bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effects of Co-administration of Ethanol Leaves Extracts of Andrographis paniculata Leaves and Phyllanthus amarus on Albumin, Globulin and Bilirubin in Heavy Metal Treated Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Essien Nnamso Effiong , Mfon Bobson Promise-Godsfavour , Okon Okon E. , G. Ukpong Etiowo
Published: February 2022

The effect of co-administration of ethanol leaves extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus amarus on albumin, globulin and bilirubin in a heavy metal treated albino Wistar rats was evaluated. Twenty-five male rats (130-170g) were assigned five groups of five animals each. Groups 1,2, 3 and 5 were treated with thirty percent of the LD50 of cadmium each before administration of plant extracts. Group 1 was administrated with 400mg/kg of A.paniculata and P. amarus at 50:50 dosage ratio. Groups 2 and 3 were administered with 400mg/kg of A.paniculata and P. amarus respectively. Group 4 was neither treated with heavy metal nor administered with the leave extracts and served as normal control, but Group 5 that was treated with heavy metal without plant extracts served as positive control. The animals were all fed with commercial rat mash and with distilled water throughout three weeks of extract administration. At the end of 21 days, the result revealed a non-significant decrease in mean albumin and globulin levels in the treatment groups when compared to the normal control and positive control. But the mean serum albumin, globulin and bilirubin levels in the positive control group were highest compared to the treatment groups. The result also indicated a significant decrease in direct bilirubin in the treated group when compared to the normal and positive control groups (P>0.05). Significant decrease was also recorded in the mean serum direct bilirubin level in the group 2 compared to the normal and positive control groups (P<0.05). These results show that ethanol extracts ofP. amarus and A.paniculata leaves could inhibit the oxidative stress that would have been caused by cadmium toxicity, therefore, the two plants leaves are hepatoprotective in nature and could be used as an hepatoprotective agents.
The Implication of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Nnamaka Uzoma Chidoka
Published: February 2022

The shortage of domestic savings needed for investments and the import requirements necessary for a certain production level and earnings from foreign exchange has made the inflow of foreign aid necessary to drive growth in a developing nation like Nigeria. The objective of this study therefore is to investigate the implication of foreign aid on economic growth in Nigeria for a 40- year time period spanning from 1981 to 2020. Time series data on gross domestic product, official development assistance and technical cooperation grant were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the World Development Indicators database. The Unit root test, Co-integration test and Error Correction technique were employed as the main analytical tools in the study. The variables were stationary at first difference, according to the Augmented Dickey Fuller stationarity test. The results of the Johansen co-integration test indicated that the variables have a long-term association. The ECM result showed that ODA has a positive relationship with economic growth (GDP) in Nigeria. Also, TCG positively impacted economic growth in Nigeria for the period covered by the study. The impact of ODA and TCG were however not statistically significant. Hence, it was concluded that foreign aid did not significantly drive economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the empirical findings of this study, the following recommendations were made; government should ensure that the official development assistance received from international donors is channeled to developmental projects which should be monitored closely to ensure that they are efficiently utilized. Also, the inflow of technical grant should be encouraged to ensure human capital development and sustain growth in Nigeria. Finally, sound policies should be put in place to enable Nigeria transition from being a recipient of foreign aid to being a donor country.
Arima-garch Modeling of Monthly Crude Oil Prices Volatility from Nigeria
Authors: Ngome Eke, Charles
Published: February 2022

This research work, studied the hybrid of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models that best fit monthly crude oil price volatility of Nigeria between January, 2010 to March, 2021. The study collected secondary data from quarterly Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, June, 2021 on monthly crude oil price of Nigeria to compute the monthly crude oil price returns. The ARIMA-GARCH modeling was adopted for this work. The series was tested for stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller test. Several ARIMA -GARCH models were applied to the monthly crude oil price returns to ascertain the best fit model for the series. The ARIMA (2, 0, 5)-GARCH(1,4) model was selected as the best fit for the data since it has minimum values of Akaike Information Criteria and Mean Squared Errors. The forecasted period showed a crude oil price with an unstable monthly crude oil price returns. Therefore, the government of Nigeria was advised to be conservative when planning with revenue from crude oil sales in future.
Evaluation of the Dietary Pattern of Rural Residents in the South of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Borba Brenda Gersanti , Silverio Alicia Pupin , Sodré Amaral Pedro Ivo , Ardisson Miranda Lidiane Paula , Caetani Machado Simone , Pupin Silvério Alessandra Cristina
Published: February 2022

Objective: We tried to learn about the eating habits and their possible consequences on the health of rural residents in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil in view of the importance of knowing dietary habits in the face of globalization and the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods: For this, 1344 people were stratified and interviewed between January 2015 and November 2019, individuals aged 18 years or over, working or residing in the rural area of ​​the micro-region studied were included. Epidemiological, anthropometric and clinical data and assessment of dietary pattern were collected. A survey built and validated by Vigitel was used, and the interviewees received scores referring to food consumption in recent weeks. Thus, they were divided into 3 groups, according to their score, with the highest scoring tertile classified as “adequate”, the medium tertile as “intermediate” and the lowest as “inadequate”.

Results: As a result, most interviewees were men (62.7%), overweight (54.03%), between 44.1 years old, and the average educational level of 6.64 years. Women had higher averages of schooling time and higher values ​​of BMI and waist circumference when compared to males. In addition, a higher percentage of women fit the high dietary pattern when compared to men. Most respondents (54.03%) were classified as overweight, followed by normal weight (41.8%) and underweight (4.06%) when assessing BMI. Older age and level of education varied and were associated to a better quality of diet. It is remarkable that the eating habits of the rural population are increasingly like those in urban areas. Even with better food quality, women have worse anthropometric indices than men. Even though food consumption has changed, it does not appear in the habits of older people.

Conclusion: However, it is concluded that public policies that promote healthy eating for rural residents are needed.
COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor Characteristics: Correlation with Blood Group, Age, Gender, Symptoms and their Association with SARS CoV-2 Antibody Levels: A Bi-centric Study from India
Authors: Dogra Mitu , Setia Rasika , Pathak Sangeeta , Prasath Thangavel Gokhula , Chakraborty Tamojit , Singh Surjit , Handoo Anil
Published: February 2022

Background: Understanding demographics and collection characteristics of Convalescent Plasma (CP) donors is the corner stone for maintaining a viable inventory of high titre CP products in an acute-crisis setting. The Specific objectives of this study were to find a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 antibody level with age, gender and blood group in CP donors.

Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective study was conducted at blood centres of two multispecialty hospitals in Delhi from 1st November 2020 to 31st January 2021. 936 consenting COVID-19 recovered individuals were screened and underwent a medical interview for eligibility for CP donation from both blood centres, of which 750 qualified for CP collection. 400/ 750 (53.3%) CP donations were from centre A and 350/750 (46.7%) were from centre B. Donor characteristics data for both centres was retrieved from the blood bank donor management database and records from both the centres.

Results: The results of this study revealed that majority were males 727 (96.93%) and 23 (3.07%) were females with mean age was 35.09±8.7 years. 41-50 years showed higher median SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of the 936 donors screened for CP collection, 186 donors got deferred due to various reasons, resulting in a mean deferral rate of 19.87%. The commonest reason (15.05%) was absence of detectable/low SARS CoV-2 antibodies. Group-wise median antibody levels were AB>B>A>O at both centres. Moderate correlation (correlation coefficient =0.721) between number of symptoms and SARS CoV-2 antibody levels was observed; high symptom scores showed high SARS CoV-2 antibodies values (correlation coefficient=0.721; p < 0.00001). The individual symptom-wise predictors like fever (p= 0.002) and acute gastroenteritis (GE) or (GE-like syndrome) (p < 0.001) were positive predictors for high SARS CoV-2 antibodies. Cold (p = 0.006) and absence of symptoms (p = 0.060) were negative predictors. To summarize a collective significant effect exists between the symptoms and SARS CoV-2 antibody levels. Donors with symptoms like fever and GE or GE like syndrome showed significantly higher SARS Cov-2 antibodies. Female donors as compared to male donor, donors in age group of 41-50 years and donors with blood group AB compared with other groups had higher median levels of SARS CoV-2 antibodies.

Conclusion: Awareness of CP donor characteristics, post-screening deferrals, and correlates of antibody values with age, symptoms and blood group will help improve collection outcomes and give better preparedness for future recurrent waves due to evolution of more virulent SARS-CoV-2 strains and fill treatment gap till availability of more specific treatment.
Miliary Tuberculosis with Cutaneous Affectations and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in Infant: Case Report in Mexico
Authors: Reyes Ivonne Juarez , Vidal Jose Alfredo Vidal , Tellez Virginia Lora , Hernandez Ma. Fabiola Del Carmen Lara , Macip Magdalena Molina , Hernandez Alejandra Silva , Guillen Patricia Daniela Gogeascoechea , Zepeda Brenda Mariel Valerdi , Peraza Angie Giovanna Velasco , González Froylan Eduardo Hernandez Lara
Published: February 2022

Aims: To describe an infant presenting with miliary tuberculosis with cutaneous affectations and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection.

Presentation of Case: 10 month old boy, with incomplete vaccination. Low Socio-economic status. The parents indicated, that lesion began with a single small, erythematous, non-pruritic, papule-type skin lesion on the left side of the infralabial region, with no other constitutional. During the following three months, the lesions became generalized. On June 23, 2020, he was admitted to the “Hospital para el Niño Poblano” in emergency area with mild malnutrition, lethargic state, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, oral candidiasis, and septic shock, requiring endotracheal intubation. Besides, innumerable acid fast bacilli in skin biopsy and bronchial aspirate with diagnosis cutaneous TB was, identified. Immunodeficiency based on immunoglobulin profile and T and B cell markers. RT-PCR was performed for SARS-CoV-2 in bronchial aspirate, with a positive result. On June 25, 2020 died of cardiorespiratory arrest, secondary to septic shock and cutaneous tuberculosis.

Discussion: Miliary TB in infants is difficult to diagnose in addition the cutaneous manifestation has added onto the long list of differentials, and downplay others, generating inappropriate and delayed treatment. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 can intensify the clinical manifestations of miliary tuberculosis and directly influencing the mortality of this type of patients.

Conclusion: The case described is rare, which reveals the importance to perform a differentiated diagnosis, considering Socio-economic and epidemiological context mainly in the first level of care. It is recommended to continue with research in order to generate information on the possible clinical pictures.
Antagonistic Effects of Different Soil Isolate Bio-agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense TR4 In vitro and Molecular Characterizations
Authors: Chand Kewal , Singh S. K. , Meena Ranjana , Nain Yogita , Verma Sushma
Published: February 2022

Bananas are the earliest fruit crop cultivated by humans from ancient times in India and have great social-economic importance, merged with the country's cultural heritage. Different bio-agents were isolated from the rhizosphere of wilt affected banana plants cultivar Grand naine on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 areas of Bihar. All isolated bio-agents were tested against FOC TR4 in vitro condition by dual culture technique. The maximum inhibition over control at 10 days of inoculation was recorded in Trichoderma asperellum 1(Tr1) (64.82%), followed by Trichoderma asperellum 2(Tr2) (62.70%), Aspergillus flavus (35.00%) and minimum in Penicillium chrysogenum (22.62%). The result clearly showed that in vitro Trichoderma asperellum 1 was highly effective while Penicillium chrysogenum was found least effective antagonistic against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 in vitro. Molecular characterizations of two morphologically different Trichoderma spp. were identified as two different strains of Trichoderma asperellum 1 and Trichoderma asperellum 2.
Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Selected Quoted Food and Beverages Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Sunday David , Olojede Samson Olusola
Published: February 2022

Capital structure decisions remain the fundamental financing decision in the corporate world. The decision affects both financial performance of firms and returns accrued to providers of capital. Therefore, in order to determine the blend of capitals that maximizes firm’s performance, this study investigates the impact of capital structure on firm’s performance in the food and beverages manufacturing industries in Nigeria. We adopted an ex-post factor research design which involves the use of cross sectional time series data extracted from the audited annual accounts of ten food and beverages industries quoted in the Nigeria stock exchange covering the period of six years (2012 – 2017). To measure the strength of association between the variables, Pearson moment correlation analysis was used and the result revealed that size of firm and equity are positively correlated with financial performance. However, from the panel regression results, we found out that Debt finance significantly impacted the performance of the industries (ROCE, ROA, and EPS) negatively. While the impact Firms size have on the selected food and beverages industries was relatively low, Equity finance contributed hugely and positively to the performance of the firm. This study therefore concludes that investment financed by equity increases the value of firm more than when it is financed through debt. Based on the findings, the study, therefore recommends that firms should consider taking debts with lower cost to avoid erosion of shareholders’ value and the risk of bankruptcy. Furthermore, due to manipulative tendencies in reporting profits, financial performance measurement should be based on share prices rather than accounting profits.
A Study of Clinical Profile and Outcome of Status Epilepticus in Children Aged 1 Month to 18 Years
Authors: Maheswara Y. , Vagha Jayant
Published: February 2022

Background: A common neurological emergency in children is Status epilepticus which, if not treated immediately, may trigger marked neuro morbidity and mortality and hence will need immediate and aggressive management. The neurological outcome worsens in a child as the time taken to control seizures increases and it becomes harder to terminate the seizures. This attempts to explain clinical profile and development of children with convulsive status epilepticus        coming to rural hospital in central India and assess the effect of drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus.

Methodology: This Prospective Cross-sectional Study will be conducted in the paediatric intensive care unit Department of Paediatrics, PICU, AVBRH, Wardha. Parameters like clinical presentations, clinical signs, duration and types of status epilepticus, investigations used to diagnose status epilepticus, drugs (anti-epileptic drugs), immediate outcome, effect of drugs used to control seizures will be recorded. Data will be analysed using Chi- square test and independent t-test as applicable. Univariate analysis will be used for testing the influence of different variables in the outcome of present study.

Expected Results: Many factors like age, type and time period of status epilepticus, cause, treatment and corresponding comorbidities determine the end result in status epilepticus. From this study, we expect to get significant evidences to explain profile of cases of convulsive status epilepticus.

Conclusion: Outcomes of status epilepticus are determined by factors like age, time period, cause, treatment and associated comorbidities.
Analysing the Role of Platelet Rich Plasma As Biological Stimulator for Cartilage Regeneration: An Experimental Study
Authors: Chhatbar Kuldeep , Srivastava Sandeep
Published: February 2022

Background: In articular cartilage defects and degenerative cartilage lesions, platelet-rich plasma(PRP) is increasingly used. PRP is an autologous concentration of platelets containing a high number of  factors which are responsible for growth. In the healing, recovery and acceleration of biochemical processes, these growth factors play a role in reducing the pain associated with joint injuries. The latest world research shows excellent results in reducing pain by using PRP and it has tremendous scope in reducing the knee pain as well as in  regeneration of the articular cartilage. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of Autologous PRP as biologic stimulator for Cartilage Regeneration in Rabbit Model.

Method: This will be a prospective experimental study carried out on 10 rabbits at Animal House in JNMC, Wardha. Osteoarthritis will be induced in the rabbits by destruction of articular cartilage. Then  platelet rich plasma therapy. Will be given to induce the regeneration of the cartilage.

Expected Results: Evidence of regeneration of articular cartilage in rabbits with osteoarthritis  through Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy.
Study Protocol for Process Evaluation of Health and Wellness Center Programme in Bhandara District of Maharashtra
Authors: Ambekar Shrikant Madhukar , Quazi S. Z. , Gaidhane Abhay , Uikey Prashant
Published: February 2022

Background: Ayushman Bharat programme, which was started by Government of India in 2018-19, has two components. First component is up gradation of existing primary health centres and sub centres in to Health and Wellness centers (HWCs), which will deliver comprehensive primary health care services at government facility level in rural area within no more than 30 minutes. Non-Communicable disease services is the integral part of comprehensive primary care. This study aims to assess availability and readiness of Health and Wellness centres at sub centres for provision of Non communicable disease Services in rural area of Bhandara district and to assess utilization of Non communicable disease Services in rural area of Bhandara district.

Methodology: This implementation research will be conducted in Health and Wellness Sub centers from rural areas of Bhandara district. It will include the facility assessment of Sub centers. Household survey will be conducted by a stratified multi-stage sampling design using Digital questionnaire Standardized and validated Facility survey Tool, Service delivery Tool and Household survey Tools. Data will be analyzed using STATA-14 software.

Expected Results: Increase in coverage and utilization of Non communicable disease Services in Health and Wellness Centre Subcenters in rural area and reduction in out of pocket expenditure of villagers is expected.

Conclusion: The proposed component of NCD services matches well with health and wellness programme targets in district and is helpful in delivery of non-communicable disease services in rural areas.
Obesity Management via Herbal Approach: A Review
Authors: Singh Lakhwinder , Bhatti Manisha
Published: February 2022

Obesity is a one of the metabolic disorders which mainly occur due to the variation in balance between energy consumption and energy usage and furthermore, this disease associated with various other pathological states in obese person such as problems associated with CVS, CNS, Hormonal disorder like diabetes etc. So, it has become essential to monitor the overweight in reliable manner. There are different ways of obesity management but masses are eager to those standard ways which are cost effective with minimum side effects. In present era the plant-based approach is most widely famous for the control of obesity as this therapy consider with less side effects and efficient to reduce the weight of the obese people. This present review emphasised on plant-based approach to manage obesity.
Analysis of the Bed-occupancy, Utilization and Turnover Rate of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, India
Authors: Shahu Shivani , Shinde Vitthal , Gudhe Vandana
Published: February 2022

Background: Hospital expenses in healthcare system are the key component of health care. For this reason, investment is the main objective of increased expenditure in healthcare sector, expertise. As a developing country, India has had in order to face many economic and political difficulties. For administrative department as well as policy makers of hospital there is a big question of improper exploitation of hospital assets. This improper utilization is mainly affected by three factors which are patients related, administration related and physician related problems. Social and financial position of patients is responsible for inappropriate utilization of beds and it is considered as patient related factor. This study aims to assess the Bed-Occupancy, Utilization and Turnover Rate, assess problems in utilization and recommend the measures to improve.

Methodology: This will be a Record based cross sectional retrospective study conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha. Data will be gathered from the AVBRH medical record section.

Results: Indices for Bed occupancy rate, average length of stay, Bed turnover rats will be obtained. Data will be analysed with appropriate statistical tests.

Conclusion: Causes for underutilization, low bed occupancy and turnover rate will be revealed and necessary improvement measures will be recommended.
Estimation of Correlation between Quetelet’s Index and Nottingham Prognostic Index in Patients of Carcinoma Breast: A Study Protocol
Authors: Wajpeyi Ketki , Vagha Sunita , Shukla Samarth
Published: February 2022

Background: Carcinoma breast is the most prevalent neoplasm in women with the highest death rate associated with cancer worldwide. In Indian women, breast cancer ranks first, followed by cervical cancer, with its incidence increasing day by day. Obesity is an important modifiable causative factor of carcinoma breast, associated with a greater chance of contracting breast cancer, and with worse prognosis in women of all age groups. It exhibits a state of chronic-inflammation, adipokine-imbalance, insulin-resistance and increased oestrogen-signalling. This pro-tumorigenic environment stimulates cancer deveoplment through abnormal proliferation and survival of breast tissue. Quetelet’s Index is the most commonly used index to classify obesity, whereas the Nottingham Prognostic Index is the most widely used index for longevity assessment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. This study estimates the correlation between Quetelet’s index with Nottingham Prognostic Index.

Methods: This prospective observational study will be to be conducted in the Department of Pathology, JNMC, Wardha and AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha in coordination with the Department of General Surgery. Total 35 cases of Carcinoma Breast undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy will be included in the study. Clinicopathological and anthropometric data of patients will be collected. The Quetelet’s Index and the Nottingham Prognostic Index will be determined for each patient and data will be analyzed with appropriate statistical tests to estimate the correlation between them.

Results: Statistically significant correlation is expected between Quetelet’s Index and the Nottingham Prognostic Index.

Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn on positive/negative correlation of Quetelet’s Index with different parameters of Nottingham’s Prognostic Index.
Comparison of Hand Grip Strength among Health Care Workers and Students
Authors: Kumaran N. Adhishwar , Sugumar N. , Subramani Niraimathy Nyorai Velu , Jagadeesh B.
Published: February 2022

Background: The information is gathered from a wide spectrum of health-care professionals, including medical students, nurses, and doctors. The study takes place at SMCH in Chennai. For students and health workers, the offered data is also utilized to compare handgrip strength between right and left handgrip. MATLAB software is used to analyze hand grip strength among health care personnel and students, and the results are far more efficient than traditional methods.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare hand grip strength in South Indian health care workers and students under normal and sex impact situations.

Methodology: A grip strength test will almost certainly be performed if you consult an occupational or physical therapist for any problem involving weakness. A hand-held dynamometer is commonly used to assess grip strength. The patient squeezes the dynamometer three times with each hand, using all of their strength. The comparison of different types of data will be analyzed in the proposed method by using MATLAB software.

Results: This is the first study to develop models for evaluating the strength of different types of hand grips. Gender is the most important demographic variable to include when analyzing models. The comparison analysis resulting in images shows the value of each comparison. When compared to the non-dominant and left hands, the dominant and right hands demonstrated superior grip strength. Regular assessments of hand grip strength, hand anthropometric characteristics, and hand disability level are recommended as part of routine examinations in order to detect the amount of physical disability.

Conclusion: Gender is the most important demographic variable in comparison of models. Although power grip strength is common in many sports, it may not be a strong predictor of thumb push and ball of thumb strength. The students and the health care workers are classified and their hand grip strength is calculated successfully. For convenience and time savings, there are two types of hand strength.
Comparative Evaluation of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract in Chair Side Disinfection of Gutta Percha Cones: An In vitro Study
Authors: Rangarajan Shenbagam , Srinivasan Manali Ramakrishnan , Poorni Saravanan , Duraivel D. , Nishanthine C. , Rakshagan V.
Published: February 2022

Background: Microbial contamination of gutta percha (GP) cones can be harmful for the success of endodontic therapy. A rapid chair side disinfection is preferred to avoid secondary infection.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 20% and 100% garlic extract with 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% Glutaraldehyde in rapid disinfection of GP.

Materials and Methods: GP were immersed in prepared suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The cones were disinfected in 5.25%NaoCl, 2% glutaraldehyde, 20% garlic extract and 100% garlic extract for 1 and 5 minutes. The cones were then transferred to sterile test tubes containing 1ml sterile saline and vortexed vigorously for 5minutes. 100µl of the saline suspension plated onto Brain heart infusion agar by spread plate method. The plates were incubated for 24-48 hours at 37˚C and the total colony forming units/ml were calculated.

Results: Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed post hoc Tukey test. There was no statistically significant difference among 5.25% NaOCl, 100% garlic extract and 2% glutaraldehyde.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, 100% garlic extract possesses superior antibacterial activity when compared with 2% glutaraldehyde and 20% garlic extract and similar effect as 5.25% NaOCl.
Pharmaceutical Standardization of Palasha Kshara (Alkali Extract of Butea monosperma Lam.) Prepared from Two Combinations
Authors: Jaiswal Meenakshi , Wanjari Anita , Rathi Bharat , Rajput Dhirajsingh S. , Khan Mujahid , Sonare Makarand , Kohale Anup , Bhake Arvind
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Standardization in herbal pharmaceuticals is needed in order to ensure their quality and acceptability of final medicament prepared from them. There are many plants have been suggested in the compendia for Kshara (alkali extract) preparation. Acharya Bhavamishra coined the name of plant Palasha (Butea monosperma Lam.) as Kshara Shresta means the one which is best of all Kshara. Generally all parts of plant together (Panchanga) have been suggested to be used for Kshara preparation in the texts. But considering the unavailability of all parts of the Palasha throughout the year this study has been designed to standardize the Palasha Kshara prepared from two combinations.

Aim and Objectives: Pharmaceutical and analytical standardization of Palasha Kshara PK-1 and PK-2 prepared from two combinations.

PK-1 is the Palasha Kshara prepared from combination of ashes of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits.

PK-2 is the Palasha Kshara prepared from combination of ashes of roots, stems and leaves.

Observation and Results:  The total yield percentage of PK-1 and PK-2 were 20.757% and 4.067% respectively. Both PK-1 and PK-2 were found alkaline in nature having ph value of 10.44 and 10.47 respectively. The ICPAES study of both PK-1 and PK-2 reveals maximum amount of potassium in them (41.65% and 47.51% respectively.) Heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium were not detected or were found to be within acceptable ranges. The XRD study reveals presence of more functional groups in PK-2 than PK-1. The observed crystallanity of PK-1 was more (87.5%) than PK-2 (84.6%).

Discussion and Conclusion: Two varieties of Palasha Kshara were made in this study using two different combinations of ashes. This was an attempt to identify the need of Kshara prepared from all five parts of Panchanga) over the Kshara prepared from three parts (roots, stems and leaves) and standardize them pharmaceutically and analytically.
Comparative Evaluation of the Stress Distribution and Transverse Displacement of the Circummaxillary Sutural System by Four Different Designs of Rapid Maxillary Expansion Appliances Using 3D Finite Element model: A Study Protocol
Authors: Lakhe Pratiksha , Jhaveri Smit , Nasre Ashish
Published: February 2022

Background: In adolescent patient’s Rapid maxillary skeletal expansion (RME) is used with predictable clinical results for correcting transverse maxillary skeletal contraction. During RME, heavy force is directed towards the maxillary skeletal base. These forces also have effect on the palatal bone, adjacent skeletal structures and dentition. Tooth supported RME apply significant pressure on the teeth leading to varying amount of buccal inclination of premolars and molars and dental expansion. Implant assisted expanders take skeletal anchorage thus minimizing or negating the effect of heavy pressure on the teeth and supporting structures. Finite Element Analysis is a form of computer simulation. It is a non-invasive, precise method for obtaining quantitative and comprehensive knowledge about the physiological responses that occur in tissues. It outperforms other experimental methods because it creates a three-dimensional model that allows for simulation and analysis of orthodontic force systems in all three dimensions.

Objective: The present study intends to make an assessment of four different RME designs (Banded HYRAX, Banded MARPE, MSE expander, Orthoeasy PAL expander) in terms of distribution of stress in the circummaxillary Sutural system and resulting displacement of the bones in the craniofacial complex upon activation of the respective appliance.

Methodology: CBCT scan data of an adolescent patient will be taken from archives of a reputed scan centre. 3D skull model will be generated using CBCT data and .stl/ DICOM format will be converted into Finite Element model. The different types of RME appliances will be designed over the FE model. The expanders will be activated and the stresses generated at the sites of interest would be studied.

Results: The study is expected to permit a clinician to select the design of RME appliances, which will produce suitable stress and displacement that will help to increase transverse width of maxilla to correct the underlying skeletal discrepancy.

Conclusion: This study will help to arrive at a conclusion about which designs of RME will best suit clinical application of mechanics for orthopaedic expansion in a particular case.
Mother’s Knowledge on Neonatal Danger Signs and Health Seeking Behaviour in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Thandalam, India
Authors: Prageetha K. , Kumutha .
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to find out mother’s knowledge on neonatal danger signs and health seeking behaviour in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among mother’s of infant(below 1 year) attending Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam between January 2021 to April 2021. A semi structured questionnaire was used in this study. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel. The chi square values were determined, P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Among the 273 respondents,102(37.36%)of mothers were found to have good knowledge on neonatal dangersigns.161 mothers had sick neonate who need medical attention. Of the 161, 146 (90.68%) mothers sought health facility for help and had their baby treated. Factors that were significantly associated with mother’s knowledge on neonatal danger signs were mother’s educational status and occupation, income, husband’s involvement in antenatal and reproductive service, information on neonatal danger signs given after delivery. Significant associated factors for safe health seeking behaviour were mother’s educational status, AN check up, PNC follow up, husband’s involvement, good knowledge on neonatal danger signs.

Conclusion: The study shows that 37.36% of mothers had good knowledge on neonatal danger signs and 90.68% had safe health seeking behaviour. Despite the low knowledge on neonatal danger signs, mother’s health seeking behaviour was better (90.68%) which might be due to their good antenatal check up, postnatal follow up.
Short-term Effect of Mirror Therapy and Mobilization in Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jagadeesh Rajkrishnan , Srivastava Saumya
Published: February 2022

Background: Frozen Shoulder, also known as Adhesive Capsulitis is the developing of dense adhesions, joint capsule thickening and capsular restrictions in the joint along with diminished glenoid cavity. Primary adhesive capsulitis most commonly affects individuals between 40 to 60 years of age.  A number of treatment techniques exists for the improvement of adhesive capsulitis whereas Mirror Therapy is a recent technique designed to improve adhesive capsulitis.

Objective: To compare the short-term effect of Mirror Therapy and Maitland Mobilization in stage 1 & 2 adhesive capsulitis.

Methodology: The study is a randomized controlled trial which included 34 subjects of the age group 40-60, and were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A (n=17) and Group B (n=17). The Group A was given Mirror Therapy with conventional physical therapy while group B was given Maitland Mobilization with conventional physical therapy. Outcome measure were taken at baseline, and then taken on last day of seventh session by using VAS, ROM, DASH. The treatment was given for 7 sessions over a period of two weeks.

Results: The results show that on comparison of pre and post intervention values within each group, both the groups produced statistically significant difference (p<0.05). On comparison between the groups, ROM shows statistically significant difference(p<0.05) compared to VAS and DASH.

Conclusion: The current study results shows that Mirror Therapy is better than Maitland Mobilization in terms of relieving pain, improving functional activity and increasing range of motion.

Clinical Trials Registration No. CTRI/2020/09/027576.
Effect of Sensory Integration, Neurodevelopmental Therapy and Behavioral Therapy on Overall Development in a Child with Cerebral Palsy: An Interesting Case Report
Authors: Deshmukh Tanushree , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Qureshi Mohammed Irshad , Dadgal Ragini , Timothy Rebecca , Samal Snehal
Published: February 2022

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a collection of conditions that impact a person's ability to move, balance, and maintain posture. Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects the motor portion of the brain's outer layer, which controls muscular movement. The cerebral motor cortex hasn't formed normally in some situations throughout fetal development. In certain cases, the impairment is caused by a brain injury that occurred before, during, or after delivery. In either situation, the damage is irreversible, and the resulting disabilities are permanent. The nature and intensity of CP symptoms vary from one person to the next, and they can even alter over time. Depending on whether areas of the brain have been affected, symptoms might vary widely from person to person. Cerebral palsy affects mobility and posture in all persons, and some people may have intellectual disabilities, seizures, odd bodily feelings or perceptions, and other medical issues. People with CP may also have vision or hearing impairments, as well as language and speaking issues. The present case report is of a child of 2.5 years old. She came with complaints of difficulty in sit to stand, standing with maximum assistance, very minimal standing balance, requires total assistance in walking. She was also having some sensory and behavioral issues reported by parents like trying to catch her own shadow, blabbering among herself. She was assessed, treatment including Sensory integration and Neurodevelopmental therapy was given to her for a period of 6 months. Baby improved profoundly well.
Research Protocol of NDT- Bobath and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Alone, to Improve Trunk Control, Balance, and Gait Parameters in Post-Stroke Patients – A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Saifee Sakina , Kovela Rakesh Krishna
Published: February 2022

Background: The majority of stroke survivors suffer from a lifelong disability. Spasticity on the affected side and loss of balance are the common deficits mainly responsible for the impaired postural alignment, trunk control, and gait in stroke patients. Earlier studies have proven that Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is not much effective than Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT)- Bobath and Bobath is not effective alone to provide impressive results in stroke patients. Hence, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the combined impact of both techniques and compare them to PNF alone in trunk control, balance, and gait parameters in stroke survivors.

Methods: Total 30 stroke patients will be recruited by the study by considering the inclusion criteria and They will be split into two equal groups, A and B. Group A will receive the combined therapy of PNF and NDT-Bobath and group B will be treated with the PNF alone. The study will be carried out for 6 months. Outcome measures that are The Berg Balance scale (BBS), Trunk impairment scale (TIS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Gait parameters will be utilised to evaluate stroke patients before and after the study.

Results: The expected result will show whether the combined therapy of NDT-Bobath and PNF can help you improve trunk control, balance, and gait in patients with stroke and will it be better than the PNF therapy alone.

Conclusion: If the study proves that NDT—Bobath and PNF is effective in enhancing trunk control, balance and gait parameters, it will be a valuable insight into the available literature and thus helps physiotherapists to choose the combined approach in future. If PNF alone proves to be effective then it will save the time and helps the physiotherapist to frame goals according to PNF alone.
Evaluation of Sodium Valproate-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protective Role of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) and Silymarin in Adult Albino Rats
Authors: Mehdar Khlood M.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Drugs hepatotoxicity is one of the most prevalent problems seen in medical practice. Many medications are linked to hepatotoxicity, including acetaminophen, tamoxifen and sodium valproate (VPA). The objective of this study is to investigate the preventive impact of silymarin (SIL) and /or vitamin C (Vit.C) on hepatotoxic Sodium Valproate in albino Rats.  

Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into six groups; group (I): normal control, group (II): VPA 700 mg/kg,  group (III): VPA + SIL 50 mg/kg, group (IV): VPA+ Vit.C 50 mg/kg and group (VI): VPA + SIL +Vit.C, VPA. The animals were killed after 14 days, and livers were taken for histological and biochemical analysis.

Results: After 14 days, animals were sacrificed, and livers were collected for histopathologic examination and biochemical assessment. VPA group exhibited a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Liver sections showed loss of normal pattern of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, congested central vein and fatty infiltration. Each of ascorbic acid and silymarin partially improved the histological pattern of the liver. When they were combined together, they depict marked improvement in the measured parameters and showed normal liver sections.

Conclusion: silymarin (SIL) and /or vitamin C (Vit.C) has hepatoprotective effects against VPA induced toxicity on liver.
Gene Expression Analysis of Specific Genes Related to Genomic Stability in Colon Cancer Cell Lines - A Resource for Cancer Research
Authors: Alamro Ghadah , Almousa Norah , Almusallam Jamilah , Watyan Maram Bin , Alghamdi Sara , Al- Jabr Sadeem , Alqahtani Nada , Aldbass Abeer , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Daihan Sooad Al
Published: February 2022

Appropriate cell models are the foundation of cancer research as all the cell lines are not the same in their ability to mimic primary tumor tissue. Molecular characteristics of various cell lines can help in selecting the right cell model for biomedical studies.  This study describes the gene expression profile of nine genes, include the six-protein shelterin complex, tankyrases1and 2, and CTNNB1 in three different models of human colon cancer cell lines. Also, the relative telomere length in each cell line was evaluated. All genes' expression levels were analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nearly all test genes were significantly highly expressed in HT-29 as compared to HCT-116 and SW-620. SW-620 record a significantly increased expression of the  CTNNB1 gene (P-value < 0.01) while most genes were poorly expressed in HCT-116. A positive correlation between CTNNB1 and hTERT expression was found in HCT-116 and SW-620 but not in HT-29. Telomere was found to be of the same length in all cell.  Gene expression data presented in our results can assist in selecting appropriate cell lines in colon cancer research. Unique molecular properties of various cancer cell lines should be   evaluated before selecting a cell line mmodelfor research purposes.
Comparison of Preauricular Versus Retromandibular Approach in the Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures
Authors: Lavina . , Ayub Tahera , Kumari Bharti , Kumar Raj , Abro Babar , Hassan Syed Ghazanfar , Shams Salman
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the rate of complications encountered on using different incision to access the fracture site for the open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures.

Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS

Subject and Methods: A total 64 patients with unilateral condyle fractures were randomly treated into two groups. Thirty two patients in group A were treated with preauricular incision and 32 were treated with Retro mandibular incision. Patients were followed for period of upto six months for assessment of complications of facial nerve injury such as: salivary fistula and hypertrophic scar formation.

Results: The average age of the patients was 31.66±9.40 years. Rate of facial nerve palsy was significantly high in group A than group B (18.75% vs. 6.25%; p=0.021) similarly, the rate of salivary fistula and scar formation were also significantly high in group A as compare to groups B (12.5% vs. 1.56% p=0.026) and (14.06% vs. 1.56%;p=0.013) respectively.  

Conclusion: The retromandibular approach is more suitable for the lower level condylar neck fractures, providing a direct visual field and wide, straight-line access for implant fixation at this region.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Review
Authors: Mittal Ankit , Jain Siddharth , Ambade Ratnakar , Landge Suhas
Published: February 2022

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is now the most debatable ligamentous injury. It has been widely researched over the last 25 years all over the world. Over the last few decades, ACL repair surgery has advanced significantly. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a well-accepted and well-established surgical treatment for ACL injuries that are becoming more popular worldwide. The timing of restoration and rehabilitation is critical for a successful outcome. Because each type of transplant has distinct benefits and drawbacks, it is critical to carefully pick the graft for each patient. Ultimately, the surgical procedure should adhere to the fundamental principles of ACL biomechanics and anatomy to ensure proper graft location and a positive clinical result. The present review of literature provides the comprehensive search (various databases such as PubMed, PubMed central, google, google scholar, Scopus, science-direct, etc.) ranging from its history, mechanism, clinical examination, and reconstruction of ACL to its latest development.