bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases
Authors: Li Jia , Xiao Chu , Li Chunxiang , He Jie
Published: January 2025

Tissue-resident immune cells (TRICs) are a highly heterogeneous and plastic subpopulation of immune cells that reside in lymphoid or peripheral tissues without recirculation. These cells are endowed with notably distinct capabilities, setting them apart from their circulating leukocyte counterparts. Many studies demonstrate their complex roles in both health and disease, involving the regulation of homeostasis, protection, and destruction. The advancement of tissue-resolution technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and spatiotemporal omics, provides deeper insights into the cell morphology, characteristic markers, and dynamic transcriptional profiles of TRICs. Currently, the reported TRIC population includes tissue-resident T cells, tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells, tissue-resident innate lymphocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, tissue-resident neutrophils (TRNs), and tissue-resident mast cells, but unignorably the existence of TRNs is controversial. Previous studies focus on one of them in specific tissues or diseases, however, the origins, developmental trajectories, and intercellular cross-talks of every TRIC type are not fully summarized. In addition, a systemic overview of TRICs in disease progression and the development of parallel therapeutic strategies is lacking. Here, we describe the development and function characteristics of all TRIC types and their major roles in health and diseases. We shed light on how to harness TRICs to offer new therapeutic targets and present burning questions in this field.
Melanophilin-induced primary cilia promote pancreatic cancer metastasis
Authors: Chao Yu-Ying , Lin Ruei-Ci , Su Ping-Jui , Wang Chu-An , Tu Ting-Yuan , Hou Ya-Chin , Tsai Yi-Tzui , Peng I-Chen , Tsai Shaw-Jenq , Shan Yan-Shen , Wang Chia-Yih
Published: January 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant tumors because of its high metastatic ability. The glutamine (Gln)-deficient microenvironment contributes to PDAC metastasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that melanophilin (MLPH) promotes PDAC metastasis by inducing the regrowth of primary cilia. Using RNA sequencing, we found that MLPH was upregulated in Gln-deficient conditions. MLPH facilitated PDAC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, high MLPH expression is positively correlated with metastasis and poor PDAC prognosis. MLPH localized to the centrosome and facilitated the regrowth of primary cilia. The primary ciliogenesis upregulated phospholipase C γ-1 (PLCG1) to promote PDAC metastasis. Interestingly, PLCG1 was localized to the primary cilia, and depletion of PLCG1 alleviated primary ciliogenesis, suggesting a feedforward role for PLCG1 in mediating primary ciliogenesis. Thus, our study revealed a novel function of the MLPH-primary cilia-PLCG1 axis in facilitating PDAC metastasis under Gln deficiency both in vitro and in vivo.
Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters
Authors: Mohrmann Martin , C. Biddle Louise , Rehder Gregor , Bittig Henry C. , Queste Bastien Y.
Published: January 2025

A suspected 443-486 kt of methane escaped from the Nord Stream pipelines in September 2022 at four explosion sites across three pipelines. Much of this methane rapidly escaped to the atmosphere, while an unknown amount was dissolved. We use sustained high-resolution observations of methane concentrations from autonomous gliders and an instrumented ship of opportunity to reveal the timing and spread of dissolved methane across different Baltic regions and marine protected areas. Estimates of methane spread and concentrations are essential to understand the ecosystem response, and for establishing accurate priors for atmospheric outgassing and transport models. A numerical model, initialized by engineering estimates and our observations, enables us to constrain the mass of locally dissolved Nord Stream methane (9.5-14.7 kt). We show that dissolved methane decreased rapidly through outgassing, however initial concentrations were so high that 14% of the Baltic Sea still experienced concentrations 5 times greater than average natural levels.
Transducing chemical energy through catalysis by an artificial molecular motor
Authors: Wang Peng-Lai , Borsley Stefan , Power Martin J. , Cavasso Alessandro , Giuseppone Nicolas , Leigh David A.
Published: January 2025

Cells display a range of mechanical activities generated by motor proteins powered through catalysis1. This raises the fundamental question of how the acceleration of a chemical reaction can enable the energy released from that reaction to be transduced (and, consequently, work to be done) by a molecular catalyst2–7. Here we demonstrate the molecular-level transduction of chemical energy to mechanical force8 in the form of the powered contraction and powered re-expansion of a cross-linked polymer gel driven by the directional rotation of artificial catalysis-driven9 molecular motors. Continuous 360° rotation of the rotor about the stator of the catalysis-driven motor-molecules incorporated in the polymeric framework of the gel twists the polymer chains of the cross-linked network around one another. This progressively increases writhe and tightens entanglements, causing a macroscopic contraction of the gel to approximately 70% of its original volume. The subsequent addition of the opposite enantiomer fuelling system powers the rotation of the motor-molecules in the reverse direction, unwinding the entanglements and causing the gel to re-expand. Continued powered twisting of the strands in the new direction causes the gel to re-contract. In addition to actuation, motor-molecule rotation in the gel produces other chemical and physical outcomes, including changes in the Young modulus and storage modulus—the latter is proportional to the increase in strand crossings resulting from motor rotation. The experimental demonstration of work against a load by a synthetic organocatalyst, and its mechanism of energy transduction6, informs both the debate3,5,7 surrounding the mechanism of force generation by biological motors and the design principles6,10–14 for artificial molecular nanotechnology.
The translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells reveals key gene regulatory principles
Authors: Kibe Anuja , Buck Stefan , Gribling-Burrer Anne-Sophie , Gilmer Orian , Bohn Patrick , Koch Tatyana , Mireisz Chiara Noemi-Marie , Schlosser Andreas , Erhard Florian , Smyth Redmond P. , Caliskan Neva
Published: January 2025

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) uses a number of strategies to modulate viral and host gene expression during its life cycle. To characterize the transcriptional and translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells, we used a combination of ribosome profiling, disome sequencing and RNA sequencing. We show that HIV-1 messenger RNAs are efficiently translated at all stages of infection, despite evidence for a substantial decrease in the translational efficiency of host genes that are implicated in host cell translation. Our data identify upstream open reading frames in the HIV-1 5′-untranslated region as well as internal open reading frames in the Vif and Pol coding domains. We also observed ribosomal collisions in Gag-Pol upstream of the ribosome frameshift site that we attributed to an RNA structural fold using RNA structural probing and functional analysis. Antisense oligonucleotides designed to alter the base of this structure decreased frameshift efficiency. Overall, our data highlight the complexity of HIV-1 gene regulation and provide a key resource for decoding of host–pathogen interactions upon HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a RNA structural fold including the frameshift site that could serve as a target for antiviral therapy.
Deep eutectic solvent enhances antibacterial activity of a modular lytic enzyme against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Kocot Aleksandra Maria , Swebocki Tomasz , Ciemińska Karolina , Łupkowska Adrianna , Kapusta Małgorzata , Grimon Dennis , Laskowska Ewa , Kaczorowska Anna-Karina , Kaczorowski Tadeusz , Boukherroub Rabah , Briers Yves , Plotka Magdalena
Published: January 2025

In this study, we evaluated the combined effect between MLE-15, a modular lytic enzyme composed of four building blocks, and reline, a natural deep eutectic solvent. The bioinformatic analysis allowed us to determine the spatial architecture of MLE-15, whose components were bactericidal peptide cecropin A connected via a flexible linker to the cell wall binding domain (CBD) of mesophilic 201ϕ2 − 1 endolysin and catalytic domain (EAD) of highly thermostable Ph2119 endolysin. The modular enzyme showed high thermostability with the melting temperature of 93.97 ± 0.38 °C, significantly higher than their natural counterparts derived from mesophilic sources. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MLE-15 was 100 µg/mL for a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the MIC of reline ranged from 6.25 to 25% v/v for the same strains. The addition of reline effectively reduced the MIC of MLE-15 from 100 µg/mL to 3.15–50 µg/mL. This combination displayed additive effects for most strains and synergism for extensively antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacillus subtilis. The subsequent evaluation revealed that MLE-15 eliminated planktonic cells of A. baumannii RUH134, but was ineffective against matured biofilms. However, combined with reline, MLE-15 reduced the bacterial load in the matured biofilm by 1.39 log units. Confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that reline damaged the structure of the biofilm, allowing MLE-15 to penetrate it. Additionally, MLE-15 and its combination with reline eradicated meropenem-persistent cells of A. baumannii RUH134. Effectiveness in lowering the MIC value of MLE-15 as well as protection against antibiotic-tolerant persister cells, indicate that MLE-15 and reline combination is a promising candidate for effective therapies in bacterial infections, which is especially important in the light of the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
Hardware-efficient preparation of architecture-specific graph states on near-term quantum computers
Authors: Brandhofer Sebastian , Polian Ilia , Barz Stefanie , Bhatti Daniel
Published: January 2025

Highly entangled quantum states are an ingredient in numerous applications in quantum computing. However, preparing these highly entangled quantum states on currently available quantum computers at high fidelity is limited by ubiquitous errors. Besides improving the underlying technology of a quantum computer, the scale and fidelity of these entangled states in near-term quantum computers can be improved by specialized compilation methods. In this work, the compilation of quantum circuits for the preparation of highly entangled architecture-specific graph states is addressed by defining and solving a formal model, i.e., a form of discrete constraint optimization. Our model incorporates information about gate cancellations, gate commutations, and accurate gate timing to determine an optimized graph state preparation circuit. Up to now, these aspects have only been considered independently of each other, typically applied to arbitrary quantum circuits. We quantify the quality of a generated state by performing stabilizer measurements and determining its fidelity. We show that our new method reduces the error when preparing a seven-qubit graph state by 3.5x on average compared to the state-of-the-art Qiskit solution. For a linear eight-qubit graph state, the error is reduced by 6.4x on average. The presented results highlight the ability of our approach to prepare higher fidelity or larger-scale graph states on gate-based quantum computing hardware.
Association between air pollution and lifestyle with the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia in individuals with cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Lingling , Ma Ting , He Shulan , Li Jiangping , Sun Xian
Published: January 2025

Lifestyle factors and ambient air pollution are linked to dementia and CMDs, yet few studies have investigated their impact on dementia risk in CMDs patients at the same time. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the influence of lifestyle and ambient air pollution on the dementia risk of the CMDs population among 438,681 participants in the UK Biobank. It is found that the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the population seems to increase with the increase in the number of CMDs. There appears to be a statistically significant association between high levels of ambient air pollution, unhealthy lifestyles, and a higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the CMDs population. It is found that a healthy lifestyle may have an effect modifier role in the association between ambient air pollution and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and the development of dementia in patients with CMDs. Therefore, maybe people with CMDs can lessen the impact of ambient air pollution on their risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia by improving their lifestyle.
An improved SPWM control approach with aid of ant lion optimization for minimizing the THD in multilevel inverters
Authors: Abdel-hamed Alaa M. , Nasser Abdelrahman M. , Shatla Hamdy , Refky Amr
Published: January 2025

This article presents an innovative asymmetric multilevel inverter (MLI) topology that outperforms conventional counterparts. The introduced topology presents a breakthrough in implementing power electronics control by maximizing specific levels while minimizing switching components. A cutting-edge control scheme for optimal operation of the cascaded half-bridge MLI is presented. The ant lion optimization (ALO) algorithm was implemented to optimize the switching control to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and improve power quality. For verification, the performance and effectiveness of the ALO technique are assessed by comparing its results to those obtained using the simplified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SSPWM) technique, genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in existing literature. Simulation results verified the efficacy of ALO in finding the optimal parameters. The suggested method showcases a remarkable reduction in the THD compared to SSPWM. The quality of the resulting waveform was enhanced, and both filter size and cost were significantly reduced. To meet stringent IEEE standards, an LC filter has been designed with minimal size and proper requirements. Experimental results validation of the suggested scheme, using a dSPACE R&D controller board unequivocally, confirmed its robustness and effectiveness. This groundbreaking study not only introduces a superior asymmetric MLI topology but also validates its exceptional performance through comprehensive analysis and experimentation. The experimental waveforms showed good matching with the simulation outcomes. The findings hold immense promise for advancing the field of power system control and revolutionizing the designing and implementation of efficient and cost-effective inverter systems.
Application of three statistical approaches to explore effects of dietary intake of multiple persistent organic pollutants on ER-positive breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort
Authors: Frenoy Pauline , Ahmed Ismaïl , Marques Chloé , Ren Xuan , Severi Gianluca , Perduca Vittorio , Mancini Francesca Romana
Published: January 2025

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of organic chemical compounds. Contradictory results have emerged in epidemiological studies attempting to elucidate their relationship with breast cancer risk. This study explored the relationship between dietary exposures to multiple POPs and ER-positive breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort study, using three different approaches to handle multicollinearity among exposures. Intakes of 81 POPs were estimated using food consumption data from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and food contamination data. In the first approach, hierarchical clustering was performed to identify clusters of correlated POPs. For each cluster, the levels of POPs belonging to it were averaged. These average levels were then included in a Cox model to estimate their associations with ER-positive breast cancer occurrence. The second and third approaches applied in the present study were Principal component Cox regression (PCR-Cox) and partial least squares Cox regression (PLS-Cox) respectively, both being dimension-reduction methods (respectively unsupervised and supervised) coupled to a Cox model, used to identify principal components of POPs and to estimate their associations with ER-positive breast occurrence. All models were adjusted for potential confounders previously identified using a directed acyclic graph. The study included 66,722 women with a median follow-up of 20.3 years, during which 3,739 developed an incident ER-positive breast cancer. The variable clustering method did not identify any association between the averaged variables and ER-positive breast cancer risk. Five components were retained using both the PCR-Cox and PLS-Cox methods explaining 82% and 77% of the variance in the initial exposure matrix respectively. Among these components, none was significantly associated with the occurrence of ER-positive breast cancer. This study provides an illustrative example of the application of three distinct statistical methods in the context of highly correlated environmental exposures, discussing their potential relevance and limitations within this specific framework.
Plasma levels of anti phosphocholine IgM antibodies are negatively correlated with bone mineral density in humans
Authors: Palmieri Michela , Maraka Spyridoula , Spencer Horace J. , Thostenson Jeff D. , Dishongh Katherine , Knox Micheal , Ussery Betty , Byrd Jesse , Kuipers Jacqueline K. , Abedzadeh-Anaraki Sanaz , Duvoor Chitharanjan , Mao Yuanjie , Menon Lakshmi , Williams James S. , Manolagas Stavros C. , Jilka Robert L. , Ambrogini Elena
Published: January 2025

Phosphatidylcholine is a ubiquitous phospholipid. It contains a phosphocholine (PC) headgroup and polyunsaturated fatty acids that, when oxidized, form reactive oxidized phospholipids (PC-OxPLs). PC-OxPLs are pathogenic in multiple diseases and neutralized by anti-PC IgM antibodies. The levels of anti-PC IgM increase as the levels of PC-OxPLs increase and, in humans, are inversely correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and steatohepatitis. PC-OxPLs also decrease bone mass in mice. Overexpression of anti-PC IgM ameliorates atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis, increases bone mass in young mice, and protects against high fat diet- and age-associated osteoporosis. We investigated the relationship between anti-PC IgM plasma levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in a cross-sectional study of 247 participants [mean age: 65.5 (± 8.6) years] without medical conditions known to influence BMD or antibody production. Anti-PC IgM levels negatively correlated with both T- and Z-scores at the lumbar spine, femur and, to a lesser extent, the forearm. These correlations were maintained after adjustment for age, race, and sex. These results raise the possibility that higher levels of anti-PC IgM in patients with lower BMD reflect exposure to higher levels of PC-OxPLs, which are known to affect bone mass, and could be a novel risk marker for osteoporosis.
Unique ultrastructural organization of human rod photoreceptors
Authors: Lewis Tylor R. , Klementieva Natalia V. , Phan Sebastien , Castillo Carson M. , Kim Keun-Young , Cao Lauren Y. , Ellisman Mark H. , Arshavsky Vadim Y. , Alekseev Oleg
Published: January 2025

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons responsible for transforming the information reaching the eyes in the form of photons into the language of neuronal activity. Rods are the most prevalent photoreceptor type, primarily responsible for light detection under conditions of limited illumination. Here we demonstrate that human rods have a morphological organization unique among all described species, whereby the cell soma extends alongside the light-sensitive outer segment compartment to form a structure we have termed the “accessory inner segment.” These structures have two striking features: they are reinforced by a massive microtubular cytoskeleton and contain electron-dense adhesions that mediate their attachment to outer segments. Given that the spacing of human rod photoreceptors is sparser than in most other species, the accessory inner segment likely provides mechanical support to the closely apposed outer segment. This discovery expands our understanding of the human retina and directs future studies of human photoreceptor function in health and disease.
Functional genomics implicates ebony in the black pupae phenotype of tephritid fruit flies
Authors: Paulo Daniel F. , Nguyen Thu N. M. , Ward Chris M. , Corpuz Renee L. , Kauwe Angela N. , Rendon Pedro , Ruano Rocio E. Y. , Cardoso Amanda A. S. , Gouvi Georgia , Fung Elisabeth , Crisp Peter , Okada Anzu , Choo Amanda , Stauffer Christian , Bourtzis Kostas , Sim Sheina B. , Baxter Simon W. , Geib Scott M.
Published: January 2025

The remarkable diversity of insect pigmentation offers a captivating avenue for studying evolution and genetics. In tephritids, understanding the molecular basis of mutant traits is also crucial for applied entomology, enabling the creation of genetic sexing strains through genome editing, thus facilitating sex-sorting before sterile insect releases. Here, we present evidence from classical and modern genetics showing that the black pupae (bp) phenotype in the GUA10 strain of Anastrepha ludens is caused by a large deletion at the ebony locus, removing the gene’s entire coding region. Targeted knockout of ebony induced analogous bp phenotypes across six major tephritid agricultural pests, demonstrating that disruption of Ebony alone is sufficient to produce the mutant trait in distantly related species. This functional characterization further allowed a deeper exploration of Ebony’s role in pigmentation and development across life stages in diverse species. Our findings offer key insights for molecular engineering of sexing strains based on the bp marker and for future evolutionary developmental biology studies in tephritids.
Deciphering the safeguarding role of cysteine residues in p53 against H2O2-induced oxidation using high-resolution native mass spectrometry
Authors: Peris-Díaz Manuel David , Krężel Artur , Barran Perdita
Published: January 2025

The transcription factor p53 is exquisitely sensitive and selective to a broad variety of cellular environments. Several studies have reported that oxidative stress weakens the p53-DNA binding affinity for certain promoters depending on the oxidation mechanism. Despite this body of work, the precise mechanisms by which the physiologically relevant DNA-p53 tetramer complex senses cellular stresses caused by H2O2 are still unknown. Here, we employed native mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility (IM)-MS coupled to chemical labelling and H2O2-induced oxidation to examine the mechanism of redox regulation of the p53-p21 complex. Our approach has found that two reactive cysteines in p53 protect against H2O2-induced oxidation by forming reversible sulfenates.
Raman active diyne-girder conformationally constrained p53 stapled peptides bind to MDM2 for visualisation without fluorophores
Authors: Morgan Danielle C. , McDougall Laura , Knuhtsen Astrid , Buetow Lori , Steven Craig F. , Shepperson Oscar A. , Huang Danny T. , Hulme Alison N. , Jamieson Andrew G.
Published: January 2025

This work describes the development of Raman-active diyne-girder stapled peptides that selectively bind MDM2 and enable cellular visualisation without fluorophores, providing a new method for studying protein–protein interactions.
Influence of solution stoichiometry on the thermodynamic stability of prenucleation FeS clusters
Authors: Peters Vincent F. D. , Koskamp Janou A. , Di Tommaso Devis , Wolthers Mariette
Published: January 2025

FeS nucleation is generally more favourable in excess of sulphide compared to iron.
Microscopic insights into the effects of interfacial dynamics and nanoconfinement on characteristics of calcium carbonate clusters within two-dimensional nanochannels
Authors: Li Jia-Ying , Ma Rui-Tian , Zheng Shi-Qi , Xia Tian , Yi Hai-Bo
Published: January 2025

Dynamics of Ca2+ and CO32−, due to the synergistic effects of the interface and nanoconfinement within 2D nanochannels, result in the formation of CaCO3 clusters with highly coordinated Ca2+–CO32− structures, favoring the nucleation of aragonite.
Balancing molecular information and empirical data in the prediction of physico-chemical properties
Authors: Zenn Johannes , Gond Dominik , Jirasek Fabian , Bamler Robert
Published: January 2025

We propose a general framework for predicting physico-chemical properties. The method combines structure information and learned representations, and trades off between them based on uncertainty estimates with the expectation maximization algorithm.
Exploring the sensitivities of experimental techniques to various types of membrane asymmetry using atomistic simulations
Authors: Heberle Frederick , Doktorova Milka
Published: January 2025

Biological membranes have two leaflets that can differ in both lipid composition and total lipid abundance. These different types of asymmetries play a major role in determining the biophysical properties...
Plasmonic Bi-doped Bi-Bi2Sn2O7/Bi-g-C3N4 photothermal catalysis for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gu Rao , Zhang Jianzhong , Liu Hang , Zhu Shien , Su Dawei , Wang Tianyi , Mou Yi , Wang Chengyin
Published: January 2025

Enhanced photothermal catalytic ammonia synthesis using a plasmonic Bi-Bi2Sn2O7/Bi-g-C3N4 composite catalyst.
Synthetic route for high-yield α′′-Fe16N2 submicron-sized powder using CaH2 drying agent
Authors: Tsuchida Takayuki , Fukushima Jun , Tobise Masahiro , Takizawa Hirotsugu
Published: January 2025

A high-yield α′′-Fe16N2 powder with 20–30 nm primary particles can be synthesized from Fe3O4via H2 reduction, and subsequent nitridation with a CaH2 drying agent. Controlling the crystallite diameter of α-Fe is key to promoting nitridation.
Reducing the metal–insulator transition temperature of VO2 nanowires by surface molecular adsorption-induced hole doping
Authors: Guo Xitao , Cheng Guiquan , Zafar Zainab , Su Zhicheng , Chen Qinqi , Yang Zhenxing , Huang Xin , Quan Silong , Zou Jijun
Published: January 2025

Leveraging the adsorption-induced surface charge transfer of F4TCNQ molecules, we present a straightforward and efficient technique for altering the MIT behavior of VO2 NWs without introducing substitutional disorder.
Photocatalytic detoxification of a sulfur mustard simulant using donor-enhanced porphyrin-based covalent-organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Yana , Shen Zewen , Hu Yezi , Zhang Haotian , Yin Lisha , Zhao Guixia , Hai Guangtong , Huang Xiubing
Published: January 2025

Porphyrin-based COF-OMe with a strong electron-donating group exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity among the three COFs for the detoxification of CEES in the methanol solvent.
A photodetector based on the non-centrosymmetric 2D pseudo-binary chalcogenide MnIn2Se4
Authors: Serra Marco , Antonatos Nikolas , Lajaunie Luc , Albero Josep , Garcia Hermenegildo , Weng Mouyi , Bastonero Lorenzo , Sarkar Kalyan Jyoti , Gusmão Rui , Luxa Jan , Bartoszewicz Rafał , Ziembicki Jakub , Plutnarová Iva , Marzari Nicola , Kudrawiec Robert , Sofer Zdenek
Published: January 2025

The lack of centrosymmetry in MnIn2Se4 crystals can lead to improved charge separation and enhanced responsivity of the photodetector prepared therefrom.
A novel reliability estimation methodology towards the design and implementation of symmetric multilevel inverter for long run applications
Authors: Krishnachaitanya Daki , Annamalai Chitra , Al‐Greer Maher , Biswas Sitangshu Sekhar
Published: January 2025

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are gaining attention in numerous applications due to their better performance attributes. Still, their utility in long‐run applications remains a critical concern due to the reliability issues. This work proposes a novel reliability estimation methodology tailored specifically for MLIs. The proposed reliability method employs advanced simulation techniques and statistical models to estimate the failure probabilities of critical components within the MLI. The proposed methodology provides a more optimal assessment of the MLI's expected reliability over time. This enables designers and engineers to make informed decisions regarding component selection, system configuration, and maintenance schedules to enhance the long‐term reliability of the MLI. Considering the drawbacks of the existing MLIs, this work has proposed a new symmetrical 7‐level inverter with promising functional and reliability traits. The proposed topology appears to surpass existing topologies in several key metrics, including switching losses, reliability, THD, and component count. The performance of the proposed MLI has been validated through hardware results. These results show that the reliability methodology implemented can accurately estimate the MLI's reliability across various scenarios, enabling the identification of potential failure points and the formulation of strategies to mitigate reliability risks.
Hubble expansion signature on simulated halo density profiles
Authors: Korkidis Giorgos , Pavlidou Vasiliki
Published: January 2025

Context. Density profiles are important tools in galaxy cluster research, offering insights into clusters dynamical states and their relationship with the broader Universe. While these profiles provide valuable information about the matter content of the Universe, their utility in understanding its dark energy component has remained limited due to a lack of tools allowing us to study the transition from cluster portions that are relaxed and infalling, to those that are merging with the Hubble flow.

Aims. In this work we investigate signatures of this transition in stacked density profiles of simulated cluster-sized halos at different redshifts.

Methods. To highlight the Hubble flow around clusters, we used their turnaround radius to normalize stacked simulated density profiles and calculate their logarithmic slope. Then, we complement our analysis by modeling the outer portions of these profiles assuming Gaussian early Universe statistics and the spherical collapse model (SCM) without shell-crossing.

Results. We find the logarithmic slope of median cluster density profiles beyond the turnaround radius – where the Hubble flow dominates – to be Universal and well described by our model. Importantly, we find the slope of the profiles to diverge from the SCM prediction from within the turnaround radius where the actual profiles exhibit caustics which give rise to the splashback feature.

Conclusions. We suggest utilizing this divergence from the spherical collapse model as a method to identify the turnaround radius in stacked cluster density profiles, offering a new perspective on understanding cluster dynamics and their cosmological implications.
Search for the multi-wavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources
Authors: Ulgiati A. , Paiano S. , Pintore F. , Russell T. D. , Sbarufatti B. , Pinto C. , Ambrosi E. , D’Aì A. , Cusumano G. , Del Santo M.
Published: January 2025

Aims. We searched for the multi-wavelength (X-ray, optical, and radio) counterparts to the unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS) of the Fermi 4FGL-DR4 catalogue. The main goal was to identify new blazars and/or new active galactic nuclei that emit at GeV energies [such as (narrow-line) Seyfert-1 and radio galaxies].

Methods. We focused on sky regions that were observed by the Swift satellite and that overlap with the reported positions of the UGSs. Our primary interest are extragalactic sources, and we therefore focused on UGSs that are located outside the Galactic plane (|b|> 10°). Because of the large number of sources (about 1800 UGS), we developed a pipeline to automatise the search for counterparts and significantly reduce the computational time for the analysis. Our association process began by identifying potential X-ray counterparts for each UGS. When one was found, we further searched for corresponding radio and optical counterparts in the X-ray counterpart error box to minimise ambiguities.

Results. Out of the 1284 UGSs in the 4FGL-DR4 catalogue, 714 were observed at least once by Swift/X-ray Telescope (Swift/XRT). We detected at least one X-ray source within the Fermi error box with a significance of ≥3σ for 274 of these γ-ray emitters. Of these, 193 UGSs have a single potential X-ray counterpart (referred to as UGS1), while 81 have multiple potential X-ray counterparts within the Fermi error box (referred to as UGS2). Of the UGS2, 54 have two X-ray counterparts, 11 have three, and the remaining 16 have more than three counterparts. Each UGS1 has an optical counterpart, and 113 might also be associated with a radio counterpart. We compared the properties of the possible counterpart with those of the γ-ray emitters identified by Fermi with the aim to assess the goodness of our associations.
Energy and Wake effects Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm using PSO algorithm
Authors: Ouhdan Mahmoud , Ait Madi Abdessalam , Hassoine Mohammed Amine
Published: January 2025

As wind farms grow in size, the detrimental effects of wake interactions on energy yields become increasingly pronounced. This leads to the new challenge essential to the production of renewable energy. The two main objectives of offshore wind farm planning are to maximize annual energy production and minimize wake loss. To accomplish the twin goals of reducing wake impacts and maximizing energy production, this research tackles a novel method to investigate trade-offs between competing goals using multi-objective optimization algorithms. We introduce this problem with a sophisticated wake named the Bastankhah-Porté-Agel (BPA) model. To tackle this problem, the research has developed a multi-objective optimization framework in Python that shows the Pareto front, which illustrates the trade-off between wake effects and (AEP) by using a particle swarming optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed multi-objective optimization framework offers a disciplined way to balance energy production and wake loss, which advances the offshore wind farm design. The results indicate that the proposed method is robust in finding the optimized layout for improving sustainability and offshore wind energy efficiency. Before carrying out this process, the proposed tool has been validated using data obtained by a wind farm in Georgia.
Prediction of case types from non-searchable pdf documents in arabic: Comparison of machine learning and deep learning with image processing
Authors: El Arrasse Mouad , Khourdifi Youness , Mounir Soufyane , El Alami Alae
Published: January 2025

The study conducted focuses on predicting the different types of judicial cases presented to Moroccan administrative courts by using court decisions in the form of non-searchable PDF documents in the Arabic language. To achieve this, we utilized image processing, text cleaning techniques, and machine learning algorithms.We carried out a comparative study using both machine learning and deep learning techniques. The experiment was conducted in two phases: first on 697 court decisions, and then on 14,207 decisions from the Administrative Court of Appeal in Marrakech. Despite the challenges associated with the Arabic language, our methods were able to efficiently extract text, leading to accurate predictions. For the experiment on 697 decisions, machine learning achieved an accuracy rate of 91%, while deep learning reached 100%. For the experiment on 14,207 decisions, machine learning obtained an accuracy of 97%, and deep learning achieved 96%.As a result, this study contributes to the existing literature on the digitization and processing of unstructured documents in the Arabic language, as well as on the prediction of judicial case types through the use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms.
Arthropathie als erste Manifestation einer undiagnostizierten Hämochromatose: ein Fallbericht zu einem ungewöhnlichen Verlauf
Authors: Besjana Hoxha , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Triantafyllias Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

Ein 54-jähriger Mann stellte sich aufgrund seit etwa 2 Jahren zunehmenden Arthralgien und Schwellungen der Metakarpophalangeal-Gelenke (MCP) II und III vor. Zusätzlich klagte er über Morgensteifigkeit und Arthralgien in beiden Knien und Füßen.

Rheumatologisch zeigten sich Druckschmerzen an den MCP-Gelenken II und III sowie an den proximalen Interphalangeal-Gelenken II und III ohne sichtbare Schwellungen. Röntgenaufnahmen der Hände wiesen symmetrische Arthrosen der MCP-Gelenke I–III auf. Die Arthrosonografie ergab symmetrische osteophytäre Ausziehungen ohne entzündliche Zeichen. Laborchemisch waren Ferritin (1436µg/l), Eisen (252µg/dl) und die Transferrin-Sättigung (79%) erhöht. Eine homozygote C282Y-Mutation wurde genetisch nachgewiesen, und die FibroScan-Elastografie ergab eine fortgeschrittene Fibrose.

Hämochromatose-assoziierte Arthropathie.

Einleitung einer symptomorientierten Analgesie mit Metamizol. Stationär zusätzlich physiotherapeutische und ergotherapeutische Behandlungen. Die weitere Therapie erfolgt durch hepatologische Spezialisten eines universitären Zentrums, der Verlauf bleibt abzuwarten.

Ein symmetrischer Befall der MCP-Gelenke II und III sollte an das Vorliegen einer Hämochromatose denken lassen.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel mutation in intrahepatic
cholestasis of pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Tingting , Wang Xiaodong , Deng Xixi , Li Xueqi , Zhan Yongchi , Ren Yuxin
Published: January 2025

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a
pregnancy-specific liver disease characterized by pruritus and elevated total
bile acid (TBA) levels. The most serious impact of ICP is sudden unexplained
intrauterine fetal death, especially when an associated TBA ≥ 100 µmol/L is
confirmed.

We report a case of a 27-year-old female patient with early-onset
severe refractory ICP. Whole-exome sequencing and mutation analyses were
performed to obtain genetic data on the patient and her mother. Sanger
sequencing was performed to screen the mutation site. Computer-based algorithms
were applied to predict the pathogenesis of the identified mutation.
Subsequently, we conducted a literature review to characterize the pathological
features and perinatal management of severe refractory ICP, especially ICP with
genetic susceptibility.

A heterozygous mutation in the ABCD3 gene: c.130C >
T/p.Pro44Ser was detected in this patient. Through the analysis of pathogenicity
prediction software, the mutations were disease-causing. This is the first
report to identify the novel p.Pro44Ser mutations of ABCD3 gene in ICP
patients.

Our report provides new insights into the genetic
architecture of ICP involving ABCD3 variants. Early-onset severe
refractory ICP is rare and mutations in bile acid metabolism genes might
accentuate the phenotype. Emphasized perinatal management and screening for
potential pathogenicity sites of variants that drive specific recognition of ICP
is necessary.
Minimally Invasive Radial–Ulnar and Tibial Fracture Management with Supracutaneous Locking Plates in Dogs and Cats
Authors: İnal Kamil S.
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to report the clinical, radiographic, and computed tomography results of supracutaneous locking plate (SLP) application in radial–ulnar and tibial fractures.

Study Design In this clinical prospective study, cats and dogs with nonarticular radial, ulnar, and tibial fractures were managed with SLP. Surgical records, fracture healing, complications, and lameness were reviewed during scheduled rechecks. Fracture healing was assessed by clinical, radiographic, and tomographic reexaminations.

Results All cases were reevaluated during clinical and radiological follow-up examinations for 13 weeks. Supracutaneous locking plates were used in 8 radial–ulnar and 25 tibial fractures. Closed reduction was used in 10 cases, and the minimally invasive osteosynthesis approach technique was used in 20 cases. The median fracture healing time was 50.5 days (range: 27–88). Callus area, the Hounsfield units value of callus tissue, and three-dimensional bone volume gradually increased during fracture healing (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Using SLPs to manage nonarticular diaphyseal radial–ulnar and tibial fractures in cats and dogs resulted in acceptable clinical outcomes. Cats and dogs tolerated SLPs well, and no complications related to structural integrity were encountered in most cases.
Sonographic and Anthropometric Measurements for Body Composition and
Their Relationship with Functioning in Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Avar-Aydin Pinar Ozge , Koyuncu Esra Gizem , Dogan Duygu , Ates Nursena Kologlu , Gurel Emel , Arda Nuray , Ozcakar Levent
Published: January 2025

Obesity is one of the most common chronic diseases seen in
children and adolescents. This study aims to examine the impact of obesity on
body composition, assessed by sonographic and anthropometric measurements, and
health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents.

Anthropometric measurements, sonographic measurements of
subcutaneous fat, quadriceps muscle, Achilles tendon thickness, and HRQoL were
performed in children between 12–18 years of age. Comparisons between
adolescents with obesity and normal body mass index (BMI) were examined.

A total of 300 adolescents with similar physical activity levels,
28.7% with obesity, were enrolled. The thickness of mid-forearm/mid-thigh
subcutaneous fat tissue and quadriceps muscle was significantly higher in
participants with obesity (p≤0.001). Moderate-to-strong correlation with BMI and
waist circumference was observed (r>0.40, p<0.01). Participants with
longer duration of obesity had thicker quadriceps muscle irrespective of the
severity of obesity or presence of metabolic syndrome. Achilles tendon thickness
did not differ between the groups. HRQoL was significantly lower in adolescents
with obesity and indicated a negative moderate correlation between physical
functioning and subcutaneous fat thickness (r<− 0.50, p<0.01).

An important relationship between sonographic and
anthropometric measurements, and physical functioning was demonstrated in
adolescents. Ultrasound seems to have a role in the evaluation of body
composition in obesity beyond what is captured by overall BMI. Significantly
increased quadriceps muscle thickness in adolescents with obesity, coupled with
its relation to the duration of obesity, implies potential temporal association
between excess body weight and adaptation of quadriceps muscle.
Current Concepts in Fluid Resuscitation and Vasopressor Use in Cirrhosis
Authors: Premkumar Madhumita , Kajal Kamal , Gupta Pankaj , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: January 2025

Critically ill patients with cirrhosis and liver failure do not uncommonly have hypotension due to multifactorial reasons, which include a hyperdynamic state with increased cardiac index (CI), low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) due to portal hypertension, following the use of beta-blocker or diuretic therapy, and severe sepsis. These changes are mediated by microvascular alterations in the liver, systemic inflammation, activation of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and vasodilatation due to endothelial dysfunction. Haemodynamic assessment includes measuring inferior vena cava indices, cardiac output (CO), and SVR using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), arterial waveform analysis, pulmonary artery pressures, and lactate clearance to guide fluid resuscitation. Fluid responsiveness reflects the ability of fluid bolus to increase the CO and is assessed effectively by POCUS, passive leg raises manoeuvre, and dynamic tests such as pulse pressure and stroke volume variation in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated patients. Albumin has pleiotropic benefits through anti-inflammatory properties besides its standard action on oncotic pressure and volume expansion in patients with cirrhosis but has the potential for precipitating pulmonary oedema. In conclusion, fluid therapy in critically ill patients with liver disease is a complex and dynamic process that requires individualized management protocols to optimize patient outcomes.
Metal-free Photo-Induced Cascade Cyclization of Alkyne-Tethered N-Alkoxylbenzamides
Authors: Tang Ximei , Bao Chen , Cheng Guang , Liao Yuling , Xie Wenlin , Qiu Guanyinsheng
Published: January 2025

In this work, a photo-induced synthesis of isoxazolidine-fused isoquinolin-1-ones and 3,4-dihydro-[1,2]oxazino[2,3-b]isoquinolin-10(2H)-one from alkyne-tethered N-alkoxybenzamides is reported. The gram-scaled synthesis and structural elaboration of isoxazolidine-fused isoquinolin-1-one are also realized. The reaction is promoted by 1.0 equiv of TBAC, featuring with metal-free and catalyst-free conditions. In the reaction, it is believed that the starting materials alkyne-tethered N-alkoxybenzamides serve as photo-sensitizer, and the photoexcited substrate induces the formation of chloro radical. The N-radical results from hydrogen atom abstraction of chloro radical with N-H bond of substrates.
Recent Advances in Single-Electron Reduction-Induced Ring Opening of N-Acyl Cyclic Amines
Authors: Aida Kazuhiro , Ota Eisuke , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: January 2025

Cyclic amines represent ubiquitous structural motifs in organic chemistry, prominently featured in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The development of synthetic methodologies targeting cyclic amines has attracted considerable interest, given their significance in medicinal chemistry. These transformations can be broadly categorized into two main types: (1) peripheral modification and (2) “skeletal remodeling.” Recent advancements in late-stage C–H functionalization have showcased the synthetic potential of peripheral modification strategies. Conversely, “skeletal remodeling”, particularly through the ring opening of cyclic amines, has emerged as a powerful approach to access structurally diverse amines. Ring opening of cyclic amines, initiated by C–N bond cleavage, predominantly relies on two-electron mechanisms. Strained cyclic amines readily undergo such transformations, while larger-membered ring like pyrrolidines present greater challenges. Oxidative and von Braun-type approaches have facilitated heterolytic C–N bond cleavage, offering broad applicability across various cyclic amines. In contrast, reductive approaches, which enable homolytic C–N bond cleavage, provide unique access to radical-mediated transformations. This short review highlights recent progress in single-electron reduction-induced ring-opening methodologies, focusing on α-aminoketyl radical generation for selective amide C–N bond cleavage. Advances in the ring opening of aziridines, azetidines, pyrrolidines, and other cyclic amines are discussed, along with their synthetic implications and future prospects.
Efficient synthesis of N-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-amine and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Tian Xing , Zhang Jin , Li Yang
Published: January 2025

N-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl) thiazole-2-amine is an important class of fluorinated heterocyclic compounds, particularly in the fields of fungicides and insecticides. However, there are very limited reports on the synthesis methods of such compounds. Here, we report a concise and efficient new method for synthesizing this thiazol-2-amine, which has good substrate versatility, strong functional group tolerance, and a single product structure. We can effectively and selectively control the product structure and yield by adding or not adding alkali and other factors. The bactericidal activity test showed that most of these compounds have bactericidal activity, and the best bactericidal rate can reach 99%.