bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaginal Microbial Environment Skews Macrophage Polarization and Contributes to Cervical Cancer Development
Authors: Zhou Guannan , Zhou Fangyue , Gu Yuanyuan , Zhang Menglei , Zhang Ganrong , Shen Fang , Hua Keqin , Ding Jingxin
Published: August 2022

As a common female reproductive system malignancy, cervical cancer (CC) disturbs numerous women’s health. This study demonstrates the role of the vaginal microbial environment (Peptostreptococcus anaerobius) in cervical cancer. Functional assays, including cell proliferation assay, tube formation assay, and immunofluorescence staining, revealed the effect of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-treated macrophages on cell proliferation and the angiogenesis process. The tube formation assay disclosed the function of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-treated macrophages on angiogenesis. In vivo assays were also established to explore the impact of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-treated macrophages on tumor migration. The results revealed that Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced macrophages boosted cervical cancer migration and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Then, this study unveiled that Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced macrophage secreted VEGF to stimulate the angiogenesis in cervical cancer. As a whole, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced macrophage facilitates cervical cancer development through modulation of VEGF expression.
Prognostic Value of Albumin-to-Fibrinogen Ratio for 28-Day Mortality among Patients with Sepsis from Various Infection Sites
Authors: Li Shuai , Shen Yawei , Chang Bowen , Wang Nan
Published: August 2022

Purpose. This study investigated the prognostic value of the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) in patients with sepsis as a consequence of infection at various sites. Methods. A total of 300 patients with sepsis caused by various infection sites, who met the diagnostic criteria for sepsis hospitalized in the intensive care unit, were enrolled in this study. The observational endpoint was 28-day mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the potential prognostic factors for 28-day mortality in these septic patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate and compare the prognostic factors for 28-day mortality. Results. Of 300 participants, 147 died, corresponding to a 28-day mortality of 49% (147/300). Baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.30);

P
<
0.001

), baseline lactic acid level (HR 1.27 (95% CI 1.08–1.50);

P
=
0.005

), the presence of septic shock (HR 21.44 (95% CI 2.51–182.76);

P
=
0.005

), and baseline AFR (HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.62–0.80);

P
<
0.001

) were independent prognostic factors for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis according to multivariate Cox analysis. Baseline AFR was an effective predictor of 28-day mortality, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.700, and a specificity and sensitivity of 90.8% and 42.1%, respectively. A low baseline AFR level was associated with increased 28-day sepsis-related mortality. The quadruple index, which included the APACHE II score, lactic acid, septic shock, and AFR, showed a more accurate predictive value for septic patients than the APACHE II score, lactic acid, septic shock, and AFR alone, with an AUC of 0.922, and specificity and sensitivity of 86.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Moreover, the triple index, which included the APACHE II score, lactic acid, and septic shock, showed a significantly lower prognostic value for 28-day mortality compared with the ROC curve of the quadruple index and triple index, with an AUC of 0.877 and specificity and sensitivity of 77.8% and 82.3%, respectively. Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate that AFR is an independent protective factor for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis due to various infection sites. AFR combined with the APACHE II score, lactic acid, and septic shock showed a higher prognostic value for sepsis prognosis.
[Retracted] The Construct and Interpretation of Chelated Coordination Polymers and Their Use in Nanomaterials Research
Authors: Abbas Omran Khalida
Published: August 2022

Presently, an important step from basic research to practical applications is synthesizing nanostructured materials. Metal‐organic structures, as well as coordination polymers, are a diverse group of materials with a wide range of potential and properties applications. It has been difficult to get these materials into commercial use because of many drawbacks. Polymers containing chelated units are described and assessed for their advancements and problems in preparation, properties, and structure. Here, a proposed approach based on designing coordination polymeric materials with chelated units using the metal‐ligand approach (CPM‐CU‐MA) has been introduced for a columnar‐layered plan, supramolecular components, and building levels. Nanocomposite materials can be formed through the thermal transformation of coordination polymers based on donor atoms. The polymeric metal chelates (PMCs) are categorized according to luminescent coordination polymer (LCoP) development. It is classified as macrocyclic intracomplex, polynuclear, and molecular according to its macrostructure. Supramolecular networks (SMNs) can be transformed into a coordination polymer by introducing cyclo‐dehydrogenation of natural building blocks on a surface. The structure‐property connections of LCPs can influence a framework of liquid crystal display (LCP) that has been given based on LC phase modulators with a large modulation depth and has useful applications in LC lens. In the spatial organization of PMCs, the main focus is on the commonalities and contrasts between higher‐ and lower‐molecular‐weight chelates based on molecularly imprinted sensors (MISs) and nanomaterial sensors for a wide range of uses. New functional nanoparticles based on the molecular components have exciting potential, as demonstrated by these findings based on parameters risk factors for human health, hazards reduction in the environment, lack of cost‐effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and bioavailability of polymers with an overall performance of 95.3%.
N-Acetylcysteine and Other Sulfur-Donors as a Preventative and Adjunct Therapy for COVID-19
Authors: du Preez Heidi N , Aldous Colleen , Kruger Hendrik G , Johnson Lin
Published: August 2022

The airway epithelial glycocalyx plays an important role in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry into the epithelial cells, while the endothelial glycocalyx contributes to vascular permeability and tone, as well as modulating immune, inflammatory, and coagulation responses. With ample evidence in the scientific literature that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to epithelial and endothelial dysfunction, preserving the glycocalyx should be the main focus of any COVID-19 treatment protocol. The most studied functional unit of the glycocalyx is the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, where the degree and position of the sulfate groups determine the biological activity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and other sulfur donors contribute to the inorganic sulfate pool, the rate-limiting molecule in sulfation. NAC is not only a precursor to glutathione but also converts to hydrogen sulfide, inorganic sulfate, taurine, Coenzyme A, and albumin. By optimising inorganic sulfate availability, and therefore sulfation, it is proposed that COVID-19 can be prevented or at least most of the symptoms attenuated. A comprehensive COVID-19 treatment protocol is needed to preserve the glycocalyx in both the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The use of NAC at a dosage of 600 mg bid for the prevention of COVID-19 is proposed, but a higher dosage of NAC (1200 mg bid) should be administered upon the first onset of symptoms. In the severe to critically ill, it is advised that IV NAC should be administered immediately upon hospital admission, and in the late stage of the disease, IV sodium thiosulfate should be considered. Doxycycline as a protease inhibitor will prevent shedding and further degradation of the glycocalyx.
Efficacy and Safety of Modified Yupingfeng Nasal Spray in Controlling the Recurrence of Persistent and Moderate-Severe Allergic Rhinitis: Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, and Parallel-Arm Trial
Authors: Liu Ting , Lu Bing-Qing , Wang Dan-Dan , Liao Chao , Chiang Han-Jen , Zhang Rong , Xi Yuan , Tian Li
Published: August 2022

Background. Recurrent episode of allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the leading illnesses that affects patients. However, there is little research evidence to support pharmacotherapy for AR recurrence. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in the control of the recurrence of AR. Methods. In this study, a multicenter, open-label, randomized, and parallel-arm trial will be conducted at three study centers. A total of 190 subjects aged 18–65 with persistent and moderate-severe AR (Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome) will be randomly assigned to receive the modified Yupingfeng nasal spray or mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray. When subjects’ rhinitis control assessment test (RCAT) score is >21 for two weeks, they will stop taking the medication and enter the follow-up. Once a relapse occurs, the time point will be recorded, and the follow-up stops. The primary outcome is the six-month recurrence rate of AR after intervention withdrawal. The secondary outcomes are the one-month recurrence rate of AR, the RCAT score, the duration of follow-up, the duration of medication, the nasal endoscopic results, and questionnaires to evaluate symptoms, signs, and quality of life. The mechanism outcomes include some indicators that may be associated with AR recurrence. In addition, electrocardiograms and other safety indicators will be applied to evaluate the drug’s safety. Discussion. This is the first study to explore the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine nasal spray on AR from the perspective of controlling recurrence. The results of this trial may provide valuable clinical evidence for controlling the recurrence of this disease by pharmacotherapy. Trial Registration. This study was registered with registration number ChiCTR2100047053 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=127432 on June 7, 2021).
Computing Topological Indices and Polynomials of the Rhenium Trioxide
Authors: Imran Shahid , Raza Muhammad Mudassar , Nigar Niat , Kirmani Syed Ajaz K. , Petros Fikre Bogale
Published: August 2022

In the study of mathematical chemistry and chemical graph theory, a topological index, also known as a connectivity index, is the arithmetical framework of a graph that specifies its topology and also graph invariant. These topological indices are used to model quantitative structure relationships (QSARs), which are connections between the work of biological or other molecular structures and the chemical structures. This study computed the first, second, and Hyper Zagreb indices, as well as Zagreb polynomials, Redefined Zagreb indices, Randic index, ABC index, and GA index of chemical structure of Rhenium Trioxide.
Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Other Potential Application of Aquatic and Semiaquatic Medicinal Plants
Authors: Arya Ashish Kumar , Durgapal Medha , Bachheti Arachna , Deepti  , Joshi Kamal Kant , Gonfa Yilma H. , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Husen Azamal
Published: August 2022

Medicinal plants have been treating various ailments and diseases since ancient times. Aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants play an essential role in human welfare to fulfill their daily needs. They have shown biological, pharmacological, nutraceutical, and commercial applications. This review aims to collect and update all recent information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and nanoparticle synthesis and their uses in aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants. Original research papers, review papers, short communications, and book chapters on aquatic and semiaquatic plants have been retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords, ethnomedicinal studies, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and nanoparticle synthesis from aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants are used for the search. Different aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants belonging to the families Acanthaceae, Alismataceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Lythraceae, Marsileaceae, Menyanthaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Onagraceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Pontederiaceae, Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Zingiberaceae have been studied. They are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, dietary fiber, glycosidic derivatives, carbohydrates, and proteins. These phytochemicals have been used for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, sedative, anticonvulsant, cytotoxic, antiparasitic, and antidiabetic activities. Besides this, various parts of the plants are used as dietary supplements and green nanoparticle synthesis. These plants are also known for their commercial value and are used as an ingredient in some pharmaceutical industries.
A Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem for Instant Delivery Based on Memetic Algorithm
Authors: Cui Shuxian , Sun Qian , Zhang Qian
Published: August 2022

Instant delivery is an intermediary bridge for same-city O2O services and an important part of urban short-distance logistics. The route planning and scheduling of instant delivery need to balance cost and customer satisfaction and consider the impact of traffic conditions on the distribution process. In this paper, we propose a vehicle routing problem model considering two types of customer time windows under time-dependent road networks and design a memetic algorithm combined with genetic algorithm and variable neighborhood search to solve the problem. By comparing the results of the different time periods and conducting sensitivity analysis for the two types of customer time windows, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified.
[Retracted] Layout Optimization Method of Public Service Facilities in Residential Quarters considering Time Distance
Authors: Li Ze , Ma Bo
Published: August 2022

The smooth and prompt integration of the general public into various economic, political, cultural, and other activities in contemporary society can be ensured by scientifically sound planning and the layout of public facilities in residential areas. An essential metric for assessing a nation’s citizens’ overall quality of life is the level of public service facility construction. The fundamental task of raising the standard of public service facilities is to elevate the spiritual civilization of the populace. A complex area with diverse socioeconomic and natural conditions is a residential area. This study examines the various modes of transportation used by residents in residential areas and divides the service offerings of public facilities in residential areas based on time and distance. The first step is to carry out optimization research on the design of public service facilities. The issue of public facility location planning in an area with obstacles is discussed. An improved algorithm model is created based on the algorithm principle after first discussing the research on the ant colony algorithm’s method for path planning in complex space. This article proposes a path planning technique based on an enhanced algorithm. First, the environment is divided using the grid method, and then experiments are run on grid maps of various scales to improve the updating pheromone mechanism algorithms for measuring the effectiveness of path planning techniques. According to the simulation results, the improved algorithm presented in this article has a high convergence speed in a complex environment and can find a workable solution in about 65 iterations as opposed to the ant colony algorithm’s need for about 80 iterations. Based on experiments, the algorithm proposed in this article has an average convergence speed of about 26 seconds, compared to an average convergence speed of about 35 seconds for the ant colony algorithm. It is clear that the algorithm suggested in this article has better work efficiency.
The Correlation and Copathogenesis of Coronary Aortic Sandwich and Renal Cysts
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Gong Liang , Wu Zhinan , Luo Xuefen
Published: August 2022

Objective. To determine the correlation for aortic occlusion and hydronephrosis and the pathogenesis of copathogenesis. Methods. A retrospective census was established to probe the correlation with renal cysts by gathering aortic coarctation details concerning generic symptoms, diabetes, and liver and kidney profiles from 244 hospitalized aortic clinographers from April 2014 to December 2021 (study category, SG category), 150 hypertensive clients with primary hypertension attending our institution in the same period (matched category, MG category), and 150 able-bodied volunteers (control category, CG category). Results. (1) Intercategory discrepancies in regard to aortic occlusion, diabetic malfunction, and kidney and liver abnormality were neither mutually nor predominantly measured (

P
>
0.05

); (2) 244 enrolled SG for aortic occlusion and 150 CG for aortic occlusion were categorized by whether or not aortic occlusion was manifested, and the correlation between maternal age, gender, diabetic malfunction, and kidney and liver abnormality and renal cysts was estimated. The correlation of clogged aorta was demonstrated by a multifactorial logistic regression with gender and the presence of renal cysts (

P
<
0.05

); (3) the correlation of clogged aorta was demonstrated by a multifactorial logistic regression with renal cysts as an independent risk factor for clogged aorta (95% CI: 1.028–10.291;

P
=
0.031

). Conclusion. As renal cysts are an autonomous risk of aortic coarctation, it is recommendable to strengthen clinical investigations such as monitoring of clinical blood pressures in kidney cyst recipients to assess their aortic function in order to evaluate their prognosis and minimize the prevalence of aortic coarctation.
Clinical Efficacy of Endoscopic Infratentorial Supracerebellar Approach for Pineal Region Tumors: A Retrospective Case‐Control Study
Authors: Zhu Yaozu , Li Zhengwei , Xiong Zhongwei , Zhang Tingbao , Chen Jincao
Published: August 2022

Tumors in the pineal region are deep, with complex surrounding anatomy, adjacent to important blood vessels and nerve structures, and surgical resection is difficult and risky. In this paper, we reviewed the literature to understand the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of pineal region tumors in the country and study the clinical indications, related problems, and successful experiences of patients with pineal region tumors treated by the transtentorial‐superior approach. The clinical data of 80 patients with pineal region tumors were selected as the retrospective research objects and divided into the control group and the treatment group, with 40 cases in each group, according to the random number table method. The control group was treated using the endoscopic transtentorial approach (Poppen approach), while the treatment group was treated with the endoscopic supratentorial approach (Krause approach). The inflammatory factors, inflammatory stress response, postoperative neurological dysfunction, clinical efficacy, and poor prognosis were observed and compared between the two groups. Tumor resection and recurrence were used to compare the clinical outcomes of tumors in the pineal region. The extent of surgical resection was 100% higher in both groups, and the treatment group was comparable to the control group. The prognosis of patients after the operation was poor. Nausea and vomiting, visual disturbance, upper vision paralysis, and ataxia in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). At the same time, the bone window can be reduced to reduce trauma and provide a certain reference for patients to choose a safe and complete resection method.
Real Estate Tax Base Assessment by Deep Learning Neural Network in the Context of the Digital Economy
Authors: Fu Qiao
Published: August 2022

With the continuous development of China’s digital economy and the continuous heating of the real estate market, real estate tax base assessment occupies an important position in the real estate market. The purpose is to improve the work efficiency of relevant personnel of real estate tax base assessment, reduce workload pressure, and improve the evaluation level. Real estate tax base assessment and real estate appraisal are studied in detail, and the factors of the real estate tax base assessment index are analyzed. Different real estate tax base assessment methods are compared, and the difference and connection between different methods are explored. The theory of batch assessment of real estate tax base is analyzed in depth, and the procedures for batch assessment implementation are summarized. On this basis, a deep learning neural network (DLNN) theory is proposed, and a real estate tax base assessment model based on DLNN is constructed. The reliability, accuracy, and relative superiority of the model are analyzed in detail, and the model is used to test the sample data and analyze the error. The results reveal that the DLNN model has better data fit and good reliability. Compared with other algorithms, it has certain advantages and smaller error values. In the sample test, the test value is closer to the actual value, the error is controllable, and it has high accuracy. Through training, it shows that the DL model has an excellent performance in tax base assessment, can meet the requirements of efficient batch assessment, and is expected to achieve the goal of completing a huge workload in a limited time and improve work efficiency. The real estate tax base assessment model by DLNN can bring some help to the real estate finance and taxation work and provide a reference for the batch assessment of tax base in the real estate industry.
Exosomal miR-221-3p Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Asthma Progression by Targeting FGF2 and Inhibiting the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Weike , Lin Hui , Nie Wuhui , Wan Jieting , Jiang Qian , Zhang Aimei
Published: August 2022

Exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play potential protective roles in asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. Herein, exosomes were isolated from BMSCs, and the morphology, particle size, and exosome marker proteins were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot, respectively. Then airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to construct a proliferation model and then incubated with BMSCs-derived exosomes. We found that exosome incubation increased miR-221-3p expression and inhibited proliferation, migration, and the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including fibronectin and collagen III. Moreover, FGF2 was identified as a target gene of miR-221-3p. FGF2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of exosomal miR-221-3p on ASMC progression. Besides, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is inhibited by exosomal miR-221-3p, which was reversed by FGF2 overexpression. And ERK1/2 signaling activator reversed the effects of exosomal miR-221-3p on ASMC progression. Additionally, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice model was established, and exosome treatment alleviated airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), histopathological damage, and ECM deposition in asthmatic mice. Taken together, our findings indicated that exosomal miR-221-3p derived from BMSCs inhibited FGF2 expression and the ERK1/2 signaling, thus attenuating proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition in ASMCs and alleviating asthma progression in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Our findings may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma.
From Iron Metabolism to Ferroptosis: Pathologic Changes in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Fan Xinbiao , Li Aolin , Yan Zhipeng , Geng Xiaofei , Lian Lu , Lv Hao , Gao Dongjie , Zhang Junping
Published: August 2022

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response and is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Iron is an essential mineral that participates in many physiological and biochemical reactions in the human body. Meanwhile, on the negative side, iron has an active redox capacity, which leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. There is growing evidence that disordered iron metabolism is involved in CHD’s pathological progression. And the result of disordered iron metabolism is associated with iron overload-induced programmed cell death, often called ferroptosis. That features iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis may play a crucial role in the development of CHD, and targeting ferroptosis may be a promising option for treating CHD. Here, we review the mechanisms of iron metabolism in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and explain the correlation between iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Meanwhile, we highlight the specific roles of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the main pathological progression of CHD.
Successful Treatment of a Patient with COVID-19-Induced Severe ARDS, Pneumothorax, and Pneumomediastinum with Awake vv-ECMO Implantation
Authors: Umlauf Julian , Eilenberger Stefanie , Spring Oliver
Published: August 2022

Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still a challenge for the staff on intensive-care units (ICU’s) around the world. Many of these patients are treated with invasive ventilation. Sometimes, the occurrence of pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum can complicate the course of the disease because initiation of invasive ventilation might be fatal in those patients. Venovenous extracorporal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) is increasingly used to prevent patients with severe ARDS from hypoxia. However, clear recommendations for or against the initiation of vv-ECMO in awake patients are currently lacking. We present the case of a 42-year-old patient with COVID-19-associated severe ARDS, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. To preserve sufficient oxygenation and to avoid invasive ventilation, we implanted a vv-ECMO while the patient was awake. The patient recovered and was discharged home 41 days after transfer to our hospital. We therefore suggest that awake implantation of vv-ECMO might be useful in a subgroup of patients with severe ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, further evidence is needed to verify our hypothesis.
Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) Protects Kidney from Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury via Regulation of TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Ying , Xiong Yanying , Li Huihui , Luo Yan , Zhang Ling , Zhang Qin , Xiong Weijian , Tu Haitao
Published: August 2022

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can mediate innate activation and inflammation, and it is typically expressed within the ischemic kidney. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) acts as an immunoregulator with a high expression in the kidney induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exogenous ALR has indicated a role in protecting the kidney from I/R injury. The protective effect of ALR is due to the immune regulatory function which remains to be elucidated. In this study, rats induced by renal I/R were treated with recombinant human ALR (rhALR) and demonstrated that the animals were protected from kidney I/R injury, implying that the rhALR-treated rats had less tubular damage than those untreated rats. Meanwhile, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, neutrophil (24 h) and macrophage (72 h) infiltration to tubulointerstitium, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased considerably in the rhALR-treated rats as compared to control. Additionally, rhALR could downregulate mRNA expression of TLR4 endogenous ligands and restrain its activation in renal I/R injury rats. It has also been proved that anti-rhALR antibody blocked the inhibition of rhALR of the immune inflammatory response in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. In rhALR+anti-rhALR antibody-intervened H/R cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was upregulated compared with the rhALR-treated cells. Taken together, rhALR could regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway to relieve inflammatory response, thereby protecting renal I/R injury, indicating that ALR is likely to be introduced to develop novel immune therapies for renal I/R injury.
Clinical Study of Airway Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Patients with Malignant Central Airway Obstruction
Authors: Xing Yuanyuan , Lv Xuedong , Zeng Daxiong , Jiang Junhong
Published: August 2022

Background. Airway stenting is a therapeutic option for malignant central airway obstructions (MCAO), including both intraluminal and extraluminal obstructions. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical features and results of long-term improved prognosis for MCAO patients after airway stent implantation. Methods. Ninety-eight MCAO patients who underwent stent placement in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2020 were included in this study. The data included baseline data, clinical characteristics, laboratory test data, stent implantation data, and treatment as well as survival after stent implantation. The survival rates among individuals were compared via log-rank tests. Potential prognostic factors were identified using multivariate cox hazard regression models. Results. A retrospective analysis of these patients was generated. MCAO was mainly caused by lung cancer (53/98, 54.08%), esophageal cancer (22/98, 22.45%), and thyroid cancer (3/98, 3.06%). The median survival time of participants was 5.5 months. Univariate analysis indicated that the survival rate was related to primary disease, ECOG PS score, stent site, hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (

P
<
0.05

). The cox risk regression model showed that the survival rate was significantly influenced by ECOG PS score (OR = 3.468, 95%CI = 1.426–8.432,

P
=
0.006

) and stent site (OR = 1.544, 95%CI = 1.057–2.255,

P
=
0.025

). Conclusions. Compared with the site of stent placement, the ECOG PS score is the primary factor in the survival rate of MCAO patients after airway stenting.
A Study of Methylene Blue Dye Interaction and Adsorption by Monolayer Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ederer Jakub , Ecorchard Petra , Slušná Michaela Šrámová , Tolasz Jakub , Smržová Darina , Lupínková Simona , Janoš Pavel
Published: August 2022

The graphene oxide (GO) interaction with methylene blue (MB) cationic dye was studied in an aqueous solution at different pH during MB adsorption. The mutual interaction of MB with GO surface was studied and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The π- π and electrostatic interaction of MB with GO surface are the main types of interactions, and the XRD data show the monomeric arrangement of MB cation with GO. The GO surface functional groups and point of zero charge (PZC) were determined by acid-base titration. Suitability of zeta-potential measurement and acid-base titration method was briefly discussed. The quality of prepared GO was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The experimental adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The GO maximum adsorption capacity increases with higher pH, that is ascribed to the facile interaction of negatively charged GO with positively charged MB structure.
Interfacial Behaviour of Shield Tunnel Segment Strengthened by Thin Plate at Inner Surface
Authors: Liu Dejun , Guo Yihao , Yao Xiaoyun
Published: August 2022

The strength and stiffness of a shield tunnel segment can be improved significantly by bonding a steel plate at its inner surface. In this kind of strengthened segment, interface debonding is usually the controlling failure mode, and it strongly depends on the interfacial stresses of the adhesive layer between the segment and the steel plate. To deepen the understanding of the interfacial behaviour, this study proposes a three-dimensional fine finite element (FE) model regarding the interfacial stresses. An existing full-scale experimental result is then employed to confirm the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed model. Further, the fine finite element model is used to calculate the interfacial stress distributions and to evaluate the structural parameters on the interfacial behaviour of the strengthened segment. A high concentration of interfacial stresses exists at the vicinity of the steel plate ends and the joints, which might result in premature failure at these locations. Both the normal and shear stresses at the interface are significantly influenced by the structural parameters. The findings in this study can provide guidance for the optimal design of strengthened shield segment that can prevent premature interfacial debonding.
[Retracted] The Status Quo of Criminal Responsibility for Aflatoxin Pollution in China: From the Perspective of Judgment Analysis
Authors: He Peipei , Yang Qiaoling , Wang Chenjing , Huang Ying
Published: August 2022

With the development of the economy, the food safety problems caused by aflatoxin have become increasingly prominent. With regard to the control of aflatoxin pollution, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of legal documents on food safety related to aflatoxin pollution, such as the formulation of industry standards for allowable limits of aflatoxin and various penalties for violators. Although these measures have achieved good results to some extent, there are still many legal problems. This study reviews the current situation of aflatoxin pollution control in food in China. The court judgment documents related to aflatoxin pollution from January 1st 2014 to January 1st 2020 are investigated to analyze the accountability status of aflatoxin pollution treatment in China. Furthermore, this study mainly cross verified the above problems by means of the literature survey and an organization interview and proposed solutions on the basis of in‐depth analysis of their causes. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to solve the problem of aflatoxin pollution accountability in China.
Blockchain Integrated with Principal Component Analysis: A Solution to Smart Security against Cyber-Attacks
Authors: Sanober Sumaya , Aldawsari Mohammed , Karimovna Abdurakhimova Dilora , Ofori Isaac
Published: August 2022

Digitalization of financial institutes, industries, and organizations to provide fast online services needs a large number of Internet connections and different types of networks. The presence of a large number of digital networks makes operational communication and data transfer vulnerable to different cyber-attacks. So, to secure the system, there must be a mechanism present to detect malicious activities and give an alarm to the operator/HMI. A numerous intrusion detection system is present in this era but still, the intruders get access to the network and create an economical loss. Blockchain is a new path to gain the trust in the cyber-security field. Researchers have been working on the term “blockchain technology” for the past few years. In a growing digital environment, blockchain is a novel technology that provides various advantages. This paper identifies and examines the possible way to enhance the blockchain capability by integrating with principal component analysis (PCA). The bad data are removed from the real-time data set and then pass through the blockchain mechanism to identify the threats. The results of the investigation and analysis demonstrate that, when compared to the traditional approach, the PCA integration with the blockchain method proposed in this paper may reduce detection time and boost detection rate.
Optimization and Analysis of  Raw Material Supply Chain Based on Computational Intelligence
Authors: Dong Yan
Published: August 2022

With the rapid economic growth and increasingly fierce market competition, the traditional manufacturing advantages have become a thing of the past. There are problems such as inaccurate procurement plans, large quantities of inventory sold out, chaotic procurement processes, and unclear inventory policies. Optimizing the procurement of basic raw materials will help reduce raw material costs. This paper analyzes some raw material supply chain processes through the Delphi method, Plato principle, and trend-adjusted exponential smoothing method and finds that the important factors for improving raw material supply include economic and technological environment, the realization of purchasing department functions, price stability, technical level, system management awareness, product qualification rate, quality inspection and testing, and problem handling timeliness. Financial situation, procurement efficiency, and cooperation compatibility are important factors for improving the supply of raw materials. By using key indicators to select strategic suppliers and computational intelligence to obtain the forecast value of raw material supply, the forecast error rate is within 9%, indicating that the forecast data are reliable and can be used as an auxiliary tool for raw material supply, thereby reducing risks. Under the corresponding conditions, the waste of raw materials can be reduced and the raw materials can be stored more reasonably. Using the Delphi method, Plato principle, and trend adjustment exponential smoothing method to analyze part of the raw material supply chain process brings benefits to the enterprise and finally achieves the standardization of the procurement process, the optimization of supplier groups, the sharing of procurement information, the supervision of procurement process, the reduction of purchasing costs, improvement of procurement intelligence, division of labor and performance assessment, and achievement of a win-win situation with suppliers.
IL-6 and Leptin Are Potential Biomarkers for Osteoporotic Fracture Risk Assessment and Prediction of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: A Follow-Up Study Using a Regional Sample Cohort
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhang Yili , Qi Baoyu , Sun Kai , Sun Chuanrui , Liu Ning , Fang Shengjie , Wei Xu , Xie Yanming , Zhu Liguo
Published: August 2022

Osteoporotic fracture, a major complication which is known as the outcome postmenopausal osteoporosis, seriously threatens the health of postmenopausal women. At present, the traditional osteoporotic fracture prediction methods are characterized by inconvenient application and time-consuming statistical results, while predictive serum biomarkers can make up for this shortcoming. Accurate and advanced risk prediction of osteoporotic fracture is meaningful to early prevention and intervention, effectively avoiding the risk of this disease and the secondary fracture in the surgical treatment. In this study, based on the BEYOND cohort, a 2-year follow-up study was conducted after subjects participated to survey if OF occurred. Independent sample

t

-test and Mann–Whitney

U

-test were used to analyze the differences of bone metabolism biomarkers between the OF and non-OF group. Cox proportional hazard model was used to screen the potential biomarkers might be used to predict OF risk. ROC curves and AUCs were used to analyze the predictive accuracy, and the Delong’s test was used to compare the differences between the AUCs. 15 postmenopausal women with low bone mass and OF were found, and other 60 subjects without OF were matched with 1 : 4, age, and BMI classification as control group. The serum IL-6 (

OR
=
1.139

,

95
%
CI
=
1.058
−
1.226

) and leptin (

OR
=
0.921

,

95
%
CI
=
0.848
−
1.000

) were found as OF risk predictive biomarkers for postmenopausal women with low bone mass with high accuracy (

IL
−
6
=
0.871

) (

leptin
=
0.813

) and accuracy enhanced when they were combined (

AUC
=
0.898

). The results of Delong’s test showed that the difference of AUC between leptin and IL-6&Leptin was meaningful (

P
=
0.024

) but meaningless between IL-6 and leptin (

P
=
0.436

), IL-6 and IL-6&Leptin (

P
=
0.606

). To sum up, IL-6 and leptin are the predictive biomarkers of OF for postmenopausal women with low bone mass. The IL-6 can improve the prediction accuracy of leptin (

P
=
0.024

), but not vice versa (

P
=
0.606

). Trial Information. Registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry already. (Registration Number: ChiCTR-SOC-17013090).
Wearable Sensor Data for Classification and Analysis of Functional Fitness Exercises Using Unsupervised Deep Learning Methodologies
Authors: Ajay P. , Huang Ruihang
Published: August 2022

Healthcare institutions, policymakers, and leaders around the world all agree that improving people’s health and livelihoods is our number one priority. Aging, disability, long-term care, and palliative care all pose significant challenges to the burden of illness and the health system. Wearable technology has a number of healthcare applications, from patient care to personal health. Wearable devices, sensors, mobile apps, and tracking technologies are essential for the diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, and treatment of chronic diseases. Create and test a method to automatically classify four functional fitness exercises commonly used in current circuit training routines. The proposed algorithm, fuzzy local feature C-means algorithm (FLFCM), enhanced with information-maximizing generative adversarial network, was used to locate five inertial measurement units on the upper and lower limbs, as well as the trunk, of fourteen participants (INFOGAN). The proposed method is suitable for this situation because it yields promising results.
Use of Eggshells as Bone Grafts around Commercially Pure Titanium Implant Screws Coated with Nano Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Kadhim Dher Riyadh , Hamad Thekra Ismael , Fatalla Abdalbseet A.
Published: August 2022

Background. Implant insertion in regions with poor bone quantity, such as the posterior maxilla, is potentially associated with an increased rate of implant failure. Calcium sulfate can be used as the coating material for commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and as the bone graft material around implants when bound to eggshell powder to enhance the bone quality and quantity of bone defect regions. This study performed a torque removal test to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshell powder as a bone substitute for filling bone defects around CpTi-coated implants coated with nanocrystalline calcium sulfate. Materials and Methods. Eighty screw implant designs were used in the tibiae of 20 white New Zealand rabbits. A total of uncoated 20 screws constituted the control group, and the remaining 60 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate nanoparticles were used as the experimental groups as follows: 20 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate were used alone in the tibiae without gaps around them, 20 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate were used with the gaps made around them and filled with eggshell powder as the bone graft material, and 20 screws coated with nano calcium sulfate were used with the gaps made around them left unfilled. Results. After 2 to 6 weeks of healing, a significant improvement in bone regeneration and an increase in torque removal values were observed when the bone defect around the CpTi implant coated with nano calcium sulfate was filled with eggshell powder as the bone substitute. Conclusions. Nano calcium sulfate particles applied through the dip-coating method can successfully work as the coating material of CpTi implants. These particles work in synergy with eggshell powder to act as the bone graft around the implants.
Effect of nHA-Coated Femoral Stem Prosthesis Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma in Hemi Hip Replacement of Femoral Neck Fracture in the Elderly
Authors: Yang Lu , Wu Dabin , Liu Tongsheng , Fang Guozheng
Published: August 2022

Purpose. This study investigated the efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite- (nHA-) coated biological prosthesis combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in hemi hip replacement of femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly. Methods. From September 2018 to September 2021, 102 elderly patients with FNF treated in our hospital were chosen and divided into two groups according to different intervention methods. Fifty-one patients in the bone cement group were treated with bone cement prosthesis, and the rest 51 patients in the observation group were treated with nHA biological prosthesis combined with PRP in hemi hip replacement. In order to explore the osteogenic effect of nHA and PRP, osteoblasts were cultured. Results. It was found that nHA and PRP could both effectively promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and improve their mineralization ability, especially when used in combination. In the course of clinical therapy, we found that the use of biological prosthesis combined with PRP could effectively reduce the level of serum procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide (PICP) and better improve the levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone Gla protein (BGP), so as to reduce the bone conversion rate and promote the formation of new bone around the prosthesis. In addition, no significant difference was found in intraoperative bleeding, operation time, hospital stay, 48 h drainage volume, partial weight-bearing time, and complete weight-bearing time between two groups. Otherwise, the use of biological prosthesis could effectively avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions such as bone cement crisis and fracture around femoral prosthesis, so as to better restore the hip function and improve patients’ life quality. Conclusions. Therefore, in hemi hip replacement of FNF in the elderly, nHA biological prosthesis combined with PRP can effectively promote the formation of new bone around the prosthesis stem, so as to obtain good initial stability, enable patients to carry out early weight-bearing exercise, and effectively avoid adverse reactions caused by bone cement prosthesis, thus improving patients’ hip function and life quality.
Ensemble Learning-Based Multi-Cues Fusion Object Tracking in Complex Surveillance Environment
Authors: Du Hui , Zhang Yanning
Published: August 2022

The vast majority of currently available kernelized correlation filter (KCF)-based trackers simply make use of a single object feature to define the object of interest. It is impossible to avoid tracking instability while working with a wide variety of complex videos. In this piece of research, an ensemble learning-based multi-cues fusion object tracking method is offered as a potential solution to the issue at hand. Using ensemble learning to train multiple kernelized correlation filters with different features in order to obtain the optimal tracking parameters is the primary concept behind the improved KCF-based tracking algorithm. After that, the peak side lobe ratio and the response consistency of two adjacent frames are used to obtain the fusion weight. In addition, an adaptive weighted fusion technique is applied in order to combine the response findings in order to finish the location estimation; finally, the tracking confidence is applied in order to update the tracking model in order to prevent model deterioration. In order to increase the adaptability of the revised algorithm to size-change, a Bayesian estimate model based on scale pyramid has been presented. This model is able to determine the optimal scale of the object, which is the goal of this endeavor. The tracking results of a number of different benchmark movies demonstrate that the algorithm that we have suggested is able to effectively eliminate the effects of interference elements, and that its overall performance is superior to that of the comparison algorithms.