bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder with Transcriptomic Signatures Derived from Morphometric Similarity Networks
Authors: Jiang Hongxiu , Rodriguez-Cruces Raul , Xie Ke , Kebets Valeria , Wang Yezhou , Weber Clara F. , He Ying , Kember Jonah , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Bzdok Danilo , Hong Seok-Jun , Bernhardt Boris , Chai Xiaoqian
Published: September 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous studies have attempted to identify ASD subgroups by analyzing isolated cortical structural features. However, these studies have not considered the relationship between multiple structural features, which provide information on the structural organization of the brain. Morphometric similarity network (MSN), a structural brain network contributed by multiple anatomical features (gray matter volume, mean cortical thickness, surface area, mean curvature, Gaussian curvature, curvature index, and fold index), strongly relates to cytoarchitectonic and genomic measures of histological similarity between cortical areas. We applied K-means clustering on MSN from 236 individuals with ASD and identified three subtypes. Subtype-1 showed relatively similar MSN values with typically developmental individuals (TD). Subtype-2 showed higher morphometric similarities in the lateral frontal and temporal cortical regions and lower in anterior prefrontal and occipital regions compared to TD. These patterns were the opposite in subtype-3. Behaviorally, subtype-3 had more severe verbal and social deficits compared to subtype-2. The weaker resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between the language and salience networks was observed between subtype-2 and TD. Subtype-3 had stronger rs-FC between salience and default mode networks (DMN), between frontoparietal and visual networks, and between language and dorsal attention networks, while weaker rs-FC within DMN, within sensorimotor, and within salience networks. In addition, genes with expression patterns associated with regional MS changes in ASD subtypes were functionally enriched in neuron-specific biological processes related to nervous system development, synaptic signaling and chromatin organization. These genes were particularly enriched in GABAergic neurons, glutamatergic neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Taken together, our findings suggest the existence of different neuroanatomical subtypes based on multiple anatomical features in ASD with distinct transcriptomic signatures and functional connectome patterns.
Adipocyte-specific deletion of Dbc1 does not recapitulate healthy obesity phenotype but suggests regulation of inflammation signaling
Authors: Santos Leonardo , Fort Rafael Sebastián , Schlapp Geraldine , Cal Karina , Perez-Torrado Valentina , Meikle Maria Noel , Mulet Ana Paula , Sotelo-Silveira José R. , Verdes Jose M , Contreras Paola , Calliari Aldo J. , Crispo Martina , Badano Jose L. , Escande Carlos
Published: September 2024

The protein Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1), a regulator of several transcription factors and epigenetic modulators, plays determinant roles in metabolism regulation, obesity and aging-related processes. Knockout mice for Dbc1, develop morbid obesity but are protected against liver steatosis, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We have proposed that this healthy obesity phenotype was mainly due to the expansion of adipose tissue, avoiding free-fatty acid spillover and metabolic damage in peripheral tissues. To gain more insight about the role of Dbc1 in adipose cells during obesity and its impact on metabolic dysregulation, we generated a conditionalDbc1KO mouse and backcrossed it withCRE-AdipoQtransgenic mice, aiming to abrogate Dbc1 expression in all mature adipocytes (cAT-Dbc1). cAT-Dbc1 mice showed deletion of Dbc1 specifically in mature adipocytes in different fat depots. We tested the effect of Dbc1 deletion in adipocytes on different aspects of metabolic regulation in male and female mice fed in normal chow and high-fat diets. We found that deletion of Dbc1 in mature adipocytes had no effect on weight gain, glucose tolerance and other markers of metabolic dysregulation, regardless sex. However, Dbc1 KO adipocytes displayed an mRNA expression profile consistent with increased inflammation during obesity. Our results suggest that the healthy phenotype displayed in the whole body Dbc1 KO obese mice is not due to the protein function in mature adipocytes and might involve other cell types present in adipose tissue. Instead, the specific deletion of Dbc1 in mature adipocytes highlights a novel role of Dbc1 in inflammation signaling during obesity.
β2-Adrenergic Biased Agonist Nebivolol Inhibits the Development of Th17 and the Response of Memory Th17 Cells in an NF-κB-Dependent Manner
Authors: Hajiaghayi Mehri , Gholizadeh Fatemeh , Han Eric , Little Samuel R. , Rahbari Niloufar , Ardila Isabella , Naranjo Carolina Lopez , Tehranimeh Kasra , Shih Steve C.C. , Darlington Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Adrenergic receptors regulate metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological functions in response to the sympathetic nervous system. The effect of β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) as a high-expression receptor on different subpopulations of T cells is complex and varies depending on the type of ligand and context. While traditional β2-AR agonists generally suppress T cells, they potentially enhance IL-17A production by Th17 cells. The effects of pharmacological drugs that count as biased agonists of AR like nebivolol are not completely understood. We investigated the impact of nebivolol on human memory CD4+ T (Th1, Th2, Th17) cells and polarized naïve Th17 cells highlighting its potential for IL-17A suppression via a non-canonical β2AR cell-signaling pathway.

Methods

The effects of nebivolol were tested on healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, purified memory Th cells, and polarized naïve Th17 cells activated with antiCD3/antiCD28/antiCD2 ImmunoCult reagent. IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A which are primarily derived from Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells respectively, were quantified by ELISA and flow cytometry. IL-10 was measured by ELISA. Gene expression of RORC, ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3 was evaluated by qPCR. The ADRB2 gene was knocked out in memory Th cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Protein expression of phosphorylated-serine133-CREB and phosphorylated-NF-κB p65 was assessed by Western blot. Proliferation was assessed by fluorescent dye loading and flow cytometry.

Results

Nebivolol treatment decreased IL-17A and IFN-γ secretion by activated-memory Th cells and elevated IL-4 levels. Nebivolol reduced the proportion of IL-17A+ Th cells and downregulated RORC expression. Unlike the β2-AR agonist terbutaline, nebivolol inhibited the shift of naïve CD4+ T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. IL-10 and proliferation index remained unchanged. Nebivolol-treated β2-knockout memory Th cells showed significant inhibition of β2AR-mediated signaling, evidenced by the absence of IL-17A suppression compared to controls. Phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit was inhibited by nebivolol, but CREB phosphorylation was not changed, suggesting a selective transcriptional control.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that nebivolol acts through a β2-AR-mediated signaling pathway, as a distinctive anti-inflammatory agent capable of selectively shifting Th17 cells and suppressing phosphorylation of NF-κB. This highlights nebivolol’s potential for therapeutic interventions in chronic autoimmune conditions with elevated IL-17A levels.
Estimating adequate contact rates and time of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus introduction into individual United States commercial poultry flocks during the 2022/24 epizootic
Authors: Ssematimba Amos , Malladi Sasidhar , Bonney Peter J. , St. Charles Kaitlyn M. , Hutchinson Holden C. , Schoenbaum Melissa , Marusak Rosemary , Culhane Marie R. , Cardona Carol J.
Published: September 2024

Following confirmation of the first case of the ongoing U.S. HPAI H5N1 epizootic in commercial poultry on February 8, 2022, the virus has continued to devastate the U.S. poultry sector and the pathogen has since managed to cross over to livestock and a few human cases have also been reported. Efficient outbreak management benefits greatly from timely detection and proper identification of the pathways of virus introduction and spread.

In this study, using changes in mortality rates as a proxy for HPAI incidence in a layer, broiler and turkey flock, mathematical modeling techniques, specifically the Approximate Bayesian Computation algorithm in conjunction with a stochastic within-flock HPAI transmission model, were used to estimate the time window of pathogen introduction into the flock (TOI) and adequate contact rate (ACR) based on the daily mortality and diagnostic test results. The estimated TOI was then used together with the day when the first positive sample was collected to calculate the most likely time to first positive sample (MTFPS) which reflects the time to HPAI detection in the flock.

The estimated joint (i.e., all species combined) median of the MTFPS for different flocks was six days, the joint median most likely ACR was 6.8 newly infected birds per infectious bird per day, the joint medianR0was 13 and the joint median number of test days per flock was two. These results were also grouped by species and by epidemic phase and discussed accordingly.

We conclude that findings from this and related studies are beneficial for the different stakeholders in outbreak management and combining TOI analysis with complementary approaches such as phylogenetic analyses is critically important for improved understanding of disease transmission pathways. The estimated parameters can also inform models used for surveillance design, risk analysis, and emergency preparedness.
Distinct modes of coupling between VCP, an essential unfoldase, and deubiquitinases
Authors: Vostal Lauren E. , Dahan Noa E. , Zhang Wenzhu , Reynolds Matthew J. , Chait Brian T. , Kapoor Tarun M.
Published: September 2024

Errors in proteostasis, which requires regulated degradation and recycling of diverse proteins, are linked to aging, cancer and neurodegenerative disease (1). In particular, recycling proteins from multiprotein complexes, organelles and membranes is initiated by ubiquitylation, extraction and unfolding by the essential mechanoenzyme VCP (2–4), and ubiquitin removal by deubiquitinases (DUBs), a class of ∼100 ubiquitin-specific proteases in humans (5, 6). As VCP’s substrate recognition requires ubiquitylation, the removal of ubiquitins from substrates for recycling must follow extraction and unfolding. How the activities of VCP and different DUBs are coordinated for protein recycling or other fates is unclear. Here, we employ a photochemistry-based approach to profile proteome-wide domain-specific VCP interactions in living cells (7). We identify DUBs that bind near the entry, exit, or both sites of VCP’s central pore, the channel for ATP-dependent substrate translocation (8–10). From this set of DUBs, we focus on VCPIP1, required for organelle assembly and DNA repair (11–13), that our chemical proteomics workflow indicates binds the central pore’s entry and exit sites. We determine a ∼3Å cryo-EM structure of the VCP-VCPIP1 complex and find up to 3 VCPIP1 protomers interact with the VCP hexamer. VCPIP1’s UBX-L domain binds VCP’s N-domain in a ‘down’ conformation, linked to VCP’s ADP-bound state (2, 14), and the deubiquitinase domain is positioned at the central pore’s exit site, poised to remove ubiquitin following substrate unfolding. We find that VCP stimulates VCPIP1’s DUB activity and use mutagenesis and single-molecule mass photometry assays to test the structural model. Together, our data suggest that DUBs bind VCP at distinct sites and reveal how the two enzyme activities can be coordinated to achieve specific downstream outcomes for ubiquitylated proteins.
Collaborative forecasting of influenza-like illness in Italy: the Influcast experience
Authors: Fiandrino Stefania , Bizzotto Andrea , Guzzetta Giorgio , Merler Stefano , Baldo Federico , Valdano Eugenio , Mateo Urdiales Alberto , Bella Antonino , Celino Francesco , Zino Lorenzo , Rizzo Alessandro , Li Yuhan , Perra Nicola , Gioannini Corrado , Milano Paolo , Paolotti Daniela , Quaggiotto Marco , Rossi Luca , Vismara Ivan , Vespignani Alessandro , Gozzi Nicolò
Published: September 2024

Collaborative hubs that integrate multiple teams to generate ensemble projections and forecasts for shared targets are now regarded as state-of-the-art in epidemic predictive modeling. In this paper, we introduce Influcast, Italy’s first epidemic forecasting hub for influenza-like illness. During the 2023/2024 winter season, Influcast provided 20 rounds of forecasts, involving five teams and eight models to predict influenza-like illness incidence up to four weeks in advance at the national and regional administrative level. The individual forecasts were synthesized into an ensemble and bench-marked against a baseline model. The ensemble forecasts consistently outperformed both individual models and baseline forecasts, demonstrating superior accuracy at national and sub-national levels across various metrics. Despite a decline in absolute performance over longer horizons, the ensemble model outperformed the baseline in all considered time frames. These findings underscore the importance of multimodel forecasting hubs in producing consistent short-term influenza-like illnesses forecasts that can inform public health preparedness and mitigation strategies.
A Nerve-Fibroblast Axis in Mammalian Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Ishikawa Genta , Peng Xueyan , Ghincea Alexander , McGovern John , Zielonka Jana , Jeevanandam Advait , Shao Shuai , Woo Samuel , Okuno Daisuke , Yu Sheeline , Lee Chris J. , Liu Angela , Saber Tina , Hu Buqu , Sun Ying , Gao Ruijuan , Jumaily Karam Al , Homer Robert , Hinchcliff Monique , Feghali-Bostwick Carol , Sumida Tomokazu S. , Sauler Maor , Gomez Jose L. , Sun Huanxing , Ryu Changwan , Herzog Erica L.
Published: September 2024

Fibrosis contributes to incurable pathologies in vital organs including the lung. Myofibroblasts are fibrogenic effector cells that accumulate via incompletely understood mechanisms. We discovered that α1-adrenoreceptor expressing myofibroblasts receive sympathetic nerve-derived noradrenergic inputs in fibrotic mouse and human lungs. We combined optical clearing, whole lung imaging, cell-specific gene deletion in sympathetic nerves and myofibroblasts, pharmacologic interventions, sympathetic nerve co-culture and precision-cut lung slices, with analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues, single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, and isolated lung fibroblasts from patients with diverse forms of pulmonary fibrosis to characterize a fibrogenic unit comprised of aberrantly patterned sympathetic nerves and α1-adrenoreceptor subtype D expressing myofibroblasts. The discovery of this previously undefined nerve-fibroblast axis that is conserved across species demonstrates the pivotal contribution of nerves to tissue remodeling and heralds a novel paradigm in fibrosis research.
Three-dimensional analysis of mitochondria in a patient-derived xenograft model of triple negative breast cancer reveals mitochondrial network remodeling following chemotherapy treatments
Authors: Berner Mariah J. , Beasley Heather K. , Vue Zer , Lane Audra , Vang Larry , Baek Mokryun L. , Marshall Andrea G. , Killion Mason , Zeleke Faben , Shao Bryanna , Parker Dominque , Peterson Autumn , Rhoades Julie Sterling , Scudese Estevão , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Lewis Michael T. , Hinton Antentor , Echeverria Gloria V.
Published: September 2024

Mitochondria are hubs of metabolism and signaling and play an important role in tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in many cancer types. Various laboratory models of cancer demonstrate the extraordinary dynamics of mitochondrial structure, but little is known about the role of mitochondrial structure in resistance to anticancer therapy. We previously demonstrated the importance of mitochondrial structure and oxidative phosphorylation in the survival of chemotherapy-refractory triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. As TNBC is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype with few targeted therapy options, conventional chemotherapies remain the backbone of early TNBC treatment. Unfortunately, approximately 45% of TNBC patients retain substantial residual tumor burden following chemotherapy, associated with abysmal prognoses. Using an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft mouse model of human TNBC, we compared mitochondrial structures between treatment-naïve tumors and residual tumors after conventional chemotherapeutics were administered singly or in combination. We reconstructed 1,750 mitochondria in three dimensions from serial block-face scanning electron micrographs, providing unprecedented insights into the complexity and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of mitochondria in TNBC. Following exposure to carboplatin or docetaxel given individually, residual tumor mitochondria exhibited significant increases in mitochondrial complexity index, area, volume, perimeter, width, and length relative to treatment-naïve tumor mitochondria. In contrast, residual tumors exposed to those chemotherapies given in combination exhibited diminished mitochondrial structure changes. Further, we document extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity of mitochondrial structure, especially prior to chemotherapeutic exposure. These results highlight the potential for structure-based monitoring of chemotherapeutic responses and reveal potential molecular mechanisms that underlie chemotherapeutic resistance in TNBC.
Interaction with AK2A links AIFM1 to cellular energy metabolism
Authors: Rothemann Robin Alexander , Pavlenko Egor , Mondal Mrityunjoy , Gerlich Sarah , Grobushkin Pavel , Mostert Sebastian , Racho Julia , Weiss Konstantin , Stobbe Dylan , Stillger Katharina , Lapacz Kim , Salscheider Silja Lucia , Petrungaro Carmelina , Ehninger Dan , Nguyen Thi Hoang Duong , Dengjel Jörn , Neundorf Ines , Bano Daniele , Pöpsel Simon , Riemer Jan
Published: September 2024

Apoptosis inducing factor 1 (AIFM1) is a flavoprotein essential for mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Its interaction with MIA40, the central component of the mitochondrial disulfide relay, accounts for some, but not all effects of AIFM1 loss. Our high-confidence AIFM1 interactome revealed novel interaction partners of AIFM1. For one of these interactors, adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), an essential enzyme maintaining cellular adenine nucleotide pools, AIFM1 binding specifically stabilized the isoform AK2A via interaction with its C-terminus. High resolution cryo-EM and biochemical analyses showed that both, MIA40 and AK2A bind AIFM1’s C-terminal β-strand, enhancing NADH oxidoreductase activity by locking an active, dimer conformation and, in the case of MIA40, affecting the cofactor binding site. The AIFM1-AK2A interaction is crucial during respiratory conditions. We further identified ADP/ATP translocases and the ATP synthase as AIFM1 interactors, emphasizing its important regulatory role as a central, organizing platform in energy metabolism.
Rho-ROCK liberates sequestered claudin for rapid de novo tight junction formation
Authors: Cho Yuma , Taniguchi Akari , Kubo Akiharu , Ikenouchi Junichi
Published: September 2024

The epithelial cell sheet maintains its integrity as a barrier while undergoing turnover of constituent cells. To sustain the barrier continuously, it's essential to preserve the 'old' tight junctions (TJs) between cells being excluded from the sheet and their neighbors while simultaneously formingde novoTJs between newly adjacent cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation ofde novoTJs remain largely unknown. This study investigates two scenarios: the formation ofde novoTJs during the removal of apoptotic cells from monolayer epithelial sheets and during the differentiation of the granular layer in stratified epidermis. We revealed that rapid claudin assembly is achieved by actively regulating the dissociation of the EpCAM/TROP2-claudin complex in both situations. Furthermore, we found that the Rho-ROCK pathway initiates the activation of matriptase, which cleaves EpCAM/TROP2, resulting in the supply of polymerizable claudin from the stockpiled EpCAM/TROP2-claudin complex at the plasma membrane to induce rapidde novoTJ formation.
Redistribution of ancestral functions underlies the evolution of venom production in marine predatory snails
Authors: Zancolli Giulia , Modica Maria Vittoria , Puillandre Nicolas , Kantor Yuri , Barua Agneesh , Campli Giulia , Robinson-Rechavi Marc
Published: September 2024

Venom-secreting glands are highly specialised organs evolved throughout the entire animal kingdom to synthetise and secrete toxins for predation and defence. Venom is extensively studied for its toxin components and application potential; yet, how animals become venomous remains poorly understood. Venom systems therefore offer a unique opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying functional innovation. Here, we conducted a multi-species multi-tissue comparative transcriptomics analysis of 12 marine predatory gastropods, including species with venom glands and species with homologous non-venom producing glands, to examine how specialised functions evolve through gene expression changes. We found that while the venom gland specialised for the mass production of toxins, its homologous glands retained the ancestral digestive functions. The functional divergence and specialisation of the venom gland was achieved through a redistribution of its ancestral digestive functions to other organs, specifically the oesophagus. This entailed concerted expression changes and accelerated transcriptome evolution across the entire digestive system. The increase in venom gland secretory capacity was achieved through the modulation of an ancient secretory machinery, particularly genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. This study shifts the focus from the well-explored evolution of toxins to the lesser-known evolution of the organ and mechanisms responsible for venom production. As such, it contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying organ evolution at a fine evolutionary scale, highlighting the specific events that lead to functional divergence.
Mycobacterial Topoisomerase I Energetically Suffers From C-Terminal Deletions
Authors: Balthrop Dillon , Sigdel Deepesh , Mao Chunfeng , Tse-Dinh Yuk-Ching , Mills Maria
Published: September 2024

Type IA topoisomerases relieve torsional stress in DNA by a strand-passage mechanism, using the strain in the DNA to drive relaxation. The topoisomerase IAs of the Mycobacterium genus have distinct C-terminal domains which are crucial for successful strand-passage. We used single-molecule magnetic tweezers to observe supercoil relaxation by wild typeMycobacterium smegmatistopoisomerase IA and two C-terminal truncation mutants. We recorded distinct behaviors from each truncation mutant. We calculated the free energy stored in the DNA as it is twisted under force to examine the differences between the proteins. Based on our results, we propose a modified model of the strand-passage cycle.
Human pulmonary neuroendocrine cells respond to House dust mite extract with PAR-1 dependent release of CGRP
Authors: Mann-Nuttel Ritu , Mandal Shivani , Armbruster Marie , Puttagunta Lakshmi , Forsythe Paul
Published: September 2024

Background: Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are rare airway epithelial cells that have recently gained attention as potential amplifiers of allergic asthma. However, studying PNEC function in humans has been challenging due to a lack of cell isolation methods and little is known about human PNEC function in response to asthma relevant stimuli. Here we developed and characterized an in vitro human PNEC model and investigated the neuroendocrine response to extracts of the common aeroallergen house dust-mite. (HDM). Methods: PNEC enriched cultures were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPNEC) and primary bronchial epithelial cells (ePNEC). Characterized PNEC cultures were exposed to HDM extract, a volatile chemical odorant (Bergamot oil), or the bacterial membrane component, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neuroendocrine gene expression and neuropeptide release determined. Results: Both iPNEC and ePNEC models demonstrated similar baseline neuroendocrine characteristics and a stimuli specific modulation of gene expression. Most notably, exposure to HDM but not Bergamot oil or LPS, lead to dose dependent induction of the CGRP encoding gene, CALCB, and corresponding release of the neuropeptide. HDM induced CALCB expression and CGRP release could be inhibited by a protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist or protease inhibitors and was mimicked by a PAR1 agonist. Conclusions: We have characterized a novel model of PNEC enriched human airway epithelium and utilized this model to demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for human PNEC in mediating a direct neuroendocrine response to aeroallergen exposure and highlighting CGRP production by these cells as a potential therapeutic target in allergic asthma.
Distributional learning drives statistical suppression and deafening
Authors: Luthra Sahil , Luor Austin , Tierney Adam T. , Dick Frederic , Holt Lori L.
Published: September 2024

Humans and other animals use information about how likely it is for something to happen. The absolute and relative probability of an event influences a remarkable breadth of behaviors, from foraging for food to comprehending linguistic constructions -- even when these probabilities are learned implicitly. It is less clear how, and under what circumstances, statistical learning of simple probabilities might drive changes in perception and cognition. Here, across a series of 29 experiments, we probe listeners’ sensitivity to task-irrelevant changes in the probability distribution of tones’ acoustic frequency across tone-in-noise detection and tone duration decisions. We observe that the task-irrelevant frequency distribution influences the ability to detect a sound and the speed with which perceptual decisions are made. The shape of the probability distribution, its range, and a tone’s relative position within that range impact observed patterns of suppression and enhancement of tone detection and decision making. Perceptual decisions are also modulated by a newly discovered perceptual bias, with lower frequencies in the distribution more often and more rapidly perceived as longer, and higher frequencies as shorter. Perception is sensitive to rapid distribution changes, but distributional learning from previous probability distributions also carries over. In fact, massed exposure to a single point along the dimension results in a sustained ’statistical deafening’ along a range of subsequently encountered frequencies. This seemingly maladaptive loss of sensitivity - occurring entirely in the absence of feedback or reward - points to a gain mechanism that suppresses sensitivity to regions along a perceptual dimension that are less likely to be encountered.

Significance Statement

Organisms as diverse as honeybees and humans pick up on probabilities in the world around them. People implicitly learn the likelihood of a color, price range, or even syntactic structure. How does statistical learning affect how we detect events and make decisions, especially when probabilities are completely irrelevant to the task at hand, and can change without warning? We find that people learn and track changes in perceptual probabilities irrelevant to a task and that this learning drives dynamic shifts in perception characterized by graded effects of enhancement – and primarily – suppression across acoustic frequency. This can result in a remarkably long- lived ’statistical deafening’ that seems maladaptive but may instead reflect use of likelihood to guide and sharpen perception.
Dependence of high-harmonic generation in twisted bilayer graphene on laser pulse ellipticity
Authors: Mrudul M. S.
Published: September 2024

The ellipticity of a laser pulse offers a control knob to tune the efficiency and polarization of emitted higher-order harmonics. In this paper, we systematically investigate the ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation in various bilayer graphene systems, such as AA-stacked, AB-stacked, and twisted bilayer graphene. We demonstrate how the underlying symmetries and electronic band structures of different bilayer systems distinctly contribute to the characteristics of ellipticity dependence, such as elliptical enhancement and elliptical dichroism. Additionally, we showcase a unique applicability of high-harmonic spectroscopy as a tool for identifying stacking faults in bilayer graphene systems. Our findings offer valuable insights into the nonlinear optical interactions of twisted bilayer graphene with different twist angles.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Purely leptonic decays of heavy-flavored charged mesons
Authors: Dash Kalpalata , Dash P. C. , Panda R. N. , Kar Susmita , Barik N.
Published: September 2024

We study the purely leptonic decays of heavy-flavored charged pseudoscalar (P) and vector (V) mesons (D(s)(*)+, B(c)(*)+) in the relativistic independent quark (RIQ) model based on an average flavor-independent confining potential in an equally mixed scalar-vector harmonic form. We first compute the mass spectra of the ground-state-mesons and fix the model parameters necessary for the present analysis. Using the meson wave functions derivable in the RIQ model, and model parameters so fixed from hadron spectroscopy, we predict the decay constants: fP(V), ratios of decay constants: fV/fP, fP1/fP2, fV1/fV2, and the branching fractions (BFs): B(P(V)→l+νl), l=e, μ, τ, which agree with the available experimental data and other Standard Model (SM) predictions. For the unmeasured decay constants, especially in the purely leptonic decays of the charged vector mesons, our predictions could be tested in the upcoming Belle-II, SCTF, CEPC, FCC-ee, and LHCb experiments in the near future.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
W
-boson pair production at lepton colliders in the Feynman-diagram gauge
Authors: Furusato Hiroyuki , Mawatari Kentarou , Suzuki Yutaro , Zheng Ya-Juan
Published: September 2024

We calculate helicity amplitudes for e−e+→W−W+ analytically in the Feynman-diagram (FD) gauge. We show that, unlike in the unitary gauge, there is no energy growth of the individual Feynman amplitudes for the longitudinally polarized bosons, and the contributions from the associated Goldstone bosons are manifest even without taking the high-energy limit. We also find that the physical distributions can be interpreted by the individual amplitudes in the FD gauge.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Photoproduction of fully charmed tetraquark at electron-ion colliders
Authors: Feng Feng , Huang Yingsheng , Jia Yu , Sang Wen-Long , Yang De-Shan , Zhang Jia-Yue
Published: September 2024

In this work, we investigate the inclusive photoproduction of the C-odd, S-wave fully charmed tetraquark at electron-ion colliders within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework, at the lowest order in velocity and αs. The value of the NRQCD long-distance matrix element is estimated from two phenomenological potential models. Our studies reveal that the photoproduction of the 1+− fully charmed tetraquark may be difficult to observe at HERA and the EicC; nevertheless, its observation prospects at the EIC appear to be bright.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
b¯c
susceptibilities from fully relativistic lattice QCD
Authors: Harrison Judd
Published: September 2024

We compute the h¯c (pseudo)scalar, (axial-)vector and (axial-)tensor susceptibilities as a function of u=mc/mh between u=mc/mb and u=0.8 using fully relativistic lattice QCD, employing nonperturbative current renormalization and using the second generation 2+1+1 MILC HISQ gluon field configurations. We include ensembles with a≈0.09, 0.06, 0.045, and 0.033 fm and we are able to reach the physical b-quark on the two finest ensembles. At the physical mh=mb point we find m¯b2χ1+=0.720(34)×10−2, m¯b2χ1−=1.161(54)×10−2, χ0−=2.374(33)×10−2, and χ0+=0.609(14)×10−2. Our results for the (pseudo)scalar, vector, and axial vector are compatible with the expected small size of nonperturbative effects at u=mc/mb. We also give the first nonperturbative determination of the tensor susceptibilities, finding m¯b2χT=0.891(44)×10−2 and m¯b2χAT=0.441(33)×10−2. Our value of m¯b2χAT is in good agreement with the O(αs) perturbation theory, while our result for m¯b2χT is in tension with the O(αs) perturbation theory at the level of 2σ. These results will allow for dispersively bounded parametrizations to be employed using lattice inputs for the full set of h→c semileptonic form factors in future calculations, for heavy-quark masses in the range 1.25×mc≤mh≤mb.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Deep inelastic scattering in the capture of dark matter by neutron stars
Authors: Su Liangliang , Wu Lei , Yang Meiwen
Published: September 2024

Because of the dense environment, neutron stars (NSs) can serve as an ideal laboratory for studying the interactions between dark matter (DM) and ordinary matter. In the process of DM capture, deep inelastic scattering may dominate over elastic scattering, especially for the DM with a large momentum transfer. In this work, we calculate DM-nucleon deep inelastic scattering via a vector mediator and estimate its contribution to the capture rate. Using the surface temperature of the NSs, we derive the exclusion limits for the DM-nucleon scattering cross section in the mass range 1  GeV<mχ<105  GeV. We find the bounds for DM with the mass ≳1  GeV can be changed several times after including the deep inelastic scattering contribution.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Interpretation of excess in
H→Zγ
using a light axionlike particle
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Ouseph C. J.
Published: September 2024

We interpret the recent excess in a rare decay of the Higgs boson, H→Zγ, using a light axionlike particle (ALP) in the mass range 0.05–0.1 GeV. The dominant decay of such a light ALP is into a pair of collimated photons, whose decay is required to happen before reaching the ECAL detector, such that it mimics a single photon in the detector. It can explain the excess with a coupling CaZHeff/Λ∼4×10−5  GeV−1, while the decay of the ALP before reaching the ECAL requires the diphoton coupling Cγγeff/Λ≥0.35  TeV−1(0.1  GeV/ma)2. A potential test would be the rare decay of the Z boson Z→aH*→a(bb¯) at the Tera-Z option of the future FCC and CEPC. However, it has a branching ratio of only O(10−12), and thus barely testable. The production cross section for pp→Z*→aH via the same coupling CaZHeff/Λ at the LHC is too small for detection.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Resonant multiscalar production in the generic complex singlet model in the multi-TeV region
Authors: Lane Samuel D. , Lewis Ian M. , Sullivan Matthew
Published: September 2024

We develop benchmarks for resonant discalar production in the generic complex singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model (SM) with no additional symmetries, which contains two new scalars. These benchmarks maximize discalar resonant production modes at future pp colliders: pp→h2→h1h1, pp→h2→h1h3, and pp→h2→h3h3, where h1 is the observed SM-like Higgs boson and h2,3 are new scalars. The decays h2→h1h3 and h2→h3h3 may be the only way to discover h3, leading to a discovery of two new scalars at once. Current LHC and projected future collider (HL-LHC, FCC-ee+HL-LHC, ILC500+HL-LHC) constraints on this model are used to produce benchmarks at the HL-LHC for h2 masses between 250 GeV and 1 TeV and a future pp collider (FCC-hh) for h2 masses between 250 GeV and 12 TeV. We update the current LHC bounds on the singlet-Higgs boson mixing angle for these benchmarks. As the mass of h2 approaches the multi-TeV region, certain limiting behaviors of the maximum rates are uncovered due to theoretical constraints on the parameters. These limits, which can be derived analytically, are BR(h2→h1h1)→0.25, BR(h2→h3h3)→0.5, and BR(h2→h1h3)→0. It can also be shown that the maximum rates of pp→h2→h1h1 and pp→h2→h3h3 approach the same value. Hence, all three h2→hihj decays are promising discovery modes for h2 masses at and below O(1  TeV), while above O(1  TeV) the decays h2→h1h1 and h2→h3h3 are more encouraging. We choose benchmark masses for h3 to produce a large range of decay signatures including multi-b, multivector boson, and multi-SM-like Higgs production. As we will show, the behavior of the maximum rates leads to the surprising conclusion that in the multi-TeV region this model may be discovered in the Higgs quartet production mode via h2→h3h3→4h1 decays before Higgs triple production is observed. The maximum di- and four Higgs production rates are similar in the multi-TeV range.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Properties of charge recombination in liquid argon
Authors: Segreto Ettore
Published: September 2024

Liquid argon is an excellent medium for detecting particles, given its yields and transport properties of light and charge. The technology of liquid argon time projection chambers has reached its full maturity after four decades of continuous developments and is, or will be, used in world class experiments for neutrino and dark matter searches. The collection of ionization charge in these detectors allows to perform a complete tridimensional reconstruction of the tracks of charged particles, calorimetric measurements, particle identification. This work proposes an innovative approach to the problem of charge recombination in liquid argon which moves from a microscopic model and is applied to the cases of low energy electrons, alpha particles, and nuclear recoils. It takes inspiration and expands the recombination models commonly used by the liquid argon community. The model is able to describe precisely several sets of experimental data available in the literature, over wide ranges of electric field strengths and kinetic energies and can be easily extended to other particles.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Differentiable and hardware-accelerated waveforms for gravitational wave data analysis
Authors: Edwards Thomas D. P. , Wong Kaze W. K. , Lam Kelvin K. H. , Coogan Adam , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Isi Maximiliano , Zimmerman Aaron
Published: September 2024

We propose the use of automatic differentiation through the programming framework for accelerating a variety of analysis tasks throughout gravitational wave (GW) science. Firstly, we demonstrate that complete waveforms which cover the inspiral, merger, and ringdown of binary black holes (i.e., IMRPhenomD) can be written in and demonstrate that the serial evaluation speed of the waveform (and its derivative) is similar to the implementation in . Moreover, allows for graphics processing unit–accelerated waveform calls which can be over an order of magnitude faster than serial evaluation on a CPU. We then focus on three applications where efficient and differentiable waveforms are essential. Firstly, we demonstrate how gradient descent can be used to optimize the ∼200 coefficients that are used to calibrate the waveform model. In particular, we demonstrate that the typical with numerical relativity waveforms can be improved by more than 50%. Secondly, we show that Fisher forecasting calculations can be sped up by ∼3–5× (on a CPU) with no loss in accuracy. This increased speed makes Fisher forecasting for a population of events substantially simpler. Finally, we show that gradient-based samplers like Hamiltonian Monte Carlo lead to significantly reduced autocorrelation values when compared to traditional Monte Carlo methods. Since differentiable waveforms have substantial advantages for a variety of tasks throughout GW science, we propose that waveform developers use to build new waveforms moving forward. Our waveform code, , can be found on GitHub website and will continue to be updated with new waveforms as they are implemented.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Noninvertible symmetries in 2D from type IIB string theory
Authors: Yu Xingyang
Published: September 2024

We propose a top-down approach to noninvertible symmetries in two-dimensional quantum field theories and their three-dimensional (3D) associated symmetry topological field theories. We focus on the gauge theory engineered on D1-branes probing a particular Calabi-Yau 4-fold singularity. We show how to derive the symmetry topological field theory, a 3D Dijkgraaf-Witten theory, from the IIB supergravity under dimensional reduction. We also identify branes behind the noninvertible topological lines by dimensionally reducing their world volume actions. The action of noninvertible lines on charged local operators is then realized as the Hanany-Witten transition.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Inhomogeneity effects on earthquake fault events
Authors: Tahir S. , Loulidi M. , Rachadi A.
Published: September 2024

We present a detailed analysis of the dynamical behavior of an inhomogeneous Burridge-Knopoff model, a simplified mechanical model of an earthquake. Regardless of the size of seismic faults, a soil element rarely has a continuous appearance. Instead, their surfaces have complex structures. Thus, the model we suggest keeps the full Newtonian dynamics with inertial effects of the original model, while incorporating the inhomogeneities of seismic fault surfaces in stick-slip friction force that depends on the local structure of the contact surfaces as shown in recent experiments. The numerical results of the proposed model show that the cluster size and the moment distributions of earthquake events are in agreement with the Gutenberg-Richter law without introducing any relaxation mechanism. The exponent of the power-law size distribution we obtain falls within a realistic range of value without fine tuning any parameter. On the other hand, we show that the size distribution of both localized and delocalized events obeys a power law in contrast to the homogeneous case. Thus, no crossover behavior between small and large events occurs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Molecular structure of tris[(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl]amine
Authors: Yan Ran , Dai Zhaohua , Shlian Daniel G. , Mitchell Trinit'y D. , Loo Aaron , Mulosmani Kaltrina , Upmacis Rita K.
Published: September 2024

Coordination compounds of polydentate nitrogen ligands with metals are used extensively in research areas such as catalysis, and as models of complex active sites of enzymes in bioinorganic chemistry. Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) is a tripodal tetradentate ligand that is known to form coordination compounds with metals, including copper, iron and zinc. The related compound, tris[(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl]amine (TPABr3), C18H15Br3N4, which possesses a bromine atom on the 6-position of each of the three pyridyl moieties, is also known but has not been heavily investigated. The molecular structure of TPABr3 as determined by X-ray diffraction is reported here. The TPABr3 molecule belongs to the triclinic, P\overline{1} space group and displays interesting intermolecular Br...Br interactions that provide a stabilizing influence within the molecule.
Driving online course sales by leveraging teacher information
Authors: Shi Yan , Sun Baiqing , Li Ou , Li Chunhong
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Online learning is increasingly popular, and educational platforms provide a wealth of courses. Improving course sales is the key to promoting sustainable development of online course platforms. However, limited research has explored the marketing of online courses. We study how to drive online course sales by leveraging teacher information.

Design/methodology/approach

We performed an empirical study. We collected data through a crawler and image recognition from Tencent classroom.

Findings

Our results show that providing teacher information and profile images helps promote online course sales. However, detailed course descriptions weaken the positive impact of teachers' profile images on online course sales. Furthermore, our study shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between the intensity of smiling in teacher profile photos and online course sales, and teacher descriptions negatively moderate this relationship.

Research limitations/implications

Our study contributes to the research on online course sales and extends the context of the research on smiling as well as the studies of visual and textual information.

Practical implications

The results have practical implications for online course sellers and platforms.

Originality/value

Existing scholarly efforts have explored online courses mainly from an education perspective. More research is needed to advance the understanding of online course sales. Our study advances research in the marketing of online courses.
Empowering rural women through Madhubani painting: a case of Nutan Creations
Authors: Singh Neha , Moid Sana , Rushdi Naela Jamal
Published: September 2024

Learning outcomes

The case study can be used for the course of entrepreneurship and is appropriate for postgraduate students. Discussion would be the most appropriate method for teaching this case study. Through Nutan’s words, students could gain a first-hand glimpse into the transformative journey of a rural woman entrepreneur.
Internal control effectiveness, supply chain management efficiency and capital allocation efficiency: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Arianpoor Arash , Valirouh Milad , Sahin Cumhur
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The present study aims to investigate the impact of internal control effectiveness on supply chain management efficiency (SCME) and capital allocation efficiency for companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In addition, it investigates the mediating role of supply chain management efficiency in the relationship between internal controls and capital allocation efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The data about 191 companies in 2014–2022 were examined. The sales per inventory ratio was used to calculate SCME. The present study also applied the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for endogeneity concerns.

Findings

The results showed that internal control effectiveness has a significant positive effect on SCME. Moreover, internal control effectiveness and SCME significantly positively affect capital allocation efficiency. SCME has a mediating role in the relationship between internal control effectiveness and capital allocation efficiency. These findings remained robust even after several robustness tests. In addition, this study tested the results' robustness by dividing data into the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 years. The previous results were also confirmed according to the robustness test of COVID-19.

Originality/value

Challenges in the supply chain often hinder capital allocation efficiency. In addition, enterprises should try to establish strong internal controls to ensure SCME. Therefore, the relationship between internal control effectiveness, SCME and capital allocation efficiency is complex and underscores the importance of robust internal controls in optimizing resource allocation within organizations. Interestingly, this topic has not been extensively researched in accounting and business research, and there is a lack of empirical evidence on these effects. Consequently, this study aims to fill the gap and identify potential opportunities for new research directions.