bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment and selection criteria for acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Mironkov A.B. , Pryamikov A.D. , Rautbart S.A. , Khripun A.I.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To demonstrate the results of endovascular intervention in patients with acute arterial mesenteric ischemia, while observing the indications developed in the clinic. Material and methods. In total, endovascular approach in the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia were used in 49 patients in the clinic. In compliance with the developed indications and criteria, endovascular intestinal revascularization was performed in 27 patients. Various endovascular intervention techniques were used (aspiration, balloon dilation, artery stenting and their combinations). Extracorporeal filtration techniques were used as a treatment for reperfusion syndrome after intestinal revascularization in 10 patients. Results. Angiographic success in the form of complete restoration of the main blood flow in the basin of the superior mesenteric artery and its large branches was obtained in 85% of cases. Intestinal viability was preserved in 15 (56%) patients. After successful endovascular surgery, intestinal necrosis was diagnosed on laparoscopy in the remaining 12 (44%) patients, which required extensive (n=2) or non-extensive (n=10) resection. Postoperative mortality was 48% (13 patients). Conclusion. Endovascular surgery in acute mesenteric ischemia is an effective method of intestinal revascularization. To optimize the indications for these interventions, it is necessary to gain experience and conduct large-scale studies.
The distinctions and the value of physician-scientists: a call for sustained support and nourishment
Authors: Andrade Bruno Bezerril
Published: February 2025

CONTEXT: Physician-scientists occupy a unique and critical position at the intersection of clinical practice and scientific research, yet they are becoming increasingly rare due to systemic challenges, including time constraints, financial disincentives, and insufficient institutional support. This article explores the conceptual and historical differences between physicians, researchers, scientists, and physician-scientists, highlighting their distinct contributions to global health, policy-making, and medical innovation. Historical examples, such as Robert Koch and Virchow Rudolf, exemplify the transformative impact of physician-scientists in advancing medicine. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) presents new opportunities and challenges for these professionals, as AI can enhance their dual roles in research and patient care. CONCEPTUALIZATION: However, to sustain and grow the physician-scientist workforce, significant changes are needed, including better financial incentives, protected research time, and stronger mentorship programs. Without such support, the future of medical innovation and global health may be jeopardized. This article advocates for a renewed focus on cultivating physician-scientists, emphasizing their indispensable role in bridging the gap between bench and bedside, and ensuring that scientific discoveries translate into tangible improvements in human health and well-being.
Multi-omics reveals that ST6GAL1 promotes colorectal cancer progression through LGALS3BP sialylation
Authors: Shi Yuanchao , Pan Zhenzhong , Duan Jingwei , Wang Zexing , Fang Yiliang , Tang Bo , Guan Quanlin
Published: February 2025

ST6 β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), a crucial enzyme for tumor-associated sialic acid modification, has been reported to positively correlate with colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To elucidate the protumor mechanisms of ST6GAL1, we performed transcriptomic and N-glycoproteomic analyses and in vitro assays. We found that ST6GAL1 was significantly upregulated in tumor samples than in matched normal samples by analyzing fresh clinical samples from public databases (mean mRNA expression level: tumor vs. normal samples = 0.002712:0.000966, P < 0.05, n = 22). The in vitro results revealed that ST6GAL1 overexpression promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance, which were significantly blocked by its knockdown. Transcriptomic data showed that many genes related to the four modules (proliferation/cell cycle, migration, motility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated after ST6GAL1 overexpression but downregulated after ST6GAL1 knockdown. Furthermore, the N-glycoproteome data revealed that 25 substrates that were sialylated upon ST6GAL1 overexpression were related to protumor activity. Importantly, we found that knockdown of lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3-binding protein (LGALS3BP), a newly identified secreted substrate of ST6GAL1, significantly blocked the proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of CRC cells induced by ST6GAL1 overexpression. Treatment with sialidases (neuraminidases, NAs) also blocked the protumor activity of ST6GAL1. Thus, ST6GAL1-induced increased sialylation of substrates, such as LGALS3BP and upregulation of protumor genes promote CRC tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, which provides important perspectives and new targets for the treatment of CRC.
Virological Water Quality
Authors: Sahar Abd Al-Daim
Published: February 2025

Water is one of the most important environmental elements for all living creatures on earth. Attention to water quality is essential to maintaining ecosystems and life; consideration for this issue has increased on a global scale. Wastewater has a significant impact on public health because it reflects society’s progress. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) has become a popular surveillance technique, especially in regions that are more vulnerable, for early outbreak detection, trend tracking of infectious diseases, and real-time insights. WBE provides a thorough insight into community health and lifestyle behaviors by assisting in the tracking of pathogens, including viruses, in sewage and recreational water. Monitoring viral infections at the community level requires the use of WBE, which acts as supplemental surveillance. Nonetheless, there exists an unexplored possibility for WBE to broaden its function in monitoring public health. In order to understand the connection between viral surveillance in wastewater and public health, this study highlights the significance of drinking water safety regulations and WBE, emphasizing the necessity for its further integration into public health management, and summarizes the waterborne viruses that cause health risks to public health, and their pathogenicity. We can conclude that we must search for viral indicators and we must include a virological method in guidelines of water quality in order to protect public health.
A thematic analysis of examiners’ questions in master’s students’ thesis oral examination
Authors: Widyantoro Agus , Mukminatun Siti , Nurharjanto Asfar Arif , Permatasari Indah
Published: February 2025

Oral examinations in higher education context have been an under-explored genre in academic discourse since it is not easily accessible for public, rendering a complexity in understanding examiners’ expectations during the exam. Having adequate repertoire of the examiners’ questions among the students being assessed can lead to successful oral defense without exception among Master’s students. Hence, this research aims to explore the typical questions asked by the examiners during Master’s students’ thesis oral examination. Seventeen recorded oral examination videos involving four examiners in the Indonesian higher education context were collected with the consent from the participants involved in the videos. They were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach to explore the types of examiners’ questions. The findings demonstrate that there were five main categories of questions typically posed by the examiners in order from the most frequently appeared to the least one: (1) questions clarifying specific points in the thesis report or presentation, (2) questions related to the linkage between research method and findings, (3) questions related to the review of literature, (4) general preliminary questions, and (5) questions regarding the process of recruiting or selecting research participants. Questions revealed in each category also represent a particular purpose during the examination process. The results can be used as a reference for graduate students in preparing their oral defense.
A stance-taking study of wkwk as laughter in WhatsApp-based Indonesian-speaking youth conversation
Authors: Widyatmoko Edelleit Rose , Kushartanti Bernadette
Published: February 2025

Laughter, often overlooked as a mere emotional outlet, is a complex phenomenon with its unique charm. Online laughter, in particular, seems to differ significantly in terms of its paralanguage features from face-to-face laughter. Building on our prior understanding of how laughter and youth language is used in face-to-face communication, studying online laughter in youth conversation can provide insights into the types of information that are typically conveyed nonverbally. This is important because laughter often conveys a wealth of essential information that is not explicitly stated in the words that are used. This study takes a close look at “wkwk”, one of the Indonesian expressions of laughter in social media. This study aims to examine how the use of “wkwk” reflects interlocutors' self-positioning across different social contexts in WhatsApp-based Indonesian youth conversation. Through conversation analysis (Schegloff, 2007) and stance-taking theory (DuBois, 2007), this study examines the utterances made by interlocutors in producing laughter in chats. The findings reveal a similarity between “wkwk” and other forms of laughter in previous studies, which are closely bound to the laughable context of the conversation that serves as a key to indicate Indonesian youth language. However, the use of “wkwk” is specifically shown to indicate closeness and bond reinforcement among interlocutors. In conclusion, within the Indonesian social context of laughter, “wkwk” as a linguistic tool can facilitate the interlocutors' expression of closeness and their positioning of self and others within the online conversation.
Meaning does not have to be rendered in words: Intersemiotic translation in digital religious infographics
Authors: Mowafy Mai
Published: February 2025

Data visualization is becoming widespread nowadays as people grasp images faster than verbal information. Infographics delineate information visually to be easily intelligible to the audience. They are creative discursive spaces where complex information can be disseminated in a variety of contexts. Religious Infographics discourse presents a fertile area of research that is not fully explored in academia. Coined by Jakobson (1959), “intersemiotic translation” refers to the interpretation of linguistic signs through non-verbal resources. This paper applies a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze fifteen religious infographics designed by Yaqeen institution for Islamic research. It applies Lim’s (2004) Integrative Multi-semiotic Model (IMM), which encompasses three planes: the expression plane, the content plane, and the context plane, to show how meanings are constructed in digital religious infographics. This study highlights the strategies used in religious infographics to resemiotize original meanings on the three planes. The findings of this paper show that intersemiotic translation is used in digital religious infographics to represent meanings and discuss important topics regarding faith, politics and theology, psychology and mental health, history, family, and community. The study invites further investigation of religious infographics in a more diversified corpus.
Professional competence of ASEAN accountants at conference presentations
Authors: Fauzanna Wulan , T'Chiang Chow Ung , Hashim Azirah
Published: February 2025

The ASEAN Federation of Accountants (AFA) organizes the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs to enhance the professional competence of ASEAN accountants. One of the CPD programs is the conference presentation (CP). The conference is the way the AFA shares its new frameworks and policies. Consequently, this language-based professional practice and competence has become an important need. In the presentation, this language-based professional competence is an important need. However, it received limited attention from an Applied Linguistics perspective. To study the professional practice and professional competence of the accountants in the AFA CP, the research used Genre Analysis to analyze the moves and Metadiscourse analysis to analyze specific markers used in the presentations. The software Wordsmith 8.0 (Scott, 2020) is applied for concordance analysis. Thirteen conference presentations given by accountants from the ASEAN region were collected from an AFA conference conducted in Indonesia. The presentations were recorded and transcribed with the software Wreally.com (Wreally, 2019). The text was analyzed based on Seliman and Dubois's (2002) move structure and Hyland’s (2005, 2019) interpersonal metadiscourse markers. The findings revealed the tendency to use more interactional resources than interactive resources to connect information and assist the audience in understanding the problem-solution-modeled presentations. The popular interactional resources are Self-mention, Engagement markers, and Hedges while the interactive resources are Transition markers. This study found that the discipline, the problem-solution convention, the presenter-audience interaction, and the preferred usage of certain markers determined the use of metadiscourse markers for the AFA CP. It helps accountants understand the importance and need of using moves and metadiscourses in developing their professional competence. The study contributes to the literature in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and serves as a guide in presenting effectively at conferences and developing purposeful CPD training. This research can also be replicated in studies on professional competence of other professions and professional training programs.
The mapping of Indonesian collocations: A contrastive analysis with English collocations
Authors: Dewiyanti Sri , Yuliyawati Sri Nur , Saudin Saudin , Meilinda Lina
Published: February 2025

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in research on English collocations, yet studies focusing on Indonesian collocations remain underexplored. Collocations are crucial for language acquisition as proficiency in collocations is indicative of language competence. This study, therefore, intends to reveal and map the patterns of Indonesian lexical and grammatical collocations through a contrastive analysis with English collocation patterns. The research was primarily qualitative,utilizing the phraseological approach supported by a corpus for collocation identification. The word classes of the collocation patterns were determined using KBBI V (the unabridged Indonesian dictionary). Data were sourced from main reports of Tempo magazine and headlines of Kompas as well as Pikiran Rakyat newspaper, comprising a total of 14,206 words. The data yielded a total of 1,488 instances of Indonesian collocations, divided into lexical collocation with 994 instances (66.8%) and grammatical collocation with 494 instances (33.2%). The investigation reveals nine sub-types of Indonesian lexical collocations, seven of which correspond to English lexical collocation sub-types while the other two are Indonesian-specific patterns. With respect to grammatical collocation, Indonesian possesses 14 sub-types, with eight aligning with English patterns and six unique to Indonesian. Future studies are required to delve more into and shed light on Indonesian collocations.
Acceptance of learning vocabulary via mobile-assisted language learning among community college of Qatar foundation students: Quizlet as a tool
Authors: Mohamed Baraa Ahmed Shiekh , Salam Abdul Rahim , Alwahoub Husam Masaoud
Published: February 2025

Integrating mobile devices into language learning has transformed vocabulary acquisition by providing learners with flexibility and access to educational resources anytime, anywhere. Mobile-assisted Language Learning (MALL) capitalizes on the widespread use of smartphones and tablets, allowing learners to engage with vocabulary exercises in a more accessible way. Previous research highlights that learners perceive mobile devices as enjoyable tools, and their acceptance is crucial for successful educational implementation. However, limited research exists in the context of Qatar. This study explores the acceptance of MALL among foundation students at the Community College of Qatar, using Quizlet due to its variety of features for vocabulary learning. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving interviews and reflection forms from forty-one participants across four academic levels, with thematic analysis conducted using ATLAS.ti 9. The findings revealed that participants generally had positive attitudes toward mobile applications in education but emphasized the importance of balancing MALL with diverse teaching methods to avoid monotony. Although MALL fosters learner autonomy, challenges such as technical issues, academic dishonesty, and cognitive distraction were noted. Despite these concerns, the study suggests that with proper administrative and educational interventions, these challenges can be mitigated, making vocabulary learning through MALL more effective, engaging, and acceptable to students at the Community College of Qatar.
New approaches in the treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Avakyan Georgiy G. , Voronina Tat'yana A. , Litvinova Svetlana A. , Nerobkova Lyubov N. , Balabanyan Vadim Yu. , Nikonova Anastasiya A. , Avakyan Gagik N.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Despite the significant progress made in the treatment of epilepsy in recent years, no less than 3040% of patients cannot achieve complete cessation of seizures.
Objective. To evaluate new approaches in the epilepsy treatment with nano-sized dosage forms and 3-benzylamino-metilenpirrolidin-2,4-dion (beprodone).
Materials and methods. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of nano-phenazepam in comparison with bromine-dihydrochlorophenyl-benzodiazepine (phenazepam) in substances was carried out. 2-aethylium-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (Mexidol) encapsulated on copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids was chosen as the second medicine for evaluation. Beprodone dosed 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally was the third drug assessed in rats. Chronic cobalt-induced epileptogenic focus was chosen as an experimental model. Additional clinical study of beprodone was conducted in 75 patients with epilepsy (men and women, age ranging 1865 years) with uncontrolled focal seizures with or without secondary generalization.
Results. In secondary generalized epilepsy model in rats, nanophenazepam significantly reduced epileptiform discharges in the cortex and hypothalamus along with hippocampus. In the chronic model of cobalt epilepsy, nanomexidol reduced the number of epileptiform discharges 3 times and also stopped the status epilepticus (reducing 7.8 times the number of secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures). The targets for beprodon are cortical foci and, in the second stage, subcortical foci which generate epileptic activity. In 75 patients with epilepsy who had uncontrolled focal seizures with or without secondary generalization, a significant increase in days without seizures was noted on beprodon; the number of seizures decreased 2 times (p 0.01).
Conclusion. Further investigation of new targets for novel antiepileptic drugs and introduction of the latter into clinical practice can be considered as one of the ways to solve the problem of drug resistance.
Gender and age-related differences in morphometric characteristics of neurons in human brain substantia nigra
Authors: Salkov Vladimir N. , Khudoerkov Rudolf M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Age-related morphological changes in the brain and those taking place in Parkinson disease (PD) are similar in their nature but differ in intensity. Quantitative evaluation of the neurons characteristics in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in men and women during aging will allow to use obtained values as a reference while studying PD.
Objective: to study gender- and age-related morphometric characteristics of neurons in SNc of the human brain.
Materials and methods. Morphometric evaluation of SNc neurons in autopsy human brain specimens (n=12) of normal aging men and women (aged 5287 years) was performed. The sections were stained with cresyl violet and for thyrosine hydroxylase (dopamine marker). A total number of neurons and number of dopaminergic neurons in particular in ventral and dorsal regions of SNc were counted; cellular and nuclear size was also estimated.
Results. In the aging brain, the most pronounced morphological changes occur in the medial, lateral, and intermediate segments of the ventral region of SNc. In the medial segment, the overall neuronal density was decreased by 33%, while in the lateral and intermediate segments of the ventral region of SNc it was decreased by 23%. In the medial and in the lateral and intermediate segments, density of the dopaminergic neurons was decreased by 28% and 24% respectively. Survived neurons showed increased cellular size and reduced nuclear size. In women, basic morphometric characteristics of neurons in the lateral and intermediate segments of the ventral region of SNc were higher than in men.
Conclusions. In normal aging, involution of the brain structures in SNc is more pronounced in its ventral region. Interestingly, involution occurs more slowly in a female brain than in a male brain.
Benign intracranial hypertension: clinical observations
Authors: Magzhanov Rim V. , Davletova Anzhelika I. , Bakhtiyarova Klara Z. , Pervushina Ekaterina V. , Tunik Valeriy F.
Published: February 2025

The complexity of diagnosing benign intracranial hypertension is associated with the low specificity of symptoms. For a timely diagnosis and exclusion of the secondary nature of the disease, it is sometimes necessary to conduct a broad range of additional examinations. The article describes 2 cases of benign intracranial hypertension, representing a diagnostic challenge. In the first case the disease developed in a patient with iron deficiency, hyperprolactinemia and obesity. The patient was treated with diuretics and corticosteroids, therapeutic lumbar punctures were performed. In the second case the disease developed in a patient with recent childbearing, obesity and mastitis. Due to the ineffectiveness of drug therapy surgery was carried out ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed with a temporary positive effect. Later breast cancer was diagnosed. The etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and symptoms of the disease are discussed. Particular attention is focused on the treatment of benign intracranial hypertension.
Chemical angioplasty for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm
Authors: Kalinkin Aleksandr A. , Petrikov Sergey S.
Published: February 2025

Vasospasm of cerebral arteries is considered to be the main reason of unfavorable outcomes in patients in acute period of ruptured arterial aneurysms. Despite of availability of various therapeutic approaches, there is no effective way to prevent and to treat vasospasm so far. However, according to recently published works chemical angioplasty in considered as a promising technique for the treatment of vasospasm. This approach implies invasive drug administration in the narrowed segments of cerebral arteries which allows medicine to affect endothelium of cerebral arteries directly. This route of administration prevents development of systemic effects of a drug and decrease of plasma drug concentration because of its metabolism in liver. Chemical angioplasty is used not only in proximal but also in distal parts of the constricted cerebral artery. In this review, we touch upon the use of chemical angioplasty for the treatment of vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The most widely used drugs for chemical angioplasty include papaverine, verapamil, nimodipinе, nicardipine, fasudil hydrochloride, and milrinone. Studies of this treatment approach show promising results confirming its efficacy in the management of vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms.
Expression of MAPK and inflammasomes in cells of the brain in experimental Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gorina Yana V. , Lopatina Olga L. , Komleva Yuliya K. , Chernykh Anatolii I. , Salmina Alla B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that leads to neuropsychiatric disorders and decrease in cognitive activity. A number of studies demonstrate the important role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and inflamasome NLRP3 in disturbing the metabolism of -amyloid and insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease.Objective. To study the expression of NLRP3 on cells of neuronal and glial nature, as well as MAPK on neurons in the amygdala of animals with experimental Alzheimer's disease.Material and methods. Subjects of the study were: 1) CD1 mice (males, 4 months old) divided in 2 groups, the experimental group (intra-hippocampalintjection of -amyloid) and the control group (sham-operated animals); mice with a genetic model of Alzheimers disease, the B6SLJ-line Tg (APPSwFlLon, PSEN1*M146L*L286V) 6799Vas (males, 12 months old) and the corresponding control group, C57BL/6xSJL mice (males, 12 months old). Immunohistochemistry on free-floating sections was used to study the expression of NLRP3 and MAPK in the brain amygdala.Results. It was found that NeuN/NLRP3-positive cells were increased in animals with a genetic model of Alzheimer's disease in the amygdala (29.052.67) compared with the control animals (17.101.95) (p=0.043). A similar picture was observed in -amyloid-induced neurodegeneration (p=0.021). Intra-hippocampal injection of -amyloid caused the decrease of MAPK expression in the amygdala neurons (5.970.66) compared with sham-operated animals (13.252.65) (p=0.018). A similar situation was observed in animals with a genetic model of Alzheimer's disease (p=0.031).Conclusion. Increase of expression of inflammasomes NLRP3 was observed on neurons, but not astrocytes, in animals with experimental Alzheimer's disease. Wefound a decrease of the expression of MAPK on neurons in the amygdala. This indicates coupling of the inflammatory process and the disturbances of insulin-signaling mechanisms in the brain in neurodegeneration.
Ischemic stroke and inherited thrombophilias
Authors: Pizova Natalia V.
Published: February 2025

In this review the impact of the most common thrombophilias on the risk of ischemic stroke and atherothrombosis is thoroughly analyzed. The functional role of different -fibrinogen genotypes was reviewed and their correlations with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, brachiocephalic artery atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension are evaluated. In addition, associations of stroke with key genetic factors such as the Leyden mutation (factor V), mutations in the genes of prothrombin, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor), glycoprotein IIIa, etc. are assessed. Results of the authors own works on the occurrence of various inherited thrombophilias in a group of 43 patients with ischemic stroke of undefined origin are presented.
A clinical case of the intervertebral disc rehydration after dynamic transpedicular fixation using nitinol rods
Authors: Poltorako Yekaterina N. , Gushcha Artem O. , Dreval Maxim D. , Kascheyev Alexey A. , Arestov Sergey O. , Vershinin Andrey V.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The clinical case of a patient with a generalized degenerative lesion of the lumbar spine in combination with clinical and radiological signs of the adjacent disk syndrome is presented in the article.
Materials and methods. The patient turned to the neurosurgical department of the Research Center of Neurology with complaints of low back pain with irradiation on the external surface of the left leg, and numbness in this area. In the anamnesis: microsurgical removal of the HIVD at the levels L4L5 and L5S1. According to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a disc herniation and according to functional radiography signs of instability were revealed at the level of L3L4. In order to prevent further progression of the degenerative cascade, the patient underwent surgical intervention dynamic transpedicular fixation with nitinol rods, a metal with shape memory effect. At pre- and postoperative periods we performed clinical evaluation (VAS pain scale, Oswestry quality of life assessment, modified Macnub scale), MRI of the lumbar spine (an analysis of the fixed and adjacent segments degeneration extent according to Pfirman classification), and functional radiography (estimation of the range of motion in the fixed and adjacent segments).
Results. We observed a significant reduction in back pain, a complete regression of leg pain and an improvement in the quality of life compared to the preoperative level. Twelve months after the surgery, on the MRI scan we observed signs of rehydration and regeneration on a fixed segment and the absence of acceleration of degeneration on adjacent segments
The effect of low-temperature argon plasma on neuromuscular excitability in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy
Authors: Kozyreva Valeria O. , Evstigneeva Inna S.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy is a critical component of breast cancer treatment but often leads to side effects such as radiation dermatitis and fibrosis. These adverse effects negatively impact upper limb function and reduce patients’ quality of life. Preventing radiation-induced reactions and fibrosis requires a multidisciplinary approach. While the effectiveness of comprehensive medical rehabilitation—including physiotherapeutic prevention, psychological correction, therapeutic exercises, and nutritional support — is well-documented, research on the application of low-temperature argon plasma remains limited.
AIM: To evaluate the effects of low-temperature argon plasma on neuromuscular excitability in breast cancer patients undergoing external radiation therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 60 women undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer. All participants received a medical rehabilitation program that included general magnetotherapy, therapeutic exercises, training on biofeedback-based weight-bearing platforms, nutritional support, and psychological correction. Patients in the main group (n=30) additionally underwent low-temperature argon plasma treatments. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale, and neuromuscular excitability testing conducted with the Eleskulap-Med TeKo device (Med TeKo,Russia; registration certificate No. FSR 2011/09988, dated February 4, 2011).
RESULTS: At the completion of radiation therapy and comprehensive rehabilitation, statistically significant differences were observed in radiation reaction severity between the main group and the comparison group (p=0.016), as assessed by the RTOG scale. Significant improvements were also noted in neuromuscular excitability parameters of the pectoralis major muscle (pars sternocostalis) and pars clavicularis in the main group.
CONCLUSION: Low-temperature argon plasma therapy reduces neuromuscular system impairments in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, supporting its role as an effective component of multidisciplinary medical rehabilitation.
Magnetotherapy and peripheral magnetic stimulation: differences and application in pediatric practice
Authors: Borodulina Irina V. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Kotova Olga V. , Pavlova Svetlana V. , Ipatov Andrey A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Magnetic stimulation, a form of magnetotherapy using pulsed magnetic fields with high biological effect intensity, represents a promising therapeutic direction in pediatric practice.
AIM: To provide comprehensive insight into the therapeutic potential of magnetic stimulation and present a relevant clinical case.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study reviews materials on magnetic stimulation as a critical component of physical therapy and rehabilitation for pediatric patients.
RESULTS: Magnetic stimulation demonstrates pronounced neuromuscular stimulation effects, along with analgesic, trophic, and anti-edematous actions. Differentiating between various magnetotherapy modalities is crucial, with specific techniques tailored to clinical objectives. The main biophysical advantages of magnetic stimulation are noted. Unlike variable magnetotherapy, magnetic stimulation produces audible clicking sounds during the procedure (click = stimulus), perceived by the patient as distinct muscle contractions or comfortable vibrations, depending on the applied frequency. Frequency is a critical parameter that must be individualized. In physiotherapy, pulsed magnetic fields at frequencies up to 20 Hz elicit the most significant responses. Lower frequencies predominantly stimulate, while higher frequencies provide analgesic and microcirculatory effects.
CONCLUSION: Peripheral magnetic stimulation, due to its proven efficacy and excellent tolerance, is the physiotherapeutic method of choice in neuro- and orthopedic practice. It effectively addresses joint and spine diseases associated with inflammation or muscle spasm, nerve fiber injuries with pain syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, and urinary disorders. Its safety and effectiveness make peripheral magnetic stimulation a highly promising tool for pediatric practice, as demonstrated by the clinical case presented.
Compact current transport model taking into account dissipative and resonant tunneling processes in a heterostructured diode channel for ECAD of a nanoelectronic component base
Authors: Kuimov E.V. , Vetrova N.A.
Published: February 2025

The introduction of RTDs into modern industry is complicated by a number of reasons, the most important of which is ensuring a given shape of the I-V characteristic. To date, there are no mathematical models of current transfer in RTDs intended for engineering applications, i.e., having an acceptable degree of correspondence between the simulation results and experimental data in all sections of the I-V characteristic with adequate requirements for computing resources.

Objective – development of a model of electrical characteristics of resonant tunnel diodes for the design of electronic equipment based on heterostructure devices with transverse current transfer.

It is shown that the most promising approach for the design of electronic devices is the compact modeling approach. An original function is proposed for estimating the tunnel transparency coefficient in order to solve the problem of the occurrence of non-physical current saturation in the section of negative differential conductivity. A self-consistent procedure for calculating the interelectronic interaction potential within a compact model has been developed, taking into account the initial conditions of a special type to improve the adequacy of calculating the hysteresis loop on the current-voltage characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes.

It has been shown that the developed compact model allows predicting the current-voltage characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes with high accuracy in various areas, including the area contrast (average deviation <0.5%), as well as the curvature and hysteresis parameters (average deviation <1% and 1.5%, respectively). In combination with low requirements for computing resources, a conclusion has been made about the prospects of integrating the proposed compact model into modern CAD systems.
Identification of water bodies based on processing of multispectral satellite images
Authors: Gudkov A.G. , Tertychnya A.S. , Sidorov I.A. , Agasiev S.V. , Khoperskov A.V.
Published: February 2025

The accuracy of mathematical modeling of the hydrological regime for a specific territory is determined by the quality of the digital elevation model (DEM) of this area. A particular challenge is the modeling of floodplain areas with a large number of reservoirs with changing water levels during flood periods. A distinctive feature of such a territory is the complex structure of small channels, vegetation and wetlands. Small changes in topographic elevations can significantly change flood patterns, requiring the construction of a high-precision DEM.

Objective – the goal is the analysis of the quality of a digital terrain model based on constructing a system of changing coastlines, processing multispectral satellite images of the area at different time.

The software for processing multi-channel satellite images with identification of water bodies in batch mode with subsequent vectorization of coastlines has been created. The possibility of updating altitude data using a set of boundaries of reservoirs using infrared data from the Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8-9 OLI satellites is shown. The critical values of intensities in the infrared channels have been determined, providing the best identification of the boundaries of reservoirs.

The construction of geographically referenced boundaries of water bodies can be used to solve various environmental, hydrological and socio-economic problems. In particular, it is proposed to update elevation data for periodically flooded floodplain areas.
A comparative study of hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl and sequential administration of isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl in caesarean delivery
Authors: Zinzuwadia Praful J. , Patel Dipika P. , Sheth Paresh N. , Patel Aneri
Published: February 2025

Background: To compare intrathecal sequential plain and hyperbaric Bupivacaine with fentanyl and hyperbaric Bupivacaine with fentanyl for hemodynamic stability, onset of block and duration of block in patients undergoing caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.
Methods: This observational, double-blind study, seventy full term parturient, randomly divided to receive either 10 mg 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine with 25µg Fentanyl or 5 mg each of 0.5% plain and hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 µg of Fentanyl. Surgery was allowed to proceed when block height reaches T6. Hemodynamic parameters, ephedrine use, time to reach peak dermatomal level and duration of sensory and motor block were compared among two groups.
Results: Demographic data, quality of perioperative anesthesia, Apgar score were identical in both groups. Incidence of Hypotension in HB (77.14%) as compare to 25.71% in PHB. Nausea/Vomiting in both the groups, 68.57% for HB and 25.71% for PHB. For HB, 80% (10.3mg) of patients required   Ephedrine while 17 % (4mg) in Group PHB.  Peak dermatomal level in minutes was faster in HB (06±1.13) as compare to PHB. (9.06±0.76) Maximum Block level was achieved in HB was T4.94±0.76 and in PHB it was 5.71±0.86.  Time to regression of sensory block in minutes for HB was 234.86±10.49 and PHB 258.14±12.37. Recovery from motor block is faster in HB (190.66±10.38) compared to PHB (205.71±11.95).
Conclusions: Sequential administration of low dose of hyperbaric and plain bupivacaine with fentanyl provides better hemodynamic stability, accomplish adequate level of sensory and motor block in obstetric population for caesarean delivery.
Diversidade botânica e arborização nas Escolas do Campo: contribuições para o ensino de Ciências
Authors: Perozzo Laura Bugança , Gonzatti Felipe
Published: February 2025

No cenário educacional atual, os educadores de Ciências enfrentam desafios para tornar os conceitos botânicos acessíveis aos estudantes, especialmente devido à ausência de pluralidade nas abordagens e à escassez de elementos da biodiversidade local nos recursos didáticos. A arborização escolar surge como ferramenta capaz de promover o ensino de botânica, aproximando os alunos da biodiversidade e incentivando o compromisso socioambiental da comunidade escolar. A Educação do Campo, voltada para comunidades rurais, tem ganhado relevância como tema de debate, impulsionada por demandas sociais históricas. Essas escolas, integradas às realidades do meio rural, buscam alinhar suas práticas pedagógicas às características locais. Este estudo analisou a diversidade de plantas em quatro Escolas do Campo de Caxias do Sul: duas situadas em área de influência do Campos de Altitude e duas em Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O método adotado foi o caminhamento expedito, que consiste na coleta de espécies durante percursos pela área de vegetação. Foram identificadas 98 espécies, das quais 60,20% são nativas, variando entre as escolas, sem espécies comuns às quatro. As análises incluíram grupos taxonômicos, formas de vida, arborização escolar e a relação da diversidade com a fitofisionomia local. Um material educativo foi desenvolvido para apoiar o ensino de botânica na Educação Básica.
An Analysis of the Development Process of Learning Based Classes: Focusing on Campbell’s Policy Making Model
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Kim Seohyun , Lee Insun , Tong Phuoc Nguyet Anh Tong Phuoc Nguyet Anh
Published: February 2025

This study attempted to explore the direction of education in Korea by examining the background and development process of learning-based classes introduced using Campbell's policy-making model. To this end, the characteristics of each stage of Campbell's policy-making model were identified and the timing of the application of learning-based classes were classified. As a result of the study, the process in which learning-based classes were developed has the characteristics of both bottom-up and top-down, and the process was very dynamic because each metropolitan and provincial office of education officially applied it. In addition, most educational members agreed with the philosophy and vision of learning-based classes, but when students faced challenges during university entrance exam preparation, conflicts occurred. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of education policies, and it is necessary to create the environment in which teachers can focus on classes within a stable system, and to seek approaches that consider the characteristics of each school level and to draw implications that it should be teacher spontaneity-centered.
Exploring Latent Class Transition Patterns and Predictors of Middle School Parents' School Satisfaction
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Yun Chaeyoung
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to examine the transition patterns of school satisfaction among middle school parents and the associated influencing factors. The middle school period is a critical time for students' academic and emotional development, and understanding the changes in parental satisfaction and its factors during this period is necessary for improving school management. Utilizing data from 2,214 parents participating in the Gyeongnam Education Longitudinal Study of 2023, the study conducted latent class analysis, latent transition analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that first, middle school parents were classified into three latent groups based on their school satisfaction: 'low', 'middle', and 'high'. Second, the analysis of the longitudinal transition patterns indicated that there was a tendency for all groups to transition into the 'middle group'. Third, logistic regression analysis identified that parental educational support, sustainability of school innovation, relationships with the community, and perceptions and satisfaction regarding education policies significantly influenced the transition among the latent classes. These findings suggest that increased parental involvement in their children's education is associated with higher levels of school satisfaction. Consequently, this underscores the necessity for developing practical programs aimed at enhancing parental participation in future educational policy development and implementation.
The Exploration of Operational Conditions for Extended Essays that Foster Conceptual Learning
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Song Seulgi
Published: February 2025

This study originates from the question of how teaching and assessment should evolve in the context of a changing learning paradigm, where the quality of knowledge is emphasized over its quantity. Recently, education has focused on learning that leads to transfer based on “learning in depth” with an emphasis on learning “concepts” as a method to achieve this. Therefore, this research aims to explore the definition of concepts necessary to reach learning in depth, the nature of concepts, and how assessment can be designed based on these insights. The exploration of concepts is closely related to the holistic participation of learners, and the research highlights the importance of assessment methods that ensure individual learners’ holistic development, with a focus on extended written responses that guarantee a broad scope for learner potential. To substantiate this, the study examines the Extended Essay process in the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme, a key component of the curriculum, as it reflects characteristics of participatory written assessments. The study identifies three design conditions for extended written assessments that encourage in-depth conceptual exploration: 1) designing to allow learner engagement, 2) ensuring opportunities for trial and error, and 3) fostering a refined inquiry process that secures persuasiveness. Through a review of previous studies and case analyses, this research investigates the design mechanisms of extended written assessments that deepen conceptual learning and explores possible directions for designing such assessments.
Frictional resistance of low hysteresis superelastic orthodontic archwires after different metal oxide nanocoatings
Authors: Srinivasan Dilip , Krishnan Rajkumar
Published: February 2025

To compare the frictional resistance between uncoated and nanocoated low-hysteresis superelastic orthodontic archwires using three metal oxides: Aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide, when used with metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets.

A total of 120 segments of Low-hysteresis superelastic NiTi archwires (Tomy Orthodontics, Japan) measuring 25 mm, were divided into eight groups: uncoated, Al₂O₃-coated, TiO₂-coated, and ZrO₂-coated. Each group having 30 segments which were further divided into two subgroups of 15 each; for testing with metal and ceramic brackets. The nanocoatings were applied using a dip-coating method, followed by heat treatment to ensure adhesion. For frictional testing, upper premolar MBT prescription metal and ceramic brackets with 0.022-inch slots (Ormco, Brea, CA, USA) were mounted on a customised jig with a fixed interbracket distance. The archwires were tested individually by threading them through the brackets, and frictional resistance was measured using a universal testing machine at a sliding rate of 2 mm/min under dry conditions for a duration of one minute. Mean frictional values were recorded in N and then paired t test andANOVA with Tukey’s Post hoc LSD tests were done for comparison.

The results showed that the uncoated wire with ceramic bracket showed the highest friction (21.9687 N) and the least friction was found with ZrO₂ coated wires with metal bracket (3.1253 N). Among the nanocoatings, the ZrO₂-coated wires demonstrated the lowest frictional resistance, followed by TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ coatings. Frictional resistance was significantly higher with ceramic brackets compared to metal brackets across all wire types, but the nanocoatings significantly reduced friction in both bracket types.

Metal oxide nanocoatings on low-hysteresis superelastic archwires significantly reduce frictional resistance, with zirconium oxide providing the most substantial reduction. These findings suggest that nanocoated wires, especially with ZrO₂, may enhance the efficiency of orthodontic treatments by minimizing frictional forces