bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexural Strength of Various Provisional Restorative Materials for Rehabilitation After Aging
Authors: Juntavee Niwut , Juntavee Apa , Srisontisuk Supichaya
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Durability of provisional restoration is crucial for full‐mouth reconstruction, which may be influenced by aging. This study evaluated the effect of aging on the flexural strength of provisional materials for oral rehabilitation.

Materials and methods

Bar specimens (2×2×25 mm) were fabricated from CAD‐CAM [Vita CAD‐Temp® (VC), Telio®CAD (TC), artBloc® (RC)], autopolymerized [Protemp™IV (PA), Luxatemp® (LA), Unifast™Trad (UA)], and heat‐polymerized polymer [Major® C & B; (MH)]. Each was divided into aging (AG, 5000 thermocycles of 5°/55°C) and nonaging groups (NG, n = 15/group). Flexural strength (σ, MPa) was determined in a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. An analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were determined for significant difference (α = 0.05).

Results

TCNG indicated the highest mean of σ (133.49 ±4.32), whereas VCNG indicated the lowest mean of σ (84.62 ±3.73) for nonaging. Upon aging process, TCAG revealed the highest mean of σ (123.11 ±4.55), while VCAG possessed the lowest mean of σ (84.05 ±6.39). Significant differences among various provisional materials were indicated (p = 0.001). Aging significantly affected flexural strength (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The CAD‐CAM provisional material possessed higher flexural strength than heat‐polymerized PMMA and autopolymerized PMMA, which was suggested as a provisional material for rehabilitation. Aging reduced strength for all materials tested.
Patients' perspectives of fluid management: A multicentre comparative study of home and incentre haemodialysis
Authors: Glyde Megan , Sutherland Ed , Dye Louise , Mitra Sandip , Keane David
Published: May 2022

Background

There is increasing worldwide interest in person‐centred care in haemodialysis and home haemodialysis (HHD). Intradialytic fluid management is a vital component of haemodialysis, and often a shared decision, yet patients' perspectives and experience of related decisions are largely unexplored.

Objectives

To explore the perspectives of patients receiving home or incentre haemodialysis (IHD), in relation to intradialytic fluid management.

Design

A multicentre cross‐sectional survey.

Participants

Eight hundred and thirty‐nine patients receiving IHD and 99 patients receiving HHD, across six English renal units.

Measurements

Self‐reported measures of understanding, experiences and control of fluid management, and willingness to achieve target weight. An objective test of patients' ability to relate common signs and symptoms to fluid overload or excessive ultrafiltration.

Results

Patients receiving HHD had greater knowledge than those receiving IHD (66.1% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) about causes of common signs and symptoms which remained when controlling for age, education and years since beginning haemodialysis. Patients receiving HHD felt more in control of and had greater self‐reported adherence to fluid management (p < 0.01), yet knowledge gaps existed in both cohorts.

Conclusions

Greater patient knowledge and its practice in HHD may contribute to improved fluid balance and outcomes. Whilst patient selection may contribute towards these differences, the training patients receive when opting for HHD and subsequent experience are likely to be key contributing factors. Integrating aspects of education on fluid management from HHD training programmes should be considered in IHD, and further targeted, robust education remains an unmet need.
A novel health behaviour intervention to promote adherence in kidney failure
Authors: Celano Christopher M. , Zambrano Juliana , Harnedy Lauren , Arroyo‐Ariza Daniel , Carrillo Alba , Chung Wei‐Jean , Massey Christina N. , Cohen‐Bucay Abraham , Huffman Jeff C.
Published: May 2022

Background

Health behaviour adherence is associated with improved survival in kidney failure (KF); however, most patients with KF do not adhere to one or more health behaviours. Existing health behaviour interventions have significant limitations and do not focus on psychological factors that are associated with adherence and health.

Objectives

To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 12‐week, phone‐delivered, positive psychology‐motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to promote psychological well‐being and adherence in KF.

Design

Single‐arm, proof‐of‐concept trial (N = 10).

Participants

Participants were adults with KF undergoing haemodialysis and reporting suboptimal adherence to physical activity, diet, and/or medications. Participants attended weekly phone sessions with a study trainer, completed weekly positive psychology exercises (focused on gratitude, strengths, and meaning), and worked towards physical activity, diet, and/or medication goals.

Measurements

Feasibility was measured by the percentage of sessions completed, while acceptability was assessed through participant ratings of positive psychology and MI session ease and utility (0–10 Likert scales). We explored the intervention's impact on psychological outcomes and health behaviour adherence using validated scales and accelerometers.

Results

Participants completed 78% of sessions and rated the program's components as easy to complete (positive psychology: 8.7 ± 1.5; MI: 8.3 ± 2.0) and subjectively helpful (positive psychology: 8.8 ± 1.2; MI: 8.8 ± 1.6). The intervention led to promising but nonsignificant improvements in psychological and adherence measures.

Conclusions

This 12‐week, phone‐delivered program was feasible, well‐accepted, and associated with nonsignificant improvements health behaviour adherence, highlighting the need for a larger efficacy trial.
Hospital service use for young people with chronic health conditions: A population‐based matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J , McMaugh Anne , Herkes Geoffrey , Homaira Nusrat , Hng Tien‐Ming , Cameron Cate M , Lystad Reidar P
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study aims to identify the hospitalised morbidity associated with three common chronic health conditions among young people using a population‐based matched cohort.

Methods

A population‐level matched case‐comparison retrospective cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised with asthma, type 1 diabetes (T1D) or epilepsy during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, sex and residential postcode. Adjusted rate ratios (ARR) were calculated by sex and age group.

Results

There were 65 055 young people hospitalised with asthma, 6648 with epilepsy, and 2209 with T1D. Young people with epilepsy (ARR 10.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.98–12.02), T1D (ARR 8.64; 95% CI 7.72–9.67) or asthma (ARR 4.39; 95% CI 4.26–4.53) all had a higher risk of hospitalisation than matched peers. Admission risk was highest for males (ARR 11.00; 95% CI 9.64–12.56) and females with epilepsy (ARR 10.83; 95% CI 9.54–12.29) compared to peers. The highest admission risk by age group was for young people aged 10–14 years (ARR 5.50; 95% CI 4.77–6.34) living with asthma, children aged ≤4 years (ARR 12.68; 95% CI 11.35–14.17) for those living with epilepsy, and children aged 5–9 years (ARR 9.12; 95% CI 7.69–10.81) for those living with T1D compared to peers.

Conclusions

The results will guide health service planning and highlight opportunities for better management of chronic health conditions, such as further care integration between acute, primary and community health services for young people.
A whiff of the future: functions of phenylalanine‐derived aroma compounds and advances in their industrial production
Authors: Skaliter Oded , Livneh Yarin , Agron Shani , Shafir Sharoni , Vainstein Alexander
Published: May 2022

Plants produce myriad aroma compounds—odorous molecules that are key factors in countless aspects of the plant's life cycle, including pollinator attraction and communication within and between plants. For humans, aroma compounds convey accurate information on food type, and are vital for assessing the environment. The phenylpropanoid pathway is the origin of notable aroma compounds, such as raspberry ketone and vanillin. In the last decade, great strides have been made in elucidating this pathway with the identification of numerous aroma‐related biosynthetic enzymes and factors regulating metabolic shunts. These scientific achievements, together with public acknowledgment of aroma compounds' medicinal benefits and growing consumer demand for natural products, are driving the development of novel biological sources for wide‐scale, eco‐friendly, and inexpensive production. Microbes and plants that are readily amenable to metabolic engineering are garnering attention as suitable platforms for achieving this goal. In this review, we discuss the importance of aroma compounds from the perspectives of humans, pollinators and plant–plant interactions. Focusing on vanillin and raspberry ketone, which are of high interest to the industry, we present key knowledge on the biosynthesis and regulation of phenylalanine‐derived aroma compounds, describe advances in the adoption of microbes and plants as platforms for their production, and propose routes for improvement.
Metaphysical idealism revisited
Authors: Tse Plato
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper is to offer a general survey of the latest development of metaphysical idealism in contemporary Anglo‐American philosophy. It consists of five main parts. The first part is a short introduction, it states the position of idealism and its current status in the Anglophone world. The second part focuses on the negative programme of idealism, which challenges physicalism on the problem of matter (2.1) and the problem of consciousness (2.2). The third part illustrates the positive programme of idealism, whose varieties can be grouped into two principal types: constitutive and elementary. Constitutive idealism (3.1) is subdivided into the theocentric (3.1.1), the anthropocentric (3.1.2), and the acentric (3.1.3). Elementary idealism (3.2), on the other hand, can be unity‐based (3.2.1), language‐based (3.2.2), or knowledge‐based (3.2.3). The six categories form a general framework of metaphysical idealism, and various accounts in the existing literature are discussed under each category. The fourth part addresses the relation between idealism and panpsychism. The paper is concluded with some caveats and future prospects.
Explaining The Anti‐Immigrant Sentiment Through a Spatial Analysis: A Study of The 2019 European Elections in Italy
Authors: Pagliacci Francesco , Bonacini Luca
Published: May 2022

Does the settling of foreigners cause a rise in anti‐immigrant sentiment due to resource competition? Or do direct interactions lead to more respectful relations? And what if one also considers the settlement of foreigners in neighbouring municipalities? Applying an instrumental variable approach to variables collected at the Italian municipality level and including neighbouring areas, this paper aims to answer these questions by considering the vote for the Lega party in 2019 European parliamentary election as a proxy for the anti‐immigration sentiment. Our results point out that, once controlling for most socio‐economic variables and remoteness, a larger presence of foreigners within the municipality reduces the vote for the Lega. In contrast, the presence of immigrants in the neighbouring municipalities does not show a significant effect.
A classification framework and computational methods for human interaction analysis using movement data
Authors: Su Rongxiang , Dodge Somayeh , Goulias Konstadinos
Published: May 2022

Interaction analysis for moving individuals in space and time can contribute to understanding urban dynamics and human social networks. Recent advancements in trajectory analytics have created methods to identify and extract spatiotemporal patterns of interaction using movement tracking data. However, existing definitions and classifications of interaction between moving individuals are isolated. This research is the first attempt toward developing a taxonomy of human interaction in space and time that are observable from movement data. In the proposed framework, interaction between moving individuals is divided into four categories based on the time when it occurs and the duration of the interaction, including concurrent encounter, concurrent interaction, delayed encounter, and delayed interaction. While the duration of interaction can play a significant role in classifying human interaction, techniques to quantify the duration of interaction are limited. This article incorporates an evaluation of the time‐geographic interaction analysis method to quantify the duration of interaction between moving individuals using human‐generated GPS tracking data in California. The evaluation is a comparison between the existing time‐geographic‐based approach that mainly relies on potential path area computation and polygon intersection and the proximity‐based approach (i.e., based on the intersection of spatial and temporal buffers of two individuals) that is commonly used in digital contact tracing technologies. The results show that the time‐geographic‐based approach can measure the duration of interaction more accurately, whereas the proximity‐based approach underestimates the duration of interactions.
Isotretinoin treatment of 12 dogs with epitheliotropic lymphoma
Authors: Ramos Sofia Chichorro , Macfarlane Michael John , Polton Gerry
Published: May 2022

Background

Epitheliotropic lymphoma is an uncommon cutaneous malignancy of T lymphocytes. Limited information is available regarding the treatment and outcome of dogs with this disease.

Objectives

To evaluate the treatment outcome and toxicity profile of isotretinoin in dogs with epitheliotropic lymphoma.

Animals

Twelve dogs with a diagnosis of epitheliotropic lymphoma were included.

Materials and methods

A medical database was searched for dogs diagnosed with epitheliotropic lymphoma and treated with isotretinoin between 2010 and 2021. Diagnosis, treatment details and tumour response were recorded for 12 dogs.

Results

All lesions resolved in four of 12 (33%) treated dogs. Lesions visibly improved in a further three dogs, giving a response rate of 58%. Two dogs' lesions remained unchanged and three progressed despite therapy. Adverse effects occurred in three dogs (25%), all of which were rapidly resolving or not affecting quality of life.

Conclusion

Isotretinoin treatment was a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for canine epitheliotropic lymphoma.
Nursing surveillance of respiratory adverse events among hospitalized adults: A systematic review to guide evidence‐based practice
Authors: Halverson Colleen C. , Bailey Catherine , Ennis Joyce Arlene , Cox E. Elaine
Published: May 2022

Background

Nursing surveillance (NS) involves the purposeful, ongoing acquisition, interpretation, and synthesis of patient data for clinical decision‐making. Surveillance is used to identify patients with early signs of distress and prevent adverse events. The processes that support and measure the outcomes of nursing surveillance are not clearly specified.

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to describe the impact of NS on respiratory adverse events for adult hospitalized patients.

Methods

The PRISMA model guided this systematic search of Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Nursing & Allied Health (ProQuest), and PubMed databases for articles published between 1990 and 2019. Search terms included nursing surveillance, data points typically attributed to nursing surveillance, adult hospitalized patients, and adverse respiratory events. The protocol for this review was registered as PROSPERO: CRD42020147557.

Results

Of the 2907 references screened, 67 full‐text articles were reviewed and 10 were eligible for inclusion. Research on nursing surveillance in the presence of respiratory deterioration is limited. Six studies used assessment tools that were generated from early warning scores, and four used research or institutionally designed trigger criteria. Surveillance, like other types of nursing care, was difficult to isolate and measure. Although components of surveillance were described in the selected studies, the nurse's role was not explicitly identified. Further research is required to highlight the role nursing surveillance plays in clinical decision‐making to keep patients safe.

Linking Evidence to Action

The attributes of NS provide a useful intervention guide for the hospitalized patient at risk of deterioration. Early warning score techniques provide empirical evidence for identifying patients at risk of deterioration. The findings of this study provide evidence of the significance for research focused on the attributes of NS relative to responding to patients at risk of deterioration.
Health‐promoting behaviors and self‐efficacy among nursing students in times of uncertainty
Authors: Doumit Rita , Habre Maha , Cattan Rebecca , Abi Kharma Joelle , Davis Beena
Published: May 2022

Background

Nursing students are often faced with academic and personal stressors that threaten their Health‐Promoting Behaviors (HPB) and well‐being. Research on how living in a context of high political uncertainty can impact nursing students' HPB is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between HPB and self‐efficacy among nursing students in a context of high political uncertainty.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional, descriptive study that included 120 undergraduate nursing students from Lebanon who completed an electronic self‐reported questionnaire.

Results

The results indicated that HPB measured by HPLP‐II scores were negatively correlated with overall uncertainty scores (r = −.29, p < .01) and positively correlated with the General Self‐Efficacy (GSE) scale scores (r = .41, p < .001). Results from the multiple linear regression model indicated that physical activity frequency and GSE were independent predictors of the total health‐promoting lifestyle profile and the model explained 30.28% of the variance in the total HPLP‐II scale.

Linking Evidence to Action

This study further emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity (at least 3 h a week) as a strategy to improve HPB among nursing students. Culturally sensitive strategies that aim to enhance HPB should be embedded in undergraduate nursing curricula. Public health nurses and university counselors should join efforts to develop strategies to maintain or enhance self‐efficacy and to promote regular physical activity among nursing students. Future research should further study the association between self‐efficacy, resilience, and uncertainty in contexts of ongoing conflicts.
HAXPES spectra of NaCl measured by Cr Kα
Authors: Zborowski C. , Vaesen I. , Hoflijk I. , Vanleenhove A. , Artyushkova K. , Conard T.
Published: May 2022

Single-crystalline NaCl was analyzed using high-resolution high-energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The HAXPES spectra of NaCl obtained using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation at 5414.8 eV include two survey scans (Al Kα and Cr Kα) and high-resolution spectra of Na 1s, Na 2p, Na 2s, Cl 1s, Cl 2p, Cl 2s, and Cl KLL.
On acoustic reflection from a seabed exhibiting a non-uniform sound speed profile, with relevance to fine-grained sediments
Authors: Buckingham Michael J.
Published: May 2022

An analysis of the plane wave reflection coefficient of the seabed, R, is developed for two upward-refracting sediment sound speed profiles: the two-parameter linear and the three-parameter inverse-square, both extending to infinite depth. For the linear profile, it turns out that |R| = 1, representing total reflection for all grazing angles and all frequencies, signifying that in this special case, |R| is insensitive to the gradient. The implication is that if |R| is to return information about the shape of a profile, the gradient must change with depth, either smoothly through the presence of second- and/or higher-order depth derivatives or discontinuously at, say, an interface between sediment layers. The inverse-square is an example of a profile with a smoothly varying gradient, for which a general, closed-form expression for R is derived, valid for all grazing angles and all frequencies. When the sound speed ratio is less than unity, representative of a fine-grained sediment (mud), |R| exhibits two frequency regimes, designated high and low, separated by a transition frequency, fT. In each of these regimes, |R| exhibits a frequency-dependent angle of intromission, which exhibits high- and low-frequency limiting values, differing by approximately 3.5°, depending on the geo-acoustic parameters of the sediment.
Kinase-deficient BTK mutants confer ibrutinib resistance through activation of the kinase HCK
Authors: Dhami Kamaldeep , Chakraborty Anirban , Gururaja Tarikere L. , Cheung Leo W.-K. , Sun Chaohong , DeAnda Felix , Huang XiaoDong
Published: May 2022

The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib irreversibly binds BTK at Cys
481
, inhibiting its kinase activity and thus blocking transduction of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Although ibrutinib is durably effective in patients with B cell malignancies, many patients still develop ibrutinib-resistant disease. Resistance can arise because of mutations at the ibrutinib-binding site in BTK. Here, we characterized the mechanism by which two BTK mutations, C481F and C481Y, may lead to ibrutinib resistance. Both mutants lacked detectable kinase activity in in vitro kinase assays. Structural modeling suggested that bulky Phe and Tyr side chains at position 481 sterically hinder access to the ATP-binding pocket in BTK, contributing to loss of kinase activity. Nonetheless, BCR signaling still propagated through BTK C481F and C481Y mutants to downstream effectors, the phospholipase PLCγ2 and the transcription factor NF-κB. This maintenance of BCR signaling was partially achieved through the physical recruitment and kinase-independent activation of hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK). Upon BCR activation, BTK C481F or C481Y was phosphorylated by Src family kinases at Tyr
551
, which then bound to the SH2 domain of HCK. Modeling suggested that this binding disrupted an intramolecular autoinhibitory interaction in HCK. Activated HCK subsequently phosphorylated PLCγ2, which propagated BCR signaling and promoted clonogenic cell proliferation. This kinase-independent mechanism could inform therapeutic approaches to CLL bearing either the C481F or C481Y BTK mutants.
Formate for tumor progression
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: May 2022

A bacterial metabolite promotes the progression of colorectal cancer.
SARS-CoV-2 transmission, persistence of immunity, and estimates of Omicron’s impact in South African population cohorts
Authors: Sun Kaiyuan , Tempia Stefano , Kleynhans Jackie , von Gottberg Anne , McMorrow Meredith L. , Wolter Nicole , Bhiman Jinal N. , Moyes Jocelyn , du Plessis Mignon , Carrim Maimuna , Buys Amelia , Martinson Neil A. , Kahn Kathleen , Tollman Stephen , Lebina Limakatso , Wafawanaka Floidy , du Toit Jacques D. , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Mkhencele Thulisa , Viboud Cécile , Cohen Cheryl
Published: May 2022

Understanding the build-up of immunity with successive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the epidemiological conditions that favor rapidly expanding epidemics will help facilitate future pandemic control. We analyzed high-resolution infection and serology data from two longitudinal household cohorts in South Africa to reveal high cumulative infection rates and durable cross-protective immunity conferred by prior infection in the pre-Omicron era. Building on the history of past exposures to different SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination in the cohort most representative of South Africa’s high urbanization rate, we used mathematical models to explore the fitness advantage of the Omicron variant and its epidemic trajectory. Modeling suggests that the Omicron wave likely infected a large fraction (44 to 81%) of the population, leaving a complex landscape of population immunity primed and boosted with antigenically distinct variants. We project that future SARS-CoV-2 resurgences are likely under a range of scenarios of viral characteristics, population contacts, and residual cross-protection.
Regulator of G Protein Signaling Contributes to the Development and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus through the Regulation of Gα Activity
Authors: Xie Rui , Yang Kunlong , Tumukunde Elisabeth , Guo Zhiqiang , Zhang Bei , Liu Yinghang , Zhuang Zhenhong , Yuan Jun , Wang Shihua
Published: May 2022

RGS proteins, as crucial regulators of the G protein signaling pathway, are widely distributed in fungi, while little is known about their roles in
Aspergillus flavus
development and aflatoxin. In this study, we identified six RGS proteins in
A. flavus
and revealed that these proteins have important functions in the regulation of conidia, sclerotia, and aflatoxin formation.
Peptide Conjugates Derived from flg15, Pep13, and PIP1 That Are Active against Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria and Trigger Plant Defense Responses
Authors: Oliveras Àngel , Camó Cristina , Caravaca-Fuentes Pau , Moll Luís , Riesco-Llach Gerard , Gil-Caballero Sergio , Badosa Esther , Bonaterra Anna , Montesinos Emilio , Feliu Lidia , Planas Marta
Published: May 2022

The consequences of plant pathogens on crop production together with the lack of effective and environmentally friendly pesticides evidence the need of new agents to control plant diseases. Antimicrobial and plant defense elicitor peptides have emerged as good candidates to tackle this problem.
Inhibition of Sulfate Reduction and Cell Division by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Coated in Palladium Metal
Authors: Barnes Robert J. , Voegtlin Stephen P. , Naik Shiv R. , Gomes Renessa , Hubert Casey R. J. , Larter Stephen R. , Bryant Steven L.
Published: May 2022

Microbial reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide is highly undesirable in several industrial settings. Some sulfate-reducing bacteria are also able to transform metal ions in their environment into metal phases that remain attached to their outer cell surface.
Transcriptome Mining Expands Knowledge of RNA Viruses across the Plant Kingdom
Authors: Mifsud Jonathon C. O. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Holmes Edward C. , Geoghegan Jemma L.
Published: May 2022

Our knowledge of plant viruses is mainly limited to those infecting economically important host species. In particular, we know little about those viruses infecting basal plant lineages such as the ferns, lycophytes, bryophytes, and charophytes.
Role of Stress Granules in Suppressing Viral Replication by the Infectious Bronchitis Virus Endoribonuclease
Authors: Zhao Jing , Feng Delan , Zhao Ye , Huang Min , Zhang Xuehui , Zhang Guozhong
Published: May 2022

Endoribonuclease is conserved in coronaviruses and affects viral replication and pathogenicity. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a γ-coronavirus, infects respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems, causing millions of dollars in lost revenue to the poultry industry worldwide annually.
Invasion and Propagation of White Spot Syndrome Virus: Hijacking of the Cytoskeleton, Intracellular Transport Machinery, and Nuclear Import Transporters
Authors: Li Dong-Li , Yang Ming-Han , Liu Ling-Ke , Meng Chuang , Li Mei-Qiong , Liu Hai-Peng
Published: May 2022

As one of the largest animal DNA viruses, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been causing severe economical loss in aquaculture due to the limited knowledge on WSSV pathogenesis for an antiviral strategy. We demonstrate that the actin cytoskeleton, endocytic vesicles, endosomes, and microtubules are hijacked for WSSV invasion; importantly, the nuclear transporter
Cq
Importin α1/β1 together with
Cq
Ran were recruited, via binding of
Cq
Importin β1 to the nucleoporins
Cq
Nup35/62, for both the nuclear pore targeting of the incoming nucleocapsids and the nuclear import of expressed viral structural proteins containing the nuclear localization sequences (NLSs).
A Dual Regulatory Role of the PhoU Protein in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Choi Soomin , Jeong Gyunghwa , Choi Eunna , Lee Eun-Jin
Published: May 2022

Bacteria constantly sense and respond to their surroundings through two-component systems. In Gram-negative bacteria, phosphate sensing is mediated by the PhoB/PhoR two-component system with additional components, the PstSCAB phosphate transporter and the PhoU protein.
Metagenomics of Wastewater Influent from Wastewater Treatment Facilities across Ontario in the Era of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Lawal Opeyemi U. , Zhang Linkang , Parreira Valeria R. , Brown R. Stephen , Chettleburgh Charles , Dannah Nora , Delatolla Robert , Gilbride Kimberly A. , Graber Tyson E. , Islam Golam , Knockleby James , Ma Sean , McDougall Hanlan , McKay R. Michael , Mloszewska Aleksandra , Oswald Claire , Servos Mark , Swinwood-Sky Megan , Ybazeta Gustavo , Habash Marc , Goodridge Lawrence
Published: May 2022

We report metagenomic sequencing analyses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in composite wastewater influent from 10 regions in Ontario, Canada, during the transition between Delta and Omicron variants of concern. The Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.1.1 and BA.2-defining mutations occurring in various frequencies were reported in the consensus and subconsensus sequences of the composite samples.
Heat Stress of Algal Partner Hinders Colonization Success and Alters the Algal Cell Surface Glycome in a Cnidarian-Algal Symbiosis
Authors: Maruyama Shumpei , Mandelare-Ruiz Paige E. , McCauley Mark , Peng Wenjing , Cho Byeong Gwan , Wang Junyao , Mechref Yehia , Loesgen Sandra , Weis Virginia M.
Published: May 2022

Coral reefs are under threat from global climate change. Their decline is mainly caused by the fragility of their symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellate algae which they rely upon for their ecological success.
Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 (NOD1) Positively Regulates Neuroinflammation during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
Authors: Chen Zheng , Zhao Zikai , Liu Yixin , Imran Muhammad , Rao Jing , Cai Ning , Ye Jing , Cao Shengbo
Published: May 2022

Neuroinflammation is the main pathological manifestation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and the most important factor leading to morbidity and death in humans and animals infected by JEV. An in-depth understanding of the basic mechanisms of neuroinflammation will contribute to research on JE treatment.
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Prevalence and Incidence of Gastrointestinal Viruses in Children up to Five Years Old: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maldonado-Barrueco Alfredo , García-Rodríguez Julio , Yániz-Ramirez Jorge , Serrano-Vaquero Irene , Parra-Alonso Juan Carlos , Vega-Nieto Carlos , Ruiz-Carrascoso Guillermo
Published: May 2022

Our original article contains an analysis of the impact of the measures applied against SARS-CoV-2 on the prevalence and incidence of GV in children. The small number of studies published to date that analyze the impact of these measures individually on each of the GV makes our study of great interest at this time.
Synchronous Hürthle cell and medullary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Yeap Zhu Hui , Arman Sam , Stenhouse Grant , Isa Aidah
Published: May 2022

Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) and medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) are uncommon histological subtypes of thyroid cancers, each accounting for around 3% of all thyroid cancers. A septuagenarian woman with a history of multiple primary cancer diagnoses presented with a growing left-sided neck lump. A diagnostic left thyroid lobectomy was performed, and pathological examination found two separate malignant foci: one HCC and an MTC. The patient developed left-sided HCC nodal metastasis, and following several multidisciplinary team discussions, a right completion lobectomy with left lateral neck dissection was performed, revealing further intrathyroidal MTC and extranodal extension of HCC. We present this as the first reported case of a collision tumour of HCC and MTC, and review the available literature regarding collision tumours and their management.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms, and points of intervention, in rural central Uganda: results from a cross-sectional population-based survey of women and men
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M , Wanyenze Rhoda K , Schmarje Crockett Katherine , Naigino Rose , Ediau Michael , Lule Haruna , Kalichman Seth C , Lin Chii-Dean , Menzies Nicolas , Bateganya Moses H , Kiene Susan M
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms and potential intervention points among women and men from a population-based sample in rural central Uganda.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Four districts in rural Uganda.

Participants

Women and men aged 15–59 residing in four districts in rural Uganda accepting home-based HIV testing who completed a baseline survey at the time of testing.

Primary outcome measures

Depressive symptoms measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale using a cut-off score of 13 for significant depressive symptoms.

Results

Among a sample of 9609 women and 6059 men, 1415 (14.7%) women and 727 (12.0%) men met criteria for significant depressive symptoms. Having ever received mental health services was associated with lower odds of significant depressive symptoms (women: adjusted OR (adjOR)=0.32, 95% CI=0.22 to 0.47; men: adjOR=0.36, 95% CI=0.18 to 0.62). Having received outpatient (women: adjOR=3.64, 95% CI=3.14 to 4.22; men: adjOR=3.37, 95% CI=2.78 to 4.07) or inpatient (women: adjOR=5.44, 95% CI=4.24 to 6.97; men: adjOR=3.42, 95% CI=2.21 to 5.28) care in the prior 6 months was associated with greater odds of significant depressive symptoms. For women only, known HIV positive status (adjOR=1.37, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.77), and for men only, alcohol misuse (adjOR=1.38, 95% CI=1.12 to 1.70), were associated with increased odds of significant depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that depression screening within outpatient and inpatient settings may help to identify people in need of mental health services. Routine screening in outpatient or inpatient clinics along with the implementation of evidence-based interventions could ultimately help close the mental health gap for depression in this and similar settings.
Towards equitable scheduling of global health teleconferences: a spatial exploration of the world’s population and health by time zone
Authors: Crump John A , Davies Tilman M
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To examine the world’s population, development, and health by condensed Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) offset to support a normative position on how to most defensibly schedule global health teleconferences with the primary goal of advancing equitable regard for participants by health condition.

Design

Spatial exploration examined through the lens of equitable regard for participants.

Setting

The Earth.

Participants

The global population.

Main outcome measures

Global population, countries, Human Development Index (HDI), and health measured in total and disease-specific disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 000 per year by UTC offset. Strengths and weaknesses of scheduling teleconferences accordingly to alternative approaches.

Results

The UTC offset with the largest population of approximately 1 724 million persons occurred in UTC+5, largest country count of approximately 40 countries in UTC+1, and the lowest median HDI of 0.527 occurred in UTC0. The highest median total DALYs per 100 000 per year of 41 873 occurred in UTC+11, highest median HIV/AIDS DALYs per 100 000 per year of 941 in UTC0, and highest median typhoid and paratyphoid fevers DALYs per 100 000 per year of 279 occurred in UTC+5. Hypothetical teleconference scheduling scenarios generated temporal distances of up to 11 hours to UTC offsets representing the most countries and greatest number of DALYs per 100 000 per year. Teleconference scheduling based on egoism was considered to be problematic, and contractualism as unrealistically demanding. Utilitarianism resulted in the risk of systematically disadvantaging small, temporally remote groups. Egalitarianism offered equality, but prioritarianism offered the possibility of addressing health inequities.

Conclusions

Global health teleconferences may generate great temporal distances between participants compromising representative participation, as well as the well-being of attendees. Our spatial exploration of the world’s population and health by UTC offset may be used to support a normative position on scheduling global health teleconferences that enhance progress towards health equity.
Effectiveness of internet-based support interventions on patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Huang Yanwei , Li Qianqian , Zhou Fang , Song Jingyuan
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify the elements of internet-based support interventions and assess their effectiveness at reducing psychological distress, anxiety and/or depression, physical variables (prevalence, severity and distress from physical symptoms) and improving quality of life, social support and self-efficacy among patients with breast cancer.

Design

Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data sources

Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from over the past 5 years of each database to June 2021.

Eligibility criteria for study selection

Included were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental (QE) studies focusing on internet-based support interventions in patients with breast cancer.

Data extraction and synthesis

Reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration’ risk of bias tool, Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual). Narrative synthesis included the effect and elements of internet-based support interventions for women with breast cancer.

Results

Out of 2842 articles, 136 qualified articles were preliminarily identified. After further reading the full text, 35 references were included, including 30 RCTs and five QE studies. Internet-based support interventions have demonstrated positive effects on women’s quality of life and physical variables, but inconsistent effectiveness has been found on psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, social support and self-efficacy.

Conclusions

Internet-based support interventions are increasingly being used as clinically promising interventions to promote the health outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Future research needs to implement more rigorous experimental design and include sufficient sample size to clarify the effectiveness of this internet-based intervention.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021271380.
Effectiveness and characteristics of physical fitness training on aerobic fitness in vulnerable older adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Visser Dennis , Wattel Elizabeth M , Gerrits Karin H L , van der Wouden Johannes C , Meiland Franka J M , de Groot Aafke J , Jansma Elise P , Hertogh Cees M P M , Smit Ewout B
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To present an overview of effectiveness and training characteristics of physical training on aerobic fitness, compared with alternative or no training, in adults aged over 65 years with various health statuses, providing a basis for guidelines for aerobic training of vulnerable older adults that can be used in geriatric rehabilitation.

Design

An umbrella review of systematic reviews that included both randomised controlled trials and other types of trials.

Data sources

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched on 9 September 2019.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included systematic reviews reporting on physical training interventions that are expected to improve aerobic fitness, presenting results for adults aged 65 years and older, describing at least one of the FITT-characteristics: Frequency, Intensity, Time or Type of exercise, and measuring aerobic fitness at least before and after the intervention.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

We included 51 papers on 49 reviews. Positive effect of training on aerobic fitness was reported by 33 reviews, 11 reviews remained inconclusive and 5 reviews reported no effect. Training characteristics varied largely. Frequency: 1–35 sessions/week, Intensity: light–vigorous, Time: <10–120 min/session and Types of exercise: many. The methodological quality was most often low. Subgroup analyses revealed positive effects for all health conditions except for trauma patients. Exercise characteristics from current existing guidelines are widely applicable. For vulnerable older adults, lower intensities and lower frequencies were beneficial. Some health conditions require specific adjustments. Information on adverse events was often lacking, but their occurrence seemed rare.

Conclusion

Physical fitness training can be effective for vulnerable older adults. Exercise characteristics from current existing guidelines are widely applicable, although lower frequencies and intensities are also beneficial. For some conditions, adjustments are advised.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020140575.
Differences in mortality between temporary and permanent workers: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nardi Angelo , Dei Bardi Luca , Davoli Marina , Agabiti Nera , Cesaroni Giulia
Published: May 2022

Objective

Precarious employment is characterised by instability, lack of protection and economic vulnerability. The objective of this study was to assess the association between temporary contracts and mortality.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Rome, Italy.

Participants

All employees, aged 25–65 years, from the Rome Longitudinal Study, followed from 21 October 2001 to the first date among death, migration from Rome, or 31 December 2015.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We investigated all-cause, cardiovascular and accidental mortality. We considered gender, age, place of birth, education, temporary versus permanent contract and sector of employment. We used Cox models to investigate the association between type of contract and total, cardiovascular and accidental mortality in men and women, overall and by employment sector.

Results

We analysed 597 834 subjects. The proportion of temporary contracts varied by gender (9.6% in men and 13.3% in women) and by employment sector, ranging from 4.5% (public administration) to 27% (recreational, cultural, sports activities) in men. During the study period, 21 136 subjects died. Men with temporary contracts, compared with those with permanent positions, had greater overall mortality risk (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.24), cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) and accidental mortality (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57). In men, the association varied widely among different economic sectors, with greater risks in the industry, building constructions and social services sectors. In women, there was no evidence of association between temporary contracts and mortality. A statistically significant association between temporary contracts and mortality in women was found in the sector of sales and transports only.

Conclusions

Temporary work should be considered a determinant of health, particularly for specific economic sectors.
Global prevalence of antidepressant drug utilization in the community: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Lunghi Carlotta , Dugas Michèle , Leclerc Jacinthe , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Martineau Cathy , Carnovale Valérie , Stéfan Théo , Blouin Patrick , Lépine Johanie , Jalbert Laura , Espinoza Suarez Nataly R , Svyntozelska Olha , Dery Marie-Pier , Ekanmian Giraud , Nogueira Daniele Maria , Akinola Pelumi Samuel , Turcotte Stéphane , Skidmore Becky , LeBlanc Annie
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Antidepressant drugs are the most frequently prescribed medication for mental disorders. They are also used off-label and for non-psychiatric indications. Prescriptions of antidepressants have increased in the last decades, but no systematic review exists on the extent of their use in the community.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of antidepressant use in the community. We will search for studies published from 1 January 2010 in the Embase and MEDLINE databases using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords adjusted for each database without any language restriction. The main inclusion criterion is the presence of prevalence data of antidepressant utilization. Thus, we will include all studies with a descriptive observational design reporting the prevalence of antidepressant use in the community. Study selection (by title/abstract and full-text screening) and data extraction for included studies will be independently conducted by pairs of reviewers. We will then synthesize the data on the prevalence of antidepressant use in individuals living in the community. If possible, we will perform a meta-analysis to generate prevalence-pooled estimates. If the data allows it, we will conduct subgroup analyses by antidepressant class, age, sex, country and other sociodemographic categories. We will evaluate the risk of bias for each included study through a quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool: Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. DistillerSR software will be used for the management of this review.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this review as it will not directly involve human or animal subjects. The findings of our systematic review will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, the Qualaxia Network (https://qualaxia.org), presentations at international conferences on mental health and pharmacoepidemiology, as well as general public events.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021247423.
Spinning a global web: tactics used by Big Tobacco to attract children at tobacco points-of-sale
Authors: Brown Jennifer L , Rosen Debra , Carmona Maria G , Parra Natalia , Hurley Mark , Cohen Joanna E
Published: May 2022

Most of the published literature on cigarette advertising and promotion at points-of-sale is on research conducted in high-income countries. We report findings from monitoring cigarette advertising and promotion at points-of-sale near schools and playgrounds in 42 countries, the majority low-income and middle-income. Four strategies were detected across most of these countries: (1) display of cigarettes near snacks, sweets and sugary drinks, (2) placement of cigarette advertisements near the eye-level of children, (3) advertisements and display of flavoured cigarettes and (4) sale of single sticks of cigarettes. These advertising and promotional tactics target children and youth and demonstrate that multinational tobacco companies use similar strategies to promote cigarettes at points-of-sale. The widespread violations of existing laws and regulations, the exploitation of regulatory loopholes and lack of existing tobacco control policies that apply to points-of-sale call for adoption and enactment of provisions recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control such as comprehensive bans on tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship, bans on sale of single cigarette sticks and regulation of flavours. These strategies will help to protect children and youth from exposure to tobacco advertising.