bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Low 4.3 wt% Silicon Thermal Reducing Doped Porous Si@MoC as Highly Capable and Stable Li‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Lu Xing , Zhang Yanan , Kang Yifan , Jin Xilang , Zhang Xingxing , Li Yali , Wang Hong , Huang Wenhuan
Published: January 2024

Silicon is a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for its ultra‐high theoretical capacity; however, its large volume expansion and low electrical conductivity trigger capacity degradation and poor stability. Herein, an ultra‐low 4.3 wt% Si‐doped porous MoC (p‐Si@MoC) is constructed by a facile thermal reduction on a core‐shelled precursor of ZnMo‐hybrid zeolitic imidazole framework (HZIF‐ZnMo) coated by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), delivering a high capacity and superior cycling stability (976.6 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.2 A g−1) in LIBs. The homogeneous distribution in the porous MoC matrix contributes to its maximum capacity utilization. Meanwhile, the porous substrate enhances Li ion transport kinetics and reduced the volume expansion of Si. The excellent electronic conductivity of p‐Si@MoC is revealed by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Mo─Si bonds formed by Si‐doped in the MoC matrix are verified by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Moreover, the in situ X‐ray diffraction (in situ XRD) reveals the lithium storage mechanism. This work presents an excellent structural design and synthesis strategy for high‐performance silicon‐based anode materials.
Effect of Donor Age and Liver Steatosis on Potential of Decellularized Liver Matrices to be used as a Platform for iPSC‐Hepatocyte Culture
Authors: Acun Aylin , Fan Letao , Oganesyan Ruben , Uygun Korkut M. , Yeh Heidi , Yarmush Martin L. , Uygun Basak E.
Published: January 2024

Decellularization of discarded whole livers and their recellularization with patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop a functional organ is a promising approach to increasing the donor pool. The effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) of marginal livers on iPSC‐hepatocyte differentiation and function has not been shown. To test the effect of donor liver ECM age and steatosis, young and old, as well as no, low, and high steatosis livers, are decellularized. All livers are decellularized successfully. High steatosis livers have fat remaining on the ECM after decellularization. Old donor liver ECM induces lower marker expression in early differentiation stages, compared to young liver ECM, while this difference is closed at later stages and do not affect iPSC‐hepatocyte function significantly. High steatosis levels of liver ECM lead to higher albumin mRNA expression and secretion while at later stages of differentiation expression of major cytochrome (CYP) 450 enzymes is highest in low steatosis liver ECM. Both primary human hepatocytes and iPSC‐hepatocytes show an increase in fat metabolism marker expression with increasing steatosis levels most likely induced by excess fat remaining on the ECM. Overall, removal of excess fat from liver ECM may be needed for inducing proper hepatic function after recellularization.
Nanofluid‐Guided Janus Membrane for High‐Efficiency Electricity Generation from Water Evaporation
Authors: Han Yongxiang , Wang Yanlei , Wang Mi , Dong Hao , Nie Yi , Zhang Suojiang , He Hongyan
Published: January 2024

Harvesting electricity from widespread water evaporation provides an alternative route to cleaner power generation technology. However, current evaporation power generation (EPG) mainly depends on the dissociation process of certain functional groups (e.g., SO3H) in water, which suffers from low power density and short‐term output. Herein, the Janus membrane is prepared by combining nanofluid and water‐grabbing material for EPG, where the nanoconfined ionic liquids (NCILs) serve as ion sources instead of the functional groups. Benefiting from the selective and fast transport of anions in NCILs, such EPG demonstrates excellent power performance with a voltage of 0.63 V, a short‐circuit current of 140 µA, and a maximum power density of 16.55 µW cm−2 while operating for at least 180 h consistently. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and surface potential analysis reveal the molecular mechanism, that is, the diffusion of Cl− anions during evaporation is much faster than that of cations, generating the voltage and current across the membrane. Furthermore, the device performs well in varying environmental conditions, including different water temperatures and sources of evaporating water, showcasing its adaptability and integrability. Overall, the nanofluid‐guided Janus membrane can efficiently transform low‐grade thermal energy in evaporation into electricity, showing a competitive advantage over other sustainable applied approaches.
A Spatial Transcriptomics Based Label‐Free Method for Assessment of Human Stem Cell Distribution and Effects in a Mouse Model of Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Park Jeongbin , Lee Dongjoo , Lee Jae Eun , Lee Daeseung , Song In Ho , Park Hyun Soo , Choi Hongyoon , Im Hyung‐Jun
Published: January 2024

Recently, cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for various disorders. Given the intricate mechanisms of action (MOA) and heterogenous distribution in target tissues inherent to cell therapy, it is necessary to develop more sophisticated, unbiased approaches to evaluate the distribution of administered cells and the molecular changes at a microscopic level. This study introduces a label‐free approach for assessing the tissue distribution of administered human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their MOA, leveraging spatially resolved transcriptomics (ST) analysis. The hMSCs are introduced into a mouse model with lung fibrosis, followed by the manipulation of ST to visualize the spatial distribution of hMSCs within the tissue. This is achieved by capitalizing on interspecies transcript differences between humans and mice. Furthermore, the method allowed for the examination of molecular changes associated with the spatial distribution of hMSCs. Therefore, this method has the potential to serve as an effective tool for various cell‐based therapeutic agents.
Self‐Healable and 4D Printable Hydrogel for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Li Huijun , Chng Chin Boon , Zheng Han , Wu Mao See , Bartolo Paulo Jorge Da Silva , Qi H. Jerry , Tan Yu Jun , Zhou Kun
Published: January 2024

Materials with high stretchability and conductivity are used to fabricate stretchable electronics. Self‐healing capability and four‐dimensional (4D) printability are becoming increasingly important for these materials to facilitate their recovery from damage and endow them with stimuli–response properties. However, it remains challenging to design a single material that combines these four strengths. Here, a dually crosslinked hydrogel is developed by combining a covalently crosslinked acrylic acid (AAC) network and Fe3+ ions through dynamic and reversible ionically crosslinked coordination. The remarkable electrical sensitivity (a gauge factor of 3.93 under a strain of 1500%), superior stretchability (a fracture strain up to 1700%), self‐healing ability (a healing efficiency of 88% and 97% for the mechanical and electrical properties, respectively), and 4D printability of the hydrogel are demonstrated by constructing a strain sensor, a two‐dimensional touch panel, and shape‐morphing structures with water‐responsive behavior. The hydrogel demonstrates vast potential for applications in stretchable electronics.
Truncated PD1 Engineered Gas‐Producing Extracellular Vesicles for Ultrasound Imaging and Subsequent Degradation of PDL1 in Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhang Siyan , Liang Yuan , Ji Panpan , Zheng Rui , Lu Fan , Hou Guangdong , Yang Guodong , Yuan Lijun
Published: January 2024

PDL1 blockade therapy holds great promise in cancer immunotherapy. Ultrasound imaging of PDL1 expression in the tumor is of great importance in predicting the therapeutic efficacy. As a proof‐of‐concept study, a novel ultrasound contrast agent has been innovated here to image and block PDL1 in the tumor tissue. Briefly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are engineered to display truncated PD1 (tPD1) on the surface to bind PDL1 with high affinity by fusion to EV‐abundant transmembrane protein PTGFRN. The engineered EVs are then encapsulated with Ca(HCO3)2 via electroporation and designated as Gp‐EVtPD1, which would recognize PDL1 highly expressed cells and produce gas in the endosomes and lysosomes. On the one hand, the echogenic signal intensity correlates well with the PDL1 expression and immune response inhibition in the tumor. On the other hand, during the trajectory of Gp‐EVtPD1 in the recipient cells, tPD1 on the EV binds PDL1 and triggers the PDL1 endocytosis and degradation in endosomes/lysosomes in a sequential manner, and thus boosts the anti‐tumor immunity of cytotoxic T cells. In summary, Gp‐EVtPD1 serves as a novel ultrasound contrast agent and blocker of PDL1, which might be of great advantage in imaging PDL1 expression and conquering immune checkpoint blocker resistance.
Accelerated silicosis in sandblasters: Pathology, mineralogy, and clinical correlates
Authors: Crawford Judith A. , Sanyal Soma , Burnett Bryan R. , Wiesenfeld Stephen L. , Abraham Jerrold L.
Published: January 2024

Background

With increasing reports of accelerated and acute silicosis, PMF, and autoimmune disease among coal miners and silica‐exposed countertop workers, we present previously incompletely‐described pulmonary pathology of accelerated silicosis and correlations with mineralogy, radiography, and disease progression in 46 Texas oilfield pipe sandblasters who were biopsied between 1988 and 1995.

Methods

Worker examinations included pulmonary function tests, chest X‐ray (CXR), high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and Gallium‐67 scans. Quantitative mineralogic analysis of pulmonary parenchymal burden of silica, silicates, and metal particles used scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM EDS).

Results

Workers had clinical deterioration after <10 years exposure in dusty workplaces. Although initial CXR was normal in 54%, Gallium‐67 scans were positive in 68% of those with normal CXR, indicating pulmonary inflammation. The histology of accelerated silicosis is diffuse interstitial infiltration of macrophages filled with weakly birefringent particles with or without silicotic nodules or alveolar proteinosis. Lung silica concentrations were among the highest in our database, showing a dose–response relationship with CXR, HRCT, and pathologic changes (macrophages, fibrosis, and silicotic nodules). Radiographic scores and diffusing capacity worsened during observation. Silica exposure was intensified, patients presented younger, with shorter exposure, more severe clinical abnormalities, higher lung particle burdens, and more rapid progression in a subset of patients exposed to recycled blasting sand.

Conclusions

Accelerated silicosis may present with a normal CXR despite significant histopathology. Multivariable analyses showed silica, and not other particles, is the driver of observed radiologic, physiologic, and histologic outcomes. Eliminating this preventable disease requires higher physician, public health, and societal awareness.
Carpal tunnel syndrome among Manitoba workers: Results from the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System
Authors: Kraut Allen , Rydz Elizabeth , Walld Randy , Demers Paul A. , Peters Cheryl E.
Published: January 2024

Background

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is associated with occupational high‐force repetitive tasks and vibration. This project examines the relationship between CTS and work to: (1) identify jobs and industries with increased CTS risk; (2) explore whether there is a sex difference in the risk of CTS after controlling for occupation; and (3) determine whether any observed relationships persist after excluding Workers Compensation Board (WCB) accepted time‐loss CTS claims.

Methods

We linked 95.5% of time‐loss WCB claims from 2006 to 2019 to provincial administrative health data. The cohort included 143,001 unique person‐occupation combinations. CTS cases were defined as at least two medical claims for (ICD‐9 354) within a 12‐month period or a surgical claim for CTS from 2 years before the WCB claim to 3 years after. WCB accepted CTS time‐loss claims not identified by the medical claims were also included.

Results

A total of 4302 individuals (3.0%) met the CTS definition. Analysis revealed that the hazard ratios (HRs) of CTS vary considerably with occupation. Sex‐based differences in CTS risks were observed, both in low‐ and high‐risk occupations. In many occupations with increased HR, the HR remained elevated after excluding accepted time‐loss WCB cases.

Conclusions

The risk of developing CTS varied with occupation. Job titles with ergonomic risk factors had higher risks than those with lower exposures. This finding remained after eliminating time‐loss compensated WCB cases, suggesting that all cases of CTS in high risk jobs are not identified in WCB statistics. Female workers in some job titles had excess CTS cases compared to male workers within the same job title.
Mechanophotocatalysis: A Generalizable Approach to Solvent‐minimized Photocatalytic Reactions for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Millward Francis , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: January 2024

This proof‐of‐concept study cements the viability and generality of mechanophotocatalysis, merging mechanochemistry and photocatalysis to enable solvent‐minimized photocatalytic reactions. We demonstrate the transmutation of four archetypal solution‐state photocatalysis reactions to a solvent‐minimized environment driven by the combined actions of milling, light, and photocatalysts. The chlorosulfonylation of alkenes and the pinacol coupling of aldehydes and ketones were conducted under solvent‐free conditions with competitive or superior efficiencies to their solution‐state analogues. Furthermore, decarboxylative alkylations are shown to function efficiently under solvent‐minimized conditions, while the photoinduced energy transfer promoted [2+2] cycloaddition of chalcone experiences a significant initial rate enhancement over its solution‐state variant. This work serves as a platform for future discoveries in an underexplored field: validating that solvent‐minimized photocatalysis is not only generalizable and competitive with solution‐state photocatalysis, but can also offer valuable advantages.
Two‐Dimensional Nonbenzenoid Heteroacene Crystals Synthesized via In‐Situ Embedding of Ladder Bipyrazinylenes on Au(111)
Authors: Wang Ying , Gong Wen‐Wen , Zhao Yan , Xing Guang‐Yan , Kang Li‐Xia , Sha Feng , Huang Zheng‐Yang , Liu Jian‐Wei , Han Yan‐Jie , Li Peng , Li Deng‐Yuan , Liu Pei‐Nian
Published: January 2024

Precisely introducing topological defects is an important strategy in nanographene crystal engineering because defects can tune π‐electronic structures and control molecular assemblies. The synergistic control of the synthesis and assembly of nanographenes by embedding the topological defects to afford two‐dimensional (2D) crystals on surfaces is still a great challenge. By in‐situ embedding ladder bipyrazinylene (LBPy) into acene, the narrowest nanographene with zigzag edges, we have achieved the precise preparation of 2D nonbenzenoid heteroacene crystals on Au(111). Through intramolecular electrocyclization of o‐diisocyanides and Au adatom‐directed [2+2] cycloaddition, the nonbenzenoid heteroacene products are produced with high chemoselectivity, and lead to the molecular 2D assembly via LBPy‐derived interlocking hydrogen bonds. Using bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, we determined the atomic structures of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene product and diverse organometallic intermediates. The tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed the electronic structure of the nonbenzenoid heteroacene, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed distinct organometallic intermediates during progression annealing combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that LBPy formation proceeds via electrocyclization of o‐diisocyanides, trapping of heteroarynes by Au adatoms, and stepwise elimination of Au adatoms.
A novel method for exploring the wear resistance characteristics of ethylene propylene diene monomers‐polyamide elastomers with nano‐graphite
Authors: Hao Yupeng , Liu Susu , Liu Guangyong
Published: January 2024

Hansen solubility parameter theory and rheological laws were employed to investigate the microscopic cross‐linked network structure of the wear‐resistant elastomer based on ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM)‐polyamide elastomers (PAE)/graphite. With the condition of the same carbon black content, the wear volume of EPDM‐PAE increased after added wax powder and decreased by adding five percent graphite. The role of microscopic cross‐linked network on the wear‐resistant properties was specifically characterized by a highly linear synergistic relationship between wear volume and cross‐link density. The motion ability of micro chain segments has been characterized by the frequency sweep and the influence of the filler network has been represented by the strain sweep. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the micro filling structure, while stereomicroscope view was used to explore the wear interface. It was noteworthy that the graphite network layer formed on the abrasive surface on top of the abrasive grit wear transformed the wear mechanism into composite wear. This work was an innovative perspective to study rubber‐plastic/solid lubricant‐based wear‐resistant elastomers, based on microscopic network structures, which could help to obtain new wear‐resistant elastomers with specific properties.
Construction of fluorenyl‐modified low dielectric constant polyimide films with excellent mechanical properties and optical transparency
Authors: Xie Kang , Li Zhihua , Zhao Bo , Guo Ziteng , Deng Xingguo
Published: January 2024

In order to meet the requirements of highly integrated and miniaturized electronic components, there is an urgent need for low dielectric materials with high mechanical properties and optical transparency in the field of microelectronics. In this study, a series of novel polyimide films (FPI) containing fluorenyl were prepared, and the effects of the fluorenyl content on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the copolymerized films were investigated and discussed. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the dielectric constant of the FPI films following the introduction of fluorenyl into polyimide (PI) chain segment. The FPI films also exhibited high mechanical properties, including tensile strengths between 92 and 106 MPa and elongation at break in the range of 8.4%–13.0%. Additionally, the introduction of the noncoplanar fluorenyl considerably improved the optical transparency and solubility of the FPI film. It is noteworthy that the FPI‐3 has the best dielectric properties, with a low dielectric constant of 2.61 at 10 MHz and shows low water absorption (0.49%). The results show that we have prepared a novel low dielectric PI material film with excellent mechanical properties and optical transparency by introducing fluorenyl into the PI chain segment. These FPI films with satisfactory properties may be good candidates for dielectric materials for electronic components.
Comments on the pelvic girdle anatomy of Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 (Archosauria) and its implications on the posture and gait of early pterosauromorphs
Authors: Agnolín Federico L. , Novas Fernando E. , Ezcurra Martín D. , Miner Santiago , Müller Rodrigo Temp
Published: January 2024

Lagerpeton chanarensis is an early avemetatarsalian from the lower Carnian (lowermost Upper Triassic) levels of the Chañares Formation, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Lagerpeton and its kin were traditionally interpreted as dinosaur precursors of cursorial habits, with a bipedal posture and parasagittal gait. Some authors also speculated saltatorial capabilities for this genus. Recent analyses indicate that lagerpetids are early‐diverging pterosauromorphs, a hypothesis that invites a review of most aspects of their anatomy and function. A revision of available specimens and additional preparation of previously known individuals indicate that Lagerpeton lacked a parasagittal gait and was probably a sprawling archosaur. This latter inference is based on the femoral head articulation with the acetabulum. The acetabular rim has a strongly laterally projected posteroventral antitrochanteric corner, which results in a position of the legs that recalls that of sprawling living reptiles, such as lizards, and departs from the parasagittally positioned limbs of dinosaurs. This may indicate that early pterosauromorphs had a sprawling posture of their hindlegs, casting doubts on the significance of bipedal posture and parasagittal gait for the radiation of early ornithodirans, given that both traits have been regarded as key features that triggered the ecological and evolutionary success of the clade. Our results bolster recent claims of a high ecomorphological diversity among early avemetatarsalians.
Methoden zur Abschätzung des CO2‐Speicherpotenzials rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung
Authors: Hron Johannes , Zeman Oliver , Voit Klaus , Wriessnig Karin , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: January 2024

Die Notwendigkeit der Nutzung von CO2‐Senken wird für die Bauindustrie immer relevanter, da auch zukünftig die Herstellung bestimmter Industriegüter prozessbedingt nicht emissionsfrei ablaufen kann. Ein innovativer Ansatz hierzu ist die Nutzung von Altbeton bzw. daraus aufbereiteter Gesteinskörnung (rezyklierter Gesteinskörnung) zur CO2‐Speicherung, wodurch das Recycling von Baurestmassen im Sinne der Ressourcenschonung (Urban Mining) um den Aspekt der Klimaverträglichkeit erweitert wird. Erste Umsetzungen in der Praxis sind bereits erfolgt und eine vermehrte zukünftige Anwendung zeichnet sich ab. Eine Schwierigkeit bildet die Ungewissheit über das vorhandene CO2‐Aufnahmepotenzial der jeweiligen Recyclinggesteinskörnungen. Eine genaue Erfassung ist im Grunde nur nach erfolgter Karbonatisierung durch Ermittlung der Massen und Überwachung der Versuchsbedingungen möglich. Haupteinflussparameter sind dabei die Korngröße sowie die für die Karbonatisierung zur Verfügung stehende Zeitspanne, aber auch die Betoneigenschaften und Expositionshistorie des vorliegenden Altbetons. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine praktische Methode mittels Zwangskarbonatisierung in einem Laborreaktor vorgestellt, mithilfe derer das jeweilige CO2‐Speichervermögen an Proben aus dem Bestand, noch vor dem Abbruch einer Struktur, bestimmt werden kann und somit eine einfache, handhabbare Möglichkeit bietet, das Potenzial des zusätzlich erforderlichen Aufbereitungsschritts zu bewerten.
Exploring social workers' views on assessing child neglect in England and Wales
Authors: Haworth Simon , Schaub Jason , Montgomery Paul
Published: January 2024

Child neglect poses many issues for social work, notably in terms of effective assessment leading to informed intervention targeting the needs of children and families. In response to this challenge, our multiphase research project is developing a new multiagency child neglect measurement tool. The phase of the project reported in this article administered an online survey via Qualtrics to explore the views of children and families social workers on assessing child neglect. One hundred and twenty‐nine completed responses were received from registered children and families social workers in England and Wales. The main findings are that social workers are regularly undertaking child neglect assessments and feel relatively confident in completing them. They also feel relatively confident that their assessments are inclusive of social harms such as poverty and social isolation, but less confident they are accurate and informed by research evidence. Almost two‐thirds are using a child neglect assessment tool, but they lack confidence in these accurately assessing neglect or being quick and simple to use. The findings illustrate that social workers require both the work conditions and tools to use in which they feel confident to undertake balanced and accurate assessments of child neglect.
Socio‐psychological barriers preventing people from helping in times of crisis: A scoping review
Authors: Kossowska Małgorzata , Szwed Paulina , Czernatowicz‐Kukuczka Aneta , Perek‐Białas Jolanta , Szumowska Ewa , Kruglanski Arie W. , Gadowska Kaja , Kamińska Marta , Załuski Wojciech
Published: January 2024

A robust field of research has elucidated when and why people are willing to offer help in times of crisis. Yet helping behaviour does not always occur when needed, and the absence of helping during crisis is less well studied. By broadly defining a crisis as an extremely difficult, disruptive and dangerous situation, which may result in possible harm to individuals, groups and societies, this article reviews research focused on the following general question: What factors (psychological, sociological, economic and legal) prevent people from helping others in times of collective crisis? The present work (a) integrates the helping literature, (b) presents new theoretical and empirical perspectives on novel findings concerning failures to help during crises, and (c) suggests recommendations that will enable professionals involved in emergency management to support the public in developing their own capacity to manage and overcome crises. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario's criminal justice and forensic mental health systems: Using data to tell the story
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Matheson Flora I. , Kouyoumdjian Fiona , Whittingham Lisa , Lin Elizabeth , Durbin Anna , Calzavara Andrew , Moser Andrea , Dastoori Parisa , Sirotich Frank , Volpe Tiziana
Published: January 2024

Background

International studies show that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems; however, it is difficult to capture their involvement across systems in any one jurisdiction.

Aims

The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDD across different parts of the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems in Ontario and to describe the demographic and clinical profiles of these individuals relative to their counterparts without IDD.

Methods

This project utilised administrative data to identify and describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with IDD and criminal justice or forensic involvement across four sectors: federal correctional facilities, provincial correctional facilities, forensic inpatient mental health care and community mental health programmes. Questions were driven by and results were contextualised by a project advisory group and people with lived experience from the different sectors studied, resulting in a series of recommendations.

Results

Adults with IDD were over‐represented in each of the four settings, ranging from 2.1% in federal corrections to 16.7% in forensic inpatient care. Between 20% (forensic inpatient) and 38.4% (provincial corrections) were under the age of 25 and between 34.5% (forensic inpatient) and 41.8% (provincial corrections) resided in the lowest income neighbourhoods. Medical complexity and rates of co‐occurring mental health conditions were higher for people with IDD than those without IDD in federal and provincial corrections.

Conclusions

Establishing a population‐based understanding of people with IDD within these sectors is an essential first step towards understanding and addressing service and care needs. Building on the perspectives of people who work in and use these systems, this paper concludes with intervention recommendations before, during and after justice involvement.
Plasmonic‐assisted Electrocatalysis for CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiu , Mao Yu , Wang Ziyun
Published: January 2024

Integrating plasmonic features as an emerging strategy for enhancing electrocatalysis for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). The key parameters responsible for the enhanced electrocatalysis performance are the local heating, the hot carriers, and near‐field enhancement induced by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR, that is, plasmonic) excitation. This review provides a concise overview of the fundamental mechanism of CO2RR, detailing the generation and decay of plasmonic and the energy transfer dynamics between plasmonic nanostructures and adsorbates. It further involves recent progress in plasmonic‐assisted electrocatalysis for CO2RR, including experimental and theoretical research to decipher plasmonic mechanisms. Finally, it ends with an insightful discussion of the existing challenges and potential future directions in this field.
Triflate's bigger brother: The unprecedented tribrate anion, [Br3CSO3]−
Authors: Mertens Alisha , Eppers Katrin , van Gerven David , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: January 2024

The synthesis of the unprecedented [Br3CSO3]− anion starts with the bromination of phenylmethanesulfonate, C6H5OSO2CH3, with KOBr leading to C6H5OSO2CBr3. The formation of the [CBr3] moiety has been proved, also by an X‐ray structure determination of the compound (triclinic, P‐1, a=685.9(2), b=698.1(2), c=1190.2(3) pm, α=93.99(1)°, β=97.42(1)°, γ=94.45(1)°). The ester C6H5OSO2CBr3 can be split under basic conditions. The resulting acid provides access to the yet unknown tribromomethanesulfates (“tribrates”). K[Br3CSO3] ⋅ H2O, the first tribrate known so far has been characterized comprehensively, including an X‐ray structure determination (monoclinic, C2/c, a=2267.1(2), b=1282.25(8), c=2618.2(2) pm, β=111.266(2)°), vibrational spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the thermal analysis shows that, after loss of the crystal water, the tribrate decomposes between 530 and 630 K.
Synthesis and functionalities of FeSn12 superatom prepared by single atom introduction with a dendrimer template
Authors: Muramatsu Hisanori , Kambe Tetsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Kuzume Akiyoshi , Hosono Reina , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: January 2024

Superatoms are promising as new building block materials that can be designed by precise controlling of the constituent atoms. Stannaspherene (Sn122−) is a rigid cage‐like cluster with icosahedral symmetry, for which one‐atom encapsulation was theoretically expected and detected in the gas phase. Here, a single‐atom introduction method into stannaspherene using a dendrimer template with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) protection is demonstrated. This advanced solution‐phase synthesis allows not only the selective doping of one atom into the cluster cage, but also enable further detail characterization of optical and magnetic properties that were not possible in the gas‐phase synthesis. In other words, this liquid‐phase synthesis method has enabled the adaptation of detailed analytical methods. In this study, FeSn12 was synthesized and characterized, revealing that a single Fe atom introduction in the Sn122− cage result in the appearance of near‐infrared emission and enhancement in the magnetism.
Personalized Chronomodulated 5‐Fluorouracil Treatment: A Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Precision Dosing Approach for Optimizing Cancer Therapy
Authors: Marok Fatima Zahra , Wojtyniak Jan‐Georg , Selzer Dominik , Dallmann Robert , Swen Jesse J. , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Schwab Matthias , Lehr Thorsten
Published: January 2024

The discovery of circadian clock genes greatly amplified the study of diurnal variations impacting cancer therapy, transforming it into a rapidly growing field of research. Especially, use of chronomodulated treatment with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) has gained significance. Studies indicate high interindividual variability (IIV) in diurnal variations in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity – a key enzyme for 5‐FU metabolism. However, the influence of individual DPD chronotypes on chronomodulated therapy remains unclear and warrants further investigation. To optimize precision dosing of chronomodulated 5‐FU, this study aims to: (i) build physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for 5‐FU, uracil, and their metabolites, (ii) assess the impact of diurnal variation on DPD activity, (iii) estimate individual DPD chronotypes, and (iv) personalize chronomodulated 5‐FU infusion rates based on a patient's DPD chronotype. Whole‐body PBPK models were developed with PK‐Sim(R) and MoBi(R). Sinusoidal functions were used to incorporate variations in enzyme activity and chronomodulated infusion rates as well as to estimate individual DPD chronotypes from DPYD mRNA expression or DPD enzymatic activity. Four whole‐body PBPK models for 5‐FU, uracil, and their metabolites were established utilizing data from 41 5‐FU and 10 publicly available uracil studies. IIV in DPD chronotypes was assessed and personalized chronomodulated administrations were developed to achieve (i) comparable 5‐FU peak plasma concentrations, (ii) comparable 5‐FU exposure, and (iii) constant 5‐FU plasma levels via “noise cancellation” chronomodulated infusion. The developed PBPK models capture the extent of diurnal variations in DPD activity and can help investigate individualized chronomodulated 5‐FU therapy through testing alternative personalized dosing strategies.
Observer‐based residual‐driven dynamic compensation strategy for performance improvement of grid‐forming inverter
Authors: Zhang Shufeng , Liu Changan , Shi Yuntao , Yin Xiang , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2024

Grid‐forming (GFM) inverters offer stable frequency support for microgrid systems, even in the absence of synchronous generators. However, the GFM inverters have low inertia and vulnerability to system uncertainties and external disturbances. The conventional dual‐loop proportional integral (PI) control strategy, while widely used for its simplicity and robustness, suffers from poor dynamic performance. Motivated by this, this paper presents an observer‐based residual‐driven dynamic compensation (RDDC) strategy based on the coprime factorization technic and the Youla parameterization theory to achieve the primary control of the GFM inverter. The observer‐based RDDC strategy comprises four components: a PI controller for tracking control, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller for dynamic adjustment, a residual generator based on the Kalman filter for state estimation and residual generation, and a residual compensation controller designed using model matching theory and solved through linear matrix inequality (LMI) methods for disturbance suppression. Simulation and experiment results consistently demonstrate that the observer‐based RDDC strategy ensures system robustness, enhances the dynamic and steady‐state performance of the GFM inverter system, and strengthens the ability of the GFM inverter to suppress disturbances.
Localization of cadherins in the postnatal cochlear epithelium and their relation to space formation
Authors: Beaulac Holly J. , Munnamalai Vidhya
Published: January 2024

The sensory epithelium of the cochlea, the organ of Corti, has complex cytoarchitecture consisting of mechanosensory hair cells intercalated by epithelial support cells. The support cells provide important trophic and structural support to the hair cells. Thus, the support cells must be stiff yet compliant enough to withstand and modulate vibrations to the hair cells. Once the sensory cells are properly patterned, the support cells undergo significant remodeling from a simple epithelium into a structurally rigid epithelium with fluid‐filled spaces in the murine cochlea. Cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins are necessary for sorting and connecting cells in an intact epithelium. To create the fluid‐filled spaces, cell adhesion properties of adjoining cell membranes between cells must change to allow the formation of spaces within an epithelium. However, the dynamic localization of cadherins has not been properly analyzed as these spaces are formed. There are three cadherins that are reported to be expressed during the first postnatal week of development when the tunnel of Corti forms in the cochlea. In this study, we characterize the dynamic localization of cadherins that are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling at the contacting membranes of the inner and outer pillar cells flanking the tunnel of Corti.
The effect of salinity and altitude on diatom assemblages and ecological status assessment based on diatom indices in the lentic systems of the Western Mediterranean Basin (Türkiye)
Authors: Ongun Sevindik Tuğba , Çetin Tolga , Tekbaba Ayşe Gül , Güzel Uğur
Published: January 2024

In this study, littoral diatoms and environmental variables were sampled three times in 2017 (spring, summer, and autumn) to determine the effect of salinity (SAL) and altitude (ALT) on the littoral diatom assemblages (composition, distribution, species richness and diversity) of 12 lentic systems in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Due to the SAL and ALT differences in these systems, they were distinguished under two groups (high elevated freshwater lentic systems [HEF] and hyposaline lentic systems [HYP]). The Bray–Curtis and Canonical Correspondence (CCA) analyses based on diatom species also confirmed this separation. In HYP, SAL and alkalinity (ALK) were the most effective parameters on diatom assemblage. On the other hand, diatom assemblage was mainly affected by ALT in HEF. For the biological assessment of these systems, seven diatom indices were implemented. Although most of the indices showed higher regression with SAL and ALT, they did not give the intended result in the evaluation of HYP. On the other hand, the most consistent index with environmental variables and dominant species in HEF was the Generic Diatom Index (IDG).
Unraveling the superiority of (−)‐gallocatechin gallate to (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in protection of diabetic nephropathy of db/db mice
Authors: Xiao Xin , Feng Ling , Cheng Huijun , Ge Huifang , Wang Yijun , Wan Xiaochun , Li Daxiang , Xie Zhongwen
Published: January 2024

GCG ((−)‐gallocatechin gallate) and EGCG ((−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate) are main biologically active polyphenolic compounds in tea leaves, and EGCG has been studied for its potential effects on alleviating diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies showed that GCG exhibited better hypoglycemic and antioxidant efficacy than EGCG. However, the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of GCG in the protection of DN are unknown. In this study, db/db mice were administered with EGCG or GCG orally for 20 weeks to comparatively investigate their effects on DN. These results revealed that GCG was significantly more effective than EGCG in decreasing water intake and urine excretion, reducing fasting blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure, improving mesenteric artery contractility, enhancing the right renal hemodynamics, and improving key renal function markers. Through transcriptome analysis, S100A8/S100A9, two regulators of interstitial fibrosis, were identified and found to be more sensitive to GCG intervention, which was further confirmed by mRNA and protein expression data. In addition, the molecular docking analysis results demonstrated that GCG displayed a superior binding affinity toward S100A8/S100A9 in comparison to EGCG. Overall, our study found that GCG holds significant potential for the treatment of DN and outperforms EGCG in terms of efficacy.
Revelation of the discrepancy of volatile compounds in fig (Ficus carica) via gas chromatography ion‐mobility spectrometry
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Sun Rui , Wu Qiu , Jia Ming , Yu Tingjuan , Han Yanling , Yang Mingguan , Sun Lei
Published: January 2024

The volatile compounds of fig (Ficus carica) are influenced by various factors. To explore the composition and difference of volatile compounds among figs, gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) was used to study the volatiles of figs from various regions, diverse cultivars, and after treatment with different drying methods. Aldehydes were the main volatile compounds in Bojihong from Shandong, while esters, ketones, and alcohols were the main volatile compounds in Bojihong from Sichuan and Guangdong. The volatiles of Branswick and Banane were similar, but differed significantly from those of Bojihong. Drying had the most significant effect on fig volatiles, which greatly reduced the content of benzaldehyde, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 2‐methylbutanal aldehydes, lost the content of esters such as isoamyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, and generated some ketones and ethers. The results showed that Bojihong from Shandong was more suitable for the processing of subsequent fig drying products.
Ibrutinib as first line therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients over 80 years old: A retrospective real‐life multicenter Italian cohort
Authors: Martino Enrica Antonia , Mauro Francesca Romana , Reda Gianluigi , Laurenti Luca , Visentin Andrea , Frustaci Annamaria , Vigna Ernesto , Pepe Sara , Catania Gioacchino , Loseto Giacomo , Murru Roberta , Chiarenza Annalisa , Sportoletti Paolo , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Laureana Roberta , Coscia Marta , Galimberti Sara , Ferretti Eleonora , Zucchetto Antonella , Bomben Riccardo , Polesel Jerry , Tedeschi Alessandra , Rossi Davide , Trentin Livio , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Gattei Valter , Gentile Massimo
Published: January 2024

Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) predominantly affects the elderly, limited data exists about the outcomes of over 80‐year‐old patients, usually underrepresented in clinical trials. We conducted a multicenter study enrolling 79 consecutive CLL patients ≥80 years at the time of frontline therapy, all treated with ibrutinib. Nearly 48% of cases exhibited unmutated IGHV genes, 32% 17p deletion, and 39.2% TP53 mutations; 63.3% displayed a cumulative illness rating scale (CIRS) > 6. The overall response rate on ibrutinib, computed in 74/79 patients (5 patients excluded for early withdrawal), was 89.9%. After a median follow‐up of 28.9 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 42.5 and 51.8 months, respectively. CIRS>6 and temporary discontinuation of ibrutinib lasting for 7–30 days were the only parameters associated with a significantly shorter PFS and were both relevant in predicting a shorter PFS compared to patients with CIRS≤6 and therapy discontinuation ≤7 days. The most common grade≥3 adverse events were infections (25.5%), neutropenia (10.1%), and anemia (2.5%). Eighteen patients (22.8%) experienced a cardiovascular event, including grade‐2 atrial fibrillation (n = 9; 11%), grade‐2 hypertension (n = 5; 6%), heart failure (n = 3; 3%), and acute coronary syndrome (n = 1; 1%). Mild bleeding events were observed in 27 patients (34.2%). Ibrutinib was permanently discontinued in 26 patients due to progressive disease (n = 11, including 5 Richter's syndromes), secondary malignancies (n = 6), infections (n = 3), cardiac failure (n = 3), severe bleeding (n = 2), and sudden death (n = 1). In conclusion, our analyses confirmed the overall effectiveness and favorable safety profile of the ibrutinib‐single agent therapeutic approach in CLL patients ≥80 years.
HNRNPA2B1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinogenesis via m6A‐dependent stabilization of FOXQ1 mRNA stability
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhi Min , Zhao Wei , Deng Jiayin
Published: January 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as a common type of oral malignancy, has an unclear pathogenesis. N6 methyladenosine (m6A) is a reversible and dynamic process that participates in the modulation of cancer pathogenesis and development. As an m6A recognition protein (reader), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) show abnormally high expression in cancers. Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1), an oncogenic transcription factor, controls multiple biological processes (e.g., embryonic development, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, impacting the initiation and progression of cancers by mediating signaling pathways together with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition). Through the Cancer Genome Atlas database screening along with clinical and laboratory experiments, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we found a correlation between HNRNPA2B1 and FOXQ1 gene expression, with shared m6A motifs between HNRNPA2B1 and FOXQ1 mRNA sequences. Silencing or overexpression of HNRNPA2B1 in OSCC cells affected the malignant phenotypes of OSCC cells in vitro, and depletion of HNRNPA2B1 retarded tumor growth in vivo. HNRNPA2B1 could bind to m6A‐modified FOXQ1 mRNA to enhance its mRNA stability, resulting in up‐regulation of FOXQ1 protein expression. To conclude, HNRNPA2B1 was upregulated in OSCC and enhanced OSCC cell malignant phenotypes by stabilizing m6A‐modified FOXQ1 mRNA, eventually aggravating the malignancy and tumorigenicity of OSCC. This study accelerates the recognition of the potency of m6A modification in OSCC and paves the path for OSCC's targeted diagnosis and therapy.
Transdiagnostic effects of therapist self‐disclosure on diverse emotional experiences of clients with emotional disorders and schizophrenia
Authors: Alfi‐Yogev Tal , Kivity Yogev , Atzil‐Slonim Dana , Paz Adar , Igra Libby , Lavi‐Rotenberg Adi , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit
Published: January 2024

Objective

Despite the clinical significance of emotional diversity, also known as emodiversity, there has been limited investigation into the therapeutic interventions that influence this construct. In the current study we examined the association between immediate therapist self‐disclosure (TSD) and emodiversity among two diagnostic groups who tend to experience emotional difficulties: people with schizophrenia and people with emotional disorders (i.e., depression and/or anxiety).

Method

The sample comprised 74 clients (37 diagnosed with schizophrenia and 37 with emotional disorders) treated by 45 therapists in a university clinic setting. Following each session, clients self‐reported their emotions, and therapists completed a measure of frequency and centrality of their immediate TSD during the session.

Results

Longitudinal multilevel models indicated that immediate TSD was positively associated with clients' global emodiversity, both at the within‐ and the between‐client levels, as well as with clients' negative emodiversity at the between‐client level. Moreover, clients with emotional disorders and clients with schizophrenia did not differ in the association between immediate TSD and emodiversity. In addition, across groups, clients treated by therapists who used more immediate TSD on average showed greater increases in global emodiversity during treatment.

Conclusions

immediate TSD is associated with clients' ability to experience rich and diverse emotional experiences across different disorders. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Analysis of complete hydatidiform mole in one twin using traditional and molecular techniques
Authors: Wang Lijing , Hu Haiyan , Wang Xue , Xu Fengsen , Zhang Hongxia
Published: January 2024

A pregnant woman with hydatidiform mole in one twin was misdiagnosed as one of the twins with embryonic arrest. She chose to terminate the pregnancy and developed distant lung metastasis. After chemotherapy, she eventually recovered. This article systematically analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of hydatidiform mole in one twin to increase the awareness and reduce misdiagnosis of the disease.