bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphitization in Low Alloy Steel Pressure Vessels and Piping
Authors: Pérez Iván Uribe , da Silveira Tito Luiz , da Silveira Tito Fernando , Furtado Heloisa Cunha
Published: January 2020

Graphitization, the formation of graphite nodules in carbon and low alloy steels, contributes to many failures in high-temperature environments. Three such failures in power-generating systems were analyzed to demonstrate the unpredictable nature of this failure mechanism and its effect on material properties and structures. In general, the more randomly distributed the nodules, the less effect they have on structural integrity. In the cases examined, the nodules were found to be organized in planar arrays, indicating they might have an effect on material properties. Closer inspection, however, revealed that the magnitude of the effect depends on the relative orientation of the planar arrangement and principle tensile stress. For normal orientation, the effect of embrittlement tends to be most severe. Conversely, when the orientation is parallel, the nodules have little or no effect. The cases examined show that knowledge is incomplete in regard to graphitization, and the prediction of its occurrence is not yet possible.
High-Temperature Stress Relaxation Cracking and Stress Rupture Observed in a Coke Gasifier Failure
Authors: Benac Daniel J. , Olson Douglas B. , Urzendowski Michael
Published: January 2020

A pressure vessel failed causing an external fire on a nine-story coke gasifier in a refinery power plant. An investigation revealed that the failure began as cracking in the gasifier internals, which led to bulging and stress rupture of the vessel shell, and the escape of hot syngas, setting off the fire. The failure mechanisms include stress relaxation cracking of a large diameter Incoloy 825 tube, stress rupture of a 4.65 in. thick chromium steel shell wall, and the oxidation of chromium steel exposed to hot syngas. The gasifier process and operating conditions that contributed to the high-temperature degradation were also analyzed and are discussed.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Tough Pitch Copper in a Bolting Application
Authors: Maciejewski Joseph , Akyuz Burak
Published: January 2020

Copper electrical feedthrough pins used in a bolting application in a refrigeration compressor had functioned without failure for years of production and thousands of units. When some of the pins began to fail, an investigation was conducted to determine the cause. Visual examination revealed that the observed fractures were mixed brittle intergranular with ductile microvoid dimples. An extensive analysis of failed samples combined with a process of elimination indicated that the fractures were due to stress-corrosion cracking caused by an unidentified chemical species within the sealed compressor chamber. A unique combination of applied stress, residual stress, stress riser, and grain size helped isolate the failure mechanism to a single production lot of material.
Superplastic HSLA Steels: Microstructure and Failure
Authors: Fernandez Sara , Quintana María José , García José Ovidio , Verdeja Luis Felipe , González Roberto , Verdeja José Ignacio
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the superplastic characteristics of shipbuilding steel deformed at 800 °C and a strain rate less than 0.001/s. After the superplastic deformation, the steel presents mixed fractures: by decohesion of the hard (pearlite and carbides) and ductile (ferrite) phases and by intergranular sliding of ferrite/ferrite and ferrite/pearlite, just as it occurs in stage III creep behavior. The behavior is confirmed through the Ashby-Verrall model, according to which the dislocation creep (power-law creep) and diffusion creep (linear-viscous creep) occur simultaneously.
Failure Analysis of Fire Tube Sleeve of Heater Treater
Authors: Srivastava S.K. , Katarki M.V.
Published: January 2020

A sleeve-shaped fire shield that operates inside one of two burner trains in an oil and gas processing unit ruptured after 15 y of service. A detailed analysis was conducted to determine how and why the sleeve failed. The investigation included visual inspection, chemical and gas analysis, mechanical property testing, stereomicroscopy, and metallographic examination. The fire sleeves are fabricated from 3-mm thick plate made of Incoloy 800 rolled into 540-mm diam sections welded along the seam. Three such sections are joined together by circumferential welds to form a single 2.8 m sleeve. The findings from the investigation indicated that internal oxidation corrosion, driven by high temperatures, was the primary cause of failure. Prolonged exposure to temperatures up to 760 °C resulted in sensitization of the material, making it vulnerable to grain boundary attack. This led to significant deterioration of the grain boundaries, causing extensive grain loss (grain dropping) and the subsequent thinning of sleeve walls. Prior to failure, some portions of the sleeve were only 1.6 mm thick, nearly half their original thickness.
Failure Analysis: Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of A216-WCC Wellhead Flow Control Valve Body
Authors: Ziaei S.M.R. , Kokabi A.H. , Mostowfi J.
Published: January 2020

A group of control valves that regulate production in a field of sour gas wellheads performed satisfactorily for three years before pits and cracks were detected during an inspection. One of the valves was examined using chemical and microstructural analysis to determine the cause of failure and provide preventive measures. The valve body was made of A216-WCC cast carbon steel. Its inner surface was covered with cracks stemming from surface pits. Investigators concluded that the failure was caused by a combination of hydrogen-induced corrosion cracking and sulfide stress-corrosion cracking. Based on test data and cost, A217-WC9 cast Cr–Mo steel would be a better alloy for the application.
Pipeline Failure by Transit Fatigue
Authors: Al-Anezi Mohammed A. , Rao Sanyasi , Lobley Graham R.
Published: January 2020

A newly installed pipeline leaked during cleaning prior to hydrotest at a pressure of approximately 400 psig. The intended hydrotest pressure was 750 psig. The pipeline was constructed from spiral-welded API 5L-X65 HSLA steel and was intended for seawater injection. Analysis included nondestructive testing, metallography, and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results, the failure was attributed to transit fatigue, caused during highway transportation. Cracks along the toes of the weld from both the outside and inside surfaces, the transgranular nature of cracking, and the presence of fatigue striations all supported transit fatigue as the damage mechanism.
Pipeline Failure Results from Lightning Strike: Act of Mother Nature?
Authors: Quickel G.T. , Beavers J.A.
Published: January 2020

A section of pipe in a hydrocarbon pipeline was found to be leaking. The pipeline was installed several decades earlier and was protected by an external coating of extruded polyethylene and a cathodic protection system. The failed pipe section was made from API 5L X46 line pipe steel, approximately 22 cm (8.7 in.) OD x 0.5 cm (0.2 in.) wall thickness, which was electric resistance welded along the longitudinal seam. The pressure at the time and location of the failure was 2760 kPa, which corresponds to 20% of the specified minimum yield strength. The cause of failure (based on visual inspection, magnetic particle inspection, stereoscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, tensile and hardness testing, and chemical analysis) was attributed to damage resulting from a lightning strike.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Galvanic Corrosion of Internal Bolts from a Multistage Water Injection Pump
Authors: Elshawesh F. , Abusowa K. , Mahfud H. , Ezuber H.
Published: January 2020

Nineteen out of 26 bolts in a multistage water pump corroded and cracked after a short time in a severe working environment containing saline water, CO2, and H2S. The failed bolts and intact nuts were to be made from a special type of stainless steel as per ASTM A 193 B8S and A 194. However, the investigation (which included visual, macroscopic, metallographic, SEM, and chemical analysis) showed that austenitic stainless steel and a nickel-base alloy were used instead. The unspecified materials are more prone to corrosion, particularly galvanic corrosion, which proved to be the primary failure mechanism in the areas of the bolts directly exposed to the working environment. Corrosion damage on surfaces facing away from the work environment was caused primarily by chloride stress-corrosion cracking, aided by loose fitting threads. Thread gaps constitute a crevice where an aggressive chemistry is allowed to develop and attack local surfaces.
Boiler Stack Economizer Tube Failure
Authors: Haase Ryan J. , Hanke Larry D.
Published: January 2020

A type 304 stainless steel tube that failed in a boiler stack economizer was analyzed to determine the cause. The investigation consisted of visual, SEM/EDS, and metallographic analysis. Several degradation mechanisms appeared to be at work, including pitting corrosion, chloride stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue fracture. Investigators concluded that the primary failure mechanism was fatigue fracture, although either of the other mechanisms may have eventually caused the tube to fail in the absence of fatigue.
Corrosion Fatigue of a Pump Bearing Journal after Exposure to Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Kumar A. N.
Published: January 2020

A heat transport pump in a heavy water reactor failed (exhibiting excessive vibration) during a restart following a brief interruption in coolant flow due to a faulty valve. The pump had developed a large crack across the entire length of a bearing journal. An investigation to establish the root cause of the failure included chemical and metallurgical analysis, scanning electron fractography, mechanical property testing, finite element analysis of the shrink fitted journal, and a design review of the assembly fits. The journal failure was attributed to corrosion fatigue. Corrective actions to make the journals less susceptible to future failures were implemented and the process by which they were developed is described.
Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coated Superalloy Component During Service
Authors: Lee Han-sang , Yoo Keun-bong , Kim Eui-Hyun , Kim Sung Chul , Ryou Sangsoo
Published: January 2020

An investigation was conducted to better understand the time-dependent degradation of thermal barrier coated superalloy components in gas turbines. First-stage vanes are normally subjected to the highest gas velocities and temperatures during operation, and were thus the focus of the study. The samples that were analyzed had been operating at 1350 °C in a gas turbine at a combined-cycle generating plant. They were regenerated once, then used for different lengths of time. The investigation included chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. It was shown that degradation is driven by chemical and mechanical differences, oxide growth, depletion, and recrystallization, the combined effect of which results in exfoliation, spallation, and mechanical thinning.
Failure Analysis of Power Plant Boiler Material
Authors: Ai J.H. , Lin H.Y. , Qi Y.X.
Published: January 2020

The failure of a boiler operating at 540 °C and 9.4 MPa was investigated by examining material samples from the near-failure region and by thermodynamic analysis. A scanning Auger microprobe, SEM, and commercial thermodynamic software codes were used in the investigation. Results indicated that the boiler failure was caused by grain-boundary segregation of phosphorous, tin, and nitrogen and the in-service formation of carbide films and granules on the grain boundaries.
Failure Analysis of Cracks Formed at Extrados of Bend Pipe of API 5L X65M Grade
Authors: Shant J. Raghu , Pandey Bijay K. , Goyal Rajesh K. , Kathayat T.S.
Published: January 2020

An investigation was conducted to determine why 16 out of 139 pipe bends cracked during hot induction bending. The pipe conformed to API 5L X65 PSL2 line pipe standards and measured 1016 mm (40 in.) in diam with a wall thickness of 18.5 mm. A metallurgical cross section was removed along a crack on the extrados to document the crack morphology using optical microscopy. In addition to cracking, golden-yellow streaks were visible at the extrados, and the composition was examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Based on the results, investigators concluded the pipe was contaminated with copper at the mill were it was produced.
The Role of Impact Energy in Failure of Explosive Cladding of Inconel 625 and Steel
Authors: Rajani H R. Zareie , McVeigh C. , Rosenbloom S.N. , Guyer E.P. , Lieberman S.I.
Published: January 2020

Explosive cladding is a viable method for cladding different materials together, but the complicated behavior of materials under ballistic impacts raises the probability of interfacial shear failure. To better understand the relationship between impact energy and interfacial shear, investigators conducted an extensive study on the shear strength of explosively cladded Inconel 625 and plain carbon steel samples. They found that by increasing impact energy, the adhesion strength of the resulting cladding can be improved. Beyond a certain point, however, additional impact energy reduces shear strength significantly, causing the cladding process to fail. The findings reveal the decisive role of plastic strain localization and the associated development of microcracks in cladding failures. An attempt is thus made to determine the optimum cladding parameters for the materials of interest.
Ultrasonic Cleaning-Induced Failures in Medical Devices
Authors: James B.A.
Published: January 2020

Ultrasonic cleaning is widely used in the production of medical devices such as guide wires and vascular implants. There are many cases, however, where cleaning frequencies have been close to the natural frequency of the device, producing resonant vibrations large enough to cause damage or premature failure. Several cases of ultrasonic cleaning-induced fatigue and corresponding failures of medical devices are examined in this review. Preventative measures to ensure that ultrasonic cleaning frequencies do not pose a threat are also provided.
Fracture of a Paper Manufacturing Machine Felt Guide Roll
Authors: Jur Tim A. , Harris R. Dean
Published: January 2020

A felt guide roll fractured in-service on a paper manufacturing machine, damaging the belt as well as multiple dryer rolls, nearby felt guide rolls, and the frame of the machine. The investigation included visual and stereoscopic examination, chemical and microstructural analysis, microhardness and tensile testing, stress calculations, and vibration measurements. Based on the results, the roll fracture was attributed to high-cycle fatigue associated with a plug weld over one of the five threaded fasteners added to secure a balance weight inside the roll. The balance weight was installed to compensate for variations in wall thickness (i.e., weight distribution) of the pipe product used to make the roll. According to the investigation, resonance and vibration, which were initially considered, did not cause the failure.
A Tin Pest Failure
Authors: Burns Neil Douglas
Published: January 2020

The operator of an electric transit system purchased a large number of tin-plated copper connectors, putting some in service and others in reserve. Later, when some of the reserve connectors were inspected, the metal surfaces were covered with spots consisting of an ash-like powder and the plating material had separated from the substrate in many areas. Several connectors, including some that had been in service, were examined to determine what caused the change. The order stated that the connectors were to be coated with a layer of tin-bismuth (2% Bi) to guard against tin pest, a type of degradation that occurs at low temperatures. Based on the results of the investigation, which included SEM/EDS analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, the metal surfaces contained less than 0.1% Bi and thus were not adequately protected against tin pest, which was confirmed as the failure mechanism in the investigation.
Fractographic and Metallographic Study of Spalling Failure of Steel Straightener Rolls
Authors: Pantazopoulos G. , Vazdirvanidis A.
Published: January 2020

Spalled fragments from the work rolls of a steel bar straightening machine were received for failure analysis. Visual inspection coupled with optical and scanning electron microscopy were used as the principal analytical techniques for the investigation. Fractographic analysis revealed the presence of a characteristic fatigue crack propagation pattern (beach marks) and radial chevron marks indicating the occurrence of final overload through a brittle intergranular fracture. The collected evidence suggests that surface-initiated cracks propagated by fatigue led to spalling, resulting in severe work roll damage as well as machine downtime and increased maintenance costs.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEFINITION OF “ASSURANCE OF QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING” FOR FUTURE SECONDARY EDUCAITON MASTERS IN PHYSICAL CULTURE
Authors:   Хмельницький національний університет, DUTCHAK Y. , KVASNYTSIA O. ,   Хмельницький національний університет
Published: January 2020

Assurance of quality of vocational training of future specialists (professionals) is an urgent issue which is stipulated by various factors, among which assurance of quality of the aim, quality of educational process, and quality of the result have been distinguished. Under given conditions, understanding of basic notions of research is very important. The aim of the article is to theoretically analyze definition of “assurance of quality of vocational training” for future secondary educaiton masters in physical culture. Methods of research: analysis of scientific references and document; method of systematic analysis; method of comparison and juxtaposition; method of functional and structural analysis. To substantiate the definition of “assurance of quality of vocational training” for future secondary educaiton masters in physical culture, we assume reasonable to reveal the essence of the following key notions: “quality”, “quality of education”, “quality of higher education”. The mnotion of “quality of educaiton” is viewed by us as a complex characteristics of educaitonal process that envisages balanced accordance of the process, result, and educational system with the aim, needs, and social standards of education with the aim to form and develop person’s intellect, manners, and certain social, psychological, physical, and spiritual features that are realized at certain stages of education. Interpretation of the notion of “assurance of quality” established by European Center for the Development of Vocational Training, in standards and recommendations to assurance of quality in European Union higher educational plane has been analyzed. Dublin model of universal characteristics (Dublin Descriptors) of graduate’s competences has been described. We assume reasonable to state that assurance of the quality of vocational training of future secondary education masters in physical culture is a totality of procedures and activity whose aim is to ensure and improve efficiency of giving educational services that envisage formation of special knowledge, teaching physical exercises, development of physical skills, and education of moral and willpower qualities of a person, which corresponds to demands of the state and interested parties (stakeholders). Key words: quality, quality of education, quality of higher education, assurance of quality of vocational training of future secondary education masters in physical culture.
REALIZATION OF PRINCIPLE OF FUNDAMENTALIZATION IN MATHEMATICAL TRAINING OF FOREIGN STUDENTS
Authors:   Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет, MYKHAILENKO I. , NESTERENKO V. ,   Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the state of mathematical training of future specialists in technical profile from the standpoint of the fundamentalization of education; revealed the essence of the principle of fundamentalization of mathematical training of foreign students of technical higher education institutions; the methodological foundations of the principle of fundamentalization as a basis for the improvement of mathematical preparation and the possibility of its realization are considered; a functional model of fundamentalization of mathematical preparation of foreign students on the basis of competence and activity approaches is developed and presented; pedagogical conditions for the foundationalization of mathematical training of foreign students (use of a limited number of basic mathematical concepts that allow to acquire a significant amount of professionally important information; choice of the optimal mathematical apparatus; formalization of the essence of production problems and construction of appropriate mathematical models); foreign students; requirements for fundamentalization of the content of mathematical preparation of students are defined; found out that the linguistic barrier hinders the acquisition of mathematical knowledge by foreign students; offered for the adaptation of foreign students educational and methodical manuals in Russian, Ukrainian and English on separate topics of higher mathematics, fragments of which are presented in the article; didactic principles of integration of the content of special and mathematical disciplines; pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the principle of fundamentalization for different areas of training and specializations. Key words: fundamentalization of education, mathematical preparation, foreign students, higher mathematics.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENTS OF MANUALS AND TUTORIALS ON THE HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY FOR STUDENTS OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF INDEPENDENT UKRAINE
Authors:   Херсонська державна морська академія, NAHRYBELNIY Y.
Published: January 2020

The article, based on the analysis of historical and pedagogical sources, found that the content of educational and methodological provision for students of institutions of higher education has much in common in the coverage of the history of Ukrainian pedagogy, the genesis of Ukrainian school, taking into account the achievements and trends; in determining the theoretical and methodological foundations of the history of Ukrainian pedagogy as a science; in substantiation of the substantive aspects of Ukrainian higher education within the chronological limits of a certain historical period through the prism of the general development of education. In the course of the comparative analysis of manuals and manuals on the history of pedagogy, published in Ukraine over the last twenty years, it is found that the content of the discipline in them is represented in three variants: the first covers the history of the formation of a foreign school and pedagogy XX; in the second, only the history of pedagogical thought and education in Ukraine; the third presents the history of the development of world pedagogical thought and the history of the development of the Ukrainian school and pedagogy. It is researched that the history of Ukrainian pedagogy is covered by the authors of manuals in general in the one-vector content range, in particular: the emergence and development of the Ukrainian family, family education, folk pedagogy and ethno-pedagogy, scientific-pedagogical theory and practice, educational and educational institutions of Ukraine from ancient times to the present. It is stated that the history of Ukrainian pedagogy as a powerful social-spiritual phenomenon has a rich and distinctive history, which deserves a thorough study in retrospect in order to activate its effective resources in the sphere of modern educational practice. Keywords: comparative analysis, histories of pedagogy as a discipline, textbooks and manuals, history of Ukrainian school and pedagogy.
PHYSICS OLYMPIAD AS AN INDICATOR OF READINESS OF APPLICANTS TO STUDY AT UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Національний технічний університет України ", PODLASOV S. ,   Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського", MATVIICHUK O. ,   Національний технічний університет України "Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського", DOLIANOVSKAIA O. ,   Національний технічний університет України "Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського"
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the the analysis of the results of physics Olympiad for entrants and our conclusions about their readiness to study at the university. At Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute the physics Olympiad was started in 2017 and is carried out in two stages. The first stage is on line testing in remote access mode. Participants who scored at least 75% of the maximum possible points can take part in the full-time stage.The online test consists of 20 items: 11 of the closed form and 9 of the open form. Statistical analysis of the results showed a fairly high level of internal consistency of the test and a wide range of logits of difficulty levels of items. This allows make adequate conclusion about the level of participants' preparedness to solve standard physics tasks. Among the items of the correspondence tour the simplest were the standard tasks of the basic level for recognizing phenomena and for direct calculation using well-known formulas. The results of the Olympiad allow to conclude that there is a significant heterogeneity of the level of training in the physics of entrants. The on-line tour showed that not all participants are ready to study in higher technical education institutions, 30-40% of them do not have sufficient knowledge of the school physics program and this means that they won’t be able to master the university physics course, understand the physical processes and the mathematical apparatus that describes them correctly use the mathematical apparatus that describes them. In the case of enrollment of such entrants for study on the results of external independent assessment of knowledge, they will occur in the category of "non-study" students. It can be expected that they will be expelled from the university based on the results of the first examination session. Solution of open-type tasks at the on-line tour of the Olympiad, which are standard rather simple tasks, cannot be evidence o of entrants willingness to solve tasks that are different from standard ones. Perhaps this is a consequence of both the lack of attention to physics tasks at school and the lack of readiness of students to perform thinking operations. Key words: physics Olympiad, entrants, readiness to study at the university, the results of physics Olympiad for entrants, physics.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS IMPROVING EFFICIENCY FORMATION OF COGNITIVE INDEPENDENCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE STUDY OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
Authors:   Запорізький державний медичний університет, TOCHILINA T.
Published: January 2020

In the proposed article the notion of «cognitive independence of the student» and structure of cognitive independence are analyzed. There have been defined organizational and pedagogical conditions of effective development of cognitive independence of students and factors, under which it is performed. Key words: autonomy, cognition, cognitive independence of the student, the structure of cognitive independence, organizational and pedagogical conditions of effective development of cognitive independence.
The Occurrence of Genetic Recombination between Viruses and Human, it's Possible Influence on Vaccination
Authors: Kharchenko E. P.
Published: January 2020

Relevance. The genetic recombination between viruses and men is known long ago. It can be divided on relict and ontogenic ones. For the host the recombination may display different consequences the nature of which is not exposed explicitly.

Aim is to analyze (on the base of computer comparison of the primary structure of viral and human proteins ) the occurrence of twodirectional recombination by small genome fragments between viruses and men and describe its possible after-effects.

Materials and methods. For this computer study human and virus protein sequences were used from data bases available in INTERNET.

Results. It was indicated that recombination (cryptical and explicit) by small genome fragments between viruses and men occurred many times in the past and many viruses pathogenic for men were involved in it.

Conclusion. The bioinformatics approach allows to look at the past of viruses and men and find the traces of genetic information changes between them that may predetermine the effects of vaccines and diagnostic immune tests.
Microbiological and Molecular Genetic Aspects of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Skurikhina Yu. E. , Turkutyukov V. B.
Published: January 2020

Relevance.The increase in the frequency of infections caused byPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumannii, which have a high level of resistance to many groups of antibiotics, requires a comprehensive study, including modern research methods.

Aims.The study of regional features of the dynamics of the formation and circulation of antibiotic-resistant strains A. baumannii andP. aeruginosa.

Materials and methods.During 2009-2018 we analyzed the data of microbiological laboratories of multidisciplinary hospitals and carried out a molecular genetic study of the determinants of antibiotic resistance by PCR ofA. baumanniiandP. aeruginosastrains isolated from clinical material in order to determine the level of variability of resistance.

Results.The study revealed a tendency to increase in the proportion of strainsA. baumanniiandP. aeruginosain the etiological structure of healh-care associated infections and purulent-septic infections; high incidence of strains resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems, beta-lactams and multi-resistant strains. The appearance and distribution of the determinants of antibiotic resistance NDM-1 and MCR-1 in these bacteria were also detected.

Conclusions.Over the past decade, a steady increase in the proportion ofA. baumanniiandP.Aeruginosaresistant to many antibiotics in patients in intensive care unit and surgery departments in hospitals of Vladivostok (Primorsky reg., Russia), and the emergence of new antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in these microorganisms.
Epidemiological Risks: Importance when Zoning Administrative Territories and Activating the Epidemic Process during Infectious Diseases
Authors: Yanovich E. G. , Moskvitina E. A.
Published: January 2020

Along with the theoretical concepts and definitions of risk adopted in the epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases, the identification of «risk areas» is of great importance.

The aimis to show the role of risk factors when determining the «risk areas» and in the genesis of complications of the epidemiological situation. Taking into account the multifactorial nature of the epidemic process under infectious diseases, we describe the risks used in zoning of natural focal particularly dangerous (plague, tularemia, anthrax, Ebola virus disease, Yellow fever); arbovirus (Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, West Nile Fever and anthroponotic (cholera and other acute enteric infection (AEI) of norovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus etiology) infections. The importance of risk factors and conditions for their implementation in AEI with water pathogen distribution (unsatisfactory state of water supply and water use, population migration, etc.) and emergencies, in which certain risk factors can contribute to the complication of the epidemic situation, is shown.

Conclusion.The use of risk factors in zoning of administrative territories is aimed at improving epidemiological surveillance. It is possible that potential risk factors can transfer to real, what results in activation of the epidemic process.
Valeur intrinsèque et valeur temps de la recherche en sciences de gestion
Authors: Hamet Joanne , Maurer Frantz
Published: January 2020

Les auteurs mesurent dans cet article la diffusion d’un des modèles financiers les plus utilisés au sein de la communauté financière, le modèle d’évaluation des actifs financiers (MEDAF). À partir du modèle de diffusion de Bass (1969), ils montrent que le MEDAF a mis près de 30 ans à être reconnu dans la presse managériale, alors qu’il s’est diffusé rapidement dans le monde académique. Ce résultat suggère que la valorisation de la recherche comporte une importante dimension temporelle.
Dépistage de l’épuisement et prévention duburnoutdes dirigeants de PME
Authors: Torres Olivier , Kinowski-Moysan Charlotte
Published: January 2020

Leburnoutdes chefs d’entreprise a rarement fait l’objet de recherche. Pourtant, les conséquences duburnoutsont amplifiées du fait de leur position centrale dans les PME. Afin de prévenir le risque deburnout, les auteurs recommandent de commencer par dépister le niveau d’épuisement, premier stade du processus duburnout. Fondé sur un long programme de recherche empirique, les auteurs montrent que ce risque est variable selon les secteurs et les méthodes de collecte des données. En fin d’article, ils relatent comment les travaux sur la santé des dirigeants de PME ont conduit à plusieurs formes de valorisation dont la portée pratique est devenue sociétale.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM UMA ESCOLA DO ENTORNO DA RPPN FAZENDA ALMAS: VIVÊNCIAS INTEGRADORAS COM DISCENTES NO CARIRI PARAIBANO
Authors: Maria da Silva Soares Karoline , Gomes Machado Myller , José Pegado Abílio Francisco
Published: January 2020

A caatinga ocupa cerca de 10% de todo território brasileiro e é um dos biomas que mais sofre com a ação antrópica. Diante desse cenário surge a importância de trabalhar com a Educação Ambiental (EA) nessa região não apenas para alertar sobre os impactos ambientais que ocorrem na ocorridos, mas também sensibilizar os cidadãos sobre sua convivência com o meio ambiente. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi de desvelar para os discentes das escolas do entorno da RPPN Fazenda Almas a efetivação de uma educação ambiental contextualizada para o bioma Caatinga. A metodologia tratou-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando procedimentos técnicos da pesquisa do participante e elementos da teoria do biorregionalismo. O trabalho ocorreu com alunos da EEEFM Bartolomeu Maracajá, no município de São José dos Cordeiros-PB. Para análise da percepção dos discentes foram utilizados questionários estruturados pré e pós-teste onde os alunos foram submetidos a questões ambientais. Quando questionados sobre “o que vem a ser meio ambiente” houve categorias que mais se sobressaíram, no pré-teste 42% dos alunos possuíam uma visão “generalista”, já no pós-teste essa porcentagem caiu para 14% seguido de “como recurso” expressando-se 25% no pré-teste e 18% no pós-teste. Quando questionados sobre “o que vem a ser natureza” 35% dos alunos possuem uma visão “generalista”, aparecendo apenas no pré-teste, já no pós-teste a nova categoria que surgiu e que mais sobressaiu foi “como ecossistema”. Quando questionados sobre “o que vem a ser EA” 40% dos discentes responderam no pré-teste que é uma “disciplina curricular”, já no pós-teste expressou-se uma nova categoria com 40% da educação ambiental como sendo “crítica”. Quando questionados sobre “quais os impactos ambiental ocorridos na região” 60% dos discentes no pré-teste associaram as “queimadas” e no pós-teste 45% associaram aos agrotóxicos, sendo um tema bastante trabalhado nas vivências. Quando questionados sobre a RPPN Fazenda Almas 30% dos discentes já visitaram o local, 60% dos discentes nunca visitaram e 20% nunca ouviram falar.  As ações realizadas na escola foi bastante importante para que os discentes pudessem conhecer algumas questões ambientais, bem como conhecer o patrimônio da RPPN Fazenda Almas.
Traumatic vertebral artery injuries in the geriatric population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Page Paul S. , Josiah Darnell T.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Traumatic vertebral artery injuries (TVAIs) are a common finding in cervical spine trauma and can predispose patients to posterior circulation infarction. While extensive research has been conducted regarding the management and criteria for imaging in patients with suspected blunt vascular injury, little research has been conducted highlighting these injuries in the geriatric population.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of all patients evaluated at a level 1 trauma center and found to have TVAIs between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2018. Biometric, clinical, and imaging data were obtained from a trauma registry database. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of age, a geriatric group (age ≥ 65 years) and an adult group (age 18 to < 65 years). Variables evaluated included type of trauma, mortality, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and ICU length of stay. The Student t-test was used for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-square test was used for categorical variables.

RESULTS

Of the 2698 of patients identified with traumatic cervical spine injuries, 103 patients demonstrated evidence of TVAI. Of these patients, 69 were < 65 and 34 were ≥ 65 years old at the time of their trauma. There was no difference in the incidence of TVAIs between the 2 groups. The ICU length of stay (4.71 vs 4.32 days, p > 0.05), hospital length of stay (10.71 vs 10.72 days, p > 0.05), and the ISS (21.50 vs 21.32, p > 0.05) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Mortality was significantly higher in the geriatric group, occurring in 9 of 34 patients (26.5%) compared with only 3 of 69 patients (4.4%) in the adult group (p < 0.001). Ground-level falls were the most common inciting event in the geriatric group (44% vs 14.5%, p < 0.001), whereas motor vehicle accidents were the most common etiology in the younger population (72.5% vs 38.2%, p < 0.001). Incidence of ischemic stroke did not vary significantly between the 2 groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

TVAI in the older adult population is associated with a significantly greater risk of mortality than in the younger adult population, despite the 2 groups having similar ISSs. Additionally, low-velocity mechanisms of injury, such as ground-level falls, are a greater risk factor for acquired TVAI in older adults than in younger adults, in whom it is a significantly less common etiology.
KEKUATAN DAN KELEMAHAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN HAJI PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN MAMUJU
Authors: Andi Nasir  , Erwin Agus
Published: January 2020

Tenaga kesehatan yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan haji di Kabupaten Mamuju masih sulit mengoptimalkan penerapan standar, adanyaketerbatasan pemeriksaan haji, aspek kualitas dan kuantitas petugas pelayanan kesehatan haji serta minimnya ketersediaan anggaran pelayanan kesehatan haji. Penelitian ini bertujuanmengetahui kekuatan dan kelemahan Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji pada Kabupaten Mamuju. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif pendekatan fenomenologis yang dilaksanakan pada Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas Binanga Kabupaten Mamuju. Informan penelitian adalah penanggung jawab pelayanan kesehatan haji. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam pada informan.Analisis data penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kekuatan pelayanan kesehatan haji adalah petunjuk teknis pelayanan kesehatan haji, prosedur pemeriksaan dan penentuan kelaikan sehat, surat keputusan panitia pemeriksa kesehatan haji, pelatihan kesehatan haji, ketersediaan insentif, ruangan pemeriksaan kesehatan haji dan peralatan pemeriksaan kesehatan haji, sedangkan kelemahan pelayanan kesehatan haji yaitu sosialisasi standar pelayanan kesehatan haji, pelaksanaan SOP tidak optimal, masih rendahnya kualitas dan kuantitas pengelola kesehatan haji, minimnya biaya operasional dan kurang optimalnya penginputan data jemaah sistem online (SISKOHAT), serta adanya keterbatasan ruang tes kebugaran
POLA MAKAN DAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA MAHASISWI YANG TINGGAL DI KOS-KOSAN
Authors: Ayu Dwi Putri Rusman
Published: January 2020

Pola makan merupakan perilaku penting yang dapat mempengaruhi keadaaan gizi seseorang. Pola makan mahasiswi yang tinggal di kos-kosan terkadar tidak diperhatikan, sehingga tidak sedikit yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan, salah satunya adalah anemia. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pola makan terhadap kejadian anemia pada mahasiswi yang tinggal di kos-kosan. Subjek yang digunakan adalah mahasiswi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah umur, pola makan dan status anemia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif untuk univaribel, analisis uji chi square untuk bivariabel dengan tingkat kemaknaan p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 100 orang responden, ada sebanyak 42 orang yang berumur 19 tahun. Untuk variabel pola makan yang diukur berdasarkan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) sebanyak 83 orang yang sudah mencukupi. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin diketahui sebanyak 39 orang yang mengalami anemia dan 61 orang yang tidak mengalami anemia. Hasil uji chi-square diperoleh nilai OR sebesar 1,206 dengan nilai p value sebesar 0,018. Hasil ini disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pola makan dengan kejadian anemia dan mahasiswi yang mempunyai pola makan tidak cukup cenderung 1,206 kali lebih besar mengalami anemia dibandingkan mahasiswi yang mempunyai pola makan cukup. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk meningkatkan asupan makanan yang mengandung protein dan mengurangi mengkonsumsi teh kemasan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TAMMERO’DO KEC. TAMMERO’DO KAB. MAJENE TAHUN 2017
Authors: Urwatil Wusqa Abidin
Published: January 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.Penelitian ini mengunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 90 responden yang diperoleh dengan metode Purposive Sampling dan diuji dengan menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact Test. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara ISPA dengan pengetahuan ibu (p=0,000), ISPA dengan status ekonomi (p=0,001) dan ISPA dengan ventilasi (p=0,000). Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dilakukannya penyuluhan mengenai pengetahuan terhadap ibu balita tentang bagaimana cara mencegah terjadinya ISPA
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK UMUR 1-3 TAHUN DI POSYANDU BUNGA CENGKEH DESA PUNCAK HARAPAN KECAMATAN MAIWA
Authors: Ratna Suhartini  , Haniarti2  , Makhrajani Majid
Published: January 2020

Masalah kurang gizi selain disebabkan oleh berkurangnya jumlah konsumsi karena melemahnya daya beli masyarakat dan mutu gizi yang rendah juga disebabkan oleh masih banyaknya warga masyarakat yang kurang memiliki pengetahuan tentang pentinganya pemenuhan gizi sejak masa balita. Hal ini akan berdampak pada perkembangan balita yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan motorik kasar anak umur 1-3 tahun di posyandu Bunga Cengkeh desa Puncak Harapan. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak umur 1-3 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 33 orang.  Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji chi square. H0 ditolak jika nilai p>0,05. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan motorik kasar anak umur 1-3 tahun di posyandu Bunga Cengkeh desa Puncak Harapan (p =0,04).  Disarankan agar orang tua dapat tetap memperhatikan asupan nutrisi untuk memperbaiki status gizi batita sehingga perkembangan motoriknya akan sesuai dengan umur meskipun sudah beranjak ke tingkatan umur berikutnya karena salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan motorik kasar adalah status gizi anak. Pihak kader posyandu disarankan memberikan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya status gizi batita dan mendampingi orang tua batita saat dilakukan penyuluhan oleh pihak puskesmas setempat.
PENGARUH ETIKA DAN KINERJA TENAGA KESEHATAN TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PASIEN DI PUSKESMAS MADISING NA MARIO KOTA PAREPARE
Authors: Fadillah Rijal  , H. Muhammad Siridangnga  , Usman  , Niar Novita Sari
Published: January 2020

Pelayanan kesehatan untuk masyarakat merupakan hak asasi manusia yang harus dilaksanakan negara. Pemerintah harus mampu memberikan perlakuan yang sama kepada warganya dalam pelayanan kesehatan maupun pelayanan publik lainnya. Dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan, masyarakat dengan status ekonomi lebih tinggi mempunyai akses untuk memenuhi tingkat kepuasan pasien. Sebaliknya, selama pelayanan kesehatan tidak memenuhi tingkat kepuasaan pasien, maka tingkat kesesuaian akan rendah, mengakibatkan puskesmas akan ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat, kedua adalah faktor adanya perubahan (transisi). Dengan demikian, kedudukan dan peran pelayanan puskesmas sangatlah penting untuk dilaksanakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah, untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Etika dan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Pemberian Pelayanan Kesehatan Pasien di Puskesmas Madising Na Mario Kota Parepare. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebanyak 100 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh Etika Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Pemberian Pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Madising Na Mario Kota Parepare, dengan nilai p (value) = 0,036 < 0,05 dan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan ada pengaruh terhadap Pemberian Pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Madising Na Mario Kota Parepare dengan nilai p (value) = 0,047 < 0,05.Mengingat akan pentingnya kesehatan bagi tiap waga masyarakat, olehnya itu tiap sarana pelayanan kesehatan mampu menjalin kerjasama yang baik dengan masyarakat sekitar dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang optimal
HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KIRU-KIRU KECAMATAN SOPPENG RIAJA KABUPATEN BARRU
Authors: Nadirawati  , Haniarti  , Usman
Published: January 2020

Stunting merupakan hasil dari kekurangan asupan nutrisi dan penyakit infeksi secara terus menerus, yang mana jika stunting dibiarkan akan mempengaruhi perkembangan kognitif, penurunan IQ, apatis, tidak percaya diri,sulit berkonsentrasi dan rendahnya prestasi akademik. Hasil pemantauan status gizi (PSG) 2015 prevalensi stunting di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Kabupaten Barru terdapat 99 kasus (33%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan prestasi belajar anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kiru-Kiru Kec.Soppeng Riaja Kab.Barru.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa  SDN Kiru-Kiru sebanyak 73 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusif dengan teknik total sampling, pengumpulan data melalui wawancara yang mengacu pada kuesioner dan observasi secara langsung. Analisis data dengan uji chi squareyang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi.Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan stunting dengan prestasi belajar anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kiru-Kiru Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja Kabupaten Barru dengan (p = 0,013). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, peneliti mengharapkan adanya kerjasama yang  baik antara orang tua dan anak untuk menjaga asupan gizi agar terhindar dari Stunting.