bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ankle joint pressure changes in high tibial and distal femoral osteotomies
Authors: Krause F. , Barandun A. , Klammer G. , Zderic I. , Gueorguiev B. , Schmid T.
Published: January 2017

Aims

To assess the effect of high tibial and distal femoral osteotomies (HTO and DFO) on the pressure characteristics of the ankle joint.

Materials and Methods

Varus and valgus malalignment of the knee was simulated in human cadaver full-length legs. Testing included four measurements: baseline malalignment, 5° and 10° re-aligning osteotomy, and control baseline malalignment. For HTO, testing was rerun with the subtalar joint fixed. In order to represent half body weight, a 300 N force was applied onto the femoral head. Intra-articular sensors captured ankle pressure.

Results

In the absence of restriction of subtalar movement, insignificant migration of the centre of force and changes of maximal pressure were seen at the ankle joint. With restricted subtalar motion, more significant lateralisation of the centre of force were seen with the subtalar joint in varus than in valgus position. Changes in maximum pressure were again not significant.

Conclusion

The re-alignment of coronal plane knee deformities by HTO and DFO altered ankle pressure characteristics. When the subtalar joint was fixed in the varus position, migration of centre of force after HTO was more significant than when the subtalar joint was fixed in valgus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:59–65.
Knee joint distraction compared with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: van der Woude J. A. D. , Wiegant K. , van Heerwaarden R. J. , Spruijt S. , Emans P. J. , Mastbergen S. C. , Lafeber F. P. J. G.
Published: January 2017

Aims

Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a relatively new, knee-joint preserving procedure with the goal of delaying total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in young and middle-aged patients. We present a randomised controlled trial comparing the two.

Patients and Methods

The 60 patients ≤ 65 years with end-stage knee osteoarthritis were randomised to either KJD (n = 20) or TKA (n = 40). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, three, six, nine, and 12 months. In the KJD group, the joint space width (JSW) was radiologically assessed, representing a surrogate marker of cartilage thickness.

Results

In total 56 patients completed their allocated treatment (TKA = 36, KJD = 20). All patient reported outcome measures improved significantly over one year (p < 0.02) in both groups. At one year, the TKA group showed a greater improvement in only one of the 16 patient-related outcome measures assessed (p = 0.034). Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-Osteoarthritis Research Society International clinical response was 83% after TKA and 80% after KJD. A total of 12 patients (60%) in the KJD group sustained pin track infections. In the KJD group both mean minimum (0.9 mm, standard deviation (sd) 1.1) and mean JSW (1.2 mm, sd 1.1) increased significantly (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0003).

Conclusion

In relatively young patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis, KJD did not demonstrate inferiority of outcomes at one year when compared with TKA. However, there is a high incidence of pin track infection associated with KJD. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:51–8.
The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot
Authors: Maranho D. A. , Leonardo F. H. L. , Herrero C. F. , Engel E. E. , Volpon J. B. , Nogueira-Barbosa M. H.
Published: January 2017

Aims

Our aim was to describe the mid-term appearances of the repair process of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy in children with a clubfoot treated using the Ponseti method.

Patients and Methods

A total of 15 children (ten boys, five girls) with idiopathic clubfoot were evaluated at a mean of 6.8 years (5.4 to 8.1) after complete percutaneous division of the Achilles tendon. The contour and subjective thickness of the tendon were recorded, and superficial defects and its strength were assessed clinically. The echogenicity, texture, thickness, peritendinous irregularities and potential for deformation of the tendon were evaluated by ultrasonography.

Results

The appearance of the Achilles tendon was slightly abnormal, with more thickening and less conspicuous contours than a normal tendon. Its strength was grossly normal, with no insufficiency of the triceps surae. Ultrasonographic findings revealed a mild fusiform thickening in 12 children (80%). The tissue at the site of the repair had a slightly hypoechoic, fibrillar quality with hyperechoic striation and the anterior contour was irregular and blurred. There was a focal narrowing within the healing tissue in two children.

Conclusion

This mid-term evaluation of the ability of the Achilles tendon to repair after division suggests a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. There were minor abnormalities which did not appear to affect function. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:139–44.
Implant options for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip
Authors: Socci A. R. , Casemyr N. E. , Leslie M. P. , Baumgaertner M. R.
Published: January 2017

Aims

The aim of this paper is to review the evidence relating to the anatomy of the proximal femur, the geometry of the fracture and the characteristics of implants and methods of fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip.

Materials and Methods

Relevant papers were identified from appropriate clinical databases and a narrative review was undertaken.

Results

Stable, unstable, and subtrochanteric intertrochanteric fractures vary widely in their anatomical and biomechanical characteristics, as do the implants used for their fixation. The optimal choice of implant addresses the stability of the fracture and affects the outcome.

Conclusion

The treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip has evolved along with changes in the design of the implants used to fix them, but there remains conflicting evidence to guide the choice of implant. We advocate fixation of 31A1 fractures with a sliding hip screw and all others with an intramedullary device. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:128–33.
The outcome and complications of vascularised fibular grafts
Authors: Houdek M. T. , Bayne C. O. , Bishop A. T. , Shin A. Y.
Published: January 2017

Aims

Free vascularised fibular grafting has been used for the treatment of large bony defects for more than 40 years. However, there is little information about the risk factors for failure and whether newer locking techniques of fixation improve the rates of union. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of union of free fibular grafts fixed with locking and traditional techniques, and to quantify the risk factors for nonunion and failure.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective review involved 134 consecutive procedures over a period of 20 years. Of these, 25 were excluded leaving 109 patients in the study. There were 66 men and 43 women, with a mean age of 33 years (5 to 78). Most (62) were performed for oncological indications, and the most common site (52) was the lower limb. Rate of union was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and risk factors for nonunion were assessed using Cox regression. All patients were followed up for at least one year.

Results

The rate of union was 82% at two years and 97% at five years. Union was achieved after the initial procedure in 76 patients (70%) at a mean of ten months (3 to 19), and overall union was achieved in 99 patients (91%). No surgical factor, including the use of locked fixation or supplementary corticocancellous bone grafts increased the rate of union. A history of smoking was significantly associated with a risk of nonunion.

Discussion

Free vascularised fibular grafting is a successful form of treatment for large bony defects. These results suggest that the use of modern techniques of fixation does not affect the risk of nonunion when compared with traditional forms of fixation, and smoking increases the risk of nonunion following this procedure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:134–8.
The Synergy cementless femoral stem in primary total hip arthroplasty at a minimum follow-up of 15 years
Authors: Martino I. De , Santis V. De , Apolito R. D’ , Sculco P. K. , Cross M. B. , Gasparini G.
Published: January 2017

Aims

We report on the outcome of the Synergy cementless femoral stem with a minimum follow-up of 15 years (15 to 17).

Patients and Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken of a consecutive series of 112 routine primary cementless total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in 102 patients (112 hips). There were 60 female and 42 male patients with a mean age of 61 years (18 to 82) at the time of surgery. A total of 78 hips in the 69 patients remain in situ; nine hips in eight patients died before 15 years, and 16 hips in 16 patients were revised. Clinical outcome scores and radiographs were available for 94 hips in 85 patients.

Results

In all, four stems were revised. One stem was revised for aseptic loosening; two stems because of deep infection; and one because of periprosthetic femoral fracture. There was a significant improvement in all components of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score at the final follow-up (total: p < 0.001, pain: p < 0.001, stiffness: p < 0.001, function: p < 0.001). The mean Harris Hip Scores improved from 47 points (27 to 59) pre-operatively to 89 points (65 to 100) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survivorship, with stem revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, was 98.9% at 15 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 96.9 to 100, number at risk at 15 years: 90) and with stem revision for any reason was 95.7% (95% CI 91.7 to 99.8, number at risk at 15 years: 90).

Conclusion

The Synergy cementless femoral stem demonstrates excellent survivorship and functional outcomes at 15 years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:29–36.
Risk of early mortality after cemented compared with cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Garland A. , Gordon M. , Garellick G. , Kärrholm J. , Sköldenberg O. , Hailer N. P.
Published: January 2017

Aims

It has been suggested that cemented fixation of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with an increased peri-operative mortality compared with cementless THA. Our aim was to investigate this through a nationwide matched cohort study adjusting for age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic background.

Patients and Methods

A total of 178 784 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent either cemented or cementless THA from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register were matched with 862 294 controls from the general population. Information about the causes of death, comorbidities, and socioeconomic background was obtained. Mortality within the first 90 days after the operation was the primary outcome measure.

Results

Patients who underwent cemented THA had an increased risk of death during the first 14 days compared with the controls (hazard ratio (HR) 1.3, confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 1.44), corresponding to an absolute increase in risk of five deaths per 10 000 observations. No such early increase of risk was seen in those who underwent cementless THA. Between days 15 and 29 the risk of mortality was decreased for those with cemented THA (HR 0.7, CI 0.62 to 0.87). Between days 30 and 90 all patients undergoing THA, irrespective of the mode of fixation, had a lower risk of death than controls. Patients selected for cementless fixation were younger, healthier and had a higher level of education and income than those selected for cemented THA. A supplementary analysis of 16 556 hybrid THAs indicated that cementation of the femoral component was associated with a slight increase in mortality up to 15 days, whereas no such increase in mortality was seen in those with a cemented acetabular component combined with a cementless femoral component.

Conclusion

This nationwide matched cohort study indicates that patients receiving cemented THA have a minimally increased relative risk of early mortality that is reversed from day 15 and thereafter. The absolute increase in risk is very small. Our findings lend support to the idea that cementation of the femoral component is more dangerous than cementation of the acetabular component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:37–43.
Effectiveness of open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (UKUFF)
Authors: Carr A. , Cooper C. , Campbell M. K. , Rees J. , Moser J. , Beard D. J. , Fitzpatrick R. , Gray A. , Dawson J. , Murphy J. , Bruhn H. , Cooper D. , Ramsay C.
Published: January 2017

Aims

The appropriate management for patients with a degenerative tear of the rotator cuff remains controversial, but operative treatment, particularly arthroscopic surgery, is increasingly being used. Our aim in this paper was to compare the effectiveness of arthroscopic with open repair of the rotator cuff.

Patients and Methods

A total of 273 patients were recruited to a randomised comparison trial (136 to arthroscopic surgery and 137 to open surgery) from 19 teaching and general hospitals in the United Kingdom. The surgeons used their usual preferred method of repair. The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), two years post-operatively, was the primary outcome measure. Imaging of the shoulder was performed at one year after surgery. The trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN97804283.

Results

The mean OSS improved from 26.3 (standard deviation (sd) 8.2) at baseline, to 41.7 (sd 7.9) two years post-operatively for arthroscopic surgery and from 25.0 (sd 8.0) to 41.5 (sd 7.9) for open surgery. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed no statistical difference between the groups at two years (difference in OSS score -0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.75 to 1.22; p = 0.452). The confidence interval excluded the pre-determined clinically important difference in the OSS of three points. The rate of re-tear was not significantly different between the two groups (46.4% for arthroscopic and 38.6% for open surgery; 95% CI -6.9 to 25.8; p = 0.256). Healed repairs had the most improved OSS. These findings were the same when analysed per-protocol.

Conclusion

There is no evidence of difference in effectiveness between open and arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. The rate of re-tear is high in both groups, for all sizes of tear and ages and this adversely affects the outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:107–15.
Bias and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Murray D. W. , Liddle A. D. , Judge A. , Pandit H.
Published: January 2017

We recently published a paper comparing the incidence of adverse outcomes after unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty (UKA and TKA). The conclusion of this study, which was in favour of UKA, was dismissed as “biased” in a review in Bone & Joint 360. Although this study is one of the least biased comparisons of UKA and TKA, this episode highlights the biases that exist both for and against UKA. In this review, we explore the different types of bias, particularly selection, reporting and measurement. We conclude that comparisons between UKA and TKA are open to bias. These biases can be so marked, particularly in comparisons based just on national registry data, that the conclusions can be misleading. For a fair comparison, data from randomised studies or well-matched, prospective observational cohort studies, which include registry data, are required, and multiple outcome measures should be used. The data of this type that already exist suggest that if UKA is used appropriately, compared with TKA, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:12–15.
Effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by-product on the quality and total phenol content of bread
Authors: Boubaker Maroua , Damergi Chokri , Ben Marzouk Chaima , Blecker Christophe , Bouzouita Nabiha
Published: January 2017

Legume flours, due to their phenol and fibre content, are ideal ingredients for improving the nutritional value of bakery products. In this study, artichoke stem powder (ASP) was used to substitute 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of wheat flour for making breads. Proximate composition of wheat flour and ASP were determined. Bread qualities and total phenols content were analyzed and compared with those of wheat bread. Results show that ASP contained 10.37% moisture, 10.28% ash, 11.53% protein, 0.86% fat, 51.29% fibre and 1350 mg EAG/100g d.m. ASP addition considerably modified the bread quality: altered appearance and texture, darker crumb and more intense odour were observed. From the sensory evaluation, tastes of bread with higher content of ASP (7.5 and 10%) were the most acceptable for assessors. Total phenol contents of breads significantly increased with the addition of ASP. Therefore ASP may be considered as valuable ingredients for industrial manufacture of functional foods.
RATTAN DIVERSITY AND BROAD EDAPHIC NICHES IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST OF BUTON, SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: PRITCHETT ROSIE , PHILLIPS AURORA , MARDIASTUTI ANI , POWLING ANDREW
Published: January 2017

PRITCHETT, R., PHILLIPS, A., MARDIASTUTI, A. & POWLING, A. 2016. Rattan diversity and broad edaphic niches in a tropical rainforest of Buton, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 99 – 110. — This paper attempts to answer the question: how can at least 20 species of rattan palms in the genus Calamus (family Palmae (Arecaceae)) co -exist in a rainforest? A survey of rattans was made in Lambusango Forest on Buton, an island close to south east Sulawesi, in Indonesia. Rattan species and numbers were recorded in 87 quadrats of 30 × 10 m, laid out along linear transects in habitats with a variety of soils. Evidence for edaphic (soil) niches was sought. Different rattan species were found to be adapted to soils with different conductivity and pH values. Standardised mean difference (d) scores were calculated for pairs of species based on their response to soil pH. Of the 66 pairs tested, 61 were found to be significantly different statistically. Such differences suggest, but do not prove, that many species occupy different edaphic niches. It was found that species which show a preference for soils with intermediate pH values (5.0 to 6.5) can grow in soils with a wide range of pH values, implying broad edaphic niches and that competition between these species is weak. Correspondence analysis shows that many species do not distinguish greatly between many soils with intermediate pH values. It is concluded that rattan species show evidence for having different edaphic niches, although the niches for many species are broad. It is speculated that many rattan species may be ecologically equivalent and that a weak version of ecological neutrality theory may apply.
A REVISION OF ISEILEMA (GRAMINEAE) IN MALESIA
Authors: VELDKAMP J. F.
Published: January 2017

VEDKAMP, J. F. 2016. A revision of Iseilema (Gramineae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 123 – 127. — There are three very rare and localized species in Malesia; one from Java is new. Notes on some other Southeast Asian species are given.
TWO NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW GEOGRAPHICAL RECORD FOR SARAWAK, MALAYSIA (CYPERACEAE: MAPANIOIDEAE)
Authors: ISA MIRAADILA MOHD. , SHABDIN ZINNIRAH , KALU MEEKIONG
Published: January 2017

MIRAADILA, M. I., SHABDIN, Z. & MEEKIONG, K. 2016. Two new species and one new geographical record for Sarawak, Malaysia (Cyperaceae: Mapanioideae). Reinwardtia 15(2): 129 – 135. — Mapania hidiriana and M. sembilingensis, two new species from Sarawak, Malaysia are described and illustrated. Mapania hidiriana can be differentiate from M. meditensis by elongated lanceolate inflorescences. Whilst, M. sembilingensisis differ from M. multiflora and M. hispida by the floral and fruit morphologies. In additional, M. spadicea Uittien, a new geographical record for Sarawak is also presented.
MAGNETRON SPUTTERING WITH HOT SOLID TARGET: THERMAL PROCESSES AND EROSION
Authors: Borduleva Alena Olegovna , Bleykher Galina Alekseevna , Sidelev Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Krivobokov Valeriy Pavlovich
Published: January 2017

This work focuses on erosion and thermal processes taking place on the surface of the titanium target in magnetron sputtering. The study was carried out using magnetron sputtering systems (MSS) with different thermal insulation target types from the magnetron body. It was found that the presence of an evaporation component allows the rate of removal of atoms from the surface of a solid target to be increased with limited thermal conduction. A mathematical simulation was used to evaluate the contribution of evaporation to the increase in the coating deposition rate for complete and partial thermal insulation. It was found that non-uniformity of the direct-axis component of the magnetic induction vector helps to localize the heating. also increases the evaporation rate on the surface of the target. It was proved that local evaporation including sublimations on the surface of a hot target is a significant factor in increasing the coating deposition rate. Due to this mechanism, the coating deposition rate can be increased 5 times for Ti in comparison with fully cooled targets. This result can be applied for direct current magnetrons and also for pulsed systems. It was also found that evaporation increased the energy efficiency of the target erosion. The most suitable metals were selected for obtaining high-intensity emission of atoms from a solid target.
ON GENERALIZATION OF SPECIAL FUNCTIONS RELATED TO WEYL GROUPS
Authors: Háková Lenka , Tereszkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

Weyl group orbit functions are defined in the context of Weyl groups of simple Lie algebras. They are multivariable complex functions possessing remarkable properties such as (anti)invariance with respect to the corresponding Weyl group, continuous and discrete orthogonality. A crucial tool in their definition are so-called sign homomorphisms, which coincide with one-dimensional irreducible representations. In this work we generalize the definition of orbit functions using characters of irreducible representations of higher dimensions. We describe their properties and give examples for Weyl groups of rank 2 and 3.
SIMULATION OF SURFACE HEATING FOR ARBITRARY SHAPE’S MOVING BODIES/SOURCES BY USING R-FUNCTIONS
Authors: Plankovskyy Sergiy , Shypul Olga , Tsegelnyk Yevgen , Tryfonov Oleg , Golovin Ivan
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this article is to propose an efficient algorithm for determining the place of an action of a heat source with a given motion law for a body of an arbitrary shape using methods of analytical geometry. The solution to this problem is an important part of a modeling of a laser, plasma, ion beam treatment. In addition, it can also be used for mass transfer problems, such as simulation of coating, sputtering, painting etc. The problem is solved by the method of R-functions to define the shape of the test body and the heat source and the analytical determination zone shadowing. As an example, we consider the problem of using the method of ion cleaning parameters optimization considering temperature limitations. Application of the R-functions can significantly reduce the amount of computation with usage of the ray tracing algorithm. The numerical realization of the proposed method requires an accurate creation of a numerical mesh. The best results in terms of accuracy of determination the scope of the source can be expected when applying adaptive tunable meshes. In case of integration of the R-functions into the CAD system, the use of the proposed method would be simple enough. The proposed method allows to determine the range of the source by the expression, which is constructed only once for the body and the source of arbitrary geometric shapes moving in any law. This distinguishes the proposed approach against all known algorithms for ray tracing. The proposed method can also be used for time-dependent multisource with arbitrary shapes, which move in different directions.
INTENSITY OF ELECTRIC FIELD UNDER OVERHEAD POWER LINE USING CATENARY SHAPE OF CONDUCTORS
Authors: Bendík Jozef , Cenký Matej , Eleschová Žaneta
Published: January 2017

This article presents a superposition method in combination with the Coulomb’s law and the Method of image charges for calculation of the electric field distribution generated by high voltage overhead power lines above a flat surface in every dimension. Such calculations are required to ensure the operational safety of people exposed to the action of external electric field as well as to reduce the cost of people protection. The method provides options for calculation of the field around the wire of a general shape. This substantial improvement of the method could be applied to eliminate the usual error in the calculation created using approximation of catenary shape conductors by infinite straight conductors. The method has been extensively tested on a set of shapes with known analytical solutions. It has been shown that the numerical solution converges uniformly to the analytical solution and the accuracy depends only on the number of finite elements.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Verification of Eigenfrequencies of Overhead ACSR Conductor
Authors: Hrabovský Juraj , Gogola Roman , Goga Vladimír , Janíček František
Published: January 2017

This contribution deals with the modal analysis of ACSR conductor using the finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements of eigenfrequencies. In numerical experiments for the modelling of the conductor the material properties of the chosen conductor cross-section are homogenized by the Representative Volume Element (RVE) method. The spatial modal analysis of the power line is carried out by means of our new 3D FGM beam finite element and by standard beam finite element of the commercial software ANSYS. Experimental measurements are also carried out for verification of the numerical calculation accuracy.
Beyond “No food and drink in the gallery”: Writing a best practices document for food management in museums
Authors: Newberry Rebecca , Palumbo Bethany , Ritchie Fran
Published: January 2017

In 2015, the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC) Conservation Committee created a best practices document for food management in collection-holding institutions. This paper discusses the three-step process, devised by the committee, through which this was achieved. The first step was to research existing literature on the subject. Scant results showed that a best practices document on the subject would be of great benefit to the field. The second step was to survey collection professionals. This provided the committee a stronger understanding of current food management challenges and successes, as well as topics to address in the best practices document. The third step was to gain consensus from these professionals. A draft of the document was presented at three international conferences, and feedback was incorporated into the final recommendations. The best practices document is available on the SPNHC wiki and may be updated. It is possible to write a best practice on any subject by replicating this three-step process. The Conservation Committee believes this process can be applied to other areas that are in need of new or revised preservation methods.
Three legs good, four legs better: Making a quagga whole again with 3D printing
Authors: Larkin Nigel R. , Porro Laura B.
Published: January 2017

Specimens of extinct animals are among the most precious items in a museum’s collection. They are vital for research and education, especially those that have become extinct relatively recently due to human activity. Only seven skeletons of the extinct subspecies of plains zebra Equus quagga quagga are known to exist in museum collections worldwide, including a specimen on display at the Grant Museum of Zoology, London. However, the left hind leg and right scapula of this specimen have been missing for many years. As part of a recent project to conserve and remount this skeleton, the left scapula and articulated right hind limb were scanned using computed tomography (CT) so that mirrored data could be used to 3D print the missing bones. The 3D-printed models installed on the original specimen do more than provide an anatomically complete skeleton and improve the physical stability of the specimen; the black 3D printed bones contrast with the rest of the skeleton, which highlights the work undertaken and provides a more engaging exhibit. The CT scans are also available for research and as an interactive 3D model within the display.
Keep it together: An evaluation of the tensile strengths of three select adhesives used in fossil preparation
Authors: Russell Rhian , Strilisky Brandon
Published: January 2017

The tensile strength of a select group of common fossil adhesives (50% w/w Paraloid B-72 in acetone, Paleobond PB100, and Devcon 2-Ton epoxy) was tested over a period of 9 months. Because the testing process is destructive, the tests needed to be standardized to draw valid conclusions, and because large sample sizes were desired for the most statistically accurate results, limestone adherends were used as a proxy for real fossil specimens. Paraloid B-72 in acetone at 50% w/w demonstrated long solvent retention and took several months to attain full strength. Although it was the statistically weakest of the three adhesives, it still required a significantly large force to be exerted (275.56 lbs/in2; 19.37 kg/cm2) in order for it to fail after only 3 days. If fossil specimens joined with Paraloid B-72 are provided with appropriate archival support, then the adhesive will slowly attain full strength. Devcon 2-Ton epoxy was stronger than the limestone adherends and created minor or major substrate failure in the majority of samples, indicating that its use be restricted only to specific situations, such as heavy specimens that cannot be supported externally. Paleobond PB100 samples failed on average between 535 and 636 lbs/in2 (37.6 and 44.7 kg/cm2) and generally demonstrated adhesive failure, with some minor substrate damage. Paraloid B-72 demonstrated substantial tensile strength in this study and has excellent long-term stability and reversibility. Therefore, Paraloid B-72 should be considered the default adhesive in the majority of fossil preparation practices.
A unique occurrence of a psammosteid heterostracan on the peri-Gondwanan shelf in the Lower/Middle Devonian boundary marine deposits
Authors: Vaškaninová Valéria , Kraft Petr
Published: January 2017

A rare psammosteid heterostracan (Agnatha) occurrence in the Devonian of the Prague Basin is indicative of a dry land influence in the regional palaeogeography. This argument is strongly supported by the appearance of vascular plants, but the studied vertebrates allow us to presume a local brackish water environment. These conditions are considered to be related to a supposed land in the vicinity of the preserved relic of Devonian rocks in the Teplá-Barrandian unit. Such unique conditions were not repeated in the area despite the increasing extent of continental environment related to the rising Variscan Orogeny.
Leaf compressions from the Late Miocene sections of NW Italy: research on an efficient, easy and quick consolidation treatment
Authors: Cimino Dafne , Chiantore Oscar , Martinetto Edoardo , Damarco Pero , Poli Tommaso
Published: January 2017

Compressions of fossil leaves on marl blocks soaked with water are tricky palaeobotanic findings to deal with. In fact, this peculiarity makes the findings exposed to serious degradation: the evaporation of water causes shrinkage of the matrix and the leaf leading to fragmentation, delamination and exfoliation of the fossil, until its final disappearance. The aim of this research was to identify a consolidation method which satisfies museum needs and can be utilised for all conditions of hydration of the object. Following a survey of several natural science museums in Northern Italy, Paraloid™ B72 and PEG4000 along with other resins never previously used on this kind of fossil were tested. At the end of the research, two products gave adequate or good results, preserving the leaf from further degradation whatever the hydration condition of the object: the acrylic resin Paraloid™ B72 and a polyurethane resin.
New contribution to the palaeoichnology and taphonomy of the Ahníkov fossil site, Early Miocene, Most Basin (the Czech Republic)
Authors: Ekrt Boris , Chiantore Oscar , Mikuláš Radek , Wagner Jan , Čermák Stanislav , Procházková Kateřina , Kadlecova Eva , Fejfar Oldřich
Published: January 2017

The material of Machichnus regularis and Machichnus multilineatus was re-examined with respect to the potential tracemaker. New characters were defined for M. multilineatus – scratch profile with flat horizontal bottom and undulated microrelief of scratches. Based on these characters and additional information, both previously suggested tracemakers (beavers and porcupines) are rejected and a new one – a large squirrel is proposed. The squirrel origin of gnawing traces is additionally supported by actuopalaeontologic study on gnawing behaviour of recent red squirrels. On this basis, squirrels are recognized as overlooked but important taphonomic agents in Late Cenozoic assemblages. The tracemaker of M. regularis was not unambiguously recognized, but a connection with smaller squirrel or aplodontid species seems probable.
New data on the macroflora of the basal Rotliegend group (Remigiusberg Formation; Gzhelian) in the Saar-Nahe basin (SW-Germany)
Authors: Uhl Dieter , Jasper André
Published: January 2017

New discoveries of fossil plant macroremains from the Remigiusberg Formation (lowermost Rotliegend group) considerably enlarge our knowledge about the flora of the basal-most part of the lithostratigraphically defined Rotliegend group within the Saar-Nahe Basin in SW-Germany. Most taxa are plants that grew in relatively humid habitats near rivers, or around margins of the lake in whose sediments the plant macroremains were found. This, together with previously reported palynological data, suggests that the wetlands in which these plants grew were large enough to act as taphonomical barriers against the deposition of plant macroremains from dryer habitats.

Based on some of the new taxa, it is also possible to constrain the base of the biostratigraphic Autunia conferta zone in this basin, a task that was not possible before, due to the scarcity of macrofloristic data from the basal Rotliegend group. The new data provide evidence that the upper part of the Remigiusberg Formation is probably not older than late Gzhelian. This corresponds to earlier biostratigraphic interpretations based on palaeozoological remains.
Generic Properties of Critical Points of the Weyl Tensor
Authors: Micheletti Anna Maria , Pistoia Angela
Published: January 2017

Given

(
M
,
g
)

${(M,g)}$

, a smooth compact Riemannian n-manifold, we prove that for a generic Riemannian metric g the critical points of the function

𝒲
g

⁢

(
ξ
)

:=

|

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are nondegenerate.
Doubly Critical Problems Involving Fractional Laplacians in ℝ
N
Authors: Yang Jianfu , Wu Fengjie
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we show the existence of nontrivial solutions for doubly critical nonlocal elliptic problems in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

involving fractional Laplacians. Our approach is elementary without the use of neither the concentration-compactness principle nor the extension argument developed in [4].
Environmental and economic aspects of Triticum aestivum L. and Avena sativa growing
Authors: Jelínková Zuzana , Moudrý Jan , Bernas Jaroslav , Kopecký Marek , Moudrý Jan , Konvalina Petr
Published: January 2017

This paper deals with the assessment of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa) grown in Central Europe within the conventional and organic farming systems in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and economic profitability. Organic farming may be one of the tools for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production. In the context of crop production, cereals rank among the most commonly grown crops and therefore bread wheat and oat were chosen. The Climate change impact category was assessed within the simplified LCA method and the production of greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO2e per the production unit was calculated. Economic balance of the cultivation of monitored cereals was compiled based on the yields, farm gate prices and costs. On its basis, the cultivation of wheat within the organic farming system appears to be the most profitable. From an environmental point of view, the emission load of the organic farming system is reduced by 8.04 % within the wheat production and by 15.46 % within the oat cultivation. Therefore, the organic farming system in the Czech Republic appears to be more environmentally friendly and economically efficient within the cereals production.
Israel / Palästina retten: Kunst und der binationale Staat
Authors: Mitchell W. J. T.
Published: January 2017

Eine Anmerkung zum Titel: Warum sollten wir Israel retten wollen? Palästina ja. Es liegt in Ruinen, belagert und unter militärischer Besatzung, verwüstet durch Armut, Arbeitslosigkeit und systematische Demütigung. Palästinas bloße Existenz als ein Volk, eine Nation und ein Ort hängt an einem seidenen Faden. Die Bedrohung für Israel ist hingegen eine moralische. Das Land ist in Gefahr, seine Seele zu verlieren, all die Ideale zu verraten, auf denen seine Gründung beruht, und selbst endgültig ein Apartheidstaat zu werden. Dieser Beitrag handelt von einer doppelten Rettungsaktion, einer sowohl moralischen als auch materiellen, spirituellen und physischen Rettung. Er ist von jüngsten Arbeiten sogenannter „Rettungs-Künstler“

Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird für die Bezeichnung von Personengruppen in der Übersetzung durchweg das generische Maskulinum verwendet, das die weibliche und männliche Form gleichermaßen impliziert. A.d.Ü.

(salvage artists) inspiriert, deren Arbeiten häufig auf der Wiederverwendung von überflüssigen Materialien, Abfall, Müll und Ruinen basieren, ebenso wie auf Projekten, die eine Re-Imagination und Neugestaltung der Gemeinschaft zum Gegenstand haben. Rettungs-Kunst richtet sich häufig auf „das Gemeingut“ (the commons), auf die fragilen öffentlichen Räume der Versammlung und Zusammenkunft, die auch als Bühne für Inszenierungen von staatlicher Gewalt und Widerstand dienen. Sie ist besonders eng mit dokumentarischen, bewegten und nicht bewegten Bildern verbunden, die der Realität in all ihrer Komplexität einen Spiegel vorhalten und geteilte Erinnerungen und Archive bewahren. Mein Interesse gilt Künstlern, die oft aus sehr verschiedenen, sogar gegensätzlichen Beweggründen in diesen gemeinsamen Bemühungen engagiert sind.
Rematerialisation
Authors: Dirckinck-Holmfeld Katrine
Published: January 2017

The essay takes up Eve Kososky Sedgwick’s influential call for a reparative reading or practice, understood primarily as a performative and literary reading practice, in an attempt to inform what I call a reparative critical image practice. Montaging my own experiences learning from filmmaker Harun Farocki during the Labour in a Single Shot workshop (Cairo 2012) together with reflections from my work with the video-installation Leap into Colour (Cairo, Beirut, Copenhagen 2012-2015), the essay speculates how the reparative critical image undergoes a process of rematerialisation. The essay explores how the image migrates between different contexts, compressions, codecs and formats, and how this route, or line of flight, is enfolded into the image’s texture. I argue that montaging these layers of intensities can create a collaborative, historically dense, fabulous image, held together by affect.
Yet Unborn Realities
Authors: Johannessen Runa
Published: January 2017

The scope of this paper is to inquire into a moment of friction between reality and possibility; the present and the future; the actual and the fictional, in a context pertaining to the Israel-Palestine conflict. The point of departure is an artwork by the Palestinian artist Khaled Jarrar. My encounter with his work evoked an aesthetic experience of hesitant uncertainty parallel to particular encounters with a mechanism invoking such uncertainties in real life, namely the passport control.
Deception and Fiction as Forms of World-making in Contemporary Art
Authors: Reeves-Evison Theo
Published: January 2017

This article probes the grey area between lies and fiction in order to interrogate the effects such strategies have, both within and outside of the sphere of art. For better or worse, art works that experiment with the methodologies of fiction and deception have the capacity to generate real effects. In this article I propose to focus on two broad classes of effects: those that are somehow critical, that turn our attention back on the truth-framing devices that allowed for deception to emerge in the first place, and those that are inventive, that somehow secrete a new universe of reference. The kinds of epistemological choreography used by artists such as The Yes Men and Dora Garcia do not only expose rhetorical devices and truth-framing mechanisms, they also leave a ‘residue’ of their false content long after their truth-claims have been dropped. In this article I will argue that such works have a germinal as well as a parasitic relationship to truth and are involved in a world-making which is ontologically anterior to codifications of true and false.
Existentielle Dringlichkeit
Authors: Osborne Peter
Published: January 2017

Wie verändert sich die Form der Biennale, wenn Biennalen Teil eines weltumspannenden Systems von Kunstinstitutionen werden und der historischen Zeitlichkeit einer globalen Kontemporanität

Der englische Terminus „contemporaneity“ wird hier und im Folgenden als „Kontemporanität“ übersetzt, wo es um die von Osborne problematisierte historische Zeitlichkeit einer globalen kapitalistischen Moderne geht, und als „Zeitgenossenschaft“ oder „Zeitgenössischkeit“, wo es sich um allgemeinere oder unspezifischere Ausprägungen dieses Konzepts handelt. A.d.Ü.

unterliegen? Was geschieht insbesondere, wenn die periodischen Rhythmen nationaler Biennale-Narrative von der seriellen Abfolge internationaler Biennalen – die scheinbar endlos um Kontemporanität konkurrieren – umgeschrieben werden? Der Essay nähert sich diesen Fragen über die Debatte um die symbolische Bedeutung, die die dritte Havanna Biennale im Jahr 1989 als Zwischenstadium annahm. Er vergleicht drei historische Problematiken ‚des Zeitgenössischen‘ in Form von Modellen, mit denen die kulturelle Funktion von Biennalen gedacht werden kann: (i) die Kritik der Anthropologie oder der Co-Zeitlichkeit (the coeval),

„Co-Zeitlichkeit“ steht hier als Übersetzung des Begriffs „coevalness“, der sich auf Johannes Fabians Kritik an der anthropologischen Praxis bezieht, die den Anderen nicht nur räumlich, sondern auch zeitlich in Differenz zum beobachtenden Subjekt setzt und so die geteilte Zeitlichkeit von Forscher und Erforschtem verdrängt (denial of coevalness). Da laut Fabien ‚coevalness‘ nicht mit dem dt. Gleichzeitigkeit gleichzusetzen ist, wurde hier auf einen Neologismus zurückgegriffen. Siehe Fabian 1983. (A.d.Ü.)

(ii) die sozialistische Postkolonialität oder die Avantgarde-Konstruktion von Traditionen und (iii) die historische Kontemporanität einer global kapitalistischen Moderne.
A Boom Interview
Authors: Starr Kevin
Published: January 2017

An interview with California’s unofficial state historian, exploring Starr’s rationale for his work, along with his understanding of the nature of California values, and what it means to be a Californian. From here to Starr’s recent book, Continental Ambitions, and the many figures and features that have influenced Starr’s understanding of California, this interview moves forward in Starr’s characteristic polymathic style, covering encyclopedic terrain. Additionally, it explores the role that religion and especially Roman Catholicism have played in California’s narrative, and in Starr’s own understanding of California and its place in the world.
State of Being
Authors: George Lynell
Published: January 2017

Moving back and forth from Los Angeles to San Francisco, this essay travels back in time to an imported experience of African American culture that came to the West Coast. Part of a familial culture, which converged with this place amidst the streets, and trees, and family heirlooms, this essay explores what it is about California that makes it a place of such incredible placemaking. Journeying through George’s own California and how to understand this place amidst the interruptions and ways of being here, the essay concludes acknowledging California’s existence between myth and reality, wherein passes California.
Between Journalism and Fiction
Authors: Richardson Peter
Published: January 2017

Like Mark Twain, Hunter S. Thompson arrived in San Francisco as an obscure journalist, thrived on the city’s anarchic energies, and departed as a national figure. His literary formation played out in San Francisco during what he called ‘‘a Main Era—the kind of peak that never comes again.’’ That peak helped Thompson invent not only Gonzo journalism, but also himself. This article traces Thompson’s literary formation with special attention to three editors--Carey McWilliams, Warren Hinckle, and Jann Wenner--who helped transform Thompson into what he described as “one of the best writers currently using the English language as both a musical instrument and a political weapon.”
Elegy
Authors: Ulin David L.
Published: January 2017

Traversing the kaleidoscope of memory of early adulthood in the San Francisco bay area, David Ulin describes the places as he remembers them with picturesque account: Andrew Molera State Park, Fort Mason, Marin Headlands, Old Waldorf, and Sutro Tower, with the particulars, and what happened to his experience of time in those places that summer of 1980. Experienced as a series of fleeting memories, joining together with others who lived there for a time. They left, and so did the author, experiencing the power of temporality or “abandon” both in and from this place.
The Smell of Gold
Authors: Mohan Caitlin
Published: January 2017

This personal piece of non-fiction explores the history of the Sierra Foothills and the current changes brought on by the marijuana industry. Attempts to present various ways of looking at how the changes in the Yuba River watershed are about and reflect important changes in California, the essay focuses on the unmistakeable scent of the place and how its reality is transmitted down through time, generation to generation.
Lying in Plain Sight
Authors: Kennedy Rick
Published: January 2017

Exploring a way of seeing expansive meaning in the juxtaposition of important buildings and sculptures, by centering on Alexis Smith’s "Snake Path" sculpture at UC San Diego and her reputation as an "assemblage" or "collage" artist, this article puts the iconic university library designed by William Pereira in relation with other buildings and sculptures to show that a type of religious geoglyph is inscribed into a coastal ridge in Southern California.
What Does It Mean to Become Californian?
Authors: Waldie D.J.
Published: January 2017

The habits of 19th century Californians framed what becoming Californian would mean. Bitterly for Californians today, those habits did not come with a moral compass. The California Dream had been limitless in its promise of health, wealth, and happiness in the sunshine. Today’s Californians dream differently. As California becomes less exceptional, how will we describe California when it’s not exactly “Californian” anymore? The insights of critical regionalism and Foucault’s notion of “a particular, local, regional knowledge” may provide a guide.