bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress and Coping Mechanism among Nurses Working at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital Nepal during Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Chapagain Sita
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nurses at the frontline of caring for COVID-19 patients are sure to face frequent experiences of mental health challenges. Hence they need special supportive coping strategies to control and reduce their stress.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify level of stress and coping mechanisms used to deal with stress among nurses at Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022. A total of 300 nurses were selected by using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College and IRC Registration Number 505/2021. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered in MS Excel and statistical analysis were processed by the SPSS Version 23. Chi-square test was used to show the association between variables.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that out of 300 nurses 91.7% nurses reported moderate and 5.3% reported high level of stress and 92% of nurses used moderate level of coping strategies and only 3.3% of nurses used high level of coping strategies to reduce perceived stress. There was statistically significant association of stress in nurses with marital status, duty schedule and monthly income. Likewise, there was a significant association between living condition of the nurses and coping strategies.

Conclusion: The research finding showed all working nurses having some level of stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Moreover, about 96% nurses having moderate or high level of stress and in contrast they were also following moderate level of coping strategies. However, they need high level of coping strategies to overcome the persisting stress level.
Enhancing collaborative learning through peer-assisted learning
Authors: Bhat Neeti , Gurung Sanyukta , Gupta Mudit , Dhungana Nisha , Thapa Roshan Kumar
Published: August 2023

Peer-assisted learning involves students (peer tutors) facilitating small collaborative study groups composed of peer tutees. In a session, learning content is revised through a range of activities that encourage discussion, clarification, elucidation, and evaluation. Peer-assisted learning promotes greater sense of belonging to the academic community. Along with cognitive and psychomotor development, affective components such as an increase in self-esteem, self direction, analytical thinking, self-evaluation, and peer cooperation are also developed. Having similar roles, a similar knowledge base, and similar learning experiences all contribute to social cognitive congruence, which allows for informal and empathic communication and facilitates the creation of a learning environment that encourages an open exchange of ideas and personal concerns of students. An increasing number of medical students are enrolling in medical school worldwide, there are fewer resources available for teaching them, and there is a persistent push for economy and cost-effectiveness where many students can actively learn in a classroom setting. These factors all contribute to a growing interest in peer-assisted learning in the medical field worldwide. Despite empirical evidence pushing for institutions to adopt peer-assisted learning, it is an underutilized tool in Nepal. It is the goal of this review to provide an overview of peer-assisted learning, its underlying theories, benefits and pitfalls, and how it can be implemented.
Effect of yoga on female hormones in peri-menopausal women
Authors: Khadka Rita , Paudel Bishnu Hari , Lamsal Madhab , Shrestha Nikesh , Regmi Mohan Chandra , Chhetri Sailaja , Karki Prahlad
Published: August 2023

Background : One of risk factors for increased rate of cardiovascular diseases and development of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal/postmenopausal women is reduced estrogen production. Yoga practice improved menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Whether yoga practice had effect on estrogen in perinomopausal/postmenopausal women was not known. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of yoga on female hormones; estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in perimenopausal women.
Methods : The study included 60 perimenopausal women, grouped into yoga (n=30, age 44±2.64 years) and control (n=30, age 46±5.09 years) groups. The yoga group practiced meditation, pranayama and few simple asanas for 40 min/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. The control group did not practice any kinds of exercise. Levels of female hormones were assessed in all subjects at the beginning of the study and after four weeks of the study, and compared statistically. Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study.
Results : Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), Heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate were comparable between the groups at the beginning of the study. Hormones LH and FSH showed no significant changes within and between group comparisons. Serum estrogen [11.95 (5.05-41.32) vs 24.47 (12.54-64.90) pg/ml, p=0.036] and progesterone [0.24 (0.10-1.02) vs 2.0 (0.25-9.73) ng/ml, p=0.012] increased in yoga group after yoga practice in within group comparisons, whereas, the control group showed no changes.
Conclusion : Estrogen and progesterone levels increased in perimenopausal women after four weeks of yoga practice, whereas, LH and FSH showed no changes. It reveals that yoga practice can have cardio protective effects in perimenopausal women.
Listening to Linda Griffiths: Heeding to the Archives of an Emblematic Voice in Canadian Theatre
Authors: Attrell Amanda
Published: August 2023

Linda Griffiths, actor and playwright, was a charismatic and vital presence within Canadian theatre from the early 1970s, writing and performing until her untimely death in 2014. She worked in theatres across Canada all the while maintaining her dedication to her home, Theatre Passe Muraille, creating award-winning pieces that were also audience hits. This article presents and employs an archival methodology that the author calls listening to Linda. In the first part of this piece, the author makes key historiographical interventions in Canadian theatre history based on her recognition of (and attentive listening to) Griffiths’s own historiographical intervention, made via her self-created and deliberately preserved archival record as well as her published autobiographical writing and interviews. Research into the Linda Griffiths fonds sheds new light on the early years of her career (1971–75) that have yet to be discussed in existing studies and rectifies misrepresentations of her story, repositioning her in the field of Canadian theatre. This methodology also sheds new light upon the analysis of her plays. In the case of O.D. on Paradise, by returning attention to this overlooked text the author discovered a multifaceted moment within Griffiths’s growth as a playwright which intertwines with the play’s historical importance. Research into Alien Creature: A Visitation from Gwendolyn MacEwen revivifies the scholarly discussion on this well-known auto/biographical piece by perceiving Griffiths’s voice within her archive and in performance as insisting Canadian women artists be heard, believing in the lasting power of their work. Therefore, by listening to this creator’s voice within her self-curated archive, the author’s methodology enables a shifting of knowledge regarding Griffiths’s contributions to Canadian theatre, the remembering of lost histories, and the lasting effects of performance.
Piercing the Veil: Metatheatrical Utterances in the Stratford Festival’s 2022 Hamlet
Authors: Trotter Marie
Published: August 2023

This article uses the Stratford Festival’s 2022 production of Hamlet, directed by Peter Pasyk and starring Amaka Umeh, to examine the performance conditions which shaped the play’s metatheatrical speech acts and subsequent audience responses. Building on J.L. Austin’s theory of speech acts and recent work by Stephen Purcell on Shakespearean metatheatricality, this article demonstrates spontaneous audience responses within the Stratford Hamlet as essential to the co-creation of the performance. This performance analysis also proposes new theoretical language for how metatheatrical speech acts provoke responses in a thrust-stage performance space such as Stratford’s Festival Theatre.
Rainbow Antimagic Coloring pada Graf Hasil Operasi Join pada Graf Broom
Authors: Retnowardani Dwi Agustin , Septory Brian Juned , Dliou Kamal , Wulandari Audia Dwi Retno
Published: August 2023

Misalkan  adalah graf terhubung dengan himpunan titik  dan himpunan sisi . Fungsi bijektif  dari  ke himpunan  adalah pelabelan titik graf . Fungsi bijektif  disebut rainbow antimagic labeling jika untuk setiap dua sisi  dan  dalam lintasan , dengan  dan . Rainbow antimagic coloring adalah pewarnaan graf  dengan rainbow antimagic labeling. Jadi, setiap rainbow antimagic labeling merupakan pewarnaan pelangi graf  dengan bobot sisi  adalah warna sisi .  Rainbow antimagic connection number pada graf  adalah jumlah warna terkecil dari semua rainbow antimagic coloring graf , dinotasikan dengan . Pada penelitian ini, dipelajari rainbow antimagic coloring dan mendapatkan nilai rainbow antimagic connection number graf hasil operasi join .
Increased Fasting Plasma Glucose and Breast Cancer Risk in Sudanese Women: Association with Premenopausal Status and High Body Mass Index
Authors: Ali Osman Hiba Mahgoub , Faggad Areeg Saad
Published: August 2023

Background: Female breast cancer is the most common cancer in Sudan, however little data is available about breast cancer in Sudanese. We aimed to assess whether fasting glucose and insulin levels are associated with the risk of having breast cancer in Sudanese women.Methods: This study was conducted at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Sudan. A total of 174 females were enrolled, the patient group included 77 newly diagnosed untreated breast cancer women and a control group of 97 healthy women. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected to measure fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Results: The fasting plasma glucose level was significantly increased in the breast cancer patients (101.94±2.94 mg/dL) than the controls (90.75±2.02 mg/dL), p=0.002. Overweight-obese and premenopausal breast cancer patient’s subgroups revealed significant elevation of fasting glucose levels (105.35±4.06 mg/dL); (99.64±4.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (89.44±2.62 mg/dL), p=0.001; and (86.38±2.44 mg/dL), p=0.007 respectively. Only in the non-obese patients the insulin level was significantly lower (3.76±0.40 µU/ml) than in the control (6.11±1.00 µU/ml) p=0.034. The patient group was more likely to have 2.5 times higher fasting glucose level than the control (p=0.005). Moreover, the overweight-obese and premenopausal breast cancer patients subgroups were more likely to have 4.4 times and 4.5 times respectively elevated fasting blood glucose level, both with p=0.002. The non-obese breast cancer patients were tended to have 4.3 times decreased insulin level (p=0.019). Conclusion: The elevated fasting plasma glucose levels are associated with high risk of breast cancer in Sudanese women especially in the premenopausal individuals and those having BMI more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Consequently, adjusting blood glucose level and controlling body weight by changing the lifestyle are suggested to reduce the risk of breast cancer in Sudanese women.
Importance of Multi-disciplinary Tumor Boards during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic in a Resource Constrained Country
Authors: Velu Umesh , Shetty Preethi S , M Godkhindi Vishwapriya
Published: August 2023

Background: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTB) are an integral part of cancer management. However, owing to COVID 19 global pandemic it becomes a challenge to have a MDTBs maintaining the social distance norms. Objectives: To assess the technical challenges faced during a virtual tumor board (VTB) discussion Advantages and Disadvantages of a VTBs. Methods: Technical support for various group meetings taking place virtually were considered. Various trials which have assessed the technical difficulties for conducting such a meeting were assessed. The advantages and disadvantages for using various platforms of social media for such a virtual meeting were assessed and various feedbacks and reviews were taken into consideration. Results: VTBs can be implemented either by a video conferencing or web based conferencing. High speed internet connections of 4 mbps for a 30fps at 4k monitor would be required for smooth lag free interaction. The processors should have a minimum of 2 GB of RAM with quad core processor. Platforms which offer the ability for digital signatures are of paramount importance. Having a VTBs during a global pandemic is of paramount importance for a cancer patient. Conclusion: VTBs are very important for management of cancer patients during a global pandemic. We in our paper have tried to summarize the technical support need for such a platform and also have tried to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such a platform. We would also like to conclude that setting up such a virtual platform is not technically challenging and can be implemented in smaller centers even through a mobile phone connection. VTBs should be implemented in all cancer centers during a pandemic when in person meetings are a challenge and a health risk.
The Effectiveness of PAlliative Split COurse RAdiotherapy (PASCORA) Regimen in Non-metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Patients who are Treated with Palliative Intent- A Retrospective Single Centre Study
Authors: Velu Umesh , Shetty Preethi S , Singh Anshul , Salins Shirley , Sharan Krishna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: We at our centre practice a PAlliative Split COurse RAdiotherapy (PASCORA) of 22.5Gy in 5 fractions followed by a gap of 4 weeks and then again repeat 22.5Gy in 5 fractions for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with a palliative intent. Aim was t0 assess the symptomatic relief at 3 months following PASCORA regimen. Materials & Methods: 49 Patients with LAHNSCC between January 2014 to January 2021, planned for PASCORA regimen were evaluated. Symptomatic relief was assessed on an objective scale. OS was determined using Kaplan Meir survival curves. Results: Median age was 61 years, multiple comorbidities (37%) were the most commonly documented reason for these patients being treated with a palliative intent. 25% of our patients had an excellent symptomatic relief, 26% of our patients had a good symptomatic relief and 31% had a partial relief. Median OS was 38 months in patients who had an excellent symptomatic relief and 3-8 months in patients with no or partial symptomatic relief ( p value=0.000) 6% of our patients had Grade 3 /4 RTOG toxicity. Conclusion: PASCORA regimen offers a good symptomatic relief with good local control rates and acceptable level of toxicity and comparable OS.
A Preliminary Investigation on the Possibility of Developing a Cancer Vaccine Using Snake Venom Components
Authors: Wong Ken H , Sexton Darren W , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Hasson Sidgi S
Published: August 2023

Cancer is a global health concern and is still the leading cause of death worldwide, with 10 million deaths caused, so far, by the disease in 2020. Although there are treatments to treat some cancers and save lives, these treatments do have drawbacks and can cause side effects. Although various anticancer remedies have been discovered using natural products in the past, none of them went into clinical trials. Scientists still looking for alternative agents, within animal products. Recently venom is gaining attention for its anticancer activities. Objective: The present study, therefore, aimed to address the theoretical possibility that people bitten by venomous snakes may also develop prophylaxis, i.e., natural immunity, against cancer. And whether snake venom can be used as a vaccine due to their similarities with potential cancer antigens or not. Method: An immunoinformatic analysis was performed by correlating potential snake venom components’ amino sequence data with different cancer antigens. Results: Initially, our findings showed that while developed countries have low snakebite rates, they also demonstrated high cancer rates, in contrast to that developing countries, where they have high snakebite rates but low cancer rates. In terms of the immunoinformatic approach, ten cancer antigens have various similarities with five snake venom components. While the amino acid sequence alignment demonstrates similarities below 40%, the antigenicity index scores were found to be high. We predict that an immune system activated in snakebite victims may elicit an immune response against similar epitopes expressed on cancer cells. Hence, victims of snake bites may gain natural immunity against cancer. Conclusion: This study reports that non-lethal snakebites may play a vital role in protecting individuals from developing cancer in the future. Although it is a pilot study, such a concept and findings will open doors for future work to address this finding.
From Modern to Feudal
Authors: Brusadelli Federico
Published: August 2023

Using a special issue of the Chinese journal Gaizao published in 1921 as a starting point, this article intends to trace some conceptual articulations of federalism (lianbang) and self-government (zizhi) promoted by intellectuals and activists in early twentieth-century China. The analysis will show how Chinese federalists shaped their arguments through a series of historical and philosophical references, translating a prevalently “Western” concept into Chinese discourse, at the same time transplanting it into the traditional political debate and traditional historical narrative. Part of the argument will also be concerned with the identification of the conceptual reasons behind the failure of federal projects in China especially at the turning point of the mid-1920s, as the “modern” federal blueprint eventually fell under the category of “feudalism” and “warlordism,” thus deteriorating into an “anti-modern” nemesis.
For the Environment, Against Bureaucracy
Authors: Pettersson Martin
Published: August 2023

The relationship between economic activity and environmental protection was hotly debated in Finland in the 1980s. Contemporaries conceived of themselves as existing on the verge of a knowledge society, and when rhetorically presenting contesting economic and ecological futures for this novel society, they used new, short-lived concepts. This article argues that one such concept, soft values, highlights a clash between futures. In one possible future, environmental equilibrium was a new model for economic activity, while in another, environmental protection would take place as a result of the current economic model. The former was quickly synchronized into the latter. Soft values were thus used to harmonize environmental protection with notions of efficiency and national competitiveness under a linear temporality based on a belief in the necessity of economic growth.
ПИТАННЯ СОБОРНОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ У ПОГЛЯДАХ ІЛЛІ ШРАГА
Authors: Француз А.Й.
Published: August 2023

У статті здійснюється аналіз поглядів визначного українського  адвоката, політика і громадського діяча Іллі Шрага на питання соборності українських земель в контексті суспільно-політичних процесів в українських землях у другій половині ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. Зазначається, що погляди діяча на питання соборності особливо яскраво проявилися в кінці ХІХ століття у процесі детального вивчення ним української історії, традицій та культури. Глибоке дослідження українського національно-визвольного руху дало можливість вченому встановити особливості державотворення у різних частинах українських земель, довести спільність українського народу та обґрунтувати необхідність його об'єднання у межах єдиної держави. Наголошується, що з метою поглибленого пізнання традицій українського державотворення, він ініціював тісну співпрацю між вченими Галичини і Наддніпрянщини, налагоджував тісні взаємини з учасниками національно-визвольного руху. Підкреслюється, що під час перебування у Галичині діяч відзначив потужний розвиток української преси, українського представництва в австрійському парламенті та суттєвий поступ у питанні української мови. Проводячи паралелі з Наддніпрянською Україною він зазначав, що й тут подібні питання не втрачають актуальності серед українського населення. І. Шраг переконував, що належне поширення і укріплення соборницьких ідей у суспільстві можливе тільки за умови об'єднання національно свідомих представників українського визвольного руху в усіх частинах українських земель та їх активної співпраці на ниві вирішення українського питання. Зазначається, що важливим виразником єдності та самоідентифікації українського народу діяч вважав українську мову. Вчений різко засуджував політику імперської влади щодо тотальної русифікації. На його переконання, кожен народ, який проживав у різних частинах держави, мав право на використання своєї рідної мови і дотримання власних традицій. І. Шраг наголошував, що українська мова має потужну літературну і наукову основу і є важливим чинником формування свідомості та світогляду людини. Завдяки належному використанню української мови може бути забезпечено єдність і цілісність українського народу.
ЗАХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ
Authors: Француз А.Й.
Published: August 2023

Наукова стаття присвячена питанню західноєвропейського досвіду становлення та розвитку місцевого самоврядування визначає історичні особливості місцевого самоврядування у західних країнах. Крім того, стаття містить аналіз громадівської теорії місцевого самоврядування, як синтезуючої між правом англо-американської та континентальної правової системи. У науковій статті проаналізовано положення про місцеве самоврядування конституцій переважної більшості сучасних держав, зокрема проаналізовано конституцію Республіки Болгарія, де закріплено муніципалітет, у якому реалізується місцеве самоврядування, а громадяни беруть участь в управлінні громадою через виборні органи місцевого самоврядування, а також безпосередньо через референдум і загальні збори населення. Досліджено низку конституційних принципів зарубіжних країн, принципи суспільного й державного ладу, які записані в початкових частинах основних законів, щодо демократії та верховенства народу, визнання, охорони й захисту прав та свобод громадян. Визначено ступінь конституційного регулювання питань місцевого управління й самоврядування в різних державах. Констатовано, що у одних країнах конституції можуть досить детально регулювати місцеве самоврядування, а у інших лише згадувати про нього або взагалі не розглядати питання, залишаючи регулювання місцевого самоврядування. Досліджено конституційне регулювання місцевого самоврядування у конституції Федеративної Республіки Німеччини, яка закріплює, що «у землях, округах та громадах народ має представництво, яке встановлюється в результаті загальних, прямих, вільних, рівних і таємних виборів». Разом з тим, розглянуто Конституцію Індії, яка практично лише до 1992 р. передбачала, що держава вживає заходів для організації сільських пачаятів (представницьких органів, сформованих на рівні села) і надає їм повноваження, необхідні для їх функціонування. На основі відповідного дослідження шляхом використання моделей місцевого самоврядування різних країн здійснено аналіз становлення та розвитку місцевого самоврядування.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПРИМУСОВОГО ВИКОНАННЯ СУДОВИХ РІШЕНЬ В ЗАРУБІЖНИХ КРАЇНАХ
Authors: Корольова В.В. , Іщенко Д.Ю.
Published: August 2023

В межах цієї наукової статті здійснено огляд розвитку систем, що забезпечують виконання боржниками своїх грошових зобов’язань. Здійснено огляд таких систем від найдавніших епох (Вавилон) до сучасного українського регулювання. Розглянуто питання позбавлення волі за невиконання боргових зобов’язань та вказано, що лише у середині XX століття людство дійшло до того, що вирішило на рівні міжнародного права заборонити позбавлення волі за такі дії боржника. Досліджено, що особи, уповноважені на вчинення примусових дій щодо стягнення боргів, існували у Римській імперії. Проаналізовано розвиток судових виконавців у Нідерландах від часів середньовіччя до сучасності. Вказано на великий вплив законодавства Франції на розвиток системи виконання судових рішень у Нідерландах. У роботі зазначається про ризики для життя і здоров’я судових виконавців у часи середньовіччя на території сучасних Нідерландів, а також вказано на законодавчий захист судових виконавців у тогочасній Франції. Зазначено, що в сучасній Україні передбачено кримінально-правовий захист державних та приватних виконавців. Досліджено, які риси примусового виконання рішень у попередні епохи знайшли своє відображення у наші часи. В українському законодавстві тривалий час існувала норма про надання боржнику часу на самостійне виконання судового рішення, як і в середньовіччі на території Нідерландів. Як і тоді, так і зараз боржник може запропонувати майно, на яке слід звернути стягнення. Описано процедуру примусового продажу майна та порівняно її із сучасною процедурою. Специфіка примусового продажу майна на аукціоні 500 років тому обумовлена тогочасними реаліями: оголошення про продаж майна здійснювалися у церкві та на базарі, а сам процес продажу тривав, поки горіла свічка, а надалі угоду затверджував суд. Єдине, що залишилося незмінним до сьогодні – це принцип, за якого покупцем майна ставав той, хто запропонує на аукціоні найвищу ціну. У статті йдеться про також про інші функції, які виконували судові виконавці у минулі часи. Також вказано, що і нині у правових актах Ради Європи щодо примусового виконання рішень зазначено про можливість покладення на судових виконавців виконання інших функцій.
ПРОБЛЕМА ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ У ВИБОРЧОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Authors: Француз А.Й. , Степаненко Н.В. , Шевченко А.Є.
Published: August 2023

У запропонованої статті автори продовжують розгляд питання  штучного інтелекту щодо захисту  прав  і свобод людини під час  виборчого процесу. Встановлено, що використання технологій штучного інтелекту спрямовано на захищат  прав  людини на гідність як основне та основоположне право особи, споконвічне для всіх інших прав і свобод, а порушення будь-яких прав таким чином можна вважати порушенням права до людської гідності.  
Обгрунтовано, що виникнення загроз правам людини в тій чи іншій формі при використанні штучного інтелекту потребує пошуку шляхів подолання ризиків і загроз правам людини та належного функціонування правозахисного та правовідновлювального механізму.  
У роботі грунтовано висвітлено вплив штучного інтелекту на реалізацію виборчого права в Україні та зарубіжних країнах. Використано система наукових методів досліджень і алгоритмів обробки інформації, що здійснюють суттєвий вплив на реалізацію прав і свобод людини і громадянина в Україні. Проаналізовано сучасний стан правового  забезпечення прав та свобод людини в Україні, встановлено нормативні документи, які потребують доопрацювання. Доведено, що під особливою загрозою внаслідок впливу штучного інтелекту виявилися наступні права  та свободи, зокрема свобода вираження поглядів, право на свободу пересування, право на свободу і чесні вибори, право на справедливий суд, право на повагу до приватного та сімейного життя. Відзначено, що Україна не стоїть осторонь процесів удосконалення правового регулювання технологій штучного інтелекту та виражає прагнення зайняти значний сегмент світового ринку технологій штучного інтелекту, провідні позиції у міжнародних рейтингах. Очікується, що технології штучного інтелекту сприятимуть трансформації економіки, ринку праці, державних інституцій та суспільства загалом. Їх застосування надасть можливість зменшити обсяги витрат і підвищити ефективність виробництва, якість товарів та послуг. Доведено, що згідно з преамбулою до «Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод»  від 20 березня 1952 р., основні права та свободи людини найкраще забезпечуються «через ефективну політичну демократію».  
Проаналізовано статті Міжнародного пакту про громадянські та політичні права, де кожен громадянин без будь-якої дискримінації та без необґрунтованих обмежень повинен мати право і можливість брати участь у державних справах як безпосередньо, так і через обраних представників.  
Доведено що процес голосування та процес автоматичного підрахунку голосів забезпечується виключно за допомогою електронних пристроїв та спеціального програмного забезпечення.
Assessment of the use of photosynthetically active radiation by soybean on irrigated lands in Rostov region
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Masnyi Roman S. , Balakay Georgiy T. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Babichev Alexandr N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Selitskiy Sergey A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: assessment of the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by soybeans while using the improved cultivation technology on irrigated lands in Rostov region. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on irrigated lands at Bessergenevskoe Agricultural Enterprise LLC in 2019–2021. The laying of field experiments on soybean crops, recording and observations were carried out according to the methods of VNIIMK and All-Union Scientific Research Institute of soybean. In the experiments, the following soybean varieties were sown: SK Optima, SK Riana, Selecta 201, Selecta 302, SK Veda. The method of A. A. Nichiporovich was used to calculate the use of PAR. Indicators of solar radiation were determined according to the data of the meteorological station in Gigant. Results. As a result of the research, the indicators necessary for calculating the capacity utilization (CU, an analogue of Efficiency) of the PAR under the conditions of Rostov region were specified: the duration of the soybean vegetation and total solar radiation for this period, the core product yield and the by-products biomass, the ratio of soybean seed yield to by-products, energy value of the core product and by-products. It has been found that the level of seed yield of soybean varieties on average for three years of research varies within the range of 3.96–4.66 t/ha, the maximum indicator was obtained for the cultivar SK Riana. Conclusions. The studies allowed determining the total mass of soybean plants, including the core product: the seed yield of the studied soybean varieties is from 3.96 to 4.66 t/ha, and of the by-product is from 4.79 to 5.64 t/ha absolutely dry mass with a ratio of 1:1.21, the energy content of the core and by-products and calculating the utilization capacity of the total radiation Kfar. Calculations showed that the Kfar soybean utilization factors depend on the total solar radiation received and the mass of the substance synthesized by soybean plants and reach 1.43 and 1.48 % for the cultivars SK Optima and SK Veda, respectively (this characterizes the crops of these varieties as ordinary) and 1.61; 1.62 and 1.67 % for cultivars Selecta 201, Selecta 302 and SK Riana, respectively (this characterizes the crops of these varieties as good).
Mudflow protection structure load calculation
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Sidaravichute Uliana R. , Sukharev Denis V. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose: to explore the territory of the alpine-climatic resort “Alpika-Service” in the North-Western Caucasus near the village of Esto-Sadok, Krasnopolyansky settlement district of Adler region of Sochi in field conditions for dangerous geological processes; on the basis of the conducted field survey of the territory, to determine the zones of mudflow accumulation, to assess the state of the existing mudflow protection structures; to make the necessary calculations of the mudflow in the program for designing flexible engineering protection systems DEBFLOW and to propose measures to stabilize the situation on this basis. Methods and materials. In the course of research, the types of mudflow protection structures were described, it was determined that, according to climatic zoning, the site belongs to subarea III B1. The morphometric parameters of mudflows were determined by sampling and field surveys. On the basis of the DEBFLOW software, the calculation of the load on each designed barrier was carried out. Results: three mudflow basins were found on the territory of the facility, which, during prolonged heavy rains and snowmelt, form mudflows causing damage to Olympic infrastructure facilities, including the Aibga-2 cable car and engineering protection facilities, a technological road, an antenna-mast building no. 2, a pedestrian crossing of the Alpika-Service alpine-climatic resort. Conclusions. On the basis of field surveys, it was determined that the existing mudflow protection facilities are not enough to ensure the complete safety of the Olympic facilities and adjacent buildings. According to the calculations, the recommendations to stabilize the situation, namely along the Sulimovsky stream were given: installation of flexible mudflow protection barriers, placement of a network of catch drains and implementation of erosion-control measures.
Justification of hydraulic calculation methods for irrigation canals
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Baev Oleg A.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: justification of the applicability of various methods of hydraulic calculations of irrigation canals of land reclamation systems. It is recommended to use five types of hydraulic tasks allowing determining the following main parameters of irrigation canals for each type: conveying capacity (first type), canal slope (second type), roughness coefficient (third type), water flow depth (fourth type), cross-section dimensions of the irrigation canal (fifth type). Materials and methods. The well-known classical methods and dependences of N. N. Pavlovsky, B. A. Bakhmetev, R. R. Chugaev, A. A. Agroskin, Shezi and other scientists were taken as a basis during the research. Results. Methods for determining the main hydraulic characteristics of irrigation canals, including: canal discharge and slope and roughness coefficient are considered. These methods allow making calculations by the selection and graphical methods. The fifth type of problems is a series of independent solutions, where the effective width also calculated graphically is used. An analysis of the calculation results shows that for problems of the first type, the Chezy coefficients and hydraulic discharge decrease with an increase in the channel roughness coefficient values. Based on the calculated data obtained, canal discharge change chart depending on the roughness coefficient of the channel was constructed. Conclusions. The conditions for application of various methods of hydraulic calculation of irrigation canals were determined based on the results of the research. The values of the roughness coefficients of irrigation canals in impervious lining – concrete monolithic and reinforced concrete from prefabricated slabs are given. Summary calculation results for six different examples are presented.
Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Pengetahuan Pendidikan Seks Pada Anak Kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Ambarawa
Authors: Chrisanti Natalia Zeva , Soesilo Tritjahjo Danny , Windrawanto Yustinus
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel pola asuh orang tua dengan variabel pemahaman pengetahuan pendidikan seks pada siswa kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Ambarawa. Dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari satu variabel bebas (X) adalah pola asuh orang tua dan variabel terikat (Y) adalah pengetahuan pendidikan seks.Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian korelasional dengan populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Ambarawa sebanyak 216 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 134 siswa.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket/kuisioner menggunakan teknik analisis data CoefficientÂ  ContingencyÂ  berbantuan program IBM Statistic SPSS 23.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara variabel Pola Asuh (X) dengan variabel pengetahuan pendidikan seks (Y)Â  diperoleh signifikansiÂ  sebesar 0,038 < 0,05 dengan koefisien korelasi yang menunjukan angka 8,405** . Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh dengan pengetahuan pendidikan seks pada anak kelas 8 di SMP Negeri 1 Ambarawa.
Studi Tentang Tugas Perkembangan Siswa dalam Program Layanan Dasar Bimbingan dan Konseling di SMP Negeri 3 Bringin Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Putri Christina Arinda , Tagela Umbu , Windrawanto Yustinus
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah program layanan dasar bimbingan dan konseling di SMP Negeri 3 Bringin sudah mengakomodasi semua konsep tugas perkembangan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari satu Kepala Sekolah dan dua Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa hanya beberapa aspek tugas perkembangan siswa yang terakomodasi dalam layanan dasar bimbingan konseling. Aspek tersebut adalah (1) landasan hidup religius, (2) landasan perilaku etis, (3)Â  kesadaran gender, dan (4) kematangan hubungan teman sebaya, dan (5) wawasan dan kesiapan karier. Sementara aspek perkembangan siswa yang belum terakomodasi dalam layanan dasar adalah (1) kematangan emosi, (2) kematangan intelektual, (3) kesadaran tanggungjawab sosial, (4) kesadaran gender, dan (5) perilaku kewirausahaan (kemandirian perilaku ekonomis).
Panduan Konseling Kelompok Behavioral Teknik Modeling untuk Meningkatkan Minat Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa
Authors: Sari Eva Kartika Wulan
Published: August 2023

This study aims to develop a group counseling guide for behavioral modeling techniques to increase student entrepreneurial interest because unemployment is the biggest problem faced nationally so the importance of Guidance and Counseling for students can be carried out in order to maximize entrepreneurial potential and minimize unemployment rate that is being faced by the nation. Indonesia prioritizes students from Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This type of development uses the ADDIE model which is still in the Develop stage or developing the design to become a finished product. The research instruments included a needs questionnaire, an interview guide, a student entrepreneurial interest scale, an assessment format for group counseling guidelines, and behavioral modeling techniques. There are three stages in assessing the validity and reliability of this behavioral modeling technique group counseling guide: testing the validity of Guidance and Counseling material experts, testing the validity of Guidance and Counseling media experts, and testing the validity of entrepreneurship experts. The expert validity assessment shows that the development of a guide to preparing students for entrepreneurship using group counseling behavioral modeling techniques shows that it is appropriate, functional, and easy to use.
Iberoamerica: from the “generation of crisis” to the “generation of pandemic”
Authors: Ermolieva Eleonora
Published: August 2023

According to statistics, at least 2/3 of the population of the Iberoamerican countries are young people under the age of 29-30. Today this generation with different social status, ethnic origins, different levels of education and professional training is facing ever greater life difficulties. Many young people are deprived of the employment opportunities, due to the unemployment, which has become a consequence of the pandemic, youth poverty rates are growing, and the number of NEET group who are “Not in Education, neither in Employment, or Training” is increasing. The article aims to identify the common and particular challenges of the young generation in Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. The author aims to show how the Iberoamerican situation coincides with the global trend or differs from it. Particular attention is paid to government’s attempts on both sides of the Atlantic to mitigate the plight of the "Covid generation", and the efforts to prevent the risks of growing frustration and disappointment among young people. The results of sociological surveys allow to get the opinion of young Latin Americans, Spaniards and Portuguese about the public policies effectiveness (or limitations) aimed at the needs of the Iberoamerican youth.
Antimicrobial Activity of Natural and Synthetic Dyes Used in Leather Dyeing: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Akter Taslima , Sarker Shashanka Shekhar ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Sujan SMA ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Parveen Sahana ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh
Published: August 2023

Both natural and synthetic dyes have gained increasing attention in the leather dyeing process due to environmental and health considerations. This research was designed to determine and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of four natural dyes (Acacia catechu, Trema orientalis, Camellia sinensis, Swietenia macrophylla) with four synthetic dyes (brown BFR, brown NG, brown EDK, red G) to develop safer leather dyeing process. The above eight dyes were evaluated against eight prevalent pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and four fungi. Dyestuff from Acacia catechu, Trema orientalis, and Swietenia macrophylla was effective against the three Bacillus strains, and Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone extending from 6.3 mm to 11 mm. Synthetic dye brown BFR was effective against the three Bacillus strains, and Staphylococcus aureus with zone diameter of 14.8 mm to 19.7 mm. Brown EDK and Red G showed activity against Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus. Camellia sinensis and brown NG showed no antimicrobial efficacy. Also, all eight dyes showed no antifungal activity. For both types of dyes, the zone of inhibition increased approximately linearly as dye concentrations increased. Of the natural dyes, Acacia catechu showed the highest activity. Brown BFR showed the maximum zone diameter of the eight dyes tested. The results indicated that both natural and synthetic dyes were quite effective. Synthetic dyes had remarkable antibacterial properties compared to natural dyes. These dyes having antimicrobial activity can be used in a safer leather dyeing process.
Species of Malassezia associated with psoriatic patients
Authors: Al-Ammari Abbas M. M. , Al-Attraqhchi Azhar A. F. , Al-Jibouri Mona
Published: August 2023

Background: Malassezia spp. are lipophilic unipolar yeasts recognized as commensals of skin that may be pathogenic under certain conditions. Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are known to be members of the skin micro flora of human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease of unknown etiology, may be triggered by infections, including those due to fungi.Materials and methods: Twenty three patients with psoriasis were included in this study, who attended Al-Kadhumyia teaching hospital / Dermatology department, from the 30th of October 2010 to the 1st of April 2011. Fifteen (15) were males and eight (8)  were females, with the mean age of 44.61±14.65 years (ranging between 3months to 70 years old). The diagnosis was established by clinical examination done by consultant Dermatologist. The site of scraping were face, lower and upper limbs. Control included 14 apparently healthy individuals were randomly selected from entities,  primary and secondary schools in Al-Aubaidi city (10 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 26.83±15.68 years (ranging between 1-70 years old). Both groups were investigated for Malassezia spp., cultivation and identification of Malassezia spp. included Sabouraudَs dextrose agar with and without olive oil.Objectives: Although the role of Malassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is still not fully understood, it is thought that these lipophilic yeasts might be a trigger factor in the exacerbation of psoriatic lesions. Malassezia is associated with the  development of skin lesions in psoriasis because of the response of the scalp lesions in psoriasis to antifungal agents.
Results: Malassezia globosa had a high percentage overall Malassezia spp. with psoriatic patients (17.04%). According to gender, males had higher infection rate than females among psoriatic patients. psoriatic patients with age group of (41-50) years had a high percentage among others (56.60%). Oily skinned patients revealed psoriasis disease.
Conclusions: From these findings it was suggested that M. globosa reported a high percentage overall Malassezia spp. with psoriatic patients
Simulation of Gas Kick and Well Control Procedures
Authors: Yap Ren Yi , Laruccia Moacyr Bartholomeu
Published: August 2023

Kick refers to uninvited influx flow from the formation into the wellbore during drilling operation. Undesired event such as non-productive time (NPT) and blowout may occur if the engineers ignore the positive indications of kick. The well should be shut-in immediately and well control procedures should take place after the kick is detected. In this study, a base model has been created in the simulation software, Drillbench. Besides, two types of shut-in methods have been evaluated and studied to investigate the relationship of different shut-in methods affecting the volume of pit gain using the software. Both shut-in methods have been simulated in the case with water-based mud and oil-based mud. The results of the studies with the quantitative difference in term of the volume of pit gain between two methods is included in this paper.
جمع بین الاحادیث کی شرائط: امام طحاوی کا نقطہ نظر ،تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Authors: Ali Muhammad Waris , Habib Ahmad Raza ul
Published: August 2023

Some of the Hadiths seem to be contradictory with one another. That Contradiction of Ḥadīths is resolved through abrogation, tarjīḥ and conformity. This research paper aims to discuss and analyze only conformity among the contradictory ḥadiths. The conditions of the conformity are analyzed in the light of al-Taḥawī’s views. Descriptive and analytical method of research has been adopted to conduct the research. The examples have been extracted from the book of al-Taḥawī. Experts of Uloom-al-Hadith’s point of view has also been incorporated in the discussion. It can be concluded that al-Taḥawī has resolved the contradiction of hadiths through conformity in his books. He is agreed on some conditions of conformity with the scholars and disagreed on others.