WSES/GAIS/SIS-E/WSIS/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with intra-abdominal infections
Authors: Sartelli Massimo , Coccolini Federico , Kluger Yoram , Agastra Ervis , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Abbas Ashraf El Sayed , Ansaloni Luca , Adesunkanmi Abdulrashid Kayode , Atanasov Boyko , Augustin Goran , Bala Miklosh , Baraket Oussama , Baral Suman , Biffl Walter L. , Boermeester Marja A. , Ceresoli Marco , Cerutti Elisabetta , Chiara Osvaldo , Cicuttin Enrico , Chiarugi Massimo , Coimbra Raul , Colak Elif , Corsi Daniela , Cortese Francesco , Cui Yunfeng , Damaskos Dimitris , de’ Angelis Nicola , Delibegovic Samir , Demetrashvili Zaza , De Simone Belinda , de Jonge Stijn W. , Dhingra Sameer , Di Bella Stefano , Di Marzo Francesco , Di Saverio Salomone , Dogjani Agron , Duane Therese M. , Enani Mushira Abdulaziz , Fugazzola Paola , Galante Joseph M. , Gachabayov Mahir , Ghnnam Wagih , Gkiokas George , Gomes Carlos Augusto , Griffiths Ewen A. , Hardcastle Timothy C. , Hecker Andreas , Herzog Torsten , Kabir Syed Mohammad Umar , Karamarkovic Aleksandar , Khokha Vladimir , Kim Peter K. , Kim Jae Il , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Kong Victor , Koshy Renol M. , Kryvoruchko Igor A. , Inaba Kenji , Isik Arda , Iskandar Katia , Ivatury Rao , Labricciosa Francesco M. , Lee Yeong Yeh , Leppäniemi Ari , Litvin Andrey , Luppi Davide , Machain Gustavo M. , Maier Ronald V. , Marinis Athanasios , Marmorale Cristina , Marwah Sanjay , Mesina Cristian , Moore Ernest E. , Moore Frederick A. , Negoi Ionut , Olaoye Iyiade , Ordoñez Carlos A. , Ouadii Mouaqit , Peitzman Andrew B. , Perrone Gennaro , Pikoulis Manos , Pintar Tadeja , Pipitone Giuseppe , Podda Mauro , Raşa Kemal , Ribeiro Julival , Rodrigues Gabriel , Rubio-Perez Ines , Sall Ibrahima , Sato Norio , Sawyer Robert G. , Segovia Lohse Helmut , Sganga Gabriele , Shelat Vishal G. , Stephens Ian , Sugrue Michael , Tarasconi Antonio , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Tolonen Matti , Tomadze Gia , Ulrych Jan , Vereczkei Andras , Viaggi Bruno , Gurioli Chiara , Casella Claudio , Pagani Leonardo , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Catena Fausto 
Published: September 2021

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs include early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prompt physiologic stabilization using a critical care environment, combined with an optimal surgical approach. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery (GAIS), the Surgical Infection Society-Europe (SIS-E), the World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) have jointly completed an international multi-society document in order to facilitate clinical management of patients with IAIs worldwide building evidence-based clinical pathways for the most common IAIs. An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting information was shared by an international task force from 46 countries with different clinical backgrounds. The aim of the document is to promote global standards of care in IAIs providing guidance to clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of IAIs.