bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptual load interacts with stimulus processing across sensory modalities
Authors: Klemen J. , Büchel C. , Rose M.
Published: May 2009

According to perceptual load theory, processing of task‐irrelevant stimuli is limited by the perceptual load of a parallel attended task if both the task and the irrelevant stimuli are presented to the same sensory modality. However, it remains a matter of debate whether the same principles apply to cross‐sensory perceptual load and, more generally, what form cross‐sensory attentional modulation in early perceptual areas takes in humans. Here we addressed these questions using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants undertook an auditory one‐back working memory task of low or high perceptual load, while concurrently viewing task‐irrelevant images at one of three object visibility levels. The processing of the visual and auditory stimuli was measured in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC) and auditory cortex (AC), respectively. Cross‐sensory interference with sensory processing was observed in both the LOC and AC, in accordance with previous results of unisensory perceptual load studies. The present neuroimaging results therefore warrant the extension of perceptual load theory from a unisensory to a cross‐sensory context: a validation of this cross‐sensory interference effect through behavioural measures would consolidate the findings.
Demographic Diversity in the Boardroom: Mediators of the Board Diversity–Firm Performance Relationship
Authors: Miller Toyah , Del Carmen Triana María
Published: May 2009

abstract

Whereas the majority of research on board diversity explores the direct relationship between racial and gender diversity and firm performance, this paper investigates mediators that explain how board diversity is related to firm performance. Grounded in signalling theory and the behavioural theory of the firm, we suggest that this relationship operates through two mediators: firm reputation and innovation. In a sample of Fortune 500 firms, we find a positive relationship between board racial diversity and both firm reputation and innovation. We find that reputation and innovation both partially mediate the relationship between board racial diversity and firm performance. In addition, we find a positive relationship between board gender diversity and innovation.
A Typology for Aligning Organizational Ambidexterity's Conceptualizations, Antecedents, and Outcomes
Authors: Simsek Zeki , Heavey Ciaran , Veiga John F. , Souder David
Published: May 2009

abstract

We take stock of the current body of knowledge and understanding on organizational ambidexterity to further specify the construct and develop a typology to focus this line of research. To that end, we first synthesize the various insights on ambidexterity's conceptualization in extant research. We then develop a parsimonious, yet coherent typology that delineates four archetypes of ambidexterity using two primary dimensions underlying previous conceptualizations of this construct. To help focus and align extant research, we next map these types onto the most salient theories, antecedents, and outcomes that are uniquely germane to each. Finally, we offer several recommendations and promising avenues for future inquiries that follow from our typology and associated discussion.
Renewing the War on prostitution: The spectres of ‘trafficking’ and ‘slavery’
Authors: Day Sophie
Published: May 2009

The 1990s saw government initiatives restricting immigration in many countries, and a good deal of popular unease. Associated policies have targeted sex workers, as with the Policing and Crime Bill that is currently in its Third Reading in the House of Commons (UK). In the name of ‘victims’ of a trade organised by ‘evil’ traffickers, this Bill seeks further sanctions against all of those involved. This editorial asks whether initiatives during the current recession might not seem to succeed but for the wrong reasons. Immigrants are already leaving the UK in search of a living while local workers, who were promised safer working conditions in the wake of the murder of five women in Ipswich (2006), will be punished more and more. With its apparently humanitarian efforts to ‘stop the traffic’, the UK government will turn out to have replaced our ‘slaves’ from abroad with home‐grown substitutes, and effectively solidified and further excluded an underclass. This situation suggests striking parallels with the panic over white slavery during the last comparable period of globalisation culminating in the First World War.
Written out of history: Contemporary Native American narratives of enslavement
Authors: Carocci Max
Published: May 2009

The article looks at historical narratives of enslavement circulating among contemporary Native Americans. These narratives, the author argues, constitute an important element in the construction of current tribal identities as much as they are relevant for a reflection about the role played by hegemonic racial discourses in the politics surrounding ethnically‐tied resources.
Religionless Christianity and the Political Implications of Theological Speech: What Bonhoeffer's Theology Yields to a World of Fundamentalisms
Authors: GREGGS TOM
Published: June 2009

This article seeks to utilize Bonhoeffer's religionless Christianity in a formative and constructive way to aid theological speech in the complexly secular and multi‐faith setting of the twenty‐first century. It will begin by seeking to highlight trends in unhelpful contemporary theo‐politics, and to locate these in the interconnection of secular and religious forms of fundamentalism. It will then consider how a theological interpretation of Bonhoeffer's religionless Christianity might assist in undermining such fundamentalisms. A further section identifies a threefold positive benefit that Bonhoeffer's thought offers in the contemporary situation: a distinction between God and religion; a genuine understanding of the sovereignty of God; and an inability to separate secular–religious concerns from inter‐faith concerns.
Stakeholder Perspectives about Marine Oil Spill Response Objectives: A Comparative Q Study of Four Regions
Authors: Tuler Seth , Webler Thomas
Published: May 2009

Marine oil spills can cause major social, economic, and ecological disruptions. Spill response managers must weigh different options and objectives when deciding what to do. We investigated the ways in which preferences for spill response objectives vary among those who are responsible for oil spill contingency planning and response in Buzzards Bay, Delaware Bay, San Francisco Bay, and Washington State regions. We begin this paper with a discussion of the research method used in the study: the Q method. In Buzzards Bay, Delaware Bay, and San Francisco Bay three perspectives were identified in each case. In Washington State, two perspectives were identified. An analysis of the 11 case‐specific perspectives reveals that they can be described by four ‘composite’ perspectives that describe how different stakeholders prioritize spill response objectives. These four perspectives are compared on several themes, including the emphasis they placed on mitigating economic impacts, protecting health and safety, mitigating ecological impacts, implementing a coordinated and timely response, addressing the needs and concerns of the affected public/communities, gaining public support for the response, mitigating cultural impacts, and mitigating social nuisance impacts. The implications for spill response planning and spill response evaluation are discussed.
Gene–environment interplay between peer rejection and depressive behavior in children
Authors: Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Boivin Michel , Girard Alain , Bukowski William M. , Dionne Ginette , Tremblay Richard E. , Pérusse Daniel
Published: May 2009

Background:  Genetic risk for depressive behavior may increase the likelihood of exposure to environmental stressors (gene–environment correlation, rGE). By the same token, exposure to environmental stressors may moderate the effect of genes on depressive behavior (gene–environment interaction, G×E). Relating these processes to a peer‐related stressor in childhood, the present study examined (1) whether genetic risk for depressive behavior in children is related to higher levels of rejection by the peer group (rGE) and (2) whether peer rejection moderates the effect of genetic factors on children’s depressive behavior (G×E).

Methods:  The sample comprised 336 twin pairs (MZ pairs = 196, same‐sex DZ pairs = 140) assessed in kindergarten (mean age 72.7 months). Peer acceptance/rejection was measured via peer nominations. Depressive behavior was measured through teacher ratings.

Results:  Consistent with rGE, a moderate overlap of genetic effects was found between peer acceptance/rejection and depressive behavior. In line with G×E, genetic effects on depressive behavior varied across levels of peer acceptance/rejection.

Conclusions:  An increased genetic disposition for depressive behavior is related to a higher risk of peer rejection (rGE). However, genes play a lesser role in explaining individual differences in depressive behavior in rejected children than in accepted children (G×E).
Psychophysiological responses to pain: Further validation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) as a measure of nociception using multilevel modeling
Authors: Rhudy Jamie L. , France Christopher R. , Bartley Emily J. , Mccabe Klanci M. , Williams Amy E.
Published: May 2009

Physiological reactions to noxious stimuli are often used to make inferences about pain, but few studies have thoroughly examined the intra‐ and interindividual relationships between them. In the present study (N=104), multilevel analyses was used to assess relations between physiological (nociceptive flexion reflex magnitude [NFR], blink reflex magnitude, skin conductance response [SCR], heart rate [HR]) and subjective reactions to electrocutaneous stimuli. All physiological reactions were significant predictors of ratings when entered alone, explaining 1% (SCR) to 29% (NFR) of the variance; but only NFR, blink, and HR were significant in a multivariate predictor model. Significant interindividual variability in slopes was found for blink and HR, but not NFR. A final trimmed model that included NFR, blink, and the blink random slope explained 35% of the variance in ratings.
Transapical Left Ventricular Bypass: A Method for Partial or Total Circulatory Support
Authors: Peters Jeffrey L. , McRea James C. , Fukumasu Hiroyuki , Iwaya Fumio , Kolff Willem J.
Published: June 2009

A simple cannula method of partial or total left ventricular bypass, utilizing a roller pump and outflow filter, has been developed and applied clinically. One of three patients with severe cardiac and multisystem failure was pumped with total left ventricular bypass for six days and decannulated with recovery of myocardial function after nine days. These results are encouraging and suggest that a number of patients could be salvaged from temporary cardiac failure with a simple cannula‐roller‐pump bypass system.
Complex Impedance and Dielectric Dispersion in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Matrices
Authors: McCarter William J. , Starrs Gerry , Chrisp Thomas M. , Banfill Philip F. G.
Published: May 2009

The electrical response of carbon fiber reinforced cement mortar over the frequency range 1 Hz–10MHz has been presented. The low frequency conductivity is shown to be directly influenced by increasing fiber dosage, with conductivity percolation occurring at dosages in the range 0.35%–1.0% (by volume). When viewed across the entire frequency spectrum, the conductivity and dielectric constant frequency dispersions reveal two regions of relaxation. The definition of these regions becomes more pronounced as the fiber dosage is increased. It is proposed that the low frequency relaxation process (1 Hz–1 kHz) is related to the enhanced charge transfer characteristics at the electrode–material interface produced by the presence of the carbon fibers in the vicinity of the electrodes. The high frequency relaxation process (5 kHz–10 MHz) results from a Maxwell–Wagner effect produced by the presence of highly conducting inclusions (the carbon fibers) in the low conductivity mortar matrix.
The Analysis of Metameric Blue Fibers and Their Forensic Significance
Authors: Eng Mary , Martin Paul , Bhagwandin Candida
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  Metamerism is a phenomenon where two or more colored items with different colorant chemistries appear to the observer to be the same color. Those differences should result in different UV‐visible spectra. Additionally, the literature on color science states that metameric samples will have spectra that intersect at three or more loci. Metameric samples of blue textile fibers, which were created using different coloring agents or different relative concentrations of the coloring agents, were studied to demonstrate that they could be differentiated by obtaining their spectra between 350 and 800 nm using UV‐visible microspectrophotometry. However, while some of the metameric samples tested did intersect at three or more loci, others did not intersect at all. In the spectra that did intersect, no correlation was found between either the dye chemistries or the relative component concentrations.
p‐Phenylenediamine sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study
Authors: Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Bruze Magnus , Diepgen Thomas , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M , Gonçalo Margarida , Goossens An , Le Coz Christophe , McFadden John , Rustemeyer Thomas , White Ian R , White Jonathan M , Johansen Jeanne Duus
Published: May 2009

Background:  Positive patch test reactions to p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) are common. PPD is used in oxidative hair dyes and is also present in dark henna temporary ‘tattoos’. Cross‐sensitization to other contact allergens may occur. Because subjects sensitized to PPD are at risk of clinically severe reactions upon hair dyeing, there is a need for ‘current’ prevalence data on PPD sensitization.

Objectives:  To compare PPD patch test results from dermatitis patients tested between 2003 and 2007 in 10 European patch test centres and to analyse the causes and determine relevance of positive PPD patch test reactions.

Materials:  Patch testing was performed using PPD (1% free base in petrolatum from Trolab (Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbeck, Germany) or Chemotechnique (Malmö, Sweden), equivalent to 0.090 mg/cm2 in the TRUE® test from MEKOS Laboratories AS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐squared test.

Results:  The weighted average prevalence was 4.6% among 21 515 patients. PPD sensitization occurred more often in centres located in Central and Southern Europe than in Scandinavian centres (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 2.07–2.78). The overall proportion of positive patch test reactions to PPD that were registered as being of either current or ‘past’ relevance was high (weighted average 53.6% and 20.3%, respectively). Consumer hair dyeing was the most prominent cause of PPD sensitization (weighted average 41.8%). Furthermore, occupational hair dye exposure (10.6%) and cross‐sensitization to textile dyes (12.6%) were frequently reported.

Conclusions:  PPD sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for patients visiting contact dermatitis clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.
INTERDISCIPLINARY LAW AND PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ballard Robin , Nyman Mary
Published: May 2009

The opportunity to do interdisciplinary research and training is both exciting and daunting. As Indiana University forges a partnership between law and psychology, graduate and law students are on the frontlines of the collaboration—present for both the rewards and the challenges of bringing two disciplines together. We are grateful for this chance to represent the voices of students involved in interdisciplinary training and education. As a third‐year law student at Indiana School of Law (M.N.) and a first‐year graduate student in Clinical Psychology at Indiana University (R.B.), we respond to the following questions about our interdisciplinary experiences in law and psychology.1
FAMILY DISPUTE RESOLUTION: CHARTING A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Holtzworth‐Munroe Amy , Applegate Amy G. , D'Onofrio Br ian
Published: May 2009

This article summarizes ideas for future directions in the field of family dispute resolution, as discussed by legal experts, social scientists, and other participants at the Indiana University–Bloomington conference on family dispute resolution. Five major categories of future directions were discussed: (1) clarifying differing goals for work in this field; (2) recognizing, understanding, and assessing for heterogeneity among couples and families facing divorces, break ups in adult relationships, and reconfigurations of adult relationships with the children (“relationship dissolution”); (3) testing our assumptions and commonly held beliefs about relationship dissolution; (4) empirically testing the efficacy of interventions for families experiencing relationship dissolution; and (5) disseminating research findings to those on the frontline.
Grain Growth Behavior of Aluminum Oxide Reinforced with Carbon Nanotube During Plasma Spraying and PostSpray Consolidation
Authors: Balani Kantesh , Bakshi Srinivasa R. , Lahiri Debrupa , Agarwal Arvind , Balani Kantesh
Published: May 2009

Grain‐boundary mobility of the plasma sprayed aluminum oxide (Al2O3)–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites is evaluated in the current work. Grain mobility is evaluated from the grain growth within the spray‐dried particles and thermal history experienced during high‐temperature plasma processing. CNTs form an interfacial grain boundary layer during thermal exposure, limiting the grain growth of plasma‐sprayed coatings. Consequent hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) of CNT‐reinforced Al2O3 at 1773 K shows differences in grain growth kinetics, degree of densification, and pore shrinkage. Densification of HIPed coatings is observed to be dictated by CNTs, phase transformation, initial grain size, and time of thermal processing. CNTs have shown to impede the Al2O3 grain growth by serving as grain pinning obstacles. Impediment of grain‐boundary mobility with variation of CNT content, and time and temperature of the heat treatment of aluminum oxide (Al2O3)–CNT nanocomposite is addressed in detail.
On the identification of the Fermi/LAT source 0FGL J2001.0+4352 with a BL Lac
Authors: Bassani L. , Landi R. , Masetti N. , Parisi P. , Bazzano A. , Ubertini P.
Published: June 2009

We report on the identification of the gamma-ray source 0FGL J20001.0+4352 listed in the Fermi bright source catalogue. This object, which has an observed 1–100 GeV flux of (7.8 ± 1.2) × 10−9 ph cm−2 s−1 and is located close to the Galactic plane, is not associated with any previously known high-energy source. We use archival XMM–Newton and Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) data to localize with arcsec accuracy the X-ray counterpart of this GeV emitter and to characterize its X-ray properties: the source is bright (the 0.2–12 keV flux is 1.9 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1), variable (by a factor of ∼2) and with a steep power-law spectrum (Γ= 2.7). It coincides with a radio bright (∼200 mJy at 8.4 GHz) and flat spectrum object [MG4 J200112+4352 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)]. Broad-band optical photometry of this source suggests variability also in this waveband, while a spectroscopic follow-up observation provides the first source classification as a BL Lac object. The source SED, as well as the overall characteristics and optical classification, point to a high frequency peaked blazar identification for 0FGL J2001.0+4352.
Financial Market Turmoil: Implications for Monetary Policy Transmission in China
Authors: Zhang Chengsi , Clovis Joel
Published: May 2009

The recent financial market turmoil has initiated another search for insightful understanding of the interactions between the financial market and monetary policy. This paper explores these interactions in terms of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in China. We argue that evolving financial development, enhanced by the expansion of the financial market, has altered the conventional channel for monetary transmission in China. Analyzing marked changes in the financial landscape and taking into account policy regime shifts in China, the paper provides clear evidence showing that the financial market has become a new and important channel for transmission of monetary policy in China.
Global Production Sharing and Sino–US Trade Relations
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐chandra , Yamashita Nobuaki
Published: May 2009

This paper examines Sino–US trade relations, focusing on the ongoing process of global production sharing, involving splitting of the production process into discrete activities that are then allocated across countries, and the resulting trade complementarities between the two countries in world manufacturing trade. The results suggest that the Sino–US trade imbalance is basically a structural phenomenon resulting from the pivotal role played by China as the final assembly centre in East Asia‐centered global production networks.
Comparison of melanoblast expression patterns identifies distinct classes of genes
Authors: Loftus Stacie K. , Baxter Laura L. , Buac Kristina , Watkins‐Chow Dawn E. , Larson Denise M. , Pavan William J.
Published: May 2009

A full understanding of transcriptional regulation requires integration of information obtained from multiple experimental datasets. These include datasets annotating gene expression within the context of an entire organism under normal and genetically perturbed conditions. Here we describe an expression dataset annotating pigment cell‐expressed genes of the developing melanocyte and retinal pigmented epithelium lineages. Expression images are annotated and available at http://research.nhgri.nih.gov/manuscripts/Loftus/March2009/. Data are also summarized in a standardized manner using a universal melanoblast scoring scale that accounts for the embryonic location of cells and regional cell density. This approach allowed us to classify 14 pigment genes into four groupings classified by cell lineage expression, temporal‐spatial context, and differential alteration in response to altered MITF and SOX10 status. Significant differences in regional populations were also observed across inbred strain backgrounds, highlighting the value of this approach to identify modifier allele influences on melanoblast number and distributions. This analysis revealed novel features of in vivo expression patterns that are not measurable by in vitro‐based assays, providing data that in combination with genomic analyses will allow modeling of pigment cell gene expression in development and disease.
Dental conditions in high school students, Sydney, 1972
Authors: Barnard P. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Dental examinations of 1,895 first year students of nine Sydney metropolitan State high schools were carried out in 1972. The schools were chosen from three socio‐economic areas representing upper‐middle, lower‐middle, and working class groups. Minimal differences were shown in the prevalence of dental diseases, treatment needs, and dental practices between the upper‐middle and lower‐middle socio‐economic groups. The working class group showed a higher prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and treatment needs and reported different dental health practices from the other groups.
Phase identification of dental amalgam using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Consani Simonides , Ruhnke Luiz Antonio , Da Silva Darcy Martins
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Dental amalgam specimens were polished and afterward etched by an acid iodine solution. The replicas were obtained by the vacuum coating technique. The electron micrographs indicated that it was possible to identify the silver‐mercuy (γ1) and tin‐mercury (γ2) intermetallic compounds formed during amalgam setting.
The effect of variation in the technique of metal fusion on the development of internal porosity in cast structures
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Standard tensile specimens were cast from a series of alloys using several techniques of metal fusion. Subsequently, all specimens were subjected to radiographic and metallographic evaluation in association with density determination in order to ascertain the effect of melting technique on the amount and pattern of porosity.
Characteristics of the Papua New Guinean dentition. I. Shovel‐shaped incisors and canines associated with lingual tubercles
Authors: Doran G. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The prevalence of shovel‐shaped and lingual tubercles in maxillary incisors and canines in four groups of people in Papua New Guinea is reported. The shovel shape was not common among the people of Highland New Guinea but its presence in Papuans was comparable with that in Mongoloid races.
A simple method of assessing community orthodontic needs
Authors: Suckling J. G. , Hunter P. B. V.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A method based on a survey of 336 children is described for making measurements of occlusions and converting the results into a form which permits an assessment of the community's need for orthodontic treatment. Measurements of the incisal overjet and crowding are used to produce a score related to the severity of the malocclusion, and the results suggest further investigation is warranted.
An approach to the management of temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Authors: Somers Nihill
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Temporomandibular joint dysfunction may result from a number of causes. Perhaps the commonest is muscular hyperactivity of central origin. Consequently, the dentist has to widen his investigations to take into account the life style of the patient and to deal with the expression of mental stress as muscular tension.
Call me dentist
Authors: Weir Ellice M.
Published: May 2009

“Women, it would appear, have practised tooth drawing from ancient times, although the allusions to them are scanty, the reasons perhaps lying in the fact that they are only mentioned when they have transgressed, and that the majority of them were peaceful law‐abiding operators.”—Lilian Lindsay.
The three stages of the amalgam cavity
Authors: Mount G. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A conservative approach is presented designed to retain the maximum strength of the tooth in the preparation of cavities for amalgam restorations in permanent teeth. Three classifications of cavity design are presented embracing a three‐stage procedure which retains the maximum tooth structure especially in the gingival third of the crown in order to improve aesthetics and maintain function and the health of the gingiva.
The prevalence of the maxillo‐septal syndrome in Anglo‐Saxon and Romano‐British skulls and foetal specimens
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —Seventy‐three pre‐medieval British skulls were examined and the maxillo‐septal syndrome was found in 42. Ten foetal specimens of crown rump length greater than 40 mm were also examined and the syndrome was found in three specimens. Deflection of the nasal septum was present in 56 specimens.
Current concepts in the surgical management of the atrophic mandible*
Authors: Fitzpatrick Barry
Published: May 2009

“Give me the surgeon who does the correct operation, rather than the man who skilfully performs the wrong one.”—Moynihan.
Some observations on the diagnosis and treatment of complete denture problems*
Authors: Ettinger Ronald
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Diagnosis of problems in the wearing of complete dentures can only be made after taking a complete history of the difficulties encountered by the patient. This necessitates careful attention whilst the patient relates the various difficulties. The record of these statements should be scrutinized carefully and this will assist in making the correct diagnosis of the cause of the difficulties. Specific problems encountered by elderly patients are examined and some methods of overcoming them are presented.
What is happening to cavity toilet and lining?*
Authors: McKerracher Peter W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— There has been a swing toward using chemicals other than air and water for some areas of cavity preparation and cavity toilet. There also have been some new thoughts in the area of linings and bases. This is a discussion in clinical terms of the current concepts in the area between cutting of the cavity and insertion of the restoration.
Orthodontic Seminar: A Realistic Approach Minimizing the future problem*
Authors: O'Donoghue Don J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The role of the family dentist in the utilization of preventive orthodontics to intercept potential problems in the areas of serial extractions, buccal cross‐bites and thumb sucking habits is discussed.
The temporomandibular joint: some biological considerations
Authors: Miles T. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The physiological mechanisms operating through the temporomandibular joint in the perception of changes in the position of the mandible can determine extremely small discrepancies in the final occlusal position. Some observations on the pathways of neural control and reflexes are discussed and their importance in clinical situations noted.
X‐ray microanalysis of ‘psuedo’ hyaline bodies in odontogenic cysts
Authors: Allison R T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— X‐ray microanalysis has revealed qualitative differences in the elemental composition between so‐called hyaline bodies occurring in the connective tissue wall of an odontogenic cyst and hyaline bodies occurring within the epithelial lining of these cysts.
An electron microprobe investigation of the extent of microsegregation occurring in base metal dental casting alloys
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Standard tensile specimens were cast from a cobalt base commercial partial denture casting alloy, and from a nickel base alloy. Specimens from the castings were examined metallographically. The electron microprobe was used in order to determine the degree of microsegregation present.
Cicatricial pemphigoid: A review of eleven cases
Authors: Mitchell R. D. , Smith N. H. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —Eleven cases of cicatricial pemphigoid are presented. The clinical, histopathological and immunopathological features of the disease as well as present methods of treatment and dental management are also discussed.
Maxillary osteotomies
Authors: Eggleston D. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— In the past decade, biological studies on the maxilla have led to variations in established maxillary osteotomy techniques. Three of these surgical innovations are presented with illustrative case histories.
Adolescent dental care and the South Australian school dental programme
Authors: Blalkle D. C. , Dooland M. B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The problems of continuing dental care once eligibility for school care ceases have been discussed. A questionnaire of 18,976 high school students at 29 South Australian schools indicated that, compared with students with no history of school care, fewer students treated by the School Dental Service reported visiting a dentist since leaving primary school. Several programmes designed to encourage continuing dental care have been described.
Effects of stannous fluoride and amine fluorides on caries incidence and enamel solubility in adults
Authors: Obersztyn A. , Kolwinski K. , Trykowski J. , Starosciak S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three groups of men aged 19 to 22 years were examined. Group A was regarded as control, group B was treated topically with stannous fluoride solution every 6 months, group C received a gel for brushing once a week. All the subjects were re‐examined after 6, 12, 18,24,30 and 36 months and DMFS scores were analysed. In the end of the trial 639 teeth from 213 participants were evaluated in vivo for enamel solubility rates by the CRT test. After three years of treatment both examinations disclosed that the gel was more effective in dental caries inhibition and reduction of the enamel solubility in acids, than stannous fluoride solution.
Classification schemes for dental school libraries
Authors: McMaugh David R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The provision of an efficient and acceptable library system for the dental literature is examined. It is suggested that an index to the dental literature is best provided by a combination of Index Medicus and Medical Subject Headings. The Library of Congress scheme would be best for an autonomous dental school and, where a dental school library is provided by a large medical library, the National Library of Medicine Classification would be suitable for dental student use.
The orthodontic management of the teenage cleft palate patient. Case reports
Authors: Goldschmied F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Case reports on four teenage cleft palate patients treated with rapid expansion and Begg fixed appliance technique. The philosophy and treatment goals are described.
Sedation for dental treatment of infants. II. Clinical procedure
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The details of a clinical technique for sedation and treatment of young children, using a narcotic premedication, and a nitrous oxide‐oxygen technique with local anaesthesia is described.
The static creep of amalgams from fifteen alloys
Authors: Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The static creep of amalgams prepared from fifteen conventional Ag3Sn and higher copper alloys was investigated one week after packing. The rate at which the different alloys develop resistance to creep was compared by testing amalgams at a number of times other than one week.

A microfine lathe‐cut alloy possesses the highest static creep and the single melt high copper type of alloy the lowest. An admixed high copper group of alloys possesses static creep similar to the silver‐copper dispersed alloys.

The rate at which amalgam develops a resistance to creep is dependent on the alloy type.
The fine structure of epithelial cells in normal and pathological buccal mucosa. II. Colloid body formation
Authors: Griffin C. J. , Jolly M. , Smythe J. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Seven cases of the erosive type of lichen planus, as well as normal tissue, were studied with the optical and electron microscope. The study was concerned with the distribution and formation of colloid bodies. These bodies were located at the epithelial‐proprial junctions and occasionally interepithelially. They were seldom larger than basal epithelial cells and were macrophages which contained fragments of phagocytosed epithelial cells. They probably correspond to cytoid bodies which have a similar size and a similar distribution.

These bodies are usually IgM positive, diatase resistant and PAS positive.
Fluoridation 1. Effects on children's caries rates and professionally defined requirements for dental care
Authors: Roder D. M. , Sundram P. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— In 1977, after six years of fluoridation in South Australia, 337 six year‐olds with continuous fluoride‐drinking‐water histories had DMFT values 53–2 per cent lower and df values 48–5 per cent lower than base‐line values. For five to six year‐olds presenting for follow‐up care in the School Dental Service in 1977, continuous intake of fluoridated water evidently had reduced: (1) the number of teeth needing restorations by 40–0 per cent; (2) the total care items required by 32–6 per cent: (3) the total time required for care by 37–5 per cent; and (4) the fee‐for‐service value of care required by 34 ‐3 per cent.
Caries prevalence and restorative dental services in some Pacific Islands
Authors: Speake J. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Caries prevalence rates at eight and eleven years of age were estimated according to WHO criteria in six Pacific Island countries and territories during the period 1975 to 1977. The components of the dental caries index (DIMF(T)) on a country or territory basis were examined and the dental care index calculated. Factors influencing the delivery of dental services in the region are discussed.
The reaction of dental tissues to magnetic fields*
Authors: Cerny Robert
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT The effects of cobalt samarium magnets on the dental tissues of dogs has been examined. After an exposure period of six months there was no evidence, clinically or microscopically, of tissue damage.
The providers of dental services*
Authors: Barnard P. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The relative increase of dentists and the marked increase of dental auxiliaries is discussed in relation to the dentist:population ratio and the role of the auxiliary in the different States. The trend in enrolments in Australian universities, the impact of dentists from overseas, and the increase in auxiliaries is presented in relation to the future levels of recruitment to the dental profession. The need for the co‐ordination of relevant registration authorities in workforce planning is stressed.
Efficiency of mechanical trituration of amalgam. II. Effects of some variables
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

The performance criterion of “success time” has been used to study the effects of variations in the frequency and amplitude of oscillation, mercury content and the mass of the mix. A theoretical relationship for the dependence of success time on frequency and amplitude was found to be in satisfactory agreement with observation. A “power number” for describing amalgamators is proposed, although the success time for a given combination of machine, capsule, alloy, and such like remains the best measure of overall efficiency.
Effect of fluoride on root resorption of autogenous dental replants. Clinical study*
Authors: Mahajan S. K. , Sidhu S. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Eighty‐eight replants were undertaken during the first year of study and it was observed that replants treated with fluoride prior to insertion showed less root resorption than those not treated. The vitality of the periodontal membrane, and endodontic procedures did not contribute to the success of the replants. Teeth with the periodontal membrane retained and treated with fluoride prior to replanting showed more resorption than those not treated with fluoride. Ankylosis rather than regeneration of periodontal membrane was noted in the fluoride treated replants.
The treatment of some disorders of the maxillo‐mandibular apparatus. I. Congenital disorders
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The present report is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of four cases of complex disorders of the maxillo‐mandibular apparatus with a strong congenital basis. In most cases osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint complex was superimposed on these congenital conditions and three out of four cases had open‐bite. Treatment, in most cases, consisted of rapid maxillary expansion utilizing a removable appliance. In one case chrome‐cobalt cast metal dentures were made to achieve a balanced occlusion. In cases of open‐bite occlusal equilibration was performed so as to achieve an helicoidal occlusal plane.
Regenerated human mandibular condyle. Case report
Authors: Adler E. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Histological examination of a regenerated human condyle shows that the surface is covered by non‐calcified tissue and the honey lamellae are arranged in normal alignment. Regeneration of the condyle occurred following condylectomy two and one half years previously.
Efficiency of mechanical trituration of amalgam. III. Practical comparisons
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

The performance of a range of amalgamators, capsules and pestles was studied using the criterion of “success time”, and the results discussed in terms of the parameters Power Number and capsule length:amplitude ratio. Simple modifications of amalgamator design to improve efficiency have been identified; high oscillation frequency appears to be unnecessary. Pestle diameter was shown to be most relevant to its rôle in trituration, mass and length being relatively unimportant. Wide variation in alloys under standard conditions was observed, possible factors are discussed. Parasitic oscillations were shown to be important in modifying amalgamator performance.
An investigation of methods proposed for the analysis of the various forms of fluoride in toothpaste
Authors: Cook Wayne D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Analytical methods for the determination of soluble fluoride, soluble fluorine and total fluorine derivatives in toothpaste were investigated. Potentiometric determinations of soluble fluoride in TISAB‐toothpaste slurries were shown to be inaccurate. Based on recovery measurements, analyses for soluble fluoride and soluble fluorine derivatives in the supernatant liquid were found to be reliable provided the slurrying time was standardized. A gas chromatography method for the analysis of total fluorine, using the silane derivative of fluoride, was compared with methods involving ashing and distillation prior to colorimetric or potentiometric analysis.
Characterization and aqueous extraction of calcium hydroxide materials
Authors: de Freitas J. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Analysis of two single and eight dual product systems showed the former to be calcium hydroxide dispersed in an aqueous gel in methyl ethyl ketone solution of an acrylic polymer and the latter were cements based on the polymerization occurring when mixing salicylate esters with calcium hydroxide. Using water as an extractant under controlled conditions, specimens of the prepared materials produced marked differences in pH values over 24 hours and conductivity over 72 hours; also cumulative extractions over 26 weeks showed substantial variation in the amount of calcium hydroxide and other solubles.
Pen and instrument grips and clinical performance in dental students
Authors: Makinson O. F. , Hume W. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The hand grips used by 114 students for holding dental handpieces and pens were examined, classified, and related to each student's grade in a broadly‐based assessment of clinical performance. It was found that there was a marked tendency for students with unusual dental handpiece grips to be in the lower clinical grades. More surprisingly, there was a similar simple relationship between unusual writing pen grips and clinical grades. No difference in clinical performance was detected between students using the two generally recommended forms of handpiece grip. The results have implications for interceptive and remedial teaching of dental students experiencing manipulative difficulties.
Economic aspects of the prolonged fluoride application method
Authors: Enno Annabel , Craig G. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Cost‐benefit and cost‐effectiveness analyses were carried out to obtain an indication of the economic viability of the prolonged fluoride application (PFA) method. Using three year results from a clinical trial of the technique, the cost‐benefit ratio was calculated as 1:2.1 and the cost‐effectiveness as $3.49 per surface saved in three years. For purposes of general comparison the same analyses were made for an alternative measure, the placement of pit and fissure sealants. Using data from a two‐year sealant trial, the cost‐benefit ratio was found to be 1:0.77 and the cost‐effectiveness $18.49 per surface saved in two years. The findings indicated that the PFA method can be regarded as an economically viable procedure.
Surgical procedures to prepare the mouth for prosthetic replacement. A review
Authors: Gregory Dennis J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A review of the indications for some pre‐prosthetic surgical procedures is presented which may assist the dentist and the patient to overcome some of the difficulties experienced with prosthetic replacements.
Reaction of rat connective tissue to gutta‐percha and silver points. A long‐term histological study
Authors: Holland Roberto , de Souza Valdir , Nery Mauro J. , de Mello Walderício , Bernabé Pedro F. E. , Filho J. A. Otoboni
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Silver points and two types of gutta‐percha points were implanted in rat connective tissue. One year later the results were histologically analysed. One type of gutta‐percha point and the silver point were well tolerated by the rat connective tissues. The other type of gutta‐percha point elicited a moderate to severe chronic inflammatory reaction.
Oxytalan and elastic fibres in human salivary glands. A light microscopy study
Authors: Phang Y. C. , Rannie I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A light microscopy study has shown that oxytalan fibres are found in both human submandibular and other minor salivary glands. These fibres are observed in a periductal distribution and in association with the basement membrane. It is suggested that these fibres play a role similar to that of oxytalan fibres at the epithelial–dermal junction.
Sex determination of Australian Aboriginal skulls by discriminant function analysis
Authors: Townsend G. C. , Richards L. C. , Carroll Amanda
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The technique of discriminant function analysis was applied to determine the sex of Australian Aboriginal skulls using data derived from standardized roentgenograms. Even when only a few well‐defined landmarks were included, the functions, representing linear combinations of cranial variables, provided good discrimination. This approach proved more reliable in classification than applying previously reported functions derived for other populations.
Better restorative dentistry in the Eighties*
Authors: Widdop F. T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Particular influences that now affect the provision of basic restorative services within the community are: (i) diminishing rampant caries in young mouths, (ii) increasing problems related to heavily‐restored adult dentitions, (iii) increasing professional awareness of iatrogenic hazards, and (iv) increasing demand for relatively simple, inexpensive reconstructions. The influence of preventive measures, new and improved materials are also shown to be of great advantage to the patient.
Conservative dentistry for children under general anaesthesia in the dental surgery
Authors: O'Brien H. D. , Suthers W. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Young children requiring extensive dental care can be treated successfully under general anaesthesia in the dental surgery. In this survey of 1316 patients over a twelve year period, the results are presented with details of anaesthetic and dental procedures which are developed over that period. Significantly, no post‐anaesthetic complications relating to intubation occurred in these out‐patients.
Nutritional knowledge of dental students
Authors: Steel Joan , Spencer John , Widmer Richard
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the nutritional knowledge of undergraduate dental students in the University of Melbourne. Only a moderate improvement in nutritional knowledge was evident over the five years of the dental course. Many common misconceptions were held. The results indicated the necessity for the introduction of improved nutrition education in the Dental School curriculum.
Cure of resin based restorative materials. II. White light photopolymerized resins
Authors: Cook W. D. , Standish P. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The kinetics involved in the white light photopolymerized resin based restorative materials was investigated by incorporating various inhibitors and photosensitizer into commercial materials. It was found that the depth of cure of these materials increased proportionately to the logarithm of the product of exposure time and radiation dose, and that other factors such as photosensitizer and inhibitor levels in the material also controlled the depth of cure. A mathematical model for the kinetics of photopolymerization for white light systems was found to be in reasonable accord with the experimental data.