bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposed Improvement of Demand Forecast Accuracy using Six Sigma DMAIC in PT XYZ
Authors: Narayana I Putu Edward , Handayati Yuanita
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to optimizing strategies for PT XYZ, specifically focusing on bridging the gaps between demand forecasts and actual market demand of lubricants product, with a strong emphasis on the Business-to-Business (B2B) segment. B2B introduces unique challenges, necessitating a specialized approach. Employing the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to uncover deficiencies in current sales forecasting methods. The Holt-Winter method is then applied to offer robust remedies, effectively minimizing complexities such as seasonal patterns and market trends. Drawing on historical data from the B2B lubricants segment served by PT XYZ, the analysis establishes a solid empirical foundation. This comprehensive forecasting approach positions PT XYZ as a market leader, equipped to anticipate and pre-empt market fluctuations. The application of the Holt-Winter time series method not only significantly enhances forecasting accuracy but also mitigates substantial risks linked to inventory imbalances concerning demand. The implementation of such a robust forecasting framework stands to elevate the operational efficiency of PT XYZ, with a paramount commitment to maintaining customer satisfaction in the dynamic business landscape.
Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in Adult Population of Coastal Area: A Cross-Sectional Study in Maringkik Island, Indonesia
Authors:   University of Mataram, Syafii Harahap Herpan , Windri Rivarti Arina , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati , Faradina Zubaidi Fitriannisa , Suryani Dini , Ocktaviana Saputri Legis , Indrayana Yanna , Andhera Athalita , Hilam Muhammad , Didar Haq Abiyyu
Published: August 2024

Cognitive impairment is a medical condition commonly found in elderly populations, which can be due to vascular risk factors in patients. There remains limited data on risk factors for cognitive impairment among coastal region populations. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for cognitive impairment in the adult population of Maringkik Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Data collected were age, sex, education level, hypertension, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and body mass index status. A total of 114 participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling method. The participants’ cognitive function assessment used the Mini-Cog instrument. The cognitive impairment frequency in the island’s adult population was approximately 48.2%. The final model of multiple regression analysis showed that hypertension (OR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.0 – 5.0; p-value: 0.045) was a characteristic associated with the cognitive impairment frequency. Thus, the high frequency of cognitive impairment and hypertension frequency as primary risk factors for cognitive impairment in the island’s adult population implies the need to develop strategies for detecting and managing hypertension and hypertension-related cognitive impairment in the population by local health authorities.
Food Hygiene and Sanitation at the Jakarta Pondok Gede Hajj Embarkation Dormitory: Food Safety Efforts for the Hajj Pilgrims
Authors:   Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Hayati Fauziah , Asyary Al ,   Universitas Indonesia, Wispriyono Bambang ,   Universitas Indonesia, Rashid Harunor ,   The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization, Canberra; The University of Sydney, Memish Z Memish ,   King Salman Humanitarian Aid & Relief Center, Riyadh; Alfaisal University, Riyadh
Published: August 2024

Several health risks are associated with performing Hajj pilgrimage. Food poisoning is a major cause of diarrhea and vomiting during Hajj. Food hygiene is an effort to control aspects of food, people, places, and equipment that could cause disease or health problems. This study aimed to describe food hygiene and sanitation efforts implemented in 2023 at the Jakarta Pondok Gede Hajj Embarkation Dormitory in Jakarta, implemented in 2023 to safeguard foods for the Hajj pilgrims. Using a descriptive qualitative design with a document analysis approach, this study examined activities during the pre-embarkation and embarkation periods. Pre-embarkation efforts included inspecting the kitchen environment and coaching the catering team, while during the embarkation period, activities involved checking the hygiene of catering services, inspecting foods brought by pilgrims, and assessing the quality of food and drink. This study found that the dormitory kitchen did not meet the necessary facilities and infrastructure requirements, affecting food safety. Additionally, food handlers did not fully comply with hygiene and sanitation standards. This study emphasized the necessity of meeting hygiene requirements in the kitchen, food handling, equipment, and ingredients since the pre-embarkation period.
Promoción de actividad física en escolares y adolescentes
Authors: Medina García Catalina , Jáuregui Alejandra , Blas Nabetse , Campos Ismael , Macías Nayeli , López-Ridaura Ruy , Barquera Simón
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Examinar los factores asociados con el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones de los comportamientos del movimiento (CM) y la asociación con el estado nutricional en escolares y adolescentes mexicanos. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022-2023 (Ensanut 2022-2023). Se obtuvo información de CM (actividad física, sedentarismo y sueño), características sociodemográficas (sexo, índice de bienestar, nivel educativo y área) y estado nutricional (índice de masa corporal). Se utilizaron regresiones logísticas crudas y ajustadas. Resultados. Ser mujer, vivir en áreas urbanas y tener un mayor índice de bienestar se asoció con no cumplir ninguna de las recomendaciones CM (escolares) o algún CM individual (escolares y adolescentes). No cumplir con ninguna de las tres recomendaciones de los CM se asoció con más posibilidades de tener sobrepeso/obesidad en adolescentes. Conclusiones. Es necesario implementar estrategias con perspectiva de género que promuevan CM saludables en áreas urbanas y con mayor índice de bienestar.
Enfermedad diarreica e infección respiratoria aguda en menores de cinco años
Authors: Delgado-Sánchez Guadalupe , Ferreira-Guerrero Elizabeth , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia Dolores , Mongua-Rodríguez Norma , Martínez-Hernández Maribel , Canizales-Quintero Sergio , Téllez-Vázquez Norma Aracely , Cruz-Salgado Arturo , García-García Lourdes
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Analizar las tendencias del porcentaje de enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) e infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) y factores asociados en niñas y niños menores de cinco años en México. Material y métodos. Se estimaron los porcentajes de EDA e IRA en las dos semanas previas a la entrevista, con base en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2021-2023 (Ensanut Continua 2021-2023) y se compararon con las reportadas en las Ensanut 2006, 2012 y 2018. Se identificaron, mediante regresión logística múltiple, factores asociados a EDA e IRA en 2021-2023. Resultados. Se estimó 7.8% de ocurrencia de EDA y 21.3% de IRA en 2021-2023, menores a años previos. Presentar EDA se asoció con tener uno o dos años vs. cuatro años; residir en las regiones pacífico-norte, pacífico-centro, centro-norte, Ciudad de México, Estado de México, pacífico-sur y la península vs. la frontera; y que una mujer sea jefa del hogar. Presentar IRA se asoció con hogares con nivel bajo de bienestar vs. nivel alto en las regiones pacífico-norte, la frontera, centro-norte, pacífico-sur y la península vs. el Estado de México. Conclusiones. Se recomienda fortalecer las capacidades de las autoridades de salud de los distintos niveles, con la sociedad civil, para prevenir la EDA y la IRA y asegurar acceso al agua potable con perspectiva de género.
Desarrollo infantil temprano
Authors: Vázquez-Salas Argelia , Hubert Celia , Villalobos Aremis , Ortiz Sesangari , De Castro Filipa , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Analizar la situación de la infancia en salud, cuidado cariñoso y sensible, y desarrollo infantil temprano (DIT) en infancias menores de 60 meses durante 2021-2023. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2021-2023 (Ensanut Continua 2021-2023. Se estimaron prevalencias e intervalos de confianza al 95% de cada indicador y se desagregaron por características sociodemográficas; se estimó la probabilidad de DIT adecuado mediante regresión logística. Resultados. El acceso a servicios de salud prenatal y de primera infancia es bajo. El 39.0% de las infancias no cuenta con libros infantiles y 50.4% está expuesto a métodos de disciplina violenta. El 95.2% está expuesto al menos a un factor de riesgo que afecta su probabilidad de lograr un DIT adecuado y ésta disminuye con cada factor de riesgo adicional. Conclusión. Existen indicadores relacionados con la primera infancia que deben atenderse focalizadamente para que las infancias expuestas a más factores de riesgo logren un DIT adecuado.
Dificultad del funcionamiento en población infantil
Authors: Vázquez-Salas R Argelia , Allen-Leigh Betania , Hubert Celia , Villalobos Aremis , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Katz Gregorio , Cortés-Alcalá Ricardo , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de dificultad del funcionamiento en niñas, niños y adolescentes mexicanos de 5 a 17 años y calcular perfiles poblacionales durante 2021-2023. Material y métodos. Se utilizó el módulo del grupo Washington y el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (Unicef) para medir dificultad del funcionamiento. Se calcularon prevalencias e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) y perfiles poblacionales mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados. El 18.1% de las personas de 5 a 17 años tiene dificultad del funcionamiento, con mayor prevalencia en niñas. Los dominios con mayores prevalencias fueron ansiedad, depresión y hacer amigos. Ser niña y tener una madre con escolaridad secundaria y no unida incrementan la posibilidad de presentar dificultad del funcionamiento. El castigo físico se asocia positivamente con dificultades de funcionamiento. Conclusión. La política pública debe buscar facilitar el acceso a tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las personas de 5 a 17 años con dificultad del funcionamiento, especialmente si tienen características que incrementen la posibilidad de presentar estas dificultades.
Tamizaje del cáncer cervical
Authors: León-Maldonado Leith Soledad , López-Olmedo Nancy , Murillo Raúl , Hurtado-Salgado Erika , Allen-Leigh Betania , Armengol-Alonso Alejandra , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Estimar las prevalencias de uso de las pruebas del Papanicolaou (Pap) y del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) antes y después del inicio de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos. Se analizó el uso de las pruebas de tamizaje Pap y/o VPH en mujeres de 25 a 64 años (población objetivo) utilizando datos de Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2018 y 2021-2023. Resultados. El uso de Pap disminuyó de 34.6% en 2018 a 24.9% en 2021, recuperándose hasta alcanzar 31.5% en 2023. De forma similar, el uso del VPH disminuyó de 12.7% en 2018 a 11% en 2021, y se incrementó a 16.0% en 2023. Se observó un mayor uso de las pruebas de detección del cáncer cervical a mayor nivel socioeconómico y urbanización. Conclusiones. Es preciso actualizar las directrices normativas y revisar los lineamientos para facilitar el tamizaje y el seguimiento del cáncer cervical en México.
Vacunación en personas adultas y adultas mayores en México
Authors: Mongua-Rodríguez Norma , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia , Ferreira-Guerrero Elizabeth , Delgado-Sánchez Guadalupe , Martínez-Hernández Maribel , Canizales-Quintero Sergio , Tellez-Vázquez Norma Aracely , Cruz-Salgado Arturo , Gutierrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , García-García Lourdes
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Estimar la proporción de sujetos vacunados y los factores asociados en personas adultas y adultas mayores en México. Material y métodos. Análisis de datos obtenidos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2021-2023 (Ensanut Continua 2021-2023) y analizar las variaciones comparando con la Ensanut 2012. Resultados. Dado que solamente el 6.8% de personas adultas y adultas mayores en Ensanut Continua 2021-2023 y 17.7% en Ensanut 2012 acreditaron su estado de vacunación, el análisis se basa en autorreporte. Al comparar Ensanut Continua 2021-2023 con Ensanut 2012, la proporción de sujetos vacunados de acuerdo con grupo de edad y biológico fue la siguiente: personas de 20-59 años, tétanos: 66.87 vs. 78.08%; mujeres en edad fértil, tétanos: 71.1 vs. 82.0%; sarampión/rubéola: 36.8 vs. 48.5%; adultos mayores: tétanos: 59.5 vs. 65.86%; influenza 58.7 vs. 51.9%; neumococo 34.8 vs. 45.9%. La cobertura para vacuna contra Covid-19 en adultos jóvenes y mayores fue de 86.6 y 89.2%, respectivamente. Las características más prevalentes entre los adultos de 20-59 años con esquemas incompletos fueron ser hombre, no tener derechohabiencia y tener trabajo remunerado; en los adultos ≥ 60 años fue no tener derechohabiencia. Discusión. Una proporción considerable de personas adultas y adultas mayores no están protegidos contra enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación en 2021-2023.
Sistema nacional de cuidados para personas mayores
Authors: García-Peña Carmen , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , García-Chanes Rosa Estela , López-Ortega Mariana , Sosa-Tinoco Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Si bien el debate sobre el sistema nacional de cuidados está cobrando impulso en los ámbitos académico y político, es importante señalar que las cuestiones de género y cuidado de las infancias a menudo eclipsan el componente relativo a las personas mayores, tema que necesita un análisis más profundo. Este artículo tiene por objetivo apoyar en la construcción de una agenda de cuidado que priorice a las personas mayores y presenta argumentos a favor del cuidado, entendido como un derecho, y a la par discute la carga de enfermedad como responsable de dependencia y como consecuencia de largos periodos de necesidad de cuidados. Se analiza el concepto de cuidados, su distinción con cuidados a largo plazo y cuidados paliativos y se plantea una perspectiva diferente para calcular la dependencia más allá del número de actividades de la vida diaria afectadas (AVD). Además, se presenta la situación nacional e intergeneracional de los sistemas de cuidados, específicamente de largo plazo, los cuales en México son inexistentes, y se revisan puntos clave para integrar el sistema, como son legislación y normatividad de residencias, capacitación y certificación de personas mayores e incorporación del enfoque comunitario. En un contexto de desigualdad, rezago social, necesidades de salud crecientes y un proceso de envejecimiento acelerado, es indispensable vincular el sistema de salud con el sistema social de cuidados.
NEMS Generated Electromechanical Frequency Combs
Authors: Mouharrar Hamza , Rahmanian Sasan , Akbari Masoud , Shama Yasser , Abdel-Rahman Eihab
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel technique for low-power generation of frequency combs (FC) over a wide frequency range. It leverages modal interactions between electrical and mechanical resonators in electrostatic NEMS operating in air to provide a simple architecture for FC generators. A biased voltage signal drives the electrical resonator at resonance which is set to match an integer submutiple of twice the mechanical resonator's resonance. Experimental results demonstrate that the NEMS displacement exhibits more than 150 equidistant peaks in the case of a 2:1 modal interaction and more than 60 equidistant peaks in the case of a 1:1 modal interaction. In both cases, the Free Spectral Range (FSR) was equal to the mechanical resonance frequency. Comparison between the FCs generated by the 2-1 and 1-1 modal interactions demonstrate the superiority of the former in terms of bandwidth and stability. The superior phase coherence of the FC generated via the 2-1 modal interaction was demonstrated via time-domain analysis. Our technique has the flexibility to generate multiple frequency combs and to fine-tune their FSR depending on the number of mechanical modes accessible to and the order of the activated modal interaction. It can be integrated into portable devices and is well aligned with modern miniaturization technology.
The impact of financial affordability on patient adherence to the dosing schedule of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in managing Diabetic Macular Edema.
Authors: Raizada Seemant , Sabti Khalid Al , Zechevikj Snezhana
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Regular maintenance dosing of Intravitreal anti-VEGF (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) for Diabetic Macular edema (DME) poses a challenge for patients. We investigated whether financial affordability plays a role in influencing patients' adherence to the prescribed dosage schedule.
Methods:
In this prospective, interventional, comparative, cohort study of 12 months duration, naïve DME patients were enrolled in 3 groups. Group I: self-paying patients. Group II: patients with medical insurance. Group III: patients treated free of charge. The treatment regimen was 3 consecutive monthly injections followed by monthly visits and anti-VEGF injections as needed (pro re nata, PRN).Two indicators were measured. First, how many did not complete the loading dose phase and second, adherence to the PRN stage of the study over a period of 12 months.
Results:
264 patients were enrolled. Group I: 112 patients, Group II: 90 and Group 3: 60 patients. 230 patients (87%) adhered to the initial 3 monthly injection and 162 (61.3%) patients of initial cohort adhered to prn stage of the study. In the loading dose phase best compliance was seen in Group I; in the PRN stage best compliance was seen in Group II. Overall, best compliance was seen in Group III where 63.3% patients adhered to the full schedule though it was not statistically significant (p = 0.93226).
Conclusion:
Patient adherence and success rates of anti-VEGF therapy may be increased by analyzing various factors affecting patient compliance and raising awareness about DME. In our study, financial affordability was not a major reason for non-compliance.
Dehydration-Induced Supralithostatic Fluid Overpressure in Metapelites from Northern Korea
Authors: Zou Yi
Published: August 2024

Our understanding of orogenic dynamics largely relies on the lithostatic paradigm, which correlates thermodynamic pressure to burial depths. Deviations from lithostatic conditions often involve fluid overpressure, yet the mechanisms in natural rocks remain elusive. In this study, we integrate petrological analysis, radiometric dating, and diffusion chronology to explore the thermal overprinting on metapelites from a Precambrian orogen caused by ~ 110 Ma andesitic porphyry intrusions in Northern Korea. The metapelites’ mineral assemblages, particularly the dissolution-reprecipitation textures of garnet and monazite, reveal rapid heating, dehydration, and reworking within ~ 300 years, reaching 600‒640°C and 7.5‒8.5 kbar at ~ 110 Ma. The barometric results sharply contrast with the shallow emplacement depths of the andesitic porphyries, indicating supralithostatic fluid overpressure. These findings challenge the lithostatic paradigm and suggest that rapid dehydration and deviation from lithostatic pressures may be more prevalent than previously recognized, with significant implications for orogenic reconstructions and seismogenic behaviors at plate boundaries.
Introducing Climate Adaptive Agricultural Technologies through Participatory Evaluation and Scaling up at the Potential Area of North Shewa Amhara
Authors: Mamo Dejene , Ayele Teklemariam , Tigabie Abiro , Kasa Yehuala
Published: August 2024

The demand for malt barely increased rapidly due to the coming of new beer and malt factory in Ethiopia specifically at North Shewa Zone Amhara Region. For these, participatory evaluation and scaling of recently released malt barely varieties were done at North shewa zone Ethiopia. The objectives of the study was demonstrating and scaling the improved malt barley varieties. During the first phase the improved varieties were demonstrated and evaluated by local farmers. Based on the farmer’s preference, agronomic data and economic analysis the improved variety HB1963 and HB1964 were recommended for future scaling up at the potential areas of North shewa with recommended agronomic packages’. In the second phase, the selected varieties were scale up in clustered base during 2019 main production season. The scale out varieties, HB1963 and HB1964 give 19.56% and 28.61% yield advantage over the local check of Holker variety respectively. The study recommendations were strengthen the formal and informal seed system by concerned stakeholders using local seed producer and marketing cooperatives and unions. The government and local beer and malt factories should give higher initiation for domestic market of malt barley to motivate malt barley producer farmers and substitute malt import.
Exploring in vivo placental microcirculation and microstructure in different pregnancies of normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension through intravoxel incoherent motion MRI at the plateau area
Authors: Liu Fei , Yan Zhanyue , Kang Lianyun , Gan Zhenning , Wang Shenlan , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

Background
A preliminary study of placental microcirculation and microstructure in healthy pregnant women in different trimesters and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) at plateau through intravoxel incorrelation movement (IVIM).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted at Qinghai Red Cross Hospital from August 2019 to January 2022. All subjects(18,28 pregnant women in the second trimester/third trimester[PWST/PWTT], 26 PIH) underwent ultrasound,MRI-IVIM examinations.The true diffusion coefficient (D),false diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f) values of the whole placenta and different placental sites, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and postnatal weight were measured and recorded. The statistic was analyzed by independent sample t test or single factor ANOVA,multiple comparisons of placental quantitative parameters between subjects were analyzed by the Bonferroni method. The correlations between placental IVIM parameters and fetal weight, GA and GW were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.
Results
No significant differences among the different placental parts of the PWST. The difference among the placenta in PWTT-f(maternal side>fetal side, P<0.05). Compare with PWST, PWTT>PWST- D(maternal side,P<0.05). In contrast to PIH,PWTT>PIH-f(fetal side, whole placenta,P<0.05), PWTT>PIH-D(maternal side, whole placenta,P<0.05).EFW and postnatal weight of PWTT > PIH(P<0.05).PWTT-f(maternal side)was negatively correlated with EFW (r=-0.579, P = 0.005), PWTT-f(maternal side) was negatively correlated with GW (r=-0.441, P = 0.005).
Discussion
IVIM could effectively analyze and evaluate the characteristic of placental microcirculation and microstructure in normal and PIH pregnant women at plateau.
Engaging Survivor and Oncologist Stakeholders to Develop a Patient-Reported Outcome Assessment to Use as a Component of Survivorship Care
Authors: Neuman Heather , Kwekkeboom Kristine , Tevaarwerk Amye , Phelps Kat , Tucholka Jennifer , Maxcy Courtney , Breuer Catherine , Schumacher Jessica
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into survivorship care may improve the comprehensiveness of follow-up. The objective was to engage stakeholders to develop a PRO assessment of survivors’ symptoms and concerns for use during breast cancer follow-up.
Methods:
We convened patient and oncologist stakeholder advisory groups to define a low-risk survivor cohort; develop an initial PRO assessment including survivorship domains of importance, measurement instruments, and clinically significant thresholds; and revise the assessment based on feedback from community focus groups and two rounds of iterative pilot testing with survivors.
Results:
The most commonly cited “low-risk” criteria was cancer stage. Stakeholders identified key domains and measurement instruments, including recurrence symptoms, treatment side-effects, adherence, mental health, and sexual health. Ninety-four survivors completed the PRO assessment in the initial pilot test (median age 62 years, median 2 years from diagnosis). Most (89/93) reported questions were easy to understand. The level of missingness was low. The most common threshold-level symptoms/concerns were hot flashes (46%), fatigue (35%), back pain (31%), joint pain (31%), and anxiety (30%). The PRO assessment was revised to clarify symptom causality and desire to discuss with a provider. In a follow-up pilot study with twenty survivors, the most common symptoms were chest/breast discomfort (50%) and anxiety (25%).
Conclusions:
We leveraged stakeholder input to develop a comprehensive PRO assessment to use to assess breast cancer survivors’ well-being. Our PRO assessment is acceptable to survivors. Future research will focus on the integration of the PRO assessment into clinical care.
Orbital angular momentum control of strong-field physics in gas phase
Authors: Bégin Jean-Luc , Bhardwaj Ravi , Brabec Thomas , Corkum Paul , Karimi Ebrahim
Published: August 2024

Photoionization plays a pivotal role in several physical, chemical, and biological processes. When induced in an atom or molecule by an intense laser pulse, the electron dynamics in the laser field lead to new phenomena that form the basis of attosecond science. Ultra-intense laser pulses can also accelerate electrons to relativistic energies through ponderomotive force or laser-plasma interaction. Most light-matter interactions involve Gaussian beams, where control over ionization and electron dynamics is typically governed by polarization and carrier-envelope phase of the light pulse. In this article, we reveal that Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) carrying beams provide a new dimension to control strong-field ionization of atoms and molecules. The ionization process is influenced by the sign and value of the OAM and can be manipulated by displacing the phase singularity in the beam. We show that the field gradients inherent in the higher-order multipole expansion of the tunneling process cause ionization to depend on OAM. Simulations indicate that, in contrast to Gaussian beams, the ponderomotive energy and the average force can be controlled by OAM and by displacing the phase singularity in the optical vortex. Our findings have broader implications in the realms of plasma physics, attosecond science, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, and super-resolution microscopy.
Malaria Prevalence, Prevention Practices, and Associated Factors in the Andasa Cluster, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Kassawmar Angaw , Engida Hailelmariam Awoke , Sied Omer , Worku Mastewal , Wondiye Habitamu , Muchie Mulugeta , Azage Muluken
Published: August 2024

Introduction
After 2019, malaria infections in Ethiopia increased, yet current prevention methods are poorly documented. Understanding these practices and associated factors is crucial for guiding effective interventions and helping Ethiopia achieve its goal of eliminating malaria. This study aims to assess malaria prevalence, prevention practices, and associated factors in the Andasa cluster, an area with persistent malaria transmission in Ethiopia.
Method
A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 1 to July 15, 2023, in the Andasa cluster, comprising six kebeles with a total population of approximately 10,200. A multistage random sampling technique selected participants from three kebeles with the highest reported malaria cases in 2022. Six villages were randomly chosen using probability proportional to size. All households in these villages were included, with preference given to the oldest adult in each household. A total of 1,311 participants were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions assessed factors related to malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Results
Two-thirds (65.1%, n = 854) of participants had good knowledge of malaria causes, symptoms, and prevention measures. Nearly half (49.1%, n = 644) had a positive attitude towards malaria prevention. Fever episodes were reported by 29.3% (n = 385) of participants, with 8.3% (n = 32) testing positive for malaria in the two weeks before the survey. Higher income and being single or widowed were linked to more favorable attitudes. Female respondents, higher income, and certain occupations were positively associated with good prevention practices. Participants owning long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and those with positive attitudes were significantly more likely to practice malaria prevention.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The study reveals good awareness about malaria but identifies areas needing improvement. The relatively poor attitudes and practices towards malaria prevention highlight the need to foster positive health attitudes and provide adequate resources. Tailored interventions addressing gender differences and economic barriers can enhance the effectiveness of malaria prevention practices
Standardized study performance, quality assurance, and quality control in a cluster-randomized trial: The Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedules Trial
Authors: Osei Isaac , Young Benjamin , Sarwar Golam , Olatunji Yekini A , Hossain Ilias , Lobga Babila G , Wutor Baleng M , Adefila Williams , Mendy Emmanuel , Adeshola Banjo , Isa Yasir Shitu , Olawale Yusuf A , Lamin Keita M , Nyimanta Ebrimah , Baldeh Bubacarr , Nyassi Abdoullah , Drammeh Momodou M , Ousman Barjo , Molfa Minteh , Salaudeen Rasheed , Mackenzie Grant A
Published: August 2024

Randomized controlled trials are considered the “gold standard” for evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention. However, large-scale, cluster-randomized trials are complex and costly to implement. The generation of accurate, reliable, and high-quality data is essential to ensure the validity and generalizability of findings. Robust quality assurance and quality control procedures are important to optimize and validate the quality, accuracy, and reliability of trial data. To date, few studies have reported on study procedures to assess and optimize data integrity during the implementation of large cluster-randomized trials. The dearth of literature on these methods of trial implementation may contribute to questions about the quality of data collected in clinical trials. Trial protocols should consider the inclusion of quality assurance indicators and targets for implementation. Publishing quality assurance and control measures implemented in clinical trials should increase public trust in the findings from such studies. In this manuscript, we describe the development and implementation of internal and external quality assurance and control procedures and metrics in the Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedules trial currently ongoing in rural Gambia. This manuscript focuses on procedures and metrics to optimize trial implementation and validate clinical, laboratory, and field data. We used a mixture of procedure repetition, supervisory visits, checklists, data cleaning and verification methods and used the metrics to drive process improvement in all domains.
Hierarchical Temporal Scale Framework for Real-Time Streamflow Prediction in Reservoir-Regulated Basins
Authors: Chang Jiaxuan , Sang Xuefeng , Qu Junlin , Jia Yangwen , Lei Qiming , Ding Haokai , Lyu Xianglin
Published: August 2024

We propose a hierarchical temporal scale framework for real-time streamflow prediction in reservoir-regulated basins to ensure effective water resources management. As an important anthropogenic interference in the hydrologic cycle, reservoir operation behavior remains challenging to properly represent in hydrologic models, thus limiting the capability of predicting streamflow under the interactions between hydrologic variability and operational preferences. We employ a data-driven model (LSTM) for streamflow prediction in reservoir-regulated basins. Given the difficulty in predicting streamflow processes caused by varying operational objectives of different reservoirs across different time scales within the basin, we simulate the monthly storage and release patterns of reservoirs using historical daily operation data and then capture the deviations between daily scales and these patterns to model the actual reservoir operation rules. Finally, we predict the watershed streamflow based on the reservoir release volume combined with hydrometeorological data. We enhance model performance and interpretability using the Optuna method and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP). The Dongjiang River Basin (DRB) serves as the study area. Results indicate that the framework excellently captures the operational patterns of the three major reservoirs in the basin and significantly improves the daily streamflow prediction accuracy. Model interpretability results show that the contribution of main stem reservoir releases to downstream streamflow is greater than that of tributary reservoir releases.
Gastric glomus tumor with uncertain malignant potential: Case report of a rare cause of occult upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Fejes Roland , Gyorgyev Kitti Szonja , Góg Csaba , Krenács László , Zombori Tamás , Pancsa Tamás , Széll Zsófia Eszter , Balajthy Zsófia , Simonka Zsolt
Published: August 2024

Background: Glomus tumors (GTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms that are typically benign. Gastric GTs are uncommon and occur mostly in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Malignant gastric GTs are exceedingly rare, constituting fewer than 1% of gastric tumors. Because their features are similar to those of other tumors found in the same gastrointestinal region, such as stromal tumors, leiomyomas, lymphomas, and lipomas, diagnosis is challenging.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old male patient presented with fatigue and melena. Initial endoscopic examinations failed to locate any source of bleeding. Six months later, pan-gastroscopy, performed because of progressive microcytic anemia, revealed a 40 ´ 30 mm polypoid lesion with deep ulcerations; histopathological analysis confirmed that it was a gastric GT with alpha-actin and cadherin 17 expression and a Ki-67 index of 20%. The patient delayed surgical therapy until his symptoms worsened. Laparoscopic sleeve resection revealed a 65 ´ 45 ´25 mm tumor, and secondary immunohistochemical analysis revealed extensive spread into the mucosa and subserosa. Focally, the tumor bulged into some large veins. Genetic examination with RNA isolation further supported the histopathological diagnosis of gastric GT with uncertain malignant potential.
Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by gastric GTs because they are rare and their clinical features are similar to those of other gastric tumors. Thorough histopathological and molecular analysis are essential for accurate diagnosis. Surgical intervention remains the primary therapeutic approach. This case also emphasizes the need for long-term followup because of the potential for recurrence and for malignancy.
Perception of Landscape and Cultural Landscape Sustainability—Evidence from Multisensory Descriptions in Online Reviews Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Shi Yangyang , Zhao Liang , Cai Chenshu , Furuya Katsunori
Published: August 2024

The sustainable development of cities with cultural landscapes has attracted wide attention, as they are composite carriers of urban greening and cultural space. Suzhou, China, and Kyoto, Japan, are renowned for their cultural heritage. In addition to protecting the rich tangible cultural landscapes, it is also important to integrate visitors' subjective perceptions, which relate more to intangible heritage, into heritage protection and green sustainable development strategies. Due to the limitations in quantifying non-visual sensory elements, previous perceptual evaluations have mainly focused on visual elements. However, online reviews include multi-sensory perception descriptions. This study employs deep learning methods to process photos and text from online reviews to obtain landscape elements and sensory information from both cities. Significant differences were found in the perception of various landscape elements and multi-sensory descriptions between the two cities, and different senses affect overall perception to varying degrees. These findings and the application of new technologies facilitate the incorporation of multi-sensory public perceptions into the protection of green spaces with cultural significance.
Dual plating with an anteroinferior miniplate in multifragmentary clavicular midshaft fractures
Authors: Ok Seungwoo , Yoon Seong-Meen , Choi Sungwook
Published: August 2024

Background
We developed a novel surgical technique using an anteroinferior locking compression miniplate in addition to a conventional superior compression plate for the treatment of multifragmentary clavicular fractures.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiologic records of patients who were surgically treated with dual plating for clavicle fractures from March 2019 to November 2020. The primary outcome was bone union, and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications associated with the procedure. The functional outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS), University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Scale (UCLASS) and Constant-Shoulder Scale (CSS) scores.
Results
Twenty patients with AO/OTA 15-2B and 2C clavicular fractures were followed for an average of 16 months (range: 8 ~ 30). The average patient age was 41 (range: 21 ~ 76) years, and 17 male and 3 female patients were included. The most common cause of clavicle fractures was sports activity (35%). The average number of fragments was 1.5 (range: 1 ~ 3). Ten patients had AO/OTA classification 15-2C, and 9 patients had AO/OTA classification 15-2B. Primary fracture union healing was observed in all 20 (100%) patients, and the average time to bone union was 11.8 weeks (range: 7 ~ 21). There was no fixation failure or postoperative infection. The mean VAS, UCLASS and CSS scores at the final follow-up were 0.45, 33.3 and 65.0, respectively.
Conclusion
Dual plating using an anteroinferior locking compression miniplate is an effective surgical technique for treating multifragmentary clavicular fractures.
Sequential Deep Learning Model for Obesity Prediction Based on Physical Fitness Factors: An Analysis of Data from the 2010–2023 Korean National Physical Fitness Data
Authors: Bae Jun-Hyun , Sung Yunho , Li Xinxing , Song Wook
Published: August 2024

Background
Obesity, a "global syndemic," increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases; therefore, the prediction and management of obesity is crucial. Regular physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely correlated with obesity, highlighting the need for effective models for predicting obesity.
Aim
This study aimed to predict obesity using physical fitness factors, including those related to cardiorespiratory fitness, determined via deep neural network analysis of data obtained from the 2010–2023 Korean National Physical Fitness Award.
Methods
A deep learning approach was implemented to analyze the data obtained from 108,304 participants, and variables such as exercise-induced oxygen consumption during a 20-m shuttle run test (20-m VO2 max), gender, and relative grip strength were considered. Stratified K-fold cross-validation, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and local interpretable model-agnostic description analyses were employed to evaluate the model performance and feature importance.
Results
The neural network yielded a high accuracy score (0.87–0.88), with Fold 4 providing the optimized model for obesity classifications. Features such as 20-m VO2 max, gender, and relative grip strength significantly influenced the obesity predictions, and low 20-m VO2 max levels were key predictors of obesity.
Discussion
This study confirmed the efficacy of the proposed deep neural network in predicting obesity based on physical fitness factors and clarified the significant predictors of obesity.
Conclusion
The results of this study may potentially be used for devising personalized obesity-management strategies that emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Effects of artificial simulation of rainfall patterns on growth, Non-structural carbohydrates, and ecostoichiometric characteristics of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings
Authors: Li xingze , Sun Lijuan , guo huanxian , Cha Xiaofei , Zheng Shaojie , Zeng Huiping , Dong Qiong
Published: August 2024

Global climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events and disrupting rainfall patterns, with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. Plant growth and development processes are extremely sensitive to water conditions, so understanding the effects of rainfall variability on seedlings is critical. However, it is unclear how Cyphomandra betacea seedlings respond to changes in rainfall. This study investigated the response of Cyphomandra betacea seedling biomass, nutrient accumulation, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content to different rainfall intervals and amounts. Using two rainfall intervals, T (3 day) and T+ (6 day), and three rainfall events, average monthly rainfall was used as a control (W), with a corresponding 40% increase in rainfall (W+) and 40% decrease in rainfall (W-) as rainfall treatments. The result showed that increasing rainfall under both rainfall intervals significantly promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of seedling height and soil diameter. The accumulation of root and stem biomass was reduced under the T+ rainfall interval. There was a correlation between the contents of NSC and C, N, and P and their stoichiometric characteristics in seedlings, Changes in N content among organs were crucial for NSC and its fractions and constrained the interconversion of soluble sugar (SS) and starch (ST). At T intervals, more rainfall favored N partitioning into stems and P partitioning into leaves; at T+ rainfall intervals, C and N partitioning into leaves was favored; and more rainfall significantly increased C, N, and P contents in all organs (P < 0.05), but decreased C:N and C:P in all organs of seedlings. In conclusion, the simulated July W+T treatment was effective in improving seedling growth and promoting the accumulation of non-structural carbon and C, N, and P contents in various organs.
Prevalence and Perception of Self-Medication of Analgesics Among Medical Students of Punjab
Authors: Usama Rana Muhammad , Saleemi Fatima , Mahmood Nimra , Dawood Ashar Bin , khan Iftikhar , Saleemi Muhammad Hassan , Alayan Rana Muhammad , Hameed Abeera , Ahmed Uzair , Shahzad Alishah , Shahid Ahmed Muaaz , Najeeb Fatima , Butt Ayesha Imran , Akram Ayila , Arif Iman , Ghafoor Sonia , Arshad Hanzalah Bin , Altaf Mahran
Published: August 2024

Background: Self-medication is a global health concern, particularly the use of analgesics without medical consultation. This practice is prevalent among medical students due to their knowledge of pharmacology, easy access to medications, and belief that mild health issues do not require medical attention.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Punjab. Using the RAOSOFT sample calculator, a minimum sample size of 397 was determined. Data from 464 participants were collected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique and analyzed using SPSS version 19. An anonymous, confidential, self-administered questionnaire inquired about socio-demographics and self-medication practices in the past six months.Results: Among 464 students, 73.9% reported self-medicating with analgesics. Prevalence was highest among students aged 22–23 years (38.8%) and fourth-year students (29.7%). Primary sources of information included self-use (32.9%), advice from friends/family (29.7%), and pharmacists (24.8%).Conclusion: Self-medication with analgesics is highly prevalent among medical students, influenced by factors such as pharmacological knowledge, easy access, and socioeconomic status. Effective strategies, including education, regulation, and strict surveillance, are necessary to manage and reduce self-medication practices.Trial Registration: The study was ethically approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ameer ud din Medical College, Lahore.
Effect of Postpartum Pessary Use on Pelvic floor Function: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Beer Franziska , Kuppinger Madeleine , Schwab Frank , Hübner Markus , Kiefner Brenda , Nacke Anna , Kelckenberg Ute , Schütze Sabine , Lindner Anna , Hellmeyer Lars , Janni Wolfgang , Metz Melanie , Deniz Miriam
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study evaluates the restitution of pelvic floor function in postpartum women using the Restifem® pessary in a preventive and therapeutic approach.
Methods
In this multicentre study all postpartum women independently of their parity, mode of delivery and existing pelvic floor symptoms were offered to use the Restifem® pessary from 6 weeks postpartum for 3 to 6 months. They completed the validated German pelvic floor questionnaire (GPFQpp) via online survey at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postpartum and were divided, by their own choice, into users and non-users of the pessary.
Results
Initially 857 women were enrolled. After 6 weeks 137 pessary users and 133 non-users, after 12 months 53 pessary users and 45 non-users submitted a completed questionnaire. Pessary users had significantly higher (worse) scores in all domains of the GPFQpp at 6 weeks postpartum. At 12 months postpartum pessary users still had a significantly higher bladder score, compared to non-users. There was a greater improvement in the bladder score (p = 0.005) and the pelvic organ prolapse score (p < 0.001) from 6 weeks to 12 months postpartum, among pessary users compared to non-users.
Conclusion
Pessary users had a significantly greater improvement in pelvic floor function from 6 weeks to 12 months postpartum, compared to non-users. This effect might be in part due to wearing the pessary but also due to greater scope for recovery, given the higher level of pelvic floor dysfunction in the pessary user group.
Trial registration
The trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00024733) on 19 of April 2021.
Utilization of the Pilot-Scale Multistage Extractor for Removal of Zinc Ions with Central Composite Design Optimization; Case Study: Mass Transfer Rates
Authors: Asadollahzadeh Mehdi , Torkaman Rezvan
Published: August 2024

In this work, the removal of zinc ions from aqueous solution by using a multistage extractor was studied. This investigation discusses the significance of the pilot-scale column, and it provides a brief overview of the potential of mass transfer rates for the extraction stage of Zn(II) with D2EHPA extractant. In the first step, the central composite design approach was performed to analyze the extraction behavior by the mass transfer coefficients. The optimization study showed that within the design variables, the significant parameter was the rate of agitation. The higher mass transfer coefficient increased the extraction rate due to more complex formation from aqueous to the organic phase. The optimum conditions were obtained as the rotation speed of 3.58 s− 1, aqueous feed velocity of 0.75 mm.s− 1, organic feed velocity of 0.89 mm.s− 1. In the second stage, the experimental data were examined for the description of mass transfer behavior with the previous correlations. The results showed that reaction condition is a significant factor in the variation of mass transfer coefficients. The obtained data could be referred to in future improvement and applications of a multistage extractor for wastewater treatment and the removal of zinc ions.