bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-fat diet promotes tumor growth in the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of ER positive endometrial cancer
Authors: Shen Ke , Shen Dandan , Jin Dongdong , Zheng Yichao , Zhu Yuanhang , Zhao Xinyue , Zhang Zhenan , Wang Nannan , Chen Huanhuan , Yang Li
Published: October 2023

Endometrial cancer, one of the common gynecological malignancies, is affected by several influencing factors. This study established a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model for the study of influencing factors in ER positive endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a high-fat diet can affect the growth of ER positive endometrial cancer PDOX model tumors. The tumor tissues were expanded by subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice, and then the subcutaneous tumor tissues were orthotopically implanted into the nude mouse uterus to establish the PDOX model. After modeling, they were divided into high-fat diet group and normal diet group for 8 weeks of feeding, which showed that high-fat diet significantly promoted tumor growth (P < 0.001) and increased the protein expression level of ERα in tumor tissues. This study demonstrates that PDOX models of endometrial cancer can embody the role of dietary influences on tumor growth and that this model has the potential for preclinical studies of cancer promoting factors.
Association between the dietary inflammatory index and serum perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations: evidence from NANHES 2007–2018
Authors: Zhou Ren , Peng Jiali , Zhang Lei , Sun Yu , Yan Jia , Jiang Hong
Published: October 2023

This study clarified the association between the three PFASs and DII, highlighting the diverse effects of PFASs on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers across different DII levels.
Magnetically locked Janus particle clusters with orientation-dependent motion in AC electric fields
Authors: Lee Jin Gyun , Thome Cooper P. , Cruse Zoe A. , Ganguly Arkava , Gupta Ankur , Shields C. Wyatt
Published: October 2023

Magnetically assembled Janus particles display orientation-dependent motions in AC electric fields. The regimes of motion are studied by experiments and modeling to understand and inform future microrobot design.
Multi-responsive nanogels with tunable orthogonal reversible covalent (TORC) core-crosslinks for AND-gate controlled release
Authors: Tafazoli Shayesteh , Shahrokhinia Ali , Rijal Sahaj , Garay Jaelese , Scanga Randall A. , Reuther James F.
Published: October 2023

Installation of TORC core-crosslinks in polymer nanogels is accomplished in a single pot using photo-controlled atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly (PhotoATR-PISA) resulting in nanogels with AND-gate cargo release behavior.
Electrochemical oxidative carbonylation of hydrazides for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-ones
Authors: Peng Mengyu , Li Mingzhe , Zhao Longqiang , Huang Wenxiu , Wang Shoucai , Chen Kang , Jiang Guangbin , Ji Fanghua
Published: October 2023

We have developed an electrochemical method for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-ones. The electrochemical oxidative carbonylation of hydrazides features mild and green conditions, external oxidant-free, broad substrate scope, short reaction time and ease of scale-up to gram scale.
Regulating the orientation of a single coordinate bond by the synergistic action of mechanical forces and electric field
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Zhibin , Tan Min , Adijiang Adila , Zhong Shurong , Xu Xiaona , Zhao Tianran , Ramya Emusani , Sun Lu , Zhao Xueyan , Fan Zhiqiang , Xiang Dong
Published: October 2023

The conductance of molecular dynamic break junctions decreases upon an increased bias voltage. In contrast, the conductance of molecular fixed junctions increases upon an increased bias.
JOYS: Disentangling the warm and cold material in the high-mass IRAS 23385+6053 cluster
Authors: Gieser C. , Beuther H. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Francis L. , van Gelder M. L. , Tychoniec L. , Kavanagh P. J. , Perotti G. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Ray T. P. , Klaassen P. , Justtanont K. , Linnartz H. , Rocha W. R. M. , Slavicinska K. , Colina L. , Güdel M. , Henning Th. , Lagage P.-O. , Östlin G. , Vandenbussche B. , Waelkens C. , Wright G.
Published: October 2023

Context. High-mass star formation occurs in a clustered mode where fragmentation is observed from an early stage onward. Young protostars can now be studied in great detail with the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Aims. We study and compare the warm (>100 K) and cold (<100 K) material toward the high-mass star-forming region (HMSFR) IRAS 23385+6053 (IRAS 23385 hereafter) combining high-angular-resolution observations in the mid-infrared (MIR) with the JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS) project and with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) at millimeter (mm) wavelengths at angular resolutions of ≈0.″2–1.″0.

Methods. We investigated the spatial morphology of atomic and molecular species using line-integrated intensity maps. We estimated the temperature and column density of different gas components using H2 transitions (warm and hot component) and a series of CH3CN transitions as well as 3 mm continuum emission (cold component).

Results. Toward the central dense core of IRAS 23385, the material consists of relatively cold gas and dust (≈50 K), while multiple outflows create heated and/or shocked H2 and show enhanced temperatures (≈400 K) along the outflow structures. An energetic outflow with enhanced emission knots of [Fe II] and [Ni II] suggests J-type shocks, while two other outflows have enhanced emission of only H2 and [S I] caused by C-type shocks. The latter two outflows are also more prominent in molecular line emission at mm wavelengths (e.g., SiO, SO, H2CO, and CH3OH). Data of even higher angular resolution are needed to unambiguously identify the outflow-driving sources given the clustered nature of IRAS 23385. While most of the forbidden fine structure transitions are blueshifted, [Ne II] and [Ne III] peak at the source velocity toward the MIR source A/mmA2 suggesting that the emission is originating from closer to the protostar.

Conclusions. The warm and cold gas traced by MIR and mm observations, respectively, are strongly linked in IRAS 23385. The outflows traced by MIR H2 lines have molecular counterparts in the mm regime. Despite the presence of multiple powerful outflows that cause dense and hot shocks, a cold dense envelope still allows star formation to further proceed. To study and fully understand the spatially resolved MIR properties, a representative sample of low- and high-mass protostars has to be probed using JWST.
Continuous Monitoring of Blood Oxygen Saturation During Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Latridis A. , Heinemann S. , Derocher R. , Osborn J.
Published: October 2023

The Bentley “oxysat” oxygen saturation meier is a small, digital, battery-operated, dual wave length, optical device. Two probes, arterial and venous, are mounted into the extra corporeal blood line during openheart surgery.

Correlation tests between van Slyke, Lex O2 con, and calculated saturations, have shown accuracy and repeatability of oxygen saturation values during extracorporeal circulation on twenty cardiac patients.

The meter proved useful during extracorporeal circulation by providing access to immediate observation of blood saturation and valuable trend data in the course of perfusion, and allowing better control of gas and blood flow during bypass. It also helped prevent excessive pO2s, gaseous microemboli, effort factor during blood sampling, and blood waste.
Effective Venous Cannulation for Total Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegic Arrest
Authors: Aldrete Victor , Kersting Jim
Published: October 2023

A technique is described which permits complete and reliable drainage of the heart and lungs during total cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting. The technique minimizes the influx of warm blood into the arrested heart, and utilizes existing disposable devices.
Counterpulsation–An Alternate Use for the Pulsatile Bypass Pump
Authors: Curtis Steven E. , Oldham H. Newland
Published: October 2023

The positive effect of counterpulsation on coronary flow is generally accepted. This report describes an experience with the Pulsatile Bypass Pump (PBP)* as a method of providing not only pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but also counterpulsation before and after CPB. Over 18 months, the PBP was utilized in 200 patients, the majority of whom underwent coronary bypass procedures. Eighteen of these patients who required support of cardiac function before CPB, form the subgroup emphasized. With synchronized counterpulsation via the common femoral artery by cut down, the patient was anesthetized and the operative procedure performed. During CPB, the PBP provided pulsatile flow and after bypass was again used for counterpulsation. All 18 patients were weaned from P.BP and survived operation. Diastolic augmentation and systolic unloading were observed by monitoring pressure tracing in the radial artery, while counterpulsating via the femoral artery. In 16 patients cardiac function was preserved without need for further support. Two patients required the IAB, and both recovered. It is concluded that transfemoral counterpulsation by the PBP provides a safe alternate method of cardiac support in the absence of significant peripheral vascular disease for patients who would otherwise be candidates for the IAB.
Wide edge state supercontinuum in a Floquet–Lieb topological photonic insulator
Authors: Song Hanfa , Zimmerling Tyler J. , Leng Bo , Van Vien
Published: October 2023

Conventional topological photonic insulators typically have narrow nontrivial band gaps truncated by broad dispersive bulk bands, resulting in limited edge mode transmission bandwidths that can be exploited for potential applications. Here, we demonstrate a Floquet–Lieb topological photonic insulator with all flat bands that can support continuous edge mode transmission across multiple Floquet–Brillouin zones. This supercontinuum of edge states results from the coexistence and orthogonality of the localized flat-band modes and the edge states, allowing for continuous excitation of the latter without scattering into the bulk modes. Moreover, we show that these flat bands are perfectly immune to random variations in the on-site potential, regardless of how large the perturbations are, thus ensuring complete robustness of the edge modes to this type of disorder. We realized Floquet–Lieb insulators using 2D microring resonator lattices with perfect nearest-neighbor couplings. Transmission measurements and direct imaging of the scattered light distributions showed an edge mode supercontinuum spanning more than three microring free spectral ranges. The proposed Floquet–Lieb insulator can potentially be used to realize topological photonic devices with wide bandwidths and super robustness for applications in integrated quantum photonics and programmable photonic circuits.
Saturation of the anomalous Hall effect at high magnetic fields in altermagnetic RuO2
Authors: Tschirner Teresa , Keßler Philipp , Gonzalez Betancourt Ruben Dario , Kotte Tommy , Kriegner Dominik , Büchner Bernd , Dufouleur Joseph , Kamp Martin , Jovic Vedran , Smejkal Libor , Sinova Jairo , Claessen Ralph , Jungwirth Tomas , Moser Simon , Reichlova Helena , Veyrat Louis
Published: October 2023

Observations of the anomalous Hall effect in RuO2 and MnTe have demonstrated unconventional time-reversal symmetry breaking in the electronic structure of a recently identified new class of compensated collinear magnets, dubbed altermagnets. While in MnTe, the unconventional anomalous Hall signal accompanied by a vanishing magnetization is observable at remanence, the anomalous Hall effect in RuO2 is excluded by symmetry for the Néel vector pointing along the zero-field [001] easy-axis. Guided by a symmetry analysis and ab initio calculations, a field-induced reorientation of the Néel vector from the easy-axis toward the [110] hard-axis was used to demonstrate the anomalous Hall signal in this altermagnet. We confirm the existence of an anomalous Hall effect in our RuO2 thin-film samples, whose set of magnetic and magneto-transport characteristics is consistent with the earlier report. By performing our measurements at extreme magnetic fields up to 68 T, we reach saturation of the anomalous Hall signal at a field Hc ≃ 55 T that was inaccessible in earlier studies but is consistent with the expected Néel-vector reorientation field.
Effects of infection with the viral complex alfalfa dwarf disease on productivity traits and coumestrol production in alfalfa plants
Authors: Silva Mercedes P. , Basigalup Daniel H. , Chiacchiera Stella Maris , Trucco Verónica , Giolitti Fabián , Mamani Eva , Díaz Carolina del Pilar , Manzur Milena E.
Published: October 2023

Context Viral infections generate yield losses in alfalfa due to the impact on growth, seed production, impaired nitrogen fixation and fungal disease susceptibility, but also stimulate production of coumestrol, which can exhibit oestrogenic activity in livestock and human. Aims We investigated the change in coumestrol content and its relationship with morphological and productivity traits in alfalfa plants infected with alfalfa viral complex. Methods Seven genotypes from cultivar Monarca SP-INTA and six of Traful PV-INTA were used. Plants were cloned and treated as non-infected and infected with alfalfa viral complex (alfalfa dwarf disease). Productivity and morphological traits were assessed. Disease symptoms were used to estimate the genotype severity index (GSI, %), coumestrol content was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Key results Viral infection reduced internode distance (iD) for the majority of Monarca genotypes, whereas in Traful one was affected, generating dwarfism. The iD reduction positively correlated with GSI only in Monarca genotypes. Coumestrol content varied between genotypes of each of the two cultivars. Monarca genotypes ranged between 350 and 1140 (infected and non-infected) ppm, and Traful genotypes ranged between 0 and 942 (infected and non-infected) ppm. However, viral infection promoted coumestrol increase in three genotypes only. Conclusions All Monarca genotypes studied seem to be more sensitive to viral infections than those of Traful, as GSI demonstrated. Independently of cultivar, coumestrol content increased for three genotypes. High coumestrol content was correlated with low GSI. Implications The knowledge of genotype response to viral infections would be useful for breeders to select superior genotypes as well as to originate new cultivars either as forage or as natural sources of phytoestrogens.
Architectural experience influences the processing of others’ body expressions
Authors: Presti Paolo , Galasso Gaia Maria , Ruzzon Davide , Avanzini Pietro , Caruana Fausto , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Vecchiato Giovanni
Published: October 2023

The interplay between space and cognition is a crucial issue in Neuroscience leading to the development of multiple research fields. However, the relationship between architectural space and the movement of the inhabitants and their interactions has been too often neglected, failing to provide a unifying view of architecture's capacity to modulate social cognition broadly. We bridge this gap by requesting participants to judge avatars’ emotional expression (high vs. low arousal) at the end of their promenade inside high- or low-arousing architectures. Stimuli were presented in virtual reality to ensure a dynamic, naturalistic experience. High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded to assess the neural responses to the avatar’s presentation. Observing highly aroused avatars increased Late Positive Potentials (LPP), in line with previous evidence. Strikingly, 250 ms before the occurrence of the LPP, P200 amplitude increased due to the experience of low-arousing architectures, reflecting an early greater attention during the processing of body expressions. In addition, participants stared longer at the avatar’s head and judged the observed posture as more arousing. Source localization highlighted a contribution of the dorsal premotor cortex to both P200 and LPP. In conclusion, the immersive and dynamic architectural experience modulates human social cognition. In addition, the motor system plays a role in processing architecture and body expressions suggesting that the space and social cognition interplay is rooted in overlapping neural substrates. This study demonstrates that the manipulation of mere architectural space is sufficient to influence human social cognition.
Oncogenic dependency plays a dominant role in the immune response to cancer
Authors: Li Jinyu , D’Amico Stephen , Kirillov Varvara , Petrenko Oleksi , Reich Nancy C.
Published: October 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies. Advanced PDAC is considered incurable. Nearly 90% of pancreatic cancers are caused by oncogenic KRAS mutations. The mechanisms of primary or acquired resistance to KRAS inhibition are currently unknown. Here, we propose that oncogenic dependency, rather than KRAS mutation per se, plays a dominant role in the immune response to cancer, including late-stage PDAC. Classifying tumor samples according to KRAS activity scores allows accurate prediction of tumor immune composition and therapy response. Dual RAS/MAPK pathway blockade combining KRAS and MEK inhibitors is more effective than the selective KRAS inhibitor alone in attenuating MAPK activation and unblocking the influx of T cells into the tumor. Lowering KRAS activity in established tumors promotes immune infiltration, but with a limited antitumor effect, whereas combining KRAS/MEK inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade achieves durable regression in preclinical models. The results are directly applicable to stratifying human PDAC based on KRAS dependency values and immune cell composition to improve therapeutic design.
Organizational system thinking as a cognitive framework to meet climate targets
Authors: Burato Matteo , Tang Samuel , Vastola Vincenzo , Cenci Simone
Published: October 2023

System thinking is a crucial cognitive framework to enable individual pro-environmental behavioral changes. Indeed, a large body of literature has shown a significant and positive association between individuals’ system thinking capacities and perceptions of the threat posed by climate change. However, individual behavioral changes play a limited role in addressing climate change compared to large organizations involved in a significantly larger share of economic activities. Do organizations exhibit system thinking capacities? Here, we conjecture that system thinking is a cognitive framework observable at an aggregated group level and, therefore, organizations, not just individuals, can exhibit characteristic levels of system thinking. We conceptualize a definition of organizational system thinking and develop an empirical method to estimate it using a large body of textual data from business organizations. Then, we show that system thinking organizations are more likely to lower emissions and align them with the pathways required to meet the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement. Finally, we discussed the theoretical and policy implication of our study. Overall, our results suggest that system thinking is a relevant organization-level cognitive framework that can help organizations align their emissions with global climate targets.
When your neighbor becomes a threat
Authors: Pakkala-Weckström Mari
Published: October 2023

This paper analyzes how a series of online COVID-19-related discussions in a public social media group divided a
community consisting of part-time and permanent residents. The group is a general discussion forum aimed at the inhabitants of a
relatively small Finnish municipality. The discussions took place in March-April 2020, and the recurring topic was the potential
danger posed by holiday home owners, who permanent residents feared would bring the virus with them. The discussions escalated
quickly, and several threads went on simultaneously for some weeks. In the discussions, an ingroup and an outgroup were instantly
formed. The material is analyzed from the point of view of categorization analysis, hate speech and metapragmatics. I examine the
course of the discussions, and topics such as responsible behavior, health, and money. In
addition, I also examine the metapragmatic utterances and sequences, which steadily increased during the discussions, and take a
critical stance toward them. The research method employed will be qualitative content analysis.
CA and/or EDTA functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by oxidative precipitation from FeCl2 solution: structural and magnetic study
Authors: Milić Mirjana M , Jović Orsini Nataša , Markovic Smilja
Published: October 2023

Four samples containing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) of various sizes are prepared employing a simple low-temperature method of oxidative precipitation from FeCl2∙4H2O–NaOH–NaNO3 aqueous solution. For the preparation of two samples, the usual oxidation-precipitation synthesis protocol is modified by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent as a stabilizer of the Fe2+ ions in a solution, which results in the partial capping of the prepared MIONs with EDTA molecules. Three out of four samples are subjected to citric acid (CA) functionalization in the post synthesis protocol. Structural and magnetic properties of the synthesized MIONs are assessed using various experimental techniques (XRD, TEM, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, Mössbauer, and SQUID). The average size of spherical-like MIONs is tuned from 7 nm to 38 nm by changing the synthesis protocol. Their room temperature saturation magnetization, M
s, is in the range of 43 to 91 emu g−1. Magnetic heating ability, expressed via specific absorption rate value, which ranges from 139 to 390 W/gFe, is discussed in relation to their structural and magnetic properties and the possible energy dissipation mechanisms involved. The best heating performance is exhibited by the sample decorated with EDTA and with a bimodal size distribution with average particle sizes of 14 and 37 nm and M
s = 87 emu g−1. Though this sample contains particles prone to form aggregates, capping with EDTA provides good colloidal stability of this sample, thus preserving the magnetic heating ability. It is demonstrated that two samples, consisting of 7 nm-sized CA- or 14 nm-sized EDTA/CA-functionalized superparamagnetic MIONs, with a similar hydrodynamic radius, heat in a very similar way in the relatively fast oscillating alternating current magnetic field, f = 577 kHz.
2D photonic crystal biosensing platform based on coupled defective ring-shaped microcavity-two waveguides for diabetes detection using human tears
Authors: Tayoub Hadjira , Harhouz Ahlam , Hocini Abdesselam
Published: October 2023

This paper describes a two modes refractive index sensor based on photonic crystals (PhCs) for detecting diabetes in human tears samples. PhC-based biosensors are promising platforms to detect the analyte due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, low cost, and can be easily integrated with other electrical components. The proposed PhC biosensor consists of two waveguides coupled with one defective ring-shaped microcavity, the microcavity was created by removing seven lattice holes and shifting the inner ring-shaped hole vertically down by 0.45a, the whole microcavity system is separated from the two waveguides by three holes. The achieved sensitivity for this device comes out to be 659.83 nm RIU−1. The Q-factor, figure of merit (FOM), and limit of detection (LOD) were about 106, 106 RIU−1,and 10−7 RIU respectively. In general, our results revealed that the proposed device has appreciable potential to be used as a powerful tool to detect diabetes using tears. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor can be used as an alternative to painful pinpricks for diabetes testing. A brief comparison between the presented design and related literatures for detecting diabetes using refractive index biosensors is made to ensure effectiveness and the validity of the proposed biosensor. The high performance and simple design of the proposed biosensor make it a suitable candidate for bio-sensing applications.
Effect of thickness on nonlinear optical properties of EZO thin films
Authors: Sharma Chetan , Barala Monika , Endale Getu , Kumari Vinay , Mohan Devendra
Published: October 2023

In the present work, the effect of thickness on the nonlinear optical properties of Erbium-doped zinc oxide (EZO) films has been investigated. Erbium-doped zinc oxide (EZO-doping concentration of 0.4 wt%) ‘thin films’ of variable thickness were prepared by a spin coating method. The film thickness varied from 92–365 nm. EZO (0.4 wt%) samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The z-scan method was applied to measure non-linearity for closed and open aperture configurations. The deposited films were found to have a significant growth orientation along the plane of (002). The deposited films satisfy two-photon absorption as indicated by the minus sign of n2. The values of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility for the EZO (0.4 wt%) thin film sample were found in the range of 10–6 esu. The Erbium-doped ZnO (0.4 wt%) sample exhibited the best nonlinear behavior at a thickness of 280 nm (β = 8.90 × 10–6 cm W−1, n2 = −5.29 × 10–5 esu, (3) = 14.7 × 10–6 esu). The samples under investigation should pave the path for designing high-order optical limiter devices.
Dispersion-dependent superluminal propagation and photon drag in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot molecule
Authors: Bashir Azmat Iqbal , Batool Syeda Uzma , Arif Ayesha , Shazad Asim
Published: October 2023

Controlling the basic properties of light such as polarization, angular momentum, and speed through various optical media leads to interesting phenomena in various fields such as quantum optics, photonics, plasmonics, and quantum information technology. Few of the phenomenon include, for instance, light storage, ultra-slow and ultra-fast propagation, optical transparency, and quantum entanglement via quantum coherence or superposition. The understanding of these phenomenon of milestone implications paved the way for the invention of novel classical and quantum technology. In this article, we present detailed theoretical and numerical demonstration on the dispersion-dependent phenomenon of slow and fast light, optically induced transparency, and photon drag. For this, we employ a three-level scheme of an ensemble of GaAs\AlGaAs double quantum dot molecule in cascade configuration. In particular, by tuning the medium dispersion we predict interesting interplay between ultra-slow and ultra-fast light propagation with vanishing, infinite, ultra-positive and ultra-negative group velocities, and optical-assisted quantum transparency. The quantum coherence of the dressed states modifies considerably the optical properties of the system in view of dispersion, absorption, electron energy loss, transmission, and photon drag. An interesting interplay between ultra-slow to ultra-fast propagation is found by tuning various optical parameters. The calculated superluminal value of group velocity is

±
6
×

1
0

11

m s−1. We also predict light propagation at vanishing and infinite group velocity. The calculated light drag is

±
6
×

10

−
6

rad/m.
Development of a nanosecond high voltage pulser based on Semiconductor Opening Switch
Authors: Zhu Jianbin , Lin Munan , Li Haibo , Zhang Wenqing , Liu Yuntao , Qi Xin
Published: October 2023

Nanosecond pulser is widely used in beam injection and
extraction. Semiconductor Opening Switch (SOS) is a type of high
voltage diode with P+-P-N-N+ semiconductor structure,
which has a great application prospect in pulse power technology for
its notably short switching-off time, high repetition rate and large
working current. The cutoff time of the SOS is dependent on the
duration and amplitude of the pumping current, which may reach
thousands of amperes. A two-stage magnetic compression pumping
circuit without external demagnetization cicuits is proposed to meet
the operational requirements of SOS. The circuit was simulated by
Pspice, which confirmed the principle of the circuit. A prototype of
the pulser was constructed based on the simulation analysis. The
experiments indicated that the reverse pumping current with
amplitude of 460 A and duration of 18 ns, and a 16 kV, duration
of 14 ns pulse was generated on the load of 50 Ω. The
design, simulation and the test results of the nanosecond high
voltage pulser are presented in the paper.
R2D2 TPC: first Xenon results
Authors: Bouet R. , Busto J. , Cecchini V. , Cerna C. , Charpentier P. , Chapellier M. , Dastgheibi-Fard A. , Druillole F. , Jollet C. , Hellmuth P. , Gros M. , Lautridou P. , Meregaglia A. , Navick X.F. , Piquemal F. , Popieul F. , Roche M. , Savvidis I. , Thomas B.
Published: October 2023

Radial time projection chambers (TPC), already employed in
the search for rare phenomena such as light Dark Matter candidate,
could provide a new detection approach for the search of
neutrinoless double beta decay (ββ0ν). The assessment of
the performances of such a detector for ββ0ν search is
indeed the goal of the Rare Decays with Radial Detector (R2D2)
R&D. Promising results operating a spherical TPC with argon up to
1 bar have been published in 2021. Supplementary measurements were
recently taken extending the gas pressure range up to 3 bar. In
addition, a comparison between two detector geometries, namely
spherical (SPC for spherical proportional counter) and cylindrical
(CPC for cylindrical proportional counter), was performed. Using a
relatively simple gas purification system the CPC detector was also
operated with xenon at 1 bar: an energy resolution of 1.4%
full-width at half-maximum was achieved for drift distances up to
17 cm. Much lower resolution was observed with the SPC. These
results are presented in this article.
Alcohol and cancer: a denied association the statement of the Italian society on alcohol (Società Italiana di Alcologia—SIA)
Authors: Testino Gianni , Scafato Emanuele , Patussi Valentino , Balbinot Patrizia , Ghiselli Andrea , Caputo Fabio
Published: October 2023

Alcohol consumption (AC) is carcinogenic to humans. The Italian Society on Alcohol (Società Italiana di Alcologia) defines excessive AC as anything greater than zero. It is not appropriate to associate AC with cardiovascular disease prevention. This is for prudence and to protect public health. It also asks to include information on alcohol labels that AC is associated with cancer.
The effect of privacy on market structure and prices
Authors: Bird Daniel , Neeman Zvika
Published: October 2023

Protection of consumers’ privacy is often motivated by the fear that, without it, consumers may be exploited via personalized pricing. We explain how privacy may affect prices in search markets through a different channel, namely, the effect privacy has on market structure. If privacy is not protected, then in addition to consumer search, firms may engage in targeted advertising. We show that privacy protection reduces consumer surplus if firms price discriminates between the search and advertising markets. Absent such discrimination, privacy protection increases consumer surplus only if the advertising market is large and noncompetitive. We relate our results to the “privacy paradox.”
Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys
Authors: Liu Xu , Cheng Zhixian , Lin He , Tan Jiangxiu , Chen Wenyao , Bao Yichuan , Liu Ying , Zhong Lei , Yao Yitian , Wang Liping , Wang Jijun , Gu Yong
Published: October 2023

Oculomotor behavior has been shown to be correlated with mental disorders in clinics, making it promising for disease diagnosis. Here we developed a thorough oculomotor test toolkit, involving saccade, smooth pursuit, and fixation, allowing the examination of multiple oculomotor parameters in monkey models induced by psychoactive drugs. Eye movements were recorded after daily injections of phencyclidine (PCP) (3.0 mg/kg), ketamine (0.8 mg/kg) or controlled saline in two macaque monkeys. Both drugs led to robust reduction in accuracy and increment in reaction time during high cognitive-demanding tasks. Saccades, smooth pursuit, and fixation stability were also significantly impaired. During fixation, the involuntary microsaccades exhibited increased amplitudes and were biased toward the lower visual field. Pupillary response was reduced during cognitive tasks. Both drugs also increased sensitivity to auditory cues as reflected in auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Thus, our animal model induced by psychoactive drugs produced largely similar abnormalities to that in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, a classifier based on dimension reduction and machine learning could reliably identify altered states induced by different drugs (PCP, ketamine and saline, accuracy = 93%). The high performance of the classifier was reserved even when data from one monkey were used for training and testing the other subject (averaged classification accuracy = 90%). Thus, despite heterogeneity in baseline oculomotor behavior between the two monkeys, our model allows data transferability across individuals, which could be beneficial for future evaluation of pharmaceutical or physical therapy validity.
Diversifying faculty recruitment in biomedical sciences
Authors: Yassa Michael A. , Edinger Aimee L.
Published: October 2023

A wealth of data has consistently demonstrated that a diverse faculty maximizes productivity and innovation in the research enterprise and increases the persistence and success of groups that are underrepresented in STEM. While the diversity of students in graduate programs has steadily increased, faculty diversity, particularly in the biomedical sciences, continues to remain relatively flat. Several issues contribute to this mismatch between the pipeline and the professoriate including biases in search and hiring practices, lack of equity and equal opportunities for individuals from underrepresented backgrounds, and unwelcoming campus climates that lead to marginalization and isolation in academic life. A comprehensive approach that addresses these challenges is necessary for institutions of higher education to achieve their faculty diversity goals and create a climate where individuals from all groups feel welcomed and succeed. This article focuses on the first step in this approach–diversifying faculty recruitment through adopting search practices that generate an applicant pool that matches national availability, ensures equity in evaluation and hiring practices, and promotes inclusion and belonging in the hiring experience. These strategies have been recently used at the University of California, Irvine's School of Biological Sciences and while the long‐term impact remains unknown, short‐term outcomes in recruitment and hiring have demonstrated significant improvement over previous years.
The roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in human myotubes are dependent on donor patho‐physiological background
Authors: Irshad Zehra , Lund Jenny , Sillars Anne , Løvsletten Nils Gunnar , Gharanei Seley , Salt Ian P. , Freeman Dilys J. , Gill Jason M. R. , Thoresen G. Hege , Rustan Arild C. , Zammit Victor A.
Published: October 2023

The roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in lipid metabolism and insulin responsiveness of human skeletal muscle were studied using cryosections and myotubes prepared from muscle biopsies from control, athlete, and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) cohorts of men. The previously observed increases in intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) in athletes and IGR were shown to be related to an increase in lipid droplet (LD) area in type I fibers in athletes but, conversely, in type II fibers in IGR subjects. Specific inhibition of both diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 decreased fatty acid (FA) uptake by myotubes, whereas only DGAT2 inhibition also decreased fatty acid oxidation. Fatty acid uptake in myotubes was negatively correlated with the lactate thresholds of the respective donors. DGAT2 inhibition lowered acetate uptake and oxidation in myotubes from all cohorts whereas DGAT1 inhibition had no effect. A positive correlation between acetate oxidation in myotubes and resting metabolic rate (RMR) from fatty acid oxidation in vivo was observed. Myotubes from athletes and IGR had higher rates of de novo lipogenesis from acetate that were normalized by DGAT2 inhibition. Moreover, DGAT2 inhibition in myotubes also resulted in increased insulin‐induced Akt phosphorylation. The differential effects of DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibition suggest that the specialized role of DGAT2 in esterifying nascent diacylglycerols and de novo synthesized FA is associated with synthesis of a pool of triacylglycerol, which upon hydrolysis results in effectors that promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation but decrease insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells.
Acute stress modulates the outcome of traumatic brain injury‐associated gene expression and behavioral responses
Authors: Reiners Johanna Christina , Leopold Laura , Hallebach Vera , Sinske Daniela , Meier Philip , Amoroso Mattia , Langgartner Dominik , Reber Stefan O. , Knöll Bernd
Published: October 2023

Psychological stress and traumatic brain injury (TBI) result in long‐lasting emotional and behavioral impairments in patients. So far, the interaction of psychological stress with TBI not only in the brain but also in peripheral organs is poorly understood. Herein, the impact of acute stress (AS) occurring immediately before TBI is investigated. For this, a mouse model of restraint stress and TBI was employed, and their influence on behavior and gene expression in brain regions, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and peripheral organs was analyzed. Results demonstrate that, compared to single AS or TBI exposure, mice treated with AS prior to TBI showed sex‐specific alterations in body weight, memory function, and locomotion. The induction of immediate early genes (IEGs, e.g., c‐Fos) by TBI was modulated by previous AS in several brain regions. Furthermore, IEG upregulation along the HPA axis (e.g., pituitary, adrenal glands) and other peripheral organs (e.g., heart) was modulated by AS–TBI interaction. Proteomics of plasma samples revealed proteins potentially mediating this interaction. Finally, the deletion of Atf3 diminished the TBI‐induced induction of IEGs in peripheral organs but left them largely unaltered in the brain. In summary, AS immediately before brain injury affects the brain and, to a strong degree, also responses in peripheral organs.
Survival rate of vaginal cancer in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vali Mohebat , Maleki Zahra , Jahani Mohammad-Ali , hajizade-valokolaee Maryam , Hashemi Seyedeh Niko , sedighi Saman , Ghelichi-ghojogh Mousa , Hassanipour Soheil , Solati Arezo , Javanian Mostafa , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Vaginal cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women, which mostly takes place in low- and middle-income countries. Assessing the survival rate of vaginal cancer is essential to investigate the success rate of current treatments and screening tools. This study aims to determine the survival rate of vaginal cancer in Asia.

Methods:

This systematic review was carried out using four international databases, including Medline/Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and also Google Scholar. Articles were investigated up to the end of August 2021. The authors utilized the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of the articles. Evaluating the papers for heterogeneity was performed using the Cochrane test and I² statistic. Meta-regression analysis was also applied based on the year of the study.

Results:

Three articles (13 records) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Based on the random model, the overall 5-year survival rate was 74.63%. Also, the rates of survival in relation to the type of treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other modalities, were 78.53, 78.44, and 68.54%, respectively. According to meta-regression analysis, no correlation was found between the survival rate and the year of the study.

Conclusion:

The vaginal cancer survival rate is lower in Asian countries compared to that of developed countries. Increasing patient survival rates in such countries is crucial by implementing newer diagnostic tools, advanced surgical techniques, and goal-oriented treatments. Early diagnosis in lower stages and educating the populations about risk factors and preventative measures are also necessary for raising the rate of survival.
Using the natural language processing system MedNER-J to analyze pharmaceutical care records
Authors: Ohno Yukiko , Kato Riri , Ishikawa Haruki , Nishiyama Tomohiro , Isawa Minae , Mochizuki Mayumi , Aramaki Eiji , Aomori Tohru
Published: October 2023

Large language models have propelled recent advances in artificial intelligence technology, facilitating the extraction of medical information from unstructured data such as medical records. Although named entity recognition (NER) is used to extract data from physicians’ records, it has yet to be widely applied to pharmaceutical care records.

In this report, we investigated the feasibility of automatic extraction of patients’ diseases and symptoms from pharmaceutical care records. The verification was performed using MedNER-J, a Japanese disease-extraction system designed for physicians’ records.

MedNER-J was applied to subjective, objective, assessment, and plan data from the care records of 49 patients who received cefazolin sodium injection at Keio University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. The performance of MedNER-J was evaluated in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure.

The F-measure of NER for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan data was 0.46, 0.70, 0.76, and 0.35, respectively. In NER and positive–negative classification, the F-measure was 0.28, 0.39, 0.64, and 0.077, respectively. The F-measure of NER for objective and assessment data (F=0.70, 0.76) was higher than that for subjective and plan data, which supported the superiority of NER performance for objective and assessment data. This might be because objective and assessment data contained many technical terms, similar to the training data for MedNER-J. Meanwhile, the F-measure of NER and positive-negative classification was high for assessment data alone (F=0.64), which was attributed to the similarity of its description format and contents to those of the training data.

MedNER-J successfully read pharmaceutical care records and showed the best performance for assessment data. However, challenges remain in analyzing records other than assessment data. Therefore, it will be necessary to reinforce the training data for subjective data in order to apply the system to pharmaceutical care records.
Hebbian plasticity induced by temporally coincident BCI enhances post-stroke motor recovery
Authors: Krueger Johanna , Krauth Richard , Reichert Christoph , Perdikis Serafeim , Vogt Susanne , Huchtemann Tessa , Duerschmid Stefan , Sickert Almut , Lamprecht Juliane , Huremovic Almir , Goertler Michael , Nasuto Slawomir J. , Tsai I-Chin , Knight Robert T. , Hinrichs Hermann , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Lindquist Sabine , Sailer Michael , Millan Jose del R. , Sweeney-Reed Catherine M.
Published: October 2023

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can support functional restoration of a paretic limb post-stroke. Hebbian plasticity depends on temporally coinciding pre- and post-synaptic activity. A tight temporal relationship between motor cortical (MC) activity associated with attempted movement and FES-generated visuo-proprioceptive feedback is hypothesized to enhance motor recovery. Using a brain-computer interface (BCI) to classify MC spectral power in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to trigger FES-delivery with detection of movement attempts improved motor outcomes in chronic stroke patients. We hypothesized that heightened neural plasticity earlier post-stroke would further enhance corticomuscular functional connectivity and motor recovery. We compared subcortical non-dominant hemisphere stroke patients in BCI-FES and Random-FES (FES temporally independent of MC movement attempt detection) groups. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). We recorded high-density EEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potentials before and after treatment. The BCI group showed greater: FMA-UE improvement; motor evoked potential amplitude; beta oscillatory power and long-range temporal correlation reduction over contralateral MC; and corticomuscular coherence with contralateral MC. These changes are consistent with enhanced post-stroke motor improvement when movement is synchronized with MC activity reflecting attempted movement.
Integrated characterization of cell types, states and molecular programs in disseminated appendiceal neoplasms
Authors: Bui Linh T. , Cao Xu , Wang Jinhui , Meng Fan , Feng Mingye , Arvanitis Leonidas , Mannan Rifat , Woo Yanghee , Idrees Kamran , Banovich Nicholas E. , Raoof Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Appendiceal neoplasms include a heterogeneous group of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors with varying malignant potential. Despite the rise in incidence of appendiceal neoplasms in recent years, limited progress has been made in the understanding, management and therapeutic treatment. To comprehensively characterize the cell types and molecular mechanisms driving cellular remodeling in epithelial appendiceal neoplasms, we performed an integrated scRNA-seq study. We analyzed 126,998 cells from 16 appendix samples (11 peritoneal metastases samples, 5 healthy controls) and identified 33 distinct cell types/cell states with seven being cancer-specific. Highlights of our study include the characterization of tumor cells across the histologic spectrum, the identification of a novel cancer-associated-fibroblast (CAF) subtypes (fiCAFs) and the identification of pathologic-specific cellular crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Together, our study provides a high-resolution insight into the complexity and heterogeneity of epithelial appendiceal neoplasms and a valuable resource for therapeutic strategies.
Analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ by self-reported race reveals molecular differences related to outcome
Authors: Strand Siri H. , Houlahan Kathleen E. , Branch Vernal , Lynch Thomas , Harmon Bryan , Couch Fergus , Gallagher Kristalyn , Kilgore Mark , Wei Shi , DeMichele Angela , King Tari , McAuliffe Priscilla , Curtis Christina , Owzar Kouros , Marks Jeffrey R. , Colditz Graham A. , Hwang E. Shelley , West Robert B.
Published: October 2023

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Studies have indicated differences in DCIS outcome based on race or ethnicity, but molecular differences have not been investigated. We examined the molecular profile of DCIS by self-reported race (SRR) and outcome groups in Black (n=99) and White (n=191) women with DCIS in a large DCIS case-control cohort with longitudinal follow up. Gene expression and pathway analyses indicated that different genes and pathways are involved in ipsilateral breast outcome (DCIS or IBC) after DCIS treatment in White versus Black women. We identified differences in ER and HER2 expression, tumor microenvironment composition, and copy number variations by SRR and outcome groups. Our results suggest that different molecular mechanisms drive subsequent ipsilateral breast events in Black versus White women.