bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding needs and barriers to using geospatial tools for public health policymaking in China
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Zhang Yingyuan , Lee Chang Kil
Published: July 2018

Despite growing popularity of using geographical information systems and geospatial tools in public health fields, these tools are only rarely implemented in health policy management in China. This study examines the barriers that could prevent policy-makers from applying such tools to actual managerial processes related to public health problems that could be assisted by such approaches, e.g. evidence-based policy-making. A questionnaire-based survey of 127 health-related experts and other stakeholders in China revealed that there is a consensus on the needs and demands for the use of geospatial tools, which shows that there is a more unified opinion on the matter than so far reported. Respondents pointed to lack of communication and collaboration among stakeholders as the most significant barrier to the implementation of geospatial tools. Comparison of survey results to those emanating from a similar study in Bangladesh revealed different priorities concerning the use of geospatial tools between the two countries. In addition, the follow-up in-depth interviews highlighted the political culture specific to China as a critical barrier to adopting new tools in policy development. Other barriers included concerns over the limited awareness of the availability of advanced geospatial tools. Taken together, these findings can facilitate a better understanding among policy-makers and practitioners of the challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption and implementation of a geospatial approach to public health policy-making in China.
Prevalence of hypertension in Thailand: Hotspot clustering detected by spatial analysis
Authors: Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Puttanapong Nattapong , Singsalasang Atthawit
Published: July 2018

Spatial pattern detection can be a useful tool for understanding the geographical distribution of hypertension (HT). The aim of this study was to apply the technique of local indicators of spatial association statistics to examine the spatial patterns of HT in the 76 provinces of Thailand. Previous studies have demonstrated that socioeconomic status (SES), economic growth, population density and urbanization have effects on the occurrence of disease. Research has suggested that night-time light (NTL) can be used as a proxy for a number of variables, including urbanization, density, economic growth and SES. To date, there has not been any study on spatial patterns of HT and there is no information on how NTL might correlate with HT. Therefore, this study has investigated NTL as a parameter for detection of hotspots of HT in Thailand. It was found that HT clusters occurred in Bangkok and in metropolitan areas. In addition, significantly low-rate clusters were seen in some provinces in the Northeast and also in southern provinces. These findings should facilitate control and prevention of HT and, therefore, serve as support for researchers, decision-makers, academics and public health officials to propose more sound and effective strategies for the control of HT in Thailand and elsewhere.
Geographic access to radiation therapy facilities and disparities of early-stage breast cancer treatment
Authors: Lin Yan , Wimberly Michael C. , Da Rosa Patricia , Hoover Joseph , Athas William F.
Published: July 2018

Few studies of breast cancer treatment have focused on the Northern Plains of the United States, an area with a high mastectomy rate. This study examined the association between geographic access to radiation therapy facilities and receipt of breast cancer treatments among early-stage breast cancer patients in South Dakota. Based on 4,209 early-stage breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2012 in South Dakota, the study measured geographic proximity to radiation therapy facilities using the shortest travel time for patients to the closest radiation therapy facility. Two-level logistic regression models were used to estimate for early stage cases i) the odds of mastectomy versus breast conserving surgery (BCS); ii) the odds of not receiving radiation therapy after BCS versus receiving follow-up radiation therapy. Covariates included race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, tumour grade, tumour sequence, year of diagnosis, census tract-level poverty rate and urban/rural residence. The spatial scan statistic method was used to identify geographic areas with significantly higher likelihood of experiencing mastectomy. The study found that geographic accessibility to radiation therapy facilities was negatively associated with the likelihood of receiving mastectomy after adjustment for other covariates, but not associated with radiation therapy use among patients receiving BCS. Compared with patients travelling less than 30 minutes to a radiation therapy facility, patients travelling more than 90 minutes were about 1.5 times more likely to receive mastectomy (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.11) and patients travelling more than 120 minutes were 1.7 times more likely to receive mastectomy (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-2.42). The study also identified a statistically significant cluster of patients receiving mastectomy who were located in south-eastern South Dakota, after adjustment for other factors. Because geographic proximity to treatment facilities plays an important role on the treatment for early-stage breast cancer patients, this study has important implications for developing targeted intervention to reduce disparities in breast cancer treatment in South Dakota.
Report-back for geo-referenced environmental data: A case study on personal monitoring of temperature in outdoor workers
Authors: Thompson Laura , Sugg Maggie , Runkle Jennifer
Published: July 2018

Few studies have evaluated the benefits of reporting back participatory environmental monitoring results, particularly regarding participant motivation toward behavioural modification concerning workplace heat exposure. This study evaluated the individual data report-back for geo-located environmental temperature and time activity patterns in grounds maintenance crews in three geographic regions across the South-eastern United States. Surveys collected information on worker interpretation of their results and intended action(s) to reduce heat exposure. Worker response was highly positive, especially among more experienced workers who expressed a greater willingness to modify personal behaviour to reduce heat stress. Individual-level report-back of environmental data is a powerful tool for individuals to understand and act on their personal exposure to heat.
Urban environmental clustering to assess the spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites
Authors: Albrieu-Llinás Guillermo , Espinosa Manuel O. , Quaglia Agustín , Abril Marcelo , Scavuzzo Carlos Marcelo
Published: July 2018

The identification of Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the rational design of control strategies against this disease vector. Remote sensing and geographic information systems offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability of a given area. However, predicting species occurrences by means of probability distribution maps based on transversal entomological surveys has limited utility for local authorities. The aim of the present study was to carefully examine the temporal evolution of the number of houses infested with immature stages of Ae. aegypti in each individual neighbourhood and to explore the value of producing environmental clusters generated with information provided by remotely sensed variables to explain the observed differential temporal behaviour. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2011 and 2013 throughout a small town in Argentina registering the number of houses with containers harbouring immature stages of Ae. aegypti. A SPOT 5 satellite image was used to obtain land cover variables, which were subsequently submitted to k-means partitioning for grouping neighbourhoods into four environmental clusters. Finally, a generalized linear model was fitted showing that the number of houses found to be positive for Ae. aegypti was jointly affected by the interaction between environmental clusters and the year of sampling. Moreover, the number of positive houses in one of the clusters was 9.5 times higher (P<0.005, SE=0.37) in 2013 than in 2012, but we did not observe any other statistically significant increases.
Spatial heterogeneity of quality, use and spending on medicare for the elderly
Authors: De Mello-Sampayo Felipa
Published: July 2018

The spatial variation of the relations between Medicare spending (MS), use and quality in the United States was investigated employing spatial regression. A focus of the study was whether, and to what extent, MS and use vary by service type. Employing different spatial regression designs based on Medicare regional data, the impact of the heterogeneous spatial effects of hospital readmissions on MS for the elderly at the aggregate level was examined. The results were followed up by investigation whether the effects of hospital readmissions are heterogeneous with regard to service type. It was found that poor quality indicators lead to increased MS at the aggregate level and thus higher costs per beneficiary, and that the quality effects are heterogeneous with variable impacts, both spatially and by type of medical service. The results shed new light on the relationship between quality and MS highlighting the pitfalls of global averaging models that hide the reality of a highly diversified and spatially stratified country. Reducing payments to high-spending areas and increasing payments to low-spending areas should reduce spending variability but the quality indicators of care become ambiguous and not easy to interpret.
The role of the social community networks in the care of chronic wounds
Authors: Lo Castro Isabella
Published: July 2018

The aim of this article is to suggest a multidisciplinary approach to the clinical practice of treating patients with chronic wounds (CW). It will take into consideration and further investigate the relational and community dimensions of patients and his/her caregivers, as these affect the very quality of life and healing process. Scientific literature and clinical experience underline that taking family, friend, professional and community networks of patients into consideration may represent either a strengthening or weakening factor that improves/undermines the improvement of the patients’ psychological and physical conditions. Based on some of well-known reference, a systemic-relational interpretation has been applied to the Chronic Care Model used on patients with CW; in particular, Carlos Sluzki’s theoretical and operational concept based on the idea of social network was used. Approaching clinical practice by considering the patients’ psychosocial and community aspects and their social network has positive effects on the quality of life and leverages the healing process, also through therapeutic and intervention choices of the caring team that encourage compliance.
Screening the church: A study of clergy representation in contemporary Afrikaans cinema
Authors: Joynt Shaun , Broodryk Chris
Published: July 2018

The church-funded CARFO or KARFO (Afrikaans Christian Filmmaking Organisation) was established in 1947, and aimed to ‘[socialise] the newly urbanized Afrikaner into a Christian urban society’ (Tomaselli 1985:25; Paleker 2009:45). This initiative was supported and sustained by the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), which had itself been part of the sociopolitical and ideological fabric of Afrikaans religious life for a while and would guide Afrikaners through tensions between religious conservatism and liberalism and into apartheid. Given Afrikaans cinema’s ties with Christian religious and political conservatism, we explore the role – even the centrality – of the Afrikaans church in cultural activity before 1994, and then after 1994. Here, Afrikaans church is an inclusive term that brings together various denominations of Afrikaans-speaking churches, but which mainly suggests the domination of the DRC. After establishing the role of the Afrikaans church in the way described above, we move towards the primary focus of our study: exploring the representation of clergy in the contemporary Afrikaans film Faan se Trein in order to describe certain theological implications of this representation. With reference to Faan se Trein, our article notes and comments on the shifts that have occurred in clergy representation in Afrikaans cinema over the past decades. Osmer’s four tasks of practical theology, namely, descriptive, interpretive, normative and strategic are used for theological reflection. With due contextual reference to Afrikaans film dramas such as Broer Matie [Brother Matie], Saak van Geloof [A Matter of Faith], Roepman [Stargazer], Stilte [Silence], Suiderkruis [Southern Cross] and Faan se Trein, we arrive at some preliminary conclusions about the representation of clergy in mainly contemporary Afrikaans cinema.
Statues, symbols and signages: Monuments towards socio-political divisions, dominance and patriotism?
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T.
Published: July 2018

The focus of this article is on monuments variously referred to as statues, symbols, signages, busts, icons etc. The words are used interchangeably. Three words are highlighted to represent a common concept. These are statues, symbols and signages. The South African history with its painful experience of the indigenous inhabitants is highlighted and how symbols had to change in 1994 to represent the aspirations of the new democratic dispensation. Biblical reflections on monuments demonstrate the importance of these symbols during the Old and the New Testament times. The two symbols singled out to reinforce this notion are the Holy Communion and the cross. The significance and potency of the monuments is explained and conclusion drawn is that symbols are valuable for didactive purpose because they serve as teaching aids. They also serve the memory for generations to come so that they know how God’s faithfulness has been demonstrated in the national history of Israel, therefore serving missiological function of the church today.
Challenges and opportunities for monitoring wild Nile crocodiles with scute mark-recapture photography
Authors: Coetzee Bernard W.T. , Ferreira Sam M. , Maciejewski Kristine
Published: July 2018

The global conservation status of Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) was last assessed in 1996. The species presents particular difficulty in monitoring because it can be cryptic, require expertise to handle, and caudal tail tags and transmitters are often lost. Some studies advocate mark-recapture techniques based on photograph identification of the unique scute markings of crocodile tails as a non-invasive means of monitoring their populations. Researchers developed this method with crocodiles in captivity. In this study, we test the technique under field conditions by monitoring crocodiles from 2015 to 2017 in the Sunset Dam in the Kruger National Park. Using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population model, we found that the dam may host 15–30 individuals, but that there is a high turnover of individuals and much uncertainty in model outputs. The dam’s population thus has high rates of immigration and emigration. The method proved challenging under field conditions, as there was bias in identifying scute markings consistently. The efficient use of the method requires an exceptional quality of photographic equipment. Animal crypsis, however, remains an issue. In this study, we discuss how to improve the mark-recapture photography methodology, especially to adapt the technique for citizen science initiatives.Conservation implications: Using scute mark-recapture photography presents challenges under field conditions. These challenges require innovative, practical and analytical solutions to successfully use the technique before monitoring programmes, aimed at ensuring the persistence of crocodiles in the wild, can be implemented.
Srečko Kosovel and Rabindranath Tagore: Points of Departure and Identification
Authors: Jelnikar Ana
Published: July 2018

In this paper I explore some of the connections the Slovene poet Srečko Kosovel (1904–1926) surmised between himself and the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941). I argue that what linked the two poets into a joint framework across the vastly different cultural and politico-geographic space was not just the fact that Kosovel read Tagore and took inspiration from the Bengali poet at the height of Tagore’s reputation in continental Europe, but that they shared a number of preoccupations, informed by their respective historical positioning. Both wrote from a profound awareness of their region’s subjugated status and endorsed an anti-imperialist stance that rejected nationalism as a viable means of liberation, embracing instead a creative universalist ideal.
Using a Poet’s Archive to Write the History of a University: Rabindranath Tagore and Visva-Bharati
Authors: Das Gupta Uma
Published: July 2018

The poet Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was the founder of an institution that we know today as Visva-Bharati University at Santiniketan in rural southern Bengal. The making of this institution was central to his concerns to the end of his life. He offered it as an alternative to the colonial system of education then prevailing in India. Starting it as an experimental school in 1901 he added an international university and an institute of rural reconstruction in 1921–1922. It was an education to bring city and village together by combining traditional knowledge with scientific experimentation. This endeavour is a relatively unexplored dimension of Tagore’s biography. In this presentation I shall examine how the making of this institution was a source of dialectical tension in Tagore’s life, and how he engaged with this tension in thought and action.
Teoretski diskurzi tradicionalnega evroameriškega in tradicionalnega kitajskega zgodovinopisja
Authors: Šuler Marija
Published: July 2018

Članek sodi na področje primerjalnega zgodovinopisja in obravnava problematiko kulturne in v ožjem smislu ideološke pogojenosti vsebinskih iztočnic, diskurzivnih struktur in temeljnih konceptov zgodovinopisja na primeru evroameriške in kitajske historiografske tradicije. Zahodni izobraženci so znanstveno naravnani že od časa starih Grkov dalje, zahodna kulturna zgodovina pa vseskozi poudarja pomen opazovanja in objektivnega prikazovanja, kar se da razložiti z edinstveno zgodovino znanosti na področjih logike, matematike, biologije, fizike, itd. V nasprotju z njimi je kitajska tradicija vseskozi uporabljala moralno izražanje in literarno-simbolne principe, kar je vplivalo tudi na njihovo zgodovinopisje, ki je s svojimi klasičnimi deli poudarjalo predvsem moralno-ideološke vsebine. Ta kitajski moralni pragmatizem, če ga lahko tako poimenujemo, je v ostrem nasprotju z znanstveno tendenco, ki izvira iz zahodne tradicije, česar se vse bolj zavedajo tudi sami kitajski akademiki.
Sodobni islamski preporod na Kitajskem: stari vzorci, novi trendi
Authors: Veselič Maja
Published: July 2018

Članek obravnava nekatere najpomebnejše pojave, ki zaznamujejo sodobni islamski preporod med pripadniki kitajske etnoreligiozne manjšine Hui – reforme verskega izobraževanja, študij v mednarodnih islamskih izobraževalnih središčih, razcvet verskega tiska in visok porast romarjev v Meko. Sodobno dogajanje umesti v kontekst razvoja islama na Kitajskem od prihoda prvih muslimanov v 7. stoletju do danes. Avtorica meni, da je današnji preporod v veliki meri nadaljevanje islamskih reformističnih prizadevanj, ki so potekala v republikanskem času vzporedno s projektoma modernizacije Kitajske in konstrukcije kitajske nacije, a so jih grobo prekinile različne politične kampanje prvih desetletij Ljudske republike Kitajske.
Estetizacija ideologije: rekonstrukcija sodobne kitajske umetnosti in kulture
Authors: Sernelj Tea
Published: July 2018

Obdobje, ki se je pričelo vzporedno z aktivnim odpiranjem Kitajske navzven in z ekonomsko liberalizacijo v notranjosti države, lahko označimo kot obdobje sodobne refleksije kitajske idejne tradicije in hkratne kritične evalvacije najvplivnejših struj tujih miselnosti. Le-ta se kažejo tudi na področju, kjer se snujejo zametki aktualnih ideologij. Članek poskuša v tem kontekstu osvetliti ideološko in družbeno funkcijo umetnosti in kulture. V tem okviru je estetika po eni strani služila kot latentni upor proti v družbi prevladujočemu pragmatizmu in kot manifestno zavzemanje za lepoto, oziroma kot vrsta čustvene emancipacije, po drugi pa kot diskurz, ki je bil na Kitajskem vseskozi tesno povezan s politiko ter z možnostjo reinterpretacije oziroma nadgradnje marksističnih teorij.
The Significance of Symbolic Elements in Lu Xun’s Short Stories
Authors: Ilgo Tina
Published: July 2018

The present article interprets the symbolic elements in Lu Xun’s short stories which have been neglected in earlier studies about Lu Xun. I intend to show that the most obvious symbols in his fiction, like the iron room, the cannibalism, etc., have their counter balance in the animal symbols present in his work. Following this idea, I will focus on his less famous stories, such as A Comedy of Ducks and Some Rabbits and a Cat.
The Encounter Britain-India: An Example of Adjustment to Imperialism
Authors: Diallo Mahamadou
Published: July 2018

When Britain undertook to colonize India, it was quick to realize that it was faced with quite a special case in its history as a colonizing power: the subcontinent was the cradle of an ancient and highly complex civilization, which made it all the more difficult to administer, especially in the specific domains of politics and market economy. This short study aims to look into the various ways in which the necessary adjustment to the new situation was achieved – not only by the conquered, but also by the conqueror.
Should the History of Chinese Mathematics be Rewritten?
Authors: Ma Li
Published: July 2018

More than one and a half decades have elapsed since the Zhangjiashan archaeological findings showed excitingly that a new collection of mathematical texts on bamboo strips were excavated, dating earlier than the then earliest known and most influential Chinese mathematical classic Jiu Zhang Suan Shu. Now that the contents of the findings have finally been made available to the world outside of the group of archaeologists involved, should the history of Chinese mathematics be rewritten? After comparing the new material with the Jiu Zhang Suan Shu I believe that the place of the Jiu Zhang Suan Shu remains an irreplaceable cornerstone in the history of Chinese mathematics; however, the Jiu Zhang Suan Shu can no longer be seen as the earliest sources for the mathematical knowledge therein.
New Investigations in the School of Names
Authors: Wang Zuoli
Published: July 2018

Studies of names and argumentation from the pre-Qin period represent a precious inheritance left behind by ancient Chinese thinkers. As one of the schools from the pre-Qin period, nomenalism made a great contribution to the study of names. Modern research on nomenalism has been greatly affected by the Han Dynasty historians. However, their introduction to the school is vague. In respect to nomenalism, there are some unsolved problems that still need to be clarified and have not been noticed by many scholars. The present thesis analyses the characteristics and functions of nomenalism; it discusses the relations between nomenalists and sophists and epitomises their contributions to the study of names.
The Ideological Foundations of Taiwanese Modernity: Mou Zongsan’s New Moral Philosophy
Authors: Rošker Jana
Published: July 2018

In order to understand the social, political and intellectual process of Chinese modernization, it is necessary to evaluate their ideological foundations and to thus become able to place it in the suitable political context. Chinese philosophy of the first half of the 20th century was still determined by the conditions of the decline of the pre-modern era. The present article aims to explore and to introduce the rise and growth of Modern Confucianism, as well as some crucial philosophical elaborations in the field of the new moral philosophy, developed by the most well-known exponent of its so-called 2nd generation, Mou Zongsan.
德國商船在北海的經營與勞力運輸/German Trade and the Transportation of Coolies at Pakhoi
Authors: LEE Chinyun
Published: July 2018

摘要本文探討德國海洋商業勢力在中國北海的發展，以及如何與帝國主義事業結合：德國商人除了在北海從事國際貿易外，也把中國勞工運輸到各國殖民地上工作，包括種植經濟作物，挖礦及鋪設鐵路。在這個過程中，中國的苦力及政府學會了交涉，為自己爭取最大利益。關鍵字：德里、種植園、苦力貿易、坦桑尼亞、殖民地The purpose of this article is to discuss the extension of German imperial maritime power into Pahkoi, China. In addition to their engagement with international trade there, German merchants transported Chinese laborers from Pahkoi to colonies around the world to work planting tropical crops, mining and paving railroads. Chinese coolies and the Chinese government took the opportunity to learn negotiation skills, and thereby maximized their profits.
論戴震 (1723–1777) 之考證哲學及其反思/On Dai Zhen’s (1723–1777) Philosophy of Evidential Research and Its Reflection
Authors: LEE Jer-shiarn
Published: July 2018

摘要清代乾嘉時期之學風係以考證知名。之所以如此，主要由於乾嘉學者不滿宋、明學者以哲學思辯之方式研究儒學典籍，而未能把握原始儒學之真貌，故轉而以考證之方式來研究儒家之原典，其目的在於欲恢復原始儒學之真貌。在乾嘉時期，戴震雖被視為最重要之考證學者之一，然戴氏為學之旨趣，實超出考證學之外，而欲以之作為彰顯儒學原貌之方法學。戴氏明言，其為學之方法乃是一語言學或訓詁之方法，亦即欲以訓詁之方法來研究哲學之問題，以之作為彰顯原始儒學真相之最佳方法，並由此建立其考證哲學，其目的即欲以本身之哲學來取代宋、明理學。依此，本文旨在探究戴震在重建原始儒學之努力，並針對戴氏之考證哲學作一反思，以明其價值及限制。關鍵詞：考證學、復古主義、理學、漢學、考證哲學Dai Zhen was known as a leading proponent of the evidential research (kaozheng) school during the Qian Jia Era. However, he regarded kaozheng as primarily a means of revealing the truth. Moreover, he was regarded as a philosopher rather than as merely a kaozheng, or textual, scholar. In this respect, his philosophical writings reflect an attempt to substitute his own philosophy for the Song Philosophy of Principle (lixue). Dai Zhen’s philosophical writings indicate the impact philology had on philosophical issues. The methodology Dai Zhen adopted was essentially linguistic, that is, xungu (etymology, lit., “glossing”). The merit of this methodology was that it would trace back the original meanings of key terms in the Classics, and this in turn, would benefit the understanding of the Confucian tradition. The aim of this paper is to explore Dai Zhen’s attempt to reconstruct the Confucian tradition, and to assess his philosophy of evidential research in order to manifest its value and limitation.
Introduction
Authors: Rošker Jana S.
Published: July 2018

The present issue of our academic journal, Asian and African Studies, represents one of the many results of such cooperation. The authors are internationally established and well-known Taiwanese scholars with whom the Department of Asian and African Studies has been collaborating in the areas of social studies and humanities for several years. The articles in this volume are published in Chinese, because it is our firm belief that sinological research cannot remain limited to sources in Western languages. The volume not only represents a bridge which links Slovenian and international sinologists to Taiwanese scholarship; it also provides an opportunity for direct insight into the original sources, defining this discourse. Such a decision of the editorial board is based on the conviction that the incorporation of material in native language into any intercultural research framework provides a more objective, and at the same time, hermeneutically more proper understanding of the complex problems under investigation.
王弼《老子注》的詮釋辨證/ Interpretative Dialectics of Wang Bi’s Exegesis of Lao-Tzu
Authors: TSAI Jung-Tao
Published: July 2018

王弼是魏晉玄學最重要的思想家，也是中國哲學史上不世出的天才，他以二十四 歲英年早逝，卻無礙於他的哲學成就：《周易注》被收入十三經注疏，《老子注》 則成為通行本，影響後世深遠。歷來詮釋王弼思想的成果豐碩，精彩論點令人目 不暇給，對於王弼思想的關注不限於華人社會，近期在中國出版，德國當代著名 漢學家瓦格納 (Rudolf G. Wagner) 《王弼《老子注》研究》就是海外漢學家長期關 注王弼哲學的成果。本文針對海峽兩岸研究王弼卓然有成的林麗真、余敦康，以 及歐陸的瓦格納等三人的王弼《老子注》的研究成果，歸納其進路、觀點，以及 重大創穫。林麗真聚焦於王弼玄理的闡發，余敦康則提出通貫哲學與政治整體觀， 著重王弼玄學的現實關懷，瓦格納則從語言哲學入手，提出「鍊體風格」的詮釋 策略，豐富文本的內涵。台灣、大陸與歐洲學者對王弼的詮釋有共識，也有殊異， 這樣的參照比較，不僅可以相互攻錯，擴大學術視野，也能進一步深化王弼思想、 魏晉玄學的研究，極富學術意義。Wang Bi, the most prominent scholar of metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, was an unprecedented genius throughout the history of Chinese philosophy. In this article, the author examines the brilliant contributions made by Lin Li Zhen, Yu Dun Kang and Rudolf G. Wagner, who are noticed for their research of Exegesis of Lao-Tzu. It is a synthesis of the directions of investigation, approaches, and significant findings they have come up with. Among the three interpretations, Lin focuses on the explanation of Wang’s metaphysic thinking while Yu emphasizes Wang’s secular concerns by proposing the “philosophy of thoroughness” and political holism. As for Wagner, he approaches this work with the views of linguistic philosophy and suggests refined stylistics as interpretative strategy, which functions to enrich the textual contents.
平生足悲吒----論韓愈詩的憂憤悲懷/The Sadness of Life-Han Yu's Poetry of Grief and Sorrow
Authors: LIN Ming-chang
Published: July 2018

摘要本文從悲苦憂懼的角度重新詮釋韓愈的詩作與人生，以「老病之懼」、「飢寒之憂」、「喪生之畏」三項主題為核心，解析韓愈藉詩抒發對生命老化、漂泊與死亡的深深恐懼。本文是學界至今為止極少數探討韓愈文學此一面向的研究。關鍵詞：韓愈詩、諧謔、以文為詩、以文為戲 This paper is a study of the element of melancholy apprehension in Han Yu’s poetry. Han’s apprehension of melancholy, which up to now has received very little attention, is discussed in three aspects: (1) the fear of old age and sickness, (2) the fear of hunger and cold, and (3) the fear of death. Against the background of Han Yu’s unstable and uncertain life and career, the new reading and analysis show that melancholy lies at the very heart of his personality and writing.
Chinese Anti-Western Nationalism, 2000-2010
Authors: XU Guangqiu
Published: July 2018

Anti-Western sentiments among the Chinese in the first years of the 21st century, not the first global surge in recent years, reached a high in 2008. One could ask how and why those sentiments developed when the Western states claimed to present no threat to China at the turn of the 21st century. The subject of Chinese nationalism have aroused increasing academic interest, and many books and articles have been published, but Chinese anti-Western nationalism in the first years of the new century has not yet become the object of adequate scholarly scrutiny. This article will trace the source of Chinese nationalism and examine the formation of such anti-Western sentiments among the Chinese people from 2000 to 2010.
Baudelaire’s Influence on Duo Duo’s Poetry through Chen Jingrong, a Chinese Woman Poet Translating from French
Authors: TAMBURELLO Giusi
Published: July 2018

As a woman poet, Chen Jingrong’s productions encompassed the whole 20th century: of particular interest are her poetry translations from the French language. Thanks to her translation work, valuable understanding of Charles Baudelaire’s poetry was made available in China, which influenced the Chinese contemporary poet, Duo Duo, when he first started writing poetry during his youth. This paper tries to depict the importance of this contribution of Chen Jingrong and its effect on the process of renovation of the contemporary poetic scene in China.
Yan Jun: od pesnika do zvočnega umetnika
Authors: URBANIJA Matic
Published: July 2018

Namen pričujočega članka je raziskati umetniški razvoj vidnega predstavnika glasbene eksperimentalne scene v Pekingu, Yan Juna, ki ga lahko razumemo le skozi pogled na njegovo predhodno življenje, preden je postal zvočni umetnik. Članek postavlja v ospredje tudi njegove etične principe, ki so vodilni v vseh njegovih prizadevanjih. Ekperimentalna glasbena scena na Kitajskem je iz znanstvenega vidika neraziskana in raziskovalcev tega področja skoraj ni, zato sta primarna vira informacij dva intervjuja z Yan Junom decembra 2010 in maja 2011.
Poetic Deception: The Ujigawa Senjin Episode Between Court and Warrior Traditions
Authors: EISENSTEIN Naama
Published: July 2018

The story of Kajiwara Kagesue and Sasaki Takatsuna’s race across the River Uji is one of the most commonly depicted episodes from the Heike monogatari. During the Tokugawa period this tale of deception and wit was presented in a wide variety of formats, yet the context in which these art works were made differed greatly from the original twelfth-century setting of the story. This article examines how the meaning of the Ujigawa senjin episode changed over time and suggests that its immense popularity in Tokugawa imagery was based more on its ability to fit with poetic associations than its content as a war story.
Pure Spirits: Imperial Japanese Justice and Right-Wing Terrorists, 1878–1936
Authors: ORBACH Danny
Published: July 2018

Why was the legal system in 1930s Japan so friendly to right-wing offenders, even when they tried to assassinate leading statesmen and generals? The answer is intertwined with a cultural narrative defined here as “subjectivism”, that assigned vital importance to a criminal’s subjective state of mind when evaluating his or her transgressions. Though influenced by Western thought, this narrative was indigenous to Japan. It originated in the late Edo period, shortly prior to the establishment of the Meiji State in 1868, under specific historical circumstances and was later reinforced by the policy of the early Meiji State. Consequently, it pervaded education, politics and popular discourse alike, in the civilian sphere and even more so in the army. Until the early 1920s, this trend had a relatively modest influence on the Japanese justice system. It then began to gain traction in military courts dealing with political crimes of army personnel. From 1932 it influenced civilian courts as well, though civilian judges were relatively more reluctant to accept it than their military peers. After a peak in the mid-1930s, it again receded into the background, following the abortive coup d’état of February 26, 1936.
Role of the Sword Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi in the Origin of the Japanese Bushidō Tradition
Authors: CHRISTIANSON G. Björn , VILENIUS Mikko , SEKI Humitake
Published: July 2018

One of the formative narratives in Japanese martial arts is the bestowal of the mystical sword “Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi”  upon Emperor Jinmu, the legendary founder of Japan.  Within the Kashima Shinden Bujutsu lineage, this bestowal is attested as a critical event in the initiation of the principles of Bushidō martiality.  However, the practical reasons for its significance has been unclear.  Drawing on historical and archaeological records, in this paper we hypothesise that the physical conformation of the legendary sword Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi represented a comparatively incremental progression from the one-handed short swords imported from mainland Asia.  These modifications, however, allowed for a new, two-handed style of swordsmanship, and therefore it was the combination of the physical conformation of Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi and the development of appropriate techniques for wielding it that formed the basis of the martial significance of the “Law of Futsu-no-mitama”.  Drawing on various traditions and records linking Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi to the Kashima Grand Shrine, we also argue that this new tradition of swordsmanship was the nucleus around which the Kashima Shinden Bujutsu lineage would develop, and therefore represented a critical first step towards the later concepts of Bushidō.   Based on the kabala of the Kashima Shinryū, we also present a working model of what the techniques for usage of Futsunomitama-no-tsurugi might have been, and provide an account of an experiment testing its application.
Proto-historic Background of Martial Arts Schools in Eastern Japan
Authors: KAWASHIMA Takamune
Published: July 2018

Kashima city is best known for having the oldest martial arts schools in Japan. While some of its martial arts schools, such as the Kashima Shinryū, were officially established in the latter half of the medieval period, there was already a long tradition of martial arts in Kashima region since the Kofun period (the fourth to the seventh centuries AD). This paper focuses on archaeological remains and the landscape around the Kashima Grand Shrine, to clarify the significance and influence of the Kashima Grand Shrine in managing the eastern part of the territory of ancient Japan. This paper examines some characteristics of the region, such as its coastal location that enabled the transportation of materials and soldiers. Another specific aspect of the place could be the advanced metal production evident in the giant sword of the Kashima Grand Shrine made in the early ancient period. Ancient workshops for metallurgy were found at the former local government office in Hitachi-no-kuni, the area of today’s Ibaraki Prefecture. It thus seems no coincidence that Kashima was chosen as a kind of military base. The archaeological findings that have been made in this location provide many reasons why the lineages of various martial arts schools, including the Kashima Shinryū, derived from this city, which led to the formation of later bushi groups in the medieval period of eastern Japan.
Sydney's Transport
Authors: Wotherspoon Garry
Published: July 2018

Over its history, Sydney transport has moved from purely human-powered, through water-based transport, horse-powered transport, railways, trams, buses and cars. The compromises that created Sydney’s transport network had to take into account the restrictions of physical geography, the changing economic and social needs of the population, the limitations of technology, ideas about funding and ownership, and political feasibility or expediency.
The Latvians in Sydney
Authors: Crawford Robert
Published: July 2018

People of various ethnic backgrounds who left the regions that comprise modern-day Latvia have long been in Sydney. The two major inflows of ethnic Latvians into Sydney occurred in the aftermath of the 1905 revolution in Tsarist Russia and then in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The organisation and activities of Latvians in Sydney reflect the changing nature of the local community as well as Latvia’s changing political situation.
The Maltese in Sydney
Authors: Caruana Mark
Published: July 2018

Emigration has long acted as a safety valve for the overpopulated island-fortress of Malta. Consequently, the Maltese diaspora has expanded to lands far beyond the island’s Mediterranean shores.Before Malta became an industrialised, economically viable and independent nation in the mid- 1960s, it could not sustain its high level of population, due to limited land space, a high birth rate and no natural resources. Its main assets were its people – their skills, ingenuity, willingness to work hard, and thriftiness – qualities which emigrants quickly put to good use on arrival in Australia and elsewhere.Today, many believe that Australians of Maltese birth and descent exceed the number of Maltese in the Maltese Islands themselves. The 2006 census for Maltese by ancestry in NSW stood at 61,528, of whom 49,169, or 80 per cent, reside in metropolitan Sydney. Today, among the top 30 languages spoken in NSW, Maltese ranks as the 16th. Second- and third-generation Australian Maltese are three times as numerous as the Malta-born population.
The English in Sydney
Authors: Jupp James
Published: July 2018

The most famous Englishman in Australian history, Captain James Cook, missed the entrance to Sydney Harbour during the night. He and fellow Englishman, Sir Joseph Banks, committed future explorers to the less promising site of Botany Bay.Nearly 20 years later, Sydney was founded by the British government as a penal colony. Although there was an established Aboriginal population, they remained on the periphery and were gradually reduced by disease and displacement, a fate suffered by others further out as exploration and settlement proceeded. In contrast to New York, which was established by the Dutch, or Boston, which became predominantly Irish, Sydney was seen from the beginning as an ‘English’ town. This was despite its growing connections with the Pacific and the presence among its soldiers and convicts of some Scots and many Irishmen. The majority of transported convicts were English, the Church of England was the established religious faith and Catholicism was strictly limited by official control.
The Germans in Sydney
Authors: Tampke Jurgen
Published: July 2018

From the beginning German-speaking people have played a small but significant part in the history of Sydney. In fact the colony’s first governor, Arthur Phillip, was of German–English parentage: his father, a German teacher in London, came from the Hessian town of Frankfurt. Phillip Schaeffer, the Supervisor of the First Fleet, was also of Hessian background, and so was Augustus Alt, the first Surveyor of Lands in New South Wales. Alt played an important part in the design and construction of Sydney during the first ten years. On retirement both men joined the ranks of the colony’s early free settlers.
Housing Sydney
Authors: Darcy Michael
Published: July 2018

Housing processes and products provide an invaluable contribution to understanding the city. The form, location and condition of its dwellings are a key feature of Sydney, reflecting its historical development, household and social structure, economic conditions and response to climate.

Four aspects of Sydney’s housing - type, tenure, cost and location - provide indispensable insights into the city’s social makeup, its economic foundations and cultural identity. Unfortunately, as in most large cities around the world, a proportion of Sydney’s residents are unable to secure housing of any kind.
Auburn
Authors: Kass Terry
Published: July 2018

Auburn, the centre of the municipality of the same name, is in western Sydney on the main western railway line and accessible by Parramatta Road or the M4. It lies on the traditional lands of the Dharug peoples. The original vegetation of the area was open forest, dominated by woolybutt red gums, with grey box, ironbark and stringy bark. The land is slightly undulating, with a minor ridge running south along Park Road and a gradual slope west towards Duck River.
Camden
Authors: Willis Ian
Published: July 2018

Camden is situated on the floodplain of the Nepean River, on the traditional land of the Dharawal people in an area known as the Cowpastures. The town is bordered in the east and north by the Nepean River, in the south by Burragorang road and Camden Bypass and in the west by Matahill Creek. The town area had a population of 3,063 in 2001 and until the 1950s was the hub of a district which took in the rural villages to the west of Camden, including Yerranderie, Burragorang Valley, The Oaks and Oakdale, and to the north, Elderslie and Narellan. Today Camden is being engulfed by the rural-urban fringe of Sydney’s metropolitan area.
Film
Authors: Balint Ruth , Dolgopolov Greg
Published: July 2018

From the beginning of the twentieth century, Sydney defined cosmopolitanism and modernity in the national imagination, and central to this image was the cinema: its technology, its architecture, its stars, its marketing and the stories it circulated to its audiences about Australia and the world. Though it is difficult to define a genre of Sydney film, Sydney provided the backdrop for a host of ideas about the city, and later suburbia. Sydney came to be seen as a ‘tinsel town’ of cultural bankruptcy and hedonism. But distinctive stories about the city itself are rare, except perhaps in the 1930s and 1940s films made by the Commonwealth government for marketing the nation. Migrant film emerged as an important category of cinema from the 1970s, making Sydney central to the understanding and construction of Australian multiculturalism. This essay explores the historic beginnings of cinema in Sydney, the experience of going to the pictures, and a broad spectrum of films. We also examine the role Sydney has played in the production and exhibition of cinema nationally and internationally.
Immigration
Authors: Jupp James
Published: July 2018

Since its foundation Sydney has been the major port of arrival for immigrants to Australia. There have been times when this position was temporarily lost – the gold rush directed arrivals towards Melbourne in the 1850s and mass migration to Queensland took place in the 1880s. Fremantle was the first port of arrival for many ships, and tired passengers often stopped off there and remained in Western Australia. But the dominance of Sydney was finally consolidated from the 1960s when passengers shifted from ships to planes. Increasing numbers of these were tourist arrivals, a phenomenon almost unknown in the days of shipping.
The French in Sydney
Authors: Barko Ivan
Published: July 2018

The French presence in Sydney has always been radically different from that of other ethnic groups. The rich and complex legacy of French–British relations over the best part of a thousand years includes centuries of conflict and of alliance between continental France and what was to become Great Britain. French language and culture have also had a privileged place in the formation of the language and culture of the British Isles. This goes some way towards explaining the unique influence of French people and French culture on the Australian continent in general and on Sydney in particular.
The Scots in Sydney
Authors: Prentis Malcolm
Published: July 2018

Although it is sometimes said of nineteenth century Sydney that it was an English city in contrast with the more Scottish city of Melbourne, people of Scottish origin have played important roles in the development and life of Sydney. They have been there from the very beginning: young Forby Sutherland, one of Captain Cook’s crew in 1770, was the first Briton to be buried in Australia, in a district now bearing his name. Major Robert Ross of the Marines and Captain John Hunter were among several Scots on the first fleet in 1788. Scots formed a small minority of convicts transported (perhaps 5 per cent) and were among the earliest free settlers in the 1790s.
Gladesville
Authors: Farlow Margaret , Phippen Angela
Published: July 2018

Gladesville, situated on the northern banks of the Parramatta River approximately 10 kilometres from the city centre, adjoins the suburbs of Hunters Hill to the northeast, Boronia Park to the north, Ryde to the west and Tennyson Point to the southwest. Gladesville is divided between two local government areas: the City of Ryde (established in 1871) and the Municipality of Hunters Hill (established in 1861).
Religion
Authors: Carey Hilary
Published: July 2018

Religion has had a profound influence on the geography, culture, politics, and artistic life of Sydney. While religion has mostly been a conservative force, preserving traditions transported from home societies, it has also reflected the setting and people of Sydney, its harbour, bushland and suburbs. This article reviews the history of religion in Sydney and the role it has played in the lives of those who have made their home here.
Chippendale
Authors: Fitzgerald Shirley
Published: July 2018

Chippendale is an unpretentious little section of the city, wedged between Central Railway Station and the University of Sydney, extending south from Broadway to Cleveland Street. Much of it is covered with nineteenth-century workers’ terraces and old industrial buildings.Street names such as Wattle, Rose, Pine and Myrtle hint at a different Chippendale. The area was once densely covered in vegetation, with rich alluvial soil and several creeks that discharged into Blackwattle swamp. Fresh water and ready food supplies made this an attractive area for the Gadigal people, and also for the Europeans. Early government gardens were established on the northern edge of Chippendale, and the botanical street names are a reminder that in the 1820s, Thomas Shepherd established a successful commercial nursery here. He experimented with viticulture and prospered by landscaping gardens – though not the gardens of Chippendale. Its inhabitants never had such pretensions.