bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DUE NUOVE SPECIE DI RAYMONDIONYMUS DELLA TOSCANA (Coleoptera, Raymondionymidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Abbazzi Piero
Published: December 2014

Nella presente nota vengono descritti due nuovi Curculionoidea della Toscana, Raymondionymus degiovannii n. sp. e R. antoninii n. sp., entrambi raccolti mediante l’uso di trappole, il primo nello strato endogeo profondo e il secondo in ambiente ipogeo. R. degiovannii n. sp. risulta affine a R. andreinii (Osella, 1977) dei Monti della Calvana (Firenze-Prato), ma se ne distingue per le dimensioni maggiori, il pronoto più dilatato ai lati, le elitre più larghe alla base, le interstrie più rilevate, la clava più allungata, la netta differenza della superficie inferiore e l’edeago con svasatura apicale diversa, bottone apicale più tozzo e lamina ventrale con curvatura meno marcata. R. antoninii n. sp. si distingue agevolmente dagli altri taxa toscani per la porzione anteriore del corpo particolarmente stretta. Nel testo vengono riportate immagini fotografiche dei principali caratteri morfologici (sia interni che esterni), che contraddistinguono le nuove specie, nell’ambito del genere.
TYPHLOREICHEIA GRAFITTII, NUOVA SPECIE DELLA SARDEGNA CENTRO-ORIENTALE (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Onnis Carlo , Marcia Paolo , Casale Achille
Published: December 2014

Nel presente contributo è descritta e illustrata Typhloreicheia grafittii n. sp. della Sardegna centro-orientale, campionata nel tratto iniziale, a sviluppo orizzontale, della Grotta Sa Rutta ‘e s’Edera 588 Sa/NU (Fennau, Urzulei, Nùoro). La specie risulta affine, per i caratteri dell’edeago e della lamella copulatrice, ad alcune specie del Sud dell’isola, quali T. pellita Leo, Magrini & Fancello, 2005 e T. regina Leo, Magrini & Fancello, 2005, ma se ne differenzia nettamente per alcuni caratteri peculiari: in primo luogo per l’habitus molto stretto e allungato, “cliviniforme”, con pronoto che presenta un valore PMW/PL di solo 0,93, uno dei più bassi all’interno del genere, ed elitre parallele ai lati per buona parte della loro lunghezza, con denticolazione marginale piuttosto ridotta, di soli 10-11 denticoli presenti nei 2/3 basali dell’elitra. L’endofallo presenta una lamella copulatrice simile a quella delle due specie citate, ma molto più sottile in visione laterale e fornita di una seconda lamina dorsale, ampia e meno sclerificata, non presente negli altri due taxa. La nuova specie, per i suoi peculiari caratteri morfologici, si pone per ora in posizione isolata rispetto ai gruppi di specie già noti, e presenta caratteristiche più tipiche di un abitatore di ambiente endogeo o sotterraneo superficiale che non di un elemento proprio di ambiente sotterraneo profondo.
REVIEW OF THE ANILLINA OF MACEDONIA AND DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF PRIONIOMUS FROM GREECE (Coleoptera, Carabidae) (*)
Authors: Giachino Pier Mauro , Vailati Dante
Published: December 2014

(*) Results, in part, of the programme “Research Missions in the Mediterranean Basin” sponsored by the World Biodiversity Association onlus. XXXIIIth contribution.

A revision of the Anillina of Macedonia is given, with the description of the following new species of Winklerites Jeannel, 1937: W. vonickai n. sp. from Bistra planina, W. blazeji n. sp. from Galičica Mts., W. moraveci from Baba Mts. and W. gueorguievi from Ničpurska (Šar planina). W. fodori Guéorguiev, 2007, is redescribed on material coming from a site near the type locality. Prioniomus maleficus n. sp. from Katara pass (Notía Pindos, nom. Tríkala, NW Greece) and P. caoduroi n. sp. from the road Kasteli-Kalavrita (nom. Ahaïa, Peloponnese, Greece) are also described. Ecological and chorological data of some species are given and zoogeographical hypotheses are discussed.
OCYS PHOCEUS N. SP., A NEW INTERESTING OROPHILOUS SPECIES OF CENTRAL GREECE (Coleoptera, Carabidae) (*)
Authors: Giachino Pier Mauro , Vailati Dante
Published: December 2014

(*) Results of the programme “Research Missions in the Mediterranean Basin” sponsored by the World Biodiversity Association onlus. XXVIIIth contribution.

A new species of Trechinae ground beetles (Coleotera, Carabidae), Ocys phoceus n. sp., is described from Kokkiniás Mt. in the Vardoússia Mts. (Prefecture of Fokída, Greece). Ocys phoceus n. sp. is strictly related, and represents the Western vicariant, of O. rotundipennis Huber and Marggi, 2001, of the Parnassós Mt.
ON SEVEN OVERLOOKED CURCULIONOIDEA FROM NORTHERN ITALY (Coleoptera)
Authors: Caldara Roberto , Colonnelli Enzo
Published: December 2014

Seven Curculionoidea described from Lombardy (northern Italy) by Virginio Betta in 1857 and overlooked by subsequent authors are here treated. Since the Betta collection where their types are supposed to have been preserved was never traced, neotypes of all of them are designated with the purpose of clarifying their taxonomic status. Revised combinations are: Pseudeuparius pictus (Betta, 1857) comb. rev. from Tropideres Schoenherr, 1823; Pachytychius aericollis (Betta, 1857) comb. rev. from Smicronyx Schoenherr, 1843; Mecinus vittatus (Betta, 1857) comb. rev. from Gymnetron Schoenherr, 1825; Mecinus areolatus (Betta, 1857) comb. rev. from Gymnetron Schoenherr; Mecinus flavipes (Betta, 1857) comb. rev. from Gymnetron Schoenherr. The following new synonymies are established: Pseudeuparius centromaculatus (Gyllenhal, 1833) [= P. pictus (Betta, 1857) syn. n.]; Pachytychius sparsutus (Olivier, 1807) [= P. aericollis (Betta, 1857) syn. n.]; Smicronyx coecus (Reich, 1797) [= S. minusculus (Betta, 1857) syn. n.]; Mecinus labilis (Herbst, 1795) [= M. vittatus (Betta, 1857) syn. n.]; Mecinus pascuorum (Gyllenhal, 1813) [= M. areolatus (Betta, 1857) syn. n.]; Mecinus latiusculus (Jacquelin du Val, 1855) [= M. flavipes (Betta, 1857) syn. n.]; Mecinus circulatus (Marsham, 1802) [= M. sericatus Betta, 1857 syn. n.].
NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF TWO LITTLE KNOWN TAXA OF CURCULIO LINNAEUS, 1758 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Caldara Roberto , Košťál Michael , Alonso-Zarazaga Miguel A.
Published: December 2014

Two actions preserve taxal nomenclatural stability within Curculionidae in accordance with the Code. Following the provisions of ICZN Article 23.9.1 Curculio pellitus (Boheman, 1843) (formerly Balaninus) becomes a nomen protectum and Curculio gulosus Fabricius, 1792 a nomen oblitum; Curculio villosus Fabricius, 1781 becomes a nomen protectum and Curculio cerasorum Fabricius, 1775 a nomen oblitum. Having met the conditions of ICZN Article 74 and Article 75, the lectotypes of Curculio gulosus Fabricius, 1792 and Curculio cerasorum Fabricius, 1775, and the neotype of Curculio villosus Fabricius, 1781 are designated. The following new synonymy is proposed: Curculio pellitus (Boheman, 1843) = Curculio gulosus Fabricius 1792 n. syn. and the synonymy Curculio villosus Fabricius, 1781 = Curculio cerasorum Fabricius, 1775 is confirmed
CURCULIONOIDEA FROM GOLESTAN PROVINCE, NORTHERN IRAN (Coleoptera)
Authors: Ghahari Hassan , Colonnelli Enzo
Published: December 2014

The 195 species of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) thus far indicated from Golestan province (northern Iran) according to both literature and original records are listed in this paper. New data for 61 species belonging to 18 genera collected during this research are also given. Besides the 42 species newly reported for the Golestan province, the following additional 15 species are newly recorded from Iran: Brachypera lunata, Ceutorhynchus anatolicus, Datonychus urticae, Hypera contaminata, Hypera viciae, Larinus canescens, L. adspersus, Lixus ascanii, Microplontus rugulosus, Neoglocianus smyrnensis, Otiorhynchus tetrarchus, O. scitus, Tychius cuprifer, T. picirostris, T. thoracicus.
TYPHLOREICHEIA FLAVIAE N. SP. DELLA SARDEGNA CENTRO-ORIENTALE, E NOTE AGGIUNTIVE SULLA DISTRIBUZIONE DI TYPHLOREICHEIA BULIRSCHI MAGRINI & BASTIANINI, 2011 (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Onnis Carlo , Marcia Paolo , Casale Achille
Published: December 2014

Nella presente nota è descritta Typhloreicheia flaviae n. sp., scoperta nella Grotta di Istirzili N° 50 Sa/NU, 507 m s.l.m. (Sardegna centro-orientale, Supramonte di Baunei, Ogliastra). La nuova specie è affine a T. casalei Magrini, Marcia & Onnis, 2011, nota di una grotta del Supramonte di Urzulei, ma se ne differenzia per numerosi caratteri indicati nel testo e illustrati nelle figure; in particolare: dimensioni nettamente minori, corpo più depresso, tegumenti meno lucidi, pronoto più ristretto alla base, lobo mediano dell’edeago con apice più appuntito in visione laterale e meno inclinato ventralmente, in visione ventrale più dritto e simmetrico, lamella copulatrice con apice conformato diversamente. La nuova specie non presenta caratteri adattativi alla vita ipogea particolarmente evidenti, ma è complessivamente simile ad altri taxa, endogei o tipici dell’MSS, reperiti recentemente in cavità della Sardegna orientale e meridionale: T. carlonnisi Magrini, Marcia & Casale, 2011, T. casalei Magrini, Marcia & Onnis, 2011 e T. grafittii Magrini, Onnis, Casale & Marcia, 2012. Sono inoltre riportate alcune note addizionali sulla distribuzione di Typhloreicheia bulirschi Magrini & Bastianini, 2011 nella Sardegna meridionale.
OCYDROMUS (NEPHA) KERMANUS N. SP. FROM MT. ZAGROS (IRAN) (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Bonavita Paolo , Rébl Karel
Published: December 2014

Ocydromus (Nepha) kermanus n. sp. is described coming from southern Mt. Zagros, in the Kerman province. Other new data records of distribution are reported about some species of Ocydromus (Nepha).
OBSERVATIONS ON SOME STAPHYLINIDAE AND NEW SYNONYMIES (Coleoptera) (*)
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: December 2014

(*) 238° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae.

The author proposes the following new synonymies: Medon petrochilosi Coiffait, 1970 = Medon impar Assing, 2004, syn. n.; Medon seleucus Bordoni, 1975 = Medon subquadratus Assing, 2004, syn. n.; Medon lydicus Bordoni, 1980 = Medon lanugo Assing, 2004, syn. n.; Medon maronitus (Saulcy, 1864) = Medon reliquus Assing, 2007, syn. n.; Xantholinus puthzi Bordoni, 1979 = Xantholinus penicillatus Assing, 2007, syn. n.; Erymus gracilis (Fauvel, 1895) = Leptacinus mirus Assing, 2011, syn. n.; Tetartopeus rufonitidus (Reitter, 1909) = Tetartopeus ciceronii Zanetti, 1998, syn. n.; Xantholinus Dejean, 1821 = Afrolinus Coiffait, 1962, syn. n. = Calolinus Coiffait, 1956, syn. n. = Heterolius Coiffait, 1983, syn. n. = Idiolinus Casey, 1906, syn. n. = Neoleptophallus Bordoni, 1985, syn. n. = Paracyclinus Bordoni, 1975, syn. n. = Polydontophallus Bordoni, 1972, syn. n. = Purrolinus Coiffait, 1956, syn. n. = Stenophallus Bordoni, 1972, syn. n. = Tetralinus Bordoni, 975, syn. n. = Toxophallus Bordoni, 1972, syn. n.; each previously recognized subgenus is here believed to represent a different species-group. The following taxa are considered valid subgenera of the genus Xantholinus: Typhlolinus Reitter, 1908; Helicophallus Coiffait, 1956, and obviously Xantholinus s. str. (linearisgroup); Neohypnus Coiffait & Saiz, 1964 = Sungaria Bordoni, 2003, syn. n. The following new combinations are subsequently established: Neohypnus mandschuricus (Bernhauer, 1923), comb. n. (East Russia, S Mongolia, Korea); Neohypnus meridionalis (Bordoni, 2003), comb. n. (Guanxi); Neohypnus rougemonti (Bordoni, 2003), comb. n. (Zhejiang, Shaanxi). The genus Sylea Bordoni, 2001 is not a synonym of Vulda Jaquelin du Val, 1853, and is here a revalidated genus, and Xantholinus kazachstanicus Janak, 1979 does not belong to Vulda or Sylea, but it certainly belongs to a different genus, till now pending a formal name, whose delimitation and possible description need additional available material.
REVISION OF THE PURPURICENUS INTERSCAPILLATUS SPECIES - GROUP AND ALLIED TAXA (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Rapuzzi Pierpaolo , Sama Gianfranco
Published: December 2014

A systematic study on Purpuricenus interscapillatus Plavilstshikov, 1937 and related species from southern European and Near East areas is here presented. Several changes in rank status and a new synonymy are proposed, and four new subspecies are described as below: Purpuricenus interscapillatus ssp. barbarae n. ssp. (NW Israel); Purpuricenus interscapillatus ssp. hermonensis n. ssp. (NE Israel); Purpuricenus renyvonae ssp. neocaucasicus n. ssp. (Turkey, Caucasus); Purpuricenus globulicollis ssp. skypetarum n. ssp. (Albania). The following nomenclatural changes are also introduced: Purpuricenus interscapillatus ssp. nabataeus Sama, 1999 stat. nov.; Purpuricenus interscapillatus ssp. cornifrons Pesarini & Sabbadini, 1992 stat. nov.; Purpuricenus interscapillatus ssp. longevittatus Pic, 1941 stat. nov.; Purpuricenus apiceniger Pic, 1914 stat. nov. After studying of the type specimen the following new synonymy is also proposed: Purpuricenus kaehleri ssp. menetriesi Motschulsky, 1845 = Purpuricenus budensis var. caucasicus Pic, 1902 syn. n.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTE ON A GENUS OF ORIENTAL RHAMPHINI (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Colonnelli Enzo
Published: December 2014

The name Megorchestes Kojima, 2011 is here selected as the correct original spelling over Magorchestes (alternative original spelling, here rejected) and Megorchsetes (alternative original spelling, here rejected) of a recently described genus of Oriental Rhamphini.
RECENSIONE
Authors: Casale Achille
Published: December 2014

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Unusual presentation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis in a patient with celiac disease and microscopic colitis
Authors: Manzoor Muhammed , Wadhwa Rajesh K. , Abbas Zaigham , Mujahid Hasan Syed , Hasan Luck Nasir , Mubarak Muhammed
Published: December 2014

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation with hepatocyte injury (ballooning) with or without fibrosis. NASH is often a “silent” liver disease. Estimated prevalence of NASH ranges from 3% to 5% in different studies. The prevalence of NASH-related cirrhosis in the general population is not known. Herein, we report a case of a young female presented with NASH-related cirrhosis in the setting of poorly controlled celiac disease (CD) and microscopic colitis. A variety of liver abnormalities have been observed in patients with CD, but this unique constellation of the gut and liver pathologies has not been reported previously.
Metastatic choroidal melanoma: A therapeutic challenge and role of novel herbal medicines
Authors: Baishya Nizara , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Sarma Anupam , Kataki Amal C. , Saikia Saurav
Published: December 2014

Choridal melanoma (CM) is a common ocular malignancy. We present here a case of a 62-year-old female with a CM with incidental diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis. The diagnosis of CM with incidental metastasis to lungs is rare and presents a therapeutic challenge to the physician in an otherwise healthy individual. The role of herbal medicine should be investigated further for the treatment of metastasis in CM.
Personas sin hogar y discapacidad
Authors: Panadero Herrero Sonia , Pérez-Lozao Gallego Miguel
Published: December 2014

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados del primer trabajo de investigación específico sobre personas sin hogar y discapacidad llevado a cabo en España. Dicho estudio se llevó a cabo en dos fases secuenciales. La Fase 1 perseguía cuantificar la existencia de discapacidad entre el colectivo de personas sin hogar para, en la Fase 2, profundizar en la situación de estas personas. Los resultados de la Fase 1, en la que se recogió información sobre 695 personas, mostraron una importante presencia de discapacidad entre las personas sin hogar. Un 12 % de las personas sin hogar tenía certificado de discapacidad, aunque el porcentaje de discapacidad podría ser muy superior si se considera la percepción de profesionales y usuarios (al menos el 23 %). Los resultados de la Fase 2, en la que se comparaba la situación y características de las personas sin hogar con (81 participantes) y sin ella (48 participantes), apuntaron importantes implicaciones de la existencia de la discapacidad entre las personas sin hogar, como una mayor cronificación de la propia situación, mayores dificultades de acceso al empleo, mayor vulnerabilidad a accidentes y agresiones y otros delitos.
El síndrome X frágil: identificación del fenotipo y propuestas educativas
Authors: Medina Gómez Begoña
Published: December 2014

Las investigaciones confirman que el síndrome X frágil es la primera causa de discapacidad intelectual de tipo hereditario, pero aún es muy desconocido por profesionales de la educación, de la salud y de los servicios sociales. Una detección precoz evitaría la transmisión de la alteración genética y permitiría el establecimiento de las intervenciones más adecuadas para cada persona. En los últimos años se han dado grandes avances en la comprensión de este trastorno del neurodesarrollo. En este artículo se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión de los estudios y contribuciones más significativas que existen hasta el momento acerca de este síndrome, de su interacción molecular, cerebral, cognitiva y conductual, de herramientas para hacer un primer cribado para la detección de posibles afectados y de sugerencias para la intervención, pero se necesita seguir avanzando para mejorar la evaluación e intervención en cada caso concreto.
La inclusión educativa desde la voz de madres de estudiantes con Trastornos del Espectro Autista en una muestra chilena
Authors: Villegas Otárola Marcela , Simon Rueda Cecilia , Echeita Sarrionandia Gerardo
Published: December 2014

El objetivo del estudio es mostrar la perspectiva de madres chilenas sobre la inclusión educativa de sus hijos escolarizados en centros de educación primaria, quienes presentan un Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Se recogen evidencias, desde la voz de las familias, que pueden servir como punto de partida para reflexionar sobre cómo avanzar hacia una educación más inclusiva y cómo contribuir a mejorar los apoyos que se brindan a estudiantes con discapacidad. El estudio se enmarca en un paradigma cualitativo de investigación, utilizando entrevistas no estructuradas para acceder a la información. Se ha contado con la participación de ocho madres chilenas de la Región de Valparaíso. Los resultados muestran que la valoración de la escolarización está estrechamente relacionada con el bienestar emocional, ámbito al que se le otorga mayor relevancia que al de los resultados académicos. Se destaca la importancia de los apoyos adaptados a las necesidades del sistema familiar.
Educación superior y discapacidad: análisis desde la experiencia de algunas universidades colombianas
Authors: Cobos Ricardo Andrea , Moreno Angarita Marisol
Published: December 2014

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer cómo se están llevando a cabo los procesos de educación superior inclusiva, mediante un análisis descriptivo cualitativo de las medidas inclusivas que se llevan a cabo en universidades de Bogotá-Colombia. La investigación se desarrolló en tres fases: primero se hizo una revisión bibliográfica internacional; después se realizó una aproximación cualitativa a los procesos reportados por cuatro universidades de Bogotá, y posteriormente se elaboraron algunos aportes para el fortalecimiento de la educación superior inclusiva, basados en los resultados obtenidos. Se encontró que la educación superior inclusiva es una visión educativa que ha ganado cada vez mayor fuerza en el mundo y en Colombia, pero que demanda todavía esfuerzos para su realización plena, particularmente en los aspectos de accesibilidad, practicas pedagógicas incluyentes y ajustes razonables. Finalmente, se exponen recomendaciones para favorecer el proceso de educación inclusiva en las universidades Colombianas.
Museos para todos: evaluación de una guía audiodescriptiva para personas con discapacidad visual en el museo de ciencias
Authors: Soler Gallego Silvia , Chica Núñez Antonio Javier
Published: December 2014

La traducción y la interpretación son una valiosa herramienta de accesibilidad museística, al facilitar la comunicación entre el museo y visitantes con diversas capacidades. En este artículo se exponen los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo en el marco del proyecto TACTO, en el que se ha creado y evaluado una guía audiodescriptiva para visitantes con discapacidad visual para el Parque de las Ciencias de Granada. El proyecto se centró en los aspectos lingüísticos de los contenidos de la guía y su evaluación, que aunó técnicas de observación participante, de encuesta y de entrevista. Los resultados indican que el diseño propuesto mejora el acceso de las personas con discapacidad visual al museo. Sin embargo, las expectativas y necesidades de cada visitante varían considerablemente en función de sus características individuales, relacionadas con el nivel de discapacidad y los hábitos de visita a museos.
Religiosity in Times of Insecurity: An Analysis of Irish, Spanish and Portuguese European Social Survey Data, 2002–12
Authors: Healy Amy Erbe , Breen Michael
Published: December 2014

Secularisation theory would suggest that with increasing economic development, industrialisation and modernity, the influence of the church should be waning. However, more recent theories regarding religiosity in times of personal and contextual insecurity have suggested that secularisation is not a linear process. Existential security theory predicts that religiosity and religious practice are higher in times of insecurity. Given the economic crisis of 2008, the changes in many governments and subsequent austerity measures, it could be argued that all households in austerity countries are facing more uncertain times than they were before 2008, both personally and contextually. However, analysis of Irish, Spanish and Portuguese data from the European Social Survey (2002–12) using ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression generally does not support this theory in terms of contextual insecurity. There is some support for the link between personal insecurity and religiosity; recent immigrants are significantly and substantially more religious in terms of subjective religiosity, frequency of prayer and frequency of attendance at religious services than earlier immigrants and those who were born in a country.
Motivations for Investing in Allotment Gardening in Dublin: A Sociological Analysis
Authors: Kettle Patricia
Published: December 2014

In recent years, Dublin has witnessed a demonstrable rise in urban agriculture (UA) initiatives. Allotments and community gardens are emerging in abundance in the city and on its perimeter. Traditionally, allotments were associated with older men and lower socio-economic groups. However, recent practices indicate a significant shift in the traditional demographics engaging in practice. Those investing are increasingly younger, from the middle classes, and include more and more women. But what is motivating practice? What has caused this shift? And why are professionals in an advanced capitalist society choosing to cultivate food in and around the contemporary urban metropolis? Drawing on empirical investigations in Dublin between 2011 and 2013, this article argues that the revival of the urban allotment in Dublin after many years of abeyance represents a form of resistance to the dis-embedding processes associated with late and post modernity, and an explicit attempt by urban dwellers to (re)connect with traditional forms of knowledge, the land, and practice (food production systems), but primarily to (re)connect with others, to generate a sense of community, and to restore a sense of belonging in the city.
Forewarned is Forearmed? A Survey-Experiment concerning the Impact of Pre-Notification Letters on Response in a Postal Survey
Authors: Spruyt Bram , Van Droogenbroeck Filip
Published: December 2014

The use of pre-notification letters is thought to increase the response rate of postal surveys. The empirical evidence for that claim, however, is not conclusive. In this research note we assessed the impact of pre-notification by means of data from a large-scale survey-experiment conducted in Flanders (N: 4000). Three outcomes were studied: overall response rate, timing of the response and quality of the response. No significant positive impact was found on the overall response rate and quality of response. However evidence indicated that respondents who received a pre-notification letter were more inclined to respond earlier.
An Irish Sociology Professor Writes a Student Reference, May 1958
Authors: Murray Peter
Published: December 2014

From the Dublin Diocesan Archives a May 1958 letter from Maynooth Sociology Professor Jeremiah Newman to the Director of the Dublin Institute of Catholic Sociology appraises the contribution that a group of students about to be ordained for the Dublin archdiocese might best make to the Institute's work. A Cold War context of politico-ideological struggle links this peculiarly Irish epistle with an international literature concerning letters of recommendation and reports to police agencies about practitioners of sociology.
(Explaining)2: John Levi Martin Talks Explanations, Causality and Social Aesthetics
Authors: Martin John Levi , Vandebroeck Dieter
Published: December 2014

This article presents an in-depth interview with John Levi Martin (University of Chicago) concerning his book The Explanation of Social Action. It aims to situate the book within Martin's more overarching research interests, elucidate its linkages to earlier work, elaborate on central concepts (‘third-person causality’, ‘social aesthetics’, ‘social objects’, etc.) and address some common misunderstandings. In addition, Martin positions his own approach to other bodies of social theory, classical and contemporary, and expounds his vision of a ‘social aesthetics’, a sociological perspective that recognises the profoundly qualitative nature of human cognition.
Society as a Vocation: Renewing Social Science for Social Renewal
Authors: Brewer John
Published: December 2014

The twentieth century witnessed the professionalisation of social science by making science its vocation. The twenty-first century must see social science become normative, with society its vocation. The paradox of neoliberalism is that its attack on the public university has forced social science to advance its public value and the grounds on which it is a public good in its own right, the outcome of which is that we must shift from science to society as our vocation. If society is to be the object of our life's commitment as social scientists – a vocation in that sense – then we pursue it with enthusiasm, sponsor and advance its interests, look to its renewal and improvement, and continually refine and enhance our understanding of it. This requires both a value-orientated and scientific approach, making social science scientific and normative at the same time. This new form of public social science is better suited to civic engagement and community empowerment as a form of co-produced knowledge appropriate to the wicked problems facing us in the twenty-first century. The argument, in other words, is that to better effect social renewal, we need first to renew social science.
Experimental Study of Non-Compatible Collision of Rail and Road Vehicle
Authors: Kovandová Hedvika , Válka Robert
Published: December 2014

The paper deals with safety of transport from the point of view of an important social problem, which are accidents at railroad (including tramway) and road level crossings, which means compatibility of rail and road vehicles crash. The scale of such accidents can be very wide. Regarding the statistics and frequency of accidents particularly at railway level crossings and tramway level crossings, a collision simulating the collision of a tram and passenger car was experimentally carried out. The experiment took place at the site of testing laboratory of Rail Vehicles Research Institute in Cerhenice. The experiment was conducted with a passenger car Škoda Superb of the first generation that was exposed to two collisions from both sides. Firstly by the impactor for tram headstock tests and secondly by the tram headstock itself. Both the impactor and the headstock were placed on the experimental vehicle for tests of passive safety of rail vehicles. Various speeds were chosen so that the passenger car could be used for two subsequent experiments without the influence on properties of skeleton´s supporting structure.
A Study of Dynamic Right-Turn Signal Control Strategy at Mixed Traffic Flow Intersections
Authors: Wu Zhizhou , Zhao Li , Sun Jian
Published: December 2014

Traffic conflicts among right-turn vehicles (RTVs), non-motorized vehicles (NMVs) and pedestrians were examined for urban signalized intersections with exclusive right-turn lane. This study proposed an approach to dynamically calculate the duration of the prohibited right-turn for vehicles by using a measure called the Degree of Clustered Conflict (DCC). The process of DCC control includes: 1) quantitative calculation of DCC value in the conflict area; 2) establishing the general cost model that combines the delay and conflict indicators; and 3) applying the DCC-control time model to control RTV in real time. Based on these, the paper presented a general approach of detailed dynamic on-line signal control process of RTV. Finally, the RTV control process was programmed based on VISSIM simulation to evaluate the control effectiveness. The results showed that the general cost (weighted summation of delay and conflict) of the RTV control decreases rapidly compared with non-control, fixed control and full control (drop of 58%, 35% and 42% under small flow conditions and 70%, 59% and 17% in the large flow conditions, respectively). The method not only improved the operation efficiency, but also reduced the potential safety risks among traffic participants when vehicles turn right at intersections.
Genetic transformation of structural and functional circuitry rewires the Drosophila brain
Authors: Sen Sonia , Cao Deshou , Choudhary Ramveer , Biagini Silvia , Wang Jing W , Reichert Heinrich , VijayRaghavan K
Published: December 2014

Acquisition of distinct neuronal identities during development is critical for the assembly of diverse functional neural circuits in the brain. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, intrinsic determinants are thought to act in neural progenitors to specify their identity and the identity of their neuronal progeny. However, the extent to which individual factors can contribute to this is poorly understood. We investigate the role of orthodenticle in the specification of an identified neuroblast (neuronal progenitor) lineage in the Drosophila brain. Loss of orthodenticle from this neuroblast affects molecular properties, neuroanatomical features, and functional inputs of progeny neurons, such that an entire central complex lineage transforms into a functional olfactory projection neuron lineage. This ability to change functional macrocircuitry of the brain through changes in gene expression in a single neuroblast reveals a surprising capacity for novel circuit formation in the brain and provides a paradigm for large-scale evolutionary modification of circuitry.
A big picture of a small brain
Authors: Griffith Leslie C
Published: December 2014

A detailed map of the neurons that carry information away from the mushroom bodies in the brains of fruit flies has improved our understanding of the ways in which experiences can modify behaviour.
New Proposed Drilling at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland
Authors: Jackson Marie D.
Published: December 2014

Surtsey, an isolated oceanic island and a World Heritage Site of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, is a uniquely well‐documented natural laboratory for investigating processes of rift zone volcanism, hydrothermal alteration of basaltic tephra, and biological colonization and succession in surface and subsurface pyroclastic deposits. Deposits from Surtsey's eruptions from 1963 to 1967 were first explored via a 181‐meter hole drilled in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey and Icelandic Museum of Natural History.
Using rivers to investigate rock uplift in Taiwan
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: December 2014

An important part of studying the mechanics of mountain building is to understand rates of rock uplift as a function of both space and time. Scientists have used the longitudinal profiles of rivers and how they respond to rock uplift and erosion to infer the tectonic history of the landscape and thus some of the uplift history of mountain ranges. However, there are other factors besides uplift that influence how the slope of a river changes, such as sudden tectonic activity or the type of rock over which the river flows.
Ontogenetic changes in cranial vault thickness in a modern sample of Homo sapiens
Authors: Anzelmo Marisol , Ventrice Fernando , Barbeito‐Andrés Jimena , Pucciarelli Héctor M. , Sardi Marina L.
Published: December 2014

Objectives

This work assesses cranial vault thickness (CVT) ontogenetic changes using a computed tomography database to register thickness across multiple regions.

Methods

Vault images of 143 individuals from 0 to 31 years old were analyzed by thickness semiautomatic measurements. For each individual, we obtained a thickness mean measure (TMM) and its coefficient of variation, a measure of endocranial volume (EV), the distribution of relative frequencies of thickness—relative frequency polygon, and a topographic mapping that shows the thickness arrangement through a chromatic scale. Ontogenetic changes of these variables were evaluated by different regression models (TMM vs. age, EV vs. age, TMM vs. EV) and visual comparisons between the age groups.

Results

TMM increased during ontogeny until the onset of adulthood without sex differences, but the most accelerated growth rates occur during the first 6 years of postnatal life. TMM variations were associated with EV only in infants and children, but not in later periods. The polygons showed a flattening during ontogeny, probably due to an increase in thickness variation within individuals. However, the adult pattern of thickness arrangement, with the lateral region thinner than the regions near sagittal plane, was detected from infancy.

Conclusion

The pattern of thickness arrangement is established early in ontogeny but CVT increases and changes in distribution until adolescence. Several factors may influence CVT, such as the brain, muscles, vessels, and sutures. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:475–485, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radical Chlorination with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Generated by Ligand Exchange: Revisiting Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Directed CH Chlorination
Authors: Kang Kyungjun , Lee Suyeon , Kim Hyunwoo
Published: December 2014

A simple protocol to generate radical chlorine species by ligand exchange in hypervalent iodine(III) compounds is reported. Radical chlorine species, not electrophilic chlorine species, are required for Pd‐catalyzed directed CH chlorination and ammonium salts can be used as radical chlorine sources.
Inverse Kinetic Solvent Isotope Effect in TiO2 Photocatalytic Dehalogenation of Non‐adsorbable Aromatic Halides: A Proton‐Induced Pathway
Authors: Chang Wei , Sun Chunyan , Pang Xibin , Sheng Hua , Li Yue , Ji Hongwei , Song Wenjing , Chen Chuncheng , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai
Published: December 2014

An efficient redox reaction between organic substrates in solution and photoinduced h+vb/e−cb on the surface of photocatalysts requires the substrates or solvent to be adsorbed onto the surface, and is consequentially marked by a normal kinetic solvent isotope effect (KSIE≥1). Reported herein is a universal inverse KSIE (0.6–0.8 at 298 K) for the reductive dehalogenation of aromatic halides which cannot adsorb onto TiO2 in a [D0]methanol/[D4]methanol solution. Combined with in situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy investigations, a previously unknown pathway for the transformation of these aromatic halides in TiO2 photocatalysis was identified: a proton adduct intermediate, induced by released H+/D+ from solvent oxidation, accompanies a change in hybridization from sp2 to sp3 at a carbon atom of the aromatic halides. The protonation event leads these aromatic halides to adsorb onto the TiO2 surface and an ET reaction to form dehalogenated products follows.
A Ferromagnetically Coupled (S=1) Peroxodicopper(II) Complex
Authors: Kindermann Nicole , Bill Eckhard , Dechert Sebastian , Demeshko Serhiy , Reijerse Edward J. , Meyer Franc
Published: December 2014

Copper enzymes play important roles in the binding and activation of dioxygen in biological systems. Key copper/dioxygen intermediates have been identified and studied in synthetic analogues of the metalloprotein active sites, including the μ‐η2:η2‐peroxodicopper(II) motif relevant to type III dicopper proteins. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a bioinspired dicopper system that forms a stable μ‐η1:η1‐peroxo complex whose Cu‐O‐O‐Cu torsion is constrained to around 90° by ligand design. This results in sizeable ferromagnetic coupling between the copper(II) ions, which is detected by magnetic measurements and HF‐EPR spectroscopy. The new dicopper peroxo system is the first with a triplet ground state, and it represents a snapshot of the initial stages of O2 binding at type III dicopper sites.
Acyl‐Chain Elongation Drives Ketosynthase Substrate Selectivity in trans‐Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Jenner Matthew , Afonso José Pedro , Bailey Hannah R. , Frank Sarah , Kampa Annette , Piel Jörn , Oldham Neil J.
Published: December 2014

Type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are responsible for the biosynthesis of many biologically active agents, possess a ketosynthase (KS) domain within each module to catalyze chain elongation. Acylation of the KS active site Cys residue is followed by transfer to malonyl‐ACP to yield an extended β‐ketoacyl chain (ACP=acyl carrier protein). To date, the precise contribution of KS selectivity in controlling product fidelity has been unclear. Six KS domains from trans‐acyltransferase (trans‐AT) PKSs were subjected to a mass spectrometry based elongation assay, and higher substrate selectivity was identified for the elongating step than in preceding acylation. A close correspondence between the observed KS selectivity and that predicted by phylogenetic analysis was seen. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of KS selectivity in this important group of PKSs, can serve as guidance for engineering, and show that targeted mutagenesis can be used to expand the repertoire of acceptable substrates.
Liquid‐Phase Epitaxial Growth of Two‐Dimensional Semiconductor Hetero‐nanostructures
Authors: Tan Chaoliang , Zeng Zhiyuan , Huang Xiao , Rui Xianhong , Wu Xue‐Jun , Li Bing , Luo Zhimin , Chen Junze , Chen Bo , Yan Qingyu , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2014

Although many two‐dimensional (2D) hybrid nanostructures are being prepared, the engineering of epitaxial 2D semiconductor hetero‐nanostructures in the liquid phase still remains a challenge. The preparation of 2D semiconductor hetero‐nanostructures by epitaxial growth of metal sulfide nanocrystals, including CuS, ZnS and Ni3S2, is achieved on ultrathin TiS2 nanosheets by a simple electrochemical approach by using the TiS2 crystal and metal foils. Ultrathin CuS nanoplates that are 50–120 nm in size and have a triangular/hexagonal shape are epitaxially grown on TiS2 nanosheets with perfect epitaxial alignment. ZnS and Ni3S2 nanoplates can be also epitaxially grown on TiS2 nanosheets. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the obtained 2D CuS–TiS2 composite is used as the anode in a lithium ion battery, which exhibits a high capacity and excellent cycling stability.
Microscopic, structural, and electrical characterization of the carbonaceous materials synthesized from various lignin feedstocks
Authors: Vivekanandhan Singaravelu , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar Kumar
Published: December 2014

Microscopic, structural and electrical characterization of the carbonaceous materials synthesized from different types of lignin precursors are investigated employing scanning electron microcopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and AC conductivity techniques. Lignin precursors from various resources carbonized at 900°C for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere are used for this study. SEM analysis indicates formation of various microstructures, which are highly influenced by the carbonization behavior of lignin feedstocks that varies with chemical composition as well as purity. Raman spectroscopy of the carbon materials shows significant variations of its features, which represents their unique carbonization behaviors and graphitization events. Clear understanding of peak intensity, shape, and area gave very different structural features influenced by their chemical environment of the chosen precursor lignins. Phase purity and the graphitization degree are investigated through their X‐ray diffraction patterns. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41786.
Design of an antibacterial gelatin based on a covalent protein–protein coupling
Authors: Lequeux Isabelle , Ducasse Emmanuel , Jouenne Thierry , Thebault Pascal
Published: December 2014

An antibacterial peptide (AMP), i.e., nisin, was covalently bound to gelatin through a protein–protein coupling. Various reaction conditions were tested to study and optimize parameters of grafting e.g., orientation and density of AMP, which could impact the final antibacterial activity of the modified biopolymer. Modification was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and zeta potential. The antibacterial activity of the nisin‐enriched gelatin was evaluated against two staphylococci bacterial strains, i.e., Staphylococus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. A higher activity was found for gelatin modified at pH = 7.4 revealing an influence of the nisin orientation on the protein antibacterial property. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41825.
Redescription of the Hyoid Apparatus and Associated Musculature in the Extant CoelacanthLatimeria chalumnae: Functional Implications for Feeding
Authors: Dutel Hugo , Herrel Anthony , Clément Gaël , Herbin Marc
Published: December 2014

The coelacanthLatimeriais the only extant vertebrate in which the neurocranium is divided into an anterior and a posterior portion which articulate by means of an intracranial joint. This articulation is thought to allow an elevation of the snout up to 20‐degree angle, which is supposed to enhance mouth gape and velocity, in turn allowing for a powerful suction. Several functional models have been proposed to explain the skull movement inLatimeria, but they disagree on the mechanisms responsible for mandibular depression and intracranial elevation, and more precisely on the role and mobility of the hyoid apparatus during these processes. We here show that the m. coracomandibularis spans ventrally to the palate‐mandible joint, and is likely involved in mandibular depression. The hyoid apparatus is sheathed by several layers of ligaments, rendering extensive movements of the hyoid bones in the anteroposterior direction unlikely. Together with the manipulation of the 3D virtual model of the skull, these observations suggest that the hyoid arch is less mobile than previously proposed, and that the movements proposed in previous models are unlikely. In the light of our new observations, we suggest that the mechanisms proposed for explaining the intracranial elevation are incomplete. Moreover, we suggest that the extensive movements of the hyoid arch elements, which were thought to accompany intracranial elevation, are unlikely. In the absence of intracranial elevation, we propose that the movements of the hyoid mainly take place in the transverse plane, allowing the lateral expansion of the orobranchial chamber. Anat Rec, 298:579–601, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mean signal and response time influences on multivoxel signals of contextual retrieval in the medial temporal lobe
Authors: Reas Emilie T. , Brewer James B.
Published: December 2014

Introduction

The medial temporal lobe supports integrating the “what,” “where,” and “when” of an experience into a unified memory. However, it remains unclear how representations of these contextual features are neurally encoded and distributed across medial temporal lobe subregions.

Methods

This study conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging of the medial temporal lobe, while participants retrieved pair, spatial, and temporal source memories. Multivoxel classifiers were trained to distinguish between retrieval conditions before and after correction for mean signal and response times, to more thoroughly characterize the multivoxel signal associated with memory context.

Results

Activity in perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex dissociated between memory for associated items and memory for their spatiotemporal context, and hippocampal activity was linked to memory for spatial context. However, perirhinal and hippocampal classifiers were, respectively, driven by effects of mean signal amplitude and task difficulty, whereas the parahippocampal classifier survived correction for these effects.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate dissociable coding mechanisms for episodic memory context across the medial temporal lobe, and further highlight a critical distinction between multivoxel representations driven by spatially distributed activity patterns, and those driven by the regional signal.
The Emotional Child Witness: Effects on Juror Decision‐making
Authors: Cooper Alexia , Quas Jodi A. , Cleveland Kyndra C.
Published: December 2014

Despite wide variations in child witness behavior while on the stand, little research has focused on how that behavior influences jurors' perceptions of the child's credibility or the case itself. In the current study, the impact of a child's emotional displays on credibility judgments and verdict preferences was examined in jury‐eligible college students and jurors released from jury duty. No significant differences emerged in perceptions or verdicts based on whether a child was shown as crying or not while participants read a transcript of the child's testimony. However, participants who rated the child as more emotional (regardless of whether the image showed a crying child) were more likely to render guilty verdicts, were more certain of guilt, and found the child more credible and the defendant less credible than participants who rated the child as less emotional. Also, when the child was perceived as low in emotion, older children were rated as less credible than younger children. The results have implications for understanding how children's emotional displays and jurors' perceptions of children's emotionality influence decisions in sexual abuse cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Know what to expect when preparing to give witness testimony
Authors: Conway Caroline A.
Published: December 2014

In our increasingly litigious society — especially in the realm of higher education — don't be surprised if you or one of your staff members are asked to testify as a witness in a legal proceeding, whether in court, a deposition, or an administrative hearing.
Take a proactive approach to protect your institution from data breaches
Authors: Rice Dave , Firuz Paul
Published: December 2014

Colleges and universities possess an immense amount of sensitive, personally identifiable information. This information may include employees' and students' Social Security numbers, educational records, health information, financial information, and data associated with payment accounts. Strict legal requirements govern how this data must be collected, managed and used.
Do you and your staff know FERPA?
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: December 2014

“It was a mistake, it was inadvertent — it wasn't intentional. We all know FERPA, we all understand our responsibilities in terms of students' rights to privacy .… It was from what I understand a part‐time clerk who made the mistake.”
Whither platelets after TAVR?
Authors: Block Peter C.
Published: December 2014

Key Points

Thrombocytopenia after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is common and usually reaches 50–60% below baseline platelet levels.

Adverse sequelae are rare but persistent thrombocytopenia is associated with increased mortality.

Further studies identifying patients with comorbidities that lead to persistent thrombocytopenia and higher mortality might help identify patients with limited benefit from TAVR.