bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study Quantifying Filipino Nurses’ Perception of Stress
Authors: Andal Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2019

To understand stress in the context of differences in cultural perception, this study begins to explore stress levels in Filipino registered nurses. Stressors, in this study, include factors such as: death and dying, conflict with physicians, inadequate preparations, problems with peers, problems with supervisors, workload, uncertainty concerning treatment, problems with patients and their families, and discrimination. Using the questions derived from the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) by Lenton et al. (2000), thirty Filipino registered nurses were requested to complete a questionnaire voluntarily without providing any identifying information. This study is a preliminary exploration of stress levels in Filipino nurses and no generalizations can be made from these results. Data analysis revealed interesting information as to variability in perception of stress levels regarding certain factors. Discussions elucidate on various stress factors in the context of the Filipino culture. Further study regarding stress levels is greatly needed particularly in the light of the nursing shortage especially during the evening and night shifts. Stress management programs can be enhanced through the use of the ENSS as a diagnostic tool to identify specific factors considered relevant by the nurses concerned.
Design of a Conceptual Model for the Study of Education, Health, and Communication
Authors: Ubbes Valerie A. , Ward Rose Marie
Published: July 2019

The purpose of our paper is to focus on the role of communication in health education, including the ways the three concepts of education, health, and communication are related. A traditional approach would be to study the integration of health and education leading to health education. However, a more progressive approach is to study communication in the context of health education in order to investigate the interdisciplinary nature of these triadic concepts. After naming three professional standards documents in preK-16 health education which highlight communication as both a concept and a skill, we will offer our schematic for how education, health, and communication interact to form the potential transdisciplinary concept of health literacy. We believe that health literacy can be explored as an integrative study of language patterns and information formats that is broader than the printed and spoken word. We conclude our paper with a review of current definitions for health literacy, and then share a description and outline of our graduate course called Health Communication and Education.
Predictors of Smoking and Alcohol Use in Japanese and Japanese-American College Students
Authors: Tomioka Michiyo , Maddock Jay
Published: July 2019

This study investigates and identifies the predictors of cigarette smoking and alcohol use and acculturation of Japanese and Japanese American students in Hawaii. The Transtheroetical Model (TTM) was applied to investigate smoking and alcohol behavior and attitudes. A cross-sectional self-report survey was conducted through convenience sampling and the snowball sampling technique. The total 92 participants (Japanese 69.6%; Japanese Americans 30.4%) completed either English version or Japanese version of survey. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, chi-square, and regression to test significance. These analyses indicate that onset of smoking and drinking is associated with Japanese culture. To some extent acculturation is influential factor in both smoking and alcohol behavior. However, nationality and age have stronger associations with smoking; education is stronger factor to predict alcohol use than acculturation among Japanese and Japanese American students. Results indicate a need for cultural-specific interventions for Japanese and Japanese Americans.
Effectiveness of an Intervention Regarding Weight Status of Selected New Mexico Kindergarten Children and their Parent’s Perceptions
Authors: Jones Amanda , Forster-Cox Susan C.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-existing data of selected kindergarten children in New Mexico regarding the relationship between measured body mass index (BMI) and parents/guardians selfreported perceptions of their child’s weight status. The study is unique because it gives the opportunity to gauge the effectiveness of an intervention that is tailored to a child’s BMI. A total of six districts and 35 schools agreed to participate during this 2004-05 study. A total of 1,480 kindergarten children had their BMI measured by the school nurses. Two instruments were used to conduct the study, a bilingual pre- and post-intervention survey, and the CDC’s gender-specific body mass index for age percentile charts. The intervention materials included only literature for the parent/guardian to read. The largest variation in changes of perception occurred in the borderline categories of at risk of overweight and underweight. On the pre-intervention survey, 10% of the survey respondents accurately described their child as at risk of overweight and increased to 47% on the post- intervention survey. A total of 11% of survey respondents accurately described their child’s weight status as underweight on the pre- intervention survey and this increased to 23% on the post-intervention survey. This study was a seminal attempt to obtain information regarding childhood obesity in the state of New Mexico, particularly among kindergarten children. Interventions regarding childhood obesity should be tailored to the parent/guardian as well as the child. Different interventions are needed for parents/guardians of children in the definitive categories of overweight and normal weight than for those parents/guardians of children who are at risk of overweight and underweight.
Cancer Screening Belief Scale – Chinese Version (CSBS-C)
Authors: Hou Su-I
Published: July 2019

Objective: To develop and validate a culturally sensitive scale measuring cancer screening beliefs for Chinese; and to examine the validity and reliability of the scores of the new instrument (CSBS-C). Methods: A modified instrument measuring cancer screening beliefs in general was developed, adapting from the previous Cervical Smear Belief Inventory (CSBI) developed by Hou and Luh (2005) among Chinese women, and tested among a Chinese worksite population in Taiwan. Items consisted in the CSBS-C were carefully reworded from Hou’s previously validated CSBI to reflect statements that would apply to cancer screening beliefs in general. Participants were asked to complete the self-administered screening belief items at baseline and one month follow-up (follow-up rate = 81%). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the stability of the scores of the three-factor scale measured over time. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then used to validate these hypothesized theoretical constructs (factors). Results: SEM analysis revealed that the standardized coefficients of the three factors measured over time ranged from .30 to .75, indicating reasonable stabilities, and all three models revealed acceptable model fits (RMSEA=.06 ~ .09; GFI=.90~.99; IFI=.92~.99; TLI=.89~.97; and CFI=.92~.99). The final version of the CSBS-C, validated by CFA, consisted of 17 items that were clustered into three subscales: pros (eight items), cons (six items), and perceived cancer risks (three items); with all items loaded consistently and significantly with their corresponding factors (p
Gender Differences in Stress and Coping Among Adults Living in Hawai`i
Authors: Gentry Lauren A. , Chung Jane J. , Aung Nandar , Keller Stefan , Heinrich Katie M. , Maddock Jay E.
Published: July 2019

Background and purpose. Stress has been recognized as a public health problem. However, little research has been done on gender differences in sources of stress and coping strategies in Hawaii. In this study, we hypothesized that: 1) women will report higher levels of stress than men; 2) women will report being stressed by family and health related stressors while men will report stress related to finances and work-related issues; 3) women will report using adaptive coping strategies more frequently while men will report using maladaptive and avoidance strategies more frequently; 4) there will be no gender differences in the readiness to use stress management strategies. Method. A statewide cross-sectional telephone-survey of 1518 participants was conducted during the spring and summer of 2006. Results. Women reported higher overall perceived stress levels, but there was no difference in the experienced social stressors and health stressors between genders. Men perceived more stress from personal factors. There were no gender differences in the perceived ability to cope with stress. However, women were more likely to use adaptive coping strategies, whereas men were more likely to use maladaptive and avoidance coping strategies. There were no significant gender differences in stages of change for stress management. Conclusion. Based on this study, interventions can be developed to help people better cope with stress. Interventions for women may focus on increasing the use of adaptive strategies such as praying and talking to friends and family, while interventions for men may introduce the use of adaptive coping strategies such as exercise and actively fighting causes of stress. This study shows that gender differences in stress levels and coping in Hawaii are similar to previous studies conducted on the mainland. More research into specific stressors and coping strategies may help tailor interventions that are more effective and comprehensive.
Health Promotion Research Methods
Authors: Heinrich Katie M. , Keller Stefan
Published: July 2019

Since few Master’s level students publish papers, we specifically designed our course in Health Promotion Research to facilitate the process. Students learned about research design and theory in the first half of the course and prepared a paper on archival data for journal submission in the second half. The content and approach for the 16 class sessions varied in approach and included lectures, discussion and homework assignments. Students worked on papers in 2 groups of three and had a chance to meet with a journal editor to discuss the publishing process along the way. Students gave a power point presentation of their findings at the end of the semester along with submitting their finished paper. Overall, students reported learning a lot in the class and they appreciated the chance to publish a paper. Suggestions for improvements included incorporating the paper topics more into the first half of the course.
Breastfeeding as a Primary Diabetes Prevention Strategy Among Low-Income Latina Women
Authors: Guzman Elena , McMahan Shari
Published: July 2019

Type 2 diabetes is a serious illness affecting more than 20 million Americans; if left untreated it can lead to life threatening complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Efforts to prevent the onset or delay the complications of diabetes are urgently needed particularly among Mexican Americans who are 1.7 times more likely to develop diabetes. Medical professionals agree that diabetes may be prevented through proper diet and exercise. A growing body of evidence suggest that the risk of diabetes may also be reduced among women who breastfeed. New research shows that women who breastfeed exclusively are less likely to develop diabetes. However, despite the many known benefits of breastfeeding, rates are declining particularly among low- income Latina women. Focus groups were conducted with low-income women participating in the Women Infants and Children Program (WIC) to assess their knowledge and perceptions of breastfeeding. It was found that all focus group participants would be more likely to breastfeed if they knew it reduced their risk of diabetes. As a result of this study, an educational handout was then developed to promote breastfeeding as a diabetes prevention strategy among low-income Latina women.
College Women’s Perception and Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lopez Ricardo , McMahan Shari
Published: July 2019

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are one of the most common types of sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The highest rates of HPV infection are found in adult’s ages 18-28 years. This study utilizes the Health Belief Model to assess knowledge and perception of HPV infection and cervical cancer in college-age women and their intent to reduce their numbers of sex partners and request that their partner wear a condom during their next sexual encounter to prevent HPV infection. Even though most college women have heard of HPV, it appears that 79.5% of women in this study rated their subjective knowledge of HPV as poor, and only 58% knew that a vaccine now exists to prevent HPV infection. HPV health promotion campaigns should do more to incorporate HPV vaccine education in STD and HPV educational interventions.
Administering Successful Conferences in Health Education
Authors: Hanson Carl , Lelinneth M. , Novilla L. B. , Barnes Michael
Published: July 2019

Administering conferences remains a common health education strategy especially for those functioning in leadership and administrative positions. To date, very little has been written about these events which have the potential to impact large intended audiences when successfully implemented. This paper addresses several important administrative practices that can help ensure a successful conference. These practices include but are not limited to using a health education planning model, organizing and holding committee planning meetings, preparing a budget, visiting potential conference sites, negotiating contracts for hotel and meeting facilities, corresponding with conference participants, and preparing conference materials.
Perceived Barriers to Recommended Diet and Physical Activity Patterns Among Ethnically Diverse Middle School Students
Authors: Carter Shaunna , Wolff Cindy , Schuldberg Jean , Goto Keiko
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to examine perceived barriers to the adoption of recommended dietary and physical activity behaviors in low income ethnically diverse middle school students. Respondents completed surveys in sixth and eighth grade (n=289): 37% (n=100) of whom were Hmong, 34% (n=92) White, and 18% (n=57) Non-Asian, Non-White (NANW). Chi square and ANOVA were used to test the hypothesis that there were significant differences in perceived barriers for the adoption of recommended dietary and physical activity behaviors among ethnic groups. At 46%, significantly more Hmong versus White (12%) and NANW (16%) students indicated that cost was a significant barrier to fruit and vegetable availability at home (p=.001). In addition, 51% of Hmong students versus 33% of White and 34% of NANW students indicated that peer pressure was a barrier to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (p=.002). At 33%, significantly fewer Hmong students reported meeting the guidelines for physical activity compared to White students (52%, p=.016). Furthermore, Hmong students believed that being physically active every day was less important to their family members compared to non-Hmong students (p=.004). These results indicate that there is a need for culturally specific nutrition education and physical activity promotion with a particular focus on reducing obstacles to the adoption of recommended dietary patterns and physical activity for Hmong middle school students.
Race and Gender Differences of Body Physique and Self-Esteem in High School Students
Authors: Bennett Jill E. , Philipp Steven F. , Schuler Petra B. , Roy Jane L. P.
Published: July 2019

This study investigated race and gender differences of body physique and self-esteem in high school students (N = 754, mean age = 16.5 + 1.2 yr) attending public schools. Participants completed a five part body physique questionnaire where responses were based on a set of nine figure silhouette drawings and a five part self esteem questionniare. African American females reported significantly larger body physique preferences when compared to their Caucasian counterparts (p0.05). African American’s (males and females) scored significantly higher on the self-esteem assessment than their Caucasian counterparts. These findings suggest that there might be important race and gender differences on various aspects of body physique and self-esteem in high school students.
Home Modification Outcomes in the Residences of Older People as a Result of Cougar Home Safety Assessment (Version 4.0) Recommendations
Authors: Fisher Grace S. , Bradley Erin , Costulas Diane , Kintner Laura L. , Kozlevcar Jodi , Mahonski Karla M. , McMenamin Keira , Rompilla Amanda , Woods Jillian , Stine Jay
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine if recommendations made as a result of the administration of the Cougar Home Safety Assessment Version 4.0 (CHSA 4.0) were effective in causing older residents to make environmental safety modifications in their homes. Initial data were collected during the administration of the CHSA 4.0 in the homes of 40 older people in four northeastern states. After completing the initial assessments, the researchers provided the participants with recommendations for improving the environmental safety of their homes. Approximately one month later, each home was reassessed with the CHSA 4.0. Overall, improvement in environmental safety was demonstrated in the homes with the greatest increases being in fire safety, emergency phone number placement, and bathroom safety. A t-test demonstrated a significant gain in compliance (t = 7.8, p < .001) by comparing the difference between the mean initial and reassessment home safety scores. A very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.7) was also found, indicating a high magnitude of difference between initial and reassessment safety ratings. The assessment proved to be beneficial in increasing the environmental safety of homes.
Factors associated with the decision to obtain an HIV test among Chinese/Chinese American community college women in Northern California
Authors: Trieu Sang Leng , Modeste Naomi N. , Hopp Marshak Helen , Males Michael A. , Bratton Sally I.
Published: July 2019

HIV testing and counseling is the cornerstone of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention and education. This article examines reasons for and barriers to obtaining an HIV test among 230 Chinese/Chinese American college students. Using Health Belief Model constructs, a cross-sectional study was administered at four California community college campuses. The self-report survey results indicated that 30% of respondents have obtained HIV testing. The most common reasons for testing were “just to find out” (73%), “having had unprotected sexual intercourse” (63%), and “having had sex with a new partner” (57%). Among those who were never tested, low levels of perceived susceptibility (66%) and lack of knowledge on testing sites (36%) were the most common barriers. Multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses revealed age, ethnic identity, lack of condom use during last intercourse, lower perceived barriers, and higher self-efficacy as significant predictors of HIV testing history. Emphasizing these factors in HIV education campaigns will likely increase testing rates within this population.
Evaluation of the use of a Parent-Held Child Health Record by Pregnant Women and Mothers of Young Children
Authors: Stacy Richard D. , Sharma Manoj , Alvin Torrence William
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this evaluation was to document (a) the level of patients’ satisfaction with use of a personal parent-held child health record (PHCHR), (b) their frequency of using it for specific reasons, (c) behavior changes participants made due to use of this record, and (d) perceived barriers to using the PHCHR. Eighty-two mothers completed the 22-item validated evaluation instrument. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with all applicable use of the PHCHR. Respondents believed the PHCHR was a useful tool that served as a cue to increase their action in health seeking behaviors. Healthcare providers may consider use of PHCPR for pregnant women and mothers of young children.
College-aged Men’s (18-24) Knowledge and Perceptions of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
Authors: López Ricardo V. , Park Tanjasiri Sora , McMahan Shari
Published: July 2019

College-aged men (18-24) can easily transmit HPV, the most common type of sexually transmitted infection in the United States, but have the lowest knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer. This study utilized the Health Belief Model to assess the knowledge and perceptions of HPV and cervical cancer among college-aged men, and their intent to reduce their numbers of future sex partners and wear condoms during their next sexual encounter. Of 100 participants, one third (33.7%) had never heard of HPV before this study, and 87.9% rated their subjective knowledge of HPV knowledge as “poor”. Participants reported high perceived severity, and susceptibility to, HPV infection. Having heard of HPV, being in a relationship with a female partner and self-efficacy to wearing condoms were associated with participants’ intent to wear condoms during their next sexual encounter. Perceived benefits were associated with participants’ intent to reduce the number of future sex partners. College-aged men should be targeted for HPV risk reduction with HPV health interventions tailored to augment male involvement in HPV and cervical cancer prevention efforts.
Unlicensed driving among California high school seniors
Authors: Heck Katherine E. , Sousa Carla , Hanna Christian L. , Nathaniel Keith
Published: July 2019

The driving behaviors and characteristics of unlicensed teenage drivers have been little explored. For this study of behaviors of unlicensed California teen drivers, 2,144 high school seniors at 13 school sites in California completed a written survey. Unlicensed driving was ascertained by combining survey questions about licensing and driving. Data were analyzed to examine characteristics of unlicensed drivers compared with licensed drivers, and to examine risk behaviors among the unlicensed drivers. A total of 12.4 percent (n = 265) of students reported driving a motor vehicle without a driver’s license or permit, while two-thirds of surveyed students had either a license or a permit, and the remainder did not drive. Unlicensed drivers were primarily male (56 percent) and Latino (67 percent); unlicensed drivers were more likely than others to attend a school with a lower-income population. Licensed and unlicensed drivers reported similar rates of driving after alcohol or other drug use. Licensed drivers were more likely than unlicensed drivers to report having been in a crash, but this difference was no longer significant after adjustment for risk behaviors. Unlicensed driving was fairly common in this sample, but did not appear to represent an excess risk relative to licensed drivers.
Pilot Study
Authors: Sanghani Shveta , Deavenport Alexis , Herring Patti , Anderson S. Eric , Medina Ernie
Published: July 2019

A major public health concern is the debilitating effect of chronic stress, leading to lower performance and productivity at work and school, thus affecting quality of life. Addressing this crisis, a stress reduction pilot program was designed based on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) strategies as an effective, quick, and relatively inexpensive health promotion strategy for chronic stress. The intervention, a four-session yoga and meditation regimen, was created to give participants the acquired skills and comprehension for performing seven breathing exercises, two meditation techniques, and 14 simple yoga postures to combat stress in their daily lives. The design was a quasi-experimental, with a pretest and posttest, and non-equivalent control group. Data were analyzed using five repeated measure ANOVAs. The intervention group experienced greater decreases in stress-related variables from pretest to posttest compared to the control group. Preliminary findings indicate promise for introducing yoga and meditation among a variety of schools, workplace settings, and preventive care clinics. as an effective, simple, and relatively inexpensive health promotion strategy to negate the debilitating effects of chronic stress, and to enhance well being and performance.
Role of Poverty in California Teenagers’ Fatal Traffic Crash Risk
Authors: Males Mike
Published: July 2019

Teenagers’ high rates of motor vehicle crashes, accounting for 40% of external deaths among 16-19 yearolds, have been ascribed largely to inherent “adolescent risk-taking” and developmental hazards. However, the fact that compared to adults 25 and older, teenagers are twice as likely to live in poverty and low-income areas, risk factors for many types of violent death, has not been assessed. This paper uses Fatality Analysis Reporting System data on 65,173 fatal motor vehicle crashes by drivers in California’s 35 most populous counties for 1994-2007 to analyze fatal crash involvements per 100 million miles driven by driver age, county, poverty status, and 15 other traffic safety-related variables. Fatal crash rates were substantially higher for every driver age group in poorer counties than in richer ones. Multivariate regression found socioeconomic factors, led by the low levels of licensing and high unemployment rates prevalent in low-income areas, were associated with nearly 60% of the variance in motor vehicle crash risks, compared to 3% associated with driver age. The strong association between fatal crash risk and poverty, especially for young drivers who are concentrated in high-poverty brackets and low-income areas, suggests that factors related to poorer environments constitute a major traffic safety risk requiring serious attention.
Factors Associated with the Use of Dietary Supplements among African-American Adults
Authors: Franklin Romel , Schneider Julie , Goto Keiko
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with the use of dietary supplements among African-American adults. One hundred and ninety-five (195) African-American adults ages 18 and older completed a self-administered survey that consisted of questions regarding use of supplements, perceived knowledge of supplements, perceived dietary adequacy, sources of information for nutrition and supplement knowledge and demographic information. The overall prevalence of vitamin and mineral use was 63%, the most popular being a multivitamin supplement. The prevalence of nonvitamin and non-mineral supplement use was 41%, the most popular being green tea. Perceived knowledge was a significant factor associated with use; the likelihood of using dietary supplements was significantly higher among those who were perceived to be knowledgeable compared to those who were not knowledgeable. After adjusting for age, sex, income and perceived dietary adequacy, perceived knowledge and education were significantly associated with the use of all types of dietary supplements. The primary sources of supplement knowledge of the participants came from healthcare professionals and the media. Nutrition educators should pay particular attention to the current information sources of the dietary supplements used by their clients.
Review of qualitative studies related to safer sex among college students and adolescents
Authors: Kanekar Amar , Sharma Manoj , Wray Janet
Published: July 2019

Objective: To review various published peer-reviewed literature conducted in the arena of qualitative studies concerned with HIV related sexual practice among adolescents and college students and discuss implications for research. Data source: An extensive search of five databases was completed. The inclusion criteria for all researches consisted of all qualitative peer-reviewed research articles pertaining to adolescents and college students published in the English language since 1981. The exclusion criteria were all peer-reviewed articles related to qualitative research published in languages other than English and articles related to populations other than adolescents and college students. Data synthesis: An instrument developed by the McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Research Group called Guidelines for Critical Review Form was used to synthesize collected articles. Results: Important findings were: support of participants for sexuality education, attitudes towards safer sex, parents support for safer sex messages in schools, and sexual risk behaviors being due to gender power differentials. Conclusions: Qualitative research methodologies enable researchers to explore how and why persons think, feel and behave as they do in sexual behaviors.
Traffic Crash Victimizations of California Children and Teenagers by Drinking Over-21 Drivers
Authors: Males Mike
Published: July 2019

Underaged drinking‖ by Californians younger than 21 generates perpetual concern, but the toll ―overaged drinkers‖ 21 and older inflict on children and teenagers has not been quantified. This study extracts Fatality Analysis Reporting System crash cases involving California drivers testing positive for alcohol use along with those of the other drivers, passengers, and nonoccupants in the same crashes for 1998-2007 and arranges them in cross tabulations showing the ages of drinking drivers in fatal crashes by ages, injury severity, and types of victims. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates are used to project all alcohol-related traffic victimizations. Californians age 21 and older who drank and drove caused approximately 235,000 crashes from 1998-2007 victimizing persons under age 20, killing more than 400 children under age 16 and 400 teens age 16-19 and injuring nearly 80,000 children and teens. Drinking over-21 drivers caused most alcohol-related victimizations of teenage vehicle passengers and nonoccupants and victimized more sober teenage drivers than drinking teen drivers victimized sober over-21 drivers. If tabulated as a separate mortality cause, ―overaged drinking and driving‖ would be the fifth leading cause of death to California teens age 16-19 and the sixth leading cause for children ages 1- 15. The findings suggest ―overaged drinking‖ represents as severe a hazard to teenagers as ―underaged drinking.‖
Road traffic injuries and risk factors
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Burgut Huseyin R. , Sidahmed Heba , AlBuz Rama , Sanya Rahima , Ali Khan Waleed
Published: July 2019

This study determines the characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) among Qatari drivers and examines the human behavioural and environmental risk factors associated in occurrence of RTIs. This cross sectional survey was conducted in the primary health care centers during the period of February – July 2009. A random sample of 1800 Qatari drivers was approached and 1406 drivers responded and agreed to participate in this study (78.1%). Face to face interview was conducted by well trained research assistants based on a questionnaire. The study revealed that of the studied Qatari drivers (1406), 14.5% of them were injured. Young drivers in the age group (25 – 34) years were more involved in RTIs (35.8%). The RTIs occurred more among male drivers than females with the ratio 1.7:1 (p
evaluation of a theory based childhood overweight prevention curriculum
Authors: Branscum Paul , Kaye Gail
Published: July 2019

Food Fit, a social cognitive theory based (SCT) nutrition intervention, was implemented to 3rd-5th grade student’s at 5 YMCA after-school programs to impact specific dietary behaviors associated with the prevention of childhood overweight (n = 58). Pre and post tests were administered for each lesson to evaluate changes in behavioral capabilities (BC), self efficacy (SE), and outcome expectancies (OE) for each lesson's key objectives. A child-modified Food Behavior Checklist was administered before and after the program to evaluate dietary behaviors. Results showed significant improvements for SCT psychosocial variables (i.e. outcome expectancies for eating raw vegetables (p
Physical activity and inactivity in Girl Scouts Juniors troop meetings
Authors: Ornelas Samuel , Rosenkranz Richard R.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To describe the environmental context, physical activity, and inactivity levels in Girl Scout Junior troop meetings. Methods: Forty-two girls (mean age 10.8 ± 1.2) from four troops wore accelerometers during 28 meetings. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) were assessed during a six-month period. Minutes spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous PA were summed and averaged. Direct observation measures assessed the environmental context of activity/inactivity. Results: In an average troop meeting, girls spent 94.4 min of time in SED, 26.3 min in light physical activity (LPA), and 2.0 min in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). There was no significant difference for time spent in PA at various levels among girls of different socio-economic status, racial/ethnic background, or weight status (F [3,238] .05). Troop leaders were more likely to discourage PA (0.6% of time) than to promote PA (0.0%), and no PA related educational content was observed. Conclusion: Girls accumulated two min MVPA, and >90 min SED per meeting. Based on our observations, these troop meetings currently are missing opportunities to contribute positively to the health and fitness of attending girls. Interventions providing opportunities for enjoyable PA specifically catering to needs and interests of girls are warranted.
Ebeye Diabetic Health Improvement
Authors: Reddy Ravi , Trinidad Richard , Seremai Johannes , Nasa Joaquin
Published: July 2019

Objectives – Translation and implementation of a diabetes mellitus type 2 educational curriculum in Ebeye, an island within the Republic of Marshall Islands, and a preliminary evaluation of improvements in health outcomes. Methods – Ebeye Public Health Clinic Health Educators held a series of hourly diabetes mellitus type 2 educational sessions with 17 Marshallese participants, based on a curriculum previously used with a group of Marshallese diabetics in Hawaii, focusing on diet, exercise, medications, and insulin administration. Baseline and six month data was collected on surrogate markers of health status. Results – After 6 months, statistically significant improvements were seen in the percentage of participants with blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg and weight loss of at least 10 pounds since their last visit. Minor trends toward improvement were observed in participation with; statin treatment, self monitoring of blood glucose goals set, and nutritional counseling. Discussion – Some markers of diabetic health improvement were observed in this preliminary translational study, and similar studies in other Pacific areas are being planned.
Physical Activity Among Newly Immigrated Latino Adults
Authors: Weiss Jie W. , Rubin Daniela , Gomel Jessica N.
Published: July 2019

Latinos are disproportionately represented among overweight, obese, and unfit adults, putting them at higher risk for compromised health. This study examined weight status and usage of an aerobics program established within a residential complex among a sample of low-income, recently immigrated Latino adults (94 women/53 men). Results demonstrated that most participants were overweight or obese (79%) and physically inactive (59.1%). Results also indicated that while walking was the most common type of physical activity for both men and women, there are significant gender differences in other types of physical activities, in that housework was a more prevalent type of activity for women than men and yard work is a more prevalent activity for men. Furthermore, more women reported going to the exercise class than men while men reported to be more engaged in sports. The finding of this study provided valuable insights on the risk perception of being overweight and its connection to health, as well as useful information about the barriers to the physical activity and preferences for specific physical activities for this population.
Best Practices for Telemedicine Programs
Authors: Ritter Lois A. , Robinette Tessa R. , Cofano John
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a statewide telemedicine and eHealth program in California and its impact on reducing barriers to health services for rural and underserved populations. Methods: Data were collected via surveys, site visits, document reviews, and informal interviews over a four-year period by an external evaluation team. Results: Medical consultations in 33 medical specialties were provided in 22 counties. Patients and providers were satisfied with telemedicine services, and the technical support and education provided was rated as being of high quality. Many policies and barriers exist that impede full deployment and sustainability of telemedicine programs. Provider recruitment is a challenge; consumer demand was lower than expected. Trial and error for program planning and implementation was the norm for this pioneering effort. Although technological and communicative networking among the grantees was initially minimal, it increased over time. Conclusions: Telemedicine can improve access to medical care for people who reside in rural populations and underserved markets. We speculate that a systematic statewide telemedicine program with a few regional telemedicine centers may be a better approach than numerous stand-alone programs.
Enhancing wellness by therapeutic lifestyle change
Authors: Sanghani Shveta , Deavenport Alexis , Herring Patti , Anderson S. Eric , Medina Ernie , Kazemi Sanam
Published: July 2019

Wellness programs based on therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) interventions have recently demonstrated potential in combating stress and anxiety disorders. Despite this trend, a limited evidence-base exists on whether charging a fee for such programs impacts participant behavior by increasing attendance and retention. This pilot study therefore determined if attendance rate differed for a fee-based program as opposed to a free program amongst a heterogeneous group of participants who had previously experienced significant benefits from an identical stress reduction program. The design was a quasiexperimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. Our preliminary findings demonstrated that participants in the fee-based group had a significantly higher mean of program attendance than those in the free attendance group. Charging fees for wellness programs may be a promising behavior change strategy, increasing attendance and participation, and maximizing program benefits. Nevertheless, more in-depth research is needed to examine participant attitudes toward paid versus free programs.
We are Family
Authors: Omolafe Alexander , Mouttapa Michele , McMahan Shari , Tanjasiri Sora Park
Published: July 2019

This cross-sectional study sought to describe an association between family history of type-2 diabetes and the awareness of risk factors, perceived threat and physical activity levels in African Americans. With a prevalence of 11.8%, African Americans remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic of diabetes. A risk factor that cannot be modified, but is important and closely linked with diabetes expression, family history, can be a considerable tool in promoting behavior change and reducing the risk of developing the condition in African Americans. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 133 church going African Americans, with 55 of them with a positive family history of type-2 diabetes (41.4%) and 78 (58.6%) without. None of the participants had been previously been diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. The results from the study indicated that African Americans with positive family history had a greater knowledge of risk factors, were more likely to indicate that their concern about the disease influences their eating habits and physical activity, and engaged in significantly more physical activity than those with no family history.
Role of Spirituality in Coping with Breast Cancer
Authors: Sabado Melanie , Tanjasiri Sora Park , Mata‘alii Sala , Hanneman Marion
Published: July 2019

The use of spirituality for guidance and coping affects the quality of life in many cancer survivors and their supporters. Previous research has focused on coping strategies among cancer and terminally ill survivors, primarily among White and African American women. However, the length and extent to which these strategies have been researched in a cultural and communal context, such as Pacific Islanders, is not documented. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore spiritual coping among a crosssectional sample of 20 Samoan women diagnosed with breast cancer and 40 of their supporters (family and/or friends) in Southern California. In-depth interviews were conducted retrospectively with survivors and their supporters by trained bilingual/bicultural interviewers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed (and translated where applicable), and analyzed using the grounded theory approach to identify major themes for each group. Results illustrated that spirituality provided considerable emotional and logistical assistance to both survivors and their supporters, with particularly churches playing a potentially important role in the development of social support programs for both groups. This study supports the use of faith-based communities as forums to increase health education and understanding the further use of spiritual coping for cancer survivors, family, and friends.
Understanding a Pacific Islander Young Adult Perspective on Access to Higher Education
Authors: Tran Jacqueline , Wong Michelle , Wright Erin Kahunawaika'ala , Fa`avae Joe , Cheri Ashley , Wat Eric , Camacho Keith L. , Foo Mary Anne
Published: July 2019

The Pacific Islander (PI) community suffers disproportionately from illnesses and diseases, including diabetes, heart disease and cancer. While there are tremendous health needs within the PI community, there are few health care providers from the community that exist to help address these particular needs. Many efforts have focused on health care workforce diversity to reduce and eliminate health disparities, but few have examined the issues faced in the health care work force pipeline. Understanding educational attainment among PI young adults is pivotal in speaking to a diverse health care workforce where health disparities among Pacific Islanders (PIs) may be addressed. This paper provides an in-depth, qualitative assessment of the various environmental, structural, socio-economic, and social challenges that prevent PIs from attaining higher education; it also discusses the various needs of PI young adults as they relate to psychosocial support, retention and recruitment, and health career knowledge and access. This paper represents a local, Southern California, assessment of PI young adults regarding educational access barriers. We examine how these barriers impact efforts to address health disparities and look at opportunities for health and health-related professionals to reduce and care for the high burden of illnesses and diseases in PI communities.
Native Hawaiian Voices
Authors: McMullin Juliet , Bone Momi , Pang Jane Ka‘ala , Pang Victor Kaiwi , McEligot Archana
Published: July 2019

Following the goals of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), this paper describes how Native Hawaiian values emerged as a methodology for the conduct of a study with Native Hawaiians residing in Southern California. The equitable placing of community values side by side with scientific values show that community concepts can parallel and extend CBPR premises and are more than a variable to be added in the analysis. The community partners, whose voices guide this paper, introduced the values associated with the concepts of “aloha,” “mālama,” “maihilahila,” “na„auao,” and “ano ano hua.” These concepts were employed and maintained throughout the study that assessed diet, obesity, and psychosocial factors related to food and nutrition as a cancer prevention method. We describe and examine these values in light of persistent challenges in CBPR; ensuring that the topic is a community driven issue, fair representation and data dissemination. We argue that Native Hawaiian values are touchstones that intersect in important ways with the goals of CBPR – equality, respecting each other‟s strengths and the elimination of health disparities for future generations.
Tongan American Health Professionals Association Promoting Health Through Sharing, Mentoring and Networking
Authors: Tui`one Vanessa , Hui Brian , Tulua-Tata Alisi , Tisnado Diana M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Tongan-Americans face severe disparities in health including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Educational disparities also affect health opportunities and well-being, influencing health status and community capacity to address disparities. Few resources have been identified within the Tongan-American community to address these concerns. The Tongan American Health Professionals Association (TAHPA) was conceived to identify and develop health and health career resources for the Tongan community. Through TAHPA, the Tongan-American community is utilizing a communityempowerment approach to address disparities and well-being. Methods: TAHPA was formed in 2008 through the leadership of individuals with a vision of a healthier Tongan-American community. TAHPA's purpose was to inspire and empower the Tongan-American community by developing an organization of Tongan-American health care professionals and pre-professionals, celebrating their accomplishments, and providing resources and support for educational and career development. Founders gathered in small work groups in community settings to discuss health concerns, well-being and solutions. Key community members facilitated the process to establish goals and objectives. Next Steps: To date, 40 Tongan health professionals and pre-professionals have become members. TAHPA's vision and outreach processes have been developed. TAHPA’s uniqueness and strength is that it is rooted in the community, created by the community to serve the community.
Exploring the Experience of Older Adults Volunteering with an Intergenerational Program to Prevent Childhood Obesity
Authors: Werner Danilea , Teufel James , Brown Stephen
Published: July 2019

Over the past three decades, obesity rates in the United States have increased dramatically among both children and adults. A variety of programs have been created to prevent and intervene in the obesity epidemic but few are intergenerational. This article explores volunteers’ experience with an innovative childhood obesity prevention program called Active Generations. Active Generations benefits both children and seniors by utilizing older adult volunteers to implement a version of the evidence-based childhood obesity prevention program, CATCH (Coordinated Approach To Child Health) in out-ofschool settings. Understanding that social and civic engagement maintains or improves the health of older adults, this article reviews the stories and preliminary experiences of older adults volunteering to help reverse the trend of childhood obesity.