bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La beauté : L'attention qui lui est allouée en phase de recrutement
Authors: Garner-Moyer Hélène
Published: April 2011

Résumé La beauté est un atout considérable dans les ressources humaines tant les stéréotypes positifs qui lui sont associées sont valorisés dans les sociétés occidentales. Elle modifie les itinéraires professionnels des individus car elle influence leur insertion sur le marché du travail et leur carrière. L’apparence physique des individus doit donc être prise en considération par la gestion des ressources humaines car elle peut agir comme une variable de gestion. Il s’agit dans cette communication de préciser les mécanismes psycho sociaux sur lesquels repose l’influence de la beauté au moment du recrutement, d’évaluer son impact, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, et d’éclairer ces résultats du point de vue de la GRH. Un test de correspondances permettant de calculer des taux d’accès aux entretiens d’embauche a été réalisé afin de mesurer l’ampleur de la discrimination fondée sur la beauté. Les résultats de ce test montrent que non seulement la beauté de la candidate est, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, un critère de sélection des CV mais également un facteur de discrimination lorsque l’on compare les taux de convocation à un entretien obtenus au sein d’un même couple de candidates. Ce constat, dressé quelque soit le degré de contact du poste avec la clientèle, atteste que les critères esthétiques sont largement utilisés par les employeurs pour sélectionner les candidats. Le défi pour la GRH, et également pour l’ensemble de la société, est alors d’assurer concomitamment la liberté de recrutement des employeurs et l’égalité de traitement des candidats sur la base de critères d’évaluation objectifs de leurs compétences.
Le sens des responsabilités
Authors: Bibard Laurent
Published: April 2011

Résumé La transmission du sens de la responsabilité rencontre une tension structurelle entre désir parental sécurisant de transmettre le sens tout court à leurs enfants (manières de vivre, valeurs), et nécessaire libération de l’espace d’essai et d’apprentissage propre à l’exercice de leurs responsabilités par les jeunes et les futurs adultes. Il est ici examiné comment l’héritage d’une culture du contrôle où nous sommes exacerbe cette tension. Dans un contexte de questionnement de la notion d’autorité, il est souligné combien peu de place est laissée à l’apprentissage de la prise de responsabilité risquée. Les relations entre les sexes sont sans aucun doute à la racine de ces difficultés, tout autant que de leurs solutions possibles.
La transmission intergénérationnelle des talents par le mentoring épistolaire
Authors: Bourion Christian , Persson Sybil
Published: April 2011

Résumé Alors que les codes de conduite sont généralement déterminés à partir de normes morales et culturelles, cet article positionne le sujet à partir des sciences du danger (cindyniques) et plus particulièrement de la méthode des incidents critiques appliquée au comportement organisationnel. La recherche établit un ensemble de codes de conduite en vue de sécuriser les premières expériences professionnelles de futurs responsables en formation. Au plan empirique, elle puise dans 539 récits d’expériences à la lueur du protocole relatif aux incidents critiques. 204 situations critiques émergent du corpus et donnent lieu à une analyse lexicométrique à l’aide du logiciel Alceste 4.9 qui permet la mise à jour de 46 codes de conduite. Ces codes de conduite peuvent alors être intégrés dans les enseignements RH dispensés aux promotions suivantes.
Les aventures ambiguës du pouvoir traditionnel dans l'Afrique contemporaine
Authors: Foucher Vincent , Smith Étienne
Published: April 2011

résumés Les relations entre pouvoir moderne et pouvoir dit traditionnel en Afrique font l’objet de nombreux malentendus, qui tiennent à l’ambiguité constitutive de la notion de pouvoir « traditionnel » forgée à l’époque coloniale, incarnée notamment par la « chefferie ». Cet article examine les différentes modalités de relations entre le pouvoir d’État (colonial puis post-colonial) et ces pouvoirs que celui-ci s’est efforcé de combattre, d’associer, d’intégrer à ses rouages, de codifier, voire parfois de créer de toutes pièces. Malgré la diversité des configurations selon les époques et les régimes, des affinités électives ou non avec le processus démocratique, on remarque une tendance générale : la résilience - en termes de légitimité, plus que de pouvoir effectif - de ces autorités, certes subordonnées, mais avec lesquelles l’État a dû apprendre à négocier.
Thérapie familiale et troubles de la régulation émotionnelle
Authors: Duriez Nathalie
Published: April 2011

Mon travail avec les familles à transaction addictive m’amène à rencontrer des personnes borderline souffrant de graves troubles de la régulation émotionnelle. Pour mieux comprendre ces phénomènes, je propose dans cet article d’explorer le concept de régulation émotionnelle à partir des travaux de Scherer (1984, 2005), Gross (1998, 2002) et Philippot (2000). Selon le style d’attachement de la personne et les singularités des interactions familiales, les stratégies de régulation émotionnelle mémorisées sous forme de schémas depuis la petite enfance vont différer. A partir d’un cas clinique et de l’analyse de quelques extraits d’entretien, nous verrons comment les interventions empathiques du thérapeute peuvent aider certaines familles à lutter contre l’agressivité qui s’exprime spontanément quand ils ne contrôlent plus les situations anxiogènes. La thérapie familiale leur permet de faire l’expérience de nouveaux coping et de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation émotionnelle. La verbalisation des émotions, la construction de liens entre ces émotions identifiées et le comportement de chacun, l’évaluation des effets des émotions et du comportement dans les interactions familiales, l’identification d’un modèle circulaire des stratégies de régulation émotionnelle propres à la famille sont autant d’étapes qui pourront déboucher sur un changement systémique.
De la clinique à la recherche dans un centre de thérapie de couple et de famille
Authors: Carneiro Claudio , Darwiche Joëlle , de Roten Yves , Vaudan Christel , Duc Marwood Alessandra , Despland Jean-Nicolas
Published: April 2011

Cet article présente une recherche menée dans le cadre d’une consultation ambulatoire pour couples et familles. Les multiples niveaux impliqués dans une thérapie de couple ou de famille constituent une difficulté pour définir les variables pertinentes permettant d’évaluer l’efficacité d’une intervention thérapeutique systémique. Le but de notre recherche est d’évaluer l’efficacité à court et moyen terme d’une intervention systémique brève (ISB), qui consiste en un suivi thérapeutique de six séances maximum, en évaluant son impact au niveau de : (1) la symptomatologie individuelle ; (2) la satisfaction conjugale ; (3) la qualité des relations parentale et co-parentale et (4) le fonctionnement familial global. Les différents niveaux sont évalués par des auto-questionnaires avant et après l’ISB ainsi qu’après trois mois de catamnèse. L’alliance thérapeutique est également mesurée par auto-questionnaire (WAI) après chaque séance. Les premiers résultats sur un échantillon pilote de N = 10 couples/familles montrent, d’une part, une efficacité globale de l’ISB pour la plupart des variables mesurées, et, d’autre part, une efficacité plus grande pour les femmes que pour les hommes. Aucun effet thérapeutique n’est observé pour la symptomatologie individuelle des hommes et pour le fonctionnement familial global, suggérant que l’impact de l’ISB diffère selon les niveaux mesurés. L’importance de l’alliance thérapeutique pour la réussite thérapeutique est également confirmée.
Guidance parentale et respect de l'intimité
Authors: Duffour-Nikolov Catherine , Vannotti Marco
Published: April 2011

Des parents semblent ignorer la limite entre ce que l’on est en droit de montrer et ce que l’on doit traiter avec pudeur. Une sorte d’ambiguïté les amène à être négligents et par là à tolérer des comportements ou des propos grivois de leurs enfants ou à en rire. Les thérapeutes sont invités à entreprendre un travail pédagogique de guidance parentale quand les frontières de l’intime sont floues et quand la confusion touche les jeunes devenant vulnérables et symptomatiques. Les auteurs exposent un cas d’anorexie chez une adolescente, dont la souffrance se trouve masquée par une série de comportements désinhibés. La surexcitation qui en découle peut apparaître comme une solution défensive pour lutter contre la dépression liée à l’expérience de séparation et de deuil. Pour favoriser la construction de représentations des territoires de l’intime plus respectueuses de la vulnérabilité des adolescents, les auteurs ont aussi proposé la sculpture familiale.
Utilisation des concepts de déconstruction et différance de Jacques Derrida en thérapie narrative avec des couples concernés par l'addiction
Authors: Soulignac Rodolphe
Published: April 2011

Dans le prolongement du travail de Michael White avec des couples, nous présentons un usage clinique possible des concepts de « déconstruction » et de « différance » tels que les a construits Jacques Derrida. Des illustrations cliniques de couples concernés par les addictions serviront à la démonstration.
Taruga (Anura: Rhacophoridae), a new genus of foam-nesting tree frogs endemic to Sri Lanka
Authors: Meegaskumbura Madhava , Meegaskumbura Suyama , Bowatte Gayan , Manamendra-Arachchi Kelum , Pethiyagoda Rohan , Hanken James , Schneider Christopher J
Published: April 2011

Phylogenetic relationships among foam-nesting clades of Old World tree frogs are analyzed using both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data, with particular focus on Sri Lankan members of the genus Polypedates. A distinctive, highly supported endemic Sri Lankan clade is identified, and recognized as a new genus, Taruga. This clade, which had previously been assigned to the genus Polypedates, includes P. eques, P. fastigo and P. longinasus. A combination of characters distinguishes adult Taruga from Polypedates: Taruga possess a dorsolateral glandular fold that extends from the posterior margin of the upper eyelid to the mid-flank (vs. a supratympanic fold that curves over the dorsal margin of the tympanic membrane in Polypedates); a prominent calcar at the distal end of the tibia (absent in most Polypedates); a more acutely pointed snout; and 6–10 prominent conical tubercles surrounding the cloaca (absent in Polypedates). Tadpoles of Taruga eques and Polypedates cruciger are distinguished by several characters, including features of the buccal cavity and the form of the vent tube. Taruga is the sister group of the remaining Polypedates sensu stricto. Key words: Polypedates; Rhacophorinae; systematics; tadpole morphology; molecular phylogenetics DOI: 10.4038/cjsbs.v39i2.2995 Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 39 (2): 75-94, 2010
Rapid survey of damage due to gall wasp infestation in a coppiced Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation in Maragamuwa, Naula in the Matale district of Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunaratne WAIP , Edirisinghe JP , Ranawana KB
Published: April 2011

According to several sources, Eucalyptus plantations in Sri Lanka are currently under threat due to an attack by a gall wasp. Our observations made at a coppiced Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation at Maragamuwa, Naula in the Matale District revealed a heavy infestation of galls in coppiced shoots. Close examination of 40 trees in a block revealed low damage in 62.5% of the coppiced trees and heavy damage in 10% of the trees. The wasps that emerged from field collected galls were identified as Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Only female wasps emerged from the field collected galls and no parasitoids were recorded. This preliminary study highlights the severity of damage caused by L. invasa and the need to identify appropriate measures to manage this invasive gall wasp of Eucalyptus plantations in the country. Keywords: Leptocybe invasa; coppiced shoots; conservation site DOI: 10.4038/cjsbs.v39i2.3002 Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 39 (2): 157-161, 2010
Effect of Nanoclay in Epoxy-based Fibre-glass Composite Laminates subjected to Low Velocity Impact
Authors: Palaniradja K. , Thiagarajan A. , Mathivanan N. Rajesh
Published: April 2011

This work presents the influence of nanoclay in epoxy-based fibre-glass composite laminates and its behaviour under low-velocity impact. Glass fibre reinforced in epoxy-clay nanocomposites were fabricated by hand lay-up method. Experimental test were performed according to ASTM standards using an instrumented falling weight impact testing machine. Impact test were conducted to characterize the type and extent of the damage observed for 0, 1, 3 and 5 percentage of nanocomposites as subjected to three different energy levels - 6.32, 12.63 and 18.95 J. The impact result shows that 1% and 3% nanoclay laminates sustained maximum load bearing capacity with higher energy absorption. The impact strength has been increased due to the presence of nanoclay in the epoxy matrix. Impact responses of the nanocomposites are compared with neat counterpart in terms of retardation, penetration and absorbed energy. An impact damage of the nanocomposites is analyzed by visual inspection method.
Rates and Reasons: Disparities in Low Intentions to Use a State Smoking Cessation Quitline
Authors: Burns Emily K. , Deaton Elizabeth Ann , Levinson Arnold H.
Published: April 2011

Purpose.

Little is known about population-level rates and reasons for low intentions to call the quitline, a widely available evidence-based smoking cessation treatment.

Design.

This study is a secondary analysis of the 2008 Colorado Adult Tobacco Attitudes and Behavior Survey.

Setting.

This is a population-based telephone survey of adults in Colorado.

Subjects.

Study respondents (N = 1662) included current adult smokers who had heard of the Colorado QuitLine (QL) and did not report that they never intend to quit.

Measures.

Outcome measures included intent to call the QL, self-reported reasons for not intending to call the QL, and knowledge of QL services.

Analysis.

Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for each outcome variable. All analyses were weighted for complex survey design to represent the population of Colorado.

Results.

Overall 45.6% of smokers intend never to call the QL. In multivariate analysis, Latinos (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.4, 4.7), gay/lesbian/bisexuals (OR = 5.2; 95% CI, 2.4, 11.4), and those with no insurance compared with Medicaid (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1, 13.0) were most likely to intend never to call the QL. Perceiving no need for assistance (34.8%) was the most common reason for not calling.

Conclusions.

A majority of smokers have no or weak intentions of ever calling the QL, with variation by subgroup. Reasons for not intending to call can inform targeted media campaigns to increase QL reach. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S59-S65.)
Distinct Beliefs, Attitudes, and Experiences of Latino Smokers: Relevance for Cessation Interventions
Authors: Zinser Michael C. , Pampel Fred C. , Flores Estevan
Published: April 2011

Purpose.

Determine the extent to which Latino smokers are using effective interventions for smoking cessation, with particular focus on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Related aims were to explore cultural, attitudinal, knowledge, and socioeconomic variables associated with treatment use.

Design.

Cross-sectional telephone survey of two groups of Colorado adult smokers: Latinos (n = 1010) and non-Latino whites (n = 519).

Setting.

Colorado.

Methods.

Computer-assisted telephone survey in either Spanish or English. Survey addressed sociodemographic variables; smoking and cessation history; knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about smoking and quitting; and experiences in and attitudes toward the health care setting.

Participants.

Latino and non-Latino white adult Colorado residents who reported being regular smokers.

Results.

Colorado Latinos report using NRT substantially less often than do non-Latino whites residing in the state. This and other differences in the study were more pronounced in Latinos characterized as low acculturation on the basis of a language preference variable. Latinos smoke somewhat less than non-Latino whites and report lower levels of dependence. They appear to be motivated to quit but endorse attitudes and beliefs antithetical to NRT use. Health care access was lower among Latinos, and this was related to lower reports of lifetime NRT use. Receipt of recommended practitioner intervention (the “five As”) did not differ by ethnicity.

Conclusions.

Results suggested that use of effective cessation interventions among Latinos may be enhanced by education about nicotine addiction and NRT. Policy change to increase health care access also showed promise. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:eS1–eS15.)
Motivating Latino Smokers to Quit: Does Type of Social Support Matter?
Authors: Brothers Brittany M. , Borrelli Belinda
Published: April 2011

Purpose.

Social support may help smokers quit and buffer against factors that hinder quitting. The study's aims are to examine which types of social support are effective for quitting smoking among Latino smokers and whether social support buffers the effects of depressed mood on smoking cessation.

Design, Setting, Subjects.

Participants were Latino smokers with children with asthma (N = 131, mean age = 37 years, 73% female). They did not have to want to quit smoking to participate. Smoking status was biochemically verified at a 3-month follow-up.

Measures.

Social support was assessed as whether or not the participant had a significant other, level of perceived general support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List) and level of perceived partner support for smoking cessation (Partner Interaction Questionnaire). Depressed mood was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale.

Analysis.

Hierarchical logistic regression.

Results.

Thirty percent of those with a partner quit smoking versus 14.3% of those without a partner. 43.5% of those with high levels of perceived positive partner support quit smoking vs. 17.4% of those with low levels. There was a significant interaction between whether or not a smoker had a partner and depressed mood on quitting: among those not partnered, quit rates were higher among those with low levels of depressed mood (37%) than among those with high levels of depressed mood (9%; odds ratio = 1.147, 95% confidence interval = 1.031-1.276, p < .02). Among those partnered, quit rates were not significantly different between those with high vs. low levels of depressed mood.

Conclusions.

This paper is the first to examine multiple sources of support for smoking cessation in Latino smokers; partner support and the presence of a significant other are associated with quitting smoking. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S96-S102.)
Extraction method influences the recovery of phytoplankton pigments from natural assemblages
Authors: Graff Jason R. , Rynearson Tatiana A.
Published: April 2011

Phytoplankton pigment samples are routinely collected by filtering water and storing filters at −20°C before extraction and fluorometric analyses. Although pigment loss on frozen filters has been demonstrated for phytoplankton cultures, its effect on taxonomically diverse, natural assemblages is unknown. We examined the effect of freezing filters on pigment measurements from weekly field samples collected for 1 y from Narragansett Bay, RI. Over 1000 filters representing the total and < 20 µm size fractions were collected. One set of filters was treated with MgCO3 and stored at −20°C for ≤ 200 d before extraction. Another set was immediately extracted following filtration and not treated with MgCO3. A third subset was treated without MgCO3 and frozen for ≤ 70 d. Frozen storage decreased the annual average Chlorophyll a concentration by 51%. Pigment loss was greatest in samples dominated by the > 20 µm size class, such as during the winter‐spring bloom peak when 62% of Chl a was lost from frozen samples. Freezing filters reduced analytical precision, increasing the coefficient of variation of Chl a measurements from 3.4% using immediate extraction to 13.1% using frozen filter storage. Correction factors created from regression analyses were applied to the year‐long frozen storage dataset and brought the annual average Chl a concentration to within 4% of the value determined using the immediate extraction technique. The application of correction factors to the Narragansett Bay Long‐Term Monitoring Program from 1999–2007 resulted in an average Chl a concentration that was 94% greater than the historical average.
Mechanical imitation of bidirectional bioadvection in aquatic sediments
Authors: Matsui G. Y. , Volkenborn N. , Polerecky L. , Henne U. , Wethey D. S. , Lovell C. R. , Woodin S. A.
Published: April 2011

Measuring the effects of bioirrigating infauna on sediment properties and geochemistry is often problematic due to the unpredictable nature of the animal activity. This can be overcome by the use of mechanical systems that mimic bioirrigation in a controlled and reproducible manner. A realistic mimic must allow both qualitative and quantitative imitation of the complex infaunal activities, i.e., generate both positive and negative porewater pressure waveforms in a realistic range of amplitudes and frequencies using biologically realistic water volumes. We developed a mechanical irrigation system (Robolug) that meets these criteria and used it to mimic a set of specific hydraulic behaviors of the common lugworm Arenicola marina. The resultant porewater pressure waveforms had realistic shapes and amplitudes and were realized by pumping biologically realistic volumes of water. The porewater flow patterns at depth and at the sediment water interface, induced by bidirectional bioadvection, were comparable to those observed with live lugworms. Additionally, we were able to reproduce the formation of sedimentary cracks, a phenomenon also observed with real lugworms. The Robolug irrigation system is a promising tool for a wide range of biogeochemical and ecological studies, as it (1) allows the exploration of bio‐hydraulically induced disruption of sediment integrity and transient geochemical conditions in a controlled and reproducible manner; (2) avoids the uncertainties of animal performance; (3) permits manipulative experimental conditions that could potentially be harmful for organisms or alter their behaviors; and (4) allows for the investigation of energy requirements associated with bio‐hydraulic behaviors.
Toward unification of the multiscale modeling of the atmosphere
Authors: Arakawa A. , Jung J.-H. , Wu C.-M.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. As far as the representation of deep moist convection is concerned, only two kinds of model physics are used at present: highly parameterized as in the conventional general circulation models (GCMs) and explicitly simulated as in the cloud-resolving models (CRMs). Ideally, these two kinds of model physics should be unified so that a continuous transition of model physics from one kind to the other takes place as the resolution changes. With such unification, the GCM can converge to a global CRM (GCRM) as the grid size is refined. This paper suggests two possible routes to achieve the unification. ROUTE I continues to follow the parameterization approach, but uses a unified parameterization that is applicable to any horizontal resolutions between those typically used by GCMs and CRMs. It is shown that a key to construct such a unified parameterization is to eliminate the assumption of small fractional area covered by convective clouds, which is commonly used in the conventional cumulus parameterizations either explicitly or implicitly. A preliminary design of the unified parameterization is presented, which demonstrates that such an assumption can be eliminated through a relatively minor modification of the existing mass-flux based parameterizations. Partial evaluations of the unified parameterization are also presented. ROUTE II follows the "multi-scale modeling framework (MMF)" approach, which takes advantage of explicit representation of deep moist convection and associated cloud-scale processes by CRMs. The Quasi-3-D (Q3-D) MMF is an attempt to broaden the applicability of MMF without necessarily using a fully three-dimensional CRM. This is accomplished using a network of cloud-resolving grids with large gaps. An outline of the Q3-D algorithm and highlights of preliminary results are reviewed.
Greenhouse gas profiling by infrared-laser and microwave occultation: retrieval algorithm and demonstration results from end-to-end simulations
Authors: Proschek V. , Kirchengast G. , Schweitzer S.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) profiles with global coverage and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is key for improved monitoring of GHG concentrations in the free atmosphere. In this respect a new satellite mission concept adding an infrared-laser part to the already well studied microwave occultation technique exploits the joint propagation of infrared-laser and microwave signals between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. This synergetic combination, referred to as LEO-LEO microwave and infrared-laser occultation (LMIO) method, enables to retrieve thermodynamic profiles (pressure, temperature, humidity) and accurate altitude levels from the microwave signals and GHG profiles from the simultaneously measured infrared-laser signals. However, due to the novelty of the LMIO method, a retrieval algorithm for GHG profiling did not yet exist. Here we introduce such an algorithm for retrieving GHGs from LEO-LEO infrared-laser occultation (LIO) data, applied as a second step after retrieving thermodynamic profiles from LEO-LEO microwave occultation (LMO) data as recently introduced in detail by Schweitzer et al. (2011b). We thoroughly describe the LIO retrieval algorithm and unveil the synergy with the LMO-retrieved pressure, temperature, and altitude information. We furthermore demonstrate the effective independence of the GHG retrieval results from background (a priori) information in discussing demonstration results from LMIO end-to-end simulations for a representative set of GHG profiles, including carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3). The GHGs except for ozone are well retrieved throughout the UTLS, while ozone is well retrieved from 10 km to 15 km upwards, since the ozone layer resides in the lower stratosphere. The GHG retrieval errors are generally smaller than 1% to 3% r.m.s., at a vertical resolution of about 1 km. The retrieved profiles also appear unbiased, which points to the climate benchmarking capability of the LMIO method. This performance, found here for clear-air atmospheric conditions, is unprecedented for vertical profiling of GHGs in the free atmosphere and encouraging for future LMIO implementation. Subsequent work will examine GHG retrievals in cloudy air, addressing retrieval performance when scanning through intermittent upper tropospheric cloudiness.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation and water resources in the headwaters region of the Yellow River: links and potential for forecasting
Authors: Lü A. , Jia S. , Zhu W. , Yan H. , Duan S. , Yao Z.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. This research explores the rainfall-El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and runoff-ENSO relationships and examines the potential for water resource forecasting using these relationships. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Niño1.2, Niño3, Niño4, and Niño3.4 were selected as ENSO indicators for cross-correlation analyses of precipitation and runoff. There was a significant correlation (95% confidence level) between precipitation and ENSO indicators during three periods: January, March, and from September to November. In addition, monthly streamflow and monthly ENSO indictors were significantly correlated during three periods: from January to March, June, and from October to December (OND), with lag periods between one and twelve months. Because ENSO events can be accurately predicted one to two years in advance using physical modeling of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, the lead time for forecasting runoff using ENSO indicators in the Headwaters Region of the Yellow River could extend from one to 36 months. Therefore, ENSO may have potential as a powerful forecasting tool for water resources in the headwater regions of Yellow River.
Isolated Diffuse Precentral Gyrus Signals in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Chen Zhongyun , Wang Zhen , Wu Liyong
Published: May 2024

This case report describes a woman with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with findings largely confined to the right precentral gyrus on initial imaging.
Differential Changes in Benefits Use During Pregnancy Across Demographic Groups Following Benefits Digitization
Authors: Guo Muqi , McConnell Margaret
Published: May 2024

This cross-sectional study examines differential changes in participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children during pregnancy across demographic groups, following the transition to electronic benefit transfer.
Investigating the use of artificial nest boxes positioned at different heights on trees and in isolated positions by dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius): Implications for current survey guidelines
Authors: Bartlett Debbie , Bower Sam , Dear Peter
Published: May 2024

This research, carried out in two phases, is a response to questions raised regarding the validity of surveys based on artificial nest boxes, positioned at around 1.4 m from ground level, to determine the presence of dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). This species is generally considered to be an arboreal mammal that visits the ground infrequently other than for winter hibernation.

In Phase 1, artificial nest boxes were positioned high in the tree canopy and at standard height on the same tree. The presence of leaves and material from the woodland floor in nests informed the design of Phase 2 with the inclusion of a third box, on an isolated post with no arboreal connectivity, carried out on a different site.

Results demonstrate the presence of dormice and their nests in artificial nest boxes positioned in the tree canopy, at conventional height and on isolated posts with no arboreal connectivity. This suggests that the current method of surveying for dormice using boxes at around 1.4 m from ground level may not result in robust ‘likely absence’ conclusions for surveys aimed at determining the presence of dormice on a site.

Previous experience of long‐term surveys has indicated that use of artificial next boxes declines with age of box. This was confirmed over the 6 years of the second project reported here. While often taken to indicate decline in population alternative explanations are proposed and this is highlighted as requiring further investigation.

The apparent decline of hazel dormice and the contraction of their range is evidenced by surveys carried out according to current ‘good practice’ guidance. The results of this research suggest that these should be reviewed and revised to ensure conservation objectives are being met.
Programmed Lung Metastasis Immunotherapy via Cascade‐Responsive Cell Membrane‐Mimetic Copolymer‐Wrapped Nanoraspberry‐Mediated Elesclomol‐Copper Delivery
Authors: Huynh Thi My Hue , Luc Van‐Sieu , Chiang Min‐Ren , Weng Wei‐Han , Chang Chien‐Wen , Chiang Wen‐Hsuan , Liu Yu‐Chen , Chuang Chun‐Yu , Chang Chia‐Chih , Hu Shang‐Hsiu
Published: May 2024

T lymphocytes play a central role in immunotherapy, utilizing physical interactions to actively inhibit the development of metastases. However, tumor immune privilege and heterogeneity pose challenges by protecting against immune attacks and limiting immune cell infiltration into tumors, particularly in invasive metastatic clusters. Here, a tumor penetrating magnetic particles (TUP) containing the cascade‐responsive cell membrane‐mimetic copolymer (zwitterionic 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐one, PH) and cuproptosis molecules (elesclomol‐copper, EsCu) for programming T cell infiltration is developed. The intravenously injected TUP accumulates at the tumor via the charge conversion of PH and hyperthermia effects of TUP. In metastatic clusters, ES and Cu, triggered by intracellular environments and hyperthermia, are readily released. ES and Cu simultaneously induce cuproptosis of cancer cells and stimulate immune responses. This process destroys self‐defense mechanisms and exacerbates cytotoxicity. The therapies facilitate the release of tumor‐associated antigens, including neoantigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns. Following this, the 3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐one groups on TUP act as antigen reservoirs, transporting autologous tumor‐associated antigens to dendritic cells, thereby inducing prolonged immune activation. TUP acts as an antigen reservoir in copper apoptosis‐mediated lung metastasis, promoting the accumulation of immune cells in metastatic clusters and effectively preventing the progression of metastatic tumors.
Carbon‐Based Photonic Microlabels Based on Fluorescent Nanographene‐Polystyrene Composites
Authors: Reale M. , Marino E. , Maçôas E. , Ciccarello F. , Cannas M. , Cruz C. M. , Campaña A. G. , Sciortino A. , Messina F.
Published: May 2024

Nanographenes (NGs) are attracting significant interest as atomically‐thin carbon‐based optical nanomaterials exhibiting a wide range of optical properties that are fine‐tuned with ultimate atomic precision though chemical design. However, the use of NGs in photonic applications remains poorly explored. Here a straightforward procedure is demonstrated to load NGs onto the surface of polystyrene microbeads in order to synthesize a functional light emitting microcomposite. The resulting all‐carbon‐based microbeads behave as optical microresonators displaying narrowband emission lines spread across the whole visible spectrum. The unique fluorescent pattern of individual microbeads enables applications in metrology and information encoding. This is shown, as a proof‐of‐concept, by absolute diameter and refractive index estimates of individual polystyrene microbeads with nanometric precision, and the design of an unclonable photonic microtag for anti‐counterfeiting applications. These results pave the way to a new family of carbon‐based microdevices with a wide range of applications in photonics.
Photothermal Welding Strategy for Mechanical Stability and High Efficiency of ETL‐Free f‐PSCs
Authors: Gu Ningxia , Song Lixin , Zhang Pengyun , Ning Lei , Sun Zeyuan , Shi Chenyang , Du Pingfan , Xiong Jie
Published: May 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) have drawn widespread interest owing to their distinguished advantages in excellent flexibility and relatively low cost. However, the brittle grain boundaries (GBs) and defects in flexible perovskite film tremendously influence the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical flexibility of f‐PSCs. Herein, photothermal welding, a novel method, is used to improve the perovskite films quality and the PCE of f‐PSCs with a near‐infrared (NIR) dye (indocyanine green, ICG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as additives. Due to the strong photothermal effect, ICG molecule not only can significantly enhance NIR light harvesting, but it also can weld GBs upon exposure to an NIR laser, which is conducive to the GBs connections and device flexibility. Meanwhile, the S═O bond of ICG and C═O bond of PCL can simultaneously coordinate with Pb2+ defects in perovskite. Furthermore, they can control crystal growth to form a smooth surface of perovskite film. Consequently, the unencapsulated PSCs based on ICG/PCL displays a high champion PCE of 20.62%, with 88.4% of the original PCE after being placed in dark conditions for 600 h. The f‐PSCs delivers a champion PCE of 19.55% and exhibits excellent mechanical stability, thus providing a meaningful scientific direction to fabricate high‐flexible f‐PSCs.
Precisely Controlling Polymer Acceptors with Weak Intramolecular Charge Transfer Effect and Superior Coplanarity for Efficient Indoor All‐Polymer Solar Cells with over 27% Efficiency
Authors: Zou Bosen , Ng Ho Ming , Yu Han , Ding Pengbo , Yao Jia , Chen Dezhang , Pun Sai Ho , Hu Huawei , Ding Kan , Ma Ruijie , Qammar Memoona , Liu Wei , Wu Weiwei , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Zhao Chaoyue , Pan Mingao , Guo Liang , Halpert Jonathan E. , Ade Harald , Li Gang , Yan He
Published: May 2024

Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are garnering increasing attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to the pressing demand of the ecosystem of Internet‐of‐Things. All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), emerging as a sub‐type of organic photovoltaics, with the merits of great film‐forming properties, remarkable morphological and light stability, hold great promise to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and long‐term operation in IPV's application. However, the dearth of polymer acceptors with medium‐bandgap has impeded the rapid development of indoor all‐PSCs. Herein, a highly efficient medium‐bandgap polymer acceptor (PYFO‐V) is reported through the synergistic effects of side chain engineering and linkage modulation and applied for indoor all‐PSCs operation. As a result, the PM6:PYFO‐V‐based indoor all‐PSC yields the highest efficiency of 27.1% under LED light condition, marking the highest value for reported binary indoor all‐PSCs to date. More importantly, the blade‐coated devices using non‐halogenated solvent (o‐xylene) maintain an efficiency of over 23%, demonstrating the potential for industry‐scale fabrication. This work not only highlights the importance of fine‐tuning intramolecular charge transfer effect and intrachain coplanarity in developing high‐performance medium‐bandgap polymer acceptors but also provides a highly efficient strategy for indoor all‐PSC application.
IL‐37 possesses both anti‐inflammatory and antiviral effects against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
Authors: Qi Feifei , Yan Yiwei , Lv Qi , Liu Mingya , Liu Ming , Li Fengdi , Deng Ran , Liang Xujian , Li Shuyue , Mou Guocui , Bao Linlin
Published: May 2024

Background

The aim was to elucidate the function of IL‐37 in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) infection, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for managing the clinical treatment of inflammatory response caused by respiratory virus infection.

Methods

We investigated the development of MERS by infecting hDPP4 mice with hCoV‐EMC (107 TCID50 [50% tissue culture infectious dose]) intranasally. We infected A549 cells with MERS‐CoV, which concurrently interfered with IL‐37, detecting the viral titer, viral load, and cytokine expression at certain points postinfection. Meanwhile, we administered IL‐37 (12.5 μg/kg) intravenously to hDPP4 mice 2 h after MERS‐CoV‐2 infection and collected the serum and lungs 5 days after infection to investigate the efficacy of IL‐37 in MERS‐CoV infection.

Results

The viral titer of MERS‐CoV‐infected A549 cells interfering with IL‐37 was significantly reduced by 4.7‐fold, and the viral load of MERS‐CoV‐infected hDPP4 mice was decreased by 59‐fold in lung tissue. Furthermore, the administration of IL‐37 suppressed inflammatory cytokine and chemokine (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interferon‐γ, and IL‐17A) expression and ameliorated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in hDPP4 mice.

Conclusion

IL‐37 exhibits protective properties in severe pneumonia induced by MERS‐CoV infection. This effect is achieved through attenuation of lung viral load, suppression of inflammatory cytokine secretion, reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitigation of pulmonary injury.
Efficient Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis on a Tandem Ruthenium–Platinum–Titanium Catalyst
Authors: Guan Shuyan , Yuan Zhenluo , Zhao Shiqian , Zhuang Zechao , Zhang Huanhuan , Shen Ruofan , Fan Yanping , Li Baojun , Wang Dingsheng , Liu Baozhong
Published: May 2024

Hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) involves multiple undefined steps and complex adsorption and activation, so single or dual sites are not enough to rapidly achieve the multi‐step catalytic processes. Designing multi‐site catalysts is necessary to enhance the catalytic performance of AB hydrolysis reactions but revealing the matching reaction mechanisms of AB hydrolysis is a great challenge. In this work, we propose to construct RuPt−Ti multi‐site catalysts to clarify the multi‐site tandem activation mechanism of AB hydrolysis. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the multi‐site tandem mode can respectively promote the activation of NH3BH3 and H2O molecules on the Ru and Pt sites as well as facilitate the fast transfer of *H and the desorption of H2 on Ti sites at the same time. RuPt−Ti multi‐site catalysts exhibit the highest turnover frequency (TOF) of 1293 min−1 for AB hydrolysis reaction, outperforming the single‐site Ru, dual‐site RuPt and Ru−Ti catalysts. This study proposes a multi‐site tandem concept for accelerating the dehydrogenation of hydrogen storage material, aiming to contribute to the development of cleaner, low‐carbon, and high‐performance hydrogen production systems.
Clamp for Safety: Improving Intravesical Chemotherapy Practices
Authors: Robison Michelle , Bush Nancy Jo
Published: May 2024

Processes for intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder tumors may lack standardization. In 2019, at a large health care system in Los Angeles, California, five incident reports involving chemotherapeutic agent spills from urinary catheters after bladder tumor procedures necessitated a quality improvement project. The project lead determined that a cost‐effective alternative device for securing the chemotherapeutic agent in the bladder was needed at four surgical locations of the health care system. In addition, a review of the literature and an observational assessment revealed lack of adherence to standard and recommended processes for using personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling hazardous medications. After revising existing processes, acquiring a cost‐effective clamp and recommended chemotherapy PPE, instructing personnel on the clamping process and use of PPE, and implementing use of the clamp, there have been no spills associated with intravesical chemotherapy across the four surgical locations.
Surface modification for enhanced Anti‐Wetting properties of electrospun omniphobic membranes in membrane distillation
Authors: Abid Monis Bin , Gzara Lassaad , Wahab Roswanira Abdul , Moujdin Iqbal Ahmed , Baig Nadeem , Shamim Aisha , Salam Mohamed Abdel
Published: May 2024

Membrane wetting caused by substances in the feed solution with low surface tension has posed serious issues for membrane distillation (MD). Omniphobic membranes could be helpful when dealing with this problem because they strongly repel liquids with a wide range of surface tensions. We fabricated electrospun omniphobic membranes containing PVDF‐TEOS‐PFDTMS, PVDF‐HFP‐TMOS‐PFDTMS, and PVDF‐HFP‐TEOS‐PFDTMS. All electrospun membranes have shown contact angles >90°, but the electrospun membrane containing PVDF‐HFP‐TEOS‐PFDTMS has shown super repellence with a contact angle >150° and maintains stable salt rejection and water flux in direct contact MD processes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant (up to 0.3 mM). Furthermore, the morphology and crystallinity of the electrospun membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and the percentage composition of elements was analyzed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. liquid entry pressure, mechanical strength, and the porosity of the electrospun omniphobic membranes were also studied.
Multifunctional and high‐stability RGO/PANI wrapped polyurethane foam for flexible piezoresistive sensor applications
Authors: Gai Bowen , Li Shuai , Zhang Jun , Jiang Zhiguo , Xie Gang , Zhang Jianfu , Xing Shanshan , Yao Ming
Published: May 2024

Due to its excellent durability and steady mechanical qualities, three‐dimensional porous polyurethane foam (PUF) presents a wide range of possibilities for flexible piezoresistive sensors. Its extreme flammability, poor electrical conductivity, and susceptibility to outside factors present serious difficulties, though. In this study, a waterborne polyurethane‐coated flexible PUF sensor that incorporates reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polyaniline (PANI) through a methodical, step‐by‐step dip‐coating methodology is successfully developed. The final product has a water contact angle of 133°, which improves its ability to adapt to a variety of environmental circumstances. Flexible graphene sheets are incorporated to improve heat resistance and flame retardancy, and PANI and RGO provide strong bonding to the PUF framework, ensuring outstanding structural stability even after 1500 cycles. The flexible foam sensor shows promise for use in flexible piezoresistive sensors and electronic skin due to its remarkable strain monitoring range of up to 70%, quick response time of 0.39 s in sensitivity experiments, and adaptability to different physical activities like walking and gesturing.
JWST imaging of the closest globular clusters—I. Possible infrared excess among white dwarfs in NGC 6397
Authors: Bedin L. R. , Nardiello D. , Salaris M. , Libralato M. , Bergeron P. , Burgasser A. J. , Apai D. , Griggio M. , Scalco M. , Anderson J. , Gerasimov R. , Bellini A.
Published: May 2024

We present James Webb Space Telescope observations of the globular cluster NGC 6397 and use them to extend to infrared wavelengths the characterization of the cluster's entire white dwarf (WD) cooling sequence (CS). The data allows us to probe fundamental astrophysical WD properties and to search for evidence in their colors for (or against) the existence of ancient planetary systems. The existing archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging data obtained years ago reach ultra‐deep optical magnitudes () and allow us to derive a near‐perfect separation between field and cluster members. We detect an apparent split in the lower part of the WD CS of NGC 6397. The red part of the WD CS, containing about 25% of the total, exhibits significant IR‐excess of up to mag. These infrared excesses require both theoretical and observational follow‐ups to confirm their veracity and to ascertain their true nature.
Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of High Energy Density Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Yuan Xuelong , Lin Zhifeng , Duan Yichen , Chen Zhichao , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Liu Lili , Yuan Xinhai , Wu Yuping
Published: May 2024

Among emerging rechargeable batteries, rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) stand out for their high specific capacities and the abundance of aluminum, positioning them as an attractive electrochemical energy storage option. Despite the superior electrochemical performance of non‐aqueous AIBs, aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries (AAIBs) have garnered extensive research interest for their low cost and enhanced safety. Yet, realizing high energy density in AAIBs poses significant challenges. This article systematically reviews strategies and recent advancements in cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes aimed at achieving high energy density in AAIBs. It concludes with a forward‐looking perspective on the design of AAIBs with high energy density and prolonged cycle life, highlighting promising directions for future researches.