bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A possible triggering mechanism for large Hawaiian earthquakes derived from analysis of the 26 June 1989 Kilauea south flank sequence
Authors: Bryan Carol J.
Published: September 2021

Examination of short-period seismic data from the ML = 6.1 Kilauea south flank earthquake and aftershock sequence indicates that the rupture process in large Hawaiian earthquakes is more complex than previously modeled. In contrast to the low-angle thrust solution determined for the mainshock from long-period teleseismic body waves by other workers, I find an intermediate- to high-angle reverse solution; I find, however, that focal mechanisms for coastal aftershocks of ML > 3.0 are similar to the teleseismic mechanism for the mainshock.

A difference in focal mechanisms determined from short-period local-network seismic data and from long-period teleseismic data has been noted for other recent large Hawaiian earthquakes. Both the mapping of surface cracks and the focal mechanism derived from short-period seismic data for the ML = 6.6 1983 Kaoiki earthquake show strike-slip motion, whereas the centroid moment tensor solution shows low-angle thrusting. The focal mechanism calculated from short-period seismic data for the ML = 7.2 1975 Kalapana mainshock shows low-angle thrusting according to some workers, but intermediate- to high-angle reverse faulting according to others, whereas focal mechanisms calculated from long-period seismic data show low-angle thrusting.

This result suggests that rupture initiation in large Hawaiian earthquakes, as represented by the short-period focal mechanisms, differs significantly from the overall rupture process, as represented by the teleseismic mechanisms. I propose that small earthquakes trigger the large-scale energy release at the bases of the volcanic edifices, the type of energy release often observed in large Hawaiian earthquakes. These triggering events may occur along rupture surfaces that differ from those along which the long-period moment release occurs and thus may represent release of a local stress concentration superposed upon the regional stress field.
Modeling delay-fired explosion spectra at regional distances
Authors: Chapman M. C. , Bollinger G. A. , Sibol M. S.
Published: September 2021

The objectives of this study are to model the observed seismic spectra from large industrial explosions using information obtained from blaster's logs and to compare the explosion spectra with those of small earthquake signals from the same source region. The data set consists of digital waveforms from four mining explosions (200,000 + lb. of explosives each) and two earthquakes (M = 3.5 and 4.0) in eastern Kentucky. The data were recorded on a short-period regional network at distances ranging from 180 to 400 km and have good signal-to-noise ratios at frequencies from 0.5 to 10 Hz.

The explosion amplitude spectra differ markedly from those of the earthquakes, by exhibiting strong time-independent amplitude modulations. This spectral modulation is directly attributable to the explosive charge geometry and firing sequence and is largely independent of source-station path and recording site.

Modeling of the explosion source spectra shows that the major contributor to the modulated character of the spectra are amplitude minima at frequencies related to the total duration of the explosion sequence. Another important effect is amplitude reinforcement at low frequencies (e.g., 5 Hz) due to the comparatively long delay (0.2 sec) between the firing of individual rows of explosives. These features dominate both Pg and Lg amplitude spectra at frequencies less than 7 Hz. Accurate modeling of the observed spectra at frequencies greater than a few Hertz requires that the azimuth of the recording site be taken into account. Also, the spectra at higher frequencies become sensitive to random variations in the firing times of any of the various subexplosions.
Peculiarities of surface-wave propagation across central Eurasia
Authors: Levshin Anatoli , Ratnikova Ludmila , Berger Jon
Published: September 2021

The recent installation of six broadband digital IRIS/IDA seismic stations in the USSR has provided new opportunities for studying surface-wave propagation across Eurasia. Group velocities of fundamental Rayleigh and Love modes between epicenters and these stations were determined for 35 events that occurred since April 1989 to the middle of July 1990 near Eurasia. Differential phase velocities were found for the same arrivals along paths between several pairs of stations. Group and phase velocities were obtained in the period range from 15 to 300 sec. Frequency-time polarization analysis was used for studying polarization properties of surface waves. In some cases, significant anomalies in the particle motion for periods up to 100 sec were observed. They are attributed to surface-wave refraction and scattering due to lateral inhomogeneities at the boundaries and inside the Eurasia continent.
Three-dimensional model of the Cascadia subduction zone using earthquake hypocenters, western Washington
Authors: Rieken Eric , Thiessen Richard L.
Published: September 2021

The identification of seismically active fault planes is important for assessment of earthquake potential as well as development of neotectonic models and analysis of stress systems for a region. An automated set of computer programs, SEISPLN, has been developed for the identification of three-dimensional (3-D) alignments of seismic hypocenters. The SEISPLN technique is based on rotating a 3-D elongate grid system through the hypocenter distribution. The number of events in each cell is tabulated, and those cells which contain statistically significant numbers of events are considered to be potential fault surfaces. A multiple linear regression is applied to the set of hypocenters in each delineated cell to model the 3-D geometry of each of the inferred fault surfaces. We applied the technique to earthquakes located by the Washington Regional Seismic Network to separate the seismic events associated with the subducted Juan de Fuca (JDF) plate from events in the overlying crust. A total of 259 JDF-associated events were delineated, and the resulting 3-D models of the JDF slab beneath Washington reveal a complex combination of arching and flattening. Also, a steep orientation for the slab is observed beneath the southern portion of the Washington Cascades, while a much shallower orientation is inferred beneath the northern Cascades.
An array study of the effects of a known local scatterer on regional phases
Authors: Gupta I. N. , Lynnes C. S. , Wagner R. A.
Published: September 2021

F-k analyses of NORESS array recordings of teleseismic events have indicated a prominent secondary source about 25 to 30 km southwest of the array, in the region of Lake Mjosa with large topographical relief. Residual seismograms derived by subtracting the beamed record from each array channel are used to investigate the effects of this scatterer on the regional phases Pn, Pg, and Lg from several events at regional distances. The beamed record for each regional phase is obtained by incorporating steering delays based on the known azimuth and phase velocity from the f-k analysis of raw data. Both explosion and earthquake sources along several different azimuths to NORESS provide evidence for scattered arrivals Pn-to-Rg, Pg-to-Rg, and Lg-to-Rg, originating from the same region of Lake Mjosa. These scattered arrivals are observed with remarkable clarity and closeness to the expected arrival times and are rich in low frequencies, as expected for Rg. Their presence in various regional phases indicates that near-receiver scattering plays an important role in the composition of regional phases.
Single-force representation of shallow landslide sources
Authors: Dahlen F. A.
Published: September 2021

A horizontal thrust fault situated at the Earth's surface does not excite any seismic radiation. Because of this and because it provides a satisfactory fit to the data, Kanamori and his co-workers have used a point force rather than a conventional moment tensor to represent the long-period Love- and Rayleigh-wave radiation from a number of shallow landslide sources. The force is supposed by Newton's third law to be ω2MD, where ω is the angular frequency, M is the slide mass, and D is the displacement. Day and McLaughlin (1991) have recently shown that the spall accompanying an underground explosion can be represented either by a shallow horizontal tension crack or by a vertical surface point force ω2MD, where M is the spall mass and D is the crack separation. Using their method, we show that a landslide can be represented in the JWKB approximation either by a shallow double couple or by a horizontal surface point force; for a Love wave the force is FL = ω2MD(1 − β20/c20), whereas for a Rayleigh wave it is FR = ω2MD(1 − 8β20/3c20), where β0 is the shear-wave velocity within the slide mass and c0 is the phase velocity of the surface wave in the vicinity of the source. The sliding block appears to be mechanically decoupled from the rest of the Earth, so that FL ≈ FR ≈ ω2MD, because of the reduced shear velocity β0 within the brecciated rockmass.
Yield estimation using bandpass-filtered seismograms: Preliminary results using neural networks with mb(Pn), short-time, long-time, and coda energy measurements
Authors: Leach Richard R. , Dowla Farid U. , Vergino Eileen S.
Published: September 2021

A neural network has been developed to simultaneously use multiple seismic measurements, such as mb(Pn) and coda energy, for estimating yields of underground nuclear explosions. Yield estimation results based on a large number of Nevada Test Site events that were recorded at the broadband seismic stations at Elko, Kanab, Landers, and Mina indicate that different length windows (6, 18, and 200 sec) of seismogram energy are as useful as the mb(Pn) measurement when the seismogram is filtered between 0.5 and 2 Hz. Detailed results of yield estimation trends as a function of signal frequency are also obtained. Yield estimation performance using long lapse time coda energy above 2 Hz is significantly limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Performance of the neural network with both mb(Pn) and energy information as input does not significantly exceed the performance of a conventional linear regression analysis that is based only on mb(Pn). Properties of the coda signal as a function of frequency and SNR that might ultimately lead us to the application of a full seismogram with a neural network for accurate seismic yield estimation are discussed.
mb(LgCoda): A stable single station estimator of magnitude
Authors: Mayeda Kevin
Published: September 2021

Stable single-station estimates of magnitude have been made using the 1-Hz Lg coda envelope of regionally recorded nuclear explosions from the Nevada Test Site (NTS). After empirical relations describing the Lg coda envelope were found for each NTS-station path, single station magnitudes based on the Lg coda envelope were made with precision in the range of 0.03 to 0.04 magnitude units, whereas magnitudes based on third peak Lg amplitude, rms Lg amplitude, and Pn amplitude had scatter on the order of 0.15 to 0.2 magnitude units, generally five times larger than the coda scatter. Despite the high station correlations, the magnitude-yield residuals for events above the water table using the network average mb(LgCoda) were only marginally better than the other magnitude estimates, roughly 10% smaller. Magnitude-yield residual for events above the water table between mb(LgCoda) and mb(Lg) are strongly correlated suggesting that the source region properties, such as gas porosity, affect both magnitudes. Using only a single station, the standard deviation for magnitude-yield residuals using mb(LgCoda) were roughly 25% smaller than those derived from mb(Lg) or mb(Pn). These results show that the method is ideally suited to monitoring efforts in sparsely instrumented regions where little is known about the lateral variations of medium properties.
ML:M0 as a regional seismic discriminant
Authors: Woods Bradley B. , Kedar Sharon , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: September 2021

The mb:MS ratio determined by teleseismic observations has proven to be an effective discriminant, for explosive sources tend to be significantly richer in short-period energy than are earthquakes. Unfortunately, this method is limited by the detection threshold of teleseismic surface waves. However, recent advances in instrumentation allowing low amplitude surface wave measurements coupled with new analytical techniques make it feasible to use regional waveform data to determine the long-period source excitation level of low magnitude events. We propose using the ratio of ML (local magnitude) to M0 (scalar seismic moment) as an analogous regional discriminant. We applied this criterion to a data set of 299 earthquakes and 178 explosions and found that this ratio seems to be diagnostic of source type. For a given M0, the ML of an explosion is more than 0.5 magnitude units larger than that of an earthquake. This separation of populations with respect to source type can be attributed to the fact that ML is a short-period (1 Hz) energy measurement, whereas seismic moment is determined from long-period body wave phases (period > 4 s) and surface waves (10 to 40 sec). Using regional stations with sources 200 to 600 km away, the effective threshold for magnitude measurements for this discriminant is found to be ML = 3.1 for earthquakes and ML = 3.6 for explosions. This method does require the determination of regional crustal models and path calibrations from master events or by other means.
2-D pseudo-spectral viscoacoustic modeling in a distributed-memory multi-processor computer
Authors: Liao Quingbo , McMechan George A.
Published: September 2021

Two pseudo-spectral implementations of 2-D viscoacoustic modeling are developed in a distributed-memory multi-processor computing environment. The first involves simultaneous computation of the response of one model to many source locations and, as it requires no interprocessor communication, is perfectly parallel. The second involves computation of the response, to one source, of a large model that is distributed across all processors. In the latter, local rather than global, Fourier transforms are used to minimize interprocessor communication and to eliminate the need for matrix transposition. In both algorithms, absorbing boundaries are defined as zones of decreased Q as part of the model, and so require no extra computation. An empirical method of determining sets of relaxation times for a broad range of Q values eliminates the need for iterative fitting of Q-frequency curves.
Knowledge-based interpretation of seismic data in the Intelligent Monitoring System
Authors: Bache Thomas C. , Bratt Steven R. , Swanger Henry J. , Beall Gregory W. , Dashiell Frederick K.
Published: September 2021

The Intelligent Monitoring System (IMS) provides a new capability for automated and interactive analysis of data to detect and locate seismic events recorded by a network of seismic stations. IMS integrates emerging technologies in artificial intelligence, database management, computer graphics, and distributed processing into an operational system used for routine bulletin production and associated research tasks. The first version of IMS (Bache et al., 1990a,b; Bratt et al., 1990) was designed for detection and location of regional events recorded by the two high-frequency arrays in Norway (NORESS and ARCESS). This has been extensively revised and expanded to become IMS Version 2 which is designed to detect and locate all seismic events recorded by an arbitrary seismic network. Since March 1991 it has been operated continuously to process the data from four high-frequency arrays (adding FINESA in Finland and GERESS in Germany). For some periods data from as many as seven 3-component stations in Eurasia have also been included in the processing. The most important new element is ESAL (Expert System for Association and Location) which interprets signal detections to form and locate seismic events. It is programmed in the ART expert system shell which provides the knowledge representation framework and inference mechanisms for complex and knowledge-rich rule-based reasoning. The current version of ESAL represents knowledge through approximately 200 ART rules that are configured through about 300 user-specified parameters and tables. The IMS architecture and operational procedures are designed to facilitate acquisition of new knowledge for ESAL. Knowledge acquisition methods being used include: Bayesian analysis, training neural-nets, statistical analysis to estimate parameters configuring rules, computing fuzzy-logic membership functions, and formulating new rules. Only the Bayesian probabilities are discussed in detail here. They provide a compact representation of complex knowledge about station-specific differences in phase characteristics. As an example, we describe the rules used for automated identification of detected regional Sn, Lg, and Rg phases. Using a Bayesian analysis technique, we quantify the differences in S-phase characteristics. The data show that they fall into two classes with GERESS distinct from the three Fennoscandia arrays.
3-D simulations of surface wave propagation in the Kanto sedimentary basin, Japan—part 1: Application of the surface wave Gaussian beam method
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Aki Keiiti , Teng Ta-Liang
Published: September 2021

The goal of this study is to simulate the displacement waveforms of 8 sec-period Love waves observed at Tokyo and Yokohama stations in the Kanto sedimentary basin during the Izu-hanto-toho-oki Earthquake of 29 June 1980 (M0 = 7 × 1025 dyne · cm). The surface wave Gaussian beam method is applied for this purpose. On the basis of the 3-D seismic velocity and density structure of the Kanto basin and assuming that the earth medium is laterally homogeneous outside the Kanto basin, waveforms of Love waves are synthesized. The synthesized seismograms underestimate the observed peak amplitudes at Yokohama station. This is primarily because the station is located in the direction of the nodal plane of the Love-wave radiation. As indicated by Yamanaka et al. (1992), a Quaternary basin exists in the Sagami Bay between the source location and the Kanto basin. We include the Sagami basin in our model by the approximation of a circular low-velocity region. Excellent agreement between observed and synthesized waveforms was achieved not only for amplitude but also for phase for the early parts of the wave trains at both stations. We conclude that the low velocity Quaternary basin in the Sagami Bay acts like a lens to focus surface wave energy resulting in high amplitudes. The later arriving waves, in particular the long duration observed at Tokyo station, however, cannot be adequately explained by this method. One possible reason for the failure of simulating the later phases is that this method disregards the secondary Love waves converted from S-waves and/or surface waves at a laterally discontinuous boundary. Although the surface wave Gaussian beam method cannot adequately predict the duration of observed seismograms, it provides us with a satisfactory prediction of amplitudes and phases for early arrivals in laterally slowly-varying media at drastically lower computation costs and less memory requirements than does other methods.
Source retrieval for deep local earthquakes with broadband records
Authors: Kikuchi Masayuki , Ishida Mizuho
Published: September 2021

Body wave data recorded at a small network of broadband seismograph stations are analyzed to investigate local events with focal depths deeper than about 50 km. For these events the initial portion of P-wave displacement represents well the source time function with a scaler correction for the seismic moment. The magnitudes of the analyzed earthquakes range from MW = 3.1 to 6.5. It is shown that the seismic moment M0 and the pulse width τ are well correlated as M0/τ3 = constant, indicating that the stress drop is largely constant. This dynamic similarity seems to be valid for a vast range of earthquake sizes: MW = 1 ∼ 8. It is also shown that source complexity such as a multiple shock nature is not a characteristic of only large earthquakes but is often observed even for small earthquakes.
Comparison of earthquake recurrence-rate estimates using the Gumbel and Gutenberg-Richter formulae
Authors: Howel B. F.
Published: September 2021

One thousand earthquakes distributed according to Gutenberg and Richter's formula, log N = 6 − M, were assumed to occur during a 50-yr period. Various fractions were assumed to be overlooked, and randomly distributed errors were added to their magnitudes. These data were used to calculate the expected recurrence rates of large earthquakes using methods developed by Gumbel and by Gutenberg and Richter. Although the method of Gutenberg and Richter leads to a more accurate estimation of recurrence rates with ideal data, when the data are incomplete and reported magnitudes contain errors, Gumbel's method sometimes leads to a more accurate estimate.
Organizational Support for Training of Russian Sign Language Translators in Educational Institutions
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Afanasyeva O.O. , Karpunina A.V. ,   Russian State Social University, Anikeeva O.A. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: September 2021

article contains materials for analysis of general principles of organizing training, legislatively enshrined conditions for organizing the process of training Russian sign language translators (RSL) on the basis of secondary vocational or higher education institutions, as well as the experience of implementing such programs in various educational organizations. Authors offer their own vision of the organizational aspects, the provisions of which are advisable to use in organizing training for RSL translators
The Works of Contemporary Composers in the Teaching Repertoire of the Music Institutions: Mastering Problem
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Pereverzeva M.V.
Published: September 2021

the article’s subject is avant-garde music of the 20th century and problem of its mastering in educational process in music institutions. The purpose of the work is providing the methodological recommendations for the mastering of avant-garde music in the training of music educators. The results of the work are follow: there have been detailed examination of the basic concepts and artistic and aesthetic principles, as well as the expressive means of this music, the problems of perception of modern compositions and its presentation in the educational process of institutions, the analysis and performance of avant-garde music, the theory of modern composition, the evolution of the piano performing style. Novelty of this article consists of scientific and practical results of music teachers’ work achieved by researchers, develops advanced ideas of domestic and foreign authors, but first of all it is designed to solve the main dilemma of art and education: the stylistic restriction of music, mastered by future music educators; the availability of highly artistic musical works that require conventional performing skills, and their absence in the teaching and concert repertoire of musicians; insufficient use of educational potential of avant-garde music in the training of music educators. Conclusions: piano music of American minimalist composers provides a comprehensive education of future music educators in the field of history and theory of music, the evolution of the musical language and performing style, students’ mastering of special competencies, thereby contributing to the formation of students’ universal professional performing skills and abilities.
Formation and Development of Policies to Facilitate the Improvement of Elderly Persons in Vietnam
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Nguyen Huu Hoang
Published: September 2021

in 2011, Vietnam officially entered the period of “population aging” but is still a poor and developing country. The current policy approach towards the Vietnamese elderly differs from the prevailing one in which the state should have the responsibility to improve quality and provide social protection for the lives of the elderly; by making them relatively passive beneficiaries of their policies. This research brings a relatively new perspective when realizing that the elderly are an important resource in the development of the country. To adopt policies to promote the maximize their role in all areas of public life with the goal of creating a generation of the elderly “actively adapting” to the rapidly aging population. Through research and analysis of historical and legal documents, these results show that the current “positive” and “active” elderly policy approach in Vietnam is necessary
Chemical Composition of Medicinal Plants Growing Under Conditions of Anthropogenic Load (On the Example of the Kursk Region)
Authors:   Department of Water Resources of the Moscow-Oka Basin Water Management of the Federal Agency for Water Resources, Kurbatov S.A. ,   Russian State Social University, Zubkova V.M. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: September 2021

in the conditions of the Kursk region, the analysis of soil samples and plant samples for the content of heavy metals was carried out. It is established that the soils of the studied areas are classified as having a high level of pollution in terms of their content. The priority pollutants of the soil are Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Cu, the supply of which is mainly associated with the enterprises operating in this territory. The content of heavy metals in medicinal plant raw materials is estimated. For the first time, depending on the biological characteristics of Tilia cordata, Betula pendula, Plantago major, Urtica dioica, Achillea millefollium, data on the content of biologically active substances in conditions of technogenic pollution are presented, and the antioxidant activity of plants in areas characterized by various anthropogenic loads is studied.
Conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y percepción de riesgo de los trabajadores de hatos lecheros de la Colonia 07 Montes frente a las zoonosis específicas
Authors: Núñez Cynthia , Samudio Margarita
Published: September 2021

Los trabajadores de hatos lecheros están en constante riesgo de contraer enfermedades zoonóticas como la brucelosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis y carbunco bacteridiano, por la exposición a agentes biológicos y el contacto directo con animales durante el desarrollo de sus labores. Se describe el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas, percepción de riesgo y las características sociodemográficas de los trabajadores de hatos lecheros de la colonia 07 Montes del distrito de Curuguaty, frente a las zoonosis, en el último trimestre del 2019. Fue un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en el cual se utilizó un cuestionario con 33 preguntas aplicado a 121 trabajadores, con el que se recogieron variables demográficas, conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y percepción de riesgo. Los datos se analizaron a través del programa estadístico SPSS. Para el análisis univariado, se empleó la estadística descriptiva para representar los datos expresados en frecuencias, porcentajes y tablas. El 52,9 % de los trabajadores tenía conocimiento sobre la brucelosis, tuberculosis y leptospirosis, el 74,4 % tenía actitudes positivas, el 66,9% implementaba prácticas positivas y el 52,9% percibía el riesgo. Menos del 75% de los trabajadores encuestados tenían conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y percepciones de riesgo óptimos, lo que resulta preocupante considerando la exposición constante de los mismos a las enfermedades zoonóticas, es por ello que se deberían implementar estrategias educativas de carácter multisectorial concernientes a estas patologías y sus medidas preventivas a modo de mejorar esta situación.
Operated case of tubercular meningitis with hydrocephalus in an immunocompromised patient and acute abdomen-management controversy: a case report
Authors: Nath Amar
Published: September 2021

Tuberculosis is a very common infectious disease in developing countries like India. Most common form includes pulmonary tuberculosis. Other common forms are tubercular meningitis and intestinal tuberculosis. Hydrocephalus is one of the commonest complications of tubercular meningitis. We present a HIV positive case who had tubercular meningitis with hydrocephalus and was operated for ventriculoperitoneal shunting, later developed intestinal tuberculosis with perforation peritonitis. The presentation of an acute abdomen with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt requires skillful diagnostic workup and management. Apart from complications caused by the shunt, primary abdominal pathological conditions must be taken into consideration. Tuberculosis has multiple presentations all of which should be kept in mind.
General public awareness of indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in Al'qassim region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alayaaf Abdullah S. , Alsaeed Hamad S. , AlSamani Abdullah N. , Alfadhel Emad A. , Aldhilan Maha M. , Alswyan Rabab A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Obesity is risingly becoming a health care problem. After ineffective tries to lose weight with lifestyle-based conservative methods, the most effective obesity treatment will become bariatric surgery. Objective of this study aimed to assess the awareness of the general public about indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in Al'Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population living in Al'Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. A validated Arabic/English questionnaires were distributed among the targeted individual using an online platform. Questionnaires included demographic data, general knowledge about gastric sleeve and the knowledge toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.Results: Nearly all participants were aware of sleeve gastrectomy (99.1%). The prevalence of participants who knew the indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy were 60.9% and 72.2%, respectively. Furthermore, approximately three quarters (70.3%) were confident that the most common indication of the gastric sleeve was an adult with BMI >40 kg/m2. Statistical tests revealed that the knowledge toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy were more common among those who have heard about BMI and those who knew the BMI range of obese person (p<0.05).Conclusions: Although, general population awareness toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy was moderate, however, their knowledge about the BMI seems to be lacking. Having better knowledge about BMI likely influenced their awareness of the indications and complications of gastric sleeve.
Correlation ER/PR status of Breast Carcinoma with Tumor size, Tumor grade, Lymphovascular emboli, Lymph node metastasis and the distant metastasis
Authors: Mane Vaibhav , Anand Nekta , Wakkar Darshana
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in females in the world and is the second most common cancer in India after cervical cancer. The breast cancer is second most common reason of loss of existence in each developed and additionally most of the growing countries. For the appraisal of prognosis of breast cancer commonly followed is the NOTTINGHAM PROGNOSTIC INDEX (NPI) which includes- tumor size, histological tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and hormone receptor status. These prognostic component help in administration and therapeutic requirement of breast cancer patient.

1. To study the MRM specimens for size, grade of the tumor, LVI and LN metastases and the ER/PR receptors of the tumor. 2.To study the association of ER/PR status with the above mentioned prognostic parameters.

This three-year study includes 50 histopathologically confirmed cases of carcinoma breast. The tumor type, grade, LNM, LVE were reported on H & E. The ER-PR study was done of all 50 cases. The tumor size, grade, NM, LVE were correlated with receptor status.

Out of 50 cases majority (7.5%) of cases were in 41-50 years of age group, and tumor size was between 2-4 cm in (17.5%) cases; majority were of grade II carcinoma (17.5%) of which 13% were ER-PR positive. Out of 35 cases with negative LNM and LVE, 26 cases (13%) were ER-PR positive.

In our observation there is no association between higher histological grade and ER-PR status. No obvious correlation with tumor size was noted. But increase in tumor size could also be a poor predictor of ER-PR status. LNM, LVE is poor predictor of ER-PR status.
The New Fiscal Normal: Vaccinations, Debt, and Fiscal Adjustment in Emerging Economies
Authors: Valencia Óscar M. , Arellano Matheo , Angarita Matilde
Published: September 2021

What is the potential impact of vaccination programs and different fiscal adjustment scenarios on countries after suffering the macro-fiscal effects of the pandemic? We calibrate a DSGE model with an epidemiological module for the average Latin American and Caribbean economy that uses fiscal policy and vaccination to contain these effects. We nd that there is a trade-off in the application of one of these policies. Focusing on vaccination has a high return in saving lives and improving economic growth but a lower fiscal adjustment. We conclude that simultaneous vaccination and fiscal reform is a successful policy combination that helps countries mitigate the health effects of the pandemic, reduce the economic cost of fiscal policy, and move toward a path of fiscal consolidation.
POTENTIAL AND PERSPECTIVES OF INDIRECT REVASCULARIZATION IN TREATMENT OF LOWER LIMBS CRITICAL ISCHEMIA
Authors:   Vitebsk State Medical University, Yaroshkin S.N. , Sushkou S.A. ,   Vitebsk State Medical University, Fralou L.A. ,   Vitebsk State Medical University
Published: September 2021

This review was undertaken by a literature search of the International scientific database PubMed and Cochrane library. The review highlights the issues and perspectives of indirect revascularization in the patients with lower limbs critical ischemia. The study revealedthat lower limbs critical ischemia remains the actual problem ofangiosurgery, despite of the widespread introduction of angioplasty and open vascular reconstruction. However, angioplasty and bypass surgery revascularization cannot be performed in some category of patients, so that the further improvement of indirect revascularization techniques has been of great interesttoresearchers. The severity of the ischemic process is determined not only by the mechanical blood flow restriction but also by the angiogenic potential of the surrounding soft tissues, foremost muscular one. Therefore, in the case of technical irreparability of the main blood flow it remains possible to preserve the limb by creating new vascular networks in the muscular tissue. Revascularizing osteotrepanation of the lower limb bones is considered to be theoptimal variant to achieve this result. The discontent of clinical outcomes occurred due to the slow development of the angiogenic effect, which in critical ischemia is fraught with loss of a limb until the maximal angiogenesis is reached. In recent years, cell therapyhas become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. So that its methods have been actively introduced into practice; they are easily combined with revascularizing osteotrepanation and are able significantly accelerate angiogenesis induced by surgical bone injury. In this regard, there is reason to believe that curative effect increases when revascularising osteotrepanation is combined with cell therapy, including the use of bone marrow aspirates.
INFECTED URACHAL CYST IN AN ADULT
Authors:   Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, Zhukovskiy V.S. , Pankiv M.V. ,   Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, Chaplyk V.V. ,   Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, Kozopas V.S. ,   Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, Humeniuk V.V. ,   Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University
Published: September 2021

Urachus is a tubular formation originating from the top of the urinary bladder and directed to the umbilicus between the peritoneum and the transverse fascia of the abdomen. In an embryo, it serves to divert primary urine to the amniotic fluid. In case, if obliteration of the duct does not occur until the birth, various pathological processes can develop in it. The most common abnomalies of urachus reported in adults are an infected urachal cyst and urachal carcinoma. These diagnoses are not always easy to make due to atypical symptoms of their manifestation and the rarity of these diseases - just two cases per 100,000 hospitalizations of adults. A 22-year-old man with a subcutaneous abscess and anexternal fistula located in theumbilical region with redness of the surrounding skin. 16 hours after dissection and drainaging of the abscess, the patient’s condition worsened, pain in the lower parts of the abdomen began, muscle tension of the anterior abdominal wall and inflammatory changes in blood tests were revealed. The patient was operated on for peritonitis. A two-chambered urachus cyst of the «hourglass» type, with the formation of a dense consistency calculus in one of the cavities, which perforated into the abdominal cavity This clinical case is of the great interest from the point of view of the atypical course and the treatment of a rather rare anomaly in adults. The publication will remind emergency medicine physicians about the possibility of infected urachus in patients with symptoms of acute abdomen.
MINI-INVASIVE AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN 97-YEAR PATIENT
Authors:   Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Yemets G.I. , Telehuzova O.V. ,   Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Chernetskyi Ye.A. ,   Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Mankovskyi G.B. ,   Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Marushko Ye.Yu. ,   Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

This review focuses on the choice of treatment strategy in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis. The variability of surgical approaches and options, often limited due to excessive caution associated with the age-relative peculiarities of such patients has been shown in this study. The effectiveness of a multidisciplinary and integrated approach has been demonstrated, the result of which is measured by improving the quality and duration of the patient’s life. A case of mini-invasive aortic valve replacement in a 97-year-old patient is unique for the world literature. The key indicators that undoubtedly influence the choice of treatment tactics for an elderly patient are: the patient’s general condition, comorbidity and the ability of quick postoperative rehabilitation. Thus, minimally invasive surgery and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are considered to be the methods of choice for these patients. TAVI as an option is not always available, particular in countries with unstable economic conditions. In the given case, a multi-stage preoperative preparation of patient was performed to stabilize the general condition and to compensate the comorbidity. Thus, the preoperative period optimization for high-risk patients facilitated the rapid rehabilitation and adaptation after the operation. Anysurgical procedurehasrisks associatedwith it, so the hybrid approach, widely used in a current clinical cardiac surgery, is especially valuable in the context of treating elderly patients, since it minimizestheserisks.
Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Use in Cardiogenic Shock and High-Risk Percutaneous Intervention.
Authors: Sarwar Usman , Bardia Nikky , Amritphale Amod , Tahir Hassan , M.Awan MD Ghulam
Published: September 2021

Statistical data has shown that patients now treated in cardiac catheterization laboratories are older with several comorbidities, including renal failure, diabetes, and heart failure [1]. In past patients who were not suitable candidates for percutaneous coronary intervention due to their numerous comorbidities now seems to be a suitable candidate due to tremendous advancements in the field of interventional cardiology like new stent design and availability of advance mechanical circulatory support devices, i.e., Impella performing PCI on these high-risk patients become a viable option. There are two areas of cardiology in which mechanical circulatory support devices keep evolving: one is high-risk (percutaneous coronary intervention) PCI, and the other is a cardiogenic shock that is refractory to initial pressor support. 

In this article, we review evidence base data regarding the use of mechanical circulatory support devices in high-risk percutaneous intervention and cardiogenic shock.
Impacts of Transformational and Laissez-Faire Leadership in Health
Authors: Khan Ahmad , Tidman Dr. Melanie M.
Published: September 2021

The health care industry is continuously developing, and constant leadership must maintain high-quality care to patients. Applying certain leadership styles is critical in developing, aligning and fabricating a pathway to effective and reliable care. Leaders can improve their subordinates’ performance, work behavior, and communication of their subordinates through the application of different styles of leadership. The two styles of leadership under investigation in this paper are transformational leadership and laissez-faire leadership.

In health care organizations, transformational leadership improves the quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore, transformation enhances staff commitment to organizational goals. In contrast, Laissez-faire leadership is not an ideal style in health care facilities. Laissez-faire leadership increases stress levels, anxiety, and staff turnover rates. As a result, the higher level of stress among staff leads to medical errors, a higher rate of staff turnovers, and suboptimal care to care for patients. Each leadership style has its strengths and weaknesses; leaders need to apply the appropriate leadership style to improve health care quality, patient safety, teamwork, and increase staff motivation and commitment to reduce adverse events in health care facilities.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE WITH HEXENE-1, MODIFIED WITH FINISHED NANOFIBERS-Al2O3 (NAFEN) WITH INCREASED RESISTANCE TO THERMAL OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kondrashov S.V. , Pykhtin A.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Melnikov A.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Antyufeyeva N.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Guseva M.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Bravaya N.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratovskih S.L. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Panin A.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zharkov I.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobanov M.V. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: September 2021

Here we report the study on synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites obtained by in situ catalytic polymerization of ethylene and hexene-1 on metallocene catalyst in the presence of dispersed surface-functionalized -Al2O3 nanofibers (Nafen). It has been determined that surface treatment of Nafen nanofibers with organosilanes allows to obtain stable nanoscale dispersions under ultrasonication. It has been shown that nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene with hexene-1 demonstrate improved resistance to thermal oxidative degradation in comparison with nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene with propylene, while the influence of the silane chemistry on the mechanical characteristics in these nanocomposites is less pronounced. The best mechanical characteristics were achieved for nanocomposite with Nafen treated with trimethoxyvinylsilane. The melt flow index drop is observed after moderate heat treatment or combined temperature/humidity.
Contribuições ao Controle Current Programmed Mode (CPM) Aplicado a Conversores CC-CC
Authors: Júnior Rogerio Luiz da Silva , Vecchia Mauricio Dalla , Kirsten André Luís , Lazzarin Telles Brunelli
Published: September 2021

Apesar de muito difundido na indústria, a estratégia de controle CPM aplicada a conversores CC-CC carece de discussões científicas e uma completa metodologia de projeto para sua correta implementação. Neste contexto, este artigo contribui com uma metodologia para a modelagem e o projeto do controle CPM para os conversores CC-CC Buck e Forward, destacando os desafios existentes em cada um deles. O modelo dos conversores considerando frequências subharmônicas é apresentado, além da consideração da corrente de magnetização como uma rampa externa de compensação no sistema de controle. A modelagem final do conversor Forward foi validada via simulação no circuito comutado e no espectro da frequência. Resultados de simulação e experimentais para validação da estratégia de controle discutida são apresentados para os seguintes parâmetros de projeto: 400V-24V de tensão de entrada e saída, 100kHz de frequência de comutação e 200 W de potência.
Zmiana parametrów zaczynu cementowego w obecności kopolimeru butadienowo-styrenowo-amidowego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kątna Ewa
Published: September 2021

Wodna dyspersja kopolimeru butadienowo-styrenowo-amidowego z zastosowaniem środków modyfikujących to najczęściej wykorzystywany rodzaj lateksu w branży wiertniczej. Zaczyny cementowe zawierające ten dodatek nazywane są zaczynami lateksowymi. Zawierają one w składzie od kilku do kilkudziesięciu procent lateksu. Dodatek lateksu do zaczynu w ilości nieprzekraczającej 10% zwykle nie wpływa na właściwości mechaniczne związanego zaczynu cementowego, ale zapobiega migracji gazu. Przy zawartości mniejszej od około 5% masy cementu lateks nie ma znaczącego wpływu na plastyczność. Ilość stosowanego w zaczynie lateksu wpływa na parametry technologiczne decydujące o efektywności uszczelnienia. W związku z tym niezbędne jest prowadzenie badań wpływu zmiany parametrów zaczynu wynikającej z zastosowania dodatku kopolimeru butadienowo-styrenowo-amidowego. W niniejszym artykule, na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych, przedstawione zostały receptury zmodyfikowanych zaczynów cementowych, które charakteryzują się zwiększoną ilością lateksu. Zawartość tego materiału dochodzi do 20%, natomiast w celu doszczelnienia matrycy płaszcza cementowego zastosowano również mikrocement w ilości 50%. Przeprowadzono analizę właściwości technologicznych sporządzonych zaczynów cementowych w przedziale temperatur od 25°C do 60°C. Głównym celem stosowania w zaczynach cementowych dodatku lateksu i mikrocementu jest minimalizowanie lub wyeliminowanie zjawiska migracji gazu oraz powstrzymanie procesu tworzenia się kanałów gazowych w strukturze wiążącego zaczynu cementowego. Przedstawione w publikacji wyniki badań przyczyniają się do projektowania nowych receptur przeznaczonych do uszczelniania otworów w warunkach podwyższonego ryzyka wystąpienia migracji gazu. Tego rodzaju zaczyny mogą być używane do uszczelniania rur okładzinowych w otworach wiertniczych w różnych warunkach geologiczno-złożowych, przy temperaturze do 60°C i ciśnieniu do około 40 MPa.