bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feature Selection Strategy for Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) Using Meerkat Clan Algorithm
Authors: R. Muhsen Atheer , G. Jumaa Ghazwh , F. AL Bakri Nadia , T. Sadiq Ahmed
Published: August 2021

The task of network security is to keep services available at all times by dealing with hacker attacks. One of the mechanisms obtainable is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which is used to sense and classify any abnormal actions. Therefore, the IDS system should always be up-to-date with the latest hacker attack signatures to keep services confidential, safe, and available. IDS speed is a very important issue in addition to learning new attacks. A modified selection strategy based on features was proposed in this paper one of the important swarm intelligent algorithms is the Meerkat Clan Algorithm (MCA). Meerkat Clan Algorithm has good diversity solutions through its neighboring generation conduct and it was used to solve several problems. The proposed strategy benefitted from mutual information to increase the performance and decrease the consumed time. Two datasets (NSL-KDD & UNSW-NB15) for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been used to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental findings indicate that, compared to other approaches, the proposed algorithm produces good results in a minimum of time.

 
Demystifying Multi-Tier Cost Model for Scheduling in Fog Communication Networks
Authors: T. Jagadesh , B. Jaishankar
Published: August 2021

In this chapter, the authors explore a cost model and the come about cost-minimization client booking issue in multi-level mist figuring organizations. For an average multi-level haze figuring network comprising of one haze control hub (FCN), different fog access nodes (FANs), and user equipment (UE), how to model the cost paid to FANs for propelling assets sharing and how to adequately plan UEs to limit the cost for FCN are still issues to be settled. To unravel these issues, multi-level cost model, including the administration delay and a straight backwards request dynamic installment conspire, is proposed, and a cost-minimization client planning issue is defined. Further, the client planning issue is reformulated as an expected game and demonstrated to have a Nash equilibrium (NE) arrangement.
Power Quality Improvement for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Panels Using Direct Power Control
Authors: Fekik Arezki , Hamida Mohamed Lamine , Houassine Hamza , Azar Ahmad Taher , Kamal Nashwa Ahmad , Denoun Hakim , Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Sambas Aceng
Published: August 2021

This chapter displays a control strategy for a photovoltaic system (PV) linked to the network with two phases of a PWM converter, where the first phase is a DC-DC converter linked among the photovoltaic source and the DC-AC converter. The second phase is a DC-AC converter linked to the grid. The maximum power point (MPP) is tracked by DC-DC converter, which increases the DC bus voltage. The P&O (perturbation and observation) technique is utilized as a direct current (DC-DC) converter controller to make the PV arrays work at greatest value of power under changing weather conditions. The DC-AC converter transfers the maximum power extracted from the PV cell into the grid. To improve the energy quality produced by the photovoltaic field other than the performance of the pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter, direct power control (DPC) is used to achieve these improvements. The simulation results showed a good performance of the suggested controller. Decoupled power control is achieved successfully, and a good power quality with low harmonic distortion rate (THD) is obtained.
Exploring Critical Success Factors Towards Adoption of M-Government Services in Tanzania
Authors: Ishengoma Fredrick
Published: August 2021

For the past decade, the Tanzanian government has started implementing m-government initiatives. However, little is known about the factors surrounding m-government adoption in Tanzania. Consequently, some m-government services have been successfully adopted while others are still struggling (having a low level of adoption). In this chapter, the authors investigate critical success factors (CSFs) that favor the adoption of m-government services from a web analytics point of view. The results show that inspecting the web analytics data from multiple viewpoints and varying levels of detail, gives insights on the CSFs towards the adoption of m-government services. The findings suggest that perceived usefulness, user needs, and usability favor the adoption of one m-government service over the other. Moreover, factors like the loading time of the service, the number of requests, and bounce rate seem not to have an effect.
Are Professors Prepared to Teach?
Authors: Starks Zhān Mǔ Shì
Published: August 2021

Chinese universities hire thousands of Western professors and tutors each year. This is to encourage different outcomes for Chinese graduates in terms of entrepreneurship, leadership, and opportunity. However, students who receive instruction from American lecturers find a very different experience from other Western faculty. So, in 2020 a survey was developed to ascertain the perspectives and instructional processes western tutors brought to Chinese universities. This 3,000-professor survey would determine how much learning knowledge students graduated with prior to becoming a professor, how much development they sought once professors, and how much integration of current teaching and learning methodologies and theorists were brought to the classroom, including online classrooms. Results indicated that faculty who were trained in countries such as Australia, England, Germany, or Spain had more learning knowledge prior to teaching, as well as continuing to seek learning information once teaching classrooms, than their American counterparts.
Review on Reliable and Quality Wearable Healthcare Device (WHD)
Authors: Nimi W. S.  , Jose P. Subha Hency , Jegan R.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a brief review on present developments in wearable devices and their importance in healthcare networks. The state-of-the-art system architecture on wearable healthcare devices and their design techniques are reviewed and becomes an essential step towards developing a smart device for various biomedical applications which includes diseases classifications and detection, analyzing nature of the bio signals, vital parameters measurement, and e-health monitoring through noninvasive method. From the review on latest published research papers on medical wearable device and bio signal analysis, it can be concluded that it is more important and very essential to design and develop a smart wearable device in healthcare environment for quality signal acquisition and e-health monitoring which leads to effective measures of multiparameter extractions. This will help the medical practitioners to understand the nature of patient health condition easily by visualizing a quality signal by smart wearable devices.
Sustainable Farming Practices, Awareness, and Behavior in Small Farms in Brazil
Authors: Nunes Breno , Gholami Roya , Higón Dolores Añón
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between the use of digital and non-digital sources of information on sustainable farming practices, institutional pressure and adoption of such practices by farmers in Brazilian semi-arid lands. The research uses a model based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the institutional theory. Our results for a sample of 100 Brazilian farmers show that non-digital sources of information and ‘Coercive’ and ‘Normative’ pressures have a positive impact on farmers’ attitude towards and actual adoption of sustainable farming practices. However, digital sources of information such as TV and Radio do not play a significant role. In addition, pro-environmental attitude drives sustainable behaviour through the adoption of three out of the five sustainable farming practices investigated. Research and policy implications are also discussed.
GET CAUGHT IT OUT: The Awareness of Plagiarism among International Postgraduate Students while Studying Buddhist Studies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Attanayake Geethani
Published: August 2021

Plagiarism is believed as a behavioral problem of students in the field of academia and one of a centered question to both faculty and administration in universities and higher education institutions. Plagiarism directly influences the academic reputation of a higher education institution and equitable academic credit for their students. In recent years, several initiatives have been taken to control the reasons for involving academic dishonesty of students by the university authorities worldwide. Awareness of students in plagiarism is the foremost fact with regard to prevention. This study is conducted to determine the awareness about plagiarism of international students while they are studying in Sri Lanka. International students studying in the Post Graduate Institute of Pali & Buddhist Studies (PGIPBS), University of Kelaniya were selected as research pillars. PGIPBS is a leading institute for Buddhist Studies and a great number of international students are pursuing higher degrees annually and most of them are coming from Asian countries. The methodology adopted for the study is survey design and a self - administrated questionnaire was used to obtain data from Sixty-four (64) international students. Result shows that international research students are extremely immature regarding plagiarism and even thirty-five percent (35%) of them could not understand the meaning of the term „plagiarism‟. The result of the study indicates that plagiarism found in a thesis is responsible only for the student itself, but both supervisor of that particular thesis and student are responsible. All respondents agreed that they need to acquire comprehensive knowledge on plagiarism and they like to participate when the PGIPBS commence an awareness session for plagiarism. The present study is to be one of the first studies that examine the awareness of plagiarism of international students studying in Sri Lanka.
Cardiac Hydatid Disease
Authors: Palaparthi Venkata R. S. Subrahmanya Sarma Palaparthi , Srinivas D. , Raghuram P. , Gopalakrishna K. , Chowdary P. S. S. , Somasekhar G. , Purnachandrarao K. , Boochibabu M. , Sasidhar Y. , Prasad M.
Published: August 2021

Hydatid disease, is an infection caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. In humans it may result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe, even fatal disease. Echinococcal cysts are found in the liver in approximately 70 % of cases, and the lungs in approximately 25 % of cases. Cardiac hydatid disease is seen in 0.5–5% of total hydatid disease patients, the present case highlights the unusual presentation of Hydatid cyst in a different clinical scenario.
Acute Coronary Syndrome Following Honey Bee Sting
Authors: Rao Sachin T. , Basappa Harsha , Raveesh Hema , Hegde Srinidhi , Manjunath C. N.
Published: August 2021

Kounis syndrome (KS) refers to acute coronary syndrome secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction as a result of exposure to various allergens. Multiple bee stings as a cause of KS is rarely reported in the literature. Its diagnosis in allergic reactions is of utmost importance, as it leads to an entirely different line of management. We report a series of six cases who presented with the diagnosis of KS due to multiple bee stings.
Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Gall Bladder Lesions
Authors: Rout Niranjan , Hota Subhransu Kumar , Dash Sashibhusan , Samantaray Sagarika , Mallik Rabi Narayan , Agrawal Omprakash
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy, representing 80–95% of biliary tract cancers. Although ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC) has emerged as an effective diagnostic the tool for the precise diagnosis of gallbladder lesions, data on its diagnostic utility and cytomorphological categorization of gallbladder lesions are lacking.

Aims:

To study the diagnostic utility of USG-FNAC in gallbladder lesions.

Materials and Methods:

This study was the conducted prospectively on patients who came with clinical and radiological evidence of gallbladder space-occupying lesion and then advised to USG-FNAC over 2 years and 6 months from January 2018 to June 2020.

Results:

A total of 314 cases were included. The mean age was 56 years, with a range of 17–88 years. Women predominated over men (Male:Female = 1:2.3). Primary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was most common. On cyto-histological correlation, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of USG-FNAC of gallbladder lesions were found to be 98.82, 87.23, and 96.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The USG-FNAC of gallbladder lesion was found to be an easy, quick, cost-effective, and presumptive diagnostic procedure. It should be opted as an initial preoperative diagnostic modality in high incidence areas to avoid inappropriate management with unnecessary morbidity and cost. Moreover, a close cytological examination of the architectural pattern and the cytomorphological features would help in the sub-typing and prognosticating the tumor.
COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination and abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake in the axilla visualized on 68Ga-DOTATATE positron-emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Weissman Joshua , Bartel Twyla
Published: August 2021

As COVID-19 vaccination rates continue to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to understand diagnostic imaging associations' resultant from the vaccines. Here, we report a case of a 59-year-old female who was in remission for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma and presented for standard follow-up imaging evaluation. Positron-emission tomography (PET) images from a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET (NETSPOT) demonstrated moderate focal radiotracer uptake in the right axilla. Interestingly, this uptake localized to several normal-sized lymph nodes on the corresponding computed tomography (CT). A medical history revealed the patient received both doses of an ipsilateral COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine injection at 17 and 38 days before the PET/CT study. Subsequent scans 2 months later revealed no radiotracer uptake.
A Review of Topical Povidone-Iodine to Decrease Viral Load of COVID-19
Authors: Benson Katherine M. , Mancini Amalia A. , Brodeur Michael R.
Published: August 2021

Topical povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is currently being considered as a potential preventive measure against the spread of COVID-19. Diluted PVP-I solutions have been historically used in Asia to treat upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) by decreasing the bacterial and viral load
on oropharyngeal mucosa to decrease the transmission of diseases. Efficacy of gargling 0.23% PVP-I mouthwash in Japan demonstrated to be efficacious in lowering the prevalence of URTIs when compared with placebo. The 0.23% concentration was used in vitro on severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which produced undetectable traces after 30 seconds of exposure. Additionally, a recent study in 2020 proved the efficacy of PVP-I 0.45%10% in reducing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV 2) viral load in vitro. Numerous clinical
trials are being conducted to determine if there is a decrease in viral load, and thus transmission, when using oral or nasal topical PVP-I in COVID-19 patients. Because of the current lack of evidence for the use of PVP-I in vivo with COVID-19, it is recommended to await the clinical
trial results before initiating this practice.
The extent of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (AirGOs Operative)
Authors: Lilja M.J. , Virkkula P. , Hammaren-Malmi S. , Laulajainen-Hongisto A. , Hafren L. , Kauppi P. , Sahlman J. , Fokkens W.J. , Reitsma S. , Toppila-Salmi S.K.
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses characterized by intense inflammation, decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and in severe cases high frequency of co-morbidities and recurrence despite treatment. Conservative treatment consists of nasal lavage, intranasal corticosteroids, and courses of oral corticosteroids, and antibiotics in exacerbations. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and/or biological therapy is considered if appropriate conservative treatment is not sufficient. The optimal extent of ESS in recalcitrant CRSwNP is not known. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of limited ESS with partial ethmoidectomy with extended ESS with total ethmoidectomy in patients with severe CRSwNP. Methods: AirGOs Operative is a randomized controlled trial. It is an investigator-driven multicenter trial led by Helsinki University Hospital. The two surgery arms are compared. The primary outcome is the change in the SNOT-22 score at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include the change in the SNOT-22 score at 24-months follow-up, the changes in polyp score, Lund-Mackay (LM) CT score, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), loss of productivity, nasal patency (peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) ± acoustic rhinometry (ARM), olfaction test (Sniffin’ Sticks, identification), lung function (spirometry and PEF) and findings in pathological analysis at 12/24-months follow-up. Discussion: AirGOs Operative trial will lead to a better understanding of the optimal extent of ethmoidectomy in the treatment of recalcitrant severe CRSwNP.
Ultrasound and Risk Survey Evidence for Cystic Echinococcosis in La Rioja Province, Argentina
Authors: Villa Micó Héctor Danoy , Ranalli R. Salomé , Hoffmann Lara Estefanía , Bazán Hugo Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution with endemic areas in Argentina. The present epidemiological study was conducted to explore the presence of cystic echinococcosis in the rural community of Los Bordos (population 99), in the northern province of La Rioja, Argentina, during March 2018. The study included the search for cysts by abdominal ultrasound and a survey on family risk. Sixty-seven people agreed to undergo ultrasound examination, and five adults showed images compatible with hydatic cysts (7.5% prevalence). A family survey was applied to 29 households (78%), stratifying 24 families (83%) as high risk (95% confidence interval = 64.2–94.1) and 5 (17%) as low risk (95% confidence interval = 5.8–55.7) of transmission of the disease, respectively. The values were statistically different by the McNemar test. The goal of the present study, the first study of its kind in La Rioja, was to assess the family risk of echinococcosis among subjects with ultrasound images compatible with cystic echinococcosis.
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Tuberculosis Suspects
Authors: Suresh Parasmal , Kumar Anil , Biswas Raja , Vijayakumar Divya , Thulasidharan Swathy , Anjaneyan Gopikrishnan , Kunoor Akhilesh , Biswas Lalitha
Published: August 2021

Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that cause a wide range of illnesses. Here, the species distribution and prevalence of NTM infections in tuberculosis suspects was analyzed. A total of 7,073 specimens from pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites were analyzed, and 709 (10%) were found to be culture positive for mycobacteria. Of these, 85.2% were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 14.8% as NTM (65.7% rapid growers and 34.3% slow growers). Speciation of the NTM isolates (n = 69) identified 19 NTM species. M. abscessus (33.3%) and M. fortuitum (24.6%) were the most dominant NTM species isolated from the patients, followed by M. porcinum (5.8%) and M. parascrofulaceum (4.3%). We also report peritonitis caused by rapidly growing NTM among the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and a case of M. senegalense peritonitis. A low prevalence but high species diversity of NTM was detected in our study. The high species diversity of NTM necessitates the need to unequivocally identify mycobacterial isolates for appropriate treatment.
FİNANSAL DERİNLEŞME VE FİNANSAL DERİNLEŞMENİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Salih ÖZTÜRK  , Gözde TUĞAN
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma ilk olarak finansal derinleşmenin kavramsal çerçevesini sunmaktadır. Finansal derinleşme olgusal bir süreç olduğu için finansal serbestleşme, finansal küreselleşme ve finansal yenilik gibi üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Her bir aşama hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, finansal derinleşmenin ölçümünde kullanılacak göstergelere açıklık kazandırılmıştır.

Literatürde özellikle 1990 yılları sonrasında konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların odağında finansal derinleşme ve büyüme arasındaki pozitif yönlü ilişki vardır. Birçok çalışma finansal derinleşmenin ekonomik büyümenin nedeni olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu ilişkinin Türkiye açısından durumunu değerlendirmek için 1986-2010 yılları arasında Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve finansal derinleşme ilişkisine yer verilmiştir. E-views paket programı kullanılarak nedensellik analizi yapılmıştır.
OVCHULARTEPE SETTLEMENT AS A MAGNIFICENT MONUMENT OF ENEOLITHIC PERIOD AND EARLY BRONZE AGE
Authors: Emin MAMMADOV
Published: August 2021

Studying the Eneolithic Period and Early Bronze Age has always been one of the major problems of the Caucasus archeology. Ovchulartepe settlement is one of the monuments representing the both aforementioned periods in a wide range. Plenteous tangible cultural patterns were discovered in the settlement as a result of systematic archaeological investigations conducted during 2007-2013. Investigations conducted by both local and foreign researchers studied the remains of Ovchulartepe, ceramic products, fauna and flora, metal items, labor tools and so on. As a result of research work, it become known that people had started to settle in Ovchulartepe from  the middle of the  5th millennium BC, and there is a notable opportunity to study their economic and cultural relations with the countries of the Near East.
INFLUENCE OF THE PERSONAL SUBJECTIVITY ON FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE LEADERSHIP
Authors: Berkimbayev Kamalbek  , Sultanmurat Moldir  , Yersultanova Gaukhar  , Kastaev Serik
Published: August 2021

The reflection of leadership in formation of personal physical, psychic, intellectual, professional development, intelligence, senses, volition at the «psychology»level was considered in this article. The definitions as leader and leadership, person was widely explained, the importance of person role in formation of communicative leader was described. Also various methods of teaching communication in the methodical book to determine the role and the place in formation as a subject of teaching activity.
ГЛОБАЛЬЛӘШҮ ШАРТЛАРЫНДА ХӘЗЕРГЕ ТӨРКИ ТЕЛЛӘР: САКЛАУ ҺӘМ ҮСТЕРҮ МӘСЬӘЛӘЛӘРЕНӘ КАРАТА
Authors: Г.Ә.Нәбиуллина
Published: August 2021

Хәзерге вакытта дөньяда рәсми рәвештә теркәлгән егерме алты төрки милләт исәпләнә. Бүгенге көндә төрки телләрдә сөйләшүче халык саны 300 млн. тирәсе дип күрсәтелә. Зур күпчелекне татар, башкорт, төрек, әзербайҗан, чуваш, үзбәк, төрек, карчай-балкар һ.б. халыклар тәшкил итә. Бүгенге сөйләм телебез, әдәби телебез мөстәкыйль булса да, кардәш телләр арасында аермалар шактый.
ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ЙӨРӘК» («СЕРДЦЕ») В ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-ЧУВСТВЕННОЙ СФЕРЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Р.Р. Данилова  , Р.А. Мингазова
Published: August 2021

Статья выполняется в русле лингвокультурологии, в рамках которой  язык, культура и человек исследуются в триединстве. Многогранное соотношение культуры и языка считается одной из ключевых в современной лингвистике, кроме того,  среди языковедов не вызывает сомнения утверждение, что язык является неотъемлемой частью культуры народа. В данном исследовании предпринята попытка исследовать аспект семантики концепта «йөрәк» («сердце») в татарской и русской языковых картинах мира, в частности его представление в эмоциональной сфере человека.
СИБГАТ ХӘКИМНЕҢ ШИГЫРЬ ҺӘМ ПОЭМАЛАРЫНДА СУГЫШ ТЕМАСЫ
Authors: Ләйсән Рәдиф кызы  Надыршина
Published: August 2021

Мәкаләдә татар халык шагыйре, Г.Тукай исемендәге Дәүләт бүләге иясе Сибгат Хәкимнең шигырь һәм поэмаларында сугыш темасының яктыртылышы анализлана. Шагыйрьнең сугыш темасына язылган әсәрләре, иң беренче чиратта, шәхси хатирәләр, кичерешләргә нигезләнә, чөнки С.Хәким – сугышта катнашкан шәхес. Аның фронт шигъриятендә туган якны сагыну, аерылу, киләчәккә бәйле өмет мотивлары төп урын алып тора. Бу мотивлар гади солдат кичерешләрен, психологик халәтен, күңел дөньясын ачып бирүгә буйсындырыла. Сугыш темасы шагыйрьнең 1950 еллардан соң иҗат ителгән шигырь һәм поэмаларында да зур урын алып тора. Бу әсәрләрдә яшьлеген сагынган лирик герой беренче планга куела, хәтер мотивы әйдәп баручылардан була. Сугыш темасына С.Хәким поэма жанрында иҗат ителгән әсәрләрендә дә иркен мөрәҗәгать итә. “Бакчачылар”, “Дуга” кебек поэмаларында сугыш фаҗигасе аерым шәхесләр язмышын сурәтләү аша ачып бирелә.
TÜRKİYE VE AFGANİSTAN’IN İŞSİZLİK SORUNU ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Aminullah Rahmani
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada öncellikle işsizliğin tanımı ve Türkiye, Afganistan ekonomisi üzerinde etkili faktörlerden bahsedilmiştir. Bilindiği üzere işsizlik bir ülkenin kalkınmasının önündeki en büyük engel olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle Türkiye ve Afganistan`ın işsizlik oranlarını ve etkileyen faktörlerini kısaca aktarılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda Türkiye ekonomisi için 2000-2016 dönemleri arasında işsizlik ile büyüme oranları arasındaki ilişki Dünya bankası verileri kullanılarak grafik üzerinde çalışmada gösterilmektedir. Afganistan`da işsizliğin temel sebepleri ise günümüzde belirli nedenlere dayanmaktadır. Sovyetlerin işgalinden başlamak suretiyle Taliban rejiminin ortaya çıkması, Afganistan halkının komşu ülkelere mülteci olmaları ve halada devam eden Taliban ve benzeri terör örgütlerin faaliyet göstermeleri sonuncunda devletin kalıcı istikrarlı politikasının olmayışı işsizliği artıran sebepler olarak açıklanmıştır.
Творчество чингиза айтматова в контексте татарско- кыргызских литературных связей (проблемы перевода)
Authors: Нурида Шайдулловна Насибуллина
Published: August 2021

Данная статья посвящена анализу переводов произведений Ч. Айтматова на татарский язык. Представлен краткий обзор переводов произведений писателя с 1961 по 2018 годы, осуществленными такими татарскими переводчиками, как М. Усманов, А. Еники, Я. Халитов, Х. Сарьян, Л. Ихсанова, Р. Шириязданов, М. Харисов, М. Валиев и мн. др. Изучение проблем перевода произведений мирового писателя на иностранные языки, в том числе на татарский, до сих пор исследуется и представляет большой интерес в теории перевода и литературе.
ТУКАевларНЫҢ ДИНИ ҺӘМ МӘГЪРИФӘТЧЕЛЕК ЭШЧӘНЛЕГЕ (БАШКОРТСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ СТӘРЛЕБАШ РАЙОНЫНЫҢ СТӘРЛЕБАШ АВЫЛЫ МӘДРӘСӘСЕ ТАРИХЫННАН)
Authors: Насибуллина Нуридә Шәйдулла кызы
Published: August 2021

Целью данной работы является анализ культурно-просветительской, образовательной деятельности медресе и трудов преподавателей конфессионального учебного заведения села Стерлибашево. Особое внимание уделяется анализу благотворительного, педагогического наследия династии Тукаевых (Нигматуллиных) и осознанию исторической роли медресе в общественно-духовном развитии татарского, башкирского, киргизского и казахского общества.
Combinatorial optimization in networks with Shared Risk Link Groups
Authors: Coudert David , Pérennes Stéphane , Rivano Hervé , Voge Marie-Emilie
Published: August 2021

The notion of Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG) captures survivability issues when a set of links of a network may fail simultaneously. The theory of survivable network design relies on basic combinatorial objects that are rather easy to compute in the classical graph models: shortest paths, minimum cuts, or pairs of disjoint paths. In the SRLG context, the optimization criterion for these objects is no longer the number of edges they use, but the number of SRLGs involved. Unfortunately, computing these combinatorial objects is NP-hard and hard to approximate with this objective in general. Nevertheless some objects can be computed in polynomial time when the SRLGs satisfy certain structural properties of locality which correspond to practical ones, namely the star property (all links affected by a given SRLG are incident to a unique node) and the span 1 property (the links affected by a given SRLG form a connected component of the network). The star property is defined in a multi-colored model where a link can be affected by several SRLGs while the span property is defined only in a mono-colored model where a link can be affected by at most one SRLG. In this paper, we extend these notions to characterize new cases in which these optimization problems can be solved in polynomial time. We also investigate the computational impact of the transformation from the multi-colored model to the mono-colored one. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed algorithms and principles.
Partitioning the vertex set of a bipartite graph into complete bipartite subgraphs
Authors: Duginov Oleg
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory

Given a graph and a positive integer k, the biclique vertex-partition problem asks whether the vertex set of the graph can be partitioned into at most k bicliques (connected complete bipartite subgraphs). It is known that this problem is NP-complete for bipartite graphs. In this paper we investigate the computational complexity of this problem in special subclasses of bipartite graphs. We prove that the biclique vertex-partition problem is polynomially solvable for bipartite permutation graphs, bipartite distance-hereditary graphs and remains NP-complete for perfect elimination bipartite graphs and bipartite graphs containing no 4-cycles as induced subgraphs.
A conjecture on the number of Hamiltonian cycles on thin grid cylinder graphs
Authors: Bodroža-Pantić Olga , Kwong Harris , Pantić Milan
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory

We study the enumeration of Hamiltonian cycles on the thin grid cylinder graph $C_m \times P_{n+1}$. We distinguish two types of Hamiltonian cycles, and denote their numbers $h_m^A(n)$ and $h_m^B(n)$. For fixed $m$, both of them satisfy linear homogeneous recurrence relations with constant coefficients, and we derive their generating functions and other related results for $m\leq10$. The computational data we gathered suggests that $h^A_m(n)\sim h^B_m(n)$ when $m$ is even.
An approximability-related parameter on graphs―-properties and applications
Authors: Engström Robert , Färnqvist Tommy , Jonsson Peter , Thapper Johan
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory

We introduce a binary parameter on optimisation problems called separation. The parameter is used to relate the approximation ratios of different optimisation problems; in other words, we can convert approximability (and non-approximability) result for one problem into (non)-approximability results for other problems. Our main application is the problem (weighted) maximum H-colourable subgraph (Max H-Col), which is a restriction of the general maximum constraint satisfaction problem (Max CSP) to a single, binary, and symmetric relation. Using known approximation ratios for Max k-cut, we obtain general asymptotic approximability results for Max H-Col for an arbitrary graph H. For several classes of graphs, we provide near-optimal results under the unique games conjecture. We also investigate separation as a graph parameter. In this vein, we study its properties on circular complete graphs. Furthermore, we establish a close connection to work by Šámal on cubical colourings of graphs. This connection shows that our parameter is closely related to a special type of chromatic number. We believe that this insight may turn out to be crucial for understanding the behaviour of the parameter, and in the longer term, for understanding the approximability of optimisation problems such as Max H-Col.
Edge-partitioning graphs into regular and locally irregular components
Authors: Bensmail Julien , Stevens Brett
Published: August 2021

A graph is locally irregular if every two adjacent vertices have distinct degrees. Recently, Baudon et al. introduced the notion of decomposition into locally irregular subgraphs. They conjectured that for almost every graph $G$, there exists a minimum integer $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ such that $G$ admits an edge-partition into $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ classes, each of which induces a locally irregular graph. In particular, they conjectured that $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G) \leq 3$ for every $G$, unless $G$ belongs to a well-characterized family of non-decomposable graphs. This conjecture is far from being settled, as notably (1) no constant upper bound on$\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ is known for $G$ bipartite, and (2) no satisfactory general upper bound on $\chi^{\prime}_{\mathrm{irr}}(G)$ is known. We herein investigate the consequences on this question of allowing a decomposition to include regular components as well. As a main result, we prove that every bipartite graph admits such a decomposition into at most $6$ subgraphs. This result implies that every graph $G$ admits a decomposition into at most $6(\lfloor \mathrm{log} \chi (G) \rfloor +1)$ subgraphs whose components are regular or locally irregular.
Gardens of Eden and Fixed Points in Sequential Dynamical Systems
Authors: Barrett Christopher , Hunt Marry , Marathe Madhav , Ravi S. , Rosenkrantz Daniel , Stearns Richard , Tosic Predrag
Published: August 2021

A class of finite discrete dynamical systems, called Sequential Dynamical Systems (SDSs), was proposed in [BMR99,BR99] as an abstract model of computer simulations. Here, we address some questions concerning two special types of the SDS configurations, namely Garden of Eden and Fixed Point configurations. A configuration $C$ of an SDS is a Garden of Eden (GE) configuration if it cannot be reached from any configuration. A necessary and sufficient condition for the non-existence of GE configurations in SDSs whose state values are from a finite domain was provided in [MR00]. We show this condition is sufficient but not necessary for SDSs whose state values are drawn from an infinite domain. We also present results that relate the existence of GE configurations to other properties of an SDS. A configuration $C$ of an SDS is a fixed point if the transition out of $C$ is to $C$ itself. The FIXED POINT EXISTENCE (or FPE) problem is to determine whether a given SDS has a fixed point. We show thatthe FPE problem is NP-complete even for some simple classes of SDSs (e.g., SDSs in which each local transition function is from the set{NAND, XNOR}). We also identify several classes of SDSs (e.g., SDSs with linear or monotone local transition functions) for which the FPE problem can be solved efficiently.
Cellular Automata for Simulating Molecular Self-Assembly
Authors: Nilsson Martin , Rasmussen Steen
Published: August 2021

We present a lattice gas technique for simulating molecular self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers in aqueous environments. Water molecules, hydrocarbons tail-groups and amphiphilic head-groups are explicitly represented on a three dimensional discrete lattice. Molecules move on the lattice proportional to their continuous momentum. Collision rules preserve momentum and kinetic energy. Potential energy from molecular interactions are also included explicitly. Non-trivial thermodynamics of large scale and long time dynamics are studied. In this paper we specifically demonstrate how, from a random initial distribution, micelles are formed, and grow until they destabilize and divide. Eventually a steady state of growing and dividing micelles is formed.
The probability of planarity of a random graph near the critical point
Authors: Noy Marc , Ravelomanana Vlady , Rué Juanjo
Published: August 2021

Erdős and Rényi conjectured in 1960 that the limiting probability $p$ that a random graph with $n$ vertices and $M=n/2$ edges is planar exists. It has been shown that indeed p exists and is a constant strictly between 0 and 1. In this paper we answer completely this long standing question by finding an exact expression for this probability, whose approximate value turns out to be $p ≈0.99780$. More generally, we compute the probability of planarity at the critical window of width $n^{2/3}$ around the critical point $M=n/2$. We extend these results to some classes of graphs closed under taking minors. As an example, we show that the probability of being series-parallel converges to 0.98003. Our proofs rely on exploiting the structure of random graphs in the critical window, obtained previously by Janson, Łuczak and Wierman, by means of generating functions and analytic methods. This is a striking example of how analytic combinatorics can be applied to classical problems on random graphs.
Poset topology and homological invariants of algebras arising in algebraic combinatorics
Authors: Margolis Stuart , Saliola Franco , Steinberg Benjamin
Published: August 2021

We present a beautiful interplay between combinatorial topology and homological algebra for a class of monoids that arise naturally in algebraic combinatorics. We explore several applications of this interplay. For instance, we provide a new interpretation of the Leray number of a clique complex in terms of non-commutative algebra.
Interval positroid varieties and a deformation of the ring of symmetric functions
Authors: Knutson Allen , Lederer Mathias
Published: August 2021

Define the interval rank $r_[i,j] : Gr_k(\mathbb C^n) →\mathbb{N}$ of a k-plane V as the dimension of the orthogonal projection $π _[i,j](V)$ of V to the $(j-i+1)$-dimensional subspace that uses the coordinates $i,i+1,\ldots,j$. By measuring all these ranks, we define the interval rank stratification of the Grassmannian $Gr_k(\mathbb C^n)$. It is finer than the Schubert and Richardson stratifications, and coarser than the positroid stratification studied by Lusztig, Postnikov, and others, so we call the closures of these strata interval positroid varieties. We connect Vakil's "geometric Littlewood-Richardson rule", in which he computed the homology classes of Richardson varieties (Schubert varieties intersected with opposite Schubert varieties), to Erdős-Ko-Rado shifting, and show that all of Vakil's varieties are interval positroid varieties. We build on his work in three ways: (1) we extend it to arbitrary interval positroid varieties, (2) we use it to compute in equivariant K-theory, not just homology, and (3) we simplify Vakil's (2+1)-dimensional "checker games" to 2-dimensional diagrams we call "IP pipe dreams". The ring Symm of symmetric functions and its basis of Schur functions is well-known to be very closely related to the ring $\bigoplus_a,b H_*(Gr_a(\mathbb{C}^{(a+b)})$ and its basis of Schubert classes. We extend the latter ring to equivariant K-theory (with respect to a circle action on each $\mathbb{C}^{(a+b)}$, and compute the structure constants of this two-parameter deformation of Symm using the interval positroid technology above.
On Schubert calculus in elliptic cohomology
Authors: Lenart Cristian , Zainoulline Kirill
Published: August 2021

An important combinatorial result in equivariant cohomology and $K$-theory Schubert calculus is represented by the formulas of Billey and Graham-Willems for the localization of Schubert classes at torus fixed points. These formulas work uniformly in all Lie types, and are based on the concept of a root polynomial. We define formal root polynomials associated with an arbitrary formal group law (and thus a generalized cohomology theory). We usethese polynomials to simplify the approach of Billey and Graham-Willems, as well as to generalize it to connective $K$-theory and elliptic cohomology. Another result is concerned with defining a Schubert basis in elliptic cohomology (i.e., classes independent of a reduced word), using the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis of the corresponding Hecke algebra.

Un résultat combinatoire important dans le calcul de Schubert pour la cohomologie et la $K$-théorie équivariante est représenté par les formules de Billey et Graham-Willems pour la localisation des classes de Schubert aux points fixes du tore. Ces formules sont uniformes pour tous les types de Lie, et sont basés sur le concept d’un polynôme de racines. Nous définissons les polynômes formels de racines associées à une loi arbitraire de groupe formel (et donc à une théorie de cohomologie généralisée). Nous utilisons ces polynômes pour simplifier les preuves de Billey et Graham-Willems, et aussi pour généraliser leurs résultats à la $K$-théorie connective et la cohomologie elliptique. Un autre résultat concerne la définition d’une base de Schubert dans cohomologie elliptique (c’est à dire, des classes indépendantes d’un mot réduit), en utilisant la base de Kazhdan-Lusztig de l’algèbre de Hecke correspondant.
P_4-Colorings and P_4-Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Hoàng Chinh T. , Le Van Bang
Published: August 2021

A vertex partition of a graph into disjoint subsets V_is is said to be a P_4-free coloring if each color class V_i induces a subgraph without chordless path on four vertices (denoted by P_4). Examples of P_4-free 2-colorable graphs (also called P_4-bipartite graphs) include parity graphs and graphs with ''few'' P_4s like P_4-reducible and P_4-sparse graphs. We prove that, given k≥ 2, \emphP_4-Free k-Colorability is NP-complete even for comparability graphs, and for P_5-free graphs. We then discuss the recognition, perfection and the Strong Perfect Graph Conjecture (SPGC) for P_4-bipartite graphs with special P_4-structure. In particular, we show that the SPGC is true for P_4-bipartite graphs with one P_3-free color class meeting every P_4 at a midpoint.
Words and polynomial invariants of finite groups in non-commutative variables
Authors: Bergeron-Brlek Anouk , Hohlweg Christophe , Zabrocki Mike
Published: August 2021

Let $V$ be a complex vector space with basis $\{x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n\}$ and $G$ be a finite subgroup of $GL(V)$. The tensor algebra $T(V)$ over the complex is isomorphic to the polynomials in the non-commutative variables $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$ with complex coefficients. We want to give a combinatorial interpretation for the decomposition of $T(V)$ into simple $G$-modules. In particular, we want to study the graded space of invariants in $T(V)$ with respect to the action of $G$. We give a general method for decomposing the space $T(V)$ into simple $G$-module in terms of words in a particular Cayley graph of $G$. To apply the method to a particular group, we require a surjective homomorphism from a subalgebra of the group algebra into the character algebra. In the case of the symmetric group, we give an example of this homomorphism from the descent algebra. When $G$ is the dihedral group, we have a realization of the character algebra as a subalgebra of the group algebra. In those two cases, we have an interpretation for the graded dimensions of the invariant space in term of those words.

Soit V un espace vectoriel complexe de base $\{x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n\}$ et $G$ un sous-groupe fini de $GL(V)$. L'algèbre $T(V)$ des tenseurs de $V$ sur les complexes est isomorphe aux polynômes à coefficients complexes en variables non-commutatives $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$. Nous voulons donner une décomposition de $T(V)$ en $G$-modules simples de manière combinatoire. Plus particulièrement, nous étudions l'espace gradué des invariants de $T(V)$ sous l'action de $G$. Nous présentons une méthode générale donnant la décomposition de $T(V)$ en modules simples via certains mots dans un graphe de Cayley donné. Pour appliquer la méthode à un groupe particulier, nous avons besoin d'un homomorphisme surjectif entre une sous-algèbre de l'algèbre de groupe et l'algèbre des caractères. Pour le cas du groupe symétrique, nous donnons un exemple de cet homomorphisme qui provient de la théorie de l'algèbre des descentes. Pour le groupe diédral, nous avons une réalisation de l'algèbre des caractères comme une sous-algèbre de l'algèbre de groupe. Dans ces deux cas, nous avons une interprétation des dimensions graduées de l'espace des invariants en terme de ces mots.
Unital versions of the higher order peak algebras
Authors: Aguiar Marcelo , Novelli Jean-Christophe , Thibon Jean-Yves
Published: August 2021

We construct unital extensions of the higher order peak algebras defined by Krob and the third author in [Ann. Comb. 9 (2005), 411―430], and show that they can be obtained as homomorphic images of certain subalgebras of the Mantaci-Reutenauer algebras of type $B$. This generalizes a result of Bergeron, Nyman and the first author [Trans. AMS 356 (2004), 2781―2824].

Nous construisons des extensions unitaires des algèbres de pics d'ordre supérieur définies par Krob et le troisième auteur dans [Ann. Comb. 9 (2005), 411―430], et nous montrons qu'elles peuvent être obtenues comme images homomorphes de certaines sous-algèbres des algèbres de Mantaci-Reutenauer de type $B$. Ceci généralise un résultat dû à Bergeron, Nyman et au premier auteur [Trans. AMS 356 (2004), 2781―2824].
The distribution of the number of small cuts in a random planar triangulation
Authors: Gao Zhicheng , Schaeffer Gilles
Published: August 2021

We enumerate rooted 3-connected (2-connected) planar triangulations with respect to the vertices and 3-cuts (2-cuts). Consequently, we show that the distribution of the number of 3-cuts in a random rooted 3-connected planar triangulation with $n+3$ vertices is asymptotically normal with mean $(10/27)n$ and variance $(320/729)n$, and the distribution of the number of 2-cuts in a random 2-connected planar triangulation with $n+2$ vertices is asymptotically normal with mean $(8/27)n$ and variance $(152/729)n$. We also show that the distribution of the number of 3-connected components in a random 2-connected triangulation with $n+2$ vertices is asymptotically normal with mean $n/3$ and variance $\frac{8}{ 27}n$ .
On extensions of the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme to arbitrary orders
Authors: Labelle Gilbert
Published: August 2021

The classical quadratically convergent Newton-Raphson iterative scheme for successive approximations of a root of an equation $f(t)=0$ has been extended in various ways by different authors, going from cubical convergence to convergence of arbitrary orders. We introduce two such extensions, using appropriate differential operators as well as combinatorial arguments. We conclude with some applications including special series expansions for functions of the root and enumeration of classes of tree-like structures according to their number of leaves.

Le schéma itératif classique à convergence quadratique de Newton-Raphson pour engendrer des approximations successives d'une racine d'une équation $f(t)=0$ a été étendu de plusieurs façons par divers auteurs, allant de la convergence cubique à des convergences d'ordres arbitraires. Nous introduisons deux telles extensions en utilisant des opérateurs différentiels appropriés ainsi que des arguments combinatoires. Nous terminons avec quelques applications incluant des développements en séries exprimant des fonctions de la racine et l'énumération de classes de structures arborescentes selon leur nombre de feuilles.