bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sisteminde Kilit Bir Aktör: Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığı
Authors: AKCAGÜNDÜZ Emre
Published: September 2021

16 Nisan 2017’de gerçekleştirilen Anayasa referandumu ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin yönetim yapısında önemli değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Bu tarihten itibaren parlamenter sistemden başkanlık sistemine doğru bir geçiş yaşanmıştır. Bu geçiş ve akabinde çıkarılan uyum yasaları ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri ile merkezi yönetimin başkent teşkilatı büyük oranda değişmiştir. Özellikle yürütme erki tek başlı hale getirilmiştir. Cumhurbaşkanı, yürütmenin tek sahibi olmuş, merkezi yönetim de bu eksende şekillendirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede Cumhurbaşkanlığı teşkilatında daha önce Türkiye’nin idari yapısında var olmayan farklı birimler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu birimlerin başında da Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığı gelmektedir. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığı, bir önceki sistemde bulunan Cumhurbaşkanlığı Genel Sekreterliği yerine kurulmuştur. Fakat Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığı, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Genel Sekreterliği’ne oranla daha fazla görev ve yetkiye sahiptir. Özellikle Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanı, en yüksek dereceli devlet memuru sıfatına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda, hakkında henüz çalışma yapılmadığı fark edilen Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığı incelenmiştir. Çalışma üç bölüm olarak tasarlanmıştır. Birinci bölümde, çalışmanın kavramsal çerçevesini oluşturan “hükümet sistemleri” tartışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemine geçiş süreci açıklanmıştır. Bu bölümde 2007 Anayasa Referandumu ve 2017 Anayasa Referandumu değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemi çerçevesinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı teşkilatında nasıl bir değişiklik olduğu ve bu değişiklikte Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığının yeri ve önemi tartışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde de çalışma sürecinde elde edilen veriler çerçevesinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemi ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı İdari İşler Başkanlığı hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Türk - Amerikan İlişkileri: Suriye Gerilimi
Authors: ÇELİKASLAN Mehmet Nur
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmada liberal değerleri paylaşan iki müttefik ülke Türkiye ve ABD arasında yaşanan gerilimlerin ve tarafların çatışan çıkarlarının kavramsal çerçeveye hangi açıdan meydan okuduğu, Suriye gerilimi örneğinde sergiledikleri yaklaşımlar üzerinden incelenecektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, özellikle 2002-2020 döneminde Türkiye ve ABD arasında küresel gelişmelerden kaynaklı farklılaşan ulusal güvenlik kaygıları ve çıkarlarının neden olduğu Suriye gerilimi konusunda, sorunun çözümü için, tarafların liberal bir yaklaşımı mı yoksa realist bir yaklaşımı mı tercih ettiklerini incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, nitel araştırma desenlerinden vaka çalışması türlerinden açıklayıcı/tanımlayıcı durum yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemde veri toplama amacı ile kullanılan araçlardan olan mülakat yöntemi ve doküman incelemesi ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda İki ülke arasında gerçekleşen Suriye geriliminin ABD tarafının problemleri liberal bir yaklaşımla müzakere ederek çözmek yerine, realist yaklaşımı benimsediği bir olay olduğu tespitine ulaşılmıştır.
Faunal diversity of Theridiidae (Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in India: An updated checklist
Authors: Rajendra Singh
Published: September 2021

Faunal biodiversity of the comb-footed spiders (Theridiidae: Araneomorphae: Araneae: Arachnida) in
different states of India and union territories is presented herewith. A total of 138 species placed under 42
genera of Theridiidae were recorded in all states and union territories of India except for Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Nagaland, and Punjab and two union territories, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, and
Lakshadweep, out of which 45 species (32.6%) were strictly endemic. However, among them, 14 species seem to
be case of erroneous report or misidentification. The maximum number of species (53 species) were recorded in
Maharashtra followed by 51 from Kerala, 39 species from Gujarat, 33 species from Karnataka, 29 species from
Tamil Nadu, 27 species from Jammu and Kashmir, 20 species from Uttarakhand, 17 species from West Bengal, 16
species from Assam, 15 species from Uttar Pradesh, 12 species each from Goa and Odisha, 11 species from
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 10 species each from Puducherry, Rajasthan and less than 10 species are
recorded from other states. Four species are considerably widely distributed (in 10 or more states and union
territories), viz. Chrysso angula (Tikader, 1970), Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846), Nihonhimea mundula (L. Koch,
1872), and Argyrodes argentatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880. Several species of Theridiidae reported from India
are recorded only from one state or from the type locality. Hence, extensive faunistic surveys for these spiders
are required throughout the country.
Impact of Methoprene Against the Egg Biochemistry of Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica Staint. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: S. K Tiwari
Published: September 2021

: Exposure of first instar larvae of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica to the sublethal concentrations i.e. 4, 8
and 12 ppm of methoprene caused dose-dependent alterations in the biochemical constituents of the eggs (laid
within 24 h of mating by different crosses involving one or the other or both sexes emerged from treated culture).
Such biochemical changes in eggs might lead to impairment of embyonic and post-embryonic growth and
development of this pest, and hence, evolution of a new generation of this lepidopterous pest for the eventual
establishment on stored cereals and cereal commodities can be considerably restricted.
Fish Diseases Analysis Used as Bioindicators for Water Quality and its Importance for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Lopes Fábio Flores
Published: September 2021

Species of fish are important vehicles for the transfer of contaminants to human populations, and may
show the potential exposure to pollutants. They have been used as representative taxocenosis of aquatic ecosystem
biotic community and as a environmental quality assessment tool. Its use in environmental monitoring has several
advantages because they are directly associated with agent stressors. The objective of this study was to relate the
histopathological changes observed and to verify the significance of histological analysis as a method of
histopathological evaluation in studies carried out in the area. The study also includes the importance of such type
of analysis in environmental change and to efficiently measure the degree of exposure in aquatic organisms to
chemical contaminant.
For histological analysis the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and then decalcified, dehydrated with
ethyl alcohol for impregnation and paraffin embedding and cut at 5-7 µm. The sections were stained with
Hematoxylin and Eosin. Several types of alterations were observed in the specimens, some of them macroscopically
visible. The occurrence of this type of alteration is evidence of the presence of pollutants and/or degraded habitats
of the environments and the analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of their frequency of occurrence in these
environments represents an important source of evaluation and monitoring of water quality in these environments.
Effect of Dietary Probiotics Isolated from the Gut of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) on its Growth Performance and Digestive Enzyme Activities
Authors: K.H Mariyam , K.P Greeshma , P.R Ramesh , E Pushpalatha
Published: September 2021

A 60 days experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different doses of two probiotics on
growth parameters and digestive enzyme activities of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Tilapia were fed with
probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans isolated from the gut of tilapia, at concentrations of 1x10 2
CFU g ?1, 1 ×10 4 CFU g ?1, 1 ×10 6 CFU g ?1, 1 ×10 8 CFU g ?1 and the probiotic bacteria fed separately. The growth
parameters such as %weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conv ersion ratio and feed efficiency and the
digestive enzyme assays such as amylase, protease and lipase were measured. During the 60 days experiment all the
parameters were measured at 15 days intervals. The results show significant improvement in digestive enzyme
activities and growth parameters.
Fish Assemblage of the Una Biological Reserve, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Fábio Flores-Lopes , M Silva Augusta
Published: September 2021

The Biological Reserve of Una, located in the south of Bahia, is a region with v ery little information about
the composition, diversity and spatial distribution of the species. The objective of the present study was to know the
composition and structure of the fish assembly of the streams of Biological Reserve of Una – REBIO. Four sampl es
were taken at sev en points distributed in six streams, one being outside the reserve limits, between February 2011
and March 2012. The specimens were captured with trawls of the picaré and puçá type. In the field, the specimens
were anesthetized, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and placed in 70% alcohol. The species were identified with
specialized bibliography. The specimens that remained in doubt were sent to specialists from the Federal University
of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) for identification.
Then the material was deposited in the scientific collection of the State University of Santa Cruz (UESC). The
occurrence constancy index, Shannon Diversity Index, Margalef Wealth and the Pielou Equity index were applied. In
the ecological indexes, the ABC curv es and the MDS ordering method were calculated. A similarity matrix was
calculated from the Bray Curtis index. W statistic consisting of a numerical summary of the ABC curve was applied.
The t - test was used to verify the lev el of significance at 9 5%. A total of 5549 individuals belonging to 4 orders, 9
families and 22 species were collected, of which 8 had indefinite taxonomic status, which confirms that the region is
little explored from the point of view of the ichthyofauna. The results indicate the dominance of opportunistic
species and demonstrate the influence of environmental conserv ation on the composition of the fish congregation.
The lack of studies in the region and human occupation refl ect the presence of undescribed species and the risk of
extinction and the creation of a conservation strategy.
Microplastics Contamination in the Environment: An Ecotoxicological Concern
Authors: T Sreelakshmi , K. C Chitra
Published: September 2021

The accumulation of plastic products in the terrestrial and aquatic environment is one of the major
concerns in recent years. The quality of the ecosystem is affected globally due to the large production, ubiquitous
usage, and poor plastic waste disposal. Plastic debris is categorized based on its size as macroplastics, mesoplastics,
microplastics, and nanoplastics, respectively. Microplastics are the emerging contaminant that occurs in varying
shapes like tiny beads, spheres, films, fragments, fibres, and filaments. The use of microplastics in cosmetics and
abrasion from large plastic items including textile fibres and tyres are suspected to contaminate the environment
when it reaches the aquatic ecosystem. Indian coastal waters are polluted by microplastics owing to
industrialization, overpopulation, tourist and maritime activities. Many species of fishes, reptiles, birds, and
mammals are directly threatened by entanglement or ingestion, and some marine mammals consume a large
amount of microplastic debris by raptorial feeding thereby leads to trophic transfer. Humans are considered as the
most exposed organisms than other vertebrates as they occupy at the top of the food chain. Certain government
legislations have been put forth to ban some products that are considered as the major contributor to plastic debris.
Recently, the use of bioplastics is increased all over the world to replace microplastics in industrial and commercial
products. However, there is little awareness of the microplastic pollutants among the public, thus the main motive
of this review is to provide public awareness and responsibility to limit the use of plastics that adversely damage
our environment
Identification and Confirmation of Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer, 1916 (Diptera: Chironomidae) Using DNA Barcoding
Authors: Deepak Rawal , Himani Verma , Gyata Prajapat
Published: September 2021

Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species level. To
assess molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, DNA barcoding was done using Sanger dideoxy sequencing of
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of larval sample. Bioinformatics analysis was done by
using NCBI’s BLAST software. By evidence of DNA barcoding, it was confirmed that present larval chironomid
species was Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer, 1916.
GIS Mapping and Distribution of Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in India by Using Citizen Science Data
Authors: Adesh Kumar , Ankit Sinha , Amita Kanaujia
Published: September 2021

The Indian peacock or Blue peafowl (Pavo cristatus.), the largest of the pheasants commonly called Mor or
Mayur, is a bird species recognized for its beauty. Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl) has been justifiably declared as
the National Bird of India in 1963. In India, it is given the ultimate protection by its inclusion in the Schedule I of
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The main objective is to encourage citizen participation in generating baseline
information using sight records and enable long-term monitoring of Indian peafowl in India. The present study
deals with the status and distribution of Indian peafowl in India and the data used is taken from the citizen science
database of eBird. The complete dataset of Indian peafowl from 2001-2017 was used to prepare the distribution
maps in different years as well as to obtain information on the species' location, and the number of a social group in
India. Some potential reported sites were verified during 2013–2017 by visiting the distinct locations. From 2001 to
2017 we found 71,632 records from 15,151 contributors across 26 states/union territories of India. Percentage of
individuals observed was 38% (in 2017), 27% (in 2016) and 16% (in 2015) whereas 0% was recorded in 2002,
2006 and 2007. The citizen science data obtained thus has the potential for increasing our understanding of current
peafowl distribution patterns, and for categorizing important sites for conservation/protections and to perform
occupancy and habitat modeling of Indian peafowl species in India.
Human Health Risk Assessment and Histopathological Alterations in Puntius sophore of Damsal Nala, Sukinda Chromite Valley, Odisha, India
Authors: Sekhar Mondal Niladri , Arghya Mandal , Debraj Kole , Atanu Patra , Subhas Das , Apurba Ratan Ghosh
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present study was to assess the concentration of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) like As,
Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb in the Damsal Nala of Sukinda Chromite Valley, Jajpur of Odisha (India) and its subsequent
histopathological lesions in the fish Puntius sophore. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) methods were used to evaluate the concentrations of PTMs in the muscles
of fish, Puntius sophore collected from different zones namely upstream discharge zone (UDZ) and upstream zone
(UZ) of the Damsal Nala and control water bodies (CW). In the UDZ of Nala, the concentration of metals viz., Cd, Pb
and Fe were 2 to 7 times, and Cr was 77 times higher than the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO
and FAO in the fish muscles. The values of Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) of all these 6 metals were <1 in CW and
UZ, but in UDZ the THQ values of Cr and Fe were >1. Hazard Index (HI) for UDZ was 3.47, indicated the alarming
concentration of metal which can pose serious risk to human health. Histopathological observations in liver and
kidney of Puntius sophore collected from UDZ demonstrated the serious lesions, but mild damage in fish collected
from UZ. These histological alterations and the health risk indices disclosed the effects of effluents of chromite
mining and the impact on the ecological balance which may result into health hazards to the local human population
who are maintaining their livelihood by consuming these fish as protein source.
Evolución del cáncer papilar de tiroides en acromegalia
Authors: Bautista Litardo Noemí , Salazar Patricio , Jaramillo Encalada Ivanna , Valdivieso Jara Sonia
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La acromegalia se produce por un adenoma hipofisario somatotropo, que secreta una excesiva  producción de GH e IGF1, se relaciona con mayor riesgo de tumores malignos, no guardando asociación con un patrón especifico de presentación y el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evolución del cáncer papilar de tiroides en acromegalia.

Casos: Se trata de tres pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma papilar de tiroides (CPT) con diferente pronóstico, con características faciales, y sintomatología como cefalea, alteraciones del campo visual, alteraciones menstruales, que condujeron a la realización de estudios bioquímicos, de imagen y al diagnóstico de acromegalia. 

Evolución: La aparición de cáncer de tiroides varía en el tiempo de evolución de la acromegalia, en dos de los casos lo antecedió y en el tercero se presentó a la par con esta patología. La respuesta al tratamiento en el CPT es indeterminada en la primera paciente y \excelente en los otros casos; en una paciente se alcanzó remisión.

Conclusiones: la coexistencia de acromegalia con cáncer tiroides es posible, que los cambios acrales, faciales y la sintomatología expansiva del tumor conducen al diagnóstico de acromegalia y que la identificación de malignidades no guarda relación con la evolución de la enfermedad.
Citología e histología de la enfermedad nodular tiroidea, estudio transversal
Authors: Solis Sánchez Carlos , Vecchionacce Queremel Mariella , Pacheco García Julio , Cevallos Velez Ketty , Franco Bajaña Maria , Lucas Mera Eli , Saltos Viteri Diana , Mora Lourdes
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Los nódulos tiroideos se presentan entre el 4 al 8 % de la población, de los cuales hasta el 15% tienen etiología neoplásica. Las nódulos sospechosos de malignidad requieren la realización de punción, aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) y la citología maligna reportada mediante sistema Bethesda tiene que ser corroborada con el estudio anatomopatólógico una vez realizada la excisión nodular. El objetivo del presente estudio es presentar la experiencia de un centro de referencia de pacientes con nódulos tiroideos.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo en el Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS CEIBOS, desde Junio 2017 a Julio 2019. El Universo estuvo compuesto por todos los casos con diagnóstico de nódulo tiroideo que requirieron PAAF. Se utiliza en sistema Bethesda para los reportes.

Resultados: Fueron 349 casos de pacientes con nódulos tiroideos, mujeres (89%), edad entre 60 – 69 años (26%). 71 casos (21%) BETHESDA I;  220 casos  (63%) BETHESDA II; 11 casos (3%) BETHESDA III; 15 casos (4%) BETHESDA IV; 15 casos (4%) BETHESDA V; y 17 casos (5%) BETHESDA VI. Malignidad de los nódulos tiroideos post en BETHESDA I 1%; de BETHESDA II 21%; BETHESDA III 56%, BETHESDA IV, 33%; BETHESDA V 71%; y BETHESDA VI 100%.

Conclusión: La citología Benigna (Bethesda II) fue la más predominante, seguido de la Citología Insatisfactoria (Bethesda I) con un 21%.En la población estudiada el riesgo real de malignidad en los nódulos tiroideos que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente de las Categorías de diagnóstico citopatológicas BETHESDA II, IV, V y VI, confirmado por histopatología; fueron similares a lo esperado encontrándose dentro del rango estimado por el Sistema Bethesda 2017. La categoría citopatológica Bethesda III (AUS/FLUS) presentó una tasa de malignidad más alta que el límite superior descrito por el Sistema Bethesda 2017, confirmando la necesidad de mayores estudios en este tipo de pacientes.
PENGELOLAAN BUMDES CIKAHURIPAN MAJU BERBASIS EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Mardoni Yosi , Hadziq M. Fuad , Susila Arief Rahman , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: September 2021

The rural sector is a sector that must be a major concern. This sector has the opportunity to develop and have a positive impact on the village economy if it is optimized. One of the spearheads of the village in advancing its economy is Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The existence of BUMDes is expected to be one of the incentives for rural economic growth. The role of the Sharia economy in advancing the rural sector has provided many examples of success. One of the most phenomenal is the grameen bank in Bangladesh. The purpose of this service activity is to revive the rural sector, especially human resources in BUMDEs. The method used is by conducting training and guidance. It is hoped that the guidance training method can strengthen the understanding of BUMDes human resources on the principles of Islamic economics. The application of Islamic economic principles in the implementation of BUMDes is expected to foster positive values which will provide blessings in the BUMDes business.

Sektor pedesaan merupakan sektor yang harus menjadi perhatian utama. sektor ini memiliki peluang untuk dapat berkembang dan memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian desa apabila mampu dioptimalkan. Salah satu ujung tombak desa dalam memajukan perekonomiannya adalah Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Adanya BUMDes diharapkan menjadi salah satu rangsangan untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi desa. Peran ekonomi Syariah dalam memajukan sektor pedesaan sudah memberikan banyak contoh keberasilan. Salah satunya yang paling fenomenal adalah Grameen bank yang ada di Bangladesh. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk membangkitkan sektor pedesaan khususnya sumber daya insani di BUMDEs. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pelatihan dan bimbingan. Diharapkan dengan metode pelatihan bimbingan dapat memperkuat pemahaman sumber daya insani BUMDes akan prinsip ekonomi Syariah. Penerapan prinsip ekonomi Syariah dalam pelaksanaan BUMDes diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan nilai nilai positif yan akan memberikan keberkahan dalam usaha BUMDes.
Pemanfaatan Vct Pada Orang Berisiko Tertular HIV/Aids Puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Citra Citra Wahyu , Nuryani Dina Dwi , Febriani Christin Angelina
Published: September 2021

HIV/ AIDS merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang mengelobal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis mengenai pemanfaatan VCT pada orang berisiko HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menngunakan jenis penelitian dengan pendekatan desian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang Risiko  HIV/AIDS yang terdata di klinik VCT Puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung Provinsi Lampung berjumlah 4354. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan  cluster  sampling sehingga jumlah sampel 122 orang. Analisis data secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariate. Ada hubungan antara kerentanan yang dirasakan (p-value = 0,002 dan OR 4,683), bahaya yang dirasakan (p-value = 0,036 dan OR 2,786), manfaat yang dirasakan (p-value = 0,010 dan OR 3,563), hambatan yang dirasakan (p-value = 0.000 dan OR 7,906), isyarat untuk bertindak (p-value = 0,000 dan OR 22,077) dengan Pemanfaatan VCT  pada orang berisiko AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) di Puskesmas Sukaraja dan Simpur Bandar Lampung Tahun 2021. Faktor yang paling dominan adalah isyarat untuk bertindak dengan nilai OR yaitu 13.652.
Apakah Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Suami Memengaruhi Rendahnya Penggunaan Metode Kontrasepsi IUD pada Akseptor KB?
Authors: Entoh Christina , Zulfitriani Zulfitriani , Longgupa Lisda Widianti , Sitorus Sony Bernike Magdalena , Nurfatimah Nurfatimah , Ramadhan Kadar
Published: September 2021

Intrauterine device (IUD) merupakan alat kontrasepsi Metode Kontrasepsi jangka Panjang (MKJP) yang memiliki efektifitas tinggi dalam mencegah kehamilan, tetapi penggunaan IUD di wilayah puskesmas Mapane hanya 2,3% saja. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi rendahnya penggunaan kontrasepsi IUD di kelurahan Mapane. Desain penelitian  ini adalah cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah akseptor KB di Kelurahan Mapane yang berjumlah 336 orang. 77 responden terpilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kontrasepsi IUD, pengetahuan, paritas, dukungan suami, dan informasi tenaga kesehatan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat dan bivariate menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor pengetahuan kurang 52,0%, primipara 35,1%, suami yang tidak mendukung 49,0% dan yang tidak mendapat informasi tenaga kesehatan 44,3%. Uji chi-square menunjukan pengetahuan yang baik (p=0,003), dan dukungan suami (p=0,015) berhubungan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi IUD. Kesimpulan rendahnya penggunaan kontrasepsi IUD di Kelurahan Mapane dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan kurang, dan tidak mendapat dukungan suami.
Uji Efikasi Kapsul Pare-Primakuin dan DHP-Primakuin serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Malaria Falsiparum Tanpa Komplikasi di RSUD Manokwari Tahun 2019
Authors: Wakum Bastiana Marlina , Hasan Delina , Syamsuddin
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek terapi kombinasi obat antimalaria terhadap kualitas hidup pasien malaria falsiparum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni (true-experimental). Jumlah sampel sebanyak 134 pasien penderita malaria di RSUD manokwari. Variable penelitian meliputi karakteristik responden, suhu aksila, hemoglobin, Gametosit (/µL darah), gejala klinis responden, Jumlah Parasit Aseksual dan Gametosit, dan Kualitas Hidup SF-36. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji che-square dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian yaitu Pengobatan kapsul pare-primakuin mempunyai efikasi terhadap malaria falsiparum tanpa komplikasi dengan nilai ITT sebesar 92% dan PP sebesar 100%. Kualitas hidup pasien malaria falsiparum tanpa komplikasi pada pengobatan DHP-P lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan KP-P yang ditinjau dari 8 domain yaitu: fungsi fisik, peran fisik, nyeri tubuh, kesadaran secara umum, vitalitas, sungsi sosial, peran emosional dan kesehatan mental. Kesimpulan yaitu Pengobatan DHP-primakuin lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kapsul pare-primakuin dengan nilai ITT sebesar 96% dan PP sebesar 100%.
El fonoaudiólogo en los Trastornos de Alimentación, Más Allá de la Deglución
Authors: Gonzalez Moreira Dalma Judith , Maris Granatto Stella , Vazquez Fernandez Patricia
Published: September 2021

Este articulo surge a partir de la necesidad de generar espacios de reflexión sobre el rol del fonoaudiólogo en las dificultades de alimentación infantil. Se debe tener en cuenta que la alimentación es un proceso natural que trasciende a la cultura. En el ámbito pediátrico son cada vez más frecuentes las consultas por dificultades de esta índole. La fonoaudiología, estudia e interviene las alteraciones de la deglución y alimentación en diferentes rangos etarios. Particularmente, en bebés y niños pequeños, estas problemáticas pueden deberse a múltiples condicionantes que alteren o dificulten la seguridad y eficacia deglutoria; como también el confort durante la alimentación. A lo largo del manuscrito se intentan revisar ejes centrales en estrecha relación a este tema que posee múltiples aristas y como parte final en la discusión se aborda la complejidad que plantean los desafíos de la alimentación con especial énfasis en la necesidad del trabajo interdisciplinario.  Por lo que se busca como meta final dar a conocer el rol del fonoaudiólogo en los trastornos de alimentación a la comunidad científica.
Oil Retention in Shales: A Review of the Mechanism, Controls and Assessment
Authors: Feng Yue , Xiao Xianming , Wang Enze , Sun Jian , Gao Ping
Published: September 2021

Shale oil is a vital alternative energy source for oil and gas and has recently received an extensive attention. Characterization of the shale oil content provides an important guiding significance for resource potential evaluation, sweet spot prediction, and development of shale oil. In this paper, the mechanism, evaluation and influencing factors of oil retention in shales are reviewed. Oil is retained in shales through adsorption and swelling of kerogen, adsorption onto minerals and storage in shale pores. Quite a few methods are developed for oil content evaluation, such as three-dimensional fluorescence quantitation, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), solvent extraction, pyrolysis, multiple extraction-multiple pyrolysis-multiple chromatography, logging calculation, statistical regression, pyrolysis simulation experiment, and mass balance calculation. However, the limitations of these methods represent a challenge in practical applications. On this basis, the influencing factors of the oil retention are summarized from the microscale to the macroscale. The oil retention capacity is comprehensively controlled by organic matter abundance, type and maturity, mineral composition and diagenesis, oil storage space, shale thickness, and preservation conditions. Finally, oil mobility evaluation methods are introduced, mainly including the multitemperature pyrolysis, 2D NMR, and adsorption-swelling experiment, and the influencing factors of movable shale oil are briefly discussed. The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of shale oil evaluation and provide a basis for further research.
Supporting Zoo Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Welfare and Herd Dynamics with a More Complex and Expanded Habitat
Authors: Glaeser Sharon S. , Shepherdson David , Lewis Karen , Prado Natalia , Brown Janine L. , Lee Bob , Wielebnowski Nadja
Published: September 2021

Ensuring good health and welfare is an increasingly important consideration for conservation of endangered species, whether free-ranging or managed to varying degrees under human care. The welfare-based design of a new habitat for Asian elephants at the Oregon Zoo focused on meeting the elephants’ physical, physiological, psychological, and social needs 24 h a day and across life stages. The habitat was designed to encourage activity, promote species-typical behaviors, support changing social dynamics, offer increased opportunities for choice, and provide biologically meaningful challenges. In this 4-year study, we monitored elephant health and welfare indicators throughout the transition and acclimation from the previous habitat to the new habitat. Several welfare indicators obtained through longitudinal hormone analyses, behavior assessments, and GPS measurement of walking distance and space use provided evidence that these goals were achieved. The elephants were more active and walked farther on a daily basis in the new habitat, with an average walking distance of over 15 km per day. A switch from primarily caretaker-delivered food to seeking food on their own indicates that the disbursement of food with less temporal and spatial predictability increased foraging opportunities, which better satisfies appetitive motivations important for psychological well-being. All individuals showed adaptive and normal adrenal responses to change and challenge, with the highest fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations and variability during the construction phase, and a return to previous baseline concentrations in the new habitat, suggesting they acclimated well to the new environment. The elephants expressed a diverse range of species-typical behaviors and demonstrated social dynamics of a healthy herd in both habitats with transitions of individuals through life stages. They exhibited more autonomy in choosing whom to associate with socially and also by choosing different aspects of their environment with regular indoor/outdoor access and extensive resource use in the new habitat. Findings indicate that the complexity and flexibility of the new habitat and habitat management has been effective in improving overall welfare by providing meaningful challenges and the opportunity to express appetitive behaviors, by offering choice in environmental conditions, and by providing the space and resource distribution to support evolving herd dynamics and increased social equity for individuals.
Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor): Potential and Challenges to Promote Circular Economy
Authors: Moruzzo Roberta , Riccioli Francesco , Espinosa Diaz Salomon , Secci Chiara , Poli Giulio , Mancini Simone
Published: September 2021

Over the last few years, the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has received a lot of attention due to its potential contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially by reconciling economic growth with the protection of the environment through its grow-make-use-restore approach. The use of insects in circular production systems has been a good example of this concept as insects can transform a wide range of organic waste and by-products into nutritious feedstuffs, which then go back into the production cycle. This paper explores the potential of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) in circular production systems by reviewing their use and applicability in several industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, etc. Despite the high versatility of this insect and its potential as a substitute source of nutrients and other valuable components, there are still many legislative and behavioural challenges that hinder its adoption and acceptance.
A High Incidence of Sperm with Cytoplasmic Droplets Affects the Response to Bicarbonate in Preserved Boar Semen
Authors: Henning Heiko , Luther Anne-Marie , Waberski Dagmar
Published: September 2021

Retained cytoplasmic droplets (CD) are the most frequent sperm abnormality in boar semen. A high incidence of CD is associated with subfertility, but the underlaying reasons are not well understood. The storage of extended semen might augment the adverse effects of CD on essential steps towards fertilization, such as capacitation. The aim of this study was to examine whether the enhanced presence of CD in boar semen influences sperm’s response to the capacitation stimulus bicarbonate during long-term semen storage. Extended semen samples (n = 78) from 13 artificial insemination centers were analyzed using a flow cytometric calcium influx assay. Samples with >15% of CD showed a reduced specific response to bicarbonate and a higher non-specific destabilization after storage for 96 h and subsequent incubation at 38 °C in three variants of Tyrode’s medium (p < 0.05). The size of the bicarbonate-responsive sperm population was inversely correlated with the presence of CD-bearing sperm (r = −0.61, p < 0.01). Samples with ≤15% and samples with >15% of CD did not differ in motility or viability and acrosome integrity during semen storage. In conclusion, incomplete epididymal sperm maturation impairs the in vitro capacitation ability and promotes sperm destabilization in stored boar semen.
Dental Problems and Prophylactic Care in Cats—Knowledge and Perceptions among Swedish Cat Owners and Communication by Veterinary Care Staff
Authors: Oskarsson Kristin , Axelsson Puurtinen Louise , Penell Johanna Christina
Published: September 2021

Dental problems are increasingly recognised in cats although many problems are preventable by tooth brushing. However, the knowledge level and preventive measures performed by owners are unclear. Additionally, there is a shortage of information on the communication by veterinary care staff to owners on dental health and prophylaxis in cats. The aim was to describe the knowledge and perceptions among Swedish cat owners and the communication by veterinary care staff on dental problems and prevention in cats. We distributed two electronic surveys; to cat owners and care staff, respectively. Of the cat owners, n = 407, 2/3 stated that they have knowledge about dental disease, listing modified eating behaviour as the most common sign followed by gingivitis, halitosis, pain and dental calculus. The main source of information was the internet followed by veterinary care staff, and 47% of the owners reported that they perform preventive oral health measures. The single most frequently stated preventive measure was tooth brushing, which was applied by 28% of the cat owners but with low frequency (daily n = 15, every second day n = 14). Veterinary care staff, n = 179, reported that they inform (47%) or sometimes inform (42%) cat owners on prophylactic dental care, daily or 3–7 times a week (combined 39%) most frequently by oral communication, with tooth brushing as the most common measure recommended. This study suggests that cat owners have relevant knowledge on dental health in cats, but the performed preventive measures are too infrequent to support good oral health in cats. There is room to develop strategies such as improvement in education and communication to increase welfare in cats. This includes consideration of the motivation and practical options for owners of cats who may not tolerate tooth brushing.
Optimization of Feed Components to Improve Hermetia illucens Growth and Development of Oil Extractor to Produce Biodiesel
Authors: Lee Kyu-Shik , Yun Eun-Young , Goo Tae-Won
Published: September 2021

HIL are useful in agriculture because they can be used as feed for livestock or fertilizer and can bioconvert organic wastes, such as food waste and human and animal manure to usable fertilizer. In addition, HIL are being studied as a source of biodiesel because of their high-fat content. However, their use for biodiesel production has not been fully adopted. Here, the results showed that survival, weight gains, and total dried weight were significantly enhanced when HIL were fed dried-food waste (DFW)/chicken manure (CM). Furthermore, increased weight gain was observed in HIL fed DFW containing 5 mL waste cooking oil (WCO) per 100 g and 1.2% (v/w) fermented effective microorganism (F-EM). Based on these results, we prepared experimental feeds containing DFW, CM, WCO, and F-EM to establish an optimal feed for biodiesel production. We found that FT-1-2, a feed prepared with 60 g DFW, 40 g CM, 2 mL WCO, and 0.8% F-EM (v/w), significantly enhanced fat content, weight gain, and total dried weight of HIL. Our results indicate FT-1-2 is a suitable feed to breed HIL for biodiesel production. We then developed an automatic oil extractor for biodiesel production. The yield of the oil extractor was higher than that of solvent extraction. The study shows FT-1-2 is an optimal HIL feed for biodiesel production and that the developed oil extractor is useful for the extraction of crude oil from HIL and for the harvesting of defatted HIL frass for livestock feed and fertilizer. Taken together, we established an optimized low-cost feed for HIL breeding and developed an automatic oil extractor for the production of biodiesel from HIL.
Vibrations of Misaligned Rotor System with Hysteretic Friction Arising from Driveshaft–Stator Contact under Dispersed Viscous Fluid Influences
Authors: Tchomeni Bernard Xavier , Alugongo Alfayo
Published: September 2021

Dynamic analysis of a combination of misaligned rotors, the disturbance of the Cardan joint and the rotor–stator rubbing within a restricted clearance space in a viscous fluid is complex and can result in persistent vibration anomalies that are often misunderstood. It becomes increasingly important to gain some insights into how the transmission of coupled motion responds dynamically under a variety of conditions. This paper introduces an efficient simulation of the misaligned multi-degree-of-freedom rotor’s model, which was developed to predict the transient dynamic behaviours of a driveshaft deflection. The model accounts for tight clearance as a function of contact deformation according to nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. The paper also examines recent research by considering the influence of parameters such as eccentric masses, applied torques and flexible coupling joint perturbation introduced in the proposed rotor system. The simulation results indicated that the viscous fluid surrounding the driveshaft had sufficient torsional flexibility to dampen the rubbing impact to the driven shaft displacement. In addition, the torsional fluctuations of the flexible coupling abruptly increased, and then significantly impacted the vibration of the submerged driveshaft. Parametric studies involving the interconnected rotor models indicated that the effects of fluid on a close-bounds contact area can create partial disturbance reduction. The high rubbing contact is shown to be lost through the Hooke’s joints during power transmission. The speed-frequency spectrum maps provide valuable information on all the modelled excitations over the frequency of the twice-running speed resonance in a viscous medium. Further, nonlinear characteristics are reconstructed through orbit shapes and can be adopted in the condition monitoring of rotors in engineering practice.
Usage of Si, P, Se, and Ca Decrease Arsenic Concentration/Toxicity in Rice, a Review
Authors: Boorboori Mohammad Reza , Gao Yujie , Wang Hao , Fang Changxun
Published: September 2021

Rice is one of the most important routes for arsenic to enter the human food chain and threatens more than half of the world’s population. In addition, arsenic-contaminated soils and waters increase the concentration of this element in various tissues of rice plants. Thus, direct or indirect—infecting livestock and poultry—increase diseases such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and ultimately death in the long term. Therefore, finding different ways to reduce the uptake and transfer of arsenic by rice would reduce the contamination of rice plants with this dangerous element and improve animal and human nutrition and ultimately disease and mortality. In this article, we aim to take a small step in improving sustainable life on earth by referring to the various methods that researchers have taken to reduce rice contamination by arsenic in recent years. Adding micronutrients and macronutrients as fertilizer for rice is one way to improve this plant’s growth and health. In this study, by examining two types of macronutrients and two types of micronutrients, their role in reducing arsenic toxicity and absorption was investigated. Therefore, both calcium and phosphorus were selected from the macronutrients, and selenium and silicon were selected from the micronutrients, whose roles in previous studies had been investigated.
Multiple Genetic Rare Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Center Targeted NGS Study
Authors: Reale Chiara , Tessarollo Valeria , Bulgheroni Sara , Annunziata Silvia , Legati Andrea , Riva Daria , Pantaleoni Chiara , Garavaglia Barbara , D’Arrigo Stefano
Published: September 2021

Many studies based on chromosomal microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have identified hundreds of genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk, demonstrating that there are several complex genetic factors that contribute to ASD risk. We performed targeted NGS gene panels for 120 selected genes, in a clinical population of 40 children with well-characterized ASD. The variants identified were annotated and filtered, focusing on rare variants with a minimum allele frequency <1% in GnomAD. We found 147 variants in 39 of the 40 patients. It was possible to perform family segregation analysis in 28 of the 40 patients. We found 4 de novo and 101 inherited variants. For the inherited variants, we observed that all the variants identified in the patients came equally from the paternal and maternal genetic makeup. We identified 9 genes that are more frequently mutated than the others, and upon comparing the mutational frequency of these 9 genes in our cohort and the mutational frequency in the GnomAD population, we found significantly increased frequencies of rare variants in our study population. This study supports the hypothesis that ASD is the result of a combination of rare deleterious variants (low contribution) and many low-risk alleles (genetic background), highlighting the importance of MET and SLIT3 and the potentially stronger involvement of FAT1 and VPS13B in ASD. Taken together, our findings reinforce the importance of using gene panels to understand the contribution of the different genes already associated with ASD in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease via Deep Learning Models and Radiomics Method
Authors: Dai Yin , Bai Wenhe , Tang Zheng , Xu Zian , Chen Weibing
Published: September 2021

This paper focused on the problem of diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease via the combination of deep learning and radiomics methods. We proposed a classification model for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis based on improved convolution neural network models and image fusion method and compared it with existing network models. We collected 182 patients in the ADNI and PPMI database to classify Alzheimer’s disease, and reached 0.906 AUC in training with single modality images, and 0.941 AUC in training with fusion images. This proved the proposed method has better performance in the fusion images. The research may promote the application of multimodal images in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Fusion images dataset based on multi-modality images has higher diagnosis accuracy than single modality images dataset. Deep learning methods and radiomics significantly improve the diagnosing accuracy of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.
The Graphene Field Effect Transistor Modeling Based on an Optimized Ambipolar Virtual Source Model for DNA Detection
Authors: Akbari Moaazameh , Shahbazzadeh Mehdi Jafari , La Spada Luigi , Khajehzadeh Alimorad
Published: September 2021

The graphene-based Field Effect Transistors (GFETs), due to their multi-parameter characteristics, are growing rapidly as an important detection component for the apt detection of disease biomarkers, such as DNA, in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research laboratories. In this paper, the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) is used to create a compact model of GFET in the ballistic regime as an important building block for DNA detection sensors. In the proposed method, the self-consistent solutions of two-dimensional Poisson’s equation and NEGF, using the nearest neighbor tight-binding approach on honeycomb lattice structure of graphene, are modeled as an efficient numerical method. Then, the eight parameters of the phenomenological ambipolar virtual source (AVS) circuit model are calibrated by a least-square curve-fitting routine optimization algorithm with NEGF transfer function data. At last, some parameters of AVS that are affected by induced charge and potential of DNA biomolecules are optimized by an experimental dataset. The new compact model response, with an acceptable computational complexity, shows a good agreement with experimental data in reaction with DNA and can effectively be used in the plan and investigation of GFET biosensors.