Abstract PD3-16: Clinical safety and efficacy of the aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 in previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Diamond JR , Eckhardt SG , Pitts TM , van Bokhoven A , Aisner D , Gustafson DL , Capasso A , Elias AD , Storniolo AM , Schneider BP , Gao D , Tentler JJ , Borges VF , Miller KD 
Published: February 2018

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype defined by the lack of expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and lack of HER2 over-expression. ENMD-2076 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Aurora and angiogenic kinases with pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative activity in preclinical models of TNBC.

Methods: This two institution, single-arm, two-stage, phase II clinical trial enrolled patients with locally advanced or metastatic TNBC refractory to 1-3 prior lines of chemotherapy in the advanced setting. Patients had ECOG PS ≤ 1, measureable disease by RECIST 1.1 and no evidence of brain metastasis. Patients were treated with ENMD-2076 250 mg PO daily with continuous dosing in 4-week cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary end point was 6-month clinical benefit rate (6-CBR) and secondary endpoints included time to progression (TTP), PK profile, safety and biologic correlatives in archival and fresh serial tumor biopsies in a subset of patients.

Results: Between July 2012 and October 2016, 41 patients were enrolled (median age 54; range 30-73; female 40; male 1). Patients received a mean 1.7 prior lines of chemotherapy for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic disease and 80.5% received prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (N=33). Thirty-six patients were evaluable per protocol for the primary efficacy analysis. Five patients (12.2%) were not included in the efficacy analysis due to: adverse events (AE) leading to discontinuation prior to objective efficacy assessment (N=3), not meeting eligibility criteria on day 1 (N=1) and withdraw of consent in cycle 1 (N=1). The study proceeded to the second stage of enrollment based on observing three 6-CBR events in Stage 1 (N=18 patients). The 6-CBR in the overall trial was 16.7% (95% exact CI: 6%-32.8%; 2 patients with PR and 4 patients with SD &gt; 6 mos). The median duration of response or clinical benefit in these patients was 32 weeks (8 cycles). 4-CBR was 27.8% (95% exact CI: 14%-45.2%). Dose reduction occurred in 8 patients (20%) for fatigue, hypertension and proteinuria. The most common grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were hypertension (37.5%) and fatigue (10%). One patient experienced grade 4 hypertension. Analysis of serial tumor biopsies prior to and following 2 weeks of ENMD-2076 (N=8 patients), demonstrated a treatment-induced decrease in cellular proliferation (Ki-67) and microvessel density (CD34) as assessed by IHC. Immunofluorescence performed on a subset of samples demonstrated an increase in p53-family member expression following treatment, consistent with changes observed in preclinical TNBC patient-derived tumor xenograft models.

Conclusions: ENMD-2076 has durable clinical activity in a subset of patients with pretreated, advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Predictive biomarker development using archival and fresh tumor tissue is underway. Exploration of lower doses of ENMD-2076 in future clinical trials may improve tolerability.

Citation Format: Diamond JR, Eckhardt SG, Pitts TM, van Bokhoven A, Aisner D, Gustafson DL, Capasso A, Elias AD, Storniolo AM, Schneider BP, Gao D, Tentler JJ, Borges VF, Miller KD. Clinical safety and efficacy of the aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 in previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD3-16.