bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Zuschauerraum des Theaters von Ephesos
Authors: Styhler-Aydin Gudrun
Published: September 2022

Following on from the publication of the archaeological findings, in this second volume on the Great Theatre at Ephesos the results of the latest architectural research in the auditorium of the theatre are presented. The current work is the most recent architectural research in the auditorium of the Theatre of Ephesos which was conducted in the years 2003–2011. After an introductory description of the research history and the current state of preservation, the various building phases of the auditorium from Hellenism through to the Byzantine era are presented in detail and the architectural findings discussed using drawings, plans and photographs as well as through comparison with similar buildings. Contributions on the sculptures and investigations into the mortar used in its construction complement the findings. Even during the Hellenistic era, the Theatre at Ephesos was one of the largest theatre buildings in Asia Minor. In further stages of construction from the 1st century AD through to the first half of the 2nd century AD it became one of the biggest theatre spaces in Asia Minor of the Roman Imperial age, with a diameter of close to 150 meters. Supplementing the existing datings derived from inscriptions, the latest findings enable a comprehensive presentation of the construction of the theatre. The most recent research also expands upon the existing research on the Late period and adds to the already acquired knowledge on the stage building.
The poverty-benefit effects of the integration of the three rural sector industries: The case of China
Authors: Zhu Kunlin , Xiang Weili , Sheng-Xian Teo Brian , Zunirah Mohd Talib Siti
Published: September 2022

This paper aimed to empirically substantiate the Poverty-Benefit Effects of the Integration of the Three Rural Sector Industries in China. The study results show that the integration of three rural industries has a significant poverty-benefiting impact. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the age, gender, education level, and region of the household head also have a certain degree of influence on the poverty-beneficial effect of the integration of the three rural assets. The study of the poverty-beneficial impacts of the integration of the three rural industries can provide theoretical support for China to consolidate the poverty-eradication achievements, promote the integration of the three rural industries, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate agricultural and rural modernization. At the same time, China’s experience also has implications for developing rural industrial integration in other countries.
Influence of the development of human capital and social identification of the rural laborers’ mobility in rural strategy revitalization in China
Authors: Xiang Weili , Zhu Kunlin , Sheng-Xian Teo Brian , Zunirah Mohd Talib Siti
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between human capital and rural laborers’ willingness to return to their hometowns based on the moderating effect of identity in China. The results show that the level of human capital significantly affects the willingness of the mobile population to return to their hometowns, but this effect is reversed, i.e., the increase in the level of human capital reduces the willingness of rural laborers to return to their hometowns. The urban identity of rural laborers after flowing into cities has a significant positive moderating effect on their willingness to return to their hometowns. Improving the carrying capacity of economic development in rural areas, further strengthening infrastructure construction in rural areas to provide the material basis for rural revitalization and labor force return, and at the same time strengthening the education and training of farmers to enhance their main status is recommended.
Urban identity as a factor in increasing the urbanization efficiency in China
Authors: Li Hanbing , Wang Zhitao , Sheng-Xian Teo Brian , Khalidah Md Yusoff Siti
Published: September 2022

The urban identity of the migrant population in the citizenship process is a key factor in determining whether they are willing to stay in the city. This paper examines the relationship between identity and the willingness of rural migrants to stay using the Data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey. The results show a significant positive correlation between the urban identity of the agricultural transfer population and their willingness to stay, and the urban identity can increases the probability of their stay. A moderating variable, the improvement of personal skill level, however, increases the probability of rural migrants returning to their hometowns. Based on the above findings, we suggest improving the urban identity of rural migrants to promote the two-way flow of labor between urban and rural areas, which will help narrow the urban-rural gap further and promote the equalization of urban-rural identity in China.
Motivation factors of internal migration and agriculture in Azerbaijan
Authors: Bagirov Rashad , Humbatov Yusif , Efendiyev Rufat , Mehdiyeva Irada , Sultanova Naila
Published: September 2022

With increasing non-constructive urbanization in Azerbaijan, there is a need to study the features of internal migration in the country. This study aims to identify the fundamental factors that underlie internal migration in the country's agriculture sector. A survey of 3498 agricultural workers from regions in Azerbaijan and the probit-model method have been used to group the factors that determine internal migration activity in this industry. The most significant factor in deciding on migration is the ratio of individual human capital development to the region's standard of living. Complementary factors of a directly proportional impact on internal migration in agriculture, in order of priority, are personal and professional mobility, infrastructural development of the region, and development of healthcare and education in the area. The study's results can help improve the effectiveness of the country's agricultural development strategy and urbanization management.
Factors influencing financial literacy of the poor in rural areas: Empirical research with the case of Vietnam
Authors: Khuc The Anh , Do Hoai Linh , Pham Bich Lien
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to investigate the impact levels of factors on the financial literacy of the poor in a rural area, using as a case an emerging country such as Vietnam. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been employed with primary data from 512 questionnaire respondents and 12-expert in-depth interviews. The result has shown that internal factors, including financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitude, are the reflective models affecting financial literacy, in which knowledge about savings and financial investment has the most significant influence. The study also tested that, among demographic factors, age, income, and education level positively impact financial literacy, while gender has no significant effect. Based on the findings, recommendations are proposed to shape the saving habits of the poor in rural areas and form financial attitude and financial behavior.
Query-driven adaptive sampling
Authors:   , Ayton Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Automated information gathering allows exploration of environments where data is limited and gathering observations introduces risk, such as underwater and planetary exploration. Typically, exploration has been performed in service of a query, with a unique algorithm developed for each mission. Yet this approach does not allow scientists to respond to novel questions as they are raised. In this thesis, we develop a single approach for a broad range of adaptive sampling missions with risk and limited prior knowledge. To achieve this, we present contributions in planning adaptive missions in service of queries, and modeling multi-attribute environments. First, we define a query language suitable for specifying diverse goals in adaptive sampling. The language fully encompasses objectives from previous adaptive sampling approaches, and significantly extends the possible range of objectives. We prove that queries expressible in this language are not biased in a way that avoids information. We then describe a Monte Carlo tree search approach to plan for all queries in our language, using sample based objective estimators embedded within tree search. This approach outperforms methods that maximize information about all variables in hydrocarbon seep search and fire escape scenarios. Next, we show how to plan when the policy must bound risk as a function of reward. By solving approximating problems, we guarantee risk bounds on policies with large numbers of actions and continuous observations, ensuring that risks are only taken when justified by reward. Exploration is limited by the quality of the environment model, so we introduce Gaussian process models with directed acyclic structure to improve model accuracy under limited data. The addition of interpretable structure allows qualitative expert knowledge of the environment to be encoded through structure and parameter constraints. Since expert knowledge may be incomplete, we introduce efficient structure learning over structural models using A* search with bounding conflicts. By placing bounds on likelihood of substructures, we limit the number of structures that are trained, significantly accelerating search. Experiments modeling geographic data show that our model produces more accurate predictions than existing Gaussian process methods, and using bounds allows structure to be learned in 50% of the time.
Natural treatment of mosquito and organic pollutants in shallow water & surroundings: A report
Authors: Chaudhuri Biswadeep
Published: September 2022

Many fishes like guppies, bass, bluegill and catfish are known to eat mosquito larvae. In tropical countries these fishes can survive very well and can successfully reproduce with minimum care and expenditure. But no studies has yet been done on survival of these fishes in sewage water.
Many studies have shown that wild species of guppies can even survive few weeks in extremely polluted water if there is proper aeration present. But it has also been shown that some wild catfish can also survive in polluted water. In India, major cities are always having several canals. Such
canals are mostly of shallow water that often nest mosquitoes and other worms that are harmful for either human or environment. Those fishes can be kept in such canals to prevent various diseases.
Alteration in Immunological Profile During Malignancy: Role Of Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Mukherjee Susmita , Ghosh Priya , Dey Chiranjeeb , Paul Sonali
Published: September 2022

Exposure to environmental toxicants is a well documented predisposing factor for cancer. Many types of carcinogenic toxicants are found in the environment. This review focuses on three types of toxicants heavy metals, pesticides and pollutants. Through different mechanisms of cell damage,
these toxicants cause malignant growth. There is a strong correlation found between malignancy and cytokines. This work establishes the link between environmental toxicants and changes in cytokine levels with cancer progression.
Quality Management System Practices Performed in ISO 9001 Certified Engineering Educational Institutions: A Critical Analysis of Indian Universities
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India., Sandeep Parvesh Kumar , . Singhal ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India., Kansal Jimmy ,   Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment, Defence Research and Development Organization, Chandigarh, India.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This study aims to analyse the quality management system (QMS) practices performed in ISO 9001 certified engineering educational institutes of India. The literature divulged that QMS in engineering education mainly engrossed on teaching, learning, examinations, student results and infrastructure. Very few studies mentioned QMS in terms of organizational effectiveness. Thus the author has conducted the QMS analysis in forty-five engineering educational institutions (EEIs) of Delhi NCR area in India and selected two groups of institutions based on years of existence. Group-a consists of twenty institutions less than fifteen years old, and group-b consists of twenty-five institutions over fifteen years old. Data were collected using a questionnaire from forty-five engineering educational institutions. The questionnaire was prepared using QMS constructs (ten factors) followed by the institutions and the quality measures followed by the national board of accreditation-NBA in India. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26.0 software to conclude the student t-test and p-value. The author found that the group-b institutions received substantially higher scores in variables that had topmanagement commitment, systemic management approach, customer satisfaction, employee involvement, training, teamwork, continuous improvement, corporate social responsibility, academic culture and knowledge audit compared to group-a institutions. The study also revealed the strong and weak points of the institutional QMS, and there is a strong need to incorporate ISO 9001:2015- based QMS practices for the continuous improvement of institutions. Keywords: National Board of Accreditation, Quality Management, Customer Satisfaction, ISO 9001:2015 QMS
A New Comprehensive Methodology for Evaluation of Course Outcomes and Programme Outcomes
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Mawandiya Bimal Kumar , Joshi Shashikant ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Modi Bharatkumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Patel Kaushikkumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Lakhera Vikas ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Patel Rajesh ,   Additional Director, School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Mahajan Alka ,   Dean at SVKM's NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2022

Abstract : Course Outcomes (CO) and Programme Outcomes (PO) are the backbone of Outcome Based Education (OBE) and their evaluation using a definite established methodology is necessary to track the progress and effective implementation of OBE. The CO, Course and PO attainment levels determine the extent to which the skill/abilities as envisaged vide POs are imbibed by the students. The CO, Course and PO attainment also provide an insight for corrective actions. A new method for determination of CO, Course and PO attainment level is presented in this paper. The method is comprehensive and unique as it takes into consideration the varying weightage of each course component such as Continuous Evaluation (CE), Semester End Examination (SEE), and Laboratory and Practical Work (LPW). This not only ensures that all assessment components are covered but it also has a provision to take into account the effect of multiplemapping. This allows a teacher the flexibility to frame questions which can map with multiple COs. The proposed method gives individual as well as class attainment levels of the Course and the COs, thus allowing a more focused root cause analysis and corrective actions. The method also allows for calculation of the PO attainment level based on the CO and Course attainment level and the Program Articulation Matrix. The criteria for deciding the actions based on the PO and CO assessment levels are also presented. Keywords: Accreditation; Course outcome; Direct attainment; Outcome based education; Program outcome
Ethnocultural and Gender Stereotypes about Intelligence: Chinese and Russians
Authors:   Perm State University, Yao Chen
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of a cross-group sociolinguistic experiment aimed at analyzing the features of the expression of Chinese and Russian stereotypes about intelligence, as well as at identifying the influence of ethnic and gender factors on the stereotypical perceptions of Chinese and Russian women and men about the intelligence of the same social groups (the experiment involved four groups of informants – Chinese women, Chinese men, Russian women, and Russian men – 30 people in each group). During the experiment, the informants were asked to name five words characterizing the intelligence of the social groups under study. As a result, there were received 1,050 responses from the Chinese informants and 845 responses from the Russians. For the processing and analysis of reactions, semantic as well as quantitative analyses were used: all the reactions obtained were combined into semantic groups, the volume of which was considered as an indicator of the stereotyping of a particular feature. The study showed that the structures of stereotypes regarding the intelligence of different social groups differ depending on the ethnic group and gender of the evaluating and assessed groups. The core of the stereotype among Chinese is formed by three features – ‘Mind’, ‘Quick-wittedness’, and ‘Talent’, while the core of the stereotype among the Russians is formed by five features: ‘Quick-wittedness’, ‘Mind’, ‘Sanity’, ‘Education’, and ‘Evaluation’. Thus, the stereotype structure among Chinese is more compact than that among the Russians. At the same time, Chinese give higher marks to their intellect than to the intellect of the Russians; for the Russians, the ethnic factor does not have a significant impact on the assessment of a group. Ideas about intelligence in women do not depend on the gender factor of the group being assessed, while in men auto and hetero stereotypes differ to a greater extent. Analysis of the interaction between ethnic and gender factors shows that in-group favoritism is characteristic of only one of the considered groups – Chinese men, with the gender factor being more important for them than the ethnic one.
Vera Polozkova’s Ambivalent Feminism: Reimagining Russian Poetry in the Internet Age
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Lukina Alexandra A.
Published: September 2022

This study is dedicated to the analysis of works by Vera Polozkova, a prominent figure of contemporary Russian women’s Internet poetry, who gained her popularity through an ambivalent position in Russian society. The relevance of this work stems from Polozkova’s inherent feminism as an implicit form of empowerment conveyed to the reader in her poems, offering a powerful paradigm for understanding Russian poetic culture in the Internet age. The analysis was based on 4 printed books by Polozkova as well as 7 interviews with her participation. Analysis of the material showed that despite distancing herself from feminism and any kind of political activism, Polozkova still became the symbol of the search for inherent feminism through offering new images and paradigms for exploring feminine agency and identity. The article also traces Polozkova’s emergence as a prominent cultural figure through the context of female Internet poetry in Russian culture from the early 18th century to the present day. The article deals with the main themes and motives of Polozkova’s Internet poetry, as well as provides an analysis of the linguistic and expressive means used in her works, including the classification of poetic elements of the feminist discourse delivered by the poet. The main conclusion drawn from the study is that in Russian literary-oriented culture, Internet poetry is one of the best ways to influence public opinion, taking into account some social contradictions.
The Speech Act of Gratitude in Russian and Persian Linguacultures
Authors:   University of Isfahan, Nosrati Ardalan
Published: September 2022

The article studies the speech act of gratitude in Russian and Persian linguacultures. It describes the peculiarities of the linguistic means of verbalization of gratitude from the linguacultural and pragmalinguistic points of view. The study of these aspects is particularly important as it reveals the specific features of the speech behaviour of Russian and Persian speakers when expressing gratitude. The aim of this paper is to identify the similarities and differences in the ways of expressing gratitude and to systematize the linguistic means specific to this speech act in both languages. The study employed the methods of observation and experimentation as well as communicative-pragmatic and comparative analysis. The Russian-language material was taken from the Russian National Corpus. Due to the absence of such a corpus in Persian, the Persian-language material was based on our personal observations and records of oral speech. The study distinguishes four types of grammatical constructions in the Russian language in comparison with Persian that are used when expressing gratitude. The inventory of linguistic means conveying the content of gratitude in Persian linguaculture has been found to be much wider than in Russian. It has been revealed that, unlike the Russians, the Iranians express gratitude verbosely and supplement it with some other remarks, being manifestation of Iranian etiquette behaviour called taārof, ‘taarof’. Gratitude in Russian and Persian linguacultures is also manifested in well wishes. This research is the first to present the results of a comparative analysis of gratitude in Russian and Persian linguacultures, revealing the national and cultural specificity of this speech act.
The System of East African Beliefs Through the Prism of Swahili Proverbs
Authors:   Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shatokhina Victoria S.
Published: September 2022

Religious ideas are an integral part of any people’s life. Therefore, they are of great significance for understanding the national picture of the world. The article investigates the beliefs of the Swahili-speaking community through the prism of Swahili proverbs and sayings that reflect its polyconfessionality. In the study, the most complete and up-to-date collections of Swahili proverbs were used, such as Methali za Kikwetu (Proverbs of Our Place), Kamusi ya methali (Dictionary of Proverbs), Swahili Proverbs. Each of them contains about two thousand proverbial units. For quantitative evaluation, the largest modern corpus of Swahili proverbs compiled by the Center for African Studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was used. It contains more than four thousand proverbial units. Swahili proverbs explicitly mention the names of traditional spirits (mizimu, pepo, zimwi), the performers of traditional cults and rites (mchawi, mganga), the supreme creator (Mungu), the creatures that are nearby (malaika), and demonic forces (ibilisi, shetani). There are also some paroemias containing indirect reference to Islam or orthodoxy by mentioning some religious traditions. Of particular interest are the results of comparing the frequency of usage of different religious lexemes. Noteworthy is that the semantics of these words is expressed in grammatical features, especially by the tools of the class system. In the article, the study of Swahili paroemias is correlated with the history of East African religions. The research confirms the conclusions of other scholars studying religion in Eastern Africa: here traditional and Abrahamic religions peacefully coexist, transforming and complementing each other. In any proverbial unit, the lexeme ‘God’ conveys sacral attitude toward its denotatum, and universal values come to the foreground. The predominance of paroemias on religious theme proves their importance in the national picture of the world of the Swahili people. The research results are of practical importance and may be used not only in paroemiology and linguistics but also in ethnography, cultural and religion studies.
LESSONS FROM SOUTH AFRICA FOR THE DELIVERY OF LEGAL AID IN SMALL AND DEVELOPING COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES
Authors: David McQuoid-Mason
Published: September 2022

The South African legal aid scheme experience is a useful model for small and developing countries because it has tried numerous models of delivery and operates on a modest per capita annual expenditure. In most Commonwealth countries judicare, supplemented by pro bono work, is the most common form of delivery of legal aid services. The South African scheme illustrates how a combination of public defenders, including intern public defenders, and judicare can be used to operate justice centres that deliver a full range of legal aid services. It also shows how cooperative agreements between the Legal Aid Board and university law clinics,public interest law firms and paralegals can be used to supplement legal aid services, particularly in civil matters.
LEGAL AID PRACTICES: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: S Muralidhar
Published: September 2022

This article, from the perspective of a legal aid practitioner, seeks to contribute to comparative analyses by discussing the prominent features of the legal aid systems in the United States, the United Kingdom, India, South Africa and Bangladesh. The broad parameters on which this exercise was based include the recognition of the constitutional right of access to justice, the models and types of legal services, the common concerns and challenges to providing effective access to justice in these countries and the responses to these challenges. The paper argues that the characterisation of the right to criminal legal aid as a non-derogable constitutional right is critical to its enforceability and availability. The paper suggests that reform proposals based on the need for accountability of the institutions that comprise the legal system, of which the legal services institutions form part, should include measures to enhance transparency, sharing of relevant information and ability to receive and deal with complaints. It concludes that there is a need, given the substantial “uncovered” and “unmet” areas of legal services, both by way of representation and by way of preventive and rehabilitative legal aid, to persist with more than one service provider and in more than one model.
A Taxonomy of Musical Interfaces for Use in the Classroom
Authors: Wilde Emma , Duarte García Mario Alberto
Published: September 2022

Instrument taxonomies have been a preoccupation throughout history. Musical interfaces which involve the use of a sound engine (which could be a software) to sonify and translate data from a user to produce a sound result, do not fit into traditional instrument taxonomies. Magnusson argues that it is necessary to determine classification principles of musical interfaces because there are clear benefits of such a taxonomy for inventors, performers, musicologists, and composers. We propose that educators are another group of people who can benefit from a taxonomy of musical interfaces which considers classifications relating to educational use. Several researchers have argued that there is a need to evaluate how and why technology is implemented in the music classroom. Previous taxonomies of musical interfaces have focused on design principals and user interaction and have only partially explored educational objectives. In this paper we propose a taxonomy of musical interfaces which builds on previous taxonomies but extends them into the educational field. Throughout four case studies of recent musical interfaces implemented in educational contexts in four continents, we show how this taxonomy can be employed to classify how and why a musical interface is implemented in the classroom to analyze the educational benefits they can promote.
Foreign Ownership and Capital Structure in Times of Crises: Case of South Korea
Authors: Исламова Шахло , Кокорева Мария
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the results of analysis of the role of foreign investors in capital structure choice. The analysis is conducted using regression analysis of panel data. Operating with data of 809 companies listed in the South Korean market in 1997-2020, we demonstrate that the debt-to-equity ratio of companies with foreign investors is lower than in the rest of thefirms. In this case, foreign investors’ monitoring of a company’s performance can be a substitute for debt financing as a disciplining mechanism for management. Foreign investors also indirectly affect the capital structure by impacting the speed of adjustment to the target leverage. The results of our study show that the speed of adjustment to the target debt-to-equity ratio increases along with a rise in foreign investor participation. The results are most pronounced for over-leveraged firms. Whereas during financial crises, we observe no effect of the presence of foreign investors on the changes in the target debt-to-equity ratio, we find a significant increase in the speed of adjustment to the target leverage in companies withforeign investors. During the current coronavirus crisis, corporate debt of companies with foreign investors is decreasing even more, while the speed of adjustment decreases. We attribute these effects to the non-financial nature of the crisis, which makes the role of foreign investors in monitoring management less meaningful. In practice, results can be used bycompany managers when facing crises or other macroeconomic shocks. The results obtained can also be used by public authorities in shaping policies to stimulate foreign investment.
Review on the Structural Features and Biological Activities of Reuterin
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Jeong Yu Ra , Kim Ye Eun , Lee Sang Hyup
Published: September 2022

Reuterin, one of the low-molecular organic compounds, contains an aldehyde and alcohol group with three carbons. It also possesses a certain degree of complexity in chemical structure because of the presence of aldehyde group. In an aqueous solution of reuterin, monomeric, hydrate, and dimeric forms coexist in equilibrium. Reuterin has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antifungal activities. Specifically, it displays stronger antibacterial activities and lower toxicities than the existing antimicrobial agents such as glutaraldehyde. Due to the beneficial biological attributes, reuterin can be a potential candidate for novel functional compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Preparation methods for reuterin include biochemical conversion and chemical synthesis. Biochemical conversion approach employs bioconversion using glycerol and Lactobacillus reuteri and chemical synthesis utilizes acrolein or 1,2,4-butanetriol as a starting material. However, despite its exceptional biological activities, the mechanism of action is obscure. Collectively, reuterin has substantial potential as a functional compound in food and pharmaceutical domain.
Intestinal Delivery Techniques for Live Microorganisms: A Brief Overview
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Kim Jihyun , Hlaing Shwe Phyu , Lee Juho , Saparbayeva Aruzhan , Yoo Jin-Wook
Published: September 2022

The gut microbiome is a critical determinant of human health and disease status. Administration of live microorganisms has emerged as an effective way to recover damaged gut microbiome for improving host health. However, live microorganisms are susceptible to various environmental stresses, including acidic pH during the gastric transit. Thus, appropriate delivery techniques are required to protect the live microorganisms during their transit to the target area and ensure their release at a desired location such as ileum or ascending colon. In this review, we provide an overview of intestinal delivery techniques for live microorganisms.
PERSPEKTIF RUMAH MAMPU MILIK: KAJIAN KES PENJAWAT AWAM DI PUTRAJAYA
Authors: Naim Irweeda , Abdul Manaf Azima
Published: September 2022

Penyediaan perumahan mampu milik menjadi keutamaan di setiap negara dunia, namun perumahan mampu milik sering merujuk kepada dasar berkaitan perumahan yang berbeza di antara kerajaan dan setiap pihak berkuasa serta bergantung kepada demografi masyarakat, masalah perumahan mampu milik yang dihadapi oleh sesebuah negara serta indikator kemampuan dan ciri penentu yang digunakan oleh negara tersebut. Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini kemampuan memiliki rumah menjadi istilah yang biasa digunakan untuk meringkaskan masalah kesukaran perumahan di banyak negara. Namun persoalan yang lebih penting, adakah individu atau isi rumah yang juga pengguna akhir memahami makna rumah mampu milik. Ini kerana perumahan mampu milik banyak memfokuskan kepada isu ketidaksepadanan antara permintaan dan penawaran rumah mampu milik. Begitu juga penilaian tahap mampu milik, tetapi terhad kepada nisbah harga dan pendapatan, sedangkan indikator-indikator ini menunjukkan gambaran mengenai kemampuan perumahan yang tidak lengkap, kerana ia hanya menilai kemampuan jangka pendek sambil mengabaikan kemampuan jangka panjang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap pemahaman individu atau isi rumah mengenai makna rumah mampu milik sama ada yang belum dan telah memiliki rumah. Tahap pemahaman dinilai berdasarkan tiga dimensi iaitu dimensi ekonomi, ekologi dan sosial. Pengumpulan data bagi kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik dalam bentuk google forms melibatkan seramai 357 orang penjawat awam dalam Kumpulan B40 di Putrajaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap pemahaman responden bagi dimensi sosial lebih tinggi berbanding dimensi ekologi dan ekonomi.Hasil kajian ini membolehkan pemain industri mengenal pasti elemen yang perlu diberi perhatian semasa menyediakan dasar atau polisi perumahan yang komprehensif supaya dapat memenuhi keperluan individu khususnya kepada bakal pembeli rumah yang berpendapatan rendah.
ROYALSCAPE DIRAJA SATU PERWAKILAN ASAS PELANCONGAN BANDAR DIRAJA
Authors: Ahmad Saidi Zurina , Tahir Zurinah , Abdul Malek Jalaludin , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Yuszaidy
Published: September 2022

Bandar Diraja merupakan satu rangkaian kepada sejarah, geografi dan budaya yang sangat luas. Ciri-ciri Diraja yang dimiliki oleh Bandar Diraja dalam menjayakan identiti sesebuah bandar Diraja serta keunikannya yang tersendiri. Tarikan utama adalah karakter istimewa bandar Diraja sendiri seperti budaya, sejarah, seni bina dan nilai estetika bandar Diraja. Bandar Diraja di Malaysia merupakan warisan unik yang menjadi perlambangan sebuah negara berdaulat dan Melayu tradisional. Walau bagaimanapun, sifat dan keadaan bandar Diraja hampir terhakis oleh kerana perkembangan dan kemodenan yang tidak terkawal. Kuala Kangsar merupakan satu bandar Diraja yang mempunyai produk asli dalam menawarkan pelancongan bandar Diraja. Walau bagaimanapun, produk dan aset-aset tarikan utama ini masih menjadi persoalan kerana tidak jelas, tidak dibangunkan secara komprehensif malah tiada kriteria khusus keperluan produk ini sebagai salah satu aset tarikan kunjungan pelancong. Asas pelancongan yang mewakili bandar Diraja tidak jelas dan kabur. Kajian bertujuan untuk memperincikan asas perwakilan pelancongan berdasarkan tujuh royalscape yang dirangka dalam kajian ini sebagai pelopor kepada pelancongan bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar. Teknik pensampelan secara kebetulan (accidental atau convenience sampling) digunakan dengan edaran borang soal selidik kepada 500 responden berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan kesemua royalscape berada di tahap sederhana tinggi. Fizikal bandar Diraja menjadi tumpuan pelancong dengan peratusan kunjungan melebihi 75.0%. Estetika bandar Diraja memberikan nilai tambah yang tinggi kepada pelancong serta lebih 80.0% pelancong melakukan perjalanan ke lima destinasi tarikan utama. Kesimpulan, makalah ini menunjukkan perwakilan royalscape bandar Diraja ini memandu pelancong dalam memberi imej pelancongan bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar. Kajian ini memberi impak dalam pelancongan bandar Diraja yang mempunyai potensi untuk dibangunkan di peringkat pemegang taruh serta memberi manfaat kepada pelancong dan pembangunan Kuala Kangsar sebagai kawasan tumpuan pelancong pada masa akan datang.
Las Personas Mayores en la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos: Contribuciones del Periódico Psicologia: Reflexao e Crítica (de 2000 a 2012)
Authors: Braga Fabiana Marini , Costa Adriana Zakia
Published: September 2022

Ese trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación bibliográfica dedicada al análisis de los artículos del periódico brasileño Psicologia: reflexão e crítica, enfocando los elementos que contribuyen a la atención a las personas mayores como sujetos que componen la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA). Teniendo en cuenta las palabras clave “envejecimiento”, “vejez”, “viejo”, “viejos”, “vieja”, “viejas”, fue posible localizar 40 artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2012. Para el análisis de los datos, ha sido utilizada la técnica del análisis del contenido. Los resultados muestran nueve elementos que subsidian la reflexión y la acción orientadas a las personas mayores en la EJA.
The dynamics of grandfathers: A comparative analysis of Mexican and Spanish society
Authors: Leeson George , Ortega-Gaspar Marta , Klein Alejandro
Published: September 2022

In analysing the importance of the current roles of grandfathers in the family in Spain and Mexico, this study attempts to deepen knowledge of these roles in two different social contexts which share similar cultural roots. In respect of gender and from a cultural and generational perspective, the research aims to shed light on the figure and role of grandfathers, who have long been overshadowed by their spouses – the grandmothers. As author (2010) and Mann et al. (2013) highlight, changes at both the demographic and social level have contributed to grandfathers playing an increasingly important role in the lives of their grandchildren.It is important to underscore the originality of this research, since little attention has been paid to date to this area of research; indeed, the invisibility of the grandfather’s role almost underpins a false belief in its non-existence. It must also be stressed that this is the first comparative, transnational analysis of this type.The qualitative analysis reveals generational idiosyncratic characteristics among the grandfathers studied here and their own grandfathers, in Mexico and Spain, as well as a change in traditional gender roles, with certain country-specific nuances. In all the cases studied grandfathers interviewed express feeling a state of happiness. In addition, it can be appreciated a perception of a break with the role’s characteristic of the own grandparents.
ÇALIŞMA ARKADAŞLARI ETKİLEŞİMİNİN ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIĞA ETKİSİ
Authors: Tortumlu Muhammet , Uzunbacak Hasan Hüseyin
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırmada, çalışma arkadaşları etkileşiminin, örgütsel bağlılığı ne derece etkilediğinin tespit edilebilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir devlet üniversitesinde idari personel olarak görev yapan 221 kamu personeli oluşturmuştur. Veriler kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle anketle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde yüzde, frekans, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit edebilmek için pearson korelasyon katsayısı, etki değerinin saptanması için ise basit doğrusal regresyon analizinden faydanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde SPSS 22.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, çalışma arkadaşları etkileşiminin örgütsel bağlılığı pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonucu ortaya çıkan bulgular, alanyazın kapsamında tartışılmıştır.
Evaluation of scoring systems in terms of early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis and mortality in patients over 65 years of age.
Authors: ACEHAN Selen , SATAR Salim , GÜLEN Müge , TOPTAS FİRAT Basak , AKA SATAR Deniz , TAŞ Adnan
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the power of disease severity scores to predict the development of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) and mortality in the early period over 65 years old diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in the emergency department.
Materials and Methods: We calculated RANSON (on admission) and Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI) in addition to Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score on admission to the emergency department.
Results: One hundred and sixty patients (46.9% over 80 years of age) were included in the study. We observed statistically higher length of hospitalization, longer duration of stay in the intensive care unit, SAP and higher mortality in patients over 80 years of age. When we examined the ROC curve, we determined that the AUC values of the BISAP score were highest in both SAP and mortality estimation (AUC: 0.911, 95% CI 0.861-0.962; AUC: 0.918, 95% CI 0.864-0.9722, respectively). Binary logistic analysis indicated a 4.7-fold increased risk for SAP and a 12.3-fold increased mortality for each unit increase in BISAP score value.
Conclusion: BISAP may be a good predictor for SAP and mortality estimation on admission to the emergency department in patients over 65 years of age with acute pancreatitis.
Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to assess central nervous system involvement of COVID-19
Authors: AÇIKALIN Rıdvan , GOKTEN Murat , SEZER Can
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify patients with acute neurological findings associated with COVID-19 and to demonstrate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in its diagnosis.

Materials and Methods: Between June 2020 and December 2021, 90 patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 in our clinic, had pneumonia findings in the lung, acute neurological findings, and brain MRI were included in the study. Results were evaluated retrospectively for 46 patients without central nervous system (CNS) involvement and 44 patients with CNS findings.

Results: The most common neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients; Unexplained loss of consciousness by treatment (28/44, 63.6%), focal neurologic deficits (21/44, 47.7%), and seizures (9/44, 20.4%). Increased mortality, increment in the need for ventilator support, and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit were observed in patients with CNS findings. Brain MRI was performed on 44 patients with neurological symptoms. Mean age of 68.3 years (45–78) in patients undergoing MRI. Acute findings were detected in MRI of 32 patients (72%). The most common diagnoses in brain MRI were acute and subacute infarcts.

Conclusion: The mechanism of CNS manifestations is still unclear, and neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients are an important problem, especially in intensive care units. Therefore, early detection and treatment of CNS involvement are very important.
Relationship between disease severity and prognostic indicators and matrix metallaproteinase in patients with stable idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: BAYDAR TOPRAK Oya , ÖZYILMAZ Ezgi , SAYGİDEGER Yasemin , GÜZEL Efraim
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Blood-derived biomarkers have been extensively considered as possible prognostic indicators in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) recently. In order to assess the value of circulating biomarkers in common IPF clinical practice, the study intends to draw conclusions regarding the link between disease severity, prognostic indicators, and serum matrix metalloproteinase in patients with stable idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Materials and Methods: The study comprised 22 people with an IPF diagnosis that had been verified by a multidisciplinary approach. The sociodemographic details, clinical and radiologic symptoms, pulmonary function tests and the Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) score were noted. ELISA has been used to research serum MMP concentrations.

Results: There is no statistically significant correlation between the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP 7, MMP 9, and MMP13 and the GAP index and, pulmonary function tests, or disease severity. GAP score was found to be higher in stage 3 in patients with severe disease, in stage 2 in patients with moderate disease, and in stage 1 in patients with mild disease.

Conclusion: There are consistent findings in the literature, despite the fact that the association between MMP and IPF prognostic markers, pulmonary function tests, and disease severity could not be seen in this investigation. However, because they could open the door to a cutting-edge treatment strategy, these indicators should be investigated prospectively in larger series.
Behavior of Tidally Triggered Earthquakes Depends on Fluid Conditions
Authors: Delorey Andrew A. , Chen Ting
Published: September 2022

Seismicity at The Geysers geothermal field and in Oklahoma is heavily influenced by industrial activities related to energy production, though the mechanism in which earthquakes are induced or triggered is different. At The Geysers, much of the seismicity is linked to thermoelastic stresses caused by injecting cold water into hot rocks, whereas in Oklahoma, the seismicity is linked to a reduction of confining stress on faults due to increasing pore pressure resulting from wastewater injections. Here, we show that these contrasting conditions are also evident in tidally triggered earthquakes. At The Geysers, earthquakes preferentially occur during maximum extensional stress, which does not occur at the same time as maximum shear stress on optimally oriented faults in the regional stress field. In Oklahoma, earthquakes preferentially occur during maximum shear stress on optimally oriented faults rather than maximum extensional stress. The magnitude of tidal extensional stress is naturally much greater than tidal shear stress. However, in a fluid-saturated environment, pore pressure responds to changes in volume, which can counteract or reduce the effect of the applied stress. The difference in behavior at these two sites is indicative of the level of coupling between applied stress and pore pressure, corresponding to unsaturated conditions at The Geysers and high pore pressure in Oklahoma.