bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climatic niche attributes and diversification inAnolislizards
Authors: Velasco Julián A. , Martínez‐Meyer Enrique , Flores‐Villela Oscar , García Andrés , Algar Adam C. , Köhler Gunther , Daza Juan M.
Published: September 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to test the link between climatic niche dynamics and species diversification inAnolison islands and on the mainland. We tested the hypotheses that lineages in warmer climates and with narrow climate niches diversified more than lineages in cold climates and with broad climate niches. We also tested the hypothesis that species‐rich clades exhibit greater niche diversity than species‐poor clades.

Location

Neotropics.

Methods

We collated occurrence records for 328Anolisspecies to estimate niche breadth, niche position and occupied niche space (as a proxy for niche diversity). We compared niche breadth between insular and mainlandAnolisspecies and amongAnolisclades, controlling for the potential confounding effect of range size. Using two approaches (clade‐based and QuaSSE) we explored the association between niche metrics and diversification rates inAnolislizards.

Results

We found that CaribbeanAnolishad a narrower niche breadth and niche space occupation compared to mainland anoles after controlling for range size differences. There was a significant association between niche traits (mean niche position and niche breadth) and diversification in anoles. Anole lineages with narrow niche breadths and that occupy warmer areas exhibited higher speciation rates than those with broader niche breadths and that occupy cold areas. Similarly, clades with higher total diversification exhibit more niche diversity than clades with lower total diversification.

Main conclusions

Climatic niche attributes play a role in anole diversification with some differences between mainland and insular anole lineages. Climatic niche differences between regions and clades likely are related to differences in niche evolutionary rates. This also suggests that climate plays a strong role in shaping species richness between and within mainland and islands.
Fixed‐Combination Olmesartan/Amlodipine Was Superior to Perindopril + Amlodipine in Reducing Central Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Ruilope Luis M. ,   the SEVITENSION Study Investigators
Published: September 2015

This post hoc analysis from the Sevikar Compared to the Combination of Perindopril Plus Amlodipine on Central Arterial Blood Pressure in Patients With Moderate‐to‐Severe Hypertension (SEVITENSION) study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of olmesartan (OLM) and amlodipine (AML) in reducing central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) compared with perindopril (PER) plus AML in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were randomized to OLM/AML 40/10 mg or PER/AML 8/10 mg for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the absolute change in CSBP from baseline to week 24, which was greater with OLM/AML (−13.72±1.14 mm Hg) compared with PER/AML (−10.21±1.11 mm Hg). The between‐group difference was −3.51±1.60 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −6.66 to −0.36 mm Hg) and was within the noninferiority margin (2 mm Hg) as well as the superiority margin (0 mm Hg). In addition, OLM/AML was associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving blood pressure normalization. In hypertensive patients with diabetes, the fixed‐dose combination of OLM/AML was superior to PER/AML in reducing CSBP, as well as other secondary endpoints.
Association of Thiazide‐Type Diuretics With Glycemic Changes in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Zhao Qingyu
Published: September 2015

Patients receiving thiazide diuretics have a higher risk of impaired glucose tolerance or even incident diabetes, but the change of blood glucose level varies across different trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the glycemic changes in hypertensive patients with thiazide‐type diuretics. Twenty‐six randomized trials involving 16,162 participants were included. Thiazide‐type diuretics were found to increase fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared with nonthiazide agents or placebo or nontreatment (mean difference [MD], 0.27 mmol/L [4.86 mg/dL]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.39). Patients receiving lower doses of thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone ≤25 mg daily) had less change in FPG (MD, 0.15 mmol/L [2.7 mg/dL]; 95% CI, 0.03–0.27) than those receiving higher doses (MD, 0.60 mmol/L [10.8 mg/dL]; 95% CI, 0.39–0.82), revealed by the subgroup analysis of thiazides vs calcium channel blockers. Thiazide‐type diuretics are associated with significant but small adverse glycemic effects in hypertensive patients. Treatment with a lower dose might reduce or avoid glycemic changes.
Reconsidering Industrial Metabolism: From Analogy to Denoting Actuality
Authors: Wassenaar Tom
Published: September 2015

Metabolism is a key concept in industrial ecology (IE). Industrial metabolism (IM) is widely used but seldom discussed, and the rare contributions discussing the concept show divergent views, so the debate is still open. Building on recent contributions that broaden the scope of the epistemological debate, the goal of the present discussion is to go beyond the general statement of IM as a biological analogy in IE. The aim is to infer a definition by a thorough deduction so as to further the debate or even federate the community. An etymological analysis demonstrates the eligibility of standpoints other than biological analogy. Moreover, an analysis of the biological characteristics of a metabolism to be emulated may question the pertinence of the currently employed biological analogy. Here, I propose an alternative view based on the present analysis results and in line with modern ecological precepts, whereby IM is considered as an actual phenomenon. According to the definition derived from the analysis—human‐mediated matter change for sustaining a productive system's economic activity—IM should be considered as a subset of a complex system of interconnected transformative processes across all scales of life: the metabolic network. The consequences and promising future orientations that may result from adopting such a shift in definition are succinctly explored.
Validity and sensitivity of a human cranial finite element model: implications for comparative studies of biting performance
Authors: Toro‐Ibacache Viviana , Fitton Laura C. , Fagan Michael J. , O'Higgins Paul
Published: September 2015

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a modelling technique increasingly used in anatomical studies investigating skeletal form and function. In the case of the cranium this approach has been applied to both living and fossil taxa to (for example) investigate how form relates to function or infer diet or behaviour. However, FE models of complex musculoskeletal structures always rely on simplified representations because it is impossible completely to image and represent every detail of skeletal morphology, variations in material properties and the complexities of loading at all spatial and temporal scales. The effects of necessary simplifications merit investigation. To this end, this study focuses on one aspect, model geometry, which is particularly pertinent to fossil material where taphonomic processes often destroy the finer details of anatomy or in models built from clinical CTs where the resolution is limited and anatomical details are lost. We manipulated the details of a finite element (FE) model of an adult human male cranium and examined the impact on model performance. First, using digital speckle interferometry, we directly measured strains from the infraorbital region and frontal process of the maxilla of the physical cranium under simplified loading conditions, simulating incisor biting. These measured strains were then compared with predicted values from FE models with simplified geometries that included modifications to model resolution, and how cancellous bone and the thin bones of the circum‐nasal and maxillary regions were represented. Distributions of regions of relatively high and low principal strains and principal strain vector magnitudes and directions, predicted by the most detailed FE model, are generally similar to those achieved in vitro. Representing cancellous bone as solid cortical bone lowers strain magnitudes substantially but the mode of deformation of the FE model is relatively constant. In contrast, omitting thin plates of bone in the circum‐nasal region affects both mode and magnitude of deformation. Our findings provide a useful frame of reference with regard to the effects of simplifications on the performance of FE models of the cranium and call for caution in the interpretation and comparison of FEA results.
Abutment Material Effect on Peri‐implant Soft Tissue Color and Perceived Esthetics
Authors: Kim Aram , Campbell Stephen D. , Viana Marlos A. G. , Knoernschild Kent L.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant abutment material on peri‐implant soft tissue color using intraoral spectrophotometric analysis and to compare the clinical outcomes with patient and clinician perception and satisfaction.

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients and four prosthodontic faculty members participated. Abutments were zirconia, gold‐hued titanium, and titanium. Peri‐implant mucosa color of a single anterior implant restoration was compared to the patient's control tooth. Spectrophotometric analysis using SpectroShadeTM Micro data determined the color difference (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) between the midfacial peri‐implant soft tissue for each abutment material and the marginal gingiva of the control tooth. Color difference values of the abutment groups were compared using ANOVA (α = 0.05). Patient and clinician satisfaction surveys were also conducted using a color‐correcting light source. The results of each patient and clinician survey question were compared using chi‐square analysis (α = 0.05). Pearson correlation analyses identified the relationship between the total color difference (ΔE) and the patient/clinician perception and satisfaction, as well as between ΔE and tissue thickness.

Results

Zirconia abutments displayed significantly smaller spectrophotometric gingival color difference (ΔE) compared to titanium and gold‐hued titanium abutments (respectively, 3.98 ± 0.99; 7.22 ± 3.31; 5.65 ± 2.11; p < 0.05). Among ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*, only Δa* (red‐green spectrum) showed significant difference between groups. There was no significant correlation between measured soft tissue thickness and ΔE, but thick gingival phenotype, determined by a probe test, demonstrated a smaller ΔE than thin phenotype (4.82 ± 1.49; 6.41 ± 3.27; p = 0.097). There was no statistical difference in patient or clinician satisfaction among abutment materials, and no correlation between ΔE and the patient and clinician satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher than clinician, and patient‐perceived differences were lower than clinicians’ (p < 0.01). Clinicians’ satisfaction was higher for gingival (pink) esthetics than crown (white) esthetics (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Peri‐implant mucosa with zirconia abutments demonstrated significantly lower mean color difference compared to titanium or gold‐hued titanium abutments as measured spectrophotometrically; however, no statistical difference in patient or clinician perception/satisfaction among abutment materials was demonstrated. Patients were significantly more satisfied than clinicians.
Retracted: Multilevel Predictors of Math Classroom Climate: A Comparison Study of Student and Teacher Perceptions
Authors: Wang Ming‐Te , Eccles Jacquelynne S.
Published: September 2015

The above article, published online on June 23, 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Nancy Guerra, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon following the discovery that this article contained inaccurate data. It came to the author's attention that the names of some of the items reported in the Measures section of the paper could not be correct because such items did not exist in the surveys. The authors tried to identify exactly which items had been used in the data analyses but they could not establish without some doubt exactly which items had actually been used.

Reference

Wang, M.‐T. and Eccles, J. S. (2014), Multilevel Predictors of Math Classroom Climate: A Comparison Study of Student and Teacher Perceptions. Journal of Research on Adolescence. doi: 10.1111/jora.12153
Adapting the Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) to Estimate Rurality at the ZIP Code Level: A Rural Classification System in Health Services Research
Authors: Inagami Sanae , Gao Shasha , Karimi Hassan , Shendge Martine M. , Probst Janice C. , Stone Roslyn A.
Published: September 2015

Background

Accurate analysis of health problems facing rural residents depends on how rurality is defined. Health services research relies frequently on the rural urban commuting area (RUCA) codes to estimate rurality at the small area level. We modified the county‐level Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) to the ZIP code level (IRRZIP) to create an alternative small‐area‐level rural classification system. We then compared how the 2 rural classification systems differ in how rural areas and populations are defined and in methodological analysis.

Methods

We linked data for veterans (n = 37,466) who attended the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System to 2000 United States Census and the US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service data.

Results

The RUCA and the IRRZIPdo not consistently classify the same ZIP code areas and populations as rural. Using the IRRZIP, each 10th increment in increased rurality was associated with a 2.6 increased odds of receiving primary care at a satellite clinic.

Conclusions

The IRRZIPis a straightforward measure that is easy to use and interpret and may be a relevant alternative rural classification system that can be used in health services research.
From Sodomy to Sympathy: LDS Elites’ Discursive Construction of Homosexuality Over Time
Authors: Cragun Ryan T. , Williams Emily , Sumerau J. E.
Published: September 2015

In this article, we examine how leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints (LDS) discursively constructed homosexuality over the last 50 years. Based on textual analysis of LDS talks, magazines, and other publications, we analyze how LDS elites, responding to shifting historical, cultural, and religious interpretations of sexualities, discursively constructed homosexuality as problematic for (1) society from the 1950s to the 1990s, (2) the family from the 1970s to present, and (3) divinely inspired gender roles from the 1980s to present. Further, we show how LDS elites softened their rhetoric in the 1990s, and in so doing, established a new discursive construction of homosexuality as an ailment requiring sympathetic treatment. Throughout our analysis, we also examine how LDS elites accomplished such discursive work in response to shifting societal and religious attitudes concerning sexual minorities. In conclusion, we draw out implications for understanding how religious elites discursively construct sexual norms, the reciprocal relationship between sexual and religious discourse and advocacy, and the importance of examining how dominant religious discourses change over time.
Religious Experiences of GBTQ Mormon Males
Authors: Bradshaw William S. , Heaton Tim B. , Decoo Ellen , Dehlin John P. , Galliher Renee V. , Crowell Katherine A.
Published: September 2015

This article examines the relationship between sexual orientation and religious experience of men from early adolescence to adulthood. Data have been obtained from an online survey of 1,042 males who were part of a larger sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) persons who are current or former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints (LDS, Mormon). While early religious experience was essentially identical to that of heterosexuals, the gap between religious norms and experience widened as these men moved through early and mid‐adulthood. Those who married did so at a later age, and experienced a high rate of divorce. Continued participation, integration, and conformity to LDS ideals was not attributable to faith in, or a departure from, fundamental doctrinal belief. Instead, the responsible variable was sexual orientation, measured by the Kinsey Scale scores across behavior, attraction, and identity. For those near the exclusively homosexual end of the spectrum, the failure to change sexual orientation after intense effort over many years resulted in loss of belonging, belief, and participation, along with increased negative emotions and a sense of mistreatment.
Does Religiousness Increase with Age? Age Changes and Generational Differences Over 35 Years
Authors: Bengtson Vern L. , Silverstein Merril , Putney Norella M. , Harris Susan C.
Published: September 2015

We examine aging patterns and generational trends in religion using 35 years of survey data from 420 four‐generation families and in‐depth interviews with a subset of 25 families. Results indicate the importance of three time‐related effects on religiosity: individual aging and religious development over the life course; cohort influences; and effects of historical trends in religion. Results indicate an overall aging effect with an upward drift in religious intensity and strength of beliefs over the adult lifespan, though religious attendance remains generally stable over adulthood until it drops in late life. Growth curves show that the oldest generations (G1 and G2) display a “retirement surge” in religiosity. Trajectories of change for G3s and G4s reflect both lifecycle and cohort effects. Qualitative analysis provides insight concerning the generational differences identified in the survey, suggesting two trends: (1) from older‐ to later‐born age groups, spirituality becomes increasingly decoupled from religion; (2) conceptualizations of the divine show a shift from a God who is primarily transcendent (“out there”) for the G1s to one that is more imminent and personal in the G4s.
Explaining Cross‐National Variation in the Effect of Higher Education on Religiosity
Authors: Schwadel Philip
Published: September 2015

While sociologists have long argued that higher education has a secularizing influence, recent research emphasizes the moderating role of social contexts in the relationship between social class and religion. I extend this line of research by examining sources of cross‐national variation in the association between higher education and religiosity using survey data from more than 46,000 respondents in 39 nations. Multilevel models of a religiosity scale show (1) in the aggregate, higher education has a moderate, negative effect on the religiosity scale, (2) this effect varies considerably across nations, and (3) the negative effect of higher education on religiosity is most robust in relatively religious nations. These results demonstrate the importance of national contexts in moderating the effect of education on religiosity. The results also support a cultural diffusion argument that suggests that the highly educated are innovators and early adopters of secular behaviors but that low levels of religiosity then diffuse to less‐educated segments of a population as secularity becomes more common.
Denominational Variations Across American Jewish Communities
Authors: Sheskin Ira M. , Hartman Harriet
Published: September 2015

This article explores the Jewish identity of different Jewish denominational identification groups using the Decade 2000 Data Set with its 19,800 interviews of Jewish households in 22 American Jewish communities. We relate the Jewish identity of individuals in each denominational group (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform/Reconstructionist) to the denominational composition of the community. Communities are clustered via k‐means cluster analysis based on their denominational profiles. We examine the extent to which individual Jewish identification varies by the denominational composition of the community in which an individual resides, finding that considerable variation exists in Jewish identity measures depending on the type of denominational profile that exists in the individual's community. That is, Orthodox Jews, for example, behave differently in a community with a significant Orthodox population than in a community with few Orthodox, but many Reform Jews. Implications for Jewish communities, as well as for the broader interreligious community, are considered.
Military Buildups, Economic Development and Corruption
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Saunoris James W.
Published: September 2015

Using cross‐national data for more than two recent decades, this paper examines the effect of military buildups on corruption. Measuring military buildups via military spending and armed forces, and controlling for simultaneity, results consistently find greater military buildups to increase corruption across specifications. However, the level of economic development plays a crucial role, especially with regard to the effect of military forces. Greater state fragility is, ceteris paribus, associated with greater corruption. The influences of other factors are in accord with the literature.
Fertility and Female Labour Force Participation: Causal Evidence from Urban China
Authors: He Xiaobo , Zhu Rong
Published: September 2015

Using population census data, this paper examines the causal effect of a second child on married women's labour force participation in urban China. To ameliorate the endogeneity of fertility, we exploited twin births as the source of variation in fertility. Although the ordinary least squares estimates indicate that having one more child significantly reduces female labour force participation by around 6 and 9 percentage points in 1990 and 2000, respectively, our causal analyses suggest very small negative effects in 1990 (around 2 percentage points) and an insignificant effect in 2000.
Rite of passage: a bZIP transcription factor must transit the cell apex to become competent
Authors: Momany Michelle
Published: September 2015

In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans BrlA triggers the central developmental pathway that controls the transition from vegetative growth to asexual reproduction. Upstream regulators including the bZIP transcription factor FlbB activate the expression of brlA. Previous work has established that FlbB localizes to both the apex of the hypha, where it interacts with and is anchored by FlbE, and to nuclei, with highest levels in the nucleus closest to the apex and successively lower levels in nuclei further away from the apex. In this issue, Herrero‐Garcia et al. dissect the roles of these two FlbB pools and the mechanisms underlying their localization and activity. Using a photoactivatable tag, they demonstrate that FlbB moves from the tip into the apical nucleus. Through a series of deletion constructs, they show that import of FlbB into the nucleus requires a bipartite NLS, that FlbB localization at the tip requires actin and that the FlbB tip‐high gradient appears to be mass action dependent as the gradient is lost with FlbB constitutive upregulation. They show that while the pool of FlbB at the apex is required for triggering asexual development, the tip high nuclear gradient is not required.
The disulfide oxidoreductase SdbA is active in Streptococcus gordonii using a single C‐terminal cysteine of the CXXC motif
Authors: Davey Lauren , Cohen Alejandro , LeBlanc Jason , Halperin Scott A. , Lee Song F.
Published: September 2015

Recently, we identified a novel disulfide oxidoreductase, SdbA, in the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii. Disulfide oxidoreductases form disulfide bonds in nascent proteins using a CXXC catalytic motif. Typically, the N‐terminal cysteine interacts with substrates, whereas the C‐terminal cysteine is buried and only reacts with the first cysteine of the motif. In this study, we investigated the SdbA C86P87D88C89 catalytic motif. In vitro, SdbA single cysteine variants at the N or C‐terminal position (SdbAC86P and SdbAC89A) were active but displayed different susceptibility to oxidation, and N‐terminal cysteine was prone to sulfenylation. In S. gordonii, mutants with a single N‐terminal cysteine were inactive and formed unstable disulfide adducts with other proteins. Activity was partially restored by inactivation of pyruvate oxidase, a hydrogen peroxide generator. Presence of the C‐terminal cysteine alone (in the SdbAC86P variant) could complement the ΔsdbA mutant and restore disulfide bond formation in recombinant and natural protein substrates. These results provide evidence that certain disulfide oxidoreductases can catalyze disulfide bond formation using a single cysteine of the CXXC motif, including the buried C‐terminal cysteine.
Like a Child with Two Parents: Race, Religion and Royalty on the Siam‐Malaya Frontier, 1895‐1902
Authors: Malhi Amrita
Published: September 2015

Since 1957, Malaysian public life has been organized around a historic conflation of three important political themes: “race, religion and royalty”, or “3R”, all of which are purportedly championed and defended by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). This article explores how this conflation of themes became so important to this postcolonial nation‐state, specifically by investigating its influence in shaping Malaya's territorial limits. The 3R conflation has deep historical roots which stretch much further back than the moment of decolonization, as shown by a series of approaches to Britain made by Malay Muslim rulers between 1895 and 1902—the period in which a boundary between Malaya and Siam was first negotiated. During these years, these rulers—all of whom ruled over Siamese tributaries—appealed to Britain to colonize their polities to prevent their incorporation into Siam. Their appeals were framed in terms of 3R, giving momentum to the idea of a “Malay Muslim” geo‐body in Malaya, in which a transformed monarchy should preside over a modernized sacral sphere of racial and religious identity.
The effect of excess body mass on the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta‐analysis of 58 studies
Authors: Shiri R. , Pourmemari M. H. , Falah‐Hassani K. , Viikari‐Juntura E.
Published: September 2015

We aimed to estimate the effects of overweight and obesity on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and to assess whether sex modifies the associations. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and ResearchGate databases from 1953 to February 2015. Fifty‐eight studies consisting of 1,379,372 individuals qualified for a meta‐analysis. We used a random‐effects meta‐analysis, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses. Overweight increased the risk of CTS or carpal tunnel release 1.5‐fold (pooled confounder‐adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% CI 1.37–1.57, N = 1,279,546) and obesity twofold (adjusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.92–2.13, N = 1,362,207). Each one‐unit increase in body mass index increased the risk of CTS by 7.4% (adjusted OR = 1.074, 95% CI 1.071–1.077, N = 1,258,578). Overweight and obesity had stronger effects on carpal tunnel release than CTS. The associations did not differ between men and women, and they were independent of study design. Moreover, the associations were not due to bias or confounding. Excess body mass markedly increases the risk of CTS. As the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally, overweight‐related CTS is expected to increase. Future studies should investigate whether a square‐shaped wrist and exposure to physical workload factors potentiate the adverse effect of obesity on the median nerve.
Diagnostic profiling of salivary exosomal microRNAs in oral lichen planus patients
Authors: Byun J‐S , Hong S‐H , Choi J‐K , Jung J‐K , Lee H‐J
Published: September 2015

Objective

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease whose exact cause is unclear and which requires efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Identification of disease‐specific biomarkers in saliva is an easy, quick, and non‐invasive approach for molecular diagnosis. This study was designed to examine salivary exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be candidates for diagnosing and elucidating the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus.

Subjects and Methods

We compared miRNA profiles of salivary exosomes of patients with oral lichen planus with those of healthy controls. Saliva samples from 16 patients with oral lichen planus and eight healthy controls were divided into two sets and examined using miRNA microarray analysis and TaqMan quantitative PCR.

Results

The three miRNAs identified (miR‐4484, miR‐1246, and miR‐1290) were further validated. Of these, miR‐4484 was significantly upregulated in the salivary exosomes of patients with oral lichen planus.

Conclusions

This study thus identifies a potential miRNA biomarker for oral lichen planus and provides insight into the functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
The core of social function after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Forsberg Anna , Cavallini Josefine , Fridh Isabell , Lennerling Annette
Published: September 2015

Background

Social function is a key aspect of health‐related quality of life after solid organ transplantation (SOT). The focus of this study was to report how solid organ‐transplanted patients change their social function after transplantation.

Aim

To investigate the main concerns associated with social function after SOT and how solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) deal with these concerns.

Method

Twenty SOTRs, 13 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 54 years (range 22–75 years) and due for their first‐year follow‐up were included in this study. The informants had received various types of solid organs. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis by the method of grounded theory (GT) developed by Charmaz.

Result

The GT of this study describes the efforts by the 20 SOTRs to adapt socially in order to maintain their social functioning and leading a normal life. The efforts summaries a process wherein the generated GT is present through three main categories: deconstruction, restriction and reconstruction, showing various ways to socially adapt. Through this process, a clear path of transition through adaptation is evident, starting before transplantation and continues beyond the first year after transplantation.

Conclusion

Social functions improved through a process of adaptation during the first year after transplantation. Working and travelling were the two most important aspects of social function. All the informants emphasised the importance of regaining a normal life, which was the outcome of a successful adaptation.
Factors associated with preference for dying at home among terminally ill patients with cancer
Authors: Schou‐Andersen Marianne , Ullersted Maria P. , Jensen Anders Bonde , Neergaard Mette Asbjoern
Published: September 2015

Introduction

An important element in end‐of‐life care advocacy is to meet patients' end‐of‐life preferences. Most Scandinavian patients die in hospitals even though the majority prefers to die at home. Earlier studies have shown socio‐economic differences in relation to dying at home, but more knowledge is needed in relation to preferences for place of death. Hence, on valid Danish register‐based socio‐economic data, we aimed to investigate whether demographic and socio‐economic factors were associated with preference for dying at home.

Method

Population‐based, historic cohort study among 282 relatives of deceased patients who died of cancer in Denmark in 2006. Bereaved relatives were asked to state patient's preference concerning place of death at the beginning and end of the palliative period. These data were recently combined with updated, extensive demographic and socio‐economic data from Danish national health registers. Generalised linear models were used modelling prevalence ratio (PR).

Results

We found a significant positive association at the beginning of the palliative trajectory between preferring home death and being male (PR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.00;1.58) (p = 0.048)) and a significant negative association between having medium income compared with high income (PR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.67;0.98) (p = 0.031)). At the end of the palliative trajectory, a significant negative association was found between preferring home death and living in a community with more than 100 000 inhabitants (PR = 0.63 (95% CI 0.45;0.89) (p = 0.008)) compared with living in communities with less than 10 000 inhabitants.

Conclusion

The study showed that socio‐economic factors such as gender, level of income and size of community were associated with preference for dying at home. Hence, this study qualifies prior studies on preferences for end‐of‐life care and advocates for a more nuanced picture of the subject. Advocacy in end‐of‐life nursing recommends optimising active listening and communication skills striving towards more patients' preferences in all settings may be heard and fulfilled.
Is Islam in Western Europe Like Race in the United States?
Authors: Foner Nancy
Published: September 2015

Asking whether Islam in Western Europe is like race in the United States is, to a large degree, to ask whether Muslims in Europe share the same fate and face the same barriers as blacks in the United States. The article considers (1) the nature of the hostility to Islam in Western Europe and why it is a greater barrier to inclusion for immigrants and their children than in the United States; (2) the dynamics of color‐coded race in the United States, comparing, on the one hand, the severe barriers confronting individuals and groups with African ancestry in the United States with the barriers facing Muslims (as well as black immigrants) in Western Europe and, on the other hand, considering certain advantages available to immigrants of color in the United States that Muslim and other immigrants lack in Europe; and (3) whether the boundary based on religion will prove more permeable for the descendants of Muslim immigrants in Western Europe than the racial boundary in the United States for those with visible African ancestry.
Cooling and exhumation of the oldest Sanqiliu uranium ore system in Motianling district, South China Block
Authors: Qiu Liang , Yan Dan‐Ping , Tang Shuang‐Li , Arndt Nicholas T. , Fan Li‐Ting , Guo Qing‐Yin , Cui Jian‐Yong
Published: September 2015

The Sanqiliu uranium deposit belongs to a uranium ore system in Motianling district. It is the oldest uranium deposit in South China. Primary uranium mineralization occurred almost simultaneously with the emplacement of the host granites and subsequent dykes, and it has a relatively high grade of uranium (0.421%). We clarify the age of mineralization and investigate the cooling history through new pitchblende U–Pb and apatite fission‐track thermochronology. The pitchblende U–Pb results indicate that uranium mineralization occurred at ~801–759 Ma. Fractionation of uranium and lead at ~374–295 Ma is interpreted as remobilization and resetting of the original uranium. The Motianling area has apatite fission‐track ages of 57 to 18 Ma. By combining our results with previous work, we conclude that the deposit cooled slowly and was exposed at the surface during the Cenozoic. The timing and depth of exhumation helped to preserve and avoid erosion of the uranium deposit, and highlight the potential for regional uranium exploration.
Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in 20 cats accidentally overdosed with ivermectin
Authors: Jourdan Geraldine , Boyer Guillaume , Raymond‐Letron Isabelle , Bouhsira Emilie , Bedel Benjamin , Verwaerde Patrick
Published: September 2015

Objective

To describe the outcome of 20 cats treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) after an accidental parenteral ivermectin overdose.

Case Series Summary

Twenty adult cats presented after receiving a 4 mg/kg accidental subcutaneous overdose of ivermectin. After admission, two IVLE treatments were initiated in asymptomatic cats: a single bolus (1.5 mL/kg;n= 16) versus a bolus followed by a 30‐minute constant rate infusion (0.25 mL/kg/min;n= 4). Six out of the 16 cats that received only the single bolus developed clinical signs of ivermectin intoxication. Based on the severity of the clinical signs and their duration (approximately 48 hours), these 6 cats were retrospectively considered either moderately (n= 3) or severely (n= 3) intoxicated by ivermectin. Cats with a low body condition score (BCS) had more severe signs of ivermectin toxicity. Additional IVLE was administered until clinical resolution was complete. Median (min to max) cumulative dose of IVLE per cat was 4.5 (3.0–4.5) mL/kg for 36 (12–36) hours and 19.5 (7.5–37.5) mL/kg for 96 (72–168) hours for moderately and severely intoxicated cats, respectively.

New or Unique Information Provided

Our series describes the treatment of accidental ivermectin parenteral overdose in 20 cats with early initiation of IVLE therapy. An early bolus followed by a 30‐minute constant rate infusion of IVLE appeared to mitigate the signs of ivermectin toxicosis in cats compared to a single treatment bolus. Our observations also suggest that cats with a low BCS given only a bolus of IVLE treatment were more likely to develop signs of ivermectin intoxication and require a greater amount of IVLE for the resolution of clinical signs. Based on our observations, BCS appears to influence the severity of ivermectin toxicity with a low BCS being associated with more severe signs of ivermectin toxicity.
Capacidades de innovación, desempeño innovador y desempeño organizacional en empresas del sector servicios
Authors: García Osorio Oriana , Quintero Quintero Juan , Arias-Pérez Jose
Published: September 2015

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la incidencia de las capacidades de innovación (CI) sobre el desempeño innovador (DI), y de este último sobre el desempeño organizacional (DO). Las CI se abordan desde la perspectiva de la innovación en servicios, el DI desde el lanzamiento de productos, y el DO se divide en financiero y no financiero. En la metodología, se utilizaron ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran que sólo las CI con orientación al cliente y al marketing influyen sobre el DI y éste a su vez lo hace sobre el DO, aunque en mayor proporción sobre lo no financiero. En conclusión, estos hallazgos contrastan con estudios realizados en empresas manufactureras, en los que resultan más importantes las CI tecnológicas.
Características y desarrollo del acogimiento familiar en dos países con fuerte tradición de acogimiento residencial: España y Portugal
Authors: López López Mónica , Delgado Paulo , Carvalho João , Del Valle Jorge F.
Published: September 2015

Los procesos de acogimiento familiar que se producen en cada país dependen de factores históricos y culturales que dan lugar a grandes diferencias internacionales. A pesar de que las comparativas internacionales ofrecen un medio de intercambio de experiencias, lo que permite el aprendizaje mutuo y la transferencia de buenas prácticas, a menudo encontramos enormes barreras para su realización debido, entre otros factores, al limitado acceso a los datos sobre la práctica de la protección infantil. Frente a estas limitaciones, este artículo ofrece una investigación comparativa realizada en España y Portugal cuyo objetivo ha sido la evaluación del acogimiento familiar en dos países donde la investigación en el ámbito de la protección infantil ha sido tradicionalmente desatendida. Sobre una muestra de 357 casos en España y 289 en Portugal se realizó un estudio del perfil de características de los niños acogidos, las familias de origen y los acogedores, así como de los procesos de acogida en ambos países. La comparativa reveló importantes diferencias relacionadas con la mayor edad al inicio del acogimiento de los niños en España; el perfil de los acogedores, con edades más avanzadas, un bajo nivel educativo y llevando a cabo acogidas de más de un niño simultáneamente en Portugal. El estudio comparado nos ha permitido identificar áreas que requieren mayor atención en ambos países, como la renovación generacional del banco de acogedores en Portugal o la necesidad de acelerar los procesos de toma de decisiones para la entrada en acogimiento familiar en España. Se pretende que este artículo sirva de aliento para la recogida de datos y comparación con otros países iberoamericanos.
Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale en una muestra de trabajadores en Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodríguez Montalbán Ramón , Sánchez Cardona Israel , Martínez Lugo Miguel
Published: September 2015

El estudio del engagement en el trabajo es cada vez más común en la literatura científica. La estructura factorial del instrumento más utilizado por los investigadores para evaluar el engagement, la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), ha mostrado múltiples inconsistencias en diversos países. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la UWES en una muestra de 2.796 trabajadores en Puerto Rico. Se examinó la estructura factorial de la escala mediante ecuaciones estructurales, con el método de estimación de máxima verosimilitud. Los resultados muestran que el modelo de tres factores posee un mejor ajuste a los datos de la escala, siendo consistente con la concepción del engagement como constructo compuesto por tres dimensiones: vigor, dedicación y absorción. La validez y la fiabilidad de la UWES son adecuadas, por lo que se concluyó que la escala posee las cualidades para ser utilizada en investigaciones en el contexto laboral puertorriqueño.
Modelos predictivos de actitud hacia homosexualidad en hombres heterosexuales
Authors: Moral de la Rubia José , Valle de la O Adrián
Published: September 2015

The aims of this paper were to predict membership to a group of attitude of acceptance or ambiguity-rejection toward homosexuality, and describe the attitude levels. The Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay men (ATLG) scale was applied to a non-probability sample of 239 single heterosexual men. All of them were students of health sciences. 15% expressed rejection (including 4% extreme) based on the ATLG total score. Rejection toward gay men (28% including 7% extreme) was higher than toward lesbians (9% including 2.5% extreme). Not having homosexual friends and having adscription to Christian or Catholic religions were significant predictors of belonging to the group with an ambiguity-rejection attitude. It is concluded that the percentage of rejection toward homosexuality is significant. For this reason it is encouraged to implement workshops for promoting an acceptance attitude, and consider these risk variables in their design.
Following the tracks of an emerging area: bibliometric analysis of Latin American Political Psychology in the 2000-2010 period
Authors: Polo Lucila , Godoy Juan Carlos , Imhoff Débora , Brussino Silvina
Published: September 2015

This study examines contemporary Political Psychology in Latin America, by means of a bibliometric approach, for the period 2000-2010. Results show a steady growth of the field in the region (especially in Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina and Brazil). These countries coincide with the place to which the most productive institutions belong. In turn, the most productive authors of the period are Argentine. The most productive journals concentrate in Spain and Brazil. Finally, a tendency towards individual work, with low levels of collaboration among researchers, is observed. Based on these results, we analyze the current place that Political Psychology has as disciplinary field in Latin America.
Medidas del comportamiento ecológico y antecedentes. Conceptualización y validación empírica de escalas
Authors: López Miguens María Jesús , Álvarez González Paula , González Vázquez Encarnación , García Rodríguez María José
Published: September 2015

Este estudio construye las escalas de comportamiento ecológico, que mide la realización de acciones que pretenden proteger y/o conservar el medio ambiente, y las de las variables utilizadas en la literatura para explicar dicho comportamiento: el conocimiento medioambiental, las creencias asociadas a la conciencia ambiental, los valores y las intenciones de comportamiento ecológico. Mediante análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, y sobre una muestra de 497 individuos en España, los resultados muestran el carácter multidimensional del conocimiento y comportamiento ecológico y unidimensional del resto de medidas. Teniendo en cuenta la disparidad de conclusiones alcanzadas en trabajos previos en lo referente a los instrumentos de medida medioambientales y la ausencia de validación a nivel confirmatorio nuestros hallazgos proporcionan una importante contribución para futuros trabajos de investigación.
Pruebas de bondad de ajuste en distribuciones simétricas, ¿qué estadístico utilizar?
Authors: Pedrosa Ignacio , Juarros-Basterretxea Joel , Robles-Fernández Adán , Basteiro Julia , García-Cueto Eduardo
Published: September 2015

El uso de pruebas no paramétricas resulta recomendable cuando los datos a analizar no cumplen los supuestos de normalidad y homocedasticidad. Sin embargo, la suposición de la normalidad de los datos o el empleo de pruebas de bondad de ajuste que no son adecuadas para el tamaño muestral empleado son aspectos habituales. Este hecho implica, en muchas ocasiones, el uso de pruebas estadísticas no ajustadas al tipo de distribución real y, consecuentemente, el establecimiento de conclusiones erróneas. Por ello, en el presente estudio se ha analizado el poder de detección de cinco pruebas de bondad de ajuste -Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors, Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling y Jarque-Bera- en distribuciones simétricas con seis tamaños muestrales entre 30 y 1.000 participantes generados mediante una simulación Monte Carlo. Los resultados muestran una tendencia conservadora generalizada a medida que se incrementa el tamaño muestral. En cuanto a los tamaños muestrales, las pruebas con un mejor poder detección de la no normalidad son Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors y Anderson-Darling para muestra pequeñas, la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov si se emplean tamaños muestrales medios -200 participantes- y la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk cuando se analizan muestras superiores a 500 participantes. Además, la prueba clásica de Kolmogorov-Smirnov se considera absolutamente ineficaz independientemente del tamaño muestral.
Propiedades psicométricas del BDI-II (versión española) en muestras mexicanas de población general y estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Estrada Aranda Benito Daniel , Delgado Álvarez Carmen , Landero Hernández René , González Ramírez Mónica Teresa
Published: September 2015

En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española (Sanz, Navarro & Vázquez, 2003) del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck, BDI-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) en muestras mexicanas no clínicas: 474 estudiantes universitarios y 478 personas de población general. La consistencia interna resultó satisfactoria en ambas muestras siendo alfa de Cronbach 0.901 para la muestra total. El análisis factorial confirmatorio, muestra buenos índices de ajuste al modelo bifactorial de la escala. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones en función del sexo, pero no se observan efectos significativos de la edad. Se concluye que la versión española del BDI-II puede ser un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en la población general adulta mexicana y en estudiantes universitarios.