bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brief Family Psycho-Education Program for Caregivers of Inpatients with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Lima F. , Selau T. , Menegalli V. , Magalhães P. , Rosa A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Family psycho-education is an essential part of the treatment for people with severe mental illness (SMI), however this relevant intervention is underutilized. Shortened variations of family psycho-education have been described in attempts to make it more attractive, efficient, and feasible.

Objectives/aims

Considering the lack of manualized intervention for families in Brazil, our study comes up with a proposal to implement and to evaluate the feasibility of brief family psycho-education program (BFPP) during inpatient psychiatric treatment.

Methods

An extensive review using a combination of the words: “family psychoeducation”; “severe mental illness”; “schizophrenia”; “bipolar disorder” was conducted in PubMed/Medline with the aim to select reports of multifamily group psycho-educational programs. Studies involving adults with severe mental illness published until March 2016 were included.

Results

After the review of literature and meeting with experts in SMI, the BFPP was developed collaboratively by bipolar disorders’ team at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). The standard BFPP consists of four sessions: (1) causes, symptoms, course, prognosis and stigma of severe mental disorder; (2) treatment; (3) community resources, communication skills and importance of healthy and regular habits; and (4) problem-solving strategies: preventing relapses and establishing plans for crisis. Each session will occur weekly, lasting 90 min, with 8–12 caregivers. The patients did not attend the group.

Conclusion

We purposed a standard, brief, cheap and simple intervention to apply. We believe that BFPP is highly suitable for caregivers of patients with SMI. We hope that this program demonstrates feasibility among participants and become a useful and effective intervention.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is Social Frustration Typical of Multiple Sclerosis Patients?
Authors: Nikolaev E. , Vasil’eva N.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Psychological problems of multiple sclerosis patients are often studied in context of distress and depression or quality of life concept. However, analysis of social frustration still has not been an object of research interest. Whereas ignoring patients’ feelings of frustration and social worry may worsen the prognosis of treatment.

Objectives and aims

To study if the social frustration prevalent among multiple sclerosis patients.

Methods

We studied 104 multiple sclerosis patients during in-patient treatment in neurological unit. Male and female patients aged between 19 and 64 years were diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Psychological indicators of social frustration were assessed by using “The level of social frustration” questionnaire.

Results

Lack of social frustration was revealed only in 5% of multiple sclerosis patients. The most frequent area of social frustration in the patients was the sphere of health and labor activity (45%). The second area of social frustration was dissatisfaction with the socio-economic status (37%), the third – the social status (26%). Both male and female patients were equally dissatisfied with their physical condition. Men were more frustrated with their material condition, women – with their inability to work. Some differences were also defined in clinical groups. RRMS patients were more frustrated in need for their status in the society, SPMS patients with their psychological and emotional state.

Conclusions

The directions of typical social frustration in multiple sclerosis patients, associations with clinical and gender factors may be considered in system of treatment and rehabilitation.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Genetic Methods for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Salohiddinov M.
Published: June 2017

Actuality

Mechanisms of underlying pharmacoresistance have been explored insufficiently. Enzymes of a system for biotransformation of xenobiotic and transporters for drugs are the key participants in the systems of metabolism of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Among proteins-transporters, glycoprotein P encoded by MDR1 gene plays an essential role in the processes of uptake, distribution and excretion of AEDs.

Objective

The work initiated to study gene MDR1 C3435 T polymorphism and to assess its association with pharmacoresistance formation in patients with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Materials

Study involved 89 patients with localization-related epilepsy and 55 unrelated healthy subjects.

Results

Distribution of 3435 T/C polymorphism in NDR1 gene was analyzed in the patients with the localization-related epilepsy and nominally healthy donors. The distribution of frequencies of gene alleles was found to correspond to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Р > 0.05). Incidence of genotypic variants of the polymorphism was as follows, СС was found in 18.6%, СТ and TT were observed in 55.9% and 25.4% of cases. In the controls СС was found in 60.0%, СТ and TT were observed in 33.3% and 6.6% of cases, respectively. The findings are the evidence for significant effect of functionally weak variants in C3435 T polymorphism of MDR1 gene on efficacy of antiepileptic therapy.

Conclusion

presence of T-allele of C3435 T polymorphism of MDR1 gene increases risk of pharmacoresistance in the patients with epilepsy and is a significant and predicting criterion of efficacy and feasibility of the antiepileptic therapy conducted.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The comprehensive Icf core set for schizophrenia from the perspective of psychiatrists: A content-validity study using the Delphi technique
Authors: Nuño L. , Barrios M. , Rojo E. , Gomez-Benito J. , Guilera G.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness associated with several functional impairments. There has been an increasing interest in the impact of schizophrenia on functioning. The development of the Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for schizophrenia, a shortlist of 97 ICF categories that are relevant for describing functioning and disability of people living with schizophrenia, has derived from this interest.

Objectives

This study aims to explore the content validity of this core set from the perspective of psychiatrists.

Methods

In a 3-round Delphi survey, psychiatrists experienced in schizophrenia treatment were asked about patients’ problems, resources and environmental factors they treat in patients with schizophrenia.

Results

A total of 352 psychiatrists from 65 countries representing all six World Health Organization regions completed the first round questionnaire. The response rate at the third round was 86%. Answers were linked to 422 ICF categories. Of all these, 109 ICF categories reached consensus (≥ 75% agreement) at the third round. Eighty-seven out of the 97 ICF categories that form the comprehensive ICF core set for schizophrenia were represented in this list. All the comprehensive ICF core set for schizophrenia categories reached consensus except five categories.

Conclusions

The content validity of the comprehensive ICF core set for schizophrenia from the perspective of psychiatrists was largely supported. However, further research is needed including other health professionals (e.g., psychologists, nurses and occupational therapists) to further obtain new content validity evidences.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Peripersonal space and schizophrenia: Looking for the self boundaries
Authors: Corbo M. , Di Cosmo G. , Ferri F. , Salone A. , Carlesi D. , Centofanti M. , Cipollone F. , Costantini M. , Di Iorio G. , Martinotti G. , di Giannantonio M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Peripersonal space has been defined as the area immediately surrounding the body in which interactions with a person or an object can occur. Larger peripersonal space may reflect discomfort in close interpersonal situation or cognitive deficit. Individuals with schizophrenia are more sensitive to social stimulation. The capacity to provide accurate judgments of peripersonal space boundaries depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions.

Objectives

We conducted a study on personal space in patients with schizophrenia using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the characteristics of personal space in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

We recruited 20 schizophrenic patients according to DSM-V criterion and 20 healthy volunteers, matched by gender and age. Schizophrenic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Participants performed the peripersonal space (PPS) task. Collected data underwent statistical analyses.

Results

Schizophrenic patients demonstrate a stronger/weaker need for personal space, than the comparison group, depending on the score of negative and positive symptom, as assessed by using the PANSS even without emotional and social interference.

Conclusions

Interpersonal interactions between the individual with schizophrenia and people in their immediate environment can lead to increased symptomatology. Social isolation is one of the most primary causes of poor quality of life in mental illnesses. Better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating intervention programs.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Associations between cognition in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their 7-year old high-risk offspring
Authors: Greve A.N. , Jepsen J.R.M. , Bliksted V. , Rasmussen E.L. , Gantriis D. , Burton B.K. , Ellersgaard D. , Christiani C.J. , Spang K. , Hemager N. , Thorup A. , Nordentoft M. , Plessen K.J. , Mors O.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Neurocognitive and social cognitive impairments are central characteristics of schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, of bipolar disorder. Birth cohorts and familial high risk studies have described cognitive impairments in subjects before onset of diagnosis as well as in children with increased genetic risk for development of the disorders.

Objectives

To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the correlations between neurocogntion and social cognition in parents and offspring simultaneously and with the same methodology. We will divide the parents into subgroups (cognitive impairment and good cognitive functioning) and use these subgroups to describe correlations with their offspring. Identifying associations between parents and offspring can add important clues to risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and, on the long-term, help the development of more effective and potentially preventive treatments.

Methods

This study is part of the Danish high risk and resilience study–VIA7. The VIA7 cohort consists of 522 children age 7 with zero, 1 or 2 parents diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and both of their biological parents. We assessed neurocognition and social cognition with a comprehensive test battery including: intelligence (RIST), executive functions (WAIS-IV, D-KEFS, CANTAB), verbal memory (TOMAL2), attention, emotion recognition, decision making and response control (CANTAB), theory of mind (animated triangles) and social perception (TASIT). Parental subgroups were based on the 95% CI of the controls (cognitive impairment < 95%CI and good cognitive functioning > 95% CI).

Results

Data analysis is ongoing and results will be presented at the conference.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical-immunological predictors of prognosis of the efficiency of antipsychotic therapy with amisulpride in schizophrenia
Authors: Lobacheva O. , Kornetova E. , Nikitina V. , Vetlugina T. , Semke A. , Rakhmazova L.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Detection of clinical-biological predictors of the efficiency of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenic patients, correction and individualization of therapeutic indication of antipsychotics are relevant questions of modern psychiatry. Immune dysfunctions, disturbance of psychoneuroimmunological interaction, metabolic imbalance worsen clinical pattern of disease, contribute to formation of therapeutic resistance and side effects, and decrease efficiency of treatment of patients.

Objective

To detect clinical-immunological predictors of the efficiency of therapy of schizophrenic patients with amisulpride.

Methods

We examined 19 schizophrenic patients, aged 18–64 years, who received treatment with amisulpride (Solian). The psychometric scale PANSS was used for evaluation of dynamics of psychopathological symptoms. Therapy efficiency was evaluated using CGI scale. The immunological investigation included identification of phenotypes of surface receptors of immunocompetent cells, level of IgM, IgG, IgA, phagocytic activity of leucocytes. Research was carried out in two points: first–at admission, second–by week 6 of treatment. Predictors of efficiency were identified relying on the analysis of interquartile ranges of clinical-immunological parameters.

Results

Predictors of high efficiency of amisulpride therapy were identified: clinical–total score according to PANSS less than 70, sum of scores according to subscale of negative disorders is more than 31 and immunological–number of HLADR ± lymphocytes below 0.34 × 109/L, СD16 ± lymphocytes more than 0.18 × 109/L.

Conclusion

Complex of informative clinical-immunological criteria is proposed, which enables prognosis of the efficiency of psychopharmacotherapy for patients at admission. It enables optimizing the choice of differentiated therapeutic tactics and heightening the quality of specialized medical care for schizophrenic patients.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia: Clinical differences
Authors: Romosan F. , Ienciu L.M. , Romosan A.M. , Romosan R.S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are important causes of disability and morbidity. Finding clinical features that can help in their early differentiation may lead to a better understanding of these two nosologic entities.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to find clinical differences between SAD and SZ.

Methods

We selected for this study 83 inpatients from the Timisoara Psychiatric Clinic, diagnosed with either SAD (n = 35) or SZ (n = 48), according to ICD-10 criteria. The research was conducted between 2014 and 2016. Socio-demographic (age, sex, education, marital status) and clinical data were analysed. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess symptom severity.

Results

Delusions of grandiosity were found significantly more frequent in SAD patients (P = 0.001). By contrast, bizzare delusions (P = 0.025), derealization phenomena (P = 0.03) and negative symptoms (P = 0.003) appeared more frequent in schizophrenic patients. We found no significant differences between the two samples regarding onset age, number of episodes, duration of episode, duration of remission and suicidal thoughts/attempts. Although the SZ sample had higher BPRS total scores than SAD patients, the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Even though SAD and SZ are very similar in respect to their clinical presentation, this study also revealed certain differences that may enhance specific knowledge regarding these two disorders.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients
Authors: Melatto I. , Pequeno M.D.L. , Santos A. , Gilberto H. , Malheiros D. , Ropero Peláez F.J. , Taniguchi Rodrigues G. , Magalhães J. , Taniguchi S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Hypothyroidism psychocognitive key features may include melancholia, memory impairment, depression and dementia which could be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder.

Objective

To study the incidence of hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included 232 psychiatric patients with mean age of 43.39 ± 10 years old weight mean of 79.81 ± 19.07 kg, BIM of 29.55 ± 6.83, enrolled in a public mental health service.

Results

Twenty point twenty-one percent (39) patients presented hypothyroidism with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels above 5 mIU/L and Free T4 levels below 0.7 ng/dl.

Comparing the incidence of hypothyroidism in Brazilian population estimated rate of until 10% [1] with this psychiatric patients population we observed a significant difference with p value of 2.28 E-6. Neuroleptics 92%(36), biperiden 62%(24) and benzodiazepines 38% (15) were the most frequent prescribed drugs for these hypothyroidism patients.

Conclusion

Significant difference in the incidence of hypothyroidism between general Brazilian population and the studied psychiatric patients was observed [2,3].

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cultural Competence Training and Mental Health Care in Refugees and Asylum Seekers
Authors: Bhugra D.
Published: June 2017

Recent mass movement of human beings in various parts of the world has brought several challenges. Not only refugees from Syria and Libya to Europe but also refugees, migrants and asylum seekers in Latin America bring specific set of issues with them. It is critical that clinicians are aware of both the vulnerability of individuals to mental ill health as a result of migratory experiences but equally importantly their resilience. The impact on the mental health of those who may be involved directly or indirectly in delivering care along with those new communities who receive these groups need to be taken into account when planning and delivering psychiatric services. It is essential to recognise that experiences of being a refugee or asylum seeker are heterogeneous. Being an asylum seeker carries with it legal definitions and legal imperatives agreed at international levels.

Policymakers and clinicians need to be aware of differential rates of psychiatric disorders in these vulnerable individuals and specific needs related to language, religious values and other cultural factors. Mental health problems may be related to experiencing cultural bereavement where individuals feel that they have lost their cultures, relationships and cultural values. Judicious and careful use of trained culture brokers and mediators should be encouraged as these individuals can inform the team about community needs and inform the community about the team functioning and its principles so that community expectations can be managed appropriately. Such approaches may also help reduce stigma against mental illness.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Major psychotrauma and social stress–risk factors for the unfavorable course of paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Udristoiu T. , Udristoiu I. , Militaru F. , Ristea S. , Vilcea A.G. , Pirlog M.C.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Recent studies in the neurobiology of schizophrenia highlighted the role of neuropsychoendocrine activations as a consequence of psychostress followed by the activation of the HPA axis with an excess of endogenous cortisol. The relation endogenous cortisol–glutamatergic hyperactivation enhances the excito-toxic mechanisms and the cortical-subcortical alterations in schizophrenia.

Method

We conducted a retrospective study on 40 patients, with ages between 25 and 55 years, admitted in the university clinic of Craiova between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 for paranoid schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria and with positive history of psychotrauma and physical abuse in childhood and adolescence.

Results

The frequency of psychotraumas, social stress and physical abuse in our group was significantly higher in women (63.33%), in patients with urban residence (80.00%) and age group 36–45 years (46.67). There was a pattern of residual defectuality reflected by positive symptoms (83.33%), alcohol abuse (80.00%), aggressive behavior (66.67%) and suicide attempts (30.00%). The poor course with minimal social functioning (GAFS < 40; 36.67%) was correlated with a high number of relapses and hospitalizations (> 9 hospitalizations; 43.33%), cognitive deficit (MMSE < 23; 76.67%). The psychosocial factors involved in the pathogenesis and course of schizophrenia were social stress (60.00%), physical abuse in childhood and adolescence (20.00%) and psychotraumas (20.00%).

Conclusions.

Psychotrauma and physical abuse in childhood and adolescence and during the course of paranoid schizophrenia constitute a risk factor for a poor outcome with cognitive deterioration, aggressive and suicidal behavior that call for prophylactic measures and qualified psycho-social interventions associated to the pharmacological treatments.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual satisfaction among women with breast cancer
Authors: Abdollahifard S. , Maddahfard M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Despite the outstanding breakthroughs in medical sciences, breast cancer is still regarded as one of the most important diseases, worldwide. This condition is also the most common cancer among women and the second leading cause of death.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate on sexual satisfaction among breast cancer patients

Methods

This review article has written by more than 32 published papers in websites during 2008 until 2016.

Result

Esfandiari et al. (2015) have done a study about a comparison of marital satisfaction, public health and body image among normal subjects and breast cancer patients with breast evacuation and conservation in Tehran, Iran. The result of this study showed that women with breast cancer were significantly different from normal subjects in terms of marital satisfaction, mental health and body image.

Rezaipour et al. (2004) has done a study about relationship between women's experience of orgasm and marital relation satisfaction in health care centers of Arak. This result showed there was a relationship between women's orgasm experience and the amount of satisfaction from marital relation.

Nekoueifard and Jahangiry (2014) have done a study about sexual function among patients with breast cancer in Tehran. In their study, there was a meaningful and direct relationship between type of surgery and sexual satisfaction. The results of that study show that disease and treatment have a considerable influence on marital relationship.

Conclusion

It seems that dealing with marital satisfaction of women during the early stages of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is a necessary for mental health.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual dysfunction and mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder: A review
Authors: Gómez Sánchez-Lafuente C. , Reina Gonzalez R. , Hernandez Abellán M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Mood stabilizers can cause many side effects. Although many of these are well known, like thyroid and renal failure after taking lithium, sexual dysfunction side effects remains unclear.

Methods

We made a systematic computerized literature search of clinical studies using MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and Trip for clinical studies of sexual dysfunction published up to December 2015.

Results

Only eight relevant papers were identified. All of them studied lithium sexual dysfunction in bipolar disorder patients. Valproic acid, carbamazepine and lamotrigine were not studied in patients with bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, the three were studied in epilepsy. Clinical reports usually used Arizona Sexual Experience Scale or Psychotropic Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire to measure sexual dysfunction and Brief Adherence Rating Scale to measure medication adherence. They suggest lithium could decrease desire and sexual thoughts, worse arousal and cause orgasm dysfunction. In overall, those patients with sexual dysfunction had lower level of functioning and poor compliance. Taking benzodiazepines during lithium treatment may increase the risk of sexual dysfunction even more.

Conclusion

There are few studies that focus on mood stabilizers sexual dysfunction. This inevitably entails a number of limitations. First, the small sample size and, in some studies, the relative short period of follow-up may underestimate the results. Besides, practical management was not treated in any study. Actually, handling this side effect have not been well established.

To conclude, this revision suggest that approximately 30% patients receiving lithium experience this side effect, and it is associated with poor medication adherence.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Female sexuality in the context of dual control model
Authors: Kowalczyk R. , Nowosielski K. , Kurpisz J. , Lew-Starowicz M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Dual Control Model (DCM) is one of the contemporary concepts of mechanisms rooted in the central nervous system that control human sexual behaviors. The DCM holds promise for application both in scientific settings and, although at the moment limited, clinical practice. A number of psychometric tools, i.e. the SIS/SES, SES II-W and SES II-W/M questionnaires based on the DCM theoretical assumptions have been developed.

Methods

A total of 309 women aged 18–45 were eligible for the study. Inclusion criteria were met by 214 individuals who were included in the further analysis. Sexual excitation/sexual inhibition inventory for women (SESII-W) was used to evaluate sexual inhibition and sexual excitation. Semi-structure interview was used to evaluate sexual function in investigated individuals. Correlation between risky sexual behaviors, FSD and SE/SE was measured.

Results

Among the women, 28.5% were diagnosed with FSD, with orgasmic dysfunction being the most common, 11.2%. Engaging in risky sexual behavior (having multiple sexual partners and one-night-stand sexual relationships, sexual intercourse with persons known to be HIV-positive, drug users or prostitutes, unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex, sex for money or drugs and sexual activity while using alcohol and/or psychoactive substances) was associated with higher sexual excitation scores and lower sexual excitation scores of SESII-W. In contrast, the presence of FSD were negatively correlated with SE and positively with SI.

Conclusions

Dual control model might be a good model describing different sexual behaviors in the population of women.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of rational emotive therapy among substance users
Authors: Dutta T.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Rational emotive behavior therapy refers to a realistic time bound therapeutic approach, starting with activated concern model of emotional disturbance and change.

Objective

To set short-term goal and long-term goal for substance users by rational emotive behavior therapy.

Aims

The present study aims at ameliorating emotional disturbance among addicts.

Methods

A purposive sampling method was adopted. Therapy was administered on 50 substance users admitted in recovery hospital running by pioneer organization Human Development and Research Institute. Each day morning meeting was organized consisting of creed, narration from day by day; personal and interpersonal pull up, acknowledgement, newspaper reading, recreational activities, and serenity prayer. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was recorded.

Results

Inferential statistics have shown that statistically significant differences were found among them those who have undergone counselling processes. They have found a proper orientation and significant qualities of life. Such therapy enabled them to find sobriety.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it could be stated that Rational Emotive Behaviour therapy was found to be effective among substance users. We can utter with Walen et al. that rational emotive behaviour therapy is ‘not merely working to dispel misery, but actively promoting happiness’.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The effectiveness of case management interventions for patients suffering from substance use disorders
Authors: Penzenstadler L. , Machado A. , Khazaal Y.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a growing health problem which needs a very complex range of care due to the chronic and relapsing nature of the disorder and the multiple psychosocial problems involved. There are often difficulties in current outpatient programs to deliver and coordinate ongoing care and access to different health care providers. To improve treatment outcomes various case management (CM) models have been developed, at first in other psychiatric domains but also for patients with SUD.

Aims

The aim was to assess the effectiveness of CM for patients with SUD using existing studies.

Methods

Systematic review of CM interventions for patients with SUD by analyzing randomized controlled studies on this matter found on the electronic database PubMed published between 1996 and 2016.

Results and conclusions

Most of the analyzed studies showed improvement on the chosen outcome measures, although, these varied in the different studies. Mainly the treatment adherence improved, but substance use only reduced in a third of the studies. Overall functioning improved in about half of the studies. Further, studies are necessary to determine inclusion criteria for CM treatment for patients suffering from SUD in order to orientate patients most likely to benefit from this approach to the specific CM programs. There are still only few studies on this intervention and SUD. Further, studies are needed to examine the effect of treatment intensity of the CM intervention. Also longitudinal studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of these treatments.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Stability of problematic gaming and associations with problematic gambling: A three-year follow-up study of adolescents in the SALVe-cohort
Authors: Vadlin S. , Åslund C. , Nilsson K.W.
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aims of the present study was to investigate the long-term stability of problematic gaming among adolescents, and whether problematic gaming at wave 1 (W1) were associated with problematic gambling at wave 2 (W2), three years later.

Methods

Data from the SALVe-Cohort, including adolescents in Västmanland born in 1997 and 1999, at two waves were analyzed (W1, n = 1868; 1035 girls, W2, n = 1576; 914 girls). Adolescents self-rated the Gaming Addiction Identification Test (GAIT), Problematic Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and gambling frequencies. Stability of gaming using Gamma correlation, and Spearman's rho was performed. General linear model analysis (GLM), and logistic regression analysis were performed, adjusted for sex, age, and ethnicity using PGSI as dependent variable, and GAIT as independent variable, for investigating associations between problematic gaming and problematic gambling.

Results

Problematic gaming was stable over time, γ = 0.810, P ≤ 0.001, and ρ = 0.555, P ≤ 0.001. Furthermore, problematic gaming at wave 1 increased the probability of having problematic gambling three years later, GLM F = 3.357, η2 = 0.255, P ≤ 0.001, and logistic regression OR = 5.078 (95% CI: 1.388–18.575), P = 0.014. Male sex was associated with higher probability of problematic gambling.

Conclusions

The present study highlights the importance of screening for problematic gambling among problematic gamers in order not to overlook possible coexisting gambling problems. The stability of problematic gaming indicates a need for development and evaluation of treatment for problematic gaming and also for coexisting gambling problems.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Physician suicide
Authors: Dos Santos M.A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Physician Suicide is a potential health risks resulting from strains and burden associated with medical education and profession. Suicide is an occupational hazard. Each year in the United States, 300 to 400 physicians take their own lives.

Objective

To provide a summary about physician suicide and its risk factors and mental health issues associated.

Methods

The search was conducted using PubMed with terms: “suicide in physicians”, “physician suicide”, “suicide in doctors”, “physician depression”, by using a review of literature with documents in English.

Discussion

Suicide is a major health problem. Suicide death is a self-inflicted with evidence that the person aims die. Mental disorders represent a large burden of disease worldwide and can also damage to physical health. The most common psychiatric diagnoses among physicians who complete suicide are affective disorders, alcoholism, and substance use disorders. In physicians, the female suicide rates are higher than that in males. The most common means of suicide by physicians are lethal medication overdoses and firearms. There are common risk factors, such as work-related stress, depression, negative life events, alcohol and isolation. In addition, there is a physicians’ tendency not to recognize depression in themselves and not to seek help.

Conclusions

Prioritize to physician mental health, change professional attitudes and institutional policies, learn to recognize depression and suicidality, educate medical students, residents, routinely screen all primary care patients for depression that can help physicians recognize depression in themselves and to seek treatment for depression and suicidality because there is “no health without mental health”.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Reviewing the relation between the automatic thought patterns of university students and their levels of cultural intelligence
Authors: Ergün G. , Güzel A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This research aims at reviewing the relation between the automatic thought patterns of female university students and their cultural intelligence levels.

Method

The research was planned to be descriptive. The universe of the research was composed of female university students in staying student hostel. The sample was determined to be the whole of the universe. A written permission was taken from the management of hostel regarding the research. Cultural Intelligence Scala and Automatic Thoughts Scale; the form towards socio-demographic data prepared by the researchers was used. SPSS-19 software programme were used to analyze the data.

Results

The participants were a total of 400 people, with %100 female. Automatic thoughts scale of respondents found a total of 85.23 points. This score is above average. That is more negative perceptions of student life. Cultural intelligence scale total score of 81.21 was found. Cultural intelligence level of students is above average. There was correlation between the two scales.

Discussion and conclusion

Statistically significant relations were determined between Cultural Intelligence Scala and sub-scales regarding Automatic Thoughts Scale.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
What is mommy doing in the bathroom? A typical case of postpartum psychosis
Authors: Montero G. , Alberdi I. , Serván B. , Villanueva M. , Baena R.Á. , Niell L. , García-Albea J.
Published: June 2017

Objective

We report the case of a 41-year-old woman brought by her husband for behavioral disorder during the last week. As background, she had her first vaginal delivery after a risky pregnancy a fortnight ago, which required uterine arteries embolization for intense uterine bleeding; and an adjustment disorder eight years ago.

Results

The patient presents a wordy and inadequate speech, as well as insomnia for the last seven nights. She has injuries in both of her hands due to intensive cleaning of her home and genitalia. Her condition is fluctuant, remaining for hours in the bathroom after breastfeeding and behaving strangely at night, with an irritable mood and being unable to care for their child.

She also has a fever of 39 °C, with thrombocytosis (850,000 platelets) and a c-reactive protein up to 20 as relevant alterations, attributed to mastitis and consequences of the recent intervention. Olanzapine at a dose of 10 mg per day was introduced after stopping breastfeeding, with very good tolerance and complete clinical remission within a few days, with the diagnosis of postpartum psychosis and suspected affective disorder of the bipolar spectrum.

Conclusions

Puerperal psychosis is misdiagnosed in at least 50% of cases, with a prevalence of 1–2/1000 births, and appears more frequently between the 3rd and 9th day after delivery. The risk for both mother and child is severe and it must be treated immediately, being its evolution in general favorable. Most of the risk factors and clinical manifestations for this condition are described in this case.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Violence suffered by women before her incarceration: Integrative literature review
Authors: Scherer E. , Scherer Z. , Pessoa F. , Scherer N.P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The complex phenomenon of violence against women is determined by gender relations that, from a historical and social construction of female and male, and the biological differences which gives unequal power between men and women. This results in increased vulnerability of women, exposing them to physical, psychological and sexual violence. The history of violence in the early life of trapped women can contribute to their involvement in crimes and misdemeanors.

Objective

To review the production of national and international scientific knowledge about the effects of violence on women's health before her incarceration.

Aims

Meet the publications about the consequences of violence on women's health before she was imprisoned.

Method

Integrative review of scientific literature to answer: “What are the implications of violence on women's health before their incarceration?” Studies of the last 5 years delimited in the databases LILACS, PUBMED and PsycInfo. Selected primary studies with women incarcerated people over 18 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish language. Excluded studies that addressed violence inside the prison and wife as perp. An instrument for identification of studies and their categorization was used.

Results

Sixteen selected articles that have addressed the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, drug abuse, sexual abuse and re-victimization (where the abuser was usually a family member or intimate partner).

Conclusion

There is a lack of a specific instrument to investigate the occurrence of violence against women before being arrested. Scientific and policy initiatives are required to develop specific intervention strategies for women incarcerated victimized before prison.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gender differences in response to psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder in those with comorbid drug dependence
Authors: Staiger P. , Long C. , Williams J. , Kyrios M. , Gruenert S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Individuals with social anxiety disorder do poorly in residential treatment programs for the treatment of drug dependence. This is not surprising given the social nature of residential rehabilitation where group work and close social interactions are required.

Objectives

Given the social nature of residential rehabilitation, we were interested in exploring whether we could address social anxiety symptoms prior to treatment entry and therefore enhance the likelihood that an individual would enter treatment and stay in treatment.

Aims

To conduct a randomised control trial to evaluate whether treatment of social anxiety symptoms prior to treatment entry improves treatment entry and retention.

Method

Treatment seeking substance users (n = 105) completed intake assessment interviews for entry into a residential rehabilitation program. Assessment comprised the Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview (Mini), the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Participants were randomised to either a four-session social anxiety intervention or treatment as usual (which was to remain on the waiting list until treatment entry). A survival analysis was conducted to examine whether the intervention impacted on treatment retention.

Results

The treatment did not significantly impact on treatment but the intervention group were significantly more likely to remain in treatment and this effect was only found in women.

Conclusion

For individuals with social anxiety disorder brief evidence based intervention focused on ameliorating social anxiety symptoms (e.g., cognitive behavioural treatment) may improve the retention in treatment. This effect appears to be gender specific.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pregabalin in Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Pavicevic D. , Popovic D. , Zivkovic N. , Djokic G.
Published: June 2017

Somatoform disorders (SD) are an example of the complex interaction between mind and body.

To estimate the efficacy of pregabalin (PG) versus combination of pregabalin and antidepressants in patients with SD who were previously on long-term treatment with at least three antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, SARIs, SNDIs, MAOI, TCAs) in an adequate therapeutic dose and had a partial response on it. In this open label trial investigators diagnosed 41 patients by standard clinical interview as F 45.0 and F 45.4 according to ICD-10 criteria and divided them in two groups: experimental (Pregabalin, 20 patients) and control group (Pregabalin + antidepressant, 21 patients). Patients also had comorbid diagnoses as follows: F 41.1, F 32, F 33 or F 34. Assessment was done by 100 mm Visual analogue scale (VAS) and by Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Within both groups there was a statistically significant improvement measured by VAS and CGI scales in all repeated measurements, except for the CGI scale in both groups between the second and ninth month where there was no statistical difference. There were no statistically significant differences between CG and EG on both scales either in the beginning or in repeated measurements. There was no difference in the effects of the drugs between EG and CG on both scales- VAS & CGI. Pregabalin as mono or as an adjuvant therapy had equally good efficiency in patients with SD who had partial response on various antidepressants therapy after long-term treatment.

Disclosure of interest

Results from part of this trial were published as abstract in european psychiatry, Volume 30. Supplement 1, 28–31 March 2015, Pages 534 – “Somatoform Disorders-a New Target for Pregabalin”, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(15)30418-1.
Physical Health in Early and Late Stages of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: García-Portilla M.P. , de la Fuente-Tomás L. , García-Álvarez L. , Sierra P. , Arranz B. , Sánchez M. , Safont G.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) is related to high prevalence of somatic comorbidities, health care costs, and premature mortality [1]. Some evidence supports the view of BD as chronic, progressive and multisystem disorder in which not only mental system, but also somatic systems are involved [2].

Aim

To investigate differences in physical health in patients with bipolar disorder at different stages (early vs. late) of the disease.

Methods

Cross-sectional, naturalistic, multicenter study. Sample: 110 outpatients with BD [68 early stage (diagnosed at least 5 years earlier) and 42 late stage (at least 20 years earlier)]. Assessment: demographic and clinical variables; psychopathology: HDRS, YMRS and CGI; biological information: anthropometric, vital signs and lab results.

Results

Early stage group: mean age 40.1 (11.9), 66.2% females and CGI = 3.6 (1.4). Late stage group: mean age 55.8 (8.2), 69.0% females and CGI = 4.0 (1.4). Patients in early stage have significantly higher levels of glucose (t = −4.007, P < 0.001), urea (t = −2.724, P = 0.008), creatinine (F = 0.560, P = 0.022), triglycerides (t = −3.501, P = 0.001), Fe (t = 2.871, P = 0.005) and insulin (t = −3.223, P = 0.002). Moreover, they have higher Body Max Index (BMI) (t = −3.728, P < 0.000), abdominal circumference (t = −4.040, P < 0.000) and greater number of somatic comorbidities (t = −2.101, P = 0.041).

Conclusions

– patients with bipolar disorders in late stages have worse physical health than those in early stage.

– these results could be an indication that bipolar disorder might better viewed as a multisystem disorder.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epidemiological and Clinical Variables Related with the Predominant Polarity on Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: García-Jiménez J. , Porras-Segovia A. , Gota-Garcés J.M. , Muñoz-Negro J.E. , Gutiérrez-Rojas L.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Type I and type II classification of bipolar disorder (BD) may not provide useful information to the clinician regarding epidemiological and clinical correlates.

New classifications have recently been proposed, such as the Predominant Polarity (PP) classification, which is based on the tendency of the patient to relapse in the manic (Manic Predominant Polarity [MPP]) or the depressive (Depressive Predominant Polarity [DPP]) poles along the course of the disease.

Objectives

To explore the epidemiological and clinical correlates of PP.

Methods

We performed a search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to June 1st 2016, using the keywords “bipolar disorder”, “polarity” and “predominant polarity”.

Results

The initial search identified 1598 articles. Only 17 articles met inclusion criteria. Factors associated with MPP are manic onset, history of drug abuse and a better response to atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Meanwhile DPP is associated with depressive onset, more relapses, longer acute episodes, and a higher risk of suicide. Moreover, delay until diagnosis, mixed episodes and comorbid anxiety disorders are more prevalent in DPP patients, whose treatment often involves quetiapine and lamotrigine.

Limitations

Few prospective studies. Variability of results.

Conclusions

PP classification may be useful for the clinical management of BD. Further research in this field is needed. Future research should use standardized definitions and more comparable methods.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.