bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with a Novel Coated Low-Profile Flow Diverter (p48 HPC)—A Single-Center Experience and an Illustrative Case Series
Authors: Krug Nadja , Kirschke Jan S. , Maegerlein Christian , Kreiser Kornelia , Wostrack Maria , Meyer Bernhard , Albrecht Carolin , Zimmer Claus , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Sepp Dominik
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The p48 MW HPC is a novel low-profile flow diverter covered by a hydrophilic polymer coating with antithrombogenic properties, which may reduce ischemic complications and enable a single antiplatelet therapy after insertion of the stent. In this single-center experience, we describe the efficacy of this device, focusing on the illustration of different therapeutic indications and the outcome in various clinical settings with regard to vessel anatomy, bleeding state, and aneurysm configuration. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our database for all patients being treated with a p48 MW HPC flow diverter between February 2019 and July 2021. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated according to the O’Kelly–Marotta (OKM) scale in the last digital subtraction angiography (DSA) follow-up. Information on complications and medications were collected from our medical records. In addition, to illustrate different indications and clinical settings, we present six of these cases in closer detail. Results: 18 aneurysms in 14 patients were treated with the p48 MW HPC flow diverter and in one case with an additional Derivo device. Periprocedural events occurred in 28.6% of the treated patients, which were all successfully resolved within the same session. Follow-up examination information was available for 67% of patients, of which 75% showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm and 83.3% showed a favorable occlusion result (OKM C-D). Two patients with ruptured aneurysms received a single antiplatelet therapy with ASA without thrombotic complications, at least in the short term. New braid deformation patterns were observed in 16.6% at the follow-up examination, but none with subsequent clinical significance. Conclusions: The p48 MW HPC is safe and effective in the treatment of a wide spectrum of differently configurated, ruptured, and unruptured aneurysms. Single antiplatelet therapy might be an option in selected cases.
Analyzing Antecedent Configurations of Group Emotion Generation in Public Emergencies: A Multi-Factor Coupling Approach
Authors: Yan Xiaohan , Liu Yi , Chen Yan , Liu Tiezhong
Published: January 2025

To enhance emergency management and public opinion governance, improve the accuracy of forecasting group emotional responses, and elucidate the complex pathways of multi-factor coupling in the formation of group emotions, this study constructs a theoretical framework grounded in the social combustion theory. Through web scraping and text sentiment analysis, group emotional tendencies were measured in 40 public emergency cases from the past five years. Using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method, the study explored the coupling, configuration effect, and formation pathways of factors such as “burning substance”, “accelerant”, and “ignition” in the emergence of group emotions. The results reveal significant differences in the generation pathways of positive versus negative group emotion. Inter-group threat as a “burning substance” is more likely to trigger negative group emotion, while “accelerant” plays a pivotal role in shaping and guiding emotional responses. Notably, the government’s response speed is critical for fostering positive emotions, whereas the emergence of rumors significantly contributes to the spread of negative group emotions. Additionally, the occurrence of stimulating events markedly increases the generation of negative group emotions. This study provides an important theoretical foundation and practical insights for the management and regulation of group emotions.
Degradation Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Antioxidant Activity of PCL-Based Scaffolds with In Situ Grown Nanohydroxyapatite on Graphene Oxide Nanoscrolls
Authors: Mambiri Lillian Tsitsi , Depan Dilip
Published: January 2025

Polycaprolactone (PCL) degradation is critical in bone tissue engineering, where scaffold degradation must align with tissue regeneration to ensure stability and integration. This study explores the effects of nanofillers, hydroxyapatite (nHA), and graphene oxide nanoscrolls (GONS) on PCL-based scaffold degradation kinetics. Both PHAP (nHA-PCL) and PGAP (nHA-GONS-PCL) scaffolds exhibited changes to relaxation-driven degradation, as indicated by adherence to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R2 = 1.00). PHAP scaffolds showed lower activation energies (5.02–5.54 kJ/mol), promoting faster chain relaxation and degradation in amorphous regions. PGAP scaffolds, with higher activation energies (12.88–12.90 kJ/mol), displayed greater resistance to chain relaxation and slower degradation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that both nanofillers disrupted the crystalline regions, shifting degradation behavior from diffusion-based to relaxation-driven mechanisms in the amorphous zones, which was also reflected by changes in crystallization temperature (Tc) and melting temperature (Tm). Additionally, PGAP scaffolds demonstrated antioxidant potential, which decreased over time as degradation progressed. These results provide a mechanistic understanding of how nanofiller-modulated degradation dynamics can be strategically leveraged to optimize scaffold performance, facilitating precise control over degradation rates and bioactivity.
Multi-Centered Pre-Treatment CT-Based Radiomics Features to Predict Locoregional Recurrence of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yu Nuo , Ge Xiaolin , Zuo Lijing , Cao Ying , Wang Peipei , Liu Wenyang , Deng Lei , Zhang Tao , Wang Wenqing , Wang Jianyang , Lv Jima , Xiao Zefen , Feng Qinfu , Zhou Zongmei , Bi Nan , Zhang Wencheng , Wang Xin
Published: January 2025

Purpose: We constructed a prediction model to predict a 2-year locoregional recurrence based on the clinical features and radiomic features extracted from the machine learning method using computed tomography (CT) before definite chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in locally advanced esophageal cancer. Patients and methods: A total of 264 patients (156 in Beijing, 87 in Tianjin, and 21 in Jiangsu) were included in this study. All those locally advanced esophageal cancer patients received definite radiotherapy and were randomly divided into five subgroups with a similar number and divided into training groups and validation groups by five cross-validations. The esophageal tumor and extratumoral esophagus were segmented to extract radiomic features from the gross tumor volume (GTV) drawn by radiation therapists before radiotherapy, and six clinical features associated with prognosis were added. T stage, N stage, M stage, total TNM stage, GTV, and GTVnd volume were included to construct a prediction model to predict the 2-year locoregional recurrence of patients after definitive radiotherapy. Results: A total of 264 patients were enrolled from August 2012 to April 2018, with a median age of 62 years and 81% were males. The 2-year locoregional recurrence rate was 52.6%, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 45.6%. About 66% of patients received concurrent chemotherapy. In total, we extracted 786 radiomic features from CT images and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used to screen out the maximum 30 features. Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was used to construct the integrated prediction model combining radiomics and clinical features. In the five training groups for predicting locoregional recurrence, the mean value of C-index was 0.9841 (95%CI, 0.9809–0.9873), and in the five validation groups, the mean value was 0.744 (95%CI, 0.7437–0.7443). Conclusions: The integrated radiomics model could predict the 2-year locoregional recurrence after dCRT. The model showed promising results and could help guide treatment decisions by identifying high-risk patients and enabling strategies to prevent early recurrence.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and Its Isoforms: Insights into the Mechanisms of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Abdul Hafizz Abdul Muzhill Hannaan , Mohd Mokthar Norfilza , Md Zin Reena Rahayu , P. Mongan Nigel , Mamat @ Yusof Mohd Nazzary , Kampan Nirmala Chandralega , Chew Kah Teik , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir
Published: January 2025

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynaecological malignancy associated with metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, as well as hormonal imbalances, particularly involving oestrogen and progesterone. These factors disrupt normal cellular metabolism, heightening the risk of developing endometrioid EC (EEC), the most prevalent subtype of EC. The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) pathway, a key regulator of growth, metabolism, and organ function, is implicated in EC progression. Recent research highlights the distinct roles of IGF1 isoforms, including IGF1-Ea, IGF1-Eb, and IGF1-Ec, in promoting tumour growth, metastasis, and hormone signalling interactions, particularly with oestrogen. This review examines the function and clinical significance of IGF-1 isoforms, emphasising their mechanisms in gynaecological physiology and their contributions to EC pathogenesis. Evidence from other cancers further underscores the relevance of IGF1 isoforms in driving tumour behaviours, offering valuable insights into their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Understanding these mechanisms provides opportunities for novel approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of EC, improving patient outcomes and advancing the broader field of hormone-driven cancers.
Prioritizing Context-Dependent Cancer Gene Signatures in Networks
Authors: Capobianco Enrico , Lisse Thomas S. , Rieger Sandra
Published: January 2025

There are numerous ways of portraying cancer complexity based on combining multiple types of data. A common approach involves developing signatures from gene expression profiles to highlight a few key reproducible features that provide insight into cancer risk, progression, or recurrence. Normally, a selection of such features is made through relevance or significance, given a reference context. In the case of highly metastatic cancers, numerous gene signatures have been published with varying levels of validation. Then, integrating the signatures could potentially lead to a more comprehensive view of the connection between cancer and its phenotypes by covering annotations not fully explored in individual studies. This broader understanding of disease phenotypes would improve the predictive accuracy of statistical models used to identify meaningful associations. We present an example of this approach by reconciling a great number of published signatures into meta-signatures relevant to Osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis. We generate a well-annotated and interpretable interactome network from integrated OS gene expression signatures and identify key nodes that regulate essential aspects of metastasis. While the connected signatures link diverse prognostic measurements for OS, the proposed approach is applicable to any type of cancer.
Recent Advances in Methanol Steam Reforming Catalysts for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Liu Diru , Wang Yiying , Zhao Lin , Xu Guangyan , Yu Yunbo , He Hong
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of carbon neutrality has accelerated advancements in sustainable hydrogen production and storage methods, increasing the importance of methanol steam reforming (MSR) technology. Catalysts are central to MSR technology and are primarily classified into copper-based and noble metal-based catalysts. This review begins with an examination of the active components of these catalysts, tracing the evolution of the understanding of active sites over the past four decades. It then explores the roles of various supports and promoters, along with mechanisms of catalyst deactivation. To address the diverse perspectives on the MSR reaction mechanism, the existing research is systematically organized and synthesized, providing a detailed account of the reaction mechanisms associated with both catalyst types. The discussion concludes with a forward-looking perspective on MSR catalyst development, emphasizing strategies such as anti-sintering methods for copper-based catalysts, approaches to reduce byproduct formation in palladium-based catalysts, comprehensive research methodologies for MSR mechanisms, and efforts to enhance atomic utilization efficiency.
Investigation of Pore Size on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of 316L Stainless Steel Porous Electrodes
Authors: Solorio Victor Manuel , Olmos Luis , Velasco-Plascencia Melina , Vergara-Hernández Héctor J. , Villalobos Julio C. , Machado López Mario Misael , Salgado López Juan Manuel
Published: January 2025

This work aims to analyze the effect of pore size on the catalytic reaction of 316L stainless steel electrodes. Porous compacts were fabricated using the space holder technique and sintering at low temperatures. The fabricated porous compacts were characterized using computed tomography and the hydrogen evolution reaction was evaluated under 0.5 M and 1.5 M NaOH. Results indicate that porosity is well controlled by the pore formers, which allows different pore size distributions of pores with similar relative density values to be obtained. The pores are fully interconnected, allowing the passing of fluid throughout the compacts. Permeability is sensitive to the pore size, increasing as the pore size does. The catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction HER is improved as the pore volume and pore size increase concerning the compact fabricated without pore formers. The compact that showed higher Cdl and Rf values was fabricated with S100 pore formers, which means a higher active area that favors the HER. It can be concluded that porosity enhances HER reactivity. However, larger pores are not beneficial due to a more significant permeability value.
Advances in Stem Cell Therapy for Huntington’s Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Shah Siddharth , Mansour Hadeel M. , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: January 2025

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and progressive cognitive impairment. It is estimated to affect 4.3 to 10.6 per 100,000 people worldwide, and the mean prevalence rate among all published studies, reviews, and genetic HD registries is 5.7 per 100,000. A key feature of HD is the loss of striatal neurons and cortical atrophy. Although there is no cure at present, the discovery of the gene causing HD has brought us into a new DNA era and therapeutic advances for several neurological disorders. PubMed was systematically searched using three search strings: ‘“Huntington disease” + “stem cell”’, ‘”Huntington disease” + Mesenchymal stromal cell’, and ‘”Huntington disease” + “induced pluripotent stem cell”’. For each string, the search results were categorized based on cell type, and papers that included a clinical analysis were categorized as well. The data were extracted up to 2024. We did not include other databases in our search to have a comparable and systematic review of the literature on the topic. The collected data were analyzed and used for critical interpretation in the present review. Data are presented chronologically as clinical studies were published. Therapeutic strategies based on stem cells have drawn a lot of interest as possible HD therapies. Recent research indicates that NSCs have been the most often utilized stem cell type for treating HD. NSCs have been generated and extracted from a variety of sources, including HD patients’ somatic cells and the brain itself. There is strong evidence supporting the transplantation of stem cells or their derivatives in HD animal models, even if stem-cell-based preclinical and clinical trials are still in their early stages. Current treatment only aims at relieving the symptoms rather than treating the pathogenesis of the disease. Although preclinical trials in HD models have shown promise in improving cognitive and motor functions, stem cell therapy still faces many challenges and disadvantages including immunosuppression and immunorejection as well as ethical, technical, and safety concerns. Further research is required for a definitive conclusion.
MOF(CuBDC)-Microcantilever IR Spectroscopy for Methane Sensing with High Sensitivity and Selectivity
Authors: Seo Seungwan , Kwon Seok Bin , Park Yangkyu
Published: January 2025

Methane, a greenhouse gas with 21 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide, is increasingly subject to stringent emission regulations, driving the demand for high-performance methane sensors. This study proposes a novel IR spectroscopy technique based on a CuBDC-integrated microcantilever (CuBDC-microcantilever IR spectroscopy) for CH4 sensing, offering exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. The metal-organic framework (MOF) CuBDC was synthesized on the microcantilever using a drop-and-dry method facilitated by an intense pulsed light technique. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of CuBDC on the microcantilever. The CuBDC-microcantilever IR spectroscopy demonstrated a significantly enhanced sensitivity, with a differential amplitude at the CH4 characteristic peak approximately 13 times higher than that of a conventional Si microcantilever. Moreover, the limit of detection was determined to be as low as 14.05 ppm. The clear separation of the CH4 characteristic peak from the water and acetone vapor peaks also emphasized the sensor’s high selectivity. These findings highlight the superior sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed sensor, positioning it as a promising platform for CH4 detection in industrial and environmental applications.
Clinical Insight into Congenital Hypothyroidism Among Children
Authors: Korkmaz Hüseyin Anıl
Published: January 2025

Molecular, genetic, and technological advances have led to increased knowledge regarding neonatal thyroid hormone metabolism disorders. Maternal and fetal hypothyroidism, which can cause psychomotor dysfunction syndromes or low IQ levels, can lead to brain damage, reduced fetal growth and incidental fetal death. The treatment of congenital hypothyroidism detected by screening programs performed during the neonatal period provides normalization of growth, IQ levels, and the physical, mental, and motor development of infants. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism will prevent the development of complications. In this article, the classification and management of neonatal thyroid diseases are reviewed in light of the current scientific literature.
Expression Analysis and Functional Validation of DcTPSb1 in Terpene Synthesis of Dendrobium chrysotoxum
Authors: Jin Yuxuan , Zhou Shuting , Du Zhihui , Wang Weize , Chen Zhilin
Published: January 2025

Terpenes are critical components of the floral fragrance component in Dendrobium chrysotoxum, synthesized by terpene synthase (TPS). Analysis of the D. chrysotoxum genome and transcriptional data revealed that the gene DcTPSb1 was significantly up-regulated during flowering periods, showing a strong correlation with the accumulation of aromatic monoterpenes in the floral components of Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Consequently, the DcTPSb1 gene was selected for further analysis. DcTPSb1 exhibited elevated expression levels in flowers among four organs (roots, stems, leaves, flowers) of D. chrysotoxum, with the highest expression observed during the blooming phase, which aligned with the accumulation of volatile terpenes during flowering. DcTPSb1, located in the chloroplasts, was identified as a member of the TPS-b subfamily associated with monoterpenes synthesis, showing close phylogenetic relationships with homologous proteins in related plant species. An analysis of the promoter region of DcTPSb1 indicated that it may be regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) responsiveness. Functionally, DcTPSb1 was shown to catalyze the conversion of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to linalool, ocimene, and (-)-α-pinitol in vitro. Overexpression of DcTPSb1 in tobacco resulted in a significant increase in terpenoid release during the blooming stage; however, the up-regulated substances did not include their catalytic products. The classification of DcTPSb1 as a terpene synthase capable of producing multiple products provides valuable insights into the complex biosynthesis of terpenes in orchids. These findings enhance our understanding of the functional diversity of DcTPSb1 and the processes involved in terpene biosynthesis in orchids.
Social Media Depiction of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate: Instagram Versus YouTube Shorts Analysis: Instagram Post Versus Instagram Reel Analysis
Authors: Lewis Joshua , Patel Manav , Tabukumm Nangah , Lee Wei-Chen
Published: January 2025

Study Design: Qualitative analysis study. Introduction: Social media has been pivotal in the dissemination of medical knowledge to the public. The aim was to identify the demographics of individuals posting about cleft lip and palate on YouTube Shorts and Instagram, to characterize the content of these posts, and to highlight factors that could aid surgeons in better educating patients with cleft lip and palate. Methods: Instagram posts and YouTube Shorts with “#cleftlip”, “#cleftawareness”, “#cleftpalate”, “#cleftplipandpalate”, and “#cleftproud” were searched on 8 June 2024. Postings were subclassified and analyzed for content, including topics of posts, authors, media type, tone of the post, and year of post. Results: A total of 3321 posts were analyzed, with 2698 coming from Instagram and 623 from YouTube Shorts. The majority of content creators were patients and their family members (n = 2054, 61.8%), cleft lip and palate foundations (n = 384, 11.6%), and companies (n = 381, 11.5%). Only 167 posts were authored by physicians (5.1%). Among the educational and informational posts, patients and family members accounted for the majority of the posts (409 posts, 57.7%). Physicians contributed to a small fraction of the educational content (37 posts, 5.2%). Conclusions: Physician participation in the cleft lip and palate social media realm on Instagram and YouTube Shorts was found to be limited. Moreover, there was a scarcity of educational content on both platforms, indicating a significant opportunity for physicians to engage more actively in cleft lip and palate social media discussions.
Solution Deposition Planarization as an Alternative to Electro-Mechanical Polishing for HTS Coated-Conducters
Authors: Piperno Laura , Celentano Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Mechanically flexible substrates are increasingly utilized in electronics and advanced energy technologies like solar cells and high-temperature superconducting coated conductors (HTS-CCs). These substrates offer advantages, such as large surface areas and reduced manufacturing costs through reel-to-reel processing, but often lack the surface smoothness needed for optimal performance. For HTS-CCs, specific orientation and high crystalline quality are essential, requiring buffer layers to prepare the amorphous substrate for superconductor deposition. Techniques, such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, and chemical-mechanical polishing, can help achieve an optimally levelled surface suitable for the subsequent steps of sputtering and ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) necessary for texturing. This review examines Solution Deposition Planarization (SDP) as a cost-effective alternative to traditional electro-mechanical polishing for HTS coated conductors. SDP achieves surface roughness levels below 1 nm through multiple oxide layer coatings, offering reduced production costs. Comparative studies demonstrate planarization efficiencies of up to 20%. Ongoing research aims to enhance SDP’s efficiency for industrial applications in CC production.
Effects of Different Coatings on Concrete Elements Due to Chloride Ion Penetration
Authors: Menegussi Portela Giovanna , Pacheco Fernanda , Ehrenbring Hinoel Zamis , Christ Roberto , Tutikian Bernardo , Mancio Mauricio
Published: January 2025

Reinforced concrete structures are susceptible to chloride ion attack under different conditions, such as water reservoirs, coastal regions, and industrial locations. The physical and mechanical properties of concrete are known to considerably affect the ion penetration velocity. However, studies addressing the effect of coatings on the chloride ion penetration of reinforced concrete are limited. Thus, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of different surface coatings on chloride ion penetration in concrete elements. Acrylic, polyurethane, and epoxy resin coatings were applied in two layers as recommended by the manufacturers. Natural environment chloride ion exposure was conducted in loco in the city of Torres, Brazil, at two marine locations with different geographical characteristics and distances from the sea. In addition, laboratory tests consisting of salt spray and penetration-by-immersion tests were conducted. The concrete’s characteristics, including its compressive strength, water absorption, and void index, were evaluated. The results indicate higher efficiency with the polyurethane coating, while the acrylic resin had the worst results, with a difference of up to 4.5 mm between them.
A Comprehensive Exploration of 6G Wireless Communication Technologies
Authors: Siddiky Md Nurul Absar , Rahman Muhammad Enayetur , Uzzal Md Shahriar , Kabir H. M. Dipu
Published: January 2025

As the telecommunications landscape braces for the post-5G era, this paper embarks on delineating the foundational pillars and pioneering visions that define the trajectory toward 6G wireless communication systems. Recognizing the insatiable demand for higher data rates, enhanced connectivity, and broader network coverage, we unravel the evolution from the existing 5G infrastructure to the nascent 6G framework, setting the stage for transformative advancements anticipated in the 2030s. Our discourse navigates through the intricate architecture of 6G, highlighting the paradigm shifts toward superconvergence, non-IP-based networking protocols, and information-centric networks, all underpinned by a robust 360-degree cybersecurity and privacy-by-engineering design. Delving into the core of 6G, we articulate a systematic exploration of the key technologies earmarked to revolutionize wireless communication including terahertz (THz) waves, optical wireless technology, and dynamic spectrum management while elucidating the intricate trade-offs necessitated by the integration of such innovations. This paper not only lays out a comprehensive 6G vision accentuated by high security, affordability, and intelligence but also charts the course for addressing the pivotal challenges of spectrum efficiency, energy consumption, and the seamless integration of emerging technologies. In this study, our goal is to enrich the existing discussions and research efforts by providing comprehensive insights into the development of 6G technology, ultimately supporting the creation of a thoroughly connected future world that meets evolving demands.
Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Radić Josipa , Vučković Marijana , Belančić Andrej , Đogaš Hana , Radić Mislav
Published: January 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue defined by central obesity and at least two more of the following factors: high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. Managing MetS involves lifestyle changes, with the adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) playing a crucial role. MeDi, emphasizing the consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and improved glucoregulation. A randomized controlled trial showed that a low-carb MeDi resulted in a 30% lower relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to a low-fat diet. Additionally, meta-analytic data highlighted a strong inverse relationship between adherence to the MeDi and the incidence of diabetes. Furthermore, the MeDi’s anti-inflammatory properties help manage obesity-related low-grade chronic inflammation, crucial for weight management and the improvement of quality of life. The improvement of lipid profiles, reductions in low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, and an increase in HDL cholesterol were also found to be linked to MeDi adherence. However, despite its benefits, adherence to the MeDi varies widely, often being low to moderate in many Mediterranean populations. Improving adherence through physician advice and patient education is crucial for maximizing the MeDi’s potential to prevent and manage diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
Naegleria fowleri: Portrait of a Cerebral Killer
Authors: Phung Nguyen The Nguyen , Pham Huong Thien , Tran Thuc Thanh , Dinh Vu Hoang , Tran Nhut Minh , Tran Nuong Ai Nguyen , Ngo Minh Quang Ngoc , Nguyen Huong Thanh Thi , Tran Duy Khanh , Le Thao Kieu Thi , Quek Camelia , Pham Van Hung , Pham Son Truong
Published: January 2025

Background: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare and devastating infection of the central nervous system, often diagnosed late, due to its rapid progression and nonspecific symptoms. Case Presentation: We report one of the youngest documented pediatric Vietnamese cases of PAM in a 10-month-old girl from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The diagnosis was confirmed through multiplex real-time PCR (MPL-rPCR), microscopy, and sequencing. Clinical data were gathered retrospectively from medical records, and additional details were provided by the patient’s family. Treatment regimens, disease progression, and diagnostic challenges were reviewed and compared to existing literature. With intensive treatment, the child survived for 14 days, representing one of the longest reported pediatric PAM survival durations. No direct exposure to untreated freshwater or other typical risk factors for Naegleria fowleri infection was identified, underscoring the unique epidemiological nature of this case. MPL-rPCR enabled timely detection of the pathogen and demonstrated its utility in resource-limited settings. Conclusions: This case highlights the critical need for rapid, accessible diagnostic tools such as MPL-rPCR, particularly in resource-constrained environments where traditional diagnostics may not be feasible. It also emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and investment in cost-effective diagnostics and novel therapeutic strategies. The geographical expansion of PAM due to climate change further underscores the urgency of these measures to improve health outcomes in vulnerable populations.
Role of Gut and Urinary Microbiome in Children with Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srivastava Anjali , Shete Omprakash , Gulia Annu , Aggarwal Sumit , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Ahuja Vineet , Anand Sachit
Published: January 2025

Background: The complex interaction between the gut and urinary microbiota underscores the importance of understanding microbial dysbiosis in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the literature on the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTIs is limited. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on the roles of gut and urinary dysbiosis in pediatric UTIs. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. All studies published between January 2003 and December 2023 utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing to profile the gut or urinary microbiome in children with UTIs were included. Heat map visualization was used to compare microbial profiles between UTI and control cohorts. The methodological quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Results: Eight studies were included in this review. While five studies compared the microbiota signatures between patients and controls, three studies focused solely on the UTI cohort. Also, the gut and urinary microbiome profiles were investigated by four studies each. The consistent loss of microbiome alpha-diversity with an enrichment of specific putative pathobiont microbes was observed among the included studies. Escherichia coli consistently emerged as the predominant uropathogen in pediatric UTIs. In addition to this, Escherichia fergusonii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella flexneri were isolated in the urine of children with UTIs, and enrichment of Escherichia, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Bacillus was demonstrated in the gut microbiota of UTI patients. On the contrary, certain genera, such as Achromobacter, Alistipes, Ezakiella, Finegoldia, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Massilia, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Ureaplasma, were isolated from the controls, predominantly in the fecal samples. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable, with total scores (NOS) ranging from 5 to 8. Conclusions: The enrichment of specific pathobionts, such as Escherichia coli, in the fecal or urinary samples of the UTI cohort, along with the presence of core microbiome-associated genera in the non-UTI population, underscores the critical role of the gut–urinary axis in pediatric UTI pathogenesis. These findings highlight the potential for microbiome-based strategies in pediatric UTIs. Further studies with larger cohorts, standardized healthy controls, and longitudinal profiling are essential to validate these observations and translate them into clinical practice.
Umbilical Artery Thrombosis Masquerading as Single Umbilical Artery in a Stillbirth
Authors: Wong Yin Ping , Abd Rahman Rahana , Tan Ay Eeng , Tan Geok Chin
Published: January 2025

Background: Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) masquerading as a single umbilical artery (SUA) is a rare but critical diagnostic challenge in prenatal care. Case Presentation: We described a case of a 22-year-old primigravida with an uneventful obstetric history who presented with reduced fetal movements at 22 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound showed no gross fetal structural anomalies while umbilical artery Doppler flow imaging revealed an isolated SUA. The patient again presented with diminished fetal movement at 24 weeks gestation, and a diagnosis of intrauterine demise was confirmed ultrasonographically. She was then induced and delivered a macerated stillborn female fetus. Placental examination revealed three umbilical vessels with an occlusive thrombus seen within the umbilical artery consistent with UAT, a finding previously mistaken for SUA. Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties of UAT radiologically, especially when there was no prior documented evidence of two umbilical arteries. Identification of at-risk fetuses would allow for close monitoring or effective interventions to be implemented as early as possible to avert preventable fetal loss.
Virtual Force-Based Swarm Trajectory Design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Data Collection Internet of Things Networks
Authors: Liu Xuanlin , Wang Sihua , Yin Changchuan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the problem of trajectory design for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms in data collection Internet of Things (IoT) networks is studied. In the considered model, the UAV swarm is deployed to patrol a designated area and collect status information from sensors monitoring physical processes. The sense-collect-interchange-explore (SCIE) protocol is proposed to regulate UAV actions, ensuring synchronization and adaptability in a distributed manner. To maintain real-time monitoring while reducing data transmission, we introduce status freshness, which is an extension of age of information (AoI) and allows negative values to reflect the swarm’s predictive capabilities. The trajectory design problem is then formulated as an optimization problem to minimize average status freshness. A virtual force-based algorithm is developed to solve this problem, where UAVs are influenced by attractive forces from sensors and repulsive forces from neighbors. These forces guide UAVs toward sensors requiring data transmission while reducing communication overlap. The proposed distributed algorithm allows each UAV to independently design its trajectory, reducing redundancy and enhancing scalability. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce average status freshness under the same energy efficiency conditions compared to artificial potential field algorithm. The proposed method also achieves significantly reduction in terms of communication overhead, compared to fully connected strategies, ensuring scalability in large-scale UAV deployments.
Evaluating Active Learning: The Role of Non-Presential Workload Monitoring in Academic Achievement and Student Satisfaction in Architecture Programs Within the European Higher Education Area
Authors: Sirvent-Pérez César Daniel , Pérez-Carramiñana Carlos , Saura-Gómez Pascual , González-Avilés Ángel Benigno , Ruiz-Cáceres José Ángel
Published: January 2025

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) university learning framework, structured around the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), integrates classroom hours with independent, non-classroom workloads outside the university, where students engage in self-directed learning. This study aimed to develop a standardized protocol to monitor and quantify non-presential study hours to identify and adjust anomalous workload values. Over a two-year period, data were gathered from two distinct student groups (local Spanish students and international exchange students) enrolled in the same fourth-year architecture course at the University of Alicante. The data analysis allowed for an exploration of correlations among three key variables: non-presential study hours, final grades, and student satisfaction (self-assessed course perceptions). The results reveal a direct proportional relationship among these variables, whereby an increase in weekly study hours corresponds with both higher final grades and improved student satisfaction with the course.
An Implementation of Intelligent Fault Isolation Device for LVDC Distribution System Considering Slope Characteristics of Fault Current
Authors: Kim Yun-Ho , Kim Kyung-Hwa , You Hyun-Sang , Kim Se-Jin , Choi Sung-Moon , Rho Dae-Seok
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the operation method of an intelligent fault isolation device (IFID), which can detect and estimate faults in rapid and accurate ways considering the slope characteristics of fault currents with distribution line constants. Namely, the proposed operation method in IFID calculates the slope of the fault current with distribution line constants, and reduces its operation time by comparing the calculated slope value to the setting value to detect and evaluate the fault condition. Moreover, this paper implements the DC 400 V, 10 kW scaled IFID consisting of hardware (H/W) and software (S/W) sections based on the proposed operation method. The H/W section is composed of main and current limit switches, a current limit resistor, voltage and current sensors, and switching mode power supply (SMPS). Also, the S/W section consists of a control board and code composer studio (CCS) to calculate the slope characteristics of the fault current and control the semiconductor device. From the test results based on the proposed operation method, it was found that the IFID considering the slope characteristics of fault currents can detect and evaluate the fault condition and limit the fault current faster than the existing method to consider the fault current only.
A Novel Multi-Mode Charge Pump in Word Line Driver for Compute-in-Memory Arrays
Authors: Lin Zhengyuan , Zhong Xiaoyu , Yu Zhiguo , Dong Yating , Huang Zengqi , Gu Xiaofeng
Published: January 2025

Flash memory, as the core unit of a compute-in-memory (CIM) array, requires multiple positive and negative (PN) high voltages (HVs) for word lines (WLs) to operate during storage and computation. A traditional WL driver generates these voltages using several charge pumps (CPs), leading to significant area overhead. This paper presents a novel multi-mode CP (MMCP) that generates all required HVs for a CIM array under a single CP, supporting CIM unit operation in programming, readout, and erase modes. Unlike traditional voltage multipliers, the MMCP eliminates the need for multiple CPs, reducing area and pump capacitor usage. Compared to a PN CP that drives a common load, the MMCP can provide multiple PN HVs by using level shifters (LSs) and switches. The MMCP is designed in a 55 nm standard CMOS process with an area of only 0.021 mm2. Additionally, this paper proposes global PN HV switches, which can correctly deliver the PN HVs generated by the MMCP from the same port (at different times) to the upper and lower power rails of WL driver circuits. Simulation results show that with a 2.5 V supply, 100 pF load, and 50 μA current, the maximum error due to ripple is only 0.28%.
Standardizing the Ignition Delay Time Measurements of Rapid Compression Machine: An Inverse Application of the Livengood–Wu Integral Method
Authors: Zhao Zhonghao , Wu Yingtao
Published: January 2025

The rapid compression machine measures ignition delay time at high pressures and low to intermediate temperatures. However, unavoidable facility effects, such as compression and heat loss, shift the measurements away from ideal (adiabatic and constant volume) values to varying extents. Consequently, the ignition delay times measured by different facilities can be in large deviations, especially for fuel mixtures without negative temperature coefficient behavior. To address this issue, this work proposes a standardization algorithm that correlates the measurements to the ideal ignition delay times. The algorithm applies the Livengood–Wu integral method inversely and adopts a Bayesian approach to optimize the correlation parameters. The ignition delay times of an ethanol mixture under distinct facility effects were further used to test the performance of this algorithm. The results show that the dispersed ignition delay times can be effectively standardized within 20%, facilitating the direct comparison of measurements from different facilities. By setting a proper residual target of the algorithm, reasonable standardization accuracy can be achieved. This method enables a significantly easier interpretation of the rapid compression machine experimental data and can be broadly applied to any fuel mixtures exhibiting single-stage ignition characteristics.
Thermoelectric Generators Applied as a Power Source in CubeSats: State of the Art
Authors: Soares Gabriel Brugues , Ledesma Jorge Javier Gimenez , Silva Eder Andrade da , Ando Junior Oswaldo Hideo
Published: January 2025

This systematic review outlines the application of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) as energy sources in CubeSats. While CubeSats currently rely on solar cells with efficiencies between 16.8% and 32.2%, their performance diminishes with increased distance from the Sun. TEGs, although used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) for satellites, remain underutilized in CubeSats. A literature review revealed 33 relevant articles, with 21.2% employing simulation software to evaluate thermal behavior. Among 34 patents, only one mentioned micro-TEGs, with most focusing on structural improvements. Patent activity peaked between 2016 and 2020, emphasizing structural and thermal optimization, but no patents addressed TEGs as energy sources for CubeSats, highlighting a significant research gap. TEGs present a viable solution for harnessing residual heat in CubeSats.
Mathematical Models of Gas in Hydropneumatic Accumulators Used in Numerical Tests of Drive Systems with Energy Recovery
Authors: Kosiara Andrzej
Published: January 2025

In recent years, multiple studies have been carried out on drive systems with energy recovery that are composed of hydropneumatic accumulators. In preliminary studies, these drive systems are frequently tested by computer simulation. Various mathematical models of gas in the accumulator have been used in different studies. It is not clear whether the results obtained by assuming various gas models can be directly compared with each other. In this study, the gas models most frequently used in practice are presented and evaluated in terms of the accuracy in predicting the efficiency of energy recovery from a hydropneumatic accumulator; five different gas equations of state are assessed, as well as various methods for calculating the specific heat capacity at constant volume. Typical methods used in mathematical models to describe the heat transfer between the hydropneumatic accumulator and the environment are discussed. The results of this study show that all real gas models can precisely predict the efficiency of energy recovery from the accumulator in typical operating conditions. However, neither the models based on the ideal gas law nor the models neglecting the heat exchange with the environment are accurate enough for studies in that field. In the last part of this paper, the models of gases in hydropneumatic accumulators implemented in selected commercial software are described and tested against the model developed by the author in Matlab.
A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Precise Emotion Recognition in Domestic Animals Using EfficientNetB5 Architecture
Authors: Sumon Rashadul Islam , Ali Haider , Akter Salma , Uddin Shah Muhammad Imtiyaj , Mozumder Md Ariful Islam , Kim Hee-Cheol
Published: January 2025

The perception of animal emotions is key to enhancing veterinary practice, human–animal interactions, and protecting domesticated species’ welfare. This study presents a unique emotion classification deep learning-based approach for pet animals. The actual and emotional status of dogs and cats have been classified using a modified EfficientNetB5 model. Utilizing a dataset of images classified into four different emotion categories—angry, sad, happy, and neutral—the model incorporates sophisticated feature extraction methods, such as Dense Residual Blocks and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) blocks, to improve the focus on important emotional indicators. The basis of the second strategy is EfficientNetB5, which is known for providing an optimal balance in terms of accuracy and processing capabilities. The model exhibited robust generalization abilities for the subtle identification of emotional states, achieving 98.2% accuracy in training and 91.24% during validation on a separate dataset. These encouraging outcomes support the model’s promise for real-time emotion detection applications and demonstrate its adaptability for wider application in ongoing pet monitoring systems. The dataset will be enlarged, model performance will be enhanced for more species, and real-time capabilities will be developed for real-world implementation.