bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Movimiento corporal y aprendizaje del inglés: Significados afectivos de los infantes
Authors: Yilorm Barrientos Yasna , Martínez Elizabeth , Silva Dominguez Belén , Alarcón Natalia
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio se propone explorar los significados afectivos de las niñas y los niños de escuelas valdivianas en Chile acerca de la implementación de actividades que incluyen el movimiento corporal en el aula de inglés. Las investigaciones en el área han evidenciado que el movimiento corporal tiene un impacto significativo en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, permitiendo el desarrollo psicofisiológico de los infantes, mediante la producción de hormonas del disfrute y bienestar, los cuales conducen a niveles más alto de concentración, percepción, comprensión y construcción de los conocimientos. En este contexto, la inclusión del movimiento corporal en el aula de inglés, particularmente en la implementación de juegos y técnicas teatrales, representa una estrategia didáctica viable y efectiva para el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativasen la lengua extranjera, por cuanto promueve la motivación integrativa y reduce notoriamente los altos niveles de ansiedad y de estrés, producidos por la complejidad de estar expuesto a una lengua extranjera. La metodología de investigación está enmarcada en el paradigma cualitativo y se lleva a cabo a través de un estudio descriptivo de una muestra de 50 escolares, entre 7 y 10 años, de escuelas públicas chilenas. La discusión de los resultados evidencia que estos participantes demuestran altos niveles de satisfacción ante las actividades en la que se incorpora el movimiento corporal para el aprendizaje del inglés destacando la apropiación, comprensión de nuevos mensajes y producción de palabras, en un ambiente escolar creativo,amistoso y entretenido.
Práticas de formação de professores que formam Professores de matemática para educação básica
Authors: Melo Jose Ronaldo
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com a comunidade de alunos e formadores de professores de matemática da Universidade Federal do Acre. Investigamos como essa comunidade aprende e transforma suas práticas, sobretudo seus discursos e saberes sobre formação de professores de matemática num contexto de mudanças curriculares. Utilizamos como fontes de informação e obtenção de dados a abordagem metodológica “biografias de histórias de vida”. As histórias de vida situadas em comunidade de prática, num contexto sociopolítico e cultural mais amplo constituíram-se em instrumento valioso, tendo proporcionado uma multiplicidade de informações e possibilidades de se perceber, analisar e compreender as práticas e a formação dos professores formadores, sobretudo quando comparada com outras comunidades de referências.
Programa educacional público paulista Inova Educação: transformação hoje, inspiração amanhã
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Pereira
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho envolve a mudança na educação pública paulista a partir do Programa Inova, refletindo a respeito do impacto das ações administrativas na prática docente. O desenvolvimento do texto foi feito através da análise documental e bibliográfica. O programa resultou em alterações na rotina, novas matérias e imputou mais responsabilidade para alunos e professores. Logo, a escola está incorporando metodologias de controle de gestão e fazendo com que as ações de professores e alunos busquem metas estabelecidas que são representadas na nota no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Brasileira (IDEB).
Hipotezy biogenezy krzemowej a zagadnienie elementarnej jednostki życia
Authors: Wnuk Marian
Published: January 2022

W artykule przedstawiono problem modelowania minimalnego systemu żywego z punktu widzenia hipotez mineralnych początków życia. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono hipotezom sformułowanym przez Włodzimierza Sedlaka (krzemowe formy życia) i przez Alexandra Grahama Cairns-Smitha (mineralny „gen”). Wskazano na możliwość rekonstrukcji nowego modelu elementarnej jednostki życia. Dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa dotyczącego tej problematyki.
Regulación de los precios de transferencia en la Ley de Concertación Tributaria
Authors: Morales Zamora María Fernanda
Published: January 2022

En el actual contexto internacional y la economía globalizada de las multinacionales, las empresas han extendido sus inversiones asentándose en distintas jurisdicciones mediante filiales, compañías del mismo grupo empresarial, u otras formas societarias, con el fin de expandir sus relaciones comerciales. Bajo este panorama de internacionalización, los precios de transferencia han adquirido una incidencia trascendental dentro de las operaciones y transacciones realizadas entre empresas cuando se trata de sus partes asociadas o partes vinculadas, haciendo necesaria su regulación en los distintos ordenamientos jurídicos del mundo. El presente artículo de investigación aborda el marco regulatorio de los precios de transferencia en Nicaragua a partir de su entrada en vigor en el año 2017.
Perception of Identity and Religious Conversion
Authors: Bulut Sefa
Published: January 2022

Counseling psychology is a practice that focuses on how people generally function both personally and in their relationships. It also addresses the emotional, social, work, and physical health concerns people might have. For that reason, counseling psychologists help people with physical, emotional and mental health issues helping to improve their sense of well‐being, relieve feelings of distress and resolve crises. This paper will focus on environment or situational influence of religious conversion into the self-identity of the convert and what kind of skills are needed for the counselor to guide this kind of clients when facing any kind of challenge. The meaning of conversion will be explained, then a relation with selfidentity will be described later on how counselors could approach this kind of people will be recommended
Comparison of Combination of Silymarin, Petrowhite and Soy Extract Versus Combination of Arbutin, Octylmethoxycinnamate, and Vitamin E in Melasma Treatment- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kumari Pradeep , Jain Nitin
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a combination of silymarin, petrowhite and soy extract (Isoflavones) and a combination of arbutin, octylmethoxycinnamate and vitamin E in the treatment and management of melasma in Indian patients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 153 adult patients with melasma. The patients were divided into two treatment groups. Group A (n=102) received topical silymarin, petrowhite and soy extract (Isoflavones) and group B (n=51) received a combination cream of arbutin, octylmethoxycinnamate, and vitamin E. The treatment duration varied from 30 to 180 days depending on the response and the response was evaluated by a change in MASI score from baseline. Treatment-related side effects were monitored. Results: The mean MASI score was significantly reduced after treatment with silymarin, petrowhite and soy extract (Isoflavones) (10.73 ± 8.00 vs 4.74 ± 5.53, p<0.001). Similarly, in the group B, the mean MASI score was significantly reduced after treatment (9.65 ±6.09 Vs. 4.36 ±4.01, p<0.001). It was also observed that patients with side effects had higher mean MASI score in both treatment groups (Group A 9.30 ± 7.69 vs. 3.76± 4.43, p<0.001) (Group B 8.40 ± 4.64 vs. 3.50 ± 3.33, p=0.003) when compared with patients without side effects. Conclusion: Though both treatment modalities seem to be effective in treating melasma, silymarin, petrowhite and soy extract (Isoflavones) seemed to be moderately superior compared to combination cream (considering the differences in the mean values before and after treatment). The drug-related side effects may influence the treatment outcome.
ASSESSMENT OF CARDIO-RESPIRATORY FITNESS OF DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Saleemi Yakoot , Riaz Saima , Badar Hafiz Muhammad Jamshad , Almas Tayyaba , Mustafa Summaiya , Fatima Mobeen
Published: January 2022

Cardiorespiratory fitness shows the overall cardiovascular, pulmonary fitness capacity and the ability to carry out prolonged exercises.The current study was conducted to examine the Physical Fitness Index in young female physiotherapy students using the Modified Harvard Step Test. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the Physical Fitness Index in female undergraduate Doctor Of Physical Therapy students. METHODS:Cross-sectional study was used. The sample size was 200 physiotherapystudents. Participants were selected through the Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique. Height (m) and Weight (kg) were measured to calculate BMI.The Modified Harvard Step test was used to calculate the Physical Fitness Index. SPSS 21 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The current studyshows that the Mean age of the participants was 21.53 ±1.83 with a minimum age of 17 years and maximum age of 26 years.4.5 %( n=9) students have excellent PFI, 13 %( n=26) students have Good PFI, 15 %( n=31) students have Fair PFI and 67 %( n=134) students have poor PFI. CONCLUSION:The physical fitness of physiotherapy students at Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences is inadequate, and overweight students have lower physical fitness than students with normal BMI.
Sonographic Correlation of Placental thickness with Estimated fetal Weight at term among the Pregnants in Lahore
Authors: Mansoor Abdur-Rehman Tuaha , Uzair Muhammad , Majeed Annum , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Fatima Mehreen Fatima , Tariq Hamza , Khan Sarkhail Haider , Fatima Sidra , Irshad Sana , Khalid Rida Khalid , Fiaz Samavia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Placenta develops in the uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby. It begins to form in the 2nd month of pregnancy and is usually matured in the 4th month. It can be seen through ultrasonography by 9th or 10th week. The normal functioning of the placenta is determined by measuring placental thickness through ultrasonography which increases with the gestational age and is considered normal when it does not exceed 4 cm at any time during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to find Sonographic Correlation of Placental thickness with fetal weight at term among the pregnant in Lahore. Material and Method: A total of 213 cases were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. All subjects were scanned at term and gestational age, estimated fetal weight and placental thickness were measured. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the correlation of placental thickness and estimated fetal weight. Results:Placental thickness and Estimated Fetal weight showed progressive increase in the value from 36 weeks to 40 weeks in this study. The mean placental thickness ranged from30.15±5.12 mm at 36th week to 37.49±2.31 mm at 40th week. The mean estimated fetal weight ranged from 2885.00±194.18 grams at 36th week to 3919.85±352.88 grams at 40th week. A significantly moderate correlation has been found between estimated fetal weight and placental thickness measured after 36 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion:It is concluded that placental thickness is directly related to estimated fetal weight after 36 weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, it is helpful to assess placental thickness for the proper evaluation of fetal growth and well-being.
Use of favipiravir against Covid-19: A Review
Authors: Syed Eiman , Ullah Mati , Mustafa Ataul , Ashiq Sana
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global challenge for the world healthcare community. The use of favipiravir against COVID-19 was studied in various studies but its efficacy and side effects remain uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of favipiravir in patients suffering from coronavirus.The literature search was done by using several databases including MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct. To ensure the credibility and accuracy of the included articles we include only those studies that were published in indexed journals.  Furthermore, in this current review, we mainly include only those studies published from January 2015 to September2021. We included all the review and research articles published in the English language.The review of currently available literature suggests the use of favipiravir showed both some utility and side effects in patients diagnosed with coronavirus-19. Moreover, the use of this antiviral drug may show a promising role in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients and it may reduce the need for prolonged hospital stay and mechanical ventilation. But there is still a need to confirm the side effects and favipiravir efficacy in the patients suffering from this fatal disease.
Marketing Management Of Msme Products, Serang City Groups of Era New Normal
Authors: Fasyehhudin Mohamad , Prasetya Mega Jaya Belardo , Winter Luhut Hasudungan Jefry , Erika Febriani  , Chelsea Tiara Septiani Malau  , Puput Adela  , Rio Primus  , Raissa Tsabitha  , Alvandri Christian Rahmat Gulo  , Ridho Pangestu Taufik
Published: January 2022

During this new normal era, each sector gets its own impact, such as starting to recover and the resumption of movement, one of which is the economic sector. Where business actors who take an important role in the wheels of the national economy must be a concern and focus for the government. Based on this, the institution through academics then mobilized students in the Matching Fund program to do community service, especially MSMEs in Serang City, therefore a group called Nine Outlets was formed to then focus on honing the entrepreneurial spirit related to the Marketing Management of MSME Products in Serang City in Groups in the New Era. It is normal to agree on several MSMEs, namely Food and Beverage/Imara Balok Cake, Damory Chocolate Banana, and Sale Pisang and Ori 72 Banana Chips to market these products in groups by utilizing technology through social media as a tool for product marketing, with the aim of reaching a wider market large.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN KLUB TERHADAP KESUKSESAN ATLET SEPAK BOLA BERSAUDARA FC
Authors: Ahmad Yanuar Syauki  , Dede Sumarna  , Zaenatul Bahar
Published: January 2022

Manajemen olahraga adalah suatu kombinasi keterampilan yg berhubungan dengan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, kepemimpinan, pengendalian, penganggaran, dan evaluasi dalam kontek suatu organisasi yg memiliki produk utama berkaitan dengan olahraga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Melaksanakan dan mengetahui studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan untuk mengidetifikasi masalah dalam manajemen keolahragaan Klub dan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat Pengaruh Manajemen Klub Terhadap Kesuksesan Atlet Sepak Bola Bersaudara FC. Bentuk penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dari tempat tertentu yang alamiah (bukan buatan), tetapi peneliti melakukan perlakuan dalam pengumpulan data, misalnya dengan menyebarkan kuisioner, tes, wawancara terstruktur dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan : Manajemen merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari aktivitas suatu organisasi sebuah klub olahraga. Manajemen yang dimaksudkan disini adalah sebagai suatu cara untuk melaksanakan suatu program kerja agar sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah direncanakan dan ingin dicapai sebelumnya.
Major ophthalmological outcomes of the e-learning process in children and guidelines at COVID-19: a concise systematic review
Authors: Moura Malú Inês Peres , Murad Ana Cristyna Saad , Daher Isabelle Dalloul , Vilerá Gabriella Carolina , Ferrari Rafaella Scalabrini , Neiva Eneidia Batista , Liedtke Fernanda Soubhia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The effects on human health caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lead to several problems in the health, highlighted for ophthalmological diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in eye care. In this sense, guidelines on safe ophthalmic practice have been developed worldwide. Objective: To present the main guidelines and considerations about the relationship between COVID-19 and eye care, especially to children and strabismus due to prolonged use of electronic devices. Methods: The research was carried out from June 2021 to August 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: After the selectivity of articles and literary findings through the following descriptors COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, a total of 58 studies were analyzed, with only 20 medium and high-quality studies selected, according to the rules of the GRADE, and with bias risks that do not compromise scientific development, based on the Cochrane instrument. Early diagnosis and intervention are imperative. A specific set of guidelines for evaluating and managing cases of COVID-19 in children has been established to examine cases of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. These measures are necessary, given that the pandemic may still have a long duration. In this regard, although several forms of strabismus can be treated conservatively, without the need for surgery, most require surgical intervention. Strabismus can be treated conservatively for a short period with orthoptic exercises, occlusion therapy, and prism glasses. The teleconsultation platform can provide primary eye care. Prolonging the use of smartphones for e-learning can lead to acute acquired comiche esotropia in children. Conclusion: According to global guidelines, it is imperative to establish more specifically the care of children with strabismus in the COVID-19 pandemic. Examination of children must be performed according to the protocol recommended by the guidelines. Strabismus can be treated conservatively for a short period with orthoptic exercises, occlusion therapy, and prism glasses.
Khả năng tính toán độ nhám địa hình từ lớp phủ mặt đất phục vụ giám sát tài nguyên nước thượng lưu
Authors: Vũ Thị Phương Thảo , Đỗ Thị Phương Thảo
Published: January 2022

Bài báo đề cập tới phương pháp tính toán độ nhám địa hình khu vực miền núi phục vụ tính toán dòng cháy lũ về hồ chứa nói riêng, giám sát tài nguyên nước thượng lưu nói chung; sử dụng dữ liệu viễn thám nhằm xác định phân bố hệ số nhám Manning (Manning’s n) sử dụng trong các mô hình thủy văn thuỷ lực áp dụng mô phỏng lưu lượng trên lưu vực sông thông qua phân tích dữ liệu lớp phủ/sử dụng đất.

Đối với vùng đồi núi dốc lớn, độ nhám bề mặt đất là một trong những yếu tố gây ra dòng cháy nhanh, mạnh về mừa lũ; được định nghĩa là sự bất thường của bề mặt đất, gây ra bởi các yếu tố như lớp phủ thực vật, kết cấu đất, kích thước cốt liệu, các mảnh đá và quản lý đất đai. Độ nhám của đất ảnh hưởng đến việc lưu trữ bề mặt, thấm, dòng chảy trên đất liền và cuối cùng là tách lớp trầm tích và xói mòn. Vì độ nhám của đất thường quá nhỏ để có thể được ghi lại bằng các mô hình lập bản đồ địa hình hoặc độ cao kỹ thuật số thông thường, nó cũng được gọi là kỹ thuật vi ống đất và có thể được chia thành bốn loại khác nhau: (1) các biến thể hoặc hạt nhỏ độ nhám, chủ yếu được xác định bởi loại đất; (2) độ nhám ngẫu nhiên, liên quan đến cốt liệu đất; (3) độ nhám định hướng, mô tả các biến đổi có hệ thống về địa hình do, ví dụ, làm đất; và (4) độ nhám bậc cao đại diện cho các biến thể độ cao trong trường, chẳng hạn như bờ kè hoặc đường viền trường.

Để phục vụ tính toán dòng chảy thượng lưu, độ nhám ngẫu nhiên là đối tượng chính nhằm xác định độ nhám bề mặt đất và hệ số nhám thủy lực. Đây là các thông số đặc tính kháng thủy lực quan trọng. Ước tính chính xác hệ số nhám thủy lực đóng vai trò quan trọng để hiểu các cơ chế của dòng chảy đặc biệt là xác định dòng chảy lũ.

Các phương pháp đưa ra thực sự hữu dụng trong công tác thành lập bản đồ mô phỏng kịch bản dòng chảy lũ về hồ chứa phục vụ quản lý, hỗ trợ ra quyết định trong các trường hợp thiên tai xảy ra.
133 Establishing An Inter-Professional in situ Simulation (ISS) Programme in District General Hospital Emergency Departments (EDS)
Authors: Green Annie , Smith Craig , Elsheikh Mayada , Razaq Adris
Published: January 2022

simulation (ISS) is an effective educational tool that improves patient safety outcomes

The aim of the study was to establish a regular programme of inter-professional ISS delivered by a dedicated team in the emergency department (ED).

An ED simulation team was created, including consultants, a senior registrar and two newly appointed simulation junior clinical fellows. Sessions run monthly in both EDs in the trust, taking place in the ‘green’ resus area, in the morning when clinical demand is usually lowest. Participants include doctors and nursing staff of all grades, with cross-speciality involvement. Increasing participation required was influenced by senior management and clinical staff agreeing this was a necessary and valuable tool. Faculty include the ED simulation team and a simulation technician. Scenarios are developed by the team with specific intended learning outcomes, e.g. ALS in COVID-19, assessment of the acutely unwell pregnant patient. Intended learning outcomes are influenced by new guidelines, specific emergency cases or skills and suggestions by staff. The patient has been trialled as an actor and/or SimMan3G, depending on the scenario. Clinical equipment is mostly donated and expired. A structured debrief is led by a senior simulation team member. Key learning from each session is summarized in a ‘Sim News’ poster which is tweeted, disseminated via email to all staff and published on the departmental ‘EMBeds’ website. Participants fill in an anonymous feedback form online and receive a certificate of participation.

Fifty-nine participants from December 2020 to April 2021 gave feedback (see

Feedback form results

The
35 The Creation of A ‘Choose Your Own Adventure Style’ VR Training Package for Post Anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU) Staff
Authors: Knight Kate , Glennie Deborah
Published: January 2022

Lack of training materials for Post Anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU) staff leads to the creation of a ‘choose your own adventure’ style VR training package, working collaboratively with the TEL team and incorporating quality improvement methodology prior to rollout. The development of this training package was initiated following the introduction of a theatre-specific induction programme, during which it was discovered that the learning opportunities for PACU staff were limited, particularly during the COVID-19 response.

Therefore, the aim of creating this learning package was to make available more interactive learning opportunities for PACU staff, giving them the chance to develop their knowledge and skills in a safe environment, without the pressure of a live patient.

Planning was completed in collaboration with a Theatre Practice Educator and Simulation and Human Factors Fellow. This was initiated with the use of a modified decision tree as shown in figure one. Following completion of this, the Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) Lead and clinical expert advice were sought to assist in the creation of high-quality content. Communication was then sent out seeking actors and location/dates for filming were planned. Appropriate consent was gained from all participants involved. Filming had to be planned around theatre utilization; therefore, it was necessary for this to take place on audit sessions dedicated to training of theatre staff. After the completion of filming, further collaboration with the TEL Lead was required to create the learning package. On completion of the package, it was shared with experienced members of PACU staff to test the quality and validity of the learning experience. At this point, a quality improvement approach was adopted with the use of PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycles. Adopting this approach allowed adjustments to be made to the package before it was utilized on a larger scale.

The learning package was implemented rapidly after completion. It was immediately included in the Theatre Induction Programme for every PACU member of staff and was also then available to be utilized on audit training sessions for existing PACU staff. This learning package was a creative approach, exploiting technology not yet harnessed within our speciality. Patient post-Anterior Repair brought into PACU with an LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway)

LMA expelled:

Laryngospasm – recognize – 02, Waters Circuit/PEEP

Vomit – positioning – suction – anti-emetics

PV PAIN – check wound – analgesia (ineffective)

Get help

Laryngospasm has broken with PEEP

Auscultation and order chest x-ray

Multimodal analgesia – add patient PV pack band
45 Simulation XR: An Extended Reality Learning Experience
Authors: Ojo Stephen
Published: January 2022

Simulation has always been employed to cover a wide-ranging aspect of the learning objectives in the Emergency Department (ED) curriculum at post-graduate and undergraduate level

The aim of the study was to introduce new healthcare students to the clinical environment through the use of mixed reality devices to ensure familiarity before contact with the real environment and to provide alternative simulation education and ‘bedside’ teaching during disruptive periods like the COVID-19 pandemic.

XR is a term that covers augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality (MR), which refers to a set of mobile digital technologies that allow a three-dimensional computer-generated model in the form of a hologram to be overlaid on a real environment

With the use of a headset such as Google Glasses or the Microsoft HoloLens that projects a hologram into the users’ physical environment, our learners can interact with the mixed reality (XR) world and have clinical encounters with simulated/standard Holo-patients (SHP). With the headset on, the learner can see the patient, hear real sounds from the patient and see objective data/vital signs that can aid clinical reasoning and make the simulated scenario more immersive. A new healthcare worker (student nurse, clinical support worker, doctor on first rotation) will have an immersive experience that bridges virtual and real-world, supplements reality, and has the potential to build confidence and aid learning prior to encountering the real world.
158 The Introduction of Virtual Simulation into a Pre-Registration Nursing Course During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Newton Lewis , Clark Debbie
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic changed the way teaching and learning could be delivered at Sheffield Hallam University; the use of virtual simulation was explored to enhance the student experience and prepare students for placement.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of virtual simulation for pre-registration nursing students.

Oxford Medical Simulation (OMS) is an immersive, interactive, virtual healthcare simulation platform that allows participants to engage in a wide range of clinical scenarios. The environment, patient and other team members are fully interactive, with conversation and physiology adapting to students’ actions and treatment. The educational focus is on decision-making, clinical reasoning and critical thinking to improve patient care.

A programme was developed to allow students to take part in lecturer-led sessions where OMS was used to practise the assessment and management of an unwell patient. Virtual scenarios lasting 15–20 minutes were managed by the lecturer, with students offering their contributions to determine the steps they wanted to take to manage the patient. Screen sharing of the virtual simulation via Zoom allowed students to take part in the scenarios from home. Learning outcomes predominantly focussed on A to E assessment, encouraging students who had never encountered a ‘real’ patient before in a clinical setting to begin to develop a structured approach. Evaluation of introduction of OMS to Nursing Course. This evaluation describes the benefits realized between the launch of OMS in November 2020 and 1 January 2021. The data presented include qualitative and quantitative data collated and analysed from student online survey responses. Data from 188 purposively sampled student participants were collated and analysed. The qualitative data demonstrated improvements in the student experience, under the following themes: (a) preparing students for placement, helping to apply knowledge to practice and improve decision-making; (b) developing confidence, providing a safe learning space – able to make mistakes without patients coming to harm. Students were also asked to rate their level of satisfaction on a 5-point scale (where 5 was most satisfied). The median rating for the 55.9% (n = 105) student responses was 5.0 with no statistical difference between identifiable fields of nursing (
196 Plugged in Sim-Vr 360 Simulation with Headsets: How Does it Work?
Authors: Mason Tim
Published: January 2022

Simulation is a technique employed to produce an experience without going through a real event

We had used 360 videos for remote simulation and debrief for over 3 years but as face-to-face sessions started to reoccur, we wondered whether we could use these videos to engage learners using VR headsets for short immersive sessions with a targeted debrief.

We used unscripted 360-degree scenarios of Paediatric emergency simulations, loaded onto Occulus-Go VR headsets. Between November 2020 and May 2020, we ran sessions for the paediatric and obstetric teams in North Devon district hospital, where groups of up to five learners watched a scenario, followed by a debrief led by a facilitator. We explored its acceptability, immersion and whether the debrief enriched the session through collecting feedback.

We engaged 50 participants over 14 sessions. The majority of sessions occurred on night shifts. Twenty-nine staff including doctors, midwives, healthcare assistants and nurses gave feedback. All participants enjoyed the experience and wanted to do it again: 90% felt immersed and 97% enjoyed the debrief. A small minority found the experience strange and one had to stop watching because of motion sickness.

Virtual sim with headsets is time-efficient, requires no bedspace and was engaging enough to be requested during out of hours shifts. Feedback proved it to be immersive, safe and enjoyable. It is cost-effective (not needing large numbers of staff or expensive manikins) and the experience reproducible. It was accessible for those who had previously been scared of simulation as they did not feel ‘judged’ and therefore may be a valuable adjunct to engaging those who have not in the past. Debrief was vital and allowed active discussion of learners’ own experiences as well as an exploration of the medicine prompted by being immersed in the scenario. Virtual simulation using headsets and 360 videos gives learners an experience without going through the real event and we feel that it is a valuable tool for engaging teams in simulation education. Through this project have established standards that could help others engage in projects such as this.
127 Caution and Context: COVID-19 as the Educational Focus for Inter-Professional Learning
Authors: Neill Kathryn , Ward Wendy L. , Dickinson Karen
Published: January 2022

Traditionally our university-affiliated Office of IPE delivers a 3-phase (exposure, immersion, competence) inter-professional education (IPE) curriculum which is a graduation requirement for students. On 13 March 2020, on-site classes were suspended due to the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the state. Faculty rapidly implemented alternative methods of instruction to complete coursework for the spring semester utilizing COVID-19 as the educational focus and hosting these learning events on the virtual platform.

The aim of the study was to lean into the educational opportunities provided by the global pandemic to continue to provide high-quality IP education including simulation, crafting these educational events to meet the pandemic needs of our community.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare students and faculty stepped forward with a desire to serve during this health crisis. Several public health support programmes were provided by the academic health centre and IP educational activities were crafted around these. Such programmes included: a 1–800 COVID-19 hotline providing rapid access to health screening to assist the community in understanding when and where they should access the healthcare system for testing or care; a Contact Tracing Call Center to identify those with exposure and risk and counsel next steps; and provision of public health information regarding the virus and the vaccine. IP Faculty developed a series of IP simulations to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to serve in these public health support areas. These simulations were all structured utilizing an initial brief (detailing Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) domains and Patient- and Family-Centered Care principles), followed by scenario-specific education such as IP team review of screening algorithm and decision tree for hotline and call centre work, with subsequent standardized patient (SP) interaction, and finally IP debriefing. Five simulations involving 190 students occurred. Evaluation metrics collected included pre-/post-Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS), evaluation of learning objectives, SP interaction and simulation methodology via Likert scale, and identification of themes from qualitative response items.

Inter-professional simulation training activity via an online platform supported student learning for COVID-19 disease information, screening algorithm and decision tree tools and telemedicine delivery. The rapidly implemented virtual training prepares students to graduate whilst also supporting the state during this public health crisis. This work provides a template by which curricula can pivot to meet the needs of all key stakeholders during a time of global crisis.
16 Exploring the Benefits of Teaching Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access to Paediatricians
Authors: Ranaweera Melanie , Carey Brian
Published: January 2022

Paediatric vascular access can be notoriously difficult due to small vessels and patient cooperation. Studies have shown ultrasound (US) guided technique to be a more successful method in experienced hands, especially in children with difficult access

To date, there have been no studies exploring the experience and significance of US-guided vascular access training amongst district general hospital (DGH)-based UK paediatricians. We aimed to evaluate this within our DGH.

Small-group US vascular access simulation sessions were led by our accredited and experienced paediatric advanced nurse practitioner (ANP). Participants learned to map veins and practiced US cannulation technique on the gelatinous ‘phantom’ model. A questionnaire asked attendees to evaluate confidence levels before and after sessions, and open-space for qualitative comments.

Thirty-eight paediatricians attended sessions; of whom, 75% had never conducted US vascular access and 96% did not feel confident. Following sessions, 100% of participants felt significantly more confident and would attempt this on real patients (Figure 1). Qualitative comments showed that they valued sessions: ‘good opportunity to practice vein mapping and cannulation on gel model’. All participants felt that this should be taught routinely within paediatric training. Five participants used this new skill in real patients, following the sessions.

Confidence level pre- and post-sessions, n = 38

This study demonstrates the effectiveness and usefulness of delivering US-guided vascular access training to DGH paediatricians. It enabled improved self-reported confidence, which translated into improved patient care in real-life scenarios. Following its success, we intend on running this as an ongoing session. For clinicians wanting to utilize their skill on real patients, this will be supervised by our ANP. We recommend that all UK paediatricians train in US vascular access to enable optimal care for paediatric patients in all hospital settings. However, further research in a larger cohort of participants is required. We also recognize the variability in available expertise and equipment in all units to undertake the training. The importance and role of US-guided paediatric vascular access are still lacking in recognition and demands wider acceptance.
31 Debriefing strategies for inter-professional simulation
Authors: Holmes Catherine , Mellanby Edward
Published: January 2022

Inter-professional education is becoming more common worldwide and simulation is one way in which this can effectively take place

A literature search (see Figure 1) was performed to prompt discussion around debriefing after inter-professional simulation (IPS) and identify the challenges that this IPS debriefing poses and some potential strategies to overcome these. Gaps in the research were also identified. The papers included were analysed by the authors and key themes were identified.

The results of the literature search included 20 papers from 2013 to 2019. Four themes relevant to inter-professional debriefing identified during analysis were: ‘The Debriefer’, ‘Method of Debriefing’, ‘The Learner’ and ‘Psychological Safety’. Several challenges around debriefing after IPS have been identified in the literature, including larger groups of debriefers; inter-professional and larger learner groups; multiple debrief tools and psychological safety including hierarchy issues. Potential strategies to overcome them include an inter-professional debriefing team; a lead debriefer; and learner-centred debriefs with a clear structure. Gaps in the research include challenges around having more than one debriefer including around the psychological safety of participants; whether we should be using the same debriefing tools/practices in IPS as well as other forms of simulation; ensuring a balance between inter-professional learning outcomes and individual learner needs; and the effect of hierarchy in debriefing after IPS.

Multiple gaps in the research were identified and there is a need for further research in this area to improve our understanding. Identifying firm answers or rules to follow for every debrief is unlikely to be useful, but a framework to consider the challenges and strategies to overcome them may benefit educators in this area.
102 Haunted House: The Dangers and Ghosts of The Lived Environment
Authors: Neill Kathryn , Morris Duston , Knight Debbie , de Gravelles Pamela , Holland Angel , Ward Wendy , Dickinson Karen
Published: January 2022

Accurate assessment of potential hazards and challenges within a home environment is essential to ensure the safety of our patients both post-discharge from hospital and within the community. Inter-professional education in this area allows students to learn from, with and about each other to provide more effective patient care. COVID-19 challenged the Arkansas Interprofessional Education Consortium (ARIPEC) to develop meaningful inter-professional activities while minimizing COVID-19 risk

The aim of the study was to create and deliver a novel virtual home assessment simulation for inter-professional learners to improve the performance of home assessments state-wide.

Faculty from three universities created rooms within a simulated home assessment environment illustrating patient characteristics, hazards, habits and interpersonal considerations. Each university created and video recorded one simulated room (kitchen, bedroom and living room) which were combined in one video to represent a home. Students received pre-course material including education on the INHOMES tool and learning objectives before the virtual learning event. The brief included education on the importance of home assessment and the INHOMEs tool. The simulated home video was played to all students who subsequently were split into break-out rooms with facilitators. In inter-professional groups, students created action plans for immediate needs and for when weight-bearing status allowed increased mobility and identified professionals required to meet needs. Following this debriefs occurred in break-out rooms and then as a large group to summarize and identify take-aways. All students completed a pre-/post-questionnaire including the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) and evaluation of simulation methodology, home assessment and overall impression. Mean scores for 5-point Likert scores are reported.

In total, 400 students participated in the 2021 event, including medical, pharmacy, physician assistant, dental hygiene, communication science disorders, physical and occupational therapy, addiction studies, respiratory care, radiography, public health, sonography and nursing. All ICCAS metrics increased pre- to post-evaluation. See

Student evaluation data from the simulated home environment assessment activity

Our results demonstrate that a video-recorded simulated home environment event is successful in supporting the development of an inter-professional action plan for a home assessment using the INHOMES assessment tool. The collaborative creation of this event was essential due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the efficacy for learning demonstrates the utility of this approach in the post-pandemic area. Virtual simulations increase accessibility for inter-professional learners to learn from, with and about each other for the benefit of our patients.
177 Going Upstream: Key Considerations When Moving a Face-to-Face Simulation Module and Assessment to Virtual Delivery
Authors: Thackray Debbie , Monk Frances , Hamilton Carrie
Published: January 2022

‘Preparing for on-call’ is a level 6 physiotherapy module delivered face-to-face to enable synthesis of respiratory knowledge and application to real ‘on-call scenarios’, preparing students for the transition into clinical practice. Due to lockdown, we could not deliver this module face-to-face and changed it to a ‘virtual delivery’ for teaching and assessment.

The aim of the study was to deliver a face-to-face SBE module and assessment virtually.

We used the principles of SBE design

We achieved a ‘virtual on-call experience’ by involving SPs, confederate nurse facilitators and physiotherapy clinical educators working synchronously with students via Microsoft Teams. With teaching groups of eight, we kept to the principles of SBE by pre-briefing, running a realistic scenario with clear learning outcomes, followed by a debrief facilitated by the nurse and physiotherapy educator. Students were able to rehearse their clinical reasoning by ‘thinking out-loud’; these preparatory ‘virtual on-call scenarios’ enabled them to become familiar with ‘performing’ on Teams. This ‘process-familiarity’ led to a preparedness, professionally and psychologically for their subsequent ‘virtual on-call assessments’. Four on-call scenarios were delivered in this module, enabling the learning outcomes to be achieved via this method of delivery. The virtual on-call assessment was run in three virtual rooms on Teams, with an SP, a clinical educator as an examiner, a confederate nurse, and one student in each room. The assessment scenario ran for 30 minutes replicating the normal examination time, giving students the opportunity to rehearse the skills they had learnt in the module. Additional supportive information was given to the students by sharing a ‘patient monitor’ (screenshots from the ALS Laerdal manikin monitors). In total, 28 assessments were achieved in 1 day, with two taken separately for extenuating circumstances. Student feedback has been positive with all students passing, enabling graduation this summer.
115 On-Call Bleep Simulation for Final-Year Medical Students
Authors: Patel Krishan , Badiani Krupa , Jaffar Farah , Ismail Joanna
Published: January 2022

A common concern amongst final-year medical students is the on-call shifts as a Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctor. With a large focus on knowledge, clinical and communication skills, and practical procedures, there is little in the medical curriculum to cover the non-technical skills required whilst on-call such as prioritization. A novel teaching programme was devised to help develop students’ confidence and preparedness for these shifts. This

The aim of this course was to prepare final-year medical students for their on-call duties as FY1 doctors. This includes developing confidence with the technical aspects of on-calls such as managing the acutely unwell patient, as well as the non-technical skills expected from bleep-related tasks such as responding, prioritization and escalation.

A total of five sessions were delivered from September to December 2020 for final-year medical students. Twelve simulated on-call ‘activities’ were designed mirroring real tasks commonly encountered as an FY1 on-call. These activities were spread across the hospital involving the medical wards as part of the

A total of 17 students completed the on-call bleep simulation. Only a third of the candidates had used a bleep prior to the session. Pre-course, 66.6% of candidates responded feeling not confident about being on-call as an FY1. Encouragingly, following the simulation, 100% felt more confident about being on-call. During the open feedback sessions, students valued the use of hospital wards, practicing procedures under time pressure, and performing handovers. This on-call bleep simulation was very well received and improved students’ confidence and preparedness for being on-call as an FY1 from August 2021. Students commented on how invaluable this training was. This on-call bleep simulation will continue to be implemented as part of the final-year teaching provided at the trust.
124 The Use of Simulation in Improving Stroke Recognition, Assessment and Management
Authors: Jaffar Farah , Hashmi Madiha , Aweid Basaam
Published: January 2022

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death worldwide and an important diagnosis requiring early recognition and action for optimal clinical outcomes which are time dependent

The aim of the course was to inform about the local stroke pathways, ensure juniors are comfortable with recognition of stroke and to develop the non-technical skills required in stroke management, thus enabling skill acquisition in a safe environment.

An innovative course was created using SimMan 3G with a focus on ensuring high fidelity to overcome the limitations associated with the practical aspect of stroke assessment in a mannequin. Five scenarios were created to last 15 minutes: three of which involved acute stroke diagnosis and two about stroke ‘mimics’. These scenarios included the involvement of a junior doctor, an acting nurse and acting members of the multi-disciplinary team as required. The debrief following each scenario would cover the technical aspects of management and self and group reflections. To add to the fidelity when assessing a mannequin for neurological conditions, we ensured that slurred speech could be mimicked, weakness in the limbs was showcased and facial asymmetry represented with innovative techniques using the mannequin.

Two sessions have been delivered involving nine junior doctors and this has been implemented as a regular course for junior doctors and nurses. All attendees felt more confident with stroke recognition, awareness of stroke mimics and of the local pathways when managing patients with acute stroke.

The positive feedback received and the outcome that all attendees felt more confident following the course suggest that stroke recognition and management can be learnt using simulation with a focus on the human factors required to optimize patient care. We hope to continue delivering this course to junior doctors rotating through the hospital and hope to open it up to the wider multi-disciplinary team including nursing staff, healthcare assistants and therapists with a focus on recognition and escalation. Dissemination of learning on local pathways and management using simulation is effective and can impact patient care.