bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fetal Growth Restriction: Comparison of Biometric Parameters
Authors: Marchand Carolin , Köppe Jeanette , Köster Helen Ann , Oelmeier Kathrin , Schmitz Ralf , Steinhard Johannes , Fruscalzo Arrigo , Kubiak Karol
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to identify growth-restricted fetuses using biometric parameters and to assess the validity and clinical value of individual ultrasound parameters and ratios, such as transcerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference (TCD/AC), head circumference/abdominal circumference (HC/AC), and femur length/abdominal circumference (FL/AC). In a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study, the biometric data of 9292 pregnancies between the 15th and 42nd weeks of gestation were acquired. Statistical analysis included descriptive data, quantile regression estimating the 10th and 90th percentiles, and multivariable analysis. We obtained clinically noticeable results in predicting small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses at advanced weeks of gestation using the AC with a Youden index of 0.81 and 0.96, respectively. The other individual parameters and quotients were less suited to identifying cases of SGA and FGR. The multivariable analysis demonstrated the best results for identifying SGA and FGR fetuses with an area under the curve of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. The individual ultrasound parameters were better suited to identifying SGA and FGR than the ratios. Amongst these, the AC was the most promising individual parameter, especially at advanced weeks of gestation. However, the highest accuracy was achieved with a multivariable model.
Genetics and Genomics Teaching in Nursing Programs in a Latin American Country
Authors: Lopes-Júnior Luís Carlos , Bomfim Emiliana , Flória-Santos Milena
Published: July 2022

Although the importance of genetics and genomics in nursing education has been widely recognized, surveys carried out in several countries show that these subjects are still limited in nursing undergraduate programs. In Latin America, the teaching of genetics and genomics in nursing programs has never been previously documented. Considering this scenario, we aimed to investigate how genetics and genomics have been taught in undergraduate nursing programs in Brazil. A total of 138 undergraduate nursing program coordinators and 49 faculty members were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. After IRB approval, data were collected using an online survey, covering curriculum design, faculty credentials, genetics and/or genomics teaching, as well as their impressions regarding the document “Essential Nursing Competencies and Curricula Guidelines for Genetics and Genomics”. Genetics is taught in most of the investigated courses (67.3%), mainly by biologists (77.6%), with master’s degree (83.7%), and with the syllabus mainly focused on molecular biology. More instructors agreed with Competency 2 (C2) which refers to advocating for clients’ access to desired genetic/genomic services and/or resources including support groups as well as C23 which refer to using health promotion/disease prevention practices that incorporate knowledge of genetic and genomic risk factors, than coordinators. That is, the participants’ type of appointment (instructors vs. coordinators) had a significant effect on their agreement level with competencies C2 (χ2 = 6.23, p = 0.041) and C23 (χ2 = 9.36, p = 0.007). Overall, a higher number of participants with both master’s and Ph.D. degrees significantly agreed with competencies C2, C4, which refer to incorporating genetic and genomic technologies and information into registered nurse practice, and C5—demonstrating in practice the importance of tailoring genetic and genomic information and services to clients based on their culture, religion, knowledge level, literacy, and preferred language, when compared to those with Ph.D. only, and those with a master’s degree only (χ2 = 8.73, p = 0.033; χ2 = 8.61, p = 0.033; χ2 = 8.61, p = 0.033, respectively). Our results support reflections on ways to prepare the nursing workforce to deliver personalized nursing care. Additionally, they can be an aid in establishing guidelines for the undergraduate nursing curricula in Brazil and in other Portuguese-speaking countries, as well as in Latin America.
The Impact of Hip Dysplasia on CAM Impingement
Authors: Heimer Carsten Y. W. , Wu Chia H. , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian , Göhler Friedemann , Winkler Tobias , Bäcker Henrik C.
Published: July 2022

Predisposing factors for CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) include acetabular protrusion and retroversion; however, nothing is known regarding development in dysplastic hips. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between CAM-type FAI and developmental dysplastic hips diagnosed using X-ray and rotational computed tomography. In this retrospective study, 52 symptomatic hips were included, with a mean age of 28.8 ± 7.6 years. The inclusion criteria consisted of consecutive patients who suffered from symptomatic dysplastic or borderline dysplastic hips and underwent a clinical examination, conventional radiographs and rotational computed tomography. Demographics, standard measurements and the rotational alignments were recorded and analyzed between the CAM and nonCAM groups. Among the 52 patients, 19 presented with CAM impingement, whereas, in 33 patients, no signs of CAM impingement were noticed. For demographics, no significant differences between the two groups were identified. On conventional radiography, the acetabular hip index as well as the CE angle for the development of CAM impingement were significantly different compared to the nonCAM group with a CE angle of 21.0° ± 5.4° vs. 23.7° ± 5.8° (p = 0.050) and an acetabular hip index of 25.6 ± 5.7 vs. 21.9 ± 7.3 (p = 0.031), respectively. Furthermore, a crossing over sign was observed to be more common in the nonCAM group, which is contradictory to the current literature. For rotational alignment, no significant differences were observed. In dysplastic hips, the CAM-type FAI correlated to a lower CE angle and a higher acetabular hip index. In contrast to the current literature, no significant correlations to the torsional alignment or to crossing over signs were observed.
Conservation and Development: Spatial Identification of Relative Poverty Areas Affected by Protected Areas in China and Its Spatiotemporal Evolutionary Characteristics
Authors: He Xi , Li Aoxue , Li Junhong , Zhuang Youbo
Published: July 2022

Currently, biodiversity conservation and the achievement of common prosperity are important challenges. China bid farewell to “absolute poverty” in 2020 but continues to face challenges, such as relative multidimensional poverty, especially in regions of protected areas (PA). The correlation between poverty and the natural environment leads to further research on the distribution and spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of relative poverty regions affected by the restrictive policies of PA. Quantitative research on these regions helps researchers formalize ecological indemnification policies based on the condition of different regions, thereby stabilizing efforts toward poverty alleviation. Through a study on relative poverty areas in 489 county-level administrative regions in China influenced by 477 national nature reserves, this study formulated a multidimensional integrated poverty index model that comprises three systems, namely, natural environment, economy, and society and 13 indicators. Using the comprehensive index, spatial analysis, and cluster analysis to investigate the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of poverty from 2014 to 2019, the study created a distribution map of relative poverty regions affected by PA. The results indicated the following. (i) Relative poverty regions are mainly concentrated in provinces on the northwest side of the Hu Line with strong spatial correlation between these regions. Among them, the relatively poor areas with persistent deterioration become the keystone to stabilizing poverty alleviation and promoting green development. (ii) Poverty alleviation focuses on the economic dimension, whereas the environmental and social dimensions lack engagement. (iii) Conservation areas overlap with relative poverty regions. However, the increase in PA does not necessarily lead to the aggravation of the poverty in counties. The results offer a valuable reference for decision makers in formulating targeted policies and measures for areas affected by PA to facilitate green development and common prosperity.
Exploring the Positional Effects in Sound Symbolism: The Case of Hardness Judgments by English and Japanese Speakers
Authors: Shinohara Kazuko , Uno Ryoko
Published: July 2022

Sound symbolism refers to the systematic and iconic relationships between sounds and meanings. While the research on this topic is growing rapidly, one issue that is understudied in the literature is whether segments in psycholinguistically salient positions (e.g., word-initial position) exhibit stronger sound–symbolic effects. We report two experiments that, together, show Japanese speakers are more sensitive to the sound–symbolic values of segments in initial syllables, whereas English speakers, rather surprisingly, are more sensitive to the sound–symbolic values of segments in final syllables. This cross-linguistic difference is intriguing, and we believe it opens up opportunities for future experimentation.
Arthrodesis and Defect Bridging of the Upper Ankle Joint with Allograft Bone Chips and Allograft Cortical Bone Screws (Shark Screw®) after Removal of the Salto-Prosthesis in a Multimorbidity Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Pastl Klaus , Pastl Eva , Flöry Daniel , Borchert Gudrun H. , Chraim Michel
Published: July 2022

The case describes the revision of an upper ankle prosthesis because of loosening. When ankle replacement is the first choice and actual bone quality does not allow a replacement of the prosthesis, arthrodesis is the only way of reducing pain and gaining stability. The amount of missing bone due to the removed prosthesis was severe. Shark Screws®, made of human allograft cortical bone, were used to fix an allograft femoral head and tibia as well as fibula and talus to each other for stabilization. This was performed without any autologous bone graft and without metal screws. The human matrix of the cortical allograft allows the creation of new vessels followed by osteoblastic activity and production of new bone. The revascularization of the allografts reduces the risk of infection and wound problems. Over time, the patient’s bone metabolism allows the allografts to be remodeled into the patient’s bone. The case reported here had severe multimorbidity. The loosening of the prosthesis mainly affected the ability to perform housework, mobility, enjoying leisure, and it had a great impact on the emotion and well-being of the patient. One year after surgery, the patient is very satisfied to be able to walk without pain and scratches for about 90 min.
Upregulation of VSIG4 in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Han Sang Youb , Ghee Jung Yeon , Cha Jin Joo , Kang Young Sun , Hur Dae Young , Kim Han Seong , Cha Dae Ryong
Published: July 2022

Fibrosis is the final common finding in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease. V-set Ig domain containing 4 (VSIG4) is related to fibrosis in several diseases. It also contributes to fibrosis under high-glucose conditions in renal tubule cells. To determine the role of VSIG4 in type 2 diabetes, we examined VSIG4 expression in a type 2 diabetic animal model and podocyte. Urinary excretion of albumin and VSIG4 was significantly higher in db/db mice than in the control group. Urine VSIGs levels for 6 h were about three-fold higher in db/db mice than in db/m mice at 20 weeks of age: 55.2 ± 37.8 vs. 153.1 ± 74.3 ng, p = 0.04. Furthermore, urinary VSIG4 levels were significantly correlated with urinary albumin levels (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). Intrarenal VSIG4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in db/db mice than in control mice (1.00 ± 0.35 vs. 1.69 ± 0.77, p = 0.04). Further, VSIG4 expression was almost twice as high in db/db mice at 20 weeks of age. Intrarenal VSIG immunoreactivity in db/db mice was also significantly higher than that in control mice. In cultured podocytes, both high glucose and angiotensin II significantly upregulated the expression of VSIG4 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, VSIG4 was upregulated in an animal model of type 2 diabetes and was related to albuminuria and pro-fibrotic markers. Considering these relationships, VSIG4 may be an important mediator of diabetic nephropathy progression.
Myocardial Ischemia Related to Common Cancer Therapy—Prevention Insights
Authors: Badescu Minerva Codruta , Badulescu Oana Viola , Scripcariu Dragos Viorel , Butnariu Lăcrămioara Ionela , Bararu-Bojan Iris , Popescu Diana , Ciocoiu Manuela , Gorduza Eusebiu Vlad , Costache Irina Iuliana , Rezus Elena , Rezus Ciprian
Published: July 2022

Modern antineoplastic therapy improves survival and quality of life in cancer patients, but its indisputable benefits are accompanied by multiple and major side effects, such as cardiovascular ones. Endothelial dysfunction, arterial spasm, intravascular thrombosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis affect the coronary arteries, leading to acute and chronic coronary syndromes that negatively interfere with the oncologic treatment. The cardiac toxicity of antineoplastic agents may be mitigated by using adequate prophylactic measures. In the absence of dedicated guidelines, our work provides the most comprehensive, systematized, structured, and up-to-date analyses of the available literature focusing on measures aiming to protect the coronary arteries from the toxicity of cancer therapy. Our work facilitates the implementation of these measures in daily practice. The ultimate goal is to offer clinicians the necessary data for a personalized therapeutic approach for cancer patients receiving evidence-based oncology treatments with potential cardiovascular toxicity.
Ischemic Heart Disease and Liver Cirrhosis: Adding Insult to Injury
Authors: Gîrleanu Irina , Trifan Anca , Huiban Laura , Muzîca Cristina , Petrea Oana Cristina , Sîngeap Ana Maria , Cojocariu Camelia , Chiriac Stefan , Cuciureanu Tudor , Costache Irina Iuliana , Stanciu Carol
Published: July 2022

The link between heart and liver cirrhosis was recognized decades ago, although much data regarding atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are still missing. Ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD) and liver cirrhosis could be associated with characteristic epidemiological and pathophysiological features. This connection determines increased rates of morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. In the era of a metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pandemic, primary prevention and early diagnosis of coronary artery disease could improve the prognosis of liver cirrhosis patients. This review outlines a summary of the literature regarding prevalence, risk assessment and medical and interventional treatment options in this particular population. A collaborative heart–liver team-based approach is imperative for critical management decisions for patients with CAD and liver cirrhosis.
The Role of Supply Chain Resilience on SMEs’ Performance: The Case of an Emerging Economy
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed Awad , Salam Mohammad Asif
Published: July 2022

Existing studies have predominantly explored the influence of supply chain resilience on the performance of firms in the context of developed economies. This study highlights the need for SMEs to be prepared to tackle uncertainties in business operations. Background: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in every economy, and limited studies have highlighted the significance of resilience in the firms. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of supply chain resilience on SMEs’ performance in Saudi Arabia based on three dimensions of resilience, namely agility, robustness, and flexibility. It aims to investigate how they relate to the dimensions of SMEs’ performance, namely production performance and market/sales performance. This study also investigates the overall impact of supply chain resilience as a construct on SMEs’ performance. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design to answer the research questions. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The study was based on 255 samples of managers in SMEs from Saudi Arabia. The hypothesized model has been tested using the SPSS/Amos 26. Results: Based on the findings, it has been found that supply chain agility and flexibility had a significant positive relationship with SMEs’ production and marketing/sales performances. Supply chain robustness demonstrated a significant positive relationship with SMEs’ production performance but not their marketing/sales performances. Overall, there was a significant positive relationship between supply chain resilience and SMEs’ performance. Conclusions: This study contributes to the body of literature on supply chain resilience by expounding knowledge on aspects such as agility, flexibility, and robustness. The study enhances our understanding of the role of supply chain resilience on SMEs’ performance in an emerging economy context.
CFD Investigation of Reynolds Flow around a Solid Obstacle
Authors: Patel Ruchita , Khan Zulfiqar Ahmad , Saeed Adil , Bakolas Vasilios
Published: July 2022

The Reynolds equation defines the lubrication flow between the smooth contacting parts. However, it is questionable that the equation can accurately anticipate pressure behavior involving undeformed solid asperity interactions that can occur under severe operating conditions. Perhaps, the mathematical model is inaccurate and incomplete, or some HL (hydrodynamic lubrication) and EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) assumptions are invalid in the mixed lubrication region. In addition, the asperity contact boundary conditions may not have been properly defined to address the issue. Such a situation motivated the recent study of a 3D CFD investigation of Reynolds flow around the solid obstacle modelled in between the converging wedge. The produced results have been compared to analytical and numerical results obtained by employing the Reynolds equation. The validated CFD simulation is compared with the identical wedge, with cylindrical asperity at the center. A significant increase in pressure has been predicted because of asperity contact. The current study shows that the mathematical formulation of the ML problem has shortcomings. This necessitates the development of a new model that can also include fluid flow around asperity contacts for the accurate prediction of generated pressure. Consequently, sustainable tribological solutions for extreme loading conditions can be devised to improve efficiency and component performance.
Calculation Model of Mechanical and Sealing Properties of NiTi Alloy Corrugated Gaskets under Shape Memory Effect and Hyperelastic Coupling: I Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhu Lingxue , Liu Yang , Li Mingxuan , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaolei
Published: July 2022

NiTi alloy’s shape memory effect provides additional restoring force under temperature loads, making it an ideal material for gaskets. However, its yield stress is too large to form the initial seal. In this paper, by combining the advantages of corrugated structure and NiTi alloy’s shape memory effect, a NiTi alloy corrugated gasket is proposed. Its mechanical properties were studied using experiments and the finite element method. The influences of geometric parameters on gasket performance were discussed. The results show that the shape memory effect can greatly improve the contact stress of gaskets. The corrugation can effectively reduce the pre-tightening force. The contact stress of NiTi alloy corrugated gasket is significantly affected by plate thickness, gasket height, and corrugation pitch and shows a high nonlinear characteristic. The proposed finite element method (FEM) and the gasket contact stress prediction model are accurate and engineering available.
Adaptive Neural Tracking Control for Nonstrict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Control Gains via Dynamic Surface Control Method
Authors: Deng Xiongfeng , Yuan Yiming , Wei Lisheng , Xu Binzi , Tao Liang
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses the tracking control problem of nonstrict-feedback systems with unknown control gains. The dynamic surface control method, Nussbaum gain function control technique, and radial basis function neural network are applied for the design of virtual control laws, and adaptive control laws. Then, an adaptive neural tracking control law is proposed in the last step. By using the dynamic surface control method, the “explosion of complexity” problem of conventional backstepping is avoided. Based on the application of the Nussbaum gain function control technique, the unknown control gain problem is well solved. With the help of the radial basis function neural network, the unknown nonlinear dynamics are approximated. Furthermore, through Lyapunov stability analysis, it is proved that the proposed control law can guarantee that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and the tracking error can converge to an arbitrarily small domain of zero by adjusting the design parameters. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
Spontaneous Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Martínez-Díez Yolanda , Franganillo-Suárez Aida , Salgado-Sánchez Rocío , Atance-Pasarisas Mireia , Blas Carlos , Cotti-Ferrari María José , Castaño-Bonilla Tamara , Lainez-González Daniel , Rodríguez-Pinilla Socorro María , Llamas-Sillero Pilar , Alonso-Dominguez Juan Manuel
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous remissions (SRs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are infrequent, poorly documented and transient. Similarly, morphological and cytogenetic complete remissions (CR) under azacitidine treatment are scarce. We report a 71-year-old man with a secondary AML arising from essential thrombocythemia (ET), who developed an SR after discontinuation of azacitidine following a respiratory infection (four courses were administered). The distinctive feature of our case is the depth of the achieved CR, documented by next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. We also detected persistence of molecular lesions that might already have been present in the previous ET clone. Our patient relapsed 5 months after achieving CR. We conclude that our patient showed a spontaneous remission of his AML rather than an exquisite response to azacitidine. We hypothesize that the concurrent respiratory infection, or any other unknown trigger, might have activated his immune system forcing the leukemic stem cell to enter a quiescent state through a yet unexplained mechanism.
Oxytocin: Narrative Expert Review of Current Perspectives on the Relationship with Other Neurotransmitters and the Impact on the Main Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Florea Tudor , Palimariciuc Matei , Cristofor Ana Caterina , Dobrin Irina , Chiriță Roxana , Bîrsan Magdalena , Dobrin Romeo Petru , Pădurariu Manuela
Published: July 2022

Is a cyclic neuropeptide produced primarily in the hypothalamus and plays an important neuromodulatory role for other neurotransmitter systems, with an impact on behavior, response to danger, stress, and complex social interactions, such as pair bonding and child care. This narrative expert review examines the literature on oxytocin as a brain hormone. We focused on oxytocin structure, distribution, genetics, and the oxytocin receptor system, as well as the relationship of oxytocin with other neurotransmitters and the resulting impacts on the main psychiatric disorders. Oxytocin levels have been correlated over time with mental illness, with numerous studies focusing on oxytocin and the pathophysiology of the main psychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, personality disorders, mood, and eating disorders. We highlight the role oxytocin plays in improving symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and social behavior, as the literature suggests. Risk factors and causes for psychiatric disorders range from genetic to environmental and social factors. Oxytocin could impact the latter, being linked with other neurotransmitter systems that are responsible for integrating different situations during the development phases of individuals. Also, these systems have an important role in how the body responds to stressors or bonding with others, helping with the creation of social support groups that could speed up recovery in many situations. Oxytocin has the potential to become a key therapeutic agent for future treatment and prevention strategies concerning the main psychiatric disorders.
Cobalt-Based Cathode Catalysts for Oxygen-Reduction Reaction in an Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Hsieh Tar-Hwa , Wang Yen-Zen , Ho Ko-Shan
Published: July 2022

A novel cobalt-chelating polyimine (Co-PIM) containing an additional amine group is prepared from the condensation polymerization of diethylene triamine (DETA) and terephthalalehyde (PTAl) by the Schiff reaction. A Co, N-co-doped carbon material (Co-N-C), obtained from two-stage calcination in different gas atmospheres is used as the cathode catalyst of an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). The Co-N-C catalyst demonstrates a CoNx-type single-atom structure seen under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The Co-N-C catalysts are characterized by FTIR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy as well. Their morphologies are also illustrated by SEM and TEM micrographs, respectively. Surface area and pore size distribution are found by BET analysis. Co-N-C catalysts exhibit a remarkable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at 0.8 V in the KOH(aq). From the LSV (linear-sweeping voltammetry) curves, the onset potential relative to RHE is 1.19–1.37 V, the half wave potential is 0.73–0.78 V, the Tafel slopes are 76.9–93.6 mV dec−1, and the average number of exchange electrons is 3.81. The limiting reduction current of CoNC-1000A-900 is almost the same as that of commercial 20 wt% Pt-deposited carbon particles (Pt/C), and the max power density (Pmax) of the single cell using CoNC-1000A-900 as the cathode catalyst reaches 361 mW cm−2, which is higher than Pt/C (284 mW cm−2).
Chemical Cleaning and Membrane Aging in MBR for Textile Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yu Huarong , Shangguan Siyuan , Xie Chenyu , Yang Haiyang , Wei Chunhai , Rong Hongwei , Qu Fangshu
Published: July 2022

Membrane bioreactors have been widely used in textile wastewater treatment. Intensive chemical cleaning is indispensable in the MBR for textile wastewater treatment due to the severe membrane fouling implied. This work investigated the aging of three different membranes, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyether sulfone (PES), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), in the MBRs for textile wastewater treatment. Pilot-scale MBRs were operated and the used membrane was characterized. Batch chemical soaking tests were conducted to elucidate the aging properties of the membranes. The results indicated that the PVDF membrane was most liable to the chemical cleaning, and the PES and PTFE membranes were rather stable. The surface hydrophobicity of the PVDF increased in the acid aging test, and the pore size and pure water flux decreased due to the elevated hydrophobic effect; alkaline oxide aging destructed the structure of the PVDF membrane, enlarged pore size, and increased pure water flux. Chemical cleaning only altered the interfacial properties (hydrophobicity and surface zeta potential) of the PES and PTFE membranes. The fluoro-substitution and the dehydrofluorination of the PVDF, chain scission of the PES molecules, and dehydrofluorination of the PTFE were observed in aging. A chemically stable and anti-aging membrane would be of great importance in the MBR for textile wastewater treatment due to the intensive chemical cleaning applied.
Finite Element Analysis of Fluid–Structure Interaction in a Model of an L-Type Mg Alloy Stent-Stenosed Coronary Artery System
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Yang Yuzhuo , Wang Hui , Peng Wenpeng , Lu Xunan , Peng Yijia , Zheng Feng , Chen Shanshan
Published: July 2022

The coronary stent deployment and subsequent service process is a complex geometric/physical nonlinear and fluid–structure coupling system. Analyzing the distribution of stress–strain on the stent is of great significance in studying the deformation and failure behavior. A coupled system dynamics model comprising stenotic coronary artery vessels and L-type Mg alloy stents was established by applying the polynomial hyperelastic constitutive theory. The nonlinear, significant deformation behavior of the stent was systematically studied. The stress–strain distribution of the coupling system during stent deployment was analyzed. The simulation results show that the edges of the supporting body fixed without a bridge are the weakest zone. The stress changes on the inside of the wave of the supporting body are very large, and the residual stress accumulated in this area is the highest. The peak stress of the plaque and the arterial wall was lower than the damage threshold. The velocity of the blood between the wave crest of the supporting body is large and the streamline distribution is concentrated. In addition, the inner surface pressure on the stent is evenly distributed along its axial dimension. The maximum arterial wall shear stress always appears on the inside of the wave crest of the supporting body fixed with a bridge, and, as such, the largest obstacle to the blood flow is in this zone.
Recrystallization Behavior of Warm Rolling and Cold Rolling Cr-Ti-B Steel during Annealing
Authors: Huang Ankang , Wang Zhigang , Yuan Qiangqiang , Chen Rongchun , Qin Jing , Zhang Yinghui , Liu Weizhen
Published: July 2022

To study the nucleation and recrystallization behavior of deformation bands, shear bands and grain boundaries during the recrystallization process, a heat treatment test was carried out on Cr-Ti-B low-carbon steel after warm rolling and cold rolling. The results show that recrystallization occurs preferentially in shear bands and grain boundaries. The γ deformation texture can be enhanced and the Goss texture can be weakened during the warm rolling and subsequent cold rolling process. Recrystallization of the deformation bands was observed, but the nucleation time of recrystallization in the deformation band is much slower than that in the shear band and grain boundary.
Application of Machine Learning for Data with an Atmospheric Corrosion Monitoring Sensor Based on Strain Measurements
Authors: Okura Taisei , Kasai Naoya , Minowa Hirotsugu , Okazaki Shinji
Published: July 2022

Machine learning methods were applied to data with an atmospheric corrosion monitoring sensor based on strain measurements to improve the evaluation accuracy of the thickness reduction of a low-carbon steel plate due to atmospheric corrosion. Monitoring data used in this study were taken in a previous study using active–dummy strain gauges for corrosion product experiments. Values measured by the gauges before inducing corrosion via saltwater treatment of the test piece and reference data of the thickness reduction in a reference test piece were used for training data. By using the trained machine learning methods, the errors for the outputs of the machine learning models were smaller than those for the evaluation in monitoring data of our previous study.
The Microstructure and the Properties of 304 and 430 Steel Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Using CaCl2 as a Space Holder
Authors: Liang Jichao , Zhang Guangcheng , Zhou Yun , Song Shaowei , Zuo Xiaoqing , Wang Hui
Published: July 2022

In order to prepare stainless steel foams (SSFs) with high specific strength, cost-effective performance, and multiple relative density ranges, this work used CaCl2 as a space holder to prepare 304 and 430 SSF samples with different relative densities using the powder metallurgy method. The microstructure and the properties were compared and analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a universal testing machine. The results show that the matrix of 304 SSFs is austenite and 430 is ferrite. In the quasi-static compression test, when the relative density was in the range of 0.33~0.12, their compressive strength increased with the relative density increasing; the maximum compressive strength of 304 SSFs reached 40.29 MPa and that of 430 SSFs was 49.79 MPa. While the compressive strength of 430 SSFs is significantly higher than 304 SSFs at a similar relative density, 304 SSFs show better stability in the plastic deformation stage. When the deformation reached densification, the maximum energy absorption value of 304 SSFs reached 15.94 MJ/m3, while 430 SSFs was 22.70 MJ/m3. The energy absorption value increased with the relative density increasing, and 430 SSFs exhibited a higher energy absorption capacity than 304 SSFs.
Effects of Metabolic Disorders in Immune Cells and Synoviocytes on the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Blagov Alexander V. , Grechko Andrey V. , Nikiforov Nikita G. , Zhuravlev Alexander D. , Sadykhov Nikolay K. , Orekhov Alexander N.
Published: July 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease that affects the joints. It has been proven that, with the development of RA, there are changes in the metabolism of cells located in the focus of inflammation. In this article, we describe the connection between metabolism and inflammation in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. We consider in detail the changes in metabolic processes and their subsequent immunomodulatory effects. In particular, we consider how changes in mitochondrial functioning lead to the modulation of metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. We also describe the main features of the metabolism in cells present in the synovial membrane during inflammation, and we discuss possible targets for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
Analytical Modeling of a New Compliant Microsystem for Atherectomy Operations
Authors: Ursi Pietro , Rossi Andrea , Botta Fabio , Belfiore Nicola Pio
Published: July 2022

This work offers a new alternative tool for atherectomy operations, with the purpose of minimizing the risks for the patients and maximizing the number of clinical cases for which the system can be used, thanks to the possibility of scaling its size down to lumen reduced to a few tenths of mm. The development of this microsystem has presented a certain theoretical work during the kinematic synthesis and the design stages. In the first stage a new multi-loop mechanism with a Stephenson’s kinematic chain (KC) was found and then adopted as the so-called pseudo-rigid body mechanism (PRBM). Analytical modeling was necessary to verify the synthesis requirements. In the second stage, the joint replacement method was applied to the PRBM to obtain a corresponding and equivalent compliant mechanism with lumped compliance. The latter presents two loops and six elastic joints and so the evaluation of the microsystem mechanical advantage (MA) had to be calculated by taking into account the accumulation of elastic energy in the elastic joints. Hence, a new closed form expression of the microsystem MA was found with a method that presents some new aspects in the approach. The results obtained with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were compared to those obtained with the analytical model. Finally, it is worth noting that a microsystem prototype can be fabricated by using MEMS Technology classical methods, while the microsystem packaging could be a further development for the present investigation.
Fe(III)–Chitosan Microbeads for Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) and Phosphate Ions
Authors: Tandekar Swati A. , Pande Manoj A. , Shekhawat Anita , Fosso-Kankeu Elvis , Pandey Sadanand , Jugade Ravin M.
Published: July 2022

Fe(III)–chitosan microbeads (Fe–CTB) were prepared using a chemical coprecipitation method. SEM–EDX, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and pH pzc were performed for the characterization of the adsorbent. Various parameters were optimized as pH, adsorption time, adsorbent dose, initial Cr(VI), and PO43− ion concentration and the effect of assorted ions for adsorption studies. Fe–CTB microbeads revealed more than 80% detoxification for a 100 mg L−1 initial concentration at pH 3 with 60 min stirring of Cr(VI) and PO43− ion having adsorption capacities of 34.15 and 32.27 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption process for Cr(VI) and PO43− ion followed the monolayer adsorption as they favored the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies’ emphasis on the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic with pseudo-second-order kinetics for both adsorbates. The microbeads were found to be reusable in multiple cycles.
Energy Drive for the Kiruna Mining District Mineral System(s): Insights from U-Pb Zircon Geochronology
Authors: Logan Leslie , Andersson Joel B. H. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Martinsson Olof , Bauer Tobias E.
Published: July 2022

The Kiruna mining district, Sweden, known for the type locality of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, also hosts several Cu-mineralized deposits including iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG), exhalative stratiform Cu-(Fe-Zn), and structurally controlled to stratabound Cu ± Au. However the relationship between the IOA and Cu-systems has not been contextualized within the regional tectonic evolution. A broader mineral systems approach is taken to assess the timing of energy drive(s) within a regional tectonic framework by conducting U-Pb zircon geochronology on intrusions from areas where Cu-mineralization is spatially proximal. Results unanimously yield U-Pb ages from the early Svecokarelian orogeny (ca. 1923–1867 Ma including age uncertainties), except one sample from the Archean basement (2698 ± 3 Ma), indicating that a distinct thermal drive from magmatic activity was prominent for the early orogenic phase. A weighted average 207Pb/206Pb age of 1877 ± 10 Ma of an iron-oxide-enriched gabbroic pluton overlaps in age with the Kiirunavaara IOA deposit and is suggested as a candidate for contributing mafic signatures to the IOA ore. The results leave the role of a late energy drive (and subsequent late Cu-mineralization and/or remobilization) ambiguous, despite evidence showing a late regional magmatic-style hydrothermal alteration is present in the district.
First Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Compounds Formed by Ge-V-O Clusters and Transition Metal Complexes of Aromatic Organic Ligands
Authors: Guo Hai-Yang , Qi Hui , Zhang Xiao , Cui Xiao-Bing
Published: July 2022

Three compounds based on Ge-V-O clusters were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, XRD, ESR, elemental analysis and X-ray crystal structural analysis. Both [Cd(phen)(en)]2[Cd2(phen)2V12O40Ge8(OH)8(H2O)]∙12.5H2O (1) and [Cd(DETA)]2[Cd(DETA)2]0.5[Cd2(phen)2V12O41Ge8(OH)7(0.5H2O)]∙7.5H2O (2) (1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, en = ethylenediamine, DETA = diethylenetriamine) are the first Ge-V-O cluster compounds containing aromatic organic ligands. Compound 1 is the first dimer of Ge-V-O clusters, which is linked by a double bridge of two [Cd(phen)(en)]2+. Compound 2 exhibits an unprecedented 1-D chain structure formed by Ge-V-O clusters and [Cd2(DETA)2]4+ transition metal complexes (TMCs). [Cd(en)3]{[Cd(η2-en)2]3[Cd(η2-en)(η2-μ2-en)(η2-en)Cd][Ge6V15O48(H2O)]}∙5.5H2O (3) is a novel 3-D structure which is constructed from [Ge6V15O48(H2O)]12− and four different types of TMCs. We also synthesized [Zn2(enMe)3][Zn(enMe)]2[Zn(enMe)2(H2O)]2[Ge6V15O48(H2O)]∙3H2O (4) and [Cd(en)2]2{H8[Cd(en)]2Ge8V12O48(H2O)}∙6H2O (5) (enMe = 1,2-propanediamine), which have been reported previously. In addition, the catalytic properties of these five compounds for styrene epoxidation have been assessed.
Does Hamiltonian Replica Exchange via Lambda-Hopping Enhance the Sampling in Alchemical Free Energy Calculations?
Authors: Procacci Piero
Published: July 2022

In the context of computational drug design, we examine the effectiveness of the enhanced sampling techniques in state-of-the-art free energy calculations based on alchemical molecular dynamics simulations. In a paradigmatic molecule with competition between conformationally restrained E and Z isomers whose probability ratio is strongly affected by the coupling with the environment, we compare the so-called λ-hopping technique to the Hamiltonian replica exchange methods assessing their convergence behavior as a function of the enhanced sampling protocols (number of replicas, scaling factors, simulation times). We found that the pure λ-hopping, commonly used in solvation and binding free energy calculations via alchemical free energy perturbation techniques, is ineffective in enhancing the sampling of the isomeric states, exhibiting a pathological dependence on the initial conditions. Correct sampling can be restored in λ-hopping simulation by the addition of a “hot-zone” scaling factor to the λ-stratification (FEP+ approach), provided that the additive hot-zone scaling factors are tuned and optimized using preliminary ordinary replica-exchange simulation of the end-states.
Research Progress of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with Broadband Reflection
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Wang Hao , He Wanli , Yang Zhou , Cao Hui , Wang Dong , Li Yuzhan
Published: July 2022

Cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) materials with broadband reflection are witnessing a significant surge in interest due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architecture and their excellent selective reflection of light based on the Bragg relationship. Nowadays, by the virtue of building self-organized nanostructures with pitch gradient or non-uniform pitch distribution, extensive work has already been performed to obtain ChLC films with a broad reflection band. This critical review systematically summarizes the optical background of the ChLCs with broadband reflection characteristics, methods to obtain broadband reflection of ChLCs, as well as the application in this area. Combined with the research status and the advantages in the field, the challenges and opportunities of applied scientific problems in the research direction are also introduced.
Effect of Wax Composition and Shear Force on Wax Aggregation Behavior in Crude Oil: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Wang Shuang , Cheng Qinglin , Gan Yifan , Li Qibin , Liu Chao , Sun Wei
Published: July 2022

To explore the influence of different wax components and the shear effect exerted by the pump and pipe wall in the process of crude oil pipeline transportation on the microbehavior of wax aggregation in crude oil at low temperatures, molecular dynamics models of binary and multivariate systems of crude oil with different wax components are established in this paper. The simulation results are compared with the existing experimental results and the NIST database to verify the rationality and accuracy of the models. By using the established binary model to simulate four crude oil systems containing different wax components, it can be found that the longer the wax molecular chain, the more easily the wax molecules aggregate. The influence of temperature on the aggregation process of wax molecules with different chain lengths is also studied. The lower the temperature, the greater the difference in wax molecular aggregation degree caused by the difference in molecular chain length. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics is used to simulate the shear process of a multivariate system of crude oil, and the micromechanisms of the shear effect on the aggregation process of wax molecules are studied. Shearing can destroy the stable structure of crude oil, resulting in the orientation and conformational transformation of wax molecules, and obtaining the region of wax molecules sensitive to temperature and shear effects, the temperatures of which are below the wax precipitation point and the shear rate of which is lower than the maximum shear rate to prevent the molecular structure from being destroyed. At the same time, the sensitivity of wax components with different chain lengths to the shear effect is studied. The research results provide theoretical guidance for ensuring the safe and economic operation of waxy crude oil production.
Co-Combination of Pregabalin and Withania coagulans-Extract-Loaded Topical Gel Alleviates Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in the Chronic Sciatic Nerve Constriction Injury for Neuropathic Pain in Animal Model
Authors: Asghar Anam , Aamir Muhammad Naeem , Sheikh Fatima Akbar , Ahmad Naveed , Elsherif Mervat A. , Abbas Bukhari Syed Nasir
Published: July 2022

The current study reports the fabrication of co-combination gel using Pregabalin and Withania coagulans fruit extract to validate its effectiveness for neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models. Three topical gels were prepared using Carbopol 934 through a pseudo-ternary phase diagram incorporating the Pregabalin (2.5%), Withania coagulans extract (2%), and co-combination of both Pregabalin (2.5%) and Withania coagulans extract (2%). Gels were characterized. FTIR showed a successful polymeric network of the gel without any interaction. The drug distribution at the molecular level was confirmed by XRD. The AFM images topographically indicated the rough surface of gels with a size range from 0.25 to 330 nm. DSC showed the disappearance of sharp peaks of the drug and extract, showing successful incorporation into the polymeric network of gels. The in vitro drug release of co-combination gel was 73% over 48 h. The mechanism of drug release by combination gel was Higuchi+ fickian with values of n (0.282) and R2 (0.947). An in vivo study for pain assessment via four methods: (i) heat hyperalgesia, (ii) cold allodynia, (iii) mechano-hyperalgesia, and (iv) dynamic mechano-allodynia, confirmed that topical treatment with co-combination gel reduced the pain significantly as indicated by the p value: R1 (p < 0.001), R2 (p < 0.001), R3 (p < 0.015), and R4 (p < 0.0344). The significance order was R2 (****) > R1 (***) > R3 (**) > R4 (*) > R5 (ns).
Non-Invasive Method to Predict the Composition of Requeijão Cremoso Directly in Commercial Packages Using Time Domain NMR Relaxometry and Chemometrics
Authors: de Oliveira Machado G. , Teixeira Gustavo Galastri , Garcia Rodrigo Henrique dos Santos , Moraes Tiago Bueno , Bona Evandro , Santos Poliana M. , Colnago Luiz Alberto
Published: July 2022

Low Field Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) relaxometry was used to determine moisture, fat, and defatted dry matter contents in “requeijão cremoso” (RC) processed cheese directly in commercial packaged (plastic cups or tubes with approximately 200 g). Forty-five samples of commercial RC types (traditional, light, lactose-free, vegan, and fiber) were analyzed using longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation measurements in a wide bore Halbach magnet (0.23 T) with a 100 mm probe. The T1 and T2 analyses were performed using CWFP-T1 (Continuous Wave Free Precession) and CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) single shot pulses. The scores of the principal component analysis (PCA) of CWFP-T1 and CPMG signals did not show clustering related to the RC types. Optimization by variable selection was carried out with ordered predictors selection (OPS), providing simpler and predictive partial least squares (PLS) calibration models. The best results were obtained with CWFP-T1 data, with root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.38, 4.71, 3.28, and 3.00% for defatted dry mass, fat in the dry and wet matter, and moisture, respectively. Therefore, CWFP-T1 data modeled with chemometrics can be a fast method to monitor the quality of RC directly in commercial packages.