bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of post-stroke spasticity on voluntary movement of the upper limb
Authors: Lackritz Hadar , Parmet Yisrael , Frenkel-Toledo Silvi , Baniña Melanie C. , Soroker Nachum , Solomon John M. , Liebermann Dario G. , Levin Mindy F. , Berman Sigal
Published: May 2021

Background

Hemiparesis following stroke is often accompanied by spasticity. Spasticity is one factor among the multiple components of the upper motor neuron syndrome that contributes to movement impairment. However, the specific contribution of spasticity is difficult to isolate and quantify. We propose a new method of quantification and evaluation of the impact of spasticity on the quality of movement following stroke.

Methods

Spasticity was assessed using the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT). TSRT was analyzed in relation to stochastic models of motion to quantify the deviation of the hemiparetic upper limb motion from the normal motion patterns during a reaching task. Specifically, we assessed the impact of spasticity in the elbow flexors on reaching motion patterns using two distinct measures of the ‘distance’ between pathological and normal movement, (a) the bidirectional Kullback–Liebler divergence (BKLD) and (b) Hellinger’s distance (HD). These measures differ in their sensitivity to different confounding variables. Motor impairment was assessed clinically by the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for the upper extremity (FMA-UE). Forty-two first-event stroke patients in the subacute phase and 13 healthy controls of similar age participated in the study. Elbow motion was analyzed in the context of repeated reach-to-grasp movements towards four differently located targets. Log-BKLD and HD along with movement time, final elbow extension angle, mean elbow velocity, peak elbow velocity, and the number of velocity peaks of the elbow motion were computed.

Results

Upper limb kinematics in patients with lower FMA-UE scores (greater impairment) showed greater deviation from normality when the distance between impaired and normal elbow motion was analyzed either with the BKLD or HD measures. The severity of spasticity, reflected by the TSRT, was related to the distance between impaired and normal elbow motion analyzed with either distance measure. Mean elbow velocity differed between targets, however HD was not sensitive to target location. This may point at effects of spasticity on motion quality that go beyond effects on velocity.

Conclusions

The two methods for analyzing pathological movement post-stroke provide new options for studying the relationship between spasticity and movement quality under different spatiotemporal constraints.
Airborne particulate matters induce thrombopoiesis from megakaryocytes through regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Jin Xiaoting , Yu Hongyan , Wang Baoqiang , Sun Zhendong , Zhang Ze , Liu Qian S. , Zheng Yuxin , Zhou Qunfang , Jiang Guibin
Published: May 2021

Background

Although airborne fine particulate matter (PM) pollution has been demonstrated as an independent risk factor for pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, their currently-available toxicological data is still far from sufficient to explain the cause-and-effect. Platelets can regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and the epidemiological study has indicated a positive association between PM exposure and the increased number of circulative platelets. As one of the target organs for PM pollution, the lung has been found to be involved in the storage of platelet progenitor cells (i.e. megakaryocytes) and thrombopoiesis. Whether PM exposure influences thrombopoiesis or not is thus explored in the present study by investigating the differentiation of megakaryocytes upon PM treatment.

Results

The results showed that PM exposure promoted the thrombopoiesis in an exposure concentration-dependent manner. PM exposure induced the megakaryocytic maturation and development by causing cell morphological changes, occurrence of DNA ploidy, and alteration in the expressions of biomarkers for platelet formation. The proteomics assay demonstrated that the main metabolic pathway regulating PM-incurred alteration of megakaryocytic maturation and thrombopoiesis was the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Furthermore, airborne PM sample promoted-thrombopoiesis from megakaryocytes was related to particle size, but independent of sampling filters.

Conclusion

The findings for the first time unveil the potential perturbation of haze exposure in thrombopoiesis from megakaryocytes by regulating mitochondrial OXPHOS. The substantial evidence on haze particle-incurred hematotoxicity obtained herein provided new insights for assessing the hazardous health risks from PM pollution.
Differential expression of TgMIC1 in isolates of Chinese 1 Toxoplasma with different virulence
Authors: Wang Yang , Han Chengjian , zhou Rongsheng , Zhu Jinjin , Zhang Famin , Li Jingyang , Luo Qingli , Du Jian , Chu Deyong , Cai Yihong , Shen Jilong , Yu Li
Published: May 2021

Background

The predominant genotype of Toxoplasma in China is the Chinese 1 (ToxoDB#9) lineage. TgCtwh3 and TgCtwh6 are two representative strains of Chinese 1, exhibiting high and low virulence to mice, respectively. Little is known regarding the virulence mechanism of this non-classical genotype. Our previous RNA sequencing data revealed differential mRNA levels of TgMIC1 in TgCtwh3 and TgCtwh6. We aim to further confirm the differential expression of TgMIC1 and its significance in this atypical genotype.

Methods

Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the RNA sequencing data; then, polyclonal antibodies against TgMIC1 were prepared and identified. Moreover, the invasion and proliferation of the parasite in HFF cells were observed after treatment with TgMIC1 polyclonal antibody or not.

Results

The data showed that the protein level of TgMIC1 was significantly higher in high-virulence strain TgCtwh3 than in low-virulence strain TgCtwh6 and that the invasion and proliferation of TgCtwh3 were inhibited by TgMIC1 polyclonal antibody.

Conclusion

Differential expression of TgMIC1 in TgCtwh3 and TgCtwh6 may explain, at least partly, the virulence mechanism of this atypical genotype.

Graphical Abstract
TGIF-DB: terse genomics interface for developing botany
Authors: Tsugama Daisuke , Takano Tetsuo
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple cereal crop for semi-arid regions. Its whole genome sequence and deduced putative gene sequences are available. However, the functions of many pearl millet genes are unknown. Situations are similar for other crop species such as garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). The objective of the data presented here was to improve functional annotations of genes of pearl millet, garden asparagus, chickpea and Tartary buckwheat with gene annotations of model plants, to systematically provide such annotations as well as their sequences on a website, and thereby to promote genomics for those crops.

Data description

Sequences of genomes and transcripts of pearl millet, garden asparagus, chickpea and Tartary buckwheat were downloaded from a public database. These transcripts were associated with functional annotations of theirArabidopsis thalianaand rice (Oryza sativa) counterparts identified by BLASTX. Conserved domains in protein sequences of those species were identified by the HMMER scan with the Pfam database. The resulting data was deposited in the figshare repository and can be browsed on the Terse Genomics Interface for Developing Botany (TGIF-DB) website (http://webpark2116.sakura.ne.jp/rlgpr/).
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous miR-105-5p via small extracellular vesicles to rejuvenate senescent nucleus pulposus cells and attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Sun Yongjin , Zhang Wenzhi , Li Xu
Published: May 2021

Background

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have emerged as a promising new therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the drawbacks of MSCs, including their invasive access, the donor age, and their limited proliferative capacity, hinder the quantity and quality of MSC-sEVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) provide an indefinite source of MSCs with well-defined phenotype and function. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sEVs derived from iMSC (iMSC-sEVs) on IVDD and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

IVDD models were established by puncturing discs from the tails of rats. Then, iMSC-sEVs were injected into the punctured discs. The degeneration of punctured discs was assessed using MRI and HE and immunofluorescence staining. The age-related phenotypes were used to determine the effects of iMSC-sEVs on senescent nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in vitro. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Sirt6. miRNA sequencing analysis was used to find miRNAs that potentially mediate the activation of Sirt6.

Results

After intradiscally injecting iMSC-sEVs, NPC senescence and IVDD were significantly improved. iMSC-sEVs could rejuvenate senescent NPCs and restore the age-related function by activating the Sirt6 pathway in vitro. Further, microRNA sequence analysis showed that iMSC-sEVs were highly enriched in miR-105-5p, which played a pivotal role in the iMSC-sEV-mediated therapeutic effect by downregulating the level of the cAMP-specific hydrolase PDE4D and could lead to Sirt6 activation.

Conclusion

iMSC-sEVs could rejuvenate the senescence of NPCs and attenuate the development of IVDD. iMSC-sEVs exerted their anti-ageing effects by delivering miR-105-5p to senescent NPCs and activating the Sirt6 pathway. Our findings indicate that iMSCs are a promising MSC candidate for obtaining sEVs on a large scale, while avoiding several defects related to the present applications of MSCs, and that iMSC-sEVs could be a novel cell-free therapeutic tool for the treatment of IVDD.
Acceptance of the coronavirus disease-2019 vaccine among medical students in Uganda
Authors: Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Olum Ronald , Kajjimu Jonathan , Ojilong Daniel , Akech Gabriel Madut , Nassozi Dianah Rhoda , Agira Drake , Wamala Nicholas Kisaakye , Asiimwe Asaph , Matovu Dissan , Nakimuli Ann Babra , Lyavala Musilim , Kulwenza Patricia , Kiwumulo Joshua , Bongomin Felix
Published: May 2021

Background

COVID-19 is still a major global threat for which vaccination remains the ultimate solution. Uganda reported 40,751 cases and 335 deaths as of 9 April 2021 and started its vaccination program among priority groups like health workers, teachers, those with chronic diseases among others in early March 2021. Unanimous uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is required to subsequently avert its spread; therefore, we assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, hesitancy, and associated factors among medical students in Uganda.

Methods

This study employed an online descriptive cross-sectional survey among medical students across 10 medical schools in Uganda. A structured questionnaire via Google Form was conveniently sent to eligible participants via WhatsApp. Each medical school had a coordinator who consistently shared the data tool in the WhatsApp groups. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were used to assess the association between vaccine acceptability with demographics, COVID-19 risk perception, and vaccine hesitancy.

Results

We surveyed 600 medical students, 377 (62.8%) were male. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was 37.3% and vaccine hesitancy 30.7%. Factors associated with vaccine acceptability were being male (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.9, p=0.001) and being single (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9, p=0.022). Very high (aOR= 3.5, 95% CI 1.7–6.9, p<0.001) or moderate (aOR =2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1, p=0.008) perceived risk of getting COVID-19 in the future, receiving any vaccine in the past 5 years (aOR= 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.5, p=0.017), and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9, p=0.036).

Conclusions

This study revealed low levels of acceptance towards the COVID-19 vaccine among medical students, low self-perceived risks of COVID-19, and many had relied on social media that provided them with negative information. This poses an evident risk on the battle towards COVID-19 in the future especially when these future health professions are expected to be influencing decisions of the general public towards the same.
Simple exclusion processes with local resetting
Authors: Pelizzola A. , Pretti M. , Zamparo M.
Published: May 2021

We investigate the stationary state of symmetric and totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with local resetting, on a one-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary conditions, using mean-field approximations, which appear to be exact in the thermodynamic limit, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. In both cases we find that in the thermodynamic limit the models exhibit three different regimes, depending on how the resetting rate scales with the system size. The totally asymmetric version of the model has a particularly rich behaviour, especially in an intermediate resetting regime where the resetting rate vanishes as the inverse of the system size, exhibiting 4 different phases, including phase separation.
Breakdown in interdependent directed networks under targeted attacks
Authors: Xu W. , Pan L. , Liu X.
Published: May 2021

Cascading failures take place between networks after initial failures occur in interdependent networks. Most previous studies are limited to undirected networks, while many real-world networks are directed. For interdependent directed networks, earlier studies focused on random initial failures. How the interdependent directed networks respond to targeted attacks has not been addressed. In this work, we develop a general theoretical framework for analyzing the robustness in interdependent directed networks under targeted attack on nodes with high or low degrees (in-degrees or out-degrees). We find that for degree heterogeneous networks, targeted attacks perform more efficiently in breaking down the system than random failures, with the degree-based attacks being the most efficient way. Interestingly, we find that system robustness first increases then decreases as the degree heterogeneity increases, showing a peak, which helps understand system robustness and enables the better design of robust infrastructure systems.
Maternal Glycemia During Pregnancy and Early Offspring Development: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Peng , Xie Jun , Jiao Xue-Chun , Ma Shuang-Shuang , Liu Yang , Yin Wan-Jun , Tao Rui-Xue , Hu Hong-Lin , Zhang Ying , Chen Xian-Xia , Tao Fang-Biao , Zhu Peng
Published: May 2021

Context

The association of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental outcomes remains controversial and evidence that maternal increasing levels of glucose during pregnancy associated with the risk for impaired neurodevelopment were limited.

Objective

To identify the continuous association of increasing maternal glucose levels with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring and explore the potential contribution of cord metabolites to this association.

Methods

The prospective birth cohort study included 1036 mother-child pairs. Primary predictors were maternal exposure GDM and maternal glucose values at a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test at 24 to 28 weeks during pregnancy. Primary neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months in offspring were assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3).

Results

Maternal GDM was associated with failing the communication domain in offspring in the adjusted models [relative risk (RR) with 95% CI: 1.97 (1.11, 3.52)]. Increasing levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1-h plasma glucose (1-h PG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) with 1 SD change were at higher risks in failing the personal social domain of ASQ-3 [RRs with 95% CI for FPG: 1.49 (1.09, 2.04); for 1-h PG: 1.70 (1.27, 2.29); for 2-h PG: 1.36 (1.01, 1.84)]. The linear association was also demonstrated. Compared with girls, boys exposed to higher maternal glucose levels were inclined to the failure of the personal social domain. Mediation analysis showed the contribution of maternal GDM to failure of communication domain mediated by C-peptide.

Conclusions

Maternal glucose levels below those diagnostic of diabetes are continuously associated with impaired neurodevelopment in offspring at 12 months.
The Koti’s Ghost
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan
Published: May 2021

In 2001 a group of gay men and kotis (one of several terms used in India for feminine persons assigned male at birth, who may or may not identify as transfeminine) wrote a play titled Koti ki atma (Soul of the Koti), about a koti who dies of AIDS and returns as a ghost to prevent other kotis from having unprotected sex. This article investigates the sociopolitical context in which the play was written, analyzes its plot, and, most importantly, follows the ghost to track the labors she performs. The author offers a glimpse into the histories of care and queer community-making that exceed the terror of death and state apathy in the wake of HIV in India.
Our Relationships Carry the Movement
Authors: McTighe Laura
Published: May 2021

The radical HIV prison activist movement has always been, in practice, an abolitionist movement. Set in Philadelphia in the early 2000s, this article centers the relationships through which leaders of ACT UP Philadelphia, the Philadelphia County Coalition for Prison Health Care, TEACH Outside, and Project UNSHACKLE worked to transform the social conditions for which prisons have been posited as the solution and to create a prison-free future in real time. Its pages unfold a three-part methodological toolkit for HIV prevention justice. First, harm reduction demands that one show up and provide relief, no questions asked. Second, mutual aid grounds the forging of new social relations that are more survivable than those produced by HIV stigma, mass criminalization, and organized abandonment. Third, transformative justice offers both a vision and a practice for challenging criminalization in all its intimate, communal, and structural forms, and building a racially just and strategic HIV movement.
“A Thousand Kindred Spirits”
Authors: Pearl Monica B.
Published: May 2021

This article is one woman’s reflection on her experiences as a member of ACT UP/New York in the late 1980s and early 1990s through the lens of subsequent engagement in scholarship on AIDS representation in literature and visual media. Excerpted from a keynote address at a conference on the thirtieth anniversary of ACT UP at the University of York in June 2017, this essay reflects on the legacy of AIDS activism, ACT UP meetings, women and AIDS, needle exchange, safe sex workshops, the creation of the book Women, AIDS, and Activism, and queer kinship and conversation.
First record of wormlion Vermileo vermileo (Diptera: Vermileonidae) from Greece
Authors: PAPP ZOLTÁN , SOLTÉSZ ZOLTÁN
Published: May 2021

In this work, we present the first record of the species Vermileo vermileo from Greece. The larvae and pupae of Vermileo vermileo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Vermileonidae) and Myrmeleon inconspicuus Rambur, 1842 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) species were collected from pits on a dry soil surface, in well-protected from rain places, from the Greek island of Thasos during the summer of 2017, in close proximity to Potos and Skala Potamias resort areas. The individuals were further kept under laboratory conditions for definite identification. According to available literature, the dipteran species V. vermileo is new for the Greek fauna.
Cross-sectional study to assess etiology and associated factors for anaemia during first trimester of pregnancy in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: a protocol
Authors: Amarasinghe Gayani , Mendis Vasana , Agampodi Thilini , Agampodi Suneth
Published: May 2021

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy, which can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, is a significant global health problem. Despite Sri Lanka’s strong public health system and commitment towards prevention, maternal anaemia remains a major problem in the country. While prevention is focused on iron deficiency, detailed etiological studies on this topic are scarce. Moreover, estimates of socio demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy, which can provide important clues for anaemia control, are also lacking. This study aims to evaluate the hemoglobin distribution, and geographical distribution, contribution of known aetiologies and associated factors for anaemia in pregnant women in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study of pregnant women in their first trimester registered for antenatal care from July to September 2019 in Anuradhapura district. The minimal sample size was calculated to be 1866. Initial data collection has already been carried out in special field clinics for pregnant women between June to October 2019. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a self-completed dietary questionnaire and an examination checklist were used for data collection. In addition, all participants underwent complete blood count testing. Further investigations are being conducted for predicting the etiology of anaemia based on a developed algorithm (such as high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and peripheral blood film analysis).

Discussion: Being the largest study on anaemia during pregnancy in a single geographical area in Sri Lanka, this study will provide important clues about geographical clustering of anaemia cases with similar etiology, associated factors and etiologies which would help to develop interventions to improve the health of pregnant women in the area. The possibility of selection bias is a potential limitation associated with the study design.
Complications and postoperative ileus in laparoscopic versus open colectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Malibary Nadim , Almohaimeed Abdullah , Alshareef Abdullah , Alzahrani Abdulkarim , Siddiq Faris , Sulaimani Mohammed , Akeel Nouf Y. , Farsi Ali H. , Nassif Mohammed O. , Samkari Ali A. , Saleem Abdulaziz M. , Trabulsi Nora H.
Published: May 2021

Background: Postoperative complications are a major concern after colorectal surgery, and can lead to an increased burden on patients and the healthcare system. Complications include postoperative ileus (POI) and prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI). There are well-established risk factors and potential modifiable risk factors that affect the incidence of POI and PPOI, including invasive techniques, operative difficulty, perioperative blood loss, and delayed mobilization. We compared the incidence of POI,  PPOI, and other postoperative complications between laparoscopic colectomy and open colectomy.

Methods: This retrospective review investigates 120 patients who underwent either laparoscopic or open colectomy in King AbdulAziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2016 and June 2019. Data were collected from patients’ electronic medical records. Patients were classified into laparoscopic and open colectomy groups. The main outcomes of interest were POI, PPOI and the overall complication rate. These outcomes were calculated and compared between the two groups.

Results: The overall incidence of POI and PPOI was 4.2% and 15%, respectively. There was a higher incidence of POI in the laparoscopic approach group (7.2% vs. 1.5%, P=0.03); however, the incidence of PPOI was higher in the open approach group (20% vs. 9.1%, P=0.03). The open surgery group showed a higher rate of overall complications (P=0.001). The mean estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopy group (139.09±145.83 vs. 343.85±307.78 mL; P<0.001). Significant earlier mobilization was observed in the laparoscopic group (3.12±1.77 vs. 5.39±3.48 days; P<0.001).

Conclusion: The incidence of PPOI was significantly different depending on the surgical approach; however, the laparoscopy group tolerated regular diet earlier and had better outcomes regarding postoperative complications. The laparoscopic approach was associated with earlier ambulation and was more cost-effective based on the length of the hospital stay. Further randomized studies are required to confirm superiority of the laparoscopic approach in terms of postoperative recovery.
The Effect of Individual Online Reviews on Purchase Likelihood
Authors: Vana Prasad , Lambrecht Anja
Published: May 2021

We investigate how individual reviews displayed on a product web page affect consumers’ purchase decision and find they have a strong effect on purchase likelihood.
Childcare Matters: Female Business Owners and the Baby-Profit Gap
Authors: Delecourt Solène , Fitzpatrick Anne
Published: May 2021

The previous literature documents that female-owned businesses are less profitable than male-owned businesses, including microenterprises that make up the majority of firms in developing countries. In this paper, we uncover an overlooked gendered constraint for these businesses: childcare. We collect field data through unannounced visits to a sample of microentrepreneurs in select areas of Uganda, combining surveys of business owners and real customers, as well as purchases by confederate buyers (i.e., mystery shoppers). We document that childcare duties in businesses are highly gendered: 37% of female owners bring small children to work, compared with 0% of men. Childcare duties are correlated with a “baby-profit gap,” as businesses where children are present earn 48% lower profits than even other female-owned businesses where a child is not present. Using our rich data, we analyze potential reasons why childcare obligations may affect profits. We find that prices, product quality, and other explanations are not robustly correlated with the presence of a baby. However, we find that women with children in the store are more likely to run out of stock than both men and women who do not have children in the store. Although we caution that our analysis is not causal, we consistently find that childcare duties are associated with profitability and may relate to the wider gender gap in business performance.

This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.
A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents
Authors: McDonald Rory M. , Allen Ryan T.
Published: May 2021

Previous work has examined how audiences evaluate category-spanning organizations, but little is known about how their entrance affects evaluations of other, proximate organizations. We posit that the emergence of category-spanning entrants signals the advent of an altered future state—and seeds doubt about incumbents’ prospects in a reordered industry-categorization scheme. We test this hypothesis by treating announcements of funding for startups as an information shock to investors evaluating incumbent financial service providers between 2010 and 2017—a period marked by atypical category combinations at FinTech startups. We find that announcements by startups that embodied unusual combinations of categories resulted in lower cumulative average returns for incumbents, both in absolute terms and in comparison with typical startups. Our theory and results contribute to research on categorization in markets and to theories of disruptive innovation and industry evolution.
Stress echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: A systematic review
Authors: Castro Filho Jorge João Dos S. , Neufeld Paulo M.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) contributes to the increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, being the main cause of death worldwide. Objectives: This study compares the sensitivity of different methods of execution of Stress Echocardiography (SE) as to the accuracy in determining the presence of CAD, through a Systematic Literature Review (RSL). Methods: The databases of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs) and the Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences (IBECS) were searched through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) for articles published until December 2018 and including scientific articles published in journals, in any language, which met the following criteria: (A) Descriptive or analytical studies of primary or secondary basis and (B) Studies whose theme was the SE in adult coronary heart disease. Studies related to: (a) Elderly; (b) Animals; (c) Children and Adolescents; (d) Pregnant women; (e) Articles that alluded to left ventricular function, valvulopathies, aneurysms, endocarditis, arrhythmias, implanted electronic devices and other titles that were outside the scope of this work and (f) Articles published in languages other than English or Neolatin languages. Results: The study has selected 14 articles, which demonstrated that SE was accurate to diagnose CAD with sensitivities ranging from 41 to 100% with studies included within the normality curve, demonstrating that it is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of CAD compared to other methods.
POESIA E RACISMO EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: Caixeta Júlia Fernandes
Published: May 2021

A partir de notícias que anunciaram número de assassinatos por intervenção do Estado e óbitos presentes em maioria nos casos de Covid-19 no Brasil, inúmeros artistas disponibilizaram seus ritmos para denunciar o “pacto narcísico da branquitude” e seus mecanismos de silenciamento da violência, tortura e genocídio do povo preto. Através do conceito de racismo de Estado, apresentado por Michel Foucault, o presente artigo busca apresentar as vias pelas quais o Estado brasileiro faz morrer a população negra, em especial sua juventude. Para isto, parte da metáfora da guerra para demonstrar que a relação guerreira, a guerra das raças, existente no corpo social é reinserida no seio do Estado. E, busca demonstrar a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial como os poetas pretos explicitam a reinvenção de corpos em meio ao luto cotidiano provocado pela necropolítica. Concluímos que a poesia é uma arma, onde a munição é a voz, que disputa pelo sentido da vida. A poesia é um anti-limite desse “não saber”, o poeta é um armado que luta pela vida. Suas rimas alcançam todos os cantos, são manifestações calorosas de contramemória, circulando por entre as corporificações que o fazem trafegar na atmosfera do mundo produzindo subjetividade.
FAZER MORRER E NÃO DEIXAR VIVER: DISCURSIVIDADES SOBRE A MORTE NO DISCURSO DO PRESIDENTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Claudia Dias , Barbosa Adelto Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, temos como objetivo refletir sobre as discursividades que atravessam o enunciado “E daí? Lamento. Quer que eu faça o quê? Eu sou Messias, mas não faço milagre”, proferido pelo presidente da República do Brasil, Jair Messias Bolsonaro e seus efeitos de sentido, na perspectiva dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa materialista, para tanto utilizaremos os pressupostos teóricos de Pêcheux e Orlandi. Nesse sentido, mobilizamos o movimento parafrástico como dispositivo analítico, visando compreender o funcionamento discursivo do referido enunciado. A perspectiva pecheutiana tem como pressuposto relacionar a linguagem à sua exterioridade, representada, metodologicamente, pela situação e pelo sujeito, que são designadas de condições de produção.  Dessa maneira, compreendemos como o enunciado selecionado, produz sentidos, por meio dos processos de significação instaurados no texto e descrevendo seu funcionamento. Visto que para a AD a língua é materialidade do discurso, portanto não se pode deixar de considerar sua relação com a historicidade.
Estado, capital e reforma da educação: a lei 5.692/71
Authors: Gomes Marco Antônio De Oliveira , Zanelato Ítalo Ariel , Pita Crislaine Aparecida
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre o Estado, o conceito de capital e a reforma da educação promovida pela Lei 5.692/71, inaugurada pela ditadura civil-militar. Nossa premissa é que as reformas educacionais implementadas após o golpe de Estado de 1964 foram concebidas a partir da teoria do capital humano, atendendo, dessa forma, aos interesses do capital. Diante disso, cabe acentuar que as ações do Estado voltadas para a modernização das relações capitalistas firmaram-se a partir da política educacional, como é o caso da reforma de 1971. Assim, o sistema nacional de educação foi marcado pela ideologia tecnocrática, que propugnava por uma proposta pedagógica produtivista voltada para as demandas do capital.
"O bagulho ficou sério!": representações de gênero no brega recifense
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Junior Alcidesio , Félix Jeane , Carvalho de Araújo Allyson
Published: May 2021

O brega funk tem se desenhado como uma manifestação que articula aspectos sonoros, visuais e culturais em torno de uma estética com singularidades próprias da periferia de Recife, capital de Pernambuco. Objetiva-se, neste texto, por meio dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos de Gênero, identificar as representações de gênero em três hits do carnaval 2019 em Recife: “Tome na Pepeka”, “Tome empurradão” e “Louca e Descarada”. Atuando como uma pedagogia cultural na educação dos sujeitos, essas mídias trazem as representações de gênero que não se isolam, mas que compreendem um contexto de cultura mais amplo. Ao representarem a virilidade do homem e o romantismo da mulher, tais artefatos culturais revelam-se potentes para reflexões e debates em torno da constituição de identidades e das possibilidades dos Estudos Culturais de se debruçarem ainda mais nas relações entre mídia, cultura e educação.
Advanced practice: critical thinking and clinical reasoning
Authors: Diamond-Fox Sadie , Bone Helen
Published: May 2021

Clinical reasoning is a multi-faceted and complex construct, the understanding of which has emerged from multiple fields outside of healthcare literature, primarily the psychological and behavioural sciences. The application of clinical reasoning is central to the advanced non-medical practitioner (ANMP) role, as complex patient caseloads with undifferentiated and undiagnosed diseases are now a regular feature in healthcare practice. This article explores some of the key concepts and terminology that have evolved over the last four decades and have led to our modern day understanding of this topic. It also considers how clinical reasoning is vital for improving evidence-based diagnosis and subsequent effective care planning. A comprehensive guide to applying diagnostic reasoning on a body systems basis will be explored later in this series.
Providing input into all aspects of urology nursing care
Authors: Howard Alaina
Published: May 2021

Alaina Howard, Urology Nurse Practitioner, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust ( alaina.howard@nhs.net ) was runner-up in the Urology Nurse of the Year category in the BJN Awards 2021
The Fluid-structure Coupling Analysis of Steel-Wire-Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Inner Fluid Pressure Impact
Authors: Shouyuan Zhang
Published: May 2021

Identifying dynamic characteristics of the fluid filled steel-wire-reinforced flexible pipe is vital in controlling the pipe vibration. A direct fluid-structure coupling method based on finite element analysis is proposed and validated by modal simulation of an oil filled T-shape pipe. An innovative way of modeling steel-wire-reinforced rubber pipe is put forward. The modeling method is validated by modal test of the water-filled pipe. The 2nd Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model is used for the rubber material. Transient dynamic simulations of a bending steel-wire-reinforced pipe filled with water under step and sine-shape pressure impact are performed for the first time. Different fluid turbulence models are used to evaluate the influences on pipe vibration. The dynamic characteristics of the water filled flexible pipe is researched under different fluid pressures. The vibration peak frequencies of the water-filled pipe under various impact excitations coincide well with the fluid-structure coupling modes of the pipe.
Synthesis of new spiroheterocycles-fused isoxazoline from 2-arylidenes-3-phenyl-1-indanones through a regio-and diastereospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
Authors: Mahfoud Asmae , Kerbal Abdelali , Nakkabi Asmae , EL Yazidi Mohamed , AKHAZZANE Mohamed , BAKHOUCH Mohamed , KANZOUAI Youssra , BOUZAMMIT Rachid , Al Houari Ghali
Published: May 2021

New spiroisoxazolines 3 have been synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitrile oxides with 2-arylidenes-3-phenyl-1-indanones. The reaction occurs in a regiospecific and diastereospecific manner and leads to one cycloadduct in all the cases. The proposed structure of the obtained cycloadducts was established based on spectroscopic data and confirmed by radiocrystallographic study. The spectral data were in favor of the observed regiochemistry and diastereoselectivity of this reaction.
Ultra-compact reconfigurable device for mode conversion and dual-mode DPSK demodulation via inverse design
Authors: Zheng Ze-huan , Chen Ying , Chen Huan-yang , Chen Jin-hui
Published: May 2021

The mode multiplexing/de-multiplexing devices are key components for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology. Here, we propose an ultra-compact and reconfigurable mode-conversion device via inverse design, which can selectively implement multichannel mode conversion controlled by input phase shifts (Δφ). The device can transform input TE0 (TE1) mode to TE4 (TE3) mode at Δφ=0, or from TE0 (TE1) to TE1 (TE2) at Δφ=π spanning the wavelength range of 1525–1565 nm. We further demonstrate an integrated monolithic module based on the mode conversions to directly demodulate the dual-mode difference phase shift keying (DPSK) signal which significantly reduces the device size and benefits for future dense integrations in MDM systems.
Nonreciprocal Tamm plasmon absorber based on lossy epsilon-near-zero materials
Authors: Lu Hai , Zhu Ting , Zhang Jun , Liu Hong-Chao , Shen Ke-Sheng , Zheng Yun , Dong Shi-Qing , Xia Shi-Qiang , Dong Chao , Li Xin-Kai , Luo Wen-Yuan , Sun Xiao-Long , Zhang Xian-Zhou , Xue Chun-Hua
Published: May 2021

Contrary to conventional Tamm plasmon (TP) absorbers of which narrow absorptance peaks will shift toward short wavelengths (blueshift) as the incident angle increases for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations, here we theoretically and experimentally achieve nonreciprocal absorption in a planar photonic heterostructure composed of an isotropic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) slab and a truncated photonic crystal for TM polarization. This exotic phenomenon results from the interplay between ENZ and material loss. And the boundary condition across the ENZ interface and the confinement effect provided by the TP can enhance the absorption in the ENZ slab greatly. As a result, a strong and nonreciprocal absorptance peak is observed experimentally with a maximum absorptance value of 93% in an angle range of 60∼70°. Moreover, this TP absorber shows strong angle-independence and polarization-dependence. As the characteristics above are not at a cost of extra nanopatterning, this structure is promising to offer a practical design in narrowband thermal emitter, highly sensitive biosensing, and nonreciprocal nonlinear optical devices.
Tunable dual-channel ultra-narrowband Bragg grating filter on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Abdelsalam Kamal , Ordouie Ehsan , Vazimali Milad G. , Juneghani Farzaneh A. , Kumar Prem , Kanter Gregory S. , Fathpour Sasan
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate dual-channel phase-shifted Bragg grating filters in the telecom band on thin-film lithium niobate. These integrated tunable ultra-narrow linewidth filters are crucial components for optical communication and sensing systems, as well as future quantum-photonic applications. Thin-film lithium niobate is an emerging platform suitable for these applications and has been exploited in this Letter. The demonstrated device has an extinction ratio of 27 dB and two channels with close linewidths of about 19 pm (quality factor of

8

×

10

4

), separated by 19 GHz. The central wavelength could be efficiently tuned using the high electro-optic effect in lithium niobate with a tuning factor of 3.83 pm/V. This demonstration can be extended to tunable filters with multiple channels, along with desired frequency separations and optimized tunability, which would be useful for a variety of complex photonic integrated circuits.
Incorporating the speciation process into species delimitation
Authors: Sukumaran Jeet , Holder Mark T. , Knowles L. Lacey
Published: May 2021

The “multispecies” coalescent (MSC) model that underlies many genomic species-delimitation approaches is problematic because it does not distinguish between genetic structure associated with species versus that of populations within species. Consequently, as both the genomic and spatial resolution of data increases, a proliferation of artifactual species results as within-species population lineages, detected due to restrictions in gene flow, are identified as distinct species. The toll of this extends beyond systematic studies, getting magnified across the many disciplines that rely upon an accurate framework of identified species. Here we present the first of a new class of approaches that addresses this issue by incorporating an extended speciation process for species delimitation. We model the formation of population lineages and their subsequent development into independent species as separate processes and provide for a way to incorporate current understanding of the species boundaries in the system through specification of species identities of a subset of population lineages. As a result, species boundaries and within-species lineages boundaries can be discriminated across the entire system, and species identities can be assigned to the remaining lineages of unknown affinities with quantified probabilities. In addition to the identification of species units in nature, the primary goal of species delimitation, the incorporation of a speciation model also allows us insights into the links between population and species-level processes. By explicitly accounting for restrictions in gene flow not only between, but also within, species, we also address the limits of genetic data for delimiting species. Specifically, while genetic data alone is not sufficient for accurate delimitation, when considered in conjunction with other information we are able to not only learn about species boundaries, but also about the tempo of the speciation process itself.
Multi-omics approach identifies germline regulatory variants associated with hematopoietic malignancies in retriever dog breeds
Authors: Evans Jacquelyn M. , Parker Heidi G. , Rutteman Gerard R. , Plassais Jocelyn , Grinwis Guy C. M. , Harris Alexander C. , Lana Susan E. , Ostrander Elaine A.
Published: May 2021

Histiocytic sarcoma is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy of mature tissue histiocytes with a poorly understood etiology in humans. A histologically and clinically similar counterpart affects flat-coated retrievers (FCRs) at unusually high frequency, with 20% developing the lethal disease. The similar clinical presentation combined with the closed population structure of dogs, leading to high genetic homogeneity, makes dogs an excellent model for genetic studies of cancer susceptibility. To determine the genetic risk factors underlying histiocytic sarcoma in FCRs, we conducted multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs), identifying two loci that confer significant risk on canine chromosomes (CFA) 5 (Pwald= 4.83x10-9) and 19 (Pwald= 2.25x10-7). We subsequently undertook a multi-omics approach that has been largely unexplored in the canine model to interrogate these regions, generating whole genome, transcriptome, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. These data highlight the PI3K pathway genePIK3R6on CFA5, and proximal candidate regulatory variants that are strongly associated with histiocytic sarcoma and predicted to impact transcription factor binding. The CFA5 association colocalizes with susceptibility loci for two hematopoietic malignancies, hemangiosarcoma and B-cell lymphoma, in the closely related golden retriever breed, revealing the risk contribution this single locus makes to multiple hematological cancers. By comparison, the CFA19 locus is unique to the FCR and harbors risk alleles associated with upregulation ofTNFAIP6, which itself affects cell migration and metastasis. Together, these loci explain ~35% of disease risk, an exceptionally high value that demonstrates the advantages of domestic dogs for complex trait mapping and genetic studies of cancer susceptibility.
Deterioration of modern concrete structures and asphalt pavements by respiratory action and trace quantities of organic matter
Authors: Moriyoshi Akihiro , Shibata Eiji , Natsuhara Masahito , Sakai Kiyoshi , Kondo Takashi , Kasahara Akihiko
Published: May 2021

In concrete structures (concrete), damage from cracks, deterioration, amorphization, and delamination occur in some structures, causing disaggregation (concrete changed to very fine particles) and hollowing out of the concrete. In concrete pavements, damage from large amounts of pop-out of aggregate occurs from the surface of the concrete pavement 4–5 hours after spraying of snow melting agent on the surface of the pavement. The damage from disaggregation, blistering, cracks, and peeling-off of a surface course have also been observed in asphalt runways and highways. The damage from disaggregation, cracks and pop-out of aggregate in asphalt pavements and concrete structures have long been seen as strange and unexpected and have defied explanation. As a result of examinations in various experiments, it was concluded that all of the unexplained kinds of damage of both asphalt pavements and concrete structures were caused by Trace Quantities of Organic Matter (TQOM), Air Entrained (AE) water reducing agent in air and/or cement, and surfactant in snow melting agent. The emission sources of TQOM and these organic substances were also identified by chemical analysis for these unexpected and unexplained phenomena. The TQOM includes phthalate compounds (phthalates in the following), amine compounds, phosphate compounds, snow melting agent and Sodium Polyoxyethylene Nonyl phenyl Ether Sulfate (SPNES). SPNES is a surfactant in windshield washer fluid for automobiles. We found that the water content and content of organic matter in damaged asphalt pavements and concrete structures are also important indicators for the damage. Further, a new evaluation method for amorphization was proposed in this study and it appears suitable for evaluating the safety of concrete structures along roads which were exposed to TQOM in severely air-polluted environments.