bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Biotronic® Top Liquid Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Authors: Bhujel Ram Chandra , Perera Anusha Dilhani , Tacconi Antonia , Gonçalves Rui Alexandre
Published: May 2022

The present trial was conducted to evaluate whether Biotronic® Top Liquid (BTL) supplementation would benefit during the nursing of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry in terms of survival, growth, and disease resistance. Isonitrogenous (22.9±0.2% CP) diets were prepared by supplementing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 to 2.5 L/ton of BTL diet i.e. T1 to T6, respectively. Each of the 18 aquaria (100 L) was stocked with 45 fish (16.17±0.40g, Mean±SE) having three replicates per treatment. During the trial, fish biomass increased linearly with the increase in BTL dose i.e. 230g (10.3%) of fish biomass/L of BTL. Results showed that higher dose of BTL/ton of feed resulted in to increase growth rate, with an indication of improved growth beyond the tested level i.e. >2.5 L/ton. Bacterial challenge test using Aeromonas hydrophila showed that the highest BTL dose could maintain average fish survival rate above 65%, which was 25% higher than that of control. Average survival improved linearly i.e. (y)=8.857x+40.317 (R²=0.64) with a nearly 9% increase in survival per liter of BTL supplementation. BTL improved SGR, DWG, and PER by 3.4, 1.6 and 2.1 times, respectively as compared to the control when the fish were challenged by bacteria. Therefore, the dose of 2.5 L/ton of feed is recommended based on the present study.
Mowa Aderat nuper Eneasza Sylwiusza Piccolominiego z 1445 roku
Authors: Czerenkiewicz Michał
Published: May 2022

The Oration Aderat nuper (1445) by Enea Silvio Piccolomini

The article consists of two parts: the introduction and a collective translation of an address delivered by Enea Silvio Piccolomini on 25 November 1445 in Vienna, and published subsequently. Currently referred to as Quodlibet Viennense, Aderat nuper oration or Piccolomini’s letter 104, the speech follows the convention of a free dispute (de quolibet). Its content and circumstances of the oration have been dealt with by Alphons Lhotsky, Guido Kisch, Michael Cotta-Schonberg and Juliusz Domański in their texts devoted to Piccolomini. The author refers to these works, focusing especially on the latest edition of Cotta-Schonberg (made public on the Internet) and Domański’s findings, as well as makes references to the 15th century incunabula items.

The introduction presents the circumstances of Piccolomini’s stay at the Vienna court of Frederick III in the 1440s. It also discusses texts in which Piccolomini shared his views on poetry, and goes on to characterise the structure of the de quolibet dispute in comparison to the speech under scrutiny, which reveals several differences between a typical quodlibet and Piccolomini’s text. Additionally, the question is raised about the presence and role of a third person involved in the process of writing down a spoken text, which is today known from print mainly.

The topics touched upon by Piccolomini’s address are also discussed. The orator replies to three questions that he has been asked, the most important of which is the second one, as evidenced by the space devoted to it. The three questions oscillate around i) ethical issues, i.e. alleged equipollence of knowledge on ethics (scientia moralis) with prudence (prudentia), ii) insufficient, but according to Piccolomini necessary presence of poets in social life and defence of poetry against accusations of immorality, and iii) high prices of such writing materials as paper and parchment. The translated text was created collectively during a Neo-Latin studies seminar carried out by Professor Juliusz Domański in the Institute of Classical Studies at the University of Warsaw in the academic cycles 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Professor Domański has made a handwritten transcription of one of the manuscript versions of this oration, which was then read by the courses’attendees.
MARKETING RESEARCH OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Mazur Kateryna , Babyna Olha , Babyn Ihor , Germaniuk Natalia , Нarbar Zhanna , Нarbar Victor , Hontaruk Yaroslav , Bondarenko Valeriy , Krasnyak Olena , Kubai O. , Kvaterniuk Anna , Lohosha Roman
Published: May 2022

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The content and reliability of the articles are the responsibility of the authors. When using and borrowing materials reference to the publication is required. The collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
Tinin Felaketleri: Hegel ve Antroposen/Kapitalosen Tartışmaları
Authors: ESGÜN Toros Güneş
Published: May 2022

İnsan etkinliğinin yerküre üzerinde ayak basmadığı ve tahrip etmediği hiçbir bölgenin kalmadığı, bilim insanlarınca antroposen, (insan çağı) olarak adlandırılan yeni jeolojik çağda, doğal felaketler de tarihin hiçbir döneminde görülmediği kadar toplumsal yaşamı belirlerken, insanın doğa ile ilişkisini, onun karşısındaki kudretini de kırılganlığını da yeniden tartışmalı hale getirdi. Dünyanın sonunun gelme olasılığının sıkça ile getirildiği bu dönemde Hegel’in felsefesi, “tarihin sonu” düşüncesi ve doğa-tin ilişkisi bakımından sıkça ele alındı. Peki Hegel’in sona dair fikirlerini antroposen kavramsallaştırması ile birlikte düşünebilir miyiz? Hegel’de “ikinci doğa”yı ilerleten mücadele alanı olarak politika, tarihin sonundan sonra “birinci doğa” ile nasıl ilişkilenebilir? Hegel’in düşüncesi çağımıza dair adlandırma tartışmalarına nasıl bir yanıt sunabilir? Bu sorular çerçevesinde çalışmada Hegel’in doğa ve tin arasında kurduğu ilişki Jena dönemi yazılarından son dönem eserlerine kadar takip edilerek antroposen üzerinden tartışılacak, aynı zamanda antroposen adlandırmasına yönelik eleştirilerden doğan kapitalosen kavramsallaştırması Hegel ile düşünülmeye çalışılacaktır. Problem bağlamında Kojève ve Žižek’in Hegel yorumları, anti-diyalektik ve diyalektik hat olmak üzere iki ayrı hatta ayrılarak birbirleriyle tartışmaya sokulacak, böylelikle felaketleri mesele eden yeni bir politikanın Hegel’den ilham alabilecek teorik temellerine dair kimi savlar dile getirilecektir.
Economic Growth and Government Expenditure in ASEAN Countries: A Threshold Approach
Authors:   Faculty of Finance – Banking, University of Finance – Marketing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Hoa Thi
Published: May 2022

This study examines the effect of government spending on the economic growth of ASEAN countries between 2000 and 2020, using estimates for panel data. The results show that government spending responds positively to the economic growth of ASEAN countries. Intriguingly, this study finds a threshold level for government spending that reduces economic growth if governments let it exceeds 26.82 percent of GDP. Therefore, this study recommends that ASEAN governments need to pursue targeted and rational spending policies.
Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Consumer Behavior and Business Performance of Health and Fitness Center in Kuwait, UAE
Authors:   University of Perpetual Help System Laguna, Philippines, Rosete Lino
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the quality of service of the health and fitness center as assessed by the clients in terms of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles; the clients’ level of customers satisfaction on the services of the health and fitness center; the clients’ consumer behavior towards the services of the health and fitness center; and the business performance of the health and fitness center in terms of customer loyalty and customer retention rate. Further, it probed the relationship between the quality of service and clients’ level of customer satisfaction on the health and fitness center’s services; between the clients’ level of customer satisfaction and consumer behavior towards the health and fitness center’s services; and between the quality of service and business performance of the health and fitness center. It also ascertained whether service quality, level of customer satisfaction and level of consumer behavior could predict the business performance of the health and fitness center. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational research design, which involved 300 randomly selected clients of the Oxygen Gym Health and Fitness Center, in Kuwait, UAE. Findings revealed that the respondent-clients ‘strongly agree’ with an overall average of 3.48 to the quality of service of the health and fitness center, the Oxygen Gym, as to its services. The respondent-clients’ level of satisfaction on the services of health and fitness center was ‘very high’ with an overall weighted mean of 3.51. The respondent-clients ‘strongly agree’ with an average weighted mean of 3.50 to all the indicators of customer behavior, such as psychological, personal, social and cultural factors, towards the services of the health and fitness center. Results also revealed that the degree of customer loyalty as a qualitative measure of the Oxygen Gym’s business performance was very high. Results also shown that there was a significant relationship between level of customer satisfaction and consumer behavior towards the health and fitness center’s services
Contaminant Crossover in Residential Energy Recovery Ventilators: Mass Spectrometric Analysis and Introducing Remediation Measures
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA, Cao Siyua
Published: May 2022

Energy recovery ventilators (ERV) are increasingly present in residential environments to enable energy-efficient provision of controlled outdoor air ventilation. In this work, we investigated pollutant transport through a typical residential ERV as a potential pathway for re-entrainment of indoor air pollutants into the outdoor ventilation air supplied to an indoor space. Specifically, we investigated the transfer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through the sandwiched membrane matrix of the ERV core, between two adjacent air streams. Pollutant transfer efficiency is calculated for experiments intentionally injecting two common indoor VOCs (acetone, isopropanol (IPA)) and the behavior of transfer is studied for different ERV exhaust and supply flowrates (supply, exhaust, balanced scenarios). Maximum pollutant transfer efficiency of 17% is recorded for isopropanol at balanced (equal supply and exhaust airflow rates) conditions at intake and exhaust air lines. Maximum pollutant transfer efficiency of 26% and a minimum of 5.3% for unbalanced CFM settings are obtained. For VOCs studies, we observed short response times of <10s from starting injection of VOCs into indoor exhaust air stream until the concentration at the indoor supply air stream reaches to steady state. This results concluded that, ERVs typically have a lower response time to pollutant re-entrainment.
An Empirical Examination of VIX Market Fluctuations
Authors: Lian Yu-Min , Jhong Yu-Jhih , Wang Po-Hsuan , Chen Wei-Ming
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This study investigates the impacts of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index, the NASDAQ Volatility Index (VXN), the spot prices of gold and silver, and the U.S. Dollar Index (DXY) on the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX). Specifically, the proposed arbitrage pricing theory (APT) model, programmed by Python, performs multi-factor regression analysis that analyzes the degree of impact measured by the beta coefficient of systematic risks on each factor. Our samples include daily transaction data from 2007 to 2018, divided into three periods to assess the VIX’s impact for each sub-period. The three periods are entitled as the “Global Financial Crisis Period” (2007–2009), the “European Debt Crisis Period” (2010–2012), and the “Follow-up Period” (2013–2018). Empirical results show that the major factors are the S&P 500 index and the VXN, with the DXY being a minor factor. Moreover, both gold and silver spot prices have a significant impact on the VIX.

Keywords: VIX, Global financial crisis, European debt crisis, Systematic risk, Arbitrage pricing theory, Multi-factor regression model, Schwarz's inequality, Triangle inequality.
O problema das fake news e a crise da democracia liberal na era da pós-verdade
Authors: Vianna Lucas Oliveira , Mendonça Matheus Thiago Carvalho
Published: May 2022

Resumo
A fragmentação narrativa que caracteriza a Pós-Modernidade é nascedouro do fenômeno epistemológico da pós-verdade, no qual importa menos a veracidade objetiva da informação e mais o seu alinhamento às pretensões ideológicas do leitor. Esse cenário, aliado à capacidade inédita de transmissão de notícias das novas tecnologias, propicia o surgimento e a rápida disseminação de conteúdos falsos. É sobre essa problemática que o presente artigo se debruça, analisando seus efeitos deletérios nos processos político-eleitorais, que podem ser sinalizadores de uma crise do paradigma de democracia liberal. Por outro lado, observam-se também as limitações da eficácia das medidas regulatórias estatais. Ao fim, discute-se a viabilidade do conceito de literacia digital como uma ferramenta útil à mitigação do problema que não afeta a liberdade de expressão na esfera discursiva.

Palavras-chave: fake news; pós-verdade; literacia digital.

Abstract
The narrative fragmentation that characterizes Postmodernity is the birthplace of the epistemological phenomenon of post-truth, in which the objective truthfulness of the information matters less than its alignment with the reader's ideological pretensions. This scenario, combined with the unprecedented ability of new technologies to convey news, allows for the emergence and quick spread of false content. It is on this issue that this article focuses, analyzing its deleterious effects on the political-electoral processes, which may signal a crisis in the liberal democracy paradigm. On the other hand, there are also limitations to the effectiveness of state regulatory measures. Finally, the feasibility of the concept of digital literacy is discussed\ as a useful tool for mitigating the problem that does not affect freedom of expression in the discursive sphere.

Keywords: fake news; post-truth; digital literacy.

Resumen
La fragmentación narrativa que caracteriza a la Posmodernidad es el lugar de nacimiento del fenómeno epistemológico de la posverdad, en el que la veracidad objetiva de la información importa menos que su alineación con las pretensiones ideológicas del lector. Este escenario, impulsado por la capacidad sin precedentes de las nuevas tecnologías de transmitir noticias, permite la aparición y rápida diseminación de noticias falsas. Es en este tema que se centra este artículo, que analiza sus efectos deletéreos sobre los procesos político-electorales, lo que puede señalar una crisis en el paradigma de la democracia liberal. Por otro lado, también existen limitaciones en la efectividad de las medidas regulatorias estatales. Finalmente, se discute la viabilidad del concepto de alfabetización digital como una herramienta útil para mitigar el problema que no afecta la libertad de expresión en el ámbito discursivo.

Palabras clave: fake news; posverdad; literacía digital.
Sonoridades pulsantes: aspectos semiológicos do filme O farol
Authors: Azevedo Filipe Jhonata Schettini
Published: May 2022

Resumo
Este trabalho analisa no filme O farol (The lighthouse, 2019), de Robert Eggers, as possibilidades no entrelace entre duas faixas do áudio: a da música e a do efeito sonoro. As análises buscam entender a influência desses itens na narrativa, seus impactos no público e como elas criam uma experiência imersiva, com simbolismos e significados próprios. Para nortear tais análises, foram usados conceitos e autores da semiologia, além de outras áreas pertinentes. Foram evidenciadas, em passagens do filme, ilustrações e aplicações dos conceitos abordados, que promovem a comprovação das informações relatadas. É importante salientar que a trilha de áudio não apenas pode ser um dos elementos que constituem uma obra audiovisual, como também pode ter um papel de protagonismo, criando (res)significações para a imagem e a narrativa.

Palavras-chave: cinema; música; efeitos sonoros; semiologia.

Abstract
This work analyzes in the film The lighthouse (2019), by Robert Eggers, the possibilities in the intertwining between two audio tracks: the music and the sound effect. The analyzes seek to understand the influence of these items on the narrative, their impact on the audience, and how they create an immersive experience, with their own symbolisms and meanings. To guide such analyzes, semiology concepts and authors will be used, in addition to other relevant areas. In passages of the film, illustrations and applications of the concepts covered will be evidenced, which promote the confirmation of the reported information. It is important to note that the audio track can not only be one of the elements that constitute an audiovisual work, but can also play a leading role, creating (re)meanings for the image and the narrative.

Keywords: cinema; music; sound effects; semiology.

Resumen
Este trabajo analiza en la película El faro (The lighthouse, 2019), de Robert Eggers, las posibilidades en el entrelazamiento entre dos pistas de audio: la música y el efecto sonoro. Los análisis buscan comprender la influencia de estos elementos en la narrativa, su impacto en la audiencia y cómo crean una experiencia inmersiva, con sus propios simbolismos y significados. Para orientar dichos análisis se utilizarán conceptos y autores de semiología, además de otras áreas relevantes. En pasajes de la película se evidenciarán ilustraciones y aplicaciones de los conceptos abordados, que promueven la confirmación de la información reportada. Es importante señalar que la pista de audio no solo puede ser uno de los elementos que constituyen una obra audiovisual, sino que también puede jugar un papel protagónico, creando (re) significados para la imagen y la narrativa.

Palabras clave: cine; música; efectos sonoros; semiología.
Taking a ride on the linguistic “trem”: a personal narrative
Authors: Silva Iury Aragonez da
Published: May 2022

Prosa
Value Chain Analysis of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines
Authors:   Bicol Unversity, Amano Viola L. , Mojados Julieta V.
Published: May 2022

Sorsogon Bay is home to the pen shell (Atrina pectinata), locally known as Baloko. This study was designed to assess the existing value chains of pen shell and identify areas for improvement. The sites covered were the municipalities along Sorsogon Bay in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. It employed the tracer methodology where only the processors and fisherfolks connected to the traders were selected as respondents of the study. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data were used to establish a good understanding of the pen shell industry in the areas of the study. Results show that the adductor muscle or tinga is a substitute for scallops, thus, an export product. The other parts of pen shell or rambit are also of high demand. The highest volume of pen shell catch occur during October to April during the northeast monsoon (amihan) and gradually decline from May to September during the southwest monsoon (habagat) months. The value chain maps reflect the whole meat and semi-processed value chains, the two distinct marketing practices traced in the pen shell industry. The actors in the two value chains are the fisherfolks, processors, traders, and exporters. The enablers are the fisherfolks’ organization, local government unit (LGU), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), City Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (CFARMC), microfinance institutions, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and Phil Export. There is uneven distribution of value added in both chains. More value is created and captured by the processors while the fisherfolks have negative gains. The value-added captured by the processors and traders are higher in semi-processed practice. There is the need to focus on the supply of pen shell, the effects of pollution of Sorsogon Bay, market information, technology to preserve the quality of products, industry association, and basic researches on pen shell under Sorsogon Bay condition.
Socio-Demographic Profile and Employment Status of Bicol University College of Arts and Letters Graduates (2008-2010)
Authors:   Bicol Unversity, Habalo Reina O.
Published: May 2022

A pressing concern in higher education is the employability of graduates. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are turning out 465,000 graduates every year on the average. Aside from the issue on the absorptive capacity of the labor market based on its required knowledge, skills, attitude and values, the quality of graduates is also an issue. The challenge is for HEIs to determine the relevance of curricular programs and their potential job marketability. Research-based approaches and strategies should be established to provide students a set of achievements, skills, understanding, and personal attributes that make them more likely to gain employment and be successful in their chosen occupations which benefit themselves, the workforce, the community, and the economy. This tracer study of the Bicol University College of Arts and Letters assessed how well the college has trained its graduates for life in the workplace. It found that majority of the graduates are gainfully employed in related workplaces. Most of them got their first job within one month to less than three years after graduation and stayed in their first job within one month to less than three years. Compensation benefits such as salaries and other non-monetary benefits are the factors that made the graduates stay or leave their first job. Almost all competencies learned by the graduates were found very helpful and relevant to their jobs. Feedback and recommendations were also gained from both the graduates and the employers in order to improve the employability of the graduates. Findings indicate a need to revisit the curricular programs in order to address those issues.
Ecological Chemicals as Ecosystem Function Mediaters and Potential Lead Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Vairappan Charles S.
Published: May 2022

Relationship between functioning ecosystem services and human wellbeing has been established as a bridge connecting nature and society. It has also become central pillar of sustainability science and dictates the paradigms of sustainable development. But, conceptual frameworks that systematically integrates the important roles played by natural ecological chemicals by establishing empirical links between the nature and ecology not only varies, but lacks clear support. The value of ecological chemicals as ecosystem derived natural products warrants explicit acknowledgement, only then trade-offs between services and prioritization of policy can be realised. In the last 20 years, important roles played by the ecological chemicals in Bornean terrestrial and marine ecosystems were investigated and reported. Terrestrial plants produce Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) and structurally interesting secondary metabolites that facilitate their ecological processes that are aimed to establish communication such as defence, attraction, deterrent and territorial marking. Some of the most commonly utilized herbs and plants of traditional medicine importance showed very interesting chemical constituents, that justify their traditional utilization for human wellbeing. The role of VOCs that originated from animal diet and emitted through decomposition of faeces, was traced back to their important role as attractants of insects, particularly dung beetles that facilitates the remineralization of faeces and returns C and N to soil as to replenish global C and N-sink. Marine flora and fauna are perhaps the most vivid producers of structurally interesting secondary metabolites with more than one ecological functions. Halogenated secondary metabolites produced by red algae Laurencia are unique in their structural design and exhibited multiple biological potentials. Similarly, soft corals in the Sulu-Sulawesi Coral Triangle produced a huge diversity of terpenoids and functions as feeding deterrents of these soft bodied invertebrates. Ecological chemicals obtained from the Bornean biodiversity also exhibited a wide array of medically important biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammation, anti-anticancer and serves an important array of lead pharmaceuticals. Some of these compounds are very potent and have been patented as lead-pharmaceutical candidates from Bornean natural products. Hence, ecological chemicals are important natural products that regulate ecological processes that ensures ecological balance in tropical ecosystems. Humans who are the custodians of natural ecosystem, stand to benefit directly and indirectly when we practice sustainable utilization and regulation of our natural resources.
Zwei arbeiten, eine macht Pause
Authors: Lakovic Daniel
Published: May 2022

In der Kläranlage Greenway in London Ontario, Kanada werden unter anderem auch die Schlämme aus sechs benachbarten städtischen Kläranlagen entwässert. Hierfür nutzt die Kläranlage drei Flottweg Zentrifugen C7E, mit erstaunlichen Ergebnissen.
Pocket-Parks – ein Konzept zur Stärkung urbaner Klimaresilienz?
Authors: Kolb Frank , Fähnrich Bettina , Patzwahl Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

Durch klimatische Veränderungen haben sich verschiedene Faktoren, die die urbanen Siedlungsstrukturen und Lebensbedingungen beeinflussen, sehr stark verändert. Pocket-Parks können eine Lösung sein, um die entstandene Situation zu entschärfen.
Grauwasserrecycling zur Kleinklimaverbesserung
Authors: Johnen Lutz , Buchmann Johanna
Published: May 2022

2018 eröffnete im Londoner Knowledge-Quartier das Aga-Khan-Zentrum. Das Gebäude hat eine „BREEAM Excellent“-Zertifizierung, was besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Energieeffizienz eines Gebäudes und seine Auswirkungen auf den Wasserkreislauf impliziert.
Weitere Forschung zu Mikroplastik dringend erforderlich
Authors: Manzke Uwe
Published: May 2022

Mit dem Klärschlamm geraten Mikroplastikpartikel auf Äcker, sinken in den Boden und auf angrenzende Felder. Forschungen im BMBF-Projekt „MicroCatch_Balt“ und PLASTRAT bestätigten jetzt den unkontrollierten Eintrag von Mikroplastik in die weitere Umwelt.
The Political Economy of Energy Alteration in Indonesia: The Role of Coal and Mineral in New and Renewable Energy Alteration
Authors: hartanto hartanto
Published: May 2022

The world's energy sources have seen various transformations, with the majority first relying on biomass such as firewood to satisfy their energy demands, before transitioning to fossils such as coal, oil, and natural gas as a result of the industrial revolution. Indonesia, like other rising market nations, faces issues in satisfying its domestic energy demand. Dependence on fossil energy sources presents its own challenges. This study is focused on the constraints associated with green growth policy in East Kalimantan. The purpose of this paper is to address three questions: first, to reiterate the importance of developing more comprehensive energy transition strategies in Indonesia. This is accomplished by comparing data on the availability of energy sources to data on Indonesia's expanding energy demands. Second, how to establish an energy transfer policy that takes into consideration Indonesia's conditions and potentials, as well as the problems that must be solved. Third, how to position the mining and coal sector as a key component of the energy transformation process, especially given the long-term character of the transformation process, while reaching energy sufficiency is a problem that demands immediate attention. To discuss this, the author uses qualitative methods with case studies. The results showed that in general, a number of prerequisites need to be met to make coal and nickel a transitional element, namely: infrastructure, resources, economic aspects, and national energy policies. To increase the contribution of New and Renewable Energy in the National Energy Mix, there are still a number of problems and challenges, both from the policy and regulatory aspects to support the development of NRE, the aspect of providing accurate data, the financial aspect for developing NRE for private investors, and the aspect of providing technology and infrastructure to support private investment in the NRE sector.
The importance of nanotechnology for the development of the Algerian economy: a SWOT analysis
Authors: Mostefai Nebia , Nezai Azzeddine , Abdellah Noureddine
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyzing the environment of nanotechnology, and it uses in the Algerian economy, and determining strategies for developing nanotechnology in Algeria as a strategic option for economic diversification based on the results of this analysis.

Results. The study showed that there is an overall growth in the market share of nanotechnology, while in Algeria there is dynamism in this industry, but it is slow. The results of the study analyzing the environment for the application of nanotechnology in the Algerian economy have proven that there are strengths specific to the economy of this country in terms of the existence of energy, agricultural, water and human resources. These strengths were accompanied by opportunities linked to the large size of the Algerian market, and to the strategic geographical location of Algeria with the availability of major infrastructures. On the other hand, the application environment of this technology has weaknesses, most of which are related to organizational and management problems and technological backwardness. Four strategies have been proposed for the successful application of nanotechnology in order to develop the Algerian economy on the medium and long horizon.

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the treatment and the study of the possibilities of development of the Algerian economy by approaching the theme of nanotechnology as a source of economic diversification in Algeria. A strategic diagnosis of the environment for the application of this technology in the development of the Algerian economy, giving strategic solutions based on the results of this diagnosis.

Practical value. The SWOT analysis approach has become a modern strategic analysis approach to diagnosing the environment of any important subject. In our study, the SWOT approach allowed building a clear conception of the application environment of nanotechnology as a source of economic diversification. The proposed SWOT matrix strategies can be considered as mechanisms used by decision makers in order to achieve the success of the application of nanotechnology as a source of economic diversification in Algeria.
Exceptional middle latitude electron precipitation detected by balloon observations: implications for atmospheric composition
Authors: Mironova Irina , Sinnhuber Miriam , Bazilevskaya Galina , Clilverd Mark , Funke Bernd , Makhmutov Vladimir , Rozanov Eugene , Santee Michelle L. , Sukhodolov Timofei , Ulich Thomas
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Energetic particle precipitation leads to ionization in the Earth's atmosphere, initiating the formation of active chemical species which destroy ozone and have the potential to impact atmospheric composition and dynamics down to the troposphere. We report on one exceptionally strong high-energy electron precipitation event detected by balloon measurements in geomagnetic midlatitudes on 14 December 2009, with ionization rates locally comparable to strong solar proton events. This electron precipitation was possibly caused by wave–particle interactions in the slot region between the inner and outer radiation belts, connected with still poorly understood natural phenomena in the magnetosphere. Satellite observations of odd nitrogen and nitric acid are consistent with widespread electron precipitation into magnetic midlatitudes. Simulations with a 3D chemistry–climate model indicate the almost complete destruction of ozone in the upper mesosphere over the region where high-energy electron precipitation occurred. Such an extraordinary type of energetic particle precipitation can have major implications for the atmosphere, and their frequency and strength should be carefully studied.
Time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation by ambient aerosols: laboratory observations and a formulation for models
Authors: Jakobsson Jonas K. F. , Waman Deepak B. , Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Bjerring Kristensen Thomas
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The time dependence of ice-nucleating particle (INP)
activity is known to exist, yet for simplicity it is often omitted in
atmospheric models as an approximation. Hitherto, only limited experimental
work has been done to quantify this time dependency, for which published
data are especially scarce regarding ambient aerosol samples and longer timescales. In this study, the time dependence of INP activity is quantified
experimentally for six ambient environmental samples. The experimental
approach includes a series of hybrid experiments with alternating constant
cooling and isothermal experiments using a recently developed cold-stage
setup called the Lund University Cold-Stage (LUCS). This approach of
observing ambient aerosol samples provides the optimum realism for
representing their time dependence in any model. Six ambient aerosol samples
were collected at a station in rural Sweden representing aerosol conditions
likely influenced by various types of INPs: marine, mineral dust,
continental pristine, continental-polluted, combustion-related and rural
continental aerosol. Active INP concentrations were seen to be augmented by about 40 % to
100 % (or 70 % to 200 %), depending on the sample, over 2 h (or 10 h). Mineral dust and rural continental samples displayed the most
time dependence. This degree of time dependence observed was comparable to,
but weaker than, that seen in previous published works. A general tendency
was observed for the natural timescale of the freezing to dilate
increasingly with time. The fractional freezing rate was observed to decline
steadily with the time since the start of isothermal conditions following a
power law. A representation of time dependence for incorporation into
schemes of heterogeneous ice nucleation that currently omit it is proposed. Our measurements are inconsistent with the simplest purely stochastic model
of INP activity, which assumes that the fractional freezing rate of all
unfrozen drops is somehow constant and would eventually overpredict active
INPs. In reality, the variability of efficiencies among INPs must be treated
with any stochastic theory.
Nutrient release and flux dynamics of CO2, CH4 and N2O in a coastal peatland driven by actively induced rewetting with brackish water from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Pönisch Daniel Lars , Breznikar Anne , Gutekunst Cordula Nina , Jurasinski Gerald , Rehder Gregor , Voss Maren
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The rewetting of drained peatlands supports long-term nutrient removal in addition to reducing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). However, rewetting may lead to short-term nutrient leaching into adjacent water and high methane (CH4) emissions. The consequences of rewetting with brackish water on nutrient and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes remain unclear, although beneficial effects such as lower CH4 emissions seem likely. Therefore, we studied the actively induced rewetting of a coastal peatland with brackish water, by comparing pre- and post-rewetting data from the peatland and the adjacent bay. Both the potential transport of nutrients into adjacent coastal water and the shift of GHG fluxes (CO2, CH4, N2O) accompanying the change from drained to inundated conditions were analyzed based on measurements of the surface water concentrations of nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (PO43-)), oxygen (O2), components of the CO2 system, CH4, and N2O together with manual closed-chamber measurements of GHG fluxes. Our results revealed higher nutrient concentrations in the rewetted peatland than in the adjacent bay, indicating that nutrients leached out of the peat and were exported to the bay. A comparison of DIN concentrations of the bay with those of an unaffected reference station showed a significant increase after rewetting. The total nutrient export out of the peatland ranged between 12.5 and 36.5 t yr−1 for DIN-N and 0.2 ± 0.5 t yr−1 for PO4-P. The peatland was also a source of GHG in the first year after rewetting. However, the spatial and temporal variability decreased and high CH4 emissions, as reported for freshwater rewetting, did not occur. CO2 fluxes decreased slightly from 0.29 ± 0.74 g m−2 h−1 (pre-rewetting) to 0.26 ± 0.29 g m−2 h−1 (post-rewetting). The availability of organic matter (OM) and dissolved nutrients were likely the most important drivers of continued CO2 production. Pre-rewetting CH4 fluxes ranged from 0.13 ± 1.01 mg m−2 h−1 (drained land site) to 11.4 ± 37.5 mg m−2 h−1 (ditch). After rewetting, CH4 fluxes on the formerly dry land increased by 1 order of magnitude (1.74 ± 7.59 mg m−2 h−1), whereas fluxes from the former ditch decreased to 8.5 ± 26.9 mg m−2 h−1. These comparatively low CH4 fluxes can likely be attributed to the suppression of methanogenesis by the available O2 and sulfate, which serve as alternative electron acceptors. The post-rewetting N2O flux was low, with an annual mean of 0.02 ± 0.07 mg m−2 h−1. Our results suggest that rewetted coastal peatlands could account for high, currently unmonitored nutrient inputs into adjacent coastal water, at least on a short time scale such as a few years. However, rewetting with brackish water may decrease GHG emissions and might be favored over freshwater rewetting in order to reduce CH4 emissions.
A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21
Authors: Sinnl Giulia , Winstrup Mai , Erhardt Tobias , Cook Eliza , Jensen Camilla Marie , Svensson Anders , Vinther Bo Møllesøe , Muscheler Raimund , Rasmussen Sune Olander
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ice-core timescales are vital for the understanding of past climate; hence
they should be updated whenever significant amounts of new data become
available. Here, the Greenland ice-core chronology GICC05 was revised for
the last 3835 years by synchronizing six deep ice cores and three shallow
ice cores from the central Greenland ice sheet. A new method was applied by
combining automated counting of annual layers on multiple parallel proxies
and manual fine-tuning. A layer counting bias was found in all ice cores
because of site-specific signal disturbances; therefore the manual
comparison of all ice cores was deemed necessary to increase timescale
accuracy. After examining sources of error and their correlation lengths,
the uncertainty rate was quantified to be 1 year per century. The new timescale is younger than GICC05 by about 13 years at 3835 years
ago. The most recent 800 years are largely unaffected by the revision.
Between 800 and 2000 years ago, the offset between timescales increases
steadily, with the steepest offset occurring between 800 and 1100 years ago.
Moreover, offset oscillations of about 5 years around the average are
observed between 2500 and 3800 years ago. The non-linear offset behavior is
attributed to previous mismatches of volcanic eruptions, to the much more
extensive dataset available to this study, and to the finer resolution of
the new ice-core ammonium matching. By analysis of the common variations in
cosmogenic radionuclides, the new ice-core timescale is found to be in
alignment with the IntCal20 curve (Reimer et al., 2020).
Forest structure and individual tree inventories of north-eastern Siberia along climatic gradients
Authors: Miesner Timon , Herzschuh Ulrike , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Wieczorek Mareike , Zakharov Evgenii S. , Kolmogorov Alexei I. , Davydova Paraskovya V. , Kruse Stefan
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We compile a data set of forest surveys from expeditions to the north-east of the Russian Federation, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (59-73° N, 97-169° E). The region is characterized by permafrost soils, and forests dominated by larch (Larix gmelinii RUPR., Larix cajanderi MAYR). Our dataset consists of a plot data base describing 226 georeferenced vegetation survey sites, and of a tree data base with information about all trees on these plots. The tree data base contains information on height, species and vitality of 40,289 trees. A subset of the trees was subject to a more detailed inventory, recording stem diameter at base and at breast height, crown diameter and height of the beginning of the crown. We recorded heights up to 28.5 m (median = 2.5 m) and stand densities up to 120,000 trees per ha (median = 1197 ha−1), both values tending to be higher in the more southerly areas. Observed taxa include Larix MILL., Pinus L., Picea A.DIETR., Abies MILL., Salix L., Betula L., Populus L., Alnus MILL. and Ulmus L.. In this study, we present the forest inventory data aggregated per site. Additionally, we connect it with different remote sensing data products to find out how accurately forest structure can be predicted from such products. Allometries were calculated to obtain the diameter from height measurements for every species group. For Larix, the most frequent of ten species groups, allometries depend also on the stand density, as denser stands are characterized by thinner trees, relative to height. The remote sensing products used to compare against the inventory data include climate, forest biomass, canopy height, and forest loss or disturbance. We find that the forest metrics measured in the field can only be reconstructed from the remote sensing data to a limited extent, as they depend on local properties. This illustrates the need for ground inventories like those data we present here. The data can be used for studying the forest structure of north-eastern Siberia, and for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed data.
An emergency response model for the formation and dispersion of plumes originating from major fires (BUOYANT v4.20)
Authors: Kukkonen Jaakko , Nikmo Juha , Riikonen Kari , Westerholm Ilmo , Ilvessalo Pekko , Bergman Tuomo , Haikarainen Klaus
Published: May 2022

Abstract. A mathematical model called BUOYANT has previously been
developed for the evaluation of the dispersion of positively buoyant plumes
originating from major warehouse fires. The model addresses the variations
of the cross-plume integrated properties (i.e., the average properties along
a trajectory) of a rising plume in a vertically varying atmosphere and the
atmospheric dispersion after the plume rise regime. We have described in
this article an extension of the BUOYANT model to include a detailed
treatment of the early evolution of the fire plumes before the plume rise
and atmospheric dispersion regimes. The input and output of the new module
consist of selected characteristics of forest or pool fires and the
properties of a source term for the plume rise module, respectively. The
main structure of this source term module is based on the differential
equations for low-momentum releases of buoyant material, which govern the
evolution of the plume radius, as well as velocity and density differences. The source
term module is also partially based on various experimental results on fire
plumes. We have evaluated the refined BUOYANT model by comparing the model
predictions against the experimental field-scale data from the Prescribed Fire
Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment, RxCADRE. The
predicted concentrations of CO2 agreed fairly well with the aircraft
measurements conducted in the RxCADRE campaign. We have also compiled an
operational version of the model. The operational model can be used for
emergency contingency planning and the training of emergency personnel in
case of major forest and pool fires.
A Time-Varying Distributed Unit Hydrograph method considering soil moisture content
Authors: Yi Bin , Chen Lu , Zhang Hansong , Singh Vijay P. , Jiang Ping , Liu Yizhuo , Qiu Hongya
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The distributed unit hydrograph (DUH) method has been widely used for flow routing in a watershed, because it adequately characterizes the underlying surface characteristics and varying rainfall intensity. Fundamental to the calculation of DUH is flow velocity. However, the currently used velocity formula assumes a global equilibrium of the watershed and ignores the impact of time-varying soil moisture content on flow velocity, which thus leads to a larger flow velocity. The objective of this study is to identify a soil moisture content factor, which, based on the tension water storage capacity curve, was derived to investigate the response of DUH to soil moisture content in unsaturated areas. Thus, an improved distributed unit hydrograph, based on time-varying soil moisture content, was developed. The proposed DUH considered the impact of both the time-varying rainfall intensity and soil moisture content on flow velocity, assuming the watershed to be not in equilibrium but varying with soil moisture. The Qin River basin and Longhu River basin were selected as two case studies, and the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH), time-varying distributed unit hydrograph (TDUH) and the current DUH methods were compared with the proposed method. The influence of time-varying soil moisture content on the flow velocity and flow routing was evaluated. Results showed that the proposed method performed the best among the four methods. The shape and duration of the unit hydrograph can be mainly related to the soil moisture content at the initial stage of a rainstorm. When the watershed is approximately saturated, the grid flow velocity is mainly dominated by excess rainfall.
On constraining a lumped hydrological model with both piezometry and streamflow: results of a large sample evaluation
Authors: Pelletier Antoine , Andréassian Vazken
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The role of aquifers in the seasonal and multiyear dynamics of streamflow is undisputed: in many temperate catchments, aquifers store water during the wet periods and release it all year long, making a major contribution to low flows. The complexity of groundwater modelling has long prevented surface hydrological modellers from including groundwater level data, especially in lumped conceptual rainfall–runoff models. In this article, we investigate whether using groundwater level data in the daily GR6J model, through a composite calibration framework, can improve the performance of streamflow simulation. We tested the new calibration process on 107 French catchments. Our results show that these additional data are superfluous if we look only at model performance for streamflow simulation. However, parameter stability is improved, and the model shows a surprising ability to simulate groundwater levels with a satisfying level of performance in a wide variety of hydrogeological and hydroclimatic contexts. Finally, we make several recommendations regarding the model calibration process to be used according to the hydrogeological context of the modelled catchment.