bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of computer-based telerehabilitation software (RehaCom) compared to other treatments for patients with cognitive impairments: A systematic review
Authors: Sarpourian Fatemeh , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Fatemi Aghda Seyed Ali , Fatehi Farhad , Ebrahimi Saeid , Fallahnezhad Meysam
Published: November 2024

Background

The rehabilitation process for cognitive disorders is long and complex, which can lead to reduced rehabilitation outcomes and reduced quality improvement. Thus, there is a need to use new methods to boost conventional rehabilitation (e.g., drug therapy, herbal therapy, paper, and pencil tasks). Innovations such as RehaCom can be helpful to remove the obstacles to treatment, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited.

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of RehaCom with other cognitive therapies (computer-based, non- computer) in patients with cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods

Eight bibliographic databases (PubMed, Cochran Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and google scholar) were used in this research. The initial search resulted in the extraction of 2466 articles; after the review of the title, abstract, and full text, 19 articles were selected. Quality assessment was performed using the CONSORT checklist. Then, data extraction was done using the form set by the researcher in Word 2016 software.

Results

Overall, RehaCom achieved more positive clinical effects compared to other cognitive therapies (e.g., improvement in memory, attention, and motor function) on multiple sclerosis ( n = 7), schizophrenia ( n = 6), stroke ( n = 3), Parkinson ( n = 1), mild CI ( n = 1), and acquired brain damage ( n = 1). In six studies, a follow-up period of some weeks to 6 months has been used. Additionally, six studies used conventional therapy plus RehaCom for intervention. Except one study, all studies used RehaCom individual training.

Conclusions

This review provides evidence for the potential effectiveness of RehaCom for the improvement of clinical outcomes in patients with CI. However, more robust Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm the observed positive effects.
What does teledentistry mean? Mapping of current definitions
Authors: Talla Pascaline Kengne , Rodrigues Anisha
Published: November 2024

Access to timely oral healthcare services is paramount for any oral healthcare system, as good oral health contributes to overall quality of life and wellbeing. Despite several initiatives’ efforts, there are still persistent deficiencies in accessing oral healthcare. As a result, teledentistry is recognized as a promising and cost-effective intervention to reduce oral health inequalities, enhance patients’ outcomes and experiences, improve oral healthcare providers’ wellbeing, reduce costs, and contribute to environmental sustainability in dentistry. However, there is confusion in its terminology with many interchangeably used terms referring to this concept. Therefore, based on our research on systematic reviews on teledentistry, we define teledentistry as the use of technology for remote oral healthcare delivery between patients and oral healthcare providers or between healthcare providers. Its goals are to facilitate access to care, reduce oral health inequalities, mitigate the economic impact of oral diseases and treatment, and foster interprofessional collaboration.
Comparative insights into clinic onboarding and interaction practices for patient engagement in long COVID digital health care
Authors: Ismaila Hadiza , Blandford Ann , Sunkersing David , Stevenson Fiona , Goodfellow Henry
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study explores the influence of clinic-led onboarding and interaction processes on patient engagement within a digital health program for long COVID care, the Living with COVID Recovery (LWCR) program. We compared clinical practices and patient engagement levels across seven clinics utilising LWCR, gaining insights that could optimise digital health interventions (DHIs) for long COVID care.

Methods

Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted qualitative interviews with clinicians from seven clinics (out of thirty five) to understand their onboarding and interaction strategies for the LWCR program. We also performed a descriptive quantitative analysis of patient and clinic usage data to rank and classify patient engagement. These rankings were then compared against qualitative insights to explore the influence of clinic-led strategies on patient engagement. Additionally, we conducted interviews with 12 patients under the care of seven clinics to complement our mixed-method analysis.

Results

Four key practices were identified in clinics with higher patient engagement: pre-assessment onboarding, proactive communication, patient education and the involvement of clinically experienced staff. Clinics that integrated these interdependent practices into a cohesive strategy demonstrated notably higher patient engagement levels.

Conclusion

This study highlights the critical role of integrating multiple, interdependent clinic-led strategies to optimise patient engagement in DHIs, particularly for long COVID care. These findings provide actionable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers, suggesting that a comprehensive approach is essential for maximising patient engagement and improving care outcomes. The study lays the groundwork for future research to explore the broader applicability of these strategies across different healthcare contexts.
Multiple sclerosis in Colombia: A review of the literature
Authors: Miranda-Acuña Jahir , Casallas-Vanegas Adriana , McCauley Jacob , Castro-Castro Pedro , Amezcua Lilyana
Published: November 2024

Background

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Latin America is generally considered low to moderate. However, accurate data regarding MS epidemiology in Colombia is lacking.

Objective

This study aims to discuss the situation of MS in Colombia.

Results

Analysis reveals a lack of accurate data regarding MS epidemiology in Colombia, however, there have been notable improvements in diagnosis and ultimately leading to better access to treatment for MS patients. While ethnic diversity may potentially influence MS prevalence, there is currently no strong data supporting this claim. MS treatment in Colombia, focuses on early disease-modifying therapy, nevertheless, MS is considered an orphan disease in Colombia, contributing to MS patients not receiving comprehensive evaluation in MS centers. Regional efforts are ongoing to improve diagnostic access and access to treatment for MS patients.

Conclusion

Despite the challenges in accurately defining MS epidemiology in Colombia, an increase in neurological training, diagnostic capabilities, and access to treatment has been observed. However, the status of MS as an orphan disease in Colombia poses challenges to comprehensive care for affected individuals. Further studies are needed to elucidate risk factors and improve care conditions for MS patients in the region.
Becoming Spectral: Toward a Media History of Ghosting
Authors: Rolandsson Torbjörn , Couture Sadie
Published: November 2024

This article contextualizes contemporary forms of digital ghosting by examining how two of its historical precursors—Victorian calling culture and answering machines—have been represented in North American women’s magazines. To do so, we develop mediated avoidance as an analytical heuristic. This concept captures the material, relational and social dimensions of a set of understudied media practices that seek to strategically engage with the gaps that are inherent in all communication, to defer, deflect, or disrupt mediated connections. Representations of mediated avoidance from respective eras were found to reflect different anxieties over the management of the public/private divide. Calling culture relied on unpaid labor to facilitate the transmission of printed messages between bourgeoise women and was constrained by an array of social protocols that regulated interactions along conceptions of propriety. The disconnective features of answering machines, meanwhile, were represented as giving women the upper hand in courtship, as well as providing means for increased productivity and self-care, foreshadowing contemporary justifications of digital disconnection. Concerns over contemporary ghosting are discussed as produced by a spillage of media practices. Ghosting is considered acceptable in feminine-coded spheres like courtship. But it is viewed as inappropriate—sometimes even as signaling a broader social crisis—when it bleeds into other contexts, like when an employee ghosts their employer.
Risk Factors for Failure of Non-operative Management in Isolated Unilateral Non-displaced Facet Fractures of the Subaxial Cervical Spine: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cirillo Ignacio , Ricciardi Guillermo Alejandro , Cabrera Juan Pablo , Lopez Muñoz Felipe , Romero Valverde Lyanne , Joaquim Andrei , Carazzo Charles , Yurac Ratko
Published: November 2024

Study Design

systematic review.

Objective

To evaluate risk factors associated with failure of non-operative management of isolated unilateral facet fractures of the subaxial cervical spine in neurologically intact patients.

Methods

A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted in order to determine risk factors associated with failure of non-operative management in isolated unilateral facet fractures of the subaxial cervical spine without facet and/or vertebral displacement, in neurologically intact patients. Our research was in line with the PRISMA Statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023405699).

Results

A total of 1639 studies were identified through a database search on May 5, 2023. In total, 7 studies from the databases were included, along with 1 study found through a manual citation search. The evidence showed high clinical heterogeneity, a serious risk of bias according to the ROBINS-I tool, and a predominance of retrospective cohort studies. In comparison to less complex facet fractures, lateral floating mass fractures were found to have 5.41 times higher odds of failure of non-operative management (OR = 5.41; 95% CI = 1.32, 22.19). We calculated the potential association between lower absolute fracture height and non-operative treatment success [Fracture height (percentage) Mean Difference = −17.51 (−28.22, −6.79 95% CI); Absolute height Mean Difference: −0.46 (−0.60, −0.31 95% CI)]. Other risk factors were not included in the meta-analysis due to lack of data. The level of certainty was rated as “very low”.

Conclusions

Lateral floating mass cervical facet fractures and larger fracture fragment size (measured either in absolute terms or as a percentage) are significant risk factors for failure of non-operative treatment.
‘You Are Always Worried and Have No Peace, You Cannot Be a Normal Adolescent’: A Qualitative Study of the Effects of Mental Health Problems on the Social Functioning of Adolescents Living with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Nanfuka Esther Kalule , Kafuko Agatha , Nakanjako Rita , Ssenfuuma James Thomas , Kaawa-Mafigiri David
Published: November 2024

Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are at heightened risk of experiencing mental health problems. However, research on the impact of mental health problems on ALHIV's everyday life is scanty. This article explores the effects of anxiety, depression and suicidal behaviour on the social functioning of ALHIV in a low-resource setting. The three mental health conditions were screened using the Patient Health Questionnaire modified for adolescents (PHQ-A) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorder (SCARED), while social functioning was defined by normative role expectations of adolescents in the study setting. We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 ALHIV receiving care at two hospitals in Central Uganda. Data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques. We found that mental health problems impair the social functioning of ALHIV by obstructing them from realising normative expectations of adolescents within their socio-cultural milieu, including academic excellence, maintaining amicable relationships and good physical health. In a context of scarcity, impaired social functioning has grave implications for ALHIV's physical, psychological and social and economic wellbeing and concomitantly HIV treatment outcomes in the immediate and long term. Integration of mental health into HIV care is imperative, if the global goal to end AIDS is to be achieved.
Effect of Patient Resilience on Functional Outcomes After Meniscectomy
Authors: Hanna Adeeb Jacob , Perez Andres R. , He Alice , Sonnier John Hayden , Destine Henson , Muchintala Rahul , Cook Ralph W. , Bryan Sean , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Freedman Kevin B.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Recent literature has identified that patient resilience may affect outcomes after meniscectomy. Research into psychological risk factors for poor surgical outcomes has been a focus in orthopaedic surgery.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between preoperative patient resilience and 2-year postoperative outcomes after arthroscopic meniscectomy. It was hypothesized that there would be no relationship between resilience and patient-reported outcomes after meniscectomy.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients who underwent meniscectomy between January and June 2020 at a single multicenter institution were identified, and those aged ≥18 years without evidence of significant osteoarthritis who completed the brief resilience scale (BRS) preoperatively were considered for inclusion. Included patients completed the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Based on BRS scores, patients were stratified into low resilience (LR), normal resilience (NR), and high resilience (HR) groups, and differences and changes in outcomes were compared among the groups using the analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data and the chi-square test for categorical data.

Results:

Overall, 100 patients were included (LR group, n = 17; NR group, n = 65; HR group, n = 18). Patients with higher preoperative resilience had higher preoperative IKDC ( P = .004) and KOOS-JR ( P = .003) scores. However, resilience was not a fixed construct: The median BRS increased in the LR group and decreased in the HR group from pre- to postoperatively (+0.17 and –0.58, respectively; P = .001). At the 2-year follow-up, there was no difference in patient-reported outcome scores across resilience groups, nor was there a difference in the change in IKDC or KOOS-JR scores. Although a positive correlation was observed between preoperative resilience and preoperative IKDC ( rS = 0.331) and KOOS-JR ( rS = 0.334) scores, preoperative resilience did not correlate with postoperative or 2-year improvements in IKDC or KOOS-JR scores. A weak positive correlation was observed between postoperative resilience and postoperative IKDC ( rS = 0.229) and SANE ( rS = 0.202) scores, and a weak negative correlation was observed between postoperative resilience and VAS pain scores ( rS = ∓0.256).

Conclusion:

Our study indicated that preoperative patient resilience was not predictive of functional outcome scores at a 2-year follow-up after arthroscopic meniscectomy.
Demarcation and Difference: Language and Indigenous Self-Identity in Latin America
Authors: Rodríguez-Cáceres Andrés , Behrman Julia
Published: November 2024

Indigeneity remains a major axis of stratification in Latin America, making questions of when and why people identify as Indigenous central to understanding and addressing inequality in the region. Using representative Latinobarometer data from 16 countries, collected between 2007 and 2020, the authors analyze the two most widely used instruments for the identification of Indigenous people in Hispanophone America: self-identification and respondents’ mother tongue. Descriptive analysis shows that though the majority of respondents are nonspeakers and nonidentifiers, nonnegligible proportions of respondents are identifiers and speakers, identifiers and nonspeakers, and nonidentifiers and speakers. In multivariate analyses, the authors test factors associated with identification conditional on linguistic background. The findings support hypotheses that privilege and, in some cases, social mobility are negatively associated with Indigenous identification and of race as a “master category.” The authors also document that Indigenous identification has increased over birth cohorts. The results contribute to the literature on the complexity of measuring Indigeneity in the Latin American context.
Engagement in Extracurricular Activities During Medical School: A Cross-Sectional Study on Student Motivations and Challenges
Authors: Oliveira Natália Machado , Viana Dayanne de Aguiar , Santos Jade Rodrigues , Quintanilha Luiz Fernando , de Jesus Rodrigo Francisco , Avena Katia de Miranda , Andrade Bruno Bezerril
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Extracurricular activities (EA) are crucial for medical education, fostering professional and personal growth. They complement formal curriculum structures, addressing students’ social, psychological, and academic needs. Understanding students’ motivations for choosing EA is essential for creating effective educational strategies. Our study examined medical students’ engagement in EA, focusing on the most common activities, perceived importance, and the motivations and challenges faced.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study, employing both quantitative and qualitative designs, involving a convenience sample of medical students from Brazil. Data collection was carried out using an anonymous, structured electronic form to gather information on the sociodemographic profile of students and aspects related to EA participation. The analysis included both descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis, providing detailed insights into student motivations and their experiences with EA.

Results

Out of 221 study participants, 82.4% were actively involved in EA. Sports (44.8%), scientific events (39.4%), artistic activities (33.5%), and participation in scientific programs (28.1%) were prominent choices, with students dedicating 8.5 h per week. Students under the age of 28 ( P = .017) and those without a previous academic degree ( P = .036) showed a higher frequency of involvement in EA, as confirmed by logistic regression analysis revealing significant associations for these variables (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32, P = .017; and OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78-1.00, P = .036, respectively). Motivations for EA participation were primarily driven by a desire to enhance curriculum vitae and develop essential professional skills. Challenges such as time management and academic adjustment were common among medical students.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the widespread involvement of medical students in EA, illustrating a diverse range of interests. Younger students and those without previous academic training are more likely to participate. Motivations include enriching the curriculum and refining skills, yet challenges such as time management and adjusting to academic demands are significant, especially for new students.
Time-varying differences in stroke recurrence risk between types of atrial fibrillation based on screening methods and timing of detection
Authors: Alvarado-Bolanos Alonso , Ayan Diana , Lodol Facundo , Khaw Alexander V. , Mai Lauren M. , Mandzia Jennifer L. , Mrkobrada Marko , Bres-Bullrich Maria , Fleming Lorraine , Lippert Corbin , Cecile Meredith , Bagur Rodrigo , Fridman Sebastian , Sposato Luciano A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) burden progresses with time. Among ischemic stroke (IS) patients, AF can be detected at different burden progression stages based on the timing and screening method. We hypothesized that AF detected after IS on 12-lead ECGs (ECG-AF) and via 14-day-Holter prolonged cardiac monitoring (AFDAS) are linked to lower IS recurrence risk than AF known before stroke occurrence (KAF) because of being at an earlier progression stage than KAF. Additionally, we posited that IS recurrence risk differences between AF types vary over time due to their differential progression stages.

Patients and methods:

Retrospective observational cohort study including IS/TIA patients with KAF, ECG-AF, and AFDAS [2018–2021]. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated using multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional-hazard models to compare IS recurrence between ECG-AF versus KAF and AFDAS versus KAF. Proportional hazards assumptions were tested to assess whether IS recurrence risk differences were time-varying.

Results:

Of 758 AF patients (385 KAF, 236 ECG-AF, 137 AFDAS), 603 received anticoagulation and 59 experienced a recurrent IS after 1441 patient-years of follow-up. No IS recurrence risk differences were observed at the end of follow-up between ECG-AF and KAF (aHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.36–1.26), although ECG-AF showed lower risk only within the first year (aHR 0.15; 95% CI 0.04–0.56). AFDAS exhibited a lower IS recurrence risk than KAF (aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.63), without time-varying differences.

Discussion:

Differences in IS recurrence risk between ECG-AF and KAF varied over time. However, AFDAS showed a consistently lower IS risk than KAF throughout the entire study period.
Stroke triage using the FAST-ED score shortens process times in large vessel occlusion strokes in a physician staffed pre-hospital emergency medical (PHEM) system
Authors: Illian Hanna , Grimm Clemens , Haller Anna , Liman Jan , Nikos Psychogios Marios , Riedel Christian Heiner , Blaschke Sabine , Göricke Meike Bettina , Roessler Markus , Kunze-Szikszay Nils
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The impact of streamlining algorithms for stroke patients on process times in pre-hospital emergency medicine (PHEM) is not well investigated. We analyzed the changes in pre- and in-hospital process times after implementation of a streamlining algorithm in a physician staffed PHEM system.

Patients:

We conducted a prospective observational study and analyzed process times of adult stroke patients attended by emergency physicians (EP) of the city of Göttingen PHEM service after implementation of a streamlining algorithm including stroke triage using the FAST-ED score. Stroke patients with standard emergency treatment attended before the implementation served as a control group. All patients were transported directly to the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) and received endovascular therapy (EVT) and/or systemic thrombolytic therapy.

Results:

Of 75 suitable patients eligible in the study group, 37 (49.3%) received EVT and were compared to 44 patients in the control group. Pre-hospital process times did not differ significantly. Median door-to-CT time (12 vs 18 min, p = 0.017) and door-to-lysis time (20 vs 24 min, p = 0.005) were significantly shorter in the study group. Door-to-groin time was also shortened in the study group (42 vs 49 min) but not significantly ( p = 0.088).

Discussion and conclusions:

Our findings indicate that a PHEM streamlining algorithm (namely the FAST-ED score) can significantly shorten in-hospital process times without delaying pre-hospital care. This improved coordination between PHEM and in-hospital emergency medicine (IHEM) may enhance neurological outcomes for stroke patients. Further research is needed to confirm these results and assess their applicability in other healthcare settings.
Need for Financing and Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in the MSME Sector: Evidence from Odisha, India
Authors: Senapati Asis Kumar , Sahoo Gayatree , Parida Debapriya
Published: November 2024

In this twenty-first century, the aggregative model of democracy would not be able to address the complex problem of a plural society where structural inequality is rampant. Hence, it is imperative to unearth a convenient way of the decision-making process through various social and economic empowerment factors which help to enhance the participation and awareness of women despite structural inequalities deeply rooted in Indian society in general and Odisha in particular. This article seeks to highlight the factors determining the empowerment of women and identify issues related to the management of the enterprise. This work attempts to highlight determinants of empowerment of women involved in micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) in Odisha, an eastern state of India. This study has taken a sample of 256 women entrepreneurs considering both registered and unregistered units across five regions of Odisha. For analysis, an overall empowerment index (OEI) has been framed by taking both social empowerment and economic empowerment variables. This study used a multiple regression model and an ordered logistic regression model to find out the determinants that are significantly influencing women’s empowerment. Based on the results, it is observed that economic empowerment variables like expenditure, savings, physical asset value, enterprise decision-making, and self-employment generation have a significant impact on OEI. Similarly, social empowerment variables like social status, leisure availability, business skills, unpaid work, self-decision, self-confidence, freedom of physical mobility, involvement in domestic decision-making, family problems, and networking with other entrepreneurs are playing a significant role in influencing women entrepreneurs’ OEI. Factors such as being self-employed, supplementing family income, making use of spare time, saving, educating children, better health status, etc are some of the motivating factors which encouraged women entrepreneurs to run an MSME. Major challenges faced by women entrepreneurs include constant and frequent need of capital for meeting day-to-day expenses, lack of long-term finance, obtaining finance from financial institutions, lack of experience in financial institutions, lack of technical expertise, etc. Hence, there is a need for sustainable financing the women entrepreneurs to continue their enterprises in the future.
Beauty Contest in Equity-Based Crowdfunding Campaigns
Authors: Trzebiński Artur A. , Kołodziejczyk Łukasz
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigates how investor sentiment influences equity-based crowdfunding campaigns outcomes, with a particular focus on sentiment related to specific industries. The motivation stems from the need to understand the behavioural drivers behind crowdfunding outcomes, especially in a context where both private and public funding coexist.

Study Design

We employed a machine learning approach, utilizing the PolBERT model to analyse investor sentiment from online forum discussions in Poland. The data consisted of sentiment expressed across various industry-specific discussions, which were analysed to assess their impact on crowdfunding campaign outcomes.

Findings

The study reveals that while positive investor industry sentiment enhances the capital raised for IPO-targeted companies, it negatively affects overall campaign success and the number of investors, particularly in non-IPO-targeted firms. These findings suggest a complex relationship between sentiment and campaign outcomes, where higher sentiment can sometimes deter participation in certain cases.

Contributions

This research introduces a novel category of behavioural success drivers in the context of equity crowdfunding, proposing a new classification of meta-drivers of crowdfunding success. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the efficacy of fine-tuned BERT-class models in processing language, offering new insights into the investor sentiment analysis.

Implications

The results have significant implications for both researchers and practitioners. For researchers, the study expands the understanding of behavioural finance in crowdfunding, while for practitioners, it provides strategic insights into how investor sentiment can influence campaign timing, structure, and expectations. The findings also offer value for policymakers by shedding light on investor behaviour in equity-based crowdfunding markets.
Human dimensions of climate change adaptation: Gaps and knowledge frontiers
Authors: Singh Chandni
Published: November 2024

Adaptation science has grown exponentially in the past two decades and has progressed conceptually. However, these advances remain siloed from adaptation practice. In this commentary, I make three arguments: (1) adaptation theory has grown but is often unfit-for-practical-purpose; (2) disciplines and methodologies to study adaptation remain conservative, and poorly understand adaptation limits and residual risks; and (3) behaviour change as a critical lever of individual and societal adaptation remains understudied. By charting the landscape of knowledge gaps, I suggest frontiers for adaptation researchers to focus on.
Decoding the anti-hypertensive mechanism of α-mangostin based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation
Authors: Xue Qi-Qi , Liu Chu-Hao , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

Background

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disability and deaths worldwide. Evidence indicates that alpha-mangostin(α-MG) can reduce blood pressure and improve target organ damage. Nonetheless, its pharmacological targets and potential mechanisms of action remain inadequately elucidated.

Method

We used SwissTargetPrediction to identify α-MG’s drug targets and DisGeNET, GeneCards, CTD, and GEO databases for hypertension-related targets, and then determined antihypertensive therapeutic targets of α-MG by intersecting these targets. GO functional enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and disease association analysis were conducted using the DAVID database and R package “clusterprofile”, visualized with Cytoscape software. The binding affinity of α-MG to identified targets was confirmed through molecular docking using Autodock Vina v.1.2.2 software. The impact of α-MG on target genes was validated using an Angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mouse model and RT-qPCR.

Results

A total of 51 potential antihypertensive therapeutic targets for α-MG were identified by intersecting 109 drug targets with 821 disease targets. Furthermore, 10 cellular component terms, 10 disease terms, and the top 20 enriched biological processes, molecular functions, and KEGG pathways related to α-MG’s antihypertensive effects were documented. Molecular docking studies indicated a strong binding affinity of α-MG with the HSP90AA1 domain. In Ang II-induced hypertensive mice aorta, treatment with α-MG effectively reversed the aberrant mRNA expression of TNF, HSP90AA1, NFKB1, PPARG, SIRT1, PTGS2, and RELA.

Conclusion

Our analyses showed that TNF, HSP90AA1, NFKB1, PPARG, SIRT1, PTGS2, and RELA might be α-MG’s potential therapeutic targets for hypertension, laying groundwork for further investigation into its pharmacological mechanisms and clinical uses.
Human limits in machine learning: prediction of potato yield and disease using soil microbiome data
Authors: Aghdam Rosa , Tang Xudong , Shan Shan , Lankau Richard , Solís-Lemus Claudia
Published: November 2024

Background

The preservation of soil health is a critical challenge in the 21st century due to its significant impact on agriculture, human health, and biodiversity. We provide one of the first comprehensive investigations into the predictive potential of machine learning models for understanding the connections between soil and biological phenotypes. We investigate an integrative framework performing accurate machine learning-based prediction of plant performance from biological, chemical, and physical properties of the soil via two models: random forest and Bayesian neural network.

Results

Prediction improves when we add environmental features, such as soil properties and microbial density, along with microbiome data. Different preprocessing strategies show that human decisions significantly impact predictive performance. We show that the naive total sum scaling normalization that is commonly used in microbiome research is one of the optimal strategies to maximize predictive power. Also, we find that accurately defined labels are more important than normalization, taxonomic level, or model characteristics. ML performance is limited when humans can’t classify samples accurately. Lastly, we provide domain scientists via a full model selection decision tree to identify the human choices that optimize model prediction power.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of incorporating diverse environmental features and careful data preprocessing in enhancing the predictive power of machine learning models for soil and biological phenotype connections. This approach can significantly contribute to advancing agricultural practices and soil health management.
Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine to prolong spinal anesthesia in elderly patients: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Sangkum Lisa , Termpornlert Sivaporn , Tunprasit Choosak , Rathanasutthajohn Chatchayapa , Komonhirun Rojnarin , Dusitkasem Sasima
Published: November 2024

Background

Spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has a short duration, which poses challenges for postoperative pain management. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine at a dosage of 0.4 µg/kg in prolonging the duration of spinal anesthesia and minimizing postoperative pain in elderly patients undergoing TURP.

Methods

This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled 38 patients aged 60–80 years who underwent elective TURP with spinal anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: Group D received IV 0.4 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, whereas Group C received IV normal saline after spinal anesthesia administration. The primary outcome was the time to 2-dermatome regression.

Results

The 2-dermatome regression time was longer in Group D than in Group C (104.44 ± 16.97 min vs. 80.63 ± 15.59 min, p < 0.05). The peak sensory block levels were significantly higher in Group D [T7 (T6–T8)] than in Group C [T10 (T7–T10)] (p = 0.017). The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia and postoperative pain at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h were not different between two groups.

Conclusion

Intravenous dexmedetomidine at a dosage of 0.4 µg/kg significantly prolongs the duration of spinal sensory blockade. Although postoperative analgesia was not different, it provided hemodynamic stability without increasing the side effects.
Evaluating plasma antinuclear autoantibody profile as a prognostic biomarker in lymphoma
Authors: Zheng Cuiling , Gao Ruyun , Wang Yanrong , Han Xiaohong
Published: November 2024

Background

Research on the antinuclear antibodies (ANA) profile across different pathological subtypes of lymphoma was limited. Our study aimed to assess ANA profile and investigate its potential prognostic value in lymphoma.

Method

We collected plasma samples from 139 lymphoma patients and analyzed the expression of plasma ANA, SSA, and SSB using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we focused on B-cell non-Hodgldn’s lymphoma (B-NHL) for survival analysis.

Results

Influencing factors for ANA profile levels included age (ANA: P = 0.0035, SSA: P = 0.0553, SSB: P = 0.0025), gender (SSA: P = 0.0436), serum IgG (ANA, P = 0.0385; SSA, P = 0.0175; SSB, P = 0.0291), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (SSA: P = 0.0380). In subtype comparisons, ANA and SSB levels were significantly lower in low-grade B-NHL compared to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (low-grade B-NHL vs. NHL: ANA, P = 0.0107; SSB, P = 0.0126). Aggressive NHL exhibited a higher ANA profile compared to indolent NHL (aggressive NHL vs. indolent NHL: ANA, P = 0.0262; SSA, P = 0.0136; SSB, P = 0.0280). Kaplan–Meier analyses identified SSA and SSB as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with B-NHL undergoing chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Our study evaluated ANA profile in various subtypes of lymphoma and demonstrated the prognostic value of autoantibodies in predicting clinical outcomes. The results highlight the potential of incorporating ANA profile into the prognostic assessment of lymphoma.
Organosolv-derived lipids from hemicellulose and cellulose, and pre-extracted tannins as additives upon hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of spruce bark lignins to bio-oil
Authors: Thoresen Petter Paulsen , Fahrni Jonas , Patel Alok , Enman Josefine , Gustafsson Tomas , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul , Matsakas Leonidas
Published: November 2024

The rise in global temperature and accumulation of petroleum-based wastes in the environment forces the scientific focus towards renewable alternatives. In the present work, an under-exploited resource – spruce bark – is investigated as a raw material for production of bio-oil as a liquid energy carrier. To enhance the energy-content of the produced bio-crude, ultimately being produced through hydrothermal liquefaction, the polysaccharides were extracted through organosolv fractionation and converted to lipids by oleaginous microorganisms. The effect originating from tannins was also investigated by performing a pre-extraction before the organosolv fractionation. It was found that performing the organosolv fractionation and upgrading the isolated organosolv lignin to bio-oil greatly reduced the oxygen content of the oil fraction thereby improving its energy content, and introducing upgraded polysaccharides in the form of lipids, as well as pre-extracted tannins, caused clear changes in the product distribution of the final bio-oil and kept a final product with low oxygen content. The other factor largely influencing the product distribution originated from the various heating rates tested by altering operational mode of the HTL process between batch and semi-continuous. Ultimately, performing the organosolv fractionation and individual upgrading of the polysaccharides had a beneficial effect on reducing the final solids content and enhancing the liquid oil yield.
Estimating the cost of chronic kidney disease in Australia
Authors: Randall Sean , Lee Crystal M. Y. , Thomas Elizabeth , Chakera Aron , Chai Kevin E. K. , Varhol Richard , Mehta Kanika , Irish Ashley , Conradie Johan , Hadlow Narelle , Hendrie Delia , Boyd James H. , Robinson Suzanne
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant burden on health systems globally, with limited up-to-date information on health system costs, particularly for non-dialysis patients. This study estimates the direct healthcare costs of CKD within Australia.

Methods

The study utilised the CKD.WA dataset, a linked repository for the state of Western Australia, containing public and private pathology, hospital, emergency and mortality data for over 2 million people, along with a secondary dataset of general practice records. Costs were calculated for individuals with CKD in 2019 and compared to controls without CKD to identify costs attributable to CKD. Cost items included hospital, emergency, medication, general practice, pathology, dialysis and outpatient services. Costs were expressed in 2023 AUD.

Results

There were 114,899 individuals with CKD in 2019. Average yearly costs attributable to CKD were $3,367 for Stage 1, $4,114 for Stage 2, $3,607 for Stage 3a, $6,572 for Stage 3b, $11,456 for Stage 4 and $62,558 for Stage 5. Non-dialysis hospital costs were the biggest contributor, followed by dialysis costs. The estimated total cost of CKD to Australia was $8.3 billion for 2019.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the significant cost burden of CKD. While CKD costs per individual are highest in later stages, the greater number of early-stage CKD cases means the majority of the cost burden is located among early-stage cases. Primary and secondary prevention strategies are likely key to reducing costs.
Serological evidence of sarbecovirus exposure along Sunda pangolin trafficking pathways
Authors: Worthington Brian M. , Wong Portia Y.-H. , Kumaree Kishoree K. , Prigge Tracey-Leigh , Ng Kar Hon , Liao Yunshi , Martelli Paolo , Churgin Sarah , Lee Foo K. , Perkins Chris , Bradley Michael , Pierce Mac P. , Shum Marcus H.-H. , Miot Elliott F. , Cheung William Y.-M. , McIlroy Shelby E. , Nash Helen C. , Wirdateti  , Semiadi Gono , Tan Chee-Wah , Wang Lin-Fa , Ades Gary , Baker David M. , Dingle Caroline , Pybus Oliver G. , Holmes Edward C. , Leung Gabriel M. , Guan Yi , Zhu Huachen , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Lam Tommy T. Y.
Published: November 2024

Background

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) involved in the illegal wildlife trade in mainland China were identified as hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs). Although it is unconfirmed whether pangolins or other traded wildlife served as intermediate hosts for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the trafficking of pangolins presents a clear risk for transmission of viruses with zoonotic and epizootic potential regardless. We have investigated the origins of pangolin carcasses seized in Hong Kong and have evaluated their potential exposure to SARSr-CoVs, other coronaviruses, and paramyxoviruses, aiming to address a gap in our knowledge with regard to the role of wildlife trade in the maintenance and emergence of pathogens with zoonotic and epizootic potential.

Results

Using a combination of virological and wildlife forensics tools, we investigated 89 Sunda pangolin carcasses seized by Hong Kong authorities during anti-smuggling operations in the territory conducted in 2013 (n = 1) and 2018 (n = 88). Swabs, organ tissues, blood, and other body fluids were collected during post-mortem examination. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which employ a double-antigen sandwich format, were used to detect antibodies reactive against SARSr-CoVs. One individual was found to be seropositive with support from both methods, while five individuals exhibited a putatively seropositive result from one ELISA method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for coronavirus and paramyxovirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) did not yield any positives. Based on genomic data, the seropositive individual was determined to have likely originated from Java, while the putatively seropositive individuals were determined to have originated from populations in Borneo, Java, and Singapore/Sumatra.

Conclusions

While the role of pangolins in the evolution and ecology of SARS-CoV-2 is uncertain, our results suggest susceptibility and potential exposure of pangolins to SARSr-CoVs, occurring naturally or associated with the illegal trafficking of these animals. Complex dynamics between natural populations, traded individuals, and pathogen susceptibility complicate conclusions about the role of pangolins, as well as other host species, in the ecology of SARSr-CoVs and potentially zoonotic viruses with risk of future emergence.
Carrageenan and insulin resistance in humans: a randomised double-blind cross-over trial
Authors: Wagner Robert , Buettner Janine , Heni Martin , Fritsche Louise , Kullmann Stephanie , Wagmüller Moritz , Peter Andreas , Preissl Hubert , Machann Jürgen , Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg Reiner , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Pape Ulrich-Frank , van Hall Gerrit , Plomgaard Peter , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas , Thompson Kelsey N. , Klein Reinhild , Stefan Norbert
Published: November 2024

Background

The potential impact of specific food additives, common in Western diets, on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is not well understood. This study focuses on carrageenan, a widely used food additive known to induce insulin resistance and gut inflammation in animal models, and its effects on human health.

Methods

In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial conducted at a university hospital metabolic study centre, 20 males (age 27.4 ± 4.3 years, BMI 24.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2) participated. The intervention involved oral intake of carrageenan (250 mg) or placebo in the morning and in the evening and each intervention lasted 2 weeks. The primary outcome measured was insulin sensitivity (using oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp). Additional end-points included whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity, MRI-measured brain inflammation and insulin resistance, intestinal permeability (via lactulose-mannitol test and plasma zonulin levels), and gut microbiome composition. Immune-cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured.

Results

Overall insulin sensitivity did not show significant differences between the treatments. However, interactions between BMI and treatment were observed (OGTT-based insulin sensitivity index: p=0.04, fasting insulin resistance:
p=0.01, hepatic insulin sensitivity index: p=0.04). In overweight participants, carrageenan exposure resulted in lower whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity, a trend towards increased brain inflammation, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels compared to placebo. Additionally, carrageenan was associated with increased intestinal permeability. In vitro natural killer (NK-)cell activation and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release were found after carrageenan exposure in the participant’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that carrageenan, a common food additive, may contribute to insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation in overweight individuals through pro-inflammatory mechanisms in the gut. Further investigation into the long-term health impacts of carrageenan and other food additives is warranted.

Trial registration

NCT02629705.