bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Penitential Psalms and Wholeness
Authors: Hamme Joel Travis
Published: September 2016

In this article I examine a Mesopotamian therapeutic ritual and its prayer, “My god, I did not know.” It is clear that although the prayer is quite general, its purpose is to reconcile a sick person to his personal deity so that the patient is healed. I will then examine structural and content similarities with Pss 38 and 51. Thus, the paper’s methodology is comparative and form critical. I conclude that Pss 38 and 51, like the Mesopotamian penitential prayers and rituals, were ritual prayers through which the faithful Israelite was reconciled to God so that wholeness could be re-established in his or her life. This has implications for wholeness and health today as believers pursue right relationship with their creator. It also has implications for the critical contextualization of the psalms into different cultural contexts.
Tongues as a Site of Subversion
Authors: Tupamahu Ekaputra
Published: September 2016

In this article I discuss the close relationship between colonialism and the expansion of language. Language is always politically contested. A language can become an international language today because it has a long history of colonization and subjugation of other groups of people. I analyze the sociopolitical dimension of tongues by engaging, among others, linguist Roman Jakobson, philosopher Michel Foucault, and cultural theorist Judith Butler. By placing tongues in the context of the politics of language, I aim to show that the practice of speaking in tongues can be viewed as a strategic subversion and disruption of the regime of normalized language.
A new species of Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondrida) from the Senegalese coast
Authors: BOURY-ESNAULT NICOLE , MARSCHAL CHRISTIAN , KORNPROBST EAN-MICHEL , BARNATHAN GILLES
Published: September 2016

Axinyssa djiferi, a new species of Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondrida) is described from the mangrove roots along the Senegalese coast. This species is close to the type species of the genus Axinyssa topsenti Lendenfeld, 1897 described from the Indian Ocean. Both share two categories of oxea, presence of fistules with apical oscules, conules in which the choanosomal tracts end in brushes and tangential skeleton between the conules. They differ in the size of the oxea, the shape of the smaller oxeas, the type of spicule in the ectosomal tangential skeleton, and in their respective geographical distributions. The description of this new species gives grounds for reassessing the synonymy between Axinyssa and Pseudaxinyssa Burton, 1931.
Six new species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from a Brazilian forest reserve
Authors: QUERINO R. B. , ZUCCHI R. A.
Published: September 2016

An electrical suction trap set in a forest reserve in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, was used to collect Trichogramma species. Six new species were collected, namely Trichogramma acuminatum n. sp., Trichogramma alloeovirilia n. sp., Trichogramma parrai n. sp., Trichogramma pusillum n. sp., Trichogramma tupiense n. sp. and Trichogramma zucchii n. sp., which are being described herein.
New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama
Authors: SOLÍS ÁNGEL , KOHLMANN BERT
Published: September 2016

The following new species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Costa Rica and Panama are described: Copris tridentatus sp. nov., Onthophagus notiodes sp. nov., Onthophagus xiphias sp. nov. and Trichillum arcus sp. nov. Pedaridium bradyporum (Boucomont) is reported from the Pacific slope of Costa Rica for the first time. Drawings of the dorsal habitus of all species are provided.
The New World species of Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) Frey (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: BOUCHER STÉPHANIE
Published: September 2016

The New World species of the subgenus Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) Frey are reviewed. There are two species in the region: C. (X.) biseta (Hendel) (western Palearctic, eastern Nearctic, Jamaica); and C. (X.) illinoensis (Malloch) (eastern Nearctic). Both species are illustrated and a key is provided to distinguish the species. Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) biseta was apparently introduced recently to the eastern Nearctic and several new locality records in eastern Canada and northeastern United States are noted here; the record of C. (X.) biseta from Jamaica represents the first record of the subgenus from the Neotropical region.
Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)
Authors: HALL JACK C. , EVENHUIS NEAL L.
Published: September 2016

The bombyliid subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen as it occurs in the Nearctic Region is reviewed. A total of 28 species are found to comprise the subgenus in the Nearctic. The following 16 new species are described and illustrated: Geron albipilosus Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. borealis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. confusus Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. cressoni Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. elachys Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. eriogonae Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. halli Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. infrequens Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. monticola Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. nevadensis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. notios Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. painteri Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. peucon Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. prosopidis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. stenos Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., and G. weemsi Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov. The following are found to be new junior synonyms: Geron perplexus Tabet, 2001 = Geron argutus Painter, syn. nov., G. saxosus Tabet, 2001 = G. holosericeus Walker, syn. nov., and G. antologos Tabet, 2001 = G. senilis (Fabricius, 1794), syn. nov.
A revision of Nearctic species of the genera Adota Casey, 1910 and Psammostiba Yosii & Sawada, 1976 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: GUSAROV VLADIMIR I.
Published: September 2016

Holarctic genera Psammostiba Yosii & Sawada, 1976 (new to North America) and Adota Casey, 1910 are redescribed. Halostiba Yosii & Sawada, 1976 is placed in synonymy with Adota Casey, 1910. Keys to Nearctic species of Adota and Psammostiba are provided. Adota colpophila Gusarov, sp. n. from Mexico and Psammostiba kenaii Gusarov, sp. n. from Alaska, British Columbia and California are described. Atheta setositarsis Casey, 1910, At. subintima Casey, 1910, At. scortea Casey, 1911, At. scolopacina Casey, 1911 and At. insons Casey, 1911 are placed in synonymy with Adota maritima (Mannerheim, 1843). Three Palaearctic species, Atheta ushio (Sawada, 1971), At. magnipennis Bernhauer, 1943 and At. madida Bernhauer, 1907 are transferred to Adota. Lectotypes are designated for Atheta massettensis Casey, 1910, At. subintima Casey, 1910, At. scortea Casey, 1911, At. scolopacina Casey, 1911 and At. insons Casey, 1911. Atheta finita Moore & Legner, 1975 (replacement name for At. definita Casey, 1911), At. pavidula Casey, 1911 and At. irrita Casey, 1911 described by Casey in Atheta (Adota) do not belong to Adota. Psammostiba Yosii & Sawada, 1976 is raised to generic rank and Adota comparabilis (Mäklin in Mannerheim, 1853) is transferred to Psammostiba
Remarks on some species of tardigrades from South America with the description of Minibiotus sidereus n. sp.
Authors: PILATO GIOVANNI , BINDA MARIA GRAZIA , LISI OSCAR
Published: September 2016

Seven species of tardigrades are reported from Ecuador, one of which, Fractonotus caelatus (Marcus 1928) is new for South America and one, Minibiotus sidereus, is new for science. Minibiotus sidereus has circular, elliptical and star-shaped cuticular pearls (with 3-8 arms), pharyngeal bulb with large apophyses, three short macroplacoids and small microplacoid; the eggs have many conical processes with 6-7 annulations.
A new species of Stegopterna Enderlein, and its relationship to the allotriploid species St. mutata (Malloch, 1914) (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: CURRIE DOUGLAS C. , HUNTER FIONA F.
Published: September 2016

A new species of black fly, Stegopterna diplomutata n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described and illustrated. This species is most closely related to Stegopterna mutata (Malloch, 1914), with which it has long been confused. The two species are most easily distinguished based on the presence or absence of males; St. diplomutata is a diploid bisexual species that possesses males, whereas St. mutata is a triploid parthenogenetic species that lacks males. The two species are otherwise not distinguishable except through examination of their larval polytene chromosomes. Observations are provided about the evolution of triploidy in Stegopterna.
Water Bears (Tardigrada) of the Bieszczady Mountains (Poland, West Carpathians)
Authors: MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: September 2016

Twenty-seven species of Tardigrada were found in 278 samples collected from the Bieszczady Mountains in April and May of 2001. Twelve were recorded for the first time from this region: Astatumen bartosi (W“glarska, 1959); Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996; Diphascon (Adropion) prosirostre Thulin, 1928; Echiniscus merokensis Richters, 1904; Echiniscus trisetosus Cuénot, 1932; Isohypsibius pappi (Iharos, 1966); Isohypsibius ronsisvallei (Binda & Pilato, 1969); Isohypsibius sattleri (Richters, 1902); Isohypsibius schaudinni (Richters, 1909); Macrobiotus crenulatus Richters, 1904; Macrobiotus macrocalix Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993 and Murrayon hibernicus (Murray, 1907). C. schusteri and M. crenulatus were new to the fauna of Poland, and C. schusteri and I. ronsisvallei were also new to the Carpathian fauna. Three other species Echiniscus reticulatus Murray, 1905, Hypsibius dujardini (Doyere, 1840) and Pseudechiniscus suillus (Ehrenberg, 1853) previously recorded from the Bieszczady Mts. were not confirmed in this study. A key to determine the known species from the Bieszczady Mts. is given. Taxonomical and zoogeographical remarks on these species are also given.
Cladistic analysis and biogeography of Brachystethus Laporte (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
Authors: BARCELLOS ALINE , GRAZIA JOCÉLIA
Published: September 2016

In this paper, Brachystethus Laporte, 1832 is analyzed cladistically, using 21 characters and 15 taxa, including as outgroups, in a first analysis, the genera Neotibilis Grazia & Barcellos, 1994, Edessa Fabricius, 1803, Olbia Stål, 1862, Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843, and Pantochlora Stål, 1870. Further, these edessine genera were included in the ingroup, without any changes in the only resulting cladogram. The monophyly of Brachystethus is supported by four synapomorphies: metasternal carina partially bifurcated, pygophore with blade-like processes, anterior margin of gonocoxites 9 deeply concave medially, and a mesial thickening on gonapophyses 9. Brachystethus shares with Edessa, Olbia, Pantochlora, and Peromatus four synapomorphies: loss of subcallous margin on pronotum, mesosternal carina lower than metasternal carina, phallus with a short vesica, and presence of a beak-like projection on the thickening of vaginal intima. Based on the cladogram, the transferal of Brachystethus to Edessinae is here proposed. Biogeographical analysis has shown congruence between the distributional pattern of the clade formed by B. rubromaculatus Dallas, 1851, B. signoreti Stål, 1872, B. cribrus (Fabricius, 1781), and Brachystethus sp. nov. A, and vicariant events on Neotropical region, in the late Cretaceous.
Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, ‘hufelandi group’)
Authors: PILATO GIOVANNI , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , LISI OSCAR
Published: September 2016

A new species of the ‘Macrobiotus hufelandi group’, Macrobiotus polonicus sp. nov., is described from Poland. It is very similar to M. persimilis Binda & Pilato, 1972 but differs from it by having two characteristic lateral gibbosities on the hind legs, a narrower buccal tube, more slender claws, less developed lunules of the hind legs with less evident marginal indentations and eggs with fewer processes slightly different in shape.
Revision of the subfamily Bactrodinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae), with a phylogenetic analysis of Bactrodes
Authors: COSCARÓN MARIA DEL CARMEN , MELO MARIA CECILIA
Published: September 2016

The subfamily Bactrodinae is revised. Its sole genus includes five species: Bactrodes femoratus (Fabricius), B. biannulatus Stål, B. spinulosus Stål, B. multiannulatus Berg, and B. misionensis, new species. A cladistic analysis; descriptions of the subfamily, the genus, and its species; and a key are included, as well as a map with geographical distributions.
Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of viviparous hydromedusa from the deep sea off California and Hawaii
Authors: THUESEN ERIK V.
Published: September 2016

A new species of deep-sea jellyfish, Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), is described from the North Pacific Ocean off California and Hawaii. Discrete depth sampling showed this species lives at depths below 1000 meters in both geographic locations. The species is more abundant off California than off Hawaii. The greatest population densities were found at ~2500 m off California and at ~1250 m off Hawaii. The burnt-tangerine color of the inner bell and bright pink to lavender color of the ring and radial canals, manubrium and gonads make living specimens of this species difficult to confuse with any other known species of hydromedusa. Sexually dimorphic differences in gonad morphology are evident. The pendant testes contained spermatids at various stages of spermatogenesis as observed using scanning electron microscopy. Ova develop directly into small medusae that reside subumbrellarly between the radial canals of the mother. Various developmental stages of C. millsae are shown in photographs and terminology of brooding and viviparity is discussed relative to other Cnidaria.
A new species of the lizardfish genus Synodus (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae) from the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , CHEN JEN-PING , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: September 2016

Synodus pacificus sp. nov., a new species of lizardfish, is described based on specimens collected in the western Pacific Ocean. It belongs to a species group with needle-like posterior processes of the pelvic girdle and differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: 4 upside-down omega-shaped marks on the lateral body; black patches on the nape and opercular region; cross bars on the ventral surface of the head; bars on the dorsal and caudal fins; orbital large (6.7–8.1% SL); interorbital space narrow (2.1–2.8% SL); snout short (6.3–7.2% SL); anterior palatine teeth not longer than posterior teeth; pectoral fin extending slightly beyond a line from base of pelvic fin to origin of dorsal fin; 7 peritoneal spots; peritoneal membrane pale; nasal flap long and pointed; dorsal-fin rays 11–13 (mainly11); anal-fin rays 9–11 (mainly 10 or 11); pectoral-fin rays 11–14 (mainly 12); total vertebrae 53 or 54; pored lateral-line scales 52–54; transverse scale rows above the lateral line 3.5, below 4.5 or 5; gill rakers 31–37; and 17–29 teeth on free end of tongue.
Two new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from grasses in Poland
Authors: SKORACKA ANNA
Published: September 2016

Two new eriophyoid species collected in Poland are described and illustrated. Acaralox arundinaceus sp. n. was found in leaf sheaths of Phalaris arundinacea L. (Poaceae), and the intensity of its infestation was 78.6 (n= 22; 95% CI: 43.8141.1) specimens per stem. Abacarus longilobus sp. n. was found vagrant on Bromus inermis Leyss. (Poaceae), and the intensity of its infestation was 49.6 (n= 7; 20.7-101.3). This species was also found on three other grass species, however, its infestation intensity on these plants was lower.
Review of the genus Dilophotes Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Lycidae) of the Palaearctic Region and Indochina
Authors: BIC VLASTISLAV
Published: September 2016

The Palaearctic and Indochinese species of the genus Dilophotes Waterhouse, 1879 are reviewed. Stenolycus Ohbayashi, 1956 is considered a junior synonym of Dilophotes. Stenolycus ohirai Ohbayashi, 1956 and Stenolycus vandykei Nakane, 1970 are transferred to Dilophotes. Twelve new species are described here: Dilophotes anthracinus sp. n., D. bhutanensis sp. n., D. bolavensis sp. n., D. holzschuhi sp. n., D. jendeki sp. n., D. kubani sp. n., D. laosensis sp. n., D. lizipingensis sp. n., D. luteus sp. n., D. moxiensis sp. n., D. pacholatkoi sp. n., and D. sausai sp. n. Most previously known species are redescribed and a key to all species is provided. Male genitalia and important external characters are illustrated.
A new mecistocephalid centipede from Ryukyu Islands and a revisitation of ‘Taiwanella’ (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Mecistocephalidae)
Authors: BONATO LUCIO , FODDAI DONATELLA , MINELLI ALESSANDRO
Published: September 2016

Proterotaiwanella tanabei n. g. n. sp. is described for a mecistocephalid centipede collected in Kume Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Of the two Taiwanese species originally included in the genus ‘Taiwanella’ Takakuwa, 1936 (invalid name), ‘Taiwanella’ sculptulata Takakuwa, 1936 is recognised as belonging to the new genus (as Proterotaiwanella sculptulata (Takakuwa, 1936), n. comb.) while ‘Taiwanella’ yanagiharai Takakuwa, 1936 is recognised as belonging to the large genus Mecistocephalus Newport, 1843 (as Mecistocephalus yanagiharai (Takakuwa, 1936), n. comb.). The geographical range of the two species of Proterotaiwanella (Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands) parallels a distribution pattern common to some mecistocephalid taxa.
Phylogeny of Libellula Linnaeus (Odonata: Insecta)
Authors: CARLE FRANK LOUIS , KJER KARL M.
Published: September 2016

Phylogenetic analysis was performed on a set of 242 morphological characters. The taxon sample included 31 Libellula, and representative species from selected libeluline tribes, from all libellulid subfamilies, from all libelluloid families, from all anisopteran superfamilies, and Epiophlebia. Corduliinae was shown to be paraphyletic even among genera characterized by a well developed anal loop bisector. Sympetrini was found to be polyphyletic with Crocothemis the sister group to Libellulini. The traditional placement of Trameini, far from Libellulini is in doubt, because it is here placed as the sister group to Crocothemis + Libellulini. Kennedy’s phylogeny of Libellula was largely corroborated, with the following exceptions: the subgenera Libellula, Eolibellula, and Syntetrum form a monophyletic group which is the sister group to a clade including Belonia, Holotania, Neotetrum, and Eotainia subgenus nov. [type species Mesothemis composita Hagen]; and Eurothemis is determined to be the sister group of Ladona instead of Neotetrum. In addition we confirm Belonia to be monophyletic, and find Platetrum + Plathemis to form a monophyletic group, sister to Ladona + Eurothemis; these four subgenera together form the sister group to Libellula sensu stricto (s.s.).
Picobia paludicola sp. n. a new species of quill mite (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) from the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola (Passeriformes: Sylviidae)
Authors: SKORACKI MACIEJ , KILJAN GRZEGORZ
Published: September 2016

A new quill mite species Picobia paludicola sp. n. is described from the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola (Passeriformes: Sylviidae) captured in Poland.
Papatuka alamunyiga Deans, a new genus and species of apterous ensign wasp (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Kenya
Authors: DEANS ANDREW R.
Published: September 2016

An apterous ensign wasp, Papatuka alamunyiga Deans gen. nov., sp. nov., from Kenya is described and illustrated. A diagnosis differentiating P. alamunyiga from other apterous ensign wasps is provided as well as a discussion of its potential relationship to other evaniid genera.
Thulinius, new generic name substituting for Thulinia Bertolani, 1981 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada)
Authors: BERTOLANI ROBERTO
Published: September 2016

Due to a homonymy with a genus of Trematoda described two years before, the name Thulinia Bertolani, 1981 cannot be used for a genus of tardigrades. Therefore, Thulinius nomen novum is proposed for a genus of tardigrades (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae), in substitution of Thulinia, junior homonym. The complicated taxonomic history of the genus Thulinius and especially of one of its species is discussed. The characteristics of the genus and the main distinctive characters of the species are also reported.
Quantifying the Uncertainty in Historical and Future Simulations of Northern Hemisphere Spring Snow Cover
Authors: Thackeray Chad W. , Fletcher Christopher G. , Mudryk Lawrence R. , Derksen Chris
Published: September 2016

Projections of twenty-first-century Northern Hemisphere (NH) spring snow cover extent (SCE) from two climate model ensembles are analyzed to characterize their uncertainty. Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble exhibits variability resulting from both model differences and internal climate variability, whereas spread generated from a Canadian Earth System Model–Large Ensemble (CanESM-LE) experiment is solely a result of internal variability. The analysis shows that simulated 1981–2010 spring SCE trends are slightly weaker than observed (using an ensemble of snow products). Spring SCE is projected to decrease by −3.7% ± 1.1% decade−1 within the CMIP5 ensemble over the twenty-first century. SCE loss is projected to accelerate for all spring months over the twenty-first century, with the exception of June (because most snow in this month has melted by the latter half of the twenty-first century). For 30-yr spring SCE trends over the twenty-first century, internal variability estimated from CanESM-LE is substantial, but smaller than intermodel spread from CMIP5. Additionally, internal variability in NH extratropical land warming trends can affect SCE trends in the near future (R2 = 0.45), while variability in winter precipitation can also have a significant (but lesser) impact on SCE trends. On the other hand, a majority of the intermodel spread is driven by differences in simulated warming (dominant in March–May) and snow cover available for melt (dominant in June). The strong temperature–SCE linkage suggests that model uncertainty in projections of SCE could be potentially reduced through improved simulation of spring season warming over land.
Design Strategies of an Hourly Update 3DVAR Data Assimilation System for Improved Convective Forecasting
Authors: Tong Wenxue , Li Gang , Sun Juanzhen , Tang Xiaowen , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2016

This study examines two strategies for improving the analysis of an hourly update three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system and the subsequent quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF). The first strategy is to assimilate synoptic and radar observations in different steps. This strategy aims to extract both large-scale and convective-scale information from observations typically representing different scales. The second strategy is to add a divergence constraint to the momentum variables in the 3DVAR system. This technique aims at improving the dynamic balance and suppressing noise introduced during the assimilation process. A detailed analysis on how the new techniques impact convective-scale QPF was conducted using a severe storm case over Colorado and Kansas during 8 and 9 August 2008. First, it is demonstrated that, without the new strategies, the QPF initialized with an hourly update analysis performs worse than its 3-hourly counterpart. The implementation of the two-step assimilation and divergence constraint in the hourly update system results in improved QPF throughout most of the 12-h forecast period. The diagnoses of the analysis fields show that the two-step assimilation is able to preserve key convective-scale as well as large-scale structures that are consistent with the development of the real weather system. The divergence constraint is effective in improving the balance between the momentum control variables in the analysis, which leads to less spurious convection and improved QPF scores. The improvements of the new techniques were further verified by eight convective cases in 2014 and shown to be statistically significant.
Development of an Innovative 3D Printed Rigid Bronchoscopy Training Model
Authors: AL-Ramahi Jehad , Luo Huiping , Fang Rui , Chou Adriana , Jiang Jack , Kille Tony
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to create a 3D printed airway model simulating the size and mechanical properties of various age groups for foreign body removal training.

Methods:

Three-dimensional printing technology was used to print the anatomically correct airway from rubber-like translucent material, simulating the mechanical properties of human airway tissue. The model’s effectiveness in trainee education was evaluated by otolaryngology residents with varying levels of experience. As part of an Airway Emergencies course, a rigid bronchoscopy procedure was performed on the 3D printed model as well as a porcine model. The participants completed surveys comparing the validity of the 2 models and the effectiveness of the overall training experience.

Results:

The 3D printed model, which is accurate in terms of anatomy and mechanical properties, was found to be comparable to a porcine model in regards to participant satisfaction as well as face validity.

Conclusions:

The 3D printed airway model is able to be accurately scaled to various sizes and simulate the mechanical properties of the desired age group. The 3D printed model provides an excellent alternative to animal models in terms of practicality, logistics of use, and anatomical accuracy.
Feasibility Study for Transnasal Endoscopic Repair of Orbital Floor Fracture With Alloplastic Implant
Authors: Engle Robert D. , Chaskes Mark , Wladis Edward , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D.
Published: September 2016

Objective:

Fractures of the orbital floor are common yet repaired by various techniques, including open periorbital, transantral endoscopic, and endoscopic endonasal approaches. To date, endoscopic endonasal repair of an orbital floor fracture using an alloplastic implant has not been described. We aim to determine the technique and limitations of completely endoscopic endonasal orbital floor repair using an alloplastic implant.

Study Design:

Cadaveric anatomic study and retrospective case series.

Methods:

Cadaveric study of 12 sides with endoscopic sinonasal dissection followed by the creation and repair of an isolated orbital floor fracture using an alloplastic implant. Four representative patient cases are presented in which the techniques developed in the cadaveric study were employed. Patients were selected for this technique based on the results of the cadaveric study.

Results:

Cadaveric study demonstrated feasibility of access and repair for fractures that did not extend lateral to the infraorbital canal or anterior to the nasolacrimal duct. In all cadaveric sides and in all 4 patient cases, successful alloplastic orbital floor reconstruction was achieved.

Conclusion:

This method of repair is feasible for selected patients and may be considered in cases of favorable fracture anatomy with or without concomitant indication for an ipsilateral sinus procedure.
The social uses of the law at a Soweto garbage dump: Reclaiming the law and the state in the informal economy
Authors: Samson Melanie
Published: September 2016

The informal economy is typically understood as being outside the law. However, this article develops the concept ‘social uses of the law’ to interrogate how informal workers understand, engage and deploy the law, facilitating the development of more nuanced theorizations of both the informal economy and the law. The article explores how a legal victory over the Johannesburg Council by reclaimers of reusable and recyclable materials at the Marie Louise landfill in Soweto, South Africa shaped their subjectivities and became bound up in struggles between reclaimers at the dump. Engaging with critical legal theory, the author argues that in a social world where most people do not read, understand, or cite court rulings, the ‘social uses of the law’ can be of greater import than the actual judgement. This does not, however, render the state absent, as the assertion that the court sanctioned particular claims and rights is central to the reclaimers’ social uses of the law. Through the social uses of the law, these reclaimers force us to consider how and why the law, one of the cornerstones of state formation, cannot be separated from the informal ways it is understood and deployed. The article concludes by sketching a research agenda that can assist in developing a more relational understanding of the law and the informal economy.
City of clones: Facsimiles and governance in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Willis Graham Denyer
Published: September 2016

São Paulo is a megacity defined by formal and informal patterns of urbanization. Informally urbanized spaces are not absent of state intent, despite appearances. Grassroots-led social and spatial practices for survival, agency and self-governance contribute to the reproduction of urban political order in surprisingly unoriginal and routinely recognizable ways. This article argues that these unexceptional informal practices can be understood as ‘facsimiles’ of their formal institutional originals. Using the example of cloned cars the article shows that the facsimile and the original are the same in form and function. Facsimiles do not exist outside of political authority, but are a byproduct and a component of it. They are indistinguishable in their bureaucratic deployment, recognition and acceptance as part of social and spatial order.
Sub-formality in the formalization of public transport in East Jerusalem
Authors: Shlomo Oren
Published: September 2016

This article discusses formalization processes in the context of urban conflict, focusing on the ways adversarial power relations dictate methods and outcomes of formalization. Based on analysis of the formalization of public transport in ethno-nationally contested Jerusalem, the article demonstrates the production of a mode of formalization, which the author terms sub-formalization. This mode is characterized by severe deviation from professional and administrative norms, both in methods and outcomes, and usually results in inferior solutions and irregular arrangements for challenging informality. In sub-formalization, modern rationality – which constructs planners’ professional authority – is eroded by powers from above and below. Therefore sub-formality represents a mutation of modern, rational, West-oriented planning, coming as a result of the encounter with informality and resistance in a way that blurs dichotomization between the formal and informal. In the context of an ongoing urban conflict, as in the case of East Jerusalem, sub-formality is also utilized by the state to maintain urban marginality and secure existing power hierarchies.
Informality and state theory: Some concluding remarks
Authors: Davis Diane E
Published: September 2016

Building on the comparative insights of this monograph issue’s contributors, this article offers a theoretical research agenda intended to transcend dichotomization and developmental divides. It argues that instead of a priori ascribing an undesirable normative character to informality, its presence should be seen as an opportunity for understanding the conditions under which multiple forms of claims-making, democracy, and justice will materialize. It further argues that informality serves as an under-explored but critical analytical point of departure for theorizing governance, citizenship, and social order. The article concludes with some thoughts on state theory and how informality provides a lens for conceiving of governance as a system of practices that link citizens, states, and markets, in turn providing a new way of categorizing similarities and differences across various state and developmental contexts.
Globalization, Work, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Schnall Peter L. , Dobson Marnie , Landsbergis Paul
Published: September 2016

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a global epidemic, is responsible for about 30% of all deaths worldwide. While mortality rates from CVD have been mostly declining in the advanced industrialized nations, CVD risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, have been on the increase everywhere. Researchers investigating the social causes of CVD have produced a robust body of evidence documenting the relationships between the work environment and CVD, including through the mechanisms of psychosocial work stressors. We review the empirical evidence linking work, psychosocial stressors, and CVD. These work stressors can produce chronic biologic arousal and promote unhealthy behaviors and thus, increased CVD risk. We offer a theoretical model that illustrates how economic globalization influences the labor market and work organization in high-income countries, which, in turn, exacerbates job characteristics, such as demands, low job control, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, and long work hours. There is also a growing interest in “upstream” factors among work stress researchers, including precarious employment, downsizing/restructuring, privatization, and lean production. We conclude with suggestions for future epidemiologic research on the role of work in the development of CVD, as well as policy recommendations for prevention of work-related CVD.
Uniformity in Local Government System and the Governance Model in Nigeria
Authors: Ikeanyibe Okey Marcellus
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the conceptual contradiction between a nationally uniform local government system as constitutionally provided in Nigeria, and, the principles of governance model that is presently believed to advance the course of service delivery in government. The paper argues that the straitjacketed constitutional provisions that require every state government to establish a patterned, uniform local government system, is conflict-generating, opposed to effective management and harnessing of local differences in a highly differentiated country like Nigeria, and averse to the multi-jurisdictional principle advocated by the proponents of the governance model. The focus of the paper therefore, is to investigate the extent the prescribed uniform system of local government hinders the application of the governance model that could advance the course of service delivery at the local level. The author suggests that contrary to the constitutional provisions on the nature of local government, which autonomy is not strongly protected by the constitution, the state governments should be allowed to determine the nature and structure of local governments in their domain to reduce the abuse of the local government system and entrench competitive local government practice. This will advance the greater use of local networks in local governance.
Analysis of driver fatigue causations based on the Bayesian network model
Authors: Gang Longhui , Song Xiaolin , Zhang Mingheng , Yao Baozhen , Zhou Liping
Published: September 2016

Driver fatigue is the major reason for severe traffic accidents. At present, the driver’s driving state evaluation, based on multi-source information fusion, has become a hotspot in the research field of vehicle safety assistant driving. The purpose of this paper is to build a Bayesian network model for driver fatigue causation analysis considering several visual cues, such as Percentage of Eyelid Closure over the Pupil over Time, Average Eye Closure Speed, etc. The proposed method was divided into three stages, that is, variables analysis, model structure design, and model parameter determination. Finally, the presented model and algorithm were illustrated with a simulation experiment and conclusions were inferred from the experiment data analysis.
How Should a Person Be (Transpersonal)? Ben Lerner, Roberto Esposito, and the Biopolitics of the Future
Authors: Vermeulen Pieter
Published: September 2016

This essay complements Roberto Esposito’s analysis of the political category of the person by outlining the role of literature, and especially the genre of the novel, in consolidating this category and allowing it to do its political and affective work. The essay shows how Ben Lerner’s 2014 novel 10:04 dismantles three central features of the traditional novel’s poetics of the person: its investment in the notion of literary character, its use of fictionality, and its structural reliance on the narrative future. Lerner’s novel, like Esposito’s biopolitical work, aims to overcome the hierarchical divisions within human life that are endemic to the category of the person and that have historically fostered biopolitical violence. Both projects intimate a less destructive politics—what Lerner calls “the transpersonal” and Esposito “the impersonal.”
Change in plasma volume and prognosis in acute decompensated heart failure: an observational cohort study
Authors: Hudson Sarah R , Chan Daniel , Ng Leong L
Published: September 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to develop an inexpensive, readily available prognostic indicator in acute decompensated heart failure patients to guide management and improve outcome. Prognostic biomarkers for heart failure exist but are expensive and not routinely performed. Increasing plasma volume has been associated with worse outcomes.

Setting

UK University Teaching Hospital.

Design

Observational Cohort study.

Participants

967 patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Methods

Haemoglobin and haematocrit were measured at admission and discharge and were used to calculate the plasma volume change using the Strauss-Davis-Rosenbaum formula.

Main outcome measures

Endpoints were death and the composite of death and/or heart failure hospitalisation. Change in plasma volume was added to ADHERE scoring to determine predictive value.

Results

During follow-up, 536 died and 626 died or were hospitalised with heart failure. Multivariable Cox models showed change in plasma volume was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.150 [1.031–1.283], p = 0.012) and death or heart failure hospitalisation (HR: 1.138 [1.029–1.259], p = 0.012). Kaplan–Meier analysis of change in plasma volume tertiles for outcome measures showed significant difference for the top tertile compared to the lower two. Multivariable analysis of change in plasma volume with ADHERE scoring showed change in plasma volume change remained an independent predictor of death (HR: 1.138 [1.026–1.261], p = 0.015) and death or heart failure hospitalisation (HR: 1.129 [1.025–1.243], p = 0.014).

Conclusions

Change in plasma volume over an admission can be used for prognostication and adds value to the ADHERE score. Change in plasma volume can be easily and inexpensively calculated from routine blood tests. Clinically, this may facilitate targeted treatment of acute decompensated heart failure patients at greatest risk.
More Polarized but More Independent
Authors: Twenge Jean M. , Honeycutt Nathan , Prislin Radmila , Sherman Ryne A.
Published: September 2016

In three nationally representative surveys of U.S. residents ( N = 10 million) from 1970 to 2015, more Americans in the early 2010s (vs. previous decades) identified as Independent, including when age effects were controlled. More in the early 2010s (vs. previous decades) expressed polarized political views, including stronger political party affiliation or more extreme ideological self-categorization (liberal vs. conservative) with fewer identifying as moderate. The correlation between party affiliation and ideological views grew stronger over time. The overall trend since the 1970s was toward more Americans identifying as Republican or conservative. Older adults were more likely to identify as conservative and Republican. More Millennials (born 1980-1994) identify as conservative than either GenXers or Boomers did at the same age, and fewer are Democrats compared with Boomers. These trends are discussed in the context of social identification processes and their implications for the political dynamics in the United States.
Mining opinionated product features using WordNet lexicographer files
Authors: Alrababah Saif A. Ahmad , Gan Keng Hoon , Tan Tien-Ping
Published: September 2016

Online customer reviews are an important assessment tool for businesses as they contain feedback that is valuable from the customer perspective. These reviews provide a significant basis on which potential customers can select the product that best meets their preferences. In online reviews, customers describe positive or negative experiences with a product or service or any part of it (i.e. features). Consumers frequently experience difficulty finding the desired product for comparison because of the massive number of online reviews. The automatic extraction of important product features is necessary to support customers in search of relevant product features. These features are the criteria that make it possible for customers to characterise different types of products. This article proposes a domain independent approach for identifying explicit opinionated features and attributes that are strongly related to a specific domain product using lexicographer files in WordNet. In our approach, N_gram analysis and the SentiStrength opinion lexicon have been employed to support the extraction of opinionated features. The empirical evaluation of the proposed system using online reviews of two popular datasets of supervised and unsupervised systems showed that our approach achieved competitive results for feature extraction from product reviews.
Affective Framing and Dramaturgical Actions in Social Movements
Authors: Ma Miranda L. Y.
Published: September 2016

With the increasing use of innovative and expressive dramaturgical actions in contemporary social movements, activists appeal to the public’s emotional and moral convictions so as to elicit action. This study aims to investigate how the affective framing process, composed of sensual–emotional dramaturgical actions, can unleash the mobilizing and consolidating forces in social movements. I seek to elaborate upon the cognitively confined framing perspective by expanding the theoretical discussion to include the affective dimension of framing. I explore these issues through the investigation of a resistance movement in Tsoi Yuen Village, a rural community in Hong Kong, in which people rallied against the demolition of their community to make way for a regional express railway connecting Hong Kong to China. Through this investigation, I argue that dramaturgical tactics employed in social movements enhance the affective mobilization and consolidation power of framing through the mediation of emotional and moral components.
Are entrepreneurial and market orientations of small and medium-sized enterprises associated with targeting different tiers of public procurement?
Authors: Tammi Timo , Reijonen Helen , Saastamoinen Jani
Published: September 2016

A general view is that small and medium-sized enterprises are underrepresented in public procurement due to their resource constraints. The recent literature suggests that small and medium-sized enterprises' strategic orientations could also have a role in the underrepresentation. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises tend to position themselves either towards national or wider level public sector customers or towards sub-national level public sector customers. This paper studies how strategic orientations, namely entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, affect small and medium-sized enterprises’ targeting of public sector customers, and how this affects their performance. Our findings show that market-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises tend to focus on sub-national level public sector customers, whereas entrepreneurially oriented small and medium-sized enterprises have more often national or wider level public sector customers. It also appears that higher performance is associated with national or wider level rather than sub-national level public sector customers. In consequence, more attention should be paid to the differentiation of public procurement markets in developing and refining policies aimed at increasing small and medium-sized enterprises participation in public procurement and at using public procurement as a means to strengthen small and medium-sized enterprises’ roles in promoting overall economic development.
How public libraries in Meru County, Kenya, address the business information needs of small-scale enterprises
Authors: Gichohi Paul M , Onyancha Omwoyo B , Dulle Frankwell W
Published: September 2016

The purpose of the study was to explore how public libraries in Meru County, Kenya, address the information needs of small-scale business enterprises (SBEs) in the region. It was carried out from 2013 to 2015. A quantitative approach and survey research design were adopted to collect data from SBE traders and staff from three public libraries in Meru County. The study found that the business information needs of SBEs are myriad, sector-specific and cut across all stages of business development. These needs are fulfilled by consulting informal information resources and places. The few SBEs traders who were using public libraries for business information expressed high levels of satisfaction. The study concludes that public libraries have facilitative and functional roles of providing business information to SBEs by collaborating with like-minded stakeholders. The study recommends symmetrical dissemination of business information and the re-positioning of public libraries as community development centers by providing value-based and sector-specific business information solutions.
A neurological perspective on the enhancement debate: Lessons learned from Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kehagia Angie A
Published: September 2016

Cognitive enhancement is signified by adaptive behavioural change following an intervention that targets the brain. Although much of the discussion and research into cognitive enhancement focuses on the effects of neural interventions in healthy individuals, it is useful to consider evidence from clinical populations. Diseases of the central nervous system represent the primary and richest source of evidence on the effects of brain manipulations, which are in the first instance therapeutic. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is used as a model for understanding the effects of pharmacological agents that target systems with a central role in cognition. The mixed outcomes of deep brain stimulation on cognition will also be discussed. By illustrating the psychopharmacological principle of diverse and malleable neurochemical optima for different cognitive functions, and the role of individual differences, it will be argued that the entire spectrum of cognitive effects in any one individual following any given manipulation, such as the administration of a drug, often includes enhancement as well as impairment. Predicting these effects represents a complex multivariate problem, and the accuracy of this predictive effort, as well as the harm prevention it connotes, is determined by our evolving understanding of the brain and cognition. A manipulation can be said to confer cognitive enhancement; however, it is argued that using the global term cognitive enhancer to refer to such a manipulation without qualification is of limited utility.