bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic psychological capital: Implications for organizational crises
Authors: Welsh Dianne H. B. , Avey James B. , Mhatre Ketan H. , Tullar William L.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of academic psychological capital (PsyCap) in buffering the negative impact of organizational crises (COVID‐19 pandemic) on educational outcomes in higher education institutions. Drawing on positive organizational behavior theory and crisis management literature, we hypothesize that students with higher levels of academic PsyCap will have significantly higher retention and graduation rates during the crisis, and that academic PsyCap is a better predictor of these outcomes than traditional predictors such as high school GPA and standardized test scores (Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)). Using a longitudinal approach, we found that academic PsyCap is positively related to 1‐year retention and graduation rates. Academic PsyCap also explains additional variance in these outcomes beyond high school GPA. The findings highlight the importance of cultivating psychological resources like hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism to promote student success and well‐being during challenging times.
Boosting Covalent Organic Framework Luminescence by Suppressing Nonradiative Pathways†
Authors: Liu Minghao , Cheng Yuan‐Zhe , Fu Yubin , Bi Shuai , Ding Xuesong , Han Bao‐Hang , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The construction of luminescent two‐dimensional (2D) imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is a formidable challenge due to the strong interlayer stacking and bond rotations that typically suppress intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), leading to nonradiative energy dissipation. Herein, three COFs with tailored interlayer distances and bond rotations are designed to modulate the ICT behaviours. The targeted COF (TPAZ‐TPE‐COF) achieved a significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 21.22% in the solid state by restricting bond rotation and enlarging the layer distance. This represents a 3.5‐fold and 530.5‐fold improvement over TPAZ‐PYTA‐COF (6.15%), which has a shortened interlayer space, and TPAZ‐PATA‐COF (0.04%), which exhibits strong bond rotations, respectively. Importantly, TPAZ‐TPE‐COF also exhibits exceptional sensing performance for iron ions, with a detection limit at the ppb level. Both experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the prominent luminescent performance of TPAZ‐TPE‐COF is assigned to the effective suppression of nonradiative pathways, especially those arising from interlayer stacking and bond vibrations. These findings pave the way for deliberate construction of imine‐linked 2D COFs with high PL intensity, thereby expanding the portfolio of luminescent COFs with potential applications in sensing and optoelectronics.
Model‐Informed Once‐Daily Dosing Strategy for Bedaquiline and Delamanid in Children, Adolescents and Adults with Tuberculosis
Authors: Lin Yu‐Jou , van der Laan Louvina E. , Karlsson Mats O. , Garcia‐Prats Anthony J. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Svensson Elin M.
Published: December 2024

The complexity of the currently registered dosing schedules for bedaquiline and delamanid is a barrier to uptake in drug‐resistant tuberculosis treatment across all ages. A simpler once‐daily dosing schedule is critical to ensure patient‐friendly regimens with good adherence. We assessed expected drug exposures with proposed once‐daily doses for adults and compared novel model‐informed once‐daily dosing strategies for children with current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended dosing. A reference individual and virtual pediatric population were generated to simulate exposures in adults and children, respectively. Published population models characterizing the exposures of bedaquiline and its metabolite M2, delamanid, and its metabolite DM‐6705 were utilized. During simulation, child growth during treatment along with several CYP3A4 ontogeny profiles was accounted for. Exposures in children were compared with simulated adult targets to assess the expected treatment efficacy and safety. In adults, the proposed bedaquiline once‐daily dosing (400 mg daily for 2 weeks followed by 100 mg daily for 22 weeks) yielded 14% higher exposures of bedaquiline and M2 compared to the labeled dosing scheme at 24 weeks; for delamanid and DM‐6705, the suggested 300 mg daily dose provided 13% lower exposures at steady state. For children, the cumulative proportions of exposures of both drugs showed < 5% difference between WHO‐recommended and proposed once‐daily dosing. This study demonstrated the use of model‐informed approaches to propose rational and simpler regimens for bedaquiline and delamanid in adults and children. The new once‐daily dosing strategies will be tested in the PARADIGM4TB and IMPAACT 2020 trials in adults and children, respectively.
Predictive analytics of selections of russet potatoes
Authors: Ferracina Fabiana , Krishnamoorthy Bala , Halappanavar Mahantesh , Hu Shengwei , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar
Published: December 2024

We explore the application of machine learning algorithms specifically to enhance the selection process of Russet potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones in breeding trials by predicting their suitability for advancement. This study addresses the challenge of efficiently identifying high‐yield, disease‐resistant, and climate‐resilient potato varieties that meet processing industry standards. Leveraging manually collected data from trials in the state of Oregon, we investigate the potential of a wide variety of state‐of‐the‐art binary classification models. The dataset includes 1086 clones, with data on 38 attributes recorded for each clone, focusing on yield, size, appearance, and frying characteristics, with several control varieties planted consistently across four Oregon regions from 2013 to 2021. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dataset that includes preprocessing, feature engineering, and imputation to address missing values. We focus on several key metrics such as accuracy, F1‐score, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) for model evaluation. The top‐performing models, namely a feedforward neural network classifier (Neural Net), a histogram‐based gradient boosting classifier (HGBC), and a support vector machine classifier (SVM), demonstrate consistent and significant results. To further validate our findings, we conducted a simulation study using the aims, data‐generating mechanisms, estimands, methods, and performance measures (ADEMP) framework, simulating different data‐generating scenarios to assess model robustness and performance through true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative distributions, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC) and MCC. The simulation results highlight that non‐linear models like SVM and HGBC consistently show higher AUC‐ROC and MCC than logistic regression, thus outperforming the traditional linear model across various distributions, and emphasizing the importance of model selection and tuning in agricultural trials. Variable selection further enhances model performance and identifies influential features in predicting trial outcomes. The findings emphasize the potential of machine learning in streamlining the selection process for potato varieties, offering benefits such as increased efficiency, substantial cost savings, and judicious resource utilization. Our study contributes insights into precision agriculture and showcases the relevance of advanced technologies for informed decision‐making in breeding programs.
Performance and recovery of turfgrasses irrigated with varying crop coefficients
Authors: Sevostianova Elena , VanLeeuwen Dawn , Serena Matteo , Sallenave Rossana , Leinauer Bernd
Published: December 2024

Deficit irrigation is a water conserving practice that involves watering below an estimated evapotranspiration (ET) replacement level. Research is limited to comparing cool‐season (CS) and warm‐season (WS) turfgrass varieties grown in arid regions under varying deficit irrigation replacement levels. This study investigated the effects of five levels of reference evapotranspiration for short grass (ETOS) replacement (55%, 70%, 85%, 100%, and 115%) on the performance and fall recovery of several turfgrasses in the southwestern United States. Three years of field research evaluated green cover and visual quality of three CS Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (four cultivars), tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)] (three cultivars), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (three cultivars), and two WS turfgrasses bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) (three cultivars) and buffalograss Buchloe dactyloides (two cultivars). CS grasses required higher ETOS replacement than WS grasses to maintain acceptable quality (1–9, ≥6 = minimum acceptable) and coverage. Among CS grasses, Barserati Kentucky bluegrass maintained the best quality and green cover under deficit irrigation and demonstrated the most consistent ability to recover. Notably, bermudagrass performed well under deficit irrigation, maintaining acceptable visual quality and better green cover than CS species like Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue at lower irrigation levels. Overall, there were significant differences among cultivars, demonstrating the importance of the selection process in drought tolerance. These findings support the promotion of drought‐resistant WS grasses to conserve water in arid regions without compromising turfgrass functionality. Future research should focus on variable and seasonal ETOS for irrigation of turfgrasses and estimating irrigation requirements.
High plant density optimizes leaf stomatal traits for accelerating the stomatal response rate at the lower cotton canopy
Authors: Li Xilin , Li Xiaoming , Zhang Tong , Xue Xiaofei , Dai Yunjing , Lei Zhangying , He Daohua
Published: December 2024

Plants are often exposed to fluctuating light from a few seconds to a few minutes due to cloud movements, mutual shading of leaves, and change in the angle of the sun. Slow stomatal response to fluctuating light leads to carbon loss, but the influence of planting density on light fluctuation frequency and on stomatal response and carbon gain has yet to be fully explored. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated leaf morphology, stomatal anatomy and response rate, nitrogen content, biomass, and yield under low density, moderate density, and high density (HD) of cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The results showed that higher planting density significantly increased light fluctuation frequency at the lower canopy. Stomatal size significantly decreased with the increase in planting density, while total stomatal density was consistent. Stomatal density had greater plasticity of determining maximum stomatal conductance than stomatal size. Faster stomatal response rate to fluctuating light under HD was attributed to smaller and denser stomata in the abaxial leaf side. Therefore, cotton under HD treatment had faster photosynthetic induction rate under light induction, resulting in greater carbon gain. We conclude that faster stomatal response rate achieved by the optimization of stomatal anatomy, especially the abaxial side, plays a crucial role in obtaining more carbon gain, biomass, and yield under HD cotton field. This finding indicates that selecting varieties with rapid stomatal response traits and planting at appropriate densities may optimize fluctuating light use to achieve higher yields.
The antiarthritic effect of CBR‐470‐1 in hypoxic environment is to increase the level of NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 ubiquitination by decreasing phosphoglycerate kinase 1 activity
Authors: Duan Ao , Ma Zemeng , Shao Xiaolong , Xiong Zhencheng , Zhang Chaoyi , Liu Wenzheng , Wang Guanglin , Hu Shouye , Lin Wei
Published: December 2024

Background

Hypoxia can affect the occurrence and development of inflammation in humans, but its effects on the disease progression of osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. Synovial macrophages play an essential role in the progression of arthritis. Specifically, the activation of the NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in macrophages induces the secretion of a series of inflammatory factors, accelerating the progression of OA.

Methods

The effects of CBR‐470‐1 were assessed in a mouse model of OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) by micro‐computed tomography imaging, Safranin‐O and Fast Green staining, immunofluorescence staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Western Blot analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of these experimental results. Additionally, a co‐culture system of THP‐1 and chondrocytes was established to investigate the impact of CBR‐470‐1 on chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, migration and the regulation of chondrocyte‐related proteins within the system.

Results

In hypoxic conditions, CBR‐470‐1 significantly inhibited the progression of OA in the DMM‐induced OA mouse model, but that effect disappeared in the DMM‐induced OA phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1)fl/flLyz2‐Cre mouse model. Not only that, CBR‐470‐1 can also improve the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes, reduce the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes, and regulate the expression of chondrocyte‐related proteins in the co‐culture system of THP‐1 and chondrocytes.

Conclusions

This study conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, revealing that hypoxia plays a pro‐inflammatory role by increasing PGK1 activity and reducing the binding of the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 14 to NLRP3, thereby reducing the ubiquitination level of NLRP3. CBR‐470‐1, a specific inhibitor of PGK1, can reduce PGK1 activity to reverse the role of hypoxia in the progression of OA. These findings lay a foundation for the development of OA treatment in a hypoxic environment.

Key points

Hypoxia plays a pro‐inflammatory role by increasing PGK1 activity and thereby decreasing the ubiquitination level of NLRP3.

Hypoxia plays a pro‐inflammatory role by increasing PGK1 activity, reducing the binding of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14 to NLRP3, and reducing the ubiquitination level of NLRP3.

CBR‐470‐1 reverses the role of hypoxia in the progression of osteoarthritis.
Revealing the heterogeneity of treatment resistance in less‐defined subtype diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients by integrating programmed cell death patterns and liquid biopsy
Authors: Hua Wei , Liu Jie , Li Yue , Yin Hua , Shen Hao‐Rui , Wu Jia‐Zhu , Kong Yi‐Lin , Pan Bi‐Hui , Liang Jun‐Heng , Wang Li , Li Jian‐Yong , Gao Rui , Liang Jin‐Hua , Xu Wei
Published: December 2024

Precision medicine in less‐defined subtype diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are crucial in the advancement of lymphoma and serve as significant prognostic markers for individuals afflicted with lymphoid cancers. To identify robust prognostic biomarkers that can guide personalized management for less‐defined subtype DLBCL patients, we integrated multi‐omics data derived from 339 standard R‐CHOP‐treated patients diagnosed with less‐defined subtype DLBCL from three independent cohorts. By employing various machine learning algorithms, we pinpointed eight pivotal genes linked to PCD, specifically FLT3, SORL1, CD8A, BCL2L1, COL13A1, MPG, DYRK2 and CAMK2B. Following this, we established a Programmed Cell Death Index (PCDI) utilizing the aforementioned genes and amalgamated it with pertinent clinical characteristics to formulate a predictive nomogram model for prognosis. We observed a significant correlation between the PCDI, pre‐treatment circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) burden, minimal residual disease (MRD) status and immune features. Furthermore, our research indicated that patients with elevated PCDI scores could potentially show resistance to conventional chemotherapy treatments, yet they might derive an advantage from alternative inhibitors targeting specific signalling pathways. Conclusively, leveraging these results, we have created an online analytical tool (https://xulymphoma.shinyapps.io/PCDI_pred/) designed for the prognostic prediction of patients with less‐defined subtype DLBCL. This tool facilitates the forecasting of outcomes for these patients, enhancing the precision of their clinical management.

Key points

Developing the Programmed Cell Death Index (PCDI) utilizing multiple machine learning algorithms for patients with less‐defined subtype diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.

The difference in clinical characteristics, circulating tumour DNA burden and immune profiling between patients with distinct PCDI groups.

A potentially effective regimen was speculated for patients with high PCDI scores who tend to exhibit worse progression‐free survival.
Hybrid CNN‐GNN Framework for Enhanced Optimization and Performance Analysis of Frequency‐Selective Surface Antennas
Authors: Palanisamy SatheeshKumar , Karunanithi Sathya , Periyasamy Baskaran , Samidurai Srithar , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan
Published: December 2024

Frequency‐selective surface (FSS) antennas are critical in modern communication systems, where optimizing their design for enhanced performance is essential. However, traditional methods often struggle with the complexity of FSS structures, leading to suboptimal designs. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing a novel CNN‐GNN hybrid network (CGHN) framework for FSS antenna optimization. The proposed methodology integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for efficient feature extraction of spatial patterns within FSS designs and graph neural networks (GNNs) to model the relational dependencies between unit cells. This approach ensures that both local features and global interactions are captured, leading to more accurate and optimized antenna designs. The objective is to enhance the performance of FSS antennas by leveraging the complementary strengths of CNNs and GNNs, with an emphasis on improving design accuracy and efficiency. The novelty lies in the combination of CNN's localized pattern recognition with GNN's relational learning, which together enable a comprehensive understanding of the antenna's behavior. The proposed CGHN framework achieves a 96.78% accuracy rate in predicting optimal FSS designs, with a 23.84% boost in performance due to CNN‐driven feature extraction. Additionally, implementing stochastic gradient descent with gradient clipping increased the F1 score by 15%. Compared with existing techniques, the proposed method demonstrates significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency, making it a superior choice for FSS antenna design optimization.
Reliable Data Delivery and Load Balancing in Improved Energy Efficient RPL Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks
Authors: Dinesh P. S. , Palanisamy C.
Published: December 2024

The energy‐constrained nodes and tree‐like topology of Low‐Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) frequently result in serious problems when energy bottlenecks occur. This occurrence affects the network performance in terms of node failure, lower connectivity, and higher energy consumption. This paper proposes a novel solution to these problems by integrating an Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol (EM‐RPL) with a Load‐Based Energy Efficient RPL (LBEE‐RPL) protocol. To address energy bottlenecks, the proposed EM‐RPL protocol initiates the crucial mechanisms as subnode switching mechanism and an improved Trickle timer. The network's energy load is balanced by the subnode switching mechanism, which redistributes traffic away from overloaded nodes. The enhanced Trickle timer guarantees prompt identification and response to energy shortage conditions. This method enhances overall network performance while addressing the issue of data imbalance in energy consumption. An extensive simulation shows the proposed EM‐RPL significantly increases network lifetime and energy efficiency. Specifically, integrating these protocols leads to a notable reduction in power consumption and a rise in the network's operational lifespan. The important problem of energy management in LLNs is effectively resolved by this work, which offers improved performance and sustainability for a range of Internet of Things (IoT) and related fields applications.
Metal‐Free Direct Synthesis of Secondary Amides and Nitriles Using O‐(2‐Pyrimidinyl)‐N‐Boc Hydroxylamine
Authors: Divedi Ashirwad , Verma Saumya , Chandra Dinesh , Bhargav Shivam , Verma Ved Prakash , Jat Jawahar L.
Published: December 2024

A novel hydroxylamine‐derived aminating agent, O‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)‐N‐Boc hydroxylamine (PymONHBoc), has been designed and synthesized, from readily available 2‐chloropyrimidine. This reagent demonstrates superior shelf stability and ease of handling compared to other hydroxylamine‐derived reagents. Here, we present a metal‐free method for the direct conversion of ketones and aldehydes into sec‐amides and nitriles using PymONHBoc as the aminating agent. This method efficiently converts a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds into the corresponding amides and nitriles with good to excellent yields under ambient conditions. The use of PymONHBoc is advantageous, as it facilitates the in situ generation of the activated oxime intermediate, concomitantly producing a non‐interfering byproduct.
Cs2CO3‐I2 Promoted Efficient Synthesis of Flavones and Flavanones: Total Synthesis of Narengenin and Apigenin
Authors: Arjun Chavan Kailas , Erande Rohan D.
Published: December 2024

Flavonoids are an important class of naturally existing scaffolds known for their diverse biological activities and have been immensely synthesized using stoichiometric reagent amounts. Herein, we report a reliable, robust, one‐pot, transition metal and additive‐free protocol for the synthesis of flavones and flavanones from 2‐hydroxyacetophenone and substituted aldehydes. Our developed method utilizes Cs2CO3 as a base and iodine as an oxidant in H2O: DMSO (9 : 1) solvent system, which provides direct access to many flavones and flavanones in excellent yields under milder reaction conditions with simple yet easily available substrates. In application, naturally occurring compounds such as naringenin and apigenin have been successfully synthesized using developed protocol.
Exploring the impact of perioperative analgesia on postoperative chronic analgesic prescriptions in patients with lung cancer undergoing minimally invasive thoracic surgery: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Yabuki Shizuha , Kaiho Yu , Tarasawa Kunio , Ikumi Saori , Iwasaki Yudai , Imaizumi Takahiro , Fujimori Kenji , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yamauchi Masanori
Published: December 2024

Background

Lung cancer surgery is associated with a high incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), which necessitates long‐term analgesic prescriptions. However, while essential for managing pain, these have shown various adverse effects. Current guidelines recommend using peripheral nerve blocks over epidural anaesthesia for perioperative analgesia in minimally invasive thoracic surgery (MITS). However, the impact of perioperative analgesia on chronic analgesic prescriptions remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated chronic analgesic prescription patterns following MITS in patients with lung cancer who received either perioperative epidural anaesthesia or nerve block.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. Data were extracted from patients with primary lung cancer who underwent MITS between April 2018 and March 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the perioperative analgesia they received: the epidural anaesthesia group and the nerve block group. We compared the proportion of analgesic prescriptions 3–6 months postoperatively between both groups using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the covariates between the two groups.

Results

Among the 38,719 eligible patients, 4513 (11.6%) were prescribed postoperative analgesics. We found no significant difference in the proportion of analgesic prescriptions between the epidural anaesthesia and nerve block groups (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.01).

Conclusions

This nationwide retrospective study suggests that the choice between perioperative epidural anaesthesia or nerve block in patients with lung cancer undergoing MITS does not influence the proportion of postoperative chronic analgesic prescriptions.
Influence of Different Taste Feed Additives on Feed Intake and Growth Performance in Growing Goats
Authors: Naveen P. , Kour Harneet , Malik Raman , Naliyapara Hardik , Gabbur Anil , Rana Parul , Goyal Amandeep
Published: December 2024

The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of different taste feed additives on feed intake and growth performance in Alpine × Beetal growing goats. For this, a 90‐day growth trial was conducted on 36 growing goats of 3–4 months age which were divided into six groups of six animals each. Animals in all groups were fed individually to meet the requirement for both maintenance and growth as per ICAR 2013. Individual taste feed additives were added in their concentrate mixture of total mixed ration (TMR) as food‐grade sucrose (sweet) at the rate of 75 g/kg DM (SWE), NaCl (salt) at the rate of 15 g/kg DM (SAL), food‐grade citric acid (sour) at the rate of 10 g/kg DM (SOU), urea (bitter) at the rate of 5 g/kg DM (BIT) and food‐grade monosodium glutamate (umami) at the rate of 10 g/kg DM (UMA). The study revealed significantly higher (p < 0.01) average dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/day) in SWE (0.541 ± 0.034) and SAL (0.560 ± 0.041) groups compared to CON (0.476 ± 0.039). Average daily body weight gain (g/d/animal) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in sweet and salt taste‐supplemented groups compared to control. Body measurements including heart girth, withers height, body length and hip height were similar among six treatments. Feed conversion efficiency (kg live weight gain/100 kg DMI) and feed conversion ratio (kg DMI/kg live weight gain) were unaffected due to taste supplementation. While supplementation of sweet taste increased the digestibility of NDF and ADF, sweet‐ and salt‐supplemented groups increased DCP as well as TDN intake. It was concluded that addition of sweet and salt taste in TMR had a positive impact on feed intake and growth performance in growing goats.
A Naturalistic Examination of the Acute Effects of High‐Potency Cannabis on Emotion Regulation Among Young Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cavalli Jessica M. , Cuttler Carrie , Cservenka Anita
Published: December 2024

Objective

Despite the popular public perception that cannabis use may be beneficial for relieving mental health symptoms, the empirical evidence remains equivocal. Various legal hurdles limit the ability to research whether acute high‐potency cannabis use affects mental health‐related processes. Therefore, the current study used a novel methodology to examine the acute effects of high‐potency cannabis flower on emotion regulation.

Methods

Using a remote, within‐subjects study design, 12 young adult (ages 21–30) cannabis users (who used cannabis at least 1 day/week on average across the past year) completed measures of emotion regulation while sober and acutely intoxicated in a counterbalanced manner. Participants completed the Emotional Go/No‐Go Task to measure implicit emotion regulation and a cognitive reappraisal task to assess explicit emotion regulation. For the intoxication condition, participants were observed smoking cannabis flower in their homes via videoconferencing.

Results

Participants reported a more positive mood and decreases in anxiety while intoxicated. There was no evidence that acute high‐potency cannabis affected participants' implicit or explicit emotion regulation task performance.

Conclusions

Future research with larger samples might consider adopting this novel remote study design to assess the acute effects of high‐potency cannabis use on different measures of emotion regulation and other health outcomes.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of 9‐valent human papillomavirus vaccine combined with screening for cervical cancer in Japan
Authors: Takamoto Naohiro , Aso Shotaro , Ishida Risa , Konishi Takaaki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: December 2024

Objective

In Japan, the current coverage rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is only 30%, and the rate of biennial cervical screening is 40%. The Japanese Government has attempted to increase the coverage of HPV vaccination and cervical screening. We analyzed the cost‐effectiveness of the 9‐valent HPV vaccine and cervical screening in Japan.

Methods

A yearly cycle Markov model with 15 health states was created to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the 9‐valent HPV vaccination and cervical screening in women aged 12–75 years. We considered four scenarios: 30% coverage of vaccination with 40% coverage of biennial screening (Scenario 1 representing the current Japanese situation), 70% (the highest proportion in 2013 in Japan) and 90% coverage of vaccination with 40% coverage of biennial screening (Scenarios 2 and 3, respectively), and 90% coverage of vaccination with 70% coverage of biennial screening (Scenarios 4). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated as costs per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) based on the perspective of the healthcare payer and compared with the benchmark for willingness to pay in Japan (41 700 USD per QALY). The cumulative morbidity and mortality in each scenario were analyzed using the Markov model.

Results

Compared with Scenario 1, the ICERs of Scenarios 2, 3, and 4 were 5382, 5321, and 8524 USD/QALY, respectively, which were lower than the benchmark for willingness to pay. As the coverage of HPV vaccination and cervical screening increased, the cumulative morbidity and mortality decreased.

Conclusion

Increasing the coverage of the 9‐valent HPV vaccination and cervical screening is cost‐effective in Japan.
What is the origin of the normal ranges of blood cell counts? An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Zala Manon , Alcazer Vincent , Largeaud Laetitia , Sujobert Pierre
Published: December 2024

Background

The normal values of the complete blood count are part of the foundational medical knowledge that is seldom questioned due to their well‐established nature. These normal values are critical for optimal physiological function while minimizing the harmful consequences of an excessive number of blood cells. Thus, they represent an evolutionary trade‐off likely shaped by natural selection if they significantly influence individual fitness and exhibit heritability.

Methods

On the basis of the analysis of normal blood count values of 94 mammalian species, we discovered that certain parameters are strongly associated with diet, habitat, and lifespan.

Results

Carnivorous mammals had higher hemoglobin levels than vegetarians, and aquatic mammals displayed red blood cell parameters probably selected to enhance for the diving capacities. Body weight influenced platelet counts and innate immune cells, with lighter animals having higher platelet counts and larger animals showing elevated monocytes and neutrophils.

Conclusions

By treating the history of life as an experiment, we have discerned some evolutionary constraints likely contributing to the selection for optimal trade‐offs in blood cell count.
Central nervous system posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation successfully treated with combination therapy of acalabrutinib and immunochemotherapy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zheng Peihao , Xu Teng , Zuo Xiaona , Ke Xiaoyan , Hu Kai
Published: December 2024

Here, we report a case of Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive central nervous system‐post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS‐PTLD) patient who failed to achieve complete metabolic remission (CMR) after successively trying a methotrexate‐based regimen combined with orelabrutinib or whole‐brain radiotherapy and encountered intracranial hemorrhage during orelabrutinib treatment. Ultimately, the patient achieved CMR after one cycle of acalabrutinib in combination with temozolomide, teniposide, liposomal doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and rituximab (TEDDi‐R). Following another cycle of TEDDi‐R treatment, he has been receiving acalabrutinib maintenance up to now and remained in CMR. The case may provide an effective treatment option for CNS‐PTLD patients in clinical practice.
Potential Evolutionary Convergence in Trophic Adaptations of Two Booidean Snake Lineages as Evidenced by Skull Morphology
Authors: Seneci Lorenzo , Hall Alexander S. , Glaw Frank , Scherz Mark D.
Published: December 2024

Booidean snakes are a diverse and widespread lineage with an intriguing evolutionary and biogeographic history. By means of cranial morphology and osteology, this study investigates the evolutionary convergence in the Neotropical genera Boa and Corallus on the one hand and the Malagasy clade comprising Acrantophis and Sanzinia on the other. We hypothesize that the mostly arboreal Corallus and Sanzinia present larger jaws and longer teeth to keep hold of the prey and resist gravity and torsional forces acting on their skull while hanging from branches, while terrestrial genera such as Acrantophis show thinner jaws with shorter teeth because they can rely on the full length of their coils to immobilize and constrict the prey together with a substrate that supports the whole of their body. Overall, we highlight how booidean snakes can serve as intriguing subjects for the study of contingency, determinism, and opportunity in the evolution of distant lineages both phylogenetically and geographically. We also provide the first complete description of the skull of Boa constrictor.
A Dark Horse: Colonial System of Integration in Ctenostome Bryozoans (Gymnolaemata: Ctenostomata)
Authors: Shunatova Natalia , Zhidkov Maxim
Published: December 2024

The colonial system of integration (CSI) provides intracolonial nutrient supply in many gymnolaemate bryozoans. In Ctenostomata, its presence is known for species with stolonal colonies, for example, vesicularioideans, but its structure is almost unexplored. The CSI is thought to be absent in alcyonidioideans and other ctenostomes. Here, we present the first detailed description of the CSI ultrastructure in both autozooids and kenozooids of two vesicularioideans, Buskia nitens and Amathia gracilis, and two alcyonidioideans, Alcyonidium hirsutum and Flustrellidra hispida. We revealed differences in the endocyst structure: in studied alcyonioidioideans, it comprises the epidermis, extracellular matrix and coelomic lining, while in the studied vesicularioideans, it includes only the epidermis. In vesicularioidean autozooids, the main CSI cord and the most distal part of the muscular funiculus originate together as a single structure near the caecum apex. However, at a short distance basally, they separate and run to different sites: the main CSI cord reaches the communication pore, and the muscular funiculus attaches to the cystid wall in the proximal part of the autozooids. The CSI in alcyonidioidean autozooids includes a central part, comprising several strands running from the caecum and pylorus to the cystid walls, and a peripheral part, which is located between the epidermis and peritoneum of the cystid walls and reaches the communication pores. The autozooidal CSI in the studied alcyonidioids never reaches kenozooidal communication pores. Nevertheless, the CSI is present in kenozooids of F. hispida; its structure corresponds to that of the peripheral part of the CSI in autozooids. These findings suggest that the CSI likely originated rather early in bryozoan evolution, and its putative initial function is nutrient transport to budding sites and zooids undergoing degeneration‐regeneration cycle.
Comparison of Marker‐Based RSA and CT‐RSA for Analyzing Micromotions After Distal Radius Osteotomy: A 1‐Year Retrospective Study of 24 Patients
Authors: Angelomenos Vasileios , Sandberg Olof , Shareghi Bita , Ullman Michael
Published: December 2024

Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) is the most accurate method for determining early micromotions of orthopedic implants. Computed Tomography Radiostereometric Analysis (CT‐RSA) is a method that can be used to determine implant and bone micromovements using low‐dose CT scans. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the CT‐RSA method in measuring the interfragmental mobility in patients who have undergone a correction osteotomy due to a malunited distal radius fracture. Twenty‐four patients were included and operated with a radiolucent volar plate. Markers were embedded in the plate and bone. RSA and CT examinations were obtained postoperatively up to 1‐year postoperative. Micromovements of the distal radius segment relative to the proximal were compared between the methods with paired analysis and Bland–Altman plots. The limits of clinical significance were: dorsal/volar tilt < 10°, radial shortening < 5 mm, radial inclination ≥ 15°, and radial shift < 5 mm. For the dorsal/volar tilt, the paired analysis between the two methods, showed a mean difference (95% CI) of −0.06° (−0.67 to 0.55), for radial compression‐0.04 mm (−0.09 to 0.01), for radial inclination 0.21° (−0.06 to 0.48), and for radial shift −0.07 mm (−0.21 to 0.07). The paired analysis for micromotions showed that the thresholds of clinical significance are excluded from the difference's 95% CI. The Bland–Altman plots showed comparable results up to 1 year, considering clinically relevant thresholds. In conclusion, the CT‐RSA method is comparable to that of marker‐based RSA in measuring micromotions after wrist osteotomy, as the differences between the methods are not clinically significant.
Complications that arise with nasogastric tubes after hospitalization in the pediatric population: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Mekhuri Samantha , Dussah Naomi , Quet Julie , Sampson Margaret , O'Hearn Katie , Loree Sara , Orkin Julia , Keilty Krista , Chu Stephanie , Major Nathalie , Amin Reshma
Published: December 2024

Children use nasogastric tubes (NGTs) to ensure optimum nutrition and medication delivery when oral feeding fails or when they experience faltering growth. Although this method is less invasive, children may experience complications associated with NGTs. There is a gap in the literature regarding the types and prevention of complications of NGTs in the pediatric population at home. This review determines at‐home complications associated with NGTs in the pediatric population (aged 0–18 years) and the type of education and support provided to caregivers. Databases MEDLINE, Embase using the Ovid interface, and CINAHL using the EBSCOhost interface were searched for relevant studies from January 1946 to November 2022. Twenty‐four articles were found, of which 16 studies with 902 children with NGTs feeding were systematically reviewed. Two themes emerged: (1) prevalence and types of NGT complications and (2) preventable complications and education/management strategies for prevention. Seven studies reported main complications of vomiting, retching and gagging, nausea, aspiration, local granulation tissue, and inadvertent removal, with two studies reporting no complications. Most complications were managed at home, suggesting caregivers were able to address issues without seeking additional medical intervention. Key recommendations to mitigate complications included training caregivers in NGT management, troubleshooting common complications, and evaluating caregiver competency before discharge. This systematic review emphasized the need for structured training programs to improve caregiver competence and safety practices, highlighting key areas for clinical improvement, including caregiver education, reducing at‐home complications, and standardizing care for children using NGTs.
Effects of Globularia cordifolia on colon cancer cells: antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokine analysis and molecular docking studies
Authors: Torunoglu Emine Incilay , Aytar Erdi Can , Aydın Betul , Durmaz Alper , Balpınar Özge , Ertuğrul Muhammed Sait , Yarım Gül Fatma
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Globularia cordifolia L. samples. The plant material was collected and extracted using the maceration method. Antioxidant activities were assessed through DPPH (i.e. 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and iron chelation assays, whereas phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify biologically active compounds. The cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells was evaluated using MTT [i.e. 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide] assays, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured through an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions of bioactive compounds with the 4UYA protein, and ADME (i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) modeling predicted their toxicity.

RESULTS

The study revealed that the extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with a median 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 39.48 ± 2.15 μg mL−1 in the DPPH assay and an effective iron chelation capacity with an IC50 value of 4.28 ± 0.19 mg mL−1. The total phenolic content was 662.51 ± 20.95 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1, and the flavonoid content was 114.99 ± 0.51 mg quercetin equivalents g−1, demonstrating the extract's richness in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Significant antiproliferative effects were observed in colon cancer cells at a dose of 250 μg mL−1. Inflammatory cytokine analysis indicated a reduction in pro‐inflammatory responses. Molecular docking studies showed strong binding affinities between the bioactive compounds and the 4UYA protein, suggesting the mechanisms of action.

CONCLUSION

The findings indicate that G. cordifolia extract exhibits strong antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, making it a promising biomolecular agent for colon cancer therapy. The high phenolic and flavonoid contents, combined with the bioactive compounds' interactions with key molecular targets, underscore its potential therapeutic applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
“Grafting to” Rubber Composite for Elastic Dielectric Material
Authors: Bazliah Dinda , Hong Qi‐An , Laysandra Livy , Chiu Yu‐Cheng
Published: December 2024

In addition to traditional rubber applications, 1,4‐cis‐polyisoprene (cis‐PI) has been utilized in wearable electronics. While synthetic PI typically exhibits lower durability compared to natural rubber (NR), high‐molecular‐weight cis‐PI compensates by offering improved mechanical properties and chemical resistance. The group proposes using a commercial cis‐PI with high molecular weight of 250 000 g mol−1 (PI250K‐C) grafted onto modified nanoparticle structures including silicon dioxide (mSiO2), rutile titanium dioxide (mRTiO2), and anatase titanium dioxide (mATiO2) as an insulator in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) due to its naturally low dielectric constant. The nanoparticles are pretreated with a coupling agent to improve adhesion and prevent aggregation. Rubber composite films, designated X%‐mY‐PI250K‐C (where X = 10, 20, 30% and Y = mSiO2, mRTiO2, mATiO2), are fabricated using sulfur vulcanization. The modified films demonstrate excellent mechanical stress (1.15 ± 0.1 MPa) and elasticity, enduring 50 loading–unloading cycles without residual strain. In contrast, rubber composites produced from simple blending show half the mechanical stress at 0.7 ± 0.3 MPa, which is attributed to nanoparticle agglomeration observed in SEM and EDX results. Additionally, mRTiO2 nanoparticles significantly increase the dielectric constant of PI250K‐C from 2.12 to 12.93, enhancing electrical performance for TFT applications. This study underscores the effectiveness of the “grafting to” approach for producing robust rubber composites, highlighting the importance of nanoparticle selection and fabrication precision for stretchable organic electronics.
Exploring Cross‐Link Density and Additive Effects on Mechanical and Morphological Behaviors of Cross‐Linked Polymers
Authors: Keya Kamrun N. , Li Zhaofan , Xu Lan , Xia Wenjie
Published: December 2024

Cross‐linked thermoset polymeric materials are widely used in various engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Recent research highlights the role of cross‐link density and additives in influencing segmental dynamics and thermomechanical behavior of polymers. This study employs coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (CG‐MD) simulations to explore the thermomechanical and morphologic behaviors of cross‐linked polymers with molecular additives. Specifically, it is systematically investigated how cross‐link density (c) and different additive concentrations (m) affect key glass‐forming characteristics, along with the resulting changes in mechanical and morphologic properties of network materials as they approach their glass transition temperatures (Tg). Relatively weaker interaction between the polymer network and additives can lead to additive aggregation, significantly affecting the morphology and Tg as the m increases. Increasing c leads to an increase in both Tg and fragility while increasing m decreases them. The simulation reveals that both c and m moderately influence the mechanical properties (i.e., shear and tensile modulus) of cross‐linked polymers with additives. This study provides valuable insights into how cross‐link density and additive concentrations influence glass‐forming and morphological behaviors, offering a molecular design strategy for developing advanced cross‐linked thermosets.
1D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Dual‐Cobalt Synergistic Sites for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Xia Shu‐Kun , Liu Yong , Zhu Ruo‐Meng , Feng Jing‐Dong , Han Wang‐Kang , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: December 2024

Diatomic catalysts enhance photocatalytic CO2 reduction through synergistic effects. However, precisely regulating the distance between two catalytic centers to achieve synergistic catalysis poses significant challenges. In this study, a series of one‐dimensional (1D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are designed with adjustable micropores to facilitate efficient CO2 photoreduction. CO2 molecules are anchored between dual‐cobalt centers within micropores, thus effectively reducing their activation energy and initiating the photocatalytic process. Additionally, the formation of *COOH intermediates is significantly influenced by the coordination microenvironment around dual‐cobalt sites. Notably, COF‐Co‐N4 exhibited remarkable CO2 photoreduction activity with a CO evolution rate of 110.3 µmol·g−1·h−1, which surpasses most of previously reported single‐atom‐site photocatalysts. Comprehensive characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that 1D COFs with dual‐cobalt sites possess the ability to anchor CO2 molecules, thereby enhancing the efficacy of synergistic catalysis. Simultaneously, COF‐Co‐N4 with quadruple nitrogen coordination significantly reduced the energy barrier of crucial *COOH intermediate, facilitating efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This study meticulously modulated the coordination microenvironment surrounding dual‐cobalt synergistic sites, providing new insight into the design of high‐performance photocatalysts.