bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores asociados al miedo hacia el coronavirus en profesionales de la salud que laboran en el primer nivel de atención
Authors: Valdiglesias Ochoa Diana , Cehua Álvarez Efraín , Gutiérrez Crespo Hugo
Published: December 2023

Introducción: El miedo es un trastorno emocional que puede manifestarse también en profesionales de la salud al enfrentarse a enfermedades infecciosas desconocidas. Esta emoción puede desencadenar síntomas depresivos, que van desde el desánimo, la fatiga y el desinterés hasta la falta de concentración. Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados al miedo hacia el coronavirus en profesionales de la salud que laboran en el primer nivel de atención durante el año 2022. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio es de tipo observacional, transversal-analítico. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 200 profesionales de la salud que laboran en el primer nivel de atención. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo probabilístico de tipo aleatorio simple. Para determinar la prevalencia del miedo hacia el coronavirus se aplicó el instrumento “Escala de Miedo a COVID-19”. Para identificar los factores asociados al miedo, se utilizó el instrumento de variables epidemiológicas y laborales. Los datos se procesaron utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSSv28. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia del miedo al coronavirus del 72%, relacionada con los factores epidemiológicos con el ser de sexo femenino (p-valor 0.021) y los factores laborales tales como el tiempo trabajado (p=0.015) y el acceso al equipo de protección individual (p-valor 0.003), todos con un valor estadísticamente significativo. Conclusión: Los factores asociados al miedo hacia el coronavirus en profesionales de la salud mostraron un impacto significativo en el sexo femenino, en el periodo laboral de 6 a 10 años y el acceso diario al equipo de protección individual.
Classification of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Kondratyeva E. I. , Avdeev S. N. , Kyian T. A. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L.
Published: December 2023

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary disease from the group of ciliopathies with extensive locus and allelic heterogeneity (ORPHA 244, 98861; OMIM 242650, 244000). This disease is inherited by autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive type and, less often, by X-linked type (OMIM 300424). Retinitis pigmentosa develops in the X-linked PCD variant. The overall minimum global prevalence of PCD according to European data is 1 : 7554. There is no generally accepted classification of PCD in the international classification of diseases (ICD), 10th revision. PCD is not presented in ICD-10 as a separate medical entity, and the code Q32.4 – Other congenital bronchial anomalies – is used for coding. In the new edition of ICD-11, the code LA75.Y is highlighted – Other specified structural abnormalities of the lungs.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia. However, there is no generally accepted classification of PCD. The aim of the study was to develop a classification of primary ciliary dyskinesias to improve the efficiency of medical care for patients during follow-up.

Methods. European and Russian clinical recommendations, as well as ICD 10th and 11th revision, Classification of Respiratory Insufficiency (2020), Order of 27.08.19 No.585n “On classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expert assessment of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social expert assessment” (as amended on 06.10.21) were used to create the classification.

Results. The classification of PCD was created and can be recommended for use in clinical practice. The classification was based on the presence or absence of the Sievert – Kartagener syndrome (complete, not complete), as well as clinical and instrumental characterization of bronchopulmonary changes based on the presence of chronic obstructive bronchitis, bronchiectasis (specifying the type and localization), pneumofibrosis with the process activity (exacerbation, remission), and the degree of respiratory failure. It is recommended to take into account extrapulmonary manifestations of PCD, such as rhinosinusitis, media otitis, congenital heart defect, and complications. It is recommended to use the PICADAR (PrImary CiliAry DyskinesiA Rule) score and to include the results of video microscopy, DNA diagnosis, and microbiological examination in the diagnosis.

Conclusion. The application of the proposed classification can be useful in the dynamic observation of the patient, therapy and in the conduct of medical and social expert assessment.
Efficacy of treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after virus-induced exacerbations
Authors: Shpagina L. A , Kotova O. S , Shpagin I. S. , Kuznetsova G. V. , Karmanovskaya S. A. , Panacheva L. A. , Anikina E. V.
Published: December 2023

Viral respiratory infection is one of the main etiologic factors for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). The disease course after virus-associated AECOPD and the response to treatment have not been studied adequately.

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) of long-acting anticholinergic drugs (LAMA)/long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) of adrenergic receptors/inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) on COPD symptoms, lung function, exercise tolerance, and inflammatory activity compared with multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT) after a virus-associated COPD exacerbation.

Methods. This was an observational prospective cohort study of COPD patients (spirographус criterion) hospitalized for AECOPD with viral (n = 60) or viral-bacterial (n = 60) infection. The comparison group included patients with bacterial AECOPD (n = 60). Viral infection was diagnosed by PCR-RT of sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for RNAs of rhinovirus, RS virus, influenza A and B viruses, or SARS-CoV-2 virus. Bacterial infection was demonstrated by sputum purulence and/or procalcitonin test results and/or standard culture data. During AECOPD, blood cytokines were measured by ELISA. The patients were treated with SITT (investigational treatment) or MITT (comparison treatment) of LAMA/LABA/ICS in real-world clinical practice. The follow-up started 4 weeks after AECOPD regression and discharge from hospital.

Results. After 52 weeks of treatment, FEV1 decline was smaller than in the SITT group. Differences from the MITT group were greater in patients with viral AECOPD (–69 (–75; –10) ml vs –75 (–78; –72) ml) or viral-bacterial AECOPD (–67.5 (–69; –37.25) ml vs –75.5 (–84; –70.25) ml). An increase in DLCO/Va, 6-minut walk test (6MWT) results, a decrease in bronchodilation coefficient, blood eosinophils and fibrinogen was seen only in subjects who received SITT and had viralor viral-bacterial AECOPD. A multiple regression model revealed a direct association between blood interleukin-5 and improvement in FEV1 (В = 0.848) and DLCO/Va (B=0.117) and a negative correlation with blood levels of amino-terminal propeptide of type-III procollagen and improvement in DLCO/Va (В = –0.021).

Conclusion. SITT with LAMA/LABA/ICS was more effective in preventing FEV1 decline, increasing DLCO, 6MWT results, and decreasing airway inflammation in virus-associated or viral-bacterial AECOPD.
Post-COVID syndrome and capillary bed abnormalities detected by videocapillaroscopy
Authors: Nguyen H. C. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: December 2023

Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a pressing problem in clinical practice. Dyspnea, along with neurologic and cardiovascular symptoms, is the most common symptom indicating low exercise capacity (EC) that reduces quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate shortness of breath and the capillary bed abnormalities detected video capillaroscopy (VCS) in patients with PCS.

Methods.The study included patients with PCS (n = 60) suffering from shortness of breath. Dyspnea was assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). The capillary bed abnormality was diagnosed using VCS.

Results.Patients with ACL walked an average of 79.5% of the predicted distance in the 6-MWT. They also had a decrease in pulse oximetry readings. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st– patients with desaturation, 2nd– patients without desaturation. Significant differences were observed between patients with and without desaturation, especially in the 6-MWT distance, pulse oximetry, and dyspnea before and after the 6-MWT. Patients with desaturation had a higher desaturation-to-distance ratio, a higher O2-GAP index, and higher cardiac effort levels, as well as a significant decrease in the proportion of perfused capillaries (PPC), mean capillary density, and a marked increase in the proportion of tortuous and branched capillaries. There was a direct correlation between PPC and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (DLCO/Va), distance traveled during the 6-MWT and percentage (%) of predicted distance, inverse correlation between PPC and cardiac effort. There was a direct correlation between the percentage (%) of capillary recovery and 6-MWT distance and the percentage (%) of predicted distance, as well as an inverse correlation with the ratio of desaturation indicators and walking distance. Similarly, there was a direct correlation between mean capillary density and DLCO/Va, while the proportion (%) of tortuous capillaries was inversely correlated with DLCO, and the proportion (%) of branched capillaries was inversely correlated with DLCO/Va.

Conclusion.The multifactorial nature of the mechanisms of dyspnea in patients with PCS was demonstrated, with the important role of vasculopathy. Continuous monitoring of pulse oximetry, heart rate and VCS are effective methods to screen and assess the condition of patients with PCS and dyspnea.
Pulmonary hemorrhage in cystic fibrosis: a review of current data
Authors: Fedotova M. M. , Doronina A. A.
Published: December 2023

Pulmonary hemorrhage is a serious complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) with a prevalence up to 9.1%. According to the Registry of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Russian Federation for 2020, the prevalence of pulmonary hemorrhage was 1.5% in the general population, and 6.5% in patients over 18 years of age. Despite the importance of this problem, there is no systematic information on pulmonary hemorrhage in CF.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to review current data on the pathogenesis, risk factors, and approaches to the treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with CF. Information was searched in еLibrary and PubMed databases.

Results. During the literature review, we summarized and systematized the collected scientific data on pulmonary hemorrhage in CF. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hemorrhage is chronic inflammation in the bronchial wall accompanied by increased angiogenesis factors that promote neovascularization with development of many tortuous, thin-walled vessels. Exacerbation of bronchial inflammation and mechanical strain contribute to erosion and damage of fragile vessels and cause the bleeding. The main risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage were colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, diabetes mellitus, and FEV1 < 70%. Complex therapy for pulmonary hemorrhage includes the use of antibiotics and antifibrinolytic agents. Some of the published regimens use β-blockers and blood coagulation factor VII. Data on the efficacy of vitamin K are unclear, but it is also used in the treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage. In cases of massive bleeding, temporarily discontinuation of inhalations of hypertonic solution and kinesiotherapy is recommended. In case of recurrent massive bleedings, bronchial artery embolization is performed and lung resection can be done in extreme cases.

Conclusion. Hemoptysis in CF is a complex clinical problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, important aspects of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hemorrhage remain unclear. Given the increasing life expectancy of CF patients and the age-related risk of pulmonary hemorrhage, it is important to investigate the pathogenetic aspects of this complication for the subsequent development of effective and justified treatment algorithms.
Diagnosis, combined treatment, and long-term follow-up of a thymoma patient
Authors: Chichkova N. V. , Kogan E. A. , Fomin V. V. , Parshin V. D. , Fominykh E. V. , Bychkov Yu. M. , Morozova N. V. , Ponomarev A. B.
Published: December 2023

Thymic neoplasms account for 20 – 25% of primary mediastinal tumors. Nonspecific clinical symptoms are often associated with delayed diagnosis of thymoma, leading to a distinctive problem of late diagnosis. Nowadays, surgical removal of the tumor is the method of choice for thymoma treatment. Combination treatment is indicated in the case of an unresectable tumor. Modern therapy (various combinations of anticancer drugs) helps reduce neoplasm size, stop metastasis, and maintain good quality of life in patients with thymoma.

Aim. The presented clinical case of type B3 thymoma (with invasion into surrounding organs and metastatic pleura) is characterized by a long asymptomatic period of the disease, the onset of symptoms after suffering COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) and successful long-term polychemotherapy. The causes of late diagnosis, as well as insufficient oncologic vigilance in evaluating the results of laboratory and instrumental tests, are discussed based on this clinical case.

Conclusion. A correct diagnosis, as well as successful treatment, requires a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians from different specialties – general practitioners, oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and morphologists.
Interstitial lung diseases in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Korzh Elena V.
Published: December 2023

Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains poorly understood.

The purpose of the work was to demonstrate approaches to the diagnosis of ILD in HIV-infected patients with different levels of CD4 lymphocytes. An analysis of literature data and clinical observations of ILD in HIV-infected individuals (n = 2) whose CD4 lymphocyte count was 677 (37.5%) and 1 (0.21%) cells/μl are presented. The patients were observed and treated for a long time by pulmonology specialists, including anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. The patient with CD4 lymphocyte count of 677 cells/μl in the absence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum had an established diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with the progressive development of respiratory failure and progression of the computed tomographic pattern from large areas of “ground glass” to the formation of reticular changes and “honeycomb” lung within 2 years. The patient with CD4 count of 1 cell/μl was diagnosed with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia based on characteristic clinical manifestations of increasing respiratory failure against the background of diffuse interstitial pneumofibrosis in the absence of bacterial excretion, the effects of antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal treatment for 7 months, and excluding other causes of lung damage.

Conclusion. The development of interstitial fibrosing pulmonary process of non-infectious etiology in HIV-infected patients with different states of T-helper immunity has been demonstrated. After excluding opportunistic infections, the influence of other factors, and concomitant diseases, these patients were diagnosed with various forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. However, existing reports of the direct damaging effects of the virus on the pulmonary parenchyma also suggest the possibility of HIV-associated interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
Clinical and biochemical profile in patients of scrub typhus: an under reported disease-a tertiary care hospital based study in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Kumar Rajinder , Sharma Isha , Goyal Kuldeep , Khujwal Muzaffar Majeed
Published: December 2023

Background: Scrub typhus is an emerging but neglected infectious diseases that generally results in acute febrile illness, with spectrum of diseases ranging from mild illness to multiorgan dysfunction. Hence we planned this study to know the demographic, clinical and biochemical profile of scrub typhus patients in hilly state of Uttarakhand.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted from June 2020 to November 2020 in the Department of Internal Medicine, in a tertiary care institution located in state of Uttarakhand, India. All scrub typhus patients were evaluated by detailed history, examination and laboratory tests.
Results: Among 60 cases, the mean age of patients was 38.3±15.43 years, with majority of patients (70.2%) being young adults between the age 18‑40 years. Majority of patients were females (60.0%) with (M:F-1:1.3). 53.3% patients reported from rural and 46.7% patients from urban area. Fever (100%), cough and breathlessness (40.0%), nausea and vomiting (20%), abdominal pain and diarrhoea (16.7%), headache (16.7%) and altered sensorium (8.3%) were the predominant clinical features. Hepatic dysfunction (51; 85.0%) and respiratory dysfunction (25; 41.6%) were the commonest findings followed by renal dysfunction (13; 21.7%).
Conclusions: Scrub typhus is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late due to its wide clinical spectrum overlapping with clinical presentation of other commonly prevalent tropical diseases. An increasing awareness of this disease coupled with prompt management will go a long way in reducing both morbidity and mortality in this disease.
Recurrent cementoblastoma in mandibular first molar region: A case report
Authors: Shinde Manisha , Gandevivala Adil , Shrivalli Shrikanth
Published: December 2023

Benign cementoblastoma is an infrequent tumor originating from odontogenic mesenchyme. It is distinguished by the presence of a mineralizing mass located at the apex of the tooth root. Adults and children are most commonly affected by this neoplasm. This case report presents of such a rare case of cementoblastoma in lower left molar region causing deflection of inferior alveolar nerve in a 10-year-old female patient presenting with extraoral swelling and complaining of pain in same region for which the patient had previously underwent excision of the tumor incompletely.
The dynamics of experiencing psychological closeness in crisi
Authors: Zhedunova Lyudmila G. , Posysoev Nikolay N.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the issue of possible dynamics of psychological closeness in the conditions of a long-term psychologically traumatic situation. The results of the empirical study illustrating the presence of gender differences in the experience and perception of intimacy in a couple due to subjective perceptions and personality characteristics of partners. The mechanisms of intimacy formation in the dynamic aspect (before, during and after the crisis) are highlighted. The possibilities of rendering psychological help to a married couple, aimed at working with anxiety in connection with the change and loss of habitual ways of satisfying the needs for jointness and autonomy are considered.
The Influence of Change Management Process on Cloud Transitioning
Authors: Miyen Rito , Marnewick Carl
Published: December 2023

Technology is a dynamic field with constant changes, improvements, and new discoveries even before anyone is fully comfortable or used to the way it was. Cloud computing has gained momentum with the migration to the cloud growing at an incremental rate each year. However, some organisations migrate prematurely without fully understanding the impact on various factors. This research focuses on the influence of change management processes on cloud transitioning. The study included the feasibility of using COBIT to adequately manage organisational change when migrating to the cloud. The quantitative research methodology used a survey where the concept of cloud computing and applying COBIT in the context of organisational change were explored. A combination of these concepts was necessary as these had not been explored in other studies. A correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationship between COBIT’s change management processes and the success rate of cloud computing. The results of this research suggest that there is a relationship between change management processes and the success rate of cloud computing. Future research could include the creation of a cloud-readiness assessment model to assist businesses to make an informed decisions when migrating to the cloud.
NEW GALACTIC LITHIUM-RICH CLASSICAL CEPHEID: OGLE GD-CEP-0516
Authors: Kovtyukh V. V.
Published: December 2023

We report the discovery of new super-lithium rich beat Cepheid OGLE GD-CEP-0516 which has a lithium abundance of logA(Li)≈3.6 dex. It is the sixth known Cepheid of such type in the Galaxy. OGLE GD-CEP-0516 can be considered as the Cepheid which is presently crossing the instability strip for the first time.
THE Hα AND Hβ LINES IN THE SPECTRUM OF CH CYG IN 2016
Authors: Mikailov Kh. M. , Rustamov B. N. , Rustamova A. B. , Orujova A. J.
Published: December 2023

We present the results of spectral observations of the symbiotic star CH Cyg, carried out at the Cassegrain focus of the 2-m telescope of the ShAO named after N. Tusi, by using the Shamakhy Fiber Echelle Spectrograph (ShAFES). The spectra of star CH Cyg were obtained with the spectral resolution of R = 28000, between June and November 2016. We also present the results of the comparative analysis of the brightness curve of the star with the main parameters of Hα and Hβ emission lines. During the observation period, both lines exhibited changing profiles characterized by complex structures, predominantly with double peaks. The ratio of the intensities of the blue and red components was typically IB/IR < 1 for the Hα line and IB/IR ≥ 1 for the Hβ line. A quasi-period of 241 days was found in the variation of the equivalent widths of Hα and Hβ emission lines as well as in the intensities of their components.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE INTENSITY OF THE SCR PROTON FLUX WITH THE PARAMETERS OF TYPE II SOLAR RADIO BURSTS
Authors: Isaeva E. A.
Published: December 2023

112 solar proton events (SPEs) were processed for the period from November 24, 2000 to December 20, 2014, which were accompanied by type II radio bursts. For the analysis, used original records of solar radio emission from a solar radio spectrograph in the range of 25-180 MHz, as well as original records of the flux intensity proton of solar cosmic rays (SCR) protons Ip with energy Ep in the range > 0.8-850 MeV according to data from the GOES series of devices. In this case, superimposed proton events were always separated and identified with the corresponding solar proton flares, and the maximum proton flux intensity Ip of superimposed proton events was determined from the level of the previous proton event.
Based on data from the solar radio spectrograph, regression models were obtained for 91 type II bursts that established the relationship between the frequency drift velocity Vi,j and the frequency of type II bursts fi,j, and for 73 type II bursts it was possible to obtain regression models which established the relationship between the intensity of type II bursts Ii,j and type II burst frequency fi,j in the range 25-180 MHz. Detailed studies have shown that the intensity of type II bursts Ii,j, as well as the frequency drift velocity Vi,j, strongly depends on the frequency of type II burst fi,j and monotonically changes with time ti along the harmonics of type II bursts.
As a result, the relationship between the maximum values of the SCR proton flux intensity Ip and the calculated values of the frequency drift velocity Vi,j and intensity of type II bursts Ii,j was investigated. A comparative analysis showed that the relationship between the intensity of the SCR proton flux Ip and the intensity of type II bursts Ii,j is much stronger than with the frequency drift velocity Vi,j, where the correlation coefficient r is 0.82 and 0.71, respectively, for protons with energies Ep > 30 MeV. The relationship between the proton flux intensity Ip and the frequency drift velocity Vi,j and the intensity of type II bursts Ii,j was also studied as a function of the proton energy Ep and the frequency fi,j of type II radio bursts. It was shown that the strongest relationship between the intensity of the SCR proton flux Ip with the frequency drift velocity Vi and with the intensity of type II bursts Ii,j is observed with subrelativistic SCR protons with energies Ep in the range > 30-100 MeV and for type II radio bursts at a frequency fi,j in the range 40-160 MHz.
THE PROBLEM OF OBTAINING COMBINED GAMMA AND OPTICAL DETECTORS FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FAST NUCLEAR PROCESSES
Authors: Doikov Marko D.
Published: December 2023

The physical and technical aspects of the registration of fast physical processes involving nuclear transformations with the help of binary detectors in the γ-and optical ranges are considered We chose a semiconducting perovskite crystal CsPbBr3 as the main element of the detector. Have been presented with geometrical and technologically usable parameters of the CsPbBr3 crystal for its implementations in nuclear medicine, geophysics and astrophysics. One of the objects that allow testing of the developed high-speed spectrographic equipment are lightning discharges in the atmospheres of planets, including the Earth. The thermonuclear nature of γ-bursts detected during thunderstorms was revealed by their spectra. The paper shows the role of the corresponding channels involving high-energy protons and α-particles, leading to the formation of 116C, 137 N, 158O isotopes. The registration of the γ-spectrum of the flash and its evolution allowed to estimate the character, energy and time scales of the processes necessary for the design and manufacture of multipurpose measuring complexes by us. The inclusion of γ-spectra in the consideration allowed to estimate the correlation between the maximum currents of particles and the productivity of γ-rays. In the experiments planned by us, the magnetic field fluctuations caused by currents are simultaneously recorded by highly sensitive magnetic field detectors. The height of the building of the Faculty of Physics in Smolyan, Bulgaria, is 900 meters above sea level. This makes it possible to place the measuring complex as close as possible to the sources of hard radiation and to carry out easurements in the immediate vicinity. Unlike distant space objects, the perovskite detector registers the positions themselves. This makes it possible to use the methods of positron γ-spectroscopy and accurately determine the parameters of local currents. The technological parameters of the device were determined. A simulation model was created in Simulink MATLAB, LabVIEW with synchronization of the operation of the listed spectrographs. The characteristic shape of the signal formed by individual γ-quanta with the parameters of the Gaussian function and the total number of these quanta are calculated. The degree of mathematical blinding of neighboring Gaussian functions and its influence on the structure of the final spectrogram in the form of an autocorrelation function is estimated. The similarity of the time scales of thermonuclear explosion processes on white dwarfs (WD) and the processes of synthesis of 116C, 137 N and 158O isotopes in the flash head is determined. It is concluded that it is expedient to create a robotic network of lightning observation stations similar to the meteor patrol at the I. I. Mechnikov National University of Ukraine.
FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF SUPERGIANT STAR HD 40589 (A0Iab)
Authors: Samedov Z. A. , Rustem U. R. , Hajiyeva G. M. , Aliyeva Z. F.
Published: December 2023

The atmosphere of HD 40589 (A0Iab) supergiant star of A spectral class was studied using the model atmosphere and parallax methods. The effective temperatures (Teff) and surface of gravity (log g) were determined using a comparison of the observed and  calculated values of the photometric quantities [c1], Q and the equivalent widths of the hydrogen Balmer lines and parallax. Based on the Fe II lines the microturbulent velocity and metallicity [Fe/H] were determined. Metallicity of the program star is close to the metallicity of the Sun. This shows that our program star and the Sun are formed from the interstellar medium of a similar metallicity.
Döntéshozatal inflációs sokkok és politikai kockázatok idején
Authors: Bod Péter Ákos
Published: December 2023

Geopolitikai, klimatikus, technológiai okokból megnőtt a gazdasági folyamatok érzékelt kockázatossága, széles körű a társadalmi válságérzet. Már a 2007 utáni pénzügyi krízis nyomán csökkent a közgazdaságtan társadalmi presztízse, mint általában is a tudományok tekintélye. A döntéshozók gyakran negligálják a gazdaságelméleti ajánlásokat mint számukra nem releváns teóriákat, olyan fontos ügyekben is, mint az infláció. A tanulmány a magyar eseten mutatja be, hogy milyen sokféle ok hatására alakult ki az inflációs hullám, és miért nem adódik egyszerű és hatásos közgazdasági megoldás erre a komplex problémára. Hiba azonban, ha a bizonytalan viszonyok között, sokkszerű változások idején a döntéshozó, legyen üzleti vezető vagy gazdaságpolitikus, elveti a tényalapú elméleteket. A következtetés: a tudományosan igazolt elméletek alapján, de a társadalmi szereplők, üzleti felek sajátos racionalitását és illúziókkal keveredő preferenciáit is figyelembe véve kell a döntéseket meghozni az intézmények és eljárások megkonstruálásánál. A mai adatgazdagság és a mesterséges intelligencia (MI) megjelenése új lehetőségeket nyit a kockázatok hatékony kezelésében.
El lado oscuro de la Gran Divergencia: La coerción en el origen de la desigualdad global
Authors: Vargas Gonzalo A.
Published: December 2023

La “Gran Divergencia” es el proceso histórico que originó la brecha persistente en el ingreso per cápita entre diferentes regiones del mundo hace aproximadamente dos siglos. Las explicaciones convencionales atribuyen su origen a los rasgos excepcionales de las sociedades europeas. En este artículo sintetizo los cuestionamientos a esta postura y argumento que ignora la importancia de la coerción y su relación con la innovación tecnológica, las instituciones y la cultura. La coerción no fue una condición suficiente para la Gran Divergencia, pero fue necesaria para la formación de brechas económicas persistentes entre las regiones del mundo.
Çağdaş Sanatta Bir Tema Olarak “Merdiven” Kavramı Üzerine Bireysel Söylemler
Authors: ÇEVİK Naile
Published: December 2023

Antik çağlarda bir temel ihtiyaç olarak ortaya çıkan merdiven kullanımı, insanların barınmak için yaptıkları

mekânları zeminden yükseğe taşıma ana amacına hizmet ediyordu.Daha sonraki dönemlerdemerdivenler,

bu somut anlamının yanı sıra soyut ve ilahi anlamlarda kazanmıştır. Günümüzde ise merdivenler bulunduğu

mekâna ve bağlama göre bazen işlevsel bazen de işlevini yitirerek yalın bir heykelsi form olarak mekâna

yeni anlamlar kazandırmaktadır. Bir kullanım nesnesine dair yaşanan değişimlerin sanatta da bir karşılığı

olmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında; merdiveni sanatsal üretimlerinin odağına alan Marcel Duchamp, Harold

Davis, Ivan Navarro, Mutlu Başkaya, Martin Puryear, Ferit Cihat Sertkaya, M.C. Escher, Olafur Eliasson,

Jonathan Borofsky, Massimo Uberti, Rachel Whiteread, Do Ho Suhve Hasan Pekmezci gibi sanatçıların

eserleri incelenmektedir.Sonrasında ulaşma ve erişme sorunsalını merdiven teması ile birleştiren Naile

Çevik’in bireysel seramik form üretimleri üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
NLP-Based Management of Large Multiple-Choice Test Item Repositories
Authors: Albano Valentina , Firmani Donatella , Laura Luigi , Mathew Jerin George , Paoletti Anna Lucia , Torrente Irene
Published: December 2023

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in educational assessments and professional certification exams. Managing large repositories of MCQs, however, poses several challenges due to the high volume of questions and the need to maintain their quality and relevance over time. One of these challenges is the presence of questions that duplicate concepts but are formulated differently. Such questions can indeed elude syntactic controls but provide no added value to the repository.
In this paper, we focus on this specific challenge and propose a workflow for the discovery and management of potential duplicate questions in large MCQ repositories. Overall, the workflow comprises three main steps: MCQ preprocessing, similarity computation, and finally a graph-based exploration and analysis of the obtained similarity values. For the preprocessing phase, we consider three main strategies: (i) removing the list of candidate answers from each question, (ii) augmenting each question with the correct answer, or (iii) augmenting each question with all candidate answers. Then, we use deep learning–based natural language processing (NLP) techniques, based on the Transformers architecture, to compute similarities between MCQs based on semantics. Finally, we propose a new approach to graph exploration based on graph communities to analyze the similarities and relationships between MCQs in the graph. We illustrate the approach with a case study of the Competenze Digitali program, a large-scale assessment project by the Italian government.
Disseminated nocardiosis including cerebral nocardiosis caused by Nocardia farcinica: a case report
Authors: Song Baeseoup , Kim Dong Youn , Kim Young Jin , Woo Ho Geol
Published: December 2023

Background: As nocardiosis presents with nonspecific symptoms, its diagnosis is often difficult, resulting in high mortality. Here, we report a rare case of disseminated Nocardia farcinica infection that was successfully managed with a combination of antibiotic therapies. Case report: A 71-year-old man with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura presented with sudden-onset motor aphasia, motor weakness of the right limb, and fever. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple scattered diffusion-restricted lesions. Multiple cutaneous and peritoneal nodules were also identified. We performed full-length 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and obtained basic local alignment search tool results against the National Center for Biotechnology Information 16S rRNA database, which showed the best match to be N. farcinica. After maintaining the antibiotics for approximately 56 days, the patient recovered full consciousness, and the motor weakness of the right limb improved.Conclusion: Timely diagnosis of disseminated or cerebral nocardiosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are crucial for a desirable clinical outcome.
Pomoc uchodźcom jako wyraz troski o godność człowieka
Authors: Łakoma Sylwia
Published: December 2023

Opracowanie niniejsze stanowi próbę przybliżenia jednego ze świadczeń pieniężnych o charakterze obligatoryjnym, przewidzianego na podstawie art. 36 pkt 1g w zw. z art. 91 ustawy z dnia 12 marca 2004 r. o pomocy społecznej (t.j. Dz.U. z 2023 r., poz. 901; dalej: u.p.s.), jakim jest świadczenie na utrzymanie i pokrycie wydatków związanych z nauką języka polskiego dla cudzoziemców, którzy uzyskali w RP status uchodźcy. Udzielanie tej pomocy – w ramach uzgodnionego uprzednio indywidualnego programu integracji – jest wyrazem troski o godność człowieka znajdującego się w szczególnie trudnym położeniu. Pomoc ta pozwala na zaspokojenie niezbędnych potrzeb życiowych, chociażby na poziomie elementarnym. Wskazany program, o ile zostanie właściwie opracowany (tj. przy uwzględnieniu zwłaszcza indywidulanych potrzeb, umiejętności, możliwości i predyspozycji uchodźcy), a w razie potrzeby będzie także na bieżąco modyfikowany (w zależności od zmieniających się okoliczności), później z kolei będzie konsekwentnie realizowany – przy zgodnym współdziałaniu zainteresowanego cudzoziemca i pracownika socjalnego – w istocie może doprowadzić do osiągnięcia wyznaczonego celu, jakim jest integracja uchodźcy (art. 7 pkt 11 u.p.s.), a w dalszej perspektywie także możliwość samodzielnego zapewnienia sobie przez niego warunków życia odpowiadających godności człowieka. Badania oparte zostały na dogmatyczno-prawnej analizie przepisów u.p.s. oraz wypowiedzi doktryny i orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych.
Niezaspokojone potrzeby zdrowotne – wybrane aspekty administracyjnoprawne
Authors: Mełgieś Katarzyna , Miaskowska-Daszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

Celem rozważań w niniejszym artykule jest próba rekonstrukcji koncepcji niezaspokojonych potrzeb zdrowotnych w perspektywie zadań władz publicznych kreujących system ochrony zdrowia. Wychodząc od pojęcia potrzeb zdrowotnych człowieka i ich realizacji w ramach systemu ochrony zdrowia, wskazano obszary, które zostały normatywnie zagospodarowane przez ustawodawcę w odniesieniu do prawnego ujęcia pojęcia niezaspokojonych potrzeb zdrowotnych. W części poświęconej realizacji niezaspokojonych potrzeb zdrowotnych dokonano przykładowego przeglądu dostępnych władzom publicznym instrumentów w tym zakresie. Natomiast we wnioskach wskazano na przydatność identyfikowania potrzeb zdrowotnych jako niezaspokojone ze względu na brak dostępnej metody terapeutycznej w systemie opieki zdrowotnej, przede wszystkim w świetle konieczności wypracowania efektywnej odpowiedzi systemu na nie.
W kwestii godności człowieka jako kategorii prawa
Authors: Wilczyński Przemysław
Published: December 2023

Przyrodzona i niezbywalna godność człowieka traktowana jest przez ustrojodawcę jako nienaruszalne źródło wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela, którego poszanowanie i ochrona jest obowiązkiem władz publicznych. W praktyce tworzenia i stosowania prawa tak ujmowana godność człowieka nie stanowi jednak jednolitej kategorii, czego przyczyną w znacznym stopniu wydają się problemy natury semantycznej. Artykuł przybliża problematykę kategorii prawnej godności człowieka na gruncie polskiego systemu prawnego. Refleksji poddane zostały w nim m.in. kwestie filozoficznego fundamentu godności człowieka oraz jej nienaruszalności. W artykule sformułowana została propozycja ujmowania prawnej kategorii godności człowieka w dwojaki sposób: jako godności ontycznej oraz jako godności ujmowanej w sensie materialnoprawnym.
Status osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi w regulacjach prawa administracyjnego
Authors: Żukowski Lech J.
Published: December 2023

W tekście podjęto próbę opisu zagadnienia statusu osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi, który nabywany jest na mocy norm prawa administracyjnego w drodze właściwej procedury administracyjnej. Status ten ma cechy tzw. statusu formalnego, z uwagi na kwestie proceduralne. Za reprezentatywny przykład nabycia statusu osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi uznano posiadanie przez osobę (co najmniej) jednej z dwóch grup orzeczeń: tj. o niepełnosprawności lub niezdolności do pracy. Możliwość wyszczególnienia pojęcia formalnego statusu osoby z zaburzeniami psychicznymi zdecydowanie zwiększa zakres ochrony podstawowych wartości dla prawa administracyjnego do jakich zalicza się zdrowie, życie i godność ludzką. Dla uzyskania założonych celów w opracowaniu posłużono się metodologią dogmatyczno-prawną.
El agrohidronegocio en la región chaqueña argentina (Salta, Santiago del Estero y Córdoba)
Authors: Toledo-López Virginia Belén , Schmidt Mariana Andrea , Ayrala Quiroga Marina
Published: December 2023

En Argentina las provincias de Córdoba, Salta y Santiago del Estero se constituyen en casos de gran significancia en el contexto del avance del agronegocio, en virtud de la enorme pérdida de biodiversidad, la recurrente conflictividad territorial protagonizada por pueblos indígenas y campesinos y, más recientemente, contra el uso de agrotóxicos y sus consecuencias en la salud humana y no humana. El artículo se propone poner de relieve la dimensión hídrica involucrada en el modelo de agricultura hegemónico y visibilizar la construcción de alternativas que emergen en los territorios bajo estudio. A tal fin, abordamos las principales irrupciones del agrohidronegocio en la trama de la vida chaqueña, atendiendo a sus consecuencias territoriales, ambientales y sanitarias; para luego detenernos en un análisis de las principales formas que asumen las resistencias y las re-existencias. La propuesta metodológica se centra en un trabajo simultáneo con distintas técnicas de construcción y procesamiento de la información, tales como: sistematización y análisis de múltiples fuentes secundarias (periodísticas, estadísticas, legislaciones, informes de organismos estatales y/o privados, entre otras), junto con registros de campo y entrevistas en profundidad.
Hacia la Reforma Agraria Popular en Paraguay
Authors: Setrini Gustavo
Published: December 2023

Uno de los principales acontecimientos políticos del siglo XX para América Latina fue la reforma agraria. Las políticas que se aplicaron en nombre de ella y las diversas comprensiones sobre el problema agrario desplegaron desde diferentes actores propuestas de soluciones. Las reformas agrarias fueron definidas como las políticas de distribución de tierras llevadas a cabo principalmente por la vía de la expropiación o con la asistencia del mercado. Las transformaciones económicas y políticas de recientes décadas ponen a actores sociales aglutinados en la Vía Campesina a replantearse la definición de la reforma agraria. ¿Cuál es la reforma agraria que se necesita actualmente, en qué se diferencia de las anteriores y qué políticas productivas y comerciales serán necesarias para su efectiva realización? Este artículo, luego de identificar la Reforma Agraria Popular como la respuesta del movimiento internacional Vía Campesina a las problemáticas agrarias actuales, concluye que las políticas de planificación del sistema agroalimentario, especialmente de sus eslabones productivos y comerciales, son fundamentales para la realización de la reforma agraria popular.
Tierra, trabajo y reciprocidad
Authors: Ramirez Delia Concepción
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo es una sistematización de la experiencia de una organización emblemática para los productores familiares del Alto Paraná misionero: Productores Independientes de Piray (PIP), en la Unión de Trabajadores de la Tierra (UTT). El análisis se ha realizado considerando dos dimensiones articuladas a) las acciones colectivas organizativas vinculadas a las condiciones de posibilidad, que a su vez están permeadas por influencias coyunturales, y b) las trayectorias y biografías de actores individuales que dan cuenta de la historia local del territorio. Esta articulación ha permitido analizar las prácticas políticas imbricadas en las estrategias de reproducción social. Esta sistematización surge de la necesidad de reconstruir una historia local a partir de las reflexiones en el marco de la implicación etnográfica. El principal aporte del texto radica en la identificación de las reciprocidades establecidas alrededor de la vecindad y el parentesco, sin las cuales no podría comprenderse la acción política de los productores organizados, ni la subsistencia de la población local.
Líneas celulares de dípteros: características, aplicaciones y aportes desde Colombia
Authors: Jiménez Camacho Ingrid Dayana , Losada Monica , Rangel Hector , Rodriguez Anny Karely , Muñoz Ana Luisa , Bello Felio Jesus , Segura Guerrero Nidya Alexandra
Published: December 2023

Los cultivos celulares son una herramienta que permite el mantenimiento de células in vitro conservando al máximo sus características fisiológicas, bioquímicas y genéticas, los cuales pueden presentar propiedades muy diversas dependiendo de la especie, tejido de origen y el medio de cultivo empleado. El uso de cultivos celulares de dípteros constituye una metodología valiosa en diferentes disciplinas, tales como fisiología, genética, bioquímica y patología; así, por ejemplo, se han podido estudiar diversas enfermedades tanto de interés en medicina humana como en veterinaria. En la presente revisión se presenta información de múltiples líneas celulares del orden Diptera, las cuales se han empleado para llevar a cabo estudios de interacción célula a célula, flujo intracelular de metabolitos, producción de bioinsecticidas, amplificación viral y producción de péptidos antimicrobiano. En Colombia, se han establecido 12 líneas celulares de dípteros las cuales fueron caracterizadas y estandarizadas, algunas de ellas se han empleado como sustratos en estudios del ciclo biológico de parásitos del género Leishmania, también, en la evaluación a la susceptibilidad de arbovirus. En esta tendencia, se analiza y discute la información de las líneas celulares derivadas de dípteros con el fin de realizar el presente trabajo de revisión sobre sus características y aplicaciones.
Nombramientos de preceptores rurales en el Paraguay de posguerra (1880-1886)
Authors: García Riart Jorge
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Identificar los nombramientos de preceptores y preceptoras rurales en un pueblo del interior en el Paraguay entre 1880 y 1886, veinte años después de la Guerra contra la Triple Alianza.
Originalidad/aporte: Profundizar en el conocimiento de la restauración de la educación pública durante el periodo de 1880 y 1886, así como en la reorganización política del Paraguay.
Método: Se adopta el enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo e inductivo para estudiar los nombramientos de preceptores y preceptoras en un pueblo rural del Paraguay, Villa Florida, y formular conclusiones generales sobre la reorganización política y la enseñanza pública.
Estrategias/recolección de información: Se revisan fuentes manuscritas como los decretos de nombramientos en los Registros Oficiales Públicos y en la Sección Educación-Ministerio de Justicia del Archivo Nacional de Asunción, y algunas fuentes secundarias. A partir de ellas se cuantifica la creación de escuelas rurales, sean éstas de 1.a, 2.a o 3.a clase, y, luego, se configura una relación de designaciones de preceptores y preceptoras en coincidencia con la de jefes políticos y jueces de paz, entre 1880 y 1886.
Conclusión: La lista de nombramientos de preceptores y preceptoras concatenada con la de jefes políticos y jueces de paz demuestra –mediante acomodamientos personales y familiares– la formación de una nueva burocracia institucional que sustenta la preeminencia de la reorganización política por sobre la reorganización de la enseñanza pública que sucedió en la segunda década de posguerra en el Paraguay.