bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Acoustic Response Characteristics of a Solid Rocket Motor Combustor in High‐Temperature and High‐Pressure Environments
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Zhang Guangxue , Xu Peihui , Guo Yuxin , Liu Jianzhong
Published: October 2022

With the rapid development of aerospace technologies, coupling of pressure oscillations and unstable combustion in solid rocket motors has become a research hotspot in the past few years. In the present study, an experimental system is designed to investigate high‐pressure flows subjected to acoustic excitation. Then cold flow experiments and numerical simulations are carried out with different acoustic excitation frequencies, different background pressures, and different ambient temperatures. The pressure oscillation characteristics and the acoustic response characteristics of the combustion chamber in a high‐temperature and high‐pressure combustion chamber are analyzed. It is found that the frequency of the pressure oscillation inside the combustion chamber and the output excitation frequency of the signal generator are the same. When the excitation frequency is in the range of 50–200 Hz, the sound pressure amplitude corresponding to each test temperature increases with the increase of the frequency. Moreover, when the background pressure is in the range of 0–0.6 MPa, the sound pressure amplitude increases with the increase of the pressure. Meanwhile, there is no clear correlation between the sound pressure amplitude of the combustion chamber and temperature when the chamber temperature is in the range of 293–363 K. The obtained results from the numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental data and the relative error is less than 5.9 %, which verifies the accuracy of the model. The simulated sound pressure amplitude in the combustion chamber at high temperatures and high pressures is a cubic function of pressure and temperature. The present study is expected to provide an innovative way to investigate pressure oscillations and combustion instability of the propellant in the combustion chamber of solid rocket motors at high temperatures and high pressures.
Lack of concordance between the different exercise test measures used in the risk stratification of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mora Cuesta Víctor M. , Martínez Meñaca Amaya , Iturbe Fernández David , Tello Mena Sandra , Alonso Lecue Pilar , Fernández Márquez Daniel , Sáinz‐Ezquerra Belmonte Begoña , Gallardo Ruiz María José , Cifrián Martínez José Manuel
Published: October 2022

In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients it is essential to perform a prognostic assessment to optimize the treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk stratification concordance assessed with different exercise test variables in a cohort of PAH patients. A retrospective analysis was performed using patient data registered in the PAH unit. Only those patients in whom the mean time elapsed between the 6‐min walking test (6MWT) and the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was a maximum of 6 months were selected. A total of 140 records from 40 patients were finally analyzed. When it came to assessing the concordance between the two exercise tests in the guidelines (CPET and 6MWT), up to 84.3% of the records did not coincide in terms of the risk stratification. Exclusively considering the CPET parameters, most of the records (75%) failed to include all three variables in the same risk category. When analyzing the VO2 alone, up to 40.7% of the tests yielded different risk classifications depending on whether the parameter was expressed. In conclusion, there is a low concordance between the two proposed exercise tests. These results should be a call for reflection on whether the cut‐off points set for the exercise tests proposed for the current risk stratification are adequate to achieve a correct risk stratification or whether they require an appropriate revision.
Adaptive state observation of linear time‐varying systems with delayed measurements and unknown parameters
Authors: Bezzubov Valentin , Bobtsov Alexey , Efimov Denis , Ortega Romeo , Nikolaev Nikolay
Published: October 2022

In this article, we address the problem of adaptive state observation of linear time‐varying systems with delayed measurements and unknown parameters. Our new developments extend the results reported in our recently works. The case with known parameters has been studied by many researchers. However in this article we show that the generalized parameter estimation‐based observer design provides a very simple solution for the unknown parameter case. Moreover, when this observer design technique is combined with the dynamic regressor extension and mixing estimation procedure the estimated state and parameters converge in fixed‐time imposing extremely weak excitation assumptions.
Going beyond optimal distinctiveness: Strategic positioning for gaining an audience composition premium
Authors: Majzoubi Majid , Zhao Eric Yanfei
Published: October 2022

Research Summary

A core question in strategy research is how firms should position themselves to gain favorable audience evaluations. Emphasizing the heterogeneity in audience predispositions, we propose that firms can gain an audience composition premium by strategically positioning themselves to gain more (less) attention from audiences with positive (negative) predispositions toward them. We argue that this approach to strategic positioning is more conducive for firms with high dispersion in their audience predispositions and that firms can increase their ability to gain an audience composition premium by engaging with audiences holding moderately diverse evaluative schemas. We employ recommender systems and topic modeling to analyze 152,312 firm‐analyst‐year observations from 1997 to 2018 and 297,931 earnings call transcripts of U.S. public firms and find strong support for our predictions.

Managerial Summary

A key question managers encounter is how to increase their firms' evaluations from external evaluators such as security analysts. In this study, we show that firms can increase their aggregate analyst recommendations by influencing the composition of analysts who opt to cover them and gaining evaluations from analysts who have more favorable predispositions toward them (i.e., by gaining an audience composition premium). Our findings also suggest that gaining an audience composition premium is more important for enhancing a firm's aggregate analyst recommendations when there is a higher dispersion in analyst predispositions toward the firm. To increase its ability to gain an audience composition premium, the firm should engage with analysts who exhibit a moderate degree of heterogeneity in their evaluative schemas.
Simultaneously Improved Surface and Bulk Participation of Evolved Perovskite Oxide for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity Using a Dynamic Cation Exchange Strategy
Authors: Xie Jiao , Gao Yang , Chen Guichan , Wang Yi , Yu Jing , Ciucci Francesco , Chen Dengjie , Shao Zongping
Published: October 2022

Perovskite oxides are intriguing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction, but both surface (e.g., composition) and bulk (e.g., lattice oxygen) properties should be optimized to maximize their participation in offering favorable activity and durability. In this work, it is demonstrated that through introducing exogenous Fe3+ () into the liquid electrolyte, not only is the reconstructed surface stabilized and optimized, but the lattice oxygen diffusion is also accelerated. As a result, compared to that in Fe‐free 0.1 m KOH, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ in 0.1 m KOH + 0.1 mm Fe3+ demonstrates a tenfold increment in activity, an extremely low Tafel slope of ≈50 mV dec‐1, and outstanding stability at 10.0 mA cm‐2 for 10 h. The superior activity and stability are further demonstrated in Zn–air batteries by presenting high open‐circuit voltage, narrow potential gap, high power output, and long‐term cycle stability (500 cycles). Based on experimental and theoretical calculations, it is discovered that the dynamical interaction between the Co hydr(oxy)oxide from surface reconstruction and intentional Fe3+ from the electrolyte plays an important role in the enhanced activity and durability, while the generation of a perovskite‐hydr(oxy)oxide heterostructure improves the lattice oxygen diffusion to facilitate lattice oxygen participation and enhances the stability.
Multifunctional Modifications Based on Carbonyl Material Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Bo , Lin Changqing , Yao Ruohe , Nie Zuorong , Wang Hong , Yu Huangzhong
Published: October 2022

The rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) perovskite is inseparable from the investigation of plentiful new additive materials. Herein, a conjugated organic material called TPD‐Br containing two carbonyl groups and Br atoms is synthesized. TPD‐Br with Lewis‐base groups can provide excellent passivation for defects between perovskite layer and electron transport layer. Furthermore, Br atom can also interact with iodine ions via halogen bonds. TPD‐Br passivates the perovskite defects because it can interact with undercoordinated Pb2+ ions by forming PbO bond, lower defect density and larger grain size occur in the perovskite can be obtained. Consequently, high‐quality perovskite films with fewer defects can be fabricated. The PSCs with TPD‐Br additive achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.74%. These results illustrate that TPD‐Br, as a superior passivate defect additive, can improve the performance and stability of PSCs.
An efficient list‐based task scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous distributed computing environment
Authors: Madhura Rajarethinam , Uthariaraj Vaidyanathan Rhymend , Elizabeth Benjamin Lydia
Published: October 2022

The task
scheduling in heterogeneous distributed computing systems plays a crucial role in reducing the makespan and maximizing resource utilization. The diverse nature of the devices in heterogeneous distributed computing systems intensifies the complexity of scheduling the tasks. To overcome this problem, a new list‐based static task scheduling algorithm namely Deadline‐Aware‐Longest‐Path‐of‐all‐Predecessors (DA‐LPP) is being proposed in this article. In the prioritization phase of the DA‐LPP algorithm, the path length of the current task from all its predecessors at each level is computed and among them, the longest path length value is assigned as the rank of the task. This strategy emphasizes the tasks in the critical path. This well‐optimized prioritization phase leads to an observable minimization in the makespan of the applications. In the processor selection phase, the DA‐LPP algorithm implements the improved insertion‐based policy which effectively utilizes the unoccupied leftover free time slots of the processors which improve resource utilization, further least computation cost allocation approach is followed to minimize the overall computation cost of the processors and parental prioritization policy is incorporated to further reduce
the scheduling length. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm, a synthetic graph generator is used in this experiment to generate a huge variety of graphs. Apart from the synthetic graphs, real‐world application graphs like Montage, LIGO, Cybershake, and Epigenomic are also considered to grade the performance of the DA‐LPP algorithm. Experimental results of the DA‐LPP algorithm show improvement in performance in terms of scheduling length ratio, makespan reduction rate
, and resource reduction rate when compared with other algorithms like DQWS,
DUCO, DCO
and EPRD.
The results reveal that for 1000 task set with deadline equals to two times of the critical path, the scheduling length ratio of the DA‐LPP algorithm is better than DQWS by 35%, DUCO by 23%, DCO by 26 %, and EPRD by 17%.
The cognitive characteristics of music‐evoked autobiographical memories: Evidence from a systematic review of clinical investigations
Authors: Kaiser Alexander P. , Berntsen Dorthe
Published: October 2022

In healthy adults, autobiographical memories (AMs) evoked by music appear to have unique cognitive characteristics that set them apart from AMs evoked by other cues. If this is the case, we might expect music cues to alleviate AM deficits in clinical disorders. This systematic review examines music‐evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) in clinical populations, focusing on cognitive characteristics, and whether MEAMs differ from AMs evoked by other stimuli. We identified 15 studies featuring participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD), behavioral variant — Frontotemporal dementia (bv‐FTD), acquired brain damage, and depression. We found that music evokes AMs in these disorders, and that familiar music was more likely to evoke AMs. Compared with healthy controls, AD participants had a relative advantage for MEAMs over picture‐evoked AMs. People with damage to the medial prefrontal cortex showed preserved access to MEAMs in terms of frequency, but a relative disadvantage regarding the episodic richness for MEAMs, but not for memories cued by pictures, compared to controls. Participants with bv‐FTD had fewer AMs evoked after both music and pictures than healthy controls. Across conditions, MEAMs were generally specific and retrieved fast, suggesting little retrieval effort. MEAMs were also positive, except in depression, where as many negative as positive AMs were produced. These findings suggest several underlying cognitive and affective mechanisms of MEAMs, including anxiety reduction, increased fluency, music‐evoked emotions, reminiscence, and involuntary retrieval, and that these might be moderated by musical abilities and memory for music. In conclusion, MEAMs appear to be relatively well preserved, especially in AD.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
Regulations and hunter preference affect mountain goat harvest and horn length
Authors: Rice Chad , Larue Benjamin , Jex Bill , Festa Bianchet Marco
Published: October 2022

Wildlife management attempts to balance consumptive and non‐consumptive values to manage hunting opportunities, considering population resilience. Mountain goats Oreamnos americanus are particularly sensitive to harvest. Using data from 33 792 mountain goats harvested in British Columbia (BC), Canada, between 1977 and 2019, we performed Bayesian regressions to examine the effect of regulations (limited entry hunting (LEH) or general open season (GOS)) on yearly harvest and harvest sex ratios. We also investigated temporal trends and the effect of licensed hunter residency (resident in British Columbia, or not) on harvest sex ratios. We then examined how horn length of harvested mountain goats was influenced by sex, year of harvest, age and mountain range. The more restrictive LEH regulations generally reduced harvest of mountain goats. The annual proportion of males harvested appeared independent of regulation and increased over time. Non‐resident hunters harvested a greater proportion of males compared to resident hunters. The combined length of the first and second horn growth increments decreased slightly with age at harvest for males but increased for females, suggesting a possible very weak hunter selection for males with rapid early horn growth and possibly against lactating females. Our study supports LEH regulations and hunter education to distinguish sex and age as key tools for mountain goat harvest management. Similar tools could be considered to manage other ungulates that are sensitive to harvest.
What Is a Vision Zero Policy? Lessons from a Multi-sectoral Perspective
Authors: Kristianssen Ann-Catrin , Andersson Ragnar
Published: October 2022

Vision Zero is a term mainly connected with road traffic safety and has its roots in the Swedish road safety strategy. It was formally adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1997, and due to the initial success of lowering the number of deaths in traffic crashes significantly, it has become a role model for road safety strategies in countries and cities all over the world. In Sweden, Vision Zero for road safety has also inspired the introduction of Vision Zero policies in other sectors, and this chapter focuses on Vision Zero from a multi-sectoral perspective. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: to present five different cases of Vision Zero policies and to discuss what constitutes a Vision Zero policy based on these five cases. The five cases are found in road traffic safety, fire safety, patient safety, suicide, and workplace safety. Every case has its unique preconditions in terms of laws, actors, scope, etc., but they are also similar in relation to injury prevention and the ambition to decrease the number of deaths and serious injuries. The five Vision Zero policies are summarized by presenting the problem and problem framing, the goal, measures, and solutions as well as leading actors and governing structures. We find that the problem itself is quite self-explanatory in each case but that the problem framing and attribution of responsibility differ. All cases have on paper been inspired by the road safety strategies, but the systems approach, so intimately connected with Vision Zero, is more or less absent in the cases of fire safety and suicide. Furthermore, in the field of fire safety, responsibility is placed on the individual and on the business sector rather than based on a shared responsibility and ultimately on the system designers. In all five cases, there are a set of measures in place, but there are differences in implementation due to temporal factors and also what kind of governing and steering structures are in place. There is also a difference in internal support where the Vision Zero for suicide stands out as having less support among agencies working with the issue. Finally, the monitoring systems differ from case to case. The Vision Zero for road traffic safety stands out as having a monitoring and evaluating system based on specific safety targets ultimately aiming toward zero (management by objectives). Based on the empirical findings, we argue that besides having a clear problem and problem framing, a toolbox of measures, a monitoring system, and a governing structure, a policy based on a visionary approach with an ambition to reach zero needs additional perspectives or criteria in order to be successful: (1) ascientificapproach to problem framing and solutions, (2) acomprehensiveapproach, (3) along-termcommitment, and (4) a system and structure based ongovernance. These criteria do not necessarily have to be in place in order to adopt Vision Zero, but they are a prerequisite for building a system based on Vision Zero.
Geoeconomics in a Changing Global Order
Authors: Babić Milan , Dixon Adam D. , Liu Imogen T.
Published: October 2022

This introductory chapter presents an overview and summary of the focus of this edited volume. We first discuss the contribution of the chapters to a more nuanced and novel way of studying geoeconomic dynamics from an IPE perspective as going beyond the classical geopolitical focus on conflict, state-centrism, and security issues. We then embed the volume in broader changes of globalization from the neoliberal era into a more confrontative phase since 2016. The third part of the introduction then interrogates the role of the EU in this changing global order and makes the case for studying this sidelined actor in contemporary discussions about geoeconomics. The fourth and last part introduces the different chapters in detail and lays out the plan of this book.
Balancing Dependence: The Quest for Autonomy and the Rise of Corporate Geoeconomics
Authors: Choer Moraes Henrique , Wigell Mikael
Published: October 2022

The acceleration of great-power competition is leading most major powers to become increasingly concerned about the security risks that economic interdependence poses for state autonomy. This tendency can be seen in the EU’s efforts to develop its ‘open strategic autonomy’, the United States’ ‘reshoring’ of supply chains and technological ‘decoupling’, as well as China’s ‘Made in China’- strategy. In order to make sense of these transformations, this chapter introduces the concept of ‘balancing dependence’, by which we refer to state policies that seek to reduce economic dependencies on foreign actors, both public and private. The chapter describes how such geoeconomic balancing by major economies triggers a reaction by other economies in such a way that challenges the largely market-oriented rationale of the (neo)liberal order prevailing over the course of the last three decades. Yet, in an interdependent global economy, it is expected that companies will try to influence the impact of governments’ actions over their businesses, either to discourage geoeconomic balancing or to benefit from it. Thus, the chapter also puts forward the concept of ‘corporate geoeconomics’, which describes how firms are trying to preserve a measure of autonomy in an economic environment marked by increased state (geoeconomic) intervention.
Teilhabe und soziale Gerechtigkeit: normative Anforderungen im Kontext von Behinderung
Authors: Blaha Kathrin
Published: October 2022

Dieser Beitrag begreift sich als Versuch, mithilfe philosophischer und sozialwissenschaftlicher Überlegungen die normativen Anforderungen im Kontext von Behinderung zu skizzieren, die sich aus einer kritischen Reflexion des Zusammenhangs von Teilhabe und sozialer Gerechtigkeit ergeben. Hintergrund ist, dass Theorien der Gerechtigkeit Schwierigkeiten haben, Menschen mit kognitiven und schweren Beeinträchtigungen zu inkludieren. Ziel des Beitrages ist ein Plädoyer für eine Berücksichtigung menschlicher Verletzlichkeit, die auch einen kritischen Blick auf Teilhabeanforderungen erlaubt.
Giant gravitons, Harish-Chandra integrals, and BPS states in symplectic and orthogonal $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Holguin Adolfo , Wang Shannon
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We find generating functions for half BPS correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theories with gauge groups Sp(2N), SO(2N + 1), and SO(2N) by computing the norms of a class of BPS coherent states. These coherent states are built from operators involving Harish-Chandra integrals. Such operators have an interpretation as localized giant gravitons in the bulk of anti-de-Sitter space. This extends the analysis of [1] to Sp(2N), SO(2N + 1), and SO(2N) gauge theories. We show that we may use ordinary Schur functions as a basis for the sector of states with no cross-caps in these theories. This is consistent with the construction of these theories as orientifold projections of an SU(2N) theory. We make note of some relations between the symmetric functions that appear in the expansion of these coherent states and symplectic Schur functions. We also comment on some connections to Schubert calculus and Gromov-Witten invariants, which suggest that the Harish-Chandra integral may be extended to such problems.
Distale Bizepssehnenruptur
Authors: Engler Cedric , Grezda Kushtrim , Rosso Claudio
Published: October 2022

Die Ruptur der distalen Bizepssehne tritt am häufigsten bei Männern im mittleren Alter auf (30 bis 50 Jahre). Der typische Mechanismus ist die exzentrische Belastung in strecknaher Ellbogenstellung in Supination, wobei diese Verletzung mit Kraftsport und körperlich belastender Tätigkeit assoziiert ist. Epidemiologische Daten weisen auf eine Zunahme von distalen Bizepsrupturen in den letzten Jahrzehnten hin. Risikofaktoren wie die Verwendung anaboler Steroide, Kraftsport und Nikotinabusus zeigen einen Zusammenhang mit der Verletzung. Bei reduziertem Patientenanspruch oder relevanten Komorbiditäten ist auch unter einer konservativen Behandlung ein gutes funktionelles Ergebnis mit subjektiv guter Patientenzufriedenheit zu erreichen, allerdings unter zu erwartender relevanter Kraftminderung in Flexion (20 %) und Supination (40 %). Durch eine operative Refixation lässt sich das beste funktionelle Resultat erzielen, allerdings einhergehend mit einem nicht unerheblichen Komplikationsrisiko.
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enhances the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of ochratoxin A
Authors: Hassan Reham , González Daniela , Hobloss Zaynab , Brackhagen Lisa , Myllys Maiju , Friebel Adrian , Seddek Abdel-latif , Marchan Rosemarie , Cramer Benedikt , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Hoehme Stefan , Degen Gisela H. , Hengstler Jan G. , Ghallab Ahmed
Published: October 2022

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a contaminant in food that causes nephrotoxicity and to a minor degree hepatotoxicity. Recently, we observed that OTA induces liver damage preferentially to the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-expressing pericentral lobular zone, similar to hepatotoxic substances known to be metabolically toxified by CYP, such as acetaminophen or carbon tetrachloride. To investigate whether CYP influences OTA toxicity, we used a single dose of OTA (7.5 mg/kg; intravenous) with and without pre-treatment with the pan CYP-inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) 2 h before OTA administration. Blood, urine, as well as liver and kidney tissue samples were collected 24 h after OTA administration for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Inhibition of CYPs by ABT strongly increased the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of OTA. The urinary kidney damage biomarkers kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were increased > 126-fold and > 20-fold, respectively, in mice treated with ABT and OTA compared to those receiving OTA alone. The blood biomarkers of liver damage, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) both increased > 21- and 30-fold, respectively, when OTA was administered to ABT pre-treated mice compared to the effect of OTA alone. Histological analysis of the liver revealed a pericentral lobular damage induced by OTA despite CYP-inhibition by ABT. Administration of ABT alone caused no hepato- or nephrotoxicity. Overall, the results presented are compatible with a scenario where CYPs mediate the detoxification of OTA, yet the mechanisms responsible for the pericental liver damage pattern still remain to be elucidated.
Speicheldrüsenkarzinome – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Rupp Niels J. , Freiberger Sandra N.
Published: October 2022

In den letzten Jahren hat die Charakterisierung der Speicheldrüsenkarzinome einen großen Wandel durchlebt. Morphologisch definierte Entitäten konnten zu einem Großteil auch molekular mit einem oftmals distinkten Genotyp charakterisiert werden. Der erste Teil des Artikels gibt einen Überblick über die Fortschritte der molekularen Charakteristiken des Mukoepidermoidkarzinoms, adenoid-zystischen Karzinoms, Azinuszellkarzinoms, des sekretorischen und intraduktalen Karzinoms sowie des hyalinisierenden klarzelligen Karzinoms. Der molekulare Genotyp kann dabei insbesondere bei der Klassifizierung ungewöhnlicher morphologischer Varianten von großem Nutzen sein. Rekurrente NTRK- oder RET-Genfusionen können dabei nicht nur als diagnostisches Hilfsmittel, sondern auch für eine potenzielle gezielte Therapie genutzt werden.
Correction to: Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather: Current Understanding, Uncertainties, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Qian Yun , Chakraborty T. C. , Li Jianfeng , Li Dan , He Cenlin , Sarangi Chandan , Chen Fei , Yang Xuchao , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2022

The article “Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather: Current Understanding, Uncertainties, and Future Research Directions”, written by Yun QIAN, TC CHAKRABORTY, Jianfeng LI, Dan LI, Cenlin HE, Chandan SARANGI, Fei CHEN, Xuchao YANG, and L. Ruby LEUNG was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 25 of January 2022 with open access. With the author(s)’ decision, the copyright of the article changed from © The Author(s) 2022 to © Battelle Memorial Institute [2022].

The original article has been corrected.
Feministische Perspektiven in der deutschsprachigen Medizinethik: eine Bestandsaufnahme und drei Thesen
Authors: Faissner Mirjam , Hartmann Kris Vera , Marcinski-Michel Isabella , Müller Regina , Weßel Merle
Published: October 2022

Im internationalen Diskurs sind feministische Perspektiven auf die Medizinethik bereits etabliert. Demgegenüber scheinen diese bislang nur vereinzelt in den deutschsprachigen medizinethischen Diskurs eingebracht zu werden. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir, welche feministischen Perspektiven im deutschsprachigen medizinethischen Diskurs vertreten sind, und schlagen weitere Ansätze für eine feministische Medizinethik vor.

Zu diesem Zweck zeichnen wir mittels einer systematisierten Literaturrecherche feministische Perspektiven im deutschsprachigen medizinethischen Diskurs seit der Etablierung der Medizinethik als eigenständiger institutionalisierter Disziplin nach. Wir analysieren, welche Themen bereits innerhalb der Medizinethik aus einer feministischen Perspektive untersucht worden sind, und identifizieren Leerstellen. Basierend auf der Literaturrecherche, unseren eigenen Vorarbeiten sowie der Zusammenarbeit in der Arbeitsgruppe in der Akademie für Ethik in der Medizin „Feministische Perspektiven in der Bio- und Medizinethik“ stellen wir drei Thesen vor, die aus unserer Sicht einer Weiterentwicklung des deutschsprachigen medizinethischen Diskurses dienen können. Die erste These bezieht sich auf die Ziele feministischer Medizinethiken und besagt, dass diese (epistemische) Gerechtigkeit anstreben. Die zweite These stellt zentrale Eigenschaften von feministischen Medizinethiken als kritisch und kontext-sensibel heraus. In der dritten These diskutieren wir Intersektionalität und Postkolonialismus als theoretische Ansätze, die zu einer epistemisch gerechten, kritischen und kontext-sensiblen Medizinethik beitragen können. Wir argumentieren, dass feministische Perspektiven grundständig verankert werden sollten. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf die Arbeit der im letzten Jahr gegründeten Arbeitsgruppe in der Akademie für Ethik in der Medizin „Feministische Perspektiven in der Bio- und Medizinethik“.
Error bounds, facial residual functions and applications to the exponential cone
Authors: Lindstrom Scott B. , Lourenço Bruno F. , Pong Ting Kei
Published: October 2022

We construct a general framework for deriving error bounds for conic feasibility problems. In particular, our approach allows one to work with cones that fail to be amenable or even to have computable projections, two previously challenging barriers. For the purpose, we first show how error bounds may be constructed using objects calledone-step facial residual functions. Then, we develop several tools to compute these facial residual functions even in the absence of closed form expressions for the projections onto the cones. We demonstrate the use and power of our results by computing tight error bounds for the exponential cone feasibility problem. Interestingly, we discover a natural example for which the tightest error bound is related to the Boltzmann–Shannon entropy. We were also able to produce an example of sets for which a Hölderian error bound holds but the supremum of the set of admissible exponents is not itself an admissible exponent.
Multi-level personalization of neuromusculoskeletal models to estimate physiologically plausible knee joint contact forces in children
Authors: Davico Giorgio , Lloyd David G. , Carty Christopher P. , Killen Bryce A. , Devaprakash Daniel , Pizzolato Claudio
Published: October 2022

Neuromusculoskeletal models are a powerful tool to investigate the internal biomechanics of an individual. However, commonly used neuromusculoskeletal models are generated via linear scaling of generic templates derived from elderly adult anatomies and poorly represent a child, let alone children with a neuromuscular disorder whose musculoskeletal structures and muscle activation patterns are profoundly altered. Model personalization can capture abnormalities and appropriately describe the underlying (altered) biomechanics of an individual. In this work, we explored the effect of six different levels of neuromusculoskeletal model personalization on estimates of muscle forces and knee joint contact forces to tease out the importance of model personalization for normal and abnormal musculoskeletal structures and muscle activation patterns. For six children, with and without cerebral palsy, generic scaled models were developed and progressively personalized by (1) tuning and calibrating musculotendon units’ parameters, (2) implementing an electromyogram-assisted approach to synthesize muscle activations, and (3) replacing generic anatomies with image-based bony geometries, and physiologically and physically plausible muscle kinematics. Biomechanical simulations of gait were performed in the OpenSim and CEINMS software on ten overground walking trials per participant. A mixed-ANOVA test, with Bonferroni corrections, was conducted to compare all models’ estimates. The model with the highest level of personalization produced the most physiologically plausible estimates. Model personalization is crucial to produce physiologically plausible estimates of internal biomechanical quantities. In particular, personalization of musculoskeletal anatomy and muscle activation patterns had the largest effect overall. Increased research efforts are needed to ease the creation of personalized neuromusculoskeletal models.
Modeling difficulties in creating conceptual data models
Authors: Rosenthal Kristina , Strecker Stefan , Snoeck Monique
Published: October 2022

Conceptual modeling is a learning task essential to students of computer science, software engineering and related programs. Construed as a complex task, surprisingly little is known about the actual act of conceptual modeling, and about modeling difficulties learners experience. Combining complementary modes of observation of learners’ modeling processes, we study modeling difficulties encountered while performing a data modeling task. Using the concept of cognitive breakdown, we analyze audiovisual protocols of the individual modelers’ modeling processes, recordings of their interactions with the employed modeling software tool and survey data of modelers about their perception of encountered modeling difficulties. In an exploratory study and a follow-up study, we identify eight types of modeling difficulties related to modeling entity types, generalization hierarchies, relationship types, attributes and cardinalities. The identified types of modeling difficulties contribute to a better and more complete understanding of data modeling processes intended to inform design science research on modeling assistance for data modelers at different stages of their learning and mastering of conceptual data modeling.
Sensory brain activation during rectal balloon distention: a pilot study in healthy volunteers to assess safety and feasibility at 1.5T
Authors: Assmann Roman , Rutten Sanne , van den Hurk Job , Assmann Sadé Laurèl , Janssen Paul , Bouvy Nicole , Melenhorst Jarno , Breukink Stephanie
Published: October 2022

Objective

Although increasing evidence suggests a central mechanism of action for sacral neuromodulation, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We set up a scanning paradigm to measure brain activation related to various stages of rectal filling using rectal balloon distention.

Materials and Methods

Six healthy volunteers underwent rectal balloon distention during MRI scanning at a 1.5T scanner with a Tx/Rx head coil. MR images were collected at four levels of distention: empty balloon (EB), first sensation volume (FSV), desire to defecate volume (DDV), maximum tolerable volume (MTV). Data were analyzed using BrainVoyager 20.4. Whole brain and ROI-based fixed-effects general linear model analyses were performed on the fMRI time-course data from all participants.

Results

Rectal filling until FSV evoked the most blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses in several clusters throughout the cortex, followed by the responses evoked by rectal filling until DDV. Interestingly, rectal filling until MTV evoked negative responses compared to baseline throughout the cortex. No negative side effects were found.

Discussion

This study shows that a standardized paradigm for functional MRI combined with rectal filling is feasible and safe in healthy volunteers and is ready to be used in fecal incontinent patients to assess whether their brain activity differs from healthy controls.
Putting global health high on the agenda of medical schools
Authors: Kutalek Ruth , Lahlal Mina , Kaawa-Mafigiri David , Ryan-Coker Marcella , Böll Simone , Parisi Sandra , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Pritsch Michael
Published: October 2022

In this opinion paper, we reflect on global health and global health education as well as challenges that the coming generation are likely to face. As the field is rapidly changing, it is vital to critically reflect categories of “global south” and “global north” as geographical boundaries, and rather think in terms of inequalities that are present in all countries. Global perspectives on health are useful to analyze structural challenges faced in all health care systems and help understand the diversity of cultures and patients’ concepts of disease. We first discuss burning questions and important challenges in the field and how those challenges are tackled. Rather than going into detail on topical issues, we reflect on approaches and attitudes that we think are important in global health education and present opportunities and challenges for young scholars who are interested in working in this field.
Big data analytics capabilities and MSME innovation and performance: A double mediation model of digital platform and network capabilities
Authors: Bhatti Sabeen Hussain , Ahmed Adeel , Ferraris Alberto , Hirwani Wan Hussain Wan Mohd , Wamba Samuel Fosso
Published: October 2022

Drawing on dynamic capabilities and the resource-based view, we propose a conceptual model that encompasses big data analytics capabilities (BDAC), digital platform capabilities and network capabilities, supply chain innovation, and firm performance. We use the structural equation modeling to empirically validate this model on the time-lagged data of 221 micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the manufacturing sectors. The empirical results of our data analysis showed that BDAC significantly improved platform and networking capabilities. BDAC also improved supply chain innovation and thus financial performance. Our data indicated that networking capabilities mediated the relationships of both (a) BDAC-supply chain innovation and (b) BDAC-financial performance. Meanwhile, digital platforms mediated only the BDAC-supply chain innovation relationship. The outcomes of sequential mediation confirmed the role of both digital platform and network capabilities and supply chain innovation in the BDAC-firm performance link. Our results provide theoretical implications to operations management and offer practical insights for managers working in manufacturing MSMEs.
SiaLog: detecting anomalies in software execution logs using the siamese network
Authors: Hashemi Shayan , Mäntylä Mika
Published: October 2022

Detecting anomalies in software logs has become a notable concern for software engineers and maintainers as they represent anomalies in software execution paths and states. This paper propose a novel anomaly detection approach based on the Siamese network on top of Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN). Accordingly, we introduce a novel training pair generation algorithm to train the Siamese network which reduces generated training significantly while maintaining the $$F_1$$

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score. Additionally, we propose a hybrid model by combining the Siamese network with a traditional feedforward neural network to make end-to-end training possible, reducing engineering effort in setting up a deep-learning-based log anomaly detector. Furthermore, we provides validations of the approach on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Blue Gene/L (BGL), and Hadoop map-reduce task log datasets. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed approach outperforms other methods on the same dataset at the $$F_1$$

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scores of respectively 0.99, 0.99, and 0.94 on HDFS, BGL, and Hadoop datasets, resulting in a new state-of-the-art performance.To further evaluate the proposed method, we examine our method’s robustness to log evolutions by evaluating the model on synthetically evolved log sequences; we got the $$F_1$$

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score of 0.95 on the HDFS dataset at the noise ratio of $$20\%$$

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. Finally, we dive deep into some of the side benefits of the Siamese network. Accordingly, we introduce an unsupervised log evolution monitoring method alongside a visualization technique that facilitates model interpretability.
The Importance of Corporate Reputation for Sustainable Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review, Bibliometric Mapping, and Research Agenda
Authors: von Berlepsch David , Lemke Fred , Gorton Matthew
Published: October 2022

Corporate Reputation (CR) is essential to value generation and is co-created between a company and its stakeholders, including supply chain actors. Consequently, CR is a critical and valuable resource that should be managed carefully along supply chains. However, the current CR literature is fragmented, and a general definition of CR is elusive. Besides, the academic CR debate largely lacks a supply chain perspective. This is not surprising, as it is very difficult to collect reliable data along supply chains. When supply chains span the globe, data collection is especially challenging, as the chain consists of multiple suppliers and subcontractors, positioned at different tier levels. Recognizing this, the paper examines firstly the current state of CR research through a systematic literature review from a business perspective. The review is combined with a bibliometric mapping approach to show the most influential research clusters, representative of CR research streams and their contributors. This process highlights that the connection between CR and supply chain issues represents a major research gap. Consequently, this paper introduces a research agenda connecting these the two traditionally separated research fields.
The HF-AF ENERGY Trial: Nicotinamide Riboside for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Pool Lisa , Knops Paul , Manintveld Olivier C. , Brugts Jasper J. , Theuns Dominic A. M. J. , Brundel Bianca J. J. M. , de Groot Natasja M. S.
Published: October 2022

Background

The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction is common and associated with an increased risk of stroke, hospitalization and mortality. Recent research findings indicate that a reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels results in mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and consequently cardiomyocyte impairment in experimental and clinical HF and AF. The HF-AF ENERGY trial aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) treatment in ischemic heart disease patients diagnosed with AF.

Study design

The HF-AF ENERGY trial is a prospective intervention study. The study consists of a (retrospective) 4 months observation period and a 4 months intervention period. The cardioprotective effect of NR on AF burden is investigated by remote monitoring software of implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), which enables continuous atrial rhythm monitoring detection. Cardiac dimension and function are examined by echocardiography. Laboratory blood analysis is performed to determine mitochondrial function markers and energy metabolism. All the study parameters are assessed at two fixed time points (pre- and post-treatment). Pre- and post-treatment outcomes are compared to determine the effects of NR treatment on AF burden, mitochondrial function markers and energy metabolism.

Conclusion

The HF-AF ENERGY trial investigates the cardioprotective effects of NR on AF burden and whether NR normalizes blood-based mitochondrial function markers and energy metabolites of the NAD metabolome in ischemic heart disease patients diagnosed with AF. The study outcomes elucidate whether NAD+ metabolism can be used as a future therapy for HF patients with AF.
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Dysregulation Profile Teacher-Report: Psychometric Properties and Associations with Aspects of School Experience
Authors: Levantini Valentina , Camodeca Marina , Gelati Carmen
Published: October 2022

Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dysregulation is a risk factor for severe outcomes, calling for reliable measures to assess it, including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Dysregulation Profile (SDQ-DP) defined by 5 or 15 items. This study explored for the first time the factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the SDQ-DPs teacher-report in a sample of Italian children (N = 1000; age 7–12 years). The gender invariance of the SDQ-DPs, construct validity, and associations with school variables were also evaluated. A first-order model for the SDQ-DP 5-item and a bifactor model for the SDQ-DP 15-item best fitted the data. Full measurement invariance across gender was confirmed only for the 15-item scale. Internal and test-retest reliabilities were weaker for the 5-item scale. Both SDQ-DPs were similarly associated with a measure of emotion regulation skills and some school variables. This study provides indications for a more conscious use of the two scales.
Strong bidirectional gene flow between fish lineages separated for over 100,000 years
Authors: Lutz Maiko L. , Sunnucks Paul , Chapple David G. , Gilligan Dean , Lintermans Mark , Pavlova Alexandra
Published: October 2022

Restoring levels of genetic diversity in small and declining populations is increasingly being considered in biodiversity conservation. Evidence-based genetic management requires assessment of risks and benefits of crossing populations. Because risks are challenging to assess experimentally, e.g. through multi-generational crosses, decision-support approaches utilize proxy risk factors such as time since separation of lineages. However, the paucity of empirical datasets on fitness consequences of longer separation times tends to favour crossing lineages with conservatively short separations, restricting wildlife managers’ options. Here, we assessed the genetic outcomes of interbreeding in the wild between lineages of a threatened Australian freshwater fish (Macquarie perch) separated by an estimated 119,000–385,000 years of evolution in distinct environments. Fish belonging to the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) lineage escaped from Cataract Dam—into which they were translocated in ~ 1915—into the Cataract River, where they interbred with the local Hawkesbury-Nepean Basin (HNB) lineage. Analyses of reduced-representation genomic data revealed no evidence of genetic incompatibilities during interbreeding of the two lineages in the Cataract River: assignment to genotypic clusters indicated a spectrum of hybrid types including second generation hybrids and backcrosses to both parental lineages. Thus, no adverse effects were detected from genetic mixing of populations separated by > 100,000 years. We are not advocating purposely crossing the two lineages for management purposes under present cost–benefit considerations, because there are currently sufficient intra-lineage source populations to beneficially mix. Instead, this study presents a useful calibration point: two morphologically different lineages evolved in different habitats for 119,000–385,000 years can successfully interbreed.