bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specificity of structure of complete mortality of individuals buried in the cemetery at the hospital and the church of Holy Spirit as compared to other cemeteries in Lublin from the 15th to 18th century
Authors: Kozak-Zychman Wanda , Szarlip Anna
Published: May 2015

The goal of the study is to analyse and evaluate a complete mortality of individuals buried in the cemetery at the hospital and the church of Holy Spirit in Lublin. The main question is whether and to what extent the results of research into the subject will reflect the physical condition and the low social status of individuals from the Holy Spirit hospital-poorhouse. The comparison includes burials of Lublin burghers, church dignitaries and religious brothers and sisters of the Cathedral and Pobrygidkowski Church. This study discusses such issues as the share of children, juveniles and adults, the sex ratio, distribution of age and sex of adult and the average life span for men and women. The differences in the cumulative distributions of age frequency (dx) for the compared cemeteries were assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To evaluate the differences in average life span of adults the Student’s t-test was used after verification of the equality of variance by using the F-Snedecor test. The cemetery at the hospital and the church of Holy Spirit clearly stands out among comparable sites, not only in the way of burying the dead. The study of individuals buried in the Holy Spirit cemetery showed: the largest share of children and juveniles, as well as small percentage of individuals over the age of 50 years, which resulted from a low average life span for both men and women (significant differences). The comparison of the cumulative relative numbers (dx) from the interval of 10–15 year shows this percentage to be the highest and remain so up to the last interval, i.e. 60 years and more (significant differences for group 15–20 years – compared with the Cathedral and the 30–40 years – compared with the Pobrygidkowski Church). A poor physical condition, clearly related with low social status, is indicated by a variety of illnesses, injuries and malformations which were recorded in a large number of the skeletal remains, i.e. more than 70% of individuals.
Anthropometric indicators as predictors of the risk of metabolic syndrome in adult working men
Authors: Brudecki Janusz , Chrzanowska Maria
Published: May 2015

Measurement of body weight, height, waist and hip circumference is a standard procedure that allows to better define the risk of metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study is to determine the usefulness of anthropometric indicators such as BMI, WC (waist circumference), WHR, WHtR and percentage of body fat to predict the metabolic cardiovascular risk in the adult male population of Krakow, as well as an attempt to determine the metabolic cardiovascular risk with the original anthropometric risk index. The study included 405 men from the population working in the T. Sendzimir Steelworks in Kraków at the age of 30–69 years. Anthropometric measurements: body height measured to the nearest mm, circuits (waist, hips) measured to the nearest centimetre, the percentage of fat (the type of electronic scales Tanita BF 300) measured according to the standard protocol by the same technician and biomedical indicators assessing the functional status of organism, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose and blood pressure measured with a mercury manometer. As a measure of goodness of fit for the indices of risk (and their components), the AUC method was used for the ROC curves to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. The results show that significant in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome are not only standard anthropometric measurements specified in the standards of WHO, EGIR, NCEP and IDF. In addition, it is important to take into account the amount of fat and calculate the cumulative risk index based on all relevant measurements and indicators.
Percentile distribution of blood pressure readings in relation to body mass index: a populationbased cross-sectional study ADOPOLNOR
Authors: Krzyżaniak Alicja , Stawińska-Witoszyńska Barbara , Kaczmarek Maria , Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska Małgorzata , Siwińska Aldona
Published: May 2015

Recent upward trends toward elevated blood pressure and increased weight expressed in terms of body mass index in children and adolescents call for regular monitoring of their physical growth and age-related changes in blood pressure. This requires adequate tools – reference values of a normal blood pressure range. The main objective of this study was to provide sex- and BMI-specific percentile reference values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure based on the adolescent Polish population, participants in the ADOPOLNOR study. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a representative, randomly selected cohort of 4,941; 2,451 male and 2,490 female students aged 10–18 years, residents in Wielkopolska province and its capital, the city of Poznań. All examinations were performed in school nursery rooms during morning hours according to standard procedures. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice on each occasion on the right arm using a fully calibrated TECH MED TM-Z mercury gauge sphygmomanometer with sets of exchangeable cuffs and a clinical stethoscope. The blood pressure classification was determined using the surveillance method. For each participant, the mean of measurements taken on each of the three occasions was calculated and served as his/her final blood pressure value. Using the LMS method, fitted percentile curves were created for BMI-related systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The findings revealed that age related blood pressure pattern was similar in boys and girls. It showed a steady increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age. There was a positive correlation between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicating that when systolic blood pressure increased so diastolic did (r=0.61 at p<0.01). Boys were likely to have relatively higher mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and steeper slope for BMI-related change in blood pressure than girls. Similar pattern was found for age-related changes in BMI. The quotation of 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th, and 97th at any given BMI between 12 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 provided indication of the entire variation in blood pressure of adolescent males and females aged 10–18 years. The sex- and BMI-specific reference values and charts for systolic and diastolic blood pressure may be a useful tool in monitoring blood pressure for early detection of its abnormal level and treatment of children and adolescents with high blood pressure.
Sustainable Rural Development Policy in Poland – Environmental Aspects
Authors: Mosiej Józef
Published: May 2015

The author discusses issues of sustainable development in rural areas in Poland from the perspective of natural resources management. Sustainable development of rural areas is the way of managing which links economic, social and ethical principles with ecological safety. This may be reached by proper management, directed on cautious usage of ecosystems’ self-controlling mechanisms, with the progress of science and technology. Agriculture in Poland is one of the most important sectors from an economic perspective and its importance is greater in Poland than in other countries in the EU. It has an influence not only on the social and economic situation of the rural population, but also on the natural environment, structure of landscape and biodiversity. From ecological point of view, functions of rural areas are not only being a place for production of food, resources for industry and green energy, but also supplying environmental goods such as protection of biodiversity and influencing air and water quality as well as landscape. The author presents ways to reduce the pressure of agricultural activities on water resources in the region, catchment and farm scale
Regional Disparities and their Reasons. Comparative Analysis of Slovakia and Hungary
Authors: Mariš Martin
Published: May 2015

Paper is focused on regional disparities and structural changes of economies of the V4 countries: the Slovak Republic and Hungary. The results have shown increasing regional differences between the capital regions, including their adjacent areas and the rest of the countries in case of both countries, based on empirical data and documented by the Lorenz curve. We can also observe an increasing difference between Western and Eastern areas of both countries. In terms of structural changes in the economy during the analyzed period 2001-2009, we can see a substantial shift in employment from primary sector (agriculture etc.) mainly to tertiary sector (services etc.) and also to secondary sector (industry etc.). The results are based on empirical data from secondary sources
Morphometric Characterization of Small Cell Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Authors: Chisoi Anca , Aşchie Mariana , Poinăreanu I.
Published: May 2015

The morphometry in histopathology is used to characterize cell populations belonging to different tissues and to identify differences in their parameters with prognostic implications. To achieve morphometric examination were selected 6 of 24 cases identified as small cell lymphocytic lymphoma. For each case analysis was done on five fields, for each field measuring the parameters of 20 cells. The studied parameters were for cytoplasm: cytoplasmic area, maximum and minimum cytoplasmic diameter, cytoplasmic perimeter; for nucleus were measured: nuclear area, minimum and maximum nuclear diameter, nuclear perimeter, nuclear contour index, nuclear ellipticity index, nuclear irregularity index. Also the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was calculated in all studied cases. Small cell lymphocytic lymphoma is characterized in morphometric terms having a small cytoplasmic area (average 29.206) and also a small nuclear area (mean 28.939) having a nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio appearance suggestive for adult lymphocyte. A nuclear contour index small value (3.946), ellipticity index value also small (3.521) and small nuclear irregularity index (3.965). Standard deviations, in any of the studied morphometric categories, is around or below 1 suggesting monomorphic cell appearance. These morphometric and microscopic features characterized mainly by a small population of adult lymphocytes, monomorphic, with rounded hipercromic nuclei, dense chromatin, support the framing into indolent lymphoma group in terms of clinical outcome.
In vitro resistance to daptomycin of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus spp. strains
Authors: Stan Irina , Botnarciuc Mihaela , Tuţă Liliana , Gheorghe Emma
Published: May 2015

Daptomycin is the first antibiotic in a new class of cyclic lipopeptides, active in vitro against Gram - positive cocci. The mechanism of action is a rapid depolarization of the bacterial membrane potential, loss of cytoplasmic contents, mainly K+ ions and inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis, followed by the bacterial cell death. There were investigated 112 strains of Gram-positive cocci recommended for daptomycin susceptibility testing. Since the main clinical indications of daptomycin are the severe skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomicin-resistant enterococci and penicillinresistant Streptococcus spp, we tested daptomycin activity only in these species.

The susceptibility tests was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc-diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with Ca 50 mg / ml. (CAMH - Ca 2 + ) as recommended by CLSI.

During the period in which we conducted the study we isolated 112 strains of Gram-positive cocci, which we tested sensitivity to daptomycin. Resistance to Daptomycin of Staphylococcus aureus (4.11%) was lower than resistance to vancomycin (6.76%), but higher than the resistance to teicoplanin (2.71%) and linezolid (1.38%).

In our study we did not identify daptomycin resistant strains of Enterococcus spp. In severe infections that require more aggressive treatment using active antibiotics on MRSA, daptomycin is a valid therapeutic option, but a susceptibility test is required to ensure effective indication. There were no daptomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. strains
The musculocutaneous flap based on the tensor fasciae latae muscle – breast reconstruction – anatomical dissection on a cadaver
Authors: Cortan S. , Lascar I. , Valcu M. , Sebe Ioana Teona , Caraban B. , Iliescu D.
Published: May 2015

The cutaneous and subcutaneous defects resulting from surgical excisions are a problem and, at the same time, a challenge for surgeons. The breast is an expression of feminine beauty.

Materials and methods: Dissection on a fresh female cadaver, aged 57, in order to harvest the musculocutaneous flap based on the tensor fasciae latae muscle, from the lateral region of the thigh, using microsurgical loupes. For rendering the stages of the harvesting of the musculocutaneous flap based on the tensor fasciae latae muscle, a high-definition camera was used.

The result: the harvesting of the musculocutaneous flap based on the tensor fasciae latae muscle, and the closure of the donor area.

Conclusions: guidelines, advantages and disadvantages of using the musculocutaneous flap based on the tensor fasciae latae muscle
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Production Process Using Pareto Analysis
Authors: Polák Pavel , Prístavka Miroslav , Kollárová Katarína
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of using the Pareto method in evaluating the effectiveness of machine production processes. The paper deals with the production process of material cutting using progressive technology and subsequent evaluation of its effectiveness and quality. In the production process, we have used the method of material cutting by abrasive water jet. The Pareto analysis was used for eliminating the shortcomings in the quality of the final part.
The Tableau Vivant as a “Figure of Return” in Contemporary East European Cinema
Authors: Pethő Ágnes
Published: May 2015

The paper analyses the re-conceptualization of the intermedial trope of the tableau vivant in recent East European cinema through several examples from Hungarian and Russian films directed by György Pálfi, Kornél Mundruczó, Benedek Fliegauf, Béla Tarr, and Andrei Zvyagintsev. The tableau vivant in these films is not conceived primarily as an embodiment of a painting, the introduction of “the real into the image” (as Brigitte Peucker described), instead it appears more like the objectification of bodies as images, and something that we can associate with what Mario Perniola considers the “sex appeal of the inorganic” or “the Egyptian moment in art.” As such, the tableau becomes a powerful agent in generating metanarratives, offering a blueprint for a “big picture,” a comprehensive vision of the world (reinforced by recurring mythological themes like the genesis or the end of the world, the loss of Paradise, etc.). We may connect this feature of these tableaux vivants, therefore, to what Lyotard termed as the “figure of return,” and to the reconstructive tendencies of contemporary post-postmodern art.
Intermediality between Games and Fiction: The “Ludology vs. Narratology” Debate in Computer Game Studies: A Response to Gonzalo Frasca
Authors: Kokonis Michalis
Published: May 2015

In the last ten or fourteen years there has been a debate among the so called ludologists and narratologists in Computer Games Studies as to what is the best methodological approach for the academic study of electronic games. The aim of this paper is to propose a way out of the dilemma, suggesting that both ludology and narratology can be helpful methodologically. However, there is need for a wider theoretical perspective, that of semiotics, in which both approaches can be operative. The semiotic perspective proposed allows research in the field to focus on the similarities between games and traditional narrative forms (since they share narrativity to a greater or lesser extent) as well as on their difference (they have different degrees of interaction); it will facilitate communication among theorists if we want to understand each other when talking about games and stories, and it will lead to a better understanding of the hybrid nature of the medium of game. In this sense the present paper aims to complement Gonzalo Frasca’s reconciliatory attempt made a few years back and expand on his proposal.
Rethinking the Perceived Self: Samples from Facebook
Authors: Kasabova Anita
Published: May 2015

How the self perceives reality is a traditional topic of research across several disciplines. I examine the perceived self on Facebook, as a case-study of self-knowledge on „classical” social media. Following Blascovich & Bailenson (2011), I consider the distinction between the real and the virtual as relative. Perceptual self-knowledge, filtered through social media, requires rethinking the perceived self in terms of social reality (Neisser, 1993). This claim dovetails Jenkins’s (2013) notion of the self as an active participant in consumption. I argue that the perceived self in social media could be conceived in terms of how it would like to be perceived and appraised by its virtual audience. Using Neisser’s (1993) typology of self-knowledge and Castañeda’s (1983) theory of I-guises, I analyse seven samples from Anglo-American and Bulgarian Facebook sites and show that the perceived self produces itself online as a captivating presence with a credible story. My samples are taken from FB community pages with negligible cultural differences across an online teenage/twens (twixter) age group. I then discuss some problematic aspects of the perceived self online, as well as recent critiques of technoconsumerism.
The Census, Maps, and Museums, or a Way of ‘Translating’ Identity
Authors: Mihály Vilma-Irén
Published: May 2015

The Census, which aims at recording pieces of information about the members of the population of a country, the historical and geographical maps drawn at the orders of the government, as well as national museums, may be more than the mere sum of the collected data to be presented. Based upon Benedict Anderson’s theory, as shown in his book entitled Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (2006), in my paper I shall try to point at the subtle ways in which official governmental institutions have tried to use the Census, maps and museums in order to shape national identity and influence the image of a nation. Quite often what one can read about the results of the Census, what one can see on a map or encounter in a museum are not objective facts, but items placed there carefully, fulfilling specific purposes. On the one hand, they target the compatriots, on the other hand, the foreigners. Could we say that what we are dealing with here is not only an act of cultural mediation, but also a specific way of ‘translating’ identity? The next couple of pages shall try to analyze the topic and find an answer to the question above by giving examples.
Questions of Language and Culture in Erzsébet Juhász’s Border Novel
Authors: Romoda Renáta
Published: May 2015

The paper gives an account of the linguistic and cultural questions dealt with by Erzsébet Juhász in her novel Határregény [Border Novel]. It attempts to interpret the novel and to present the relations of its heroes to their environment. The narration covers the areas in which cultural and ethnic diversity, as well as linguistic colourfulness are present due to the coexistence of different nations. The novel’s central theme is spatial separation and separation evoked by political borders; the concept of border is introduced as early as in the novel’s title. The story of the Patarcsics is an inter-generational family story. Its members are characterized as people struggling with identity crisis and the uncertainty of national belonging. Wartime events, the behaviour and the way of thinking of families torn apart by border changes-with the mentality becoming the legacy of the next generation-are perfect reflections, illustrations of changes forced upon human lives pushed to the periphery. Not only identity and language loss, language replacement but introversion, seclusion and distantiation can also be observed at some characters. The work is exposing ruptures created by wars, and how these ruptures transform identity and cultural heritage, only to show us later how a new culture and mentality are created.
Intercultural Passages in Ottó Tolnai’s Textual Universe
Authors: Ispánovics Csapó Julianna
Published: May 2015

The literary palette of Tolnai’s textual universe within the Hungarian literature from Vojvodina is based, among others, upon the intertwining of various cultural entities. The social and cultural spaces of “Big Yugoslavia,” the phenomena, figures, and works of the European-oriented Yugoslav and ethnic culture (literature, painting, book publishing, theatre, sports, etc.), the mentalities of the migrant worker’s life, the legends of the Tito cult embed the narrative procedures of particular texts by Tolnai into a rich culture-historical context. Similarly to the model of Valery’s Mediterranean, the narrator’s Janus-faced Yugoslavia simultaneously generates concrete and utopian spaces, folding upon one another. Above the micro spaces (towns, houses, flats) evolving along the traces of reality, there float the Proustian concepts of scent and colour of the Adriatic sea (salt, azure, mimosa, lavender, laurel). The nostalgia towards the lost Eden rises high and waves about the “grand form” of Big Yugoslavia, the related space of which is the Monarchy. The counterpoints of the grand forms are “the small, void forms,” provinces, regions (Vojvodina, North Bačka) and the micro spaces coded into them. The text analyses of the paper examine the intercultural motions and identityforming culture-historical elements of the outlined space system.
L2 Romanian Influence in the Acquisition of the English Passive by L1 Speakers of Hungarian
Authors: Tankó Enikő
Published: May 2015

The main question to be investigated is to what extent native speakers of Hungarian understand and acquire the English passive voice, as there is no generalized syntactic passive construction in Hungarian. As we will show, native speakers of Hungarian tend to use the predicative verbal adverbial construction when translating English passive sentences, as this construction is the closest syntactic equivalent of the English passive voice. Another question to be investigated is whether L2 Romanian works as a facilitating factor in the process of acquiring the L3 English passive voice. If all our subjects, Hungarian students living in Romania, were Hungarian-Romanian bilinguals, it would be obvious that knowledge of Romanian helps them in acquiring the English passive. However, as it will be shown, the bilingualism hypothesis is disconfirmed. Still, passive knowledge of Romanian influences to some extent the acquisition of the English passive voice.
Tying to Foreclose in Two-Sided Markets
Authors: Shim Sunghee , Kwak Juwon
Published: May 2015

This paper analyzes the effect of tied-in sales by an essential goods monopolist in a two-sided market. In a two-sided market, the essential goods monopolist may tie a good essential for users, such as an operating system, with a platform, such as a media player, in the user side of the market, to extract profits not from the user side, but from the developer side of the market. From this simple idea, we build a simple two-sided market model and show how the essential goods monopolist may tie a platform with the essential goods on the user side of the market to foreclose a rival firm from the developer side of the market. We also analyze various welfare impacts of tying and discuss the antitrust implications.
Renewable chitin from marine sponge as a thermostable biological template for hydrothermal synthesis of hematite nanospheres using principles of extreme biomimetics
Authors: Wysokowski Marcin , Petrenko Iaroslav , Motylenko Mykhailo , Langer Enrico , Bazhenov Vasilii V. , Galli Roberta , Stelling Allison L. , Kljajić Zoran , Szatkowski Tomasz , Kutsova Valentine Z. , Stawski Dawid , Jesionowski Teofil
Published: May 2015

Chitin originating from marine sponges possesses a unique nanofibrillar network structure that is the basic element of the microtubular scaffold-like skeleton of these organisms. Sponge chitin represents an intriguing example of thermostability, as it is stable up to 400 °C. It also constitutes a renewable biological source due to the high regeneration ability of Aplysina sponges under marine farming conditions. These properties can be exploited for the facile and environmentally friendly creation of novel, biocompatible organic-inorganic hybrid materials with a range of uses. Here, chitin-based scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine demosponge Aplysina aerophoba were used as a template for the in vitro formation of iron oxide from a saturated iron(III) chloride solution, under hydrothermal conditions (pH~1.5, 90 °C). The resultant chitin-Fe2O3 three dimensional composites, prepared for the first time via hydrothermal synthesis route, were thoroughly characterized using light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy; as well as with analytical methods like Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction and HR-TEM. The results show that this versatile method allows for efficient chitin mineralization with respect to hematite. Additionally, we demonstrate that chitin nanofibers template the nucleation of uniform Fe2O3 nanocrystals.
Possibilities of using soil microarthropods, with emphasis on mites (Arachnida, Acari, Mesostigmata), in assessment of successional stages in a reclaimed coal mine dump (Pszów, S Poland)
Authors: MADEJ GRAŻYNA , KOZUB MONIKA
Published: May 2015

The usefulness of 2 methods for biomonitoring of the effects of land rehabilitation were compared in Pszów (Upper Silesian Coal Basin, south of Poland). Thirty-one species of mesostigmatid mites were collected from 3 study plots representing different stages of restoration of the mine dump Wrzosy in Pszów and community structure of the mites was analysed. There was a general trend for mesostigmatid species richness, diversity, and density to increase with the development of vegetation. The dominant early successional mesostigmatid species was the phoretic Hypoapis claviger. During this study, 4616 specimens of soil microarthropods were extracted in total. They were classified according to the Biological Soil Quality Index (QBS). We tested the sensitivity and usefulness of this index for monitoring of soil quality and found its good relationship with successional stages in the reclaimed mine dump. Thus the QBS index seems to be an efficient index for monitoring the effects of restoration in mine dumps. It is a simpler, quicker, and cheaper bioindicator method than the earlier method based on community structure analysis of mesostigmatid mites.
The Bank and Credit Union Disasters in Lithuania: Where Were the Lawyers?
Authors: Kiršienė Julija
Published: May 2015

Since Lithuania’s independence in 1991, sixteen banks in the country have gone bankrupt. From 2011 to 2013 two banks-the fifth and sixth largest banks in the country- went bankrupt and three credit unions collapsed. One more credit union collapsed in 2014. One of the questions not yet posed in the context of this crisis of financial institutions in Lithuania is the question: “Where were the lawyers?” This article focuses on a comparative analysis of the regulation and practice of the legal profession in considering whether and how outside and inside bank and corporate lawyers can be effective gatekeepers, foreseeing, preventing, and mitigating such collapses. This comparative research concludes with propositions for changing legal profession regulations as well as lawyers’ and corporate officers’ education.
The Rise of Anti-Roma Positions in Slovakia and Hungary: a New Social and Political Dimension of Nationalism
Authors: Mihálik Jaroslav
Published: May 2015

This article discusses the continuous substitution of traditional mutual conflicts and historical grievances between Slovakia and Hungary that has created fertile ground for nationalists on both sides. Currently, we witness the rise of anti-Roma positions and negativism oriented toward this particular group of the population in Slovakia and Hungary. For this reason, we track the sources of new nationalism associated with the hatred of the Roma population. This can be demonstrated by a variety of political incentives and measuring extremism as a tool of acquiring and maintaining political power. The aim of the article is to investigate the extent and reasons of the new social and political dimensions of Slovak and Hungarian nationalism. We assume that the traditional form of bilateral nationalism based on historical, political and social tensions between Slovakia and Hungary is being transformed by the ethnic nationalism against the Roma minority in Central Europe. To support our argumentation, we use the qualitative data from in-depth interviews with young respondents from two contrasting research field sites in Slovakia from EC research project MYPLACE (Memory, Youth, Political Legacy and Civic Engagement).
Has the Action for Failure to Act in the European Union Lost its Purpose?
Authors: Daukšienė Inga , Budnikas Arvydas
Published: May 2015

This article analyzes the purpose of the action for failure to act under article 265 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The statements are derived from the analysis of scientific literature, relevant legislation, practice of the European Union Court of Justice (CJEU) and the European Union General Court (EUGC). Useful information has also been obtained from the opinions of general advocates of the CJEU. The article of TFEU 265, which governs the action for failure to act, is very abstract. For this reason, a whole procedure under the article 265 TFEU was developed by the EU courts. The original purpose of the action for failure to act was to constitute whether European Union (EU) institution properly fulfilled its obligations under the EU legislation. However, in the course of case-law, a mere EU institution’s express refusal to fulfill its duties became sufficient to constitute that the EU institution acted and therefore action for failure to act became devoid of purpose. This article analyzes whether the action for failure to act has lost its purpose and become an ineffective legal remedy in the system of judicial review in the EU. Additionally, the action for failure to act is compared to similar national actions.
Analysis of Regulation of Residential Suburbanisation in Hinterland of Post-socialist ‘One Hundred Thousands’ City of České Budějovice
Authors: Kubeš Jan
Published: May 2015

Residential suburbanisation is currently the most important urbanisation process transforming metropolitan areas in European post-socialist countries, especially in Central Europe and at Baltic states. The paper compares the statements of the mayors of the suburban municipalities situated in the hinterland of the city of České Budějovice (a one-hundred-thousand city in the South-West of the Czech Republic) and also the local building officials, spatial planning ofcials and experts regarding the recent, currently on-going and upcoming construction of houses in the suburbs and the regulation of these constructions. Further, it discusses the possibilities of influencing the construction of the houses through the spatial plans of municipalities, settlement zones, and metropolitan areas. The interviewed mayors consider, rather uncritically, the recent large construction of houses in their suburbs in general as appropriate. One third of the mayors, however, do not want any further suburban development of this kind. Spatial planning officials and building officials do not have sufficiently powerful tools to influence the extent of the construction and the designs of houses in the individual suburban municipalities and their suburbs. Some of them, together with the experts, support the reintroduction of the metropolitan area spatial plan.
Verification of Counterurbanisation Processes: Example of the České Budějovice Region
Authors: Popjaková Dagmar , Blažek Martin
Published: May 2015

Counterurbanisation as a deconcentrating process of settlement systems is connected with population migration from cities to their geographically distant hinterland located beyond the external border of suburbs, i.e. beyond the metropolitan zones. Many authors consider it a low-intensity process empirically hard to identify. Still, in the South Bohemian region of České Budějovice (RCB) counter-urbanisation was confirmed, although it is not a dominant but rather a highly variable process with some effect on the character of settlements. It seems that after a long period of population and socio-economic decline a new rise started in several municipalities of the RCB rural area. The smallest rural settlements (less than 200 residents) boast now the top population growth rate along with the top net migration rate. In general, the volume of immigration flows to the rural area from the centre and suburbs of České Budějovice is higher in absolute figures than the volume of emigration flows from the rural area. The detailed anonymised database of migrants of the Czech Statistical Office makes it possible to analyse the migration volume and direction by municipalities.
Aegilops uniaristata Vis. (Poaceae): typification and occurrence in Croatia
Authors: Bogdanović Sandro , Ljubičić Ivica , Clementi Moreno
Published: May 2015

After 88 years, occurrence of Aegilops uniaristata Vis. (Poaceae) in Croatian flora was confirmed and its distribution is supplemented by new localities. It has been confirmed and its distribution supplemented by new localities. Populations of a few specimens were found in southern Istria, in the vicinity of the small town of Bale, in the village of Krnica and on the Rt Kamenjak promontory, growing within dry Mediterranean grasslands. Based on herbarium revision a lectotype from Visiani’s collection in herbarium PAD and an epitype from the herbarium W were designated.
Physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to water deficit stress: status of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities
Authors: Chakraborty Koushik , Singh Amrit L. , Kalariya Kuldeep A. , Goswami Nisha , Zala Pratap V.
Published: May 2015

From a field experiment, the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in six Spanish peanut cultivars subjected to 25−30 days of water deficit stress at two different stages: pegging and pod development stages. Imposition of water deficit stress significantly reduced relative water content, membrane stability and total carotenoid content in all the cultivars, whereas total chlorophyll content increased at pegging stage but decreased at pod developmental stage. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased under water deficit stress in most of the cultivars suggesting a greater damage to chlorophyll b rather than an increase in chlorophyll a content. Oxidative stress measured in terms of H2O2, superoxide radical content and lipid peroxidation increased under water deficit stress, especially in susceptible cultivars such as DRG 1, AK 159 and ICGV 86031. Relationship among different physiological parameters showed that the level of oxidative stress, in terms of production of reactive oxygen species, was negatively correlated with activities of different antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In conclusion, the study shows that water deficit stress at pod development stage proved to be more detrimental than at pegging stage. The higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in the tolerant cultivars like ICGS 44 and TAG 24 were responsible for protection of oxidative damage and thus provide better tolerance to water deficit stress.
Monitoring of water distribution system effectiveness using fractal geometry
Authors: Kowalski D. , Kowalska B. , Kwietniewski M.
Published: May 2015

The paper discusses issues related to monitoring quality and pressure of water transmitted using water supply networks. Special attention was paid to methods of determining location of measuring points, which to a large extent influence effectiveness of the monitoring system. The purpose of the paper is to present authors’ own method of determining location of points of measuring quality and pressure of transmitted water. The basis for considerations was a real water supply network in a city of about 10.000 residents. The presented method is based on existence of self-similarity properties of the set of fractals formed by the geometrical structure of the water supply network. It is a rank-ordered method involving 3 basic stages - reduction of the number of potential measuring points, providing more details of a target location and checking usefulness of selected points for monitoring purposes. At the preparatory stage, existence of fractal properties of the examined network structure is required to be demonstrated as well as the construction of its numerical model. The ranking is based on two indicators referring by analogy to human circulatory system monitoring and elements of the risk theory. This theory was also used to evaluate usefulness of selected measuring points for monitoring purposes.
On the existence of a common solution to the Lyapunov equations
Authors: Białas S. , Góra M.
Published: May 2015

In this paper, a system of Lyapunov equations

A*i P + PAi = −Qi (i = 1, . . . ,m), (A)

is considered in which Ai are given n × n complex matrices, Qi are unknown n × n Hermitian positive definite matrices and P, if any, is a common solution to the Lyapunov equations (A). Both sufficient and necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of such a matrix P. Examples are presented to illustrate the results.
Optimization of two-component armour
Authors: Kędzierski P. , Morka A. , Sławiński G. , Niezgoda T.
Published: May 2015

The paper presents research on optimization of two-layer armour subjected to the normal impact of the 7.62x54 B32 armour piercing (AP) projectile. There were analysed two cases in which alumina Al2O3 was supported by aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 or armour steel Armox 500T. The thicknesses of layers were determined to minimize the panel areal density whilst satisfying the constraint, which was the maximum projectile velocity after panel perforation. The problem was solved through the utilization of LS-DYNA, LS-OPT and HyperMorph engineering software. The axisymmetric model was applied to the calculation in order to provide sufficient discretization. The response of the aluminium alloy, armour steel and projectile material was described with the Johnson-Cook model, while the one of the alumina with the Johnson-Holmquist model. The study resulted in the development of a panel optimization methodology, which allows the layer thicknesses of the panel with minimum areal density to be determined. The optimization process demonstrated that the areal density of the lightest panel is 71.07 and 71.82 kg/m2 for Al2O3-Armox 500T and Al2O3-AA2024-T3, respectively. The results of optimization process were confirmed during the experimental investigation.
Rayleigh-Bénard convection in an elastico-viscous Walters’ (model B’) nanofluid layer
Authors: Rana G.C. , Chand R.
Published: May 2015

In this study, the onset of convection in an elastico-viscous Walters’ (model B’) nanofluid horizontal layer heated from below is considered. The Walters’ (model B’) fluid model is employed to describe the rheological behavior of the nanofluid. By applying the linear stability theory and a normal mode analysis method, the dispersion relation has been derived. For the case of stationary convection, it is observed that the Walters’ (model B’) elastico-viscous nanofluid behaves like an ordinary Newtonian nanofluid. The effects of the various physical parameters of the system, namely, the concentration Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, capacity ratio, Lewis number and kinematics visco-elasticity coefficient on the stability of the system has been numerically investigated. In addition, sufficient conditions for the non-existence of oscillatory convection are also derived.
Simple diagnostic technique of a single IGBT open-circuit faults for a SVM-VSI vector controlled induction motor drive
Authors: Orlowska-Kowalska T. , Sobanski P.
Published: May 2015

In this paper a simple diagnostic system for a single IGBT open-circuit faults for a two level voltage inverter-fed field oriented controlled induction motor drive was presented. A fault diagnostic procedure is carried out by utilizing an analysis of a stator current vector trajectory in α-β coordinates. An extraction of the failure information is based on monitoring of an angle between the stator current space vector and the axis. Thanks to a diagnostic signal normalization, high robustness to false diagnosis alarms is guaranteed. To confirm the proposed method, simulation results under a wide range working condition of the induction motor drive were presented.
Numerical simulation of dust explosion in the spherical 20l vessel
Authors: Salamonowicz Z. , Kotowski M. , Półka M. , Barnat W.
Published: May 2015

The paper presents experimental and numerical validation of the combustion process of coal and flour dust dispersed in a spherical chamber of 20 cubic decimetres volume. The aim of the study is to validate the numerical simulation results in relation to the experimental data obtained on the test stand. To perform the numerical simulations, a Computational Fluid Dynamics code FLUENT was used. Geometry of the computational domain was built in compliance with EN 14460. Numerical simulations were divided into two main steps. The first one consists in a dust dispersion process, where influence of standardized geometry was verified. The second part of numerical simulations investigated dust explosion characteristics in compliance with EN 14034. After several model modifications, outcomes of the numerical analysis shows positive agreement with both, the explosion characteristics for different dust concentration levels and the maximum pressure increase obtained on the test stand.
On Finding All Reducts of Consistent Decision Tables
Authors: Janos Demetrovics , Duc Thi Vu , Long Giang Nguyen
Published: May 2015

The problem of finding reducts plays an important role in processing information on decision tables. The objective of the attribute reduction problem is to reject a redundant attribute in order to find a core attribute for data processing. The attribute reduction in decision tables is the process of finding a minimal subset of conditional attributes which preserve the classification ability of decision tables. In this paper we present the time complexity of the problem of finding all reducts of a consistent decision table. We prove that this time complexity is exponential with respect to the number of attributes of the decision tables. Our proof is performed in two steps. The first step is to show that there exists an exponential algorithm which finds all reducts. The other step is to prove that the time complexity of the problem of finding all reducts of a decision table is not less than exponential.
Dynamic Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Model Based on Generalized Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Lin Wei , Yan Guangle , Shi Yuwen
Published: May 2015

In this paper we investigate the dynamic multi-attribute group decision making problems, in which all the attribute values are provided by multiple decision makers at different periods. In order to increase the level of overall satisfaction for the final decision and deal with uncertainty, the attribute values are enhanced with generalized interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to cope with the vagueness and indeterminacy. We first define the Dynamic Generalized Interval-valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers Weighted Geometric Aggregation (DGITFNWGA) operator and give an approach to determine the weights of periods, using the probability density function of Gamma distribution, and then a dynamic multi-attribute group decision making method is developed. The method proposed employs the Generalized Interval-valued Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers Hybrid Geometric Aggregation (GITFNHGA) operator to aggregate all individual decision information into the collective attribute values corresponding to each alternative at the same time period, and then utilizes the DGITFNWGA operator to aggregate the collective attribute values at different periods into the overall attribute values corresponding to each alternative and obtains the alternatives ranking, by which the optimal alternative can be determined. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the approach developed.
A Component Retrieval Tree Matching Algorithm Based on a Faceted Classification Scheme
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Bo , Liu Minghan
Published: May 2015

An efficient scheme of component retrieval can significantly reduce the cost of software reuse. For this purpose, a method of successfully retrieving of specified components from the component repository is a crucial consideration. However, neither the retrieval efficiency, nor the query-matching rate of the traditional method, which is based on a faceted classification scheme, satisfies the requirements of component retrieval. In this paper a novel component retrieval method combining the features of the faceted classification scheme and the theory of tree matching is proposed. This method not only accurately retrieves components that match queries, but also considers any incomplete descriptions of the retrieval component to completely ensure the relaxation ability of the component retrieval. The experimental results show that the retrieval matching method proposed is highly efficient, and it retrieves feasibly and efficiently the components.
Total folate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the cerebrospinal fluid of children: correlation and reference values
Authors: Akiyama Tomoyuki , Tada Hiroko , Shiokawa Tsugumi , Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Yoshinaga Harumi
Published: May 2015

Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) may be underdiagnosed, as it manifests with various non-specific neurological symptoms. The diagnosis of CFD requires a determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is available in a limited number of specialized laboratories. In clinical biochemistry laboratories, total folate (TF) determination in serum or plasma is routinely performed by automated analyzers. The aim of this study is to determine whether the automated assay of CSF TF is a helpful screening tool for CFD.

We analyzed CSF samples collected from 73 pediatric patients. We measured CSF TF, serum TF, and CSF 5MTHF in 73, 70, and 48 patients, respectively. The assay of 5MTHF was conducted by a newly developed system utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We investigated the correlation between TF and 5MTHF in the CSF.

There was a strong positive correlation between CSF TF and 5MTHF (ρ=0.930, p<0.0001, n=48). Age was negatively correlated with CSF TF (ρ=−0.557, p<0.0001, n=51), serum TF (ρ=−0.457, p=0.0008, n=51), and CSF 5MTHF (ρ=−0.387, p=0.0263, n=33), but not with the CSF/serum TF ratio.

The automated assay of CSF TF is helpful to estimate CSF 5MTHF. The CSF TF assay may have a significant impact on the early diagnosis of CFD, because clinicians have better access to it than the 5MTHF assay.
The Chemical Theatre - Education, Entertainment / Teatr Chemiczny - Edukacja, Rozrywka
Authors: Szydło Zbigniew A.
Published: May 2015

Seven simple demonstration experiments are described in this article, which can be used by teachers of chemistry for a wide variety of audiences. In addition to detailed instructions for each experiment, important background information is given, thus enabling the demonstrations to become part of a profound learning experience, which is the primary aim of the chemical theatre.