bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SECURA DE DELEUZE
Authors: Rosset Clément
Published: August 2023

Tradução de André Martins e Danilo BilateTexto original publicado em 1972 na revista L’Arc n°49, inteiramente dedicada ao pensamento de Deleuze. Republicado em ROSSET, C. Faits-divers, Paris: PUF, 2013 (coletânea de artigos organizada por Nicolas Delon e Santiago Espinoza).
Cândido: o nascimento do trágico moderno
Authors: Cavargere Claudio
Published: August 2023

O presente texto busca traçar conexões entre o pensamento de Nietzsche e Voltaire. Mais do que esgotar conceitualmente o pensamento do primeiro, busca-se, aqui, utilizá-lo como lamparina, direcionando experimentalmente seus lampejos em direção aos textos do segundo. Se Nietzsche traça procedências gregas para o nascimento da tragédia, desnudando sombras dionisíacas ali onde só víamos as luminescências de Apolo, seguimos também aqui semelhante esforço, tracejando malhas escuras no século das Luzes
Selección de levaduras con capacidad de síntesis de ácido indolacético y/o actividad ACC desaminasa y su aplicación para promover el crecimiento vegetal
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Carvajal Contardo María José
Published: August 2023

Las levaduras como promotores de crecimiento vegetal pueden mejorar la absorción de nutrientes mediante el aumento en el crecimiento radicular. El objetivo principal es promover el crecimiento vegetal en plántulas de tomate a través de la aplicación de levaduras con capacidad de síntesis de AIA y actividad ACC desaminasa. Para cuantificar el AIA, veintitrés cepas fueron cultivadas en medio YPD con y sin Triptófano, siguiendo el método colorimétrico de Salkowski. Para determinar la actividad ACCD las mismas cepas fueron cultivadas en el medio mínimo YNB con y sin ACC, se midió turbidez a los 14 días de incubación mediante DO y luego fue cuantificado como mM de alfa-cetobutirato. Luego, se evaluó el crecimiento radicular en tomates bajo el inoculo de las 23 cepas, se midió el número de raíces laterales, el largo de la raíz principal y el volumen radicular. Finalmente se cuantificó la producción de etileno en plantas de tomates inoculadas con dos cepas seleccionadas, obteniendo 4 tratamientos; Control, AIA: inóculo con la cepa con mayor producción de AIA, ACC: inóculo con cepa que tenga actividad ACCD y AIA/ACC: la mezcla de ambas cepas. Se midió etileno en la zona radicular. Todas las cepas fueron capaces de producir AIA con y sin Triptófano. Dos cepas de Soliococozyma aeria poseen actividad ACCD. El número de raíces laterales aumentó en la mayoría de los tratamientos con levaduras, mientras que el largo de la raíz principal disminuyó en todos los casos, excepto en el tratamiento con Rhodotorula babjevae. El tratamiento ACC disminuyó los niveles de etileno en las raíces, además obtuvo el mayor peso fresco aéreo y peso seco radicular, En conclusión, las cepas Metschnikowia sp. y S. aeria surgen como microorganismos promotores de crecimiento vegetal gracias a su producción de AIA y actividad ACCD.
Variación de la comunidad de abejas silvestres en huertos de palto de la Región Metropolitana por la plantación de parches de plantas nativas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Astorquiza Andaur Sebastián
Published: August 2023

Debido al aumento en la demanda de polinización de cultivos, es posible que las abejas manejadas no puedan satisfacerla por sí solas; los polinizadores silvestres pueden proveer o complementar este servicio. Las poblaciones de polinizadores y sus servicios pueden ser fomentados incorporando recursos florales en los campos productivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la variación en la comunidad de polinizadores durante la primavera frente a la incorporación de parches de flores nativas; además evaluar las tasas de visita de los grupos de polinizadores visitantes de flores de palto según la temperatura y el paso de la primavera. Se utilizaron dos huertos de paltos, uno de ellos mejorado con bandas de flora nativa. Para evaluar la comunidad de polinizadores se usaron trampas de intercepción y se observaron los visitantes florales del palto cada 10 días aprox. a distintas temperaturas. No hubo respuestas significativas de los polinizadores frente a las bandas florales, posiblemente debido al poco tiempo de establecimiento, la escasa floración exhibida y al paisaje circundante. Se encontró gran presencia de abejas silvestres en los parches, pero estas no visitaron las flores del palto, lo que evidencia su poco atractivo para las abejas nativas y silvestres de la zona. La actividad de vuelo de abejas, coleópteros y polinizadores silvestres en su conjunto tendieron a aumentar con el pasar de la primavera; en cuanto a visitas florales, sólo aumentaron las de abejas melíferas en el tiempo. Abejas melíferas y los polinizadores silvestres, excepto dípteros, exhibieron significativa mayor actividad de forrajeo a temperaturas sobre 26° C. Dípteros no mostraron respuesta a los diferentes factores. Se destaca que los diferentes grupos de polinizadores pueden ser complementarios al momento de proveer el servicio de polinización. Se sugiere que los parches de flores necesitan un tiempo de desarrollo más largo para fomentar polinizadores.
Clasificación del bosque esclerófilo mediterráneo de Chile Central por medio de modelos de aprendizaje de máquina
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Bravo Álvarez Valentina Andrea
Published: August 2023

Los bosques cumplen un rol importante en los ecosistemas de la tierra. La adquisición de información sobre el estado de los bosques es fundamental para elaborar estrategias de manejo y conservación sostenible de éstos. Diversas técnicas convencionales se han aplicado para la clasificación de bosques y otras coberturas de suelo a través de la teledetección. Recientemente, han adquirido mayor importancia métodos no paramétricos de Machine Learning, como Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM) y Artificial Neural Network (ANN). La hipótesis del presente estudio es que la selección de uno u otro algoritmo de clasificación no tiene gran efecto en la precisión de clasificación de los diferentes tipos de bosque, pero sí los tipos de datos seleccionados en la construcción de los modelos. Así, el objetivo general es, seleccionar un modelo de clasificación que incluya un algoritmo de Machine Learning para la clasificación de distintos tipos de bosque esclerófilo utilizando como base distintos tipos de datos geoespaciales provenientes del ámbito de los recursos naturales. Se utilizan como variables predictoras las bandas de Landsat-8, y índices de productividad y textura, y datos bioclimáticos, estructurales y topográficos, para clasificar el bosque esclerófilo de la zona central de Chile según su cobertura y posición topográfica, por medio de algoritmos RF, ANN y SVM. Los tres modelos de clasificación tuvieron precisiones parecidas y coinciden en que las variables más importantes están relacionadas con la productividad y el contenido de agua en la vegetación. Por lo tanto, las variables utilizadas resultaron ser cruciales para las clasificaciones, más que el algoritmo utilizado. Sin embargo, la señal de la densidad de bosque es débil, dado principalmente a la calidad de los datos de referencia.
Uso de bacteriófagos para controlar Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris en semillas y plántulas de repollo (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Fernández Miranda Isadora
Published: August 2023

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) es una enfermedad de importancia mundial para las brásicas, entre sus métodos de dispersión se encuentra la infección de la semilla, lo que hace que las plantas presenten la enfermedad en etapas más tempranas generando más daño en su ciclo. Hoy en día no existen métodos de control sustentable y eficaces contra esta bacteria en sus distintos estados, por lo que los bacteriófagos surgen como una opción. En este estudio se analiza su potencial en el control de Xcc en semillas y plántulas de repollo. En el primer experimento se realiza una comparación en el efecto de la calidad de las semillas con los distintos tratamientos e infecciones, y en el caso del agua caliente se ve negativamente afectada, bajando su germinación significativamente. En un segundo experimento se evaluaron métodos para infectar semillas de repollo con Xcc, logrando infección superficial, pero no penetración de la bacteria en las semillas. Luego se evaluó el uso de fagos y agua caliente para reducir presencia de Xcc en semillas infectadas artificialmente, logrando en ambos casos una reducción significativa de la bacteria, aunque sin eliminarla totalmente. En el tercer experimento se analizó el efecto preventivo de los fagos en semillas y plántulas, lo que generó una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la bacteria en la muestra de la plántula, además de presentarse los movimiento sistémico de los fagos en algunas plantas.
Growth, Survival and Cost-benefit Analyses of Nutrient Rich Small Indigenous Species in Carp Polyculture System under Barind Area in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh
Authors: Basak Arjit Kumar , Talukdar Anik , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Shaha Amrita , Ara Jesmin , Hossain Md. Akhtar
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted in Tanore upazila (sub district) of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh for a period of six months from July 2019 to December 2019. Investigation was carried into the economics of polyculture of Indian major carps with small indigenous fish species (SIS) Shing          (H. fossilis), Magur (C. batrachus), and Pabda (O. pabda). The species composition was carps with shing (T1), carps with Magur (T2), carps with Pabda (T3) and only carps (T4). The economic feasibility of four different combinations was analyzed on the basis of the expenditure incurred and total return from sale price of fish in the local market. The net benefits per hectare from 6 months culture period for T1, T2, T3 and T4 were Bangladesh currency (Taka) as BDT. 635730.42, 805548.25, 580948.95 and 291489.07, respectively which largely reflected the gross fish production levels of 7680.42 ± 6.68, 8324.94 ± 16.64, 7581.13 ± 24.94 and 6344.55 ± 10.30 kg ha-1. However, carp polyculture with Magur (T2) provided highest benefit (BDT. 805548.25 ha-1), followed by carps-shing polyculture (BDT. 635730.42/ha-1), carps-Pabda polyculture (BDT. 580948.95 ha-1) and only carps (BDT. 291489.07 ha-1). BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) was obtained highest in Carp-Magur polyculture, followed by carp-shing and carp-Pabda polyculture systems. So, Carp-Magur polyculture may be better as it has ensured better production of protein enriched SIS Magur and also economic point of view and this system is encouraging for rural people because they would get Magur regularly for consumption and carps as a cash crop.
Social Mapping of the Fisheries Community in Bojongsoang, Bandung Regency
Authors: Maula Mochammad Fachry , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Maulina Ine , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: August 2023

Social mapping or social mapping is a comprehensive and systematic approach used to gather data and information about the various aspects of a specific area. It involves understanding the social, cultural, and environmental characteristics of the community residing in that area. The process of social mapping was carried out in the Bojongsoang District, encompassing the sub-districts of Tegalluar, Lengkong, Cipagalo, Buahbatu, Bojongsoang, and Bojongsari, situated in the Bandung Regency. This comprehensive study was conducted over a period spanning from December 2022 to June 2023. The research methodology employed in this study involves a qualitative descriptive analysis conducted through a survey. The survey includes direct field observations and interviews with randomly selected respondents who are engaged in tilapia aquaculture. The study involved a total of 45 tilapia farmers and 7 policy stakeholders from each village. The characteristics of respondents who are fish farmers in the Bojongsoang District can be differentiated based on social and economic factors. Approximately 96% of the respondents chose tilapia farming as their main livelihood. Men play a primary role in running the tilapia farming business, while women are also involved in some aspects. The majority of the population adheres to the Islamic religion and belongs to the Sundanese ethnic group. There are kinship ties between the local community and the owners of tilapia farming land. Social stratification exists with the highest positions held by the district head (Camat), members of the regional legislative council (DPRD), and religious scholars (ulama). Meanwhile, community leaders and elders occupy the middle position, while the general population holds the lowest position. Based on the research, the author's recommendations include the need for land use management for tilapia farming practitioners in Bojongsoang and the importance of policy evaluation for stakeholders in the area.
Performance of Different Hybrids of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition
Authors: Anand Komal , Topno Samir E. , Bahadur Vijay
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different hybrids of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical (L.) Roem.) in Prayagraj Agro-climatic condition during Rabi season 2021-22. It was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of agriculture, technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid in a randomized block design with three replications. The result from the present investigation revealed that among 14 hybrids of sponge gourd, 2 hybrids namely AVT-II 2019 SPGHYB-5 and AVT-II 2019 SPGHYB-3 exhibited substantially higher fruit yield per plant (4.66) and performed better for other desirable traits in Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions. In terms of economics, the best benefit- cost ratio (4.14) was obtained by AVT-II 2019 SPGHYB-5 hybrid with high returns.
Effect of Morphological Characteristics of Fruit Orchards on Soil Physio-chemical Properties
Authors: Bhadani Megha , Das Dipty Kumar , Rai Tara Man , Bhadani Somya Kumari
Published: August 2023

Biophysical characteristics of 16-year-old fruit orchards and their influence on soil physico-chemical properties of sixteen-year-old fruit orchards established at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birouli, Samastipur (Bihar) were compared. Fruit orchards were Mango (Mangifera indica) var. Malda, Litchi (litchi chinensis) var. China and Aonla (Emblica officinalis) var. NA-7. An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the dynamics of Oxidisable Organic Carbon (Coc), SOC sequestration, Bulk Density (BD), pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) in fruit orchards. All the orchards significantly improved SOC showing 12.9 to 44.6 % higher than that in open (without trees) and followed the order: Aonla > Litchi > Mango. The total SOC increased by 10 to 20 % at the surface and 15 to 35 % in the lower depths. The crown diameter of Mango, Litchi and Aonla orchards were 11.64 m, 8.61 m and 8.6 m and girth at breast height (GBH) varied from 9.53 m in Aonla orchard to 5.6 m in Litchi orchard. By and large, Aonla orchard may be considered as the best orchard production system from the standpoint of SOC build up and improvement in soil physic-chemical properties. Hence, its promotion and expansion as land-use practices in the calcareous belt of Bihar will be helpful for food security and mitigating climate change.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Hypertensive Disorders in Ghana: The Case of the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital of the Upper East Region
Authors: Apusiga Osman Sadat , Mahama Ishaque , Alhassan Abukari
Published: August 2023

Aim: The goal of this study was to identify some risk and protective factors associated with hypertensive disorders among pregnant women in the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital of Ghana's Upper East Region.

Study Design: This study is a one case-control study design.

Place of Study: The study was conducted in the Antenatal clinic and Maternity ward of the Upper East Regional hospital in Bolgatanga.

Methodology: The study population consisted of pregnant women who were attending their antenatal care at the Bolgatanga regional hospital whose gestational ages were more than 20 weeks.

Hundred (100) study participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique (a non-probability sampling technique). Data for the study was gathered from the history of the 100 pregnant women who were visiting the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital for antenatal care. The analysis was conducted using the logistic regression model of STATA 14.

Results: The study disclosed that white blood cells (WBC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), placenta weight (PW), gestational weight (GW), body mass index (BMI) were statistically significant. BMI was discovered to have a positive association with hypertensive disorders (OR= 2.208, P= .025), whereas PW (OR=0.994, P= .085), GW (OR=0.815, P=.079), WBC (OR=0.719, P=.01), and LDL (OR=0.645, P= .027) were discovered to have negative associations with hypertensive disorders (odds ratios less than one). 

Conclusion: The study identified BMI as a risk factor and PW, GW, WBC, and LDL as protective factors. On the basis of the analysis it was recommended that health professionals should raise the awareness of women on the risks of hypertensive disorders even before they become pregnant, especially maintaining healthy weight.
Diagnostic Performance of the Fibrosis-4 Index and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score in Lean Adults With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Park Huiyul , Yoon Eileen L. , Ito Takanori , Jo Ae Jeong , Kim Mimi , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Hye-Lin , Arai Taeang , Atsukawa Masanori , Kawanaka Miwa , Toyoda Hidenori , Ishigami Masatoshi , Yu Ming-Lung , Jun Dae Won , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: August 2023

IMPORTANCE

The diagnostic performance of the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) for advanced fibrosis in lean patients with NAFLD is limited.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the FIB-4 and NFS in lean individuals with NAFLD.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This diagnostic study included adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD from 6 referral centers in Asia from 1995 to 2019. Cohorts were matched by age and sex between the lean and nonlean groups. All statistical analyses were executed from October 2022 to March 2023.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The diagnostic performance of the FIB-4 and NFS at the current cutoff for advanced hepatic fibrosis in lean (body mass index [BMI] below 23 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]) and nonlean (BMI above 23) patients were evaluated.

RESULTS

A total of 1501 patients were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 46.1 [16.4] years); 788 male (52.5%), 115 lean (7.7%), 472 (30.2%) Korean, 821 (48.7%) Japanese, and 341 (21.3%) Taiwanese. Among the age- and sex-matched cohort, the mean (SD) age was 52.3 (15.1) years and 41.2% (47 of 114) were male. The diagnostic performance and areas under the operating characteristic curve of the FIB-4 (lean, 0.807 vs nonlean, 0.743; P = .28) and NFS (lean, 0.790 vs nonlean, 0.755; P = .54) between the 2 groups were comparable in the age- and sex-matched cohort. The sensitivity and specificity of the NFS showed increasing and decreasing tendency according to the BMI quartiles (P for trend < .001), while those of the FIB-4 did not (P for trend = .05 and P = .20, respectively). Additionally, although the areas under the operating characteristic curve of the FIB-4 and NFS were not significantly different in the lean group (0.807 vs 0.790; P = .09), the sensitivity of the current NFS cutoff values was lower in the lean group than in that of FIB-4 (54.4% vs 81.8%; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

In this cohort study, the performance of the FIB-4 and NFS in diagnosing advanced fibrosis did not differ significantly between the 2 groups overall. However, in lean NAFLD, while the sensitivity for diagnosing advanced hepatic fibrosis remained reasonable at the current cutoff level, the sensitivity of NFS at the current cutoff was too low to be an adequate screening tool.
Enhancing understanding of ecosystem multifunctionality in mountain regions
Authors: Simion Heidi , Giombini Valentina , Tasser Erich , Marsoner Thomas , Egarter Vigl Lukas
Published: August 2023

Mountain landscapes that are managed to provide several ecosystem services (ES) have the potential to sustain high levels of biodiversity while also meeting multiple human needs. The promotion of multifunctional landscapes has become an important policy target in land management and has gained research traction under the definition of ES‐multifunctionality. However, scale dynamics and patterns of ES‐multifunctionality remain poorly understood and are rarely integrated into land management and policy recommendations.

To address this gap, we used two diversity indices to quantify ES‐multifunctionality based on 11 ES indicators at different spatial scales in a case‐study region in the European Alps. The approach used captures the diversity of ES provided at patch and landscape levels (α‐multifunctionality) as well as unique ES contributions of ecosystems to the regional ES diversity (β‐multifunctionality).

Results show that ES‐multifunctionality generally decreases from low to high land use intensities and increases from high to low elevations. While forest‐dominated landscapes are hotspots of ES diversity, the more specialized ES supply in landscapes above the tree line and on valley floors enhances regional ES‐multifunctionality.

This study highlights how understanding ES‐multifunctionality and its incorporation into policy and landscape management requires adopting a multi‐scale approach. Patch‐scale analyses are necessary to identify the environmental characteristics underpinning ES‐multifunctionality with a fine level of detail. However, looking at the distribution of ES at landscape and regional scales uncovers the benefits originating from interacting ecosystems, and can support the identification of areas that should be protected, restored, or sustainably managed.
Self‐adaption and texture generation: A hybrid loss function for low‐dose CT denoising
Authors: Wang Zhenchuan , Liu Minghui , Cheng Xuan , Zhu Jinqi , Wang Xiaomin , Gong Haigang , Liu Ming , Xu Lifeng
Published: August 2023

Background

Deep learning has been successfully applied to low‐dose CT (LDCT) denoising. But the training of the model is very dependent on an appropriate loss function. Existing denoising models often use per‐pixel loss, including mean abs error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE). This ignores the difference in denoising difficulty between different regions of the CT images and leads to the loss of large texture information in the generated image.

Purpose

In this paper, we propose a new hybrid loss function that adapts to the noise in different regions of CT images to balance the denoising difficulty and preserve texture details, thus acquiring CT images with high‐quality diagnostic value using LDCT images, providing strong support for condition diagnosis.

Methods

We propose a hybrid loss function consisting of weighted patch loss (WPLoss) and high‐frequency information loss (HFLoss). To enhance the model's denoising ability of the local areas which are difficult to denoise, we improve the MAE to obtain WPLoss. After the generated image and the target image are divided into several patches, the loss weight of each patch is adaptively and dynamically adjusted according to its loss ratio. In addition, considering that texture details are contained in the high‐frequency information of the image, we use HFLoss to calculate the difference between CT images in the high‐frequency information part.

Results

Our hybrid loss function improves the denoising performance of several models in the experiment, and obtains a higher peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM). Moreover, through visual inspection of the generated results of the comparison experiment, the proposed hybrid function can effectively suppress noise and retain image details.

Conclusions

We propose a hybrid loss function for LDCT image denoising, which has good interpretation properties and can improve the denoising performance of existing models. And the validation results of multiple models using different datasets show that it has good generalization ability. By using this loss function, high‐quality CT images with low radiation are achieved, which can avoid the hazards caused by radiation and ensure the disease diagnosis for patients.
Diagnostic Accuracy Study of the Pediatric‐Specific Ultrasound Scoring System for the Knee Joint in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Rogers Kelly , Sproles Alyssa , Thornton Sherry , Huggins Jennifer , Lovell Daniel J. , Cassedy Amy , Meyers Arthur B. , Ting Tracy V.
Published: August 2023

Objective

We undertook this study to validate the Pediatric Arthritis Ultrasound Scoring System for the knee joint (PAUSS‐knee) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Children with JIA were enrolled to prospectively receive a musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) examination of the knee and a physical examination to determine presence/absence of clinical arthritis. MSUS images were scored using the PAUSS‐knee, a semiquantitative MSUS scoring system (0–3, normal to severe) for B‐mode and power Doppler mode. In addition to MSUS, a subset of participants also received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee, which was scored according to the combined Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system. Spearman's correlations (rs) were used to calculate associations between variables. Test characteristics of the PAUSS‐knee were calculated with MRI as the reference standard. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed in synovial fluid from involved knees.

Results

Eighty children with JIA contributed 112 MSUSs and 25 MRIs of the knee. Of the knees, 41% (n = 46) had clinical evidence of arthritis. The B‐mode PAUSS‐knee score moderately correlated with clinically determined arthritis (rs = 0.54, P < 0.001) and strongly correlated with the JAMRIS score (rs = 0.75, P < 0.001). Compared with MRI, the area under the curve for the B‐mode PAUSS‐knee was 0.92. For a cutoff of >1, the B‐mode PAUSS‐knee had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 82%. Biomarker analysis indicates that interleukin‐2R levels correlate with PAUSS score.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that the PAUSS‐knee has excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of arthritis when compared with MRI. The PAUSS‐knee has the potential to effectively inform JIA medical decision‐making in real time.
A Photo‐Activated Continuous Reactive Oxygen Species Nanoamplifier for Dual‐Dynamic Cascade Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Xinlu , Guo Haizhen , Jia Shitian , Li Yong , Xing Suixin , Chang Jin , Wang Sheng
Published: August 2023

The special redox homeostasis of tumor cells makes reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐based approaches a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Among these approaches, photodynamic therapy is the most widely studied ROS‐based treatment due to its ability to achieve targeted therapy by local light irradiation. However, achieving efficient and continuous ROS generation without prolonged laser exposure is still challenging. In this work, a photo‐activated continuous ROS nanoamplifier is proposed for photodynamic–chemodynamic cascade therapy. Upon local laser irradiation, the nanoamplifier can continuously amplify cellular oxidative stress through a positive feedback loop of “light‐triggered ROS generation, ROS‐responsive prodrug activation, and Fenton reaction‐mediated ROS cyclic regenerative amplification”, avoiding tissue damage caused by excessive laser exposure. This strategy provides a potential pathway to overcome the limitations of ROS‐based therapeutic approaches.
Cooperative Copper Single‐Atom Catalyst in 2D Carbon Nitride for Enhanced CO2 Electrolysis to Methane
Authors: Roy Soumyabrata , Li Zhengyuan , Chen Zhiwen , Mata Astrid Campos , Kumar Pawan , Sarma Saurav Ch. , Teixeira Ivo F , Silva Ingrid F , Gao Guanhui , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Kibria Md Golam , Singh Chandra Veer , Wu Jingjie , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: August 2023

Renewable‐electricity‐powered carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction (eCO2R) to high‐value fuels like methane (CH4) holds the potential to close the carbon cycle at meaningful scales. However, this kinetically staggered 8‐electron multistep reduction suffers from inadequate catalytic efficiency and current density. Atomic Cu‐structures can boost eCO2R‐to‐CH4 selectivity due to enhanced intermediate binding energies (BEs) resulting from favorably shifted d‐band centers. In this work, 2D carbon nitride (CN) matrices, viz. Na‐polyheptazine (PHI) and Li‐polytriazine imides (PTI), are exploited to host Cu–N2 type single‐atom sites with high density (≈1.5 at%), via a facile metal‐ion exchange process. Optimized Cu loading in nanocrystalline Cu‐PTI maximizes eCO2R‐to‐CH4 performance with Faradaic efficiency (FECH4) of ≈68% and a high partial current density of 348 mA cm−2 at −0.84 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. Multi‐Cu substituted N‐appended nanopores in the CN frameworks yield thermodynamically stable quasi‐dual/triple sites with large interatomic distances dictated by the pore dimensions. First‐principles calculations elucidate the relative Cu–CN cooperative effects between the matrices and how the Cu local environment dictates the adsorbate BEs, density of states, and CO2‐to‐CH4 energy profile landscape. The 9N pores in Cu‐PTI yield cooperative Cu–Cu sites that synergistically enhance the kinetics of the rate‐limiting steps in the eCO2R‐to‐CH4 pathway.
Crystallization Control for Ambient Printed FA‐Based Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Lei , Huang Wenliang , Fang Junjie , Ding Zicheng , Jin Chengkai , Du Yachao , Lang Lei , Yang Tinghuan , Wang Shumei , Cai Weilun , Liu Chou , Zhao Guangtao , Yang Yingguo , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Bu Tongle , Zhao Kui
Published: August 2023

Upscalable printing of high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is highly desired for commercialization. However, the efficiencies of printed PSCs lag behind those of their lab‐scale spin‐coated counterparts owing to the lack of systematic understanding and control over perovskite crystallization dynamics. Here, the controlled crystallization dynamics achieved using an additive 1‐butylpyridine tetrafluoroborate (BPyBF4) for high‐quality ambient printed α‐formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films are reported. Using in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and optical diagnostics, the spontaneous formation of α‐FAPbI3 from precursors during printing without the involvement of  δ‐FAPbI3 is demonstrated. The addition of BPyBF4 delays the crystallization onset of α‐FAPbI3, enhances the conversion from sol‐gel to perovskite, and reduces stacking defects during printing. Therefore, the altered crystallization results in fewer voids, larger grains, and less trap‐induced recombination loss within printed films. The printed PSCs yield high power conversion efficiencies of 23.50% and 21.60% for a 0.09 cm–2area device and a 5 cm × 5 cm‐area module, respectively. Improved device stability is further demonstrated, i.e., approximately 94% of the initial efficiency is retained for over 2400 h under ambient conditions without encapsulation. This study provides an effective crystallization control method for the ambient printing manufacture of large‐area high‐performance PSCs.
Self‐Induced Dual‐Layered Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Toughness and High Ionic Conductivity for Ultra‐Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hu Xin , Ma Yitian , Qian Ji , Qu Wenjie , Li Yu , Luo Rui , Wang Huirong , Zhou Anbin , Chen Yi , Shi Keqing , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: August 2023

Lithium (Li) metal is considered as one of the most promising candidates of anode material for high‐specific‐energy batteries, while irreversible chemical reactions always occur on the Li surface to continuously consume active Li, electrolyte. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been regarded as the key component in protecting Li metal anode. Herein, a controllable dual‐layered SEI for Li metal anode in a scalable, low‐loss manner is constructed. The SEI is self‐induced by the predeposited LiAlO2 (LAO) layer during the initial cycles, in which the outer organic layer is produced due to the electrons tunneling through LAO, resulting in the reduction of electrolyte. The robust inner LAO layer can promote uniform Li deposition owing to its favorable mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, and the outer organic layer can further improve the stability of SEI. Benefiting from the remarkable effects of this dual‐layered SEI, enhanced electrochemical performance of the LAO–Li anode is achieved. Additionally, a large‐size LAO–Li sample can be easily obtained, and the preparation of the modified Li metal anode shows huge potential for large‐scale production. This work highlights the tremendous potential of this self‐induced dual‐layered SEI for the commercialization of Li metal anode.
Ultrahigh‐Speed Aqueous Copper Electrodes Stabilized by Phosphorylated Interphase
Authors: Sun Yuanhe , Yao Zeying , Lei Qi , Zhao Yuanxin , Ren Zhiguo , Zhang Wei , Si Jingying , Zhang Lei , Wen Wen , Zhu Daming , Li Xiaolong , Tai Renzhong
Published: August 2023

High‐energy metal anodes for large‐scale reversible batteries with inexpensive and nonflammable aqueous electrolytes promise the capability of supporting higher current density, satisfactory lifetime, nontoxicity, and low‐cost commercial manufacturing, yet remain out of reach due to the lack of reliable electrode–electrolyte interphase engineering. Herein, in situ formed robust interphase on copper metal electrodes (CMEs) induced by a trace amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.05 m in 1 m CuSO4–H2O electrolyte) to fulfill all aforementioned requirements is demonstrated. Impressively, an unprecedented ultrahigh‐speed copper plating/stripping capability is achieved at 100 mA cm−2 for over 12 000 cycles, corresponding to an accumulative areal capacity up to tens of times higher than previously reported CMEs. The use of solid‐electrolyte interface‐protection strategy brings at least an order of magnitude improvement in cycling stability for symmetric cells (Cu||Cu, 2800 h) and full batteries with CMEs using either sulfur cathodes (S||Cu, 1000 cycles without capacity decay) or zinc anodes (Cu||Zn with all‐metal electrodes, discharge voltage ≈1.02 V). The comprehensive analysis reveals that the hydrophilic phosphate‐rich interphase nanostructures homogenize copper‐ion deposition and suppress nucleation overpotential, enabling dendrite‐free CMEs with sustainability and ability to tolerate unusual‐high power densities. The findings represent an elegant forerunner toward the promising goal of metal electrode applications.
2D Amorphous Iron Selenide Sulfide Nanosheets for Stable and Rapid Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zheng Tian , Hu Pengfei , Wang Zhongchang , Guo Tianqi
Published: August 2023

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from large electrode volume change and sluggish redox kinetics for the relatively large ionic radius of sodium ions, raising a significant challenge to improve their long‐term cyclability and rate capacity. Here, it is proposed to apply 2D amorphous iron selenide sulfide nanosheets (a‐FeSeS NSs) as an anode material for SIBs and demonstrate that they exhibit remarkable rate capability of 528.7 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and long‐life cycle (10 000 cycles) performance (300.4 mAh g−1). This performance is much more superior to that of the previously reported Fe‐based anode materials, which is attributed to their amorphous structure that alleviates volume expansion of electrode, 2D nature that facilitates electrons/ions transfer, and the S/Se double anions that offer more reaction sites and stabilize the amorphous structure. Such a 2D amorphous strategy provides a fertile platform for structural engineering of other electrode materials, making a more secure energy prospect closer to a reality.
Regulating Exciton Diffusion in Antimony‐Based Perovskite‐Like Single Crystals toward Highly Efficient and Stable Luminescence
Authors: Zhuang Bihao , Jin Zicong , Deng Jiahuan , Xiong Hui , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong
Published: August 2023

Organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite has played an important role in optoelectronics and photonics due to their extremely high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, considering the strong nonmetallic property of antimony (Sb), the excitons in antimony‐based single crystals are usually dissipated in the form of non‐radiative recombination under organic‐inductive effect, which leads to the low PLQY. Herein, two kinds of perovskite‐like single crystals, i.e., (8‐HQ)2SbCl3 and (8‐HQH)SbCl4, are innovatively grown. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique luminescence characteristics are associated with the inductive effect of organic coordination and exciton effect in the metal octahedral skeleton. When Cl− replaces the organic ligand in (8‐HQ)2SbCl3, the inductive effect is reduced while the self‐trapped exciton effect in the metal octahedron is enhanced. Besides, the theoretical research on electron transmission in a modeling device reveals that the hydrogen bond of organic A‐site in the single crystal promotes the transition of electrons. Based on the luminescent properties of (8‐HQH)SbCl4, the white LED devices are obtained by coating (8‐HQH)SbCl4 and red phosphor on 450 nm LED chips.
Design of Furan‐Based Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Che Yuxuan , Niazi Muhammad Rizwan , Chan Quentin , Ghamari Pegah , Yu Ting , Ruchlin Cory , Yu Han , Yan He , Ma Dongling , Xiao Steven S. , Izquierdo Ricardo , Perepichka Dmytro F.
Published: August 2023

We explore a series of furan‐based non‐fullerene acceptors and report their optoelectronic properties, solid‐state packing, photodegradation mechanism and application in photovoltaic devices. Incorporating furan building blocks leads to the expected enhanced backbone planarity, reduced band gap and red‐shifted absorption of these acceptors. Still, their position in the molecule is critical for stability and device performance. We found that the photodegradation of these acceptors originates from two distinct pathways: electrocyclic photoisomerization and Diels–Alder cycloaddition of singlet oxygen. These mechanisms are of general significance to most non‐fullerene acceptors, and the photostability depends strongly on the molecular structure. Placement of furans next to the acceptor termini leads to better photostability, well‐balanced hole/electron transport, and significantly improved device performance. Methylfuran as the linker offers the best photostability and power conversion efficiency (>14 %), outperforming all furan‐based acceptors reported to date and all indacenodithiophene‐based acceptors. Our findings show the possibility of photostable furan‐based alternatives to the currently omnipresent thiophene‐based photovoltaic materials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluorinative Bifunctionalization of Aziridines and Azetidines with gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Li Dongdong , Shen Chaoren , Si Zhiyao , Liu Lu
Published: August 2023

An unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed fluorinative bifunctionalization of aziridines and azetidines was successfully developed via regioselective C−C and C−F bond cleavage of gem‐difluorocyclopropanes, leading to various β,β′‐bisfluorinated amines and β,γ‐bisfluorinated amines. This reaction was achieved by incorporating a 2‐fluorinated allyl group and a fluorine atom scissored from gem‐difluorocyclopropane in 100 % atom economy for the first time. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction underwent amine attacking 2‐fluorinated allyl palladium complex to generate η2‐coordinated N‐allyl aziridine followed by fluoride ligand transfer affording the final β‐ and γ‐fluorinated amines.
High dye separation performance of novel Cu‐BTC/PES MMMs with water‐stabilized Cu‐BTC nanoparticles
Authors: Gai Wenqiang , Xu Shanshan , Pan Jian , Pan Xinyu , Liu Yuanbiao , Li Qiaoling , Huang Lilan , Ma Yingnan
Published: August 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as porous materials, have been extensively applied in a variety of realms, but little of these has been reported used in sewage disposal field owing to its precariousness toward water. Herein, a novel mixed matrix membrane of polyethersulfone (PES) was synthesized using Cu‐BTC‐IPA, a hydrolytic resistance MOF modified with isopropanol (IPA), which exhibits high permeability and water stability. A significant increase in hydrophilicity of the membrane was found in the modified membranes compared with the pure membrane. The porosity measurement confirmed the increased efficiency of mass transfer in the modified membranes. An enhancement in membrane performance was observed by introducing the Cu‐BTC‐IPA filler into the PES matrix, with a remarkable increase (207%) in pure water flux observed compared to that of the pristine PES membrane (264.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), reaching 546.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Meanwhile, it exhibited superior rejection of dyestuffs (98.4% for Congo red and 98.9% for Coomassie brilliant blue). In addition, the Cu‐BTC‐IPA/PES mixed matrix membrane demonstrated remarkable anti‐biofouling properties, as evidenced by its high flux recovery rates of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. The consequences indicate that introducing stable MOF into mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is extremely effective in improving membrane performance for sewage treatment.
Synthesis, polymerization kinetics, and thermal properties of novel bismaleimides containing twisted structure
Authors: Xu Jilei , Chen Ping , Ma Shuaijiang , Zhu Guohao
Published: August 2023

In this study, two types of ortho‐oxazine functionalized bismaleimides with exceptional thermal properties and solubility were synthesized. The excellent solubility in many solvents is attributed to the stable twisted structure of the monomer. The monomer containing the cyano group showed enhanced solubility. It was found that the curing mode of ortho‐oxazine functionalized bismaleimide was autocatalytically cured. In situ FT‐IR spectroscopic studies indicated that the structure of bismaleimide resin undergoes a structural transformation at higher temperatures to form benzoxazole resin with enhanced thermal stability. The carbon residue rates of bismaleimide and benzoxazole resins at 800°C were 69% and 77%, respectively. The new bismaleimide and benzoxazole resins were analyzed using Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC), and it was found that they also possess excellent flame‐retardant properties, specifically benzoxazole resin.
Terpolymers of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid for carbon fiber precursor: Effect of comonomers on the thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile copolymers
Authors: Chen Qiufei , He Bin , Chen Yatian , Zhu Hongqiang , Malik Hamza , Wang Yuhang , He Jian , Ma Bomou , Wang Xueli , Zhang Hui , Liu Yong
Published: August 2023

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers are important precursors for the preparation of high‐performance PAN‐based carbon fibers. In this study, different ratios of P(AN‐co‐AMPS) and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) were prepared by solution polymerization. The compositional structure, thermal, and crystallization properties of P(AN‐co‐AMPS) and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) were characterized. The results show that an increase in the AMPS feeding ratio is beneficial for improving the thermal stability and crystallization ability of the PAN copolymer; however, it also reduces the molecular weight of the copolymer and increases the cyclization exothermic peak temperature, which is not conducive to the preparation of high‐performance carbon fibers. This problem is avoided in P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS), which maintains its high thermal stability and crystallization properties when appropriate amounts of MA and AMPS are introduced, and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) has smoother cyclization exothermic rates, lower onset exothermic temperatures and lower peak exothermic temperatures. The structural changes of PAN, P(AN‐co‐MA), and P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) during thermal stabilization were investigated in detail using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and it was found that P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) formed more stable structures at lower temperatures. Furthermore, when the AN:MA:AMPS mass ratio is 97.5:1.5:1, P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) has the best overall performance. Our results suggest that the P(AN‐co‐MA‐co‐AMPS) has potential as a precursor for carbon fibers.
Using represented bodies in Renaissance artworks to teach musculoskeletal and surface anatomy
Authors: Gross M. Melissa , Gear Jennifer E. , Sepponen Wendy M.
Published: August 2023

Surface anatomy is an important skill for students in preparation for patient care, and peer examination is often used to teach musculoskeletal and surface anatomy. An alternative pedagogical approach is to use bodies represented in artworks. Represented bodies display fictive anatomy, providing students with the opportunity to apply their musculoskeletal knowledge and to think critically when evaluating the anatomical fidelity of a represented body. An elective course at the University of Michigan enabled undergraduate students to analyze the musculoskeletal and surface anatomy depicted in Renaissance artworks. Students traveled to Italy in 2018 (n = 14) and 2022 (n = 15) to analyze the fictive anatomy portrayed in artistic sculptures and musculoskeletal structures depicted in wax anatomy models and sculpted skeletons. In assignments, students were asked to identify musculoskeletal structures as portrayed in the context of represented anatomy created by Italian Renaissance artists and to assess the fidelity of the depicted anatomy. The students also applied their knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy to describe body position and evaluate muscle function in their assessments of the accuracy or inaccuracy of the fictive anatomy. The students reported that evaluating the anatomical fidelity of represented bodies in artworks supported their learning of musculoskeletal and surface anatomy, and that their critical thinking skills improved in the course. Evaluation of the anatomical fidelity of represented bodies in artworks is an effective pedagogical approach that can be implemented in art museums as an adjunctive learning experience to deepen students' musculoskeletal and surface anatomy knowledge and further develop their critical thinking skills.
Review volume of the 10th international workshop on astronomy and relativistic astrophysics, from quarks to cosmos—IWARA 2022
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Rodrigo Sacahui Reyes José , Hess Peter O. , Piccinelli Gabriella , Vargas Magaña Mariana , Gonzalez Felipe Ricardo , Boller Thomas , Gullberg Steven , Hadjimichef Dimiter
Published: August 2023

We outline our motivation for publishing a review volume for the 10th edition of the International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics: from Quarks to Cosmos, IWARA2022, in addition to the publication of the proceedings of the event. Astronomische Nachrichten has been an admirable partner of the events known by the acronyms IWARA, STARS (Caribbean Symposium on Cosmology, Gravitation, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics) and SMFNS (International Symposium on Strong Electromagnetic Fields and Neutron Stars). This partnership, which had already been established for several years for the publication of the proceedings of these events, was extended to the publication of this volume, with the participation of keynote speakers, thus expanding the thematic scope addressed in these meetings.