bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tolerance of Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopy without Sedation: An Experience in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Rowshon AHM , Karim Mohammad Enamul , Rahim Sayeda , Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Rahman Anisur , Malik Md Abdul Muttalib , Islam Md Atiqul , Ahmed Habib
Published: December 2018

Background: Upper and lower GI endoscopy are the most exigent procedure to diagnose various diseases in gastroenterology. Acceptability and tolerability of Endoscopy are variable due to its way of approach to the individuals. Negative attitude towards these procedures can be overcome by proper motivation of patients regarding importance of the tests and also by explaining the additional sideeffects of sedatives, cost and time to spend for tests.Objective: The aim of this study was undertaken to see the attitude, response during procedure, easiness of finding lesions and completeness of these procedures without sedation.Methodology: This was a cross-section study. Samples were collected purposively of whom age were between 13 and 65 of either sex and who underwent Upper and Lower GI procedures in the department of Gastroenterology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical Hospital from January 2016 to October 2016. This study was approved by the Ethical review board of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College.Results: Among 1205 patients, 724 (Upper GI 663 and lower GI 61) patients were male and 481 (Upper GI 433 and lower GI 48) were female. 58.26% patients showed positive attitude towards GI procedures through both upper and lower route. 57.61% male and 46.19% female well tolerated upper GI endoscopy, whereas 37.70% male and 43.75% female tolerated lower GI endoscopy. Procedures were successfully completed in 97.89 % male and 97.22% female patients of UGI and 96.72 male and 85.42% female patients of LGI endoscopy without sedation.Conclusion: Endoscopy of both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract can safely and effectively be done without sedation.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 141-144
Prevalence of virulence genes and their association with biofilm formation in VRE faecium isolates from Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Soltani Saber , Arshadi Maniya , Getso Muhammad Ibrahim , Aminharati Farzaneh , Mahmoudi Mahmood , Pourmand Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Biofilm formation is an important factor in recurrence of infections, facilitating transfer of genetic elements, leading to treatment failures. The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence genes in biofilm producing isolates and to determine possible association between biofilm formation and the presence of these genes; also to determine association between antibiotic susceptibility patterns of VREfm isolates and their biofilm formation ability.
Methodology: A total of 57 isolates of VREfm were recovered from different sources of hospitals under Ahvaz University, Iran. The isolates were examined by conventional microbiological methods and molecular test using PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by disk-diffusion and E-test. The biofilm formation ability of the isolates was investigated by Modified Congo red agar and microtiter plate techniques. The presence of virulence genes was examined using Multiplex-PCR method.
Results: Out of 57 VREfm isolates, 63.15% of isolates were biofilm producers. The frequency of biofilm producing isolates from clinical specimens, colonized patients and environmental sources were 78.26%, 60%, and 42.85%, respectively. The prevalence of acm, esp and hyl genes among biofilm producing isolates was 86.10%, 55.56% and 52.77%, respectively. There was statistically significant association between esp gene and biofilm formation among isolates from the clinical specimens.
Conclusion: Clinical isolates producing biofilms showed a positive association with the presence of the esp. Our study further suggests that the link between virulence genes and biofilms is affected by the environmental context.
In vitro activity of essential oils against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected hip implants
Authors: Amorese Veronica , Donadu Matthew , Usai Donatella , Sanna Angelino , Milia Fabio , Pisanu Francesco , Molicotti Paola , Zanetti Stefania , Doria Carlo
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Essential oils have been used since ancient times and are known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-depressive, antiseptic, antifungal and antimicrobial properties.
Methodology: in this study the antimicrobial activity of two essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia and Thymus vulgaris–red thyme geraniol was tested against 16 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from infected hip implants as well as the “in vitro” cytotoxic activity on normal human Wong-Kilbourne derivative (WKD) cells.
Results: Thymus vulgaris–red thyme geraniol showed lower antimicrobial activity when compared to Melaleuca alternifolia. All tested oils were cytotoxic at concentrations lower than 0.12%.
Conclusion: Increase in drug resistance and lack of new antibiotics may encourage the development of natural treatments together with higher concern on environmental issues and natural lifestyle.
La réception de Habermas en langue française. Entre épines et lauriers
Authors: Aubert Isabelle
Published: December 2018

Diffusés en langue française au début des années 1970 au moment où l’École de Francfort éveille l’intérêt du public francophone, les écrits de Jürgen Habermas ont tout de suite été remarqués, commentés et discutés. Cet article retrace l’histoire de la réception de Habermas en langue française en s’attachant à montrer l’accueil que reçoivent ses principaux ouvrages et prises de position dans les cercles intellectuels francophones. La pensée de Habermas a suscité de nombreux débats, parfois des controverses, en abordant des thèmes qui touchaient au vif la philosophie française centrée sur la postmodernité, le différend ou la mésentente. En plus de restituer les débats qui ont opposé Habermas aux penseurs français de renom (Ricœur, Lyotard, Foucault, Derrida, etc.), on dresse ici un panorama de l’évolution des réactions suscitées par les problématiques majeures de la théorie habermassienne.
La Francophonie et l’avenir du multilatéralisme
Authors: Le Prestre Philippe
Published: December 2018

Quel rôle la Francophonie peut-elle et doit-elle jouer face à la crise du multilatéralisme, et dans quelle mesure cette dernière lui offre-t- elle l’occasion de se redéfinir ? Cet article identifie les défis qu’affronte la Francophonie et les atouts qui la placent en bonne position pour contribuer efficacement à redéfinir la notion de gouvernance multilatérale dans un cadre complexe, pourvu que certaines conditions soient remplies, comme délaisser une Francophonie négative, développer une organisation orchestratrice, stimuler une gouvernance ascendante et transversale, s’imposer comme une source d’idées et d’expériences, encourager l’expérimentation, et se construire une niche institutionnelle.
Uresničevanje dopolnjenega komunikacijskega modela pri obravnavi slovničnih tem v gimnaziji
Authors: Černivec Manca
Published: December 2018

Prispevek poskuša predstaviti, kako poteka v slovenskih gimnazijah jezikovni pouk, natančneje obravnava slovničnih tem. Pri pouku se zaradi obsežnosti književnih vsebin v učnem načrtu in zasnove maturitetnega preverjanja pouk jezika prilagaja pouku književnosti, delež pouka jezika je glede na delež pouka književnosti manjši. Učitelji zaradi časovne ekonomičnosti pri obravnavi slovničnih tem izhajajo iz tradicionalnega modela pouka, ki ga ponekod nadgradijo z elementi dopolnjenega komunikacijskega modela pouka.
Obravnava kratic v prenovljenih pravopisnih pravilih: novosti in spremembe
Authors: Lengar Verovnik Tina
Published: December 2018

Predlog prenovljenih pravopisnih pravil, ki ga pripravlja Pravopisna komisija pri SAZU in ZRC SAZU, vsebuje samostojno poglavje o krajšavah kot izjemno tvornem delu novejše slovenske leksike, znotraj tega pa obsežen in celovitejši del o kraticah, kot je v aktualnem pravopisu. V prispevku problemsko predstavljamo spremembe in novosti glede uporabljene terminologije ter zapisovalnih, slovničnih in skladenjskih lastnosti kratic, ki jih prinaša predlog poglavja.
Modifikationen von Sprichwörtern in kroatischen DaF-Lehrwerken
Authors: Miletić Nikolina
Published: December 2018

Danes se pregovori čedalje pogosteje pojavljajo v modificirani obliki. Takšne, aktualizirane oblike najdemo tudi v učbenikih nemščine kot tujega jezika. V hrvaških učbenikih so bile raziskane modifikacije pregovorov glede na vrsto in funkcijo, da bi opisali njihovo vlogo in vpliv na učenje nemščine kot tujega jezika. Ob tem pa so bili bodoči učitelji nemščine povprašani, ali prepoznajo modifikacije in kako bi jih lahko vključili v učenje tujega jezika.
A Loanword as a Marker of Spatial Movement: The Case of Špancirfest
Authors: Pavić Pintarić Anita , Škifić Sanja
Published: December 2018

V prispevku je analiziran odnos med osnovnimi prostorsko-časovnimi in kulturnimi značilnostmi Špancirfesta, uličnega festivala, ki ga tradicionalno prirejajo v Varaždinu na severozahodu Hrvaške, in besedo, iz katere je izpeljano ime festivala – špancir ‘sprehod’. Prispevek sledi teoretični diskusiji o možnostih raziskovanja različnih tipov prostorov, ki so relevantni za sociolingvistično analizo, s tem pa ponuja pregled uličnih festivalov kot posebnih tipov javnega prostora, pa tudi vpogled v nemški jezikovni vpliv na severu Hrvaške, kar je osnova za analizo besede špancir kot nemške izposojenke. Korpus je sestavljen iz leksemov, povezanih s Špancirfestom, ki jih najdemo v časopisnih člankah iz let 2010–2016. Izvedena raziskava vključuje tudi uporabo vprašalnika med prebivalci Varaždina.
Socialne in funkcijske zvrsti v slovenskem jezikoslovju
Authors: Petek Tomaž
Published: December 2018

Značilnosti socialnih in funkcijskih zvrsti jezika je v slovenskem jezikoslovju (Slovenski slovnici) opredelil Jože Toporišič. Hitre družbene spremembe in spremenjeni pogledi na sporazumevanje v najširšem smislu pa v današnjem času zahtevajo hitro prilagajanje jezika, in to ne glede na funkcijsko ali socialno zvrst, zato v prispevku Toporišičeve opredelitve primerjamo s sodobnejšimi spoznanji nekaterih drugih jezikoslovcev in presojamo o nujnosti nadgradnje, ki jo narekuje sodobna raba.
Sodobni gledališkolektorski pristop: ob analizi drame Hodnik Matjaža Zupančiča
Authors: Pori Eva
Published: December 2018

Z razvojem novih uprizoritvenih praks se je spreminjala tudi estetika odrskega govora, pojav raznovrstnih tematik besedil je terjal drugačen, sodoben lektorski pristop, na govorno realizacijo besedila v gledališču pa vselej vplivajo tudi odrske okoliščine in množica drugih gledaliških izraznih sredstev. Prispevek na osnovi odlomka iz uprizoritve sodobne drame Hodnik Matjaža Zupančiča prikaže proces preoblikovanja zapisanega dramskega besedila v govorjeno in z nekoliko drugačnega zornega kota, v razmerju do medijskega govora, opozarja na dejstvo, da raba govorjenega knjižnega jezika lahko ovira ali cello onemogoča razvijanje umetniškega govora oz. odrskega govora v gledališču
Reguła Vaillanta w świetle kanonu staro-cerkiewno-słowiańskiego
Authors: Szeptyński Rafał
Published: December 2018

Članek je posvečen t. i. Vaillantovemu pravilu, ki zadeva distribucijo alomorfov *-ьš- in *-ějьš- priponskega obrazila praslovanskega primernika. Analiza starocerkvenoslovanskega korpusa (nasproti drugim starim slovanskim jezikom) kaže, da je sodobna formula V. A. Dyboja potrebna določenih popravkov. Avtor vrh tega razvija pogled P. S. Sigalova, ki območje delovanja pravila potencialno razširja še na neprehodne glagole spremembe stanja.
Brezosebne zgradbe v slovenščini: kontrastiva z drugimi južnoslovanskimi jeziki in ruščino
Authors: Uhlik Mladen , Žele Andreja
Published: December 2018

Prispevek obravnava dva tipa brezosebnih zgradb z glagolskimi povratnimi oblikami: (a) zgradbe s splošnim vršilcem; (b) zgradbe z nosilcem stanja v dajalniku. Predstaviti skuša skladenjskopomenske posebnosti in razširjenost obravnavanih zgradb v slovenskem, drugih južnoslovanskih jezikih in ruščini.
Druga Mednarodna sociolingvistična konferenca (ICS-2)
Authors: Jakop Tjaša
Published: December 2018

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Monografija o imenima Pomenika manastira Krušedola
Authors: Ranković Zoran
Published: December 2018

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Enclave RAE – spletni portal za jezikovne uporabnike španščine
Authors: Michelizza Mija
Published: December 2018

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Moj stik z jeziki in z jezikoslovjem v obdobju 1965–1980
Authors: Orešnik Janez
Published: December 2018

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Du rouge pour le Noir : du corail méditerranéen pour la traite négrière au xviiie siècle
Authors: Buti Gilbert
Published: December 2018

Au xviiie siècle des observateurs soulignent la passion des populations d’Afrique noire pour le corail rouge de Méditerranée. En branche ou travaillé, ce produit figure dans les cargaisons des navires négriers européens. Très tôt contrôlé par des marchands et de puissantes compagnies, le corail participe à la première mondialisation des échanges. Il prend une place originale dans l’intensification des relations avec l’Asie. Marseille contribue à ces échanges à partir de ressources locales ou exploitées dans les concessions d’Afrique du Nord par la Compagnie royale d’Afrique. Le corail est transformé dans de proches ateliers et manufactures. Il compose une petite partie des marchandises de navires marseillais qui se livrent à la traite négrière. Des négociants servent aussi de liens entre la Compagnie royale d’Afrique et la Compagnie des Indes orientales (Lorient) pour diffuser une part de la production méditerranéenne. Le corail sert à des achats d’esclaves mais aussi de « produit d’appel » pour amorcer une négociation.
Approvisionnement, circulation, transformation et usage du corail en Provence occidentale (xiiie‑xvie siècles)
Authors: Chazottes Marie-Astrid
Published: December 2018

Les découvertes archéologiques et le dépouillement des sources d’archives donnent un aperçu de la manière dont le corail s’insère dans l’économie médiévale en Provence. L’association des tarifs de péage et des archives notariales documente les zones d’entrée du corail en Provence occidentale ainsi que la circulation de cette matière à l’état brut ou sous forme travaillée. L’analyse des déchets retrouvés à Marseille apporte de premières hypothèses sur les étapes initiales de transformation des branches. Celles-ci sont employées en bijouterie pour la fabrication de perles et de pendentifs, servent ponctuellement à l’élaboration de manches de couteaux, de cure-oreilles et de sifflets. Mis en poudre, le corail devient aussi un ingrédient de préparations pharmaceutiques, pour le soin du corps et des dents.
ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THERMO-STRUCTURAL INTEGRATED SYSTEM IN THE SARA SUB-ORBITAL PLATFORM
Authors: Leite Newton Galvão de Campos , Monticeli F. M. , Coutinho Jr. L. H. , Linhares P. N. , Machado Humberto Araujo
Published: December 2018

Space and suborbital vehicles reach high speeds while flying in the atmosphere, which results in aerodynamic heating and structural loads due the dynamic pressure on the surface. High resistance materials are employed to support such requirements, increasing the spacecraft weight and launching costs. The use of an integrated thermal structural protection (TISSC) was proposed, in order to improve the overall performance, resulting in a significant reduction in weight and cost and increasing the life cycle of the vehicle. This work is aimed in analyzing the economic viability of these structures, applied to the SARA suborbital platform, which is being developed by IAE (Institute of Aeronautics and Space) for experiments in micro-gravity environment. Possible combinations of materials to be employed, including their cost and manufacturability, were analyzed, concluding that the use of this system represents an advantage when compared to the conventional thermal protection system.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 13 No. 12
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: December 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 13 No. 12, 2018
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Properties of CaSO4·2H2O Single Crystals
Authors: Fukami Takanori , Tahara Shuta , Nakasone Keiko , Yasuda Chitoshi
Published: December 2018

Single crystals were grown at room temperature from the precursors CaCO3 and NH2SO3H by a gel method using agar-agar gel as the medium of growth. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the single crystals. The crystal structure of the grown crystals was confirmed to be very similar to that of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O, gypsum). The temperature at which dehydration and evaporation of intercalated water molecules in the single crystal occurred was found to be 375.9 K, which was very close to that in CaSO4·2H2O. From all these results, we identified the grown single crystals as CaSO4·2H2O. The weight loss owing to the thermal decomposition of anhydrous CaSO4 formed by the dehydration of the single gypsum crystals was found to occur at ~1530 K. This weight loss was probably caused by the evolution of SO3 gas by sublimation, and the chalky white substance left in the open vessel after decomposition was calcium oxide (CaO).
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Volatile Oils of Palisota hirsuta (Thunb) K. Schum and Trema orientalis (L) Blume
Authors: Aboaba Sherifat , Choudhary Iqbal
Published: December 2018

Leaves of Palisota hirsuta (Thunb) K. Schum. and Trema orientalis (L) Blume. were collected from a farm land in Nigeria. The volatile oils were isolated using hydrodistillation and GC-MS method to determine their yield and composition. Antimicrobial activities of various oils obtained were also evaluated. Thirty-three (33) and thirty-seven (37) compounds were identified representing 98.9% and 99.4% of the entire constituents in the leaf oils of P. hirsuta and T. orientalis respectively. The main components of P. hirsuta oil were nonanal (19.6%), 1-Octen-3-ol (9.4%), hexenal (7.7%) and o-Cymene while those from T. orientalis were tetradecanal (33.3%), n-hexadecanoic acid (19.5%), farnesylacetone (5.6%) and linalool (4.3%). Both leaf oils displayed different activity against the tested microorganisms.
A Sensitive and Low-cost Analytical Method for the Electrochemical Determination of Quercetin, Based on 1-Ethylpyridinium Bromide/Carbon Paste Composite Electrode
Authors: Tchieno Francis , Tonle Ignas , Njanja Evangeline , Ngameni Emmanuel
Published: December 2018

We report a simple, sensitive and low-cost electrochemical procedure for the quantification of quercetin (QCT), a flavonoid and an antioxidant, based on 1-ethylpyridinium bromide modified carbon paste electrode. A 1-ethylpyridinium bromide/carbon paste composite electrode was used. The cyclic voltammogram of QCT showed two oxidation peaks at +0.575 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl) and +0.865 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl), and a reduction peak at +0.371 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl) in HCl/KCl solution at pH 1. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis in HCl/KCl at pH 1 showed three well-defined oxidation peaks while a single peak was recorded in phosphate buffer at pH 3. The peak currents of QCT significantly increased at the 1-ethylpyridinium bromide modified electrode in comparison with those recorded at the bare carbon paste electrode. This allowed the use of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to develop a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method for the determination of QCT. Key experimental parameters such as pH of the supporting electrolyte, the preconcentration time, the electrolysis potential, electrode composition, QCT concentration and interferents were investigated. The current response was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of QCT in the range from 2.48 x 10-7 M to 7.43 x 10-6 M, leading to a detection limit of 4.48 x 10-8 M. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of QCT in human urine samples.
Study Self-cleaning of Congo Red from Cotton Fabric Loaded by Zno-Ag
Authors: Oda Amjed , Ali Hameed , Lafta Abbas , Esmael Hussein , Jameel Ali , Mohammed Abbas , Mubarak Inas
Published: December 2018

The current work involves modification of zinc oxide by doping silver, this was achieved by photodeposition method. Modified zinc oxide was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both of ZnO and Ag doped ZnO was fabricated on a cotton texture. The photocatalytic activity of these materials was investigated by following the decolorization of congo red from simulated industrial wastewater. The decolorization of congo red over fabricated-ZnO-Ag was more efficient in comparison with non- fabricated catalysts. Different reaction parameters were undertaken including the effect of pH of the solution, irradiation time and the effect of light intensity. Complete dye removal over fabricated materials took three hours while it took 4.5 for non-fabricated materials.
The Commercialization of Beijing Hutongs
Authors: Mao Ruoxuan
Published: December 2018

This paper addresses the transition of Hutongs from alleys connecting the main streets to fully commercialized districts. Hutongs are narrow streets formed by rows of Siheyuans (quadrangle dwellings), a traditional type of Chinese architecture consists of four houses surrounding a courtyard. The architectural layout of Siheyuan is four houses surrounding a courtyard. There are several types of Siheyuans, including the Beijing Siheyuan. Along with the development of Beijing since 1949, numerous Siheyuans were demolished. However, since the 1980s, many Hutongs were brought under national and local protection. Some of the best preserved Hutongs, especially those in the center areas of Beijing, are now more commercialized than they were prior to the ‘80s. This paper discusses the causes as well as consequences of such commercialization. Literature concerning the Hutongs frequently discusses the Hutongs' history and the shift in their architectural design, as well as other aspects that have changed over time. By contrast, this paper discusses a special phenomenon of Hutongs in Beijing — commercialization — and focuses on the causes and results of it.
Over de beoogde verhouding tussen een gemoderniseerd Wetboek van Strafvordering en het bijzondere strafrecht
Authors: Haentjens R.C.P.
Published: December 2018

Over de beoogde verhouding tussen een gemoderniseerd Wetboek van Strafvordering en het bijzondere strafrecht

Op basis van de uitgangspunten van de wetgever met betrekking tot het gemoderniseerde Wetboek van Strafvordering wordt onderzocht in hoeverre de wetgever zich houdt aan de gepostuleerde uitgangspunten van de modernisering. De wetgever wenst thans de bijzondere strafwetgeving niet te integreren in het moderniseringsproces. Dat zal later per wet moeten worden gedaan, waartegen moet worden gewaakt. Advies aan de wetgever luidt dat met het oog op consistentie, structuur en grondbeginselen van strafvorderlijke wetgeving reeds thans de bijzondere wetgeving in het gemoderniseerde wetboek zal moeten worden ‘ingeweven’.
Desativação de pontos-gatilho no tratamento da dor miofascial
Authors: Culpi Milena , Martinell Ananda Beatriz Munhoz Cretella
Published: December 2018

A síndrome da dor miofascial (SDM) é causa de dor e limitações, sendo bastante prevalente na população. Seu diagnóstico se dá pela apresentação clínica e exame físico, sendo a dor no local o principal sintoma, que conta com uma irradiação característica conforme o músculo acometido. Devido a esta irradiação, a condição pode mimetizar outras situações clínicas comuns e deve ser lembrada como diagnóstico diferencial. Sua identificação e tratamento podem ser feitos de forma simples e o profissional da atenção primária está apto a realizá-los, no entanto, ainda é muito negligenciada, por ser condição pouco estudada. Seu tratamento inclui fármacos, mudanças de estilo de vida, técnicas de fisioterapia e de agulhamento, sendo que este pode ser a seco ou com injeção de substâncias. O agulhamento com infiltração anestésica parece ser técnica eficaz na desativação de pontos-gatilho musculares e aparenta ser superior às demais em alguns estudos, com a vantagem de ser menos doloroso em sua realização. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a SDM, levando em conta o quadro clínico, o diagnóstico e o tratamento, retratando resultados com diversas técnicas de agulhamento e comparando-as entre si e com demais técnicas.
Deep structure of South Kamchatka according to geophysical data
Authors: Moroz Yu. F. , Gontovaya L. I.
Published: December 2018

Differences have been discovered in the deep structures of North and South Kamchatka, which raises a question about a boundary between these regions. This problem has been studied on the basis of the seismologic, inverse seismic tomographic (P-waves) and geoelectrical data obtained in recent years, as well as the information on magnetometry, gravimetry, tectonics and magmatism of the study area. Comprehensive analysis of the geological and geophysical data shows differences in the structure of the crust and upper mantle in North and South Kamchatka and common features of the deep structures of South Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. A presumed boundary between North and South Kamchatka is related to the zone of transverse deep faults crossing the peninsula. It is evidenced by P-wave velocity anomalies at different levels of the lithosphere. This fault zone is associated with a change in the geometry and strike of the high-velocity focal layer, and reflected in the modern tectonic plan as the Petropavlovsk-Malkinsky zone of transverse dislocations. In this zone, the Avacha-Koryak group of modern volcanoes is also NW-oriented. We propose a geoelectric model showing the depths along the profile constructed across the zone. In its deep part, the model includes sub-vertical anomalies of increased electrical conductivity. The anomalies are related to deep faults. Increased electrical conductivity may be due to the presence of magmatic melts feeding volcanoes. The results obtained in our study give evidence of the common features of the deep structures of South Kamchatka and the Kuril island arc and demonstrate the differences between the deep structures of North and South Kamchatka, being separated by the zone of faults, which may penetrate into the upper mantle. It is suggested that the identified features in the South Kamchatka structure are due to deep processes taking place not only at the side of the Pacific Ocean, but also at the southern margins of the Sea of Okhotsk. These findings are of interest for geodynamics, volcanology, tectonics and other Earth sciences.
Correlation between lithospheric magnetic anomalies and tectonic structures in the Norwegian-Greenland region of the Arctic
Authors: Abramova D. Yu. , Abramova L. M. , Filippov S. V.
Published: December 2018

The studies of the deep structure and tectonics of the Arctic are important for solving the fundamental problems of modern geodynamics and developing its natural resources. This region is also of interest from the geopolitical point of view, in particular, considering the boundaries of the marginal seas. Our study aims to investigate the lithospheric (anomalous) geomagnetic field in the Norwegian-Greenland region of the Arctic and to correlate the identified anomalies with tectonic structures located in the region under study. The database includes the CHAMP satellite measurements of the modulus of the total geomagnetic field vector (the satellite operated at the altitude of ~280 km). This article describes the satellite data processing method applied to distinguish between the lithospheric part and other components of the geomagnetic field. Map showing the total vector modulus of the lithospheric field has been constructed for the studied area. The article discusses the possible nature of the lithospheric magnetic anomalies and their relation to the processes that occur under the territory of Greenland. According to our interpretation of the maps, the geomagnetic field anomalies are related to the modern large-scale geological and tectonic structures located in the studied area. The obtained results can facilitate further comprehensive geological and geophysical studies and contribute to modeling of the evolution of the lithosphere.
Quantitative assessment of seismic hazard for the territory of Uzbekistan according to the estimated maximum ground oscillation rates and their spectral amplitudes
Authors: Artikov T. U. , Ibragimov R. S. , Ibragimova T. L. , Kuchkarov K. I. , Mirzaev M. A.
Published: December 2018

In the territory of Uzbekistan, seismic activity is high, and ensuring seismic safety of the population is among the most important problems for the country. Our study was focused on discovering relationships between the attenuation of the ground oscillation rates, their spectral amplitudes and the distances to the epicentres of the earthquakes of different energy levels, which took place in the region under study. An objective was to quantitatively assess the seismic hazard of the study area. We analyzed the velocity graphs of M 3.8–6.2 earthquakes that occurred in Uzbekistan and the neighbouring territories, and the recorded earthquake spectrum data. For the region under study, it is established that the attenuation of the ground oscillation rates and their spectral amplitudes depend on the distances. Taking into account the sizes of crustal earthquake foci, the spectra of ground oscillation rates were calculated for the near zone. Based on the established regional dependencies, the maximum ground oscillation rates and spectral velocity amplitudes were estimated, and seismic hazard probability for the territory of Uzbekistan was assessed. For several towns and cities of Uzbekistan, the highest predictable spectral amplitudes were determined, which, under given probability P, will not be exceeded within the coming 50 years. The quantitative characteristics of seismic hazard can be converted to the indicators of seismic activity impacts, as required for calculating the seismic loads in earthquake-resistant engineering and construction projects.
Evaluation of GPR capabilities in the study of seismogenic faulting and deformation in the bottom sediments of Lake Upoloksha (northeast of the Fennoscandian shield)
Authors: Rodionov A. I. , Nikolaeva S. B. , Ryazantsev P. A.
Published: December 2018

The article describes the experience of using the GPR method to study the bottom sediments of Lake Upoloksha located in the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Such sediments are viewed as good archives of various Holocene geodynamic processes, including tectonic and paleoseismic events. This small lake is located in the zone of the active NW-striking lineament, which length is more than 20 km. A series of åsars (eskers) stretches along the lineament. In the previous studies, the bottom sediments of the lake were investigated by geological methods, including core sampling, lithological and micro-palaeontological analysis of sediments. The studies have revealed a horizon which features are indicative of catastrophic changes in the sedimentation conditions due to a single impact. Our study aimed at evaluating the level of informativeness of the GPR method for detecting disturbances in the bottom sediments and new paleoseismic dislocations. The study referred to the hypothesis of the distribution of seismic foci in the Kola Peninsula in the Holocene. A ground-penetrating radar OKO-2 and an antenna unit (150 MHz) were used to survey of Lake Upoloksha in detail. The positions of the main stratigraphic horizons of the bottom sediments were clarified, and their thicknesses were measured more precisely. The GPR measurement error in comparison to the drilling data did not exceed ±0.2 m, which corresponds to the resolution of the antenna used in the survey. The GPR data confirmed the existence of seismic dislocations identified by the geological methods and discovered new zones of displacement and deformation in the organogenic and mineral bottom sediments. The survey detected vertical displacements, which amplitudes vary from 1.3 to 1.7 m, and landslides caused by seismogravitational rock collapse. Based on the GPR data, a bathymetric map was constructed. It shows the positions of the two basins of Lake Upoloksha. The survey provided the basis for a model showing the isosurface of the top of the mineragenous sequence. In the central part of the mineral-base model, there is a series of individual stepwise blocks of the sublatitudinal strike, which result from seismic movements. The GPR survey of Lake Upoloksha demonstrates that the GPR method can be successfully applied to estimate the mineral and organogenic parts of the bottom sediments, study their lithostratigraphic features, and detect changes in the structure of the bottom sediments. Based on the GPR data, it becomes possible to map even the small-scale disturbances.
The 234U/238U variations in groundwater from the Mondy area in response to earthquakes at the termination of the Tunka Valley in the Baikal Rift System
Authors: Рассказов S. V. , Ilyasova A. M. , Chuvashova I. S. , Chebykin E. P.
Published: December 2018

High 234U/238U activity ratio (AR4/8), identified in groundwater from the Elovka-Kultuk and Nilovka-Mondy inversion sections of the Tunka Valley, coincide with areas of earthquake concentrations. In order to substantiate an approach to earthquake prediction, spatial variations of this parameter were determined in natural water at the western termination of the valley and its temporal variations were monitored in water from the Mon-D well in the Mondy basin in 2013–2017. A recorded gradual decrease of AR4/8 values in water of this well, coeval with preparation and implementation of an earthquake with the energy class K=13.9 in the north of lake Khövsgöl, reflected crack closure that prevented deep water penetration in the Tumelik-Mondy aseismic zone. At the eastern termination of the valley, near the Kultuk village, decreasing AR4/8 values in groundwater were followed with their sharp increasing and transition to low-amplitude variations. Accordingly, crack closing was followed with their opening that facilitated the circulation of deep water and provided seismic events. Leveling of the Mondy anomaly in the Tumelik-Mondy aseismic zone, accompanied by a continuous activity of the Turan and Nilovka anomalies within the Nilovka-Mondy section, emphasized a specific role of the latter as an intermediate chain between the Khövsgöl segment of radial rifts, originated in front of the Hangay orogen, and the largest central basin of the Tunka Valley. The Kultuk, Zaktuy, and North-Tory AR4/8 and earthquake anomalies denoted boundaries of the Elovka-Kultuk section in the Khamardaban lithospheric block flattened at the edge of the Siberian platform basement.
Brines in deep horizons of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe
Authors: Alekseev S. V. , Alekseeva L. P. , Gladkov A. S. , Trifonov N. S. , Serebryakov E. V. , Pavlov S. S. , Il’in A. V.
Published: December 2018

The study was focused on groundwaters sampled from boreholes drilled to deep horizons of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe and the host sedimentary strata. Brines in the rocks significantly complicate underground mining. Analysis of the hydrogeological setting is required to ensure safety during mining to the design levels. The features of chemical composition and the geochemical evolution of brines in the crust can be clarified in a more detail on the basis of new reliable data on strong chloride saline solutions that formed in complex geological and tectonic conditions. Kimberlite and water samples were taken from the ore bodies and host sedimentary strata at the depth of 680–980 m. Conventional methods of quantitative and instrumental analysis were applied to study the chemical composition of brines. Mineral composition of kimberlite was determined by powder diffractography and X-ray fluorescence methods. Geological, structural and tectonophysical methods were used to reveal and describe the tectonic structure of the kimberlite pipe area. Groundwaters with salinity of 280–406 g/L are strong and very strong calcium chloride brines. The chlorine-bromine ratio has a small range of 48–57; the sodium-chlorine ratio varies from 0.11 to 0.18. According to their geochemical features, the studied groundwaters are metamorphosed brines that have analogues across the Siberian platform. Physical and chemical processes were simulated to investigate the degrees of saturation of strong brines relative to the minerals of water-bearing rocks. The simulation results show that the brines in the Western ore body of the Udachnaya pipe are strongly undersaturated in the deep horizons in comparison to carbonate, sulfate and chloride minerals. This suggests possible dilution of brines during their geochemical evolution. A detailed study of the tectonic structure identified structural elements that control the distribution and migration of groundwaters in the rocks. In the mining sites, brines occur mainly in the fault zones, fault junctions and intersections with the contacts of kimberlite bodies. Integration of hydrogeological and geostructural data can provide a basis for prediction and assessment of the sites with increased water inflow in the deep horizons involved in mining.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of the Zaeltsovsko-Mochishchensky zone of radon waters in the southern West Siberia
Authors: Novikov D. A. , Sukhorukova A. F. , Korneeva T. V.
Published: December 2018

The study aims at solving the fundamental and applied problems of hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of the Zaeltsovsko-Mochishchensky zone of radon waters in the northwestern district of the city of Novosibirsk. Novosibirsk is one of the few Russian cities built on granites that emit radon (222Rn). In geological terms, the study area is confined to the NW near-contact zone of the large Novosibirsk granitoid massif. The available data on radon in this area has not been scientifically consolidated yet. We used the methods of S.L. Shvartsev, N.M. Kruglikov, V.V. Nelyubin, O.N. Yakovlev, and V.M. Matusevich and software packages Visual Minteq, PhreeqC, WATEQ4f and HG-32 and obtained physical and chemical calculations for the forms of migration of trace elements in radon waters and estimated the degrees of radon water saturation with rock-forming minerals. The data from hydrogeological profiles and hydrogeochemical sampling (118 samples from 57 water wells and sources) were analyzed. Radon waters are fissure-type, cold (6–10 °С) and occur at a depth of 50–200 m. By their chemical composition (according to the classification proposed by S.А. Shchukarev), the waters are mainly hydro-carbonate calcium and hydro-carbonate calcium-sodium; the total mineralization amounts to 322–895 mg/dm3. All the water wells drilled in granites and near-contact hornfels were tested for radon. It is revealed that the 222Rn concentration in water varies widely, from 11 to 801 Bq/dm3. Therefore, such waters are classified as low-radon and moderate-radon mineral waters (according to the classification proposed by N.I. Tolstikhin). In the wells drilled in hornfels, the 222Rn concentration in water is 37–241 Bq/dm3. The concentrations of 238U and 226Ra do not exceed 0.098 and 1.9∙10–9 mg/dm3, respectively. Physicochemical simulation shows that Ag+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Fe2+ migrate mainly as free ions, while Be2+, Fe3+, Zr4+, Ti4+ migrate as hydroxide complexes. Uranium is mainly present in uranyl-carbonate complexes of calcium: Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) (61–75 %) and CaUO2(CO3)32– (25–36 %). Calculations show abundant saturation of the waters with calcite, dolomite, ferrihydrite, greenalite, hausmannite, manganite, quartz, rutile, siderite, lepidocrocite, goethite, and pyrolusite. The mineral phases, such as aragonite, barite, chalcedony, cristobalite, vaterite, and amorphous silicon dioxide are in equilibrium. Several samples show saturation of the waters with relatively rare phosphorus-containing minerals: hydroxyapatite, manganese hydrogen phosphate, cerargyrite, and lead molybdate. The radon waters are not saturated with monohydrocalcite, calcium molybdate, celestite, chrysotile, copper hydroxide, copper molybdate, epsomite, huntite, amorphous and crystalline iron hydroxide (II), gypsum, iron molybdate (II), magnesite, lansfordite, Na-jarosite, nesquehonite, powellite, strontianite, tenorite, witherite, and zirconium dioxide.
U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) age of detrital zircons and the sources of terrigenous sediments of the Ipsit suite, Karagass series (Sayan segment of the Sayan-Baikal-Patom belt)
Authors: Motova Z. L. , Donskaya T. V. , Gladkochub D. P. , Khubanov V. B.
Published: December 2018

The petrographic, lithogeochemical and U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) geochronological studies were carried out to investigate the terrigenous rocks sampled from the lower part of the Ipsit suite of the Karagass series (Sayan segment of the Sayan-Baikal-Patom belt). These rocks include sandstones, aleurite sandstones and aleurolites, and their mineral compositions are close to that of arkose. Most of the studied rock samples show petrographic features typical of the epigenetic changes at the stage of catagenesis: regeneration of quartz clastic grains, pelitization of potassium-feldspar clastic grains, occurrence of clay-hydromica aggregate, sericitization of plagioclase, chloritization of biotite, and silicification of dolomite pieces, and occurrence of authigenous tourmaline. The above was confirmed by the analysis of the concentrations of petrogenic elements in the studied rocks from the lower part of the Ipsit suite. The analysis results show that the concentrations of K2O are elevated, while the concentrations of Na2O are relatively very low, which may be due to the redistribution of these elements during epigenetic transformations. According to the classification by genetic types on the basis of the system of petrochemical modules, the rocks of the lower part of the Ipsa suite are of the petrogenic nature. The acidic igneous rocks are dominant in the source area, as evidenced by the presence of granitoid and quartzite fragments in the clastogenic component, as well as the set of accessory minerals typical of the igneous rocks of the acidic composition, and the distribution pattern of rare and trace elements. According to the U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons from the aleurite sandstone sampled from the lower part of the Ipsit suite, the zircons are exclusively of the Archean-Early Proterozoic ages. Such ages correlate with the age of the granitoids of the Sayan complex and the felsic volcanites from the Maltsev layer of the Elash series (Biryusa block). Furthermore, the detrital-zircon age spectra of the aleurite sandstone of the lower part of the Ipsit suite are identical to the detrital-zircon age spectra of the terrigenous rocks from the underlying strata of the Shangulezh and Tagul suites of the Karagass series. This study suggests that sedimentation of the Ipsit suite of the Karagass series took place due to the influx of detrital material from the southern part of the Siberian craton into the sedimentation basin, and the acidic igneous rocks of the Biryusa block were one of the main sources of detrital material.
Sources and source areas of the Upper Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Dzhagda terrane of the Mongol-Okhotsk fold belt: the results of Sm-Nd isotope geochemical studies
Authors: Zaika V. A. , Sorokin A. A. , Kovach V. P.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of Sm-Nd isotope geochemical studies of the Upper Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Dzheskogon, Nektera and Bochagor suites of the Dzhagda terrane. These rocks are characterized by slightly varying values of the Nd model age tNd(DM)=1.5–1.0 Gyr, which gives evidence that the main sources of protoliths were the rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Nd model age (in average). This Nd model age is similar to the ages of the metaterrigenous rocks of the Teply Klyuch, Garmakan and Alga suites of the Tukuringra terrane of the Mongol-Okhotsk Belt. The results obtained in our studies suggest that the sedimentary rocks of the Dzhagda and Tukuringra terranes developed from the material that was mainly sourced from the Amur superterrane (from the south in modern coordinates). A supply of the material from the southern margin of the North Asian craton (from the north in modern coordinates) was either absent or minimal.
Wittgensteinian Humanism, Democracy, and Technocracy
Authors: Litwack Eric B. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2018

In this article, the author explores some possible applications of Wittgenstein’s humanistic psychology, epistemology and philosophy of culture for the philosophy of technology, and more particularly, for the question of valuing a possible future technocracy over contemporary democratic systems. Major aspects of the article involve a discussion of some of Wittgenstein’s key views on certainty, cultural relativism, the problem of other minds, and gradual socio-cultural change. In order to examine these problems, the author draws from both a wide range of Wittgenstein’s works, as well as secondary sources in Wittgenstein studies. An analogy is made between socio-cultural change over time and gradual visual loss. The author has incorporated important elements of Wittgenstein’s biography, both as a philosopher and as an engineer and architect, underlining the profound link between his life and thought.
Cultura, sustentabilidade e a imagem de destinos turísticos: um estudo comparativo nas sub-regiões do Brasil
Authors: Silva Adrielly Souza , Souza Anderson Gomes de
Published: December 2018

O emprego da ‘sustentabilidade’ enquanto fator de diferenciação mercadológica tem sido recorrente entre os destinos turísticos. Entretanto, a imagem destas localidades não está alheia à influência de fatores externos, como a cultura. Em países com dimensões territoriais amplas, como o Brasil, este fenômeno tende a ser ainda mais evidente. Isto porque, em termos culturais, não existe somente um, mas cinco diferentes ‘Brasis’ (Ribeiro, 1995). Assim, esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar como a imagem da sustentabilidade de destinos turísticos pode ser influenciada pelas características culturais das sub-regiões de origem dos consumidores brasileiros. O caráter inovador do estudo decorre da adoção de uma abordagem idiográfica das dimensões culturais de Hofstede (1980). Foram realizados cinco grupos focais com indivíduos de nacionalidade brasileira, nas diferentes regiões culturais do país, cujos dados foram analisados por meio da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que, das cinco sub-regiões analisadas, o ‘Brasil Sulinas’ apresentou maior discrepância quanto à imagem da sustentabilidade de destinos turísticos. Fato este atribuído a uma maior propensão a valores correspondentes a índices elevados de masculinidade e baixa aversão a incertezas. Já os consumidores das demais sub-regiões tenderam a demonstrar padrões de pensamento semelhantes entre si, mas contrários ao ‘Brasil Sulinas’.
Dual role of the σ factor in primer RNA synthesis by bacterial RNA polymerase
Authors: Esyunina Daria , Pupov Danil , Kulbachinskiy Andrey
Published: December 2018

Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) serves as a primase during replication of single‐stranded plasmids and filamentous phages. Primer RNA (prRNA) synthesis from the origin regions of these replicons depends on the σ factor that normally participates in promoter recognition. However, it was proposed that σ may not be required for origin recognition but is rather involved in RNA extension by RNAP. Here, by analyzing the natural replication origin of bacteriophage M13 and synthetic ssDNA templates, we show that interactions of σ with promoter‐like motifs stabilize priming complexes and can control prRNA synthesis by trapping RNAP on the template. Thus, the σ factor is involved in both DNA recognition and RNA priming, unifying its functions in transcription initiation from double‐ and single‐stranded templates.