bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using external data to incorporate unmeasured confounders: A plasmode simulation study comparing alternative approaches to impute body mass index in a study of the relationship between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Atiquzzaman Mohammad , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Kopec Jacek , Wong Hubert , De Vera Mary A. , Anis Aslam H.
Published: March 2021

Background: Administrative databases do not contain Body Mass Index (BMI) informa- tion. In proportion-based imputation (PBI) technique, a BMI category is assigned to an individual according to the proportions observed in external survey data. Alternatively, BMI can be imputed using Multiple Imputation (MI).
Objectives: To compare MI with PBI to impute BMI variable in osteoarthritis (OA)- cardiovascular disease (CVD) relationship. Research Design: plasmode simulation study. Subjects: used publicly available data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycles 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1. Measures: BMI was set missing for everyone in the 500 simulated data created from CCHS 3.1 data. Dataset compiled from CCHS cycles 1.1 and 2.1 served as the external data (BMI observed). BMI missing in copies of simulated data was imputed using MI and PBI accessing observed BMI information in external data. After imputation, distribution of BMI variable and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) estimated from multivariable logistic regression model were compared.
Results: Compared to PBI, MI produced proportions of individuals closer to the known proportions across the BMI categories except for the overweight category. Considering the known aOR of 1.59 (1.36, 1.82), BMI imputed using MI introduced less bias in OA- CVD association compared to PBI, the aOR was 1.62 (1.39, 1.86) and 1.66 (1.41, 1.90), respectively. Conclusions: This is the first study to compare MI with PBI in the context of imputing BMI information that is not recorded at the database level. MI was superior to imputation method based on population-level proportions in imputing BMI missing for everyone in the simulated datasets.
Transmuted esscher transformed laplace distribution and its application to microarray analysis
Authors: Bindu Punathumparambath
Published: March 2021

Esscher transformed Laplace distribution is a new class of asymmetric heavy tailed distribution. In this article, we generalize the Esscher transformed Laplace distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map to develop transmuted Esscher transformed Laplace distribution. We derived the probability density function of transmuted Esscher transformed Laplace distribution and its various properties were studied. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is employed to estimate the parameters of the proposed distribution and an algorithm in R package is developed to carry out the estimation. Simulation studies for various choices of parameter values were performed to validate the algorithm. Finally, we fitted the transmuted Esscher transformed Laplace, Esscher transformed Laplace and Gaussian distributions to microarray gene expression dataset and compared them.
Awareness and knowledge regarding Rota virus disease and vaccine among healthcare providers in tertiary care settings
Authors: Amna Yousaf Shah  , Syed Hashim Ali Inam  , Shanzay Jamal  , Syed Jarrar Haider  , Mishal Iqbal  , Hamza Jamil
Published: March 2021

Published in May - 2021
Rapid detection of ceftriaxone resistance in clinical isolates of extensively drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Muhammad Luqman Satti  , Faisal Hanif  , Ashfaq Hussain  , Saman Nadeem  , Faryal Younis  , Nadia Midhat Zehra
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To see the efficacy of rapid color test for the sensitivity of ceftriaxone against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Microbiology, Pakistan Navy Ship (PNS) Shifa Hospital, Karachi from Nov 2018 through April 2019.We tested 97 clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi by this rapid color test. All the isolates were also test by conventional disc diffusion method and MICs by Vitek-2 system.
Results: Out of these isolates, 83 were ceftriaxone resistant while 14 isolates were ceftriaxone sensitive. Sensitivity and specificity of rapid color test were 100% when compared with results of disc diffusion, E-test and Vitek 2 system. All the results were readable within 2 hours on color test.
Conclusion: This color test is rapid, accurate and inexpensive and can be used as a screening test for ceftriaxone resistance in typhoid endemic areas.
Keywords: Ceftriaxone; drug resistance; meropenem
Continuous...
Los poderes de los Tribunales Administrativos de Recursos Contractuales en la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público de 2017
Authors: RAZQUIN LIZARRAGA Martín María
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Kontratuen inguruko Errekurtsoei buruzko Auzitegi Administratiboei buruzkoa da lan hau. Organo horiek ez dira judizialak, eta kontratu publikoen arloan egiten diren errekurtsoen ardura daukate. Errekurtsoen inguruko zuzentarau erkideak betetzeko sortu ziren, eta maila estatalean, autonomikoan eta tokikoan sortzen joan dira 2010etik aurrera. Sektore Publikoko Kontratuei buruzko 2017ko Lege berriak nabarmen zabaldu ditu organo horien eskumenak, eta modu esklusiboan ezagutzen duten errekurtso bereziari eragiten dioten aldaketak sartu ditu. Auzitegi Administratibo horien ahalak zeintzuk diren aztertzen da lanean, organo judizial baten ahalekin alderatuz horiek. Eta, administrazio-errekurtso bati dagokiona baino, aurretiko bide erdi-judiziala dela ondorioztatzen da. RESUMEN: El presente trabajo versa sobre los Tribunales Administrativos de Recursos Contractuales, órganos no judiciales responsables de los recursos en materia de contratos públicos. Su creación se realizó en aras al cumplimiento de las Directivas comunitarias de recursos y se han ido instalando a nivel estatal, autonómico y local a partir del año 2010. La nueva Ley de Contratos del Sector Público de 2017 ha ampliado notablemente sus competencias y ha introducido algunas modificaciones que afectan al recurso especial del que conocen de forma exclusiva. El trabajo se centra en analizar cuáles son los poderes de estos Tribunales Administrativos, y lo hace desde su comparación con los poderes de un órgano judicial. Y llega a la conclusión de que se trata de una vía cuasijudicial previa más que la propia de un recurso administrativo. ABSTRACT: This paper deals about the Administrative Courts of Contractual Review Procedures, bodies not judicial responsible for review procedures. Its creation was carried out in compliance with the Community Directives on Review Procedures and has been installed at the state, regional and local level since 2010. The new Act on Public Contracts of 2017 has significantly expanded its competences and introduced some modifications that affect the special review of which they know exclusively. The paper focuses on analyzing what are the powers of these Administrative Courts, and does a comparison with the powers of a judicial body. And it concludes that these Administrative Courts are a prior quasijudicial route rather than an administrative appeal.
Los consorcios en la Ley 2/2016, de 7 de abril, de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi tras la Ley 40/2015, de 1 de octubre, de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público
Authors: ATELA URIARTE Aizbea
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko apirilaren 7ko 2/2016 Legeak ez du zehaztasunez erregulatzen partzuergoen irudiaren izaera juridikoa, eta, bestetik, lege hori indarrean jartzeak baliogabetu egin du oinarrizko legegileak Sektore Publikoaren Araubide Juridikoari buruzko urriaren 1eko 40/2015 Legeari eman zion vacatio legis-a. Bada, bi egitate horiek ziurgabetasuna eragin dute azken lege horrek Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko legearen gainean dituen ondorioen inguruan. Euskadiko tokiko partzuergoen gaur egungo izaera juridikoari hurbilpena egin nahi dio ikerketa honek, Estatuko oinarrizko araudiaren bilakaeraren ikuspegitik, eta partzuergoen eraketak dituen berezitasunak mugatzen lagundu nahi du. RESUMEN: La indefinición con la que la Ley 2/2016, de 7 de abril, de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi, regula la naturaleza jurídica de la figura de los consorcios, unido al hecho de que tras su entrada en vigor concluyera la vacatio legis que el legislador básico otorgó a la Ley 40/2015, de 1 de octubre, de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público, ha propiciado incertidumbre sobre los efectos de esta ley sobre la vasca. Este estudio tiene la pretensión de acercarse a la naturaleza jurídica actual de los consorcios locales vascos desde la perspectiva de la evolución normativa básica estatal y contribuir a delimitar las particularidades de su configuración. ABSTRACT: The lack of definition that Act 2/2016 of April 7th, of Local Entities of Euskadi uses to regulate the legal nature of the institution of consortiums, together with the fact that its entry into force exhausted the vacatio legis granted by the basic legislator to Act 40/2015 of October 1st of the Legal Regime of the Public Service has resulted in uncertainty about the effects of that Act upon the Basque one. This study attempts to approach to the current legal nature of Basque local consortiums from the perspective of the State basic normative evolution and to contribute to pinpoint the particularities of their set up.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK KONSTITUSIONAL BURUH
Authors: Wilma Silalahi
Published: March 2021

Indonesia as a democratic rule of law places the rights of citizens as part of the basic rights guaranteed and protected by the state. The rights of citizens are further regulated in the 1945 Constitution as the highest basic law, hereinafter referred to as constitutional rights. However, in its implementation there are still often violations of labor rights. Over time workers who feel their constitutional rights are impaired by the enactment of norms in the Manpower Act submit a judicial review to the Constitutional Court related to the conception of protecting labor rights. The writing of this article uses the normative legal research method. The conclusion of this article is that the concept of protection of labor rights in legislation that guarantees the constitutional rights of workers or workers' normative rights that can be broadly grouped into four, namely economic rights, political rights, rights that are medical nature, and social rights. Conception of Labor Rights Protection According to the Constitutional Court as reflected in Decision on Case Number 012 / PUU-I / 2003, is an interpretation of the Constitutional Court's law on the 1945 Constitution related to the examination of the Labor Law.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI LUAR PENGADILAN
Authors: Salmudin
Published: March 2021

Sustainable development always causes changes to the environment, which causes damage. In order to resolve problems with those who have polluted the environment, it is done through the courts (Litigation) and through out of court (Non Litigation), while the settlement through the courts, can be done through the means of criminal law, civil law and administrative law . The problem in this article itself is First, how is the settlement of environmental disputes outside the court in civil law matters? Second, what are the obstacles in resolving environmental disputes outside the court? This article uses a normative approach to further analyze data qualitatively. Out-of-Court Dispute Settlement is actually held to reach agreement on the form and the amount of compensation, and / or certain actions, to ensure there is no occurrence or recurrence of negative impacts on the environment. The obstacles that are often faced by the settlement of environmental disputes outside the court are mainly related to the nominal and the form of compensation due to differences in views between pollutants and prosecutors. Another obstacle is the difficulty of administrative law enforcement in the context of environmental management, when faced with administrative decisions in the form of revocation of business licenses that will have a sociological economic impact causing pressure from the community / Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to submit cases of pollution and damage to court hearings.
The Evaluation of Arterial Blood Pressure in Anesthetized Dogs with Xylazine and Ketamine
Authors: ORUÇ Buğra , GAZYAĞCI Serkal
Published: March 2021

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the effects of ketamine combination administered with xylazine used for general anesthesia in dogs on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature.Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 20 dogs, 14 females and 6 males, from various breeds and ages 1 to 5, which undergone elective ovariohysterectomy or castration according to body weights. 1 mg/kg xylazine (xylazine hydrochloride, 23.3mg/ml, Xylazinbio 2% Bioveta®, Czechia) and 10 mg/kg ketamine (ketamine hydrochloride, 100 mg/ml, Ketasol 10% Richter® Pharma Ag, Austria) combination within a single injection with 21G needle were applied intramuscularly. The food and water access were ceased 12 hours before drug administration. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse measurements, and body temperatures were measured 3 times before and 5 times during anesthesia (at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 120th minutes of anesthesia) by using the AM6100 veterinary bedside monitör. Muff was placed to cover 1/3 of the proximal leg and for the artery to be recognizable by the microprocessor. Pulse rates were measured with electrodes connected to the device. Body temperature was measured by a rectal thermometer which was a part of the device. Measurements were taken before anesthesia was considered as control measurements.Results: In systolic blood pressure, the recordings at 0, 15th, 30th mins have been found as statistically significant in relation to 45th, 60th, and 120th (p<0.05). In diastolic blood pressure, there were no significant differences recorded. The change between the preintervention and post-application has been found significant (p<0.001). Body temperature has shown a meaningful change in comparison to the starting point after the readings (p<0.001).Conclusion: Eventually, decreases in blood pressure, heartbeat, and body temperature were observed for the dogs that have been anesthetized with the combination of xylazine-ketamine.
Comparative Study of Different Project Size Estimation Technique for the Development of Software﻿
Authors: Kumar﻿ Dr. Prakash
Published: March 2021

In SDLC (Software development life cycle model) there are various phase we use to develop the software in that the one is planning phase in this phase we use some estimation technique for estimate the Size, Cost, Effort etc for the software. The main objective of software engineering discipline is to develop the software in systematic and discipline manner as per user requirement. And also the software should deliver in time and in budget. To acquiring this feature is called planning of the software i.e. how much it take time and cost to complete and effort required form development is depend on nature of the software. The objective of this paper is to find out advantages and shortcoming of different Size estimation technique. In this paper we compared all traditional approach for size estimation technique.
Development of a Patient-Safety Checklist for Use During Fluoroscopic or Image-Guided, Minimally-Invasive Procedure in the Department of Radiology, Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Urgel Ryan Jason DL. , Elepano Imarzen V.
Published: March 2021

Objective. This study aimed to develop a patient-safety checklist for use during fluoroscopic- or image-guided minimally-invasive procedures in the Department of Radiology, Philippine General Hospital.Methodology. A comparison of the Radiological Patient Safety System (RADPASS) and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Society of Europe (CIRSE) checklists was done. Together with the knowledge of the workflow and through observation of the different procedures in the department, a checklist was developed to suit the appropriate hospital setting. This developed checklist was tested in several procedures, and was evaluated and modified during trial testing.Result. A patient safety checklist for minimally-invasive and fluoroscopic procedures in the Department of Radiology, Philippine General Hospital was developed through the analysis of the workflow of the department, and observation during the data gathering and trial testing phases.Conclusion. This simple tool was developed to ensure that all the necessary details before a procedure have been addressed. It has been made as simple as possible, to make it user-friendly. The developed checklist is a step forward in promoting and ensuring the safety of patients undergoing fluoroscopic and minimally-invasive procedures in the Department of Radiology, PGH.
The Sufi Journey to the Next World
Authors: Ostřanský Bronislav
Published: March 2021

Since the very birth of Islam, the Last Things have become a subject of passionate dispute among Muslims. In addition to the “external” approaches of Islamic jurists and theologians with regard to death, funerals, the Hereafter, etc., Sufis have incorporated sepulchral images into their symbolic ways of expression. This article sets out to precisely discuss such Sufi symbolism and the interpretation has a twofold goal: first, to discuss the emblematic approaches to the Last Things, within the framework of Sufi spiritual legacy. The second objective is to prove that symbolic interpretation of the eschatological journey has its demonstrable “earthly counterpart” within Sufi teaching about the spiritual progress of the human being.
Projected Image of Turkey in Travel Blogs
Authors: BİCAL Adil , OZTURK Mesude Canan
Published: March 2021

Travel and destination information is mostly provided by textual and storytelling communication practices. With the spread of mobile phones, digital tools and Web 2.0, photographs have become an important medium for reflecting destinations. This study analyses how Turkey is visualized and reflected as a destination through photos by the top 100 most-visited travel bloggers. As a result of the research, predictable findings (e.g. the most visited city: Istanbul or the most interesting historical monuments: Sultan Ahmet, Hagia Sophia) were obtained, and unexpected results were also gathered by the researchers. Among these, street cats (31) attract the same level of curiosity as the Topkapi Palace (34), and bloggers shared Cappadocia’s (21%) photos more than all coastal regions involved in intense of tourism (17%). These results imply clues on which destinations or attractions of Turkey should be emphasized and provide some information about Turkey’s image as a destination.
Study on synthesis and characterization of nano scale spinel Mn0.5¬Fe2..5O4 by micro-emulsion method
Authors: Vu The Ninh , Dinh Xuan Loc , Tran Anh Tai
Published: March 2021

The single phase of Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 spinel crystals was prepared by the micro-emulsion method with the oil phase is DGDE (diethylene glycol diethyl ether). The characteristics of the materials have been determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunaure-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Vibration sampling magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the single phase of Fe0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 crystalline was formed due to the substitution of Fe by Mn in the Fe3O4 crystal lattice and single phase spinel crystal is formed with the size of 6.7 nm, specific surface area ≈ 193 m2.g-1, the saturation magnetization reaches ≈ 27 emu.g-1.
El impacto de la exclusión social en los derechos humanos de los sectores vulnerables frente a la crisis económica mundial
Authors: Vega Lilian
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 451-466.
Discurso de James McGovern, representante del Congreso de EE. UU., en el acto de entrega del Doctorado Honoris Causa en Derechos Humanos por parte de la UCA
Authors: McGovern James Patrick
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 471-474.
Discurso del presidente de la República, Mauricio Funes, en el acto de entrega de la Orden al Mérito José Matías Delgado
Authors: Funes Mauricio
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 475-477.
ENGLISH: Islamic View on Right to Equal Opportunity to Work for Female Ex-Offenders and Pakistan's International Obligation for Provision of Equal Opportunities for Work
Authors: Khan Abida Sikander , Zia Prof. Dr. Farkhanda
Published: March 2021

Women in Muslim society faces obstacles to get employment since it is generally assumed that Islam does not allow women to work as their responsibility is to be shouldered by men. This misapprehension leads to issue of gender discrimination in employment and situation get further worse when women hold criminal record. Therefore this paper sheds lights on Islamic view of gender equality while taking into consideration the natural difference exist between man and woman. Then the study aims to discuss that Shariah recognizes human rights of women in Islam and allows women to work as there is no explicit Quranic verse or tradition which ban jobs of women. The article further elaborates that women with previous criminal record are abandoned by the society and their families which further substantiate their right of to get employment in order to meet their ends. The article further encompasses discussion of conflicting interest of ex-offender women and society and how the same can be settled with harmony while applying principles of Islamic jurisprudence.  The article has referred verses of the Qur’an, Sunnah of the Prophet (S.A.W.) practices of caliphs⁎ and opinion of Muslim jurists to enrich the legal analysis. The articles also encompasses Pakistan’s international obligation for provision of equal opportunities to work for all without discrimination to give an insight about basis to claim right to work for female offenders.
ARABIC: تغيير الفتوى بمقتضيات الزمان والمكان
Authors: Abed Dr. Abdul Wadood , Modaqiq Dr. Hedayatullah
Published: March 2021

Islamic law, by having features in its principles that are fixed and variable, expresses its authority in any situation and time. Of course, this feature reflects the unique legislative miracle of Islam itself. The source of Islamic law is divine and heavenly, so it has always descended directly through the revelation of Allah Almighty, the Lord of the worlds, and has been arranged according to His wisdom and providence and has been considered in the context of time and place according to their nature and needs. Changing of a fatwa is the change of one rule in a specific issue to another one along with a Sharia cause that agrees with the aims and purposes of the Sharia. Therefore, there is no change in the prescribed rules and the fixed principles of Shari, but Ijtihad, Qiyas and expedient rules can be changed; Because there are many rulings that have been permitted for expediency, after the passage of time and the change of place have led to corruption, which again has become impermissible. The rule of fatwa changing has been valid in the Sharia; Because, on the one hand, the Companions and their followers have used it in their ijtihad fatwas, and on the other hand, Islamic jurisprudence is a developmental debate that progresses together with the caravan of life, no awareness of the demands of time, place and scientific development is synonymous with depriving the Islamic Ummah from virtues and facilities of life, so it is necessary that the change of the fatwa has to be compatible to the change of expediencies, otherwise it will lead to corruption and harm. Statement of the problem: The Islamic jurists have divided the Islamic rules into fixed and variable. This means that the prescribed laws, which are in harmony with meek nature, do not accept changes but the rules which are based on ijtihad can be changed. The discussion of changing the fatwa and its temporal and spatial factors is one of the important issues of jurisprudence that scholars have paid attention to and therefore the answer to these two questions is necessary for the researcher whether changing the fatwa is permissible? Are the requirements of time and place effective in its changing?
URDU: علاج معالجے کے سلسلے میں خواتین کو درپیش مشکلات ومسائل اوران کاحل (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں)
Authors: Achakzai Prof. Dr. Abdul Ali , Dr. Syed Bacha Agha
Published: March 2021

Since diseases have been a part of human life, Islam has also prescribed cures for various diseases, as stated by the Prophet: "Allah Almighty has not revealed any such disease, but He has also revealed its cure." In a healthy society and in order to perform one's duties effectively in the family affairs, it is very important for the women to be healthy. Therefore, the Shari'ah has laid great emphasis on the treatment and cure of women, because there are different types of diseases, but there are some diseases that are specific only to them, these diseases cause physical and psychological changes in women. The slightest omission and carelessness in the meanwhile gives rise to many dangerous diseases and not only that, but it also affects their worship. Some of these diseases are as: Menstruation, postpartum, istihaza, licorice, pregnancy diseases, infertility, contraception, abortion, etc. Apart from the specific diseases mentioned above, women may face many difficulties in the treatment of common ailments. In view of these difficulties, Islam has given clear injunctions. There are also clear guidelines for physicians treating women. The purpose of this article is to cover all of them.
Enfermedad meningocócica: epidemiología, diagnóstico y vacunación
Authors: Groves Pinett Marla , Abdelnour Arturo , Soley Carolina , Arguedas Mohs Adriano
Published: March 2021

"La enfermedad meningocócica invasiva causada por N. meningitidis es un problema global de salud pública, por su alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Esta patología es causada en su mayoría por los serogrupos A, B, C, W-135 e Y. La prevención mediante la vacunación es la mejor herramienta para disminuir la carga mundial de esta enfermedad. Las vacunas no conjugadas que toman como base solo el polisacárido externo, aun cuando son beneficiosas en epidemias, producen pobre inmunogenicidad a largo plazo en los niños menores de dos años de edad, que representan la población de mayor riesgo. Las vacunas de nueva generación, en donde el polisacárido es conjugado con proteínas transportadoras, producen respuesta inmune en niños menores de 2 años, lo cual podría producir una reducción importante de la enfermedad en esta población de alto riesgo..."
Revisión Sistemática de indicadores de deseméño hospitalario
Authors: Morera Salas Melvin
Published: March 2021

"El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar indicadores de gestión hospitalaria con suficiente evidencia científica para que sean susceptibles de ser aplicados al grupo de hospitales de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social."
Análisis del manejo quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Hirschprung en el Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera, durante el período 2000-2010
Authors: García Arias Fabían , Ceciliano Romero Norma
Published: March 2021

"La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es causa de obstrucción intestinal baja en neonatos. Se caracteriza por ausencia de inervación en un segmento intestinal. El tratamiento radica en la resección de ese segmento intestinal enfermo para permitir el funcionamiento correcto del intestino sano. Se analizó el manejo de esta patología en el Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera, durante el periodo 2000 -2010 y su epidemiología."
Mecanismos de acción y resistencia a glucocorticoides en asma y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Authors: González Alcibey Alvarado , Jiménez Isabel Arce
Published: March 2021

"El asma bronquial y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica son dos problemas mayores de salud: su incidencia se encuentra en aumento y representan, indiscutiblemente, una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Los glucocorticoides se han posicionadocomo la droga de elección en el tratamiento de padecimientos inmunológicos e inflamatorios crónicos, como el asma bronquial y la enfermedad obstructiva crónica. Estas drogas suprimen la inflamación en múltiples vías moleculares, característica que les confiere destacada eficacia."
Cuestionario de autoevaluación
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Cuestionario de autoevaluación
Dr. Francisco Bolaños Araya
Authors: Baixench Dr. Carlos Arrea
Published: March 2021

Escribir sobre el Dr. Francisco Bolaños Araya es, para mí, confortante y a la vez inquietante, porque fui su amigo, su discípulo y su admirador, circunstancias que podrían sesgar mis opiniones. Al hacerlo, pretendo que los médicos jóvenes conozcan a un profesional de gran vocación quien, en un pequeño hospital de madera, y en una Costa Rica que era muy diferente a la actual, donde los médicos no contábamos con: resonancias magnéticas, tomografías computarizadas,
Manejo no adecuado del dolor por cáncer en Costa Rica: ¿Un problema de formación académica?
Authors: Bermúdez Alejandro Vargas
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo original fue “evaluar el conocimiento de un grupo de médicos residentes del programa de especialidades médicas sobre las pautas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el tratamiento del dolor en los pacientes con cáncer.” Para ello los autores pasaron un cuestionario anónimo y auto administrado a 70 médicos residentes del Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. Concluyen los autores que “existe un serio problema de conocimiento por parte de los médicos residentes analizados sobre los pilares claves en el adecuado tratamiento analgésico del paciente con cáncer.”
Recolección de células madre en sangre periférica mediante aféresis de grandes volúmenes
Authors: Salas Greivin Zumbado , Pineda Miguel Rodríguez , Camacho Xinia Rojas , Solano Carlos Rojas , Álvarez Hever Herrera
Published: March 2021

“El uso de altas dosis de quimioterapia, seguidas de un trasplante autólogo de precursores hematopoyéticos de sangre periférica, se ha convertido en un tratamiento de gran importancia para muchas malignidades hematológicas como mieloma múltiple, linfoma Hodgkin, linfoma no Hodgkin. El hecho de que exista una dosis mínima de células progenitoras que indiquen la posibilidad de éxito del injerto, y que esta dependa de múltiples factores que deben ser monitoreados antes y durante las recolecciones de precursores hematopoyéticos, son las razones que motivan este trabajo, para analizar el rendimiento y la calidad de las recolecciones realizadas a los pacientes del Servicio de Hematología del Hospital México.” Luego de analizar los datos de 52 procedimientos realizados en 26 pacientes, concluyen los autores que “la recuperación hematológica evaluada mostró ser similar a la descrita en otras publicaciones, por lo que el procedimiento de recolección sumado al procedimiento médico postrasplante resultan satisfactorios, pero el único parámetro obtenido en la recolección que permitió establecer un buen pronóstico en la recuperación del trasplantado, fue la dosis de células CD34+/kg infundidas.”
Primer caso reportado de trombocitopenia fetal aloinmune en primigesta
Authors: Fernández Leonardo Jiménez , Masis Alexander Céspedes , Mangel Kay-Uwe Sander
Published: March 2021

La trombocitopenia fetal aloinmune es una condición potencialmente dañina, que puede conducir a la hemorragia intracraneal en el feto o el recién nacido. Ante la ausencia de programas de tamizaje, las medidas preventivas solo son posibles en el siguiente embarazo de mujeres con un niño afectado. Existe controversia sobre la mejor intervención para minimizar el riesgo de hemorragia intracraneal. Se recomienda tratar prenatalmente con inmunoglobulina y esteroides, y se sugiere descontinuar el uso de cordocentesis seriadas. No existen guías de cómo tratar una primigesta, como el caso que se presenta a continuación con esta patología, ni publicaciones de casos similares.
Posición de la Academia Nacional de Medicina sobre el tema de violencia obstétrica
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

La atención de la labor y el parto es una actividad que debe ser ejecutada por un equipo interdisciplinario que asista a la madre en el proceso y asegure el bienestar de ella y de su(s) hijo(s). Con frecuencia ocurren crisis no anticipadas que atentan contra la vida de la madre y su(s) feto(s) y que, por tanto, requieren una respuesta inmediata de parte de profesionales de la salud y su personal de apoyo. La presencia de profesionales capacitados reduce los riesgos de morbimortalidad del binomio madre - hijo.
De Tutankamón de Tebas a la genómica y biología molecular
Authors: Benavides Teodoro Evans
Published: March 2021

Uno de los hechos históricos más sobresalientes de la Egiptología ha sido el descubrimiento de la tumba de Tutankamón, casi intacta, por Howard Carter (1922), luego de años de investigar en la Necrópolis del Valle de los Reyes, en Tebas (Luxor), en la margen oriental del río Nilo. El mecenas de Carter fue Lord Earl de Carnavon, por años. El descubrimiento de la entrada a la tumba de Tutankamón, accidentalmente fue realizado por Hussein Abdel Rasoul, un niño de 10 años que llevaba agua a los obreros de Carter y se tropezó con la entrada a las gradas que iban a la tumba, y se encontraban cubiertas por arena.
Efectos del riluzol en la evolución clínica y sobrevida de los pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica en Costa Rica
Authors: Cubillo Karla Abadía , Cascante Cindy Díaz , Acuña Carolina Granados , Cordero José Castro , Herrera Isaías Salas
Published: March 2021

Justificación y objetivo: en la actualidad no se ha publicado un estudio que permita conocer el uso del riluzol en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica en Costa Rica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del riluzol en la evolución clínica y sobrevida de los pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica atendidos en el Centro Nacional de Control del Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos.
Análisis de causas de reingreso en pacientes histerectomizadas
Authors: Lejarza Sandra Vargas , Blanco Vivian Villagra
Published: March 2021

Analizar las causas más frecuentes de reingreso de las pacientes posthisterectomía del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital México, entre enero 2009 y diciembre 2011.
Pioderma gangrenoso ulceroso asociado a artritis reumatoide: reporte de caso
Authors: Ramírez Elizabeth Acón , Ruiz Daniel Arguello
Published: March 2021

El pioderma gangrenoso corresponde a una dermatosis crónica inflamatoria rara, cuya etiología y patogénesis es aún incierta, aunque factores inmunológicos y disfunción neutrofílica parecen desempeñar un papel importante. Se presenta en la mayoría de los casos asociada a enfermedad sistémica no infecciosa, como artritis reumatoide, malignidad hematológica y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Es más común en mujeres entre la tercera y quinta década de la vida y puede presentarse como cuatro variantes clínicas distintas que conllevan a ulceración de la piel, con topografía predominante a nivel de extremidades inferiores. Su diagnóstico es meramente clínico y de exclusión y el tratamiento a menudo amerita medidas locales y sistémicas.
Comparación de recidiva posterior a hernioplastía diafragmática con cierre directo versus colocación de parche
Authors: Corrales González Daniela , Ceciliano Romero Norma
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: investigar con cuál técnica quirúrgica, cierre directo o con parche de Goretex, las hernias diafragmáticas congénitas operadas tienen más recidiva.

Metodología: los datos de los pacientes sometidos a reparación por hernia diafragmática congénita en el Hospital Nacional de Niños, entre enero 2008 y el 31 diciembre de 2017, fueron revisados retrospectivamente. De los 94 pacientes, solo 59 cumplen con los criterios de inclusión. Para la comparación de las variables cuantitativas se empleó pruebas de T de Student e intervalos deconfianza al 95 %; las variables cualitativas se analizaron por la prueba de Fisher con un nivel de significancia de 0,05.

Resultados: la mayoría de las hernias diafragmáticas operadas fueron izquierdas (78 %) y posterolaterales (91 %). La técnica de reparación más frecuente utilizada fue el cierre directo (68%). Hubo más recidivas posteriores a cierre con parche de Goretex. Se presentaron entre 1 y 12 meses postoperatorio. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre recidivas con técnica de cierre directo versus cierre con parche de Goretex.

Conclusión: realizar un cierre directo del diafragma es una buena opción quirúrgica para reparación de hernia diafragmática congénita. No hubo en este estudio diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a recidiva entre utilizar técnica con cierre directo o con parche.

Descriptores: parche Goretex, cierre directo, hernia diafragmática congénita
Codeine for Acute Dental Pain and Acute Pain Related to Dental Procedures
Authors: Khangura Sara D. , Argáez Charlene
Published: March 2021

Two overviews of systematic reviews, 4 systematic reviews, and 9 randomized controlled trials were identified comparing codeine or codeine combination drugs with placebo and/or other drugs in the management of acute dental pain.

As compared to placebo, codeine was generally shown to offer a benefit to patients experiencing acute dental pain.

When compared to other drugs and/or drug combinations — particularly those that were acetaminophen- or ibuprofen-based — codeine generally was not found to be as clinically effective for the management of acute dental pain, with the potential exception of tooth sensitivity following dental bleaching, where 1 study reported that acetaminophen plus codeine was statistically significantly superior to ibuprofen or placebo.

Increased adverse events were observed with codeine-containing drugs as compared to other drugs and/or placebo.

Studies included in this review demonstrated both strengths and limitations, some of which limit the extent to which the findings from these studies were relevant to this report and/or can be generalized.
Infraestrutura de recarga de bateria e subsídios e incentivos fiscais: condições chave para a difusão do carro elétrico
Authors: Nascimento Martins Claudia
Published: March 2021

No início da indústria automobilística os carros movidos a vapor, a eletricidade e a combustão interna eram opções de uso e concorriam entre si, mas o surgimento de uma infraestrutura de abastecimento própria para os carros a gasolina, tornaram esses carros dominantes. Com as questões ambientais em evidência, os desafios para difundir o carro puramente elétrico ultrapassam questões técnicas, considerando que inovações e desenvolvimento vêm ocorrendo. A necessidade de infraestrutura de recarga da bateria, como também de incentivos fiscais e subsídios para torná-lo atraente ao consumidor são analisados neste artigo, que é parte da tese doutoral produzida no PPED-IE-UFRJ.
Las variedades de capitalismo: desarrollos teóricos y evidencia empírica en el contexto de los gobiernos progresistas del Cono Sur de América Latina
Authors: Busquets José Miguel , Schenck Marcela , Pose Nicolás
Published: March 2021

Este artículo propone un balance de los desarrollos teóricos sobre variedades de capitalismo: primera, segunda y tercera ola. En segundo lugar, se analiza empíricamente que tipo de capitalismo se está construyendo en Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay, y finalmente, qué desafíos institucionales tienen los países del Cono Sur.
Ativismo Burocrático, Políticas Sociais Intersetoriais e os Desafios da Inclusão Produtiva no Brasil
Authors: Provasi Lanzara Arnaldo
Published: March 2021

O caráter heterogêneo do mercado de trabalho no Brasil requer a articulação de políticas públicas que promovam a qualificação profissional dos grupos sem acesso à renda do trabalho. Este artigo analisa como o governo brasileiro, durante o triênio 2011 e 2013, enfrentou os desafios colocados por essa necessária articulação. Programas criados pelo governo brasileiro naquela ocasião, como o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e ao Emprego (Pronatec), atestaram a efetividade das iniciativas intersetoriais no âmbito da qualificação profissional, mobilizando diversas burocracias relacionadas aos setores de política social em torno dos objetivos da inclusão produtiva.
Estado e concentração de capital no nacional-desenvolvimentismo
Authors: Ianoni Marcus
Published: March 2021

Estas notas de pesquisa dedicam-se ao tema da relação do Estado com a concentração de capital e perseguem dois caminhos para abordá-lo. Por um lado, há um breve resgate teórico do tema da concentração de capital na economia política de enraizamento clássico, situada no marxismo e no pensamento desenvolvimentista crítico da ortodoxia neoclássica. Por outro lado, há também uma breve descrição e análise da concentração de capital no período nacional-desenvolvimentista brasileiro, que se abriu desde a Revolução de 1930 e entrou em crise derradeira na década de 1980. Mas esta breve exposição abrange apenas o espaço temporal entre 1930 e 1964.
Vantagens Competitivas Institucionais de Bancos Públicos
Authors: Mettenheim Kurt
Published: March 2021

Este artigo utiliza conceitos e teorias sobre instituições, falhas de mercado, e bancos para explicar como bancos públicos tendem a superar bancos privados em funções essenciais como o custo de operações, o balanceamento de ativos e passivos, a criação de reservas, a gestão de liquidez, a manutenção da confiança de depositantes e do público em geral, a gestão de problemas relacionados à assimetria de informações, aos custos de agência, ao racionamento de crédito, à drenagem de capital, e outras falhas de mercado e fenômenos importantes de economia política.
The role of state in the banking industry: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Vernikov Andrei
Published: March 2021

The article examines the role of the state in the Russian banking industry. Statistical data illustrates the market share of public banks and its dynamics over the past 25 years. We show the impact of public banks on the lending to non-financial companies, and particularly longer-term lending. Empirical findings suggest that it terms of profitability and technical efficiency the core public banks are not necessarily worse than privately held institutions. Finally, the author compares the macro-level structure and the core institutions of the banking systems in China and Russia and suggests that these are typologically more similar than different.
Limits of VoC and institutional complementarities in the semi-periphery: comparative analysis of reforms in Brazil and India
Authors: Vieira Santa Carlos Henriquena
Published: March 2021

In VoC theories, adopted in OECD countries, the state does not fulfill an important role in the productive system. On the other hand, by analyzing the trajectory of the semi-periphery countries, there is no way to describe the mechanisms of institutional complementarity without holding the state in the center of the model. That’s the trajectories of Brazil and India. To evaluate the role of the state as a strategic actor in semiperipheral institutional complementarity this proposal suggests analyze the role of the state in the commanding heights of economic liberalization. In particular, the role of public banks and pension funds as anti-cyclical and coordinators actors of the new corporate ownership restructuring and external insertion adopted by large conglomerates in Brasil and India in the past ten years. Understanding this is crucial to point out the limits of theories of varieties of capitalism, providing assistance to expand its analytical scope.
MEIOS DE HOSPEDAGEM AMBIENTALMENTE SUSTENTÁVEIS
Authors: Nascimento Débora , de Abreu Cabianca Maria Angela , Cavenaghi Airton José
Published: March 2021

O setor hoteleiro é composto por um grupo de atividades que impactam o meio ambiente, consomem recursos naturais e produzem resíduos. A busca de um modelo de turismo que combine o cuidado com o meio ambiente e o crescimento econômico tem aumentado no setor. As medidas mais frequentes adotadas pelo ramo hoteleiro ao abordar o problema são incentivos para criar maior consciência e participação dos funcionários em ações sustentáveis, cuidado com o uso de recursos naturais, tratamento adequado dos resíduos sólidos e preferência do uso de recursos locais. Este estudo busca identificar as ações voltadas à sustentabilidade adotadas por alguns hotéis na cidade de São Paulo, para isso utilizou-se do método quali quantitativo que englobou uma busca bibliográfica focada e uma pesquisa de campo a três meios de hospedagem na cidade de São Paulo. Com as pesquisas citadas foi possível entender os motivos pelo qual esses empreendedores utilizaram tecnologias limpas, e as maiores dificuldades para mantê-las e para implementá-las.
PROPUESTA DE ADAPTACIÓN DE LA CERTIFICACIÓN “BANDERA AZUL” EN LAS PLAYAS DE EL SALVADOR, CENTROAMÉRICA
Authors: Cevallos Andrade Avi David , Mendoza Sabando Ligia Marcela , Urquilla Prieto Linda Claudina María
Published: March 2021

Las playas turísticas con certificaciones de calidad son recursos de alta importancia económica y ambiental. Las certificaciones en litorales fueron creadas para proteger recursos naturales tan importantes como la playa y para gestionar y promover una calidad turística de alto nivel. Pese a que, muchas veces dentro de América Latina las playas suelen ser la primera fuente generadora de ingresos para las comunidades en perfiles costeros no se les da el cuidado o no se realza la importancia de estas. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos el realizar una propuesta de adaptación de los criterios Bandera Azul según la Federación de Educación Ambiental enfocados a El Salvador con los criterios mínimos a cumplir, asimismo, exponer los beneficios de playas certificadas entre los cuales se enlistan el fortalecimiento de la planta turística, sostenibilidad ambiental para las comunidades y para el Gobierno al contar con una playa que hace de marca para la oferta nacional e internacional, dentro de la propuesta de adaptación se consideraron 21 criterios que cumplir de manera obligatoria y aconsejada, la factibilidad del proyecto se dio gracias a las entrevistas realizadas en donde se pudo comprobar la intención de apoyo de parte de la Corporación Salvadoreña de Turismo y el sector privado junto a académicos de ser partícipes; finalmente esta trabajo sirve como base investigativa para la puesta en marcha de la certificación en playas salvadoreñas en el futuro.