bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Künstliche Intelligenz in der bildgebenden Diagnostik
Authors: Golder Werner Albert
Published: September 2021

Im Gegensatz zur sogenannten computerassistierten Diagnostik sind Radiomics und verwandte Module der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) nicht nur Adjutanten, sondern Konkurrenten des diagnostischen Radiologen. Die Bereitschaft zur Integration der Programme in die Praxis ist dennoch groß. Für die Annäherung sind profunde Kenntnisse der Verflechtungen zwischen KI und Radiologie notwendig. Jeder Radiologe muss die grundsätzliche Entscheidung treffen, ob er den Assistenten regelhaft oder nur in Einzelfällen und ob er ihn vor oder nach der eigenen Interpretation zu Rate zieht. Die therapeutischen Empfehlungen und prognostischen Hinweise der Programme sind nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen weniger wertvoll als die diagnostischen Urteile. Es ist zu erwarten, dass radiologische KI-Module künftig auch den Patienten selbst zur eigenverantwortlichen Analyse radiologischer Bilddatensätze zugänglich sein werden.
Assemblies of 1,4-Bis(diarylamino)naphthalenes and Aromatic Amphiphiles: Highly Reducing Photoredox Catalysis in Water
Authors: Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka , Hyodo Yuki , Takahashi Keigo , Chitose Youhei , Abe Manabu , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: September 2021

Host–guest assemblies of a designed 1,4-bis(diarylamino)naphthalene and V-shaped aromatic amphiphiles consisting of two pentamethylbenzene moieties bridged by an m-phenylene unit bearing two hydrophilic side chains emerged as highly reducing photoredox catalysis systems in water. An efficient demethoxylative hydrogen transfer of Weinreb amides has been developed. The present supramolecular strategy permits facile tuning of visible-light photoredox catalysis in water.
Total Synthesis of Thiocladospolide A and Its C2-Epimer
Authors: Ghosh Subhash , Swami Pramod , Mali Maruti , Dhulshette Baswaraj
Published: September 2021

The first total synthesis of the recently isolated natural product thiocladospolide A, along with its C2-epimer, is achieved in nine straightforward linear steps and 12% overall yield. The key feature of the synthesis is the construction of the macrocyclic ring via a late-stage ring-closing metathesis reaction followed by alkene reduction.
Intramolecular Chalcogenylation of Isooxazolines Mediated by PhICl2 and Diorganyl Disulfides or Diselenides
Authors: Sun Fengxia , Du Yunfei , Zhang Dongke , Zhang Jingran , Li Xiaoxian , Yu Zhenyang , Li Yadong
Published: September 2021

Reactive organosulfenyl chlorides (ArSCl) or selenenyl chlorides (ArSeCl), generated in situ from the reaction of PhICl2 with diorganyl disulfides or diselenides, enable the intramolecular oxidative cyclization/chalcogenylation of β,γ-unsaturated oximes, leading to the formation of a series of chalcogenylated isooxazolines in good to excellent yield.
Principles for Real-World Implementation of Bedside Predictive Analytics Monitoring
Authors: Moorman Liza Prudente
Published: September 2021

A new development in the practice of medicine is Artificial Intelligence-based predictive analytics that forewarn clinicians of future deterioration of their patients. This proactive opportunity, though, is different from the reactive stance that clinicians traditionally take. Implementing these tools requires new ideas about how to educate clinician users to facilitate trust and adoption and to promote sustained use. Our real-world hospital experience implementing a predictive analytics monitoring system that uses electronic health record and continuous monitoring data has taught us principles that we believe to be applicable to the implementation of other such analytics systems within the health care environment. These principles are mentioned below:

• To promote trust, the science must be understandable.

• To enhance uptake, the workflow should not be impacted greatly.

• To maximize buy-in, engagement at all levels is important.

• To ensure relevance, the education must be tailored to the clinical role and hospital culture.

• To lead to clinical action, the information must integrate into clinical care.

• To promote sustainability, there should be periodic support interactions after formal implementation.
Outcomes after Cervical Duraplasty for Monomelic Amyotrophy (Hirayama Disease): Results of a Case–Control Study of 60 Patients
Authors: Thakar Sumit , Arun Aditya Atal , Rajagopal Niranjana , Aryan Saritha , Mohan Dilip , Vijayan Joshy E. , Hegde Alangar S.
Published: September 2021

Background The optimal management and the role of surgery in monomelic amyotrophy, also known as Hirayama disease (HD), remain controversial. In the largest series of patients with HD managed by cervical duraplasty (CD), this study compares the outcomes between conservative and surgical management.

Methods A retrospective case–control study was performed on 60 patients with HD. The cases consisted of 30 patients who underwent CD, and 30 age- and sex-matched controls who managed with long-term collar wear. Clinical improvement was recorded using two patient-reported outcome measures—the Odom's scale and a self-rated hand grip strength score. Median and ulnar compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and various magnetic resonance imaging parameters were recorded.

Results None of the controls experienced clinical improvement at follow-up; 90% remained status quo at 24.33 ± 9.38 months. Seventy-six percent of the operated patients demonstrated clinical improvement at 29.61 ± 12.78 months, and a majority of them reported moderately better grip strength. The preoperative anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the surgical group improved from 0.74 ± 0.13 to 0.86 ± 0.21 (p = 0.01), and the cord demonstrated a significant decrease in forward migration on flexion (0.20 ± 0.11 and 0.03 ± 0.07 preoperatively and at follow-up, respectively, p < 0.0001). Patients with clinical improvement demonstrated significantly better mean APD and median and ulnar CMAP values than those who did not improve (p < 0.0001). The mean cervical alignment did not change significantly at follow-up (p = 0.13).

Conclusions This study shows that CD can significantly alter the clinical course of patients with progressive symptoms of HD. This approach successfully arrests the forward migration of the cervical cord on flexion and promotes morphological recovery of the cord. A majority of the patients undergoing CD demonstrate clinical and electrophysiological improvement at mid-term follow-up.
Stochastic facilitation in heteroclinic communication channels
Authors: Sirio Carmantini Giovanni , Schittler Neves Fabio , Timme Marc , Rodrigues Serafim
Published: September 2021

Biological neural systems encode and transmit information as patterns of activity tracing complex trajectories in high-dimensional state spaces, inspiring alternative paradigms of information processing. Heteroclinic networks, naturally emerging in artificial neural systems, are networks of saddles in state space that provide a transparent approach to generate complex trajectories via controlled switches among interconnected saddles. External signals induce specific switching sequences, thus dynamically encoding inputs as trajectories. Recent works have focused either on computational aspects of heteroclinic networks, i.e., Heteroclinic Computing, or their stochastic properties under noise. Yet, how well such systems may transmit information remains an open question. Here, we investigate the information transmission properties of heteroclinic networks, studying them as communication channels. Choosing a tractable but representative system exhibiting a heteroclinic network, we investigate the mutual information rate (MIR) between input signals and the resulting sequences of states as the level of noise varies. Intriguingly, MIR does not decrease monotonically with increasing noise. Intermediate noise levels indeed maximize the information transmission capacity by promoting an increased yet controlled exploration of the underlying network of states. Complementing standard stochastic resonance, these results highlight the constructive effect of stochastic facilitation (i.e., noise-enhanced information transfer) on heteroclinic communication channels and possibly on more general dynamical systems exhibiting complex trajectories in state space.
The localization spread and polarizability of rings and periodic chains
Authors: Angeli Celestino , Bendazzoli Gian Luigi , Evangelisti Stefano , Berger J. Arjan
Published: September 2021

The localization spread gives a criterion to decide between metallic and insulating behavior of a material. It is defined as the second moment cumulant of the many-body position operator, divided by the number of electrons. Different operators are used for systems treated with open or periodic boundary conditions. In particular, in the case of periodic systems, we use the complex position definition, which was already used in similar contexts for the treatment of both classical and quantum situations. In this study, we show that the localization spread evaluated on a finite ring system of radius R with open boundary conditions leads, in the large R limit, to the same formula derived by Resta and co-workers [C. Sgiarovello, M. Peressi, and R. Resta, Phys. Rev. B 64, 115202 (2001)] for 1D systems with periodic Born–von Kármán boundary conditions. A second formula, alternative to Resta’s, is also given based on the sum-over-state formalism, allowing for an interesting generalization to polarizability and other similar quantities.
Novel modes of synchronization in star networks of coupled chemical oscillators
Authors: Mersing David , Tyler Shannyn A. , Ponboonjaroenchai Benjamas , Tinsley Mark R. , Showalter Kenneth
Published: September 2021

Photochemically coupled micro-oscillators are studied experimentally and computationally in star networks to investigate the modes and mechanisms of synchronization. The micro-oscillators are catalyst-loaded beads that are placed in catalyst-free Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) solutions. The properties of the photochemical coupling between the oscillators are determined by the composition of the BZ reaction mixtures, and both excitatory coupling and inhibitory coupling are studied. Synchronization of peripheral oscillators coupled through a hub oscillator is exhibited at coupling strengths leading to novel modes of synchronization of the hub with the peripheral oscillators. A theoretical analysis provides insights into the mechanism of the synchronization. The heterogeneous peripheral oscillators have different phase velocities that give rise to a phase divergence; however, the perturbation from the hub acts to realign the phases by delaying the faster oscillators more than the slower oscillators.
Time-dependent homogeneous states of binary granular suspensions
Authors: Gómez González Rubén , Garzó Vicente
Published: September 2021

The time evolution of a homogeneous bidisperse granular suspension is studied in the context of the Enskog kinetic equation. The influence of the surrounding viscous gas on the solid particles is modeled via a deterministic viscous drag force plus a stochastic Langevin-like term. It is found first that, regardless of the initial conditions, the system reaches (after a transient period lasting a few collisions per particle) a universal unsteady hydrodynamic regime where the distribution function of each species not only depends on the dimensionless velocity (as in the homogeneous cooling state) but also on the instantaneous temperature scaled with respect to the background temperature. To confirm this result, theoretical predictions for the time-dependent partial temperatures are compared against direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results; the comparison shows an excellent agreement confirming the applicability of hydrodynamics in granular suspensions. Also, in the transient regime, the so-called Mpemba-like effect (namely, when an initially hotter sample cools sooner than the colder one) is analyzed for inelastic collisions. The theoretical analysis of the Mpemba effect is performed for initial states close to and far away from the asymptotic steady state. In both cases, good agreement is found again between theory and DSMC results. As a complement to the previous studies, we determine in this paper the dependence of the steady values of the dynamic properties of the suspension on the parameter space of the system. More specifically, we focus our attention on the temperature ratio T1/T2 and the fourth degree cumulants c1 and c2 (measuring the departure of the velocity distributions f1 and f2 from their Maxwellian forms). While our approximate theoretical expression for T1/T2 agrees very well with computer simulations, some discrepancies are found for the cumulants. Finally, a linear stability analysis of the steady state solution is also carried out showing that the steady state is always linearly stable.
The microscopic mechanism of bulk melting of ice
Authors: Moritz Clemens , Geissler Phillip L. , Dellago Christoph
Published: September 2021

We study the initial stages of homogeneous melting of a hexagonal ice crystal at coexistence and at moderate superheating. Our trajectory-based computer simulation approach provides a comprehensive picture of the events that lead to melting, from the initial accumulation of 5+7 defects, via the formation of L–D and interstitial–vacancy pairs, to the formation of a liquid nucleus. Of the different types of defects that we observe to be involved in melting, a particular kind of 5+7 type defect (type 5) plays a prominent role as it often forms prior to the formation of the initial liquid nucleus and close to the site where the nucleus forms. Hence, like other solids, ice homogeneously melts via the prior accumulation of defects.
Charge transfer-induced fast blue emission in SrZnO2:Ce
Authors: Manju  , Jain Megha , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind , Gupta Mukul , Rajput Parasmani , Vij Ankush , Thakur Anup
Published: September 2021

This study reports host-controlled luminescence from 4f0 and 4f 1 Ce levels in SrZnO2, probed through x-ray absorption near edge and photoluminescence spectroscopies. O K-edge perceived the presence of Ce 4f states at the bottom of conduction band and 5d states merging with conduction band. Due to such an arrangement, a fast radiative emission (11.15 ns, average) is observed through charge transfer excitation from host to empty 4f0 Ce levels. Ce content is found to vary the site occupancy, which is then modifying the population of 4f0 and 4f 1 energy states by altering Ce–O bond covalency. This study proposes the Ce-doped SrZnO2 system as a potential system for scintillators and lighting materials.
Self-powered narrowband visible-light photodetection enabled by organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3/p-Si heterojunction
Authors: Yang Shuaiheng , Chen Mingming , Shen Xuemin , Yuan Youwen , Liu Yuan , Wang Quan , Cao Dawei
Published: September 2021

In this work, we have reported self-powered narrowband visible-light photodetectors based on organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3)/p-Si heterojunctions, which were prepared by growing MAPbBr3 microcrystals on the p-Si substrate using a room-temperature antisolvent-assisted crystallization method. Morphological, structural, and optical investigations showed that the as-grown MAPbBr3 microcrystals possessed a high crystalline quality. Electrical characterizations showed that the hetero-pn junction was formed within the MAPbBr3/p-Si heterojunction. Thanks to the high crystalline quality of MAPbBr3 microcrystals, the as-fabricated heterojunction photodetectors operating under a bias voltage of 0 V exhibited a high on–off ratio of ∼5.3 × 105, a narrow photosensitivity spectrum with the full width at half maximum of 18.2 nm, a high photoresponse speed with the rising/falling time of 115.7/53.4 ms, and excellent stability to visible-light signals. Finally, the photodetection mechanism was proposed. It showed that the observed narrowband photodetection was attributed to the self-filtering effect caused by the thick MAPbBr3 microcrystals. The results presented in this work will provide valuable strategies for the fabrication of self-powered narrowband visible-light photodetectors in the future.
Ferrofluid-lubricated thrust bearing with an air cushion
Authors: Xie Xingfei , Dai Qingwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei
Published: September 2021

This study develops a ferrofluid-lubricated thrust bearing with an air cushion. The bearing comprises a rotor, a stator, and a ferrofluid ring formed between them due to absorption by an annular magnet under the stator. The design makes it possible for the air cushion (air sealed inside the ferrofluid ring) as well as the magnetized ferrofluid to supply supporting forces. A model of the bearing for a static supporting force is proposed and validated by experiments. As the gap between the rotor and stator was 0.25 mm, the maximum static supporting force of the bearing was 3.2 N, much higher than the support provided by the pure ferrofluid ring (without the air cushion, 1.7 N). The operating space of the bearing was detected by multicycle load–retract tests with remarkably high and repeatable accuracy. The results of dynamic experiments show that the speed of rotation of the rotor has a minor effect on the supporting force. Such a ferrofluid-lubricated bearing offers promise for use in precise positioning or low-friction systems.
Adult obesity management in New Zealand general practice: a review
Authors: Norman Kimberley , Chepulis Lynne , Burrows Lisette , Lawrenson Ross
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Obesity is an important issue that leads to further health complications, increases the strain on the national health system and lowers quality of life. There is little available information on obesity management to guide best practice in general practice, despite 32% of New Zealand adults reported to be obese. AIM To review obesity management in New Zealand general practice. METHODS We searched six online databases for peer-reviewed research about adult obesity management. Inclusion criteria were original research, a New Zealand adult sample aged 25–64 years with a body mass index (BMI) >30 (or >25 BMI if participants had comorbidities) with weight loss (kg) as a measurable outcome. RESULTS Eleven articles were identified: nine studies reported statistically significant weight loss from baseline, and two studies reported no significant weight loss. Three studies used a Kaupapa Māori approach. Weight loss results ranged from 0.56 to 12.1 kg. Weight loss interventions varied in strategy and suitability for individual patients. DISCUSSION We found that there are effective weight loss interventions available for primary health-care professionals to refer to. Although most interventions did produce some weight loss, patients may need more comprehensive interventions that include a combination of diet, exercise and behaviour modifications in culturally appropriate ways. Future research should aim to identify and mitigate potential barriers to obesity management in primary care, as well as develop comprehensive, multileveled interventions that are effective for the local population.
Boll Weevil Eradication: A Success Story of Science in the Service of Policy and Industry
Authors: Raszick Tyler Jay
Published: September 2021

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an infamous pest of commercially cultivated cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae). Once the most important agricultural pest in the United States, the boll weevil spurred an unprecedented mobilization of federal support and cooperation among stakeholders, culminating in the eventual eradication of the species from 98% of its invasive range in the United States. The US Boll Weevil Eradication Program, a joint effort of local, state, and federal governments and agencies, university and agency researchers, and the cotton producers themselves, is a prime example of a successful implementation of a community-wide integrated pest management (IPM). The program also dramatically reduced the use of insecticides in cotton production which led to further positive economic outcomes for producers and reduced the non-target impacts from those chemicals. Though the boll weevil has been mostly eradicated in the United States, the insect remains one of the most important and impactful cotton pests in Central and South America. In this review, we will revisit the agro-economic history of the boll weevil and examine the success of the US Boll Weevil Eradication Program. In doing so, we will learn how we can apply those lessons to boll weevil management abroad and community-wide management of other agricultural or invasive pests. Finally, we will conclude with a brief summary of the ongoing science that continues in service of eradication today.
The role of a pharmacy residency program in global health: Establishing pediatric clinical pharmacy services in a Malawian hospital
Authors: Laudone Thomas W , McKinzie Cameron J , Kumwenda Hanna S , Blum Lauren A , Dascanio Sarah A , Steeb David R
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To describe the establishment of pediatric clinical pharmacy services in a Malawian hospital as part of a pharmacy residency program’s engagement in global health.

While pharmacy is expanding its role in global health through the introduction of international advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) rotations at US schools of pharmacy, international experiences for pharmacy residents are currently very limited. Such programs are advantageous for pharmacists planning for a career in public or global health, and there is also great opportunity for clinical pharmacists to work with international partners for professional development and to help advance pharmacy practice. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy recently expanded its international APPE rotation in Malawi into the postgraduate training space through creation of a pediatric pharmacy residency training program, with the specific aim of working with partners in Malawi to introduce pediatric pharmacy services at Kamuzu Central Hospital. As this was the first time there was a pharmacist involved in patient care on the pediatric wards, the focus for the participating pharmacy resident was on establishing a positive relationship with the medical team through providing high-quality collaborative patient care for the pediatric population. In addition to working to establish pediatric clinical pharmacy services, the resident further contributed to sustainable improvements in pediatric patient care by identifying areas for quality improvement. We discuss several considerations for the successful implementation of international experiences and their impact on participating residents.

Conclusion

Pharmacy has an opportunity to build on the success of international APPE rotations and expand postgraduate offerings. Through collaboration with other institutions already involved in global health and identifying international rotation sites, residency programs across the country can create similarly beneficial global health experiences for their pharmacy residents.
Diet and Nutrition of Adult Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a Parasitoid of Filth Flies
Authors: Taylor E E , King B H , Burgess Edwin R
Published: September 2021

Most parasitoid wasps parasitize herbivorous insects, so nectar from flowers is readily available. However, parasitoid wasps are also an important component of the rich invertebrate communities at livestock facilities in large accumulations of manure, where flowers are largely absent. Little is known about adult parasitoid diet and nutrition in these communities. The present study examined this in Spalangia cameroni Perkins, a pupal parasitoid of filth flies. Like many parasitoid wasps, S. cameroni feed on host fluids, and in the laboratory readily feed on honey or a sucrose solution, which increases their longevity. Here adult longevity in the presence of six potential food sources, bovine manure, sorghum silage, bovine milk, buckwheat inflorescence (Polygonaceae), sweet alyssum inflorescence (Brassicaceae), or dandelion inflorescence (Asteraceae), was compared to that with water or honey. Only parasitoids given buckwheat lived as long as parasitoids given honey, and parasitoids given honey or buckwheat lived longer than parasitoids given water. Parasitoids readily ate buckwheat nectar, avoiding pollen grains. Diet affected the amount of free sugars, glycogen, and lipids in complex ways. Compared to parasitoids that were given just water, parasitoids with access to honey or sucrose had higher sugar and glycogen levels, but not detectably higher lipid levels. Access to buckwheat had no detectable effect on a parasitoid’s free sugar, glycogen, or lipid levels; however, then after 4 d with just water, sugar levels were lower and glycogen levels were higher compared to parasitoids that had been given access to only water the entire time.
ModellingPwaves in seismic noise correlations: advancing fault monitoring using train traffic sources
Authors: Sager Korbinian , Tsai Victor C , Sheng Yixiao , Brenguier Florent , Boué Pierre , Mordret Aurélien , Igel Heiner
Published: September 2021

The theory of Green’s function retrieval essentially requires homogeneously distributed noise sources. Even though these conditions are not fulfilled in nature, low-frequency (<1 Hz) surface waves generated by ocean–crust interactions have been used successfully to image the crust with unprecedented spatial resolution. In contrast to low-frequency surface waves, high-frequency (>1 Hz) body waves have a sharper, more localized sensitivity to velocity contrasts and temporal changes at depth. In general, their retrieval using seismic interferometry is challenging, and recent studies focus on powerful, localized noise sources. They have proven to be a promising alternative but break the assumptions of Green’s function retrieval. In this study, we present an approach to model correlations between P waves for these scenarios and analyse their sensitivity to 3-D Earth structure. We perform a series of numerical experiments to advance our understanding of these signals and prepare for an application to fault monitoring. In the considered cases, the character of the signals strongly diverges from Green’s function retrieval, and the sensitivity to structure has significant contributions in the source direction. An accurate description of the underlying physics allows us to reproduce observations made in the context of monitoring the San Jacinto Fault in California using train-generated seismic waves. This approach provides new perspectives for detecting and localizing temporal velocity changes previously unnoticed by commonly exploited surface-wave reconstructions.
A needle in the colon, the risk of ingested foreign objects: a case report
Authors: Espin Darwin S , Tufiño Jorge F , Cevallos Jaime M , Zumárraga Fernando , Orozco Vanessa E , Proaño Estefany J , Molina Gabriel A
Published: September 2021

Ingestion of foreign bodies is often found in clinical practice; however, intestinal perforation due to ingestion of foreign bodies is rare. Sharp and metallic objects are usually the ones that cause most complications. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult since the clinical presentation is vague and nonspecific presentation can simulate many abdominal pathologies. Patients are rarely aware of foreign body ingestion, and a high index of suspicion is required to make a timely diagnosis. In addition, treatment demands prompt surgery to avoid dangerous complications.

We present the case of a 19-year-old tailor; he inadvertently swallowed a needle and presented to the emergency department with a colonic perforation. Surgery was required, and he recovered completely.
Intraoperative ultrasound to aid resection of a peritorcular meningioma: a technical note
Authors: Rajwani Kapil Mohan , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Oviedova Anna , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev
Published: September 2021

Surgery for meningiomas involving dural venous sinuses is challenging. We describe a case of a peritorcular meningioma involving major venous sinuses, which was removed using a venous sparing approach with the aid of intraoperative ultrasound. We found ultrasound to be a useful adjunct as it enabled us to get real-time information about the location of venous structures, their function and demonstrate dynamic changes in blood flow during surgery.
The impact of pre-supernova feedback and its dependence on environment
Authors: McLeod Anna F , Ali Ahmad A , Chevance Mélanie , Della Bruna Lorenza , Schruba Andreas , Stevance Heloise F , Adamo Angela , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Longmore Steven N , Weisz Daniel R , Zeidler Peter
Published: September 2021

Integral field units enable resolved studies of a large number of star-forming regions across entire nearby galaxies, providing insight on the conversion of gas into stars and the feedback from the emerging stellar populations over unprecedented dynamic ranges in terms of spatial scale, star-forming region properties, and environments. We use the Very Large Telescope (VLT) MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) legacy data set covering the central 35 arcmin2 (∼12 kpc2) of the nearby galaxy NGC 300 to quantify the effect of stellar feedback as a function of the local galactic environment. We extract spectra from emission line regions identified within dendrograms, combine emission line ratios and line widths to distinguish between ${\rm H\, \small {II}}$ regions, planetary nebulae, and supernova remnants, and compute their ionized gas properties, gas-phase oxygen abundances, and feedback-related pressure terms. For the ${\rm H\, \small {II}}$ regions, we find that the direct radiation pressure (Pdir) and the pressure of the ionized gas ($P_{{\rm H\, \small {II}}}$) weakly increase towards larger galactocentric radii, i.e. along the galaxy’s (negative) abundance and (positive) extinction gradients. While the increase of $P_{{\rm H\, \small {II}}}$ with galactocentric radius is likely due to higher photon fluxes from lower-metallicity stellar populations, we find that the increase of Pdir is likely driven by the combination of higher photon fluxes and enhanced dust content at larger galactocentric radii. In light of the above, we investigate the effect of increased pre-supernova feedback at larger galactocentric distances (lower metallicities and increased dust mass surface density) on the ISM, finding that supernovae at lower metallicities expand into lower-density environments, thereby enhancing the impact of supernova feedback.
Metal-enriched halo gas across galaxy overdensities over the last 10 billion years
Authors: Dutta Rajeshwari , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Bielby Richard M , Stott John P , Lofthouse Emma K , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Cullen Fergus , Crain Robert A , Tripp Todd M , Prochaska J Xavier , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Burchett Joseph N , Fynbo Johan P U , Murphy Michael T , Schaye Joop , Tejos Nicolas , Theuns Tom
Published: September 2021

We present a study of metal-enriched halo gas traced by Mg ii and C iv absorption at z < 2 in the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies survey and the Quasar Sightline and Galaxy Evolution survey. Using these large and complete galaxy surveys in quasar fields, we study the dependence of the metal distribution on galaxy properties and overdensities, out to physical projected separations of 750 kpc. We find that the cool, low-ionization gas is significantly affected by the environment across the full redshift range probed, with ≈2–3 times more prevalent and stronger Mg ii absorption in higher overdensity group environments and in regions with greater overall stellar mass and star formation rates. Complementary to these results, we have further investigated the more highly ionized gas as traced by C iv absorption, and found that it is likely to be more extended than the Mg ii gas, with ≈2 times higher covering fraction at a given distance. We find that the strength and covering fraction of C iv absorption show less significant dependence on galaxy properties and environment than the Mg ii absorption, but more massive and star-forming galaxies nevertheless also show ≈2 times higher incidence of C iv absorption. The incidence of Mg ii and C iv absorption within the virial radius shows a tentative increase with redshift, being higher by a factor of ≈1.5 and ≈4, respectively, at z > 1. It is clear from our results that environmental processes have a significant impact on the distribution of metals around galaxies and need to be fully accounted for when analysing correlations between gaseous haloes and galaxy properties.
Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters – III. NGC 288, NGC 362, and NGC 6218 (M12)
Authors: Gontcharov George A , Khovritchev Maxim Yu , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Il’in Vladimir B , Marchuk Alexander A , Savchenko Sergey S , Smirnov Anton A , Usachev Pavel A , Poliakov Denis M
Published: September 2021

We present new isochrone fits to colour–magnitude diagrams of the Galactic globular clusters NGC 288, NGC 362, and NGC 6218 (M12). We utilize a lot of photometric bands from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared by use of data from the HST, Gaia, unWISE, Pan-STARRS, and other photometric sources. In our isochrone fitting, we use theoretical models and isochrones from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Program and Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones for α-enhanced abundance [α/Fe] = +0.40, different helium abundances, and a metallicity of about [Fe/H] = −1.3 adopted from the literature. We derive the most probable distances 8.96 ± 0.05, 8.98 ± 0.06, and 5.04 ± 0.05 kpc, ages 13.5 ± 1.1, 11.0 ± 0.6, and 13.8 ± 1.1 Gyr, extinctions AV = 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.11 ± 0.04, and 0.63 ± 0.03 mag, and reddenings E(B − V) = 0.014 ± 0.010, 0.028 ± 0.011, and 0.189 ± 0.010 mag for NGC 288, NGC 362, and NGC 6218, respectively. The distance estimates from the different models are consistent, while those of age, extinction, and reddening are not. The uncertainties of age, extinction, and reddening are dominated by some intrinsic systematic differences between the models. However, the models agree in their relative age estimates: NGC 362 is 2.6 ± 0.5 Gyr younger than NGC 288 and 2.8 ± 0.5 Gyr younger than NGC 6218, confirming age as the second parameter for these clusters. We provide reliable lists of the cluster members and precise cluster proper motions from the Gaia Early Data Release 3.
The comprehensive interactomes of human adenosine RNA methyltransferases and demethylases reveal distinct functional and regulatory features
Authors: Covelo-Molares Helena , Obrdlik Ales , Poštulková Ivana , Dohnálková Michaela , Gregorová Pavlína , Ganji Ranjani , Potěšil David , Gawriyski Lisa , Varjosalo Markku , Vaňáčová Štěpánka
Published: September 2021

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) are two abundant modifications found in mRNAs and ncRNAs that can regulate multiple aspects of RNA biology. They function mainly by regulating interactions with specific RNA-binding proteins. Both modifications are linked to development, disease and stress response. To date, three methyltransferases and two demethylases have been identified that modify adenosines in mammalian mRNAs. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the interactomes of these enzymes. PCIF1 protein network comprises mostly factors involved in nascent RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II, whereas ALKBH5 is closely linked with most aspects of pre-mRNA processing and mRNA export to the cytoplasm. METTL16 resides in subcellular compartments co-inhabited by several other RNA modifiers and processing factors. FTO interactome positions this demethylase at a crossroad between RNA transcription, RNA processing and DNA replication and repair. Altogether, these enzymes share limited spatial interactomes, pointing to specific molecular mechanisms of their regulation.
Impact of pre-graft serology on risk of BKPyV infection post-renal transplantation
Authors: Dakroub Fatima , Touzé Antoine , Sater Fadi Abdel , Fiore Toni , Morel Virginie , Tinez Claire , Helle François , François Catherine , Choukroun Gabriel , Presne Claire , Guillaume Nicolas , Duverlie Gilles , Castelain Sandrine , Akl Haidar , Brochot Etienne
Published: September 2021

Objectives

BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy is a troublesome disease caused by BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in immunocompromised renal graft recipients. There are no effective treatments available, making immunosuppression reduction the only management option. Thus, pre-graft predictive BKPyV replication markers are needed for identification of patients at high risk of viraemia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study to assess the correlation between pre-transplantation BKPyV serostatus and post-transplantation incidence of BKPyV infection. Sera from 329 recipients and 222 matched donors were tested for anti-BKPyV antibodies against BKPyV serotypes I and IV by using a virus-like particle-based immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and BKPyV DNA load was monitored for at least 1 year post-transplantation.

Results

Eighty recipients were viruric and 59 recipients were viraemic post-transplantation. In the post-transplantation period, the probability of developing viraemia for serotype I increased from 4.3% for the D−/R+ group to 12.1% for the D+/R+ group, climbing to 37.5% for the D+/R− group (P < 0.05). When calculating recipient mean titres for serotypes I and IV, we observed a clear difference in the proportions of viraemia, decreasing from 50% for mean titres <400 to 13.5% for titres ≥400 (P < 0.001), as well as a higher proportion of presumptive nephropathy (50% versus 23.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). In univariate analysis, this parameter had an odds ratio of 6.41 for the risk of developing post-transplantation BKPyV viraemia (95% confidence interval 3.16–13.07; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Determination of both donor and recipient BKPyV seropositivity before transplantation and antibody titre measurements may serve as a predictive tool to manage clinical BKPyV infection by identification of patients at high risk.
Getting on Board with Vaccinations
Authors: Kennedy Maureen Shawn
Published: September 2021

Nurses need to support the evidence, not the myths.
2020: Deadliest Year for Gun Violence in Decades
Authors: Nelson Roxanne
Published: September 2021

And the surge in violence doesn't show any signs of abating.
Resurgence of syphilis in the US
Authors: Bach Susan , Heavey Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Despite advances in screening and treatment for syphilis, the US has seen increased incidence of the disease in the past decade. This article gives an overview of incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, assessment, screening, treatment, and prevention of syphilis.
Approach to a patient with hypertensive urgency in the primary care setting
Authors: Benenson Irina , Bradshaw Molly J.
Published: September 2021

Patients who present to an outpatient office with hypertensive urgency—or severely elevated BP without evidence of acute target organ damage—can be safely treated in the ambulatory setting by initiating or reestablishing long-acting oral antihypertensive medications, addressing medication nonadherence, and reviewing precipitating factors.
Initiative to Increase the Rate of Emergency Department Physician Preprocedure Time-out Documentation
Authors: Sarin Arjun , Sharma Nikita , Jain Shobhit
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

The preprocedure time-out is an important safety measure to verify patient identity and accuracy of a planned procedure. The time-out is an institutional and Joint Commission requirement. However, physicians in our emergency departments (EDs) document it inconsistently. We aimed to improve physician preprocedure time-out documentation for deep sedation (ketamine and/or propofol) from 75% to 90%, and separately for cutaneous abscess incision and drainage (I&D) from 94% to 98% by June 2020.

Methods:

We analyzed 1 year of baseline data and weekly electronic medical record (EMR) reports from November 2019 through June 2020. Our outcome measures were the rate of physician time-out documentation for deep sedation and I&D, respectively; our process measure was physician engagement. Our interventions included education, monthly reminders and updates, individualized feedback for insufficient documentation, EMR deep sedation, and I&D procedure note optimization, and academic and financial incentives. We used statistical process control chart quality improvement rules for discerning special versus common cause variation.

Results:

Physician documentation of a preprocedure time-out improved from 75% to 100% for deep sedation and from 94% to 99.3% for I&D. These improvements remained sustained. All physicians were eligible for the financial bonus, and 40 (63%) met Maintenance of Certification credit requirements.

Conclusions:

Using quality improvement methodology, we increased physician time-out documentation for deep sedation and I&D through education, feedback, and systems enhancement. We improved Joint Commission regulatory compliance and reduced potential harm through these safety checks. Future studies may quantify patient safety effects and examine the efficacy of similar interventions for other procedures.
Using a Communication Passport within a Multidisciplinary Genetics Clinic
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Brenner-Miller Diana , Cottrell Clorinda , Bress Joy , Torres Amy , Skotko Brian G.
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Multiple clinic models for Down syndrome exist; one model is the multidisciplinary, specialty clinic, such as the Massachusetts General Hospital Down Syndrome Program (MGH DSP).

Methods:

Intrateam communication was identified as an area for improvement. Our team developed an intervention, the Passport, a paper-based communication tool passed by parents between clinical teams who evaluated the same patients in different locations. Metrics included an electronic survey of parents and clinicians and tracking the frequency of Passport use. The analysis included the use of Statistical Process Control charts and rules.

Results:

The parental suggestions for communication-based interactions improved from 54% (32/60) to 17% (3/18) (P < 0.01). Communication scores within the MGH DSP team and between the team and parents were high at 86% and 96%, respectively. Overall satisfaction with the MGH DSP remained consistently high during our project, with a mean score of 6.49 out of 7. The MGH DSP team members reported communication scores with a mean of 85 out of 100.

Conclusions:

Implementation of a paper Passport tool incorporated parents in the real-time, intraclinic communication between our MGH DSP teams, leading to improved communication suggestions and high marks on the other metrics followed. Such a tool could be useful for other multidisciplinary clinics where team members evaluate the same patients at different locations on the same day.
Cost Effectiveness and Impact in Quality of Care of a Pediatric Multidisciplinary Stone Clinic
Authors: Ming Jessica M. , Lopes Roberto I. , Harvey Elizabeth A. , Chua Michael E. , Saunders Megan A. , Matsuda-Abedini Mina , Bägli Darius J. , Farhat Walid A. , Dos Santos Joana
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Herein, we assess the cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary clinic for children with urinary stones. The clinic’s primary goals were to decrease unnecessary visits, imaging, and costs while optimizing the quality of care.

Methods:

Between October 2012 and January 2016, children with complex stone disease, previously treated in urology and/or nephrology clinics, were seen at a triannual pediatric combined stone clinic. We compared the number and cost of ultrasounds, emergency room (ER) visits, and stone surgeries performed before and after each patient’s initial evaluation. All patients received satisfaction surveys.

Results:

Among the 79 patients, 27 were seen at least twice in the combined clinic and followed multiple times in either urology or nephrology clinics. The mean number of ER visits per patient per year significantly decreased from 0.29 ± 0.36 to 0.10 ± 0.15 (P = 0.002). The mean cost of ER visits went from CAD$ 23.44 ± 28.80 to CAD$ 4.14 ± 12.18 (P = 0.002). Likewise, the mean annual number and cost of stone-related surgeries significantly decreased [(0.38 ± 0.63 versus 0.20 ± 0.32 after the MSC started (P = 0.026) and mean annual cost of surgeries went from CAD$ 182.97 ± 301.49 to CAD$ 41.59 ± 110.97 (P = 0.022)]. Among the survey responses returned, 75% of families believed the clinic was time-saving.

Conclusions:

Despite a small sample size, the number of ER visits and stone-related operations significantly decreased after the initial combined clinic intervention. Longer-term data will hopefully confirm if the positive findings continue.
LncRNA ITSN1-2 knockdown inhibits OGD/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis in mouse hippocampal neurons via sponging miR-195-5p
Authors: Zhu Fei , Luo Ermin , Yi Fei , Xiong Jianzhong , Huang Chun , Li Runying
Published: September 2021

Objective

The upregulation of long noncoding RNA intersectin 1-2 (lnc ITSN1-2) is associated with poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, but the role and mechanism of lnc ITSN1-2 in AIS are rarely reported, which, thus, are highlighted in this study.

Methods

AIS cell model was constructed by oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). The quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of lnc ITSN1-2 in HT22 cells. The effects of lnc ITSN1-2 overexpression or knockdown on viability, LDH release, apoptosis, inflammatory and apoptotic factor expressions in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay, LDH release kit, flow cytometry, ELISA and western blot, respectively. Starbase was used to screen the target genes of lnc ITSN1-2. The targeting relationship between lnc ITSN1-2 and miR-195-5p was predicted by starbase and verified by dual-luciferase report assay. The above assays were conducted again to study the function of miR-195-5p. Lastly, the levels of activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway-related proteins were determined by western blot.

Results

OGD/R treatment reduced the HT22 cell viability and enhanced LDH release rate and lnc ITSN1-2 expression. Lnc ITSN1-2 overexpression promoted the cell injury, apoptosis and inflammation in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells, while lnc ITSN1-2 knockdown generated the opposite effect and deactivated the MAPK pathways. However, the effect of lnc ITSN1-2 knockdown in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells was reversed by miR-195-5p inhibitor.

Conclusion

Lnc ITSN1-2 knockdown suppressed the inflammation and apoptosis in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells by regulating the miR-195-5p-mediated MAPK pathways.
A Transdiagnostic Data-driven Study of Children’s Behaviour and the Functional Connectome
Authors: Jones J. S. ,   the CALM Team, Astle D. E.
Published: September 2021

Behavioural difficulties are seen as hallmarks of many neurodevelopmental conditions. Differences in functional brain organisation have been observed in these conditions, but little is known about how they are related to a child’s profile of behavioural difficulties. We investigated whether behavioural difficulties are associated with how the brain is functionally organised in an intentionally heterogeneous and transdiagnostic sample of 957 children aged 5-15. We used consensus community detection to derive data-driven profiles of behavioural difficulties and constructed functional connectomes from a subset of 238 children with resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. We identified three distinct profiles of behaviour that were characterised by principal difficulties with hot executive function, cool executive function, and learning. Global organisation of the functional connectome did not differ between the groups, but multivariate patterns of connectivity at the level of Intrinsic Connectivity Networks (ICNs), nodes, and hubs significantly predicted group membership in held-out data. Fronto-parietal connector hubs were under-connected in all groups relative to a comparison sample, and children with hot vs cool executive function difficulties were distinguished by connectivity in ICNs associated with cognitive control, emotion processing, and social cognition. This demonstrates both general and specific neurodevelopmental risk factors in the functional connectome.