bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does MIH Affects Preoperative and Intraoperative Hypersensitivity?
Authors: Özgül Betül Memiş , Sakaryalı Didem , Tirali Resmiye Ebru , Çehreli Sevi Burçak
Published: July 2022

Objective: Hypersensitivity is an important problem that is encountered during the treatment of hypomineralized teeth. The aim of this prospective study was to compare responses to electrical pulp tests (EPTs) and cold tests among carious teeth with and without molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) before and after the administration of local anesthesia for caries removal Results: The EPT results of anesthetized carious teeth without MIH were significantly higher than those of carious teeth with MIH (p = 0.011). The cold test results were significantly higher for anesthetized carious teeth with MIH than for those without MIH (p = 0.0001). Intraoperative pain was significantly higher for carious teeth with MIH (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that even after achieving sufficient anesthesia, hypersensitivity remains a clinical problem in MIH-affected carious molars. The results presented in this study indicate that this phenomenon is not related to achieving effective local anesthesia; therefore, behavior management in such cases is of the utmost importance compared to relying on adjacent anesthetic methods.
Effectiveness of Different Methods in Removing Dentin Caries of Primary Teeth: Micro-CT and SEM Evaluation
Authors: Duruk Gülsüm , Kizilci Esra , Malkoç Meral Arslan
Published: July 2022

Objectives: With the recent improvements in technology, the expectation of minimal invasion and maximal comfort in caries removal techniques is increasing. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of six caries removal methods in primary teeth. Study design: Sixty primary molars (10 teeth in each groups) were used. The groups were: Group I (Tungsten Carbide Bur), Group II (Sono abrasion), Group III (Air abrasion), Group IV (Carisolv), Group V (Er:YAG Laser), Group VI (ART). In micro-CT scanning, mineral density at the cavity floor was examined before and after caries removal. After caries removal, the patency of the dentinal tubules was examined in two teeth from each group on SEM images. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon tests. Results: For six different caries removal methods, tooth mineral (inorganic, total) densities at cavity floors were compared among the groups after the procedures, and no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). On the SEM images, it was seen that the dentinal tubules were exposed and no smear layer was formed in the Carisolv group. Significant rough surfaces were exposed in the laser group. Conclusion: It was observed that alternative caries removal methods are at least as effective as the traditional method in primary teeth for clinical applications.
Publicand Stateinteractionin the Matrix of Realities
Authors: Perepelitsa H. V.
Published: July 2022

The main pathos of the article is to show that the reality in which we are doomed to live, together with many previously unknown dangers, has provided stunning opportunities that previous generations did not know. The way of communication has changed, and this revives the hope for the restoration of lost or not found links between the state and society. The live interaction of the actors representing them is an important marker of open government. The concept of open government turned out to be difficult to instill in most countries with economies in transition, mainly because the recipes of legal dogmatics discovered in a certain era, culture, and context are taken as the basis for its implementation by these countries. For the historically past legal worldview, interpretations of the state as a subject of control influence, a set of management structures, and society as an object of such influence were quite organic. At the same time, the state completely dispensed with communication with society. The digital world of the post-industrial era has changed the usual state of affairs, given a new look to both society and the state. The matrix of realities does not leave unchanged the dogmatic truths about the state-centric nature of law, the closed nature of public authority, the unilateral influence of the state on society, and their legal interaction. These provisions do not need external and ritual stylization to the dictates of today’s digital fashion, but a balanced dynamic representation.
Features of the Legal Status of a Smart Contract in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Egorova M. A. , Ponomareva D. V. , Kozhevina O. V.
Published: July 2022

In this article, the authors consider the features of smart contracts as a fundamentally new model of contractual relations, relevant in view of the comprehensive digitalization of various spheres of life. Smart contracts are considered as the so-called self-executing contracts, in which the terms of the agreement between the buyer and the seller are directly spelled out in lines of code. At the same time, the code and the agreement associated with it exist in a distributed decentralized blockchain network. Smart contracts guarantee a very specific set of results, which makes it possible not to resort to litigation, in fact, avoiding conflict situations. The authors analyze various types of smart contracts, problems associated with changing the terms of a smart contract, and limitations connected with the use of such a model of contractual relations. The article draws attention to the fact that the automated execution of the terms of the contract will cause problems, because the lines of code, unlike a traditional written contract, cannot be changed with the same ease. In conclusion, the authors discuss the impact of digitalization processes on the development of smart contracts.
Ethical Aspects of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems: International Legal Experience
Authors: Zhurkov A. A.
Published: July 2022

In the context of the digital transformation of all spheres of society, the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies introduced in all sectors of the economy and public administration, as well as in the daily life of a person, has increased over the past decade. In this regard, the actions of national Governments, various international organizations, international non-governmental organizations, large transnational corporations have intensified to form universal and universally recognized rules containing norms that are focused on the legal regulation of the development, implementation and use of various AI systems, as well as to ensure the ethical foundations of the use of such systems in order to prevent human rights violations. Taking into account the enormous possibilities of AI technologies that can have a comprehensive impact on human rights, the legal and other consequences of the decisions taken will have not only a local, but even a global character for the entire world community. The author of the article describes some examples characterizing the activities of international organizations in recent years in this area, and also identifies priority issues of the participation of the Russian Federation in the process of developing international legal norms and positions, taking into account national interests and in accordance with domestic doctrinal legal acts.
Technologies of Digital Reincarnation of Personality in Relation to the Right to «Digital Death»
Authors: Romanova A. L.
Published: July 2022

The number of accounts belonging to deceased people is increasing in social networks. At the same time, the law does not regulate the period of its existence. Social networks contain various rules for the existence of accounts after the death of their owners. Some companies already offer digital afterlife. The article offers an analysis of the technologies of digital reincarnation of a person in their relation to the right to «digital death». The potential risks of obtaining unauthorized access to the content of the account are being investigated. The author assesses the inability of the current legislation to protect personal data and intellectual property based on the analysis of international experience. In this situation, the author suggests the inclusion of RUFADAA norms in the Russian legislation on personal data. To protect intellectual property and inheritance, the author proposes to provide for the rights of heirs to a social network profile. Special attention is paid to the discussion about the electronic testament.
Video Game as an Object of Copyright in the Era of Digital Technology Development
Authors: Roshchenko S. V.
Published: July 2022

This article is devoted to a video game as an object of copyright. The paper defines the concept of “video game”, highlights its features, summarizes approaches to determining the right mode of a video game. American literature and copyright legislation in relation to video games are also analyzed. In particular, the paper considers the experience of protecting the rights to an audio-visual work in the USA. Examples from judicial practice in such cases are also given. This made it possible not only to analyze the legal regime of regulation of multimedia objects, but also to raise the issue of some features of judicial review of such disputes. Noteworthy is the example of an independent allocation by the court of elements of a video game that are subject to judicial protection as objects of copyright. Particular attention is paid to the need to consolidate the work of representatives of the gaming industry and the legislator in terms of the normative definition of a “video game”, the objects of which it may consist and the possibility of their addition to existing ones, as well as determining the circle of authors of a multimedia work.
«Technological turns» of Russia’s Legal Development (review of the monograph Pashentsev D. A., Zaloilo M. V., Dorskaya A. A. «Changing of technological orders and legal development of Russia»)
Authors: Azizzoda U. A. , Chernyavsky A. G.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the analysis and evaluation of the fundamental theoretical and historical research — a monograph, which reveals the patterns of historical legal development from the change of technological orders. The purpose is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed work. New methodological approaches of the authors of the monograph are noted, who, within the framework of an interdisciplinary synthesis, applied the provisions of the theory of technological orders to the historical and legal study of the dynamics of Russian law. It is concluded that the reviewed monograph is an innovative and scientifically significant interdisciplinary study that makes a significant contribution to legal science, to the understanding of historical and modern processes in the legal sphere of society under the influence of technological innovations.
Green Synthesis AgNPs Immobilized to Whatman Paper Using Chromolaena odorata Extract and Its Application as Photocatalyst
Authors:   Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa, Firanita Kiki , Hidayat Syamsul ,   Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa, Ikram Fadhli Dzil ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa, Bahtiar Syamsul ,   Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa, Yanuar Emsal ,   Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology
Published: July 2022

Synthesis and immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to Whatman paper carried out using Cromolaena odorata extract irradiated by sunlight. The UV-Vis shows silver nanoparticles successfully formed from AgNO3 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM with the absorption peaks at 455 nm, 452 nm, and 451 nm, respectively. The SEM shows AgNPs are spherical with an average particle size are 60.45 nm, 63.19 nm, and 68.42 nm, respectively. The EDX spectrum shows the composition of silver immobilized to Whatman paper increase with increasing concentration of 10.14Wt%, 64.48Wt%, and 70.48 Wt%, respectively. AgNPs/Whatman paper has a cubic crystal structure, space group Fm-3m, lattice parameter (a) 4.0862 Ǻ and crystal size of 42.94 nm. FTIR reach peaks at 520.78 cm-1 and 1,059 cm-1 explains the vibration of the Ag-O bonds indicated the formation of AgNPs. Furthermore, the photocatalyst ability for dye degradation was evaluated using methylene blue 10 ppm under sunlight for 6 hours. The result shows a changed colour to fade and decreases the absorbance ability of methylene blue. Therefore, it can be concluded that green synthesis and immobilization of AgNPs/Whatman paper have a potential to be applied as photocatalyst materials for dye degradation.
Study of the Structure of MnxFe3-xO4-Poly(m-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid) Composites Based on Natural Sand
Authors:   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Choerullah Andy , Sunaryono Sunaryono ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Hidayat Arif ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik ,   Department of Bioscience, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Published: July 2022

MnxFe3-xO4-Poly(m-ABS) nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized by in-situ polymerization. In the formation of MnxFe3-xO4-Poly(m-ABS) nanocomposites, FeCl synthesized from iron sand acts as an oxidant and m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (m-ABS) as a monomer. Structural characterization has been successfully carried out using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. XRD test results show that the MnxFe3-xO4-Poly(m-ABS) nanocomposite has a particle size of about 10.62 nm. The appearance of peaks (111) and (620) with low intensity indicated the presence of poly(m-ABS). This low intensity was probably caused by the amorphous character of polyaniline and its derivatives. The FTIR results show the appearance of asymmetrical and symmetrical S=O strains, S-O, and C-S strains are the main characteristics of poly(m-ABS) which indicate the success of monomer polymerization. The results of the SEM test show that circular shapes dominate the particles with varying sizes with an average size of 42 nm. This result is different from the XRD results because SEM can only measure the surface of the particles, so the resulting size tends to be larger. Based on the study of the structure obtained shows that the MnxFe3-xO4-Poly(m-ABS) nanocomposite has the potential to be applied to energy conversion devices.
Design A Battery Charger with Arduino Uno-Based for A Wind Energy Power Plant
Authors:   Marine Electrical Engineering, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Nugraha Anggara Trisna , Priyambodo Dadang ,   Marine Electrical Engineering, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Sarena Sryang Tera ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham
Published: July 2022

In 2019, fossil energy produced more than 88% of Indonesia's electrical energy. For this reason, innovation in supplying electrical energy via renewable energy is required. One of them is wind energy with a potential of 60.6 GW, which has only been utilized at 0.15 GW or only 0.25% of the existing potential. One of the essential components in this power plant is the battery. The process of charging the battery that is not suitable can cause a decrease in battery performance. Therefore, a battery charger is built that uses a buck converter to lower the voltage while employing PI control to regulate the output voltage. From system testing, it is found that the output voltage of the charge controller is stable, where the most significant error value from the output voltage value is 0.972%. The average output current from the buck converter test using the PI approach is 16.84 mA, while the average input current is 15.73 mA. As a result, this charge controller can improve the battery charger's charging efficiency and hence lengthen the battery's lifetime.
Grecoli Candy from Grape and Broccoli to Boost the Body's Immune System in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Fathurochman Fadhil , Hartatiek Hartatiek ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ermalita Nadya Eka Agustin ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Rizki Lintang Miftahul ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ahmad Norhayati ,   Department of Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Published: July 2022

Grapes and broccoli have been scientifically proven to have high antioxidant content to increase the body's immune power compared to other fruits or vegetables. An immunomodulator is a compound that can regulate the activity and function of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to find out how to improve the body's immune system amid the COVID-19 pandemic and also to find out how to make food practically consumed to help increase the body's immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, grapes and broccoli were extracted and then boiled at a temperature of ±85–100℃, then mixed with several ingredients, including sucrose, glucose, citric acid, gelatin, and flavourings. The antioxidant test was carried out using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. After obtaining the antioxidant value, a spectrophotometric test was carried out to determine the maximum wavelength and absorbance value obtained. For the first sample, the results were 22.88 mmAAE/mL extract. In contrast, the second sample obtained results of 25.01mmAAE/mL extract.
In Memoriam: David R. Spencer
Authors: Edge Marc
Published: July 2022

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Artificial Techniques Based on Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Combination Approach for Avoiding Dynamic Obstacles
Authors: Yosif Zead Mohammed , Mahmood Basil Shukr , Saeed Saad Zaghlul
Published: July 2022

The autonomous mobile robot must be capable of avoiding static and dynamic obstacles in the environment and navigating towards the target without any human effort. A valid low-cost path from start to goal is obtained by A* algorithm. Neural network used for Zone classification. The relative values between mobile robot and obstacle are used for classification which are distance, velocity, and angle. Zone1 is very dangerous while zone 5 is not dangerous. If the neural network classifies the obstacle as a dangerous obstacle and activates the controller. The fuzzy logic makes a decision as a reaction of mobile robot to prevent collision. There are three inputs to the fuzzy logic (relative velocity, relative distance, and relative angle) between mobile robot and obstacle. The outputs of fuzzy logic are velocity and steering angle of mobile robot. Static obstacles have been added to the environment in addition to dynamic obstacles to make the environment more complex. Three dangerous dynamic obstacles to the mobile robot are tested. While mobile robot is avoiding one obstacle, another obstacle enters critical zone and becomes dangerous to mobile robot. The mobile robot avoids the second obstacle while it is avoiding the first obstacle. Then the velocities of mobile robot and obstacles have been increased to prove that the proposed system can handle cases with faster velocities. The simulation results for the tested cases shows the capability of the proposed method for avoiding static and dynamic obstacles in fully known environment.
Present and Future Impacts of Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
Authors: Ikubanni Peter P. , Adeleke Adekunle A. , Agboola Olayinka O. , Christopher Chiebuka T. , Ademola Boluwatife S. , Okonkwo Joseph , Adesina Olanrewaju S. , Omoniyi Peter O. , Akinlabi Esther T.
Published: July 2022

The world is a growing place with great technological advancement in all areas of life. For some decades now, various disciplines and industries have been engaged in using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) across different nations. CAD/CAM utilizes computers to integrate design and manufacturing processes for quality product attainment. This review article examined the present impacts of CAD/CAM on some sectors such as architecture, manufacturing, engineering and design, electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, aerospace, and medicine. Highlights on some applications and future impacts of CAD/CAM have also been discussed. The numerous impacts of CAD/CAM are discussed in the study. It was concluded that CAD/CAM had become integral parts of our world to ease production against traditional methods. The study recommended more research focus on biomaterials for 3-D bioprinting for tissue engineering applications.
The Design and Simulation of a Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid Using a Boost Converter
Authors: Moulay Fatima , Habbati Assia , Lousdad Abdelkader
Published: July 2022

The objective of this paper is to present the modelling and simulation of the PV generation system connected to the network under MATLAB/Simulink. Firstly, a mathematical model of the Photovoltaic Module is developed taking meteorological data namely the irradiance and temperature as input variables needed to model this device. The output can be current, voltage or power. The model allows the prediction of the behavior and characteristics of the PV module based on the equivalent circuit of the mathematical model under different temperatures and solar radiation readings. Secondly the PV array is connected to the boost DC-DC converter, the control systems based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with P&O algorithm helps the PV array to generate the maximum power to the grid in case of changing weather conditions, then in the third step, it is integrated into AC power grid by DC/AC inverter to control active and reactive power to achieve unity power factor which is validated by satisfactory results. In this paper, different cases are simulated and the results verified the validity of the models.
Fairness Perception of Policy Stakeholders in College Admission in Korea
Authors: Song Kyoung-oh , Kwon Bo-Young , Jeong Yuri
Published: July 2022

It has been known that Korea has the highest college enrollment rate due to the role that college entrance plays in determining the socioeconomic status of students in their future. About 10 years ago, the Ministry of Education in Korea initiated the Comprehensive School Report-based Admission (CSRA) under the recognition that the college admission system needs to be diversified. Since then, the fairness of the CSRA has been at the center of controversy. This study aimed to draw the implications for college admission policies by comparing the perception of the main stakeholders (students and parents, teachers, admission officers, and faculty admission committee) on the CSRA. The perception data of 150 participants on the six aspects of the CSRA were gathered through a questionnaire and the results were analyzed for group differences. A FGI was additionally administered with 12 participants. This study found that the stakeholders perceived the CSRA as important and necessary. However, the perception of the stakeholders on the fairness of the CSRA presented itself differently depending on the interests each group holds. The results of this study showed that close examination of the multifaceted perceptions and individualized experiences of the stakeholders should be taken into consideration when the perception of fairness in the CSRA is examined. It also implied that the government should provide stakeholders with the opportunities to be informed of the CSRA to promote trust in the policy.
Professor Moslem Bahadori (1927-2022)
Authors: Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Ejtemaei Mehr Shahram , Rezaei Nima
Published: July 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.
The Association Between COVID-19 and Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Challenge for Health Care System
Authors: Arianezhad Ali , Azizolahi Behnam , Ghaffaripour Reza
Published: July 2022

The emerging disease of COVID-19 was announced as a pandemic in 2020, with wide prevalence worldwide. After the duration of the pandemic of the disease, reports based on the invasion of Aspergillus into patients' lungs with COVID-19 and their hospitalization in ICU were published by the researchers, which attracted the attention of other researchers to perform such studies. In this review, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Wiley, ProQuest, Sid, Cochrane, and the search engine Google Scholar were searched for publications by the keywords include COVID-19, Aspergillus, SARS-CoV-2, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, fungal and viral co-infection or a combination of them. The data were extracted and descriptively discussed. Not many studies have been performed on the association between aspergillosis and COVID-19. However, although the results of the studies suggest some possible causes of these concomitant infections like underlying diseases and prolonged mechanical ventilation, they also recommend further studies. Since the diagnosis of common fungal and viral infections is difficult, the concurrent incidence of these two infections in patients becomes a therapeutic challenge. Accordingly, this issue increased the mortality rate in this group of patients, especially in those hospitalized in ICU. According to the recently performed studies, various problems, including underlying diseases and difficult diagnostic methods of some dangerous diseases like invasive aspergillosis, are discussed in patients with COVID-19.
Serum Hepcidin and Ferritin Have Not Correlation With Inflammatory Markers in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Mortazavi Khorasgani Nayyereh Sadat , Momeni Ali , Kheiri Soleiman , Masumi Rohollah , Mardani Saeed , Salehi Choliche Fateme , Saeedi Maryam , Rashidi Farzad , Shabani Broujeni Sepideh
Published: July 2022

In renal transplant patients, increased ferritin is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, transplant rejection, and mortality. Serum ferritin elevates in renal transplant patients due to blood product transfusion, inflammation, and malignancies. Hepcidin is also a peptide hormone produced in the liver in response to anemia, hypoxia, or inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ferritin, hepcidin, iron, TIBC, and serum inflammatory markers in renal transplant patients. The cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 60 renal transplant patients referred to Hazrat-Rasool and Imam-Ali clinics and Al-Mahdi Laboratory of Shahrekord selected by convenience sampling method. Serum ferritin, hepcidin, iron, TIBC, and inflammatory markers levels were determined by standard kits by ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Serum iron had a significant negative correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r= -0.418, P=0.001) and a negative correlation with C reactive protein (CRP) (r= - 0.243, P=0.061). TIBC had a significantly negative association with ferritin (r= - 0.27, P=0.037). Ferritin, hepcidin, and TIBC were not significantly correlated with inflammatory factors. The results of the study showed no significant relationship between ferritin, hepcidin, and TIBC with inflammatory factors in renal transplant patients.
Perianal Plasmoacanthoma After BCG-Immunotherapy: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Goodarzi Azadeh , Chalangari Reza , Martits-Chalangari Katalin , Haddadi Nazgol-Sadat , Mansouri Parvin
Published: July 2022

Plasmoacanthoma is a rare verrucous tumor classified as a form of reactive plasmacytosis. We present the first reported case of plasmoacanthoma following exposure to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and a comprehensive review of the literature to better illustrate the patients’ characteristics and proposed risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of current reports. A 64-year-old female presented with a perianal hyperkeratotic plaque and diffused inflammatory macerated erosions in the intergluteal cleft and adjacent to the plaque after intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Laboratory studies disclosed systemic abnormalities and local infection or malignancies. Biopsy showed intradermal polyclonal plasma cell infiltration with acanthosis. The lesions were successfully treated with carbon dioxide laser ablation followed by the combination of pulsed dye laser and intralesional corticosteroid. Diagnosis of cutaneous reactive plasmacytosis should be confirmed by excluding the systemic causes of plasmacytosis and malignancies. It responds well to intralesional corticosteroids; however, in severe cases and large sizes, other treatments such as carbon dioxide laser ablation and pulsed dye laser should be considered as a combined therapy. Identification of causative factors is impractical while skin irritants with subsequent inflammation seem to be involved; as in the current report, BCG contact with skin initialized the pathologic process.
Global radio visibility of low-orbit spacecraft
Authors:   JSC «TsNIIMash», Lucenko Y.S. , Polivnikov V.M. ,   JSC «TsNIIMash», Malashin A.A. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: July 2022

Design optimization of the orbital and target groups of spacecrafts, ground-based control facilities and reception of target information is impossible without taking into account the global visibility of the spacecraft by ground-based means. The estimation of this parameter is traditionally performed using numerical methods for calculating spacecraft flight paths over long time intervals and does not allow us to visualize the relationship between the trajectory parameters and the effectiveness of the systems. The article considers several variants of analytical methods for calculating the global visibility, which allows us to evaluate the capabilities of operational control of the spacecraft and to obtain target information, the load of ground-based means, the volume of transmitted (received) information and the effectiveness of systems. The conclusion of the ratios for calculating the globality coefficient, graphs of its changes for low-orbit spacecraft, and an estimate of the accuracy of the obtained ratios are given. The graphs of global visibility make it easy to determine the optimal characteristics of the space-time structures of the created systems at the initial stage of design. Estimates of the accuracy of the results were obtained using «accurate» spacecraft flight models and confirm the recommendations for the practical application of the research results. The results obtained are of practical interest in the design of any space spacecraft systems in circular orbits.
Olginsky larch (Larix Olgensis A. Henry) current state on Borisov plateau (Primorsky region)
Authors:   Primorsk State Agricultural Academy, Rozlomiy N.G. , Mirhaydarov V.Y. ,   Primorsk State Agricultural Academy, Belov A.N. ,   Primorsk State Agricultural Academy; Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Haifeng Wu ,   Shenyang Institute of Technology No. 1
Published: July 2022

The modern literature on dendrology recognizes and describes 3 species of larch: Gmelin (Daurian) larch (L. gmelinii (Rupr) Rupr), Kayander larch (L. cajanderi Mayr.) and Olginsky larch (Larix olgensis A. Henry). However, Far Eastern foresters-researchers believe that the Lyubarsky larch, described in 1931 by V.N. Sukachev, grows on the territory of Primorsky Krai. The article presents research data on the current state of the Olginskaya larch (Lyubarsky larch) biogroups on the territory of the Borisov Plateau in Primorsky Krai. The Olginsky larch vegetation area and the grass cover of the territory is described in detail. The characteristics of the stand are given according to taxation indicators: origin, composition divided into stories (by weight and number of trees), age, forest density, average height and diameter, bonus, sum of cross-sectional areas, stock. The measurement results of 100 larch trees (diameter and height) were processed in the Exel STATISTIKA program. The age of the stand was determined, the influence of the average annual temperature and the annual amount of precipitation on the growth of larch in diameter was analyzed. The dynamics of the growth of model trees in diameter is analyzed. It has been established that the Olginskaya larch under the conditions of the Borisov Plateau shows negative growth rates in diameter with a lack and excess of moisture, and also at high temperatures the growth rates decrease. The analysis showed that in the conditions of the Borisov plateau there is a general dependence of the increments in diameter on climatic factors. Larch trees growing in the same micro-conditions showed completely different growth rates, which is obviously explained by genetic differences.
Genus birch (Betula L.) leaf plates pigmentation
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Babaev R.N. ,   Union of Forest Owners of the Nizhny Novgorod region, Besschetnova N.N. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Besschetnov V.P. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
Published: July 2022

A comparative assessment of various species included in the taxonomic system of the genus birch (Betula L.) by the content of pigments in the leaf apparatus was carried out. The content of pigments involved in photosynthesis was determined by spectrophotometric analysis. The concentration of pigments was estimated by the optical density of the extract from the crushed sheet plate in 96 % ethanol. It is established that the pigment composition of the leaf apparatus of various types and forms of birch is determined by genotypic and phenotypic features. The studied samples within the species showed a more restrained character in terms of the difference in pigment composition in relation to the interspecific ratio in June. However, when taking into account the same studied signs in July and August, their restraint was also observed between species and forms. The hereditary and adaptive nature of the content of photosynthetic pigments of the leaf apparatus allows us to consider this indicator as one of the identification features during the selection inventory and revision of the assortment composition of breeding and seed-growing objects. Taking into account the success of the growth of European birch on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region, it follows that Karelian birch is suitable for introduction into the newly created plantings, as experiments emphasize its pronounced similarity with the native species.
Agricultural land change in Udmurt Republic
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Zhizhin C.M. , Zalesov S.V. ,   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Magasumova A.G. ,   Ural State Forest Engineering University
Published: July 2022

Based on the inventory of agricultural land materials for 1992 and the space images of high spatial resolution interpretation it was analyzed the distribution of agricultural land in the Udmurt republic by types and area. It is noted that over a 27 year period the area of cultivated agricultural land has decreased in the Republic by almost quarter at the same time in absolute terms arable land decreased most of all whill in relative terms fallow lands and hayfields. 27,0 th of ha (6,2 %) of total area of unused agricultural land was lost irretrievably as it was transferred for the construction linear and area facilities. The amount of undergrowth on 327,6 th./ha of former agricultural lands. The amount of undergrowth allows to transfer them to areas covered with forest vegetation lands. Taking into account the age of the formed young stands and their taxation indicators it is advisable to carry on scientifically based forestry on the indicated areas with thinning aimed at accelerating of tactical mature wood culturation. On 79,9 th./ha of arable lands, woody vegetation is at the stage of formation. Taking into account the effective soil fertility, these areas should divided into 2 groups. The first group will consist of a plot where effective soil fertility makes possible to grow a crop equal to or greater that the average grain yields in the municipal district over past four years escaping measures to improve soil fertility. Such plots should be returned to agricultural use. The second group with a total of 43,8 th./ha is a plot where without radical soil improvement grain yields are less than the average yield for the mancapal district over the post four years. At is advisable to give them for the creation of forest plantations from fast growing tree species with a short turnover of felling.
Age and species composition changes in Orekhovo-Zuevskoe forest division after fires and engraver beetle mass reproduction in 2010–2015
Authors:   The State Governmental Institution of the Moscow reg. «Mosoblles», Zakharov V.P. , Korotkov S.A. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch); Institute of Fоrеst Science Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubey D. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: July 2022

The changes in the species and age composition of the forest fund of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky forest division of the Moscow region, which occurred after the disastrous fires of 2010 and the subsequent outbreak of the engraver bark beetle, are considered in the article. The analysis of the forest inventory of the revision periods of 2002 and 2020 was carried out and the comparison of the following forest inventory indicators was made: the areas occupied by plantations of the main forest-forming species, the areas occupied by plantations of various age classes. Separately, the changes in forest inventory indicators for the severely affected Gubinsky district forestry were analyzed. The impact of catastrophic changes on the structure of forests is identified as an important task for further study. It has been established that there has been a significant increase of young trees growth in the areas of dead plantations within the boundaries of the forestry. Despite the significant volumes of the creation of coniferous forest plantings, there was a sharp increase in the areas occupied by birch trees of the first age classes. In addition, there was an increase in the proportion of birch plantations of older ages, which are on the verge of disintegration of the main canopy. The main directions of forestry management for the coming years are formulated, including high-quality forest care measures, the formation of sustainable plantations of small- leaved young trees and ensuring protection from fires of forest crops adjacent to public roads and agricultural land plots or settlements occupied by herbaceous vegetation. Special attention should be paid to the natural processes of development of forest ecosystems, including the renewal of coniferous and broad-leaved species and the succession of stands of small-leaved species by spruce. Proposals are made regarding approaches to forest management, taking into account the predominance of their environmental and recreational functions.
Clonal micropropagation improvement technique of Lonicera Caerulea L. promising cultivars
Authors:   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orlova N.D. , Raeva-Bogoslovskaya E.N. ,   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Molkanova O.I. ,   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

The work is devoted to the optimization of clonal micropropagation method of the Lonicera caerulea L. cultivars. The influence of various components of the nutrient medium at all stages of cultivation in vitro has been established. The highest multiplication factor in varieties Diana and Yugana was noted with the addition of glucose at a concentration of 40 g/l and the addition of sucrose at a concentration of 20 g/l. When studying the effect of auxin type on the root formation of honeysuckle varieties, the highest percentage of rooting in Yugana varieties was observed on a nutrient medium with indolylbutyric acid (99 %), and in Gzhelka variety with indoleacetic acid (96 %). It was found that 200 mg/l of iron chelate (Fe(III)-EDDHA) in the composition of the nutrient medium had a positive effect on the percentage of root formation of the variety Diana 81 %. For the Yugana variety (rooting rate 76 %), it is better to use a nutrient medium with the addition of iron chelate Fe(III)-EDTA at a concentration of 73,4 mg/l.
Analysis of genus Clematis L. varieties collection in modern collection fund of Main Botanical Garden RAS Laboratory of Ornamental Plants
Authors:   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Trubina N.N. , Mamaeva N.A. ,   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khokhlacheva Yu.A. ,   The N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the structure of the modern collection of varieties of the genus Clematis L. of the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The peculiarities of the distribution of cultivars by belonging to the pruning groups are established. The distribution of varieties depending on their country of origin is characterized. The dominance of the USSR and Great Britain, which at different times were the leaders of the world culture selection, is revealed. The distribution of varieties by the periods of their creation has been studied: from cultivars obtained in 1850–1860 to the breeding achievements of the XXI century, which confirms the presence of a wide morphological diversity of cultigenic representatives of the genus Clematis L. A variant of placing some varieties on the collection and exposition site of the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, allowing, in addition to scientific work, if necessary, implement educational and educational projects.
Techniques to Measure Moisture Content in Timber: A Review and Proposal for Inter-digital Sensing
Authors: Oommen B.A. , Philip J.
Published: July 2022

Timber is a commonly used building material which is porous in nature, continuously maintaining equality with relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity. Moisture content influences several performance parameters like timber durability, immunity to deterioration etc. Several procedures have been attempted which enables to measure the moisture contents in timber consistently and rather accurately. This review provides the technical details of the methodologies attempted so far to estimate moisture contents in timber specimens. The proposed inter-digital sensing was carried out at Department of Instrumentation, CUSAT during 2019-2020. Implementation of a method employing a spiral inter-digital capacitive sensor, which is low in cost and non-invasive in nature, is presented and discussed.
Type II Vagal Indigestion and Adynamic Ileus in a Pregnant Cow with Haemato-biochemical and Blood Gas Analysis
Authors: Saravanan S. , Sundararajan R.C. , Madhesh E. , Kumar V.
Published: July 2022

Background: Vagal indigestion in cattle is an abdominal disorder resulting from mechanical or functional obstruction of the fore stomach and/or abomasum outflow. Prognosis is usually poor except in late pregnancy indigestion. A Holstein- Friesian cow in late pregnancy was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex with the complaint of hyporexia, papple-shaped abdomen, dyschezia and voidance of pellety or dark scanty and greenish pasty dung for 8 days. Methods: Physical examination revealed papple-shaped abdomen. Rectal examination revealed L-shaped rumen and dilated intestinal loops. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed neutrophilia, hyperglobulinemia, hypocalcaemia and hypokalemia. Blood gas analysis revealed no alterations. Ultrasonogram revealed normal architecture and motility of abomasum and absence of impaction. Result: Type II vagal digestion was identified as a cause in association with functional (adynamic) ileus which was due to with hypokalemic alkalosis and hypocalcaemia. The case responded to the treatment with cholinergic drugs, fluid therapy, antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs and oral electrolytes.
The Time of Artificial Insemination with Cooled Semen does not Affect the Pregnancy Rate in Anestrous Goats
Authors: Alvarado-Espino Alan Sebastián , Alvarado-Espino Ariadna Vanessa , Arellano-Rodríguez Fernando , Flores-Salas Jessica , Moreno-Avalos Silvestre , Delgado-González Ramón , Véliz-Deras Francisco Gerardo
Published: July 2022

Background: The time of artificial insemination (AI) concerning ovulation is one of the main factors that affect the pregnancy rate. This study aimed to compare the time of AI with cooled semen in anestrous goats treated with progesterone (P4) plus hCG-based protocol and the effect of management condition on pregnancy rate. Methods: Forty-nine crossbred (local x dairy goats) and thirty-nine Alpine anestrous multiparous goats managed under extensive and intensive production systems respectively, were used (June, 25°N). Goats were treated with 20 mg of P4 followed by 100 IU of hCG 24 h later. On the day of hCG administration (Day 0), goats in each management system were allocated randomly to each of the two treatment groups. Goats in the first group received a fixed-time AI (FTAI) at 48 and 60 h after hCG whereas goats of the second group received a FTAI at 60 and 72 h with cooled semen. Goats were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (7.5 MHz) 45 days after AI to determine the pregnancy rate. Result: There was no significant difference in pregnant goats inseminated at 48 and 60 h (46.8%, 22/47) or 60 and 72 h (46.3%, 19/41) after hCG administration (P greater than 0.05). There was a tendency for a higher pregnancy rate in intensive compared to extensive management conditions (P=0.09) and no interaction was detected between the time of insemination and the management condition system (P greater than 0.05).
Estimation of Irrigation Requirement and Schedule in Southern Odisha for Major Rabi Cereal Crops using FAO CROPWAT 8.0 Model
Authors: Sagar Lalichetti , Sairam Masina , Reddy M. Devender
Published: July 2022

Background: The increasing population and need for higher quantity of food grain production necessitates efficient use of limited water in the country, as agriculture sector alone uses 78% of water resources of India. During rabi season, mostly the crops are grown with irrigation in southern Odisha. There is no enough information on water and irrigation requirement of maize, sorghum and pearl millet crops grown in the region, which necessitated this study. Methods: The model-based study involving FAO CROPWAT 8.0 was used for the estimation of gross and net irrigation requirement and scheduling of maize, sorghum and pearl millet grown in southern Odisha. Result: The water requirement estimated with FAO CROPWAT 8.0 model during rabi for maize, sorghum and pearl milletgrown in Southern Odisha was 252.3, 197.9 and 172 mm and irrigation requirement was 231.2, 178.8 and 156.3 mm respectively.