bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA metabarcoding captures different macroinvertebrate biodiversity than morphological identification approaches across a continental scale
Authors: Emmons Sean C. , Compson Zacchaeus G. , Malish Megan C. , Busch Michelle H. , Saenz Veronica , Higgins Kierstyn T. , Allen Daniel C.
Published: July 2023

DNA‐based aquatic biomonitoring methods show promise to provide rapid, standardized, and efficient biodiversity assessment to supplement and in some cases replace current morphology‐based approaches that are often less efficient and can produce inconsistent results. Despite this potential, broad‐scale adoption of DNA‐based approaches by end‐users remains limited, and studies on how these two approaches differ in detecting aquatic biodiversity across large spatial scales are lacking. Here, we present a comparison of DNA metabarcoding and morphological identification, leveraging national‐scale, open‐source, ecological datasets from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). Across 24 wadeable streams in North America with 179 paired sample comparisons, we found that DNA metabarcoding detected twice as many unique taxa than morphological identification overall. The two approaches showed poor congruence in detecting the same taxa, averaging 59%, 35%, and 23% of shared taxa detected at the order, family, and genus levels, respectively. Importantly, the two approaches detected different proportions of indicator taxa like %EPT and %Chironomidae. DNA metabarcoding detected far fewer Chironomid and Trichopteran taxa than morphological identification, but more Ephemeropteran and Plecopteran taxa, a result likely due to primer choice. Overall, our results showed that DNA metabarcoding and morphological identification detected different benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Despite these differences, we found that the same environmental variables were correlated with invertebrate community structure, suggesting that both approaches can accurately detect biodiversity patterns across environmental gradients. Further refinement of DNA metabarcoding protocols, primers, and reference libraries–as well as more standardized, large‐scale comparative studies–may improve our understanding of the taxonomic agreement and data linkages between DNA metabarcoding and morphological approaches.
State‐of‐the‐art document on optimal contemporary management of cardiomyopathies
Authors: Seferović Petar M. , Polovina Marija , Rosano Giuseppe , Bozkurt Biykem , Metra Marco , Heymans Stephane , Mullens Wilfried , Bauersachs Johann , Sliwa Karen , de Boer Rudolf A. , Farmakis Dimitrios , Thum Thomas , Olivotto Iacopo , Rapezzi Claudio , Linhart Aleš , Corrado Domenico , Tschöpe Carsten , Milinković Ivan , Bayes Genis Antoni , Filippatos Gerasimos , Keren Andre , Ašanin Milika , Krljanac Gordana , Maksimović Ružica , Skouri Hadi , Ben Gal Tuvia , Moura Brenda , Volterrani Maurizio , Abdelhamid Magdy , Lopatin Yuri , Chioncel Ovidiu , Coats Andrew J.S.
Published: July 2023

Cardiomyopathies represent significant contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Over the past decades, a progress has occurred in characterization of the genetic background and major pathophysiological mechanisms, which has been incorporated into a more nuanced diagnostic approach and risk stratification. Furthermore, medications targeting core disease processes and/or their downstream adverse effects have been introduced for several cardiomyopathies. Combined with standard care and prevention of sudden cardiac death, these novel and emerging targeted therapies offer a possibility of improving the outcomes in several cardiomyopathies. Therefore, the aim of this document is to summarize practical approaches to the treatment of cardiomyopathies, which includes the evidence‐based novel therapeutic concepts and established principles of care, tailored to the individual patient aetiology and clinical presentation of the cardiomyopathy. The scope of the document encompasses contemporary treatment of dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. It was based on an expert consensus reached at the Heart Failure Association online Workshop, held on 18 March 2021.
CO2‐mediated bloater defect can be induced by the uncontrolled growth of Enterobacteriaceae in cucumber fermentation
Authors: Zhai Yawen , Pagán‐Medina Christian G. , Pérez‐Díaz Ilenys M.
Published: July 2023

Enterobacteriaceae are known to proliferate in cucumber juice, deriving energy from the fermentation of sugars to organic acids and ethanol, and theoretically generating carbon dioxide (CO2). We hypothesized that the CO2 produced by the indigenous Enterobacteriaceae in the early stage of cucumber fermentation accumulates in the fermenting fruits causing bloater defect. The ability of seven Enterobacteriaceae, indigenous to cucumber, to grow and produce CO2 in cucumber juice medium (CJM), a sterile model system for cucumber fermentation, was characterized. The induction of bloater defect in cucumber fermentation conducted with pasteurized and acidified fruits was also evaluated. The generation times of the seven Enterobacteriaceae in CJM ranged between 0.25 and 8.20 h and resulted in carbon dioxide (CO2) production to estimated amounts of 7.22–171.5 mM. Enterobacter cancerogenus and Enterobacter nimipressuralis were among the bacteria that produced the most and the least CO2 in CJM, respectively, at estimated mM concentrations of 171.58 ± 42.96 and 16.85 ± 6.53. Inoculation of E. cancerogenus and E. nimipressuralis in acidified and pasteurized cucumbers resulted in the production of 138 and 27 mM CO2, respectively. Such Enterobacteriaceae produced 2% hydrogen in the model cucumber fermentations. A bloater index of 25.4 and 17.4 was calculated from the cucumbers fermented by E. cancerogenus and E. nimipressuralis, respectively, whereas no defect was observed in the fruits collected from uninoculated control fermentation jars. It is concluded that the metabolic activity of the Enterobacteriaceae indigenous to cucumber can produce sufficient CO2 in cucumber fermentations to induce bloater defect.
Trilemma association of natural resources, technology and innovation's applications in regional growth
Authors: Hui Juan , Tan Qingmei
Published: July 2023

The relationship between natural resources and environmental damage significantly affects the ecosystem, and technological advancements are essential to managing these issues. However, funding unfavourable environmental initiatives financially has prompted several concerns about establishing a clear connection between the environment and financial market items. The relationship between natural resources, technology and innovation for sustainable development in China from 2000 to 2021 is examined in this study. In order to investigate the highlighted link, the research makes use of a variety of econometric tools, including the Augmented Mean Group, Common Correlated Effects Mean Group and Driscoll‐Kraay estimators. The cointegration findings based on Westerlund J. (2007) demonstrate that the study's specified variables have a long‐run equilibrium connection across the examined time. According to empirical research, environmental deterioration is caused by technology, natural resources, foreign direct investment and total reserves, whereas technical innovation and renewable energy lower CO2 emissions. Additionally, the connection between technical innovation and industrial value‐added has a detrimental effect on the ecology in the Chinese provinces. Based on these findings, China's provinces are urged to promote green technology development while maintaining the bloc's high environmental protection standards. The closing portion has various critical policy implications for safeguarding environmental quality in China.
Canine Support Program: Student perceptions and preferences at a regional university and implications for health, well‐being, and student support enhancements
Authors: Tom Vana , King Jemma C. , McBain‐Rigg Kristin E.
Published: July 2023

Issue Addressed

Canine Support Programs (CSPs) are a potential solution to growing university student support demands. While current studies focus on the impacts of CSPs, there is limited understanding of the views and expectations of tertiary students about CSPs. This study explored the perceptions and preferences of students in an Australian regional university about CSPs.

Methods

A questionnaire with multiple choice and open‐ended questions surveyed residential students' perspectives about CSP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical tests and thematic analysis for open responses.

Results

Majority (98%) of participants (sample n = 48) would support a CSP on campus. Frequent, small‐group interactions of ≥15 min involving physical contact were preferred. Dog disposition, welfare‐trained handlers, and veterinary certification were important aspects of program safety. Participants strongly agreed a CSP would improve mental health and well‐being, relieve stress, reduce feelings of homesickness, provide support, comfort, and enable social interactions.

Conclusion

There is strong support among the study population for CSP to be established on campus. This study supports earlier research that CSP has benefit potential for new, stressed, and/or students who love dogs. The preferences of students should inform program design to enhance utility and impact. This aligns with Health Promoting Universities and College's Okanagan Charter principle of ‘engaging student voices’. More institutional awareness and support for CSPs will be necessary for integration.

So What?

This study reveals the need for tailored and creative student support beyond traditional offerings including those that focus on student well‐being and social initiatives. CSPs can be utilised as an advocate, enabler, and medium for mental health promotion action and well‐being support for tertiary students; thereby, contributing to the ‘Health Promoting University’ agenda in Australia. It also reinforces the need for a Health in All Policies approach to be incorporated into our tertiary education sector. Future actions should focus on improving institutional awareness, support, and sector implementation.
International actions in spurring innovation in agriculture water management
Authors: Koo‐Oshima Sasha
Published: July 2023

The multifaceted global challenges such as the ever‐growing food demand, climate change and rising commodity prices bring to the fore the need for more productive food systems. Irrigation is arguably a principal strategy to increase agricultural productivity and improve the resilience to climate change. A systems‐based approach to produce more food with less resources, through innovative practices and digital tools, can support integrated information for water management to strengthen resources' governance and inform decision‐making. Context‐based innovations must target end users with aims for inclusive governance, recognizing gender and indigenous and traditional knowledge. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) accelerates actions with partners such as the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) by mobilizing data, innovation and technology through diverse stakeholder groups through inclusive and gender‐responsive approaches, to guide, through national strategies, regional platforms and collaboration, agricultural development, and enable investment and behaviour change, supported by innovative practices, tools and digital solutions.
Distinct habitat and biogeochemical properties of low‐oxygen‐adapted tropical oceanic phytoplankton
Authors: Cox Isabelle , Brewin Robert J. W. , Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Sheen Katy , Sathyendranath Shubha , Rasse Rafael , Ulloa Osvaldo
Published: July 2023

We use data collected by Biogeochemical Argo (BGC‐Argo) float, over a 5‐year period (2016–2021), to study the dynamics of a unique low‐oxygen‐adapted phytoplanktonic community in the eastern tropical North Pacific. We isolate this community using a model that partitions vertical profiles of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and particulate backscattering into the contributions of three communities of phytoplankton: C1, the community in the mixed‐layer; C2, at the deep Chl a maximum; and C3, in low‐oxygen waters at the base of the euphotic zone. We find that C3 has a similar chl‐specific particulate backscattering to C2, both lower than C1. C2 and C3 contribute significantly to integrated stocks of Chl a, both at around 41%, and both around 30% of integrated particulate backscattering (after removing a background signal attributed to nonalgal particles). Found at depths of around 100 m, the peak biomass of C3 is lower than C2 (located at around 60 m), and yet, C3 makes similar contributions to integrated stocks, because it has a broader peak than C2. In relation to C1 and C2, C3 thrives in a lower temperature, higher density, lower light, lower oxygen, and higher saline habitat. This work illustrates how BGC‐Argo floats, in combination with simple conceptual models, can be used to observe the dynamics of unique communities of phytoplankton in extreme environments. The projected climate‐driven changes in oxygen minimum zones add urgency to understand the vulnerabilities of these communities both in terms of stocks and composition.
Development and validation of a prognostic model incorporating tumor thrombus grading for nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: A multicohort study
Authors: Qu Le , Chen Hui , Chen Qi , Ge Silun , Jiang Aimin , Yu Nengwang , Zhou Yulin , Kunc Michał , Zhou Ye , Feng Xiang , Zhai Wei , Wu Zhenjie , He Miaoxia , Li Yaoming , Chen Rui , Han Bo , Zeng Xing , Fu Yao , Ji Changwei , Fan Xiang , Zhang Guangyuan , Zhao Cheng , Jing Taile , Feng Chenchen , Zhao Hongwei , Sun Di , Wang Liang , Tai Sheng , Zhang Cheng , Chen Shaohao , Liu Yixun , Wang Haifeng , Gao Jinli , Gu Yufeng , Miao He , Zhao Tangliang , Yi Xiaoming , Tang Chaopeng , Fu Dian , He Haowei , Rao Qiu , Zhou Wenquan , Xu Ning , Wang Gongxian , Liang Chaozhao , Liu Zhiyu , Xia Dan , Zu Xiongbing , Chen Ming , Guo Hongqian , Qin Weijun , Wang Zhe , Xue Wei , Shi Benkang , Wang Shaogang , Zheng Junhua , Chen Cheng , Zapała Łukasz , Ge Jingping , Wang Linhui
Published: July 2023

There is significant variability with respect to the prognosis of nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with venous tumor thrombus (VTT). By applying multiregion whole‐exome sequencing on normal‐tumor‐thrombus‐metastasis quadruples from 33 ccRCC patients, we showed that metastases were mainly seeded by VTT (81.8%) rather than primary tumors (PTs). A total of 706 nonmetastatic ccRCC patients with VTT from three independent cohorts were included in this study. C‐index analysis revealed that pathological grading of VTT outperformed other indicators in risk assessment (OS: 0.663 versus 0.501–0.610, 0.667 versus 0.544–0.651, and 0.719 versus 0.511–0.700 for Training, China‐Validation, and Poland‐Validation cohorts, respectively). We constructed a risk predicting model, TT‐GPS score, based on four independent variables: VTT height, VTT grading, perinephric fat invasion, and sarcomatoid differentiation in PT. The TT‐GPS score displayed better discriminatory ability (OS, c‐index: 0.706–0.840, AUC: 0.788–0.874; DFS, c‐index: 0.691–0.717, AUC: 0.771–0.789) than previously reported models in risk assessment. In conclusion, we identified for the first‐time pathological grading of VTT as an unheeded prognostic factor. By incorporating VTT grading, the TT‐GPS score is a promising prognostic tool in predicting the survival of nonmetastatic ccRCC patients with VTT.
The evaluation of the effect of metal oxide and ferroelectric ceramic additives on the structural and dielectric properties of epoxy matrix
Authors: Şahin Nazlıcan , Karabul Yaşar , Kılıç Mehmet , Güven Özdemir Zeynep , Esmer Kadir
Published: July 2023

This study focused on examining and comparing the effects of Bi2O3, WO3, and ferroelectric Bi2WO6 ceramic particles on the frequency‐dependent electrical properties of an epoxy matrix, which is known for its good mechanical strength, easy processability, high oxidation resistance, low dielectric loss, and sealing and adhesive properties. The reinforcing particles as well as the composites were examined by Fourier transform infrared analysis, and electrical measurements were carried out at room temperature with an impedance analyzer in the range 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The energy storage performances of the three composite families were compared by limiting the analysis to the real and imaginary components of the complex dielectric constant (ε′ and ε″), the AC conductivity, and the phase angle. When the ε′ and ε″ values of the pure epoxy and the 20% by mass Bi2O3, WO3 and Bi2WO6 doped composites were compared it was observed that WO3 additive causes higher ε′ values than the other additives in the entire frequency region, ignoring the high dielectric loss. However, when ε′ and ε″ were evaluated together, Bi2O3 and Bi2WO6 additives caused lower dielectric loss than WO3 and higher ε′ values than pure epoxy which make these additives more advantageous than WO3 for energy storage applications. In addition to these examinations, frequency‐dependent phase angle evaluation has suggested that 30% Bi2O3 and 20% Bi2WO6 additives can be considered promising for energy storage applications in the high‐frequency region. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Rigid amorphous fraction in isotactic polystyrene induced by cold crystallization: Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry and ellipsometry
Authors: Chen Boran , Feng Boxuan , Wang Tong , Torkelson John M.
Published: July 2023

Rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in bulk and thin‐film states of isotactic polystyrene (iPS) was studied as a function of crystalline fraction (CF). The CF increased with isothermal cold crystallization in initially amorphous, melt‐quenched bulk iPS samples. Assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, RAF in bulk iPS increased and then decreased with increasing crystallization time and CF. Specific RAF, that is, RAF/CF, decreased with increasing CF. Using ellipsometry, similar behaviors of RAF and specific RAF as functions of CF were observed in initially amorphous iPS thin films. These results indicate that specific RAF in iPS exhibits a continuous decrease from slightly below 2 at very low CF to ~0.2 at the maximum CF, independent of sample type and characterization method. This trend of decreasing specific RAF is consistent with a progression of crystal perfection during cold crystallization which is associated with lamellae thickening and decoupling between crystalline and amorphous regions. Qualitatively similar behaviors of RAF and specific RAF have been reported in other semi‐crystalline polymers and in our recent studies of syndiotactic polystyrene, indicating that this trend of decreasing specific RAF with increasing CF is general for many semi‐crystalline polymers. Finally, maximum CF is strongly reduced by nanoscale confinement in thin iPS films.
Evidence for Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Transitions at the WS2/Terrylene Interface
Authors: Tanda Bonkano Boubacar , Palato Samuel , Krumland Jannis , Kovalenko Sergey , Schwendke Philipp , Guerrini Michele , Li Qiuyang , Zhu Xiaoyang , Cocchi Caterina , Stähler Julia
Published: July 2023

The realization of the potential of hybrid inorganic organic systems requires an understanding of the coupling between the constituents: its nature and its strength. The observation of hybrid optical transitions in the monolayer WS2/terrylene hybrid is reported. The first‐principle calculations, linear optical, and transient absorption spectroscopy are employed to investigate the optical spectrum of the hybrid, which exhibits a new transition that does not appear in the constituents’ spectra. The calculations indicate type II level alignment, with the highest occupied level of terrylene in the gap of WS2. Exploiting state‐resolved transient absorption, the response of the hybrid interface to optical excitation is selectively probed. The dynamics reveal rapid hole transfer from WS2 to the terrylene layer, with a decay time of 88 ps. This hole transfer induces a bleach of the hybrid transition, which indicates that terrylene contributes to its initial state. Based on this, the hybrid resonance energy, and on our calculations, we assign the hybrid feature to a transition from the highest occupied molecular orbital of terrylene to the conduction band of WS2 close to the Γ point. The results indicate that the conditions for strong electronic coupling are met in this hybrid system.
Transmission of knowledge and social learning for disaster risk reduction and building resilience: A Delphi study
Authors: Ross Helen , Haque C. Emdad , Berkes Fikret
Published: July 2023

The UN Sendai Framework recognized the need for making our communities safer and more resilient to disasters by shifting policy goals from “managing disasters” to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and building resilience. For DRR and building community resilience to disaster shocks, this study posits that social learning, a process of mutual development and sharing knowledge through iterative reflections on experience, is key to changing the conventional linear logic‐based, reactive framework into one based on learning‐by‐doing (adaptive management). Toward this end, a three‐round Policy Delphi process was pursued with a combination of 18 international DRR and SES (social–ecological systems) resilience scholars, practitioners, and public officials. Weak policy frameworks; operational, cultural and educational/training silos; and domination of technical knowledge were identified as major challenges in knowledge and learning transmission. Balancing technical knowledge with social science, and working toward transdisciplinary approaches and transformative practices should, therefore, be nurtured.
Selective Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp3)−H Oxidations in Fluoroalcohols
Authors: Shen Haiwei , Yang Bo , Lin Jiusheng , Zheng Mingyue , Jiang Hualiang
Published: July 2023

A site‐selective electrochemical benzylic C(sp3)−H oxidation reaction of aryl alkanes has been reported for synthesis of the desired products. This method significantly expands the scope and enhances the selectivity of aryl aldehydes and fluorinated ethers. Electricity is used as a sustainable oxidant and promote H2 evolution. This protocol is eco‐friendly and easy to handle as it uses a simple undivided cell in mild conditions without employing any catalyst and oxidant.
Semiclassical approach to form factors in the sinh-Gordon model
Authors: Lashkevich Michael , Lisovyy Oleg , Ushakova Tatiana
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Form factors in the sinh-Gordon model are studied semiclassically for small values of the parameter b ~ ħ1/2 in the background of a radial classical solution, which describes a heavy exponential operator placed at the origin. For this purpose we use a generalization of the radial quantization scheme, well known for a massless boson field. We introduce and study new special functions which generalize the Bessel functions and have a nice interpretation in the Tracy-Widom theory of the Fredholm determinant solutions of the classical sinh-Gordon model. Form factors of the exponential operators in the leading order are completely determined by the classical solutions, while form factors of the descendant operators contain quantum corrections even in this approximation. The construction of descendant operators in two chiralities requires renormalizations similar to those encountered in the conformal perturbation theory.
Pudexacianinium (ASP5354) chloride for ureter visualization in participants undergoing laparoscopic, minimally invasive colorectal surgery
Authors: Albert Matthew , Delgado-Herrera Leticia , Paruch Jennifer , Gerritsen-van Schieveen Pauline , Kishimoto Tomoyoshi , Takusagawa Shin , Cai Na , Fengler John , Raizer Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

Background

Intraoperative ureteral injury, a serious complication of abdominopelvic surgeries, can be avoided through ureter visualization. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging offers real-time anatomical visualization of ureters during surgery. Pudexacianinium (ASP5354) chloride is an indocyanine green derivative under investigation for intraoperative ureter visualization during colorectal or gynecologic surgery in adult and pediatric patients.

Methods

In this phase 2 study (NCT04238481), adults undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomized to receive one intravenous dose of pudexacianinium 0.3 mg, 1.0 mg, or 3.0 mg. The primary endpoint was successful intraoperative ureter visualization, defined as observation of ureter fluorescence 30 min after pudexacianinium administration and at end of surgery. Safety and pharmacokinetics were also assessed.

Results

Participants received pudexacianinium 0.3 mg (n = 3), 1.0 mg (n = 6), or 3.0 mg (n = 3). Most participants were female (n = 10; 83.3%); median age was 54 years (range 24–69) and median BMI was 29.3 kg/m2 (range 18.7–38.1). Successful intraoperative ureter visualization occurred in 2/3, 5/6, and 3/3 participants who received pudexacianinium 0.3 mg, 1.0 mg, or 3.0 mg, respectively. Median intensity values per surgeon assessment were 1 (mild) with the 0.3-mg dose, 2 (moderate) with the 1.0-mg dose, and 3 (strong) with the 3.0-mg dose. A correlation was observed between qualitative (surgeon’s recognition/identification of the ureter during surgery) and quantitative (video recordings of the surgeries after study completion) assessment of fluorescence intensity. Two participants experienced serious adverse events, none of which were drug-related toxicities. One adverse event (grade 1 proteinuria) was related to pudexacianinium. Plasma pudexacianinium concentrations were dose-dependent and the mean (± SD) percent excreted into urine during surgery was 22.3% ± 8.0% (0.3-mg dose), 15.6% ± 10.0% (1.0-mg dose), and 39.5% ± 12.4% (3.0-mg dose).

Conclusions

In this study, 1.0 and 3.0 mg pudexacianinium provided ureteral visualization for the duration of minimally invasive, laparoscopic colorectal procedures and was safe and well tolerated.
Zusammenhänge etablierter HRV-Parameter mit selten verwendeten Parametern in Zeiträumen unterschiedlicher Dauer
Authors: Rother Janosch Jens , Darius Sabine , Thielmann Beatrice , Sammito Stefan , Böckelmann Irina
Published: July 2023

Die Analyse der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) wird immer häufiger in verschiedenen arbeitswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen, aber auch in klinischen Forschungsfeldern zur Einschätzung der Aktivität des autonomen Nervensystems genutzt, um Rückschlüsse auf Belastung und Allgemeinzustand von Proband*innen und Patient*innen zu ziehen. Problematisch ist die große Fülle an verschiedensten HRV-Parametern, die zwar alle auf den ersten Blick die HRV analysieren, im Detail aber häufig durchaus ganz unterschiedliche Aspekte des komplexen autonomen Nervensystems widerspiegeln. Diese Querschnittsstudie vergleicht verschiedene, häufig genutzte HRV-Parameter mit selten verwendeten Parametern in drei unterschiedlichen Zeiträumen von 24 h, 6 h nachts und 1 h vormittags miteinander. Hierzu trugen 289 Probandinnen ein 24-h-EKG-Gerät zur Messung der Abstände der Herzaktionen. Die Auswertung der Daten demonstrierte, dass die betrachteten Parameter sich in unterschiedlich langen Messzeiträumen verschieden verhielten. Die Betrachtung einiger nur selten verwendeter HRV-Parameter zeigte, dass diese mit den etablierten Parametern zwar korrelierten, aber durchaus unterschiedlich in verschiedenen Aufnahmezeiträumen und -settings reagierten und somit ein großes Potenzial für weitere Untersuchungen haben.
From Videogames to Teaching — Different Camera Perspectives in an Interactive Synchronous Online Tutorial
Authors: Boten David Niklas , Daum Nils , Schutz Thomas , Spethmann Sebastian
Published: July 2023

The global COVID-19 pandemic has required clinical skills training to be transferred to an online format. An interactive synchronous online tutorial with different camera perspectives was developed. In a survey, 79% of the students preferred the first-person perspective, which allowed students to view the abdominal examination through the examiner’s eyes.
Image inpainting via progressive decoder and gradient guidance
Authors: Hou Shuang , Dong Xiucheng , Yang Chencheng , Wang Chao , Guo Hongda , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2023

Very recently, with the widespread research of deep learning, its achievements are increasingly evident in image inpainting tasks. However, many existing multi-stage methods fail to effectively inpainting the larger missing areas, their common drawback is that the result of each stage is easily misguided by the wrong content generated in the previous stage. To solve this issue, in this paper, a novel one-stage generative adversarial network based on the progressive decoding architecture and gradient guidance. Firstly, gradient priors are extracted at the encoder stage to be passed to the decoding branch, and multiscale attention fusion group is used to help the network understand the image features. Secondly, multiple parallel decoding branches fill and refine the missing regions by top-down passing the reconstructed priors. This progressively guided repair avoids the detrimental effects of inappropriate priors. The joint guidance of features and gradient priors helps the restoration results contain the correct structure and rich details. And the progressive guidance is achieved by our fusion strategy, combining reimage convolution and design channel coordinate attention to fuse and reweight the features of different branches. Finally, we use the multiscale fusion to merge the feature maps at different scales reconstructed by the last decoding branch and map them to the image space, which further improves the semantic plausibility of the restoration results. Experiments on multiple datasets show that the qualitative and quantitative results of our computationally efficient model are competitive with those of state-of-the-art methods.
Relationships between religion, moral foundations, and environmentalism in young adult Catholics
Authors: Skalski-Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin , Konaszewski Karol , Toussaint Loren L. , Kwiatkowska Anna , Surzykiewicz Janusz
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of moral foundations in the relationship between religion and environmentalism. The online survey data was collected from 616 young adult Catholics from Poland aged 19–25, who are likely to be affected by climate change more than any other generation before them. Regression analysis showed that the relationship between religion and environmentalism can be predicted by the opposing paths of spirituality (positively) and religious fundamentalism (negatively). Analysis of multiple mediator models showed that the relationship between religion and climate care can be mediated by complex moral profiles that can influence each other and jointly contribute to the development of environmentalism. Analysis of specific indirect effects showed that care/harm and fairness/cheating play a special role in promoting climate care. The results suggest that religious attitudes, along with moral values, may play a significant role in solving climate problems.
Introducing String Diagrams
Authors: Hinze Ralf , Marsden Dan
Published: July 2023

String diagrams are powerful graphical methods for reasoning in elementary category theory. Written in an informal expository style, this book provides a self-contained introduction to these diagrammatic techniques, ideal for graduate students and researchers. Much of the book is devoted to worked examples highlighting how best to use string diagrams to solve realistic problems in elementary category theory. A range of topics are explored from the perspective of string diagrams, including adjunctions, monad and comonads, Kleisli and Eilenberg–Moore categories, and endofunctor algebras and coalgebras. Careful attention is paid throughout to exploit the freedom of the graphical notation to draw diagrams that aid understanding and subsequent calculations. Each chapter contains plentiful exercises of varying levels of difficulty, suitable for self-study or for use by instructors.
The Envy of Asinius Gallus
Authors: Satterfield Susan
Published: July 2023

This paper explores the career and fall of Gaius Asinius Gallus. It argues that Gallus supported Tiberius and worked to increase the Senate's dignity, and that he mediated between the Senate and emperor. It explains Gallus’ downfall in light of his career: he resented Sejanus as a threat to the Senate, and he envied his role as Tiberius’ adiutor. His efforts to honour the prefect in 30 CE were not enough to save him.
Are You a Vegan or Are You an Extremist?
Authors: Francione Gary L.
Published: July 2023

Our conventional wisdom about animal ethics, as embodied in the animal welfare position, is that animals are not things to whom we can have no moral obligations. Animals who are sentient, or subjectively aware, have a morally significant interest in not suffering. But, because they are not self-aware, they do not as an empirical matter have an interest in continuing to live. So we may use and kill animals as long as we do so ‘humanely’ and do not impose ‘unnecessary’ suffering on them. There are at least two serious problems with our conventional wisdom in this regard. First, because animals are chattel property, we undervalue or ignore their interests in not suffering. Second, we cannot justify the view that animals who are sentient do not have a morally significant interest in continuing to live. If animals are not things and matter morally, our institutionalized exploitation of them cannot be justified, and veganism is a moral imperative.
Too Mild, too Harsh, or Just About Right?
Authors: Ćepulić Dominik-Borna
Published: July 2023

Abstract: People around the world reacted differently to measures implemented by governments to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus. Some research showed that people with higher neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and lower extraversion were more supportive of such measures. The present study investigated the differences in personality between individuals who perceived measures as appropriate (AP), too mild (TM), and too harsh (TH), and how these differences were moderated by perceived health risk and measure stringency. The responses of 62,229 participants from 15 countries were analyzed using linear mixed models. Compared to AP, TM was: generally less agreeable; higher in neuroticism and lower in extraversion (both when health risk was perceived); and higher in openness (when the stringency index was at its mean or higher). Relative to AP, TH was lower in neuroticism (when health risk was perceived), higher in extraversion (when health risk was perceived or uncertain), openness (when stringency index was higher than the mean), and conscientiousness (when health risk was perceived and when it was not perceived). Despite the modest effects, these findings help to understand reactions to public health interventions and may be psychologically meaningful in the long term.
Extension of Large Fire Emissions From Summer to Autumn and Its Drivers in the Western US
Authors: Wang S. S.‐C. , Leung L. R. , Qian Y.
Published: July 2023

Burned areas in the western US have increased ten‐fold since 1980s, which are attributable to multiple factors, including increasing heat, changing precipitation patterns, and extended drought. To better understand how these factors contribute to large fire emissions (gridded monthly fire emissions >95th percentile of all the fire emissions in the western US; 0.009 Gg/month), we build a machine learning model to predict fire emissions (PM2.5) over the western US at 0.25° resolution, interpreted using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). From the predictor contributions derived from XAI, we conduct k‐means clustering analysis to identify four clusters of predictor variables representing different drivers of large fire emissions. The four clusters feature the contributions of fuel load (Cluster 1) and different levels of dryness (Cluster 2–4), controlled by fuel moisture, drought condition, and fire‐favorable large‐scale meteorological patterns featuring high temperature, high pressure, and low relative humidity. In the past two decades, large fire emissions peak in summer. However, large fire emissions increased significantly in September and October in 2010–2020 relative to 2000–2009, extending the peak large fire emissions from summer to autumn. The larger enhancements of large fire emissions during autumn compared to summer are contributed by decreased fuel moisture, along with more frequent concurrent fire‐favorable large‐scale meteorological patterns and drought. These results highlight fuel drying as a common driver supported by multiple drivers, such as warmer temperature and more frequent synoptic patterns favorable for fires, in increasing the autumn risk of large fire emissions across the western US.
Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)
Authors: Kaveh‐Firouz Amaneh , Burg Jean‐Pierre , Haghipour Negar , Mandal Sanjay Kumar , Christl Marcus , Mohammadi Ali
Published: July 2023

The NNW Iranian Plateau and west Alborz within the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone are characterized by three main tectono‐stratigraphic zones, crosscut by the Qezel‐Owzan River (QOR) Basin. The interplay between present‐day deformation and climate, which control the landscape evolution of the region, is still poorly constrained. We addressed this gap by measuring millennial‐scale erosion rates from 10Be‐concentration in the QOR sands along with topographic/climatic metrics analyses. Results reveal low erosion rates in the Plateau and relatively high in the west Alborz. The regional consistency of topographic parameters with geomorphology suggests that they control sediment fluxes in the Plateau, while the surface uplift, active thrust‐faulting, and shallow crustal seismicity in the west Alborz are the main controlling factors. Climate has a secondary role on erosion rates. Furthermore, we calculated exhumation rates from published thermochronometric AFT/AHe ages to determine their relationship with 10Be short‐term data. Results imply that the exhumation rates increased slightly in the Plateau and west Alborz from ∼26 to ∼10 Ma, simultaneous with hard collision processes between the Arabia‐Eurasia. This trend accelerated from ∼10 to ∼2.8 Ma due to the isolation of the Caspian Sea and extreme base‐level fall. From ∼2.8 to ∼2 Ma, base‐level rise occurred under climate influence, and erosion rates decreased. Millennial‐scale data show the erosion rate decreased from ∼2 Ma to the Present‐day, which is attributed to the change in deformation style and fault kinematics from fold/thrusting to mainly strike‐slip faulting. The significantly lower erosion rates in the Plateau compared to west Alborz suggest a relatively stable plateau surface.
Flexible multichannel electrodes for acute recording in nonhuman primates
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Qifan , Zheng Ruichen , Xu Xinxiu , Yang Xinze , Gui Qiang , Yang Xiaowei , Wang Yijun , Cui He , Pei Weihua
Published: July 2023

Flexible electrodes have demonstrated better biocompatibility than rigid electrodes in relieving tissue encapsulation and long-term recording. Nonhuman primates are closer to humans in their brains’ structural and functional properties, thus making them more suitable than rodents as animal models for potential clinical usage. However, the application of flexible electrodes on nonhuman primates has rarely been reported. In the present study, a flexible multichannel electrode array for nonhuman primates was developed and implemented for extracellular recording in behaving monkeys. To minimize the window of durotomy for reducing possible risks, a guide-tube-compatible implantation solution was designed to deliver the flexible electrodes through the dura into the cortex. The proposed structure for inserting flexible electrodes was characterized ex vivo and validated in vivo. Furthermore, acute recording of multichannel flexible electrodes for the primates was performed. The results showed that the flexible electrodes and implantation method used in this study meet the needs of extracellular recording in nonhuman primates. Task-related neuronal activities with a high signal-to-noise ratio of spikes demonstrated that our whole device is currently a minimally invasive and clinically viable approach for extracellular recording.
Evidence of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling on a digital quantum simulator
Authors: Keenan Nathan , Robertson Niall F. , Murphy Tara , Zhuk Sergiy , Goold John
Published: July 2023

Understanding how hydrodynamic behaviour emerges from the unitary evolution of the many-particle Schrödinger equation is a central goal of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this work we implement a digital simulation of the discrete time quantum dynamics of a spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$

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XXZ spin chain on a noisy near-term quantum device, and we extract the high temperature transport exponent at the isotropic point. We simulate the temporal decay of the relevant spin correlation function at high temperature using a pseudo-random state generated by a random circuit that is specifically tailored to the ibmq-montreal 27 qubit device. The resulting output is a spin excitation on a homogeneous background on a 21 qubit chain on the device. From the subsequent discrete time dynamics on the device we are able to extract an anomalous super-diffusive exponent consistent with the conjectured Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling at the isotropic point. Furthermore we simulate the restoration of spin diffusion with the application of an integrability breaking potential.
The daily updated Dutch national database on COVID-19 epidemiology, vaccination and sewage surveillance
Authors: Geubbels E. L. P. E. , Backer J. A. , Bakhshi-Raiez F. , van der Beek R. F. H. J. , van Benthem B. H. B. , van den Boogaard J. , Broekman E. H. , Dongelmans D. A. , Eggink D. , van Gaalen R. D. , van Gageldonk A. , Hahné S. , Hajji K. , Hofhuis A. , van Hoek A. J. , Kooijman M. N. , Kroneman A. , Lodder W. , van Rooijen M. , Roorda W. , Smorenburg N. , Zwagemaker F. ,   National sewage surveillance group, Beck Yu-Ling , van Beugen Dorothe , van Boven Michiel , Breuning Titus , van Buuren Chesley , Dijkstra Sipke , Ding Weiyi , van der Drift Anne-Merel , Grift Ivo , Haver Auke , Hetebrij Wouter , van de Hoef Demi , de Jong Kim , de Klijne Arnoud , Koelewijn Jaap , Kooij Jannetje , Korevaar Jeroen , Lynch Gretta , Nagelkerke Erwin , Nicanci Süeda , Peters Noel , Peterse Céline , van der Plaats Rozemarijn , Poorter Elsa , Raaijmakers Gino , van Rijckevorsel Lars , de Rijk Sharona , Sam-Sin Nathanaël , Senyer Merve , Sheikh Moghaddas Reza , Stouten Sjors , Theijn Rick , van Velzen Max , Voshart Ilse , Welling Anne , Wijsmuller Arno , Winkelhorst Nicolas , Wong-Loi-Sing Gimairo ,   RIVM COVID-19 epidemiology, surveillance team, Andeweg Stijn , van den Berg Patrick , Berry Danytza , Boudewijns Bronke , de Bruijn Siméon , Bulsink Kirsten , Dalhuisen Thomas , van Iersel Senna , Jenniskens Liz , Jongenotter Femke , de Lange Marit , Lanooij Susan , de Melker Hester , Maxwell Amber , Neppelenbroek Nienke , Nijman Steven , de Oliviera Bressane Lima Priscila , Petit Fleur , Smit Tara , Teirlinck Anne , Valk Anne-Wil , Veldhuijzen Irene , Verstraten Carolien , Wielders Lieke , Willekens Guido , de Keizer N. F. , van Walle I. , de Roda Husman A. M. , Ruijs C. , van den Hof S.
Published: July 2023

The Dutch national open database on COVID-19 has been incrementally expanded since its start on 30 April 2020 and now includes datasets on symptoms, tests performed, individual-level positive cases and deaths, cases and deaths among vulnerable populations, settings of transmission, hospital and ICU admissions, SARS-CoV-2 variants, viral loads in sewage, vaccinations and the effective reproduction number. This data is collected by municipal health services, laboratories, hospitals, sewage treatment plants, vaccination providers and citizens and is cleaned, analysed and published, mostly daily, by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) in the Netherlands, using automated scripts. Because these datasets cover the key aspects of the pandemic and are available at detailed geographical level, they are essential to gain a thorough understanding of the past and current COVID-19 epidemiology in the Netherlands. Future purposes of these datasets include country-level comparative analysis on the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 in different contexts, such as different cultural values or levels of socio-economic disparity, and studies on COVID-19 and weather factors.
The Translational Data Catalog - discoverable biomedical datasets
Authors: Welter Danielle , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Grouès Valentin , Sallam Nirmeen , Ancien François , Shabani Abetare , Asariardakani Saeideh , Alper Pinar , Ghosh Soumyabrata , Burdett Tony , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Gu Wei , Satagopam Venkata
Published: July 2023

The discoverability of datasets resulting from the diverse range of translational and biomedical projects remains sporadic. It is especially difficult for datasets emerging from pre-competitive projects, often due to the legal constraints of data-sharing agreements, and the different priorities of the private and public sectors. The Translational Data Catalog is a single discovery point for the projects and datasets produced by a number of major research programmes funded by the European Commission. Funded by and rooted in a number of these European private-public partnership projects, the Data Catalog is built on FAIR-enabling community standards, and its mission is to ensure that datasets are findable and accessible by machines. Here we present its creation, content, value and adoption, as well as the next steps for sustainability within the ELIXIR ecosystem.
An open presurgery MRI dataset of people with epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia type II
Authors: Schuch Fabiane , Walger Lennart , Schmitz Matthias , David Bastian , Bauer Tobias , Harms Antonia , Fischbach Laura , Schulte Freya , Schidlowski Martin , Reiter Johannes , Bitzer Felix , von Wrede Randi , Rácz Atilla , Baumgartner Tobias , Borger Valeri , Schneider Matthias , Flender Achim , Becker Albert , Vatter Hartmut , Weber Bernd , Specht-Riemenschneider Louisa , Radbruch Alexander , Surges Rainer , Rüber Theodor
Published: July 2023

Automated detection of lesions using artificial intelligence creates new standards in medical imaging. For people with epilepsy, automated detection of focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) is widely used because subtle FCDs often escape conventional neuroradiological diagnosis. Accurate recognition of FCDs, however, is of outstanding importance for affected people, as surgical resection of the dysplastic cortex is associated with a high chance of postsurgical seizure freedom. Here, we make publicly available a dataset of 85 people affected by epilepsy due to FCD type II and 85 healthy control persons. We publish 3D-T1 and 3D-FLAIR, manually labeled regions of interest, and carefully selected clinical features. The open presurgery MRI dataset may be used to validate existing automated algorithms of FCD detection as well as to create new approaches. Most importantly, it will enable comparability of already existing approaches and support a more widespread use of automated lesion detection tools.