bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of VSD technique in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects
Authors: Zhang Xinling , Chen Yujie , Xiao Xiaodi , Wang Zheng , Yang Xin , Zhao Zhenmin
Published: August 2022

To investigate the clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects in adults. This study retrospectively included 32 adult patients with clearly diagnosed chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with local soft tissue defects, and the trauma was covered by VSD after debridement, osteotomy, and vancomycin‐laden bone cement filling of the occupancy, and the trauma was covered by selecting a suitable flap transfer repair according to the site and extent of the soft tissue defect after the trauma condition was suitable, and the secondary trauma was taken from the abdominal full‐thickness skin free skin slice graft, according to whether the skin graft area was performed. The skin flap hematoma and infection rate, as well as the skin flap survival rate and implant fixation time were compared and analysed between the two groups. The primary outcome is the implant fixation time, and the secondary outcome is the skin fragment survival rate. In 32 patients, VSD was performed on the bone cement surface to cover the trauma, and 33.2 to 39.8 kPa continuous vacuum sealing drainage was set. The average VSD time duration before soft tissue coverage was 47.87 ± 23.14 days, and the average number of VSD use was 7.18 ± 3.23. The use of VSD before soft tissue coverage did not cause complications such as negative pressure could not be maintained, vacuum sealing drainage was not smooth, skin blistering, trauma. Among the 32 patients, 12 cases of soft tissue coverage were followed by trauma free skin grafting with packing + VSD, and 20 cases were fixed with packing alone, and the duration of continuous packing and fixation of free skin pieces in the VSD group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = .006). The survival rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .019). VSD in adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects can effectively improve the trauma condition, provide the possibility of second‐stage soft tissue coverage, and significantly shorten the preparation time for soft tissue coverage. In addition, when soft tissue coverage trauma is performed, VSD combined with skin graft packing technique can significantly improve the survival rate of skin pieces, shorten the time of skin graft fixation.
A novel, magnetic bead-based extraction method for the isolation of antimicrobial resistance genes with a case study in river water in Malawi
Authors: Byrne Rachel L. , Cocker Derek , Alyayyoussi Ghaith , Mphasa Madalitso , Charles Mary , Mandula Tamandani , Williams Christopher T. , Rigby Jonathan , Hearn Jack , Feasey Nicholas , Adams Emily R. , Edwards Thomas
Published: August 2022

Aims

The environment is increasingly recognized as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which can be identified using molecular platforms. Yet, environmental surveillance remains an underutilised tool as there is no agreement on the best strategy for sample processing. We aim to develop a low-cost extraction method independent to commercial kits or reagents.

Methods and Results

We present a novel, magnetic bead-based method for the isolation of ARGs from river water named MagnaExtract. We present this with analytic limit of detection as well as a case study in Southern Malawi. Here we compare the DNA yield from MagnaExtract with commercially available QIAGEN kits and the crude boil and spin method, using a high-resolution melt analysis PCR panel designed for the detection of third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant genes from 98 water samples.

Conclusion

The MagnaExtract method is comparable, and in some instance's superior to commercially available kits for the isolation of ARGs from river water samples.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The MagnaExtract approach offers a simple, affordable, high yielding extraction method that could be used for the detection of ARGs from river water samples in surveillance campaigns in East Africa.
Clinical outcomes of dental implants in patients with and without history of periodontitis: A 20‐year prospective study
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Imber Jean‐Claude , Marruganti Crystal , Salvi Giovanni E. , Ramieri Guglielmo , Roccuzzo Mario
Published: August 2022

Aim

To present the 20‐year clinical outcomes of tissue‐level implants in partially edentulous patients previously treated for periodontitis and in periodontally healthy patients (PHP).

Material and Methods

The original population consisted of 149 partially edentulous patients consecutively enrolled in a private specialist practice and divided into three groups: PHP, moderately periodontally compromised patients (mPCP) and severely PCP (sPCP). After successful completion of periodontal/implant therapy, patients were enrolled in an individualized supportive periodontal care (SPC) programme.

Results

Eighty‐four patients rehabilitated with 172 implants reached the 20‐year examination. During the observation time, 12 implants were removed (i.e., 11 due to biological complications and 1 due to implant fracture), leading to an overall implant survival rate of 93% (i.e., 94.9% for PHP, 91.8% for mPCP and 93.1% for sPCP [p = .29]). At 20 years, PCP compliant with SPC did not present with significantly higher odds of implant loss compared with PHP compliant with SPC (p > .05). Conversely, PCP not compliant with SPC experienced implant loss with odds ratio of 14.59 (1.30–164.29, p = .03).

Conclusions

Tissue‐level implants, placed after comprehensive periodontal therapy and SPC, yield favourable long‐term results. However, patients with a history of periodontitis and non‐compliant with SPC are at higher risk of biological complications and implant loss.
Taking stock for repair and refurbishing: A review of harvesting of spare parts from electrical and electronic products
Authors: Richter Jessika Luth , Svensson‐Hoglund Sahra , Dalhammar Carl , Russell Jennifer D. , Thidell Åke
Published: August 2022

A circular economy (CE) calls for the value of materials and products to be maintained and recovered through narrowing, closing, and slowing loops. However, there remain challenges in capturing value through reuse of components in refurbished and repaired products. In this paper, we provide an overview of the research and practice of harvesting spare parts from used and waste electrical and electronic equipment (white goods and consumer electronic products). Through a literature review and case studies of Norway, Sweden, and California, we provide an overview of drivers and barriers for spare part harvesting. Applying a stakeholder value mapping framework, we identify the key stakeholders involved in spare part harvesting and map the values captured, missed, and destroyed to identify opportunities for increased value retention. Finally, we suggest further refinements for policy to upscale spare part harvesting in light of CE goals and objectives.
The efficacy and safety of fractional lasers for alopecia in mono and adjunctive therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Ye‐Lin , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Jing‐Cao , Li Yan‐Ling
Published: August 2022

Background

Hair loss is affecting over half of the population worldwide, leading to noticeable psychotic disorders in a considerable proportion of patients. The current treatments remain unpredictable and disappointing.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional lasers compared with other conventional treatments as either mono or combined therapy in the treatment of alopecia.

Methods

We have conducted a thorough literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases (from inception to February 9, 2022). Relevant clinical trials, mainly randomized controlled trials, were included, regardless of their comparisons. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment was used for quality appraisal. Outcomes were evaluated by efficiency rate, hair density, etc.

Results

Thirteen controlled clinical trials, including nine randomized controlled trials, with 606 patients were retrieved. As an individual therapy, the fractional laser is superior to any other therapy in total efficiency (RR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.16–2.14, p = 0.003). When the fractional laser was applied in combined treatments, the result showed a significant difference (RR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.49, P = 0.03) compared with other treatments. Although both mono and adjunctive groups were confirmed to be efficient, there were no statistical differences between the two of them (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.87–1.77, p = 0.24).

Conclusion

Our results showed that the fractional laser has a significant efficacy as either mono or adjuvant therapy. Further research and exploration of fractional lasers with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the efficiency and safety of this treatment.
Low‐level green laser promotes wound healing after carbon dioxide fractional laser therapy
Authors: Gong Chengchen , Lu Yongzhou , Jia Chuanlong , Xu Nan
Published: August 2022

Background

The carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser resurfacing has become one of the hottest therapies for dermatoses. However, complications such as skin swelling, prolonged erythema, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and scar formation remain. Low‐level laser (LLL) therapy is accepted to promote skin wound healing and regeneration, decrease inflammation and pain, and modulate immunoreaction with low‐dose laser of different wavelength. 532 nm laser therapy is commonly used to remove pigmented spots and to tender skin, but not utilized in wound care.

Objective

We aimed to determine the efficacy of the low‐level 532 nm green laser in wound healing after CO2 fractional laser.

Methods

Six adult male mice (C57BL/6, 8 weeks old) were prepared for animal experiments. The dorsum of each mouse was divided into four parts that, respectively, received designed treatments, as controlled (group Ctrl), 532 nm LLL‐treated (group GL), CO2 fractional laser‐treated (group FL), and CO2 fractional laser followed by three times 532 nm LLL‐treated (group FG). Hematoxylin–eosin staining (H&E), Masson‐trichrome staining, CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the efficacy of wound healing after treated by different irradiations. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins. Mouse skin fibroblasts (MSFs) were treated with LLL using a wavelength of 532 nm once. Cellular responses were observed and analyzed after 48 hours. Cell viability and migration of different groups were assessed by scratch and the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assays, respectively.

Results

Collagen remodeling and epidermis thickness were significantly enhanced in group FG than that in group FL in morphology. Besides, CD31 immunohistochemical staining indicated prominently increased angiogenesis in both groups FL and FG than non‐irradiation group. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related protein (Col1, Col3 and MMP1) showed a remarkable improvement in wound healing in group FG than that in group FL. Irradiated MSFs showed a better migration ability compared with non‐irradiated controls. LLL enhanced the secretion function of MSFs on Collagen I and III.

Conclusions

Low‐level green laser promotes wound healing after CO2 fractional laser by improving the integrity of skin barrier and allowing for scarless healing. Therefore, low‐level green laser therapy might serve as a sequential therapy of invasive laser surgery to ensure a better wound care.
Qualitative interviews results from heart failure survey respondents on the interaction between symptoms and burden of self‐care work
Authors: Austin Rosalynn C. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Richardson Alison , Kalra Paul R. , May Carl R.
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives

Following a cross‐sectional survey, a sub‐sample of participants was interviewed to explore the interaction between symptoms and burden of treatment.

Background

Burden of treatment considers both the work associated with illness and treatment, including self‐care work, as well as the individuals' capabilities and resources to engage in that work. The recent survey revealed the existence of a complex interaction.

Design

Qualitative abductive analysis of semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Adults with heart failure who participated in the survey were purposely sampled and invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Location and mode of interview varied by participant choice. Excerpts from the verbatim transcripts were assessed for interactions between symptoms and burden of treatment, and when identified these were characterised and explained. We followed COREQ checklist for reporting. The patient research ambassador group was involved from research design to dissemination.

Results

Participants (n = 32) consistently discussed how symptoms altered their capability to engage in self‐care work. As symptom intensity increased the difficultly of their self‐care work increased. A number of intervening factors appeared to influence the relationship between symptoms and burden of treatment. Intervening factors included illness pathology, illness identity, the value of the tasks attempted and available support structures. These factors may change how symptoms and burden of treatment are perceived; a model was constructed to explain and summarise these interactions.

Conclusions

The interaction between symptoms and burden of treatment is complex. Intervening factors—illness identity and pathology, task value and performance, and available support structures—appear to exert a strong influence on the interaction between symptoms and burden of treatment.

Relevance to clinical practice

These intervening factors present clinicians and researchers with opportunities to develop interventions that might reduce burden of treatment and improve symptoms and quality of life.

Clinical trial registration

SYMPACT was registered with ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN11011943.
Future anti‐HDV treatment strategies, including those aimed at HBV functional cure
Authors: Tan Yong Chuan , Lee Guan Huei , Huang Daniel Q. , Lim Seng Gee
Published: August 2022

HDV is a defective virus that uses the HBV surface antigen to enter hepatocytes. It is associated with an accelerated course of liver fibrosis progression and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Negative HDV RNA 24 weeks after the end of therapy has been proposed as an endpoint but late relapses make this endpoint suboptimal, hence HBsAg loss appears to be more appropriate. Current HBV antiviral agents have poor activity against HDV hence the search for improved therapy. Drugs only active against HDV, such as lonafarnib, have shown efficacy in combination with nucleoside analogues and peginterferon, but do not lead to HBsAg loss. HBsAg loss sustained 24 weeks after the end of therapy with negative HBV DNA is termed functional cure. Agents that are being investigated for functional cure include those that inhibit replication such as entry inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors and capsid assembly modulators but seldom lead to functional cure. Agents that reduce HBV antigen load such as RNA interference and inhibitors of HBsAg secretion are promising. Immunomodulators on their own seldom achieve functional cure, hence these agents in combination to assess the optimal combination are being investigated. Consequently, agents leading to functional cure of HBV are ideal for both HBV and HDV.
Ana o 3 sIgE and diagnostic algorithms reduce cost of cashew allergy diagnosis in children compared with skin prick test: A cost comparison analysis
Authors: Brettig Tim , Dalziel Kim , Koplin Jennifer J. , Dang Thanh , Lange Lars , McWilliam Vicki , Sato Sakura , Savvatianos Savvas , Perrett Kirsten P.
Published: August 2022

Background

In the absence of a clear clinical history of reaction, diagnosis of cashew allergy using skin prick tests (SPT) or cashew‐specific IgE requires a high number of oral food challenges (OFC). By using Ana o 3 sIgE alone, or a two‐step diagnostic algorithm using cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 sIgE, there is a reduced need for OFC. We aimed to perform a cost comparison for both of these approaches compared with cashew SPT alone.

Methods

Pooled individual‐level data from 6 studies were used to determine diagnostic accuracy and OFC rate. Two studies used cashew SPT (n = 567, 198 allergic), with 95% positive and negative predictive values of ≥12 mm and <3 mm. Four studies were included in the pathways for Ana o 3 sIgE alone or a 2‐step algorithm incorporating cashew and Ana o 3 sIgE (n = 271, 156 allergic). Cut‐offs used were ≥8.5kUA/L and ≤0.1kUA/L for cashew sIgE and ≥0.35kUA/L and ≤0.1kUA/L for Ana o 3 sIgE. Costs were constructed based on unit prices from hospital inpatient admissions, expenses incurred by families, individual patient data on allergic reaction types and rates, and adrenaline autoinjector carriage, applying a health system perspective.

Results

Modeled data through the Ana o 3 pathway resulted in a 46.43% cost reduction (€307,406/1000 patients) compared with using cashew SPT alone (€573,854/1000 patients). The 2‐step algorithm resulted in a 44.94% cost reduction compared with SPT alone (€315,952.82/1000 patients). Both the Ana o 3 pathway and 2‐step algorithm resulted in a 79%–80% reduction in OFCs compared with SPT.

Conclusions

Using Ana o 3 as a standalone test for cashew allergy diagnosis or a 2‐step algorithm incorporating cashew sIgE and Ana o 3 sIgE is accurate and results in a large reduction in both OFCs and health system costs compared with cashew SPT alone.
Decline in pediatric admission on an isolated island in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fuse Takuya , Ikuse Tatsuki , Aizawa Yuta , Fuse Michiko , Goto Fumihiro , Okazaki Minoru , Iwaya Atsushi , Saitoh Akihiko
Published: August 2022

Background

A decrease in pediatric hospitalizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been reported worldwide; however, few studies have examined areas with a limited number of COVID‐19 cases, where influenced by viral interference by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is minimum.

Methods

We conducted an epidemiological study of pediatric hospitalizations on Sado, an isolated island in Niigata, Japan, that was unique environment with few COVID‐19 cases and reliable pediatric admissions monitoring. We compared numbers of monthly hospitalizations and associated diagnoses for the periods April 2016 to March 2020 (pre‐pandemic period) and April 2020 to March 2021 (pandemic period).

Results

Data were analyzed for 1,144 and 128 patients in the pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively. We observed only three adults and no pediatric COVID‐19 cases during the pandemic period. The number of monthly admissions was significantly lower in the pandemic period (median [interquartile ranges (IQR)]: 11.0 [7.0–14.0]) than in the pre‐pandemic period (23.0 [20.8–28.3]; P < 0.001). Similar decreases were observed for hospitalizations due to respiratory tract infection (P < 0.01), but not for asthma exacerbation (P = 0.15), and gastrointestinal tract infection (P = 0.33).

Conclusions

Pediatric hospitalizations during the pandemic significantly decreased on an isolated Japanese island where COVID‐19 was not endemic and all pediatric admissions were ascertainable. This observation highlights the impact of decreased travel and increased awareness of infection control measures on pediatric hospitalizations due to infectious diseases, not by the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral interference.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis and the rate of blood stream infections and Clostridioides difficile in pediatric stem cell transplantation: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Alrugaib Trad , Alsultan Abdulrahman , Elbashir Enas , Albdah Bayan , Alharbi Musaed , Essa Mohammed F.
Published: August 2022

Background

The use of prophylactic antibiotics in the pre‐engraftment period to minimize the risk of bacteremia is debatable given concerns of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), antibiotics resistance, and disruption of gut microbiota.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the rate and characteristics of bacteremia and C. diff infections within the first 100 days post‐HSCT in all pediatric patients who received routine antibacterial prophylaxis during HSCT from 2015 to 2018. C. diff infection was defined by the presence of three or more unformed stools in 24 h and positive stool test for C. diff or its toxins.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐five (100 allogeneic and 35 autologous) transplants in 123 patients were eligible for analysis. Median age at transplant was 7.1 (range 0.2–13.7), 67 (55%) were women, and diagnosis was malignant condition in 68 patients. Median time to neutrophil engraftment was 18 days (13–23). Cefepime or piperacillin‐tazobactam prophylaxis was used in 105 (78%) and 28 (21%) of patients, respectively. Only five (3%) patients had bacteremia during the pre‐engraftment period, and 13 (11%) patients developed bacteremia postengraftment. Septic shock was present in only one patient pre‐engraftment and was due to gram‐negative bacteria. All patients who developed bacteremia received MAC. Thirteen patients (10%) of patients fulfilled C. diff infection definition. There was no mortality related to bacterial infections among our patients.

Conclusions

The use of antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with low rate of bacteremia in the pre‐engraftment period and a 10% risk of C. diff infections. More studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in HSCT patients.
Pulmonary function testing during SARS‐CoV‐2: An ANZSRS/TSANZ position statement
Authors: Borg Brigitte M. , Osadnik Christian , Adam Keith , Chapman David G. , Farrow Catherine E. , Glavas Vanda , Hancock Kerry , Lanteri Celia J. , Morris Ewan G. , Romeo Nicholas , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. , Selvadurai Hiran
Published: August 2022

The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science (ANZSRS) commissioned a joint position paper on pulmonary function testing during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in July 2021. A working group was formed via an expression of interest to members of both organizations and commenced work in September 2021. A rapid review of the literature was undertaken, with a ‘best evidence synthesis’ approach taken to answer the research questions formed. This allowed the working group to accept findings of prior relevant reviews or societal document where appropriate. The advice provided is for providers of pulmonary function tests across all settings. The advice is intended to supplement local infection prevention and state, territory or national directives. The working group's key messages reflect a precautionary approach to protect the safety of both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in a rapidly changing environment. The decision on strategies employed may vary depending on local transmission and practice environment. The advice is likely to require review as evidence grows and the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves. While this position statement was contextualized specifically to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the working group strongly advocates that any changes to clinical/laboratory practice, made in the interest of optimizing the safety and well‐being of HCWs and patients involved in pulmonary function testing, are carefully considered in light of their potential for ongoing use to reduce transmission of other droplet and/or aerosol borne diseases.
How do I warm HPC(A) products to maximize cell viability in the setting of cold agglutinin disease?
Authors: Krull Ashley , Thompson Thomas , Strasburg Dustin , DiGuardo Margaret , Jacob Eapen K.
Published: August 2022

Background

High titers of cold agglutinins jeopardize the quality of an apheresis product meant for autologous or allogeneic transplant. Management of transplant patients with cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is often experience‐based and under reported, yet decisions must be made quickly to optimize product management and patient outcomes. There remains a lack of data quantifying cell recovery and viability when using various warming methodologies.

Study Design and Methods

To expand the published experimental data on this subject, our human cellular therapy lab compared cellular recoveries and viabilities after manipulation of cryopreserved apheresis products through various warming methodologies: (1) extended warming in a water bath, (2) warming via blood warmer and infusion pump, and (3) warming in a water bath followed by infusion pump as a control to assess potential shear stress effects.

Results

The presented studies demonstrate that all methods of product warming produce the same rates of recovery of total and viable cells across vital cell types prior to patient administration. Statistically, use of an extended water bath protocol provided a marginal benefit in recovery of total nucleated cells, though this effect is diminished when products are held for an extended period to simulate a delay in administration.

Discussion

These results can inform decisions to improve patient care and minimize product manipulation and loss. Centers are encouraged to use this information to guide proactive measures to establish a standard operating procedure to manage CAD cases.
Rifampicin treatment of canine multidrug‐resistant meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal pyoderma: A retrospective study of 51 cases
Authors: Harbour Lydia , Schick Anthea , Mount Rebecca , White Amelia
Published: August 2022

Background

Rifampicin (RFP) is a potential treatment for canine multidrug‐resistant (MDR) meticillin‐resistant staphylococci (MRS), yet the use of lower doses based on recent MIC data has not been evaluated in vivo.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To provide information on the efficacy and safety of low‐dose range RFP (≤6 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of canine MDR MRS pyoderma.

Animals

Fifty‐one client‐owned dogs.

Materials and methods

Retrospective review of dogs medical records. Dogs were from 11 US dermatology referral practices and had oral RFP at ≤6 mg/kg/day. Data evaluated included response to treatment, adverse events, and serum changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Results

Complete resolution of pyoderma occurred in 39 of 51 dogs (76.5%). Topical antimicrobials were used concurrently in most cases (47 of 51; 92.2%). ALP elevation >1.5‐fold of baseline or the high end of the reference range occurred in nine of 37 (24.3%) dogs, while ALT elevation above baseline and the high end of the reference range occurred in two of 36 (5.6%). Only six of 51 (11.8%) had clinical adverse events during treatment; five of six (83.3%) were mild reactions consisting of lethargy and gastrointestinal signs, while one dog had a possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Of those that experienced clinical adverse events, four of six (66.7%) did not have concurrent increased liver enzyme activity, while two of six (33.3%) had elevations in ALP alone.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Low‐dose RFP (≤6 mg/kg/day) appears to be a relatively safe and effective single‐agent systemic antibiotic in combination with topical antimicrobials for canine MDR MRS pyoderma.
Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section
Authors: Adams Daniel J. , Ellerbrock Robyn E. , Wallace Mandy L. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Sutherland Brian J. , Grimes Janet A.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To compare neonatal survival to discharge rates between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section (c‐section) and identify risk factors for neonatal mortality.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Animals or sample population

A total of 480 puppies from 90 bitches undergoing 106 c‐sections.

Methods

Medical records of c‐sections performed between January 2012 and September 2021 were reviewed. Data collected included brachycephalic versus nonbrachycephalic breed, elective versus emergency c‐section, litter size (c‐section and total [including those born prior to and via c‐section]), and neonatal survival to discharge. A generalized linear mixed model (univariable and multivariable) was performed to evaluate variables versus neonatal survival.

Results

Overall neonatal survival to discharge was 93.1% (447/480); survival was similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds (p = .221, 202/213 [94.8%] brachycephalic survival, 245/267 [91.8%] nonbrachycephalic survival). Puppies delivered via elective c‐section were more likely to survive compared to emergency c‐section (p < .001, 238/240 [99.2%] elective survival, 209/240 [87.1%] emergency survival). Puppies delivered in larger c‐section litters were more likely to survive (p < .004) compared to smaller litters. Total litter size had no effect on survival.

Conclusion

Brachycephalism had no effect on neonatal survival. Puppies delivered via elective c‐section were more likely to survive compared to puppies delivered via emergency c‐section.

Clinical significance

Outcomes following c‐section are similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds. While it is preferable to encourage selective breeding for bitches that are able to whelp naturally, elective c‐section should be considered in bitches at high risk for dystocia to maximize neonatal survival.
Modern concepts and biomarkers of blood stasis in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases from the perspectives of Eastern and Western medicine: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Park Miso S. , Kim Jihye , Kim Keun Ho , Yoo Ho-Ryong , Chae Incheol , Lee Juho , Joo In Hwan , Kim Dong Hee
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to provide a modern definition and identify potential biomarkers of blood stasis in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases by mapping, comparing, and combining Eastern and Western concepts.

Introduction:

Blood stasis is a pathological concept found in both Eastern and Western medical literature. In traditional East Asian medicine, blood stasis is a differential syndrome characterized by stagnant blood flow in various parts of the body. Similarly, in Western medicine, various diseases, especially cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, are known to be accompanied by blood stasis. Numerous scientific studies on blood stasis have been conducted over the last decade, and there is a need to synthesize those results.

Inclusion criteria:

We will use the keywords “blood stasis,” “blood stagnation,” “blood stagnant,” and “blood congestion” in 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar. In addition, we will use the keywords “어혈” and “혈어” in 4 Korean electronic databases (ie, NDSL, OASIS, KISS, and DBpia). Peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 to the present that focus on blood stasis in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases in human subjects according to the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision categories BA00-BE2Z, 8B00-8B2Z, 8E64, and 8E65 will be included. Reviews, opinion articles, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico preclinical studies will be excluded.

Methods:

We will follow the frameworks by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. as well as JBI guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Two reviewers will independently search and screen titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening of eligible studies. If there are discrepancies between the 2 reviewers, a third reviewer will be consulted to make the final decision. We will use descriptive narrative, tabular, and graphical displays, and content analysis to present the results.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/gv4ym
Características de la arquitectura vernácula en zonas altoandinas de Perú. Una contribución al estudio del mundo rural
Authors: Chui Betancur Heber Nehemias , Huaquisto Ramos Edilberto , Belizario Quispe Germán , Canales Gutiérrez Ángel , Calatayud Mendoza Alfredo Pelayo
Published: August 2022

La arquitectura vernácula de las zonas alto andinas de Perú es una inspiración para las innovaciones en el diseño, la armonía con el ambiente y las soluciones climáticas y ambientales previstas dentro del diseño sostenible. El artículo caracteriza la conductividad térmica, la organización espacial, las creencias y costumbres ancestrales que reflejan las identidades económicas, sociales, ideológicas y psicológicas impresas en el paisaje de las viviendas vernáculas rurales del municipio de Atuncolla en Puno, Perú. Se realizan mediciones de la distribución del espacio físico y la caracterización de materiales de construcción, así como de la orientación y ubicación de viviendas, y en laboratorio se determina la conductividad térmica del adobe. Se considera arquitectura verde, dado que los materiales de construcción son elaborados principalmente con recursos propios como el adobe, cuya conductividad térmica es de 0,20175 ± 0,00645, los cuales son de bajo consumo energético (energía cero), amigables con el medio ambiente y libres de gases de efecto invernadero.
Habitabilidad del espacio público en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Páramo Pablo , Burbano Andrea
Published: August 2022

Este artículo recoge los resultados de un estudio descriptivo sobre la valoración que hacen habitantes de Bogotá sobre un conjunto de condiciones que caracterizan la habitabilidad del espacio público, a partir de la importancia que se les atribuye y del nivel de satisfacción con cada una de ellas. Participaron 212 personas, que valoraron, en un cuestionario ad hoc, la importancia y satisfacción con 47 condiciones asociadas a la habitabilidad del espacio público y a la habitabilidad general. En su mayoría, las condiciones se valoraron negativamente, aunque las consideran importantes. Dentro de las valoradas positivamente sobresalen actividades culturales, recreativas, deportivas y la posibilidad de transportarse en bicicleta al trabajo, estudio o recreación. Los resultados se discuten a partir de la relación entre la satisfacción y la importancia, dadas las distintas condiciones que hacen habitable el espacio público y sus implicaciones para la gestión urbana.
Hábitat e infancias, derechos pendientes e inequidades en Latinoamérica
Authors: Tuñon Ianina , Aguado Quintero Luis Fernando , Vera Cossío Horacio , Osorio Mejía Ana María
Published: August 2022

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de 2015 establecen como meta al 2030 “asegurar el acceso de todas las personas a viviendas y servicios básicos adecuados, seguros y asequibles y mejorar los barrios marginales”, además de “garantizar la disponibilidad de agua y su gestión sostenible y el saneamiento para todos”.

Se propone reflexionar y construir evidencia longitudinal para diferentes países de Latinoamérica en torno a la particular vulnerabilidad de las infancias a las condiciones deficitarias de su medio ambiente. Para la construcción de los datos se utilizan las encuestas de hogares de los países miembros de la Red Odsal: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Brasil, Chile, Perú y México, en los periodos de tiempo 2002-03, 2010-11 y 2017.

El hábitat de vida tóxico, el medioambiente insalubre y el hacinamiento aumentan la propensión de algunas infancias a padecer enfermedades crónicas tempranamente, representando un obstáculo para la formación educativa y el desarrollo de las capacidades de sociabilidad
Planificación urbana: evaluación multicriterio para nuevas localizaciones de centros de salud en Santa Fe
Authors: Cardoso María Mercedes , Carñel Griselda Elena
Published: August 2022

La disponibilidad de información espacial concreta es clave en la toma de decisiones dentro de la práctica de la planificación territorial. Es por ello que, ante la evidencia de desigualdades en el acceso a servicios públicos asistenciales, como la salud, para la población del distrito Santa Fe, se plantea la utilización de técnicas de evaluación multicriterio y de sistemas de información geográfica en la identificación de áreas con aptitud para alojar nuevos equipamientos. Los criterios construidos se justifican en la particular situación del área de estudio: territorio de elevado riesgo hídrico, considerable porcentaje de población con necesidades básicas no cubiertas, límites de accesibilidad física a los centros por medio de transporte público, más a un sistema de salud pública que, en su mayoría, brinda atención primaria (sin internación). Los resultados muestran que las áreas con aptitud, según los cuatro criterios, se disponen, principalmente, al norte del distrito
Estudiantes de clase baja en universidades de élite chilenas. Angustia, sacrificio y renuncia
Authors: Villalobos Cristóbal , Quaresma María Luisa , Roa-Infante Javiera
Published: August 2022

El artículo busca entender cómo los estudiantes de clases bajas y medias-bajas viven subjetivamente su ingreso y estadía en ocho instituciones universitarias de élite en Chile. Utilizando la metodología de retratos sociológicos, los resultados muestran que, si bien estos jóvenes perciben su ingreso a la universidad de élite como un logro, a su vez, enfrentan una fuerte presión de sus familias, una constante angustia por la desadaptación social con la que conviven en el espacio universitario de élite, además de la dedicación que tienen que tener hacia el estudio y, por tanto, la renuncia a actividades y sociabilidades juveniles.
Estilos y paradigmas evaluativos en docentes de educación escolar
Authors: Ríos-Muñoz Daniel , Herrera-Araya David , Salinas-Fritz Paulina
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo establecer los estilos evaluativos y describir sus características con respecto a los paradigmas de evaluación en docentes escolares de Santiago de Chile, Chile. La investigación utilizó un enfoque mixto. Se aplicaron un cuestionario y una entrevista grupal, según el modelo de estilos evaluadores de 54 docentes de tres escuelas. Los resultados señalan que los docentes combinan estilos evaluativos analítico-formalista y tolerante-orientador, lo cual se relaciona con una integración de paradigma positivista y naturalista de evaluación. En conclusión, los hallazgos señalan tensiones en los docentes para enfrentar las exigencias estandarizadas con las perspectivas auténticas de evaluación.
Dysprosium liquid metal alloy ion source for magnetic nanostructures
Authors: Bischoff Lothar , Klingner Nico , Mazarov Paul , Lenz Kilian , Narkowicz Ryszard , Pilz Wolfgang , Meyer Fabian
Published: August 2022

Focused ion beam (FIB) processing has been established as a well-suited and promising technique in R&D in nearly all fields of nanotechnology for patterning and prototyping on the micrometer scale and below. Liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAISs) represent an alternative to expand FIB application fields beyond all other source concepts. In particular, ions from the rare earth (RE) element Dy are very interesting for local modification of magnetic properties like RE-induced damping in metallic alloys. In this article, various alloys for source preparation were investigated. A promising solution was found in a Cu30Dy70 based LMAIS, which will be introduced in more detail.
Molecular dynamics simulation of Si trench etching with SiO2 hard masks
Authors: Mauchamp Nicolas A. , Hamaguchi Satoshi
Published: August 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to demonstrate nanometer-scale silicon (Si) trench etching with silicon dioxide (SiO2) hard masks by chlorine (Cl+) ion beams possibly with low-energy chlorine (Cl) radicals. Although the sputtering yield of SiO2 is typically much lower than that of Si, the etch rates of SiO2 and Si can be comparable because of the lower Si atomic density of SiO2. This implies that the erosion of the mask can significantly affect etched structures. This study has demonstrated that although the fluxes of incident ions and radicals are uniform in space and constant in time, the individuality of incident ions and radicals causes atomic-scale surface roughness, which cannot be neglected for nanometer-scale etched structures. Furthermore, some transient effects of surface etching, such as initial swelling of the Si surface due to incorporation of Cl atoms and preferential sputtering of oxygen, can affect the profiles of etched structures. The insufficiency of the local mechanical strengths of nanometer-scale materials also enhances their erosion, leading to the formation of nanometer-scale roughness on the sidewalls of masks and etched structures.
Biogenesis of
C. elegans
spermatogenesis small RNAs is initiated by a zc3h12a-like ribonuclease
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Yue , Cheng Hsian-Tang , Tsai Yi-Ting
Published: August 2022

Small RNAs regulate spermatogenesis across species ranging from
Caenorhabditis elegans
to humans. In
C. elegans
, two Argonaute proteins, ALG-3 and ALG-4, and their associated
alg-3/4
26G-small RNAs are essential for spermiogenesis at 25°C. The
alg-3/4
26G-small RNAs are antisense to their target mRNAs and produced by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RRF-3. However, it remains unclear how the RNA templates for RRF-3 are generated and which cellular processes are affected by
alg-3/4
26G-small RNAs. Here, we demonstrate a previously unidentified zc3h12a-like ribonuclease protein, NYN-3, in
alg-3/4
26G-small RNAs biogenesis. NYN-3 is not only required for proper abundance of
alg-3/4
26G-small RNAs but also crosslinked to their targeted mRNAs before RRF-3 from ePAR-CLIP-seq. Bioinformatics analysis was then used to parse the 26G-small RNA-targeted genes into functional subclasses. Collectively, these findings implicate NYN-3 as an initiator of
alg-3/4
26G-small RNA generation.
Using satellites to uncover large methane emissions from landfills
Authors: Maasakkers Joannes D. , Varon Daniel J. , Elfarsdóttir Aldís , McKeever Jason , Jervis Dylan , Mahapatra Gourav , Pandey Sudhanshu , Lorente Alba , Borsdorff Tobias , Foorthuis Lodewijck R. , Schuit Berend J. , Tol Paul , van Kempen Tim A. , van Hees Richard , Aben Ilse
Published: August 2022

As atmospheric methane concentrations increase at record pace, it is critical to identify individual emission sources with high potential for mitigation. Here, we leverage the synergy between satellite instruments with different spatiotemporal coverage and resolution to detect and quantify emissions from individual landfills. We use the global surveying Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to identify large emission hot spots and then zoom in with high-resolution target-mode observations from the GHGSat instrument suite to identify the responsible facilities and characterize their emissions. Using this approach, we detect and analyze strongly emitting landfills (3 to 29 t hour
−1
) in Buenos Aires, Delhi, Lahore, and Mumbai. Using TROPOMI data in an inversion, we find that city-level emissions are 1.4 to 2.6 times larger than reported in commonly used emission inventories and that the landfills contribute 6 to 50% of those emissions. Our work demonstrates how complementary satellites enable global detection, identification, and monitoring of methane superemitters at the facility level.
Electronic landscape of the
f
-electron intermetallics with the ThCr
2
Si
2
structure
Authors: Lai You , Chan Julia Y. , Baumbach Ryan E.
Published: August 2022

Although strongly correlated
f
-electron systems are well known as reservoirs for quantum phenomena, a persistent challenge is to design specific states. What is often missing are simple ways to determine whether a given compound can be expected to exhibit certain behaviors and what tuning vector(s) would be useful to select the ground state. In this review, we address this question by aggregating information about Ce, Eu, Yb, and U compounds with the ThCr
2
Si
2
structure. We construct electronic/magnetic state maps that are parameterized in terms of unit cell volumes and
d
-shell filling, which reveals useful trends including that (i) the magnetic and nonmagnetic examples are well separated, and (ii) the crossover regions harbor the examples with exotic states. These insights are used to propose structural/chemical regions of interest in these and related materials, with the goal of accelerating discovery of the next generation of
f
-electron quantum materials.
Highly multiplexed, label-free proteoform imaging of tissues by individual ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Su Pei , McGee John P. , Durbin Kenneth R. , Hollas Michael A. R. , Yang Manxi , Neumann Elizabeth K. , Allen Jamie L. , Drown Bryon S. , Butun Fatma Ayaloglu , Greer Joseph B. , Early Bryan P. , Fellers Ryan T. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. , Laskin Julia , Camarillo Jeannie M. , Kafader Jared O. , Kelleher Neil L.
Published: August 2022

Imaging of proteoforms in human tissues is hindered by low molecular specificity and limited proteome coverage. Here, we introduce proteoform imaging mass spectrometry (PiMS), which increases the size limit for proteoform detection and identification by fourfold compared to reported methods and reveals tissue localization of proteoforms at <80-μm spatial resolution. PiMS advances proteoform imaging by combining ambient nanospray desorption electrospray ionization with ion detection using individual ion mass spectrometry. We demonstrate highly multiplexed proteoform imaging of human kidney, annotating 169 of 400 proteoforms of <70 kDa using top-down MS and a database lookup of ~1000 kidney candidate proteoforms, including dozens of key enzymes in primary metabolism. PiMS images reveal distinct spatial localizations of proteoforms to both anatomical structures and cellular neighborhoods in the vasculature, medulla, and cortex regions of the human kidney. The benefits of PiMS are poised to increase proteome coverage for label-free protein imaging of tissues.
The Akt Forkhead Box O Transcription Factor Axis Regulates Human Cytomegalovirus Replication
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Domma Anthony J. , Goodrum Felicia D. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Kamil Jeremy P.
Published: August 2022

Evidence from diverse herpesvirus infection models suggests that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway suppresses reactivation from latency and that inactivation of the pathway stimulates viral lytic replication. Here, we show that Akt accumulates in an inactive state during HCMV infection of lytically permissive cells while the presence of constitutive Akt activity causes substantial viral replication defects.
Supplemental Material: Osmium isotopes fingerprint mantle controls on the genesis of an epithermal gold province
Authors: Tassara Santiago , al. et
Published: August 2022

Methods, Figure S1, and Table S1.  