bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repairing the Brain: Cell Replacement Using Stem Cell-Based Technologies
Authors: Henchcliffe Claire , Parmar Malin
Published: December 2018

Current approaches to cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease are strongly focused on the dopamine system, with the view that restoring dopaminergic inputs in a localized and physiologic manner will provide superior benefits in terms of effect and longevity compared with oral medication. Experience using transplants of fetal tissue containing dopaminergic cell precursors has provided valuable proof that the approach is feasible, and that engrafted cells can survive and function over many years. However, multiple drawbacks and procedural complications are recognized in using fetal cells. Recent strides in stem cell technology now make it possible to overcome some of the barriers associated with fetal tissue. In particular the generation of high numbers of specific cell types, such as dopaminergic neurons, from stem cells means that quality, consistency, activity, and safety can be more thoroughly determined prior to transplantation, thus providing hope for more robust outcomes. These cells are also predicted to provide benefit without leading to the graft-induced dyskinesia that led to morbidity in a subset of individuals who underwent fetal mesencephalic cell and tissue grafting in the 1990s. In thinking about developing such novel therapeutics, the choice of starting material has also expanded, with the availability of multiple human embryonic stem cell lines, as well as the possibilities for producing induced pluripotent cells, or neuronal cells from a patient’s own tissue. In this article, we speculate on how rapidly expanding knowledge and technical possibilities may impact on stem cell-based therapies for cell replacement in Parkinson’s disease over the next two decades.
The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward
Authors: Chen Honglei , Ritz Beate
Published: December 2018

It is widely believed that environmental exposures contribute to the vast majority of late-onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), alone or via interactions with genetic factors. The search for environmental causes of PD has however been hampered by lack of understanding the prodromal phase of PD development and the difficulties in exposure assessment during this prolonged period. On the other hand, the existence of this prodromal period, along with an increasingly better understanding of PD prodromal symptoms, provides an exciting opportunity to identify environmental factors that initiate PD pathogenesis and/or modify its progression. For prevention efforts, this prodromal stage is of a major interest. Targeting factors that enter the body via the nose or gut has become even more important since the discovery of α-synuclein aggregates in the enteric and olfactory nervous systems. In this paper, we speculate about novel research hypotheses and approaches that may help us better define the role of environment in PD etiology, especially during its extended and complex prodromal phase.
How Mobile Health Technology and Electronic Health Records Will Change Care of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Hansen Clint , Sanchez-Ferro Alvaro , Maetzler Walter
Published: December 2018

Care of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) will dramatically change in the upcoming years. The nationwide implementations of the patient-controlled electronic health record (EHR) and the technology-based home monitoring system will most probably be the cornerstones of this revolution. We speculate that, within the course of the next decade, EHRs will lead to a substantial empowerment of patients, and monitoring of motor and non-motor manifestations of PD will shift from the clinic to the home. As far as this can be foreseen, small, partly clothing-embedded and implanted sensor systems allowing passive (i.e., non-obtrusive) data collection will dominate the market. They will interoperate with the personal EHR and other potentially health-related electronic databases such as clinical warehouses and population health analytics platforms. Analysis software will be mainly built on artificial intelligence, and presentation of data will be intuitive. This scenario will eventually help both the patient and the medical professional by providing higher amounts of quality information about daily-relevant effects of disease and treatment, eventually allowing for a better and more personalized care.
Simulation of effective lime burning in a shaft furnace
Authors: Isaev E. V. , Korshikov V. D. , Chmyrev I. N.
Published: December 2018

Increasing of fuel and energy usage efficiency is an actual task. Technology solutions on excessive furnace gases heat utilization considered. A mathematical model of heat transfer in a shaft furnace calculation quoted as well as results of calculated estimation of shaft furnace heat operation while producing lime. Analysis of methods of such a furnace efficiency increasing presented, including recuperation for combustion air warming-up, furnace off-gases recirculation and modification of the furnace shell structure.
Smelting of ferrosilicum from the position of energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys electric arc furnace operation
Authors: Shkirmontov A. P.
Published: December 2018

For estimation of ferroalloy-producing electric arc furnace operation efficiency an energy and technology criteria proposed. Its physical meaning is as follows: it determines a share of energy from the current source, in particular its useful part, spent by ore reduction carbon-thermal process of a ferroalloy production (ferrosilicum, ferrochrome, ferromanganeese), taking into account heat losses and degree of extraction of the leading element into the alloy.

Results of an analysis of ferroalloys smelting parameters in electric arc furnaces via carbon-thermal process by example of smelting FeSi using energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys furnace operation presented. It was shown, that while increasing values of energy and technology criteria, the specific consumption of electric power per one basic tonne of the alloy is reducing. For mid power electric furnaces that melted 75% FeSi, the energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys furnace operation corresponds to a range from 0.300 to 0.314. At the same time, the specific electric power consumption is from 9.0 to 8.6 MW∙h/t of the alloy. A satisfactory, but less efficient version of the furnace operation is the range of energy and technology criteria from 0.272 to 0.293 and specific electricity consumption of electric power varies from 9.8 to 9.2 MW∙h/t of alloy. Such a complex value can be considered as the main element of the energy and technological audit of the ferroalloy furnace facility, as well as to identify effective operating modes, analysis of usage of various types of charge materials (ore raw materials, carbonaceous reductants) and the application of innovative melting technologies.
V. Development of new powder wires for building-up. A powder wire based on dust of gas cleaning systems of silicomanganese
Authors: Коzyrev N. A. , Kryukov R. E. , Nepomnyaschikh A. S. , Usol’tsev A. A. , Popova М. V.
Published: December 2018

A new powder wire developed by using dust of gas cleaning systems of silicomanganese production plant and powder of gas cleaning systems of aluminum production at different proportion of components. As components the following was used: dust of gas cleaning systems of aluminum production plant, % (mas.): 21–46.23 Al2O3; 18–27 F; 8–15 Na2O; 0.4–6 K2O; 0.7–2.3 CaO; 0.5–2.48 Si2O; 2.1–3.27 Fe2O3; 12.5–30.2 Ctotal; 0.07–0.9 MnO; 0.06–0.9 MgO; 0.09–0.19 S; 0.1–0.18 P, and dust of gas cleaning systems of silicomanganese production plant, % (mas.): 2.43 Al2O3; 1.32 Na2O; 5.56 K2O; 6.4 CaO; 29.19 SiO2; 0.137 BaO; 7.54 MgO; 0.23 S; 0.04 P; 1.067 Fe; 27.69 Mn; 2.687 Zn; 3.833 Pb.

The building-up was done under a flux, made of slag of silicomanganese plant of Zapadno-Sibirsky steel-works, havin the chemical composition (%, mas.): 6.91–9.62 Al2O3; 22.85–31.70 CaO; 46.46–48.16 SiO2; 0.27–0.81 FeO; 6.48–7.92 MgO; 8.01–8.43 MnO; 0.28–0.76 F; 0.26–0.36 Na2O; 0.62 K2O; 0.15–0.17 S; 0.01 P. The building-up mode selected. Samples wear tests were carried out at machine 2070 СМТ-1. Chemical composition of the built-up metal was determined at spectrometer ДФС-71. The hardness of built-up layers was measured by hardness meter МЕТ-ДУ. The estimation of nonmetallic inclusions was made as per GOST 1778– 70 by optical microscope Olympus GX-51.

Quality indices studied and coefficients of manganese recovery at different proportions of components calculated. Statistical processing of the study results was made, statistical curves of influence of component compositions on properties of built-up layer constructed.
A concept of control of processes of vanadium, niobium and titanium carbonitrides forming by consecutive alloying
Authors: Akhmetov A. V. , Kusainova G. D. , Sharkaev S. N. , Muskenova K. M. , Basin V. B. , Sejsimbinov T. S.
Published: December 2018

Base on laboratory and industrial experiments, as well as subsequent studies of the microstructure of steel samples alloyed with a certain sequence by vanadium, niobium, and titanium, a concept including compliance with the order of those microalloying elements introducing into steel developed and justified. According to the concept, the sequence of introduction is determined by the difference in the degree of their thermodynamic affinity to the nitrogen and carbon dissolved in the steel.

Investigations of the microstructure of experimental microalloyed samples by an optical microscope, with a magnification x250, showed the most significant grain refinement with a consecutive additive – first vanadium with niobium and after 10 minutes of holding – titanium.

The efficiency of the developed alloying method for the advanced formation of vanadium and niobium carbonitrides was evaluated by studies with the Mira3 Tescan electron scanning microscope having an X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis system X-Act (Oxford Instruments). When studying the compositions and the form of carbonitrides discovered in steel samples alloyed with a different sequence of additives, it was established, that during simultaneous additive of titanium, vanadium and niobium into steel, titanium carbonitrides account for a majority, while vanadium and niobium carbonitrides are not actually formed or are represented by single inclusions. Conversely, in steel samples alloyed with a consecutive additive to steel, first vanadium with niobium and later titanium, carbonitride of vanadium and niobium inclusions prevail. In this case, titanium carbonitrides are represented only by single and fine inclusions. Thus, first introducing of vanadium and niobium, allows them to react fully with stoichiometrically insufficient concentrations of nitrogen and carbon, ahead of the formation of titanium nitrides.

Based on the results of the research in JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau”, using the developed concept of consecutive alloying by carbonitride-forming elements, the technology of 09G2FB grade steel production with a ferrite-bainite structure developed and implemented, fully meeting API Spec 5L requirements for steel of strength category X80.
Study of scull and lining in the hearth of blast furnace No. 2 of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK (Report 2)
Authors: Коverzin A. M. , Schipizyn V. G. , Vaschenko A. V. , Bliznyukov A. S. , Sadradinov M. R. , Makavetskas А. R. , Fischenko Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

Results of study of scull and lining composition from the hearth of blast furnace No. 2 of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK after stop for capital overhaul quoted. It was determined, that due to microprobe chemical analysis data, considerable quantity different minerals and metals can be discovered in the scull and in the lining. But chemical analysis of averaged samples and their X-ray structure analysis allows to state, that the scull is formed during crystallization of heat products – cast iron and slag. Therefore the scull base is the following:

– metal, in the content of which α-Fe prevails with iron carbides (Fe3C) inclusions, complicated carbides of variable composition (FeхSiyCz), iron and graphite sulfides and phosphides, as a rule, of laminar structure;

– graphite in the form of separate phase;

– slag components, melilite and anorthite being the base of them (minerals, formed during crystallization of slag of blast furnace heat).

At the level of hot metal tap hole and higher the scull and lining are saturated by alkaline metals accompanied by forming leucite, caliofilite, calcilite, zinc (zinc oxide, ganit, willemite in samples), sulphur with forming of sulphides, phosphor (iron phosphides in metal, apatite in slag). Lower the level of tap hole the number of slag inclusions in the scull is not considerable, zinc and alkaline metals were not discovered.

In all the samples content of silicon, silicon carbide, carbides, nitrides, titanium carbonitrides in total does not reach level of 5%.
HISTOLOGY OF BONE LESION AND CORRELATION OF CLINICAL, CLINICAL-LABORATORY DATA AND MORPHOLOGIC INDICES IN DESTRUCTIVE FORM OF OSTEOMYELITIS WITH LATENT COURSE (BRODIE’S ABSCESS)
Authors: Grigorovskiy V. V. , Gritsai N. P. , Gordiy A. S. , Lyutko O. B. , Grigorovskaya A. V.
Published: December 2018

Urgency. Although the basic pathomorphologic features of bone lesion in destructive form of osteomyelitis with latent clinical course (Brodie’s abscess) are known from the literature, the thorough analytical clinical-morphologic studies have not been yet conducted.Purpose of study: Based on the results of the study to establish correlation dependence between clinical, clinical-laboratory indices and morphologic foci parameters.Material and methods. Fragments of pathologic foci tissues from 25 patients with Brodie’s abscess (31 samples) were the study material. The results of clinical, visualizing and clinical-laboratory methods as well as morphometric semi-quantitative indices characterizing the state of foci tissues were used for the gradationfrequency and correlation analysis.Results. In Brodie’s abscess the bone tissue morphologic changes are presented by spongiosa necrosis and resorption. More often the cases with granulation tissue within the internal capsule of a membrane prevailed. The evidence of exudative inflammation corresponded to the low degree of activity, of a productive one — to high activity. In the majority of cases small sequesters within the capsule tissues were detected. Reliable (p0.05) correlations that corresponded to absolute values of correlation coefficient ra in the range of 0.3 — 0.7 were determined for the following indices: “patient’s age” — “exudative inflammation within the capsule”, “white blood cells” — “pattern of capsule connective tissue”, “white blood cells” — “productive inflammation within the capsule”, “white blood cells” — “presence of sequesters”, “Antistaphylococcal antibodies” — “exudative inflammation within the capsule”.Conclusion. Determined clinical-morphologic correlations could be used to improve both clinical and morphological diagnosis of bone inflammatory lesions.
COMPARISON OF THE USE OF PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY (PSO) IN PRIMARY AND REVISION OPERATIONS
Authors: Panteleev A. A. , Gorbatyuk D. S. , Sazhnev M. L. , Kaz’min A. I. , Pereverzev V. S. , Kolesov S. V.
Published: December 2018

Purpose of study: to evaluate clinical and roentgenologic results of the use of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in primary and revision operations to determine the feasibility of radical spinal sagittal imbalance correction at primary surgical intervention.Patients and methods. Retrospective review of 42 patients (30 men and 12 women, mean age 58.5 years) with rigid spinal deformities who underwent PSO was performed. Revision interventions (group R) were performed in 23 cases, primary (group P) in 19 cases. The comparative analysis of spino-pelvic parameters and global spine balance, demographic indices, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgical intervention, complications in the late postoperative period and quality-of-life indices by SRS-22 and ODI scores was performed. Results. Minimum follow up period was 12 months. Osteotomy was more often performed at L3 level. No differences in the extent of fixation, duration of surgical intervention and degree of segmental correction were detected. The average blood loss was significantly lower in group P (p0.05). Analysis of the late postoperative period changes in roentgenologic parameters showed statistically significant differences for the lumbar lordosis index as well as inconsistency between the lumbar lordosis and pelvic index that were better in group P. Quality of life increased significantly in both groups with the only statistically significant difference in ODI that was better in group P. Serious complications were observed in 47.8 and 38.6% of cases in group R and group P, respectively (p0.05). Revision interventions were required in 26.1% of cases in group R and in 15.8% in group P. Conclusion. In primary surgical interventions use of PSO technique enables to correct global spinal sagittal balance more effectively. Its use in primary interventions ensures lower volume of intraoperative blood loss as well as lower risk of pseudarthrosis formation and neurologic disorders development.
TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH INCREASED BODY MASS INDEX AND OBESITY
Authors: Ardashev S. A. , Akhtyamov I. F. , Gil’mutdinov I. Sh. , Al’-Lami M. A.D
Published: December 2018

The modern native and foreign literature data on the hip arthroplasty results in patients with overweight including the data on the choice of the material and method of surgical intervention, risk and rate of perioperative complications, rehabilitation results are analyzed.
Constitutional reform – The breakthrough solution to growth and economic development in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Manh Hong
Published: December 2018

This article identifies the shortcomings and limitations on institutional aspects in Vietnam. Shortcomings exist and is evident on the face: thinking and institutional capacity building are limited, effective from the implementation is a major challenge and becomes barriers to the increased economic growth and development in Vietnam today. On this basis, the study also suggested some basic solutions to improve the capacity of institutions to implement and accelerate the process of institutional reform serving the economic development in Vietnam now.
Sales Trend Analysis of Products Using Customer Relationship Management Tool
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Yadav Surendra Kumar , Pall Lokendra
Published: December 2018

CRM is a new technique in market where the dealer tries to develop long connection with their clients. CRM attempts to make their client climb up the stepladder of reliability. CRM purposes to make customer for life time. Company first tries to begin set-up with the publics who have a tough attention in the merchandise and ready to pay for it. Company try to change lookout of customer so that they can repeat their customers for life time.z`
PARTICIPAÇÃO POLÍTICA FEMININA NOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS DE DECISÃO E OS IMPACTOS DA CONFERÊNCIA MUNDIAL SOBRE A MULHER DE PEQUIM
Authors: Amaral Ana Paula Martins , Peixoto Emini Silva
Published: December 2018

O artigo aborda a participação política da mulher nos espaços públicos de decisão, após a Conferência Mundial sobre a Mulher de Pequim, em 1995, sob o ponto de vista do direito internacional dos direitos humanos. Busca-se demonstrar essencialmente a influência ocasionada pela Plataforma de Ação aos direitos humanos das mulheres, em especial no que se refere aos quadros de representação política feminina nas esferas de poder. O método de abordagem adotado para o presente trabalho é o dedutivo, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Trata-se de pesquisa com caráter descritivo, objetivando-se precipuamente contribuir com o aprofundamento do tema e seu debate, sob a ótica do direito internacional dos direitos humanos e dos novos desafios impostos pela globalização à tutela dos direitos humanos das mulheres.
LA FORMACIÓN JURÍDICO AMBIENTAL. UNA NECESIDAD EN EL SIGLO XXI CON EL NUEVO SABER AMBIENTAL
Authors: Sánchez Alcides Francisco Antúnez , Ocampo Eduardo Días
Published: December 2018

El ensayo presenta una mirada a la formación ambiental, su adecuada ejecución incidirá en el conocimiento de los instrumentos de mercado de carácter cooperador por los empresarios para ser más competitivos en un mercado con barreras comerciales; para ello aparece la formula estimulación/recompensa, como uno de los incentivos a ponderarse com políticas de fomento de la Administración Pública, para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible, donde el hombre en su relación con la naturaleza y a fin de lograr la conservación de las condiciones ambientales que requiere para su hábitat sin perjuicio del desarrollo de las actividades económicas que lo impactan, necesita establecer los mecanismos, medidas y procedimientos que permitan una convivencia armónica de lo natural, de lo social y de lo económico. Se propone como objetivo, demostrar la necesidad de la formación ambiental de los empresarios, incidente en la implementación de las fórmulas de estimulación/recompensa dentro de los sujetos de gestión para alcanzar con ello el desarrollo sostenible como parte de las políticas públicas de los Estados como nuevo saber ambiental. Son utilizados los métodos de análisis síntesis, inducción deducción, y comparación jurídica.
O Direito Material Ambiental à Saúde na Relação de Consumo contemporânea
Authors: Santos Luiz Dario
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo versa sobre a proteção ambiental embutida na relação de consumo, que compreende a proteção econômica do consumidor, assim como a tutela de sua saúde, atendendo e respeitando os valores ambientais e os dispositivos legais da Lei n. 8.078/90.
«Le industrie culturali e creative»: una formula fortunata, ma ancora in cerca di identità (giuridica)
Authors: Degrassi Lidianna
Published: December 2018

Inquadrare concettualmente la formula «CCI - Industrie culturali e creative» è un'operazione di cui si è occupata principalmente la dottrina economica della cultura. Il presente contributo offre alla comunità scientifica alcuni spunti di riflessione da un punto di vista giuridico, in particolare in relazione al diritto dell'UE e al diritto interno. Ciò che rende la definizione un unicum nel panorama del diritto pubblico multilivello è la specificità del CCI, che, allo stesso tempo, indaga i profili di «cultura», «creatività» e di «industria/economia». Ciò acquista rilevanza anche nell'ordinamento giuridico italiano, perché la Costituzione repubblicana non conosce questa nozione, il che fa sì che gli studiosi ne diano un'interpretazione sistematica. Oltre a questo, avendo a che fare con una forma di stato regionale, occorre rendersi conto di come sono distribuite le competenze tra Stato e Regioni, a causa dell'eterogeneità del settore del CCI. L'incertezza della nozione di diritto costituzionale ha permesso al legislatore statale di introdurne una simile, ma non identica: quella di «imprese culturali e creative», su cui, nel paragrafo finale, questo lavoro cerca di riflettere in prima battuta
Numérique et tourisme: la réglementation française sur les locations meublées de tourisme
Authors: Foulquier Norbert , Rotoullié Jean-Charles
Published: December 2018

Il recente intervento delle autorità pubbliche nella regolamentazione della locazione di appartamenti ammobiliati ad uso turistico in Francia ha portato, soprattutto nella città di Parigi, ad una significativa contrazione dell'offerta abitativa. L'articolo presenta un'analisi delle componenti giuridiche, economiche e sociali del fenomeno, a partire dalle due leggi fondamentali n. 2014-366 del 24 marzo 2014, denominata "loi ALUR", e n. 2016-1321 del 7 ottobre 2016, evidenziandone i possibili effetti sui diritti di proprietà e sulla libertà di commercio e industria, nonché sul mercato turistico
La dubbia costituzionalità dell'esclusione dell'azione di annullamento come rimedio avverso le sanzioni disciplinari sportive
Authors: Cascella Gianluca
Published: December 2018

I rapporti tra sistema sportivo e sistema statale sono nuovamente portati all'esame della Corte Costituzionale, con particolare riguardo al profilo delle sanzioni disciplinari emanate dagli enti sportivi che, per la sua importanza, rischia di dispiegare effetti non trascurabili, sia dal punto di vista patrimoniale che non patrimoniale, sulle posizioni di soggetti che non sono solo membri delle varie federazioni sportive, ma che sono - anche e soprattutto - cittadini italiani, e in quanto tali destinatari della protezione loro riservata dall' 24 della Costituzione, sulla cui efficacia il T.A.R. La Lazio, sulla scorta di apprezzabili argomenti, ha nuovamente chiesto alla Corte di esprimersi
Osservatorio antitrust
Authors: Lazzara Margherita , Bosa Salvatore
Published: December 2018

The antitrust observatory presents the most significant decisions and measures of the reference period adopted by the Italian Competition and Market Authority (AGCM), reporting a brief comment accompanying the published texts.
“Ya no encuentro misterio en la simple intimidad de los personajes”. Una mirada a la obra de Maximiliano Barrientos
Authors: González Almada Magdalena
Published: December 2018

Maximiliano Barrientos nació en Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, en 1979. En 2009, publicó Diario con la editorial El Cuervo. Sus volúmenes de cuentos Los daños (2006) y Hoteles (2007) fueron revisados y corregidos lo que dio como resultado el libro Fotos tuyas cuando empiezas a envejecer y Hoteles publicados por la editorial madrileña Periférica en el año 2011. Una casa en llamas, co-editado por El Cuervo y Eterna Cadencia (Argentina), apareció en el año 2015 al igual que la novela La desaparición del paisaje (2015, Periférica). En el año 2014 se graduó en el MFA de Escritura Creativa en Español en la Universidad de Iowa y en la actualidad se dedica a impartir clases referidas a la escritura en talleres y ámbitos académicos.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Dukungan Suami dan Petugas Kesehatan dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasespsi Bawah Kulit (AKBK) pada Pasangan Usia Subur di Lingkungan II Kelurahan Nelayan Indah Kecamatan Medan Labuhan
Authors: Tampubolon Ida Lestari , Tarigan Jitasari Sibero
Published: December 2018

Berdasarkan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tercatat jumlah  peserta KB suntik (27,8%), peserta Pil (13,2%), peserta IUD (6,2%), peserta Impant (4,3%), peserta MOW (3,7%), peserta Kondom (0,9%), peserta Mop (0,4%). Kontrasepsi Alat Kontrasepsi Bawah Kulit (AKBK) merupakan  alat kontrasepsi yang dipasang dibawah kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan pasangan usia subur tentang alat kontrasepsi bawah  kulit dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi bawah kulit (AKBK) di Lingkungan II Kelurahan Nelayan Indah Kecamatan Medan Labuhan tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Penelitian ini dilakukan di  Lingkungan II Kelurahan Nelayan Indah Kecamatan Medan Labuhan . Sampel diambil dengan random sampling sebanyak 65 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuisioner yang terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan dengan multiple choice. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa  Ada hubungan yang signifikan pengetahuan pasangan usia subur dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi bawah kulit (AKBK) di Lingkungan II Kelurahan Nelayan Indah Kecamatan Medan Labuhan Tahun 2017. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai sig p = 0,002 maka p = 0,002 <  0,05.  Kesimpulannya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Pegetahuan Pasangan Usia Subur dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Bawah Kulit. Diharapkan bagi pasangan usia subur yang berpengetahuan kurang untuk bertanya kepada petugas kesehatan dan mencari tahu tentang macam-macam alat kontrasepsi terutama alat kontrasepsi bawah kulit (AKBK) serta efek samping maupun kerugiannya agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Pasangan Usia Subur, AKBK
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif di Puskesmas Janji Kecamatan Bilah Barat
Authors: Liesmayani Elvi Era , Lestari Wanda
Published: December 2018

Rendahnya pemberian ASI merupakan ancaman bagi tumbuh kembang anak yang akan berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kualitas SDM secara umum. Hingga 80% perkembangan otak anak dimulai sejak dalam kandungan sampai usia 3 tahun yang dikenal dengan periode emas, sehingga sangat penting untuk mendapatkan ASI yang mengandung protein, karbohidrat, lemak dan mineral yang dibutuhkan bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Keberhasilan Asi Eksklusif di  Puskesmas Janji Kecamatan Bilah Barat Tahun 2016. Rancangan atau desain penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi 6-12 bulanyang tinggal di wilayahPuskesmas Janji Kecamatan Bilah Barat  Tahun 2016 berjumlah 73 orang sekaligus menjadi sampel. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi p-value sebesar 0.003 yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif di Puskesmas Janji Kecamatan Bilah Barat, Berdasarkan hasil analisa chi-square test di atas dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi p-value sebesar 0.002. Karena nilai signifikansi 0.0029< (0.05) yang berarti bahwa terdapat Hubungan Peran Petugas Penyuluhan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Janji Kecamatan Bilah Barat. Kesimpulan adalah ada Hubungan pengetahuan dan Peran Petugas Penyuluhan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Janji Kecamatan Bilah Barat.
PENENTUAN THRESHOLD CITRA MULUT DENGAN METODE NORMAL PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION (NPDF) GUNA MENDETEKSI MULUT PEMELAJAR
Authors: Anas Anas
Published: December 2018

Identifikasi wajah merupakan masalah sulit terutama ketika informasi dari fitur wajah tidak cukup atau terbatas. Misalnya dalam segmentasi mulut pemelajar, dimana objek yang diamati tergolong rumit, terutama ciri utama wajah yaitu, mata, mulut, hidung. Pada penelitian ini mengusulkan Normal Probability Density Function (Normal PDF ) dalam melakukan segmentasi dan pemisahan background dan foreground. Dari hasil eksperimen segmentasi mulut pemelajar metode Normal Probability Density Function (Normal PDF) dapat memberikan hasil segmentasi lebih baik. Proses pengukuran nilai rata-rata MSE menggunakan metode Normal Probability Density Function (NPDF) sebesar 275.3953475 piksel. Untuk Proses pengukuran nilai rata-rata PSNR menggunakan metode Normal Probability Density Function (NPDF) sebesar 24.39017959 piksel. Dari nilai rata-rata PSNR terbukti metode Normal Probability Density Function (NPDF) baik dan layak digunakan untuk melakukan segmentasi citra pada mulut pemelajar.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PENYAKIT SAWIT BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN USABILITY ENGINEERING
Authors: Surianti Surianti , Banyal Nur Ain , Wahab Syari Rukmana
Published: December 2018

Banyaknya tanaman kelapa sawit yang terserang penyakit tidak ditanggulangi sedini mungkin, akibat yang ditimbulkannya sangat besar mulai dari penurunan produksi sampai dengan kematian tanaman. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyaknya petani yang belum memahami tentang bagaimana menanggulangi penyakit, disebabkan minimnya pengetahuan petani mengenai cara menanggulangi penyakit pada kelapa sawit. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan sistem manajemen pengetahuan yang dapat digunakan oleh petani dalam memperoleh pengetahuan tentang penanggulangan penyakit sawit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan suatu sistem manajemen pengetahuan yang menggunakan smartphone berbasis android dalam mengolah pengetahuan, dengan menggunakan metode Knowledge Management System Life Cycle (KMSLC), dengan mengadopsi pendekatan usability engineering.
Hemostasis disturbances in patients with acute pancreatitis and the ways of their correction
Authors: Chuklin S. М. , Pidhirnyi B. Y. , Chuklin S. S.
Published: December 2018

The literature review imposed the experimental and clinical data on the changes in the hemostatic system at acute pancreatitis. The reasons of hemostatic disorders and possible ways of its correction were identified. Disturbance in the coagulation is a feature at acute pancreatitis and is associated with disease severity. The results of experimental studies in animals and clinical studies suggest that modulation of hemostasis can provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. Inhibition of the coagulation cascade can prevent intravascular coagulation and inflammation in the pancreas and distant organs, thereby preventing systemic complications in patients with acute pancreatitis.
“Fatal chain”: from acute pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Lukashevich G. M. , Fomenko P. G. , Byelyayeva N. V.
Published: December 2018

The article provides a review of literature on the "fatal chain" in pancreatology. This refers to the links starting from acute pancreatitis to its relapse, development of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic fibrosis progression and increasing risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (similar to the "fatal chain" in hepatology: from acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer). Logical links are confirmed by the literature data and results of the evidence-based research. Preventive and curative actions aimed to interrupt "fatal chain" are discussed.
NEWS OF EUROPEAN PANCREATOLOGY (by materials of the 49th Meeting of the European Pancreatic Club, Budapest, June–July 2017)
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Lukashevich G. M. , Klochkov A. Ye. , Fomenko P.  G. , Rotar O. V.
Published: December 2018

Article represents the results of main scientific researches in pancreatology conducted in 2016–2017. There are stated achievements of leading pancreatologists of Europe regarding study of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of pancreatitis and tumors of the pancreas.
Pleiotropic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in complex treatment of patients with comorbidity of chronic pancreatitis and stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Babinets L. S. , Melnyk N. A.
Published: December 2018

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the class omega-3 are the substances that have a polytropic effect on different processes in the human body. The aim is to study the effectiveness of course treatment with omega-3 PUFAs for correction of lipid, prooxidative-antioxidant disorders and imbalance in the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in patients with a comorbidity of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). The study included 90 patients with CP combined with SCAD who were divided into two groups (depending on the treatment program): I group (45 patients) received standard protocol treatment (SPT); group II (45 patients) additionally to SPT received omega-3 PUMAs (Omacor) 2 capsules (2000 mg) during one month. It has been shown that the addition of omega-3 PUMAs to the treatment of patients with comorbidity of CP and SCAD is more conducive to improving the lipid and prooxidant-antioxidant states and KKS indices than the standard basic therapy.
Possibility of complex rehabilitation of chronic pancreatitis at the stage of primary medical care (literature review)
Authors: Babinets L. S. , Palykhata M. V. , Sasyk G. M.
Published: December 2018

Prevention of exacerbation and extension of remission of disease are crucial for the further rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Change of lifestyle is the first and the most important step in the prevention of repeated exacerbations of disease: stopping alcohol consumption and smoking, diet. In our time of the increasing number of diseases associated with the side effects of drugs and severe allergic reactions caused by them, physiotherapeutic methods of treatment can play key role in the complex therapy of diseases of internal organs: climate therapy, physiotherapy (yoga is effective in reducing the pain perception and increasing the body mass), hydrotherapy and treatment by heat (mineral water intake), peloidotherapy, methods of outfit physiotherapy. Phyto- and apitherapeutic agents, hirudotherapy, which are coming back to clinical practice, as well as reflexotherapeutic techniques, can be used for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis at the present stage of evolution. It should be taken into account that patients often have psychoemotional disorders, which can be considered upon choosing the differentiated rehabilitation programs, including psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy techniques in the traditional therapy of pancreatitis.
Peculiarities of values of acetylcholine concentration and cholinesterase activity in serum of patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and duodenal ulcer
Authors: Trubitsyna I. E. , Gulyaev A. S. , Vinokurova L. V. , Tarasova T. V. , Drozdova G. A.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. There are a lot of pathogenic factors involved in development of polyetiologic diseases. Acetylcholine (AC) is known as first-order mediator as it plays an important role in development and maintenance of pathological processes. In this article we provide data on AC concentration in blood serum of patients with duodenal ulcer, alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and control group as well as activity of cholinesterase.

The aim of this study was to identify a role played by AC in pathological process during disease, which may complicate a course of the disease as a bad prognostic factor.

Results and discussion. We divided AC concentration into three types in the control group: low — 0.46–1.0 mmol/l (60% of individuals), moderate — 1.02–1.5 mmol/l (30%) , and high — more than 1.5 mmol/l (10%).

Conclusion. We suppose that cholinesterase activity and AC concentration depend on localization of pathological process.
Follow-up of patients with pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis: outcome and surveillance
Authors: Téllez-Âvila F. I. , Villalobos-Garita Â. , Giovannini M. , Chan C. , Hernandez-Calleros J. , Uscanga L. , Ramirez-Luna M. Â.
Published: December 2018

Aim: to follow up patients with pseudotumoral chronic pancreatitis (PCP) to assess their outcome and identify an optimal surveillance interval.

Methods: data obtained prospectively were analyzed in a retrospective manner. Patients with clinical evidence of chronic pancreatitis (abdominal pain in the epigastrium, steatorrhea, and diabetes mellitus), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria > 4, and EUS-fine needle aspiration (FNA) were included. A pseudotumor was defined as a non-neoplastic space-occupying lesion, a cause of chronic pancreatitis that may mimic changes typical of pancreatic cancer on CT or endoscopic ultrasound but without histological evidence. A real tumor was defined as a neoplastic space-occupying lesion because of pancreatic cancer confirmed by histology.

Results: thirty-five patients with chronic pancreatitis were included, 26 (74.2%) of whom were men. Nine (25.7%) patients were diagnosed with PCP and two (2/35; 5.7%) patients with PCP were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer on follow-up. The time between the diagnosis of PCP and pancreatic adenocarcinoma was 35 and 30 days in the two patients. Definitive diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma was made by surgery. In the remaining six patients with PCP, the median of follow-up was 11 months (range 1–22 months) and they showed no evidence of malignancy on surveillance. In the follow-up of patients without PCP but with chronic pancreatitis, none were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. According to our data, older patients with chronic pancreatitis are at risk of PCP.

Conclusion: according to characteristics of patient, detection of PCP should lead a surveillance program for pancreatic cancer with EUS-FNA in < 1 month or directly to surgical resection.

Core tip: actually, there are no clear recommendations for follow-up of patients with chronic pancreatitis and solid pancreatic mass lesions. We followed-up patients with chronic pancreatitis and solid pancreatic mass lesions and we assessed the final outcome and identified an optimal surveillance interval. We found that almost one-third of patients with chronic pancreatitis had PCP, and 22.2% had unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma less than 2 mo after the initial diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration can miss malignancy in nearly 25% of patients with PCP.
Enzyme replacement therapy, life quality and expectancy of patients with chronic pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Klochkov А. Y. , Lukashevich G. М. , Fomenko P. G. , Rachmetova V. S.
Published: December 2018

The article reviews the evidence-based studies devoted to the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of enzyme replacement therapy in patients with chronic pancreatitis with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Particular attention is paid to the effect of replacement therapy on the life quality and expectancy of patients. It has been proven that the correct prescription of enzyme preparations (minimicrosphere enteric-coated preparation, adequate dosage) improves the quality and prolongs the life of patients.
Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after acute pancreatitis: long-term follow-up study
Authors: Tu J. , Zhang J. , Ke L. , Yang Y. , Yang Q. , Lu G. , Li B. , Tong Z. , Li W. , Li J.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Patients could develop endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after acute pancreatitis (AP), but the morbidity, risk factors and outcome remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after AP and the risk factors of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency through a long-term follow-up investigation.

Methods. Follow-up assessment of the endocrine and exocrine function was conducted for the discharged patients with AP episodes. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and faecal elastase-1(FE-1) test were used as primary parameters. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin HBA1c, 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), Homa beta cell function index (HOMA-β), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and FE-1 were collected. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was performed to investigate the pancreatic morphology and the other related data during hospitalization was also collected.

Results. One hundred thirteen patients were included in this study and 34 of whom (30.1%) developed diabetes mellitus (DM), 33 (29.2%) suffered impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Moreover, 33 patients (29.2%) developed mild to moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with 100μg/g<FE-1<200μg/g and 7 patients (6.2%) were diagnosed with severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with FE-1<100μg/g. The morbidity of DM and IGT in patients with pancreatic necrosis was significant higher than that in the non-pancreatic necrosis group (χ2 = 13.442,P = 0.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that extent of pancreatic necrosis<30% (P = 0.012, OR = 0.061) were the protective factors of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. HOMA-IR (P = 0.002, OR = 6.626), Wall-off necrosis (WON) (P = 0.013, OR = 184.772) were the risk factors.

Conclusion. The integrated morbidity of DM and IGT after AP was 59.25%, which was higher than exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 6.2% and 29.2% of patients developed severe and mild to moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, respectively. The extent of pancreatic necrosis>50%, WON and insulin resistance were the independent risk factors of new onset diabetes after AP.
News of European pancreatology (by materials of the 50th meeting of European Pancreatic Club)
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Lukashevich G. M. , Klochkov A. Y. , Fomenko P. G. , Yaroshenko L. A. , Yuryeva A. V. , Rakhmetova V. S.
Published: December 2018

Article represents the results of main scientific researches in pancreatology conducted in 2016–2017. There are stated achievements of leading pancreatologists of Europe regarding study of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of pancreatitis and tumors of the pancreas.
The role of psychosomatic factors in the formation of diseases of the digestive system
Authors: Plotnikova E. Y. , Gracheva T. Y. , Moskvina Y. V.
Published: December 2018

Psychosomatic disorders are frequent in gastroenterological practice. Visceral pain and motor-evacuation disorders of the gastrointestinal tract is a common symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders which have a multifactorial etiology. Many patients with these diseases have comorbid behavioral disorders, such as anxiety or depression, and functional gastrointestinal disorders are described as disorders of the “gastrointestinal tract-brain” axis. Chronic stress can change the central pattern of pain, as well as motor activity and permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. The multidirectional treatment for these diseases should include psychotropic drugs and groups of somatic antipsychotics and antidepressants.
From edematous syndrome to the diagnosis of "intestinal lymphangiectasia" (clinical observation of a rare disease)
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Linevskaya K. Y. , Voronin K. A.
Published: December 2018

The article presents differential diagnostic approaches to the verification of intestinal lymphangiectasia in a patient with edematous syndrome; features of the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia are shown.
Discriminatory labour market experiences of A8 national high skilled workers in the UK
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Acik Necla , Saunders Bradley
Published: December 2018

Overqualification among migrants, defined as being employed in a job that is below their acquired skill levels through education, is well-known. Recent studies show that overqualification is more likely amongst migrants who work in the older EU15 member states. Similar studies carried out in the UK supports the argument that minorities suffer from ethnic and religious penalties in the labour market, especially among high skilled groups. Despite the relatively high employment rates of A8 migrants in the UK, they tend to be overwhelmingly employed in elementary occupations (i.e. requiring low skill levels) and likely to be underpaid. Very few studies have examined the propensity of overqualification of A8 nationals working in the UK. We have adopted the skills mismatch model to examine the skills level mismatch for the A8 migrants.  Therefore, a time-series analysis was carried out using  the Annual Population Survey for the period of 2005 to 2012 which marks the beginning and end of restrictions for access to the labour market for A8 nationals across the European Union. This has also given us a time span of 8 years during which the UK economy fall into recession from 2007 onwards.. The evidence shows that A8 nationals have been subject to ethnic penalties in the high end of the labour market irrespective of the impact of the financial crisis. It is very common that they take up posts for which they are overqualified, or in other words, overeducated. This is particularly important as discrimination at that level is likely to have negative impact on economic recovery by supressing the full skill and entrepreneurial potential of this particular group in the UK labour market.