bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K3 UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN DIRI PERAWAT
Authors: Sahputri Ade Herawati
Published: November 2020

Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja merupakan salah satu masalah yang sangat penting. Kecelakaan kerja secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan antara lain, terlambatnya penyelesaian pekerjaan, penurunan produktivitas, serta biaya penyembuhan bagi karyawan. Pelaksanaan program Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) yang baik sangat penting untuk menjamin kesehatan dan keselamatan perawat.Perawat adalah petugas kesehatan yang paling sering kontak langsung dengan pasien baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dalam upaya memberikan asuhan keperawatan. Perawat sebagai salah satu karyawan rumah sakit berhak mendapatkan perlindungan dari gangguan kesehatan ataupun kecelakaan kerja, baik sebagai dampak proses kegiatan.
MALAM RAMAH TAMAH
Authors: Nurul_indarsih
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di kediaman kepala desa Bontocini, diawali dengan makan bersama masyarakat desa, setelah itu melaksanakan susunan acara dan diakhiri dengan menyanyi bersama.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Materi Lingkungan
Authors: Siregar Ghina Kamilah
Published: November 2020

Lingkungan memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan. Untuk dapat menjaga lingkungan kita membutuhkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang lingkungan. Menurut Ramadhan et.al (2019) Di Indonesia pendidikan lingkungan bukanlah pelajaran wajib di sekolah. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan lingkungan dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam mata pelajaran lain, salah satunya adalah pembelajaran bahasa. Ramadhan et.al (2019) mengatakan bahwa guru berperan penting dalam menyampaikan ilmu ini kepada siswa, karena siswa adalah generasi penerus yang bertugas menjaga lingkungan. Pendidikan lingkungan dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam pelajaran pembelajaran bahasa. Pengintegrasian ini dapat kita dilakukan dengan menggunakan tema tentang lingkungan dalam pembelajaran teks. Melalui teks itulah siswa dapat mempelajari bahasa dan mendapatkan pengetahuan lingkungan melalui konten teks yang dibaca.
UPAYA YANG DAPAT DI LAKUKAN PERAWAT UNTUK MENCEGAH RESIKO HAZARD KIMIA DAN HAZARD FISIK RADIASI
Authors: Rahmadhani Nabila
Published: November 2020

Pelaksanaan keselamatan dan kesehatan Kerja (K3) adalah salah satu bentuk upaya untuk menciptakan tempat kerja yang aman, sehat, bebas dari pencemaran lingkungan, sehingga dapat mengurangi kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja. Setiap tempat kerja selalu mempunyai risiko terjadinya kecelakaan. Besar kecilnya risiko yang terjadi tergantung dari jenis industri, teknologi serta upaya pengendalian risiko yang dilakukan. Di tempat kerja terdapat sumber bahaya yang beraneka ragam mulai dari kapsitas bahaya yang rendah hingga bahaya yang tinggi. Jenis kategori hazard adalah bahaya fisik, bahaya kimia, bahaya mekanik, bahaya elektrik, bahaya ergonomi, bahaya kebiasaan,bahaya fisik radiasi, bahaya lingkungan, bahaya biologi, dan bahaya psikologi.
Konsep Perencanaan Keperawatan
Authors: Agave
Published: November 2020

Proses keperawatan adalah salah satu metoda efektif pemecahan masalah yang dilakukan perawat terhadap klien dengan pendekatan metodologi ilmiah.
The impact of cognitive biases on professional decision-making: A review of four occupational areas
Authors: Berthet Vincent
Published: November 2020

The author reviewed the research on the impact of cognitive biases on professional decision-making in four occupational areas (management, finance, law, and medicine). Two main findings emerged. First, the literature reviewed shows that professionals in these four areas are prone to cognitive biases. Framing, overconfidence, and anchoring are the most recurrent biases over the areas covered. Second, the level of evidence supporting the claim that cognitive biases impact professional decision-making differs across the areas covered. Research in finance relied primarily upon secondary data while research in medicine and law relied mainly upon primary data from vignette studies (both levels of evidence are found in management). Two research gaps are highlighted. The first one is a potential lack of ecological validity of the findings from vignette studies, which are numerous. The second is the neglect of individual differences in cognitive biases, which might lead to the false idea that all professionals are susceptible to biases, to the same extent. To address that issue, we suggest that reliable, specific measures of cognitive biases (which items are adapted to the context in which a particular decision is made) need to be improved or developed.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Sari Faradina Widia
Published: November 2020

Berdasarkan hasil kajian dan penelitian yang dilakukan penulis, dapat disimpulkan bahwasannya lembaga pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam proses penanaman pendidikan wawasan lingkungan kepada peserta didik, dan pendidik senantiasa menjadi penyambung proses nilai-nilai positif berbasis lingkungan kepada peserta didik. Kemudian pendidikan wawasan lingkungan dapat dintegrasikan kedalam subyek mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan komprehensif dalam menjaga atau memelihara lingkungan. Tulisan ini digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi bersama untuk penulis, pembaca dan khalayak luas untuk menjaga lingkungan bersama demi terjaganya kelestarian lingkungan.
BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KLINIS
Authors: Helga Putri Dwi
Published: November 2020

Perawat harus mampu mengambil keputusan klinis sebagai upaya membantu pasien dalam memecahkan masalah dan menemukan jalan keluar dari setiap masalah keperawatan yang dialami pasien. Berpikir kritis menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan oleh perawat, berpikir kritis digambarkan sebagai “sebuah proses”, tujuan untuk membuat keputusan yang masuk akal tentang apa yang harus dipercaya dan apa yang harus dilakukan. Metode penulisan yang digunakan ialah dengan metode deskriptif. Dimana dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data atau informasi dengan melakukan analisis, eksplorasi, kajian bebas (literatur review) yang relevan yang berfokus pada tema. Hasil yang dapat diperoleh yaitu, ada 5 dasar dari pengambilan keputusan klinis, yaitu: Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasarkan Intuisi, Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasarkan Rasional, Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasarkan Fakta, Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasarkan Wewenang, Pengambilan Keputusan Berdasarkan Pengalaman. Dan beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dari pengambilan keputusan klinis yaitu: Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Status Pendidikan, Lama Kerja dan Pengalaman. Jadi, ada pengaruh berpikir kritis perawat dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis.
Glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A) is over-expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2020

One study reported the incidence of central nervous system metastases in breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab as 34% (1). We mined published microarray data (2, 3) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in breast cancer. We identified significant differential expression of glycoprotein M6A, encoded by GPM6A (4, 5), in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. GPM6A may be relevant to the biology underlying colonization of the brain with metastatic breast cancer clones.
sosial media sarana penginjilan masa pademic covid19
Authors: RATTE YULIANA
Published: November 2020

Munculnya virus Corona menjelang akhir tahun 2019, telah menimbulkan wabah penyakit secara global, banyak negara-negara yang masih begulat dengan virus ini hingga detik ini. Keberadaan virus Corona yang mudah sekali megikuti umat manusia, telah menghambat aktivitas manusia,pekerjaan pendidikan dan lin sebagainya.Gereja sebagai institusional dan orgsnisme turut terkena dampak darinya, mulai dari periabadatan secara online bahkan ada pula gereja- gereja yang tampatnya di kampung tidak beibadah, untuk sebisa mungkin menimalkan tahap muka, serta beberapa hal lainnya,lantas bagaimana dengan penginjilan sebelum pandemic penginjilan dapat dilakukan secara face to face, tetapi ditengah situasi seperti ini nampaknya sulit bagi merekeauntuk melakukan tatap muka. Gereja perlu menanggapi secara cepat, tepatnya dalam nenyampaikan shalom, yakni dengan penempatan tematis digunakan untuk memahami penerapan media sosial sebagai sarana penginjilan. Mengingat pada dasarnya keadaan apapun tidak tidak boleh nebghalangi pemberitaan Firman termasuk covid 19 ini. Disini gereja akan mengambil peeranan penginjilan yan relevan pada masa covid 19 dari peranan sosial media
SEMINAR KABUPATEN YAPTI JENEPONTO
Authors: Nurul_indarsih
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di kediaman Ketua Yayasan Yapti Jeneponto diawali dengan kegiatan Seminar kabupaten Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Lomba Menyanyi yang dilakukan Oleh Mahasiswa KKLP per posko.
KONSEP DASAR DAN LANGKAH – LANGKAH PROSES KEPERAWATAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN KELUARGA
Authors: jannah nurfatul
Published: November 2020

Proses keperawatan adalah sekumpulan tindakan yang dipilih secara matang dalam usaha memperbaiki status kesehatan keluarga/pasien serta menambah kemampuan mereka dalam mengatasi masalah kesehatannya. Dasar proses keperawatan adalah penggunaan cara ilmiah dalam menyelidiki dan menganalisis data sehingga mencapai kesimpulan yang logis dalam menyelesaikan masalah secara rasional .Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memberi informasi tentang konsep dasar dan langkah-langkah proses keperawatan dalam meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan keluarga. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pendekatan jurnal atau artikel, buku dan e-book yang relevan dan akurat serta berfokus pada konsep dasar dan langkah-langkah proses keperawatan dalam meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan keluarga. Adapun jurnal atau artikel dan e-book yang digunakan pada literature review adalah jurnal atau artikel dan e-book yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan Google Scholar, dan Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia.
Selfhood triumvirate: from phenomenology to brain activity and back again
Authors: Fingelkurts Andrew , Fingelkurts Alexander , Kallio-Tamminen Tarja
Published: November 2020

Recently, a three-dimensional construct model for complex experiential Selfhood has been proposed (Fingelkurts et al., 2016b,c). According to this model, three specific subnets (or modules) of the brain self-referential network (SRN) are responsible for the manifestation of three aspects/features of the subjective sense of Selfhood. Follow up multiple studies established a tight relation between alterations in the functional integrity of the triad of SRN modules and related to them three aspects/features of the sense of self; however, the causality of this relation is yet to be shown. In this article we approached the question of causality by exploring functional integrity within the three SRN modules that are thought to underlie the three phenomenal components of Selfhood while these components were manipulated mentally by experienced meditators in a controlled and independent manner. Participants were requested, in a block-randomised manner, to mentally induce states representing either increased (up-regulation) or decreased (down-regulation) sense of (a) witnessing agency (“Self”), or (b) body representational-emotional agency (“Me”), or (c) reflective/narrative agency (“I”), while their brain activity was recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG). This EEG-data was complemented by first-person phenomenological reports and standardised questionnaires which focused on subjective contents of three aspects of Selfhood. The results of the study strengthen the case for a direct causative relationship between three phenomenological aspects of Selfhood and related to them three modules of the brain SRN. Furthermore, the putative integrative model of the dynamic interrelations among three modules of the SRN has been proposed.
The Role of Temperament in the Onset of Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors across Adolescence: Findings from a 10-year Longitudinal Study of Mexican-Origin Youth
Authors: Lawson Katherine M. , Kellerman John K. , Kleiman Evan , Bleidorn Wiebke , Hopwood Christopher James , Robins Richard
Published: November 2020

Suicide among young people is an increasingly prevalent and devastating public health crisis around the world. To reduce the rate of suicide, it is important to identify factors that can help us better predict suicidal ideation and behaviors. Adolescent temperament (Effortful Control, Negative Emotionality, Positive Emotionality) may be a source of risk and resilience for the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. The present study uses longitudinal data from a large community sample of Mexican-origin youth (N=674), assessed annually from age 12 to 21, to examine how temperament is associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. Results indicate that higher levels of Effortful Control (Activation Control, Inhibitory Control, Attention) are associated with decreased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, whereas higher levels of Negative Emotionality (particularly Aggression, Frustration, and Depressed Mood) are associated with increased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Positive Emotionality (Surgency, Affiliation) was not associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Supplemental analyses showed conceptually similar findings for the Big Five, with Conscientiousness associated with decreased risk, Neuroticism associated with increased risk, and the other three dimensions showing largely null results. No meaningful differences emerged between boys and girls, or youth born in the U.S. versus Mexico. Overall, these findings suggest that adolescent temperament serves as both a risk factor (via Negative Emotionality) and a protective factor (via Effortful Control) for suicidal ideation and behaviors in Mexican-origin youth.
Secondary analysis of loot box data: are high-spending “whales” wealthy gamers or problem gamblers?
Authors: Close James , Spicer Stuart , Nicklin Laura Louise , Uther Maria , Lloyd Joanne , Lloyd Helen
Published: November 2020

IntroductionLoot boxes are purchasable randomised reward mechanisms in video games. Due to structural and psychological similarities with gambling, there are fears that loot box purchasing may be associated with problematic gambling. Whilst monthly expenditure is typically modest (i.e. < $20), the distribution is highly skewed, with a small number of high-level spenders, sometimes referred to as “whales”. It is not known what proportion of industry profits are derived from such players, and whether they are typically wealthy individuals and/or problem gamblers.MethodsWe used structured literature searches to identify surveys of gamers with open-access loot box data. The resulting datasets were aggregated, and correlations between loot box expenditure, problem gambling and earnings investigated using Spearman’s rho correlations. ResultsThe combined open-access data comprised 7,767 loot box purchasers (5,933 with self-report earnings). Secondary analysis of this self-report data confirmed that disproportionate revenue appears to be generated from high-level spenders: the top 5 % of spenders (> USD100/month) represent half of loot box revenue. Previously reported correlations between problem gambling and loot box expenditure were confirmed, with an aggregate correlation of .34, p < .001. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between loot box spend and earnings .02, p = .10.Conclusion Our secondary analysis suggests that games developers (unwittingly or not) are disproportionately profiting from moderate and high-risk gamblers, rather than high earning customers. Such patterns of spending mirror those observed with gambling revenues, and have implications for harm minimisation and ongoing policy debates around loot boxes.
When the time is right: Temporal dynamics of brain activity in healthy aging and dementia
Authors: courtney susan , Hinault Thomas
Published: November 2020

Brain activity and communications are complex phenomena that dynamically unfold over time. However, in contrast with the large number of studies reporting neuroanatomical differences in activation relative to young adults, changes of temporal dynamics of neural activity during normal and pathological aging have been grossly understudied and are still poorly known. Here, we synthesize the current state of knowledge from MEG and EEG studies that aimed at specifying the effects of healthy and pathological aging on local and network dynamics, and discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of these findings. We argue that considering the temporal dynamics of brain activations and networks could provide a better understanding of changes associated with healthy aging, and the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Recent research has also begun to shed light on the association of these dynamics with other imaging modalities and with individual differences in cognitive performance. These insights hold great potential for driving new theoretical frameworks and development of biomarkers to aid in identifying and treating age-related cognitive changes.
The relation between Oxytocin Receptor Gene polymorphisms, adult attachment and Instagram sociability: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Carollo Alessandro , Bonassi Andrea , Cataldo Ilaria , Gabrieli Giulio , Tandiono Moses , Foo Jia Nee , Lepri Bruno , Esposito Gianluca
Published: November 2020

Oxytocin is a primary neuropeptide which coordinates affiliative behavior. Previous researchers pointed to the association between genetic vulnerability on Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) and environmental factors (e.g., social relationships) to comprehend social behavior. Although an extensive knowledge of in-person social interactions has been obtained, little is known about online sociability. A gene-environment perspective is adopted to examine how OXTR and adult attachment moderate Instagram behavior. The genetic factors within the regions OXTR/rs53576 (A/A homozygotes vs G-carriers) and OXTR/rs2254298 (G/G homozygotes vs A-carriers) were assessed. The Experience in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire was used to collect participants' (N = 57, 16 males) attachment with a partner. The number of posts, followed people (“followings”) and followers were obtained from Instagram, and the Social Desirability Index (SDI) was calculated as the ratio of followers to followings. Interaction effects between OXTR groups and ECR-R scores on the number of posts and SDI were hypothesized. Results showed an effect of rs53576 on the number of Instagram followings. Specifically, people with A/A OXTR/rs53576 genotype had more followings than G-carriers independent of the anxiety or avoidance felt towards their partner. These preliminary results offer insights into future investigations on social media behavior.
Countering Cultural Matching? Class and the Cultural Styles Applicants Present to Gatekeepers
Authors: Streib Jessi , Rochmes Jane , Arriaga Felicia , Tavares Carlos , Weed Emi
Published: November 2020

Cultural matching theory holds that class reproduction occurs when individuals from different class origins present different cultural styles to gatekeepers, who in turn select advantaged individuals based upon their styles. This theory also suggests that class reproduction will be disrupted if individuals from different origins present gatekeepers with the same styles. We investigate whether this is possible by examining a case in which similarities are particularly likely to occur: a situation in which public instructions give applicants from each class common information about what styles gatekeepers reward, gatekeepers select among applicants from each class who share access to similar styles, and applicants are likely to use the same styles as they are given time to strategize and need only present each style superficially. Drawing upon a content analysis of over 1,000 randomly selected applications that were written under these conditions, we find that individuals from different class origins present several similar styles but that differences remain. We conclude that the simultaneous presence of these conditions is unlikely to block class reproduction by erasing cultural differences.
Finding Your Way: Shortest Paths on Networks
Authors: Rexin Teresa , Porter Mason A.
Published: November 2020

Traveling to different destinations is a big part of our lives. How do we know the best way to navigate from one place to another? Perhaps we could test all of the different ways of traveling between two places, but another method is using mathematics and computation to find a shortest path. We discuss how to find a shortest path and introduce Dijkstra’s algorithm to minimize the total cost of a path, where the cost may be the travel distance or travel time. We also discuss how shortest paths can be used in the real world to save time and increase traveling efficiency.
Exposure to Common Enemies can Increase Political Polarization: Evidence from a Cooperation Experiment with Automated Partisans
Authors: Jahani Eaman , Gallagher Natalie McDaniel , Merhout Friedolin , Cavalli Nicolo , Guilbeault Douglas , Leng Yan , Bail Christopher A.
Published: November 2020

Longstanding theory indicates the threat of a common enemy can mitigate conflict between members of rival groups. We tested this hypothesis in a pre-registered experiment where 1,670 Republicans and Democrats in the United States were asked to complete a collaborative online task with an automated agent or “bot” that was labelled as a member of the opposing party. Prior to this task, we exposed respondents to primes about a) a common enemy (involving threats from Iran, China, and Russia); b) a patriotic event; or c) a neutral, apolitical prime. Though we observed no significant differences in the behavior of Democrats as a result of these primes, we found that Republicans—and particularly those with very strong conservative views—were significantly less likely to cooperate with Democrats when primed about a common enemy. We also observed lower rates of cooperation among Republicans who participated in our study during the 2020 Iran crisis, which occurred in the middle of our fieldwork. These findings indicate common enemies may not reduce inter-group conflict in highly polarized societies, and contribute to a growing number of studies that find evidence of asymmetric political polarization. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for research in social psychology, political conflict, and the rapidly expanding field of computational social science.
Causal Inference in Population Trends: Searching for Demographic Anomalies in Big Data
Authors: Hauer Mathew , Bohon Stephanie
Published: November 2020

The proliferation of big data, wider access to advanced computing platforms, and the development of powerful statistical algorithms can uncover hidden anomalies in social data, previously dismissed as noise. Here, we combine causal inference techniques and abductive reasoning to identify fertility and mortality anomalies on twenty years of complete demographic data in the United States. We uncover real, “hidden” baby booms/busts and mortality spikes/dips, distinguishable from regular trend variations. We identify more than 22 and 156 fertility and mortality anomalies, totaling more than 200k and 600k anomalous births and deaths, respectively. Notable detectable mortality anomalies include the September 11 2001 terrorist attack in New York and the emergence and acceleration of the opioid epidemic in New Hampshire. Notable fertility anomalies include the “missing births” in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina and the reduction in fertility behavior after the September 2008 stock market crash in Connecticut, amongst others. The combined causal inference and abductive reasoning approach can be readily adapted to find other, undiscovered social phenomena or to evaluate the efficacy of important public policies.
Things do not change, we change. A thematic analysis exploring the representation of a male perpetrator of Domestic Abuse in a fictional narrative
Authors: Moore Nicola , Branney Peter
Published: November 2020

A thematic analysis of a narrative tale of Domestic Abuse and violence perpetrated by a male character; This Charming Man authored by Marian Keyes. themes around power and dominance by males towards females.
Locating Development as a New ‘Discipline’
Authors: Sapkota Mahendra
Published: November 2020

Development is an essentially contested discourse and debated issue; both in theoretical and empirical world. With this proposition, this paper offers a synthesis of multifaceted dimensions of development. Methodologically the paper follows a critical perspective, though it is based only on secondary data and prepared as a synthesis paper drawing insights from various literatures. The major arguments of the paper include that: development is constantly becoming contradictory, involving different actors, agencies, and structures. The paper concludes with the remark that development is being questioned elsewhere, and its conclusion in terms of theory and practice is yet contradictory to have universal validation.
Effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation Provisions in Nepal with Reference to Periodic Plans
Authors: Kharel Khom Raj
Published: November 2020

This study seeks to build a better understanding of the poverty alleviation progress in Nepal and to provide an affordable set of strategic options to the government of Nepal for reducing poverty. Despite significant improvements in economic and social indicators over the past four decades, the study shows that poverty is still widespread in Nepal. The study shows that there is significant progress in poverty alleviation in Nepal. The study indicates that poverty incidence has increased over the past 3 decades in Nepal, a period in which Nepal received substantial development assistance. Poverty is the main factor of declining the quality of living standard of Nepalese people. The objective of the government is to attain prosperity of people. The present study attempts to observe the effectiveness of poverty alleviation trends of Nepal on the basis of different plans. Furthermore, my findings emphasize on the effective measures of poverty alleviation. My argument is that Nepal needs to pay more attention for generating employment opportunities of the nation by increasing investment and modernization in agriculture.
Enhancing the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of 304 steel by grain boundary engineering
Authors: Huang Ming , Yang Xinye , Xue Yunfei , Yang Sen
Published: November 2020

Grain boundary engineering has been widely applied to improve grain boundary-related properties such as intergranular corrosion, radiation damage and cracking in face-centered cubic metals with low to medium stacking fault energy. However, only a few investigations have been conducted to reduce the susceptibility to intergranular hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement has severe effects on applications of engineering materials. In this study, grain boundary engineering was successfully applied to enhance the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of 304 austenitic stainless steel. Optimum grain boundary character distribution was acquired through thermomechanical treatments of 7% cold-rolling reduction and subsequent annealing at 1 0758C for 7 min, which reduced the two hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity indices, Id from 13.5 to 5.2 and Iw from 7.2 to 1.6. The effect of grain boundary character distribution comes from two aspects. On the one hand, special boundaries have some positive effects on the alleviation of hydrogen charging. Under the same charging condition, the charged hydrogen concentration decreases with increasing fraction of low-R CSL boundaries. On the other hand, special boundaries, especially R3 boundaries, could help to hinder the initiation and propagation of hydrogen- induced cracks. Therefore, the resistance of hydrogen embrittlement increases with increasing fraction of low-R CSL boundaries.
Effect of Al–Si alloy coating on interfacial reactions and tensile strength in Ti/Al dissimilar brazing joints
Authors: Ma Zhipeng , Zhang Mingxuan , Li Leijun , Xia Fafeng , Xu Zhiwu
Published: November 2020

We used ultrasonic-assisted brazing to join Al-Si-coated Ti alloys and Al alloys with a Zn-Al-Si filler metal. At the interface between the Ti alloy and Al-0.1Si alloy coating, a block TiAl3 phase formed. In contrast, for the Al-5Si alloy coating, the interfacial reaction layer of the joint consisted of a block Ti(Al,Si)3 phase and needle-like Ti7Al5Si12 phase. Finally, a granular Ti7Al5Si12 phase was formed at the joint interface for the Al-12Si alloy coating. The tensile strength of the joints formed with the Al-0.1Si and Al-12Si alloy coatings was only 160 -185 MPa, and cracks propagated mainly through the reaction layer. The tensile strength of the joints formed with the Al-5Si alloy coating ranged from 210 to 215 MPa, and cracks appeared entirely within the coating, subsequently expanding along the coating and ultimately resulting in failure of the joint.
To the study of Afrotropical species of the genus Aneuclis Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae)
Authors: Khalaim A.I.
Published: November 2020

Aneuclis rhodesiana sp. nov. is described from Zimbabwe, Cameroon and South Africa from the material of the Natural History Museum, London. New faunistic records of six species of the genus Aneuclis are given for Afrotropical region.
Features of Modern Management
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Abisheva M.A. , Pertiwi F.D. ,   Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Management is an individual or group of individuals that accept responsibilities to run an organization. Management is essential not only for business concerns but also for banks, schools, colleges, hospitals, hotels, religious bodies, charitable trusts etc. Every business unit has some objectives of its own. Management is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organised group activity. It is considered as the indispensable institution in the modern social organization marked by scientific thought and technological innovations. One or the other form of management is essential wherever human efforts are to be undertaken collectively to satisfy wants through some productive activity, occupation or profession. This study using descriptive method. Descriptive method is a technique used on finding the elements, characteristic and nature of a phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to provide a profile of a phenomenon or to explain its relevant aspects based on individual perspective, organizational, industrial, or any other perspective. Modern management has many new principles compared to traditional management, which include responsibility, which is explained as a prerequisite for successful management, loyalty to employees, an atmosphere that promotes the disclosure of employee abilities, communication that permeates the organization from top to bottom, from bottom to top and horizontally, the participation of each employee in the overall results, timely response to changes in the environment, the ability to contact suppliers, buyers, performers and managers, business ethics, methods of working with people, they are aimed at creating job satisfaction, direct participation of managers in group work, honest attitude and trust in people, using the fundamental principles of management in their work, a clear understanding of the place and role of the organization in the future, the quality of personal work and continuous self-improvement.
Visitationen, Visitatoren, Reformen und Änderungen im Konventsleben des Deutschen Ordens um die Wende zum 16. Jahrhundert, insbesondere in Preußen
Authors: Gancewski Jan
Published: November 2020

Local inspections aiming to reform the Teutonic Order in Prussia, as well as the attempts at self-reform made by selected bailiwicks stood in opposition to the plans of the last two Grand Masters to transform the Order into Deutsche Adels in Prussen. Most Teutonic knights did not desire or no longer believed in the reform of the Order. The decentralization of the Teutonic State in Prussia and its administration led directly to the secularization of the Order, including the ideals and aspirations of Teutonic knights in the Baltic region
Handel towarami leśnymi w świetle kowieńskiej księgi wójtowskiej (1561–1564)
Authors: Łożyński Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Las od zawsze miał duże znaczenie gospodarcze. Dawał okolicznym mieszkańcom i jego użytkownikom przede wszystkim drewno, bez którego nie mogło funkcjonować ówczesne rzemiosło. Surowce leśne były przedmiotem handlu wewnętrznego, a towary leśne odgrywały znaczącą rolę w eksporcie na zachód Europy. Postęp gospodarczy i sprzyjająca koniunktura handlowa dla Litwy na produkty leśne pozwalała rodzimym i obcym kupcom na swobodny wywóz z puszcz leżących wokół Kowna takich towarów, jak drewno, popiół czy smoła.
Sejm pierwszej połowy XVII wieku – bilans sukcesów i porażek
Authors: Korytko Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Artykuł dotyczy funkcjonowania polsko-litewskiego parlamentu w I połowie XVII w. Autor podjął próbę – w oparciu o wybrane przykłady – dokonania bilansu sukcesów i porażek sejmu w analizowanym okresie. Po stronie sukcesów wymienił m.in. bogaty dorobek ustawodawczy czy kulturotwórczą rolę sejmu. Natomiast po stronie porażek zapisał słabą efektywność obrad i brak głębokich reform samego parlamentu.
Dzieje malborskiej rezydencji Towarzystwa Jezusowego 1618–1780
Authors: Zawadzki Wojciech
Published: November 2020

W okresie nowożytnym Malbork był ważnym ośrodkiem miejskim w Prusach Królewskich. W latach 1618–1780 działalność duszpasterską w tym mieście prowadzili jezuici. Do zakończenia wojny ze Szwedami w 1660 r. zakon nie posiadał własnej świątyni, lecz wspomagał księży diecezjalnych w kościele parafialnym św. Jana. W 1666 r. rezydencja jezuicka w Malborku otrzymała pokrzyżacki kościół Najświętszej Maryi Panny na Zamku Wysokim wraz z kaplicą grzebalną św. Anny. Poza pracą duszpasterską wśród malborskich katolików jezuici prowadzili także nauczanie młodzieży męskiej i organizowali misje parafialne na Żuławach i Powiślu. Ważnym obszarem ich działalności były próby rekatolizacji zdominowanego przez luteran Malborka i okolicznych miejscowości. Kres istnienia rezydencji malborskiej przyniosło breve papieża Klemensa XIV „Dominus ac Redemptor” 21 lipca 1773 r. Ostatni zakonnik opuścił miasto w 1780 r.
«Стать шляхтой»: бояре несвижско-слуцкого региона в XVIII – начале XIX в.
Authors: Glinskiy Yevgeniy
Published: November 2020

Artykuł omawia proces przeniesienia bojarów (chłopów odpowiedzialnych za dostawę towarów i korespondencji) do ziemiańskich obowiązków w prywatnych i kościelnych majątkach regionu nieświesko-słuckiego w XVIII wieku. Autor wyznacza i analizuje możliwości takich przemian, zauważa, że w posiadłościach książąt Radziwiłłów większość bojarów przeszła na służbę ziemiańską w połowie XVIII wieku. W majątkach kościelnych bojarzy jako odrębna grupa ludności przetrwali do końca XVIII wieku, chociaż stopniowo łączyli się względem obowiązków z chłopstwem czynszowym. Pomimo przeważnie chłopskiego pochodzenia bojarów osiągnięcie przez nich statusu ziemiańskiego pozwoliło im ubiegać się o uznanie za szlachtę pełnoprawną. W XIX wieku podczas „rozbioru szlachty” przeprowadzonego przez władze rosyjskie pewna część bojarów zdążyła otrzymać urzędową legitymację (dworianstwo), z reguły drogą mistyfikacji własnego pochodzenia i fałszowania dokumentów potwierdzających przynależność do szlachty. W niektórych przypadkach z tych przyczyn rody pochodzenia bojarskiego zmieniały nawet własne nazwiska.
Rok 1989 w lokalnej perspektywie. Przykład Lidzbarka Warmińskiego
Authors: Gross Radosław
Published: November 2020

Wydarzenia, do jakich doszło w kraju w 1988 i 1989 r. nie były obojętne dla mieszkańców lokalnych społeczności, w tym także społeczności zamieszkującej Lidzbark Warmiński. Wywarły wpływ zarówno na postawy mieszkańców miasta, które od jesieni 1988 r. zaczęły się wyraźnie radykalizować, jak i na reakcję na to zjawisko lokalnych władz partyjnych i administracyjnych. Z perspektywy komunistów głównym środkiem, mającym wówczas prowadzić do utrzymania władzy przez ich partię w kraju (i zarazem w mieście), a jednocześnie do uspokojenia sytuacji społecznej, miały być częściowo wolne wybory do sejmu i wolne wybory do senatu. Artykuł dotyczy zmian w polityce lokalnych władz w Lidzbarku Warmińskim w 1989 r. wobec przemian zachodzących w Polsce od jesieni 1988 do początków 1990 r., a także w obliczu pogarszających się nastrojów społecznych w mieście. Przybliża główne wydarzenia i zjawiska, które wystąpiły wówczas w Lidzbarku Warmińskim, w tym także rodzące się postawy opozycyjne i oddolne inicjatywy mieszkańców.
Sakralne topografie. Miejsca kultu św. Antoniego w przestrzeni kościoła pw. Świętej Trójcy w Opolu
Authors: Ebiś Klaudia
Published: November 2020

Święty Antoni jest jednym z najpopularniejszych świętych w Kościele katolickim. Mimo upływu czasu jego sława nie maleje, a kolejne pokolenia nadal w różnych sprawach wzywają jegowstawiennictwa. Tekst stanowi próbę omówienia kultu św. Antoniego w Opolu. Autorka rozpoczęła od przedstawienia podstawowych informacji dotyczących osiedlenia się franciszkanów w Opolu. W kościele pw. Świętej Trójcy można zobaczyć kaplicę, która dawniej była poświęcona św. Antoniemu, obraz mający w tytule jego imię, figury kaznodziei oraz skarbonki znane pod nazwą „Chleb św. Antoniego”; ofiary składane do tych skarbonek są przeznaczane dla potrzebujących. Zawarte w Modlitewniku Prowincji Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Zakonu Braci Mniejszych w Polsce teksty pokazują miłość i zaufanie, jakimi otaczany jest ten święty. Widać w nich bogactwo treści, w których ukazany jest on jako orędownik ludzkich spraw i doskonały wzór życia chrześcijańskiego. Ciekawą kwestię stanowi podobieństwo przestrzeni sakralnej kościoła do bazyliki w Padwie. Klasztor franciszkanów w Opolu przylega do świątyni od prawej strony, a ołtarz jest umiejscowiony na lewo od wejścia od strony centrum miasta. Taki sam układ można dostrzec w bazylice św. Antoniego w Padwie.
Pięć błędów Marcina Starzyńskiego. Na marginesie dyskusji nad średniowiecznym skryptorium klasztoru cystersów w Mogile
Authors: Wałkówski Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Niniejszy artykuł polemiczny jest odpowiedzią na recenzję Marcina Starzyńskiego dotyczącą książki Zbigniewa Domżała i Andrzeja Walkówskiego pt. Imię róży inaczej... W tajemniczym świecie pisarzy i rękopisów klasztoru cystersów w Mogile do początków XVI wieku. Polemika z Marcinem Starzyńskim obejmuje te Jego zarzuty, które uznano za błędne. Połączono je w pięć grup. Pierwsza dotyczy niezrozumienia tekstu, druga to przeinaczenia poglądów zawartych w recenzowanej książce. Natomiast trzecia grupa, to zarzuty, które „rozmijają się” z tematem recenzowanej przez Marcina Starzyńskiego pracy. Grupa czwarta obejmuje błędy polegające na niezrozumieniu jej problematyki. Grupa piąta opiera się na nieprawidłowym wykorzystaniu podstawy źródłowej, kiedy to Marcin Starzyński powołuje się na treści nieobecne w cytowanych przez Niego źródłach. Wspomniane kategorie błędów są ze sobą ściśle powiązane.
Techniques de neuromodulation pour la prophylaxie de la migraine
Authors: Mick G. , Mawet J. , Moisset X.
Published: November 2020

Les techniques de neuromodulation, bien connues dans le domaine du traitement de la douleur chronique, ont été évaluées pour le traitement prophylactique de la migraine. Cette revue de la littérature présente ces différentes techniques et les résultats principaux des études contrôlées et/ou comparatives. L’analyse souligne l’hétérogénéité des protocoles thérapeutiques utilisés, tout autant que de leur qualité méthodologique. Dans ces conditions, certaines techniques comme la neurostimulation transcutanée supraorbitaire, la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive, la stimulation transcrânienne directe par courant continu, et la stimulation implantée des nerfs occipitaux, peuvent apparaître potentiellement bénéfiques, mais des études rigoureuses s’avèrent nécessaires afin de confirmer l’intérêt de certaines de ces approches, de préciser les paramètres de stimulation et les conditions de réalisation, et de définir leur place dans la stratégie thérapeutique préventive.
Une nouvelle génération de traitements spécifiques de la crise migraineuse : ditans et gépants
Authors: Mick G.
Published: November 2020

Les traitements de référence de la crise migraineuse sont actuellement les triptans, dont la limite d’usage concerne les patients avec antécédents cardiovasculaires, méconnus chez certains patients, et la tolérabilité, les effets latéraux affectant près d’un tiers des patients. Deux nouvelles classes de traitements oraux sont aujourd’hui disponibles sur le marché nord-américain, avec un bon profil de sécurité d’emploi en cas de trouble cardiovasculaire. Le lasmiditan, seul représentant de la classe des ditans, agonistes des récepteurs 5-HT1F sans effet cardiovasculaire mais avec un effet modulateur neuronal, a une efficacité similaire, voire légèrement supérieure aux triptans, pour une tolérabilité équivalente en termes de sédation et vertiges, effets latéraux les plus fréquents. L’ubrogépant et le rimégépant, de la classe des gépants, bloqueurs des récepteurs du neuromédiateur CGRP qui a un rôle dans le développement de la crise migraineuse, ont une efficacité similaire, voire légèrement inférieure aux triptans, mais avec une tolérabilité bien meilleure. Alors qu’ils sont indiqués en première ligne en cas de risque cardiovasculaire, la place de ces traitements reste à préciser : en première ligne du fait de leur tolérabilité (gépants) ou de leur efficacité (ditans), ou en seconde ligne après les triptans.
La gestion de la fiscalité locale
Authors: Le Clainche Michel
Published: November 2020

L’État assume l’essentiel de la charge de la gestion de la fiscalité locale qui est complexe et archaïque. Les collectivités locales y participent diversement selon les impôts mais restent très dépendantes de l’État. Cette répartition inégale des tâches n’est pas contestée mais reste fragile et en contradiction avec la volonté de renforcer l’autonomie des collectivités.
Le nouveau réseau de proximité des finances publiques (NRP)
Authors: Roux-Trescases Isabelle
Published: November 2020

Le Nouveau Réseau de Proximité de la Direction générale des finances publiques (DGFiP) vise à concilier qualité et accessibilité de l’offre de services, meilleur équilibre de ses implantations dans les territoires et efficacité. Dans le cadre d’une démarche pluriannuelle, partenariale, concertée au plus près des territoires, sa mise en oeuvre est progressive. À terme, le réseau sera structuré autour de nouveaux services dédiées aux collectivités locales, d’accueils de proximité multipliés et de services de gestion plus resserrés. La relocalisation de services des grandes métropoles vers les territoires ruraux ou péri-urbains complète cette nouvelle implantation des services de la DGFiP.
Quelles perspectives pour les mandats municipaux 2020-2026 ?
Authors: Klopfer Michel
Published: November 2020

Partant d’une excellente situation financière moyenne à fin 2019 en matière de taux d’épargne brute et de capacité de désendettement, à quelque peu nuancer pour les grandes villes, les communes vont voir leurs marges de manoeuvre se dégrader, dans la mesure où l’État accordera davantage de soutien aux entreprises qu’aux collectivités dont les pertes de recettes ne seront que très parcimonieusement compensées. Dans le cadre de prospectives financières qui devront être, par prudence, déclinées en examinant des scénarios de crise prolongée dans le temps, les exécutifs municipaux devront résister à la tentation de privilégier trop fortement le levier de la dette car celle-ci est vouée de toute façon à augmenter, même en l’absence d’une accélération des plans d’investissement.
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN MESIN PENGGILING JAHE DAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH AMPAS JAHE MENJADI BUBUK JAHE
Authors: Ngatirah Ngatirah , Dewi Christina Wahyu Ari
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKProgram Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) dilaksanakan dengan mitra industri rumah tangga (IRT) Jahe Instan “Merapi Mantap" di Dusun Kinahrejo, Umbulharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra adalah belum adanya mesin penggiling jahe dan belum adanya pengolahan limbah perasan jahe. Selama ini mitra selalu menggilingkan jahe ke pasar sehingga menambah biaya produksi. Selain itu limbah perasan jahe belum dimanfaatkan dan biasanya hanya dibuang di kebun. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya untuk mengurangi biaya produksi dengan melakukan introduksi mesing penggiling jahe dan perlu dilakukan pelatihan untuk pengolahan limbah perasan jahe menjadi tepung jahe. Tujuan PKM ini adalah (1) introduksi dan pelatihan mesin penggiling jahe (2) pelatihan pengolahan limbah perasan jahe menjadi tepung jahe. Metode yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif yang melibatkan mitra secara aktif, dengan tahapan pengadaan mesin penggiling jahe, pelatihan penggunaan mesin penggiling jahe dan pengolahan limbah perasan jahe menjadi bubuk jahe. Hasil kegiatan PKM ini adalah transfer teknologi tepat guna penggunaan mesin penggiling jahe dan pemanfaatan limbah jahe menjadi bubuk jahe dengan rendemen 18.5% dan kadar air sekitar 10%. Dampak kegiatan ini adalah adanya pengurangan biaya produksi untuk penggilingan jahe dan adanya produk tepung jahe yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai produk. Dampak lingkungan yaitu dapat mengurangi pencemaran limbah. Kata kunci: mesin penggiling jahe; pengolahan limbah, bubuk jahe. ABSTRACTThis activity was implemented in domestic industry partners Jahe Instan "Merapi Mantap" in Kinahrejo Village, Umbulharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman. The problems is the absence of ginger grinding machines and the absence of ginger-based waste treatment. The partner always grinds ginger to the market so the cost of production increased. In addition, the waste of  ginger squeeze is not utilized and usually only disposed of in the garden. The purpose of this activity is (1) introduction and training of ginger grinding machine (2) training of processing waste squeeze ginger into ginger powder. The method is carried out using a participatory approach, with the stage of making the procurement of ginger grinding machine, training the use of ginger grinding machine and conducting ginger squeeze waste treatment activities into ginger flour. The result of the activity is the transfer of appropriate technology regarding the use of ginger grinding machines and the utilization of ginger squeeze waste into ginger flour. The yield of ginger powder is 18.5% with water content about 10%. Impact of this activity is the reduction of production costs for ginger milling and the powder ginger as new product that can be utilized for various products. Environmental impacts can reduce waste pollution. Keywords: ginger grinding machine; waste treatment; ginger powder
Reang Women: Development, Autonomy and Fertility
Authors: Sinha Anindita
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Using primary data collected through multistage random sampling design from 400 women respondents, this paper investigates the determinants of fertility among the Reang tribe of Tripura. Building on the demand theory of fertility which emphasizes the crucial role of socioeconomic development for fertility decline, and incorporating the effect of women’s autonomy on fertility behavior; Poisson regression analysis has been employed to discern the determinants of children ever born, as a measure of fertility. Results indicate that Reang women with more years of formal education and higher autonomy levels bear fewer children, even after adjusting for other factors such as age at marriage, socioeconomic status and women’s work status. Hence, policies aimed at promoting higher education of Reang women have to be implemented efficiently. Also, this study emphasizes the need to support processes and factors that increase women’s autonomy as a route to reducing fertility among the Reangs.