bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECONTEXTUALIZAÇÕES DO –ISMO: Disputas em torno do jornalismo "em crise"
Authors: Manna Nuno , Jácome Phellipy , Ferreira Thiago
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar, através de um exercício historicizante, a ideia de uma “crise” do jornalismo diagnosticada por vários autores e agentes midiáticos contemporâneos. Para tanto, nos dedicamos a compreender e a inquerir uma série de discursos autorreferentes buscando, num primeiro momento, traçar as características desse “contexto de crise”. Como perceberemos, elas partem de um regime de crenças moderno que, sob a tutela de um –ismo, almeja delimitar as fronteiras do exercício jornalístico, a partir de um conjunto de valores, institucionalidades, que estariam, agora, sofrendo uma série de questionamentos e reiterações. Em seguida, analisamos algumas das respostas – advindos de mídias de “referência” e “alternativas” – que nos permitem perceber que concepções de jornalismo são atualizadas nesse contexto, e de que maneira diferentes agentes da mídia informativa reivindicam um lugar nessa recontextualização.
Aproximações à instabilidade temporal do contexto
Authors: Souza Leal Bruno , De Carvalho Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2017

A noção de contexto, fundamental para uma série de perspectivas analíticas, ganha neste artigo problematizações que o situam em condição de instabilidade, particularmente definida a partir das conexões com a temporalidade. Buscamos evidenciar que, inicialmente na relação com as textualidades, as relações de contexto vão além da dicotomia “dentro” ou “fora” do texto, posto que marcadas pelas posições históricas, teóricas e epistemológicas das pesquisas e seus agentes na busca pela contextualização. Por seu turno, o contexto, normalmente visto como uma espécie de passado, pano de fundo ou moldura que auxiliaria na compreensão de textos, acontecimentos e outros fenômenos sociais e linguageiros, é visto em função de atravessamentos temporais complexos. Propomos, a partir do reconhecimento da instabilidade temporal do contexto, que o futuro, visto como antecipação, previsão ou outras estratégias para “dominá-lo”, é a temporalidade quase sempre ausente das análises contextuais, quando deveria ser condição primordial.
O controle do corpo feminino no programa Encontro com Fátima Bernardes: subjetividade, texto e contexto
Authors: Maia Jussara Peixoto , Sacramento Igor , Vilas Bôas Valéria
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo, analisamos como o programa Encontro com Fátima Bernardes, da TV Globo, constrói posições de sujeito para o feminino articuladas a um perfil dominante de feminilidade, estabelecendo ressonâncias e tensões com valores que são disputados e atualizados na sociedade contemporânea. Observamos as estratégias da produção utilizadas para enfatizar características de um modelo dominante de subjetividade feminina no processo de definição do formato. A análise se dá em três períodos de mudança de cenário e mostra suas implicações nas relações entre o formato e a forma de construção do feminino. Também consideramos as articulações entre as estratégias de produção e os modos de reconhecimento e consumo televisivos por meio de comentários pela página oficial do Encontro com Fátima Bernardes no Twitter. Assim, demonstramos como a forma de conceber o feminino no programa reverbera uma disposição cultural dominante em relação ao lugar da mulher configurada por meio do discurso patriarcal.
A Literature Review of Empirical Research on the Effects of Digital Games on Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences / Pregled literature o empirijskim istraživanjima o utjecaju digitalnih igara na stilove učenja i višestruke inteligencije
Authors: Aleksić Veljko , Ivanović Mirjana
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe paper presents a review of literature resources that studied the effects of digital games on students' learning and intelligence. The research included 5,740 scientific papers from 11 electronic repositories that presented various evidence of multidimensional impact of digital games on students. Categorization and application of multiple qualitative criteria identified 36 representative papers that presented empirical evidence. Various indicators and benchmarks used in papers were analysed, taking into account the methodological limitations. The results confirm the complex relations between digital games andlearning styles and multiple intelligences on which the recommendations and questions for future research are created.Keywords: literature review; digital games; learning style; multiple intelligences.---SažetakU radu se daje pregled literature koja prikazuje rezultate istraživanja o utjecaju digitalnih igara na učenje i inteligencije učenika. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 5740 znanstvenih radova iz 11 elektroničkih repozitorija, a koji su pružili raznolike dokaze o višedimenzionalnom utjecaju digitalnih igara na učenike. Kategorizacijom i primjenom višestrukih kvalitativnih kriterija pronađeno je 36 odgovarajućih radova koji su sadržavali empirijske dokaze. U radovima su analizirani raznovrsni indikatori i referentne točke, uzimajući u obzir metodološka ograničenja. Rezultati potvrđuju kompleksne veze između digitalnih igara i stilova učenja, kao i višestrukih inteligencija, na temelju kojih se stvaraju preporuke i pitanja za buduća istraživanja.Ključne riječi: pregled literature; digitalne igre; stil učenja; višestruke inteligencije.
The Effect of E-learning on the Acquisition of Learning Outcomes in Teaching Science and Biology / Utjecaj e-učenja na usvojenost ishoda učenja u nastavi Prirode i Biologije
Authors: Bulić Mila , Jelaska Igor , Mandić Jelaska Petra
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe conducted research aimed to identify factors of efficiency of e-learning on the acquisition of learning outcomes in teaching Science and Biology in elementary school. In addition, the differences in the age of pupils were identified as one of the factors of e-learning efficiency. The sample of participants was made up of 162 students, from 5th to 8th grade. Based on the pre-testing results, the pupils were divided into the control and the experimental group. The pupils from the experimental group were acquiring teaching units through the system of e-learning, and pupils in the control group had traditional classes using active working methods. Two-factor 4×2 ANOVA was used with the aim of checking the hypotheses. The results imply that pupils in the 5th and 6th grade differ from pupils in the 7th and 8th grade, i.e. the pupils in the experimental group were found to be more successful. Additionally, the research confirms that e-learning is as successful as traditional teaching, so it can surely be used under the conditions when pupils cannot be present in the regular classes in the classroom. The results of the research can be an incentive for teachers to strengthen their own ICT competencies, implement ICT in the teaching process and create new e-learning scenarios in the teaching of Science and Biology.Key words: Biology classes; e-learning; ICT; pupil’s age; Science classes.---SažetakProvedeno istraživanje imalo je za cilj identificirati čimbenike učinkovitosti e-učenja na usvajanje ishoda učenja u nastavi Prirode i Biologije u osnovnoj školi. Također su identificirane i razlike u dobi učenika kao jedan od faktora učinkovitosti e-učenja. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 162 učenika od 5. do 8. razreda. Učenici svakoga razreda, na temelju rezultata predtesta, bili su podijeljeni na kontrolnu i eksperimentalnu skupinu. Učenici eksperimentalne skupine nastavne sadržaje ispitivanih nastavnih cjelina usvajali su putem sustava e-učenja, a učenici kontrolne skupine imali su tradicionalnu nastavu u učionici s pomoću aktivnih metoda rada. Dvofaktorska 4x2 ANOVA koristila se s ciljem provjeravanja postavljenih hipoteza. Rezultati pokazuju kako se učenici 5. i 6. razreda diferenciraju od učenika 7. i 8. razreda kao uspješniji u eksperimentalnoj skupini. Dodatno, istraživanje potvrđuje da je e-učenje uspješno kao i tradicionalna nastava pa se zasigurno može koristiti u uvjetima kada učenici ne mogu biti na redovnoj nastavi u razredu. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti poticaj učiteljima za jačanje vlastitih IKT kompetencija, implementaciju IKT-a u nastavni proces te osmišljavanje novih scenarija e-učenja u nastavi Prirode i Biologije.Ključne riječi:  dob učenika; e-učenje; IKT; motivacija; nastava Biologije; nastava Prirode.
Additions to the Costa Rican Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Gustavo , Karremans Adam P.
Published: August 2017

Pleurothallis cerea, a species described based on a specimen collected by Lankester in Costa Rica, and commonly placed under the synonymy of Myoxanthus octomeriae or M. congestus, is here recognized as distinct. The species is easily distinguished by the shape and size of the leaf, as well as various floral details, especially of the lip. A new combination, tentatively suggested by Carl Luer but never published, is required and therefore validated. Additionally, the vegetatively striking Myoxanthus affinis is recorded from Costa Rica for the first time based on two recent collections. The species is variable within its broad distribution from Colombia to Bolivia and, although differences with the original material from Peru are evident, we cannot be sure at this time that ours represents a different species. Both species are described and illustrated based on living plants.
Proximate Composition, Texture Performance and Sensory Evaluation of Lindur Fruit-Potato Simulation Chips Enriched With Shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei) Shell Powder
Authors: Ikasari Diah , Hastarini Ema
Published: August 2017

Study aimed to investigate the utilization of shrimp shell powder in the production of lindur fruit-potato simulation chips, which was assessed using proximate composition, texture performance and sensory evaluation parameters. Three different ratios of lindur fruit-potato flour (w/w) (30:70, 40:60 and 50:50), as well as different concentrations of shrimp shell powder (0, 1, 3 and 5%) were used in the formula. The results showed that lindur fruit-potato simulation chips enriched with shrimp shell powder had 3.22-4.42% moisture content, 3.33-4.94% ash content, 3.77-5.83% protein content, 14.59-19.04% fat content, 71.06-76.34% carbohydrate content and 341.4-530.9 g/cm2 hardness. Ratio lindur fruit flour and potato flour of 40:60 as well as 3% of shrimp shell powder was chosen as the best treatment since the formula produced lower hardness, higher protein content and the most crispy and tasty chips preferred by panelists.
CHẤT LƯỢNG MÔI TRƯỜNG NƯỚC TẠI TRẠM QUAN TRẮC RẠCH GIÁ (1997-2015)
Authors: Vinh Le Thi , Tam Pham Huu
Published: August 2017

Kết quả đo đạc/phân tích chất lượng nước tại trạm quan trắc Rạch Giá từ năm 1997 đến 2015 cho thấy giá trị của các thông số cơ bản (Độ muối: 0 - 32,2‰; pH: 7,01 - 8,52, nồng độ tổng chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS): 3,5 - 770 mg/l; DO: 2,92 - 9,70 mg/l, BOD5: 0,90 - 9,76 mg/l, nồng độ muối dinh dưỡng (Amoni: 0 - 316 µgN/l; nitrit: 0 - 330 µgN/l; nitrat: 62 - 2.470 µgN/l; phosphat: 2,2 -93,1 µgP/l; silicat: 208 - 5.770 µgSi/l); nitơ hữu cơ (Nhc): 608 - 1.670 µg/l; phospho hữu cơ (Phc): 48 -748 µg/l), nồng độ các kim loại nặng (Zn: 6,8 - 43,4 µg/l; Cu: 0,6 - 14,7 µg/l; Pb: 0,3 - 6,8 µg/l; As: 2,6 - 11,9 µg/l; Cd: 0,03 - 1,1 µg/l; Hg: 0,10 - 0,93 µg/l), hydrocacbon (HC:116 - 788 µg/l) và mật độ coliform (2 - 19.200 MPN/100 ml) biến động trong phạm vi rất rộng. Sự biến động theo các thời kỳ trong năm cho thấy vào mùa khô, giá trị độ muối, pH, BOD5, nồng độ nitrit, nitrat, Phc và mật độ coliform cao hơn trong khi nồng độ TSS, phosphat, silicat, Nhc có xu thế thấp hơn so với mùa mưa. Sự khác biệt về nồng độ các thông số theo pha triều chỉ thể hiện tương đối rõ rệt qua mùa khô. Phân tích dữ liệu môi trường trong gần 2 thập kỷ qua cho thấy xu thế biến đổi nồng độ của hầu hết các thông số theo thời gian không ổn định, nồng độ DO đôi lúc rất thấp và nồng độ chất dinh dưỡng, TSS đôi lúc rất cao.
ĐẶC TRƯNG KHAI THÁC NGUỒN LỢI ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY CÓ GIÁ TRỊ KINH TẾ CHỦ YẾU Ở THỦY VỰC NHA PHU, KHÁNH HÒA
Authors: Ngai Phan Duc , Tuan Vo Si , Long Nguyen Van
Published: August 2017

Đặc trưng khai thác nguồn lợi động vật đáy có giá trị kinh tế chủ yếu ở thủy vực Nha Phu, Việt Nam được xác định thông qua 5 chuyến điều tra khảo sát từ năm 2011 - 2016. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, thủy vực Nha Phu có áp lực khai thác lớn, với mật độ phương tiện (11,9 ghe/100 ha, 7,7 sỏng/100 ha và 16,2 người/100 ha), số nghề (13 nghề) và thời gian khai thác trung bình nghề khá cao (185 ngày/nghề/năm) và tập trung chủ yếu vào mùa khô (chiếm gần 70% tổng thời gian hoạt động trung bình nghề/năm), đặc biệt nghề khai thác hủy diệt tận thu như xiết điện, lưới lồng, cào máy, giã cào (chiếm trên 56% tổng thời gian năm). Sản lượng của các nghề khai thác chiếm ưu thế vào mùa khô (chiếm trên 73% tổng sản lượng khai thác thương phẩm (423,9 tấn/năm) và trên 93% tổng con giống (161.000 con giống/năm) động vật đáy cả năm), trong đó các nghề hủy diệt, tận thu chiếm chiếm trên 73% tổng sản lượng động vật đáy. Thành phần và sản lượng nguồn lợi động vật đáy có chiều hướng suy giảm nghiêm trọng, đặc biệt nguồn lợi giáp xác (giảm 17%). Nguyên nhân có thể do thời gian hoạt động trung bình/năm và doanh thu của các loại nghề khá cao, đặc biệt nghề khai thác mang tính hủy diệt, tận thu. Kết quả nghiên cứu này cung cấp cơ sở khoa học và dữ liệu cho quy hoạch khai thác và quản lý nguồn lợi thủy sản hợp lý.
MARINE MICROBES: SOURCES OF NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR APPLICATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Mien Pham Thi , Ha Dao Viet
Published: August 2017

Marine microbiology is currently the topic that scientists worldwide are interested in with the aim of searching for bioactive substances. In addition to the inherent microorganisms in marine sediments, other marine lives - associated microorganisms have recently been more invested and important achievements of pharmaceutical research applications have been gained in the last few decades. In this article, we review the milestones in the process of looking for “drugs from the sea” and focus on remarkable results in marine microbes associated with invertebrate and their potential application in drug investigation from the latest published papers in prestigious international journals.
BIẾN ĐỘNG THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI VÀ MẬT ĐỘ TRỨNG CÁ, CÁ CON HỌ CÁ MỐI (SYNODONTIDAE) Ở VÙNG BIỂN VỊNH BẮC BỘ, VIỆT NAM
Authors: Huy Pham Quoc
Published: August 2017

Cá mối được khai thác chính bằng nghề lưới kéo đáy và nghề lưới rê đáy ở vùng biển vịnh Bắc Bộ. Qua 16 chuyến điều tra, thu mẫu giai đoạn sớm ở vùng biển Bắc Bộ từ năm 2011-2013, đã xác định được 4 loài và 1 nhóm loài trứng cá, cá con thuộc họ cá mối là: Loài cá mối thường (Saurida tumbil), loài cá mối vạch (S. undosquamis), loài cá mối ngắn (S. elongata), loài cá mối hoa (Trachinocephalus myops) và nhóm cá mối (Synodus spp. và Saurida sp.). Số lượng và tần suất bắt gặp trứng cá, cá con họ cá mối có sự biến động qua các năm. Mật độ trứng cá cá con có xu hướng giảm dần theo thời gian, dao động từ 584 trứng cá đến 74.272 trứng cá/1.000 m3 nước biển và từ 30 cá con đến 1.785 cá con/1.000 m3 nước biển. Biến động về mật độ thể hiện tương đối rõ theo mùa gió. Trứng cá, cá con thuộc họ cá mối phân bố chủ yếu ở vùng biển phía bắc vịnh Bắc Bộ. Trong mùa gió Đông Bắc, trứng cá thường tập trung ở khu vực Bạch Long Vĩ và rải rác ở khu vực gần giữa vịnh; cá con thì xuất hiện nhiều ở vùng ngoài khơi Thanh Hóa - Nghệ An và phía nam đảo Bạch Long Vĩ. Sang mùa gió Tây Nam, trứng cá, cá con có xu thế tập trung ở khu vực gần bờ: Vùng biển ven bờ Quảng Ninh, xung quanh đảo Cát Bà và ven bờ Thanh Hóa - Hà Tĩnh.
Criança, identidade e consumo: um estudo sobre as lições da publicidade infantil
Authors: Schmitz Horlle Analu , Schmidt Saraí Patricia
Published: August 2017

Este artigo discute a relação criança, mídia e cultura do consumo. Os debates em torno da constituição de uma mídia de qualidade que leve em conta o desenvolvimento integral de crianças e adolescentes envolvem aspectos tanto de promoção quanto de proteção. Ambas as perspectivas são complementares e devem ser consideradas de forma integrada pelos atores que compõem o sistema de mídia, ou seja, o governo, a sociedade civil e as empresas de comunicação, que contribuem de forma significativa na construção da identidade da criança. Nesse contexto, vários especialistas consideram que é preciso discutir e ampliar as estratégias que regulamentam a publicidade voltada ao público infantil no Brasil. O estudo analisa as fragilidades e potencialidades da regulamentação da mídia no Brasil em relação à publicidade infantil a partir da análise de documentos e da discussão com grupo de acadêmicos do curso de Publicidade e Propaganda. É necessário que haja um diálogo maior entre os atores que compõem o sistema de mídia, pois é preciso compreender que profissionais devem ter liberdade para a criação de peças publicitárias, mas, ao mesmo tempo, devem respeitar os direitos das crianças. Sendo assim, é necessário que se faça uma reflexão mais ampla sobre o que diz a lei e o que efetivamente é veiculado pela mídia, pensando sempre no bem maior, a criança.
Midiatização na cobertura dos meninos Aylan Kurdi Omram Daqneesh: os refugiados no radar do mundo
Authors: Rublescki Anelise , Haupenthal Mariana
Published: August 2017

Partindo do conceito de midiatização, o artigo propõe uma discussão a partir do caso do afogamento do menino refugiado sírio Aylan Kurdi, amplamente discutido na mídia e pela sociedade, após uma foto ser veiculada na qual o menino de três anos aparece, sem vida, de bruços, na beira de uma praia na Turquia, após uma tentativa sem sucesso de chegar à Grécia, e de Omran Daqneesh, outro menino sírio que comoveu o mundo ao ser fotografado e filmado coberto de poeira e sangue dentro de uma ambulância em Aleppo, um dois lugares mais atingidos pelos conflitos no país. A escolha da temática se justifica pela pertinência no âmbito social atual, pela discussão da representação dos refugiados na mídia, além de contribuições para a área da comunicação e estudos de cultura. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo teórico-empírico, desenvolvido com revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Em um momento em que a globalização "encurtou" fronteiras e considerando o impacto que a imprensa midiatizada tem na sociedade, evidencia porque o caso foi além de ser apenas mais um acontecimento jornalístico. Demonstra que a imagem se tornou símbolo da crise migratória, propondo um discurso mais humanizado e uma mudança - podendo ou não ser momentânea - na cobertura da chamada crise migratória que a Europa vive.
Das ervas à farmácia: o encontro narrativo da ciência com o saber popular
Authors: Rodarte Lídia Karolina de Sousa , Da Costa Alda Cristina Silva
Published: August 2017

Este artigo objetiva compreender a conciliação discursiva entre ciência e saber popular na narrativa jornalística da revista Amazônia Viva, na matéria intitulada “O poder das ervas medicinais”, de maio de 2012. Analisamos os elementos construídos sobre o imaginário da Amazônia e as construções de sentido sobre o mundo real ou imaginado, denominados de reconstruções do real, que produzem “efeitos do real” sobre a ciência e “efeito estético de sentido” sobre a narrativa popular.
Entrevista a Diniz Gonçalves Júnior
Authors: Wiese Maíra Borges
Published: August 2017

Esta entrevista com o poeta Diniz Gonçalves Júnior é uma das que compõem a série de entrevistas que vem sendo realizada com autores brasileiros de literatura e poesia digitais. Esta série de entrevistas faz parte de um projeto de mapeamento da literatura digital brasileira, e surge inspirada na vasta pesquisa desenvolvida sobre o tema pelo Professor Jorge Luiz Antonio, desde o começo dos anos 2000. A intenção deste projeto é dar continuidade a esta pesquisa, expandi-la e aprofundá-la.
Effect of Environmental Problem-based Learning on the Indonesian EFL Students’ Environment-related Vocabulary Mastery and Writing Ability
Authors: Iswandari Dyah Christina , Prayogo Johannes Ananto , Cahyono Bambang Yudi
Published: August 2017

This study aims at examining the effect of environmental problem-based learning (PBL) on the environment-related vocabulary mastery and writing ability of Indonesian EFL students. Previous studies showed that problem-based learning is a student-centered learning approach that affects students’ learning positively and significantly. This study employed a quasi-experimental design by involving two classes of senior high school students, each consisted of 30 students. One class was assigned to be the experimental group and treated with environmental PBL, while the other class was assigned to be the control group and taught conventionally. A vocabulary test was used to measure the students’ environment-related vocabulary mastery, while a hortatory writing test was used to examine the students’ writing ability. The data were analyzed by using independent sample t-test. The results of the study showed that the students who were taught by using environmental PBL improved their environment-related vocabulary mastery and their writing ability significantly. The PBL approach is then recommended for future teaching and research. Nevertheless, before implementing this approach, other teachers and future researchers should consider the readiness of the curriculum, the students, and the school infrastructure.
Discourse Analysis of Oliver Twist from the Perspective of Pragmatics
Authors: Lian Min
Published: August 2017

As a great representative of the British realism literature in the 19th century, Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist is set in foggy city London, but reflects the complex social reality in that time. Many domestic scholars studied and analyzed this novel from different perspectives, while most of them paid much attention to the literature translation and analysis of the characters’ image, few studied it from the perspective of pragmatic theories. In view of it, this paper selects plenty of dialogues from the novel and they are classified and analyzed on the basis of Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Leech’s Politeness Principle. After analyzing the characters’ conversational implicature, this paper aims to provide a linguistic reference for the appreciation of characters’ image and social significance of the novel. The paper consists of introduction, main body and conclusion three parts. Introduction part gives a simple introduction of the author Charles Dickens and the novel, then states the previous researches on the subject as well as the research angle, goal and method. The body (consists of two chapters) firstly gives a detailed introduction of the theoretical framework, then analyzes the selected dialogues on the basis of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle respectively. Conclusion part puts forward that people always express their ideas indirectly and implicitly in their speech communication to violate the Cooperative Principle, that is out of consideration of politeness to others, namely observing Politeness Principle.
An Analysis of English Translation of Chinese Classics from the Perspective of Cultural Communication
Authors: Yu Xiu
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to analyze the English translation of Chinese classics from the perspective of cultural communication. Through the analysis, it is hoped that the communication of Chinese traditional culture can be promoted.
A Feminist Study of The Summer before the Dark
Authors: Hao Ningning
Published: August 2017

Lessing pays more attention to the destiny of women and she creates many female figures in her works. Lessing’s The Summer before the Dark also focuses on the fate of women. This paper interprets the novel from the perspective of Feminism and it analyzes the women’s survival situation at that time and makes a detailed analysis of Kate’s degradation, retreat and return. By clarifying the Kate’s awkward situation and spiritual confusion, elaborating the reasons of Kate’s leaving and her exploration, this paper points out that Kate found herself and realized the self-awareness after a series of exploration and reflection and finally chose to go home with a new image.
Pragmatic Knowledge and Its Reflection in ESP Textbooks: The Case of Unauthentic Textbooks
Authors: Shooshtari Zohre G. , Bordbar Anahita , Banari Reza
Published: August 2017

Textbooks play a crucial role in language teaching particularly in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms since they are considered as an important and primary source of linguistic input. EFL textbooks are expected to develop EFL students’ knowledge, no difference in linguistic or pragmatic competences (Gholami & Mahboobrezaei, 2011). As some scholars believed pragmatics is the fifth skill in language learning, then, it is essential to incorporate it like an integral component of EFL textbooks. However, there exists little knowledge on how well pragmatic perspectives of language are taken into consideration in expanding EFL textbooks generally and Iranian English for specific purposes (ESP) textbooks particularly. In fact, ESP textbooks are written by non-native authors and are considered as unauthentic textbooks. This study, therefore, attempted to explore pragmatic knowledge incorporation into ESP textbooks that have been published for computer engineers by SAMT publication as university textbooks. This study was also an attempt to investigate the frequency and rate of ‘politeness principle’ and ‘irony principle’ from the subcategories of inter-personal rhetoric as the umbrella term in two textbooks in the field of psychology. Book A was an authentic book written by natives for native speakers; however, book B was written by Iranians writers for Iranian university students (SAMT book). This paper then presented some results abstracted from the whole research project. EFL teachers and researchers whose professional and academic interests lie in syllabus design and ESP field may benefit from the findings of the study.
Thermal Insulating Concrete Tiles
Authors: Saeed Sarkawt , Qadir Shler , Shaan Riyadh
Published: August 2017

This paper studies the shape of high-thermal insulating concrete tiles used for roof tiling. The theoretical part consists of a comparison between this invented tiles and ordinary terrazzo tiles. The analysis depends on the values of thermal conductivity of the materials used. The results showed that when these tiles are used for roof tiling, the temperature difference between the outside of roof surfaceand the inside room can be reduced about (6) times compared with the use of the ordinary terrazzo tiles. In addition, three specimens were fabricated and tested for rupture and absorption tests. The test results showed that, they have a good resistance to the applied test loads, and high resistance to water absorption. The authors believe that the results are remarkable, highly applicable and should be taken intoconsideration in building constructions.
Short Note
Authors: Omer Mustafa
Published: August 2017

Any electronic device cannot be build from any two different materials if their Iattice thermal expansions are not in match. most methods of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations to obtain this parameter in semiconductors

are expensive and complicated. Some times they need large and costly computational programs. In my work, a new approach is achieved for calculating lattice thermal expansion for semiconductors.
Psychosocially Supporative Design - As a Theory and Model to Promote Health (A Letter to Editor)
Authors: Dilani Alan
Published: August 2017

The board of JZS has received a letter from Prof.Alan Dilani, who is from Kurdistan of Iran and a Swedish Citizen an 12/04/2007. The following is part of his letter:

I will send you an article please find as attachment, it has been newly

published in the book of the year of International Hospital Federation

dealing with Health promotion and is very relevant for Kurdistan. You

are free to publish in the next number.

I wish you again all the best for you and Dr.Ali Saeed Mohammad to develop University of Sulaimani as a top academic in the region.

Best wishes.

Alan Dilani

International Academy for Design and Health

Alan Dilani, Ph.D. Professor, Architect, Public Health

Research Center Design and Health

NOVUM Science Park

Halsov, 7 Plan 6

141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Tel: +46 8 689 93 55

Mobile: + 46 8 745 00 02

International Academy for Design and Health 

Internet: www.designandhealth.com

e-mail: academy@designandhealth.com

His aim for that, and also ours) was to seek the attention of the Ministry of Health and other responsible bodies in the Kurdistan Regional

Government and Engineers, to the importance of Hospital Designs in Kurdistan. With great thanks and appreciation, the board of this Journal (JZS) has approved to republish the article as it was appeared in the original book Thanks to Prof.Alan Dilani wishing him more success in future.

Editorial Board of JZS
The Effect of Peak Area Estimation on the Gamma-Ray Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Fattah Aziz
Published: August 2017

This paper deals with a measured gamma-ray spectrum and designing a MATLAB program to perform

peak finding procedure by using the differences of the experimental data as well as performing fitting

process by using Newton-Gauss least square technique. Then, five different methods of peak area

determination are proposed to analyze the symmetry lines of Po212 in the spectrum, and the comparison

was done using the percentage variance reduction test.
Log-Convex Polynomial Approximation in Log. of Twice Differentiable Functions
Authors: Darwesh Halgwrd
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of constrained approximation, which we call Log-convex

polynomial approximation in log. We obtained a direct theorem of log-convex polynomial approximation in

log for twice differentiable functions on [-1, 1], in term of the ordinary moduli of continuity.
Conventional Control of Loop-Height in Steel Rolling Mill
Authors: Abdulrahman Alaa
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the loop height formation in steel rolling mill, and how to control the height

of the loop. Loops are useful in stee0l rolling processes. They improve the quality of the steel production

and reduce the chances of tension and/or bending in the production between the successive rolling

stands. The driver of the rolling stand is of DC-motor type in which its speed can be controlled. A

conventional controller is used to control the height of the loop and to keep the synchronization of the

rolling stands. Simulation results reveal how the synchronization is maintained and the height of the loop

can be kept constant when any disturbances occur.
Production of ZA-27 Alloy by New Rheocasting Process
Authors: Abood Adnan , Habeb Tahar
Published: August 2017

The present work encompasses the grains refining of microstructure of Zn-Al alloy (ASTM B669 ZA-27)

ingots without addition of refining agents or using stirring, that is, by using the New Rheocasting (NRC).

AISI 316 stainless steel mould is employed with inclination angle of 75o and 1.2 V/A ratio. The pouring

temperatures are 532 oC, 522 oC, and 502 oC, while the quenching occurs at different temperatures. The

examination shows that all NRC ingots have microstructure of refined equaxial grains in the range of 27-

36 μm, while the percentage of volume fraction of α-Al phase was varied from 0.56 to 0.76. The value of

circularity was in the range of 1.33-1.65. The NRC ingots achieved less coarsening kinetic than critical

value which shows that there is a limited increase in the grain size and coalescence of reheating. Tensile

strength, Yield strength, and Elongation of ZA-27 alloy which was made by NRC process, increased to

18%, 11%, and 32% respectively compare to Gravity Die Casting (GDC) ingots due to formation of

equaxil grains along all the cross section in addition to smaller grains size.
Modified Moghissi Cervical Mucus (Cm) Score and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Spontaneous and Clomiphene Citrate Ovulation Induction Program
Authors: Al-Janabi Adnan , Hussain Sabah , Rashed Israa
Published: August 2017

A comparative study was performed to determine the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on cervical

mucus (CM) sampled in the preovulatory period in ovulatory cycle patients (control) and CC treated

patients, moreover the correlation between CM score and body mass index (BMI) was studied in these

two groups. One hundred-three infertile women were evaluated in outpatient clinic attending Institute for

Embryo Research and Infertility/University of Al-Nahrain/Baghdad from February to August 2005, these

patients were divided into two groups, the first group (number= 45) was ovulatory (control) group, this

group took no treatment and the second group(number= 58)was CC-treated group, they were given dose

of CC 100 mg/day orally for 5 days starting from cycle day 2 .Follicular growth was monitored in both

groups starting from cycle day 10 using transvaginal ultrasound when the dominant follicle size was

1620 mm, the CC score was done to all patient. Body mass index (kg/m2) was measured for the all

patients and its effect on CM score was evaluated. There was highly significant reduction in volume,

consistency, spinnbarkeit, cellularity, and total CM score in treated CC cycles compared to control cycle,

whereas there was no statistically significant difference in regard to ferning test between two groups. The

PH of CM of patients in the CC treated cycle increased but not to a significant level as compared to

control cycle. This study also demonstrate a negative linear correlation with CM and BMI in controls

cycle, whereas there is no correlation in CC treated cycle .It was concluded from these results that, CC

cause a marked reduction in the quality and quantity of cervical mucus.
Diabetes during Labour: Types, Mode of Delivery and Fetal Outcome in Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alaf Shahla
Published: August 2017

A field study on 54 pregnant women during labor with pre gestational and gestational diabetes in

Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital ,Erbil city , Kurdistan region Iraq from 1st of January to the 1st of

March 2005 was carried out to determine the types of diabetes, mode of delivery and neonatal out come .

Total deliveries in this period were 2891, making the rate of diabetes during labor 1.9%. Mean maternal

age was33.65±5.35 years, mean maternal weight was 79.50±13.5 kg, 3.7% of patients were primigraivid

while 57.41 % were grandmultiparus.63% of diabetic patients in our study were Gestational diabetes

while 37% were pregestational diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes).There was no statistically

significant correlations between the types of diabetes and maternal age, weight, and parity.61.1% of the

patients delivered by Caesarean Section (Emergency and Elective) while 29.6% of cases delivered

spontaneously vaginally .The most common indication for Caesarean Section was Cephalo pelvic

Disproportion .The perinatal mortality in the study group was 6 (2 macerated stillbirth, 2 fresh stillbirth

and 2 early neonatal deaths), there were 5cases (9.2%) of congenital fetal malformations (4 congenital

heart disease and one case of club foot (all were newborns of pregestational diabetic mothers).
Pre-Operative versus Postoperative Surgical Analgesia
Authors: Ahmed Hiwa , Muhemad Ako
Published: August 2017

Background; postoperative pain remain the most common dilemma for surgical patients, there are many

methods for control of pain, either by conventional postoperative analgesia or preoperative analgesia.

The aim; is to evaluate the benefit of Diclofenac as pre-operative analgesia in comparison to the

postoperative conventional treatments.

Methods and Patients; this study includes patients of different age and sex groups, underwent different

elective and emergency surgical operations,

They divided in to two groups:

- Group A (100 patients): controlled group, were received pre-operative analgesia.

- Group B (100 patients): compared group, were received the conventional analgesia.

Results; thirty eight percent of patients in group A have significant pain versus eighty six percent of the

patients in group B (P value 0.0000)

Preoperative analgesia as single dose of Diclofenac is more effective in control of postoperative pain

than conventional postoperative analgesia.

Conclusion; we could say that the pre-operative (pre-emptive) analgesia is safe, feasible, well tolerant,

less costly and more effective for the control of different types of the surgical pain.
Flow- Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of some Sulpha Drugs via Oxidative Coupling with 4-Amino-N, N-diethylaniline. Application to Various Samples
Authors: Azeez Yousif
Published: August 2017

A flow injection spectrophotometric method is described for the determinaiton of sulphonamides

in aqueous and biological samples. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of 4-amino-N,

N-diethylaniline with sulphonamide drugs in the presence of potassium dichromate as oxidizing agent.

Intense violet, water soluble dye was obtained which has a maximum absorption at 550nm,. Linear

calibration graphs were obtained for different sulphonamides with a molar absorpitivity of 4200-5270 l mol-1 cm-1

and a relative standard deviation less than 0.56%. The proposed method has proved to be highly sensitive (detection limit range 0.30-0.63 μg ml-1  sulphonamide) and accurate (recovery % was 98.2-101.2%). The nature of the coloured dye and its stability constant were determined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of sulphonamide drugs in pharmaceutical preparations, blood and urine samples.Keywords: FIA, Spectrophotometer 4-amino-N, N-diethylaniline
Some properties of Fundamental Complex functions
Authors: Abdul-Kadir Fryad
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this work is to define and study a new type of functions which have only essential singular

points on a region in complex plane, so that several properties of this type of functions are given. Also we

study the set of this type of functions algebraically to get some theorems and results.
Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Matching Logical Address and Port Number
Authors: Boskany Najmadin
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to design a significant system for detecting intrusion hosts inside

computer networks. The goal is to let network administrators detect and discover if possible hackers

(unauthorized hosts) that attempt to break into network infrastructure exist or no, who observe network

traffic or try to cause service attack, by accident or with purpose.
Determination of a Critical Angle (θc) for Track Revelation for Different CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector Materials
Authors: Ismail Asaad
Published: August 2017

Different thicknesses of 50 samples of commercially CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors

(SSNTDs) have been prepared with different ages and from different produced companies. Track

parameters and plotting profiles, using computer program TRACK_TEST ware calculated. Detector

efficiency has been found to be depends strongly on the critical angle for track revelation (C). On the

other hand, critical angle depends strongly on the bulk etch rate.The results were specified that the

detectors older than 3 years seemed to show odd behaviors of VB with detector efficiency. For

age=3years the efficiency decreases exponentially for different alpha particle energy, and the bulk etch

rate (VB ) increases with decreasing age. This behavior may be important in applications of this detector;

for example, the calibration factor for radon measurements should be established by taking into account

the age of the detector.
Simulation of Whirlpool Galaxy and its Companion
Authors: Rasheed Mariwan
Published: August 2017

In the present work the Whirlpool galaxy and its companion are simulated using Intergalactic

Gravitational Motion Simulator IGMS code. N-body method is depended in simulating 480 particles.

From the simulation, it was found that the spiral shape and the arm of the whirlpool galaxy were constructed

by interaction with its companion. In addition, the interaction caused the tidal bridge between the two

galaxies and distorted the shape of the whirlpool galaxy to a perfect spiral galaxy. It was also found that the

two galaxies started the interaction in the nearer position for hundreds million years and after that the two

galaxies separate from each other.The results indicated that the simulation image matches with that observed

by telescopes.
Oral Cancer in Sulaimani: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Talabani Nazar , Ahmed Khadija , Faraj Farouk
Published: August 2017

Oral cancer is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring of all malignancies; it is one of the most

frequently occurring cancers in the body. This study is designed to achieve a retrospective and a

prospective epidemiological study on oral cancer in Sulaimani city .

In the retrospective cases of oral cancer in ten years (1995-2004) were reviewed, and the prospective

study included oral cancer cases diagnosed during the study period. Seventy three cases in the

retrospective part and 18 cases in the prospective part were recorded. All cases were analyzed according

to age, sex, site and histopathological presentation.

In the retrospective part, the patients were 44 males and 29 females with male to female ratio 1.5:1. The

lip was the most commonly affected site by oral cancer (32 cases 43.84%), followed by tongue (16 cases,

21.92%).The peak onset of oral cancer seen in age groups (51-60) and (61-70) years .Squamous cell

carcinoma was the major histopathological version, followed by tumor of salivary gland region. In the

prospective part of the study the patients were15 males, and 3 females. Age group (41-50) was the most

commonly affected. The lip was the most commonly affected site. The most frequent histopathological

type was squamous cell carcinoma.

It was obvious that almost all the cases were seen in an advanced stage, the delay was found to be mainly

due to ignorance of the patients, and delay in diagnosis and referral by dental practitioners. Lack of

information about habitual smoking and drinking, were noticed. Necessity of cancer registry in Sulaimani

is suggested.
Spirometric Measurements among Workers of Tasluja Cement Factory
Authors: Mahmood Treefa , Wafi Nasreen , Shaikhan Mohammed
Published: August 2017

Prolonged exposure to cement is hazardous and studies abroad showed that repeated and

prolonged exposure to cement dust causes respiratory impairment.This study aimed at assessing the

respiratory function among workers of Tasloja cement factory which is one of the biggest cement

factories in the region, For this purpose a group of 139 cement workers with a group of 68 control

subjects were enrolled in this study. The cement workers group was divided into directly exposed and

indirectly exposed. Both groups were examined by spirometry .Spirometric examination included the

determination of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and PEF, at the same time their height& weight were

determined. There was a significant decrease in peak expiratory flow(PEF) among the exposed group.

Other spirometric values showed non-significant decrease. The decrease in spirometric measurements

was directly proportional to the duration of employment.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Blood Donors in Sulaimani Major Blood Bank for the Years 2006 and 2007: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hussein Ali
Published: August 2017

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infections are a serious global public health

problem. The objective of this study was to verify the trend of HBV and HCV infections among blood

donors in Major Blood Bank of Sulaimani in the years 2006 and 2007. Patients and Methods: The study

analyzed the data of blood donors in Sulaimani city who donated blood at Major Blood Bank of

Sulaimani during the year 2006 and their correspondence in 2007. HBsAg status was determined by

using BIOELISA HBsAg TEST KIT and antibodies to HCV using BIOELISA Anti-HCV TEST KIT.

Samples repeatedly reactive for HBsAg or anti-HCV were considered positive for HBV or HCV infection

respectively. We set up a hypothesis that to be tested using Chi-Square test at 95% confidence level and

degree of freedom equal to one. Results: The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection among donors was

0.48% in 2006 and changed significantly in the next year to 0.25%, (P<0.05). The overall seroprevalence

of HCV among donors was 0.11% and did not changed significantly in the next year, (p > 0.05).

Significant decrease in HBsAg seroprevalence was particularly seen in non–first time donors in 2007, (p

< 0.05). All female donors were negative for HBV and HCV in both years. Conclusion: There are low

rates of both HBV and HCV infections among blood donors in 2006 and 2007, HCV is less

seroprevalence than HBV, and the decreased rate of HBV infection in 2007 than in 2006 indicates good

control of known risk factors. Also, factors that led to zero% of infection among female donors should be

clarified and followed.
Analysis and Evaluation of Fresnel Zone Antenna Designs
Authors: Al-Hindawi Asaad , Al-Shaikly Ammar
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of two designs of flat aperture antenna based on Huygen's principle and Fresnel diffraction theory ; therefore, this antenna type is called Fresnel zone plate antenna. The two designs include Soret and Wood types which are different in shape, design procedure and the manufacturing techniques; thus in radiation characteristics. Using the exact solution, the radii of Fresnel zones (rings), directive gain and aperture efficiency of the antenna designs are calculated and the radiation patterns are obtained. It is found that the antenna with odd zones is better in radiation characteristics than the antenna with even zones. It is also determined that the focusing efficiency of Wood antenna design is very good and four times higher than that of Soret type. The obtained results from the two antenna designs are discussed and evaluated.
Determination of Some Chemical Constitutes of Oak Plants (Quercus spp) in the Mountain Oak Forest of Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: Ghafour Noori , Aziz Hoshyar , Almolla Ra'ad
Published: August 2017

In this research work some chemical constitutes of Oak species were evaluated as a natural products in

acorn, pericarp and cupules in the tree oak species (Quercus aegilops, Q. infectoria and Q. libani).

The plant sample was collected in Khamza location district of Sulaimani Governorate during October- November 2004.

The preliminary chemical detection for the composition in acorn, pericarp and cupules in each of the

three species showed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, resins,

saponins, terpenes and steroid while the detection gave a negative results for alkaloids and saponins in acorn

of the three test oak species.

Total phenols conc. was determined by folin-cioculate method, while the total tannins were determined by

radical diffusion method after extraction by dissolving samples in acetone (70%). Results indicated the

existence of significant differences in total phenols and total tannins, conc. at 5% LSD among the fruit parts

and species, indicating that pericarp of Q. aegilops contain the highest conc. of total phenols and total

tannins, reaching (268.38 and 180.814 mg/g) respectively. Conc. of these compounds in cupules of Q.

infectoria were the lowest reaching (171.49 and 51.802 mg/g) respectively.

Ellagic acids were separated and determined using HPLC technique (high performance liquid

chromatography), column (BD-C-18) type and mobile phase (0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer, methanol

70:30 v/v) after extraction by methanol (80%). The acorn of Q. infectoria contained the highest conc. of

ellagic acid (5.168 mg/g) while cupules of Q. libani contained the lowest conc. of these compounds (1.310 mg/g).