bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAN WE REALLY PREVENT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of General Medicine, Bucharest, Sirbu Octavian-Mihai , Sandu Anca-Maria ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of General Medicine, Bucharest, Plesa Florentina-Cristina ,   Department of Neurology, Central Universitary Emergency Military Hospital, „Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Sirbu Carmen-Adella ,   Department of Neurology, Central Universitary Emergency Military Hospital, „Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects mainly the elderly people, was declared a public health priority by the World Health Organization. Because the main clinical manifestations are cognitive, behavioral and psychological symptoms, patients diagnosed with this disease have a significantly lower quality of life. This type of dementia has an inexorably progressive evolution so, families and health care staff, must make great efforts to provide a decent standard of living for these patients. Because it has a huge economic burden and there is no treatment to stop or cure the disease, it is important to emphasises modifiable risk factors and to apply prevention strategies, proved by scientific evidence.
DEPRESSION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS – REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Maier Smaranda , Balasa Rodica ,   Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Buruian Mircea ,   Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Maier Anca ,   Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Bajko Zoltan ,   Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures
Published: September 2021

Depression is one of the most important psychiatric comorbidity in multiple sclerosis and is associated with increased disability and poor quality of life. The diagnosis is challenging because of the overlapping symptomatology. The pathogenesis is complex and controversial, the incidence is high, but is frequently under-diagnosed and under-treated. The aim of this article is to review the most important aspects of depression in multiple sclerosis as: epidemiology, pathogenesis, assessment, correlates with disability, cognition, fatique, quality of life, suicide, the relationship with the immunomodulatory therapy, neuroimaging and treatment options.
THE EFFECT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT DRUG “U-74389G” ON TOTAL PROTEIN LEVELS DURING ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mesologi County Hospital, Etoloakarnania, Greece, Tsompos Constantinos , Panoulis Constantinos ,   Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens University, Attiki, Greece, Toutouzas Konstantinos ,   Department of Surgery, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Athens University, Attiki, Greece, Zografos George ,   Department of Surgery, Ippokrateion General Hospital, Athens University, Attiki, Greece, Papalois Apostolos ,   Experimental Research Center ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, S.A. Inc., Co
Published: September 2021

The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G”, on rat model and particularly in an ischemia – reperfusion protocol. The beneficial effect or non-effectiveness of that molecule were studied biochemically using blood mean total protein levels. Materials and methods. 40 rats of mean weight 231.875 gr were used in the study. Total protein levels were measured at 60 min of reperfusion (groups A and C) and at 120 min of reperfusion (groups B and D), A and B without but C and D with U-74389G administration. Results were that U-74389G administration significantly decreased the predicted TP levels by 7.34% + 1.76% (P = 0.000). Reperfusion time non-significantly increased the predicted TP levels by 1.46% + 2.12% (p = 0.410). However, U-74389G administration and reperfusion time together significantly decreased the TP levels by 4.08% + 1.10% (P = 0.000). Conclusions are that U-74389G administration interacted or not with reperfusion time significantly decreases the total protein levels.
NONCONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS CAUSED BY VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS: CASE REPORT
Authors:   „N. Testemitsanu“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, Cozac Rodica ,   Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, Rotaru Lilia ,   Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Published: September 2021

In pediatric patients Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may have miscellaneous neurological manifestations. Children with acute viral encephalopathy may present prolonged electrographic seizure activity consistent with non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). NCSE condition is difficult to diagnose due to absence of motor seizures, presenting only changes in behavior and consciousness. In this report we present a clinical case of EBV infection in 3.5-year-old girl. On admission she suffered of confusional state and irritability after an episode of motor partial complex seizure being in good health. The condition evolved twenty five days after an episode of respiratory infection diagnosed as bacterial tonsillitis by the family physician and treated with antibacterials. Laboratory blood evaluation as well as chest radiography, urinalysis, bleeding time, fibrinogen were within the normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord revealed a subcortical increased signal in the left occipital lobe on T2-weighted image. Electroencephalography (EEG) pattern revealed non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). EBV infection was revealed by serum antibody test. The present case emphasizes the importance to evaluate the role of EBV in acute neurological syndromes in pediatric patients, in particular, in presence of behavioral changes with EEG evidence of seizures. NCSE in children denotes electrographic seizures without convulsive activity and often manifests as altered mental status. It may be difficult to diagnose in pediatric patients in whom changes of behavior and consciousness may not be as easily recognized as in adults.
NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC DYE COMPOUNDS: APPLICATIONS IN GLIOBLASTOMAS THERAPY
Authors:   Neurology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Alexandru Oana ,   Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Georgescu Ada Maria ,   Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Ene Laurentiu ,   Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Tudorica Valerica ,   Neurology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Dricu Anica ,   Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
Published: September 2021

Glioblastomas are the most aggressive high-grade gliomas, characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth, high migration potential, angiogenesis, predisposition for necrosis that are decisive steps in resistance to therapy. In spite of current advances, the treatment of these tumors remains a challenge for oncologists. Because of the poor prognosis of these patients, development and testing of more effective therapeutic strategies is undertaken by several medical scientific communities. One of the new classes of drugs that are tested in vivo and in vitro is represented by the dye-compounds. This review focuses on efficacy of these drugs and their mechanisms of action in glioblastomas.
CRYPTOGENIC STROKE – FROM A HYPOTHESIS TO DEFINITE PROOF. CASE REPORT
Authors:   Neurology Department, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Nistor Raluca Ileana
Published: September 2021

Current diagnostic standards do not answer all questions regarding the etiology of ischemic stroke. Nowadays, the cryptogenic ischemic stroke (without an obvious cause) still represents 20-30% of all acute strokes. In the end, this terminology is used in the absence of a definite medical and scientific diagnosis. The clinical case that will be presented highlights how difficult the differential diagnosis is regarding an ischemic stroke in a young patient, apparently healthy before the acute neurologic event.
ANTICOAGULATION COMPLICATIONS IN A PATIENT WITH PRIOR CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Cociasu Ioana , Davidescu Irene ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Buraga Ioan ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Popescu Bogdan Ovidiu ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,   Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, ”Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest
Published: September 2021

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare form of stroke treated with anticoagulant compounds both in the acute phase as well as in long term. We present the case of a 56 year old female that suffered two different forms of stroke in 2 years.
CAN WE PREDICT THE RESPONSE TO GALANTAMINE IN ALZHEIMER`S DISEASE PATIENTS?
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Gavan Carmen , Tiu Cristina ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,   University Hospital, Bucharest, Bajenaru Ovidiu Alexandru ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,   University Hospital, Bucharest
Published: September 2021

Although considerate progress was obtained by adding imagistic and laboratory test, clinical examination remains the core of the diagnosis for Alzheimer`s disease. After 20 years of experience with anticholinergic drugs we know that only one third of the patients respond to the treatment; the treatment is more efficient in the initial stages of the neurocognitive decline. It is important to evaluate the efficacy of drugs as soon as possible. We examined patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer`s disease referred through our outpatient clinic. They fulfilled the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer`s disease and they scored at baseline 21 to 26 points on MMSE. The patients were treated with Galantamine, 8 mg/day for the first month and then 16 mg/day. We evaluated the patients after 2 and 6 months of treatment; we performed MMSE and ADAS-Cog in order to see if a more complex evaluation would be helpful. We considered that the treatment was efficient if MMSE score did not decrease after 6 months of treatment. We also evaluated clinical disability using DAD (Disability Assessment for Dementia Scale) and the difficulty of living with a patient with dementia using CBS (Caregiver Burden Scale). The examination using MMSE and ADAS-Cog after two months of treatment does not have a predictable value. ADAS-Cog examination can be useful for patients that have a stable MMSE score after six months of treatment. Although the evolution of ADAS-Cog and MMSE scores were significantly positive, clinical disability of the patients progressed, rising concerns for their caregivers.
STROKE – CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CLINICAL EXAMINATION, IMAGING FINDINGS AND MICROSCOPICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Neurology Department, Constanta County Emergency Hospital, Hancu Anca , Deacu Mariana ,   Pathology Department, Constanta County Emergency Hospital, Bosoteanu Madalina ,   Pathology Department, Constanta County Emergency Hospital
Published: September 2021

Stroke is the most frequent cause of disability among the neurologic diseases of the adult. In the last two decades, the extraordinary development of brain imaging techniques allows the rapid recognition of normal, ischemic, infarction or hemorrhagic brain tissue. The term cerebrovascular disease designates any abnormality of the brain resulting from a pathological process of the blood vessels, including occlusion by embolus or thrombus, rupture of a vessel, an altered permeability of the vessel wall, or increased viscosity or other changes in quality of the blood flowing through the cerebral vessels. The clinical, imagistic and histological correlations in the study of arteriosclerosis are very important due to the fact that cardiovascular disease and stroke are the main causes of death in developped countries. Our study consists of a group of 36 patients admitted in the Neurology department of Constanta County Emergency Hospital in the first six months of 2012 with the diagnosis of acute stroke, which died within the first 5 days from admission. The studied group was divided into four subgroups, according to the CT scan findings and clinical examination on admission and the autopsy results. In the sudden death cases that had no acute lesions on the brain CT on admission, histological examination revealed the diagnosis. In all cases, histological examination included in showed atherosclerotic modifications of cerebral and peripheral vessels (the circle of Willis arteries, coronary arteries, aorta and renal arteries).
DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS – CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors:   National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Rosu Daniela
Published: September 2021

The gold standard in dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) evaluation is complete angiography. Treatment options include: conservative management, open surgery, endovascular therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery or multimodality therapy. The goal of microsurgical intervention is DAVF obliteration or selective CVD disconnection. We present a 59 years old male who was brought to the Emergency Department of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases in a comatose state (GCS- 5p).
THE PSEUDOSCLEROTIC FORM (“WING-BEATING TREMOR”) OF WILSON’S DISEASE
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Poalelungi Alina , Poalelungi Viorel ,   Department of Neurology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Mladin Daniela ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Popescu Bogdan O. ,   Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Research Center, Bucharest,   Department of Clinical Neurosciences – School of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy,   Laboratory of Neuroscience and Molecular Medicine, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology
Published: September 2021

Wilson disease is a rare monogenic, autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, leading to progressive accumulation of copper in different organs, essentially in the liver, brain and cornea. We report a case of a 25 years old man, Caucasian, with “wing-beating tremor” in the right arm that started with two month in advance of hospital admission, than evolved to the left arm, a week before hospitalization. The slit-lamp examination showed the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings in both eyes. The laboratory tests and brain MRI confirmed the diagnostic of Wilson’s disease.
NANONEUROLOGY
Authors:   Targu-Mures Clinical Emergency Hospital, Balasa Rodica ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu-Mures
Published: September 2021

In the last two decades, nanotechnology has acquired a new dimension in medicine and healthcare. Applications of nanotechnology to neurology complement other approaches for the research, diagnosis and treatment of the neurological diseases/disorders (nanoneurology). The clinical challenges imposed by the central nervous system (CNS) and the obstacles faced by anything designed to target and interface with CNS are a result of its unique anatomophysiology. In this context, we can mention the possibilities of nanoparticles (drugs, contrast agents) to cross through blood-brain-barrier. Once entered in CNS, the nanoparticles need to selectively target its intended cells or ligands and only then carry out its primary functions. A promising area that has seen marked progress involves nanoengineered technologies for imaging anatomofunctional structures and for tracking transplanted stem cells and related applications with high efficacy and at high spatial resolutions. Several “nano” formulations are being investigated as potential carries for drug of various classes to treat the neurological diseases (e.g.: demyelinating, degenerative, stroke, epilepsy). Other potential future applications of nanotechnology include the use of nanoengineered functional scaffold systems for promoting neural regeneration following both acute and chronic neurological injury. Applications of nanotechnology to neurology and to neuroscience more broadly, represent emerging next-generation basic research, diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
EFFECT OF SERUM 25(OH) D LEVEL, CIGARETTE SMOKING AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE ON CLINICAL COURSE OF RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN A GROUP OF FEMALE PATIENTS
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu-Mures, Kinga Molnar , Balasa Rodica ,   University Emergency County Hospital, Targu-Mures,   Regional MS Centre, University Emergency County Hospital, Targu-Mures
Published: September 2021

Objective. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of certain environmental factors on clinical and laboratorial variables in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients. Material and methods. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D, smoking habits and oral contraceptive use were evaluated in 36 relapsing-remitting MS female patients between ages 29-45 under Interferon beta-1a therapy. Clinical variables included annualized relapse rate and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The effect of sun exposure, dietary and smoking habits and oral contraceptive use on 25(OH) D levels was also examined. Results. Patients with higher 25(OH) D serum levels and consumers of oral contraceptives (OC) had better clinical outcomes, but not in a statistically significant extent. The practice of artificial tanning, consumption of alternative sources of vitamin D (cod liver oil, omega-3 fatty acids) and the use of oral contraceptives were associated with significantly higher vitamin D levels. Conclusions. Smoking seems to have less effect on disease progression and vitamin D levels than anticipated. Oral contraception use could be benefic and maintaining a high plasma D level is also encouraged in MS patients.
THE SPECTRUM OF CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES IN ROMANIA – A PATHOLOGICAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors:   Colentina University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Colentina Research Center, Bucharest, Romania, Bastian Alexandra Eugenia ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania, Mageriu Vlad ,   Colentina University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Colentina Research Center, Bucharest, Romania, Manole Emilia ,   Colentina University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Colentina Research Center, Bucharest, Romania,   ”Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
Published: September 2021

Objectives. Congenital myopathies (CM) are a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with genetic cause, characterized by motor deficit and weakness usually manifesting in the neonatal period, with slowly progressive or non-progressive course and affecting both sexes. MC classification has undergone many changes over time, and in recent years molecular genetic studies have enabled identification of novel genes and mutations, thus increasing the diagnostic complexity. We wanted to study the incidence and morphological features of the CM cases diagnosed by muscle biopsy in the Pathology Department of Colentina University Hospital over a period of 10 years (09.2005- 09.2015). Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed all the muscle biopsies diagnosed with different types of CM. Muscle biopsies were performed and specifically processed using routine and special stains on cryosections, semithin and ultrathin sections for ultrastructural examination. In all the cases we reassessed the clinical and laboratory data. Results. From a number of 1,530 peripheral nerve and muscle biopsies performed and analyzed in the 10 years period we diagnosed CM in 15 cases, representing 1.03% of the total. Of these, five were “central core myopathies”, five centronuclear/myotubular myopathies, one case of nemaline myopathy, one case of “reducing body myopathy” and three cases with congenital fiber type disproportion. Reassessment of morphological data in the clinical context allowed us to identify numerous overlaps between subtypes both in the clinical and pathological picture. Conclusions. The reduced number of MC identified in our country suggests that these diseases are probably underdiagnosed or diagnosed late, requiring a better understanding of the various clinical and pathological particularities. In the accurate diagnostic algorithm, muscle biopsy remains essential to establish the type of CM and thus to direct genetic tests.
A non-destructive NIR spectroscopic method combined with chemometry for simultaneous assay of paracetamol and caffeine in tablets
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, MUNTEAN Dana , PORFIRE Alina ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, ALECU Cristian ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, IURIAN Sonia ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, CASIAN Tibor ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, GÂVAN Alexandru ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, TOMUTA Ioan ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu“ University of Medicine and  Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2021

The use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict the concentration of two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), paracetamol and caffeine, in intact tablets, has been evaluated in this study. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was developed using spectral data obtained on a calibration set consisting of 28 formulations containing 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of each API. Regression models were developed for each API, both using un-processed spectral data as well as after applying various spectra pre-processing methods. Cross-validation was used to select best calibration model. The selected model was validated in terms of precision, trueness, accuracy and linearity in a concentration ranging from 90 to 110% of the targeted APIs concentration. The applicability of the method was tested on tablets containing 300 mg paracetamol and 30 mg caffeine as targeted composition, and the API content predicted by the proposed NIR-chemometric method was not statistically different from the one obtained by HPLC method, used as a reference method. Thus, the method presented in the current paper is a step forward towards the implementation NIR as useful tool for monitoring the manufacturing process of fixed-dose combination tablets with paracetamol and caffeine.
Unsteady MHD Rear Stagnation-Point Flow of a Hybrid Nanofluid with Heat Generation/Absorption Effect
Authors: Nurul Amira Zainal  , Kohilavani Naganthran  , Roslinda Nazar
Published: September 2021

The study of unsteady flow is essential in various engineering systems, for instance, the periodic fluid motion and start-up process. Therefore, this numerical study focuses on examining the unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) rear stagnation-point flow in Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking surface with the impact of heat generation/absorption. By choosing a suitable similarity transformation, partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved using the bvp4c function in the MATLAB package. The effects of the solution domain’s operating parameters are analysed, and dual solutions are observable as the sheet shrinks. It is found that the addition of the suction parameter escalates the heat transfer efficiency. Eventually, the existence of the unsteadiness parameter and the heat generation/absorption effect significantly encourage heat transfer deterioration.
Current views on angina pectoris in patients with intact coronary arteries (INOCA)
Authors: Skybchyk V. A. , Melen Y. P.
Published: September 2021

This article presents modern views on the pathophysiological mechanisms of angina symptoms in patients without severe hemodynamically significant stenosis in the coronary arteries. An algorithm of invasive diagnostic tests is presented, which help to determine the endotypes of INOCA, which further plays an important role in order to prescribe optimal drug therapy that improves quality of life in this category of patients.
Search for Long-duration Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Magnetar Giant Flares
Authors: Macquet A. , Bizouard M. A. , Burns E. , Christensen N. , Coughlin M. , Wadiasingh Z. , Younes G.
Published: September 2021

Magnetar giant flares are rare and highly energetic phenomena observed in the transient sky whose emission mechanisms are still not fully understood. Depending on the nature of the excited modes of the magnetar, they are also expected to emit gravitational waves (GWs), which may bring unique information about the dynamics of the excitation. A few magnetar giant flares have been proposed to be associated with short gamma-ray bursts. In this paper we use a new gravitational-wave search algorithm to revisit the possible emission of GWs from four magnetar giant flares within 5 Mpc. While no gravitational-wave signals were observed, we discuss the future prospects of detecting signals with more sensitive gravitational-wave detectors. In particular, we show that galactic magnetar giant flares that emit at least 1% of their electromagnetic energy as GWs could be detected during the planned observing run of the LIGO and Virgo detectors at design sensitivity, with even better prospects for third-generation detectors.
Numerical Models of Externally Irradiated Herbig–Haro Objects
Authors: Estrella-Trujillo D. , Velázquez P. F. , Raga A. C. , Esquivel A.
Published: September 2021

We use 3D radiation–hydrodynamic simulations to study the effects of an external photoionization source on the structure of a Herbig–Haro (HH) jet launched from a young stellar object. Different ionizing photon rates are considered as well as a time-dependent ejection velocity and density. From our numerical results, synthetic Hα emission maps are computed in order to study how the external ionizing source affects the observed morphology of the jet and counterjet. We find that, as expected, the outflow has jet/counterjet and side-to-side asymmetries (with brighter Hα emission toward the external photoionizing source). We find that, for a variable ejection velocity, jet morphologies similar to different observed externally irradiated jets can be straightforwardly obtained. Models of jets with a variable ejection density (and constant outflow velocity) produce morphologies that are not seen in observed HH jets and are, therefore, not justified by the presently available observations.
Isolation, identification and virulence determinants of Streptococcus agalactiae from bovine subclinical mastitis in Egypt
Authors: Abd El-Razik Khaled Abd EL-Hamid , Arafa Amany A , Fouad Ehab A , Younes Abdelgayed M , Almuzaini Abdulaziz M , Abdou Amr M
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of contagious mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalctiae (S. agalactiae) in cattle from households and small-scale dairy farms in Egypt. Molecular characterization of S.agalactiae isolates was described including the genetic determinants of virulence to assess the genetic variation in isolated strains of S. agalactiae.

Methodology: Three hundred and sixty milk samples were collected from 90 apparently healthy dairy cows randomly selected from household and small-scale dairy farms were examined by Somatic Cell Count (SCC) as an indicator for subclinical mastitis. S.agalactiae isolates were bacteriologically and molecularly identified followed by identification of virulence genes using PCR.

Results: A total of 172 milk samples (47.77%) were positive with SCC > 200×103/ml. Bacteriological examination of the positive SCC milk samples revealed that 28 (16.28%) of the isolates were S.agalactiae. Molecular examination using PCR confirmed only 22 isolates of S. agalactiae (12.8%). Moreover, we used the pattern of virulence genes to address the genetic variation of S. agalactiae strains isolated from cases of contagious mastitis in cattle in Egypt. Virulence genes hylB, cylE, iagA, and bac were determined in 100%, 68.2%, 13.6% and 100% of isolates respectively.

Conclusions: The use of molecular methods for the identification of the causative agent in mastitis confirmed that, in Egypt, Streptococcus agalactiae is considered as one of the predominant infectious agents among contagious mastitis causing pathogens. The pattern of virulence genes presented the genetic diversity of highly virulent S. agalactiae strains isolated from cases of contagious mastitis in cattle in Egypt.
Frequency of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles in HIV-infected and uninfected patients in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Köksal Muammer Osman , Akgül Baki , Beka Hayati , Çiftçi Sevgi , Keskin Fahriye , Eraksoy Haluk , Ağaçfidan Ali
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Co-receptors involved in cell entry of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mutations in genes encoding their ligands may play a role in the susceptibility to infection and resistance to the progression of the infection. The best studied mutations that can exist in these genes are the CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A mutations. The frequency of these mutations vary from continent to continent and even from region to region. However, there is limited information on their distribution throughout the Turkish population. Istanbul is the city with the highest number of documented HIV-infected patients in Turkey, which can be attributed to the population size. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of three AIDS-related gene variants among HIV-infected and uninfected population in Istanbul, Turkey and to estimate the contribution of these variants to susceptibility or resistance to HIV.

Methodology: A total of 242 healthy individuals and 200 HIV-positive patients were included in the study. CCR5 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. CCR2 and SDF1 polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results: The allelic frequencies for CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3’A were 4.07%, 19.8% and 28.7%, respectively. No individual was found to carry the homozygous CCR5-Δ32 mutation in either cohort. No polymorphism was found to be significantly elevated in the HIV-infected cohort compared to the healthy group.

Conclusions: The distribution of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A variants does not differ between HIV-infected and uninfected patients. CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A frequencies are relatively high where as the frequency of CCR5-Δ32 is low.
Immunohistochemical Expression of “HE4” in Endometrial Hyperplasia versus Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma
Authors: El-Hamed Amany Talaat Abd , Mahmoud Samira Abd-Allah , Soliman Ahmed A. , El-Yasergy Dina F.
Published: September 2021

Aim
Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract. No effective biomarkers currently exist to allow for an efficient risk classification of endometrial carcinoma. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) overexpression is first observed in ovarian cancer tissue and subsequent research has shown that the HE4 overexpression has also been observed in patients with endometrial carcinoma. To our knowledge, this marker was evaluated in small number of research studies in cases of endometrial carcinoma versus hyperplasia. This has inspired us to test for immunohistochemical expression of HE4 in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and hyperplastic endometria and to correlate HE4 expression with various prognostic pathological parameters including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grading and staging.
Methods
Immunohistochemical staining for HE4 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of forty cases of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and thirty cases of endometrial hyperplasia: including 15 cases of non-atypical hyperplasia and 15 cases of atypical hyperplasia. A histochemical score was used to evaluate HE4 expression by the tumor cells.
Results
In this study, HE4 overexpression level was significantly higher in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma than endometrial hyperplasia and significantly higher than non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (P<0.05). HE4 strong expression was detected in 20% of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, but no statistical significance was detected between atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. HE4 overexpression showed statistically significant positive correlation with FIGO grading, FIGO staging, and depth of myometrial invasion.
Conclusion:
During interpretation of endometrial biopsies of atypical hyperplasia, HE4 strong expression might raise the possibility of the presence of coexisting adenocarcinoma not biopsied or even warning of a near future malignant transformation. Also, strong expression of HE4 by tissue biopsy of adenocarcinoma should be reported as this might predict higher grade and stage of the tumor, a point that should be considered by surgeons while performing hysterectomy. These results should be further confirmed by extending the study on a large scale, correlation of HE4 expression with the molecular classification of Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas and long term follow up are required to establish the prognostic significance of HE4 expression in endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia.
Keywords: Endometrial carcinoma, Endometrial hyperplasia, HE4, Immunohistochemistry.
The Relationship between Pregnancy-related Anxiety and Maternal-fetal Attachment among Primigravida
Authors: Anjarwati Anjarwati , Koni Suryaningsih Endang
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Many studies support the hypothesis that pregnancy-related anxiety (PRA) is strongly linked to postpartum depression, preterm births, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, pregnancy complications, and negative infant outcomes. PRA has also been associated with mother-fetal bond during pregnancy that a special relationship between the mother and infant and growth beyond before the infant is born. Although extensive studies on PRA and maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) have been carried out, little attention on these issues is done in the Indonesian context. AIM: To fill such a gap, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal PRA and MFA. METHODS: Expectant mothers who visit their antenatal care in the primary health community services at Yogyakarta participated in this study. They were recruited using a purposive sampling technique based on the criteria: (a) The 1st time pregnancy, (b) in the late stage of pregnancy, (c) have no complication, (d) mother at any age range, and (e) mother at any education level. G-power 3.1.9.2 with effect size 0.15 has used to determine the number of samples, 84 people. Statistical analysis Pearson correlation has been applied and calculates the t relationship between two variables. General linier model analysis conducted the contribution of demographic variables to PRA and MFA. RESULTS: There is a significant relationship between maternal anxiety during pregnancy and MFA (p < 0.001) and a significant correlation between PRA and maternal age. However, there were no correlation between MFA and demographic variables. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Findings study provides the crucial information as the new approach to enhance the quality of care of mother’s and infant’s health during pregnancy as well as to promote maternal mental health.
Purple Sweet Potato Phytochemicals: Potential Chemo-preventive and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Rizki Budiman Mochamad , Lina Wiraswati Hesti , Rezano Andri
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Purple sweet potato (PSP; Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam.) is a perennial plant from the morning glory family Convolvulaceae. This plant contains many functional compounds and a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenols, in contrast to other sweet potato plants of different colors. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that parts of PSP have interesting functions in the setting of cancer.

AIM: This article is a collective review of the potential properties of PSP in cancer, with an emphasis on its effects in breast, bladder, colorectal, liver, gastric, and cervical cancers.METHODS: Major English research databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies evaluating the activity of PSP against cancer published ended in Mei 2020.

RESULTS: The search yielded 72 articles relevant to this topic. Of note, PSP phytochemicals such anthocyanins and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives act as an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, acts as an antimutagenic agent, and has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the NF-κB pathway as a Chemo-preventive mechanism. Furthermore, PSP can promote apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibit proliferation, cell growth inhibition, and inhibit cancer progression that actions collectively sum as anticancer activity in many cancer cells. The primary target-signaling pathway that is interfered by PSP is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, which is a very common mutated pathway in cancer cells that regulates many physiologic processes inside the cells.

CONCLUSION: As a promising medicinal plant that may serve as a Chemo-preventive and anticancer agent, further research on PSP is required to determine its clinical uses and potential as a food supplement.
L’évolution urbaine d’ Althiburos , de la période numide à l’époque impériale romaine
Authors: Ben Akacha Walid
Published: September 2021

La multiplication des recherches archéologiques sur Althiburos a récemment attiré l’attention des historiens sur ce site africain. À partir de ces nouveaux travaux, nous tenterons une synthèse sur le développement urbain de cette cité, liant ce développement à l’histoire politique et institutionnelle de cette dernière. Nous analyserons également l’extension progressive de l’aire urbaine, la structuration des quartiers périphériques ainsi que le déplacement des centres d’intérêt du populus .
L’évolution du contrôle de gestion dans le secteur public de distribution d’eau en contexte post-soviétique. Une approche par les parties prenantes
Authors: Paladi Irina , Féniès Pierre
Published: September 2021

Cette recherche se concentre sur la gestion des Supply Chains d’eau et l’utilisation des techniques de contrôle de gestion associées dans un ancien pays soviétique. L’analyse qualitative est basée sur une approche originale, couplant la perspective historique et le cadre théorique des parties prenantes. Cette approche permet de mettre en évidence le rôle des parties prenantes dans l’évolution des systèmes de contrôle de gestion d’une société de distribution d’eau lors de la transition du système économique planifié vers l’économie de marché.
Ado ou addict : il faut choisir !
Authors: Haza Marion , Bernaud Joan
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, à partir du cas clinique de Mark, 15 ans, adolescent aux prises du pubertaire et de stupéfiants, nous proposons une réflexion autour de la difficulté à appréhender les conduites addictives extrêmes à l’adolescence et à offrir une possibilité de soin réellement adapté. L’article montre comment Mark est dans une problématique d’agirs typiquement adolescente, impliquant des consommations massives, des violences envers lui-même et des conduites suicidaires. Il indique également les difficultés de continuité de soin à apporter à ces adolescents ne rentrant pas dans les cases prédéfinies de la psychiatrie. L’objectif de ce texte est d’illustrer avec Mark cette réalité bien repérée de cloisonnement entre pédopsychiatrie et addictologie, nuisant aux prises en charge et nécessitant de lier processus pubertaire et enjeux des addictions. Il nous semble que l’analyse de la clinique des addictions en termes de sensorialité et symbolisation (à savoir selon une appréhension du monde au plus près des sensations et du corporel) ouvre la voie vers de nouveaux regards à porter sur ces actes symptomatologiques, afin d’apprécier une prise en charge englobant tant les enjeux du pubertaire que de la psychiatrie des conduites addictives.
Devenir des discontinuités précoces à l’adolescence
Authors: Jung Johann
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, l’auteur traite de la question du devenir des discontinuités précoces à l’adolescence. Une fois précisés les enjeux de la construction identitaire et de leur ressaisie par le pubertaire, un cas clinique met en scène la façon dont un sujet-adolescent, en proie au retour d’expériences de discontinuités narcissiques-identitaires, tente de rétablir un sentiment continu d’exister. À la lumière des enjeux qui traversent la problématique identitaire de l’adolescent, l’exploration de ce type de conjoncture clinique permet de repérer les diverses stratégies intersubjectives engagées pour traiter la discontinuité pubertaire. Au-delà du recours à l’agir et au sensoriel, la mise en récit au cours de la thérapie des discontinuités historiques permettrait de soutenir la création d’une continuité narcissique-identitaire nécessaire aux transformations pubertaires.
La clinique du craving dans la psychothérapie des addictions à l’alcool
Authors: Marchin Élodie , Gaudriault Pierre
Published: September 2021

Le craving , besoin impérieux de consommer de l’alcool, est l’objet d’une lutte répétée pour la plupart des personnes qui tentent de se soigner de leur addiction. Considérant l’addiction comme une solution qui efface simultanément toute représentation de la souffrance initiale, une écoute psychanalytique du craving permettrait un travail de figurabilité psychique souvent nécessaire à la séparation de cette addiction. Cette forte envie de boire peut être considérée comme une trace psychique grâce à laquelle, au cours de la psychothérapie, les enjeux et la signification de ce recours au produit peuvent se dessiner.
Enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids in black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fortified with squid liver oil
Authors: Tirtawijaya G. , Choi J.-S.
Published: September 2021

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL;Hermetia illucens) are known as an alternative feed for livestock, but their lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) makes it less valuable. To overcome these problems, BSFL substrate (chicken feed) was fortified with squid liver oil (SLO) at five different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%). The growth rate, feed conversion, and nutritional content of BSFL were evaluated at day 15 of rearing. Of the five concentrations, SLO 5% showed the highest growth increase (25.82-fold) among the other treatments (20.63-22.98-fold;P<0.05). The fortification of SLO 5% did not result in differences in survival and feed conversion of larvae compared to larvae fed the control substrate. By rearing BSFL in a substrate containing SLO 5%, the lipid content of the larvae was 32% higher than that of larvae fed the control substrate (P<0.05). The accumulation of lipids was faster in the substrate containing SLO 5% (33.20% for 8 days) than in the control substrate (24.36% for 15 days). The control group of BSFL contained no DHA or EPA, but after rearing on the SLO 5% fortified substrate, the larvae contained DHA at an average level of 2.99 g/100 g lipid and EPA was 2.68 g/100 g lipid. Harvested larvae from SLO 5% treatment was within safe levels of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg (840, 370, 860, and 26.7 μg/kg, respectively), under the EU threshold for animal feed. Based on our results, it concluded that BSFL enriched with PUFAs, DHA and EPA can be considered as important nutritional components of animal feed without excessive heavy metals accumulation by feeding SLO in an appropriate amount.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Dextenza 0.4 mg for the Treatment of Postoperative Inflammation and Pain in Patients After Photorefractive Keratectomy: The RESTORE Trial
Authors: Ibach Mitchel J. , Shafer Brian M. , Wallin Doug D. , Puls-Boever Keeley R. , Thompson Vance M. , Berdahl John P.
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:

To determine patient preference and treatment outcomes with an intracanalicular dexamethasone 0.4 mg insert compared to a standard steroid drop regimen in the contralateral eye following bilateral photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS:

In this randomized, prospective, self-controlled, open-label interventional study, one eye received the dexamethasone insert and the second eye received prednisolone acetate 1% taper following bilateral PRK surgery. Postoperative evaluations were performed on day 3, day 4, month 1, and month 3. Phone call surveys were performed on week 2. The Comparison of Ophthalmic Medications for Tolerability questionnaire was used to determine patient preference between postoperative regimens and postoperative pain. Corneal endpoints included time to epithelialization, presence of corneal haze, sodium fluorescein staining, and modified Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) scores. Both corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) were assessed.

RESULTS:

Twenty patients participated in the study. At month 3, 70% of patients preferred the dexamethasone insert, 20% preferred prednisolone acetate, and 10% expressed no preference. Patient surveys did not show a difference in postoperative pain between the study group and control group. No statistical difference was shown in time to epithelialization, 90-day CDVA or UDVA, postoperative corneal haze, corneal staining, or modified SPEED scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients undergoing PRK, there was preference toward a dexamethasone insert in place of topical prednisolone acetate for the postoperative steroid treatment. There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between the two cohorts in regard to healing time or visual outcomes.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(9):590–594.]
Invasion waves for a nonlocal dispersal predator-prey model with two predators and one prey
Authors: Yang Feiying , Li Wantong , Wang Renhu
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with the propagation dynamics of a nonlocal dispersal predator-prey model with two predators and one prey. Precisely, our main concern is the invasion process of the two predators into the habitat of one prey, when the two predators are weak competitors in the absence of prey. This invasion process is characterized by the spreading speed of the predators as well as the minimal wave speed of traveling waves connecting the predator-free state to the co-existence state. Particularly, the right-hand tail limit of wave profile is derived by the idea of contracting rectangle.