bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL PLATE DESIGN FOR ROTATIONAL GUIDED GROWTH: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN IMMATURE PORCINE FEMURS
Authors: Halloum A. , Rahbek O. , Gholinezhad S. , Kold S. , Rasmussen J. , Rölfing J. D. , Tirta M. , Abood A. A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Current treatments of rotational deformities of long bones in children are osteotomies and fixations.

In recent years, the use of guided growth for correction of rotational deformities has been reported in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. Various techniques have been used, and different adverse effects, like growth retardation and articular deformities, have been reported. We tested a novel plate concept intended for correction of rotational deformities of long bones by guided growth, with sliding screw holes to allow for longitudinal growth, in a porcine model.

Method

Twelve, 12-week-old female porcines were included in the study.

Surgery was performed on the left femur. The right femur was used as control. Plates were placed distally to induce external rotation, as longitudinal growth occurred.

CT-scans of the femurs were processed to 3-D models and used for measuring rotation.

Result

The plates rotated as intended in all 12 porcines. One porcine was excluded due to congenital deformity of the proximal part of the femurs. Two porcines had cut-out of the proximal screw on the lateral side, observed at the end of the intervention. These two porcines were included in the results.

We observed a Δrotation of 5.7° ± 2° in external direction (CI: 3.7°– 7.7°).

ΔFemur length was -0.4 cm [-0.7 cm – 0 cm] equal to 1.5% shortening of the operated femur.

No significant difference was observed in coronal or sagittal plane.

Conclusion

Significant external rotation was achieved with minimal effect on longitudinal growth.

While the use of guided growth for correction of rotational deformities is already being used clinically, it is still to be considered an experimental procedure with sparse evidence.

This study shows promising results for the feasibility of the method in a large animal model and is an important first step in validating the technique and detecting possible adverse effects, before future clinical studies.
COAXIAL ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC PRINTING OF CORE-SHELL MICROFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS WITH LAYER-SPECIFIC GROWTH FACTORS RELEASE FOR ENTHESIS REGENERATION
Authors: Bai L. , Yin Z.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Herein, a tri-layered core-shell microfibrous scaffold with layer-specific growth factors (GFs) release is developed using coaxial electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing for in situ cell recruitment and differentiation to facilitate gradient enthesis tissue repair. Our findings suggest that the microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific GFs release may offer a promising clinical solution for enthesis regeneration.

Method

Utilizing coaxial electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, we engineered tri-layered core-shell microfibrous scaffolds, each layer tailored with specific growth factors (GFs) for targeted enthesis tissue repair. This configuration aims to sequentially guide cell migration and differentiation, mirroring the natural enthesis’ gradient structure. SDF-1 was strategically loaded into the shell, while bFGF, TGF-β, and BMP-2 were encapsulated in the core, each selected for their roles in stimulating the regeneration of corresponding enthesis tissue layers.

Result

The coaxial EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds demonstrated a core-shell fiber width of 24.3 ± 6.3 μm, supporting distinct tenogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic layers with pore sizes of 81.5 ± 4.6 μm, 173.3 ± 6.9 μm, and 388.9 ± 6.9 μm, respectively. This structure facilitated a targeted and effective release of growth factors, optimizing stem cell recruitment and differentiation. In vivo assessments demonstrated that the scaffolds significantly enhanced biomechanical properties and facilitated the formation of gradient enthesis structures, with improved biomechanical strength approximately 2-3 times that of control groups. These results highlight the scaffold's capability to mimic the native enthesis structure, encouraging a conducive environment for cell-mediated repair and regeneration.

Conclusion

The integration of layer-specific growth factors not only fostered a conducive environment for tissue regeneration but also exemplified a leap in the design of scaffolds that closely mimic the native tendon-to-bone interface. The findings illuminate the scaffold's capacity to direct cellular behavior and tissue formation, heralding a new era in regenerative strategies and offering a promising avenue for clinical translation in the treatment of rotator cuff injuries.
CHANGES IN STIFFNESS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR AND PERICELLULAR MATRIX IN THE ANULUS FIBROSUS OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS OVER THE COURSE OF DEGENERATION
Authors: Höflsauer S. G. , Bonnaire F. , Danalache M. , Feierabend M. , Hofmann U.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Analogous to articular cartilage, changes in spatial chondrocyte organisation have been proposed to be a strong indicator for local tissue degeneration and destruction in the intervertebral disc (IVD). While a progressive structural and functional degradation of the extracellular (ECM) and pericellular (PCM) matrix occurs in osteoarthritic cartilage, these processes have not yet been biomechanically elucidated in the IVD. We aimed to evaluate the local stiffness of the ECM and PCM in the anulus fibrosus of the IVD on the basis of local cellular spatial organisation.

Method

Using atomic force microscopy, we measured the elastic modulus of the local ECM and PCM in human disc samples using the spatial chondrocyte patterns as an image-based biomarker.

Result

By measuring tissue from 30 patients, we found a significant difference in the elastic moduli of the PCM in clusters when compared to the healthy patterns single cells (p=0.029), pairs (p=0.016), and string formations (p=0.010) whereas the values of the elastic moduli of the ECM only reached statistical significance when clusters were compared with string formations. The ECM/PCM ratio ranged from 0.62 to 0.89. Overall, the reduced elastic moduli in clusters demonstrates that cluster formation is not only a morphological phenomenon describing disc degeneration, but it marks a compromised biomechanical functioning.

Conclusion

This study is the first to describe and quantify the differences in the elastic moduli of the ECM in relation to the PCM in the anulus fibrosus of the IVD by means of atomic force microscopy on the basis of spatial chondrocyte organisation. Advanced disc degeneration is accompanied by a biomechanically compromised tissue functioning.
HOW SHOULD FEMORAL ANATOMY FOR SURGICAL CORRECTION BE MEASURED?
Authors: Dhaliwal J. , Harris S. , Logishetty K. , Brkljač M. , Cobb J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The current methods for measuring femoral torsion have limitations, including variability and inaccuracies. Existing 3D methods are not reliable for abnormal femoral anteversion measurement. A new 3D method is needed for accurate measurement and planning of proximal femoral osteotomies. Currently available software for viewing and modelling CT data lacks measurement capabilities. The MSK Hip planner aims to address these limitations by combining measurement, planning, and analysis functionalities into one tool. We aim to answer 5 key questions: Is there a difference between 2D measurement methods? Is there a difference between 3D measurement methods? Is there a difference between 2D and 3D measurement methods? Are any of the measurement methods affected by the presence of osteoarthritis or a CAM deformity?

Method

After segmentation was carried out on 42 femoral CT scans using Osirix, 3D bone models were landmarked in the MSK lab hip planning software. Murphy's, Reikeras’, McBryde, and the novel MSK lab method were used to measure femoral anteversion.

Result

Murphy's method had the lowest mean femoral neck anteversion (FNA) at 24.98°, while the MSK method had the highest at 28.55°. Bland-Altman plots showed systematic errors between 2D (1.201°) and 3D (1.074°) methods. All methods demonstrated good intra- and inter-user reliability. Significant differences were found between measurement methods and between patient groups.

Conclusion

The MSK Hip Planner software proved useful and convenient to measure FNA. Statistically significant differences in FNA were observed between the measurement methods, as well as between patient groups when split by presence of osteoarthritis and cam deformity. Complex joint pathology and altered femoral morphology should be considered by clinicians when deciding which method to use when measuring FNA.
DECIPHERING WRIST DYNAMICS: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SCAPHOLUNATE LIGAMENT INJURIES ON WRIST STABILITY, KINETICS, AND CARTILAGE STRESS IN ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE
Authors: Amirouche F. , Kim S. , Mzeihem M. , Nyaaba W. , Mungalpara N. , Mejia A. , Gonzalez M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The human wrist is a highly complex joint, offering extensive motion across various planes. This study investigates scapholunate ligament (SLL) injuries’ impact on wrist stability and arthritis risks using cadaveric experiments and the finite element (FE) method. It aims to validate experimental findings with FE analysis results.

Method

The study utilized eight wrist specimens on a custom rig to investigate Scapho-Lunate dissociation. Contact pressure and flexion were measured using sensors. A CT-based 3D geometry reconstruction approach was used to create the geometries needed for the FE analysis. The study used the Friedman test with pairwise comparisons to assess if differences between testing conditions were statistically significant.

Result

The study found significant variations in scaphoid and lunate bone movement based on ligament condition. Full tears increased scapholunate distance in the distal-proximal direction and decreased in the medial-lateral direction. Lunate angles shifted from flexion to extension with fully torn ligaments. Conversely, the scaphoid shifted significantly from extension to flexion with full tears. A proximal movement was observed in the distal-proximal direction in all groups, with significant differences in the partial tear group. Lateral deviation of the scaphoid and lunate occurred with ligament damage, being more pronounced in the partial tear group. All groups exhibited statistically significant movement in the volar direction, with the full tear group showing the least movement. Also, radiocarpal joint and finger contact pressure and contact area were studied. Whereas the differences in contact area were not significant, scapholunate ligament tears resulted in significantly decreased finger contact pressures. FEA confirmed these findings, showing notable peak radiocarpal contact pressure differences between intact and fully torn ligaments.

Conclusion

Our study found that SLL damage alters wrist stability, potentially leading to early arthritis. The FEA model confirmed these findings, indicating the potential for the clinical use of computer models from CT scans for treatment planning.
TOWARDS ROUTINE, LOW-COST CLINICAL MOVEMENT ANALYSIS TO ASSESS SHOULDER FUNCTION USING COMPUTER VISION AND CONSUMER CAMERAS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Spoo S. , Garcia F. , Braun B. , Cabri J. , Grimm B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The objective assessment of shoulder function is important for personalized diagnosis, therapies and evidence-based practice but has been limited by specialized equipment and dedicated movement laboratories. Advances in AI-driven computer vision (CV) using consumer RGB cameras (red-blue-green) and open-source CV models offer the potential for routine clinical use. However, key concepts, evidence, and research gaps have not yet been synthesized to drive clinical translation. This scoping review aims to map related literature.

Method

Following the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed and Scholar using search terms including “shoulder,” “pose estimation,” “camera”, and others. From 146 initial results, 27 papers focusing on clinical applicability and using consumer cameras were included. Analysis employed a Grounded Theory approach guided iterative refinement.

Result

Studies primarily used Microsoft Kinect (infrared-based depth sensing, RGB camera; discontinued) or monocular consumer cameras with open-source CV-models, sometimes supplemented by LiDAR (laser-based depth sensing), wearables or markers. Technical validation studies against gold standards were scarce and too inconsistent for comparison. Larger range of motion (RoM) movements were accurately recorded, but smaller movements, rotations and scapula tracking remained challenging. For instance, one larger validation study comparing shoulder angles during arm raises to a marker-based gold-standard reported Pearson's R = 0.98 and a standard error of 2.4deg. OpenPose and Mediapipe were the most used CV-models. Recent efforts try to improve model performance by training with shoulder specific movements.

Conclusion

Low-cost, routine clinical movement analysis to assess shoulder function using consumer cameras and CV seems feasible. It can provide acceptable accuracy for certain movement tasks and larger RoM. Capturing small, hidden or the entirety of shoulder movement requires improvements such as via training models with shoulder specific data or using dual cameras. Technical validation studies require methodological standardization, and clinical validation against established constructs is needed for translation into practice.
A NEUROANGIOGENIC SCAFFOLD WITH SPATIOTEMPORAL CONTROL FOR TISSUE REGENERATION IN MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW, EMPLOYING BIOACTIVE ELASTIN-LIKE RECOMBINAMERS (ELRS)
Authors: Torre I.G. D , Redondo L. M. , Sierra C. G. , Cabello J. C. R. , Bsarcia A.l J. A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The objective of the work is construction of a multi-bioactive scaffold based on that allows a space/time control over the regeneration of damaged bones by Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw using a minimal invasive approach based on the injection of the fast-degrading pro neuro and angiogenic ELR (Elastin-Like Recombinamers) based hydrogels.

Method

Chemical crosslinking facilitated the creation of multi-bioactive scaffolds using ELRs with reactive groups. Cell-loaded multi-bioactive scaffolds, prepared and incubated, underwent evaluation for adhesion, proliferation, angiogenic, and neurogenic potential. In vitro assessments utilized immunofluorescence staining and ELISA assays, while live-recorded monitoring and live-dead analysis ensured cytocompatibility. In rat and rabbit models, preformed scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted, and the regenerative process was evaluated over time. Rabbit models with MRONJ underwent traditional or percutaneous implantation, with histological evaluation following established bone histological techniques.

Result

A 3D scaffold using ELR that combines various peptides with different degradation rates to guide both angiogenesis and neurogenesis has been developed. Notably, scaffolds with different degradation rates promoted distinct patterns of vascularization and innervation, facilitating integration with host tissue. This work demonstrates the potential for tailored tissue engineering, where the scaffold's bioactivities and degradation rates can control angiogenesis and neurogenesis. In an animal model of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), the scaffold showed promising results in promoting bone regeneration in a necrotic environment, as confirmed by histological and imaging analyses. This study opens avenues for novel tissue-engineering strategies where precise control over vascularization and nerve growth is crucial.

Conclusion

A groundbreaking dual approach, simultaneously targeting angiogenesis and innervation, addresses the necrotic bone in MRONJ syndrome. Vascularization and nerve formation play pivotal roles in driving reparative elements for bone regeneration. The scaffold achieves effective time/space control over necrotic bone regeneration.

The authors are grateful for funding from the Spanish Government (PID2020-118669RA-I00)
WALKING AND RUNNING IN CHILDREN WITH DECREASED FEMORAL TORSION
Authors: Tsagkaris C. , Hamberg M. E. , Villefort C. , Dreher T. , Krautwurst B. K.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Understanding the implications of decreased femoral torsion on gait and running in children and adolescents might help orthopaedic surgeons to optimize treatment decisions. To date, there is limited evidence regarding the kinematic gait deviations between children with decreased femoral torsion and typically developing children as well as regarding the implications of the same on the adaptation of walking to running.

Method

A three dimensional gait analysis study was undertaken to compare gait deviations during running and walking among patients with decreased femoral torsion (n=15) and typically developing children (n=11). Linear mixed models were utilized to establish comparisons within and between the two groups and investigate the relation between clinical examination, spatial parameters and the difference in hip rotation between running and walking.

Result

Patients exhibited increased external hip rotation during walking in comparison to controls accompanied by higher peaks for the same as well as for, knee valgus and external foot progression angle. A similar kinematic gait pattern was observed during running with significant differences noted in peak knee valgus. In terms of variations from running to walking, patients internally rotated their initially external rotated hip by 4°, whereas controls maintained the same internal hip rotation. Patients and controls displayed comparable kinematic gait deviations during running compared to walking. The passive hip range of motion, torsions and velocity did not notably influence the variation between mean hip rotation from running to walking.

Conclusion

This study underlines the potential of 3D gait kinematics to elucidate the functional implications of decreased FT and hence may contribute to clinical decision making.
COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING OF DIAPHYSEAL FEMUR FRACTURES IN A LEVEL I TRAUMA CENTRE IN FINLAND
Authors: Lähdesmäki M. , Ylitalo A. , Liukkonen R. , Suominen V. , Karjalainen L. , Mattila V. M. , Repo J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

We aimed to study the rates of both surgical and medical complications associated with femoral diaphysis fracture fixation with intramedullary nailing including all fracture mechanisms. Additionally, we investigated whether the trauma energy has an impact on the complication risk.

Method

In this retrospective cohort study, the health records of 491 patients with 503 femoral fractures, who underwent surgery between May 2007 and May 2022 in Tampere University Hospital, were reviewed. Patients who underwent a primary operation with a reamed rigid intramedullary nail for a diaphyseal femoral fracture and whose follow-ups were organized at the same hospital district, were included. Based on those criteria, 57.5% were included for analysis (279 patients with 289 fractures). The complications were then recorded by chart review. To investigate the impact of trauma energy on complication risk, we compared complication proportions in high- and low-energy groups and calculated odds ratios.

Result

The crude percentage of 30-day mortality was 2.1% (6 of 289) based on information obtained from the patients’ records. The overall proportion of complications was 22.5%. The risk of any medical complication was 2.8%, whereas the risk of surgical complication was 19.8%. The risk of complications was nearly twice as high in high-energy fractures compared to low-energy fractures, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-3.75. The risk of reoperations was significantly increased in high-energy traumas (OR 2.46, CI 1.25-5.24).

Conclusion

This study reveals a 2.1% risk of thirdy-day mortality and a 22.5% risk of overall complications, predominantly of a surgical type. The complication risk, especially the risk of surgical complications, is higher among the patients with fractures caused by high-energy injury compared to low-energy fractures, highlighting the importance of timely identification of those complications for providing better postoperative care.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CLINICALLY RELEVANT ANIMAL MODEL OF MENISCAL DEGENERATION
Authors: D’Arrigo D. , Conte P. , Anzillotti G. , Giancamillo A. d. , Girolamo L. d. , Peretti G. , Crovace A. , Kon E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Degenerative meniscal tears are the most common meniscal lesions, representing huge clinical and socio-economic burdens. Their role in knee osteoarthritis (OA) onset and progression is well established and demonstrated by several retrospective studies. Effective preventive measures and non-surgical treatments for degenerative meniscal lesions are still lacking, also because of the lack of specific and accurate animal models in which test them. Thus, we aim to develop and validate an accurate animal model of meniscus degeneration.

Method

Three different surgical techniques to induce medial meniscus degenerative changes in ovine model were performed and compared. A total of 32 sheep (stifle joints) were subjected to either one of the following surgical procedures: a) direct arthroscopic mechanical meniscal injury; b) peripheral devascularization and denervation of medial meniscus; c) full thickness medial femoral condyle cartilage lesion. In all the 3 groups, the contralateral joint served as a control.

Result

From a visual examination of the knee joint emerged a clear difference between control and operated groups, in the menisci but also in the cartilage, indicating the onset of OA-related cartilage degeneration. The meniscal and cartilaginous lesions were characterized by different severity and location in the different groups. For instance, a direct meniscal injury caused cartilaginous lesions especially in the medial part of the condyles, and the other approaches presented specific signature. Evaluation of scoring scales (e.g. ICRS score) allowed the quantification of the damage and the identification of differences among the four groups.

Conclusion

We were effectively able to develop and validate a sheep model of meniscal degeneration which led to the onset of OA. This innovative model will allow to test in a pre-clinical relevant setting innovative approaches to prevent meniscal-related OA.

Funding

Project PNRR-MAD-2022-12375978 funded by Italian Ministry of Health
EXERKINE FNDC5 PRESERVES BONE ANABOLISM AND COUNTERACTS OESTROGEN DEFICIENCY-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lin Y. , Lian W. , Chen Y. , Wang F.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Osteoporosis accounts for a major risk factor of fracture-associated disability or premature death in the elderly. Enhancement of bone anabolism for slowing osteoporosis is highly demanding. Exerkine fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) regulates energy metabolism, inflammation, and aging. This study was aimed to investigate whether Fndc5 signaling in osteoblasts changed estrogen deficiency-mediated bone loss or microarchitecture deterioration.

Method

Female osteoblast-specific Fndc5 transgenic mice (Fndc5Tg), which overexpressed Fndc5 under the control of key osteoblast marker osteocalcin promoter, were given bilateral ovariectomy to induce estrogen deficiency-mediated osteoporosis. Bone mass, microstructures, and biomechanical properties were quantified using μCT imaging and material testing. Dynamic bone formation was traced using fluorescence calcein. Osteogenic differentiation and adipocyte formation of bone-marrow mesenchymal cells were investigated using von Kossa staining and Nile red staining, respectively. Serum osteocalcin, CTX-1 and TRAP5b levels were quantified using designated ELISA kits. Mitochondrial respiration was investigated using Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer.

Result

Fndc5Tg mice developed relatively higher bone mass and microarchitecture than wild-type mice. Fndc5 overexpression attenuated the losses of bone mineral density and trabecular network, including trabecular volume, thickness, and trabecular number, and improved cortical thickness and porosity in ovariectomized mice. Gain of Fndc5 function preserved biomechanical characteristics (maximum load, breaking force, and energy), serum bone formation marker osteocalcin levels, and bone formation rate, whereas it reduced serum bone resorption makers CTX-1 and TRAP5b levels, osteoclast overburden, and marrow adiposis. In vitro, Fndc5 reversed the estrogen deficiency-mediated mineralized matrix underproduction and adipocyte formation of bone-marrow mesenchymal cells, and inhibited osteoclast formation in osteoporotic bone. Mechanistically, Fndc5 activated AMPK signaling, promoting mitochondrial respiration and ATP production to enhance osteoblastic activity.

Conclusion

Fndc5 signaling exerted bone-protective actions delaying estrogen deficiency-mediated osteoporosis. This study highlighted a new molecular remedial option for osteoporosis development by manipulating Fndc5 functions.
Hospitalized and Hungry: A Mixed Methods Study Assessing Immigrant Caregiver Perspectives on an Inpatient Food Insecurity Intervention
Authors: Masciale Marina , Asaithambi Rathi , Gibbs Karen DiValerio , Fredricks Karla , Yu Xian , Haq Heather , Murillo Mariana Carretero , Bocchini Claire , Lopez Michelle A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Inpatient food insecurity (FI), or caregiver inability to obtain adequate food for themselves during child hospitalization, negatively affects caregiver participation in care. Using mixed methods, we assessed inpatient FI prevalence, factors associated with inpatient FI, and perspectives on an inpatient FI intervention among immigrant caregivers (ICs) at a children's hospital from 2021–2022. We performed a sub-analysis of data from a larger FI intervention study, which provided meal trays and food bank public benefit navigator referrals for caregivers screening positive for household or inpatient FI. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with inpatient FI among ICs. We interviewed ICs enrolled in the intervention and identified themes. Of 369 ICs, 56% reported inpatient FI. Low income, poor caregiver health, and household FI were associated with inpatient FI in regression analysis. Nine qualitative interviews revealed positive reception to the intervention. Immigrant caregivers noted that it facilitated participation in care and alleviated financial burden.
Improving Client Experience and Charitable Food Reach and Access at Food Pantries: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jia Jenny , Anderson Colleen , Romero Emily , Kandula Namratha R. , Caspi Caitlin E. , Beidas Rinad S. , O'Brien Matthew J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Food pantries are promising community partners in health promotion. This study explored client perspectives in food pantries to inform new approaches to improve client experience, reach, and access. We interviewed 52 adult clients who visited participating food pantries two or more times over 12 months in Cook County, Illinois in English, Spanish, or Cantonese. We analyzed transcripts using the Health Equity Implementation Framework. Participants were 69% female, 48% Black, 29% Asian, and 15% Hispanic/Latino. Participants identified availability of healthy and high-quality foods, client choice models, client-personnel interactions, multilingual services, and wait times as influential to pantry reach and access. Participants felt that client feedback opportunities and client-led community outreach could successfully engage community members who avoided food pantries due to stigma. Creating opportunities for client-centered feedback may improve client experience, reach, and access of food pantries, reduce stigma, and optimize a novel setting for community-based health promotion in diverse populations.
Hunger in the Hospital: Assessing Inpatient Caregiver Food Insecurity and a Program to Address It
Authors: Schmitt Meghan , Bejar Amy Ruiz , Trieu Emily , Farnan Sheila , Williams Nicole Frances , Bruce Janine
Published: November 2024

Summary: Existing literature reveals poor access to affordable, nutritious food in hospitals. Ronald McDonald House Charities Bay Area runs a meal program to address in-hospital caregiver food insecurity, but the program has not been studied. We assessed how the meal program is affecting caregivers and opportunities to improve the program.
Food Insecurity's Association with Depression and Anxiety in an Underserved Heart Failure Population: Addressing Access to Food
Authors: Clarkson Stephen , Clarkson Erin B. , Nordberg Megan , Shirey Maria , Bittner Vera , White-Williams Connie
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a complex and chronic condition that requires ongoing management, and in patients with adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) disease management can become challenging. Food insecurity (FI), a common adverse SDOH, can have negative consequences for those living with HF. Heart failure and SDOH also have significant impacts on mental health and well-being. In this report, we describe the experiences of screening for FI in a clinic caring for underserved patients with HF, and our clinic's implementation of a food distribution program to address FI. Through community partnerships, we provided medically tailored bags of food for those who screened positive for FI. During our clinic's development of this program, we found that those who were food-insecure had statistically significantly higher depression scores and anxiety scores. This relationship provides guidance for future work examining the program's impact on mental health, well-being, and HF outcomes.
PE-INeR: prior-embedded implicit neural representation for sparse-view CBCT reconstruction
Authors: Yang Jiaying , Xie Shipeng
Published: November 2024

Conventional methods for reconstructing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) often
suffer from artifacts and blurring in the presence of missing data,
which ultimately hamper the quality of the resulting images. To
address this challenge, we propose a neural implicit representation
method (PE-INeR) based on prior embedding for sparse-view CBCT
reconstruction. In our proposed method, we leverage prior information
to guide the reconstruction process. By employing a neural implicit
representation network, we capture the intricate features of the image
in an implicit manner. Our experimental results underscore the
superiority of our approach, demonstrating remarkable reductions in
artifacts and substantial enhancements in image quality compared to
traditional techniques. Moreover, it is important to emphasize that
the PE-INeR outperforms alternative methods in effectively capturing
nuanced yet critical image variations, which play a pivotal role in
precisely evaluating the advancement of tumors.
A probability-constraint-based method based on the honey badger algorithm for wind estimation with coherent Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Zhang Fengrui , Zhang Sibo , Wang Lei , Ma Jun
Published: November 2024

Coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) has emerged as an effective tool for analyzing wind velocity distributions. It utilizes the peak frequency of the signal spectrum to determine wind velocity. However, accurate identification of the spectrum peak in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments is complicated by noise pollution. Enhancing CDWL performance involves correcting the spectrum in these challenging areas. Existing probability-constraint-based methods (PCBMs) require empirical parameter settings, limiting their adaptability across different Doppler wind lidar environments. This paper proposes and demonstrates a probability-constraint-based method based on the honey badger algorithm (PCBM-HBA). The gate moving average method (GMAM) based on the spectrum obtains the reference wind velocity as a constraint. The correlation coefficient between the inverted wind velocity value of PCBM and the reference wind velocity is used as the negative value of the fitness function to obtain the optimal parameter σ. Simulation results based on the American Standard Atmosphere Model show that PCBM-HBA can measure wind fields in areas with low SNRs, and the maximum detection range improves from 3.8 to 5.4 km. During the inversion of the measured signal, the PCBM-HBA improves the inversion results of wind velocity under different pulse conditions, and the inversion results of the PCBM-HBA with 50 accumulated pulses are better than those of the traditional method with 150 accumulated pulses, which enhances the applicability of the PCBM and improves the performance of the system.
Simulation of digital lensless holographic microscopy holograms: a physics-image processing approach
Authors: Lopera Maria J. , Buitrago-Duque Carlos , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge , Nie Yunfeng , Ottevaere Heidi , Trujillo Carlos
Published: November 2024

This work presents a method for simulating digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) holograms using a physics-based image processing approach. While DLHM has gained significant attention in biology, biomedicine, and environmental monitoring, the current modeling of DLHM holograms has been limited, hindering potential applications, including learning-based solutions and generative model training. In this study, the DLHM propagation process is decomposed into the diffraction of a complex-valued spherical wavefront and the non-homogeneous magnification of the diffracted field that encodes the sample information, which accelerates and enhances the hologram simulation. The proposed model is validated by comparing simulated and experimental holograms of standard test targets under diverse imaging conditions. Comparative analyses are conducted against other DLHM hologram modeling methods, including direct Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction, its convolutional implementation, and the Fresnel-Bluestein formalism. The proposed model is shown to outperform these methods in overall similarity to experimental recordings across a wide range of imaging conditions while maintaining computational efficiency. This DLHM hologram modeling approach provides researchers with a powerful tool for simulating trustable holograms. The model can be publicly accessed through the open-access repository https://github.com/mloper23/DLHM-model.
cGMP-dependent pathway and a GPCR kinase are required for photoresponse in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: Nakayama Kenichi , Hiraga Hirokuni , Manabe Aya , Chihara Takahiro , Okumura Misako
Published: November 2024

Light sensing is a critical function in most organisms and is mediated by photoreceptor proteins and phototransduction. Although most nematodes lack eyes, some species exhibit phototaxis. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the unique photoreceptor protein Cel-LITE-1, its downstream G proteins, and cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent pathways are required for phototransduction. However, the mechanism of light-sensing in other nematodes remains unknown. To address this question, we used the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, which was established as a satellite model organism for comparison with C. elegans. Similar to C. elegans, illumination with short-wavelength light induces avoidance behavior in P. pacificus. Opsin, cryptochrome/photolyase, and lite-1 were not detected in the P. pacificus genome using orthology and domain prediction-based analyses. To identify the genes related to phototransduction in P. pacificus, we conducted forward genetic screening for light-avoidance behavior and isolated five light-unresponsive mutants. Whole-genome sequencing and genetic mapping revealed that the cGMP-dependent pathway and Ppa-grk-2, which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) are required for light avoidance. Although the cGMP-dependent pathway is conserved in C. elegans phototransduction, GRK is not necessary for light avoidance in C. elegans. This suggests similarities and differences in light-sensing mechanisms between the two species. Using a reverse genetic approach, we showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were involved in light avoidance. Through reporter analysis and suppression of synapse transmission, we identified candidate photosensory neurons. These findings advance our understanding of the diversity of phototransduction in nematodes even in the absence of eyes.
Serological evidence of natural exposure to rabies in rural populations in Gabon
Authors: Kombila Linda Bohou , N’dilimabaka Nadine , Lannoy Julien , Elguero Eric , Leroy Eric M. , Dacheux Laurent , Becquart Pierre
Published: November 2024

Rabies is one of the oldest known zoonotic diseases, with dogs being the main reservoir for 99% of the cases of human rabies. However, wild animals may also be rabies vectors. In most cases, contact with a rabid animal results in rabies without pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis, and the disease is nearly always fatal. Nevertheless, a few studies have documented cases of rabies-specific antibodies detection in people with no history of vaccination, suggesting that individuals can be in contact with the virus without developing fatal rabies. To further investigate this possibility of non-lethal human rabies exposure, we carried out a retrospective serological analysis, using both immunoassays (ELISA) and seroneutralization assays (RFFIT), on 430 sera collected between 2005 and 2008 from rural unvaccinated Gabonese populations in the Estuaire and Ogooué-Ivindo provinces. Eleven (11) samples (2.5%) were positive for rabies-specific antibodies using both techniques: 1 in Estuaire and 10 in Ogooué-Ivindo. One of three positive people from the Ogooué-Ivindo province, resampled in early 2023, was still positive for rabies-specific antibodies, suggesting that some degree of immunity can be maintained over many years. Our results also show a marginally significant higher prevalence among hunters. This study demonstrates that rabies circulates actively in Gabon and some unvaccinated individuals living in rural environments can be exposed to the virus and survive, with the development of a significant and specific humoral response that can persist for more than 15 years. This passive seroprevalence survey underlines the need to establish a national surveillance system of rabies in both humans and animals in urban and rural areas, and to enhance access to pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis.
A protocol for research on the use of acupuncture in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Xuechun , Cao Jingsi , Yan Guanchi , Zhao Yunyun , Wang Ying , Wang Xiuge , Mi Jia
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a prevalent complication among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, has a significant impact on both the well-being of patients and their financial situation. Acupuncture has been employed for thousands of years within China and is regarded as one of the primary characteristic therapies of traditional Chinese medicine. Research has indicated that acupuncture has the potential to enhance microcirculation, decrease the generation of free radicals, and augment nerve conduction velocity. There had been several meta-analyses of acupuncture on DPN. Nevertheless, there has been inadequate attention given to the assessment of blood glucose control, and scores related to quality of life. Hence, we get additional evidence by enhancing the quantity and quality of studies to draw more distinct findings.

Methods

We will conduct a comprehensive search for reports published from the beginning until June 2023 using various databases including Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, AMED, Wanfang database, VIP database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature database. Only randomized controlled trials will be considered, with no exclusion of quasi-randomized control trials. Articles in both English and Chinese will be taken into account without any limitations on publication dates. The data will be extracted, managed, and analyzed by two researchers working independently. The primary outcomes will include improvement of symptom scores, change of nerve conduction velocity, and quality of life scores. Additional outcomes will encompass blood glucose levels after fasting and 2 hours after eating, levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, and any adverse events associated with acupuncture. We plan to use the RevMan V.5.4 application and the random-effects model for conducting the meta-analysis. The assessment of potential prejudice can be conducted by Cochrane’s ’risk of bias’ 2 (RoB 2) tool. Registration: PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023425203).

Discussion

Our goal is to perform a meta-analysis that offers an unbiased approach to treating individuals with type 2 DPN. At the same time, it also provides doctors with more choices in the treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy.
Examining preventive occupational health and safety management in the Swedish welfare sector–questionnaire development, its validity and reliability, and initial findings on employers’ knowledge
Authors: Akerstrom Magnus , Severin Jonathan , Roczniewska Marta , Jonsdottir Ingibjörg H. , Hadzibajramovic Emina
Published: November 2024

Introduction

A preventive approach to occupational health and safety management (OHSM) can improve working conditions, but more knowledge is needed on how this should be organised in practice. Here, we describe the development, validity and reliability of a questionnaire used to examine employers’ preventive OHSM within the Swedish welfare sector. Furthermore, employers’ knowledge of preventive OHSM was explored using the survey data.

Material and methods

A questionnaire was developed based on interviews with key actors (n = 7), experts (n = 6) and intended respondents (n = 5). Using the final questionnaire, 197 responses were collected from employer (n = 126) and employee representatives (n = 71) and used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of open-ended and multi-choice items were used to assess the response distribution, content validity and interrater reliability (i.e. employer-employee correspondence from 32 matched pairs from the same workplace). Quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey responses from employer representatives were performed to assess their knowledge of preventive OHSM.

Results

The final questionnaire included 91 items covering employers’ working routines, resources and work environment economics. Qualitative analyses indicated a high content validity in the questionnaire, with a satisfactory response distribution and very small proportion of missing data on individual survey items. Overall, the interrater reliability was high (>60%), but the employer representatives generally gave more examples within different areas of the OHSM compared to the employee representatives. Most of the employer representatives (74%, n = 90) assessed that their organisation had sufficient knowledge regarding preventive OHSM but that the knowledge of work environment economics was lower.

Conclusions

By combining work environment research with questionnaire design research, high validity and reliability was achieved for this questionnaire. Furthermore, the employers generally perceived that they have high knowledge of preventive OHSM but that more knowledge is needed on work environment economics.
Influence of herbal supplementation on nutrient digestibility, blood biomarkers, milk yield, and quality in tropical crossbred cows
Authors: Rahman Md. Aliar , Redoy Md Rahat Ahmad , Shuvo Abdullah Al Sufian , Chowdhury Rakhi , Hossain Emran , Sayem Sheikh Mohammad , Rashid Md. Harun-ur- , Al-Mamun Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Herbal supplements containing diverse phytochemicals have been proven to improve digestibility, beneficial serum metabolites, milk yield, and quality in cows. However, the temperature sensitivity of phytochemicals in herbs complicates their practical use as livestock supplements. In response, this study aimed to assess how shade-dried plantain, lemongrass, and their combination influence cow performance, digestibility, serum and milk antioxidants, and milk fatty acids. Forty multiparous mid-lactating Holstein-tropical crossbred cows were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10) for 63 days in a completely randomized design with covariates adjustment. The control group received a basal diet (14.9% crude protein, 11.0 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter (DM)) without herbs. The herbs-supplemented groups received shade-dried powder (per cow/day) of either 100 g plantain (plantain), 100 g lemongrass (lemongrass), or 50 g each of plantain and lemongrass (combined), along with the basal diet. Compared with the control, the plantain or lemongrass group presented improved performance, i.e., DM consumption (3–4%), milk (10–11%) and its components yield (p ≤ 0.05). Similar to the control, the combined group had no effect on performance or digestibility, whereas the digestibility of all nutrients in the plantain or lemongrass group substantially increased. Herbs-supplementation reduced serum bad-cholesterol and urea-nitrogen while increasing good-cholesterol and albumin compared with the control (p < 0.01). Notably, 4–8% serum and 8–23% milk antioxidants were greater in the herbs-supplemented groups than the control, while the lemongrass had the optimum milk β-carotene. Substantially, herbs-supplementation resulted in a 6–10% higher unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), whereas the combined group presented a 3.56-fold greater n-3 fatty acids than the control. Significantly, the plantain or lemongrass group presented better benefit‒cost‒ratio than the combined and control. Therefore, shade-dried herbs-supplementation improved the beneficial serum metabolites, serum and milk antioxidants, and milk USFAs in cows. Additionally, shade-dried plantain or lemongrass enhanced cow DM consumption, digestibility, milk yield, and profitability.
Examining heterogeneity in dementia using data-driven unsupervised clustering of cognitive profiles
Authors: Kumar Sayantan , Oh Inez Y. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Ghoshal Nupur , Abrams Zachary , Payne Philip R. O.
Published: November 2024

Dementia is characterized by a decline in memory and thinking that is significant enough to impair function in activities of daily living. Patients seen in dementia specialty clinics are highly heterogenous with a variety of different symptoms that progress at different rates. Recent research has focused on finding data-driven subtypes for revealing new insights into dementia’s underlying heterogeneity, rather than assuming that the cohort is homogenous. However, current studies on dementia subtyping have the following limitations: (i) focusing on AD-related dementia only and not examining heterogeneity within dementia as a whole, (ii) using only cross-sectional baseline visit information for clustering and (iii) predominantly relying on expensive imaging biomarkers as features for clustering. In this study, we seek to overcome such limitations, using a data-driven unsupervised clustering algorithm named SillyPutty, in combination with hierarchical clustering on cognitive assessment scores to estimate subtypes within a real-world clinical dementia cohort. We use a longitudinal patient data set for our clustering analysis, instead of relying only on baseline visits, allowing us to explore the ongoing temporal relationship between subtypes and disease progression over time. Results showed that subtypes with very mild or mild dementia were more heterogenous in their cognitive profiles and risk of disease progression.