bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The force pyramid: a spatial analysis of force application during virtual reality brain tumor resection
Authors: Azarnoush Hamed , Siar Samaneh , Sawaya Robin , Zhrani Gmaan Al , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Alotaibi Fahad Eid , Bugdadi Abdulgadir , Bajunaid Khalid , Marwa Ibrahim , Sabbagh Abdulrahman Jafar , Del Maestro Rolando F.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Virtual reality simulators allow development of novel methods to analyze neurosurgical performance. The concept of a force pyramid is introduced as a Tier 3 metric with the ability to provide visual and spatial analysis of 3D force application by any instrument used during simulated tumor resection. This study was designed to answer 3 questions: 1) Do study groups have distinct force pyramids? 2) Do handedness and ergonomics influence force pyramid structure? 3) Are force pyramids dependent on the visual and haptic characteristics of simulated tumors?

METHODS

Using a virtual reality simulator, NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch), ultrasonic aspirator force application was continually assessed during resection of simulated brain tumors by neurosurgeons, residents, and medical students. The participants performed simulated resections of 18 simulated brain tumors with different visual and haptic characteristics. The raw data, namely, coordinates of the instrument tip as well as contact force values, were collected by the simulator. To provide a visual and qualitative spatial analysis of forces, the authors created a graph, called a force pyramid, representing force sum along the z-coordinate for different xy coordinates of the tool tip.

RESULTS

Sixteen neurosurgeons, 15 residents, and 84 medical students participated in the study. Neurosurgeon, resident and medical student groups displayed easily distinguishable 3D “force pyramid fingerprints.” Neurosurgeons had the lowest force pyramids, indicating application of the lowest forces, followed by resident and medical student groups. Handedness, ergonomics, and visual and haptic tumor characteristics resulted in distinct well-defined 3D force pyramid patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

Force pyramid fingerprints provide 3D spatial assessment displays of instrument force application during simulated tumor resection. Neurosurgeon force utilization and ergonomic data form a basis for understanding and modulating resident force application and improving patient safety during tumor resection.
Hemisacrectomy with preservation of the contralateral sacral nerve roots and sacroiliac joint for pelvic neurofibrosarcoma in a 7-year-old child: case report with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Palejwala Ali H. , Fridley Jared S. , Garcia Krystal , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Khechoyan David , Rednam Surya , Koh Chester J. , Jea Andrew
Published: September 2016

Neurofibrosarcoma is rare in the pediatric age group. A malignant tumor of the sacrum presents significant challenges, especially if the goals are to resect with wide and clean surgical margins and to achieve acceptable functional outcomes. The authors report a case of this rare tumor affecting the sacrum and sacral nerve roots of a 7-year-old girl and review the role of total hemisacrectomy sparing the contralateral sacral nerve roots and lumbopelvic reconstruction in the treatment of this disease. This patient is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the youngest to be treated in this manner.
Prediction based on preoperative opioid use of clinical outcomes after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions
Authors: Villavicencio Alan T. , Nelson E. Lee , Kantha Vinod , Burneikiene Sigita
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Opioid analgesics have become some of the most prescribed drugs in the world, despite the lack of long-term studies evaluating the benefits of opioid medications versus their risks associated with chronic use. In addition, long-term opioid use may be associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative opioid use predicted inferior clinical outcomes among patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disc disease.

METHODS

The authors of this observational study prospectively enrolled 93 patients who underwent 1-level to 2-level TLIFs in 2011–2014; the patient cohort was divided into 2 groups according to preoperative opioid use or no such use. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low-back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index scores, and the scores of the mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to assess pain, disability, and health-related quality of life outcomes, respectively. The clinical scores for the 2 groups were determined preoperatively and at a 12-month follow-up examination.

RESULTS

In total, 60 (64.5%) patients took prescribed opioid medications preoperatively. Compared with those not taking opioids preoperatively, these patients had significantly higher VAS scores for low-back pain (p = 0.016), greater disability (p = 0.013), and lower PCS scores (p = 0.03) at the 12-month follow-up. The postoperative MCS scores were also significantly lower (p = 0.035) in the opioid-use group, but these lower scores were due to significantly lower baseline MCS scores in this group. A linear regression analysis did not detect opioid dose–related effects on leg and back pain, disability, and MCS and PCS scores, suggesting that poorer outcomes are not significantly correlated with higher opioid doses taken by the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of opioid medications to control pain before patients underwent lumbar fusion for degenerative lumbar conditions was associated with less favorable clinical outcomes postoperatively. This is the first study that has demonstrated this association in a homogeneous cohort of patients undergoing TLIF; this association should be studied further to evaluate the conclusions of the present study.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01406405 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Dietary effects of different organic acids on growth and nutrient digestibility of broiler
Authors: Ndelekwute EK , Enyenihi GE , Unah UL , Madu HC
Published: September 2016

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of organic acids (acetic, butyric, citric and formic acids) on growth and nutrient digestibility of broilers. One hundred fifty (150) day old Hubbard chicks were used. There were five dietary treatments such viz Diet 1 as control contained no organic acid, diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 contained 0.25% acetic, butyric, citric and formic acids, respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were given ad libitum. Feeding of organic acid diets lasted for 7 weeks starting from the second week.  At the starter phase, formic acid improved live weight. Feed and water intakes were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by butyric acid.  Feed: gain ratio was improved by formic acid. At the finisher phase, live weight was significantly (P<0.05) improved by the acids except butyric acid. Feed intake, daily gain and feed: gain ratio were not significant (P>0.05). Crude protein and ether extracts digestibility were improved by all the organic acids (P<0.05). It is therefore concluded that 0.25% formic acid could be added to broiler diets.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 10-17
Prevalence of Balantidium coli in cattle and cattle breeders in some regions of Baghdad in Iraq
Authors: Hussin AG , Al-Samarai FR
Published: September 2016

A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in cattle and their breeders and related risk factors including the gender, age and region. A total of 200 cattle faecal samples were collected from different ages, sexes and regions of Baghdad (Hor-rageb, Abu Ghraib, AL-Jaderiya, AL-Makaseb, AL-Dowanem and AL-Hamdaniaa) and 88 breeder faecal samples from AL-Makaseb, AL-Dowanem and AL-Hamdaniaa during the period from November 2014 to May 2015. The results showed that the prevalence of Balantidium coli were 29.50% and 9.09% in cattle and their breeders, respectively. The association between infection and all studied factors was not significant except between infection and regions in cattle which were significant (P<0.01). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that cattle are highly susceptible to balantidiasis irrespective of sex and age.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 30-34
Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter: a Major Nosocomial Pathogen Challenging Physicians
Authors: Tabassum Shahina
Published: September 2016

No Abstract AvailableBangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 65-68
Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
Authors: Zahan Nahida Akther , Hossain Md. Akram , Shamsuzzaman AKM , Musa AKM , Mahamud Md. Chand , Paul Shyamol Kumar , Ahmed Salma , Sumona Asma Azad , Begum Zohra , Alam Mahabubul , Islam Mohammad Jahidul
Published: September 2016

The study was done to detect different exotoxins among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Medicine under the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh between the periods from July, 2006 to June, 2007. A total of 40 S. aureus isolates investigated in this study were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to Oxacillin was carried out by disk diffusion method as per recommendation of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Any isolate showing resistance to Oxacillin was tested again by agar dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Methicillin. All strains were also tested for mecA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for confirmation of Methicillin resistance. Enterotoxin (A-D) and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) were detected by Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) test. Out of 40 S. aureus isolates, 7 (17.5%) Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 1 (2.5%) Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) produced Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SE-A) and 1 MRSA isolate was positive for TSST-1. In case of combined toxin production among the S. aureus isolates, 2 (5%) MSSA were found to produce SE-A and SE-B, 2 (5%) MSSA produced SE-C and SE-D, and 1 (2.5%) MRSA, 1 (2.5%) MSSA produced SE-C and TSST-1.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02): 3-6
Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile at Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Mazed MA , Hussain Anwar , Akter Nasima , Sultan Tipu , Dewanje Arup Kanti
Published: September 2016

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients. Area-specific monitoring studies aimed to gain knowledge about the type of pathogens responsible for UTIs and resistance pattern of the causative agents may help clinicians to choose correct treatment regimen. So, the present study was aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens isolated at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) during January to June, 2007. Out of 360 clinical samples of urine collected, 175 (48.61%) showed significant bacterial growth. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66, 37.71%), Klebsiella species (60, 34.29%), Proteus species (17, 9.71%) and Pseudomonas species (16, 9.14%). Members of the Enterobacteriaceae were 80%-100% sensitive to Imipenem while they were found variably sensitive to other commonly used antibiotics. Pseudomonas species were 100% sensitive to Imipenem, 75% to Amikacin, and 50% to Ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus was found 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, 80% to Gentamicin and Amikacin each, and 55% to Oxacillin. Enterococcus species were 80% sensitive to Imipenem, 60% to Ciprofloxacin, 50% to Vancomycin and Amikacin each. The clinicians should use Imipenem selectively in cases of un-responsiveness to commonly used antibiotics.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02): 17-21
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from an Urban Referral Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman M Mushfequr , Haq J Ashraful , Morshed MAH Golam , Huq Farida
Published: September 2016

The present study was to assess the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria in an urban referral hospital in Dhaka City. A total of 393 bacterial strains were isolated from various specimens over a l0-months period. The majority of the organisms were Escherichia coli Q3.33oh) followed by Klebsiella species (27.480 ), Staphylococcas aureus (l7.Oioh),Lcinetobacter species (8.l4yo), Pseudomonas species (7.l2Yo), and others. The thirdgeneration Cephalosporins Hke Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime were sensitive against 45-66yo isolated Enterobacteriaceae. The first- and second-generation Cephalosporins were less effective. The sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin of various Enterobacteriaceae was only between 33-4Oo compared to 52.8-67.9Vo against Gentamicin. Majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Ampicillin, whereas almost all of the Enterobacteriaceae (94-100%o) were sensitive to Imipenem. Ahont97.UY;s Acinetobacter species were susceptible to Imipenem. Sensitivity of the organism (Acinetobacter) to third-generation Cephalosporins ranged between 50-560 , whereas 40.60/o were found sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Ampicillin ranged between 9.3oh to 34.30 . About 93.0%o of Pseudomonas species were sensitive to Imipenem. The rate of susceptibility to Gentamicin and Netilmicin was higher than those of the Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone (67.80/o and, 53.57o vs, 39.2yo), About 707o of isolated S. aureus were resistant to OxacilHn but all were sensitive to Vancomycin. The result of this study would help the physicians to make a judicious choice of,.anti.biotics for therapeutic purposes.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; O2 (02):7-ll
Identifying the Gaps in Practice for Combating Lead in Drinking Water in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Wai , Jia Jie , Bao Yani
Published: September 2016

Excessive lead has been found in drinking water in Hong Kong in tests carried out in 2015. Investigations have identified that the problem in public rental housing estates was caused by the problematic solders used in the plumbing, and recommendations on enhancing the quality control system and strengthening the relevant water quality standards have been proposed. The cause for the same problem happening in other premises where soldering has not been adopted for water pipe connections is left unidentified. Considering the unidentified cause and the recommendations made, this study aims to identify the gaps in practice followed in Hong Kong for safeguarding the water quality of new installations. A holistic review of governing ordinances and regulations, products and materials used and the testing and commissioning requirements adopted in Hong Kong and elsewhere in the world were conducted. Based on international practices and parametric analysis, it was found that there are gaps in practices followed in Hong Kong, which are directly and indirectly leading to the lead-in-water crisis. Recommendations for improvement in the quality control system, and the water quality standards including the allowable lead content and leaching limit for products and materials and the testing and commissioning requirements on plumbing installations have been made. The review and the identified gaps would become useful reference for countries in strengthening their relevant water quality standards.
Charged Triazole Cross-Linkers for Hyaluronan-Based Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Martini Maike , Hegger Patricia , Schädel Nicole , Minsky Burcu , Kirchhof Manuel , Scholl Sebastian , Southan Alexander , Tovar Günter , Boehm Heike , Laschat Sabine
Published: September 2016

Polyelectrolyte hydrogels play an important role in tissue engineering and can be produced from natural polymers, such as the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. In order to control charge density and mechanical properties of hyaluronan-based hydrogels, we developed cross-linkers with a neutral or positively charged triazole core with different lengths of spacer arms and two terminal maleimide groups. These cross-linkers react with thiolated hyaluronan in a fast, stoichiometric thio-Michael addition. Introducing a positive charge on the core of the cross-linker enabled us to compare hydrogels with the same interconnectivity, but a different charge density. Positively charged cross-linkers form stiffer hydrogels relatively independent of the size of the cross-linker, whereas neutral cross-linkers only form stable hydrogels at small spacer lengths. These novel cross-linkers provide a platform to tune the hydrogel network charge and thus the mechanical properties of the network. In addition, they might offer a wide range of applications especially in bioprinting for precise design of hydrogels.
Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Protein Hydrolysate from Actinopyga lecanora (Sea Cucumber) in Rats
Authors: Sadegh Vishkaei Mahdokht , Ebrahimpour Afshin , Abdul-Hamid Azizah , Ismail Amin , Saari Nazamid
Published: September 2016

Food protein hydrolysates are known to exhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties and can be used as a novel functional food for prevention of hypertension. This study evaluated the ACE inhibitory potentials of Actinopyga lecanora proteolysate (ALP) in vivo. The pre-fed rats with ALP at various doses (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.05) suppression effect after inducing hypertension. To determine the optimum effective dose that will produce maximal reduction in blood pressure, ALP at three doses was fed to the rats after inducing hypertension. The results showed that the 800 mg/kg body weight dose significantly reduced blood pressure without noticeable negative physiological effect. In addition, there were no observable changes in the rats’ heart rate after oral administration of the ALP. It was concluded that Actinopyga lecanora proteolysate could potentially be used for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
Assessment of Atmospheric Algorithms to Retrieve Vegetation in Natural Protected Areas Using Multispectral High Resolution Imagery
Authors: Marcello Javier , Eugenio Francisco , Perdomo Ulises , Medina Anabella
Published: September 2016

The precise mapping of vegetation covers in semi-arid areas is a complex task as this type of environment consists of sparse vegetation mainly composed of small shrubs. The launch of high resolution satellites, with additional spectral bands and the ability to alter the viewing angle, offers a useful technology to focus on this objective. In this context, atmospheric correction is a fundamental step in the pre-processing of such remote sensing imagery and, consequently, different algorithms have been developed for this purpose over the years. They are commonly categorized as imaged-based methods as well as in more advanced physical models based on the radiative transfer theory. Despite the relevance of this topic, a few comparative studies covering several methods have been carried out using high resolution data or which are specifically applied to vegetation covers. In this work, the performance of five representative atmospheric correction algorithms (DOS, QUAC, FLAASH, ATCOR and 6S) has been assessed, using high resolution Worldview-2 imagery and field spectroradiometer data collected simultaneously, with the goal of identifying the most appropriate techniques. The study also included a detailed analysis of the parameterization influence on the final results of the correction, the aerosol model and its optical thickness being important parameters to be properly adjusted. The effects of corrections were studied in vegetation and soil sites belonging to different protected semi-arid ecosystems (high mountain and coastal areas). In summary, the superior performance of model-based algorithms, 6S in particular, has been demonstrated, achieving reflectance estimations very close to the in-situ measurements (RMSE of between 2% and 3%). Finally, an example of the importance of the atmospheric correction in the vegetation estimation in these natural areas is presented, allowing the robust mapping of species and the analysis of multitemporal variations related to the human activity and climate change.
Data-Gathering Scheme Using AUVs in Large-Scale Underwater Sensor Networks: A Multihop Approach
Authors: Khan Jawaad , Cho Ho-Shin
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we propose a data-gathering scheme for hierarchical underwater sensor networks, where multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are deployed over large-scale coverage areas. The deployed AUVs constitute an intermittently connected multihop network through inter-AUV synchronization (in this paper, synchronization means an interconnection between nodes for communication) for forwarding data to the designated sink. In such a scenario, the performance of the multihop communication depends upon the synchronization among the vehicles. The mobility parameters of the vehicles vary continuously because of the constantly changing underwater currents. The variations in the AUV mobility parameters reduce the inter-AUV synchronization frequency contributing to delays in the multihop communication. The proposed scheme improves the AUV synchronization frequency by permitting neighboring AUVs to share their status information via a pre-selected node called an agent-node at the static layer of the network. We evaluate the proposed scheme in terms of the AUV synchronization frequency, vertical delay (node→AUV), horizontal delay (AUV→AUV), end-to-end delay, and the packet loss ratio. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the aforementioned delays without the synchronization time-out process employed in conventional works.
Une production originale d'Amathonte : les amphores à anses horizontales et les dinoi de style hybride
Authors: Alpe Laurence , Fourrier Sabine
Published: September 2016

Cet article rassemble et commente une série de vases découverts dans la région d'Amathonte. Leurs particularités de forme et surtout de décor, que caractérise l'usage d'une technique hybride, à la fois sur fond clair et sur fond d'engobe rouge, en font une production originale qui n'a guère été diffusée hors des limites du royaume. Ces vases offrent une nouvelle illustration de l'inventivité des potiers amathousiens de l'époque archaïque.
Artemis at Athienou-Malloura
Authors: Counts Derek , Toumazou Michael K.
Published: September 2016

Les fouilles récentes sur le site de Malloura de la mission archéologique d'Athiénou (en activité depuis 1990) ont mis au jour une tête féminine qui présente une ressemblance frappante avec des représentations de la déesse Artémis trouvées à Chypre. Cette tête s'ajoute à deux autres statuettes d'Artémis, conservées au Louvre, qui ont été trouvées à Malloura dans les fouilles effectuées par Vogiié, Waddington et Duthoit en 1862. Cette découverte suscite un regain d'intérêt pour la présence de la déesse dans le sanctuaire au Ve s. av. J.-C.
La topographie cultuelle chrétienne de la région de Potamia-Agios Sozoménos
Authors: Nicolaïdès Andréas , Vanderheyde Catherine
Published: September 2016

Several churches, well preserved or in ruins, are still to be seen in the Potamia-Agios Sozomenos area, as well as in its extension to the neighbouring village of Idalion. The corpus comprises the hermitage of Agios Sozomenos, obviously the more ancient Christian monument of the area, the Byzantine church of Panagia (also called Agios Georgios), the church of the Timios Stavros, in the cemetery of the Potamia village, the ruined or totally destroyed churches of Agia Marina, Santa Caterina and Archangelos respectively, the church of Agios Demetrianos at Agridi, the cemetery church of Agios Mamas at Idalion and Agios Mamas at Agios Sozomenos, the only known Cypriot example of a Gothic church in a rural area. It is accurate that there are numerous Byzantine or Gothic monuments which provide clues about the history of the valley in relationship with its water supply.
Vases archaïques d'Amathonte au musée du Louvre
Authors: Fourrier Sabine
Published: September 2016

The Louvre Museum possesses a small but interesting collection of Amathousian Archaic pottery. None of the vases studied below is reported to come from Amathous, but they all exemplify the same morphological and stylistical trends which are best labelled as typical Amathousian. They thus offer the opportunity to study anew the Amathousian style in Archaic pottery.
Chypre au XVIIIe siècle. Témoignages écrits et iconographiques de quelques voyageurs européens
Authors: Gilet Annie
Published: September 2016

In the Age of Enlightenment European travellers, French consuls stationed in Larnaca, and travelling artists, in particular Louis-François Cassas, who was in Cyprus in the spring of 1785, have left us valuable eyewitness accounts for our knowledge of the island, its activities and architecturale heritage.
"Vases des Lénéennes". Cent ans après
Authors: de La Genière Juliette
Published: September 2016

Here will be discussed the name of “ Lenäenvasen” which has been given, after the publications of A. FRICKENHAUS (1912) and Fr. FRONTISIDUCROUX (1991), to two main series of attic vases (black figure lekythoi around 480 B. C. ; red figure Stamnoi, 460-420 B. C.). Illustrations of the Attic feast of the Lenaia (A. FRICKENHAUS) ? Of an attic dionisiac ritual celebrated with dignity by female worshippers (Fr. FRONTISI-DUCROUX) ? have been proposed. Actually, while the attic lekythoi were bought by Greeks for the deads and their God, Dionysos, the red figure Stamnoi were sent to Etruscan and Campanian customers, which means that the connection with Attic Dionysiac celebrations cannot be sustained. However, a red figure cup by Makron, quoted by both scholars, could illustrate an important dionysiac ceremony in Athens.
La composition politique du Discours VII de Dion Chrysostome
Authors: Billault Alain
Published: September 2016

La composition du Discours VII, de Dion Chrysostome peut être comprise sans qu’il soit nécessaire de supposer que certains passages ont été perdus au début et à la fin. C’est une composition politique qui repose sur des thèmes relatifs aux relations entre les hommes dans la société. Dion utilise les thèmes de la solitude et du respect pour procéder à une reconstruction discursive et critique des relations sociales qui ressemble à la reconstruction de la cité opérée par Platon dans la République. Il démontre ainsi sa virtuosité rhétorique et se comporte à la fois comme un orateur et comme un philosophe qui fait de la politique.
Invitation à une nouvelle réflexion sur les fondations grecques en Libye
Authors: Costanzi Michela
Published: September 2016

Les établissements grecs en Libye sont traditionnellement présentés comme des colonies que Cyrène aurait fondées après 580 av. J.-C. Or cette datation est aujourd’hui mise en doute par les céramologues : la présence grecque dans la région est bien attestée à la fin du VIIe s. av. J.-C., à une époque à peu près contemporaine de celle de la fondation de Cyrène elle-même. En revanche, la filiation cyrénéenne de ces établissements n’est jamais remise en question, malgré le témoignage de vases de différentes provenances, et surtout en l’absence totale, dans les sources littéraires, de la moindre indication faisant de Cyrène une métropole régionale. L’origine de cette idée traditionnelle est probablement à chercher dans l’Antiquité : c’est une Scholie de la IVe Pythique de Pindare qui, la première et, en réalité, la seule, parle de Cyrène comme métropole d’autres cités. Mais l’importance donnée par Hérodote à Cyrène a contribué à fixer l’idée selon laquelle cette cité était seule en mesure d’essaimer dans la région, bien que l’auteur des Enquêtes ne le dise jamais ni ne le laisse entendre, et même si Cyrène, dont il relaie pourtant la propagande, ne semble jamais l’avoir revendiqué.

Ce constat permet d’interpréter d’une manière nouvelle les sources littéraires sur les établissements grecs de la région et de proposer un nouveau scénario pour la colonisation grecque de la Libye.
La question d’une subdivision du chalque : l’apport des sources épigraphiques et littéraires
Authors: Marcellesi Marie-Christine
Published: September 2016

Les recherches récentes sur les monnaies de bronze ont permis de progresser dans la définition de leur valeur, mais on discute encore pour savoir s’il a existé ou non une subdivision du chalque. Les monnaies seules ne permettant pas de répondre à cette question, le présent article passe en revue les sources épigraphiques et littéraires et analyse le sens des mots grecs dans lesquels on a proposé de voir le nom d’une subdivision du chalque. Il en ressort que ces mots ont un sens général de menue monnaie, tiré de leur sens premier, mais qu’ils ne désignent pas une dénomination précise. En outre, des inscriptions montrent que le chalque était la plus petite valeur du système.
Knockdown of REV7 Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Feng Liu , Wei Wang , Heng Zhang , Yantao Han , Chunbo Wang
Published: September 2016

REV7 (also known as MAD2L2) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle regulation, gene expression, and carcinogenesis. Although its expression is reportedly associated with poor prognosis in several kinds of human cancers, the significance of REV7 expression
in breast malignancies is unclear. In this study, REV7 was found to be increased in breast cancer. We found that knockdown of REV7 inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of REV7 promoted the migration,
invasion, and EMT of breast cancer cells. As shown by Western blot, knockdown of REV7 can promote TGF-β1 expression. Western blot analysis indicated that TGF-β1 may play a role as a downstream factor of REV7. Moreover, interference of TGF-β1 can also inhibit the cell’s
ability for migration, invasion, and EMT, as well as in a cell line whose REV7 is overexpressed. Taken together, these results contributed to a recognition of the oncogene functions of REV7 in breast cancer cells and provided a novel direction to treat breast cancer.
Metal oxide-graphene field-effect transistor: interface trap density extraction model
Authors: Najam Faraz , Lau Kah Cheong , Lim Cheng Siong , Yu Yun Seop , Tan Michael Loong Peng
Published: September 2016

A simple to implement model is presented to extract interface trap density of graphene field effect transistors. The presence of interface trap states detrimentally affects the device drain current–gate voltage relationship Ids–Vgs. At the moment, there is no analytical method available to extract the interface trap distribution of metal-oxide-graphene field effect transistor (MOGFET) devices. The model presented here extracts the interface trap distribution of MOGFET devices making use of available experimental capacitance–gate voltage Ctot–Vgs data and a basic set of equations used to define the device physics of MOGFET devices. The model was used to extract the interface trap distribution of 2 experimental devices. Device parameters calculated using the extracted interface trap distribution from the model, including surface potential, interface trap charge and interface trap capacitance compared very well with their respective experimental counterparts. The model enables accurate calculation of the surface potential affected by trap charge. Other models ignore the effect of trap charge and only calculate the ideal surface potential. Such ideal surface potential when used in a surface potential based drain current model will result in an inaccurate prediction of the drain current. Accurate calculation of surface potential that can later be used in drain current model is highlighted as a major advantage of the model.
The direct oxidative diene cyclization and related reactions in natural product synthesis
Authors: Adrian Juliane , Gross Leona J , Stark Christian B W
Published: September 2016

The direct oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes is a valuable synthetic method for the (dia)stereoselective preparation of substituted tetrahydrofurans. Closely related reactions start from 5,6-dihydroxy or 5-hydroxyalkenes to generate similar products in a mechanistically analogous manner. After a brief overview on the history of this group of transformations and a survey on mechanistic and stereochemical aspects, this review article provides a summary on applications in natural product synthesis. Moreover, current limitations and future directions in this area of chemistry are discussed.
EXPLORING A CHEMICAL ROUTE FOR THE FORMATION OF STABLE ANIONS OF POLYYNES [CnH− (n = 2, 4)] IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS
Authors: Gianturco F. A. , Satta M. , Mendolicchio M. , Palazzetti F. , Piserchia A. , Barone V. , Wester R.
Published: September 2016

Using quantum chemical methods, we investigate the possible outcomes of

reactions with acetylene and diacetylene molecules. We find both reactions to be exothermic reactions without barriers, yielding stable anions of the corresponding polyynes:

and

. We show in this work that the computed chemical rates in the case of the formation of the

anion would be larger than those existing for the direct radiative electron attachment (REA) process, the main mechanism generally suggested for their formation. In the case of the

anion, however, the present chemical rates of formation at low T are even lower than those known for its REA process, both mechanisms being inefficient for its formation under astrochemical conditions. The present results are discussed in view of their consequences on the issue of the possible presence of such anions in the ISM environments. They clearly indicate the present chemical route to

formation to be inefficient at the expected temperatures of a dark molecular cloud, whereas this is found not to be the case for the

, in line with the available experimental findings.
Intestinal parasitic infections and associated epidemiological drivers in two rural communities of the Bolivian Chaco
Authors: Macchioni Fabio , Segundo Higinio , Totino Valentina , Gabrielli Simona , Rojas Patricia , Roselli Mimmo , Paredes Grover Adolfo , Masana Mario , Bartoloni Alessandro , Cancrini Gabriella
Published: September 2016

Introduction: In 2013 a coproparasitological survey was carried out in two rural communities of the Bolivian Chaco to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and to investigate on possible infection drivers through a questionnaire interview. Methodology: Faecal samples were examined by microscopy. Samples positive for Entamoeba histolytica complex and Blastocystis were molecularly examined to identify the species/subtypes involved. Results: The overall infection rate was 86%, identical in both communities and mostly due to protozoa. Soil-transmitted helminths were detected in <3% of children and adults. Discussion: The protozoa detected, including Blastocystis subtypes, indicate faecal contamination of the environment by both humans (as confirmed by the presence of Hymenolepis nana) and animals. Nested-PCR identified E. histolytica, thus signalling the possible occurrence of invasive amoebosis. Lack of safe water, environmental contamination, poor sanitation and hygiene, shared by both communities, are the main drivers of IPIs. In addition, unlike gender and socioeconomic factors, childhood (only for some species), crowding and cohabitation with animals proved to be further significant protozoon infection risk factors. Conclusions: These results highlight the need for the promotion of access to clean water, improved sanitation and better hygiene, thus reducing the frequency of preventive chemotherapy for STHs while continuing to monitor the population for possible recrudescence.
First HIV-2 infection in a child in Turkey
Authors: Kepenekli Kadayifci Eda , Karaaslan Ayşe , Midilli Kenan , Soysal Ahmet , Bakır Mustafa
Published: September 2016

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Créer pour ne plus détruire
Authors: Vissler Lena
Published: September 2016

Un texte d’une étudiante qui découvre le monde de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse. Un texte pour essayer de comprendre pourquoi la délinquance des mineurs et surtout pourquoi autant de jeunes franchissent les portes de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse ; : des points communs entre les jeunes rencontrés à la pjj et de la découverte de leur monde singulier à une possible solution à travers les mains qui créent pour ne plus détruire.
Point relais éducatif et familial. Conseils et actions éducatives
Authors: Gayet Bouzembil Fatima
Published: September 2016

Un exemple de travail éducatif, de type aemo , organisé à partir d’un dispositif de statut « libéral ».
ZAMREN Big Data Management (ZAMBiDM) Envisaging Efficiency and Analytically Manage IT Resources
Authors: Mbale Jameson
Published: September 2016

The ZAMREN member institutions deal with heterogeneous teaching and research materials drawn from all walks-of-life such as industry, and NRENs world over. To deal with such huge data that is in terabits for academic and economic gain becomes a mammoth task to manipulate, process, store and analyse. It is in view of that the ZAMREN Big Data and Data Management, in this work abbreviated as ZAMBiDM, is envisaged to collectively gather relevant heterogeneous large volumes of a wide variety of data from all sectors of economy. The data would be analytically managed in storage, processing and obtaining actionable insight real-time as a way to solve high-value skilled academic and industrial business problems, in order to prepare graduates for competitive future workforce. The data would be collected from all line-ministries of Zambia such as education, agriculture, health, mining, lands, communications, commerce, including industries and NRENs worldwide and be analytically analysed to exploit strategic actions that would enhance decision making in executing relevant tasks.
Pros and Cons of Applying Opinion Mining on Operation Management
Authors: Goyal Mahima , Bhatnagar Vishal
Published: September 2016

The web data is growing at an immense pace. This is true for the social networks also. The data in the form of opinion of an individual is gathered to find the nuggets out of the same. The development in the application of opinion mining is rapidly growing due to various social sites which prompted us to pursue exhaustive literature survey in the field of opinion mining application in operation management and to classify the existing literature in this field. In this context the authors had identified the pros and cons of applying the opinion mining on operation management from the perspective of big data. The authors had considered the amount of data involved to be too big and for the same the big data concept is of primarily utmost significance. The authors also proposed a framework which clearly depicts the usage of the opinion mining on operation management of various domains.
An Overview of Big Data Security with Hadoop Framework
Authors: Singh Jaya , Gimekar Ashish Maruti , Venkatesan S.
Published: September 2016

Big Data is a very huge volume of data which is beyond the storage capacity and processing capability of traditional system. The volume of data is increasing at exponential rate. Therefore, there is the need of such mechanism to store and process such high volume of data. The impressiveness of the Big data lies with its major applicability to almost all industries. Therefore, it represents both, the tremendous opportunities and complex challenges. Such omnipotent eminence leads to the privacy and security related challenges to the big data. Nowadays, security of big data is mainly focused by every organization because it contains a lot of sensitive data and useful information for taking decisions. The hostile nature of digital data itself has certain inherited security challenges. The aim of Big data security is to identify security issues and to find the better solution for handling security challenges. The observation and analysis of different security mechanism related to the issues of big data and their solutions are focused in this chapter.
Intercloud
Authors: Costan Alexandru Aurel , Iancu Bogdan , Rasa Petru Cosmin , Radu Alexandru , Peculea Adrian , Dadarlat Vasile Teodor
Published: September 2016

Cloud computing is considered the next step in the evolution of technological applications, services and products development, in the Future Internet and Internet of Things context. The permanent connection of users to the Internet has become widespread, so almost all available resources (data, software) can be placed on the Internet, shared between users - sometimes completely independently of others, and brought from the Internet to the user's computer on demand. The chapter highlights the benefits of using hybrid technology with a focus towards entrepreneurs and business innovators. Intercloud systems are built of heterogeneous services, offered by different providers of cloud computing. To emphasize the business opportunities offered by innovative Intercloud approaches, an architecture for the interconnection of cloud services offered by multiple cloud providers, with applications to e-health, is presented. The main concepts and business benefits of using Intercloud systems and an architecture for interconnecting cloud services from multiple cloud providers is described.
Use of New Innovative Technologies in Business by All Age Groups
Authors: Stancu Stelian , Bodea Constanta-Nicoleta , Naghi Laura Elly , Popescu Oana Madalina , Neamtu Alina
Published: September 2016

This paper makes a foray into the new innovative business technologies by presenting several important aspects of the Digital Economy, Business models, Entrepreneurship, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), ICT4D, Innovation Technology. The second part of the paper consists of an analysis of new innovative technologies results in business, using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), thus presenting the conceptual framework GEM, How GEM Defines Entrepreneurship, Measures of Entrepreneurial Activity, Entrepreneurial Aspirations, Entrepreneurial Attitudes. Based on this analysis, empirical results of new innovative business technologies in Romania are configured, highlighting the key indicators for Romania (2015), Entrepreneurial Activity rates in efficiency-driven EU Countries in 2014 (% of population aged between 18-64 years), distribution of entrepreneurs by gender, age, education and household income in Romania 2014 (%), both individually and overall. The paper concludes with key findings and proposals for the following questions to be explored in future research.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Latin American Family Firms
Authors: Baños-Monroy Verónica , Ramírez-Solís Edgar , Rodríguez-Aceves Lucia
Published: September 2016

This chapter examines the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in the development of family businesses in Latin America. The socio-economic dynamics of such region is an interesting field for research, mainly because: it is a major manufacturing hub with growing importance in retail; it experienced a huge economical shift in the last ten years causing the growth of the middle class (an increase of 50 million people); family firms in the region are the main driver of growth and employment. The authors focused the analysis on Mexico due to its singular characteristics, making it a representative example of the region. Based on secondary sources, a characterization of the entrepreneurship and innovation in family owned and managed firms in the region is reviewed. Moreover, based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database, the authors present some recent data related with entrepreneurship levels in the region and its impact in terms of innovation. Finally, public policy implications are provided in order to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation in family businesses.
Sulfate Attack on Different Types of Concrete in Media Simulating Sewer System
Authors: Vyšvařil Martin , Rovnaníková Markéta , Bayer Patrik
Published: September 2016

The degradation of concrete due to ingress of sulfate ions from the environment plays an important role in the durability of concrete constructions. Microbiologically induced concrete corrosion (MICC) damages especially sewage collection systems. The most rapid cases of deterioration always occur in areas with elevated H2S concentrations, moisture, and oxygen in the atmosphere. During the MICC, the pH of the surface of concrete sewer pipes is reduced and it may lead to the steel depassivation and results in the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Damage due to a sulfate interaction can result in a cracking and softening, with a loss of strength of concrete. The formation of ettringite (AFt) from gypsum (forming by reaction of sulfate anion with calcium hydroxide) and C3A via monosulfate (AFm) is the main chemical reaction of sulfate attack on concrete. Ettringite and gypsum have considerably larger volume than initial compounds, which leads to increased pressure in concrete. This paper is focused on the sulfate attack on fine-grained concrete where the effect of 0.5% sulfuric acid, simulating MICC, and a solution simulating sewage water has been investigated on changes of the pH, content of sulfates and the porosity in various types of concrete. The aim of this study is to compare the changes in different types of concrete during the sulfate attack in two kinds of medium represented the bottom part of pipelines (waste water) and the sewer crown (0.5% H2SO4). It was found, that after 1 year in 0.5% H2SO4, a visible degradation of surface occurs in all investigated types of concrete. Samples over the year in waste water became dark. Concentration of sulfates in all studied types of concrete increased six times at least after one year sulfuric acid attack and also the reduction of the pH of their aqueous leaches was determined. The solution simulating sewage water did not cause such changes.
Structural Studies of Nanofiber Membranes
Authors: Havrlík Michal , Klicmanová Iveta
Published: September 2016

Recently, the modeling of physical properties of nanofiber textiles has attracted a lot of attention. Since standard macroscopic models cannot satisfactorily explain the observed properties of such materials, it is necessary to develop models based on the knowledge of exact microscopic structure of nanotextiles. In this paper, we study the microscopic structure of two types of polymer membranes, made of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and PUR (polyurethane). The membranes were bought from Technical University of Liberec, where they have been were produced on NanospiderTM - NS 4S1000U setup. The samples were produced at various speeds of substrate (10, 25 and 50 mm/min). By the gravimetric analysis we have found the linear dependence of grammage (mass per square meter) on inversed speed of substrate. The nanofiber structure was observed by electron scanning microscope (SEM) Tescan Maia 3. Subsequently cross sections of the sample were obtained by various methods. The thickness and internal structure of the membrane was determined from these cross sections. It was found that the internal structure is very similar to the surface structure. Based on these observations we have determined parameters important for development of a 3D model of the nanofiber network.