bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Pedagogical Analysis of Teacher Education Programs in France And The USA
Authors: Alisov Evgenii A. , Podymov Nikolay A. , Postavnev Vladimir M. , Postavneva Irina V. , Ospanova Yaroslava N.
Published: August 2020

This article presents the results of comparative pedagogical studies that aim at determining the general and specific features of teacher education programs in France and the US. The study is based on binary comparisons and classical methods of comparative pedagogy, including comparative, descriptive and inductive-deductive. In the course of the study, the authors of the article determined conditions for efficient teacher training that are common to the French and US systems of higher education; established the key factor causing the specific functioning of education systems in France and the US; indicated the priority directions of designing teacher education programs in France and the US. The authors have interpreted the study results with due regard to the competency-based educational paradigm and determined trends that condition the general laws of designing educational programs.
Collective Subject in Implementation of STEM Technologies in Engineering Education
Authors: Gafurova Nataliia V. , Osipova Svetlana I. , Shubkina Olga Yu. , Kublitskaya Yuliya G. , Arnautova Evgeniya A.
Published: August 2020

Provision of quality of engineering education upon implementation of international CDIO initiative (Conceive – Design – Implement – Operate) results in implementation of new education technologies, in particular: STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). Its implementation allows to solve a set of educational issues concerning motivation of students from the first day by using integrated practically oriented assignments, step-by-step immersion into designing activity. Interdisciplinarity and integration, inherent in the STEM technology, assume moving out of a teacher as a holder of educational situation from his disciplinary area, would demand to be a co-participant of a student activity, his initiative in solving creative tasks. Successful realization of STEM technology depends significantly on new competences of teachers and managers, their capabilities to significant modifications of their occupational activity. Difficulty of implementation of STEM technology is related with unpreparedness of teachers and managers. This work is aimed at substantiation of necessary conditions providing readiness of managers, teachers, and students to implement the STEM technologies characterized as a collective subject. The experimental results serve as theoretical substantiation of the concept of formation of collective subjects (managers, teachers, students), determination of new functionality of managers, teachers, students, stepping of this process to provide implementation of STEM technology. The practical implementation was performed at the Federal innovation platform of Siberian Federal University: Model of system modifications in multilevel engineering education.
Coworking As Innovative Educational Content in Modern Higher Education
Authors: Ganicheva Alla , Kaitov Alexander , Nikitina Eleonora , Savenkova Tatiana Dmitrievna , Riekkinen Anne-Mari
Published: August 2020

The definition of “coworking” is just beginning to enter the orbit of Russian and foreign scientific research. Coworking spaces as innovative educational content in higher education are being created in Russian universities. The purpose of the study is the justification, development, and testing of a model of electronic coworking environment in the system of higher pedagogical education. At that, coworking environment is considered as an educational virtual cluster at which a basic platform for educational content is created with all educational products attached to it. The following methods of research were used to solve the tasks: design and modeling; the study of coworking environment products, chat conversations, questionnaires; and mathematical methods of result processing (quantitative and qualitative analysis of research results). The results of the study have revealed the advantages of coworking environment: successful socialization, minimization of time and economic resources, expansion of business partnerships, mutual assistance and a comfortable atmosphere. Analysis of studies on the criterion of coworking productivity revealed an increase in student mobility and an increase in the index satisfaction and communication effectiveness. Testing of the electronic coworking model proves its benefits and prospects of its introduction into the system of higher pedagogical education. The results can be used in social psychology, pedagogy, and practice.
Design and Implementation of Basic Department Operation Model
Authors: Khodakova Nina Pavlovna , Sukhova Elena Ivanovna , Smirnova Irina E. , Ilyushina Nataliya , Abdrashitova Tatyana Anatolievna
Published: August 2020

The article deals with an approach to designing and implementing the operation model for the basic department in the education quality control system at higher education institutions. The approach refers to university structure within the framework of network interaction between university and school employees. The authors describe the designed structure and main components of the operation model of the university basic department and list organizational and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the basic department model at university. The authors give a brief description and characterize the components required in the process of establishing the interaction: content-related, managerial and resulting. Within the framework of the model, the authors provide a brief personal characteristic of the head of the basic department that is essential and determines the key direction for development.

The developed model has been implemented at the Institute of pedagogy and psychology of education of the State autonomous general education institution of higher education “Moscow City University” in cooperation with Moscow schools.
Formative Assessment as A Factor in The Development of Student Personality
Authors: Korneva Elena N. , Kuzmishina Tatyana L.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the development of the personality of a university student in the training process and the importance of finding an effective way to train future specialists. The formative assessment method is considered as an important factor in the development of self-esteem and motivational sphere of a young person. The study purpose was to reveal the current level of self-esteem and the value orientations specifics of first-year students of the faculty of pedagogy and psychology. In the course of an empirical study, a formative assessment method was used in the learning process of an experimental group of students (100 people). This method is associated with the immersion of future specialists in the process of evaluating educational material, developing their methods of testing knowledge, etc. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of formative assessment for the development of personality and professional motivation of young people.
The Function of The System “Education Plus Upbringing” In the Context of The Purpose of a Person
Authors: Bayanov Kvinray Raevich
Published: August 2020

This paper deals with the definition of the “Education plus upbringing” system in the context of the purpose of the human being. The paper draws a demarcation line between the concepts of EDUCATION (in the sense of ’to educate’, ’to form’) and UPBRINGING (’the development of qualities’, ’the establishment of qualities’). This distinction has a clear quantified character. While education implies influencing a person through knowledge to form a scientific world view, the process of upbringing involves influencing them through images and examples to instill certain qualities that are in demand by the society and the state. The author demonstrates a semantic connection between the terms ’education’ and ’upbringing’ thought the concept of perception. The paper defines the purpose of life as an integral biosystem and the place and the role of the human being and ethnic groups within it. Based on this methodological message, the author outlines the purpose of the “Education plus upbringing” system.
The Problem of Confidence in Schoolteachers in The Context of New Normality
Authors: Brushkova Lyudmila Alexeevna , Gavrov Sergei Nazipovich , Zaia Iosif Yurjevich , Gevorkyan Artur Rudolfovuch , Manuilova Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: August 2020

The authors of the article have conducted a sociological study of the problem of confidence in schoolteachers in the Moscow region in autumn of 2019. They have interviewed teachers, students and their parents in the suburbs of Ramenskoye and the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo (these cities are located at different distances from Moscow), which has made it possible to see more clearly the socio-cultural specificity of the studied problem. In the article, the authors pay particular attention to the factors that affect mutual understanding between all the actors of the learning process. The authors conclude that the problem of confidence in schoolteachers is becoming more urgent, and the need for its systematic monitoring in schools appears. Considering the spread of distance learning, the authors of the article suggest that schoolteachers will face additional difficulties in building trusting relationships with students and their parents. The experience of the study, presented in the article, will be useful for finding solutions to the problem of confidence between all the actors of the learning process in changing conditions.
Management of The Formation of The Experience of Information Activities in Students Based on Work with Educational Texts
Authors: Desiajeva Natalia , Assuirova Larisa , Krivorotova Elvira , Nikolajeva Ekaterina , Khaymovich Lyudmila
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the research is to identify the influence of an educational text on the organisation of information activities of schoolchildren. Methods: content analysis, structural and semantic analysis of educational texts and the results of their interpretation. Research results: identification of features of the educational text as an information structure (the integrity of multi-layer content, reproducibility, presence of system connections with the thematic information field), description of the information activity of a complex of educational texts united by the function of updating the value attitude to knowledge, which can be represented in three main types: impersonal, authorised and personal. Each of these types is correlated with the level of perception of information by the student-reader, which can be a. detached and impersonal, b. in conscious collaboration with the author, c. to their own cognitive experience. As a result of the research, the basic information-significant structural components of educational texts are also identified: the title and the beginning correlated with the key meaning of the text, the means of axiological field and dialogisation.
Sociological Research on Russian Pupils’ Financial Literacy as an Element of Project Management of Russian Students’ Financial Education
Authors: Tyurikov Alexander Georgievich , Korablin Yuriy Alekseevich , Razov Pavel Viktorovich , Kibakin Mikhail Viktorovich , Bogatyrev Semen Yurievich
Published: August 2020

One of the differentiating characteristics and the main goal of this study has been to empirically study the financial literacy of modern Russian pupils and to determine their attitude to the problem of financial literacy in their everyday life. In order to solve the above goals, a set of sociological methods has been used, including a mass face-to-face survey of pupils from most regions of the country, a mass face-to-face online survey of students studying at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, in Moscow departments and departments of the regional branch network, an expert survey in regions of the Russian Federation, a content analysis of key electronic databases, e.g., the Russian State Library, the Library of Dissertations and Abstracts, the eLIBRARY.RU Scientific Electronic Library, a webometric analysis of more than 1,500 official websites of Russian regions on the problems under study, including the Usability and Visibility analysis. The authors have made some unique conclusions. Thus, more than ¾ of the modern youth understand the importance of financial literacy as an instrument to achieve their goals, and the goals demanded by the modern society. The main ones are to obtain education, to create a family, to achieve success in their career and professional growth, to establish their own business, etc. One important conclusion is as follows: the prospects for the use of deposits by today’s pupils, mortgage lending, leasing, and participation in mutual investment funds (MIFs) have a number of fundamental regional differences. Moreover, these regional differences among pupils as potential investors may be demanded by modern commercial financial and credit organizations for preparing promising medium-term development plans for their regional branches.
The Development of Self-Regulation in Gifted Adolescents in The Educational Center “Sirius”
Authors: Larionova Lyudmila Ignatyevna , Tsaplina Olga Viktorovna , Zverev Oleg Mikhaylovich , Mikhaleva Darya Viktorovna , Karaivanova Maria
Published: August 2020

This article presents the results of studying and improving the self-regulation of gifted adolescents. The authors have developed a special program of psychological and pedagogical support for adolescents with literary talents in order to improve their self-regulation. This program was tested at the “Sirius” Educational center for gifted children created by the “Talent and Success” Educational Foundation in Sochi. The authors used V.I. Morosanova’s concept of self-regulation for testing and forming the above-mentioned program. The study results demonstrate an increase in the self-regulation of gifted adolescents, whose main components are as follows: the ability to plan, model, evaluate and adjust mental states and actions to achieve certain goals.
Model of A Practice-Oriented Educational Program
Authors: Logachev Maxim Sergeevich , Semenova Olga Victorovna , Kulibaba Irina Viktorovna
Published: August 2020

One of the main educational problems in the Russian Federation in the past ten years is to organise a practice-oriented approach. This article substantiates this problem and provides possible ways to solve it. To establish important elements of the educational program to prepare highly qualified specialists, a model of practice-oriented educational programs is developed. It represents the educational process as a set of professional objectives for professional activities development. At the same time, a strong link is established between several academic disciplines represented by interdisciplinary courses. The professional task model is described in details to form an unambiguous understanding of the algorithm of actions performed, methods and tools used, potential risks and the final result. The results obtained can be used to unify the legal documentation that accompanies the educational process, and to compile practice-oriented educational courses or study guides.
Heterogeneity in colorectal cancer incidence among people recommended 3-yearly surveillance post-polypectomy: a validation study
Authors: Robbins Emma C. , Wooldrage Kate , Stenson Iain , Pack Kevin , Duffy Stephen , Weller David , Levin Theodore , Conell Carol , Wright Suzanne , Nickerson Claire , Martin Jessica , Cross Amanda J.
Published: August 2020

Background Colonoscopy surveillance is recommended for patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) following adenoma removal. Low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups are defined by baseline adenoma characteristics. We previously examined intermediate-risk patients from hospital data and identified a higher-risk subgroup who benefited from surveillance and a lower-risk subgroup who may not require surveillance. This study explored whether these findings apply in individuals undergoing CRC screening.

Methods This retrospective study used data from the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial (UKFSST), English CRC screening pilot (ECP), and US Kaiser Permanente CRC prevention program (KPCP). Screening participants (50 – 74 years) classified as intermediate-risk at baseline colonoscopy were included. CRC data were available through 2006 (KPCP) or 2014 (UKFSST, ECP). Lower- and higher-risk subgroups were defined using our previously identified baseline risk factors: higher-risk participants had incomplete colonoscopies, poor bowel preparation, adenomas ≥ 20 mm or with high-grade dysplasia, or proximal polyps. We compared CRC incidence in these subgroups and in the presence vs. absence of surveillance using Cox regression.

Results Of 2291 intermediate-risk participants, 45 % were classified as higher risk. Median follow-up was 11.8 years. CRC incidence was higher in the higher-risk than lower-risk subgroup (hazard ratio [HR] 2.08, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.07 – 4.06). Surveillance reduced CRC incidence in higher-risk participants (HR 0.35, 95 %CI 0.14 – 0.86) but not statistically significantly so in lower-risk participants (HR 0.41, 95 %CI 0.12 – 1.38).

Conclusion As previously demonstrated for hospital patients, screening participants classified as intermediate risk comprised two risk subgroups. Surveillance clearly benefited the higher-risk subgroup.
The First Reported Pediatric Case of Primary Myoepithelial Carcinoma Involving the Whole Lung: Surgical Radical Treatment and Prosthesis Implant
Authors: Filisetti Claudia , Russo Tiziana , Pansini Andrea , Vella Claudio , Viglio Camilla , Riccipetitoni Giovanna
Published: August 2020

Primary myoepithelial carcinoma of the lung (PMC-L) arising from the bronchial glands in lower respiratory tract is exceedingly rare. Thus far, few cases in adults and only one in a pediatric patient have been recorded. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PMC-L successfully removed in a child, focusing on the importance of multidisciplinary primary surgery for the treatment of this tumor. A 7-year-old girl was admitted for persistent cough and fever; she was unresponsive to oral antibiotics. Chest radiography showed loss of volume of left lung sustained by almost total atelectasis. After routine clinical investigations, she was referred for computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging that documented the presence of a mass occupying the entire left upper lobe, infiltrating the pulmonary hilum (main bronchus, pulmonary artery, superior pulmonary vein, and pericardium). After multidisciplinary evaluation, the histopathologic diagnosis of PMC-L was established using ultrasonography-guided transthoracic core needle biopsy and bronchoscopic biopsies. She was then subjected to left pneumonectomy under extracorporeal circulation and positioning of a thoracic expander filled with 200 mL of saline solution. The postoperative course was uneventful. With TREP (very Rare Tumor in Pediatric Age) consent radiotherapy was performed (61.2 Gy). At the 10-month follow-up, the patient was alive, breathing normally without any oxygen support, without recurrence of PMC-L or metastasis, and without any chest deformity. To our knowledge, this is the first case where a pediatric patient was successfully operated for PMC-L involving the whole lung. Extracorporeal circulation enabled us to perform radical primary surgery. Prosthesis implant not only maintained normal chest expansion but also allowed focused radiotherapy, thus enabling us to prevent damage to vital organs.
From sociology of quantification to ethics of quantification
Authors: Saltelli Andrea , Di Fiore Monica
Published: August 2020

Quantifications are produced by several disciplinary houses in a myriad of different styles. The concerns about unethical use of algorithms, unintended consequences of metrics, as well as the warning about statistical and mathematical malpractices are all part of a general malaise, symptoms of our tight addiction to quantification. What problems are shared by all these instances of quantification? After reviewing existing concerns about different domains, the present perspective article illustrates the need and the urgency for an encompassing ethics of quantification. The difficulties to discipline the existing regime of numerification are addressed; obstacles and lock-ins are identified. Finally, indications for policies for different actors are suggested.
Public Service Broadcasting-Friends groups as a microcosm of public interest media advocacy
Authors: Ganter Sarah Anne , Herzog Christian , Milton Viola Candice
Published: August 2020

This article is concerned with the interdependencies between public service broadcasters and the third sector, an area in which there is little research that has provided in-depth analysis of case studies. It investigates and compares three public service broadcasting (PSB)-Friends groups in the UK, Australia, and South Africa. By means of analyzing semi-structured interviews and archival data, we address development, institutionalization and policy impact of the Voice of the Listener & Viewer, ABC-Friends, and SOS Coalition. Drawing on resource-mobilization theory we argue that, in particular, material, human, and informational resources, contextualized with political opportunities, have analytic value in explaining similarities and differences between the groups, which are conceived as a microcosm of public interest media advocacy.
Using rotation to remove dust
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: August 2020

Investigators develop and validate a rotational force test method that uses centrifugal force to sweep dust from important surfaces, such as the front glass on photovoltaic systems.
Vacuum arc transient behaviors and voltage characteristics in low-current DC interruption under rotating TMF
Authors: Ma Hui , Wang Jingyi , Liu Shaowei , Hu Feiliang , Liu Zhiyuan , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua
Published: August 2020

The objective of this work is to determine the relationship between the vacuum arc transient behaviors and voltage characteristics in low-current DC interruption under a rotating transverse magnetic field (TMF). An external rotating TMF was generated by two pairs of Helmholtz coils, set at right angles. The phase angle of alternating currents in the two Helmholtz coils was shifted by 90°. The rotating frequency was 230 Hz, with a peak flux density of 32 mT. The contact material was CuCr25 (25% Cr), with a diameter of 18 mm. The DC vacuum arc appearance was recorded by using a high-speed CCD video camera. The experimental results indicate that the voltage characteristics were closely related to the DC vacuum arc transient behaviors. In low-current DC interruption under a rotating TMF, vacuum arcs experienced two main stages of evolution, a constriction and motion stage and an unstable stage. The increase in the arc voltage, caused by the unstable state of the cathode spot group located at the edge of the contacts and the stretched state of the DC vacuum arc column, was the key for DC vacuum successful interruption under the rotating TMF. Moreover, the interruption characteristics of the DC vacuum arc were quite sensitive to the contact separation length and the rotating TMF flux density. The duration of the total interruption process decreased with the increase in the rotating TMF flux density, which mainly affected the duration of the constriction and motion stage in the DC vacuum interruption.
Excellent ferroelectricity of 50 nm-thick doped HfO2 thin films induced by annealing with a rapid-heating-temperature process
Authors: Quan Zhiyong , Wang Meimei , Zhang Xiao , Liu Huihui , Zhang Wei , Xu Xiaohong
Published: August 2020

The ferroelectric HfO2 thin film has attracted a lot of research interest due to being Pb free and its excellent compatibility with the Si-based semiconductor process. However, methods to obtain thicker HfO2 thin films with strong ferroelectricity have yet to be explored. In this work, a 50 nm-thick La-doped HfO2 thin film was prepared using pulsed laser deposition, and significant room temperature ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (Pr) of 27 µC/cm2 was achieved through annealing in N2 with a rapid-heating-temperature process. The ferroelectricity is mainly related to the increase in the content of the (002)-oriented orthogonal phase formed by the rapid-heating-temperature treatment. Furthermore, this special annealing process was verified in a 50 nm-thick Tm-doped HfO2 film, and the Pr of 48 µC/cm2 was observed. This value is the highest value reported so far in doped HfO2 films with a thickness of 50 nm or greater. These results provide a new approach to prepare thicker ferroelectric HfO2-based thin films.
Kinetic study of transverse electron-scale interface instability in relativistic shear flows
Authors: Yao Peilin , Cai Hongbo , Yan Xinxin , Zhang Wenshuai , Du Bao , Tian Jianmin , Zhang Enhao , Wang Xuewu , Zhu Shaoping
Published: August 2020

Interfacial magnetic field structures induced by transverse electron-scale shear instability (mushroom instability) are found to be strongly associated with electron and ion dynamics, which in turn will influence the development of the instability itself. We find that high-frequency electron oscillations are excited normal to the shear interface. Also, on a larger time scale, the bulk of the ions are gradually separated under the influence of local magnetic fields, eventually reaching an equilibrium related to the initial shear conditions. We present a theoretical model of this behavior. Such separation on the scale of the electron skin depth will prevent different ions from mixing and will thereafter restrain the growth of higher-order instabilities. We also analyze the role of electron thermal motion in the generation of the magnetic field, and we find an increase in the instability growth rate with increasing plasma temperature. These results have potential for providing a more realistic description of relativistic plasma flows.
A density functional theory study on the interface stability between CsPbBr3 and CuI
Authors: Welch Eric W. , Jung Young-Kwang , Walsh Aron , Scolfaro Luisa , Zakhidov Alex
Published: August 2020

This paper assesses the interface stability of the perovskite CsPbBr3 and transport layer CuI using density functional theory and band offset calculations. As a low-cost, more stable alternative to current hole transport materials, CuI may be used to template the epitaxial growth of perovskites such as CsPbBr3 owing to a 1% lattice constant mismatch and larger bulk modulus. We compare all eight atomic terminations of the interfaces between the (100) low-energy facet for both CsPbBr3 and CuI, increasing material thickness to consider charge density redistribution and bonding characteristics between surface and bulk-like regions. A low energy atomic termination is found to exist between these materials where alternating charge accumulation and depletion regions stabilize bonds at the interface. Band offset calculations reveal a type I straddling gap offset in the bulk shifting to a type II staggered gap offset as the thickness of the materials is increased, where the built-in potential changes as layer thickness increases, indicating the tunability of charge separation at the interface. CuI may, thus, be used as an alternative hole transport layer material in CsPbBr3 optoelectronic devices.
Luer-lock valve: A pre-fabricated pneumatic valve for 3D printed microfluidic automation
Authors: Nie Minghao , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: August 2020

3D printed microfluidic devices are made of stiff and easy-to-fatigue materials and hence are difficult to have robust pneumatic valves. In this work, we describe a type of prefabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) valves, named the “Luer-lock” valve, which can be incorporated in 3D printed microfluidic devices utilizing the Luer-lock mechanism. Luer-lock design has been adopted for fluidic connections worldwide; it is facile, reliable, and inexpensive. To take advantage of the Luer-lock design, we added “valve ports” to our 3D printed microfluidic devices; prefabricated PDMS valve modules could be embedded into these valve ports, in a leak-free manner, by screwing tight the Luer-locks. In the experiment, we succeeded in fabricating pneumatic valves with a footprint diameter of 0.8 mm and verified the functionality of these valves with a shut-off pressure of 140 mbar and a maximal switching frequency of ∼1 Hz. As a demonstration, we show the serial encoding of core–shell hydrogel microfibers using the Luer-lock valves. Since the Luer-lock valves can be mass-produced and the CAD model of Luer-locks can be easily distributed, we believe that our approach has the potential to be easily adopted by researchers around the globe.
Cats and llamas could offer a path to coronavirus therapies
Authors: Kramer David
Published: August 2020

Computation and experimentation also yield possible therapeutic compounds for COVID-19.
Performance of lactating buffaloes in pasture supplemented with palm-kernel cake
Authors: Galvão L. T. O. , Reis G. C. , Silva C. C. , Pinto A. S. , Santos D. M. , Lima E. M. , Gomes D. I. , Oliveira L. R. S. , Alves K. S. , Santos P. M. , Mezzomo R.
Published: August 2020

Context
Palm-kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product widely evaluated as a feed additive in several species of ruminant animals. However, no information of its use in buffaloes is observed. Thus, considering the characteristics of PKC and that buffaloes are able to digest greater amounts of fibre than are other animals, it is thought that PKC can be used as a supplement for lactating buffaloes in pasture.

Aims
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation and the inclusion of PKC instead of conventional concentrate ingredients on the production and composition of milk, intake and nutrient digestibility of lactating buffaloes in pasture during the dry season.

Methods
Five crossbred buffaloes with average bodyweight of 641.45 ± 45.87 kg were used and distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square-design experiment. The treatments consisted in one treatment with mineral salt supplementation (cows fed just forage; MSS control group), and four other treatments in which the cows grazed and received 3 kg/day of concentrated supplementation. The four treatments with concentrated supplementation had different inclusion levels of PKC as a supplement, which were 0%, 30.24%, 66.38% and 90.62% of dry matter (DM) replacing corn and soybean meal. A contrast between the treatment with mineral salt supplementation (MSS control group) versus the four treatments supplemented with concentrate was analysed. In addition, to analyse the effect of inclusion of PKC in the concentrate supplement, the linear and quadratic effects were analysed by decomposing the sum of squares of each level of inclusion of PKC.

Key results
There was no difference (P > 0.05) in pasture DM intake among the supplemented animals and the control-group animals (MSS). The supplemented animals (regardless of the level of inclusion of PKC) had higher (P < 0.05) fat-corrected milk production and a higher percentage of fat and lactose in the milk than did the MSS control-group animals. The intake of the supplement, crude protein and total digestible nutrients showed a decreasing linear effect (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of PKC. The daily milk production showed a decreasing linear effect (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of PKC in the concentrate.

Conclusions
Concentrate supplementation for lactating buffaloes in pasture increases the amount of fat in the milk and the production of energy-corrected milk. The inclusion of PKC in concentrate supplement, replacing corn and soybean meal, decreases supplement intake and milk production.

Implications
The data suggested that PKC reduced milk solids when replacing conventional concentrate ingredients; however, PKC supplements stimulated milk yield when compared with mineral salt supplementation (MSS control group). Therefore, if the inclusion of PKC reduces feeding costs, it is an economic source of supplement to promote milk production.
Disaster preparedness to exotic and emerging infections
Authors: Heslop David J
Published: August 2020

Exotic and emerging infectious diseases are emerging more frequently, and impacting more profoundly, all of humanity. Disasters risk reduction efforts over the preceding decades, culminating in the Hyogo and Sendai frameworks, have provided a roadmap for all countries to address emerging disaster related risks. Sudden onset or surprise epidemics of exotic or emerging diseases have the potential to exceed the adaptive capacity of countries and international efforts and lead to widespread unmitigated pandemics with severe flow on impacts. In this article pandemic preparedness is viewed through the lens of international disaster risk reduction and preparedness efforts. Preparing for the unknown or unexpected infectious disease crisis requires different approaches than the traditional approaches to disaster related epidemic events. Countries must be able to position themselves optimally through deliberate planning and preparation to a position where future exotic or emerging infections can be managed without overwhelming public health, and other societal resources.
Another story
Authors: Rodríguez Louro Celeste , Richard Sophie L. R. , Bharadwaj Sana
Published: August 2020

Quotativebe likehas been described as “one of the most striking developments [in English]” (Tagliamonte and D’Arcy 2004: 493). Despite the vast research on quotatives and the upsurge ofbe like, the potential impact of discourse type on the grammar of quotation has rarely been assessed. Yet, discourse type has proved a relevant factor in linguistic variation (seeTravis 2007;Buchstaller 2011;Travis and Lindstrom 2016). Drawing on vernacular spoken data from our multigenerational corpus of Australian English, we include discourse type as a predictor in our recursive partitioning and logistic regression models. Our results show that similar linguistic constraints operate onbe likeacross discourse types. However, significant differences emerge regarding its social conditioning in narrative as opposed to non-narrative discourse, pointing to a strong association betweenbe likeand female storytelling.
Seagrass meadows provide multiple benefits to adjacent coral reefs through various microhabitat functions
Authors: Du Jianguo , Hu Wenjia , Nagelkerken Ivan , Sangsawang Laddawan , Loh Kar Hoe , Ooi Jillian Lean-Sim , Liao Jianji , Zheng Xinqing , Qiu Shuting , Chen Bin
Published: August 2020

Tropical seagrass meadows and coral reefs often function as interconnected marine habitats, but they are often studied and managed as homogenous units. As macrohabitats, seagrass meadows provide important benefits to adjacent reef ecosystems by acting as natural filters of sediments and nutrients, and by providing critical feeding, nursery, and refuge habitats for reef fishes and other fauna. Whilst the macrohabitat functions of seagrass meadows have been often acknowledged, their microhabitats functions have largely been neglected. The purpose of the study is to explore how seagrass meadows provide multiple benefits to adjacent coral reefs through various microhabitat functions. The paper reveals some of the diversity of microhabitats that seagrass meadows contain, such as macroalgal mats, rubble cavities, sand patches with sparse seagrass, anemone gardens, hard substratum, and sponges mixed with seagrass. We highlight the ways in which reef creatures have diversified and specialized in using these different microhabitats, and postulate that seagrass microhabitat diversity enhances the habitat function and faunal diversity of seagrass meadows.
High figure-of-merit in the heavy-fermion UN2 system for radioisotope thermoelectric applications
Authors: Zhou Z Z , Fan D D , Liu H J , Liu J
Published: August 2020

The design of uranium-based thermoelectric (TE) materials presents a novel and intriguing strategy for directly converting nuclear heat into electrical power. Using high-level first-principles approach combined with accurate solution of Boltzmann transport equation, we demonstrate that a giant n-type power factor of 13.8 mW m−1 K−2 and a peak ZT value of 2.2 can be realized in the heavy-fermion UN2 compound at 700 K. Such promising TE performance arises from the large degeneracy (N
v = 14) of heavy conduction band coupled with weak electron–phonon interactions, which is in principle governed by the strong Coulomb correlation among the partially filled U-5f electrons in the face-centered cubic structure. Collectively, our theoretical work suggests that the energetic UN2 could serve as both excellent heat source and efficient power convertor, which also uncovers an underexplored area for TE research.
High-performance x-ray source based on graphene oxide-coated Cu2S nanowires grown on copper film
Authors: Zhang Daoshu , Zhang Siyuan , He Ke , Wang Libin , Sui Fan , Hong Xuda , Li Weiwei , Li Nianci , Jia Meiling , Li Weimin , Wang Zhixun , Wang Zongpeng , Du Bi , Wei Lei , Feng Ye , Zhong Guohua , Li Wenjie , Chen Jun , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2020

Full static x-ray computed tomography (CT) technology has enabled higher precision and resolution imaging and has been applied in many applications such as diagnostic medical imaging, industrial inspection and security screening. In this technique, the x-ray source section is mainly composed of a thermionic cathode and electron beam scanning system. However, they have several shortcomings such as limited scanning angle, long response time and large volume. Distributed and programmable cold cathode (i.e. carbon nanotubes, ZnO nanowires (NWs)) field-emission x-ray sources are expected to solve these problems. However, there have been several long-standing challenges to the application of such cold field emitters for x-ray sources, such as the short lifetime and rigorous fabrication process, which have fundamentally prevented their widespread use. Here, we propose and demonstrate a cold field-emission x-ray source based on a graphene oxide (GO)-coated cuprous sulfide nanowire (Cu2S NW/GO) cathode. The proposed Cu2S NW/GO x-ray source provides stable emission (>18 h at a direct voltage of 2600 V) and has a low threshold (4.5 MV m−1 for obtaining a current density of 1 μA cm−2), benefiting from the demonstrated key features such as in situ epitaxy growth of Cu2S NWs on Cu, nanometer-scale sharp protrusions within GO and charge transfer between the Cu2S NWs and GO layer. Our research provides a simple and robust method to obtain a high-performance cold field emitter, leading to great potential for the next generation of x-ray source and CT.
Detective quantum efficiency of intensified CMOS cameras for Cherenkov imaging in radiotherapy
Authors: Alexander Daniel A , Bruza Petr , Farwell J Cedar M , Krishnaswamy Venkat , Zhang Rongxiao , Gladstone David J , Pogue Brian W
Published: August 2020

In this study the metric of detective quantum efficiency (DQE) was applied to Cherenkov imaging systems for the first time, and results were compared for different detector hardware, gain levels and with imaging processing for noise suppression. Intensified complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras using different image intensifier designs (Gen3 and Gen2+) were used to image Cherenkov emission from a tissue phantom in order to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) of the systems. These parameters were used to calculate the DQE for varying acquisition settings and image processing steps. MTF curves indicated that the Gen3 system had superior contrast transfer and spatial resolution than the Gen2+ system, with

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values of 0.52 mm−1 and 0.31 mm−1, respectively. With median filtering for noise suppression, these values decreased to 0.50 mm−1 and 0.26 mm−1. The maximum NPS values for the Gen3 and Gen2+ systems at high gain were 1.3 × 106 mm2 and 9.1 × 104 mm2 respectively, representing a 14x decrease in noise power for the Gen2+ system. Both systems exhibited increased NPS intensity with increasing gain, while median filtering lowered the NPS. The DQE of each system increased with increasing gain, and at the maximum gain levels the Gen3 system had a low-frequency DQE of 0.31%, while the Gen2+ system had a value of 1.44%. However, at a higher frequency of 0.4 mm−1, these values became 0.54% and 0.03%. Filtering improved DQE for the Gen3 system and reduced DQE for the Gen2+ system and had a mix of detrimental and beneficial qualitative effects by decreasing the spatial resolution and sharpness but also substantially lowering noise. This methodology for DQE measurement allowed for quantitative comparison between Cherenkov imaging cameras and improvements to their sensitivity, and yielded the first formal assessment of Cherenkov image formation efficiency.
Transient non-classical transport in the hollow cathode plume II: evaluation of models for the anomalous collision frequency
Authors: Georgin Marcel P , Jorns Benjamin A
Published: August 2020

The ability of fluid-based closure models to describe the non-classical electron collision frequency in the plume of a hollow cathode is experimentally investigated. Six models—all predicated on the assumption that the non-classical collision frequency can be attributed to ion acoustic turbulence (IAT)—are considered. Experimental measurements of the time-resolved plasma properties in the cathode plume (Georgin M P, Jorns B A and Gallimore A D 2020 PlasmaSources Sci. Technol, 29 105010) are used to evaluate each closure model and compare it to experimental measurements of the effective electron collision frequency. Though more than one of the considered closures can predict the time-average behavior of the plasma in the cathode plume, it is found that only one model accurately predicts the measurements in both space and time for the cathode and operating conditions that were studied. This new highest fidelity model is derived using a single-equation approach based on modeling the average frequency of the IAT as it evolves in space and time. The implications of the success of this model are discussed in the context of the understanding of the dynamics of the IAT in the cathode plume as well as on-going fluid-based modeling efforts related to cathode plumes.
Design and Implementation of CNC System for WEDM Machine Tool Based on Active Object
Authors: Yuanlong Chen , Zhuangzhuang Wang , Bolin Dong
Published: August 2020

A software framework design method for embedded real-time control system is proposed for the conversion of internal behavior state of CNC machine tool control system. This method uses the active object calculation model to plan and model the internal state of the linear cutting CNC system. On this basis, an open machine tool control system is built, and the design of the linear cutting machine bed control system is realized. The system design realizes the middle layer of the system based on a lightweight framework, and truly realizes the separation of the hardware and software of the control system. Each object is independent of each other and does not share resources. Information events are distributed through the “Publication-Subscription” method, and the line is designed to be cut. It can solve the problem of poor reconstruction ability of the original system and improve the portability of the system.
Influencing factors of self-rotating micro device based on water droplet
Authors: Guan Fusheng , Sun Jing
Published: August 2020

Self-propelling micro devices, which means moving spontaneously without traditional motor, have been widely studied in recent years. We proposed a new kind of self-rotating micro device based on water droplet, which can achieve rotating without any external energy. It can transform surface energy of the water droplet into kinetic energy of the micro device. And the feasibility experiment showed that the micro device work well, the numerical analysis of the micro device about the rotating velocity varied with the different center distance and number of the inclined pores provided us an empirical equation to predict the rotating property of the micro device, and an application model in micro generator field was proposed. The self-rotating micro device is a totally original self-propelling device with a green propelling mechanism to the environment.
Design and Research on the detection system of controllable distance measuring device
Authors: Gan Yong , Zhang Qiufeng , Luan Junkai , Jia Cuiyun
Published: August 2020

In view of the defects of the existing hand-held Multimeter in measurement, such as difficult to operate and low measurement accuracy, a new type of component measurement device based on controllable distance expansion is proposed, and its detection system is designed and studied based on the device. By using LabVIEW programming software as the development environment and calling DAQ assistant function to configure the relevant voltage and current parameters, the DAQ acquisition board module integrated in the measurement device realizes the interactive communication between the data, and realizes the voltage and current acquisition of the system control. The experimental results show that the system can detect the voltage, current or resistance of components quickly, and the system has strong readability and high data precision.
A new Construction Method of Vehicle Digital Camouflage Spraying Model
Authors: Zhang Qirong , Jin Xin , Liu Qi , Zou Yuchu
Published: August 2020

Digital camouflage plays an important role in improving the combat performance of vehicles. The reconstruction of the spraying model of the automobile surface can improve the automation level of the digital camouflage painting operation. The surface digital camouflage spraying model construction method is a processing flow that incorporates a variety of technical methods, including surface point cloud data collection technology, point cloud synthesis and segmentation method, surface model reconstruction method and spray pattern fusion technology. Four linear laser sensors are used to scan the vehicle surface to obtain the local point cloud data of the vehicle. The vehicle CAD model and the painting pattern figures are analysed. And the region growing segmentation method is used to subdivide the scanned point cloud data. For the point cloud after partitioning, the point set of the digital camouflage pattern is directly searched by using the constructed discrete metric. Then each point cloud is merged with the 2D camouflage pattern to obtain the digital camouflage spraying model of the vehicle surface.
Mechanical Influence Analysis and Experimental Study of 3D Printing Fault
Authors: Lianghua Zeng
Published: August 2020

The occurrence of faults in 3D printing is random. Faults in the printing have a great influence on printing quality, which may affect the surface quality, dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of the printed part. Serious malfunctions can cause printing to fail, resulting in waste. In order to better understand the influence mechanism and extent of faults on printed parts, the paper conducts the analysis of generation mechanism and mechanical influence of two types of printing faults such as congealed tumor and overhang printing based on experiments. The paper also summarizes the mathematical expressions of the influence of printing fault, which aims to provide a reference for further fault monitoring, removing and compensating.