bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La activa participación de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Lima en la legislación comercial peruana en los últimos cuarenta años
Authors: Hundskopf Exebio Oswaldo
Published: December 2021

En este artículo, se pone de relieve la activa participación de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Lima en la gestación de importantes hitos en materia de derecho comercial peruano, así como en los cambios legislativos más relevantes de las últimas décadas en áreas tales como el derecho concursal, de protección al consumidor, arbitraje comercial, entre otros. En ese sentido, primero, se hace un breve recuento sobre el nacimiento de la Universidad de Lima y la posterior creación de su Facultad de Derecho. Seguidamente, el autor comenta su inserción en la cátedra universitaria y su labor de gestión administrativa en dicha facultad, además de la participación de diversos juristas de gran renombre que contribuyeron a la creación y consolidación de diversas cátedras y cursos del currículo de la facultad de especial contemporaneidad y relevancia académica. Finalmente, se ilustran los principales cambios normativos que tuvieron lugar en las décadas recientes en materias legislativas vinculadas al derecho comercial, en relación con las problemáticas que se buscaron atender con aquellas modificaciones y los nuevos paradigmas que estas involucraron.
El certificado de depósito y el warrant en los almacenes generales de depósito y su tratamiento en la Ley de Títulos Valores vigente
Authors: Ramírez Zegarra Jorge Luis , Medicina Leuzzi María Belen
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza la importancia de los almacenes generales de depósito y la emisión a su cargo de dos títulos valores, reconocidos como tales en la actual Ley de Títulos Valores: el certificado de depósito y el warrant. Asimismo, se da a conocer su utilidad, así como su trascendencia y características dentro del derechocambiario. Hemos decidido abordar el tratamiento de estos dos títulos valores con el fin de contribuir a su estudio y mayor difusión, bajo los lineamientos de la normativa vigente.
¿Esquizofrenia colectiva? El rol de los Registros Públicos en las reorganizaciones societarias en el Perú
Authors: Guarniz Izquierdo Reynaldo Antonio
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la conflictiva relación entre la Ley General de Sociedades y las inscripciones registrales con respecto a la fecha de vigencia de las reorganizaciones societarias. Para tal efecto, se examina la racionalidad del procedimiento regulado por las normas y recomendado por la doctrina, los derechos e intereses que se pretenden proteger, y las deficiencias y posibles interpretaciones del lenguaje de la norma. Al final del artículo, se incluyen sugerencias para una posible reforma de la ley en materia de fusiones y escisiones.
El impacto del COVID-19 en las mujeres trabajadoras del Perú. ¿Se incrementa la desigualdad y la violencia en el trabajo?
Authors: Coloma Cieza Evelin
Published: December 2021

La pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, que causa el COVID-19, viene afectando gravemente a diversos países en el mundo como resultado de la crisis sanitaria, social y económica generada. El Perú no ha sido ajeno a esta situación; por un lado, el número de víctimas de la enfermedad continúa incrementándose día a día y, por el otro, nuestra economía atraviesa una crisis como consecuencia de las medidas de restricción decretadas por el Gobierno para frenar la propagación de los contagios, que implicaron la paralización de diferentes actividades económicas. Esto ha impactado en los hogares y las empresas, pues en los últimos meses se han perdido más de tres millones de empleos, lo cual agrava el alto índice de informalidad que existe en nuestro país, y ha afectado en mayor medida a las mujeres trabajadoras. Esta situación podría profundizar las desigualdades preexistentes, así como los casos de violencia de género en el ámbito laboral.
La denuncia de las Reglas de La Haya por parte del Estado peruano: la responsabilidad civil en el transporte marítimo internacional de mercancías y su regulación en el derecho marítimo convencional
Authors: Pejovés Macedo José Antonio
Published: December 2021

El transporte marítimo moviliza aproximadamente el 80 % del comercio internacional. Dada su importancia, en este artículo se analiza la responsabilidad del porteador en el transporte marítimo internacional de mercancías, a través de un acercamiento a los tres instrumentos internacionales que se ocupan del tema. Se examinan también las diferencias entre el contrato de transporte marítimo y el contrato de fletamento, y la situación en el Perú tras la denuncia de las Reglas de La Haya. Finalmente, se intenta identificar cuál es el régimen de responsabilidad que más le conviene al Perú.
Uso y abuso de la prisión preventiva en el proceso penal peruano
Authors: Missiego del Solar Joaquín
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo muestra la preocupación existente, a pesar de los esfuerzos de la Corte Suprema, por la variada interpretación sobre los diferentes criterios que existen para la aplicación de la prisión preventiva en el desarrollo de los procesos penales en nuestro país. Asimismo, por la inseguridad jurídica que nace como consecuencia de la ausencia de un criterio uniforme de parte de las autoridades al momento de solicitar o imponer dicha medida.
Antecedentes de la reforma de la capacidad en el Código Civil peruano
Authors: Varsi Rospigliosi Enrique , Chávez Romero Valeria
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo presenta un recuento del proceso de adaptación normativa de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico a partir de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, que trajo como resultado la reforma de la capacidad en nuestro Código Civil en el año 2018. La Convención dio paso a un nuevo concepto de capacidad, además de nuevos parámetros de tratamiento, promoviendo el modelo social y una perspectiva más inclusiva en los derechos fundamentales de las personas con discapacidad. Esto tuvo un gran impacto internacional y en nuestra legislación constituye la más grande reforma realizada por una sola norma.
Evaluation of The Antifungal Activity of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) Oil with Calcium Hydroxide against Candida Albicans Isolated from Root Canal
Authors: Abdul Kareem Mustafa W , Al Dhaher Zainab A
Published: December 2021

Background: The interest in herbal extracts as antimicrobial agents has increased over the past few years in endodontic therapy. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is a promising plant with great medicinal values. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of watercress oil in combination with calcium hydroxide against Candida albicans as intracanal medicament.
Materials and Methods: Candida albicans was isolated from patients with necrotic root canal or failed root canal treatment. The sensitivity of Candida albicans to different concentrations of watercress oil extract was determined by using the agar well diffusion method in comparison with calcium hydroxide paste. The agar plate method was used to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the tested oil against the fungus. The combination of the oil extract of Nasturtium officinale with calcium hydroxide was evaluated and compared to calcium hydroxide paste with iodoform by using the agar well diffusion method.
Results: The oil extract exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, this activity was found to be increased as the concentration of extract increased. The tested combination of watercress oil extract with calcium hydroxide revealed larger inhibition zones than the ones formed by each tested agent individually.
Conclusion: The oil extract of Nasturtium officinale is active against Candida albicans suggesting its potential to be used as an intracanal medicament alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide.
Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors of Maxilla and Maxillary Sinus (A Clinicopathological Analysis)
Authors: Waheed Shahad A , Zaidan Taghreed F , Abdullah Bashar H
Published: December 2021

Background: Knowledge about the prevalence and distribution of pathologies in a particular location is important when a differential diagnosis is being formulated. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and the clinicopathological features of odontogenic cysts and tumors affecting the maxilla and to discuss the unusual presentation of those lesions within maxillary sinus.
Materials and Methods: A multicenter retrospective analysis was performed on pathology archives of patients who were diagnosed with maxillary odontogenic cysts and tumors from 2010 to 2020. Data were collected with respect to age, gender and location.
Result: A total of 384 cases was identified, 320 (83.3%) cases were diagnosed as odontogenic cysts and 64 (16.6%) as odontogenic tumors. The mean age was 30.5 years with a standard deviation of 16.2 years. Male patients were more commonly affected (n=220, 57.3%). Radicular cyst was the most common cyst (n=205, 64.1%), while the most common tumor was odontoma (n=14, 21.9%) and dentigerous cyst was the most common lesion to present within the maxillary sinus.
Conclusion: This study indicates that there are some geographic similarities and differences in regard to distribution of odontogenic cysts and tumors in maxilla and it raises awareness of their presentation within maxillary sinus especially if there is an association with an ectopic or adjacent impacted tooth.
THE LAW GLOBALIZATION IN CYBERCRIME PREVENTION
Authors: Siregar Gomgom TP , Sinaga Sarman
Published: December 2021

Globalization makes the world without borders, countries compete freely in various fields, and sometimes cross the jurisdictional limits of a country, overcoming cybercrime in legislation is absolutely necessary. Related to the jurisdiction of this crime which is a global crime, it is necessary to have a separate law that regulates cybercrime. The approach method using normative juridical. The results of research and discussion stated that The law globalization and politics provides cybercrime countermeasures in the application of legal norms between nations, which increasingly play an important role, especially how to regulate all forms of advances in information technology, communication, and transportation. This is inseparable from the foreign policy that has been woven between nations so far. Cybercrime regulation in legislation is absolutely necessary. Regarding jurisdiction over this crime, which is a global crime, it is necessary to have a separate law that regulates cybercrime, namely cyber law, which also regulates its jurisdiction by including the principle that allows cybercrime actors who harm the state even though they are outside the territory of the country.
THE LEGAL ACT ON COUNTERFEITING THE COVID-19 VACCINE IN INDONESIAN HEALTH LAW
Authors: Lasmadi Sahuri
Published: December 2021

The International Criminal Police Organization has officially issued a global warning to law enforcement officials in 194 member countries to prepare to prevent and deal with various world criminal networks that will seek to utilize the Covid-19 vaccine, both physically. The online form is counterfeiting the Covid-19 vaccine. This study aims to analyze the criminal act of counterfeiting the Covid-19 vaccine from the Health Law in Indonesia. The research method used is the Normative Law research method, which examines library materials or secondary data. Normative legal research is also called doctrinal legal research.  The criminal act of counterfeiting the Covid-19 vaccine is generally regulated in Article 386 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code relating to acts of fraud and forgery. However, it is specifically regulated in the provisions regarding penalties for distributing fake vaccines in Indonesia as regulated in Articles 196, 197, 198, and 201 Act No. 36 of 2009 concerning health. The ingredients are everyone deliberately and producing and circulating counterfeit vaccine preparations. For the criminal act ofCovid-19 vaccine counterfeiting corporate, the corporation can be subject to additional penalties in the form of revocation of business licenses and revocation of legal entity status.
THE TALIBAN & AFGHANISTAN: CONFLICT & PEACE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Amini Ma'ruf , Arifani Devina
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the political situation in Afghanistan which is now occupied by the Taliban. This qualitative research method is often called "naturalistic research method" because the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural setting). In this study, researchers used two kinds of data, namely primary data and secondary data. To determine the validity of the data, an inspection technique is needed. The implementation of the inspection technique is based on a number of certain criteria. There are four criteria used, namely the degree of trust (credibility), transferability, dependence (dependability), and certainty. The conclusions of this study are; 1) The Taliban insists that it is committed to peace talks with the Afghan government. The implementation of the original Islamic system will be something they strive for. 2) The Taliban is committed to accommodating all the rights of citizens, whether male or female, based on the noble religious rules of Islam and the noble traditions of Afghan society. The Taliban will allow women to carry out public roles. 3) Advancing a better Afghanistan.
THE JUDICIAL POWER LIMITATION OF COMMERCIAL COURTS COMPETENCY IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES
Authors: Sobandi Sobandi
Published: December 2021

One of the important instruments in a state of law is the existence of an independent judiciary, whether it is based on the doctrine of separation of powers, the notion of a state based on law or democracy. An independent judicial power is not absolute in the sense that it is free to lead to arbitrariness so that there must be restrictions on that power and freedom. The approach method is used a normative juridical approach. The results of the study found that the limitations of judicial power were based on the constitutional basis, namely Article 1 paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution, Article 24 of the 1945 Constitution and Article 24 A of the 1945 Constitution. From the concept of separation or division of powers, compose an independent judicial power which is exercised by a Supreme Court and judicial bodies under it and a Constitutional Court. The commercial court as a sub-system within the judicial power is a special court under the general judiciary that has different competencies from other general courts. The implementation of the limitation of judicial power in the competence of the commercial court to realize an independent judicial power is normatively spread out in various laws.
THE LEGAL POSITION OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL (PESANTREN) AS A REHABILITATION EFFORT FOR NARCOTICS ABUSE
Authors: Laksana Andri Winjaya
Published: December 2021

Islamic Boarding School or Pesantren is not only a place to teach religion, but also teaches other fields such as agribusiness and even rehabilitation for narcotics addicts. Rehabilitation is a process of integrated treatment activities to free addicts from drug dependence. Pesantren is one of the places that can be used to rehabilitate people who are addicted to drugs by using Islamic values that are usually applied to the students of Islamic boarding schools. This socio-legal research is descriptive in nature, strengthened by analysis of prescriptive interpretation. The results obtained from this study are the position of the Pesantren in the rehabilitation of drug abuse by applying two treatment methods for drug addicts, namely medical treatment and non-medical treatment. The rehabilitation process for narcotics addicts is the first, ablution, the second dzikr, the third five daily prayers in congregation, fourth, fasting on the Monday and Thursday, fifth or the last one is night prayer (Qiyamullail).
ANALYSIS OF THE CALCULATION TECHNIQUE WHEN DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF SIMULTANEOUSLY STARTING PUMPING UNITS
Authors:   Tashkent state technical university named Islam Karimov Of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Аbidov Kudrat Gayratovich , Zaripov Odiljon Olimjonovich , Zaripova Shakhlo Olimovna ,   Karshiengineering and economic institute of Uzbekistan
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the calculation technique for determining the number of self-starting pumping units depending on the network voltage setting and the main design dependencies of the self-starting process of electric motors fed from a three-phase three-winding transformer, and a replacement circuit for one phase of the circuit is made up. Technical solutions for the modernization of pumping units are proposed, which allow the application of the self-starting mode at reclamation pumping stations
FIRE SAFETY OF OIL AND GASCOMPLEX FACILITIES IN UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS/Part 1/
Authors:   Branch of the Russian state university of oil and gas(NRU)named after I.M. Gubkinin Tashkent, Mavlyankariev Bаkhtiyar. Abdugafurovich
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive analysis of the state of fire safety of the backbone, oil and gas industry of the republic is considered. Options for improving the technical support of individual, fire-and-explosion-hazardous industries in the industry and specialized training of specialists are offered.Keywords: fire safety, anti-terrorist security, energy saturation, system analysis, risks
CALCULATION OF THE BASIC AND ADDITIONAL ERRORS OF THE MOISTURE METER OF GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCTS
Authors:   Tashkent state technical university named Islam Karimov Of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Matyakubova Parakhat Mailievna , Kuluev Ruslan Raisovich
Published: December 2021

Calculation of the basic error of the moisture meter is determined by the error in measuring the frequency. The latter, in turn, consists of the error of the timer-counter when counting the frequency (quantization), the error in determining the coefficients a1and a2of the mathematical model of the measuring transducer during calibration, and the error due to the noise of the comparator-amplifier.Keywords:error, error calculation, measurements, result.
FEATURES OF THE METHOD OF CHARGING THE BATTERY BATTERY
Authors:   Tashkent state technical university named Islam Karimov Of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nuraliyev Almukhan Kalpakbaevich , Dzhabarov Aziz Nasimovich ,   Branch of the Russian state university of oil and gas (NRU) named after I.M. Gubkinin Tashkent
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of methods and devices for reducing the charge time of a lead-acid battery. In addition, the device for accelerated charging of a battery with an asymmetric current based on the charge of discharge converters isproposed.Key words:method, charging, discharging, storage battery, asymmetric current, density, electrolyte
How Winery Tourism Experience Builds Brand Image and Brand Loyalty
Authors: Joy Annamma , Yoon Seyee , Grohmann Bianca , LaTour Kathryn
Published: December 2021

This research examines the role of the winery tourism experience in the formation of brand image and brand loyalty. A qualitative analysis of 2540 TripAdvisor reviews—a user-generated form of electronic word of mouth—of four wineries of the Okanagan Valley posted over six years (2014-2020) reveals not only Pine and Gilmore’s (1999) four categories of consumer experiences (i.e., esthetics, education, entertainment, and escape), but also an additional factor (i.e., social interactions with employees and other visitors). The TripAdvisor reviews also show that—based on their winery tourism experiences—consumers express differentiated brand image impressions associated with wineries and brand loyalty. The contribution of this research lies in the identification of social interactions as a complementary dimension of winery tourism experiences, and in linking winery tourism experiences with brand image and brand loyalty. From a theoretical perspective, the findings encourage a greater integration of the consumer experience and the brand image and loyalty literature, as well as quantitative research examining their relation. The findings also have managerial implications for brand experience management in the wine tourism sector.
Extraction concentrating of the acid-soluble forms of rare earth elements from oils of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province using rotating coiled columns
Authors: Savonina E. Yu. , Katasonova O. N. , Maryutina T. A.
Published: December 2021

Trace elements in oils are the natural markers of the oil origin of and the mechanism of oil genesis. Direct determination of rare earth elements (REE) in crude oils is rather difficult due to their low concentrations (10–6 wt. %). Information about the forms of trace elements in oils is of particular interest. The goal of the study is determination of the content of acid-soluble forms of REE in oils from various fields of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. Six samples of oils of heavy and medium density and viscosity were analyzed. Extraction of acid-soluble forms of REE was carried out using rotating coiled columns in 0.5 M aqueous solution of nitric acid. Toluene was used to dilute the oils up to the necessary values of the density and viscosity providing the possibility of extraction in the system aqueous acid solution – oil. The content of REE was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7900 spectrometer. Their content in an acid-soluble form in oil samples under study ranged within 172 – 2173 ng/kg. Such a wide range of values is attributed to the difference in the geology and age of deposit formation. The highest content of acid-soluble forms of REE (2173 ng/kg) was observed in the oil sample from the Novo-Elkhovsky field, whereas the lowest value (172 ng/kg) was measured in the oil sample of the Pioneer field. It is shown that the content of acid-soluble forms of REE depends on tectonic zoning, productive horizons and layers, as well as on the physical and chemical properties of oils. The distribution of acid-soluble forms of light and heavy REE was evaluated. Most of the REE (75 – 99%) determined in the analyzed oil samples are light REE. It is noted that systematization of the data on the properties of oils, geological and geochemical characteristics of the deposits will provide reliable forecasting of the various forms of REE present in oils.
Validation of the expert methodology «Detection of condensed traces of the gunshot residue containing heavy metal compounds on various objects by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis»
Authors: Smirnova S. A. , Afanasyev I. B. , Bebeshko G. I. , Omel’yanyuk G. G.
Published: December 2021

We present and discuss the results of the validation of a forensic qualitative testing technique which consists in the detection of condensed traces of the gunshot residue (GSR) in the form of individual microparticles on the objects under study and their identification by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) using a scanning electron microscope Mira III (Tescan, Czech Republic) equipped with a system of X-ray microanalysis INCA GSR 450 (Oxford Nanoanalysis, Great Britain). The procedure for detecting GSR particles containing heavy metal compounds, systems of their classification and interpretation of test results are described. The suitability of the methodology for solving forensic problems has been confirmed. The validation procedure consists in assessing the reliability by comparing the test results obtained by experts (A and B) in two laboratories at different times using the same device, and in confirming the competence of experts proceeding from the results of blind tests. A standard sample ENFSI GSR PT 2018 A-03-07 is used. Each of the experts determined the number of particles classified as GSR present in control samples taken in a ballistic laboratory during a full-scale experiment: from the hands of the shooter; from the hands of a person who did not shoot; without microparticles (clean stage of an electron microscope). The reliability of the technique is characterized by the index (probability) of correct results of detecting GSR particles in the standard sample of at least 95.8% and by a small proportion of false results (no more than 5.4%). The competence of the experts is proved by the consistent results of «blind» testing of control full-scale samples, containing and not containing GSR particles obtained in different laboratories. The results of the validation indicate the suitability of the method for obtaining reliable and valid information about the presence of GSR particles on the objects under study.
Images of Soviet Colonization in Archival Cinema: “Jews on the Earth” by Abram Room: The 1920s–30s
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Golovnev Ivan A.
Published: December 2021

At the turn of the 1930s, the Soviet film industry actively released documentary films about life of remote regions of the country, giving its audience an opportunity to make virtual trips across the “sixth part of the Earth.” This phenomenon had a political background: unification of leading creative and scientific forces for creation of the screen image of a multi-structured, multinational, and successfully developing socialist country within the frameworks of state project “Cinema Atlas of the USSR.” The article is to introduce into scientific use an archival documentary “Jews on the Earth” (1927) directed by Abram Room, a film telling about the state program for Jewish settlement of the northern Circum-Pontic region. The socio-political, cultural, and ideological context of its creation is analyzed. The study draws on little-known visual and textual archives, as well as on data of the Soviet periodicals and excerpts from the screenwriter V.B. Shklovsky’s theoretical heritage. Due to specifics of silent cinema, the film “Jews on the Earth” is a kind of cinematic text, consisting of approximately equal number of alternating film frames and text credits written by Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lily Brick. The film story is a sequence of episodes describing agrarization of the Jewish population, its “exodus” from the destroyed miasteczkos to the fertile southern lands. In the course of the research, it becomes obvious that this film is an example of the propaganda films describing the success of early Soviet colonization projects. The method used by Abram Room when working on the “Jews on the Earth” was a creative combination of the documentary and feature film techniques, allowing the film not just to convey dry information, but also to highlight socio-cultural context of the events. The film’s significance was in its contribution to the visual chronicle of the Soviet colonization and to the development of the myth of existence of the Jewish community in the USSR. It is concluded that this film, even overcoming the frameworks of purely propagandistic narration and becoming an outstanding phenomenon of cinematographic art, remains a significant example of the visual anthropology of the Soviet period, as well as a multilayered historical source that has not lost its relevance for modern scientific study.
Fonds of Regional Planning Agencies as a Most Valuable Source on the Dynamics and Standards of Living of the Urban Population of Eastern Siberia: 1954–84
Authors:   Institute of History Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Gonina Natalia V. , Pavlyukevich Ruslan V. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Slavina Lyudmila N. ,   V. P. Astafyev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article reviews archival fonds containing collections of the planning committees in three biggest Siberian cities: Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Novosibirsk. The Gosplan of the USSR acted as one of the pillars of the Soviet economic system, and hence of the Soviet society. This organization, by virtue of its official duties, was to possess the most complete information on the state of national economy, as well as on characteristics, needs, and requirements of the population living in towns and villages of the vast country. Despite the importance of this organization, which had its cells in every administrative unit of the country, its activities have been poorly studied by historians and urbanists. This is especially true of the territory of Eastern Siberia. This situation is due to the fact that its fonds have been classified until recently when most archives have lifted these restrictions. However, the huge volume of the fonds (fonds 1478 and 1300 of the State Archive of the Krasoyarsk Krai are among the largest in the region) and their poor organization complicate working with these collections. Nevertheless, they allow a comprehensive disclosure of the issues of the Soviet city. Turning to urban studies, a historian may feel lost in front of the huge volume of dynamically changing facts, phenomena, processes. Despite rigid unified structure of the Gosplan, the quality of its collections in the local archives depended largely on local managers and employees. Among three largest cities of Siberia (Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk), only Novosibirsk possesses a great number of documents, well sorted and organized, supplied with reference material. The Krasnoyarsk fond is rich in information, especially analytical. However, its organization is chaotic, collections remaining as they was transferred to the archive. Irkutsk has the poorest collection and, being scattered over several archives, it is poorly accessible to researchers. Moreover, the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region has no modern digitized guide to its Soviet period fonds. In general, given the informational value of the planning agencies fonds in the cities of Eastern Siberia, two things should be noted. First, it is necessary to make them more accessible to researchers through transfer and digitization. Second, it is necessary to write a history of regional planning commissions and biographies of their leaders. Working with materials of these fonds should be the first step for any researcher concerned with socio-economic development of Eastern Siberia.
“Be as It May, but the Judicial Reform Will Soon Emerge”: An Unknown Source on the Preparation of the Judicial Reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire
Authors:   A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan, Legkiy Dmitriy M.
Published: December 2021

The article and the published documents study the previously unknown documents on the judicial reform. Drawing on archival documents discovered in the Stasovs family archive (from the manuscript department of the Institute of Russian Literature) and in the secret archive of the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery (from the State Archive of the Russian Federation), including correspondence of D. V. Stassov with the chairman of the Yekaterinoslav criminal court chamber, A. S. Kuznetsov (1862–66), the publication reveals the unknown pages of the history of the judicial reform of 1864 in the Russian Empire. The sources highlight the activities of the commission for preparation of the reform under (initially) quite difficult conditions. The details of the judicial reform preparation are given against the background of constant struggles between conservative and liberal camps (with the gradual switchover of high-ranking officials from one camp to another, depending on the Emperor’s will), as well as between different groups and directions. Thus, the adoption of final decisions was delayed due to uncertain, evasive position of its members, as it happened during discussions of individual bills in the State Council. Attention is drawn to the reaction of officials of the Third Department, when perlustrating letters of the Councilor of State, Chief Secretary of the Governing Senate and Chairman of the Criminal Court Chamber of Yekaterinoslav containing quite immodest thoughts on the “behind-the-scenes preparation” of the Judicial reform. D. V. Stasov’s letters were actually weekly diary entries recording the preparation of the 1864 judicial reform, his tone picturesque, descriptions of ministers and high officials accurate and caustic. Such evidence from very authoritative sources provides a wealth of material on the attitude of the Imperial Court and the heads of state institutions (the Ministry of Justice, the State Council, the Senate, the Committee of Ministers, the Second Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery) involved in decision-making concerning judicial projects, which has not been adequately covered in historical and legal studies. Publication of D. V. Stasov's letters (from the archival materials of the Stasov family fond) can significantly expand the source base on the history of preparation of the judicial reforms in the Russian Empire in 1860–64.
Review of the Novorossiya Committee Activities (1801–03): Materials from the Russian State Historical Archive
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation, Konkin Denis V.
Published: December 2021

V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
“File” on the Historian A. P. Shchapov in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (1861–64): Novelty and Reliability of the Documents Collection
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Madzharov Alexander S.
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the scientific works of Afanasy Prokopievich Shchapov (3.10.1831-25.02.1876) and his contribution to the national scholarship of the 1850s. Despite extensive literature on the issue, its source studies aspect remains untouched upon. For instance, documents of the file “On professor A. P. Shchapov in the State Archive of the Russian Federation” (1861– 64) were used selectively, out of the context, without analyzing the source features. The source-based approach involves, in addition to using the document in research, studying the collection as a whole. Taking into account the interdependence of documents in the file, the departmental and specific context of their origin expands the possibilities of establishing the degree of the source reliability. The article is to analyze the representativeness of the documents "On professor A. P. Shchapov in the State Archive of the Russian Federation" (1861–64).” It is based on studying the origin and content of the collection, its structure, internal connections and on comparison of individual documents and the “package.” The study has showed that the “file” as a “part of the past” objectively reflects content, forms, and methods of work of the ministries and departments, the role of the emperor in the decision-making. The materials of the dossier are the carriers of genuine clerical paraphernalia, facts of real activities of the departments, and plans of the Democrats in the 1860s. The social function of the “head” department, its ideological dominant determines the composition of the file. It includes sources of personal provenance, historical research of the scientist, and record management materials. They contain data on the life of the historian from February 1861 to March 1864. Each department aimed to obtain objective information, used document forms endorsed by personal signature of the minister. The materials are linked chronologically and thematically. The bureaucratic interest in accurate information and the inter-document context, as well as the direct comparison of documents testify to their reliability. The file of professor Shchapov, due to the specifics of the “ministerial” selection of documents, could not capture the history of Shchapov’s life and work in Kazan and St. Petersburg in 1861–64 in its entirety, but it preserved some unique elements of his biography.
Ilyushin Il-2 in Archival and Architectural Manifestation of Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45
Authors:   Russian State Archive in Samara, Samara, Russian Federation, Andreeva Anna V. , Artamonova Ludmila M. ,   Samara State Institute of Culture, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article examines and compares archival documents from the Russian State Archive in Samara (RGA v g. Samara) and Monument to the Ilyushin Il-2 as components of the “site of commemoration,” which has become a part of historical and cultural code of the city. The example of perception of this national and local symbol of the war reveals features of and prospects for constructing historical memory; detailed written evidences, vivid visual images, large-scale architectural and urban planning solutions are used. The theoretical basis for the research is Maurice Halbwachs’ concept of “historical memory” and Pierre Nora’s “lieux de m?moire.” Russian and foreign scientists are developing these concepts within the frameworks of interdisciplinary “memory studies.” The important role in these studies belongs to historians. Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45 became a backbone idea for our country. It gives meaning to the historical process in the 20th century, manifesting in numerous and various empirical data, events, and artifacts. The Ilyushin Il-2 became a significant “site of memory” in Samara for two reasons. Firstly, many documents on its creation are stored in the Russian State Archive in Samara and are available to researchers and constantly exhibited (on-line as well as real). Secondly, the Ilyushin Il-2 visually symbolizes Samara’s contribution to the Great Victory, as the aircraft, manufactured and restored here, became a center of the composition of the monument to military and labour glory of the citizens in the days of the Great Patriotic War. This monument was opened in 1973. Its last reconstruction was carried out in 2015–17 in order to preserve this unique historical relic. The aircraft-monument and written evidence on the history of its creation, destinies of inventors, production organizers, engineers, workers are situated not far from one other. The Constructor Ilyushin Square and the Memory Square, where the monument and the archive building stand, are connected by Moscow Avenue. It is not just a transport artery, but a pivot of historical memory uniting its documentary, material, and artistic incarnations into general cultural space, in which the Il-2 plays its important role as a "site of memory."
"To Unite Telescope and Microscope": Concerning An Attempt to Solve Methodological and Source Studies Problems of Studying the History of the Russian Peasant Family of the Yepifan Uezd in the 16th – 20th Centuries
Authors:   S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yurkin Igor N.
Published: December 2021

The article assesses source and archival studies aspects of the V. P. Kozlov’s book “Remove to history ...”: The Peasant Family and Settlement of the Tula Region in the 16th – 20th Centuries. It is the first volume of the study, covering the period up to 1917. The work is devoted to the history and culture of the Yepifan uezd. This uezd is considered in two ways: as a territory, including the villages where the author’s ancestors lived, and as a part of its surroundings. The state of the territory is described for several periods. Via stepwise immersion accompanied by detailing of material, the author advances the restoration of the history of villages and their inhabitants. In the Russian scientific literature, an experience of large-scale and consistent implementation of this approach is a unique case. The author analyzes it theoretically, bringing it into correlation with trends of modern historical science and demonstrating its effectiveness. To study the history of the Yepifan uezd, a significant amount of documents, both published and stored in the archives, has been involved for the first time. V.P. Kozlov divides sources into three classes. In line with his approach used in his works on archeography, he characterizes eight types of sources. Among sources of personal provenance, he underscores oral history documents — records of his relatives’ memoirs collected over the years. He points to the cognitive heterogeneity of these sources: he emphasizes the need to take into account the “author's angles,” notes high reliability of correspondence, especially between relatives. Isolation by V. P. Kozlov of a special class of sacred documentary sources is new. The author refers to these documents as reflecting “relations with the sacred ... beliefs, convictions and symbols” and capturing “the sacrament of human communication with... extrahuman authority.” As an example, he cites his grandmother’s nightly prayers and recordings of miracles of St. Matrona of Moscow. V. P. Kozlov notes an abundance of such sources in the Russian archives. Identifying gaps in sources, he explains the reasons for different preservation of documentary complexes. He dwells on research methods that can partially compensate for the insufficiency of sources. He took some risk in choosing the inhabitants of a small village as main characters of his research. The analysis of source study and archival aspects of his research proves that such work can be successfully carried out even with insufficient sources.
A research on the determination of phenological and molecular characterization in open-pollinated genotypes in walnut
Authors: SÜTYEMEZ Mehmet , BOYACI Selma , KUŞÇUOĞLU Nur , ÖZCAN Akide , BÜKÜCÜ Şakir Burak , YILDIRIM Esra , BARDAK Adem
Published: December 2021

This research was carried out to reveal the phenological and genetic differences between the S-1/1 walnut genotype and its 94 progenies. In the phenological observations made, it was observed that budburst in genotypes took 52 days, leafing 50 days, leaf yellowing 31 days, and defoliation date 27 days. When the mother plant (S-1/1) and the genotypes were compared, it was found that there was a phenological variation of 75.54% in budburst, 73.41% in the leafing, 34.05% in leaf yellowing, and 93.62% in defoliation date, while the average variation was 69.15%. In the dendrogram obtained using phenological data, 2 main and 5 subgroups were obtained. In molecular genetic analyzes, 7 ISSR primers were used to determine genetic variations, as a result, 7 monomorphic and 45 polymorphic bands were obtained, and the rate of polymorphism was found to be 86.53%. The average number of alleles was calculated to be 7.42. In genotypes, the polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied between 0.48 and 0.95, while the average PIC value was calculated to be 0.73. As a result of cluster analysis, it was seen that genotypes were divided into 2 main clusters and 2 subsets. At the end of the study, it was determined that the S-1/1 and its progenies have a significant variation both phenologically and genetically.
İstanbul Boğazı Geçişi Güvenlik Açığı: Olası Tanker Patlama Simülasyonu
Authors: ENSARİ ÖZAY Müge , KÖTEN Hasan , CAN Emine
Published: December 2021

Deniz kazaları araştırmaları, kazalarda teknik, insani, operasyonel ve organizasyonel olmak üzere pek çok risk faktörünün önemli etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle kritik öneme sahip olan lokasyonlarda olan kazaların sonuçları ciddi hasarlara ve yıkıma neden olabilmektedir. Mevcut risk değerlendirmelerinde teknik güvenlik sistemlerine odaklanırken, patlama modellemesi çalışmaları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, İstanbul Boğazından geçen ve sıvılaştırılmış doğalgaz (LNG) taşıyan tankerlerde olası bir tank patlaması ve yangın durumunda kazanın etki alanlarını incelemektir. Çalışmada açık erişim olan ALOHA yazılım programı kullanılarak 10,000 m3’lük LNG tankında BLEVE senaryosu analiz edilmiştir. Patlamanın yaklaşık 4.4 km'lik tehdit bölgesinde binaların tahrip olmasına, ciddi yaralanmalara ve camların kırılmasına neden olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 2.0 km'lik tehdit bölgesinde 10.0 kW / m2 termal radyasyon oluşacağı ve 60 saniye içinde potansiyel olarak ölümcül olacağı saptanmıştır. Olası patlama modellemesi sonucunda İstanbul Boğazında çok büyük bir felaket yaşanacağı öngörülmektedir.
A Strategic Point on the Eastern Roman Border: Adilcevaz Castle
Authors: TOK Emine
Published: December 2021

Adilcevaz Castle is located on a dominant hill with a steep slope on the edge of Lake Van in Adilcevaz district of Bitlis province today. This hilly area is the low elevation extensions of the volcanic mountain formation, most of which covers the borders of Bitlis province, descending into the lake. The hill on which the castle was built is connected to the main rock only with a narrow passage from the north while possesses extremely steep slopes on the east, west and south. At first glance, the volcanic rock fleets on the east and west give the impression that they clamped the hill on two sides. These slopes resembling steep walls are actually the reason why the castle was built here. The traces show that there was a continuous settlement on the hill accompanied by a fortification since the early times and as the settlement expanded, with the new additions to the fortification, the whole area turned into a fortified urban center. During the late Roman - early Byzantine period, Adilcevaz was one of the frontier fortifications of the Eastern Roman Empire and the center of the diocese and due to its geographic location it was also located on an important road network. The secondary main road from Edessa to Ani and from there to the North was running through Adilcevaz. So the city has changed hands among many civilizations throughout the history, the walls protecting the settlement were destroyed in the wars and repaired. In addition, earthquakes in various periods also caused the city walls to collapse. Although most of the walls have been demolished today, three phases were identified according to the construction technique, inscriptions and additional traces.
Influence of the breast prosthesis volume in dose distribution in radiotherapy planning
Authors: Fonseca Paulo Victor , Salviano Danilo , Ercolin Laura , Buongosto Fernanda , Borges Allison , Marcelino Francisco Américo Silveira , César Dayane Lima , Silva Rose Marta dos Santos , McCloskey Susan Ann , Altei Wanessa Fernanda , Jacinto Alexandre Arthur , Mattos Marcos Duarte de
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The challenge of modern radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer is to maintain its satisfactory oncological results, adapting to oncoplastic surgery and avoiding possible cosmetic damage. Considering that the breast prosthesis is not a target volume in RT planning, this study sought to analyze the effect of this volume on the coverage of the clinical target volume (CTV) of the breast. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of plans in 48 patients who submitted to RT in the first half of 2014. Two volumes were measured, such as breast CTV (breast tissue with the prosthesis) and real CTV (breast tissue excluding the prosthesis). The D95% values (dose that covers 95% of the volume) for each of them were verified and related to the volume of each one as well as the volume of breast prosthesis. Results: The analysis of the CTVs showed a significant difference between the mean volumes for the real CTV and breast CTV. While performing the CTV coverage, including the prosthesis, there is a perception that the dose covered 95% of the volume. Nevertheless, the analysis of the same plan after prosthesis volume exclusion revealed a difficulty in covering 95% of the breast tissue volume, indicating the interference of the prosthesis in therapy planning. Considering the dosimetric aspects, there were patients with real CTV values below the ideal dose of 47.5 Gy, after exclusion of implant volume. Conclusions: Our data reflected the volume of the prosthesis as an important variable that should be considered when planning adjuvant RT.