bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ĐỒNG MẮC BẠCH BIẾN THỂ ĐOẠN VÀ XƠ CỨNG BÌ KHU TRÚ DẠNG DẢI VÙNG ĐẦU MẶT CÙNG BÊN TRÊN MỘT BỆNH NHI NAM
Authors: Trịnh Ngọc Phát
Published: June 2022

Một bệnh nhi nam 6 tuổi với 1 năm diễn biến tổn thương rụng tóc vùng đỉnh và trán trên nền dát teo da thành dải ở một bên da đầu kèm theo tổn thương mất sắc tố da quanh mắt và lông mi ở mặt cùng bên. Bệnh nhi là con thứ 2, tuổi mẹ khi sinh là 44 tuổi, hiện tại có biểu hiện chậm phát triển tâm thần vận động. Bệnh nhi không có tiền sử dụng thuốc, xạ trị, nhiễm trùng, chấn thương vùng mặt và da đầu. Anh ruột bệnh nhi hoàn toàn bình thường. Trong gia đình không ai có biểu hiện như bệnh nhi. Sinh thiết tổn thương rụng tóc trên nền teo da cho thấy các tổn thương của xơ cứng bì.
BỆNH GROVER
Authors: Trần Hậu Khang
Published: June 2022

Năm 1975, Ralph Wier Grover, một bác sỹ Da liễu ở Mỹ mô tả hiện tượng ly gai (acantholytic) hiếm gặp, xuất hiện cùng các thương tổn da là các bọng nước và dát đỏ, tập trung chủ yếu ở lưng và ngực của một bệnh nhân nam giới tại Franklin, New York. Tuy nhiên, khác với bệnh Pemphigus (cũng có hiện tượng ly gai), bệnh này chỉ tiến triển trong khoảng 6-12 tháng. Chính vì vậy, ông đặt tên là “Bệnh da do ly gai tạm thời” (transient acantholytic dermatosis – TAD). Để ghi nhớ công ơn của ông, sau này TAD được mang tên ông: Bệnh Grover.
TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG Ở NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH MẮC BỆNH VIÊM DA CƠ ĐỊA NĂM 2020
Authors: Trần Thị Hoài Hương , Nguyễn Thị Kim Cúc , Nguyễn Thị Thùy Trang , Bùi Minh Tân , Nguyễn Thị Đan Thanh , Nguyễn Thanh Hùng , Nguyễn Trọng Hào
Published: June 2022

Đặt vấn đề: Viêm da cơ địa đã tăng lên trong nhiều năm qua và liên quan đến gánh nặng kinh tế cực kỳ cao ở các nước châu Âu và châu Á. Với bản chất là một bệnh viêm mạn tính, bệnh có thể tác động đến chuyển hóa dinh dưỡng của cơ thể. Một số nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng thừa cân-béo phì có liên quan đến bệnh viêm da cơ địa, tuy nhiên, đây là vấn đề vẫn còn nhiều tranh cãi.
Mục tiêu: Khảo sát tình trạng dinh dưỡng ở người từ 19 tuổi trở lên mắc bệnh viêm da cơ địa đến khám tại bệnh viện Da Liễu thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2020.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả được thực hiện trên 200 bệnh nhân mắc bệnh viêm da cơ địa trong độ tuổi từ 19 tuổi trở lên đến khám tại phòng khám bệnh viện Da Liễu thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 6 – 9 năm 2020.
Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình của đối tượng tham gia là 43,3 ± 16,1. Đặc điểm tình trạng dinh dưỡng của đối tượng nghiên cứu theo chỉ số Body Mass Index (BMI) ghi nhận: tỉ lệ thừa cân – béo phì chiếm gần một nửa đối tượng nghiên cứu (48,5%), trong đó, tỉ lệ giữa nam và nữ gần tương đương ở cả hai giới (nam 54% và nữ 46%); riêng tỉ lệ béo phì chiếm ¼ đối tượng nghiên cứu. 44,5% đối tượng có chỉ số BMI trong khoảng giới hạn bình thường và chỉ có 7% tình trạng dinh dưỡng gầy. Tình trạng béo trung tâm (Waist-hip ratio) chiếm 52% đối tượng nghiên cứu, trong đó ở hai nhóm giới tính nam và nữ lần lượt là 48% và 52%. Tỉ lệ đối tượng có béo bụng chiếm 46%, trong đó ở đối tượng nam là 49% và nữ là 52%. Tỉ lệ kiêng ăn trong nghiên cứu là 36%, trong đó chủ yếu kiêng ăn do sợ ảnh hưởng bệnh da chiếm ¼ đối tượng nghiên cứu (27%) và một tỉ lệ ít kiêng ăn để giảm cân chiếm 9%.
Kết luận: Tỉ lệ thừa cân – béo phì trên bệnh nhân trưởng thành mắc bệnh viêm da cơ địa cao hơn so với tỉ lệ thừa cân – béo phì ở dân số chung và tỉ lệ kiêng ăn khá cao, cần có sự quan tâm, hướng dẫn và lời khuyên thích hợp về dinh dưỡng bên cạnh các phương pháp điều trị viêm da cơ địa.
Strategi Pengembangan Profesi Guru dalam Mewujudkan Suasana Pembelajaran yang Efektif
Authors: Ma'ruf Muh Wajedi , Syaifin Riyo Asmin
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze teacher professional development strategies in creating an effective learning atmosphere by focusing on three sub-problems, namely: (1) The nature of effective learning; (2) various factors that influence the learning atmosphere; and (3) various strategies in teacher professional development as an effort to create an effective learning atmosphere. This type of research is library research. Data is collected from books, journals, or other scientific works regarding the theory of teacher strategies in realizing effective learning using documentation techniques and then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results showed that learning was said to be effective if it fulfilled the learning objectives in a pleasant atmosphere for educators and students. There are two factors that influence the learning atmosphere, namely exogenous factors and endogenous factors. Various strategies for teacher professional development in creating an effective learning atmosphere through two development strategies, namely paradigm development and teacher competency development. This research has implications for the need for teachers to always carry out their duties professionally. The indicators of professionalism include always adhering to work ethics, independent (free from external pressure), fast (productive), precise (effective), efficient, innovative based on the principles of excellent service in accordance with the elements of science or systematic theory, professional authority, public recognition, and upholding the code of ethics.
Avaliação dos atributos da atenção primária à saúde sob a ótica dos profissionais médicos
Authors: Costa Ana Paula Brandão , Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A presença e a extensão dos atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde são fatores determinantes na efetividade da assistência em serviços de atenção primária. Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação dos atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde na perspectiva dos profissionais médicos das unidades básicas de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação de questionário Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool-Brasil), na versão profissionais de saúde, e de questionário sociodemográfico para caracterizar o perfil de formação, experiência profissional e atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Participaram da pesquisa os médicos de unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família, tradicionais e mistas, do município de Juiz de Fora. Resultados: As médias dos escores gerais, essenciais e derivados dos atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde exibiram pontuação considerada como satisfatória (≥6,6), contudo o atributo de acessibilidade foi avaliado como insatisfatório. Além disso, os atributos de longitudinalidade e coordenação/integração do cuidado obtiveram avaliação insatisfatória entre os médicos com menor tempo de atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde, enquanto os atributos de longitudinalidade e orientação familiar receberam avaliação insatisfatória dos médicos que não cursaram pós-graduação em medicina de família e comunidade ou áreas afins. Conclusões: O estudo aponta para a necessidade de ampliação da acessibilidade aos serviços de atenção primária, da busca de alternativas para a valorização e a fixação do profissional médico na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o estímulo à formação e à qualificação desses profissionais de saúde, com a finalidade de propiciar o aumento da resolutividade e da qualidade dos serviços prestados.
Geldbuße und Schadenersatz
Authors: Schulz Adrian
Published: June 2022

Whether a corporate fine can be recovered from the responsible manager is, in essence, a classic collision problem: The administrative fine, prima facie, aims to impose a burden on the corporation; the private law seems to want to direct this burden away from the corporation towards the acting officer. The author approaches the collision problem as such and with fresh eyes. An intensive discussion of the fundamentals of the concept of damages shows that this concept is only supposedly ruled by the difference hypothesis and secs. 249 et seq. BGB. Based on this, the author proves that the notion behind the sanctions law prevails over the compensation of damages. Accordingly, a corporate fine cannot be recovered.
Turkey´s Perception of its Role in the Middle East
Authors: Volk Thomas
Published: June 2022

This book analyses the changing self-perceptions of Turkish decision makers regarding Turkeyʼs regional foreign policy in the Middle East between 1983 and 2002. It examines how these self-perceptions have changed from Turkey being a bridge country (köprüülke) to a central country (merkezülke) or pivotal state since the military intervention in 1980 until Recep Tayyip Erdoğanʼs Justice and Development Party took office in 2002 and what factors can explain these changes. The author argues that changing regional self-perceptions of Turkey must always be seen in the context of and in interaction with national and international transformation processes and the tension between nationalism and Islam within Turkey. The book expands the image of Turkey in the field of Middle Eastern studies.
Die Rechtsnatur der Unterwerfungserklärung und ihre Auswirkungen
Authors: Füller Judith
Published: June 2022

The declaration of submission is standardized in § 794 I No. 5 ZPO. According to prevailing opinion, it is a procedural declaration. This unanimous finding raises questions, because the declaration of submission is not made in a judicial proceeding before an organ of jurisdiction. In the work, a reconsideration of the declaration of submission is developed. The declaration of submission is aimed at the creation of an enforcement title. In this context, the author also deals with the legal nature of the performance judgment and the enforceable notarial deed.
�Languages don�t have bones, so you can just break them�: rethinking multilingualism in education policy and practice in Africa
Authors: Reilly Colin , Bagwasi Mompoloki M. , Costley Tracey , Gibson Hannah , Kula Nancy C. , Mapunda Gastor , Mwansa Joseph
Published: June 2022

Multilingualism is widespread amongst individuals and communities in African countries. However, language-in-education policies across the continent continue to privilege monolingual approaches to language use in the classroom. In this paper we highlight the colonial origins of these monolingual ideologies and discuss the detrimental effects which arise when learners� linguistic repertoires are not welcomed within the education system. We draw attention to major themes within education across a range of contexts: policy vagueness, teachers as policy implementers, and the creation and imposition of boundaries. We advocate for a language-in-education approach which brings the outside in, which welcomes individuals� lived multilingual realities and which values these as resources for learning. We highlight the ways in which translanguaging could represent a positive shift to the way in which multilingual language practices are talked about, and can contribute to decolonising language policy in African contexts. We conclude by calling to action those working on education and policy to ensure that learners and teachers are better supported. We call ultimately for a rethinking of multilingualism.
Which multilingualism do you speak? Translanguaging as an integral part of individuals� lives in the Casamance, Senegal
Authors: Weidl Miriam
Published: June 2022

Senegal is a West African country that is highly diverse and multilingual on a societal and individual level. Multilingualism is used in most interactions of peoples� everyday lives in a translanguaging fashion. Yet, beside some small efforts, the only official language in the institutional sector and education remains French. However, educational systems and language policies do not reflect the reality of the people they are created for since monolingualism often only plays a minor role in their lives. Based on empirical data collected in the Casamance, this article focuses in particular on these issues through displaying multilingualism as an adapting system that moves within the social environments while integrating different languages, intermixed in a way that is appropriate for its speakers in respective situations. On the basis of case examples, concepts are presented for the reinforcement of multilingualism with potential to strengthen local languages and cultures from the inside out.
Paper and packaging industry dynamics during COVID-19 and their strategies for the future
Authors: Gurtu Amulya , Johny Jestin , Buechse Oliver
Published: June 2022

Background: The paper examines the "mysterious case of the disappearing toilet paper" during the COVID19 pandemic. Purpose: This paper describes the strategic impacts on paper and packaging supply chains due to the pandemic. Study design/methodology/approach: Structured interviews and qualitative discussions with organizational and supply chain management leaders. Findings/conclusions: Several "behind the scenes" and less well-documented supply chain impacts in the paper and packaging, and logistics industries were discovered. The critical effects observed are: (1) Impact on the manufacturing side was mitigated mainly by implementing CDC guidelines and by the willingness of industry leaders to go above and beyond to shield their employees from economic hardships. (2) The transportation sector has experienced a more severe workforce shortage, amplified by government actions before and during the pandemic. (3) Product specialization, a pre-pandemic strategy for industry participants, turned into a weakness during the pandemic due to unprecedented shifts in demand across sectors. (4) Traditional "lean" supply chain thinking is increasingly making way for a more interconnected "risk avoidance" strategic model. Limitations/future research: The research is limited to organizations in Midwest U.S.A. and one organization in Europe.
Una geografía académica. Reuniones del CIHA en la Europa de la Guerra Fría, 1948-1972
Authors: García-Montón González Patricia
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en los encuentros Este-Oeste a través del Comité International d’Histoire de l’Art (CIHA) desde 1948 hasta principios de los años setenta, centrándose en los académicos del bloque oriental y los condicionantes del contexto político. Con ello se pretende arrojar luz sobre el papel del CIHA como promotor de la cooperación internacional en el campo de la Historia del Arte, como un espacio de interacción supraestatal entre historiadores del arte en Europa y como actor en la configuración de la geografía de la disciplina durante la Guerra Fría.
A dysmorphic mouse model reveals developmental interactions of chondrocranium and dermatocranium
Authors: Motch Perrine Susan M , Pitirri M Kathleen , Durham Emily L , Kawasaki Mizuho , Zheng Hao , Chen Danny Z , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Richtsmeier Joan T
Published: June 2022

The cranial endo and dermal skeletons, which comprise the vertebrate skull, evolved independently over 470 million years ago and form separately during embryogenesis. In mammals, much of the cartilaginous chondrocranium is transient, undergoing endochondral ossification or disappearing, so its role in skull morphogenesis is not well studied and it remains an enigmatic structure. We provide complete 3D reconstructions of the laboratory mouse chondrocranium from embryonic day (E) 13.5 through E17.5 using a novel methodology of uncertainty-guided segmentation of phosphotungstic enhanced 3D micro-computed tomography images with sparse annotation. We evaluate the embryonic mouse chondrocranium and dermatocranium in 3D, and delineate the effects of a Fgfr2 variant on embryonic chondrocranial cartilages and on their association with forming dermal bones using the Fgfr2cC342Y/+ Crouzon syndrome mouse. We show that the dermatocranium develops outside of and in shapes that conform to the chondrocranium. Results reveal direct effects of the Fgfr2 variant on embryonic cartilage, on chondrocranium morphology, and on the association between chondrocranium and dermatocranium development. Histologically, we observe a trend of relatively more chondrocytes, larger chondrocytes, and/or more matrix in the Fgfr2cC342Y/+ embryos at all timepoints before the chondrocranium begins to disintegrate at E16.5. The chondrocrania and forming dermatocrania of Fgfr2cC342Y/+ embryos are relatively large, but a contrasting trend begins at E16.5 and continues into early postnatal (P0 and P2) timepoints, with the skulls of older Fgfr2cC342Y/+ mice reduced in most dimensions compared to Fgfr2c+/+ littermates. Our findings have implications for the study and treatment of human craniofacial disease, for understanding the impact of chondrocranial morphology on skull growth, and potentially on the evolution of skull morphology.
The KASH5 protein involved in meiotic chromosomal movements is a novel dynein activating adaptor
Authors: Agrawal Ritvija , Gillies John P , Zang Juliana L , Zhang Jingjing , Garrott Sharon R , Shibuya Hiroki , Nandakumar Jayakrishnan , DeSantis Morgan E
Published: June 2022

Dynein harnesses ATP hydrolysis to move cargo on microtubules in multiple biological contexts. Dynein meets a unique challenge in meiosis by moving chromosomes tethered to the nuclear envelope to facilitate homolog pairing essential for gametogenesis. Though processive dynein motility requires binding to an activating adaptor, the identity of the activating adaptor required for dynein to move meiotic chromosomes is unknown. We show that the meiosis-specific nuclear-envelope protein KASH5 is a dynein activating adaptor: KASH5 directly binds dynein using a mechanism conserved among activating adaptors and converts dynein into a processive motor. We map the dynein-binding surface of KASH5, identifying mutations that abrogate dynein binding in vitro and disrupt recruitment of the dynein machinery to the nuclear envelope in cultured cells and mouse spermatocytes in vivo. Our study identifies KASH5 as the first transmembrane dynein activating adaptor and provides molecular insights into how it activates dynein during meiosis.
Concepts as light seductions
Authors: Rantala Teija , Koro Mirka
Published: June 2022

Guidance to the readers: This conceptual paper discusses seduction as a form of light obsession. We are especially interested in thinking about/with/in fabulating concepts as one of the vital, yet slightly seductive, parts of academic research. The vitality and obsessivity in thinking, writing and researching, also speak to seduction’s influence in making concepts, in articulating experiences, and in creating new language and knowledge with/in Academia. We explore seduction in the fabulation of concepts through various spaces and practices.  We hold here, that, in this process of fabulation, scholars, data, theories, concepts, and matter, both seduce and are seduced. In the attempt to illustrate the workings of seduction, and to offer examples of conceptualizing our experience of being seduced in these fabulations, we draw upon two altogether different kind of events; theoretically seductive encounters between two scholars, and a methodologically seductive workshop with graduate students. We use Manning, Massumi, Deleuze and Baudrillard as conversation partners to think fabulation through seductive relationality, a focus which lets our dialogues pivot around in more or less intentional ways
Machine-learning based prediction and analysis of prognostic risk factors in patients with candidemia and bacteraemia: a 5-year analysis
Authors: Gao Yali , Tang Mingsui , Li Yaling , Niu Xueli , Li Jingyi , Fu Chang , Wang Zihan , Liu Jiayi , Song Bing , Chen Hongduo , Gao Xinghua , Guan Xiuhao
Published: June 2022

Bacteraemia has attracted great attention owing to its serious outcomes, including deterioration of the primary disease, infection, severe sepsis, overwhelming septic shock or even death. Candidemia, secondary to bacteraemia, is frequently seen in hospitalised patients, especially in those with weak immune systems, and may lead to lethal outcomes and a poor prognosis. Moreover, higher morbidity and mortality associated with candidemia. Owing to the complexity of patient conditions, the occurrence of candidemia is increasing. Candidemia-related studies are relatively challenging. Because candidemia is associated with increasing mortality related to invasive infection of organs, its pathogenesis warrants further investigation. We collected the relevant clinical data of 367 patients with concomitant candidemia and bacteraemia in the first hospital of China Medical University from January 2013 to January 2018. We analysed the available information and attempted to obtain the undisclosed information. Subsequently, we used machine learning to screen for regulators such as prognostic factors related to death. Of the 367 patients, 231 (62.9%) were men, and the median age of all patients was 61 years old (range, 52–71 years), with 133 (36.2%) patients aged >65 years. In addition, 249 patients had hypoproteinaemia, and 169 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during hospitalisation. The most common fungi and bacteria associated with tumour development and Candida infection were Candida parapsilosis and Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. We used machine learning to screen for death-related prognostic factors in patients with candidemia and bacteraemia mainly based on integrated information. The results showed that serum creatinine level, endotoxic shock, length of stay in ICU, age, leukocyte count, total parenteral nutrition, total bilirubin level, length of stay in the hospital, PCT level and lymphocyte count were identified as the main prognostic factors. These findings will greatly help clinicians treat patients with candidemia and bacteraemia.
Research on the Assessment of Mathematical Intuitive Imagination Literacy
Authors: Meng Yanyun , Yang Zezhong
Published: June 2022

The assessment of high school students' mathematical intuitive imagination literacy can provide an important reference and basis for high school mathematics teachers to develop students' mathematical intuitive imagination literacy. However, there is a lack of research on how to assess the mathematical intuitive imagination literacy of high school students. This paper adopted the theoretical analysis approach, relying on lots of literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to discuss and analyze two aspects of the Curriculum Standards for assessing mathematical intuitive imagination literacy: three academic quality levels and four dimensions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific and reasonable solution for assessing mathematical intuitive imagination literacy. Finally, we proposed the way of assessing mathematical intuitive imagination literacy of high school students, the setting of test questions, the selection of scorers, and the giving of evaluation results. This study can provide a reference for more in-depth research on mathematical intuitive imagination literacy in the future.
Investigating Secondary School Students' Level of 21st Century Skills
Authors: Kocaman Berrak
Published: June 2022

Aims: In this study, the 21st century skills of secondary school students were examined according to gender, grade level, educational status of parents and Internet variables.

Study Design: The survey method was used as the method of the research.

Place and Duration of Study: The study group of the research consists of 421 secondary school students studying in six schools in Salihli district of Manisa province in the 2021-2022 academic year.

Methodology: “Secondary School Students' 21st Century Skills Scale” was used to collect data and descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis H-Test were used in the analysis of the data.

Results: According to the data obtained as a result of the study, it has been determined that the 21st century skills of secondary school students are at a high level. Secondary school students' 21st century skills did not differentiate in a statistically significant way depending on the gender and educational status of parents while it was determined that there was a significant difference in terms of the grade level and the internet connection variable.

Conclusion: It was determined that the students' 21st century skills levels were at a high level. It was determined that gender and parents’ educational status did not make a significant difference in the 21st century skills of secondary school students while grade level and internet connection at home did.
Infrared Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Polymer Crystallinity
Authors: Mallapragada Surya K. , Narasimhan Balaji
Published: June 2022

This article provides a comprehensive review of the application of infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the analysis of polymer crystallinity. A brief description of the theory behind the analysis of orientation in polymers using IR spectroscopy is followed by a comparison of various sampling methods for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These include transmission, attenuated total reflectance (ATR), external reflection, diffuse reflectance, photoacoustic, and emission spectroscopic techniques. Various modes of measurement such as polarized IR measurements, deuteration, and rheo‐optical measurements to obtain more information from IR spectra and make the interpretation of spectra easier, as well as new techniques to combine imaging and IR spectroscopy and real‐time measurements during processing are also discussed. The use of IR spectroscopy in analyzing both semicrystalline polymers as well as liquid crystalline polymers is presented. In the case of semicrystalline polymers, applications involve measuring phase transformations, chain conformation/packing, degree of crystallinity, crystallization kinetics, isomer ratios, and chain alignment during mechanical treatment. In the case of liquid crystalline polymers, IR spectroscopy has been used to analyze molecular orientation, segmental mobility, photo‐induced reorientation, and phase characterization/transformations. A comparison of IR measurements with other techniques used to analyze crystallinity in polymers such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, and neutron scattering has been presented.
Intrusive images, autobiographical memories, and core beliefs of patients with an eating disorder
Authors: Kadriu Fortesa , Claes Laurence , Witteman Cilia , Vroling Maartje , Norré Jan , Krans Julie
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to assess the characteristics and content of intrusive images in patients with eating disorders, and test the relations between intrusive images, core beliefs and autobiographical memories. As an exploratory aim, patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorders were compared on the level of dissociation associated with intrusive images. Self‐report questionnaire data were collected from 85 patients with an eating disorder. Most participants (91.7%) experienced intrusive images related to body weight and shape and self‐worth, and results confirms that these images were highly distressing and vivid. We found that intrusive images were linked to autobiographical memories, and that negative and distressing intrusive images were positively associated with negative core beliefs. Eating disorder subtypes did not differ on the level of dissociation associated with intrusive images. Our findings point to the potential importance of targeting intrusive images or autobiographical memories in the treatment of eating disorders.
Biomimetic Lipid‐Bilayer Anode Protection for Long Lifetime Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yan , Ouyang Mengzheng , Wang Yuetao , Qin Runzhi , Zhang Hao , Pan Wending , Leung Dennis Y. C. , Wu Billy , Liu Xinhua , Brandon Nigel P. , Xuan Jin , Pan Feng , Wang Huizhi
Published: June 2022

The practical application of rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries is impeded by dendrite growth, especially at high areal capacities and high current densities. Here, this challenge is addressed by proposing zinc perfluoro(2‐ethoxyethane)sulfonic (Zn(PES)2) as a zinc battery electrolyte. This new amphipathic zinc salt, with a hydrophobic perfluorinated tail, can form an anode protecting layer, in situ, with a biomimetic lipid‐bilayer structure. The layer limits the anode contact with free H2O and offers fast Zn2+ transport pathways, thereby effectively suppressing dendrite growth while maintaining high rate capability. A stable, Zn2+‐conductive fluorinated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is also formed, further enhancing zinc reversibility. The electrolyte enables unprecedented cycling stability with dendrite‐free zinc plating/stripping over 1600 h at 1 mA cm−2 at 2 mAh cm−2, and over 380 h under an even harsher condition of 2.5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2. Full cell tests with a high‐loading VS2 cathode demonstrate good capacity retention of 78% after 1000 cycles at 1.5 mA cm−2. The idea of in situ formation of a biomimetic lipid‐bilayer anode protecting layer and fluorinated SEI opens a new route for engineering the electrode–electrolyte interface toward next‐generation aqueous zinc batteries with long lifetime and high areal capacities.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Surface‐Mimicking Protein Secondary Structure as Lysosome‐Targeting Chimaeras for Self‐Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Qi Ji , Jia Shaorui , Kang Xiaoying , Wu Xinying , Hong Yuning , Shan Ke , Kong Xianglong , Wang Zhiming , Ding Dan
Published: June 2022

Immunotherapy has received tremendous attention for tumor treatment, but the efficacy is greatly hindered by insufficient tumor‐infiltration of immune cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The strategy that can efficiently activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inhibit negative immune regulators will greatly amplify immunotherapy outcome, which is however very rare. Herein, a new kind of semiconducting polymer (SP) nanoparticles is developed, featured with surface‐mimicking protein secondary structure (SPSS NPs) for self‐synergistic cancer immunotherapy by combining immunogenic cell death (ICD) and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The SPs with excellent photodynamic property are synthesized by rational fluorination, which can massively induce ICD. Additionally, the peptide antagonists are introduced and self‐assembled into β‐sheet protein secondary structures on the photodynamic NP surface via preparation process optimization, which function as efficient lysosome‐targeting chimaeras (LYTACs) to mediate the degradation of programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) in lysosome. In vivo experiments demonstrate that SPSS NPs can not only elicit strong antitumor immunity to suppress both primary tumor and distant tumor, but also evoke long‐term immunological memory against tumor rechallenge. This work introduces a new kind of robust immunotherapy agents by combining well‐designed photosensitizer‐based ICD induction and protein secondary structures‐mediated LYTAC‐like multivalence PD‐L1 blockade, rendering great promise for synergistic immunotherapy.
A Personalized Electronic Tattoo for Healthcare Realized by On‐the‐Spot Assembly of an Intrinsically Conductive and Durable Liquid‐Metal Composite
Authors: Lee Gun‐Hee , Woo Heejin , Yoon Chanwoong , Yang Congqi , Bae Jae‐Young , Kim Wonsik , Lee Do Hoon , Kang Heemin , Han Seungmin , Kang Seung‐Kyun , Park Seongjun , Kim Hyung‐Ryong , Jeong Jae‐Woong , Park Steve
Published: June 2022

Conventional electronic (e‐) skins are a class of thin‐film electronics mainly fabricated in laboratories or factories, which is incapable of rapid and simple customization for personalized healthcare. Here a new class of e‐tattoos is introduced that can be directly implemented on the skin by facile one‐step coating with various designs at multi‐scale depending on the purpose of the user without a substrate. An e‐tattoo is realized by attaching Pt‐decorated carbon nanotubes on gallium‐based liquid‐metal particles (CMP) to impose intrinsic electrical conductivity and mechanical durability. Tuning the CMP suspension to have low‐zeta potential, excellent wettability, and high‐vapor pressure enables conformal and intimate assembly of particles directly on the skin in 10 s. Low‐cost, ease of preparation, on‐skin compatibility, and multifunctionality of CMP make it highly suitable for e‐tattoos. Demonstrations of electrical muscle stimulators, photothermal patches, motion artifact‐free electrophysiological sensors, and electrochemical biosensors validate the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of the e‐tattoo‐based approach in biomedical engineering.
Visualizing the Nanoscale Oxygen and Cation Transport Mechanisms during the Early Stages of Oxidation of Fe–Cr–Ni Alloy Using In Situ Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Devaraj Arun , Barton Dallin J. , Li Cheng‐Han , Lambeets Sten V. , Liu Tingkun , Battu Anil , Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan , Thevuthasan Suntharampillai , Yang Feipeng , Guo Jinghua , Li Tianyi , Ren Yang , Kovarik Libor , Perea Daniel E. , Sushko Maria L.
Published: June 2022

Understanding the early stages of interactions between oxygen and material surfaces—especially at very high spatial resolutions—is highly beneficial for fields ranging from materials degradation, corrosion, geological sciences, forensics, and catalysis. The ability of in situ atom probe tomography (APT) is demonstrated to track the diffusion of oxygen and metal ions at nanoscale spatial resolution during the early stages of oxidation of a model Fe–Cr–Ni alloy. Using 18O isotope tracers in these in situ APT experiments and complementary ex situ multimodal microscopy, spectroscopy, and computational simulations allows to precisely analyze the kinetics of oxidation and determine that outward cation diffusion to oxide/air interface is the primary mechanism for intragranular oxide growth in this alloy at 300 °C. This unique in situ isotopic tracer APT approach and the insights gained can be highly beneficial for studying early stages of gas–surface reactions in a broad array of materials.
Probing the Edges between Stability and Degradation of a Series of ZnSe‐Based Layered Hybrid Semiconductors
Authors: Yan Mengwen , Myers Christopher A. , John Gregory M. , Meyers Vincent E. , Chen Alan A. , Feldblyum Jeremy I.
Published: June 2022

The discovery of layered materials with potentially unique electrical and chemical properties has become a major focus of materials research in the past decade. 2D II–VI layered hybrids (LHs) are a family of ligand‐protected layered materials capable of isolation in few‐layer form and possess emissive and electronic properties of potential relevance to semiconductor device technologies. The authors showed previously that, akin to black phosphorus and transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D II–VI LHs are sensitive to ambient atmospheric conditions. However, the causes for degradation of these ligand‐protected materials remain unclear. Using ZnSe‐based LHs, it is shown herein that the stability of these materials is related to the length and chemistry of the organic ligands coordinated to the LH surfaces. Furthermore, exposure to isotopically enriched H218O and 18O2 reveals that H2O and O2 are both reactants contributing to ZnSe‐LH degradation. An H2O‐initiated degradation pathway is proposed and is supported by density functional theory calculations. The findings contribute to the discovery of protection strategies for layered materials and elucidate a degradation pathway that may also be applicable to other layered materials.
Microstructure Engineering of Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Single‐Photon Emitter Applications
Authors: Zhang Chao , Shi Zhiyuan , Wu Tianru , Xie Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

Single‐photon emitters (SPEs) can play an important role in future quantum optics. Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), a layered insulator (bandgap ≈6 eV), is a promising candidate for next‐generation SPEs because of its chemical and thermal stability and high brightness at room temperature. In this review, the microstructures (atomic defects, deformations, and cavities) of h‐BN are established and their SPE characteristics are analyzed. Recent progress in the synthesis of high‐quality bulk h‐BN, monoisotopic h‐BN, and epitaxial h‐BN films is also demonstrated. Some approaches for achieving SPE arrays are further discussed and the applications of h‐BN SPEs in the quantum field are investigated. The success in the preparation of large‐scale h‐BN and its microstructural engineering provides a promising future in low‐dimensional quantum optics.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Allylic Amination with Pyridones
Authors: Tu Hang‐Fei , Nie Yu‐Han , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li
Published: June 2022

We report herein a catalytic synthetic method for enantioenrichedN‐substituted pyridones. By employing chiral iridium catalyst generated from the Carreira [P/olefin] ligand, intermolecular asymmetric allylic amination of allyl alcohols with pyridones proceeded smoothly with excellent chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselectivities (>19:1N/O, >19:1 b/l and ≥89% ee). The reaction was a kinetic resolution process under mild conditions and displayed a broad substrate scope for both pyridones and allylic alcohols. The potential of this method was demonstrated by a gram‐scale reaction with only 0.6 mol% catalyst loading and diverse transformations of the amination products to useful skeletons.

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A Biomimetic, Biocompatible OECT Sensor for the Real‐Time Measurement of Concentration and Saturation of Ions in Plant Sap
Authors: Gentile Francesco , Vurro Filippo , Janni Michela , Manfredi Riccardo , Cellini Francesco , Petrozza Angelo , Zappettini Andrea , Coppedè Nicola
Published: June 2022

Currently, the transport of ions and nutrients in the plant stem is determined by destructive techniques or by radiolabeled compounds. Here, materials science and mathematical modeling have been combined to develop a sensor device that can monitor in real time and simultaneously the concentration of ions and the saturation in the plant's xylem. The device, based on the technology of organic electrochemical transistors, is biomimetic, biocompatible, low‐cost, and minimally invasive. The mathematical model decodes the sensor's response and decouples the effects of concentration and saturation over time. In this work, this scheme is demonstrated by monitoring the condition of tomato plants subjected to vapor pressure deficit for 16 d, and to drought and salt stress for up to 25 d. Results of the work have the potential to impact on the analysis of plant's physiology, improve water use efficiency in small and large‐scale agriculture, and maximize yield with a minimum amount of fertilizer/nutrients.
Local food in times of crisis: The impact of COVID‐19 and two reinforcing primes
Authors: Vecchi Martina , Jaenicke Edward C. , Schmidt Claudia
Published: June 2022

Using an online survey experiment and a sample of 1650 participants from the Mid‐Atlantic region in the United States, we investigate the effects of COVID‐19 and two reinforcing primes on preferences for local food and donations to support farmers, farmers markets, and a food‐relief program. At the beginning of the survey, we induce a subset of participants to think about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on either their personal life, finances, and health or on their local community and its members. Both primes increase participants’ levels of anxiety and slightly reduce their sense of community. Additionally, both primes significantly decrease the hypothetical price premium participants are willing to pay for local food, that is, both for fruits and vegetables and for meat products. The primes do not significantly affect the amount donated to charitable organizations, except when controlling for participants’ own experiences with COVID‐19. While priming increases donations for some participants, it decreases donations for those with a “strong” COVID‐19 experience, especially for the food relief program. [EconLit Citations: C90, Q19].
Risk perception and terrestriality in primates: A quasi‐experiment through habituation of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique
Authors: Hammond Philippa , Lewis‐Bevan Lynn , Biro Dora , Carvalho Susana
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Habituation is a common pre‐requisite for studying noncaptive primates. Details and quantitative reporting on this process are often overlooked but are useful for measuring human impact on animal behavior, especially when comparing studies across time or sites. During habituation, perceived risk of a stimulus—human observers—is assumed to decline with repeated exposure to that stimulus. We use habituation as a quasi‐experiment to study the landscape of fear, exploring relationships between actual risk, perceived risk, mediating environmental variables, and behavioral correlates.

Materials and Methods

We recorded vocalizations and observer‐directed vigilance as indicators of perceived risk during habituation of two troops of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. Here, we model changes in these variables as a function of habituation time, troop, time of day, and habitat features. We also model the relationship between each of the anti‐predator behaviors and ground‐use, exploring whether they predict greater terrestriality in the baboons.

Results

In both troops, vocalization rates and observer‐directed vigilance declined with cumulative exposure to observers, but were heightened later in the day and in denser habitat types. We found that terrestrial activity was negatively related to levels of both vocalizations and observer‐directed vigilance.

Discussion

This study provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of human observation on primate behavior and highlights environmental variables that influence anti‐predator behaviors, perhaps indicating heightened perception of risk. The relationship between perceived risk and terrestriality is significant for understanding the evolution of this rare trait in primates.
Modeling the through‐thickness frontal polymerization of unidirectional carbon fiber thermoset composites: Effect of microstructures
Authors: Wang Yeqing
Published: June 2022

The frontal polymerization is a technique that creates a self‐sustaining “cure front” that propagates through the thermoset resin material. Such a technique is potentially capable of substantially reducing the curing time of thermoset resin fiber composites from several hours to only a few minutes or even seconds, which is promising for the additive manufacturing and repair of thermoset fiber composites. In this study, the effect of the microstructures (i.e., fiber volume fraction, fiber tow size, and fiber tow shape) of unidirectional fiber composites on the frontal polymerization initiated in the through‐thickness direction of the composites is investigated through computational modeling. The computational model is verified through comparisons with experimental data. The simulation results show that the frontal polymerization process is largely affected by the fiber volume fraction and the fiber tow shape and is insensitive to the fiber tow size. The average front velocity decreases significantly as the fiber volume fraction increases from 0% to 30% and then decreases mildly from 30% to 46%. Above 46%, the average front velocity plateaus. Moreover, the average front velocity decreases in an approximately linear fashion as the ratio between the major radius and minor radius of the elliptical cross section of fiber tow increases.
Crosstalk between ferroptosis and stress—Implications in cancer therapeutic responses
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yu Jiao‐jiao , Yang Chen , Shang Shuang , Lv Xiao‐xi , Cui Bing , Hua Fang
Published: June 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death that is characterized by the accumulation of iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Research on ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years. Tumor cells are strongly dependent on iron for their growth, which makes them develop mechanisms to increase iron uptake and inhibit iron output, thereby completing iron accumulation. Ferroptosis can be induced or inhibited by various stresses through multiple mechanisms, making it stands at the crossroads of stresses related cancer cell fate determination. In this review, we give a brief summary of ferroptosis hallmarks and provide a systematic analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of diverse stress conditions on ferroptosis. We also discuss the relationships between ferroptosis and cancer therapy responses to further understand potential targets and therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
The interplay between XPG‐Asp1104His polymorphism and reproductive risk factors elevates risk of breast cancer in Tanzanian women: A multiple interaction analysis
Authors: Adolf Ismael C. , Rweyemamu Linus P. , Akan Gokce , Mselle Ted F. , Dharsee Nazima , Namkinga Lucy A. , Lyantagaye Sylvester L. , Atalar Fatmahan
Published: June 2022

Background

Reproductive history and genetics are well‐known risk factors of breast cancer (BC). Little is known about how these factors interact to effect BC. This study investigated the association of ten polymorphisms in DNA repair genes with BC susceptibility in the Tanzanian samples and further analyzed the association between reproductive risk factors and disease risk

Methods

A hospital‐based case–control study in 263 histopathological confirmed BC patients and 250 age‐matched cancer‐free controls was carried out. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotype association analyses were executed. Also, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), and interaction dendrogram approaches were performed.

Results

The frequency of genotypic and allelic variants of XRCC1‐Arg399Gln (rs25487), XRCC2‐Arg188His (rs3218536), XRCC3‐Thr241Met (rs861539), XPG‐Asp1104His (rs17655), and MSH2‐Gly322Asp (rs4987188) were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, XRCC1‐Arg399Gln (rs25487), XRCC3‐Thr241Met (rs861539), and XPG‐Asp1104His (rs17655) were associated with the increased risk of BC in co‐dominant, dominant, recessive, and additive genetic‐inheritance models (p < 0.05). XRCC1‐Arg/Gln genotype indicated a 3.1‐fold increased risk of BC in pre‐menopausal patients (p = 0.001) while XPG‐His/His genotype showed a 1.2‐fold increased risk in younger BC patients (<40 years) (p = 0.028). Asp/His+His/His genotypes indicated a 1.3‐fold increased risk of BC in PR+ patients and a 1.1‐fold decreased risk of BC in luminal‐A patients (p = 0.014, p = 0.020, respectively). MDR analysis revealed a positive interaction between BC and the XPG‐Asp1104His (rs17655) together with family history of cancer in the first‐degree relatives. Dendrogram analysis indicated that the XPG‐Asp1104His (rs17655) and family history of cancer in first‐degree relatives were significantly synergistic and might be associated with an elevated risk of BC in Tanzania.

Conclusions

The XPG‐Asp1104His (rs17655) might exert both independent and interactive effects on BC development in the Tanzanian women.
Kynurenine produced by tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase metabolism promotes glioma progression through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Weichao , Ye Lu , Zhong Chuanhong , Li Jianguo , Ye Feng , Lv Liang , Yu Yang , Jiang Shu , Zhou Peizhi
Published: June 2022

The current studies associated with tumor biology continue to describe a high correlation between tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and tumor progression. These findings reflect the complex underlying mechanism of tumor development and highlight the need to explore additional drug targets for carcinoma‐associated diseases. In our study, we reported that elevated Trp metabolism was observed in highly malignant glioma tumor tissues from patients. The elevated Trp metabolism in glioma cells were induced by the overexpression of Trp 2,3‐dioxygenase 2 (TDO2), which further contributed to the production of the metabolite kynurenine (Kyn). Subsequently, the Kyn derived from Trp metabolism was able to mediate the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and downstream PI3K/AKT signals, resulting in the strengthening of tumor stemness and growth. Meanwhile, the activation of the AhR could promote the process of epithelial−mesenchymal transition in gliomas through a TGF‐β‐dependent mechanism, leading to enhanced tumor invasion in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the AhR using StemRegenin 1 was demonstrated to suppress glioma growth and improve the outcome of traditional chemotherapy in subcutaneous tumor‐bearing mice, representing a promising therapeutic target for clinical glioma treatment.