bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australia: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: Taflaga Marija
Published: October 2022

This entry includes data on changes to ministerial portfolios, party leadership changes and parliamentary composition (gender and party) in 2021. It notes changes to the Australian Electoral Act and the distribution of electoral seats federally. It includes election results from two subnational elections. It discusses a landmark report into the culture of the Australian Parliament, with specific reference to the relationship between political advisors and politicians, gender, bullying, and sexual assault. The entry notes the political decline of the ruling coalition government lead by Scott Morrison, and some, but not all, reasons for this. Policy issues discussed include women in politics, COVID‐19, climate change, the AUKUS security pact, the budget deficit and inequality.
Dual activation of estrogen receptor alpha and glucocorticoid receptor upregulate CRTh2‐mediated type 2 inflammation; mechanism driving asthma severity in women?
Authors: Vijeyakumaran Meerah , Jawhri MohdWessam Al , Fortunato Jenna , Solomon Lauren , Shrestha Palikhe Nami , Vliagoftis Harissios , Cameron Lisa
Published: October 2022

Background

Type 2‐high asthma is characterized by elevated levels of circulating Th2 cells and eosinophils, cells that express chemoattractant‐homologous receptor expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2). Severe asthma is more common in women than men; however, the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here we examined whether the relationship between severe asthma and type 2 inflammation differs by sex and if estrogen influences Th2 cell response to glucocorticoid (GC).

Methods

Type 2 inflammation and the proportion of blood Th2 cells (CD4+CRTh2+) were assessed in whole blood from subjects with asthma (n = 66). The effects of GC and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist on in vitro differentiated Th2 cells were examined. Expression of CRTh2, type 2 cytokines and degree of apoptosis (Annexin V+, 7‐AAD) were determined by flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, western blot and ELISA.

Results

In severe asthma, the proportion of circulating Th2 cells and hospitalizations were higher in women than men. Women with severe asthma also had more Th2 cells and serum IL‐13 than women with mild/moderate asthma. Th2 cells, eosinophils and CRTh2 mRNA correlated with clinical characteristics associated with asthma control in women but not men. In vitro, GC and ERα agonist treated Th2 cells exhibited less apoptosis, more CRTh2 as well as IL‐5 and IL‐13 following CRTh2 activation than Th2 cells treated with GC alone.

Conclusion

Women with severe asthma had higher levels of circulating Th2 cells than men, which may be due to estrogen modifying the effects of GC, enhancing Th2 cell survival and type 2 cytokine production.
Proposed refined diagnostic criteria and classification of eosinophil disorders and related syndromes
Authors: Valent Peter , Klion Amy D. , Roufosse Florence , Simon Dagmar , Metzgeroth Georgia , Leiferman Kristin M. , Schwaab Juliana , Butterfield Joseph H. , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Sotlar Karl , Vandenberghe Peter , Hoermann Gregor , Haferlach Torsten , Moriggl Richard , George Tracy I. , Akin Cem , Bochner Bruce S. , Gotlib Jason , Reiter Andreas , Horny Hans‐Peter , Arock Michel , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Gleich Gerald J.
Published: October 2022

Eosinophilia and eosinophil activation are recurrent features in various reactive states and certain hematologic malignancies. In patients with hypereosinophilia (HE), HE‐induced organ damage is often encountered and may lead to the diagnosis of a hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). A number of known mechanisms and etiologies contribute to the development of HE and HES. Based on these etiologies and the origin of eosinophils, HE and HES are divided into primary forms where eosinophils are clonal cells, reactive forms where an underlying reactive or neoplastic condition is detected and eosinophils are considered to be “non‐clonal” cells, and idiopathic HE and HES in which neither a clonal nor a reactive underlying pathology is detected. Since 2012, this classification and the related criteria have been widely accepted and regarded as standard. However, during the past few years, new developments in the field and an increasing number of markers and targets have created a need to update these criteria and the classification of HE and HES. To address this challenge, a Working Conference on eosinophil disorders was organized in 2021. In this conference, a panel of experts representing the relevant fields, including allergy, dermatology, hematology, immunology, laboratory medicine, and pathology, met and discussed new markers and concepts as well as refinements in definitions, criteria and classifications of HE and HES. The outcomes of this conference are presented in this article and should assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with HE and HES in daily practice and in the preparation and conduct of clinical trials.
Response of ground macrolichens to site factors, co‐existing plants and forestry in boreal forests
Authors: Tonteri Tiina , Hallikainen Ville , Merilä Päivi , Miina Jari , Rautio Pasi , Salemaa Maija , Tolvanen Anne
Published: October 2022

Aim

Ground lichens have declined in boreal and temperate Europe. The potential causes of the decline were explored by analysing the response of lichen cover to forest management, site and stand variables as well as co‐existing plants in different boreal vegetation subzones.

Location

Finland.

Methods

Understorey vegetation was surveyed on a systematic network of 1721 sample plots in forests on mineral soil. The response of macrolichen cover to explanatory variables was analysed by generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs).

Results

Ground lichens favoured old Pinus sylvestris forests on xeric sites with sufficient light conditions. Intensive forest management regimes, such as regeneration cutting and soil ploughing decreased lichen cover, while lighter scarification methods had less effect on lichens. Lichens benefitted from intermediate cutting on sites with low bryophyte cover. Lichens responded similarly to site and stand variables in all boreal subzones, showing that despite heavy reindeer grazing these response patterns apply also in the northern boreal subzone. Lichens showed both negative (Vaccinium myrtillus, Empetrum nigrum and Calluna vulgaris) and positive (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea) responses to increasing dwarf shrub cover. Generally, lichens negatively responded to increasing bryophyte cover, indicating either that bryophytes benefit from a decline of lichens or that there is real competition between these groups. The negative relationship between bryophytes and lichens strengthened as the tree canopy becomes denser.

Conclusions

Our study provides new quantitative insights into the effects of forest management and changes in forest structure as underlying factors for lichen decline both inside and outside the reindeer‐herding area (i.e., the northern boreal subzone). These factors include increased canopy cover with increased shading as well as disturbance caused by regeneration cutting and soil preparation. The possible effects of the long‐term legacy of nitrogen deposition, lack of forest fires and climate change are also discussed.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after intravitreal vascular growth factor inhibitor injections: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gan Grace , Michel Mathis , Max Antoine , Sujet‐Perone Nicolas , Zevering Yinka , Vermion Jean‐Charles , Zaidi Mohamed , Savenkoff Benjamin , Perone Jean‐Marc
Published: October 2022

Systemic administration of agents that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore vascular proliferation is often used to treat various cancers. However, these agents are associated with a number of side effects, including proteinuria and renal injury. Intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF agents has become the cornerstone of macular disease treatment. Since these agents cross the blood‐retina barrier and enter the circulation, systemic side effects have been reported. We report the novel case of a 57‐year‐old patient who presented with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion, underwent three monthly loading‐dose injections with the anti‐VEGF agent ranibizumab, and 2 weeks after the second injection presented with biopsy‐verified membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Twelve weeks after presenting with renal failure and 10 weeks after his last anti‐VEGF injection, the patient demonstrated spontaneous recovery of his kidney function. The patient had a history that promoted renal fragility, including hypertension, liver transplantation 6 years earlier for alcohol‐related cirrhosis and new‐onset diabetes mellitus after transplant. Our literature review and case suggest that although adverse renal events after intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections are very rare, ophthalmologists and nephrologists should be aware of this risk.
Inherited bone marrow failure with macrothrombocytopenia due to germline tubulin beta class I (TUBB) variant
Authors: Shah Yash B. , Lin Ping , Chen Stone , Zheng Alan , Alcaraz Wendy , Towne Meghan C. , Gabriel Courtney , Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Lambert Michele P. , Olson Timothy S. , Frank Dale M. , Ellis Colin A. , Babushok Daria V.
Published: October 2022

Germline mutations in tubulin beta class I (TUBB), which encodes one of the β‐tubulin isoforms, were previously associated with neurological and cutaneous abnormalities. Here, we describe the first case of inherited bone marrow (BM) failure, including marked thrombocytopenia, morphological abnormalities, and cortical dysplasia, associated with a de novo p.D249V variant in TUBB. Mutant TUBB had abnormal cellular localisation in transfected cells. Following interferon/ribavirin therapy administered for transfusion‐acquired hepatitis C, severe pancytopenia and BM aplasia ensued, which was unresponsive to immunosuppression. Acquired chromosome arm 6p loss of heterozygosity was identified, leading to somatic loss of the mutant TUBB allele.
The Uniform grading tooL for flexIble ureterorenoscoPes (TULIP‐tool): a Delphi consensus project on standardised evaluation of flexible ureterorenoscopes
Authors: Henderickx Michaël M.E.L. , Hendriks Nora , Baard Joyce , Wiseman Oliver J. , Scotland Kymora B. , Somani Bhaskar K. , Şener Tarik E. , Emiliani Esteban , Dragos Laurian B. , Villa Luca , Talso Michele , Bin Hamri Saeed , Proietti Silvia , Doizi Steeve , Traxer Olivier , Chew Ben H. , Eisner Brian H. , Monga Manoj , Hsi Ryan S. , Stern Karen L. , Leavitt David A. , Rivera Marcelino , Wollin Daniel A. , Borofsky Michael , Canvasser Noah E. , Ingimarsson Johann P. , El Tayeb Marawan M. , Bhojani Naeem , Gadzhiev Nariman , Tailly Thomas , Durutovic Otas , Nagele Udo , Skolarikos Andreas , Schout Barbara M.A. , Beerlage Harrie P. , Pelger Rob C.M. , Kamphuis Guido M.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To develop a standardised tool to evaluate flexible ureterorenoscopes (fURS).

Materials and Methods

A three‐stage consensus building approach based on the modified Delphi technique was performed under guidance of a steering group. First, scope‐ and user‐related parameters used to evaluate fURS were identified through a systematic scoping review. Then, the main categories and subcategories were defined, and the expert panel was selected. Finally, a two‐step modified Delphi consensus project was conducted to firstly obtain consensus on the relevance and exact definition of each (sub)category necessary to evaluate fURS, and secondly on the evaluation method (setting, used tools and unit of outcome) of those (sub)categories. Consensus was reached at a predefined threshold of 80% high agreement.

Results

The panel consisted of 30 experts in the field of endourology. The first step of the modified Delphi consensus project consisted of two questionnaires with a response rate of 97% (n = 29) for both. Consensus was reached for the relevance and definition of six main categories and 12 subcategories. The second step consisted of three questionnaires (response rate of 90%, 97% and 100%, respectively). Consensus was reached on the method of measurement for all (sub)categories.

Conclusion

This modified Delphi consensus project reached consensus on a standardised grading tool for the evaluation of fURS – The Uniform grading tooL for flexIble ureterorenoscoPes (TULIP) tool. This is a first step in creating uniformity in this field of research to facilitate future comparison of outcomes of the functionality and handling of fURS.
The associations of dietary habits with health, well‐being, and behavior in adolescents: A cluster analysis
Authors: Geraets Anouk Francine Jacqueline , Heinz Andreas
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Dietary habits may be associated with adolescents' health and behavior. However, previous findings are inconsistent and often unadjusted for sociodemographic confounders. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether dietary habits (consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, breakfast, and family meals) cluster among adolescents and (2) how these clusters associate with a range of health, well‐being, and behavior outcomes in a large population‐based sample of adolescents.

Methods

The study included adolescents (n = 7529; n = 3891 [51.7%] girls; mean [standard deviation] age = 14.9[2.1] years) from the 2018 Luxembourg Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study. We used cluster analysis to define clusters of dietary habits (consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, breakfast, and family meals) and logistic regression analyses to assess the cross‐sectional associations of the clusters with health, well‐being and behavior, adjusted for age, gender, family affluence, and migration background.

Results

Cluster analysis yielded five clusters of dietary habits: (1) healthy, (2) family meal and breakfast skippers, (3) sugar consumption, (4) unbalanced diet, and (5) unhealthy. The healthy cluster was associated with better health and positive mental health and behavior, whereas the less healthy clusters were associated with worse health, mental health problems, and risk behavior.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that healthy dietary habits associate with positive health and behavior, whereas unhealthy dietary habits associate with health problems and risk behavior during adolescence. More research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Interventions should include dietary habits as a component of lifestyle modification to improve adolescents' health, well‐being, and behavior.
Evaluation of the distribution characteristics of the mandibular lingual foramen and its potential risks during implant surgery using cone‐beam computed tomography a cross‐sectional, retrospective study
Authors: Liao Qianting , Chen Yingqi , Liao Yanfen , Lian Keqian
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The lingual foramen is a risk factor for implantation and other mandibular surgeries, but there are few systematic studies on the anatomical and distribution characteristics of the lingual foramen in the entire mandible.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study was performed using 405 CBCT images. The anatomical characteristics and symmetrical distribution of the mandibular lingual foramen were analyzed.

Results

All patients had at least one lingual foramina. According to the positional relationship between the mandibular lingual foramen and the root apex of tooth, the mandibular lingual foramen is divided into the upper lingual foramen and the lower lingual foramen. Upper lingual foramen were divided into three types according to its running direction, namely Type 1 (Enters the mandible and descend in the direction of the lower edge of the mandible), Type 2 (Enters the mandible and descends in the direction of the lower edge of the mandible with branches), and Type 3 (It enters the mandible and divides into two branches, one ascends toward the crest of the alveolar ridge, and the other descends toward the lower edge of the mandible). And their respective prevalence are 84.0% [95% Tolerance Limit (TL) 81.2%–86.8%], 9.9% [95% TL 7.6%–12.1%], and 6.1% [95% TL 4.3%–8.0%]. In addition, the 81.8% [95% TL 79.0%–84.7%] of the upper lingual foramen is distributed in the central incisor area. Lower lingual foramen were divided into three categories according to the running direction, namely Category 1 (Enters the mandible and ascends toward the buccal bone plate), Category 2 (Enters the mandible and descends toward the buccal bone plate), and Category 3 (Go straight into the mandible toward the buccal bone plate). And their respective prevalence are 29.6% [95% TL 26.4%–32.7%], 50.9% [95% TL 47.5%–54.4%] and 19.5% [95% TL 16.8%–22.3%]. The frequency of lower lingual foramen distributed anteriorly to the mental foramen is 55.8% [95% TL 52.3%–59.2%], mid‐mental foramen is 21.4%[95% TL 18.5%–24.2%], and posterior to the mental foramen is 22.8% [95% TL 20.0%–25.8%].

Conclusion

Both the upper and lower lingual foramina should be evaluated in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the mental foramen before implant surgeries.
Non‐surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri‐implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette—A randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial
Authors: Khan Sadia N. , Koldsland Odd Carsten , Roos‐Jansåker Ann‐Marie , Wohlfahrt Johan Caspar , Verket Anders , Mdala Ibrahimu , Magnusson Anna , Salvesen Eirik , Hjortsjö Carl
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This prospective, parallel‐group, examiner‐blinded, multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) versus titanium curettes (TC) on clinical parameters in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.

Material and Methods

In five dental specialist clinics, 39 patients with one implant with mild to moderate peri‐implantitis, defined as 2–4 mm radiographic reduced bone level, bleeding index (BI) ≥ 2, and probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm were randomly allocated to test and control groups, receiving OCB or TC debridement, respectively. Treatment was performed at baseline and three months. PPD, BI, and Plaque index (PI) were measured at six sites per implant and recorded by five blinded examiners at baseline, one, three, and six month(s). Pus was recorded as present/not present. Changes in PPD and BI were compared between groups and analysed using multilevel partial ordinal and linear regression.

Results

Thirty‐eight patients completed the study. Both groups showed significant reductions in PPD and BI at six months compared with baseline (p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in PPD and BI changes between the groups. Eradication of peri‐implant disease as defined was observed in 9.5% of cases in the OCB group and 5.9% in the TC group.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this six‐month multicentre clinical trial, non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis with OCB and TC showed no difference between the interventions. Eradication of disease was not predictable for any of the groups.
Colorimetric sensor based on polymeric thin film for arsenic quantitation using colour response calibration
Authors: Toonchue Saowanee , Bhawawet Nakara , Imyim Apichat
Published: October 2022

A simple, low‐cost and portable sensor for colorimetric determination of As(III) was developed. The sensing is carried out using a microcentrifuge tube as a mini‐reactor, where an Fe(III)‐1,10‐phenanthroline doped polyvinyl alcohol thin film is cast on the underside of the cap. Once Fe(III)‐1,10‐phenanthroline is reduced by arsine gas generated in situ from As(III), yielding the Fe(II)‐1,10‐phenanthroline complex, the red coloured product can be detected using colour analysis software. The As(III) content is then determined based upon the colour intensity of Fe(II)‐1,10‐phenanthroline on the film. Experimental conditions were optimised, and parameters affecting the complex formation and arsenic speciation were investigated. The method developed proved to be a selective colorimetric sensor for As(III). More significantly, the device could be directly used to detect As(III) in the field without any sample preparation requirements. The recovery for industrial wastewater and groundwater was found to be 97.5%‐104.0%. Hence, the thin film‐based test kit is easy to operate, portable and practical for the measurement of As(III) in the field.
Comparison of Brock University, Mayo Clinic and Herder models for pretest probability of cancer in solid pulmonary nodules
Authors: Susam Seher , Çinkooğlu Akın , Ceylan Kenan Can , Gürsoy Soner , Kömürcüoğlu Berna Eren , Mertoğlu Aydan , Çırak Ali Kadri , Gayaf Mine , Güldaval Filiz , Tuksavul Fevziye , Polat Gülru , Ataman Sena , Yıldırım Eylem , Koparal Hakan , Yücel Nur
Published: October 2022

Objective

Risk analysis models, which are used in the diagnostic algorithm of incidental pulmonary nodules, are based on patient data from developed countries. Mayo Clinic, Brock University and Herder are among the most known models. We aim to compare the reliability of these models in patients with indeterminate solid nodules and to investigate the contribution of the predictors used to the model.

Methods

We analysed 305 patients who performed transthoracic needle biopsy and positron emission tomography/computed tomography for solid nodules, retrospectively. For all three models, the malignancy risk probabilities of patients were calculated, and patients were classified as low (<5%), moderate (60%) and high (<60%) risk groups. Later, the malignancy rates of each model in three different risk groups were compared within each other and among the models.

Results

The malignancy rate is 73% in 305 patients. In the Mayo Clinic and Herder models, the difference in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐risk groups is significant (p < 0.001). In the medium‐risk group, the rate of malignancy is 96.8% in the Brock model. In the high‐risk group, the rate of malignancy in Herder is 88.3% and the rate of malignancy in Mayo Clinic is 28.8%. The optimal cutoff values for the Mayo Clinic, Brock University, and Herder were 29.6, 13.4 and 70 (AUC, respectively; 0.71, 0.67 and 0.73). Age, smoking, gender, size, emphysema and spiculation increase the likelihood of malignancy.

Conclusion

Close results were obtained in all three models. In the high‐risk group, the Herder model has the highest reliability rate (odds ratio 3.3, confidence interval [1.1, 10.2]). Upper lobe predilection is not a reliable predictor.
Why Did They Not Borrow? Debt‐Averse Farmers In Rural Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Khoa A. , Berg Nathan , Garces‐Ozanne Arlene , Knowles Stephen
Published: October 2022

Nonborrowers are defined as debt averse if they have never borrowed in the past and prefer avoiding debt in the future, even when offered generous borrowing terms such as zero interest rates, zero collateral, and easy debt‐forgiveness. Other nonborrower types have either borrowed in the past or are open to doing so in the future. To better understand nonborrowing behavior, credit preference types (CPTs) were measured among 575 low‐income farmers in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Among 208 current nonborrowers, 156 had never borrowed and only seven were credit rationed. Among never‐borrowers, 102 were debt‐averse. Thus, more than half of eligible nonborrowers (102 out of 201) were debt averse. This high prevalence challenges the assumption of unmet credit demand among the poor. Disaggregating CPTs reveals heterogeneity among nonborrowers that would remain observationally equivalent otherwise. We report reasons for not borrowing and investigate how observable characteristics influence the likelihood of debt aversion.
Psychological interventions targeting mental health and the mother–child relationship in autism: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kulasinghe Kavindri , Whittingham Koa , Mitchell Amy E. , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: October 2022

Aim

To investigate the efficacy of psychological interventions delivered to mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in improving maternal mental health and the parent–child relationship.

Method

Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2021. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions that targeted maternal mental health (primary outcome) and/or the parent–child relationship (secondary outcome), delivered to mothers of children (mean age < 60 months) with ASD. Meta‐analyses of three parent mental health outcomes (stress, depressive symptomatology, and general mental health) and seven parent–child relationship outcomes (parent responsiveness, affect, directiveness, non‐directiveness, child initiation, infant positive affect, and infant attentiveness) were conducted using both mean and standardized mean differences.

Results

Thirty‐two RCTs met the inclusion criteria (2336 participants). Six RCTs showed improved maternal mental health (Cohen's d = 0.41–1.15), with moderate certainty of evidence for improvement in parental stress. There was low and high certainty of evidence of treatment effect on parental depressive symptoms and general mental health respectively, which did not show significant treatment effects post‐intervention. Seventeen RCTs showed improved parent–child relationship (d = 0.33–2.28; low certainty of evidence).

Interpretation

Results demonstrated that parenting interventions promoting responsiveness had the largest positive effect on the parent–child relationship and a moderate effect on overall parenting stress; however, the studies were heterogeneous, making it difficult to identify the intervention components that were responsible for the positive treatment effects. There was no significant treatment effect for studies targeting depression or general mental health, likely due to the lack of an interventional component directly targeting mental health.
Cellular and humoral response to the fourth BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine dose in patients with CLL
Authors: Benjamini Ohad , Gershon Rotem , Bar‐Haim Erez , Lustig Yaniv , Cohen Hila , Doolman Ram , Kedmi Meirav , Ribakovsky Elena , Kneller Abraham , Hod Tammy , Erez Noam , Levy Itzhak , Rahav Galia , Avigdor Abraham
Published: October 2022

We assessed the humoral and cellular response to the fourth BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine dose in patients with CLL. A total of 67 patients with CLL and 85 age matched controls tested for serologic response and pseudo‐neutralization assay. We also tested the functional T‐cell response by interferon gamma (IFNγ) to spike protein in 26 patients. Two weeks after the fourth vaccine antibody serologic response was evident in 37 (55.2%) patients with CLL, 20 /22 (91%) of treatment naïve, and 9/32 (28%) patients with ongoing therapy, compared with 100% serologic response in age matched controls. The antibody titer increased by 10‐fold in patients with CLL, however, still 88‐folds lower than age matched controls. Predictors of better chances of post fourth vaccination serologic response were previous positive serologies after second, third, and pre‐fourth vaccination, neutralizing assay, and treatment naïve patients. T‐cell response improved from 42.3% before the fourth vaccine to 84.6% 2 weeks afterwards. During the time period of 3 months after the fourth vaccination, 14 patients (21%) developed COVID‐19 infection, all recovered uneventfully. Our data demonstrate that fourth SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination improves serologic response in patients with CLL to a lesser extent than healthy controls and induces functional T‐cell response.
Non‐driver gene mutation analysis in a large cohort of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Morishita Soji , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Furuya Chiho , Edahiro Yoko , Ochiai Tomonori , Shirane Shuichi , Inano Tadaaki , Yasuda Hajime , Ando Miki , Araki Marito , Komatsu Norio
Published: October 2022

Objectives

A proportion of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) harbor non‐driver mutations associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of non‐driver mutations in a large Japanese PV and ET cohort. Furthermore, we studied the relationship of these mutations and prognosis in Japanese patients.

Methods

We enrolled 843 Japanese patients with PV or ET. Non‐driver mutations were analyzed by target resequencing using next‐generation sequencing. The association of the mutations with the prognosis was estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis and log‐rank test.

Results

Non‐driver mutations were detected in 31.1% and 24.5% patients with PV and ET, respectively. Among them, ASXL1 mutations were identified as a risk factor for leukemic/myelofibrotic transformation in PV and ET patients (hazard ratio: 4.68, p = .006). The higher‐risk groups of the mutation‐enhanced international prognostic system (MIPSS)‐PV and MIPSS‐ET incorporating non‐driver mutations exhibited significantly shorter overall survival compared with the low‐risk group (p < .001).

Conclusions

These results implicate the importance of studying non‐driver mutations for predicting the prognosis and survival of Japanese PV and ET patients.
Parental mindfulness and externalizing problems in Chinese adolescents: Parenting anxiety and negative parenting as mechanisms
Authors: Bi Shuang , Zhou Huiwei , Wang Juan , Zhou Hui , Keller Peggy S.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The current study aims to examine parenting anxiety and negative parenting practices as intervening variables in the relation between parental dispositional mindfulness and Chinese adolescents' externalizing problems.

Background

Parental dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with their adolescents' adjustment difficulties through both positive and negative parenting practices in Western samples. However, research does not support these same pathways of effects among Eastern samples. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative mediators of the link between parental mindfulness and lower adolescent adjustment problems in Eastern cultures. The present study addresses this need by examining parenting anxiety as a mechanism linking parental dispositional mindfulness, negative parenting practices, and Chinese adolescents' externalizing problems.

Methods

Participants were 624 adolescents (aged from 9 to 18 years, M = 12.69 years, SD = 2.30) and their parents from urban areas in Southeast China. Parents completed questionnaires on their dispositional mindful awareness, parenting anxiety, and negative parenting practices, and adolescents reported on their externalizing problems.

Results

Structural equation modeling revealed that the indirect relation between parental dispositional mindful awareness and adolescents' externalizing problems was significant, with parenting anxiety and negative parenting practices as the first and second intervening variables.

Conclusion

The results highlighted the importance of parenting anxiety in the relation between parental mindful awareness and parenting.

Implications

It suggested that mindfulness‐based parenting interventions may help alleviate parenting anxiety, which may further improve parenting behaviors and indirectly decrease adolescents' externalizing problems.
Hustling in the creative industries: Narratives and work practices of female filmmakers and fashion designers
Authors: Steedman Robin , Brydges Taylor
Published: October 2022

This paper examines practices and narratives of hustling in the creative industries. We draw on two illustrative cases: independent female filmmakers in Nairobi, Kenya, and independent female fashion designers in Toronto, Canada, with a combined 69 interviews. Taking a comparative, intersectional approach, we explore both the practices and narratives that entrepreneurial creative workers construct. In doing so, we contribute to ongoing conceptual debates regarding the contemporary nature of work in creative industries. We define hustling in the creative industries as entrepreneurially navigating precarity to build and sustain creative businesses. We argue that hustling is not merely a “stage” of work and life to be moved past or overcome, but instead an ongoing, entrepreneurial creative practice. This fact has implications for how we think about success and creative work: hustling is not a deviation from the good life, but a way of making a good life in precarious circumstances.
Tourist accommodation, consumption and platforms
Authors: Guaita Martínez José Manuel , Martín Martín José María , Salinas Fernández José Antonio , Ribeiro Soriano Domingo Enrique
Published: October 2022

The expansion of mediated accommodation on peer to peer (P2P) platforms, such as Airbnb, has generated extensive economic impact and structural changes in all the destinations involved. This study proposes an innovative analysis which estimates the economic impact associated with the expenditure of tourists staying in traditional hotel establishments in comparison to the impact of those staying in tourist housing mediated through P2P platforms. This research analyses fieldwork based on 1343 surveys carried out in the city of Granada, one of the main tourist destinations in Spain. Through the application of the input–output methodology we found that tourists staying in tourist housing mediated through P2P platforms generate a greater impact as a consequence of longer average stays and more heterogeneously distributed consumption. Their average expenditure is similar to that of tourists in hotels, but the indirect impact generated is greater. Consequently, we can better comprehend the economic impact associated with these platforms and their real effect. Public planners have to consider this information as part of the regulation and restriction of this activity.
Does use of animal therapy during dental care help to reduce anxiety in children and adolescents? A systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Caroline Diniz Pagani Vieira , Alves Júlia Barros , Kominami Paula Akemi , Takeshita Eliana Mitsue , Bezerra Ana Cristina Barreto , Massignan Carla
Published: October 2022

Background

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT) is considered a useful technique to reduce anxiety in children and adolescents in medical settings.

Aim

To investigate whether the use of AAT helps to reduce anxiety during dental care in children and adolescents.

Design

Systematic review that included randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials with children up to 18‐years of age undergoing dental appointments. The databases Embase, Cochrane, Pubmed/Medline, LILACS, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched including gray literature. Random‐effects meta‐analyses using mean difference (MD) and narrative synthesis (vote counting) were implemented. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 for randomized clinical trials. The certainty of the evidence was performed using GRADE.

Results

A total of 1103 references were identified, and after a two‐phase selection, three studies were included. Anxiety, behavior, and pain were the outcomes. A meta‐analysis with 146 participants was performed for anxiety at three time points: before treatment (MD −0.40, CI: −1.06 to 0.26; I2 = 0%; p = .24), during treatment (MD −3.64, CI: −11.18 to 3.91; I2 = 94%; p = .34), and after treatment (MD −5.97, CI: −17.08 to 5.14; I2 = 98% p = .29). There was no difference during dental treatment with or without ATT (dogs), as well as for narrative analysis for any outcome. The risk of bias was high mainly because of the randomization and outcome measurement.

Conclusion

There is no evidence to support or refute that the presence of AAT during dental care can help reduce anxiety in children (5–11 years). Studies with larger samples are suggested. Protocol registration (CRD42021293593).
Complications of hidradenitis suppurativa after surgical management: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Bangli , Huang Zhongkui , Yi Qingling , Zheng Xuhai
Published: October 2022

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the apocrine glands in the axillary, groin, and breast regions, with apparent physiological and psychosocial sequelae. As many studies have reported, surgical management is one of the treatment options. A comprehensive systematic review of surgical treatment for HS is provided in this study. Literature retrieval was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and clinical registries from their inception to 1 May 2022. The principles of the PRISMA were adhered to in the process of literature search and the reference lists of the articles retrieved were also checked for further reference. Heterogeneity was assessed in meta‐analysis by means of the Q‐test and I2 index. A total of 13 studies were finally included which involved 535 participants in total. The average estimated complication rate was 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4%–16.9%). The meta‐analysis was conducted on pooled complication sample studies and pooled recurrence sample studies. The recurrence was 16.2% (95% CI, 9.1%–24.9%). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in HS complications among different closure types. Among different locations, the highest rate of 16.0% (95% CI, 6.8%–28.2%) was multiple locations. Besides, differences were also observed in diverse excision methods and the highest was deroofing 13.9% (95% CI, 2.2%–33.2%). Extensive resection, using skin flaps or skin grafts as a closure method, was associated with a higher incidence of complications. Providers should consider carefully the use of extensive resection or using skin flaps or skin grafts as a closure method so as to minimise the risk of adverse events.
Coprecipitation synthesis of Ca14Al10Zn6O35:Mn4+ deep‐red phosphor and silica‐modified waterproofing ability
Authors: Nakagawa Ayu , Nakabayashi Hirotoshi , Nishiwaki Yoshinori , Ogo Shuhei , Ueda Tadaharu , Hasegawa Takuya
Published: October 2022

Ca14Al10Zn6O35:Mn4+ (CAZ:Mn) phosphor material, which shows deep‐red luminescence, was synthesized by the coprecipitation (COP) method using a Na2CO3/NaOH solution as the precipitant. COP–CAZ:Mn phosphor exhibited a 2.1 times higher luminescence intensity than the corresponding phosphor prepared using the conventional solid‐state reaction (SSR) method. This substantial increase in luminescence was mainly ascribed to the existence of a greater proportion of tetravalent manganese in COP–CAZ:Mn phosphor. Furthermore, COP–CAZ:Mn phosphor was modified with SiO2 via hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to waterproof the compound because it is easily decomposed through hydrolysis under humid conditions. The SiO2‐modified CAZ:Mn phosphor maintained its crystal structure and high photoluminescence intensity after the water‐resistance test. Therefore, waterproof CAZ:Mn phosphor with a high luminescence intensity was successfully discovered by utilizing the coprecipitation method and SiO2 modification.
Electrospun Ca3Co4−xO9+δ nanofibers and nanoribbons: Microstructure and thermoelectric properties
Authors: Kruppa Katharina , Maor Itzhak I. , Steinbach Frank , Beilin Vadim , Mann‐Lahav Meirav , Wolf Mario , Grader Gideon S. , Feldhoff Armin
Published: October 2022

Oxide‐based ceramics offer promising thermoelectric (TE) materials for recycling high‐temperature waste heat, generated extensively from industrial sources. To further improve the functional performance of TE materials, their power factor should be increased. This can be achieved by nanostructuring and texturing the oxide‐based ceramics creating multiple interphases and nanopores, which simultaneously increase the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. The aim of this work is to achieve this goal by compacting electrospun nanofibers of calcium cobaltite Ca3Co4−xO9+δ, known to be a promising p‐type TE material with good functional properties and thermal stability up to 1200 K in air. For this purpose, polycrystalline Ca3Co4−xO9+δ nanofibers and nanoribbons were fabricated by sol–gel electrospinning and calcination at intermediate temperatures to obtain small primary particle sizes. Bulk ceramics were formed by sintering pressed compacts of calcined nanofibers during TE measurements. The bulk nanofiber sample pre‐calcined at 973 K exhibited an improved Seebeck coefficient of 176.5 S cm−1 and a power factor of 2.47 μW cm−1 K−2 similar to an electrospun nanofiber‐derived ceramic compacted by spark plasma sintering.
Within‐population variation in body size plasticity in response to combined nutritional and thermal stress is partially independent from variation in development time
Authors: Chakraborty Avishikta , Walter Greg M. , Monro Keyne , Alves André N. , Mirth Christen K. , Sgrò Carla M.
Published: October 2022

Ongoing climate change has forced animals to face changing thermal and nutritional environments. Animals can adjust to such combinations of stressors via plasticity. Body size is a key trait influencing organismal fitness, and plasticity in this trait in response to nutritional and thermal conditions varies among genetically diverse, locally adapted populations. The standing genetic variation within a population can also influence the extent of body size plasticity. We generated near‐isogenic lines from a newly collected population of Drosophila melanogaster at the mid‐point of east coast Australia and assayed body size for all lines in combinations of thermal and nutritional stress. We found that isogenic lines showed distinct underlying patterns of body size plasticity in response to temperature and nutrition that were often different from the overall population response. We then tested whether plasticity in development time could explain, and therefore regulate, variation in body size to these combinations of environmental conditions. We selected five genotypes that showed the greatest variation in response to combined thermal and nutritional stress and assessed the correlation between response of developmental time and body size. While we found significant genetic variation in development time plasticity, it was a poor predictor of body size among genotypes. Our results therefore suggest that multiple developmental pathways could generate genetic variation in body size plasticity. Our study emphasizes the need to better understand genetic variation in plasticity within a population, which will help determine the potential for populations to adapt to ongoing environmental change.
A priority nursery area for the conservation of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini in Mexico
Authors: Rodriguez‐Arana Favela Juan P. , Hernández Sebastián , González‐Armas Rogelio , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Tripp‐Valdez Arturo , Hoyos‐Padilla Mauricio , Ketchum James T.
Published: October 2022

This study describes the genetic diversity and level of genetic differentiation of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini from eight putative nursery areas in the Mexican Pacific Ocean, using the mtDNA control region. Genetic analyses revealed a particular spatial divergence between La Reforma and all the remaining sites, with five exclusive haplotypes and the highest genetic diversity. This pattern may be interpreted as the signature of regional female philopatry, relatively to a particular female‐mediated gene flow for La Reforma, which shows a strong subdivision in the Gulf of California.
Contemporary perspectives on the ecological impacts of invasive freshwater fishes
Authors: Britton John Robert
Published: October 2022

Introductions of non‐native freshwater fish continue to increase globally, although only a small proportion of these introductions will result in an invasion. These invasive populations can cause ecological impacts in the receiving ecosystem through processes including increased competition and predation pressure, genetic introgression and the transmission of non‐native pathogens. Definitions of ecological impact emphasize that shifts in the strength of these processes are insufficient for characterizing impact alone and, instead, must be associated with a quantifiable decline of biological and/or genetic diversity and lead to a measurable loss of diversity or change in ecosystem functioning. Assessments of ecological impact should thus consider the multiple processes and effects that potentially occur from invasive fish populations where, for example, impacts of invasive common carp Cyprinus carpio populations are through a combination of bottom‐up and top‐down processes that, in entirety, cause shifts in lake stable states and decreased species richness and/or abundances in the biotic communities. Such far‐reaching ecological impacts also align to contemporary definitions of ecosystem collapse, given they involve substantial and persistent declines in biodiversity and ecosystem functions that cannot be recovered unaided. Thus, while not all introduced freshwater fishes will become invasive, those species that do develop invasive populations can cause substantial ecological impacts, where some of the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning might be sufficiently harmful to be considered as contributing to ecosystem collapse.
Effects of freeze‐dried black carrot fiber addition on the physicochemical, color, sensory attributes, and mineral contents of ayran
Authors: Say Dilek , Saydam İbrahim Başar , Güzeler Nuray
Published: October 2022

The present study was conducted to evaluate the production of ayran by adding freeze‐dried black carrot fiber at different ratios (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%), followed by its storage for 14 days. It turned out that the more the amount of black carrot added, the more the amounts of Na, Mg, K, and Ca, though the sensory scores decreased. While pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, whey separation, and acetaldehyde contents of ayran were not affected by black carrot addition (p > .05), water‐holding capacity, volatile fatty acids, L*, a*, and b* values appeared to be significantly affected (p < .05). The highest and lowest a* values were determined on the 1st (A1: 7.09) and 14th (C: −1.24) days, respectively. Higher L*, b*, and volatile fatty acid values were found in the ayran sample containing 0.25% black carrot fiber (A1) following the control samples. Apart from the water‐holding capacity of ayran, no significant change occurred in other properties during storage (p > .05). The highest water‐holding capacity was observed in A2 (19.53%) on the 14th day of storage. The ayran‐containing 0.25% black carrot fiber presented the best results. Fortification of ayran with black carrot fiber is likely to make a significant contribution to the diversification of functional dairy products.

Novelty impact statement

Freeze‐drying of black carrot will enable to obtain rich color substances in its composition, reduce transportation, and storage costs, and provide a product with a longer shelf life. This study has aimed to increase the consumption of high‐fiber black carrot, which is freeze‐dried and powdered, by adding it into ayran, and to benefit from the rich nutritional content of black carrot, as well as developing a natural, nutritious, and highly appealing product for consumers. As a consequence, an important contribution will be made to the product diversification in the dairy industry. The functional properties that black carrot will bring to ayran will ultimately benefit public health.