bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon and Stable Carbon Isotope Constraints on the Propagation of Vent CO2 to Fluid in the Acidic Kueishantao Shallow Water Hydrothermal System
Authors: Wang Shing‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Shih , Burr George S. , Wang Pei‐Ling , Lin Li‐Hung
Published: September 2022

We report radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope measurements from vent gas (CO2(g)), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and particulate organic carbon (POC), from two vents of the Kueishantao (KST) shallow‐water hydrothermal system, offshore northeast Taiwan. The purpose of this research is to investigate how magmatic‐sourced carbon enters various carbon pools in the hydrothermal system. We utilize a precipitation method to eliminate sulfur compounds from CO2 samples to facilitate Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) analysis, and evaluate radiocarbon background levels during processing to characterize hydrothermal‐sourced CO2 that contains negligible radiocarbon. The result shows that both CO2(g) and DIC in the fluids below two vent orifices fall within a narrow range of fraction of modern carbon (F14C) from 0.013 to 0.136 and δ13C from −8.3‰ to −5.1‰. The F14C values correspond to approximately 90% magmatic‐sourced carbon in CO2(g) and DIC. A combination of equilibrium and kinetic isotopic fractionation can adequately explain relatively high CO2(g) δ13C to DIC, beneath vent orifices. Above the vent orifices, DIC becomes enriched in both 14C and 13C as a result of physical mixing with ambient seawater. POC F14C values confirm a significant magmatic carbon contribution into the POC pool within the KST system, with rapid hydrothermal circulation. Our results identify the physiochemical processes responsible for magmatic carbon migration from CO2(g) into the DIC pool, and demonstrate how a dual carbon isotope approach can serve as an effective tool in understanding carbon flow in high temperature‐low pH hydrothermal systems.
Observed Changes in Daily Precipitation Intensity in the United States
Authors: Harp Ryan D. , Horton Daniel E.
Published: September 2022

The characterization of changes over the full distribution of precipitation intensities remains an overlooked and underexplored subject, despite their critical importance to hazard assessments and water resource management. Here, we aggregate daily in situ Global Historical Climatology Network precipitation observations within 17 internally consistent domains in the United States for two time periods (1951–1980 and 1991–2020). We find statistically significant changes in wet day precipitation distributions in all domains—changes primarily driven by a shift from lower to higher wet day intensities. Patterns of robust change are geographically consistent, with increases in the mean (4.5%–5.7%) and standard deviation (4.4%–8.7%) of wet day intensity in the eastern U.S., but mixed signals in the western U.S. Beyond their critical importance to the aforementioned impact assessments, these observational results can also inform climate model performance evaluations.
New Early Permian Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Data From the Xilinhot–Songliao Block and Their Implications for the Relationship Between the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Ren Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Hou Mingcai , Wu Huaichun , Yang Tianshui , Li Haiyan , Chen Anqing
Published: September 2022

The paleogeographic position of the Xilinhot–Songliao Block (XSB) is crucial to understand the spatiotemporal relationship between the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) and East Paleo‐Tethys Ocean (EPTO) tectonic domains. However, the lack of robust early Permian paleomagnetic data in the XSB has led to uncertainty in its paleogeographic position. Here, we report a well‐dated (286.1–281.25 Ma) paleomagnetic pole (38.4°N/17.6°E, A95 = 4.0°) from andesites of the Dashizhai Formation in the XSB. We combined our paleomagnetic data with available geological and paleontological data to reconstruct the paleogeographic relationship between the PAO and EPTO. The XSB was located on the northern margin of the EPTO at ∼285 Ma, suggesting that the northern boundary of the EPTO tectonic domain extended to the southern margin of the XSB, the Hegenshan Ocean (between the XSB and the Mongolia Block) corresponds to the eastern PAO, and the XSB separated the eastern PAO and EPTO at ∼285 Ma.
Revisiting Cloud Radiative Heating and the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Wall Casey J. , Lutsko Nicholas J. , Vishny David N.
Published: September 2022

Cloud‐circulation interactions have a potentially large but uncertain influence on regional climate. Here we use satellite observations to investigate relationships between atmospheric cloud radiative heating and hemispheric‐scale shifts in the Southern Hemisphere extratropical jet stream, as represented by the Southern Annular Mode. In contrast to a previous study, we find that poleward jet shifts cause bottom‐heavy heating anomalies. The heating anomalies arise from two distinct mechanisms: First, poleward jet shifts promote anomalous large‐scale subsidence equatorward of the mean jet latitude. This increases the fraction of low clouds that are exposed to space, thereby enhancing lower‐tropospheric radiative cooling. Second, deep and multi‐layer clouds in extratropical cyclones shift poleward with the jet, causing radiative heating anomalies throughout the troposphere. The bottom‐heavy structure of the heating anomalies occurs because low clouds strongly emit radiation. These results establish new observational benchmarks for understanding extratropical cloud‐circulation interactions.
Causes of Missing Snowmelt Following Drought
Authors: Lapides Dana A. , Hahm W. Jesse , Rempe Daniella M. , Whiting John , Dralle David N.
Published: September 2022

Water management in snowy mountainous regions hinges on forecasting snowmelt runoff. However, droughts are altering snowpack‐runoff relationships with ongoing debate about the driving mechanisms. For example, in 2021 in California, less than half of predicted streamflow arrived. Mechanisms proposed for this “missing” streamflow included changes in evapotranspiration (ET), rainfall, and subsurface moisture conditions. Here, we demonstrate thatETin drought years generates dry subsurface conditions that reduce runoff in subsequent years. A model including this legacy of depleted moisture storage reduced median error in 2021 forecasts from 60% to 20% at 15 minimally disturbed basins and from 18% to 2% at 6 water supply basins in the Sierra Nevada (basins range in area from 5 to 23,051 km2and mean annual precipitation from 814 to 1,549 mm). Our findings indicate that the relationship between snowpack and runoff will evolve as plant ecosystems respond to climate change and alter subsurface water storage dynamics.
Mineralogy of a Possible Ancient Lakeshore in the Sutton Island Member of Mt. Sharp, Gale Crater, Mars, From Mastcam Multispectral Images
Authors: Haber James T. , Horgan Briony , Fraeman Abigail A. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Bell Jim F. , Rice Melissa S. , Seeger Christina , Mangold Nicolas , Thompson Lucy , Wellington Danika , Cloutis Ed , Jacob Samantha
Published: September 2022

The Curiosity rover on the Mars Science Laboratory mission has found extensive evidence that Gale crater once hosted a habitable lacustrine environment; however, there are remaining questions about the chemistry and duration of the lake and the nature of the climate at the time. In this study, we use Mastcam multispectral data to investigate the mineralogy of the Sutton Island member of the Murray formation, a part of the basal layers of Mt. Sharp, which consists of heterolithic mudstone and sandstone that are distinct from the finely laminated mudstones that dominate much of the Murray. Sutton Island includes at least one instance of desiccation cracks, indicative of subaerial exposure, and uniquely irregular diagenetic features that may be related to local bedrock permeability. These features suggest that Sutton Island experienced a complex history of deposition and diagenesis which may be crucial for understanding changing water‐rock interactions within Gale. We find that most Mastcam bedrock spectra in this region lack the absorptions associated with hematite found throughout the Murray, and instead show deeper absorptions shifted toward longer wavelengths that are more consistent with Fe‐smectites such as nontronite. Elemental chemistry from ChemCam supports this interpretation, as SiO, MgO, Li, and the chemical index of alteration are elevated in this region. Combined with observations of bedrock sedimentology, this suggests that Sutton Island was deposited in a nearshore or low stand environment, and we hypothesize that the clay minerals were produced in this region due to sub‐aerial exposure and weathering in a semi‐arid climate.
Circ_CEA promotes the interaction between the p53 and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 as a scaffold to inhibit the apoptosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xiaojing , Du Kaining , Zhu Xiaohui , Chang Shanshan , Chen Yang , Xu Yidan , Sun Jiachun , Luo Xiaonuan , Deng Shiqi , Qin Ying , Feng Xianling , Wei Yanjie , Fan Xinmin , Liu Ziyang , Zheng Baixin , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane , Li Song , Xie Xiaoxun , Jin Zhe , Peng Yin
Published: September 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play essential roles in tumorigenesis and progression. This study aimed to identify dysregulated circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) and investigate the functions and underlying mechanism of these circRNAs in GC development. Here, we identify circ_CEA, a circRNA derived from the back-splicing of CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEA) gene, as a novel oncogenic driver of GC. Circ_CEA is significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Circ_CEA knockdown suppresses GC progression, and enhances stress-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_CEA interacts with p53 and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 (CDK1) proteins. It serves as a scaffold to enhance the association between p53 and CDK1. As a result, circ_CEA promotes CDK1-mediated p53 phosphorylation at Ser315, then decreases p53 nuclear retention and suppresses its activity, leading to the downregulation of p53 target genes associated with apoptosis. These findings suggest that circ_CEA protects GC cells from stress-induced apoptosis, via acting as a protein scaffold and interacting with p53 and CDK1 proteins. Combinational therapy of targeting circ_CEA and chemo-drug caused more cell apoptosis, decreased tumor volume and alleviated side effect induced by chemo-drug. Therefore, targeting circ_CEA might present a novel treatment strategy for GC.
SFRP4+ stromal cell subpopulation with IGF1 signaling in human endometrial regeneration
Authors: Wu Bingbing , Li Yu , Nie Nanfang , Shen Xilin , Jiang Wei , Liu Yanshan , Gong Lin , An Chengrui , Zhao Kun , Yao Xudong , Yuan Chunhui , Hu Jinghui , Zhao Wei , Qian Jianhua , Zou XiaoHui
Published: September 2022

Our understanding of full-thickness endometrial regeneration after injury is limited by an incomplete molecular characterization of the cell populations responsible for the organ functions. To help fill this knowledge gap, we characterized 10,551 cells of full-thickness normal human uterine from two menstrual phases (proliferative and secretory phase) using unbiased single cell RNA-sequencing. We dissected cell heterogeneity of main cell types (epithelial, stromal, endothelial, and immune cells) of the full thickness uterine tissues, cell population architectures of human uterus cells across the menstrual cycle. We identified an SFRP4+ stromal cell subpopulation that was highly enriched in the regenerative stage of the human endometria during the menstrual cycle, and the SFRP4+ stromal cells could significantly enhance the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial organoid in vitro, and promote the regeneration of endometrial epithelial glands and full-thickness endometrial injury through IGF1 signaling pathway in vivo. Our cell atlas of full-thickness uterine tissues revealed the cellular heterogeneities, cell population architectures, and their cell–cell communications during the monthly regeneration of the human endometria, which provide insight into the biology of human endometrial regeneration and the development of regenerative medicine treatments against endometrial damage and intrauterine adhesion.
Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity
Authors: Barradas Marta , Plaza Adrián , Colmenarejo Gonzalo , Lázaro Iolanda , Costa-Machado Luis Filipe , Martín-Hernández Roberto , Micó Victor , López-Aceituno José Luis , Herranz Jesús , Pantoja Cristina , Tejero Hector , Diaz-Ruiz Alberto , Al-Shahrour Fatima , Daimiel Lidia , Loria-Kohen Viviana , Ramirez de Molina Ana , Efeyan Alejo , Serrano Manuel , Pozo Oscar J. , Sala-Vila Aleix , Fernandez-Marcos Pablo J.
Published: September 2022

Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity.
Photocatalytic glucose depletion and hydrogen generation for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Chen Shengqiang , Zhu Yanxia , Xu Qingqing , Jiang Qi , Chen Danyang , Chen Ting , Xu Xishen , Jin Zhaokui , He Qianjun
Published: September 2022

High-glucose microenvironment in the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) causes excessive glycation and induces chronic inflammation, leading to the difficulty of DFU healing. Hydrogen-rich water bath can promote the healing of DFU in clinic by virtue of the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen molecules, but the long-term daily soaking counts against the formation of a scab and cannot change the high-glucose microenvironment, limiting the outcome of DFU therapy. In this work, photocatalytic therapy of diabetic wound is proposed for sustainable hydrogen generation and local glucose depletion by utilizing glucose in the high-glucose microenvironment as a sacrificial agent. Hydrogen-incorporated titanium oxide nanorods are developed to realize efficient visible light (VIS)-responsive photocatalysis for glucose depletion and hydrogen generation, achieving a high efficacy of diabetic wound healing. Mechanistically, local glucose depletion and hydrogen generation jointly attenuate the apoptosis of skin cells and promote their proliferation and migration by inhibiting the synthesis of advanced glycation end products and the expression of their receptors, respectively. The proposed VIS-photocatalytic strategy provides a solution for facile, safe and efficient treatment of DFU.
Association of human gut microbiota composition and metabolic functions with Ficus hirta Vahl dietary supplementation
Authors: Xiao Ruiming , Luo Guangjuan , Liao Wanci , Chen Shuting , Han Shuangyan , Liang Shuli , Lin Ying
Published: September 2022

Ficus hirta Vahl (FHV), a traditional herbal ingredient of the tonic diet, receives increasing popularity in southern China. However, it is largely unknown that how a FHV diet (FHVD) affects the human gut microbiome. In this exploratory study, a total of 43 healthy individuals were randomized into the FHVD (n = 25) and Control (n = 18) groups to receive diet intervention for 8 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and metabolic profile of participants were measured to assess the association between FHV diet and gut microbiome. A preservation effect of Faecalibacterium and enrichment of Dialister, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Lachnospiraceae were found during the FHVD. Accordingly, the pathway of amino acid synthesis, citrate cycle, coenzyme synthesis, and partial B vitamin synthesis were found to be more abundant in the FHVD. In addition, serine, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, tryptamine, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were higher after the FHVD. The conjoint analysis of FHV components and in-vitro fermentation confirmed that the improved SCFAs concentration was collectively contributed by the increasing abundance of key enzyme genes and available substrates. In conclusion, the muti-omics analysis showed that the FHVD optimized the structure of the gut microbial community and its metabolic profile, leading to a healthy tendency, with a small cluster of bacteria driving the variation rather than a single taxon.
Detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater and their correlation with circulating variants in the communities
Authors: Li Lin , Uppal Timsy , Hartley Paul D. , Gorzalski Andrew , Pandori Mark , Picker Michael A. , Verma Subhash C. , Pagilla Krishna
Published: September 2022

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater has been highly informative in estimating the approximate number of infected individuals in the surrounding communities. Recent developments in wastewater monitoring to determine community prevalence of COVID-19 further extends into identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants, including those being monitored for having enhanced transmissibility. We sequenced genomic RNA derived from wastewater to determine the variants of coronaviruses circulating in the communities. Wastewater samples were collected from Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility (TMWRF) from November 2020 to June 2021. SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from wastewater were compared with the variants detected in infected individuals' clinical specimens (nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs) during the same period and found conclusively in agreement. Therefore, wastewater monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 variants in the community is a feasible strategy as a complementary tool to clinical specimen testing in the latter's absence.
Analysis of anthropometrics and mechanomyography signals as forearm flexion, pronation and supination torque predictors
Authors: Talib Irsa , Sundaraj Kenneth , Hussain Jawad , Lam Chee Kiang , Ahmad Zeshan
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to analyze anthropometrics and mechanomyography (MMG) signals as forearm flexion, pronation, and supination torque predictors. 25 young, healthy, male participants performed isometric forearm flexion, pronation, and supination tasks from 20 to 100% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) while maintaining 90° at the elbow joint. Nine anthropometric measures were recorded, and MMG signals from the biceps brachii (BB), brachialis (BRA), and brachioradialis (BRD) muscles were digitally acquired using triaxial accelerometers. These were then correlated with torque values. Significant positive correlations were found for arm circumference (CA) and MMG root mean square (RMS) values with flexion torque. Flexion torque might be predicted using CA (r = 0.426–0.575), a pseudo for muscle size while MMGRMS (r = 0.441), an indication of muscle activation.
A 92 protein inflammation panel performed on sonicate fluid differentiates periprosthetic joint infection from non-infectious causes of arthroplasty failure
Authors: Fisher Cody R. , Salmons Harold I. , Mandrekar Jay , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Abdel Matthew P. , Patel Robin
Published: September 2022

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major complication of total joint arthroplasty, typically necessitating surgical intervention and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Currently, there is no perfect assay for PJI diagnosis. Proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid has the potential to differentiate PJI from non-infectious arthroplasty failure (NIAF) and possibly clinical subsets of PJI and/or NIAF. In this study, 200 sonicate fluid samples, including 90 from subjects with NIAF (23 aseptic loosening, 35 instability, 10 stiffness, five osteolysis, and 17 other) and 110 from subjects with PJI (40 Staphylococcus aureus, 40 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 10 Staphylococcus lugdunensis, 10 Streptococcus agalactiae, and 10 Enterococcus faecalis) were analyzed by proximity extension assay using the 92 protein Inflammation Panel from Olink Proteomics. Thirty-seven of the 92 proteins examined, including CCL20, OSM, EN-RAGE, IL8, and IL6, were differentially expressed in PJI versus NIAF sonicate fluid samples, with none of the 92 proteins differentially expressed between staphylococcal versus non-staphylococcal PJI, nor between the different types of NIAF studied. IL-17A and CCL11 were differentially expressed between PJI caused by different bacterial species, with IL-17A detected at higher levels in S. aureus compared to S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis PJI, and CCL11 detected at higher levels in S. epidermidis compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae PJI. Receiver operative characteristic curve analysis identified individual proteins and combinations of proteins that could differentiate PJI from NIAF. Overall, proteomic profiling using this small protein panel was able to differentiate between PJI and NIAF sonicate samples and provide a better understanding of the immune response during arthroplasty failure.
Feed utilization efficiency and ruminal metabolites in beef cattle fed with cassava pulp fermented yeast waste replacement soybean meal
Authors: Dagaew Gamonmas , Wongtangtintharn Sawitree , Suntara Chanon , Prachumchai Rittikeard , Wanapat Metha , Cherdthong Anusorn
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to see how substituting cassava pulp fermented yeast waste (CSYW) for soybean meal (SBM) in a concentrate affected feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. In this study, four male Thai native beef cattle with an average age of 15.0 ± 25.0 months and body weights of 140 ± 5.0 kg were used. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin squared design, with dietary treatments of CSYW replacing SBM at 0, 33, 67, and 100% in the concentrate mixture. It was discovered that the presence of CSYW had no negative impact on feed intake, nutritional intake, or apparent digestibility (p > 0.05). CSYW had no significant effects on ruminal pH or temperature (p > 0.05). When the amount of CSYW in the diet increased, the rumen ammonia–nitrogen concentration increased (p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was not affected by CSYW (p > 0.05). The total bacterial population increased when the diet's CSYW amount was increased (p < 0.05). Feeding CSYW to beef cattle had no influence on total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid (C2), or butyric acid (C4) proportions (p > 0.05). The concentration of propionic acid (C3) and the C2:C3 ratio increased when the amount of CSYW in the diet was increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CSYW can completely replace SBM in a concentrate diet for beef cattle with no adverse effects on feed utilization or rumen fermentation while the total bacterial population and C3 concentration increase.
Perceptions of social rigidity predict loneliness across the Japanese population
Authors: Badman Ryan P. , Nordström Robert , Ueda Michiko , Akaishi Rei
Published: September 2022

Loneliness is associated with mental and physical health problems and elevated suicide risk, and is increasingly widespread in modern societies. However, identifying the primary factors underlying loneliness remains a major public health challenge. Historically, loneliness was thought to result from a lack of high-quality social connections, but broader cultural factors (e.g. social norms) are increasingly recognized to also influence loneliness. Here, we used a large-scale survey (N = 4977) to assess to what degree the loneliness epidemic in Japan is associated with traditional measures of social isolation (number of close friends), cultural factors (perceptions of social rigidity, as measured by relational mobility), and socioeconomic factors (e.g. income). We confirmed that a lack of close friends is a dominant factor underlying loneliness in Japan. We also found that perceptions of the social rigidity in one’s environment was a major correlate of loneliness. Subjects who perceived lower levels of rigidity in their social environments felt significantly less lonely than those who perceived higher levels of social rigidity, though the association was weak in low income males. Thus, Japanese society and other high social rigidity cultures may need to reflect on the possibility that inflexible traditional norms of socialization are exacerbating loneliness.
Sea urchin-like Bi2S3/curcumin heterojunction rapidly kills bacteria and promotes wound healing under near-infrared light
Authors: Wan Danya , Liu Xiangmei , Sun Wenchan , Qiao Yuqian , Chen Da-fu , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin
Published: September 2022

Bi2S3/Cur photocatalysis and photothermal synergistic bactericidal effect under 808 nm near infrared light.
Inherently chiral helicene-substituted thioalkyl porphyrazine complexes: synthesis and electronic and chiroptical properties
Authors: Belviso Sandra , Marsico Giulia , Franzini Roberta , Villani Claudio , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna
Published: September 2022

Chiral helicene-substituted porphyrazine metal complexes display HOMO–LUMO charge-transfer transitions from helicenes to macrocycles, being mono-substituted push–pull systems. The absolute configuration of enantiomers is established by ECD computations.
Diazo compounds and palladium–aryl complexes: trapping the elusive carbene migratory insertion organometallic products
Authors: Villalba Francisco , Albéniz Ana C.
Published: September 2022

Caught right after migratory insertion of a non-stabilized carbene into a Pd–Ar bond. The new allylic and benzylic palladium complexes model key intermediates in Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions of diazoalkanes.
Alkyne–alkenyl coupling at a diruthenium complex
Authors: Bresciani Giulio , Boni Serena , Zacchini Stefano , Pampaloni Guido , Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio
Published: September 2022

Two types of uncommon hydrocarbyl ligands are built on a diruthenium scaffold via the room temperature coupling of a bridging alkenyl with a series of alkynes.
Evolution of India's PM2.5 pollution between 1998 and 2020 using global reanalysis fields coupled with satellite observations and fuel consumption patterns
Authors: Guttikunda Sarath , KA Nishadh
Published: September 2022

Between 1998 and 2020, based on reanalysis data, India's annual average PM2.5 values steadily increased, and the combustion of coal, petrol, diesel, gas, biomass, and waste and resuspended dust are responsible for 81% of the problem.
Ultrathin CdS@BDC nanosheets derived from 2D metal–organic frameworks for enhanced photoinduced-stability and photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Huaqiang , Gao Yihong , Fang Hao , Chen Peiyu , Huang Fangzhi
Published: September 2022

Ultrathin CdS@BDC nanosheets derived from 2D metal–organic frameworks exhibit super-strong photocorrosion resistance and superior photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
Stable water-floating transistor with recyclability
Authors: Yu Ilhwan , Quyen Vu Thi , Ko Jaehyoung , Lee Dong Su , Jeon Dae-Young , Joo Yongho
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a breakthrough construction of a truly ecofriendly, substrate-free, all-component recyclable water-floating gate transistor (WFGT), where pure water works as a dielectric layer and s-SWCNTs as a semiconducting medium.
Nickel-catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl/alkenyl halides with alkyl isocyanides
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Zhang Zhiguo , Hu Yuanyuan , Liu Yunkui , Jin Hongwei , Zhou Bingwei
Published: September 2022

In this text, we describe a nickel-catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl/alkenyl halides with isocyanides, affording nitriles in moderate to good yields with a broad functional group tolerance.
Vancomycin mimicry: towards new supramolecular antibiotics
Authors: Flint Alister J. , Davis Anthony P.
Published: September 2022

Efforts to bind C-terminal d-Ala–d-Ala, mimicking the action of vancomycin, could lead to valuable new antibiotics with prolonged clinical effectiveness.
Ultra-low Ru doped MOF-derived hollow nanorods for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Wang Cheng , Zhou Zhengming , Ye Changqing , Yu Rui , Wang Caiqin , Du Yukou
Published: September 2022

Facile reduction and doping methods have been proposed for the synthesis of Ru@CoFe/D-MOFs with enhanced conductivity, increased active sites and optimized electronic structures for efficient water splitting.
A supramolecular nanotube used as a water-degradable template for the production of protein nanotubes with high thermal/chemical stabilities
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Ding Wuxiao
Published: September 2022

Adsorption and polymerization of proteins on a supramolecular nanotube template, followed by water degradation of the template-produced protein nanotubes with high thermal/chemical stabilities.
Synthesis of difluoromethyl carbinols from the Friedel–Crafts reaction of electron-rich arenes with difluorovinyl arylsulfonates
Authors: Cai Xiaojia , Xu Jinyuan , Cui Xueli , Qu Jing , Sun Weiqiang , Hu Jinhui , Zhao Shuwen , Chen Wen-Hua , Li Hongliang , Wu Jia-Qiang
Published: September 2022

An efficient, sustainable and straightforward method is reported for the synthesis of a series of α,α-difluoromethyl carbinols via K2CO3-triggered Friedel–Crafts reaction of electron-rich arenes using the stable and easily affordable 2,2-difluorovinyl arylsulfonate.
Dual reactivity disulfide bridging reagents; enabling new approaches to antibody fragment bioconjugation
Authors: Chrzastek Alina , Thanasi Ioanna A. , Irving James A. , Chudasama Vijay , Baker James R.
Published: September 2022

Here we describe the first examples of a new class of disulfide bridging reagents, designed to insert a ‘stable-labile’ linkage; which can then be exploited to generate dual functional antibody fragment conjugates.
A novel Si@C structure interwoven with Si composite nanowires catalyzed by Cu nano particles and its performances as an anode for LIBs
Authors: Chen Si , Zheng Songsheng , Zhang Yehan , Wen Shuqing , Zheng Leiming , Wang Zhaolin
Published: September 2022

A novel Si@C structure interwoven with Si composite nanowires was synthesized under the catalysis of copper (Cu) nanoparticles, which could achieve a high electrochemical performance as anode materials for LiBs.
Highly efficient multifunctional frosted luminescent solar concentrators with zero-energy nightscape lighting
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zheng Zida , Cao Xiudong , Gu Gangwei , Gan Zhixing , Huang Rui , Guo Yanqing , Hou Dejian , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: September 2022

Frosted luminescent solar concentrators exhibit potential as both deployed power-generating and persistent luminescence devices to replace commercial frosted glass.
Charged cyclodextrin membranes for precise molecular sieving
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Tao , Bao Chunyang , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Jingyu , Peng Bin , Luo Xinzhao , Wang Bingyu , Luo Chao , Wang Yijun , Wang Kesai , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2022

The charged CD-based membrane can precisely discriminate molecules with different charges, molecular weights, or shapes, which was determined by the inner cavities of CDs, outer spaces between CDs, and quaternary ammonium groups of the CD network.
CoFe alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in a 3D honeycomb-like N-doped graphitic carbon framework for photocatalytic CO2reduction
Authors: He Lang , Zhang Wenyuan , Lv Fei , Kong Xirui , Zheng Yayun , Song Yi , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2022

CoFe alloy nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like porous N-doped graphitic carbon (CoFe/N-GC) framework were fabricated by a facile polymer thermal treatment method.
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Gu Hongfei , Chen Wenxing , Li Xinyuan
Published: September 2022

The current breakthroughs in designing atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the electrochemical N2reduction reaction are summarized from both experimental and theoretical points of view. The outstanding performances of these catalysts are emphasized.
Chemical–physical synergistic etching enabling deep reconstruction of NiFe Prussian blue analogue for efficient oxygen evolution reaction and Zn–air batteries
Authors: Qiu Luchun , Wang Qi , Yan Ping , Yu Xin-Yao
Published: September 2022

Chemical–physical synergistic etching enables the deep reconstruction of NiFe PBA into NiOOH/FeOOH nanoboxes, exhibiting superb OER performance. The NiOOH/FeOOH nanoboxes-based ZABs deliver excellent electrochemical performance.
Freezing-triggered gelation of quaternized chitosan reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose for highly efficient removal of bilirubin
Authors: Bao Chunxiu , Zhang Xufeng , Shen Jing , Li Changjing , Zhang Jinmeng , Feng Xiyun
Published: September 2022

A freezing-triggered gelation strategy was developed to fabricate robust QCS/MFC cryogels for efficient removal of bilirubin.
Multifunctional nanoreactors with nutrient consumption and ROS generation capabilities for antibacterial and skin repair
Authors: Yang Han , Gu Xiang , Li Yan , Zhang Ke , Liu Xihong , Huang Chengyao , Ren Yu , Qi Chao , Cai Kaiyong
Published: September 2022

A multifunctional nanoreactor (GOx@Cu-ZIF-8) with nutrient consumption, reactive oxygen species generation, and angiogenesis capabilities was constructed by the encapsulation of GOx into Cu2+-doped ZIF-8 for antibacterial and skin wound repair.
Low-temperature fabrication of Pr-doped In2O3 electrospun nanofibers for flexible field-effect transistors
Authors: Shi Wei , Peng Zefei , Chen Song , Yan Xueling , Xu Hua , Liu Lan
Published: September 2022

High-quality Pr-doped In2O3 (InPrO) nanofibers were fabricated by a combustion synthesis at a relatively low temperature (380 °C) and the InPrO based FET with high bending stability was successfully fabricated on the PI substrate.
Cas clinique : Lymphome digestif chez une ponette de 19 ans
Authors: Marie Amélie , Marano Ilaria
Published: September 2022

Le lymphome digestif représente une des formes sous lesquelles le lymphome peut se présenter chez les chevaux. Cette pathologie a été observée principalement chez les chevaux d’âge moyen à avancé, environ 16 ans. Les signes cliniques sont peu spécifiques, les plus fréquents étant la perte de poids, l’abattement, l’anorexie et la fièvre.

Différents examens complémentaires peuvent être réalisés afin de confirmer cette pathologie et en écarter d’autres qui peuvent avoir la même présentation, vu l’aspecificité des signes du lymphome digestif. Parmi ces examens, le vétérinaire peut réaliser les suivants : une analyse hématologique et biochimique complètes, une palpation rectale, une échographie abdominale et/ou transrectale, une gastroscopie, des biopsies rectales et/ou duodénales, une paracentèse abdominale et un test d’absorption di glucose.

Dans le cas de lymphome digestif, le pronostic est mauvais car la plupart des chevaux sont présentés dans un état avancé de la maladie.
Linear programming with a feasible direction interior point technique for smooth optimization
Authors: Victorio Celis Angélica Miluzca , Norman José Herskovits
Published: September 2022

We propose an adaptation of the Feasible Direction Interior Points Algorithm (FDIPA) of J. Herskovits, for solving large-scale linear programs. At each step, the solution of two linear systems with the same coefficient matrix is determined. This step involves a significant computational effort. Reducing the solution time of linear systems is, therefore, a way to improve the performance of the method. The linear systems to be solved are associated with definite positive symmetric matrices. Therefore, we use Split Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (SPCG) method to solve them, together with an Incomplete Cholesky preconditioner using Matlab’s ICHOL function. We also propose to use the first iteration of the conjugate gradient, and to presolve before applying the algorithm, in order to reduce the computational cost. Following, we then provide mathematica proof that show that the iterations approach Karush–Kuhn–Tucker points of the problem under reasonable assumptions. Finally, numerical evidence show that the method not only works in theory but is also competitive with more advanced methods.
Coupled complex boundary method for a geometric inverse source problem
Authors: Afraites Lekbir , Masnaoui Chorouk , Nachaoui Mourad
Published: September 2022

This work deals with a geometric inverse source problem. It consists in recovering the characteristic function of an unknown inclusion based on boundary measurements. We propose a new reconstruction method based on the CCBM and the shape gradient method, the inverse problem is formulated as a shape optimization one, corresponding to a coupled complex boundary state problem. Well posedness and existence results are presented. A computed expression for the shape gradient is used to implement a gradient algorithm. The efficiency and accuracy of the reconstruction algorithm are illustrated by some numerical results, and a comparison between CCBM, Least-squares and Kohn-Vogeluis methods is presented.
Flexible fractional transportation problem with multiple goals: a pentagonal fuzzy concept
Authors: Khan Mohd Arif , Haq Ahteshamul , Ahmed Aquil
Published: September 2022

We present the framework of the multiobjective fractional transportation problem in the form of pentagonal fuzzy supply and demand. The ideal transportation model is set up to match the decision makers’ preferences in competing for the criteria, and transportation costs, delivery time, degradation, environmental and social concerns are the objectives. We employed flexible fuzzy goal programming to handle the Model’s complexity to improve the reasonable compromise. The real-world problem of wind turbine blades is used to validate the superiority and effectiveness of the technique.
Pedaling cadence variability increases by worsening the bike fitting across most but not all workloads
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro , Tecchio Paolo , Cevese Antonio , Schena Federico , Tarperi Cantor
Published: September 2022

Cyclic motion variability reflects the movement error correction. Since movement motor control generally worsens with impaired biomechanical setups, we assessed whether the pedaling cadence variability (PCV) increases by worsening the bike fitting across multiple workloads. Sixteen cyclists performed multiple 5-min bouts of constant load cycling exercise at 0, 20, 40, 55, 70, 85% of their maximum workload (MWL) capacity at 60 rpm with proper (PROPER) and worsened (WORSENED; 15 cm saddle height drop) bike fittings. Cycle-by-cycle duration series were collected. PCV was calculated as the standard deviation of each series. In both PROPER and WORSENED, PCV showed a U-shaped feature by increasing workload (minimum PCV values at 55% MWL). PCV was higher in WORSENED than PROPER, except at 55% MWL (0% MWL: 36.69 ± 10.06 vs. 42.21 ± 11.3, p < 0.01; 55% MWL: 18.87 ± 3.51 vs. 19.74 ± 4.73, p = 0.3; 85% MWL: 34.93 ± 10.51 vs. 39.52 ± 11.84, p < 0.01; ms; PROPER vs. WORSENED, respectively). PCV seems to be a workload-dependent variable, being greater at low and high workloads. At intermediate workloads, the moderate force expression to continue the movement, along with the effect of the workload itself in counteracting the natural extension of the leg, might explain a lower need for continuous motion adjustments and, consequently, a lower PCV in both bike setups.
Apexthrombusdiagnostik in der Echokardiographie:
Kontrastmitteleinsparungen
Authors: Reinsperger Thomas
Published: September 2022

Ein dicht gedrängter Terminplan, ein stressiger Tag im
Echokardiographie-Labor. Eine verdächtige Struktur in der Herzspitze
macht eine Kontrastmittelgabe unausweichlich. Diese stellt trotz ihres niedrigen
Risikos einen Zeit-, Personal- und Kostenaufwand dar und darf erst nach
ärztlicher Anordnung durchgeführt werden. Der autonome
Untersuchungsablauf der Radiologietechnolog*innen ist gestört.
Der Schrei nach Alternativmethoden ist daher groß.
Im Schlafanzug Richtung Digitalisierung
Authors: Mauck Philip , Aral Manisa Güley
Published: September 2022

Digitalisierung und Covid. Zwei Begriffe, die sich nun seit mehr als 2 Jahren in Deutschland
schlecht voneinander trennen lassen. Die Pandemie hat zuweilen offengelegt, dass dieser
Bereich noch den ein oder anderen Nachholbedarf erfahren sollte. Nun stellt man sich aus
Sicht eines MTRA-Schülers 2022 die Frage, hat das geklappt?
Inflammatory Markers Differentiate Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis from Mimics
Authors: Ding Jiayue , Pan Liqun , Lan Duo , Chen Zhiying , Wang Zhongao , Zou Ming , Meng Ran
Published: September 2022

Imaging tests always misdiagnose anatomical variants of cerebral sinuses as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Anatomical variants of cerebral sinuses are called CVST mimics. This study aimed to identify the role of inflammatory markers in differentiating CVST from mimics. A total of 146 patients diagnosed as CVST and 93 patients with mimics were recruited in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of inflammatory markers for diagnosing CVST. Rank logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association of markers to CVST severity and prognosis. CVST presented higher inflammatory reactions compared with mimics, demonstrated by the neutrophil count (5.11 [3.97–6.80] vs. 3.06 [2.34–3.86]), interleukin (IL)-6 (7.42 [3.85–14.22] vs. 2.47 [1.50–4.00]), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; 3.19 [2.18–4.62] vs. 1.66 [1.16–2.22]). ROC analysis showed markers with area under the curve (AUC) >0.8, including IL-6 (optimal cutoff: 3.790; kappa value: 0.499), neutrophil count (3.975; 0.522), and NLR (2.070; 0.476). After propensity score matching, only IL-6 had an AUC >0.8, with an optimal cutoff of 3.060 and a kappa value of 0.636. Ranked logistic regression showed that IL-6 (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.063, 1.026–1.101; 1.029, 1.009–1.050), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin (Ig) A (0.279, 0.110–0.706; 0.398, 0.162–0.974), CSF IgM (22.399, 3.004–167.001; 9.545, 1.382–65.928), and CSF IgG (1.287, 1.124–1.473; 1.232, 1.091–1.392) were independently correlated with the baseline and follow-up mRS. In conclusion, inflammatory markers in CVST were different from those in mimics. These markers, especially IL-6, could not only differentiate CVST from its mimics, but also evaluate CVST severity and prognosis.
Chemical species: the art and politics of living with(out) drugs after addiction
Authors: Dennis Fay
Published: September 2022

We live within and are made up of ever-changing chemical flows. Witnessing a “chemical turn” in the social sciences, this article asks what a chemical reading of drugs and bodies can offer an understanding of drug dependency and recovery. Where chemicals render bodies “molecular” (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987), they open them up to more intimate forms of connection that extend our understanding of drug–body relationships beyond limiting categories such as addiction. Rather than a chemical drug entering a biological body, there are chemical interactions that expand the boundaries of where one ends and the other begins. While chemicals have long been a preoccupation in neurological models of addiction, they are seldom taken up in sociological studies of these concerns. Drawing on a series of body-mapping workshops with people in drug recovery/treatment in London, UK, to track these chemical bodies, this article explores the art of living a chemically transformed life. This is an art that thinks with Isabelle Stengers’ (in Stengers and Savransky, 2018) notion of the word to include “not paying attention” as a mode of “paying attention to what may lurk” in living with the ongoing effects of drugs in unequally entangled worlds.
Achieving low driving voltage and high-efficiency afterglow organic light-emitting diodes through host–guest doping
Authors: Xie Gaozhan , Wang Jiangchao , Xue Xudong , Li Hui , Guo Ningning , Li Huanhuan , Wang Danbei , Li Mingguang , Huang Wei , Chen Runfeng , Tao Ye
Published: September 2022

Achieving afterglow organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that exhibit the organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (OURTP) emission after switching off the applied voltage is highly attractive. However, it is difficult to obtain appropriate emitting layers that are of excellent charge transport ability and OURTP properties simultaneously to fabricate highly efficient afterglow OLEDs. Here, we report an easy but effective strategy to construct afterglow OLEDs via host–guest doping by adopting the excellent carrier transporting materials as rigid host and the commendable OURTP emitters as guest. The resultant green afterglow OLEDs exhibit the state-of-the-art maximum external quantum efficiency, luminance, and OURTP lifetimes of up to 1.47%, 743 cd m−2, and 356 ms, respectively, with the low turn-voltage of 4.4 V. Due to the inherent stable afterglow properties and outstanding carrier transport ability of the emitting layer, the OLEDs show admirable afterglow emission stability with the intensity and lifetimes keeping almost the same for more than ten repeated voltage pulses. The current work paves the way to develop highly efficient and stable afterglow OLEDs by host–guest doping.
Active mechanical metamaterial with embedded piezoelectric actuation
Authors: Saravana Jothi N. S. , Hunt A.
Published: September 2022

Metamaterials are artificially structured materials and exhibit properties that are uncommon or non-existent in nature. Mechanical metamaterials show exotic mechanical properties, such as negative stiffness, vanishing shear modulus, or negative Poisson’s ratio. These properties stem from the geometry and arrangement of the metamaterial unit elements and, therefore, cannot be altered after fabrication. Active mechanical metamaterials aim to overcome this limitation by embedding actuation into the metamaterial unit elements to alter the material properties or mechanical state. This could pave the way for a variety of applications in industries, such as aerospace, robotics, and high-tech engineering. This work proposes and studies an active mechanical metamaterial concept that can actively control the force and deformation distribution within its lattice. Individually controllable actuation units are designed based on piezostack actuators and compliant mechanisms and interconnected into an active metamaterial lattice. Both the actuation units and the metamaterial lattice are modeled, built, and experimentally studied. In experiments, the actuation units attained 240 and 1510 µm extensions, respectively, in quasi-static and resonant operation at 81 Hz, and 0.3 N blocked force at frequencies up to 100 Hz. Quasi-static experiments on the active metamaterial lattice prototype demonstrated morphing into four different configurations: Tilt left, tilt right, convex, and concave profiles. This demonstrated the feasibility of altering the force and deformation distribution within the mechanical metamaterial lattice. Much more research is expected to follow in this field since the actively tuneable mechanical state and properties can enable qualitatively new engineering solutions.