bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proceso enfermero en neonato con retraso en la recuperación quirúrgica por atresia duodenal
Authors: Sánchez-Juárez Itzel Andrea , De Ávila-Arroyo María Luz , Tenahua-Quitl Inés , Torres-Reyes Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La atresia duodenal, es una malformación congénita donde una anormalidad anatómica o funcional ocasiona la falla del tránsito intestinal normal. El tratamiento de elección es la reparación quirúrgica, que tiene como objetivo restablecer la continuidad intestinal. Los neonatos sometidos a este tipo de procedimientos tienen alta morbilidad asociada a complicaciones quirúrgicas, sepsis y dehiscencia de herida quirúrgica. Objetivo: Implementar el proceso enfermero mediante el uso de las Taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC y GPC para contribuir al manejo del neonato con retraso en la recuperación quirúrgica por atresia duodenal. Metodología: Se abordó a través de un estudio de caso en el que se implementaron las etapas del proceso enfermero, la valoración se realizó por patrones funcionales de salud de Marjory Gordon, se priorizaron los patrones alterados e identificaron etiquetas diagnósticas. Presentación del caso: Neonato de 22 días de vida extrauterina, nació de 38.5 SDG de un hospital público, post-operada de plastia intestinal, tenía una herida quirúrgica dehiscente e infectada. Presentó signos de dolor agudo y complicaciones en la motilidad gastrointestinal como distención abdominal y residuo gástrico. Los resultados auxiliares de diagnóstico mostraron trombocitopenia y aumento de la proteína C reactiva. Conclusión: La jerarquización de los patrones funcionales afectados, permitió realizar la ejecución de un plan de cuidados y atender las respuestas humanas que el neonato presentó, a través de intervenciones sustentadas en evidencia científica.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ТЕРАПИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ДИАГНОЗОМ «НЕЙРОБЛАСТОМА» СОГЛАСНО ПРОТОКОЛУ NB-2004
Authors: Мария Галас, Алия Жайлаубаева Мария Галас, Алия Жайлаубаева , Бахрам Жумадуллаев, Айгуль Баязитовна Бахрам Жумадуллаев, Айгуль Баязитовна , Ляззат Манжуова, Риза Боранбаева Ляззат Манжуова, Риза Боранбаева
Published: July 2021

Нейробластома (НБ) – самая распространенная экстракраниальная солидная опухоль детского возраста, развивающаяся из клеток-предшественников симпатической нервной системы

Цель: Оценить результаты лечения пациентов с диагнозом «нейробластома» согласно протоколу NB-2004 в Научном центре педиатрии и детской хирургии (НЦПиДХ)

Материалы и методы: Проанализированы 113 случаев НБ, установленных в НЦПДХ с 2015 по ноябрь 2020 года: 57 мальчиков и 56 девочек. Медиана возраста на момент постановки диагноза 21,5 месяцев (0,8-191,8). Локализация опухоли: забрюшинно у 93 пациентов, в средостении – у 12; и в средостении, и забрюшинно – у 3, в области шеи – у 3, без первичного очага – у 2. В 22,1% случаев выявлена амплификация гена N-MYC, 1р - 5,3%. Стратификации на группы риска: «observation group» - 26 пациентов (23%), группа промежуточного риска (ГПВ) – 14 (12,4%), группа высокого риска – 73 больных (64,6%).
Анализ общей выживаемости (ОВ) и бессобытийной выживаемости (БСВ) выполнен методом Каплан-Майера в программе IBM SPSS Statistics.

Результаты: Медиана наблюдения составила – 20,4 месяца (0,03-132,43). Пятилетняя ОВ составила – 61,9%. 2-летняя БСВ – 35%. Прогрессия НБ отмечалась в 24 случаях (21,2%), рецидив НБ – у 18 пациентов (15,9%).
ОВ в группе высокого риска – 43,8%, в ГПВ – 85,7%, в группе низкого риска – 100%. 37 пациентам из группы высокого риска проведена ауто-ТГСК. ОВ в группе после ауто-ТГСК – 54,1%. Медиана наблюдения после ауто-ТГСК – 12,47 месяцев (0,13 месяцев до 61,03 месяца).

Выводы: Терапия согласно протоколу NB-2004 является эффективной и показывает высокую ОВ в низкой и промежуточной группе риска. ОВ в высокой группе риска – 43%, что требует оптимизации диагностики, разработки новых подходов терапии пациентов данной группы.
Ключевые слова: нейробластома, общая выживаемость, злокачественное новообразование.
PRIMARY EWING'S SARCOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Authors: Aigul Bekisheva, Anna Makhneva Aigul Bekisheva, Anna Makhneva , Minira Bulegenova, Galyjan Abyov Minira Bulegenova, Galyjan Abyov , Mahabbat Remkulova Mahabbat Remkulova
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumor occuring more frequently in childhood and adolescence, mainly observed during the first three decades of life. Microscopically consists of small round cells, with a high nuclear cytoplasmic index, originating from primitive neuroectodermal cells. Most often such tumor occurs in early childhood or adolescence. [1]
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Fazil Hajiyev Fazil Hajiyev
Published: July 2021

One of the global challenges facing the humanity in the 21st century is to improve the sustainable socio-economic development of countries. Thus, significant results have been achieved in Azerbaijan's socio-economic development over the past decade. The main reason for this is the implementation of large economic projects to ensure continued development in Azerbaijan. Innovative development of the economy is associated with the solution of the problem of promotion of innovation, the formation and development of innovative entrepreneurship, fundamental tax reforms and elimination of staff shortages in this area. The most important thing here is that the future state of the Republic of Azerbaijan will find the key government program "Strategic roadmap for key sectors of the national economy".
The socio-economic successes of Azerbaijan in recent years have also been reflected in the reports of reputable international rating agencies. Azerbaijan has been included in the top 20 reformist countries in the World Bank's Doing Business rating. In total, it ranks 34th out of 190 countries. The country is ranked ninth according to the Business Establishment Index. In this report, Azerbaijan entered the top five in the world in terms of starting a business by simplifying business registration and was ranked as one of the best practice countries.[17]
President Ilham Aliyev said at a conference on the results of the first year of implementation of the “State Program on socio-economic development of the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2019-2023”. to raise the level of competitive states. Therefore, given the challenges of the modern world, rapid development in the region will continue.
Taking into account all these pressing scientific issues, the article has become a research problem in the field of industry, agriculture, entrepreneurship and innovation in terms of effective implementation of the strategic roadmap and the importance of sustainable socio-economic development of Azerbaijan in general.
Keywords: strategic road map, social-economic development, industry, agrarian area, ownership, innovation.
CORRELATION OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCES OF THE CASPIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Gulshan Zeynalova Gulshan Zeynalova
Published: July 2021

The Caspian Sea is the largest body of water in Eurasia: After the collapse of the USSR, the water area of this region is a zone of interest for many states. [1]
The Caspian region rightfully serves as one of the most significant regions for most countries interested in the mineral resources that the Caspian is rich in. The Caspian Sea has a significant hydrocarbon reserves.
According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), hydrocarbon resources in the Caspian basin have the following values: oil - 48 billion barrels of oil, natural gas - 292 trillion. cubic feet (found and probable reserves), of which 75% and 67%, respectively, are produced or may be produced offshore.
The northern part of the Caspian Sea contains most of the oil reserves, while the southern sector of the Caspian Sea is rich in natural gas.[2]
It should be emphasized that the list of states that have the rights to use the resources of the Caspian Sea is as follows: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan.
It is impossible to correlate the importance of the oil and gas resources of the Caspian reservoir for each of the above countries, for the following reasons: Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are countries for which the hydrocarbon potential of the Caspian is the most important predictor of the formation and development of the economy, while for Kazakhstan, the use of oil and gas resources of the Caspian Sea plays an important , but not the most decisive role, since oil and gas deposits in this country are not limited to the Caspian region, but its economy is developing in other directions. Iran and Russia, however, are interested in influencing the direction of flows of oil and gas raw materials, including their transit through the territory of the countries. [3]
The last years for the Caspian region have become the years of a shift in the development of the oil and gas industry of the Caspian "five", which account for 17.6% of oil reserves and 46.4% of gas reserves in terms of global reserves.
It is assumed that on the territory of the Caspian shelf, which belongs to Russia, oil reserves amount to 270 million tons, natural gas reserves - 0.5 trillion cubic meters. m of gas. [4]
Of course, it is worth noting that the potential of the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea is significantly lower than the oil and gas potential of Yamal or Western Siberia, but the development of this region is important for the strategic development of the oil and gas sector, in particular offshore drilling.
FORECAST POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBON EXPORTS BY THE CASPIAN COUNTRIES AND METHODS OF THEIR TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Gulshan Zeynalova Gulshan Zeynalova
Published: July 2021

With the collapse of the USSR and the formation of new independent states in the post-Soviet space, the Caspian region gradually turned into a geopolitical space in which focused the attention of the leading world powers. Development the region since that time has led to its dramatic change with the transformation into one of the notable factors of global politics and economy. The key factor that largely determines the condition and development of the economic potential of the Caspian region and hydrocarbon resources are also influencing the geopolitical processes around it. The active development of oil and gas fields in the Caspian region initially raised the issue of ensuring the transportation of hydrocarbons with the aim of exporting them to foreign markets. At the same time, special emphasis is placed both on the expansion of the throughput capacity of the currently operating pipelines and on the implementation of projects for the construction of new ones. The formation of a single transport space based on the balanced development of an efficient transport infrastructure seems to be one of the most serious issues, in a positive solution of which all the Caspian countries, without exception, are interested.
Deteksi Dini Peripheral Artery Disease melalui Pemeriksaan Ankle Brachial Index pada Kelompok Prolanis di Puskesmas Poasia
Authors: Said Asbath , Novianti Asri Dwi , Fety Yulli
Published: July 2021

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) merupakan komplikasi Diabetes Melitus (DM) Perubahan pada dinding pembuluh darah menyebabkan penurunan aliran darah (perfusi) ke ekstremitas bawah yang ditandai dengan penurunan ankle brachial index (ABI). Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mendapatkan gambaran Nilai ABI pada pasien diabetes di kelompok prolanis Di Puskesmmas Poasia Kota Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, mendapatkan gambaran nilai ABI  pada pasien dengan DM yang terdaftar sebagai pasien prolanis di puskemas poasia kendari sebanyak 14 orang. Hasil penelitian diperoleh yaitu: rata-rata berjenis kelamin adalah perempuan sebanyak 11 responden, rata-rata usia responden 46-55 tahun sebanyak 6 responden responden, dan rata-rata lama menderita responden adalah 0-2 tahun sebanyak 9 responden. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh nilai ABI pada 14 pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe II (DM tipe II) masih banyak yang masuk dalam kategori normal  yaitu sebanyak 9 responden (64,3%)  dan terdapat (35,7%) responden memiliki ABI abnormal yaitu berada di kategori oklusi singan dan sedang. ABI normal pada responden dipengaruhi oleh rata-rata lama sakit DM hanya kurun waktu 5 tahun, hal tersebut yang menyebabkan nilai ABI dalam rentang normal dan belum banyak yang mengalami gangguan.
Biometric Parameters of Planting Material as a Test Indicator of Success of Pinus silvestris L. Plantations
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Sungurova Natalia , Drochkova Anna ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: July 2021

The creation and cultivation of artificial plantations of conifers largely depends on the planting material quality. The paper is devoted to the study of the relationship between the main parameters of planting material of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) with inventory indices of artificial plantations. Forest trials of Scots pine in the Arkhangelsk region, created in a haircap-moss forest site type, were investigated. Seedlings of Scots pine with standard size were divided into large, medium, small according to the diameter of the root cervix in order to set the experiment, which aimed to determine the relationship between the parameters of planting material and characteristics of the forming plantations. The research purpose determined the main task, mainly, to find out from which plants the “trees of the future” (fast-growing large specimens) are laid out. Plants grown from the large seedlings are characterized by the greatest height. This position, in relation to individuals formed from medium and small planting material, is maintained and gradually increases. From the initial phases of development, a kind of mobile equilibrium is established in the studied plantation. All the trees are growing at a very fast rate, but the initial (at the time of planting on the silvicultural area) size of the planting material corresponding to the pine plants that survived in different years on the plantations continues to remain constant. It was found that, the largest number of leaders (47 % of all survived seedlings) grew of the large seedlings by the end of the 2nd age class. Therefore, high-quality soil treatment together with the use of high-quality proportionally developed planting material significantly increases the inventory indices of plants in the stand, and allows getting the target assortments15–20 years earlier.
Technologies of Intermediate Felling in Difficult to Access Areas
Authors:   Pacific National University, Abuzov Alexandr , Ryabukhin Pavel ,   Pacific National University
Published: July 2021

The development of technologies and equipment that meet modern requirements of forest preservation and a gentle mode of forest exploitation becomes a relevant issue within the framework of the implementation of the sustainable forest management principles both at forestry enterprises and in the organization of forestry. Such technologies include developed and field-tested experimental methods of logging using balloon-rope systems for various types and methods of felling. Of particular interest is the concept of using this equipment based on the purpose logging and the environmental and forestry requirements for their implementation. The paper has informative and cognitive nature; its purpose is to provide professionals with information on new technologies and designs of specialized equipment to ensure a gentle mode of forest management and forest exploitation. The article presents the results of theoretical research on possible directions of use of balloon-rope systems when working on forest sites of specially protected natural areas. The authors propose the designs of specialized equipment for the vertical removal of trees (whips) in the process of intermediate felling on the areas with signs of hard access and ecological dependence. Such mechanisms will significantly reduce energy costs when removing branches and limbs from a standing tree and its vertical removal from the plantation. The developed designs of specialized mechanisms for skidding a vertically standing tree without its landing in the form of a grabbing, grabbingcutting and knot-cutting device with a grabber ensure the maximum possible preservation of the forest environment, since they do not cause damage to the nearby stand, the undergrowth or the soil.
Assessment of the Impact of Fires on Forest Ecosystems Considering the Level of Development of the Forest Transportation Network
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Kovalev Rudolf , Enaleeva-Bandura Irina ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Nikonchuk Alexandr ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: July 2021

Currently, we can state the fact that there is no developed unified scientific approach to determining the degree of the total ecological and economic damage from forest fires based on the ecosystem approach, taking into account the multipurpose of forest benefits and the dependence of achieving the effectiveness of forestry and fire-fighting measures on the level of development of the transportation network on the territory of the forest fund. Hence, we can conclude that the development of a method for assessing the magnitude of ecological and economic damage from fires to forest ecosystems considering the factor of planning a forest road network is an urgent scientific issue. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for assessing the degree of ecological and economic damage from fires to forest ecosystems, taking into account the planning factor of the forest road network and its testing. Within this framework, the article outlines the issues under study concerning the need for forecasting: the probability of forest fires, the area of their spread over the territory of the forest fund, the assessment of the degree of the possible ecological and economic damage to forest ecosystems. The study of these issues is necessary for the timely implementation of fire-prevention and restoration measures, as well as the determination of the value of optimal reserves sufficient to eliminate the consequences of forest fires, the assessment of the correlation of the indicator of total ecological and economic damage from fires with the level of development of the transportation network, which directly affects this indicator. The article presents a mathematical model developed by the authors, which forms the basis of the proposed method for assessing the degree of ecological and economic damage from fires considering the factor of planning the creation and development of the forest road network. The presented methodological development is based on the tools of economic and mathematical modeling, elements of the theory of probability and combinatorics, as well as an integrated interdisciplinary approach to the research object. The article also presents the results of a computational and numerical experiment using the developed methodological apparatus. The methodology proposed by the authors can be used in identifying the most fire-hazardous areas of the forest fund, development of measures to preserve biodiversity, planning logging, reforestation work, etc.
Mathematical Modeling of the Route of Logging Roads
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Borovlev Anton , Skrypnikov Alexey ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Kozlov Vyacheslav ,   Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter the Great, Tyurikova Tatyana ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Tveritnev Oleg ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Nikitin Vladimir ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University)
Published: July 2021

The implementation of tasks related to the development of the transportation network as a whole and logging roads as an integral part of it requires scientifically based theoretical studies of the patterns of formation of spatial curves when combining elements of the plan and the longitudinal profile, since the rational laying of the route for many years determines its most important transport and operational characteristics (speed, traffic safety, traffic capacity). Consideration of the visual perception of the road by the driver will improve the quality of design decisions, which will allow to avoid emergencies in the future after setting the route into service. On the other hand, a decrease in speed before seemingly sharp turns of the road affects the efficiency of logging road transport. Therefore, the view of the road ahead should strongly orient the driver, i.e. be visually clear and clearly changing, ensuring the constancy or smooth reduction of the traffic flow mode. At the same time, the need for a successful spatial solution of the road increases. In the designs of logging roads, straight lines, transition curves, described in recent years most often according to the clotoid, and circular curves are found as elements of the route plan. It is found that the road view in perspective correctly orients the driver of the car, i.e. it is visually clear, provided that the lines describing the edges of the roadway and the edges of the roadway in the perspective image are curved in the same direction as in the road plan. The purpose of the work is to determine a set of quantitative indicators (curvature, radius of the curve in the plan, maximum curvature, maximum rate of change of curvature) for optimization of the visual smoothness and clarity of the central projections of elementary spatial and plane curves. The performed studies allow us to fully characterize the visual smoothness and clarity of the central projections of elementary spatial and plane curves. The above algorithm makes it possible to compile a computer program to determine the mentioned indicators. The indicators determined by this algorithm allow us to evaluate both the visual smoothness and clarity of curves on logging roads.
Identification of the Crystalline Product of Liquid-Phase Oxidation of α-Pinene with Atmospheric Oxygen in the Presence of Cobalt (II) Stearate
Authors:   Belarusian State Technological University, Sosnovskaya Alexandra , Fleisher Viachaslau ,   Belarusian State Technological University
Published: July 2021

One of the possible directions of liquid-phase oxidation of α-pinene by atmospheric oxygen leads to the formation of a mixture of terpene oxygen-containing compounds (epoxides, alcohols, ketones, etc.). The problem of this direction is the formation of a large amount of 2,3-epoxypinane which over time turns into trans-sobrerol, campholene aldehyde, trans-pinocarveol, trans-carveol, and trans-3-pinen-2-ol as a result of hydrolysis. One of the abovementioned substances with a solid crystalline structure is trans-sobrerol. Sobrerol is widely used in perfumery for synthesis of synthetically fragrant substances and pharmaceutical industry, in particular, it is a part of medicines with mucolytic action, as well as in the treatment of headaches and diseases such as rhinorrhea and chronic bronchitis. The aim of this work is to identify a crystalline product produced by liquid-phase oxidation of α-pinene with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of cobalt (II) stearate. The process of liquid-phase oxidation was carried out in the following conditions: temperature – 70 °С, air consumption – 16.67 cm3/s, duration – 5 h, amount of catalyst – 0.2–0.5 wt.%. Then the mixture was exposed to steam distillation in order to separate monomers (they contain terpene oxygen-containing compounds and hydrocarbons) from polymers. As a result of settling and storage of the mixture, crystals were found and isolated from the mother liquor solution. Their identification was carried out using IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the spatial organization of the isolated crystals and the standard sample (Sigma Aldrich) is represented by multilayer rectangular plates. Analysis of the IR spectra of the crystals showed that the absorption band at a wave number of 3318 cm–1 corresponds to intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in hydroxyl groups, at wave numbers of 2887, 2935, 2975 cm–1 it corresponds to methyl groups. The results obtained are comparable with the results of the IR-spectrum of the standard sample. Given the results of previous studies of 1H NMR spectrum [15] and 13C NMR spectrum, it was determined that the resulting crystalline product of liquid-phase oxidation of α-pinene is trans-sobrerol.
Grishchenko. Protection of Spruce Forests from Outbreaks of Ips typographus (Review)
Authors:   State Nature Reserve Kurilskiy, Pirtskhalava-Karpova Nana , Karpov Aleksandr ,   State Nature Reserve Kurilskiy, Kozlovski Evgeniy ,   State Nature Reserve Kurilskiy, Grishchenko Mikhail ,   State Nature Reserve Kurilskiy,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: July 2021

Outbreaks of Ips typographus (L.) caused by catastrophic natural phenomena in Central Europe, Siberia and the Far East have been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Molecular methods were used to analyze the relationships and origin of Ips species. The review article shows in detail the biological characteristics of I. typographus, such as the effect of temperature on vital parameters and flight behavior. It was found that the spruce bark beetle disperses within 500 m. However, new attacks occur in the immediate vicinity of the old foci. The susceptibility and protection mechanisms of trees are critical to a successful bark beetle attack. The newly attacked trees react with preformed resin, reactions to wounds, and, ultimately, systemic changes in physiology. The risk assessment in the studies was carried out both at the tree level and at the forest level as a whole. The risk of an attack of I. typographus is associated with the growth of the forest in a particular area, age, the flow of nutrients and water to the tree. The dynamics of outbreaks, to a large extent, depend on the abundance of I. typographus, susceptibility of trees, weather conditions and phytosanitary measures. Bark beetle I. typographus is an integral component of any forest ecosystem. It colonizes weakened, weak or dead trees, and thus begins the decomposition of bark and wood. This pest is able to use short-lived resources and quickly multiply to extremely large numbers, for example, after winds. In such epidemic situations, I. typographus can pose a serious threat to spruce-rich forests, especially for stands planted outside their optimal range. The spatial development of I. typographus infections can be analyzed using GIS and multiple regression methods to investigate potential correlations between climatic, specific and phytosanitary factors and infection dynamics. Also, the article discusses various methods of forest control and emphasizes the need for more sophisticated risk assessment tools.
Laser Scanning and Aerial Photography with UAV in Studying the Structure of Forest-Tundra Stands in the Khibiny Mountains
Authors:   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nisametdinow Nail , Moiseev Pavel ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vorobiev Ivan ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

Studying the structure of stands is a key point in assessing the role of trees in carbon deposition. Information on the spatial structure of ground vegetation at the upper treeline is still insufficiently presented in modern studies. High resolution remote sensing can provide important data to understand the properties and dynamics of vegetation in these conditions. We test the applicability of ground-based mobile laser scanning of the terrain and aerial photography for the rapid and high-precision assessment of the characteristics of tree stands in the forest-tundra ecotone. We obtained canopy height models (CHMs) of the forest and supplemented them with aerial photographs of the research area on the southeastern slope of the Khibiny Mountains. Using CHMs we have delineated boundaries of tree crowns. The height and projection area were determined for each tree. The first characteristic obtained by laser scanning was compared to the heights of the same trees estimated by field measurements. This was done for the purposes of verification. The comparison revealed that laser scanning data allow to set heights closest to field measurements in case the heights are determined by the maximum values of brightness of pixels of CHMs with manual correction of values when outliers are detected (R2 = 0.84). Since manual correction of outliers is time-consuming, we proposed a way to automate the measurements by determining tree heights using the sum of the average value of pixel brightness and the standard deviation multiplied by 2.5 (R2 = = 0.79). We compared the area characteristics of the stands obtained by laser scanning and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography. Thus, we obtained detailed information on the spatial location and size of 4424 trees in an area of about 10 ha and compared the results of measuring tree characteristics obtained by different methods. It was also found that with increasing height from 290 to 425 m above sea level on the studied slope, the average height of stands decreases gradually from 4.5–5.0 to 1.1–1.6 m with small fluctuations (0.2–0.4 m), while the density of stands changes from 4620–5860 to 145 m2/ha in a non-linear way.
A descriptive cross-sectional study of Platelets count in apparently healthy Eritrean blood donors attending the National Blood Transfusion Center, Asmara, Eritrea
Authors:   Lecturer of Biochemistry, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eriteria, Abdon Faris Mohamed Awad , Adgoy Elias Teages ,   Head Department, Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea, Berhane Nahom Yacob ,   Laboratory Medicine, Quality control laboratory technician, National Blood Transfucion Service (NBTS), Eritrea, Ibrahim Senet Awolker ,   Medical Laboratory Sciences, Quality Manager, National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Eritrea, Khalil Adil Khalil Hussein ,   Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Seyoum Yemani ,   Dean Faculty, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea, Abbadi Osama Sharafeldin ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan. Current address: Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. P.O.Box: 22490, Riyadh11426
Published: July 2021

Background: Platelets are an important constituent of blood. Safety measures of blood transfusion are important for optimum health environment. To the knowledge of the researchers, there is no study that was conducted concerning Platelets count in apparently healthy Eritrean blood donors. Therefore, this study will help in establishing the reference ranges of Platelets count in them. Objectives: To measure the serum platelets levels and mean platelets volume in apparently healthy Eritrean blood donors attending the national blood bank of Eritrea. Study design: Descriptive crosssectional study. Materials and methods: 610 Blood donors were incorporated in the study. 4 ml of venous blood was collected into K3EDTA tubes (Becton Dickinson, Plymouth, UK) from all of the participants of the study. Blood samples collected into the (EDTA)-tubes were examined for Platelets count and mean platelet volume. Results: The overall mean of platelets count was 267.145 ± (65.915) ×109 /L, The median and mode of values were both 266.3 thousands/mm3. The mean platelet count for the females was 296.122 thousands /mm3, and for males was 252.477 ×109 /L, and the statistic difference between them was significant. The statistic mean of MPV for males was 8.763 fl, and for females was 8.717, and the difference between the two means also considered insignificant. Conclusion: This descriptive cross sectional study was performed in the National Blood bank in Asmara where platelets levels and mean platelets volume were measured for 610 healthy blood donors. The results were found to be within reference normal ranges. The difference between the males and females results was statistically significant
Evaluation of the quality of educational services of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences from the perspective of medical interns
Authors:   Professor, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Ayatollahi Jamshid , Mina Ahmadali ,   Medical student, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein ,   Researcher, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Published: July 2021

The higher education system has important responsibilities in the development of economic, social, political, cultural and educational communities. Service quality assessment is one of the key steps in formulating quality improvement plans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and determine the quality of educational services of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was performed on medical students admitted to internship at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, in 2019. The sample size was census and simple sampling of all medical students in internet. The items that were incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Anova test was used to analyze the quality of education services on average. The highest mean score in the expected status section was in the guarantee section (0.6 ± 6.4) and the lowest score was in the accountability section (0.9 ± 6.1). In the perceived status section, the highest score belonged to reliability (1.1 ± 3.8) and the lowest score to empathy (1.3± 2.9). Paired t-test results were also significant in all dimensions of quality of educational services between the status perceived and expected status. In all five dimensions, there is a gap in the quality of educational services and it is not desirable in terms of educational services. The scientific level of the professors and their specialized knowledge is of high quality for the students 'education, but the low average in the empathy dimension indicates that more attention should be paid to medical students' opinions and suggestions on educational issues.
Determination of Relative Frequency of Calretinin Expression in Patients with Breast Cancer in Yazd, Iran
Authors:   Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, International branch, Yazd, Iran, Arjmandzadeh Ehsan , Binesh Fariba ,   Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,   Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is known as the most common type of cancer among women in the world. Several methods have been proposed to predict the behavior of breast carcinoma. Recently calretinin has been found to be a reliable factor in predicting tumor survival rate in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of calretinin expression in patients with breast cancer in Yazd,Iran. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, the clinicopathologic features and the outcome of patients with breast cancer from 2017 to 2018 were reviewed at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. The influence of potential prognostic parameters in the overall survival was investigated by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: Among 100 cases with breast carcinoma, 14.5% were positive for calretinin. The distribution of the rate of positivity of IHC markers including ER, PR, P53, Ki67 and Her2 was 62.9%, 57.1%, 46.2%, 80.5% and 22.1%, respectively. The most common grade and stage were grade2 and stage3 respectively. There was no significant difference in the status of IHC markers (including ER, PR, Her2 and Ki67) in terms of calretinin. 66.7% of the patients with calretinin positive results were P53 positive. The results of the mean tumor size distribution in the two groups of positive and negative calretinin showed a significant difference (P-value = 0.05). A lower age at the time of diagnosis was found in patients with calretinin positive results (P-value = 0.119). The mean survival rate in calretinin positive group was 6.71 years and 6.62 years in calretinin negative patients which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated an association between calretinin expression and other IHC markers (although not statistically significant) in predicting poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, we found a statistically significant association among calretinin with smaller tumor size and lower age at the time of diagnosis in patients with breast cancer.
COVID-19 Data Based on Wavelet Coherence Estimates for Selected Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE, Babker Asaad Ma. , Lyashenko Vyacheslav ,   Department of Informatics, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Ukrainе
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: The development of the COVID-19 pandemic makes it necessary to conduct various studies on this topic. One of the key questions is the study of the dynamics of the development of this disease. It is important to know for each country. At the same time, the study of the dynamics of the development of COVID-19 for countries in a particular region is relevant. The main objective of this study is to analyze the main indicators of the development of the COVID-19 epidemic for individual countries in the eastern Mediterranean.abbreviations if possible. Materials and Methods: We review statistics that characterize the total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19, total number of recovered, total number of deaths. This is cumulative data. These data are considered for each individual country from the selected region. Also summarized data for the selected region are considered. To analyze the data, we use estimates of the wavelet coherence values. Results: We obtained estimates of wavelet coherence values for countries such as: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey and Cyprus. These estimates reflect the depth of the relationship between total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and total number of recovered, between total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and total number of deaths. This makes it possible to assess the degree of influence between the series of data that are being investigated. This allows us to draw conclusions about the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The results are obtained that explain some aspects of the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in individual countries of the selected region
Clinicopathologic and Survival Characteristics of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix in Yazd, Iran
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Binesh Fariba , Azadi Sanaz ,   Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Akhavan Ali , Zade Tahmine Hashemi ,   Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Kamal Pegah ,   Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Though the incidence of cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC) has reduced during recent years, the amount of cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) has propagated. There is a controversy over whether prognosis is better in SCC or AC. Similar studies have not been conducted in Iran. Material and methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study that is based on historical cohort method. In this retrospective work, all cases of cancer patients were studied from 2004 to 2015 and the medical records of all women recognized with cervical SCC and AC treated in Shahid Sadoughi teaching hospital and Shahid Ramesanzadeh Radiotherapy Center were recovered. In these patients, the epidemiologic characteristics, survival and the factors affecting the survival were investigated. Statistical analysis included frequency table and Chi-Square test. Patient survival was assessed using Kaplan- Meier assessments, and multivariate analysis was done by the Cox regression mode. Results: This study was done on 158 patients identified with cervical carcinoma. Their mean age at the time of diagnosis was 53.3987±1.02150 years. According to histopathologic types, 132 of the patients were classified as SCC with mean age of 52.4840±1.10612 years; while 26 patients were identified as AC with mean age of 58.0385±2.49830 years. The overall survival was 96.338±4.434 months (95% confidence interval) and it was 100.459±4.342 and 54.475±5.334 months for SCC and AC respectively. In the early and advanced stages, overall survival of patients with SCC was different (p=0.001). It was true about the patients with AC (p=0.002). Conclusion: The results of the current study showed the prognosis is worse in patients with cervical AC than cervical SCC
Comparison of overall survival, local recurrence and distant metastasis of breast-conserving therapy with modified radical mastectomy in Iranian women with stage I and II breast cancer
Authors:   Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Mozafari Alireza , Binesh Fariba ,   Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,   Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran, Akhavan Ali ,   Department of Radiotherapy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Eshaghie Zeynab ,   Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Emami Mahyasadat ,   Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Haidari Mahbubeh ,   General Practitioner, Yazd, Iran
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer effects on younger patients and how it behaves more severely in Iran. This matter may influence the efficacy of breast conservation surgery (BCT) and radical mastectomy (MRM) as common treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the overall survival, local recurrence and distant metastasis of these two surgical methods in Iranian women with stage I and II of breast cancer. Material and methods :This historical cohort study was performed on women with stage I&II of breast cancer who had undergone MRM and BCT and had referred to Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran, from 2005 to 2012.Patient’s characteristics, tumor information, treatment modalities, local recurrence, distant metastasis and overall survival were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using chisquare, t-test, log-rank and Kaplan-Meier tests. The study code of ethics is IR.SSU.MEDICINE.REC.1394.318. Results: 506 patients were included in this study, 285 (56.3%) in the MRM group and 221 (43.7%) in the BCT group. The mean age of the patients was 47.69 ± 10.62 years. Most of the patients (408 patients or 80.6%) were in stageII and the rest (98 patients or 19.4%) were in stage Iof the disease. Distant metastasis occurred in 23.94% (17 cases) of the patients in the BCT group and in 76.05% (54 cases) of the patients in the MRM group. The MRM group was indicative of more distant metastasis (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding local recurrence (p = 0.83). Overall survival in the BCT group was 105.43 ± 2.06 months and in the MRM group it was 96.26 ± 2.16 months, indicating a higher overall survival in the BCT group (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that women with MRM had higher metastasis and lower overall survival. Also, local recurrence was not significantly different between the two groups. Considering the results, it is possible to recommend BCT as the treatment of choice for Iranian women.
Dengue-triggered Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adolescent with autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors:   Consultant, Department of Neurosciences, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Sankaranarayanan Muthukani , Velayutham Suganya ,   DNB Resident, Department of Medicine, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Vani N ,   Senior Consultant Physician, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Usharani K ,   Senior Consultant Pathologist, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life threatening hyperinflammatory hematological syndrome characterized by cytokine storm and the diagnosis can be missed as it mimics sepsis or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Case Report: A 15-year old adolescent girl presented with six-day history of high grade intermittent fever with easy fatigability and dyspnea on exertion. She was found to have severe anemia elsewhere (Hemoglobin- 4 g/dl, normal 11-16.5 g/dl) and referred to our hospital due to persistent fever, tiredness and recurrent vomiting. On examination she was pale and febrile. Her blood investigations revealed moderate anemia, leukopenia and markedly elevated liver transaminases with coagulopathy. Dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies were positive suggestive of acute dengue infection. Further workup revealed markedly elevated serum ferritin (37973 ng/ml, normal 10-120 ng/ml) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (5311 U/L, normal 180-360 U/L). Plasma fibrinogen level was low (164 mg/dl, normal 200-400 mg/dl). Bone marrow biopsy done on day 3 revealed hemophagocytosis. Serum TSH was mildly elevated (6.5 mU/L, normal 3.5-5 mU/L) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies (68 IU/ml, normal <5.6 IU/ml) were also significantly elevated. Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to dengue infection and autoimmune thyroiditis was made. She was treated with dexamethasone 10 mg/m2 /day from day 3 of admission along with supportive treatment. She rapidly improved and her laboratory parameters returned back to normal at 1 week of follow up. Conclusion: Dengue fever with unexplained severe anemia in the absence of bleeding should be evaluated for HLH as timely initiation of treatment will be life saving
A developing brain abscess as acute stroke mimic: presentation of case and review of literature
Authors:   M.D. Purok Morning Star, Brgy. Olingan, Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte, Jumawan Ma. Kahra Christy E. , Edgardo B. EPE ,   M.D., Dep.t of Pediatrics, Governor Celestino Gallares Memorial Hospital M. Parras St., Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines 6300, Salise-Oncog Anabella A. ,   MD, DPPS, FSPCCMP, FPSCCM, Department of Pediatrics, Gov. Celestino Gallares Memorial Hospital, Janssen Heights, Dampas District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol 6300, Philippines
Published: July 2021

Whether brain abscess is a cause, or a complication of stroke has been a question that elicited differing opinions. We report a case of a child who initially presented with hemiparesis and seizures. Initial brain tomography did not show hemorrhage or infarction. He was managed as a case of childhood stroke. The neurologic manifestations gradually improved until the 17th day of hospitalization when regression of the motor strength and anisocoria occurred. A repeat brain tomography showed multiple masses and vasogenic edema consistent with brain abscess.