bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Fue condenado Prisciliano en el concilio de Caesaraugusta del año 380?
Authors: Piay Augusto Diego , Martínez Javier
Published: November 2024

El relato de Prisciliano conservado en el tratado Liber ad Damasum y las informaciones ofrecidas por Sulpicio Severo en su Chronica, no concuerdan a la hora de valorar las conclusiones alcanzadas por los obispos reunidos en el Concilio de Zaragoza del año 380. Para esclarecer la intrincada cuestión de la eventual condena de Prisciliano en el sínodo caesaraugustano, es necesario revisar las actas del concilio y confrontar los datos que estas ofrecen, con las informaciones presentes en otros textos que hacen referencia a la reunión episcopal; abordar las diferentes teorías esgrimidas hasta la fecha sobre el argumento; y, finalmente, proponer una nueva hipótesis conclusiva.
Más allá de París. La antropología histórica del mundo antiguo en Italia
Authors: González García Francisco Javier
Published: November 2024

.
Where we Stand in Obstetrical Care
Authors: Saima Perveen
Published: November 2024

Decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality remains a priority for the health leaders globally, and is a priority in health development agenda in sustainable development goals.1-3 Every woman has a 15% risk of maternal complications around the time of delivery.4 Mostly women dies during or immediate after child-birth. In Pakistan because of unawareness and low income, leads to less consultation with the health care facility. The birth attended by skilled health person in Pakistan is 26.42/1000 people.
Association between Pulp Stone and Renal Stones: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rozi Afsar  , Fayaz Alam  , Umar Nasir  , Bibi Maryam  , Ziauddin
Published: November 2024

Background: Pulp stones refer to degenerative alterations occurring within the pulp tissue. Pulp stones are common issue for endodontic treatment. Literature is controversial about the association between pulp stone and renal stone.Objective: To determine association between pulp stones and kidney stones in patients reporting to Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat.Materials and Methods: This case-control study conducted at Saidu College of Dentistry in Swat, 70 dental patients were examined between August 1, 2023, and December 5, 2023. The sample size, initially 34, was increased to 70 to enhance study power. Cases included individuals with renal stones, while controls were without renal stones. Panoramic radiographs were taken to identify pulp stones. Exclusions involved medical conditions, and data analysis utilized R software. The chi-square test and logistic regression were employed to assess the association between renal stone and pulp stone, with a significance level set at P=0.05.Results: The mean age was 36.03 ± 10.08 years, with 39 (55.71%) females and 31 (44.29%) males. A statistically significant difference was observed, with a higher proportion of cases having absent pulp stones (n=18, 51.43%) compared to controls (n=28, 80%) [p= 0.023]. The odds of having a present pulp stone are significantly higher in individuals with renal stones (cases) compared to the normal control group (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.35-11.50, p=0.014). No significant difference is observed in the odds of having a present pulp stone between males and females (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.44-3.25, p=0.750). The odds of having a present pulp stone are significantly higher in the 36-50 age group compared to the 18-35 age group (OR: 3.80, 95% CI: 1.28-13.04, p=0.022).Conclusion: A statistically significant association was found between pulp stones and kidney stones. Furthermore, our observations indicate that the prevalence of pulp stones tends to increase with advancing age.Keywords: Dental stone, Kidney stones, Medical conditions, Pulp stones
Ameliorative Effect of á Tocopherols on Histomorphological Changes of Testicular Tissues in Adult Rats Exposed to Noise Stress
Authors: Maria Yousaf  , Humaira Ali  , Liaqat Ali  , Nomana Mahmood  , Fareeha Mushtaq  , Khadija Qamar  , Amna Shoaib  , Syed Asad Hasan
Published: November 2024

Background: Tocopherols are found to be useful in reducing the harmful effects of noise stress on the histomorphology of the testicles of rats exposed to noise stress. Objective: To investigate the protective effects of tocopherol on histomorphology of rats exposed to chronic noise stress. Materials and Methods: Study was approved by Ethical Review Committee of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi on dated 02-09-2022. It was a Lab based experimental trial conducted for three months. Ninety male albino rats weighing between 250-300g were housed in the NIH animal house. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups with 30 animals in each group. Group A was a control group, Group B and C were experimental groups. They were undergone a continuous 6-hour daily of chronic noise stress at an intensity of 100 dB, by using an uninterrupted power source. It was offered with a nine-volt standby battery and DC adopter. In addition to noise stress, Group C also received alpha-tocopherol by gastric lavage tube. The Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains were for histopatholgoical studies. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: When compared to control group A, there was a statistically significant difference in various parameters. When compared to experimental group B, the outcomes in tocopherol-treated experimental group C were statistically significant; but, when compared to control group A, they were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Alpha tocopherol has a protective effect against the negative histomorphological changes caused by noise stress in rat testis. Keywords: Alpha tocopherol, Antioxidant, Infertility, Noise stress, Sex hormone
Fixed Partial Denture Failure: Types of Failure in Non Maintained Metal Ceramic Fixed Dental Prosthesis in the Different Location of Arches
Authors: Saima  , Asif Ullah Khan  , Muhammad Sartaj Khan  , Muhammad Raza  , Zubair Naila , Manzar Samia , Khan Hassan
Published: November 2024

Background: Every dentist should be able to answer the patient questions regarding crown and bridge success and failure. Because they are custom made and are prone to failure. Every dentist should have knowledge about their failure and its severity. This will help them in correct diagnosis and treatment planning. So properly executed fixed dental prosthesis will provide better function, esthetic and patient satisfaction. If fixed dental prosthesis is planned poorly, it will not only damage tooth but also damage prosthesis.Objective: To find location based failures of different arch in non-maintained metal ceramic FDPs presented by patients reporting to Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar at the time period of six months. Study design was Descriptive, cross-sectional.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional observation study 216 patients were clinically evaluated for failure of fixed partial denture in both arches. Bridges were examined through inspection, palpation, percussion, radiographic examination and probing depth. The failed bridges were put into different grades of failure. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23.Results: Majority of failures belong to group 1 to 4(almost 25%), while in group 5 and 6 the frequency was less than other groups. The studies include 58 % female and rests were male.Conclusion: Our study showed that more than two thirds of the observed fixed partial dentures were having almost an equal proportion of failure ranging from grade 1-4.Keywords: Crown Bridge Failure, Metal Ceramic Restorations, Non-Maintained Fixed Partial Denture
Common Pathological Lesions in Oral and Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Ahmad Khan  , Muhammad Tariq Khan  , Raham Zaman  , Rizwan Ullah Khan  , Pir Uzair  , Syed Ayaz Ali Shah  , Muhammad Sohail  , Muhammad Masood Khan  , Sertaj Khan  , Saif Ullah
Published: November 2024

Background: Various oral lesions are encountered by oral clinician in their daily clinical practice. These lesions arise from myriad of causes and affect the daily life and health of person. Objectives: To determine the frequency of common pathological lesions in oral and maxillofacial region helping timely diagnosis and intervention to reduce the morbidly and mortality. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study, of 196 patients with oral pathological lesions recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique was carried out at Oral and Maxillofacial Unit MMC MTI Mardan, from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. Diagnosis was established through history, clinical examination, investigation and biopsy in all cases. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 and evaluated and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics.Results: The age ranged from 2 to 90 years, with a mean age of 25.85 ±16.45 years. Oral pathological lesions occurred more common in 3rd decade (n= 48, 24.5%) followed by 4th decade (n= 37, 18.8%). Male pre-dominated the female with a ratio of 1.15:1. The most common site was mandible (n=66, 33.7%). Common lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (n=21, 10.7%). Common benign lesion was avascular necrosis (n=19, 9.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the leading malignant lesions (n=21, 11%). Mucocele (n=13, 6.6%) was common in cystic lesions.Conclusion: This study showed the variations in age, gender, site and type of oral and maxillofacial lesions. The malignant lesions are common in older patients, while the benign are more common in early and middle age groups. Timely diagnosis and intervention can reduce the morbidly and mortality. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Avascular necrosis, Mucocele, Pathological lesions, Squamous cell carcinoma.
Perception of Faculty Towards Simulation Based Learning as A Method for Clinical Teaching
Authors: Ayesha Qaisar  , Brekhna Jamil  , Jibran Umar Ayub Khan  , Nowshad Asim  , Nazia Shahana  , Umar Ayub Khan
Published: November 2024

Background: Simulation based learning is excellent way of teaching all the essential skills but the evidence is scarce regarding how it works best in case of students.Objective: To assess the perceptions of faculty towards simulated based learning as a method for clinical teaching. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at almost all the medical colleges of Peshawar and did involve faculty from preclinical as well as clinical sciences who are actively involved in teaching. This was preceded by ethical approval from advanced study and research board of Khyber Medical University Peshawar. The responses of the participants were recorded through a pre-validated questionnaire containing 20 items meant for assessing the responses of the faculty. The data analysis was done by SPSS version 23. Frequencies and percentages were applied for categorical data and Chi Square test was used for comparing responses of the faculty with a p value less than 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37 years with a minimum of 25 and maximum of 70 years with SD 10.25. Demonstrators and assistant professors comprised 39% each followed by associate professors 13.3% while professors were the lowest with a percentage 7.8%. Highly significant association was seen while assessing the perception of the faculty about the responses of the faculty regarding SBL can be used adjuvant for clinical practice not replacement for it and “SBL Should Replace Animals in Medical Education Experiments with p value of less than 0.05Conclusion: According to these results the faculty had overall great perception of SBL as a method for clinical teaching which can further enforce its integration into medical curriculum.Keywords: Perception, Simulation based learning, Teaching.
Estimation of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma for HER2 Targeted Therapy
Authors: Faryal Javaid  , Shifa Basharat  , Ayesha Sajjad  , Raazia Mehmood  , Ayesha Safdar  , Maria Tasneem Khattak  , Iqbal Mohammad Khan
Published: November 2024

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks among the top cancers globally, with high mortality rates despite treatment advancements. Emerging therapeutic targets, including HER2, well-studied in breast and gastric cancers, are less explored in CRC literature. Objectives: To determine the frequency of HER2 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma for HER2-targeted therapy and its association with various clinic-pathological variables.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar, from November 15, 2022, to April 30, 2023. A total of 110 cases were included through consecutive sampling. The study included patients of both genders and all age groups who had undergone colectomy (right or left hemicolectomy, extended right hemicolectomy, abdominoperineal resection) and were previously diagnosed with CRC based on colonoscopic biopsies. Colonoscopic biopsy specimens and patients who had undergone neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Immunohistochemistry assay for HER2 was performed, and the results were interpreted.Results: The mean age (SD) of study sample was 45 (6.12) years. There was a predominance of male patients. Out of the total 110 patients, HER2 expression was positive in 69 (62.73%) and negative in 41 (37.27%) patients. The lesions were predominantly located in the rectum and left colon in 77 (70.00%) of the patients. Histologically, 92 (83.64%) patients had non-mucinous tumor variants. Among the 69 positive cases, 32 (29.09%) were scored as 1+, 24 (21.82%) as 2+, and 13 (11.82%) as 3+. Tumor grade, tumor stage, HER2 expression, and score were statistically significantly associated with IHC staining intensity (p < 0.001). Similarly, tumor grade, tumor stage, and HER2 score were statistically significantly associated with positivity status (p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant relationship between the degree of differentiation (tumor grade), tumor stage, IHC staining intensity and the score of HER2 overexpression was observed (p < 0.001).Conclusion: In our study, HER2 expression was observed in a significant number of patients. The findings indicate that HER2 expression correlates with specific tumor characteristics suggesting its potential as a biomarker in management for this disease. Further research with larger sample sizes and broader geographical diversity is recommended to better understand HER2's biological role in cancer.Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, Gastrointestinal system, HER2, Immunohistochemistry, Targeted therapy.
Effects of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome on the Quality of Life- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Braikhna Murad  , Basheer Rehman  , Salma Rehman  , Maria Qadeer  , Nadia Ashraf  , Bushra Mehbood
Published: November 2024

Background: The patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome TMDS may present with clicking and pain located in and around the TMJ and masticatory muscle complex. The joint dysfunction may be acute or chronic affecting quality of life. In chronic cases, the pain is of longer duration and usually not self-limiting.Objective: To determine the mean quality of life (QoL) score among patients presenting with temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMDS) using the SF-36 questionnaire.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 60 patients (95% confidence level and 0.05 as a margin of error). The duration of the study was six months, done at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. SF-36 questionnaire assessed nine domains related to QOL for the patients diagnosed with TMPDs. Variables like Age, duration of TMDs, and QOL score were calculated as Mean±SD. Qualitative variables such as gender, educational status were calculated in frequency and percentages. Results: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMPD) was more common in females (66.67%) than males. Mean and SDs for age were 25.32+10.6. Eight patients (13.34%) had QoL scores below 50. Physical health was affected in 74.1% of the patients while the second most affected domain was the limitation of daily routine activities (71.6%). The majority of patients were depressed (58.3%) cases. Conclusion: Patients with TMPDS in our study with high scores (SF-36 questionnaire) showed better quality of life, compared to those having lowest scores with worst quality of life. Keywords: Emotions, General health, Pain, Quality of Life Score (QOLS), SF-36 Questionnaire, Social well-being, TMPDS.
Does Observation Improve Compliance to Standard Surgical Hand Scrubbing?
Authors: Faaiz Ali Shah  , Shams Ur Rehman  , Shahidullah  , Yasir Imran
Published: November 2024

Background: Standard surgical hand scrubbing techniques are essential for the prevention of surgical site infections. Overt observation is the gold standard to assess compliance to surgical hand scrubbing techniques but is confounded by the Hawthorne effect. Objective: To compare the compliance of surgical hand scrubbing technique in Orthopaedic operation theatres as observed overtly and covertly by trained independent observers.Materials and Methods: We conducted this cross sectional study in Orthopaedic operation theatres of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from 15th November 2023 to 15th February 2024. All the participants fulfilling inclusion criteria were overtly and covertly observed by independent trained observers for compliance to WHO surgical hand scrubbing techniques. The difference in the rate of surgical hand scrubbing compliance between overt and covert observations served as a measure of the Hawthorne effect.Results: The total number of participants in our study were 48 including 11 Orthopaedic consultants and 37 Orthopaedic residents. The overt observation revealed that the compliance to the various steps of WHO surgical hand scrubbing ranges from 89.58% to 100% with a weighted mean of 95.76%. The compliance rate ranged from 60.41% to 89.58% with a weighted mean of 68.43% when data was collected through covert observation. The overall increased compliance rate reported through covert observation as compared to overt observation(P=0.007) is attributed to the Hawthorne effect. Conclusion: Compliance of the Orthopaedic consultants and residents to the standard surgical hand scrubbing technique in Orthopaedic operation theatre was significantly high with overt observation than with covert observation.Keywords: Compliance, Covert observation, Hand hygiene, Hawthorne effect, Overt observation, Surgical site infection.
The Dom, a Marginalized Community in the Syrian Music Scene
Authors: Jalo Daisam
Published: November 2024

This article examines the social and economic situation of the music making Dom groups and the social stigmatization to which they are exposed. It argues that the changing sociocultural, political, and economic conditions in Syria have led in the course of the 20th century to a shift in the focus of the Dom’s musical activities to night club music and have thus made the stigmatization worse than ever. On the other hand, the article lists the most eminent features of the Dom’s music in Syria. Moreover, it highlights some Dom figures who were or still are active in the Syrian music scene.
Evaluation of Immune-Inflammatory and Other Biomarkers in Severe COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: H. Taleb Mohammed , K. Syam Eman , M. Almasri Ihab , Hassan Mariam , M. Tawfick Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and even death. This study assessed the blood levels of immune-inflammatory and other biomarkers in severe COVID-19 diabetic patients and identified possible predictive biomarkers for disease severity. The cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Gaza from 15 February 2022 to 15 July 2022. The study patients were in three Groups (each group 14 patients): ICU severe COVID-19 diabetic patients (Group 1), non-hospitalized non-diabetic patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (Group 2) and non-COVID-19 diabetic patients (Group 3). The evaluated blood biomarkers and statistically analyzed were CRP, LDH, PCT, Ang-II, IL-6, ferritin, ESR (immune-inflammatory biomarkers), D-dimer (coagulative biomarker), CK-MB and cTn I (cardiac biomarkers), AST, ALT (liver biomarkers), HbA1c, RBC, HGB, WBC and LYM (hematologic biomarkers). ICU diabetic patients (Group 1) had the highest average age. Group 1 patients had significantly more elevated CRP, LDH, PCT, AngII, Ferritin, IL-6 and ESR, D-dimer and CK-MB levels than the other two groups at P< 0.05. Group 2 patients showed higher levels than Group 3 patients. Haematological biomarkers, except WBC, were higher among patients in Group 3 than in the other two groups. There was no significant difference between the three patient groups regarding AST and ALT levels. The study results showed a high association between LDH, PCT, Ang II, ferritin, IL-6, CK-MB, cTn I, D-dimer and LYM levels and the severity of COVID-19 in diabetic patients. These findings support the notion that DM can lead to the rapid progression of COVID-19 and make it more prone to an inflammatory cytokine storm and cardiac and coagulation problems, which could lead to various organ failures and a bad prognosis of COVID-19.
Antioxidant Activity of Embelia ribes Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Rathi Anjali , Ramesh Sindhu
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Embelia ribes is commonly known as Vidanga or false black pepper and is found abundantly in Southern parts of India, China and is widely distributed over Asia. It is shown to have a wide array of medicinal properties, which has led to its increased research in the field of medicine.Embelia ribes mediated silver nanoparticles have been used in this study as Silver nanoparticles are proven to have significant antioxidant and pharmaceutical properties due to presence of Embelin .Antioxidants protects the cells from free radicals and prevents or cures the disease faster. Aim: For the given study, we focus toassess the antioxidant activity of Embelia ribes mediated silver nanoparticles using different assay. Materials and Methods: This studyincludes preparation of Embelia ribes seed extract followed by synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The above were tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, FRAP assay and H202 assay. Results: This study demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of Embelia ribes mediated silver nanoparticles increased with increase in concentration, hence proven to be a good antioxidant. Conclusion: Embelia ribes mediated silver nanoparticles exhibit strong antioxidant activity. The current study emphasizes the fact that herbal plants are assured and reliable potent antioxidants and can be researched to be used as therapeutic agent.
Amelioration of Antipsychotic Activity of Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Piper longum and its effects on TNF-α Expression in Rat Hippocampus
Authors: N Spoorthi. , Verma Pinki , N Hemavathi.
Published: November 2024

Aim: The present research is to evaluate the Antipsychotic activity of ethanolic fruit extract of Piper longum and its effect on TNF-α expression on rat hippocampus. Materials and Methods: The fruit was collected, dried, and pulverized. Extraction was carried out with 98% ethanol by the Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical studies of the extract were investigated in this study. Two doses of the extract (200 and 400mg/kg) were used for this study. Antipsychotic activity was evaluated against psychosis-induced rats using Cook’s pole climbing apparatus, Actophotometer, and Open field model. Further, Immunohistochemistry studies of TNF-α expression and Histopathological studies of the brain and liver were also performed. Result and Discussion: The extract contains phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids, tannins, and starch. The extract produced a significant increase in the latency to climb the pole and a decrease in the locomotor activity by Actophotometer and Open field test (crossing, rearing, sniffing & grooming, etc.). Piper longum extract significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus. Histopathology of the brain stated recovery of the cells in Piper longum (400mg/kg) treated while the liver revealed that the extract is free fromhepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that ethanolic extract of Piper longum possesses potent antipsychotic activity which might be due to its modulatory action on dopamine neurotransmission.
Degradation of The Industrial Dyes using Purified Polyphenol Oxidase Isolated from Peel and Pulp of Tomato
Authors: Kumar Vaishnav Virendra , Chatterjee Tanushree , Shingdilwar Shashikant , Gurupahachan Dikesh
Published: November 2024

In India, Tomato is an essential horticulture crops which is an abundant source of polyphenol oxidase. Plants able to resist infections against microbial and viral due to presence of Polyphenol oxidases. Polyphenol oxidase was extracted from tomato peel and pulp with sodium phosphate buffer and purified through salt precipitation and dialysis. The enzyme activity of Polyphenol oxidase was determined by spectrophotometric assay using catechol. The specific activity of tomato peel crude enzyme was 16.296U/mg and purified enzyme was 240 U/mg whereas tomato pulp crude enzyme had the specific activity 5U/mg and 70U/mg in purified. Protein concentration of purified peel and pulp polyphenol oxidase was analysed 0.18μg/ml and 0.21μg/ml respectively. Dye degradation was also performed. Whereas auromine degraded by purified peel 80.76% and purified pulp 73.08%.
Correlation between Vitamin D and Serum Lipid Parameters among Individuals from North Gujarat
Authors: K. Chaudhary Pruthviraj , A. Patel Satish , M. Prajapati Laxman
Published: November 2024

Recent research has indicated a potential connection between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to explore this association among individuals from North Gujarat, India, undergoing routine health check-ups. The retrospective observational analysis included 1109 adults, focusing on their lipid profiles and serum 25(OH)D levels. Deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D < 30ng/ml. Results showed that 56% of participants had abnormal lipid levels, primarily involving LDL cholesterol. Interestingly, no considerable correlation was found between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and increased total cholesterol or triglycerides. The study underscores the need for extensive, multicenter east to west studies to provide clearer insights into this relationship within the Indian population.
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Dasatinib in Bulk and Niosomal Formulation
Authors: S. Dhole Rani , A. Hajare Ashok , B. Varne Priyanka
Published: November 2024

The accurate, fast, cost effective RP- HPLC chromatographic method was developed and validated as per the ICH guidelines, for linearity, accuracy, interday-intraday precision, specificity and selectivity, robustness, solution stability. Current study is focused on the method development of dasatinib (DS) which is having anticancer activity by inhibiting tyrosine kinase enzyme. Standard curve of DS was constructed in methanol at λmax 325 nm using UV spectroscope. For RP-HPLC method development mobile phase used was acetonitrile: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer in the ratio 60:40 %v/v, with flow rate of 1 mL/min at a temperature of 30 ℃. Maximum wavelength 325 nm were selected for the analysis of DS. The linearity of the solution was detected at 325 nm within the concentration range from 20 -120 µg/mL with a correlation value (R2) of 0.999975 indicating a very strong relationship between dependent and independent variables suggesting the accuracy of the method selected. The concentration of DS in niosomes was determined by the currently developed method. Validation parameters were used to evaluate, specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. About 98-102 (%v/v) of DS was found to be within standard limits and compliant with the standards set by the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) demonstrating the accuracy of the method used. The RP-HPLC method is more sensitive, accurate and precise compared to the previously reported method. There was no interference of excipients in the recovery study. The low value of %RSD was suggested that the developed method is sensitive. The proposed reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method proved to be convenient, simple and effective for the quality control of DS.
Barndomstraumer og langvarige smerter hos barn, ungdom og unge voksne
Authors: Baumann-Larsen Monica , Endresen Reme Silje , Stensland Synne Øien
Published: November 2024

Bullying, physical violence, sexual abuse, loss of loved ones, accidents, disasters or other potentially traumatic events or situations in childhood are associated with a range of health problems and related functional impairment. New research findings suggest that such childhood trauma can lead to young people developing chronic pain with frequent use of painkillers already in childhood and adolescence. The high risk of adverse trajectories may indicate that young people who develop pain after childhood trauma lack access to early effective interventions. Trauma-exposed children and young people with long-term pain and other accompanying post-traumatic reactions may benefit little from established pain management. Knowledge of risk, resiliency and key pain mechanisms following childhood trauma can strengthen clinical management. This review article explores theoretical and empirical perspectives on how childhood trauma and related biological, psychological and social factors and reactions can contribute to the development of chronic pain and the use of painkillers among children and adolescents.

Keywords: Childhood trauma, posttraumatic stress, chronic pain, PTSD, analgesics
Enhancing Power Flow Through Advanced Application of Extreme Learning Machine Generator Capability Curve
Authors: Mat Syai’in
Published: November 2024

Power flow analysis is a key component in system evaluation. Among the various methods available, the Newton-Raphson approach is particularly effective. However, this method typically represents the generator capability curve (GCC) using a quadrilateral limit, defined by Pmin-Pmax and Qmin-Qmax constraints. This often results in certain parts of the GCC being disregarded, which can lead to less optimal performance during power flow analysis. To address this issue, this study introduces a new method: the Extreme Learning Machine Generator Capability Curve (ELMGCC), which aims to more accurately represent the shape of the GCC. ELMGCC replaces the traditional rectangular limits to better constrain the generator's operating point during power flow calculations. The study applies ELM-GCC to both the Newton-Raphson (NR) and Fast Decoupled (FD) power flow methods to assess the effectiveness of this new approach. Simulation results using IEEE 30 Bus data with slight modifications show that the proposed method can maintain PV Bus performance up to 83.33% and reduce losses by 0.108216368053700 MW and 0.872096049537200 MVar for the NR method, and by 0.108236277781099 MW and 0.872099845833500 MVar for the FD method.
“Social Impacts of AI – Powered Online Reviews : An Ethical Consideration”
Authors: Khushboo Sharma, Niharika Maharshi
Published: November 2024

In the era of AI-powered online reviews, ethical considerations have assumed a central role in shaping the digital marketplace. This abstract explores key ethical issues surrounding these reviews, including algorithmic bias, transparency, data privacy, authenticity, and their implications. Algorithmic bias in review recommendations raises concerns about fairness, while a lack of transparency challenges accountability. Data privacy and informed consent are pivotal in the age of personalized reviews. Detecting fraudulent or AI-generated reviews remains a persistent challenge, impacting the credibility of review platforms. To address these concerns, robust ethical guidelines, advanced fraud detection mechanisms, and transparency measures are essential. Governments and regulatory bodies are actively considering regulatory frameworks to ensure responsible AI use. Balancing the potential benefits of AI- powered online reviews with ethical considerations is crucial to foster trust, fairness, and accountability in the digital marketplace.
Assessment of the Location Accuracy of Points Obtained with A Low-Cost Lidar Scanning System and GNSS Method
Authors: Demirel Yasin , Türk Tarık
Published: November 2024

In the geomatics discipline, the most important element in road works, infrastructure works, excavation and filling applications, forest inventory determination, geological studies, deformation detection, and even smart cities and digital twins with developing technology, transportation-based applications, infrastructure works and renovations is location information. 3D location information can be obtained in many different ways using ground surveying methods and satellite technologies. Although these methods have various advantages over each other, the main objective is to obtain precise location information quickly and accurately according to the projects. Speed and cost are considered to be the most important criteria for users when obtaining location information. Today, using ViDoc- Real Time Kinematic (RTK) antennas integrated with Iphone/Ipad Pro devices with IOS operating system, high accuracy laser scanning operations and 3D position acquisition are possible. The ViDoc RTK antenna is an RTK antenna that can be attached to the Apple IPad Pro tablet, iPhone 12 Pro and iPhone 12 Pro Max and higher model phones equipped with Lidar sensors. In this study, 13 points with different heights homogeneously distributed in the study area were identified and their positions were obtained with the RTK-GNSS receiver using the CORS-TR. Subsequently, the positions of these points were also determined using the ViDoc RTK antenna. The positions of these points obtained with the help of RTK-GNSS were accepted as correct and the position accuracies obtained by both methods were compared. ViDoc resulted in an average accuracy of 4.9 cm horizontally and 5.6 cm vertically. These results show that ViDoc RTK antenna integrated with IPad/IPhone with IOS system equipped with Lidar sensors can be used in sensitive studies such as 3D documentation of historical and cultural buildings and feature data collection.
Automated adaptive testing vs. linear testing in undergraduate mathematics
Authors: Aas Øyvind , Leithe Wasana
Published: November 2024

We conduct a lab-based randomized controlled trial with 47 undergraduate students in mathematics, comparing an automated adaptive testing system, which adjusts difficulty based on performance, to traditional linear tests. Results shows that students using the adaptive test scored 26.2 percentage points higher on a subsequent exam than those in the linear test group (p < 0.05). Feedback indicate that participants found the system user-friendly, believed it could improve their performance, and valued the tailored feedback, particularly guidance on focus areas.
Applying Liljedahl’s Thinking Classrooms in a Higher Education Digital Technology Course
Authors: Idland Terje , Gonzalez Rolando , Aas Øyvind
Published: November 2024

This paper explores student learning experiences in the ICT course Digital Technology using one specific pedagogical approach, Pe- ter Liljedahl’s ”Thinking classrom”. We assigned 25 students to random groups to solve a network problem on whiteboards and conducted in- depth interviews with 10 participants. Thematic analysis revealed im- proved communication and academic focus, though knowledgeable stu- dents still took more active roles. While most students felt engaged, some noted drawbacks such as increased energy demands, awkwardness, and reduced autonomy, and expressed concerns about using this method for summative assessments.
Programmeringsparadokset etter Sfard og Leron
Authors: Aksnes Oline Sæverud , Brandsæter Andreas , Petersen Elise Indregård , Schaathun Hans Georg
Published: November 2024

Sfard og Leron (1996) observerte at studentar arbeider flittigare og oftare lukkast når dei programmerer enn dei gjer med analytisk matematikk, sjølv om programmeringsoppgåva løyser det same matematiske problemet i ein meir generell form. Her går me gjennom relevant litteratur og teori for å drøfta kvifor det kan vera slik. Dette reiser interessante spørsmål både om korleis me kan bruka programmering for å styrka matematikkforståinga og korleis ein best lærer programmering.
Adherence to antiretroviral drugs: self-reported of missed doses and associated factors in people living with HIV
Authors: Estevam Denize Lotufo , Luppi Carla Gianna , Silva Maria Aparecida , Kalichman Artur Olhovetchi , Bivanco-Lima Danielle , Rocha Simone Queiroz
Published: November 2024

Introduction: AIDS has become a chronic disease that may not be sexually transmitted as long as people living with HIV take their medications correctly. Therefore, adherence to antiretroviral drugs remains a central issue for therapeutic success. Objective: To describe the prevalence of self-reported missed doses of antiretroviral drugs (MDARV) in people living with HIV and analyze its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a specialized service on STI/HIV/AIDS in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The data sources used were a self-administered form and the Database of the Laboratory Test Control System of the National Network for CD4+/CD8+ Lymphocyte Count and HIV Viral Load. The dependent variable was the self-report of MDARV by users in the last three days. The independent variables were related to sociodemographic, behavioral, and healthcare-associated characteristics. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among the 510 responding participants, the MDARV prevalence in the last three days was 15.9% (95%CI 12.69–19.06). Factors associated with MDARV were detectable viral load, practicing a religion, change of residence in the last year, use of drugs, and more than 11 years of treatment. Knowing CD4+ T lymphocyte count was associated with protection regarding missed doses.Conclusion: Monitoring MDARV self-report is a simple tool that can improve comprehensive care for people living with HIV/AIDS.
La inteligencia artificial en el sector financiero: implicaciones y avances bajo la perspectiva de un banco central
Authors: Balsategui Iván , Gorjón Sergio , Marqués José Manuel
Published: November 2024

La adopción del Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial por parte de la Unión Europea, junto con
la irrupción de los grandes modelos de lenguaje [Large Language Models (LLM)], basados en
modelos fundacionales, o, de forma más genérica, de la inteligencia artificial generativa (GenAI,
por sus siglas en inglés), ha despertado un renovado interés, dentro y fuera de la industria
financiera, sobre las oportunidades y limitaciones que puede entrañar esta tecnología como
elemento transformador de la sociedad. Este artículo tiene por objeto proporcionar el contexto
en el que se han producido los avances recientes y ponerlos en perspectiva, identificar posibles
hojas de ruta dentro del sistema financiero y enunciar, asimismo, los obstáculos y estímulos
más importantes que podrían constreñir o favorecer su desarrollo a medio y a largo plazo.
The Presence Of Endogenous Factors Leading To The Failure Of Small Businesses In The Presevo Valley
Authors: Jahiu Dr. Flutra
Published: November 2024

The business success today, in a very dynamic market with rapid changes, under the pressure of various environmental forces, is more difficult for small businesses. This is due to intense competition, the large population of small businesses, but also due to the specific characteristics of small businesses, both structurally and managerially, which make them fragile and non-resistant to the influence of various environmental factors. Some of these factors lead to failure and even to the closure of small businesses. This is evidenced by the closure of many small businesses every year in the Republic of Serbia, especially in the Presevo Valley, as one of the most undeveloped regions. The failure of small businesses is caused by many factors, both endogenous and exogenous. Although managers cannot influence exogenous factors, they can identify and manage endogenous factors in their enterprises to avoid the failure of their small business.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of endogenous factors leading to the failure of active small businesses in the Presevo Valley. Through empirical research of owners/managers of active small businesses in the Presevo Valley, the aim is to identify the organizational structure of small businesses and the managerial practices they implement. Furthermore, to determine if the research results correspond to the endogenous factors leading to the failure of the small business. The research results help owners/managers focus on changing and improving these factors (in case of their presence) and better manage to avoid failure, maintaining stability of their small business.
Feminismo, cuerpo y comunicación.
Authors: Rizo García Marta , Pech Salvador Cynthia Eugenia
Published: November 2024

El ensayo aborda la relación entre el cuerpo y la comunicación desde una mirada feminista. En un primer momento se plantea la genealogía del tema del cuerpo en el pensamiento feminista; posteriormente, se reflexiona en torno a las relaciones entre el cuerpo y la comunicación desde enfoques socioculturales y fenomenológicos; por último, se exponen reflexiones y ejemplos sobre lo que puede aportar una mirada feminista a la investigación sobre cuerpo y comunicación. A lo largo del texto se presentan temas empíricos que relacionan el cuerpo, la comunicación y lo afectivo en clave feminista.
Emerging Piezoelectric Metamaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yan Zishuo , Tran Huy , Ma Dezun , Xie Jingwei
Published: November 2024

Review
Emerging Piezoelectric Metamaterials for Biomedical Applications

Zishuo Yan 1, Huy Tran 1, Dezun Ma 1 and Jingwei Xie 1,2,*

1 Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
2 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
* Correspondence: jingwei.xie@unmc.edu
Received: 30 September 2024; Revised: 18 November 2024; Accepted: 20 November 2024; Published: 21 November 2024
 

Abstract: Emerging piezoelectric metamaterials hold immense promise for biomedical applications by merging the intrinsic electrical properties of piezoelectricity with the precise architecture of metamaterials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various piezoelectric materials- such as molecular crystals, ceramics, and polymers—known for their exceptional piezoelectric performance and biocompatibility. We explore the advanced engineering approaches, including molecular design, supramolecular packing, and 3D assembly, which enable the customization of piezoelectric properties for targeted biomedical applications. Particular attention is given to the pivotal role of metamaterial structuring in the development of 0D spheres, 1D fibers and tubes, 2D films, and 3D scaffolds. Key biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and biosensing, are discussed through illustrative examples. Finally, the article addresses critical challenges and future directions, aiming to drive further innovations in piezoelectric biomaterials for next-generation healthcare technologies.
Educational actions in childhood improve the perception of healthiness and sensory acceptance of sfiha with watercress presented in different packaging
Authors: Wolff Élide Rebechi , Alvarado Angely Vanessa Rodriguez , Amaral Luane Aparecida do , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Novello Daiana
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this research is to measure the effect of educational actions on the perception of healthiness and sensory acceptance of a food product, with and without the addition of watercress, packaging in different containers. The study was organized in three stages: the children evaluated the perception of healthiness and the sensory acceptance of two samples of sfiha, with and without the addition of watercress, in four different packaging, varying in color and information. Subsequently, theoretical and practical educational activities were conducted with the children, and, at the end, they evaluated the products again. The physicochemical composition of the sfihas was also investigated. In general, regardless of the packaging type, there was an increase in the perception of healthiness and acceptance of the product with and without watercress after the actions were carried out. The addition of the vegetable increased the moisture and ash content of the product. It is concluded that educational actions increase the perception of healthiness and sensory acceptance of sfiha, with or without watercress, presented in different packaging. In addition, the inclusion of watercress in the product improves its nutritional profile, which promotes healthier products for children.
Política de Planejamento de Contratações de Serviços: estratégia para implementação em órgãos públicos
Authors: Marçal Maria Fabiana Coutinho , Mendes Vera Lúcia Peixoto Santos , Gurgel Júnior Garibaldi Dantas
Published: November 2024

Este artigo objetiva propor uma estratégia de implementação da política de planejamento das contratações que proporcione a internalização das novas diretrizes de planejamento das contratações de serviços para gerar melhores resultados para a administração pública e para a sociedade. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, mediante estudo de caso único, com a realização de grupos focais e entrevistas, utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo para a interpretação dos dados. A partir dos dados coletados, adota-se a “síntese” como proposta metodológica de implementação da política, pelos aspectos evidenciados das perspectivas top-down (de cima para baixo) e bottom-up (de baixo para cima). Os resultados mostram a importância do envolvimento e do conhecimento dos atores como elementos-chave na implementação da política. Como desafios, apresentam-se: a celeridade nas respostas às demandas diante das restrições encontradas em cada contexto local, a exemplos de: escassez de pessoal e o tempo requerido para a execução do planejamento da contratação.
Inovação no Setor Público: o caso do curso de Letramento Digital em Campina Grande – PB
Authors: Maia Nathália Costa , Nascimento Alex Bruno Ferreira Marques do , Maracajá Kettrin Farias Bem
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa se insere no contexto que desafios inerentes ao inovar na esfera pública desencadeia nos governos a necessidade de se reinventarem continuamente. Portanto, os fatores que antecedem o processo da inovação precisam ser mais compreendidos nas pesquisas, uma vez incluido os contextos particulares que o setor possui. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consiste em analisar os principais antecedentes à inovação ocorridas na implantação do curso de Letramento Digital, elaborado e oferecido pela Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Campina Grande-PB na percepção de seus formuladores e gestores. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, em que se emprega o método indutivo, realizando um estudo de caso. O perfil da equipe da gestão e formuladores da inovação foi amplamente citado como o maior indutor entre as categorias em análise. No tocante à falta de infraestrutura, considerada como a maior barreira à inovação, relacionada, inicialmente à falta de recursos, é compreendido pelo modelo enraizado de controles rígidos dos processos e recursos dentro da administração pública brasileira.