bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexural Behavior of Innovative Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite Beams Reinforced with Gypsum-Based Composites
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Su Bo , Zhang Tianyu
Published: November 2024

Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite (GFRP) has found widespread use in engineering structures due to its lightweight construction, high strength, and design flexibility. However, pure GFRP beams exhibit weaknesses in terms of stiffness, stability, and local compressive strength, which compromise their bending properties. In addressing these limitations, this study introduces innovative square GFRP beams infused with gypsum-based composites (GBIGCs). Comprehensive experiments and theoretical analyses have been conducted to explore their manufacturing process and bending characteristics. Initially, four types of GBIGC—namely, hollow GFRP beams, pure gypsum, steel-reinforced gypsum, and fiber-mixed gypsum-infused beams—were designed and fabricated for comparative analysis. Material tests were conducted to assess the coagulation characteristics of gypsum and its mechanical performance influenced by polyvinyl acetate fibers (PVAs). Subsequently, eight GFRP square beams (length: 1.5 m, section size: 150 mm × 150 mm) infused with different gypsum-based composites underwent four-point bending tests to determine their ultimate bending capacity and deflection patterns. The findings revealed that a 0.12% dosage of protein retarder effectively extends the coagulation time of gypsum, making it suitable for specimen preparation, with initial and final setting times of 113 min and 135 min, respectively. The ultimate bending load of PVA-mixed gypsum-infused GFRP beams is 203.84% higher than that of hollow beams, followed by pure gypsum and steel-reinforced gypsum, with increased values of 136.97% and 186.91%, respectively. The ultimate load values from the theoretical and experimental results showed good agreement, with an error within 7.68%. These three types of GBIGCs with significantly enhanced flexural performance can be filled with different materials to meet specific load-bearing requirements for various scenarios. Their improved flexural strength and lightweight characteristics make GBIGCs well suited for applications such as repairing roof beams, light prefabricated frames, coastal and offshore buildings.
The Influence of Matrix Resin Toughening on the Compressive Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Ouyang Xinfeng , Wang Xiao , Chen Qiufei , Ge Guojie , Liu Dong , Lin Kang , Liu Yunpeng , Zong Yangyang , Duan Shuo , Niu Kangmin
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the effects of a toughening agent and micron-sized toughening particles (TP) on the resin and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, with a particular focus on compressive strength. The results showed that the addition of the toughening agent improved the overall mechanical properties of both the resin and CFRP but had a minor effect on the residual compressive strength (CAI) of CFRP after impact. Compared to the pure toughening agent, the addition of TP increased the CAI, GIC, and GIIC of CFRP by 74%, 35%, and 68%, respectively. The SEM, ultrasonic C-scan, and metallographic microscopy were used to analyze the failure morphology and TP distribution. Compared to pure toughening agent modification, the introduction of TP led to the formation of continuous toughening particle layers, which reduced the compression damage area by 61%, significantly balancing and absorbing the load. This modification also resulted in typical kink band damage. This study found that resin toughening significantly improved the compressive strength of CFRP, while micron-sized toughening particles, in the form of toughening layers, notably improved the CAI. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the compression and impact resistance of CFRP.
The Merchant Scene in Medieval Conceptions of the Visitatio Sepulchri: Origins and Transmission
Authors: Peláez Bilbao Patricia , Tello Ruiz-Pérez Arturo
Published: November 2024

This article aims to elucidate the origin of the merchant scene within the Easter drama, which can, by extension, be interpreted as representative of the entire Visitatio Sepulchri. Given that the troper-proser Vic 105 is the oldest attestation of the scene, we have used this manuscript as our starting point. Through a critical edition of the first nine stanzas of the drama, we propose a multidisciplinary working hypothesis that combines tools from reception history and cultural transfers studies with more traditional methods of stemmatics. As part of an ongoing project, we present two types of results: those that are well-supported by strong evidence, and others in the form of plausible hypotheses, awaiting further data to be substantiated.
Enhancing Human Resource Quality in Lombok Model Schools: A Culture-Based Leadership Approach with Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq Principles
Authors: Sugiarti Tanti , Purba John Tampil , Pramono Rudy
Published: November 2024

This research explores the role of culture-based leadership in enhancing the quality of human resources in Sekolah Penggerak (model schools) in North Lombok, Indonesia. The study specifically focuses on the cultural wisdom of Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq (3T) inherent to the Sasak community and its integration into the leadership practices of elementary school principals. Employing a qualitative multi-case study approach, the research investigated how 3T influenced the leadership styles and effectiveness of principals in five selected elementary model schools. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and societal outcomes. The research underscores the importance of local cultural values in shaping effective leadership and promoting sustainable educational development. The study contributes to the literature on educational leadership by presenting a new model of leadership that integrates local cultural wisdom. This model can serve as a valuable reference for other regions in Indonesia and similar cultural contexts. The implications suggest that educational leadership development programs should incorporate local cultural values to address contextual challenges and improve the quality of education holistically.
Mapping Australian Culture and Society in the Animated Series Bluey—The Use of Audiovisual Material in Early EFL Learning
Authors: Arigita-García Amaya , Mañoso-Pacheco Lidia , Estrada-Chichón José Luis , Sánchez-Cabrero Roberto
Published: November 2024

Bluey stands as the current pinnacle in children’s television series, lauded and adorned with multiple accolades for its educational and social merits. It stands out for its portrayal of childhood social learning within familial settings, offering a realistic depiction of everyday challenges. In addition, Bluey is based on the everyday life of Australian society, clearly reflecting the country’s customs, social values, and natural environments, making it an invaluable resource for enriching the cultural learning of the English language and culture from an Australian point of view, an issue that is rarely addressed in the specialist literature. Thus, this study seeks to identify the cultural and societal facets of Australia depicted in it, with the aim of assessing its pedagogical value in teaching English to non-native learners within the context of primary education. Thirty evaluators analyzed the 52 episodes of the first season of Bluey, endeavoring to identify elements across nine thematic areas. To mitigate variances among evaluators, elements were verified only if agreement was reached by at least three evaluators. In total, evaluators identified 3327 elements representing Australian culture, comprising these categories: (1) Childhood; (2) Devices; (3) Lifestyles; (4) Food; (5) Language; (6) Sports; (7) Animals; (8) Nature; and (9) Places. A total of 1223 elements received verification by the requisite number of evaluators. The resulting catalog of Australia-specific elements per episode serves as a valuable tool in selecting the most instructive episodes for English-language and Australian cultural education for non-natives. This compilation facilitates a nuanced approach to teaching English, rooted in the diverse and culturally rich Australian context, thus breaking away from strictly British and American cultural associations and embracing a broader linguistic and cultural landscape.
Assessing the Climate Induced Livelihood Vulnerability of Coastal People Using Sustainable Livelihood Framework: A Study in South-Central Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Belal Mohammad Esa Ibn , Hossen M. Anwar , Tabassum Nazia Hassan , Mehzabin Jannatul , Mumu Mst. Nazia Sultana , Islam Md. Tafhimul , Begum Salma
Published: November 2024

Climate change has become a major global concern, and it has severe consequences for all communities. Coastal areas of Bangladesh are vulnerable to climate change because of their geophysical condition and geographical position. Although climate change affects people’s sustainable livelihood strategies in coastal regions of Bangladesh, it has gained limited attention in academic discourse. This study, hence, aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on the sustainable livelihood strategies of coastal people. Utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed research approach, including stakeholders’ consultations, household surveys, in-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs), the study was carried out in Char Kukrumukri union in Bhola District, one of the climate-vulnerable areas of the country. Our study findings revealed that climate change primarily affects natural and physical capital, which in turn impacts financial, human, social, and political capital, and in the end, creates different forms of vulnerabilities. The study also explored a significant association between increasing waterlogging areas and reducing arable lands (X2 = 38.02; p < 0.001), and the reduction in fresh water sources and damages in agricultural production (X2 = 80; p < 0.001). The study further highlighted that the government efforts, such as polderization, aimed at preventing salinity in coastal areas, have failed due to the lack of integration with the representation of local people. The lack of integration between the local community’s voices and government actions poses additional challenges to maintaining people’s sustainable livelihood strategies. Thus, the study suggests a successful integration of localized practices and government interventions to address the climate-induced livelihood challenges to coastal people.
Levels of Stress in Volleyball Referees During Official Matches—The Influence of the Referee Role and Level of Competition
Authors: Nikolovski Zoran , Vrdoljak Dario , Foretić Nikola , Perić Mia , Pavlinović Vladimir , Perić Ratko , Karanović Vuk
Published: November 2024

Volleyball referees, as athletes and staff members, are exposed to different stress levels which can be determined by measuring pre- and post-match levels of salivary cortisol (C) and alpha-amylase (AA). This study aimed to determine the dynamics of stress biomarkers in referees during official volleyball matches and the connection to the roles or level of competition. The participants in this study were nine international volleyball referees (three females and six males) with a mean chronological age of 48.23 ± 2.31 years. In this study, saliva samples were collected during 24 official matches during the European championship for senior women’s teams (Eurovolley 2021). The AA activity and C concentrations were determined from saliva samples. When the referees’ roles were assessed in line with their duties, the first referees’ salivary C levels showed a significant increase between the pre- and post-match measurements (p = 0.01), while in the second referees remained low. The reserve and challenge referees demonstrated a significant drop in their C concentrations (p = 0.00 and p = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, when assessing AA which accounts for the responsibilities of referees and the intensity of competition, the first (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07) and second referees (p = 0.01 and p = 0.00) showed an increase between the pre- and post-match measurements, respectively. At the same time, the AA activity did not show any significant change concerning the reserve and challenge referees. Our results indicate that referees’ roles and the level of competition may cause higher responses in “active referee roles”—mainly the first and second referees—while reserve and challenge referees showed no increase or even a decrease in the measured biomarkers. The observed changes in the stress markers can be explained by psychological or emotional effects and are dependent on the level of competition and the role referees are fulfilling.
Visceral Fat Affects Heart Rate Recovery but Not the Heart Rate Response Post-Single Bout of Vigorous Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Study in Non-Obese and Healthy Participants
Authors: Amato Alessandra , Petrigna Luca , Sortino Martina , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Body composition could influence exercise physiology. However, no one has ever studied the effect of visceral fat (VF) on heart rate (HR) trends during and after exercise by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). This study aims to investigate BIA variables as predictors of HR trends during vigorous exercise. Ninety-six participants (age 22.5 ± 4.8 years) were included in the data analysis. After performing BIA, the HR was recorded at three time points: baseline HR (BHR), peak HR (PHR) at the end of vigorous exercise, and resting HR (RHR) 1 min after the end of the exercise. After BHR, a 30 s squat jump test was performed. Linear regression analysis showed the body fat percentage and VF as a predictor of HR recovery post-exercise (p < 0.01). However, body weight has no association with HR recovery (p > 0.05). On the other hand, BIA variables were not associated with the variation of HR from the baseline to the end of the exercise. The results show that higher VF is associated with a slower HR recovery. To schedule a training program, it would be safer to monitor visceral fat before prescribing recovery time.
Natural Fibers in Composite Materials for Sustainable Building: A State-of-the-Art Review on Treated Hemp Fibers and Hurds in Mortars
Authors: Siouta Louiza , Apostolopoulou Maria , Bakolas Asterios
Published: November 2024

In recent years, natural-fiber composite building materials have experienced a revival and have become an important area of interest for the international building and scientific community as a sustainable solution for new constructions and restoration interventions. Natural fibers are obtained from renewable sources and are thus environmentally friendly, while at the same time they do not harm human health, as they do not contain toxic substances. Furthermore, natural reinforced composites present enhanced thermal and acoustic properties. However, the variety of components, the presence of hydroxyl groups, and the surface impurities which plant fibers possess, create a series of issues related to the design of composite materials, as they affect their final properties. Aiming to optimize the physical and chemical characteristics of fibers, several treatments have been applied. International research focuses mainly on hemp fibers, which are considered particularly durable and have thus been extensively studied. This literature review discusses the properties of hemp fibers and hurds, treatments which have been applied up to today, and their effect on the fiber and hurds, as well as the composite materials and discusses future trends. Mortars reinforced with treated hemp present mechanical benefits in most of the cases, such as higher flexural and tensile strength. Also, the improved adhesion between hemp and mortar matrices is commonly accepted by researchers.
A Critical Analysis of the Dynamics of Stakeholders for Bioeconomy Innovation: The Case of Caldas, Colombia
Authors: González Escobar Carlos Humberto , Granobles Torres Juan Carlos , Villa Rodríguez Abel Osvaldo
Published: November 2024

Stakeholders and their dynamics are often neglected in innovation system literature. The importance of the bioeconomy is growing due to its implications for addressing environmental challenges, shaping economic decisions, markets, and sustainable development. This paper analyses stakeholders’ dynamics for knowledge creation and innovation to transit from unsustainable practices to the sustainable use of biological resources—the bioeconomy. The originality of this paper is the creation of an analytical framework to characterise the interactions of stakeholders and how these interactions reshape innovation systems to create a new narrative and knowledge-base platform for innovation. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through surveys between 2022 and 2024. We explored the dynamics of 29 stakeholders involved and collaborating in R&D activities from the biotechnology sector in Caldas, Colombia. Our findings show that dynamics towards the bioeconomy are occurring only at the discursive level. Stakeholders carry out research activities to generate income rather than for innovative purposes, overlooking informal interactions that create novel ideas that could translate into solutions, services, and products. We conclude that the bioeconomy transition needs a systemic disequilibrium with a new institutional infrastructure that enables stakeholders, including civil society, to create a structural change for embracing innovation dynamics.
The Use of Augmented Reality-Supported Activities in Environmental Education for Early Childhood: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Şimşek Emine Ela
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to examine the comprehension performance difference between children who participated in an augmented reality-based environmental education activity and those who participated in an activity based on coloring pages. The study involved 94 participants, including 47 in the experimental group and 47 in the control group. The researcher-developed Life Cycle Test, consisting of 9 open-ended questions on the water cycle, plant life cycle, and food chain, was used for data collection. In the first phase, children in both groups were asked questions from the Life Cycle Test, and their responses were recorded. Both groups then participated in a coloring activity, with the control group receiving explanations from the teacher about their colored pages and being asked the test questions. In contrast, the experimental group received explanations about using augmented reality applications and 3D visuals before answering the test questions. The pre-test data showed no significant difference in Life Cycle Test scores between the two groups. However, post-test results revealed that the augmented reality intervention better supported children’s understanding than the explanations based on coloring pages. The study’s findings suggest that augmented reality applications can be a powerful tool for enhancing children’s understanding of environmental concepts in early childhood education.
City-Level Integrated Traffic Management with User Preferences Under Connected Environment
Authors: Yang Hao , Oguchi Kentaro
Published: November 2024

In transportation systems, road users have diverse preferences when planning their trips and responding to traffic conditions in a large city. Connected vehicles can capture the preferences of individual users for trip planning, leading to improved road performance. However, managing a large number of connected vehicles with differing user preferences in a large city is a daunting task. This paper develops an integrated traffic management system with the consideration of user preferences to optimize the performance of each user. In the system, connected vehicles are introduced to estimate traffic conditions and costs associated with different user preferences. The system will utilize the information to search for multi-layer vehicle control instructions that account for user preferences in mobility, energy consumption, and driving comfort. Microscopic simulations were carried out to assess the system’s efficacy in mitigating road congestion, reducing fuel consumption, and restricting turns. The results reveal that implementing the system can reduce vehicle delay by up to 32%, fuel consumption by 4%, and left and right turns by 24%. Additionally, the paper evaluates the impact of market shares of connected vehicles with different preferences to analyze their performance at different stages of connected vehicle development. The work can contribute to the development of advanced transportation services in future cities and enhance urban mobility and energy sustainability.
Digital Tourism and Smart Development: State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Wu Wenshuai , Xu Chang , Zhao Meng , Li Xiuping , Law Rob
Published: November 2024

The intersection between digital technologies and tourism emerges as a prominent area of research within the tourism industry. This is primarily driven by the immense complexity of digital tourism itself as a multifaceted social, economic, and cultural phenomenon. This paper reveals the future implications of tourism in the context of digital intelligence. To gain insights into the latest applications of digital tourism, this work reviews 278 studies spanning from 2012 to 2024. A systematic literature analysis method is proposed to identify the research hotspots and trends. Through value co-creation theory and Schumpeter’s innovation theory, five key trajectories are suggested, as follows: in-depth application of digital technologies in tourism, spawning new scenarios, new forms and new modes of digital tourism, and deep integration of digital economy and tourism real economy. This state-of-the-art review will help to reflect the efforts towards promoting the smart development of digital technologies in tourism.
Assessing Seismic Vulnerability Methods for RC-Frame Buildings Pre- and Post-Earthquake
Authors: Samuel Mabor Achol , Xiong Ergang , Haris Mahmood , Lekeufack Beco Chenadaire , Xie Yupeng , Han Yufei
Published: November 2024

The seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings has been an important issue, especially in earthquake-prone regions with limited seismic design codes such as South Sudan. Improving the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings is critical for maintaining structural functionality under normal service loads and for rapid recovery after natural disasters such as earthquakes. This research aims to thoroughly assess the methods used to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of RC frame structures in pre- and post-earthquake scenarios. The primary objective is to provide a comprehensive framework that integrates empirical, analytical, and experimental methods, categorizing existing assessment methods and proposing improvements for resource-constrained environments. However, empirical methods have always used historical earthquake data to estimate potential damage. In contrast, analytical methods have used computational tools such as fragility curves to assess the probability of damage at different seismic intensities. Additionally, experimental methods, such as shaking table tests and pseudo-dynamic analyses, have validated theoretical predictions and provided insights into structural behavior under simulated conditions. Furthermore, key findings highlight critical vulnerabilities in RC buildings, quantify damage probabilities, and compare the strengths and limitations of different assessment methods. However, challenges such as limited data availability, computational limitations, and difficulties replicating actual conditions in test setups highlight areas for improvement. By addressing these challenges, the review provides recommendations for future studies, including integrating advanced computational and regional hazard characterization methods, improving experimental methods to enhance the accuracy of vulnerability assessments, and ultimately supporting the design of more resilient RC structures and increasing disaster preparedness.
High Desertification Susceptibility in Forest Ecosystems Revealed by the Environmental Sensitivity Area Index (ESAI)
Authors: Gül Ebru , Esen Serhat
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the desertification vulnerability of an Anatolian black pine forest in Türkiye using the Environmental Sensitivity Area Index (ESAI). Desertification Risk (DR) and ESAI values were calculated for 90 sampling plots, incorporating key indicators such as vegetation cover, soil depth, rock fragment presence, soil texture, slope gradient, parent material, mean annual precipitation, aridity index, land use intensity, and policy enforcement. These indicators were processed through the Desertification Indicator System for Mediterranean Europe (DIS4ME). Spatial patterns of DR and ESAI were analysed using semivariograms and Kriging-interpolated maps. The mean DR (4.850; range = 2.310–8.090) and ESAI (1.46; range = 1.390–1.580) values indicated significant vulnerability to desertification. DR showed moderate spatial dependence, while ESAI exhibited strong spatial dependence. Ordinary kriging maps revealed critical desertification hotspots within the forest. ESAI values varied with soil organic matter (SOM) content, which was moderately and significantly correlated with ESAI (n = 90, r = −0.58, p < 0.01). These findings provide actionable insights for sustainable land management. Interventions such as improving SOM content through afforestation, enhancing soil conservation practices, and promoting sustainable water use are critical to mitigating desertification and fostering ecosystem resilience. This study identifies high-risk areas and demonstrates how DR and ESAI can guide targeted strategies to restore degraded lands and ensure forest sustainability. This aligns with SDG 15 (Life on Land), which emphasizes the need to combat desertification, restore degraded ecosystems, and promote the sustainable management of forests. Integrating ESAI into regional policy planning highlights its potential as a practical tool for achieving long-term environmental and socioeconomic sustainability in vulnerable forest ecosystems like those in Türkiye.
Research on Users’ Willingness to Use the Urban Subway Wayfinding Signage System Based on the DeLone & McLean Model Theory: A Case Study of Wuxi Subway
Authors: Wang Kun , Shen Chuhao , Li Mingxin , Li Jianing
Published: November 2024

This study, which is grounded in the information systems success model (D&M model) proposed by Delone and Mclean, investigates user satisfaction and the intention to continue using the urban subway signage system; Wuxi subway is taken as a case study. Through a questionnaire survey, the research integrates elements from the D&M theory, such as information quality, system quality, service quality, user satisfaction, and intention to use. The data were collected using a combination of online and offline survey methods and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. The findings reveal that system quality serves as a crucial driver of user satisfaction, while service quality exerts the most significant influence on users’ intention to use. Additionally, information quality is equally important. The optimization suggestions encompass the need to ensure the relevance, completeness, timeliness, and accuracy of information; enhance the usability and reliability of the system; and bolster the responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles of the service. These discoveries provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for optimizing the signage systems of Wuxi subway and other urban public transportation systems, with the aim of elevating passengers’ intention to use and their satisfaction.
Influence of Social Context and Gender Gap Awareness on Women’s Mobility on Public Transportation
Authors: Martínez-Díaz Margarita , Badia Nàtalia
Published: November 2024

A gender gap in mobility, although with different levels, exists everywhere. Several factors are linked to this gap, such as females’ daily schedules and duties, economic aspects, or preferences. Women’s personal risk perception and its counterpart, i.e., actual (in)security in the transportation system, are related aspects as well. This research focuses on these last factors and adds a novel perspective: the influence of the social context and its awareness of the gender gap. To this end, a twofold methodological approach was applied to the cities of Barcelona and Budapest. It included the comprehensive evaluation of local policies aimed at closing gender gap in mobility as well as the distribution and analysis of an ad hoc developed survey. The main research findings indicate that harassment on public transportation is associated with general societal gender dynamics and behaviors. Actions taken by local administrations in the pursuit of gender equality in mobility become effective in the medium term, leading to a decrease in severe aggressions. Among these actions, awareness-raising plays a key role. First, women gain self-confidence and increase their own commitment to the cause; second, a snowball effect takes place, causing the rejection of harassment and the fight against it to spread across different social spheres.
Malaria Cell Image Classification Using Compact Deep Learning Architectures on Jetson TX2
Authors: Alonso-Ramírez Adán-Antonio , Barranco-Gutiérrez Alejandro-Israel , Méndez-Gurrola Iris-Iddaly , Gutiérrez-López Marcos , Prado-Olivarez Juan , Pérez-Pinal Francisco-Javier , Villegas-Saucillo J. Jesús , García-Muñoz Jorge-Alberto , García-Capulín Carlos-Hugo
Published: November 2024

Malaria is a significant global health issue, especially in tropical regions. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and reducing mortality rates. Traditional diagnostic methods, like blood smear microscopy, are time-intensive and prone to error. This study introduces a deep learning approach for classifying malaria-infected cells in blood smear images using convolutional neural networks (CNNs); Six CNN models were designed and trained using a large labeled dataset of malaria cell images, both infected and uninfected, and were implemented on the Jetson TX2 board to evaluate them. The model was optimized for feature extraction and classification accuracy, achieving 97.72% accuracy, and evaluated using precision, recall, and F1-score metrics and execution time. Results indicate deep learning significantly improves diagnostic time efficiency on embedded systems. This scalable, automated solution is particularly useful in resource-limited areas without access to expert microscopic analysis. Future work will focus on clinical validation.
Ethyltoluenes Regulate Inflammatory and Cell Fibrosis Signaling in the Liver Cell Model
Authors: Niture Suryakant , Gadi Sashi , Hoang Hieu , Rios-Colon Leslimar , Bodnar Wanda , Levine Keith E. , Kumar Deepak
Published: November 2024

Crude oil naphtha fraction C9 alkylbenzenes consist of trimethylbenzenes, ethyltoluenes, cumene, and n-propylbenzene. The major fraction of C9 alkylbenzenes is ethyltoluenes (ETs) consisting of three isomers: 2-ethyltoluene (2-ET), 3-ethyltoluene (3-ET), and 4-ethyltoluene (4-ET). Occupational and environmental exposure to ETs can occur via inhalation and ingestion and cause several health problems. Exposure to ETs causes eye and upper respiratory tract irritation, coughing, gagging, vomiting, griping, diarrhea, distress, and depressed respiration. Previous studies suggest that ETs target the respiratory tract and liver and produce several lesions in the nose, lungs, and liver areas. In the current study, we investigated the impact of low concentrations of ETs on cell metabolism, cell inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis signaling in liver cell models in vitro. Dose-dependent exposure of 2-ET, 3-ET, and 4-ET to HepaRG and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells affects cell survival/real-time proliferation and increases ROS production. ETs induce inflammatory CAT, SOD1, CXCL8, IL1B, HMOX1, NAT1 (3), and STAT3 gene expression. Exposure of 2-ET, 3-ET, and 4-ET to HepaRG and HCC HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells affects mitochondrial respiration/cellular energetics and upregulates metabolic CYP1-A1, CYP1-A2, CYP2-D6, CYP2-E1, CYP3-A4, CYP3-B4, and VEGFA gene expression. However, no significant change in lipogenesis-related gene expression and modulation of cell steatosis was observed after ET exposure. Acute exposure to induvial ETs and in combination or chronic 2-ET exposure alone modulates cell fibrosis markers such as AST, FGF-23, Cyt-7 p21, TGFβ, TIMP2, and MMP2 in liver cell models, suggesting that ETs target liver cells and may dysregulate liver function.
Modulation of Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Acute and Chronic Ethanol Consumption in Mice: A Study Pilot
Authors: Gonçalves Allan Cristian , Coelho Aline Meireles , da Cruz Castro Maria Laura , Pereira Renata Rebeca , da Silva Araújo Natalia Pereira , Ferreira Flávia Monteiro , Machado Júnior Pedro Alves , Pio Sirlaine , Vital Camilo Elber , Bezerra Frank Silva , Talvani André , de Castro Borges William , de Oliveira Emerson Cruz , Costa Daniela Caldeira
Published: November 2024

Paracetamol (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury, leading to acute liver failure. However, the role of concurrent acute or chronic ethanol ingestion in this context requires further clarification. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic ethanol ingestion on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into four groups: control (C; water 2×/day for 7 days); APAP (single dose of APAP, 500 mg/kg); acute ethanol (AE; a single ethanol dose—10 mL/kg, and one hour later an overdose of APAP—500 mg/kg); chronic ethanol (CE; ethanol—10 mL/kg, 2×/day for 7 days; and on the last day, an overdose of APAP—500 mg/kg). The results showed that AE induced heightened liver damage, increased necrotic area, and elevated levels of ALT, AST, TBARS, and oxidized glutathione compared to the control group. The AE group exhibited diminished glutathione availability and elevated CYP2E1 levels compared to the other groups. CE maintained a hepatic profile similar to that of the control group in terms of necrosis index, ALT and AST levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and CYP2E1 activity, along with the upregulation of gene expression of the glucuronidation enzyme compared to the APAP group. Proteomic analysis revealed that the AE protein profile closely resembled that of the APAP group, whereas the C and CE groups were clustered together. In conclusion, ethanol consumption differentially modulated APAP overdose-induced liver damage. Acute consumption exacerbated hepatotoxicity, similar to an APAP overdose alone, whereas chronic consumption appeared to mitigate this injury, at least within the parameters assessed in this study.
Exploring the Venom Gland Transcriptome of Bothrops asper and Bothrops jararaca: De Novo Assembly and Analysis of Novel Toxic Proteins
Authors: Espín-Angulo Joseph , Vela Doris
Published: November 2024

Previous proteomic studies of viperid venom revealed that it is mainly composed of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), serine proteinases (SVSPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and C-type lectins (CTLs). However, other proteins appear in minor amounts that affect prey and need to be identified. This study aimed to identify novel toxic proteins in the venom gland transcriptome of Bothrops asper and Bothrops jararaca, using data from NCBI. Bioinformatics tools were used to assemble, identify, and compare potentially novel proteins in both species, and we performed functional annotation with BLASTX against the NR database. While previous assemblies have been performed for B. jararaca, this is the first assembly of the B. asper venom gland transcriptome. Proteins with potentially novel functions were identified, including arylsulfatase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, among others, that could have implications for venom toxicity. These results suggest that the identified proteins may contribute to venom toxic variation and provide new opportunities for antivenom research. The study improves the understanding of the protein composition of Bothrops venom and suggests new possibilities for the development of treatments and antivenoms.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Live Vaccine (Strain 168) in Ningxiang Pigs
Authors: Qin Zhanguo , Zhao Pengfei , Chen Lunyong , Han Zhen , Zhang Yuankui , Zhao Junlong
Published: November 2024

[Background/Objectives] Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is widespread in the global swine industry, leading to significant economic losses, and is particularly severe in native Chinese pig breeds. The Ningxiang pig, a well-known native breed in China, is susceptible to M. hyopneumoniae, exhibiting high morbidity and mortality rates. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the M. hyopneumoniae live vaccine (strain 168). [Methods] The vaccine was delivered to 7-day-old piglets in the farrowing room through intrapulmonary administration, and its efficacy was compared with that of the M. hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccine (strain J). Four experimental groups were designed: Group 1 (inactivated vaccine + inactivated vaccine), Group 2 (live vaccine + inactivated vaccine), Group 3 (live vaccine), and Group 4 (control), which was not vaccinated. The production performance of each group was measured, and the lung lesion scores and pneumonia lesion reduction rates were evaluated at slaughter. Nasal swabs and serum samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 to assess SIgA, IgG antibody levels, and the M. hyopneumoniae pathogen. [Results] The results showed that Group 3 had the best production performance and clinical outcomes, with the lowest average lung lesion score, of 4.43 ± 2.44, which was significantly different from the other groups (*** p < 0.001). [Conclusions] This study provided scientific evidence to support vaccination strategies for preventing and controlling the M. hyopneumoniae in native pig populations.
Stirred Not Shaken: A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Head Kinematics and Cognitive Changes in Horseracing
Authors: Edwards Emma , Bond Bert , Holsgrove Timothy P. , Hill Jerry , Baker Ryan , Williams Genevieve K. R.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this longitudinal pilot study was to add to the body of research relating to head kinematics/vibration in sport and their potential to cause short-term alterations in brain function. In horseracing, due to the horse’s movement, repeated low-level accelerations are transmitted to the jockey’s head. To measure this, professional jockeys (2 male, 2 female) wore an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to record their head kinematics while riding out. In addition, a short battery of tests (Stroop, Trail Making Test B, choice reaction time, manual dexterity, and visual function) was completed immediately before and after riding. Pre- and post-outcome measures from the cognitive test battery were compared using descriptive statistics. The average head kinematics measured across all jockeys and days were at a low level: resultant linear acceleration peak = 5.82 ± 1.08 g, mean = 1.02 ± 0.01 g; resultant rotational velocity peak = 10.37 ± 3.23 rad/s, mean = 0.85 ± 0.15 rad/s; and resultant rotational acceleration peak = 1495 ± 532.75 rad/s2, mean = 86.58 ± 15.54 rad/s2. The duration of an acceleration event was on average 127.04 ± 17.22 ms for linear accelerations and 89.42 ± 19.74 ms for rotational accelerations. This was longer than those noted in many impact and non-impact sports. Jockeys experienced high counts of linear and rotational head accelerations above 3 g and 400 rad/s2, which are considered normal daily living levels (average 300 linear and 445 rotational accelerations per hour of riding). No measurable decline in executive function or dexterity was found after riding; however, a deterioration in visual function (near point convergence and accommodation) was seen. This work lays the foundation for future large-scale research to monitor the head kinematics of riders, measure the effects and understand variables that might influence them.
Aquatic Fungi as Bioindicators of Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Barros Juliana , Ben Tanfous Sarra , Seena Sahadevan
Published: November 2024

Aquatic fungi, especially aquatic hyphomycetes, are promising bioindicators for assessing the health and integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Their sensitivity to a wide range of environmental stressors, coupled with their essential roles in ecological processes such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, establish them as important tools for monitoring ecological disturbances. By examining aquatic fungal responses at various biological levels—from molecular mechanisms to ecosystem dynamics—ecologists are able to uncover valuable information about the functioning of freshwater habitats. Despite challenges such as the complexity of fungal communities and knowledge gaps, the prospects for using aquatic fungi as bioindicators are encouraging. Advancing research and technological innovations are expected to refine our understanding of the ecological roles of aquatic fungi and enhance their use in detecting impacts on freshwater ecosystems. The inclusion of these organisms in environmental monitoring programmes alongside other bioindicators could significantly improve our ability to detect and mitigate the effects of both natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, leading to more effective conservation strategies.
Spatial Distribution of Calanoida in Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Application as a Food Web Assessment Index
Authors: Choi Yerim , Hong Geun-Hyeok , La Geung-Hwan , Kim Hyun-Woo , Kim Moo Seong , Jang Min-Ho , Chang Kwang-Hyeon , Oh Hye-Ji
Published: November 2024

Calanoida is a representative oligo-mesotrophic indicator species, frequently used as an index for assessing lake ecosystems’ health. Additionally, they function as trophic intermediates in the food web, connecting primary producers and higher consumers within lake ecosystems’ food chains. However, research cases that present the implications of habitat environment assessments, such as ecosystem structure and water quality, represented by these taxa remain insufficient. In this study, we conducted research across 49 lakes in South Korea, analyzing the occurrence characteristics of Calanoida and examining the correlations between Calanoida abundance and water quality parameters and the morphological-based functional groups of phytoplankton. Calanoida were more frequently observed in lakes characterized by greater size, increased depth, and reduced levels of anthropogenic land use. Furthermore, Calanoida occurrence was more probable in environments characterized by lower electrical conductivity and suspended solids concentrations. Their presence was also associated with conditions where Large mucilaginous phytoplankton (MBFG7), which includes cyanobacteria, and Large filamentous phytoplankton (MBFG3) were prevalent. An analysis of the environmental factors influencing the increase in Calanoida abundance revealed an inverse relationship between their abundance and water quality factors, including nutrient levels. This trend was observed consistently across all genera. Additionally, Calanoida were observed to maintain a high abundance in environments where the presence of the Large mucilaginous phytoplankton group (MBFG7) was relatively high. In contrast, Cyclopoida exhibited varying occurrence characteristics by genus in response to different water quality factors. Based on these results, we suggest that Calanoida, commonly used as an indicator of mesotrophic conditions, can also serve as a valuable indicator for evaluating the functionality of the food web. While Calanoida struggle to inhabit environments characterized by degraded water quality, they demonstrate the ability to adapt and persist in environments containing large, mucilaginous, or filamentous phytoplankton species that are typically challenging for other zooplankton to graze.
Analysis of the Thermal Runaway Mitigation Performances of Dielectric Fluids During Overcharge Abuse Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells with Lithium Titanate Oxide Anodes
Authors: Menale Carla , Mancino Antonio Nicolò , Vitiello Francesco , Sglavo Vincenzo , Vellucci Francesco , Caiazzo Laura , Bubbico Roberto
Published: November 2024

Lithium titanate oxide cells are gaining attention in electric vehicle applications due to their ability to support high-current charging and their enhanced thermal stability. However, despite these advantages, safety concerns, particularly thermal runaway, pose significant challenges during abuse conditions such as overcharging. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of various dielectric fluids in mitigating thermal runaway during overcharge abuse tests of cylindrical LTO cells with a capacity of 10 Ah. The experimental campaign focused on overcharging fully charged cells (starting at 100% State of Charge) at a current of 40A (4C). The tests were conducted under two conditions: the first benchmark test involved a cell exposed to air, while the subsequent tests involved cells submerged in different dielectric fluids. These fluids included two perfluoropolyether fluorinated fluids (PFPEs) with boiling points of 170 °C and 270 °C, respectively, a synthetic ester, and a silicone oil. The results were analyzed to determine the fluids’ ability to delay possible thermal runaway and prevent catastrophic failures. The findings demonstrate that some dielectric fluids can delay thermal runaway, with one fluid showing superior performance with respect to the others in preventing fire during thermal runaway. The top-performing fluid was further evaluated in a simulated battery pack environment, confirming its ability to mitigate thermal runaway risks. These results provide important insights for improving the safety of battery systems in electric vehicles.
Warranty service of equipment in agriculture
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Kostomakhin M. N. , Stopalov S. G.
Published: November 2024

Experienced machine operators are well aware that a new machine needs careful checking
of fasteners, control of adjustments, the presence of lubricants, and other similar operations. If at the same time all the identified shortcomings are promptly eliminated, the machine will work reliably
in the future. And in general, the reliability of equipment largely depends on compliance with the rules
of its running-in and maintenance at the very beginning of operation, i. e. during the warranty period.
The project of a digital diagnostic system for the gearbox of tractors
Authors:   Federal scientifi c agroengineering center All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization, Petrishchev N. A. , Sayapin A. S. ,   Federal scientifi c agroengineering center All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization
Published: November 2024

The article presents proposals for the development of a project to equip gearboxes of energysaturated
tractors of domestic production with a digital technical condition monitoring system.