bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the mechanical fault diagnosis method based on sound signal and IEMD-DDCNN
Authors: Pu Haoning , Wen Zhan , Sun Xiulan , Han Lemei , Na Yanhe , Liu Hantao , Li Wenzao
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a shorter time cost, high-accuracy fault diagnosis method for water pumps. Water pumps are widely used in industrial equipment and their fault diagnosis is gaining increasing attention. Considering the time-consuming empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and the more efficient classification provided by the convolutional neural network (CNN) method, a novel classification method based on incomplete empirical mode decomposition (IEMD) and dual-input dual-channel convolutional neural network (DDCNN) composite data is proposed and applied to the fault diagnosis of water pumps.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a data preprocessing method using IEMD combined with mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) and a neural network model of DDCNN. First, the sound signal is decomposed by IEMD to get numerous intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual (RES). Several IMFs and one RES are then extracted by MFCC features. Ultimately, the obtained features are split into two channels (IMFs one channel; RES one channel) and input into DDCNN.

Findings

The Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection (MIMII dataset) is used to verify the practicability of the method. Experimental results show that decomposition into an IMF is optimal when taking into account the real-time and accuracy of the diagnosis. Compared with EMD, 51.52% of data preprocessing time, 67.25% of network training time and 63.7% of test time are saved and also improve accuracy.

Research limitations/implications

This method can achieve higher accuracy in fault diagnosis with a shorter time cost. Therefore, the fault diagnosis of equipment based on the sound signal in the factory has certain feasibility and research importance.

Originality/value

This method provides a feasible method for mechanical fault diagnosis based on sound signals in industrial applications.
Authentically flown to innovation: authentically triggered innovative work behavior through flow at work with moderating role of creative self-efficacy
Authors: Kafeel Laiba , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Ahmed Syed Saad
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The study aims to explore the mediating role of flow at work and moderating role of creative self-efficacy in the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative work behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected data from 315 employees working in the service sector through survey design. Data analysis was done through structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings revealed that authentic leadership is related to flow at work and innovative work behavior. Flow at work was also found to be related to innovative work behavior. Flow at work was found to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative work behavior. The study also confirmed the moderating role of creative self-efficacy in the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative work behavior.

Originality/value

The study unearthed the previously unexplored mediating role of flow at work linking authentic leadership to innovative work behavior. Additionally, it is the first study that explicated how creative self-efficacy moderates the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative work behavior; the relationship between the two is stronger when creative self-efficacy is high.
Green technology adoption paving the way toward sustainable performance in circular economy: a case of Pakistani small and medium enterprises
Authors: Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Ahmad Zeeshan , Sheikh Adnan Ahmed , Yu Zhang
Published: March 2023

Purpose

A rapid increase in traditional industries is creating social and environmental problems through extensive usage of natural resources and polluting the environment. A circular economy provides curative and renewing lines of action about these problems. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that lead toward sustainable performance in a circular economy context and empirically test the relationships between green technology adoption (GTA), circular economy principles (CEP), sustainable supply chain practices (SSCM) and sustainable performance (SP).

Design/methodology/approach

Using the well-developed governmental databases, data from 435 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the textile sector of Pakistan were collected and tested through AMOS using a structural equation model.

Findings

The results disclosed that GTA, CEP and SSCM have significant and positive direct relationships and facilitate improving SMEs’ SP. Circular economy entrepreneurship (CEE) and customer pressure (CP) were found to have a significant and positive influence on the relationships of GTA and CEP with SSCM.

Originality/value

The role of GTA in circular economy and the moderating effect of CEE and CP is an addition to the literature. SMEs’ GTA allows them to reuse, reduce and recycle natural resources rather than obtain new ones from the ecosystem.
Factors affecting job satisfaction and employee performance: a case study in an Indonesian sharia property companies
Authors: Latifah Istiqomah Nur , Suhendra Agus Achmad , Mufidah Ilma
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to discover the factors affecting employee performance by testing the relationship of change management, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and leadership style on employee performance in Indonesian sharia property companies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study population was all members of “Sharia Property Developer” (DPS) across Indonesia with criteria of having subordinates at least one person and is listed as a DPS member. The samples used were 71 people from the 200 members of DPS across Indonesia. The sampling method used was based on R2 value and significance level with an 80% statistical strength. Data analysis was carried out using smartPLS software to test the relationship of change management, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and leadership style on employee performance.

Findings

The utilization of SEM in Smart PLS for change management with the ADKAR method had a negative value of 6.2% in affecting employee performance and 4.6% in affecting job satisfaction. Job satisfaction insignificantly affected employee performance by 7.5%. Leadership style and organizational commitment positively affected performance by 57.9% and 25.6%, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

This study did not limit respondents’ education levels. Twenty percent of respondents were middle and high school graduates. Respondent’s position was mostly the highest leader in the company by 58%. Indicators in the ADKAR model did not implement the construct validity test since the researchers did not find precedent studies that discuss the indicators of the ADKAR model in detail.

Practical implications

Factors that positively and significantly affected employee performance can be used to plan employee performance of DPS member companies.

Social implications

The company must create a program to produce meaning in working, shape leaders to have discipline by putting appropriate employees as leaders.

Originality/value

This study used change management, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and leadership style as exogenous variables, job satisfaction and leadership style as intervening variables. The study model modified the previous study regarding employee performance improvement because it utilized the change management with the ADKAR model. The study objects were sharia property companies, where the researchers did not find previous studies discussing employee performance in sharia property companies.
How does a region react to different types of shocks? The case of a Brazilian T&C industrial region
Authors: Miranda Junior Newton da Silva , Hoffmann Valmir Emil , Filgueiras Renan Costa
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to empirically investigate how an industrial region has reacted to different shocks – competitive, market and environmental – through its economic subsystems – its firms, workers and institutions – in a longitudinal perspective for the period 1985–2021.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a mixed-method approach applied to a case study of the Brazilian T&C industrial region. The authors used two data sources and two stages for data collection. The first stage involved documentary research and the second in-depth interviews. The analysis of qualitative data took place in two stages. In the first, the authors applied content analysis, and in the second stage, the authors used the exploratory statistical technique of simple correspondence analysis and the categorical data.

Findings

The results provide evidence that different types of shock provoke different reactions. However, the shock–reaction relationship is invariable over time. The authors observed proportionality in the size of the shock and the regional actors involved in the regional response – firms, workers and institutions.

Originality/value

The authors went a step further, presenting empirical research on the shock–reaction relationship using the “type of shock” as a variable. This paper provides a holistic understanding of the factors behind regional resilience through insights into the role that resources, structures, institutions and actors play in the regional response to distinct types of shocks, reaching four main conclusions.
Explaining technology migration against the change in terms of use: an fsQCA approach
Authors: Dahabiyeh Laila , Farooq Ali , Ahmad Farhan , Javed Yousra
Published: March 2023

Purpose

During the past few years, social media has faced the challenge of maintaining its user base. Reports show that the social media giants such as Facebook and Twitter experienced a decline in their users. Taking WhatsApp's recent change of its terms of use as the case of this study and using the push-pull-mooring model and a configurational perspective, this study aims to identify pathways for switching intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 624 WhatsApp users recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and analyzed using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings

The findings identify seven configurations for high switching intentions and four configurations for low intentions to switch. Firm reputation and critical mass increase intention to switch, while low firm reputation and absence of attractive alternatives hinder switching.

Research limitations/implications

This study extends extant literature on social media migration by identifying configurations that result in high and low switching intention among messaging applications.

Practical implications

The study identifies factors the technology service providers should consider to attract new users and retain existing users.

Originality/value

This study complements the extant literature on switching intention that explains the phenomenon based on a net-effect approach by offering an alternative view that focuses on the existence of multiple pathways to social media switching. It further advances the authors’ understanding of the relevant importance of switching factors.
Impacts of household norms and trust on organic food purchase behavior under adapted theory of planned behavior
Authors: Nguyen Tam To , Dang Huong Quoc , Le-Anh Tuan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper proposed an adaptation of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to study the factors influencing organic food purchase behavior in an emerging market. This research introduced household norms as an important factor that reflected the influence of household activities and family pressure on individuals to perform organic food purchase behaviors. The role of trust in organic food as a direct and a moderating factor was examined in the proposed framework as well.

Design/methodology/approach

The study proposed a model with 10 hypotheses from the literature review. The hypotheses were tested using data collected from 407 organic food customers in Hanoi, Vietnam. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used for analysis.

Findings

The results indicated that household norms played an important role influencing purchase intention and behavior. This research also showed that trust in organic food directly affected purchase intention and played a moderating role on the attitude towards organic food and purchase intention relationship. However, trust in organic food did not show moderating effects on other relationships in the model.

Research limitations/implications

More context-specific reasons may be incorporated into the research model to better explain consumer purchase behaviors.

Originality/value

The role of household norms and its impact under TPB has not been investigated for organic food purchase behaviors, particularly in emerging markets.
Royal family board directors and the level of ESG disclosures in GCC listed firms
Authors: Arayssi Mahmoud , Jizi Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the role of royal family members’ board of directors, as a specific aspect of corporate governance, on the firm’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures. Many firms in the world enjoy special political connections, benefit from tax exemptions and favorable treatments that are largely responsible for their economic endurance and strong performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collect data from Thomson Reuters database on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-listed firms for 2010–2018. Royal family board directors’ data is manually collected using a systematic approach to ensure accuracy. Fixed effects’ panel regression model is used to estimate relationships. The authors interact variables to test the moderating effect of board independence and sustainability committee on the influence of royal family board directors.

Findings

This study finds that royal family directors on GCC boards negotiate fewer ESG reporting in firms. While board independence, board gender diversity, sustainability committee and governance committee increase the level of ESG-disclosures in the traditional way of reducing agency costs to stakeholders, this study finds that royal family board members convey beneficial consequences on firms without perceiving the need to disclose their ESG activities. Additionally, these firms do not show a spillover effect from the royal family members on the board’s independence or the existence of a sustainability committee; rather these members use a different channel for protecting and building the business value. These results are robust with respect to controls for company size, leverage, return on assets and growth. Instrumental variables are then introduced in the analysis to perform a sensitivity test.

Originality/value

The study results indicate the need to improve GCC market transparency over supplementary limitations that exist on their corporate governance condition. This may be consequential to regulators, lenders and investors. The results suggest the need to raise awareness of the importance of governance and balancing firms’ financial and social performance in the presence of royal family board directors. Policymakers and governance agencies are responsible for promoting the importance of forming sustainability committees and having a set of performance indicators that measure the effectiveness of their actions.
The effect of rural roads on consumption in Ethiopia
Authors: Anega Naod Mekonnen , Alemu Bamlaku
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study empirically examines the impact of rural roads on consumption of households in Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach

Both descriptive statistics and econometric techniques are used to address the aforementioned objective. Specifically, quantile regression, fixed- and random-effect models are used to understand the impact of rural road quality on welfare.

Findings

The econometric analysis revealed that improving the quality of rural roads and/or creating access to all-weather roads raises households' average real consumption per capita by as much as 10%. The other transport indicator – mode of transport – also has a positive effect on real consumption per capita. The result indicated that real consumption per capita for households using the traditional mode of transport would increase by as much as 7% compared to those using foot as a major mode of transport. However, the fixed quantile estimation result revealed that rural road access has a positive and significant effect on consumption per capita only for the 0.8th and 0.9th percentiles, indicating that the access to roads is not pro-poor.

Research limitations/implications

Improving rural roads to a level of all-weather road standards and provision of agricultural transport facilities should be strategic priorities.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence pertinent to the effect rural mobility has on the consumption of households as well as the pro-poorness of such investments in rural settings.
Country-of-origin effects on consumer cognitive structures and preference for foreign brands among elites
Authors: Rodrigo Padmali , Khan Hina , Valaei Naser
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Despite the plethora of research into country-of-origin (COO) effects, research that investigates the cognitive structures behind elite consumers' preferences for foreign brands remains limited. Hence, this study aims to investigate the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference among professional elites in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the means-end chain (MEC) theory as the theoretical lens and building on the findings of 30 laddering interviews (semi-structured), a survey was conducted among 311 professional elites to uncover the key elements of the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference.

Findings

The findings revealed that the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference are influenced by a bundle of brand attributes, brand consequences and personal values of elites', which significantly influence their attitudes towards foreign brands. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the relationship between brand attributes and attitudes significantly differs across Chinese and US COOs where the path coefficient is stronger for elites' preference for Chinese brands.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind to explore the COO effects on consumer cognitive structures. The findings contribute to MEC theory and shed light on the understanding towards elites' preference for foreign brands.
The present and future of hotel star ratings through the eyes of star rating operators
Authors: Koutoulas Dimitris , Vagena Akrivi
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is, first, to determine which developments have shaped official hotel classification systems over recent years (including the impact of guest-review platforms) and second to establish the future of those systems through the eyes of the people who are actually in charge of operating them.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were chosen as the most suitable method for approaching hotel classification system administrators. This method is in line with previous research on approaching key informants in their respective fields. Sixteen people representing 12 different official national hotel classification systems from across the world as well as one commercial hotel star rating system participated in the online interviews.

Findings

The first main conclusion is that hotel classification systems – especially voluntary ones – would not have survived the enormous impact of guest-review platforms without quickly adjusting to the ever-changing hotel industry landscape. The frequent review of classification criteria and procedures has become the main survival strategy of classification systems. The second conclusion is that system operators are strongly optimistic about the future outlook of hotel classification based on their proven flexibility to swiftly adapt to new market conditions.

Originality/value

Research about hotel classification systems is usually based on the views of the systems' users, i.e. hotels or hotel guests, whereas the present paper reflects the perspective of the systems' operators, an angle rarely analyzed in the literature.
Whether the reform of the accounting system affects the corporate innovative behavior: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment
Authors: Hou Xinmeng , Xie Hongji , Xu Shulin , Tong Zefeng , Liu Zeqi
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the accounting system reform on corporate innovation behavior and the heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms of this impact. This paper further aims to study the impact of accounting system reform on corporate value.

Design/methodology/approach

This study takes China's A-share listed corporates as a sample and uses the exogenous policy shock of the implementation of the New Accounting Standards in 2007 to design the identification strategy of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences method. By comparing the differences between the innovation level of corporates in high-tech industries and non-high-tech industries before and after the implementation of the New Accounting Standards, the impact of the accounting system reform on corporates' innovative behavior can be identified.

Findings

Results show that compared with corporates in traditional industries, high-tech corporates obtained higher patent output after the implementation of the New Accounting Standards. This reform mainly affects corporate innovation by improving corporate risk-taking. In addition, this paper finds that the reform of the accounting system has increased the market value of high-tech corporates in the long run.

Originality/value

This study provides new empirical evidence for addressing the insufficient innovation incentives for market entities and enriches the existing literature on the economic effects of the change of accounting systems and the influencing factors of corporate innovative behavior from the accounting system perspective.
How do predecessor CEOs on boards affect succession performance?
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Dung Thi , Lee Cheng-Yu
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Corporate governance scholars have long been interested in understanding the impact of former chief executive officers (CEOs) who do not fully leave office but rather remain as board members. Departing from the inconclusive findings of retaining Janus-faced predecessor CEOs on boards, this study revisits the concept of retaining predecessor CEOs on boards (RPCB) and its influence on successors and firm performance under certain conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyzes a sample of 461 Taiwanese firms from 2015 to 2019, adopting the ordinary least squares regression method to examine the correlation between RPCB and firm performance. It specifically analyzes the moderating effects of the complexity of firms' internal and external environments in this context.

Findings

The empirical results show that there is no direct relationship between RPCB and post-succession performance, indicating that this association is shaped by contextual factors. Indeed, the influence of predecessors is more pronounced in situations of high internal and external complexities such that the value of RPCB is situation specific.

Originality/value

This study is the first to generate the resource-based view theory to recognize that the relationship between predecessors on boards and financial consequences is moderated by contextual factors. The authors are the first to extend extant research by considering internal and external complexity in the context of succession and RPCB. In such situations, successors' need for regular mentoring is heightened and the benefits of prior CEO knowledge and resources are more substantial.
Peer effects of digital innovation behavior: an external environment perspective
Authors: Li Wanhong , Wang Fan , Liu Tiansen , Xue Qinglian , Liu Nan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The use of digital technology in firms has drawn attention of innovation management scholars and policy-makers, especially the imitation of digital technology and competition among peer firms. Drawing on dynamic competition theory, this paper examines how firms react to their peers' digital innovation behavior and the effect of external environment mechanisms on the magnitude of peer effects.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes a text mining method to construct a baseline model with a Tobit estimator using data obtained for Chinese listed firms.

Findings

The findings suggest that peer effects on digital innovation behavior are robust and significant positive in China. Moreover, peer effects on digital innovation participation are positively magnified by firms' strong social network and high Fintech development. However, peer effects are relatively higher in non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), low-profitability and high R&D firms.

Research limitations/implications

The authors' findings contribute to the digital management literature by showing that firms need digital technological imitation and diffusion of innovations in the digital era.

Practical implications

Managers should provide insights into firms' imitation of their peers' acts to preserve competitive parity. Besides, firms should integrate employees within the organization and communicate digital innovation concepts and behaviors to external peer firms.

Originality/value

First, this paper contributes to explaining how firms change their digital innovation strategy through the influence of peers' digital innovation behavior. Second, this paper fills the literature gaps related to the moderating effects of external environment factors in peer effects of digital innovation behavior.
The dark side of HR blog in the workplace: investigating the employees’ trust factors affecting using HR blog
Authors: Mohiya Mohamed , Caputo Francesco
Published: March 2023

Purpose

HR Blog is one of the social technologies systems to allow employees to voice the issues they experience. However, employees’ trust becomes an emerging issue to use HR Blog. This paper aims to investigate the impact level of employees’ trust in using HR Blog and identifying the causes affecting employees’ trust in using HR Blog. Social exchange theory (SET) was adopted as a vehicle to assist in identifying the employees’ trust causes. SET found serves the aim of research because it posits that the relationship between employees and HR Blog is built based on reciprocity, two-way of exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts a qualitative method, namely, semi-structured interviews. The total number of conducted semi-structured interviews is 46, 38 interviews with HR Blog users and eight interviews with the management of HR Blog.

Findings

The present research found that HR Blog is distrusted by the vast majority of employees. The causes of HR Blog distrust were: functionality (mainly the placing the filtration process); lack of feedback and attention to employees in HR Blog; lack of providing tangible outcomes of HR Blog; and absence of HR Blog informative materials and clear guidelines.

Originality/value

This research lies in the fact that it is one of the first studies that focus on employees’ perspectives to empirically identify and investigate their trust factors affecting the use of HR Blog. The study achieved its aim in terms of gaining a better understanding of how to gain and restore employees’ trust to make HR Blog a trusted and effective system in the workplace.
Fine‐scale mapping of physicochemical and microbial landscapes of the coral skeleton
Authors: Ricci Francesco , Tandon Kshitij , Moßhammer Maria , Cho Ellie H.‐J. , Blackall Linda L. , Kühl Michael , Verbruggen Heroen
Published: March 2023

The coral skeleton harbours a diverse community of bacteria and microeukaryotes exposed to light, O2 and pH gradients, but how such physicochemical gradients affect the coral skeleton microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we employed chemical imaging of O2 and pH, hyperspectral reflectance imaging and spatially resolved taxonomic and inferred functional microbiome characterization to explore links between the skeleton microenvironment and microbiome in the reef‐building corals Porites lutea and Paragoniastrea benhami. The physicochemical environment was more stable in the deep skeleton, and the diversity and evenness of the bacterial community increased with skeletal depth, suggesting that the microbiome was stratified along the physicochemical gradients. The bulk of the coral skeleton was in a low O2 habitat, whereas pH varied from pH 6–9 with depth. Physicochemical gradients of O2 and pH of the coral skeleton explained the β‐diversity of the bacterial communities, and skeletal layers that showed O2 peaks had a higher relative abundance of endolithic algae, reflecting a link between the abiotic environment and the microbiome composition. Our study links the physicochemical, microbial and functional landscapes of the coral skeleton and provides new insights into the involvement of skeletal microbes in the coral holobiont metabolism.
Emergency examination authorities in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Clough Alan R , Evans Angela , Graham Veronica , Catterall Janet , Lakeman Richard , Gilroy John , Pratt Gregory , Petrucci Joe , Orda Ulrich , Sehdev Rajesh , Thornton Neale , Das Sourav , Yearsley Gillian , Stone Richard
Published: March 2023

Objective

In Queensland, where a person experiences a major disturbance in their mental capacity, and is at risk of serious harm to self and others, an emergency examination authority (EEA) authorises Queensland Police Service (QPS) and Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) to detain and transport the person to an ED. In the ED, further detention for up to 12 h is authorised to allow the examination to be completed. Little published information describes these critical patient encounters.

Methods

Queensland's Public Health Act (2005), amended in 2017, mandates the use of the approved EEA form. Data were extracted from a convenience sample of 942 EEAs including: (i) patient age, sex, address; (ii) free text descriptions by QPS and QAS officers of the person's behaviour and any serious risk of harm requiring urgent care; (iii) time examination period commenced; and (iv) outcome upon examination.

Results

Of 942 EEA forms, 640 (68%) were retrieved at three ‘larger central’ hospitals and 302 (32%) at two ‘smaller regional’ hospitals in non‐metropolitan Queensland. QPS initiated 342 (36%) and QAS 600 (64%) EEAs for 486 (52%) males, 453 (48%) females and two intersexes (<1%), aged from 9 to 85 years (median 29 years, 17% aged <18 years). EEAs commonly occurred on weekends (32%) and between 2300 and midnight (8%), characterised by ‘drug and/or alcohol issues’ (53%), ‘self‐harm’ (40%), ‘patient aggression’ (25%) and multiple prior EEAs (23%). Although information was incomplete, most patients (78%, n = 419/534) required no inpatient admission.

Conclusions

EEAs furnish unique records for evaluating the impacts of Queensland's novel legislative reforms.
Approximately 1 in 10 ambulatory inflammatory bowel disease patients are at risk of malnutrition: A prospective Singapore cohort
Authors: Sim Benedix , Cheah Mark Chang Chuen , Chan Webber Pak Wo , Wang Yu Tien , Tan Malcolm Teck Kiang , Shim Hang Hock , Salazar Ennaliza
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Prevalence of malnutrition among ambulatory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in Singapore is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ambulatory IBD patients at risk of malnutrition (ARMN) using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and its clinical outcomes.

Methods

IBD patients were recruited from March to June 2018 and followed up for 6 months. ARMN patients were defined as having a MUST score of 2 or more compared with those not at risk (non‐ARMN).

Results

Altogether 217 patients were recruited, including 128 (59.0%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 89 (41.0%) with Crohn's disease (CD). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2; 35 (16.1%) patients were on biologics, and 52 (24.0%) were on steroids. Among them 25 (11.5%) patients were ARMN, with a predominance of UC (n = 15, 60.0%). The majority of ARMN patients were underweight (n = 23, 92.0%) while 114 (59.4%) non‐ARMN patients were overweight. ARMN patients had a significantly lower albumin (38.3 g/L vs 41.9 g/L) and a significantly increased proportion of patients with C‐reactive protein ≥5 mg/L (36.0% vs 19.3%). There was a trend towards longer hospital stay among ARMN patients, although this was not statistically significant. Use of biologics or immunomodulators and albumin levels were associated with being ARMN.

Conclusion

Using MUST, 11.5% of our ambulatory IBD patients in Singapore were identified to be ARMN. Among ARMN patients, a trend was demonstrated towards a longer hospital stays for admitted patients. This underscores the need to actively screen ambulatory IBD patients for malnutrition.
Estimation of additive genetic variance when there are gene–environment correlations: Pitfalls, solutions and unexplored questions
Authors: Munar‐Delgado Gabriel , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Edelaar Pim
Published: March 2023

Estimating the genetic variation underpinning a trait is crucial to understanding and predicting its evolution. A key statistical tool to estimate this variation is the animal model. Typically, the environment is modelled as an external variable independent of the organism, affecting the focal phenotypic trait via phenotypic plasticity. We studied what happens if the environment is not independent of the organism because it chooses or adjusts its environment, potentially creating non‐zero genotype–environment correlations.

We simulated a set of biological scenarios assuming the presence or absence of a genetic basis for a focal phenotypic trait and/or the focal environment (treated as an extended phenotype), as well as phenotypic plasticity (the effect of the environment on the phenotypic trait) and/or ‘environmental plasticity’ (the effect of the phenotypic trait on the local environment). We then estimated the additive genetic variance of the phenotypic trait and/or the environment by applying five animal models which differed in which variables were fitted as the dependent variable and which covariates were included.

We show that animal models can estimate the additive genetic variance of the local environment (i.e. the extended phenotype) and can detect environmental plasticity. We show that when the focal environment has a genetic basis, the additive genetic variance of a phenotypic trait increases if there is phenotypic plasticity. We also show that phenotypic plasticity can be mistakenly inferred to exist when it is actually absent and instead environmental plasticity is present. When the causal relationship between the phenotype and the environment is misunderstood, it can lead to severe misinterpretation of the genetic parameters, including finding ‘phantom’ genetic variation for traits that, in reality, have none. We also demonstrate how using bivariate models can partly alleviate these issues. Finally, we provide the mathematical equations describing the expected estimated values.

This study highlights that not taking gene–environment correlations into account can lead to erroneous interpretations of additive genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity estimates. If we aim to understand and predict how organisms adapt to environmental change, we need a better understanding of the mechanisms that may lead to gene–environment correlations.
Current allele distribution of the human longevity gene APOE in Europe can mainly be explained by ancient admixture
Authors: Kolbe Daniel , da Silva Nicolas A. , Dose Janina , Torres Guillermo G. , Caliebe Amke , Krause‐Kyora Ben , Nebel Almut
Published: March 2023

Variation in apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been shown to have the strongest genetic effect on human longevity. The aim of this study was to unravel the evolutionary history of the three major APOE alleles in Europe by analysing ancient samples up to 12,000 years old. We detected significant allele frequency shifts between populations and over time. Our analyses indicated that selection led to large frequency differences between the earliest European populations (i.e., hunter‐gatherers vs. first farmers), possibly due to changes in diet/lifestyle. In contrast, the allele distributions in populations from ~4000 BCE onward can mainly be explained by admixture, suggesting that it also played an important role in shaping current APOE variation. In any case, the resulting allele frequencies strongly influence the predisposition for longevity today, likely as a consequence of past adaptations and demographic processes.
Climate change disclosure and the information environment in the initial public offering market
Authors: Chen Jerry W. , Khoo Eunice S. , Peng Zihang
Published: March 2023

We investigate whether climate change disclosures in initial public offering (IPO) prospectuses affect the information environment in the IPO market. We find that climate change disclosures are associated with lower IPO underpricing. Further analyses reveal that reputable underwriters and the Securities Exchange Commission'sCommission Guidance Regarding Disclosure Related to Climate Changeenhance the information role of climate change disclosures in the IPO market. We demonstrate that firms with more extensive climate change disclosures provide stronger hedging benefits against climate change risks in the post‐IPO period. Overall, our results support the crucial role of climate change disclosures in improving the information environment of the IPO market.
Expression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix‐related mediators in the cervicovaginal fluid of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes: Relationship with acute histological chorioamnionitis
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Park Kyo Hoon , Joo Eunwook , Lee Jung Yun , Im Eun Mi , Lee Kyong‐No , Shin Sue
Published: March 2023

Problem

To investigate whether altered expression of various inflammation‐, angiogenesis‐, and extracellular matrix‐related mediators in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) could be independently associated with acute histological chorioamnionitis (HCA), microbial‐associated HCA, and funisitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Method of Study

Clinical data of 102 consecutive singleton pregnant women with PPROM at 23+0 to 34+0 weeks were retrospectively analyzed. CVF samples were collected upon admission. Levels of APRIL, DKK‐3, IGFBP‐1/2, IL‐6/8, lipocalin‐2, M‐CSF, MIP‐1α, MMP‐8/9, S100A8A9, TGFBI, TIMP‐1, TNFR2, uPA, and VDBP were determined by ELISA. Placentas were histologically examined after birth.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that: (1) elevated CVF levels of IL‐8 and TNFR2 were independently associated with acute HCA; (2) elevated CVF levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, M‐CSF, MMP‐8, and TNFR2 were independently associated with microbial‐associated HCA; and (3) elevated CVF IL‐8 and MMP‐8 levels were independently associated with funisitis when adjusted for gestational age. Areas under the curves of the aforementioned CVF biomarkers ranged within 0.61–0.77, thereby demonstrating poor to fair diagnostic capacity for these clinical endpoints. HCA risk significantly increased as the CVF levels of each inflammatory mediator increased (P for trend < 0.05).

Conclusions

Herein, we identified several inflammatory biomarkers (IL‐6/8, M‐CSF, MMP‐8, and TNFR2) in the CVF that are independently associated with acute HCA, microbial‐associated HCA, and funisitis in women with PPROM. Furthermore, the degree of inflammatory response in the CVF, based on the levels of these proteins, demonstrated a direct relationship with HCA risk (especially risk severity).
How Politicians Learn from Citizens’ Feedback: The Case of Gender on Twitter
Authors: Schöll Nikolas , Gallego Aina , Le Mens Gaël
Published: March 2023

This article studies how politicians react to feedback from citizens on social media. We use a reinforcement‐learning framework to model how politicians respond to citizens’ positive feedback by increasing attention to better received issues and allow feedback to vary depending on politicians’ gender. To test the model, we collect 1.5 million tweets published by Spanish MPs over 3 years, identify gender‐issue tweets using a deep‐learning algorithm (BERT) and measure feedback using retweets and likes. We find that citizens provide more positive feedback to female politicians for writing about gender, and that this contributes to their specialization in gender issues. The analysis of mechanisms suggests that female politicians receive more positive feedback because they are treated differently by citizens. To conclude, we discuss implications for representation, misperceptions, and polarization.
Neurological complications of rotavirus infection in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meyer A. , Mazzara C. , Lava S. A. G. , Treglia G. , Bianchetti M. G. , Goeggel Simonetti B. , Simonetti G. D.
Published: March 2023

Aim

To systematically review the clinical features and outcomes of paediatric patients developing neurological complications associated with a rotavirus infection.

Methods

A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis was performed, including articles published from 1984 to 2020. Neurological complications were classified into four groups: encephalitis, cerebellitis, encephalo‐cerebellitis and benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG).

Results

Out of 68 reports that fulfilled the research criteria, 99 cases of CwG, 39 cases of encephalitis, 18 cases of encephalo‐cerebellitis and five cases of cerebellitis were collected. Ninety‐five patients were from Asia. Median age was 22 (IQR 14–29) months, and the children who developed CwG were significantly younger (19, IQR 12–24 months,p < 0.0001) than the others. Status epilepticus was observed in 23% and 5% of the encephalitis and CwG groups respectively. The most frequently described neuroimaging finding were lesions of the splenium of corpus callosum. Four deaths were reported in the encephalitis group, whereas no fatal events were described in the other groups. Among the surviving children, the encephalo‐cerebellitis group showed the most severe long‐term outcome. All cases of CwG recovered completely.

Conclusion

Older age at diagnosis and the development of encephalo‐cerebellitis are associated with a higher risk of long‐term complications.
Sleep and circadian rhythms in α‐synucleinopathies—Perspectives for disease modification
Authors: Kunz Dieter , Oster Henrik , Rawashdeh Oliver , Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Münte Thomas , Berg Daniela
Published: March 2023

The global north is facing an unprecedented rise in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing incidence of Parkinson's disease is being referred to as a pandemic. The reason for the enormous increase is only partly understood. Lifestyle factors are known to play a role, but they alone cannot account for the surge. One factor that—although being recognized as important—has not been explored in detail so far is the influence of circadian rhythms. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption are known as key factors in neurodegeneration, and their occurrence during early disease stages suggests a causal role in the pathogenesis. Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) has been identified as a prodromal state of α‐synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy offering a window for insights into the early development of these diseases. Even though REM sleep is the sleep state most pronounced, driven and modulated by the circadian timing system, specific circadian abnormalities have not been described in iRBD. Novel experimental and clinical approaches exploiting the molecular circuitry underlying circadian timekeeping hold promise to disentangle some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of α‐synucleinopathies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in α‐synucleinopathies with an emphasis on molecular aspects and therapeutic potentials. These insights might contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and may allow therapeutic interventions addressing the disturbed circadian system at the early stage of disease.
Editorial: Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Speedy Adrienne P. , Wall Catherine L.
Published: March 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Dua et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17389
Analgesic efficacy of modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through the perichondrial approach in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study with propensity analysis
Authors: Matsuura Hideki , Terada Yuki , Rokkaku Yuki , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Taniguchi Eiji , Saito Yurina , Tsujimura Naoto , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Kawaguchi Masahiko
Published: March 2023

Modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through the perichondral approach (M‐TAPA) was recently reported to provide broad analgesia with only a single injection of local anesthetics (LA) on each side. However, the effectiveness of M‐TAPA in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is not often reported. We retrospectively evaluated the analgesic efficacy of M‐TAPA in patients who underwent LC and compared it with conventional LA infiltration (LAI) by calculating the propensity score. The primary outcome was the frequency of analgesic use after surgery. Although there was no difference in the frequency of analgesic use within 48 hours (P = .063), there was significantly less analgesic use 24–48 hours after surgery in the TAPA group (P = .02). Intraoperative remifentanil administration also significantly decreased in the TAPA group (P < .001). We found that pre‐incisional M‐TAPA may have an advantage over LAI with respect to analgesia on postoperative day 1.
Mobile health technology and empowerment
Authors: Kreitmair Karola V.
Published: March 2023

Mobile Health (m‐health) technologies, such as wearables, apps, and smartwatches, are increasingly viewed as tools for improving health and well‐being. In particular, such technologies are conceptualized as means for laypersons to master their own health, by becoming “engaged” and “empowered” “managers” of their bodies and minds. One notion that is especially prevalent in the discussions around m‐health technology is that of empowerment. In this paper, I analyze the notion of empowerment at play in the m‐health arena, identifying five elements that are required for empowerment. These are (1) knowledge, (2) control, (3) responsibility, (4) the availability of good choices, and (5) healthy desires. I argue that at least sometimes, these features are not present in the use of these technologies. I then argue that instead of empowerment, it is plausible that m‐health technology merely facilitates a feeling of empowerment. I suggest this may be problematic, as it risks placing the burden of health and behavior change solely on the shoulders of individuals who may not be in a position to affect such change.