bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Η επίδραση της αρτηριακής ισχαιμίας στην επούλωση της ρήξης του αχίλλειου τένοντα
Authors: Μυστίδης Παναγιώτης
Published: August 2021

Σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής είναι να ερευνηθεί η επίδραση της αρτηριακής ισχαιμίας στην επούλωση ρήξεως του Αχιλλείου τένοντα σε επιμύες.Υλικό – μέθοδος:Στη παρούσα έρευνα μετείχαν 60 άρρενες επίμυες ποικιλίας Wistar ηλικίας 6 μηνών. Τα πειραματόζωα υπεβλήθησαν σε διατομή Αχιλλείου τένοντα και μελετήθηκε η πορεία επούλωσης σε ομάδες με ακέραιο αγγειακό δίκτυο και σε ομάδες με αρτηριακή ισχαιμία.Η ισχαιμία επιτεύχθει σύμφωνα με το μοντέλο ισχαιμίας της (V Hanzlikovaanl et al.) το οποίο περιλαμβάνει διπλή απολίνωση και διατομή της κοιλιακής αορτής υπεράνω του διχασμού της, σε συνδυασμό με απολίνωση και εκτομή της μηριαίας αρτηρίας. Τα πειραματόζωα χωρίστηκαν σε 6 ομάδες των 10 επιμύων έκαστη.Οι επίμυες θυσιάστηκαν στη 1η, 2η και 4η εβδομάδα. Σε κάθε χρονική στιγμή έγιναν μακροσκοπικές, ιστολογικές και εμβιομηχανικές μελέτες για να εκτιμηθεί η επούλωση των τενόντων.Αποτελέσματα:Κατά τη διατακτική μελέτη καταγράφηκαν1) η δύναμη έναρξης ρήξης του τένοντα Fmax 2) η ακαμψία – σκληρότητα ( Stiffness) του τένοντα 3) η μηχανική αντοχή W. Υπήρξε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά των τιμών των δυνάμεων (Fmax) έναρξης ρήξης του τένοντα και της μηχανικής αντοχής των τενόντων μεταξύ των ομάδων ελέγχου και πειράματος τόσο στη 1η όσο και στη 2η εβδομάδα.Η ακαμψία – σκληρότητα δεν παρουσιάζει στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά για την 1η, 2η εβδομάδα και 4η εβδομάδα ελέγχου ανάμεσα στις ομάδες παρέμβασης και μαρτύρων.Κατά την ιστολογική μελέτη όλα τα παρασκευάσματα μελετήθηκαν υπό τις ίδιες συνθήκες κατά τυφλό τρόπο ή δε εκτίμηση έγινε με τη βοήθεια φωτομικροσκοπίου και πολωμένου φωτός. Αποδείχτηκε στα ιστολογικά ευρήματα της μελέτης μας ότι άμεσα, μετεγχειρητικά ( στα πρώτα στάδια της επούλωσης) η ισχαιμία έχει αρνητική επίδραση στην επούλωση ( Υπολείπεται σε σχέσεις με τις ομάδες χωρίς ισχαιμία).Την 4η εβδομάδα ελέγχου δεν υπήρχαν σημαντικές διαφορές και για τις δύο ομάδες.Υπήρξε δε απόλυτη συσχέτιση και ταύτιση των ιστολογικών αποτελεσμάτων με τα αποτελέσματα της δοκιμασίας διάτασης.ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑΗ ισχαιμία δεν προκαλεί αναστολή – διακοπή του μηχανισμού επούλωσης Δεν καταγράφεται από την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων κάποια σημαντική παρενέργεια ή επιπλοκή όπως χονδρογενή μεταπλασία, εστιακή νέκρωση, μυξοματοειδής εκφύλιση κ. άΗ αρτηριακή ισχαιμία επηρεάζει αρνητικά στα πρώιμα στάδια την επούλωση με αποτέλεσμα αδύναμη ουλή η οποία χρειάζεται μεγαλύτερη προστασία από φορτία για την άμεση μετεγχειρητική περίοδο.Στο τέλος της θεραπείας επούλωσης οι ιδιότητες του τένοντα δεν είναι κατώτερες εμβιομηχανικά, ιστολογικά και λειτουργικά.Κατά τα πρώτα στάδια της επούλωσης έχουμε μια αρνητική επίδραση (καθυστέρηση) χωρίς όμως επιβράδυνση της διαδικασίας η οποία ολοκληρώνεται στον ανάλογο χρόνο.Η ισχαιμία δεν αυξάνει την νεοαγγείωση κατά τα πρώτα στάδια της επούλωσης του τένοντα ή μετά.Χρειάζεται περαιτέρω έρευνα, αλλά είναι πιθανόν η επούλωση να είναι δυνατή με μία χρονική καθυστέρηση
Καμπύλες χρόνων διαδρομής και δομή του φλοιού στον νότιο βαλκανικό χώρο
Authors: Παναγιωτόπουλος Δημήτριος
Published: August 2021

Η συγκεκριμένη διδακτορική διατριβή αποτέλεσε μέρος ενός ευρύτερου προγράμματος του Εργαστηρίου Γεωφυσικής του Τμήματος Γεωλογίας του ΑΠΘ, το οποίο είχε ώς στόχο τον ακριβέστερο καθορισμό των σεισμικών εστιών στο νότιο βαλκανικό χώρο και την καλύτερη γνώση των ιδιοτήτων του φλοιού και του ανώτερου μανδύα στον χώρο αυτό.Στο 1ο κεφάλαιο, που αποτελεί την εισαγωγή, δίνονται οι βασικοί ορισμοί και επεξηγούνται οι ουσιαστικότερες έννοιες που σχετίζονται με το αντικείμενο της διατριβής. Στο ίδιο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια εμπεριστατωμένη ανασκόπηση της ερευνητικής δουλειάς που είχε γίνει στην Ευρώπη πάνω στο θέμα της δομής του φλοιού της Γης. Γινεται, επίσης, στο κεφάλαιο αυτό, σύντομη ανασκόπηση της ερευνητικής δουλειάς που είχε γίνει μέχρι τότε στο πρόβλημα της δομής του φλοιού στο νότιο Βαλκανικό χώρο.Στο 2ο κεφάλαιο, αναπτύσσεται λεπτομερώς η μεθοδολογία που εφαρμόζεται για τη συμβολή στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της δομής του φλοιού της Γης στην υπο μελέτη περιοχή και δίνονται όλα τα απαραίτητα στοιχεία που αφορούν τα πρωτότυπα δεδομένα παρατήρησης απο φορητά και μόνιμα δίκτυα σεισμολογικών σταθμών, που κατέγραψαν 2 μεγάλες μετασεισμικές ακολουθίες του Ελληνικού χώρου και που χρησιμοποιούνται στη διατριβή αυτή (Θεσσαλονίκης 1978 και Αλκυονίδων 1981).Στο 3ο κεφάλαιο, δίνονται τα αποτελέσματα της διατριβής που αφορούν τις καμπύλες χρόνων διαδρομής των επιμήκων κυμάτων, Pg, για επικεντρικές αποστάσεις μεταξύ 0 και 100km και των επιμήκων κυμάτων, Pn, για επικεντρικές αποστάσεις μεταξύ 180 και 1000km. Υπολογίστηκε η ταχύτητα των επιμήκων κυμάτων, Pg, του γρανιτικού στρώματος του φλοιού με τιμή ίση με 6,0 km/sec και η ταχύτητα των επιμήκων κυμάτων, Pn, αμέσως κάτω απο την ασυνέχεια ΜΟΗΟ στον ανώτερο μανδύα ίση με 7,9 km/secΣτο 4ο κεφάλαιο, δίνονται τα αποτελέσματα της διατριβής που αφορούν τα πάχη των στρωμάτων του φλοιού τόσο στο κεντρικό-ανατολικό τμήμα της περιοχής (Αιγαίο και γύρω περιοχές - πάχος φλοιού ίσο με 31 km) όσο και στο δυτικό μέρος της περιοχής (Διναρίδες-Ελληνίδες οροσειρές - πάχος φλοιού ίσο με 42 km). Επίσης υπολογίζονται με βάση τα δεδομένα αυτά οι καμπύλες χρόνων διαδρομής των Pg & Pn επιμήκων κυμάτων, οι ταχύτητες διάδοσης των Pg & Pn επιμήκων κυμάτων στο χώρο έρευνας και τέλος τα χρονικά υπόλοιπα (διορθώσεις χρόνων διαδρομής των Pn επιμήκων κυμάτων) τα οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν απο το μόνιμο σεισμολογικό δίκτυο σταθμών του ευρύτερου Βαλκανικού χώρου για την βελτίωση του υπολογισμού των παραμέτρων των σεισμικών εστιών στον χώρο αυτό.Τέλος στο 5ο κεφάλαιο της διατριβής συνοψίζονται τα αποτελέσματα και τα βασικά συμπεράσματά της.
Η ενεργειακή πολιτική της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και ο ρόλος των χωρών της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου
Authors: Κότταρη Μαρία
Published: August 2021

Στόχος της παρούσας Διατριβής αποτελεί η εις βάθος κατανόηση της δομής και της εξέλιξης της ενεργειακής πολιτικής της ΕΕ. Η ενέργεια υπήρξε ένας από τους ακρογωνιαίους λίθους της ευρωπαϊκής ολοκλήρωσης. Η ανάγκη για μια συνεκτική ενεργειακή πολιτική της ΕΕ γίνεται, όμως, πιο επιτακτική όταν το ενεργειακό σύστημα της ΕΕ αρχίζει να εξαρτάται από ενεργειακές πηγές τρίτων χωρών.Με βάση τη θεωρία περί ασφάλειας της Σχολής της Κοπεγχάγης, που κινείται σε ένα ευρύτερο διεπιστημονικό πλαίσιο και αναλύει την έννοια της ασφάλειας υπό το πρίσμα όχι μόνο στρατιωτικών αλλά, και οικονομικών, πολιτικών και περιβαλλοντικών ζητημάτων, η Διατριβή αυτή αναδεικνύει την πολυπλοκότητα των θεμάτων που σχετίζονται με την ενέργεια, ορίζει την έννοια της ενεργειακής ασφάλειας και πως αυτή αναπτύσσεται στα πλαίσια της ΕΕ. Γίνεται, επίσης, κριτική αξιολόγηση του ιστορικού και θεσμικού πλαισίου της ενεργειακής πολιτικής της ΕΕ και ορίζονται οι κύριες συνιστώσες διαμόρφωσης των στόχων και των προτεραιοτήτων της ενεργειακής πολιτικής της ΕΕ.Οι εξωτερικές ενεργειακές σχέσεις αποτελούν βασικό τομέα της ενεργειακής πολιτικής της ΕΕ και χαρακτηρίζονται , σε μεγάλο βαθμό, από τις διαφορές και τις αποκλίνουσες εθνικές ενεργειακές επιδιώξεις μεταξύ των κρατών μελών της ΕΕ. Αυτή η Διατριβή αξιολογεί τη στρατηγική που εφαρμόζεται για την ενίσχυση της ενεργειακής ασφάλειας της ΕΕ μέσω της διεξοδικής μελέτης και ανάλυσης των μέσων που χρησιμοποιούνται (Νότιος Διάδρομος ΦΑ) για τη διασφάλιση του εφοδιασμού της ΕΕ σε Φυσικό Αέριο, με απώτερο στόχο τη διαφοροποίηση των πηγών και των οδών εφοδιασμού.Εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη (case study) της περιοχής της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου και εξετάζεται η συμβολή της στους στόχους της διαφοροποίησης των πηγών και των οδών ανεφοδιασμού της ΕΕ με ΦΑ και της επέκτασης του ευρωπαϊκού ενεργειακού κεκτημένου. Η περιοχή της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου έχει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον για τις επιδιώξεις της ΕΕ που σχετίζονται με την ασφάλεια ενεργειακού εφοδιασμού ,συμπεριλαμβανομένων των εναλλακτικών οδών και πηγών εφοδιασμού και των έργων υποδομής. Στην περιοχή αυτή , όμως, υπάρχουν μακροχρόνια ζητήματα ασφάλειας και η ενέργεια προσθέτει ένα νέο παράγοντα. Η Διατριβή μελετά τις αντιδράσεις της ΕΕ προκειμένου να εξασφαλίσει τα ενεργειακά της συμφέροντα στην περιοχή και να προωθήσει τα αμοιβαία πλεονεκτήματα μιας περιφερειακής ενεργειακής συνεργασίας.
Should patients with submassive pulmonary embolism be thrombolysed?
Authors: Hoskins Toby
Published: August 2021

Thrombolysis can be used to break down a pulmonary embolism more rapidly than standard anticoagulation. Its use has been confined to patients with massive pulmonary embolism and haemodynamic collapse, with disagreement over its role in submassive pulmonary embolism because of the risk of catastrophic bleeding.
Personal characteristics associated with progression in general surgery training: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hope C , Boyd-Carson H , Phillips H , Griffiths G , Humes D , Surgeon Consultant Colorectal , Lund J , Surgeon Consultant Colorectal
Published: August 2021

What personal characteristics contribute to successful training outcomes?
Rough layer scattering filled by elliptical cylinders from the method of moments combined with the characteristic basis function method and the Kirchoff approximation
Authors: Bourlier Christophe
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the electromagnetic field scattered by several 2D scatterers of any shape is calculated rigorously from the boundary integral equations discretized by the method of moments with the point matching method and pulse basis functions. In addition, the resulting linear system is efficiently solved from the domain decomposition method named the characteristic basis function method. To accelerate the computation of the primary basis functions, which requires solving sublinear systems, the Kirchoff approximation is applied for metallic and dielectric objects. The efficiency of the method is tested on several applications met in practice: stack of rough interfaces separating homogeneous media, collection of metallic and dielectric elliptical cylinders, collection of coated elliptical cylinders, and a combination of the previous scenarios.
Enhancement and flexible control of slow light in a magnon–photon coupling system with N cavities
Authors: Liu Wei-Han , Liu Chao-Zhu , Yin Miao
Published: August 2021

We theoretically analyze the transmission characteristics of a magnon–photon coupling system with

N

cascaded microwave cavities. The influences of the magnon–photon coupling strength and cavity number on the transmission characteristics are the main focus of this research. With an increase in the cascaded cavity number, the slow light effect should be greatly enhanced. By changing the cavity lengths slightly in a staggered way, the group delay could be increased by an order of magnitude with a well guaranteed transmission amplitude. Group delay should be flexibly controlled because of the existence of magnon and the conversion of fast and slow light can be realized. Moreover, by properly adjusting the cavity length, we can control the frequency shifting of the output slow light and narrow the bandwidth of the output slow light, which can aid in the design of high-quality light-storage devices. We believe the results will have applications in the all-optical communications network.
Generation of spatiotemporal optical vortices with partial temporal coherence
Authors: Mirando Amal , Zang Yimin , Zhan Qiwen , Chong Andy
Published: August 2021

Recently, a spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) with a transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been generated from coherent ultrafast pulses using mode-locked lasers. In contrast, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that a STOV can be generated from a light source with partial temporal coherence with fluctuating temporal structures. By eliminating the need of mode-locked laser sources, the partially coherent STOV will serve as a convenient and cost-effective transverse OAM source.
Symbiotic coexistence of noise-like pulses
Authors: Li Xingliang , Zhang Shumin , Liu Jingmin , Yan Dan , Wang Chaoran , Yang Zhenjun
Published: August 2021

Noise-like pulse (NLP) can split and then self-assemble into dynamic bound states, named NLP polymer. Here, we reported the first observation, to the best of our knowledge, of the buildup process of bound NLPs in all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped fiber lasers. By designing two NLP fiber lasers, the distinct autocorrelation trace property for the bound NLPs with a short time interval (around 30 ps), and the high-speed oscilloscope trace characterization for the bound NLPs with a relatively broad time interval (∼500 ps) have all been exhibited. Also, we have demonstrated that it was the Raman effect that mediated the NLP bound states. The experiment results showed that though the inter-interval between the NLPs and the NLP width in the bound states are constantly changing, the envelope of each NLP remained localized and the bound NLPs could maintain within a wide pump range. The dynamics of the experimentally observed bound NLPs have also been discussed with fitting models and numerical simulations. In addition, the experimental test results for the coherence of the NLPs and their bound states further indicated that the NLPs had low temporal coherence characteristics.
Complete self-calibration compact binary magneto-optic rotator based Mueller matrix polarimetry
Authors: Hua Peidong , Ding Zhenyang , Wang Chenhuan , Liu Kun , Jiang Junfeng , Yu Yin , Steve Yao X. , Liu Tiegen
Published: August 2021

Magneto-optic (MO) based Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) has several advantages of compact size, no-mechanical movement and high speed. Inaccuracies of components in the polarization state generator (PSG) optical parameters will influence the measurement accuracy of MMP. In this paper, we present a PSG self-calibration method in the compact MMP based on binary MO polarization rotators. Since PSG can generate enough numbers of non-degenerate polarization states, the optical parameters in PSG and the Mueller matrix of the sample can totally be numerically solved, which realizes a self-calibration in the PSG. Combining the previous self-calibration method in polarization state analyzer (PSA), we realize a complete self-calibration compact MO based MMP. Based on the numerical simulation results, the errors of measured phase retardance and optical axis of the sample decrease two to three orders of magnitude after applying the PSG self-calibration method. In experimental results of a variable retarder as a sample, the Euclidean distance of retardance between the measurement and reference curves comparing PSG self-calibration with no PSG self-calibration can be reduced from 0.035 rad to 0.033 rad and the Euclidean distance of optical axis can be reduced from 3.39° to 1.51°. Compared with the experimental results, the numerical simulation results more accurately verify the performance of the presented PSG self-calibration method without being influenced by other errors because the Mueller matrix of the sample is known and the error source only comes from these components in PSG.
Enlarged range of measurement method with strong noise resistance for dual-wavelength digital holography
Authors: Li Tuo , Tao Ye , Dong Jun , Zhang Qian , Wang Shuai , Shi Yishi
Published: August 2021

A concise and powerful method for dual-wavelength digital holography (DWDH) is proposed. By designing a new algorithm, this proposed method bypasses the phase synthesis process and directly obtains the thickness distribution of the object. This method can enlarge the range of measurement with strong noise resistance. For example, noise analysis results show that the proposed method reduces the reconstruction error from 101 nm to 9 nm when the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to 30. Therefore, this method would prove useful for DWDH, and its effectiveness is verified by both numerical simulations and experimental results.
Multipartite entanglement and quantum criticality of Rydberg atoms trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice
Authors: Li Chang-Xiao , Yang Sheng , Xu Jing-Bo
Published: August 2021

We investigate the multipartite entanglement and quantum criticality of neutral atoms on a two-dimensional square lattice, interacting via laser excitation to atom Rydberg states. It is found that the first derivative of residual entanglement with respect to detuning has peaks near the critical point, and corresponding critical behaviors are shown to obey conventional finite-sized scaling, from which we numerically determine the quantum critical point and the critical exponent of the associated correlation length. We also show that there is a sharp peak in the fidelity susceptibility near the critical point, and the critical exponent of the associated correlation length is obtained based on the finite size analysis.
Spectral beam combining gratings: high diffraction efficiency at a large deviation angle achieved around conical Littrow mounting
Authors: Wei Kairu , Li Lifeng
Published: August 2021

We theoretically make plausible and numerically verify that when a high-efficiency, polarization-independent grating, designed to work at or near Littrow mounting, is used in conical Littrow mounting, its high efficiency and polarization independence can be very well maintained at a large off-principal-plane deviation angle. This finding provides a new degree of freedom to the design of high-efficiency, more compact spectral beam combining grating systems.
Conjunctive spatial and self-motion codes are topographically organized in the GABAergic cells of the lateral septum
Authors: van der Veldt Suzanne , Etter Guillaume , Mosser Coralie-Anne , Manseau Frédéric , Williams Sylvain
Published: August 2021

The hippocampal spatial code’s relevance for downstream neuronal populations—particularly its major subcortical output the lateral septum (LS)—is still poorly understood. Here, using calcium imaging combined with unbiased analytical methods, we functionally characterized and compared the spatial tuning of LS GABAergic cells to those of dorsal CA3 and CA1 cells. We identified a significant number of LS cells that are modulated by place, speed, acceleration, and direction, as well as conjunctions of these properties, directly comparable to hippocampal CA1 and CA3 spatially modulated cells. Interestingly, Bayesian decoding of position based on LS spatial cells reflected the animal’s location as accurately as decoding using the activity of hippocampal pyramidal cells. A portion of LS cells showed stable spatial codes over the course of multiple days, potentially reflecting long-term episodic memory. The distributions of cells exhibiting these properties formed gradients along the anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral axes of the LS, directly reflecting the topographical organization of hippocampal inputs to the LS. Finally, we show using transsynaptic tracing that LS neurons receiving CA3 and CA1 excitatory input send projections to the hypothalamus and medial septum, regions that are not targeted directly by principal cells of the dorsal hippocampus. Together, our findings demonstrate that the LS accurately and robustly represents spatial, directional as well as self-motion information and is uniquely positioned to relay this information from the hippocampus to its downstream regions, thus occupying a key position within a distributed spatial memory network.
The role of memory in non-genetic inheritance and its impact on cancer treatment resistance
Authors: Cassidy Tyler , Nichol Daniel , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Craig Morgan , Anderson Alexander R. A.
Published: August 2021

Intra-tumour heterogeneity is a leading cause of treatment failure and disease progression in cancer. While genetic mutations have long been accepted as a primary mechanism of generating this heterogeneity, the role of phenotypic plasticity is becoming increasingly apparent as a driver of intra-tumour heterogeneity. Consequently, understanding the role of this plasticity in treatment resistance and failure is a key component of improving cancer therapy. We develop a mathematical model of stochastic phenotype switching that tracks the evolution of drug-sensitive and drug-tolerant subpopulations to clarify the role of phenotype switching on population growth rates and tumour persistence. By including cytotoxic therapy in the model, we show that, depending on the strategy of the drug-tolerant subpopulation, stochastic phenotype switching can lead to either transient or permanent drug resistance. We study the role of phenotypic heterogeneity in a drug-resistant, genetically homogeneous population of non-small cell lung cancer cells to derive a rational treatment schedule that drives population extinction and avoids competitive release of the drug-tolerant sub-population. This model-informed therapeutic schedule results in increased treatment efficacy when compared against periodic therapy, and, most importantly, sustained tumour decay without the development of resistance.
The Easter Egg Weevil (Pachyrhynchus) genome reveals syntenic patterns in Coleoptera across 200 million years of evolution
Authors: Van Dam Matthew H. , Cabras Analyn Anzano , Henderson James B. , Rominger Andrew J. , Pérez Estrada Cynthia , Omer Arina D. , Dudchenko Olga , Lieberman Aiden Erez , Lam Athena W.
Published: August 2021

Patterns of genomic architecture across insects remain largely undocumented or decoupled from a broader phylogenetic context. For instance, it is unknown whether translocation rates differ between insect orders. We address broad scale patterns of genome architecture across Insecta by examining synteny in a phylogenetic framework from open-source insect genomes. To accomplish this, we add a chromosome level genome to a crucial lineage, Coleoptera. Our assembly of thePachyrhynchus sulphureomaculatusgenome is the first chromosome scale genome for the hyperdiverse Phytophaga lineage and currently the largest insect genome assembled to this scale. The genome is significantly larger than those of other weevils, and this increase in size is caused by repetitive elements. Our results also indicate that, among beetles, there are instances of long-lasting (>200 Ma) localization of genes to a particular chromosome with few translocation events. While some chromosomes have a paucity of translocations, intra-chromosomal synteny was almost absent, with gene order thoroughly shuffled along a chromosome. This large amount of reshuffling within chromosomes with few inter-chromosomal events contrasts with patterns seen in mammals in which the chromosomes tend to exchange larger blocks of material more readily. To place our findings in an evolutionary context, we compared syntenic patterns across Insecta in a phylogenetic framework. For the first time, we find that synteny decays at an exponential rate relative to phylogenetic distance. Additionally, there are significant differences in decay rates between insect orders, this pattern was not driven by Lepidoptera alone which has a substantially different rate.
The prevalence and correlates of vision impairment and glasses ownership among ethnic minority and Han schoolchildren in rural China
Authors: Wang Huan , Barket Brandon , Du Sharon , Friesen Dimitris , Kohrman Ezra , Tok Esther , Xiao Baixiang , Huang Wenyong , Chan Ving Fai , MacKenzie Graeme , Congdon Nathan
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and glasses ownership among Han Chinese and Hui minority junior high school children in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

Design

Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods

Vision screening was conducted on 20,376 children (age 12–15 years) in all 124 rural junior high schools in Ningxia. Personal and family characteristics, glasses ownership, and academic performance were assessed through a survey questionnaire and standardized mathematics test, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in either eye was significantly higher among Han (54.5%) than Hui (45.2%) children (P<0.001), and was significantly positively associated with age, female sex, Han ethnicity, parental outmigration for work, shorter time spent outside during recess, shorter time spent watching television and higher time spent studying. Among children with VA≤6/12 in both eyes, only 56.8% of Han and 41.5% of Hui children had glasses (P<0.001). Glasses ownership was significantly associated with worse vision, greater family wealth, female sex, higher test scores, age, parental outmigration for work, understanding of myopia and glasses, higher time spent studying and Han ethnicity.

Conclusion

One of the first of its kind, this report on Han and Hui ethnic schoolchildren confirms a high prevalence of visual impairment among both populations, but slightly higher among the Han. Both groups, especially the Hui, have low rates of glasses ownership. Future interventions and policies designed to improve glasses usage should focus on populations with lower incomes and seek to correct erroneous beliefs about the safety of glasses and efficacy of traditional eye exercises.
AudBility: Effectiveness of an online central auditory processing screening program
Authors: de Carvalho Nádia Giulian , Amaral Maria Isabel Ramos do , Colella-Santos Maria Francisca
Published: August 2021

Objective

To contribute to the validation of AudBility, an online central auditory processing screening program, considering the tasks for age between 6 and 8 years-old, from the investigation of sensitivity and specificity, as well as to suggest a minimum central auditory processing (CAP) screening protocol in this age group.

Method

In the first stage of the study, 154 schoolchildren were screened. Children were aged between 6 and 8 years old, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The auditory tasks of AudBility analyzed in this study were: sound localization (SL), auditory closure (AC), figure-ground (FG), dichotic digits—binaural integration (DD), temporal resolution (TR) and temporal frequency ordering (TO-F). In the second stage, 112 children attended to CAP assessment in the institution’s laboratory. The calculation of efficacy (sensitivity/specificity) was obtained through the construction of the ROC curve for the tests with more than five children altered in the diagnosis.

Results

For the 6–7-year-old age group the accuracy values were: AC (76.9%); FG (61.6%); DD 78.8% for the right ear and 84.4% for the left ear in females and 63.2% for the left ear in males; TR (77.1%) and TO-F (74.4% for the right ear and 82.4% for the left ear). For the 8-year-old age group the values were: FF (76.5%); DD (71.7% for the left ear for females and 77% for the right ear for males); TR (56.5%) and TO-F (54.1% for the right ear and 70% for the left ear).

Conclusions

AudBility showed variations in sensitivity and specificity values between the auditory tasks and age groups, with better effectiveness in schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 7 than eight-year-olds, except for the FG task. For screening purposes, the application of the protocol involving five tasks for the 6 to 7-year-olds group and with four tasks for the 8-year-olds group is suggested.
Sensitive proportion in ranked set sampling
Authors: Abbasi Azhar Mehmood , Shad Muhammad Yousaf
Published: August 2021

This paper considers the concomitant-based rank set sampling (CRSS) for estimation of the sensitive proportion. It is shown that CRSS procedure provides an unbiased estimator of the population sensitive proportion, and it is always more precise than corresponding sample sensitive proportion (Warner SL (1965)) that based on simple random sampling (SRS) without increasing sampling cost. Additionally, a new estimator based on ratio method is introduced using CRSS protocol, preserving the respondent’s confidentiality through a randomizing device. The numerical results of these estimators are obtained by using numerical integration technique. An application to real data is also given to support the methods.
Research on dual innovation incentive mechanism in terms of organizations’ differential knowledge absorptive capacity
Authors: An Xuejiao , Qi Lin , Zhang Jian , Jiang Xinran
Published: August 2021

Differences in the capacity for absorption between different organizations will have an important impact on an organization’s choices of innovation exploration and exploitive innovation strategies. Organizations need to explore correct strategic decisions under different policies for long-term development. This study with limited rational first-mover and late-mover organizations as the research object, based on the evolutionary game theory model, using visualization system deduced first-mover and late-mover organizations in the knowledge absorptive capacity differences and incentive policies under the condition of different strategies selection process. The research shows that the rationality of policy incentive setting has a direct impact on the choice of organizational dual innovation strategy with different knowledge absorption capacities. The market pattern is stable and organizational knowledge absorption capacity is different. The higher the policy incentive level is, the more the organization is inclined to carry out exploratory innovation activities. Under the environment of stable market structure, different organizational knowledge absorption capacity, and no policy incentive, late-mover cannot adopt exploratory innovation strategy alone. When the market pattern is stable and the absorptive capacity of the organization is different, whether the late-mover can adopt the exploratory innovation strategy depends on the policy incentive level. In this case, the optimal situation is to have the opportunity to change to exploratory innovation at the same time as the first-movers.
Acute myocardial injury secondary to severe acute liver failure: A retrospective analysis supported by animal data
Authors: Uhlig Moritz , Hein Marc , Habigt Moriz A. , Tolba René H. , Braunschweig Till , Helmedag Marius J. , Klinge Uwe , Koch Alexander , Trautwein Christian , Mechelinck Mare
Published: August 2021

To investigate whether acute liver failure (ALF) leads to secondary acute myocardial injury, 100 ALF patients that were retrospectively identified in a single center based on ICD 10 codes and 8 rats from an experimental study that died early after bile duct ligation (BDL) were examined. Creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CKMB) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) were analyzed as markers of myocardial injury. For histological analysis,hematoxylin-eosin(HE),elastic Van Gieson(EVG), CD41 and myeloperoxidase were used to stain rat hearts. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were a critical factor for mortality (p = 0.037) in human ALF. Deceased patients exhibited higher levels of CKMB than survivors (p = 0.023). CKMB was a predictor of mortality in ALF (p = 0.013). Animals that died early after BDL exhibited increased cTnI, CKMB, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels compared to controls (cTnI: p = 0.011, CKMB: p = 0.008, TNFα: p = 0.003, IL-6: p = 0.006). These animals showed perivascular lesions and wavy fibers, microthrombi and neutrophilic infiltration in the heart. MACEs are decisive for mortality in human ALF, and elevated CKMB values indicate that this might be due to structural myocardial damage. Accordingly, CKMB was found to have predictive value for mortality in ALF. The results are substantiated by data from a rat BDL model demonstrating diffuse myocardial injury.
AAWS-Net: Anatomy-aware weakly-supervised learning network for breast mass segmentation
Authors: Sun Yeheng , Ji Yule
Published: August 2021

Accurate segmentation of breast masses is an essential step in computer aided diagnosis of breast cancer. The scarcity of annotated training data greatly hinders the model’s generalization ability, especially for the deep learning based methods. However, high-quality image-level annotations are time-consuming and cumbersome in medical image analysis scenarios. In addition, a large amount of weak annotations is under-utilized which comprise common anatomy features. To this end, inspired by teacher-student networks, we propose an Anatomy-Aware Weakly-Supervised learning Network (AAWS-Net) for extracting useful information from mammograms with weak annotations for efficient and accurate breast mass segmentation. Specifically, we adopt a weakly-supervised learning strategy in the Teacher to extract anatomy structure from mammograms with weak annotations by reconstructing the original image. Besides, knowledge distillation is used to suggest morphological differences between benign and malignant masses. Moreover, the prior knowledge learned from the Teacher is introduced to the Student in an end-to-end way, which improves the ability of the student network to locate and segment masses. Experiments on CBIS-DDSM have shown that our method yields promising performance compared with state-of-the-art alternative models for breast mass segmentation in terms of segmentation accuracy and IoU.
Shrinkage in the Bayesian analysis of the GGE model: A case study with simulation
Authors: Oliveira Luciano Antonio de , Silva Carlos Pereira da , Silva Alessandra Querino da , Mendes Cristian Tiago Erazo , Nuvunga Joel Jorge , Muniz Joel Augusto , Bueno Filho Júlio Sílvio de Sousa , Balestre Marcio
Published: August 2021

The genotype main effects plus the genotype × environment interaction effects model has been widely used to analyze multi-environmental trials data, especially using a graphical biplot considering the first two principal components of the singular value decomposition of the interaction matrix. Many authors have noted the advantages of applying Bayesian inference in these classes of models to replace the frequentist approach. This results in parsimonious models, and eliminates parameters that would be present in a traditional analysis of bilinear components (frequentist form). This work aims to extend shrinkage methods to estimators of those parameters that composes the multiplicative part of the model, using the maximum entropy principle for prior justification. A Bayesian version (non-shrinkage prior, using conjugacy and large variance) was also used for comparison. The simulated data set had 20 genotypes evaluated across seven environments, in a complete randomized block design with three replications. Cross-validation procedures were conducted to assess the predictive ability of the model and information criteria were used for model selection. A better predictive capacity was found for the model with a shrinkage effect, especially for unorthogonal scenarios in which more genotypes were removed at random. In these cases, however, the best fitted models, as measured by information criteria, were the conjugate flat prior. In addition, the flexibility of the Bayesian method was found, in general, to attribute inference to the parameters of the models which related to the biplot representation. Maximum entropy prior was the more parsimonious, and estimates singular values with a greater contribution to the sum of squares of the genotype + genotype × environmental interaction. Hence, this method enabled the best discrimination of parameters responsible for the existing patterns and the best discarding of the noise than the model assuming non-informative priors for multiplicative parameters.
Nasal alum-adjuvanted vaccine promotes IL-33 release from alveolar epithelial cells that elicits IgA production via type 2 immune responses
Authors: Sasaki Eita , Asanuma Hideki , Momose Haruka , Furuhata Keiko , Mizukami Takuo , Hamaguchi Isao
Published: August 2021

Aluminum hydroxide salts (alum) have been added to inactivated vaccines as safe and effective adjuvants to increase the effectiveness of vaccination. However, the exact cell types and immunological factors that initiate mucosal immune responses to alum adjuvants are unclear. In this study, the mechanism of action of alum adjuvant in nasal vaccination was investigated. Alum has been shown to act as a powerful and unique adjuvant when added to a nasal influenza split vaccine in mice. Alum is cytotoxic in the alveoli and stimulates the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, such as dsDNA, interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-33. We found that Ag-specific IgA antibody (Ab) production was markedly reduced in IL-33-deficient mice. However, no decrease was observed in Ag-specific IgA Ab production with DNase I treatment, and no decrease was observed in IL-1α/β or IL-6 production in IL-33-deficient mice. From the experimental results of primary cultured cells and immunofluorescence staining, although IL-1α was secreted by alveolar macrophage necroptosis, IL-33 release was observed in alveolar epithelial cell necroptosis but not in alveolar macrophages. Alum- or IL-33-dependent Ag uptake enhancement and elevation of OX40L expression were not observed. By stimulating the release of IL-33, alum induced Th2 immunity via IL-5 and IL-13 production in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and increased MHC class II expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the lung. Our results suggest that IL-33 secretion by epithelial cell necroptosis initiates APC- and ILC2-mediated T cell activation, which is important for the enhancement of Ag-specific IgA Ab production by alum.
Roy DeCarava: Eyes to hear
Authors: Witt Andrew
Published: August 2021

This article examines the belated reception and occlusion of the photographic work of Roy DeCarava by evaluating two recent publications: The Sound I Saw: Improvisations on a Jazz Theme (2019) and Light Break (2019). In the article, I attend to the ways in which DeCarava’s closely cropped photographs delve into the sensual, private textures of everyday life but also track as well the collective anguish and social discontent that still burns on today.
La fórmula Pro Salute Hadriani en la epigrafía: Una perspectiva general a próposito del caso hispano
Authors: González-Conde Puente M.ª Pilar
Published: August 2021

La fórmula «pro salute Hadriani» figura en algunas inscripciones de la península ibérica. Este trabajo quiere abordar el análisis de estos testimonios, escasos pero significativos, desde una perspectiva general, es decir, teniendo en cuenta los casos conocidos en el resto de los territorios del Imperio, para comprobar las similitudes y diferencias que contienen con respecto al panorama general de las dedicaciones por la salud de este príncipe.
Population of Small Towns of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Context of Socio-Cultural Modernization in the 1920s-1930s
Authors: Kholina M.V.
Published: August 2021

On the basis of a wide range of documentary sources, the paper considers the main characteristics and development trends of population in small towns of the 1920s and 1930s located first within the Yenisei Province and then within the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The author reveals the factors which have a significant impact on the socio-demographic portrait of a small Siberian city as a unique and characteristic form of social organization for Russia, developing in the context of economic and sociocultural modernization of the Soviet state. The period of complex transformations witnesses the whole range of social changes and their inherent contradictions to a greater extent. Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Kansk, and Minusinsk social and cultural policy of the 1920s and 1930s developed under the influence of both a number of general factors determined by the specific historical situation in the country and the region, and those factors which determined specific development of the towns under study and features of their social and cultural policy in the Soviet state. These heterogenous and diverse factors produce a significant and irreversible impact on the demographic processes of both local communities and the region as a whole.
The Possible Responsiveness of FDI to Electric Power Consumption in Different Income Level
Authors: Sigo Wondimu
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Modern energy in the form of electricity is vital for economic activities such as for getting clean water, and healthcare, for getting stable and effective lighting, heating, and cooking. However, in developing countries there is a huge shortage of electricity and big gaps in access, while access to electricity in developed countries almost reached a hundred percent. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to shows the possible responsiveness of FDI to electric power consumption in different income-level. Hence, this study aims to address questions, including how is the relationship between economic activities such as FDI and electricity consumption in different income-level. For motivating the research, 131 countries data have been collected from WDI and US-EIA from 1992 to 2016 and both quantitative and qualitative methods used.

The cross-country regression result shows that there exists an inverse-U shaped relationship between EPC and FDI net inflow because most high-income countries have a high level of EPC and therefore EPC becomes less important for them to attract FDI. But when we separate the total sample into two, EPC can significantly increase net FDI inflow for middle & low-income countries because for these countries, especially for low-income countries, sufficient electricity supply is important for FDI inflow.
Avaliação dos efeitos da expansão da escória LD no comportamento mecânico de misturas asfálticas sujeitas ao envelhecimento e dano por umidade
Authors: Izoton Sidineidy , Teixeira Jamilla Emi Sudo Lutif , Pires Patrício José Moreira , Dias Viviane dos Santos
Published: August 2021

As escórias de aciaria, como Linz-Donawitz (LD), sofrem expansões volumétricas quando submetidas ao calor e à umidade. Contudo, o ligante asfáltico pode estabilizar a expansão da LD em misturas asfálticas à quente (MAQ). Este trabalho objetiva avaliar os efeitos da expansão da LD no comportamento mecânico de MAQ sujeitas ao envelhecimento e dano por umidade. Foram avaliadas quatro MAQ, uma de referência e três misturas com 25% LD com diferentes expansões iniciais. As misturas foram submetidas ao envelhecimento de curto e longo prazo. Posteriormente, foram submetidas a ensaios de dano por umidade induzida e resistência à tração indireta. Também foi avaliada a expansão dos agregados extraídos das MAQs. As misturas com LD apresentaram resultados mecânicos satisfatórios e até superiores à mistura de referência. Não foi observada diferença significativa nos valores de expansão de agregados extraídos das misturas após condicionamento, indicando que os efeitos da expansão da LD podem ter sido estabilizados.
Synthesis of the finite controller for the servo drive with the synchronous motor
Authors: Starikov Alexander V. , Kirdyashev Viktor A.
Published: August 2021

The paper is devoted to the synthesis of a finite controller for a digital servo drive with a synchronous motor, as well as to the determination of the possibility and area of its application. A block diagram of the single-loop servo drive is considered, which contains a digital finite controller that ensures the completion of transient processes in a strictly defined number of clock cycles of the sampling period. The form of the discrete transfer function of the finite controller is proposed. The transfer function of the closed-loop electric drive with the proposed type of controller is found. The system of equations was compiled and solved, which makes it possible to determine the tuning parameters of the finite controller for the servo drive with the synchronous motor. The results of computer simulation are given, showing that the transient processes in the control and disturbing effects in the servo drive are completed in 6 clock cycles of the sampling period. A formula is obtained for calculating the output signal of a finite controller for digital technical implementation on a microcontroller. A computational model of the considered digital electric drive has been developed, taking into account the limitation of current and voltage in the power converter. At small sampling periods, a servo drive with the finite controller is shown to require current limitation at the level of 16 nominal values. At low limiting values, the drive becomes unstable. To ensure the operability of an electric drive with the finite controller, it is proposed to increase the sampling period. It is shown that, in this case the servo drive remains stable in the entire range of displacements even under current and voltage limitations at the level of nominal values. The simulation results made it possible to conclude that the developed electric drive has a high speed of response, since during the development of the control action, the entry into the zone of 1 discrete from the set value is 0.022 s. It is shown that the presence of a static positioning error, which increases with an increase in the sampling period, is a negative effect of the finite control application in the servo drive with the synchronous motor. The electric drive in question is proposed to be supplied with one more position loop with an integral controller, which allows to compensate for the static positioning error.
Theoretical-experimental study of dependence of natural frequencies of oscillations plates from application thickness
Authors: Yaroslavkina Ekaterina E. , Suslov Anton V.
Published: August 2021

The paper considers the problem of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits in the production of oil and oil products. Methods of sediment measurement have been studied. Computer simulation of dependence of natural frequencies of metal plate oscillations on thickness of deposits was carried out. Correlation dependence of oscillation frequency of the control object on thickness of deposits is confirmed. The obtained results allow prospective investigation of pipe-wires deposits thickness.
GÖÇÜN SOSYO-EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ: DÜZEY-1 BÖLGELERİNDE EKONOMETRİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: AYDIN Fatma Fehime , LEVENT Cemalettin
Published: August 2021

Dünya tarihinde göç hareketleri insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Göç, sosyal bir hareket olmasının yanı sıra, ekonomik hayattan kültüre kadar yaşamın tüm yönlerini etkileyen temel değişim unsurlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Göç kavramı, ülke ekonomileri ve toplumların sosyal yapıları üzerinde etkili bir unsur olmasından dolayı büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda göç, ikamet edilen bir yerleşim bölgesinden bir başka yerleşim bölgesine taşınmaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, düzey-1 bölgelerinde göçün sosyo-ekonomik etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda göç kavramı ve göçe neden olan faktörler incelenmiş olup göç çeşitleri ve göçün etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada göçün sosyo-ekonomik etkileri TÜİK’den alınan veriler yardımıyla düzey-1 bölgeleri arasında farklılıklar dikkate alınarak panel veri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bu testlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre yoksulluk, işsizlik ve eğitim düzeyi ile göç miktarı arasında uzun dönemde pozitif bir ilişki vardır. Buna göre yoksulluk ve işsizlik azaltılabilirse ve bölgeler arası ücret farklılıkları ortadan kaldırılabilirse göç miktarının da azalacağı düşünülmektedir.