bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funktion und Bedeutung von „Vorwahlzeiten“ in der politischen Information / Function and Meaning of the “Pre-Election Period” for Governmental and Parliamentary Caucus Information Policy / Fonction et signification de la «période pré-électorale» dans l’information politique: Les relations publiques du gouvernement et les activités d’information des groupes parlementaires
Authors: Gerz Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

Die politische Informationstätigkeit in den Monaten vor einer Bundestags- oder Landtagswahl wird von Medien und jeweiliger parlamentarischer Opposition dann aufmerksam verfolgt. Denn Regierungen oder parlamentarische Fraktionen auf Bundes- oder Landesebene dürfen mit den ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Haushaltsmitteln nicht verzerrend zugunsten - oder auch zu Lasten - einer Partei in den laufenden Wahlkampf eingreifen. Der Autor leistet einen Beitrag zur gegenwärtigen Diskussion über Grenzziehungen in der politischen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, indem sein Fokus auf der fraktionellen Informationstätigkeit in der Vorwahlzeit liegt. Diese Informationstätigkeit der Fraktionen steht im Spannungsbogen der Forderungen in Prüfberichten, die die Landesrechnungshöfe verantworten, der Urteile oder Beschlüsse der Landesverfassungsgerichte und der Stellungnahmen der Parlamentsfraktionen selbst. Sowohl in Rechtsprechung wie Literatur greift man dabei gern auf die Rechtsgedanken zurück, die das Bundesverfassungsgericht zur regierungsamtlichen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im März 1977 entwickelt hatte. Als Vergleichsmaßstäbe werden schließen die umfangreichen Regelungen der US-Gesetzgebung zum „Franking Privilege“ - dem Informationsprivileg des US-Kongresses - herangezogen. Deren Ausführlichkeit, deren Detailgenauigkeit und organisatorische Vorkehrungen machen deutlich, welche Bedeutung der US-Gesetzgeber der formalen Chancengleichheit der Wahlbewerber und dem möglichen Ausschluss aller Verzerrungen des Wahlkampfes zumisst.
Roman religio as a Framework at Tacitus’ Histories 4.83–84
Authors: Hicks Benjamin W.
Published: June 2017

Tacitus offers an account of the movement of the god Sarapis from the city of Sinope to Alexandria at
Visualization and Analysis of MicroRNAs within KEGG Pathways using VANESA
Authors: Hamzeiy Hamid , Suluyayla Rabia , Brinkrolf Christoph , Janowski Sebastian Jan , Hofestaedt Ralf , Allmer Jens
Published: June 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules which are known to take part in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Here, VANESA, an existing platform for reconstructing, visualizing, and analysis of large biological networks, has been further expanded to include all experimentally validated human miRNAs available within miRBase, TarBase and miRTarBase. This is done by integrating a custom hybrid miRNA database to DAWIS-M.D., VANESA’s main data source, enabling the visualization and analysis of miRNAs within large biological pathways such as those found within the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Interestingly, 99.15 % of human KEGG pathways either contain genes which are targeted by miRNAs or harbor them. This is mainly due to the high number of interaction partners that each miRNA could have (e.g.: hsa-miR-335-5p targets 2544 genes and 71 miRNAs target NUFIP2). We demonstrate the usability of our system by analyzing the measles virus KEGG pathway as a proof-of-principle model and further highlight the importance of integrating miRNAs (both experimentally validated and predicted) into biological networks for the elucidation of novel miRNA-mRNA interactions of biological importance.
Effect of Missing Data on Classification Error in Panel Surveys
Authors: Edwards Susan L. , Berzofsky Marcus E. , Biemer Paul P.
Published: June 2017

Sensitive outcomes of surveys are plagued by wave nonresponse and measurement error (classification error for categorical outcomes). These types of error can lead to biased estimates and erroneous conclusions if they are not understood and addressed. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is a nationally representative rotating panel survey with seven waves measuring property and violent crime victimization. Because not all crime is reported to the police, there is no gold standard measure of whether a respondent was victimized. For panel data, Markov Latent Class Analysis (MLCA) is a model-based approach that uses response patterns across interview waves to estimate false positive and false negative classification probabilities typically applied to complete data.

This article uses Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) to include respondents with partial information in MLCA. The impact of including partial respondents in the MLCA is assessed for reduction of bias in the estimates, model specification differences, and variability in classification error estimates by comparing results from complete case and FIML MLCA models. The goal is to determine the potential of FIML to improve MLCA estimates of classification error. While we apply this process to the NCVS, the approach developed is general and can be applied to any panel survey.
Overwintering form of Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew in southern Syria
Authors: Alimad Nujoud , Naffaa Walid , Azmeh Fawaz
Published: June 2017

The main aims of this study were to determine the overwintering form and the primary inoculum ofErysiphe necator,the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew in southern Syria. Eleven vineyards located at five different geographical sites were visited every week from March to November in 2014 and 2015. The results of field and histopathological studies showed thatE. necatorsurvived as mycelium in dormant grapevine buds during the winter season. The first flag shoots were observed shortly after bud break in spring. The number of flag shoots varied greatly according to vineyards, cultivars and years, being present on 27.4 to 61.9% of the grapevines in 2014, and on 5.2 to 40% of the grapevines in 2015. The percentage of flag shoots on the same grapevine also varied according to the year, cultivar and location. It was between 4.3 to 9.4% in 2014, and 2.1 to 3.6% in 2015. The disease was observed only on Balady and Black cultivars. Conidia were released from the second week of May to early September. The first conidia were trapped around mid-May, and the first secondary symptoms were observed on leaves from mid-May to early June according to the site. Chasmothecia were observed on leaves in 45.5% of the studied vineyards. The first observation of chasmothecia on leaves was in July, and their numbers varied greatly between vineyards and years. Chasmothecia were not detected on bark, nor were ascospores trapped at the beginning of the season. These results confirmed that the ascospores did not have any role in the initiation of spring infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the overwintering form ofE. necatorin Syria.
Macro-microscopic research in reideer (Rangifer tarandus) hoof suitable for efficient locomotion on complex grounds
Authors: Zhang Rui , Qiao Yu , Ji Qiaoli , Ma Songsong , Li Jianqiao
Published: June 2017

Introduction:Reindeer are adapted to long distance migration. This species can cope with variations in substrate, especially in ice and snow environment. However, few detailed studies about reindeer hoof are available. Thus this article describes the results of studies on macro- and micro-structures of reindeer hoof.

Material and Methods:The gross anatomy of the reindeer hooves was examined. Stereo microscope (SM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe four key selected positions of reindeer hooves. Moreover, element contents of the three selected positions of reindeer hooves were analysed using the SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope.

Results:Hoof bone structures were similar to other artiodactyl animals. In the microscopic analysis, the surfaces of the ungula sphere and ungula sole presented irregular laminated structure. Ungula edge surfaces were smooth and ungula cusp surfaces had unique features. Aside from C, O, and N, reindeer hooves contained such elements as S, Si, Fe, Al, and Ca. The content of the elements in different parts varied. Ti was the particular element in the ungula sole, and ungula edge lacked Mg and S which other parts contained.

Conclusion:The macro- and micro-structures of the reindeer hooves showed high performance of skid and abrasion resistance. It is most probably essential to the long distance migration for the animals.
Identification of the Area for Proper Integration of Three Current Storage Objects into One Complex Logistics Point
Authors: Li Chenguang , Hlatká Martina
Published: June 2017

The paper presents an option to identify the suitable area for locating the specific storage object in order to integrate three current storage objects into one complex logistics point. Initial chapters of the paper are focused on overview of theoretical terms related to the storage objects, their activities, services, parameters as well as their location and allocation. Other parts of this paper outline specific methods regarding the issue of storage objects location. Its main part describes individual steps for identifying the suitable storage object location in the certain area using the specific method.
Habitat associations of small mammals in the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa
Authors: Simelane Felicity Nonsimiso , Mahlaba Themb’alilahlwa A.M. , Shapiro Julie Teresa , MacFadyen Duncan , Monadjem Ara
Published: June 2017

Mountains provide important habitats for many species and often have high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Habitat associations of terrestrial small mammals were investigated at Wakefield Farm at the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa from July 2015 to January 2016. Sherman live traps were used to capture small mammals on 35 grids in six different habitats. A total of 472 individuals, from 14 species, were recorded, comprising: 10 rodents, three shrews and one golden mole. Species diversity differed across habitats and seasons. The riparian habitat had the highest species richness, diversity and abundance of small mammals. Species composition also differed across habitats with the indigenous forest and rocky outcrops supporting the most distinct assemblages.
Phylogenetic position of the Ancash leaf-eared mouse Phyllotis definitus Osgood 1915 (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Rengifo Edgardo M. , Pacheco Victor
Published: June 2017

The phylogenetic position of the Ancash leaf-eared mouse Phyllotis definitus remains unresolved, as this species has been considered to be related to Phyllotis magister, Phyllotis xanthopygus or Phyllotis andium by several authors. The objective of this study was to clarify the phylogenetic position of P. definitus using 801 base pairs of cytochrome b sequences. A matrix constituted by 43 specimens was subjected to maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses. Our results indicate that P. definitus is a member of the “andium/amicus” group and is closely related to Phyllotis pearsoni, supporting a set of chromosomal and morphological characters previously identified for this group.
Strategic Aspect of Knowledge Management
Authors: Arsenijević Olja , Trivan Dragan , Podbregar Iztok , Šprajc Polona
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose:This paper analyses the strategic aspects of knowledge management in organizations in Serbia, from the theoretical and empirical point of view. In its theoretical part, the paper analyzes the latest literature in the fields of knowledge management, relations between communications strategyes and knowledge management, generations of knowledge management and organizational culture.

Design/Methodology/Approach:In its empirical part, the paper deals with determining the level of knowledge management in Serbian organizations through diffrent generations of knowledge management, as well as the problem with explicit and tacit knowledge management. The hypotheses were tested using data colleted from organizatons in Serbia via questionnaire, which consisted of 50 questions to examine five key factors in knowledge management.

Results:The results showed that out of 41 indicators, only eight are rated positively. Results of t-test indicate significant distinctions within factors affecting the quality of knowledge management, as well as differences in quality of explicit and tacit knowledge management, therefore they confirmed both hypotheses.

Conclusion:The knowledge management projects in organizations in Serbia are initiated, as well as that belonging to the first generation of knowledge management can be defined.
A critical review of the proposed definitions of fundamental chemical quantities and their impact on chemical communities (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Marquardt Roberto , Meija Juris , Mester Zoltan , Towns Marcy , Weir Ron , Davis Richard , Stohner Jürgen
Published: June 2017

In the proposed new SI, the kilogram will be redefined in terms of the Planck constant and the mole will be redefined in terms of the Avogadro constant. These redefinitions will have some consequences for measurements in chemistry. The goal of the Mole Project (IUPAC Project Number 2013-048-1-100) was to compile published work related to the definition of the quantity ‘amount of substance’, its unit the ‘mole’, and the consequence of these definitions on the unit of the quantity mass, the kilogram. The published work has been reviewed critically with the aim of assembling all possible aspects in order to enable IUPAC to judge the adequateness of the existing definitions or new proposals. Compilation and critical review relies on the broadest spectrum of interested IUPAC members.
Electrochemical DNA sensors based on spatially distributed redox mediators: challenges and promises
Authors: Evtugyn Gennady A. , Porfireva Anna V. , Stoikov Ivan I.
Published: June 2017

DNA and aptasensors are widely used for fast and reliable detection of disease biomarkers, pharmaceuticals, toxins, metabolites and other species necessary for biomedical diagnostics. In the overview, the concept of spatially distributed redox mediators is considered with particular emphasis to the signal generation and biospecific layer assembling. The application of non-conductive polymers bearing redox labels, supramolecular carriers with attached DNA aptamers and redox active dyes and E-sensor concept are considered as examples of the approach announced.
Occlusion of magnetic nanoparticles within calcium carbonate single crystals under external magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Lifu , Huang Ruoyu , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Wu Jianbo , Deng Tao , Shang Wen
Published: June 2017

This work studied the growth of calcium carbonate single crystals on top of the monolayer of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with added external magnetic field. It showed that the occlusion process of the NPs into calcium carbonate single crystals varies as the force balance on the NPs shifts. Under no or weak magnetic field, the NPs are relatively mobile, the separation force from the substrate on NPs due to the growing calcium carbonate crystals is larger than the attraction force to the substrate by the magnetic field. The complete occlusion of the NPs into the single crystals is therefore observed. As the magnetic field strength increases, the balance shifts toward the attraction force. The mobility of NPs decreases and partial occlusion of the NPs into the single crystals is gradually observed. The findings in this study offer further insight into the occlusion process experienced by the NPs and also potential approach in engineering the force balance for the design and generation of composite materials that occlude foreign materials into their matrix.
Electronic nose and visible-near infrared spectroscopy in fruit and vegetable monitoring
Authors: Beghi Roberto , Buratti Susanna , Giovenzana Valentina , Benedetti Simona , Guidetti Riccardo
Published: June 2017

In recent decades, there has been a substantial increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables due to their nutritional properties since they are known as sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Moreover, a substantial growth in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables has been noticed because of their ease to use; in fact changes in human life styles have led consumers to move towards ready-to-eat products. In this context, product quality must be preserved at each step of product handling, processing, and storage, and therefore rapid methods should be available to provide useful information in process management. In this review an overview of the applications of widely used non-destructive techniques, namely, electronic nose and visible/near infrared spectroscopy, for measuring quality of fruits and vegetables is presented. A brief description of spectroscopic and electronic devices and a selection of applications are provided. Future perspectives about the simplification/application of these non-destructive techniques are finally explored.
Financial Risks and the Division of Moral Labour
Authors: Eskelinen Teppo , Mäkinen Jukka
Published: June 2017

Modern society is characterised by the constant production, commodification, and distribution of risks, which has also become an increasingly important political issue. Given the commodification and the resulting distributability of risks, risks have become an issue of distributive justice instead of mere reason for precautionary concerns. This is particularly pronounced in the case of financial risks. In this article, we analyze how choices related to distributive justice inform the systems of risk distribution. Our main aim is to apply the Rawlsian notion of “division of moral labor” in the context of financial risks. By an analysis of the scope of financial risks, we will show that the libertarian choice of division of moral labour rests on an unnecessarily narrow idea of the scope of the distribution of risks.
Donald Trump und die internationale Handelspolitik
Authors: Klodt Henning
Published: June 2017

Kurzfassung:

Die Abkehr der neuen US-Regierung vom Leitbild des internationalen Freihandels und die Hinwendung zu einer merkantilistisch geprägten Industriepolitik sind unübersehbar. Das wird die Wohlstandsgewinne aus internationalem Handel beeinträchtigen und zwar sowohl in den USA als auch in vielen anderen Ländern. Durch die avisierten Strafzölle werden zudem keine Industriearbeitsplätze in die USA zurückgebracht, sondern gut ausgebaute und sensible internationale Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke zerstört. Die Verlierer werden gerade die Industriearbeiter sein, als deren Anwalt sich Donald Trump geriert. Dennoch sollte die EU darauf verzichten, handelspolitische Vergeltungsmaßnahmen zu ergreifen, und lieber ihre Bemühungen fortsetzen, den Freihandel zu fördern, notfalls auch ohne Beteiligung der USA.
Der Iran nach dem Atom-Deal: Eine bleibende strategische Bedrohung
Authors: Fikenscher Sven-Eric
Published: June 2017

Im Blickpunkt dieses Beitrags stehen die Chancen auf einen kooperationsorientierten Wandel der iranischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im Zuge des Nukleardeals. Wie die nähere Analyse zeigt, enthält das Abkommen zwar weitgehende Beschränkungen der iranischen Nuklearaktivitäten, kann aber mitnichten eine strategische Neuausrichtung des Irans herbeiführen. Die Ideologie des iranischen Regimes, die Agenda und der Einfluss des Teheraner Sicherheitsapparates sowie die gesamte strategische Orientierung des Landes lassen eine unverminderte Aggressivität gegenüber den Vereinigten Staaten, Israel und einer wachsenden Zahl arabischer Staaten erkennen.
Phenomenon in the Evolution of Voles (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae)
Authors: Rekovets L. I. , Kovalchuk O. M.
Published: June 2017

This paper presents analytical results of the study of adaptatiogenesis within the family Arvicolidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) based of morphological changes of the most functional characters of their masticatory apparatus — dental system — through time. The main directions of the morphological differentiation in parallel evolution of the arvicolid tooth type within the Cricetidae and Arvicolidae during late Miocene and Pliocene were identified and substantiated. It is shown that such unique morphological structure as the arvicolid tooth type has provided a relatively high rate of evolution of voles and a wide range of their adaptive radiation, as well as has determined their taxonomic and ecological diversity. The optimality of the current state of this group and evaluation of evolutionary prospects of Arvicolidae were presented and substantiated here as a phenomenon in their evolution.
A New Species of the Genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with Shining Abdominal Tergites from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Korneyev S. V.
Published: June 2017

Tephritis heringinella sp. n. associated with Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae) in Kyrgyzstan is described. The new species share shiny black abdominal tergites with species of Tephritis corolla-sauterina group and the species currently assigned to Heringina Aczél, differing from the Tephritis corolla-sauterina group by the details of wing pattern and from Heringina spp. also with the aculeus shape. Possible phylogenetic relationships of Tephritis heringinella and Heringina are discussed.
Species of the Family Eimeriidae (Coccidia, Apicomplexa) Parasitic in Cattle at Dairy Farms in Kyiv and Zhytomyr Regions of Ukraine
Authors: Slobodian R. O. , Kychyliuk Yu. V. , Soroka N. M.
Published: June 2017

The results of identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts based on fecal examination of cattle of the first year of life from 7 farms of Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions of Ukraine are presented in article. Nine species of Eimeria, namely, Eimeria zuernii (Rivolta, 1878) Martin, 1909; E. bovis (Zublin, 1908) Fiebiger, 1912; E. ellipsoidalis Becker and Frye, 1929; E. bukidnonensis Tubangui, 1931; E. cylindrica Wilson, 1931; E. canadensis Bruce, 1921; E. auburnensis Christensen and Porter, 1939; E. brasiliensis Torres and Ramos, 1939; E. wyomingensis Huizinga and Winger, 1942 were identified. Species of E. canadensis, E. auburnensis, E. brasiliensis and E. wyomingensis were found in calves for the first time in Ukraine.
Preadaptive Stage for Flight Origin
Authors: Bogdanovich I. A.
Published: June 2017

Bipedalism as a preadaptive stage for bird’s flight is considered. We attribute the formation of full bipedalism in bird ancestors with pelvic limbs transition from segmental to parasagittal position. This transition was fast enough. We can assume that the pectoral limbs freed from the support remained while laterally spaced and gave set of transformations with different degrees of reduction. Thus morphologically “winglike” version of the thoracic limbs could appear. Parasagittal pelvic limbs allowed birds ancestors fast and maneuverable running, while the movements of free and highly movable thoracic limbs (feathered unrelated to flight) provided dynamic stability of the animal. In addition, their fluttering movements facilitate hopping from one branch to another and the descent from the trees. On the bottom branches protobirds could jump with perching just by the pelvic anisodactyl limbs, not by thoracic as had supposed earlier. Active interaction of the primary simple feathers with air as well as its protective function could become an impetus for their transformation into differentiated structures. Unlike gliding (as preadaptive stage for active flight) bipedalism with free feathered forelimbs provides per se parallel development of two autonomous enough locomotor systems of birds (flight and terrestrial locomotion) and extensive adaptive radiation of representatives of the class.
Obesity Accelerates Alzheimer-Related Pathology inAPOE4but notAPOE3Mice
Authors: Moser V. Alexandra , Pike Christian J.
Published: June 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk is modified by both genetic and environmental risk factors, which are believed to interact to cooperatively modify pathogenesis. Although numerous genetic and environmental risk factors for AD have been identified, relatively little is known about potential gene-environment interactions in regulating disease risk. The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD is the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4). An important modifiable risk factor for AD is obesity, which has been shown to increase AD risk in humans and accelerate development of AD-related pathology in rodent models. Potential interactions betweenAPOE4 and obesity are suggested by the literature but have not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, we evaluated this relationship by studying the effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in the EFAD mouse model, which combines familial AD transgenes with humanAPOE3 orAPOE4. Male E3FAD and E4FAD mice were maintained for 12 weeks on either a control diet or a Western diet high in saturated fat and sugars. We observed that metabolic outcomes of DIO were similar in E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Importantly, our data showed a significant interaction between diet andAPOEgenotype on AD-related outcomes in which Western diet was associated with robust increases in amyloid deposits, β-amyloid burden, and glial activation in E4FAD but not in E3FAD mice. These findings demonstrate an important gene-environment interaction in an AD mouse model that suggests that AD risk associated with obesity is strongly influenced byAPOEgenotype.
The Virtual Mouse Brain: A Computational Neuroinformatics Platform to Study Whole Mouse Brain Dynamics
Authors: Melozzi Francesca , Woodman Marmaduke M. , Jirsa Viktor K. , Bernard Christophe
Published: June 2017

Connectome-based modeling of large-scale brain network dynamics enables causalin silicointerrogation of the brain’s structure-function relationship, necessitating the close integration of diverse neuroinformatics fields. Here we extend the open-source simulation software The Virtual Brain (TVB) to whole mouse brain network modeling based on individual diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)-based or tracer-based detailed mouse connectomes. We provide practical examples on how to use The Virtual Mouse Brain (TVMB) to simulate brain activity, such as seizure propagation and the switching behavior of the resting state dynamics in health and disease. TVMB enables theoretically driven experimental planning and ways to test predictions in the numerous strains of mice available to study brain function in normal and pathological conditions.
Murine cytomegalovirus IE3‐dependent transcription is required for DAI/ZBP1‐mediated necroptosis
Authors: Sridharan Haripriya , Ragan Katherine B , Guo Hongyan , Gilley Ryan P , Landsteiner Vanessa J , Kaiser William J , Upton Jason W
Published: June 2017

DNA‐dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors/Z‐DNA binding protein 1 (DAI/ZBP1) is a crucial sensor of necroptotic cell death induced by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in its natural host. Here, we show that viral capsid transport to the nucleus and subsequent viral IE3‐dependent early transcription are required for necroptosis. Necroptosis induction does not depend on input virion DNA or newly synthesized viral DNA. A putative RNA‐binding domain of DAI/ZBP1, Zα2, is required to sense virus and trigger necroptosis. Thus, MCMV IE3‐dependent transcription from the viral genome plays a crucial role in activating DAI/ZBP1‐dependent necroptosis. This implicates RNA transcripts generated by a large double‐stranded DNA virus as a biologically relevant ligand for DAI/ZBP1 during natural viral infection.
Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mebius Mirthe J. , Kooi Elisabeth M.W. , Bilardo Catherina M. , Bos Arend F.
Published: June 2017

CONTEXT:

Brain injury during prenatal and preoperative postnatal life might play a major role in neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) who require corrective or palliative surgery during infancy. A systematic review of cerebral findings during this period in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome (NDO), however, is lacking.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the association between prenatal and postnatal preoperative cerebral findings and NDO in infants with CHD who require corrective or palliative surgery during infancy.

DATA SOURCES:

PubMed, Embase, reference lists.

STUDY SELECTION:

We conducted 3 different searches for English literature between 2000 and 2016; 1 for prenatal cerebral findings, 1 for postnatal preoperative cerebral findings, and 1 for the association between brain injury and NDO.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently screened sources and extracted data on cerebral findings and neurodevelopmental outcome. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

RESULTS:

Abnormal cerebral findings are common during the prenatal and postnatal preoperative periods. Prenatally, a delay of cerebral development was most common; postnatally, white matter injury, periventricular leukomalacia, and stroke were frequently observed. Abnormal Doppler measurements, brain immaturity, cerebral oxygenation, and abnormal EEG or amplitude-integrated EEG were all associated with NDO.

LIMITATIONS:

Observational studies, different types of CHD with different pathophysiological effects, and different reference values.

CONCLUSIONS:

Prenatal and postnatal preoperative abnormal cerebral findings might play an important role in neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with CHD. Increased awareness of the vulnerability of the young developing brain of an infant with CHD among caregivers is essential.
Caracterización de las prácticas educativas en la enseñanza de la Medicina
Authors: Vera-Silva Leonor , Calderón-García Alberto
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Durante la primera fase de la tesis doctoral en educación El Conocimiento Profesional del Profesor de Medicina (CPPM) en sus Prácticas Educativas, en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, se estudiaron las características de las prácticas educativas realizadas por los profesores para la enseñanza de la Medicina y se destacó la escasa investigación sobre el conocimiento profesional de estos; también se recalcó la importancia de estas prácticas para la educación en salud.Objetivo. Identificar las prácticas educativas en la enseñanza de la Medicina y sus componentes.Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a 15 médicos profesores de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá.Resultados. Las prácticas educativas en medicina se ubican en diferentes espacios académicos y tienen diversas estrategias didácticas como clases magistrales, seminarios investigativos, atención a pacientes, demostración de técnicas de laboratorio y quirúrgicas, casos clínicos y actividades comunitarias.Conclusiones. Los conceptos revisados favorecen la creación de ambientes académicos y la aplicación de modelos pedagógicos apropiados facilitan la comunicación, la cual contribuye en el aprendizaje del estudiante dentro del proceso educativo. De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, en este campo convergen dos contextos: el universitario y el de la salud.
Anatomical variations of the aortic arch in a sample of Colombian population
Authors: Rojas Manuel , Muete Wilson , Quijano Yobanny
Published: June 2017

Introducción. El arco aórtico (AA) es el origen de estructuras vasculares que suplen los miembros superiores y el encéfalo. Se han descrito hasta ocho diferentes tipos de distribución con implicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de las variaciones anatómicas del AA y establecer los diámetros vasculares de sus ramas emergentes en una muestra de población colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo analítico transversal mediante disección de 35 plastrones cervicotorácicos obtenidos con muestreo a conveniencia.Resultados. La distribución de los AA resultó muy similar a la reportada en Colombia y otros países, siendo más frecuente el AA Tipo I seguido del AA Tipo II o arco bovino. Los diámetros vasculares arrojaron resultados análogos a otros obtenidos en población colombiana, pero medias evidentemente menores a las reportadas en estudios internacionales.Conclusión. Aunque las frecuencias de los tipos de AA de la población colombiana resultan ser similares a las de otros países, los diámetros vasculares en Colombia son menores.
Evolução do sistema público de saúde no Brasil frente ao estágio atual da prevenção do câncer de colo uterino em mulheres jovens e adolescentes
Authors: Sanches Taís Tovani , Siqueira-Oliveira Thaliany , Moretti Cristina , Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto , Hishinuma Gilberto
Published: June 2017

O câncer de colo uterino representa um problema de saúde pública em nível mundial, estando em grande parte dos casos relacionado com a infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano. O exame de Papanicolau é ainda o principal instrumento para o rastreamento das lesões precursoras. Contudo no Brasil, tal meio diagnóstico-preventivo é preconizado apenas para mulheres na faixa etária entre os 25 e 64 anos. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo prover uma revisão/atualização crítica da evolução e princípios do sistema de saúde público brasileiro diante da situação atual da prevenção do câncer de colo uterino em mulheres jovens e adolescentes. Ressalta-se que os problemas de saúde do Brasil passaram do período colonial, marcado pelas doenças pestilenciais, para a atualidade com a emergência de doenças crônicas a exemplo dos cânceres. Além disso, a literatura científica reporta taxas preocupantes para a ocorrência de alterações citopatológicas cérvico-vaginais em mulheres jovens e adolescentes no país defronte a diversos agravos neste contexto.  Assim sendo, a gestão da saúde no Brasil necessita de amplos ajustes  visando principalmente a inserção de mulheres e adolescentes de 10 a 24 anos nos programas de diagnóstico precoce do câncer de colo uterino.
Características del alcoholismo en mujeres
Authors: Míguez María Del Carmen , Permuy Beatriz
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Durante décadas, las investigaciones sobre el alcoholismo se hicieron con muestras formadas casi exclusivamente por varones; sin embargo, el creciente interés por las necesidades de las mujeres que presentan esta problemática ha generado un aumento de los estudios sobre las diferencias de género en los trastornos por consumo de alcohol.Objetivo. Obtener una visión actualizada de las características diferenciadoras del alcoholismo en mujeres.Materiales y métodos. Revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline entre los años 2004 y 2014.Resultados. Los estudios revisados muestran diferencias de género en la edad de inicio del consumo, el curso clínico, los factores de riesgo, la presencia de comorbilidad psicopatológica y la demanda de tratamiento.Conclusiones. Las mujeres presentan una mayor edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol y una historia de consumo más corta hasta que desarrollan problemas. Entre los factores de riesgo de consumo se observa mayor frecuencia de acontecimientos traumáticos —como maltrato y abuso sexual infantil— y convivencia con una pareja alcohólica. Las mujeres con problemas de alcoholismo también presentan mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y ansiedad y menor uso de los servicios asistenciales.
Impact of a freeway on the dispersal of ticks and Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: forested resting areas may become Lyme disease hotspots
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Mulvihill Maria , Szőke Krisztina , Gönczi Enikő , Sulyok Kinga M. , Gyuranecz Miklós , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina
Published: June 2017

Man-made barriers are well known for their effects on ecosystems. Habitat fragmentation, for instance, is a recognised consequence of modern-day infrastructure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of tick species, as well as the risks of acquiring tick-borne infections in habitats adjacent to a freeway. Therefore, ixodid ticks were collected from the vegetation at two-week intervals (in the main tick season, from March to June) in eight habitats of different types (forest, grove, grassland) along both sides of a freeway. Ixodes ricinus females were molecularly screened for three species of tick-borne bacteria. In the study period, 887 ixodid ticks were collected. These included 704 I. ricinus (79.4%), 51 Dermacentor reticulatus (5.7%), 78 D. marginatus (8.8%), 35 Haemaphysalis inermis (3.9%) and 19 H. concinna (2.1%). There was no significant difference in the abundance of tick species between similar habitats separated by the freeway, except for the absence of Dermacentor spp. on one side. In I. ricinus females, the overall prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was low, and (in part due to this low rate) did not show significant difference between the two sides of the freeway. Rickettsia helvetica had significantly different overall prevalence between two distant habitats along the same side of the freeway (12.3% vs. 31.4%), but not between habitats on the opposite sides. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. showed significantly different overall prevalence between habitats both on the same and on the opposite sides of the freeway (8.6–35.9%), and the difference was higher if relevant habitats were also separated by the freeway. Importantly, the prevalence rate of the Lyme disease agent was highest in a forested resting area of the freeway, and was significantly inversely proportional to the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum (taking into account all evaluated habitats), apparently related to deer population density. Prevalence rates of these bacteria also differed significantly on single sampling occasions between: (1) closely situated habitats of different types; (2) distant and either similar or different habitat types; and (3) habitats on the opposite sides of the freeway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study show that a fenced freeway may contribute to differences in tick species diversity and tick-borne pathogen prevalence along its two sides, and this effect is most likely a consequence of its barrier role preventing deer movements.
Conceptualizing translation revision competence: A pilot study on the acquisition of the knowledge about revision and strategic subcompetences
Authors: Terryn Ayla Rigouts , Robert Isabelle S. , Ureel Jim J. J. , Remael Aline , Hanoulle Sabien
Published: June 2017

Translation revision (TR) is an important step in the translation workflow. However, translation revision competence (TRC) remains an ill-defined concept. This article addresses that gap by operationalizing TR and by presenting a theoretical TRC model. Subsequently, the article analyses and interprets the results of an empirical pilot study designed to test the presence of two TR subcompetences hypothesized by the TRC model, in an experimental group and a control group of 21 MA language students. The experimental group was given TR training whereas the control group was not. The two subcompetences that were tested using a pretest—posttest experimental design were declarative-procedural knowledge about TR and the procedural strategic revision subcompetence. Both groups of participants replied to questionnaires and performed controlled revision tasks, which were subjected to quantitative statistical analyses. This article provides a detailed analysis of the results and the causes of the limited progress. In addition, it discusses the lessons learnt for both TR training and further research.
LUBUK LARANGAN: BENTUK PERILAKU EKOLOGIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN (TIPOLOGI SUNGAI)
Authors: Kurniasari Nendah , Yulisti Maharani , Yuliaty Christina
Published: June 2017

Perilaku ekologis masyarakat di sekitar sungai merupakan sebuah modal mendasar bagi keberlangsungan sumberdaya ikan di kawasan sungai tersebut. Oleh karenanya, makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku ekologis masyarakat lokal dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya sungai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2012 pada masyarakat Nagari Manggilang Kecamatan Pangkalan Koto Baru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Sumatera Barat yang menetap di daetah aliran sungai Batang Talagiri dan Batang Manggilang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang menginterpretasikan secara logic hubungan antara faktor-faktor pendorong, implementasi serta implikasi perilaku ekologis tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perilaku ekologis masyarakat Nagari Manggilang dalam memperlakukan sungai didukung oleh beberapa hal yaitu kondisi geografis, pola kepemimpinan, hukum adat, dan sistem mata pencaharian masyarat. Keempat unsur ini turut andil dalam melestarikan perilaku ekologis tersebut. Perilaku ekologis masyakat Manggilang yang terwujud dalam lubuk larangan tidak hanya berimplikasi terhadap perilaku ekologi masyarakat secara kolektif, juga merubah perilaku sosial ekonomi masyarakat ke arah yang lebih produktif dan memiliki nilai moral yang tinggi. Title: Lubuk Larangan: Form of Ecological Behavior of Local Community in The Inland Fisheries Resource Management (River Tipology)Ecological behavior is a potential capital of sustainable resources. This paper aims to study the ecological behavior of local communities in the use of river resources. This study was conducted in 2012 at Nagari Manggilang, Pangkalan Koto Baru, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatera with the objects are the community who settled in the watershed of the Batang Talagiri river and Batang Manggilang river. Data analysed by using descriptive qualitative that interpreted logically the relation among the supportive factors, implementation factors, and the implication of the ecological behavior. The results  showed that the ecological behavior of Nagari Manggilang’ residents in treating the river suppoerted by several elements: geography, leadership patterns, customary laws, and livelihood systems. All of these elements contributed to preserve the ecological behavior. This ecological behavior at Nagari Manggilang’ residents that materialized as “Lubuk Larangan” was not only implicated to the ecological behavior of the society, but also changed the social behavior as well as economic behavior towards a more productive society and higher morale values
Patient-Driven Second Opinions in Oncology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hillen Marij A. , Medendorp Niki M. , Daams Joost G. , Smets Ellen M.A.
Published: June 2017

Background

Although patient-driven second opinions are increasingly sought in oncology, the desirability of this trend remains unknown. Therefore, this systematic review assesses evidence on the motivation for and frequency of requests for second opinions and examines how they evolve and their consequences for oncological practice.

Materials and Methods

Relevant databases were sought using the terms “cancer,” “second opinion,” and “self-initiated.” Included were peer-reviewed articles that reported on patient-initiated second opinions within oncology. Selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed and discussed by two researchers.

Results

Of the 25 included studies, the methodological designs were qualitative (n = 4), mixed (n = 1), or quantitative (n = 20). Study quality was rated high for 10 studies, moderate for eight, and low for seven studies. Reported rates of second opinion seeking ranged from 1%–88%. Higher education was most consistently related to seeking a second opinion. Patients’ primary motivations were a perceived need for certainty or confirmation, a lack of trust, dissatisfaction with communication, and/or a need for more (personalized) information. Reported rates of diagnostic or therapeutic discrepancies between the first and second opinions ranged from 2%–51%.

Discussion

Additional studies are required to further examine the medical, practical, and psychological consequences of second opinions for patients and oncologists. Future studies could compare the potential advantages and disadvantages of second opinion seeking, and might offer guidance to patients and physicians to better facilitate the second opinion process. Some practical recommendations are provided for oncologists to optimally discuss and conduct second opinions with their patients. The Oncologist 2017;22:1197–1211
Safety Analysis of Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients in PALOMA-3 Study: Is It Worth Mentioning?
Authors: Altundag Kadri
Published: June 2017

This letter reflects on the PALOMA-3 study, as related to the safety analysis of premenopausal breast cancer patients.
Protocol for LEO filter sample DNA extractions using PowerWater kit v1
Authors: PowerWater instructions amended with specific instructions MoBio
Published: June 2017

Procedure for DNA extractions using PowerWater DNA extraction kit from filtered LEO seepage watersamples and prelimnary QC by nanodrop
APPROBATION OF MICROBIALLY AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS (MAP) DETERMINATION METHOD BY FLOW CYTOMETRY
Authors: Frolova Marta , Zemītis Jurģis , Tihomirova Kristina , Mežule Linda , Rubulis Jānis , Gruškeviča Kamila , Juhna Tālis
Published: June 2017

Phosphorus (P) is among the most important nutrients required for bacterial growth. It has a great influence on microbial activity even at very small concentrations. Existing chemical methods are not able to determine P at low enough concentrations and to quantify biologically available phosphorus fractions. Therefore, a method of microbially available phosphorus (MAP) determination is used to quantify the amount of P at concentrations below 20 µg/l. Additionally, this method determines the amount of P that can be directly used by microorganisms.

Originally it was determined by inoculating sample by Pseudomonas fluorescens (now Ps. brenneri) P17 strain and spread-plated on R2A agar for enumeration. Further, a more rapid method was developed by replacing heterotrophic plate count (HPC) by flow cytometry (FCM).

In this paper the use of FCM for MAP determination is validated and compared with HPC method. The results of calibration are presented. The original pure P17 strain was used as inoculum and standards with different PO4-P concentrations were inoculated at 30°C. The gained yield factor by FCM was 1.59x108. FCM results showed strong correlation (R2=0.99) with HPC results, as pure culture was used. Therefore, flow cytometry is a rapid alternative to heterotrophic plate count method for microbially available phosphorus determination.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC COMPOUND CONTENT OF BIRCH OUTER BARK EXTRACTS USING MICRO PLATE ASSAY
Authors: Nakurte Ilva , Stankus Kristaps , Virsis Inguss , Paze Aigars , Rizhikovs Janis
Published: June 2017

In modern plants, 2.7 to 2.8 m3 of solid volume veneer blocks are consumed to produce 1 m3 of plywood. After the hydrothermal treatment and debarking of blocks, waste bark is obtained, which makes up 12.5% of the wood mass, while 16-20% of bark is composed of birch outer bark (BOB). Recalculating, BOB makes up 2.0-3.4% of the veneer log mass. Bark is currently burned in boiler houses that is not rational. BOB contains large amount of valuable extractives (up to 34% from o.d. BOB) consisting of various secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, hydrocarbons, polyphenols, tannins etc. BOB extractives exhibit antioxidant properties as well as wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this paper was to compare amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and antiradical activity (ARA) in ethanol extracts from silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) outer bark using micro plate assay. Among 11 fractions, fraction of average BOB had the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 39.28 μg/mL and the highest TPC 7.42 ± 0.52 g GAE/100 g of dry extract.