bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Acceptance to Dependence: Exploring Influences of Smart Healthcare on Continuous Use Intention of Mobile Health Services Among Older Adults with Chronic Illnesses in China
Authors: Luo Jiacheng , Zhang Kewei , Huang Qianghong , Jiang Shan , Pan Younghwan
Published: December 2024

With the acceleration of the aging process in China, chronic diseases have become one of the main health threats for older adults, creating significant pressure on society and the healthcare system. As information technology and artificial intelligence advance rapidly, smart health services have become readily accessible. However, utilization rates among the older adults, especially those with chronic illnesses, remain low, preventing them from fully benefiting from these advanced technologies. The value of mobile health (mHealth) services can only be realized through sustained use. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the continuous use intention of mHealth services from the perspective of older adults with chronic illnesses, integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Value-Based Adoption Model (VAM). A total of 372 questionnaires were collected from various cities in China, and data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that perceived ease of use (β = 0.155, p = 0.004; β = 0.116, p = 0.027) and perceived usefulness (β = 0.175, p = 0.001; β = 0.151, p = 0.004) have a significant positive impact on attitude and perceived value. Perceived enjoyment significantly influences attitude (β = 0.147, p = 0.010), while perceived risk (β = −0.189, p < 0.001; β = −0.281, p < 0.001) and perceived cost (β = −0.155, p = 0.003; β = −0.130, p = 0.022) have a significant negative impact on attitude and perceived value. Both attitude (β = 0.357, p < 0.001) and perceived value (β = 0.314, p < 0.001) positively impact continuous intention. In total, only one of the twelve hypotheses was not supported. This study not only provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of the integrated TAM and VAM model in the mHealth field but also offers theoretical insights and practical recommendations for product optimization and promotion to mHealth service providers and designers.
Driving Innovation to Support Pupils with SEND Through Co-Production in Education and Research: Participatory Action Research with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Families in England
Authors: Jayman Michelle , Edmonds Sophie , Gudbrandsen Maria
Published: December 2024

Children and young people (CYP) with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) comprise over 1.6 million pupils in classrooms in England. However, evidence suggests pupils’ learning and wellbeing needs are often missed or unmet and legislation designed to increase families’ decision-making in education provision has not been translated into practice. The current participatory action research study investigated the perceptions and experiences of a specific population of SEND pupils in mainstream schooling—CYP with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q). Participants included existing and previous mainstream pupils and their parents (n = 8 parent−CYP dyads). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and a hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis was conducted. Five superordinate themes were generated: minding the gaps in school support; my mental wellbeing story; power and influence; getting it wrong: failing CYP and families; and getting it right: from surviving to thriving. Findings provided authentic insights into the lived experiences of support for CYP with 22q which resonate with the wider SEND population. These findings can help to inform more inclusive practice in mainstream settings. An affirmative model which places SEND pupils and parents at the heart of meaningful reform is urgently needed in schools. Collaborative work among all key stakeholders is paramount to ensure that strategies are genuinely co-produced, co-owned and robustly evidence-based.
“Direct Me or Leave Me”: The Effect of Leadership Style on Stress and Self-Efficacy of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Milojević Stefan , Aleksić Vesna Stojanović , Slavković Marko
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the influence of leadership on the self-efficacy of healthcare professionals. Additionally, it seeks to explore whether stress mediates the relationship between leadership and self-efficacy. Specifically, our study is focused on both transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership, which are commonly practiced by healthcare professionals due to the settings of healthcare environments. This study utilized a structured questionnaire for measuring the leadership, stress, and self-efficacy of healthcare professionals. Data collection involved respondents rating these statements on a Likert scale. The sample consisted of 395 participants employed in healthcare organizations in Serbia. The analysis employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The research findings indicate that laissez-faire leadership is positively associated with stress, while no significant negative impact on self-efficacy was observed. Transactional leadership did not demonstrate a significant relationship with reduced stress but was found to positively influence self-efficacy. Moreover, stress was identified as negatively impacting self-efficacy and mediated the association between laissez-faire leadership and self-efficacy, although no mediating effect was found for transactional leadership. This study underscores the critical role of leadership style in shaping the well-being and self-efficacy of healthcare professionals. By understanding how different leadership approaches impact employee stress and job satisfaction, healthcare organizations can tailor their management practices to foster a supportive work environment and enhance overall performance. The results emphasize the need for leaders to balance organizational objectives with employee needs, demonstrating effective communication and adaptability to promote a positive workplace culture.
Musical Pitch Perception and Categorization in Listeners with No Musical Training Experience: Insights from Mandarin-Speaking Non-Musicians
Authors: Liang Jie , Zhang Fen , Liu Wenshu , Li Zilong , Yu Keke , Ding Yi , Wang Ruiming
Published: December 2024

Pitch is a fundamental element in music. While most previous studies on musical pitch have focused on musicians, our understanding of musical pitch perception in non-musicians is still limited. This study aimed to explore how Mandarin-speaking listeners who did not receive musical training perceive and categorize musical pitch. Two experiments were conducted in the study. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to discriminate musical tone pairs with different intervals. The results showed that the nearer apart the tones were, the more difficult it was to distinguish. Among adjacent note pairs at major 2nd pitch distance, the A4–B4 pair was perceived as the easiest to differentiate, while the C4–D4 pair was found to be the most difficult. In Experiment 2, participants completed a tone discrimination and identification task with the C4–D4 and A4–B4 musical tone continua as stimuli. The results revealed that the C4–D4 tone continuum elicited stronger categorical perception than the A4–B4 continuum, although the C4–D4 pair was previously found to be more difficult to distinguish in Experiment 1, suggesting a complex interaction between pitch perception and categorization processing. Together, these two experiments revealed the cognitive mechanism underlying musical pitch perception in ordinary populations and provided insights into future musical pitch training strategies.
Finite Element Analysis of T-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Short Columns with Stiffening Ribs Under Axial Compression
Authors: Yin Xiaosan , Yue Hongliang , Sun Yuzhou , Fu Guoyang , Li Jimin , Rahman Md. Mashiur
Published: December 2024

A new type of stiffening rib is proposed to improve the mechanical performance of T-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. A finite element model was established using the general-purpose commercial software ABAQUS 2022. After verification through comparison with experimental data, the developed finite element model was employed to numerically evaluate the performance of T-shaped CFST short columns with stiffening ribs under axial compression. The results indicated that the new stiffening ribs are capable of significantly reducing the buckling deformation of the steel tube, enhancing the confinement effect of the steel tube on the core concrete, and improving the combined performance of the steel tube and the concrete. The thickness and material strength of the stiffening ribs had a notable impact on the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of the short column specimens. When the thickness of the stiffening ribs increased from 5 mm to 8 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity correspondingly increased by 10.51% to 31.77%, while the ductility coefficient improved by 6.48% to 17.20%. When the steel strength increased from 262.50 MPa to 345 MPa and 390 MPa, the ultimate bearing capacity correspondingly increased by 17.36%, 19.78%, and 30.50%, and the ductility coefficient improved by 12%, 13.87% and 23.92%. The changes in the specifications and arrangement of the stiffening ribs had no significant effect on the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of the specimens. The change in angle steel specifications caused variations in ultimate bearing capacity within ±5% and variations in the ductility coefficient within ±10%. Changes in the arrangement caused variations in ultimate bearing capacity within ±1% and variations in the ductility coefficient within ±5%.
Metabolic-Modulating Effects of Radiation: Undetectable Yet Deadly—A Review on Radiotherapy
Authors: Fiorica Francesco , Tebano Umberto , Napoli Giuseppe , Franceschetto Antonella , Muraro Marco , Giorgi Carlotta , Pinton Paolo
Published: December 2024

From a cancer-centric perspective, radiotherapy has been primarily viewed as a localised treatment modality, targeting cancer tissues with ionising radiation to induce DNA damage and cell death [...]
The IL-23R and Its Genetic Variants: A Hitherto Unforeseen Bridge Between the Immune System and Cancer Development
Authors: Audia Salvatore , Brescia Carolina , Dattilo Vincenzo , Torchia Naomi , Trapasso Francesco , Amato Rosario
Published: December 2024

IL-23R (interleukin-23 receptor), found on the surface of several immune cells, plays a key role in the immune system. Indeed, this process is not limited to the inflammatory response but also plays a role in the adaptive immune response. The binding between IL-23R and its specific ligand, the interleukin 23, initiates a number of specific signals by modulating both properties and behavior of immune cells. In particular, it is critical for the regulation of T helper 17 cells (Th17). Th17s are a subset of T cells involved in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. The clinical relevance of IL-23R is underscored by its association with an elevated susceptibility or diminished vulnerability to a spectrum of diseases, including psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Evidence has emerged that suggests it may also serve to predict both tumor progression and therapeutic responsiveness. It is noteworthy that the IL-23/IL-23R pathway is emerging as a promising therapeutic target. A number of biologic drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies, are currently developing with the aim of blocking this interaction, thus reducing inflammation. This represents a significant advancement in the field of medicine, offering new hope for pursuing more effective and personalized treatments. Recent studies have also investigated the role of such a pathway in autoimmune diseases, and its potential impact on infections as well as in carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to focus on the role of IL-23R in immune genetics and its potential for modulating the natural history of neoplastic disease.
RuNi-Supported TiO2-Modified MgAl2O4 Catalyst for CO Selective Methanation in Hydrogen-Rich Gas
Authors: Su Qin , Dong Xinfa
Published: December 2024

CO selective methanation is regarded as an efficient technological solution for hydrogen-rich gas purification in fuel cells. In this study, a series of bimetallic catalysts (Ru-Ni/xTiO2-MgAl2O4) were synthesized by impregnation method after surface modification of MgAl2O4 supports with different contents of TiO2. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR, CO-TPD, NH3-TPD, and XPS. The Ru-Ni/10TiO2-MgAl2O4 exhibited excellent CO-SMET performance, removing the CO in the H2-rich gas to less than 10 ppm with the selectivity above 50% in a temperature window range of 210–280 °C. The results showed that the TiO2-modified MgAl2O4 support not only improved the interaction between metal and support, and promoted the dispersion of active component nanoparticles on the support, but also introduced oxygen vacancies or defects in the catalyst and enhanced the acidity, resulting in better catalytic activity and stability.
Graphite Carbon Nitride Accelerating Interfacial Electron Transfer of Defect-Rich TiO2 for N2 Photofixation
Authors: Zhu Jun , Li Kai , Liu Nianhua , Xu Qing , Ji Mengxia
Published: December 2024

The photocatalytic N2 fixation reaction still faces high N2 activation energy barriers and inefficient electron transfer efficiency, limiting the overall ammonia yield of semiconductors. This communication reports on the construction of an organic/inorganic g-C3N4/oxygen vacancy-enriched TiO2 (g-C3N4/TiO2-OV) composite system via the annealing treatment in an H2/Ar mixed atmosphere for enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation activity. After illumination for 4 h, g-C3N4/TiO2-OV with 1 wt% g-C3N4 loading demonstrates the optimal ammonia yield of 31.6 μmol L−1. This study demonstrates the existence of oxygen vacancies on the TiO2 surface through EPR while also investigating the carrier separation and transport efficiency of the material using photoelectric characterization. The experimental results indicate that the introduction of OVs into TiO2 serves as Lewis acid sites, facilitating N2 adsorption. Moreover, the lower onset potential and higher current density of g-C3N4/TiO2-OV composites indicate that the construction of the heterojunction composite significantly decreases the interfacial charge recombination and N2 activation energy barrier, effectively improving the ammonia yield towards N2 photo-reduction. This work emphasizes the importance of rational tailoring of TiO2-based photocatalysts in the field of N2 fixation.
SiO2@Fe(III)-Based Metal–Organic Framework Core–Shell Microspheres for Water-Purification-Based Photo-Fenton Processes
Authors: Liu Kaihong , Zhu Yuanli , Cheng Tanyu , Liu Guohua , Tan Chunxia
Published: December 2024

In this study, SiO2@MIL-88A(Fe) core–shell microspheres were successfully synthesized through a simple immobilization method for dye degradation via an MIL-88A(Fe)-mediated Fenton-like process. These microspheres were fabricated by in situ immobilizing MIL-88A(Fe) onto mesoporous organosilane spheres functionalized with -COOH groups. Structural analyses and characterizations confirmed the formation of well-defined MOF particles anchored on the silicate microspheres, with electron microscopy verifying their porous core–shell structure. The newly developed core–shell materials achieved a high degree of dye degradation, reaching up to 96% for 10 mg/L dye solutions in neutral aqueous conditions within 30 min at room temperature through the Fenton-like process. Furthermore, SiO2@MIL-88A(Fe) exhibited excellent stability and recyclability, maintaining its performance over at least seven reuse cycles with minimal loss of activity. This material is easy to synthesize as well as cost-effective and demonstrates significant potential for wastewater purification involving a range of four different dyes.
A Long-Term Stability Study of Co-Pc-Modified Nanosilver for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Su Fa-Cheng , Lu Yu-Hsiu , Prapainainar Paweena , Yang Hsiharng
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the modification of nanosilver (Ag) by Co-Pc (phthal–cyanine) and the synergistic effect of Ag-Co/CNT (carbon nanotube) for the long-term stability of AEMFCs (anion exchange membrane fuel cells). This study also aimed to use non-precious metal catalysts on both the cathode and anode to reduce the catalyst costs. Through a simple and efficient chemical synthesis method, a composite catalyst consisting of Co-Pc-modified Ag/CNT was successfully prepared and characterized for its structure and composition. Co-Pc and Ag were chosen for their high durability and catalytic activity in fuel cells, combined with a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a carrier for the cathode catalyst, and the anode catalyst used Pd-CeO2/C. The performance of the cell module was tested based on a commercial anion exchange membrane (X37-50RT). The experiment focused on different synthesis times and ratios of catalyst and ionomer, observing the enhancement in Co on the active sites of Ag/CNT. Finally, the cell performance was tested for the optimal loading amount. It was observed that when the loading of the nanosilver–cobalt/carbon nanotube (Ag-Co/CNT) is 1 mg/cm2, the highest power density is 434.1 mW/cm2. Through 100 cycles of testing, only an 18% decrease was observed, while the decrease in open circuit voltage was approximately 4.6%. Compared to nanosilver (Ag/CNT), the Co-Pc-modified nano-Ag with the degradation rate has significantly slowed down, and its catalytic activity has also improved significantly. The enhanced stability of this synergistic effect is mainly attributed to the introduction of cobalt metal, which prevents excessive fusion of nano-Ag particles and surface oxidation, effectively maintaining durability in catalytic activity.
Induction of SUSD2 by STAT3 Activation Is Associated with Tumor Recurrence in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Jeong Yisun , Kim Hyungjoo , You Daeun , Cho Soo Youn , Yoon Sun Young , Kim Seok Won , Nam Seok Jin , Lee Jeong Eon , Kim Sangmin
Published: December 2024

Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2), a transmembrane protein containing a sushi motif, has been reported to have tumor-promoting functions in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of SUSD2 and its function in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer have not been fully identified as yet. In this study, we explored the potential of targeting SUSD2 to overcome trastuzumab (TRZ) resistance in HER2+ breast cancer. SUSD2 expression was found to be significantly increased in HER2-overexpressing cells. Endogenous SUSD2 expression was observed in HER2+ breast cancer cells but not in estrogen receptor-positive or triple-negative breast cancer cells. We also found that SUSD2 expression was positively correlated with HER2 expression in a publicly available human primary breast cancer dataset. Although SUSD2 expression was associated with HER2, its expression levels were not affected by TRZ. Through kinase array experiments, we found that SUSD2 expression was modulated downstream of STAT3-dependent signaling in breast cancer cells overexpressing HER2. STAT3 activity was increased in EGFR+ HER2+ breast cancer cells compared to EGFR+ cells. Furthermore, we observed that SUSD2 expression was decreased by C188-9, a STAT3-specific inhibitor. Finally, we analyzed the association between patient survival and SUSD2 expression in breast cancer. Our results showed that SUSD2 expression had a negative correlation with the relapse-free survival of patients with EGFR+ HER2+ breast cancer when compared to EGFR+ breast cancer patients. Collectively, our results demonstrate that SUSD2 expression is mediated by STAT3 and imply the potential of using SUSD2 as a biomarker to stratify HER2+ breast cancer.
Modeling Musculoskeletal Disorders in Zebrafish: Advancements in Muscle and Bone Research
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Luca , Braggio Michele , Minoia Arianna , Cominacini Mattia , Romanelli Maria Grazia , Pessoa João , Tiso Natascia , Valenti Maria Teresa
Published: December 2024

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a valuable model organism for investigating musculoskeletal development and the pathophysiology of associated diseases. Key genes and biological processes in zebrafish that closely mirror those in humans, rapid development, and transparent embryos make zebrafish ideal for the in vivo studies of bone and muscle formation, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders. This review focuses on the utility of zebrafish in modeling various musculoskeletal conditions, with an emphasis on bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta, as well as muscle disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These models have provided significant insights into the molecular pathways involved in these diseases, helping to identify the key genetic and biochemical factors that contribute to their progression. These findings have also advanced our understanding of disease mechanisms and facilitated the development of potential therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal disorders.
Expression and Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signalling in Acute Lung Inflammation
Authors: Lotsios Nikolaos S. , Keskinidou Chrysi , Karagiannis Sotirios P. , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Vassiliou Alice G.
Published: December 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central regulators of gene expression in response to oxygen deprivation, a common feature in critical illnesses. The significant burden that critical illnesses place on global healthcare systems highlights the need for a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms and the development of innovative treatment strategies. Among critical illnesses, impaired lung function is frequently linked to hypoxic conditions. This review focuses on the expression and regulation of HIF signalling in experimental models of acute lung injury (ALI) and clinical studies in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We explore the potential dual role of HIF signalling in acute lung inflammation. Furthermore, its role in key biological processes and its potential prognostic significance in clinical scenarios are discussed. Finally, we explore recent pharmacological advancements targeting HIF signalling, which have emerged as promising alternatives to existing therapeutic approaches, potentially enabling more effective management strategies.
Human Herpesviruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Di Spirito Federica , Pisano Massimo , Caggiano Mario , De Benedetto Giuseppina , Di Palo Maria Pia , Franci Gianluigi , Amato Massimo
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This systematic review assesses and compares the presence and relative abundance of periodontal pathogens, human herpesviruses (HHVs), and fungi in subgingival and/or saliva samples from pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age) with periodontally healthy status and with gingivitis and/or periodontitis. Methods: The study protocol was conducted under the PRISMA statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024593007). Data from seven studies were descriptively analyzed and qualitatively assessed through the ROBINS-1 and JBI tools. Results: Pediatric subjects with clinically healthy periodontium exhibited a balanced microbiome, with early colonizers (Streptococcus species) supporting biofilm development and late colonizers like Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola (82.35%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (29.7%) present at low levels, suggesting subclinical dysbiosis. Viruses such as HSV-I (100%), CMV (17.8%), and EBV-I (22.09%) coexisted in a likely latent state, maintained by effective immune responses. In pediatric periodontitis, biofilms were more diverse and pathogenic, with increased prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (56.09%), P. gingivalis (55.4%), and T. forsythia (35.9%). Generalized periodontitis showed higher CMV (36.36%) and EBV-I (36.24%) prevalence than gingivitis (HSV-I 18.75%). Coinfections were frequent in periodontitis, suggesting bacterial–viral synergy in exacerbating inflammation and tissue destruction. Fungi, although not studied, may also contribute under specific conditions. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease progression.
Transcriptional Profiling of Testis Development in Pre-Sexually-Mature Hezuo Pig
Authors: Yan Zunqiang , Yang Qiaoli , Wang Pengfei , Gun Shuangbao
Published: December 2024

Spermatogenesis is an advanced biological process, relying on intricate interactions between somatic and germ cells in testes. Investigating various cell types is challenging because of cellular heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a method to analyze cellular heterogeneity. In this research, we performed 10× Genomics scRNA-seq to conduct an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis in Hezuo pig (HZP) testis at one month of age during prepuberty. We collected 14,276 cells and identified 8 cell types (including 2 germ cells types and 6 somatic cell types). Pseudo-timing analysis demonstrated that Leydig cells (LCs) and myoid cells (MCs) originated from a shared progenitor cell lineage. Moreover, the functional enrichment analyses showed that the genes of differential expression were enriched in spermatogonia (SPG) and were enriched in the cell cycle, reproduction, and spermatogenesis. Expressed genes in spermatocytes (SPCs) were enriched in the cAMP, cell cycle, male gamete generation, reproductive system development, and sexual reproduction, while growth hormone synthesis, gamete generation, reproductive process, and spermine synthase activity were enriched in Sertoli cells (SCs). Additionally, chemokine, B cell receptor, activation of immune response, and enzyme binding were enriched in macrophages. Our study investigated transcriptional alterations across different cell types during spermatogenesis, yielding new understandings of spermatogenic processes and cell development. This research delivers an exploration of spermatogenesis and testicular cell biology in HZP, establishing the groundwork for upcoming breeding initiatives.
Cerebrovascular Accidents After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Chan Steffi K. , Buitrago Blanco Manuel M. , Feduska Nicholas J. , Agopian Vatche G. , Ebaid Samer S. , Wang Tisha , Tamhaney Ami , Barjaktarevic Igor
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), defined by the presence of pulmonary vascular dilatations that cause right-to-left transpulmonary shunting of venous blood with a consequential increase in the alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient, is a relatively frequent complication of chronic liver disease. While orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is indicated and often curative in HPS patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), little is known about the peri- and post-operative-period risks of CVA in OLT recipients with HPS. Case Presentation: We report a case series of five non-consecutive OLT recipients with HPS who developed ischemic and/or hemorrhagic CVAs during or shortly after OLT, raising concern that the risks of neurological complications remain increased even after OLT. Conclusions: Our case series hopes to highlight the importance of close vigilance in this subset of patients, at a time when there may be multiple issues to be addressed in facilitating post-operative recovery.
Pedicled Radial Forearm “Free” Flap for Intraoral Reconstruction Based on an Unexpectedly High Origin of the Radial Artery—Case Report
Authors: Lupi-Ferandin Marino , Martinovic Dinko , Pojatina Ante , Mihovilovic Ante , Puizina Ema , Ercegovic Sasa , Stula Ivana , Bozic Josko , Lupi-Ferandin Slaven
Published: December 2024

Background: Radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is considered one of the workhorses in modern head and neck reconstruction surgery due to its technical simplicity, versatility and less time-consuming harvest. Methods: In this report, we present the case of a 56-year-old woman with sublingual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who underwent surgical resection and reconstruction of the defect with a RFFF. Results: The preoperative Allen test showed normal blood flow, and the ultrasound did not recognize any blood vessel abnormalities in the left arm. However, during the RFFF harvest, when the dissection of the pedicle came to the cubital fossa, there was no brachial artery bifurcation. While trying to find the bifurcation, the dissection almost came to the axillary region. Hence, the RFFF was converted to a pedicle flap and was pulled through to the intraoral defect where it was used for reconstruction. Conclusions: Hence, during the preoperative radiological ultrasound, besides the usual characteristics such as the radial artery diameter, flow and possible obstructions, it is also important to explore if there are any other anatomical abnormalities that could influence the operation.
Preparation of Corncob Biochar Film and Its Efficiency in Removing Cr(VI) in Wastewater
Authors: Zuo Jinlong , Jiang Shan , Yang Tianyi , Li Junsheng , Xia Zhi , Wang Yuyang , Tan Chong
Published: December 2024

With the advancement of China’s agricultural modernization and scientific and technological progress, there has been a substantial increase in corn production, resulting in significant agricultural waste of materials such as corncobs. Conventional incineration methods fail to efficiently utilize the recyclable resources present in corncobs. In this investigation, corncob biochar film (CBC) was synthesized through the pyrolysis of corncob. Single-factor and orthogonal experiments were used to determine the conditions needed to prepare biochar film with the best Cr(VI) adsorption effect. The experiments showed that at a heating rate of 5 °C/min, pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C and pyrolysis time of 120 min, the Cr(VI) removal rate of prepared biochar film reached 73.55% and the adsorption capacity was 18.39 mg/g. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the removal of Cr(VI), including pH value, initial concentration of Cr(VI) solution, dosage of adsorbent, adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption, were analyzed in detail. The structures of CBC before and after Cr(VI) adsorption were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, and BET. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of corncob biochar film in Cr(VI) removal.
A Hybrid Model for Soybean Yield Prediction Integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Graph Convolutional Networks
Authors: Ingole Vikram S. , Kshirsagar Ujwala A. , Singh Vikash , Yadav Manish Varun , Krishna Bipin , Kumar Roshan
Published: December 2024

Soybean yield prediction is one of the most critical activities for increasing agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Traditional models often underestimate yields because of limitations associated with single data sources and simplistic model architectures. These prevent complex, multifaceted factors influencing crop growth and yield from being captured. In this line, this work fuses multi-source data—satellite imagery, weather data, and soil properties—through the approach of multi-modal fusion using Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks. While satellite imagery provides information on spatial data regarding crop health, weather data provides temporal insights, and the soil properties provide important fertility information. Fusing these heterogeneous data sources embeds an overall understanding of yield-determining factors in the model, decreasing the RMSE by 15% and improving R2 by 20% over single-source models. We further push the frontier of feature engineering by using Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to capture time series trends, geographic and topological information, and pest/disease incidence. TCNs can capture long-range temporal dependencies well, while the GCN model has complex spatial relationships and enhanced the features for making yield predictions. This increases the prediction accuracy by 10% and boosts the F1 score for low-yield area identification by 5%. Additionally, we introduce other improved model architectures: a custom UNet with attention mechanisms, Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs), and Variational Auto-encoders. The attention mechanism enables more effective spatial feature encoding by focusing on critical image regions, while the HGNN captures interaction patterns that are complex between diverse data types. Finally, VAEs can generate robust feature representation. Such state-of-the-art architectures could then achieve an MAE improvement of 12%, while R2 for yield prediction improves by 25%. In this paper, the state of the art in yield prediction has been advanced due to the employment of multi-source data fusion, sophisticated feature engineering, and advanced neural network architectures. This provides a more accurate and reliable soybean yield forecast. Thus, the fusion of Convolutional Neural Networks with Recurrent Neural Networks and Graph Networks enhances the efficiency of the detection process.
Reversible Data Hiding in Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes via Arithmetical and Logical Differential Coding
Authors: Chang Ching-Chun , Lin Yijie , Liu Jui-Chuan , Chang Chin-Chen
Published: December 2024

To reduce bandwidth usage in communications, absolute moment block truncation coding is employed to compress cover images. Confidential data are embedded into compressed images using reversible data-hiding technology for purposes such as image management, annotation, or authentication. As data size increases, enhancing embedding capacity becomes essential to accommodate larger volumes of secret data without compromising image quality or reversibility. Instead of using conventional absolute moment block truncation coding to encode each image block, this work proposes an effective reversible data-hiding scheme that enhances the embedding results by utilizing the traditional set of values: a bitmap, a high value, and a low value. In addition to the traditional set of values, a value is calculated using arithmetical differential coding and may be used for embedding. A process involving joint neighborhood coding and logical differential coding is applied to conceal the secret data in two of the three value tables, depending on the embedding capacity evaluation. An indicator is recorded to specify which two values are involved in the embedding process. The embedded secret data can be correctly extracted using a corresponding two-stage extraction process based on the indicator. To defeat the state-of-the-art scheme, bitmaps are also used as carriers in our scheme yet are compacted even more with Huffman coding. To reconstruct the original image, the low and high values of each block are reconstructed after data extraction. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme typically achieves an embedding rate exceeding 30%, surpassing the latest research by more than 2%. Our scheme reaches outstanding embedding rates while allowing the image to be perfectly restored to its original absolute moment block truncation coding form.
Photoinduced Interactions in Thin Films of Azo Dyes and Planar-Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Kudreyko Aleksey , Chigrinov Vladimir , Perestoronina Arina
Published: December 2024

Properties of surface anchoring depend on the absorbed exposure energy and various potential interactions associated with liquid crystal and azo dye layers. In this study, we investigate a model of dispersion, steric and photoinduced interactions with the goal of providing a qualitative and quantitative description of orientationally ordered hard uniaxial liquid crystals and azo dye molecules. By using the Onsager theory, we estimated the effect of excluded volume. Typical repulsive potentials between liquid crystal and azo dye molecules are displayed graphically. The presence of statistical dispersion in molecular alignment of liquid crystals leads to potential wells in dipole–dipole interactions. Our mean field theory investigation of dipole–dipole interactions shows that the anchoring free energy is governed by the net interaction energy associated with the averaged dipole moments of liquid crystal and azo dye molecules, photoaligned surface dipole moments, and local charge densities. We also use the Fokker–Planck equation to show that rotational diffusion is described by the effective mean field potential, which includes photoinduced and van der Waals interactions. Our findings underscore the potential of mean field theory for intermolecular couplings in photoaligned surfaces, opening up new pathways of molecular design for a broad range of parameters.
Graph-Based Data Analysis for Building Chemistry–Phase Design Rules for High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Broderick Scott R. , Giles Stephen A. , Sengupta Debasis , Rajan Krishna
Published: December 2024

The number and types of phases formed in high entropy alloys (HEAs) have significant impacts on the mechanical properties. While various machine learning approaches were developed for predicting whether an HEA is single or multiphase, changes in chemistry and/or composition can lead to other changes across length scales, which affect material performance. To address this challenge, we introduce a graph-based approach, which captures the similarity of alloys across these length scales, and which defines design pathways for the chemical modifications of alloys. Our network defines different regimes of alloys and therefore allows one to design within the same material regime. This approach, which also provides a new genre of HEA phase diagrams, enhances the design of alloys through control of the phase(s) present while maintaining other relevant alloy properties.
Dielectric Temperature Stability and Enhanced Energy-Storage Performance of Sr0.4Ba0.6(Zr0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)2O6 High-Entropy Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Li Ziao , Yang Shiqiang , Mao Pu , Kang Ruirui
Published: December 2024

In this research, we employed a high-entropy approach in tungsten-bronze-structured ferroelectric ceramics, preparing Sr0.4Ba0.6(Zr0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)2 (denoted as SBN40-H) ceramics through the traditional solid-state reaction technique. By utilizing the high-entropy approach, the resulting SBN40-H ceramics demonstrated extremely fine grains, averaging 0.58 μm in size. Furthermore, these ceramics possessed a high bandgap of 3.35 eV, which, when combined with the small grain size, contributed to a remarkable breakdown strength of 570.01 kV/cm. The dielectric characteristics demonstrated typical relaxation behavior and outstanding temperature stability, with a capacitance temperature coefficient (TCC) of less than 5% within the temperature range of 111–317 °C. Additionally, the SBN40-H ceramics exhibit slim P–E loops with negligible hysteresis, which is considered to be related to the existence of weakly coupled relaxors. This results in exceptional overall energy-storage properties in the SBN40-H ceramics, exhibiting a notable recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 2.68 J/cm3 and an efficiency (η) of 93.7% at 390 kV/cm, and finally achieving a remarkable temperature stability in terms of energy-storage performance with variations in Wrec and η being less than 3.5% and 4.4% from 25 to 150 °C. It is worth noting that the high-entropy approach is highly effective in reducing grain size, increasing the breakdown field strength and enhancing the dielectric temperature stability of tungsten-bronze-structured ferroelectric ceramics.
Theoretical Studies on the Design of Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c’]bis[1,2,5]selenadiazole Acceptor-Based Organic Dyes
Authors: Dorlus Taylor , Wang Jing , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: December 2024

π-conjugated organic material, specifically, the modification of donor acceptor-based dyes, has gained significant attention over the years for its outstanding performance in efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as well as contributing to overall economically sustainable solar cell technology. In the present study, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches were executed to investigate the impact of benzobisselenadiazole (BBSD) based organic dyes with interchangeable donor and acceptor units on their optical properties. Two spacers were selected from 27 π-linker models due to their better performance on the absorption spectra. A total of 200 BSSD dyes were designed based upon the above two selected spacers linking with various donors and acceptors. The corresponding structures and properties were theoretically analyzed by DFT/TDDFT methods. D10A8-16 and D10A6-17 show the best performance and may become the best candidates to be developed as efficient dye sensitizers for DSSCs. Our results showed that structural changes can effectively improve the optoelectronic properties of the designed BSSD dyes. This provides us with an economic and fast screening way for artificial design of new dyes.
Small Surface Fatigue Crack Behaviors of Cr-Mo Steel AISI4137
Authors: Nahm Seung-Hoon , Jeon Sang-Koo , Kim Dong-Kyun , Suh Min-Soo , Suh Chang-Min
Published: December 2024

Costs are increasing due to the addition of alloying elements such as V, W, and Mo to prevent damage to Cr-Mo steel for fastening bolts, but field tests have shown that it is not an appropriate solution for improving physical properties through heat treatment. In this study, the characteristics of fatigue cracks using Cr-Mo steel for fastening bolts before and after UNSM (ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification) treatment were studied using fracture mechanics and fracture analysis methods. Specifically, using untreated and UNSM-treated materials: (1) the characteristics of small surface fatigue cracks existing on the surface, and (2) the surface fatigue cracks in the depth direction were observed and analyzed. The microstructure of Cr-Mo steel was refined by severe plastic deformation (SPD) from the surface to a depth of about 100 μm according to the static load of UNSM, and the fatigue limit increased by 30% as a large compressive residual stress was formed. Additionally, like the untreated materials, fisheye cracks did not occur in UNSM-treated materials, even when inclusions were present, and all specimens fractured while forming surface cracks. Accordingly, one or more of the multiple small surface fatigue cracks (MSFC) grew and developed into a major crack that determines the fatigue life, and a major ridge was formed among the many micro-ridges in the internal direction. In other words, this major crack grew and developed a major ridge in the internal direction, determining the lifespan of the test specimen.
Plant Trait Composition in Lowland Calcareous and Acidic Semi-Dry Grasslands
Authors: Škornik Sonja
Published: December 2024

European semi-dry grasslands are habitats of high conservation value. Therefore, research into the mechanisms of community assembly is important for their effective management. Using data from 76 vegetation plots of calcareous and acidic semi-dry grasslands in continental Slovenia, the author analysed the composition of plant traits, focusing on less studied belowground traits. Community-weighted means were calculated for nine plant functional traits: life form, growth form, clonal growth organ (CGO) type, persistence of connection in CGO, number of clonal offspring shoots, lateral spreading distance, role of CGO, bud bank, CSR strategy. The results showed that both grassland communities were characterized by high local persistence (perennial plants with long-lived connections between ramets). Acidic grasslands had more species with rosettes, rhizomes and stress-tolerators, indicating more stressful conditions, probably due to low pH. Mesic grassland species with numerous stolons and longer lateral spread were also characteristic of acidic grasslands. Calcareous grasslands hosted more competitors, plants with leafy stems and plants with perennial main roots. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of grassland processes and provides a basis for future investigations of belowground plant traits and their function.
Frugivory and Seed Dispersal of the Threatened Cactus Browningia candelaris in the Vicinity of a Mining Site in the Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Humaña Ana María , Valdivia Carlos E.
Published: December 2024

Mining is an indispensable activity that threatens biodiversity globally. However, assessments of key ecological processes for the maintenance of plants threatened by mining, such as the effectiveness of frugivory and seed dispersal, are almost non-existent. We evaluated the effectiveness of fruit and seed dispersal in the threatened cactus Browningia candelaris at two different sites: one distant and one close to a mining company currently in operation. Unfortunately, in the study area, B. candelaris is only present in the two evaluated sites, which makes it impossible to have replications for the distant and nearby sites. With this caveat in mind, we evaluated the different parameters of dispersal effectiveness by comparing both sites, far and close to the copper mine. Fruit abundance was significantly higher near the mine. By contrast, animal richness was lower near the mine. However, animal visitation rates for consumption of immature and mature fruits did not differ significantly between sites. Of the 15 animals observed, only four consumed and defecated live seeds: the fox Lycalopex culpaeus, the lizard Microlophus theresioides, and the mouse Octodontomys gliroides and Phyllotis xantopygus. Seed dispersal effectiveness was higher near the mine, but extremely low at both sites. In fact, population recruitment of new cacti was null at both sites, near and far from the mine, due to the scarcity of water in the environment. This is probably due to the increasing aridity of the Atacama Desert due to global warming. Therefore, new studies to assess synergies between potential local threats, such as mining operations, and global threats, such as global warming, are essential to carry out relevant conservation actions on endangered species such as cacti.
The Role of Lung Ultrasound Scan in Different Heart Failure Scenarios: Current Applications and Lacks of Evidences
Authors: Campora Alessandro , Beltrami Matteo , Di Renzo Anita , Petrini Alessia , Palazzuoli Alberto
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary congestion is a critical factor influencing the clinical presentation, therapeutic decisions, and outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) offers a simple, rapid, and accurate method for assessing pulmonary congestion, surpassing the diagnostic capabilities of traditional clinical evaluation and chest radiography. Due to the wide availability of ultrasound equipment, congestion can be evaluated in multiple settings, ranging from emergency departments to intensive care units, including outpatient settings. A combined cardiopulmonary imaging approach, integrating LUS with other imaging modalities, enhances congestion assessment in both acute and chronic HF. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights for HF management and risk stratification. However, optimizing the utilization of LUS remains a challenge, as standardized imaging protocols and B-line thresholds may vary across different clinical scenarios and HF phenotypes. Despite the widespread use of LUS in various HF settings, physician adoption and interpretation of LUS findings remain suboptimal. This review aims to provide a practical and clinical overview of LUS in HF, guiding clinicians towards the correct application and interpretation of this valuable tool in diverse HF contexts.