bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of Dextranase-Treated Plaque Streptococci
Authors: Hoffman S. , Tow H.D. , Cole John S.
Published: November 2010

The in vitro effects of dextranase on extracellular polysaccharide-producing streptococci grown on autoclaved enamel samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. This enzyme was found to be highly effective in dispersing both strains of streptococci when compared with controls.
Growth of the Tooth Germ in Newborn Rats Exposed to Oxygen at Atmospheric and High Pressure
Authors: Nakamoto T. , Bean J.W.
Published: November 2010

Newborn rats were exposed intermittently to oxygen at high pressure (93 psig) 15 times for a period of eight days. Growth of the tooth germs was the same as that of the control rats in air at atmospheric pressure, with the exception of the enamel and dentin layers, which grew less. The width of the tooth germ of rats exposed to oxygen at atmospheric pressure increased.
Correlation Study of Incisive Biting Forces with Age, Sex, and Anterior Occlusion
Authors: Garner L.D. , Kotwal N.S.
Published: November 2010

Age, sex, overbite, overjet, and anterior linear contact are compared as indicators of biting force. F scores and correlation coefficients indicate a correlation of age, sex, overbite, and anterior linear contact with biting force.
Effect of the Contraceptive Steroids Norethynodrel and Mestranol on Dental Caries Activity in Young Adult Female Rats
Authors: Liu F.T.Y. , Lin H.S.
Published: November 2010

Norethynodrel and mestranol in a ratio identical to that used for contraception were injected subcutaneously daily for five weeks into young adult female rats. These rats were fed with a purified caries test diet. The carious lesions of the treated rats increased proportionately with increased doses of the agents.
Isolation and Characterization of β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuo , Nakamura Ryo , Iwamoto Yoshifumi , Tsunemitsu Akira
Published: November 2010

Beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in human parotid saliva was separated into two subfractions by diethylaminoethanol cellulose column chromatography. One subfraction of the enzyme was isolated and purified. Disk electrophoresis showed that the purified enzyme was homogeneous. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be about 153,000 by gel filtration and dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. N-acetyl-β-galactosaminides also were hydrolyzed by this enzyme at the same site.
Periodontal Disease and Oral Hygiene in an Alaskan Eskimo Population
Authors: Kristoffersen Tore , Bang Gisle
Published: November 2010

Periodontal tissues and oral hygiene conditions of 75 inhabitants of an inland Alaskan village population were studied. Living habits had changed considerably since dental examinations and dietary studies were done eight years previously. Periodontal disease was severe and followed the same pattern as that in other populations, except that the influence of age alone was not so pronounced.
Study of the Electrochemical Behavior of Gold Dental Alloys
Authors: Brugirard J. , Bargain R. , Dupuy J.C. , Mazille H. , Monnier G.
Published: November 2010

The corrosion of some gold base alloys was studied in artificial saliva through the use of electrochemical methods, primarily potentiokinetic curves. The effects of various alloying elements were investigated.
Wear of Fluorapatite Single Crystals : IV. Influence of Sliding Direction on Frictional Behavior and Surface Failure
Authors: Powers J.M. , Ludema K.C. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

Frictional anisotropy of the basal plane of natural fluorapatite single crystals was observed ; the coefficient of friction (β) in the [ 2110] direction (β = 0.217) was approximately 12% higher than that in the [ 0110] direction (β = 0.193). The load at which the ductile-to-brittle transition occurred (Ω) was significantly higher in the [ 2110] direction (Ω = 77 gm) than in the [ 0110] direction (Ω = 15 gm). A mechanism is proposed involving the maximum normal stress and probable cleavage planes.
Reflex Responses of the Masseter and Temporal Muscles in Man
Authors: Fujii Hiroyuki , Mitani Haruyasu
Published: November 2010

Masseteric and deep temporal nerves in man were stimulated electrically. Electromyograms from the ipsilateral masseter and temporal muscles indicated muscular action potentials of about 2.0 and 6.0 msec latency. The former seemed to be a direct potential (M wave), and the latter, a monosynaptic reflex potential (H wave).
Effects of Estrogens on Submaxillary Glands in Mice
Authors: Houssay Alberto B. , De Harfin Julia F.
Published: November 2010

Estradiol benzoate in daily doses of 3, 10, or 30 μg was administered for one month to castrated or to castrated-adrenalectomized mice. Histologic and histometric studies of the submaxillary glands were performed. There was submaxillary hypertrophy caused by the granular tubules in the estradiol-injected mice. Adrenalectomy did not interfere with this effect.
An Improved Medium for Differentiating Acidogenic Bacteria
Authors: Keele Bernard B. , Reeves Mary Sue , Navia Juan M.
Published: November 2010

A modified medium was developed in which very finely divided calcium hydroxy phosphate and bromcresol purple were used as the indicator for the presence of acid-producing colonies on agar plates. The medium allows enumeration of acidogenic bacteria in no more than 72 hours; the results are highly reproducible.
Stress Distribution in Photoelastic Models of Transverse Sections of Porcelain-Fused-to-Gold Crowns and Preparations
Authors: Craig R.G. , El-Ebrashi M.K. , Farah J.W.
Published: November 2010

The stress distribution in composite photoelastic models of transverse sections of porcelain-fused-to-gold restorations and preparations was determined. The optimum design was one in which the porcelain-gold junction was on the lingual side of contact points that represented the contact of adjacent teeth.
Effect of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement Containing Monofluorophosphate on Fluoride Uptake and Solubility of Enamel
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y. , Bitner Thomas J.
Published: November 2010

Sound enamel blocks had significantly higher fluoride concentrations after being placed in contact with zinc oxide-eugenol cements containing monofluorophosphate in vitro than control blocks covered with no cement or a conventional ZOE cement. The acid solubility of intacl enamel surfaces after exposure to ZOE cements containing MFP also was reduced significantly.
A Histological Study of the Periapical Tissues of Incompletely Formed Pulpless Teeth Filled with Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Binnie William H. , Rowe A.H.R.
Published: November 2010

Treatment of incompletely formed teeth in dogs revealed that a paste made of calcium hydroxide and water is superior to two widely used root canal filling materials. Success was based on the absence of an inflammatory response in the periapical tissues and continued root formation.
Experimental Production of Lingual Carcinomas in Hamsters: Tumor Characteristics and Site of Formation
Authors: Fujita Kiyohide , Kaku Tohru , Sasaki Motomasa , Onoé Tamenori
Published: November 2010

Lingual carcinomas were produced at various sites on the hamster tongue by local application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. The period of carcinogenesis, degree of infiltration, and frequency of metastases were different according to site. The lateral border of the middle third of the tongue was most sensitive to the carcinogen and showed the most severe infiltration and frequent metastases.
Acid Treatment of Cavities Under Resin Fillings: Bacterial Growth in Dentinal Tubules and Pulpal Reactions
Authors: Vojinovic Olivera , Nyborg Hilding , Brannstrom Martin
Published: November 2010

Prepared cavities were treated with citric acid before restoring them with a composite resin. Subsequently, bacteria were found within dentinal tubules associated with inflammatory reactions within the pulp.
Ultrastructure of Selected Bacteria Isolated from Dental Plaque as Revealed by Freeze-Etching
Authors: Newman Hubert N. , Britton Alan H.
Published: November 2010

Freeze-etching was used to study the ultrastructure of several isolates representative of morphologic types of bacteria found in dental plague. It is a useful technique for ultrastructural examination of apparently viable bacteria, and it has possible applications in the study of the structural appearance and interrelationships of oral bacteria in plaque.
Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Glucose Transport in Oral Streptococci
Authors: Schachtele Charles F. , Mayo John A.
Published: November 2010

Streptococcus mutans, S sanguis, and S salivarius use a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system that results in phosphorylation of glucose at carbon 6. This enzyme system is not sensitive to fluoride. Glucose uptake into resting cell suspensions is sensitive to fluoride because of inhibition of intracellular PEP production. The glucose phosphotransferase system is constitutive in oral streptococci.
Reaction of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate with Fluoride
Authors: Chow L.C. , Brown W.E.
Published: November 2010

The intermediate formation of CaHPO4 · 2H2O and its subsequent conversion to Ca5 (PO4)3F or CaF2 may be a major factor in increased fluoride uptake when tooth enamel is pretreated with acid solutions before being exposed to fluoride. To obtain information concerning the form of fluoride incorporation, the reactions of CaHPO 4 ·2H2O with solutions containing various amounts of F-and PO43- ions were studied.
Effects of Acid Etchants on Dentin
Authors: Lee Henry L. , Orlowski Jan A. , Scheidt Gary C. , Lee John R.
Published: November 2010

The ability of acid etchants to penetrate dentin was tested under simulated clinical conditions. No penetration of the dentinal tubules by acid was detected by use of two different test methods, although pronounced roughening of the treated surfaces was observed.
Reaction of Acidulated Phosphate-Fluoride Solutions with Human Apatite
Authors: Stearns Robert I. , Berndt Alan F.
Published: November 2010

Finely pulverized human enamel was reacted with acidulated phosphate-fluoride solutions. The products were analyzed for fluoride content and examined by X-ray difjraction and infrared absorption. Fluoride content of the products and the amount of calcium fluoride formed increased with increasing reaction time, temperature, or both. Misleading results may be obtained if they are based only on fluoride uptake analyses.
The Course of the Palatine Arteries During Secondary Palate Development in the Rat
Authors: Diewert Virginia M.
Published: November 2010

The course of the palatine arteries was studied in 96 rat fetuses. The descending palatine arteries were a major blood supply to the incisive area of the primary palate. When shelves were elevated, the arteries became positioned more medially and changed from a semicircular to a V-shaped form in the pre-maxilla.
Fluoride Concentration in Root Surfaces and Alveolar Bone of Fluoride-Immersed Monkey Incisors Three Weeks After Replantation
Authors: Shulman L.B. , Gedalia I. , Feingold R.M.
Published: November 2010

Immersion in fluoride solution increased fluoride concentration in three root layers of extracted monkey incisors. Replantation of the teeth resulted in fluoride uptake by adjacent bone.
Characteristics of an Induced Variant of Bacterionema matruchotii
Authors: Streckfuss J.L. , Smith W.N. , Ennever J.
Published: November 2010

Bacterionema matruchotii, a calcifiable filamentous organism, was treatetl ultrasonically. The disrupted cells produced typical colonies that developed macroscopic globular structures. A nonfilamentous, pleomorphic variant was derived from the globules. The variant retained the calcification potential of the filament, as well as fermentation and ultrastructural similarities.
Stabilization of Parotid Flow Rate in the Dog
Authors: Haroz Carl T. , Shannon Ira L.
Published: November 2010

An intravenous infusion procedure using pilocarpine hydrochloride maintains a steady state of parotid saliva flow for at least 30 minutes in the anesthetized dog. The performance of the method is independent of age, sex, body weight, and breed of dogs.
Hemodynamic Deformation of Alveolar Socket Walls
Authors: Zengo A.N. , Bassett C.A.L. , Pawluk R.J. , Gjelsvik A.
Published: November 2010

Simultaneous recording of carotid arterial pressure and relative displacement of alveolar socket walls in dogs indicates a direct relationship between hemodynamic force and alveolar wall displacement. The effect was enhanced by the administration of ephedrine and diminished by histamine.
Electron Microprobe Investigations of Stannous Fluoride Reactions with Enamel Surfaces
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y. , Forbes Warren C.
Published: November 2010

After immersion for 30 seconds in stannous fluoride, tin and fluorine were detected in enamel. When the enamel was immersed for a longer time, it was etched by stannous fluoride treatment. A second tin-rich zone formed on the enamel surface after prolonged exposure and possibly consisted of Sn3F3PO4 and a hydrated tin compound.
Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Stannous Fluoride-Treated Enamel Surfaces
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y.
Published: November 2010

Scanning electron micrographs showed that the reaction products formed on enamel surfaces increased with prolonged immersion time. Sn3F3PO4 crystals and other amorphous and platelike reaction products were present. These findings corroborate the data obtained from similar samples by electron microprobe analyses.
Gas Chromatographic Experiments on Tooth Carbonates
Authors: Holager Jens
Published: November 2010

Gas chromatography was used for specific determination of the carbon dioxide content of human enamel and dentin. Although there was a wide range of results from the two types of gas chromatographs used, evidence of carbon dioxide was found in the temperature range of 400 to 900 C. Small amounts of acetylene, ethylene, methane, and hydrogen also were found.
Small Specimen Strain Measurement by Moiré Fringes
Authors: Caputo A.A. , Reisbick M.H. , Belting C.M.
Published: November 2010

The moiré fringe technique of strain analysis was applied to small beams of resin restorative materials. The feasibility of using this technique on small dental materials specimens was established.
Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Human Root Surface Carious Lesions
Authors: Sumney David L. , Jordan Harold V.
Published: November 2010

Carious lesions in the root surfaces of extracted human teeth were sampled qualitatively for the presence of bacterial forms. Streptococcus mutans was a predominant organism from this lesion. The filamentous organisms appeared typical of the genus Actinomyces. Bacterial strains from the advancing front of the lesions were aerobic gram-positive diphtheroids, with the key characteristics of the genus Arthrobacter.
A New Dental Superalloy System: VI. Heat Treatment
Authors: Mohammed Hamdi , Abdullah S.I. , Mumford George
Published: November 2010

Heat treatment caused an increase in ductility. Aging caused an increase in strength and hardness with a decrease in ductility. Overaging caused decreases in strength and ductility. Solution treating resulted in a single phase. The precipitation of coherent intermetallic compounds caused maximum strengthening with minimum loss of ductility.
An Epidemiologic Study of Dental Caries in Preschool Children in the United States by Race and Socioeconomic Level
Authors: Infante Peter F. , Russell Albert L.
Published: November 2010

The prevalence of dental caries in 1,155 white and black preschool children was studied in the United States in 1969 and 1970. The results demonstrated that white children of the lower socioeconomic level had a significantly greater prevalence of dental caries than middle class white children, but a significantly lower prevalence than black children, most of whom represented the lower social class.
Influence of Cereal Incorporation in a Caries-Producing Diet on Caries Activity in Rats
Authors: Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

Supplementation of cariogenic diet 2700 with 25, 35, or 50% of cereal products had no influence on the gain in body weight or on the caries activity of caries-susceptible rats. Substitution of half of the sucrose in diet 2700 by other cereal products had no influence on the growth of rats, but resulted in small decreases in caries activity; one corn product was the most effective.
Influence of Ingested Food Particle Size on Body Weight of Rats
Authors: Kapur Krishan K.
Published: November 2010

Changes in body weight were induced by varying particle size of the same food fed to old male rats with impaired masticatory function. Ingestion of coarse particles for ten weeks produced continuous gradual weight losses. Feeding of pulverized food resulted in significant weight recovery.
Comparison of Antibacterial Properties of Stannous Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Mouthwashes
Authors: Andres Carl J. , Shaeffer Joseph C. , Windeler Alfred S.
Published: November 2010

The antibacterial properties of a 0.50% stannous fluoride mouthwash and a 0.27% sodium fluoride mouthwash of equivalent fluoride ion concentration (0.12%) were examined using standard bacteriologic plate count procedures. The stannous fluoride solution produced a significant bacterial effect, but the bactericidal activity of the sodium fluoride solution was negligible.
Tissue-Specific Suppression of Differentiation by 5-Bromodeoxyuridine In Vitro
Authors: Schwartz S.A. , Kirsten W.H.
Published: November 2010

Embryonic rat tooth germs were treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine in vitro. Morphodifferentiation and histodifferentiation were arrested. Epithelial and mesenchymal deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis were unaffected, whereas ribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis were retarded in the mesenchyme only. Inhibition of odontogenesis by this agent appears to be tissue-specific.
Imidazole Catalysis of Sucrose Hydrolysis
Authors: Farr George W. , Heitz James R.
Published: November 2010

Sucrose hydrolysis has been shown to be catalyzed by the presence of imidazole at an acid pH. The active species was determined to be the positively charged imidazolium ion. The results are interpreted to offer a possible explanation of the first step of the dextransucrase-catalyzed formation of dextran from sucrose.
Fractography of Two-Phase Acrylic Polymers
Authors: Kusy R.P. , Turner D.T.
Published: November 2010

Fracture surfaces of two-phase acrylic polymers were examined by reflected light microscopy. In two materials, detailed features were observed which resembled ones previously reported for poly (methyl methacrylate). In addition, a granular microstructure was noted. A material that fractured intergranularly had a lower tensile strength than one that fractured transgranularly.
Pulpal Response of Monkeys to a Composite Resin Cement
Authors: Eriksen Harald M.
Published: November 2010

A composite resin cement is shown to be stronger and less soluble than the cementing materials that are commonly used today. The acidic cavity cleanser that is recommended to improve the adhesive properties of this resin cement considerably enhanced the pulpal response to the cement.
Thermal Analysis of Human Dental Enamel
Authors: Corcia John T. , Moody Willis E.
Published: November 2010

The dental enamel apatite appeared to be an approximation to natural hydroxyapatite. There was no positive indication of amorphous inorganic or other inorganic compounds found in dental enamel apatite or natural hydroxyapatite by the analytical techniques used. Heats of reaction of the organic oxidation at 350 C were determined. Heats of reaction were inversely proportional to dental enamel density.
Mitochondrial Role in Cellular Mineralization
Authors: Sayegh Fayez S. , Davis Robert W. , Solomon Gordon C.
Published: November 2010

Light and electron microscopy followed by microincineration procedures on the cells of the growing deer antler tip showed a concentration gradient of granules as cell maturation proceeded from the primitive to the mature cell type. The distribution of the intramitochondrial granules in the various cell types suggested mitochondria in the initial phase of the mineralization process.
Relationship Between the Number of Rat Littermates per Dam and Mandibular Incisor Growth
Authors: Madeira Miguel C. , Hetem Sebastião , Rulli Mauro A.
Published: November 2010

The relationship between the number of littermates per dam and tooth growth of the mandibular incisor taken out of occlusion by experimental shortening was investigated. The variation in eruptive growth was statistically significant.
Effect of Single Versus Fractionated Doses of X-radiation on Developing Molars in Rats
Authors: Markitziu A. , Horn Y. , Ulmansky M.
Published: November 2010

Young and adult rats received fractionated doses of X-radiation to their heads. Histological and radiographic changes in forming dental tissues were more pronounced in rats subjected to three fractionated doses than in rats receiving a single dose.
A New Caries-Preventive Compound: Ditin (II) Zirconium Octafluoride, Sn 2ZrF8
Authors: Donaldson John D. , White Wayne E. , Briner W.W. , Cooley W.E.
Published: November 2010

The solid phases obtained from aqueous and molten tin(II) fluoride-zirconium(IV) fluoride systems are described. A new compound is identified by its chemical analysis, and X-ray and Mössbauer data. In in vitro enamel solubility tests and in a rat caries experiment, the new compound exhibited efficacy comparable to stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride.
Mixtures of Elastomer Impression Materials of the Same Group: Setting Time and Consistency
Authors: Kaloyannides Thanos M. , Kapari Danae J.
Published: November 2010

An experiment was made to determine the setting time and consistency of 39 different mixtures of elastomer impression materials. The mixtures were produced by mixing four light body and regular body mercaptan materials in various ways and 13 light body, regular body, putty, and functional silicone materials in various ways. The values for the setting time and consistency for all mixtures were inversely proportional to temperature and were included within the range of corresponding values of the constituent materials.
Alteration of Skull Dimensions in Aged Persons
Authors: Boersma H.
Published: November 2010

Lateral radiographs of the heads of persons between the ages of 58 and 91 years were compared. Few statistically significant differences were found. Almost all linear dimensions in the women were smaller than those in the men.
The Genetics of Hypodontia
Authors: Suarez Brian K. , Spence M. Anne
Published: November 2010

A large body of family data was analyzed to explain the genetics of hypodontia. Two multiple threshold models that were developed for quasicontinuous traits were used. The data fit the polygenic model much better than they fit the single major gene model.
Histological Changes in the Bony Crypt and Gubernacular Canal of Erupting Permanent Premolars During Deciduous Premolar Exfoliation in Beagles
Authors: Cahill Donald R.
Published: November 2010

Osteoclastic activity that changes the size and shape of the gubernacular canal (eruption pathway) during eruption of the permanent succedaneous premolar occurs in close proximity to the roots of the deciduous tooth. Osteoclasis in the gubernacular canal in pre-eruption and early eruption stages does not result in odontoclasis of the deciduous roots, and the genesis of odontoclasis remains undetermined. However, in later stages of eruption, osteoclasis in the canal appears to contribute to the root resorption process.
Gingival and Digital Vasomotor Response to Thermal Imagery in Hypnosis
Authors: Clark R. Ernest , Forgione Albert G.
Published: November 2010

Eight volunteers participated in an experiment designed to measure gingival and digital vascular responses to suggestions of heat or cold during hypnotic trance. Although verbal and overt motor responses generally agreed with suggestions of heat or cold, vasomotor responses did not.
Mechanical Properties of Polyglycolic Acid Sutures in Oral Surgery
Authors: Moser J.B. , Lautenschlager E.P. , Horbal B.J.
Published: November 2010

The virgin ultimate strength of polyglycolic acid (PGA) suture material exceeded that of silk or gut, but it decreased significantly after residence in oral tissue of surgery patients. Low-cycle tensile fatigue tests showed that breaking strengths of PGA sutures were decreased appreciably by cyclic loading and by degradation in oral tissue.
Mixtures of Elastomer Impression Materials: I. Setting Time and Consistency
Authors: Kaloyannides Thanos M. , Kapari Danae J.
Published: November 2010

The setting time and consistency of 40 mixtures of different elastomer impression materials were measured. Measurements were made at 20, 25, and 37 C. In all mixtures the setting time and consistency values were inversely proportional to temperature and were within the range of values of the constituent materials.
Mineral Composition of Normal Human Enamel and Dentin and the Relation of Composition to Dental Caries: I. Macrominerals and Comparison of Methods of Analyses
Authors: Derise Nellie L. , Ritchey S.J. , Furr A.K.
Published: November 2010

The macromineral concentrations in enamel and dentin from 175 permanent, sound teeth were related to age, sex, and number of DMFT in the patients. Calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, and potassium concentrations were greater in enamel than in dentin, but magnesium was higher in dentin. Analytical methods were compared for four elements.
Development of a Ductile Dental Amalgam
Authors: Tobler R.L. , Rostoker W. , Massler M.
Published: November 2010

An amalgam that is based on a cadmium-10% nickel alloy is capable of Plastic deformation and it offers a substantial increase in resistance to cracking and tarnishing with some loss in corrosion resistance in saline solution and in hardness. The amalgam has not yet been tested for biologic safety.
Viscoelastic Properties of Silicone, Polysulfide, and Polyether Impression Materials
Authors: Goldberg A. Jon
Published: November 2010

The viscoelastic properties of nine silicone-, polysulfide-, and polyether-based impression materials were determined using creep tests. During deformation the materials demonstrated linear viscoelastic behavior. The creep compliance curves, recovery, and percent set were calculated. Permanent deformation in these materials is a result of lack of recovery of elastic deformation as well as viscous flow.
Ozone and Glycol Vapor Decontamination of Air in a Closed Room
Authors: Pelleu George B. , Berry Ronald F. , Holleman Nathan G.
Published: November 2010

Ozone and glycol vapor were evaluated for effectiveness in the decontamination of air in a closed room. At ozone concentrations of 1.0 ppm (toxic dose for humans and animals), more than 90% of Streptococcus mitis and Staphylococcus epidermidis was removed from the air within five minutes. No airborne reductions were noted at the threshold limit value concentration of ozone (0.1 ppm). Two glycol aerosols did not affect 60-minute reductions in the number of bacteria.
Reactions of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate with Fluoride Solutions
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y. , Tang Thomas E. , Wefel James S.
Published: November 2010

The final reaction products of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and fluoride are either fluorapatite (FAP), calcium fluoride (CaF2), or a mixture of both, depending on the initial F/Ca ratio. A method is presented to estimate the FAP/CaF2 ratio in the final reaction product from the initial F/Ca ratio.
Setting Changes of Amalgam Surfaces Observed by a Scanning Electron Microscopic Motion Picture
Authors: Takatsu Toshio , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

The changes of the phases on a setting amalgam surface were observed by a scanning electron microscope and recorded on a videotape. The image reproduced on a TV monitor was converted into a 16-mm motion picture with a low speed movie camera. The movie showed the dynamic process of the change of matrixes and residual alloy particles developing new γ1 and γ2 crystals and voids.
Contribution of Periodontal Receptors to the Masseteric Silent Period
Authors: Bessette Russell W. , Mohl Norman D. , Bishop Beverly
Published: November 2010

Quadrant local anesthesia was sequentially administered to the maxillary and mandibular teeth and periodontium in three healthy individuals. After anesthesia the duration of the silent period was shortened. Total anesthesia of all quadrants abolished the silent period in every individual, demonstrating that sensory impulses from periodontal receptors provide a major source of inhibition, and disfacilitation or active inhibition from intact muscle receptors is insufficient to produce a silent period.
Long Term Follow-up of Clinical Evaluations of Lathe-Cut Versus Spherical Amalgam
Authors: Osborne John W. , Gale Elliot N.
Published: November 2010

A spherical alloy was tested against a conventional lathe-cut amalgam in clinical trials. Results indicated that both alloys had comparable marginal breakdown rates. However, the three dentists who placed the restorations showed decided differences in marginal breakdown rates for their patients. Operator variable was the most significant finding.
Role of Attrition and Occlusal Contact in the Physiology of the Rat Incisor: VIII. Tooth Length and Occlusal Plane as Regulating Factors of Eruption and Attrition Rates
Authors: Michaeli Y. , Weinreb M.M. , Zajicek G.
Published: November 2010

Occlusal pressure has been recognized as an efficient regulator of eruption rate in rat incisors. An abnormal level of the occlusal plane, as determined by incisor length, exhibits a selective regulatory influence on eruption and attrition rates in an attempt to reestablish normal conditions.
Histological Study of the Dentition of Tautoga onitis
Authors: Hayes Raymond L.
Published: November 2010

The teeth of the fish Tautoga onitis resemble human teeth in gross appearance and histological composition. In the coronal part of the root connective tissue fibers were inserted into the cementum. Bone was fused or ankylosed with cementum externally and fused with dentin internally, There was no identifiable true periodontal membrane in anterior or posterior teeth.
Organic Polymeric Polyphosphonates as Potential Preventive Agents of Dental Caries: In Vivo Experiments
Authors: Anbar M. , St John G.A. , Elward T.E.
Published: November 2010

Some polymeric polyphosphonates were examined as caries preventives in rats. Caries-susceptible male rats showed about 50% reduction in caries formation after topical treatment with any of the polyphosphonates tested. Because of their low toxicity, these materials may be considered as potential anticariogenic additives to a dentifrice.
Some Effects on the Phases of Amalgam Induced by Corrosion
Authors: Holland Gene A. , Asgar Kamal
Published: November 2010

"Aged" amalgam restorations were analyzed using X-ray spectrometry with the SEM and the electron microprobe. The results indicated that the corrosion process penetrates throughout the amalgam mass. The tin of the γ2 phase consistently was associated with nonmetals, particularly chlorine, in areas of high corrosion. Other nonmetals were associated with tin within the interfacial corrosion layer and, to a lesser degree, within the amalgam bulk.
Composition of Dental Plaque Obtained from Eight Sites in the Mouth of a Ten-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Donoghue Helen D.
Published: November 2010

A study was made of the dental plaque obtained from the proximal surfaces of two premolars from a 10-year-old girl. Four sites were examined on each tooth. There were differences in the proportions of various microorganisms in both the plaque flora inhabiting different sites around the individual teeth, and the flora of the two teeth.
Method for Evaluating Intrauterine Versus Genetic Influences on Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Bonner Joseph J.
Published: November 2010

A method has been proposed that enables discrimination between genetic and intrauterine influences within the etiology of teratogen-induced craniofacial anomalies. The experimental approach is the transplantation of embryos at the blastocyst stage from mouse strains that are either highly resistant or highly susceptible to cortisone-induced cleft lip and cleft palate formation into pseudopregnant foster mothers that are reciprocally either resistant or susceptible to the congenital birth defect.
Dentifrice Usage and Ingestion Among Four Age Groups
Authors: Barnhart William E. , Hiller L. Kenneth , Leonard Giles J. , Michaels Scott E.
Published: November 2010

Dentifrice usage and ingestion data were collected under simulated home-use conditions among groups 2 to 4, 5 to 7, 11 to 13, and 20 to 35 years of age. Average dentifrice usage for these age groups ranged from 0.86 to 1.39 gm per brushing. Average dentifrice ingestion values ranged from 0.30 to 0.04 gm per brushing; ingestion decreased as age increased. Chronic usage conditions were simulated with a statistical model to obtain realistic estimates of the 90th and 95th percentile ingestion.
Levels of 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin and its Major Metabolite in Human Serum, Saliva, and Hyperplastic Gingiva
Authors: Conard Gordon J. , Jeffay Henry , Boshes Louis , Steinberg Arnold D.
Published: November 2010

Levels of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and its para-hydroxy metabolite (HPPH) were measured in serum, saliva, and in segments of hyperplastic gingiva from patients receiving chronic drug therapy. The severity of gingival hyperplasia tends to be associated with higher DPH levels in gingiva and with lower tissue levels of HPPH.
A Study of Sintered Apatites
Authors: Rao W. Raja , Boehm Robert F.
Published: November 2010

Hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite materials were synthesized and their sintering characteristics were studied. The compressive strength of the apatites was determined and is given as a function of density. Scanning electron micrographs of the typical material structure are given. The degradation of strength of the hydroxyapatite after an extended acid soak also is reported.
Rapid Filter Paper Assay for the Dextransucrase Activity from Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Germaine Greg R. , Schachtele Charles F. , Chludzinski Andrew M.
Published: November 2010

A convenient, sensitive, and reliable assay for the conversion of radiolabeled sucrose to alcohol-insoluble dextran by the Streptococcus mutans dextransucrase has been developed.
Reactions in Glass Ionomer Cements
Authors: Crisp Stephen , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The initial stages of the reaction between the glass ionomer cement powder and polyacrylic acid solutions (aluminosilicate polyacrylate cement) are described. Polyacrylic acid rapidly decomposes the ion-leachable powder, possibly aided by some metal comPlex-forming function. The amount of fluoride extracted, which is related to its molecular condition in the glass, is of considerable importance.
Early Degenerative Nerve Alterations in Feline Resorbing Deciduous Incisors as Observed by Electron Microscopy
Authors: Karlsson Ulf , Johnsen David , Herman Anne Marie
Published: November 2010

Electron microscopy was used to assess degenerative nerve alterations in resorbing deciduous incisors of the cat. Intradental nerve structural changes are described when minimal signs of root resorption are present. Intradental nerves in resorbing deciduous incisors are compared with those of fully developed deciduous incisors.
Effects of the Control of Plaque on the Progression of Dental Caries: Results After 19 Months
Authors: Clark Charles A. , Fintz James B. , Taylor Richard
Published: November 2010

A dental health education program was developed, and as a result, the mouths of study children remained relatively free of plaque six months after instruction terminated. There were indications of significant reduction in the incidence of dental caries after 19 months when comparing the study group with the control group.
Induced Collagenolytic Activity by Electrical Stimulation of Embryonic Fibroblasts in Tissue Culture
Authors: Kamrin Benjamin B.
Published: November 2010

Continuous electrical stimulation (3.5 μ amp; 1 sine wave cycle per second) of tissue culture human embryonic fibroblasts in the presence of HCL demineralized bone significantly transformed the normal cells. After 8 to 12 days of stimulation, the cells lost the capacity to form sheets; the central nucleus moved peripherally and the cells acted as phagocytes; and multinuclear cells in association with bone showed osteoclastlike properties.
Ultrastructure of the Gingival Epithelium in the New Born Cat—Some Characteristics of the Intercellular Junctions
Authors: Mignon M.L. , Malet P. , Perissel B. , Geneix A.
Published: November 2010

The ultrastructure of the different layers of the gingival epithelium was studied in the new-born cat. The main characteristics of the junctional complexes include numerous hemidesmosomes at the germinative layer, numerous desmosomes at the stratum spinosum with bundles of tonofilaments, few tight junctions, and large intercellular spaces.
Influences of Clinical Factors on Marginal Adaptation and Residual Mercury Content of Amalgam
Authors: Mathewson Richard J. , Lu K.H.
Published: November 2010

Clinical factors affecting residual mercury and marginal adaptations of amalgam restorations in a private practice environment were investigated. Findings, converted to ridit values, indicated that influencing factors are the training level of the dental assistants, type of amalgamator, accuracy of the timing device, and method of condensation.
Effect of Exogenous Lipid on Lipid Synthesis by Bone and Bone Cell Cultures
Authors: Schuster George S. , Dirksen Thomas R. , Harms William S.
Published: November 2010

Newborn rat calvaria and isolated calvaria cells are capable of de novo lipid synthesis when grown in the presence or absence of exogenous lipid sources. Synthesis decreases when exogenous lipids are supplied. Several cholesterol precursors were found in these tissues and the presence of dihydrocholesterol was established for the first time.
Inhibitory Spectrum of a Bacteriocinlike Substance (Mutacin) Produced by Some Strains of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Hamada Shigeyuki , Ooshima Takashi
Published: November 2010

Streptococcus mutans strains were surveyed to determine their lysogenicity. Growth inhibition of the indicator strains around the inoculum of stab culture of some S mutans strains was demonstrated. Many gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria and streptomycetes, were sensitive to the antibacterial activity.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cavity Margins Finished with Ultra-Speed Instruments
Authors: Leidal Torger Ingar , Tronstad Leif
Published: November 2010

The quality of the margins of the box portions of Class II cavities finished with rotating instruments at ultraspeed was assessed. In a closed row of teeth, an adequate finish was obtained at the embrasure margin where the burs rotated toward the tooth surface and into the cavity. The finish of the opposite embrasure margin and of the gingival margin was imperfect, regardless of the instrument used.
Parotid Saliva Enzymes in Down's Syndrome
Authors: Winer Richard A. , Chauncey Howard H.
Published: November 2010

The parotid saliva in persons with Down's syndrome was analyzed for three enzymes: acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, and amylase. The results have shown a statistically significant elevation of esterase activity in persons with Down's syndrome whereas no statistical differences were observed with the other enzymes. The current investigation has provided further insight into salivary gland metabolism and may have yielded some information pertaining to the genetic control of the processes regulating the electrolyte concentration of human saliva.
Effect of Sodium Phytate on the Chemical and Microbial Composition of Dental Plaque in the Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Cole M.F. , Bowen W.H.
Published: November 2010

The incorporation of 1 or 3% sodium phytate in confectioners sugar produced minimal changes in the physical, chemical, and microbial composition of dental plaque in tube-fed monkeys during a two-week period. Only a reduction in yeasts and lactobacilli could be ascribed to the presence of phytate. Other changes were attributable to the transition from conventional feeding to tube-feeding, irrespective of the presence or absence of phytate.
Enamel Demineralization by Snack Foods
Authors: Bibby B.G. , Mundorff S.A.
Published: November 2010

The amount of enamel destroyed by salivary fermentation of snack foods and confections was not dependent on their sugar content; starch, flavoring agents, and other components also played a part. Most enamel destruction was produced by fruit-flavored candies in which the inherent acid or high sugar concentration or both inhibited bacterial fermentation.
Demonstration of an Alloimmune Response to Embryonic Enamel Matrix Proteins
Authors: Schonfeld Steven E.
Published: November 2010

Young adult rabbits were immunized with enamel matrix proteins from embryonic tooth organs of the same strain of rabbit. These proteins elicited an alloimmune response as demonstrated by the specific binding of antiserum to enamel matrix which was visualized by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. The labial and lingual surfaces of embryonic incisor tooth organs were found to share common antigenic determinants. The observations suggest that enamel proteins could possibly be autoantigens.
Antimalarial Drugs and Reduced Incidence of Dental Plaque
Authors: Kinnamon Kenneth E. , Eckermann Edgar H. , Tempel Thomas R. , Smith James H. , Wolf Charles R.
Published: November 2010

Known antimalarial compounds from several chemical classes were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of microorganisms causing dental plaque and to prevent the development of plaque in a hamster model. Approximately a third of the compounds tested inhibited in vitro growth; however, none prevented development of plaque.
Formation of CaHPO4 · 2H2O from Enamel Mineral and Its Relationship to Caries Mechanism
Authors: Brown W.E. , Patel P.R. , Chow L.C.
Published: November 2010

Tooth enamel, when treated with dilute H3PO4 solutions, dissolved incongruently with formation of large CaHPO4 · 2HO2O crystals. Equilibrated solutions were saturated with respect to CaHPO4 · 2H2O, and a mineral more soluble than well-crystallized, synthetic Ca5(PO 4)3OH, probably an impure, defective apatite. The CaHPO 4·2H2O crystals formed at considerably higher pH values than expected because of enhanced solubility of the apatitic phase in enamel. Pyrolysis of carious enamel revealed the presence of acidic calcium phosphate presumed to be CaHPO4·2H2O.
Comparison of the Effects of Linear and Cyclic Phosphates on the Adsorption of Proteins by Human Enamel
Authors: Briscoe Joseph M. , Pruitt Kenneth M.
Published: November 2010

Treatment of human enamel powder with cyclic trimetaphosphate or linear tripolyphosphate changes subsequent adsorption of amylase, lysozyme, and salivary protein from aqueous solutions. Treated enamel samples adsorb more lysozyme, less amylase, and more salivary protein (at concentrations exceeding 12 μg/ml) than controls treated with distilled water.
Posteruptive Tooth Age in Children with Down's Syndrome and Their Sibs
Authors: Orner Gerald
Published: November 2010

The accumulated posteruptive tooth age was calculated for 212 children with Down's syndrome and 124 of their unaffected sibs. Posteruptive tooth age was shown to vary widely with different morphological permanent tooth types at the same chronological age. Girls in both groups had greater accumulated posteruptive tooth age than boys at each age. Sibs of both sexes generally exceeded the exposure experience of the children with Down's syndrome.
Dimethacrylate Monomers of Aromatic Diethers
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Antonucci J.M.
Published: November 2010

Crystalline aromatic diether methacrylates can be prepared from dihydric phenols or their bis(2-hydroxyethyl) derivatives by simple condensation procedures. Three solid isomers form a liquid ternary eutectic when mixed in suitable proportions.
Cytomegalovirus in the Submandibular and Sublingual Glands of the Southern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys torridus torridus)
Authors: Keis Adelbert F.R. , Mitchell Ormond G.
Published: November 2010

The infection observed within the submandibular and sublingual glands of the grasshopper mouse, Onychomys torridus torridus, is a cytoinegalovirus.
Occurrence of Haemophili in Dental Plaque and Their Association with Neuraminidase Activity
Authors: Tuyau J.E. , Sims W.
Published: November 2010

The mean concentration of haemophili in 31 specimens of Plaque was 1.23 X 106 per milligram or approximately 4.4% of the viable bacteria present. Occurrence of different species was similar to saliva with Haemophilus parainfluenzae constituting 87.8%. Most haemophili produced neuraminidase and appeared to be primarily responsible for the small amounts of this enzyme in plaque.
Impedance of Amalgam-Dentin Interface in Cat Tooth
Authors: Phi L.T. , Reid K.H.
Published: November 2010

The impedance between two amalgam electrodes implanted in the maxillary canine of a cat was measured at various frequencies between 0.02 kilohertz (kHz) and 100 kHz. When plotted on the X-R plane as a function of frequency, two types of impedance loci were obtained. One resembled a circular arc at low frequencies, whereas the other was parabolic or exponential in form. The circular-arc loci are similar to those calculated from membrane models. The parabolic or exponential loci are predicted by a polyelectrolyte model.
Variations of Palatal Dimensions in Patients with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Westerman Gary H. , Johnson Ronald , Cohen M. Michael
Published: November 2010

Palatal dimensions (width, depth, and height) of 40 patients with Down's syndrome were compared to 44 control patients. The height was measured with a specially designed palatal-height gauge. The palatal dimensions of patients with Down's syndrome were narrower in width, shorter in depth, and lower in height.
Localization of Bacteria on the Rat Tongue with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Brady John M. , Gray Walter A. , Lara-Garcia Wilfredo
Published: November 2010

Scanning microscopy of rat tongue showed that bacterial habitation of the tongue was almost completely localized to the middle third of the anterior surface of the filiform papillae. Transmission microscopy showed coccal forms attached to the surface of the epithelium by means of fibrillar strands and present up to four cell layers deep within the epithelium.
Failure of Rabbit Anti-Streptococcus mutans Serum to Penetrate In Vitro Plaque
Authors: Jenzano Joyce W. , Silverman Myron S. , Craivford James J.
Published: November 2010

An indirect fluorescent antibody technique indicated that specific antiserums did not penetrate in vitro Plaque formed by Streptococcus mutans. Specific reactions did occur between the antiserums and antigens in the surface layers of plaque globules. Measurements of plaque diameters indicated that the serums exerted a nonspecific effect of enhancing plaque growth.
Dentist's Ratings and Adolescents' Perceptions of Oral Health
Authors: Brunswick Ann F. , Nikias Mata
Published: November 2010

The extent to which adolescents' self-appraisals of dental status agree with the dentist's evaluation is analyzed. The dentist's evaluation was expressed in standard dental status indicators (DMF, OHI-S. Russell Index) and in a rating of overall status as "excellent," "good," "fair," "poor." The relationship between the adolescents' self-reported dental care practices and the dentist's evaluation is also examined.
Electromyographic Investigations of the Tongue and Circumoral Muscular Sling with Fine-Wire Electrodes
Authors: Vitti Mathias , Basmajian John V. , Ouellette P.L. , Mitchell D.L. , Eastman W.P. , Seaborn R.D.
Published: November 2010

The electromyograPhic (EMG) examination of 11 normal individuals in whom bipolar fine-wire indwelling electrodes were placed showed no EMG activity during rest periods and only very slight to slight activity during normal oral functions. During aberrant oral activity, such as thumb-sucking, the orbicularis oris and genioglossus muscles gave a marked EMG response and the buccinator muscles were slightly active. These findings may help explain the classical malocclusions seen in tongue-thrustets and thumb-suckers.