bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Database Characteristics on the Internal Consistency of Predictive Models of Trace Element Partitioning for Clinopyroxene, Garnet, and Amphibole
Authors: Cung Erica W. , Ustunisik Gokce K. , Wolf Aaron S. , Nielsen Roger L.
Published: June 2023

Understanding the processes that produce the major and trace element signature of igneous materials requires quantitative models of the behavior of trace elements under the full range of natural conditions. Such predictive models are based on the results of laboratory experiments used to calibrate expressions via regression analysis. The predictive accuracy of those expressions depends on the number of experiments where a specific element was measured and the analytical precision/accuracy of the measurements, together with models that accommodate the known dependencies. A factor that has rarely been considered in such models is the “coverage” with respect to the range of composition, pressure, and temperature in the experimental data. The goal of this research is to evaluate how partition coefficients (Di) for clinopyroxene, amphibole, and garnet correlate with a variety of intensive and compositional variables for minerals with different substitution mechanisms. Our results show that the number of experimental determinations, even within a group of elements that behave systematically (e.g., REE), may vary by as much as a factor of five. Further, there are significant differences in the average composition, temperature, and pressure of the experimental database for each element. In addition, the combination of database differences and analytical precision for each element result in systematic differences in the magnitude of the controlling parameters. All of these factors impact the predictive power of the regressions on which we rely and can produce a bias in the predicted behavior that may be correlated with analytical error or average composition of the experiments.
Stepwise Widening of the Central Andes—The Role of the Lower Crust
Authors: Wang Huilin , Currie Claire A.
Published: June 2023

The outward growth of many orogens occurs through pulsed migration of the strain front. During Cenozoic shortening of the central Andes, the strain front abruptly migrated ∼400 km eastward across the Altiplano, isolating the plateau interior from major deformation. In contrast to the traditional critical wedge model that focuses on shallow crust deformation, our lithosphere‐scale numerical models show the ductile lower crust plays a key role in the dynamics of the orogen. As the orogen grows upward, the lower crust flows outward and causes stepwise expansion of the orogen through landward‐migrating deformation. The step length of the strain‐front migration increases with decreasing lower crustal strength. Topographically, a weaker crust promotes the formation of a smooth plateau and underthrusting of stronger foreland lithosphere. Our results indicate that the seemly unrelated physiography, deep‐lithosphere structure, and plateau‐wide strain migration in the Altiplano may all be the result of a weak lower crust.
Growth rate is a dominant factor predicting the rhizosphere effect
Authors: López José L , Fourie Arista , Poppeliers Sanne W M , Pappas Nikolaos , Sánchez-Gil Juan J , de Jonge Ronnie , Dutilh Bas E
Published: June 2023

The root microbiome is shaped by plant root activity, which selects specific microbial taxa from the surrounding soil. This influence on the microorganisms and soil chemistry in the immediate vicinity of the roots has been referred to as the rhizosphere effect. Understanding the traits that make bacteria successful in the rhizosphere is critical for developing sustainable agriculture solutions. In this study, we compared the growth rate potential, a complex trait that can be predicted from bacterial genome sequences, to functional traits encoded by proteins. We analyzed 84 paired rhizosphere- and soil-derived 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets from 18 different plants and soil types, performed differential abundance analysis, and estimated growth rates for each bacterial genus. We found that bacteria with higher growth rate potential consistently dominated the rhizosphere, and this trend was confirmed in different bacterial phyla using genome sequences of 3270 bacterial isolates and 6707 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 1121 plant- and soil-associated metagenomes. We then identified which functional traits were enriched in MAGs according to their niche or growth rate status. We found that predicted growth rate potential was the main feature for differentiating rhizosphere and soil bacteria in machine learning models, and we then analyzed the features that were important for achieving faster growth rates, which makes bacteria more competitive in the rhizosphere. As growth rate potential can be predicted from genomic data, this work has implications for understanding bacterial community assembly in the rhizosphere, where many uncultivated bacteria reside.
A dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-based dynamic functional connectivity model of rumination
Authors: Kim Jungwoo , Andrews-Hanna Jessica R. , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Lux Byeol Kim , Kim Hong Ji , Lee Eunjin , Lindquist Martin A. , Losin Elizabeth A. Reynolds , Wager Tor D. , Woo Choong-Wan
Published: June 2023

Rumination is a cognitive style characterized by repetitive thoughts about one’s negative internal states and is a common symptom of depression. Previous studies have linked trait rumination to alterations in the default mode network, but predictive brain markers of rumination are lacking. Here, we adopt a predictive modeling approach to develop a neuroimaging marker of rumination based on the variance of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity and test it across 5 diverse subclinical and clinical samples (total n = 288). A whole-brain marker based on dynamic connectivity with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) emerges as generalizable across the subclinical datasets. A refined marker consisting of the most important features from a virtual lesion analysis further predicts depression scores of adults with major depressive disorder (n = 35). This study highlights the role of the dmPFC in trait rumination and provides a dynamic functional connectivity marker for rumination.
Adoptive T cell transfer and host antigen-presenting cell recruitment with cryogel scaffolds promotes long-term protection against solid tumors
Authors: Adu-Berchie Kwasi , Brockman Joshua M. , Liu Yutong , To Tania W. , Zhang David K. Y. , Najibi Alexander J. , Binenbaum Yoav , Stafford Alexander , Dimitrakakis Nikolaos , Sobral Miguel C. , Dellacherie Maxence O. , Mooney David J.
Published: June 2023

Although adoptive T cell therapy provides the T cell pool needed for immediate tumor debulking, the infused T cells generally have a narrow repertoire for antigen recognition and limited ability for long-term protection. Here, we present a hydrogel that locally delivers adoptively transferred T cells to the tumor site while recruiting and activating host antigen-presenting cells with GMCSF or FLT3L and CpG, respectively. T cells alone loaded into these localized cell depots provided significantly better control of subcutaneous B16-F10 tumors than T cells delivered through direct peritumoral injection or intravenous infusion. T cell delivery combined with biomaterial-driven accumulation and activation of host immune cells prolonged the activation of the delivered T cells, minimized host T cell exhaustion, and enabled long-term tumor control. These findings highlight how this integrated approach provide both immediate tumor debulking and long-term protection against solid tumors, including against tumor antigen escape.
Adolescent leisure reading and its longitudinal association with prosocial behavior and social adjustment
Authors: Lenhart Jan , Richter Tobias , Appel Markus , Mar Raymond A.
Published: June 2023

Reading is a popular leisure activity for children, teenagers, and adults. Several theories agree that reading might improve social cognition, but the empirical evidence remains tentative, with research on adolescents especially lacking. We employed a very large, and nationally representative, longitudinal dataset from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) in Germany to examine this hypothesis. Specifically, we tested whether reading prospectively predicted future self-reported prosocial behavior and social adjustment in adolescents, controlling for a number of covariates. Two-way cross-lagged panel analyses probed the longitudinal relationship between leisure reading and these social outcomes from Grade 6 to Grade 9. In addition, we examined the effect of cumulative reading experience across Grades 5–8 on future social outcomes, using structural equation modeling. We also explored the unique contributions of cumulative reading experience in different literary genres (classic literature, popular literature, nonfiction, comic books). Cumulative reading in general did not predict future prosocial behavior and social adjustment. However, cumulative reading of modern classic literature was positively associated with later prosocial behavior and social adjustment.

Protocol registration

The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 08 November 2021. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KSWY7.
Inhibition of cell cycle-dependent hyphal and biofilm formation by a novel cytochalasin 19,20‑epoxycytochalasin Q in Candida albicans
Authors: Watchaputi Kwanrutai , Jayasekara L. A. Channa Bhathiya , Ratanakhanokchai Khanok , Soontorngun Nitnipa
Published: June 2023

Biofilm-mediated drug resistance is a key virulence factor of pathogenic microbes that cause a serious global health threat especially in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we investigated the antihyphal and antibiofilm activity of 19,20‑epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ), a cytochalasin actin inhibitor isolated from medicinal mushroom Xylaria sp. BCC1067 against Candida albicans. Remarkably, 256 µg/ml of ECQ inhibited over 95% of C. albicans hyphal formation after 24 h-treatment. Combined ECQ and lipid-based biosurfactant effectively enhanced the antihyphal activity, lowering required ECQ concentrations. Hyphal fragmentation and reduction of biofilm biomass, shown by SEM and AFM visualization of ECQ-treated biofilms, were well corelated to the reduced metabolic activities of young and 24 h-preformed C. albicans biofilms. Induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also occurred in accompany with the leakage of shrunken cell membrane and defective cell wall at increasing ECQ concentrations. Transcriptomic analyses via RNA-sequencing revealed a massive change (> 1300 genes) in various biological pathways, following ECQ-treatment. Coordinated expression of genes, associated with cellular response to drugs, filamentous growth, cell adhesion, biofilm formation, cytoskeleton organization, cell division cycle, lipid and cell wall metabolisms was confirmed via qRT-PCR. Protein–protein association tool identified coupled expression between key regulators of cell division cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdc19/28) and a gamma-tubulin (Tub4). They coordinated ECQ-dependent hyphal specific gene targets of Ume6 and Tec1 during different phases of cell division. Thus, we first highlight the antihyphal and antibiofilm property of the novel antifungal agent ECQ against one of the most important life-threatening fungal pathogens by providing its key mechanistic detail in biofilm-related fungal infection.
Formerly bile-farmed bears as a model of accelerated ageing
Authors: Kalogeropoulu Szilvia K. , Rauch-Schmücking Hanna , Lloyd Emily J. , Stenvinkel Peter , Shiels Paul G. , Johnson Richard J. , Fröbert Ole , Redtenbacher Irene , Burgener Iwan A. , Painer-Gigler Johanna
Published: June 2023

Bear bile-farming is common in East and Southeast Asia and this farming practice often results in irreversible health outcomes for the animals. We studied long-term effects of chronic bacterial and sterile hepatobiliary inflammation in 42 Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) rescued from Vietnamese bile farms. The bears were examined under anesthesia at least twice as part of essential medical interventions. All bears were diagnosed with chronic low-grade sterile or bacterial hepatobiliary inflammation along with pathologies from other systems. Our main finding was that the chronic low-grade inflammatory environment associated with bile extraction in conjunction with the suboptimal living conditions on the farms promoted and accelerated the development of age-related pathologies such as chronic kidney disease, obese sarcopenia, cardiovascular remodeling, and degenerative joint disease. Through a biomimetic approach, we identified similarities with inflammation related to premature aging in humans and found significant deviations from the healthy ursid phenotype. The pathological parallels with inflammageing and immuno-senescence induced conditions in humans suggest that bile-farmed bears may serve as animal models to investigate pathophysiology and deleterious effects of lifestyle-related diseases.
Evaluating the use of a balance prosthesis during balance perturbations in children and young adults with cochleovestibular dysfunction
Authors: Benjamin Rebecca S. , Cushing Sharon L. , Blakeman Alan W. , Campos Jennifer L. , Papsin Blake C. , Gordon Karen A.
Published: June 2023

Study objectives were to: (1) quantify stability in children and young adults using cochlear implants with concurrent cochleovestibular dysfunction (CI-V) during balance perturbations and (2) to assess effects of an auditory head-referencing device (BalanCI) on their stability. The BalanCI provides auditory feedback via cochlear implants to cue posture and potentially avoid falling in children with CI-V. It was hypothesized that children and young adults with CI-V respond with larger movements to floor perturbations than typically-developing peers (controls) and that BalanCI use decreases these movements. Motion in response to treadmill perturbations was captured by markers on the head, torso, and feet in eight CI-V and 15 control participants. Stability (area under the curve of motion displacement) and peak displacement latencies were measured. The CI-V group demonstrated less stability and slower responses than the control group during medium and large backwards perturbations (p’s < 0.01). In the CI-V group, BalanCI use improved stability during large backwards perturbations (p < 0.001), but worsened stability during large sideways perturbations (p’s < 0.001). Children and young adults with CI-V move more to remain upright during perturbations than typically-developing peers. The BalanCI has potential to aid physical/vestibular therapy in children with CIs who have poor balance.
Reading and lexical–semantic retrieval tasks outperforms single task speech analysis in the screening of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Martínez-Nicolás Israel , Martínez-Sánchez Francisco , Ivanova Olga , Meilán Juan J. G.
Published: June 2023

Age-related cognitive impairment have increased dramatically in recent years, which has risen the interes in developing screening tools for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Speech analysis allows to exploit the behavioral consequences of cognitive deficits on the patient's vocal performance so that it is possible to identify pathologies affecting speech production such as dementia. Previous studies have further shown that the speech task used determines how the speech parameters are altered. We aim to combine the impairments in several speech production tasks in order to improve the accuracy of screening through speech analysis. The sample consists of 72 participants divided into three equal groups of healthy older adults, people with mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer's disease, matched by age and education. A complete neuropsychological assessment and two voice recordings were performed. The tasks required the participants to read a text, and complete a sentence with semantic information. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis was performed to select speech parameters with discriminative power. The discriminative functions obtained an accuracy of 83.3% in simultaneous classifications of several levels of cognitive impairment. It would therefore be a promising screening tool for dementia.
Discovery of a new Hepatozoon species namely Hepatozoon viperoi sp. nov. in nose-horned vipers in Türkiye
Authors: Ceylan Onur , Úngari Letícia Pereira , Sönmez Gonca , Gul Cigdem , Ceylan Ceylan , Tosunoglu Murat , Baycan Bengi , O’Dwyer Lucia Helena , Sevinc Ferda
Published: June 2023

Although Hepatozoon spp. remains the most prevalent intracellular protozoa infecting snakes, it was reported only in a few snake species of the Colubridae family in Türkiye. Moreover, studies on these hemoparasites are not available in venomous nose-horned vipers from Türkiye. In this study, we investigated Hepatozoon spp. in three individual Vipera ammodytes using morphological and molecular methods. Our results were positive for intraerythrocytic Hepatozoon spp. gamonts in all three snakes, exhibiting low parasitemia. The microscopic findings were further confirmed through molecular data. A genus-specific PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene region of Hepatozoon spp., was performed using HemoF/HemoR and Hep300/Hep900 primers. The obtained sequences were concatenated and used in phylogenetic analyses in comparison with different Hepatozoon species. Although our (OP377741) isolate was separated into a different branch, it was clustered with the isolates of H. massardi (KC342526), H. cevapii (KC342525), and H. annulatum (ON262426) from Brazilian snakes. Moreover, gene similarity and pair-wise distance between our isolate and other Hepatozoon species infecting snakes were found to be 89.30–98.63% and 0.009–0.077, respectively. Hence, we reported a new species of Hepatozoon, namely Hepatozoon viperoi sp. nov. infecting V. ammodytes. Since the literature does not indicate the existence of such a Hepatozoon species in V. ammodytes in different countries, our data may contribute to the expanding knowledge of Hepatozoon species in snakes, providing new insights into the biodiversity of the haemogregarine protozoan parasite.
Automated patent extraction powers generative modeling in focused chemical spaces
Authors: Subramanian Akshay , P. Greenman Kevin , Gervaix Alexis , Yang Tzuhsiung , Gómez-Bombarelli Rafael
Published: June 2023

Automated patent mining creates domain-specific datasets of molecular structures for generative modeling with limited human intervention.
A room temperature ferroelectric material with photoluminescence: (1,3-dicyclohexylimidazole)2MnCl4
Authors: Chen Peng , Jiao Shulin , Tang Zheng , Sun Xiaofan , Li Dong , Yang Zhu , Lu Yanzhou , Zhang Wentao , Cai Hong-Ling , Wu X. S.
Published: June 2023

An above-room-temperature molecular ferroelectric material with luminescence properties.
Pathways to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction identified through direct pore-level modeling
Authors: Johnson Evan F. , Boutin Etienne , Liu Shuo , Haussener Sophia
Published: June 2023

CO2 reduction in gas diffusion electrodes is modeled using direct numerical simulation, with species transport resolved in 2D throughout the catalyst layer, including steric effects. Modeling yields numerous ways to optimize GDE performance.
Introduction to nanomaterials for printed electronics
Authors: Casiraghi Cinzia , Jurchescu Oana D. , Magdassi Shlomo , Su Wenming
Published: June 2023

Guest Editors Cinzia Casiraghi, Oana D. Jurchescu, Shlomo Magdassi and Wenming Su introduce the themed collection on Nanomaterials for printed electronics.
Quantifying superparamagnetic signatures in nanoparticle magnetite: a generalized approach for physically meaningful statistics and synthesis diagnostics
Authors: Kirkpatrick Kyle M. , Zhou Benjamin H. , Bunting Philip C. , Rinehart Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2023

The characteristic statistical response of superparamagnetic materials under magnetic stimuli provides quantitative insight into structure–function relationships, facilitating comparative data interpretation and paving the way for the design of superior functional materials.
An improved fault control strategy for virtual synchronous generator with the coordination of STATCOM during unbalanced fault
Authors: Wang Yu , Ji Liang , Ding Yifan , Chang Xiao , Hong Qiteng , Li Botong , Li Zhenkun , Yang Xingwu
Published: June 2023

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is a good solution for stabilizing the power system with high penetration of renewable energy. However, in case of serious unbalanced voltage disturbance/fault, the conventional VSG may lose voltage, inertia, and damping support characteristics to the grid and even can cause disconnection of renewable energy. This paper proposes an improved fault control strategy for VSG with the coordination of STATCOM. The proposed method can provide sufficient voltage support while keeping continuous system inertia and damping support under severe unbalanced fault. In the paper, an improved VSG and STATCOM control topology based on positive and negative sequence current control are first proposed so as to keep the damping and inertia support to grid during the grid fault. Secondly, the voltage support control method for the VSG with improved topology during unbalanced fault is introduced, which can achieve multiple control objectives, in terms of voltage support, current limitation, and active power output simultaneously. Then a coordination control scheme of improved VSG and STATCOM is developed so as to optimize the maximum control objectives in all possible scenarios, especially in the case of severe unbalanced fault. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform.
On the mixed regularity of N-body Coulombic wavefunctions
Authors: Meng Long
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we prove a new mixed regularity of Coulombic wavefunction taking into account the Pauli exclusion principle. We also study the hyperbolic cross space approximation of eigenfunctions associated with this new regularity, and deduce the corresponding error estimates in L2-norm and H1-semi-norm. The proofs are based on the study of extended Hardy-type inequalities for Coulomb-type potentials.
Developments in photothermal conversion could lead to safer, more efficient deicing
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2023

New techniques, such as combined “photothermal+” strategies, mitigate drawbacks when limited light is available.
Discourses on gender in climate change adaptation projects of Bangladesh
Authors: Dev Debashish Sarker , van de Fliert Elske
Published: June 2023

The study examines why certain discourses on gender are more powerful than others in describing intentions for
gender inclusion in development projects. A critical discourse analysis was carried out on texts of climate change adaptation
projects implemented during 2009–2020 in rural Bangladesh. This article argues that gender is currently not considered enough in
climate action and that gender discourses focus primarily on ‘women’s participation, more precisely, ‘women’s presence in poverty
reduction and empowerment projects. The discourses reinscribe to the long-established economic priorities of development rather
than exploring new dimensions to challenge social norms that define perpetual gender inequalities. This study suggests that
greater attention is required to address the gender realities of non-binary categories, ethnic groups, non-poor social classes,
and religious minorities to effectively plan and implement adaptation projects to support the diverse needs of vulnerable
people.
Effect of reaction path on high-pressure synthesis and stability of ruthenium hydrides
Authors: Li Xin , Huang Xiaoli , Cui Tian
Published: June 2023

This study explores the behavior of ruthenium hydrides under high-pressure conditions through three thermodynamical paths using laser-heated diamond anvil cells. The synthesis of RuH0.9 occurs gradually exceeding the pressure of 23.5 GPa in the ambient temperature path, while RuH is successfully synthesized at pressures above 20 GPa and a temperature of 1500 K. High-temperature conditions are found to reduce the pressure required for synthesis. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen occupancy of octahedral interstitial sites in the ruthenium hydrides is found to reach saturation with complete hydrogen absorption in the high-temperature path. Moreover, the crystallinity of the ruthenium hydride samples improves at higher temperatures, with the grain size increasing from 10 nm in the ambient temperature path to submicron in the high-temperature path. However, the predicted RuH6 and RuH3 were not observed in the present work.
Effect of the Rashba interaction on the tunneling time and Hartman effect in an 8-Pmmn borophene superlattice
Authors: Sattari Farhad
Published: June 2023

The spin-dependent group delay time and Hartman effect as well as the valley/spin polarization in an 8-Pmmn borophene superlattice under Rashba interaction are investigated theoretically, by using the stationary phase and the transfer matrix approaches. The group delay time depends on the spin degree of freedoms, and can be effectively controlled by changing the direction of superlattice, incident electron angle and Rashba strength. Both the valley and spin polarization reveal a strong dependence on the number of the superlattice barriers. Furthermore, group delay time oscillates as the width of the potential barriers increases, but in special conditions, the dependence on the width of the potential barriers will disappear. Interestingly, by increasing the angle of the direction of the superlattice the Hartman effect can be observed for most electron incidence angles. Our study show that, the 8-Pmmn borophene superlattice can be useful for future electronics and spintronics applications.
Improved performance in temperature and speed of TCP artificial muscles for soft wearables robots by length modification
Authors: Gonzalez-Vazquez Alberto , García Lorenzo , Kilby Jeff
Published: June 2023

Artificial muscles provide a unique solution for wearable rehabilitation robots (WRRs) because they are compliant, compact, and lightweight. Twisted and coiled polymer actuators (TCPs) are artificial muscles from thermally activated polymer fibres. They present high power density, linearity, stress and strain compared to other artificial muscles. Nevertheless, as TCPs require heat to start, their main barrier for widespread use in WRRs are their slow reaction times and the high temperatures they reach. Previous studies have analysed different parameters, like fibre material, fibre diameter, and various cooling systems, to improve TCP frequency response and working temperature. Nevertheless, the length of the actuator has not been explored as a possible parameter to enhance the actuation performance in this regard. This work focuses on studying the behaviour of TCPs with different lengths and how the performance in frequency response and temperature can be improved using the length as a primary parameter, as they are critical for wearable robots. First, a characterisation of the TCPs was performed. Then, a method to improve frequency response, based on offsets on long actuators was implemented and validated using a chirp signal. The experimental results show that the mechanical characteristics are similar regardless of the actuator’s length. They reached a strain of 10% with a power of 0.16 W cm−1. However, the electrothermal properties changed as the power needed to increase temperature was higher when the actuator was enlarged. Therefore, an improvement in the required temperature was found, able to reduce the temperature with the same frequency response. Regarding the technique to enhance the speed of the actuator, it was possible to increase the frequency by 0.0006 Hz for each mm applied as an offset. Hence, the frequency response for the same displacement was increased linearly as the actuator was elongated.
Managed retreat: a nationwide study of the local, racially segmented resettlement of homeowners from rising flood risks
Authors: Elliott James R , Wang Zheye
Published: June 2023

The government-funded retreat of homeowners from flood-prone housing is a globally ascendant policy of climate adaptation. Yet, we still know relatively little about some fairly basic questions involving its participants: e.g. How much risk do homeowners tolerate before retreating? Where do they move? Does that move reduce their future flood risk? And, to what extent do answers to these questions vary by the type of racial and ethnic communities in which they live? To answer these questions, we combine novel address-to-address residential history data with future flood risk estimates and indices of local context to better understand how retreat is unfolding across the United States. Results indicate that, when voluntarily undertaken, retreat is a highly local process that yields notable reductions in household flood risk. These movements, however, are racially segmented, with homeowners in majority-White communities being more likely to stay in the face of higher risk and less likely to relocate to nearby areas that are not also majority-White.
Optimised Trotter decompositions for classical and quantum computing
Authors: Ostmeyer Johann
Published: June 2023

Suzuki–Trotter decompositions of exponential operators like

exp
(
H
t
)

are required in almost every branch of numerical physics. Often the exponent under consideration has to be split into more than two operators

H
=

∑
k

A
k

, for instance as local gates on quantum computers. We demonstrate how highly optimised schemes originally derived for exactly two operators

A

1
,
2

can be applied to such generic Suzuki–Trotter decompositions, providing a formal proof of correctness as well as numerical evidence of efficiency. A comprehensive review of existing symmetric decomposition schemes up to order

n
⩽
4

is presented and complemented by a number of novel schemes, including both real and complex coefficients. We derive the theoretically most efficient unitary and non-unitary 4th order decompositions. The list is augmented by several exceptionally efficient schemes of higher order

n
⩽
8

. Furthermore we show how Taylor expansions can be used on classical devices to reach machine precision at a computational effort at which state of the art Trotterization schemes do not surpass a relative precision of 10−4. Finally, a short and easily understandable summary explains how to choose the optimal decomposition in any given scenario.
Signatures of physical constraints in rotating rigid bodies
Authors: Gutierrez Guillen G J , Arroyo E Aldo , Mardešić P , Sugny D
Published: June 2023

We study signatures of physical constraints on free rotations of rigid bodies. We show analytically that the physical or non-physical nature of the moments of inertia of a system can be detected by qualitative changes both in the Montgomery phase and in the tennis racket effect.
Non-uniqueness in plane fluid flows
Authors: Gimperlein Heiko , Grinfeld Michael , Knops Robin , Slemrod Marshall
Published: June 2023

Examples of dynamical systems proposed by Z. Artstein and C. M. Dafermos admit non-unique solutions that track a one parameter family of closed circular orbits contiguous at a single point. Switching between orbits at this single point produces an infinite number of solutions with the same initial data. Dafermos appeals to a maximal entropy rate criterion to recover uniqueness.

These results are here interpreted as non-unique Lagrange trajectories on a particular spatial region. The corresponding special velocity is proved consistent with plane steady compressible fluid flows that for specified pressure and mass density satisfy not only the Euler equations but also the Navier-Stokes equations for specially chosen volume and (positive) shear viscosities. The maximal entropy rate criterion recovers uniqueness.
PharmBERT: a domain-specific BERT model for drug labels
Authors: ValizadehAslani Taha , Shi Yiwen , Ren Ping , Wang Jing , Zhang Yi , Hu Meng , Zhao Liang , Liang Hualou
Published: June 2023

Human prescription drug labeling contains a summary of the essential scientific information needed for the safe and effective use of the drug and includes the Prescribing Information, FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guides, Patient Package Inserts and/or Instructions for Use), and/or carton and container labeling. Drug labeling contains critical information about drug products, such as pharmacokinetics and adverse events. Automatic information extraction from drug labels may facilitate finding the adverse reaction of the drugs or finding the interaction of one drug with another drug. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques, especially recently developed Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), have exhibited exceptional merits in text-based information extraction. A common paradigm in training BERT is to pretrain the model on large unlabeled generic language corpora, so that the model learns the distribution of the words in the language, and then fine-tune on a downstream task. In this paper, first, we show the uniqueness of language used in drug labels, which therefore cannot be optimally handled by other BERT models. Then, we present the developed PharmBERT, which is a BERT model specifically pretrained on the drug labels (publicly available at Hugging Face). We demonstrate that our model outperforms the vanilla BERT, ClinicalBERT and BioBERT in multiple NLP tasks in the drug label domain. Moreover, how the domain-specific pretraining has contributed to the superior performance of PharmBERT is demonstrated by analyzing different layers of PharmBERT, and more insight into how it understands different linguistic aspects of the data is gained.
Different levels of visuospatial abilities linked to differential brain correlates underlying visual mental segmentation processes in autism
Authors: Thérien Véronique D , Degré-Pelletier Janie , Barbeau Elise B , Samson Fabienne , Soulières Isabelle
Published: June 2023

The neural underpinnings of enhanced locally oriented visual processing that are specific to autistics with a Wechsler’s Block Design (BD) peak are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the brain correlates underlying visual segmentation associated with the well-established autistic superior visuospatial abilities in distinct subgroups using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This study included 31 male autistic adults (15 with (AUTp) and 16 without (AUTnp) a BD peak) and 28 male adults with typical development (TYP). Participants completed a computerized adapted BD task with models having low and high perceptual cohesiveness (PC). Despite similar behavioral performances, AUTp and AUTnp showed generally higher occipital activation compared with TYP participants. Compared with both AUTnp and TYP participants, the AUTp group showed enhanced task-related functional connectivity within posterior visuoperceptual regions and decreased functional connectivity between frontal and occipital-temporal regions. A diminished modulation in frontal and parietal regions in response to increased PC was also found in AUTp participants, suggesting heavier reliance on low-level processing of global figures. This study demonstrates that enhanced visual functioning is specific to a cognitive phenotypic subgroup of autistics with superior visuospatial abilities and reinforces the need to address autistic heterogeneity by good cognitive characterization of samples in future studies.
Beyond Expectations of Resilience: Towards a Language of Care
Authors: Shwaikh Malaka
Published: June 2023

This article draws from hundreds of interviews and conversations with survivors of wars and violence in different contexts to show the limits of resilience. I bring together stories from my experiences talking with survivors across many countries—including Palestine, South Africa, Northern Ireland, Qatar, Jordan, and the United Kingdom. Through employing ethnographic and autoethnographic methods, I argue that resilience expectations may impose supernatural coping mechanisms on communities struggling with adversities, romanticize them as exemplary in enduring injustices, obscure their humanity, and normalize (structural) violence they continue to experience or reduce its severity. I question who benefits from an overemphasis on and financing of resilience, especially within (international) development organizations. The communities I spoke with all contend that resilience is not just a useless word but also a discourse, a way of thinking, and a policy implemented during difficulties. They emphasize that the cheap (re)production of them as extraordinary people, who are expected to endure suffering, is violent because it places the onus on them to be resilient on issues beyond their control while, often, ignoring layers of (structural) violence and subsequent traumas they face. As an alternative discourse to resilience, I propose a collective and caring approach that deals with root causes of violence instead of ignoring them.
Time and space as two basic attributes of Buddhist monuments: An introduction to the design, implementation, and application of the data platform of Buddhist monuments in China
Authors: Wang Weiqiao , Li Kequan
Published: June 2023

The Data Platform of Buddhist Monuments in Time and Space (buddhist.wiki) is a research infrastructure that focuses on collecting and presenting related materials of Buddhist monuments, which are presented by Geo map and complete archive from five aspects: overview, architecture, history, art, and personage. Time and space are extracted as two basic attributes and applied as design dimensions to organize the order of huge amounts of graphic and text data, which provide systematic convenience for the collection, presentation, search, and research for the data platform. After a preliminary introduction to the importance of Buddhist monuments, data characteristics, and construction purposes of the data platform, this article introduces its design, implementation, and application from three aspects: first, the graphic and text data source characteristics related to Buddhist monuments are investigated to analyse how time and space (data attributes) are used as design dimensions to achieve high-degree data collection and presentation integration; secondly, data platform implementation is introduced in detail, including data acquisition, data storage design, and system design; finally, Tiantong Si is taken as an example to specifically introduce how time and space affect data platform design methods and participate in specific applications.
Prehabilitation in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy to Minimize Musculoskeletal Postoperative Complications and Enhance Recovery (PREOPtimize): A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Casanovas-Álvarez Anabel , Sebio-Garcia Raquel , Ciendones Magda , Cuartero Jordi , Estanyol Blanca , Padrós Josep , García-Valdecasas Bárbara , Barnadas Agustí , Masia Jaume
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a prehabilitation program (PREOPtimize), consisting of Nordic Walking and resistance training exercises plus health education among patients with breast cancer, who are receiving neoadjuvant therapy to enhance postoperative functionality of the affected arm. A secondary aim will be to compare the short-term effects of the intervention on other patient-reported outcome measures.

Methods

This will be an assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design conducted at a tertiary hospital. A sample of 64 patients with breast cancer scheduled for surgery and undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy will be recruited for the trial and randomly allocated to either (1) a prehabilitation program consisting of 2 weekly sessions of 75 minutes of Nordic Walking, muscle strengthening exercises, and health education sessions conducted between the fourth month of treatment and surgery or (2) usual care. Patients in both groups will be assessed at baseline, before surgery, and at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Assessed outcomes include functionality of the affected arm (QuickDash), arm volume, range of motion, handgrip strength, pain, fatigue, functional capacity, physical activity levels, and health-related quality of life. Adherence to the intervention in the prehabilitation group and adverse events will also be recorded.

Impact

Prehabilitation for patients affected by breast cancer is rarely implemented in clinical practice. The results obtained with the PREOPtimize trial could show that prehabilitation is a feasible intervention for patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy that might enhance postoperative recovery of upper arm function as well as improve overall physical performance and health-related quality of life.
Interlaboratory comparison of electron paramagnetic resonance tooth enamel dosimetry with investigations of the dose responses of the standard samples
Authors: Toyoda Shin , Inoue Kazuhiko , Yamaguchi Ichiro , Hoshi Masaharu , Hirota Seiko , Oka Toshitaka , Shimazaki Tatsuya , Mizuno Hideyuki , Tani Atsushi , Yasuda Hiroshi , Gonzales Chryzel A B , Okutsu Kenichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Tanaka Nao , Todaka Azumi
Published: June 2023

A total of seven Japanese laboratories participated in an intercomparison study to estimate the dose given to tooth enamel samples, using the electron spin resonance method. Each of four of the participating laboratories prepared a set of tooth enamel samples, using the electron spin resonance method. Four of the participating laboratories each prepared a set of tooth enamel samples, consisting of seven standard aliquots irradiated from 100 to 2000 mGy and three samples with an ‘unknown’ dose between 140 and 960 mGy, were intended to eliminate bias from sample preparation. Although not all seven laboratories measured all four sets of samples, the major finding was that systematic biases in estimating doses may be caused by differences in laboratory measurements rather than by the enamel extracting procedures. When doses were averaged by measurements made by multiple laboratories, the averaged values were close to the actual values. Scattering in the intercepts in the standard dose response would be a serious problem in actual dosimetry where no background sample is available.
The putative role of ferroptosis in gastric cancer: a review
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Haibin
Published: June 2023

Ferroptosis is a unique cell death modality triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, with cysteine metabolism and glutathione-dependent antioxidant defence responses as the primary triggering mechanisms. Ferroptosis is an independent tumour suppression mechanism and has been implicated in various disorders. In tumourigenesis, ferroptosis plays a dual role in promoting and inhibiting tumours. P53, NFE2L2, BAP1, HIF, and other tumour suppressor genes regulate ferroptosis, releasing damage-associated molecular patterns or lipid metabolites to influence cellular immune responses. Ferroptosis is also involved in tumour suppression and metabolism. The combination of amino acid, lipid, and iron metabolism is involved in the initiation and execution of ferroptosis, and metabolic regulatory mechanisms also play roles in malignancies. Most investigations into ferroptosis in gastric cancer are concentrated on predictive models, not the underlying processes. This review investigates the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis, tumour suppressor genes, and the tumour microenvironment.
Implementation of a risk-stratified, guideline-based clinical pathway of care to improve health outcomes following whiplash injury (Whiplash ImPaCT): a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Rebbeck Trudy , Bandong Aila Nica , Leaver Andrew , Ritchie Carrie , Armfield Nigel , Arora Mohit , Cameron Ian D. , Connelly Luke B. , Daniell Roy , Gillett Mark , Ingram Rodney , Jagnoor Jagnoor , Kenardy Justin , Mitchell Geoffrey , Refshauge Kathryn , Scotti Requena Simone , Robins Sarah , Sterling Michele
Published: June 2023

Current pathways of care for whiplash follow a “stepped care model,” result in modest treatment outcomes and fail to offer efficient management solutions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a risk-stratified clinical pathway of care (CPC) compared with usual care (UC) in people with acute whiplash. We conducted a multicentre, 2-arm, parallel, randomised, controlled trial in primary care in Australia. Participants with acute whiplash (n = 216) were stratified for risk of a poor outcome (low vs medium/high risk) and randomised using concealed allocation to either the CPC or UC. In the CPC group, low-risk participants received guideline-based advice and exercise supported by an online resource, and medium-risk/high-risk participants were referred to a whiplash specialist who assessed modifiable risk factors and then determined further care. The UC group received care from their primary healthcare provider who had no knowledge of risk status. Primary outcomes were neck disability index (NDI) and Global Rating of Change (GRC) at 3 months. Analysis blinded to group used intention-to-treat and linear mixed models. There was no difference between the groups for the NDI (mean difference [MD] [95% confidence interval (CI)] −2.34 [−7.44 to 2.76]) or GRC (MD 95% CI 0.08 [−0.55 to 0.70]) at 3 months. Baseline risk category did not modify the effect of treatment. No adverse events were reported. Risk-stratified care for acute whiplash did not improve patient outcomes, and implementation of this CPC in its current form is not recommended.
Clinical Decision Making in Forensic Nursing
Authors: Farzadfar Samira , Jafaraghaee Fateme , Karkhah Samad , Javadi-Pashaki Nazila , Kazemnezhad Leyli Ehsan , Sedghi Sabet Mitra
Published: June 2023

Background

Appropriate clinical decision making (CDM) is very important for emergency nurses when working with forensic patients with violence-related injuries and can improve patient outcomes. Therefore, it is essential for emergency nurses to have the basic skills to make the right clinical decisions when working with forensic patients.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the CDM of emergency nurses when caring for forensic patients.

Methods

This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. Nurses working in the seven emergency departments of Rasht hospitals, Guilan Province, Iran, were recruited to take part in the study. Data collection was performed via census sampling from September to November 2019. Data were collected via a two-part questionnaire developed by the researcher(s) that addressed (a) demographic characteristics and (b) simulated scenarios that assessed their CDM in caring for forensic patients.

Findings

One hundred ninety-two emergency nurses participated in this study. The mean score of CDM in forensic nursing was moderate (56.46; 95% CI [54.49, 58.43]). Of the participants, 60.42% of the emergency nurses had moderate CDM knowledge related to forensic nursing, whereas only 2.8% had desirable knowledge of CDM. There was a statistically significant relationship between CDM in forensic nursing and the history of encountering forensic patients (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

CDM scores regarding emergency nurses' knowledge of forensic nursing were moderate. Knowledge of and CDM in forensic nursing is very important and provides high-quality safe care for forensic patients.

Implications for Clinical Forensic Nursing Practice

This study highlights the importance of additional education and professional development in forensic nursing, for emergency nurses, and should be considered further by nursing administrators and nursing educators.