bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of Winter Wheat to Phosphate as Affected by Soil and Climatic Factors1
Authors: Eck Harold V. , Stewart Bobby A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Climatic and agronomic variables are shown to be more closely related to yield response of winter wheat to phosphorus than is NaHCO3‐extractable P2O5. It appears that soil tests alone, or in combination with climatic and agronomic variables, are presently of limited value for predicting yield response of dryland winter wheat to phosphorus in the Southern Great Plains.
Simplified Procedures for Radioassay and Autoradiography of Plant Materials1
Authors: Inselberg Edgar
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Compared with the conventional end window Geiger tube, the jacketed counter for the radioassay of liquids had higher precision and counting efficiency, eliminated the need for pipetting and evaporating samples prior to radioassay, and was suitable for counting digested plant samples.

The autoradiographic technique was considerably simplified through the use of individually packed film, thus eliminating the need for light‐proof equipment. Autoradiograms of corn, soybeans, tobacco, and tomato plants are presented.
Grain Yields, Evapotranspiration, and Water Use Efficiency of Grain Sorghum under Different Cultural Practices1
Authors: Brown Paul L. , Shrader W. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Dryland grain sorghums showed a marked response to plant populations, row spacings, and stored soil moisture under drouth conditions. Under extreme drouth conditions in 1955 there was an inverse relationship between forage and grain production. Water use efficiency for grain production increased as the amount of stored moisture increased.
A Legume for Native Flood Meadows: II. Phosphorus Fertilizer Requirements for Maintaining Stands of White‐Tip Clover (Trifolium variegatum)1
Authors: Cooper C. S. , Hunter A. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Annual applications of 40 pounds of P2O5 per acre resulted in nearly maximum yields of mixed clover‐rush‐sedge hay. Residual phosphorus was adequate for plant growth only if 120 pounds of P2O5 per acre or more had been applied in the previous year. Nearly maximum yields were obtained when the phosphorus content of hay was between 0.20 and 0.23%.
Influence of Exchangeable K and Na in the Soil on Growth and Chemical Composition of Lovell Peach Seedlings and Other Crops1
Authors: Martin J. P. , Jones W. W. , Ervin J. O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In Yolo loam and Hanford sandy loam, peach seedlings, onions, carrots, radishes, vetch, and alfalfa tolerated exchangeable K levels equal to 22% or more of exchange capacity. Thirty‐six percent K reduced growth or caused leaf injury of all species except vetch and alfalfa. Peach seedlings were relatively sensitive and vetch relatively tolerant to high exchangeable Na. About 4% leaf R and trace percentages of Na reduced peach seedling growth.
Chromosome Pairing in Hybrids Between Tetraploid Medicago sativa L. and Diploid Medicago falcata L.1
Authors: Cleveland R. W. , Stanford E. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cytological and limited genetic studies of tetraploid hybrids, triploid hybrids, and parental species indicated that gross homology was very high between M. sativa and M. falcata chromosomes. A chromosome pairing behavior deviating from that expected for a true autotetraploid appeared to be in existence in M. sativa.
Effect of Root‐Knot Nematodes on Persistence of White Clover1
Authors: Baxter L. W. , Gibson Pryce B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The persistence of white clover under field conditions was reduced by each of the five root‐knot nematodes that occur in the southeastern United States.
Effect of Gibberellin, Sodium Hypochlorite, Light, and Planting Depth on Germination of Guayule Seed1
Authors: Hammond Bayard L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Both embryo and inner seedcoat dormancy of freshly harvested guayule achenes were completely broken by continuous exposure to daylight during a germination period of 3 weeks. Gibberellin substituted for light in completely breaking both embryo and inner seedcoat dormancy. Reducing the depth of immediate sand covers increased germination of untreated and hypo‐chlorite‐treated achenes, mainly because of light transmission through the sand. Gibberellin increased emergence of nondormant seed under a soil cover.
Regression of Milk Production on Forage Production and Forage Consumption1
Authors: Austenson H. M. , Murdock F. R. , Hodgson A. S. , Russel Thomas S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Milk yield was correlated with forage yield and consumption, when expressed on a per acre basis, and regression equations are given to show this relation. Milk production per cow was of greater economic significance than milk production per acre. Returns were higher for orchardgrass plus Ladino clover than for orchardgrass plus N fertilization.
Studies on Free Amino Acids in the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Its Honeydew, and Several Alfalfa Selections, in Relation to Aphid Resistance1
Authors: Marble V. L. , Meldeen John C. , Murray Hazel C. , Zscheile F. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Several trends were revealed, possibly related to resistance. Large differences between the contents of β‐alanine and ethanolamine were found in aphids on resistant and susceptible alfalfa. Ethanolamine and pipecolic acid were identified as new constituents of alfalfa aphid honeydew. Environmental effects were significant.
Effect of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrachlorobenzene on the Germination and Seedling Vigor of Barley, Oats, and Wheat1
Authors: Ameen O. A. , Day A. D. , Hamilton K. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The effects were most detrimental in sandy soil. As the soil type changed from sand, to sandy loam, to clay loam, to clay, the damage decreased. With each increase in the interval between soil treatment and planting there was a general increase in germination and seedling vigor.
Inheritance of Reaction to Septoria avenae in Oats1
Authors: Hooker A. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In nine populations involving F2, F3, and F4 generations from several susceptible ✕ resistant crosses variation in segregating populations was continuous with distributions approaching normality. Heritability estimates, calculated by several methods, were high. The data indicate that Septoria reaction should be treated as a quantitative character in oat breeding.
Genetic Variability in an Advanced Generation of a Cross of Two Open‐Pollinated Varieties of Corn1
Authors: Moll R. H. , Robinson H. F. , Cockerham C. Clark
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The additive genetic variance for yield of grain in the F3 generation appears to be greater than the additive genetic variance in either parental variety, and the mean performance of the F3 is slightly greater than the average of the two varieties.
Performance of Inbred Lines, Polycross Progenies, and Synthetics of Tall Fescue Selected for Improved Palatability1
Authors: Buckner Robert C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Generally, the polycross progenies and synthetics were significantly better grazed than commercial varieties, compared favorably with them in seedling vigor, and approached commercial and naturalized varieties in yield.
Dry Matter Yield and Botanical Composition of an Orchardgrass‐Ladino White Clover Mixture Under Clipping and Grazing Conditions1
Authors: Taylor T. H. , Washko J. B. , Blaser R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Harvested herbage yields were not statistically different under clipping versus grazing conditions. Rapid shifts in botanical composition occurred from season to season that could not be attributed to grazing or clipping managements. However, within a season Ladino clover did better under clipping than under grazing conditions. Orchardgrass persisted better on the grazed plots. Plant responses within a season are attributed to animal preference of clover over grass. Ladino was very susceptible to injury from drouth and heaving.
The Prediction of the Relative Yields of Different Oat Varieties Based on Known Environmental Variables1
Authors: Grafius J. E. , Kiesling R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The development of a technique or method of estimating the behavior of oat varieties under different environments could replace much of the laborious work now being done in running over‐state trials. The proposed vector analysis appears to offer a feasible solution to the problem.
Field Studies of Internal Moisture Relations of the Corn Plant1
Authors: Namken L. N. , Lemon E. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The results of this study agree with the hypothesis that the electrical conductivity of corn stem tissue is primarily related to hydration of the cell wall. Plant stem resistance measurements taken before 8:00 a.m. show a carry‐over effect of moisture stress experienced by the plant during the preceding 24‐hour period or longer. Relative turgidity measurements of corn leaves taken at the same time did not show a marked carry‐over effect of internal moisture stress.
Corn‐Foxtail Competition Under Various Production Conditions1
Authors: Nieto H. Jorge , Staniforth David W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Corn yield reductions resulting from mature foxtail infestations averaged 20, 14, and 10 bushels per acre, respectively, with applications of 0, 70, and 140 pounds of elemental nitrogen per acre. Growth and yield of foxtail were depressed with higher corn plant populations. The roles of soil nitrogen, soil moisture, and corn plant populations are discussed. Possible effects of uncontrolled environmental and biological factors are recognized.
Some Factors That Affect Nitrate Accumulation in Forages1
Authors: Crawford R. F. , Kennedy W. K. , Johnson W. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The level of nitrogen fertilization, the species of forage, the part of the plant, the stage of maturity, and the light intensity all affected greatly the concentration of nitrate in forages. The time of nitrogen fertilization, the kind of nitrogen carrier, the placement of nitrogen fertilizer, and the addition of other plant nutrients had only small effect on the concentration of nitrate in forages.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Soil Type on the Amino Acid Content of Corn Grain1
Authors: MacGregor J. M. , Taskovitch L. T. , Martin W. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fertilization substantially increased the yield of corn grain, crude protein, and total amino acids, but the concentrations of all amino acids did not progressively increase with increased concentrations of crude protein.
Influence of Soil Moisture Potential and Evaporative Demand on the Actual Evapotranspiration from an Alfalfa Field1
Authors: Bahrani Bozorg , Taylor Sterling A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration decreased curvilinearly with the soil matric potential. Most of the reduction took place at high potentials (lower matric suctions). Daily net radiation decreased following alfalfa hay harvest and increased again following irrigation.
Yield, Moisture, and Protein Composition of Spring Oats Cut for Silage at Different Stages of Maturity1
Authors: Gardner F. P. , Wiggans S. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The data from these experiments suggest early to mid‐dough stage as optimum for harvesting spring oats as silage. Garry, a tall and late variety, generally produced more forage than mid‐season varieties. Oat variety or stage of harvest for silage had no effect on alfalfa hay yield the year following.
Dry Matter and Nitrogen Content of Oats Harvested at Various Stages1
Authors: Schmidt D. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Highest yields of dry matter and nitrogen were obtained when oats were harvested at maturity as grain and straw.
The Effect of Height and Frequency of Cutting on the Yield and Botanical Composition of Smooth Bromegrass and Orchardgrass Mixture1
Authors: Burger A. W. , Jackobs J. A. , Hittle C. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures produced more dry matter per season than orchardgrasslegume mixtures. Alfalfa‐grass mixtures produced higher yields than Ladino clover‐grass mixtures. Orchardgrass mixtures produced more herbage at the late compared to the early harvests and contained lower percentages of legume than the smooth bromegrass mixtures. Yields of the various mixtures were greater and less, respectively, at the hay and pasture frequencies than at the silage frequency of cutting.
A Plot Technique Study with Birdsfoot Trefoil1
Authors: Miller John D. , Koch E. James
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Effects of row spacing and border varieties were studied and an estimate of optimum plot size was determined. A plot of 8.3 feet of row was found to give the most information per dollar spent.
Effect of pH and Nitrogen Source on the Ability of Corn and Soybean to Obtain Iron Chelated with Ethylenediamine di(o‐Hydroxyphenylacetate)1
Authors: Bhan K. C. , Wallace A. , Krohn E. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Hawkeye and PI 54619‐5‐1 soybeans produced more dry matter in nutrient solutions at pH 7 and 8 than at pH 4. The effect was reversed with Pioneer 352 corn but this was complicated with Fe deficiency. The three plants tended to absorb less Fe as the pH was increased. The Fe was chelated with EDDHA which forms an Fe chelate extremely stable at high pH.
Corn Growth and Composition in Relation to Soil Fertility: I. Growth of Different Plant Parts and Relation between Leaf Weight and Grain Yield1
Authors: Hanway J. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The rate of dry matter accumulation in corn plants was linear over most of the growing season after leaf growth was nearly complete. Differences in soil fertility resulted in different rates of dry matter accumulation, but influenced all plant parts similarly. The yield of total dry matter and of grain in plants from different fertility levels was proportional to the weight of leaves even though the chemical composition of the leaves was extremely variable.
Corn Growth and Composition in Relation to Soil Fertility: II. Uptake of N, P, and K and Their Distribution in Different Plant Parts during the Growing Season1
Authors: Hanway J. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Differences in soil fertility influenced the amounts of N, P, and K taken up by corn plants, but did not markedly change the seasonal pattern of uptake and distribution of these elements in the plants. Large proportions of the N and P and a small proportion of the K were translocated from other plant parts to the grain. Late in the season K was lost from the leaves to the stalks.
Competition between Alfalfa and Sorghum for Moisture and Potassium in Greenhouse Culture1
Authors: Scott W. O. , Patterson F. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Results of greenhouse experiments indicated that competition between alfalfa and sorghum for moisture and for potassium was not great enough to seriously limit their use as companion crops.
Seeding Depth and Use of Press Wheels as Factors Affecting Winter Barley and Winter Wheat Yields in Kansas1
Authors: Stickler F. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Use of press wheels on the grain drill significantly increased winter wheat yields in 1 of 3 trials. Significant increases in winter barley production were obtained in 3 of 5 trials.
Influence of Time and Rate of Nitrogen Application on Production and Botanical Composition of Forage1
Authors: Alexander C. W. , McCloud D. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Orchardgrass‐alfalfa produced 2.5 tons per acre each year consisting of 35% alfalfa regardless of nitrogen level. Ladino clover in mixture 1 disappeared by the end of the second year and the remaining tall rescue or orchardgrass responded as pure‐grass stands. The grasses yielded 1.0 to 2.9 tons per acre with 0 to 360 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Orchardgrass stands were markedly thinned with 240 pounds or more of nitrogen.
Influence of Date of Seeding and Nitrogen Rates on Winter Wheat Varieties in Eastern Oregon1
Authors: Beutler L. K. , Foote W. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Some semidwarf winter wheat selections have a much earlier optimum seeding date than do currently grown varieties as measured by grain and straw yields. This adaptation to earlier fall seeding dates also influenced differential responses by variety to rates of nitrogen fertilizer.
Effects of Management Practices on Yield and Composition of Three Grass‐Legume Mixtures
Authors: Hunt O. J. , Wagner R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Height of cut, frequency and date of first cutting had marked influence on yields. Cutting to 2 inches produced more forage with a greater percentage of clover than cutting to 4 inches. Less frequent cutting produced more than frequent cutting for the first two seasons but decreased the clover content and yield in the third year. Less frequent cutting at a delayed first cutting date maintained good yields of smooth bromegrass.
Effect of 3‐Indolebutyric Acid on Shoot Development and Rooting of Several Bermudagrasses1
Authors: Hoveland C. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Shoot and root development of Coastal bermuda rhizomes was superior to that of Suwanee bermuda. IBA (3‐indolebutyric acid) improved shoot development and rooting of Suwanee. IBA increased rooting of Coastal but had no effect on shoot development of Coastal or Midland bermuda.
Germination of Grain Sorghum as Affected by Freezing Temperatures1
Authors: Gritton Earl T. , Atkins R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The effects of several freezing temperature durations on viability of sorghum seed of varying moisture content were evaluated using maturing seed of four sorghum genotypes. As moisture content of the grain increased and as temperature decreased, progressively shorter durations were necessary to effect reduced seed viability. Durations of as little as 1/2 to 1 hour at 20° and 14° F. caused marked loss of viability in high moisture grain.
Effect of Sorghum Maturity at Harvest and Variety on Certain Chemical Constituents in Sorghum Silages1
Authors: Owen F. G. , Webster O. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Advancing maturity of sorghums from the bloom to the hard‐seed stage resulted in significant decreases in moisture, crude protein, and crude fiber but in an increase in nitrogen‐free extract in sorghum silages. Hybrids were higher in crude protein and crude fiber but lower in nitrogen‐free extract than standard varieties. Sterile hybrids were higher in moisture and crude fiber and lower in nitrogen‐free extract than open‐pollinated hybrids.
Effect of Harvest Dates on Forage Sorghum Yields, Percentages of Dry Matter, Protein, and Soluble Solids1
Authors: Webster O. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The weekly accumulative yield increases following first bloom were: 27, 41, 59, 72, 76, 97, and 104%. Yields of sterile hybrids were 10 to 15% less than those which set seed, but the stover was higher in protein and soluble solids (sugars).
Effect of Fertilizer, Temperature, and Moisture on Germination of Wheat
Authors: Read D. W. L. , Beaton J. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Some fertilizers placed in soil near wheat seeds reduced and delayed germination. The amount of delay and reduction varied with fertilizers, temperature, moisture, and distance from seed to fertilizer.
Effect of Nitrogen on Yield, Boll, and Fiber Properties of Four Varieties of Irrigated Cotton1
Authors: MacKenzie A. J. , van Schaik P. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Four varieties of irrigated cotton responded similarly to applied N. Yield, plant characteristics, and boll properties were influenced by both variety and applied N while fiber and spinning properties were affected by variety only.
Plant and Performance Characteristics of Semidwarf Winter Wheats Producing Most Efficiently in Eastern Washington1
Authors: Vogel O. A. , Allan R. E. , Peterson C. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The most efficient semidwarf winter wheats for eastern Washington have strikingly similar head, leaf, culm, and growth characteristics. General plant and growth patterns of the most efficient selections are best represented by CI 13438. Likewise the best semidwarf variety suitable for commercial production is represented by Gaines. Comparative performances in varietal trials show distinctly greater efficiency in production of semidwarf over standard‐height commercial varieties in eastern Washington.
Irradiation for Increasing Winter Hardiness in Oats1
Authors: Coffman Franklin A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

There is little justification for enthusiasm for irradiation as a means of producing more winter hardy oats.
Effects of Population Levels on Yield and Maturity of Maize Hybrids Grown on the Northern Great Plains1
Authors: Termunde Darrold E. , Shank D. B. , Dirks V. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plant production reached a maximum at 12,000 to 16,000 plants per acre in eastern South Dakota. Grain production reached a maximum at the same level and fell off drastically if population levels exceeded this optimum. Under conditions of drouth, maximum yields may be associated with very low population levels.
What Is Being Taught in Introductory Soil Science Laboratories?1
Authors: Sabey B. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The following sequence of 10 most important topics, with the number of schools teaching each topic, was stressed: texture—65, moisture—60, soil reaction (pH) and limestone—58, rocks and minerals—56, structure‐55, profile study‐54, classification and survey—54, soil testing—51, microorganisms and organic matter—50, and fertilizers—47. Almost two‐thirds of the instructors provided at least as many hours in the laboratory as in the lecture. General chemistry was the most common prerequisite for the introductory soil science courses.
Effect of Row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Production of Irrigated Russian Wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.). II. Relative Crown and Root Development1
Authors: Lorenz Russell J. , Rogler George A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Root development under 3‐year‐old plots of irrigated Russian wildrye differed when grown at 9‐ and 36‐inch row spacings. Further study revealed a greater root weight per acre under rows 6 inches apart than under rows spaced 18 and 36 inches. Root concentration decreased with increased distance from the center of the row. Volume of roots increased with increasing N up to the 200‐pound rate, followed by a decrease at the 400‐pound rate.
Compatibility of 2‐Chloro‐6‐(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine with Medicago sativa L. Inoculated with Rhizobium meliloti1
Authors: McKell Cyrus M. , Derwyn R. , Whalley B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Greenhouse tests indicated no reduction in the survival of Rhizobium meliloti on alfalfa seeds and in soil fertilized with ammonium sulfate treated with 2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl) pyridine. Reduction in seedling growth of alfalfa plants was severe at 20 ppm of 2‐chloro‐6‐(trichlorornethyl) pyridine and slight at 1 ppm. Other deleterious effects on alfalfa seedlings were changes in nodule morphology and deformation of root tips.
Influence of Soil Moisture on the Herbage of Two Legumes and Three Grasses as Related to Dry Matter Yields, Crude Protein, and Botanical Composition1
Authors: Van Riper G. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa and alfalfa‐grass associations effectively utilized more soil moisture during a wet year followed by a dry year than birdsfoot trefoil and birdsfoot trefoil‐grass associations. In general, bromegrass used significantly more water than orchardgrass during a dry year.
Effect of Harvest Date on Recovery of Range Grasses and Shrubs1
Authors: Pearson L. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Range grasses harvested during the period between boot stage and seed maturity did not recover as well as those harvested either earlier or later than this period.
Effect of Root Zone Temperature at Various Stages of the Growing Period on the Growth of Corn1
Authors: Knoll H. A. , Lathwell D. J. , Brady N. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Root zone temperature of 15° C. for 15 days adversely affected dry matter production compared to a constant temperature of 20° C., while root zone temperature of 25° C. for 12 days stimulated dry matter production compared to 20° C. It was not possible, however, to show that there was a specific period at which root zone temperature was most critical in the early growth of corn.
Performance of Five Orchardgrass Varieties Under Different Nitrogen Treatments1
Authors: Dotzenko A. D. , Henderson K. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Five orchardgrass varieties from diverse areas of the United States were evaluated for forage yield, total N and P content, recovery of applied N and NO3 accumulation under 4 levels of N fertilization. Varieties showed marked increases in yield, total N and NO3 content as the rates of applied N fertilizer were increased, but showed lower P and N recovery percentages. Marked varietal differences were also found.
Ecological and Physiological Study of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. and the Response of Its Biotypes to Sodium 2,2‐dichloropropionate1
Authors: Roché Ben F. , Muzik T. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seed production, variable germination requirements, and emergence from depths exceeding expectation make barnyardgrass a serious weed in the irrigated sections of the Northwest. Those factors, combined with the presence of biotypes differing in response to a herbicide (dalapon) partially explain its position among weed species.
Improved Soil Openers for the Establishment of Small‐Seeded Legumes in Sod1
Authors: Decker A. Morris , Retzer H. J. , Swain F. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Two recently developed sod‐seeder openers have produced successful establishment of a small‐seeded legume (birdsfoot trefoil) in an old establshed bluegrass sward. Both were superior to the conventional opener which left only a narrow slit in the sod. The use of a presswheel improved establishment following the disk but not the wing opener. Granular heptachlor over the row at seeding resulted in improved stands one out of two years.
Leaf Temperature and Transpiration1
Authors: Gates David M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The mechanisms which contribute to the energy exchange for a leaf are described and a graphical solution to the heat transfer equation for a leaf is presented. The importance of transpiration for cooling a leaf is shown in quantitative form. The complete energy budget for a leaf of Querous macrocarpa was observed at various times of day including radiation, convection, transpiration, and leaf temperature. It is shown that good agreement is realized between the energy absorbed by the leaf and the energy consumed by dissipative mechanisms.
Cement Kiln Flue Dusts for Soil Liming1
Authors: Carroll Dorothy M. , Erickson C. J. , Whittaker Colin W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In a greenhouse experiment representative cement kiln flue dusts were found to have about the same ability to promote yields of alfalfa and to raise the pH of acid soils as a pulverized limestone and to be somewhat more efficient than a coarser limestone. Effects on crop composition were also similar. The dusts supply important amounts of sulfur, magnesium, and potassium. Calcium carbonate equivalents, calculated by summing alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, and corrected for sulfate and chloride ions, agreed well with determined values.
Influence of Tillage, Row Spacing, and Atrazine on Yield Components of Dryland Sorghum in Nebraska1
Authors: Burnside O. C. , Fenster C. R. , Wicks G. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields were positively correlated (p = 0.01) with height, forage yield, population, heads per acre, head weight, seed moisture at harvest, bushel weight, weight of 100 seeds, and germination percentage; and negatively correlated (p = 0.01) with weed yields and lodging. Weed control treatments of tillage, hand‐weeding, atrazine, and row spacings had a marked effect on characters constituting or influencing sorghum yields.
Reduction of Strontium‐90 Uptake by Corn and Soybeans with Deep Placement, Irrigation, and Soil Amendments1
Authors: Myhre D. L. , Menzel R. G. , Roberts H. , Frere M. H. , Amemiya M. , Beale O. W. , Timmons D. R. , Wood E. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Field experiments were initiated in 1960 in the states of Georgia, South Carolina, Iowa and Minnesota to evaluate methods of reducing uptake of Sr90 fallout by crops. Significant reductions in Sr90 content in corn and soybean grain were obtained by deep placement but not by irrigation. Calcium treatments reduced Sr90 in both grains in Georgia, and potassium reduced Sr90 in corn grain in Minnesota. The maximum reduction observed was about 50%.
Temperature Effects on Reproductive Processes of Russian Wildrye1
Authors: Clary Warren P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Temperature treatments ranging from −1 to 21° C. were imposed for 24 hours on Russian wild‐rye plants during anther emergence. An inverse relationship resulted between treatment temperature and the time required for embryo initiation. Various temperature‐related floral injuries were observed. Most of the freezing injury occurred in the anthers, while the principal warm temperature injury was to the pistillar tissue. The warm temperature effects were exaggerated when followed by a warm greenhouse environment.
Effect of Herbicides and Cultivation Treatments on Yield Components of Dryland Sorghum in Nebraska1
Authors: Burnside O. C. , Wicks G. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields were positively correlated (0.01) with sorghum heads per acre, seed weight per head, bushel weight, weight of 100 seeds, sorghum height at maturity, and seed moisture at harvest; and negatively correlated with weed yields and broken stalks. Cultivation increased sorghum yields, seed weight per head, bushel weight, 100‐seed weight, sorghum height at maturity, number of days to 50% flowering, and seed moisture at harvest; and decreased weed yields and broken stalks.
Use of Grass‐Killing Herbicides in Establishing Grass‐Legume Mixtures
Authors: Vengris Jonas
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 2,2‐dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) can be used to control annual weedy grasses in new seedings of grass‐legume mixtures. The forage grasses in the mixture are injured by these heribicides but orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and timothy (Phleum pratense) are relatively resistant to injury and usually regain normal growth during the same growing season. The herbicidal value of different materials should be measured by the improved quality and quantity of the hay produced in the seeding year.
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization, Stubble Height, and Clipping Frequency on Yield and Persistence of Orchardgrass1
Authors: Griffith William K. , Teel Merle R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen was a major factor influencing yields the year of treatment. Close clipping reduced the stand of nitrogen‐fertilized orchardgrass. Potassium effects were most striking for the longer growing periods during the year of treatment. Potassium carry‐over effects were highly significant for all growing periods.
Dry Matter Accumulation and Moisture Loss During Maturation of Corn Grain1
Authors: Hillson Merle T. , Penny L. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Significant differences in the rate of drying were found among corn single crosses. Parental inbred lines differed in their effects on the rate of moisture loss. Ninety‐five percent of physiologic maturity varied from 53–61 days after silking.
Effect of Planting Date and Maturity Date on Soybean Seed Quality1
Authors: Green D. E. , Pinnell E. L. , Cavanah L. E. , Williams L. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Soybean seed quality was usually highest from late dates of planting. Exceptions to this general rule were noted when short season varieties planted early matured before the occurrence of hot, dry weather and when full‐season varieties were planted early but matured considerably after the hot, dry weather had ended. An average of visual ratings for several seed characters and a single overall visual seed quality rating were approximately equal to laboratory germination in predicting relative field emergence.
Maximization of Potato Yield Under Constraint1
Authors: Hermanson H. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Optimum response is occasionally sought while maintaining a minimum quality factor level. Mathematical analysis may need to be confined within the range of factor levels observed. An example of such an applied problem is worked. It involves searching for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment which will produce the maximum potato yield and yet not cause the specific gravity of the potato tubers to fall below a minimum value.
Effect of Cutting Height and Frequency on Forage Production of Summer Annuals1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Smith Y. C. , McCreery R. A. , Ethredge W. J. , Beasley Kenneth
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Gahi millet responded favorably to a wider range of harvest conditions that did Tift sudangrass or sudax 11. Harvesting at 5‐week intervals increased forage production over harvesting each 2 weeks. Harvesting 7/8 of the plant increased production slightly over harvesting 1/3 of available height.
Using Published Soil Surveys in Teaching Soil Classification and Mapping1
Authors: Drew James V. , Eikleberry Robert W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Recently published soil surveys may be used effectively as laboratory workbooks to demonstrate principles in soil genesis, classification, and survey. These surveys also provide examples which may be used to explain the interpretation of soil surveys for a number of uses.
Some Effects of Paradichlorobenzene, Naphthalene, DDT and Ceresan on the Germination of Field Crop Seed1
Authors: Day A. D. , Thompson R. K.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Open containers were more satisfactory than closed when paradichlorobenzene and naphthalene were used as seed‐storage chemicals. DDT reduced seed viability the least. Ceresan M was convenient to use, but it decreased germination. Naphthalene did not decrease seed viability as rapidly as paradichlorobenzene, which decreased germination faster than the other chemicals studied. Packaging seed in paper bags before placing it in a container with paradichlorobenzene did not substantially increase viability over placing it in direct contact with the chemical.
Salinity‐Fertility Interactions in Relation to the Growth and Composition of Beans. I. Effect of N, P, and K1
Authors: Lunin J. , Gallatin M. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Growth response was obtained only where P was added, and yields decreased with increasing salinity. For a given salinity level, yields were much higher where fertilized with P. Evapotranspiration per unit dry weight of leaves was reduced by P fertilization and decreased with increasing salinity on the P, K and PK treatments. Plant composition generally reflected the cation composition of the soil solution.
Factors in the Adaption of Turfgrasses to Shade1
Authors: Beard James B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The microenvironment conducive to disease activity was most significant in affecting grass adaptation to shade. Mixing of species reduced the effects of disease on any one species in a mixture grown under shade.
Effect of Mulches on Soil Temperature and Grain Sorghum Development1
Authors: Adams John E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

One‐ and 2‐inch deep gravel mulches reduced grain sorghum growth and yield. Soil mulches treated with dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) were not toxic or inhibitory to grain sorghum growth and development. Soil temperatures under all mulches were in a satisfactory range for plant growth throughout the growing season.
Evaluating the Various Factors of the “Japanese Method” of Rice Cultivation in India1
Authors: Patel J. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The use of “tauchigoruma” and 9‐inch spacing were found to increase the yield of rough rice per acre independently. Six‐inch spacing with a single seedling had greater panicle‐bearing culms and a higher grain yield per panicle than 9‐inch spacing with 3 seedlings at each hole. Hand‐weeding increased plant height and the number of panicle‐bearing culms in a unit area over tauchigoruma. The higher rate of fertilizers consistently increased plant height. Hand‐weeding, the Japanese type nursery, and the higher rate of fertilizers enhanced the grain sterility.
Effect of Weather on Forage Yields of Winter Oats, Rye, and Wheat1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , Burton Glenn W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Multiple regression equations, including date of harvest, accumulated rainfall, solar radiation, and temperature as independent variables and forage yields of oats, rye, and wheat as dependent variables, were computed, using data from an 8‐year period. The best‐fitting equations gave R2 values of .96, .91, and .93 for oats, rye, and wheat, respectively. From these equations and long‐term weather data, we developed frequency distributions of total yield and yield during the winter months.
Viability of Roughpea Seed as Affected by Time of Harvest and Drying Temperatures1
Authors: Bennett Hugh W. , Marchbanks W. W.
Published: July 2010

Unfolded flower standards indicate that pollination has taken place in roughpea. This has ben designated as flowering. Seed was harvested 14, 18, 21, 23, and 28 days after flowering. They were then dried for 8, 16, 24, 36, and 72 hours, at temperatures of 100, 110, 120, 130, and 140F.

The rate and total amount of moisture removed was greatest for the first 8‐hour drying period in all harvests. The higher drying temperatures removed the greatest amount of moisture.

Roughpea seed, harvested 14 days after flowering, failed to germinate when dried at any temperature (for any length of time). Limited and erratic germination was obtained from seed harvested 18 days after flowering; this was reduced as the drying temperature increased. Twenty‐one‐day‐old seed germinated well when dried at temperatures of ll0F or lower. Germination was reduced as the drying temperatures increased above ll0F. Seed of this age was mature and of a high moisture content. It is the earliest age that roughpeas may be safely harvested. Seed 28 days of age gave excellent germination when dried at all the temperatures used but germination declined somewhat as temperature of drying increased.

Maximum yields of viable seed would be obtained by harvests made 1 week earlier than now practiced and followed by proper drying temperature and period.
Effects of Green‐Pick, Defoliation and Desiccation Practices on Quality and Yield of Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum1
Authors: McMeans Jack L. , Walhood V. T. , Carter L. M.
Published: July 2010

Three harvest‐aid practices did not affect the quality or yield of the first cotton harvest; chemical harvest‐aids had some adverse effects on yield, lint and seed quality of the second harvest.
Nitrates in Annual Forages as Influenced by Frequency and Height of Clipping1
Authors: McCreery R. A. , Hojjati S. M. , Beaty E. R.
Published: July 2010

Nitrate‐N content of plants where Gahi millet, Tift sudangrass, and sudax 11 were fertilized with a total of 670 pounds of N as NH4NO3 and harvest frequencies of 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐weeks were combined with portions of forage removals of ⅓, ½, ¾ and ⅞ show:

Tift sudangrass and sudax were consistently lower in nitrate‐N than Gahi millet.

Forage harvested at 2‐ or 3‐week frequencies was higher in nitrate‐N than forage harvested every 4 weeks, and forage harvested at 5 weeks was lowest.

Nitrate‐N was highest when ⅞ of the forage was removed and lowest when ⅓ of the forage was harvested.

Nitrate‐N in Gahi millet, sudangrass and sorghum‐sudan crosses would appear to be nontoxic to livestock grazing the forage when normal rate of N are applied in split applications.
Influence of Snow Fence and Corn Windbreaks on Microclimate and Growth of Irrigated Sugar Beets1
Authors: Rosenberg Norman J.
Published: July 2010

abstract

During the 1964 growing season, irrigated sugar beets were sheltered against wind at the Scotts Bluff Experiment Station, University of Nebraska, by snow fence erected at planting time and by double rows of corn planted as early in the season as possible.

Germination was improved in areas protected by snow fence, although the effect was not uniform throughout the sheltered area. Both types of shelter increased root and total weight of beets over that in an unsheltered site. Top weight was not affected. Root/top ratio was greatest in corn‐sheltered beets. Sugar content at harvest was depressed in beets grown in the snow fence sheltered areas. Press juice samples of corn‐sheltered beets showed greatest purity.

Air temperature above the sheltered beets was higher by day and lower by night than in the open site. Absolute humidity content of air above the beets was not influenced by shelter.

The snow fence shelter altered the wind profile, raising the zero plane to within the top quarter of the sheltered beet canopy. Wind shear in that plot suggested a reduction in turbulent exchange. In the corn‐sheltered plot, wind profiles were similar to those in the open with a moderate reduction of wind speed at the two levels above the canopy at which measurements were made. An intensification of temperature lapse rate in the corn shelter may have increased rate and extent of turbulent exchange processes.
Root Training by Plastic Tubes. III. Soil Aeration Appraised by Tube‐Grown Plants1
Authors: De Roo H. C.
Published: July 2010

A bio‐assay by means of the tube technique indicated whether an inadequate aeration or mechanical impedance excludes roots from the soil beneath the plow pan in a sandy loam. The soil profiles assayed had normal ABC horizonation or inverted CBA horizonation, with the top soil, horizon A, lying beneath the plow pan, horizon B. Half of the buried and half of the normal A horizons were compacted somewhat. A mulch made the temperature and moisture regimes in the unburied topsoil nearly equal to those in the buried. Prior fertilization tended to equalize the available nutrients. Tomato roots were inserted into the normal and the buried A horizons by means of plastic tubes. Subsequent observation showed that the roots were in fact restricted to the intended horizons. Since the tomato plants elongated as rapidly, flowered as soon, and weighed as much when their roots were grown in soil beneath the plow pan as when their roots roots were grown in soil above the pan, the plow pan is evidently not a significant barrier to soil aeration beneath it. Therefore, the blocking of the roots by the plow pan in this soil must be caused by the mechanical inpedance and not lack of aeration.
Winterhardiness of Orchardgrass and Crested Wheatgrass Clones in Relation to the Ability of Their Seeds to Germinate Against an Osmotic Stress1
Authors: Cooper Clee S.
Published: July 2010

Populations of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) clones which differed in the ability of their seeds to germinate against an osmotic stress were established. Clones with wide germination differences were selected from these populations for winterhardiness evaluation during the winter of 1964–1965. Hardiness evaluation was made by measuring specific conductivity of solutions containing electrolytes exosmosed from crown tissue following artificial freezing. There was no evidence of a relationship, either positive or negative, between winterhardiness of clones and the ability of their seeds to germinate against an osmotic stress.
Fertilizer Nitrogen: Its Role in Determining Crop Yield Levels1
Authors: Engelstad O. P. , Terman G. L.
Published: July 2010

The frequency and magnitude of crop response to N was found to be generally greater than those to P and K in representative cropping areas of the humid region of the United States. P and K are rather immobile nutrients and crop recovery is lower than for N. Consequently, P and K tend to accumulate in most soils as a result of fertilizer applications. In contrast, N acts as a relatively mobile nutrient and crop requirement and removal tend to be high. Since N is also lost from soils by leaching and volatilization, little accumulation occurs in humid areas and applications need to be made largely on the basis of current crop needs.

Results of this study have important implications for soil testing, the need for high P water solubility, and the present number of fertilizer grades and ratios.
Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Water Use of a Kikuyugrass Lawn (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.)1
Authors: Mantell A.
Published: July 2010

The response of a kikuyugrass lawn to irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilizer was studied in a factorial experiment. When grass was irrigated every 21 days, the evapotranspiration from the 0‐ to 120‐cm soil layer was 486 mm during the months June to October, with a mean daily consumptive water use of 3.2 mm. The measured water loss from grass irrigated at this frequency, and fertilized monthly with 4.2 kg N/1000 m2 was 0.62 of the evaporation from a screened Class A pan. About 60% and 80% of the total water extracted came from the 0‐ to 60‐ and the 0‐ to 90‐cm soil layers, respectively. No relation was found between root activity as represented by moisture extraction and root distribution as obtained by core removal. Absolute root weight was considerably increased by the monthly nitrogen applications.

Dry matter yield was not markedly raised by regular nitrogen fertilization, unless irrigations were applied frequently. Infrequent irrigation of fertilized plots produced a lawn of only slightly reduced quality compared to that obtained when frequent irrigations were given in the absence of nitrogen, and the former treatment was accompanied by a considerable saving in water and labor.
Some Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization on Botanical Composition of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward1
Authors: Templeton W. C. , Taylor T. H.
Published: July 2010

The effects of N, P, and K fertilization on botanical composition of a sward of ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., and ‘Ladino’ white clover, Trifolium repens L., were studied during a period of 4 years. Data were obtained from hand separation of herbage clippings and from visual estimates made immediately prior to clipping 5 to 7 times each growing season. Treatment rankings obtained by the two methods agreed closely. Since hand separations were not made for all treatments or at all harvests, only data from the visual estimates are presented.

N consistently decreased the percentage of clover in the sward and often resulted in a higher weed content. The effects of P and K were less consistent than those of N. With respect to clover content, nutrient interactions were statistically significant at most harvests, but, compared with the main effects, these were of minor importance. Interactions exerted less effect on grass and weed percentages than on clover content.

The deleterious effects of N on clover were more marked when it was applied in early spring than when used later in the growing season.

The data are discussed with respect to problems associated with the maintenance of mixed grass‐legume pastures.
Partridge Pea Management and Yield Comparisons with Other Annual Forage Legumes1
Authors: Foote L. E. , Jackobs J. A.
Published: July 2010

The yields of 4 strains of partridge pea, 2 of southern origin and 2 of northern origin, were compared with that of other annual forage legumes at 3 locations, under 2 cutting systems. Effects of plant height at cutting time and height of cut were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Partridge pea strains ecologically adapted, in this case of northern origin, produced good yields of forage under either cutting system at all locations, being exceeded by only soybeans of the other annual species tested. The best height of cut for partridge pea was between 5 and 9 cm and the best plant height at cutting time was between 35 and 45 cm.