bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erythromonas
Authors: Yurkov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2015

E.ry.thro.mo' nas
. Gr. adj.
erythrus
red; Gr. n.
monas
a unit, monad; M.L. fem. n.
Erythromonas
red monad.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Erythromonas

Ovoid
,
Gram negative
, motile by means of polarly flagellated cells. Do not form chains. Reproduce by
budding
or asymmetric division. The cells are
orange‐brown due to carotenoid pigments
.

Contain bacteriochlorophyll
a

.
Aerobic
,
chemoorganotrophic
,
and facultatively photoheterotrophic
.
No photosynthetic growth occurs under anaerobic conditions
. NaCl is not required for growth.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 65.4.

Type species
:
Erythromonas ursincola
Yurkov, Stackebrandt, Buss, Vermeglio, Gorlenko and Beatty 1997, 1177.
Sandaracinobacter
Authors: Yurkov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2015

San.da.ra.ci' no.bac' ter
. Gr. adj.
sandaracinos
orange‐colored; Gr. n.
bacter
rod; M.L. masc. n.
Sandaracinobacter
orange‐colored rod.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Sandaracinobacter

Cells are thin
,
long rods
,
forming chains
. Motile by means of subpolar flagella.
Gram negative
. Divide by binary division. Cultures are
intensely yellow‐orange because of carotenoid pigments
.

Contain bacteriochlorophyll
a

.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 68.5.

Type species
:
Sandaracinobacter sibiricus
Yurkov, Stackebrandt, Buss, Vermeglio, Gorlenko and Beatty 1997, 1177.
Cupriavidus
Authors: Balkwill David L.
Published: August 2015

Cup.ri.a.vi' dus
. L. n.
cuprum
copper; L. adj.
avidus
eager for, loving; M.L. neut. n.
Cupriavidus
lover of copper.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Burkholderiaceae / Cupriavidus

Coccoid rods, 0.7–0.9 × 0.9–1.3 µm. Gram negative.
Motile by two to ten peritrichous flagella
.
Chemoheterotrophic
. An organic nitrogen source is not required. Glucose not utilized.
Strictly respiratory metabolism
with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Oxidase positive. Catalase positive. Nitrate reduced. Gelatin, starch, and urea not hydrolyzed. Indole and H
2
S not produced.

Can use any of several amino acids—but not
L
‐lysine or
L
‐methionine—as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen

. Optimal temperature, 27°C. Optimal pH, 7.0–8.0. NaCl at 3% inhibits growth.
Resistant to copper
at concentrations up to at least 800 μM. Growth initiation is stimulated by copper. Colonies on nutrient agar after 2 d at 27°C are off‐white, glistening, mucoid, smooth, and convex, with an entire edge; 2–4 mm in diameter. Isolated from soil.
Nonobligate predator causing lysis of various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria in soil
. Can lyse certain other nonobligate bacterial predators. Growth does not require presence of prey species.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 57 ± 1 (

T
m

).

Type species
:
Cupriavidus necator
Makkar and Casida 1987a, 325.
Incertae Sedis I. Aquabacterium
Authors: Manz Werner , Kalmbach Sibylle , Szewzyk Ulrich
Published: August 2015

A.qua.bac' te.ri.um
. L. n.
aqua
water; Gr. n.
bakterion
rod;
Aquabacterium
a rod‐shaped bacterium isolated from drinking water biofilms.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Comamonadaceae / incertae Sedis I. Aquabacterium

Rod‐shaped
cells, 0.5 × 1–4 µm.
Motile
by means of
monotrichous polar flagella
. Gram negative.
Polyalkanoate
and
polyphosphate
inclusion bodies have been frequently observed as storage materials.
Extracellular polymeric substances are formed
, even under oligotrophic conditions.
Oxidase positive
.
Catalase negative
.
Microaerophilic
, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Nitrate can be used as an alternate electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration, but nitrite, chlorate, sulfate, and iron (III) are not used as electron acceptors.
Growth by fermentation does not occur
.
Manganese is not oxidized
.
Carbohydrates are not used
. Tweens 20, 40, 60, and 80, acetate, butyrate, valerate, caproate, caprylate, succinate, adipate, pimelate, azelate, sebacate, fumarate, β‐hydroxybutyrate, malate, and butanol can be used as carbon sources. Starch, esculin, gelatin, and DNA are not hydrolyzed. NaCl levels are tolerated up to 1.8%. Optimal pH, ~7; pH growth range, 5.5–10, depending on the species. Optimal temperature, ~20°C; temperature range, 6–36°C. Habitat: drinking water biofilm originating from various raw water sources (groundwater, surface water, artificially recharged groundwater) used for drinking water production.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 65–66.

Type species
:
Aquabacterium commune
Kalmbach, Manz, Wecke and Szewzyk 1999, 776.
Janthinobacterium
Authors: Gillis Monique , Logan Niall A.
Published: August 2015

Jan.thin.o.bac.te' ri.um
. L. adj.
janthinus
violet‐colored; Gr. n.
bakterion
a small rod; M.L. neut. n.
Janthinobacterium
a small, violet‐colored rod.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Oxalobacteraceae / Janthinobacterium

Round‐ended
,
straight rods
,
sometimes slightly curved
,
0
.
8–1
.
5
×
1
.
8–6
.
0
μ
m
, occurring singly and sometimes in pairs or short chains. Definite capsules are not evident, but intercellular slime may be produced. No resting stages are known. Gram negative, occasionally showing bipolar or barred staining and lipid inclusions.
Motile
.
Strict aerobes
.
Growth occurs from 4
°
C to about 30
°
C
,
with optimum growth at around 25
°
C
. Optimal pH 7–8, with no growth below pH 5.
Many strains produce the violet pigment violacein
, but strains producing partly pigmented or nonpigmented colonies are often encountered. Colonies on routine solid media are low convex and round.
Aerobic
,
having a strictly respiratory metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
.
Oxidase and catalase positive
. Chemoorganotrophs. Growth occurs on ordinary peptone media. Citrate and ammonium ions can be used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Small amounts of acid, but no gas, are produced from glucose and some other carbohydrates.
The genus is characterized by the following major phospholipids
: phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol as polar lipids.
The major fatty acids
are C
16:0
, C
16:1 ω7c
, and C
17:0 cyclo
. Only C
10:0 3OH
and C
12:0 2OH
are synthesized; the C
10:0 3OH
are ester‐ and (presumably) amide‐linked, and the C
12:0 2OH
fatty acids are (presumptively) ester‐linked. Q‐8 is the major respiratory lipoquinone. Occur in soil and water and are common in temperate climates and cold climates, but can also be isolated from diseased mushroom tissue.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 61–67.

Type species
:
Janthinobacterium lividum
(Eisenberg 1891) De Ley, Segers and Gillis 1978, 164 (
Chromobacterium lividum
Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923a, 119;
Bacillus lividus
Eisenberg 1891, 81.)
Methylovorus
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: August 2015

Me
.
thyl
.
o
'
vo
.
rus
. Fr.
méthyle
the methyl radical; L. v.
voro
to consume; M.L. adj.
methylovorus
methylconsuming.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylovorus

When grown on methanol–mineral salts medium
,
cells are straight or slightly curved rods
, usually 0.5–0.6 × 1.0–1.3 µm, occurring singly or in pairs. Gram negative.
Motile
by a single polar flagellum. Endospores are absent. No complex intracellular membranes. No sheaths or prosthecae detected. No capsules formed, but slime may be produced by some strains. Colonies on methanol–mineral salts agar incubated for 2 days at 30°C are circular, 1–2 mm in diameter, with entire edge, convex, and translucent to opaque; may be pink, creamy, or milky in color. Pyocyanin and fluorescein not produced. Cells multiply by binary fission. No aggregation or pigmentation occurs in liquid medium. No growth or extremely poor growth occurs on nutrient agar and in nutrient broth at 30–37°C; no growth occurs under an atmosphere of CH
4
/O
2
or H
2
/CO
2
/O
2
. Optimal pH for growth, 7.0–7.2; temperature, 35–37°C.
Aerobic
, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
Only methanol and glucose are used as carbon and energy sources
. In addition, some strains are able to grow slowly on methylated amines and betaine. Nitrates, ammonium salts, methylated amines, glutamate, and peptone serve as nitrogen sources. Acetoin, indole, H
2
S, and NH
3
are not produced in test medium. Milk is not hydrolyzed.
Oxidase positive
. Urease and catalase positive. Peroxidase variable. Arginine dihydrolase negative. Strains may hydrolyze starch, but not cellulose, gelatin, or Tween 80. Acid, but not gas, is produced from glucose. Isolated from activated sludge, mud, soil, and pond water.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 56–57.

Type species
:
Methylovorus glucosotrophus
Govorukhina and Trotsenko 1991, 162.
Simonsiella
Authors: Hedlund Brian P. , Tønjum Tone
Published: August 2015

Si.mon.si.el' la. M.L. dim. ‐ellaending; M.L. fem. n.Simonsiella(organism of) Simons; named for H. Simons, who studied the species of this genus.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Neisseriales / Neisseriaceae / Simonsiella

Organisms that exist in characteristicmulticellular filamentsthat areflat rather than cylindricaland often segmented into groups of eight cells. Thewidth of an individual cell is greater than its length.The long axis of an individual cell is perpendicular to the long axis of the filament. The diameter of the filaments (the width of the individual cells) may vary from about 2.0 to 8.0 µm, and the length of filaments may vary from about 10.0 to over 50.0 µm. Individual cells within the filaments may be from about 0.5 to 1.3 µm long. In thin sections cut perpendicular to the long axis of the filament, thecells are flattened and curved to yield a crescent‐shaped,convex–concave(dorsal–ventral)asymmetry. Theends of the individual filaments are rounded. Gram negative.Gliding motilityof the entire filament in the direction of the long axis when the flat side of the filament is in contact with a surface. Chemoorganotrophs. Aerobic. Some may produce acid aerobically from carbohydrates. Optimal temperature: 37°C.Found in the oral cavity of warm‐blooded vertebrates.

The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 41–55.

Type species:Simonsiella muelleriSchmidinSimons 1922, 504.
Vogesella
Authors: Krieg Noel R.
Published: August 2015

Vo
.
ges
.
el
'
la
. Ger.
Voges
proper name; M.L. ‐
ella
dim. ending; M.L. fem. n.
Vogesella
named after Otto Voges to honor his original isolation of
Bacillus Indigoferus
on gelatin plates inoculated with tap water from the central water supply system in Kiel, Germany, in 1893.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Neisseriales / Neisseriaceae / Vogesella

Straight rods
,
0
.
5
×
3
.
5
μ
m
, mainly occurring singly but also in pairs and short chains. Occasional vibrioid rods may occur. Most strains form filamentous rods and long chains when grown on nitrogen‐limiting agar.
Motile by means of a single polar flagellum
. Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules occur, especially under nitrogen limitation.
Colonies are a deep royal blue with a metallic copper‐colored sheen at 36 to 48 h
,
due to production of indigoidine
(C
10
H
8
N
4
O
4
or 5,5′‐diamino‐4,4′‐dihydroxy‐3,3′‐diazadiphenoquinone‐[2,2′]).
Oxidase and catalase positive
.
Aerobic
, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. All strains can carry out denitrification with production of gas.
Nonfermentative
. Citrate, several amino acids and peptides, and some monosaccharides are utilized as carbon sources. Starch, pectin, and sugars associated with pectin (i.e., arabinose and galactose) are not metabolized. Nonlipolytic.
Casein
,
gelatin
,
and esculin are not hydrolyzed
.
Indole positive
. Belong to the
Betaproteobacteria
and are closely related to the genus
Chromobacterium
. Occur in freshwater habitats and oxidation pond sediment.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 65.4–68.8.

Type species
:
Vogesella indigofera
(Voges 1893) Grimes, Woese, Macdonell and Colwell 1997, 25 (
Pseudomonas indigofera
(Voges 1893) Migula 1900, 950;
Bacillus indigoferus
Voges 1893, 307.)
Incertae Sedis XV. Morococcus
Authors: Sly Lindsay I.
Published: August 2015

Mo
.
ro
.
coc
'
cus
. L. neut. n.
morum
mulberry; Gr. n.
coccus
a grain or berry; M.L. masc. n.
Morococcus
the mulberry coccus.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Neisseriales / Neisseriaceae / incertae Sedis XV. Morococcus

Colorless,
spherical organisms
, <1 µm in diameter, bound firmly together in tightly packed,
mulberry‐like aggregates
of 10–20 cells, with
adjacent sides often flattened
.
Gram negative
.
Nonmotile
. Endospores not formed.
Aerobic
. Nitrate is reduced. Catalase and cytochrome oxidase are produced. H
2
S is produced. Acid is produced from carbohydrates.
Hemolytic
. Complex growth factors not required. Growth occurs between 23° and 42°C and between pH 5.5 and 9.0. Ecological niche unknown, but originally isolated from a human brain abscess.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 52.

Type species
:
Morococcus cerebrosus
Long, Sly, Pham and Davis 1981, 300.
Azovibrio
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: August 2015

A.zo' vi.bri.o
. Fr. n.
azote
nitrogen; L. v.
vibrare
move rapidly to and fro, vibrate; M.L. masc. n.
Azovibrio
nitrogen‐fixing organism which vibrates.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Rhodocyclales / Rhodocyclaceae / Azovibrio

Gram‐negative somewhat curved motile rods
(0.6–0.8 × 1.5–3.6 µm). One polar flagellum. Chemoorganoheterotrophic and microaerophilic. Strictly respiratory; O
2
and nitrate are electron acceptors. Oxidase positive.

Fix N
2

. Grow on acetate, ethanol, fumarate,
L
‐glutamate,
DL
‐lactate,
L
‐malate, propionate, and succinate.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 64–65.

Type species
:
Azovibrio restrictus
Reinhold‐Hurek and Hurek 2000, 657.
Dechlorosoma
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: August 2015

De.chlo.ro.so' ma
. L. pref.
de
from; Gr. adj.
chloros
green (chlorine); Gr. neut. n.
soma
body; N.L. neut. n.
Dechlorosoma
dechlorinating body.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Rhodocyclales / Rhodocyclaceae / Dechlorosoma

Gram‐negative, nonsporeforming motile rods
(0.3 × 1.0 µm).
Nonfermentative facultative anaerobes. Chlorate and perchlorate reduced to chloride; organic electron donors
. O
2
and nitrate also serve as electron acceptors.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 65.8.

Type species
:
Dechlorosoma suillum
Achenbach, Michaelidou, Bruce, Fryman and Coates 2001, 532.
Genome‐wide association study of neocortical Lewy‐related pathology
Authors: Peuralinna Terhi , Myllykangas Liisa , Oinas Minna , Nalls Mike A. , Keage Hannah A. D. , Isoviita Veli‐Matti , Valori Miko , Polvikoski Tuomo , Paetau Anders , Sulkava Raimo , Ince Paul G. , Zaccai Julia , Brayne Carol , Traynor Bryan J. , Hardy John , Singleton Andrew B. , Tienari Pentti J.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Dementia with Lewy bodies is an α‐synucleinopathy characterized by neocortical Lewy‐related pathology (LRP). We carried out a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on neocortical LRP in a population‐based sample of subjects aged 85 or over.

Methods

LRP was analyzed in 304 subjects in the Vantaa 85+ sample from Southern Finland. The GWAS included 41 cases with midbrain, hippocampal, and neocortical LRP and 177 controls without midbrain and hippocampal LRP. The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS) material was used for replication (51 cases and 131 controls).

Results

By analyzing 327,010 markers the top signal was obtained at the HLA‐DPA1/DPB1 locus (P = 1.29 × 10−7); five other loci on chromosomes 15q14, 2p21, 2q31, 18p11, and 5q23 were associated with neocortical LRP at P < 10−5. Two loci were marked by multiple markers, 2p21 (P = 3.9 × 10−6, upstream of the SPTBN1 gene), and HLA‐DPA1/DPB1; these were tested in the CFAS material. Single marker (P = 0.0035) and haplotype (P = 0.04) associations on 2p21 were replicated in CFAS, whereas HLA‐DPA1/DPB1 association was not. Bioinformatic analyses suggest functional effects for the HLA‐DPA1/DPB1 markers as well as the 15q14 marker rs8037309.

Interpretation

We identified suggestive novel risk factors for neocortical LRP. SPTBN1 is the candidate on 2p21, it encodes beta‐spectrin, an α‐synuclein binding protein and a component of Lewy bodies. The HLA‐DPA1/DPB1 association suggests a role for antigen presentation or alternatively, cis‐regulatory effects, one of the regulated neighboring genes identified here (vacuolar protein sorting 52) plays a role in vesicular trafficking and has been shown to interact with α‐synuclein in a yeast model.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐arylcyclopentanones and 4‐Arylcyclopentenones through a Heck–Matsuda Desymmetrization of meso cis‐4‐Cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol
Authors: Carmona Rafaela C. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: August 2015

A new palladium‐catalyzed route to 3‐hydroxy‐4‐arylcyclopentanones and 4‐arylcyclopentenones in a diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner by a Heck–Matsuda desymmetrization was achieved from the commercially available meso cis‐4‐cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol. This method is highly practical, mild, high yielding and is carried out under “open vessel” conditions. Protected and unprotected substrates provide distinct products bearing considerable value as synthetic scaffolds for the synthesis of natural and unnatural bioactive compounds containing a five‐membered ring.

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A thermodynamic approach toward defining the limits of biogas production
Authors: Muvhiiwa Ralph Farai , Hildebrandt Diane , Glasser David , Matambo Tonderayi , Sheridan Craig
Published: August 2015

In this article, the authors present theoretical thermodynamic targets for producing biogas. The research shows the relationship between the mass of substrate used vs the methane produced from a feedstock of glucose and an estimate for that of cellulose. Calculations based on material and energy balances are used to determine the performance target (material and energy limits) of an anaerobic digestion system. These limits cannot be exceeded even if one genetically engineer organisms to increase yield. The results show that all processes that produce methane are feasible from a Gibbs free energy point of view but do not conserve the chemical potential of the feed material. The thermodynamics show that methane production is material and energy limited. The maximum amount of methane that can be formed sustainably is 3 moles per mole of glucose, producing 142 kJ of heat per mole of glucose which needs to be rejected. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4270–4276, 2015
De novo 9q gain in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve: Patient report and review of congenital heart disease in 9q duplication syndrome
Authors: Amarillo Ina E. , O'Connor Shawn , Lee Caroline K. , Willing Marcia , Wambach Jennifer A.
Published: August 2015

Genomic disruptions, altered epigenetic mechanisms, and environmental factors contribute to the heterogeneity of congenital heart defects (CHD). In recent years, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has led to the identification of numerous copy number variations (CNV) in patients with CHD. Genes disrupted by and within these CNVs thus represent excellent candidate genes for CHD. Microduplications of 9q (9q+) have been described in patients with CHD, however, the critical gene locus remains undetermined. Here we discuss an infant with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve, fetal hydrops, and a 3.76 Mb de novo contiguous gain of 9q34.2‐q34.3 detected by CMA, and confirmed by karyotype and FISH studies. This duplicated interval disrupted RXRA (retinoid X receptor alpha; OMIM #180245) at intron 1. We also review CHD findings among previously reported patients with 9q (9q+) duplication syndrome. This is the first report implicating RXRA in CHD with 9q duplication, providing additional data in understanding the genetic etiology of tetralogy of Fallot, CHD, and disorders linked to 9q microduplication syndrome. This report also highlights the significance of CMA in the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients and families with complex CHD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NBAS mutations cause a multisystem disorder involving bone, connective tissue, liver, immune system, and retina
Authors: Segarra Nuria Garcia , Ballhausen Diana , Crawford Heather , Perreau Matthieu , Campos‐Xavier Belinda , van Spaendonck‐Zwarts Karin , Vermeer Cees , Russo Michel , Zambelli Pierre‐Yves , Stevenson Brian , Royer‐Bertrand Beryl , Rivolta Carlo , Candotti Fabio , Unger Sheila , Munier Francis L. , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Bonafé Luisa
Published: August 2015

We report two unrelated patients with a multisystem disease involving liver, eye, immune system, connective tissue, and bone, caused by biallelic mutations in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS) gene. Both presented as infants with recurrent episodes triggered by fever with vomiting, dehydration, and elevated transaminases. They had frequent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, reduced natural killer cells, and the Pelger–Huët anomaly of their granulocytes. Their facial features were similar with a pointed chin and proptosis; loose skin and reduced subcutaneous fat gave them a progeroid appearance. Skeletal features included short stature, slender bones, epiphyseal dysplasia with multiple phalangeal pseudo‐epiphyses, and small C1‐C2 vertebrae causing cervical instability and myelopathy. Retinal dystrophy and optic atrophy were present in one patient. NBAS is a component of the synthaxin‐18 complex and is involved in nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay control. Putative loss‐of‐function mutations in NBAS are already known to cause disease in humans. A specific founder mutation has been associated with short stature, optic nerve atrophy and Pelger–Huët anomaly of granulocytes (SOPH) in the Siberian Yakut population. A more recent report associates NBAS mutations with recurrent acute liver failure in infancy in a group of patients of European descent. Our observations indicate that the phenotypic spectrum of NBAS deficiency is wider than previously known and includes skeletal, hepatic, metabolic, and immunologic aspects. Early recognition of the skeletal phenotype is important for preventive management of cervical instability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetics of cognitive control: Implications for Nimh's research domain criteria initiative
Authors: Glahn David C. , Knowles Emma E. M. , Pearlson Godfrey D.
Published: August 2015

Cognitive control refers to a set of mental processes that modulate other cognitive and emotional systems in service of goal‐directed adaptive behavior. There is growing support for the notion that cognitive control abnormalities are a central component of many of the neuropsychological deficits observed in individuals with mental illnesses, particularly those with psychotic disorders. NIMH's research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative, which is designed to develop biologically informed constructs to better understand psychopathology, designated cognitive control a construct within the cognitive systems domain. Identification of genes that influence cognitive control or its supportive brain systems will improve our understating of the RDoC construct and provide candidate genes for psychotic disorders. We examine evidence for cognitive control deficits in psychosis, determine if these measures could be useful endophenotypes, and explore work linking genetic variation to cognitive control performance. While there is a wealth of evidence to support the notion the cognitive control is a valid endophenotype for psychosis, its genetic underpinning remains ill characterized. However, existing work provides a promising foundation on which future endeavors might build. Confirming existing individual gene associations will go some way to expanding our understanding of the genetics of cognitive control, and by extension, psychotic disorders. Yet, to truly understand the molecular underpinnings of such complex traits, it may be necessary to evaluate genes in tandem, focusing not on single genes but rather on empirically derived gene sets or on functionally defined networks of genes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A High‐Voltage and Ultralong‐Life Sodium Full Cell for Stationary Energy Storage
Authors: Guo Shaohua , Liu Pan , Sun Yang , Zhu Kai , Yi Jin , Chen Mingwei , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: August 2015

Recently, there has been great interest in developing advanced sodium‐ion batteries for large‐scale application. Most efforts have concentrated on the search for high‐performance electrode materials only in sodium half‐cells. Research on sodium full cells for practical application has encountered many problems, such as insufficient cycles with rapid capacity decay, low safety, and low operating voltage. Herein, we present a layered P2‐Na0.66Ni0.17Co0.17Ti0.66O2, as both an anode (ca. 0.69 V versus Na+/Na) and as a high‐voltage cathode (ca. 3.74 V versus Na+/Na). The full cell based on this bipolar electrode exhibits well‐defined voltage plateaus near 3.10 V, which is the highest average voltage in the symmetric cells. It also shows the longest cycle life (75.9 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles) in all sodium full cells, a usable capacity of 92 mAh g−1, and superior rate capability (65 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 2C).
Activation of Homolytic SiZn and SiHg Bond Cleavage, Mediated by a Pt0 Complex, via Novel PtZn and PtHg Compounds
Authors: Kratish Yosi , Molev Gregory , Kostenko Arseni , Sheberla Dennis , Tumanskii Boris , Botoshansky Mark , Shimada Shigeru , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak
Published: August 2015

The thermally stable [(tBuMe2Si)2M] (M=Zn, Hg) generate R3Si. radicals in the presence of [(dmpe)Pt(PEt3)2] at 60–80 °C. The reaction proceeds via hexacoordinate Pt complexes, (M=Zn (2 a and 2 b), M=Hg (3 a and 3 b)) which were isolated and characterized. Mild warming or photolysis of 2 or 3 lead to homolytic dissociation of the PtMSiR3 bond generating silyl radicals and novel unstable pentacoordinate platinum paramagnetic complexes (M=Zn (5), Hg (6)) whose structures were determined by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Dimethylzinc to Acyl‐N‐methylimidazole Michael Acceptors: a Powerful Synthetic Platform
Authors: Drissi‐Amraoui Sammy , Morin Marie S. T. , Crévisy Christophe , Baslé Olivier , Marcia de Figueiredo Renata , Mauduit Marc , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: August 2015

An efficient copper‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of dimethylzinc to α,β‐ and α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated 2‐acyl‐N‐methylimidazoles has been achieved using a chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl‐NHC ligand. The reactions proceeded with both excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivity (14 examples, 87–95 % ee) to afford the desired 1,4‐adducts, which were easily transformed to the corresponding aldehydes, esters, and ketones. Subsequently, this powerful methodology was therefore successfully applied in the synthesis of natural products. Furthermore, an iterative process was also disclosed leading to highly desirable 1,3‐desoxypropionate skeletons (up to 94 % d.e.).
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed meta‐Selective CH Bromination
Authors: Teskey Christopher J. , Lui Andrew Y. W. , Greaney Michael F.
Published: August 2015

The first example of a transition‐metal‐catalyzed, meta‐selective CH bromination procedure is reported. In the presence of catalytic [{Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2}2], tetrabutylammonium tribromide can be used to functionalize the meta CH bond of 2‐phenylpyridine derivatives, thus affording difficult to access products which are highly predisposed to further derivatization. We demonstrate this utility with one‐pot bromination/arylation and bromination/alkenylation procedures to deliver meta‐arylated and meta‐alkenylated products, respectively, in a single step.
Elastin Cables Define the Axial Connective Tissue System in the Murine Lung
Authors: Wagner Willi , Bennett Robert D. , Ackermann Maximilian , Ysasi Alexandra B. , Belle Janeil , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Pabst Andreas , Tsuda Akira , Konerding Moritz A. , Mentzer Steven J.
Published: August 2015

The axial connective tissue system is a fiber continuum of the lung that maintains alveolar surface area during changes in lung volume. Although the molecular anatomy of the axial system remains undefined, the fiber continuum of the lung is central to contemporary models of lung micromechanics and alveolar regeneration. To provide a detailed molecular structure of the axial connective tissue system, we examined the extracellular matrix of murine lungs. The lungs were decellularized using a 24 hr detergent treatment protocol. Systematic evaluation of the decellularized lungs demonstrated no residual cellular debris; morphometry demonstrated a mean 39 ± 7% reduction in lung dimensions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an intact structural hierarchy within the decellularized lung. Light, fluorescence, and SEM of precision‐cut lung slices demonstrated that alveolar duct structure was defined by a cable line element encased in basement membrane. The cable line element arose in the distal airways, passed through septal tips and inserted into neighboring blood vessels and visceral pleura. The ropelike appearance, collagenase resistance and anti‐elastin immunostaining indicated that the cable was an elastin macromolecule. Our results indicate that the helical line element of the axial connective tissue system is composed of an elastin cable that not only defines the structure of the alveolar duct, but also integrates the axial connective tissue system into visceral pleura and peripheral blood vessels. Anat Rec, 298:1960–1968, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supramolecular Chemistry in Microflow Fields: Toward a New Material World of Precise Kinetic Control
Authors: Numata Munenori
Published: August 2015

Constructing new and versatile self‐assembling systems in supramolecular chemistry is much like the development of new reactions or new catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. As one such new technology, conventional supramolecular assembly systems have been combined with microflow techniques to control intermolecular or interpolymer interactions through precise regulation of a flowing self‐assembly field. The potential of the microflow system has been explored by using various simple model compounds. Uniform solvent diffusion in the microflow leads to rapid activation of molecules in a nonequilibrium state and, thereby, enhanced interactions. All of these self‐assembly processes begin from a temporally activated state and proceed in a uniform chemical environment, forming a synchronized cluster and resulting in effective conversion to supramolecules, with precise tuning of molecular (or polymer) interactions. This approach allows the synthesis of a variety of discrete microstructures (e.g., fibers, sheets) and unique supramolecules (e.g., hierarchical assemblies, capped fibers, polymer networks, supramolecules with time‐delayed action) that have previously been inaccessible.
Spectral‐converting study of Ba9–3(m+n)/2ErmYbnY2Si6O24 (m = 0.005 – 0.2, n = 0 – 0.3) orthosilicate phosphors
Authors: Choi Seul‐Ki , Park Sangmoon
Published: August 2015

Optical materials composed of Ba9–3(m+n)/2ErmYbnY2Si6O24 (m = 0.005–0.2, n = 0–0.3) were prepared using a solid‐state reaction. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the obtained phosphors were examined to index the peak positions. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra of the Er3+‐activated phosphors and the critical emission quenching as a function of Er3+ content in the Ba9–3m/2ErmY2Si6O24 structure were monitored. The spectral conversion properties of Er3+ and Er3+–Yb3+ ions doped in Ba9Y2Si6O24 phosphors were elucidated under diode‐laser irradiation at 980 nm. Up‐conversion emission spectra and the dependence of the emission intensity on pump power for the Ba8.55Er0.1Yb0.2Y2Si6O24 phosphor were investigated. The desired up‐conversion of the emitted light, which passed through the green, yellow, orange and red regions of the spectrum, was achieved through the use of appropriate Er3+ and/or Yb3+ concentrations in the host structure and 980 nm excitation light. The up‐conversion mechanism in the phosphors is described by an energy‐level schematic. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A T7exonuclease‐assisted target recycling amplification with graphene oxide acting as the signal amplifier for fluorescence polarization detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA
Authors: Wang Lijun , Tian Jianniao , Yang Wen , Zhao Yanchun , Zhao Shulin
Published: August 2015

We report a fluorescence polarization (FP) platform for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA detection based on T7exonuclease‐assisted target recycling amplification with graphene oxide (GO) acting as a FP signal amplifier. In the sensing method, the presence of the target DNA leads to target recycling with the assistance of T7exonuclease, furthermore, the amplification products are absorbed onto the surface of GO, so the all FP values are enhanced by GO. More importantly, this FP sensor exhibits high detection sensitivity; under optimal conditions, the change in FP is linear with the concentration of the target DNA within a concentration range of 50–2000 pmol/L, and the detection limit of this method is as low as 38.6 pmol/L. This FP sensor also exhibits high selectivity, even single‐base mismatched DNA can be effectively discriminated from complementary target DNA. Above all, the proposed FP sensor may serve as a general platform for the sensitive assay of disease‐related genes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous emission of semiconductor quantum dots in inverse opal SiO2 photonic crystals at different temperatures
Authors: Yang Peng , Yang Yingshu , Wang Yinghui , Gao Jiechao , Sui Ning , Chi Xiaochun , Zou Lu , Zhang Han‐Zhuang
Published: August 2015

The photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) infiltrated into inverse opal SiO2 photonic crystals (PCs) are systemically studied. The special porous structure of inverse opal PCs enhanced the thermal exchange rate between the CdSe QDs and their surrounding environment. Finally, inverse opal SiO2 PCs suppressed the nonlinear PL enhancement of CdSe QDs in PCs excited by a continuum laser and effectively modulated the PL characteristics of CdSe QDs in PCs at high temperatures in comparison with that of CdSe QDs out of PCs. The final results are of benefit in further understanding the role of inverse opal PCs on the PL characteristics of QDs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective amine labeling of cell surface proteins guided by coiled‐coil assembly
Authors: Yano Yoshiaki , Furukawa Nami , Ono Satoshi , Takeda Yuki , Matsuzaki Katsumi
Published: August 2015

Covalent labeling of target proteins in living cells is useful for both fluorescence live‐cell imaging and the subsequent biochemical analyses of the proteins. Here, we report an efficient method for the amine labeling of membrane proteins on the cell surface, guided by a noncovalent coiled‐coil interaction. A carboxyl sulfosuccinimidyl ester introduced at the C‐terminus of the coiled‐coil probe reacted with target proteins under mild labeling conditions ([probe] = 150 nM, pH 7.4, 25°C) for 20 min. Various fluorescent moieties with different hydrophobicities are available for covalent labeling with high signal/background labeling ratios. Using this method, oligomeric states of glycophorin A (GpA) were compared in mammalian CHO‐K1 cells and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. In the cell membranes, no significant self‐association of GpA was detected, whereas SDS‐PAGE suggested partial dimerization of the proteins. Membrane cholesterol was found to be an important factor that suppressed the dimerization of GpA. Thus, the covalent functionality enables direct comparison of the oligomeric state of membrane proteins under various conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 484–490, 2016.
Production of lignosulfonate in NSSC‐based biorefinery
Authors: Tarasov Dmitry , Leitch Mathew , Fatehi Pedram
Published: August 2015

The spent liquor (SL) of a neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) pulping process contains a considerable amount of lignocelluloses and is treated in wastewater systems. The lignocelluloses, however, can be used for producing value‐added products if they are isolated from the SL. In this article, solvent treatment (mixing acetone, ethanol, or isopropyl with SL) was used as a method for isolating lignosulfonate from SL. The maximum lignosulfonate removal was obtained via mixing isopropyl alcohol with SL at the weight ratio of 20/80, room temperature, and 5.7 pH. The results also showed that the molecular weight and anionic charge density of the precipitates were in the range of 5,000–70,000 g/mol and 0.2–1.8 meq/g, respectively. Based on these results, a process was proposed for isolating lignosulfonate from SL and converting the NSSC process to an NSSC‐based biorefinery. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1508–1514, 2015
From water‐in‐oil to oil‐in‐water emulsions to optimize the production of fatty acids using ionic liquids in micellar systems
Authors: Santos Luísa D. F. , Coutinho João A. P. , Ventura Sónia P. M.
Published: August 2015

Biocatalysis is nowadays considered as one of the most important tools in green chemistry. The elimination of multiple steps involved in some of the most complex chemical synthesis, reducing the amounts of wastes and hazards, thus increasing the reaction yields and decreasing the intrinsic costs, are the major advantages of biocatalysis. This work aims at improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil to produce valuable fatty acids through emulsion systems formed by long alkyl chain ionic liquids (ILs). The optimization of the emulsion and the best conditions to maximize the production of fatty acids were investigated. The stability of the emulsion was characterized considering the effect of several parameters, namely, the IL and its concentration and different water/olive oil volumetric ratios. ILs from the imidazolium and phosphonium families were evaluated. The results suggest that the ILs effect on the hydrolysis performance varies with the water concentration and the emulsion system formed, that is, water‐in‐oil or oil‐in‐water emulsion. Although at low water concentrations, the presence of ILs does not present any advantages for the hydrolysis reaction, at high water contents (in oil‐in‐water emulsions), the imidazolium‐based IL acts as an enhancer of the lipase catalytic capacity, super‐activating 1.8 times the enzyme, and consequently promoting the complete hydrolysis of the olive oil for the highest water contents [85% (v/v)]. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1473–1480, 2015
Decoding the Chemical Language of Motile Bacteria by Using High‐Throughput Microfluidic Assays
Authors: Crooks John A. , Stilwell Matthew D. , Oliver Piercen M. , Zhong Zhou , Weibel Douglas B.
Published: August 2015

Motile bacteria navigate chemical environments by using chemoreceptors. The output of these protein sensors is linked to motility machinery and enables bacteria to follow chemical gradients. Understanding the chemical specificity of different families of chemoreceptors is essential for predicting and controlling bacterial behavior in ecological niches, including symbiotic and pathogenic interactions with plants and mammals. The identification of chemical(s) recognized by specific families of receptors is limited by the low throughput and complexity of chemotaxis assays. To address this challenge, we developed a microfluidic‐based chemotaxis assay that is quantitative, simple, and enables high‐throughput measurements of bacterial response to different chemicals. Using the model bacterium Escherichia coli, we demonstrated a strategy for identifying molecules that activate chemoreceptors from a diverse compound library and for determining how global behavioral strategies are tuned to chemical environments.
Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis optimized by particle swarm optimization: application to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of lung cancer metabonomics
Authors: Liu Yi‐Fei , Xu Shan , Gong Hong , Cui Yan‐Fang , Song Dan‐Dan , Zhou Yan‐Ping
Published: August 2015

The complexity of metabolic profiles makes chemometric tools indispensable for extracting the most significant information. Partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) acts as one of the most effective strategies for data analysis in metabonomics. However, its actual efficacy in metabonomics is often weakened by the high similarity of metabolic profiles, which contain excessive variables. To rectify this situation, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was introduced to improve PLS‐DA by simultaneously selecting the optimal sample and variable subsets, the appropriate variable weights, and the best number of latent variables (SVWL) in PLS‐DA, forming a new algorithm named PSO‐SVWL‐PLSDA. Combined with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabonomics, PSO‐SVWL‐PLSDA was applied to recognize the patients with lung cancer from the healthy controls. PLS‐DA was also investigated as a comparison. Relatively to the recognition rates of 86% and 65%, which were yielded by PLS‐DA, respectively, for the training and test sets, those of 98.3% and 90% were offered by PSO‐SVWL‐PLSDA. Moreover, several most discriminative metabolites were identified by PSO‐SVWL‐PLSDA to aid the diagnosis of lung cancer, including lactate, glucose (α‐glucose and β‐glucose), threonine, valine, taurine, trimethylamine, glutamine, glycoprotein, proline, and lipid. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidant‐Controlled Catalytic Transformations of Phenols with Unexpected Cleavage of Aromatic Rings
Authors: Li Wei , Song Feijie , You Jingsong
Published: August 2015

Oxidative transformations of phenols have attracted significant attention of chemists due to their importance in biological process and organic synthesis. In contrast to the relatively well‐developed oxygenation and coupling reactions of phenols, the highly efficient and selective oxidative ring cleavage of phenols is under‐represented. This work describes a novel CuCl‐catalyzed tandem homocoupling/skeletal rearrangement of phenols that realizes the cleavage of the phenol ring by using air or Ag2CO3 as the oxidant. Interestingly, simply changing the oxidant to K2S2O8 results in the oxidative coupling/cyclization of phenols to give dibenzofurans. These results set an important precedent of oxidant‐controlled catalytic transformations of phenols.
Ligand π‐Radical Interaction with f‐Shell Unpaired Electrons in Phthalocyaninato–Lanthanoid Single‐Molecule Magnets: A Solution NMR Spectroscopic and DFT Study
Authors: Damjanović Marko , Morita Takaumi , Katoh Keiichi , Yamashita Masahiro , Enders Markus
Published: August 2015

The phthalocyaninato double‐decker complexes [M(obPc)2]0 (M= YIII, TbIII, DyIII; obPc=2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octabutoxyphthalocyaninato), along with their reduced ([M(obPc)2]−[P(Ph)4]+; M=TbIII, DyIII) and oxidized ([M(obPc)2]+[SbCl6]− (M=YIII, TbIII) counterparts were studied with 1H, 13C and 2D NMR. From the NMR data of the neutral (i.e., with one unpaired electron in the ligands) and anionic TbIII complexes, along with the use of dispersion corrected DFT methods, it was possible to separate the metal‐centered and ligand‐centered contributions to the hyperfine NMR shift. These contributions to the 1H and 13C hyperfine NMR shifts were further analyzed in terms of pseudocontact and Fermi contact shifts. Furthermore, from a combination of NMR data and DFT calculations, we have determined the spin multiplicity of the neutral complexes [M(obPc)2]0 (M=TbIII and DyIII) at room temperature. From the NMR data of the cationic TbIII complex, for which actually no experimental structure determination is available, we have analyzed the structural changes induced by oxidation from its neutral/anionic species and shown that the interligand distance decreases upon oxidation. The fast electron exchange process between the neutral and anionic TbIII double‐decker complexes was also studied.
Peripherally Silylated Porphyrins
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Fujimoto Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: August 2015

Silylation of peripherally lithiated porphyrins with silyl electrophiles has realized the first synthesis of a series of directly silyl‐substituted porphyrins. The meso‐silyl group underwent facile protodesilylation, whereas the β‐silyl group was entirely compatible with standard work‐up and purification on silica gel. The meso‐silyl group caused larger substituent effects to the porphyrin compared with the β‐silyl group. Silylation of β‐lithiated porphyrins with 1,2‐dichlorodisilane furnished β‐to‐β disilane‐bridged porphyrin dimers. A doubly β‐to‐β disilane‐bridged NiII‐porphyrin dimer was also synthesized from a β,β‐dilithiated NiII‐porphyrin and characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis to take a steplike structure favorable for interporphyrinic interaction. Denickelation of β‐silylporphyrins was achieved upon treatment with a 4‐tolylmagnesium bromide to yield the corresponding freebase porphyrins.
Thermal and Photolytic Transformation of NHC–B,N‐Heterocycles: Controlled Generation of Blue Fluorescent 1,3‐Azaborinine Derivatives and 1 H‐Imidazo[1,2‐a]indoles by External Stimuli
Authors: McDonald Sean M. , Mellerup Soren K. , Peng Jinbao , Yang Dengtao , Li Quan‐Song , Wang Suning
Published: August 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Suning Wang at the Queen’s University (Canada) and Quan‐Song Li from Beijing Institute of Technology (P.R. China). The image depicts the unusual and distinct pathways of molecular transformation by N‐heterocyclic carbene bound B,N‐heterocycles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502385.
IQGAP3 is essential for cell proliferation and motility during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Fang Xiaolan , Zhang Bianhong , Thisse Bernard , Bloom George S. , Thisse Christine
Published: August 2015

IQGAPs are scaffolding proteins that regulate actin assembly, exocyst function, cell motility, morphogenesis, adhesion and division. Vertebrates express 3 family members: IQGAP1, IQGAP2, and IQGAP3. IQGAP1 is known to stimulate nucleation of branched actin filaments through N‐WASP and the Arp2/3 complex following direct binding to cytoplasmic tails of ligand‐activated growth factor receptors, including EGFR, VEGFR2 and FGFR1. By contrast, little is known about functions of IQGAP2 or IQGAP3. Using in situ hybridization on whole mount zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, we show that IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 are associated with discrete tissues and organs, while IQGAP3 is mainly expressed in proliferative cells throughout embryonic and larval development. Morpholino knockdowns of IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 have little effect on embryo morphology while loss of function of IQGAP3 affects both cell proliferation and cell motility. IQGAP3 morphant phenotypes are similar to those resulting from overexpression of dominant negative forms of Ras or of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1), suggesting that IQGAP3 plays a role in FGFR1‐Ras‐ERK signaling. In support of this hypothesis, dominant negative forms of FGFR1 or Ras could be rescued by co‐injection of zebrafish IQGAP3 mRNA, strongly suggesting that IQGAP3 acts as a downstream regulator of the FGFR1‐Ras signaling pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.