bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underlying immune-related adverse events during checkpoint immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Chen Xiang , Han Leng , Liu Hong
Published: June 2022

Immune checkpoint (IC) proteins are some of the most important factors that tumor cells hijack to escape immune surveillance, and inhibiting ICs to enhance or relieve antitumor immunity has been proven efficient in tumor treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents such as antibodies blocking programmed death (PD) 1, PD-1 ligand (PD-L) 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat several types of cancers. Although ICB agents have shown outstanding clinical success, and their application has continued to expand to additional tumor types in the past decade, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been observed in a wide range of patients who receive ICB treatment. Numerous studies have focused on the clinical manifestations and pathology of ICB-related irAEs, but the detailed mechanisms underlying irAEs remain largely unknown. Owing to the wide expression of IC molecules on distinct immune cell subpopulations and the fact that ICB agents generally affect IC-expressing cells, the influences of ICB agents on immune cells in irAEs need to be determined. Here, we discuss the expression and functions of IC proteins on distinct immune cells and the potential mechanism(s) related to ICB-targeted immune cell subsets in irAEs.
Angiotensin Receptors - Affinity and Beyond
Authors: Sumners Colin , Souza Silva Igor Maciel , Steckelings U. Muscha
Published: June 2022

This commentary on the article “Relative affinity of angiotensin peptides and novel ligands at AT1 and AT2 receptors” by Sanja Bosnyak et al. (Clini. Sci. (Lond.) (2011) 121(7): 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110036) summarises the main findings of the study, followed by a discussion of the findings and their relevance for various aspects of the biology of receptors of the renin-angiotensin system in the context of the current state of knowledge.
Technical Analysis and Comparative Study of three Wind Turbines for a 50MW wind farm in Laayoune City Morocco
Authors: Mrabet Najoua , Benzazah Chirine , El Akkary Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Wind energy is in the spotlight, it is nowadays the fastest growing source of energy in the world. The objective of this work is to examine wind power potential of Laayoune site using wind speed, wind direction, and other meteorological data collected during one year. This type of complete examination provides information of wind characteristics of potential sites and helps in choosing appropriate wind turbine. In the first part, we have been present a comparison of three methods for estimating parameters of Weibull distribution function wind speed data namely Standard Deviation , Least Squares and Mabchour’s. The comparison has been done using Excel sheet and ALWIN software. In second part, we have been compare three various wind turbines: WES 18-100KW, XANT M-21 100KW and Northem Power NPS 21- 100K for the production of a 50MW electric power from wind energy farm installed in Laayoune city. The criteria of turbine choice is based on the price per kilowatt hour and the higher annual production. The simulation results using HOMER and ALWIN software showed that the wind turbine: XANT M-21 100KW has the higher annual production with low cost of installation.
A Framework for implementing an ML or DL model to improve Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in the NTMA context, with an example on the dataset (CSE-CIC-IDS2018)
Authors: Azeroual Hakim , Belghiti Imane Daha , Berbiche Naoual
Published: June 2022

The objective of this work is to present a framework to be followed to model, test, validate and implement a DL model for anomaly, abuse, malware or botnet detection, with the aim of implementing or improving an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) within the NTMA framework, by means of new machine learning and deep learning techniques, which addresses reliability and processing speed considerations.

The said process will be used to perform studies on ML and DL models used for cybersecurity in isolation and in combination to extract conclusions, which can help in the improvement of intrusion detection systems using massive data collection techniques used in Big-Data.

The example discussed in this work implemented part of our framework by applying the CNN algorithm on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. The results are encouraging for the use of ML in IDS, with an efficiency that exceeds 92% after 30 iterations. Thus, this model remains to be improved and tested on real networks.
Design and Simulation of a Median Filter for a CubeSat Image Processing Application Using an FPGA Architecture
Authors: Chanoui Mohammed Alae , Bouganssa Issam , Sbihi Mohammed , Alaoui Ismaili Zine Elabidine , Salbi Adil
Published: June 2022

CubeSats are small satellites that can perform space missions with the advantage of low cost and short development time. Earth observation is a well-known satellite use case that has found its place in the CubeSat community. To improve the quality and the number of images that can be received from the satellite, image processing techniques can be performed. Satellite images can be disturbed, and the median filter is a pre-processing technique usually used to remove impulse noise. The aim is to develop an architecture for CubeSat onboard image processing, starting with the design of a median filter. This paper presents the design and the simulation process of a 3x3 median filter based on the Spartan 6 FPGA architecture using software components. Simulation results are generated using a test bench algorithm and a visual comparison of both the input and output images is performed.
Behavior of the Genetic Markers at Screening during the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Euploid Fetuses
Authors: Romero Infante Ximena Carolina , Uriel Montserrat , Gutiérrez Alejandra , Hernández María Fernanda , Hernández Andres Felipe , Jiménez Laura Catalina , Malagón-Rojas Jeadran Nevardo , Rincón Franco Sara
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aims to describe the behavior of chromosomopathy screenings in euploid fetuses.

Methods This is a prospective descriptive study with 566 patients at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. The associations between ultrasound scans and serological variables were studied. For the quantitative variables we used the Spearman test; for the qualitative with quantitative variables the of Mann-Whitney U-test; and for qualitative variables, the X2 test was applied. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results We have found that gestational age has correlation with ductus venosus, nuchal translucency, free fraction of β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and placental growth factor; there is also a correlation between history of miscarriages and nasal bone. Furthermore, we correlated body mass index with nuchal translucency, free fraction of β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Maternal age was associated with free fraction of β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A.

Conclusion Our study demonstrates for the first time the behavior of the biochemical and ultrasonographic markers of chromosomopathy screenings during the first trimester in euploid fetuses in Colombia. Our information is consistent with international reference values. Moreover, we have shown the correlation of different variables with maternal characteristics to determine the variables that could help with development of a screening process during the first trimester with high detection rates.
Sociodemographic Factors Influencing Health Care–Seeking Behavior for Pediatric Epilepsy in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Wilson C. , Umeadi Esther N. , Echendu Sylvia T. , Odita Amalachukwu O.
Published: June 2022

Background Early presentation and initiation of appropriate anticonvulsants help in controlling epilepsy and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the health-seeking behavior for pediatric epilepsy among caregivers in Southeast Nigeria and the associated sociodemographic factors.

Methodology This study was a cross-sectional descriptive and questionnaire-based study. The participants were recruited consecutively.

Results Majority of the caregivers were mothers, had some formal education, and were employed. While 50% of these caregivers did not seek any home treatment for seizures, the other half offered various types of unorthodox home treatments. Treatments in primary and secondary levels of care were the most common form of first point of care outside the home. The most common reasons for the choice of care outside the home were advice from relations and belief in the efficacy of care offered. About 45% of the caregivers presented to tertiary level of care within 6 months of seizure onset. The major motivators for seeking care in tertiary level of care were health workers and families of children with epilepsy.

Conclusion There is a need to strengthen the primary and secondary levels of care through continuous medical education of health workers in these levels of care for effective management of epilepsy. This will help in making prompt and correct diagnosis, classification, and initiation of appropriate therapy in epilepsy.
Ensaios mecânicos monoaxiais nos ligamentos do joelho porcino
Authors: Rodarte Rodrigo Ribeiro Pinho , Guimarães João Antônio Matheus , Duarte Brenno Tavares , Kenedi Paulo Pedro , Pinho William Ribeiro
Published: June 2022

A falha da reconstrução ligamentar tem diferentes fatores de risco, dentre os quais podemos destacar o período antes da sua incorporação, o qual configura um período mecânico vulnerável. A perda de resistência ao longo do tempo é uma característica dos tecidos vivos. A dissecção com as inserções ósseas dos ligamentos cruzados de modelos animais não é descrita; todavia, para os ensaios monoaxiais, é fundamental extrair as informações de ensaios como os de relaxação. O presente trabalho realiza a descrição da dissecção utilizada para a geração de corpo de prova para a realização de ensaios não destrutivos para avaliar o comportamento mecânico. Realizamos dissecção de quatro ligamentos de joelho porcino, propondo uma técnica de dissecção para os ligamentos cruzados com as inserções ósseas para comparação com os colaterais. Os ligamentos foram submetidos a testes de relaxação e foram colocadas strain gauges durante os testes. Os resultados mostraram comportamento viscoelástico, validado pelas strain gauges e com uma perda ao longo do tempo, sendo que, em alguns ligamentos, as perdas chegaram a até 20%, fator este a ser considerado em trabalhos futuros. O presente trabalho dissecou os quatro principais ligamentos do joelho, demonstrando a abordagem posterior que permite manter as suas inserções ósseas e descrevendo a fixação para os ensaios uniaxiais monotônicos, além de ter conseguido extrair o comportamento viscoelástico dos quatro ligamentos do joelho dentro dos limites fisiológicos do joelho.
Heterogeneity in cyber loss severity and its impact on cyber risk measurement
Authors: Eling Martin , Jung Kwangmin
Published: June 2022

We use the world’s largest publicly available dataset of operational risk to model cyber losses and show that the Tweedie model best fits the cyber loss severity in the financial industry. Three key determinants of loss severity are firm size, contagion risk and legal liability. We also measure the size of risk based on the estimation results and show a large degree of heterogeneity across financial firms. The results are particularly relevant with respect to the recent discussion on simplifying operational risk capital requirements and reiterate the importance of considering individual firm characteristics when modelling operational losses.
Crossbreeding with a tropically adapted
Authors: Schatz T. , Hearnden M. , Wheeler J.
Published: June 2022

Context Cattle producers with Brahman herds considering crossbreeding with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed would like to know how the females retained for breeding are likely to perform. Currently, there is little relevant information available on their performance in the harsher regions of northern Australia. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the performance of F1 Senepol × Brahman (F1 Senepol) females in a harsh north Australian environment by comparing them with Brahmans. Methods The performance of four year groups of Brahman (total n = 499) and F1 Senepol (total n = 317) heifers was compared in the Katherine region (NT, Australia) using measures for growth, reproduction and survival. Heifers were first mated as 2-year-olds and the study concluded when the oldest year group was 9.5 years old. Cattle were mustered twice a year for data collection and weaning of calves. Key results F1 Senepol females were heavier (P < 0.001) than Brahmans at weaning (+25 kg) and at each subsequent muster. Mature F1 Senepol cows were on average 50 kg heavier (P < 0.001), 2 cm taller (P < 0.001) and had 2.4 mm lower P8 fat depth (P < 0.001). The mean pregnancy rate was higher in F1 Senepol maiden heifers (F1 Senepol 89.4%, Brahman 70.0%, P < 0.001), calf loss was higher for Brahman heifers calving for the first time (Brahman 14.4%, F1 Senepol 6.0%, P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in these measures between breeds at any other ages. The average annual weaning rates for the breeds were similar (F1 Senepol 59%, Brahman 57%), as was the mean annual female liveweight production (change in female liveweight plus weight of calf weaned). Average weaner weights were significantly heavier from F1 Senepol for first lactation heifers and 5.5-year-old cows (by 6 and 10 kg, respectively, P < 0.05), but only slightly heavier in all other years. There were no significant differences in cumulative mortality rates, for year groups or overall, between breeds. Conclusions This study found that F1 Senepol heifers outperformed Brahman heifers, and that mature cow performance of the breeds was similar. Implications These findings should reassure north Australian cattle producers who are considering crossbreeding Brahmans with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed that the performance of crossbred breeder herds will be similar to that of Brahmans.
Interactions among climate, topography, soil structure and rangeland aboveground net primary production
Authors: Mohammadi Moghaddam Samaneh , Gordon Lamb Eric , Ghorbani Ardavan , Arzani Hossein , Azizi Mobaser Javanshir , Mostafazadeh Raoof
Published: June 2022

Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) of rangeland ecosystems is driven by interactions among multiple environmental factors. This study aimed to model the combined effects of precipitation, elevation, and soil conditions on ANPP variation along an elevation gradient. Ground surveys and vegetation sampling were conducted in 2016 through 26 sampling sites along two elevation profiles in the rangelands of Moghan-Sabalan, Ardabil Province, Iran. At each sampling site, the ANPP of each plant functional type (PFT; grasses, forbs, and shrubs) was measured, and soil samples were taken from 0–15 to 15–30 cm depth. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the factors affecting both total and PFT ANPP. Soil variables were the best predictors of grass (R2 = 0.51), forb (R2 = 0.61), shrub (R2 = 0.71), and total (R2 = 0.76) ANPP. The SEM interpretation suggested that precipitation is the most important direct driver of ANPP with R2 values of 0.20 (Total), 0.30 (Shrubs), 0.26 (Grasses), and 0.10 (Forbs). Whereas soil factors were good predictors in the regression models, the SEM models demonstrated that soil factors were generally unimportant compared with climate, likely owing to the close links between soil-forming factors and climate. The results make it possible to estimate annual ANPP combined with climate forecasts and leads to more accurate estimates of future grazing capacity by policy makers and stakeholders.
DNA methylation signatures in airway cells from adult children of asthmatic mothers reflect subtypes of severe asthma
Authors: Magnaye Kevin M. , Clay Selene M. , Nicodemus-Johnson Jessie , Naughton Katherine A. , Huffman Janel , Altman Matthew C. , Jackson Daniel J. , Gern James E. , Hogarth Douglas K. , Naureckas Edward T. , White Steven R. , Ober Carole
Published: June 2022

Significance

Maternal asthma is one of the most replicated risk factors for childhood-onset asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We identified DNA methylation signatures in bronchial epithelial cells from adults with asthma that were specific to those with a mother with asthma. These maternal asthma-associated methylation signatures were correlated with distinct gene regulatory pathways and clinical features. Genes in 16 pathways discriminated cases with and without maternal asthma and suggested impaired T cell signaling and responses to viral and bacterial pathogens in asthmatic children of an asthmatic mother. Our findings suggest that the prenatal environment in pregnancies of mothers with asthma alters epigenetically mediated developmental programs that may lead to severe asthma in their children through diverse gene regulatory pathways.
Rhabdomyosarcomas are oncogene addicted to the activation of AVIL
Authors: Xie Zhongqiu , Janczyk Pawel L. , Shi Xinrui , Wang Qiong , Singh Sandeep , Cornelison Robert , Xu Jingjing , Mandell James W. , Barr Frederic G. , Li Hui
Published: June 2022

Significance

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common pediatric soft-tissue cancer. There are two main subtypes driven by distinct mechanisms. Currently, there is no targeted therapy for the disease. We found an oncogene AVIL, whose activity is often abnormally up-regulated in RMS. Silencing the gene kills RMS cells and prevents tumor formation in animals; yet, normal control cells are indifferent to the interference. Mechanistically, AVIL activation turns on both oncogene pathways in RMS. These findings support that AVIL may be a good therapeutic target and that targeting AVIL may be a viable approach for both types of RMS.
Rituximab abrogates aquaporin-4–specific germinal center activity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Damato Valentina , Theorell Jakob , Al-Diwani Adam , Kienzler Anne-Kathrin , Makuch Mateusz , Sun Bo , Handel Adam , Akdeniz Deniz , Berretta Antonio , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Fower Andrew , Whittam Daniel , Gibbons Emily , McGlashan Nicholas , Green Edward , Huda Saif , Woodhall Mark , Palace Jacqueline , Sheerin Fintan , Waters Patrick , Leite Maria I. , Jacob Anu , Irani Sarosh R.
Published: June 2022

Significance

By studying paired blood and deep cervical lymph node samples from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, our data provide evidence for a germinal center–based generation of aquaporin-4 antibodies. Frequent serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin Ms (IgMs) and shifts in IgG subclasses were observed alongside preferential synthesis of aquaporin-4 IgGs and aquaporin-4–reactive B cells within lymph nodes. Both intranodal synthesis of aquaporin-4 antibodies and intranodal aquaporin-4–reactive B cells were robustly eliminated with rituximab administration. This study systematically explores lymph nodes that drain the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with CNS autoimmunity and offers a potential explanation as to why rituximab is clinically highly efficacious in autoantibody-mediated diseases despite no accompanying reduction in serum autoantibody levels.
Vaccination of household chickens results in a shift in young children’s diet and improves child growth in rural Kenya
Authors: Otiang Elkanah , Yoder Jonathan , Manian Shanthi , Campbell Zoë A. , Thumbi Samuel M. , Njagi Lucy W. , Nyaga Philip N. , Palmer Guy H.
Published: June 2022

Significance

This randomized, controlled trial demonstrates that by relieving a constraint on household nutritional assets, here through reducing chicken mortality through vaccination, households make dietary choices for young children that increase consumption of protein- and micronutrient-rich foods and decrease relative consumption of high-carbohydrate, low-protein grains. The study provides causal evidence that this shift in diet results in improved height for age, a key measure of childhood stunting. Given the high prevalence of childhood growth failure in rural Africa, these results highlight the potential to increase the utility of a common household animal asset to reduce the burden of childhood stunting in these communities.
Explosive seed dispersal depends on SPL7 to ensure sufficient copper for localized lignin deposition via laccases
Authors: Pérez-Antón Miguel , Schneider Ilsa , Kroll Patrizia , Hofhuis Hugo , Metzger Sabine , Pauly Markus , Hay Angela
Published: June 2022

Significance

The sudden explosion of seed pods in popping cress (
Cardamine hirsuta
) takes less than 3 ms to accelerate seeds away from the plant. This explosive mechanism relies on polar deposition of the cell-wall polymer lignin. To investigate the genetic basis for polar lignin deposition, we conducted a mutant screen and identified SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 7 (SPL7)—a transcriptional regulator of copper homeostasis. We discovered three multicopper laccases, LAC4, 11, and 17, that precisely colocalize with, and are required for, the polar deposition of lignin in explosive seed pods. Activity of these three laccases depends on SPL7 to acclimate to copper deficiency. Our findings demonstrate how mineral nutrition is integrated with polar lignin deposition to facilitate dispersal.
Effects of low vs. moderate dose of recreational football on cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Modena Roberto , Impellizzeri Franco M. , Fornasiero Alessandro , Schena Federico
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of recreational football performed once (LOW) vs. twice (MOD) a week on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy, sedentary men. Body composition, resting blood pressure, blood lipid profile and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured at baseline, after a 12‐week control and training period, using an interrupted time‐series study (study 1, n = 18: n = 8, LOW and n = 10, MOD) nested in a randomized parallel trial (study 2, n = 34: n = 18 LOW and n = 16 MOD). After the intervention in study 1, LDL‐cholesterol (−12.3 mg·dLˉ1 [−22.7 to −2.0]) and VO2max (4.5 ml·kgˉ1·minˉ1 [1.2–7.8] ) changed in LOW whereas differences were found in weight (−2.1 kg [−3.7 to −0.4]), BMI (−0.7 kg·m−2 [−1.2 to −0.1]), total cholesterol (−22.2 mg·dLˉ1 [−36.0 to −8.4]), no‐HDL‐cholesterol (−17.5 mg·dLˉ1 [−30.5 to −4.5]), LDL‐cholesterol (−14.9 mg·dLˉ1 [−23.6 to −6.2]) and VO2max (5.7 ml·kgˉ1·minˉ1 [2.8–8.6]) in MOD. Study 2 showed no evidence of differences between groups. Our results therefore suggest positive health effects of recreational football even when performed at low frequency as it can happen in real context.

Highlights

Moderate and high amount of recreational football practice (i.e. 2 or 3 h a week) have been shown to be effective to improve health‐related factors in both healthy and unhealthy people.

Scarce data are present regarding the effect of a low frequency of recreational football practice (i.e. 1 h a week) that is often usual in a real context.

Our results showed the practice of recreational football, once a week, is effective for improving some cardiovascular risk factors (maximal oxygen consumption and LDL‐cholesterol) in sedentary, healthy middle‐aged men.

Moreover, practising recreational football once or twice a week seems to lead to similar positive health adaptations.
Mapping the scientific knowledge of glomalin-related soil protein with implications for carbon sequestration
Authors: Liu Shanle , Wang Qizhi , Qian Lu , Zhang Binghuang , Chen Xiangwen , Hong Hualong , Wu Shengjie , Liu Jingchun , Yan Chongling , Lu Haoliang
Published: June 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) derived refractory organic matter, mainly in glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), stores globally significant amounts of carbon, attracting wide attention in response to climatic change. However, there is no synthesis review has been done so far to
reveal global research progresses on GRSP, especially its ecological role for
climate mitigation. Here,we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the papers on GRSP research from 1998 to 2021, based on the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection.We collected a total of 634 papers and analyzed the characteristics of publication outputs in various countries and institutions.
In addition, keywords analysis was conducted to reveal the main research
directions and hot trends in the field of GRSP. We confirmed that 1) the number of papers published per year has gradually increased since 2010, and increased sharply in 2019; 2) the United States was the earliest country to conduct GRSP research, while China
currently has the largest number of publications; 3) relevant studies focus on the role from AMF and GRSP in soil health and plant health; 4) the contribution of GRSP to soil carbon and its ecological function in mitigating
climate change are the hotspot of research. The benefits of GRSP have become a consensus, however, the nature of glomalin and the mechanisms of GRSP-associated benefits still need to explore. As an important soil recalcitrant organic carbon, further studies are need to elucidate the land-ocean biogeochemical processes of GRSP and its contribution to global blue carbon.
Selection of best feature reduction method for module-based software defect prediction
Authors: Singh Shiva , Haider Tanwir Uddin
Published: June 2022

In the Software development life cycle (SDLC) the prediction of software defects is one of the crucial parts. Recent years have witnessed various studies for predicting software defects, and most of them involve machine learning techniques. Before predicting the defects some pre-processing steps are required, such as feature selection, outlier removal, and feature scaling as it helps in improving accuracy and reducing the execution time(ET). The present investigation focuses on feature selection which is a dimensionality reduction technique. Further, we have also proposed a framework on module-based software defect prediction using feature selection techniques. These techniques are divided into three categories i.e filter methods, wrapper methods, and hybrid methods that combine two wrapper methods i.e. Sequential Forward Selection and Sequential Backward Selection that we have developed. Finally, classification has been performed by KNN, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and SVM using the above-mentioned feature selection techniques on eight publicly available Promise datasets and compared them with the existing state-of-the-art(SOTA) methods. The result shows that the hybrid method performs better in terms of accuracy by 4.2%, 3.9%, 3.8% on datasets pc4, jm1, kc2 respectively when applied along with machine learning, as compared to filter and wrapper methods.
Cohort study on recognition of plant species using Deep Learning methods
Authors: Barhate Deepti , Pathak Sunil , Dubey Ashutosh Kumar , Nemade Varsha
Published: June 2022

Plants play a vital role in each living organism’s life since it maintains the environment and provides us valuable medicine, food, fragrance etc. Knowledge of species is important for the protection of biodiversity. The identification of species of plants by a manual method by botanist is tedious work besides the complex botanical terms used by an expert are annoying for a non-expert. This may lead to the obstruction for learners interested in procuring knowledge of plant species. By applying the classification of species one can also capture crops from weed for automated weedicide. Species of plant recognition are a matter of huge significance in various areas of farming, maintenance of environmental, natural, manufactured goods and medicine invention, and other related areas. Leaf color leaves contour, shape, leaf size, flowers, texture, margins, etc. are the features of plants which can be used for classification, and however, extraction of traits from selected features is the most important status in the classification. In this paper, a review-based study is done which is based on approaches such as Machine learning algorithm, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), etc. are compared. Various classification methods like K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Naïve baise(NB), Random forest are also studied. Mostly used datasets such as Flavia, swedish, Leafsnap, ICL with their species wise features were studied.
“Comparison of machine learning and deep learning classifier to detect sleep apnea using single-channel ECG and HRV: A Systematic Literature Review”
Authors: Singh Nivedita , Talwekar R H
Published: June 2022

sleep apnea (SA) detection has popularly been performed using the gold standard polysomnography (PSG). This method is complex, time-consuming, and essentially requires a skilled person to record multi-channel sleep data. PSG data acquisition to detect OSA requires a dedicated sleep laboratory and hence it is expensive. The main aim of this paper is to select the most suitable modality single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate variability (HRV) to detect OSA using machine learning and deep learning classifiers. This paper includes selected articles written in the English language and published during the last decade. A total of 273 papers were found and 25 were selected using the preferred reporting items for systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach. It includes articles compiled by searching in google scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The main contribution of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to identify the research gap and to Adhoc novel, methodologies to fill the gap for sleep apnea detection using ECG and HRV in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) classifiers. The study concludes that DL algorithms for SA using ECG and HRV modalities are easy and robust. It was reported in this review that during the year 2021, most of the research work was carried out in DL for SA detection which establishes its significance. This SLR also provides important information to choose an efficient model for SA detection and characterization using a single-channel modality.
Prediction of concrete properties using machine learning algorithm
Authors: Tipu Rupesh Kumar , Panchal V R , Pandya K S
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a machine learning model for the prediction of two mechanical properties, namely concrete compressive strength and chloride penetration depth. A total of five machine learning algorithms, including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVR), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), are employed on the collected data set. The winner model is then selected, and its hyperparameters are tuned using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To avoid overfitting of the model on the test data set 10 k-fold cross-validations are used. Features are handled for missing data set values using mean values of available data for the same features. The model performance results are measured using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The proposed model yielded 97% accuracy with a 4 MPa value of RMSE, which indicates an efficient model. Out of all the models, Random Forest Regressor and Gradient Boosting Regressor Model performed well.
Growth of silver nanoparticles on unpolished silicon substrate by used of microwave-assisted technique to enhance the Raman spectrum of glucose
Authors: Isnaeni  , Yudasari Nurfina , Hidayah Affi Nur
Published: June 2022

Silver nanoparticle is useful metallic nanoparticle due to plasmonic property. One of the most important application of silver nanoparticle is enhancing Raman spectrum using so-called surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Mostly, researchers synthesize colloidal silver nanoparticles and deposite on substrate to form SERS substrates. In this work, we simplified the synthesis of SERS substrate by use of microwave. We have successfully grown silver nanoparticles on unpolished silicon substrate using single step microwave-assisted technique. The unpolished silicon substrate has micro-size chambers that are useful for Raman measurement. The silver nanoparticles on silicon substrate were approximately 88 nm in diameter. Our experiment using corn syrup revealed that our SERS substrate enhance Raman peaks spectra of glucose and galactose by more than 16 times.
The development of the real-time Michelson interferometer for the measurement of thermal expansion coefficients of dental composites nanofiller
Authors: Apsari R. , Sya’dyyah Halimatus , Ningsih Kristia , Yhuwana Y. G. Y.
Published: June 2022

This study aims to design a thermal time-based expansion coefficient sensor system using a nickel interferometer that uses a 6 Watts heater to produce a similar oral cavity temperature of 30°C to 60°C. The light source used was the He-Ne Laser, with a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Hollow cylindrical samples with an outer diameter of 1.1 cm, an inner diameter of 1 cm, and a height of 1.5 cm were placed in the sample box behind one of the Michelson Interferometer mirrors. The interference pattern (fringes) formed was recorded using a webcam and counted using the principle of motion detection in the Delphi program. The temperature sensor used was LM 35 with LM 358 amplifier. The resulting voltage output was converted to a temperature value with Arduino. The data were then displayed on a PC with the Delphi interface. The purposely written Delphi program has four functions: recording and counting fringes, displaying temperature, and calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of acrylic resin and nanofiller composite. The generated data in the study included the heating time for 25,421 seconds to produce a temperature of 60°C, delay of (0,802 ± 0,006) second with the sensor performance of 99,76%, and software performance of 98,18%. In three data collections, the average thermal expansion coefficient of resin acrylic was (111.37 ± 10.93). 10-6 / ° C with an error percentage of 23.74% from the literature, while for the composite nanofiller samples, we obtained (49.6 ± 0.95). 10-6 / ° C with an error percentage of 6.9% from previous studies.
The influence of surface roughness to particle optical characteristics by a study of Chebyshev particles
Authors: Fikry Hilman , Iskandar Alexander A.
Published: June 2022

In this work, Chebyshev particles are used to study the influence of surface roughness and nonsphericity to the optical characteristics of particles by exploiting the parameters of Chebyshev particles, namely the waviness parameter and the deformation parameter. This is analyzed by comparing the scattering, extinction, and absorption cross sections, asymmetry parameter, single-scattering albedo, phase function, and linear polarization degree of different types of particles, including spheres and several types of Chebyshev particles. To calculate the optical characteristics, Extended Boundary Condition Method is utilized. The results show that there are some deviations affected by nonsphericity or surface roughness of particles, especially in relatively large size parameter, real part of refractive index is larger than 1, and imaginary part of refractive index is equal to 0. By approximating the surface roughness of particles by Chebyshev particles, larger waviness and deformation parameters tend to give larger difference from ideal particles in optical characteristics, so the optical characteristics could be controlled by modifying these parameters.
River direction prediction of Shuangliu District Fu River based on ArcSWAT model
Authors: Pan YongHao , Liao Jie , Peng Ran , Wang HongJie
Published: June 2022

The division and prediction of river basins provide important theoretical support for mountain torrents, flow direction control and governance. This paper takes Shuangliu District of Chengdu as the main research area. The experiment is supported by the elevation data of Fuhe River in Huanglongxi Town, Yong’an Town, Shuangliu District of Chengdu from 2020 to 2021. By constructing the model database, dividing the spatial unit of the basin and predicting the river trend, the arcswat model for the River Basin of Shuangliu District of Chengdu is established. The results show that the preliminary watershed area obtained by introducing elevation image analysis is the best. In the follow-up test, by combining the calculated results of hydrological system characteristics in the database with the weather data obtained from the world weather database, it better fitted the water conditions of Shuangliu area and showed excellent performance.
Research on scheduling optimization of internal trucks for inter-terminal transportation
Authors: Xiao Qing , Li Fengxiang , Ge Xiaofangg , Yu Xuhui
Published: June 2022

Based on the operation mode of inter-terminal transportation in a container port, an optimization method of internal trucks scheduling was proposed to cooperate among multiple terminals in a port. In order to minimize the remaining workload of each terminal, a mixed integer programming model for internal trucks scheduling optimization was established by considering the transportation time and energy consumption of internal trucks. The improved genetic algorithm was used to solve the model, and an example was given to verify the validity of the model. The results show that the scheduling optimization model based on inter-terminal transportation mode can effectively reduce the total operating cost of each terminal and improve the utilization rate of internal trucks.
Research on Steering Control of Modern Trackless Train with Multi-Articulated Distributed Drive
Authors: Song Peipei
Published: June 2022

Modern trackless train has the characteristics of long body and many articulated modules, and the steering control is extremely difficult. This paper first established its Adams dynamic model, and then designed a fuzzy PID controller to generate the yaw moment and rear wheel angle. So that the vehicle can track the trajectory of the first axle when turning. Finally, the control model was established in Matlab and simulated jointly with Adams model. The simulation experiments under step input and sinusoidal input were carried out. The results show that the active steering control strategy based on the combination of direct yaw moment and rear wheel angle can meet the requirements of vehicle steering stability and trajectory following.
Application of comprehensive diagnosis technology in fault analysis of 35kV box transformer in wind farm
Authors: Shoubao Liu , Yanyang Dang , Wei Guo , Lang Wang , Jiajun Song
Published: June 2022

Using on-line monitoring means to monitor the state quantity of power equipment is the trend of equipment diagnosis and evaluation, but it is usually difficult to accurately judge the hidden dangers of equipment by using a single means. This paper puts forward the transformer comprehensive on-line monitoring technology, which can effectively identify the equipment faults through multi state quantity and long-time comprehensive analysis. The relevant achievements are applied to the fault analysis of 35kV box-type transformer in a wind farm. The qualitative classification of fault category is realized by integrating three state quantities: temperature, oil color spectrum and iron core grounding current; Through disassembly inspection, the effectiveness of the integrated on-line monitoring system is proved; The analysis of fault mechanism is realized by using finite element electromagnetic field calculation. The technology of transformer comprehensive diagnosis in this paper has a very important reference for the defect analysis of transformer equipment.
Control of Inner Flow Field Inside A Transonic Centrifugal Compressor with Splitter Through Chordwise Sweep
Authors: Liang Dong , Chen Huixin , Ou Jun , Jin Donghai , Gui Xingmin
Published: June 2022

The strategy of sweep design should be based on the inner flow field of the compressor. In this paper, a transonic centrifugal compressor within the splitter is discussed in detail, and both forward sweep and backward sweep are studied with numerical simulation for optimization. Splitter introduces extra leakage and it’s worth noting that the high-entropy region is shifted from the suction side of the main blade to the suction side of the splitter. Different from the transonic axial rotor, the leakage of the main blade mainly occurs after the passage shock and will be mixed with the leakage of the splitter in the suction side of the splitter. Therefore, the flow control on the middle and rare part of the compressor is more essential for the performance of the stage. In this regard, the backward sweep of the main blade exhibits a good effect by reducing the mixing loss of secondary leakage. Due to the redistribution of the airflow, the mainstream velocity in the tip area is accelerated in the forepart and reduced in the rare part, the aerodynamic loss in the high-entropy zone is then improved, and the flow capacity of the compressor is also increased. The best performance is achieved by an 8° backward sweep for the centrifugal compressor in this work, the pressure ratio is increased by 2.84% and isentropic efficiency is increased by 1.40%, compared to the prototype.
Influence of converging slot-holes (consoles) with different transition surfaces on film cooling performance
Authors: Yu Manshuang , Xuan Dong
Published: June 2022

To investigate the influence of the transition surfaces of consoles on film cooling performance, a series of numerical simulations were performed under two typical blowing ratio (M). Four different consoles were designed by changing the transition surface of the console, and their film cooling performance was studied under the same boundary conditions. The purpose of the present work is to determine the best configuration of the transition surface. The results show that whether at M=0.5 or M=1.0, compared with the reference case, the console with anti-s-shaped transition surface has the best spatially-averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness (ηad,av
), and the ηad,av
is improved by 6.4% and 7.0% respectively, meanwhile, the discharge coefficient (Cd
) is decreased by 2.9% and 3.2% respectively. Besides, the detailed flow and heat transfer mechanism of consoles with different transition surfaces under different blowing ratios are also investigated.
Study on analytical model of gas diffusion in underground pipe network
Authors: Zhou Tian , Yang Fan , Liu Wei , Tan Yue
Published: June 2022

Through the analysis of gas pipeline leakage causes and gas leakage diffusion model, the preventive measures for gas leakage accidents are put forward, which is of great significance for the harm of gas leakage and explosion accidents. In this paper, the mathematical model of gas leakage is established through hydrodynamics and pipeline gas motion equation, and the leakage process is analyzed by means of numerical simulation, the change law of gas dynamic leakage is obtained from the aspects of gas leakage conditions, gas movement and diffusion law.
Influence of fan-shaped holes with different transition surfaces on film cooling performance
Authors: Liu Hansong
Published: June 2022

A series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the fan-shaped film holes with different transition surfaces on film cooling performance. In the present study, four fan-shaped holes different with the conventional fan-shaped hole were designed by changing the transition surfaces of fan-shaped holes, and their film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient were studied under the same boundary conditions. The results show that the anti-s-shaped fan-shaped hole has the best film cooling performance. Under the blowing ratio of M=1 and M=2, compared with the reference fan-shaped hole, the spatially-averaged cooling effectiveness is improved by 8.7% and 23.8% respectively, and the discharge coefficient is increased by 3.9% and 6.4% respectively.
Influence of front wheel air dam and diversion channel on heat dissipation performance of brake disc
Authors: Guan Qingyun , Zhou Yang , Liang Yizheng , Xiao Ling , Yuan Xiayi
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the heat dissipation performance of the brake disc and reduce the air drag coefficient of the vehicle, the influence mechanism of the front wheel air dam and brake cooling guide structure is studied. Firstly, according to the flow field around the front wheel, six feasible air dam and guide flow optimization solutions are designed; then, CFD simulation method is used to simulate the flow rate, heat transfer coefficient and cooling time; secondly, for the air drag coefficient and brake cooling time of the whole vehicle, aerodynamic-acoustic wind tunnel and road test are used to test and verify respectively; finally, we get the solution of small front wheel air dam and open a guide flow channel around the plate (solution 4), the air drag coefficient is only increased by 3ct, and the brake cooling performance is much better.
Study on boiling heat transfer mechanism based on microlayer evaporation theory
Authors: Dong Wu-han , Gao Ming , Shen Zhong-xiang , Zhang Li-xin
Published: June 2022

Based on dynamic microlayer evaporation model. Heat transfer mechanism of nuclear boiling and microlayer thickness under single bubble on heated surface. It has a lot to do with the temperature of the wall. Therefore, this paper studies the mechanism of bubble microlayer and makes comparative analysis with its experiments. It is helpful to master nuclear boiling heat transfer more comprehensively. In the study of individual bubble microlayer thickness. The effects of time and radius on wall temperature are considered in this paper. The theoretical formula of initial thickness of microlayer is deduced. The theoretical formula is compared with the experimental data of microlayer evaporation under the nucleation bubble. It was found that the experimental data fell within ±25% of the formula range. It is consistent with the previous experimental research.
Numerical Simulation of Noise Characteristics of Open Rotor
Authors: Wei Qing , Chen Zhengwu , Tong Fan , Li Guangming , Cui Panwang
Published: June 2022

In order to investigate the noise characteristics of open rotor, numerical simulation was performed for an open rotor which contains 11 blades for the front row and 9 blades for the rear row. The aerodynamic noise of the open rotor was compared with a single propeller, i.e. the front row propeller. Numerical results show that predicted noise field results agree well with the literature. The noise spectrum of the open rotor is obviously more complex and higher than that of the single propeller. In addition, the contribution of different noise generation mechanisms was studied for the interaction noise. Results show that the blade tip vortex interaction noise and the wake interaction noise are the main noise generation mechanisms while the hub vortex interaction noise contributes less to the interaction noise. Blade tip vortex interaction noise and wake interaction noise need to be paid more attention. The investigation result may help to develop relevant noise reduction techniques for the open rotor.
Experimental investigation on the heat transfer enhancement of steam condensation on tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface
Authors: Li Huanmin , You Zhuo , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2022

The heat transfer enhancement of steam condensation on tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface have been investigated comprehensively through experiment. It has been found that the steam condensation heat transfer performance on the tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface has been enhanced significantly compared to that with hydrophilic surface. The results show that the steam pressure, cooling water velocity (flow rate) and non-condensable gas have influences on the steam condensation heat transfer performance on both tubes. The steam condensation heat transfer enhancement on the tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic surfaces is due to the droplet drainage from hydrophobic stripes to hydrophilic stripes accelerating the discharge and formation of condensate from the tube. This work can be a guide for the design of enhanced condensing heat exchanger.