bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE POWDER EFFECT ON THE REDUCTION OF THE PAVEMENT SURFACE LAYER PERFORMANCE
Authors: Almasi Seyed Ahmad , Khabiri Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2019

Some roads have a gravel layer and most asphaltic roads have gravel shoulder and part of that sand is fine grained soil. Road dust increases in heavy traffic and affects safety, economy, quality and environment. Different stabilizers are used to control the dust in gravel topping roads. One of them is calcium chloride. One of its common uses is the dust control in gravel topping roads. In this research, in order to achieve the optimal mixture procedure after grading the gravel material of pavement surface layer, the effect of calcium chloride salt on the physical properties of the fine grained part was investigated in different percent of calcium chloride samples and different percent of moisture in two dry cases. Results show that increasing the calcium chloride percent in the dry case, the moisture absorption amount of the fine grained part of the gravel topping materials is increased, by contrast, uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths decrease with the increase of calcium chloride more than certain percent. The amount of calcium chloride has a reverse effect on liquid limit, plasticity limit and plastic index, conversely, uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths such that increasing the calcium chloride salt by 6% will increase the plastic limit by 6% and the liquid limit by 12% and plastic index by 25% and also the uniaxial tensile strength is increased by 11% and the uniaxial compressive strength is decreased by 36%.
News
Authors: Hebert Kirsten
Published: April 2019

News about the activites of the Optometric Historical Society and the Archives & Museum of Optometry
Od Valerie do Fausta i Wolnego strzelca: kilka uwag o intertekstualnej strategii I części Dziadów
Authors: Fiećko Jerzy
Published: April 2019

The author analyses intertextual relations in the first and final section of part of “Forefathers’ Eve” (Dziady), and treats them as an element of Mickiewicz’s strategy of anchoring his own work in the system of dialogue with renowned Western cultural works of the time. This dialogue takes the form of a polemic against the sentimental French models akin to de Krüdener’s “Valerie” and the Sturm und Drang movement, which was open to issues of characterisation and early German romanticism. In the first part of the book, which focuses on an analysis of the Maiden’s monologue, the author discerns a mechanism of references to Barbara Julianna de Krüdener’s novel “Valerie” and “The Sorrows of Young Werther”, with which the baroness engaged in an open dispute. The second part focuses on the character of Gustaw and his conversation with the Black Hunter, with an analysis of likely connections with the Weber/Kind’s opera “The Marksman” and the plays of Goethe and Klingemann with the same main title “Faust”.
Zrozumieć miasto. Hermeneutyka jako metoda badania fenomenu współczesnego miasta
Authors: Szczepański Piotr
Published: April 2019

In this article, the author presents the hermeneutic perspective of research in urban studies (‘hermeneutics of the city’) carried out within the field of cultural urban studies. ‘Hermeneutics of the city’ is still an unrealized project within the spatial turn in cultural studies. It is necessary to review and systematize the existing positions that make up the ‘hermeneutics of the city’ and outline its frameworks as theory.
Kilka uwag na temat komunikacji interpersonalnej w Ajschylosowym Agamemnonie
Authors: Wesołowska Elżbieta
Published: April 2019

The presented paper considers the problem of misunderstanding between two people on the ancient stage. The author chose two dramatical interrelations in Agamemnon by Aeschylus. Each of these dialogues presents different incongruity between question or order and the response, which can be caused from one side in the pride, power, and fear, and suffering or weakness from the other. We should undertake also some details concerning the importance of silence during the dramatic conversation, sometimes neglected by the scholars. The participant (reader or spectator) of such passages may feel uncertain, if this is a sophisticated play of the author with him, or even a vestige of his interest in human psychology.
„Trudne” wiersze. Wokół lingwistycznej poezji kobiet
Authors: Grądziel-Wójcik Joanna
Published: April 2019

The article addresses the problem of absence of women’s poetry in the linguistic current of 20th-century Polish poetry. It analyses its causes, amongst which the pivotal role is played by the stereotypical vision of women’s poetry, deeply ingrained in general awareness. The vision in question does not admit “difficult” forms and thus places women’s poetic work outside the avant-garde tendencies, linguistic experiment and metareflection. The authoress calls for inclusion of the omitted or forgotten poetesses who play with language in their poems and she articulates the need to redefine our understanding of linguistic poetry.
Privacy-aware blockchain for personal data sharing and tracking
Authors: Onik Md Mehedi Hassan , Kim Chul-Soo , Lee Nam-Yong , Yang Jinhong
Published: April 2019

Secure data distribution is critical for data accountability. Surveillance caused privacy breaching incidents have already questioned existing personal data collection techniques. Organizations assemble a huge amount of personally identifiable information (PII) for data-driven market analysis and prediction. However, the limitation of data tracking tools restricts the detection of exact data breaching points. Blockchain technology, an ‘immutable’ distributed ledger, can be leveraged to establish a transparent data auditing platform. However, Art. 42 and Art. 25 of general data protection regulation (GDPR) demands ‘right to forget’ and ‘right to erase’ of personal information, which goes against the immutability of blockchain technology. This paper proposes a GDPR complied decentralized and trusted PII sharing and tracking scheme. Proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system (BcPIIMS) demonstrates data movement among GDPR entities (user, controller and processor). Considering GDPR limitations, BcPIIMS used off-the-chain data storing architecture. A prototype was created to validate the proposed architecture using multichain. The use of off-the-chain storage reduces individual block size. Additionally, private blockchain also limits personal data leaking by collecting fast approval from restricted peers. This study presents personal data sharing, deleting, modifying and tracking features to verify the privacy of proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system.
Influence of Liming on Kinetics of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis
Authors: Stolarek Paweł , Ledakowicz Stanisław , Ślęzak Radosław
Published: April 2019

Thermogravimetry (TG) is the fast and reliable method for characterization of thermal decomposition of any material and in particular to determine the kinetics of pyrolytic decomposition of sewage sludge. Two types of sewage sludge with and without addition of lime were investigated from kinetic point of view. For TG analysis samples of selected sewage sludge were heated under the inert atmosphere of argon with constant heating rate from 303 to 1273 K; the three heating rate β = 5, 10 and 20 K/min were chosen. The iso-conversion methods of Friedman and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall were employed for analysis of TG results. As the sewage sludge decomposition is very complex process it cannot be described by a simple stoichiometric equation, therefore the so called lumping of reactions in the selected temperature ranges were used with detailed principles arising from visual analysis of DTG curve. The deconvolution of DTG curves performed according to Fraser-Suzuki asymmetric profile allowed the identification of number of lumps and their contribution to the overall mass loss. So the decomposition of sewage sludge with lime addition could be described with five groups of reactions while the one without lime by means of six lumps. The thermal decomposition of sewage sludge was assumed to proceed according to the scheme of parallel concurrent independent reactions of n-th order. The values of the apparent activation energies at different constant values of conversion degrees were determined by the iso-conversion analysis. To estimate the kinetic parameters the non-linear regression with Levenberg-Marquart optimization procedure was used. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor, reaction order and fraction of total mass loss associated with a given reaction were determined. The impact of sewage sludge liming revealed in essential differences of pyrolysis products and pyrolysis kinetics of limed sludge and without lime one was highlighted.
Potentials of Virtual Reality as an Instrument for Research and Education
Authors: Zender Raphael , Knoth Alexander H. , Fischer Martin H. , Lucke Ulrike
Published: April 2019

Virtual Reality (VR) is currently on everyone’s lips for various purposes. Although the hype is currently nearing its productive plateau, there are still uncertainties about the utilization and potential of the technology in research and educational contexts. Together with the two following articles on the subject of VR research, this article provides an overview of the inherent potential as well as remaining challenges in the use of VR as an instrument for research and education. These will be clarified and critically examined on the basis of specific academic projects. Based on this, the article concludes with a comprehensive look on the need for further discussion of ethical issues as the key for VR success in research and education.
Perception of an Uncertain Ethical Reasoning Robot
Authors: Stellmach Hanna , Lindner Felix
Published: April 2019

This study investigates the effect of uncertainty expressed by a robot facing a moral dilemma on humans’ moral judgment and impression formation. In two experiments, participants were shown a video of a robot explaining a moral dilemma and suggesting a decision to make. The robot either expressed certainty or uncertainty about the decision it suggests. Participants rated how much blame the robot deserves for its decision, the moral wrongness of the chosen action, and their impression of the robot in terms of four scale dimensions measuring social perception. The results suggest that the subpopulation of participants unfamiliar with the moral dilemma assigns significantly more blame to the uncertain robot as compared to the certain one, while expressed uncertainty has less effect on moral wrongness judgments. The second experiment suggests that higher blame ratings are mediated by the fact that the uncertain robot was perceived as more humanlike. We discuss implications of this result for the design of social robots.
The coordinatorsiandzin Polish: A cognitive-typological approach (Part 2)
Authors: Andrason Alexander
Published: April 2019

Developed within the frame of cognitive and typological linguistics, the present study examines the taxonomical status of the lexemesiandzin Polish. To achieve this aim, the author analyzes the compliance of the two forms with the prototype of coordinate-hood and the structure of their maps of polyfunctionality. The evidence demonstrates thatiis a canonical instantiation of the category of coordinate-hood whilezis less canonical. Additionally, the two lexemes yield different maps of polyfunctionality (with distinct prototypicality nuclei), which reflects their distinct diachronic and conceptual origin. The map ofiradiates from the value of ‘also’ while the map ofzradiates from a comitative sense.

This article – the last in a series of two – completes the presentation of the empirical evidence and interprets it within the adopted framework. The degrees of canonicity ofiandzare determined and the semantic-functional maps of the two lexemes are compared.
Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness: integration and functional identity of semantic categories
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: April 2019

The reference theory popular in 1970-1990s, which aimed at integrating various forms of semantic determination of lexical units of the language analysed from the syntax perspective, provides the starting point for the author. Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness were treated in numerous publications from that period as varieties of the same semantic category, i.e. determination of the referential status of nominal groups. The author assumes that both categories demonstrate functional independence, therefore their exponents form opposites. Consequently, the quantification model of definiteness/indefiniteness, cultivated by some researchers, is not supported in the language material, being rather a strictly logical structure. At the same time, the author demonstrates that certain relations and dependencies occur between the two categories. Four aspects of such dependencies: selection, implication, collocation and derivation, are examined in the paper using Polish language materials and materials of other European languages.
Speciation and siting of divalent transition metal ions in silicon-rich zeolites. An FTIR study
Authors: Lemishka Mariia , Dedecek Jiri , Mlekodaj Kinga , Sobalik Zdenek , Sklenak Stepan , Tabor Edyta
Published: April 2019

Speciation and location of Co2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ in the extraframework positions of the dehydrated zeolite matrix of ferrierite structure were studied in detail using FTIR spectroscopy of antisymmetric T–O–T vibrations of the zeolite framework. Me2+–ferrierites were prepared by the ion exchange of the NH4– and Na–zeolite forms and by impregnation of the NH4 form. Bare Me2+ occupies all three known cationic sites in dehydrated cationic zeolite. The wavenumbers of bands of individual cations in individual sites were identified. At low Me2+ loadings (Me2+/Al < 0.15), Me2+ replaces two protonic sites and exclusively bare Me2+ is present in dehydrated samples. Sets of such samples were employed for the estimation of extinction coefficients of Co2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ in cationic sites. These coefficients differ for individual cations but are the same for a cation at different sites. Ion exchange to the NH4 form allows preparation of samples with maximum possible loading of bare Me2+ only for Co2+. In the case of Mn2+, exchange to the Na-parent zeolite or impregnation is required for this purpose while samples with maximum loading by bare Ni2+ can be prepared only by impregnation.
Smart or stupid depends on who is your counterpart: a cobweb model with heterogeneous expectations
Authors: Guo Feng , Liu Chong , Shi Qingling
Published: April 2019

We investigate the dynamics of a cobweb model with heterogeneous expectations, generalizing the famous model of Brock and Hommes (Brock, W. A., and C. H. Hommes. 1997. “A Rational Route to Randomness.”Econometrica65 (5): 1059–1095) by adding a new predictor – periodical expectation – which predicts that the price will revert to its level two periods previously. We show that under the periodical expectation, when the agents are homogeneous, they will always make wrong predictions, whereas when the agents are heterogeneous, they may be either smart or stupid depending on their counterparts’ types. Moreover, in the cobweb framework, the periodical predictor may be a destabilizer in some cases, but a stabilizer in other cases. We also find that in the cobweb model with rational, naive and periodical expectations, under certain refined conditions, the rational predictor may be endogenously dominated by naive and periodical predictors.
ZnO/UV/H2O2 Based Advanced Oxidation of Disperse Red Dye
Authors: Jamil Aneela , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Iqbal Munawar , Zuber Muhammad , Bukhari Iftikhar Hussain
Published: April 2019

In view of promising efficiency of advanced oxidation process, ZnO/UV/H2O2 based advanced oxidation process (AOP) was employed for the degradation of Disperse Red-60 (DR-60) in aqueous medium. The process variables such as concentration of catalysts, reaction time, pH, dye initial concentration and H2O2 dose were evaluated for maximum degradation of dye. The maximum degradation of 97% was achieved at optimum conditions of H2O2 (0.9 mL/L), ZnO (0.6 g/L) at pH 9.0 in 60 min irradiation time. The analysis of treated dye solution revealed the complete degradation under the effect of ZnO/UV/H2O2 treatment. The water quality parameters were also studied of treated and un-treated dye solution and up to 79% COD and 60% BOD reductions were achieved when dye was treated with at optimum conditions. The dissolved oxygen increased up to 85.6% after UV/H2O2/ZnO treatment. The toxicity was also monitored using hemolytic and Ames tests and results revealed that toxicity (cytotoxicity and mutagenicity) was also reduced significantly. In view of promising efficiency of UV/H2O2/ZnO system, it could possibly be used for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic dyes.
UV/H2O2/Ferrioxalate Based Integrated Approach to Decolorize and Mineralize Reactive Blue Dye: Optimization Through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Barkaat Samra , Zuber Muhammad , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Noreen Aqdas , Tabasum Shazia
Published: April 2019

The decolorization and mineralization of Reactive Blue 222 dye was studied using UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate approach in combination with Pleorotus ostreatus. The dye was decolorized by UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate based advanced oxidation process (AOP) at different levels of process variables dye concentration, catalyst dose, pH, reaction time and resultantly, 80% decolorization was achieved. Pleorotus ostreatus treatment enhanced the dye degradation up to 92% at optimum levels of pH, temperature, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources at specific concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization under face-centered central composite design (CCD). Although both treatments were found efficient for the removal of dye, but on applying the integrated approach, 96% dye removal was obtained which led to complete degradation of the dye. FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of dye into low mass compounds. The water quality assurance parameters were measured to assess the mineralization efficiency. A significant reduction in COD (94%) and TOC (92%) were found when dye was degraded integrated approach. A phytotoxicity analysis on Pisum sativum plant revealed the non-toxic behavior of metabolites produced. Results revealed that the integrated approach is highly promising for the decolorization and mineralization of the Reactive Blue 222 dye and is also extendable to treat the dye in textile wastewater.
Using Ketamine and Propofol for Procedural Sedation of Adults in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ghojazadeh Morteza , Sanaie Sarvin , Paknezhad Seyed Pouya , Faghih Sahba-Sadat , Soleimanpour Hassan
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) is being used to provide a safe and effective procedural sedation (PS) in emergency department (ED) and may theoretically have beneficial effects since using lower doses of each drug may result in a reduction of the adverse events of both agents while maintaining optimal conditions for performing procedures. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of these two drugs for PS. Methods: The PRISMA statement was used for this systematic review. We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Medline (Ovid) from 1990 to August 2017 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which the study population aged ≥18 and was referred to ED. Full-texts of the studies performed in adults that were published in English were reviewed for inclusion. Both authors independently evaluated all studies. Five articles were eligible for the meta-analysis based on their common outcomes. Results: The total number of subjects was 1250, of which 635 were treated with propofol and 615 were treated with ketofol. Although two of the five studies showed a better quality of sedation with ketofol, the other three did not find any significant difference between propofol and ketofol. This systematic review found a lower incidence of respiratory adverse effects in ketofol group than propofol group. Conclusion: Ketamine/propofol mixture (ketofol) has less respiratory adverse effects than propofol alone in ED procedural sedation.
Crosstalk between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors andToll-Like Receptors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dana Nasim , Vaseghi Golnaz , Haghjooy-Javanmard Shaghayegh
Published: April 2019

As one of the four major families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), toll like receptors (TLRs)are crucial and important components of the innate immune system. Peroxisome proliferatoractivatedreceptors (PPARs) with three isoforms are transcription factors classified as a subfamilyof nuclear receptor proteins, and are of significant regulatory activity in cellular differentiation,development, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. It is well established that PPARs agonists displayanti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, akey regulator of immune and inflammatory responses, in a sense that TLRs signaling pathwaysare mainly toward activation of NF-κB. Through a systematic review of previous studies, weaimed to address and clarify the reciprocal interaction between TLRs and PPARs in hope to findalternative therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases. Among the available scientificdatabase, 31 articles were selected for this review. A comprehensive review of this databaseconfirms the presence of a cross-talk between PPARs and TLRs, indicating that not onlyPPARs stimulation may affect the expression level of TLRs via several mechanisms leading tomodulating TLRs activities, but also TLRs have the potential to moderate the expression of PPARs.We, therefore, conclude that, as a key regulator of the innate immune system, the interactionbetween PPARs and TLRs is a potential therapeutic target in disease treatment.
The Study of HLA-G Gene and Protein Expression in Patients withRecurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Mosaferi Elnaz , Alizadeh Gharamaleki Nazila , Farzadi Laya , Majidi Jafar , Babaloo Zohreh , kazemi Tohid , Ramezani Mehrnoosh , Tabatabaei Meraj , Ahmadi Hamid , Aghebati maleki Leili , Baradaran Behzad
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Although it has been frequently confirmed that HLA-G plays an important role in thereproduction and pregnancy, the pattern of HLA-G gene and its protein expression are rarelyaddressed in studies. Therefore we conducted this study in regard to evaluate the HLA-G geneand its protein expression in the women’s placenta with recurrent miscarriage.Methods: Placental samples were obtained from the women who were admitted for deliveryor abortion in Al Zahra and Taleghani hospitals, Tabriz, Iran. HLA-G gene expression wasdetermined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HLA-G protein expression wasassessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining in the tissue samples.Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the expression of gene and proteins ofHLA-G in the women with recurrent miscarriage compared to the control placental tissues.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it was concluded that the decrement of HLA-Ggene and protein expressions are associated with recurrent miscarriage. Since there areconflicting results from other studies, it is suggested to conduct a more comprehensive similarstudy with greater sample size.
Design of novel Surfactant Modified Carbon Nanotube PasteElectrochemical Sensor for the Sensitive Investigation of Tyrosineas a Pharmaceutical Drug
Authors: Hareesha Nagarajappa , Manjunatha Jamballi Gangadharappa Gowda , Raril Chenthattil , Tigari Girish
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The novel sodium dodecyl sulfate modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (SDS/CNTPE) was used as a sensitive sensor for the electrochemical investigation of L-tyrosine (TY).Methods: The electrochemical analysis of TY was displayed through cyclic voltammetry (CV)and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The surface morphology of SDS/CNTPE and barecarbon nanotube past electrode (BCNTPE) was reviewed trough field emission scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM).Results: The functioning SDS/CNTPE shows a voltammetric response with superior sensitivitytowards TY. This study was conducted using a phosphate buffer solution having neutral pH(pH=7.0). The correlation between the oxidation peak current of TY and concentration of TYwas achieved linearly in CV method, in the range 2.0×10-6 to 5 ×10-5 M with the detection limit729 nM and limit of quantification 2.43 μM. The investigated voltammetric study at SDS/CNTPEwas also adopted in the examination of TY concentration in a pharmaceutical medicine as a realsample with the recovery of 97% to 98%.Conclusion: The modified electrode demonstrates optimum sensitivity, constancy, reproducibility,and repeatability during the electrocatalytic activity of TY.
Crude Meaning, Brute Thought (or: What Are They Thinking?!)
Authors: Bar-On Dorit
Published: April 2019

I address here the question what sense to make of the idea that there can be thought prior to language (both in ontogeny and among nonlinguistic animals). I begin by juxtaposing two familiar and influential philosophical views, one associated with the work of Paul Grice, the other associated with the work of Donald Davidson. Grice and Davidson share a broad, rationalist perspective on language and thought, but they endorse conflicting theses on the relation between them. Whereas, for Grice, thought of an especially complex sort is a precondition of linguistic meaning, for Davidson, there can be no genuine thought without language. I argue that both views present us with unpalatable alternatives concerning our understanding of the natural origins of objective thought and meaningful language. Drawing on what I take to be key insights from Grice and Davidson, I then lay out some broad desiderata for an intermediate position. I finally turn to a certain form of nonlinguistic communication of the sort of which both prelinguistic children and languageless animals are capable, viz., expressive communication. I propose that a proper appreciation of the character and function of expressive communication can help us trace the outlines of the desired intermediate position.
Compositionality in Davidson’s Early Work
Authors: Pagin Peter
Published: April 2019

Davidson’s 1965 paper, “Theories of Meaning and Learnable Languages”, has (at least almost) invariably been interpreted, by others and by myself, as arguing that natural languages must have a compositional semantics, or at least a systematic semantics, that can be finitely specified. However, in his reply to me in the Żegleń volume, Davidson denies that compositionality is in any need of an argument. How does this add up?

In this paper I consider Davidson’s first three meaning theoretic papers from this perspective. I conclude that Davidson was right in his reply to me that he never took compositionality, or systematic semantics, to be in need of justification. What Davidson had been concerned with, clearly in the 1965 paper and in “Truth and Meaning” from 1967, and to some extent in his Carnap critique from 1963, is (i) that we need a general theory of natural language meaning, (ii) that such a theory should not be in conflict with the learnability of a language, and (iii) that such a theory bring out should how knowledge of a finite number of features of a language suffices for the understanding of all the sentences of that language.
Davidson’s Answer to Kripke’s Sceptic
Authors: Sultanescu Olivia , Verheggen Claudine
Published: April 2019

According to the sceptic Saul Kripke envisages in his celebrated book on Wittgenstein on rules and private language, there are no facts about an individual that determine what she means by any given expression. If there are no such facts, the question then is, what justifies the claim that she does use expressions meaningfully? Kripke’s answer, in a nutshell, is that she by and large uses her expressions in conformity with the linguistic standards of the community she belongs to. While Kripke’s sceptical problem has gripped philosophers for over three decades, few, if any, have been satisfied by his proposed solution, and many have struggled to come up with one of their own. The purpose of this paper is to show that a more satisfactory answer to Kripke’s challenge can be developed on the basis of Donald Davidson’s writings on triangulation, the idea of two individuals interacting simultaneously with each other and the world they share. It follows from the triangulation argument that the facts that can be regarded as determining meaning are irreducible. Yet, contra Kripke, they are not mysterious, for the argument does spell out what is needed for an individual’s expressions to be meaningful.
Donald Davidson: Looking Back, Looking Forward (Volume Introduction)
Authors: Verheggen Claudine
Published: April 2019

The papers collected in this issue were solicited to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of Donald Davidson’s birth. Four of them discuss the implications of Davidson’s views—in particular, his later views on triangulation—for questions that are still very much at the centre of current debates. These are, first, the question whether Saul Kripke’s doubts about meaning and rule-following can be answered without making concessions to the sceptic or to the quietist; second, the question whether a way can be found to answer Davidson’s own doubts about the continuity of non-propositional thought and language; third, the question whether normative properties can be at once causal and prescriptive; fourth, the question whether folk psychological explanations can be at once illuminating and autonomous. The fifth paper reexamines Davidson’s take on the principle of compositionality, which always was at the centre of his theorizing about language.
Adenine Methylation in Drosophila Is Associated with the Tissue-Specific Expression of Developmental and Regulatory Genes
Authors: Shah Kinnary , Cao Weihuan , Ellison Christopher E
Published: April 2019

N6-methyladenine (6mA or m6dA) is a DNA modification that has long been known to play an important role in a variety of biological functions in prokaryotes. This modification has only recently been described in eukaryotes, where it seems to have evolved species-specific functions ranging from nucleosome positioning to transposon repression. In Drosophila, 6mA has been shown to be important for enforcing the tissue specificity of neuronal genes in the brain and suppressing transposable element expression in the ovaries. In this study, we have analyzed the raw signal data from nanopore sequencing to identify 6mA positions in the D. melanogaster genome at single-base resolution. We find that this modification is enriched upstream from transcription start sites, within the introns and 3′ UTRs of genes, as well as in simple repeats. These 6mA positions are enriched for sequence motifs that are recognized by known transcriptional activators involved in development, such as Bicoid and Caudal, and the genes that carry this modification are enriched for functions involved in development, regulation of transcription, and neuronal activity. These genes show high expression specificity in a variety of tissues besides the brain, suggesting that this modification may play a more general role in enforcing the specificity of gene expression across many tissues, throughout development, and between the sexes.
Die Regulierung notleidender Kredite
Authors: Glos Alexander , Nemeczek Heinrich
Published: April 2019

Die Regulierung notleidender Kredite oder Risikopositionen („non-performing exposures“, „NPE“) ist seit einigen Jahren verstärkt in den Fokus der europäischen Aufsichtsbehörden sowie des europäischen Gesetzgebers gekommen. Angesichts hoher Bestände an NPE, die die Finanzlage einer Reihe von Kreditinstituten in der EU beeinträchtigen, verwundert es nicht, dass insbesondere die Europäische Kommission, die EZB sowie die EBA verschiedene Initiativen ergriffen haben, um die Probleme von NPE zu adressieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit zentralen Elementen der jüngsten regulatorischen und legislativen Bestrebungen zur Regulierung von NPE, zu denen die Einführung von Mindestdeckungsanforderungen für NPE, aufsichtliche Erwartungen an die Risikovorsorge für NPE im Rahmen der Pillar 2-Maßnahmen, Aufsichtsanforderungen an eine NPE-Strategie und NPE-Governance sowie die Regulierung von Kreditdienstleistern und Kreditkäufern gehören.
Provisional Validation of a Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Rosman Samantha L. , Karangwa Valens , Law Michael , Monuteaux Michael C. , Briscoe Christine Daneau , McCall Natalie
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The use of Pediatric Early Warning Scores is becoming widespread to identify and rapidly respond to patients with deteriorating conditions. The ability of Pediatric Early Warning Scores to identify children at high risk of deterioration or death has not, however, been established in resource-limited settings.

METHODS:

We developed the Pediatric Early Warning Score for Resource-Limited Settings (PEWS-RL) on the basis of expert opinion and existing scores. The PEWS-RL was derived from 6 equally weighted variables, producing a cumulative score of 0 to 6. We then conducted a case-control study of admissions to the pediatrics department of the main public referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda between November 2016 and March 2017. We defined case patients as children fulfilling the criteria for clinical deterioration, who were then matched with controls of the same age and hospital ward.

RESULTS:

During the study period, 627 children were admitted, from whom we selected 79 case patients and 79 controls. For a PEWS-RL of ≥3, sensitivity was 96.2%, and specificity was 87.3% for identifying patients at risk for clinical deterioration. A total PEWS-RL of ≥3 was associated with a substantially increased risk of clinical deterioration (odds ratio 129.3; 95% confidence interval 38.8–431.6; P <.005).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study reveals that the PEWS-RL, a simple score based on vital signs, mental status, and presence of respiratory distress, was feasible to implement in a resource-limited setting and was able to identify children at risk for clinical deterioration.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hapepunine in mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Zhang Qingwei , Lin Yijing , Lu Xiaojie , Zhong Zuoquan , Ma Jianshe , Wen Congcong , Ding Cheng
Published: April 2019

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was established to determine the hapepunine in mouse blood, and the pharmacokinetics of hapepunine after intravenous (1.0 mg/kg) and intragastric (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) administrations was studied. Delavinone was used as an internal standard. The UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column was used for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid with a gradient elution flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis of hapepunine in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive interface. Proteins from mouse blood were removed by acetonitrile precipitation. The verification method was established in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bioanalytical method validation guidelines. In the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL, the hapepunine in the mouse blood was linear (r2 > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL. In the mouse blood, the intra-day precision coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 12%, the inter-day precision CV was less than 14%. The accuracy ranged from 91.7% to 109.3%. The average recovery was higher than 76.7%, and the matrix effect was between 86.0% and 106.4%. The UPLC–MS/MS method was sensitive, rapid, and selective and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of hapepunine in mice. The absolute bioavailability of hapepunine was 22.0%.
Medical Care for Children with Cancer in the Russian Federation: Current Situation and Development Prospects
Authors: Rykov Maxim Yu.
Published: April 2019

Background. The social significance of pediatric oncology and attention to the problems of treating children, both representatives of the authorities and the community, a small number of primary patients detected annually, a shortage of pediatric oncologists and pediatric oncological beds explain problems in organizing medical care for this category of patients. This requires a search for new approaches to the organization of medical care, based on scientific calculations. Objective. Our aim was to improve the organization of medical care for children with cancer in the Russian Federation. Methods: The operative reports for 2017 of executive bodies in the sphere of health care 81/85 (95.3%) of the subjects of the Russian Federation were analyzed. Results. The number of children was 28 132 685 people. (0–17 years), the number of child oncology departments — 47, children›s oncological beds — 1925 (0.7 for 10,000), the average number of days of berth employment in the year — 315.3 days. In 30 (35.3%) subjects of the department of pediatric oncology are absent, in 12 (14.1%) — there are no children›s oncological beds. The number of physicians that provide medical care to children with cancer — 392, of which 259 (66%, 0.09 for 10 thousand) have a certificate, a pediatrician oncologist. In 12 (14.1%) subjects, there are no doctors-children oncologists, 6 (7%) did not provide these data. In 6 (7%) subjects there are no children›s oncological beds and doctors-children›s oncologists. The incidence of malignant tumors was 13.2 (100,000 thousand) prevalence — 91.3, death rate — 2.5, a one-year lethality — 6.5%. Actually revealed 8.3% of patients. 1385 (37.4%) of primary patients were sent to medical organizations of federal subordination, 61 (1.6%) primary patients left the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. It is necessary to take measures aimed at modernizing the system of rendering medical care to children with cancer, namely: to increase the reliability of statistical data, to analyze the needs of subjects in the number of children’s oncological beds and pediatric oncologists, to introduce criteria for selecting patients for children’s oncological beds as part of medical organizations of various levels, to minimize the deficit of doctors and children’s oncologists, to systematically increase the number of children’s cancer beds simultaneously dividing existing in accordance with the needs of the population and the level of congestion, as well as ensure the routing of patients in accordance with a three-tier model.
Surgical Treatment of Lymphangiom in Children: Case Series
Authors: Poddubnyi Igor’ V. , Ryabov Andrei B. , Abramyan Mikhail A. , Trunov Vladimir O. , Kozlov Mikhail Yu. , Topilin Oleg G. , Galkina Yanina A. , Shalatonin Mikhail P. , Mordvin Pavel P. , Tverdov Ivan V.
Published: April 2019

Background. Lymphangiomas are non-specific malformations that develop from the lymphatic vessels. Usually, the disease is asymptomatic, but there may be complications requiring emergency care. In the literature there is no consensus about the method of choice in the treatment of these formations. Description of A Case Series. The article is devoted to the evaluation of the efficacy of surgical treatment of lymphangiomas in children. There are also several clinical cases showing mediastinal lymphangioma with a clinical picture of respiratory failure, lymphangioma of the abdominal cavity, imitating the symptoms of an acute abdomen and lymphangioma of a rare anatomical localization. The results of treatment of 48 children for the period from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed at «Morozov Children Municipal Clinical Hospital» (Moscow). The basis of treatment was the removal of education within healthy tissues. When the radical intervention was impossible in 5 (10.4%) children we used resection of the tumor with sparing coagulation of the surface of the formation. Infectious complications arose in 3 (6.3%), lymphorrhea — in 13 (27.1%) patients. Recurrences of lymphangiomas developed in 2 (4.2%) patients. In the case of lymphorrhea, expectant management and parenteral nutrition were used. The repeated operations were performed with recurrences. The catamnesis ranges from 6 months to 10 years. Conclusion. Radical removal of lymphangiomas of internal organs can be recommended to children of any age as an effective way to treat this disease.
The power of suggestion
Authors: Buchbinder Mara
Published: April 2019

This article examines an ethical controversy that has received relatively little attention in public debates about the legalization of medical aid-in-dying (AID): should physicians inform patients that they have the option of hastening death? Drawing on ethnographic research about the implementation of AID in Vermont, I argue that how we understand the moral stakes of this debate depends on divergent views regarding language use in social interactions. Some stakeholders in this debate view a physician’s words as powerful enough to damage the patient-physician relationship or to influence a patient to hasten her death, while others believe that merely informing patients about AID cannot move them to act against their own values and preferences. I illustrate how these divergent perspectives are tied to competing language ideologies regarding clinical disclosure, which I call ‘disclosure ideologies’. My analysis of these two disclosure ideologies surrounding AID highlights disclosure practices in medicine as a rich site for medical anthropological theorizing on linguistic performativity and the social power of clinical language.
As the world ages
Authors: Abi-Rached Joelle M.
Published: April 2019

n/a
Okulöncesi Eğitim Kurumu Müdürlerinin Yönetim Becerileri ile Etkileme Güçleri Arasındaki İlişkilerin Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: Haveydi Cebrail , Alpaydın Yusuf
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı okulöncesi eğitim kurumu müdürlerinin yönetim becerileri ile etkileme güçleri arasındaki ilişkilerin öğretmen görüşlerine dayalı olarak tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Pendik ve Tuzla ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan resmi ve özel okulöncesi eğitim kurumlarında (Bağımsız Anaokulları) görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem ise bu genel evren içinden basit tesadüfi örneklem alma yoluyla belirlenen 155 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Şekerci (2006) tarafından geliştirilen “Okul Müdürlerinin Öğretmenleri Etkileme Ölçeği” ile Quast ve Hazucha (1992) tarafından geliştirilen "Yönetim Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerinin yönetim becerilerine ilişkin görüşleri cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş, kıdem, öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre toplam ölçek ve hiçbir alt boyutta farklılaşmamaktadır.  Öğretmen görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin yönetim becerileri öğretmenlerin okuldaki çalışma süresi, okul türü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşırken, cinsiyet, yaş, okuldaki çalışma süresi değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmamaktadır. Okul müdürünün öğretmeni etkileme düzeyi öğretmenlerin medeni durum, kıdem, öğrenim durumu, okul türlerine göre anlamlı ölçüde farklılaşmaktadır. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda yönetim becerileri ölçeği toplam puanları ve alt boyut puanları ile etkileme ölçeğinin yetki gücü alt boyutu arasında negatif yönde ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Yönetim becerileri ölçeği puanları ile etkileme ölçeğinin alt boyutları olan uzmanlık gücü ve kişilik boyutları ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna göre yetki yönetim becerileri arttıkça yetki gücünün kullanımı azalmakta uzmanlık ve kişilik güçlerinin kullanımı da artmaktadır.
Zamanla Değişen Parametreli Genişletilmiş Taylor Kuralı: Türkiye için Finansal İstikrarın Rolü
Authors: COŞAR Kübra , KÖSE Nezir
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada, finansal ve ekonomik göstergeler kullanılarak faktör analizi çerçevesinde Türkiye için 2002-2017 dönemlerini kapsayan aylık finansal istikrar endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Zamanla değişen parametreli Taylor eşitliği finansal istikrar endeksi ile genişletilmiştir. Kalman Filter Yöntemi ile tahmin edilen genişletilmiş Taylor eşitliğinden elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası politika faiz oranının finansal istikrar göstergesinden etkilendiğini göstermiştir.
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Tarafından Uygulanan Aday Öğretmen Yetiştirme Sürecine İlişkin Yapılan Çalışmaların Analizi
Authors: CENGİZ Ekrem
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Aday Öğretmen Yetiştirme” sürecine ilişkin olarak
yapılan akademik çalışmaları incelemektir. Bunun için bu konuda yapılan
çalışmalar Ulusal Tez Merkezi, ULAKBİM SBV tabanı ve Google Akademik gibi veri
tabanlarından “Aday Öğretmen Yetiştirme”, Aday Öğretmen MEB”, “Aday Öğretmen
Uygulama Süreci” gibi anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak taranmıştır. Çalışma
doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle yürütülmüş, veriler betimsel analiz ile analiz
edilmiştir. İncelenen yayınlar veri toplama araçları, yayın türü, çalışma
grubu/örneklem türü, araştırma yöntemi, kullanılan veri analiz yöntemleri vb.
gibi farklı başlıklarda analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda; makalelerin
daha fazla yer aldığı, adaylık eğitimi almış farklı branşlardaki öğretmenlerin
örneklem olarak seçildiği çıkan sonuçlar arasındadır. Danışman öğretmen ve okul
yöneticilerinin de yer aldığı örneklemlerle de çalışılması, farklı veri toplama
araçlarına daha fazla yer verilmesinin uygun olacağı şeklinde öneriler
sunulmuştur.
gmcSCRB-seq protocol v1
Authors: JWB Bagnoli Johannes , Ziegenhain Christoph , Janjic Aleksandar , Esteban Wange Lucas , Vieth Beate , Parekh Swati , Geuder Johanna , Hellmann Ines , Enard Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

gmcSCRB-seq is an alternative lysis protocol to mcSCRB-seq (Publication and Protocol). gmcSCRB-seq uses Guanidine Hydrochloride in the lysis buffer and requires an additional cean up step. We recommend using this alternative lysis protocol in cases where cells are difficult to lyse or where the DNA appears degraded following the pre-amplification step. However, we have observed reduced sensitivity with gmcSCRB-seq compared to mcSCRB-seq and would therefore only recommend using it in cases where the latter does not produce high quality libraries.
FLASH v1
Authors: Ilik Ibrahim , Aktas Tugce , Maticzka Daniel , Backofen Rolf , Akhtar Asifa
Published: April 2019

Determination of the in vivo binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is paramount to understanding their function and how they affect different aspects of gene regulation. With hundreds of RNA-binding proteins identified in human cells, a flexible, high-resolution, high-throughput, highly multiplexible and radioactivity-free method to determine their binding site has not been described to date. Here we report FLASH (Fast Ligation of RNA after some sort of Affinity Purification for High-throughput Sequencing), which uses a special adapter design and an optimized protocol to determine protein-RNA interactions in living cells. The entire FLASH protocol, starting from cells-on-plates to a sequencing library, takes 1.5 days. We demonstrate the flexibility, speed and versatility of FLASH by using it to determine RNA targets of both tagged and endogenously expressed proteins under diverse conditions in vivo.