bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CATFISH POND EFFLUENTS DISCHARGES ON SUBSURFACE WATER IN NIGERIA
Authors: OMOFUNMI O E , Olasunkanmi J B , Akinsorotan A M
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the impact of catfish pond effluents discharges on the quality of subsurface water where five catfish farms were located. Water samples were taken at depth of 0 â€“ 200 cm and at intervals of 50 cm distance of each water source from neighbouring fishponds. Water quality indicators- pH, Turbidity (TB), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total alkalinity (TA), Total hardness (TH), Specific conductance (SC), Chloride (Cl), Total nitrogen (TNO3), iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and phosphate (PO4) were measured. The samples were examined in accordance with the standard methods described by the American Public Health Association (APHA). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that 100% of the water samples tested recorded turbidity levels exceeding the safe limit for drinking water. In 75% of the samples, iron concentration exceeded the recommended limit of 0.3mg/l for drinking water. The pH and manganese levels of water were between 7.70 â€“ 8.10 and 0.11 â€“ 0.12 mg/l respectively and as such are within permissible range of 6.5 â€“ 8.5 and 0.2 mg/l respectively for drinking water. Other parameters except BOD5 did not exceed the recommended limits for drinking water.Â  The water quality in swampy areas was significantly higher (p â‰¥0.05) than that of the inter-land. The discharge of catfish pond effluents did not significantly impact water quality for fish production, but it rendered water unsafe for human consumption. The findings indicated that improper discharge of catfish pond effluents into the environment could result into environmental contamination and thus render water unsafe for human consumption. Hence, subsurface water located close to neighbouring fish ponds should be treated before its usage for human consumption.
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS IN MALE ALBINO RATS TREATED WITH METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF Cola acuminate
Authors: Adika O A , Abatan M O
Published: April 2024

This study focused on Cola acuminata seed effect on semen characteristics and sperm morphology in the male albino rat (wistar strain). Fifteen male Albino rats (Wistar strain) were used for this study weighing between 80g and 120g and aged between 16 and 20 weeks. These rats were randomly assigned to three groups A, B and C. Group A were treated with C. acuminata 500mg/kg, Group B were treated with 1500mg/kg and the Group C served as the control. They were all treated for 14 days. The result showed that the percentage motility of sperm cells for group A (54.0Â±2.45) and B (52.0Â±3.74) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that forÂ  group C Â (94.0Â±1). The percentage motility at group A (54.0Â±2.45) compare to group B (52.0Â±3.74) was not significant (P>0.05). The sperm count for group A (74.8Â±2.97 Ã— 106 sperm cells/ml) and group B (67.8Â±1.32 Ã— 10 6 sperm cells/ml) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than for group C (137.8Â±4.176 Ã— 106 sperm cells/ml). The mean percentage liveability followed the pattern as sperm motility, where Group A (97.4 Â± 0.6) and B (96.8 Â± 0.73) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the group C value (97.4 Â± 0.6). The Testicular histopathological study revealed moderate necrosis with a few of numerous seminiferous tubules showing mild loss of the basal germinal epithelium andÂ  the seminiferous tubules having lesser cellularity than would be expected and variably sized when compared to the control. Based on the study,it can be concluded that the consumption of C. acuminata seed has a deleterious effect on sperm characteristics and sperm morphology.
EVALUATION OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS AROUND DUMPSITES IN ADO-EKITI, NIGERIA
Authors: Omofunmi Olorunwa Eric , Satimehin A A , Olasunkanmi B J , Akinsorotan Ademola Michael , Oloye O A , Umego M O , Ogunleye K S
Published: April 2024

This study examined the effect of dumpsites on ground and surface water qualities. Study water samples were collected at selected zones and designated as A, B and C for both the ground and surface water respectively. Leachates were collected at dumpsites in the zones. Physicochemical properties of samples examined were pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity (TD), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulphate (SO4), Chloride (Cl), and Nitrate NO3) concentration. Physical and chemical properties of samples were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association (APHA) standards. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings indicated that the ground and surface water that were closer to dumpsites had EC; 385Sd/cm and 245 Sd/cm; TDS; 168 mg/L and 128 mg/L, TD (4.6 NTU and 22 NTU, TA; 103 mg/L and 50 mg/L, TH; 120 mg/L and 80 mg/L, Ca; 44 mg/L and 14 mg/L, Mg; 0.2 mg/L and 15 mg/L, SO4; 4 mg/L and 42 mg/L,Â  Cl 38 mg/L and 16 mg/L, NO3; 6 mg/LÂ  and 8 mg/L, respectively.Â  The ground and surface water that were closer to dumpsites therefore had high elevated physicochemical properties than for those that were far off the dumpsite and were significantly different (p Â 0.05).Â  Hence, the closer the groundwater and surface water to dumpsites, the greater the effect of the dumpsite on the water physicochemical properties The concentration of the pH of leachate serves as an indicator for the age and mineralization status of the dumpsites. It influences the other chemical properties of the leachate. The findings indicated that the concentration of the leachate inversely proportional to the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sulphate.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY AND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOURS: EVIDENCE FROM FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: BABATUNDE R O , Audu R O , Omoniwa Adeyemi
Published: April 2024

This study examined the relationship between multidimensional poverty and health seeking behaviour among farming households in Kwara State Nigeria. A three stage sampling technique was employed to select 200 farming households in the study area. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Multinomial logit and the Ordinary Least Square regression models were the major analytical tools employed for the study. The result showed that multidimensional poverty significantly affects the health seeking behaviour of farming households. This was in term of place of consultation, timing of consultation and cost of assessing healthcare. The study therefore recommended that, government at all levels should design specific Community Based Health Insurance Scheme targeted at the rural poor. For communities where this exists, it should be restructured to accommodate more rural poor.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) USE AMONG AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Egbunonu C M , Igwe E G , Anunibe C
Published: April 2024

This study examined ICTs use among Agricultural Extension Workers in Imo state, Nigeria. Eighty-five percent of the respondents were sampled using simple random sampling to give a total of one hundred and thirty-two respondents for the study. Data were collected using the Â Â questionnaire that relates to the objectives of the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that ICT infrastructures were available (60%) to the extension agents. Extension agents have access to radio (89.1%), television (73.3%), computer (9.9%), internet (4%), telephone (79.2%), video (50.5%), e-mail (27.7%), CD-ROM (2%) and printer (8.9%). However, the ICT infrastructure that is mostly utilized by the extension agents on daily basis was the radio (80.2%) with a mean value of 1.91 indicating high usage of radio by the extension agents, This was followed by television (72.3%) with a mean value of 1.89. However, ipod was identified as the least ICT infrastructure being utilized on daily basis by the extension agents. This implies that ipod has not been integrated into the respondentsâ€™ daily activities. This shows that the extension agents have not integrated ICT use in their daily routine (26.7%) and they are not duly trained to access ICT facilities. Hence adequate training and instruction should be given to extension agents on use of ICT facilities on quarterly basis.
EFFECTS OF ASSET OWNERSHIP ON POVERTY STATUS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN IJEBU-ODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Adekunle C P , Adekanmbi A A , Oniorisan W O , Oyedepo E O
Published: April 2024

The study examined the effect of asset ownership on the poverty status of rural households in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 109 rural households in the study area. The study utilized primary data collected with the aid of well structure questionnaire.Â  Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Principal Component Analyses (PCA), Asset Incidence, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index, and the logit regression model. Asset Incidence results revealed that transport assets, followed by agricultural production assets, domestic assets and animal assets showed wide gender asset gaps in favor of men while productive assets shows a wide gender asset gap in favor of women.. FGT results showed that 59.6% of the respondents were poor while 40.4% were non poor. The result of the logit regression shows that poverty incidence reduced with asset ownership (p<0.01), and a higher level of income (p<0.01). The study therefore concluded that good percentages of the respondents were poor and that poverty level reduced with ownership of assets and increase in income. The study therefore recommends that rural households be sensitized on the importance of asset ownership and engaged in activities that will increase their incomes
CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF ANALOGUE RICE PRODUCED FROM MAIZE GRITS AND HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA FLOUR BLENDS
Authors: Karim Olayinka Ramota , G Olapade , W AWOYALE , B Maziya-Dixon , S Oyeyinka , I Olawuyi
Published: April 2024

In order to reduce the large quantity of rice imported into Nigeria on a yearly basis, there is the need to get an alternative food that resembles rice to meet domestic requirement and food diversification. This work was therefore designed to determine the chemical, functional and sensory properties of analogue rice (ARC) produced from five blends of maize grits and high quality cassava flour (HQCF) using standard methods. The sensory qualities and consumer acceptability of the ARC were compared with imported rice. Significant differences (p<0.05) existed between the chemical and functional properties of the ARC and reference samples, though most of the values are within the acceptable levels for rice grain and cassava products. The moisture (3.68% to 5.34%); ash (0.50 to 0.68%); fibre (1.57 to 2.47%) and oil absorption capacity (1.75to 2.00%) values were reducing, while the carbohydrate; (85.18 to 86.12 %); cyanogenic potentials (8.22 to 9.35mgHCN/kg); water (2.50 to 3.10%) and swelling absorption (9.85 to 12.04%) capacities were increasing as the level of HQCF increases. The sensory and consumer acceptability results showed that the ARC from 75% maize grits and 25% HQCF blend was the most preferred.
EFFECT OF ADAPTIVE YAM MINISETT TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON YAM FARMERSâ€™ INCOME IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT) OF NIGERIA
Authors: Otene Nathaniel Ugbede , V Otene A , S Onwuaroh A , S Adejoh O
Published: April 2024

This study examined the adoption of Adaptive Yam Minisett Technology on yam farmersâ€™ income in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Yam farmers who adopted Adaptive Yam Minisett Technology in the FCT formed the population of the study, and a sample of 153 respondents were selected using a three-stage random sampling technique. Primary data were used for this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency counts, percentages, mean and z-test. Research findings revealed there were more male yam farmers (76%), and the mean age of the respondents was 39.2 years. About 80% of the respondents have had one form of formal education or the other. The farmers have had an average of 23.2 years of yam farming experience. The average yam farm size was 0.77ha while the Net Farm Income of yam farmers after adopting AYMT (N63,533,560.00)(US $254,154) was higher than the Net Farm Income of yam farmers before adopting AYMT (N45,491,830.00)(US$181967). The result of the z-test revealed that there was a significant difference (z=11.7705) between the farm incomes of farmers before and after adopting adaptive yam minisetts technology at 1% probability. This study recommends that Agricultural extension agents be deployed and adequately motivated to encourage more female farmers to adopt Adaptive Yam Minisett Technology, lending institution should provide low interest rate loans to farmers who are willing to adopt Adaptive Yam Minisett Technology because it is a profitable enterprise.
RESPONSE OF â€˜BELL PEPPERâ€™ TO L-METHIONINE AND POULTRY MANURE ENRICHED SOIL
Authors: ADEKOLA F O , KAREEM I , AMUPITAN O B
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the performance of bell pepper (Capsicum annum) grown on L-Methionine and poultry enriched soil.Â  The field experiment conducted at the University of Ilorin Vegetable Plot was a randomized complete block design with six treatments. The first and second treatments contained 1 mg/kg and 1.5mg/kg L-Met. Treatment three and four had 1 mg/kg and 1.5mg/kg L-Met. Combined with 4 tons/ha poultry manure respectively. The fifth treatment wasÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  4 tons/ha poultry manure while the sixth treatment was the control. All the treatments were three blocks as replicates.Â  Data were collected on growth and reproductive parameters of pepper from one week after transplanting. Data were subjected to Analysis of variance using the Statistical Package for Social Science (Version 20). Mean Â± S..E were separated using Turkeyâ€™s studentized range test (HSD) at probability level of 0.05. Results showed that bell pepper grown on soil enriched with L-Met.and poultry manure performed better than those grown on soil enriched with either L-Met. only or the control in terms of number of leaves and number of branches/ plant, fruit length, fruit weight and fruit yield/plot. Flowering and fruiting were initiated and formed earlier in plants grown on soil enriched with 1.5 mg/kg L-Met. And poultry manure. The study concludes that the application of 1.5 mg/kg L-Met and 4 tons/ha poultry manure had significant effect on performance of bell pepper and thus has potential of improving pepper production. Therefore, it is recommended for adoption in bell pepper production in Nigeria and other developing nations.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL SCALE FISH FARMING IN NIGER STATE
Authors: Adeniji O B , Tsado J H , Tologbonse M
Published: April 2024

Â This study examined economic analysis of small scale fish farmers in Niger state, the objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of small scale fish farmers, the inputâ€“output relationship, the profitability as well as to identify constraints faced by fish farmers. A total of 60 respondents were purposely selected from three local government areas, from two agricultural zones namely zone I and II. Structured questionnaire was administered in line with the objectives of the study. Data collected were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple regression analysis. Four functional forms were tried but the double log function was chosen as the lead equation. The profitability was determined using gross margin and net farm income analysis. The gross margin and net farm income were N129, 564.37 and N 126, 574.24 per stocking period (6 month) respectively. The result of the regression analysis reveals that pond size, fingerlings, capital input cost and farm size were statistically significant in determining efficiency of resource used while feed cost and labour were not significant, pond size, labour and capital input cost were underutilised. There was an over utilization of fingerlings, feed cost and farm size since the allocative efficiency is less than unity, farmers income can be enhanced if they decrease the use of these resources.This study examined economic analysis of small scale fish farmers in Niger state, the objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of small scale fish farmers, the inputâ€“output relationship, the profitability as well as to identify constraints faced by fish farmers. A total of 60 respondents were purposely selected from three local government areas, from two agricultural zones namely zone I and II. Structured questionnaire was administered in line with the objectives of the study. Data collected were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple regression analysis. Four functional forms were tried but the double log function was chosen as the lead equation. The profitability was determined using gross margin and net farm income analysis. The gross margin and net farm income were N129, 564.37 and N 126, 574.24 per stocking period (6 month) respectively. The result of the regression analysis reveals that pond size, fingerlings, capital input cost and farm size were statistically significant in determining efficiency of resource used while feed cost and labour were not significant, pond size, labour and capital input cost were underutilised. There was an over utilization of fingerlings, feed cost and farm size since the allocative efficiency is less than unity, farmers income can be enhanced if they decrease the use of these resources.Â Keywords: economics, small scale, fish farming, Niger state
DETERMINANTS OF YOUTHâ€™S PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES: CASE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Omotesho K F , Adara C , Ogunlade I
Published: April 2024

The study examined the patterns and determinants of youthsâ€™participation in the Commercial Agricultural Development Programme in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from all 239 registered participants of the programme via the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Probit Regression Model were the tools for data analyses. Most of the respondents (86.4%) were between 31 and 40 years of age, male (89.7%), married (85.3%) and had a tertiary level of education (82.6%). Only 40.76% of the respondents participated actively in the programme.Â  About half of the respondents (49.5%) were full-time farmers, 28.8% worked a minimum of 5 days a week on the farm and worked an average of 6 hours per day. The socio-economic determinants of participation were age, educational level, marital status, years of experience and nature of participation (p<0.01). The study concluded that the level of participation of youths in the Programme was low and influenced by participantsâ€™ age, marital status, and level of education, experience and nature of participation. The study recommends that the program should focus more on graduates of tertiary institutions. The existing participants who are not graduates and future non-graduate recruits would require closer guidance and monitoring for performance.
MORPHOMETRIC PROFILING OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT BREED BASED ON MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND DURBIN WATSON STATISTICS
Authors: Jesuyon O M. A. , Olawumi S O
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to examine the phenotypic resemblance and body weight in the mature West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using the co-variance and regression analyses. Two hundred and twenty-seven matured WAD Goats, aged between 12 to 36 months as determined by the goats dentition, sourced from Ekiti and Osun states were used for the study. The sampled animals consisted of 103 females and 124 males. Morphometric traits examined were Body Weight (BWT), Heart Girth (HGH), Diagonal Trunk Length (DTL), Height At Withers (HWT), Height at the Rump (HRP), Trunk Length Index (Shape) (TLI), Overbuilding Index (OBI), Body Depth Index (BDI), Body Breadth Index (BBI), Withers-Girth Index (WGI), Body Length Index (BLI) and Weight-Height Index (WHI, kg/cm). Between sexes, co-variance estimates revealed low phenotypic resemblance among Does; between BBI/TLI (cov = 172.50) and high to medium level resemblance among Bucks; between BLI/TLI (664.77) and DTL/TLI/BLI group (cov = 446.38, 402.42). Between states, Ekiti Does demonstrated medium to high level covariance on DTL/TLI/BLI (cov=589.21, 570.38) while the Bucks showed low level resemblance (cov<200). Mixed population between states revealed high to medium resemblance on TLI/BLI (cov=691.60) and DTL/TLI/BLI (cov=425.12, 378.59) among Does, and low-level resemblance on BLI/WGI (cov=153.56) among Bucks. Stepwise regression equations estimated within Does and Bucks revealed low Standard Error of Estimates (SEE, 0.593-0.781) and high adjusted R2â‰¥0.99. Durbin Watson statistics was higher on Does (2.2/1.5) and Bucks (2.1/1.3) for Ekiti than Osun respectively. Findings revealed differences in phenotypic resemblance within and between sexes and states, and a highly heterogeneous WAD population. Regression models â€˜within-state - within-sexâ€™, were considered more accurate for practical purposes based on low DW and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) estimates.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COCOYAM-BASED PRODUTION SYSTEMS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Daodu T O , Omolehin R A , Farayola C O , Adebisi L O
Published: April 2024

This study examined the cocoyam based production economy in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select eighty farmers for the study while the questionnaire was used to collect useful information from study respondents. The study data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, net farm income and the multiple regression analysis. The results of analysis revealed that all the various crop combinations practiced by the cocoyam farmers were profitable on with the cocoyam/cassava enterprise having the highest profit of N27, 550 per hectare when compared with the other enterprises. Farm size, labour used, level of education and fertilizer usage all showed significantly influence respondents yield.. The constraints faced in cocoyam-based production were high cost of input, poor accessibility to improved cocoyam varieties, inadequate extension service, extortion by middle men, poor transportation of farm produce, and poor storage facilities. The study therefore recommended that farm inputs like seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides should be availed farmers at subsidized rate so as to aid their production. Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) need to create awareness on the importance of the cocoyam and ensure regular extension visits to farmers. More researches on cocoyam by the private and public research institutes is also necessary.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTIONS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SELF-RELIANCE AMONG COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA ___
Authors: Adedayo S J , Salau A A , Abdulraheem I , Zekeri A
Published: April 2024

This study examined cooperative societyâ€™s perception on their entrepreneurship and self reliance activities, using kwara state, Nigeria as a case study. The study was hinged on two construct- the cooperative entrepreneurship and self-reliance. For the study, twelve (12) cooperative societies were selected. The finding revealed amongst other things that self-reliance is sequel to cooperative entrepreneurship as it allows members to govern their own lives and economies. Cooperative are community rooted and democratic which allows them to attain self-reliance through their futuristic plans and internally generated funds. The study concluded that coperative entrepreneurship is premised on the principle of self-reliance and self-sustenance as members were able to govern themselves through cooperatives. It is recommended that viable cooperative entrepreneurship activities should be disintegrated from external influences of government and other agencies. Cooperative legislations should be tailored towards making cooperatives entrepreneurially friendly.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL AND SENSORY QUALITIES OF ACHA-GUAVA FLOUR BLEND BISCUITS
Authors: Ayo J A , Ayo V I , Johnson R G
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the chemical, phytochemical composition, physical and sensory qualities of acha-guava flour blends and biscuit.Â  Flour blends were produced by substituting guava flour into acha flour at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %. Proximate, chemical (vitamin, vitamin and phytochemical) composition, pasting functional properties of the flour blends and the physical and sensory qualities of the produced biscuits were determined.Â  The carbohydrate and protein decreased from 81.60to 77.30 and 8.32to 7.70%, respectively while the moisture, fat, fibre and ash content of the flour blend increased from 8.08to 8.44, 1.28to 2.63, 0.21to 2.5and 0.20 to 1.62%, respectively, with increase in the added guava flour (5-25%). Water absorption, foaming, and swelling capacity of acha-guava flour increased from 2.35to 2.83, 4.13to 7.65 and 5.75to 7.74ml/g, respectively while the bulk density and oil absorption capacity decreased from 0.89to .85/cm3 and 2.10 to 1.81 ml/g respectively, with increase in the added guava flour (5-25%). The peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback decreased from 2336.83 to 1107, 1535to 935, 801 to 172, 3719.8to 1863, and 2186.0 to 928RVS, respectively, with increase in the added guava flour. Iron, carotenoid, vitamin C and total phenol increased from 4.0 to 25.0ppm, 5.36 to 14.17, 1.94 to 7.96, and 0.22 to 0.86mg/100g respectively, while phosphorus decreased from 1110.10 to 814.3ppm with increase in percentage of added guava flour. There was an increase in break strength and spread ratio of the biscuit from 1.35 to 2.64kg and 4.53 to 5.15, respectively, as a result of the increase in level of guava-flour substitution. The reverse was observed for the thickness, diameter, volume and weight of the biscuit which decreased from 0.88 to 0.60cm, 4.34 to 4.13cm, 13.05 to 8.00cm3, and 11.50 to 10.70g respectively. The average means scores of colour, texture, taste, odour, crispiness, and general acceptability of the biscuits ranged from 4.60 to 7.65, 5.50 to 6 to 6.85, 6.10 to 7.45, 5.80 to 6.85, 5.55 to 6.85and 6.20 to 7.95. The sample, 95:5 % acha-guava blends is the most preferred and acceptable with average mean score of 7.95 with corresponding increment of 0.28, 2.22, 79.38, and 1.3% of ash content, protein, fat and crude fibre, respectively.
AWARENESS AND ADOPTION OF AGROFORESTRY TECHNOLOGIES AMONG COCOA FARMERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ajayi O O , Ugege B H , Gbadebo O V , Adegbayi O R
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the level of awareness and adoption of agroforestry technologies by cocoa farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to elicit information from 120 respondents with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. The sigma method was used in determining adoption scores. The study showed respondents were 45 years old on average, majority were male (89.2 %) that adopted agroforestry technologies. The mean farm size was 14.6 ha on plot mostly acquired through inheritance. Estimated mean awareness percentage and adoption scores were 38.5 % and 4.38 respectively indicating that the respondentsâ€™ awareness and adoption regarding agroforestry technologies was generally low. The study recommends that agricultural development programmes should sensitize and motivate farmers towards adoption relevant technologies..
EVALUATION OF CONSTRAINTS MILITATING AGAINST FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN FARM OPERATIONS IN IDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Oke O S , Orumwense L A , Marizu J T , Nosiru M O , Ogunbela A A , Jatto K A , Adebayo G J , Ogunsola A J , Lawal M O , Fadimu B O
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated the constraint militating femaleâ€™s participation in farm operations in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling was used to select 123 respondents. Data collection was done through the use of structured questionnaires of which 120 questionnaires were retrieved. Results obtained revealed that 55.8% of the respondents were married, while 44.2% of them had 1-9 years of experience. On the extent of participation in farm operations, the full participation of the female in the entirety of farm operations was very negligible that is only between the range of 11.7% and 25.8%. However, the major constraints identified to militate against female participation in the various farm operations were poor technical know-how (51.7%), insufficient finance (47.5%), inadequate collateral security (48.3%) and involvement of the women in some other jobs (42.5%). It is, therefore, pertinent to encourage female cooperative society among the rural women farmers for better access to credit facilities, provide accessible extension services and modern farming system to expose them to an improved way of reasoning and consequently a better farming operation could be achieved in the rural areas to boost agricultural production.
ANALYSIS OF AFLATOXIN LEVELS IN PROCESSED BUSH MEAT SOLD ALONG SOME SELECTED HIGHWAYS IN ONDO, OSUN AND OYO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Okojie W O , Anosike U M , Ogunjinmi A A , Okojie J A
Published: April 2024

The identification, presence of mycotoxins and the extent of occurrence of aflatoxins in processed bushmeat was investigated in selected highways of Ondo, Osun and Oyo states of Southwest Nigeria. The highways were Akure – Ilesha and Ife – Ibadan highways. Samples of processed bushmeat sold along the highways were collected in eight locations (3 in Akure – Ilesha and 5 in Ife – Ibadan). Aspergillus species that are responsible for the production of aflatoxin were isolated from the processed bush meat. The minimum and maximum levels of these aflatoxins present were AFB1 (0.003µg/kg and 0.005µg/kg) while the aflatoxin B2 toxic level was in the range of (0.0045µg/kg and 0.001µg/kg). The aflatoxin G1 toxic level in the bush meat was (0.020µg/kg and 0.003µg/kg) while the aflatoxin G2 toxic level was found to be in the range of (0.0275µg/kg and 0.0033µg/kg). The level of aflatoxins in the various samples were found to be generally below the FAO/WHO maximum limits but continuous consumption of the meat over a period of time could cause potential health hazards. Bushmeat is perceived as a delicacy but there is need for certain protocols like the HACCP to be put in place during its processing and the preservation procedure to prevent spoilage and exposure of the consumers to life threatening diseases.
FARMERS HERDSMEN CLASHES; IMPLICATIONS FOR CROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN AKINYELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Olatunji B T , Abegunrin O O , Akanni F O , Oyewole O.O O O , Adedipe J O , Ojedokun C A , Olawale O O
Published: April 2024

This study examined the crop management constraints sequel to the crop-farmers herdsmen clashes in Akinyele local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria.. The study employed the questionnaire to interrogate crop farmers regarding their clashes with herdsmen. Data obtained were analyzed using the frequency counts, percentages, and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation (PPMC). The findings revealed that most of them (50%) had no formal education while most of them (82.4% and 73.3%) were male and married respectively. The result also shows that soil preparation, planting, pest management, harvesting, and storage were the management practices that were usually affected by their communal clashes with herdsmen. The result further shows that most of the respondents considered the constraints associated with management practices as severe constraints. The result of the analysis revealed that there is no significant relationship (r=0.170, P=0.064>0.01) existing between constraints faced by crop farmers and management practices they carried out. It is therefore recommended that Government provide grazing land for herdsmen in the study area as well as placing rules that will govern both parties and there should be strict punishment for violation of the rules.
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA - WhatsApp ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSE, DUTSE, NIGERIA
Authors: M Sagagi F , G Muktar B , M Gumel F , D Salami K
Published: April 2024

The social media is an indispensable tool in the communication and learning process. The fact that they facilitate knowledge acquisition qualifies them as learning scaffolds. Learning scaffold as established by self-regulated theory are platforms that facilitate learning. Therefore, considering WhatsApp as a scaffold, this study examined the effect of social media-communications on academic performance of students, using Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria as a case study. The research was cross-sectional and engaged multi-stage sampling. First, quota sampling was used to sample fifty students’ quota per faculty. thereafter 250 respondents were randomly selected from five faculties in the University. Study results revealed that WhatsApp was effective, easy to use and satisfactory for communication. The “Forethought phase” of self-regulated learning was identified as a key determinant of self-regulated learning on WhatsApp groups. The Implication is that WhatsApp platforms can be used to facilitate learning activities provided students are regulated, guided and rightly motivated.
AN ASSESSMENT OF RICE FARMERS’ ACCESS TO BANK OF AGRICULTURE (BoA) CREDIT IN JAHUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: O Orifa M , G Muktar B , G Bello O , U Makinta , J Abubakar S
Published: April 2024

Becoming self-sufficient in rice production has always been the target of successive Nigerian government. However, the lack of credit has been a limiting challenge to the crop’s production. This study examined rice farmers’ access to Bank of Agriculture credit support, using Jahun Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria as a case study. For the study, Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 118 respondents from whom data were collected using the questionnaire. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and the logit regression. Most of the respondents were found to be between the ages of 31 and 60 years with an average age of 43 years. Majority were married (76.3%). About 2/3 of the respondents have had formal education (65.2%). The mean household size, years of farming experience, farm size and annual income was 10 members, 13years, 2.2ha and N250000 respectively. Majority of the respondents were cooperative members. The result further revealed that majority (66.9%) of the respondents could not access credit support from BoA. The main alterative credit sources were family and friends (64%) and the local money lenders (59%). Major challenges limiting access to credit support from BoA were the cumbersome administrative loan procedures, poor farm records, high interest rate on loans and lack of collateral. The regression analysis showed that sex, household size, farm size and annual income were variables that significantly influenced access to BoA credit support. Government should therefore encourage policies that favour farmers’ easy access to BOA loans under reasonable collateral conditions. Efforts at encouraging farmers to maintain some level of record keeping of their production activities should be prioritized.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER-AİDED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MONİTORİNG GRAİNS STORED İN METAL SİLOS
Authors: Olorunfemi B J , Mogaji S A , Olorunfemi D F , Idowu A K
Published: April 2024

Traditional methods of managing grain have not guaranteed against grain losses, instead losses ranges from 20-50 %. In this vein, this study engages a computer based system for monitoring stored grains in metal silos. For the study, functions were formulated to measure weight, deterioration index, temperature, laboratory parameters, and moisture for grain samples. Standards were formulated for quality of grain to be accepted into the silo bins and stock index per silo.  Coding instructions were set with a high level programming language using Dream weaver platform and structural query language as database management system. The standard storage parameters for the different grains applied were; moisture content (≤ 12 %), insect damage (≤ 1 %), mould damage (≤ 1 %), hectolitre weight (68-75 kg/hl), colouration (normal), foreign matter (≤ 1 %) and year of harvest (≤ 1 year). Test samples of the stored grain were monitored and analysed at one of the National metal silo complexes using the developed package. The results obtained showed that total grain loss would be less than 1 %. There would be timely decision that saves cost,deter moulding and its antecedent losses. It is expected that the software developed will assist in good data management for grain storage to facilitate little or no grain losses during storage.
RURAL DWELLERS’ PERCEPTION ON MODERN INTERVENTIONS IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Adetarami O , Oose M O , Dada O E , Odeyemi A A , Oyebamiji B A , Johnson S B , Omosun I I
Published: April 2024

Communities, particularly those in the developing countries like Nigeria, require critical interventions in order to achieve rapid transformation. This study was designed to investigate rural dwellers’ perception of modern interventions on community development projects in Odeda Local Government Areas-LGAs of Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select (240) respondents. Both descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means, and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics including the Chi-square and Pearson and Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used for validating the objectives and testing the hypotheses. Results showed that majority (95.5%) of the respondents identified the Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP) and International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) (88.3%), as the major modern intervention schemes in the study area. The results showed that respondents mostly had positive and favorable perception towards Agricultural Development Project (ADP) as a subset of community development projects (
GEOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF AQUIFER VULNERABILITY AND GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN ISE- EKITI, SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
Authors: Fajana A O , Ayeni D O
Published: April 2024

Thirty-one (31) vertical electrical sounding points were investigated in Ise-Ekiti with the aid of a Min-Res electrical resistivity meter using the Schlumberger array with maximum electrode separation (AB/2) of 100m to assess the aquifer vulnerability and groundwater potential of the area. The low permeable zone trends from the northwestern to the western parts of the study area, with values ranging from 95.46 to 5095.46 Ωm², which may reduce contaminant migration and circulation in groundwater aquifers, while other parts of the study area indicate a highly permeable zone (H) with values ranging from 5095.46 to 135095.46 Ωm², which may enhance contaminant migration and circulation. The western part of the study area has low traverse resistivity (L) values with values ranging from 26.52 to 126.52 Ωm which is an indication of the porous and permeable medium while high traverse resistivity (H) values in the other part of the study area with values ranging from 126.52 to 1926.52 Ωm indicate an impermeable formation within the study area. The coefficient of anisotropy values in the study area shows that the fractured basement (F) within the study area trends from the southeastern part of the study area to the northeastern part of the study area. About 5% of the studied area falls within the high protective capacity rating, while 95% falls within fairly to poorly protective capacity. The aquifer is more vulnerable in areas with lower conductance.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TOXICITIES IN OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM AND CABOFURAN ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS INFECTED WITH ROOT- KNOT NEMATODE
Authors: Hinmikaiye A S , Izuogu N B
Published: April 2024

A screen house potted experiment was conducted at the Teaching Research Farm of Kabba College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Kogi State, during the 2019/2020 cropping season to determine the comparative toxicities of (Ocimum gratissimum) and carbofuran on the growth and yield of Corchorus olitorius infested by root-knot nematode. The experiment consisted of six treatments including the control, all laid out in a Complete Randomized Design and replicated three times. All the pots were inoculated with 1000 eggs of juveniles root- knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) obtained from 50g of Celosia argentea infested root.  The six treatments comprised three levels of Ocimum gratissimum including; 100ml, 150ml, and 200ml; two levels of Carbofuran applied at 1kg ai//ha (0.17g-1), 1.5kg ai//ha (0.26g-1) and the Control. All the treatments including the control were designated as TI, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 respectively. Initial nematodes populations were applied two weeks after planting and final nematodes population was analyzed eight weeks after planting. Extraction of nematodes eggs was carried out at Land Mark University Laboratory, Omu-Aran, Nigeria. Data gathered were those on plant height, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight (g) four weeks after planting from three randomly selected plants in each pot. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), to determine the significance of variation among the treatments. Means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability.  The result obtained from this study indicated that T5 carbofuran 0.26g-1 performed best out of all the treatments tested for plant height (cm), leave yield (g) and number of leaves per plant. This was followed by treatment T3 which is O.gratissimum at 200ml compared to the untreated control. Treatment T6 recorded the highest number of root gall index and final nematode population in the pot. Carbofuran application performed better compared to O.gratissimum extract at 0.26 g-1, because it reduced nematodes population faster than any botanicals. The environmental-friendly nature of Ocimum gratissimum added to its fair growth and yield performance in the study can be explored towards discouraging carbofuran whose detrimental effects on humans and other living organisms could be fatal.

 

Keywords: carbofuran, Corchorus olitorius, Ocimum gratissimum, root-knot nematode, yield
APPLICATION OF STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS ON CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Imade O S , Egbodon J
Published: April 2024

The study applied Stochastic Frontier Analysis on catfish production systems in Delta Stateof Nigeria to determine the farmers’ levels of technical efficiency under the productionsystems adopted in the study area. Structured questionnaire were used to elicit responsesfrom 538 catfish farmers who provided suitable information from the 561 sampled farmers.Descriptive statistics was used to describe the socioeconomic characteristics and for theproduction systems, stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate the technicalefficiency of farmers. Results from the study shown that about 61.71% of the farmers weremale, married (86.62%) and 52.97% of them operating on full time. The pond systems usedare as follows: earthen pond (27.51%), concrete pond (33.83%) and plastic/tarpaulin pond(38.66%) respectively by the farmers with an average pond size of 629.63m2 in the studyarea. The mean levels of technical efficiency (TE) of the farmers under the productionsystems were earthen pond (0.77), concrete pond (0.76) and plastic/tarpaulin pond (0.73)respectively. The average TE level in the study area was 0.84; operating about 16% belowthe frontier. The results further revealed the returns to scale (RTS) of the farmers underproduction systems as earthen pond (0.086), concrete pond (0.089), plastic/tarpaulin pond(0.099) and the study area was 0.070 respectively. The results from the inefficiency modelestimated showed that age, household size, educational level and catfish productionexperience were the major factors that influenced the technical inefficiency of the catfishfarmers. The study concludes that the technical efficiency levels could be improved andmaintained if the inefficiencies accounted for by the socio-economic conditions of the catfishfarmers are addressed. The right and supporting policies to minimize inefficiencies resourcesuse and improve catfish production should be put in place by the authorities concerned.Keywords: stochastic frontier, production function, technical efficiency, inefficiencymodel, factors, catfish, farmers, nigeria
COMPARATIVE OUTPUT AND INCOMES BETWEEN USAID/MARKETS II PROGAMME CASSAVA FARMERS BENEFICIARIES AND NON-BENEFICIARIES IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Uzochukwu M C , Nwaobiala C U , Mbagwu G N
Published: April 2024

This study compared the output and income levels of USAID/MARKET II cassava farmers’ beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Specifically, it estimated the output and income levels of USAID and non-USAID farmers from cassava farming and compared the output and income from cassava farming among USAID and non-USAID farmers in the study area. A three-stage random sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and eighty (180) respondents (90 USAID farmers and 90 non-USAID farmers). Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and mean scores and inferential statistics (Z-test analysis). The result showed that mean cassava output of USAID farmers (58,405.56kg/ha) were higher than that of the non-USAID farmers (34,038.89kg/ha) as against mean cassava income of USAID farmers (N233, 855.6) and non-USAID farmers (N192, 986.7). The Z–test result revealed a significant difference in mean cassava output and income among USAID and non- USAID farmers at 5.0% level of probability. The study therefore recommends synergy between farmers, research institutes and agricultural intervention agencies to increase cassava output and income through farmers’ access to credit.

 

Keywords: comparative, output, income, USAID/MARKETS, cassava farmers