bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN PERPU NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2020 TERKAIT PERDAGANGAN MELALUI SISTEM ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Wijaya Suparna , Juhana Agus
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) atas Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PMSE) mulai dari pengertiannya, kewajiban PPN konsumen sebelum dan sesudah aturan PPN PMSE terbit dan pajak yang timbul dari terbitnya aturan PPN PMSE tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif eksploratif. Data yang dibutuhkan adalah data primer berupa informasi dari narasumber penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada beberapa narasumber. Metode analisis data dengan menggunakan pengkodean (coding) dan triangulasi. Narasumber penelitian ini dipilih baik dari praktisi juga akademisi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa PPN PMSE merupakan PPN yang dikenakan atas pemanfaatan Barang Kena Pajak Tidak Berwujud (BKPTB) dan/atau Jasa Kena Pajak (JKP) dari luar daerah pabean yang melalui perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik. Kewajiban konsumen sebelum aturan PPN PMSE terbit adalah melaksanakan penyetoran dan pelaporan secara mandiri sedangkan setelah aturan PPN PMSE terbit konsumen hanya harus membayar PPN yang terutang kepada Pemungut PPN PMSE. Tidak terdapat pajak baru yang timbul dari terbitnya aturan PPN PMSE, melainkan hanya mekanisme baru.ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the Value Added Tax (VAT) on Trading Through Electronic Systems (PMSE) starting from its understanding, consumer VAT obligations before and after the PMSE VAT rules are issued and taxes arising from the issuance of the PMSE VAT rules. This type of research is an exploratory qualitative research. The data needed is primary data in the form of information from research sources. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with several sources. Data analysis method using coding and triangulation. The sources of this research were selected from both practitioners and academics. The results of the study revealed that PMSE VAT is a VAT imposed on the use of Intangible Taxable Goods (BKPTB) and/or Taxable Services (JKP) from outside the customs area through trade through the electronic system. The consumer's obligation before the PMSE VAT rules are issued is to make deposits and reports independently, while after the PMSE VAT rules are issued consumers only have to pay the VAT owed to the PMSE VAT Collector. There are no new taxes arising from the issuance of the PMSE VAT regulation, but only a new mechanism.
PERANAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENGUNGKAPAN TRANSAKSI PIHAK BERELASI
Authors: Olivia Grace , Kirana Dwi Jaya , Wibawaningsih Ekawati Jati
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari good corporate governance terhadap kepatuhan pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2017–2019. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 117 perusahaan manufaktur. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan. Model penelitian menggunakan Random Effect Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komite audit dari komisaris independen berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi, sedangkan variabel dependen lain tidak berpengaruh. Ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel kontrol tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi. Pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi berisi informasi seberapa besar posisi keuangan perusahaan dapat dipengaruhi oleh transaksi dan saldo dengan pihak berelasi sehingga dapat meminimalisir masalah agensi berupa asimetri informasi di antara pemegang saham. Pengungkapan transaksi pihak berelasi dapat menghasilkan keputusan investasi yang terbaik bagi pemegang saham.ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of good corporate governance on disclosure compliance of related party transactions in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017–2019 period. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method and obtained as many as 117 manufacturing companies. The data used is secondary data in the form of the company's annual report. The research model uses the Random Effect Model. The study conclude only the audit committee of independent commissioners has a positive influence on the disclosure of related party transactions, while the other dependent variables have no effect. Firm size, as a control variable, has no effect on disclosure of related party transactions. Disclosure of related party transactions contains information on how much the company's financial position can be affected by transactions and balances with related parties so as to minimize agency problems in the form of information asymmetry among shareholders. Disclosure of related party transactions can result in the best investment decisions for shareholders.
FENOMENA PENGHINDARAN PAJAK DI PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA
Authors: Yuniar Yona Dwi , Kamayanti Ari , Asdani Andi
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen laba akrual, leverage, good corporate governance terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan sektor industri dasar dan kimia. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa EFek Indonesia periode 2015─2019. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 12 perusahaan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba, kepemilikan institusional, dan proporsi dewan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan leverage dan komite audit berpengaruh terhadap perilaku penghindaran pajak. Perusahaan sebaiknya lebih meningkatkan kinerja dewan komisaris khususnya dewan komisaris independen. Perusahaan harus memperhatikan level kompetisi, keahlian, dana pengalaman dari setiap anggota dewan agar terhindar dari tindakan kecurangan khususnya penghindaran pajak diantaranya dengan menambah jumlah dewan komisaris independen yang tidak terafiliasi dengan perusahaan dan memiliki pengetahuan lebih mengenai perpajakan perusahaan serta memiliki tingkat independensi yang tinggi. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the effect of accrual earnings management, leverage, good corporate governance on tax avoidance in basic and chemical industry companies. The population of this research are all basic and chemical industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2019. The research sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained as many as 12 companies. Data analysis in this study used multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that earnings management has no effect on tax avoidance, while leverage, institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, and audit committees affect tax avoidance behavior. The company should further improve the performance of the board of commissioners, especially the independent board of commissioners. Companies must pay attention to the level of competition, expertise, and experience of each member of the board to avoid fraud, especially tax avoidance, including by increasing the number of independent commissioners who are not affiliated with the company and have more knowledge about corporate taxation and have a high level of independence.
Exploring and Comparing High Stakes Writing Test Prompts Content Structure
Authors: Khademi Abdolvahab
Published: January 2022

TOEFL and IELTS are two major tests that measure language preparedness of prospective college students. The writing section of these two tests provide a measure of readiness for academic writing. However, to what extent these two tests measure the same contents has not been quantitatively investigated before. In this paper, multidimensional scaling (MDS) is applied to explore the content structure of writing prompts in TOEFL and IELTS examinations.
The impacts of various parameters on learning process and machine learning based performance prediction in online coding competitions
Authors: Patel Hardik
Published: January 2022

Learning process while solving coding problems is quite complex to understand. It is extremely important to understand the skills which are required and gained during learning to code. As a first step to understand the students’ behaviour and approach during learning coding, two online coding assignments or competitions are conducted with a 1-hour time limit. A survey has been conducted at the end of each coding test and answers to different questions have been collected. In depth statistical analysis is done to understand the learning process while solving the coding problems. It involves lots of parameters including students’ behaviour, their approach and difficulty level of coding problems. The inclusion of mood and emotions related questions can improve overall prediction performance but difficulty level matters in the submission status prediction. Two coding assignments or competitions are analysed through in-depth research on 229 (first coding competition dataset) and 325 (second coding competition dataset) data points. The primary results are promising and these results give in depth insights about how learning to solve coding problems is affected by students’ behaviour, their approach, emotions and problem difficulty level.
MECHANIZATION DEVICES FOR HANDLING BRANCHES IN MODERN ORCHARDS
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Xin , Yang Aiqian
Published: January 2022

In most parts of China, pruned branches in orchards are still treated manually. In order to reduce the intensity and labor cost, this paper provides a mechanical solution for branches collection, which mainly includes the gathering device, picking device, and smashing device. A simulation platform with a human-computer interaction was developed in Matlab. It can set optimization goals based on human practical experience and optimize the main influencing parameters, and both the gathering device and the picking device achieve the design simulation on this platform. Furthermore, this method helps to quickly obtain the data of key components in the core device. Firstly, the shape of the Slide-way shell of the gathering device can be obtained quickly through different gathering ranges. Secondly, a group of angle and motion trajectory of the picking device with lower height was obtained from the simulation design. Furthermore, the performance of the improved picking device under four different laying conditions was tested. The results showed that, under R=38-42 r/min and V=0.80-0.95 m/s, the success rate of the picking device was 94.2%, 92.5%, 61.0% and 30.8%, respectively. The field test demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the simulated test results and practice test results.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT PRODUCTION FEASIBILITY BY MEANS OF WIND MECHANICAL PLANTS
Authors: Volodimir Holovko , Volodimir Kohanevich , Mikola Shikhailov , Olena Sukmaniuk , Savelii Kukharets
Published: January 2022

A widespread use of wind turbines can fully or partly provide energy for the consumers, but with due regards to certain investments and instability of energy generation. Technologies of using wind energy imply the conversion of the mechanical energy of a wind flow into the electrical or heat energy. The work is concerned with the estimation of the amount of heat in the process of heating liquid coolants and heat-transfer fluids when using wind mechanical plants. In the paper was made a numerical analysis of the temperature rise of the liquid which circulates in a closed loop of a gear-type pump, whose productivity is 3 l/m and which is driven by a wind turbine 5 kW of power capacity under a nominal wind speed of 7 m/s and under cycle duration of 2 s. The analysis showed that the temperature increased by 0.290 °К/s. If such wind speed is observed during one hour, the temperature of 100 kg of water will increase by 8.1°С. Heating of a heat-transfer fluid with a supply of mechanical energy to a working part can be achieved by a centrifugal fan. Assuming that the given process occurs without supplying and removing heat energy (it is adiabatic), for the capacity of 1.5 kW and under the revolution in a range of 1000….3000 r/m, the changes in temperature will range from 0.38 to 0.87 °К/s, but for the capacity of 7.5 kW and under 750 – 1500 r/m, the changes in temperature will range from 0.56 to 1.23 °К/s.
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN PLANT DISEASE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION – A STATE OF THE ART
Authors: Sreya John , Arul Leena Rose
Published: January 2022

As we belong to a developing country, the agricultural importance is a known criterion. Majority of the Indians depend on agriculture for their basic living. It also serves as the backbone of the Indian economy. Therefore this sector should be considered important and taken care of. Diseases affecting the plants and pest are the two major threats of agriculture production. Naked eye observation followed by the addition of chemical fertilizers is the traditional method adopted by most of the farmers to avoid plant diseases. But the main limitation to this method is that it works only in the case of small scale farming. In order to tackle this issue many automatic plant disease detection systems have been developed from the early 70s. This paper is intended to survey some of the existing works in plant disease recognition that include various procedures, materials and approaches. They use different machine learning algorithms, image processing techniques and deep learning methods for disease detection. This paper also compares and suggests novel methods to recognize and classify the various kinds of infections affecting agricultural plants.
EVALUATION OF THE PLACES FOR CREATION OF APIARIES AND OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE BEE COLONIES
Authors: Atanasov Atanas , Georgiev Ivan
Published: January 2022

An approach for evaluation of the places for creation of apiaries and optimal distribution of bee colonies formed on the basis of the feeding capacities of the areas with flowering plants, the distances between these sites and the feeding areas is proposed. A multicriteria model with two main criteria is considered. The first maximizes the sum of the products of the weights for a given place multiplied by the number of colonies that will be positioned at that place. This criterion is divided into two sub-criteria, including the ‘subjective’ and ‘objective’ assessment of place preferences, respectively. The second criterion aims to minimize malnourished bee colonies. The model, with the proposed approach for ‘objective’ assessment of potential distribution sites, can be applied both for cases without overpopulation of the area with bee colonies and for areas with overpopulation.
MATERIAL MOVEMENT WITHIN A SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER
Authors: Dorokhov A.S. , Zagoruiko M.G. , Maradudin A.M. , Bashmakov I.A.
Published: January 2022

In present-day economic conditions, extrusion is one of the advanced feedstuffs and food production processes involving intensive manifold heat and force action. During extrusion, the main function is performed by a compression mechanism which includes a forcing screw unit built into the cylinder (cowling). The forcing mechanism performs the task of transferring material while concurrently compressing it up to a required pressure and increasing the material’s temperature due to compression and friction against the cowling's sides. In our view, the first technique is appropriate when a material which is moving within the compression area is in viscous-flow state. The second technique is optimal for theoretical description of areas of loading, transportation, and compression (melting) where the working pressure is maintained.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE INTERACTION OF TRACTOR DRIVE WHEELS WITH THE SOIL IN THE PLOWED FIELD
Authors: Golub Gennadii , Chuba Viacheslav , Yarosh Yaroslav , Solarov Oleksandr , Tsyvenkova Nataliya
Published: January 2022

The article defines the influence of structural and operational parameters of a machine-tractor unit on changes in the hardness of freshly plowed soil due to deformation and compaction of the soil by wheeled running systems. An experimental model of the effect of pressure in the pneumatic chamber of the wheel, working width and speed of the unit on changes in soil hardness in the area of operation of running systems is obtained. The obtained mathematical models make it possible to predict changes in soil hardness, which makes it possible to reduce the negative impact on the soil of running systems by optimally completing, configuring and selecting the MTU operating mode.
CREEP PROPERTIES AND PREDICTION MODEL OF PADDY SOIL UNDER COMPRESSION
Authors: Liu Guoyang , Xia Junfang , Zheng Kan , Cheng Jian , Jiang Liu , Guo Liwei
Published: January 2022

In order to study the compressive creep properties and laws of paddy soil, multi-stress creep experiments of paddy soil with different moisture content were carried out. The results show that the creep deformation of paddy soil, subjected to compressive loads effect, develops stably and the paddy soil is not destructed under the yield strength when the stress is low. When the stress level is higher than the yield strength, the internal damage of paddy soil would be caused at the moment of loading. With the extension of creep time, the cracks would gradually expand, resulting in the soil to yield, break and disintegrate. According to the analysis of the deformation properties of paddy soil under compression and the change trend of creep curve, the nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic model was composed of the nonlinear viscoplastic model and Burgers model in series. The creep test curve was introduced into the model for fitting, and the coefficient of determination reached more than 0.96. Based on the model, the strain composition, strain proportion, and strain rate of paddy soil were studied. Finally, the nonlinear model was compared with Burgers model by verification test. The fitting accuracy of the nonlinear model was better than Burgers model, and the coefficient of determination and relative error were 0.997 and 0.437%, respectively, which proved the rationality and correctness of the nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic model. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of tillage machinery structure and the simulation analysis of soil tillage and compaction.
RESEARCH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF MECHANIZED STRAW RETURNING TECHNOLOGY. A REVIEW
Authors: Liang Fang , Wang YuBing , Deng WeiHong , Yuan Shaoning , Wang Zirui
Published: January 2022

As the application of agricultural mechanized production technology becomes more and more extensive, the application of mechanized straw returning technology has become more and more valuable. The mechanized return of straw to the field is a time-saving and labor-saving technology. It is an effective way to achieve sustainable agricultural development and is of great significance to the development and progress of modern agriculture. This article analyzes the current research status of mechanized straw returning to the field, discusses the process structure and characteristics of different mechanized straw returning methods, and focuses on the analysis of the composite technology of straw returning to the field. At the same time, the key problems of straw returning to the field, such as the length of straw not meeting the standard, the shallow depth of straw returning to the field, and the uneven distribution of straw, are put forward and analyzed. By taking the cover and burial rate of straw on the soil surface and the spatial distribution uniformity of straw in the soil as the performance evaluation indexes of straw mechanized field return, each index is elaborated. Finally, two major development trends are proposed: the development of mechanized straw returning to the field from a single process to a composite process, and the effect of straw returning to the field towards uniform mixed burying and precise control.
RESEARCH ON THE UNIFORMITY DEGREE OF SOLID ORGANIC FERTILIZERS DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Stefan Vasilica , Zaica Ana , Iosif Adrian
Published: January 2022

In this paper are presented the results of experimental research conducted in order to improve the uniformity of organic fertilizers distribution (compost and semi-fermented manure) used for soil fertilization, if the administration is done with a machine with a distributor with continuous spiral centrifugal beaters, arranged vertically. The uniformity of organic fertilizers distribution depends on a number of factors such as: the speed and angle of inclination of the distribution device, the distance between the distribution beaters, the humidity and the density of the material, wind speed, the size of the fertilizer particles. The determinations were performed under working conditions and the various parameters were the beaters speed, beaters inclination angle and the feed rate of the distribution device, choosing 3 situations (minimum, average and maximum) for each of them. Based on the obtained results, the multivariable functions of polytropic form was determined, which characterize the degree of uniformity of the spread material, function that can be the basis for the elaboration of constructive solutions to ensure the optimum uniformity of distribution.
Landasan Filosofis dan Corak Pendekatan Abdurrahman Wahid Tentang Implementasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Islamy Athoillah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore and identify the philosophical basis and features of Abdurrahman Wahid's approach to Islamic law regarding the implementation model of Islamic law in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research in the form of literature review. This research is included in the category of philosophical normative Islamic law research. The theory used as a theory of analysis is the theory of the formalization paradigm of Islamic law. There are two major conclusions in this study. First. First, the indigenousization of Islam is Abdurrahman Wahid’s philosophical foundation for the implementation model of Islamic law through the method of contextual interpretation and contextualization of classical Islamic law. Second, Abdurrahman Wahid’s approach related to the implementation of Islamic law in the context of people's life in Indonesia is a cultural substantive approach
Kebijakan Diversi Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Pencurian Ringan
Authors: Lisma Lisma
Published: January 2022

Kajian ini membahas diversi sebagai salah satu model penyelesaian perkara secara non litigasi yang selaras dengan cita negara hukum Pancasila. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan tiga jenis pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, demi terwujudnya restorative justice, maka proses diversi wajib diupayakan oleh aparat penegak hukum pada level penyidikan (Kepolisian), penuntutan (Kejaksaan) dan pemeriksaan perkara di pengadilan (Hakim). Namun, implementasinya hanya diakui dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang diperuntukkan bagi anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum (ABH) dengan tiga sayarat yaitu ancaman sanksi pidananya dibawah tujuh tahun, bukan residivis dan harus ada kesepakatan antara pelaku dan pihak korban. Berpijak pada konsep ini, diversi seharusnya dapat pula diterapkan pada tindak pidana pencurian ringan apabila memenuhi syarat, mengingat aspek restorative justice dan lembaga pemasyaratan maupun rumah tanahan telah melebihi batas kapasitas.
Analisis Strategi Perlawanan Indonesia Dalam Diskriminasi Kelapa Sawit Oleh Uni Eropa
Authors: Nugraha M Fuadillah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine how Indonesia's resistance strategy in oil palm discrimination by the European Union. Researchers use the perspective of liberalism and idealism, and the basic assumptions are peace and war avoidance. The results show that EU discrimination against Indonesian CPO products requires players in the palm oil industry and the Indonesian government to work together to design and develop intensive diplomatic efforts aimed at the EU government and its people. The Indonesian government's efforts to oppose the EU's incentives for the use of palm oil are 1) filing claims and challenges against the EU incentives to reject palm oil restrictions, 2) The Indonesian government emphasizes the importance of distributing Indonesian palm oil globally 3) Lobbying the leadership of the APEC organization to ensure the safety of Indonesia's palm oil industry 4) Undertake Join Capaign efforts by the world's largest palm oil producer to protect the stability of palm oil shipments and take action against negative campaigns against palm oil, and unite voices in drafting an agreement to jointly support industrial development palm oil to be more resilient against the global backlash on palm oil.
Transaksi Cryptocurrency dalam Pandangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Jati Hardian Satria , Zulfikar Ahmad Arif
Published: January 2022

The increasingly widespread development of the digital era has led to changes in the payment system which then affects the economic behavior of the community in line with the increase in various services that facilitate economic activity. An example is the emergence of crypto currency or Cryptocurrency as a digital currency that has almost the same function as other currencies. The thing that distinguishes this digital currency from conventional currencies in general is that it does not have a physical form of money like currency currency but only a block of data bound by a hash as validation. Although it provides a number of advantages for its users, the existence of cryptocurrencies in Indonesia itself is still experiencing pros and cons in terms of regulation and legality, especially from the point of view of Islamic law for its use. Therefore, this study was conducted to review cryptocurrencies that are widely used in transactions, especially investments from the perspective of Islamic law. This research is a qualitative library research. The data analysis technique used is descriptive-analytical with a normative juridical approach to Islamic law. Based on a number of references used in this study, it is known that investing with cryptocurrencies has a very high risk because its value can go up or down drastically and unpredictable. Meanwhile, from the point of view of Islamic sharia law, the law of this cryptocurrency transaction is haram lighairihi.
Implementasi Syari’at Islam di Aceh: Studi Kasus Peranan Da’i Perbatasan di Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Nurdin Abidin , Zainuddin Muslim , Muthalib Salman Abdul , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to discuss the implementation of Islamic law in Aceh, especially regarding the role of border preachers in Aceh Tamiang District, Aceh Province. This research is a study of the sociology of law or empirical law that discusses the law in reality or the reality in people's lives. There are two data collection techniques used, namely literature review and in-depth interviews. This study concludes that the border preacher is a program of the Islamic Shari'ah Service which aims to support the implementation of Islamic law in border areas and remote areas in Aceh. Namely in the regions, Singkil, South Aceh, Subulussalam, Simeulu, Southeast Aceh, and Aceh Tamiang. Especially in Aceh Tamiang, the border preacher has carried out his duties and functions well, namely carrying out religious recitation activities, recitation of al-Qur’an education park, strengthen aqidah and maintaining religious harmony in society. Thus, in the context of the sociology of Islamic law applied in Aceh, it has a positive impact on the community in the sense that people are religiously obedient, their religious knowledge increases, strong aqidah and religious life becomes harmonious.
Od insurekcji do rewolucji
Authors: Łaniewski Aleksander
Published: January 2022

Over the past 30 years, the anarchist movement in Belarus has been constantly developing and radicalising. Both the active participation of anarchists in the 2020 protests (mass demonstrations, performances of students and workers, grass-roots courtyard initiatives, anarcho-partisans), as well as the publication of a number of analytical articles and the proposing of two political programmes (Pramen, Ihar Alinievich) allow the Belarusian revolution to be considered as not only the culmination of the radicalisation of the anarchist movement, but also as a completion of the formation of a virile and independent socio-political movement. The participation of anarchists in the revolution, in turn, made them key figures of unprecedented repressions by the Belarusian authorities (including the recognition of anarcho-partisans as terrorists). As a result, the Belarusian anarchist movement was paralysed.
Białoruski protest z 2020 r. w sieci
Authors: Rust Maxim
Published: January 2022

The development of information technologies and social networks makes it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of the mechanisms of social self-organisation and politicisation of wider social masses, thus influencing the processes of democratisation of societies and political systems. This particularly applies to post-Soviet states. The development of the socio-political crisis that began in Belarus in August 2020 can be a very valuable subject for research into the impact of modern digital tools (messengers, social networks, crowdfunding, and so on) on the dynamics of changes in post-Soviet transforming systems. The main objective of this article is to systematise and present the impact and influence that modern digital tools have had on the nature and dynamics of the ongoing Belarusian political crisis and social protest.
On the politics of fear
Authors: Zajączkowska Natalia
Published: January 2022

Muslims, India’s largest minority group, have often found themselves excluded from the country’s mainstream political power circles. The historically constructed clash between Muslims and Hindus has been used by the members of the far right – such as the Rāṣtriya Svayaṃsevak Saṇgh (RSS) or the Viśva Hindū Pariṣada (VHP) – to present the Muslim community as outsiders and ill-intentioned others with a view to subjugating the Hindu majority. There has been a notable rise in majoritarianism since the Bhāratiya Janata Party (BJP) rose to power in 2014. Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, many BJP and RSS members made overtly racist remarks and incited violence against the Muslim community. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated this religious polarisation that has been gradually intensifying since Narendra Modi (BJP) won a landslide re-election victory in May 2019. Fears surrounding the pandemic have rapidly fuelled societal divisions, as well as hyper-nationalism and religious extremism targeted at Indian Muslims. A tarnished social fabric would have obvious long-term ramifications, specifically relating to stigmatisation, stereotyping and violent attacks. In this paper, the author will attempt to examine the role of BJP politicians in stoking Islamophobia. The author will address the question of whether the COVID-19 pandemic has been politicised against the Muslim minority. Are politicians primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? What roles have state actors played in fomenting sectarian discord during COVID-19? This article tackles these and other salient questions pertaining to the politicisation of the coronavirus outbreak and mounting hate speech authorised by the ruling party in India. The article concludes by suggesting that Hindutva-driven Islamophobia, supported by the BJP government, may have permeated the Hindu mainstream but cautions that this claim still needs empirical validation. This article informs readers of the specific process of Islamophobic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic which remains a largely understudied phenomenon in India. My interpretation is partially based on spending two months doing fieldwork, mainly in New Delhi, in February and March 2020 during the coronavirus outbreak.
Gruzja w polityce Polski w latach 1991−2009
Authors: Kowal Paweł
Published: January 2022

This article focuses on Georgia’s role in Polish foreign policy after the breakup of the Soviet Union. It brings exceptional focus to the period after 2005 and changes in the conception of agreement with Russia based on the ministers of foreign affairs Stefan Meller’s mission for the Eastern policy in the spirit of prometheism. The author concentrates on the analysis of motives behind Georgia’s significant place in Polish foreign policy and interprets the Eastern policy of president Lech Kaczyński and subsequent cabinets after the 2005 election in this aspect. As an entry point for the analysis of the context of intense Polish-Georgian relations after 2005 the author brings up Charles Taylor’s social imaginary concept.
Persepsi Generasi Milenial Terhadap Tradisi Grebeg Besar di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Nurrokhmah Eka Erni , Salwa Dian Fatimatus , Desiani Khikmatul Laili , Rosalita Tia
Published: January 2022

Demak merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kota yang menjadi cikal bakal Islam di Jawa dan banyak meninggalkan catatan-catatan dan bukti sejarah serta ingatan religius yaitu berupa Masjid Agung Demak dan makam Sunan Kalijaga. Demak memiliki tradisi budaya serta peninggalan yang cukup beragam dan unik. Salah satu tradisi yang unik dan masih berlangsung adalah tradisi Grebeg Besar. Grebeg Besar merupakan upacara tradisional yang bernilai ritual keagamaan bagi warga masyarakat Kabupaten Demak sebagai sarana untuk menyambut datangnya hari raya Lebaran Haji pada setiap tanggal 10 Dzulhijjah. Tujuan pelaksanaan tradisi Grebeg Besar Demak selain sebagai wujud pelestarian tradisi budaya dan syiar Islam, juga sebagai peningkatan sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Eksistensi grebeg besar tidak dapat diragukan lagi, semua pemuda-pemudi berbondong-bondong untuk mendatanginya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti ingin menggali lebih dalam mengenai persepsi generasi milenial terhadap pelaksanaan grebeg besar, mengingat generasi milenial adalah generasi emas penerus bangsa yang harus berpartisipasi dalam melestarikan budaya tradisi masyarakat yang ada agar tidak luntur. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi generasi milenial Demak terhadap tradisi Grebeg Besar Demak antara lain sebagai media pelestarian budaya, sarana religi, hiburan, dan meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi.
Technology Governance: Minding and Closing the Gaps in Africa
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, FRANCIS JOHN SOKFA
Published: January 2022

Technological innovation is at the heart of human evolution and progress. It is a catalyst for human well-being and socio-economic development. The rapid advancement the world is currently witnessing in this regard also birth concerns and ambiguities around the tension between benefits of today’s innovations and technologies and their actual and potential harm or risks. This paper outlines some key challenges to the global governance of emerging technologies to maximise benefits while preventing harm. The paper also identified some gaps in technology governance in Africa, their implications, and some key issues that need to be considered in closing these gaps. It argues that African governments, the corporate sector, academic institutions and other stakeholders need to begin to engage the current state of innovations and technologies and their possible futures and implications for the continent more critically and innovatively. This will require approaches informed by current needs and future thinking, are in sync with global trends, and prioritise Africa’s interests and needs. The current decolonisation debates in Africa should specifically inform such approaches. That will address the emerging patterns of coloniality observed in the current technological landscape and prevent the future occurrence of such practices. Additionally, considering rural African populations and their importance to the continent’s sustainable development, approaches to technological governance should also aim to centralise rather than marginalise rural communities. The paper concludes by highlighting some key areas of future research, such as investigating ways to achieve inclusive, just and equitable technological governance.
The Effect of Wrist Kinesiotaping on Hand Motor Exercise in Fine Motor Skill for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Erna Setiawati
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Kinesiotaping (KT) is one of current method that being used for hands problems in cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of kinesiotaping at wrist combined with hand motor exercise in fine motor skill for children with cerebral palsy.Methods: The design was simple randomized controlled study pre and post intervention. There were 18 children who divided into kinesiotaping and control group. Subjects in the KT group received hand motor exercise and wrist kinesiotaping. Subjects in control group received only hand motor exercise.Both groups received the exercise for 4 weeks. There were difference in the MACS score which is used to measure fine motor skills in this study. Pre and posttest scores were collected before applying kinesiotaping and after 4 weeks of intervention.Results: Both groups showed an increase in MACS score after 4 weeks intervention. For MACS score, there was statistically significant difference in KT group (p = 0.025), but not statistically significant in control group (p = 0.083).Conclusion: Wrist kinesiotaping can be used for adjunct therapy combined with conventional hand motor exercise for improving manual ability in the hand and fin e motor skill in cerebral palsy.Keywords: Cerebral palsy, fine motor skill, wrist kinesiotaping.
Moderate Intensity Physical Exercise Decreases Gastrocnemius Caspase-3 Expression on Mus musculus with Statin Treatment
Authors: Junita Jeanne Paliman  , Ratna Darjanti Haryadi  , Rwahita Satyawati Darmanta  , Willy Sandhika  , Martha Kurnia Kusumawardani
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism abnormality marked by increase or decrease of lipid fraction in the plasma. Statin or 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor is an important dyslipidemia medication that may induce apoptosis of the skeletal muscle.Decrease of Bcl-2 and Bax ratio causing caspase-9 activation followed by caspase-3 activation occur in apoptosis. Moderate intensity physical exercise (MIPE) decreases DNA fragmentation, increases Bcl-2 protein level and decreases Bax transcript level.Methods: Thirty healthy BALB/C strain Mus musculus divided into 3 groups: first intervention group with statin only treatment (S), second intervention group with statin treatment plus MIPE using motorized treadmill (ST), and control (C) group with no statin and nor exercise. The duration of treatmentwas 28 days. Statin treatment dose was 2.06mg/kg bodyweight. Measurement caspase-3 was done by immunohistochemistry evaluation and the expression of capase-3 was calculated by cells count which expressing caspase-3.Results: There were more muscle cells expressing caspase-3 in the S group (47.00±12.92cells) than the C group (2.70±1.94 cells); p=0.000, the ST group (21.44±10.13 cells) than the C group (p=0.001), as well as S group and the ST group (p=0.000).Conclusion: Moderate intensity physical exercise can decrease caspase-3 expression in statin treated subject.Keywords: apoptosis, caspase-3, dyslipidemia, moderate intensity physical exercise, statin.
The Effect of Yap Taz on Flexibility Exercise in Patient With Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Adelia Safira  , Yenni Limyati  , Grace Puspasari
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the outbreak of Covid-19, the policy of working from home for employees and studying from home for students create a new problem. Employees and students mostly have to sit for long periods of time. This can affect body posture leading to lower back pain. Scoliosis is a postural disorder consistingof lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae. The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown, and still present as theoretical hypothesis’s experts. One of non-surgical treatment that has been used for mild to moderate scoliosis is flexibility exercises. Flexibility exercises have been reported to reducethe degree of curvature in idiopathic scoliosis through the muscle hypertrophy mechanism. Muscle hypetrophy is regulated by Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZbinding motif protein (Taz) through three pathways, such as Hippo pathway signal, mechanosensorresponse, and mTOR signaling. The aim of this review is to examine more deeply the effect of Yap Taz protein on flexibility exercises in idiopathic scoliosis patien ts.Keywords: flexibility, hypertrophy, scoliosis, Taz, Yap.
OPTIMALISASI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SARANA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Evania Dini Adhinda Rafelliya S.P
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki rumusan masalah yaitu bagaimana mengoptimalisasi pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses mengoptimalisasi pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif disajikan dengan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru kelas III B dan siswa kelas III B SDN Cikokol 1 Kota Tangerang. Objek penelitian ini adalah proses optimalisasi pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran jarak jauh  siswa sudah antusias selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi.Hal ini terlihat dari keaktifan mereka ketika sedang melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Siswa juga lebih mudah menangkap dan memahami materi pelajaran sehingga siswa lebih tertarik dan lebih fokus dalam pembelajaran tersebut. Untuk optimalisasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh belum sepenuhnya optimal, karena selama proses pembelajaran jarak jauh ini, guru jadi sulit mengukur tingkat kepahaman siswa, karakter siswa dan penilaian akademiknya. Bahkan selama proses pembelajaran jarak jauh ini baru  80%  siswa yang bisa mengakses video conference yang digunakan. 

Kata Kunci: Optimal, Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh, Teknologi, Informasi, Komunikasi
INTERNALISASI PEDULI LINGKUNGAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Delia Noventy Citta
Published: January 2022

Formal education is generally more concerned with intellectual development. Therefore, there are still many schools that have not optimally paid attention to the character of students, one of which is the character of caring for the environment which is currently a community need in the midst of the crisis of environmental destruction. The research that will be conducted is research with a qualitative approach, descriptive method. This study aims to find out how the internalization of environmental care for students through environment-based learning at SDN Cikokol 1. Data collection techniques use observations and interviews. The results showed that the internalization of environmental care through environment-based learning at SDN Cikokol 1 had been carried out well, it could be said that the students' understanding and awareness of environmental sustainability and existing environmental conditions had increased. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded how to overcome environmental problems in the future, namely by providing education about the environment from an early age through elementary schools.
STRATEGI PENGUATAN KARAKTER RASA INGIN TAHU PADA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK DI SD CENDEKIA ISLAMIC SCHOOL KELAS IV
Authors: Ramadhani Zahra Zhaffa
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the strategy of strengthening curiosity as a trait using a scientific approach. The population of the study is among the 4th-grade students of SD Cendekia Islamic School. This study uses qualitative research methods and data collection techniques such as direct interviews with educators and observations in the learning process as well as documentation studies. Sources of data in this study are educators and students. The teaching activities of 4th graders at SD Cendekia Islamic School class IV have been carried out on a distance learning basis since the outbreak of covid-19 in Indonesia. The results of this research, conducted on fourth-grade students at SD Cendekia Islamic School, show that the learning activities carried out during the distance learning period were not optimal in terms of scientific approaches. Because, according to researchers, the use of a scientific approach, when face-to-face interaction with students is possible, is more efficient than its use in distance learning, which is the current situation. Hence, the researchers conclude that the study conducted during the distance learning process that utilized scientific approaches did not maximize strengthening curiosity as a trait. Researchers suggest that, in distance learning exercises, it is necessary to pay attention first to all components that can support the successful implementation of scientific approaches on the development of curiosity as a trait.
KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PESERTA DI KELAS 6 SDIT ENTER
Authors: Saraswati Binti Fatman Susi
Published: January 2022

Reading skill is one that must be possessed by students. The purpose of this study was to determine the reading skills of students at SDIT Enter Serang-Banten. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach to data collection techniques carried out by direct observation and documentation studies. The subjects of this research are students. Based on the results of observations and research conducted by researchers, it is found that there are some students who are not fluent in reading and have not been able to determine the main idea and describe a reading text. With this problem, the researcher provides a solution by using the anti-creation guide model, group method and literacy board media with reading texts that can improve students' reading skills.
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK
Authors: Inggit Rachayu Sri
Published: January 2022

Lack of teacher strategies in improving the ability of students in the learning process. The application of the scientific approach as a new strategy that can be used by teachers in the learning process. This study aims to improve the ability of students and make students more active in seeking their own knowledge and skills through the application of a scientific approach at SDIT Irsyadul Ibad. This study uses a qualitative method with data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model. Data collection techniques include data reduction and presentation, as well as drawing conclusions. The data collection instruments are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Based on the research that has been done, it shows that the teacher in the learning process in class 5A Tariq Bin Ziyad has applied a scientific approach which includes 5M activities of asking, observing, reasoning, gathering information and communicating. The implementation of the scientific approach makes students more active in learning, increasing self-confidence, asking questions and communicating. Produce students with character so that they are able to seek their own knowledge and skills.