bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artículo docente: Abordajes conceptuales del territorio en perspectiva Latinoamericana
Authors: Samper Kutschbach Mario
Published: October 2021

Estudio exploratorio e interpretativo de ciertos aspectos medulares del abordaje conceptual de los territorios en general, y en particular los territorios rurales o rural-urbanos, que se construyen y transforman a través de las interacciones de grupos asentados en determinados lugares entre sí, y con un medio natural progresivamente artificializado por la acción humana. Metodológicamente, se basa en discusiones comparadas anteriores de contribuciones sobre cuestiones relacionadas con el desarrollo territorial iberoamericano, con atención particular a Brasil, Colombia y América Central. Las conclusiones y propuestas conceptuales se apoyan en lecciones aprendidas sobre el concepto de territorio a partir de dichas experiencias, previamente documentadas o sistematizadas y contrastadas entre sí. Para identificar aprendizajes relevantes, el autor interactuó durante varios años con personas conocedoras de esas y otras experiencias latinoamericanas durante procesos internacionales, nacionales o territoriales de formación y gestión de conocimiento asociados a la Estrategia Centroamericana en Desarrollo Rural Territorial 2010-2030 (Ecadert), así como en foros virtuales y módulos de interaprendizaje latinoamericanos asociados al Sistema de Gestión Estratégica para el Desarrollo Territorial y la Agricultura Familiar -SiGET, y durante la preparación de un conjunto de publicaciones y recursos de gestión del conocimiento.
Teoría y práctica del desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Morazán Pedro
Published: October 2021

El concepto “desarrollo” surge recién en la época de la postguerra y estuvo estrechamente vinculado a la teoría de la modernización. El marco histórico lo constituye el surgimiento de los estados nacionales como consecuencia de lasluchas anticoloniales especialmente en África, Asia y el Caribe latinoamericano. Especial mención merece la obra de Walt Rostow, economista norteaméricano que en su momento era asesor económico del Presidente John-son. Sus ideas sobre el libre comercio y la modernización fueron muy difundidas en los años 60. El modelo de etapas de crecimiento económico de Walt Whitman Rostow describe cómo las sociedades se convierten en economías modernas e industriales a lo largo de cinco etapas distintas: 1. Sociedad tradicional; 2. Sociedad transicional; 3. Despegue; 4. Camino a la madurez tecnológica y 5. Alto consumo masivo. La etapa de “despegue”, que es el tercer paso, describe el momento en que las sociedades avanzan hacia la plena industrialización de ciertas maneras específicas, como las innovaciones tecnológicas, la urbanización, la producción de bienes secundarios como los textiles y el intenso crecimiento en sectores específicos. Se trata en suma de un modelo dualista (tradición – modernidad) que se carac-teriza por una visión reduccionista y de hecho ahistórica del proceso de desarrollo.
What Are Karelians Made of, RuNet?
Authors: Oivo Teemu
Published: October 2021

The social construction of the concepts of Karelian people, culture, and land develops in temporal flux. In the 2010s, the expansion of internet usage empowered previously unheard voices engaging these concepts in Russia. In this article, Russian-language internet discussions are used to find out how the state of Karelianness was negotiated in Russian-language internet (RuNet) discussions in the 2010s. My research distinguishes how manifestations of (sub)national identifications were dialectically approved and disapproved in accordance with nationalism discourses that I codify as civic, regionalist, and ethnic. The discussions show how the territory of the Republic of Karelia defines the boundaries within which manifestations of Karelianness are considered. Moreover, they depict the critique and rejection of issues such as Karelian culture, language, and descent due to their perceived juxtaposition against Russianness.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED ARYL OXADIAZOLE AND MERCAPTO OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR ANTIFUNGAL, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Loni, Pravaranagar – 413736, Maharashtra., Pattan S. R. , Pattan J. S. , Musmade D. S. , Vetal S. S. , Pansare K. D. , Baheti D. G. , Godge R. K
Published: October 2021

A number of substituted aryloxadiazoles and mercaptooxadiazoles are known for their biological importance like anti-bacterial, antifungal, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation is carried out for the synthesis of certain substituted aryloxadiazole and mercaptooxadiazoles and evaluation of their biological activity. The title compounds have been synthesized by reacting isoniazid with substituted aryl aldehydes to give Schiffs bases which on treatment with aromatic acids in presence of phosphorus oxychloride gives aryl oxadiazoles. Mercaptooxadiazoles were synthesized using isoniazid and carbon disulphide. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and CHN analysis. Selected compounds are screened for antimicrobial and antitubercular activity in vitro. Few of them exhibited promising activity.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CEFIXIME AND CLOXACILLIN IN BULK AND TABLET FORMULATION BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   RMES’s College of Pharmacy, Old Jewargi Road, Balaji Nagar, Gulbarga–585102, Karnataka., Malipatil S. M , Sonawane L. V. , Hariprasanna R. C
Published: October 2021

A simple, economic, selective, precise and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the analysis of cefixime and cloxacillin in both bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations was developed and validated in the present study. This method has shown good resolution for cefixime, cloxacillin and formulation excipients of tablets. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (25 mM):methanol: acetonitrile (40: 45: 15 v/v/v), pH 4.6 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid. HPLC analysis of cefixime and cloxacillin was carried out at a wavelength of 225 nm with flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy (recovery), selectivity and robustness. The method is simple, convenient and suitable for the analysis of cefixime and cloxacillin in bulk and its formulation.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR AMISULPRIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore -570 015, Karnataka. INDIA., Manoja K. M. L , Gurupadayya B. M. , Srujana S , Raaga L. V. , Chandan R. S.
Published: October 2021

A simple, sensitive, rapid, robust and reproducible method for the determination of amisulpride using paracetamol as internal standard (IS) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation was developed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. The analysis was performed on C18 (250 4.6 mm, 5 mcm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), acetonitrile in the ratio of 67:33 (V/V) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The analyte was monitored with UV detector at 263 nm. In the developed method amisulpride elutes at retention time of 4.4 min and paracetamol (IS) at 3.3 min. The proposed method is having linearity in the concentration range from 10-100 mcg/mL of amisulpride. The method was validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery),ruggedness, robustness, stability, forced degradation studies (specificity). The proposed method can be readily utilized for bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations of amisulpride.
Keratinized Tissue Assessment for Dental Implant Therapy
Authors: Gharpure Amit S
Published: October 2021

Although overall failure rates in implant dentistry are low,1 peri-implant diseases have been recognized as a common biologic complication that can reduce the long-term success of dental implants.2 A recent systematic review and meta-analysis reported prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis to be at 65% and 47%, respectively.3 Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are biofilm-associated, inflammatory conditions of peri-implant tissues.4 There has been significant evidence implying the role of bacterial plaque in the initiation of inflammatory responses in the gingiva of natural teeth as well as peri-implant mucosa.5,6 Peri-implant disease etiology is multi factorial in nature,7 and numerous factors may contribute to plaque accumulation and subsequent inflammation, playing a role as risk indicators for the development of peri-implant disease.
The Value of Information
Authors: Vilela Martin J
Published: October 2021

Value of information is a methodology that aims to determine whether it is worth acquiring new information. The acquisition of new data may reduce the uncertainties of the input parameters that define the value of a project. Such a reduction can increase our expectations and consequently the value of the project. The acquisition of data is justifiable only if their cost is less than the project value increases due to an increase in the certainty of the parameters. This article reviews the concepts and methodology of the value of information when the uncertainty is due to a lack of information and discusses an example of this methodology. A decision tree is built for the ideal perfect and imperfect information cases in the example shown and both results are contrasted. It is shown that, in the example discussed, it is worth acquiring the data if their cost is less than the calculated threshold. This article also introduces an additional form of uncertainty that occurs because of ambiguity and will be discussed in a future article.
Safety of Laparoscopy in Patients with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
Authors:   Department of Surgery, University of Wales, Cardiff, Wales,m United Kingdom, Mohamed Sarah A. , Mohamed Abbas AR ,   Department of General Surgery, National Guard Hospital, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2021

The relationship between the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) has been suspected for more than 100 years and was subsequently confirmed by numerous studies in both animals and humans which demonstrate the link and the positive correlation between IAP and ICP. There are mounting concerns that the pneumoperitoneum created during laparoscopic surgery to create space for instrument placement and to allow safe tissue dissection may result in an increase in the ICP secondary to the increase in the IAP which may result in serious consequences in patients with Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. There is uncertainty about the safety of laparoscopic surgery in VP shunt patients. The aim of this article is to review the literature to answer the question [Is laparoscopic surgery safe in VP shunt patients with and without intraoperative monitoring of ICP]?
Occult Thyroid Carcinoma: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Afolabi Adefemi Oladiran , Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson ,   Department of Surgery, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, Olagunju Naomi ,   Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: October 2021

Introduction: There is a dearth of knowledge on the proportion that occult thyroid carcinoma constitutes amongst patients with thyroid cancer in our practice. This study was therefore conducted to review the cases of occult thyroid carcinoma with a focus on the presentation, management, and the outcome of care in a low resource tertiary hospital setting. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 62 patients who were managed for thyroid cancer over a 15-year-period at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The patients who had more than two follow-up visits to the Thyroid Clinic, over the preceding fifteen years were included in this study. The types of surgeries performed on the patients were noted. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We also identified the various limitations that might have hindered the effective care of such patients. Results: Sixty-two consecutive patients, 12 male (19.4%) and 50 females (80.6%) with a median interquartile age range of 45 years, were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The surgeries performed on the patients were total thyroidectomy, 48 (77.4%), completion-thyroidectomy, 14 (22.6%), near total thyroidectomy, etc. Occult thyroid cancer constituted 38 (61.3%) of the patients managed for thyroid cancer. The most common histology subtype was papillary carcinoma. We identified late presentation, inadequate oncologic surgery, financial constraint etc., as limitations of optimal care. Conclusions: In view of the proportion of occult thyroid cancer in this cohort of patients, the clinically benign goitres might contain carcinoma or micro-carcinoma. Therefore, an aggressive public health campaign to encourage early presentation of our patients and primary reduction through total thyroidectomy is recommended to improve the outcome of care.
The Diagnostic Power of the Platelet Mass Index for Testicular Tumours: A Simple Blood Test
Authors:   Bulent Ecevit University, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Zonguldak, Turkey, Girgin Reha , Çınar Önder ,   Bulent Ecevit University, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Zonguldak, Turkey, Bulut Ersan ,   Bulent Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Mersin, Turkey, Akduman Bülent ,   Bulent Ecevit University, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Zonguldak, Turkey, Çeker Gökhan ,   Samsun Vezirköprü State Hospital, Department of Urology, Samsun, Turkey
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The relationship between inflammation and cancer has long been the focus of researchers' interest. There are many inflammatory markers studied for this purpose in the literature. In this context, we focused on the effects of platelet counts and platelet mass index (PMI) as inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of low-volume localized testicular cancer. Materials and methods: Thirty-eight patients with localized testicular cancer with a mean age of 30.84 ± 5.79 years and 38 patients with varicocele as a control group with a mean age of 32.8 ± 9.7 years were enrolled in the study. Number of platelets, mean platelet volume and value of PMI were calculated from peripheral blood samples obtained. Results: Number of platelets and PMI values were statistically significantly higher in patients with testicular cancer compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusions: Both platelet counts and PMI values can be used as a simple test in the diagnosis of testicular cancer besides the well-known accurate serum tumor markers as AFP (alpha fetoprotein), hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase).
A rare case of persistent urogenital sinus in an adult woman associated with unilateral rudimentary horn with ipsilateral renal agenesis and contralateral dermoid cyst
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Amer Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: October 2021

Persistent urogenital sinus (PUGS) is an uncommon developmental cloacal anomaly, with Incidence of 0.6 in 10000 female births. Herein we depict the case of a 22-year of age lady who presented with Infertility for 16 months with dyspareunia and was found to have Persistent urogenital sinus associated with other urogenital anomalies as unilateral rudimentary horn with ipsilateral renal agenesis and contralateral dermoid cyst. The patient was successfully treated with the excision of the sinus, the rudimentary horn and the dermoid cyst.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of Small Salivary Glands
Authors: Schwartzová Vladimíra
Published: October 2021

In their work, the authors focus on the pleomorphic adenoma of small salivary glands, its characteristics, location, and occurrence. They describe some cases of its rare occurrence and unusual location. In the conclusion, they emphasize the prevention of possible malignancy of this type of benign tumor.
Patología dual en personas sin hogar en el Área de Salud de Avilés
Authors: Pallas-Álvarez Lorena , Díez-Revuelta Álvaro , M. Jambrina Juan José , Vargas Martín L.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo principal del presente estudio es estimar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales
graves y de uso de sustancias en personas en la situación de estar sin hogar. El trabajo se
realizó a partir de los datos obtenidos de una muestra representativa de personas sin hogar
en Avilés (Asturias) (n=100) utilizando la Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (M.I.N.I.).
Los resultados de nuestro estudio ponen de manifiesto una estrecha relación entre el uso
de sustancias y el sinhogarismo. Más de la mitad de las personas sin hogar tiene trastornos
relacionados con el uso de sustancias en comparación con el uso problemático de sustancias
en la población general. Se discute la atención psicosocial y la organización de una red de
apoyo a las personas sin hogar.
Bio-control of Stem Rot in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in Field Conditions
Authors: Junsopa Chutsuda , Saksirirat Weerasak , Saepaisan Suwita , Songsri Patcharin , Kesmala Thawan , Shew Barbara B. , Jogloy Sanun
Published: October 2021

Stem rot is a serious disease in Jerusalem artichoke (JA). To reduce the impact of this disease on yield and quality farmers often use fungicides, but this control method can be expensive and leave chemical residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two biological control agents, Trichoderma harzianum T9 and Bacillus firmus BSR032 for control of Sclerotium rolfsii under field conditions. Four accessions of JA (HEL246, HEL65, JA47, and JA12) were treated or notreated with T. harzianum T9 and B. firmus BSR032 in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment in two fields (environments), one unfertilized and one fertilized. Plants were inoculated with S. rolfsii and disease was evaluated at 3-day intervals for 46 days. T. harzianum T9 and B. firmus BSR032 reduced disease incidence by 48% and 49%, respectively, whereas T. harzianum T9 + B. firmus BSR032 reduced disease incidence by 37%. The efficacy of T. harzianum T9 and B. firmus BSR032 for control of S. rolfsii was dependent on environments and genotypes. The expression of host plant resistance also depended on the environment. However, HEL246 showed consistently low disease incidence and severity index in both environments (fertilized and unfertilized). Individually, T. harzianum T9, B. firmus BSR032, or host plant resistance control stem rot caused by S. rolfsii in JA. However, no combination of these treatments provided more effective control than each alone.
Chevin Tower - An Engine House Hidden in Plain Sight. A New Theory on a Local Landmark
Authors: Castledine Ian
Published: October 2021

The tall square building known as Chevin Tower sits on the hill directly above the Milford tunnel on the North Midland railway constructed from 1837-1840 by the railways appointed contractors to surveys carried out by George & Robert Stephenson. Until recently it has always been described as a ‘signal tower’, or a manmade landmark to aid railway surveying where direct line of sight was not possible. In2021 articles in the Midland Journal explored the use of the tower casting some doubt on the signalling interpretation and this led the author to examine afresh the structure, its location and context. This review has refuted the original theories concerning its construction and postulating with extensive supporting evidence that the tower housed a winding engine used to raise material extracted in the shafts and tunnel headings below to the surface, thereby speeding up the process of its construction. This pattern of engine house with a vertical cylinder driving a winding drum mounted above was one widely used in the north-east coalfield during the 19th century and its construction was likely to have been influenced by the Stephensons whose background would have made them familiar with such an arrangement.
Coalbrookdale, Cornwall and, Cylinders - New Light from the Norris Files
Authors: Kanefsky John
Published: October 2021

This paper examines an important source of information on the cylinders and other components of Newcomen engines produced by the Coalbrookdale Company over a period of half a century. This source documents many engines previously unknown to historians as well as providing new detail on others. It adds considerably to our understanding of the diffusion of the Newcomen engine in the middle decades of the eighteenth century. It also reinforces the value of the continuing search for additional documentation and emphasises the risk of assuming that the completeness of what has been published previously cannot be improved on.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 13, No. 9
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: October 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 13, No. 9, 2021.
Pedagogisk arbeid med grunnverdien tilgivelse
Authors: Hansen Helskog Guro
Published: October 2021

Tilgivelse er en av grunnverdiene i Opplæringslovens §1 (Formålsparagrafen) og Overordnet del av læreplanverket. Empirisk forskning antyder at tilgivelse har både psykiske og fysiske helsemessige gevinster. Det er derfor gode grunner til å arbeide pedagogisk med tilgivelse i skole og lærerutdanning. I denne artikkelen analyseres og sammenliknes derfor fire eksempler på henholdsvis psykologiske og filosofiske tilnærminger til slikt arbeid. Til tross for ulikheter viste alle tilnærmingene god effekt. Det betyr imidlertid ikke at det uten videre er etisk forsvarlig å innføre dem på generelt grunnlag i skole og lærerutdanning, da fenomenet tilgivelse kan berøre barn og unge i deres ytterste sårbarhet. Dette problemet drøftes til slutt i bestrebelsene etter å svare på artikkelens problemstilling: Hva er godt pedagogisk arbeid med skolens grunnverdi tilgivelse?

Nøkkelord: Skolens formål, tilgivelse, pedagogisk arbeid, pedagogisk filosofi, Dialogos, filosofisk dialog
Jeg sa unnskyld!
Authors: Kleiven Tormod
Published: October 2021

Artikkelen behandler spørsmålet om hvilket innhold og relevans tilgivelse har i møte med barn og unge i familie, barnehage, skole og innen trosopplæringssammenheng. Tilgivelse som begrep og fenomen diskuteres ut fra en analyse av faglitteratur innen filosofi, psykologi og teologi, og i lys av teori om minneforståelse og relatert til målgruppa. Artikkelens andre del omhandler temaer som analysen har aktualisert med tanke på hvordan tilgivelse og forsoning kan formidles og praktiseres i møte med barn og unge. Diskusjonen legger til grunn at tilgivelse er et resultat av et oppgjør hvor den som er såret, oppdager at hun eller han har en endret og frigjørende posisjon til den som har såret. Dette innebærer også at tilgivelse først og fremst formidles og modelleres som en livsforståelse og holdning, mer enn som et øyeblikks handling.

Nøkkelord: Tilgivelse, forsoning, oppgjør, minner

Nøkkelord: Tilgivelse, forsoning, oppgjør, minner
Den vanskelige tilgivelsen
Authors: Schanche Elisabeth
Published: October 2021

Hvordan kan forsoning bli mulig etter urett er begått? En kunstutstilling i Bergen utforsker dette i tilknytning til brutale og dramatiske historiske hendelser. Kan disse verkene også si oss noe om temaet tilgivelse i vår egen hverdag?
Contributions of the Brazilian Act for the Protection of Personal Data for treating Digital Legacy
Authors: Beppu Flávia R. , Maciel Cristiano , Viterbo José
Published: October 2021

In this article, we analyze how the Brazilian Act for the Protection of Personal Data --- Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD) in Portuguese --- can contribute to handling some situations involving post-mortem digital legacy. For that purpose, we investigate some aspects of this act that can concur with the development of software and internet applications that cope with users’ digital assets. We analyzed the role of LGPD in the Brazilian legal system. The research was carried out based on a literature review and on the analysis of the relevant legislation and some bills proposed to regulate the matter. In line with the national constitutional order, the results point to the possibility of applying the principles and foundations of the data protection act as an axiological matrix for the treatment of the existing digital legacy.
Monte Carlo and Medical Physics
Authors: Essaad Belhaj Omaima , Boukhal Hamid , Mahjoub Chakir El
Published: October 2021

The different codes based on the Monte Carlo method, allows to make simulations in the field of medical physics, so the determination of all the magnitudes of radiation protection namely the absorbed dose, the kerma, the equivalent dose, and effective, what guarantees the good planning of the experiment in order to minimize the degrees of exposure to ionizing radiation, and to strengthen the radiation protection of patients and workers in clinical environment as well as to respect the 3 principles of radiation protection ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) and which are based on: -Justification of the practice -Optimization of radiation protection -Limitation of exposure.
Thermomechanical Analysis of Ceramic Composites Using Object Oriented Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Patel Satyanarayan
Published: October 2021

This chapter discussed the object oriented finite element (OOF2)-based studies for ceramic composites. OOF2 is an effective method that uses an actual microstructure image of the material/composites for simulation. The effect of filler inclusions on the thermomechanical properties (coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, Young’s modulus, stress and strain) is discussed. For this purpose, various ceramics composites (thermal barrier coating and ferroelectric based) are considered at homogeneous and heterogeneous temperature/stress conditions. The maximum stress is found at the interface of the filler/matrix due to their mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient. Further, residual and localized interface stress distributions are evaluated to analyze the composite’s failure behavior. The possible integration of OOF2 with other simulation techniques is also explored.
Different Approaches to Develop More Sustainable Concrete Alternatives
Authors: Pradena Mauricio , César Andrés
Published: October 2021

As important as it is, sustainability related with the concrete material is more than reducing the amount of cement in concrete mixes. In effect, there can be other types of contributions to a sustainable development using this fundamental material. The purpose of this book chapter is to analyse some of these approaches, in particular, concrete durability, reducing the amount of required concrete (and then cement) through innovative structural design, and reducing the amount of aggregates used in the concrete material. More specifically, examples and results obtained in Chile with biological self-healing concrete, thinner concrete pavements and concrete with industrial and domestic waste as partial aggregate replacement are included in the chapter. Due to its importance, the geo-dependency of the concrete material is addressed as well.
Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Alizad Oghyanous Farid
Published: October 2021

Water plays a crucial role in every animate life. There are a multitude of problems that can be occurred without water; thereafter, mankind’s lives can be extinct. Several solutions should be implemented in order to protect water supplies and to treat water used in industries. Among solutions, wastewater treatment is sounded economical and convenient way to overcome water scarcity. Physical, chemical, biological, and mixed treatment systems provide ample opportunity to use water over and over again. However, by using nanotechnology in these systems wastewater treatment can reach much more quality and overcome their drawbacks. Nano-membranes in MBR technology is one of most appropriate treatment technologies that have such potential to postpone water shortage until several years.
Microwave Digestion of Hazardous Waste Sludge in Geothermal Hot Waters by Char/Fly Ash Granule Composts-Hazardous Sludges and Industrial Waste Water Treatment
Authors: İsmail Tosun Yıldırım
Published: October 2021

Most of the previous were regarding characteristics of sludge from urban/municipal activities concerning environmental issues on industrial sludge discharges causing fatal disasters in the lakes and water streams. The washing treatment of mud was searched. This research study concentrated over oxidative heavy metal dissolution and sterilization washing of muddy sludge of chemical, steel and copper refinery plants. The hazardous Hg and Pd contents using washing dissolution provided recovery of metals and treated sludge as the feedstock for digestion process. The research used hazardous sludge which is the by-product of the heat treated steel manufacturing process of CN baths and sludge from pulp washing industries. However, there is a sterilization washing by microwave radiation was reported on various sludge metal contamination characteristics in wastewater treatment stage. The results of a limited number of bench-scale sludge washing experiments conducted in the tube reactor study confirmed high radiation trends for washing dissolution with H2O2 in soil samples obtained from different locations in the north lake area of discharge of at the Plant Site. In general the contaminants in waste pond soils partitioned preferentially to the fine fraction of the soil (<150 μm however, the sand fraction (−0,5 mm + 150 μm) still contained significant contamination. These tests also showed that the heavy metal contaminants were highly dissolved at 45–76% in the wash water, which will reduce washing toxicity and improve metal recovers.
Aromatic Rice of India: It’s Types and Breeding Strategies
Authors: Sharma Aarti , Sandhya  , Srivastava Akanksha , Singh Snehanshu , Mishra Subhash , Mohan Shiva , Chhavi  , Singh Akanksha , Kumar Singh Avinash , Kumar Jaiswal Hemant
Published: October 2021

The coalescence of organoleptic traits viz., pleasant aroma, cooked rice texture, and taste make aromatic rice unique and distinguished from non-aromatic rice. Aromatic rice is cultivated in every rice growing country; with each country has its own indigenous collection. International trade of rice is dominated by Indica (long grained), Japonica (short grained), aromatic rice (Basmati and Jasmine) and glutinous rice; amidst which, Basmati types from India and Pakistan; and Jasmine types from Thailand have phenomenal demand. In India all types of aromatic rice are cultivated based on Kernel length; short, medium, long and very long grained. Basmati varieties own the major market, while other types of aromatic rice besides Basmati are popular in local market only. The country inherits rich diversity of aromatic rice germplasm; with more than 300 different types, each of the rice growing states of India has its own locally popular aromatic rice varieties. India a country where two third of its population consume rice as part of their daily food; aromatic rice always remain their favorite. Basmati, by virtue of its excellent qualities it dominates both national and international market. Every year, Basmati ranks first in respect of foreign exchange earned from the export of agricultural products from India (APEDA). The phenomenal demand and export figures have augmented Basmati Breeding program. However, only few aromatic varieties are cultivated depending on their demand, and their breeding program is also limited. In India, Basmati has over-shadowed other types of aromatic rice in market and in plant breeding programs too. Breeding for Basmati varieties is undertaken by prime agricultural institutions of India. The country regulates quality standards and development of Basmati varieties with the help of Export of Basmati Rice (Quality Control and Inspection) Rules 2003; Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA); and Basmati Export Development Foundation (BEDF). However, no such initiatives have been taken to promote the development of other aromatic rice varieties of India besides Basmati.
Systems and Operation of Ballast Water in Ships with the Changing Ballast Water Management Policy
Authors: Lakshmi Eleyadath , Priya Machinchery , Sivanandan Achari Velayudhan
Published: October 2021

Bio-invasion caused due to ballast water discharge is one of many problems in marine pollution. Countries such as Canada, Brazil, USA and Australia recognized the problems associated with ballasting and deballasting. Countries affected with invasive species formulated specific laws for discharging ballast water in their respective ports. Under the coordination of IMO, countries came together and stressed for globally accepted guidelines that each and every ship has to comply with, while entering any port. In the wake of this, IMO in a convention (2004) on ballast water, proposed guidelines for performing proper ballast water management. This includes ballast water exchange, ballast water treatment, port reception facility, technology approval process, sampling ballast water, analysis methods of ballast water and risk assessment in the convention. Eventually the 2004 convention was found to be inadequate in providing complete elimination of bio invasion. Amendments are made to the 2004 convention over the years for ballast water management. It is found that the member states should share technology among developing countries in establishing sampling and testing laboratories. Region specific sampling analysis and research has to be formulated to understand the bio-invasion based on region and characteristics of different target species in evaluating risk assessment. The D2 standard mentioned in the 2004 convention should be changed from size specific to ‘no organism’ standard in ballast water for discharge. New combination of BWT systems and ‘no ballast’ system with modification to the ship design should be tested, developed and implemented to bring in ecological balance and sustenance in the marine ecosystems.
Ecological Restoration of Degraded Habitats of Jajang Iron and Manganese Ore Mines, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
Authors: Kumar Mishra Rabindra , Kumar Behera Barun , Dash Anita , Kumar Patra Bidyut
Published: October 2021

Mining activities in Jajang iron and manganese ore mines located in Keonjhar district of Odisha, India starting from mineral explorations to production and transport are causing environmental damage in many ways, which includes deforestation, loss of topsoil, accelerated soil erosion, migration of wildlife and avifauna, and addition of air pollutants and dust to the atmosphere. In connection to this, the current study was an attempt to regain the original ecological status of the degraded areas of Jajang iron and manganese ore mines caused due to mining by Rungta Mines Limited. To achieve this indigenous plant species for restoration were selected from mining forests and plantations. Species selection from mining forests was made through systematic phytosociological analysis that involved measurement of Importance Value Index (IVI), regeneration values of tree species and their economic uses. On the other hand, species selection from plantations was made based on their growth, productivity, economic uses and adaptation to terrain and soil types. Shrubs and grasses were selected based on their relative index and abundance, respectively. The top 15 tree and 16 grass species as well as all six shrub species were selected from mining forests and plantations were considered for restoration. The findings of the study may also aids in the faster restoration of degraded habitats with initial human facilitation as the soils of degraded areas were similar to that of the mining forest. To speed up the recovery process after-care and monitoring have also been suggested or advised.
The Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaPSE-1, sipB/C, and cmlA/tetR Genes in Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Children with Diarrhea in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Jafari Sales Abolfazl , Naebi Sara , Nasiri Rozita , Bannazadeh-Baghi Hossein
Published: October 2021

Background: Salmonella gastroenteritis is a global health concern. Recently, increased resistance to Salmonella typhimurium has been reported in several countries. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaPSE-1, sipB/C, and cmlA/tetR genes in S. typhimurium isolates and determine their antibiotic resistance. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 110 fecal samples, which were collected from the patients referred to the hospitals and medical centers in Tabriz, Iran during eight months. After phenotypic identification, the antibiogram test and double-disc synergy test were performed on the isolates. Following that, the prevalence of resistance genes was evaluated using multiplex PCR and specific primers. Results: Out of 110 fecal samples, 26 samples (23.63%) were positive for S. typhimurium. The highest resistance of the isolates was against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, amikacin, and tetracycline (100%), and the lowest resistance was against imipenem (3.85%) and nalidixic acid (7.69%). In total, 15 S. typhimurium isolates (57.69%) were positive for the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. In addition, the most common resistance genes in the isolates were cmlA/tetR (38.46%), blaTEM (34.61%), and blaCTX-M (26.92%). Four isolates (15.38%) carried sipB, three isolates (11.53%) contained blaSHV, and two isolates (7.69%) carried blaPSE-1. Conclusions: The obtained results indicated the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. typhimurium. Therefore, the identification of resistance genes is an important strategy for identifying and counteracting antibiotic resistance.
Modeling of the Сellular Сommunication System Coverage Area Taking into Account the External Details of the Terrain
Authors:   FAET/NAU/ Ljubomyra Guzara,1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03058, Gabrousenko Yevhen , Taranenko Anatolii , Yanovsky Felix , Zavhorodnii Serhii
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a new approach to estimating the contour of the coverage zone for a cellular communications base station that takes into account meaningful reflecting objects located out of the considering zone. Based on this approach, the procedure for modeling and designing the cellular system coverage area. Unlike known methods, the developed procedure considers the influence of electromagnetic wave reflection from external details of the relief, in particular essential reflecting objects located outside the considered cell. The effect of the external objects on the formation of the coverage area resulting contour is considered analytically, numerically and experimentally. The proposed solution leads to more accurate designing of the coverage area for each cell. This creates the opportunity for further development of designing techniques to more effective engineering solutions at developing and applying cellular communication systems in real situations and at various scenarios.
Field Electromagnetic Strength Variability Measurement and Adaptive Prognostic Approximation with Weighed Least Regression Approach in the Ultra-high Radio Frequency Band
Authors:   Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Bioloical and Physical Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Ojuh Divine O. , Isabona Joseph
Published: October 2021

Propagated electromagnetic signal over the cellular radio communication channels and interfaces are usually highly stochastic and complex with unequal noise variation pattern. This is due to multipath nature of the propagation channels and diverse radio propagation mechanisms that impact the signal strength at the receiver en-route the transmitter, and verse versa. This also makes measurement, predictive modeling and estimation based analysis of such signal very challenging and complex as well. One important and popular parametric modelling and estimation technique in mathematics and engineering science, especially for signal processing applications is the least square regression (LSR). The dominance use and popularity of the LSR approach may be attributed to its simplified supporting theory, relatively fast application procedure and ubiquitous application packages. However, LSR is known to be very sensitive to outliers and unusual stochastic signal data. In this work, we propose the application of weighted least square regression method for enhanced propagation practical field strength estimation modelling over cellular radio communication networks interface. The signal data was collected from a commercial LTE networks service provider. Also, we provide statistical computational analyses to compare the resultant estimation outcome of the weighted least square and the standard least approach. From the result, it is found that the WLSR approach is reliably better the most popular standard least square method. The significance and academic of value of this paper is that our proposed and implemented WLSR method can used as replacement of the standard LSR approach for robust mobile signal processing of future communication system networks.
Metadata based Classification Techniques for Knowledge Discovery from Facebook Multimedia Database
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, School of Computational Sciences and IT, Garden City University, Bengaluru, India, Bhat Prashant , Malaganve Pradnya
Published: October 2021

Classification is a parlance of Data Mining to genre data of different kinds in particular classes. As we observe, social media is an immense manifesto that allows billions of people share their thoughts, updates and multimedia information as status, photo, video, link, audio and graphics. Because of this flexibility cloud has enormous data. Most of the times, this data is much complicated to retrieve and to understand. And the data may contain lot of noise and at most the data will be incomplete. To make this complication easier, the data existed on the cloud has to be classified with labels which is viable through data mining Classification techniques. In the present work, we have considered Facebook dataset which holds meta data of cosmetic company’s Facebook page. 19 different Meta Data are used as main attributes. Out of those, Meta Data ‘Type’ is concentrated for Classification. Meta data ‘Type’ is classified into four different classes such as link, status, photo and video. We have used two favored Classifiers of Data Mining that are, Bayes Classifier and Decision Tree Classifier. Data Mining Classifiers contain several classification algorithms. Few algorithms from Bayes and Decision Tree have been chosen for the experiment and explained in detail in the present work. Percentage split method is used to split the dataset as training and testing data which helps in calculating the Accuracy level of Classification and to form confusion matrix. The Accuracy results, kappa statistics, root mean squared error, relative absolute error, root relative squared error and confusion matrix of all the algorithms are compared, studied and analyzed in depth to produce the best Classifier which can label the company’s Facebook data into appropriate classes thus Knowledge Discovery is the ultimate goal of this experiment.
Multi Agent Assisted Safety Information Dissemination Scheme for V2V Communication in VANETs: Intelligent Agent Approach
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Gogte Institute of Technology (Autonomous) Belagavi-590002, Karnataka, India, Koti Ramesh B. , Kakkasageri Mahabaleshwar S.
Published: October 2021

The safety information dissemination plays a vital role in the VANET communication. It is a technique of transmitting the information at scheduled intervals or during road hazards by detecting the events using onboard system and interfaces. Information is shared between vehicles and road side units which are further used to predict vehicle collisions, road line crossings, environmental warnings, traffic data and road hazards. Interestingly the risk of lateral collisions and dense traffic for vehicles can be avoided by accomplishing fast data dissemination i.e. warning alerts by event detection. Vehicular technology which supports the safe mode of transportation is growing faster due to the deployment of new automated technology in the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The different scenarios used in vehicular communication are Vehicle to Vehicle (V-V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V-I) and Vehicle to Internet. Some of the important characteristics of vehicular communications are the mobility, frequent changes in topology, varying transmission power of antennas, intermittent connectivity. ITS providing the solutions for most critical transportation issues and inspiring the researchers for the betterment of road safety. In this paper, we propose a multi agent based safety information dissemination scheme for vehicle to vehicle communication. The proposed algorithm performs the safety information dissemination with help of intelligent agents by optimizing the channel access techniques, message encoding and selection of intermediate nodes. Here the communication between source and destination is achieved with fever number of intermediate links by selecting the nodes in the special zone. Short interval codes which represent safety information are effectively transmitted in the intermittent nature of wireless connectivity. This proposed work describes the details of algorithm with associated network environment, multi agent functions and dissemination mechanism to illustrate the improvement in end to end delay, PDR, energy constraints etc. This method reduces the problem of broadcast storm by delivering the information to intended node. Simulation of the proposed work gives the improved results on PDR, latency and connection overhead.
SBIoT: Scalable Broker Design for Real Time Streaming Big Data in the Internet of Things Environment
Authors:   Sivas Cumhuriyet University/Computer Engineering Department, Sivas, 58140, Turkey, ARSLAN Halil , YALCIN Mustafa , ŞAHAN Yasin
Published: October 2021

Thanks to the recent development in the technology number of IoT devices increased dramatically. Therefore, industries have been started to use IoT devices for their business processes. Many systems can be done automatically thanks to them. For this purpose, there is a server to process sensors data. Transferring these data to the server without any loss has crucial importance for the accuracy of IoT applications. Therefore, in this thesis a scalable broker for real time streaming data is proposed. Open source technologies, which are NoSql and in-memory databases, queueing, full-text index search, virtualization and container management orchestration algorithms, are used to increase efficiency of the broker. Firstly, it is planned to be used for the biggest airport in Turkey to determine the staff location. Considering the experiment analysis, proposed system is good enough to transfer data produced by devices in that airport. In addition to this, the system can adapt to device increase, which means if number of devices increasing in time, number of nodes can be increased to capture more data.