamos periódicos e documentos da IPB, com o objetivo de compreender a introdução de novos conceitos na teologia reformada. Com o artigo entendemos como os discursos despertaram reações em parte das lideranças, com acusações de que o reverendo compactuava com o Partido Comunista Brasileiro e buscava promover querelas na instituição.
Personalized morphometry of the parameters of the optic disc, peripapillary and macular area of ​​the retina in glaucoma
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Tambov branch, Tambov, Russia, Machekhin V. A. , Lvov V. A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Tambov branch, Tambov, Russia
Published: April 2022

Открытоугольная глаукома была и остается причиной необратимой слепоты и слабовидения, требующей раннего выявления и своевременного лечения. Современная офтальмология дала четкое определение первичной открытоугольной глаукомы как «глаукомная оптическая нейропатия» (ГОН), сочетающей патологические изменения диска зрительного нерва и центрального поля зрения. Компьютерная периметрия центрального поля зрения и компьютерная ретинотомография диска зрительного нерва с помощью HRT (Гейдельбергская когерентная лазерная ретинотомография) и ОСТ (оптическая когерентная томография) достигли достаточно высокого уровня чувствительности исследуемых параметров с определением условных, но четких границ нормы и патологии. Конкуренция между методами HRT и ОСТ, в плане раннего выявления глаукомы, существовала и существует уже не одно десятилетие и мнения авторов различны. По данным литературы, в большинстве случаев, указывается на равные возможности обоих методов, в других – предпочтение отдается методу ОСТ. Но все это обычно решалось на уровне ROC-анализа, т.е. средних значений параметров. Цель работы. Провести морфометрический анализ структурных изменений диска зрительного нерва, перипапиллярной сетчатки и комплекса ганглиозных клеток макулярной области сетчатки при глаукоме с различными стадиями глаукомы и площадью диска, основываясь на индивидуальной оценке всех параметров у каждого пациента. Был применен метод исследования, заключавшийся в проведении анализа каждого глаза, каждого параметра, каждого способа морфометрической оценки всех патологических параметров, используя методы HRT и ОСТ, который мы назвали «Персонализированная морфометрия».
Integrated Solutions to Environmental Protection in Process R&D
Authors: Mak Ching-Pong , Mühle Herbert , Achini Roland
Published: April 2022

For the development of eco-efficient processes needed for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drug substances, Chemical Development in former Sandoz Pharma (the described procedures were developed and established in Sandoz Pharma, and they will have to be harmonized with
the procedures of former Ciba and will continue as redefined Novartis Pharma practice) has chosen a stepwise approach, whereby the solving of safety and ecological issues is synchronized with the total development process, which includes clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological
studies over many years. At the start, when toxicological studies are the prerequisites for any clinical program, and when only the research synthesis is available for scaleup, the emphasis is on speed to deliver the required amount of drug substance for such time-critical activities. Consequently,
only the 'unacceptables' (conditions or reagents which pose threats to the environment (safety, ecology, industrial hygiene)) are to be eliminated at this stage. Further down in development time scale, other improvements of the processes (short cuts, alternative synthesis routes, more cost-effective
reaction conditions and reagents), including the elimination of 'criticals' (conditions and reagents which are tolerable in smaller amounts but should be eliminated before the final manufacturing process is to be established), are to be undertaken. Before any process step is carried out in
the pilot plant, a tailor-made development risk analysis has to be performed where all aspects of safety and ecological considerations are analyzed and resolved. A Safety & Ecology Newsletter, a collection of such 'unacceptables' and 'criticals', as well as proven solutions/alternatives
for them is periodically published by the Process R&D Group of Chemical Development and is circulated to all chemists of the Novartis Group worldwide. This has helped to raise the awareness of such potential problems and their avoidance already at the research level.
First report of q-RASAR modeling towards an approach of easy interpretability and efficient transferability
Authors: Banerjee Arkaprava , Roy Kunal
Published: April 2022

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and read-across techniques have recently been merged into a new emerging field of Read-across Structure-Activity Relationship (RASAR) that uses the chemical similarity concepts of read-across (an unsupervised step) and finally develops a supervised learning model (like QSAR). The RASAR method has so far been used only in the case of graded predictions or classification modeling. In this work, we attempt, for the first time, to apply RASAR for quantitative predictions (q-RASAR) using a case study of androgen receptor binding affinity data. We have computed a number of error-based and similarity-based measures such as weighted standard deviation of the predicted values, coefficient of variation of the computed predictions, average similarity level of close training compounds for each query molecule, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of similarity levels, maximum similarity levels to positive and negative close training compounds, a concordance measure indicating similarity to positive, negative or both classes of close training compounds, etc. We have clubbed these additional measures along with the selected chemical descriptors from the previously developed QSAR model and redeveloped new partial least squares (PLS) models from the training set, and predicted the endpoint using the query data set. Interestingly, these new models outperform the internal and external validation quality of the original QSAR model. In this study, we have also introduced a new similarity-based concordance measure that can significantly contribute to the model quality. A q-RASAR model also has the advantage over read-across predictions in providing easy interpretation and indicating quantitative contributions of important chemical features. The strategy described here should be applicable to other biological/toxicological/property data modeling for enhanced quality of predictions, easy interpretability, and efficient transferability.
Control of dual emission behaviour of μ-oxo-bridged Si(IV) corrole dimers by substituent bulkiness
Authors: Yamagata Kyo , Ueta Kento , Nakai Akito , Osuka Atsuhiro , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: April 2022

The μ-oxo-bridged dimer of Si(IV) corrole has been recently reported to exhibit dual emissive properties depending on the solvent-viscosity. Here we examined the control of the excited-state dynamics and dual emission by meso-aryl substituents. Less hindered 10-unsubstituted and 10-phenyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-Si(IV) corrole dimers and more hindered 5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10-(2,4,6-trimethoxy)phenyl-Si(IV) corrole dimer were newly prepared and characterised. Interestingly, their solid-state structures are different; parallel, anti-parallel or orthogonal. In contrast, the energy-minimized structures in the excited-state have been suggested to be parallel in all cases owing to the significant excimer-like stabilization. As a result, different emission behaviours and viscosity dependence were observed.
Expanding Plastics Recycling Technologies: Chemical Aspects, Technology Status and Challenges
Authors: Li Houqian , Aguirre-Villegas Horacio A. , Allen Robert D. , Bai Xianglan , Benson Craig H. , Beckham Gregg T. , Bradshaw Sabrina L. , Brown Jessica L. , Brown Robert C. , Sanchez Castillo Marco Antonio , Cecon Victor S. , Curley Julia B. , Curtzwiler Greg W. , Dong Son , Gaddameedi Soumika , Garcia John E. , Hermans Ive , Kim Min Soo , Ma Jiaze , Mark Lesli O. , Mavrikakis Manos , Olafasakin Olumide O. , Osswald Tim A. , Papanikolaou Kostas G. , Radhakrishnan Harish , Sánchez-Rivera Kevin L. , Tumu Khairun N. , Van Lehn Reid C. , Vorst Keith L. , Wright Mark M. , Wu Jiayang , Zavala Victor M. , Zhou Panzheng , Huber George W.
Published: April 2022

Less than 10% of the plastics generated globally are recycled, while the rest are incinerated, accumulated in landfills, or leach into the environment. New technologies are emerging to chemically recycle waste plastics that are receiving tremendous interest from academia and industry. Chemists and chemical engineers need to understand the fundamentals of these technologies to design improved systems for chemical recycling and upcycling of waste plastics. In this paper, we review the entire life cycle of plastics and options for the management of plastic waste to address barriers to industrial chemical recycling and further provide perceptions on possible opportunities with such materials. Knowledge and insights to enhance plastic recycling beyond its current scale are provided. Outstanding research problems and where researchers in the field should focus their efforts in the future are also discussed.
The opposite effect of ethylammonium nitrate and tetramethylguanidinium acetate ionic liquids on the amyloidogenesis of lysozyme
Authors: Pillai Visakh , Kumari Pallavi , Kolagatla Srikanth , Garcia Sakai Victoria , Rudić Svemir , Rodriguez Brian , Rubini Marina , Tych Katarzyna , Benedetto Antonio
Published: April 2022

Amyloidogenesis is the process by which proteins form aggregated structures known as amyloid fibrils. They play a key role in a variety of biological processes in healthy organisms, are a characteristic signature of several pathological conditions, and have been exploited as advanced materials. As a result, being able to control amyloidogenesis can have important implications in health and material sciences. In this context, the family of organic electrolytes known as ionic liquids (ILs) can play a decisive role. Here we present a comprehensive investigation using atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical tweezers and neutron scattering into the effect of two model ILs, ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN) and tetramethyl guanidinium acetate (TMGA), on the amyloidogenesis of lysozyme. The AFM study shows the presence of two distinct amyloid fibril morphologies for EAN and TMGA suggesting the presence of two different amyloidogenic pathways, both driven by single protein-IL interactions. Optical tweezers and neutron scattering investigations support and enrich this picture. It emerges that (i) EAN, by reducing the protein mechanical stability via a direct interaction with the protein monomer, favours the formation of oligomers that aggregate into thicker amyloid fibrils, whereas (ii) TMGA, by altering the protein hydration shell, favours the formation of proto-fibrils that aggregate into thinner amyloid fibrils. The AFM investigation also shows that, in the presence of both ILs in the solution, the EAN mechanism of interaction prevails over that of TMGA. This work demonstrates that the huge variety of available ILs can offer a new and vast playground to tune protein amyloidogenesis opening novel ways to use ILs in nano-bio applications from health to material sciences.