bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of wind and tidal turbines using spar buoy floating foundations
Authors: Majdi Nasab Navid , Kilby Jeff , Bakhtiaryfard Leila
Published: November 2022

Floating platforms are complex structures used in deep water and high wind speeds. However, a methodology should be defined to have a stable offshore structure and not fail dynamically in severe environmental conditions. This paper aims to provide a method for estimating failure load or ultimate load on the anchors of floating systems in integrating wind and tidal turbines in New Zealand. Using either wind or tidal turbines in areas with harsh water currents is not cost-effective. Also, tidal energy, as a predictable source of energy, can be an alternative for wind energy when cut-in speed is not enough to generate wind power. The most expensive component after the turbine is the foundation. Using the same foundation for wind and tidal turbines may reduce the cost of electricity. Different environment scenarios as load cases have been set up to test the proposed system's performance, capacity and efficiency. Available tidal records from the national institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) have been used to find the region suitable for offshore energy generation and to conduct simulation model runs. Based on the scenarios, Terawhiti in Cook Strait with 110 m water height was found as the optimized site. It can be seen that the proposed floating hybrid system is stable in the presence of severe environmental conditions of wind and wave loadings in Cook Strait and gives a procedure for sizing suction caisson anchors.
A blockchain-based privacy-preserving transaction scheme with public verification and reliable audit
Authors: Yao Shuang , Zhang Dawei
Published: November 2022

With the continuous development of Internet of Things, finance, big data and many other fields, blockchain has been widely used in these areas for transactions, data sharing, product traceability and so on. Numerous assets have appeared in the blockchain, and there are some levels of conflicts among privacy protection of these assets, transaction transparency and auditability in blockchain; so how to provide privacy preserving, make public verifications and audit the encrypted assets are challenging problems. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving transaction scheme with public verification and reliable audit in blockchain. First, we provide privacy preserving of transaction contents based on homomorphic encryption. It is flexible, as we decouple user identity and transaction contents. Then, we propose and design a multiplicative zero-knowledge proof with formal security analysis. Furthermore, several verification rules are defined by us in the scheme, such as balance verification and multiplicative verification based on the proposed multiplicative zero-knowledge proof. Our scheme enables reliable and offline auditing for each transaction, and we aggregate the zero-knowledge proofs to save the ledger space. Finally, we make a security analysis of our proposal in terms of transaction confidentiality, public verification and audit reliability, and we give a performance analysis of the proposed scheme.
A novel numerical dynamics of fractional derivatives involving singular and nonsingular kernels: designing a stochastic cholera epidemic model
Authors: Rashid Saima , Jarad Fahd , Alsubaie Hajid , Aly Ayman A. , Alotaibi Ahmed
Published: November 2022

In this research, we investigate the direct interaction acquisition method to create a stochastic computational formula of cholera infection evolution via the fractional calculus theory. Susceptible people, infected individuals, medicated individuals, and restored individuals are all included in the framework. Besides that, we transformed the mathematical approach into a stochastic model since it neglected the randomization mechanism and external influences. The descriptive behaviours of systems are then investigated, including the global positivity of the solution, ergodicity and stationary distribution are carried out. Furthermore, the stochastic reproductive number for the system is determined while for the case $ \mathbb{R}_{0}^{s} > 1, $ some sufficient condition for the existence of stationary distribution is obtained. To test the complexity of the proposed scheme, various fractional derivative operators such as power law, exponential decay law and the generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel were used. We included a stochastic factor in every case and employed linear growth and Lipschitz criteria to illustrate the existence and uniqueness of solutions. So every case was numerically investigated, utilizing the newest numerical technique. According to simulation data, the main significant aspects of eradicating cholera infection from society are reduced interaction incidence, improved therapeutic rate, and hygiene facilities.
Der sulfat-hüttenzement
Authors: Kramer W.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Dosaggio rapido degli alcali nei cementi
Authors: Fongi Nella
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Kautschuk im strassenbau
Authors: Kronauer M.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Fabricación de ladrillos en Europa
Authors: Arredondo Verdu Francisco
Published: November 2022

No disponible
El horno vertical (2ª. Parte) - Dimensiones y características de la cocción en el mismo (continuación)
Authors: Anselm Wilhelm
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Bodenverfestigung mit chemischen mitteln
Authors: Zoepf W.T.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Bentonit im baugewerbe
Authors: Endell J.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Les travaux de la Fédération Européenne des Fabricants de Tuiles et de Briques. Rapport présenté à la Sous-Commission “Gélivité"
Authors: Duhrkop M.H.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Contribución al estudio de la estructura del clinker de cemento Portland
Authors: Calleja Carrete J.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Peut-on prévoir l'importance du retrait d'un ciment par un essai rapide?
Authors: Vironnaud L.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Kiln setting and burning
Authors: Starkie F.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Le Ciment de haut-fourneau est-il sujet à fausse prise? Comment la prévenir
Authors: Blondiau L. , Blondiau Y.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Contribución al estudio de las normas de diferentes países para el cemento Portland. I.- Introducción
Authors: Gaspar Tebar D. , Fraga Sánchez S.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Contribución al estudio de las normas de diferentes países para el cemento Portland. IIa.- Composición química
Authors: Gaspar Tebar D. , Fraga Sánchez S.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Contribución al estudio de las normas de diferentes países para el cemento Portland. IIIg.- Preparación de probetas. A) Dosificación del mortero
Authors: Gaspar Tebar D. , Fraga Sánchez S.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Contribución al estudio de las normas de diferentes países para el cemento Portland. IIIg.- Preparación de probetas. D) Forma de las probetas
Authors: Gaspar Tebar D. , Fraga Sánchez S.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Modellbotrachtungen über die förderung und erwärmung des gutes in drehöfen
Authors: Anselm W. , Schwarz-Bergkampf E.
Published: November 2022

Los autores presntan los resultados do sus estudios sobro las dimensiones apropiadas que se han de dar a los hornos rotatorios, en relación al transporte del material y a las condiciones de transmisión del calor; dichos resultados prueban la existencia de una regularidad perfecta. Estudian, especielmente, la influencia de la radiación en los hornos rotatorios de dimensiones variables. De acuerdo con dichos estudios se puede fijar la transmisión de calor en las diferentes zonas del horno rotatorio y establecer comparaciones entre los diversos sistemas de hornos.
Mass production of concrete roofing tile
Authors: Kleman Robt. B.
Published: November 2022

Una nueva fábrica de piezas prefabricadas de hormigón dedica sus actividades a la preparación de tejas de hormigón, en el futuro alcanzará una producción diaria de 36.000. En este artículo se den las características de la instalación, proceso de fabricación y piezas fabricadas. Las ventajas son considerables.
Studies in the effect of admixtures of cement concrete mixes “Lissopol N”
Authors: Uppal H.L. , Singh M.
Published: November 2022

Se estudia el efecto de una nueva adición, Lissopol N, agente tensoactivo sobre las propiedades del hormigón.
Die verminderung des wassergehaltes im zementrohschlamm durch sulfitablauge
Authors: Schlünz F.K.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Der schachtofen von morgen
Authors: Spohn E.
Published: November 2022

Se ha conseguido que la cocción con carbón pulverizado sea económica gracias a un nuevo modelo de parrilla. Un nuevo procedimiento de cocción con granulación y recubrimiento de los gránulos mediante una capa exenta de carbón, permite reducir considerablemente las pérdidas de CO del horno vertical.
Measuring volume shrinkage of resinous mortars
Authors: Brown L.H. , Reineck E.A.
Published: November 2022

Este método, que mide la retracción total de morteros de resinas al pasar de la forma plástica al estado completamente curado, puede ser útil para predecir la retracción máxima de dichos morteros.
Practical aspects of clay product drying
Authors: Seanor J.G.
Published: November 2022

El secado de los productos de arcilla, en condiciones óptimas, exige la regulación de la velocidad de difusión del agua en el interior del ladrillo y de la velocidad de evaporación. Para lograr tal regulación en los secaderos tonel es preciso introducir ciertas modificaciones en el encañado corriente.
Rendement thermique des fours
Authors: Bodin V.
Published: November 2022

La determinación del rendimiento térmico de los hornos cerámicos permite fijar si su consumo es excesivo, en cuyo caso se ha de intentar un perfeccionamiento que asegure un progreso o una economía.
Moldes de aluminio para las probetas cúbicas de hormigón
Authors: Schacht H.J.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Über die wirkung von glimmer auf die eigenscbaften von zementmörteln
Authors: Kallauner O. , Kanclir E.
Published: November 2022

El efecto nocivo de la mica depende tanto de la cantidad como del tamaño de las laminillas. Para fracciones gruesas, una adición de un 1% disminuye ya la resistencia del mortero; para la fracción más fina una adicción del 3% no actúa desfavorablemente, pero si una adición de 5%.
Good blasting practice can improve community relations
Authors: Romig H.L.
Published: November 2022

Este procedimiento de realizar voladuras evitan los lanzamientos de rocas, las vibraciones del suelo y la onda explosiva.
Kohlehaltige zuschläge als verflüssigungsmittel bei zementschlamm
Authors: Meltnischenko L.G. , Papkowa L.P.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Doppelseitige drehofenbeschickung mit Rohmehl
Authors: Lurge J.S. , Konowalow F.P. , Lewin N.J.
Published: November 2022

Nuevo procedimiento ruso para la alimentación de crudos por ambos extremos del horno rotatorio.
Chamber dryers in continente hollow block works. Unusuai fran system
Authors: Chimani R.
Published: November 2022

El autor presenta el Sistema Rotomixair, empleado para la distribución del aire en los secaderos de cámaras. Consiste en un conjunto de ventiladores de unas características especiales, móviles, que se pueden desplazar dentro de la cámara. El secado es rápido.
Le découpáge d'éléments de béton au moyen… d'explosif
Authors: Lévy J.P.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Rendimiento máximo de los separadores; Der Siohtvorgang
Authors: Voos E.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Drying ratea in infrared drying of clay
Authors: Woo D. , Simons H.P. , Jones P.R.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Ein gerät zur rheologischen untersucbung des erstarrungsverlaufes der bindenmittel
Authors: Stava V.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Une nouvalle solution au problème du feuilletage des pâtes filées
Authors: Kohler H.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Aumento de la producción de cemento y mejora simultánea de la calidad (continuación)
Authors: Calleja Carrete J.
Published: November 2022

No disponible
Bonnets rouges contre chapeaux noirs : les enjeux vestimentaires de la révolte de 1675 dans le Cap Caval
Authors: André Christophe
Published: November 2022

En juillet 1675, dans l’actuel pays Bigouden, une assemblée de participants à la révolte dite des Bonnets Rouges décide d’envoyer des représentants devant les États de Bretagne pour y expliquer les raisons de la sédition. Les activistes prévoient de vêtir ces délégués selon un costume défini et fixé dans un écrit, le Règlement. Ce dernier existe en trois exemplaires, avec des divergences concernant la codification vestimentaire. Si les exemplaires issus des archives bretonnes évoquent un bonnet et camisole rouges et un haut-de-chausse bleu, celui qui a été retrouvé dans les archives de Colbert évoque aussi un bonnet et une camisole rouges mais prévoit des haut-de-chausses verts. L’étude des inventaires après décès et des signalements émanant des autorités judiciaires montre que le diocèse de Cornouaille s’est singularisé par une identité vestimentaire masculine composée d’un bonnet rouge, d’une camisole rouge et de hauts-de-chausses bleus-violets. Ces derniers commencent toutefois à être concurrencés par des vêtements à connotation citadine. La mise à l’écart de ces effets d’un genre nouveau d’une part et la remise à l’honneur du costume diocésain d’autre part permettent de comprendre la motivation des insurgés : celle d’un retour utopique à un idéal communautaire.
Les réseaux aristocratiques de la Bretagne septentrionale au prisme des enquêtes royales de 1235
Authors: Launay Vincent
Published: November 2022

Entre 1231 et 1234, une guerre entrecoupée de deux trêves oppose une large partie de l’aristocratie bretonne ralliée au roi de France, au duc Pierre de Dreux soutenu par le roi d’Angleterre Henri III. Abandonné par ce dernier, ce n’est qu’en novembre 1234 qu’il se soumet au roi Louis IX. L’année suivante, celui-ci octroie à ses soutiens de Bretagne septentrionale une série de neuf enquêtes contentieuses dans lesquelles les dommages qu’ils ont subis sont recensés. Les procès-verbaux établis par les enquêteurs permettent d’analyser avec précision les réseaux où gravitent ces nobles et ces établissements ecclésiastiques. Appuyés par d’autres sources diplomatiques, ils révèlent un paysage aristocratique exclusivement masculin et scindé entre Bretagne occidentale et Bretagne orientale. Très hiérarchisé, il est caractérisé par trois types de liens qui, parfois, s’entremêlent : des liens de parenté, des liens féodaux-vassaliques et des liens d’amicitia spirituelle.
Mechatronics in CDIO Projects for Green and Sustainable Environments
Authors: Vu Duong
Published: November 2022

We live in the common Earth where the sustainable development depends on everybody's habit. To set up awareness, it is necessary to integrate this matter right from school teaching until the high education. An engineering education, concerning mechatronics in general and robotics in detail, will help to strengthen the skill and knowledge of students to find reasonable solutions for this problem. This chapter will contribute some experiences in the engineering education technology in university to show how the students can learn the robotics and apply their knowledge to design the machines with the software and simulation tools. All these activities are under the CDIO method - the modern approach in the engineering education. The research results illustrated in this chapter will clarify this concept.
Digital Culture and Digi-Relations
Authors: Shajan Aiswaria G.
Published: November 2022

The digital era, or digital revolution, began in the 1950s. The sense behind this notion was to increase the pace of knowledge and simplify life. When that idea came into being, the people were confused and furthermore afraid to accept it and adapt. In this era, the situation has changed. This is the world of ‘digi-life.' These days everything is controlled by digital mediums. Digital culture is like societal culture. Societal culture defines the rules, behavior, expectations, and values of a society or a group of people living in a particular place. In the case of digital culture, it defines the nature of the digital life of a human. This space also defines rules, behavior, expectations, and how people are to deal and act in a digital port. Digi-relations are the relationships, people try to maintain mostly in digital mode. It deals with practicality. This chapter tries to give an insight into the security and insecurity of good relationships in the societal platform when digi-life took priority.
The Omnipresence of Metaverse With the Cultural Conventions
Authors: Chowdhury Madhurima , Banerjee Malika
Published: November 2022

Reality always encompasses us with challenges and creates perplexities. We hanker for a life wherein everything happens according to our wants and desires. With the advancement in technology and the invention of artificial intelligence (AI), such grounds have been initiated through virtual reality wherein the Metaverse plays a significant role. Since the pandemic, the world has been more dependent on the digital world than the real one, and this has led to a major shift in the cultural conventions changing the structure of the society. People now have started to use more digital money and purchase through online stores in comparison to real ones. The omnipresence of the Metaverse will untether the potential changes and meet the desired advancements for the globalised world. It is required to understand the recent changes in the paradigms of the virtual world. The research will be a comprehensive study on how advanced technology has contributed to the dynamic changes in the cultural traits of the global society in this new era of transition.
Catch a Word Keypad Application as a Solution to Reduce the Rudeness of Digital Communication
Authors: Henita Esra
Published: November 2022

The development of technology and information is happening quite swiftly. In fact, the term “information society” is employed, implying that the community's main goal is the communication of knowledge. Technology comes in numerous forms, including computers, mobile devices, and the internet. Mobile phones may be used by anyone to access the internet, making the marriage of the two technologies particularly suited. Although using social media has numerous benefits, cyberbullying is regrettably on the rise, particularly in Indonesia. Cyberbullying can be fatal and have a negative impact on a victim's social life, academic progress, physical health, and mental well-being. The author wants to provide a solution to the aforementioned problems by creating a keyboard or keypad application for all Indonesians, but especially for those who use social media. One can install this Catch a Word program on mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, and iPads. The author thinks that this revitalization can significantly affect Indonesians, particularly Indonesian youth.
Digital Mainstreaming of Tribals in India
Authors: Satapathy Subrata S.
Published: November 2022

India has the presence of about 635 tribal groups and sub-groups, including 73 so-called primitive tribes. Together they comprise nearly 8.2 per cent of the country's population. Tribals are often known by national terms such as native people, aboriginals, first nations, adivasi, janajati, hunter-gatherers, etc. Digital inclusion has the potential to uplift their status and bring them into the mainstream society. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) is responsible for planning, making policies, and coordinating program for the development and empowerment of India's Scheduled Tribe communities. Identifying the challenges and mapping out the potentialities are the key drivers for digital empowerment of the tribal communities in India. This paper is an attempt to trace out the issues, understand the potentialities, and provide suggestive measures for inclusion of tribals in the wave of digital revolution.
College English Intelligent Writing Score System Based on Big Data Analysis and Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Qin Fei
Published: November 2022

With the development of technologies such as big data analysis and deep learning, various industries have begun to integrate with big data analysis and deep learning and continue to promote the development of the industry. This system is an intelligent writing scoring system for college English teaching. It uses popular big data analysis and deep learning to distinguish training algorithms. From 2015 to 2022, the number of college students taking exams has increased yearly, with an increase of more than 50%. Therefore, the system proposes a text vector calculation method that can find matching samples in the text set after the text is weighted by the weight function and uses deep learning to distinguish the algorithm evaluates the matched text, and finally can get the final score according to the content quality, semantic coherence, text readability, and other aspects of the text. Compared with traditional manual scoring, this technology is more convenient, quick, concise, and effective. This system is significant for improving the efficiency of teaching English writing in college.
Seeing is believing: ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging in vascular and neurodegeneration research
Authors: Ge Yulin
Published: November 2022

Ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance (MR) refers to a main operating field strength of 7 teslas (T) or higher. UHF MR offers unique opportunities for revealing new insights into the microstructures and functions of the brain that are not available on conventional field strength MR. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared the 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device for clinical use, which has doubled the 7 T systems installed in the US. Central to this powerful evolution is the concomitant increase of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and susceptibility contrast at UHF MRI. Compared to 3 T, 7 T offers a 2 to 3-fold increase in image SNR, which will allow us to image high resolution with voxel volume of less than 0.1 mm3, while the largely increased susceptibility or T2* contrast at ultra-high field MRI will be the key benefit for brain imaging. Sequences sensitive to magnetic susceptibility include susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Thanks to the susceptibility-induced blooming effect, small veins at a micro level (e.g. <50 µm) can be seen on 220 x 220 µm matrix size SWI.1 With the strengths being provided on UHF MR, several key clinical benefits are discussed. The perivenous lesion development or central vein sign in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been revealed in vivo for the first time,2 which has proved useful for a differential diagnosis of MS.3 Seven teslas MRI showed improved detection of cortical MS lesions that are consistent with histopathological patterns of cortical demyelinating lesions regarding their cortical layer involvement that are not seen on 3 T MRI.4 The visibility of small venous architecture, including small cortical and medullary veins, has an important implication for tissue oxygen utilization and neuronal degeneration.5 By introducing an ultrasmall-superparamagnetic-iron-oxide (USPIO) contrast agent (e.g., ferumoxytol), the small arterioles can also be seen on 7 T SWI, which allows the detection of small arterial tortuosity in the elderly, likely the major cause of small vessel disease. Seven teslas markedly increased the sensitivity in detecting iron deposition and microbleeds associated with brain structures and lesions, and this provides critical insights on brain pathology, in particular in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Seven teslas MRI improves the characterization of age-related choroid plexus degeneration, including both volume and signal changes, which may have an impact on waste clearance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Figure 1 demonstrates a few representative examples of the potential of 7 T. In summary, seeing the unseen on 7 T provides opportunities not only for an early diagnosis, but also for clinical research of disease mechanisms and treatment strategy development.
Retinal blood vessel analysis using optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Young Nicholas , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G. , Bergsland Niels , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Jakimovski Dejan
Published: November 2022

Background: Both greater retinal neurodegenerative pathology and greater cardiovascular burden have been seen in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).1,2 Moreover, studies have described multiple extracranial and intracranial vasculature changes in pwMS.3 However, only a few studies have examined the retinal vasculature in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives: To determine if there are differences in retinal vasculature between pwMS and healthy controls (HCs) and their relationship to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness.

Materials and methods: A total of 167 pwMS (113 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 54 progressive MS (PMS)) and 48 HCs were scanned using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Earlier OCT scans were available in a smaller sample size of 101 pwMS and 35 HCs for additional longitudinal 5-year follow-up analysis. The semiautomated segmentation of the retinal vasculature was performed in a blinded manner on peripapillary scans using the optical coherence tomography segmentation and evaluation GUI (OCTSEG) in MatLab. (Figure 1). Automated segmentation of the pRNFL was performed in the native Heidelberg OCT software. The sum of bilateral measures of total retinal vessel diameter, the total number of retinal vessels and average vessel diameter were calculated. Independent sample t-test and paired t-test were used for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively and non-parametric Spearman’s test for determining correlations.

Results: PwMS had a significantly smaller total vessel diameter (2.5 cm vs 2.7 cm, age-adjusted p=0.017) and numerically fewer number of retinal vessels when compared to HCs (35.1 vs 36.8, age-adjusted p=0.167). No significant differences between the pwRRMS and pwPMS were found. Over the follow-up, pwMS had significant decrease in number of retinal vessels (36.7 vs. 33.0, p<0.001) and significant increase in the average vessel diameter (0.072cm vs. 0.081cm, p<0.001). No longitudinal changes in the HCs were noted. Only in pwMS, lower pRNFL was associated with fewer retinal vessels and total vessel diameter (r=0.191, p=0.018 and r=0.216, p=0.007).

Conclusions: PwMS have retinal vasculature that results in smaller and fewer retinal vessels when compared to HCs that were related to reduced pRNFL. Over time, a reduction of retinal vasculature occurred. Future investigations should determine the relevance of retinal vasculature in regards to MS disease outcomes, presence of cardiovascular abnormalities and cerebral/retinal perfusion.
Aerobic exercise training reduces central arterial stiffness and improves cerebral blood flow in older adults
Authors: Zhang Rong
Published: November 2022

Background: Evidence of the benefits of aerobic exercise training (AET) on brain structure, function, and perfusion in older adults is inconclusive.

Methods: We conducted two randomized controlled trials (RCT) in sedentary older adults with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to address this question.1-3 The trial’s intervention arm was a progressive moderate-to-vigorous intensity AET, and the active control arm was stretching-and-toning (SAT). Outcome measures included neurocognitive function focused on memory and executive function, global and regional brain volume and cortical thickness measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CBF pulsatility measured in the large cerebral arteries (the internal carotid artery, the vertebral artery, and the middle cerebral artery) with 2D duplex ultrasonography and transcranial Doppler, central arterial stiffness measured with arterial applanation tonometry, and cardiorespiratory fitness measured with treadmill peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak). The duration of both trials was one year.

Results: In both studies, we observed that AET increased V̇O2peak significantly by ∼10% while it did not change with SAT. Cognitive composite scores and domain-specific scores improved in both the AET and SAT groups, although no group differences were observed (likely reflected by cognitive test practice effects). Total brain and hippocampal volume and mean cortical thickness decreased in both groups over one year. Conversely, AET increased CBF, and decreased central arterial stiffness and CBF pulsatility. Increases in V̇O2peak with AET were correlated with increases in CBF and decreases in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). Further, the improved memory score in the AET group was associated with decreased CVR and central arterial stiffness measured with carotid β-stiffness index.

Conclusions: Taken together, these findings demonstrated that one-year moderate-to-vigorous intensity AET increased CBF and decreased central arterial stiffness in older adults with or without MCI. We speculate that improvement in cerebrovascular function with AET may precede its potential effects on brain structure and neurocognitive function in older adults. (The research findings presented herein were supported by the National Institutes of Health R01AG033106 and R01HL102457)
In vivo mapping of hippocampal venous vasculature and oxygen saturation using dual-echo SWI/QSM at 7 T: a potential marker for neurodegeneration
Authors: Li Chenyang , Muccio Marco , Jiang Li , Sun Zhe , Buch Sagar , Zhang Jiangyang , Haacke E. Mark , Ge Yulin
Published: November 2022

Background: The current understanding of the venous system in the hippocampus is mostly based on histological and autopsy studies.1 However, the main disadvantage is that it only reveals the anatomy of the vascular system at the post-mortem stage and lacks physiological aspects associated with neuronal metabolism. In vivo characterization of the venous system using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) at 7 T could provide valuable information on both venous anatomy and blood oxygen saturation, through high-resolution SWI venography2 and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).3 In this study, we aim to elucidate the hierarchical network of the hippocampal venous system and then test the feasibility of using venous susceptibility to characterize venous oxygenation level changes related to neurodegeneration.

Methods: Seven healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. We used high in-plane resolution of flow-compensated dual-echo gradient echo sequence (TE1/TE2/TR=7.5/15/22 ms, voxel size: 0.25*0.25*1 mm). SWI and QSM were then reconstructed using the iterative SWI and mapping (iterative SWIM) algorithm,3 as shown in Figure 1. Hippocampus masks were extracted from the T1-MPRAGE image, which was transformed to SWI space afterwards. To reduce the partial volume effect from the tissue-vessel boundary, we extract the venous susceptibility value from each voxel along the centerline of the vessels.

Results: High-resolution in vivo mapping of hippocampal venous vasculature exhibits a high analogy to Duvernoy’s reference4 for hippocampal vascularization. As shown in Figure 1, there is a shape of venous arch near the fimbria of the hippocampus, and small veins extending through the arch are possibly the intrahippocampal veins. The intrahippocampal veins will eventually reach the inferior ventricular vein (IVV) (anteriorly) and medial atrial vein (MAV) (posteriorly), before joining the basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR). For venous susceptibility quantification, Figure 1 shows the representative color-coded QSM for centerline extraction on BVR.

Conclusions: Our results showed improved visualization of the micro venous system in the hippocampus using high-resolution 7 T SWI data without the contrast agent.5 In summary, the characterization of venous QSM in major tributaries related to the hippocampus offers a novel perspective on oxygen utilization in the hippocampus, which may be useful for studying age-related dementia. We delineated the hierarchical network of the hippocampus venous system using SWI/QSM at 7 T and extract the venous density and venous susceptibility value in hippocampus-related small veins and major venous tributaries, as an overall measure for venous oxygenation level related to the hippocampus, which may be used as an early marker for hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease.
Predictors of readiness for discharge in mothers of preterm infants
Authors: Valipour Sedighe , Estebsari Fatemeh , Nasiri Maliheh , Vasli Parvaneh
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To determine the predictive role of stress, self-efficacy, and perceived social support on readiness for discharge in mothers of preterm infants.

Methods:

The present cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 mothers of preterm infants admitted to hospitals affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2019. Participants were selected by a convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included the demographic questionnaire of mothers and infants, parent perceptions of their child's hospital discharge, parental stressor scale: neonatal intensive care unit, perceived maternal parenting, and multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression at the significance level of 0.05.

Results:

Infant behavior and appearance, situational belief, and family support achieved the highest mean score from parents' stress, self-efficacy, and perceived social support dimensions, respectively. There was a significant relationship between stress, self-efficacy, and perceived social support with readiness for discharge in mothers of preterm infants (P<0.001). The score of mothers' readiness for discharge decreased by 0.07 per 1-point increase in stress score, and the score of readiness for discharge in mothers of preterm infants rose by 0.35 and 0.43, respectively, for a unit increase in the scores of self-efficacy and perceived social support.

Conclusions:

Stress, self-efficacy, and perceived social support can be considered as predictors of readiness for discharge in mothers of preterm infants. It is suggested that nurses in neonatal intensive care units provide a better platform for the readiness for discharge in mothers of preterm infants by reducing stressors and increasing maternal self-efficacy and social support.
Kermanian propolis induces apoptosis through upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in acute myeloblastic leukemia cell line (NB4)
Authors: Salavatipour Maryam Samareh , Kouhbananinejad Seyedeh Mehrnaz , Lashkari Mahla , Bardsiri Mahla Sattarzadeh , Moghadari Masoud , Kashani Bahareh , Farsinejad Alireza , Vahidi Reza
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Propolis is a viscous resinous honeybee-produced substance with numerous medicinal functions; its composition and texture varies according to the geographic location. It is considered to be a promising natural source for the management and prevention of various pathological conditions. Although several studies have exhibited the anti-cancer activity of different types of propolis, the tumor-suppressing potential of Kermanian propolis against leukemia cell lines has remained poorly understood. Therefore, the current experiment was aimed to reveal the anti-tumor activity of this bioactive compound both as monotherapy and combined therapy with cytarabine against an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, NB4.

Materials and Methods:

Following the treatment of NB4 cells with either Kermanian propolis (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 μg/mL), cytarabine (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 2 mM), or their combination (40 and 80 μg/mL of Kermanian propolis along with 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM of cytarabine), colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to measure the viability (%) of the cells. Next, to examine the apoptotic rate and the pattern of corresponding gene expression (Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and p21), Annexin-V/PI staining by flow cytometry and quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed, respectively.

Results:

We perceived significant apoptosis induction in a dose-dependent manner following the treatment with Kermanian propolis, cytarabine, and also their combination in the NB4 cell line. In addition, the combined treatment was associated with lower expression of the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and higher expression of the pro-apoptotic genes (p53, Bax, and p21) in comparison to mono treatments.

Conclusion:

The synergistic anti-tumor activity induced by the combination of Kermanian propolis and cytarabine presents a novel and encouraging option for AML treatment.
An assessment of school-based health instruction among primary schools in Ido/Osi local government area Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi EO , Olatunya OS , Fayemi O , Anidobe C , Adeyemi FM , Adebami OJ
Published: November 2022

Background:

School Health Instruction (SHI) comprises of series of formal, well-planned, and organized learning whereby information concerning knowledge, habits, attitudes, practices, and conducts are given pertaining to the health of an individual or members of the school community. A well-structured and implemented SHI forms the basis for a healthy health promotion.

Aim:

The study aimed at assessing the implementation of SHI among primary schools in a Local Government Area, Southwest, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 67 private and public schools in a Local Government Area of Ekiti State using a standardized checklist and direct observation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results:

The ratio of teachers to pupils was 1:16 in public schools and 1:10 in private schools. More public-school teachers (93.8%) compared to private school teachers (28.9) had education-related qualifications (P < 0.0001). All public schools adhered to the recommended three periods per week on health education while the frequency of adherence varied in private schools. About half of the private school teachers and 60.4% of the public school teachers have had in-service training on general health and health promotion. Direct teaching by a subject teacher was carried out by 11.9% of the schools while 49.3% had supplemental teaching aids. The scope of health education was uniform among all the schools. Only 46.3% of the schools attained the recommended minimum acceptable score on SHI.

Conclusion:

School health instruction was poorly implemented in the study location. There is a need to scale up SHI and monitor its implementation in the study location. These efforts should be supported by all stakeholders and backed with adequate oversight function by regulatory authorities, provision of in-service training, and teaching aids for teachers.
Determination of the effect of two different methods of dental anesthesia on pain level in pediatric patients
Authors: Yilmaz N , Baygin O , Tuzuner T , Mentese A , Demir S
Published: November 2022

Background:

In dentistry, needles are the most feared and anxiety-causing tool, making anesthetic injection a worrying practice for patients.

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of intraosseous anesthesia (IOA) and needle-free dental anesthesia (NFA) on pain levels in systemically healthy 8–10-year-old patients.

Patients and Methods:

Twenty patients aged 8–10 years were included in this cross-over study. Specifically, the pain was measured by Wong Baker, pulse rate (PR), and salivary opiorphin levels (SOL). In addition, the Frankl Behavioral scale was used to measure behaviors and face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) was utilized to measure pain and discomfort. To determine the patients' anxiety levels Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale (SSAS-SAAS) was used. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

According to FLACC scores, IOA and NFA exhibited significantly pain alteration patterns in during local and topical anesthesia, respectively (p = 0.004, 0.001; P < 0.01). Also, only NFA showed significantly decreased SOL values in 5- and 10-min after local anesthesia periods compared to the before levels (p = 0.004, P = 0.001; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Patients feel similar pain perceptions during local anesthesia application in both injection systems. According to the SOL values, NFA may provide more higher anesthetic efficiency than IOA.
Comparison of carotid and vertebral artery doppler measurements in supine and sitting positions
Authors: Ikidag MA , Firat YE
Published: November 2022

Background:

Carotid and vertebral Doppler ultrasonography (USG) is the primary diagnostic tool for the detection of extra cranial atherosclerotic disease and measurement of posterior fossa blood flow volume. The examination is performed while the patient lies on supine position. However, in daily practice we occasionally encounter patients who are not able to lie down on supine position for different reasons, such as kyphosis, severe dyspnea, or severe back pain.

Aim:

We aimed to compare the doppler spectral measurements of carotid and vertebral arteries obtained in supine and sitting positions.

Patients and Methods:

Fifty-three patients were recorded in the first group, to whom carotid and vertebral (CV) Doppler Ultrasound examination was initially performed while sitting, and another 52 patients were examined as the second group where initial measurements were done in a supine position. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (ED) from each vessel, internal carotid artery (ICA)/common carotid artery (CCA) ratio, and volume flow of vertebral artery (VA) were measured in supine and sitting positions. Also, another 83 patients with a complaint of vertigo were included in the third group but only VA measurements were compared.

Results:

In the first group, there was a difference between sitting and supine positions in right ICA diastolic, right and left VA diastolic, and left CCA diastolic velocities (P < 0.05). In the second group, there was a difference in sitting and supine positions in right CCA systolic, right CCA diastolic, and left CCA diastolic velocities (P < 0.05). In the third group, there was a difference in sitting and supine positions in right and left VA diastolic velocities, left VA volume flow, and total VA volume flow (P < 0.05). A strong correlation was detected between supine and sitting positions regarding right and left ICA stenoses. Alterations in waveforms were noted in three patients' unilateral VAs, in supine and sitting positions.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that CV doppler examinations may be performed in the sitting positions. Examination in the sitting position may be helpful in recognizing pre-steal and retrograde flows.
The effect of leisure activities on successful aging
Authors: Çol BK , Köse BG , Başaran AG
Published: November 2022

Backround:

The world population is aging with the prolongation of the expected life expectancy. With the increase in the elderly population in the World, successful aging and leisure activities gained importance. Leisure activities contribute to successful aging by supporting an active lifestyle.

Aim:

This study was designed to examine the relationship between older adults' participation in leisure activities and successful aging indicators such as life satisfaction, happiness, mental well-being, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Subjects and Methods:

The sample of this one-group and pre-post experimental study consisted of 28 older adults. The data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form for the Older Adults, The Happiness, Depression-Anxiety-Stress, Satisfaction with Life, and Mental Well-being Scales. The older adults participated in activities such as bead stringing, rope tying, socks matching, rope knitting, chess, and checkers, according to their preferences, for 30–45 min daily for 7 weeks.

Results:

The Happiness Scale scores statistically significantly increased to 24.39 ± 5.15 (P = 0.027 <0.05) at post-test after the activity. Similarly, Life Satisfaction Scale scores increased significantly to 16.54 ± 3.49 after the activity (P = 0.001 <0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in Depression and Stress Scale scores (depression P = 0.035 <0.05; stress P = 0.011 < 0.05); however, a statistically insignificant increase was seen in anxiety scores (P = 0.758 >0.05). A statistically insignificant increase was also found in the Mental Well-Being Scale post-test score (P = 0.103 >0.05).

Conclusion:

Although leisure activities, effective in successful aging, have a significant effect on the happiness, life satisfaction, depression, and stress levels of older adults, they have no significant effect on the levels of anxiety and mental well-being. To maintain the positive effects of leisure activities, which are effective on success and aging in older adults, these activities can be included in the programs of institutions where people of this age group live.
Performance of artificial intelligence using oral and maxillofacial CBCT images
Authors: Badr FF , Jadu FM
Published: November 2022

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance health care efficiency and diagnostic accuracy.

Aim:

The present study aimed to determine the current performance of AI using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for detection and segmentation.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic search for scholarly articles written in English was conducted on June 24, 2021, in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles that evaluated AI systems using CBCT images for detection and segmentation purposes and achieved reported outcomes in terms of precision and recall, accuracy, based on DICE index and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias was used to evaluate the studies that were included in this meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size.

Results:

Thirteen studies were included for review and analysis. The pooled performance that measures the included AI models is 0.85 (95%CI: 0.73,0.92) for DICE index/DSC, 0.88 (0.77,0.94) for precision, 0.93 (0.84, 0.97) for recall, and 0.83 (0.68, 0.91) for accuracy percentage.

Conclusion:

Some limitations are identified in our meta-analysis such as heterogenicity of studies, risk of bias and lack of ground truth. The application of AI for detection and segmentation using CBCT images is comparable to services offered by trained dentists and can potentially expedite and enhance the interpretive process. Implementing AI into clinical dentistry can analyze a large number of CBCT studies and flag the ones with significant findings, thus increasing efficiency. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO, the international registry for systematic reviews (ID number CRD42021285095).
Archibald Edward Garrod, a combinação da prática clínica com a pesquisa
Authors: Iglesias Gamarra Antonio , Iglesias Gamarra Antonio , Iglesias Gamarra Antonio
Published: November 2022

Este médico, nascido em 1857, defendia que a artrite reumatoide era essencialmente uma doença das articulações e devia ser claramente distinguida do reumatismo.