bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Computation of Natural Circulation in Large Boilers
Authors: Granet Irving
Published: July 2024

At present, many large capacity boilers are being built or are in the preliminary stages of design. At some phase of the design stage, the circulation characteristics of the unit must be determined in order to properly apportion riser and downcomer circuits. The simplest method of doing this would be to extrapolate the existing experimental data on similar units. However, boilers are usually built to a customer's specifications and in general no two units are made identical for the same set of operating conditions. Thus, in extrapolating, it is very possible to introduce serious faults in design because of the inapplicability of the extrapolated data. The technical data available in the literature contains many cases of overheating and subsequent failure of boiler tubes due to faulty and inadequate circulation.
The work of Munzinger in 1922 has been the basis of many papers written on the subject of the circulation of steam and water in natural circulation boilers. In order to obtain a workable solution, various assumptions as to the rate of heat absorption, friction coefficients, and the state of the mixture of steam and water were made. Since the appearance of this work, many excellent papers have been published on the mechanism of heat transfer and the mechanics of boiling. While much work been done and is being done on this subject, it is still not fully understood and remains a fertile field for further investigation. In order to fully develop the subject, this work has been divided into the following three sections:
1. A qualitative description of the mechanics of boiling, i.e., the change of water to steam in a vertical tube according to the latest available data.
2. The mathematical development of all the necessary equations needed to compute the circulation characteristics of a natural circulation boiler. This section also includes curves that have been developed to facilitate circulation computations.
3. A large "Twin Furnace" unit on which circulation tests were made is completely analyzed by means of both the equations and curves of Section II. In addition, two topics of interest are discussed in this section.
 
A comprehensive bibliography is to be found at the end of this work. It is hoped that this bibliography will be of use for further investigation in this field.
The Jury on Trial: Assessing the Impact of Courtroom Design and Juror Ideology on Defendant Guilt Perception
Authors: Cotten Ellie , Sivyer Lana , Spina Roy , Sharpe Benjamin T
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study investigated how courtroom design and jurors' ideological attitudes influence guilt perceptions and sentencing decisions, addressing a gap in research on their combined impact. Hypotheses: We predicted higher guilt likelihood and harsher sentencing for defendants in secure docks versus those at the bar table. We also expected higher ideological attitude scores to increase guilt likelihood and explored the interaction between ideological attitudes and dock conditions. Method: In a between-subjects design, 556 participants were randomly assigned to secure dock or no dock conditions. Online questionnaires measured ideological attitudes. Participants reviewed courtroom sketches and case summaries, then assessed guilt likelihood and suggested sentences. Results: Secure dock conditions resulted in higher guilt likelihood. Ideological attitudes partially influenced guilt likelihood. Dock condition significantly moderated the relationship between guilt likelihood and ideological attitudes, with a significant relationship only in the no dock condition. Conclusions: Findings highlight the complexity of juror decision-making and advocate for interventions to mitigate biases in legal proceedings. This research informs policy on courtroom design and addresses ideological attitudes' impact on juror perceptions, promoting fair legal outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the interplay between biases, courtroom dynamics, and legal decision-making.
A Selective Sampling Account of Forming Numerosity Representations
Authors: Vanunu Yonatan , Ratcliff Roger
Published: July 2024

Two leading models of numerosity judgments describe numerical representations as Gaussian distributions on a mental number line. The linear model posits that both numerosity and variability increase linearly with number, while the logarithmic model assumes logarithmic scaling with constant variability. In this study, we use the selective sampling account, which proposes that information is gathered selectively based on goals and available resources, to explore the cognitive processes underlying variations in variability and scaling. In intermingled displays of blue and yellow dots (B/Y task), participants relied on incomplete representations of dots positioned near the center, where spatial resolution is highest, leading to increasing variability with set size. In contrast, spatially separated displays (L/R task) facilitated more comprehensive sampling, resulting in approximately constant variability across set sizes. Behavioral patterns and modeling analyses suggest that linear and logarithmic scaling capture sensitivity differences shaped by the display format and spatial resolution demands. Eye-tracking data further support our account, emphasizing the role of selective attention in forming numerical representations and providing a unified framework for understanding variability and scaling across tasks.
Exploring online buying behaviours: Psychological insights from a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jha Neha , Karim Mani Abdul
Published: July 2024

The shift from traditional to online shopping is happening at an exponential rate. Numerous terms have emerged recently in the field, such as “impulsive purchasing,” “compulsive buying,” “compulsive consumption,” “impulsive spending patterns,” “revenge buying”, “panic buying,” and “shopping addiction”. The objective of this study is to understand the psychological perspectives associated with online buying. Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was the source of obtaining publication records from the year 1989 till 2024. Latest version of CiteSpace 6.3.R1 (64-bit) W software was used for mapping and bibliometric analysis. Document co-citation analysis (DCA), author co-citation analysis (ACA), and dual map overlay was analysed by using 813 records. Publication records indicate that a greater number of articles were published during the Covid-19 pandemic. Country network mapping found USA (252) with highest number of publications in the concerned domain. However, in institutional based analysis, it was found that the University of London (22) contributed the maximum number of publications. Author Muller, A (8) had contributed highest number of publications which are mainly focussed on shopping disorder. The largest five clusters, Cluster #1 online compulsive buying, Cluster #2 trust convenience, Cluster #3 state anxiety, Cluster #5 covid-19 pandemic, Cluster #6 Hong Kong were identified by DCA analysis. Keywords with strongest burst were mental health (5.81), community (5.59), purchase intention (4.44), disability (3.88), validation (3.82), risk (3.77), responses (3.74), performance (3.70), internet (3.64) and abuse (3.48), which were the indicators of emerging trend.
RL or not RL? Parsing the processes that support human reward-based learning.
Authors: Collins Anne
Published: July 2024

{Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have had tremendous success accounting for reward-based learning across species, in both behavior and brain. In particular, simple model-free RL models, such as delta-rule or Q-learning, are routinely used to model instrumental learning in bandit tasks, and they capture variance in brain signals. However, reward-based learning in humans recruits multiple processes, including high-level processes such as memory and low-level ones such as choice perseveration; their contributions can easily be mistakenly attributed to RL computations. Here, we investigate how much of RL-like behavior is supported by RL computations in a context where other processes can be factored out. Re-analysis and computational modeling of seven data sets spanning hundreds of participants show that in this instrumental context, reward-based learning is best explained by a combination of working memory and a habit-like associative process, with no RL-like value-based incremental learning. Simulations show that this combination nevertheless approximates the adaptive policy of a value-based RL agent, explaining why RL computations are mistakenly inferred when working memory is not parsed out. Our results raise important questions for the interpretation of RL as a meaningful process across brain and behavior, and call for a reconsideration of how we interpret findings in reinforcement learning across levels of analysis.
No Gender Difference in Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy: Potential Psychophysiological Contributors in Heartbeat Counting Task
Authors: Haruki Yusuke , Kaneko Kei , Ogawa Kenji
Published: July 2024

Gender differences in interoceptive awareness—awareness of internal bodily signals such as heartbeat perception—have been suggested, with some findings indicating behaviourally reduced but subjectively enhanced awareness in women, though these findings are still contentious. This study aimed to comprehensively examine gender differences in three aspects of interoceptive awareness: behavioural accuracy, subjective confidence, and relationship between them (i.e., metacognition). We used a modified heartbeat counting task that prohibited estimation strategies and increased the number of trials up to 20. Using data from 74 healthy young adults (39 women and 35 men), we evaluated gender differences and practice effects for each measure via Bayesian linear mixed models, controlling for individual heart rate and trial duration on a trial-by-trial basis. Contrary to previous research, the results revealed no reduced interoceptive accuracy in women; instead, higher interoceptive accuracy score was associated with shorter trial durations and lower heart rates regardless of gender. Moreover, women exhibited underconfidence about their performance, and therefore lower metacognition scores, compared to men. Trial repetitions moderated women’s lowered metacognition but did not affect accuracy or confidence. These findings highlight potential physiological and psychological confounding factors in the heartbeat counting task, such as heart rate and reporting style, and emphasize several cautions for studying gender differences in interoceptive awareness.
Medicine based on Symptoms: Improving Large Language Models to Answer Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: Dedhia Arnav
Published: July 2024

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become known for answering multiple different types of questions. However, these models give the wrong answer many times, and that may be a problem in cases where mistakes may cost lives. In this paper, I present ways to help increase the accuracy of multiple models based on the MedQA dataset. I have trained models on textbooks, Q&As, and prompts to have a fuller understanding of what methods work the best. These AIs in the field of Biomedics have a prominent future and are currently understudied. If LLMs can learn how to accurately answer multiple choice questions, they will be able to help people from all over the world, and all from home. With the methods explained in the paper, the accuracy of the model has increased over 15 percent with the highest being a model 55 percent accuracy. Overall, the MedQA dataset presents great challenges to multiple models, and I hope to use the dataset to provide a deeper understanding of the methods that can be used to increase the accuracy of LLMs.
Gold mineralization in the diaphthorites of the Verkhne-Timptonskiy ore district (Aldan-Stanovoy shield)
Authors: Loskutov E. E. , Fridovsky V. Y. , Tarasov Y. A.
Published: July 2024

In the Verkhne-Timptonskiy gold ore district, located where the Stanovoy and Aldan blocks intersect (Aldan-Stanovoy shield), substantial placer gold deposits have been found in the Gonam, Timpton, and Iengra rivers. The exploration of certain deposits in this area began at the end of the 19th century. Despite exploration efforts conducted in the second half of the 20th century, only minor gold ore findings were made, with uncertain links to greenstones and igneous formations from various periods. After conducting a thorough analysis of both existing and new data on the geology and metallogeny of the Verkhne-Timptonskiy gold ore district, we have concluded that gold occurrences in diaphthorites of the Kholodnikan belt display characteristic features of orogenic-type gold deposits. These features include disseminated pyrite and veinlet mineralization containing iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) sulfides, and sulfosalts. The near-ore alterations are represented by silicification, sericitization, carbonatization, and beresitization, characteristic of mesothermal fluid systems. Moreover, we identified common features of the geological structure and metallogeny of the Verkhne-Timptonskiy gold ore district and the Jiaodong province of the North China Craton. Thus, gold mineralization in the Verkhne-Timptonskiy gold ore district and the Jiaodong province is spatially associated with suture zones. In the Verkhne-Timptonskiy gold ore district, the Amga zone of tectonic melange in the Paleoproterozoic era was one of the regions where cratonization of blocks of the Earth’s crust occurred. Later, it became a zone of permeability and concentration of tectonothermal and metallogenic events of various ages. The results obtained will help assess the metallogenic potential of the Verkhne-Timptonskiy district and the Aldan-Stanovoy shield as a whole. They make it possible to increase the efficiency of search operations and focus on localizing research objects.
Oil-and-gas potential of the northeast Predpatom trough
Authors: Sivtsev A. I. , Timofeev N. G. , Meshcheryakov V. A.
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the geological structure and prospects of the oil and gas potential in the northeastern part of the Predpatom trough. The materials of the study included geological findings from deep drilling and data from direct geochemical studies conducted in recent years. It describes the specific features of the structural plans of the upper versus the lower part of the geological cross-section. It is assumed that deep drilling in the area of the Ulugur structure has not reached the target productive horizons in the autochthonous part of the section. After acquiring more recent seismic data, there is a proposal to drill a deeper exploratory well in the area. As another priority target for oil and gas exploration, a potential zone of Vendian clastic deposits wedging on the southwestern slope of the Suntar uplift has been identified. A forecast has been made for the distribution of lithological traps stacked with well-sorted granular Vendian reservoirs in the northern parts of the Ergedzheysky and Ulugursky license areas. In the allochthonous part of the section, the potential for oil and gas content in carbonate deposits from the Vendian and Lower Cambrian periods is highlighted in reservoirs formed by secondary processes. It is assumed that thrust deformations could lead to the circulation of aggressive solutions, resulting in the formation of secondary fractured cavernous reservoirs. Subsequently, hydrocarbon accumulations may migrate and accumulate within these reservoirs. Good gas prospects were also noted in the upper part of the section, where gas deposits were confirmed in newly discovered fields. The results of direct geochemical testing of the Ulugur and Ergedzheysky license areas are presented, enabling the preliminary delineation of promising zones and areas in the studied territory. At the same time, narrow elongated geochemical anomalies are associated with the prospects of the allochthonous part of the section, while isometric anomalies are linked to the autochthonous part of the section. The need to consolidate all available geological and geophysical information on the Pre-Atomic deflection within the framework of case studies is noted.
Technogenic transformation of the Lena River floodplain near Yakutsk and assessment of landscape disturbance
Authors: Surkov V. V. , Zavadsky A. S. , Tuzova E. A.
Published: July 2024

The Tuymaada Valley located in the Yakutsk region represents the most developed region within the Lena River fllodplain. Landscape studies conducted here between 2016 and 2022 revealed a significant level of technogenic transformation: 30.4 % of its sites showed a high and moderate degree of disturbance. The primary driver of landscape development was the transformation of forested areas into meadows due to centuries of grazing in the floodplain. The current trend in evolution involves replacing agricultural stows with residential ones, leading to an increase in mechanical disturbances to the landscape structure. Water protection dams have removed significant areas of the left bank floodplain from the flood zone. Consequently, some of its stows become swamped, while others transform into dry wastelands with low-value steppe meadows. Currently, at the investment justification stage, the issue of providing comprehensive protection for the entire left bank of the Tuymaada valley from the adverse effects of floods and inundations is under consideration. For its continued growth, it is essential to implement not just protective measures but also environmental and improvement measures for both existing and new urban, rural, and economic-technical zones on the developing technogenic terrace.
Application of remote sensing methods to assess the environmental situation in the upper Lena River basin
Authors: Savvinov G. N. , Makarov V. S.
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the problem of pollution in the Lena River caused by gold mining enterprises operating in its upper regions. It highlights the ongoing industrial exploitation of ore and placer gold deposits in five regions within the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts. The most large-scale development is carried out in the Irkutsk region, Buryatia, and Yakutia. Further intensification of gold mining activities will result in significant negative impacts on the ecosystems of the upper reaches of the Lena River basin. In this context, the potential applications of Sentinel-2 satellite data for assessing the ecological conditions of river systems in Yakutia are being explored. The most common water indices, NDTI, AMWI, and Harma, were used in this study. The indices were applied to analyze the area of the Vitim River mouth, which contains the highest concentration of active gold mining license areas in the basin. Test sites were allocated on the Vitim and Lena rivers, as well as on Lake Okhninskoye for control purposes. Water indices were analyzed using the ArcGIS software package, and statistical data processing was conducted in the MS Excel program. It is revealed that the best results for estimating surface water turbidity in the area of the Vitim River mouth are obtained using the AMWI index. Spatial regularities are demonstrated, and the seasonal dynamics of turbidity in the studied water bodies are analyzed. The proposed methodology using the AMWI index can be applied for operational assessment of the state of water bodies in Yakutia under conditions of active anthropogenic pollution. This can facilitate timely implementation of preventive environmental protection measures.
Paleoparasitological studies of the woolly mammoth (Mammutus primigenus (Blumenbach, 1799))
Authors: Andreeva M. V. , Pavlov I. S. , Vladimirov L. N. , Protopopov A. V. , Machakhtyrov G. N. , Machakhtyrova V. A.
Published: July 2024

Mammoth fauna found in the permafrost in Yakutia are usually well-preserved, with up to 90% of unique discoveries, including those with soft tissues and fossil animals with intact biological fluids. Despite the exceptional preservationconditions in the deep permafrost, the remains of woolly mammoth have not been used in paleoparasitological research. This article introduces the initial findings of a paleoparasitological investigation conducted on thawed samples obtained from a woolly mammoth. The research material consisted of the gastrointestinal contents of a woolly mammoth found in the Bulunsky district on the Bykovsky Peninsula in 2022. The mammoth’s remains were discovered in permafrost and were consistently frozen until sampling, maintaining their shape well. Traditional helminthological methods, such as native smear and the Fulleborn method, were used. For the first time, eggs and larvae of helminths from the Nematoda class, including the Ascaris eggs from the Ascaridata suborder, family Ascarididae Baird, 1853 were identified in frozen-thawed samples of the woolly mammoth. A total of 13 eggs were found, showcasing excellent preservation that allowed for visualization of eggs at various developmental stages and measurement of eggshell size and thickness. The diameter of the Ascaris eggs from the woolly mammoth (Mammutus primigenus (Blumenbach, 1799)) was 73.25 ± 1.47 microns, with a shell thickness of 4.10 ± 0.20 microns. Additionally, four varieties of whole larvae and larvae fragments of the Nemathelminthes type within the Nematoda class were identified for the first time. These discoveries contribute to our knowledge of ancient fossil animals parasites and require further exploration.
Adaptive changes in the fatty acid composition of Oxytropis scheludjakovae and Oxytropis strobilacea under temperature fluctuations during the growth season in Central Yakutia
Authors: Filippova G. V. , Androsova D. N. , Danilova N. S. , Prokopiev I. A. , Voronov I. V.
Published: July 2024

Although there is growing interest in understanding the mechanisms of plant adaptive resistance, there is still incomplete or missing information for many plant species. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the fatty acid composition in the vegetative and generative organs of two species belonging to the Oxytropis genus, namely O. scheludjakovae and O. strobilacea. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyze the qualitative and quantitative changes in fatty acids throughout the growing season. The plants were grown in the natural flora collection nursery at the Yakutsk Botanical Garden. The main fatty acids identified had carbon atoms ranging from 14 to 24. There were no significant differences in fatty acid composition between the endemic species O. scheludjakovae and the more widely distributed species O. strobilacea. The highest total fatty acid content (19.5 mg/g tissue) was observed in the leaves of O. scheludjakovae in June and in the leaves of O. strobilacea (17.0 mg/g tissue) in June and July. Palmitic acid was the primary saturated fatty acid in both species, while linolenic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid. The adaptation of these plants to temperature changes was reflected in the variation of unsaturated fatty acid content. O. strobilacea showed higher values of fatty acid unsaturation coefficient throughout the growing season compared to O. scheludjakovae.
Composition, structure and dynamics of poplar forests in the Lena Pillars National Park
Authors: Isaev A. P. , Gabysheva L. P. , Efimova A. P.
Published: July 2024

This article presents the findings from research conducted on poplar forests within the Lena Pillars National Park. Prior to this study, there had been no detailed research on the poplar forests in the park; only general characteristicsand brief descriptions of forest types were available. The article provides a comprehensive description of tree stands, analyzes the ecological structure of the flora in poplar forests, examines the dynamics of floodplain vegetation, and traces the succession series in the floodplains of the Buotama, Kuranakh, and Labyya rivers within the National Park. At different stages of development, the forests formed by the poplar tree stand are serial (temporary) types, naturally progressing from rare-herb association, mix herb + Equisetum pretense + Calamagrostis langsdorffii (in young poplar stands) → mix herb + shrubs (middle-aged stands, ripening stands) → tall herb + shrub associations with spruce and larch (in ripening, and overmature forests). As the floodplain emerges, the development of poplar forests inevitably transitions to being replaced by coniferous forests. When the overmature poplar tree stand collapses, spruce and larchspruce and birch forests form in its place. Poplar forests in the Lena Pillars National Park are characterized by high productivity; forest stands develop according to Bonitat classes 3-4. Research on the taxation of poplar forests has allowed for the evaluation of the interdependence of different morphometric traits of poplar trees. The correlation has verified the existence of consistent relationships between specific tax indicators. The findings from the study will contribute to understanding the plant life and vegetation in Lena Pillars National Park and the poplar forests of Yakutia. This data can be used to evaluate how the vegetation in the park’s poplar forests may change in the future.
Modeling of ice-matrix composite fracture
Authors: Lepov V. V. , Dyachkovsky I. I.
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the results of a study that used the structural approach to conduct multiscale modeling of composite materials. These materials are composed of an ice matrix that has been enhanced with high-strength basalt fibers. The research involved numerical modeling to analyze the fracture process of composite materials made by freezing fresh water with added basalt fibers. The analysis included experimental data from samples of pure ice and composites with different amounts of filler. The effective modulus of elasticity of the composites was determined by considering the quantity of basalt fiber reinforcement. The discrepancy between the strength obtained by finite element complex ANSYS numerical calculation and the experimental data was revealed by a series of macroscopic test calculations of the composite material sample, according to which the effective modulus of elasticity of the composite was recalculated and corrections were introduced into the Voight and Reuss models, taking into account the non-uniform distribution of the fibers and the non-ideal adhesion between the fibers and water ice. A stochastic model of crack growth at the micro level was also used with the data on the diameter and length of basalt fibers and their random distribution in the layers of the composite material. Using the newly acquired effective elastic moduli and the SmartCrackGrowth algorithm, a satisfactory agreement of the crack growth rate with the obtained by stochastic calculation was achieved. The refined method of effective elastic moduli and multilevel model of stress-strain state calculation of composite materials are recommended for assessing the strength of ice cover and designing winter roads with high load-bearing capacity and long operational duration in the Arctic and Subarctic environments.
الاستثمار في سندات الخزانة وتأثيره على الاقتصاد الكلي مع اشارة لتجربة المملكة العربية السعودية للمدة (2004-2019)
Authors: عذراء جميل منشد  , أ.م.د.أحمد صبيح عطية
Published: July 2024

يعد الاستثمار في سندات الخزانة مفصلاً مهماً من مفاصل الاقتصاد، من خلال تطبيق اليات نجاحه للوصول للأهداف المنشودة منه في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي، مما يمثل البحث رافداً لمعرفة مفهوم ومدى تأثير هذا الاستثمار على الاقتصاد الكلي في المملكة العربية السعودية والاستفادة من تجاربها ومن ثم عدم الوقوع بالنتائج السلبية، وقد تم اختيار هذا الموضوع على وفق هذه الأهمية، إذ تعد الحكومة اداة الاسترشاد عند وضع السياسات الاقتصادية بصورة عامة والسياسة المالية بصورة خاصة، من خلال اللجوء الى اصدار سندات الخزانة، وينطلق البحث من فرضية مفادها ان الاستثمار في سندات الخزانة من شأنه ان يكون اداة من الادوات المالية والنقدية لدى الحكومة في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي، ولبيان علاقة الاستثمار بسندات الخزانة و السلوك الاستهلاكي والادخاري للافراد ومعدلات التضخم خلال فترة الدراسة، ومعرفة مدى التأثير بينهما .
الاقتصاد من الخطية نحو الدائرية : الصين أنموذجاً
Authors: رافع احمد حسن  , أ.م.د.أنور محسن صكب
Published: July 2024

ادى النمو السريع للتصنيع في الصين على مدى الأربعين عاماً الماضية أو نحو ذلك إلى المزيد من التلوث البيئي واثارة المخاوف بشأن زيادة النفايات واستنزاف الموارد ونظراً لتفاقم التحديات البيئية والاخذة بالتصاعد مع التوسع في النشاط الاقتصادي للصين لاسيما القطاع الصناعي ،فان المتتبع للبصمة البيئية للصين يجد انها في اتساع مستمر، وكنتيجة لذلك وتحت ضغط التلوث البيئي  واستنزاف الموارد الطبيعية، والسعي وراء حياة عالية الجودة لمواطنيها ، عـدلت الصين سياساتها البيئية للسماح بالانتقال من الاقتصاد الخطي وهو اقتصاد التبذير والتلوث وكثيف الانبعاثات الى اقتصاد دائري صديق للبيئة، من خلال تحسين كفاءة استخدام الموارد وتقليل التلوث والانبعاثات والاستفادة القصوى من دورة حياة المادة ، وعليه سنحاول رصد عملية الانتقال هذه وتحديد القطاعات المستهدفة ومدى تأثرها بعملية التحول من حيث استدامة الموارد وكفاءة استخدامها.
نظم المعلومات المحاسبية ودورها في ترشيد القرارات الأدارية
Authors: م.م سنان سالم قاسم حسين
Published: July 2024

ان نظام المعلومات المحاسبية نظام فرعي لنظم المعلومات الأدارية في الوحدات الأقتصادية ، و كل نظام من هذه الأنظمة الفرعية ذات صفة رسمية يخدم مراكز إتخاذ القرارات ، و يمثل هذا النظام قاعدة المعلومات في الوحدة ، والتي تكون على استعداد دائم لأمداد كافة الأدارات بأحتياجاتها من المعلومات المختلفة في الوقت المناسب و بالشكل المطلوب ، و ترتبط مخرجات هذا النظام ( المعلومات ) بالماضي و الحاضر و المستقبل ، كما ان هذا النظام يهدف الى خدمة كافة مراكز اتخاذ القرارات داخل و خارج الوحدة . و يعد نظام المعلومات المحاسبية نظام كلي لمجموعة الأنشطة التي هي اقل منه بالمستوى و المشتملة على نظام المحاسبة المالية ، نظام محاسبة التكاليف ، نظام الرقابة الداخلية . و التي تعمل مترابطة مع بعظها و متناسقة بهدف انتاج و توليد المعلومات المحاسبية و ضمان تدفقها بأسلوب فعال طبقاً لحاجة مستخدميها . و ان للنظام المحاسبي بعداً بارزاً في ترشيد القرارات لأنها تعمل على تنظيم و عرض تلك البيانات بما يكشف للظواهر الاقتصادية المحيطة بالوحدة ، حيث تزود الإدارة بالمعلومات التي تُساعد على إتخاذ القرارات عن طريق أستخدام الوسائل العلمية المختلفة و المتطورة لإظهار العلاقات السليمة بين المتغيرات المحاسبية و الأدارية المختلفة في الماضي و الحاضر و المستقبل طالما ان المحاسبة تأخذ في حسبانها القيمة الحقيقية و القيمة التقديرية للأحداث المالية . لذلك يتضح أهمية دور المعلومات المحاسبية في تقديم بيانات و معلومات لها اهميتها القصوى بالنسبة للأدارة من خلال نظم المعلومات المحاسبية ، لأن إحدى الوظائف الأساسية للأدارة هي إتخاذ قرارات تحدد مسار التحرك في الأجل القصير ، و في الأجل الطويل ، و انتهى البحث الى مجموعة مفيدة من النتائج و التوصيات.
Data mining and its effects on the accounting and auditing profession: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: L.Hussein Ali Mohaisen  , L.Dr.Thamer Kadhim Al-Abedi  , L.Osama Abdulsalam Jothr
Published: July 2024

As a result of recent developments in information technology, and given what accounting represents as a tool for providing and communicating information to the beneficiary parties, it has become necessary for them to keep abreast of developments in information technology and benefit from its tools. And think about it critically to measure its impact, and the main method was to review the literature that dealt with the accounting and auditing aspects, as the scope of the "literature review" was limited to studies related to the subject of the study during the period from 2011 to 2022, The focus was more on Arab studies that dealt with this subject. The study concluded that the (DM) method is of great importance in developing the accounting & auditing aspect through the use of (DM) methods and tools because of their importance in revealing knowledge and shortening time and effort, in addition to predicting companies’ performance and estimating and discovering surrounding risks, which contributes to solving problems and helping In making appropriate decisions, the study recommended the necessity of adopting (DM) methods and tools as a tool for auditing customs operations and electronic payment operations, as they are accompanied by many problems and the lack of clarity of the control measures taken in them in the Iraqi environment.
IVAN GROZNY VOLCANO (ITURUP ISLAND, KURIL ISLANDS): MATERIAL COMPOSITION OF ERUPTION PRODUCTS AND CURRENT ACTIVITY
Authors: Zharkov R.V. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, Bergal-Kuvikas O.V. , Degterev A.V. , Romanyuk F.A. , Borisovsky S.E. ,   Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, RAS,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the RAS,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the RAS,   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposit, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS
Published: July 2024

The paper presents summary data on the historical activity of Ivan Grozny volcano (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands), including the results of our own studies of solfatar-hydrothermal and eruptive activity of the volcano since 2004. Using modern analytical methods, we obtained data on the chemical composition of the volcano rocks and pyroclastics of the explosive eruption in 2012–2013. The composition of the volcano rocks varies from andesites to daciandesites of medium potassium series. Pyroclastics of the 2012–2013 eruption corresponds to andesites with medium potassium content in terms of bulk chemical composition. The material composition of glasses according to microprobe data is much more acidic. The obtained values are similar to the geochemical compositions of the products of the 1973 and 1989 eruptions. Taking into account the prevailing wind regime dominating in the central part of Iturup Island, the hazard from ash fall of probable future eruptions of Ivan Grozny volcano was assessed, indicating the predominant spread of ash in the north-western, western and south-western directions.
Daʿwah through Documentary Films Produced by Malayan Film Unit (MFU) and Filem Negara Malaysia (FNM), 1957-1970
Authors: Gunaish Chellitda Farhana , Abdullah Mohd Firdaus , Mokhtar Saifulazry , Abd Wahab Norazilawati , Tahir Azian
Published: July 2024

This research aims to find out the role of documentary films produced by the Malayan Film Unit (MFU) and Filem Negara Malaysia (FNM) as a daʿwah medium in Malaysia and abroad from 1957 to 1970. The Department of Information Service and the Federation of Malaya Government collaborated with the Islamic Department of Malaya and the Islamic Department of Brunei to use MFU and FNM documentary films to develop an Islamic Malay community, which adhered to the actual teachings of Islam, during that time.  Findings indicated that these documentary films by MFU and FNM were the early medium of daʿwah in the Federation of Malaya after the independent. It also indicates that the Federal Government, together with the relevant agencies, is responsible for Islamic religious affairs in the country during the specified period.
О ДРЕСС-КОДЕ БИБЛИОТЕЧНОГО СПЕЦИАЛИСТА
Authors: Ezova Svetlana Andreevna ,   FSBEI HE «East Siberian state Institute of culture»
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the results of several studies about the dress code in-troduction in the libraries published in the national press. The experience of introducing a dress code in some libraries of Buryatia and Yakutia (Sakha) is highlighted. The practice of teaching the students - future librarians the dress code at East Siberian state institute of culture is considered. The author’s re-flections, observations, and conclusions on the subject matter of the publica-tion are presented.
Crisis communication in the context of students' adaptation to study conditions during the war
Authors: Kushneryk Maxym
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of students' crisis communication in the context of their adaptation to the conditions of education during the war. War must be seen in the context of the problem of collective action (and therefore of collective trauma) because it consists of many elements necessary for coalitional aggression (both offensive and defensive). If the war has been going on for a long time, and the current Russian-Ukrainian one has been almost 10 years old, and at the same time it has been full-scale for more than two years, which is long enough in the context of analyzing the impact of various wars on the psychological state of people, in particular young people, students, it makes sense to talk about the need to adapt to the conditions military extremism and the development of effective communication methods that contribute to this adaptation. The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of crisis communication in the context of students' adaptation to studying in war conditions. We diagnosed the severity of PTSD symptoms in combatants using the PCL-M (F. Weathers), PCL-5 (T. M. Keane) PTSD questionnaires. The peculiarities of personal adaptation to the conditions of long wars, key aspects of crisis communication during extreme events, concepts of stress and trauma are determined. It has been proven that students are mostly characterized by a sufficient level of adaptability, their PTSD symptoms are mainly represented by intrusions and least of all by avoidance, under such conditions it is very necessary for them to develop the skills of effective crisis communication. In times of crisis, potential helpers take several considerations into account before providing assistance to a person. First, the situation is assessed: if the situation is perceived as serious and dangerous, people are more willing to help. Second, people have to decide how to help and how much of their own resources to spend on helping. Both processes (assessing the situation and choosing a course of action) can be supported by crisis communication, which, as a rule, is aimed at preventing or reducing the negative consequences of the crisis. However, people are generally not passive followers of crisis communication.
Comparative analysis of the organization works of the psychological service of the system education of Ukraine and Israel
Authors: Stetsenko Sofia , Krasiyev Denis
Published: July 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of the work experience of the school psychological service of Israel and Ukraine in order to study the current experience in providing assistance to schoolchildren, especially in the context of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine. Attention is focused on significant changes and transformations of the psychological service of the education system of Ukraine, which arose in the conditions of the war with the Russian Federation. The priority directions of the psychological service, its regulatory and legal support, content, purpose, functions of the psychological service employees of educational institutions (pre-school, general secondary, extra-curricular, specialized, professional (vocational-technical), vocational pre-university and higher) are disclosed. Normative, standard requirements for the professional qualification of psychologists in educational institutions in Ukraine and Israel are presented. The activity of the Association of Psychologists of Ukraine is characterized in comparison with the trade union Israeli Psychological Association. The study showed that Israel has a developed system of school psychology, experience of integration and interaction of the psychological and pedagogical service and educational institutions. Attention is focused on the work of the Council of Psychologists in Israel, which includes psychologists from various divisions of the Israel Psychological Association, universities and large employers (Ministry of Health, Education and Social Security). The biggest difference is the organization of the psychologist's systemic work in Israel, that is, work with the school as a system. A pedagogical psychologist does not belong integrally to the educational institution, but is administratively and professionally subordinated to external organizations.
In Israel, the experience of providing psychological assistance to schoolchildren, their parents and school employees in the conditions of an ongoing armed conflict, shelling of cities, in the case of casualties among the civilian population, including children, has been developed.
SECULAR BEHAVIOR IN THE GEOMAGNETIC DATA AT PERMANENTOBSERVATORIES IN ARGENTINA
Authors: Sallago P.A. ,   Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas – Universidad Nacional De La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/n – (1900) La Plata – Prov. Buenos Aires – Argentina
Published: July 2024

The secular variation of the geomagnetic field is the temporal variation that takes place in the field on time scales between few years to hundreds or thousands of years. On the other hand, impulses or ”geomagnetic jerks” indicate a rapid change in the slope of the secular variation. The origin of these phenomena is linked to the behavior of the geodynamo and the contribution of the outer mantle-core interaction.ROMP (acronym from spanish “ Red de Observatorios Magnéticos Permanentes”) is composed by the following observatories: ”Las Acacias ”(LAS) at Buenos Aires,” Trelew ”(TRW) at Chubut,” Pilar ”(PIL) at Córdoba and ”Orcadas”(ORC) at the Argentine sector in Antartic; the first two depend on the National University of La Plata and the latter on the National Meteorological Service. In the present work one analyzes the secular variation and the determination of jerks in the geomagnetic elements recorded at the ROMP stations, in historical times up to the present.
ANALISA TINGKAT KECEPATAN RESAPAN AIR DENGAN METODE PIPA RESAPAN HORIZONTAL UNTUK MENGATASI GENANGAN PASCA HUJAN DI KELURAHAN SADENG GUNUNGPATI SEMARANG
Authors: Widiatmoko Kukuh Wisnuaji , Mahmud Faizal , Ahmad Fahrudin
Published: July 2024

Pipa Resapan  merupakan salah satu cara untuk mempercepat daya serap air yang ada di permukaan tanah, dengan membuat lubang-lubang berdiameter tertentu secara horizontal, Merujuk pada UU No. 26 Tahun 2008. Zonasi untuk daerah aliran sungai disiapkan dengan mempertimbangkan penggunaan ruang yang terbatas untuk kegiatan pertanian yang belum dikembangkan yang memiliki kapasitas retensi tinggi untuk aliran air hujan.diharapkan melalui penelitian ini agar dilaksanakan supaya konservasi sumber daya air dengan cara sederhana dan biaya yang terjangkau, dengan cara membuat pipa resapan horizontal. Prinsip pengoperasian pipa resapan horizontal adalah air hujan yang jatuh mengalir melalui atap menuju talang dan mengalir melalui pipa menuju lubang resapan, sehingga air lebih lama berada di permukaan bumi. Berdasarkan jenis tanah pada lokasi pengamatan terhadap volume air pada kedalaman lubang 30 cm, 60 cm dan 90 cm dalam jangka waktu 7 menit pertama, kedua dan ketiga. Dari percobaan yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil jika lubang resapan lebih dalam maka volume tampungannya serta tekan air semakin besar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap kedalaman air mempunyai sifat yang sama. Tetapi waktu peresapan air pada tanah liat lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan peresapan pada tanah lempung berliat.
ВПЛИВ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ НА ФІЗИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ШКОЛЯРІВ З ВАДАМИ СЛУХУ В ПРОЦЕСІ АДАПТИВНОГО ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ
Authors: Ричок Тетяна
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Correcting the physical development of students with hearing impairments requires an individual approach and the use of specialized methods and tools. Each student with hearing loss may have unique needs and capabilities. Therefore, it is important to create individualized physical education programs that take into account the specific limitations and capabilities of each student. It is important to develop and implement innovative approaches for children with hearing impairments that would have an impact on the physical development of schoolchildren along with the correctional and health-improving orientation of the entire process of adaptive physical education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and implement an innovative methodology of adaptive physical culture for the correction of physical development of children with hearing impairments in the process of adaptive physical education. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalisation of scientific literature data, sociological research methods, somatometric and physiometric research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The developed algorithm consisted of comparing two groups of 15-year- old schoolchildren with hearing impairment (boys (n=14), girls (n=12)) (control and experimental groups). Difference of content of classes in two groups of pupils was in means and methodical approaches to solution of correctional tasks in the process of physical education. In the first group, all training sessions were conducted in accordance with the physical education programme.    In    the    second    group,    the methodology of correction of physical development included the following forms of training: exercises of different structure and focus to improve physical development indicators; increasing the level of functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; balancing the psycho-emotional state (correctional games, tourist training skills, various types of health and recreational physical activity, improving the development of fine motor skills, exercises aimed at correcting and lagging behind in physical development), as well as an innovative program developed taking into account the needs and capabilities of children with hearing impairments. The innovative programme contained interactive exercises, included video tutorials with subtitles, games and tasks that can stimulate physical development, coordination and joint interaction.Conclusions. As a result, the implementation of the proposed methodology is confirmed by positive changes in the level of physical activity, improvement of general health and correction of physical development in the process of adaptive physical education of schoolchildren with hearing impairments.
Robot-assisted, CT-guided placement of responsive neurostimulator system with bilateral centromedian thalamus depth electrodes for multifocal intractable epilepsy
Authors: Abdulrazeq Hael , Feler Josh , Kimata Anna R. , Asaad Wael F. , Malik Athar N.
Published: July 2024

The responsive neurostimulator system has become increasingly popular in the surgical management of refractory epilepsy, with targeting of various thalamic nuclei showing promising results in select patients. A 42-year-old female presented for evaluation of refractory epilepsy consisting of generalized tonic-clonic and focal seizures with preserved awareness. Phase I and II monitoring suggested multifocal bilateral epilepsy with bilateral frontal onset, and the patient underwent robot-guided bilateral centromedian thalamic placement of the RNS System. In this operative video, the authors share their institutional experience and protocol utilizing the ExcelsiusGPS robot in the placement of the RNS System in the thalamus.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID243
Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation
Authors: Dannhoff Guillaume , Fumagalli Luca , Ferrand-Sorbets Sarah , Dorfmuller Georg , Quirins Marion , Bourdillon Pierre
Published: July 2024

Within the neurosurgeon’s armamentarium, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)–guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) is an elegant tool to manage epilepsy in selected cases. This technique can 1) be curative when targeting small-volume ictal onset zones, 2) be used as a diagnostic tool by observing the consequences of coagulation on seizures or by recording the epileptic network in SEEG, and 3) offer palliative treatment through multiple lesions within a wide epileptic network. It is performed on awake patients, under continuous neurological evaluation, while monitoring impedance, time, and energy delivered. It could offer highly favorable outcomes in some cases, as in periventricular nodular heterotopia where 81% of patients are responders.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.4.FOCVID2442