bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MopIR: a machine-learning-oriented data preprocessing pipeline for precise analysis of infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Ziwei , Gu Xingxin , Shi Suwen , Meng Xiangyi , Hang Junjie , Lin Jianli , Zhong Claire Chenwen , Li Yu , Huang Junjie
Published: June 2024

The application of infrared (IR) spectroscopy is limited due to intrinsically theoretical constraints. Machine learning offers a route for overcoming these limitations. Nevertheless, its efficacy significantly relies on the quality of data because irrelevant and/or redundant information hinders the success of learning the true signal. In this study, we introduced an intuitive multivariate method tailored for assessing the quality of spectra obtained from experimental replicates of identical samples. Additionally, we developed an analytical tool named "MopIR" (Machine-learning-Oriented Pipeline for InfraRed spectroscopy) designed to enhance the quality of IR spectra and therefore boost the performance in downstream machine learning tasks. The application of MopIR on simulated IR spectra yielded a substantial improvement in the quality of processed spectra. Furthermore, we extended the application of MopIR by combining it with machine learning algorithms on labeled IR spectra obtained from soil samples to predict carbon concentration within the samples. Our findings revealed a remarkable reduction in predictive errors and an enhancement in stability when comparing MopIR-processed data to raw data. In addition, we applied MopIR to IR spectra obtained from wood samples subjected to thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) modifications, resulting in the reduction of background effect, signal amplification, and a boost in classification accuracy. Our results demonstrated an enhancement in machine learning tasks achieved through the improvement of data quality in the context of IR spectra analysis.
A rigidity theorem for compact gradient Einstein-type manifolds with boundary
Authors: Chen Xiaomin
Published: June 2024

Inspired by the recent paper of Baltazar and Queiroz (Rigidity Theorem for Integral Pinched Static Manifolds and Related Critical Spaces, J. Geom. Anal. 2024), in this article, we prove the rigidity for compact gradient Einstein-type manifolds with nonempty boundary and constant scalar curvature under a pinching condition, which is independent on the potential function. As a special case of gradient Einstein-type manifold, we also give a rigidity result of (m, ρ)-quasi-Einstein manifold with boundary.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 53C25; 53C20; 53C21.
Research on Visual Recognition Method for Defect Detection in Photovoltaic Cells Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Xueguang , Yin Hengbin , Wang Meng
Published: June 2024

The quality and efficiency of photovoltaic power generation are closely related to the excellent performance of solar panels.Using defective panels may reduce power generation efficiency and product lifespan, and even lead to serious safety accidents .Therefore, strict defect detection is necessary before the photovoltaic panels leave the factory.This paper proposes a detection algorithm based YOLOv5 for Photovoltaic panel inspection.By combining a linear bottleneck inverted residual structure with an efficient pyramid split attention module called EPSA, the computational and parameter requirements are reduced. Additionally, by enhancing the optimization of Ghost convolution and deep convolution, the computational load is further reduced. The balanced cross-entropy loss function and non-maximum suppression method are combined to investigate multiple small target defect detections. Comparison experiment results on the defect dataset of photovoltaic cells demonstrate that the accuracy (P) of the enhanced algorithm has increased by 6.30%, and the average accuracy (mAP) has increased by 9.40%.The proposed model effectively identifies photovoltaic cell defects, fulfilling the criteria for photovoltaic panel inspection, and showing promising application prospects.
A novel distance measure for probabilistic linguistic term sets with application to emergency decision-making
Authors: Liu Hanjie , Wang Zhiying , Jia Hongmei
Published: June 2024

The probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs), as a form of fuzzy language, is capable of effectively expressing the evaluation information of decision-makers (DMs) in emergency decision-making (EDM). In response to the uncertainty of decision-making information and the non-complete rationality of DMs in EDM, a method for EDM based on PLTSs and regret theory has been developed. Firstly, a novel distance measure model based on the Euclidean distance, Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence, and Jousselme distance is established for the PLTSs. Secondly, the expert weight is calculated based on both the degree of trust in the expert and the degree of similarity in viewpoints. In the process of consensus reaching, a feedback adjustment coefficient is introduced to reasonably retain the original evaluation information provided by experts. Then, a combined weighting model is established based on both objective attribute weight and subjective attribute weight in order to solve the comprehensive attribute weight. It is important to consider that DMs are often not entirely rational; therefore, an EDM method is constructed using PLTSs and regret theory to prioritize alternatives. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are validated through the selection of a transportation scheme for earthquake relief materials.
Muscle-targeted Klotho Gene Therapy Ameliorates ALS Hallmarks by Addressing Multiple Disease Mechanisms in SOD1G93A Mice
Authors: Bosch Assumpció , Verdés Sergi , Guerrero-Yagüe Rubén , Gaja-Capdevila Núria , Sauleda Judith , Rey Javier Rel , Roig-Soriano Joan , Chillon Guillem , Leal-Julià Marc , Rodríguez-Estévez Laura , Chillón Miguel , Herrando-Grabulosa Mireia , Navarro Xavier
Published: June 2024

The antiaging protein a-Klotho (KL) exhibits neuroprotective and myoregenerative properties, mitigating age-related neurodegeneration and promoting muscle regeneration. This study harnesses its pleiotropic properties in the context of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a motoneuron disease lacking effective treatments due to its diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. By overexpressing secreted KL in skeletal muscles of SOD1G93A mice with myotropic viral vectors we aimed to directly protect muscles and exert a paracrine effect on motoneuron (MN) terminals. Secreted KL preserved MNs and neuromuscular junctions, and mitigated glial reactivity, resulting in maintained muscle mass, improved neuromuscular function, delayed disease onset, and extended survival. Even when administered during symptomatic stages, KL slowed down ALS progression. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies in muscles revealed significant correction of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ALS disease, unveiling novel roles for KL. These findings highlight the potential application of muscle-secreted KL in ALS regardless of its origin and suggest broader therapeutic implications.
Spatial Heterogeneity Modeling of the Neighbourhood Effects and Socio-economic Factors on Burglary Crimes in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi Rasheed A. , Ibrahim Aminu , Olumoh Jamiu S.
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the geographical patterns of distribution in burglary crimes (residential and nonresidential) in Nigeria for the incidence year 2017. Our novel approach integrates spatial structures into the traditional regression framework and evaluates the spatial disparities in neighborhood effects and the socio-economic characteristics of burglary crimes at sub-national levels. The study proposed four spatially varying models to demonstrate the importance of incorporating spatial dependence components in the models. The determinant factors included in the model are; the unemployment rate, education index, and poverty indices, alongside demographic variables, to understand crime patterns. A Bayesian analysis was performed via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the model parameters. The analysis revealed that the proportional contribution due to neighborhood (clustering) effect was estimated as 24.7% for the house-breaking and the estimated neighborhood contribution as 29.0% for the store-breaking occurrence. This approach demonstrates superiority in model performance, as indicated by the lowest Deviance Information Criterion. Findings reveal negative associations between burglary and multi-dimensional poverty, while young male adults show a positive relationship with store-breaking incidents. Hot spot areas and spatial variations in crime patterns are identified, offering insights for criminologists and informing policing strategies for effective crime prevention.
DAVID CAMERON: A HOSTAGE TO HIS OWN PROMISES OR A VICTIM OF THE “EUROPEAN QUESTION”?
Authors: Атапин Е.А.
Published: June 2024

Дэвид Кэмерон стал для Британии премьер-министром, приведшим ее к референдуму по вопросу членства в Европейском союзе, на котором с небольшим перевесом было принято решение о выходе государства из интеграционного объединения. В статье рассматривается отношение Д. Кэмерона к «европейскому вопросу» в период его пребывания на Даунинг-стрит с 2010 по 2016 гг. Анализируется влияние евроскептического крыла Консервативной партии на подход Д. Кэмерона к проблемам взаимоотношений Великобритании и Евросоюза. Делается попытка установить причины его многочисленных обещаний относительно проведения всенародного голосования по вопросу членства Соединенного Королевства в ЕС. Особое внимание уделяется Блумбергской речи Д. Кэмерона, в которой он дал официальное обещание провести плебисцит. Кроме того, затрагиваются особенности кампании британского референдума 2016 г. и объясняется влияние его итогов на отставку Д. Кэмерона с поста премьер-министра.

David Cameron’s premiership was marked by a referendum on Britain’s membership in the European Union. During this popular vote the decision was made by a small margin to withdraw the UK from the European integration association. The article examines D. Cameron’s attitude to the “European question” during his tenure as Prime Minister from 2010 to 2016. The influence of the eurosceptic wing of the Conservative Party on D. Cameron’s approach to the problems of relations between Great Britain and the European Union is analyzed. The author attempts to find out the reasons for his numerous promises to hold a referendum on the issue of the United Kingdom’s membership in the EU. Particular attention is paid to D. Cameron’s Bloomberg speech in which he made an official promise to hold a plebiscite. In addition, the features of the 2016 British referendum campaign are characterized and the influence of its results on the resignation of D. Cameron is explained.
ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE POWER STRUCTURE DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY VII
Authors: Мухин М.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается система управления Англией, функционирующая в правление Генриха VII. Утверждается, что несвойственное абсолютному большинству монархов участие Генриха VII в управлении Англией создало иллюзию того, что он — «архитектор» бюрократической системы управления. Отмечается, что сложившейся властный механизм был основан на личном управлении монархом неинституционализированной системы личных взаимодействий. Выявляется, что Генрих VII не стремился ликвидировать власть аристократии, и при управлении Англией во многом опирался на нее как и его предшественники. При этом к концу правления короля большинство знати было должно ему большие денежные суммы. Нет свидетельств, что, используя парламент или другие институты, Генрих VII стремился существенно трансформировать систему управления. Делается вывод, что, хотя первый монарх из династии Тюдоров добился усиления центральной власти, а также её политического и финансового превосходства над аристократами, но Генрих VII был средневековым монархом, и структурная трансформация власти в правление короля осуществлена не была.

The article examines the system used to rule England during the reign of Henry VII. It is argued that Henry VII's uncharacteristic involvement in ruling the country created an illusion that he was the "architect" of the bureaucratic government system. It is noted that the established power mechanism had been based on the monarch's personal management of a non-institutionalised system of person-to-person relations. It is pointed out that Henry VII did not seek to eliminate the power of the aristocracy, and in ruling England relied on it to a large extent, as had done his predecessors. At the same time, by the end of his reign, most of the nobility owed him large sums of money. There is no evidence that Henry VII utilised parliament or other institutions to significantly transform the government system. It is concluded that although the first Tudor monarch strengthened the central power and reinforced its political and financial superiority over the aristocrats, Henry VII was still a medieval monarch, and the power structure did not undergo any significant transformation during his reign.
THE TUDOR NAVY: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY.
Authors: Гаврилов С.Н.
Published: June 2024

Военно-морской флот тюдоровского периода традиционно приковывал к себе внимание историков. С момента зарождения исторической науки сменилось несколько научных подходов в исследовании этого предмета: от «героического» до «институционального». Казалось бы, тюдоровский флот – одна из самых исследованных тем, поэтому профессиональным историкам на современном этапе трудно внести в нее что-то новое. Однако, это не так. Сегодня мы становимся очевидцами зарождения новых научных подходов, дающих возможность посмотреть на знакомый предмет исследования с иных сторон. В данной статье рассматривается как смена научных подходов в истории изучения королевского флота династии Тюдоров, так и уделяется внимание зарождающимся новым, имеющим большие перспективы в научных исследованиях.

The Tudor navy has traditionally attracted the attention of historians. Since the birth of historical science, several scientific approaches have changed in the study of this subject: from the "heroic" to the "institutional". It would seem that the Tudor navy is one of the most researched topics, so it is difficult for professional historians at the present stage to introduce something new into it. However, it is not so. Today we are witnessing the emergence of new scientific approaches that make it possible to look at a familiar subject of research from other angles. This issues examines both the change of scientific approaches in the history of the study of the Royal Navy of the Tudor dynasty, and pays attention to emerging new ones that have great prospects in scientific research.
CEO Power and Tax Avoidance in Malaysia: The Moderating Effect of Board Gender Diversity
Authors: Hooy Guat-Khim  , Phua Lian-Kee
Published: June 2024

This study examines the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) power and tax avoidance and the moderating effects of board gender diversity on this relationship. Based on companies listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia from 2009 to 2019, it is found that CEO power is positively associated with tax avoidance. This suggests that CEOs with more dimensions of power are more competent in reducing the firm’s tax burden. Further tests show that this positive relationship is strengthened by board gender diversity. This implies that CEO competence in tax avoidance increases as the proportion of female directors on the board increases.
The mediating role of organizational climate for human resources management strategies and competitive advantage in Jordanian commercial banks
Authors: Megdad Zaid , Caglar Onbasioglu Dilber
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of human resource management strategies on gaining a competitive advantage in Jordanian commercial banks. Human resource strategies can help organizations achieve their goals by attracting and retaining skilled workers who contribute to the organization’s competitive advantage. A competitive environment requires effective human resource strategies. Thus, the study utilizes a descriptive analysis approach to analyze the data and test the hypotheses through SPSS and PLS-SEM-4. The study population comprises 13 banks, and the sample includes all employees of human resources departments. A total of 411 respondents joined a comprehensive survey, and 405 questionnaires were deemed valid. The findings reveal that human resource management strategies have a positive impact on competitive advantage (p = 0.000) and organizational climate (p = 0.000); organizational climate positively affects competitive advantage (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the study shows an indirect relationship between human resource management strategies and competitive advantage through organizational climate (p < 0.001).
Synergistic effect and microbial community structure of waste-activated sludge and kitchen waste solids residue mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion
Authors: Xue Tongzhan , Yan Xiangyu , Li Weihua , Xu Jiajia , Yang Xinlei
Published: June 2024

Anaerobic co-digestion was conducted on the solid residues after three-phase separation of kitchen waste (KWS) and waste-activated sludge (WAS), the synergistic effects and process performance were studied during co-digestion at different ratios of KWS to WAS. KWS and WAS mix ratios of 0:1, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 1:0 (based on TS). The results showed that a ratio of KWS to WAS of 1:1 got a very high methane recovery with a methane yield of 310.45 ± 30.05 mL/g VSadded. The highest concentration of free ammonia among all reaction systems was only 70.23 ± 5.53 mg/L, which was not enough to produce ammonia inhibition in the anaerobic co-digestion system. However, when the KWS content exceeded 50%, methane inhibition and prolongation of the lag phase were observed due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and during the lag phase. Microbial community analysis showed that various bacterial groups involved in acid production and hydrolysis were mainly dominated by phylum Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Hydrogenotrophic methanogen was found to dominate all archaeal communities in the digesters. Co-digestion of KWS with WAS significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanobacterium compared with anaerobic digestion of WAS alone.
Implementing a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process using a novel umbrella basalt fiber carrier
Authors: Li Shan-Wei , Xu Wei , Xie Yu-Jie , Fu Liang , Gao Qi , Wang Xiao-Chun , Li Yan , Wu Zhi-Ren
Published: June 2024

The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is significantly hindered by prolonged start-up periods and unstable nitrogen removal efficiency. In this study, a novel umbrella basalt fiber (BF) carrier with good biological affinity and adsorption performance was used to initiate the CANON process. The CANON process was initiated on day 64 in a sequencing batch reactor equipped with umbrella BF carriers. During this period, the influent NH4+-N concentration gradually increased from 100 to 200 mg·L−1, and the dissolved oxygen was controlled below 0.8 mg L−1. Consequently, an average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency (ARE) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of ∼90 and 80% were achieved, respectively. After 130 days, ARE and TNRE remained stable at 92 and 81.1%, respectively. This indicates a reliable method for achieving rapid start-up and stable operation of the CANON process. Moreover, Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were identified as dominant anammox genera on the carrier. Nitrosomonas was the predominant genus among ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Spatial differences were observed in the microbial population of umbrella BF carriers. This arrangement facilitated autotrophic nitrogen removal in a single reactor. This study indicates that the novel umbrella BF carrier is a highly suitable biocarrier for the CANON process.
Exploration of the Shared Gene Signatures and Molecular Mechanisms
between Chronic Bronchitis and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
Antibody-associated Glomerulonephritis: Evidence from Transcriptome Data
Authors: Cai Xiaojing , Li Yueqiang , Liu Qingquan , Gao Xiang , Li Junhua
Published: June 2024

Background:

Chronic Bronchitis (CB) is a recurrent and persistent pulmonary inflammation disease.
Growing evidence suggests an association between CB and Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated
Glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN). However, the precise mechanisms underlying their association remain
unclear.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to further explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of chronic
bronchitis (CB) associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-
GN).

Objective:

Our study aimed to investigate the potential shared pathogenesis of CB-associated ANCA-GN.

Methods:

Datasets of ANCA (GSE108113 and GSE104948) and CB (GSE151052 and GSE162635) were obtained
from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Firstly, GSE108113 and GSE151052 were analyzed
to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by Limma package. Based on common
DEGs, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analyses, including GO, KEGG,
and GSEA, were performed. Then, hub genes were identified by degree algorithm and validated in
GSE104948 and GSE162635. Further PPI network and functional enrichment analyses were performed on hub
genes. Additionally, a competitive ceRNA network was constructed through miRanda and spongeScan. Transcription
factors (TFs) were predicted and verified using the TRRUST database. Furthermore, the CIBERSORT
algorithm was employed to explore immune cell infiltration. The Drug Gene Interaction Database
(DGIDB) was utilized to predict small-molecular compounds of CB and ANCA-GN.

Result:

A total of 963 DEGs were identified in the integrated CB dataset, and 610 DEGs were identified in
the integrated ANCA-GN dataset. Totally, we identified 22 common DEGs, of which 10 hub genes (LYZ, IRF1,
PIK3CG, IL2RG, NT5E, ARG2, HBEGF, NFATC2, ALPL, and FKBP5) were primarily involved in inflammation
and immune responses. Focusing on hub genes, we constructed a ceRNA network composed of
323 miRNAs and 348 lncRNAs. Additionally, five TFs (SP1, RELA, NFKB1, HIF1A, and SP3) were identified
to regulate the hub genes. Furthermore, immune cell infiltration results revealed immunoregulation in CB
and ANCA-GN. Finally, some small-molecular compounds (Daclizumab, Aldesleukin, and NT5E) were predicted
to predominantly regulate inflammation and immunity, especially IL-2.

Conclusion:

Our study explores the inflammatory-immune pathways underlying CB-associated ANCA-GN
and emphasizes the importance of NETs and lymphocyte differentiation, providing novel insights into the
shared pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
Mechanisms of QiShenYiQi in Inhibiting Blood-Brain Barrier Damage
Following Stroke: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Guang-Tian , Ye Yang
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose:

QiShenYiQi (QSYQ) has shown promise in the treatment
of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following stroke. However, the identification of its bioactive components and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. This
study aimed to investigate the active ingredients and mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effects of QSYQ on BBB damage after ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experimental verification.

Materials and Methods:

The chemical composition and target information of QSYQ were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform.
BBB injury-related targets were identified by screening databases, and the overlapping targets
with QSYQ were collected. Cytoscape software was utilized to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Molecular docking analysis was conducted using AutoDock software. Animal experiments were carried out to verify the protective effect of QSYQ on BBB and explore
potential molecular mechanisms.

Results:

A total of 131 active ingredients in QSYQ and 154 common targets related to QSYQ
and BBB damage were identified. Analysis of the PPI network revealed key targets including
ALB, INS, ACTB, TP53, and CASP3 against BBB injury. Molecular docking analysis indicated
favorable binding interactions between dihydrotanshinlactone, tanshinone IIA, salviolone, and
their respective target proteins, such as FOS, INS, CASP3, and JUN. In animal experiments,
QSYQ demonstrated effective inhibition of BBB damage, and this effect may be attributed to the
regulation of ALB, INS, TP53, and CASP3.

Conclusion:

This study provides intriguing insights into the mechanisms by which QSYQ protects against BBB injury following ischemic stroke. Key targets, including ALB, INS, TP53, and
CASP3, could be potentially involved in the beneficial effects of QSYQ.
Understanding the Potential of CBD for Health Benefits: an Overview
Authors: Santos Ivan , P.P. Oliveira M. Beatriz , Casas Ana , Fidalgo Javier , Almeida Hugo
Published: June 2024

Cannabinoids are compounds with increasing scientific interest, particularly due to
their interaction with the endocannabinoid system via CBR1 and CBR2 receptors. They can interfere with appetite, pain, and sleep or develop mood changes in the individual. Cannabidiol (CBD)
is a well-known cannabinoid with potential benefits, including reducing epilepsy seizures, alleviating anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, aiding in Tourette Syndrome (a
neurodevelopmental disorder), depression, sleep disorders, and promising in the treatment of cancer, pain relief, and heart health. Although generally safe, CBD can have side effects, including
drug metabolism interference, fertility, and liver function. In addition, it can be administered by
oral, sublingual, transdermal, or inhalation via each one with different bioavailability.
The application of nanotechnology, specifically through colloidal carrier systems, holds promising
potential for maximizing CBD's efficacy and pharmacological profile. There are reported CBD extraction methods using ethanol, carbon dioxide, deionised water, and non-polar oils like olive or
coconut oil. Green extraction methods have gained popularity due to their higher yields, shorter extraction time, and reduced costs. A specific dose with the desired effects is challenging due to individual factors, with most studies suggesting a range between less than 1 and 50 mg/kg/d. This review aims to explore the principles of CBD-based products development, focusing on extraction
methods and purification processes of this cannabinoid for tinctures, topicals, and other pharmaceutical forms, as well as further research to attain the objectives.
Patient Data Hiding and Transmitting during COVID-19 for Telemedicine
Application using Image Steganography
Authors: Sirisha B Lakshmi , Ahamed Shaik Fayaz , Aruna VBKL
Published: June 2024

Aim of the Study::

After the COVID-19 pandemic, every individual needs to be more aware of their health. The condition of the human body is ged based on various
health reports like X-rays, CT scan, and MRI scans. Moreover, due to misplacement or loss of medical reports, there is a high probabaility of
improper diagnosis.

Methods::

In order to avoid improper diagnosis, a novel data-hiding technique is proposed in this work. In the proposed method, the patient’s health records
are hidden using polynomial theory in the patient photograph. This is used by doctors in telemedicine for better treatment at the right time. Image
steganography is useful for hiding secret images and also for generating secret keys. This enables only the authorized people (patient and
corresponding doctor) to access the reports using secret keys.

Results::

Four secret images (medical reports of the patient) are successfully embedded onto a single cover image (patient photo) with good quality. After
embedding, the stego images look like cover images so that unauthorized persons will not be able to access the data, and hence, safe transmission
is being carried out.

Conclusion::

A patient's medical report plays an important role in proper medical treatment. Particularly in telemedicine, the safe transmission of patient reports
without any loss or damage is necessary. The proposed method embeds reports of a patient in his/her photo and transmitsthem to the destination
safely with a quality of 45.5 dB. This hiding method is helpful to avoid cyber crimes, illegal transactions, malpractices etc.
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for the Estimation of Lead in Chocolates
Authors: Mohan Sabarivasan , Selvaraj Stalin
Published: June 2024

Background:

This study aimed to demonstrate the practical and sensitive lead detection
using biogenic silver nanoparticles in dark chocolate samples and silver nitrate was reduced using
Syzygium cumini aqueous seed extract as a reducing agent to produce nanoparticles. The obtained
NPs were characterized via spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy.

Method:

Silver nitrate was reduced using Syzygium cumini aqueous seed extract as a reducing agent to
produce nanoparticles. The obtained NPs were characterized via spectrometry and scanning electron
microscopy. The formation of NPs was confirmed by a shift in lambda max to 430 nm and the observation
of 2 nm-sized particles in SEM. Data on change in lambda max as a function of time must be
shown in a figure. Silver nanoparticles mixed with lead induce a red shift from the original 430 nm to
434 nm absorption maximum, confirming the efficiency of silver nanoparticles in finding a lead.

Result:

We evaluated that the limit of detection (LOD) was to be 0.8715 μg/mL, and the limit of
quantification (LOQ) was found to be 150 μg/ mL.

Conclusion:

The prepared biogenic silver nanoparticles have been used to detect lead in spiked diluted
chocolates.
Recent Advances in Water-Soluble Polymer and Polymeric Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Application
Authors: Bhardwaj Harish , Khute Sulekha , Sahu Ram Kumar , Jangde Rajendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

Polymers are supermolecules or huge molecules that have a central role as an excipient
in any dosage formulation. Currently, the usage of polymers in drug formulation is often
associated with numerous problems connected with drug release, side effects, and carcinogenic
effects. Therefore, the utilization of water-soluble polymers and polymeric nanoparticles has
been favoured to minimize these types of problems. Polymers can be found in natural and synthetic
resources and they are manipulated according to their chemical and biological activity in
cells and tissues. Their major advantages include improving therapeutic efficacy, reduced toxicity,
loading capacity, drug release rate, greater efficacy, targeted delivery, prolonged circulation
time, and physical and chemical stability. Thus, this review focuses on the classifications of
polymers such as HPMC, HEC, CMC, PVP, Pectin, chitosan, alginate polyacetylene, polythiophene,
polypyrrole, polyphenylene, polyaniline, etc., the needs and drawbacks of herbal polymers,
factors affecting biodegradation polymers, key properties of water-soluble polymers as
well as their properties. This review also deals with various commercial biopolymers and the
associated challenges. The properties of polymeric nanoparticles (PNP) as drug carriers and their
diverse applications are discussed. PNPs such as polymeric micelles, niosome, dendrimers, liposomes
and colloidal carriers composed of biodegradable polymers are widely used drug carriers.
PNPs are produced to decrease toxicity, improve therapeutic efficacy, and increase drug permeation
due to good compatibility with lipophilic and oil-soluble drugs. The performance of polymers
is an important factor in current biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore,
the formulation of PNP focuses on improving applications in nanotechnology.
Exploring the Synergistic Antimicrobial Potential of Garlic and Honey: A
Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yadav Priti , Lalwani Surendra , Chanchal Dilip Kumar , Mittal Nidhi , Chaudhary Jitendra Singh
Published: June 2024

Aims:

This article explores the well-established therapeutic attributes of honey and garlic,
renowned for their potent antibacterial effects. This investigation aims to elucidate the synergistic
antibacterial potential resulting from the combined use of these two natural substances.

Methods:

A comprehensive examination of honey's antibacterial and antifungal characteristics is conducted, delineating its intricate mechanism of action with a focus on hydrogen peroxide and other
phytochemicals. Simultaneously, various processes underpinning the antibacterial properties of garlic
are discussed, with particular emphasis on its key bioactive component, allicin.

Results:

This research unveils a novel perspective on the interaction between honey and garlic. It is
intricately analyzed how garlic's bioactive components disrupt microbial cell membranes, while
honey employs diverse tactics to combat illnesses. This interaction opens new possibilities for modern
antibacterial approaches.

Discussion:

Quantitative findings and the significance of the study are discussed in detail. The practical applications of the synergistic antibacterial potential are underscored, emphasizing its relevance
in food preservation and medicinal contexts. The research accentuates the promising use of garlic and
honey blends as natural alternatives to artificial preservatives, with implications for wound care and
infection prevention.

Conclusion:

Emphasizing the valuable applications of synergistic antibacterial potential across diverse industries, including food preservation and medicine, this study underscores the importance of
harnessing the combined antibacterial qualities of garlic and honey as a sustainable solution to emerging challenges in food safety and health.
Integrated Approach of Retrofitting an Existing Residential Building to a Nearly Zero Energy Building with Simultaneous Seismic Upgrading
Authors: Pamboris George , Christis Z. Chrysostomou , Kalogirou Soteris A. , Paul Christodoulides
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The current study's goal is to apply an integrated approach of retrofitting a typical building in Cyprus that was designed and constructed for the refugee settlements in the period 1975-1985. The existing building is retrofitted to a nearly zero-energy building.

Methods

This typical type of building examined represents approximately 15,347 houses and stands for 3.57% of households in Cyprus. This percentage is considered significant with regards to energy consumption, as this type of structure has an estimated energy consumption of 1000 kWh/m2/y and CO2 emissions of 293.74kg CO2/m2/y. This corresponds to 0.293 Mt CO2/y, which stands for 4.18% of total CO2 emissions in Cyprus for 2011, based on the latest IEA (International Energy Agency) data. An integrated approach is followed for the retrofitting of the existing building, which involves both energy and structural upgrades, taking into account the earthquake resistance upgrade. Since Cyprus is in a highly seismic region, an important factor in this approach is the ability of the structure to survive a strong earthquake during its remaining lifetime, according to the design criteria. The study presents and discusses three possible coalitions with multiple scenarios of approaching the upgrade of the existing building. In each coalition, various criteria and implementation actions are considered based on the energy consumption, the CO2 footprint, and the seismic resistance.

Results

The study also investigates whether the extension of life expectancy of the existing structure through earthquake resistance upgrade will have a positive or negative effect on the CO2 life cycle footprint and cost of the building. Results show that for the examined typical building, simultaneous energy and earthquake resistance upgrade is more efficient in terms of cost and environmental impact. The building with the smallest construction age had the smallest Decision-Making Index (DMI) from the A, B and C coalitions.

Conclusion

It is important that for an existing building, the option to remain in its original state (coalition A) without any upgrading intervention is not the most favorable option. Therefore, the need to evaluate the existing building stock and plan the upgrade of the buildings in question is of utmost importance.
Brain Disorder Detection and Diagnosis using Machine Learning and Deep
Learning – A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Chaki Jyotismita , Deshpande Gopikrishna
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective:

Brain disorders are one of the major global mortality issues,
and their early detection is crucial for healing. Machine learning, specifically deep learning, is a technology
that is increasingly being used to detect and diagnose brain disorders. Our objective is to provide
a quantitative bibliometric analysis of the field to inform researchers about trends that can inform
their Research directions in the future.

Methods:

We carried out a bibliometric analysis to create an overview of brain disorder detection and
diagnosis using machine learning and deep learning. Our bibliometric analysis includes 1550 articles
gathered from the Scopus database on automated brain disorder detection and diagnosis using machine
learning and deep learning published from 2015 to May 2023. A thorough bibliometric análisis is carried
out with the help of Biblioshiny and the VOSviewer platform. Citation analysis and various
measures of collaboration are analyzed in the study.

Results:

According to a study, maximum research is reported in 2022, with a consistent rise from preceding
years. The majority of the authors referenced have concentrated on multiclass classification and
innovative convolutional neural network models that are effective in this field. A keyword analysis revealed
that among the several brain disorder types, Alzheimer's, autism, and Parkinson's disease had received
the greatest attention. In terms of both authors and institutes, the USA, China, and India are among
the most collaborating countries. We built a future research agenda based on our findings to help progress
research on machine learning and deep learning for brain disorder detection and diagnosis.

Conclusion:

In summary, our quantitative bibliometric analysis provides useful insights about trends
in the field and points them to potential directions in applying machine learning and deep learning for
brain disorder detection and diagnosis.
Influence of MoS2 , B4C and Graphite on Mechanical and Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour and Micro structural Characteristics of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Matrix Composites
Authors: Sakthi S. , Hariharan S. R. , Mahendran S. , Jayasudhakar S. T.
Published: June 2024

In the current study, the synthesis and characterization of a metal matrix
composite material encompassing MoS2
, B4C and graphite as reinforcement have been
carried out. Hybrid composites are prepared by using stir-casting techniques with
various weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) of each reinforcement (Molybdenum
Disulfide, Boron carbide and Graphite). After fabrication, the ingots were subjected to
various tests to study their mechanical behaviour and microstructure. Tensile test,
hardness test, and impact test were conducted by ASTM standard to find the effect of
reinforcement on aluminium metal matrix composite (Al 7075- MoS2
, B4C, and
graphite). The microstructural study (scanning electron microscope) was conducted to
assess the distribution of reinforcement on the composite. The spread and interaction of
constituent materials play a key role in their properties. The results show that the
addition of reinforcements up to 3% to matrix metal Al 7075, the hardness, tensile, and
impact properties were increased compared to base AL 7075 alloy.
Induction Motor Condition Monitoring Using Hybrid AI and IoT System
Authors: Irudaya Raj E. Fantin , Thanu M. Chithambara , Darwin S. , Appadurai M.
Published: June 2024

We use a variety of electrical devices in our day-to-day operations. Home
appliances, industrial applications, automobile applications, and other gadgets are
among the devices available. So many electrical instruments rely on the electrical
machine as their heart. If a fault arises in the machine, it will cause the instrument to
malfunction. It can sometimes result in a dangerous situation. To avoid this, we must
constantly monitor the electrical machine. If a problem arises, we must be informed as
soon as possible. Only then will we be able to take corrective action and prevent fault
occurrence. This way, we can leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of
Things (IoT) for electrical machine condition monitoring. AI focuses on creating
intelligent machines that think and work like humans. The IoT is a network of
connected systems that can collect and transfer data wirelessly without human
involvement. We can take condition monitoring, control, and information exchange to
the next level by combining these two approaches (AI-IoT). This study employs an
induction motor for analysis purposes because it is one of the most widely used electric
motors worldwide in a broad range of applications. Throughout its various operating
stages, the induction motor is continuously monitored, and the state of the motor is
updated to the user accordingly. Additionally, utilizing IoT and modern communication
technologies makes it possible to remotely monitor and control the induction motor.We
can achieve numerous advantages over traditional methods by combining these two
methodologies (AI-IoT).
Organic Farming: An Ecofriendly Approach for Sustainable Development and Agriculture
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Rajiv Asha , Thiruneelakandan R.
Published: June 2024

India is an agricultural country. 75% of the population is directly dependent
on agriculture for their living. Modern farming uses enormous amounts of pesticides
and chemical fertilizers which disrupt soil fertility and cause water hardness and
genetic variation in plants. In this paper, we are going to focus on organic farming and
its benefits. Quality crops are produced through organic farming without influencing
the health of the soil. Therefore, organic farming provides macronutrients and
micronutrients to the plants and improves the different characteristics of the soil.
Organic agriculture helps the farmers get synced with climate change. The change of
climate makes the growth condition more difficult. To overcome such a situation, the
earth holds and removes the required greenhouse gases in the soil. Eco-agriculture has
a higher ability to reduce environmental change, largely because it’s higher in lowering
the emission of gases like CH4
, NO2
, and CO. The confirmation of cultivation practices
as expected in natural horticulture gives an assurance of natural standards and
guidelines. This additionally permits the upheld reception of new and successful
practices pointed to working on the relief of environmental change. Besides, natural
agribusiness is profoundly versatile to environmental change, compared to regular
farming. In any case, a more noteworthy acknowledgment of the capability of natural
farming for alleviating environmental change is required. Future techniques for
working on the adequacy of natural farming in relieving environmental change are
introduced and talked about.
Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Empowering Farmers
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi
Published: June 2024

Environmental preservation and protection are anticipated benefits of
sustainable agriculture. It often serves as a remedy for soil degradation and other loss
of natural resources. Worldwide, there is still poverty and there are individuals who
don't have a full day's worth of food because of the use of chemical pesticides and
fertilisers. In order to preserve our ecology and environment, this worldwide problem
must be addressed. Furthermore, since soil is a finite resource, it must be handled with
care to prevent deterioration. The whole chemical agricultural system is changed by
sustainable agriculture. In order to address a huge growth in the human population, the
green revolution was what began it all. Chemical fertilisers were used to speed up crop
production, which produced an excess of food grains. However, it also requires lowincome workers to borrow money and use it to purchase fertiliser and pesticides during
the early phases of crop production.
Bioplastics for Sustainable Development: An Ecofriendly Approach
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Sanjay Anagha , Bhattacharya Ishira , Krishna K. M. , Krishna Srujana Jaya
Published: June 2024

Plastics are primarily composed of polymers and contain additives that allow
them to inherit properties like durability, thermal insulation, electrical insulation, and
density. Studies have shown that approximately half of all conventional synthetic
polymers in the market are used as short-term products, during disposal, they end up in
landfills and oceans where large amounts of plastic are washed ashore, sinked or
floated, and fragmented into micro plastics which can harm and kill various organisms
before making their way through the food chain. The term bioplastic is an abbreviation
for bio-based polymers. A bio-based polymer can be shaped by components that stem
from an organic source or its derivatives. In this paper, we will discuss the types,
production, advantages, and disadvantages and applications of bioplastics.
Pioneering Technique to Mitigate Environmental Contaminants Involving Bioremediation
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Padmapriya G. , Tharundini J. H.
Published: June 2024

Bioremediation is a type of biodegradation that involves the phenomenon of
biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms. Biodegradation
mainly involves the conversion of complex organic compounds into simpler and nontoxic compounds. Bioremediation is a natural and genetically engineered technology
that involves cleaning up polluted air, water, and soil using various forms of life such
as bacteria, fungi, fishes, algae, animals, and plants. Bioremediation includes
biotransformation which is the incomplete biodegradation of organic compounds and it
is employed for the synthesis of commercially important products by microorganisms.
The other names which can be used for bioremediation are biotreatment, bioreclamation, and biorestoration. Bioremediation is mainly used for the degradation of
xenobiotics. Xenobiotics are substances that are man- made or synthetic that take a
very long time to degrade. They are also known as recalcitrants. Some examples of
recalcitrants are pesticides, herbicides, refrigerants, solvents, and other organic
substances. Accumulation of these substances in soil, water, air, and water causes so
many problems. Therefore, we can use bioremediation to remove these chemicals from
the environment. So it will be a very good solution for the environmental problems
caused by toxic chemicals.
Ecocidio del rio Nechí: Invocación del efecto inter comunis
Authors: Restrepo Jimenez Luis Carlos , Restrepo Londoño Katheleen Johana
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Mining in Colombia has long been one of the economic activities carried out by the population, both illegally and artisanally; moreover, this practice hasspread to companies seeking to exploit these soil resources in our territories. However, the consequences of both practices raise alarms in nearby communities due to their damage to human health. Objective: The main objective of this work is to make the general public aware of the current situation of the Nechi River. This study employs a descriptive and qualitative approach to make visible the current situation of the Nechi River, affected by the indiscriminate use of harmful chemicals such as mercury and others, due to illegal mining practices. This approach allows for a detailed understanding of the environmental and health impacts on the communities surrounding the river.Reflection: The results indicated that the Nechi River is indeed undergoing an ecocide that has it on the brink of extinction. Conclusions: All the aforementioned obligesthe State authorities to act and prevent catastrophic results in the future, using legal tools such as invoking the inter comunis effect, which would allow, by extension, the recognition of rights to the Nechi River.