bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of metastatic mucosal melanoma to immunotherapy: It can get worse before it gets better
Authors: Atrash Shebli , Makhoul Issam , Mizell Jason S , Hutchins Laura , Mahmoud Fade
Published: January 2016

Immune therapy with checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma. Ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab are all FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat metastatic melanoma. Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors are usually delayed. An interim progression on restaging computed tomography scans “pseudo-progression” may be observed before response to treatment occur. In this case, we report a significant interim progression of metastatic mucosal melanoma before meaningful responses to immunotherapy occurred. The patient developed significant immune therapy-related colitis and new onset vitiligo. Further restaging computed tomography scans showed sustained tumor response despite stopping the immune therapy.
Is Policy Capturing Really More Resistant Than Traditional Self-Report Techniques to Socially Desirable Responding?
Authors: Tomassetti Alan J. , Dalal Reeshad S. , Kaplan Seth A.
Published: January 2016

Researchers are frequently concerned that people respond to questions on sensitive topics (e.g., those involving money, criminal activity, sexual behavior) in a way that makes them look more socially desirable than they are. For decades, the technique known as “policy capturing” (or “judgment analysis”) has been recommended as a solution to socially desirable responding (i.e., “faking good”). Surprisingly, however, until now, the extent to which policy capturing actually reduces socially desirable responding had not been tested empirically in a comprehensive manner. We examined the importance respondents assigned to several job characteristics, some of which (e.g., pay, schedule flexibility) tend to be susceptible to socially desirable responding. We compared responses obtained from policy capturing to those from four traditional self-report techniques (i.e., Likert-type, forced choice, ranking, and points distribution) across four instructional sets: instructions to respond honestly, warnings not to respond dishonestly, instructions to respond in a socially desirable manner, and no specific instructions. Results from both between-subject and within-subject comparisons indicated that policy capturing was indeed much more resistant than any of the traditional self-report techniques to socially desirable responding.
Effect of displacement on kinetic frictional behaviour between electro-deposited coating and AISI 52100 steel under fretting conditions
Authors: Hur Ji Won , Baek Seung Yub , Kim Kyungmok
Published: January 2016

This article investigates the effect of imposed displacement on the evolution of the kinetic friction coefficient between an epoxy-based cathodic electro-deposited coating and a steel ball. Small-amplitude reciprocal sliding is induced until the friction coefficient reaches a critical value. The kinetic friction coefficient is measured at various imposed displacements. Slip ratio, defined as the ratio of an actual sliding distance to imposed displacement, is determined to identify a slip regime. Experimental results show that a friction coefficient evolution varies in a gross slip regime according to imposed displacement amplitude. It is identified that the critical number of cycles to coating failure decreases with increased imposed displacement amplitude. The relation between the critical number of cycle and imposed displacement amplitude is found to be inverse power law.
Development of a reduced dynamic model for comfort evaluation of rail vehicle systems
Authors: Graa Mortadha , Nejlaoui Mohamed , Houidi Ajmi , Affi Zouhaier , Romdhane Lotfi
Published: January 2016

In this paper, an analytical reduced dynamic model of a rail vehicle system is developed. This model considers only 38 degrees of freedom of the rail vehicle system. This reduced model can predict the dynamic behaviour of the rail vehicle while being simpler than existing dynamic models. The developed model is validated using experimental results found in the bibliography and its results are compared with existing more complex models from the literature. The developed model is used for the passenger comfort evaluation, which is based on the value of the weighted root mean square acceleration according to the ISO 2631 standard. Several parameters of the system, i.e., passenger position, loading of the railway vehicle and its speed, and their effect on the passenger comfort are investigated. It was shown that the level of comfort is mostly affected by the speed of the railway vehicle and the position of the seat. The load, however, did not have a significant effect on the level of comfort of the passenger.
Re-examining the relationship between religion and punitiveness: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Hanslmaier Michael , Baier Dirk
Published: January 2016

Research has shown that punitive attitudes are influenced by denominational affiliation, religious participation and images of God. However, most of the research so far has been conducted in the United States, which is very different compared with most European states with respect to the importance of religion. The paper analyses the relationship between religion and punitiveness outside the United States in a European context based on a German-wide representative survey ( N = 2265). Respondents who perceive God as loving are less punitive and support the death penalty less. The same holds for the frequency of praying and church attendance. Protestants and Catholics are also less supportive of the death penalty compared with non-affiliated individuals.
Early Candidate Biomarkers of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Are Screened and Identified in Premalignant Lung Lesions
Authors: Nan Yandong , Du Jie , Ma Lijie , Jiang Hua , Jin Faguang , Yang Shuanying
Published: January 2016

A specific protein profile that accompanies neoplastic transformation in the premalignant airway epithelium could provide an opportunity for early diagnosis of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to screen and identify early candidate biomarkers of non–small cell lung cancer. Thirteen non–small cell lung cancer samples were obtained within 30 minutes after a surgical resection. Laser capture microdissection was performed to enrich the normal lung cell and squamous metaplasia or atypical adenomatous hyperplasia cell populations. The resulting tandem mass spectrum was automatically searched for proteins against International Protein Index (IPI) human protein database using the TurboSEQUEST searching engine. The molecular function and biological processes of identified proteins were determined based on universal bioinformatics tools. The 2 proteins of interest, focal adhesion kinase and C-terminal Src kinase, were validated using Western blot method. A total of 863 proteins were identified by automatically searching the tandem mass spectrum, among which 427 were dysregulated expression in premalignant airway epithelium compared with those of normal lung cells. The 427 proteins were mainly distributed in 24 sorts of cellular components, 22 molecular function, 15 biological processes, and 10 significant perturbations of pathways. The most significant network included 48 genes and was related to energy production, cell cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, metabolism, oxidative stress, and small molecule biochemistry. Focal adhesion kinase and C-terminal Src kinase were significantly overexpressed in premalignant lung lesion cells compared with the normal lung cells in 13 cases. We identified that there were 427 proteins involved in non–small cell lung cancer carcinogenic process and confirmed the key biological pathways in premalignant lung tissue. The significantly upregulated focal adhesion kinase and C-terminal Src kinase could be considered as molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of non–small cell lung cancer.
Women may respond different from men to vitamin D supplementation regarding cardiometabolic biomarkers
Authors: Sharifi Nasrin , Amani Reza , Hajiani Eskandar , Cheraghian Bahman
Published: January 2016

Evidence has revealed that vitamin D status is associated with the cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, few gender-specific analyses have been performed in the clinical trials regarding vitamin D supplementation. As a result, assessing gender differences regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on some cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the aim of present study. We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of a double blind placebo controlled study. Patients with NAFLD randomly allocated to receive one oral pearl consisting of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 ( n = 27, 13 men and 14 women) or a placebo ( n = 26, 13 men and 13 women) every 14 days for four months. Serum lipid profiles, aminotransferases, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin as well as insulin resistance and dietary intakes were assessed pre- and post-study. In both genders, serum 25(OH) D3 increased significantly ( P < 0.001). This increase was accompanied by significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) (% of change: −7% in vitamin D vs. + 0.4% in placebo, P = 0.04) and LDL-C (%of change: −9.6% in vitamin D vs. −4% in placebo, P = 0.006) in women. However, in men, vitamin D supplementation increased the levels of serum TC (% of change: +9.2% in vitamin D vs. −10% in placebo, P = 0.02) with no significant effects on LDL-C. Moreover, vitamin D significantly reduced serum hs-CRP in women. The median daily calcium intake in both genders was well below the dietary reference intake for adults. In conclusion, improved vitamin D status might decrease serum TC and LDL-C levels as well as hs-CRP in women with NAFLD. However, it might increase serum TC in men who have low daily calcium intake. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Internet and democracy in Morocco: A force for change and an instrument for repression
Authors: Zaid Bouziane
Published: January 2016

The article explores the extent to which the future of democracy in Morocco is healthier with the Internet as the primary means by which people create a public sphere where they communicate and form public opinion. A study on digital media in Morocco was carried out to examine the emergence of new media platforms and the impact of digitization on democracy and journalists’ activity. The study relies on in-depth interviews with digital activists and online journalists. The study found that the Internet had created a dynamic and networked public space where lively debates can take place on many issues still considered off-limits to mainstream media. It has also been used as a tool for nascent political movements to organize and mobilize supporters across the country, particularly in the context of the ongoing Arab Spring. Morocco was spared from the draconian measures used in other authoritarian countries and the Internet was relatively free. The February 20 Movement in 2011, the Amina Filali campaign in 2012, the Daniel Gate case in 2013 and the Free Ali Anouzla campaign are all significant moments of victory that relied on social media for political mobilization. However, with the surveillance technology available and its use justified (since the most democratic countries such as the United States and France use it), the state is clamping down on Internet freedom. In the past, the government controlled the online information landscape through a series of restrictive laws that can be manipulated to serve political purposes. Today, activists and journalists identify surveillance as the most dangerous instrument in the hands of the regime. The regime has learned to use the empowering potential of the Internet to serve its own repressive agenda.
Study Abroad: Tourism or education? A multimodal social semiotic analysis of institutional discourses of a promotional website
Authors: Michelson Kristen , Álvarez Valencia José Aldemar
Published: January 2016

The rise in Study Abroad (SA) participation among college students has increased interest among educationalists wondering about the impact of SA on students, particularly when students return home without evidence of deep engagement and understanding of other cultures and people. The purpose of this case study was to locate one potential source of the meanings ascribed to the SA experience, through analysis of multimodal representations on the institutional website of a popular SA program provider. In this study, Kress’ model of multimodal social semiotic (MSS) communication was employed in the analysis of the ensemble of modes of communication (e.g. written language, layout, visual language) on the website, and their role in the production and dissemination of discourses of SA. Findings indicate that discourses of tourism prevail over discourses of education, and the representations enacted on the institutional website are mirrored in the discursive practices of students.
Duality of energy absorption and inertial effects: Optimized structural design for blast loading
Authors: Rutner Marcus P , Wright Joseph P
Published: January 2016

This article provides insights into the dynamic response and protection capacity of sacrificial structures mounted on a structural member and subjected to close standoff blast loading. The three main objectives of this study are: (a) exploration of key parameters governing the failure modes of a structural member protected by a sacrificial structure; (b) quantification of blast resistance and protection capacity of the sacrificial structure and underlying structure; and (c) conducting comparative single-degree-of-freedom system analysis and high-resolution explicit finite element analysis aiming at improving current single-degree-of-freedom analysis approaches. Energy absorption and momentum resistance are identified and quantified as the main contributing mechanisms controlling the dynamic response of structural members subjected to high-speed dynamic loading. The displacement of the structural member in the blast direction, the mass per length of the structural member, and the maximum impulse are found to be parameters governing the nonlinear response. The article also presents a response surface approach which might have value for time-efficient optimized structural member design and prediction of nonlinear structural member response to blast loading. This study includes validation of the numerical data through free-air blast test data from the literature.
Recommendations for Kübler Index standardization
Authors: Warr L.N. , Ferreiro Mählmann R.
Published: January 2016

Following a round-table discussion at the Mid-European Clay Conference in Dresden 2014, new recommendations for illite ‘crystallinity’ Kübler index standardization have been agreed upon. The use of Crystallinity Index standards in the form of rock-fragment samples will be continued, along with the same numerical scale of measurement presented by Warr & Rice (1994). However, in order to be compatible with the original working definition of Kübler's (1967) anchizone, the upper and lower boundary limits of the Crystallinity Index Standard (CIS) scale are adjusted appropriately from 0.25°2θ and 0.42°2θ to 0.32°2θ and 0.52°2θ. This adjustment is based on an inter-laboratory correlation between the laboratories of Basel, Neuchâtel and the CIS scale. The details of this correction are presented in this first note, as discussed at the round-table meeting and will be further substantiated by a correlation program between CIS and former Kübler–Frey–Kisch standards.
Realistic molecular cluster models for exfoliated kaolinite
Authors: Táborosi Attila , Szilagyi Robert K.
Published: January 2016

Molecular cluster models, developed for an exfoliated kaolinite, provide a structural description comparable to that of periodic slab models for a fraction of the computational cost. These models include both the octahedral and the tetrahedral sheets of kaolinite. The first-generation model (G1) contains the inner and outer coordination sphere of the Al- and Si-honeycombs as the preferred sites for adsorption of small organic molecules. Since no experimental information is available to date at the atomic level for exfoliated kaolinite, we carried out a systematic density functional theory evaluation for establishing the most reasonable coordinates of the ions and groups. The results of molecular cluster and periodic calculations were utilized for evaluating semi-empirical Hamiltonians on larger models. Using a PM7 Hamiltonian, the structure of cluster models containing 1 + 6 (second generation) and 1 + 6 + 12 (third generation) Al- and Si-honeycombs which are out of reach for ab initio calculations, were determined. These molecular slab models offer a structural platform for adsorption, intercalation and delamination studies.
Surface structure of organoclays as examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Schampera B. , Solc R. , Woche S.K. , Mikutta R. , Dultz S. , Guggenberger G. , Tunega D.
Published: January 2016

Organoclays are sorbent materials prepared from clays by exchanging inorganic with organic cations. Their properties depend on the loading and conformational structure of the organic cations, but little information is available about the surface structures of organoclays. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are combined to characterize the external interface of an organoclay prepared from hexadecylpyridinium (HDPy+) and bentonite. The XPS survey spectra show well the varying elemental composition of the surface with increasing amount of surfactant, showing a decreasing contribution of clay-derived elements with increasing organic coverage. The high-resolution C 1s XPS spectra depict sensitively the surface arrangement of the surfactant. In combination with MD simulations, the results implied a monolayer coating for low surfactant coverage and a disordered bilayer arrangement at high surfactant uptakes. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that for very high cation uptake a quasi-paraffin-like configuration is also possible. The combination of experimental and modelling methods yielded congruent information on the molecular-scale arrangement of organic cations at the organoclay surfaces and the controlling mechanisms.
Hydro-mechanical properties of Calcigel-polyacrylamide composites
Authors: Haase Hanna , Schanz Tom
Published: January 2016

Calcigel bentonite-polyacrylamide (PAA) composites were investigated for their formation characteristics and their macroscopic hydro-mechanical and microscopic structural properties. The composites prepared were different in terms of the polymer charge, i.e. cationic (PAA+), anionic (PAA−), non-ionic (PAA°) and in terms of the polymer-to-clay ratio. The latter varied according to the individual maximum sorption capacity established from adsorption isotherms. Oedometer and waterretention testswere conducted on composites prepared under initial slurry conditions. The microstructure of the composites was investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). At low stress, distinctly increased void ratios were found for all types of the composites, whereas under highstress conditions only the PAA+-composite prepared at 100% of the maximum sorption capacity showed an increase in void ratio. Analyses by ESEM on this composite indicated structural changes related to the preferential face-to-face aggregation, which help to explain the macroscopic behaviour and also account for the increased hydraulic permeabilities observed.
Outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units for acute manifestation of small-vessel vasculitis: a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Kimmoun Antoine , Baux Elisabeth , Das Vincent , Terzi Nicolas , Talec Patrice , Asfar Pierre , Ehrmann Stephan , Geri Guillaume , Grange Steven , Anguel Nadia , Demoule Alexandre , Moreau Anne Sophie , Azoulay Elie , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Boisramé-Helms Julie , Louis Guillaume , Sonneville Romain , Girerd Nicolas , Ducrocq Nicolas , Agrinier Nelly , Wahl Denis , Puéchal Xavier , Levy Bruno
Published: January 2016

Background

The outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute manifestation of small-vessel vasculitis are poorly reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the mortality rate and prognostic factors of patients admitted to the ICU for acute small-vessel vasculitis.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study was conducted from January 2001 to December 2014 in 20 ICUs in France. Patients were identified from computerized registers of each hospital using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Inclusion criteria were (1) known or highly suspected granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis (respectively, ICD-9 codes M31.3, M30.1, and M31.7), or anti–glomerular basement membrane antibody disease (ICD-9 codes N08.5X-005 or M31.0+); (2) admission to the ICU for the management of an acute manifestation of vasculitis; and (3) administration of a cyclophosphamide pulse in the ICU or within 48 h before admission to the ICU. The primary endpoint was assessment of mortality rate 90 days after admission to the ICU.

Results

Eighty-two patients at 20 centers were included, 94 % of whom had a recent (<6 months) diagnosis of small-vessel vasculitis. Forty-four patients (54 %) had granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The main reasons for admission were respiratory failure (34 %) and pulmonary-renal syndrome (33 %). Mechanical ventilation was required in 51 % of patients, catecholamines in 31 %, and renal replacement therapy in 71 %. Overall mortality at 90 days was 18 % and the mortality in ICU was 16 %. The main causes of death in the ICU were disease flare in 69 % and infection in 31 %. In univariable analysis, relevant factors associated with death in nonsurvivors compared with survivors were Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (median [interquartile range] 51 [38–82] vs. 36 [27–42], p = 0.005), age (67 years [62–74] vs. 58 years [40–68], p < 0.003), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on the day of cyclophosphamide administration (11 [6–12] vs. 6 [3–7], p = 0.0004), and delayed administration of cyclophosphamide (5 days [3–14] vs. 2 days [1–5], p = 0.0053).

Conclusions

Patients admitted to the ICU for management of acute small-vessel vasculitis benefit from early, aggressive intensive care treatment, associated with an 18 % death rate at 90 days.
Metabolic Benefit of Chronic Caloric Restriction and Activation of Hypothalamic AGRP/NPY Neurons in Male Mice Is Independent of Ghrelin
Authors: Rogers Nicole H. , Walsh Heidi , Alvarez-Garcia Oscar , Park Seongjoon , Gaylinn Bruce , Thorner Michael O. , Smith Roy G.
Published: January 2016

Aging is associated with attenuated ghrelin signaling. During aging, chronic caloric restriction (CR) produces health benefits accompanied by enhanced ghrelin production. Ghrelin receptor (GH secretagogue receptor 1a) agonists administered to aging rodents and humans restore the young adult phenotype; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the metabolic benefits of CR are mediated by endogenous ghrelin. Three month-old male mice lacking ghrelin (Ghrelin−/−) or ghrelin receptor (Ghsr−/−), and their wild-type (WT) littermates were randomly assigned to 2 groups: ad libitum (AL) fed and CR, where 40% food restriction was introduced gradually to allow Ghrelin−/− and Ghsr−/− mice to metabolically adapt and avoid severe hypoglycemia. Twelve months later, plasma ghrelin, metabolic parameters, ambulatory activity, hypothalamic and liver gene expression, as well as body composition were measured. CR increased plasma ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations in WT and Ghsr−/− mice. CR of WT, Ghsr−/−, and Ghrelin−/− mice markedly improved metabolic flexibility, enhanced ambulatory activity, and reduced adiposity. Inactivation of Ghrelin or Ghsr had no effect on AL food intake or food anticipatory behavior. In contrast to the widely held belief that endogenous ghrelin regulates food intake, CR increased expression of hypothalamic Agrp and Npy, with reduced expression of Pomc across genotypes. In the AL context, ablation of ghrelin signaling markedly inhibited liver steatosis, which correlated with reduced Pparγ expression and enhanced Irs2 expression. Although CR and administration of GH secretagogue receptor 1a agonists both benefit the aging phenotype, we conclude the benefits of chronic CR are a consequence of enhanced metabolic flexibility independent of endogenous ghrelin or des-acyl ghrelin signaling.
Gata2 Is a Rheostat for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate in Male Mice
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Huynh HoangDinh , Zuo Hao , Salminen Marjo , Wan Yihong
Published: January 2016

Gata2 is a zinc finger transcription factor that is important in hematopoiesis and neuronal development. However, the roles of Gata2 in the mesenchymal lineages are poorly understood. In vitro studies suggest that Gata2 modulates adipocyte differentiation and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation. To systematically determine the in vivo functions of Gata2 in the MSC lineage commitment and development, we have generated three mouse models in which Gata2 is specifically deleted in MSCs, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. During the MSC expansion stage, Gata2 promotes proliferation and attenuates differentiation; thereby Gata2 loss in MSCs results in enhanced differentiation of both adipocytes and osteoblasts. During the differentiation stage, Gata2 also plays MSC-independent roles to impede lineage commitment; hence, Gata2 loss in adipocyte or osteoblast lineages also augments adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, respectively. These findings reveal Gata2 as a crucial rheostat of MSC fate to control osteoblast and adipocyte lineage development.
A novel targeted Lunatic fringe allele predicted to reduce protein secretion is dominant and disrupts somitogenesis
Authors: Williams Dustin R. , Shifley Emily T. , Braunreiter Kara M. , Cole Susan E.
Published: January 2016

Vertebrate somitogenesis is regulated by a segmentation clock. Clock-linked genes exhibit cyclic expression, with a periodicity matching the rate of somite production. In mice, Lunatic fringe (Lfng) expression oscillates, and LFNG protein contributes to periodic repression of Notch signaling. We hypothesized that rapid LFNG turnover could be regulated by protein processing and secretion. Here we describe a novel Lfng allele (Rlfng) replacing the N-terminal sequences of LFNG, which allow for protein processing and secretion, with the N-terminus of Radical fringe (a Golgi resident protein). This allele is predicted to prevent protein secretion without altering the activity of LFNG, thus increasing the intracellular half-life of the protein. This allele causes dominant skeletal and somite abnormalities that are distinct from those seen in loss-of-function Lfng embryos. Expression of clock-linked genes is perturbed and mature Hes7 transcripts are stabilized in the PSMs of mutant mice, suggesting that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of clock components are perturbed by RLFNG expression. Contrasting phenotypes in the segmentation clock and somite patterning of mutant mice suggest that LFNG protein may have context-dependent effects on Notch activity.
A gradient of maternal Bicaudal-C controls vertebrate embryogenesis via translational repression of mRNAs encoding cell fate regulators
Authors: Park S. , Blaser S. , Marchal M. A. , Houston D. W. , Sheets M. D.
Published: January 2016

Vertebrate Bicaudal-C (Bicc1) has important biological roles in the formation and homeostasis of multiple organs, but direct experiments to address the role of maternal Bicc1 in early vertebrate embryogenesis have not been reported. Here we use antisense phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides and the host-transfer technique to specifically eliminate both maternal stores of bicc1 mRNA and Bicc1 protein from Xenopus laevis eggs. Fertilization of these Bicc1-depleted eggs produced embryos with an excess of dorsal-anterior structures and over-expressed organizer-specific genes indicating that maternal Bicc1 is critical for normal embryonic patterning of the vertebrate embryo. Bicc1 is an RNA binding protein with robust translational repression function. Here we show that the maternal mRNA encoding the cell-fate regulatory protein Wnt11b is a direct target of Bicc1-mediated repression. It is well established that the Wnt signaling pathway is critical to vertebrate embryogenesis. Thus the work presented here links Bicc1's molecular function in mRNA target-specific translation repression to its biological role in the maternally controlled stages of vertebrate embryogenesis.
Sequence co-evolutionary information is a natural partner to minimally-frustrated models of biomolecular dynamics
Authors: Noel Jeffrey K , Morcos Faruck , Onuchic Jose N
Published: January 2016

Experimentally derived structural constraints have been crucial to the implementation of computational models of biomolecular dynamics. For example, not only does crystallography provide essential starting points for molecular simulations but also high-resolution structures permit for parameterization of simplified models. Since the energy landscapes for proteins and other biomolecules have been shown to be minimally frustrated and therefore funneled, these structure-based models have played a major role in understanding the mechanisms governing folding and many functions of these systems. Structural information, however, may be limited in many interesting cases. Recently, the statistical analysis of residue co-evolution in families of protein sequences has provided a complementary method of discovering residue-residue contact interactions involved in functional configurations. These functional configurations are often transient and difficult to capture experimentally. Thus, co-evolutionary information can be merged with that available for experimentally characterized low free-energy structures, in order to more fully capture the true underlying biomolecular energy landscape.
Reconstrucción histórica de la producción de cecina de equino de Villarramiel (Palencia): camino hacia la calidad
Authors: Fernández Portela Julio
Published: January 2016

La apuesta por la calidad en los productos agroalimentarios de Castilla y León ha sido una medida constante en las últimas décadas como un elemento diferenciador de sus productos. La proliferación de figuras de calidad ha sido muy elevada abarcando diferentes productos como las carnes, vinos, frutas, legumbres, etc. en las diversas provincias de la región. Esto a su vez, ha constituido un impulso en la economía de las áreas rurales con la aparición de nuevas actividades económicas. El presente artículo tiene como finalidad realizar una reconstrucción temporal de la historia de la cecina de equino en la localidad palentina de Villarramiel. En él se pretende demostrar la importancia que este producto ha tenido en la economía de este municipio a lo largo del siglo XX, con especial incidencia a partir de los años cincuenta.
DELGADO VIÑAS, C. y PLAZA GUTIÉRREZ, J.I. (eds.) (2012): Territorio y paisaje en las montañas españolas. Estructuras y dinámicas espaciales. Santander, Editorial Estudio, 249 pp.
Authors: Hernández Hernández María
Published: January 2016

Coordinada por Carmen Delgado Viñas y Juan Ignacio Plaza Gutiérrez, la monografía Territorio y paisaje en las montañas españolas es una obra conjunta elaborada por los profesores Bachiller Martínez, Delgado Viñas, Fernández Álvarez, Fernández García, Galdós Urrutia, Hortelano Mínguez, Martín Jiménez, Martínez Fernández, Maya Frades, Maceda Rubio, Plaza Gutiérrez, Porcal Gonzalo, Ruiz Urrestarazu, San Román Rodríguez y Sánchez Muñoz. Todos ellos con una vasta trayectoria de investigación en los espacios de montaña. Adscritos a las Universidades de Cantabria, León, Oviedo, País Vasco, Salamanca y Valladolid, configuran uno de de los grupos interuniversitarios con más tradición en la Geografía española sobre esta temática.
Geology and taphonomy of the base of the Taquaral Member, Irati Formation (Permian, Paraná Basin), Brazil
Authors: Chahud Artur , Petri Setembrino
Published: January 2016

The taphonomy of Early Permian vertebrates from a sandy facies at the base of the Taquaral Member, Irati Formation, was surveyed in order to acquire data for the interpretation of the sedimentary processes and paleoenvironment of deposition. Six outcrops from the Rio Claro municipality and surrounding areas, from the Brazilian State of São Paulo, were investigated. The vertebrate groups are Chondrichthyes (Xenacanthiformes, Ctenacanthiformes and Petalodontiformes), Osteichthyes (Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii) and Tetrapodomorpha. They occur as loose teeth, scales, spines and bone remains. The sandy facies is characterized by fining upward deposition. The coarser sandstone immediately above the underlying Tatuí Formation is rich in Chondrichthyes. However, the fine sandstone above, immediately beneath the silty shale facies, is devoid of Chondrichthyes, though Osteichthyes scales, teeth and bones were present. The taphonomy is important for inferring sedimentary processes and then the paleoenvironments. The poor sorting of the sandstone and the presence of fossils that are mostly abraded or worn are indicative of a high energy environment. In contrast, the presence of fossils in a good state of preservation, some without abrasion and breakages are indicative of only limited transport. Differences of fossil spatial density, numbers of specimens and taxa may be explained by the dynamics of deposition, from details of the palaeoenvironment can be obtained.
Effect of Starch on Sintering Behavior for Fabricating Porous Cordierite Ceramic
Authors: Li Ye , Cao Wei , Gong Lunlun , Zhang Ruifang , Cheng Xudong
Published: January 2016

Porous cordierite ceramics were prepared with starch as pore-forming agent by solid-state method. The green bodies were sintered at 1,100–1,400 °C for 2 h. The characterization was focused on thermal analysis, phase evolution, sintering behavior, porosity and micro-structural changes. The results show that cordierite becomes the main crystallization phase at 1,200 °C. The shrinkage behavior shows the most obvious dependence on the sintering temperature and starch content, and it can be divided into three stages. Moreover, the open porosity increases with the increase of starch content, but the pore-forming effectivity decreases. Nevertheless, compared with the open porosity curves, the bulk density curves are more in line with the linear rule. The microphotographs show the densification process with the sintering temperature and the variation of pore connectivity with the starch content.
Grain Size Effect on Fracture Behavior of the Axis-Tensile Test of Inconel 718 Sheet
Authors: Liu B.B. , Han J.Q , Zhao R. , Liu W. , Wan M.
Published: January 2016

Change in mechanical parts from macro-size to micro-size has become a trend in the metal- and alloy-forming process, with an increasing demand on micro-parts in the last decades. The material mechanical behaviors of micro-size parts are quite different from the conventional ones of macro-size parts due to size effect. It is necessary to further investigate the effects of grain size on material mechanisms in micro-scales, especially fracture behaviors. The fracture behaviors of Inconel 718 sheet with the thickness of 300 μm are studied by uniaxial tensile tests in different grain sizes ranging from 18 to 130 μm. The results show that fracture stress and strain decrease with the increase of grain size. A critical value in the specimen thickness (t) to grain size (d) ratio divides the strength levels into separate stages on the basis of an increase of the inverse of grain size. In addition, the grain size-dependent fracture morphology is changed in the number of dimples and micro-voids decreasing on the fracture surfaces and the sizes of micro-voids changing larger with the increase of grain size.
Crystalline Quality and Structure of MBE-Grown Ferromagnetic Semiconductor ZnSnAs2:Mn Thin Films Revealed by High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction Measurements
Authors: Uchitomi Naotaka , Toyota Hideyuki , Takahashi Toshio
Published: January 2016

The crystalline structure and quality of ZnSnAs2:Mn films grown by
molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on InP substrates are two of the most important issues in
preparing spintronic structures such as magnetic quantum wells and spin-based
transistors. We conducted high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to clarify
the crystalline structure of ZnSnAs2:Mn thin films. The XRD
measurements reveal with very high accuracy that the samples have a sphalerite structure
with high epitaxial quality. These results, within the limits of measurement accuracy
support the previous assumption that ZnSnAs2:Mn thin films are
coherently clustered ferromagnetic semiconductors without breaking the continuity of the
sphalerite structure, leading to ferromagnetism with a high Curie temperature close to that
of zincblende MnAs.
An Efficient Unrestricted PCM-Elongation Method for Large High-Spin Polymer/Dendrimer Systems
Authors: Zhu Xun , Orimoto Yuuichi , Aoki Yuriko
Published: January 2016

The application of conventional ab initio methods to large
high-spin systems remains challenging because CPU time rapidly
increases with the system size. The unrestricted elongation method
performs stepwise electronic structure calculations for large
high-spin systems and can reproduce the results of conventional
methods, i.e., achieve a very small total energy error
(∼ 10
–9 a.u. per atom). Moreover, a polarizable
continuum model (PCM) method is incorporated for the estimation of
solvent effect and it is demonstrated that the unrestricted
PCM-elongation method is accurate and efficient for performing
electronic structure  calculations of large high-spin systems
under solvent.
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Mitochondrial Function in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zakirov Rustam Shakirovich , Sorokina Elena Gennad'evana , Karaseva Ol'ga Vital'evna , Semenova Zhanna Borisovna , Petrichuk Svetlana Valentinovna , Roshal' Leonid Mikhaylovich , Pinelis Vsevolod Grigor'evich
Published: January 2016

Backgraund: It is known that mitochondria play an important role in the mechanisms of brain cells damage and death following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between the severity of brain damage following TBI and mitochondrial dysfunction are not well defined. Aim: to study activities of NADN- and succinate dehydrogenases, a key enzyme of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in children with TBI of varying severity and different outcomes; to detect ATP content in lymphocytes; the level of NOx and 3-nitrotyrosine in serum and plasma. Methods: all parameters were determined in the dynamics of one month following TBI, and in some cases up to the death of patients. The severity of TBI was scored by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the outcome of TBI — Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Based on the clinical examination children with TBI were divided into 3 groups: (1) mild TBI; (2) severe TBI and (3) severe TBI with fatal outcome. Results: we found that activity of dehydrogenases is significantly reduced only in patients with the poor neurologic outcome. The greatest decrease in these parameters was observed in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and fatal outcome. A direct correlation was found between the indices of dehydrogenases activity and ATP content in lymphocytes (r =0.97, p =0.005). The levels of NOx metabolites and 3-nitrotyrosine were significantly increased in children with severe TBI. Conclusion: obtained results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress contribute to cell death in the brain and thus represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of TBI.
Inference of Personal Sensors in the Internet of Things
Authors: Kang James Jin Won , Larkin Henry
Published: January 2016

Smartphone technology has become more popular and innovative over the last few years, and technology companies are now introducing wearable devices into the market. By emerging and converging with technologies such as Cloud, Internet of Things (IoT) and Virtualization, requirements to personal sensor devices are immense and essential to support existing networks, e.g. mobile health (mHealth) as well as IoT users. Traditional physiological and biological medical sensors in mHealth provide health data either periodically or on-demand. Both of these situations can cause rapid battery consumption, consume significant bandwidth, and raise privacy issues, because these sensors do not consider or understand sensor status when converged together. The aim of this research is to provide a novel approach and solution to managing and controlling personal sensors that can be used in various areas such as the health, military, aged care, IoT and sport. This paper presents an inference system to transfer health data collected by personal sensors efficiently and effectively to other networks in a secure and effective manner without burdening workload on sensor devices.
Reseña del libro: Puebla de los Ángeles en tiempos de una peste colonial : una mirada en torno al matlazáhualt de 1737, Cuenya Mateos, Miguel Ángel
Authors: Pardo Hernández Claudia Patricia
Published: January 2016

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Las resistencias de los subalternos en la historiografía del Caribe
Authors: San Miguel Pedro L.
Published: January 2016

Este artículo forma parte de un trabajo más amplio en el que se discuten los grandes ejes temáticos o " metarrelatos" de la historiogra­fía del Caribe. De esos grandes relatos, el tema de las resistencias de los subalternos ocupa actualmente un lugar pre eminente en la historiografía caribeña . Este ensayo exa­mina la evolución del mismo, destacando cómo las transformaciones políticas, sociales y culturales de los paises del Caribe han con­tribuído a convertirlo en un aspecto central de su historiografía
Modernidad y servicios públicos en la conformación del espacio urbano del siglo XIX
Authors: Ribera Carbó Eulalia
Published: January 2016

El caso concreto de la ciudad de Orizaba se inserta en una reflexión general sobre cómo la innovación, la disrribución y la organiza­ción administrativa de los servicios públicos y sus infraestructuras reflejan y determinan a la vez formas y funcionamientos de las ciu­dades que se transforman en el siglo XIX
Reseña del libro: El hombre culpable : la locura y la falta en Occidente, Pewzner, Evelyne
Authors: Bieñko de Peralta Doris
Published: January 2016

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La Reforma Monetaria de 1905: un estudio de las condiciones internacionales que contribuyeron a la adopción del patrón oro en México
Authors: Musacchio F. Aldo
Published: January 2016

Contribuye al debate alrededor de la adopción del patrón oro en México en 1905. Se analizan las diferentes opciones en el contexto de la situación nacional e internacional. El trabajo inicia con una evaluación de la importancia de la plata para la economía mexicana, para después estudiar las opciones diplomáticas y políticas y los esfuerzos del gobierno mexicano por desarrollar un cartel internacional con el fin de controlar el precio de la plata, al iniciar el siglo XX. Finalmente, se presentan nuevas evidencias que comprueban que la decisión de cambiar al patrón oro se tomó antes de que fuera creada la Comisión Monetaria Mexicana en 1903. De esta manera se arguye que el papel de esta comisión ni era el de decidir el cambio, sino el de diseñar el mejor camino para instrumentar un régimen basado en el patrón oro.
Entrevista a Jean Meyer
Authors: Salmerón Alicia , Speckman Elisa
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: Entre el infierno de una realidad y el cielo de un imaginario. Estadística y comunidad científica en el México de la primera mitad del siglo XIX, Mayer Celis, Leticia
Authors: Pardo Hernández Claudia Patricia
Published: January 2016

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Las corrientes y las voces de los protagonistas del movimiento estudiantil 1999-2000
Authors: Díaz Escoto Alma Silvia
Published: January 2016

Utilizando la metodología y los recursos de la historia oral se presenta una semblanza, desde una perspectiva histórica, de la influencia que tuvieron las distintas tendencias políticas, deno­minadas corrientes, como espacios de debate y acción en la conducción del Movimiento Estu­diantil 1999-­2000 de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Soberanía, nación y pueblo en la Constitución de 1812
Authors: Chust Manuel , Frasquet Ivana
Published: January 2016

Las Cortes de Cádiz van a tener desde el primer día de sus sesiones, el 24 de septiembre de 1810, un objetivo principal, consustancial con cualquier revolución liberal: la elaboración de una Constitución liberal. Estas Cortes tendrán una composición singular, pues van a reunir a los representantes de “todos los territorios de la monarquía,” lo cual provocó que las propuestas revolucionarias liberales se conjugaran con los diversos intereses territoriales que representaban las realidades americana y peninsular.

Esta problemática se evidenció, notoriamente, en la discusión parlamentaria de los tres primeros y trascendentales artículos constitucionales, que establecieron las bases teóricas y conceptuales del nuevo Estado-nación hispano.

Estos debates y propuestas supusieron para el primer liberalismo, tanto peninsular como americano, la reafirmación de una Soberanía Nacional frente a la Real, la construcción jurídica de la Nación hispana, esto es, la igualdad de derechos políticos de los territorios peninsulares y los americanos, y la preeminencia de la representación nacional frente a la antigua representación monárquica.

 

 

 

 
Corporativismo vs. liberalismo en los Estados Unidos del New Deal: el National Industrial Recovery Act
Authors: Ortega Riquelme Juan Manuel
Published: January 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo del National Industrial Recovery Act (1933-1935) como una iniciativa del Presidente norteamericano F. D. Roosevelt para fundar un arreglo político de corte tripartita entre gobierno, empresarios y trabajadores y hacer frente a la crisis económica de los años treinta en los Estados Unidos.  El trabajo analiza el impacto que factores como: 1) el desarrollo del aparato administrativo norteamericano, 2) el papel de la política electoral y las ideas económicas, 3) el poder de los empresarios  y, 4) la organización de los trabajadores, tuvieron frente al fracaso de los objetivos del NIRA y la declaración de inconstitucionalidad por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de lo que fue el intento de política pública más ambicioso del New Deal.

 

 
Reseña del libro: Viajeros y Caribe, UNAM
Authors: Flores Padilla María Magdalena
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: La vida política en la Argentina del siglo XIX. Armas, votos y voces, Sabato, Hilda ; Lettieri, Alberto comps.
Authors: Yankelevich Pablo
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: Historia documental de Venezuela, López Portillo Tostado, Felícitas
Authors: Mendoza Hernández Susana
Published: January 2016

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La construcción de una agrociudad en el noroeste de México. Ciudad Obregón (1925-1960)
Authors: Cerutti Mario
Published: January 2016

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La conformación del noreste histórico mexicano: larga duración, identidad y geopolítica
Authors: Ceballos Ramírez Manuel
Published: January 2016

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Las dos Fridas : historia e identidades transculturales
Authors: Bartra Eli , Mraz John
Published: January 2016

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El difícil tránsito de ‘hechiza’ a ‘hechicera’: construcción de la subjetividad entre sexoservidores transgénero de Xalapa, Veracruz
Authors: Córdova Plaza Rosío
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: Los judíos y Alemania. Ensayos sobre la simbiosis judíoíalemana, Traversa, Enzo
Authors: Rabinovich Silvana
Published: January 2016

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