bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DILEMA POLITIK LUAR NEGERI AUSTRALIA DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI DAN PENCARI SUAKA
Authors: Maing Skolastika G. , Kaukab M. Elfan
Published: February 2021

Australia merupakan salah satu negara yang menandatangani Konvensi Pengungsi Tahun 1951 sehingga mewajibkan Australia menerapkan prinsip Non-Refoulement dan mengharuskan Australia bersikap simpati dan membuka wilayahnya untuk pengungsi dan pencari suaka dari negara lain. Tulisan ini membahas perkembangan kebijakan politik luar negeri Australia yang semakin sensitif terkait penanganan pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Kebijakan yang menerapkan prinsip Non-Refoulement kemudian berkembang menjadi kebijakan sekuritisasi migrasi. Dilema kebijakan ini terkait karakteristik pemimpin nasional serta orientasi ideologis yang dianutnya. Pada umumnya Pendana Menteri dari Partai Buruh lebih progresif terhadap para pengungsi dan pencari suaka, dibandingkan kebijakan Perdana Menteri dari Partai Liberal yang konservatif. Australia juga sangat memperhitungkan dinamika lingkungan eksternal khususnya yang berkaitan dengan situasi keamanan regional di Asia Tenggara. Kebijakan Australia yang dianggap bertentangan dengan prinsip Non-Refoulement menuai banyak kritik dari dunia internasional.
Study on the tax culture and compliance with the obligations of the Arenales food market in the city of Ica [Estudio sobre la cultura tributaria y el cumplimiento de obligaciones mercado de abasto arenales de la ciudad de Ica]
Authors: Quispe Mayuri Alejandro Alfredo , Gutierrez Anchante Edward Wilfredo , Maldonado Bendezú Leonidas Alejandro
Published: February 2021

This article deals with the study of the tax culture of the Arenales food market merchants in the city of Ica and how it affects compliance with obligations. The study seeks to strengthen the tax culture; which is understood as the set of values, beliefs and attitudes shared by a social group in relation to taxation, important factors that lead to constant compliance with tax obligations, in addition, it seeks that people assimilate knowledge about the subject matter and understand the importance of your tax responsibilities. It is concluded that the tax culture has a significant impact on the tax obligations of the Arenales food market merchants. In addition, a low level of tax culture is perceived that adversely affects compliance with tax obligations, these aspects occur because there is a deficient knowledge of tax management; where 53.0% state the lack of training. There are also serious deficiencies in relation to tax habits; where 58.9% express that they do not make their timely tax payments. And also a deficient tax awareness, where 50.3% do not issue payment vouchers, aspects that limit compliance with their tax obligations.
Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Carbosilane Dendrimers with Cyclosiloxane External Shells
Authors:   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 70, Moscow, 117393 Russia, Katarzhnova E. Yu. , Ignatyeva G. M. ,   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 70, Moscow, 117393 Russia, Kalinina A. A. ,   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 70, Moscow, 117393 Russia, Talalaeva E. V. ,   Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya 70, Moscow, 117393 Russia, Tereshchenko A. S. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: February 2021

The hydrosilylation of polyallylcarbosilane dendrimers with hydride-containing six- and eight-membered dimethylcyclosiloxanes affords a series of hybrid carbosilane–siloxane dendrimers featuring different densities of the surface cyclosiloxane layers, while retaining all other molecular parameters. The main physicochemical constants of the resulting dendrimers are defined. The possibility of functionalization of these dendrimers by the opening of cyclosiloxane structural moieties in the external shell is demonstrated by the example of the zero-generation dendrimer bearing heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane terminal groups.
ALI LAHkO PROCES PROFESIONALNEGA VOJAŠkEGA IZOBRAžEVANJA USTVARI VOJAŠkE STRATEGE?
Authors: PEŠEC MOJCA , KREK UROŠ
Published: February 2021

Novembra 2011 je na Poveljstvu za doktrino, razvoj, izobraževanje in usposablja- nje potekalo 5. redno srečanje Foruma centralnih evropskih držav o vojaškem izo- braževanju (Central European Forum on Military Education – CEFME). Osrednja tema posveta je bila izobraževanje vojaških strategov. Na srečanju so sodelovali visoki predstavniki s področja vojaškega izobraževanja iz devetih srednjeevropskih držav in predstavnik zveze Nato. Osrednja referata sta pripravila Uroš Krek, preda- vatelj predmeta vojaška strategija v generalštabnem programu Slovenske vojske, in polkovnica Mojca Pešec. V nadaljevanju avtorja predstavljata poglede na programe izobraževanja vojaških strategov v Sloveniji s teoretičnega in praktičnega vidika in utemeljujeta potrebo po intenzivnejšem in kakovostnejšem študiju strateške teorije za učitelje in študente predmeta vojaška strategija, nujnost oblikovanja celovitega programa učenja strategije z vidika izbora udeležencev in predavateljev ter potrebo po postavljanju dosegljivih ciljev, ko gre za časovni obseg in določanje vsebin programa. In November 2011, the 5th regular meeting of the Central European Forum on Military Education (CEFME) was convened at the Doctrine, Development, Education and Training Command. The central theme of the conference was military strategist training. The meeting brought together senior military education representatives from nine Central European countries, and a represen- tative of NATO. The two central papers were prepared by Uroš Krek, military strategy lecturer in the Slovenian Armed Forces General Staff Programme, and by Colonel Mojca Pešec. In their article, the authors present views on education programmes for military strategists in Slovenia from the theoretical and practical point of view, and substantiate the need for more intensive and better quality strategic theory study programmes for military strategy teachers and students. They also define the need for developing a comprehensive programme of learning the strategy in terms of selection of participants and lecturers, and the need for setting up achievable targets when it comes to time frame and the determination of programme subjects.
SMERNICE RAZVOJA OBVEŠČEVALNO- VARNOSTNE DEJAVNOSTI 21. STOLETJA
Authors: HENIGMAN ŽARKO , RODE ANŽE
Published: February 2021

Republika Slovenija in njena obveščevalno-varnostna dejavnost sta vpeti v medna- rodno okolje. Spremembe v njenem strateškem in varnostnem okolju ter nalogah obrambnega sistema in zahteve po hitrem prenosu ter posredovanju informacij zahtevajo temeljito analizo procesov v obveščevalno-varnostni dejavnosti. Obveščevalno-varnostna dejavnost na obrambnem področju ima pomembno mesto v vodenju vodilnih političnih struktur in vojaških oseb. S ciljem racionalne organi- zacije in posredovanja pravočasnih ter kakovostnih informacij podajamo smernice za njen nadaljnji razvoj. Smernice za razvoj obveščevalno-varnostne dejavnosti temeljijo na podlagi zgo- dovinskorazvojne, kvalitativne in primerjalne analize umestitve, delovanja in orga- niziranosti obveščevalno-varnostne dejavnosti v Natu in slovenskem obrambnem resorju. V članku je analizirana obveščevalno-varnostna dejavnost v obdobju od osamo- svojitvene vojne in začetka profesionalizacije Slovenske vojske do današnjih dni. Analizirani so pravne podlage in procesi dela na vseh ravneh. The Republic of Slovenia and its intelligence and security activities are strongly connected to the international environment. The changes in strategic and security environment and defence system tasks, as well as the demands for high speed tran- smission and provision of information thus require a thorough analysis of intelligen- ce and security processes. Intelligence and security activities in the field of defence have an important place in the management of leading political structures and military personnel. We therefore offer guidelines for their future development so that rational organisation and provision of timely and quality information could be provided. The guidelines for the development of intelligence and security activities are based on the historical development, qualitative and comparative analysis of the placement, functioning and organisation of intelligence and security activities in NATO and Slovenian defence sector as such. The article provides the analysis of intelligence and security activities in the period between the War for Independence and the beginnings of Slovenian Armed Forces professionalization, and today, whereby all legal bases and work processes at all levels have been analysed.
THE ROLE AND USE OF THE ARMED FORCES IN THE FUTURE
Authors: DANILA STEFAN
Published: February 2021

The current challenges of the contemporary operational environment determine not only the establishment of a force structure having the necessary high engagement and sustainment capacity (including logistics), but also the allocation of ISTAR capabilities to support the fulfilment of assigned missions and the achievement of desired effects by the armed forces. Their support will be permanently adapted to the specificity of the operations in which they will be engaged, focusing on commonali- ty, interchangeability, interoperability and integrated functioning within multinatio- nal structures, depending on the way they will be organised, the deployment site, the climate, their sustainment capability in conflict areas and the legal institutionalised framework set up by the international organisations that will conduct those missions.
VLOGA IN UPORABA OBOROŽENIH SIL V PRIHODNOSTI
Authors: Dănilă STEFAN
Published: February 2021

Trenutni izzivi sodobnega operativnega okolja določajo ne le vzpostavitev strukture sil z nujnimi zmogljivostmi za visoko angažiranost in vzdrževanje (vključno z logistiko), temveč tudi dodelitev zmogljivosti ISTAR v podporo uresničevanja do- deljenih nalog ter doseganja želenih učinkov oboroženih sil. Njihova podpora bo nenehno prilagojena svojevrstnosti delovanj, v katera bodo oborožene sile vključene, poudarek pa bo na enotnosti, medsebojni zamenljivosti, povezljivosti in celostnem delovanju znotraj večnacionalnih struktur, odvisno od načina organiziranosti, mesta razmestitve, podnebja, zmogljivosti za vzdrževanje na območju konflikta ter pravnega institucionalnega okvira, ki ga določijo mednarodne organizacije, ki naloge izvajajo.
OBRAMBNA STRATEGIJA V HIERARHIJI STRATEŠkIH DOkUMENTOV S PODROČJA NACIONALNE VARNOSTI REPUBLIkE SLOVENIJE
Authors: VUK PAVEL , NACEVSKI SAŠO , VERTOVŠEK RENATA
Published: February 2021

Aktualna Obrambna strategija, ki jo je sprejela Vlada Republike Slovenije decembra 2001, je bila izdelana pred več kot desetletjem. Od takrat se je svet zelo spremenil. Dinamika in kompleksnost sodobnih varnostnih razmer sta v sodobnem svetu bistveno bolj prežeti z nepredvidljivostjo, izzivi in problemi, s katerimi se spopada današnji svet, od gospodarske krize prek podnebnih sprememb do boja proti terorizmu, pa so v medsebojni soodvisnosti in zahtevajo celovito razumevanje družbenih pojavov in procesov. Spremembe v mednarodnem varnostnem okolju pomembno vplivajo tudi na vsebino in dinamiko razvoja nacionalnovarnostnega sistema Republike Slovenije in znotraj njega tudi njenega obrambnega sistema.

V tem kontekstu je v prispevku posebna pozornost namenjena razumevanju sodobnih obrambnih strategij, mestu in vlogi Obrambne strategije Republike Slovenije v naci- onalnovarnostnem sistemu ter njenemu razmerju do hierarhično višjih in nižjih stra- teških dokumentov s področja nacionalne varnosti Republike Slovenije.

The current Defence Strategy adopted by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia in December 2001, was drafted over a decade ago. However, the world has changed significantly since then. The dynamics and complexity of the modern security situation have become much more unpredictable, while the challenges and problems encountered by today’s world, i.e. the economic crisis, climate changes, counterter- rorism etc., are interdependent and demand a comprehensive understanding of social phenomena and processes. The changes in the international security environment have an important impact on the contents and dynamics of the national security system development in the Republic of Slovenia including its defence system.
With this in mind, the article devotes special attention to the understanding of modern defence strategies, the place and the role of Defence Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia in the national security system and its relation to hierarchically superior and inferior strategic documents regulating the national security system of the Republic of Slovenia.
VLOGA FINANČNIH VIROV PRI UVELJAVLJANJU SODOBNE VARNOSTNE PARADIGME NA OBRAMBNEM PODROČJU V IZBRANIH DRŽAVAH
Authors: GARB GREGOR
Published: February 2021

Kompleksno varnostno okolje in izzivi sodobnega sveta, s katerimi se vsak dan srečujemo, predstavljajo rdečo nit članka, v katerem trdim, da se mora obrambni sistem kot del nacionalno-varnostnega sistema sodobne družbe nenehno prila- gajati izzivom okolja, v katerem deluje. Kajti le njegovo stalno prilagajanje mu namreč omogoča učinkovito odgovoriti na izzive, ki jih prinašajo s seboj procesi globalizacije, tudi na področju varnosti. Izziv predstavlja področje organiziranosti obrambnih sistemov in finančnih virov, ki zagotavljajo njihovo delovanje po posa- meznih državah. Omenjeno področje je namreč v državah različno urejeno oziroma so se države večinoma različno lotile organiziranja oziroma prilagajanja sistema na izzive sodobnega okolja. Uspešnost njihovega prilagajanja bo merljiva šele čez čas. Ker strateški in usmerjevalni dokumenti določajo tudi preoblikovanje obrambnega sistema Slovenije, je smiselno upoštevati tudi primere dobre prakse in pristope, ki so jih uporabile izbrane države. Kajti le s pravočasnim in celovito izvedenim preobli- kovanjem obrambnega sistema se bo zagotovila še učinkovitejša podpora obramb- nemu sistemu in v potrebnem obsegu tudi sistemu varstva pred naravnimi in drugimi nesrečami.

A complex security environment and the challenges of modern world encountered every day, represent the main theme of this article. I argue that the defence system, as part of a modern national security system, should continuously adapt to the chal- lenges of its operational environment. Only continuous adaptation will enable it to effectively respond to the challenges engendered by globalisation processes, also in the security domain. The organisation of defence systems and financial resources fa- cilitating their functioning in individual countries are a challenge. The regulation of this subject area varies from country to country, or better, the countries have adopted different ways to approach organisation and adaptation of the system to the challen- ges of the modern environment. However, the results of their adjustment will not be measurable until after a while. Since the strategic and guidance papers also define the transformation of the defence system of the Republic of Slovenia, it is sensible to consider the examples of good practice and the approaches adopted by selected countries. Only timely and comprehensive transformation of the defence system will provide a more effective support to the defence system and, to the desired extend, to the system of protection against natural and other disasters.
TRANSFORMACIJSkI IZZIVI ZA VARNOST NA SLOVENSkEM MORJU
Authors: ŽNIDAR IVAN
Published: February 2021

Sodobno varnostno okolje na morju je čedalje bolj večplastno, grožnje pa so nepred- vidljive in lahko povzročijo dolgotrajne posledice. Klasična in birokratska organiza- cija subjektov varnosti na slovenskem morju ne bo mogla dolgo slediti varnostnim izzivom. Ti zahtevajo nove pristope in oblike organiziranja za povečanje zmogljivo- sti ter učinkovitosti delovanja in racionalizacijo porabe javnih sredstev. Vsestranski pristop, sodelovanje in usklajenost ali pa celo integracija različnih služb varnosti na morju so nekateri odgovori na vprašanja sodobnega varnostnega okolja. Modern security environment and threats at the sea are increasingly complex, unpre- dictable and with possible long - term consequences. Classical, bureaucratic organi- zation of different safety and security services responsible for Slovenian Sea will no long be able to follow the modern security challenges. They require new approaches and forms of organization. The main aim is to increase capabilities, efficiency and ef- fectiveness of operations and at the same time to achieve rationalization in funding. A comprehensive approach, cooperation and coordination or even integration of the various sea safety and security services may be the answer to the modern security environment.
SISTEM ZNANSTVENE ANALIZE DRUŽBENEGA OkOLJA V PODPORO POVELJEVANJA
Authors: RUTAR BORIS
Published: February 2021

Zaradi okoliščin, v katerih so se znašle zahodne vojaške organizacije pri izvajanju po- konfliktnih operacij, je bilo nujno najti ustrezne načine obveščevalne priprave bojišča, ki bi zamenjali osredotočenost na nasprotnika z osredotočenostjo na prebivalstvo. Kot del širše reorganizacije in evolucije obveščevalne dejavnosti so oborožene sile ZDA uveljavile koncept družbene geografije, ki vključuje znanstvenike s področja druž- boslovja. Namen prispevka je predstaviti in osvetliti sistem znanstvene analize druž- benega okolja v podporo poveljevanja (HTS) in pomen družboslovnih znanosti ter poudariti vlogo sistema pri podpori bojnemu odločanju. Avtor predstavi dosežke in uporabnost sistema znanstvene analize družbenega okolja na primeru Afganistana ter sklene z ugotovitvijo, da je treba kljub očitnim pomanjkljivostim sistema nadaljevati njegov razvoj, še posebno z večjo udeležbo vseh držav članic Nata.

Due to the circumstances encountered by western military organizations when executing post conflict operations, the urgent need for more adequate intelligen- ce preparation of the battlefield arose, where the enemy-orientated intelligence should be replaced by a population-centric one. As part of a broad reorganization and evolution of the intelligence community, the US Armed Forces introduced the concept of Human Terrain System based on the active participation of social science academia. The aim of the article is to present the Human Terrain System and the im- portance of the social sciences, as well as to highlight its importance in support of military decision making. The author uses Afghanistan as a model to demonstrate the system’s results and utility. In the conclusion, he argues that, regardless of its obvious shortcomings, the development of the Human Terrain System should continue with special emphasis being put on greater involvement of all NATO member states
Approximation in weighted spaces of vector functions
Authors: Paltıneanu Gavriil , Bucur Ileana
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we present the duality theory for general weighted space of vector functions. We mention that a characterization of the dual of a weighted space of vector functions in the particular case $V \subset C^{+} (X)$ is mentioned by J. B. Prolla in [6]. Also, we extend de Branges lemma in this new setting for convex cones of a weighted spaces of vector functions (Theorem 4.2). Using this theorem, we find various approximations results for weighted spaces of vector functions: Theorems 4.2-4.6 as well as Corollary 4.3. We mention also that a brief version of this paper, in the particular case $V \subset C^{+} (X)$, is presented in [3], Chapter 2, subparagraph 2.5.
Dual cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of HTLV-1-encoded HBZ protein is a unique feature of adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: Forlani Greta , Shallak Mariam , Tedeschi Alessandra , Cavallari Ilaria , Marçais Ambroise , Hermine Olivier , Accolla Roberto S.
Published: February 2021

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), is a highly malignant T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), characterized by a poor prognosis. Two viral proteins, Tax-1 and HBZ play important roles in the pathogenesis of ATL. While Tax-1 can be found in both cytoplasm and nucleus of HTLV-1 infected patients, HBZ is exclusively localized in the cytoplasm of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers and patients with chronic neurologic disease HAM/TSP, and only in the nucleus of ATL cell lines, suggesting that the nuclear localization of HBZ can be a hallmark of neoplastic transformation. To clarify this crucial point, here we investigated in detail the pattern of HBZ expression in ATL patients. We made use of our monoclonal antibody 4D4-F3, that at present is a uniquely reported reagent, among the few described, able to detect endogenous HBZ by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in cells from asymptomatic carriers, HAM/TSP and ATL patients.

We found that HBZ localizes both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cells of ATL patients irrespective of their clinical status, with a strong preference for the cytoplasmic localization. Also Tax-1 localized in both compartments. As HBZ is exclusively localized in the cytoplasm in asymptomatic carriers and in non-neoplastic pathologies, this finding shows that neoplastic transformation consequent to HTLV-1 infection is accompanied and associated with the capacity of HBZ to translocate to the nucleus, which suggests a role of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation in HTLV-1-mediated oncogenesis
ANALYSES OF OSCILLATION PHASE NOISE BASIC ON CALCULATIONS OF MAXIMUM EXITATON LEVEL DIFFERENT CRYSTAL CUTS
Authors: Lepetaev A. N. , Lozhnikov A. O.
Published: February 2021

This paper discuss the method of determining the lower limit of noise crystal oscillator and the calculation of the noise for some common types of quartz resonators. The calculations make choise of optimal constructions of crystal.
RELATIONSHIP OF LOW-FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY WITH THE CONDUCTIVITY OF LOW-SALTED SAND SAMPLES
Authors: Bobrov P. P. , Belyaeva T. A. , Kroshka E. S. , Rodionova O. V.
Published: February 2021

The results of experimental measurements of the complex dielectric permittivity (CDP) of sand and powders of quartz granules saturated with a saline solution with a conductivity from 0 to 0.77 S/m are presented. The measurements were carried out at the frequencies from 1 kHz to 5 GHz. It is shown that in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 100 MHz, the dielectric characteristics can be modeled by three relaxation processes. The parameters of these processes are described by the Debye and Cole-Cole formulas. For two low-frequency processes, regression equations that relate the parameters of the processes with the specific conductivity of the samples at a frequency of 5 kHz are found. Using the obtained equations and the results of CDP measuring at a frequency of 1 GHz, the calculated CDP spectra of coarse sand samples were obtained. The average deviations of the calculated data from the experimental ones were from 10 to 30 %.
For the first time in Omsk: conference "Radiophysics, Photonics and Study
of the Properties of Matter"
Authors: Krivaltsevich S. V.
Published: February 2021

For the first time in Omsk: conference "Radiophysics, Photonics and Study

of the Properties of Matter"
INTERACTION OF SHORT-WAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
WITH SMALL-SCALE IONOSPHERIC INHOMOGENEITIES
OF THE POLAR IONOSPHERE
(part II)
Authors: Zhbankov G. A. , Danilkin N. P.
Published: February 2021

The results of a comparative analysis of the data of computational and field experiments reflecting the peculiarities of the impact of small-scale inhomogeneities of electron concentration in the Earth's ionosphere on the characteristics of radio wave propagation during vertical ground-based and satellite sounding of the ionosphere are presented. It has been proved that these inhomogeneities are the cause of noticeable distortions of traces in ionograms. The simulation results confirm the possibility of determining the degree of concentration change in a small-scale inhomogeneous structure from experimental data.
SOLAR ACTIVITY FORECASTING METHODS
Authors: Anishin M. M. , Plakhtiy A. D. , Ba М.
Published: February 2021

An overview of the currently used methods for forecasting solar activity is presented. The applicability of various forecasting methods is evaluated, their advantages and disadvantages are described. Practical recommendations are given on the use of the combined method as the most effective for making a forecast of solar activity.
Perfil higiênico-sanitário de um restaurante comercial no interior baiano
Authors: Souza Alana Oliveira , Passos Eduarda Vitória Batista , Gonçalves Maria Isabel Almeida , Coelho Railla Lima Lacerda , Silva Claudileide de Sá
Published: February 2021

É perceptível que o consumidor se preocupa com a qualidade e higiene das preparações alimentares, visto que existem algumas ocorrências de doenças transmitidas por alimentos em estabelecimentos que comercializam alimentos prontos. Com isso, o objetivo desse artigo é avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e o controle microbiológico de um restaurante localizado em Juazeiro-Ba. Para análise das condições higiênico-sanitárias do estabelecimento foi utilizada um checklist sobre boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos com base na RDC Nº216/2004 ANVISA, e classificação segundo a RDC Nº275/2002 ANVISA. Para análise microbiológica, foram coletadas amostra de água, carne frita e de salada crua, ambas prontas para consumo, amostras de superfície do apoio de corte e do liquidificador. As amostras foram avaliadas segundo análises microbiológicas para a contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli em sistema de análise Petrifilm Coliform Count Plate. Em relação às boas práticas de manipulação, o restaurante foi classificado como grupo 2 (56,5 % adequação). Já as análises microbiológicas apontaram contaminação na salada crua por Coliformes totais (3 x 10³ UFC/g), sendo estes incontáveis nas amostras de água, carne frita e liquidificador. O apoio de corte apresentou contaminação por Coliformes totais em níveis aceitáveis para superfícies. Torna-se notório a necessidade de um responsável técnico no local a fim de obter controle higiênico-sanitário adequado, o que poderia evitar a contaminação nos alimentos e superfícies.
A performance-based funding da educação básica no Brasil
Authors: Reginaldo Sidney Guerra , Xavier Antônio Roberto , Santana José Rogério , Vasconcelos José Gerardo , Santos Maria José Costa dos , Soares Neto Josaphat , Scipião Lara Ronise de Negreiros Pinto
Published: February 2021

As diretrizes da Emenda Constitucional n.° Emenda  Constitucional n.° 53  que deu uma nova  redação ao art. 60 do ato das disposições constitucionais transitórias (ADCT) criando o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação FUNDEB, tendo como meta, no período de sua vigência de 10(dez) anos, melhorar a qualidade da educação básica brasileira, com o apoio de todos os entes federativos. Porém os resultados apresentados pelo Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) revela que os investimentos na educação básica demonstra a falta de qualidade e a prática de se definir um projeto que traga resultados satisfatórios na performance-based funding dos nossos alunos. O presente artigo busca trazer uma reflexão sobre a perfomance dos alunos na educação básica, a partir dos resultados do PISA e os valores que foram investidos pelo (FUNDEB) na educação básica, permitindo, ao final, buscar novas possibilidades de melhoramento no desempenho dos alunos brasileiros nos diversos seguimentos educacionais. Para tanto, foram analisados descritivamente dados oficiais do governo no investimento na educação básica, utilizando de abordagens quanti-qualitativa, aplicando o método hipotético-dedutivo, recorrendo a uma forma descritiva concentrado no objeto do investimento na educação básica pelo FUNDEB.
Effect of the addition of brazilian red propolis extract in ground beef
Authors: Medeiros Neto Moisés Sesion de , Rodrigues Amanda Araújo , Rodrigues Maria do Socorro Araújo , Araújo Alfredina dos Santos , Silva Osvaldo Soares da , Freitas Pedro Victor Crescêncio de , Gregório Mailson Gonçalves , Medeiros Maria Lucimar da Silva , Feitoza João Vitor Fonseca , Sousa Bruno Jonatan
Published: February 2021

Meat has important nutritional characteristics for the diet, being a source of high biological value animal protein, and containing important vitamins for the organism. Ground beef is one of the most consumed meat products, which has an increased surface area, and also a high potential for inadequate storing conditions, which reinforces the relevance of innovative technologies for its preservation, such as the use of propolis – a highly diversified product with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, seen as a component capable of prolonging shelf life. This study evaluated the effects of the addition of Brazilian red propolis extract to ground beef as a natural antioxidant for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage at a temperature of 7 ºC. The physicochemical parameters of water, protein, lipids and ash content remained stable until the 14th day of storage, while the microbiological ones presented peaks of contamination by Coliforms at 35 and 45 ºC in the same period, however, the absence of Salmonella sp/25g in the meat analyzed, made it suitable for human consumption, thus confirming the effectiveness of using red propolis extract in its conservation.
Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Lavandula hybrida Grosso associado á cefalotina contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Santana Maria Tays Pereira , Santos Thallita Alves dos , Gomes Lucas Linhares , Alves Maria Angélica Sátyro Gomes , Nogueira Paula Lima , Dantas Maria Vitoria Oliveira , Silva Quemuel Pereira da , Medeiros Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades de , Rosendo Rosana Araújo , Anjos Raline Mendonça dos , Sousa Marcos Antônio Nóbrega de , Brito Júnior Luciano de , Guênes Gymenna Maria Tenório , Penha Elizandra Silva da , Almeida Manuella Santos Carneiro , Sousa Aleson Pereira de , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo busca avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial da Lavandula Hybrida Grosso quando associado ao antimicrobiano cefalotina contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus. O caráter antibacteriano do óleo essencial da Lavandula Hybrida Grosso foi quantificado e qualificado pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo para a obtenção da CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima). Em seguida, realizou-se a associação do óleo essencial com o antimicrobiano cefalotina (10 μg/mL). A CIM (Concentração Inibitória Minima) foi de 128 μg/mL para a cepa em análise. Quanto a associação, foi observado um efeito sinérgico ao se associar a cefalotina com o óleo essencial da Lavandula Hybrida Grosso. Portanto, observou-se um efeito sinérgico do óleo essencial de Lavandula Hybrida Grosso associado a cefalotina contra cepas patogênicas de S. aureus potencializando sua ação farmacológica antibacteriana. A aplicabilidade da fitoterapia a partir dos compostos provenientes das plantas medicinais se mostra promissora em relação ao tratamento de infecções de caráter bacteriano, colaborando de forma positiva e em conjunto com as terapias convencionais.
New cuts of bullfrog carcass and its application in asian gastronomy
Authors: Kiyoko Ide Laura , Seixas Filho José Teixeira de , Mello Sílvia Conceição Reis Pereira , Cafiero Joyce Tarsia Garcia
Published: February 2021

The consumption of bullfrog meat has been increasing in Brazil due to its nutritional quality and pleasant texture. The present study aimed to increase the percentage of use of the carcass marketed in the retail market, adding value, with the creation of new cuts in regions previously neglected and discarded, due to the small amount of muscle tissue. A new mapping was created aiming at its full use, in addition to the flank and thigh, innovative regions such as the front legs, hind paw muscles, located just after the thighs, and the last portion of the hind paw. On the back, the cuts called. Back bone and rib were, respectively, the central and peripheral bone parts of the carcass, used in broths and soups, as a technique to add value to these less used cuts in cooking. More elaborate meals were prepared with the thighs. For the valorization of the less noble parts, softening processes were used, by fast or slow cooking, these muscles being added to salads and fillings, respectively. The new cuts were used in the culinary techniques of Asian Gastronomy, being approved through sensory analysis carried out with Maifun salad, with a new version of the Tom Kha Gai soup, one with only bullfrog meat and the other with meat meal. and carcass bones (AABC); and introducing roasted Paris mushrooms in the fillings, providing a better use of the carcass, with a more digestive and hypocaloric menu with health promotion, when compared to traditional cuisine.
Relação entre funcionalidade e letramento funcional em saúde em pessoas idosas
Authors: Bandeira Eliel de Oliveira , Abreu Daiane Porto Gautério , Lima Juliana Piveta de , Martins Nidia Farias Fernandes , Brum Aline Neutzling
Published: February 2021

Objetivos: Verificar se há relação entre funcionalidade e letramento funcional em saúde em pessoas idosas assistidas            pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa do tipo              transversal, realizado em dez unidades de cobertura da Estratégia da Saúde da Família, totalizando 350 pessoas idosas.               Para a coleta de dados utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico e a aplicação dos instrumentos validados para        mensurar a funcionalidade e o letramento funcional em saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de julho a        dezembro de 2017 e foram realizados a análise estatística descritiva e os testes qui-quadrado, ANOVA e de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Não houve relação entre atividades básicas de vida diária e letramento funcional em saúde.        Houve uma correlação positiva entre as pontuações nas escalas de atividades instrumentais de vida diária e letramento             funcional em saúde. Conclusão: Há relação entre funcionalidade e letramento funcional em saúde no que diz respeito     às atividades instrumentais de vida diária.
Diclofenac-induced cytotoxicity in cultured carp leukocytes
Authors: Nemcova M , Pikula J , Zukal J , Seidlova V
Published: February 2021

Diclofenac is a drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and pain. Medicinal products enter waste and surface waters on an everyday basis and contaminate the aquatic environment. Fish are therefore permanently exposed to these chemicals dissolved in their aquatic environment. To simulate variable environmental conditions, the aim of our study was to examine adverse effects of diclofenac under different temperatures of cell incubation (18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 °C). Cyto-toxic and -static effects of diclofenac in concentrations of 0.001 μg/ml, 0.01 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml for the carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultured leukocytes were quantified using detection of lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells. Overall DCF cytotoxicity was relatively low and its impact was pronounced at higher temperature and DCF concentration. Cells growth inhibition is changing more rapidly but it is high mainly at the highest concentration from low temperature. DNA fragmentation was not detected in tested leukocyte cell line. CYP450 increased diclofenac cytotoxicity only at the highest concentration but at incubation temperatures 18 and 27 °C. Leukocyte viability is essential for immune functions and any change can lead to reduction of resistance against pathogens, mainly in cold year seasons, when the immune system is naturally suppressed.
A First Pre-season Pollen Transport Climatology to Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Menzel Annette , Ghasemifard Homa , Yuan Ye , Estrella Nicole
Published: February 2021

Climate impacts on the pollen season are well-described however less is known on how frequently atmospheric transport influences the start of the pollen season. Based on long-term phenological flowering and airborne pollen data (1987–2017) for six stations and seven taxa across Bavaria, Germany, we studied changes in the pollen season, compared pollen and flowering season start dates to determine pollen sources, and analyzed the likelihood of pollen transport by HYSPLIT back trajectories. Species advanced their pollen season more in early spring (e.g., Corylus and Alnus by up to 2 days yr−1) than in mid spring (Betula, Fraxinus, Pinus); Poaceae and Artemisia exhibited mixed trends in summer. Annual pollen sums mainly increased for Corylus and decreased for Poaceae and Artemisia. Start of pollen season trends largely deviated from flowering trends, especially for Corylus and Alnus. Transport phenomena, which rely on comparisons between flowering and pollen dates, were determined for 2005–2015 at three stations. Pre-season pollen was a common phenomenon: airborne pollen was predominantly observed earlier than flowering (median 17 days) and in general, in 63% of the cases (except for Artemisia and Poaceae, and the alpine location) the pollen sources were non-local (transported). In 54% (35%) of these cases, back trajectories confirmed (partly confirmed) the pre-season transport, only in 11% of the cases transport modeling failed to explain the records. Even within the main pollen season, 70% of pollen season start dates were linked to transport. At the alpine station, non-local pollen sources (both from outside Bavaria as well as Bavarian lowlands) predominated, in only 13% of these cases transport could not be confirmed by back trajectories. This prominent role of pollen transport has important implications for the length, the timing, and the severity of the allergenic pollen season, indicating only a weak dependency on flowering of local pollen sources.
β-Glucosylceramide From Allergic Mothers Enhances Offspring Responsiveness to Allergen
Authors: Walker Matthew T. , Ferrie Ryan P. , Hoji Aki , Schroeder-Carter Lindsay M. , Cohen Jacob D. , Schnaar Ronald L. , Cook-Mills Joan M.
Published: February 2021

In animals and humans, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen and the allergen-specificity of the offspring can be different than that of the mother. In our preclinical models, the mother's allergic responses influence development of the fetus and offspring by elevating numbers of cells in dendritic cell subsets. A major question is the identity of maternal factors of allergic mothers that alter offspring development of responsiveness to allergen. Lipids are altered during allergic responses and lipids are transported to the fetus for growth and formation of fetal membranes. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory lipids, that are elevated in allergic mothers, are transported to the fetus and regulate fetal immune development. We demonstrate in this report that there was a significant 2-fold increase in β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCer) in allergic mothers, the fetal liver and her offspring. The βGlcCer were transported from mother's plasma, across the placenta, to the fetus and in breastmilk to the offspring. Administration of βGlcCer to non-allergic mothers was sufficient for offspring responses to allergen. Importantly, maternal administration of a clinically relevant pharmacological inhibitor of βGlcCer synthase returned βGlcCer to normal levels in the allergic mothers and her offspring and blocked the offspring increase in dendritic cell subsets and offspring allergen responsiveness. In summary, allergic mothers had increased βGlcCer that was transported to offspring and mediated increases in offspring DCs and responsiveness to allergen. These data have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms for development of allergies in offspring of allergic mothers and have the potential to lead to novel interventions that significantly impact risk for allergic disease early in life.
Alternatively Splicing Interactomes Identify Novel Isoform-Specific Partners for NSD2
Authors: Wang Weidi , Chen Yucan , Zhao Jingjing , Chen Liang , Song Weichen , Li Li , Lin Guan Ning
Published: February 2021

Nuclear receptor SET domain protein (NSD2) plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) and is overexpressed in multiple human myelomas, but its protein–protein interaction (PPI) patterns, particularly at the isoform/exon levels, are poorly understood. We explored the subcellular localizations of four representative NSD2 transcripts with immunofluorescence microscopy. Next, we used label-free quantification to perform immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) analyses of the transcripts. Using the interaction partners for each transcript detected in the IP-MS results, we identified 890 isoform-specific PPI partners (83% are novel). These PPI networks were further divided into four categories of the exon-specific interactome. In these exon-specific PPI partners, two genes, RPL10 and HSPA8, were successfully confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. RPL10 primarily interacted with Isoforms 1, 3, and 5, and HSPA8 interacted with all four isoforms, respectively. Using our extended NSD2 protein interactions, we constructed an isoform-level PPI landscape for NSD2 to serve as reference interactome data for NSD2 spliceosome-level studies. Furthermore, the RNA splicing processes supported by these isoform partners shed light on the diverse roles NSD2 plays in WHS and myeloma development. We also validated the interactions using Western blotting, RPL10, and the three NSD2 (Isoform 1, 3, and 5). Our results expand gene-level NSD2 PPI networks and provide a basis for the treatment of NSD2-related developmental diseases.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Elucidate Marker Genes and Molecular Mechanisms in Hypoplastic Left Heart Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Ma Li , Zhou Na , Zou Rongjun , Shi Wanting , Luo Yuanyuan , Du Na , Zhong Jing , Zhao Xiaodong , Chen Xinxin , Xia Huimin , Wu Yueheng
Published: February 2021

Objective

To probe markers and molecular mechanisms of the hypoplastic left heart (HLH) by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and quantitative proteomics analysis.

Methods

Following data preprocessing, scRNA-seq data of pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes from one HLH patient and one control were analyzed by the Seurat package in R. Cell clusters were characterized, which was followed by a pseudotime analysis. Markers in the pseudotime analysis were utilized for functional enrichment analysis. Quantitative proteomics analysis was based on peripheral blood samples from HLH patients without heart failure (HLH-NHF), HLH patients with heart failure (HLH-HF), and healthy controls. Hub genes were identified by the intersection of pseudotime markers and differentially expressed proteins (DE-proteins), which were validated in the GSE77798 dataset, RT-qPCR, and western blot.

Results

Cardiomyocytes derived from iPSCs were clustered into mesenchymal stem cells, myocardium, and fibroblast cells. Pseudotime analysis revealed their differentiation trajectory. Markers in the three pseudotime clusters were significantly associated with distinct biological processes and pathways. Finally, three hub genes (MMP2, B2M, and COL5A1) were identified, which were highly expressed in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles of HLH patients compared with controls. Furthermore, higher expression levels were detected in HLH patients with or without HF than in controls.

Conclusion

Our findings elucidate marker genes and molecular mechanisms of HLH, deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis of HLH.
Activation of α7-nAChRs Promotes the Clearance of α-Synuclein and Protects Against Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Exogenous α-Synuclein Fibrils
Authors: Zhao Jifeng , Li Yun , Li Yan , Xu Shi , Tao Tingting , Hua Ye , Zhang Ji , Fan Yi
Published: February 2021

Misfolding and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) have been shown to increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Finding some way to reduce the aggregation of αSyn is particularly important for the treatment of PD. The main route in prion-like αSyn spreading is the cholinergic innervated vagus nervous system and central cholinergic neurons. Since the degenerative changes and death of cholinergic neurons also run through the pathological process of PD, we hypothesize an involvement of the cholinergic system in αSyn aggregation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) are one of the most abundant nAChRs in the mammalian brain. Using nicotine and a selective α7-nAChRs agonist PNU-282987, we found a protective effect of α7-nAChRs on the cell damage induced by αSyn-PFF (preformed fibrils) through inhibiting apoptotic cell death. We further discovered an additive effect of α7-nAChRs on the clearance of αSyn in normal and αSyn stably transduced SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, using α7-nAChRs knockout mice, we noticed that α7-nAChRs deficiency increased the deposition of αSyn and aggravated the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a chronic MPTP mouse model of PD. Our findings for the first time indicated that α7-nAChRs activation exhibited a neuroprotective effect on αSyn pathology and aggregation by promoting the clearance of αSyn.
Proto-Oncogenes and Cell Cycle Gene Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Oral Epithelial Cells Stimulated With Soluble Factors From Single and Dual Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Amaya Arbeláez María Isabel , de Paula e Silva Ana Carolina Alves , Navegante Geovana , Valente Valeria , Barbugli Paula Aboud , Vergani Carlos Eduardo
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed at analyzing proto-oncogenic signaling pathway activation in normal oral keratinocytes (NOK-si) and neoplastic cell lines (SCC 25 and Detroit 562) stimulated with metabolites (soluble factors) from single and dual biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Soluble factors (SF) from early (16-h) and mature (36-h) biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus were collected and incubated with cell cultures, which were subsequently evaluated using gene expression via RT-qPCR, cell viability via AlamarBlueTM, and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. In general, exposure to the SF of early and mature biofilms from C. albicans and dual species caused a major reduction in NOK-si cell viability and enhanced the sub G0 phase. This led to a decrease in gene expression. However, in this cell line, SF of S. aureus biofilms upregulated the CDKN1A gene followed by the maintenance of cell viability and a significant increase in the G2/M population. For tumor cells, SCC 25 and Detroit 562, the stimuli of SF biofilms upregulated oncogenes such as hRAS and mTOR, as well as Bcl-2 and CDKN1A. SCC 25 and Detroit 562 cells could survive even after 24 h of stimuli from both SF (early and mature). This occurred without significant changes taking place in the cell cycle progression for SCC 25, and with a significant tendency to increase the G2/M phase for Detroit 562. These results point to the fact that metabolites from prevalent clinical fungal and bacterial biofilms, C. albicans and S. aureus, can disrupt the homeostasis of normal and neoplastic oral epithelial cells. This changes proto-oncogenes’ expression, specifically PI3KCA, hRAS, mTOR, BRAF, and cell cycle genes CDKN1A and Bcl-2, thus causing a disturbance in cell viability, survival, and the cell cycle profile.