bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density log correction for borehole effects and its impact on well-to-seismic tie: Application on a North Sea data set
Authors: de Macedo Isadora A. S. , de Figueiredo Jose Jadsom S. , de Sousa Matias C.
Published: October 2019

Reservoir characterization requires accurate elastic logs. It is necessary to guarantee that the logging tool is stable during the drilling process to avoid compromising the measurements of the physical properties in the formation in the vicinity of the well. Irregularities along the borehole may happen, especially if the drilling device is passing through unconsolidated formations. This affects the signals recorded by the logging tool, and the measurements may be more impacted by the drilling mud than by the formation. The caliper log indicates the change in the diameter of the borehole with depth and can be used as an indicator of the quality of other logs whose data have been degraded by the enlargement or shrinkage of the borehole wall. Damaged well-log data, particularly density and velocity profiles, affect the quality and accuracy of the well-to-seismic tie. To investigate the effects of borehole enlargement on the well-to-seismic tie, an analysis of density log correction was performed. This approach uses Doll’s geometric factor to correct the density log for wellbore enlargement using the caliper readings. Because the wavelet is an important factor on the well tie, we tested our methodology with statistical and deterministic wavelet estimations. For both cases, the results using the real data set from the Viking Graben field — North Sea indicated up to a 7% improvement on the correlation between the real and synthetic seismic traces for well-to-seismic tie when the density correction was made.
Changing prevalence and treatment of depression among older people over two decades
Authors: Arthur Antony , Savva George M. , Barnes Linda E. , Borjian-Boroojeny Ayda , Dening Tom , Jagger Carol , Matthews Fiona E. , Robinson Louise , Brayne Carol ,   the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies Collaboration
Published: October 2019

Background

Depression is a leading cause of disability, with older people particularly susceptible to poor outcomes.

Aims

To investigate whether the prevalence of depression and antidepressant use have changed across two decades in older people.

Method

The Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and CFAS II) are two English population-based cohort studies of older people aged ≥65 years, with baseline measurements for each cohort conducted two decades apart (between 1990 and 1993 and between 2008 and 2011). Depression was assessed by the Geriatric Mental State examination and diagnosed with the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer-Assisted Taxonomy algorithm.

Results

In CFAS I, 7635 people aged ≥65 years were interviewed, of whom 1457 were diagnostically assessed. In CFAS II, 7762 people were interviewed and diagnostically assessed. Age-standardised depression prevalence in CFAS II was 6.8% (95% CI 6.3–7.5%), representing a non-significant decline from CFAS I (risk ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.64–1.07, P = 0.14). At the time of CFAS II, 10.7% of the population (95% CI 10.0–11.5%) were taking antidepressant medication, more than twice that of CFAS I (risk ratio 2.79, 95% CI 1.96–3.97, P < 0.0001). Among care home residents, depression prevalence was unchanged, but the use of antidepressants increased from 7.4% (95% CI 3.8–13.8%) to 29.2% (95% CI 22.6–36.7%).

Conclusions

A substantial increase in the proportion of the population reporting taking antidepressant medication is seen across two decades for people aged ≥65 years. However there was no evidence for a change in age-specific prevalence of depression.
Sanctuary Everywhere
Authors: Buff Rachel Ida
Published: October 2019

This essay considers the historical roots of contemporary sanctuary practices. It traces these roots in the protocols adopted by the 1951 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Convention, tracing the contradictory implementation of these protocols in US policy and practice. It argues that the UNHCR Convention created a distinction between refugees and migrants that met challenges from sanctuary activists responding to the depredations of the US-backed “dirty wars” in Central America during the 1980s. The sanctuary movement contested this distinction, as did the subsequent evolution of immigration and refugee policy. In the current period, the erosion of this distinction by ascendant xenophobia also creates space for the emergence of new definitions and practices of the right to sanctuary and freedom of movement.
Sanctuary in a Small Southern City
Authors: Lambelet Kyle B. T.
Published: October 2019

Anton Flores-Maisonet did not set out to provide sanctuary. Yet, accompanying immigrants in LaGrange, Georgia, Flores found he was called to a set of political activities of resistance and solidarity that added up to a practice of creating sanctuary with his undocumented neighbors. Though we typically think of sanctuary as a potentially confrontational political act enabled by the invocation of religious authority, in Flores’s practice sanctuary combines social work as triage and social change as revolution. While sanctuary does not resolve the tension between these models, this interview examines the ways that the practice of sanctuary has provided an orienting point of conceptual and political integration. Sanctuary, in this case, is constructed by a set of everyday tasks: it does not rely on traditional, religious authority alone but is animated by an improvisational political theology that creates platforms for solidarity in which love crosses borders.
Policing Intensity
Authors: Carruthers Andrew M.
Published: October 2019

How do everyday acts of policing hinge upon the contrastive evaluation of sensible intensities? This article examines how various attunements toward regimes of sensible intensities shape the policing of borders and bodies in a place where questions of the “sovereign” and identifications of the “illegal” are semiotically and politically up for grabs: the Indonesia-Malaysia borderlands. In two expository sketches, it examines the various ways in which the Indonesia-Malaysia border is policed as a virtual threshold between people and places considered to be “more-or-less the same.”
Carceral Oversight
Authors: Velasquez-Potts Michelle C.
Published: October 2019

Since 2002, prisoners at Guantánamo Bay detention camp have been force-fed as punishment for hunger striking, prompting the question of at what point the medical clinic becomes a site of punitive suffering. This essay examines force-feeding as an instantiation of the tension between authority, visuality, and pain. Through a detailed analysis of prisoner testimonials, the policy manual Medical Management of Detainees on Hunger Strike, and a video project by human rights organization Reprieve featuring artist Yasiin Bey simulating the “proper” techniques for force-feeding, the author argues that pain becomes the basis of not only political subjectivity but also relationality between those held captive and the spectator.
Speculative Policing
Authors: Jaffe Rivke
Published: October 2019

This article develops a theorization of “speculative policing”: an experimental, future-oriented form of policing that connects crime prevention to real-estate speculation and other forms of negotiating urban risk and uncertainty. Speculative policing works to establish a specific sociopolitical order; renders economically productive the differentiated and dynamic value of urban spaces and populations; and involves flexible, provisional interventions that anticipate failure and skirt the edges of the law. Speculative policing combines three future-oriented phenomena that engage with risk and uncertainty in different ways: preventive policing, realestate speculation, and experimental modes of governance. These phenomena are in themselves not necessarily new; the specificity of speculative policing lies in the conjunction of these three phenomena in contemporary cities. Their combination implies the emergence of a new mode of urban security governance, a form of political and economic rationality that is speculative both in its underlying logic and in its everyday implementation.
The Exceptional Prison
Authors: Bueno Samira , Willis Graham Denyer
Published: October 2019

Between 2013 and 2016, police in one Brazilian city killed 3,287 people—66.5 percent of whom were black. It might not seem surprising, then, that this place is also one of the only in the world that has a prison just for police. But this prison is exceptional, a “model” place, as those who run it say. It isn’t “dungeon-like” or a “warehouse of black lives,” as scholars describe prisons in this country and elsewhere. Among an apiary, a tilapia pond, and groves of citrus trees, few police are here because they killed on the job. Using ethnography from in and outside this prison, we examine narratives of socialization, redemption, and mundane and exceptional killing to illustrate what operates beneath the public veneer of the punishment of police. This lays bare key assumptions about the function of policing and the possibility of reform amid capitalism, in a vital moment of global political rupture. To speak of impunity for police violence, or of iterative gains in reform, is to dramatically misunderstand the work of policing.
Draft genome assembly and transcriptome sequencing of the golden algae Hydrurus foetidus (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Bråte Jon , Fuss Janina , Mehrota Shruti , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Klaveness Dag
Published: October 2019

Hydrurus foetidus is a freshwater chrysophyte alga. It thrives in cold rivers in polar and high alpine regions. It has several morphological traits reminiscent of single-celled eukaryotes, but can also form macroscopic thalli. Despite its ability to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, its life under cold conditions and its variable morphology, very little is known about its genome and transcriptome. Here, we present an extensive set of next-generation sequencing data, including genomic short reads from Illumina sequencing and long reads from Nanopore sequencing, as well as full length cDNAs from PacBio IsoSeq sequencing and a small RNA dataset (smaller than 200 bp) sequenced with Illumina. The genome sequences were combined  to produce an assembly consisting of 5069 contigs, with a total assembly size of 171 Mb and a 77% BUSCO completeness. The new data generated here may contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and ecological roles of chrysophyte algae, as well as to resolve the branching patterns at a larger phylogenetic scale.
Case Report: Facial mixed fungal infection in a poorly responding non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patient with suspected immunodeficiency
Authors: Mostafa Ali , Gaber Mervat , Abdelrahman Hany , ElAnwar Noha , Galal Ahmed
Published: October 2019

A male child presented with left lacrimal gland and right submandibular masses that were diagnosed as high grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Immunodeficiency was suspected, mostly due to secondary to Epstein Barr virus infection. Chemotherapy was started and gradual regression was observed in the size of the lesions forming a central necrosis and facial wound. Cultures from this wound showed mixed gram negative growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Two days later, a follow up swab of the wound was taken and showed fungal growth of mixed Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus laurentii which was treated with two antifungals (fluconazole and liposomal amphotericin B). After a second chemotherapy cycle, the facial necrotic lesion increased in size and the patient's general condition markedly deteriorated with multi-organ system failure secondary to septic shock by candidemia. Candida glabrata, which is non-Candida albicans fungus was the fungus that appeared in the patient's blood culture. Caspofungin was prescribed in addition to liposomal amphotericin B. two days later, the follow up blood culture revealed growth of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the pulmonary condition of the patient then deteriorated gradually. Six days later, the patient developed multi-organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to sepsis. We conclude that we mixed fungal infection in not uncommon among immunocompromised patients, candidemia is fatal even if treated with the correct antifungals.
Glycemic control monitoring in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes: a descriptive study from programmatic setting in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Gurukartick J. , Murali Lakshmi , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Jacob Anil G. , Samy M. M. , Dheenadayal D. , Aslesh O. P. , Marimuthu Ganesh , Ananthakrishnan Ramya , Krishnan Nalini
Published: October 2019

Background: India’s national tuberculosis (TB) programme recommends that among patients with diabetes mellitus and TB, fasting blood glucose (FBG) be recorded at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase of TB treatment. We conducted this operational research in select districts of Tamil Nadu, India, in 2016 to determine the availability of blood glucose records and glycemic control status during TB treatment.

Methods: This was a descriptive study involving secondary programme data. Glycemic control during TB treatment was ‘optimal’ if both baseline and end of intensive phase FBG (during TB treatment) were <130 mg/dl. In the absence of FBG, we used random blood glucose (RBG), with <180 mg/dl as the cut off.

Results: Of 438 patients, FBG at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase were each available in <20%. Glycemic control status was known for 94% (412/438) patients at baseline and for 91% (400/438) during TB treatment. Among those with known glycemic status, glycemic control was not optimal in 77% of patients (316/412) at baseline and in 84% (337/400) during TB treatment. The proportion of patients with unfavourable TB treatment outcomes at the end of intensive phase was 11% (46/438) and at the end of continuation phase was 5% (21/438). We decided against assessing factors associated with glycemic control during TB treatment and association between glycemic control and TB treatment outcomes because glycemic control assessment, if any, was based mostly on RBG values.

Conclusion: Among patients with diabetes and tuberculosis, recording of FBG during tuberculosis treatment requires urgent attention.
Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed 2030 goal for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT)
Authors:   NTD Modelling Consortium Discussion Group on Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis
Published: October 2019

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a parasitic, vector-borne neglected tropical disease that has historically affected populations across West and Central Africa and can result in death if untreated. Following from the success of recent intervention programmes against gHAT, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a 2030 goal of global elimination of transmission (EOT). The key proposed indicator to measure achievement of the goal is to have zero reported cases. Results of previous mathematical modelling and quantitative analyses are brought together to explore both the implications of the proposed indicator and the feasibility of achieving the WHO goal.

Whilst the indicator of zero case reporting is clear and measurable, it is an imperfect proxy for EOT and could arise either before or after EOT is achieved. Lagging reporting of infection and imperfect diagnostic specificity could result in case reporting after EOT, whereas the converse could be true due to underreporting, lack of coverage, and cryptic human and animal reservoirs. At the village-scale, the WHO recommendation of continuing active screening until there are three years of zero cases yields a high probability of local EOT, but extrapolating this result to larger spatial scales is complex.

Predictive modelling of gHAT has consistently found that EOT by 2030 is unlikely across key endemic regions if current medical-only strategies are not bolstered by improved coverage, reduced time to detection and/or complementary vector control.  Unfortunately, projected costs for strategies expected to meet EOT are high in the short term and strategies that are cost-effective in reducing burden are unlikely to result in EOT by 2030. Future modelling work should aim to provide predictions while taking into account uncertainties in stochastic dynamics and infection reservoirs, as well as assessment of multiple spatial scales, reactive strategies, and measurable proxies of EOT.
The association between exaggeration in health-related science news and academic press releases: a replication study
Authors: Bratton Luke , Adams Rachel C. , Challenger Aimée , Boivin Jacky , Bott Lewis , Chambers Christopher D. , Sumner Petroc
Published: October 2019

Background: Exaggerations in health news were previously found to strongly associate with similar exaggerations in press releases. Moreover, such press release exaggerations did not appear to attract more news.

Methods: Here we tested the replicability of these findings in a new cohort of news and press releases based on research in UK universities in 2014 and 2015. Press releases and news were compared to their associated peer-reviewed articles to define exaggeration in advice, causal claims and human inference from non-human studies.

Results: We found that the association between news and press releases did not replicate for advice exaggeration, while this association did replicate for causal claims and human inference from non-human studies. There was no evidence for higher news uptake for exaggerated press releases, consistent with previous results. Base exaggeration rates were lower for human inference from non-human studies, possibly reflecting the Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK.

Conclusions: Overall, the picture remains that the strength of news statements is normally associated with the strength of press release statements, and without evidence that exaggerated statements get significantly more news.
Practical applications of the analysis of the environment of functioning (Data envelope Analysis) to the solution of problems of ecological management
Authors: Ратнер Светлана , Ratnyer Svyetlana
Published: October 2019

Methodology of analysis of the operating environment (in the English version — Data envelope Analysis) for the last 30 years is one of the most popular and dynamically developing areas in operations research. Whereas previously the DEA models were known only to professional mathematicians, in recent years there have been many new and interesting applications of the DEA methodology to solving a wide range of management problems from various areas of management. The popularity of DEA is explained, on the one hand, by the fact that this methodology is based on the fundamental principles of mathematical Economics, which allows to obtain modeling results that are quite easily interpreted from the point of view of the economist. On the other hand, the advantage of DEA is the ability to model the activities of economic agents in the absence of any assumptions about the form of functional dependence between the inputs consumed by them and the outputs produced, i.e. to consider the activity of any production system as a "black box".
However, the methodology of the DEA is still little known in Russia, as indirectly evidenced by the lack of generally accepted Russian-language terminology in this area. The few publications devoted to DEA, as a rule, are written for specialists with serious mathematical training.
The monograph is intended to acquaint a wide audience of students, undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners from the field of management with the possibilities of using the DEA methodology for solving a wide class of practical problems. A feature of the monograph is the focus on a relatively new class of DEA models specifically designed to solve problems in the field of environmental management.
TEACHING LEADERSHIP IN ‘MAJOR’ CONTEXTS: A ‘Minor’ Application
Authors: Leupold Christopher R.
Published: October 2019

This article describes an innovative upper-level leadership studies minor course that was created to provide a transdisciplinary-type of experience for students. Seminar and student-led in format, the general framework of the course, Leadership in ‘Major’ Contexts, involved students identifying topics from their own major disciplines and critically applying leadership theories, models, and concepts to them. In addition to reinforcing the idea that ‘leadership is for everyone and every discipline,’ students observed that, despite differences in their academic studies and intended career paths, the leadership process is actually quite similar across them. Borrowing from Super’s self-concept theory of career development, the course also helped students further explore their vocational identities as they transitioned from collegiate to post-graduation careers and leadership.
LEADERSHIP EDUCATION BEYOND THE CLASSROOM: Characteristics of Student Affairs Leadership Educators
Authors: Dunn Allison , Moore Lori L. , Bailey Krista J. , Odom Summer F. , Briers Gary A.
Published: October 2019

Currently, more students receive leadership education from student affairs offerings than academic leadership courses. Using two simultaneous Delphi panels, Group A – 17 student affairs managers and Group B – 20 student affairs preparatory program faculty members, this study sought to identify the characteristics of a student affairs leadership educator. While there was agreement (93.8%, n = 32) that student affairs practitioners are leadership educators, there was a disconnect between the two panels in how leadership education should be demonstrated within the context of student affairs. These findings support previous research that student affairs practitioners and preparatory program faculty disagree on the characteristics needed to be a successful student affairs practitioner and expands the impact of these findings into the area of leadership education.
Crowdfunding, Financing Constraints, and Real Effects
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Langberg Nisan , Zvilichovsky David
Published: October 2019

We study the feasibility and optimal design of presale crowdfunding contracts where participating consumers pay a premium above the future expected spot price and financially constrained entrepreneurs balance the potential product–market distortions introduced through presale crowdfunding against the cost of traditional external financing. Our analysis shows how such crowdfunding contracts enable the execution of projects that could not be otherwise undertaken and highlights novel interactions between the cost of capital, demand uncertainty, and production. Tighter financing constraints reduce the ability of the monopolist to extract surplus but, contrary to the usual result, may increase production. We evaluate how uncertainty and market size reduce the price-discriminating power of the monopolist and affect the optimal contract regime. Nevertheless, we show how such presale price-discriminating contracts are implementable even when the number of potential consumers is relatively high and their individual demand is stochastic.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Transtornos mentais comuns em residentes de enfermagem: uma análise a partir do Self Reporting Questionnaire
Authors: Falco Camila Biscácio , Fabri Janaina Mengal Gomes , Oliveira Elias Barbosa , Silva Alexandre Vicente , Faria Magda Guimarães de Araújo , Kestenberg Célia Caldeira Fonseca
Published: October 2019

Objetivos: verificar a suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em residentes de enfermagem e analisar os fatores preditores. Método: estudo transversal com uma amostra de 130 residentes de um hospital universitário, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro, que responderam ao Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e questões sociodemográficas, em 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Estudo aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a amostra foi composta, em sua maioria, por jovens, solteiros e do sexo feminino, cuja suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns atingiu 52%. Dos fatores preditores mais frequentes, 87,53% afirmaram sentirem-se nervosos, tensos e preocupados, 60,7%, cansados o tempo todo e 57,7% dormem mal. Conclusão: a suspeição de TMC na amostra encontra-se bem acima de estudos realizados com profissionais da saúde e áreas afins, cujos fatores preditores evidenciam sofrimento psíquico e risco de evolução para quadros psiquiátricos severos.
Sífilis congênita no recém-nascido: repercussões para a mãe
Authors: Silva Jéssica Gama da , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Ribeiro Juliane Portella , Nobre Camila Magroski Goulart , Nörberg Pâmela Kath de Oliveira , Mota Marina Soares
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: conhecer as repercussões do diagnóstico da Sífilis Congênita no recém-nascido para a mãe. Método: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com 15 mães de recém-nascidos com Sífilis Congênita  e internados em um hospital público do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidos à análise de conteúdo e aprovados pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: as mães manifestaram sentimentos de culpa, desespero, tristeza e horror. Havia esperança de não passar a infecção para o recém-nascido. Verificou-se a reincidência da doença em mais de uma gestação. Referiram medo do estigma social e buscaram informações  motherstoresultss, mothersth cernadasacerca da doença na internet, como também com médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusão: há desinformação das mães quanto à infecção da sífilis, principalmente sobre como evitar a transmissão vertical e a reinfecção. Cabe ao enfermeiro, instrumentalizar a mãe para o cuidado ao recém-nascido com Sífilis Congênita, por meio de um processo educativo que qualifique o cuidado da criança e da mãe.
A sintomatologia depressiva entre lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transexuais: um olhar para a saúde mental
Authors: Silva Bianca Luna da , Melo Dayana Souza de , Mello Rosâne
Published: October 2019

Objetivos: analisar a incidência da sintomatologia depressiva entre lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transexuais (LGBT), de dois cenários distintos, e sua relação com a sexualidade desses indivíduos. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, mediante análise estatística, realizada entre os anos de 2016 a 2018, e que aplicou o Inventário de Depressão de Beck - II (BDI- II) do Hospital Uiversitário Gaffrée e Guinle (HUGG) e na Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto (EEAP), ambos localizados no município do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 76 pessoas. A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitê de Ética.  Resultados: No HUGG foi observado indicativo de depressão mínima. Na EEAP, foi observado indicativo de depressão moderada. As disparidades podem ser justificadas pela diferença de idade, os impactos do processo de disclosure e estigmas do portador de HIV. Conclusão: observou-se que a família é fundamental na saúde mental entre LGBT e que é necessário mais pesquisas sobre o tema.
Coordenação da atenção primária: limites e possibilidades para a integração do cuidado
Authors: Paixão Tatiana Monteiro da , Sousa Ana Inês , Souza Maria Helena Do Nascimento , Farias Sheila Nascimento Pereira de
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: avaliar o atributo coordenação do cuidado na atenção primária à saúde na perspectiva de profissionais de equipes de saúde da família. Método: estudo seccional realizado com 349 profissionais de equipes saúde da família da área programática 3.1, por meio da aplicação do questionário Primary Care Assessment Tool. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: o atributo coordenação do cuidado teve uma boa avaliação (escore 7,1), estando acima do ponto de corte esperado, 6,6. Observou-se um desconhecimento do fluxo dos usuários nos serviços especializados da rede de atenção à saúde (escore=6,2) e uma deficiência no sistema de referência e contrareferência (escore=4,6). Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade da comunicação entre os profissionais da rede de atenção à saúde, a fim de melhorar o sistema de referência e contrareferência e possibilitar a integração dos cuidados prestados à população.
The fight against cancer: is harnessing the immune system the ultimate strategy?
Authors: Watson Edmund , Danby Robert
Published: October 2019

Malignancy is a micro-evolutionary phenomenon shaped by selection pressures. Chief among these is the adaptive immune system, which recognizes malignant cells as a threat and attempts to eradicate them. The task is not easily achieved – if it were, cancer would not be a part of our human experience. The field of immunotherapy has rapidly expanded over the last two decades. It has produced some of the most exciting results of 21st century medicine, and has deepened clinicians' understanding of the relationship between malignancy and the immune response. This review discusses this relationship and analyses key tools in the immunotherapy arsenal.
Haemostatic radiotherapy for bleeding cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Hughes Christopher , Radhakrishna Ganesh
Published: October 2019

Bleeding can cause significant morbidity in patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Palliative radiotherapy can palliate bleeding effectively across numerous cancer sites such as the lung and rectum. The data available regarding the role in bleeding from upper gastrointestinal cancers are limited to a single meta-analysis, a phase 2 trial, eleven retrospective cohorts and two case reports, with the majority focusing on gastric cancer. From the data available radiotherapy appears to be a well-tolerated, effective haemostatic agent that should be considered in all patients with bleeding from an upper gastrointestinal malignancy. Questions remain regarding the radiobiology of haemostasis and the optimum fractionation schedule. There is no convincing evidence that protracted higher dose regimens provide additional benefit. Commonly used fractionation schedules use 1, 5 or 10 fractions. Short fractionation schedules have been used in patients with deteriorating performance status.
Femoroacetabular impingement in young adults: assessment and management
Authors: Matar Hosam E , Rajpura Asim , Board Tim N
Published: October 2019

Femoroacetabular impingement is a cause of hip pain in young adults as a result of premature dynamic contact between the femur and acetabulum that occurs within the physiological range of hip motion. Diagnosis is made by patient history, clinical examination and radiographic findings. Cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance arthrography may be necessary in selected patients. Femoroacetabular impingement can be treated non-operatively with physiotherapist-led conservative care including analgesia and intra-articular steroid injections. Arthroscopic hip surgery aiming to restore pain-free functional range of movement and repair damaged labrum can help in selected patients with no pre-existing osteoarthritis. This review outlines the clinical assessment, investigations and management of femoroacetabular impingement in young adults.
Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 in critically ill patients
Authors: Hargreaves IP , Mantle D
Published: October 2019

Multiple organ dysfunction and resultant mortality in critically ill patients has been linked with impaired cellular energy supply and oxidative stress. Clinical studies supplementing selenium, on the basis of its role as a key cofactor of antioxidant enzymes, have reported variable outcomes in critically ill patients. However, the synergistic interaction between selenium and coenzyme Q10, which has essential roles in cellular energy supply and as an antioxidant, has not been considered in such studies. This article reviews the link between selenium and coenzyme Q10, and the potential role of their co-supplementation in critical illness.
Identifying emergency pathology on abdominopelvic CT for non-radiologists
Authors: Evans Oscar , Rea Benjamin , Shareef Twana
Published: October 2019

Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans can be complex to interpret but sometimes significant abnormalities are relatively easy to recognize. In emergencies it is beneficial if physicians and surgeons can identify significant pathology that may immediately change patient management. Early image interpretation will allow clinicians to alert radiologists to provide prompt urgent reports, facilitate early referral to other specialities or expedite emergency surgery.

This article provides non-radiologists with a systematic approach to identifying emergency pathology on abdominal and pelvic CT scans. It reviews the relevant cross-sectional anatomy and discusses the CT appearances of bowel perforation, bowel obstruction, bowel ischaemia (gangrene), bleeding, appendicitis and hydronephrosis using illustrative examples from the authors' clinical practice. Underlying causes for these conditions and the importance of interpreting the radiological appearances in conjunction with the patient's clinical condition and history are discussed. The authors hope that by using the POGBAH acronym and a systematic approach readers will be able to identify emergency pathology on abdominal and pelvic CT which may improve patient care.
Management of rib fractures
Authors: Jeffery Zachary , Everson Matthew , Carty Suzanne
Published: October 2019

Rib fractures are a common reason for hospital admission and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the management of simple rib fractures and provides practical guidance for junior doctors involved in the care of these patients. Careful assessment to identify patients at high risk of complications is essential and calculation of a rib fracture score can aid management decisions. Pain from rib fractures can be severe and requires multimodal analgesia started promptly and proactively on hospital admission. This may include the use of regional anaesthetic techniques such as thoracic epidurals and erector spinae blocks for patients with significant chest trauma or those at high risk of pulmonary complications.
An insight into laser tattoo removal: reasoning, methods and limitations
Authors: Boardman Carla
Published: October 2019

This article aims to review the possible reasons a patient may wish to remove their tattoo using lasers, as well as providing an overview of the tattooing process within the skin, where the tattoo ink particles lay within the skin's structures and how lasers specifically target unwanted ink particles within the skin. An exploration into various tattoo removal methods, with a more in-depth focus on laser tattoo removal with its associated risks and limitations will also be addressed.
The stiff total knee arthroplasty: causes, treatment modalities and results
Authors: Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos
Published: October 2019

It is clear that the stiff total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a multifactorial entity associated with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Management of the stiff TKA is best achieved by preventing its occurrence using strategies to control preoperative factors, avoid intraoperative technical errors and perform aggressive, painless postoperative physical medicine and rehabilitation; adequate pain control is paramount in non-invasive management. Careful attention to surgical exposure, restoring gap balance, minimizing surgical trauma to the patellar ligament/extensor mechanism, appropriate implant selection, pain control and adequate physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiotherapy, Astym therapy) all serve to reduce its incidence. For established stiff TKA, there are multiple treatment options available including mobilization under anaesthesia (MUA), arthroscopic arthrolysis, revision TKA, and combined procedures.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:602-610. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180105
Do positivismo ao positivismo jurídico: reverberações na formação do Bacharel em Direito
Authors: Pereira Ricardo Morais , Siquelli Sônia Aparecida
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo analisa as ideias pedagógicas do ensino jurídico no Brasil, numa perspectiva histórica e política, buscando questionar como o pensamento positivista exerceu e ainda exerce influência na formação dos profissionais do Direito, uma vez que, atualmente, o perfil do egresso tem se mostrado com características de um profissional técnico, entretanto incapaz muitas vezes de exercer uma reflexão de sua própria prática. Concebida no século XIX, a escola positivista, que teve como precursor o filósofo Augusto Comte, sustentava que apenas as leis estabelecidas pela ciência deveriam ser aceitas. No campo jurídico, o positivismo foi detalhadamente trabalhado pelo jurista e filósofo austríaco Hans Kelsen em sua obra “A Teoria Pura do Direito”, que corroborou a influência do positivismo filosófico no campo jurídico, ao sustentar que apenas a lei é capaz de realizar plenamente o Direito. Para o rígido pensamento, a norma se basta, sendo a principal fonte do Direito, prevalecendo sobre todas as demais. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de uma análise bibliográfica dos conceitos filosóficos jurídicos que compõem a formação deste profissional. Também foi feita uma investigação documental nas diretrizes curriculares apontadas pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC). Os resultados finais desta pesquisa identificaram que o positivismo jurídico continua influenciando a formação do bacharel do Direito. No entanto, não é o único fator que forja o atual profissional da área jurídica.
Significando a experiência: autoanálise de três professores iniciantes no Estágio Supervisionado
Authors: Miqueletti Eliane Aparecida , Biasotto Milenne , Figueiredo Tiago Dziekaniak
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho, em forma de relato reflexivo, visa apresentar a experiência profissional de três professores formadores em seu primeiro contato com o Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório nos cursos de Letras e Matemática da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). A partir da produção do relato reflexivo, que funcionará como mecanismo de autoanálise, buscaremos atribuir significados às experiências por nós vivenciadas entre os anos de 2016 e 2017. Para isso, no primeiro momento, apresentaremos informações sobre a formação desses professores orientadores e as primeiras impressões com o Estágio Supervisionado. Logo depois, os caminhos percorridos por esses profissionais na tentativa de construção de uma formação inicial intermediada pelo Estágio Supervisionado. Esperamos, com isso, aprofundar a relação dialógica entre teoria, prática e reflexão sobre a prática no componente curricular que conduzimos, propiciando tanto melhorias para a formação inicial dos futuros docentes que orientamos, como uma relação mais estreita entre universidade e educação básica. Verificamos que o Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório envolve fatores estruturais e pedagógicos que influenciam no seu desenvolvimento, entre eles estão: o descompasso entre o calendário escolar da educação básica e da universidade, a quantidade de estagiários por orientador de estágio, o perfil dos estagiários, sobretudo dos cursos noturnos. Refletir sobre nossas práticas, amparados por teorias que fundamentam essa reflexão, leva-nos a atribuir significação às nossas ações, e, consequentemente, a buscar mudanças quando necessárias.
Valorização dos profissionais ou desprofissionalização na educação infantil? “novas” e “velhas” representações do professor
Authors: Moreira Jani Alves da Silva , Saito Heloísa Irie , Volsi Maria Eunice França , Lazaretti Lucinéia Maria
Published: October 2019

Objetivamos, neste texto, analisar as políticas que constituem a profissionalização do professor e o processo de desprofissionalização do docente da Educação Infantil, a fim de identificar os dilemas atuais em torno dos critérios e do conceito de ser professor nessa etapa da educação básica. Trata-se de uma análise crítica de documentos de fontes oficiais governamentais, que foram levantados em uma pesquisa desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Trabalho (GT) Pirapó, vinculado ao Fórum de Educação Infantil do Paraná (Feipar) e ao Movimento Interfóruns de Educação Infantil do Brasil (Mieib), no período de 2015 a 2017. As análises mediadas são relevantes, pois apresentam a defesa da formação específica ao profissional que atua na Educação Infantil. Elencamos, como conclusão, a necessidade da permanência de professores com formação pedagógica na Educação Infantil, porque entendemos que tal formação potencializa o desenvolvimento de um trabalho pedagógico que articula o cuidar e o educar, permitindo assim uma Educação Infantil de qualidade para todas as crianças.
Funcionamento do atendimento educacional especializado na educação infantil: descrição da opinião de pais e professores
Authors: Pacco Aline Ferreira Rodrigues , Cia Fabiana
Published: October 2019

É preconizado pela política que crianças em idade pré-escolar público alvo da educação especial receba o atendimento educacional especializado - AEE, assim o presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o funcionamento do AEE, na Educação Infantil a partir da opinião do professor do AEE, professor do ensino colaborativo, professor da sala comum e da família. Realizou-se um estudo em que participaram quatro professores de salas de aula comum, um professor da sala de recursos multifuncionais, um professor do ensino colaborativo e dois familiares de alunos com deficiência. Foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com os participantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de agrupamento de eixo temático. Os resultados demonstraram que todos os participantes compreendem a importância do trabalho na Sala de Recursos Multifuncional, no entanto, alguns professores apontam que a presença do professor colaborativo em sala de aula está sendo mais benéfica para o processo de inclusão escolar. Além disso, percebe-se que a relação entre os professores e a família ainda carece de estabelecimento de maior comunicação e confiança.
Ensino de ditadura civil-militar em tempos de “Escola Sem Partido”
Authors: Farias José Airton de , Oliveira Danielle Rodrigues de
Published: October 2019

Este artigo aborda como a organização Escola Sem Partido (ESP) trata o ensino da ditadura civil-militar. As estratégias, objetivos e atuações da ESP são avaliados, bem como é traçada uma discussão historiográfica sobre as memórias em debate acerca da ditadura civil-militar. A metodologia está embasada na análise de algumas fontes documentais produzidas pela ESP, objetivando refinar a compreensão das forças sociais e dos sujeitos envolvidos com o movimento e com os interesses subjacentes ao seu discurso. Assim, problematiza o modo escolar e acadêmico de lidar com o ensino da ditadura civil-militar, percebendo que, ao contrário da necessidade de um debate democrático sobre o processo de ensino, a ESP defende o retorno de visões que corroboram com a ditadura típica dos anos 60 e 70. Diante disso, o estudo de temas traumáticos permanece relevante nos dias atuais e, apesar das pressões feitas pela ESP e por outras forças conservadoras, a ditadura civil-militar deve ser abordada de forma crítica, sendo problematizada em suas diferentes versões a partir dos conflitos de memória.
O friso da vida: uma biografia de Edvard Munch sob a percepção de alunos
Authors: Assis Eliasaf Rodrigues de , Carneiro Kleber Tüxen , Marion José Carlos , Azevedo Fernanda Tüxen
Published: October 2019

O presente texto apresenta um relato pedagógico sobre uma exposição das obras do pintor norueguês: Edvard Munch, em uma turma de ensino superior. A exposição encerrou uma unidade didática sobre moral e ética, na qual a teoria do desenvolvimento moral de Lawrence Kolhberg foi abordada. A experiência evidenciou como a interação dos alunos foi amplamente satisfatória e como o uso da arte em sala de aula pode ser uma experiência formativa auspiciosa, contanto que as condições objetivas, isto é, a devida preparação e organização dos aspectos didáticos, tanto quanto a mediação pedagógica possibilitem uma espécie de "sensibilização do olhar" discente.
Linguagem e o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Química: leituras contemporâneas de Vigotski apoiadas por Tomasello
Authors: Silva Fernando César
Published: October 2019

A partir de uma perspectiva sociocultural, o papel da linguagem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Química ultrapassa a característica de um simples veículo para a transferência de informações, como por exemplo, nomes de substâncias, vidrarias de laboratório e fórmulas. Neste contexto, o papel da linguagem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem baseado nos estudos de Vigostski ressalta a importância da natureza social e cultural das atividades mentais. E, a inserção das ideias de Tomasello enriquece a discussão dos processos culturais no desenvolvimento da aquisição da linguagem. Para essa discussão, em forma de ensaio teórico, a partir de leituras contemporâneas desses autores, são estabelecidas algumas aproximações entre suas ideias. A apresentação dessas semelhanças permite clarear o entendimento dos professores acerca do novo papel da linguagem, além de enfatizar implicações importantes relacionadas ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Química, tais como: i) os estudantes precisam participar de sua própria aquisição da linguagem científica; ii) essa aquisição pode ser mais efetiva pela problematização, e não pela memorização e, iii) os professores devem reconhecer como os estudantes estão percebendo essa linguagem, e não, simplesmente, considerá-la como já adquirida. No entanto, esse debate sobre o novo papel da linguagem deve seguir adiante pelos pesquisadores da área, visto que, além das dificuldades apontadas neste ensaio, há de se considerar que, o processo de nominalização e a metáfora gramatical, por exemplo, são fontes importantes de dificuldades para a aquisição da linguagem científica.
Reflexões sobre a formação em educação física para atuação em saúde
Authors: Soares Stela Lopes , Araújo Douglas Prado , Palácio Diogo Queiroz Allen , Ferreira Heraldo Simões , Martins Neide Dourado , Moura Anaisa Alves de , Brasil Eveline Rufino , Romcy Davi Moreira Lima
Published: October 2019

O professor de Educação Física, tornou-se no decorrer dos anos, um profissional valorizado pela sociedade, de tal modo que, atualmente integra equipes multidisciplinares no Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, e através de sua abordagem interdisciplinar, vem conquistando cada vez mais espaço. Com este intuito, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a formação oferecida no curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. Para tanto, este estudo tem como metodologia a pesquisa de campo e exploratória, pois tem como foco as informações e/ou conhecimentos sobre um problema ou situação, buscando respostas para tanto, ou comprovando pressupostos, descobrindo novos fenômenos ou as relações entre eles. O cenário desta pesquisa foi a Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, em específico, entrevistas com os docentes do curso de Educação Física da referida universidade, no ano de 2017. A partir dos achados, observou-se o perfil destes professores: homens, com idades entre 41 e 50 anos, mestres, formados em Educação Física pela Universidade de Fortaleza, com mestrado ou doutorado na área da Saúde, têm entre 20 a 29 anos de experiência no Ensino Superior e possuem entre um a cinco anos de experiência na Universidade citada. Acredita-se que o conceito de saúde exerça influência na formação dos profissionais de Educação Física, sendo necessárias outras atitudes para a modificação do quadro encontrado. Dessa forma, percebe-se que a formação inicial dos envolvidos não os preparou para abordar a temática saúde na escola.