bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Разработка пористых структур на основе оксидных полупроводников
Authors: Бисенова М.А. , Бейсенов Р.Е. , Мереке А.Л. , Бейсенова Е.Е.
Published: May 2021

В статье представлены результаты изменения размеров пор в зависимости от количества порообразующего агента и измерения удельной поверхности в зависимости от температуры спекания. Трехмерный пористый фотоанод производился из смеси наноразмерных порошков Co3O4, и TiO2 с различным количеством порообразующих агентов для дальнейшего смешивания в водном растворе. Исследования морфологии трехмерного тонкопленочного пористого фотоанода методами сканирующего электронного микроскопа показало образование пористой структуры с субмикронными размерами пор зависящих от добавляемого порообразующего агента. Наибольшая площадь поверхности трехмерной структуры будет достигнута с использованием разработанной технологии, использующей смеси материалов, которые играют роль порообразователей в материале анода, которая позволяет повысить эффективность поглощения света за счет создания смешанной или многослойной структуры из нескольких фотокаталитических материалов.
Основные концепции промотирования и ингибирования горения
Authors: Манжос В.К. , Колесников Б.Я.
Published: May 2021

За последние десятилетия опубликовано большое количество работ по ингибированию и промотированию горения. Сюда входят как химические добавки, так и использование физических воздействий. Углубленное исследование в каждом случае подразумевает выяснение наиболее важных факторов влияния и выбор максимально эффективного способа управления процессом. В ряде работ указывается на неоднозначность результата в зависимости от количества добавок либо изменения условий. Но причины подобных изменений не всегда понятны. В любом случае следует исходить из взаимосвязи процессов ингибирования и промотирования в волне горения, совместного влияния химических и физических действий для подбора эффективных способов горения, торможения процесса либо получения новых веществ на промежуточных стадиях неполного сгорания.
O SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO E AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS E DE CLASSE: AVALIANDO AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE REINTEGRAÇÃO EM ALAGOAS
Authors: Da Silva Karolyne Júlia de Moraes
Published: May 2021

Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre políticas públicas para o sistema carcerário e uma análise dos atravessamentos raciais e de classe nas penitenciárias do estado de alagoas, bem como uma análise do histórico brasileiro de leis e políticas de desumanização e perseguições de corpos negros - que começa com o tráfico do navio negreiro, segue no pós-abolição, no período republicano, até os dias atuais -,até a reintegração social. Avaliar as políticas públicas de reintegração torna-se urgente eindispensável num cenário de superlotação do sistema penitenciário, de encarceramento em massa, permanência da violência urbana e de consideráveis índices de reincidência penal, e analisando a categoria racial, percebe-se que a maioria dos egressos no sistema são jovens, negros, com baixo nível de escolaridade e classe social empobrecida. Essas políticas de reintegração alcançam pessoas negras? E de fato reintegram? Analisar essas políticas e a estrutura do sistema carcerário é atentar-se ao bem-viver de toda a sociedade, sobretudo da população negra e periférica, a fim de diminuir os altos índices de violência urbana.
FEMINISMO CLASSISTA: A ALIANÇA ENTRE O FEMINISMO E O MARXISMO
Authors: De Góes Mayara Jennyfer Vieira
Published: May 2021

O movimento feminista possui variadas vertentes teórico-políticas, e no presente paper discorreremos sobre uma breve análise entre o feminismo e sua aliança com o marxismo, assim, tecendo questionamentos e compreensões acerca do feminismo classista/marxista e sua colaboração para o enfrentamento e dissolução das desigualdades sociais, considerando as relações de sexo, raça/etnia e classe. Deste modo, objetiva-se refletir sobre a importância da teoria marxista para o debate das questões e pautas de gênero, idealizando contribuir com a luta e resistência do movimento feminista atual. Este paper sustenta-se a partir da revisão bibliográfica com aporte na teoria e métodomarxista.
MODELLING THE CONDITIONAL CO-MOVEMENTS OF PAKISTAN AND INTERNATIONAL STOCK MARKETS
Authors: Pirzado Ali Akbar , Qureshi Naeem Ahmed , Jaoti Imran Khan , Arain Komal , Buriro Riaz Ali
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: This study assesses and evaluates the conditional co-movements and dynamic conditional correlation of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with other Stock Market.

Methodology: DCC-GARCH model has been applied due to its feasibility to model the covariance as a function of correlation and variance together.

Main findings: The findings of the research suggest that the Pakistani Stock Exchange (PSX) is highly volatile compared to two other selected stock markets. In-sample fitting, the study has selected the DCC-GARCH (1, 1) model based on information criterion, conversely, the criterion used for out-of-sample forecast evaluation such as MSFE, RMSFE, MAPE, selected the DCC (2,1)-GARCH (1,1).

Application of the study: This study is very useful for the Pakistan stock market and other international selected stocks markets until and unless the government of Pakistan and other governments will devise new policies which may open new opportunities to investors.

Novelty/ Originality of the study: This study has a great potential in the Pakistani stock market to offer investors to several foreign and domestic investors, allowing them to hold Pakistan as well as foreign and local stocks all major benefits.
A Literary Behavior Analysis of Ghost in the Shell: From Science to Art of Behaviorism
Authors: Araiba Sho
Published: May 2021

Although behavioristic works have had substantial effects on many fields, the art and entertainment world had responded largely negatively or insensitive to behaviorism in the past. More recently, however, as the field of Applied Behavior Analysis grew, a new wave of behavioristic art has emerged. With this new trend, the argument can be made that it is now time to develop a fully-fledged art of behaviorism, both in terms of art making and art theory. In this paper, I present a literary analysis of the film, Ghost in the Shell (Oshii, 1995), as a form of behavioristic literary criticism based on the works of three contemporary behaviorists, B. F. Skinner, Gilbert Ryle, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. From a behaviorist point of view, the film presents a juxtaposition between Motoko’s belief and the environmental influences on her personal identity.
Simulation study of development and elimination dynamics of bottlenecks in task of location of railway emergency facilities
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Sukhov Andrey Alexandrovich
Published: May 2021

The paper studies the influence of a transport accident on operation of a polygon, compares theoretical and practical variants of operational environment progress. With the use of simulation modeling the author has thoroughly analysed the process of train situation progress and has determined the economic losses from forced delays of trains of various categories, which can be recommended for the application at solving the task of location of emergency trains on polygons.
Development of software elements for improvement of calculation of traction power supply system
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU), Ignatenko Ivan Vladimirovich , Tryapkin Evgeniy Yuryevich ,   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU), Vlasenko Sergey Anatolyevich ,   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU)
Published: May 2021

Nowadays KORTES remains the main software complex for calculation of traction power supply system. However, in regard with the development of software and hardware facilities and the necessity to gain precise results the most important task is the improvement of separate software products aimed at refinement of calculation and solution of such tasks as thermal processes in traction power supply system, change of parameters at high-speed and heavy traffic and etc. The paper presents an algorithm developed for power supply system of mainline railway section, which allows calculating required power of transformers installed in traction substation not only for classic, but also for other schemes of connection of transformer winding.
Method for forecasting residual life of catenary poles
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU), Li Valeriy Nikolaevich , Demina Lyudmila Sergeevna ,   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU), Vlasenko Sergey Anatolyevich ,   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU)
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes a method for forecasting residual life of reinforced concrete catenary poles based on the calculation of fatigue characteristics in SolidWorks Simulation software environment. With the consideration for additional factors of crack formation the authors have gained the fatigue (life) curve of the catenary pole and have determined positions and elements that are the most susceptible to fatigue effect. On the basis of the data gained the authors have developed a method for determining a residual bearing capacity by a special nomogram. As a result, the authors have formed an order of carrying out monitoring of reinforced concrete catenary poles.
Mathematical models of resonance and antiresonance processes
Authors:   Vladimir Electromechanical Plant, Pavlov V. D.
Published: May 2021

The use of the symbolic (complex) method has significantly simplified the study of resonance and near-resonance phenomena, in particular, it has made it possible to deeply unify and formalize the consideration of various mechanical systems. The cumbersome and time-consuming operations associated with composing and solving differential equations have been replaced by simple algebraic transformations. The method is based on the mechanical analogue of Ohm’s law in a complex representation and the concept of mechanical reactance, resistance, impedance, susseptance, conductance and admittance. Resonances and antiresonances of forces and velocities are determined. Resonances occur when the elements are connected in parallel with a force source, or when the elements are connected in series with a velocity source. Antiresonances occur when a parallel connection and a speed source are combined, or a serial connection and a force source are combined. These concepts are a generalization to mechanics of the concepts of «voltage source» and «current source» from theoretical electrical engineering. The closest to the source of speed in its properties is a crank-rocker (connecting rod) mechanism with a massive flywheel. The source of force corresponds more to the rod of the significantly smaller of the two connected pneumatic cylinders.
Organization of life cycle management of indigineous russian locomotives
Authors:   Research Institute of Technology, Control and Diagnostics of Railway Transport, Semenov A. P.
Published: May 2021

The service system for managing the life cycle of locomotives faces the problem of obtaining objective information about the technical condition of the locomotive and its operation. Designers of equipment and the locomotive as a whole, locomotive-building plants, service companies, locomotive repair plants and the operating organization have their own information systems that are not connected to each other. It is proposed to create a cross-platform management system for the locomotive life cycle database with the collection of information from all information systems at all stages of the locomotive life cycle with the appropriate management organization, which is described in the article. Information about the structure of the locomotive equipment, possible suppliers and maintenance regulations (MRO) is formed at the design stage. Information on the numbers and suppliers of installed equipment and test results is generated at the stage of locomotive manufacturing. In operation, the mileage of the locomotive, the ton-kilometer work, and, if possible, the electricity consumption are recorded. The MRO system registers the types and volumes of work, their duration and cost, and the spare parts and materials used. Equipment replacement is also registered. Separately, the reasons for failures and super-cycle work are analyzed. As a result, the database is formed for multi-factor analysis of the reasons for the low reliability of locomotives, the high cost of the life cycle. Corrective measures are being developed.
Idiossincrasias na construção da rabeca em Pernambuco: o caso de Airon Galindo, Caruaru-PE
Authors: Estrada Erasmo , Ventura de Morais Jorge
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar as práticas artesanais do construtor de rabecas Airon Galindo desde a perspectiva da sociologia e da organologia. Tomando como ponto de partida uma entrevista com o construtor, aspectos relacionados à produção de suas rabecas – elaboradas com materiais descartados provenientes de embalagens de madeira de aparelhos importados – são analisados a partir de uma sociologia das práticas sociais, particularmente os conceitos de conhecimentos tácitos e práticos e de conhecimento pelo corpo (Theodore Schatzki, Richard Sennett e Pierre Bourdieu). A discussão é complementada com uma descrição dos processos de construção usados por Galindo. Devido ao fato de Galindo optar por mudar o modelo dos seus instrumentos de tempos em tempos, a estrutura dos mesmos é descrita apenas em linhas gerais. A organologia de um instrumento, porém, é apresentada de forma detalhada, o que permite tanto documentar as características específicas deste instrumento em particular como revelar as idiossincrasias do construtor e o impacto destas na funcionalidade do instrumento. As informações derivadas desta análise podem futuramente servir como referência para o estudo dos instrumentos de outros construtores, o que permitirá construir um detalhado panorama da rabeca em Pernambuco.
EVALUACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE EVAPORACIÓN DE SALMUERAS DE ÓSMOSIS INVERSA: GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EN MÉXICO
Authors: Encinas Guzmán María Isela , Robles Lizárraga Adriana , Rodríguez López Jorge , Dévora Isiordia Germán Eduardo
Published: May 2021

La desalinización por ósmosis inversa se encuentra dentro de las tecnologías más utilizadas para disminuir la escasez mundial de agua. Sin embargo, presenta impactos ambientales por efluentes de salmuera que no reciben tratamiento previo a su eliminación. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar económicamente la evaporación de vertidos de salmueras de procesos de desalinización en agua salobre (26 816 mg/L sólidos disueltos totales [SDT]) y marina (55 648 mg/L SDT) utilizando energía eléctrica y térmica como fuente de calor. El sistema fue óptimo cuando presentó mayor remoción de sales (97 %) y tasa de evaporación (3.373 L/d), así como menor consumo energético (5.43 kWh) y costo de operación ($8.54 MXN/d), con un nivel de significancia de p = 0.05. El escalamiento del sistema eléctrico a un sistema térmico de destilación instantánea multietapa presenta una inversión de $703 016.00 MXN con un retorno de inversión de 20 %, tiempo de recuperación de 10 años y costo del agua producida de $37.37 MXN/m3. Los sistemas de evaporación de salmuera son socialmente eficientes para la disminución de problemáticas ambientales y económicas provocadas por el manejo inadecuado de efluentes de salmueras.
Performance Comparison of Geo-Referencing a Radar Using Prism Method With Global Positioning System
Authors: Mabotha Ebenhezer , Mabunda Nkateko
Published: May 2021

Monitoring of the surface operations using movement and surveying radar (MSR) can prevent loss of life, equipment, production and loss of the mine. Slope monitoring using MSR is an important aspect of open-pit mining as it provides real-time movement of deformation data for the slope. It is therefore important that the radar is accurately geo-referenced in order to provide accurate real-time movement data. Geo-referencing is defined as the process of determining an instrument’s position (in the form of Easting, Northing, Height) as well as the orientation with respect to the mine’s local coordinate system. This helps in getting geo-referenced data points from the radar that are identified by a unique set of coordinates in relation to the mine’s coordinate system which allows the radar to track movement for a specific set of coordinates. In this research, we assess the performance of geo-referencing a radar using the total station method and compare it with the integration of Advance Navigation – Spatial Dual GPS system connected via RS422 on the MSR. This includes usage of the Spatial Dual navigation coordinates output to calculate the radar’s position relative to the mine local coordinates and mapping the radar’s azimuth, elevation and Range (Az, El and Rl) values to the measured pit-slope data points. Furthermore, a comparison of key attributes of both methods of geo-referencing is performed using a matrix system and giving an overall performance appraisal of both systems. Integrating a navigation system allows the radar to have an auto geo-referencing functionality that will reduce the time spent in completing this process. The findings reveal that the GPS obtained a higher score than the total station with prism method on the weighted matrix system. The total station was found to be more accurate than the GPS however, the deployment time for the GPS is quicker than that of the total station. This is important for different operation such as strip and open-pit mining to choose the preferred method of geo-referencing depending on the level of accuracy required.
Clinical Trial Registry Use in Orthopaedic Surgery Systematic Reviews
Authors: Reddy Arjun K. , Anderson J. Michael , Gray Harrison M. , Fishbeck Keith , Vassar Matt
Published: May 2021

Background:

Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which have the highest level of evidence (Level I), often drive clinical decision-making and health policy. Often, unpublished trial data are omitted from systematic reviews, raising concerns about the extent of the reliability and validity of results that have been drawn from systematic reviews. We aimed to determine the extent to which systematic review authors include searches of clinical trial registries for unpublished data when conducting systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:

Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were gathered from the top 5 orthopaedic surgery journals based on the h5-index from Google Scholar Metrics. Systematic reviews that had been published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which requires the inclusion of a clinical trial registry search, served as controls. For the primary outcome, each systematic review from the top 5 orthopaedic journals was screened to determine whether the authors of each study searched for unpublished data in clinical trial registries. We then compared the rate of registry searches with those in the control group. For the secondary analysis, a search of ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for unpublished trial data for 100 randomized systematic reviews.

Results:

All 38 of the Cochrane systematic reviews (100%) included clinical trial registry searches, while the top 5 orthopaedic journals had only 31 of 480 studies (6.5%) that looked at clinical trial registries. The secondary analysis yielded 59 of 100 systematic review articles (59.0%) that could have included unpublished clinical trial data from ≥1 studies to their sample.

Conclusions:

Systematic reviews that have been published in the top orthopaedic surgery journals seldom included a search for unpublished clinical trial data.

Clinical Relevance:

The exclusion of clinical trial registry searches potentially contributes to publication bias within the orthopaedic literature. Moving forward, systematic review authors should include clinical trial registry searches for unpublished clinical trial data to provide the most accurate representation of the available evidence for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Acute Arthrodesis of Ipsilateral Pilon and Talus Fracture
Authors: Sanders Drew
Published: May 2021

Case:

We report a unique case of an ipsilateral distal tibia pilon fracture and talar body after motor vehicle collision. Our patient was successfully treated with acute arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint, with return to good function 1-year after surgery.

Conclusion:

Pilon and talus fractures are complex injuries. They require specialized surgical care, are complicated by loss of function, continued pain, and lead to subsequent reconstructive procedures such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty. In the presence of concomitant pilon and talus fractures, acute arthrodesis can yield good results and return to function.
C1 and C2 Fractures Above a Previous Fusion Treated with Internal Fixation without Fusion
Authors: Kolz Joshua M. , Hobson Sandra L. , Currier Bradford L. , Nassr Ahmad N.
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 71-year-old woman sustained C1 lateral mass and type 2 odontoid fractures 3 years after C2-T2 anterior-posterior fusion. She was treated with C1-C4 instrumentation without fusion for 9 months followed by instrumentation removal to restore atlantoaxial motion. After instrumentation removal, she maintained clinically relevant cervical lateral bending, rotation, and flexion and extension.

Conclusion:

The loss of upper cervical motion after C1-C2 instrumented fusion may be debilitating for patients in the setting of previous subaxial cervical fusion. Temporary instrumentation without fusion may allow for preservation of upper cervical motion in patients with concomitant C1 and C2 fractures above a previous cervical fusion.
From the Ground Up, Again
Authors: League Panayotis
Published: May 2021

Michael League (Snarky Puppy), here interviewed by Panayotis League, offers a frank assessment of the new economic realities for working musicians. He notes that even before the pandemic, digital streaming services such as Spotify had all but eliminated recordings as an income source for musicians. COVID-19 has now decimated their other primary revenue stream: live shows.
Place As An Extended Technique
Authors: Zucker Ben
Published: May 2021

In this piece, Ben Zucker profiles Chicago’s Experimental Sound Studio and its decision to move online with a series of livestreamed performances known as The Quarantine Concerts (TQC). He examines the meaning of “place” for virtual gatherings such as TQC, and discusses how musicians have had to rethink what liveness means and how it is practiced under the new constraints.
The Noise Indoors
Authors: Dias Jose , Hunter Anton
Published: May 2021

This article is a reflection of a collaboration between musicians Anton Hunter and José Dias who, in April 2020, organised a free, biweekly improvisation streaming festival, which ran for three weeks, entitled The Noise Indoors (TNI). Devised as a way of encouraging musicians and fans to stay home by providing the chance to continue experiencing and celebrating improvised music during confinement, TNI gathered twenty-eight artists based in seventeen cities across Europe who filmed solo or duet performances in their homes. As TNI progressed, this festival became a platform for sharing each artist’s intimate music-making, as well as an opportunity for networking and community building. In this article, using an eclectic mix of critical and dialogic writing styles (including field notes and text messages), they reflect on their experiences as researchers, musicians, and curators who organised and participated in TNI, and the potential wider implications of this.
Sawdust Collector/Spacious Season
Authors: Adler Barbara
Published: May 2021

In this piece, Barbara Adler reflects on the Vancouver arts collective known as Sawdust Collector, which ceased operations during the pandemic. She asks how we might move beyond exhaustion by allowing ourselves the time to slow down and the space to reimagine creative praxes, and by contributing our energies to the unfinished work of others.
Book review Simon Rose (2017) The Lived Experience of Improvisation: in music, learning and life. Bristol UK: Intellect Press
Authors: Sorensen Nick
Published: May 2021

A review of Simon Rose's book 'The Lived Experience of Improvisation'
#CanadaPerforms
Authors: Chan Kevin
Published: May 2021

Kevin Chan is Director of Public Policy, Canada for Facebook. In this piece, he describes the origins of the #CanadaPerforms series, a partnership between Facebook Canada and the National Arts Centre that presented over seven hundred livestreamed musical performances by Canadian musicians during the pandemic.
IndigiQueer the Space
Authors: Gareiss Nic , Defoe Ty
Published: May 2021

Ty Defoe is an Oneida and Ojibwe interdisciplinary artist. This contribution includes a video entitled “Circle” and an interview with Nic Gareiss, in which Defoe discusses the ways in which he has worked to Indigenize, decolonize, and queer a variety of spaces, including online digital spaces, during the pandemic.
Slowing Down
Authors: Moore Nathan
Published: May 2021

The paper relates my experience as an improvising musician responding to COVID. In particular, the practice of recording solo improvisations that are then sent to colleagues for them to overdub an improvised response (and vice versa).
What the World Needs Now is Jazz
Authors: Herzig Monika
Published: May 2021

The worldwide lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic initiated an economic crisis, especially in the performing arts world. With all events cancelled for many months and limited options to return to live performance in the future, the arts community had to respond quickly. The jazz model, specifically improvisational training, has been discussed frequently in the entrepreneurship literature as an important method for making decisions in uncertain situations. Furthermore, the principle of Effectual Entrepreneurship defined as engaging in a continuous cycle of ideation and experimentation towards creating solutions from available means and techniques, is usually associated with a growth mindset fostered by training in improvisational techniques. Hence, this article documents and discusses the hypothesis that directions and activities pursued by jazz musicians who train their improvisational capacities on a regular basis can provide a glimpse of the evolving new model. Data collected from a survey, published literature, and several in-depth interviews and conclusions point towards a hybrid model of new technologies and modes of interaction combined with the need to preserve human engagement. Furthermore, the fragility of the current performing arts system calls for structural redesign and new focus on local communities.
"Unmute" Bread
Authors: Galloway Kate , Fuller Rachael
Published: May 2021

While many of our colleagues are avidly baking and feeding their newly acquired sourdough starters while sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, we are conducting ethnographic work with individuals who have embraced the stylistics and aesthetics of improvisation in acts of caring for, listening to, baking with, and recording their sourdough starters, as well as performing alongside their bread-kin. Imagine, in some instances, the multispecies improvisational style of David Rothenberg’s co-performance with birds, whales, and insects (Rothenberg 2017; 2016; 2002; Ryan 2020), but with wild yeast and freshly baked bread. In this article we ask: What is it about the conditions of sheltering in place, quarantine, and domestic isolation that fosters an experimental space for reconfiguring multispecies improvisation and performance to include our foodways? Why has baking, specifically bread (and sourdough), rather than other forms of domestic activity and craft fostered this specific sonic response during these pandemic times? How are participants sharing, scrolling through, and listening to these domestic performances across social media? What does the sonic register of these multimodal texts communicate to other socially distancing social media users? Through ethnographic fieldwork of performing with, listening to, musicalizing, and caring for sourdough starters, their “screaming yeast” (Roosth 2009), and the baked result, this article places improvisation studies, domestic practices, multispecies performance, gastromusicology, and pandemic spatial conditions in dialogue to address these questions.
Listening through Webs for/of Creole Improvisation
Authors: Yulsman Sam , Cox Jessie
Published: May 2021

Our paper reflects on our experience with Weaving Music II—a web performance space we built with fifteen artists working across different disciplines. The website and our essay attempt to create alternatives to the “at-the-same-timeness” of streaming technologies as well as the forms of listening defined by data capitalism and corporate platforms like Google and YouTube. At the heart of the alternative practices we propose is an embrace of what we see as the creolizing potentiality of the Web and of listening. To unpack these potentialities, the essay and artwork critically reflect on listening that occurs through  Afrofuturistic modes of engagement with technology, space and time. We consider the historical origins of Web improvisations, our approach to collaboration using Weaving Music II, and theories of information that move beyond the need for predefined codes of understanding.
Stormwater Utility Fee Estimation Method for Individual Land Use Areas
Authors: Yoo jaehyun , Yoo Jae-Hyun , Kim Kye-Hyun , Choi Ji-Yong , Lee Chol-Young
Published: May 2021

In South Korea, a reasonable rate system that can be domestically applied to calculate the sewage and stormwater separately from the domestic sewage fee system is needed. This study proposes a phased pricing scenario to separate sewage and stormwater in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, and the rate changes are compared based on a simulated calculation of the stormwater utility fee. In this investigation, stormwater runoff cases from other countries and the current domestic system are analyzed. A stormwater utility fee introduction scenario is presented that considers the impervious surface area. Water and sewage usage statistics and hydrant spatial data were collected from the Incheon Metropolitan City Waterworks Authority, and the total amount of water and sewage fees from the land use area were calculated. The stormwater utility fee was calculated, and the rates of each step were compared. The total sewage fee of Bupyeong-gu during 2014 was 21,685,446,578 won and the phased stormwater utility fee was calculated, assuming that 40% represents the stormwater cost. The sewage fee for the residential area in phase 3 decreased by 0.77% compared to phase 1. For the commercial areas, the sewage fee decreased by 36.87%. Because the impervious surface ratio was high, the overall area contributing to the impervious surface area was small. In the industrial area, the sewage fee increased by 8.35%. In the green area, the sewage fee increased by 37.46%. The sewage fee for the apartment complexes decreased by 10.6%. Finally, the possibility of estimating the actual stormwater utility fee is confirmed.
Prevalence, Treatment Patterns, and Prognosis of Low Estrogen Receptor–Positive (1% to 10%) Breast Cancer: A Single Institution’s Experience in Korea
Authors: Park Yeon Hee , Karantza Vassiliki , Calhoun Shawna R. , Park Seri , Lee Sohee , Kim Ji-Yeon , Yu Jong Han , Kim Seok Won , Lee Jeong Eon , Nam Seok Jin , Aktan Gursel , Marisco Mark
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To determine prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics, initial treatments, and outcomes associated with low estrogen receptor (ER)–expressing invasive breast cancer.Methods: This retrospective, noninterventional database study included patients undergoing surgery with curative intent for invasive ductal or lobular breast cancer. Patients were treated between January 2003-December 2012. Demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, initial treatments, and outcomes were abstracted from patient records. Patients were categorized using immunohistochemistry to determine ER, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels. ER-positive patients were subclassified as ER-Low (1%–10%) and ER-High (>10%) according to Allred Proportion Score. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among groups by log-rank test.Results: 5930 patients were included (median follow-up, 80.9 months). Of all patients included, 117 (2.0%) had ER-Low tumors, 63 (53.8%) of whom had HER2− tumors and 54 (46.2%) HER2+ tumors. Five-year DFS and OS were highest in the ER-High/HER2− cohort (94.0% and 98.6%, respectively) and lowest in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; 81.3% and 90.1%) and ER-Low/HER2− (85.7% and 92.1%) cohorts. Menopausal status, elevated Ki-67, higher nuclear grade, higher tumor stage, presence of lymphovascular invasion, greater regional lymph node involvement, and larger tumor size were all potential prognostic factors for shorter DFS and OS. Conclusion: Patients with ER-Low/HER2− breast cancer had similar clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and outcomes as patients with TNBC irrespective of disease setting. Further research is needed to understand predictive and prognostic factors associated with ER-Low/HER2− disease.
Removal of NO With Fe(II)NTA Solution Catalyzed By The Carbon Treated With Ethylenediamine
Authors: Dou Xin-wei , Chen Pei-yun , Zhang Ruo-chuan , Long Xiangli
Published: May 2021

Fe(Ⅱ)NTA solution manifests a good performance in the simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Activated carbon is used to catalyze the reduction of Fe(III)NTA to Fe(Ⅱ)NTA to retain the ability of absorbing NO. Ethylenediamine(EDA) solution is capable of changing the physical structure and chemical characteristics on the carbon surface to improve the catalytic capability of activated carbon. The experiments suggest that the best treatment condition be immersing the carbon in 5.0 mol l-1 EDA solution for 6 h followed by being heated at 700 ℃ in N2 for 4 h. The modification with EDA increases the surface area and alkalinity on the carbon. The experiments also indicate that the removal efficiency of nitric oxide catalyzed by the modified carbon is significantly improved compared with that of the original one.
Association between regional monsoon onset in South Asia and Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing
Authors: Hu Die , Duan Anmin , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2021

By using multiple data sources and two sensitivity experiments using the atmospheric general circulation model of CAM4.0, we investigated the effect of thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the onset of the South Asian summer monsoon, including over the Arabian Sea (AS) and India. Results indicate that the seesaw pattern of diabatic heating over the TP, with a southeastern–northwestern inverse distribution in May, shows a robust relationship with the date of monsoon onset over the AS and India, which is independent of the influences from ocean signals. A positive diabatic heating seesaw pattern can enhance the ascending (descending) motion over the southeastern (northwestern) TP, corresponding to above (below) normal in- situ precipitation. Temperature budget diagnosis reveals that the adiabatic heating by the anomalous vertical motion and relevant horizontal advection of temperature convergence in the mid-upper troposphere are contributors to the warming over the TP. Consequently, the transition of the meridional temperature gradient over South Asian regions occurs earlier. Furthermore, the diabatic heating over the TP induces an enhanced and westward-extended South Asian high (SAH), which together with the easterly along the southern flank of the SAH superimpose on the low-level westerly flow over the AS and India, resulting in intensive upper-level divergence-pumping and upward motion. This anomalous circulation configuration in lower and upper levels further facilitates an earlier onset of summer monsoon in these two regions. These findings are corroborated in the sensitivity runs based on CAM4.0.
Development and psychometrics properties of a questionnaire to measure the general perception of COVID-19 risk in Iran: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Samadipour Ezat , Ghardashi Fatemeh
Published: May 2021

Background Risk perception in this COVID19 situation is important and its measurement tool can be useful in terms of the making of social health policy. This study aimed to develop and psychometrics properties of a new scale, for assessing general perception of Covid-19 risk (GPCOVID-19R) in Iran.Methods A methodological study with a structural equation model approach was used to develop and psychometrics the GPCOVID-19 R questionnaire. First, qualitative method, an operational definition of risk perception of COVID-19 was presented by 10 experts. The item generation and scale development were performed through literature review, a qualitative approach, and interviews with an expert panel. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated by means of cross-sectional studies. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and scale correlation were performed using Amos software version 23.Results 304 users of social groups in Tehran province participated in completing the online questionnaire. The results of psychometric properties of the questionnaire indicate the desired validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors, containing 20 items. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with appropriate fitness for the data.Conclusion The results of the study suggest that GPCOVID-19R is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Iranians' general perception of Covid-19 risk.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Evolocumab in Patients With Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome in China
Authors: Xi Xiaoyu , Wang Xin , Xie Wenwen , Jia Yu , Sanchez Santiago Zuluaga , Martinez Laura , Zhao Quanming
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To assess the cost-effectiveness of evolocumab, a PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor, added to background statins therapy in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event (in the past 12 months) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥100 mg/dL in China.Methods: A health economic evaluation was performed from a Chinese healthcare perspective, using a Markov model over a lifetime horizon based on baseline CV event rate from claims database data and efficacy from the FOURIER trial. The health benefit was reflected in the decrease of LDL-C level, which led to the decrease of cardiovascular events. The cost of cardiovascular events and the utility value of each health state were derived from published literature. Sensitivity analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of uncertainty in parameters and the robustness of the model. The cost-effectiveness of evolocumab was also explored in patients with recent MI, very high-risk (VHR) ASCVD and homozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia (HoFH).Results: In recent ACS patients, evolocumab was associated with incremental quality adjusted life years (QALYs) of 1.41 and incremental costs of 120,966 yuan vs. ezetimibe, both with background statins therapy, resulting in an ICER of 85,964 yuan per QALY gained. The probability that evolocumab is cost-effective at a threshold of 217,341 yuan (3 times per capita GDP, 2020) was 100% in patients with recent ACS, recent MI, VHR ASCVD and HoFH.Conclusion: Compared with ezetimibe, evolocumab was considered to be cost-effective in patients with a recent ACS event in China.
How Waterlogged Conditions Influence the Nitrogen Removal Performance in a Micro Constructed Wetland
Authors: Xie Lumeng , Liu Ying , Zhao Shiqiang , Dai Liyi , Zhang Mingxiang , Zhang Zhenming
Published: May 2021

Growing populations and industrialization have led to raised wetland ecosystems nitrogen(N) loads. A micro constructed wetland planted with Lythrum salicaria L treating an artificial wastewater was used to investigate the short-term variations in the plant biomass and the removal efficiency of N. Our results showed that the biomass of Lythrum salicaria L. increased rapidly during the experiment due to their extensive root system and vigorous spread, and waterlogged conditions had little effect on the relationship between biomass and the concentration of TN in soil and effluent. Under different waterlogged conditions, the removal rates of TN in the water were all more than 60%, providing a reference for waterlogged conditions used in wetland eutrophication restoration.
Prognostic Nomogram and Risk Stratification System for Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: A SEER-Based Population Study
Authors: Lu Hai , Jiang Jinqun , Zhang YuZhu , Xu Rui , Ren Liping , Chen QianJun
Published: May 2021

Purpose To construct and validate a nomogram and risk stratification model for predicting overall survival (OS) of patients with breast cancer bone metastasis (BCBM).Methods We collected data on BCBM patients between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were excluded if the data on the follow-up time or clinicopathological information were incomplete. The patients were randomly divided into the training set and validation set. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed. By integrating these variables, a predictive nomogram and risk stratification model were constructed and assessed using C-indexes and calibration curves.Results Multivariate analysis showed that age, race, marital status, tumor subtype, grade, T classification, surgery, chemotherapy, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, and lung metastasis were independent prognostic indicators of BCBM. These results were reproducible when nomograms were applied to the testing cohort for external validation. The C-index of the nomogram to predict OS was 0.704, which was higher than that of the seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system (0.564; P<0.001). A risk stratification model was further generated to accurately differentiate patients into two prognostic groups. The survival rates predicted by the nomogram showed significant distinctions between the Kaplan–Meier curves in the entire cohort and each tumor subtype. Conclusion The nomogram and risk stratification system predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS for patients with newly diagnosed BCBM with satisfactory performance were constructed to help physicians in evaluating the mortality risk in patients with BCBM.
Precision and Accuracy of the Pre-Surgical Planning of Non-Cemented Total Hip Replacement With Calibrated Digital Images and Acetates
Authors: Useche Luis Fernando , Gaitan-Lee Hernando , Tovar María Alejandra Duarte , Halley Patrick Dennis , Jaramillo Alejandro Romero , García Efraim Leal
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPre-surgical planning in joint replacements allows an estimation of the size and position of the potential implant before surgery. Currently, there are two methods to estimate the size and position: Analogue and digital. This study aims to demonstrate that the hybrid technique is accurate and precise in pre-surgical planning of non-cemented Total Hip Replacement. MethodsConcordance-type study against a gold standard, as well as inter and intraobserver consistency evaluation of two orthopedic surgeons and two orthopedic surgery residents. Accuracy was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), afterwards, the same calculation was done taking into account a margin of error of 1 size above and 1 size below. ResultsThirty-eight patients were included in the study. 19 women and 19 men. 22 prostheses (57.89%) were right-lateralized and 16 left (42.11%). 12 prostheses (31.57%) were Stryker and 26 Johnson & Johnson (68.43%) Acetabular cup correlation compared with the gold standard was moderate: ICC reported 0.45 (95% CI, 0.15-0.76). When adjusted by +/-1 size ICC was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.18-0.79). On the other hand, results from the femoral stem reported: ICC 0.85 (95% CI, 0.07-0.98). When adjusted by +/-1 size ICC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.06-0.99). ConclusionsHybrid templating is a reliable substitute for analog or digital templating. It is quick and inexpensive; better results are observed in the femoral component. The level of expertise of the evaluator did not affect the accuracy of the planning. Level of evidence: Grade IV
Laboratory scale production of complex protein substrates using substrate-complimentary nanoenvironments
Authors: Deshpande Siddharth , Sadeghi Samira , Vallerinteavide Girish Mavelli , Aksoyoglu M. Alphan , Bafna Jayesh , winterhalter mathias , Kini Manjunatha , Lane David , Drum Chester
Published: May 2021

In vitro protein folding is a complex process which often results in protein aggregation, low yields and low specific activity. We report the use of nanoscale exoshells (tES) to provide specific nanoenvironments for the folding and release of 12 highly diverse protein substrates ranging from small protein toxins to human albumin, a dimeric protein (alkaline phosphatase), a trimeric ion channel (Omp2a) and the tetrameric tumor suppressor, p53. These proteins represent a unique diversity in size, volume, disulfide linkages, isoelectric point and multi versus monomeric nature of their functional units. Crude soluble yield (3-fold to > 100-fold), functional yield (2-fold to > 100-fold) and specific activity (3-fold to > 100-fold) were increased for all the proteins tested. The average soluble yield of POI was 6.5 mg/100 mg of tES. Charge complementation between the tES internal cavity and the protein substrate was the primary determinant in functional folding. Our results confirm the importance of nanoscale electrostatic effects and provide a novel nanoparticle solution for folding proteins in vitro.
Identification of Prognostic Signature and Immune Infiltration in the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Jian Xueyi , Wei Xiaofeng , Lin Yan , Huang Zena , Lin Jiaqiong
Published: May 2021

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), characterized by high immunogenicity, has an increasing incidence in recent years. The development of immunotherapy recently offered a promising treatment for patients with SKCM. Unfortunately, not all patients derive benefit from such treatment, so we still face considerable challenges. Hence, it is imperative to develop novel prognostic signature and identify immunotherapeutic targets. In the present study, patients in high immune scores group presented a higher survival rate, while no statistical difference was observed in groups with different stromal scores. 493 DEGs were identified for functional analysis, which were enriched in function related to immune regulation such as lymphocyte activation and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Subsequently, 84 DEGs intersected from Univariate Cox regression analysis and top 100 hub genes in PPI network were identified for the construction of prognostic model. Finally, a prognostic signature including 3 genes (HLA-DQB2, CD80 and GBP4) was established in TCGA training dataset, which was effectively validated in test dataset. Moreover, the model was considered as an independent prognostic factor via univariate and multivariate analysis. Besides, CIBERSORT and correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression level of risk scores was significantly correlated to infiltration levels of immune cells in SKCM. Above all, our study developed a novel prognostic signature, serving as potential prognostic biomarker for SKCM patients. A closely correlation between the prognostic model and tumor immune microenvironment was confirmed, offering a novel insight for the pathogenesis and potential immunotherapy for SKCM.