bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observancia de reacciones adversas y análisis de cumplimiento de bioseguridad en la aplicación rectal de ozonoterapia en pacientes cubanos con infección aguda o convalecientes de COVID-19
Authors: Gil del Valle Lizette , Delgado Guerra Mario M. , Carballo- Reyes Ana L. , Sánchez Márquez Joniel A. , López Fernández Olga E. , Fonseca Betancourt Faustina , Zamora-Rodríguez Zullyt , Fernández García Lidia A. , Suárez Iznaga Rodolfo , Martinez Casanueva Raiza , Castro de la Fe Lisandra , Gonzalez Carvajal Niorkidis , Castellanos Veitia Silvia V. , de Armas-Aguila Yamila R.
Published: September 2022

Context: Patients with COVID-19 present different biochemical and metabolic alterations from the acute state of infection until months later with variability of symptoms and increased toxicity of drugs related to oxidative stress according to previous studies. There are various alternatives to modulate oxidative stress, including the use of medical ozone, which rectal way requires observing both compliance with biosafety measures and adverse reactions in patients. Aims: To evaluate compliance with biosafety measures and the possible manifestations of adverse events in the rectal application of ozone therapy in patients with acute infection or convalescent of COVID-19. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal studies in two clinical trials conducted at the Ernesto Guevara Hospital and the Salvador Allende Hospital, from May to July 2020. Rectal ozone therapy was applied to patients in two trials with a cycle of up to 20 applications according to the study. The activities were described and the performance of the professionals in the procedure was evaluated through an observation guide. Patient follow-up and surveillance for potential adverse reactions were performed. Results: 80% (28/36) of the patients reported the feeling of fullness of the intestines, without other reports, in no case treatment was required. The evaluation of the practices showed full compliance with the procedures without transmission of infection during the period. Conclusions: Compliance with good practices and biosafety in the rectal application of ozone results in the adequate performance of the protocols with benefit and safety for patients under treatment.
Composición química, capacidad antioxidante y actividad antiinflamatoria de los frutos de Mimusops coriacea (A.DC) Mig (Sapotaceae) que crece en Ecuador
Authors: Bustamante Pesantes Katherine E. , Gutiérrez Gaitén Yamilet I. , Chóez Guaranda Iván A. , Miranda Martínez Migdalia
Published: September 2022

Context: Mimusops coriacea (Sapotaceae) is traditionally used to treat inflammation of the urethra, cystitis, diarrhea, and dysentery, among others. In Ecuador it is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory, however the phytochemical and pharmacological information is scarce. Aims: To evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of the M. coriacea fruits in two stages of ripening. Methods: An extraction with hexane by Soxhlet of the oils of the seeds of green and mature fruits was carried out. Saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by maceration from the green and ripe whole fruits and were tested by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant capacity by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS and anti-inflammatory activity using the plantar edema model by carrageenan were evaluated. Results: In the saponifiable fractions, four fatty acids were identified (majority 9-octadecenoic acid) and in the unsaponifiable ones four compounds were assigned to green fruits and nine to mature fruits, the majority being squalene and urs-12-en-24-oico, 3-oxo-methyl ester, respectively. By LC-MS 31 compounds were identified, associated with phenolic compounds and triterpenic saponins. The extracts showed Fe3+ reducing capacity and antiradical activity, the green fruit extract was the most active (IC50s = 4.99 μg/mL and 246.80 μg/mL, DPPH and ABTS, respectively). The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was demonstrated with inhibition percentages greater than 50% by using indomethacin as reference drug. Conclusions: The results provide the first findings of the phytochemical and bioactive potential of the M. coriacea species that grows in Ecuador.
Gallic acid protects against cadmium chloride-induced alterations in Wistar rats via the antioxidant defense mechanism
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Rotimi Damilare , Bright Ayomide Emmanuel , Kayode Omowumi Titilola , Ojo Adebola Busola , Alejolowo Omokolade Oluwaseyi , Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Oluba Olarewaju M.
Published: September 2022

Context: Cadmium has been considered as one of the most hazardous toxic compounds with harmfully effect on the health of organisms. Aims: To evaluate the effects of gallic acid (GA) on the cadmium-induced liver and renal oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were grouped into four (A–D) of five rats. Rats in Group A, B, C and D were administered distilled water, 5 mg/kg bw cadmium chloride (CdCl2), CdCl2 + GA concurrently and GA (20 mg/kg bw) respectively and administered for 14 days. Biochemical parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activities, urea, creatinine and myeloperoxidase activity were determined. Results: In the urea, creatinine and MPO, there was a significant increase in the CdCl2 treated group. In the liver, the CdCl2 treated group reduced significantly the catalase activity and increased the reduced glutathione. The gallic acid group increased in the GSH level, SOD, and CAT activities and it also reduced significantly the MDA level. However, the co-administration of CdCl2 + GA had a considerably increase in the antioxidant enzymes. In the kidney, catalase activity and MDA level significantly decrease and increase respectively. The gallic acid also increases significantly the CAT and SOD activities while the MDA level was reduced. Co-administration of GA + CdCl2 had a substantial increase only in the SOD activity compared to the control. Conclusions: This study indicates that gallic acid was able to protect the alteration induced by cadmium chloride in the rat kidney and liver.
Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Momordica charantia L. foliage extract
Authors: Lagarto Parra Alicia , Menéndez Soto-del Valle Roberto , Piloto Ferrer Janet , Hang Pham Thi Nguyet , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Bellma Addis , Darío López Orestes , Casanave Guarnaluce Dunia , Rodríguez Ferrada Carlos , Padrón Yaquis Alejandro S. , González Alfonso Nicte , Pardo-Andreu Gilberto L.
Published: September 2022

Context: Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) is extensively distributed in tropical areas, and it is traditionally used as antidiabetic. Nevertheless, few studies supporting the metabolic effects of its foliage extracts have been reported elsewhere. Aims: To evaluate the effects of M. charantia foliage extract (MCh) on blood glucose and lipids levels in animal models of hyperglycemia. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties together with the acute toxicity and genotoxic effects were also assessed. Methods: An MCh powder was obtained by spray-drying techniques. The anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of MCh were evaluated in the glucose tolerance test and the alloxan-induced diabetes, respectively. The in vitro and ex vivo MCh antioxidant effects were assessed against the 2,2´-azinobis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), peroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. The MCh anti-inflammatory effects were also assessed together with its toxicological profile by means of the Acute Toxic Class Method, and the chromosome aberration assay. Results: MCh administered orally diminished the glucose and lipids levels in normoglycemic healthy rats and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. Strong in vitro free radical scavenging effects was demonstrated by MCh against ABTS, peroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. The extract also improved the free radical scavenging ability of diabetic mice serum. Moreover, MCh reduced the weight of cotton-induced granulomas in mice, the exudate volume, and its leukocyte counts in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats. Very low MCh toxicity was also verified. Conclusions: The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities here observed make the spray-drayed powder from M. charantia foliage extract an interesting alternative for the correction of diabetes and its complications.
The rationale for methylene blue utility against SARS-CoV-2 infection complications
Authors: Pardo Andreu Gilberto L.
Published: September 2022

Context: Almost one year after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China and still no specific therapy has emerged, counting millions of dead worldwide. The association of an uncontrolled SARS-CoV-2 replication and host-dependent mechanisms in COVID-19 pathogenesis suggest that any therapeutic strategy must combine antiviral drugs and adjuvant therapy to modulate the host’s responses. Owing to the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in COVID-19 pathogenic expressions, such as severe hypoxia, excessive inflammatory reaction and impaired immune response, an emerging therapeutic paradigm is the searching for agents acting as multifunctional drugs. Methylene blue (MB), the antique medication, seems to meet the above criterion. Aims: To summarize the probable beneficial effects of MB against COVID-19 supported by a discussion of the drug mechanisms of action counteracting the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were used to collect the biomedical research on MB, and the discussed dataset finally included 150 published articles. Those COVID-19 pathogenic pathways possibly targeted by MB were critically appraised. Results: It was found that MB may act as multimodal agent by targeting simultaneously several pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 as hypoxic damage, hyper-inflammatory reaction and death signaling activation. It also may act as a virucidal agent by preventing virus-induced metabolic re-orientation. Its high safety profile, low cost, along with the mechanisms discussed herein might be essential criteria to test MB as an adjuvant therapy against COVID-19. Conclusions: Overall, this critical review provides theoretical grounds for MB clinical evaluation in the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Rapid qualitative and quantitative HPLC/MS analysis of an antioxidant couple consisted of glutathione and ascorbic acid in a pharmaceutical product
Authors: Yefimov Stanislav V.
Published: September 2022

Context: In pharmacy products, glutathione and vitamin C are often present together. Both components not only enhance each other’s action but also protect each other from oxidation, forming an antioxidant couple. The work is devoted to the development of an HPLC method for determining the activity of pharmaceutical preparations containing the antioxidant couple as an active substance. Aims: Develop and validate an HPLC/MS method for the determination of an antioxidant couple of glutathione and ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical products. The method should be fast and simple, that is, analyze both components in one run without derivatization and any preliminary sample preparation. Methods: The Agilent 6125 C SQ LS/DAD/MS instrument was used to detect the two active components simultaneously. MSD was used to detect glutathione; DAD was used to detect ascorbic acid. Results: The run time was 2.0 min. Glutathione was eluted with a retention time of 1.48 min. Its limit of detection was 0.03 μg. Ascorbic acid was eluted with a retention time of 1.02 min. Its limit of detection was 0.01 μg. Recovery of glutathione varied from 92 to 105%, and the recovery of ascorbic acid varied from 99 to 100%. In positive electrospray ionization mode, the spectra of glutathione (Glut.) showed the predominant signals at m/z+ of 308.2, which corresponds to cation (Glut.-H+). Ascorbic acid(AA) is converted into several cations, including AA-H+ and 2AA-Na+, m/z+= 177 and 375. Conclusions: The developed HPLC/MS method for the determination of antioxidant couple consisted of glutathione and ascorbic acid in nasal spray and injection solution was validated for accuracy/recovery, precision, and selectivity. The use of a tandem of a mass spectrometric detector and a diode-array detector is substantiated. The method is fast, simple, sensitive and reproducible, and is suitable for the determination of the antioxidant couple in pharmaceutical products without derivatization or any preliminary sample preparation.
The real impact of COVID-19 on community pharmacy professionals as part of the primary health care frontier workforce in Spain
Authors: Manouchehri Marjan , Bhamra Sukvinder K. , Fernández-Alfonso María S. , Gil-Ortega Marta
Published: September 2022

Context: Spain was at the epicenter of the pandemic. Health centers across Spanish territory were not able to respond to non-emergency enquiries, leaving community pharmacies as the first point of patient’s contact. Aims: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental and physical health of community pharmacy teams across Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with community pharmacy professionals throughout Spain. A questionnaire designed by our collaborator from the United Kingdom was adapted to the Spanish population and launched between October 2020 and February 2021. Results: A total of 98 participants responded to the questionnaire. The survey showed an 80% increase in workload. The pandemic had negatively impacted the well-being of community pharmacy professionals. The survey indicated a national shortage of medicines and personal protective equipment across Spain, particularly during the first peak. To adapt to this pandora’s box of COVID-19, 96% of the pharmacies changed their settings to improve patients and staff’s safety. Most of these changes were self-financed by the pharmacy owner. The pharmacists kept up to date with information released from the pharmacists’ college, General Pharmaceutical Council and the Spanish Society of Community Pharmacists. The Public domain purchased more (79%) immune booster supplements. Conclusions: Community pharmacy professionals have faced tremendous mental, physical and professional pressure in providing adequate personal protective equipment and medication supply to their communities. They have provided more pharmaceutical services during the crisis, although they have not been recognized as essential workers by the healthcare system.
The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review
Authors: Surboyo Meircurius D.C. , Ernawati Diah S. , Arundina Ira , Mansur Dieni , Iskandar Benni , Santosh Arvind B.R. , Anggrarista Kelvin A.N. , Cecilia Pamela H. , Nagoro Ayu A.B.
Published: September 2022

Context: The standard management of oral ulcer therapy is focused only on symptomatic therapy, such as reducing pain. To date, there is no topical drug that has the pharmacodynamics to intervene in oral ulcer pathogenicity. Liquid smoke is traditionally used as a safe natural preservative. The liquid smoke is highly phenolic and compound rich. It is presumed to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with potentially promising therapeutic effects on oral ulcers. Aims: To describe the possible pharmacodynamics or action mechanism of liquid smoke as a promising remedy for oral ulcer therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Embase was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used included ‘liquid smoke’, ‘wood vinegar’, ‘liquid pyrolysis’ and ‘oral ulcer’. A screening process, including titles, abstracts and full texts, was performed. Eight related articles were selected to describe the possible pharmacodynamics or mechanism action of the liquid smoke originating from coconut shells and rice hulls for oral ulcer remedies. Results: Liquid smoke from coconut shell and rice husk is highly contained phenol, guaiacol and 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol (2-EMP). These compounds are antioxidants that can bind reactive oxygen species and increase cellular responses, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing macrophage differentiation to M2. The increase of M2, with help from lymphocytes, can secrete various growth factors, which can accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagens needed in the healing process of oral ulcers. Conclusions: Liquid smoke pharmacodynamics inhibit both inflammatory and proliferation pathway stimulation, which promises remedies for oral ulcers.
In vivo bronchodilator evaluation of the ethanolic extract of the stems of Jatropha macrantha Müll.Arg.
Authors: Chávez Haydee , Palomino Freddy , Angelino Jackeline , Torres Ernesto , Bendezú María R. , García Jorge A. , Loja Berta , Muñoz Ana M. , Alvarado Angel T.
Published: September 2022

Context: Asthma is characterized by hyperresponsiveness and bronchoconstriction, induced by histamine and other noxes, with a prevalence in Peru of 20.7-28.2%, which is why, in traditional medicine, Jatropha macrantha Müll.Arg is used. Aims: To evaluate the in vivo bronchodilator activity of the ethanolic extract of the stems of J. macrantha. Methods: The powdered material of the stem of J. macrantha was extracted with ethanol 96° by maceration; then, the phytochemical screening was carried out. The doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the extracts were subjected to in vivo evaluation in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) with 1% histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, determining the latency period and the intensity of the effect. Results: Phytochemical sieving showed alkaloids, catechins, flavonoids, tannins and terpenes. The activity was observed at the three doses of the J. macrantha extract, being higher at a single dose of 400 mg/kg, with a latency period of 33.0 ± 1.02 s, asphyxia 84.5 ± 1.08 s and anaphylaxis 105.6 ± 0.59 s. The analysis of variance and Dunnett’s test resulted with p<0.05 as statistically significant. Conclusions: The results showed bronchodilator activity of the ethanolic extract of J. macrantha at an average dose of 400 mg/kg, orally, in Cavia porcellus.
Electronic Financial Disclosure level on the Commercial Bank Sector of Bahrain Bourse
Authors: Al Alkawi Talal , J. A. Ali Basel
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates electronic financial disclosure in the banking industry of all commercial banks listed on the Bahrain bourse. A checklist was developed to assess the amount of electronic financial disclosure in Bahraini commercial banks. The sample size comprised of 8 commercial banks listed on the Bahrain bourse’s financial sector from 2016 to 2021. According to the statistical analysis, the total amount of electronic financial disclosure varies from bank to bank. According to this survey, commercial banks listed on the Bahrain Bourse achieve a level of financial electronic disclosure of 76 percent. This paper should be especially relevant to bank managements in order to improve their electronic financial disclosure level by considering strategical policies, to provide good opportunities for banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain to improve their competitions, and to serve as a guide for academics in the banking sector in Bahrain. Keywords: Electronic Financial Disclosure, Commercial Bank.
Assessment of Markets Fire Emergency Preparedness in Tanzania A Case Study of 6 Markets in Ilala City Council -Dares Salaam
Authors: L. Mboma William
Published: September 2022

This study is intended to assess fire emergency preparedness in public and private markets in Dar es Salaam Region by measuring the specific market preparedness in fire emergency policies, fire safety equipment, signage and infrastructure, fire fighting knowledge and fire preparedness plans, and acknowledging areas of improvements. The study was comparative and adopted mixed approach design implying both quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data were collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interview and observation. Secondary data were obtained reviewing published dissertations, articles, journals, textbooks and documents from the website. A total sample of 87 respondents from public markets were selected for the study. Quantitative data was analysed by using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS. Qualitative data was analysed by using content analysis. The use of graphs and charts was encouraged to facilitate data presentation. The findings showed that fire emergency preparedness was good in private Markets compared to public market. The study revealed that both public and private markets had awareness on firefighting activities. However, public market did not offer much trainings compared to private markets which made majority of the respondents to have less knowledge on firefighting. Also, public markets lacked fire emergency policies, plans and some of firefighting equipment compared to private markets. The study recommended that markets should have fire emergency preparedness plans, policies, sufficient equipment, signage and infrastructure and monitoring and evaluation programs. Also separate fire preparedness budget and creation of awareness programs via different communication media to improve emergency preparedness
The Accounting Measurement and Disclosure of Public Expenditure Return and Its Impact on Rationalizing Allocation Decisions
Authors: Hosny Mohamed Tamera Samy
Published: September 2022

The research aims to identify the essential variables that cause the inefficiency of decisions to allocate public expenditures and that cause the inability to determine the optimal mix of aspects of public expenditure, in addition to providing a suggested approach to reduce these variables and rationalize allocation decisions. Through this research, the researcher tries to answer the research question related to how to rationalize public expenditure allocation decisions? The researcher conducted an analytical study of a number of previous research studies in both the accounting and economic literature which discussed public expenditure allocation and the measurement of social benefits, The researcher also conducted a practical study based on a survey of a number of experts in both economic and accounting literature and public finance science in a number of countries registered in the International Monetary Fund database, with the aim of testing the research hypotheses and the proposed methodologies that he thinks as their ability to reduce the causes of inefficiency decisions allocation. The results of this research are the acceptance of the research hypotheses that have been formulated and concluded that the process of allocating public expenditures lacks an objective measurement of information related to the inputs and outputs of the allocation, and the possibility of achieving this information through the accounting measurement of the return on public expenditure that the researcher put forward as a new target for measurement.
IMPLEMENTASI JUAL BELI PESANAN (ISTISHNA’) PADA USAHA BENGKEL LAS YUDA DI KELURAHAN TAMBUN NABOLON
Authors: Wina Nazliya  , Nurhayati  , Mawaddah Irham
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Istishna’ is a contrack of orders transaction made by producers and consumers to make an item with certain specifications with a payment system that canibe done at theibeginning, at the middleior at the end. This studyiiaims to find outiihow to carryiiout transaction and how to implement orders transaction (istishna’) at the Yuda Welding Workshop. This studyiuses qualitativeimethods withidata collectionitechniques throughiobservation, interviews, andidocumentation of business owners and customers involved in orders transaction at the Yuda Welding Workshop. Theiresults showedithatithe implementationiof transactionat the Yuda Welding Workshop was in accordanceiwith the pillars and conditions of transactioniniIslam. The perpetrators of the transaction are mutually pleased, the goods being traded are clear and lawful, and the price of the goods is known by the consumer. While the implementation of orders transaction (istishna’) carried out at the Yuda Welding Workshop has not fully complied with the terms of istishna’, namely ordered goods that are notiin accordanceiwith the specificationsidesired by consumers, the occurrence of delays in the completion of the ordered goods, and not timely repayment. Payments made by consumers. However, in terms of the payment system, it is iniaccordance with theiconcept of istishna’ thatiis, at theibeginning, at theimiddle, andiat theiend.
ANALISIS PRAKTIK JUAL BELI KARET DI DESA KAYU LAUT KECAMATAN PANYABUNGAN SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Jureid
Published: September 2022

Buying and selling is a transaction carried out by both parties, namely the seller and the buyer in terms of transferring ownership rights to an object which is preceded by a contract and delivery of a predetermined amount of money. This study aims to find out how the practice of buying and selling rubber latex in the Kayu Selatan Village of Panyabungan, and how its status is reviewed according to Islamic law. The research method used is a field research method, and the nature of the research is descriptive qualitative and juridical. Sources of data collected are primary data and secondary data. The data collection is by using, interviews, observation and documentation. The result of the research is that the practice of buying and selling rubber sap in Kayu Laut village occurs in several stages, namely: first, rubber farmers harvest, usually every week on weekends (Tuesday) and sell it to a rubber sap agent or Toke, Toke will weigh the sap that has been harvested, after the sap is weighed in a sack or hanging scale. The buying and selling of rubber in Kayu Laut Village occurs normally. However, in practice there are deviations that occur, namely cutting the scales by 1 kg every 20 Kg. This is done as an anticipation of losses due to shrinkage of the sap after drying. In addition, there are deviations in the form of adding particles by Penderes as an effort to get more profit and anticipating the cuts made by Toke. In addition, there was also an abnormal weighing, the sap being weighed was still shaking but it had been calculated by the toke. This abnormal scale is also the reason for Penderes adding particles to their sap. The practice of cutting the scales, adding particles and weighing scales that are calculated when shaking is a practice that is not in accordance with Islamic law. This clearly violates the terms of sale and purchase on the object of buying and selling and attitudes on the subject of buying and selling. In addition, there are also dishonest, untrustworthy attitudes, categories of giyas and tathfif which are strictly prohibited in Islamic law.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Stems and Branches of Falcata [Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes] Grown in Caraga, Philippines
Authors: Marasigan Oliver , Razal Ramon , Carandang Wilfredo , Alipon Marina
Published: September 2022

The physical and mechanical properties of branch wood from falcata [Falcataria molucanna (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes] grown in Caraga Region, Philippines were determined to assess suitability for end-uses such as core veneer and as material for light construction and handles and boxes as the stem wood. Tests done to compare the properties with the stem wood showed significant differences in relative density (average values of 0.284 for the stem wood and 0.255 for the branch wood) and shrinkage properties in all directions. Axial position significantly influenced variation in moisture content (p = 0.0024) for stem and branch wood, as well as relative density (p = < 0.0001) plus percent tangential (p = < 0.0001) and radial (p = 0.0014) shrinkage. For the mechanical properties, the stem wood end hardness was significantly higher by 28.8% at green condition (p = 0.0003) and by 13.36% at 12% MC (p = 0.0133) than the branch wood. The compression perpendicular to the grain at 12% MC of the stem wood was also higher by 16.10% (p = 0.0166). However, for the other mechanical properties studied, the differences were not significant. The bottom portion of the stem and branch wood exhibited the highest mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the higher relative density at this portion (p = 0.0001). Based on the results that showed insignificant differences in most of the properties between the wood types of F. moluccana, the branch wood can possibly be used for similar applications as the stem wood such as for light construction, non-structural veneer, and plywood; for tool handles, boxes, and other household items; and for pulp and paper. The utilization of the branch wood of F. moluccana, therefore, can augment the raw materials supply for the local wood industry.
Quantifying Stock News Relevance in Indian Markets
Authors: Rani Neelam , Gupta Raag
Published: September 2022

Researchers have extensively tried machine learning algorithms in news classification and related quantitative finance domains in the past. Stock market investors look forward to being able to predict stock prices successfully not only to get the best returns but also to minimize the risk of losses with a forecast of stock prices and movement of the stock exchange depending upon the type of news. In this paper, we hypothesize that any news that comes to the market can broadly be classified into two types: Class A- News that has an effect such that it leads to a rise in the stock prices of the reference stock and a fall in the stock prices of its competitor stocks, or vice versa, and Class B- News that results in a simultaneous surge or decline in the stock prices of the reference stocks and its competitor stocks alike. This study is an effort to mathematically validate this hypothesis.

This domain hasn’t been explored, and through our work, we try to demonstrate the capability of the existence of a pattern in the market, which could then be used for building automated trading strategies. We also adopt a unique approach to model the data as a supervised machine learning problem and by solving, on obtaining an accuracy of 66.5% we prove that such patterns exist and further suggest research inputs on ideas derived from this.
Does the Value-at-Risk legal framework lead to inaccurate and procyclical risk estimations? Empirical Evidence from the EU countries.
Authors: Vasileiou Evangelos
Published: September 2022

This analysis tests whether the quantitative requirements of the law (Basel and Committee of European Securities Regulators) regarding the Value at Risk (VaR) framework may lead to inaccurate and procyclical VaR estimations. We apply two of the most popular VaR models, the Historical (HVaR) and the Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA VaR) models, to a wide sample of 13 European Indices during the period 2002-2019. The empirical evidence confirms our assumptions that the legal framework in many cases leads to inaccurate and procyclical VaR estimations. Moreover, we show that the limitation on the required data inputs does not really contribute to a more stable financial environment. Further, we show that the current framework does not examine the procyclicality issue. The evidence in this study shows that the current legal framework needs some reforms: (a) the guideline on the minimum number of data inputs for the VaR estimations should be removed, taking provided that the accuracy of the applied VaR model is often evaluated, and (b) the current backtesting procedure does not examine whether VaR estimations are representative of the financial conditions. An additional backtesting procedure at a lower that the 99% confidence level could resolve this issue.
Endlichkeit ohne Unendlichkeit? Heideggers ‚Wegkreuzung‘ mit Hegel im ‚Seinsproblem‘
Authors: Spann Anne Sophie
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In destructing traditional metaphysics, Heidegger accuses German Idealism of eliminating the finite in favour of the infinite. Particularly Hegel is criticized for ignoring the true finitude of Dasein and thereby misinterpreting being as infinite absolute. The paper explores this criticism in three steps. First, the main features of Heidegger’s early metaphysics of finite Dasein as developed in Being and Time will be traced, followed, second, by an examination of Heidegger’s claim that Hegel’s absolute has a temporal-finite origin. Taking a closer look at Heidegger’s alternative, true finitude, finally leads to a reflection on some difficulties in Heidegger’s critique of Hegel.
Mythos, Religion und Geschichte im Stern der Erlösung von Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Bienenstock Myriam
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Throughout his life, Franz Rosenzweig (1886–1929) wondered at the role fulfilled by myth in the course of history. He also questioned the relationship of myth to religion. His masterpiece, The Star of Redemption (1921), purported to give an answer to his questioning. This article endeavours to shed light upon Rosenzweig’s answer by focussing upon the Star, and also by recurring to one of his earlier articles, “Atheistic Theology” (1914).
Sprachspiele zwischen Heimat und Exil. Anmerkungen zu Wittgenstein
Authors: Thomä Dieter
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The article discusses Wittgenstein’s notion of language-game by focusing on his inversion of the relation between foundation and construction. By examining Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language and life, the article attempts to gain general information about the purposes of philosophy.
Der Gegensatz von kausaler und teleologischer Handlungstheorie und die zwei Reihen der Zeit
Authors: Gerlach Stefan
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The study gives a temporal analysis of actions. Thereby it tries to show that there is a crucial connection between action theory and time theory. It is based on the idea that the main difference in time theory between A- and B-series of time is related to the main difference in action theory between causal and teleological concepts of action. Teleological concepts need A-time-series because goals are in the future related to the view of the agent in acting – and not just later as the time he is in now. They cannot be replaced by causal explications without cutting the idea of goal-directed action in the same way as in time theory the concept of future, as a part of the A-series, cannot be reduced to the B-series of time.
Sind Andy Warhols „Brillo-Boxes“ Kunstwerke? – Zum Begriff der Kunst
Authors: von der Pfordten Dietmar
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Are Andy Warhol’s Brillo Boxes works of art? This article investigates the concept of art in regard to this question in six steps. (1) First, the radical challenge of art in modernity is explained. (2) Second, the concept of art in the history of philosophy is explored. (3) What follows is a discussion of three suggestions on how to understand the concept of art. (4) In the fourth step the question of the concept of art is framed more abstractly and a discussion regarding its relationship between the contingent and necessary elements is offered. (5) As a result of this investigation some elements of the concept of art are suggested. (6) The final step is an answer to the initial question regarding whether or not Andy Warhol’s Brillo Boxes are works of art.
Der Dynamis-Vorschlag im Sophistes. Überlegungen zum platonischen Seinsbegriff
Authors: Meißner David
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In Plato’s Sophist (247e), the Eleatic Stranger seems to propose to define being by means of the notion of dynamis. Although some recent papers have claimed that his dynamis-proposal should be taken seriously (at least as an explication of Plato’s concept of being, if not as a definition in the strict sense) it is still far from clear what this claim amounts to – especially in the case of the being of the forms. This paper shows that, regarding forms, a modal and a formal interpretation of the dynamis-proposal is possible. While the latter interpretation is preferable on philosophical and hermeneutical grounds, it seems to conflict with the principle that a form is a being by participating in the form of being. By distinguishing between direct and indirect participation in the form of being, the paper resolves this conflict, concluding that the formal interpretation of the dynamis-proposal can indeed be read as a philosophically attractive holistic explication of Plato’s concept of the being of forms.
Bernard Williams zum methodischen Gebrauch der Philosophiegeschichte
Authors: Robaszkiewicz Lena
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Why should contemporary philosophers study philosophical texts of the past? Today, there are various answers to that question, but Bernard Williams was one of the first who has combined analytical and historical elements in his approach to it. Although several recent articles refer to Williams’ different remarks about the history of philosophy, his attitude has never been presented comprehensively. That desideratum will be fulfilled in this essay. In doing so, I will argue, firstly, that Williams rejects the position traditionally favoured by analytical philosophers because of his very different understanding of philosophy and, secondly, that the three different methods he suggests for studying the history of philosophy are compatible with each other.
Seneca als Geschichtsphilosoph
Authors: Nießen Johannes Maximilian
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The philosophical writings of Seneca the Younger comprise noteworthy thoughts concerning Philosophy of History. This paper aims to prove that these thoughts form above all a coherent system. Developing the criteria as well as the definition of Philosophy of History from writings of Kant and Hegel, the following analysis identifies and systematizes relevant concepts such as reason, teleology, cultural development and providence in the writings of Seneca (mainly Epistulae, De providentia and Naturales Quaestiones). The analysis and the comparison with Kant and Hegel make clear that Seneca draws up Philosophy of History as a systematic meta-discipline. Consequently, this paper shows that systematic Philosophy of History is already rooted in Antiquity and that specifically Seneca can to some extent be regarded as a forerunner of the philosophy of the Modern Period.
Rhetorik der Mäßigung. Sophistische Elemente der sokratischen Dialektik in Platons Gorgias
Authors: Leeten Lars
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In Plato’s Gorgias, Socrates makes pronounced use of ‘rhetorical’ means. While this has often been pointed out, it has rarely been asked which constitutive features are shared by Socrates’ and Gorgias’ discursive practices. This article tackles this question based on the notion of logos that emerges in Gorgias’ Encomium of Helen. It is claimed that Gorgias was not concerned with a rhetorical technique but in fact with a practice of ethical formation. In this practice, or culture of speech, speakers bring virtue to bear by displaying virtuous ways of speaking. Socratic dialectic, as presented in the Gorgias, can be interpreted as bringing this discursive practice to perfection.
Die moralische Wende in Kants Philosophie der Geschichte
Authors: Heisenberg Thimo
Published: September 2022

Abstract: In this paper, I argue that Kant’s philosophy of history underwent a significant change be- tween his 1784 Idea for a Universal History and his 1790 Third Critique. My proposal is that in between these two texts Kant decisively revised his conception of the sources of historical, i. e. cultural and political, progress: In 1784, he conceived of historical progress as primarily accomplished through social antagonism among human beings, whereas beginning in 1790, he elevates ethical cooperation into a second, significant source of progress. Between 1784 and the 1790s, in other words, Kant re-conceived the collaboration between moral agents as a driving force of history and of the progressing cultivation of humankind. In this paper I offer evidence for this change and suggest reasons why it might have occurred.
Der Mensch im Spiegel der Idee Gottes. Untersuchungen zum Verhältnis von Gott und Mensch bei Descartes, Feuerbach und Husserl
Authors: Mintken Tammo E.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The depiction of the relation of God and man is one of the most difficult challenges of religious philosophy and even more the understanding of God and the human self-conception are deeply entwined. Trying an access to both questions starting from subjectivity, the idea of God is investigated in Descartes, Feuerbach and Husserl. After a discussion of the idea of God in Descartes and its consequences for human aspiration, the opposite standpoint of Feuerbach and his so-called theory of projection will be examined. Finally, aspects from both thinkers are brought together in Husserl’s phenomenological ethics. The idea of God is the entelechy of reason and self-realizing goodness, in which the searching person can realize its own potentials as much as its own abyss, yet is always called to advance beyond herself and toward the ever-beyond God within.
Die Entstehung der angewandten Ethik aus dem Geist des amerikanischen Pragmatismus
Authors: Heinrichs Bert
Published: September 2022

Abstract. It is generally assumed that applied ethics originated in the United States in the 1960s as a reaction to new social challenges (particularly in the field of medicine), to some extent superseding the metaethical analyses of moral language dominant at that time. This widespread portrayal of applied ethics as an unforeseen reaction of philosophy to new social challenges is inaccurate. In this article, I seek to show that applied ethics should be regarded as a philosophical innovation whose origins can be traced back to the ethics of Kant and the Neokantianism of Hermann Cohen. It is my central thesis that the key step in its development occurred with American Pragmatism, or, to be precise, in the intellectual environment around American Pragmatism.
Über die Entwicklung des Verstehens von Wahrnehmung und Perspektivität
Authors: Moll Henrike , Stekeler-Weithofer Pirmin
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The topic of this article is the ontogenetic development of an understanding of perception and of different subjects’ perspectives. We discuss the importance of alternating and explicating the different perspectives involved in joint object reference in hopes to get a better grip on what is actually meant by the metaphor of “putting oneself in someone else’s mental shoes” and on how such an ability might be acquired. Hegel’s (1820/2009, §260)principle of subjectivity states that no one can ever step outside of her subjective perspective. Thinking about another’s thoughts or perspectives is not first of all a psychological process of getting into or reading someone else’s mind. Rather, it is the internalization of a possible symbolic action qua form, which, like speech, has commonly intelligible content (Hegel 1820/2009, §§110, 111). Our investigations show that an understanding of other persons and their subjective access to the world has its origin in experiences of joint attention and joint action. By jointly acting with others, even infants can acquire practical knowledge of others’ relations to objects. Only much later do children come to understand others’ thoughts that are not actualized in action.
‚Ultimate Responsibility‘ without causa sui: Schelling’s Intelligible Deed of Freedom contra Galen Strawson’s Argument
Authors: Buchheim Thomas
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Since the mid-1980s, Galen Strawson has introduced an argument into the analytic debate about the concept and possibility of freedom. He has repeated and defended it in various formulations, which amounts to an “impossibilism” of freedom in the moral sense, i. e., to the impossibility that we can be called ultimately responsible for the moral quality of our actions based on existing freedom in the full sense. In this paper, I want to explain Strawson’s argument, which is supposed to prove this intuitive difficulty as impossible to fulfill, and to show the conditions of its persuasiveness. Furthermore, I will make clear how and by what right philosophers like Kant, Fichte and especially Schelling were able to evade this argument avant la lettre by introducing the concept of an intelligible self-constituting act of freedom.
Landesrecht Bremen
Authors: Fischer-Lescano Andreas , Sperlich Peter
Published: September 2022

Das Studienbuch zum Bremer Landesrecht versammelt alle zentralen landesrechtlichen Themen, die nicht nur für die Studierenden in der Hansestadt, sondern auch für alle in der Praxis Tätigen von großer Relevanz sind. Die AutorInnen aus Wissenschaft sowie behördlicher und gerichtlicher Praxis, erörtern angefangen beim Landesverfassungsrecht über das allgemeine Landesverwaltungsrecht die Spezialmaterien des Polizeirechts, des Kommunalrechts, des Umwelt-, Bau- und Planungsrechts. Die Materien des Hochschulrechts, des Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechts, Fragen der Diversität und des Datenschutzrechts sind für die Praxis auf Landes- und Kommunalebene von besonderer Relevanz und werden prägnant dargestellt.

Die 2. Aufl. berücksichtigt alle examensrelevanten Änderungen in den landesrechtlichen Normen. Soweit sich daraus interessante examensrelevante Probleme ergeben, haben sie in den Ausführungen und Beispielsfällen besondere Beachtung erfahren. Die Neuauflage geht an verschiedenen Punkten auf die landesrechtlichen Probleme ein, die sich im Zusammenhang mit den Beschränkungen zur Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie ergeben haben. Aktuelle rechtliche Diskussionen, die das Landesrecht betreffen, wie z. B. bei der Verschärfung des Polizeirechts oder die Schaffung eines eigenen Landesversammlungsgesetzes haben Eingang in die Überarbeitung gefunden. Weitere Beispiele und Vertiefungsfälle runden die Darstellung ab.
Sicherheitstexturen
Authors: Ripper Annette
Published: September 2022

The technical realisation of flying created a new understanding of time and space, which have, in return, also shaped ideas of safety and security. Perception and handling of safety and security issues were crucial for civil aviation from the beginning, but have altered continuously and have to date become a complex challenge.

This study offers an initial contribution to the cultural history of aviation security connecting approaches of the Science of Literature as well as the History and Philosophy of Technology, thereby scrutinizing the relation between security, technology, space, and literary fiction. Thus, functions of literary narratives are explained and concepts of security, technology and space are reflected.
The Prevalence of Electrolyte Imbalances and Their Relationship with Disease Severity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mahsa , Gorgani Fatemeh , Javadi Tabrizi Safa , Khajavi Rad Nasim , Zarei Jalalabadi Narjes , Karimpour Reyhan Sahar , Najafi Mohammad Taghi , Daraei Morteza
Published: September 2022

: Since the identification of COVID-19, its various manifestations have been reported in numerous studies. However, few studies have specifically examined the electrolyte imbalances seen in this disease. Patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to our hospital entered this retrospective cross-sectional study. Upon admission of the patients, a blood sample was sent for the analysis of the electrolytes. The relationship between electrolyte imbalances and disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality was also stated. Of 1072 hospitalized patients studied, 657 were men, and 415 were women. The prevalence of hypocalcemia (47.7%), hypophosphatemia (21.1%), hypomagnesemia (15.8%), and hyponatremia (13%) was higher compared to other electrolyte imbalances in these patients. Lower levels of sodium, calcium, and magnesium were seen in severe cases, while higher serum levels of potassium and phosphorus were detected in severe cases and ICU hospitalized patients. Causes such as albumin decrease in inflammation, the role of PTH, and the effect of vitamin D can play a role in hypocalcemia in these patients. In addition, electrolyte loss from the digestive tract can contribute to electrolyte imbalances. Because of the high prevalence of electrolyte imbalance in these patients, electrolyte monitoring is recommended in COVID-19 patients to ensure better care.