bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Scorzonera papposa collected from Iraq and Turkey
Authors: MOHAMMED Falah Saleh , GÜNAL Selami , ŞABİK Ali Erdem , AKGÜL Hasan , SEVİNDİK Mustafa
Published: April 2020

Plants are important natural materials used in complementary medicine. In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Scorzonera papposa DC. collected from Duhok (Iraq) and Gaziantep (Turkey) regions were determined. Extracts of aerial parts and roots of the plant with ethanol were obtained. Antioxidant and oxidant potentials were determined by using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. Antimicrobial activities were tested against bacteria and fungus strains using the agar dilution method. In our study, it was determined that S. papposa has important antioxidant activity. Also, It was found that extracts of plant parts were effective at 50-800 µg/mL concentrations. As a result, it was determined that S. papposa could be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent that can be used in complementary medicine.
Análisis de datos abiertos de instituciones de educación superior colombianas como apoyo a la relación Universidad-Entorno
Authors: Osorio-Sanabria Mariutsi- Alexandra , Amaya Fernández Ferney Orlando , González-Zabala Mayda
Published: April 2020

Las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) generan datos, información y conocimiento, por lo cual se consideran actores claves en los ecosistemas de datos abiertos. En este contexto, la apertura de datos es una estrategia que apoya al acceso a la información y a la relación de las universidades con el entorno. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar, mediante un análisis comparativo, el alcance de las publicaciones de conjuntos de datos abiertos de estas instituciones desde tres ejes: (1) los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), (2) sectores de bienes y servicios y (3) temas estratégicos definidos por el gobierno colombiano. Los resultados revelan una baja publicación de conjuntos de datos, los cuales se centran en calidad y cobertura educativa. Se concluye que las universidades colombianas requieren estrategias que permitan el cumplimiento de la Ley de Transparencia Pública, Ley 1712 de 2014, y la implementación de iniciativas de datos abiertos que fortalezcan la interacción con el entorno, la generación de conocimiento y la innovación.
Potential of transgenic Bt-maize for management of Elasmopalpus lignosellus
Authors: Vinha Fernando Belezini , Silva Bruna Fernanda Bueno da , Masson Mauricio Bianchi , Pinto Alexandre De Sene
Published: April 2020

The Lepidoptera insects are responsible for large losses in maize production in Brazil, and stand out those that attack seedlings, such as lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller). The objective of this work was to compare the performance of transgenic Bt maize in the control of the E. lignosellus caterpillar in the maize seedlings phase in two trials. In the first trial six treatments were tested: (1) Conventional Non-Bt maize; (2) Conventional Non-Bt maize with insecticide application; (3) transgenic maize expressing the Cry1Ab genes; (4) Cry1F; (5) Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; (6) Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Cry1F. The experimental design was randomized blocks, where each treatment was repeated 4 times in plots of 22.5 m2. Ten consecutive plants with third instar larvae of E. lignosellus in the seedling stage were artificially infested. Only the Non-Bt  maize (Control) was affected by the E. lignosellus caterpillar, but all the treatments presented tillering, galleries and holes in the stem. In the second assay the genotypes used were seeded on 11/23/2012, and the damages of 3rd instar caterpillars of E. ligosellus (Zeller) were evaluated. The treatments were: (1) Conventional Non-Bt maize (Control); (2) transgenic maize expressing the Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 genes; (3) Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; (4) Vip3Aa20; (5) Vip3Aa20 + Cry1Ab; (6) Cry1F; (7) Cry1Ab + Cry1F. The plots were formed by a line spaced in 0.7 m of 2 m, with 10 plants, with barriers to prevent the exit of artificially infested insects. In the first and second assays, non-Bt maize with or without insecticide application were affected by E. lignosellus caterpillars. However, Bt transgenic maize was not harmed by E. lignosellus caterpillars, except the Vip3Aa20 treatment. Bt transgenic plants were poorly damaged by E. lignosellus in the seedling and leaf stage.
Growth and vegetative development of soybean plants in soil type Concrectionary Petric Plinthosol
Authors: Nikkel Marcio , Lima Saulo De Oliveira
Published: April 2020

The central-north of Brazil is a region with strong presence of concrectionary soil, whose supposed disadvantages from the agronomic point of view, do not prevent their use in agriculture. However, more in-depth information about the behavior of crops of agricultural interest cultivated in this type of soil is few. Due to the observation of agricultural stands in this type of soil, it was hypothesized that plinthite ironstones concretions negatively interfere in the development of crops of agro-economic interest. The objective was to verify the growth and development of soybean cultivated in soil with the presence and absence of plinthite ironstones. Concretionary Petric Plinthosol were collected in the 0-0,20 m layer and part of the soil was sieved so that concretions larger than 3.10 mm in diameter were removed, thus leaving two treatments, soil with and without plinthite ironstones. Morphological evaluations were performed during their phenological phase. Soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed higher growth at 32 and 48 DAE and more leaflets when compared to soy crop grown in soil with ironstones. As for dry matter, soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed more values for aerial, root and total mass as well for aerial root rate when compared to soybean grown in soil with ironstones. Plinthite ironstones interfere with the growth and/or vegetative development of soybeans. Soybean has less vegetative development when grown in soil with plinthite ironstone concretions.
Available soil water upper limit by modeling and direct determination in a greenhouse
Authors: Campos Matheus Pena , Rufini José Carlos Moraes , Silva Bruno Montoani , Sousa Saulo Saturnino de , Magalhães Deniete Soares , Campos Pedro Henrique Pena
Published: April 2020

Pot capacity (PC) is a direct method of determining field capacity (FC) for experiments with plantings in pots. The objective of this study was to evaluate different laboratory methods to determine field capacity and compare them with the pot capacity method. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), with nine treatments (methods of obtaining FC) and four replications, totaling 36 experimental plots. The mean values of moisture contents in the FC of the nine methods were compared, being eight empirically obtained and one directly in the greenhouse, defined as a control treatment (PC). The relative accuracy (RA) for all treatments was determined in relation to the control treatment. The estimation of the upper limit of available water in the soil varies depending on the method, and a decreasing order of moisture levels can be observed at FC: FC-Lab4pts > FC-Labip > FC-Lab8pts > PC > FC-Lab6pts > FC-6KPa > FC-LabSWRC > FC-10KPa > FC-33KPa. The treatment FC-Lab6pts has the relative accuracy closest to 100% and can be a practical alternative to PC. The use of 4, 6, 8 or 10 points for modeling the SWRC does not interfere with the quality of the FC estimated by the Dexter inflection point method, which is much more efficient for experiments of this nature. The use of potentials -10 kPa and -33 kPa is not adequate to estimate FC in tests with pots in a greenhouse.
Biomass and phosphorus content in giant bamboo cuttings influenced by phosphate fertilization
Authors: Dunaiski Felipe Antico , Pauletti Volnei , Motta Antônio Carlos Vargas , Gotz Lenir Fátima
Published: April 2020

Dendrocalamus asper, known as giant bamboo or bamboo-bucket, has been used as a substitute for wood and fiber, due mainly to its wide availability, rapid growth rate, short cycle and traditional use as construction material. In general, its cultivation is carried out on phosphorus-deficient soils, using vegetative propagation, mainly from cuttings. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with phosphorus doses on the biomass allocation in roots, leaves and stems and on the level and content of P in leaves and roots of bamboo cuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using soil with low P content (2.4 mg dm-3). The treatments consisted of six doses of phosphorus (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 e 320 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The experimental design was a randomized block design, with five replications. After 90 days, the seedlings were collected and evaluated the following variables: dry mass of roots, leaves, stems and total dry mass, level and P content in leaves and roots. Phosphate fertilization promoted greater development of the cuttings and resulted in higher content of P. In general, the species D. asper responds positively to phosphate fertilization.
A Interação e a Colaboração na Formação de Mediadores Pedagógicos Digitais
Authors: Czeszak Wanderlucy , Barros Daniela Melaré Vieira , Schlünzen Elisa Tomoe Moriya , Perez Daniela Jordão Garcia
Published: April 2020

Nossa pesquisa se desenvolveu em uma das turmas do curso online, fruto de uma parceria entre a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), a Universidade Aberta de Portugal (UAb) e a Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), para a formação de 1500 cursistas. Este estudo apresenta a experiência de uma das autoras no curso de formação de mediadores pedagógicos digitais para educação a distância, enfatizando a importância da interação e do trabalho colaborativo na construção do conhecimento. O conceito de aprendizagem expansiva de Engeström (1994) e a abordagem Construcionista, Contextualizada e Significativa (CCS) de SCHLÜNZEN (2015) compõem a base deste estudo. Foi adotada uma abordagem metodológica do tipo qualitativa, por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009), a partir da qual são realizadas observações sobre a natureza da interação em atividades propostas no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) e em um grupo utilizando o aplicativo WhatsApp. Podemos afirmar que os processos de comunicação foram fundamentais para formar o professor mediador, condição essencial para que seja promovida a interação e o trabalho colaborativo.
Palavras-chave: Colaboração. Interação. Formação de mediadores pedagógicos. EaD.
SEDE DO PACIENTE CIRÚRGICO ORTOPÉDICO NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO IMEDIATO
Authors: Maldonado Rayane Nascimbeni , Conchon Marília Ferrari , Birolim Marcela Maria , Fonseca Lígia Fahl
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência, intensidade e desconforto da sede do paciente cirúrgico ortopédico e as correlações com as variáveis demográficas e clínico-cirúrgicas. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo e analítico com 78 pacientes em Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica de um hospital de ensino. Resultados: oito pacientes (10,3%) verbalizaram sede espontaneamente. Sua intensidade média foi de 4,8 e o desconforto de 5,0. O atributo boca seca foi o mais prevalente, seguido de vontade de beber água e lábios ressecados. Intensidade associou-se significativamente a desconforto da sede no grupo de pacientes de 21 a 40 anos. Houve relação de prevalência entre presença de sede e todos os atributos da Escala de Desconforto da Sede Perioperatória, com exceção do atributo gosto ruim na boca. Conclusão: a sede do paciente cirúrgico ortopédico é prevalente no período pós-operatório, de intensidade moderada, porém consideravelmente desconfortável.

Descritores: Sede. Enfermagem Perioperatória. Ortopedia. Sala de Recuperação.

 
Radiofrequency Ablation Effect on Histo- and Fibroarchitectonics of Plantar Aponeurosis in Dogs with Fasciopathy Simulated by Alprostadil
Authors: Markelova M. V. , Reznik L. B. , Kononov A. V. , Dzyuba G. G. , Silant'ev V. N. , Turushev M. A. , Kuznetsov N. K.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate radiofrequency ablation (RFA) effect on histo- and fibroarchitectonics of plantar aponeurosis in dogs with fasciopathy simulated by alprostan.

Material and methods. Methods of light microscopy (Van Gieson, Weigert–Van Gieson and picro-allory staining with alcian and toluidine blue) and morphometry were used in the study. The study involved sections of plantar aponeurosis in animals of the control group (without fasciopathy, n=8), the main group (with RFA, n=8) and the comparison group (without RFA, n=8).

Results. The study demonstrated that a single exposure to RFA after simulated alprostane fasciopathy (four-time injection of the medication during 35 days) did not cause an increase or occurrence of additional pathological changes in the injection area after 7 days. Edema, microbleeding, infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and leukocytes, dystrophy in the form of mucoid swelling, collapse and rupture of collagen fibers were revealed in animals of the main group, as well as in animals of the comparison group. Processes of adaptation and regeneration of the connective tissue in both groups were manifested in the form of a large number of activated fibrocytes, fibroblasts, microvessels, and the formation of collagen fibers. All these together resulted in the same type of heterochronous and heteromorphic spatial histotopographic changes in the aponeurosis – its structure became more cellular, but less ordered in space. Foci of the chaotic distribution of damaged and newly formed collagen fibers appeared. However, exposure to RFA under moderate power (energy) conditions destroyed cells, thin and damaged collagen fibers, and prevented the development of irreversible fibrinoid swelling and granulation tissue around the foci of dystrophy. Together, all these changes reduced the possibility of gross cicatricial rearrangements in the foci of pathologically altered collagen networks.

Conclusion. A single exposure to RFA prevented the development of irreversible stromal-vascular dysproteinoses, inflammatory processes and gross cicatricial changes in the connective tissue of the plantar aponeurosis in dogs. These changes can be determined as reasons for the positive clinical effect of RFA on the foci of pathologically altered collagen networks in fasciopathies.
Age Dependency of Spermatogenesis Efficiency in Cats
Authors: Torgun P. M. , Nikityuk D. B. , Klochkova S. V. , Alexeeva N. T. , Kvaratskheliya A. G. , Sokolov D. A. , Ul'yanov I. A. , Teptsova A. D. , Tkachenko A. S. , Goryainova M. V.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to study the efficiency of spermatogenesis in old and young cats in various seasons of the year

Material and methods. The material has been collected from 16 cats of different ages in winter and summer periods in Voronezh veterinary clinics while animals being sterilized. The testicles were fixed in Shtiva’s liquid and Buen’s liquid. The material was poured into paraffin and a series of paraffin sections 4–5 μm thick were prepared. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, iron hematoxylin, Heidengain azane, trichrome-PAS reaction and tetrachrome-PAS reaction. By means of a helical eyepiece-micrometer, the diameter of the testicles tubules and the epididymis (50 measurements for each animal) were measured. To determine the effectiveness of spermatogenesis at an increase in 900 times, the number of first-order spermatocytes in the zigotene and pachitene stage, early spermatid (50 canals for each animal) was estimated. The normality of the distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Lilliefors adjustment. The measurement results were processed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-criteria. Changes at Р<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results. The maximum diameter of the testicular tubules and the canal of the epididymis was found in animals at two years of age. These parameters in cats at the age of 8 years are reduced by 29.2%, and by17.0%, respectively. Comparing the number of dying cells in old and young animals, it can be noted that in cats at the age of 8 years the number of dying spermatids increases, while spermatogenesis efficiency decrease is statistically significant (by 19.1%).
Actualidad institucional y económica de España en el marco de la Unión Europea (Enero 2020)
Authors: Iñarritu Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Sumario: I. Introducción- II. El Estado de la Integración- III. Cuestiones generales de la actualidad económicaPublicación en línea: 02 abril 2020
Obstructive sleep apnea in the pathogenesis of ocular vascular diseases
Authors: Astakhov Y. S. , Tultseva S. N. , Titarenko A. I. , Astakhov S. Y. , Antonov V. A. , Ionin V. A. , Ovnanyan A. Y. , Novikov S. A.
Published: April 2020

Respiratory changes caused by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome increase the risk of ocular vascular diseases. Hypoxia, hypercapnia, endothelial dysfunction associated with OSA syndrome, promote local impairment of fibrinolysis, cause hypercoagulation and vasospasm, creating conditions for retinal vein occlusions as well as for those of posterior ciliary arteries. 91,5 % patients with retinal vein occlusions and 75 % patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy have moderate-to-severe OSA. OSA timely diagnosis and treatment prevent acute vascular pathology of the retina and optic nerve.
Globotics Driven Digital Transformation: A Bright Future for Internships, Digital Marketing and E-Commerce Education
Authors: Sood Suresh , Pattinson Hugh
Published: April 2020

This paper introduces a new approach, Globotics (Baldwin 2019), with the main focus directed towards the lack of skills in digital marketing and e-commerce. Globotics is assumed to provide insights for the adoption of a pedagogy of experiential learning. Furthermore, the adoption of globotics (ibid) may potentially lead towards a brighter future for tertiary marketing education, as well as fulfil the diverse needs of Asia and Oceania regarding the acquisition of digital marketing talent. The author conducted in-depth interviews with academics and practitioners in order to gain insight into the overall context of marketing practice. Upon reviewing the data, informats have, recognizing its value, highlighted the differences between digital and its counter point – traditional marketing. We assumed that tracking the online search trends can help solidify and feedback some information where past search demands for digital marketing, social media marketing e-commerce marketing and social commerce. An online service using “globotics” (Baldwin 2019) provides a promising approach towards solving the problems of both digital marketing curriculum and scarce talent linking marketing educators and students with practitioners. Importantly, with globotics marketing students as interns have an opportunity to take on tasks well beyond previous undergrad and postgrad entry- level roles of the last century.
Studies in English legal history. An introduction
Authors: Korporowicz Łukasz Jan
Published: April 2020

In this article, the general goals of the following volume of the journal were defined. It was described how Polish-English commercial and political relations evolved. Besides, a short history of the Polish lawyers’ interest in English law was presented. Finally, the author referred to the outcomes of the research of Polish scholars who were studying English legal history in the last half a century.
More in common (law) than originally thought? A theoretical first comparison of the Magna Carta and the Księga Elbląska
Authors: Higgins J. Patrick
Published: April 2020

Medieval legal scholars generally do not compare the Polish and English legal systems, though in the 13th century they share a surprising number of similarities. This is especially clear if one considers the convergent of evolution of legal institutions in response to socio-historical problems. This is concretely traced through historical and textual analysis of Magna Carta and Księga Elbląska, two foundational texts in their respective legal systems. Ramifications of this new comparative perspective are discussed, with avenues of further research outlined.
Rome and Roman law in English antislavery literature and judicial decisions
Authors: Korporowicz Łukasz Jan
Published: April 2020

The abolition of slavery by modern states was an important step towards the recognition of what is now known as human rights. The British Empire and its cradle, England, were the leading entities responsible for the support of the international trade slave. For this reason, its antislavery movement is one which deserves particular attention. The argumentation used by the abolitionists has been a subject of many studies. Philosophical, theological or commercial arguments against slavery are well researched. It needs to be emphasised, however, that abolition was a legal step. In this context, it is interesting to seek legal argumentation against the enslavement of people. It is obvious that an appropriate reasoning would be difficult to find. Slavery has been a common social institution since ancient times. The universal principles of Roman law, as well as the significance of Roman civilisation for the development of the Western culture, made it one obvious field of research. The main aim of this article is to check if reference to Roman antiquity has been one of the crucial arguments in the antislavery struggle in Britain.
Beneficiaries of A Place: Whose Life Is Better?
Authors: Rozhkov Kirill L. , Khomutskii Konstantin
Published: April 2020

The paper shows relationships between the characteristics of residents and the places, where they live. A combination of three criteria of place attractiveness (retention and attraction, conditions for natural growth, and settling) was chosen to classify places, and profiles of their beneficiaries on the theoretical level. The results of the empirical study partially con­firm the developed theoretical typologies. Two methods to segment place market are equal only if expectations of population are constant. Study results allow place marketers to identify emerging shifts in the structure of beneficiaries of specific places and predict their further evolution.
Beyond Figures and Numbers Participatory Budgeting as a Leverage for Citizen Identity and Attachment to Place
Authors: Anders-Morawska Justyna , Hereźniak Marta
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the paper is to examine the potential of participatory budgeting (PB) for the formation of citizen identity and attachment to the place in terms of individual, territorial and thematic focus. In the theoretical discussion, the authors analyse the concepts of place attachment, social identity and their influence on civic participation. The authors propose a conceptual framework for the analysis of relationships between PB, place attachment, and social identity. In the case of the community development model of PB, place attachment should lead to the citizens’ increased inclination to participate. In the case of participatory democracy model of PB citizen participation can lead to a stronger place attachment. The con­ceptual framework presented in the paper requires empirical confirmation. Further research on the subject should revolve around the influence of place attachment on the formation of social identity and vice versa by application of the discussed models of PB. The placemakers should take into account literature-based evidence that advisory models of PB do not reinforce place identity. The places that apply one of the transition models should consider the evolution of their PB policies towards either community development model or participatory democracy model. By review of diverse theoretical approaches on place identity and local participation, the paper creates a solid foundation for further analysis of the relationships between the applica­tion of PB and the development of civic identity and place attachment.
Innocent III and South-eastern Europe: Orthodox, Heterodox, or Heretics?
Authors: Dall’Aglio Francesco
Published: April 2020

In the beginning of the pontificate of Innocent III (1198–1216) the necessity of creating a large coalition for a better organization of the Fourth Crusade convinced the pope to establish diplomatic relations with Bulgaria and Serbia, and to support Hungarian expansion in Bosnia. His aim was to surround Constantinople with a ring of states loyal to the Roman Church, thus forcing the empire to participate in the crusade. In order to achieve this result, Innocent was more than willing to put aside his concerns for strict religious orthodoxy and allow the existence, to a certain extent, of non-conforming practices and beliefs in the lands of South-eastern Europe. While this plan was successful at first, and both Bulgaria and Serbia recognized pontifical authority in exchange for political legitimization, the establishment of the so-called Latin empire of Constantinople in 1204 changed the picture. Its relations with Bulgaria were extremely conflicted, and the threat posed by Bulgaria to the very existence of the empire forced again Innocent III to a politics of compromise. The survival of the Latin empire was of the greatest importance, since Innocent hoped to use it as a launching point for future crusades: yet, he tried until possible to maintain a conciliatory politics towards Bulgaria as well.
Saint Methodius: Life and Canonization
Authors: Láleva Tania Dimitrova
Published: April 2020

The article discussed the time and place of the canonization of Methodius and the difference in the treatment he received in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Bulgarian Church. The study highlights the overall distinct treatment of the two brothers while tracing the changes in the attitude to Methodius as opposed to that to Cyril in the first texts written in the Slavonic alphabet, in Bulgaria. Two canons and anonymous stichera from the service on the feast day of Methodius indicate that his disciples played a significant role for establishing the cult of Methodius. In the earlier years, there was a difference – the cult of Methodius was in the process of establishment, while Cyril had already been recognized as a saint whose cult was supported by an established tradition and whose figure had been used to support the holiness of his elder brother, later born to eternal life. The study also determines the time of the beginning of the cult of Methodius in Bulgaria at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century, after the treatise On the Letters and after the translation of the Nebesa (“Heaven”) by John the Exarch in Old Bulgarian, most likely at the time of Constantine of Preslav and Clement of Ochrid.
The Anti-Bogomil Anathemas in the Synodikon of Tsar Boril and in the Discourse of Kosmas the Presbyter against the Bogomils
Authors: Totomanova Anna-Maria
Published: April 2020

During the last dеcade the history of the Synodikon of the Оrthodoxy in Medieval Bulgaria has been tackled upon from different points of view. The author of this paper provided substantial evidence proving that the Synodikon of Tsar Boril did not survive in its original form. By the end of the 14th c. the original translation was amended and edited in order to be installed in a canonical-liturgical compilation (archieratikon) that includes texts and services related to the Feast of Orthodoxy. The compilation is kept in the National Library in Palauzov’s collection No 289. Additional information about the different sources of some rubrics of the Synodikon, which do not correspond to its Greek version, was also provided. Recently we have discovered that the text, preserved in a collection of Damasckin type from the beginning of 16th c. (Drinov’s copy) represents indeed a compilation: its first part (the canonical one) contains the translation of the Palaeologan version of the Synodikon, which survived also in a triodion from the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. The second part of the compilation however coincides with the text of the Synodikon of Tsar Boril with all amendments related to the Bulgarian history – rulers, patriarchs, bishops and nobles. This “Bulgarian” part of the Synodikon includes a series of anathemas against Bogomils, that do not have Greek correspondences and generally repeat the anti-Bogomils anathemas taken from the Letter of Patriarch Kosmas in a simpler language more understandable to the faithful. This paper is tracing the connection between these anathemas and the Anti-Bogomils anathemas in the Discourse of Kosmas the Presbyter against the Bogomils.
Sergius, the Paulician Leader, in the Account by Peter of Sicily
Authors: Wolińska Teresa
Published: April 2020

Peter of Sicily, a Byzantine high official from the times of Basil I, intended to warn the Archbishop of Bulgaria against certain heretics, known as the Paulicians, as he learned during his mission to Tefrike about their plans of sending their missionaries there. His writings are regarded as the most competent source of information on the history and doctrine of the Paulicians. He also described some of their leaders, including Sergius himself. According to Peter, it was a woman with whom Sergius had had an affair who made him the devil’s tool. He accepted the name of Tychicos and passed himself off as a disciple of Paul the Apostle. For 34 years he was the leader of the Paulicians. Peter admits that Sergius was successful in winning followers and at the same time, besides making false statements, accuses him of selling Christians into slavery to barbarians and of collaboration with the Muslims. In the end, however, he was supposed to have an argument with another heresiarch, Baanes, which would lead to a break among the Paulicians. Sergius is colourfully described as an enemy of the Cross, a voice of impiety, a lover of darkness and a wolf in sheep’s clothing, who skilfully pretends to be a man of virtue but has deceived many. Although he himself was murdered in 834/835, his work was continued by disciples of his.
Rex or Imperator? Kalojan’s Royal Title in the Correspondence with Innocent III
Authors: Dall’Aglio Francesco
Published: April 2020

In the correspondence between Innocent III and Kalojan of Bulgaria (1197–1207), the title of the Bulgarian ruler is recorded both as rex and imperator. While the pope consistently employs the title rex, Kalojan refers to himself, in every occasion, with the title imperator. Some scholars have speculated that the use of this title was a deliberate political move: styling himself imperator, Kalojan was claiming a much greater political dignity than that of king of Bulgaria, putting himself on the same level as the emperor of Constantinople. On the other hand, while Innocent’s letters were obviously written in Latin, Kalojan’s letters were originally in Bulgarian, translated in Greek, and finally translated from Greek to Latin. Therefore, the use of the word imperator may be just an attempt at translating the term βασιλεύς, not in the sense of Emperor of the Romans but merely in that of autocrat, a ruler whose power was fully independent from any other external political authority. This recognition was of a fundamental importance for Kalojan, since the rulers of Bulgaria’s neighbouring states, the kingdom of Hungary, the Byzantine empire, and especially the Latin empire of Constantinople, were not willing to recognize his legitimacy as an independent sovereign.
Titus Flavius Clemens’ Stance on Wine as Expressed in Paedagogus
Authors: Dybała Jolanta , Jagusiak Krzysztof , Pawlak Michał
Published: April 2020

Titus Flavius Clemens was a philosopher and Christian theologian from the period of the 2nd–3th century. The aim of this paper is to present his view on the subject of wine and his recommendations on wine consumption as described in his work entitled Paedagogus. In this work Titus Flavius Clemens focuses primarily on the moral side of drinking wine. He is a great supporter of the ancient principle of moderation, or the golden mean (μεσότης). We also find its traces in his recommendations regarding the drinking of wine. First of all, he does not require Christians to be abstinent. Although he considers water as the best natural beverage to satisfy thirst, he does not make them reject God’s wine. The only condition he sets, however, is to maintain moderation in drinking it. He recommends diluting wine with water, as the peaceful Greeks always did, unlike the war-loving barbarians who were more prone to drunkenness. On the other hand, Titus Flavius Clemens warns the reader against excessive dilution of wine, so that it does not turn out to be pure water. He severely criticizes drunkenness, picturesquely presenting the behavior of drunks, both men and women. Wine in moderation has, in his opinion, its advantages – social, familial and individual. It makes a person better disposed to himself or herself, kinder to friends and more gentle to family members. Wine, when consumed in moderation, may also have medicinal properties. Clemens is well aware of this fact and in his work he cites several medical opinions on the subject. Unfortunately, in Paedagogus we find little information about wine as a food product / as an everyday bevarage. The input on the subject is limited to the list of exclusive, imported wines. What is worth noting, Titus Flavius Clemens appears to be a sommelier in this way.
Dynasticity in the Second Bulgarian Tsardom and its Manifestations in Medieval History Writing
Authors: Polyvyannyy Dmitry
Published: April 2020

Analyzing various medieval Bulgarian hagiographical texts, inscriptions and marginal notes, as well as the Synodicon of the Bulgarian church and other evidence, the author aims to reveal the dynastic concepts of the second Bulgarian Tsardom (1186–1396) and literary attempts to create and support a complex dynastic idea with the means of medieval Bulgarian history writing. Such attempts were connected with two core ideas. Firstly, the state’s foundation was represented as a personal merit of two Asens – father and son. Asen “the Old” adopting the throne name John marked the beginning of the Asens’ Tsardom liberating the Bulgarians from “the Greek slavery” and transferring to his stronghold Tărnovo from Sredets – the center of the Byzantine power over Bulgaria – the relics of St. John of Rila. John Asen “the Great”, his son, strengthened the Tsardom with his victories, returned the status of Patriarchy to the Bulgarian church and brought the relics of St. Parasceve to the capital Tărnovo. Secondly, the literary tradition shaped the image of the Bulgarian Tsardom as an ever-lasting Empire whose enduring attributes – Sceptre and Throne – were given by God to change the mortal monarchs.
On the Origins of Komitats in the First Bulgarian Empire
Authors: Hrissimov Nikolay
Published: April 2020

The article gives a critical review of previous views on the origin of komitats as administrative units in the Early Medieval Bulgarian State. Among the Bulgarian researchers, the opinion of their Byzantine origin prevailed, while the only Western researcher dealing with the problem, T. Wasilewski, advocated the thesis of their relationship with Western Europe, suggesting some of the conclusions of I. Venedikov. It is concluded that at the beginning of the 9th century, when Bulgaria expanded its territory almost doubled, its population is multiethnic and already has direct neighbors in the face of Byzantium and the Frankish state needed a new administrative division. The administrative division of the two countries is decided in two fundamentally different ways. In search of ways to solve the problem, the Byzantine themae system and the marks of the Frankish state are presented. Between komitats and the themae system the similarities are only formal, whereas the comparison with the marks proved to be much more efficient. In this case, similarities are found with regard to their location, their way of setting up, the powers and the way of appointing their governors, as well as the names and powers of the governors. The presence of komitats on the northern and western borders of the Early Medieval Bulgarian state was established, but not in the direction of Constantinople. These parts are directly subordinate to the central government, and this division of ‘inside’ and ‘out’ is characteristic of both early-medieval Bulgaria and the Frankish state of that period. It is pointed out the possibility that the Boritarkans are an intermediary between the central authority and the komitats, and on the basis of the source data the possibility is presented that they are directly subordinated to the komiti.
Emperor Basil II and the Awarding of Byzantine Honorific Titles to Bulgarians in the Course of the Conquest of Bulgaria (976–1018)
Authors: Kanev Nikolay
Published: April 2020

This article examines the question about the policy of honouring members of the Bulgarian imperial family and Bulgarian aristocracy with Byzantine honorific titles pursued by Emperor Basil II Boulgaroktonos (976–1025) in the course of the conquest of Bulgaria. It outlines the scale of this policy of Basil II – its goals and the reasons for adopting it. A review of the place and the importance of the particular titles in the rank hierarchy of Byzantium is presented. The comparison with other regions and cases of conferring Byzantine honorific titles clearly shows how crucially important the conquest of Bulgaria was: it is evident from the concessions the Emperor was ready to make to the Bulgarian ruling elite.
Continuity between Early Paulicianism and the Seventeenth-Century Bulgarian Paulicians: the Paulician Legend of Rome and the Ritual of the Baptism by Fire
Authors: Saldzhiev Hristo
Published: April 2020

During the Middle Ages two dualistic communities were active in Bulgaria and Bulgarian lands – Bogomils and Paulicians. Paulicians, unlike Bogomils, survived as a separate religious sect up to the 17th century, when most of them gradually accepted Catholicism. The detailed reports of Catholic missionaries, priests and bishops shed light on different aspects of their beliefs and practices from the 17th century. The aim of the present article is to propose an explanation of a strange ritual and a legend spread among the Bulgarian Paulicians and recorded in the above-mentioned reports. The thesis of the article is that the legend and the ritual in question refer to the early history of Paulicianism. The ritual is related to syncretic religious notions and goes beyond the scope of dualism. I try to examine the legend and ritual in the context of Paulician history in the Balkans, especially in the context of Paulician belief system, inherited from the early Anatolian Paulicians.
Foreword: NIMHD Transdisciplinary Collaborative Centers for Health Disparities Research Focused on Precision Medicine
Authors: Rajapakse Nishadi , Sayre Michael H. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J.
Published: April 2020

The NIMHD Transdisciplinary Collaborative Centers for Health Disparities Research Focused on Precision Medicine (PM TCCs) comprise regional coalitions of research institutions and consortium partners focused on priority research topics in minority health and health disparities. In April 2016, NIMHD in partnership with the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) launched the PM TCC program to fund five centers across the United States to stimulate health disparities research with an emphasis on precision medicine to address one or more documented health disparities, combining expertise in genomics and other ‘omics, physiology and medicine, population health disparities, behavioral and social sciences, and the science of translation, implementation and dissemination. The TCC program's overarching goal is to develop and disseminate effective interventions that can be implemented in real-world settings with the goal of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities. This special issue of Ethnicity & Disease is dedicated to cutting-edge research conducted by the five PM TCCs at the intersection between precision medicine and health disparities. Articles in this issue will enhance knowledge in a variety of research topics from perspectives on precision medicine among different health disparity populations to methods for reducing inequities in protocols, interventions, and health information and further to efforts to promote inclusion to all populations, especially the most vulnerable.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):135-136; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.135.
Toward Reducing Health Information Inequities in the Caribbean: Our Experience Building a Participatory Health Informatics Project
Authors: Wang Karen , Hambleton Ian , Linnander Erika , Marenco Luis , Hassan Saria , Kumara Mahima , Fredericks Lyna E. , Harrigan Saida , Hassell, II Trevor , Brandt Cynthia , Nunez-Smith Marcella
Published: April 2020

Precision medicine seeks to leverage technology to improve the health for all individuals. Successful health information systems rely fundamentally on the integra­tion and sharing of data from a range of disparate sources. In many settings, basic infrastructure inequities exist that limit the usefulness of health information systems. We discuss the work of the Yale Transdis­ciplinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities focused on Precision Medicine, which aims to improve the health of people in the Caribbean and Caribbean diaspora by leveraging precision medicine approaches. We describe a participatory informatics ap­proach to sharing data as a potential mecha­nism to reducing inequities in the existing data infrastructure.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):193-202; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.193
Developing a “Tailor-Made” Precision Lifestyle Medicine Intervention for Weight Control among Middle-aged Latino Men
Authors: Griffith Derek M. , Jaeger Emily C. , Valdez Luis A. , Solle Natasha Schaefer , Garcia David O. , Alexander Leah R.
Published: April 2020

Objective: To identify what is important to middle-aged Latino men and their personal goals and values as foundations for a future precision lifestyle medicine intervention that is rooted in Self-Determination Theory.Design: We used a phenomenological, thematic approach to analyze data from 20 semi-structured, individual interviews with Latino men aged 35-60 years.Setting: Community-based settings between November 2017 and May 2018 in South Florida.Participants: Latino or Hispanic men who were aged 35-60 years. The mean age of the men was 49.8 years.Results: Two key themes emerged: a) the characteristics that these men say define what it means to be a man; and b) the characteristics that these men say define what is important to them. “What defines a man” includes three primary subthemes: a) the attributes, characteristics and behaviors that participants understood to be ideals that a man should embody and the roles he should fulfill; b) lessons learned growing up about what it means to be a man; and c) how Latino men relate to the ideal of machismo. “What defines me” includes the subthemes: a) comparing themselves with the ideal of machismo; b) caring for family and others; and c) supporting and modeling positive behavior for their children.Conclusions: We found key candidate mechanisms that may be novel yet critical foundations on which to build a precision lifestyle medicine intervention for Latino men. We identified actionable psycho­social factors that map onto motivational constructs that can shape behaviors that are essential for weight control and be a useful foundation for improving the health of middle-aged Latino men. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):203-210; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.203
A Protocol for the Study of Polymorphisms and Response to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Trinidad
Authors: Clement Yuri , Singh Shamjeet , Motilal Shastri , Maharaj Rohan , Nunez-Smith Marcella
Published: April 2020

Background: Metformin is the drug of first choice in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Most patients respond to metformin monotherapy, but many others remain uncontrolled even at maximal doses. Although non-adherence is a major con­tributor to non-response, genetic polymor­phisms of organic cation transporters play an important role in clinical response. We hypothesize that genetic variants are partly responsible for non-response.Objective: This study aims to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ATM rs11212617, SLC22A1 rs594709 and SLC47A1 rs2289669) most commonly asso­ciated with failure to respond to metformin.Setting: Ten primary health care facilities in the North Central Regional Health Authority region of Trinidad.Patients: The study population will include 216 patients with diabetes adherent to metformin monotherapy for at least three months.Methods: Following a 12-hour overnight fast, blood samples will be taken to measure fasting insulin and HbA1c. DNA would be isolated and PCR will be used to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of these three SNPs in adherent diabetic patients. DNA samples will be stored for future se­quencing of these three genes to determine whether other, possibly novel, mutations are associated with poor metformin response in Trinidad.Clinical Significance: This study will high­light the prevalence of these polymorphisms in our population. Should an association be found between the polymorphisms tested and glycemic control in adherent patients on metformin monotherapy, this will have implications for further research on medica­tion initiation in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes in Trinidad.Ethn Dis. 2020; 30(Suppl 1):211-216; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.211
Design and Implementation of a Low Power Wind Turbine Emulator Through the Induction Motor-Permanent Magnet Generator Arrangement
Authors: Bajonero-Sandoval David Felipe , Sanabria-Vargas Jeyson , Trujillo-Rodriguez César Leonardo
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the design and construction stage of a low power wind turbine emulator, which is used at the laboratory level, to reproduce different wind profiles. There are several types of wind emulators, among which the wind tunnel emulators stand out. These emulators use a motor with a propeller on their axis to obtain the desired wind speed. However, in the present work -and done from a computer- speed control is developed for a three-phase induction motor, thus driving a permanent magnet generator. The motor-generator group is controlled through a program developed in the Labview software. Also, it has the particularity of operating automatically, being able to load different speed data. Such data is associated with a particular power that takes into account the selected wind profile and can operate through manual control of the wind speed. However, this depends on the frequency given. The emulator operation is validated experimentally through two scenarios: the first one emulates the curve presented by the Eolos turbine and subsequently compares the results obtained, whereas the second one loads the wind profile of Uribía-Guajira -a region in Colombia-  achieving that the emulated wind profile can be accurately seen in the loaded wind profile.
Cidades e territórios sustentáveis, paisagens culturais e desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Argollo Ferrão André Munhoz de
Published: April 2020

Numa região cujo espaço não-urbano obedece a princípios consagrados da boa gestão ecológica, patrimônio e paisagem constituem valores culturais e ambientais que se integram sistemicamente. Os limites territoriais administrativos coincidem com o das bacias hidrográficas que conformam a região. Agrupamentos urbanos sustentáveis vinculam-se às paisagens culturais que se destacam no território correspondente. Paisagem e arquitetura rural dissecadas pelo Método de Pesquisa Orientada a Processos — Método POP — constituem o universo de uma cidade sustentável, ou “ecocidade”. A integração sistêmica de todos esses elementos leva ao ordenamento territorial baseado na conexão patrimônio-paisagem cultural, a partir de empreendimentos ecologicamente corretos e economicamente adequados. Daí a necessidade de se compreender o território a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica e transdisciplinar que permita a conexão patrimônio-paisagem cultural.