bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanization of the process of drying fruits and vegetables through the introduction of microwave drying unit UMS-2-10 in agricultural and food enterprises
Authors: Voronov E V , Shamin E A , Bocharov V A , Terekhova O B , Shashkarov L G , Larionov G A , Zaitsev P V , Kirillov N K
Published: October 2019

The article describes the installation of microwave drying UMS-2-10, its use in agricultural enterprises. Installation of combined drying (microwave and convective heating). The installation was developed by the research and production Association "Gamma" in Nizhny Novgorod. The principle of operation is based on the use of microwave energy in combination with the circulation of "warm" air. It is established that when choosing a drying unit for the food industry, it is necessary to keep in mind that the scientifically justified choice of the design of the dryer intended for drying specific types of plant substrates containing biologically active substances is more dependent on the structural properties and biological composition of the plant raw materials used in production. Drying plant UMS-2-10 installation provides for the use of microwave, convective and combined methods of heating the feedstock; characterized by small size and ease of operation; has optimal performance, focused on the orders of commercial enterprises, and not on the formation of large batches of finished products, the implementation of which may be in doubt; characterized by high maintainability, low cost and tariffs for delivery, and installation of the dryer.
Information technology promotes the development of agriculture in China: the mechanism, bottleneck problems and solutions
Authors: Feng R
Published: October 2019

With the purpose of maximizing productive efficiency by means of leveraging information technology in agriculture, this study creates agriculture information system which constitutes factors from supply-side based on the theories of economics. Then, Gray Correlation Analysis has been used to analyze agro- industrialization. The wide application of the Internet and financial support in agriculture exert significant positive effect on the development of agriculture. At the same time, less agriculture weather stations, developing agriculture futures have no obviously positive effect on it. Low level education of the rural labour has the negative effect on it. Therefore, suggestions like increasing the investment on rural education, giving more support on land conservation, integrating the data from different relevant fields to develop agriculture futures, developing meteorological monitoring technology are given based on the experience of developed countries.
Product development of dried noodle from wheat flour and riceberry rice flour by extrusion
Authors: Chokchaithanawiwat P , Rungsardthong V , Thumthanaruk B , Puttanlek C , Uttapap D , Boonraksa S , Wonngsa J
Published: October 2019

Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.), a cross-breed of Khao Hom Nin, a local non-glutinous purple rice and Khao Hom Mali 105 contains antioxidants and other significant bioactive constituents in its bran fraction. This research aimed to produce noodle from riceberry rice and wheat flour by direct extrusion. In this study, the effects of barrel temperature, riceberry flour ratio, and food additives (sodium carbonate, guar gum and xanthan gum) on appearance and cooking qualities of extruded riceberry noodles were examined. Riceberry flour at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (by weight) was mixed with wheat flour via a single screw extruder with 0.8 mm diameter die, 30% feed moisture content (wet weight basis), screw speed of 40 rpm and the third barrel temperatures at 90:100:100°C, respectively. Experiments were conducted to find appropriate food additives by using mixture design of 3 components (sodium carbonate, guar gum and xanthan gum) and barrel temperature controlled between 90-110°C. The result showed that riceberry flour substitution could be used up to 15% with acceptable properties. The addition of guar gum and xanthan gum at 0.8% and 2.0%, respectively, could be used leading to rice noodle with cooking time 3.0 min and cooking loss 3.63%, comparable to the product made by conventional method (as the control formula).
Effect of different aging treatments on the vigor of high-oleic acid peanut seeds
Authors: Wang H , Yu S T , Wang C T , Yu G Q , Cui X Y , You S L , Gao Z Y , Shi P X , Yu H B , Ren L
Published: October 2019

Accelerated aging is known to reduce seed viability and vigor in many crop species. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on germination potential, germination percentage, electric conductivity, acid value and peroxide value. Compared with common peanut, high oleic acid peanut were more beneficial to health and can significantly improve the storability of seed. Eight high oleic acid (range of oleic acid content: 74.95%-80.6%) and two common varieties were used in this experiment. Six treatments were contained, natural aging of kernels, natural ageing of pods, accelerated aging was achieved by incubating seed at 40°C and 100% relative humidity in a closed chamber for 4, 6, and 8 days. The results showed that: the changes of germination potential and germination percentage of natural aging were not significant for high oleic acid peanuts, smaller than that of the common varieties. No matter artificial aging or natural aging treatment, compared with non-aging treatment, electric conductivity gradually increased, but high oleic acid varieties remained at low levels. The acid value of each variety increased gradually with the aging time, comparison between aging treatments, the difference between high oleic acid varieties was not significant, not the same with the common varieties. The peroxide value of 8 high oleic acid varieties was zero under each aging treatment, but the peroxide value of two common varieties increased with the aging time. The variation rules of all indicators of artificial aging for 4 days and 6 days were the same with the two natural aging treatments. So artificial aging for 4 days and 6 days can be used for high oleic acid aging test, replace natural aging, which not only shortens the test time but also ensuring the best effect.
Quality evaluation of bakery products enriched with spinach
Authors: Sapozhnikov A N , Rozhdestvenskaya L N , Kopylova A V
Published: October 2019

Garden spinach (Spinacia oleracca) is a well-known leaf vegetable in the world. It contains biologically active substances and thus can be used for enrichment of different kinds of food production, including bakery products. However, spinach is not yet deeply studied from this point of view. Recent studies show that spinach is advisable for introducing into the dough in state of infrared-dried powder. The paper describes the results of quality evaluation of developed bakery products enriched with spinach powder by sensory, physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional value. Three control samples (roll N° 1, curd and lingonberry patties N° 2 and N° 3) were prepared using high-grade and second-grade wheat flour in 1:3 ratio. All experimental samples (N° 1, N° 2, N° 3) were enriched with infrared-dried spinach powder in the amount of 4% from flour weight. All bakery products samples were prepared according to standard technology and passed quality evaluation. The sensory characteristics of experimental samples didn’t change significantly, though some of values decreased by 0.1 points or increased by 0.1 …0.3 points. The dry matters content values either decreased by 1.45…3.38% or increased by 0.36%, the acidity and ash content values increased by 0.2…0.6 deg and 0.16…0.74% accordingly. All samples were evaluated for estimated content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates and their relative approximation to ratio of 1:1:4. The ratio in control and experimental samples N° 1 and N° 2 are close to the recommended ratio value. In control and experimental samples N° 3 the ratio value is not kept but can be improved in different ways. Thus, the results of study show, that the enrichment of bakery products with spinach can save or improve their sensory characteristics, increase organic acids and minerals content. The enrichment also doesn’t have negative effect on products’ nutritional value. The ratios of proteins, fats and carbohydrates allow to use bakery products enriched with spinach in daily diet of adults and children of preschool and school age.
Development of sauce production technology based on cultivated oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm)
Authors: Dril A A , Rozhdestvenskaya L N , Sapozhnikov A N
Published: October 2019

Cultivated oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm) are common for many countries of the world mainly because of their high yield. Their growing doesn’t require special conditions. The mushrooms contain useful nutritional substances and have high sensory characteristics, so they can be suitable for developing of new types of culinary production. In the paper, the technology of sauce production using paste-like semi-finished products from oyster mushrooms is described. While obtaining the semi-finished products, it is advisable to use chopping of raw mushrooms before their heat treatment in combi oven by 100°C during 30 min. The hot and cold sauce production samples based on the semi-finished products have got mainly high points for their sensory evaluation. The estimated nutritional value of sauces shows that they appear to be low-calorie products containing vitamins and mineral substances. Thus, the developed sauce production based on cultivated oyster mushrooms can be recommended for further researches and practical implementation at public catering enterprises.
Jack bean as tempe ingredients: The safety study and fate of protein against gastrointestinal enzymes
Authors: Puspitojati E , Indrati R , Cahyanto M N , Marsono Y
Published: October 2019

This study evaluated the change of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content and concanavalin A (Con A) activity during the processing of jack bean tempe. In addition, the fate of protein of cooked tempe following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was also investigated. The jack bean tempe was prepared by the step of the soaking-boiling-soaking-boiling-fermentation process. The mature tempe was harvested on 48 h of fermentation and followed by the cooking process for 10 min (T10) and 20 min (T20). The results showed the soaking, soaking-boiling, soaking-boiling-soaking, and soaking-boiling-soaking-boiling were able to decrease the HCN content of jack bean as much as 3.98; 85.88; 92.88 and 97.95%, respectively. It did not significantly change during fermentation with content for mature tempe was as low as 0.71 ppm, which is categorized as a safe level according to FAO. The haemagglutination assay of Con A showed the protein extracted from raw jack bean provided red blood cell clotting, while it was not found in the protein extracted from boiled jack bean and jack bean tempe. In the in vitro digestion model, both T10 and T20 samples showed that there was no significant change in peptides content before and after hydrolysis using pepsin (p<0.05). The action of gastrointestinal enzymes improved the released of the bioactive peptides which have the ability to inhibit angiotensin – I – converting enzyme (ACE). It can be concluded that the jack bean was the safe protein source for consumption as tempe. Furthermore, the protein of cooked tempe was highly hydrolyzed following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion produced bioactive peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity.
Impacts of supplementation of probiotics on the prevalence of grape marc derived polyphenols in colonic digesta using in vitro digestion model
Authors: Li M J , Loo Y T , Cheng L , Howell K , Zhang P Z
Published: October 2019

Grape marc is a by-product of winemaking that contains numerous polyphenols, the bioavailability of polyphenol is largely dependent on their metabolism by probiotics or gut microbiome. The two-way phenolic-microbiota interaction has been postulated as the microorganisms and specific polyphenols could affect each other and exert beneficial effects on the host health. However, the oral taken probiotics showed a low survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract, while using encapsulation technique can provide them with a protective microenvironment. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioaccessibility of polyphenols originated from whole grape marc, consisting of seeds, skins and stems, combined with encapsulated oral taken probiotics, usingin vitrodigestion model and analytical chemistry techniques. 23 phenolic compounds were evaluated in this study, which included phenolic acids, anthoxanthins and stilbenes. This study showed that the encapsulated probiotics were protected by microcapsules until being liberated in the large intestine, and the metabolism of some polyphenols derived from selected grape marc samples was promoted by probiotics. These results indicate the potential of combining grape marc polyphenols with probiotics to develop a new health product. Furthermore, this provides the wine industry with an opportunity to make a profit by using by-products.
Correlations between circulating ghrelin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality indices in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets
Authors: Geng C Y , Meng Q X , Zhang M
Published: October 2019

Circulating ghrelin concentrations could potentially be used as a predictor of production traits in cattle. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between circulating total ghrelin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality indices in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Fifty-seven Simmental × Luxi F1 crossbred bulls (approximately 24 month of age, mean body weight ± SD: 514 ± 27 kg) were used for 112-days finishing experiment. Circulating total ghrelin concentrations and relevant indices of growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality were measured during or after finishing trial. The results indicated that the total ghrelin concentrations were positively correlated with dry matter intake (DMI) (r = 0.278, P = 0.046) and were not correlated to other growth indices including initial body weight (BW), final body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (feed : gain) (P > 0.05). The total ghrelin concentrations were positively correlated with meat-bone ratio (r = 0.269, P = 0.045) and tended to be positively correlated to highrib weight (r = 0.234, P = 0.083). Moreover, total ghrelin concentrations were not correlated to other carcass traits indices such as hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) area and 12th rib fat thickness (P > 0.05). Total ghrelin concentrations tended to be negatively correlated to the shear force of beef (r = - 0.299, P = 0.064), and were not correlated to other meat quality indices such as moisture, pH, drip loss, cooking loss, meat color conventional chemical composition and fatty acid composition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, circulating total ghrelin concentrations were associated with DMI, meat-bone ratio and beef tenderness in finishing bulls fed high concentrated diet, and it could be used as a potential biomarker for evaluation of animal production traits such as DMI and beef tenderness in finishing bulls fed high concentrate diets.
Determination of lipophilic shellfish toxins in bivalve mollusks by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu G Y , Wang Z H , Ge K , Song L , Du J , Wu J H , Wang K , Li A
Published: October 2019

In the study, a method developed for the determination of lipophilic shellfish toxins in muscular tissues of Ruditapes philippinarum was presented. Lipophilic shellfish toxins contain Dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2) and homo-yessotoxins (h-YTX). We used microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method with methanol as extractant to perform the sample preparation for muscular tissues of Ruditapes philippinarum and analyzed the crude extracts by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The microwave-assisted extraction operational parameters, including extraction temperature and volume, the solvent type and time, were selected detailed about extraction efficiency of lipophilic shellfish toxins from Ruditapes philippinarum muscular tissues. The method recoveries at three different spiked levels proved to be in the range from 50.47% to 94.98%. (<10%). The limits of detection (LOD) of three compounds were between 0.001–0.05μg/kg, and it could meet the requirements for the actual samples. Then, this developed method was applied to actual samples which demonstrated that the method was a useful tool for the rapid quantitative detection lipophilic shellfish toxins. All in all, this determined method shows its good selectivity and sensitivity for the analysis of lipophilic shellfish toxins in tissues of Ruditapes philippinarum.
A review: Adaptation of escape route for a framework of road disaster resilient
Authors: Redzuan A A , Anuar A N , Zakaria R , Aminudin E , Alias N E , Yuzir M A M , Alzahari M R
Published: October 2019

Transportation system plays a vital role in sustaining the economic and social well-being of a community. Disaster or extreme hazard such as earthquake, storms, landslide, flood, terrorism, etc. has a major impact on the resilience of the road, especially in ensuring the impact toward the recovery for communities. Road infrastructure is linked to many encompassing factors such as road user, climate, economy, material, topography and periodic maintenance. Recently, unpredicted climate causes heavy rain, landslide, and flood resulting in high losses bared by the government on the repair and reconstruction works. Previous events have revealed that certain road areas in Malaysia are vulnerable after exposed to damage due to the natural disaster. This paper highlights the identified factors that contribute to adaptation on the escape route for road disaster resilient. A comprehensive review was done to identify a few missing approaches in the road network resiliency, which include a temporal route option as part of the adaptive routing solution. The research is expected to become a reference to overcome disruption in the road network in time of disaster or crisis while supporting the government initiative to strengthen the resilience of the nation’s infrastructure.
Modelling corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete
Authors: Ožbolt J , Balabanić G , Oršanić F
Published: October 2019

Aggressive environmental conditions, such as exposure to the sea climate or use of de-icing salts, have considerable influence on durability of reinforced concrete structures due to the reinforcement corrosion induced damage. In the present paper, the recently developed coupled 3D chemo-hygro-thermo-mechanical (CHTM) model for concrete is discussed. The model takes into account the interaction between non-mechanical processes and mechanical properties of concrete (damage). The mechanical part of the model is based on the microplane model. It is validated through a 3D transient FE analysis of a pull-out of corroded steel reinforcement from a concrete beam-end specimen, which was exposed to aggressive environmental conditions. For the corrosion phase, the influence of the anode and cathode position on the electric potential, current density, corrosion rate and corrosion induced damage is investigated. Moreover, the effect of corrosion on the pull-out capacity of reinforcement and the influence of transport of corrosion products through cracks are studied.
Nano insulation materials exploiting the Knudsen effect
Authors: Jelle B P , Mofid S A , Gao T , Grandcolas M , Sletnes M , Sagvolden E
Published: October 2019

As the world’s focus is turned even stronger toward miscellaneous energy efficiency and saving aspects, the development of new high-performance thermal insulation materials for building applications will play an important role in this regard. The aim of the presented study is to develop an understanding for the governing thermal transport mechanisms and utilize the Knudsen effect in nanoporous insulation materials through theoretical concepts and experimental laboratory explorations, thus being able to synthesize nano insulation materials (NIM) with very low thermal conductivity values as a major goal. NIMs based on hollow silica nanospheres (HSNS) have been synthesized by a sacrificial template method, where the idea is that the heat transport by gas conductance and gas/solid state interactions decreases with decreasing pore diameters in the nano range as predicted by the Knudsen effect. HSNS with reduced thermal conductivity compared to their solid counterparts have been prepared where the hollow sphere cavities and voids between the spheres are filled with air at atmospheric pressure, i.e. eliminating the need for various measures like e.g. protective metallized foils to maintain a vacuum or expensive low-conducting gases in the cavities and voids. Hence, HSNS represent a promising stepping-stone toward the future high-performance thermal insulation materials.
Modeling the absorption of CO2 in solvents enhanced by nanoparticle in polymeric membranes
Authors: Ghasem N
Published: October 2019

Lately nanomaterial received substantial consideration by several researchers. Solid nanoparticles prove to have extensive applications in composite materials and in the enhancement of mass and heat transfer. Adding nanoparticles to a base fluid improves the performance of mass and heat transfer. The effect of the addition of nanoparticles to base fluids, such as pure water and aqueous sodium hydroxide, show significant improvement in the percent removal of carbon dioxide from a gas composed of 15% CO2 balance is CH4 using gas-liquid hollow fiber membrane contactor. Results reveal that the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide increases with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles up to certain extent beyond which insignificant removal rate is observed. Predicted results revealed that the percent removal of CO2 in the existence of CNT and NaOH is 35% and 40%, respectively.
The influence of the powder additive upon selected mechanical properties of a composite
Authors: Szczepaniak R , Rolecki K , Krzyzak A
Published: October 2019

Five series of samples were prepared, each batch consisting of 20 epoxy-resin items, CES R70 with CES H72 hardener and 4 types of powder additives: montmorillonite (MMT), Expancell d25 Microsphere (microsphere), nanocarbon (NanoC) and silicon carbide (SiC). All the additives were added in quantities corresponding to 15% of the total volume share of the material. The test samples for tensile test and three-point transverse bend test were made in accordance with the standards: PN-EN ISO 527-1 and PN-EN ISO 178. The addition of powder materials into the resin affected the change of the examined parameters when investigating the mechanical properties. The static tensile test proved the supposition about changing the strength of the material. It also confirmed the change in fragility of the prepared samples in relation to the base material. Similar conclusions may be drawn from the development of the research findings of the materials with regard to bending and hardness of the produced samples.
Novel acid soluble consolidating material to overcome lost circulation problems in reservoir intervals
Authors: Feng J , Zheng L H , Li L , Hao H J , Zhang C , Zhang Z
Published: October 2019

Based on lost circulation problem, a new kind of acid soluble consolidating material was developed, and the sealing characteristics were evaluated. This acid soluble consolidating material had the characteristics of rapid water loss, high filter-cake consistency and high acid dissolution. The results indicated that the obtained curing slug had good stability at high temperature, and the sealing strength of curing slug was as high as 10 MPa. High temperature and high pressure (HTHP) sealing analog experiment indicated that the maximum pressure-bearing capacity of plugged zone was up to 18.5 MPa. Using this consolidating material to seal the shale is a very powerful and economical approach to address lost circulation problem in troublesome thief zones.
Novel hybrid composite based on bio-PET with basalt/carbon fibre
Authors: Kuciel S , Mazur K
Published: October 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of manufacturing hybrid composites based on one of the latest generations of bio derivative polyethylene terephthalate with equal amounts of basalt and carbon fibres. This combination of two types of fibres gives the opportunity to obtain synergistic strength and performance properties. Samples obtained by injection moulding were characterized by morphological, mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact) and processing (softening temperature, thermal expansion and shrinkage) properties. Light-weight and bio-based hybrid composites based on bio-PET matrix with already 10 wt% basalt fibres and 10 wt% carbon fibres are characterized by more than 90 % increase in tensile strength and they have almost four times increase in the modulus of elasticity at a wide range of temperatures. Due to the good mechanical properties of hybrid composites, they can be successfully used in various industry sectors, mainly for consumer goods, household appliances and in automotive industry. Products made of bio-based sources pose a significantly lower threat to the environment than those from petrochemical sources.
Effect of halloysite nanotube loading on structure, mechanical and thermal properties of poly (l-lactic acid) / poly-(butylene succinate) blend
Authors: Liu H Y , Chen L , Li W , Wang K W
Published: October 2019

Poly (l-lactic acid) (PLA)/poly-(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) composites were prepared via melting compounding in a twin-screw extruder. The effects of HNT addition on mechanical properties, thermal properties of PLA/PBS blends were investigated. The structure of ternary composites was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the results revealed that a small incorporation of HNT dispersed well in the two polymers. Ternary composites presented improved tensile strength and elongation at break at low loading levels of HNT. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results showed that the addition of HNT significantly increased storage modulus of PLA/PBS composites. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that HNT can sever as nucleating agent for PLA in ternary composites, which lead to decreased cold crystallization temperature and increased crystallinity of PLA.
Study on performance of micro heat dissipation system base on liquid metal
Authors: Yun H R , Zhang X X
Published: October 2019

This paper introduces an advanced liquid metal microcirculation system that uses a liquid metal cycle driven by an electromagnetic pump to achieve heat dissipation. The overall thickness of the structure can be as flimsy as 0.9mm, and the heat dissipation capacity is more than twice that of the corresponding ultra-thin heat pipe. This paper analyzes the performance of the complex by experimenting with the sample and comparing it with the software simulation results, and demonstrates the theoretical analysis method of the liquid metal microcirculation system.
Study on the electrical properties of polypyrrole nanowires/silica composites
Authors: Weng Z J , Zhao Z W , Fang Y , Wu J D , Jiang H L
Published: October 2019

In recent years, conductive composites have been attracted more attentions, but their applications and developments are restricted by the deficiency of the research on conductive mechanism. The electrical conductivity and percolation threshold of silica (SiO2) matrix with different particle sizes using polypyrrole nanowires (PPy-NWs) as fillers are experimentally investigated. The results show that the electrical properties of PPy-NWs/SiO2 composites typically exhibit a non-linear percolation behavior. PPy-NWs/SiO2 (30 nm) nanocomposites need more filler content to achieve percolation threshold compared to that of PPy-NWs/SiO2 composites with 2 µm SiO2 particles as matrix. The conductive behavior of these composites is the result of the interaction and competition of various conductive mechanisms. The difference in electrical properties of PPy-NWs/SiO2 composites with different particle size SiO2 as matrix is attributed to the effect of matrix size on tunnelling conduction and the establishment of conductive pathways. Moreover, a two-dimensional conductive network model filled with PPy-NWs and an effective electrical resistivity model of PPy-NWs/SiO2 composites were established. The simulation models can reflect the electrical properties of conductive composites, and are well agreement with the experimental data.
Improved wear resistance and mechanical properties of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites for advanced engineering applications
Authors: Uyor U O , Popoola A P I , Popoola O M
Published: October 2019

Improvement of wear behaviour and mechanical properties of polymers as bulk and surface coating materials for advanced engineering applications have been research interest. Improved wear resistance and mechanical properties were achieved in this study by incorporation of surface modified graphene and titanium dioxide nano-powder in poly (vinylidene fluoride) matrix via solution blending and melt compounding. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nanocomposites showed significant reduction in wear volume and enhanced mechanical properties due to the presence of surface modified nanofillers. About 76.5% reduction in wear volume, 52% and 186.5% increase in tensile strength and Young modulus respectively were achieved in this study. The surface modification of the nanofillers was essential in dispersion of the nanofillers in the polymer matrix and the improved properties recorded. Such nanocomposites can find applications as protective surface coating materials for high frictional condition and bulk materials for automobile and aerospace components.
Effect of the combination of hydrophilic nano-SiO2 and gaffix VC-713 polymer on CH4 hydrate formation: Insight from the experimental study
Authors: Wang R , Xu X G , Shi X M , Li Y Y , Zhang J , Yang Z
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the effect of the combination of hydrophilic nano-SiO2 with a particle size of 80 nm and gaffix VC-713 polymer (VC-713) on their hydrate inhibition was investigated at 4.0°C and 6.0 MPa, and the underlying influence mechanism was analysed by a multiple scales of the meso-structural observation experiments. Experimental results indicated that the combination doesn’t exhibit any synergistic inhibition effect on the formation of CH4 hydrate, but it weakens the hydrate inhibition abilities of both components. Moreover, with the increase of the VC-713 content to 0.75 wt% and 1.00 wt%, the inhibition of hydrophilic nano-SiO2 completely disappears.
Assessment of the physical properties of banana pseudo stem/ABS composites
Authors: Ahmed M S , Attia T , Abd El-Wahab A A , Elgamsy R , Abd El-latif M H
Published: October 2019

The physical properties of Banana Pseudo Stem (BPS) reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites with different fiber weight percentages were studied. BPS fibers were pretreated by using Sodium hydroxide solution with 5% concentration for 24 hours. ABS/BPS composites were prepared with 0, 10, 20 and 30 wt. % fibers. The Moisture Content (MC %) and Water Absorption (WA %) for BPS fiber were studied. The water absorption (WA %) and Thickness Swelling (TS %) of the composites were investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation for fracture surfaces was also studied. The Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses were used to measure the thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) of BPS/ABS composites. Moreover, the melt flow index (MFI) and dimensional stability tests for the composites were studied.
Dynamic response analysis of polyoxymethylene hydrofoils using the hybrid pitch mode FSI method
Authors: Jang W-S , Choi W-S , Hong S-Y , Song J-H , Kwon H-W
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the objective is to analyze the dynamic responses of 2D pitching polyoxymethylene (POM) hydrofoils in the uniform flow using the hybrid coupling Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) method, which takes account of added mass effects and show its robustness by comparing with the experiments. First, FSI analysis using the empirical formula of hydrodynamic forces around hydrofoils was performed and validated by comparing the analysis results of the weak coupling FSI method and the hybrid coupling FSI method with the analytic solution. Next, The FSI method with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was implemented in the framework of OpenFOAM, the open-source CFD code. Flow analysis and structural analysis were performed for every time step in the calculations. Here, the flow analysis was performed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) scheme and the structural analysis was performed by solving the equation which considered the pitch mode of deformable hydrofoils. Dynamic responses of 2D NACA0015 POM hydrofoils using the hybrid coupling FSI method well matched with the experimental results qualitatively, where dynamic responses without the hybrid coupling FSI method showed numerical instability. It is shown that the hybrid coupling FSI method considering added mass effects should be considered for analysis of deformable hydrofoils.
Effect of storage environment on the crystallinity and compressive load of starch based biodegradable cup
Authors: Garalde R A , Orendain E , Urbona J
Published: October 2019

The effect of storage environment on the overall crystallinity and compressive load of commercially sold starch based biodegradable cup was determined. Using FTIR and DSC, the components of the cup was identified as starch, polypropylene (PP) and organic acid as compatibilizer. Using TGA, the weight percentage of starch and PP components were 13 and 58%, respectively. The samples were stored 20°C, 80% RH and 40°C, 40% RH for 4 months. Using DSC, the overall crystallinity was evaluated based on the heat of fusion (Hf
). Using XRD, the crystalline structure was evaluated based on peaks and full width at maximum height (FWMH). After 4 months, DSC results showed only one endothermic peak with melting point of ≈165°C at both conditions. The Hf
was remained ≈50 J/g. Based on XRD results, there were no development of new crystalline peaks and the peak FHWM remained unchanged. Initially, the percentage samples below the set limit of compressive load was ≈20%. The percentage below the set limit was ≈40% for samples stored at 20°C, 80% RH, whereas ≈20% for samples stored at 40°C, 40% RH. The 80% RH at 20°C increased the moisture content from 2% to 3.1%. The overall crystallinity remained unchanged after storage. Water became a plasticizer for the starch component. The increase in moisture content could have decreased the compressive load during storage.
Piezoelectric characteristics of inorganic (Na, K, Li) (Nb, Sb, Ta)O3 – (Bi, Na)(Sr)ZrO3 ceramics with sintering time
Authors: Yoo J H , Lee J H
Published: October 2019

In recent days, the Rhombohedral-Tetragonal (R-T) region composition (Na,K)NbO3 ceramics have been actively studied because of their excellent piezoelectric properties. In this study, in order to develop the ceramics capable of being sintered at low temperature for piezoelectric actuator, 0.97(Na0.52K0.443Li0.037)(Nb0.923Sb0.04 Ta0.037)O3 – 0.03(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9(Sr)0.1ZrO3 R-T region ceramics were manufactured using the sintering aids of Bi2O3-CuO-Fe2O3 according to sintering time by the conventional solid state method and their piezoelectric and dielectric properties were systematically investigated. At the 9 hour sintering specimens, the excellent physical properties of d33=244pC/N εr=1475, kp=0.44, and Qm=240 were obtained for piezoelectric actuator application.
The research about ultimate load of CFRP repaired pipes under long-term seawater immersion and bending moment
Authors: Xin J H , Zhang Y , Huang Q , Cheng N Y
Published: October 2019

Corrosion is a common failure form for subsea pipes. Corroded pipes are increasingly repaired by the composite material because of the low cost and the simple and quick process. However, the repair will be affected by factors such as long time bending moment and seawater immersion. To study the law of the effect, the bending moment and seawater immersion factors are considered in this paper. For the experiment of CFRP repaired pipes, 14 groups of CFRP-pipe specimens were designed, and 30% bending moment was applied, the seawater concentration 5 times more than that recommended by ASTM D1141-98 (2013) was adopted to accelerate the experiment. The pipe specimens were immersed in seawater for different time period (200 hours, 400 hours, 600 hours and 800 hours). The experimental result showed that the ultimate bending load capacity of the repaired pipe decreases with the increasing of time. To study the reasons for the decrease of the ultimate load of the repaired pipes, CFRP-steel plate and CFRP durability tests were set up, 5 groups of CFRP and 5 groups of CFRP-steel plate specimens were designed. It was found that the decrease of the interfacial bonding strength of CFRP repaired pipe and decrease of the CFRP strength resulted in the decline of ultimate load of repaired pipe.
Research and application of key technology of submersible oil reciprocating pumping unit
Authors: Sun Y A
Published: October 2019

The submersible oil reciprocating pumping unit is a new generation of rod-less oil recovery equipment for low permeability reservoirs. The optimization and upgrading of key technologies is conducive to its large-scale application and cost reduction and efficiency enhancement. This paper proposes a series of optimization and upgrading methods for the problems existing in oilfield production, including the research of closed-loop control technology based on power carrier communication, the research on harmonic suppression technology of inverter output, and the research and development of wireless IOT remote oil recovery equipment management system. Research on new low-cost clear wax-proof process and intelligent composite material coiled tubing supporting technology. At the same time, indoor and on-site test evaluation is carried out. The effect shows that the new process of optimization and upgrading can improve the reliability, adaptability and economy of the submersible reciprocating pumping unit, laying the foundation for its intelligent, digital and large-scale development. It has certain practical significance.
Photoelectric emission and work function of silver-zinc oxide Ag-ZnO (92/8) pseudo-alloy electrical contacts
Authors: Akbi M , Cherif M’ziane M
Published: October 2019

Arc roots models require a good knowledge of the physical constants characterizing the contact material used in various kinds of switchgears. Electron work function (EWF) is one of the most important parameters of electron emission for metals and has not yet been studied in detail for pseudo-alloy contact materials. For pure metals, the values of these constants are well known and can easily be found in tables. This is not the case for the new silver-based industrial materials recently available on the market, which are more efficient without the manufacturers knowing the cause. The main goal of this paper is to understand better the photoelectron emission occurring in silver-metal oxide Ag-ZnO (92/8) electrical contacts, before and after several heat treatments from room temperature up to 813 K, under UHV conditions. The photoelectric work function of Ag-ZnO (92/8) pseudo-alloy electrical contacts has been measured by photooelectric effect, using both Fowler’s methods, i.e. isothermal curves method and linearized plots method. It was demonstrated that after several heating treatments in vacuum, the EWF of the silver–zinc oxide, Ag–ZnO (92/8), determined at T = 300 K, is kept within the following interval limits ]ɸ(Ag), ɸ(ZnO)[ = ]4.26 eV, 4.68 eV[. This is due to the evaporation and/or diffusion phenomena which influences the surface composition of the pseudo-alloy electrical contact. Moreover, all the measurements carried out in this study give clearly a demonstrable proof that the EWF of the Ag-ZnO pseudo-alloy should be between the EWF values of each of the two components 4.26 eV for Ag and 4.64 eV for ZnO. Observations and surface analyses carried out under the scanning electron microscope illustrated the development of the surface composition of the Ag-ZnO contact material after several heating treatments in vacuum. Thus, surface analysis of two Ag–ZnO electrical contacts performed before and after VH treatments showed a significant increase of weight proportion for ZnO nanoparticles on the contact surface.
A study on the nonlinear elastic behavior of ballistic gelatin using a rotational rheometer
Authors: Liu L , Ding C , Lu Q Q , Zhang X F
Published: October 2019

The present work was focused on the study of large elastic behavior and constitutive modeling of ballistic gelatin. The simple shear tests were conducted using a rotational rheometer. It is observed that the mechanical parameters of the material should be analyzed directly by the data of rotational angle and torque measured by the rheometer but not the apparent shear stress and strain data provided by the rheometer directly. A hyperelastic constitutive model, a 2-term reduced polynomial strain energy potential, was adopted to describe the nonlinear stress-strain relationship. The material parameters were identified and the dependency of the parameters on the temperature was analyzed. It’s found that the modulus at small deformation decreases with increasing temperature following an approximately linear relationship; while, the modulus at large deformation showed a process of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing temperature.
Feasibility of oxidized soybean oil for rubber devulcanization
Authors: Pegollo C C , Pajarito B B
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the feasibility of using oxidized soybean oil (Ox-SO) for mechano-chemical devulcanization of sulfur-cured natural rubber. A 22 full factorial design of experiment was used to determine the effect of devulcanization time (20, 40 min) and amount of Ox-SO (6, 10 phr) in the crosslink density and sol-gel content of devulcanized VR (DVR). After conductive heating and stirring of soybean oil for 60 h, a peroxide value of 316.3 meq O2 kg−1 oil was achieved which corresponds to approximately 2500 ppm of lipid hydroperoxides. Decreasing the devulcanization time (from 40 to 20 min) and amount of Ox-SO (from 10 to 6 phr) decreased the crosslink density by 71.1% and increased the sol content by 228.2%. The optimum conditions are 20 min of devulcanization time and 6 phr of Ox-SO where the crosslink density of VR is reduced to 6.2×10−5 mol cm−3 and the sol content is 10.2% (control VR crosslink density: 2.1×10−4 mol cm−3, sol content: 3.1% ). In summary, Ox-SO was found to be a feasible agent for rubber devulcanization. DVR blends with virgin rubber are required to assess Ox-SO’s commercial readiness.
Potential anti-corrosion additives derived from waste plastic sachets
Authors: Eugenio F D T , Pajarito B B
Published: October 2019

Corrosion is a perennial problem that has a significant burden on the economy and environment. Recent studies have suggested that organic fillers can serve as corrosion inhibitors. In this work, the use of comminuted waste plastic sachets (WPS) as an anti-corrosion additive to commercial coating was explored. The effect of WPS lamination and loading on the viscosity, film thickness, and corrosion behavior of a red oxide primer paint was investigated. Results show that the viscosity and film thickness of the coating were only affected by the addition of WPS at high loading. At low loading, comminuted WPS reduced the corrosion rate of the coating by 99%. The presence of metal lamination in WPS contributes to the corrosion resistance of the coating. In conclusion, comminuted WPS demonstrates its potential in enhancing the anti-corrosion properties of coatings.
PVA/CA based electrospun nanofibers: Influence of processing parameters in the fiber diameter
Authors: Teixeira M A , Amorim M T P , Felgueiras H P
Published: October 2019

Recently, the electrospinning technique has been explored as a natural and synthetic polymer processing tool due to its versatility and potential to generate complex structures at a nanoscale. In this work, non-woven nanofibrous mats were electrospun, with a structure resembling the extracellular matrix, for prospective biomedical uses. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cellulose acetate (CA) based electrospun nanofibrous meshes were prepared at different ratios 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 and characterized in terms of fiber diameter. The process was kept as green as possible by resorting to a combination of acetic acid and distilled water as solvents. Optimal conditions for PVA/CA processing were established at 29 kV, feeding rate of 0.8 mL/h and distance between needle and collector of 17 cm. These allowed for the most uniform fibers with the smallest diameters to be produced.
Effects of dicumyl peroxide on cell formation of biopolymer blend-activated carbon composite foams
Authors: Aussawasathien D , Ketkul K , Hrimchum K , Threepopnatkul P
Published: October 2019

Immiscible biopolymer blends of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) with a weight ratio of 80/20 were compatibilized by different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 parts per hundred resin (phr)) of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the presence of 3 phr of activated carbon (AC). Influences of DCP on the melt rheology at foaming temperature, cell formation and morphology and foam properties of PLA-PBS-AC composites using 5 phr of azodicarbonamide (ADC) as a blowing agent were reported. It was found that the melt viscosity, relating to the melt flow index (MFI) of PLA-PBS-AC composite foams increased with increasing DCP loadings due to more compatibility between PLA and PBS. Closed cells with thick cell walls were obtained with the addition of DCP. Also, the cell size and cell density tended to decrease by DCP adding since lower cell expansion and coalescence occurred at higher polymer surface tension. The crystallinity (Xc) and thermal properties of PLA and PBS in composite foams were almost unchanged when DCP was filled in the system. The PLA-PBS-AC composite foam having 0.3 phr of DCP provided the lowest foam density (pf) and the highest void fraction (Vf) of 0.5766 g cm3 and 54% respectively.
In-line rheological properties of rubber toughened Wood Polymer Composites
Authors: Mazzanti V , Malagutti L , Blanchard M , Yi S , Mollica F
Published: October 2019

Wood Polymer Composites are materials that are more and more used and studied by both academic and industrial research. Although such materials are successfully substituting natural wood in many relevant applications, still some of their drawbacks limit their widespread diffusion. One of these is their brittleness, which can be limited by blending with a toughening agent. In this study we investigated the rheological properties, in terms of the flow curve and the wall slip characteristics, of a toughened Wood Polymer Composite. Testing was performed using an in-line slit rheometer attached directly to a single screw extruder. The material used for the experiments was a blend of polypropylene-based wood polymer composite compound, containing 35 wt.% of wood flour and a suitable thermoplastic elastomer used as a toughening agent. The results showed a shear thinning behaviour and a significant slip velocity of the material that is beneficial during processing.