bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of sweeteners on the quality characteristics of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) JungKwa
Authors: Lee Yeong-Min , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Cho Jeong-Seok , Choi Ji-Young , Woo Jin-Ho , Moon Kwang-Deog
Published: September 2017

In this study the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) Jungkwa with different kinds of sweeteners were determined. Jungkwa made with different sugars (sugar, xylitol, honey or oligosaccharides) were compared in aspect of physiochemical properties, antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents and sensory evaluation. Moisture contents Jungkwa treated different kinds of oligosaccarides showed highest value, in the order of honey, xylitol and sugar. L* value of Jungkwa treated with xylitol was the highest, a* value of Jungkwa treated with honey, sugar Jungkwa were higher then others. Free sugar contents of Jungkwa treated with sugar showed the highest value in sucrose, glucose and galactose. Jungkwa with xylitol showed lowest value in all free sugar contents. Hardness and chewiness of Jungkwa treated with xylitol showed the highest value. The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and total penolic content were the highest in Jungkwa treated with honey, followed by Jungkwa treated with xylitol, oligosaccharides and sugar. Appearance and color of oligosaccarides and honey treated Jungkwa were preferred. In ginger taste, sweetness, chewiness were highest in sugar treated Jungkwa (not significant difference in treatments). As a result, honey treated Jungkwa has higher antioxidant activity and quality than other sugar treatments.
Quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of rice cookies added with Lentinus edodes powder
Authors: Kim Mee-Jin , Chung Hai-Jung
Published: September 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lentinus edodes powder on the quality characteristics and antioxidant of rice cookies. The cookies for this experiment was made by 3 main ingredients including rice powder, flour, Lentinus edodes powder. The proportion of rice powder was fixed to 50% for the total amount of ingredients. The amount of reminded 2 ingredients (flour and Lentinus edodes powder) were varied. The amount of flour was decreased up to 38%, and the addition of Lentinus edodes powder was increased to 4%, 8% and 12%. Density of the dough, hardness, total polyphenol content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and reducing power increased with increasing Lentinus edodes powder content. Moisture content, pH of the dough, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, and L values of the cookies were decreased with increasing Lentinus edodes powder content. The result of consumer acceptance test revealed that there were no significant differences in smell, taste and overall acceptability, while the preference of color decreased as the amount of Lentinus edodes powder increased. To sum up, the cookies with 12% Lentinus edodes powder can produced the best results in terms of quality and antioxidant potential.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of red garlic compositions
Authors: Kang Min Jung , Kim Dong-Gyu , Shin Jung Hye
Published: September 2017

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and traditional herb has several functional properties and strong biological activities, making it useful as a functional food material. We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of mixed compounds from red garlic and supplementary materials, including ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum), quince (Chaenomeles sinensis), citrus peel (Citri Pericarpium), and mint (Mentha arvensis). The extracts were prepared with water (W) and ethanol (E) at 70℃ (W-70, E-70) and 95℃ (W-95, E-95) for 3 h. The total content of phenolic compounds was the highest in E-70 (608.60 mg/100 g). Alliin, one of the active ingredients in red garlic, was contained at 1.18-1.29 mg/g and 0.81-0.85 mg/g in water and ethanol extract, respectively. Another active ingredient of red garlic, S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) had higher content in the water extract than in the ethanol extracts. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in E-70 (15.96-73.65%) at 313-5,000 μg/mL. ABTS radical scavenging activity was also higher in E-70 (5.71-77.19%) than in the others. The ROS production rate showed the same tendency as the NO production, with more efficacy in E-95. The expression level of iNOS and IL-1β was decreased in the E-95 significantly at the concentration of 1,000 μg/mL compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated group. Based on the above results, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts of red garlic and supplementary materials were expressed by different useful substances. The contents of these useful substances were different according to the extraction solvent and temperature.
Blending effect of Campbell Early and aronia wines fermented by the mixed culture of Pichia anomala JK04 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermivin
Authors: Jeong Hyo-sung , Lee Sae-Byuk , Yeo Su-bin , Kim Da-Hye , Choi Jun-Su , Kim Dong-Hwan , Yeo Soo-Hwan , Park Heui-Dong
Published: September 2017

To improve functionality and palatability of Korean Campbell Early wine. Campbell Early and aronia were fermented by either individually or at 5:5 (v/v) mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermivin and Pichia anomala JK04. Blending was carried out using those two wines with different mixing ratio. Antioxidant activity analysis and sensory evaluation of blending wines were conducted. The Campbell Early wine and aronia wine blended with 9:1 (v/v) ratio showed excellent antioxidant activity and sensory scores. Total anthocyanin compound, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic compound of blending wines were higher than those of Campbell Early wine (control). Hue and intensity values increased in the order of A, B, C and D, E, F depending on P. anomala JK04 use. Anonia wine contributed the increase in a and b values of blending wine. Although blending wines fermented by P. anomala JK04 increased small amounts of aldehyde and acid compound, ester compound, the most important factor for wine aroma was also increased sharply. Adding aronia wine fermented by single culture of P. anomala JK04 (A, D) got higher color, taste, sourness and overall preference scores than other wines in the sensory evaluation. All of blending wines showed higher flavor scores than control did. This research shows a possibility of blending and utilizing non-Saccharomyces yeast for Korean wine industry.
Evaluation of biological activities of plasma-treated phloridzin
Authors: Gyeong Han Jeong , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: September 2017

Phloridzin is a predominant member of the chemical class of dihydrochalcones and mainly found in apple. The biological activity of phloridzin treated with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was evaluated to investigate whether exposure to plasma can be used as a tools to enhance the biological activity of natural resources. DBD plasma treatment of phloridzin was carried out for three different exposure times. The antioxidant effects of degraded phloridzin for different reaction time were evaluated via radical scavenging assay using DPPH radical. In addition, the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties of the degraded phloridzin were measured based on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. Phloridzin treated for 60 min showed significantly higher radical scavenging, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared to the tested positive controls. Degradation of phloridizin induced by DBD plasma might be responsible for enhancing the biological activity of phloridizin.
Effect of dried Hovenia dulcis fruit powder on quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of cookies
Authors: Park Bo Ram , Choi Ji Eun , Lee Jun Ho
Published: September 2017

Hovenia dulcis fruit powder (HFP) has shown diverse functional activities; thus, it is rational to incorporate HFP into suitable food products with enhanced nutritional and functional quality, and their incorporation into bakery products such as cookies could be a good alternative for the increase of consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of HFP addition on the quality characteristics of cookies. The pH of cookie doughs ranged from 5.80-6.34, with no remarkable differences by HFP addition. Density of cookie doughs significantly decreased upon addition of HFP (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among samples added with HFP (p>0.05). Moisture content and spread factor of cookies significantly increased with higher content of HFP in the formulation (p<0.05). For color values of cookie surface, L* and b*-values decreased while a*-value increased as a result of HFP substitution (p<0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) with higher substitution of HFP, showing a positive correlation. Hedonic sensory results indicated that cookies supplemented with 4% HFP received the most favorable acceptance scores for sensory attributes. Overall, HFP-added cookies could be developed with improved physicochemical qualities without sacrificing consumer acceptability.
Inhibitory effects of curcumin on high glucose-induced damages: Implications for alleviating diabetic complications
Authors: Kim Kyeong Yee , Kim Choon Young
Published: September 2017

Hyperglycemia found in diabetes mellitus causes several physiological abnormalities including the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress. Accumulation of AGEs and elevation of oxidative stress plays major roles in the development of diabetic complications. Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes is known to improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level. Curcumin (CCM), a bioactive component of turmeric, has been reported as a potent antioxidant. Present work aimed to elucidate the roles of CCM in high glucose-induced protein glycation and intracellular events in mature adipocytes. The results demonstrated that CCM inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGEs by approximated 52% at 3 weeks of bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation with glucose. Correspondingly, CCM decreased the levels of fructosamine and α-dicarbonyl compounds during BSA glycation with glucose. These data suggested that CCM might be a new promising anti-glycation agent. Also, CCM reduced high glucose-induced oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner, whereas CCM treatment time-dependently elevated the expression of adiponectin gene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The findings from this study suggested the possibility of therapeutic use of CCM for the prevention of diabetic complications and obesity-related diseases.
Effects of confinement on body mass and site fidelity of feral pigeons during the setting-up of pigeon houses
Authors: Gasparini Julien , Dauphin Lise , Favrelière Justine , Frantz Adrien , Jacquin Lisa , Récapet Charlotte , Prévot Anne-Caroline
Published: September 2017

Feral pigeons can reach high densities in the urban environments and have thus been subject to various regulation programs. Recently, an alternative ethical regulation strategy based on the installation of artificial breeding facilities has been tested in European cities. In Paris (France), pigeons are first confined for several weeks within the pigeon house before being released. According to authorities, this method allows to retain confined pigeons in this new habitat and to attract more conspecifics. This study aims at evaluating the efficiency and potential side-effects of this method by assessing pigeon fidelity behaviour and pigeon welfare after release. Results show that confinement in pigeon houses induced a significant body mass loss in birds. Only 19% of confined pigeons became faithful to their new habitat. This fidelity depended on the origin of birds suggesting that pigeons captured closer to the pigeon houses are more likely to stay in the vicinity of the pigeon house one year after. Investigations on methods of regulation on animal behavior may help to improve management procedures.
Determinants of genetic structure of the Sub-Saharan parasitic waspCotesia sesamiae
Authors: Branca Antoine , Le Ru Bruno , Calatayud Paul-André , Obonyo Julius , Muzyoka Boaz , Capdevielle-Dulac Claire , Kaiser-Arnauld Laure , Silvain Jean-François , Gauthier Jérémy , Paillusson Corentin , Gayral Philippe , Herniou Elisabeth A. , Dupas Stéphane
Published: September 2017

Parasitoid life style represents one of the most diversified life history strategies on earth. There are however very few studies on the variables associated with intraspecific diversity of parasitoid insects, especially regarding the relationship with spatial, biotic and abiotic ecological factors.Cotesia sesamiaeis a Sub-Saharan stenophagous parasitic wasp that parasitizes several African stemborer species with variable developmental success. The different host-specialized populations are infected with different strains ofWolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium widespread in arthropods that is known for impacting life history traits notably reproduction, and consequently species distribution. In this study, first we analyzed the genetic structure ofC. sesamiaeacross Sub-Saharan Africa, using 8 microsatellite markers, and 3 clustering software. We identified five major population clusters across Sub-Saharan Africa, which probably originated in East African Rift region and expanded throughout Africa in relation to host genus and abiotic factors such as climatic classifications. Using laboratory lines, we estimated the incompatibility between the different strains ofWolbachiainfectingC. sesamiae. We observed an incompatibility betweenWolbachiastrains was asymmetric; expressed in one direction only. Based on these results, we assessed the relationships between direction of gene flow andWolbachiainfections in the genetic clusters. We found thatWolbachia-induced reproductive incompatibility was less influential than host specialization in the genetic structure. BothWolbachiaand host were more influential than geography and current climatic conditions. These results are discussed in the context of African biogeography, and co-evolution betweenWolbachia, virus parasitoid and host, in the perspective of improving biological control efficiency through a better knowledge of the biodiversity of biological control agents.
Structure of the conservedFrancisellavirulence protein FvfA
Authors: Kolappan Subramania , Lo Karen Y. , Shen Chiao Ling Jennifer , Guttman Julian A. , Craig Lisa
Published: September 2017

Francisella tularensisis a potent human pathogen that invades and survives in macrophage and epithelial cells. Two identical proteins, FTT_0924 fromF. tularensissubsp.tularensisand FTL_1286 fromF. tularensissubsp.holarcticaLVS, have previously been identified as playing a role in protection of the bacteria from osmotic shock and its survival in macrophages. FTT_0924 has been shown to localize to the inner membrane, with its C-terminus exposed to the periplasm. Here, crystal structures of theF. novicidahomologue FTN_0802, which we call FvfA, in two crystal forms are reported at 1.8 Å resolution. FvfA differs from FTT_0924 and FTL_1286 by a single amino acid. FvfA has a DUF1471 fold that closely resembles theEscherichia coliouter membrane lipoprotein RscF, a component of a phosphorelay pathway involved in protecting bacteria from outer membrane perturbation. The structural and functional similarities and differences between these proteins and their implications forF. tularensispathogenesis are discussed.
A spatial approach to transformational change
Authors: Skogland Mari Anna Chatarina
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how strategic alignment of the corporations’ real estate with the organisational strategy may be used to facilitate change within an organisation’s collaborative culture. The focus is on the interconnectedness between spatial and behavioural artefacts in the transition process to a new workplace concept.

Design/methodology/approach

The discussion builds on observational studies and semi-structured interviews with 65 employees in a Norwegian organisation.

Findings

The findings indicate that the physical change, when supported by behavioural artefacts as change management actions, paved way for a cultural change towards increased collaboration between employees and across hierarchical levels. However, misalignments between the new workplace concept and existing behavioural artefacts and cultural constructs also restricted the organisation in fully achieving the intended ends.

Research limitations/implications

Applying a socio-material perspective with explicit focus on issues such as management and culture in workplace studies is important to develop better models for strategic use of a corporations’ real estate.

Originality/value

When new workplace concepts are implemented with the aim of effecting organisational change they require support of a focused change management process where both spatial and behavioural artefacts are designed to support employee adaptation to the new concept. By conducting the change as a continuous iterative process, extending beyond the moving process itself, the corporate real estate management (CREM) may add to the success by guiding and steering the organisation in the right direction.
CFTC modernizes Rule 1.31 recordkeeping requirements
Authors: Mitchell David S. , McLaughlin Robert M. , Breslin William J. , Mazgalev Victoria T. , Golden Scott I.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To provide an overview of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (the “CFTC” or “Commission”) recent amendments to CFTC Rule 1.31, which sets forth recordkeeping requirements for all records required to be kept pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and Commission regulations.

Design/methodology/approach

This article discusses the significant May 2017 amendments to CFTC Rule 1.31 and the practical impact of these amendments for entities subject to the rule’s requirements.

Findings

The CFTC’s recordkeeping amendments do not impose any new substantive recordkeeping requirements, but modernize and make technology neutral the form and manner in which regulatory records must be kept. By eliminating a number of prescriptive and outdated requirements, the amendments should provide greater flexibility to “records entities” to adopt new technologies in response to evolving technological developments.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced commodities, futures and derivatives lawyers.
FINRA releases new guidance regarding social media and digital communications
Authors: Sacks Russell , Morton Jennifer , Jordan Jenny , Blau Steven , Kelly Sean
Published: September 2017

Purpose

In April 2017, FINRA issued a regulatory notice addressing the use of social media and digital communications by broker-dealers. The notice expanded on previous FINRA guidance on these topics. This article provides clarity regarding how social media and digital communications fit within the requirements of various FINRA rules and provides guidance to firms and their registered representatives.

Design/methodology/approach

The principal topics addressed by FINRA’s regulatory notice are: (a) text messaging, (b) personal versus business communications, (c) third-party content and hyperlinks, (d) native advertising, (e) testimonials and endorsements and (f) links to BrokerCheck. This article presents an overview of each of these topics, respectively.

Findings

Under recordkeeping requirements, firms must ensure that they are able to retain communications made through text messaging and chat services. Business communications, which relate to the products or services of the firm, are subject to filing and content requirements, while personal communications are not. Under certain circumstances, third-party posts on social media sites established by the member and testimonials may be attributable to the firm. Native advertising, while permissible, must comply with content requirements. Firm-created electronic applications do not have to provide a link to BrokerCheck.

Originality/value

Firms and their registered representatives will gain a better understanding of what is permissible pursuant to FINRA and SEC rules as they communicate digitally and via social media.
Kokesh v. SEC: the end of a disgorgement era?
Authors: Litt Marc , Tomas Jerome P. , Yingling Elizabeth L. , Kirby Richard A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To explain the Supreme Court’s ruling in its recent Kokesh v. SEC decision and its impact on the SEC’s ability to recover disgorgement of ill-gotten gains beyond the five-year statute of limitations.

Design/methodology/approach

This article discusses the Supreme Court’s recent decision and the immediate effects it will have on the SEC’s approach to a variety of cases in which a significant portion of the recovery may now be outside the statute of limitations.

Findings

The article concludes that the recent Supreme Court decision will have an immediate effect of preventing the SEC from reaching back beyond five years for disgorgement; however, the SEC may be able to comply with Kokesh and modify its procedures so that its financial recoveries from those that violate securities laws may be categorized as an equitable remedy (like restitution) rather than as a penalty (like forfeiture) which is subject to a five-year statute of limitations.

Originality/value

The article provides practical guidance from experienced securities litigation and white collar crime lawyers. It explains and analyzes the Supreme Court decision that severely limits the ability of the SEC to seek disgorgement by limiting the SEC’s use of disgorgement to a five-year statute of limitations.
The ABCs of fund finance: credit facilities for secondaries funds and funds of funds
Authors: Kerfoot Matthew K. , Alicandri Jay R. , Perkins Russel G.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To review and analyze the key structural considerations secondaries funds and funds of funds must consider when negotiating credit facilities secured by limited partnership (LP) interests.

Design/methodology/approach

This article provides an overview of the primary issues that arise with credit facilities secured by LP interests. These issues include the ability to provide a perfected security interest in LP interests, understanding a credit facility’s borrowing base and advance rates, and the potential impact of certain types of events of default.

Findings

Secondaries funds and funds of funds have raised significant amounts of equity capital in recent years. These funds acquire portfolios of LP interests and are increasingly deploying leverage to amplify the returns of these portfolios and provide these funds with a limited degree of liquidity. The leverage is secured by the LP interests. The credit facilities that the funds are structuring and negotiating present a host of issues unique to this type of fund finance. Provided the facilities are properly structured and negotiated, secondaries funds and funds-of-funds borrowers will be able to use these facilities to help meet investment-return objectives and address important portfolio-management needs.

Practical implications

Secondaries funds and funds of funds can benefit from leverage secured by their portfolios of LP interests. This article provides a road map for borrowers when structuring and negotiating these credit facilities.

Originality/value

Practical analysis from a premier corporate law firm on the issues presented by the increasing use of credit facilities by secondaries funds and funds of funds.
Direct lending by funds: a comparison of the key EU jurisdictions
Authors: Smith Thomas , Volhard Patricia , Davies Alan , Maugüé Pierre , Paruzzolo Marco
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To compare the key EU regimes regulating direct lending by private funds.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides a summary of the key factors to be examined when looking at the provision of direct loans by private funds in the key jurisdictions, followed by a summary of existing pan-European regulations, followed by a focus regulations in on the UK, Germany, France and Italy.

Findings

The liberalisation of the national regimes for loan origination by funds in many European Union jurisdictions is a welcome development for both credit fund sponsors wishing to access investment opportunities in these jurisdictions and the borrowers unable to secure adequate financing from traditional sources such as banks. At the same time, the creation of a pan-European regulatory regime, with a passport for lending activities, would further facilitate market access by loan originating funds, as long as such regime does not impose onerous burdens or unnecessary restrictions on the funds and their managers.

Practical implications

The article gives an insight on the relative opportunities for direct lending funds in the EU, and how best to structure to take advantage of them.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers
Creating a sustainable graduate student workshop series
Authors: Peacemaker Bettina , Roseberry Martha
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on librarians’ experience creating and sustaining a workshop and webinar series for graduate students over the course of four years.

Design/methodology/approach

Difficulties hosting and promoting stand-alone graduate workshops and a collaborative method for planning workshop days and webinars are described in this case study. Attendance data were collected and recorded for each event, and additional quantitative data were collected via registration forms and post-event surveys.

Findings

Working collaboratively as a department eased planning and promotional responsibilities, allowing for a sustainable workshop series. Focusing on a limited number of events per semester and developing a brand identity for the series streamlined promotion and increased attendance, relative to discipline-based, stand-alone workshops.

Originality/value

While many libraries host workshops, the originality of the program lies in the collaborative planning and promotion process that efficiently uses librarian time and expertise to continuously offer well-attended graduate workshops and webinars. This case study could be used as an example for institutions considering to start a workshop series or those experiencing difficulties with stand-alone workshops.
Reference management software preferences among liberal arts faculty
Authors: Lonergan Nicholas
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine faculty preferences and attitudes regarding reference management software (RMS) to improve the library’s support and training programs.

Design/methodology/approach

A short, online survey was emailed to approximately 272 faculty.

Findings

Survey results indicated that multiple RMS were in use, with faculty preferring Zotero over the library-supported RefWorks. More than 40 per cent did not use any RMS.

Research limitations/implications

The relatively short length of the survey precluded a more detailed investigation of faculty attitudes. The 20 per cent response rate, although typical of surveys of this type, may over-represent those faculty who have strong attitudes toward RMS. These findings support the necessity of doing more research to establish the parameters of the RMS environment among faculty, with implications for support, instruction and outreach at the institutional level.

Practical implications

Surveys should be conducted to establish local faculty RMS usage and preferences, as they may differ from both published findings and local expectations. Because it is unlikely that faculty will overwhelmingly use one RMS, libraries should plan to support multiple RMS.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to investigate the issue of RMS faculty preferences in a liberal arts setting.
Library instruction and information literacy 2016
Authors: Reynolds Latisha , Willenborg Amber , McClellan Samantha , Linares Rosalinda Hernandez , Sterner Elizabeth Alison
Published: September 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to present recently published resources on information literacy and library instruction providing an introductory overview and a selected annotated bibliography of publications covering all library types.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces and annotates English-language periodical articles, monographs, dissertations and other materials on library instruction and information literacy published in 2016.

Findings

The paper provides information about each source, describes the characteristics of current scholarship and highlights sources that contain unique or significant scholarly contributions.

Originality/value

The information may be used by librarians and interested parties as a quick reference to literature on library instruction and information literacy.
Did it count?: Preservice teachers’ reflections on teaching with primary sources
Authors: Morowski Deborah Lynn , McCormick Theresa M.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

During field experiences, preservice teachers often are asked plan and teach a lesson and then to reflect on their teaching. The purpose of this paper is to examine the guided reflections of 66 preservice teachers after they planned and implemented a primary source-based lesson in an elementary classroom. The project occurred during the preservice teachers’ enrollment in a social studies methods course.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study utilized a fieldwork approach as the methodological framework. This approach provided data that allowed the researchers to develop a deeper understanding of the preservice teachers’ experiences. Data were analyzed using Bogdan and Biklen’s (1998) content unit of analysis. Descriptive and interpretive coding schemes were used to analyze data using a priori categories of successes and challenges.

Findings

The preservice teachers were able to engage in technical and practical reflection, considering strategies used in the classroom and their effects on student learning, but they were unable to reflect at the critical level, thinking about moral and ethical decisions. The themes and subthemes that many of the preservice teachers identified as successes, others identified as challenges.

Originality/value

This study highlights the importance of preservice teachers engaging with primary sources, as well as with frequent, meaningful, and ongoing field experiences. Teacher educators need to provide multiple opportunities for teacher candidates to reflect broadly and deeply on their teaching practice and student learning. Additional research needs to be conducted to assess the impact of preservice teachers use of primary sources in the elementary classroom.
Paradigm flip? Investigating technology-integrated history pedagogies
Authors: DeSantis Josh , Boyd Ryan , Marks Kyle , Putsch Jake , Shepler Terrance
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Successful technology integration into the teaching of social studies is imperative in the twenty-first century classroom. This study sought to answer the following questions: do synchronous and asynchronous technology integration increase a student’s understanding of social studies content? Are synchronous technology-integrated social studies lessons more effective than asynchronous technology-integrated social studies lessons? How do students perceive the effectiveness of a synchronous technology-integrated lesson vs the effectiveness of an asynchronous technology-integrated lesson? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents the results of a quasi-experimental research project comparing the learning outcomes of students who participated in synchronous and asynchronous technology-augmented lessons.

Findings

The results of this study found that synchronous and asynchronous technology-enhanced lessons are both viable pedagogies for increasing a student’s understanding of social studies content. The results also yielded no statistical significance between the effectiveness of the synchronous instruction vs asynchronous instruction. However, a statistical significance exists when analyzing a student’s perception of their own learning. Students participating in synchronous technology-integrated instruction reported a higher confidence in the lesson’s ability to teach them, when compared to that of the asynchronous population.

Originality/value

By continuing to seek new ways to integrate technology effectively into classrooms, social studies teachers can design lessons more effectively to meet the needs of today’s social studies students. The need to understand the learning outcomes of various technology-integrated approaches will continue to grow as more technologies become available to social studies teachers.
Outside in: a critically compassionate approach to education for civic engagement
Authors: Lucey Thomas , Agnello Mary Frances , Laney James Duke
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for preparing teacher candidates to educate for civic engagement through a philosophy of critical compassion.

Design/methodology/approach

It begins with an examination of citizenship’s contextual relevancy and the importance of developing citizens who possess the adaptability to practice compassion in a variety of contexts. It provides a series of example art-based discussion activities founded on the principles of introspection and community. Such activities offer potential to foster a compassionate sense of personal self-worth with candidates through a sense of inner care.

Findings

Candidates develop a sense of self-appreciation sourced independently from patterns of social controls and promoting an empathy toward other people that they, in turn, can develop in their students.

Originality/value

These processes offer potential to empower candidates to view citizenship as a process of social engagement that respects the equitable contribution of all participants.
Impact of endometriosis on risk of further gynaecological surgery and cancer: a national cohort study
Authors: Saraswat L , Ayansina D , Cooper KG , Bhattacharya S , Horne AW , Bhattacharya S
Published: September 2017

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term risk of further gynaecological surgery and cancer in women with endometriosis.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Scotland.

Participants

281 937 women with nearly 5 million person years (4 923 628) of follow up from 1981 to 2010.

Methods

In this national population‐based study we compared 17 834 women with a new surgical diagnosis of endometriosis with 83 303 women with no evidence of endometriosis at laparoscopy, 162 966 women who underwent laparoscopic sterilisation, and 17 834 age‐matched women from the general population. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Main outcome measures

Risk of further gynaecological surgery, number and type of repeat surgery and time to repeat surgery from the diagnosis of endometriosis. Cancer outcomes included subsequent risk of all cancer, gynaecological and non–gynaecological cancers.

Results

Women with endometriosis had a significantly higher risk of further surgery when compared with women with no evidence of endometriosis at laparoscopy [hazard ratio (HR) 1.69, 95% (confidence interval) CI 1.65–1.73], women who had undergone laparoscopic sterilisation (HR 3.30, 95% CI 3.23–3.37) and age‐matched women from the general population (HR 5.95, 95% CI 5.71–6.20). They also have an increased risk of ovarian cancer when compared with general population counterparts (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.08–2.89) or those with laparoscopic sterilisation (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.2–2.45).

Conclusion

Women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis face an increased risk of multiple surgery. They have a higher chance of developing ovarian cancer in comparison with the general population and women with laparoscopic sterilisation.

Tweetable abstract

Women with endometriosis face an increased risk of recurrent surgery and developing ovarian cancer.
Characterization of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a measure of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chandrashekara S. , Mukhtar Ahmad Masoodi , Renuka Panchagnula , Anupama K. R. , Renuka K.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is one of the well‐recognized sensitive measures of inflammation. This cross‐sectional observational study was aimed at characterizing the relationship ofNLRwith the inflammatory markers erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reative protein (CRP), Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28)‐CRP(3), joint counts and quality measures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Materials and Methods

Patients withRAwere recruited in two phases. The following were assessed for all patients: joint count, pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), complete blood count,ESR,CRPand quality index assessment using the Short Form health survey (SF‐36) questionnaire. A subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the association betweenNLRand cytokines.

Results

Four hundred and eighty‐nine subjects were recruited. Distribution ofNLRvalues corresponded withDAS28‐CRP(3) rather thanCRPandESR. A significant difference inVAS, swollen joint counts (SJC‐28), inflammatory parameters and general health outcome measures was observed among theNLRgroups. A weak correlation was observed betweenNLRandRAdisease measures. It had least bias at lower ranges withDAS28‐CRP(3) thanCRPandESR. TheNLRcut‐off value of 1.4 classified the patients in deep remission with 90% specificity, 24% sensitivity, likelihood ratio positive (LR+) 2.46 and likelihood ratio negative (LR−) 0.84.CRPwas a significant baseline predictor ofNLR. A significant influence of interleukin‐6 onCRPwas noted.

Conclusion

In contrast to the traditional markers,NLRmay serve as a less expensive and effective measure of inflammation inRA. Its efficacy is comparable to that ofCRPand it is not impacted by the cytokines influencingCRPandESR.
Disease activity trajectories in early rheumatoid arthritis following intensive DMARD therapy over 3 years: association with persistence to therapy
Authors: Wabe Nasir , Wojciechowski Jessica , Wechalekar Mihir D. , Cleland Leslie G. , McWilliams Leah , Lee Anita , Proudman Susanna , Wiese Michael D.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To identify the disease activity trajectories during intensive triple disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy over 3 years in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to evaluate the association with treatment persistence.

Methods

Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, baseline risk factors and medication usage were obtained from a longitudinal observational cohort of early RA patients, most of whom were treated with combination DMARD therapy consisting of methotrexate, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine. Persistence of each DMARD was defined as the duration of time from initiation to cessation. A group‐based trajectory modelling technique was used to identify disease activity trajectories.

Result

Three disease activity trajectories (good [43.8%], moderate [39.7%] and poor [16.5%]) were identified in a cohort of 297 patients. Most baseline risk factors, medication usage, the rate of treatment persistence and the effect of persistence on disease activity differed among patients in each of the three trajectories. Although the rate of persistence was higher in the trajectory with a good outcome, the association with persistence was more pronounced among patients who were in the poor outcome trajectory. Persistence with at least two or all three baseline DMARDs was associated with a decrease in disease activity to a broadly similar degree in all trajectories.

Conclusion

After correction for other baseline prognostic factors, persistence with initial DMARDs contributes to heterogeneity in disease activity trajectory and there was an association between persistence with initial DMARD therapy and lower long‐term disease activity.
Responses of aquatic food webs to the addition of structural complexity and basal resource diversity in degraded Neotropical streams
Authors: Ceneviva‐Bastos Mônica , Montaña Carmen G. , Schalk Christopher M. , Camargo Plínio B. , Casatti Lilian
Published: September 2017

The loss of riparian forests can disrupt the structure and function of lotic ecosystems through increased habitat homogenization and decreased resource diversity. We conducted a field experiment and manipulated structural complexity and basal resource diversity to determine their effect on multiple aspects of community and food‐web structure of degraded tropical streams. In‐stream manipulations included the addition of woody debris (WD) and the addition of wood and leaf packs (WLP). The addition of structural complexity to degraded streams promoted detritus retention and had a positive effect on stream taxonomic richness, abundance and biomass. At the conclusion of the experiment, abundance and richness in the WD‐treated reaches increased by over 110% and 80%, respectively, while abundance and richness in the WLP‐treated reaches increased by over 280% and 170% respectively. Wood debris and leaves were consumed only by few taxa. Detritivorous taxa were the most abundant trophic guild at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Food webs in treated reaches were relatively more complex in terms of links and species at the conclusion of the experiment, with highest maximum food chain length in the WD treatments and highest number of trophic species, links, link density, predators and prey at the WLP treatment. Despite differences observed in diet‐based food webs, there was little variation in isotopic niche space, likely due to the high degree of omnivory and trophic redundancy, which was attributed to the importance of fine detritus that supported a broad range of consumers. Even in these degraded streams, aquatic taxa responded to the addition of increased complexity suggesting that these efforts may be an effective first step to restoring the structure and function of these food webs.
Description of post‐implantation embryonic stages in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) after embryonic diapause
Authors: Beyes M. , Nause N. , Bleyer M. , Kaup F.‐J. , Neumann S.
Published: September 2017

The embryonic stage of development is defined as the period between fertilization and the establishment of most of the organ systems by the end of this period. Development in this stage is rapid. In many mammalian species, particularly in humans, the interval between fertilization and implantation is exactly determined and continuous without intermission. However, European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) embryos undergo a reversible retardation of development. This interesting reproduction strategy is called embryonic diapause (delayed implantation). After this period of embryonic arrest, development continues without further interruption. The aim of this study was to investigate embryonic development after diapause in European roe deer. Because of the embryonic diapause and the unknown date of fertilization, it was impossible to assign the embryos to a certain gestational age (days). This study describes normal stages of embryonic development mainly based on the external morphological traits of 56 well‐preserved post‐implantation roe deer embryos and attempts to assign the embryos to certain development stages. Carnegie stages of human embryos were used as an orientation for staging roe deer embryos. We observed a considerable range of variation of embryonic stages investigated until the end of January. We found post‐implantation stages of embryonic development already at the end of December and foetuses at the end of January. Moreover, assigning the embryos to a particular stage of development allows the comparison between pairs of twins and triplets. We showed that twins and triplets were always at the same development level, despite the discrepancy in inter‐twin and inter‐triplet size.
Heifers express G‐protein coupled receptor 153 in anterior pituitary gonadotrophs in stage‐dependent manner
Authors: Pandey Kiran , Kereilwe Onalenna , Kadokawa Hiroya
Published: September 2017

We recently found that orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPR)153 is expressed in the anterior pituitary (AP) of heifers, leading us to speculate that GPR153 colocalizes with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) in the plasma membrane of gonadotrophs and is expressed at specific times of the reproductive cycle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the coexpression of GnRHR, GPR153, and either luteinizing hormone or follicle‐stimulating hormone in AP tissue and cultured AP cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. GPR153 was detected in the gonadotrophs, and was colocalized with GnRHR in the plasma membrane. GPR153 was also detected in the cytoplasm of cultured gonadotrophs. Real‐time PCR and western blot analyses found that expression was lower (P < 0.05) in AP tissues during early luteal phase as compared to pre‐ovulation or late luteal phases. The 5′‐flanking region of the GPR153 gene contained a consensus response element sequence for estrogen, but not for progesterone. These data suggest that some, but not all GPR153 colocalizes with GnRHR in the plasma membrane of gonadotrophs, and its expression changes stage‐dependently in the bovine AP.
An online growth mindset intervention in a sample of rural adolescent girls
Authors: Burnette Jeni L. , Russell Michelle V. , Hoyt Crystal L. , Orvidas Kasey , Widman Laura
Published: September 2017

Background

Students living in rural areas of the United States exhibit lower levels of educational attainment than their suburban counterparts. Innovative interventions are needed to close this educational achievement gap.

Aims

We investigated whether an online growth mindset intervention could be leveraged to promote academic outcomes.

Sample

We tested the mindset intervention in a sample of 222 10th‐grade adolescent girls (M age = 15.2; 38% White, 25% Black, 29% Hispanic) from four rural, low‐income high schools in the Southeastern United States.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of the growth mindset intervention, relative to a sexual health programme. We used random sampling and allocation procedures to assign girls to either the mindset intervention (n = 115) or an attention‐matched control programme (n = 107). We assessed participants at pre‐test, immediate post‐test, and 4‐month follow‐up.

Results

Relative to the control condition, students assigned to the mindset intervention reported stronger growth mindsets at immediate post‐test and 4‐month follow‐up. Although the intervention did not have a total effect on academic attitudes or grades, it indirectly increased motivation to learn, learning efficacy and grades via the shifts in growth mindsets.

Conclusions

Results indicate that this intervention is a promising method to encourage growth mindsets in rural adolescent girls.