bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMPLOYING VIRTUAL ENTERPRISES FOR THE TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SPECIALTIES
Authors:   Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Bezzubko Borys , Bezzubko Larysa ,   Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to determine the practical and theoretical aspects of the use of virtual enterprises in the training of students of economic and managerial specialties. The following general scientific research methods were used: abstract-logical method in the process of theoretical generalization of the experience of virtual enterprises; analysis and synthesis – in the formation of recommendations for the use of virtual enterprise in the educational process. The main results of the article characterize the most important issues of organizing the use of virtual enterprises. The authors identify the main opportunities and benefits that arise in the learning process of students when using virtual enterprises. The article identifies the main features of the use of virtual enterprises: the role of the teacher in the organization of the educational process with virtual enterprises; the need for the formation of productive relations in the student body, optimization of the psychological climate in the group; ability to work on the «result», time planning. It is proposed to use tasks that involve the choice of standard management decisions for the development of the enterprise, as well as tasks that characterize the state of crisis in the enterprise. The basic algorithm of use of the virtual enterprise is offered: definition of the educational purpose and tasks of creation of the virtual enterprise; establishment of the sphere of activity of the enterprise, the main types of products and services that the enterprise plans to produce (provide); determination of the necessary resources for the implementation of production processes in the virtual enterprise; development of possible strategies of enterprise development in the conditions of change of tasks, market situation.
Szkoła zarządzania – pojęcie (nie)rozpoznane
Authors: Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Sokołowska-Durkalec Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie

procesu powstawania szkół naukowych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem szkół

zarządzania. Do realizacji celu wykorzystano narracyjny, krytyczny przegląd

literatury. W opracowaniu przedstawiono pojęcie szkół naukowych wraz z

charakterystyką procesu ich rozwoju. W ramach wprowadzenia do zagadnienia szkół

zarządzania opisano specyficzne cechy nauk o zarządzaniu. Następnie

syntetycznie omówiono najczęściej prezentowane w literaturze szkoły

zarządzania, przywołując nazwiska ich przedstawicieli. W toku analizy

publikacji poruszających kwestię szkół naukowych, w tym szkół zarządzania,

zidentyfikowano kluczowe obszary problemowe związane z ich tworzeniem i

rozwojem. Do kluczowych wniosków z przeprowadzonej analizy można zaliczyć:

niedostatek źródeł literaturowych

poświęconych kompleksowej analizie problematyki szkół zarządzania oraz

istnienie wielu dylematów konstytuowania szkół zarządzania we współczesnych

warunkach funkcjonowania i rozwoju dyscypliny nauk o zarządzaniu.
Zmiany aktywności inwestycyjnej za granicą największych przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych
Authors: Karaszewski Włodzimierz , Jaworek Małgorzata
Published: April 2022

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw

w formie bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych. Jego celem jest

zaprezentowanie wyników badania zmian aktywności inwestycyjnej za granicą

największych przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych świata oraz największych

przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych z krajów rozwijających się i transformujących

gospodarki, poziomu ich internacjonalizacji w okresie minionych trzech dekad, a

także ukazanie zmian zaangażowania kapitałowego za granicą polskich

przedsiębiorstw oraz wartości aktywów za granicą największych z nich. Przedstawiono

w nim zmiany wartości należności z tytułu BIZ (outward stock) na świecie z uwzględnieniem krajów rozwijających się

i transformujących gospodarki oraz Polski. Zaprezentowano charakterystyki 100

największych przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych na świecie, a także z krajów

rozwijających się i transformujących gospodarki. Na tym tle omówiono skalę bezpośrednich

inwestycji za granicą polskich inwestorów, a wśród nich największych 25

polskich prywatnych inwestorów. Badanie opiera się na

informacjach uzyskanych ze źródeł statystycznych opublikowanych przez

Konferencję Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Handlu i Rozwoju oraz Głównego Urzędu

Statystycznego.
La biblioteca como espacio de creatividad, sin exclusiones
Authors: Cebrián Sergio Ramos
Published: April 2022

La biblioteca es uno de los espacios culturales públicos protagonista de la descentralización cultural y la promoción del derecho de acceso a la cultura. Proceso que amplían la visión de las bibliotecas como espacios culturales orientados a la conservación y acceso a la información, para ser entendidas como “lugares de poder”. Pero ¿son realmente lugares de poder de la ciudadanía?

En la actualidad, las infraestructuras culturales forman parte de los procesos institucionales llamados a facilitar la creatividad de la ciudadanía. Pero, si observamos las estructuras que influyen en la producción de la memoria cultural de las ciudades, la potencia de las bibliotecas como infraestructuras para el fomento de la creatividad está por explorar. En este sentido, el ejemplo del mapa literario de Barcelona, la distribución territorial de las bibliotecas públicas y el mapa por barrios del PIB de la ciudad visualiza las zonas de la ciudad con más carga literaria e influencia en la construcción de la memoria cultural de la ciudad. La comparativa aporta información visual, aproximada, intuitiva y relevante, sobre el rol (o no rol) de las bibliotecas y las oportunidades (o no) de la ciudadanía para participar en la creación de la memoria cultural de la ciudad. El ejercicio comparativo desvela aspectos estructurales que visualizan el fenómeno creciente de la desigualdad cultural en relación con las bibliotecas y las oportunidades creativas de la ciudadanía.
PENGARUH TEKNIK SELF INSTRUCTION TERHADAP KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE PADA SISWA
Authors: Gunawan I Made Sonny , Farliyani Baiq Alda Sofya
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik self instruction terhadap kecanduaan game online. Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan model pre-eksperimen one group pre-test post-test design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 10 orang siswa kelas VIII yang memiliki tingkat kecanduan game online dengan katagori yang tinggi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dalam bentuk kuesioner hasil pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti berdasarkan indikator dari variabel penelitian. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t-tes. Bedasarkan hasil analisis data maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik self instruction memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan tingkat kecanduan game online pada siswa.Kata kunci: Teknik self instruction, kecanduan, game online
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENJASORKES INOVATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PENJASORKES PADA MATERI KEBUGARAN JASMANI SISWA KELAS V SEMESTER GENAP SD NEGERI 25 MATARAM
Authors: Amin Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar penjasorkes pada materi kebugaran jasmani  siswa kelas V semester genap SD Negeri 25 Mataram tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 melalui penerapan model pembelajaran penjasorkes inovatif . Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V sebanyak 20 siswa, yang terdiri dari 12 siswa laki-laki dan 8 siswa perempuan. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode tes dengan instrumen seperangkat tes hasil belajar. Data yang diperoleh peneliti dianalisis menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan penerapan model pembelajaran inovatif dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar penjasorkes siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kutantasan klasikal dan rata-rata hasil belajar penjasorkes siswa dari prasiklus sampai ke siklus II. Ketuntasan klasikal siswa, meningkat sebesar 25% dari prasiklus ke siklus I, yaitu dari 40% menjadi 65%. Kemudian meningkat sebesar 50% dari prasiklus ke siklus II, yaitu dari 40% menjadi 90%. Dan meningkat sebesar 35% dari siklus I ke siklus II, yaitu dari 65% menjadi 90%. Sedangkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 10 poin dari prasiklus ke siklus I, yaitu dari 65 menjadi 75. Kemudian meningkat sebesar 18 poin dari prasiklus ke siklus I, yaitu dari 65 sampai 83. Dan meningkat sebesar 8 poin dari siklus I ke siklus II, yaitu dari 75 menjadi 83.Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Penjasorkes,  dan Hasil Belajar
PENGARUH MEDIA VISUAL TERHADAP SIKAP KEMANDIRIAN SISWA SMA DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Ahmad Hariadi
Published: April 2022

Media visual suatu alat informasi yang berbentuk gambar yang dapat mempengaruhi halayak banyak yang digunakan untuk menginformasikan suatu informasi yang akan disampaikan seperti poster pendidikan, kesehatan, teknologi dan sosial. Sikap kemandirian suatu perbuatan yang dimiliki oleh seseorang dalam menentukan nasibnya sendiri serta bertanggung jawab atas dirinya sendiri sehingga mampu mengelola dirinya menjadi mandiri dan dapat memecahkan masalahnya sendiri. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini Apakah ada pengaruh media visual terhadap sikap kemandirian siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh media visual terhadap sikap kemandirian pada siswa Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA sejumblah 107 siswa, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode angket sebagai metode pokok. Teknis analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan teknik analisis statistik dengan rumus t test. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel (11,049>2,145) dengan demikian penelitian ini signifikan sehingga kesimpulan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah Ada pengaruh media visual terhadap sikap kemandirian pada siswa SMA Kabupaten Lombok Barat.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH MAMPU MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI KELAS VI A SDN 9 AMPENAN
Authors: Apriani Baiq Karni
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Pencapaian hasil beljar siswa kelas VI.A di SDN 9 Ampenan pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika masi berada di bawah KKM hal ini dikarenakan metode yang digunakan belum tepat sehingga siswa hanya pasif dalam pembelajaran. Kreatif siswa dalam proses pembelajaran kurang dikarenakan penyampaian guru bersifat monoton dan tanpa arah. Dari latar belakang diatas rumusan masalah yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini yaitu “Apakah penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika di kelas VI A SDN 9 Ampenan Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022?” Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang mencakup tahap perencanaan, observasi, evaluasi, dan refleksi dengan melibatkan siswa kelas VI A sebagai subyek dan seorang guru sebagai observer dan penelitiaan ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dengan menggunakan metode kooperatif tipe make a match yang merupakan metode yang mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika di kelas VI A SDN 9 Ampenan Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Terbukti dari peningkatan yang terjadi pada tiap siklus rata-rata porsentase pada siklus I sebesar 69,48% menjadi 81,37% pada siklus II, semua aspek siswa sangat meningkat. Penggunaan model pembelajaran Make a match dapat meningkatkan perpormansi guru. Pertemuan Pertama siklus I memperoleh nilai 78,00 kemudian pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan menjadi 85,71, dikarenakan guru dalam pembelajaran sudah dan berperan sebagai fasilitator dan pembimbing bagi siswa.Kata kunci: Kooperatif, meningkatkan, matematika
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PENULISAN BENTUK SOAL PILIHAN GANDA ABAD 21 BERBASIS KKG SEMESTER DUA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020 DI SD NEGERI 10 AMPENAN MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN KLASIKAL DAN INDIVIDUAL
Authors: Fitriah Baiq
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana efektifitas pelaksanaan pendampingan klasikal dan individual dalam upaya meningkatkan kompetensi Guru di SD Negri 10 Ampenan dalam penulisan bentuk soal pilihan ganda. Berdasarkan beberapa kajian pustaka, maka hipotesis tindakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: pelaksanaan pendampingan klasikal dan individu dapat meningkatkan kompetensi Guru di SD Negeri 10 Ampenan dalam penulisan bentuk soal pilihan ganda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus, masing-masing siklus satu kali pertemuan melalui tahapan: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian pada siklus dua pengamatan kegiatan kepala sekolah diproleh skor rata-rata 4,67, pengamatan kegiatan guru memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,50 sedangkan hasil kerja individual dalam penulisan soal pilihan ganda memperoleh skor rata-rata 94,40. Indikator keberhasilan untuk pengamatan/observasi ≥ 4,00 dan nilai kerja individual ≥ 85,00. Indikator keberhasilan telah terpenuhi. Penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) dihentian pada siklus kedua dengan hasil sangat memuaskan. Beberapa kendala/hambatan selama penelitian dapat diatasi dengan baik, sehingga dalam pencapaian indikator dengan cepat terpenuhi. Disarankan kepada Kepala Sekolah yang lain untuk mengadakan penelitian sejenis dalam upaya dalam meningkatkan kompetensi Kepala Sekolah yang professional.Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Guru, Pendampingan Klasikal dan Individual
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PROJECT BASIC LEARNING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KELAS V SDN 3 KETANGGA
Authors: Huda Khairul , Irfan Ahmad Zainul
Published: April 2022

Abestrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SDN 3 Ketangga dikarenakan proses pembelajaran kurang maksimal akibat penutupan sekolah secara regional yang disebabkan maraknya wabah COVID-19 dan karena model pembelajaran yang diterapkan oleh guru belum mampu memaksimalkan pembelajaran IPA di kelas V SDN 3 Ketangga Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Sehingga membuat hasil belajar IPA Rendah, oleh karena itu perlu diterapkan model pembelajaran yang bervariasi dan menarik perhatian siswa, salah satunya dengan menerapkan metode Project Basic Learning. Dengan menerapkan metode Project Basic Learning tersebut diharapkan siswa mampu memahami apa yang disampaikan oleh guru sehingga mendorong keberhasilan siswa dalam menguasai materi khususnya Sistem pernapsan Hewan dan Manusia dan meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 3 Ketangga pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2021/2022, yang berjumlah 25 siswa terdiri dari 17 siswa laki-laki dan 8 siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan tahapan-tahapan dalam siklus meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk soal pilihan ganda, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode Project Basic Learning Dapat Meningkatkan Hasil belajar IPA Materi system hewan dan manusia Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 3 Ketangga. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa yang mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan yaitu pada siklus I nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 59,6 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 48 %, Selanjutnya pada siklus II nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 80,6 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 96 %. Kata kunci: Metode Project Basic Learning, Pandemi COVID-19, Hasil Belajar, IPA
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECERDASAN EMOSI DENGAN SIKAP PERCAYA DIRI SISWA SMAN 1 LABUAPI
Authors: Mustakim Mustakim , Gunawan I Made
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Kecerdasan emosi memiliki peran yang sangat penting terhadap perkembangan psikologis khususnya sikap percaya diri seseorang pada masa remaja, karena keberhasilan pada masa yang akan datang tergantung pada bagaimana individu dapat memanfaatkan masa-masa yang sangat penting dengan baik. Adapun rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah apakah ada hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dengan sikap percaya diri siswa SMAN 1 Labuapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kecerdasan emosi dengan sikap percaya diri siswa di SMAN 1 Labuapi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 125 siswa dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel stratifield proportional random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi serta angket sebagai metode utama. Analisis data dengan menggunakan rumus Product Moment tentang Hubungan Antara Kecerdasan Emosi Dengan Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa SMAN 1 Labuapi, Menunjukkan bahwa  (0,639) lebih besar dari  dengan taraf signifikansi 5% (0,349) ( >  ) yaitu (0,639 >0,34 9). Itu artinya hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima. Sehingga penelitian ini dikatakan Signifikan. Kata Kunci: Kecerdasan Emosi dan Sikap Percaya Diri.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL SISWA
Authors: Najamuddin M. Najamuddin
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Masalah penelitian ini adalah keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal siswa yang rendah dan guru kurang menerapkan teknik role playing dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.komunikasi interpersonal terbina jika seseorang memiliki sikap positif terhadap diri mereka sendiri. Kedua, perasaan positif untuk situasi komunikasi pada umumnya sangat penting untuk berinteraksi yang efektif. Oleh karena itu perlu di adakannya teknik role playing, karena teknik role playing merupakan setrategi mengajar membantu masing-masing siswa untuk mengembangkan dan membantu memecahkan masalah pribadi dengan bantuan kelompok. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: “Apakah Ada Pengaruh Teknik Role Playing Terhadap Keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal siswa Kelas VII SMPN 6 Taliwang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019?”. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Teknik Role Playing Terhadap Keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal siswa Kelas VII SMPN 6 Taliwang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 104 Siswa dan sampel yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini sebanyak 8 siswa.Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa angket sebagai metode pokok sedangkan wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi sebagai metode pelengkap, analisis data menggunkan rumust-test, hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah 5,397, sedangkan nilait-test dalam tabel dengan taraf signifikan 5% dan N=7 adalah 2,365 atau (5,397>2,365). Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-test yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini lebih besar daripada nilai t dalam tabel. Dengan demikian Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya: Adanya Pengaruh Teknik Role Playing Terhadap Keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal siswa Kelas VII SMPN 6 Taliwang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Maka hasil penelitian ini dinyatakan signifikan. Kata Kunci : Role Playing, Komunikasi Interpersonal
Relationship between pumping rate and particle capture efficiency in three species of bivalves
Authors: Steeves L , Vimond C , Strohmeier T , Casas S , Strand Ø , Comeau LA , Filgueira R
Published: April 2022

For suspension-feeding bivalves, capture efficiency (CE) is the proportion of a given type of particle that is cleared from the water by the gill filaments of suspension-feeding bivalves compared to other particles that are inhaled. The majority of research on CE variability in suspension-feeding bivalves has focused on particle characteristics (e.g. size, surface properties). This study was designed to explore CE as a function of particle size (of natural seston) and pumping rate (PR), as a proxy for fluid velocity. Bivalve species from different families were chosen for their differences in gill structure: Mytilidae (Mytilus edulis), Ostreidae (Crassostrea virginica), and Pectinidae (Placopecten magellanicus). Structural variation in the gills was hypothesized to influence any relationship between PR and CE. Experiments estimating PR and CE were replicated in both laboratory and field conditions. Results demonstrated that PR may influence CE in bivalves and that this relationship is dependent upon particle size and bivalve species (i.e. gill structure). For C. virginica, CE increased with PR (range: 0.4-6.9 l h-1) for particles between 2.25 and 7.25 in laboratory experiments and 4.75 and 8.25 µm in the field. However, for M. edulis and P. magellanicus, no relationship was observed between PR and CE. Among the mechanisms by which particles can be removed from a fluid by a filter, these findings agree qualitatively with the capture mechanism of direct interception applying to all species where CE depends on particle size, and inertial impaction additionally applying to C. virginica where CE depends on fluid velocity and particle size in the 2.25 to 8.25 µm range.
Pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dan Peran Komite Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Raberi Ariyadi , Fitria Happy , Fitriani Yessi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to see the effect of principal supervision and the role of the school committee on the performance of public elementary school teachers in Sanga Desa sub- district. The data used in this study are primary data from the answers of 129 respondents. Model analysis used multiple linear regression and through testing the validity and reliability of the instrument. The test data, namely the normality test and the model test consisted of the multicollinearity test and heterocesdaticity test, then 3 hypotheses were carried out. The results of testing hypothesis 1 show a positive and significant effect on the supervision of the principal. Hypothesis 2 results there is a positive effect of the school committee on the performance of 0.000. The results of hypothesis 3 indicate that there is supervision of the principal and the role of the school committee on the performance of SDN teachers in Sanga Desa sub-district of 0.000. The suitability of theory between variables in this study and supports previous research. Increasing and decreasing supervision of school principals and the role of school committees in influencing the performance of public SD teachers in Sanga Desa sub-district.

Keyword: Principal Supervision, School Commitee, Teacher Performance
Analysis of Dimensional Change in Zr-2.5%Nb CANDU Pressure Tube Material aged at 300-400°C using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Jung Jong Yeob , Kim Hyung Sub , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Young Suk
Published: April 2022

The primary boundary of the CANDU reactor consists of Zr-2.5%Nb alloy pressure tubes and SA106 alloy feeder pipes. The pressure tubes are exposed to fast neutron (E>1Mev) irradiation during reactor operation, and experience dimensional changes. The actual dimensional change in the pressure tube during in-service operation is greater than the design estimate. It is not fully understood what is responsible for the dimensional changes in the pressure tubes. In this study, to accelerate the aging effect on the pressure tube material, aging was performed at 300-400°C for up to 20,000 hours and neutron diffraction was used to track variation in lattice spacing, thereby identifying the reason for the dimensional change. The analysis result showed that α-Zr, the main phase of Zr-2.5%Nb, had little dimensional change at 350°C or lower. On the other hand, the aging treatment at 400°C resulted in anisotropic expansion in the α-Zr of the HCP crystal, of 0.02% and 0.08% in the (1010) and (0002) directions, respectively. It was confirmed that above 350oC the β-phase in the Zr-2.5%Nb alloy was decomposed to precipitate β-Nb . The driving force of the lattice expansion may be due to the diffusing out tendency of the super saturated Nb in α-Zr and due to the residual cold working effect applied during the manufacturing process. The enhancing effects of fast neutron irradiation on lattice diffusion are discussed in detail.
Kerfless Si Wafering Using Al Metal Paste, Epoxy and Ni Electroplating as Stress-Induced Layer
Authors: Cho Young Joon , Chang Hyo Sik
Published: April 2022

Kerfless wafering is a beneficial technique that enhances the cost effectiveness of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, preventing silicon (Si) waste during diamond sawing. This study compared the advantages of three stress layers for kerfless wafering: aluminum (Al) paste, epoxy-, and electroplated nickel (Ni). These materials demonstrated the ability to exfoliate Si foil, with the electroplated Ni layer having the best result. To control crack propagation, a notch was created by laser scribing on the top and the side of the Si wafer with the Al paste and epoxy layers. The Al paste layer with silicon nitride (SiNx) exfoliated the 1 cm × 1 cm Si foil, and the epoxy layer exfoliated the 5 cm x 5 cm Si foil. However, the Si foils were fragmented after etching of the Al paste and epoxy layers. The thickness of the Si foil increased as the Al paste layer increased. The Al paste layer was etched completely but the epoxy was not removed completely. The Ni layer was electroplated on a titanium/nickel (Ti/Ni) seed layer. A 10 cm × 10 cm Si foil with a thickness of approximately 40 µm was exfoliated using an Ni electroplating method. This Si foil’s effective lifetime increased to 8.17us after Al2O3 passivation and annealing.
Solid-State Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Ge-Doped Tetrahedrites Cu12Sb4-yGeyS13
Authors: Jeong Se-In , Kim Il-Ho
Published: April 2022

Ge-doped tetrahedrites Cu12Sb4-yGeyS13 (y = 0.1–0.4) were prepared using mechanical alloying and hot pressing. An X-ray diffraction analysis after mechanical alloying showed a single tetrahedrite phase without secondary phases. The tetrahedrite phase was stable after hot pressing at 723 K under 70 MPa. As the Ge content increased, the lattice constant decreased from 1.0343 to 1.0334 nm, which confirms that Ge was successfully substituted at the Sb sites. Ge-doped tetrahedrites exhibited p-type semiconductor characteristics. When Ge4+ was substituted for Sb3+, additional electrons were generated. Thus, the electrical conductivity decreased and the Seebeck coefficient increased due to the decrease in carrier (hole) concentration. For the Ge-doped specimen with y = 0.1, a maximum power factor of 0.87 mWm-1K-2 was obtained at 723 K. As the Ge content increased, the power factor decreased. However, as the Ge content increased, the electronic and lattice thermal conductivities decreased. Therefore, the substitutions of Ge at the Sb sites intensified both ionization impurity scattering and phonon scattering, resulting in very low thermal conductivities of 0.4–1.0 Wm-1K-1 at 323–723 K for y = 0.1–0.4. As a result, the highest dimensionless figure of merit ZT = 0.74 was obtained at 723 K for Cu12Sb3.8Ge0.2S13.
INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 FEAR AND ETHICAL SENSITIVITY AMONG SENIOR NURSING STUDENTS DURING CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: EROL URSAVAŞ Figen , BAYRAK Damla
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate senior nursing students’ ethical sensitivity and fear of Covid-19 during clinical practice. This is a cross-sectional and relational study. The study has been conducted in June 2021 with senior nursing students at a university in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey (n=95). Data have been collected online via Google Forms by using a Nursing Student Characteristics Form, the Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ). The mean FCV-19S total score has been obtained as 17.93 (Sd=5.02) and median MSQ total score has been obtained as 96 (25th–75th percentiles=87–108). Students with previous Covid-19 infection had significantly higher FCV-19S scores (t=3.209, p=0.004). There were no significant differences in MSQ total or subscale scores based on the students’ characteristics (p>0.05). FCV-19S total score was positively correlated with the holistic approach subscale of the MSQ (r=0.298, p=0.003). The results of this study have shown that senior nursing students had moderate levels of ethical sensitivity and Covid-19 fear. Previous Covid-19 infection has been associated with greater fear.
Note on the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: April 2022

The Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. In 2011, Sol{\'e} and and Planat stated that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the Dedekind inequality $\prod_{q\leq q_{n}}\left(1+\frac{1}{q} \right)>\frac{e^{\gamma}}{\zeta(2)}\times\log\theta(q_{n})$ is satisfied for all primes $q_{n}>3$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function, $\gamma\approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and $\zeta(x)$ is the Riemann zeta function. We can deduce from that paper, if the Riemann Hypothesis is false, then the Dedekind inequality is not satisfied for infinitely many prime numbers $q_{n}$. Using this result, we prove the Riemann Hypothesis is true when $(1-\frac{0.15}{\log^{3}x})^{\frac{1}{x}}\times x^{\frac{1}{x}}\geq 1+\frac{\log(1-\frac{0.15}{\log^{3}x})+\log x}{x}$ is always satisfied for every sufficiently large positive number $x$. However, we know that inequality is trivially satisfied for every sufficiently large positive number $x$. In this way, we show the Riemann Hypothesis is true.
Cross-Country Analysis of Interdependence in International Trade Networks
Authors: Yazawa Nobuo
Published: April 2022

This article aims to perform a reciprocity and dependency analysis on ten pairs of five major countries in the years 1994, 2010, and 2019, using the international trade data. We adopted the reciprocity index and dependence index proposed by Yazawa (preprint 2022) for the analysis of reciprocity and dependence between these nations. We found that linearity exists between these indices among ten pairs of five nations in 2019 as well as 2010. We also found that the increase of dependence tends to decrease reciprocity, resulting in the increase in trade imbalance between two countries. Moreover, this tendency to lose the trade balance by the increase in dependence is getting stronger year by year. As a result, this imbalance contributes to the increase of diplomatic tension between them.
Effect of covid-19 confinement on gender stereotypes and health
Authors: Aparicio-García Marta Evelia , Vinagre-González Agustina María , Alvarado-Izquierdo Jesús María
Published: April 2022

There are several effects that the pandemic nature of COVID-19 and the consequent forced confinement have had on the general population and especially on women. It has become necessary to reconcile work obligations with the care of children, dependents, and household work. These tasks are traditionally related to the gender stereotypes assigned to women.

This study focuses on analysing the impact that confinement may have had on women in relation to the internalization of gender-based norms and whether this situation has increased anxiety and depression in these same women. A total of 502 women aged 18- 71 years participated, with 251 completing the three measurement instruments before the confinement and the other 251 completing them three months after the confinement began. The results show a clear influence of confinement on the anxiety and depression of the participating women, as well as changes in the perception of some of the gender stereotypes traditionally assigned to women.
Desgaste emocional en los profesionales sanitarios en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Ruiz Sastre Paloma
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar el grado en que los profesionales sanitarios muestran las características propias del síndrome de burnout en el contexto de la segunda ola de contagios por SARS-CoV-2 en España. La muestra está formada por 94 sanitarios, con edades comprendidas entre los 23 y 64 años, que ejercen su labor en el ámbito sanitario público y/o privado. Se administró el Inventario de Burnout (MBI). Los resultados señalan un elevando nivel de desgaste emocional en la muestra (61’5%), especialmente en aquellos sanitarios que perciben insuficientes medidas de protección ante la COVID-19. Además, más del 40% de los participantes informan de alto grado de despersonalización, siendo ésta menor en aquellos profesionales que perciben riesgo propio ante el contagio por este virus. Por último, un 33% de los participantes muestran bajo nivel de autorrealización laboral, especialmente aquellos que trabajan de manera directa con personas diagnosticadas de COVID-19.
Are science students missing in South America? Productivity and the labor market say yes
Authors: Herrero Olarte Susana
Published: April 2022

During 2002–2011, inequality in South American decreased substantially, in large part because the wage gap between unskilled and skilled professionals narrowed. A feasible generalized least squares model shows that skilled workers contribute less to productivity and thus receive smaller wages increases. We study if this outcome is because of a mismatch between labor market needs and knowledge of professionals with higher education. We use the cluster methodology applied by Izquierdo, et al. (2019) to show how the number of publications in science, as a proxy for the number of science professionals, affects productivity. The results demonstrate that the lack of science professionals is the main constraint on productivity in South American countries. These results help explain the contradiction between high demand for skilled workers, which firms fail to meet, and low compensation among employees with higher education.
Cambios estructurales durante las reformas de mercado: evidencias para Argentina y Brasil entre 1980 y 2008
Authors: Lucena-Giraldo Javier , García de la Cruz José Manuel
Published: April 2022

La investigación observa el cambio estructural y su eficiencia en Argentina y Brasil entre 1980 y 2008, como resultado de la interacción del cambio tecnológico y las innovaciones con las complementariedades. Para ello, tras realizar las pruebas de raíces unitarias y de cointegración, se ha estimado una ecuación general sobre el cambio estructural y tres parciales sobre sus componentes. Según los resultados no hubo crecimiento basado en el cambio estructural en Argentina. En Brasil hubo una respuesta positiva pero débil, lo que apunta a la necesidad de mejorar la coordinación de su sistema de innovación y la articulación de su estructura productiva.
Análisis de los factores determinantes de microempresarios informales, 2016-2020.
Authors: Palacios Duarte Pablo Daniel , Gutiérrez Ponce Herenia , Saavedra García María Luisa
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer una trayectoria de los factores que determinan que los jefes de familia mexicanos decidan participar en el sector microempresarial informal más visible; antes y durante COVID-19. Se han utilizado los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) y elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) de México. Para su tratamiento y análisis se ha aplicado un modelo de Heckit. Los hallazgos muestran que los ingresos son la causa principal a la economía informal de los jefes de familia, confirmando así la elección como solución de las dificultades económicas. Además, se demuestra que existe una oferta laboral que excluye a la demanda con mayor nivel educativo. Y, los emprendimientos informales se identifican por una mayor remuneración por el tiempo empleado, flexibilidad y disminución del tiempo de trabajo, participación de más miembros del hogar, y una menor retribución a las mujeres.
Social impact assessment - is it possible challenge for social enterprise?
Authors: Urmanaviciene Audrone
Published: April 2022

Social enterprises from government, society, and financiers are under increasing pressure to demonstrate their social impact. To do this, social enterprises need to implement social impact assessments in their organizations. It is noteworthy that there are many different methods and tools for impact assessment and measurement, which often make it unclear to social enterprise managers what is best for their enterprise. Also, many social impact assessment and measurement methodologies are complex enough and require specific competencies, time, and other extra costs. However, social impact assessment is an essential process, as it helps to build trust in these organizations by the public, state institutions and investors, to ensure the transparency of their activities and to meet their goals. Social enterprises are a new phenomenon in the Baltic States, so it is essential to clarify the attitude of the leaders of the organization to the social impact assessment and what practices they use in their organizations. Aim of the research: to explore the existing practice of social impact assessment of social enterprises in the Baltic states. The methodology of research: 20 in depth interviews with the jure and the facto WISE´s managers in the Baltic states were conducted.
Interplay of theory and practice: experiences from the Hungarian social enteprise field
Authors: Kiss Julianna
Published: April 2022

The concepts of social enterprise and social entrepreneur have been subject to growing interest in Hungary, but the field still lacks clear understanding and regulation. Still, in recent years, several key actors have appeared and have shaped the emerging organizational field in certain directions. Based on the theory of reflexive isomorphism, the present paper analyzes the approaches of these dominant actors in Hungary and also examines the interpretations of social enterprise practitioners. The research employs literature review to explore the main actors, approaches and narratives present, and the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in the spring of 2017 with 20 leaders of social enterprises to account for the experiences from practice. Through these methods, the influence of the dominant actors and discourses on the everyday operation and views of social entrepreneurs is discussed, which contributes to the understanding of the development of the social enterprise organizational field in Hungary.
Quality. Local. Social. What else? – Which factors motivate consumers to participate in alternative food networks in Hungary?
Authors: Torok Anna , Neulinger Ágnes , Pataki György , Bársony Fanni , Lazányi Orsolya
Published: April 2022

Alternative food network (AFN) cases are now reported in many countries worldwide. They are growing in Hungary as well, though the alternative food movement is still at an early stage of development (Benedek & Balázs, 2014a). The current study aims to deepen our understanding of the personal experience of participants in AFNs in Hungary by revealing their motivation for participation. This paper presents empirical research carried out among members of different AFNs located in Hungary. Based on the analysis of qualitative interviews, the main motivational factors are identified by the different types of AFNs. Two types of motivational factors can be classified: individual and community-based factors. The individual factors range from security-based factors to self-realization-related factors, in line with the classical model of Maslow’s theory of needs (1943). The community-based motivational factors range from motivations directly related to the community around food to abstract ideas related to the food system.
Long-Term Consequences of Adaptive Fetal Programming in Ruminant Livestock
Authors: Vautier Allison N. , Cadaret Caitlin N.
Published: April 2022

Environmental perturbations during gestation can alter fetal development and postnatal animal performance. In humans, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting from adaptive fetal programming is known as a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and predisposes offspring to metabolic disease, however, the prevalence and impact in livestock is not characterized as well. Multiple animal models have been developed as a proxy to determine mechanistic changes that underlie the postnatal phenotype resulting from these programming events in humans but have not been utilized as robustly in livestock. While the overall consequences are similar between models, the severity of the conditions appear to be dependent on type, timing, and duration of insult, indicating that some environmental insults are of more relevance to livestock production than others. Thus far, maternofetal stress during gestation has been shown to cause increased death loss, low birth weight, inefficient growth, and aberrant metabolism. A breadth of this data comes from the fetal ruminant collected near term or shortly thereafter, with fewer studies following these animals past weaning. Consequently, even less is known about how adaptive fetal programming impacts subsequent progeny. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the postnatal phenotype of livestock resulting from different models of fetal programming, with a focus on growth, metabolism, and reproductive efficiency. We further describe what is currently known about generational impacts of fetal programming in production systems, along with gaps and future directions to consider.
Dietary Pharmacological Zinc and Copper Enhances Voluntary Feed Intake of Nursery Pigs
Authors: De Mille Carson M. , Burrough Eric R. , Kerr Brian J. , Schweer Wesley P. , Gabler Nicholas K.
Published: April 2022

The objective of the three experiments herein were to characterize the effect of pharmacological zinc and copper concentrations on nursery pig feed intake, stomach ghrelin, energy and nutrient digestibility, and mineral retention in post-weaned pigs. In Expt. 1, 300 weaned pigs were allotted across three dietary treatments (n= 10 pens/treatment) and fed in two diet phases (P1 and P2) lasting 7 and 14 days, respectively. Treatments were: (1) Control diet with no pharmacological minerals in P1 and P2, CON; (2) CON + 3,000 mg/kg Zn and 200 mg/kg Cu (P1), no pharmacological minerals in P2, ZC-CON; and (3) CON + 3,000 mg/kg Zn and 200 mg/kg Cu (P1), CON + 2,000 mg/kg Zn and 200 mg/kg Cu (P2); ZC. Over the 21-day test period, ZC pigs had 15% higher ADG and 13–24% ADFI compared to the CON and ZC-CON pigs (P< 0.05). ZC-CON and ZC pig daily feed intakes were 29 and 73% higher by day 5 and 7 post-weaning, respectively, compared to the CON pigs (P< 0.0001). However, removing pharmacological minerals in P2 abruptly decreased ZC-CON daily feed intake within 24 h to similar intakes as the CON compared to the ZC pigs (0.17, 0.14, and 0.22 kg/d, respectively,P< 0.05). Dietary pharmacological minerals increased stomach fundus ghrelin-positive cells than CON pigs at day 7 (P= 0.005) and day 21 (P< 0.001). However, fasting plasma total and acyl-ghrelin concentrations did not differ from a control in response to zinc oxide daily drenching (Expt. 2). Expt. 3 showed that zinc and copper to have moderate to low retention; however, pharmacological zinc and copper diets increased zinc (P< 0.05) and copper retention (P= 0.06) after 28 days post-weaning compared to control pigs. Pharmacological zinc and copper did not improve digestible energy, metabolizable energy or nitrogen balance. Altogether, dietary pharmacological zinc and copper concentrations improve growth rates and mineral retention in nursery pigs. This improved performance may partially be explained by increased stomach ghrelin abundance and enhanced early feed intake in newly weaned pigs fed pharmacological concentrations of zinc and copper.
Recent Advances and Perspective of Nanotechnology-Based Implants for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Chen Ming-qi
Published: April 2022

Bioimplant engineering strives to provide biological replacements for regenerating, retaining, or modifying injured tissues and/or organ function. Modern advanced material technology breakthroughs have aided in diversifying ingredients used in orthopaedic implant applications. As such, nanoparticles may mimic the surface features of real tissues, particularly in terms of wettability, topography, chemistry, and energy. Additionally, the new features of nanoparticles support their usage in enhancing the development of various tissues. The current study establishes the groundwork for nanotechnology-driven biomaterials by elucidating key design issues that affect the success or failure of an orthopaedic implant, its antibacterial/antimicrobial activity, response to cell attachment propagation, and differentiation. The possible use of nanoparticles (in the form of nanosized surface or a usable nanocoating applied to the implant’s surface) can solve a number of problems (i.e., bacterial adhesion and corrosion resilience) associated with conventional metallic or non-metallic implants, particularly when implant techniques are optimised. Orthopaedic biomaterials’ prospects (i.e., pores architectures, 3D implants, and smart biomaterials) are intriguing in achieving desired implant characteristics and structure exhibiting stimuli-responsive attitude. The primary barriers to commercialization of nanotechnology-based composites are ultimately discussed, therefore assisting in overcoming the constraints in relation to certain pre-existing orthopaedic biomaterials, critical factors such as quality, implant life, treatment cost, and pain alleviation.
Kinesins in Mammalian Spermatogenesis and Germ Cell Transport
Authors: Yao Mingxia , Qu Haoyang , Han Yating , Cheng C. Yan , Xiao Xiang
Published: April 2022

In mammalian testes, the apical cytoplasm of each Sertoli cell holds up to several dozens of germ cells, especially spermatids that are transported up and down the seminiferous epithelium. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) established by neighboring Sertoli cells in the basal compartment restructures on a regular basis to allow preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes to pass through. The timely transfer of germ cells and other cellular organelles such as residual bodies, phagosomes, and lysosomes across the epithelium to facilitate spermatogenesis is important and requires the microtubule-based cytoskeleton in Sertoli cells. Kinesins, a superfamily of the microtubule-dependent motor proteins, are abundantly and preferentially expressed in the testis, but their functions are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent findings on kinesins in mammalian spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential role in germ cell traversing through the BTB and the remodeling of Sertoli cell-spermatid junctions to advance spermatid transport. The possibility of kinesins acting as a mediator and/or synchronizer for cell cycle progression, germ cell transit, and junctional rearrangement and turnover is also discussed. We mostly cover findings in rodents, but we also make special remarks regarding humans. We anticipate that this information will provide a framework for future research in the field.