bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Game Edukasi Kulnas (Kuliner Nusantara) dalam Melestarikan Kekayaan Nusantara menggunakan Visual Basic
Authors: Ono Rosalia Sonia , Ismiati Maria Bellaniar
Published: October 2021

Traditional food or culinary archipelago is an ethnic or country identity. In Indonesia traditional food can be found easily in every province. However, many Indonesian people do not know their traditional food and prefer western food or western food. They also have no knowledge of the ingredients used to make western food. One of the causes of this phenomenon is because nowadays Indonesian people tend to play cooking games from abroad or games that do not add to their insight. It cannot be denied that the number of games is quite a lot, on the other hand the number of local games to introduce traditional or culinary food of the Indonesian archipelago is very low and even rarely found. Therefore, this study made an educational game to introduce various traditional foods from all regions in Indonesia and what ingredients were used in making these foods. This game was developed using Visual Basic with the beginning of storyboarding (design) from the archipelago culinary education game, then the design and coding process of the national game. The game itself can be played on personal computers, by possessing various menus such as introducing 3 foods that are typical of 32 provinces which of course are rarely heard and what ingredients are used in making these foods. And quiz knowledge about the materials used to make typical foods in each province.
Misconceptions about Fruits Consumption among Nursing Mothers
Authors: Arshad Misbah , Bashir Shahid , Khalid Sidra
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Poor nutritional practices especially in pregnancy and early childhood can result in dire consequences in the growth and development of a child. The nutritional status of nursing children can be determined by maternal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards certain foods.Objective:This study was conducted to find out the existing beliefs and practices about food misconceptions among nursing mothers at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Methods:Data size was 100 nursing mothers and they were selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze data. Results:Findings showed that majority of mothers were practiced false dietary habits for the sake of good health of their children. Total 83 nursing mothers were practiced these misconceptions because their family elders told them. It was considered that banana increase mucus production(89), oranges increase soreness of throat(76), mango increase the chance of allergy in children, dates are hot(70) and papaya can cause miscarriage(58). Conclusions:Current Study concluded that existence of food myths and taboos was very common among nursing mothers and they also practiced it. Fruits such as papaya, mango and saffron were practiced as hot and also considered as anti-pregnancy fruits.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICULAR TIME WORKING AGREEMENTS TO REALIZE THE PROTECTION OF WORKERS' RIGHTS AND WELFARE
Authors: Andriani Dian , Washliati Laily , Fadjriani Lia , Milanie Feby , Saifannur Andri
Published: October 2021

Juridical Analysis of a Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) to Realize the Protection of Workers' Rights and Welfare (Research Study at the PT. Bersama Gemilang Property Batam Office), has been carried out as it should, in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. There are factors related to the protection of the rights and welfare of contract workers. The qualifications/types of writing in this journal use normative legal writing, and then integrate it with sociological/empirical legal writing, and to analyze some of the problems in this journal, Lawrence M. Friedmen's big theory, Jeremy Bentham's middle theory, and application theory are used. / applied theory Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. The results of the analysis are still experiencing several obstacles both internally and externally. The obstacles faced have not been the implementation of rights and welfare, which have been prioritized and carried out but not yet perfectly. It is very necessary and improved in terms of supervision in terms of quality and quantity in order to suppress and not give space to violators who do not comply with contract workers. There is also a need for wider socialization in a timely manner regarding the implementation of the new law on the rights and welfare of contract workers.
Comparing Two Distinct Miliary Samples on Traumatic Events, Positive Coping Styles and Post Traumatic Growth
Authors: Blau Gary , Miller Glen
Published: October 2021

This study collected complete data traumatic event-related information, positive coping styles, and post traumatic growth variables from two different United States (US) military veteran samples: non-combat military veterans (n = 54) and combat military veterans (n = 84). Although both samples represent military veterans, only one sample experienced actual combat, i.e., active fighting in a war against an enemy. All data were collected via online survey. Demographically, both samples were predominately White male, with a four-year college degree being the highest education level frequency. The average participant age was 29 years and there was no significant mean age difference between the samples. In addition, there were no significant sample differences in the total number of traumatic events experienced or time since the most powerful traumatic event was experienced. The purposes of this study were to: (1) test if four positive coping strategies were related to Post Traumatic Growh (PTG), and (2) to determine if there were differences in the use of these four coping strategies or experienced PTG for non-combat versus combat military veterans. The four positive coping styles were measured, instrumental support, emotional support, religion, and acceptance. For the combined sample, two coping styles, instrumental support and religion were each significant positively related to post traumatic growth (PTG). Significant sample differences were found on instrumental support and religion such that the non-combat veterans perceived higher mean levels on both coping styles versus the combat veterans. No sample difference was found for PTG. Future research directions and study limitations are discussed.
Political realism in the thought of Niccolò Macchiavelli. Outline of the problems
Authors: Gołubców Patryk
Published: October 2021

Political realism constitutes one of the key issues raised in the intellectual reflection
of Niccolò Macchiavelli, the thinker considered to be a pioneer of political science.
In one of his flagship works, The Prince, he provides guidelines in the context of effective
governance, according to which the basic premise in this regard should be not
“as it should be”, but “as it is”. The consequence of the aforementioned assumption
is the primacy of efficiency over morality in exercising power. He considers the republic
to be the optimal state system. However, in order to be able to introduce and maintain it,
as well as to fulfil the most important function of the state institution, which is to ensure
the internal and external security of citizens, one should follow the principle that “the
end justifies the means”, as proclaimed by Macchiavelli.
A New Term Frequency with Gaussian Technique for Text Classification and Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Vichianchai Vuttichai , Kasemvilas Sumonta
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a new term frequency with a Gaussian technique (TF-G) to classify the risk of suicide from Thai clinical notes and to perform sentiment analysis based on Thai customer reviews and English tweets of travelers that use US airline services. This research compared TF-G with term weighting techniques based on Thai text classification methods from previous researches, including the bag-of-words (BoW), term frequency (TF), term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), and term frequency-inverse corpus document frequency (TF-ICF) techniques. Suicide risk classification and sentiment analysis were performed with the decision tree (DT), naïve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) techniques. The experimental results showed that TF-G is appropriate for feature extraction to classify the risk of suicide and to analyze the sentiments of customer reviews and tweets of travelers. The TF-G technique was more accurate than BoW, TF, TF-IDF and TF-ICF for term weighting in Thai suicide risk classification, for term weighting in sentiment analysis of Thai customer reviews for Burger King, Pizza Hut, and Sizzler restaurants, and for the sentiment analysis of English tweets of travelers using US airline services.
Mapeamento da NBR ISO/IEC 12207 em Papéis da Gerência de Projetos de Software
Authors: Siqueira Fábio Levy , Silva Paulo Sérgio Muniz
Published: October 2021

A NBR ISO/IEC 12207 define um quadro de referência padrão para os processos de ciclo de vida de software. Um desses processos é a gerência, definido na norma sem os detalhes de como executar as atividades prescritas. Buscando criar um conjunto de guias práticos das responsabilidades da gerência de projetos de software, nesse artigo é apresentada uma proposta de mapeamento da NBR ISO/IEC 12207 em um conjunto de papéis gerenciais baseados no Rational Unified Process. Uma das possibilidades desse mapeamento é discutida em um estudo de caso, com características de desenvolvimento distribuído de software, em que é apresentado o seu uso para a análise dos problemas da gerência de projetos de software.
Estratégia para Melhoria de Processos em Conformidade com o CMMI e o MR mps Br no BNDES
Authors: Viveiros Sérgio Marques de , Teixeira Cássio Adriano Nunes , Ramos Jorge Luiz Dias , Assumpção Ariana Ribeiro Gomes de , Rocha Ana Regina
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta um projeto de melhoria de processo de software que vem sendo conduzido no Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social - BNDES, seus objetivos, diretrizes e estratégias. Descrevemos também o cenário que motivou sua existência e os resultados obtidos até o momento.
Diagnóstico da área de Requisitos de Software usando IDEAL, CMMI e SCAMPI: Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Corrêa George Marsicano , Figueiredo Rejane M. da Costa , Oliveira Káthia M. de
Published: October 2021

Com o intuito de aumentar a qualidade de seus produtos e diminuir o re-trabalho, uma empresa de Brasília iniciou a melhoria do seu processo de software tendo como foco a área de requisitos. Para isso, foi utilizada a fase de Diagnóstico da abordagem IDEAL para mapear a situação atual da área de requisitos, nas práticas específicas propostas pelo modelo CMMI para as áreas de processo - Gerenciamento de Requisitos e Desenvolvimento de Requisitos – e na definição dos critérios de avaliação do Método SCAMPISM. Como resultado, foram identificados pontos fracos, suas causas e impactos no processo da empresa que inviabilizavam a prática bem estabelecida da Gerência e Desenvolvimento de Requisitos.
Modelo de Gestão para o Desenvolvimento do Sistema de Informações Meteorológicas para o Setor Elétrico
Authors: Trzeciak Dorzeli Salete , Abreu Pedro Felipe de , Abreu Aline França de , Salvador Glauber Teza , Ranzi Thomas Augusto Damo
Published: October 2021

Este artigo relata a estratégia e o modelo de gestão de um projeto que se encontra em andamento, financiado com recursos do CT-ENERG/FlNEP. O projeto envolve sete empresas do setor de energia elétrica situadas nos estados de RS, SC e MS. Seu objetivo é disponibilizar, através de um sistema de informação baseado na web informações sobre descargas atmosféricas e tempestades severas. Os dados coletados e pré-processados pelos sensores serão encaminhados à Epagri, responsável pela elaboração de relatórios e análises meteorológicas. As informações geradas serão disponibilizadas às empresas envolvidas no projeto, aos órgãos responsáveis pelo tráfego aéreo e à defesa civil.
Estratégia Aplicada a Sistemas de Informação
Authors: Souza Enock Godoy de , Fontana Eduardo Ribas
Published: October 2021

A área de Sistemas de Informação sofre grandes impactos devido às decisões tomadas por seus estrategistas. Este artigo busca examinar as principais tendências apresentadas em pesquisas relacionadas ao tema de estratégia e sistemas de informação, utilizando para isto a classificação proposta por Whittington (2001). Posteriormente, serão analisadas as conseqüências da aplicação de cada perspectiva na formulação das estratégias ligadas à área de sistemas de informação. Como conseqüência dessa classificação será proposto um significado mais abrangente ao termo "alinhamento estratégico entre o negócio e o departamento de Sistemas de Informação".
CodeMI - Source Code as XML Metadata Interchange Uma Representação de Código-fonte para Coleta de Métricas
Authors: Santos João Paulo dos , Barros Márcio de O.
Published: October 2021

Representações de software baseadas em XML possuem nível de abstração adequado para o processamento, análise e manipulação de código fonte por ferramentas. Estas representações fornecem detalhes expressivos sobre a estrutura do código-fonte. A alta verbosidade de algumas representações e a exposição de detalhes do código-fonte em excesso dificultam a realização de estudos de evolução de softwares industriais. Neste artigo, apresentamos CodeMI, uma representação de código-fonte baseadaem XML que utiliza a extensão do formato XMI para definir elementos, com ênfase na estrutura do código-fonte, que viabilizem a coleta de métricas sem revelar a dinâmica de execução do software.
Fatores Organizacionais e sua Influência na Segurança da Informação em Universidades Públicas: Um Estudo Empírico
Authors: Machado Carlos A. N. , Cabral Lucídio A. F. , Santos Jozemar P. , Motta Gustavo H. M. B.
Published: October 2021

Um estudo empírico foi realizado para analisar a influência de fatores organizacionais na percepção da efetividade da segurança da informação em universidades públicas. Empregou-se a técnica da análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) para analisar dados de um questionário respondido por 75 profissionaisde TIC de 46 universidades públicas de todos os estados do Brasil. Os resultados da AFE permitiram concluir que medidas de melhoria dos aspectos de segurança da informação devem ocorrer em sintonia e com o apoio da administração superior dessas instituições.
Ontologias e Web Services aplicados ao desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Móveis Sensíveis ao Contexto
Authors: Lamas Anderson Resende , Lisboa Filho Jugurta , Botelho Júnior Ronoel , Oliveira Alcione
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta a proposta de uma arquitetura para o desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Móveis (SIG Móveis) capazes de gerenciar informações de contexto. Esta arquitetura baseia-se na especificação de um modelo de contexto baseado em ontologias e em um conjunto de Web Services para acesso a informações armazenadas remotamente em um banco de dados geográficos. Com este mecanismo é possível que um usuário de um SIG Móvel possa receber informações personalizadas em seu dispositivo móvel, combinando as informações de seu perfil com a exibição de dados geo-espacias.
Uma Estratégia de Alocação da Etapa de Requisitos como Apoio ao Gerenciamento de Projetos em Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software
Authors: Matusse Euclides Alfredo , Oliveira Junior Edson A. , Huzita Elisa Hatsue Moriya , Tait Tania Fatima Calvi
Published: October 2021

O desenvolvimento distribuído de software (DDS) tem sido uma abordagem cada vez mais adotada pelas empresas. Logo, gerenciar a distribuição de etapas de um processo de desenvolvimento entre equipes distribuídas é bastante desafiador. Portanto, definir estratégias que consideram aspectos sócio técnicos envolvendo pessoas, tecnologia, processo e métricas podem oferecer o apoio necessário. Este artigo apresenta uma validação experimental, usando GQM, para avaliar uma estratégia que considera a estimativa esforço como elemento intrínseco. Os resultados evidenciam que tais métricas constituem-se em indicadores para alocar requisitos em DDS - modelo offshore outsourcing.
Heurísticas para Visualização de Dados
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda C. , Caetano Bárbara P. , Paula Melise M. V. de , Chaves Miriam B. F. , Silva Vinicius de F. , Rodrigues Sérgio A. , Souza Jano M. de
Published: October 2021

Os Sistemas de Informação são utilizados para coletar, armazenar e disseminar as informações geradas pelos usuários. Além disso, esses sistemas auxiliam no processo de tomada de decisão assim como as técnicas de Visualização de Informação (InfoVis). Especialistas recomendam o uso de heurísticas para facilitar o processo de escolha das técnicas de InfoVis a serem aplicadas em qualquer contexto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a literatura sobre InfoVis e a transparência dos dados públicos de forma a identificar um conjunto de heurísticas que pudessem ser utilizadas para verificar a adequação da aplicação das técnicas de visualização no contexto governamental.
Estendendo o Framework JAMDER para Suporte à Implementação de Sistemas Multi-Agente Normativos
Authors: R. Júnior Robert M. , Freire Emmanuel S. S. , Cortés Mariela I.
Published: October 2021

No desenvolvimento de sistemas complexos é notória uma dificuldade significativa, resultante do gap semântico, caracterizado pela distinção conceitual e semântica entre duas descrições e suas respectivas representações. Esta diferença traz um impacto negativo na produtividade do desenvolvedor e possivelmente na qualidade do código gerado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo aproximar os conceitos de modelagem e implementação, especificamente para sistemas multi-agente normativos, através da extensão do framework JAMDER. O principal benefício do mapeamento proposto é reduzir o gap semântico entre a modelagem do projeto e sua implementação. Para ilustrar o resultado da proposta é apresentado um estudo de caso que envolve um sistema multi-agente normativo para submissão de artigos.
Optimization and qualification of vaccination records against Covid-19 in public health: the case of "e-SUS Vacinação"
Authors: Prado Ricardo Luiz Camargo , Celuppi Ianka Cristina , Oliveira Amanda Martins , Hammes Jades Fernando , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Wazlawick Raul Sidnei
Published: October 2021

The objective of this manuscript is to describe the development of the mobile application “e-SUS Vaccination”, its features, and its applicability in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The application was developed based on 4 guiding pillars: 1) Compatibility with personal smartphones and tablets; 2) Offline operation first; 3) Agile development, based on SCRUM, flutter framework, and validated design patterns; 4) To prioritize the reorganization of the registration process, focusing on agility in filling it out. It is expected to improve efficiency in vaccination and to reduce the time spent to carry out records in the information systems, impacting on the reduction of workloads of health professionals and on the qualification of the care provided to all Brazilian citizens linked to the Health Unic System.
Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Medically Important Parasitic Infections
Authors: Kaura Taruna , Sharma Nikita , Mewara Abhishek
Published: October 2021

Insecticide resistance is a major threat to vector control programmes as insecticides still remain the most effective method to control the vector-borne diseases. For effective management of insecticide resistance, a knowledge of the insecticides used along with their mode of action is a prerequisite to optimize their use. Nowadays, different detection methods, viz., phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic assays are used for assessment of insecticide resistance in vectors. An understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic variations present in the vectors help in implementation of these techniques to evaluate the usefulness of insecticides in an area and to determine the efficacy of an ongoing vector control programmes. The understanding of different factors involved in emergence of insecticide resistance and the alternative solutions to control this problem by the use of rotational, mixture of insecticides and use of piperonyl butoxide to increase the efficacy of indoor residual spray and insecticide treated bed nets are some of the steps taken to tackle the problem of insecticide resistance in vectors.
The Regenerative Effect of Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Fat Micro-Graft in Treatment of Chronic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mesfer Al Kahtani Mohammed , H. Al Yami Ali , Saleh Al Qahtani Sarah , Aouabdi Sihem
Published: October 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent conditions resulting to disability particularly in elderly population About 13% of women and 10% of men aged 60 years and older have symptomatic knee OA. The proportions of people affected with symptomatic knee OA is likely to increase due to the aging of the population and the rate of obesity or overweight in the general population. There are multiple factors associated with this progressive disease such as obesity, female gender, and repetitive trauma. Pain is the most common symptom in knee OA, a leading cause of chronic disability, clinical diagnosis will be supported by certain radiological findings. There are numerous conservative therapies that help to relive symptoms depend on severity of Osteoarthritis, and knee replacement remains standard of care in advance disease. Fat Micrografting is evolving technique with promising result in selected patients with regenerative and reparative effect of adipocyte-derived stem cell toward damaged cartilage and bone, which supported by clinical evidence.
COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS E ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO: DESAFIOS PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE JUSTIÇA SOCIAL E PRESERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA CHAPADA DIAMANTINA
Authors: Nascimento Maria Medrado
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar as reflexões sobre os desafios encontrados para a articulação entre justiça social e preservação ambiental nos casos de sobreposição territorial entre comunidades tradicionais e Unidades de Conservação (UC). Por meio de um estudo de caso sobre o Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, o texto apresenta o panorama dos direitos das populações tradicionais no Brasil e na América Latina, as transformações operadas no sentido de identidade das comunidades rurais e como os temas justiça social e reconhecimento contribuem nas reflexões sobre o conflito socioambiental em questão. A pesquisa realizada aponta que, embora a Constituição Federal brasileira e outras leis e decretos garantam direitos específicos a grupos sociais tradicionais, dialogando com as estratégias de um constitucionalismo plurinacional adotado por alguns países sul-americanos, essas orientações não se efetivam nos casos em questão. Os obstáculos para a efetivação de direitos se apoiam na dualidade que se estabelece entre mundo formal e informal, comprometendo a estabilidade institucional e o funcionamento dos acordos. As estratégias para a superação de tais obstáculos, assim como de (re)ação e resistência das comunidades afetadas aos seus territórios serão aspectos abordados no decorrer do texto.
MADE IN BRAZIL: CONSPIRACY THEORY AND THE FLOW OF INFORMATION IN ONE-TO-ONE WHATSAPP CONVERSATIONS
Authors: R. Rosa Fernanda
Published: October 2021

This essay aims to shed light on the multiple and complex ways that information flows among individuals in times of intense use of digital platforms. Based on actor-network theory, it unveils largely unknown communication processes about the controversial death of the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice, Teori Zavascki in 2017 that occurred in closed conversations in which the author was part. Analyzing primary data, the essay discusses the signs of authority that allow for non-verified or fiction pieces to circulate as if they were news pieces, enabling conspiracy theories to take form. The essay defends that mutual responsibility in building the narrative with peers within a likeminded groups, and “translation” processes in which sender and information merge their characteristics to create trust are important factors to understand this phenomenon. Furthermore, in discussing news as cultural artifacts, the essay also raises reflections of the limits of framing this phenomenon as fake news, which artificially oppose what is “real” and “fake” disregarding cultural dynamics at stake.
Laser‐Induced Graphene on Paper toward Efficient Fabrication of Flexible, Planar Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Pinheiro Tomás , Silvestre Sara , Coelho João , Marques Ana C. , Martins Rodrigo , Sales M. Goreti F. , Fortunato Elvira
Published: October 2021

Laser irradiation to induce networks of graphene‐based structures toward cost‐effective, flexible device fabrication is a highly pursued area, with applications in various polymeric substrates. This work reports the application of this approach toward commonly available, eco‐friendly, low‐cost substrates, namely, chromatographic and office papers. Through an appropriate chemical treatment with sodium tetraborate as a fire‐retardant agent, photothermal conversion to porous laser‐induced graphene (LIG) on paper is achieved. Raman peaks are identified, with I2D/IG and ID/IG peak ratios of 0.616 ± 0.095 and 1.281 ± 0.173, showing the formation of multilayered graphenic material, exhibiting sheet resistances as low as 56.0 Ω sq–1. Coplanar, LIG‐based, three‐electrode systems (working, counter and reference electrodes) are produced and characterized, showing high current Faradaic oxidation and reduction peaks, translating in high electrochemical active area, doubling the geometric area. Good electron transfer kinetics performed exclusively with on‐chip measurements are reached, with k0 values as high as 7.15 × 10–4 cm s–1. Proof‐of‐concept, amperometric, enzymatic glucose biosensors are developed, exhibiting good analytical performance in physiologically relevant glucose levels, with results pointing to the applicability of paper‐based LIG toward efficient, disposable electrochemical sensor development, increasing their sustainability and accessibility, while simplifying their production and reducing their cost.
Characterizing expansiveness and iron reducibility of red‐clay soils for the purpose of on‐site wastewater system placement in Arkansas
Authors: Darnell Bailey , Brye Kristofor R. , West Larry T. , Wood Lisa S. , Miller David M.
Published: October 2021

The lack of iron‐reducing capability in some red soils poses an issue for determining the suitability for on‐site wastewater treatment systems (OSWWTS). The Arkansas Department of Health allows for placement of OSWWTS in certain red‐clay soils that have the potential for iron reduction and do not show expansiveness upon wetting, but only in the Ozark Highlands (Major Land Resource Area [MLRA] 116A), which is referred to as the red‐soil exception. The objectives of this study were (a) to confirm the nonexpansiveness and iron reducibility of select soils in the Ozark Highlands that meet the criteria for the red‐soil exception, and (b) to compare the expansiveness and iron reducibility of the residual or colluvial red‐clay soils of the Ozark Highlands with those in four other MLRA region groupings in Arkansas. Fresh and archived soils were used to create a 51‐sample dataset from the 38‐ to 50‐cm soil depth interval for analyses. The alluvial soils of the Red and Arkansas River valleys had a mean coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) of 0.116 mm mm–1, whereas the residual or colluvial soils from the other MLRA regions evaluated had lower (P < .01) COLE values. Soils from the Red and Arkansas Rivers region changed red color (∆A) the least (∆A of −8.6 in the LAB color scheme; P < .01) compared with soils from the other regions. Results of this study indicate that the red‐soil exception, as used by the Arkansas Department of Health for determining OSWWTS suitability, could be expanded to include soils from several additional MLRAs with additional, site‐specific information.
Tool use behavior in three wild bonobo communities at Kokolopori
Authors: Samuni Liran , Lemieux David , Lamb Alicia , Galdino Daiane , Surbeck Martin
Published: October 2021

Comparative studies on tool technologies in extant primates, especially in our closest living relatives, offer a window into the evolutionary foundations of tool use in hominins. Whereas chimpanzee tool technology is well studied across populations, the scarcity of described tool technology in wild populations of our other closest living relative, the bonobo, is a mystery. Here we provide a first report of the tool use repertoire of the Kokolopori bonobos and describe in detail the use of leaf‐umbrellas during rainfall, with the aim to improve our knowledge of bonobo tool use capacity in the wild. The tool use repertoire of the Kokolopori bonobos was most similar to that of the nearby population of Wamba and comprised eight behaviors, none in a foraging context. Further, over a 6‐month period we documented 44 instances of leaf‐umbrella use by 22 individuals from three communities, suggesting that this behavior is habitual. Most leaf‐umbrella tool users were adult females, and we observed a nonadult using a leaf‐umbrella on only a single occasion. While the study and theory of tool technologies is often based on the use of tools in foraging tasks, tool use in bonobos typically occurs in nonforaging contexts across populations. Therefore, incorporating both foraging and nonforaging contexts into our theoretical framework is essential if we wish to advance our understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of tool technology in humans.
Recent Advances in Small Molecule‐Based Intracellular pH Probes
Authors: Hande Pankaj E. , Shelke Yogesh G. , Datta Anindya , Gharpure Santosh J.
Published: October 2021

Intracellular pH plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Small‐molecule based pH probes are found to be the most effective for pH sensing because of ease of preparation, high sensitivity, and quick response. They have many advantages such as small perturbation to the functions of the target, functional adaptability, cellular component‐specific localization, etc. The present review highlights the flurry of recent activity in the development of such probes. The probes are categorized based on the type of fluorophore used like quinoline, coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, indolium, naphthalimide, etc., and their analytical performance is discussed.
Impact of extensive negative pressure wound therapy on neonatal respiration: A case report
Authors: Osawa Ichiro , Tsuboi Norihiko , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi
Published: October 2021

An extensive topical negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) from the abdominal to chest walls in neonates may decrease the compliance of the chest wall. Therefore, it is important to monitor respiratory function carefully during the procedure.
Heparinized swine models for better surgical/endoscopic training
Authors: Kubo Yuto , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Nakajima Kiyokazu
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Animal experiments with large living animals are essential for the development of medical devices and the training of surgical procedures. Swine are frequently used in animal experiments due to their similar size and anatomy compared to humans. However, it is well known that swine has less local bleeding than humans. The aim of the study was to verify whether animal models with appropriate local bleeding capability could be established.

Methods

The activated clotting time (ACT) was measured for eight swine (piglet, 35 kg) under general anesthesia. The flexible endoscope was advanced orally, and the gastric mucosa was intentionally traumatized to bleed by biopsy forceps, and the time until spontaneous hemostasis was obtained (mucosal bleeding time). Then, heparin (50 U/kg) was administered intravenously. After 10 min, the ACT was remeasured, and the gastric mucosa was again damaged to bleed by biopsy forceps. The mucosal bleeding time was remeasured. The above measurements were repeated until the ACT exceeded 200 s.

Results

The median ACT values (seconds) were 83 (no heparin), 155 (50 U/kg heparin), and 204 (100 U/kg heparin), which were significantly increased. The median mucosal bleeding times (seconds) were 152 (no heparin), 283 (50 U/kg), and 423 (100 U/kg), which were significantly extended.

Conclusion

A bleeding animal model for surgical and endoscopic training was successfully established by bolus heparin administration.
Giant Brunner's gland hamartoma diagnosed via endoscopic mucosal resection: A case report
Authors: Naito Sakiko , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Nakamura Shunsuke , Kono Shin , Matsubayashi Jun , Itoi Takao
Published: October 2021

We report the case of a patient with a giant Brunner's gland hamartoma that was pathologically diagnosed by endoscopic mucosal resection. A 69‐year‐old woman presented with intermittent abdominal pain, and imaging revealed a smooth saccular submucosal tumor, 40 mm in diameter, on the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. Brunner's gland and smooth muscle tissue were observed on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, which resulted in the preoperative diagnosis of a duplication cyst. However, subsequent endoscopic mucosal resection established a final histopathological diagnosis of Brunner's gland hamartoma.
North Atlantic minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) feeding habits and migrations evaluated by stable isotope analysis of baleen
Authors: Eerkes‐Medrano Dafne , Aldridge David C. , Blix Arnoldus S.
Published: October 2021

Isotopic analyses of the incrementally growing baleen in Mysticeti have been used to learn about their feeding and movement patterns. Using methods previously applied to Pacific minke whales, stable δ15N and δ13C isotope values were measured along the baleen plates of male and female minke whales from two locations in the Northeast Atlantic. The sample sizes used in this study are comparable to those previously used in the literature, and, although limited in size, the evidence suggests differences in isotopic signatures between whales caught at different locations. Both the δ15N and δ13C data suggest whales at the higher latitude site of Svalbard have a narrower diet than the whales from Lofoten/Vesterålen in Norway. Across all whales, the δ15N data indicate the whales primarily prey on fish for much of the year, only switching to zooplankton during the spring bloom. The δ13C data fail to confirm whether the whales migrate over long distances.
Using machine learning to model nontraditional spatial dependence in occupancy data
Authors: Mohankumar Narmadha M. , Hefley Trevor J.
Published: October 2021

Spatial models for occupancy data are used to estimate and map the true presence of a species, which may depend on biotic and abiotic factors as well as spatial autocorrelation. Traditionally researchers have accounted for spatial autocorrelation in occupancy data by using a correlated normally distributed site‐level random effect, which might be incapable of modeling nontraditional spatial dependence such as discontinuities and abrupt transitions. Machine learning approaches have the potential to model nontraditional spatial dependence, but these approaches do not account for observer errors such as false absences. By combining the flexibility of Bayesian hierarchal modeling and machine learning approaches, we present a general framework to model occupancy data that accounts for both traditional and nontraditional spatial dependence as well as false absences. We demonstrate our framework using six synthetic occupancy data sets and two real data sets. Our results demonstrate how to model both traditional and nontraditional spatial dependence in occupancy data, which enables a broader class of spatial occupancy models that can be used to improve predictive accuracy and model adequacy.
The Relationship Between Praxis® Core Academic Skills for Educators Test and Praxis® Subject Assessment Scores: Validity Coefficients and Differential Prediction Analysis by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Buzick Heather
Published: October 2021

The Praxis® Core Academic Skills for Educators (Core) tests are used in the teacher preparation program admissions process and as part of initial teacher licensure. The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between scores on Praxis Core tests and Praxis Subject Assessments and to test for differential prediction by race and ethnicity. Data were drawn from operational test taker records over a period of nearly 5 years. The analysis suggests that Praxis Core tests of reading, writing, and mathematics are moderate predictors of scores from 11 high‐volume Praxis Subject Assessments. There was little evidence of differential prediction across White, Black or African American, and Hispanic or Latinx test takers.
Heparanase is a regulator of natural killer cell activation and cytotoxicity
Authors: Mayfosh Alyce J , Goodall Katharine J , Nguyen Tien , Baschuk Nikola , Hulett Mark D
Published: October 2021

Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme capable of cleaving heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces. Most immune cells express heparanase that contributes to a range of functions including cell migration and cytokine expression. Heparanase also promotes natural killer (NK) cell migration; however, its role in other NK cell functions remains to be defined. In this study, heparanase-deficient (Hpse–/–) mice were used to assess the role of heparanase in NK cell cytotoxicity, activation, and cytokine production. Upon challenge with the immunostimulant polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), NK cells isolated from Hpse–/– mice displayed impaired cytotoxicity against EO771.LMB cells and reduced levels of activation markers CD69 and NKG2D. However, in vitro cytokine stimulation of wild-type and Hpse–/– NK cells resulted in similar CD69 and NKG2D expression, suggesting the impaired NK cell activation in Hpse–/– mice results from elements within the in vivo niche. NK cells are activated in vivo by dendritic cells (DCs) in response to poly(I:C). Poly(I:C)-stimulated Hpse–/– bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) expressed less IL-12, and when cultured with Hpse–/– NK cells, less MCP-1 mRNA and protein was detected. Although cell-cell contact is important for DC-mediated NK cell activation, co-cultures of Hpse–/– BMDCs and NK cells showed similar levels of contact to wild-type cells, suggesting heparanase contributes to NK cell activation independently of cell-cell contact with DCs. These observations define a role for heparanase in NK cell cytotoxicity and activation and have important implications for how heparanase inhibitors currently in clinical trials for metastatic cancer may impact NK cell immunosurveillance.
Iterative differential autoregressive spectrum estimation for Raman spectrum denoising
Authors: Guo Yixin , Jin Weiqi , Guo Zongyu , He Yuqing
Published: October 2021

Although ultraviolet (UV) laser Raman spectroscopy offers the benefits of stronger signals, partial separation of fluorescence and Raman spectra, and increased eye safety, it suffers from excessive noise, poor resolution, low maturity level, and small intensities of remotely acquired signals and therefore needs to be used in combination with effective denoising techniques. Herein, a denoising approach denoted as iterative differential autoregressive spectrum estimation was developed relying on the assumption that more detailed Raman peaks can be obtained by dividing the Raman spectrum into multiple layers with different intensity levels and estimating the energy distribution of each layer. Specifically, each layer was computed from the difference between the upper layer spectrum and its autoregressive model estimation spectrum, and the energy distribution at progressively lower intensity levels was considered. Compared with traditional techniques, our method exhibited good noise suppression performance and an excellent Raman peak restoration ability while offering the advantages of decreased spectral resolution loss and stable robustness. Cutoff optimization strategies were proposed to improve convergence and noise suppression ability and thus decrease the calculation time to 0.18 s and meet the needs of remote Raman spectrometers for real‐time denoising under the condition of long integration. The developed technique paves the way to Raman spectrum denoising based on power spectrum estimation, has a strong adaptive potential, and can be extended to other applications.
Distribution evaluation of tacrolimus in the ascitic fluid of liver transplant recipients with liver cirrhosis by a sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Yang Na , Du Yao , He Jun , Ge Jiajia , Wang Min , Sun Runbin , Zhu Huaijun , Ge Weihong
Published: October 2021

Tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic index and large individual differences in pharmacokinetics. The distribution of tacrolimus in ascitic fluid and its influence on whole‐blood tacrolimus were unclear. In this study, a sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the quantification of tacrolimus in the ascitic fluid of liver transplant recipients. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus Phenyl‐Hexyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm). Mass spectrometry was performed in multiple reaction monitoring conditions of transitions m/z 821.4→768.5 for tacrolimus. The concentrations of tacrolimus in the ascitic fluid range from 0.2 to 3.0 ng/mL, accounting for 1.19–31.87% of whole‐blood tacrolimus concentrations. A linear mixed model showed a statistically significant positive correlation between the steady‐state trough blood concentration of tacrolimus and the corresponding amount of tacrolimus excreted in the ascitic fluid for 24 consecutive hours, especially after normalization by daily dose per unit body weight. These data suggested that the distribution of tacrolimus in the ascitic fluid has great individual differences. The whole‐blood tacrolimus concentration, dose per unit body weight, and other confounding factors may contribute to the excretion of tacrolimus in ascitic fluid, but the influence of tacrolimus excretion in drained ascitic fluid on the whole‐blood tacrolimus concentration is negligible.
Mechanism of activation and the rewired network: New drug design concepts
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Zhang Mingzhen , Maloney Ryan , Tsai Chung‐Jung , Yavuz Bengi Ruken , Tuncbag Nurcan , Jang Hyunbum
Published: October 2021

Precision oncology benefits from effective early phase drug discovery decisions. Recently, drugging inactive protein conformations has shown impressive successes, raising the cardinal questions of which targets can profit and what are the principles of the active/inactive protein pharmacology. Cancer driver mutations have been established to mimic the protein activation mechanism. We suggest that the decision whether to target an inactive (or active) conformation should largely rest on the protein mechanism of activation. We next discuss the recent identification of double (multiple) same‐allele driver mutations and their impact on cell proliferation and suggest that like single driver mutations, double drivers also mimic the mechanism of activation. We further suggest that the structural perturbations of double (multiple) in cis mutations may reveal new surfaces/pockets for drug design. Finally, we underscore the preeminent role of the cellular network which is deregulated in cancer. Our structure‐based review and outlook updates the traditional Mechanism of Action, informs decisions, and calls attention to the intrinsic activation mechanism of the target protein and the rewired tumor‐specific network, ushering innovative considerations in precision medicine.
Forensic advisors: The missing link
Authors: Bitzer Sonja , Miranda Michelle D. , Bucht Rebecca E.
Published: October 2021

In this paper we advocate for the re‐establishment of the generalist role in forensic science systems in the form of a forensic advisor. The generalist can be defined as an individual possessing a broad scientific knowledge base coupled with comprehensive knowledge of forensic science, criminalistics, traces, crime scene and criminal investigations. The forensic advisor's role is that of a collaborative, non‐competitive effort intended to provide scientific consultation with the myriad actors in the investigative process to advance justice and aid in crime prevention efforts. The generalist forensic scientist, in the role of forensic advisor, helps bridge gaps and break down silos by facilitating communication between actors and overseeing the potential contribution of traces in investigatory efforts. The purposes of this paper are to address the current status of forensic advisors within existing organisational frameworks; to propose roles and responsibilities of the forensic advisor; to delineate the key attributes of the forensic advisor; and to present challenges to implementing this advisor role within a jurisdiction. In developing the roles and responsibilities of the forensic advisor, we examine front‐end, midpoint and back‐end stages of an investigation. Despite organizational challenges explored in this article, the introduction of forensic advisors can serve to diversify the contribution of forensic science and improve the efficiency of the delivery of forensic science services.

This article is categorized under:

Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Examination

Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence

Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Complex Langevin dynamics and supersymmetric quantum mechanics
Authors: Joseph Anosh , Kumar Arpith
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Using complex Langevin method we probe the possibility of dynamical supersymmetry breaking in supersymmetric quantum mechanics models with complex actions. The models we consider are invariant under the combined operation of parity and time reversal, in addition to supersymmetry. When actions are complex traditional Monte Carlo methods based on importance sampling fail. Models with dynamically broken supersymmetry can exhibit sign problem due to the vanishing of the partition function. Complex Langevin method can successfully evade the sign problem. Our simulations suggest that complex Langevin method can reliably predict the absence or presence of dynamical supersymmetry breaking in these one-dimensional models with complex actions.
Illuminating entanglement shadows of BTZ black holes by a generalized entanglement measure
Authors: Gerbershagen Marius
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We define a generalized entanglement measure in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Compared to the ordinary entanglement entropy for a spatial subregion dual to the area of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface, we take into account both entanglement between spatial degrees of freedom as well as between different fields of the boundary theory. Moreover, we resolve the contribution to the entanglement entropy of strings with different winding numbers in the bulk geometry. We then calculate this generalized entanglement measure in a thermal state dual to the BTZ black hole in the setting of the D1/D5 system at and close to the orbifold point. We find that the entanglement entropy defined in this way is dual to the length of a geodesic with non-zero winding number. Such geodesics probe the entire bulk geometry, including the entanglement shadow up to the horizon in the one-sided black hole as well as the wormhole growth in the case of a two-sided black hole for an arbitrarily long time. Therefore, we propose that the entanglement structure of the boundary state is enough to reconstruct asymptotically AdS3 geometries up to extremal surface barriers.