bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P
aeniglutamicibacter
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen , Wieser Monika
Published: December 2018

Pae.ni.glu.ta.mi.ci.bac'ter. L. adv.
paene,
nearly, almost; N.L. masc. n.
Glutamicibacter
a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n.
Paeniglutamicibacter
almost
Glutamicibacter
.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Micrococcaceae / Paeniglutamicibacter

The genus
Paeniglutamicibacter
contains the species
Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus, Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans, Paeniglutamicibacter gangotriensis, Paeniglutamicibacter kerguelensis, Paeniglutamicibacter psychrophenolicus,
and
Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus
. Cells are rod shaped when growing exponentially and are coccoid when reaching the stationary growth phase (rod–coccus cycle). Cells are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Colonies are yellow pigmented. The species of this genus share high 16S rRNA similarities (>96.9%). The peptidoglycan type is A4α (Lys–Glu; A11.54;
https://www.dsmz.de/?id=449
). The quinone system contains menaquinone MK‐9 or MK‐10 as major components. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Phosphatidylinositol is absent. Major fatty acid is anteiso‐C
15:0
. High amounts of iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
16:0
, anteiso‐C
17:0
, and C
16 :0
may also be present.

Representatives of the genus have been isolated from soil, oil brine, Southern Ocean sediment of Antarctica, Antarctic sea water, penguin rookery soil, and an alpine ice cave.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58–68.

Type species
: (Stackebrandt, Fowler, Fiedler and Seiler 1983) Busse 2016, 30
VP
(
Arthrobacter sulfureus
, Stackebrandt, Fowler, Fiedler and Seiler 1984, 270).
P
yrinomonas
Authors: Stott Matthew B , Carere Carlo R , Greening Chris , Morgan Xochitl C
Published: December 2018

Py.ri.no.mo'nas. Gr. adj.
pyrinos
born of fire, igneous, fiery; Gr. fem. n.
monas
a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Pyrinomonas
fire unit (bacterium).

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Pyrinomonadaceae / Pyrinomonas

The genus
Pyrinomonas
is represented by a single species,
Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes
. Cells are nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming rods. Gram‐negative, catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Cells divide by binary fission. Thermophilic and moderately acidophilic. Obligately aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. Growth on a limited selection of peptides, saccharides, and organic acids. Hydrogen is oxidized to subatmospheric concentrations when cells are carbon‐limited. The principal fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, iso‐C
19:0
, and iso‐C
21:0
. Transmembrane and ether‐linked lipids, including iso‐diabolic acid and the glyceryl ethers of iso‐C
15:0
and iso‐diabolic acid, comprise up to 40% of cell lipid extract. Primary cellular lipids are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. MK‐8 is the primary respiratory quinone and G + C content of 59.36 mol%. Members of the class
Blastocatellia
, family
Pyrinomonadaceae
. The type strain was isolated from geothermally heated soils in New Zealand.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.36 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes
Crowe, Power, Morgan, Dunfield, Lagutin, Rijpstra, Vyssotski, Sinninghe Damsté, Houghton, Ryan and Stott 2014, 225
VP
.
Electromagnetic Performance of CVD Si3N4–SiCN Ceramics Oxidized from 500 to 1000 °C
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Yin Xiaowei , Fan Xiaomeng , Ye Fang , Xue Jimei , Mo Ran , Zhang Litong
Published: December 2018

In this paper, SiCN ceramics are introduced into Si3N4 substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using SiCl4–C3H6–NH3–H2–Ar mixture gases, and then the as‐prepared Si3N4–SiCN ceramics are oxidized at 500, 800, 1000 °C for 5 h. At 500 °C, the weight and electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing performance of Si3N4–SiCN ceramics change slightly with the increasing oxidation time, indicating that there is no obvious oxidation occurring for Si3N4–SiCN ceramics. At 800 and 1000 °C, the initial oxidation of SiCN ceramics is controlled by oxidation of carbon, which is transformed into oxidation of SiC with the increasing oxidation time. At 800 °C, the dielectric properties and EM wave absorbing performance of Si3N4–SiCN ceramics decrease finally. The minimal reflection coefficient (RC) is only –3.8 dB at the thickness of 2.65 mm. At 1000 °C, the absorbing agents in Si3N4–SiCN ceramics disappear completely after 5 h, showing EM wave transparent properties. The EM wave absorbing properties of Si3N4–SiCN ceramics are mainly dominated by SiC. In addition, the content of absorbing agents can be calculated by analyzing the weight change of Si3N4–SiCN ceramics at 1000 °C.
Spark Plasma Sintering and Microstructural Characterization of Nb–Cr Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Li Ke‐Wei , Gao Fei , Wang Lu
Published: December 2018

Bulk NbCr2 Laves phase composites are fabricated via spark plasma sintering using coarse Cr and Nb powders. The sintering behavior and phase morphological evolution of the Nb–Cr eutectic alloy along the sintering temperature are investigated. The results show that the microstructures of the samples sintered at different temperatures consist of Nbss, Crss, and NbCr2 Laves phase without any formation of eutectics. The phase transformation and microstructural evolution are analyzed by considering the inhomogeneous temperature distribution and the accelerated atomic diffusion induced by the applied pulsed electric current. While the absence of eutectic and the grain refinement of NbCr2 Laves phase are mainly attributed to the in situ precipitation from the supersaturated Nb solid solution and the transient thermal compressive stress caused by the nonsynchronous of temperature increment and thermal expansion during spark plasma sintering.
Parallel Label‐Free Isolation of Cancer Cells Using Arrays of Acoustic Microstreaming Traps
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Martin Aida , Soto Fernando , Angsantikul Pavimol , Li Jinxing , Chen Chuanrui , Liang Yuyan , Hu Junhui , Zhang Liangfang , Wang Joseph
Published: December 2018

A new parallel label‐free isolation platform for isolating cancer cells (>10 µm) from biological samples using an array of acoustic microstreaming traps is demonstrated. The new microstreaming trapping platform offers high isolation efficiency and treatment in spiked diluted (1:2) blood samples without labeling, extra processing steps or sheath flows (common to other label‐free cell‐separation methods), hence, simplifying the microfluidic set‐up and operation. The versatility of this label‐free method is illustrated by the size‐dependent isolation of synthetic colloids and by three different models of breast cancer cells, showing a remarkably high isolation efficiency (95 ± 5%), being ≈100% for MCF‐7. Extensive experimental data and theoretical simulations confirm that the local acoustic microstreaming produced by the micropillar trap can discriminate and isolate microparticles based solely on their size. Moreover, the parallel isolation generated by the trap array arrangement is capable of effectively improving the capturing efficiency. The tunable and reversible properties of the acoustic microstreaming allow for cell capturing and optical detection within the trapping area, followed by cell release, enrichment, and collection for further studies. This label‐free trapping strategy can open numerous new opportunities for rapid and sensitive detection and capture of cancer cells in biological samples for meaningful clinical applications.
3D‐Printed Microelectrodes with a Developed Conductive Network and Hierarchical Pores toward High Areal Capacity for Microbatteries
Authors: Zhou Lin , Ning Weiwei , Wu Chen , Zhang Dou , Wei Weifeng , Ma Jianmin , Li Chengchao , Chen Libao
Published: December 2018

Microbatteries with a very narrow footprint require a high areal capacity to supply sufficient energy to power electronics. Here, 3D architected microelectrodes with high areal loadings are manufactured by 3D direct ink writing and freeze‐drying techniques to achieve high areal capacity for lithium‐ion microbatteries. The elaborate design of electrode configurations and the freeze‐drying treatment lead to hierarchical pores, which enhance the penetration of electrolyte and the transport of Li+. Meanwhile, the designed configurations prompt carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form an interconnected conductive network in the whole electrode, thereby promoting fast electron transfer. As a result, the freestanding 3D‐printed lithium iron phosphate (LFP) microelectrodes show superior rate capacity and cycle stability compared to those of electrodes prepared through coating. The LFP microelectrodes still deliver an ultrahigh areal capacity of 5.05 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles even with a higher areal loading of 32 mg cm−2, exhibiting a high capacity retention rate of 96.6%. Moreover, the full microbatteries assembled with the 3D‐printed LFP and lithium titanate (LTO) microelectrodes show good electrochemical performance.
Enhanced Mass Transfer and Improved Catalyst Recovery in a Stirred Reactor by Polymeric Ionic Liquids Modified 3D Printed Devices
Authors: Wu Juanjuan , Yan Ying , Zhang Lijing , Qin Zizhen , Tao Shengyang
Published: December 2018

Mass transfer and catalyst recovery are both influential factors in heterogeneous catalytic processes, which significantly affect the reaction efficiency. Therefore, design and fabrication of reactors and catalysts with reasonable structure and property are central issues in heterogeneous reactions. Herein, agitating impeller (AI) with prismatic structure and catalytic property is conveniently constructed via the combination of 3D printing technology and polymeric ionic liquids (PILs). The further modification of the PILs on impellers endowed them with the ability of ion exchange, which helped to load Pd nanoparticles on the surface as catalysts for reduction, Suzuki coupling, and dye decolorization reactions. Prisms on the impellers significantly enhance the catalytic efficiency of these reactions through improving the mass transfer. The yield reaches nearly 100%. Catalytic impellers could be easily separated from the reactor and without a visible leak of Pd catalysts so that they could repeatedly be used more than ten times with high performance. The numerical simulation and experimental characterizations are both used to explore the mechanism of the mass transfer and the activity of the catalytic surface, which give a full understanding of the benefits of 3D printing and PILs in heterogeneous reactions.
The Optical Frequency Standards for the Realization of the Meter
Authors: Matus Michael , Haas Stefan
Published: December 2018

Optical‐frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and have many applications from length measurement to atomic clocks and much more. The evolution of optical‐frequency standards has been considerable. Originally introduced as primary realizations for the meter, they have evolved to optical clocks, which surpass the uncertainty and stability of microwave clocks. Herein, the status of the development of optical‐frequency standards as far as length metrology is concerned is reviewed, giving a broad overview of the historical context, as well as an outlook about future evolution.
The influence of high temperature oxidation on molecular structure and performance of aviation base oils
Authors: Ma Jun , Fei Yiwei , Wu Nan , Sun Shian , Wang Yuelun
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the dioctyl adipate (DIOA) and poly‐α‐olefin (PAO) were comparatively study to systematic evaluate the influence of high temperature oxidation on the molecular structure and performance of the base oil. Even the DIOA has better antioxidation properties, antioxidant could significantly reduce the molecular structure damage during high temperature oxidation for the both two kinds of base oils. Because the decrement of kinematic viscosity was slow down after antioxidant was added into the base oils, the kinematic viscosity ratio of DIOA and PAO is nearly 1.7 after oxidation at 300°C, which is down to 1.2 while antioxidant is applied. Based on the DSC analysis, the antioxidant could postpone the oxidation process of the PAO and DIOA oil samples and have longer oxidation induction time (17.5 and 35.1 min) and higher incipient oxidation temperature (262.3°C and 243.8°C), respectively. The oxidation induction time of DIOA is nearly twice (or triple) the value of PAO4, which suggests a much better antioxidation performance of DIOA. The GCMS results elucidate that the species and quantities of oxidation products are reduced simultaneously.
Effect of different acids during the synthesis of urea‐formaldehyde adhesives and the mechanical properties of medium‐density fiberboards bonded with them
Authors: Dorieh Ali , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Mamaghani Manochehr , Pizzi Antonio , Mohammadi Zeydi Masoud
Published: December 2018

The characteristics of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) adhesives condensed by catalysis with four different acids, namely formic (HCOOH), hydrochloric (HCl), phosphoric (H3PO4), and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, under alkaline–acidic–alkaline conditions at a molar ratio F/U = 1.12 were studied. The thermal curing properties of UF adhesives catalyzed with acid were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry at 10 °C/min heating rate. The resin structure examined by13C‐NMR spectroscopy showed that the resin catalyzed with HCl had a lower proportion of methylol groups, resulting in a lower level of formaldehyde emission. It was interesting to note that HCOOH resulted in the best overall mechanical properties of the medium‐density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The HCl catalyst resulted in the poorest performance, providing the lowest internal bond strength, modulus of elasticity, and thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content. The resin catalyzed with H2SO4had the highest free formaldehyde and the highest formaldehyde emission. H2SO4and H3PO4resulted in MDF mechanical properties relatively lower than for HCOOH. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47256.
Influence of process parameters on mechanical properties of physically foamed, fiber reinforced polypropylene parts
Authors: Kastner Clemens , Steinbichler Georg , Kahlen Susanne , Jerabek Michael
Published: December 2018

Due to the high complexity of the foaming technology, the relationship between processing and final properties of parts produced is not completely understood. Investigating the causality chain Processing–Morphology–Properties is of great importance, especially for the automotive industry, in order to be able to tailor the mechanical properties of foamed parts. This article examines and qualifies the effects of seven process parameters (melt/mold temperature, degree of foaming, injection speed, delay time, gas content, and back pressure) on biaxial bending and flexural behavior—the predominant deformation mechanisms in interior automotive applications—of foamed plaques, using the MuCell process. The results clearly show that three major factors (mold temperature, degree of foaming, and delay time) have significant impact on the mechanical properties of the foamed parts. For a clear understanding of these interactions, computed tomography scans of certain plaques are correlated to process parameters and mechanical performance. This article should forge a bridge between production and performance. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47275.
Social mobility: The potential of a genealogical approach
Authors: Hoskins Kate , Barker Bernard
Published: December 2018

This article highlights the potential of taking a genealogical approach to researching social mobility based on empirical insights generated from a qualitative case study in a secondary school located in the South East of England. The study involved interviews with 42 students and the data lead to a deeper understanding of the role of families in inter‐ and intra‐generational social movement. We begin by highlighting some limitations in existing research on social mobility. Next, the role of households and families in conditioning an individual's identity, dispositions, aspirations and choices is emphasised. We then present findings from the analysis of 42 genealogical work histories over three generations and explore the role of education and family background in shaping young people's employment aspirations. We argue that education has had little impact on overall mobility rates and suggest that whilst education has a significant role in mediating social mobility, the importance of family context should not be overlooked.
A quantitative LC–MS/MS method for determination of a small molecule agonist of EphA2 in mouse plasma and brain tissue
Authors: Zhong Bo , Li Yaxin , Idippily Nethrie , Petty Aaron , Su Bin , Wang Bingcheng
Published: December 2018

Compound 27 {1, 12‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinazolin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]dodecane‐1,12‐dione} is a novel small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase. It showed much improved activity for the activation of EphA2 receptor compared with the parental compound doxazosin. To support further pharmacological and toxicological studies of the compound, a method using liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed for the quantification of this compound. Liquid–liquid extraction was used to extract the compound from mouse plasma and brain tissue homogenate. Reverse‐phase chromatography with gradient elution was performed to separate compound 27 from the endogenous molecules in the matrix, followed by MS detection using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Multiple reaction monitoring transitions m/z 387.3 → 290.1 and m/z 384.1 → 247.1 were selected for monitoring compound 27 and internal standard prazosin, respectively. The linear calibration range was 2–200 ng/mL with the intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy within the acceptable range. This method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of compound 27 in mouse plasma and brain tissue with different drug administration routes.
Mapping circular economy activities in the European Union: Patterns of implementation and their correlates in small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Katz‐Gerro Tally , López Sintas Jordi
Published: December 2018

With the European Commission looking for ways to incentivize the adoption of circular economy (CE) activities by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union (EU), further insights into the implementation of CE activities across member states are needed. We analyse a European Commission survey conducted in 2016 among approximately 11,000 firms in EU‐28 member states in order to throw light on the conditions in which SMEs engage in five specific CE activities. In contrast to previous studies arguing that CE activities are independent of each other, we present novel findings demonstrating that seven patterns of engagement in CE can be identified in which activities are systematically interdependent. Further, we show that these patterns are associated with the organizational properties of SMEs and are differentially distributed among EU member states and industrial sectors. The interdependency of activities forms a hierarchy in which waste minimization is the most likely activity to be implemented in SMEs, followed, in descending order of likelihood, by replanning of energy use, redesigning products and services, and finally using renewable energy and replanning water usage. The findings have theoretical, managerial, and policy implications for the adoption of interdependent CE activities.
Vortex shape and gas‐liquid hydrodynamics in unbaffled stirred tank
Authors: Prakash Baranivignesh , Bhatelia Tejas , Wadnerkar Divyamaan , Shah Milinkumar T. , Pareek Vishnu K. , Utikar Ranjeet P.
Published: December 2018

The present study investigated the effect of impeller speed and vortex ingestion on vortex shape, gas holdup, and bubble size distribution in an unbaffled stirred tank using optical probe measurements. Further, the ability of the volume of the fluid model to predict vortex shape was examined. Without vortex ingestion, an increase in impeller speed resulted in a significant variation in vortex shape, whereas it had a negligible effect on vortex shape with ingestion. This suggests that when vortex ingestion occurred, most of the energy was consumed for the dispersion of gas rather than the deformation of the gas‐liquid interface. It was observed that a large number of gas bubbles were entrained into the vortex core around the impeller region, which led to a lower gas holdup at the top axial locations. An increase in the impeller speed also resulted in the formation of larger bubbles. The absence of baffles limits shear for bubble break up, resulting in larger bubbles above the impeller plane.
Cost‐effectiveness of a patient navigation intervention to increase colonoscopy screening among low‐income adults in New Hampshire
Authors: Rice Ketra , Sharma Krishna , Li Chunyu , Butterly Lynn , Gersten Joanne , DeGroff Amy
Published: December 2018

Background

Colonoscopy is the most widely used colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test in the United States. Through the detection and removal of potentially precancerous polyps, it can prevent CRC. However, CRC screening remains low among adults who are recommended for screening. The New Hampshire Colorectal Cancer Screening Program implemented a patient navigation (PN) intervention to increase colonoscopy screening among low‐income patients in health centers in New Hampshire. In the current study, the authors examined the cost‐effectiveness of this intervention.

Methods

A decision tree model was constructed using Markov state transitions to calculate the costs and effectiveness associated with PN. Costs were calculated for the implementation of PN in a statewide public health program and in endoscopy centers. The main study outcome was colonoscopy screening completion. The main decision variable was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio associated with the PN intervention compared with usual care.

Results

The average cost per screening with PN was $1089 (95% confidence interval, $1075‐$1103) compared with $894 with usual care (95% confidence interval, $886‐$908). Among patients who were navigated, approximately 96.2% completed colonoscopy screening compared with 69.3% of those receiving usual care (odds ratio, 11.2; P <. 001). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio indicated that 1 additional screening completion cost approximately $725 in a public health program and $548 in an endoscopy center with PN compared with usual care, both of which are less than the average Medicare reimbursement of $737 for a colonoscopy procedure.

Conclusions

PN was found to be cost‐effective in increasing colonoscopy screening among low‐income adults in the New Hampshire Colorectal Cancer Screening Program, even at the threshold of current Medicare reimbursement rates for colonoscopy. The results of the current study support the implementation of PN in statewide public health programs and endoscopy centers.
Germline mutations of renal cancer predisposition genes and clinical relevance in Chinese patients with sporadic, early‐onset disease
Authors: Wu Junlong , Wang Hongkai , Ricketts Christopher J. , Yang Youfeng , Merino Maria J. , Zhang Hailiang , Shi Guohai , Gan Hualei , Linehan W. Marston , Zhu Yao , Ye Dingwei
Published: December 2018

Background

An inherited susceptibility to renal cancers is associated with multiple predisposing genes, but most screening tests are limited to patients with a family history. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS)–based multigene panels provide an efficient and adaptable tool for investigating pathogenic germline mutations on a larger scale. This study investigated the frequency of pathogenic germline mutations in renal cancer predisposition genes in patients with sporadic, early‐onset disease.

Methods

An NGS‐based panel of 23 known and potential renal cancer predisposition genes was used to analyze germline mutations in 190 unrelated Chinese patients under the age of 45 years who presented with renal tumors. The detected variants were filtered for pathogenicity, and then their frequencies were calculated and correlated with clinical features. Germline variants of the fumarate hydratase (FH) and BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) genes were comprehensively analyzed because of their aggressive potential.

Results

In total, 18 patients (9.5%) had germline mutations in 10 genes. Twelve of these 18 patients had alterations in renal cancer predisposition genes (6.3%), and 6 patients had mutations in potential predisposition genes such as BRCA1/2. Notably, pathogenic mutation carriers had a significant family history in second‐degree relatives in comparison with those without pathogenic mutations (P < .001). Variants of unknown clinical significance in FH and BAP1 demonstrated evidence of additional somatic loss in tumors.

Conclusions

In patients with early‐onset disease, a multigene panel identified a high pathogenic germline mutation rate in renal cancer predisposition genes. This study emphasizes the importance of screening patients with early‐onset disease for mutations in cancer predisposition genes. Germline screening should be encouraged in early‐onset patients to provide personalized medicine and improve patient outcomes.
Enhanced Stability and Optical Absorption in the Perovskite‐Based Compounds MA1−xCsxPbI3−yBry
Authors: Chang Junli , Yuan Hongkuan , Wang Biao , Huang Yuhong , Chen Xiaorui , Chen Hong
Published: December 2018

Organometal halide perovskites have been outstanding from enormous amount of functional materials thanks to their highly cost‐effective processability and prominent light harvesting capacity. Unfortunately, poor long‐term stability seriously hinders their further development. The recent experimental observations suggest that Cesium is a promising candidate to enhance the stability of MAPbI3. To explore the inherent mechanism, a first‐principles investigation based on density functional theory, including hybrid functional, has been performed to analyze the electronic and optical properties of perovskite series MA0.75Cs0.25PbI3−yBry. The results indicate that perovskite compound MA0.75Cs0.25PbI2Br is significantly superior to the other doped series in terms of optical absorption within the visible‐light range. In the meanwhile, both Bader charge analysis and charge density distribution show that the compound of MA0.75Cs0.25PbI2Br is the most stable among all the doped perovskite series. Moreover, it is clearly manifested that the impact of cesium is mainly embodied in the enhancement of the stability rather than in the improvement of optical absorption. Our study sheds a new light on screening new‐type light harvesting materials, and provides theoretical insight into the rationale design of highly efficient and stable photovoltaic devices based on these functional materials.
Modulation of Excited‐State Proton‐Transfer Dynamics inside the Nanocavity of Microheterogeneous Systems: Microenvironment‐Sensitive Förster Energy Transfer to Riboflavin
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Biswakarma Dipen , Bajpai Alankriti , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: December 2018

The excited‐state proton‐transfer efficiency of a tetraarylpyrene derivative, 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(4‐hydroxy‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)pyrene (TDMPP), was investigated thoroughly in the presence of various surfactant assemblies, such as micelles and vesicles. The confined microheterogeneous environments can significantly retard the extent of the excited‐state proton‐transfer process, resulting in a distinguishable optical signal compared to that in the bulk medium. Physical characteristics of the surfactant assemblies, such as order, interfacial hydration, and surface charge, influence the proton transfer process and allow multiparametric sensing. A higher degree of interfacial hydration facilitates the proton‐transfer process, while the positively charged head groups of the surfactants specifically stabilize the anionic form of the probe (TDMPP−O*). Furthermore, Forster energy transfer from the probe to riboflavin was studied in a phospholipid membrane, wherein the relative ratio of the neutral versus anionic forms (TDMPP‐OH/TDMPP−O*) was found to influence the extent of energy transfer. Overall, we demonstrate how an ultrafast photophysical process, that is, the excited‐state proton transfer, can be influenced by the microenvironment.
Numerical Analysis of Thermal Stress in Semi‐Transparent Oxide Crystals Grown by Czochralski and EFG Methods
Authors: Stelian Carmen , Muzy Jessica , Labor Serge , Fivel Marc , Cabane Hugues , Duffar Thierry
Published: December 2018

Crystal growth of oxides is generally difficult since large curvatures of the growth interface in these systems generate high thermal stress, dislocations and crystal cracking. Three‐dimensional numerical modeling is applied to investigate thermal stress distribution in sapphire and langatate La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 (LGT) semi‐transparent crystals grown by Czochralski (Cz) and Edge‐defined Film‐fed Growth (EFG) techniques. The analysis of thermal stress distribution in a sapphire ingot grown in a Czochralski furnace shows high von Mises stresses distributed almost symmetrically on large areas in the crystal. Thermal stress computations for piezoelectric langatate crystals grown in a Czochralski configuration show non‐symmetrical von Mises distribution with higher stress on one side of the ingot. These numerical results are in agreement with experimental results showing non‐symmetrical cracking at the outer surface of the crystal. 3D modeling of multi‐die EFG growth of white sapphire ribbons shows that the von Mises stress is almost constant when the number of ribbons is increased from two to ten. Two models are applied to simulate the internal radiative heat transfer in the sapphire crystals: P1 approximation and the Rosseland radiation model. Numerical results show that applying Rosseland formula introduces significant errors in temperature field calculations especially in the case of the EFG configuration.
Aqueous‐Phase Transformation of Glucose into Hydroxymethylfurfural and Levulinic Acid by Combining Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Garcés Diego , Faba Laura , Díaz Eva , Ordóñez Salvador
Published: December 2018

Homogeneous (HCl) and heterogeneous catalysts (various zeolites) were combined to enhance the upgrading of glucose into two different platform molecules: 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA). β‐Zeolite was the most active material for the glucose isomerization to fructose, improving also the activity of HCl for the subsequent steps. Reaction time, temperature, and pH were then modified, identifying 140 °C, 200 ppm of HCl, and 5 h as the optimum conditions for HMF formation (41 % selectivity; 0.06 mol L−1) and 140 °C, 400 ppm of HCl, and 24 h for LA formation (34 % selectivity; 0.12 mol L−1). This new approach is also relevant because of significant changes to the mechanism for humins formation. All results are successfully fitted to a kinetic model simultaneously considering both catalytic mechanisms.
Design and analysis of differential ring voltage controlled oscillator for wide tuning range and low power applications
Authors: Askari Shirin , Saneei Mohsen
Published: December 2018

Voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is the most basic component required for all wireless and communication systems. In this article, a four‐stage differential ring VCO with two control voltages for wide tuning range is proposed. This VCO uses the dual‐delay loop technique for high operation frequency. Also, a low‐VT NMOS transistor is used in series with pull down network of the proposed VCO delay cell to achieve low frequencies. Prelayout simulation of the proposed VCO is performed in 65‐nm TSMC CMOS technology in Cadence software under 1.2‐V supply voltage. The tuning range of the proposed VCO varies from 1 MHz to 13.8 GHz and has been improved by 19.77% compared to other works. The power consumption of this low power VCO is between 29.3 μW to 1.715 mW. The phase noise of the proposed circuit is −82.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency and −106.9 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset frequency from 5.161 GHz center frequency, while its area is 102.457 μm2. This design demonstrates other benefits in low power consumption and area compared with other ring oscillators.
Long‐term evolution of the Old Rhine estuary: Unravelling effects of changing boundary conditions and inherited landscape
Authors: de Haas Tjalling , van der Valk Lambertus , Cohen Kim M. , Pierik Harm Jan , Weisscher Steven A. H. , Hijma Marc P. , van der Spek Ad J. F. , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: December 2018

The long‐term morphodynamic evolution of estuaries depends on a combination of antecedent topography and boundary conditions, including fluvial input, sea‐level change and regional‐landscape interactions. Identifying effects of such boundary conditions on estuary evolution is important to anticipate future changes in specific boundary conditions and for hindcasting with numerical and physical models. A comprehensive synthesis of the evolution of the former Old Rhine estuary is presented here, together with its boundary conditions over its full lifespan from 6,500 to 1,000 cal. yr bp. This system formed during a period of sea‐level high stand, during which the estuary served as the main River Rhine outlet. The estuary went through three stages of evolution: a maturation phase in a wide infilling back‐barrier basin, a stable mature phase and an abandoning phase, both in a laterally confined setting. The Old Rhine River formed by a river avulsion around 6,500 cal. yr bp that connected to a tidal channel within a large back‐barrier basin. Decelerating sea‐level rise caused the back‐barrier basin to silt up around 5,700 cal. yr bp, resulting in shoreline progradation by beach‐barrier formation until ∼2,000 cal. yr bp. Beach‐barrier formation along the coast and natural levee formation along the river triggered peat formation in the coastal plain, laterally constraining the estuary and limiting overbank deposition, which caused most sediment to accumulate offshore. The abandoning phase started around 2,200 cal. yr bp when a series of upstream avulsions led to a substantial reduction in fluvial input. This induced a period of enhanced estuarine overbank clay deposition that continued into near‐complete silting up and estuary closure around 1200 ad. These findings exemplify how tidal systems, formed in wide coastal plains during sea‐level high stand, depend on antecedent conditions, and how they respond to connection and disconnection of a large river over long, millennial timescales.
Radial Glia in Echinoderms
Authors: Mashanov Vladimir , Zueva Olga
Published: December 2018

Radial glial cells are crucial in vertebrate neural development and regeneration. It has been recently proposed that this neurogenic cell type might be older than the chordate lineage itself and might have been present in the last common deuterostome ancestor. Here, we summarize the results of recent studies on radial glia in echinoderms, a highly regenerative phylum of marine invertebrates with shared ancestry to chordates. We discuss the involvement of these cells in both homeostatic neurogenesis and post‐traumatic neural regeneration, compare the features of radial glia in echinoderms and chordates to each other, and review the molecular mechanisms that control differentiation and plasticity of the echinoderm radial glia. Overall, studies on echinoderm radial glia provide a unique opportunity to understand the fundamental biology of this cell type from evolutionary and comparative perspectives.
Developmental Exposure to Psychostimulant Primes Activity‐dependent Gene Induction in Frontal Cortex
Authors: Ye Yizhou , Liu Qing , Zhang Wenyu , Mastwal Surjeet , Wang Kuan Hong
Published: December 2018

Perinatal neurodevelopment involves extensive formation of neural connections and onset of activity‐dependent gene expression for synaptic function and plasticity. Exposure to psychostimulants at this stage imposes significant risks for developing cognitive and affective disorders later in life. However, how developmental exposure to psychostimulants may induce long‐lasting molecular changes relevant to neural circuit function remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the impacts of psychostimulant amphetamine on the activity‐dependent induction of synaptic adaptor molecule Arc in the frontal cortex of neonatal mice. We found that transient exposure to amphetamine not only amplifies activity‐dependent Arc mRNA expression immediately, but also potentiates subsequent induction of Arc mRNA in the absence of amphetamine. This priming effect is associated with a rapid and persistent increase in histone mono‐methylation (H3K4me1), a marker for transcriptionally permissive chromatin, at the Arc locus, but not any long‐lasting change in the phosphorylation of upstream transcription factor CREB. Furthermore, the increase in H3K4me1 at the Arc locus requires dopamine receptor signaling, and the priming of Arc expression correlates with the dopaminergic innervation pattern in the frontal cortex. Together, our results demonstrate that developmental exposure to psychostimulant amphetamine induces long‐lasting chromatin changes and primes activity‐dependent Arc gene induction. These findings reveal the molecular targets of psychostimulant during perinatal development that may contribute to long‐term psychiatric risks.
Identification of new urinary gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid markers applying untargeted metabolomics analysis following placebo‐controlled administration to humans
Authors: Steuer Andrea E. , Raeber Justine , Steuer Christian , Boxler Martina I. , Dornbierer Dario A. , Bosch Oliver G. , Quednow Boris B. , Seifritz Erich , Kraemer Thomas
Published: December 2018

Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a short‐chain fatty acid that occurs naturally in the mammalian brain and is prescribed as a medication against narcolepsy or used as a drug of abuse. Particularly, its use as a knock‐out drug in cases of drug‐facilitated crimes is of major importance in forensic toxicology. Because of its rapid metabolism and resulting narrow detection windows (<12 hours in urine), detection of GHB remains challenging. Thus, there is an urgent call for new markers to improve the reliable detection of GHB use. In the framework of a randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in 20 healthy male volunteers, urine samples obtained 4.5 hours post‐administration were submitted to untargeted mass spectrometry [MS, quadrupole time of flight (QTOF)] analysis to identify possible new markers of GHB intake. MS data from four different analytical methods (reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography; positive and negative electrospray ionization) were filtered for significantly changed features applying univariate and multivariate statistics. From the resulting 42 compounds of interest, 8 were finally identified including conjugates of GHB with carnitine, glutamate, and glycine as well as the endogenous compounds glycolate and succinylcarnitine. While GHB conjugates were only detectable in the GHB, but not in the placebo group, glycolate and succinylcarnitine were present in both groups albeit significantly increased through GHB intake. Untargeted metabolomics proved as a suitable tool for the non‐hypothesis driven identification of new GHB markers. However, more studies on actual concentrations, detection windows, and stability will be necessary to assess the suitability of these markers for routine application.
Insight into the Electron Density Distribution in an O,N‐Heterocyclic Stannylene by High‐Resolution X‐ray Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Chegerev Maxim G. , Piskunov Alexandr V. , Tsys Kseniya V. , Starikov Andrey G. , Jurkschat Klaus , Baranov Evgeny V. , Stash Adam I. , Fukin Georgy K.
Published: December 2018

In this paper we present the synthesis and results of a high‐resolution single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiment on the O,N‐heterocyclic stannylene (tBuAPSn) (1) containing the chelate ligand 4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐tert‐butyl‐o‐amidophenolate. The experimental work is accompanied by a charge density study based on a topological analysis according to quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) together with a NBO calculation of the crystal packing fragment containing a Sn‐Sn bond. According to QTAIM, the Sn‐Sn interaction is covalent (∇2ρ(r)<0,he(r)<0). In the view of NBO analysis, there are two donor‐acceptor bonding interactions between the tin atoms of adjacent molecules. The Sn‐Sn bond energy evaluated by the Espinosa‐Molins‐Lecomte correlation is equal to ‐ 9.1 kcal/mol. We carried out the investigation of source function not only in CP(3,‐1) on the Sn‐Sn bond but also on NCI‐defined isosurface (λ2<0). The source function shows that the electron density from the Sn basins extensively contributes to the formation of this Sn–Sn bond in1.
A Triply Operable Molecular Switch: Anion‐, Acid/Base‐ and Solvent‐Responsive [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Zhou He‐Ye , Han Ying , Shi Qiang , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: December 2018

A 2,6‐helic[6]arene‐based bistable [2]rotaxane has been designed and synthesized, which incorporates protonated tertiary ammonium salt as a reversible control unit and hexamethylene chain as a second binding site. In particular, it was found that [2]rotaxane could perform as a triply operable molecular switch through addition and removal of fluoride ions (TBAF/NaBArF), protonation and deprotonation of tertiary amine (HBArF/DBU), and altering the solvent polarity. It represents the first triply operable molecular switch based on helic[6]arenes.
Biomass‐derived Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co‐doped Hierarchical Micro/mesoporous Carbon Materials for High‐performance Non‐enzymatic H2O2 Sensing
Authors: Liu Sen , Han Tianyi , Wang Ziying , Fei Teng , Zhang Tong
Published: December 2018

Nitrogen and phosphorus co‐doped hierarchical micro/mesoporous carbon (N,P‐MMC) was prepared by simple thermal treatment of freeze‐dried okra in the absence of any other additives. The 0.96 wt % of N and 1.47 wt % of P were simultaneously introduced into the graphitic framework of N,P‐MMC, which also possesses hierarchical porous structure with mesopores centered at 3.6 nm and micropores centered at 0.79 nm. Most importantly, N,P‐MMC carbon exhibits excellent catalytic activity for electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2, resulting in a new strategy to construct non‐enzymatic H2O2 sensor. The N,P‐MMC‐based H2O2 sensor displays two linear detection range about 0.1 mM–10 mM (R2=0.9993) and 20 mM–200 mM (R2=0.9989), respectively. The detection limit is estimated to be 6.8 μM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. These findings provide insights into synthesizing functional heteroatoms doped porous carbon materials for biosensing applications.
JAK2 regulates mismatch repair protein‐mediated epigenetic alterations in response to oxidative damage
Authors: Ding Ning , Miller Sam A. , Savant Sudha S. , O'Hagan Heather M.
Published: December 2018

At sites of chronic inflammation epithelial cells undergo aberrant DNA methylation that contributes to tumorigenesis. Inflammation is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative DNA damage, which has also been linked to epigenetic alterations. We previously demonstrated that in response to ROS, mismatch repair proteins MSH2 and MSH6 recruit epigenetic silencing proteins DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) members to sites of DNA damage, resulting in transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). However, it was unclear what signal is unique to ROS that results in the chromatin binding of MSH2 and MSH6. Herein, we demonstrate that in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), JAK2 localizes to the nucleus and interacts with MSH2 and MSH6. Inhibition or knockdown of JAK2 reduces the H2O2‐induced chromatin interaction of MSH2, MSH6, DNMT1, and PRC2 members, reduces H2O2‐induced global increase in trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), and abrogates oxidative damage‐induced transcriptional repression of candidate TSGs. Moreover, JAK2 mRNA expression is associated with CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status in human colorectal cancer. Our findings provide novel insight into the connection between kinase activation and epigenetic alterations during oxidative damage and inflammation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:308–319, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractionation and release of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn from historically contaminated river sediment in Southern China: Effect of time and pH
Authors: Xu Xinrong , Huang Renlong , Liu Junguang , Shu Yuehong
Published: December 2018

The release of in situ heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], lead [Pb], manganese [Mn], and zinc [Zn]) from contaminated river sediment near a Cu–iron mine in South China was experimentally studied. The effects of pH values and the kinetics of heavy metal release were investigated. In addition, species of the 5 metals in the sediment were determined as a function of pH and time. Rates and extents of metal desorption were studied over 30 d, and a 3-parameter, 2-compartment model was used to analyze the desorption kinetics. The rate constants (ks) for the slowly desorbing fraction of heavy metals were found to be 5 to 6 orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding rate constants (kr) for the rapidly desorbing fraction, suggesting that slow desorption is the rate-limiting step. The partition coefficients (Kd) varied significantly among metals, on the order Pb > Cu >Zn > Cd > Mn, indicating that the sediment had a much higher retention capability for strongly hydrolyzed metals than for weakly hydrolyzed ones. The amount of metals released from the sediment decreased dramatically at the final pH of 2 to 4 and leveled off in the pH range of 5 to 8. Release time and pH exhibited a varied influence on the fractionation of metals, and had a more remarkable influence on more mobile fractions and hardly any effect on the residual fraction during the desorption process. The fractionation of strongly adsorbing metals like Pb was not as dependent on release time and pH as it was for the weakly bonded metals like Mn and Cd. The results indicate that in situ heavy metals may exhibit a sustainable potential for release and may increase health risks when the pH of the river is lowered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:464–473. © 2018 SETAC.
Mutational profiles of persistent/recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Rosko Andrew J. , Hoesli Rebecca C. , Foltin Susan K. , Swiecicki Paul , Mierzwa Michelle , Chinn Steven B. , Shuman Andrew G. , Malloy Kelly M. , Casper Keith A. , McLean Scott A. , Wolf Gregory T. , Bradford Carol R. , Prince Mark E. , Brenner John Chad , Spector Matthew E.
Published: December 2018

Background

We sought to describe targeted DNA sequencing data of persistent/recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to compare gene‐specific alteration frequencies with that of primary, untreated LSCC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Methods

The tumors of 21 patients with persistent/recurrent LSCC were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq Comprehensive Cancer Panel. Gene‐specific alteration frequencies were compared (Chi‐Square test) to primary, untreated LSCC sequencing data from TCGA using the cBioPortal platform.

Results

Persistent/recurrent LSCC was characterized by a high rate of inactivating alterations in TP53 (38.1%) and CDKN2A (33%), amplification events of CCND1 (19.1%), and ERBB2 (14.3%), and NOTCH1 (19.1%) mutations. Comparison of primary vs persistent/recurrent LSCC revealed significant differences in alteration frequencies of eight critical genes: BAP1, CDKN2A, DCUN1D1, MSH2, MTOR, PIK3CA, TET2, and TP53.

Conclusions

Our results provide preliminary support for a distinct mutational profile of persistent/recurrent LSCC that requires validation in larger cohorts.