bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Civic Virtue of Communal Space
Authors: Zhu Yushu , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2016

Drawing on a citywide survey of 39 urban neighborhoods and a qualitative case study of a neighborhood in Guangzhou, China, this research addresses how communal space, social capital, and neighborhood attachment (NA) jointly shape neighborhood participation (NP). Communal space is strongly and significantly associated with NP. Furthermore, we find that communal space is related to NP in two ways: promoting place-based social relations (the social-capital mechanism) and nurturing place attachment (the intrapsychic mechanism). These findings point to the significance of communal space as a civic focal point in community building and place making.
Clutter, Chaos, and Overconsumption
Authors: Vartanian Lenny R. , Kernan Kristin M. , Wansink Brian
Published: February 2016

How do cluttered, chaotic environments—such as messy kitchens—influence snacking behavior? How does one’s mind-set help prevent unwanted snacking from occurring? One hundred one female undergraduate students participated under standard-kitchen conditions or in a chaotic-kitchen condition. Participants were also asked to recall and write about a time when they felt particularly in control or particularly out of control. Finally, participants were given cookies, crackers, and carrots to taste and rate. Participants in the chaotic-kitchen condition and the out-of-control mind-set condition consumed more cookies (103 kcal) than did participants who were in the in-control mind-set condition (38 kcal). The chaotic environment had no impact on consumption of crackers or carrots. Although a chaotic environment can create a vulnerability to making unhealthy food choices, one’s mind-set in that environment can either trigger or buffer against that vulnerability.
Prospects for the UK Economy
Authors: Kirby Simon , Carreras Oriol , Meaning Jack , Piggott Rebecca , Warren James
Published: February 2016

The production of this forecast is supported by the Institute's Corporate Members: Bank of England, HM Treasury, Mizuho Research Institute Ltd, Office for National Statistics, Santander (UK) plc and by the members of the NiGEM users group.
Liquidity Regulation: Rationales, Benefits and Costs
Authors: De Nicolò Gianni
Published: February 2016

This paper reviews the market failures that may justify the need for liquidity regulation, assesses whether liquidity regulation is a necessary complement to Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) policies, capital regulation and prompt corrective action, surveys the available evidence on the net benefits of liquidity regulation, and concludes by outlining research directions useful to improve bank regulation design.
Religious Pluralism and New Political Identities in Latin America
Authors: Parker Cristián
Published: February 2016

The role of religion in Latin American politics can no longer be interpreted with reductionist schemes. The faithful—citizens—are combining faith and politics in unprecedented ways, and churches and denominations are no longer factors of political identity. The reconfiguration of new social and political movements interweaves complex linkages with the religious. The transformations of the political field and especially of democratic processes have reshaped identities in a context of increasing religious and cultural diversity with relatively less Catholic presence and greater Evangelical presence. Institutional secularization and religious pluralism seem to go hand in hand with a new cleavage between religion and politics.

La presencia de lo religioso en el campo político latinoamericano ya no puede ser interpretada con esquemas reduccionistas. Los fieles—ciudadanos—entremezclan fe y política de maneras inéditas, y las iglesias y denominaciones ya no son factor de identidad política. La re-configuración de los nuevos movimientos sociales y políticos entretejen vinculaciones complejas con lo religioso. Las transformaciones del campo político y en especial de los procesos democráticos han redefinido las identidades en un contexto de diversidad religiosa y cultural creciente con menor presencia relativa católica y mayor presencia evangélica. Secularización institucional y garantía del pluralismo religioso parecen ir de la mano con un nuevo clivaje entre religión y política.
Welfare policies and budget allocation for migrants in South Korea
Authors: Kim Anna
Published: February 2016

This paper examines welfare policies and budget allocation of programs for different migrant groups in South Korea. The results of a budget allocation analysis show that social welfare policies for migrants predominantly focus on the group of marriage migrant women, whereas foreign workers are excluded from many welfare policies, although they comprise the majority of migrants in Korea. The concentration of welfare policies on marriage migrant women may result in program duplication and hinder the balanced treatment of migrants in Korea. A restructured allocation of the budget would contribute not only to promoting the successful integration of migrants but also to enhancing the efficiency of public expenditure.
Ethnic–Racial Identity of Black Emerging Adults: The Role of Parenting and Ethnic–Racial Socialization
Authors: Reynolds Jamila E. , Gonzales-Backen Melinda A. , Allen Kimberly A. , Hurley Eric A. , Donovan Roxanne A. , Schwartz Seth J. , Hudson Monika , Agocha Bede , Williams Michelle
Published: February 2016

Ethnic–racial identity (ERI) development is important for ethnic–racial minority youth because of its association with their positive adjustment. Guided by Garcia Coll’s ecocultural framework and using survey data from 729 Black college students, we examined the associations between relationships with parents (i.e., disrespect, psychological control, nurturance, and connection), ethnic–racial socialization (ERS), and ERI in hopes of understanding ways to promote ERI formation. Findings from two multiple group models suggested that, among men, nurturance from mothers and fathers was associated with ERI and these associations were mediated by ERS. For women, connection with mothers was associated with ERI through ERS and nurturance from fathers was indirectly and positively associated with ERI through ERS. Contrary to our hypothesis, disrespect from fathers was positively associated with ERI via ERS, but only for women. Findings suggest that both ERS and the parent–child relationship are important for ERI formation among Black emerging adults.
Miniature Swine for Preclinical Modeling of Complexities of Human Disease for Translational Scientific Discovery and Accelerated Development of Therapies and Medical Devices
Authors: Schomberg Dominic T. , Tellez Armando , Meudt Jennifer J. , Brady Dane A. , Dillon Krista N. , Arowolo Folagbayi K. , Wicks Joan , Rousselle Serge D. , Shanmuganayagam Dhanansayan
Published: February 2016

Noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer, are the leading cause of death in the world. The cost, both monetary and time, of developing therapies to prevent, treat, or manage these diseases has become unsustainable. A contributing factor is inefficient and ineffective preclinical research, in which the animal models utilized do not replicate the complex physiology that influences disease. An ideal preclinical animal model is one that responds similarly to intrinsic and extrinsic influences, providing high translatability and concordance of preclinical findings to humans. The overwhelming genetic, anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological similarities to humans make miniature swine an ideal model for preclinical studies of human disease. Additionally, recent development of precision gene-editing tools for creation of novel genetic swine models allows the modeling of highly complex pathophysiology and comorbidities. As such, the utilization of swine models in early research allows for the evaluation of novel drug and technology efficacy while encouraging redesign and refinement before committing to clinical testing. This review highlights the appropriateness of the miniature swine for modeling complex physiologic systems, presenting it as a highly translational preclinical platform to validate efficacy and safety of therapies and devices.
Neoliberal paternalism and paradoxical subjects: Confusion and contradiction in UK activation policy
Authors: Whitworth Adam
Published: February 2016

The twin thrusts of neoliberal paternalism have in recent decades become fused elements of diverse reform agendas across the advanced economies, yet neoliberalism and paternalism present radically divergent and even contradictory views of the subject across the four key spaces of ontology, teleology, deontology and ascetics. These internal fractures in the conceptual and resulting policy framework of neoliberal paternalism present considerable risks around unintended policy mismatch across these four spaces or, alternatively, offer significant flexibility for deliberate mismatch and ‘storying’ by policy makers. This article traces these tensions in the context of the UK Coalition government’s approach to the unemployed and outlines a current policy approach to employment activation that is filled with ambiguity, inconsistency and contradiction in its understanding of the subject, the ‘problem’ and the policy ‘solution’.
Teaching Parents Enhanced Milieu Teaching With Words and Signs Using the Teach-Model-Coach-Review Model
Authors: Wright Courtney A. , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: February 2016

Measuring treatment fidelity is an essential step in research designed to increase the use of evidence-based practices. For parent-implemented communication interventions, measuring the implementation of the teaching and coaching provided to the parents is as critical as measuring the parents’ delivery of the intervention to the child. Both levels of measurement are important in translating research into effective practice. In a single-case multiple-baseline design, the effectiveness of the teach-model-coach-review model for teaching Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) Words and Signs to parents of young children with Down syndrome was evaluated. Implementation of parent training was completed with high fidelity. In addition, there was a functional relation between the implementation of the parent training and parents’ use of the specific EMT intervention strategies. The findings of this study replicate and extend previous studies suggesting systematic teaching and coaching can be effective in improving parent use of naturalistic communication strategies.
Communibiology and Humor
Authors: Ramsey Matthew C.
Published: February 2016

Participants ( N = 323) at a midsized university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States completed self-report measures: personality factors (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism) and communicative functions of humor (identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation). Analyses of structural models indicated that psychoticism predicted clarification, enforcement, and differentiation humor. Extraversion predicted identification, enforcement, and differentiation humor. Neuroticism was not observed as a significant predictor of the humor functions. The results offer support for the communibiological paradigm, which argues that neurobiological personality factors meaningfully account for the ways in which individuals communicate.
The role of occupational therapists in the provision of dietary interventions for people with severe mental illness: Results from a national survey
Authors: Williams Lauren , Magin Prudence , Sultana Joshua , Haracz Kirsti
Published: February 2016

Introduction

People living with severe mental illness are at least twice as likely to be obese as the general population, partly due to lifestyle risk factors including poor diet quality. This study aims to quantify how Australian mental health occupational therapists address the dietary issues of people with severe mental illness.

Method

A 23-item cross-sectional online survey was distributed via email to all members of Occupational Therapy Australia, with those working in mental health (an estimated 305 members) invited to participate. Response frequencies were analysed in SPSS. Open-ended comments were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Eight-six eligible participants (28.2% of the target population) completed the full survey. Most (81%) felt confident in providing healthy eating advice, with 76% reporting being self-educated about nutrition. Dietitian support for complex advice was seen as beneficial by 88%, but only 30% reported reasonable access to dietitians. Qualitative themes included: accessing dietitians, information and education, and putting advice into practice.

Conclusion

There is potential to enhance the credentialling and continuing education of occupational therapists and improve inter-professional collaboration with dietitians to assist the occupational therapist in achieving better health and reducing the burden of chronic disease for people experiencing severe mental illness.
Time Is on My Side
Authors: Piatak Jaclyn S.
Published: February 2016

In light of high unemployment and declining volunteer rates, this study examines the complex relationship between time, employment, and volunteering. Are unemployed people more likely to volunteer due to newfound time or to obtain some benefit? Alternatively, are the unemployed less likely to volunteer due to their loss of social ties or feelings of insecurity? A framework tying together four competing theories—opportunity cost, exchange, social ties, and attachment—into positive and negative influences is put forth and tested using pooled U.S. data from 2003 to 2013. The duration of unemployment emerges as a key factor, where volunteering decreases over time. Findings suggest organizations should recruit volunteers from untapped and under-represented groups, especially because the supply of volunteers is not endless. For example, unemployed volunteers devote more time but are less likely to receive an invitation to volunteer. Dedicated individuals may not volunteer simply because no one asks them.
Tool condition monitoring system based on support vector machine and differential evolution optimization
Authors: Wang Guo F , Xie Qing L , Zhang Yan C
Published: February 2016

A tool condition monitoring system based on support vector machine and differential evolution is proposed in this article. In this system, support vector machine is used to realize the mapping between the extracted features and the tool wear states. At the same time, two important parameters of the support vector machine which are called penalty parameter C and kernel parameter [Formula: see text] are optimized simultaneously based on differential evolution algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, a multi-tooth milling experiment of titanium alloy was carried out. Cutting force signals related to different tool wear states were collected, and several time domain and frequency domain features were extracted to depict the dynamic characteristics of the milling process. Based on the extracted features, the differential evolution-support vector machine classifier is constructed to realize the tool wear classification. Moreover, to make a comparison, empirical selection method and four kinds of grid search algorithms are also used to select the support vector machine parameters. At the same time, cross validation is utilized to improve the robustness of the classifier evaluation. The results of analysis and comparisons show that the classification accuracy of differential evolution-support vector machine is higher than empirical selection-support vector machine. Moreover, the time consumption of differential evolution-support vector machine classifier is 5 to 12 times less than that of grid search-support vector machine.
Advanced occupancy sensing for energy efficiency in office buildings
Authors: Ekwevugbe Tobore , Brown Neil , Pakka Vijayanarasimha , Fan Denis
Published: February 2016

Control systems for heating, ventilation and air conditioning in non-domestic buildings often operate to fixed schedules, assuming maximum occupancy during business hours. Since lower occupancies usually mean less demand for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, energy savings could be made. Air quality sensing, often combined with temperature sensing, has performed sufficiently in the past for this if maintained properly, although sensor and control failures may increase energy use by as much as 50%. As energy costs increase, coupled with increased complexity in building services and reduced commissioning time, all placing ever higher demands on sensing, building controls must meet increasingly stringent environmental requirements, whilst also improving reliability. Sensor fusion offers performance and resilience to meet these demands, while cost and privacy are key factors which are also met. This article describes a neural network approach to sensor fusion for occupancy estimation. Feature selection was carried out using symmetrical uncertainty analysis, while fusion of sensor features used a back-propagation neural network, with occupant count accuracy exceeding 74%.
By royal appointment – The Chase Family of Apothecaries
Authors: Connor Henry
Published: February 2016

Medical dynasties are not uncommon, but medical dynasties which serve royalty are rare. This paper describes the work and responsibilities of three successive generations of the Chase family who served as apothecaries to a total of seven British monarchs. Two of them were also Masters of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London, as also was a later member of the family.
Decentralisation of the minimum wage setting in Russia: Causes and consequences
Authors: Lukiyanova Anna , Vishnevskaya Nina
Published: February 2016

In this article, we study the minimum wage setting reform in Russia that aimed to decentralise the fixing of the minimum wage and to increase the involvement of social partners into this process. The old system of minimum wage setting was based on a single nationwide minimum wage which was differentiated across regions and occupations via a cumbersome framework of coefficients. The new system is a mixture of the government-set minimum wage at the federal level and collective agreements at the regional level. We show that the system of minimum wage setting has become more flexible. The reform succeeded in raising the real value of the minimum wage and increasing earnings of low-paid workers without causing significant negative effects in terms of employment. The reform did not lead to greater regional variation of minimum wages. Nevertheless, it introduced some new imbalances: an unintended consequence of the reform was the emergence of separate regional wage sub-minima for private and public sector workers in many regions. The major challenge in coming years is to strengthen the institutions of collective bargaining, introduce evidence-based evaluation and boost the capacities of government and non-government monitoring agencies.
Authenticating Family
Authors: Rickards Tracey , McLeod Deborah
Published: February 2016

Authenticating family is a process of becoming a lesbian stepfamily, working to affirm strong and healthy family relationships, and learning to accept nothing less than acknowledgment and inclusion as legitimate. Authenticating family demonstrates that the internal function of becoming a stepfamily is not dissimilar to that of heterosexual stepfamilies. Frequent encounters that are heterosexist underscore the challenges faced by lesbian stepfamilies. The new stepfamily faces obstacles that contest the sense of legitimacy for all family members. These families learn from multiple interactions among themselves and with outsiders how to negotiate a new understanding of family. The conditions that impact the process are age of the children, support, and heterosexism. The lesbian stepfamily develops the ability to demonstrate pride to a society that has marginalized in the past, even as society is evolving in acceptance. There are three stages in authenticating family: accepting the challenge, building the bonds, and thriving.
Using Reality Therapy to Facilitate Successful Aging in Clinical Practice
Authors: Sauerheber Jill Duba , Graham Mary Amanda , Britzman Mark J. , Jenkins Chelsey
Published: February 2016

Within the next 15 years, the population of older persons in the United States is expected to reach 20% of the population by 2030. Undoubtedly, there will be an increase in the number of older persons with mental health issues as well as issues simply related to aging. The purpose of this article is twofold. It will briefly examine how the counseling profession has addressed the needs of the aging population. Second, it will provide an introduction to reality therapy as a flexible theoretical approach that can be tailored to individuals throughout the life span. This approach can help older persons in making choices that are need fulfilling and tailored to match their dreams and identified wants.
Between Ideals and Practice
Authors: Eberholst Mads Kæmsgaard , Hartley Jannie Møller , Olsen Maria Bendix
Published: February 2016

This article looks at journalism students’ experiences in a course that simulates an online newsroom. On the basis of a quantitative survey and more qualitative reflections from the students, we explore the dilemmas that students experience “working” as online journalists and how these are related to broader issues of journalistic ethics. Some of these experienced problems are, combined with the technological mechanisms, much embodied in online journalism and in journalistic practice in general. The survey indicates that the problems amplify the discrepancy between the students’ expectation of good journalism and the perceived practice of online journalism. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of providing a course that simulates a real newsroom.
Comorbidity of Adult ADHD and Its Subtypes With Substance Use Disorder in a Large Population-Based Epidemiological Study
Authors: Capusan Andrea J. , Bendtsen Preben , Marteinsdottir Ina , Larsson Henrik
Published: February 2016

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the role and possible substance preference in ADHD and subtypes in substance use disorder (SUD). Method: Using self-report data on ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) symptoms and SUD (alcohol, illicit drugs, and nicotine) in 18,167 Swedish twins, aged 20 to 45 years, we obtained odds ratios (OR) from mixed effect logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, education, and nonindependence of twin data. Results: Increased ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with increased odds for all SUD. ORs ranged between 1.33 for regular nicotine (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 1.59]); 2.54 for multiple drug use (95% CI = [2.00, 3.23]), and 3.58 for alcohol dependence (95% CI = [2.86, 4.49]). Conclusion: ADHD symptoms and subtypes in the population are associated with increased risks for all SUD outcomes, with no difference between ADHD subtypes, no substance preference, and no sex differences for the comorbidity. Clinicians need to consider ADHD evaluation and treatment as part of management of SUD in adults.
EITC Use in Shared Placement Cases
Authors: Li Hsueh-Hsiang , Scholz John Karl , Brown Patricia R.
Published: February 2016

We use a unique data set containing information from state individual income tax returns, Wisconsin unemployment insurance wage data, and data collected by hand from Wisconsin courthouses to examine the earned income tax credit (EITC) usage by divorced men and women with children. We show that a large percentage of divorced adults with children file tax returns. Moreover, many receive the EITC benefit through the tax system, which results in substantial additional resources for the household. We find little evidence of divorced parents engaging in strategic allocations of their children to maximize EITC claims. We also find that many EITC-eligible low-income parents fail to claim it. A potentially cost-effective way to increase the resources available to low-income working families is to provide easy-to-understand information on child-related provisions in the tax code at the time the court order is established.
An MPI/OpenACC implementation of a high-order electromagnetics solver with GPUDirect communication
Authors: Otten Matthew , Gong Jing , Mametjanov Azamat , Vose Aaron , Levesque John , Fischer Paul , Min Misun
Published: February 2016

We present performance results and an analysis of a message passing interface (MPI)/OpenACC implementation of an electromagnetic solver based on a spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin discretization of the time-dependent Maxwell equations. The OpenACC implementation covers all solution routines, including a highly tuned element-by-element operator evaluation and a GPUDirect gather–scatter kernel to effect nearest neighbor flux exchanges. Modifications are designed to make effective use of vectorization, streaming, and data management. Performance results using up to 16,384 graphics processing units of the Cray XK7 supercomputer Titan show more than 2.5× speedup over central processing unit-only performance on the same number of nodes (262,144 MPI ranks) for problem sizes of up to 6.9 billion grid points. We discuss performance-enhancement strategies and the overall potential of GPU-based computing for this class of problems.
Associations of depression status and hopelessness with breast cancer: A 24-year follow-up study
Authors: Mitchell Amanda M , Pössel Patrick , Van Voorhees Benjamin W , Eaton William W
Published: February 2016

This study extended the literature by examining whether three profiles of depression predicted breast cancer status. In 1076 women of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, depression status and hopelessness were measured at baseline and breast cancer status was ascertained 24 years later. Double depression, but not major depression or dysthymia, was associated with breast cancer. Hopelessness predicted fewer new cases of breast cancer. When double depression and hopelessness were simultaneously entered as predictors, the regression weights of both predictors increased. The role of severe and extended duration depression as well as possible explanations for unexpected findings are discussed.
Beyond a logic of quality: Opening space for material-discursive practices of ‘readiness’ in early years education
Authors: Evans Katherine
Published: February 2016

This article is an exploration of the possibilities encountered through shifting from a ‘logic of quality’ to a ‘space of meaning-making’ within early years education. Focusing on ideas of ‘readiness’, this discussion aims to challenge normative understandings that relate this concept to the predictable achievement of fixed goals and outcomes. This article approaches ‘quality’ as a particular form of logic and seeks to explore new directions in thought and practice opened by shifting into a space of ‘meaning-making’. Aspects of new materialist thought are entangled in this space of meaning-making, creating opportunities for renewed understandings and practices of ‘readiness’. Binaries of human/material and discourse/matter are problematized with the intention of unsettling dominant constructions of ‘readiness’ as an independently representable and individualized identity. The article concludes by exploring an alternative understanding of ‘readiness’ as a material-affective relation between bodies (both material and human). Situated through a self-reflexive example from an early years setting in England, it is argued that entangling an attention to materiality within a space of meaning-making creates space to challenge the status quo, creating the potential for new ways of understanding experiences and happenings in early years contexts.
Shifting foundations: Journalism and the power of the ‘common good’
Authors: Hess Kristy
Published: February 2016

This essay rethinks the relationship between news media and the universal notion of the ‘common good’ as a key foundational concept for journalism studies. It challenges dominant liberal democratic theories of the press linked to the idea of the ‘public good’ to offer a new way of conceptualizing news media’s relationship to civic life that incorporates power and legitimacy in the changing media world. In doing so, it argues current understandings of journalism’s relationship to the common good also require some re-alignment. The essay draws on Pierre Bourdieu to contend the common good can be understood as a global doxa – an unquestionable orthodoxy that operates as if it were objective truth – across wider social space. How this is carried out in practice depends on the specific context in which it is understood. It positions the common good in relation to news media’s symbolic power to construct reality and argues certain elites generate and reinforce their legitimacy by being perceived as central to negotiating understandings of the common good with links to culture, community and shared values.
A field experiment on a steel Gerber-truss bridge for damage detection utilizing vehicle-induced vibrations
Authors: Kim Chul-Woo , Chang Kai-Chun , Kitauchi Sotaro , McGetrick Patrick J
Published: February 2016

A field experiment was conducted on a real continuous steel Gerber-truss bridge with artificial damage applied. This article summarizes the results of the experiment for bridge damage detection utilizing traffic-induced vibrations. It investigates the sensitivities of a number of quantities to bridge damage including the identified modal parameters and their statistical patterns, Nair’s damage indicator and its statistical pattern and different sets of measurement points. The modal parameters are identified by autoregressive time-series models. The decision on bridge health condition is made and the sensitivity of variables is evaluated with the aid of the Mahalanobis–Taguchi system, a multivariate pattern recognition tool. Several observations are made as follows. For the modal parameters, although bridge damage detection can be achieved by performing Mahalanobis–Taguchi system on certain modal parameters of certain sets of measurement points, difficulties were faced in subjective selection of meaningful bridge modes and low sensitivity of the statistical pattern of the modal parameters to damage. For Nair’s damage indicator, bridge damage detection could be achieved by performing Mahalanobis–Taguchi system on Nair’s damage indicators of most sets of measurement points. As a damage indicator, Nair’s damage indicator was superior to the modal parameters. Three main advantages were observed: it does not require any subjective decision in calculating Nair’s damage indicator, thus potential human errors can be prevented and an automatic detection task can be achieved; its statistical pattern has high sensitivity to damage and, finally, it is flexible regarding the choice of sets of measurement points.
A Microscopic and Biomarker Evaluation of Embolic Filter Debris Collected During Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Yang Mark , Yu Yan , Walsh William R. , Yang Jia-Lin , Baker Luke , Lennox Andrew F. , Crowe Philip J. , Varcoe Ramon L.
Published: February 2016

Purpose: To evaluate and characterize debris retrieved from the cerebral embolic protection devices (EPDs) used during carotid artery stenting (CAS) and compare debris size, volume, tissue types, cellular composition, and protein biomarker expression in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Methods: Distal protection filters were retrieved from 22 consecutive patients (mean age 71.6 years, range 52–85; 16 men) undergoing elective CAS between July 2012 and February 2014 for >70% internal carotid artery stenosis (mean 85.4%±10.3%). Six patients were symptomatic. The debris within each EPD was visually characterized using stereomicroscopy and then processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Biomarkers were immunohistochemically measured to evaluate plaque stability [matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], inflammation [glycoprotein CD68 and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], or phenotype [smooth muscle (SM)-actin and type IV collagen]. The immunohistochemical results were measured using semiquantitative grading criteria based on both staining intensity and distribution in the samples. Results: Macroscopic debris was visible in 5/22 EPDs; 3 of the 5 filters came from symptomatic patients. Microscopic debris was detected in all filters and ranged in size from 0.01 to 8.57 mm2. Debris consisted of calcified, fibrous, and necrotic tissue, as well as fibrin and foam cells with no significant difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. There was no association between the degree or type of embolic material and stenosis severity, carotid tortuosity, calcium grade, soft plaque, or arch type. Symptomatic patients had a larger volume of debris (8.24 vs 0.58 mm3, p<0.01), mean particle size (1.30 vs 0.32 mm2, p<0.001), and expression of biomarkers IL-6 (2.17 vs 0.81, p<0.05), CD68 (2.00 vs 0.38, p<0.01), SM-actin (1.00 vs 0.25, p=0.055), type IV collagen (1.17 vs 0.25,p=0.082), and MMP-9 (1.00 vs 0.06, p<0.05). Conclusion: Histological analysis revealed particulate embolization in all EPDs used during CAS. Symptomatic patients had a larger volume of embolic debris, mean particle size, and the biomarkers associated with inflammation, necrotic core, and diminished fibrous cap.
Prevailing Trends in Haptic Feedback Simulation for Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Pinzon David , Byrns Simon , Zheng Bin
Published: February 2016

Background. The amount of direct hand-tool-tissue interaction and feedback in minimally invasive surgery varies from being attenuated in laparoscopy to being completely absent in robotic minimally invasive surgery. The role of haptic feedback during surgical skill acquisition and its emphasis in training have been a constant source of controversy. This review discusses the major developments in haptic simulation as they relate to surgical performance and the current research questions that remain unanswered. Search Strategy. An in-depth review of the literature was performed using PubMed. Results. A total of 198 abstracts were returned based on our search criteria. Three major areas of research were identified, including advancements in 1 of the 4 components of haptic systems, evaluating the effectiveness of haptic integration in simulators, and improvements to haptic feedback in robotic surgery. Conclusions. Force feedback is the best method for tissue identification in minimally invasive surgery and haptic feedback provides the greatest benefit to surgical novices in the early stages of their training. New technology has improved our ability to capture, playback and enhance to utility of haptic cues in simulated surgery. Future research should focus on deciphering how haptic training in surgical education can increase performance, safety, and improve training efficiency.
Causes of secondary deformity after surgery to correct Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication
Authors: He B. , Nan G.
Published: February 2016

This study was undertaken to document the causes of secondary deformities after surgery for correction of Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication. We carefully dissected and observed the flexor pollicis longus, and bone and joint anatomy in eight patients with secondary deformities after surgical correction. We transferred the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscle attachments, reconstructed the A2 pulley, released and tightened the joint capsule, and performed osteotomies to correct skeletal malalignment. Kirschner wire fixation was used for 4–5 weeks, followed by brace fixation for 3 months. Patients were followed up for 13–34 months (mean 20 months). According to the Tada scores, the outcomes were good in six patients, and fair and poor in one patient each. The main causes of the secondary deformities were failure to reconstruct the A2 pulley, to transfer the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscles, and incomplete resection of the radial metacarpal head. Brace fixation after Kirschner wire removal is crucial in preventing secondary deformities.

Level of evidence: IV
Giving the Self
Authors: Koo Minjung , Fishbach Ayelet
Published: February 2016

Prosocial actions often involve giving something that represents one’s essence, be it one’s name (e.g., signature), personal possessions, or body (e.g., blood donation). This research compares such “self-giving” to the giving of resources of comparable value that are less connected to one’s essence. We show in five studies that self-giving embeds givers with a sense of commitment and generosity. Specifically, giving endowed objects (vs. briefly owned objects), one’s signature (vs. anonymous support), and blood (vs. a comparable amount of money) all increased perceptions of commitment and generosity among givers. As a result, givers were more likely to continue supporting that cause in the long run.
A Fresh Look on Money Priming
Authors: Schuler Johannes , Wänke Michaela
Published: February 2016

Two studies demonstrated that subjective socioeconomic status moderates the effects of reminders of money on the endorsement of the socioeconomic system. Whether reminders of money increased or decreased system justification (Study 1) and the belief in a just world (Study 2) depended on participants’ subjectively experienced standing in the social hierarchy. These findings were backed up by a small-scale meta-analysis across our entire data ( N = 365). Hence, we also included a third study into the meta-analysis, in which the manipulation check indicated that the mental activation of money was comparably weak. This research offers new insights into the psychological mechanisms of money primes and reveals that interindividual differences, such as whether one feels privileged or not, can moderate the effects of money primes.
Fetal and maternal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Value of fetal MRI
Authors: Goel Reema , Aggarwal Nishant , Lemmon Monica E , Bosemani Thangamadhan
Published: February 2016

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder characterized by benign hamartomas in various organ systems of the body. Prenatal screening of fetuses of mothers affected with TSC using ultrasonography (US) may detect cardiac lesions. Fetal US is not sensitive for evaluation of the brain. We describe brain MRI findings in a fetus with cardiac rhabdomyomas identified on prenatal screening US. Postnatal brain MRI at 5 days of age demonstrated fetal MRI findings without significant added information. Fetal MRI is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of cerebral manifestations of TSC. Maternal manifestations of TSC in the abdomen or pelvis may also be demonstrated on fetal MRI.
Unique cause of right hemispheric syndrome: Embolism of myocardium after open septal myectomy
Authors: Murphy Meghan E , Lanzino Giuseppe , Raghunathan Aditya , Schaff Hartzell , Fugate Jennifer E
Published: February 2016

We present a novel case of acute ischemic stroke in the postoperative setting of open septal myectomy. A 24-year-old woman developed acute left hemiparesis and rightward eye deviation the morning after surgery. She underwent emergent endovascular stoke therapy by mechanical embolectomy with successful retrieval of a fragment of myocardium that was obstructing the right middle cerebral artery. To our knowledge there has been no previous case described of a myocardial fragment causing a proximal intracranial artery occlusion with resulting ischemia and infarction.
Schooling as taming wild tongues and bodies
Authors: Saavedra Cinthya M , Marx Sherry
Published: February 2016

Situating the body as a lens of analysis, this article examines how linguistic and ethnic minority children are exposed to discourses of control. In this reflective essay, we share our theorized memories of working with schools and examine how educators, including ourselves, become discursive subjects. Furthermore, we become invested in enacting discourses of control toward linguistic and ethnic minority children through the programs, educational reform mandates, and pedagogies we perform.
Rising HbA1c in the presence of optimal glycaemic control as assessed by self-monitoring – iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Mudenha Emily T , Aarella Vikram G , Chandrasekaram Senthil , Fernando Devaka JS
Published: February 2016

HbA1c can be affected by determinants other than glucose and an awareness of this is important to avoid unnecessary hypoglycaemia.
Delays and interruptions in the acute medical unit clerking process: an observational study
Authors: Basey Avril J , Kennedy Thomas D , Mackridge Adam J , Krska Janet
Published: February 2016

Objectives

It is recommended that patients are seen within 4 h of arrival in Acute Medical Units in English hospitals. This study explored the frequency and nature of interruptions and delays potentially affecting the duration of the Acute Medical Unit admission process and the quality of care provided.

Design

The admission process was directly observed for patients admitted to the Acute Medical Unit over four one-week periods, November 2009 to April 2011.

Setting

UK teaching hospital Acute Medical Unit.

Participants

Hospital staff n = 36.

Main outcome measures

Patient waiting times, duration of clerking, number of interruptions and/or delays.

Results

Thirty-five doctors and one nurse practitioner were observed admitting 71 medical patients, 48/71 (68%) patients were clerked within 4 h of arrival. A delay and/or interruption affected 49/71 (69%) patients. Sixty-six interruptions were observed in 36/71 (51%) of admissions, of these 19/36 (53%) were interrupted more than once. The grade of doctor had no bearing on the frequency of interruption; however, clerking took significantly longer when interrupted; overall doctors grade ST1 and above were quicker at clerking than foundation doctors. Delays affected 31/71 (44%) of admissions, 14/31 (45%) involved X-rays or ECGs; other causes of delays included problems with equipment and computers.

Conclusion

Interruptions and delays regularly occurred during the admission process in the study hospital which impacts adversely on patient experience and compliance with the recommended 4-h timeframe, further work is required to assess the impact on patient safety. Data obtained from this observational study were used to guide operational changes to improve the process.
Direct Care Worker Training to Respond to the Behavior of Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , Hobday John V. , Robbins Joyce C. , Barclay Michelle P.
Published: February 2016

Only a handful of online training programs are available for direct care workers (DCWs) to acquire the strategic skills needed to improve dementia care in instances of challenging or inappropriate behavior. Utilizing pre- and post-test data from a convenience sample of 40 DCWs, the present study sought to determine (a) whether DCWs’ knowledge of responding to dementia-related behavior increased following participation in the CARES® Dementia-Related Behavior™ Online Training Program (or CARES® Behavior) and (b) if CARES® Behavior was acceptable and useful. The average number of correct scores on a dementia care knowledge measure was significantly higher among DCWs after viewing the online modules when compared with pre-test scores ( p < .01). Descriptive empirical and open-ended data also suggested that the interactive, “real-world” content of CARES® Behavior was feasibly delivered online, acceptable, and may influence how DCWs deliver clinical care to individuals with dementia-related behavior.
CANPMR syndrome and chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome coexist in two related individuals affected by simultaneous haplo-insufficiency of CAMTA1 and NFIA genes
Authors: Coci Emanuele G. , Koehler Udo , Liehr Thomas , Stelzner Armin , Fink Christian , Langen Hendrik , Riedel Joachim
Published: February 2016

Background

Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia with mental retardation (CANPMR, OMIM 614756) and chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome (OMIM 613735) are two very rare inherited disorders, which are caused by mono-allelic deficiency (haplo-insufficiency) of calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) and, respectively, nuclear factor 1 A (NFIA) genes. The yet reported patients affected by mono-allelic CAMTA1 dysfunction presented with neonatal hypotonia, delayed and ataxic gait, cerebellar atrophy, psychological delay and speech impairment, while individuals carrying a disrupted NFIA allele suffered from agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, developmental delay and urinary tract abnormalities. Both disorders were not seen in one patient together before.

Results

In this study two related individuals affected by a complex clinical syndrome, characterized by cognitive, neurological and nephrological features were studied for the underlying genetic disorder(s) by molecular cytogenetics. The two individuals present dysmorphic facies, macrocephaly, generalized ataxia, mild tremor, strabismus, mild mental retardation and kidney hypoplasia. Moreover, neuro-radiological studies showed hypoplasia of corpus callosum. Genetic investigations revealed a paracentric inversion in the short arm of one chromosome 1 with breakpoints within CAMTA1 and NFIA coding sequences.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of two patients harboring the simultaneous mono-allelic disruptions and consequent haplo-insufficiencies of two genes due to an inversion event. Disruption of CAMTA1 and NFIA genes led to neuro-psychological and nephrological dysfunctions, which comprised clinical features of CANPMR syndrome as well as chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome.
A fixed point problem under two constraint inequalities
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: February 2016

Let $(X,d)$
(
X
,
d
)
be a metric space. Suppose that the set X is equipped with two partial orders ⪯1 and ⪯2. Let $T,A,B,C,D: X\to X$
T
,
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
:
X
→
X
be given operators. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a fixed point of T satisfying the two constraint inequalities: $Ax\preceq_{1} Bx$
A
x

⪯
1

B
x
and $Cx\preceq_{2} Dx$
C
x

⪯
2

D
x
.
Introduction to the modeling and analysis of complex systems: a review
Authors: Niazi Muaz A.
Published: February 2016

Sayama, H Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems Open SUNY textbooks, Milne Library, State University of New York at Geneseo (2015). 485 pages, Print ISBN: 1942341083.
Cancer Imaging reviewer acknowledgement 2015
Authors: Hicks Rodney J.
Published: February 2016

Contributing reviewers

The Editor of Cancer Imaging would like to thank all reviewers who have contributed their time and expertise to the journal in Volume 15 (2015).