bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing humor at work: The humor climate questionnaire
Authors: Cann Arnie , Watson Amanda J. , Bridgewater Elisabeth A.
Published: May 2014

Humor at work could provide many potential benefits, but the empirical literature does not support many clear conclusions about its role. Two issues have limited the clarity of the findings. First, many studies do not consider the potential negative, as well as positive, associations with humor. Second, no available measure allows researchers to quantify the broad presence of humor in the workplace. The current research describes the development and initial validation of a brief measure, the Humor Climate Questionnaire (HCQ), which assesses positive and negative styles of humor in the workplace climate. The HCQ has a clear four factor structure, good internal reliability for each dimension, and it explains variance in multiple indicators of job satisfaction and commitment beyond that explained by individual differences in humor uses. The HCQ provides a research tool that could be used to assess a variety of predictions about the roles that humor could play in the workplace.
Single-Phase Power Generation Using Three-Phase Self-Excited Synchronous Reluctance Generator
Authors: Singh Bhim , Niwas Ram
Published: May 2014

This paper presents the single-phase power generation using a three-phase synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) for a standalone diesel generator (DG) set based standalone supply system. A static compensator (STATCOM) is used for voltage control, harmonics reduction and load balancing on SyRG. The proposed system consists of a SyRG, a variable frequency drive of an induction motor used as a prototype of diesel engine (DE), a STATCOM and single-phase loads. The proposed system feeds single-phase loads in rural areas and telecom towers. The synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT)–based control algorithm is used for the control of STATCOM used for voltage control and load balancing of SyRG.
Identification of Eggshell Crack using BPNN and GANN in Dynamic Frequency Analysis
Authors: Wei Zhenbo , Wang Jun , Tian Xiaojing
Published: May 2014

The eggshell crack was detected using flexible piezoelectric film sensors on the basis of dynamic frequency response. The response signal was transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform algorithm. In the normalized power spectrum, the first 10 and 20 features were extracted by interval frequency (IFM), maximum magnitude in turn (HVM), and frequencies by magnitude in turn (MVF). The discrimination between intact eggs and cracked eggs was performed using back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and combination of genetic algorithm and BPNN (GANN). The results were found that intact eggs and cracked eggs could be better identified from their dynamic frequency response using BPNN and GANN based on HVM and MVF. It is suggested that intact and cracked eggs can be distinguished using GANN based on 10 features in MVF.
Non-solvable groups generated by involutions in which every involution is left 2-Engel
Authors: Abdollahi Alireza
Published: May 2014

The following problem was proposed as Problem 18.57 in [The Kourovka Notebook. Unsolved Problems in Group Theory. 18th Edition, 2014] by D. V. Lytkina:
Let G be a finite 2-group generated by involutions in which [x,u,u] = 1 for
every x ∈ G and every involution u ∈ G. Is the derived length of G bounded?
The question asks for an upper bound on the derived length of finite 2-groups
generated by involutions in which every involution (not only the generators) is left 2-Engel. We negatively answer the question.
Effects of the surface treatment of wollastonite on the tensile and flow properties for reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Liang Ji-Zhao , Ruan Jin-Quan , Li Bo
Published: May 2014

The effects of the filler content and its surface treatment on the tensile and flow properties of the polypropylene (PP) composites filled with wollastonite (CaSiO3) were investigated. The results showed that the introduction of the filler could reinforce the PP resin, while the influence of the filler surface treatment on the tensile and flow property was insignificant. The melt volume flow rate (MVR) of the composites decreased nonlinearly, while the Young’s modulus increased nonlinearly with increasing filler weight fraction (ϕ

w
); the tensile strength and tensile fracture strength increased significantly when ϕ

w
was <10% and then decreased slightly with increasing ϕ

w
. The elongation at break decreased significantly when ϕ

w
was <10% and then decreased slightly with the increase of ϕ

w
. Moreover, the Young’s modulus was estimated using the equation published earlier, and a good agreement was shown between the predicted data and the measured data.
Lifshitz tails for a percolation model in the continuum
Authors: Kirsch Werner , Najar Hatem
Published: May 2014

In this work we study Lifshitz tails for
Laplacians in a percolation model on

ℝ

d

${\mathbb {R}}^d$

. At any lattice point i in

ℝ

d

${\mathbb {R}}^d$

we remove a set

S
+
i

${S+i}$

with a certain probability p.
We consider the Laplacian on the remaining subset of

ℝ

d

${\mathbb {R}}^d$

with either
Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. We prove that the
integrated density of states exhibits Lifshitz behavior at the
bottom of the spectrum when we consider Dirichlet boundary
conditions, while when we consider Neumann boundary conditions, it
exhibits a van Hove behavior.
Msp1/ATAD1 maintains mitochondrial function by facilitating the degradation of mislocalized tail‐anchored proteins
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chan , Umanah George K E , Dephoure Noah , Andrabi Shaida A , Gygi Steven P , Dawson Ted M , Dawson Valina L , Rutter Jared
Published: May 2014

The majority of ER‐targeted tail‐anchored (TA) proteins are inserted into membranes by the Guided Entry of Tail‐anchored protein (GET) system. Disruption of this system causes a subset of TA proteins to mislocalize to mitochondria. We show that the AAA+ ATPase Msp1 limits the accumulation of mislocalized TA proteins on mitochondria. Deletion of MSP1 causes the Pex15 and Gos1 TA proteins to accumulate on mitochondria when the GET system is impaired. Likely as a result of failing to extract mislocalized TA proteins, yeast with combined mutation of the MSP1 gene and the GET system exhibit strong synergistic growth defects and severe mitochondrial damage, including loss of mitochondrial DNA and protein and aberrant mitochondrial morphology. Like yeast Msp1, human ATAD1 limits the mitochondrial mislocalization of PEX26 and GOS28, orthologs of Pex15 and Gos1, respectively. GOS28 protein level is also increased in ATAD1−/− mouse tissues. Therefore, we propose that yeast Msp1 and mammalian ATAD1 are conserved members of the mitochondrial protein quality control system that might promote the extraction and degradation of mislocalized TA proteins to maintain mitochondrial integrity.
Some factors affecting independence movements: An overview
Authors: Gupta Rupayan
Published: May 2014

The article outlines a game-theoretic framework that can be used to analyze the nature and outcomes of independence movements in disputed or occupied regions. It is seen that the nature of an independence movement depends on a complex interplay among personal characteristics of movement leaders, personal characteristics of the occupier, the proclivity of the citizens to participate in the movement, and the cost structure of the occupier. To a large extent, the results described in this article depend on whether the strategies of the conflicting parties are complements or substitutes.
The peaceful resolution of U.S.-Mexican transboundary water disputes
Authors: Neir Alyssa M. , Campana Michael E.
Published: May 2014

To deal with boundary and transboundary water issues along their border, the United States and Mexico established the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) in 1889. Initially dealing only with surface water flows, its flexibility permitted changes such that groundwater and water quality issues could be addressed. In 1994, the U.S., Mexico, and Canada adopted the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) primarily to facilitate trade, but which can govern water as an article of commerce. Both NAFTA and the IBWC have been instrumental in promoting peaceful solutions to water issues. The article examines three cases: (1) Mexico's protesting of a U.S. plan to line the All-American Canal on the Mexico-California; (2) the underdelivery of Mexican Rio Grande water to the U.S. state of Texas; and (3) the case of an aquifer entirely within Mexico whose supply is being stressed because of a shift in agricultural production prompted by NAFTA. The article concludes that both countries should: (1) develop a more formal system for groundwater issues and (2) exercise vigilance with respect to NAFTA's ability to treat water solely as an economic good.
Preparing Adolescents With Chronic Disease for Transition to Adult Care: A Technology Program
Authors: Huang Jeannie S. , Terrones Laura , Tompane Trevor , Dillon Lindsay , Pian Mark , Gottschalk Michael , Norman Gregory J. , Bartholomew L. Kay
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND:

Adolescents with chronic disease (ACD) must develop independent disease self-management and learn to communicate effectively with their health care team to transition from pediatric to adult-oriented health care systems. Disease-specific interventions have been implemented to aid specific ACD groups through transition. A generic approach might be effective and cost-saving.

METHODS:

Eighty-one ACD, aged 12 to 20 years, were recruited for a randomized clinical trial evaluating an 8-month transition intervention (MD2Me). MD2Me recipients received a 2-month intensive Web-based and text-delivered disease management and skill-based intervention followed by a 6-month review period. MD2Me recipients also had access to a texting algorithm for disease assessment and health care team contact. The intervention was applicable to adolescents with diverse chronic illnesses. Controls received mailed materials on general health topics. Disease management, health-related self-efficacy, and health assessments were performed at baseline and at 2 and 8 months. Frequency of patient-initiated communications was recorded over the study period. Outcomes were analyzed according to assigned treatment group over time.

RESULTS:

MD2Me recipients demonstrated significant improvements in performance of disease management tasks, health-related self-efficacy, and patient-initiated communications compared with controls.

CONCLUSIONS:

Outcomes in ACD improved significantly among recipients of a generic, technology-based intervention. Technology can deliver transition interventions to adolescents with diverse chronic illnesses, and a generic approach offers a cost-effective means of positively influencing transition outcomes. Further research is needed to determine whether improved short-term outcomes translate into an improved transition for ACD.
Adverse Drug Event-Related Emergency Department Visits Associated With Complex Chronic Conditions
Authors: Feinstein James A. , Feudtner Chris , Kempe Allison
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Outpatient adverse drug events (ADEs) can result in serious outcomes requiring emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. The incidence and severity of ADEs in children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs), who often take multiple medications, is unknown. We sought to describe the characteristics of ADE-related ED visits, including association with CCC status; determine the implicated medications; and determine if CCC status increased the risk of ADE-related admission.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of ED visits by patients aged 0 to 18 years using a national sample. ADEs were identified by external cause of injury codes; cases with overdose, wrongful administration, self-harm, or diagnosis of malignancy were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test outcomes of having an ADE-related ED visit and of subsequent admission. All statistics accounted for the complex survey design.

RESULTS:

Of 144 million ED visits, 0.5% were associated with ADEs. Adjusting for age, gender, insurance type, day of week, and location of hospital, ADEs were associated with the presence of a CCC (odds ratio 4.76; 95% confidence interval: 4.45–5.10). The implicated medications differed significantly by CCC status. Adjusting for the same variables, ADEs were associated with subsequent inpatient admission (odds ratio 2.18; 95% confidence interval: 2.04–2.32) for all children; an interaction between ADE and CCC status was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

ED visits associated with ADEs were more likely to occur for children with CCCs, and the implicated drugs differed, but ADE-related admissions were not differentially affected by CCC status.
Chronic Sleep Curtailment and Adiposity
Authors: Taveras Elsie M. , Gillman Matthew W. , Peña Michelle-Marie , Redline Susan , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L.
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVES:

To examine the extent to which chronic sleep curtailment from infancy to mid-childhood is associated with total and central adiposity.

METHODS:

We studied 1046 children participating in a prospective cohort study. At age 6 months and yearly from age 1 to 7 years, mothers reported their children’s sleep duration in a usual 24-hour period. The main exposure was a sleep curtailment score from age 6 months to 7 years. The range of the total score was 0 to 13, where 0 indicated the maximal sleep curtailment and 13 indicated never having curtailed sleep. Outcomes in mid-childhood were BMI z score, dual X-ray absorptiometry total and trunk fat mass index (kg/m2), and waist and hip circumferences (cm).

RESULTS:

The mean (SD) sleep score was 10.2 (2.7); 4.4% scored a 0 to 4, indicating multiple exposures to sleep curtailment between age 6 months to 7 years, 12.3% scored 5 to 7, 14.1% scored 8 to 9, 28.8% scored 10 to 11, and 40.3% scored 12 to 13. In multivariable models, children who had a sleep score of 0 to 4 had a BMI z score that was 0.48 U (95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.83) higher than those who had a sleep score of 12 to 13. We observed similar associations of higher total and trunk fat mass index and waist and hip circumferences, and higher odds of obesity (odds ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 6.97) among children who had a score of 0 to 4 vs 12 to 13.

CONCLUSIONS:

Chronic sleep curtailment from infancy to school age was associated with higher overall and central adiposity in mid-childhood.
Integrated Thermoelectric–Thermal System Resistance Optimization to Maximize Power Output in Thermoelectric Energy Recovery Systems
Authors: Hendricks* Terry J.
Published: May 2014

Thermoelectric energy recovery is an important technology for recovering waste thermal energy in high-temperature industrial, transportation and military energy systems. Thermoelectric (TE) power systems in these applications require high performance hot-side and cold-side heat exchangers to provide the critical temperature differential and transfer the required thermal energy to create the power output. Hot-side and cold-side heat exchanger performance is typically characterized by hot-side and cold-side thermal resistances, Rh,th and Rc,th, respectively. Heat exchanger performance determines the hot-side temperature, Th, and cold-side temperature, Tc, conditions when operating in energy recovery environments with available temperature differentials characterized by exhaust temperatures, Texh, and ambient temperature, Tamb. This work analytically defined a crucially important design relationship between (P/Pmax) and (Rh,th / Rc,th) in TE power generation systems to determine the optimum ratio of (Rh,th / Rc,th) maximizing TE system power. A sophisticated integrated TE device / heat exchanger analysis was used, which simultaneously integrates hot- and cold-side heat exchanger models with TE device optimization models incorporating temperature-dependent TE material properties for p-type and n-type materials, thermal and electrical contact resistances, and hot side and cold side heat loss factors. This work examined the (P/Pmax) - (Rh,th / Rc,th) relationship for system designs employing single-material and segmented-material TE couple legs with various TE material combinations, including bismuth telluride alloys, skutterudite compounds, and skutterudite / bismuth telluride segmented combinations. This work defined the non-dimensional functional relationships and found the optimum thermal resistance condition: (Rh,th / Rc,th)opt > 10 to 30 created the maximum power output in TE optimized designs for various TE material combinations investigated. The non-dimensional relationships were investigated for various electrical contact resistances, differing thermal loss factors, and at various hot-side/cold-side temperature conditions. This work showed that the non-dimensional functional relationships were invariant under these differing conditions. It was determined that a condition of (Rh,th / Rc,th) = 1 creates power output far below maximum power conditions. The (P/Pmax) - (Rh,th / Rc,th) relationship also dictated certain temperature profile conditions, defined by the parameter, (Th – Tc) / (Texh – Tamb), which were directly associated with design points in this relationship including maximum power points. The value of (Th – Tc) / (Texh – Tamb) was generally less than 0.5 at maximum power conditions in TE energy recovery designs using TE materials investigated here. The wide-ranging ramifications on TE energy recovery systems and their design optimization for industrial and transportation-related applications are discussed.
Nearshore energy subsidies support Lake Michigan fishes and invertebrates following major changes in food web structure
Authors: Turschak Benjamin A. , Bunnell David , Czesny Sergiusz , Höök Tomas O. , Janssen John , Warner David , Bootsma Harvey A.
Published: May 2014

Aquatic food webs that incorporate multiple energy channels (e.g., nearshore benthic and pelagic) with varying productivity and turnover rates convey stability to biological communities by providing independent energy sources. Within the Lake Michigan food web, invasive dreissenid mussels have caused rapid changes to food web structure and potentially altered the channels through which consumers acquire energy. We used stable C and N isotopes to determine how Lake Michigan food web structure has changed in the past decade, coincident with the expansion of dreissenid mussels, decreased pelagic phytoplankton production, and increased nearshore benthic algal production. Fish and invertebrate samples collected from sites around Lake Michigan were analyzed to determine taxa‐specific 13C:12C (δ13C) and 15N:14N (δ15N) ratios. Sampling took place during two distinct periods, 2002–2003 and 2010–2012, that spanned the period of dreissenid expansion, and included nearshore, pelagic and profundal fish and invertebrate taxa. The magnitude and direction of the δ13C shift indicated significantly greater reliance upon nearshore benthic energy sources among nearly all fish taxa as well as profundal invertebrates following dreissenid expansion. Although the mechanisms underlying this δ13C shift likely varied among species, possible causes include the transport of benthic algal production to offshore waters and increased feeding on nearshore prey items by pelagic and profundal species. δ15N shifts were more variable and of smaller magnitude across taxa, although declines in δ15N among some pelagic fishes suggest a shift to alternative prey resources. Lake Michigan fishes and invertebrates appear to have responded to dreissenid‐induced changes in nutrient and energy pathways by switching from pelagic to alternative nearshore energy subsidies. Although large shifts in energy allocation (i.e., pelagic to nearshore benthic) resulting from invasive species appear to affect total production at upper trophic levels, changes in trophic structure and utilization of novel energy pathways may help to stabilize food webs following species invasions.
Genetic characterization of California's Central Valley chinook salmon
Authors: Meek Mariah H. , Stephens Molly R. , Wong Antonia K. , Tomalty Katharine M. , May Bernie , Baerwald Melinda R.
Published: May 2014

This data set includes genotypes for 5000 chinook salmon individuals collected from throughout California's Central Valley between 1998 and 2013. We genotyped these samples using a panel of 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. This is the most comprehensive genetic characterization published to date, covering all of the California Central Valley Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) and including all major river drainages within each ESU (total of 17 rivers and 5 hatchery populations). These populations are the foci of considerable basic and applied scientific research given the ecological, economic, and cultural importance of salmonid species. Moreover, all Central Valley ESUs are listed as federally threatened, endangered, or species of concern. This data set improves our ability to study basic ecological questions about salmonid biology, including testing hypotheses about population structure, genetic diversity, introgression between ESUs, and levels of gene flow among populations. Additionally, it provides a baseline to test for changes in genetic diversity due to anthropogenic and natural environmental change. For conducting individual genetic assignment testing, the data set will serve as a baseline to allow identification of future unknown samples, such as juveniles (which are not easily identified and often mix on rearing grounds), allowing us to better study migration patterns and understand fitness and survivorship. Given that many of these loci are employed by chinook researchers across the species' range, this data set will be useful to researchers studying chinook salmon at both broad and local (Central Valley) scales. We hope that publication of this data set will encourage others to build upon it and share similar salmonid data sets from other regions, increasing our understanding of salmonid ecology and improving our ability to sustainably manage and restore these important species.
Sympatric distribution of two species of Alouatta (A. seniculus and A. palliata: Primates) in Chocó, Colombian Amazonas, Peru
Authors: Leal Sara A. Zuñiga , Defler Thomas R.
Published: May 2014

We studied a zone of sympatry between Alouatta seniculus and Alouatta palliata on the left bank of the Atrato River (Chocó). We located 110 groups of Alouatta, consisting of 81 groups of A. palliata and 29 groups of A. seniculus, recorded between 12 – 300 m a.s.l. Alouatta seniculus was associated principally with arracachal and panganal vegetation of alluvial soils alongside the Atrato River below 50 m altitude, and A. palliata was associated with upland vegetation of gallery forest, primary forest and secondary forest (20-300 m a.s.l.). The average number of animals per group of A. seniculus was 5.59 (range 2-7 individuals) while the average for A. palliata was 6.76 (range 2-18 individuals). No phenotypic evidence of hybridization was detected in contrast to other studies of hybridization of Alouatta. The condition of many of the forests in this study suggests the necessity of a conservation program in order to protect this unique zone of sympatry between the two species.
A new population of red uakaris (Cacajao calvus ssp.) in the mountains of north-eastern Peru
Authors: Vermeer Jan , Tello-Alvarado Julio C. , Del Castillo José T. Villacis , Bóveda-Penalba Antonio J.
Published: May 2014

Here we report on the discovery of a new population of red uakaris in the mountains of northern San Martin, north-eastern Peru. This population is isolated from the other known uakari populations in the eastern lowlands, which raises questions concerning their taxonomic status and biogeographical history. This follows a recent range extension of this taxon west of the Ucayali River. Previously, the Peruvian red uakari (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) was only known in Peru from the lowlands between the Amazon, Ucayali and Yavarí Rivers.
Primer reporte de parásitos intestinales en Callicebus modestus del Departamento de Beni, Bolivia
Authors: Mollericona José Luis , Martínez Jesús , Limachi Rolando , Carvajal Pamela , Alandia-Robles Erika
Published: May 2014

La diversidad de parásitos intestinales presente en Callicebus modestus de vida libre fue evaluada en dos grupos presentes en la provincia José Ballivián del Departamento de Beni-Bolivia. Durante 10 meses (septiembre 2010 a junio 2011) se colectaron muestras fecales de los miembros de una pareja de adultos, macho y hembra (grupo A), así como de un segundo grupo (grupo B) que incluía a un par de monos adultos (macho y hembra), un juvenil (hembra) y una cría (macho) habitando una zona poco fragmentada en relación al grupo A. Mediante pruebas coproparasitológicas se identificaron formas inmaduras de parásitos del orden Strongylida, orden Spirurida y representantes de los géneros Strongyloides y Bertiella. Los huevos del parásito Strongyloides spp. fueron los más prevalentes a lo largo del periodo de estudio (presente en 9 de los 10 meses), seguidos de huevos del parásito Strongylida (presente en 6/10 meses de estudio). Formas inmaduras de los parásitos del orden Spirurida y del género Bertiella fueron observados únicamente al final de la época de lluvias. Ninguno de los individuos monitoreados presentó indicios de problemas sanitarios relacionados a la presencia de estos parásitos, sin embargo, cabe resaltar el hallazgo de huevos del parásito Bertiella spp. por las implicancias que puede tener para la salud pública.
Variable density responses of primate communities to hunting pressure in a western Amazonian river basin
Authors: Rosin Cooper , Swamy Varun
Published: May 2014

Large-bodied game species are in decline in tropical forests worldwide due to unsustainable extraction levels by hunters, which can result in cascading effects on vertebrate community structure. In this study, we examine the density responses of primate populations to different levels of hunting pressure in the Madre de Dios river basin, Peru. Across three surveyed sites, both small- and mid-sized primates exhibited population-level density compensation in response to the extirpation of sympatric large primates. Small primate density at one heavily hunted site was 5x that of a comparable nonhunted site, while the highest density of mid-sized primates was recorded at mid-level hunting pressure. Primate response to hunting pressure appears to be influenced by reproductive rate, with strong interspecific variability. High reproductive rate, infrequent extraction, and the relaxation of competitive interactions with extirpated large primates appear to facilitate increasing density of the smallest-bodied species. Evidence from elsewhere in the Madre de Dios basin suggests that large primates are particularly slow to recover from past hunting pressure, with continuing recovery even in sites that have not been hunted for several decades. These variable density responses to hunting pressure alter inter-specific and community dynamics, with potentially expansive short- and long-term ecosystem-level effects.
Two new specimens for the Bolivian endemic titi monkeys, Callicebus olallae and Callicebus modestus
Authors: Martínez Jesús , Wallace Robert B. , López-Strauss Heidy , Torre Paula , Aranibar Hugo
Published: May 2014

No abstract
Relato de caso de morte por agressão entre macacos-prego Sapajus nigritus (Primates: Cebidae) no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rangel Cristiane Hollanda , Adler José Gustavo V. , Heliodoro Gabriela C. , Santos Anderson , Verona Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2014

No abstract
Artificial insemination in common marmosets using sperm collected by penile vibratory stimulation
Authors: Ishibashi Hidetoshi , Motohashi Hideyuki H.
Published: May 2014

No abstract
A quebra de barreiras naturais por conexões artificiais: o relato da transposição do Rio São Francisco por macacos-prego no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Maria Socorro , Azevedo Sérgio Luiz Malta , Batista Wallace Pinto , Valença-Montenegro Mônica Mafra , Martins Amely Branquinho , Fialho Marcos Souza
Published: May 2014

No abstract
A geographic information system screening tool to tackle diffuse pollution through the use of sustainable drainage systems
Authors: Todorovic Zorica , Breton Neil P.
Published: May 2014

Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) offer many benefits that traditional solutions do not. Traditional approaches are unable to offer a solution to problems of flood management and water quality. Holistic consideration of the wide range of benefits from SUDS can result in advantages such as improved flood resilience and water quality enhancement through consideration of diffuse pollution sources. Using a geographical information system (GIS) approach, diffuse pollutant sources and opportunities for SUDS are easily identified. Consideration of potential SUDS locations results in source, site and regional controls, leading to improved water quality (to meet Water Framework Directive targets). The paper will discuss two different applications of the tool, the first of which is where the pollutant of interest is known. In this case the outputs of the tool highlight and isolate the areas contributing the pollutants and suggest the adequate SUDS measures to meet the required criteria. The second application is where the tool identifies likely pollutants at a receiving location, and SUDS measures are proposed to reduce pollution with assessed efficiencies.
Rapid decolorization of methyl orange by a novel Aeromonas sp. strain DH-6
Authors: Du Lin-Na , Li Gang , Xu Fang-Cheng , Pan Xiu , Wen Ling-Ning , Wang Yang
Published: May 2014

Azo dyes are extensively used, but are recalcitrant and refractory. In this study, an indigenous strain DH-6 was isolated and identified as Aeromonas sp. based on 16S rDNA analysis for its excellent methyl orange (MO) decolorizing capability. Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to investigate the effect of operational parameters on decolorization and to optimize the decolorization process. Based on the results the concentrations of glucose, Na2HPO4 and MO and temperature were selected as the four significant parameters of RSM. The optimal conditions for MO decolorization by the strain were as follows: 3.0 g/L glucose, 4.9 g/L Na2HPO4, 100 mg/L MO, and at 40 °C. The verification tests showed that 95.5% decolorization was observed after incubation for 2 h, which is within the confidence interval. Under the optimal conditions, the kinetics of the decolorization fitted the first-order model well (R2 = 0.969). As the strain DH-6 still showed a good decolorizing capability at a relatively high temperature, it is considered a candidate for azo dye bioremediation in some tropical or subtropical regions.
Effect of age and rainfall pH on contaminant yields from metal roofs
Authors: Wicke Daniel , Cochrane Thomas A. , O'Sullivan Aisling D. , Cave Simon , Derksen Mark
Published: May 2014

Metal roofs are recognized for conveying significant metal loads to urban streams through stormwater runoff. Metal concentrations in urban runoff depend on roof types and prevailing weather conditions but the combined effects of roof age and rainfall pH on metal mobilization are not well understood. To investigate these effects on roof runoff, water quality was analysed from galvanized iron and copper roofs following rainfall events and also from simulating runoff using a rainfall simulator on specially constructed roof modules. Zinc and copper yields under different pH regimes were investigated for two roof materials and two different ages. Metal mobilization from older roofs was greater than new roofs with 55-year-old galvanized roof surfaces yielding more Zn, on average increasing by 45% and 30% under a rainfall pH of 4 and 8, respectively. Predominantly dissolved (85–95%) Zn and Cu concentrations in runoff exponentially increased as the rainfall pH decreased. Results also confirmed that copper guttering and downpipes associated with galvanized steel roof systems can substantially increase copper levels in roof runoff. Understanding the dynamics of roof surfaces as a function of weathering and rainfall pH regimes can help developers with making better choices about roof types and materials for stormwater improvement.
Using full-scale duckweed ponds as the finish stage for swine waste treatment with a focus on organic matter degradation
Authors: Mohedano R. A. , Costa R. H. R. , Hofmann S. M. , Belli Filho P.
Published: May 2014

The rapid increase in the number of swine has caused pronounced environmental impacts worldwide, especially on water resources. As an aggregate, smallholdings have an important role in South American pork production, contributing to the net diffusion of pollution. Thus, duckweed ponds have been successfully used for swine waste polishing, mainly for nutrient removal. Few studies have been carried out to assess organic matter degradation in duckweed ponds. Hence, the present study evaluated the efficiency of two full-scale duckweed ponds for organic matter reduction of swine waste on small pig farms. Duckweed ponds, in series, received the effluent after an anaerobic biodigester and storage pond, with a flow rate of 1 m3 day−1. After 1 year of monitoring, an improvement in effluent quality was observed, with a reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), respectively, of 94.8 and 96.7%, operating at a loading rate of approximately 27 kgBOD ha−1 day−1 and 131 kgCOD ha−1 day−1. Algae inhibition due to duckweed coverage was strongly observed in the pond effluent, where chlorophyll a and turbidity remained below 25 μg L−1 and 10 NTU. Using the study conditions described herein, duckweed ponds were shown to be a suitable technology for swine waste treatment, contributing to the environmental sustainability of rural areas.
Analgesic effect of intra-articularly administered morphine, dexmedetomidine, or a morphine-dexmedetomidine combination immediately following stifle joint surgery in dogs
Authors: Soto Natalia , Fauber Amy E. , Ko Jeff C. H. , Moore George E. , Lambrechts Nicolaas E.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To compare the analgesic effects of intra-articularly administered saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, morphine, dexmedetomidine, and a morphine-dexmedetomidine combination in dogs undergoing stifle joint surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Design—Randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Animals—44 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) or tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Procedures—Dogs received intra-articular injections of saline solution (0.2 mL/kg [0.09 mL/lb]), morphine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]), dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg [1.14 μg/lb]), or a combination of morphine (0.1 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg). Intra-articular injections of the stifle joint were performed after completion of the corrective osteotomy procedure, just prior to skin closure. Signs of pain were assessed every 2 hours thereafter on the basis of mean behavioral and objective pain scores. Dogs with pain scores exceeding predetermined thresholds were given hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg [0.023 mg/lb], SC) as rescue analgesia.

Results—Time to rescue analgesia did not significantly differ between dogs that underwent TTA versus TPLO. No significant difference in time to rescue analgesia was found among dogs receiving intra-articular injections of dexmedetomidine (median, 6 hours; range, 2 to 10 hours), morphine (median, 7 hours; range, 4 to 10 hours), or saline solution (median, 5 hours; range, 4 to 10 hours). However, time to rescue analgesia for dogs receiving intra-articular injection of the morphine-dexmedetomidine combination (median, 10 hours; range, 6 to 14 hours) was significantly longer than the time to rescue analgesia for other treatment groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intra-articular administration of the morphine-dexmedetomidine combination provided longer-lasting postoperative analgesia, compared with either morphine or dexmedetomidine alone, in dogs undergoing TTA or TPLO. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014;244:1291–1297)
Business Intelligence From E -Connotations to Technological Trends
Authors: Homocianu Daniel , Airinei Dinu
Published: May 2014

This article shows most of the E -connotations when approaching the Business Intelligence (BI) field not just as methodology but also as practical implementations meant to serve as a support for organizational decisions. In the last part of the paper the focus is moved to nowadays technological possibilities and trends related to Business Intelligence. Some aspects as the specificity of BI applications, their promises, the problem of real-time response and some other limitations and resolved issues related to their capability to respond to ad-hoc organizational changes by changing their behaviour and feed-back are taken into consideration.
Which Horses are Most Susceptible to the Initial Natural Training?
Authors: Janczarek Iwona , Stachurska Anna , Wilk Izabela
Published: May 2014

The objective of the study was to estimate the horses’ susceptibility to the initial natural training by one mark regarding both the time of training and the heart rate, as well as to verify whether the time of internalizing a task and the heart rate are strictly correlated. the material included 69 thoroughbred, purebred arabian and angloarabian horses. three-day training consisted of consecutive stages-tasks: the concentration on the trainer, desensitizing, preparation for saddling, and saddling. The individual training times and heart rates were classified into three kinds of sections: low, intermediate, and high. the breeds were scored on a three-point scale according to the number of representatives in a section. pearson’s correlations for particular tasks were found between the data in the training time sections and the heart rate. the estimate resulting from the study demonstrates that thoroughbreds are the most susceptible to the natural training. purebred arabians rank second and angloarabians rank lowest. the angloarabians need more time to internalize the training tasks. the short time of internalizing a task by the horse is negatively correlated with the heart rate. however, in horses which need a longer time for the training, the hr is often heightened as well. that suggests the training time should be adjusted to the level of emotional arousal in a horse.
Effect of Commercial Crossbreeding and Growth Intensity on Slaughter Indicators, Microstructure and The Quality Characteristics of Biceps Brachii Muscle in Bulls
Authors: Młynek Krzysztof , Adam Oler , Głowińska Beata
Published: May 2014

The commercial crossbreds with various genotypes and different growth rates in terms of the fattening and slaughter value as well as the microstructure and the quality characteristics of musculus biceps brachii were investigated. The experiment involved 38 bulls: 20 crossbreds obtained from Polish Black-and-White Lowland dams (BW) sired by Limousin bulls (LIM) – group I, and 18 crossbreds obtained from BW cows and Simmental bulls (SIM) – group II. The animals of both groups were divided into low growth rate (LG I and LG II; daily weight gain ≤900 g/day) and high growth rate category (HG I and HG II; >900 g/day). The results show that significantly better dressing percentage and carcass conformation (based on the EUROP carcass classification system) were attained by BW × LIM hybrids. The genotype of bulls did not influence the content of valuable cuts in carcass and meat content of cuts, as well as most characteristics of the meat quality. The differences (P<0.05) in anaerobic index were noticed in both genetic groups of bulls in the two growth rate categories. The findings presented in the experiment also show that the number of bulls with giant fibres (GF) and the size of GF was greater in more intensively growing bulls (P<0.05) and it probably determined the higher values of tenderness and acidity of biceps brachii muscle. It should be noticed that the increased growth rate of bulls may result in poorer quality of meat.
A Review on Effects of Aloe Vera as a Feed Additive in Broiler Chicken Diets
Authors: Babak Darabighane , Nahashon Samuel N.
Published: May 2014

Prohibition of application of antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken diets has resulted in increased use of herbs as natural additives in broiler feeds over the recent years. Researchers particularly look for herbs that can affect such parameters as growth performance, immune response, or treatment of certain diseases. Aloe vera is a well-known herb characterized by properties such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, wound-healing, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic effects. During the past years, attention has shifted toward Aloe vera as a natural additive to broiler diets, and studies have shown that Aloe vera can improve immune response and growth performance in broilers. In addition, Aloe vera is an excellent alternative for antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs. Since Aloe vera can be used for broilers in the form of gel, powder, ethanolic extract, aqueous extract, and a polysaccharide contained in Aloe vera gel (i.e. acemannan), more studies are required to determine the best form and to compare Aloe vera with other medicinal herbs. This paper reviews effects of Aloe vera on intestinal microflora, growth performance, immune response, and coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
Perturbation of Toeplitz operators and reflexivity
Authors: Kliś-Garlicka Kamila
Published: May 2014

It was shown that the space of Toeplitz operators perturbated by finite rank operators is 2-hyperreflexive.
Antibacterial Properties of Functional Polyamide 6.6
Authors: El Bouchti Mehdi , Hannache Hassan , Gmouh Said , Hanafi Naima , Cherkaoui Omar
Published: May 2014

Polyamide 6.6 multifilaments are grafted with the monomer N-allyliminodiacetic acid for the purpose of removal of some heavy metal ions from their aqueous solutions by forming its metal chelate especially with Ag+ ion. Such a fibrous chelate-forming resin has been used with success due to its large surface area, which contains an important metal chelate-forming functional group, where metal ions are adsorbed or desorbed on its surface, and therefore having an improved adsorption and desorption capability. In previous work, chelate-forming fibre was characterised by ICP-AES analysis according to the digestion method by microwave. The antibacterial activity of the prepared fibre is investigated with Escherichia coli bacteria as reference, according to the zone of inhibition method in agar medium. The material used as reference without metal does not present any effect on E. coli. However, the chelateforming fibres with Ag+ have a strong bactericidal effect, even with a low concentration of silver ions. These modified materials can be used as highly effective bactericidal composites that may be used in future applications for the production of antimicrobial textiles, papers or polymer materials
A Study on Electrical Performances and Lifetime of a Flexible Electrochromic Textile Device
Authors: Moretti Constance , Tao Xuyuan , Koncar Vladan , Koehl Ludovic
Published: May 2014

Using their ability to change their color according to an external stimulation, chromic materials can be used to form a color-changing textile. Electrochromism, more particularly, is a colour change phenomenon caused by the application of an electrical potential. A flexible textile electrochromic device composed of four layers is presented. In order to improve the lifetime of this structure, the electrical performances of the electrolyte layer are studied. A method to measure and calculate the resistance variations of the electrolyte applied on a textile cotton substrate is given. Relations between the electrical performances of the electrolyte and the electrochromic effect of the device are also highlighted.
Smart Specialization and EU Eastern Innovation Cooperation: A Conceptual Approach
Authors: Prause Gunnar
Published: May 2014

The concept of smart specialization as a policy approach for regional development through increased regional productivity and competitiveness in the European context is actively discussed (European Union, 2009; OECD, 2014). Meanwhile, smart specialization has found its way into EU cohesion policy as well as into the European Commission’s Innovation Union flagship programme.

In Eastern Europe, economic growth came to a sudden halt during the financial crisis in 2008/2009, leading to mass unemployment, economic decline and shrinking public spending. The economic downturn in Russia after 2008 was triggered by the outflow of capital and avoided large-scale social consequences.

The paper highlights the main conceptual aspects of the smart specialization approach in the European Union and its implications on future EU Eastern Innovation cooperation with a special focus on EU’s largest Eastern partner Russia.
Country Branding and Country Image: Insights, Challenges and Prospects. The Case of Estonia
Authors: Same Siiri , Solarte-Vasquez Maria Claudia
Published: May 2014

Gaining understanding about customers ’mindset and information on their experiences is a precondition for the formulation of an effective country branding strategy. What potential tourists might learn and how they can be made to feel about a place can help small and not very well-known countries compete with bigger and more popular tourist destinations. The article focuses on the effectiveness of Brand Estonia and claims that it is still a challenge, despite the existence of an ongoing strategy. It also favors the revision of the brand identity selection and the promotion of Estonian brand, and supports a customer-based approach for their assessment. Documentary and empirical evidence show that the image of Estonia among its most important target audiences in the field of tourism does not match the Estonian brand identity. The gap in-between was evidenced by the results and content analysis of 24 in-depth interviews made with a selected group of people well acquainted with the country as well as some branding experts. This article contributes to the existing case study literature with findings that also manifest opportunities to strengthen the country brand, if its formulation develops a realistic brand identity and its promotion is based on accurate, unique and appealing ideas. It proposes academic support to innovative or alternative concepts for the country branding, and comments on applications of this study to more specific fields and further research.
A Contribution to Considerations of the Role of Embedded Systems
Authors: Stepanić Josip , Kasać Josip , Merkač Marjana
Published: May 2014

Background: Embedded systems are a ubiquitous part of modern civilisation. Trends point to further intensification of their use. In this article we discuss long-term implications of that process, from the point of view of systems science. Objectives: On a general level, we relate embedded systems to a general class of objects and argue about their role in human life. On a somewhat more specific level, we consider in more details the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. Methods/Approach: In order to achieve the set objectives, we conducted inductive theoretical considerations and presented the results in this section. Results: The hierarchy of notions relating human civilization to environment is established, and embedded systems are positioned within it. Conclusions: Broadening and intensification of the use of embedded systems is a gradual process, heavily intertwined with societal changes. The case study of the development of the unmanned aerial vehicles reveals the potentials of the concept of embedded systems, also in the area of human resources management