bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-camera PTV within interfacially sheared drops in microgravity
Authors: McMackin Patrick , Adam Joe , Riley Frank , Hirsa Amir
Published: January 2023

Development of experimental methods for in situ particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is fundamental for allowing measurement of moving systems non-tailored for velocimetry. This investigation focuses on the development of a post-processing methodology for single-camera PTV, without laser-sheet illumination, tracking native air-bubbles as tracer particles within a liquid drop of human insulin in microgravity. This PTV scenario was facilitated by microgravity technology known as the ring-sheared drop (RSD), aboard the International Space Station, which produced an optical imaging scenario and fluid flow geometry suitable as a testbed for PTV research. The post processing methodology performed included five steps: (i) physical system characterization and native air-bubble tracer identification, (ii) image projection and single-camera calibration, (iii) depth determination and 3D particle position determination, (iv) ray tracing and refraction correction, and (v) particle history and data expansion for suboptimal particles. Overall, this post processing methodology successfully allowed for a total of 1,085 particle measurements in a scenario where none were previously possible. Such post processing methodologies have promise for application to other in situ PTV scenarios allowing better understanding of physical systems whose flow is difficult to measure and or where PTV-specific optical elements (such as laser lights sheets and dual camera setups) are not permissible due to physical or safety constraints.
A Bilateral Aberrant Suprascapular Artery Associated with Neurovascular Structures Multiplication
Authors: Piagkou Maria , Tsakotos George , Chytas Dimitrios , Totlis Trifon , Triantafyllou George , Panagiotopoulos Nikitas-Apollon , Tousia Athina , Natsis Konstantinos
Published: January 2023

Purpose The current report describes a rare bilateral suprascapular artery (SPSA) of ectopic origin. Coexisted neurovascular aberrant structures were also identified and considered from a clinical point of view.
Methods The variants were identified in a 91-year-old formalin-embalmed male cadaver, derived from a body donation program after a signed informed consent.
Results In the left axilla, the SPSA emanated from the 1st part of the axillary artery, coursed between the brachial plexus lateral and medial cords, accompanied by the suprascapular nerve, and passed below the superior transverse scapular ligament. Ipsilateral coexisted variants were the lateral thoracic artery multiplication, the subscapular artery division into multiple branches, and the musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve lateral root duplication. In the right supraclavicular area, a SPSA duplication was identified. The main artery emanated from the thyrocervical trunk in common with the transverse cervical artery and the accessory one from the dorsal scapular artery. Both SPSAs coursed over the superior transverse scapular ligament, while the suprascapular nerve ran below the superior transverse scapular ligament.
Conclusions The SPSA atypical origin, course and location is clinically important, as the artery is usually identified and ligated during surgery. The SPSA atypical course below the superior transverse scapular ligament may be a risk factor for the suprascapular nerve compression.
Moonlight and predation risk: does vegetation cover mediate the behaviour of small mammals and their predators?
Authors: Taylor Pip , Swan Matthew , Sitters Holly , Smith Amy , Stefano Julian Di
Published: January 2023

Predation risk drives prey species behaviour, and risk-adverse behaviour (e.g. reduced activity) can be triggered by indirect indicators of predation risk such as moonlight illumination. Furthermore, the influence of moonlight on prey may depend on other factors that affect predation risk, such as vegetation cover. We used camera trap data from 154 sites in southwestern Victoria, Australia, to test the capacity of three hypotheses (predation risk, habitat-mediated predation risk and visual acuity) to explain the influence of moonlight and vegetation cover on the activity of seven small–medium sized (20 - 2500 grams) mammalian prey species and two introduced predators, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus). All prey species reduced their activity with increasing moonlight while only one species (the bush rat, Rattus fuscipes) reduced its activity in response to increasing moonlight more sharply in low compared to high vegetation cover. Neither predator species responded to moonlight. Our findings strongly support the predation risk hypothesis, provide limited support for the habitat mediated predation risk hypothesis, and do not support for the visual acuity hypothesis. For prey, the perceived costs of increased predation risk on moonlit nights outweighed any potential benefits of a brighter foraging environment.
Effect of Lanthanum Doping on the Structure and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Vanadium Pentoxide Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Abdelrazek M. M. , Hannora Ahmed E. , Kamel Rasha M. , Morad Ibrahim , El-Desoky M. M.
Published: January 2023

The structural and optical properties of lanthanum oxide doped nanocrystalline vanadium pentoxide films with the chemical composition xLa2O3-(1-x)V2O5.nH2O (where x = 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mole%) prepared by sol-gel method were studied. The XRD analysis also reVealed that the (002) line is noticeable in the pure film and gets sharper by the addition of Lanthanum, which indicates a layer of intercalation between the vanadium layers. The average crystallite size decreased with increasing Lanthanum content from 4.45 nm to 3.57 nm. By using double-beam UV-VIS spectrophotometers, the optical properties were studied by measuring the absorption, reflectance and transmittance of the prepared films. Some optical parameters like absorption coefficient α, dispersion energy parameters, refractive index n, optical band gap Eop for various transition mechanisms, real parts and imaginary part of the dielectric constants and effective mass were calculated. The absorption coefficient slightly increases with increasing La content, which can be attributed to the increasing of lattice distortion as a result of crystallite size increasing as indicated in the XRD. The transition mechanism was found to be indirect allowed type with optical band gap Eop increasing relative to the La content. By assuming hydrogen like model, the carrier’s contents N were deduced. The absorption spectrum behavior in visible and UV region suggests a promising solution for solar cells and optical-electronic applications.
Optimization of information transmission through a noisy biochemical pathway explains the choice of reaction rates
Authors: Mahajan Anush , Ghosh Bhaswar
Published: January 2023

Living organisms are required to sense the environment accurately in order to ensure appropriate responses. The accuracy of estimating the environmental input is severely limited by noise stemming from inherent stochasticity of the chemical reactions involved in signaling pathways. Cells employ multiple strategies to improve the accuracy by tuning the reaction rates, for instance amplifying the response, reducing the noise etc.. However, the pathway also consumes energy through incorporating ATP in phosphorylating key signaling proteins involved in the reaction pathways. In many instances, improvements in accuracy elicit extra energetic cost. For example, higher deactivation rate suppresses the basal pathway activity effectively amplifying the dynamic range of the response which leads to improvement in accuracy. Higher deactivation rate also enhances the energy dissipation rate. Here, we employed a theoretical approach based on thermodynamics of information to explore the role of accuracy and energetic cost in the performance of a Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase signaling system. Our study shows that the accuracy-energy trade-off can explain the optimality of the reaction rates of the reaction pathways rather than accuracy alone. Our analysis elucidates the role of interplay between accuracy and energetic cost in evolutionary shaping of the parameter space of signaling pathways.
Network pharmacology‑based investigation of potential targets of Triptonodiol acting on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jin Feng , Ni Xiaochen , Yu Shilong , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhou Jun , Mao Defang , Liu Yanqing , Wu Feng
Published: January 2023

Background
COE is a very promising anti-tumor drug candidate extracted from the Chinese herbal, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb, and many related studies are underway. Methods: To explore the mechanism of Triptonodiol for lung cancer treatment, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking, and ultimately protein validation. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed through David database. molecular docking was performed using PyMoL2.3.0 and AutoDock Vina software. After screening, the major targets of Triptonodiol were identified for the treatment of lung cancer. Target networks were established and PPI network topology was analyzed, Then KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Useful proteins were screened by survival analysis and Western Bolt analysis was performed. Results: Triptonodiol may regulate cell proliferation, drug resistance, MTOR, etc. by acting on GSK3B, AKT1, PIK3CA, HSP90AA1, MTOR glucose metabolism and other processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these targets were associated with tumor, PI3K signaling, ERBB signaling, insulin resistance, calcium signaling, etc. Molecular docking showed that the target protein GSK has good binding activity to the main active component of Triptonodiol. The results of cellular studies showed that Triptonodiol significantly reduced GSK3B levels in lung cancer cells H1299 and A549. Conclusion: The cellular level studies combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches provide new ideas for the development and therapeutic application of Triptonodiol, and identified it as a potential GSK inhibitor.
Relationship between disability in activities of daily living and phase angle in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Li Junhui , Wang Zhi , Zhang Huiping , Zhang Qiannan , Shen Yuxin , Zhang Qi , Jian Guihua , Cheng Dongsheng , Wang Niansong
Published: January 2023

Background: To investigate the prevalence of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) in hemodialysis patients and its relationship withphase angle (PhA).
Methods: Maintenance hemodialysis patients between November 2019 and January 2020 in a Chinese university hospital were enrolled. Physical function was measured by the basic ADL (BADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) scales. The association of disability in ADL with PhA was identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze PhA and to determine the optimal cut-off value of PhA for disability in ADL.
Results: This study included 237 hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 60.01 ± 13.55 years. The prevalence of disability in ADL was 43.5%. According to the multivariable analysis, which took age, sex, body mass index, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and duration of dialysis into account, low PhA was shown to be strongly associated with disability in BADL and IADL (per unit decrease of PhA: odds ratio 4.37 [95% CI: 2.49–7.63], and 3.19 [95% CI: 2.03–5.05], respectively). The optimal cut-off values of PhA for disability in BADL and IADL were 4.8 and 5.4, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.783 (0.727, 0.835) and 0.799 (0.743, 0.848), respectively. Additionally, females had higher AUC values than males.
Conclusions: Low PhA is strongly associated with disability in ADL in hemodialysis patients. Moreover, PhA is helpful in screening for disability in ADL.
Second-line antiretroviral therapy adherence and associated factors among adults living with HIV in Dessie City administration public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Mohammed Misku , Abeje Gedefaw , Kebede Natnael , Mohammed Tofik , Ahmed Kemal
Published: January 2023

Background
Adherence is a strong predictor of second-line treatment failure. Second-line treatment failure results in increased morbidity and mortality for HIV-positive patients and is a risk factor for HIV transmission, including drug-resistant strains. Patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens need third-line antiretroviral drugs, which are too costly for sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, understanding patients’ second-line antiretroviral drug adherence level and associated factors has a significant impact on preventing and managing poor adherence-associated complications. There is limited information on this topic in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area.
Objective
The main aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of second-line antiretroviral therapy adherence and associated factors among adults living with HIV in Dessie City administration public hospitals, North East Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 25 - April 30, 2021, on 394 patients on second-line ART. A systematic random sampling technique was used to identify the study participants. Data were collected by using a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for further analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. In the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis, variables with p values less than 0.25 were candidates for multivariable binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with p values < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance in the multivariable binary logistic regression.
Results
In this study, 66.8% (95% CI: 61.9%, 71.3%) of patients on second-line ART had good adherence to their ART medication. Having an adherence supporter (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.65, 4.75), having a good first-line ART adherence history (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.43, 7.69), being male (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.78), having a history of substance use (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.55) and having ever missed their visit (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.86) were independently associated with the second-line ART adherence level.
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The magnitude of good adherence to second-line ART drugs was low. Being male, having support from an adherence supporter, having a history of substance use, having a good first-line adherence history and having a history of ever missing their visit were independently associated with second-line ART adherence. It is important to strengthen adherence strategies at both the facility and community levels by assisting patients who are likely to miss appointments and promoting social support.
Verifiable Attribute-Based Keyword Search Scheme over Encrypted Data for Personal Health Records in Cloud
Authors: Sun Yuqin , Han Lidong , Bi Jingguo , Tan Xiao , Xie Qi
Published: January 2023

Personal health record (PHR) is a medical model in which patients can upload their medical records and define the access control by themselves. Since the limited local storage and the development of cloud computing, many PHR services have been outsourced to the cloud. In order to ensure the privacy of electronic medical records, patients intend to encrypt their health records before uploading them. However, encrypted PHR can not be accessed directly and not be retrieved by the legitimate users. To solve these issues, in this article we propose a new searchable encryption scheme with ciphertext-policy attributes, which achieves fine-grained access control and exact keyword search over encrypted PHRs. Moreover, in our proposed scheme, the receiver can verify the integrity of search result which the cloud server returns. Finally, we simulate our scheme, and the experiments show that our scheme has high practicability for cloud-based healthcare systems and has high efficiency in aspects of keyword search and results verification.
Developing dosiomics models for the prediction of postoperative radiotherapy-induced esophagitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma Zeliang , Liang Bin , Wei Ran , Liu Yunsong , Bao Yongxing , Yuan Meng , Men Yu , Wang Jianyang , Deng Lei , Zhai Yirui , Bi Nan , Wang Luhua , Dai Jianrong , Hui Zhouguang
Published: January 2023

Background: Radiotherapy-induced esophagitis (RE)diminishes quality of life and involves treatment interruption in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. Dosimetric models showed limited capability in predicting RE. We aimed to develop dosiomics models to predict RE.
Methods: Patients with NSCLC who underwent resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy between 2006 and 2015 were enrolled. The endpoint was grade ≥ 2 RE. Oesophageal three-dimensional dose distribution features were extracted using handcrafted and convolutional neural network (CNN)methods, screened using an entropy-based method, and selected using minimum redundancy maximum relevance. Prediction models were built using logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and precision-recall curve were used to evaluate prediction model performance. A dosimetric model was built for comparison.
Results: Models were trained and validated using respective (n = 190) and prospective (n = 103) cohorts, respectively. Using handcrafted and CNN methods, 107 and 4,096 features were derived, respectively. Three handcrafted, four CNN-extracted, and three dosimetric features were selected. AUCs of training and test sets were 0.737 and 0.655 for the dosimetric features, 0.730 and 0.724 for handcrafted features, and 0.812 and 0.785 for CNN-extracted features, respectively. Precision-recall curves revealed that CNN-extracted features outperformed dosimetric and handcrafted features.
Conclusions: Prediction models may identify patients at high risk of developing RE. Dosiomics models outperformed the dosimetric-feature model in predicting RE. CNN-extracted features were more predictive but less interpretable than handcrafted features.
Lite General Network and MagFace CNN for Micro-Expression Spotting in Long Videos
Authors: Gu Quan-Lin , Yang Sai , Cao Pan , Yu Tianxing
Published: January 2023

Facial expressions, especially spontaneous micro-expressions, as an intuitive reflection of human emotions, have come through much concern along with rapid advances in computer vision recently. Micro-expressions are small in amplitude and short in duration and often appear together with macro-expressions, making micro-expression spotting in long videos as a challenging task. In this article, we propose intersection over minimum labelling method combined with a Lite General Network and MagFace CNN (LGNMNet) model to predict the possibility of video frames belonging to an micro-expression interval, which balances easy and difficult samples to improve the learning effect of training process. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in spotting micro-expressions in long videos of both the CAS(ME) 2 and SAMM-LV datasets (with F1-scores of 0.2474 and 0.2555, respectively). Additionally, a new pair-merge way of combining nearby detected apex frames to construct micro-expression intervals in post-processing stage has been devised and analysed, providing a feasible solution for the task of macro- and micro-spotting in long videos.
Stricter correction of lower extremity length is required during total hip arthroplasty in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Im Chae-Jin , Park Kyung-Soon , Beom Jae Young , Kim Min-Gwang , Yoon Taek-Rim
Published: January 2023

Background: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis often have fusions in the spine and sacroiliac joints, such that it is difficult to compensate for the difference in length of the lower extremities.
Methods: We retrospectively measured the difference in lower extremity length after total hip arthroplasty(THA) in 89 patients with ankylosing spondylitis from June 2004 to February 2021 at Our institute. Patients were divided into two groups based on a difference in lower extremity length of 5 mm or 10 mm. Clinical outcomes were investigated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Harris Hip Score (HHS). In addition, these points are investigated : patient satisfaction with the operation; whether there was a current difference in leg length; and whether there was a limping gait.
Results: The group with a leg length difference of 5–10 mm rather than <5 mm had significantly worse WOMAC pain and stiffness. The survey revealed statistically significant differences in patient satisfaction with the operation, limping gait, and whether back pain had improved.
Conclusion: For patients with ankylosing spondylitis, reducing the difference in length of the lower extremities to <5 mm, which is more accurate than the current standard of <10 mm, may produce greater improvement in clinical outcomes after hip arthroplasty.
Genome Wide Association Studies of early fitness traits in Drosophila melanogaster unveil plasticity and decoupling of different aspects of phenotype
Authors: Zappala María Alejandra Petino , Mensch Julian , Carreira Valeria , Soto Ignacio , Fanara Juan José
Published: January 2023

Great efforts have been sustained to explain the relationships between genotype and phenotype for developmental fitness traits through the study of their genetic architecture. However, crucial aspects of functional architecture influencing the maintenance of genetic variability, and thus the capacity for evolutionary change, are still unexplored.
Here we performed Genome-wide Association Studies for phenotypic variability, plasticity and within-line canalization at two temperatures for Larval Developmental Time (LDT), Pupal Developmental Time (PDT), Larval Viability (LV), Pupal Viability (PV), and Pupal Height (PH) in lines derived from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. Results suggest changes in genetic networks linked to resource acquisition and allocation underlying variability for all traits. However, we found low genetic pleiotropy between traits and for different aspects of phenotype (means, plasticity, within-line canalization) within each trait. Their genetic bases were also temperature-specific: we found no variants showing an effect for the same trait at both temperatures. Moreover, a genetic decoupling between larval and pupal traits was confirmed, as there were no candidate variants significantly associated to phenotypic variability for the same trait across stages. We found evidence of genetic antagonistic pleiotropy for several loci affecting larval and pupal traits.
The high degree of modularity at various levels would allow for the independent evolution of distinct aspects of the phenotype in different environments and ontogenetic stages. This may explain why genetic variation for these adaptive traits is not extinguished in natural populations and may entail important implications regarding evolvability.
The role of transient elastography and novel serum biomarkers in assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis and rheumatic disease
Authors: Wong Christina Sze Man , Mak Loey Lung Yi , Chung Ho Yi , Chung Man Ho , Ng Ling Ling , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Cheung Ka Shing , Yeung Chi Keung , Yuen Man Fung , Chan Henry Hin Lee
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide are commonly used among patients with psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are implicated in hepatotoxicity. We aimed to determine the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis and its risk factors in patients with psoriasis and RA. We also explored the role of novel serum biomarkers to identify significant liver fibrosis in these patients.MethodsA total of 318 patients attending dermatology-rheumatology clinics in Queen Mary Hospital, with clinical diagnosis of psoriasis or RA were recruited from August 2020 to July 2022. Liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography (TE) and serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis, namely autotaxin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), were measured. Risk factors associated with significant liver fibrosis (defined as liver stiffness [LS] ≥7.1kPa) were analyzed by multivariate regression models.ResultsA total of 67 (21.1%) patients with psoriasis or RA had significant liver fibrosis. Body mass index (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.04-1.24), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.25-2.98) and PASI (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.05-1.27), but not cumulative dosage (CD) of MTX or leflunomide, were independently associated with significant liver fibrosis (all p<0.01). Serum MMP 3,8,9 and autotaxin levels were significantly higher among patients with advanced liver fibrosis (LS≥14 kPa). Serum autotaxin showed modest correlation with LS (r=0.31, p=0.026) and CD of MTX (r=0.30, p<0.001).ConclusionSignificant liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis and RA is related to the underlying metabolic risk factors and independent of MTX and leflunomide CD. Minimising hepatic risks by tight control of metabolic risk factors should be considered.
Analysis of factors influencing college students' online class anxiety in the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Huang Hai-Yi , Li Qin-Fang , Chen Jia-Shen , Wu Yu-Qian , Huang Dan-Yi , Zhong Ying-Ting , Pan Hai-yan , Pan Congcong
Published: January 2023

Objective: This research analyzed the current anxiety situation and its influencing factors of online home classes among college students in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. The study aims to prevent psychological disorders and improve the efficiency of college students online classes.
Methods: We developed a questionnaire on the factors affecting anxiety in online classes for college students. A total of 225 college students participated in the survey. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results : The anxiety score of college students was (97.19 ± 18.60). Factor analysis on the 25 questions in the questionnaire according to the KMO statistic 0.904 and Bartlett's spherical test (p < 0.05). Six common factors: epidemic (13. 914%), online course model (12.601%), the external environment (11.397%), psychological factors (10.477%), pedagogical factors (7.716%), and self-adjustment factors (7.404%), with a cumulative contribution of 63.51%. On this basis, the total scores of factor analysis by K-means cluster analysis and four types of college students with different degrees of online course anxiety, normal (6.13%), mild anxiety (28.30%), moderate anxiety (45.75%), severe anxiety (19.81%).
Conclusions： College students have mild to moderate anxiety in home-based online classes. Male, first-year, and non-medical students are more likely to have anxiety. Factor analysis and cluster analysis can summarize the main influencing factors of college students' online class anxiety, which can provide a practical reference for alleviating college students' online class anxiety and then taking measures.
Experience and future perspective of artificial intelligence (AI) in postoperative gastric cancer treatment recommendation: a retrospective, observational, cross-validation study with multidisciplinary team board
Authors: Park Yong-Eun , Chae Hyundong
Published: January 2023

Background: Recently, owing to significant growth in the amount of information produced by cancer research, staying abreast of the developments has become a challenging task. Artificial intelligence (AI) can learn, reason, and understand the enormous corpus of literature available to the scientific community. However, large-scale cross-validation studies comparing the recommendations of AI and multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) in gastric cancer treatment have rarely been performed. Therefore, we retrospectively conducted a real-world study to assess the level of concordance between AI and MTB treatment recommendations.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the treatment recommendations of Watson for Oncology (WFO) and MTB for 322 patients with gastric cancer from January 2015 to December 2018 and compared the degree of agreement between them. The patients were divided into concordance and non-concordance groups. The factors affecting the concordance rate were analyzed.
Results: The concordance rate between AI and MTB was 86.96% at consideration level (280/322). The concordance rate for stage I gastric cancer was the highest (96.93 %). The concordance rates for stages II and III were 88.89% and 90.91%, respectively, which were close to 90%; however, the concordance rate for stage IV was the lowest at 45.83%. In the multivariate analysis, age, performance status, and stage IV gastric cancer had a significant effect on concordance between MTB and WFO.
Conclusions: The factors affecting the concordance rate were age, performance status, and stage IV gastric cancer. For increasing the validity of future medical AI systems for gastric cancer treatment, their supplementation of the local guidelines and the ability to comprehensively understand individual patients is essential.
Determinants of Women heads non-farm participation in Western Ethiopia; Empirical Evidence in Horo Guduru Wollega zone
Authors: Dufera Wakuma , Bedemo Amsalu , Kebede Temesgen
Published: January 2023

Women have an important role in business participation that has a great impact on improving households’ livelihoods. The main objective of this study was to describe factors determining women's non-farm participation in non-farm activities. In order to identify the determining factor of women’s participation in non -agricultural activities, an English questionnaire was translated into Afan Oromo in a way that respondents and data collectors could understand. For analyzing the data, the researcher used the binary logit model, and the result of the study shows that the determinants of women's participation in non-agricultural activities were age, family size, household property ownership, land size, non-farm training, lack of access to credit, membership in Idir, women's participation in local community affairs, and distance from the market location. Among these determinant variables, land size, family size, and distance from market location negatively influence women's participation, while the rest positively influence women's participation in non-agricultural activities. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors such as society's backward attitude toward women and women's low participation in education have been identified as major issues. Accordingly, the study recommended that the government, NGOs, and various religious leaders work together to minimize the socio-economic impact on women, and the women's and children's affairs office in the study area should work with the university researchers to identify the problems faced by women.
Physical activity and health during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic
Authors:   , Wilke Jan
Published: January 2023

Many countries have restricted public life during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As related measures limited the access to sports facilities, this dissertation aimed (1) to examine changes in physical activity (PA) and well-being in affected countries, and (2) to determine the effectiveness of a digital home exercise program in this context. Part 1 (PA/well-being) of the dissertation was a digital survey administered in 14 countries. Participants reported a 41 - 42% reduction of PA (NPAQ-SF) during restrictions (n=13,503 valid responses). Compliance with international PA guidelines decreased by nearly 19%. Mental well-being declined substantially (n=14,975 responses; 68.1 to 51.9 points on the WHO5 index) and the proportion of individuals at risk of depression tripled (14.2% to 45.2%). Physical well-being (SF-36 Pain) decreased slightly (85.8% to 81.3%). About two thirds (68.1%) of the respondents reported being interested in digital home exercise. For Part 2 (digital home exercise) of the dissertation, an international multicenter randomized, controlled trial was performed allocating healthy adults (n=763; 33±12 years) to an intervention (IG) or control (CG) group. In contrast to the CG, the IG was offered live-streamed home exercise for four weeks. Subsequently, both groups had access to pre-recorded workouts for another four weeks. Outcomes were measured weekly using validated questionnaires. Mixed-models data analyses revealed an up to 1.65-fold (95% CI: 1.4-1.94; week 1) increase of PA relative to the CG. Moreover, small improvements in exercise motivation (SKK scale), psychological well-being (WHO-5 index), sleep quality (MOS Sleep Scale), and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 Scale) were observed for IG. The results of this dissertation suggest that public life restrictions associated with the pandemic had significant adverse effects on movement behavior and well-being. Digital home exercise can help to maintain and/or increase health- beneficial PA and well-being and may hence represent a supportive element of viral containment efforts.
Staged Surgical Treatment of Patients with Destructive Pulmonary Tuberculosis with pre-XDR Using Anterior Mediastinal Plasty
Authors: Tarasov R. V. , Krasnikova E. V. , Lepekha L. N. , Sadovnikova S. S. , Bagirov M. A.
Published: January 2023

The presented observation describes an example of effective treatment of the patient with disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with preXDR. The treatment included staged surgery using the original method of anterior mediastinum plasty with a mesh implant.

The treatment resulted in the following outcomes: stabilization of the tuberculous disease, persistent sputum conversion, minimization of overdistension of the only lung, absence of mediastinal pulmonary hernia and no deterioration of respiratory function.
Pauli crystal melting in shaken optical traps
Authors: Xiang Jiabing , Molignini Paolo , Büttner Miriam , Lode Axel U. J.
Published: January 2023

Pauli crystals are ordered geometric structures that emerge in
trapped noninteracting fermionic systems due to their underlying Pauli
repulsion. The deformation of Pauli crystals - often called melting -
has been recently observed in experiments, but the mechanism that leads
to it remains unclear. We address this question by studying the melting
dynamics of N=6N=6
fermions as a function of periodic driving and experimental
imperfections in the trap (anisotropy and anharmonicity) by employing a
combination of numerical simulations and Floquet theory. Surprisingly,
we reveal that the melting of Pauli crystals is not simply a direct
consequence of an increase in system energy, but is instead related to
the trap geometry and the population of the Floquet modes. We show that
the melting is absent in traps without imperfections and triggered only
by a sufficiently large shaking amplitude in traps with
imperfections.
The Alternative of Sensor Placement in Multi-Story Buildings through the Metric Dimension Approach: A Representation of Generalized Petersen Graphs
Authors: Asmiati Asmiati , Junaidi Akmal , Aldino Ahmad Ari , Munandar Arif
Published: January 2023

In a public facility or private office where many people can get together, a fire detection device is a mandatory tool as an emergency alarm in the facility. However, the expense of the installation of the device is a troublesome matter. So, optimization is needed to minimize the number of these devices. The way to implement is to select the appropriate position to place the devices in public facilities. The research discussed the placement of the sensors in multi-story buildings. The multi-story buildings could be represented as cube composition graphs with the number of rooms, and the connectivity between the floor and its rooms was equal. The concept of this multi-story building was modeled into a generalized Petersen graph where a vertex represented a room, and an edge was the connectivity of rooms. The basis obtained on that metric dimension was represented as a sensor placed on the building. Then, the optimization of device placement was seen as determining the metric dimensions of the Petersen graph. In the research, the alternative sensor placements were computed using the graph metric dimension approach implemented in Python. The research successfully implements the metric dimension of  to  using Python code to obtain the alternative of its basis. A basic alternative indicates the location of the device placement like fire detectors, network access points, or other sensors inside a building.
Comparison of Adaptive Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing and Recurrent Neural Network Model for Forecasting Rainfall in Malang City
Authors: Aini Novi Nur , Iriany Atiek , Nugroho Waego Hadi , Wibowo Faddli Lindra
Published: January 2023

Rainfall forecast is necessary for many aspects of regional management. Prediction of rainfall is useful for reducing negative impacts caused by the intensity of rainfall, such as landslides, floods, and storms. Hence, a rainfall forecast with good accuracy is needed. Many rainfall forecasting models have been developed, including the adaptive Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) method. The research aimed to compare the result of forecasting between the Holt-Winters adaptive exponential smoothing method and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) method. The data were monthly rainfall data in Malang City from January 1983 to December 2019 obtained from a website. Then, the data were divided into training data and testing data. Training data consisted of rainfall data in Malang City from January 1983 to December 2017. Meanwhile, the testing data were rainfall data in Malang City from January 2018 to December 2019. The comparison result was assessed based on the values of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The result reveals that the RNN method has better RMSE and MAPE values, namely RMSE values of 0,377 and MAPE values of 1,596, than the Holt-Winter Adaptive Exponential Smoothing method with RMSE values of 0,500 and MAPE values of 0,620. It can be concluded that the non-linear model has better forecasting than the linear model. Therefore, the RNN model can be used in modeling and forecasting trend and seasonal time series.
Real-time water quality detection based on fluctuation feature analysis with the LSTM model
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Dong Huilin , Cao Yuqi , Hou Dibo , Zhang Guangxin
Published: January 2023

Signal analysis and anomaly detection for water pollution early warning systems are important and necessary. In view of the nonlinear and volatile characteristics of water quality time series, this paper proposes a new method for water anomaly detection based on fluctuation feature analysis. The method has two steps. First, the water quality time series data are used to calculate the residuals between the observed value and the predicted value with the long short-term memory (LSTM) network. Second, the dynamic features are extracted by sliding time window and described by the Approximate Entropy (ApEn) which are input to the anomaly detection model with Isolation Forest. Compared with traditional anomaly detection methods, the results obtained by the proposed method show better performance in distinguishing water quality anomalies. The proposed method can be applied to real-time water quality anomaly detection and early warning.
Quality monitoring of inland water bodies using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Sherjah P. Y. , Sajikumar N. , Nowshaja P. T.
Published: January 2023

Regular quality monitoring of inland water bodies is vital for identifying the areas with deteriorating water quality. Satellite remote sensing has been used for obtaining long-term trends that require the processing of many images. The computational load of processing a large number of satellite imageries can be eased by utilizing the cloud computing capabilities of Google Earth Engine (GEE). The present study explores the possibility of using the GEE platform for mapping the Trophic State Index (TSI) of an inland water body. The bottom of atmosphere (BOA) reflectance retrieved by the SIAC algorithm (used in the GEE platform) is assessed for its accuracy. The algorithm could retrieve only BOA reflectance at bands B3 and B4 of Sentinel 2L1C (S2) with reasonable accuracy. The study has identified the Normalized Difference of B3 and B4 bands of S2 (i.e., ND34) as the tool for mapping TSI of a water body using GEE. TSI from six imageries of three lakes was estimated with a mean error <17%. The capability of GEE as a rapid water quality monitoring tool is demonstrated by displaying the temporal and spatial variations of water quality across Vembanad Lake for the period 2016–2021.
Apparent temperature as a modelling substitute for evapotranspiration: Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sivapragasam Chandrasekaran , Natarajan Narayanan , Prabavathy Irulraj , Ragasudha Dommati
Published: January 2023

Estimating evapotranspiration is very important in calculating crop water requirements. The Penman–Montieth (P–M) method is the most commonly used. This study is an attempt to simplify the P–M application using apparent temperature (AT) as a substitute for meteorological parameters. Genetic programming (GP) was used to model paddy crop evapotranspiration for six stations in Tamil Nadu, India, with two input sets. In one the inputs were mean temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and antecedent evapotranspiration. In the other model, the input was AT, an agglomeration of meteorological parameters and antecedent evapotranspiration. The GP model, using AT, proved capable of predicting evapotranspiration better than the P–M-based model, indicating that AT reflects the effects of other meteorological parameters and can be used in estimating evapotranspiration. Like any other data-driven technique, the training dataset in GP should include the lowest and highest modelling parameter values, if the model developed is to be robust.
Cyclophosphamide versus Ifosfamide: "To Use Ifosfamide or Not to Use, That is the Three-Dimensional Question"
Authors: Wainer I. W. , Williams M. L.
Published: January 2023

lfosfamide and cyclophosphamide are alkylating agents that are extensively used in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, the continued use of ifosfamide has been questioned with the suggestion that cyclophosphamide be used exclusively. One response to this proposal is based upon the fact that both cyclophosphamide and isfosfamide are chiral and are administered as racemic (50:50) mixtures of the two isomers. Studies of the clinical pharmacology, metabolism and disposition of these agents indicate that stereochemistry plays a minor role in the efficacy and toxicity of cyclophosphamide but is a major factor in neurotoxicity associated with ifosfamide administration. Studies have demonstrated that the use of a single ifosfamide enantiomer, (R)-ifosfamide would retain the unique antitumor efficacy of this agent, while eliminating the major source of the observed ifosfamide-associated neurotoxicity, (S)-ifosfamide.
Interferons and Their Role in Inflammation
Authors: Tilg Herbert , Kaser Arthur
Published: January 2023

Cytokines are pleiotropic molecules showing a wide variety of biologic functions on various cells and tissues, and several different cytokines exert similar and overlapping functions on certain cells. Interferons (IFNs), among the first cytokines identified, play a crucial role in human disease. The IFN cytokine family consists of type I IFNs (IFN-a and IFN- ) and type II IFN (IFN-y). In the first decades of IFN research, type I IFNs were considered primarily as viral inhibitors,
whereas type II IFN, also termed "immune IFN", was generally considered to be uniquely involved in immune reactions. This view has changed considerably in the last years. The importance of type I IFNs in inflammation, immunoregulation and T-cell responses has been identified and has changed dramatically our interpretation of the biological relevance of type I and II IFNs. Recent data suggest that IFN-a is a multifunctional immunomodulatory cytokine with profound effects on the cytokine cascade including several anti-inflammatory properties, whereas IFN-y remains a classical proinflammatory cytokine. These different effects on critical mediators of inflammation may also explain why type I and II IFNs are clinically successful in different diseases. These newly identified immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory functions of type I IFNs may be of importance in the treatment of diseases such as chronic viral hepatitis or multiple sclerosis and help to explain some of the mechanisms of IFNs.
SHV-Type β-Lactamases
Authors: Tzouvelekis Leonidas S. , Bonomo Robert A.
Published: January 2023

The group of plasmid-mediated SHY β-lactamases includes SHY-1 and at least twenty-three variants, most of which possess extended-spectrum (ES) activity against the newer broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Their likely ancestor is a chromosomal penicillinase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. SHY enzymes belong to the molecular class A of serine β-lactamases and share extensive functional and structural similarity with TEM β-lactamases. The three-dimensional structure of the SHY-1 β-lactamase
possesses an active site wider than that ofTEM-1 β-lactamase by 0.7 to 1.2 A. This results in subtle, yet
important, differences in the positioning of critical active-site residues. SHY-1 β-lactamase behaves as a typical penicillinase hydrolyzing penicillins and early generation cephalosporins. SHY-1 β-lactamase has spread, via plasmids, to virtually all enterobacterial species but is encountered mostly in K. pneumoniae. ES SHY β-lactamases are found with increasing frequency in K. pneumoniae and other enterobacterial isolates and are now considered the most prevalent ES-lactamases. These ES SHY β-lactamases confer a wide spectrum of resistance to -lactams, including the new generation cephalosporins and monobactams, and are usually encoded by self-transmissible multi-resistant plasmids that are highly mobile. Extension of the hydrolytic spectrum of ES SHY enzymes to include oximino-β-lactams is seen as a result of substitutions of critical amino acid residues that alter the properties of the active site. These mutational changes, however, result in diminished hydrolytic activity against penicillins and an increased susceptibility to mechanism-based inhibitors. Understanding the substrate evolution, properties and modes of spread of these clinically important β-lactamases can help in formulating effective antibiotic policies and developing new antimicrobial agents.
Regulation of Inducible AmpC Beta-Lactamase Expression Among Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Hanson N.D. , Sanders C.C.
Published: January 2023

AmpC B-lactamases are active-site serine enzymes that are primarily cephalosporinases. In many gram negative organisms, including Enterobactn spp.,Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the expression of chromosomal ampC genes is low but inducible in response to B-lactams and other stimuli. The current working model for
AmpC induction requires exposure of bacterial cells to B-lactam drugs or other stimuli and is linked to the cell wall recycling pathway. Induction of ampC appears to involve several gene products associated with this pathway. These gene products include AmpR, AmpD, and AmpG. In addition, anhydro forms of cell wall precursor muropeptides are believed to act as cofactors for AmpC induction. These cofactors bind to the DNA binding protein, AmpR, and define the role of AmpR as activator. Recent debate has ensued in the literature as to the identification of the precursor muropeptide involved in the activation process. Two candidate muropeptides include 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (anhydro-MurNAc-tripeptide) and anhydro-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid- D-Ala-D-Ala (pentapeptide). The intent of this review is to address the general mechanism involved in AmpC induction. In doing so, the genes and gene products required for the process of AmpC induction are described. In addition, we review the data addressing cell wall recycling as it relates to AmpC induction.