bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital diseases and health care for patients with congenital diseases
Authors: Zanaj Violeta , Vogli Klementina
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Congenital anomalies are also known as congenital defects or malformations. They may appear as congenital structural or functional defects that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified before birth, at birth, or later in life. Among the most common anomalies reported by public health structures are: defects affecting the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal (including oral cavity), genital and nervous system. Purpose: It consists in identifying anomalies in pregnancy and caring for them by becoming familiar with the factors that may lead to the creation of these anomalies. To treat these anomalies in pregnancy and continue their treatment later. Preventing them when possible by diagnostic tests and analysis from the beginning of pregnancy. Material and method: 1. To identify the factors that cause these anomalies. 2. Informing the patient about risk factors. 3. Prevention and screening of these anomalies through tests and analysis. 4. Care for these patients on the basis of a descriptive diagnosis. 5. Care and supervision of the emotional side of these patients, the way they experience this period.
John Dewey: Educational Practice in the Service of Continuous Improvement of Society
Authors: Simoni Jak , Pograzha Koseni Merlina
Published: June 2023

The philosopher, psychologist, prominent American educational reformer John Dewey considered education closely related to the democratization of society. This is best shown by his works, School and Society, Democracy and Education, etc. According to J. Dewey, education is based on experience, which means: to live, to act, to reconstruct situations, to intervene in things. It is adaptation, in order to overcome the obstacles that appeared constantly. For J. Dewey, education must be an ongoing practice that directs action toward the betterment of society, and science must be oriented to find the deep connection between the individual and society. He thought that the didactic process could not be isolated from society, should not be closed in the close teacher-student relationship, but should be extended from the individual to the social, and bring within him the whole society, with its tasks and rules. The goal should always be to achieve peaceful coexistence between classes. About these issues and about their actuality in our society consists the paper that we will present at this conference.
A Historical Overview and Analysis on the Albanian Right to Vote 1912-1991
Authors: Kume Andon
Published: June 2023

The analysis of the right to vote in Albania for the period, from the declaration of independence, 1912 until the fall of the communist dictatorship system, 1991, is the object of this paper. During this period of the history of the Albanian state, the legislation that deals with issues of voting rights has been developed as an accompanying process and conditioned by the processes of political, social, economic and cultural development of our society. The Provisional Government of Vlora, 1912 is the initiator of the treatment of the right to vote, as a political and human right in Albania. Its legislative provisions are the embryos of this right, which were used and developed by successive governments. In the period after the First World War and during the system of the Parliamentary Monarchy, the legislation dealing with the right to vote and the electoral process was characterized by developments aimed at its approximation to the standards and requirements of international legislation, but in no case managed to solve the challenges obstacles that generated economic, social and cultural factors that characterized the Albanian society in that historical period. After the Second World War, essential changes were made in the Albanian legislation on the right to vote and elections, bringing it in line with international requirements and standards. Despite this, in the conditions of the political system of the dictatorship of the proletariat, this right was exercised only formally by Albanians. During this period it completely lost her mission.
 
Received: 7 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
The democracy in the Albanian Canonical law and in the Ancient Greece
Authors: Kocaqi Elena
Published: June 2023

This paper treats some common democratic elements between the institutions and rights previewed by the Albanian Canon and those used of Ancient Greeks. Those similarities are seen also by foreign authors and trawlers that visited Albanian of XIX century. This issue is important to point out the links between Albanian political culture and that of Ancient Greece. Those links are evident because of the common origin of the both people in ancient time. Those political traditions are conserved until today by Albanian people like they were in Homeric times and in Ancient Greece. Also the standards of direct democracy in Albanian Canons such as in political status, political representation of people, are not only higher than those of Ancient Greece but are higher than many democratic standards of today. The method of work is based in the analyses of the data given for the institution of Gerousia, Ecclesia, the Albanian Council of Elders and Assembly of People, to point out the similarities and differences between them. Data are gathered by ancient authors and Albanian Canons and also by the authors that have written for this issue.

 

Received: 10 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
A Theoretical View of the Current Situation on Economic Integration in the EU Countries that are not Part of the Eurozone
Authors: Istrefi Zhugri Enida , Imeraj Juliana , Lamçja Methasani Jonida
Published: June 2023

The European Union (EU) has developed dramatically in the last two decades as new member nations have joined. Since the establishment of the EU Single Market, the number of EU member states has increased from 12 to 28 (27 after Brexit).The process of European Union integration of the countries of Southeast Europe has brought a lot of progress, but again the real convergence in terms of real GDP per capita remains a current challenge.In this paper, we will look at the main types of integrations that embrace different countries in different situations. One of the most important processes that affect the economic development of these countries is economic integration. During this process, member countries agree to coordinate their trade and fiscal/monetary policies.

 

Received: 2 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Graduation Related Concerns: Albanian Students and University Studies
Authors: Cenaj Enkelejda
Published: June 2023

Although a significant number of young people continue to leave our country in search of a better future, Albania continues to be a country with a relatively young population. Albanian youth faces a lot of challenges in their way to build their future. Unemployment is a complex social issue that is associated with a number of other social phenomena, which make the situation/position, especially of young people, even more disadvantaged. Young people, found in such a situation, where jobs are scarce and their skills or preparation does not help or facilitate to find a job, face the dilemma of staying or moving elsewhere for a better future. Because of the force with which these issues strike and affect the lives and opportunities for young people, young people prefer to leave and it seems the provision of material goods is becoming the mainly impetus for young people nowadays.Beside gathering and exploring the literature, reports and data related to the paper, 50 open questions interviews were conducted with bachelor students, respectively 25 students from University of “Aleksander Moisiu”, Durres, 25 students from University of Tirana. As the survey data shows, what young people express a kind of concern that their education will not bring the expected improvement of their future. Measures need to be taken to improve this situation, which can only be achieved through the commitment and involvement of all actors to bring a change and improvement of a situation that is alarming to our entire society.
A New Albanian School in a European Prespective: Towards Decentralization and Essential Autonomy
Authors: Sota Jani
Published: June 2023

After the 90s, education in the Republic of Albania underwent changes which nowadays are found sanctioned in the Constitution, Pre-University Education Law, normative provision, and regulation of schools. But, despite these important changes, a complete reform has not been done in the pre-university educational institutions, to conceive the institutional, teaching and management problems closely related to each other. The transition from the totalitarian state to the rule of law, in the first phase, imposed a concentration of competencies in the hands of the central government, in running, administering, and financing the school. Without this focus, a package of legislative-administrative and conceptual changes could not be initiated, which would constitute the premise of a useful and comprehensive reform in the outlines of the European profile in the tradition of Albanian education. At the current stage, the decentralization of political power, the increase of self-government autonomy of local government bodies must necessarily be accompanied by increased social participation and decentralization of the management of the education system in the administrative, financial, and pedagogical plan. First, in addition to the central education development policy, local projects and plans should be considered, which in coherence with the national education strategy, provide the school with the problems of the community in which it belongs; second, the green light for horizontal decentralization must be given, which means expanding public participation in decision-making.

 

Received: 30 October 2021 / Accepted: 2 December 2021 / Published: 9 December 2021
Innovative Financing Mechanism for Environmental Protection: Applying PES in a Watershed Area in Albania
Authors: Pojani Elona
Published: June 2023

This paper aims at the discussion of innovative environmental financing mechanism developed throughout the world and in Albania. The premise of the paper is the fact that government financing and international assistance are not sufficient anymore to address global environmental and biodiversity protection issues. Therefore, new mechanisms, based on the active involvement of the private sector, need to be developed and implemented. The paper focuses on one particular financial mechanism to argue upon the role of private sector: Payment for Ecosystem Services. Based on the “beneficiary pays” principle, upon which PES is conceived, the paper discusses a possible implementation of PES in one study area: Bovilla watershed. This case study analysis identifies the cost and benefits of the scheme in the study area and gives an overview of the design of the scheme. Other innovative instruments are discussed, giving some insights one their use in the Albanian context.

 

Received: 25 October 2021 / Accepted: 30 November 2021 / Published: 9 December 2021
The Fundamental Legal Notion and Codification of the International Law of the Sea
Authors: Xhelilaj Ermal , Metalla Osman
Published: June 2023

The development of the public international law of the sea is considered a legal element inseparable from the historical-legal process of the adoption and development of international law in general. Although the basic concepts of general maritime legislation are found in the customary maritime law of ancient Rome and Greece, as well as in the rules of medieval maritime codes created by Hispanic, Italian, and English city-states between the 11th and XVth centuries in Europe, the law of the sea in the contemporary sense of the term, was adopted as a result of interrelations between European states with maritime interests during the period known as the modern or post-medieval era of history. International law of the sea, as it is considered today, developed only when the necessity of the creation of independent territorial states enabled the true development of international relations in Europe. This radical change in the international system, the beginnings of which can be found in the historical developments of the Conference of Westphalia in 1648, can not be considered a separate event, but reflects a complex process characterized by a slow and silent historical development of which has progressed from the sixteenth century onwards, to the twenty-first century.

 

Received: 27 December 2021 / Accepted: 10 March 2022 / Published: 20 March 2022
Leadership Quality and Its Impact on Quality of Teaching and Academic Achievements of Students in the Post-Pandemic Period
Authors: Lamçja Dhurata
Published: June 2023

Effective leadership in education makes a significant difference in improving classroom learning. What is much less clear and studied is the impact that school leadership has on the quality of teaching and on students' academic achievement. A growing number of school leaders are paying attention to data showing that expert teachers are the real leaders who hold the key to student achievement. But these leaders at the administrative level face a difficult challenge: how to identify, attract and retain a staff of expert teachers who can help redesign and lead even the most challenging schools. The purpose of this study will be to examine the effects of leadership on the quality of teaching, student achievement, and sustainable school success. There is still much to explore about the importance of effective leadership in schools, how to reap its benefits, and how to ensure that we do not continue to reject good leaders because of bad systems. Especially when we think of leadership in formal administrative roles, the greater the challenge the greater the impact of their actions on learning. While various studies show that there are significant effects of leadership actions on student learning across the school spectrum, other existing studies also show that the demonstrated effects of successful leadership are significantly greater in schools that are not in difficult socio-economic circumstances. Especially in the post- pandemic period from which education and educational institutions emerged highly affected in terms of quality, it is important to understand the value of changing or enhancing leadership skills, and above all of reforming them as part of their efforts. for improvement or as part of school reconstruction and the impact of leadership on the quality of teaching and on students' academic achievement.

 

Received: 10 January 2022 / Accepted: 21 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Effective School Management in the Implementation of the Curriculum and Legal Basis
Authors: Leka Matilda
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to present an effective strategy and model for school management in support of the implementation of the curriculum and the legal basis, based on the latest most successful models in the field of education, the experiences of Western countries. To meet this goal, the study focuses on four research questions in the spectrum of managerial functions: (1) Organization- Are the schools well organized and run and to deal with their informational and educational mission in the future? (2) Change Management - Who should initiate change? (3) Planning-Who should plan the development of the school? (4) Implementation-Who should prepare and train children for the choice of complicated tasks and work in a well-organized, knowledge-based society? The study sample consists of principals of primary and secondary education schools, focusing on all types of schools in Durrës, in total about 7 schools (5 of primary education and 2 of secondary education), about 10% of schools in the Municipality of Durrës. Participants in this study are over 7 school leaders, 15 teachers, 50 parents, 50 students. For the collection of primary data from this sample were used interviews with individuals with special experiences (psychologists), focus group interviews with from 5-10 individuals in three categories, free written interviews, on teaching issues and teachers from open survey questions. Statistical programs were used for data processing and the method of applied multiple linear regression statistics was used for their analysis. The conclusions of the study are oriented towards two main pillars: the qualitative method and the quantitative one. The importance of the study lies in the presentation of a multifaceted model of a fruitful school management as it will provide instruments, paths, experiences and standard models of planning, management and real functioning of the school, the result of which are high achievements. and satisfactory fulfillment of official indicators for the school. The main limitation of this paper is the inability to directly contact and be present in European educational institutions where the problems of effective school management can be widely discussed. This limitation is balanced by the large sample size and advanced statistical methods for testing research hypotheses.

 

Received: 10 January 2022 / Accepted: 20 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Migration vs. Potential Migration: Why do Albanians have a Great Desire to Migrate?
Authors: Kaleshi Entela , Gripshi Zyhra , Zhebo Eldisa
Published: June 2023

Nowadays migration is a much-discussed phenomenon locally, nationally and internationally. Driven by the changes brought by political and military conflicts, the pressures and developments that are taking place in the economy, countries that have become globalized, climate change and the desire for a better life, today more people than ever before are moving and living beyond the borders of the country where they were born. Migration is the process of people moving across the borders of the state where they live to another state and amigrant is an individual who leaves the country where he is living with the intention of settling permanently in another state. Migration continues to be an important issue for many countries in the world, affecting both countries of origin and host countries.

 

Received: 21 January 2022 / Accepted: 24 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Albanian Language in the Comprehensive Dimension of Education
Authors: Basha Jetmira
Published: June 2023

Albanian language is taught to Albanian schools all over the country, in Kosovo and it is taught and spoken outside the borders of Kosovo where there are Albanian, in the territory between Skopje, Gostivar, Tetovo and Dibra, in Presevo, in Bujanovac and in Medvedja, in Kraja, in Ulcinj with circles up to Bar and Chameria. Through immigration Albanian language is taught in countries where there are Albanian immigrants in Italy, USA, Germany etc. This paper seeks to make an analysis of Albanian language in the comprehensive dimension of education. Teaching and learning in the subject of Albanian language in schools encounters various difficulties. This paper will address these problems and strategies that teachers use to overcome the difficulties in this subject. Increasing the quality of teaching is related to all the factors and actors that influence Albanian teaching. These factors are always evolving and the main requirement is the proper functioning of these factors, cooperation between them, selection and adaptation according to the level, requirements and goals that are required to be achieved and that must be such as to be feasible and objective. This paper aims to present the main problems of teaching and learning in the subject of Albanian language in lower secondary education. The paper will focus on the following objectives: First, to identify the real situation of teaching and learning the subject of Albanian language. Second, the paper will also present some suggestions for the process of teaching and learning the Albanian language. The paper is important because it first presents an issue which needs a broader study than this paper. Nowadays, there are more and more problems that children have in the subject of Albanian language and therefore it would be recommended that these problems be traced to their origin.

 

Received: 10 January 2022 / Accepted: 21 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Assistant Teacher and His Role in Inclusive Classes in Lower Secondary Education
Authors: Duka Ferri Ambera , Nano Livia
Published: June 2023

The role of the assistant teacher in inclusive classrooms is essential in supporting children with special needs. This necessity should mean adapting teaching based on the skills and needs that different children have in learning. For this adaptation to have a scientific basis, it must first and foremost aim at the adaptation of teaching, which is inseparable from the use of IEP in teaching, and the need for teacher-assisted assistance to students with special needs. This responsibility is compounded by the global situation in which we are all involved, such as the pandemic period we are going through. Teaching and special care for some children is not done only through campaigns nor only on the international day dedicated to them. Teaching and care for them should happen on daily basis, they do not accept "conditions" or "protocols" as the skills and needs that some children have do not accept the fulfillment of some of these protocol "rules". Therefore, adaptive teaching and the role of the assistant teacher is essential and a necessity. The findings of the study were realized by processing qualitative data using as instruments: interviews, observations and Focus group with lower secondary school teachers (SET).

 

Received: 13 January 2022 / Accepted: 24 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Diabetes and Its Complications
Authors: Zanaj Violeta , Vogli Klementina
Published: June 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder syndrome characterized by: Insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas; Reduction of the biological action of insulin; Both together. Purpose: It consists of identifying the risk factors that lead to the occurrence of this metabolic disorder. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment depending on the type of diabetes. Follow the treatment advised by the doctor. Material and Methods: Recognize the factors that cause these disorders. Informing the patient about risk factors. Prevention and screening of this disorder through diet and analysis. Care for these patients based on descriptive diagnosis. Care and supervision of the emotional side of these patients, the way they experience this period.

 

Received: 1 October 2022 / Accepted: 10 November 2022 / Published: 18 November 2022
Urinary Tract Infections and Nursing Care
Authors: Zanaj Violeta , Vogli Klementina
Published: June 2023

This topic is taken up in the study for the fact that urinary tract infections, although among the most frequent and prone infections with a tendency to recur, there is still a need for awareness and information on their prevention. This paper will contain a detailed overview and studies on disease, urinary tract anatomy, epidemiology, pathophysiology of disease, classification, diagnostics, treatment and nursing management. The goal is to increase knowledge about urinary tract infections, knowledge of clinicians and risk factors for their prevention and nursing care.

 

Received: 6 October 2022 / Accepted: 15 November 2022 / Published: 18 November 2022
On Electoral Processes in the Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Kume Andon , Lireza Linert
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the results of the comparative analysis on the level of meeting the standards in the electoral processes held in the countries of the Western Balkans. The analysis is based on the evaluations published for the Election Integrity Perception Index, for elections held in the period 2011-2021. Montenegro, Serbia, Albania and Kosovo are classified in countries that belong to the "Moderate" category in helding elections according to the requirements of democratic standards. BiH, North Macedonia are classified at the level "Very low" and "Low", respectively. The election campaign and its financing is the main challenge faced by all the countries of the Western Balkans. Except for Albania, which is classified in the group of countries with a "moderate" level, the perception of the role of the media in the election campaign in other countries of the Western Balkans is negative, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia "Very low", BiH and Montenegro "Low" . All the countries of this region, in particular BiH, North Macedonia and Serbia, should be committed to improve the electoral legislation and the list of voters. Among the countries of this region, there are significant differences in relation to the quality of administration of electoral processes by electoral authorities.

 

Received: 6 October 2022 / Accepted: 12 November 2022 / Published: 18 November 2022
Economic Development, Unemployment and Inflation in the Western Balkans
Authors: Kraja Gentiana , Dedej Denis , Prendi Llambi
Published: June 2023

Economic security is one of the main challenges facing the Western Balkans. Poverty, unemployment and inequality threaten the everyday security of average citizens in the region. The Western Balkan economies have emerged from a serious economic recession and are in search of a new growth path on their way to eventual EU membership. However, they are beset by numerous economic and social problems that hinder their progress. The economic transition in the Western Balkans implicated a large structural change which has come through the processes of privatization and enterprise restructuring which caused the disappearance of many professions and jobs and have made the stock of skills inherited from the former system obsolete. All countries in the Western Balkans are striving to join the European Union. This transformation process presents enormous challenges and requires many changes and improvements in various fields especially when regards the economic development and employment. The Western Balkan (WB6) region, consisting in small emerging market economies, is aspiring to embark on an export-led growth and convergence path. After a late start in transition due to civil wars, the region experienced notable income growth nearly doubling its real GDP level in the last two decades. However, income convergence with advanced Europe has been less impressive when compared to new member states, partly reflecting lower exports. Western Balkan countries have the same problematics which regard widespread corruption, the presence of organized crime, the lack of freedom of legal functioning, and the deep politicization of public administration. The countries differ according to the importance and the sensibility of their problems, politics will treat them according to their platforms, legal frameworks in place and capacity for enforcement. These issues have a great impact for economic performance, generating employment, state revenue collection, and the development of small and medium enterprises. These problems are rooted in the general state of democracy and the political culture in the region, as well as diplomatic issues surrounding statehood. The main aim of this paper is to reflect and analyze the economic development through GDP in the Western Balkan in relation to unemployment and inflation. The analysis is based on the literature review, on the reports given form different structures and also based on quantitative data form the Worl Bank for Western Balkans’ countries on GDP, unemployment and inflation and testing their correlations through the e Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model. At the end of this paper based on the theoretical and practical review are give the conclusions and the recommendation of the study.

 

Received: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
Building Economic Resilience in Western Balkans during COVID-19
Authors: Balla Anisa , Draçi Parashqevi
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on global trade costs (WTO, 2021). Predicting, and managing risks is a necessary and difficult task for policymakers thus to minimize the negative effects coming from these unexpected incoming shocks. Natural disasters, health crisis and political conflicts over the recent decade, are pushing more pressure to developing countries to re-evaluate their trade partners in the international cooperation, as a way to prevent the direct impact of a probable shock on trade. The early stages of the pandemic exposed also how reliant Western Balkans had become on relatively few global producers of critical medical supplies, prompting widespread calls for greater supply chain diversification. This study attempts to answer the question: Did the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional trade policies revealed an increase or decrease of economic resilience? Travel restrictions and border closures, which were an important part of the initial policy response to the pandemic, disrupted freight transport, business travel and the supply of services that rely on the presence of individuals abroad. Trade facilitation measures taken at the border made it possible for supply chains to continue delivering and have been critical during the COVID-19 crisis. GDP recovery in the last year has been faster in economies with strong pre-pandemic trade ties to countries with fewer COVID-19 cases. In the post COVID-19 area, the Western Balkan countries are recommended to make sustainability and resilience a baseline requirement for every trade and investment decision.

 

Received: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
On the Inter-Regional Initiative: The Open Balkans Case study: Open Balkans, an Alternative to the European Union?
Authors: Laska Anxhela , Draçi Parashqevi
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to present the main goals that the "Open Balkans" initiative aims to achieve, for regional cooperation, the first advantages and shortcomings from a civic perspective. The initiative system for regional cooperation is the free movement of women, without stopping at border crossings between Albania, Serbia and Northern Macedonia, the establishment of an illegal system for inter-company transfers, freedom other than the recognition of professional qualifications, freedom of goods and services . As part of this initiative, the EU member state, according to the media, is divided into two camps, congratulating this initiative, but also assessing it as a copy of the existing Berlin process. An objective of the study is to highlight its conclusion therefore, the benefits that make this country, their perceptions regarding the EU membership process. The guiding principle of the paper is that coordinating the initiative with intent for the region and not the individual country to have initiatives that want a faster, smoother communication of goods and others that are related to others.

 

Received: 19 September 2022 / Accepted: 23 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
European Union Integration - Perspectives and Challenges of Western Balkans
Authors: Aliaj Julejda , Sulmina Vanesa
Published: June 2023

The European Union remains one of the most important unions on our continent and beyond. Its political-economic role is equally important in the international arena. Over the years, this union has been the target of most European countries. Integration enabled the free movement of goods and people, along with a number of other advantages that strengthened the political and economic position of each of the member states. Of course, just one article is not enough to talk about the development history of the European Union. What constitutes curiosity and reason to study is the current state of this union, its stability and the possibility of further enlargement, as has been discussed for years, including the countries of the Western Balkans, which since the fall of communist systems after the 90's they aspired to integration towards it. This article aims to give another critical perspective to these discussions, taking into account the current situation and economic and political developments within the European continent. We can not ignore the situation of the war between Ukraine and Russia in this discussion and the chain effects it has brought within the EU and beyond.

 

Received: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
Impact of Building's Thermal Insulation on Increasing Thermal Comfort and Reduction of Electricity Consumption
Authors: Cara Rezarta , Golgota Alma , Kodra Elma
Published: June 2023

Recently, the construction sector in Albania has been developing rapidly when it comes to the variety of construction materials and the most advanced techniques of the time. The challenge for engineers, architects, and builders consists of using and combining them as effectively as possible to ensure maximum comfort at the lowest possible cost. When designing a building, one should bear in mind that the success or failure of the project is based primarily on ensuring internal environmental comfort, as it has been proven that residents who live in an environment that contributes to a healthy and comfortable lifestyle are more satisfied and productive. Unfortunately, this fact is often overlooked, as it is easier to focus on the initial cost of a project rather than to determine the value of the improved health and productivity of the user as well as the reduction of the subsequent costs. Through measurements performed in different seasons and periods, it has been proven that the thermal insulation of a building significantly increases its thermal comfort. Additionally, statistical tables obtained from Electricity Distribution Operator prove that thermal insulation is associated with a significant reduction in electricity consumption, from 15 - 28%, mainly in peak periods. If the Urban Sector of Local Units were to find stimulators, motivating entities to consider the thermal insulation of new buildings, it would make a substantial difference in this regard. The thermal insulation of the existing dwellings' stock, which can be realized through the coordination of the Local Units and the Electricity Distribution Operator policies, would also significantly impact the increase of thermal comfort and the reduction of electricity consumption.

 

Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
The European Union Response Against Covid-19 Pandemic on Maritime Transport
Authors: Dedej Arian , Metalla Osman
Published: June 2023

The European Union joint maritime policy is a wide approach of all European Union policies linked with the sea. This policy is based upon the idea that by coordinating all activities linked with oceans, sea and coasts, the European Union would benefit higher rates of yields by its maritime space with a smaller mass of impact on environment. The joint maritime policy aims at strengthening the so-called ‘blue economy’, which includes all the economic maritime activities. The maritime transport plays a fundamental role and will continue to do so at world and European trade. In economic terms 77 percent of European foreign trade and 35 percent of that between European Union countries happen through the sea. This is the key reason because the maritime transport represents a core part in the international supply chain. Even with the decline of this activity in maritime sector due to Covid-19 Pandemic, a significant increase is foreseen in the next 10 years. To face challenges of Pandemic, the European Union took few measures that are linked with the health security, repatriation and maritime traveling ways of passengers and other persons on the boards. This article seeks to analyze the response that European Union and its institutions have provided to the situation through recommendations and regulations to normalize an important sector for the future of the Union.

 

Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Environmental Sustainability in the Cruise Industry
Authors: Kotrikla Anna Maria , Chortatsiani Evangelia
Published: June 2023

Cruise shipping is currently one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism sector and creates a significant environmental impact. The aims of this study are a) to investigate what are the main environmental issues faced by the cruise ships and which measures are taken or foreseen to address the problems, b) to explore the passengers’ attitudes towards environmental protection and the companies’ drivers to adopt pro-environmental measures. Data were collected by reviewing the sustainability reports of the main cruise companies and by interviewing three environmental officers that work at the industry. The results showed that there is a trend in employing LNG to address climate change and air pollution. The energy efficiency is further improved with measures such as shore-side electricity, gas-turbines, waste-heat recovery, air lubrication etc. A substantial percentage of ships is equipped with EGCS to address SO2 and PM emissions. Campaigns to reduce single use plastics and saving water and the use of Advanced Wastewater System are also measures to reduce the environmental footprint of cruise shipping. The passengers are informed about the rules and regulations and generally comply with them. According to EO’s opinion, they probably would not pay more for a cruise to support a green program. Also, the companies adopt pro-environmental measures to fully comply with regulations but also to protect the local environment (i.e. flora, fauna), the health of the locals and the local economy.

 

Received: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Performance of Gaensel Energy Group's Nikel Storage Cells: Case Study
Authors: Ndokaj Eduart , LaGatta Umberto
Published: June 2023

Last January Gaensel Energy group acquired 30% of Protonstar, this acquisition allowed the further development of Nikel storage cells. The extraordinary property of this new generation of accumulators lies in the accumulation of energy and its releasing no longer depending upon electrochemical processes, but simply on the interaction at the metal lattice level, in this case the Nickel. To date, we are facing a third generation of accumulators, in fact from the Volta’s battery, called primary, the electrochemical cells called secondary, in use today, having the prerogative to be rechargeable. Any storage system currently used is based on three basic components showing electrochemical linkage, namely an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte.

 

Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
KÜÇÜK ADAMIN DÖNÜŞ HAYALİ: ORHAN KEMAL’DE UTANÇ VE İNTİKAM
Authors: BİÇER İsmail Alperen
Published: June 2023

Toplumcu gerçekçi yazarlardan Orhan Kemal’in hikâye ve romanları ‘utanç’ ve

‘intikam’ bakımından da ele alınmaya değer metinlerdir. Betimsel analiz yönteminin

kullanıldığı ve René Girard’ın ‘üçgen’ arzu modelinin uygulandığı bu makalede yazarın

anlatma esasına dayalı edebî metinleri, utanç ve intikam kavramlarına yoğunlaşan bir

dikkatle okunmakta; bu duygu biçimlerinin sebepleri ve mahiyetlerinin yanı sıra utandıran

öznenin kimliği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Orhan Kemal’in inşa ettiği kurmaca dünyalarda

kişiler, genellikle yoksulluklarından ve çaresizliklerinden utanırlar; bununla beraber fiziksel

görünümlerinden ve aile üyelerinin toplumsal ahlak normlarına uymayan davranışlarından

utanan kişiler de görülür. Orhan Kemal’in ifadesiyle bu ‘küçük’ insanlar, mevcut durumu

tersine çevirmek için türlü ‘kurtuluş’ yolları ararlar. Bu kişiler, çekip gitmeyi içinde

bulundukları acı verici ve gurur kırıcı durumdan kurtulmanın yolu olarak görürler. Bilhassa

İstanbul’a gittiklerinde her şey tersine dönecek; kendilerini çaresiz bırakan yoksulluğu

yenecekler, para ve dolayısıyla itibar kazanacaklardır. Geri geldiklerinde ise vaktiyle

kendilerini utandıran ve değersiz gören arkadaşları, komşuları, toplumun her bir ferdi

şaşıracak; onlar da ‘intikam’ almanın hazzını tadacaklardır. Ancak bu ‘küçük insanların’

çekip gitme istekleri, kaçış/kurtuluş planları ve muhteşem dönüşleri gerçekleşmeyen birer

tasavvur, hayal olarak kalır. Ayrıca Orhan Kemal, yoksullukla mücadele eden ve bu

mücadelede pek çok şey yapmak zorunda kalan insanları idealize etmez; okurun karşısına

saf bir ‘mağdur’ çıkarmaz. Realist bir yazar olarak Orhan Kemal, karakterlerini bir birey

olarak tüm yönleriyle kavrar; onların zaaflarını ve çelişkilerini okurdan gizlemez.
Development Model for the Balo' Toraja Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP Balo'ta): Building a Core Value Based on the 'Balo'ta' Philosophy in Organizational Management
Authors: Pasoloran Oktavianus , Matasik Ade Lisa
Published: June 2023

This study aims to build a development model for KSP Balo'ta based on the philosophy of “Balo'ta” as a guide in building core values ​​into strengths that “animate” all aspects of good co-operative governance of KSP Balo'ta. This research offers the potential to understand the philosophy of “balo'ta” which is expected to play a role in value-based communication and management. Cooperatives are organizations that have the potential and great possibility to drive social change. In facing economic difficulties, cooperatives are an option to utilize existing productive resources in the face of economic instability and efforts to improve people's welfare. The Balo'ta Savings and Loan Cooperative (KSP) is one of the pillars of the economy, especially in Toraja (Tana Toraja and North Toraja). Membership-based characteristics of KSP Balo'ta indicate that strength must be built “from the inside”. Besides that, collegiate leadership demands the same values ​​among all organizational components. One important aspect is building the basic values ​​or virtues of cooperatives (co-operative core values) as the foundation. The results of this study indicate that the process of inheritance and internalization of values ​​can be built based on history, the meaning attached to the word "balo" and culture (tongkonan and alang). For cooperatives that are aware of the importance of co-operative values, the values ​​that exist and are believed to be the norms that apply in the organization will be stated explicitly and used as guidelines for all individual behavior in KSP Balo'ta.
Manual de Medicina Interna Hospitalaria Tomo 7
Authors: Santana Barcia Jaime Arturo , Vallejo Noguera Franco Fernando , Lucero Carrera Alvaro Andres , Rodriguez Coloma Andrea Mishell , Ocampo Lucero Micaela Antonia , Cajas Carvajal Christian Alberto , Caicedo Hurtado Karen Agustina , Sosa Sánchez Jeniffer Pamela , Riofrío Malla Alexandra del Cisne , Viñan Agila Diana Ximena
Published: June 2023

El "Manual de Medicina Interna Hospitalaria Tomo 7" es una guía fundamental para cualquier médico de medicina interna, residente de hospital o estudiante avanzado de medicina. Como séptimo volumen de la serie, este libro continúa la tradición de proporcionar conocimientos exhaustivos y actualizados en el campo de la medicina interna, centrándose en el manejo de los pacientes en un entorno hospitalario. Este tomo aborda temas críticos en medicina interna, abarcando áreas como la endocrinología, la hematología, la gastroenterología, y más. Los autores se adentran en afecciones crónicas y agudas, analizando las últimas pautas y avances en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. En particular, se incluyen capítulos especializados en el manejo de condiciones complejas que requieren un cuidado hospitalario intensivo.
Musikethnologie in der heutigen Welt
Authors: Mendívil Julio
Published: June 2023

Die Geschichte des Fachs Musikethnologie ist von ständigen Reflexionen darüber geprägt, wie der Forschende dem «Anderen» begegnen soll. Die Enträumlichung und die virtuellen Distributionswege verlangen nun eine neue Inventur: Ist die Musikethnologin und der Musikethnologe von heute mit den eigenen Sehnsüchten konfrontiert wie Tiger und Bär in Janoschs Oh, wie schön ist Panama?
Music and Place
Authors: Bennett Andy
Published: June 2023

The relationship between music and place has a long history. This article discusses the academic discourses regarding the relationship between music and place.
Remixing Reference
Authors: Burkhalter Thomas
Published: June 2023

Contemporary tracks remix sounds from different places and times. To analyze the manifold constellations in and shapes of these remixes is challenging. Peter J. Burkholder made a first attempt, here is yet another.
Regenerative Culture
Authors: Navas Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Just like words to create sentences, songs and artworks have become building blocks for new ones. In his essay, Eduardo Navas proposes a future in which constant updates and connectivity will become ubiquitous.
FORMULASI KRIM ANTI JERAWAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ALPUKAT DAN EFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Admin
Published: June 2023

Jerawat merupakan suatu keadaan dimana pori-pori kulit tersumbat sehingga menimbulkan peradangan. Jerawat dapat dipicu oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi jerawat dari bahan alami yaitu daun alpukat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak etanolik daun alpukat sebagai antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dalam sediaan krim wajah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah true experiment. Daun alpukat diekstraksi dengan cara remaserasi menggunakan etanol 96 %. Pada uji antibakteri digunakan metode disc diffusion, dengan menggunakan kontrol positif tetrasiklin dan  kontrol negatif basis krim. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanolik daun alpukat yang digunakan dalam krim anti jerawat adalah 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif meliputi zona hambat dan asebtabilitas krim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas anti bakteri ekstrak etanol daun alpukat sebelum dan setelah diformulasi menjadi krim. Krim anti jerawat ekstrak etanol daun alpukat pada konsentrasi 15 % mampu memberikan zona hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan mempunyai nilai asebtabilitas paling baik.
UJI AKTIVITAS SAPONIN DARI EKSTRAK GETAH BIDURI (Calotropis gigantea) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti
Authors: Admin
Published: June 2023

Calotropis gigantea or biduri, a wild plant that is found in season long dry areas such as the slopes of the low and sandy beaches, but its existence is not fully understood by the people around. Biduri sap containing saponins and protease enzymes are thought to be used as larvicides. Saponin is a chemical compound found in many kinds of plants and herbs along with other secondary substance acts as a defense against attack. The purpose of this study was to determine the larvicidal activity of a saponin extract containing latex biduri (Calotropis gigantea) against larvae of Aedes aegypti. This study, an experimental laboratory research design the post-test only controlled group design. This study, conducted experiments on larvae of Aedes aegypti by treatment with the extract concentration Biduri different. The sap extraction biduri (Calotropis gigantea) using ethanol, and then partitioned with a mixture of water : ethanol (1: 1). The extract used is a concentration of 0; 0,125% ; 0,250% ; 0,500% and 0,600% givento the larvae of Aedes aegypti. The results of the study percentage of larval mortality 24 hours after treatment was 0% in controls; 27% in the extract sap biduri 0,125%; 50% on the extract sap biduri 0,250%; 93% on the extract of 0,500%, whereas in the group biduri sap extract 0,600% the number of larvae mortality was 100%. Results obtained significant difference between each treatment group (p <0,05) except between groups of 0,500% and 0,600% (p> 0.05) were not significant. Probit analysis results indicate that the LC50 values â€‹â€‹194,984 ppm LC99 while the concentration of 831,76 ppm. Conclusion extract sap biduri (Calotropis gigantea) has larvicidal effect against larvae of Aedes aegypti in the category of toxic with LC50 <1000 ppm is 194.984 ppm while larval mortality of 99%(LC99 ) at a concentration of 831,76 ppm.