bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of L1 conceptual and linguistic knowledge and frequency in the acquisition of L2 metaphorical expressions
Authors: Türker Ebru
Published: July 2015

This study investigates how figurative language is processed by learners of a second language (L2). With an experiment testing L2 comprehension of figurative expressions in three categories, each combining shared and unshared first language (L1) and L2 lexical representations and conceptual representations in a different way, the study investigates the effects of L1 conceptual knowledge, L1 linguistic knowledge and L1 frequency. I predict that in cases where the L1 and L2 share similarities in terms of conceptual knowledge (e.g. ANGER IS FIRE) and metaphorical expressions (e.g. His eyes are burning with anger), learners will better comprehend the L2 figurative expressions than in cases where the L1 and L2 share no such similarities. I further predict that when L1 and L2 share similarities in both conceptual knowledge and metaphorical expression, L1 frequency will have a positive effect on L2 metaphorical comprehension. These hypotheses are tested by examining the comprehension of advanced-level L2 Korean learners whose native language is English. The testing items are 54 Korean metaphorical expressions related to three emotion concepts (ANGER, HAPPINESS and SADNESS) presented to participants in one decontextualized and two contextualized tasks (limited and elaborated). The results demonstrate that the effects of L1 conceptual/linguistic knowledge and L1 frequency vary depending on the given context. The L2 learners performed significantly better with figurative language for which L1 and L2 show similarities at both lexical and conceptual levels, but only in the conditions of no or limited context. In the same conditions, the study also found a significant effect of L1 frequency on L2 processing of figurative language. This study suggests that the L1 has considerable influence on how L2 metaphorical expressions are processed in a nonsupportive context, even at higher levels of proficiency.
Grasp planning to maximize task coverage
Authors: Lin Yun , Sun Yu
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a task-oriented grasp quality metric based on distribution of task disturbance, which could be used to search for a grasp that covers the most significant part of the disturbance distribution. Rather than using a uniformly distributed task wrench space, this paper models a manipulation task with a non-parametric statistical distribution model built from the disturbance data captured during the task demonstrations. The grasp resulting from maximizing the proposed grasp quality criterion is prone to increasing the coverage of most frequent disturbances. To reduce the computational complexity of the search in a high-dimensional robotic hand configuration space, as well as to avoid the correspondence problem, the candidate grasps are computed from a reduced configuration space that is confined by a set of given thumb placements and thumb directions. The proposed approach has been tested both in simulation and on a real robotic system. In simulation, the approach was validated with a Barrett hand and a Shadow hand in several manipulation tasks. Experiments on a physical robotic platform verified the consistency between the proposed grasp metric and the success rate.
The impact of disfavoured music on affect complexity in young adults
Authors: Bodner Ehud , Bensimon Moshe
Published: July 2015

The notion that a positive and negative affect can co-exist is described as affect complexity. According to the Dynamic Model of Affect, stressful events decrease affect complexity. This study examined whether disliked music acts on its listeners in a similar manner to stressful events. Young adults ( N = 397), 191 non-fans of the heavy metal genre and 206 fans of this genre, were exposed to a popular heavy metal song. Positive and negative emotions were measured before and after the exposure. While the affect complexity of non-fans decreased after listening to the heavy metal song, it remained stable among the fans of this genre (β = −.42). Moreover, the level of negative emotions increased and the level of positive emotions decreased among non-fans, whereas among the fans the level of positive emotions increased. Furthermore, the increase in negative emotions occurred in high arousal emotions among the non-fans. The findings of this study provide evidence of the differential impact of music on the listeners’ affect complexity, and on how this impact is associated with music preference. Since affect complexity is an important asset strongly and positively associated with people’s well-being, these findings justify further exploration of the impact of music on the affect complexity of its consumers.
The Capacity to Use the Group as a Corrective Symbiotic Object in Group Analytic Psychotherapy for Patients with Psychosis
Authors: Štrkalj Ivezić Sladjana , Urlić Ivan
Published: July 2015

Group psychotherapy is widely accepted for treatment of patients suffering from psychosis. Nevertheless, some uncertainties remain regarding efficacy of insight-oriented group psychotherapy in these cases. Embracing the thinking of those authors that consider corrective symbiotic experience as essential in psychotherapeutic treatment for patients with psychosis, we explore the possibilities of group psychotherapy in enabling corrective emotional experience in our group therapeutic activity. Through some clinical examples from long-term outpatient group psychodynamic psychotherapy, which was insight oriented, we demonstrate how this method works with patients suffering from psychosis in a carefully selected group. Our experiences are positive, showing that the group analytically informed approach can offer a corrective symbiotic experience to patients with psychosis. However, patients with very deep symbiotic needs, who exclusively demand gratification of their symbiotic transferences, are not recommended for inclusion in group analytic work.
Racial Discourse and Partisan Blogs
Authors: Dowd Jeffrey
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on racial discourses on political blogs during one of the first racial controversies of Obama’s presidency. I examined the interactional dynamics in the comment sections of posts from left and right blogs during the controversy. I found that the majority of participants on partisan blogs either racialized the controversy to promote a racial claim or deracialized the controversy to protect a racial claim from potentially threatening aspects of a controversy. I focus on the ambiguous challenges to racialization and deracialization that occurred in the course of internal debate over the specifics of the case and over nonracial claims. I argue that blog participants preserved racial frameworks by managing the ambiguity that arises from debates. This article contributes to the literature on racial discourse and political polarization by identifying processes that help explain how each “national conversation on race” maintains and perhaps expands the partisan divide on race.
Measuring University Students’ Approaches to Learning Statistics
Authors: Chiesi Francesca , Primi Caterina , Bilgin Ayse Aysin , Lopez Maria Virginia , del Carmen Fabrizio Maria , Gozlu Sitki , Tuan Nguyen Minh
Published: July 2015

The aim of the current study was to provide evidence that an abbreviated version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was invariant across different languages and educational contexts in measuring university students’ learning approaches to statistics. Data were collected on samples of university students attending undergraduate introductory statistics courses in five countries (Argentina, Italy, Australia, Turkey, and Vietnam). Using factor analysis, we confirmed the three-factor (Deep, Surface, and Strategic approach) model holds across the five samples, and we provided evidence of configural and measurement invariance. The current version of the ASSIST for statistics learners is a suitable scale for researchers and teachers working in the field of statistics education and represents promising tool for multinational studies on approaches to learning statistics.
Introducing SpatialGridBuilder: A new system for creating geo-coded datasets
Authors: Pickering Steve
Published: July 2015

Researchers in the conflict research community have become increasingly aware that we can no longer depend on state-aggregated data. Numerous factors at the substate level affect the nature of human interactions, so if we really want to understand conflict, we need to find more appropriate units of analysis. However, while many conflict researchers have realized this, actually taking the next step and performing data analysis on spatial data grids has remained a rather elusive goal for many because of the difficulty of learning the new techniques to perform such analyses. This paper introduces SpatialGridBuilder, a new, freely available, open-source system with the goal of empowering conflict researchers with no background in GIS methods to start their own spatial analyses. SpatialGridBuilder allows the researcher to: (a) create entirely new spatial datasets, based on the needs of their own research; (b) import their own spatial data; (c) easily add a range of important variables to the datasets, including commonly used conflict variables, plus new variables that have not been presented before; and (d) visualize graphical renderings of this data. Having done this, SpatialGridBuilder will then export the dataset for the researcher to analyse using conventional statistical methods. This article introduces the new program, and demonstrates how it can be used to set up such a statistical analysis. It also shows how different results can be achieved by building grids of different resolutions, thereby encouraging researchers to choose grid resolutions appropriate to their research questions and data. The article also introduces a novel means of determining infrastructure complexity, using Google maps.
Open-Source Data and the Study of Homicide
Authors: Parkin William S. , Gruenewald Jeff
Published: July 2015

To date, no discussion has taken place in the social sciences as to the appropriateness of using open-source data to augment, or replace, official data sources in homicide research. The purpose of this article is to examine whether open-source data have the potential to be used as a valid and reliable data source in testing theory and studying homicide. Official and open-source homicide data were collected as a case study in a single jurisdiction over a 1-year period. The data sets were compared to determine whether open-sources could recreate the population of homicides and variable responses collected in official data. Open-source data were able to replicate the population of homicides identified in the official data. Also, for every variable measured, the open-sources captured as much, or more, of the information presented in the official data. Also, variables not available in official data, but potentially useful for testing theory, were identified in open-sources. The results of the case study show that open-source data are potentially as effective as official data in identifying individual- and situational-level characteristics, provide access to variables not found in official homicide data, and offer geographic data that can be used to link macro-level characteristics to homicide events.
Bringing Hidden Organizations Out of the Shadows
Authors: Scott Craig R.
Published: July 2015

This introduction to the special issue describes hidden organizations, offers several reasons for the lack of research on these collectives, and explains how this collection of articles helps move us forward in efforts to empirically study hidden organizations. After providing background information on the history of this special issue, the five articles published here are described in terms of the type of collective examined, the theories and methods used, and the key research questions addressed. Three observations about the published pieces are made: being hidden requires communicative effort; hiddenness is usefully understood in terms of identity management; and any discussion of hidden organizations raises ethical considerations. The piece closes with acknowledgements and a call for continued conceptual/theoretical and empirical research into hidden organizations.
An integrated approach to vehicle and subsystem sizing and analysis for novel subsystem architectures
Authors: Chakraborty Imon , Mavris Dimitri N , Emeneth Mathias , Schneegans Alexander
Published: July 2015

The aerospace industry is currently transitioning to More Electric subsystem architectures due to steadily improving electric technologies and the technology saturation of established conventional architectures. For aircraft with such unconventional architectures, the lack of historical information and the presence of increased inter-subsystem interactions create a significant design challenge. These necessitate a greater focus on subsystems design earlier in the design process than typically seen for aircraft with conventional subsystem architectures. At the same time, however, to be suitable for the early design phases, the subsystem analyses must be computationally inexpensive and not require detailed aircraft definition. This work presents an integrated, modular, and tool-independent approach to the sizing and performance analysis of the aircraft and its subsystems, in which inter-dependencies are established between relevant aircraft and subsystem level parameters. The approach allows the assessment of subsystem architectures using vehicle and mission level metrics for a fixed vehicle design, and also the amplified effect of re-sizing the vehicle in accordance with a pre-defined rule-set. The proposed approach was demonstrated through a comparative assessment of a predominantly electric subsystem architecture and a conventional one for a representative single-aisle aircraft. In this assessment, the impacts of changing the form of secondary power extraction, the change in vehicle empty weight, and re-sizing of the vehicle were successively identified.
Active control of multifrequency helicopter vibrations using discrete model predictive sliding mode control
Authors: Lu Yang , Ma Xunjun
Published: July 2015

Conventional control laws are limited predominantly to control the rotor main passing frequency component of helicopter structural response, while the remaining frequency components still make harsh vibration. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a novel hybrid controller to control multifrequency helicopter vibrations. The architecture of the feedforward–feedback hybrid control law is first proposed based on the filtered-x least mean square algorithm. Subsequently, the feedback loop called discrete model predictive sliding mode controller is designed in detail which combines discrete sliding mode control and model predictive control. Discrete sliding mode control is employed for its robustness, while the chattering phenomenon is eliminated and then the system state is steered to reach the sliding surface precisely in an optimal manner with the assistance of model predictive control. Also, the stability, robustness, and state tracking error bound of the feedback controller are analyzed. Performance enhancement of the hybrid control law is verified by simulations based on a simplified helicopter finite element model. By comparison with the multifrequency filtered-x least mean square algorithm under various cases, the results clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm deals with the rotor main passing frequency component and its harmonics simultaneously with faster convergence and better stability.
Large two-centre study into the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jong AS , Rahamat-Langendoen JC , van Alphen PTW , Hilt N , van Herk CMC , Pont SBEH , Melchers WJG , van de Bovenkamp JHB
Published: July 2015

Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis are common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In the Netherlands, testing for M. genitalium and T. vaginalis is not recommended for first-line STI screening. Recent reports about the increasing antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium raise concern about the adequacy of current empirical treatment regimens. It is necessary to have insight in the prevalence of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis in order to evaluate current first-line STI screening and treatment protocols. During a five-month period, samples sent to two large medical microbiology diagnostic centres in the Netherlands for STI screening ( Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) were retrospectively tested for the prevalence of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis using the Diagenode S-DiaMGTV kit. A total of 1569 samples from 1188 unique patients (55.4% female) were tested. M. genitalium was the second most prevalent STI detected (4.5% of the patients), after C. trachomatis (8.3%). T. vaginalis was detected in 1.4% of the patients, comparable to the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae (1.3%). Dual infections were only detected in a small number of patients (1.0%). Incorporation of M. genitalium into routine STI screening should be considered, because of its relatively high prevalence, the consequences of its detection for antibiotic treatment and because of the availability of easy-to-use molecular diagnostic tests. For T. vaginalis, routine screening may be considered, depending on local prevalence and (sub)population.
Statistics in Public Understanding of Science review: How to achieve high statistical standards?
Authors: Crettaz von Roten Fabienne
Published: July 2015

This article proposes a checklist to improve statistical reporting in the manuscripts submitted to Public Understanding of Science. Generally, these guidelines will allow the reviewers (and readers) to judge whether the evidence provided in the manuscript is relevant. The article ends with other suggestions for a better statistical quality of the journal.
Materialities between security and privacy: A constructivist account of airport security scanners
Authors: Valkenburg Govert , van der Ploeg Irma
Published: July 2015

What concepts such as ‘security’ and ‘privacy’ mean in practice is not merely a matter of policy choices or value concepts, but is inherently tied up with the socio-material and technological arrangement of the practices in which they come to matter. In this article, one trajectory in the implementation of a security regime into the sociotechnical arrangement of airport security checking is reconstructed. During this trajectory, gradual modifications or ‘translations’ are performed on what are initially defined as the privacy and security problems. The notion of translation is used to capture the modifications that concepts undergo between different stages of the process: the initial security problem shifts, transforms and comes to be aligned with several other interests and values. We articulate how such translations take place in the material realm, where seemingly technical and natural-scientific givens take part in the negotiations. On the one hand, these negotiations may produce technologies that perform social inequalities. On the other hand, it is in this material realm that translations of problem definitions appear as simply technical issues, exempted from democratic governance. The forms of privacy and security that emerge in the end are thus specific versions with specific social effects, which do not follow in an obvious way from the generic, initial concepts. By focusing on problem definitions and their translations at various stages of the development, we explain how it is possible for potentially stigmatizing and privacy-encroaching effects to occur, even though the security technologies were introduced exactly to preclude those effects.
The good, the bad, and the powerful: Representations of the ‘local’ in peacebuilding
Authors: Hirblinger Andreas T , Simons Claudia
Published: July 2015

This article argues for a reflexive perspective on the ‘local’ in peacebuilding. While it is now widely acknowledged that anything local is complex, unstable, and relational, scholars continue to make truth claims about local actors and practices. This leads to an incomplete account of peacebuilding, as it conceals the powerful effects of representation, which shape our perspective on the local. We argue that the local is both used and produced through practices of representation, and that these representations serve to define what good peacebuilding entails. We consequently suggest a perspective on perspectives, which focuses on how representations of the local relate to political agendas in peacebuilding, and which can account for the effects of choosing one mode of representation over another. Through case studies from Burundi and South Sudan, we show that representations of the local are conflictingly produced by scholars, practitioners, and government officials, telling about the true, the good, and the bad local, empowering some and disempowering other actors, institutions, and practices. These dynamics have tangible effects on peace, conflict, and (in)security.
iPad Apps for Creating in Your General Music Classroom
Authors: Riley Patricia
Published: July 2015

It is vitally important for students to be creating music from the youngest age, and in all general music class settings. Now that the National Standards have been revised (renamed the National Core Arts Standards) and creating has been elevated to one of three artistic processes, the creative activities of composing, arranging, and improvising are more essential and relevant than ever. Because iPads are engaging and dynamic teaching and learning tools that are increasingly prevalent in K–12 schools and preschool settings, this article provides guidance for teachers of general music to make informed technology choices for their classrooms. It features recommended apps, detailed descriptions of their use, teaching suggestions, and sample lesson plans.
Management by Textbook
Authors: Errington Alison , Bubna-Litic David
Published: July 2015

Critical thinking is widely regarded as a crucial capability for competent management and also for any leadership role in society. In this article, we ask, “How do textbooks play a role in the weakness of many management graduates’ critical thinking skills?” Management teachers can find plentiful advice about best teaching practices, yet the critical skills gap remains. We argue that the nature and use of management textbooks intersect and interact with students’ epistemology to support a culture of surface learning, resulting in a failure to develop critical thinking skills. Textbooks reinforce underdeveloped student epistemology through limitations of content and position students as passive recipients of an authoritative version of oversimplified knowledge. In our survey of 30 successful management textbooks, we found the majority of popular management textbooks potentially inhibit, or only weakly support, the development of students’ capacity for critical thinking. The article concludes with suggestions for improving textbooks and textbook choice or considering alternatives.
Design Recommendations for Active Workplaces
Authors: Pronk Nicolaas P.
Published: July 2015

An active workplace, operationally defined as a company that deploys an organizational strategy designed to encourage movement and minimize sedentary time during the workday, may benefit from more engaged employees and less productivity loss, providing benefits for both workers and the company. Evidence of effectiveness supports the introduction of programs that reduce prolonged sitting time and increase movement and activity. This article highlights the need for companies to intentionally address sedentary behavior at work and base the approach for doing so on best-practice design principles that will increase the chances for successful solutions.
Is Sitting Too Much Bad for Your Health?
Authors: Huysmans Maaike A. , van der Ploeg Hidde P. , Proper Karin I. , Speklé Erwin M. , van der Beek Allard J.
Published: July 2015

Office workers spend a large part of their workday sitting down. Too much sitting seems bad for people’s health and puts them at risk for premature death. Workstation alternatives that allow desk work to be done while standing, walking, biking, or stepping reduce the total time spent sitting without affecting work performance much. Moreover, these alternatives seem acceptable to users. Future research is needed to determine long-term effects and whether results apply to different working populations. Ergonomists play an important role in developing recommendations for the setup and use of alternative workstations and in improving their feasibility.
A Physiological Perspective on Treadmill and Sit-to-Stand Workstations
Authors: John Dinesh , Lyden Kate , Bassett David R.
Published: July 2015

Active workstations, such as treadmill and sit-to-stand workstations, enable office employees to break prolonged sitting with bouts of light-intensity walking and/or standing. Compared with sitting, walking and/or standing accumulated during the workday using these workstations will increase muscle contractions, which may influence blood flow, energy expenditure, metabolism, musculoskeletal health, and brain function. Physiological responses when using treadmill and sit-to-stand workstations may vary due to differences in muscle contraction type (dynamic vs. static) and may thus affect cardio-metabolic and musculoskeletal health and brain function in different ways.
Is Standing the Solution to Sedentary Office Work?
Authors: Callaghan Jack P. , De Carvalho Diana , Gallagher Kaitlin , Karakolis Thomas , Nelson-Wong Erika
Published: July 2015

There has been a major shift toward office workstations that accommodate standing postures. This shift is attributable to negative health and musculoskeletal issues from sedentary exposures. However, changing exposures from sitting to standing does not eliminate these issues, as evidence indicates prolonged standing also induces problems. Reducing seated exposure and rotating frequently between sitting and standing has been shown to result in positive health outcomes, reduced discomfort, and increased work performance. Implementing sit-stand workstations has promise to mitigate work-related health issues, if the users are provided with training that includes accommodations for individual work patterns and preferences.
Policy Improvements for Winter Road Maintenance in South-East Europe
Authors: Glavic Drazenko , Mladenovic Milos N. , Stevanovic Aleksandar
Published: July 2015

Weather, as an important factor for traffic conditions, will have increased significance in South-East Europe (SEE) due to ongoing climate change. Consequently, SEE countries in transition will need to reconsider their winter road maintenance (WRM) practices. This article aims at providing a starting point for improving WRM practice. Focusing on Serbia, the article first provides a critical evaluation of existing WRM state of the practice. The core issue identified is a lacking practice in economic evaluation of WRM investment decisions. In addition, the article presents methodology and an example case study for economic evaluation of WRM investment decisions based on cost–benefit analysis. Results indicate an economic justification for investing in improved WRM practice. Finally, the article concludes that WRM policy improvements need to base on knowledge transfer from international best practice, improvement in performance measurement, methods, and technologies, accompanied with an essential change in institutional culture to accommodate policy learning.
Addressing Health Literacy Challenges With a Cutting-Edge Infectious Disease Curriculum for the High School Biology Classroom
Authors: Jacque Berri , Koch-Weser Susan , Faux Russell , Meiri Karina
Published: July 2015

This study reports the secondary analysis of evaluation data from an innovative high school biology curriculum focused on infectious disease (ID) to examine the health literacy implications of teaching claims evaluation, data interpretation, and risk assessment skills in the context of 21st-Century health science. The curriculum was implemented between 2010 and 2013 in Biology II classes held in four public high schools (three in Massachusetts and one in Ohio), plus a private school in Virginia. A quasi-experimental design was used in which student participants ( n = 273) were compared to an age-matched, nonparticipant, peer group ( N = 125). Participants in each school setting demonstrated increases in conceptual content knowledge (Cohen’s d > 1.89) as well as in understanding how to apply scientific principles to health claims evaluation and risk assessment (Cohen’s d > 1.76) and in self-efficacy toward learning about ID (Cohen’s d > 2.27). Participants also displayed enhanced communication about ID within their social networks relative to the comparison group ( p < .05). The data show that integrating the claims evaluation, data interpretation, and risk assessment skills critical for 21st-century health literacy health into high school biology classrooms is effective at fostering both the skills and self-efficacy pertinent to health literacy learning in diverse populations.
Gender differences in couple attachment behaviors as predictors of dietary habits and physical activity levels
Authors: Davis Stephanie Y , Sandberg Jonathan G , Bradford Angela B , Larson Jeffry H
Published: July 2015

This study used an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model to examine the relationship between attachment behaviors and health practices, as measured by physical activity levels and dietary habits. The sample included 1031 married couples, the majority of which is Caucasian (83.8%). Results suggest that women’s attachment behaviors significantly influenced their own health practices ( p = .038), such that for every unit increase in poor attachment behaviors, women were 199.8 percent more likely to have poor diet and low physical activity levels ( exp(1.098) = 2.998). Men’s attachment behaviors were not significantly related to their own health practices. There were also no significant partner paths. Implications for treating women who present with health problems are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Beyond survivorship? A discursive analysis of how people with pancreatic cancer negotiate identity transitions in their health
Authors: Gibson Alexandra F , D’Cruz Lourdes , Janda Monika , Beesley Vanessa L , Neale Rachel E , Rowlands Ingrid J
Published: July 2015

We explored how people negotiate, and respond to, identity transitions following a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Interviews with 19 people with pancreatic cancer were analysed using thematic discourse analysis. While discursively negotiating two transitions, ‘moving from healthy to ill’ and ‘moving from active treatment to end-of-life care’, participants positioned themselves as ‘in control’, ‘optimistic’ and managing their health and illness. In the absence of other discourses or models of life post-cancer, many people draw on the promise of survival. Moving away from ‘survivorship’ may assist people with advanced cancer to make sense of their lives in a short timeframe.
Going to the exclusive show: Exhibition strategies and moviegoing memories of Disney’s animated feature films in Ghent (1937–1982)
Authors: Van de Vijver Lies
Published: July 2015

This is a case study of the exploitation and experience of Disney’s animated feature films from the 1930s to the 1980s in Ghent (Belgium). It is a historical study of programming practices and financial strategies which constructed childhood memories on watching Disney. The study is a contribution to a historical understanding of the implications of global distribution of film as cultural products and the counter pull of localism. Using a multi-method approach, the argument is made that the scarce screenings were strategically programmed to uplift the moviegoing experience into something out of the ordinary in everyday life. Programming and revenue data characterize the screenings as exclusive and generating high intakes. Consequently, the remembered screenings did not exhale an easy accessible social status nor an image of pervasiveness of popular childhood film, contradictory to conventional accounts of Disney’s ubiquity in popular culture.
A population-level study of place of death and associated factors in Sweden
Authors: Håkanson Cecilia , Öhlén Joakim , Morin Lucas , Cohen Joachim
Published: July 2015

Aims: The aims of this study were to examine, on a population level, where people die in Sweden, and to investigate associations between place of death and underlying cause of death, socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, with a particular interest in people dying from life-limiting conditions typically in need of palliative care. Methods: This population-level study is based on death certificate data for all deceased individuals in Sweden in 2012, with a registered place of death ( n=83,712). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between place of death and individual, socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. Results: The results show that, in 2012, 42.1% of all deaths occurred in hospitals, 17.8% occurred at home and 38.1% in nursing home facilities. Individuals dying of conditions indicative of potential palliative care needs were less likely to die in hospital than those dying of other conditions (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.70–0.77). Living at home in urban areas was associated with higher likelihood of dying in hospital or in a nursing home (OR = 1.04 and 1.09 respectively). Educational attainment and marital status were found to be somewhat associated with the place of death. Conclusions: The majority of deaths in Sweden occur in institutional settings, with comparatively larger proportions of nursing home deaths than most countries. Associations between place of death and other variables point to inequalities in availability and/or utilization of health services at the end of life.
Emerging evidence that the ban on asbestos use is reducing the occurrence of pleural mesothelioma in Sweden
Authors: Järvholm Bengt , Burdorf Alex
Published: July 2015

Aims: Several countries have banned the use of asbestos. The future health impacts of previous use have been modeled but there are to our knowledge no convincing studies showing a decreased occurrence of asbestos-related diseases due to a ban. The aim of our study was to estimate the effects of the ban and other measures to decrease the use of asbestos in Sweden. Methods: The effect was measured through comparing the incidence of pleural malignant mesothelioma in birth cohorts who started to work before and after the decrease in the use of asbestos, i.e. in mid-1970s. Cases were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry and the analysis was restricted to persons born in Sweden. Results: Men and women born 1955–79 had a decreased risk of malignant pleural mesothelioma compared to men and women born 1940–49 (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.11–0.25; and RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.97 respectively). The decreased use of asbestos prevented each year about 10 cases in men and two cases in women below the age of 57 years in 2012. Conclusions: The ban and decreased use of asbestos in Sweden can be measured today in birth cohorts that started their working career after the decrease.
Chair support, faculty entrepreneurship, and the teaching of statistical reasoning to journalism undergraduates in the United States
Authors: Griffin Robert J , Dunwoody Sharon
Published: July 2015

Statistical reasoning is not the same as doing calculations. Instead, it involves cognitive skills such as the ability to think critically and systematically with data, skills important for everyday news work and essential for the era of data journalism. Twin surveys of the chairs of undergraduate journalism programs in the United States, conducted 11 years apart, revealed that those who perceived benefits from statistical reasoning instruction were more likely to reward entrepreneurship (faculty attempts to integrate this instruction into their classes), but with slow gains over time in the fairly small number of such faculty. Being consistent with university goals in statistical reasoning instruction appeared to motivate chairs’ reward decisions in both waves. Increasingly, they took into account what they saw as the general value of statistical reasoning for their students and the competitive edge it could give them in the journalism job market. Perceived constraints to teaching this content had no apparent overall impact on reward decisions.
Family perspectives on social hospitality dimensions while on holiday
Authors: Schänzel Heike A , Lynch Paul A
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on neglected social hospitality dimensions of food and accommodation on family holidays. Holidays signify concentrated periods of family time not only allowing for more shared food experiences but also necessitating more confined living spaces compared to home. A whole-family methodology was used as a critical and holistic approach to understand the holiday experiences of 10 families. Positive and negative memories of hospitality encounters for different family members are illustrated through the emotive concepts of commensality and spatiality highlighting their embodied, visible and interactive aspects. Family meals take on symbolic and publicly celebrated characteristics, whereas shared accommodation space is privately contested. The theoretical implications of the antithetical nature of family hospitality dimensions are further discussed and the family tourism research agenda is further developed.
Supply and demand: Will we have enough vascular surgeons by 2030?
Authors: Williams Katherine , Schneider Brandon , Lajos Paul , Marin Michael , Faries Peter
Published: July 2015

The increase in prevalence of certain cardiovascular risk factors increases susceptibility to vascular disease, which may create demand for surgical intervention. In our study, data collected by the American Association of Medical Colleges Physician Specialty Databook of 2012, the United States Census Bureau, and other nationwide organizations were referenced to calculate future changes in vascular surgeon supply and prevalence of people at risk for vascular disease. In 2010, there were 2853 active vascular surgeons. By 2040, the workforce is expected to linearly rise to 3573. There will be an exponential rise in people with cardiovascular risk factors. Adding to concern, in 2030, an estimated 3333 vascular surgeons will be available for 180,000,000 people with at least one risk factor for peripheral arterial disease. The paucity of properly trained surgeons entering the workforce needs to be addressed before this shortage becomes a larger burden on healthcare providers and governmental spending.
Coming to terms with social media monitoring: Uptake and early assessment
Authors: Trottier Daniel
Published: July 2015

Police and other investigative agencies face new challenges and opportunities with the growth of social media platforms. They can now access several categories of technologies that monitor social media and analyse their content. Social media monitoring is being trialled in a global context, and European Union member states in particular are contemplating the extent to which police should adapt to these investigative technologies. This exploratory research draws on a series of interviews to identify the grounds for establishment, set-up and on-going investment costs, and amount of staff required for social media monitoring. It also considers how technological affordances like automated data processing and interoperability are tempered by localised institutional and legal contexts.
Reliability analysis of complex dynamic fault trees based on an adapted K.D. Heidtmann algorithm
Authors: Ge Daochuan , Lin Meng , Yang Yanhua , Zhang Ruoxing , Chou Qiang
Published: July 2015

Dynamic fault tree as a powerful analyzing tool is used to model systems having sequence- and function-dependent failure behaviors. The problem is how to quantify a complex dynamic fault tree where different dynamic gates coexist and are highly coupled. Existing analytical methods for analyzing dynamic fault trees are mainly Markov-based, inclusion–exclusion-based and sequential binary decision diagram–based approaches. Unfortunately, all these methods have their own shortcomings. As to the Markov-based method, it is frequently subjected to the problem of state-space explosion and only applicable for systems having components with exponential time-to-failure distributions. For the inclusion–exclusion-based method, it is often vulnerable to the problem of combinatorial explosion. As to the sequential binary decision diagram method, it cannot be directly applied to a complex dynamic fault tree where dynamic gates are highly coupled together, and its computational efficiency greatly depends on the chosen variable index. In this article, we put forward using an adapted K.D. Heidtmann algorithm to analyze the reliability of a complex dynamic fault tree. To improve the computational efficiency of our proposed method, products are ordered according to their lengths and compositions. To illustrate the applicability and advantages of the proposed method, a case study is analyzed. The results show the proposed method is reasonable and efficient.
Myopia and misrecognition: The impact of managerialism on the management of compliance
Authors: Phillips Jake
Published: July 2015

This article explores the construction of a particular form of compliance in probation practice during a period in which policy shifted from enforcement towards compliance. The article uses four concepts from Bourdieu’s field theory ( habitus, field, misrecognition and symbolic violence) to highlight the way in which the shift in policy was attuned to the subjective structure of probation practitioners’ habitus but resulted in a form of compliance which was myopic in nature and thus did not adhere to what we know about habitus in probation from other research. The article explores this phenomenon through Bourdieu’s notion of misrecognition, suggesting that whilst the policy change was regarded generally positively, it is an example of ‘symbolic violence’. In turn, this tells us about practitioners’ position in the field, which is useful in terms of future analyses of how changes to the delivery of community sanctions will manifest in the coming years.
Beyond Emotion: Love as an Encounter of Myth and Drive
Authors: Lamy Lubomir
Published: July 2015

Starting with a review of research on love as an emotion, with an emphasis on romantic love, it is argued that despite strong emotional correlates evidence is lacking to conclude that love would meet the criteria of basic emotions. Theoretical developments are proposed where love is conceived of as a combination of an objectless drive, a desire for love, and a mythical and scripted representation that offers the possibility of labeling the current core affect. I argue that the basic motive for love is not so much the partner’s personal attributes, but rather the benefits of the transformative power of being in love.
Demystifying the Neuroscience of Love
Authors: Cacioppo Stephanie , Cacioppo John T.
Published: July 2015

Scholars from different disciplines have investigated the nature of love for centuries. It has been only in the past century that social psychologists have begun to scientifically investigate the complexity of love in comparison with other emotions (Hatfield & Rapson, 2009, for review). We laud Lamy (2016) for his thoughtful intentions to pursue this long-lasting tradition and extend his goal to better understand the definition and neural bases of love by focusing on recent scientific evidence from social psychology and neuroscience. The better is our understanding of love, the greater is our respect for its significant role in mental and physical health.
What is This Thing Called Love?
Authors: Jankowiak William R.
Published: July 2015

Lamy probing rich analysis focuses more on the criteria necessary to spark or produce a potential lover’s readiness to “fall in love.” His analysis is silent, however, about the feeling state of congeniality or mutual attachment. This raises the intriguing question: if romantic love requires some form of cognitive realization or awareness of the love object, then does long-time companionship or comfort love anchored in a deep attachment have a similar cognitive horizon?
“Beyond Emotion: Love as an Encounter of Myth and Drive” by Lubomir Lamy
Authors: Marazziti Donatella
Published: July 2015

The author comments on and criticizes some conclusions of the article by Lubomir Lamy entitled “Beyond Emotion: Love as an Encounter of Myth and Drive.” In addition, she shows evidence that love may be considered an integrated neurobiobehavioral process and, as such, regulated by neural systems and circuits that underlie its emotional, cognitive, and behavioral expressions.
Poisoning and overdose
Authors: Silverwood Victoria , Broad Jonathan
Published: July 2015

Poisoning and overdose are an increasingly common problem in the UK, resulting in approximately 140 000 hospital admissions each year. Significantly more patients are assessed and discharged from Emergency Departments or managed in primary care. Accidental and deliberate self-poisoning may involve a variety of substances. This article aims to provide an overview of the common substances involved in poisoning and discusses the assessment and management of patients suffering from either an accidental or deliberate poisoning resulting in an overdose. The focus will be on ingested substances but it is important to recognise the dangers of inhaled poisons and dermal irritants.
Improvement of hand sensibility resulting from application of anaesthetic cream on the forearm: importance of dose and time
Authors: Saleem Shifa , Rosén Birgitta , Engblom Johan , Björkman Anders
Published: July 2015

Introduction

A local anaesthetic cream, EMLA®, applied temporarily to the forearm can improve sensory functions in the hands, both in healthy individuals and in patients with nerve injury. The treatment concept is an example of guided plasticity where the dynamic capacity of the central nervous system is used for therapeutic purposes. However, the optimal dose and duration of the anaesthetic cream is not known and this is addressed here.

Methods

Sixty healthy volunteers participated in this experimental study. They were randomised to one of six groups of 10 and received either 10 g or 20 g of EMLA® on the volar part of the forearm for either 60, 90 or 120 min, respectively. Outcome measures were touch thresholds and discriminative touch in digits II and V.

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement in touch threshold as well as discriminative touch in all six groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the six different dose and duration combinations.

Conclusions

It is concluded that 10 g of EMLA® applied to the volar part of the forearm for 60 min may be adequate to induce improved hand sensibility.
Positioning AT&T: A rhetorical analysis of Arthur W. Page speeches
Authors: Lambert Cheryl Ann , Landau Abra
Published: July 2015

While many American businesses were losing consumer trust during the 1920s and 1930s, American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) maintained a solid reputation. Much of the credit is due to Arthur W. Page, the first vice president of public relations at the mammoth telephone company. Little attention has been paid to the rhetorical strategies Page utilized to construct a compelling image of AT&T in company during that timeframe. In this rhetorical analysis of previously unpublished speeches, we assert that Page shaped company discourse through strategic use of rhetoric. Analysis of his unpublished speeches yielded five themes: conveying company capabilities, embracing societal connectedness, distinguishing AT&T, managing public opinion, and repurposing public relations. Corporate communicators who are currently struggling to gain consumer trust can benefit from understanding the rhetorical strategies that Page employed during a tumultuous time for American business.