bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge-colored directed subgraph enumeration on the connectome
Authors: Matejek Brian , Wei Donglai , Chen Tianyi , Tsourakakis Charalampos E. , Mitzenmacher Michael , Pfister Hanspeter
Published: July 2022

Following significant advances in image acquisition, synapse detection, and neuronal segmentation in connectomics, researchers have extracted an increasingly diverse set of wiring diagrams from brain tissue. Neuroscientists frequently represent these wiring diagrams as graphs with nodes corresponding to a single neuron and edges indicating synaptic connectivity. The edges can contain “colors” or “labels”, indicating excitatory versus inhibitory connections, among other things. By representing the wiring diagram as a graph, we can begin to identify motifs, the frequently occurring subgraphs that correspond to specific biological functions. Most analyses on these wiring diagrams have focused on hypothesized motifs—those we expect to find. However, one of the goals of connectomics is to identify biologically-significant motifs that we did not previously hypothesize. To identify these structures, we need large-scale subgraph enumeration to find the frequencies of all unique motifs. Exact subgraph enumeration is a computationally expensive task, particularly in the edge-dense wiring diagrams. Furthermore, most existing methods do not differentiate between types of edges which can significantly affect the function of a motif. We propose a parallel, general-purpose subgraph enumeration strategy to count motifs in the connectome. Next, we introduce a divide-and-conquer community-based subgraph enumeration strategy that allows for enumeration per brain region. Lastly, we allow for differentiation of edges by types to better reflect the underlying biological properties of the graph. We demonstrate our results on eleven connectomes and publish for future analyses extensive overviews for the 26 trillion subgraphs enumerated that required approximately 9.25 years of computation time.
A novel Cuproptosis-related LncRNA signature to predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Genhao , Sun Jianping , Zhang Xianwei
Published: July 2022

Increased intracellular toxicity due to an imbalance in copper homeostasis caused by copper ion accumulation could regulate the rate of cancer cell growth and proliferation. The goal of this study was to create a novel Cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature that may be utilized to predict survival and immunotherapy in HCC patients. Cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs and differentially expressed lncRNAs between HCC tumor tissue and normal tissue were discovered first. By LASSO-Cox analysis, the overlapping lncRNAs were then utilized to build a Cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature, which might be used to predict patient prognosis and responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Differences in the infiltration of immune cell subpopulations between high and low-risk score subgroups were also analyzed. Moreover, a nomogram based on the Cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature and clinical features was developed and demonstrated to have good predictive potential. Finally, qRT-PCR was performed in HerpG2 and MHCC-97H cell lines to explore whether these lncRNAs were indeed involved in the process of Cuproptosis. In summary, we created a prognostic lncRNA profile linked to Cuproptosis to forecast response to immunotherapy, which may provide a new potential non-apoptotic therapeutic perspective for HCC patients.
Positive effects of bubbles as a feeding predictor on behaviour of farmed rainbow trout
Authors: Kleiber Aude , Le-Calvez Jean-Michel , Kerneis Thierry , Batard Axel , Goardon Lionel , Labbé Laurent , Brunet Valentin , Ferreira Vitor Hugo Bessa , Guesdon Vanessa , Calandreau Ludovic , Colson Violaine
Published: July 2022

Occupational enrichment emerges as a promising strategy for improving the welfare of farmed animals. This form of enrichment aims to stimulate cognitive abilities of animals by providing them with more opportunities to interact with and control their environment. Predictability of salient daily events, and in particular predictability of feeding, is currently one of the most studied occupational enrichment strategies and can take several forms. In fish, while temporal predictability of feeding has been widely investigated, signalled predictability (based on a signal, such as light or sound) has received little attention. Depending on the type of predictability used and the ecology of the species, the effects on fish welfare often differ. The present study aimed to determine which feeding predictability would be most appropriate for rainbow trout, the main continental farmed fish in Europe, and what the consequences might be for their welfare. We tested four feeding predictability conditions: temporal (based on time of day), signalled (based on bubble diffusion), temporal + signalled (based on time and bubble diffusion), and unpredictable (random feeding times). Behavioural and zootechnical outcomes recorded were swimming activity, aggressive behaviours, burst of accelerations, and jumps, emotional reactivity, and growth. Our results showed that rainbow trout can predict daily feedings relying on time and/or bubbles as predictors as early as two weeks of conditioning, as evidenced by their increased swimming activity before feeding or during feed omission tests, which allowed to reinforce their conditioned response. Temporal predictability alone resulted in an increase in pre-feeding aggressive behaviours, burst of accelerations, and jumps, suggesting that the use of time as the sole predictor of feedings in husbandry practices may be detrimental to fish welfare. Signalled predictability with bubbles alone resulted in fewer pre-feeding agonistic behaviours, burst of accelerations, and jumps than in the temporal predictability condition. The combination of temporal and signalled predictability elicited the highest conditioned response and the level of pre-feeding aggression behaviours, burst of accelerations and jumps tended to be lower than for temporal predictability alone. Interestingly, fish swimming activity during bubble diffusion also revealed that bubbles were highly attractive regardless of the condition. Rainbow trout growth and emotional reactivity were not affected by the predictability condition. We conclude, therefore, that the use of bubbles as a feeding predictor could represent an interesting approach to improve rainbow trout welfare in farms, by acting as both an occupational and physical enrichment.
Meeting 24-h movement guidelines and markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin America countries: the ELANS study
Authors: Ferrari Gerson , Cristi-Montero Carlos , Drenowatz Clemens , Kovalskys Irina , Gómez Georgina , Rigotti Attilio , Cortés Lilia Yadira , Yépez García Martha , Liria-Domínguez Maria Reyna , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Peralta Miguel , Marques Adilson , Marconcin Priscila , da Costa Roberto Fernandes , Leme Ana Carolina B. , Farías-Valenzuela Claudio , Ferrero-Hernández Paloma , Fisberg Mauro
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to compare compliance with 24-h movement guidelines across countries and examine the associations with markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 2338 adults aged 18–65 years. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data were objectively measured using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Body mass index and waist circumference were assessed as markers of adiposity. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA; ≤ 8 h/day of SB; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. The number of guidelines being met was 0.90 (95% CI 0.86, 0.93) with higher value in men than women. We found differences between countries. Meeting two and three movement guidelines was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.97 and OR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51, 0.85, respectively) and high waist circumference (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.62, 0.96). Meeting MVPA and SB recommendations were related to reduced adiposity markers but only in men. Future research is needed to gain insights into the directionality of the associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and markers of adiposity but also the mechanisms underlying explaining differences between men and women.
Effect of the combination of biological, chemical control and agronomic technique in integrated management pea root rot and its productivity
Authors: Nazir Nargis , Badri Zaffar Afroz , Bhat Nazir Ahmad , Bhat Farooq Ahmad , Sultan Phalisteen , Bhat Tashooq Ahmad , Rather Mohd Ashraf , Sakina Aafreen
Published: July 2022

Root rot of pea caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the important diseases of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The causal fungus of the disease isolated from naturally infected pea plants was identified as Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Jones). Evaluation of four bio agents and nine fungicides was done in vitro against Fusarium solani. Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective bio agent in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani by (82.62%). Carbendazim 50 WP was the most effective fungicide in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani by (91.06%). Carbendazim at the rate of 0.1% and T. harzianum at concentration of 109 cfu when used as seed treatment under field conditions were evaluated along with three planting techniques v.i.z, raised beds, ridges and flat beds. It was found that Carbendazim at the rate of 0.1% when given as seed treatment in raised beds exhibited the lowest disease incidence (10.97%), intensity (2.89%) and the maximum pod yield (89.63 q ha−1) as compared to control.
Heat stress mitigation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) through foliar application of gibberellic acid
Authors: Guo Tianxin , Gull Shaista , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Yousef Ahmed Fathy , Ercisli Sezai , Kalaji Hazem M. , Telesiński Arkadiusz , Auriga Alicja , Wróbel Jacek , Radwan Nagy S. , Ghareeb Rehab Y.
Published: July 2022

Phytohormones mediate physiological, morphological, and enzymatic responses and are important regulators of plant growth and development at different stages. Even though temperature is one of the most important abiotic stressors for plant development and production, a spike in the temperature may have disastrous repercussions for crop performance. Physiology and growth of two tomato genotypes ('Ahmar' and 'Roma') were studied in two growth chambers (25 and 45 °C) when gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied exogenously. After the 45 days of planting, tomato plants were sprayed with GA3 at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1, whereas untreated plants were kept as control. Under both temperature conditions, shoot and root biomass was greatest in 'Roma' plants receiving 75 mg L−1 GA3, followed by 50 mg L−1 GA3. Maximum CO2 index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and greenness index were recorded in 'Roma' plants cultivated at 25 °C, demonstrating good effects of GA3 on tomato physiology. Likewise, GA3 enhanced the proline, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in the leaves of both genotypes at both temperatures. Foliar-sprayed GA3 up to 100 mg L−1 alleviated the oxidative stress, as inferred from the lower concentrations of MDA and H2O2, and boosted the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase. The difference between control and GA3-treated heat-stressed plants suggests that GA3 may have a function in mitigating heat stress. Overall, our findings indicate that 75 mg L−1 of GA3 is the optimal dosage to reduce heat stress in tomatoes and improve their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics.
Applying logistic LASSO regression for the diagnosis of atypical Crohn's disease
Authors: Li Ying , Lu Fanggen , Yin Yani
Published: July 2022

In countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, the typical clinical features of Crohn's disease (CD) may be covered up after tuberculosis infection, and the identification of atypical Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is still a dilemma for clinicians. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression has been applied to select variables in disease diagnosis. However, its value in discriminating ITB and atypical Crohn's disease remains unknown. A total of 400 patients were enrolled from January 2014 to January 2019 in second Xiangya hospital Central South University.Among them, 57 indicators including clinical manifestations, laboratory results, endoscopic findings, computed tomography enterography features were collected for further analysis. R software version 3.6.1 (glmnet package) was used to perform the LASSO logistic regression analysis. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. In the variable selection step, LASSO regression and Pearson chi-square test were applied to select the most valuable variables as candidates for further logistic regression analysis. Secondly, variables identified from step 1 were applied to construct binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on these models to assess the ability and the optimal cutoff value for diagnosis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy rate, together with their 95% confidence and intervals (CIs) were calculated. MedCalc software (Version 16.8) was applied to analyze the ROC curves of models. 332 patients were eventually enrolled to build a binary logistic regression model to discriminate CD (including comprehensive CD and tuberculosis infected CD) and ITB. However, we did not get a satisfactory diagnostic value via applying the binary logistic regression model of comprehensive CD and ITB to predict tuberculosis infected CD and ITB (accuracy rate:79.2%VS 65.1%). Therefore, we further established a binary logistic regression model to discriminate atypical CD from ITB, based on Pearsonchi-square test (model1) and LASSO regression (model 2). Model 1 showed 89.9% specificity, 65.9% sensitivity, 88.5% PPV, 68.9% NPV, 76.9% diagnostic accuracy, and an AUC value of 0.811, and model 2 showed 80.6% specificity, 84.4% sensitivity, 82.3% PPV, 82.9% NPV, 82.6% diagnostic accuracy, and an AUC value of 0.887. The comparison of AUCs between model1 and model2 was statistically different (P < 0.05). Tuberculosis infection increases the difficulty of discriminating CD from ITB. LASSO regression showed a more efficient ability than Pearson chi-square test based logistic regression on differential diagnosing atypical CD and ITB.
Gastric hydrodistension CT versus CT without gastric distension in preoperative TN staging of gastric carcinoma: analysis of single-center cancer registry
Authors: Lee Yu-Hsien , Chan Wen-Hui , Lai Ying-Chieh , Chen An-Hsin , Chen Chien-Ming
Published: July 2022

Accurate staging of gastric cancer is essential for the selection and optimization of therapy. Hydrodistension of the stomach is recommended to improve the accuracy of preoperative staging with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). This study compares the performance of contrast-enhanced gastric water distension versus a nondistension MDCT protocol for T and N staging and serosal invasion in comparison to surgical histopathology. After propensity score matching, 86 patients in each group were included for analysis. The overall accuracy of distension versus nondistension group in T staging was 45% (95% CI 35–56) and 55% (95% CI 44–65), respectively (p = 0.29). There was no difference in the sensitivity and specificity in individual T staging and assessment of serosal invasion (all p > 0.41). Individual stage concordance with pathology was not significantly different (all p > 0.41). The overall accuracy of N staging was the same for distension and nondistension groups (51% [95% CI 40–62]). The majority of N0 staging (78–81%) were correctly staged, whereas N3 staging cases (63–68%) were predominantly understaged. In summary, there was no significant difference in the diagnostic performance of individual TN staging and assessment of serosal invasion using MDCT with or without gastric water distension.
Study on thermal insulation and seismic effect for fault-crossing tunnel in high geothermal area
Authors: Cui Guangyao , Shi Wenhao
Published: July 2022

The fault-crossing tunnel in high geothermal areas can be severely damaged under strong earthquake. In this paper, numerical models were established in Flac3d to investigate the thermal insulation and seismic effects under the strong earthquake when using highly damped composite structure. The results showed that the thermal insulation effect of the PC, the PC highly damped composite structure and the SFRC highly damped composite structure were almost the same, which the PC highly damped composite structure was slightly better. After applying the highly damped composite structure, the maximum and minimum principal stresses on the lining decreased, it showed that highly damped composite structure could enhance the seismic effect of tunnel. The safety factor of SFRC highly damped composite structure was 2.420, which was a 28.14% increase compared to PC. Based on numerical simulations, the thermal insulation and seismic effect of SFRC highly damped composite structure was better than other seismic measures. The research can provide a reference for the design of thermal insulation and anti-earthquake for fault-crossing tunnel under strong earthquake in high geothermal area.
A computational model based on corticospinal functional MRI revealed asymmetrically organized motor corticospinal networks in humans
Authors: Takasawa Eiji , Abe Mitsunari , Chikuda Hirotaka , Hanakawa Takashi
Published: July 2022

Evolution of the direct, monosynaptic connection from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord parallels acquisition of hand dexterity and lateralization of hand preference. In non-human mammals, the indirect, multi-synaptic connections between the bilateral primary motor cortices and the spinal cord also participates in controlling dexterous hand movement. However, it remains unknown how the direct and indirect corticospinal pathways work in concert to control unilateral hand movement with lateralized preference in humans. Here we demonstrated the asymmetric functional organization of the two corticospinal networks, by combining network modelling and simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques of the brain and the spinal cord. Moreover, we also found that the degree of the involvement of the two corticospinal networks paralleled lateralization of hand preference. The present results pointed to the functionally lateralized motor nervous system that underlies the behavioral asymmetry of handedness in humans.
A meta-review of psychological resilience during COVID-19
Authors: Seaborn Katie , Henderson Kailyn , Gwizdka Jacek , Chignell Mark
Published: July 2022

Psychological resilience has emerged as a key factor in mental health during the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, no work to date has synthesised findings across review work or assessed the reliability of findings based on review work quality, so as to inform public health policy. We thus conducted a meta-review on all types of review work from the start of the pandemic (January 2020) until the last search date (June 2021). Of an initial 281 papers, 30 were included for review characteristic reporting and 15 were of sufficient review quality for further inclusion in strategy analyses. High-level strategies were identified at the individual, community, organisational, and governmental levels. Several specific training and/or intervention programmes were also identified. However, the quality of findings was insufficient for drawing conclusions. A major gap between measuring the psychological resilience of populations and evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for those populations was revealed. More empirical work, especially randomised controlled trials with diverse populations and rigorous analyses, is strongly recommended for future research.
Two electrolyte decomposition pathways at nickel-rich cathode surfaces in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Rinkel Bernardine L. D. , Vivek J. Padmanabhan , Garcia-Araez Nuria , Grey Clare P.
Published: July 2022

NMR and operando gas measurements show that at low potentials, EC is dehydrogenated to VC, whereas at high potentials, EC is chemically oxidised to CO2, CO and H2O, where the water that is formed induces secondary decomposition reactions.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on glucose metabolism in pregnant women without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Hu Xiaoqiang , Wang Ying , He Chuncao , Yu Jingjing , Fang Xuexian , Zhang Yan , Xu Xianrong , Yang Jun
Published: July 2022

The preventive effects of probiotic supplementation against gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women remain unclear.
ZnO@CuO hollow nanosphere-based composites used for the sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide with long-term stability
Authors: Tang Yi , Huang Ying , Zou Hao-Yun , Wu Ling , Xiao Zhong-Liang , Zeng Ju-Lan , Sun Li-Xian , Yu Donghong , Cao Zhong
Published: July 2022

ZnO@CuO hollow nanospheres (330 nm in diameter) were successfully synthesized and used for long-term monitoring of H2S gas in a farm using Alibaba's cloud remote transmission system.
Origins of regioselectivity in Ni-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes via ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer mechanism
Authors: Gao Han , Hu Lingfei , Hu Yanlei , Lv Xiangying , Wu Yan-Bo , Lu Gang
Published: July 2022

Energy decomposition analysis reveals that the regioselectivities of Ni-catalyzed LLHT with aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkenes are controlled by charge transfer and Pauli repulsion, respectively.
Total synthesis of (−)-panduratin D
Authors: Bavikar Suhas Ravindra , Lo Hong-Jay , Sai Pavan Kumar Chebolu Naga Sesha , Chein Rong-Jie
Published: July 2022

Herein, an enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-panduratin D, a novel secondary metabolite against human pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cell, from commercially available 3-methoxyphenol is reported.
A Wadsley–Roth crystallographic shear phase SrNb6O16 anode for fast Li-ion storage
Authors: Zhu Haojie , Peng Lu , Shu Jie , Yang Cheng
Published: July 2022

Wadsley–Roth phase SrNb6O16 with large-sized tunnels is explored as the first strontium niobium oxide anode material for fast Li+ storage.
Solvent-free Zn (NSNO) complex-catalysed dihydroboration of nitriles
Authors: Ataie Saeed , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Tom Baker R.
Published: July 2022

A zinc complex uses its aryloxide (vs. amido) donor to generate a Zn–H catalyst that effects quantitative, solvent-free hydroboration of nitriles to the corresponding diborylamines at 1 mol% catalyst loading.
Structural phase stabilization via Ba site doping with bivalent Sr, Ca and Zn ions and Fe site doping with trivalent Cr and Ga ions in the BaFe12O19 hexaferrite and its magnetic modification
Authors: Kishor Gara , Bhowmik R. N. , Sinha A. K.
Published: July 2022

Lattice structure, chemical state and magnetic properties in metal doped barium hexaferrite.
A temperature programmed desorption study of interactions between water and hydrophobes at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Souda Ryutaro , Nagao Tadaaki
Published: July 2022

Interactions of water with D2, Ne, Ar, CH4, C3H8, and Xe were investigated based on TPD to gain insight into hydrophobic hydration at cryogenic temperatures.
Giant tunable Rashba spin splitting in two-dimensional polar perovskites TlSnX3 (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Jin Yuming , Li Jia , Wang Guang , Zhang Qian , Liu Ze , Mao Xiujuan
Published: July 2022

There is a strong intrinsic Rashba effect near the Γ point when spin–orbit coupling is considered. The Rashba constants α of TlSnX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) are linearly related to the external electric field. We design a spin FET based on 2D polar perovskite TlSnX3 (X = Cl, Br, I).
Operator-independent high-throughput polymerization screening based on automated inline NMR and online SEC
Authors: Van Herck Joren , Abeysekera Iyomali , Buckinx Axel-Laurenz , Cai Kewei , Hooker Jordan , Thakur Kirti , Van de Reydt Emma , Voorter Pieter-Jan , Wyers Dries , Junkers Tanja
Published: July 2022

Automated continuous flow is used as high-throughput method with high accuracy.
Multiple CO2reduction mediated by heteronuclear metal carbide cluster anions RhTaC2−
Authors: He Xing-Yue , Liu Yun-Zhu , Wang Si-Dun , Lan Xingwang , Li Xiao-Na , He Sheng-Gui
Published: July 2022

A RhTaC2−cluster can reduce four CO2molecules consecutively. The pivotal roles of Rh–Ta synergy and the C2ligand in driving CO2reduction were rationalized. A fundamental strategy to alleviate carbon deposition in the CO2atmosphere was provided.
Flexible and transparent electrodes imprinted from metal nanostructures: morphology and opto-electronic performance
Authors: Engel Lukas F. , González-García Lola , Kraus Tobias
Published: July 2022

Plasma sintering particle-based Au grids yields conductors with Au shell and hybrid core. Defects that dominate the performance change with particle concentration and type. Wires are less prone to disruptive defects and thus outperform spheres.
Construction of a ternary MoO2/Ni/C hybrid towards lithium-ion batteries as a high-performance electrode
Authors: Shen Jian , Duan Guangbin , Guo Xi , Yang Guangxu , Li Li , Cao Bingqiang
Published: July 2022

The high lithium storage performance of 3D flower-like MoO2/Ni/C through a temperature annealing strategy is benefitted from the high capacitive contribution, high electrical conductivity, and good structural stability.
Thick-junction perovskite X-ray detectors: processing and optoelectronic considerations
Authors: Peng Jiali , Xu Yalun , Yao Fang , Lin Qianqian
Published: July 2022

This review summarizes the processing techniques and optoelectronic design of the perovskite thick-junctions and X-ray detectors, and also points out the key challenges and opportunities, which are promising to explore.
In vitroandex vivonano-enabled immunomodulation by the protein corona
Authors: Giulimondi Francesca , Digiacomo Luca , Vulpis Elisabetta , Loconte Luisa , Ferri Gianmarco , Cardarelli Francesco , Pozzi Daniela , Zingoni Alessandra , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: July 2022

New technologies with the capacity to tune immune system activity are highly desired in clinical practice and disease management.
Laminar flow-assisted synthesis of amorphous ZIF-8-based nano-motor with enhanced transmigration for photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Kaang Byung Kwon , Ha Laura , Joo Jeong-Un , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: July 2022

Herein, we report a newly designed urease-powered nano-motor (Pdop@enzyme@aZIF-8) with enhanced movement speeds and long-term enzyme protection for bladder cancer-targeted cancer therapy.
Evaluation of functional layers thinning of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells after long term operation
Authors: Vega Paredes Miquel , Garzón Manjón Alba , Hill Bjoern , Schwarz Torsten , Rivas Nicolas A. , Jurzinsky Tilman , Hengge Katharina , Mack Florian , Scheu Christina
Published: July 2022

The operation related degradation processes of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell after long term operation (12 000 h) with hydrogen-rich reformate gas are studied.
Photocatalytic difluoromethylarylation of unactivated alkenes via a (hetero)aryl neophyl-like radical migration
Authors: Lei Ziran , Wei Siqi , Zhou Liejin , Zhang Zuxiao , Lopez Simon E. , Dolbier William R.
Published: July 2022

Photoredox-catalyzed addition of the difluororadical to unactivated alkenes has been found to trigger neophyl-like aryl and heteroaryl migrations which allowed the construction of a diverse series of difluoromethyl ketones.
A general approach to S-rhodamines from diaryl thioethers and their application in constructing pH probes
Authors: Sun Dongsheng , Yang Shixu , Ma Junxia , Liu Can , Sun Jiabing , Li Yulong , Deng Fei
Published: July 2022

A general strategy for the efficient preparation of S-rhodamines from the condensation of diaryl thioether and 2-carboxybenzaldehydes.
Reinforcement of ultrahigh thermoresistant polybenzimidazole films by hard craters
Authors: Zhou Jiabei , Zhong Xianzhu , Nag Aniruddha , Liu Yang , Takada Kenji , Kaneko Tatsuo
Published: July 2022

Ultrahigh thermoresistant polybenzimidazole films with uniform pores and hard craters on the surface were prepared by a silica template method. The pore and crater formation enhanced elongation and Young's modulus.
Tandem ZnCo-porphyrin metal–organic frameworks for enhanced photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Chen Xuyang , Cong Meiyu , Tang Ming , Liu Jinxuan , Chen Shaoyun , Gao Yan
Published: July 2022

A bimetallic ZnCo-porphyrin metal–organic framework (ZnCo-BMOF) nanosheet comprised of photosensitizers (Zn porphyrin) and catalysts (Co porphyrin) was developed for efficient photoreduction of CO2 to CO.
A sustainable porous composite material based on loofah-halloysite for gas adsorption and drug delivery
Authors: Patamia Vincenzo , Fiorenza Roberto , Brullo Ilaria , Zambito Marsala Massimo , Balsamo Stefano Andrea , Distefano Alfio , Furneri Pio Maria , Barbera Vincenzina , Scirè Salvatore , Rescifina Antonio
Published: July 2022

We present a quick and straightforward synthesis of a composite from inexpensive materials like loofah and halloysite. New biomaterial showed exceptional carbon dioxide adsorption and release capabilities and good potential for resveratrol delivery.
Enhancing CO2 electroreduction to CH4 over Cu nanoparticles supported on N-doped carbon
Authors: Wu Yahui , Chen Chunjun , Yan Xupeng , Wu Ruizhi , Liu Shoujie , Ma Jun , Zhang Jianling , Liu Zhimin , Xing Xueqing , Wu Zhonghua , Han Buxing
Published: July 2022

The pyrrolic N in Cu-np/NC composites can enhance the activation of H2O, resulting in excellent selectivity for CH4 and high current density.
An electrochemical modification strategy to fabricate NiFeCuPt polymetallic carbon matrices on nickel foam as stable electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Li Yiduo , Zhang Zhe , Zheng He , Liu Yuxin , Yan Yuxing , Li Chunguang , Lu Haiyan , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: July 2022

Multiple metal elements immobilized into a carbon matrix to fabricate an ultra-stable water splitting electrocatalyst by one-step electrochemical modification.
Gain of function of a metalloproteinase associated with multiple myeloma, bicuspid aortic valve, and Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome
Authors: Snipas Scott J. , Jappelli Roberto , Torkamani Ali , Paternostro Giovanni , Salvesen Guy S.
Published: July 2022

A patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma, bicuspid aortic valve, and Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome underwent whole-exome sequencing seeking a unified genetic cause for these three pathologies. The patient possessed a single-point mutation of arginine to cysteine (R24C) in the N-terminal region(pro-domain) of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). The pro-domain interacts with the catalytic site of this enzyme rendering it inactive. MMP-9 has previously been associated with all three pathologies suffered by the patient. We hypothesized that the observed mutation in the pro-domain would influence the activity of this enzyme. We expressed recombinant versions of MMP-9 and an investigation of their biochemical properties revealed that MMP-9 R24C is a constitutively active zymogen. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a mutation that discloses catalytic activity in the pro-form in any of the 24 human MMPs.
Output tracking control of non‐minimum phase systems using on‐line output redefinition approach based on barrier function method
Authors: Jahangiri Fatemeh , Yadegar Meysam
Published: July 2022

This paper considers the output tracking problem of non‐minimum phase non‐linear systems using the inverse dynamics control which is impossible in conventional methods due to unstable zero dynamics. The proposed method is based on the output redefinition approach defined as a parametric function. The tracking error is decomposed into two terms. The first one named redefined output tracking error is the difference between the redefined output and the reference signal, and the second one is the distance between the redefined output and the system output. For the first term, due to minimum phase property of the system with the redefined output, an inverse dynamics control is used to guarantee the convergence of the redefined output tracking error to zero. To minimize the second term, the parameters of the redefined output are set by solving an optimization problem whose constraints include minimum phase conditions. To solve the optimization problem which satisfies all constraints, the barrier function method as an interior point method is adopted. The optimization parameters are set using steepest descent algorithm. Due to on‐line updating the redefined output parameters, the related zero dynamics is time varying. Therefore, sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the resulting time‐varying zero dynamics are obtained.
Adaptive fuzzy finite‐time fault‐tolerant control design for non‐linear systems under sensor faults
Authors: You Guodong , Xu Bin , Cao Yang , Hou Xiaoxin , Zhao Shuangle , Liao Wei
Published: July 2022

In this article, an adaptive fuzzy finite‐time fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme for uncertain non‐linear systems under sensor faults is proposed. Compared with the existing methods, the considered system contains unknown time‐varying fault parameters, uncertain non‐linear functions, and can guarantee the performance of the system in finite time. The coupling between fault parameters and actual states is solved by the fault parameters separation method. The fuzzy logic system (FLS) is used to approximate the unknown functions, and combining the backstepping technology an adaptive fault‐tolerant controller is designed. The finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. At last, the numerical simulation and the real physical system simulation verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Optimal operation and sizing of pumped thermal energy storage for net benefits maximization
Authors: Perez Matthew , Fan Rui , Wu Di
Published: July 2022

Current trends in the modern grid are leading to the development and deployment of energy storage to help integrate increasing variable renewable energy sources into the grid. This paper studies a pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) system for multiple grid services including energy arbitrage, frequency regulation, spinning and non‐spinning reserve, and resource adequacy. Optimal dispatch methods are proposed for individual services as well as value stacking from multiple services to maximize the economic benefits. Assessment results demonstrate the superiority of value stacking. Specifically, the study shows the maximum revenue from an individual grid service with a 30‐MWh PTES system was $522,520, while the value stacking could increase the benefits to $678,477. In addition, sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the cost‐effectiveness of a PTES system with different combinations of power transfer limits and energy capacity. It was found that the power transfer limit had a greater impact than the energy capacity on the benefits. The proposed method could help determine the optimal duration of a future PTES system.
Managing power imbalance with cloud energy storage in imbalance band market environment
Authors: Baik Se Hoon , Yoon Yong Tae , Jin Young Gyu , Moon Hee Seung , Kim Seung Wan
Published: July 2022

Imbalance band market is an alternative to traditional market structures which is proposed to ensure that system frequency remains within acceptable bounds. In an imbalance band market environment, the load‐serving entities (LSEs) can purchase bands or reduce the load deviation by operating a battery energy storage system (BESS) to avoid the penalty for causing imbalance. The market concept would be effective in sharing balancing responsibility between a system operator (SO) and load‐serving entities. In this study, the authors proposed a planning framework for a load serving entity (LSE) considering cloud energy storage (CES) business as a useful resource in the imbalance band market environment. The term of cloud energy storage is used as a platform that the operator owns and operates the storage, while subscribed clients pay a service fee for requesting charging and discharging operations. The simulation results show that operating cloud energy storage business is economically rational strategy for the LSE. The authors verified that a LSE operating the cloud energy storage business under an imbalance band market environment to pursue its own benefit better performs a part of the balance‐maintaining obligation of the SO compared with a LSE not operating the cloud energy storage business.
Content‐augmented feature pyramid network with light linear spatial transformers for object detection
Authors: Gu Yongxiang , Qin Xiaolin , Peng Yuncong , Li Lu
Published: July 2022

As one of the prevalent components, feature pyramid network (FPN) is widely used in current object detection models for improving multi‐scale object detection performance. However, its feature fusion mode is still in a misaligned and local manner, thus limiting the representation power. To address the inherited defects of FPN, a novel architecture termed content‐augmented feature pyramid network (CA‐FPN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a global content extraction module (GCEM) is proposed to extract multi‐scale context information. Secondly, lightweight linear spatial Transformer connections are added in the top‐down pathway to augment each feature map with multi‐scale features, where a linearized approximate self‐attention function is designed for reducing model complexity. By means of the self‐attention mechanism in Transformer, it is no longer needed to align feature maps during feature fusion, thus solving the misaligned defect. By setting the query scope to the entire feature map, the local defect can also be solved. Extensive experiments on COCO and PASCAL VOC datasets demonstrated that the CA‐FPN outperforms other FPN‐based detectors without bells and whistles and is robust in different settings.
PharmaChain: A blockchain to ensure counterfeit‐free pharmaceutical supply chain
Authors: Bapatla Anand K. , Mohanty Saraju P. , Kougianos Elias , Puthal Deepak , Bapatla Anusha
Published: July 2022

Globalisation has facilitated different industries to eliminate geographical boundaries and equipped organisations to work collectively to produce goods. Pharmaceuticals is one such industry which has majorly benefited from globalisation to reduce costs and increase profitability at different aspects of research, development, manufacturing of drugs and finally distribution of drugs. Globalisation not only reduces costs and increases profits for the industry, it also makes essential medication available to all individuals even at remote areas of undeveloped, developing and developed countries. As the number of entities or participants grew in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC), the complexity and abstractness of the drug delivery from manufacturer to consumer has increased, which raised new concerns like counterfeit medication, incorrect, incomplete or no information about the drug reaching the consumer thus undermining customer confidence and most importantly distribution delays which can cause serious impact on the life of the consumer as well as business growth. Considering all these challenges, there is a dire need for a robust PSC which can eliminate blind parties and provide a transparent chain. A transparent PSC will eliminate data fragmentation between different participating entities by creating a trail of secure, single source of truth for the entire life cycle of a medicine, thereby eliminating the introduction of counterfeits and ensuring the consumer safety. This article proposes a novel Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based transparent supply chain for PSC and proof‐of‐concept is implemented to analyse the scalability and efficiency of the proposed architecture. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is one of the technologies which can provide such transparent PSC and Smart Contracts (SC) are the most commonly used component in such systems to implement business logic and access control mechanisms. The proposed PharmaChain model investigates all the interactions between the main entities in PSC and also addresses smart contract issues such as re‐entrance, randomness and lacking trustworthy data feed. Results are compared with other proposed solutions for PSC based on DLT.
Externally gapped line arrester performance in high voltage transmission line using frequency grounding system: Absorbed energy and expected life assessment
Authors: Khodsuz Masume
Published: July 2022

Service unavailability of transmission lines, due to the direct and indirect lightning strikes, is evaluated as a challenging issue within electric companies. The lightning event can produce dangerous overvoltage, equipment failures, and power supply interruptions. Here, externally gapped line arresters (EGLAs) performances installed on a 63 kV transmission line are modelled using EMTP‐ATP to investigate their capability to withstand current and energy discharged by lightning strokes during back flashover phenomena. Frequency behaviour of the grounding system impedance, first and subsequent lightning current parameters effects on insulators back flashover and lightning flashover failure rate have been considered by Monte‐Carlo method. Then, extensive analysis has been carried out to study the absorbed energy of the EGLA and its expected life. The results show the dependency of failure rate and the EGLA expected life on the soil resistivity and lightning strike parameters. The selected EGLA must be provided sufficient lightning protection to the transmission line based on its absorbed energy capability, the soil and lightning parameters and be complied with the discharge energy capability requirement specified by the utility company.
Cosmic rays and thermal instability in self-regulating cooling flows of massive galaxy clusters
Authors: Beckmann Ricarda S. , Dubois Yohan , Pellissier Alisson , Olivares Valeria , Polles Fiorella L. , Hahn Oliver , Guillard Pierre , Lehnert Matthew D.
Published: July 2022

One of the key physical processes that helps prevent strong cooling flows in galaxy clusters is the continued energy input from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the cluster. However, it remains unclear how this energy is thermalised so that it can effectively prevent global thermal instability. One possible option is that a fraction of the AGN energy is converted into cosmic rays (CRs), which provide non-thermal pressure support, and can retain energy even as thermal energy is radiated away. By means of magneto-hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate how CR injected by the AGN jet influence cooling flows of a massive galaxy cluster. We conclude that converting a fraction of the AGN luminosity as low as 10% into CR energy prevents cooling flows on timescales of billion years, without significant changes in the structure of the multi-phase intra-cluster medium. CR-dominated jets, by contrast, lead to the formation of an extended, warm central nebula that is supported by CR pressure. We report that the presence of CRs is not able to suppress the onset of thermal instability in massive galaxy clusters, but CR-dominated jets do significantly change the continued evolution of gas as it continues to cool from isobaric to isochoric. The CR redistribution in the cluster is dominated by advection rather than diffusion or streaming, but the heating by CR streaming helps maintain gas in the hot and warm phase. Observationally, self-regulating, CR-dominated jets produce a γ-ray flux in excess of current observational limits, but low CR fractions in the jet are not ruled out.
The WISSH quasars project
Authors: Vietri G. , Misawa T. , Piconcelli E. , Franzetti P. , Luminari A. , Travascio A. , Bischetti M. , Bisogni S. , Bongiorno A. , Bruni G. , Feruglio C. , Giunta A. , Nicastro F. , Saccheo I. , Testa V. , Tombesi F. , Vignali C. , Zappacosta L. , Fiore F.
Published: July 2022

We report on the variability of a multi-component broad absorption line (BAL) system observed in the hyper-luminous quasar J1538+0855 at z = 3.6. Observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Very Large Telescope (VLT), Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), and Subaru telescope taken at five different epochs, spanning 17 yr in the observed frame, are presented. We detect three (A, B, and C) CIV variable troughs exhibiting extreme velocities (∼40 000–54 000 km s−1) similar to the ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) typically observed in the X-ray spectra. The A component of the BAL UFO (vufo ∼ 0.17c) shows strength variations, while B (vufo ∼ 0.15c) and C (vufo ∼ 0.13c) components show changes both in shape and strength, appearing and disappearing at different epochs. In addition, during the last observation on June 2021, the entire BAL system disappeared. The variability trends observed during the first two epochs (1.30 yr rest frame) in the CIV, SiIV, OVI, and NV absorption spectral regions are the same for B and C troughs, while the A component of the BAL varies independently. This suggests a change in the ionization state of the absorbing gas for B and C components and tangential motion for the A component, as the cause of this temporal behaviour. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an upper limit for distance of the gas responsible for the A component of RoutA ≤ 58 pc and, in turn, a kinetic power of ĖK,ufo ≤ 1.37 × 1045 erg s−1. We also obtain RoutB,C ≤ 1.9 kpc for B and C components, which implies an upper limit estimation of ĖK,ufo ≤ 1.94 × 1046 erg s−1 and ĖK,ufo ≤ 1.33 × 1046 erg s−1, respectively. Future spectral monitoring with high-resolution instruments is mandatory to accurately constrain physical properties of the BAL UFO discovered in the UV spectrum of J1538+0855 and investigate its role as a promising mechanism for the origin of the extended (∼75 kpc) CIV nebula surrounding this hyper-luminous quasar.
Impact drag force exerted on a projectile penetrating into a hierarchical granular bed
Authors: Okubo Fumiaki , Katsuragi Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

Context. The impact of a solid object onto a small-body surface can be modeled by the solid impact onto a hierarchically structured granular target.

Aims. We develop an impact drag force model for the hierarchically structured granular target based on the experiment.

Methods. We performed a set of granular impact experiments in which the mechanical strength and porosity of target grains were systematically varied. Tiny glass beads (5 μm in diameter) were agglomerated to form porous grains of 2–4 mm in diameter. Then, the grains were sintered to control their strength. A polyethylene sphere (12.7 mm in diameter) was dropped onto a hierarchical granular target consisting of these porous grains. Motion of the penetrating sphere was captured by a high-speed camera and analyzed.

Results. We find that the impact drag force produced by the hierarchically structured granular target can be modeled by the sum of inertial drag and depth-proportional drag. The depth-proportional drag in a hierarchical granular impact is much greater than that of the usual granular target consisting of rigid grains. The ratio between the grain strength and the impact dynamic pressure is a key dimensionless parameter for characterizing this extraordinary large depth-proportional drag.

Conclusions. Grain fracturing plays an important role in the impact dynamics when the impact dynamic pressure is sufficiently larger than the grain strength. This implies that the effect of grain fracturing should be considered also for the impact on a small body. It may be that the effective strength of the surface grains can be estimated based on kinematic observations of the intrusion or touchdown of a planetary explorator.