bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of felt trust from patients among nurses on attitudes towards nursing service delivery
Authors: Shen Lihua , Fei Xuan , Zhou Yan , Wang Jie , Zhu Yue , Zhuang Yiyu
Published: August 2021

Aims

To examine how felt trust motivates nurses to desire to deliver better nursing services and how perspective taking makes nurses feel trusted by their patients. By introducing the concept of prosocial motivation into nursing research, this study further explored a boundary condition that influences the positive relationship between felt trust from patients and attitudes towards nursing service delivery.

Design

This study used a cross‐sectional and survey design.

Method

This study was conducted among 339 nurses on medical teams sent to support Hubei, China, during the COVID‐19 pandemic in April 2020.

Results

The results indicate that felt trust from patients mediated the positive relationship between perspective taking and attitudes towards nursing service delivery. In addition, prosocial motivation moderated the relationship between felt trust from patients and attitudes towards nursing service delivery, such that the relationship was stronger when prosocial motivation was high (vs. low). Prosocial motivation also moderated the indirect effects of perspective taking on attitudes towards nursing service delivery via felt trust from patients.

Conclusion

This study shows that despite the challenges posed by COVID‐19, nurses who experience a high level of trust from patients are still eager to deliver high‐quality nursing services, and this finding is especially salient among those with high prosocial motivation.

Impact

This study introduces felt trust from patients as a new motivational mechanism that can induce nurses’ willingness to deliver better nursing services. We suggest that nurses and nurse leaders should be aware of the significance of the trust relationship between nurses and patients. Nurses need to be trained to take patients’ perspectives in the interaction process, which can make them feel trusted by patients and can consequently be motivated to deliver better nursing services.
Interventions to empower cardiorenal patients: A systematic review
Authors: Ania‐González Noelia , Olano‐Lizarraga Maddi , Vázquez‐Calatayud Mónica
Published: August 2021

Aims

To identify the most effective interventions to empower cardiorenal patients.

Design

A systematic review of the literature has been carried out.

Data sources

The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were reviewed, and journals in the field were manually searched between January and February 2020.

Review methods

Five randomized clinical trials and quasi‐experimental studies that met the selection and CONSORT & TREND methodological quality criteria were selected.

Results

The evidence supports that there are no existing interventions aimed at empowering cardiorenal patients. However, the interventions to empower people with chronic kidney disease and heart failure suggest that their integration should address seven domains: patient education, sense of self‐management, constructive coping, peer sharing, enablement, self‐efficacy and quality of life.

Conclusion

A gap has been revealed in the literature regarding the empowerment of cardiorenal patients. This review provides relevant information to help design, implement and evaluate interventions to empower these patients by describing the strategies used to empower people experiencing both chronic conditions and the tools used for their assessment.

Impact

There is a need for further research to design, implement and evaluate a multidimensional intervention that favours the empowerment of cardiorenal patients by using valid and reliable instruments that measure the domains that constitute it in an integrated manner. Interventions aimed at empowering the cardiorenal patient should include seven domains: patient education, sense of self‐management, constructive coping, peer sharing, enablement, self‐efficacy and quality of life.
The experiences of family resilience from the view of the adult children of parents with bipolar disorder in Chinese society
Authors: Liu Sara Hsin‐Yi , Hsiao Fei‐Hsiu , Chen Shing‐Chia , Shiau Shu‐jen , Hsieh Ming H.
Published: August 2021

Aims

This study explored how adult children perceived family resilience, barriers to develop family resilience and how cultural values influence their experience of parents with bipolar disorder in Chinese society.

Design

A qualitative design with an interpretive phenomenological analysis of data was employed.

Methods

Twenty adults who had lived with parents with bipolar disorder during childhood were recruited from the acute psychiatric ward when their parents were admitted to the hospital. They described their experiences of perceived family resilience and barriers to resilience (October 2013–September 2015). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in the hospital meeting room or at a convenient location.

Findings

Six themes were identified in family resilience: ill parents try to be good parents, parents’ personal strengths, parents’ positive attitudes towards mental illness, flexibility of family role, cohesive relationships between family members, and families’ social connections. Three themes were identified in the barriers to develop family resilience: poor parenting/family function, conflict between parents and poor mental health literacy.

Conclusion

Children's views of family resilience could transform their suffering from lived experiences with a mentally ill parent to a positive growth experience. Family resilience includes well and ill parents’ efforts and social network's help to maintain family function. However, the conflicts between well and ill parents and poor family function result in a traumatic growth experience.

Impact

To enhance a positive growth experience, family resilience programs for a parent with bipolar disorder aiming to cultivate both the ill and well parents’ inner strength and their competence of parenting skills with connecting their social network to maintain family function is needed. Moreover, early stress‐reduction intervention needs to be developed for children who did not experience family resilience.
500 years of breeding in theCarthusian Strainof Pura Raza Español horse: An evolutional analysis using genealogical and genomic data
Authors: Poyato‐Bonilla Julia , Laseca Nora , Demyda‐Peyrás Sebastián , Molina Antonio , Valera Mercedes
Published: August 2021

The Carthusian horse is a Pura Raza Español (PRE) strain (CS), bred as a closed population since its creation more than 500 years ago. The aim of this study was to analyse for the first time its population structure and situation of variability combining both genealogical (GEL) and genomic (GEN) data. The GEL data comprised 348,429 pedigree records (56,105 CS horses), while the GEN analysis included the high‐density genotypes (670,804 SNPs) of 287 horses. Pedigree completeness demonstrated its accuracy, showing a good correlation of GEL (F) and GEN (FROH) inbreeding coefficient in the case of PRE subpopulations partially related and non‐related to Carthusian strain (0.68) but a lower value in the 100% Carthusian horses (0.42), due to the high weight of founders not detected by GEL analysis. GEN (PCA, AMOVA, and Admixture) and GEL analysis showed a good differentiation of subpopulations, but also a high level of introgression of the CS in the breed during past decades. A recent change in this trend was noteworthy, with a considerable reduction in CS variability and a genetic bottleneck (effective population sizes of 31.57 and 30.20 in GEL and GEN analysis, respectively, in last generation). The PRE has maintained its variability, and a considerable difference in estimated Neby GEL (60.77) and GEN (188.0) data was observed. Using two sources of complementary information, it was found the existence of an ancient PRE strain with a unique genetic landmark, practically free from the influence of other equine populations.
Associations of plasma uromodulin and genetic variants with blood pressure responses to dietary salt interventions
Authors: Du Ming‐Fei , Yao Shi , Zou Ting , Mu Jian‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Hu Gui‐Lin , Chu Chao , Jia Hao , Liao Yue‐Yuan , Chen Chen , Wang Dan , Ma Qiong , Yan Yu , Wang Ke‐Ke , Sun Yue , Niu Ze‐Jiaxin , Yan Rui‐Chen , Zhang Xi , Zhou Hao‐Wei , Gao Wei‐Hua , Li Hao , Li Chun‐Hua , Gao Ke , Zhang Jie , Yang Tie‐Lin , Wang Yang
Published: August 2021

Uromodulin, also named Tamm Horsfall protein, have been associated with renal function and sodium homeostasis regulation. The authors sought to examine the effects of salt intake on plasma and urinary uromodulin levels and the association of its genetic variants with salt sensitivity in Chinese adults. Eighty patients from our natural population cohort were maintained sequentially either on a usual diet for 3 days, a low‐salt diet (3.0 g) for 7 days, and a high‐salt diet (18.0 g) for an additional 7 days. In addition, the authors studied 514 patients of the Baoji Salt‐Sensitive Study, recruited from 124 families who received the same salt intake intervention, and investigated the association of genetic variations in uromodulin gene with salt sensitivity. Plasma uromodulin levels were significantly lower on a high‐salt diet than on a baseline diet (28.3 ± 4.5 vs. 54.9 ± 8.8 ng/ml). Daily urinary excretions of uromodulin were significantly decreased on a high‐salt diet than on a low‐salt diet (28.7 ± 6.7 vs. 157.2 ± 21.7 ng/ml). SNPs rs7193058 and rs4997081 were associated with the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to the high‐salt diet. In addition, several SNPs in the uromodulin gene were significantly associated with pulse pressure (PP) response to the low‐salt intervention. This study shows that dietary salt intake affects plasma and urinary uromodulin levels and that uromodulin may play a role in the pathophysiological process of salt sensitivity in the Chinese populations.
TBC1 domain family member 23 interacts with Ras‐related protein Rab‐11A to promote poor prognosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer via β1‐integrin
Authors: Zhang Yao , Su Hongbo , Wudu Muli , Ren Hongjiu , Xu Yitong , Zhang Qingfu , Jiang Jun , Wang Qiongzi , Jiang Xizi , Zhang Bo , Liu Zongang , Zou Zifang , Qiu Xueshan
Published: August 2021

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases. TBC1D23, a member of the TBC/RABGAP family, is widely expressed in human tissues; however, its role in NSCLC is currently unknown. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on 173 paraffin‐embedded lung tissue sections from patients with NSCLC from 2014 to 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. MTT, colony formation assay, cell cycle assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, Western blotting and real‐time PCR were employed on multiple NSCLC cell lines modified to knock down or overexpress TBC1D23/RAB11A. Immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to explore the interaction between TBC1D23 and RAB11A and TBC1D23 involvement in the interaction between RAB11A and β1 integrin in the para‐nucleus. TBC1D23 was correlated with tumour size, differentiation degree, metastasis, TNM stage and poor prognosis. TBC1D23 was involved in the interaction between RAB11A and β1 integrin in the para‐nucleus, thus activating the β1 integrin/FAK/ERK signalling pathway to promote NSCLC. Furthermore, TBC1D23 promoted NSCLC progression by inducing cell proliferation, migration and invasion. This study indicated the relationship between TBC1D23 expression and the adverse clinicopathological characteristics of patients with NSCLC, suggesting that TBC1D23 may be an important target for NSCLC treatment.
Reward‐ and threat‐related neural function associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents: a study using a composite risk score in Brazil
Authors: Yoon Leehyun , Rohrsetzer Fernanda , Battel Lucas , Anés Mauricio , Manfro Pedro H. , Rohde Luis A. , Viduani Anna , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Mondelli Valeria , Kieling Christian , Swartz Johnna R.
Published: August 2021

Background

Neuroimaging studies on adolescents at risk for depression have relied on a single risk factor and focused on adolescents in high‐income countries. Using a composite risk score, this study aims to examine neural activity and connectivity associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents in Brazil.

Methods

Depression risk was defined with the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA‐RS), calculated using a prognostic model that included 11 socio‐demographic risk factors. Adolescents recruited from schools in Porto Alegre were classified into a low‐risk (i.e., low IDEA‐RS and no lifetime depression), high‐risk (i.e., high IDEA‐RS and no lifetime depression), or clinically depressed group (i.e., high IDEA‐RS and depression diagnosis). One hundred fifty adolescents underwent a functional MRI scan while completing a reward‐related gambling and a threat‐related face‐matching task. We compared group differences in activity and connectivity of the ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala during the gambling and face‐matching tasks, respectively, and group differences in whole‐brain neural activity.

Results

Although there was no group difference in reward‐related VS or threat‐related amygdala activity, the depressed group showed elevated VS activity to punishment relative to high‐risk adolescents. The whole‐brain analysis found reduced reward‐related activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex of patients and high‐risk adolescents compared with low‐risk adolescents. Compared with low‐risk adolescents, high‐risk and depressed adolescents showed reduced threat‐related left amygdala connectivity with thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area.

Conclusions

We identified neural correlates associated with risk and presence of depression in a well‐characterized sample of adolescents. These findings enhance knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings of risk and presence of depression in Brazil. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether the observed neural patterns of high‐risk adolescents predict the development of depression.
Optical properties of a novel glass–ceramic restorative material
Authors: Blackburn Jackson , Jackson Tate , Cook Ryan , Sulaiman Taiseer A.
Published: August 2021

Objective

To examine the optical properties of a dental restorative material manufactured from lithium aluminosilicate ceramic and reinforced with lithium disilicate. Translucency and the optical effects of various supporting materials on color were the primary focus.

Methods

Five 10 × 10 mm samples were prepared in thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm of both high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) versions of the material in shade A3. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the illuminance of the samples with black and white backings in order to calculate contrast ratio (CR) and relative translucency parameter (RTP). A baseline relationship between translucency and material thickness was examined and the effects of composite, titanium, and zirconia abutments on color change were studied.

Results

No significant findings were identified for RTP or CR between the HT and LT material, regardless of the material thickness (p = 0.39, p = 0.14, respectively). Regardless of material thickness (HT vs. LT), translucencies (RTP and CR) were significantly different with composite, titanium, and zirconia backings compared to baseline values (p < 0.0001). Titanium had the most significant decrease in translucency compared to composite and zirconia. There was no difference in ΔE00 between the HT and LT materials (p > 0.05) regardless of the backing. Titanium had the most significant effect on color of both materials followed by composite then zirconia (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

There is not a clinically significant difference in translucency between the high translucency and low translucency materials. Only zirconia supporting structures produced changes in color that are clinically acceptable.

Clinical Significance

Understanding the optical properties of glass–ceramic restorative materials aids providers in selecting appropriate materials for optimum esthetic outcomes. The lithium‐aluminosilicate reinforced with lithium disilicate material does a poor job masking supporting structures and resisting color change.
Positive surgical margin is an independent predictor of overall survival of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nomura Hidetaka , Omi Makiko , Netsu Sachiho , Aoki Yoichi , Tanigawa Terumi , Kurita Tomoko , Matoda Maki , Okamoto Sanshiro , Omatsu Kohei , Kanao Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

Aim

It is uncertain whether curative surgical treatment or a less radical surgery with adjuvant treatment should be provided to preserve function in patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that is adjacent to the urethra, anus, and vagina. The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical margin in patients with vulvar SCC with regard to local recurrence and overall survival.

Methods

Thirty‐four patients were identified as having a diagnosis of vulvar SCC without distant metastasis. They had been treated surgically with curative intent at the Cancer Institute Hospital. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Rates of 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival among patients with positive, <3‐mm, <5‐mm, <8‐mm, and ≥8‐mm surgical margins were 32%, 30.3%, 42.5%, 55.5%, and 73%, respectively. Rates of 5‐year overall survival of patients with positive, <3‐mm, <5‐mm, <8‐mm, and ≥8‐mm surgical margins were 15.5%, 53.8%, 58.8%, 67.6%, and 83.3%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, a tumor size of more than 2‐cm (hazard ratio [HR] = 17.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39–226) and a positive surgical margin (HR = 0.0092, 95% CI = 0.011–0.53) were risk factors for local recurrence, and a lymph node involvement (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.31–6.43) and a positive surgical margin (HR = 0.0046, 95% CI = 0.011–0.53) were significant risk factors for overall mortality.

Conclusions

To improve the prognosis, thorough resection with an adequate surgical margin is needed. But narrow surgical margin may be acceptable, particularly to preserve the function of adjacent organs.
Anal atresia as the diagnostic clue in VACTERL association: A first‐trimester case report
Authors: Wang Yu , Dai Xiaohui , Liu Hanmin , Li Yiping , Li Lei , Chen Jiao
Published: August 2021

Anal atresia is the most common malformation occurring in VACTERL association, but it is difficult to diagnose antenatally. We herein present a case of fetal anal atresia in VACTERL association diagnosed by ultrasonography and supported by autopsy. This case emphasizes the clues to ultrasonographic diagnosis of anal atresia at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation, promoting increased awareness of VACTERL association during first‐trimester screening.
Development and validation of a magnetic resonance imaging‐based nomogram for predicting invasive forms of placental accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhou Hang , Zhou Kefeng , He Jian , Shi Zhihao , Wang Zhiqun , Dai Yimin , Hu Yali
Published: August 2021

Aim

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based nomogram for predicting invasive forms of placental accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders (placenta increta and percreta) with “uncertain ultrasound diagnosis.”

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of a primary cohort of 118 patients and a validation cohort of 65 patients with “uncertain ultrasound diagnosis,” who were further evaluated by MRI. MRI signs associated with PAS disorders were analyzed between invasive and noninvasive groups by both univariate and logistic regression to construct the nomogram. The accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were measured by concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curve internally and externally.

Results

The history of previous cesarean deliveries (odds ratio [OR], 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–9.27), loss of double‐line sign (OR, 9.49; 95% CI, 3.06–29.48), abnormal uterine bulging (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.53–10.69), and disorganized abnormal placenta vascularity (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.09–10.50) were imputed for the nomogram. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.85 for internal validation and 0.84 for external validation. Calibration curve showed good agreement with predicted risk and actual observation for both primary and validation cohort.

Conclusions

MRI can be a useful adjunct for clinical staging of patients with “uncertain ultrasound diagnosis.”
A qualitative study of perceptions of senior health service staff as to factors influencing the development of Advanced Clinical Practice roles in mental health services
Authors: Brimblecombe Neil , Nolan Fiona
Published: August 2021

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) are, typically, non‐medical healthcare professionals, who possess advanced clinical skills, a master's level qualification and evidence of leadership, management and research abilities.

Most ACPs are nurses and new ACP roles are increasingly being established around the world.

The views of senior staff towards new mental health nursing roles in organizations are likely to influence their introduction and sustainability

Research on mental health nursing ACP roles is sparse.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The paper uniquely provides specific information as to factors perceived by senior staff as affecting the implementation of ACP roles in mental health services.

A wide range of mental health services were perceived as potentially benefiting from ACPs.

Establishing role clarity for MHN ACPs is perceived as being as essential to successful introduction of the role, as has been found for other specialities.

What are the implications for practice?

Participants identified a need for early engagement with service users and professions about new ACP roles and for processes that can evaluate ACP roles once they established.

Some mental health nurses may require long‐term developmental pathways to help prepare them to take on a master's level course and then the ACP role.

Introduction

Advanced clinical practice (ACP) roles are increasingly being developed internationally. Identifying factors perceived as affecting the development of ACP can support effective implementation.

Aim

To understand the views of senior health service staff as to factors influencing the development of ACP roles in mental health services.

Method

Focus group and semi‐structured interviews. Participants were directors of nursing (n = 10) and other senior staff from roles important to workforce development (n = 10).

Results

Content analysis suggested seven categories: understanding the role and national guidelines, attitudes to the role, learning from implementing other roles, understanding prerequisites for development, challenges, opportunities and future support/actions. Prerequisites for success would include early engagement with stakeholders. Medical attitudes towards ACP roles were perceived as generally more positive than previously.

Discussion

The study provides unique information regarding perspectives of senior staff regarding the implementation of ACP roles in mental health services. A wide range of mental health services were perceived as potentially benefiting from ACPs, with the importance of role clarity being highlighted and long‐term developmental pathways for staff.

Implications for practice

Successful Implementation of ACP roles may require clear role definition, early engagement with stakeholders and processes to evaluate role outcomes.
Has the New Natalism Reduced the Religious Fertility Advantage?
Authors: DeRose Laurie F. , Wilcox William Bradford , Leyva‐Townsend Pamela , Reyes Brito Javiera , James Spencer
Published: August 2021

Religion has historically been a pronatalist force, but because it fosters traditional gender role attitudes, its importance for fertility has the potential to wane if gender equality is emerging as the new natalism. We used World Values Survey (WVS) data from 1989 to 2020 to determine whether the religious fertility advantage has changed over the last three decades, with a particular focus on low‐fertility countries where egalitarian gender role attitudes are most likely to support childbearing. The fertility advantage associated with holding traditional gender role attitudes has indeed decreased over time, but this had at best a minimal effect on the religious fertility advantage.
Mattering to God and to the Congregation: Gendered Effects in Mattering as a Mechanism Between Religiosity and Mental Health
Authors: Bonhag Rebecca , Upenieks Laura
Published: August 2021

A vast literature suggests favorable links between religiosity and mental health. Yet, the concept of “mattering” is an underexplored concept in the sociology of religion. Using a sample of U.S. adults from the 2017 Baylor Religion Survey, we investigate whether any associations between several aspects of religiosity (worship attendance, prayer, attachment to God, and God image) and mental health may be mediated by perceptions of mattering, and whether these pathways differ for men and women. Results from structural equation models indicate that mattering mediates the relationships between attachment to God, holding a judgmental God image, and worship attendance with depressive symptoms for women only. Further, holding a judgmental God image and worship attendance are mediated by mattering in predicting women's anxiety. We discuss the impact of mattering and the gendered pathways through which some aspects of religion and mental health are connected.
The efficacy and safety of mirabegron in treating ureteral stent‐related symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zhouyue , Cui Yuanshan , Chai Yumeng , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mirabegron in treating ureteral stent‐related symptoms.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) of mirabegron in treating ureteral stent‐related symptoms. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on the eligible RCT.

Results

Five RCT including 546 patients and comparing mirabegron with placebo or blank control were involved in the present research. Regarding efficacy, mirabegron was superior to controls in urinary symptom score (P = .0006) and general health score (P < .0001) of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire, total International Prostate Symptom Score (P < .00001), quality of life (P < .0001), analgesic use (P = .008), and readmission or visit to hospital due to discomfort (P = .001). Safety assessments including adverse events (P = .40) suggested that mirabegron was well tolerated.

Conclusions

The present meta‐analysis shows that mirabegron is an effective and safe treatment for relieving ureteral stent‐related symptoms with a low occurrence of adverse events.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies albaMill.)
Authors: Major Enikő I. , Höhn Mária , Avanzi Camilla , Fady Bruno , Heer Katrin , Opgenoorth Lars , Piotti Andrea , Popescu Flaviu , Postolache Dragos , Vendramin Giovanni G. , Csilléry Katalin
Published: August 2021

Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations’ resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (Abies albaMill.)population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1,368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east‐west isolation‐by‐distance pattern consistent with the post‐glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (FCT= 0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (FSC= 0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modelling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post‐glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non‐spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.
“Epstein‐Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumour as an unusual cause of ureteric graft obstruction in a child”
Authors: Szklarz María Tatiana , Tessi Catalina , Ruiz Javier , Rosiere Nicolas Ignacio , Lopez Imizcoz Felicitas , Weller Santiago , Solernou Verónica Ester , Monteverde Marta Lidia , Corbetta Juan Pablo
Published: August 2021

Background

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus with oncogenic potential, especially in immunocompromised patients. EBV can promote smooth muscle proliferation, resulting in EBV‐associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV‐SMT).

Methods

We report a case of a 10‐year‐old child with end‐stage renal disease secondary to hypoplastic crossed and fused kidneys who underwent kidney transplantation. EBV serology was unknown for the donor and negative for the recipient; three months after he had a primary EBV infection. Two years after the transplantation, percutaneous nephrostomy was performed because of a drop in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and severe dilatation of the graft. Nephrography showed contrast enhancement of the pelvis of the graft kidney and proximal ureter, with a clear blockage at the level of the mid ureter and no passage towards the bladder. A 1.5‐cm tumor was found causing intraluminal compression of the mid ureter.

Results

Complete resection of the tumor and distal ureter was performed leaving a short proximal ureter. A tension‐free uretero‐ureteroanastomoses was achieved using the native ureter. There were no surgical complications. Histologic evaluation showed spindle‐shaped muscle cells, moderate pleomorphism, and inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for muscle‐specific actin. Epstein‐Barr encoding region (EBER) in situ hybridization was positive, confirming the diagnosis of EBV‐associated SMT.

Conclusions

EBV–SMT is an exceedingly rare oncological entity that may develop in either the graft or any other organ. The clinical findings are location related. EBV seroconversion following transplantation might be a risk factor for the development of SMT in solid organ recipients.
Neural signature of delayed fear generalization under stress
Authors: Kausche Franziska Magdalena , Zerbes Gundula , Kampermann Lea , Büchel Christian , Schwabe Lars
Published: August 2021

Although the generalization of fear to stimuli resembling a threatening stimulus is an adaptive mechanism, fear overgeneralization is maladaptive and thought to play a key role in anxiety‐related disorders. Since there is typically a delay between an initial fear experience and a situation in which fear (over)generalization may occur, we assessed delayed fear generalization and its neural signature. Moreover, as stress is known to affect fear learning, we further tested whether acute stress modulates fear generalization. Therefore, we conducted a two‐day fear generalization study, with initial fear acquisition on Day 1 and a fear generalization test after a 24‐hr delay in the MRI scanner. Prior to fear generalization testing, participants were exposed to a stressor or a control manipulation. Our behavioral data showed the expected generalization of fear. At a neural level, fear generalization was accompanied by increased fear‐signaling for stimuli that resembled the conditioned stimulus in the bilateral insula and frontal operculum, whereas activity declined in frontal, hippocampal, and temporal regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, as stimuli became more similar to the conditioned stimulus. Importantly, stress did not modulate fear generalization, neither on a behavioral nor on a neural level. Interestingly, in an explorative comparison to two other studies that used the same paradigm but tested generalization immediately after acquisition, we observed increased fear generalization in the delayed relative to the immediate generalization test. In sum, our results suggest that stress leaves fear generalization and its neural signature unaffected but that a temporal delay might increase the extent to which fear responses are generalized to stimuli resembling the threatening stimulus.
Agriculture exports, child labor and youth education: Evidence from 68 developing countries
Authors: Lin Faqin
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the effects of agricultural exports on youth education in a panel of 68 developing countries during the period from 1965 to 2010 by applying exogenous world agriculture prices as an instrument. The main finding is that an increase in the agriculture trade leads to a significant reduction in years of education and the increase in child labor that results from a boom in agriculture provides a dominant channel. The reduction in primary school attainment supports the child labor channel due to their strong linkage. Finally, income and literacy are found to be able to mitigate such adverse effects.
Detection of BabesiaRNA and DNA in whole blood samples from US blood donations
Authors: Stanley Jean , Stramer Susan L. , Erickson Yasuko , Cruz Julie , Gorlin Jed , Janzen Mark , Rossmann Susan N. , Straus Todd , Albrecht Patrick , Pate Lisa Lee , Galel Susan A. ,   the cobas Babesia IND study group
Published: August 2021

Background

Human babesiosis is a zoonotic infection caused by an intraerythrocytic parasite. The highest incidence of babesiosis is in the United States, although cases have been reported in other parts of the world. Due to concerns of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended year‐round regional testing for Babesia by nucleic acid testing or use of an FDA‐approved device for pathogen reduction. A new molecular test, cobas Babesia (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.), was evaluated for the detection of the four species that cause human disease, Babesia microti, Babesia duncani, Babesia divergens, and Babesia venatorum.

Study design and methods

Analytical performance was evaluated followed by clinical studies on whole blood samples from US blood donations collected in a special tube containing a chaotropic reagent that lyses the red cells and preserves nucleic acid. Sensitivity and specificity of the test in individual samples (individual donation testing [IDT]) and in pools of six donations were determined.

Results

Based on analytical studies, the claimed limit of detection of cobas Babesia for B. microti is 6.1 infected red blood cells (iRBC)/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.0, 7.9); B. duncani was 50.2 iRBC/mL (95% CI: 44.2, 58.8); B. divergens was 26.1 (95% CI: 22.3, 31.8); and B. venatorum was 40.0 iRBC/mL (95% CI: 34.1, 48.7). The clinical specificity for IDT was 99.999% (95% CI: 99.996, 100) and 100% (95% CI: 99.987, 100) for pools of six donations.

Conclusion

cobas Babesia enables donor screening for Babesia species with high sensitivity and specificity.
International capital markets and domestic employment: Evidence from worldwide publicly listed large firms
Authors: Hou Fangfang , Magnani Elisabetta , Xu Xinpeng
Published: August 2021

We study how access to the international capital market affects domestic employment. Using a large firm‐level panel data set that covers over 60 countries between 1982 and 2014, we find that access to the international capital market positively affects firm‐level employment, and the magnitude of this impact is economically significant. This causal effect is identified through a generalised triple‐differences identification strategy that exploits variations in both external financial dependence and the progress of capital account openness. We also show that there are substantial heterogeneous effects across countries and firms; the effect is more pronounced for firms in industries that depend more on external finance and those in countries with weaker employment protection legislation. In addition, financially constrained firms respond more positively to international capital market access. Overall, our findings suggest that a strategy of gradually opening international capital markets will support employment.
Impact of feeding experiences on oviposition and sex allocation of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Xie Zhong Qiu , Lv Jia Le , Wang En Dong , Xu Xue Nong
Published: August 2021

Feeding experiences of predators during immature and adult stages may impact females’ reproduction. In the present study, we investigated reproductive performances of Neoseiulus californicus when both parents had different feeding experiences on Tetranychus urticae and Frankliniella occidentalis. Female and male immatures fed on either prey species. Each newly emerged female adult individually mated with a male had either the same or different feeding experience. Prey for mated females were either same as or different from that consumed during their immature stages. Therefore, eight reproductive treatments were created. The highest cumulative fecundity (57.5±3.3 eggs/female) was observed when both female and male fed on T. urticae with the lowest fecundity (34.2±2.7 eggs/female) observed when the parents fed on F. occidentalis. Daily fecundity and oviposition duration were mainly affected by prey of mated females. Mated females preyed on T. urticae had 56.6% higher daily fecundity and 22.3% shorter oviposition duration than those preyed on F. occidentalis. No significant difference in offspring sex ratio and egg hatch rate was detected between treatments. About 88% of the first-laid eggs developed to males. Impact of prey species consumed by male immatures was only observed on pre-oviposition duration. The average pre-oviposition duration of females who mated with males fed on T. urticae in their immaturity was 33.0% shorter than those females who mated with males fed on F. occidentalis in their immaturity. Results of the present study are valuable in optimizing N. californicus field release strategies, and will help further investigations into the nutritional requirements of this species.
First record of Athyreacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from Africa with description of four new species of Athyreacarus
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Frolov Andrey V.
Published: August 2021

Mites of the family Athyreacaridae are recorded from Africa for the first time. Four new species of Athyreacarus are described, A. africanus sp. nov., collected on the beetle Mimobolbus congolensis in Republic of the Congo, A. longisetus sp. nov., collected on a beetle Minobolbus sp. in Zaire and Bolbocaffer caffrum in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo, A. reductus sp. nov. on a beetle Bolbocaffer caffrum in Democratic Republic of the Congo, and A. pseudoindicus sp. nov. on a beetle Mimobolbus sp. in Kenya and Ethiopia. An updated key to species of the genus Athyreacarus is provided.
Investigation of small- to large-strain moduli correlations of rockfill materials — application to Romaine-2 dam
Authors: Lashin Ibrahim , Ghali Michael , Smith Marc , Verret Daniel , Karray Mourad
Published: August 2021

The establishment of relationships between the shear wave velocity (Vs) and other geotechnical parameters of rockfills under large strains (e.g., oedometer-constrained modulus, Moedo, and tangent elastic modulus, Et) is a significant step toward precise modeling of earth structure stress–strain behavior. In this study, four specimens reconstituted from the rockfill used for Romaine-2 dam construction were investigated experimentally to correlate small-strain to large-strain moduli. The development of Moedoand Vswith consolidation was measured in a laboratory using the piezoelectric ring-actuator technique (P-RAT) incorporated in a large oedometer cell. A correlation between Moedoand the small-strain shear modulus (Go) was proposed. Moreover, numerical simulations were performed using the Duncan–Chang hyperbolic model to correlate Vsand the Duncan–Chang initial elastic modulus (Ei), which depends on the minor principal stress (σ3). Based on the experimental and numerical data, a relationship between the Eiand Vsof the rockfill specimens was established. Verification studies were also performed using in situ measurements obtained from the Romaine-2 dam construction, and the ability of the proposed relationships to predict Eifrom in situ Vsmeasurements was demonstrated. The proposed correlations can help geotechnical designers estimate the deformation characteristics of rockfill materials from in situ Vsmeasurements.
The origin of rest-mass energy
Authors: Melia Fulvio
Published: August 2021

Today we have a solid, if incomplete, physical picture of how inertia is created in the standard model. We know that most of the visible baryonic ‘mass’ in the Universe is due to gluonic back-reaction on accelerated quarks, the latter of which attribute their own inertia to a coupling with the Higgs field – a process that elegantly and self-consistently also assigns inertia to several other particles. But we have never had a physically viable explanation for the origin of rest-mass energy, in spite of many attempts at understanding it towards the end of the nineteenth century, culminating with Einstein’s own landmark contribution in his Annus Mirabilis. Here, we introduce to this discussion some of the insights we have garnered from the latest cosmological observations and theoretical modeling to calculate our gravitational binding energy with that portion of the Universe to which we are causally connected, and demonstrate that this energy is indeed equal to$$mc^2$$mc2when the inertiamis viewed as a surrogate for gravitational mass.
Investigation on the Movement and Fracture Characteristics of an Extra-Thick Hard Roof during Longwall Panel Extraction in the Yima Mining Area, China
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Deng Daixin , Shi Ruiming , Yang Guozhen , Xu Shuo , Jiang Yaodong
Published: August 2021

As an extra-thick hard roof is a significant contributing factor to frequently induced sudden roof collapse accidents and coal bursts, this study investigates the relationship between extra-thick hard roof movement and mining-induced stress using physical experiments and numerical simulation methods based on mining activities in a longwall panel in the Yima mining area, Henan province, China. The results suggested that the movement and failure processes of the extra-thick roof could be divided into three main periods: the undisturbed, movement stabilization, and sudden collapse periods. The roof displacement remained essentially unchanged during the undisturbed period. During the movement stabilization period, the displacement gradually increased into the upper roof. However, the extra-thick main roof remained undisturbed until the immediate roof experienced its fourth periodic caving in the physical model. Consequently, the displacement expanded rapidly into the extra-thick main roof during the sudden collapse period and the strain energy was violently released when it accumulated in the extra-thick main roof. Additionally, the mining-induced stress was characterized by a sudden decrease in the gradual increase trend when the extra-thick roof instantly collapsed. The deformation and fracture of the extra-thick roof could cause a sudden decrease in the mining-induced stress and lead to continuous and unstable subsidence pressure exerted on the mining panel and roadway. This significantly contributes to the occurrence of coal bursts.
Functional Adrenocortical Adenoma in a Child with Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Doya Leen Jamel , Hassan Naya Talal , Mansour Hanin Ahmed , Alkhalil Mohammad Ahmad Almahmod , Alkhalil Abdul Alrahman Almahmod , Mansour Nada , Abdallah Alaa
Published: August 2021

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by complex overgrowth of different body parts. Children with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, particularly those with hemihypertrophy, experience an increased risk of developing benign and malignant tumors. This case report presents an 18-month-old girl with features suggestive of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome who developed pubic hair, high levels of testosterone, and DHEAS with normal cortisol and progesterone levels. Computed tomography revealed a left adrenal mass. Histopathological examination of the resected mass showed an adrenocortical tumor. Her postoperative evaluation showed normal testosterone and DHEAS levels. Early diagnosis and detection of intra-abdominal neoplasms in infants with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome are essential to avoid serious clinical complications.
Effects of Fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb. on Diabetic Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet with Streptozotocin and on Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Sakuludomkan Wannachai , Yeewa Ranchana , Subhawa Subhawat , Khanaree Chakkrit , Bonness Arisa Imsumran , Chewonarin Teera
Published: August 2021

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (plukaow in Thai language) exhibits several biological properties, and many products of H. cordata are therefore commercially available for human consumption, such as fermented juice or tablets as food supplements. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of fermented H. cordata (HC) in high-fat diets and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of HC at a dose of 100 mg/kg.bw not only maintained bodyweight, food intake, and water consumption but also reduced blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance ability in the diabetic rats. Moreover, HC also decreased oxidative stress markers in serum and inflammatory-related mediators in pancreas tissues, indicating the improvement of pancreatic beta-cell function in the diabetic rats. In order to clarify the mechanism of HC, the effects of ethanolic extract of HC (HCE) on insulin resistance were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FHE could recover glucose uptake and decrease lipolysis in palmitate-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HC can improve diabetic symptoms by enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation.