bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Nationwide Impact of a Registry-Based Randomized Clinical Trial on Cardiovascular Practice
Authors: Buccheri Sergio , Sarno Giovanna , Fröbert Ole , Gudnason Thorarinn , Lagerqvist Bo , Lindholm Daniel , Maeng Michael , Olivecrona Göran , James Stefan
Published: March 2019

Background:

Registry-based randomized clinical trials have emerged as useful tools to provide evidence on the comparative efficacy and safety of different therapeutic strategies. However, it remains unknown whether the results of registry-based randomized clinical trials have a sizable impact on daily clinical practice. We sought, therefore, to describe the temporal trends in thrombus aspiration (TA) use in Sweden before, during, and after dissemination of the TASTE trial (Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia) results.

Methods and Results:

From January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017, we included all consecutive patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous revascularization in Sweden. All patients were registered in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry. A total of 55 809 ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients were included. TA use in Sweden substantially decreased after dissemination of TASTE results (from 39.8% to 11.8% during and after TASTE, respectively). Substantial variability in TA use across treating centers was observed before TASTE (TA use ranging from 0% to 70%), but after TASTE both the interhospital variability and the frequency of TA use were markedly reduced. A constant shift in medical practice was seen about 4 months after dissemination of the TASTE trial results. Time trends for all-cause mortality and definite stent thrombosis at 30 days were not associated with variations in TA use (
P
values >0.05 using the Granger test).

Conclusions:

In Sweden, the results of the TASTE trial were impactful in daily clinical practice and led to a relevant decrease in TA use in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization.
Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Delesalle Geraud , Bohbot Yohann , Rusinaru Dan , Delpierre Quentin , Maréchaux Sylvestre , Tribouilloy Christophe
Published: March 2019

Background

Moderate aortic stenosis (
MAS
) has not been extensively studied and characterized, as no published study has been specifically devoted to this condition.

Methods and Results

We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with
MAS
and to evaluate their long‐term survival compared with that of the general population. This study included 508 patients (mean±SD age, 75±11 years) with
MAS
(aortic valve area between 1 and 1.5 cm
2
; mean±SD aortic valve area, 1.2±0.15 cm
2
) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients were mostly (86.4%) asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, 78.3% had hypertension, 36.2% were diabetics, and 48.3% had dyslipidemia. Each patient with MAS was matched for the average survival (per year) of all patients of the same age and same sex from our region (Somme department, north of France). During follow‐up (median 47 months), 113 patients (22.2%) underwent aortic valve replacement for severe AS. The mean±SD time between inclusion and surgery was 37±22 months. During follow‐up, 255 patients (50.2%) died. The 6‐year survival of patients with
MAS
was lower than the expected survival (53±2% versus 65%). In multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02–1.05];
P
<0.001), prior atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.05–1.73];
P
=0.019), and Charlson comorbidity index (hazard ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.05–1.18];
P
=0.002) were associated with increased mortality. Aortic valve replacement was associated with better survival (hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.27–0.54];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this study show that patients with
MAS
present many cardiovascular risk factors, a high rate of surgery during follow‐up, and increased mortality compared with the general population mainly related to associated comorbidities. Patients with
MAS
should, therefore, be managed for their cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. They require close follow‐up, especially when the aortic valve area is close to 1 cm
2
, as aortic valve replacement performed when patients transition to severe
AS
and develop indications for surgery during follow‐up is associated with better survival.
Revision of the genus Heterocoelia Dahlbom from China, with a key to the Oriental species (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)
Authors: XU ZAIFU , HE JUNHUA
Published: March 2019

The males of two new species of Heterocoelia from China: H. zhaoi n. sp. and H. sinensis n. sp. are described and illustrated. A key to Chinese Heterocoelia is provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, China.
A new genus with two new species of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguroidea, Paguridae) from an unique habitat
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN PATSY A. , RAHAYU DWI L.
Published: March 2019

A new genus, Pteropagurus, is proposed for two new species of hermit crabs that are described and illustrated herein. These species, Pteropagurus inermis n. sp. and P. spina n. sp. are unique in that their shelter of choice is empty pteropod mollusk shells. The taxon can be categorized as a deepwaters genus, with a bathymetric range of 285 to 700 meters. Although both species are presently known only from New Caledonia, it is quite possible that their occurrence in other areas has been overlooked because their unique habitat has been neither expected nor heretofore considered a resource for hermit crabs.
Revision of Paraeupolymnia, and redescription of Nicolea uspiana comb. nov. (Terebellidae: Polychaeta)
Authors: LONDOÑO-MESA MARIO H.
Published: March 2019

Paraeupolymnia Young & Kritzler, 1987 is redefined and its type species, P. carus Young & Kritzler, 1987, is redescribed. It is easily recognized by the presence of two pairs of branchiae on segments two and three, and one pair of lateral lappets on segments two/three; its distribution is expanded to include localities in Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Lesser Antilles and Venezuela. Paraeupolymnia garciagomezi sp. nov. is described from the Florida Keys; it differs from its congeners by the presence of a region with many tubercles on the thoracic dorsal surface, and a rounded emergent papillae between the notoand neuropodia. Finally, P. uspiana Nogueira, 2003, is transferred to Nicolea Malmgren, 1866, because of the lack of lateral lappets, and variation in the number of thoracic chaetigers.
Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes
Authors: ELÍAS-GUTIÉRREZ MANUEL , KOTOV ALEXEY A. , GARFIAS-ESPEJO TANIA
Published: March 2019

Different surveys in the Campechano–Petenense biogeographical province, including a part of Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, and North of Guatemala (Departments of Peten and Alta Verapaz), produced a list of 56 species of the Cladocera. Studied water bodies included small temporary pools, sinkholes (named cenotes), permanent lagoons, wetlands, and Peten Lake. We increase the number of known cladoceran species from Mexico by adding eight new records, and provide the first published species list for Belize, as well as for the Mayan Mountains and intermittent rivers from Guatemala. Interesting taxa found are Diaphanosoma bergamini Paggi & da Rocha, 1999; Macrothrix spinosa King, 1853; M. elegans Sars, 1901; Grimaldina brazzai Richard, 1892; Picripleuroxus quasidenticulatus Smirnov, 1996; Ephemeroporus tridentatus (Bergamin, 1939); Graptoleberis sp.; Alona cf. ossiani Sinev, 1998; Oxyurella ciliata Bergamin, 1939, and O. longicaudis (Birge, 1910). The majority of these species are Neotropical representatives, and the Mexican records are the northernmost. Few other taxa, such as the recently described Leydigia louisi mexicana Kotov, Elías-Gutiérrez & Nieto, 2003, are related to African species or widely distributed, like Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882. Some species, as E. tridentatus (Bergamin) and O. ciliata Bergamin were rare in the samples.
Validation of High Ocean Surface Winds from Satellites Using Oil Platform Anemometers
Authors: Manaster Andrew , Ricciardulli Lucrezia , Meissner Thomas
Published: March 2019

Reliable sources for validating wind observations made by spaceborne microwave radiometer and scatterometer sensors above 15 m s−1 are scarce. Anemometers mounted on oil platforms provide usable wind speed measurements that can help fill this gap. In our study we compare wind speed observations from six microwave satellites (WindSat, AMSR-E, AMSR2, SMAP, QuikSCAT, and ASCAT) with wind speed records from 10 oil platform anemometers in the North and Norwegian Seas that were provided by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. We study various forms of the vertical wind profile, which is required to convert anemometer winds to a reference height of 10 m above sea level. We create and analyze matchups between satellite and anemometer winds and find good agreement up to wind speeds of 30 m s−1 within the margin of errors. We also evaluate wind speeds from several analyses [ECMWF, NCEP, and Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP)]. We find them to be significantly lower than the anemometer winds with their biases increasing systematically with increasing wind speed. Important components of our analysis include a detailed discussion on the quality control of the anemometer winds and a quantitative analysis of the uncertainties in creating the matchups.
Understanding Public Engagement With Global Aid Agencies on Twitter: A Technosocial Framework
Authors: Shahin Saif , Dai Zehui
Published: March 2019

This study develops a technosocial framework for assessing the efficacy of global aid agencies’ use of Twitter’s algorithmic affordances for participatory social change. We combine computational and interpretive methods to examine tweets posted by three global aid agencies—U.S. Agency for International Development, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, and the International Committee of the Red Cross—as well as public tweets that mention these agencies ( N = ~100,000). Results indicate that when an agency (a) replies to or retweets public tweeters, (b) includes publicly oriented hashtags and hyperlinks in its tweets, and (c) tweets about topics that the public is also interested in and tweeting about, the social network that develops around the agency is more interconnected, decentralized, and reciprocal. Our framework can help development institutions build more participatory social networks, with multiple voices helping determine collective goals and strategies of collective action for sustainable social change. We also discuss the theoretical implications and methodological significance of our approach.
Do Sustainability Rating Schemes Capture Climate Goals?
Authors: Rekker Saphira A. C. , Humphrey Jacquelyn E. , O’Brien Katherine R.
Published: March 2019

The 2015 Paris Agreement set a global warming limit of 2°C above preindustrial levels. Corporations play an important role in achieving this objective, and methods have recently been developed to map global climate targets to specific industries, and individual corporations within those industries. In this article, we assess whether Sustainability ratings capture corporate performance in meeting the 2°C target. We analyze nine rating schemes used by investors and three commonly used in academic studies. Most rating schemes do consider corporate greenhouse gas emissions in their analysis, whereas only a minority scale emissions by factors that have the potential to allow benchmarking against science-based targets. None take the final step of mapping climate indicators against the 2°C target. Furthermore, we find a lack of consistency in the climate change ratings of the databases used in academic studies. These results are concerning in the context of being able to meet global climate change goals.
Thenar Muscle Oxygen Saturation Levels: A Surrogate for Central Venous Oxygen Saturation?
Authors: Samraj Ravi S. , Kerrigan Maria , Mejia Maria , Wilson Laura , Fudge James C. , Vyas Himesh V. , Gupta Dipankar
Published: March 2019

Purpose. Shock is associated with increased tissue oxygen extraction. Near-infrared spectroscopy–derived thenar muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2) levels can provide an estimate of the oxygen supply-demand balance at the tissue level. We hypothesized that thenar StO2 levels would correlate with central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) levels, the gold standard for global tissue oxygen extraction in the body. Methods. We prospectively enrolled 60 pediatric subjects admitted to pediatric intensive care unit or who underwent cardiac catheterization from September 2015 to March 2018. Thenar StO2 levels were measured using the InSpectra StO2 probe. Concurrent measurements of ScvO2 and peripheral tissue oxygenation (StO2) were achieved through simultaneous testing. For ScvO2, a central line placed in the superior vena cava was utilized for serum specimen collection, while the InSpectra probe recorded StO2 measurements from the thenar eminence of the patient’s right hand. Results. Sixty observations of thenar StO2 and ScvO2 levels were derived from 60 subjects. Mean thenar StO2 levels were 74.72 ± 11.18% and displayed significant correlation with paired ScvO2 measurements ( m = 72.17 ± 9.77%; ρ = 0.317, P = .018). Correlation was much more significant in subjects who were not on mechanical ventilatory support as opposed to those who were on it ( ρSORA = 0.496, PSORA = .003, vs ρVENT = 0.161, PVENT = .433). A thenar StO2 of 73% had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 77.8% in predicting an ScvO2 of less than 65%. Conclusion. This is the first study to report correlation of thenar StO2 and ScvO2 levels in children. Our study results show a significant correlation between these levels. Thenar StO2 measurements may have a role in the bedside management of critically ill children in whom ScvO2 monitoring is not available.
Park and Neighborhood Attributes Associated With Park Use: An Observational Study Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Park Keunhyun
Published: March 2019

As the world becomes more urbanized, neighborhood parks are becoming an increasingly important venue where people engage in physical and social activities. Using park-use data collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the aim of this study is to account for park use in light of park attributes and neighborhood conditions. The role of the built environment near a park receives particular attention as it is understudied in the literature. A regression model shows that neighborhood park utilization is positively associated with park attributes (i.e., larger area, a playground, a creek/pond, quality maintenance, and organized activities) and neighborhood attributes (i.e., fewer minority/low-income population, higher density, more commercial and public uses, and a well-connected street network). The statistical significance of these factors varies by user types. This study provides insights into the role of neighborhood compactness and mixed land use, which calls for interdisciplinary collaboration among urban planners/designers, landscape architects, and park programmers.
Stimulus-Response and Response-Effect Compatibility With Touchless Gestures and Moving Action Effects
Authors: Janczyk Markus , Xiong Aiping , Proctor Robert W.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To determine whether response-effect (R-E) compatibility or stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility is more critical for touchless gesture responses.

Background:

Content on displays can be moved in the same direction (S-R incompatible but R-E compatible) or opposite direction (S-R compatible but R-E incompatible) as the touchless gesture that produces the movement. Previous studies suggested that it is easier to produce a button-press response when it is R-E compatible (and S-R incompatible). However, whether this R-E compatibility effect also occurs for touchless gesture responses is unknown.

Method:

Experiments 1 and 2 employed an R-E compatibility manipulation in which participants made responses with an upward or downward touchless gesture that resulted in the display content moving in the same (compatible) or opposite (incompatible) direction. Experiment 3 employed an S-R compatibility manipulation in which the stimulus occurred at the upper or lower location on the screen.

Results:

Overall, only negligible influences of R-E compatibility on performing the touchless gestures were observed (in contrast to button-press responses), whereas S-R compatibility heavily affected the gestural responses.

Conclusion:

The R-E compatibility obtained in many previous studies with various types of responses appears not to hold for touchless gestures as responses.

Application:

The results suggest that in the design of touchless interfaces, unique factors may contribute to determining which mappings of gesture and display movements are preferred by users.
Informal mental health interventions for people with severe mental illness in low and lower middle-income countries: A systematic review of effectiveness
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Holton Sara , Tran Thach , Fisher Jane
Published: March 2019

Background:

The effectiveness of interventions for people with severe mental illness delivered by informal community care providers in low and lower middle-income countries is not known. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of the impact of community-based interventions implemented by the informal sector for people with severe mental illness in these settings.

Methods:

Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for English-language publications using both keywords and MeSH terms. All study designs were included.

Results:

Five papers, reporting data from five studies conducted in four low and lower middle-income countries in 2017, met the inclusion criteria for the review. Of the five included studies, three had a before and after design, one was a randomized controlled trial, and one a qualitative investigation. Most interventions with a low-moderate quality of evidence used informal community care providers to deliver either self-help groups, traditional healing treatments, and/or a rehabilitation program. The investigators reported data about improvements in the outcomes of intervention participants (psychosocial functioning, psychotic symptoms, and social inclusion) and positive impacts on their families (family’s knowledge and skills of mental illness management, caregiving burden, social exclusion/stigma against people with severe mental illness, and financial burden). Cost-effectiveness of the intervention (in one study) found that it had a higher financial cost but greater effectiveness than the usual standard of care.

Conclusion:

Although only a small number of studies were identified, the review provides promising evidence of the professionally developed interventions for people with severe mental illness, delivered by the informal community workforce in low and lower middle-income settings. Training and supportive supervision for informal community care providers are crucial components of effective interventions.
Accommodation Request Strategies Among Employees With Disabilities: Impacts and Associated Factors
Authors: Dong Shengli , Geyer Paul , Hinton Tameisha , Chin Arizona
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of different workplace accommodation request strategies, the effectiveness of different request approaches, and situational and individual factors associated with different request strategies for individuals with disabilities. Common action plans of accommodation requests may vary depending on decisions about mentioning the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) (or not) and whether a formal (or informal) request is submitted, though past literature has focused primarily on formal accommodation requests made under the auspices of the ADA. Participants ( n = 408) were recruited from rehabilitation agencies and organizations serving people with disabilities in the United States. The results indicated that informal requests without mentioning the ADA were found most often, followed by formal requests while not mentioning the ADA, formal requests while mentioning the ADA, and informal requests while mentioning the ADA. The odds of acquiring the requested accommodation were significantly higher, relative to other strategies, for requests made informally without mentioning the ADA. A variety of individual attributes capable of discerning when participants chose one strategy over another were observed; these included self-efficacy and outcome expectancy, negative affect, and an array of situational and personal attributes. Implications for research and practice were discussed.
Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act and Rules: Deforestation, Tribal Displacement and an Alibi for Legalised Land Grabbing
Authors: Saxena K. B.
Published: March 2019

Compensatory afforestation means the afforestation of plantations of an equivalent area of non-forest land or of double the area of degraded notified forest to compensate for the loss of forests diverted for development activities. The user of this diverted forest is required to pay its ‘net present value’ to the forest department for this purpose. On the direction of the Supreme Court, a law has been enacted and rules framed to manage the money collected for afforestation. The contents of this legislation and the manner of its enforcement have, however, led to a severe reduction of the tribals’ access to forest resources, forcible plantation on their village commons, pastures and even on patta land, and the relocation of their settlements from forests, thereby violating their rights in land and forests. It has also led to severely eroding their means of livelihood besides creating a perverse incentive for deforestation. This has created a new area of conflict between tribal communities and the state.
How to Increase Participation in Telework Programs in U.S. Federal Agencies: Examining the Effects of Being a Female Supervisor, Supportive Leadership, and Diversity Management
Authors: Bae Kwang Bin , Lee David , Sohn Hosung
Published: March 2019

Previous research has established the connection between teleworking and organizational performance, but there remains a need to understand why employees who are eligible for telework programs do not necessarily utilize the programs. This study uses the 2013 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey to examine the effects of being a female supervisor, supportive leadership, and diversity management, and the moderating effects of contextual factors on employee eligibility and participation in telework. We find that both supportive leadership and diversity management reduce the nonparticipation in telework programs of employees who are eligible and willing to telework. We also find that the interaction between being a female supervisor and supportive leadership reduces the nonparticipation in telework programs when employees are eligible for telework. These results imply that female supervisors who use supportive leadership are more likely to contribute to increasing the number of public employees who are able to participate in existing telework programs.
Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States
Authors: Spetz Joanne , Chapman Susan A. , Bates Timothy , Jura Matthew , Schmidt Laura A.
Published: March 2019

Thirty-three U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and 10 states and DC have legalized marijuana for adult recreational use. This mirrors an international trend toward relaxing restrictions on marijuana. This article analyzes patterns in marijuana laws across U.S. states to shed light on the social and political forces behind the liberalization of marijuana policy following a long era of conservatism. Data on U.S. state-level demographics, economic conditions, and cultural and political characteristics are analyzed, as well as establishment of and levels of support for other drug and social policies, to determine whether there are patterns between states that have liberalized marijuana policy versus those that have not. Laws decriminalizing marijuana possession, as well as those authorizing its sale for medical and recreational use, follow the same pattern of diffusion. The analysis points to underlying patterns of demographic, cultural, economic, and political variation linked to marijuana policy liberalization in the U.S. context, which deserve further examination internationally.
Exploring Teachers’ Evaluation Perceptions: A Snapshot
Authors: Derrington Mary Lynne , Martinez James Anthony
Published: March 2019

Teacher perceptions after 5 years of implementing evaluation protocols that were initiated under Race to the Top revealed attitudes about the evaluation instrument used and the nature of their relationship with the evaluator. This study surveyed middle and high school teachers in nine Eastern Tennessee school districts. Data indicated unintended consequences as a result of their evaluations, including impacts on relationships with principals as well as the concerns with principal time needed for evaluations. Findings imply that the reformed evaluation system is not effectively providing learning opportunities for secondary teachers who had previously been judged as competent.
Policing Atmospheres: Crowds, Protest and ‘Atmotechnics’
Authors: Wall Illan rua
Published: March 2019

In 1983, the British police adopted their first public order policing manual, laying the foundations of a secretive archive. The manuals and training materials produced in the intervening years provide an untapped repository of affective thought. This article reads the 1983 and 2016 training materials for their atmospheric insights. It develops the term police ‘atmotechnics’ to describe interventions that are specifically designed to affect the crowded atmosphere of protest or other disorder. The manuals reveal a gradual shift from interventions designed to evince fear and awe, to ones that seek to calm crowds. But more importantly, they underline a shift from a linear understanding of atmotechnics (as a prelude to ‘the use of force’), to an affective feedback loop where specialised officers are deployed to ‘sense’ mood changes among crowds, allowing senior strategic and tactical decisions to take account of atmospheric conditions.
Polyvinylchloride surface with enhanced cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial functions
Authors: Almouse Rashed , Wen Xin , Na Sungsoo , Anderson Gregory , Xie Dong
Published: March 2019

This study reports synthesis and attachment of a novel antibacterial and hydrophilic polymer onto a polyvinylchloride surface via a simple and mild surface coating technique. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized and copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The copolymer was then covalently coated onto polyvinylchloride surface. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to evaluate surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the polymer-modified polyvinylchloride surface not only exhibited significantly decreased 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion with a 64–84% reduction but also demonstrated significantly decreased P. aeruginosa adhesion with a 65–84% reduction, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. Furthermore, the modified polyvinylchloride surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial functions by inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth with a 58–80% reduction and killing bacteria, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. These results demonstrate that covalent polymer attachment conferred cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial properties to the polyvinylchloride surface.
Male Dominance under Threat: Machoism Confronts Female Defiance in Israeli Gyms
Authors: Hertzog Esther , Lev Assaf
Published: March 2019

The article discusses macho culture in Israeli gyms. It describes male trainees’ efforts to preserve their dominance, facing female trainees’ threat to undermine it. The article analyzes means, such as military icons, physical battles, and vocal expressions, used to convey male dominance at the gym. Two gyms in the metropolis of Tel Aviv were studied by the male researcher for three years, and one suburban gym was studied by the female researcher for a year. Being researchers and trainees from both genders introduced a unique perspective of gender power relations at the gym. The different sociogeographic backgrounds of the studied gyms offered a refreshing understanding of the impact of specific circumstances on gender dominance. The analysis suggests that males’ hegemony can be threatened by potential women’s dominance, as the ethnography on the suburban gym reveals. Moreover, although men are struggling forcefully to preserve their dominance over “males’ territory” at the Tel Aviv gyms, women’s gradual penetration into the perceived masculine space destabilizes it.
The effect of hydrodynamic insole on foot kinematics in individuals with flexible flatfoot: Case series using a single-subject design
Authors: Barati Kourosh , Saeedi Hassan , Hajiaghaei Behnam , Jalali Maryam , Curran Sarah
Published: March 2019

The medial longitudinal arch of the foot is a dynamic structure while walking. The mobility of this structure in people with flexible flatfoot is partially or completely absent. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an insole that was designed to retrieve the medial longitudinal arch mobility in people with flatfoot. The study was a case series using a single-subject design. This single-subject design study was based on three subjects with flexible flatfoot. This study was designed in two phases: the baseline phase and the intervention phase. Each phase included five measurement sessions that were done in 5 consecutive weeks. We used the celeration-line method to detect the significant differences between the phases. Significant differences were recorded in the walking velocity, step length, and medial longitudinal arch mobility parameters when using the hydrodynamic insole. The results of this study showed that using the hydrodynamic insole may have a positive effect on the foot kinematics and gait parameters in people with flexible flatfoot.
Airbag deployment: Infrared thermography and evaluation of thermal damage
Authors: Shakouri Ehsan , Mobini Alimohammad
Published: March 2019

The performance of airbag and its deployment are based on a fast exothermic-chemical reaction. The hot gas resulting from the chemical reaction which results in airbag deployment can cause thermal damage and skin burning for the car passenger. The thermal burns due to airbags are of two types: burns due to direct contact with the airbag surface and burns resulting from exposure to the hot gas leaving the deflation vents of the airbag. In this research, for experimental study of the burns resulting from exposure of the skin to airbag, using infrared thermography, the extent of temperature rise of the airbag surface was detected and measured from the zero moment of its inflation. Next, using Henriques equation, the extent of thermal damage caused by airbag deployment and its resulting burn degree was calculated. The results indicated that during the inflation of airbag, the maximum temperature of its surface can be 92 °C ± 2 °C. Furthermore, if the vehicle’s safety system functions within the predicted time intervals, the risk of thermal damage is virtually zero. However, if even a slight delay occurs in detachment of the passenger’s head and face off the airbag, second- and third-degree burns could develop.
Ultrasound in the assessment of musculoskeletal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: state of the art and perspectives
Authors: Di Matteo A , Isidori M , Corradini D , Cipolletta E , McShane A , De Angelis R , Filippucci E , Grassi W
Published: March 2019

Musculoskeletal manifestations are extremely common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Transient and migratory arthralgia is frequently reported even without clinical signs of joint or tendon inflammation. In less than 15% of patients, joints may be more severely affected by deforming (Jaccoud's arthropathy) and/or erosive arthropathy (Rhupus syndrome). In recent years, ultrasound has emerged as a promising imaging technique for the assessment of musculoskeletal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus, having demonstrated the ability to detect inflammation and structural damage both at articular and periarticular level. Recent ultrasound studies have also revealed new insights into musculoskeletal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, some of them questioning the traditional concepts of systemic lupus erythematosus arthropathy, with potential clinical, prognostic and therapeutic implications. In daily clinical practice, the use of ultrasound in the assessment of joint and tendon involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is still limited. Several methodological issues encountered in ultrasound studies evaluating musculoskeletal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus patients need to be addressed in order to improve both the reliability and clinical usefulness of ultrasound findings. This paper reviews ultrasound studies assessing musculoskeletal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, highlighting certainty, limits, potential applications and future perspectives of ultrasound use in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Hospital with No-class Wards Policy: An Effort to Create the Right to Access to Quality Health Care for the Poor
Authors: Aji Budi , Sumawan Herman
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the present study was to explore the experience of the patients and hospital behaviour after the implementation of the no-class wards policy and its possible impact on the poor and non-poor patients provision and quality of care. This case study was conducted at Wates Hospital and purposeful sampling was used to yield participants. This study employed in-depth interviews with health care users district health care stakeholders, and focus group discussions with hospital healthcare professionals. The no-class wards policy had clearly demonstrated on improving the right to access to quality health care for the poor. The policy had been effectively reducing the experiences of patients on discriminatory treatment and improving quality of services. The policy also had an impact on increasing hospital utilization significantly among public insurance beneficiaries for both the poor and non-poor patients which supports the success of the implementation of the universal health coverage. Moreover, the policy had improved the assurance of quality of services. Future research needs to expand on our work to compare the implementation of no-class wards policy in other hospitals in different regions in Indonesia considering different local context such as local political issues, public expectations and other technical issues.
No Loose Ends: A Review of the Pharmacotherapy of Hairy Cell and Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant
Authors: King Amber C. , Kabel Charlene C. , Pappacena Jeremy J. , Stump Sarah E. , Daley Ryan J.
Published: March 2019

Objective: To review the literature for the treatment of classical and variant hairy cell leukemia (HCL, HCLv), evaluating efficacy, safety, and supportive care involved in the use of purine analogues (PAs), interferon, BRAF inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and new immunotoxin, moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk (MPT). An electronic literature search of PubMed (January 1958 to January 2019) was conducted in PubMed using the MESH terms hairy cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia variant, cladribine, pentostatin, rituximab, interferon, vemurafenib, moxetumomab pasudotox. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies written in the English language were considered for this article. The significance of each article was determined by authors independently. Data Synthesis: HCL and HCLv are rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, each with distinct biologies. Symptoms are characterized by pancytopenia and splenomegaly. Initial treatments for HCL were suboptimal, leading to minimal and transient remissions. PAs significantly improved outcomes, inducing remission in most patients. However, those with purine-resistant disease were left with a dearth of options, leading to implementation of vemurafenib for BRAF V600 mutated disease and chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab. Despite these advances, some HCL and a majority of HCLv patients experience relapse. Newer targeted agents offer promise for relapsed and refractory patients, including the recently approved MPT. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review provides a comprehensive update on the pharmacological management of HCL and HCLv for clinicians who encounter patients with this rare disease. Conclusion: HCL and HCLv are uncommon lymphoid neoplasms that lead to a characteristic constellation of symptoms. The emergence of PAs and novel targeted agents have improved the likelihood and durability of responses for these patients.
Normal ecumenism: Ecumenism for the long haul
Authors: Root Michael
Published: March 2019

Ecumenical change is best understood as punctuated change, in analogy to change in scientific traditions and in evolution. The ecumenical movement represents a moment of punctuated or revolutionary change in church relations. We are now at the point of the emergence of a new normal, post-revolutionary situation in which further breakthroughs are not to be expected and should not be forced. The challenge will be to preserve our ecumenical commitments in such a new normal. For Catholics especially, ecumenical commitment derives from fundamental theological commitments and cannot be abandoned.
Plantar Medial Avulsion Fragment Associated With Tongue-Type Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Adams Mark R. , Koury Kenneth L. , Mistry Jaydev B. , Braaksma William , Hwang John S. , Firoozabadi Reza
Published: March 2019

Background:

The plantar fascia attaches to the tuberosity of the calcaneus, which produces a distinct plantar medial avulsion (PMA) fracture fragment in certain calcaneal fractures. We hypothesized that tongue-type fractures, as described by the Essex-Lopresti classification, were more likely to be associated with this PMA fracture than joint depression fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed at 2 distinct Level I trauma centers to identify patients sustaining calcaneal fractures. Radiographs were then reviewed to determine the Essex-Lopresti classification, OTA classification, and presence of a PMA fracture.

Results:

The review yielded 271 total patients with 121 (44.6%) tongue-type (TT), 110 (40.6%) joint depression (JD), and 40 (14.8%) fractures not classifiable by the Essex-Lopresti classification. In the TT group, 73.6% of the patients had the PMA fracture whereas only 8.2% of JD and 15.0% of nonclassifiable fractures demonstrated a PMA fragment ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Plantar medial avulsion fractures occurred in 38.4% of the calcaneal fractures reviewed with a significantly greater proportion occurring in TT (73.6%) as opposed to JD (8.2%). Given the plantar fascia attachment to the PMA fragment, there may be clinical significance to identifying this fracture and changing treatment management; however, this requires further investigation.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Ethno-Racial Appeals and the Production of Political Capital: Evidence from Chicago and Toronto
Authors: Doering Jan
Published: March 2019

Ethno-racial appeals mobilize individuals through their social categories. Such appeals matter especially in municipal elections, where partisan cues are often absent and turnout is low. This article presents findings from an analysis of ethno-racial appeals in 914 campaign documents from the 2014 Toronto and 2015 Chicago municipal elections. It reveals that campaigns frequently target non-White and White ethnic voters through explicit appeals. These appeals do not fit into the existing framework of racial priming theory. Drawing instead on Bourdieu’s theory of capital, the article conceptualizes ethno-racial appeals as attempts to produce or destroy a candidate’s political capital among specific groups. Campaigns do this directly by making claims about the group’s purported interests or indirectly by invoking candidates’ relevant cultural or social capital. Analyzing ethno-racial appeals in this way helps to comprehend the mobilization of non-Whites, illuminates the production of ethno-racial voting, and contributes to the understanding of place-based culture.
Correlation analysis of fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and visual function in patients with diabetic macular oedema treated with intravitreal ziv-aflibercept
Authors: Hernandez-Da Mota Sergio E , Melo-Granados Enrique A Roig , Fromow-Guerra Jans , Bejar-Cornejo Francisco , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Rodríguez-Ayala Ernesto
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between fundus autofluorescence and morphologic parameters as well as visual function in patients with diabetic macular oedema treated with intravitreal ziv-aflibercept.

Methods:

A total of 34 eyes of 20 patients with untreated diabetic macular oedema received an intravitreal injection of ziv-aflibercept at baseline, and 1 and 2 months later. The baseline, 1-month, and two-month best corrected visual acuity determination, contrast sensitivity, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, mean central macular thickness, mean macular cube volume, mean macular cube average thickness, and fundus autofluorescence (decreased, normal, or increased; and single or multiple spots) were measured. Correlation analysis with a determination of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, regression analysis, agreement between investigators, and Friedman’s test were used for statistical analyses.

Results:

A direct correlation was observed between baseline fundus autofluorescence and macular cube average thickness at 1 month (r = 0.51, p = 0.020) and between fundus autofluorescence at 1 month and baseline macular cube average thickness (r = 0.50, p = 0.021). Regression analysis showed a coefficient of determination of 0.29 (p = 0.016) between baseline fundus autofluorescence and macular cube average thickness at 1 month.

Conclusion:

In patients with diabetic macular oedema, the pretreatment baseline degree of foveal fundus autofluorescence might be helpful in predicting macular cube average thickness in patients undergoing treatment with intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in the short term.
Comparison of incidence of repositioning surgery to correct misalignment with three toric intraocular lenses
Authors: Oshika Tetsuro , Fujita Yoshifumi , Hirota Atsushi , Inamura Mikio , Inoue Yasushi , Miyata Kazunori , Miyoshi Teruyuki , Nakano Shinichiro , Nishimura Tomohisa , Sugita Toru
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

To compare the incidence of re-orientating surgery to improve misalignment of three models of acrylic toric intraocular lenses: AcrySof toric intraocular lens (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.), TECNIS toric intraocular lens (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc.) and HOYA 355 toric intraocular lens (HOYA).

Methods:

In this retrospective, multicenter case series, medical charts were reviewed for collecting data on realignment surgery of toric intraocular lenses at 10 ophthalmic surgical sites in Japan.

Results:

Over all, intraocular lens repositioning surgery was conducted in 89 of 9430 eyes (0.944%) at an average of 10.5 ± 9.7 days after the initial cataract surgery. The incidence was 0.213% (11/5155), 1.797% (62/3451) and 1.942% (16/824) with AcrySof, TECNIS and HOYA toric intraocular lenses, respectively. The incidence was significantly lower with AcrySof than with other two brands of toric intraocular lenses ( p < 0.0001). In those eyes which underwent reorientation surgery, the amount of misalignment was 26.4 ± 21.9°, 29.7 ± 15.4° and 28.1 ± 20.7° with AcrySof, TECNIS and HOYA toric intraocular lenses, respectively; there was no significant difference among groups ( p = 0.821). The repositioning surgery significantly reduced misalignment in all three groups.

Conclusion:

The rotational stability was considerably different among toric intraocular lenses of different manufacturers. The incidence of repositioning surgery was significantly lower with AcrySof than with TECNIS and HOYA toric intraocular lenses.
Fools, jesters and the possibility of responsible leadership
Authors: Zueva-Owens Anna
Published: March 2019

The vibrant academic and practitioner conversation about corporate responsibility does not appear to reduce the number of scandals involving unethical managerial behaviour. This leaves the question of whether responsible organisational leadership is possible. Some leadership scholars recently suggested that understanding leadership as a relational process can facilitate more responsible leadership practice. This article develops the relational leadership perspective by offering a critical discussion of the possibility of responsible relational leadership. I construct an understanding of responsibility following the writings of Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. I then use the archetypal figure of the Fool as an imaginary device to translate Levinasian and Derridian ethics into lived experiences and thus illuminate the conditions under which responsibility may be possibilised. This theoretical analysis exposes the irresolvable tension between responsibility and the relational in leadership but also identifies ways through which leadership actors can strive for responsibility through purposefully engaging with the tension.
On the relativity of old and new media: A lifeworld perspective
Authors: Menke Manuel , Schwarzenegger Christian
Published: March 2019

It is an old, yet, accurate observation that the ‘newness’ of media is and most probably will continue to be a catalyst for research in media and communication studies. At the same time, there are numerous academic voices who stress that studying media change demands an awareness of the complexities at play interweaving the new with the old and the changes with the continuities. Over the last decades, compelling theoretical approaches and conceptualizations were introduced that aimed at grasping what defines old and new media under the conditions of complex, disruptive media change. Drawing from this theoretical work, we propose an empirical approach that departs from the perception of media users and how they make sense of media in their everyday affairs. The article argues that an inquiry of media change has to ground the construction of media as old or new in the context of lifeworlds in which media deeply affect users on a daily basis from early on. The concept of media ideology (Gershon, 2010a, 2010b) is used to investigate notions of ‘oldness’ and ‘newness’ people develop when they renegotiate the meaning of media for themselves or collectively with others. Based on empirical data from 35 in-depth interviews, distinct ways how the relativity but also relationality of old and new media are shaped against each other are identified. In the analysis, the article focuses on the aspects of rhetoric, everyday experiences, and emotions as well as on media generations, all of which inform media ideologies and thereby influence how media users define old and new media.