bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grey Matter Atrophy and its Relationship with White Matter Lesions in Patients with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody‐associated Disease, Aquaporin‐4 Antibody‐Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cortese Rosa , Battaglini Marco , Prados Ferran , Gentile Giordano , Luchetti Ludovico , Bianchi Alessia , Haider Lukas , Jacob Anu , Palace Jacqueline , Messina Silvia , Paul Friedemann , Marignier Romain , Durand‐Dubief Françoise , de Medeiros Rimkus Carolina , Apostolos Pereira Samira Luisa , Sato Douglas Kazutoshi , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria Assunta , Cacciaguerra Laura , Rovira Àlex , Sastre‐Garriga Jaume , Arrambide Georgina , Liu Yaou , Duan Yunyun , Gasperini Claudio , Tortorella Carla , Ruggieri Serena , Amato Maria Pia , Ulivelli Monica , Groppa Sergiu , Grothe Matthias , Llufriu Sara , Sepulveda Maria , Lukas Carsten , Bellenberg Barbara , Schneider Ruth , Sowa Piotr , Celius Elisabeth G. , Pröbstel Anne‐Katrin , Granziera Cristina , Yaldizli Özgür , Müller Jannis , Stankoff Bruno , Bodini Benedetta , Barkhof Frederik , Ciccarelli Olga , De Stefano Nicola ,   for the MAGNIMS Study Group
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate: (1) the distribution of gray matter (GM) atrophy in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD), aquaporin‐4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); and (2) the relationship between GM volumes and white matter lesions in various brain regions within each disease.

Methods

A retrospective, multicenter analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data included patients with MOGAD/AQP4+NMOSD/RRMS in non‐acute disease stage. Voxel‐wise analyses and general linear models were used to evaluate the relevance of regional GM atrophy. For significant results (p < 0.05), volumes of atrophic areas are reported.

Results

We studied 135 MOGAD patients, 135 AQP4+NMOSD, 175 RRMS, and 144 healthy controls (HC). Compared with HC, MOGAD showed lower GM volumes in the temporal lobes, deep GM, insula, and cingulate cortex (75.79 cm3); AQP4+NMOSD in the occipital cortex (32.83 cm3); and RRMS diffusely in the GM (260.61 cm3). MOGAD showed more pronounced temporal cortex atrophy than RRMS (6.71 cm3), whereas AQP4+NMOSD displayed greater occipital cortex atrophy than RRMS (19.82 cm3). RRMS demonstrated more pronounced deep GM atrophy in comparison with MOGAD (27.90 cm3) and AQP4+NMOSD (47.04 cm3). In MOGAD, higher periventricular and cortical/juxtacortical lesions were linked to reduced temporal cortex, deep GM, and insula volumes. In RRMS, the diffuse GM atrophy was associated with lesions in all locations. AQP4+NMOSD showed no lesion/GM volume correlation.

Interpretation

GM atrophy is more widespread in RRMS compared with the other two conditions. MOGAD primarily affects the temporal cortex, whereas AQP4+NMOSD mainly involves the occipital cortex. In MOGAD and RRMS, lesion‐related tract degeneration is associated with atrophy, but this link is absent in AQP4+NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:276–288
Electrospun polyimide nanofiber‐based separators containing carboxyl groups for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Song Tingyu , Min Yonggang
Published: May 2024

A lithium‐ion battery separator facilitates lithium‐ion transportation and prevents direct contact between the cathode and anode. Polyimide separators exhibited superior thermal stability and electrolyte wettability. In this study, carboxylated polyimide separators were prepared by electrospinning carboxyl group‐containing monomers. Polyimide separators were prepared with different content of carboxyl group‐containing monomer. Moreover, the thermal property, mechanical property, and electrochemical performance of separators were studied. The carboxylated polyimide separators exhibited lower interfacial resistance and higher ionic conductivity compared with polyimide separators. Moreover, the LiFePO4/Li half‐cell assembled using the carboxylated polyimide exhibited enhanced cycling stability and rate capability. Therefore, carboxylated polyimide separators with superior electrochemical performances are promising candidates for lithium‐ion batteries.
Transforming ghosts into ancestors: A call to action
Authors: Connolly Medria
Published: May 2024

The psychological case for reparations offers a framework for understanding the emotional complexity inherent in the centuries‐long resistance to granting reparations to African Americans for its three hundred years of chattel slavery and its legacies—Jim Crow, redlining, mass incarceration, extrajudicial killings, and voter suppression. A central component of the resistance is moral injury, which Bryan Nichols and I maintain is the primary reason why the concept of reparations is so emotionally charged. The disavowal of the collective trauma for both the formerly enslaved and former slave owners creates moral wounds which show up as metaphorical ghosts that haunt US culture. Behavioral scientists who understand the complexity of both individual and large group dynamics are called upon to acknowledge and repair the intergenerational moral wounds of chattel slavery and assume leadership in the reparative process—to “transform ghosts into ancestors.”
Choice Repetition Bias in Intertemporal Choice: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Senftleben Ulrike , Schoemann Martin , Scherbaum Stefan
Published: May 2024

Intertemporal choices (i.e., the choice between a sooner available but smaller reward and a later available but larger reward) were initially thought to reflect stable preferences for immediate or delayed rewards. However, recently, it has been shown that intertemporal choices are influenced by factors such as context variables and attentional processes. Here, we investigate if another factor, the choice repetition bias, affects decision making and attentional processes in intertemporal choice. The choice repetition bias is characterized by the tendency to repeat previous choices and to be slower when switching to an alternative choice. In a series of two experiments (including a preregistered, eye‐tracking study), we find that the choice repetition bias exists in intertemporal choice. We also find tentative support for an early attentional bias towards the favored attribute dimension of the previous choice; however, this effect disappears when taking the whole decision process into account. This finding raises interesting questions about the cognitive processes underlying the choice repetition bias. In addition, we successfully replicate other attentional effects from the intertemporal choice literature (e.g., more fixations on monetary dimension, gaze cascade effect).
In vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcomes of women with X chromosome abnormality: A case series
Authors: Wang Ruohan , Zhang Linyu , Liao Jia , Ma Fang , Ma Qianhong
Published: May 2024

Background

To describe and conclude the in vitro fertilization (IVF) results of patients with X chromosome abnormality.

Methods

A retrospective case series was conducted. According to the number of normal X, patients were allocated into two groups: Group A (patients with only a normal X, while other X has any types of abnormalities) and Group B (patients have two or more normal X chromosomes). Clinical data, including basic information, fertility information, and IVF outcomes, were collected.

Results

Fourteen patients with X chromosome abnormality were included, among which 13 patients underwent a total of 29 cycles. Patients in Group B had five successful pregnancies and three live births, while no patient in Group A had a clinical pregnancy. Furthermore, the blastocyst formation rate and incidence of pregnancy were significantly lower in Group A (Z = −3.135, p = .002; Z = −2.946, p = .003, respectively). When controlled covariates, the karyotype of one normal X was also a risk factor for both blastocyst formation rate and success pregnancy (β = .820, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.458–1.116, β = .333, 95% CI = 0.017–0.494, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results revealed that women with only one normal X might suffer from worse IVF outcomes, mainly blastocyst formation rate, compared with those who had two or more normal X, including mosaic Turner syndrome and 47,XXX.
Electromagnetic field exposure monitoring of commercial 28‐GHz band 5G base stations in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Liu Sen , Tobita Kazuhiro , Onishi Teruo , Taki Masao , Watanabe Soichi
Published: May 2024

Fifth generation (5G) wireless communication is being rolled out around the world. In this work, the latest radio frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure measurement results on commercial 28‐GHz band 5G base stations (BSs) deployed in the urban area of Tokyo, Japan, are presented. The measurements were conducted under realistic traffic conditions with a 5G smartphone and using both omnidirectional and horn antennas. First and foremost, in all cases, the electric‐field (E‐field) intensity is much lower (<−38 dB) than the exposure limits. The E‐field intensities for traffic‐off cases do not show any significant difference between the two antennas with the maximum being 3.6 dB. For traffic‐on cases, the omnidirectional antenna can undesirably capture the radio wave from the smartphone in some cases, resulting in a 7–13 dB higher E‐field intensity than that using the horn antenna. We also present comparative results between 4G long term evolution BSs and sub‐6‐GHz band and 28‐GHz band 5G BSs and provide recommendations on acquiring meaningful EMF exposure data. This work is a further step toward the standardization of the measurement method regarding quasi‐millimeter/millimeter wave 5G BSs.
Effect of mean platelet volume and platelet count on the prognosis of branch atheromatous disease
Authors: Liu Yinglin , Wu Kun , Xu Ronghua , He Lanying , Zheng Min , Wang Jian
Published: May 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PC) in branch atheromatous disease (BAD).

Methods

This retrospective study included 216 patients with BAD‐stroke within 48 h of symptom onset. These patients were divided into good and poor prognosis groups according to their 3‐month modified Rankin scale scores after discharge. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent predictors of poor prognosis in BAD‐stroke patients. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the predictive value of MPV and PC on BAD‐stroke.

Results

Our research showed that a higher MPV (aOR, 2.926; 95% CI, 2.040–4.196; p < .001) and PC (aOR, 1.013; 95% CI, 1.005–1.020; p = .001) were independently associated with poor prognosis after adjustment for confounders. The ROC analysis of MPV for predicting poor prognosis showed that the sensitivity and specificity were 74% and 84.9%, respectively, and that the AUC was .843 (95% CI, .776–.909, p < .001). The optimal cut‐off value was 12.35. The incidence of early neurological deterioration (END) was 24.5% (53 of 163), and 66% of patients in the poor prognosis group had END (33 of 50). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that elevated MPV and PC were associated with the occurrence of END (p < .05).

Conclusion

Our results suggested that an elevated MPV and PC may be important in predicting a worse outcome in BAD‐stroke patients. Our study also demonstrated an independent association of MPV and PC with END, which is presumably the main reason for the poor prognosis.
Successful auto‐transplantation of a mandibular third molar: A case report on restoring esthetics and function in a 66‐year‐old patient
Authors: Aminsobhani Mohsen , Babaahmadi Maryam
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This article describes a successful case of auto‐transplantation of a mandibular third molar to replace a non‐restorable second molar, highlighting the efficacy of this procedure in restoring function with factors like asepsis, surgical technique, and postoperative care contributing to the success.

This case report describes successful auto‐transplantation of a mandibular third molar to replace a non‐restorable second molar in a 66‐year‐old patient. The procedure involved atraumatic extraction, repositioning, and stabilization of the donor tooth, followed by postoperative care and 1‐year follow‐up. The favorable outcome highlights the potential of mature third molar transplantation as an effective approach for replacement of missing or non‐restorable permanent molar teeth to restore esthetics and function. The success of the procedure was attributed to factors such as asepsis, atraumatic surgical technique, preservation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) vitality, minimal extraoral time, optimal occlusion, and adequate fixation. At the 1‐year follow‐up, the patient was asymptomatic with stable occlusion, highlighting the optimal efficacy of the procedure.
Dual Photoactive Species in CuPd for Light‐switched Homo‐coupling of Alkynes in Anaerobic and Base Free Condition
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhao Jian , Zhang Min
Published: May 2024

Various ratios of CuPd alloy are loaded on C3N4 and utilized as efficient photocatalyst for the light‐switched homo‐coupling of alkynes in anaerobic and base free condition. For the model phenylacetylene reactant, the light‐irradiation promotes the reaction rate from 36.9 % to 99.9 % and the selectivity of 1,3‐diynes from 0 % to 68.7 %. Different supports, solvents and the induction period of the prepared samples show influence on the activity. The action spectra with different light wavelengths demonstrate that both copper phenylacetylide intermediate formed during the reaction and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of the copper in CuPd alloy are the photoactive species. Through the control experiments, it confirms that these dual photoactive species and the interface between Cu and Pd are essential for efficient light‐switching reaction pathway.
CFD Analysis of Laminar Mixing Mechanism and Performance in an Oscillatory Baffled Reactor
Authors: Murotani Ryosuke , Horie Takafumi , Fujioka Satoko , Komoda Yoshiyuki , Ohmura Naoto , Masuda Hayato , Okita Erika , Yasuda Masahiro
Published: May 2024

The mixing mechanism in an oscillatory baffled reactor (OBR) at the low oscillatory Reynolds number was analyzed using numerical simulation. OBR is a tubular reactor in which baffles are placed at equal intervals, and the interaction between the baffles and oscillatory flow mixes the fluid. At the low oscillatory Reynolds number, mixing induced by the folding and stretching of the fluid was observed at each baffle section. This was caused by the radial flow in the vicinity of the baffles when the direction of the oscillatory flow was reversed. The mixing performance was quantified by applying virtual particle tracing, setting up a virtual boundary surface, and following the changes in its area over time. The area increased exponentially, confirming the chaotic mixing characteristics.
Hydrogenolysis of Cationic Half‐Sandwich Zinc Complexes Containing a Chelating Amine: Facile Cleavage of Zinc‐Carbon Bond by Dihydrogen to Give Zinc Hydride Cations
Authors: Mahawar Pritam , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun
Published: May 2024

Cationic half‐sandwich zinc complexes containing chelating amines [Cp*Zn(Ln)][BAr4F] (2 a, Cp*=η3‐C5Me5, Ln=N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethylethylenediamine, TMEDA; 2 b, Ln=N,N,N’,N’‐tetraethylethylenediamine, TEEDA; 2 c, Cp*=η1‐C5Me5, Ln=N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, PMDTA; Ar4F=(3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3)4) reacted with dihydrogen (ca. 2 bar) in THF at 80 °C to give molecular zinc hydride cations [(Ln)ZnH(thf)m][BAr4F] (3 a,b, m=1; 3 c, m=0) previously reported along with Cp*H. Pseudo first‐order kinetics with respect to the concentration of 2 b suggests heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen by the Zn−Cp* bond, reminiscent of σ‐bond metathesis. Hydrogenolysis of the zinc cation 2 b in the presence of benzophenone gave the zinc alkoxide [(TEEDA)Zn(OCHPh2)(thf)][BAr4F] (5 b). Cation 2 b was shown to catalytically hydrogenate N‐benzylideneaniline. The PMDTA complex 2 c underwent C−H bond activation in acetonitrile to give a dinuclear μ‐κC,κN‐cyanomethyl zinc complex [(PMDTA)Zn(CH2CN)]2[BAr4F]2 (6 c).
Asymmetric and Chemoselective Iridium Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Conjugated Unsaturated Oxime Ethers
Authors: Zhao Shaohu , Peters Bram B. C. , Zhang Haili , Xue Ruize , Yang Yixin , Wu Liuying , Huang Tianrui , He Lei , Andersson Pher G. , Zhou Taigang
Published: May 2024

Research on the chemoselective metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation of conjugated π‐systems has mostly been focussed on enones. Herein, we communicate the understudied asymmetric hydrogenation of enimines catalyzed by N,P‐iridium complexes and chemoselective toward the alkene. A number of enoxime ethers underwent hydrogenation smoothly to yield the desired products in high yield and stereopurity (up to 99 % yield, up to 99 % ee). No hydrogenation of the C=N π‐bond was observed under the applied reaction conditions (20 bar H2, rt, DCM). It was demonstrated that the chiral oxime ether could be hydrolyzed into the ketone with complete preservation of the installed stereogenity at the α‐carbon. At last, a binding mode of the substrate to the active iridium catalyst and the consequence for the stereoselective outcome was proposed.
Recyclable Homogeneous Catalysis Enabled by Dynamic Coordination on Rhodium(II) Axial Sites of Metal‐Organic Polyhedra
Authors: Sánchez‐Fuente Miguel , Hernández‐López Laura , Maspoch Daniel , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Carné‐Sánchez Arnau
Published: May 2024

The activity of catalytic nanoparticles is strongly dependent on their surface chemistry, which controls colloidal stability and substrate diffusion toward catalytic sites. In this work, we studied how the outer surface chemistry of nanostructured Rh(II)‐based metal‐organic cages or polyhedra (Rh‐MOPs) impacts their performance in homogeneous catalysis. Specifically, through post‐synthetic coordination of aliphatic imidazole ligands onto the exohedral Rh(II) axial sites of Rh‐MOPs, we solubilized a cuboctahedral Rh‐MOP in dichloromethane, thereby enabling its use as a homogeneous catalyst. We demonstrated that the presence of the coordinating ligand on the surface of the Rh‐MOP does not hinder its catalytic activity in styrene aziridination and cyclopropanation reactions, thanks to the dynamic Rh‐imidazole coordination bond. Finally, we used similar ligand exchange post‐synthetic reactions to develop a ligand‐mediated approach for precipitating the Rh‐MOP catalyst, facilitating the recovery and reuse of Rh‐MOPs as homogeneous catalysts.
An Image‐Based Approach to Automated Recognition of Asbestos‐Containing Components in Wall Demolition Waste
Authors: Bauer Albert , Kruggel‐Emden Harald
Published: May 2024

The feasibility to discriminate potentially asbestos‐containing components from asbestos‐free concrete based on camera images using the example of wall demolition waste is investigated. For this, three types of asbestos substitute materials and two types of concrete are crushed and photographed. The classification of the fragment images is carried out with a) morphological and texture features and b) with features automatically extracted by the pretrained MobileNetV3 network. Feret diameters, circularity, and others served as morphological descriptors. The texture was described by measures of grey‐level intensity, as obtained from the grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix. Support vector machines are found to achieve classification accuracies above 99 % based on the automatically extracted features. The presented identification approach is promising to automate the treatment process of asbestos‐containing materials from construction and demolition waste, which is effortful and requires expert knowledge to this day.
Epoxy‐Based Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Plastics Recycling via Solvolysis with Non‐Oxidizing Methanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Sibari Reda , Chakraborty Souvik , Baz Stephan , Gresser Götz T. , Benner Wladislaw , Brämer Thilo , Steuernagel Leif , Ionescu Emanuel , Deubener Joachim , Beuermann Sabine , Ziegmann Gerhard , Wilhelm René
Published: May 2024

The urgent requirement for efficient recycling strategies in the wind energy industry prompted this study to explore the behavior of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in the solvolysis of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics (CFRP), as an alternative to standard solvents and acids. For the investigation, two layers of carbon fibers, infused with amine‐based epoxy through a vacuum‐assisted resin infusion process, were applied. The results showed that MSA was the most effective solvent for the solvolysis of CFRP, compared to other investigated common acids. The recycled products demonstrated satisfactory properties for both the matrix and fiber, which were comparable to those of the virgin materials.
Utility of silver birch and house dust mite extracts derived from licensed sublingual tablets for nasal allergen challenge
Authors: Olivieri Bianca , Gil Ana Jimenez , Stoenchev Kostadin , Durham Stephen R. , Scadding Guy
Published: May 2024

Background

Nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is used to investigate the effects of allergen exposure and assess treatment efficacy in allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aims to establish dose‐responses to NAC using licensed silver birch (SB) pollen and house dust mite (HDM) sublingual tablets as sources of the allergen extracts in participants with AR.

Methods

Sixteen volunteers with HDM‐induced perennial AR and 15 volunteers with SB pollen‐induced seasonal rhinitis underwent a graded up‐dosing NAC with extracts derived from HDM allergen (Acarizax®) and SB (Itulazax®) tablets, respectively. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS, range 0–12) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were recorded before, at 10 min and at the end of the NAC. The dose of each allergen that provoked a TNSS of at least 7 (“provoking dose 7”) in most allergic participants was identified. NACs using the “provoking dose 7” were performed on 5 non‐allergic individuals to test for irritant effects. The “provoking dose 7” of HDM extract was used in a subgroup of two SB allergic, non‐HDM allergic, volunteers, and vice versa for SB extract, to test for allergen specificity of the responses.

Results

Most patients experienced a TNSS of at least 7/12 at a median concentration of 1500 AU/mL for both SB pollen and HDM. The average decline in PNIF at this dose was 63.15% for SB and 63.99% for HDM. NACs using the 1500 AU/mL concentrations were performed on 5 non‐allergic individuals with no symptomatic or PNIF response. 1500 AU/mL of HDM extract produced no symptoms in SB allergics nor 1500 AU/mL SB extract in HDM allergics.

Conclusion

For both SB and HDM extracts, the optimal allergen dose for NAC to cause a moderate‐severity response (“provoking dose 7/12”) was 1500 AU/mL. Licensed sublingual allergen tablets provide a readily available and inexpensive source of SB and HDM extracts for use in future interventional studies in AR.
Boosting the Impact of EFMC Young Scientists Network Through the Creation of Working Groups
Authors: Mari Michele , Lanthier Caroline , Proj Matic , Donckele Etienne J. , Josa‐Culleré Laia , Goncharenko Kristina , Leroy Salomé , Matagne Brieuc , McKenna Sean M. , Borsari Chiara
Published: May 2024

The establishment of the Young Scientists Network (YSN) by the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) served as a proactive response to the evolving landscape of the scientific community. The YSN aims to assist early‐career medicinal chemists and chemical biologists by responding to emerging themes, such as the influence of social media, shifts in gender balance within the scientific population, and evolving educational opportunities. The YSN also ensures that the upcoming generation of scientists actively contributes to shape the EFMC's strategic direction while addressing their specific needs. Initially conceived as a general concept, YSN has evolved into a proactive and dynamic team which demonstrates a tangible impact. To boost the impact of the YSN and involve additional motivated young scientists, we have adopted a novel organization, and structured the team in seven working groups (WGs). Herein, we will discuss the tasks of the different WGs as well as the activities planned for the near future. We believe this structure will strengthen the pivotal role YSN has already played in serving medicinal chemists and chemical biologists in Europe. The YSN now has the structure and motivation to pave the way to attract young scientists across Europe and to give them the stage within EFMC.
NHAPMAD: Novel hybrid approaches for privacy‐preserved multiple attacks detection
Authors: Seth Abhay Deep , Sharma Shruti , Ratmele Ankur
Published: May 2024

Detecting anomalies is crucial for maintaining security in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as they are susceptible to various attacks that compromise nodes and yield inaccurate outcomes. Conventional attack detection approaches face challenges like high false positives, vulnerability to complex attacks, and limited adaptability to changing attacks due to predefined patterns. Additionally, the computational strain on resource‐constrained nodes hampers network efficiency, demanding innovative and resilient security solutions. Therefore, this research work introduces Novel Hybrid Approaches for Privacy‐preserved Multiple Attacks Detection (NHAPMAD) framework in both network attack detection system and host attack detection system. This topology bolsters the network's defense against various types of attacks, thereby ensuring the preservation of sensitive data privacy. Federated learning has been incorporated into the NHAPMAD framework to protect user privacy in WSNs. The introduced framework provides better anomaly detection and reduces false alarms. Additionally, the introduced model protects sensitive data, ensuring the security and integrity of the entire WSN, promoting a stable and dependable operating environment. The introduced method exhibits superior performance across various metrics like overall accuracy (99.6%), F1‐score (99.59%), recall (99.47%), precision (99.63%), detection rate (99.5%), processing time (0.0009 s), etc. compared to traditional approaches, marking a significant advancement in the realm of WSN security.
Simulation of Hydrogen Adsorption in Hierarchical Silicalite: Role of Electrostatics and Surface Chemistry
Authors: Gautam S. , Cole D. R. , Dudás Z. I. , Dhiman I.
Published: May 2024

Adsorption in nanoporous materials is one strategy that can be used to store hydrogen at conditions of temperature and pressure that are economically viable. Adsorption capacity of nanoporous materials depends on surface area which can be enhanced by incorporating a hierarchical pore structure. We report grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation results on the adsorption of hydrogen in hierarchical models of silicalite that incorporate 4 nm wide mesopores in addition to the 0.5 nm wide micropores at 298 K, using different force fields to model hydrogen. Our results suggest that incorporating mesopores in silicalite can enhance adsorption by at least 20 % if electrostatic interactions are not included and up to 100 % otherwise. Incorporating electrostatic interactions results in higher adsorption by close to 100 % at lower pressures for hierarchical silicalite whereas for unmodified silicalite, it is less significant at all pressures. Hydroxylating the mesopore surface in hierarchical silicalite results in an enhancement in adsorption at pressures below 1 atm and suppression by up to 20 % at higher pressures. Temperature dependence at selected pressures exhibits expected decrease in adsorption amounts at higher temperatures. These findings can be useful in the engineering, selection, and optimization of nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage.
Insulin Resistance and Insulin Handling in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Parvathareddy Vishnu P. , Wu Jiao , Thomas Sandhya S.
Published: May 2024

Insulin regulates energy metabolism involving multiple organ systems. Insulin resistance (IR) occurs when organs exhibit reduced insulin sensitivity, leading to difficulties in maintaining glucose homeostasis. IR ensures decades prior to development of overt diabetes and can cause silent metabolic derangements. IR is typically seen very early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is evident even when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is within the normal range and IR persists at various stages of kidney disease. In this article, we will discuss insulin handling by the kidneys, mechanisms responsible for IR in CKD, measurements and management of IR in patients with CKD, and recent type 2 diabetic trials with implications for improved cardiovascular outcomes in CKD. © 2023 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
13:5069‐5076, 2023.
Recent Advances on the Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Monoanionic Bidentate Silyl Ligands
Authors: Batuecas María , Goméz‐España Alejandra , Fernández‐Álvarez Francisco J.
Published: May 2024

The chemistry of transition‐metal (TM) complexes with monoanionic bidentate (κ2‐L,Si) silyl ligands has considerably grown in recent years. This work summarizes the advances in the chemistry of TM‐(κ2‐L,Si) complexes (L=N‐heterocycle, phosphine, N‐heterocyclic carbene, thioether, ester, silylether or tetrylene). The most common synthetic method has been the oxidative addition of the Si−H bond to the metal center assisted by the coordination of L. The metal silicon bond distances in TM‐(κ2‐L,Si) complexes are in the range of metal‐silyl bond distances. TM‐(κ2‐L,Si) complexes have proven to be effective catalysts for hydrosilylation and/or hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules among other processes.
Application of machine learning and deep learning in geothermal resource development: Trends and perspectives
Authors: Al‐Fakih Abdulrahman , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Kaka Sanlinn
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the latest advancements in machine learning and deep learning applications in geothermal resource development, extending the analysis up to 2024. It focuses on artificial intelligence's transformative role in the geothermal industry, analyzing recent literature from Scopus and Google Scholar to identify emerging trends, challenges, and future opportunities. The results reveal a marked increase in artificial intelligence (AI) applications, particularly in reservoir engineering, with significant advancements observed post‐2019. This study highlights AI's potential in enhancing drilling and exploration, emphasizing the integration of detailed case studies and practical applications. It also underscores the importance of ongoing research and tailored AI applications, in light of the rapid technological advancements and future trends in the field.
How do invasive predators and their native prey respond to prescribed fire?
Authors: Watchorn Darcy J. , Doherty Tim S. , Wilson Barbara A. , Garkaklis Mark J. , Driscoll Don A.
Published: May 2024

Fire shapes animal communities by altering resource availability and species interactions, including between predators and prey. In Australia, there is particular concern that two highly damaging invasive predators, the feral cat (Felis catus) and European red fox (Vulpes vulpes), increase their activity in recently burnt areas and exert greater predation pressure on the native prey due to their increased exposure. We tested how prescribed fire occurrence and extent, along with fire history, vegetation, topography, and distance to anthropogenic features (towns and farms), affected the activity (detection frequency) of cats, foxes, and the native mammal community in south‐eastern Australia. We used camera traps to quantify mammal activity before and after a prescribed burn and statistically tested how the fire interacted with these habitat variables to affect mammal activity. We found little evidence that the prescribed fire influenced the activity of cats and foxes and no evidence of an effect on kangaroo or small mammal (<800 g) activity. Medium‐sized mammals (800–2000 g) were negatively associated with prescribed fire extent, suggesting that prescribed fire has a negative impact on these species in the short term. The lack of a clear activity increase from cats and foxes is likely a positive outcome from a fire management perspective. However, we highlight that their response is likely dependent upon factors like fire size, severity, and prey availability. Future experiments should incorporate GPS‐trackers to record fine‐scale movements of cats and foxes in temperate ecosystems immediately before and after prescribed fire to best inform management within protected areas.
Deliberately introduced dung beetles in Australia: 12 years of occurrence and abundance records from 2001 to 2022
Authors: Berson Jacob D. , Edwards Penelope B. , Ridsdill‐Smith T. James , Taylor Christopher K. , Anderson Daniel J. , Andrew Nigel R. , Barrow Russell A. , Cousins David A. , Emery Robert N. , Fagan Laura L. , Foster Rhiannon M. , Harwood Lucas G. , Hemmings Zac , Lewis Megan J. , Lukehurst Sherralee S. , Manger Jake , Matthiessen John N. , Vieira Marcela D. C. , Weston Paul A. , Didham Raphael K. , Evans Theodore A.
Published: May 2024

Since 1968, the Australian Dung Beetle Project has carried out field releases of 43 deliberately introduced dung beetle species for the biological control of livestock dung and dung‐breeding pests. Of these, 23 species are known to have become established. For most of these species, sufficient time has elapsed for population expansion to fill the extent of their potential geographic range through both natural and human‐assisted dispersal. Consequently, over the last 20 years, extensive efforts have been made to quantify the current distribution of these introduced dung beetles, as well as the seasonal and spatial variation in their activity levels. Much of these data and their associated metadata have remained unpublished, and they have not previously been synthesized into a cohesive dataset. Here, we collate and report data from the three largest dung beetle monitoring projects from 2001 to 2022. Together, these projects encompass data collected from across Australia, and include records for all 23 species of established dung beetles introduced for biocontrol purposes. In total, these data include 22,718 presence records and 213,538 absence records collected during 10,272 sampling events at 546 locations. Most presence records (97%) include abundance data. In total, 1,752,807 dung beetles were identified as part of these data. The distributional occurrence and abundance data can be used to explore questions such as factors influencing dung beetle species distributions, dung beetle biocontrol, and insect‐mediated ecosystem services. These data are provided under a CC‐BY‐NC 4.0 license and users are encouraged to cite this data paper when using the data.
Regulatory effects of microRNAs on monocytic HLA‐DR surface expression
Authors: Folini Anja , Zhang Lan , Luedi Markus M , Moolan‐Vadackumchery Robin , Matthiss Lena , Hoffmann Anneliese , Stüber Frank , Huang Melody Ying‐Yu
Published: May 2024

Decreased monocytic HLA‐DR expression is the most studied biomarker of immune competency in critically ill and autoimmune disease patients. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. One probable HLA‐DR dysregulation is through microRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of specific microRNAs on HLA‐DR expression in human monocytic cells. Four up‐ and four down‐HLA‐DR‐regulating microRNAs were identified, with hsa‐miR‐let‐7f‐2‐3p showing the most significant upregulation and hsa‐miR‐567 and hsa‐miR‐3972 downregulation. Anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid medication Dexamethasone‐decreased HLA‐DR was significantly restored by hsa‐miR‐let‐7f‐2‐3p and hsa‐miR‐5693. Contrarily, proinflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ and TNF‐α‐increased HLA‐DR were significantly reversed by hsa‐miR‐567. Clinically, paired plasma samples from patients before and one day after cardiac surgery revealed up‐regulated expression of hsa‐miR‐5693, hsa‐miR‐567, and hsa‐miR‐3972, following the major surgical trauma. In silico approaches were applied for functional microRNA‐mRNA interaction prediction and candidate target genes were confirmed by qPCR analysis. In conclusion, novel monocytic HLA‐DR microRNA modulators were identified and validated in vitro. Moreover, both the interaction between the microRNAs and anti‐ and proinflammatory molecules and the up‐regulated microRNAs identified in cardiac surgery highlight the potential clinical relevance of our findings.
Complement C3aR signaling: Immune and metabolic modulation and its impact on Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gedam Manasee , Zheng Hui
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among the elderly population. Despite its widespread prevalence, our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of the disease remains incomplete, posing a challenge for the development of efficient therapies. Pathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, AD is also accompanied by the hyperactivation of glial cells and the immune system. The complement cascade, the evolutionarily conserved innate immune pathway, has emerged as a significant contributor to AD. This review focuses on one of the complement components, the C3a receptor (C3aR), covering its structure, ligand‐receptor interaction, intracellular signaling and its functional consequences. Drawing insights from cellular and AD mouse model studies, we present the multifaceted role of complement C3aR signaling in AD and attempt to convey to the readers that C3aR acts as a crucial immune and metabolic modulator to influence AD pathogenesis. Building on this framework, the objective of this review is to inform future research endeavors and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for this challenging condition.
Selenoureido Calix[6]arenes: A Novel Platform for Pseudorotaxane Synthesis
Authors: Cester Bonati Federica , Andreoni Leonardo , Cattani Silvia , Baccini Caterina , Anzellotti Sara , Cera Gianpiero , Silvi Serena , Secchi Andrea
Published: May 2024

Heteroditopic calix[6]arenes are widely employed macrocycles for the synthesis of pseudo‐oriented interlocked systems and stimuli‐induced molecular machines, among others. Herein, we introduce a new calix[6]arene receptor functionalised with three phenylselenoureido groups. These hydrogen‐bonding donor moieties are able to promote the threading of viologen‐based organic axles inside the macrocyclic cavity to form a stable pseudorotaxane species. Preliminary investigations using 1H‐NMR measurements and semi‐empirical and DFT studies suggested its further use as a platform for the synthesis of rotaxanes.
Halogenation of Alkenes Using Three‐Component Reactions: A Decade of Development
Authors: Zeng Rongliang , Zhang Li , Huang Dayun
Published: May 2024

Alkenes are valuable feedstocks in organic synthesis. One effective method for synthesizing organic halides with functional groups in close proximity involves the direct difunctionalization of alkenes via three‐component reactions. This approach not only reduces the number of steps involved in the synthesis process, but also minimizes waste generation and enables the formation of complex molecules from simple starting materials. In this review, we mainly discuss decade developments (2013‐2023) in two categories: (1) halogenation via three‐membered ring intermediates, involving haliranium, thiiranium,seleniranium, aziridinium and epoxide species; (2) halogenation via a radical pathway. Reactions with I2, BiI3, NaI, Bu4N+[I(O2CAr)2]−, NIS, NBS, NCS, DBH, BsNMeBr, HBr, HCl, KI, NH4I, I2O5, Et3N ⋅ 3HF, Selectfluor, CuI, CuBr, CuCl, LiCl, KBr, NaCl, SOCl2, Py ⋅ 9HF, NFSI, TBSCl et al have been recorded and how the added reagents work will be discussed. We hope this review will do help for future research in this area.
Retrogressive thaw slump susceptibility in the northern hemisphere permafrost region
Authors: Makopoulou Eirini , Karjalainen Olli , Elia Letizia , Blais‐Stevens Andrée , Lantz Trevor , Lipovsky Panya , Lombardo Luigi , Nicu Ionut C. , Rubensdotter Lena , Rudy Ashley C. A. , Hjort Jan
Published: May 2024

Mean annual temperatures in the Arctic and subarctic have increased in recent decades, increasing the number of permafrost hazards. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs), triggered by the thawing of ground ice in permafrost soil, have become more common in the Arctic. Many studies report an increase in RTS activity on a local or regional scale. In this study, the primary goals are to: (i) examine the spatial patterns of the RTS occurrences across the circumpolar permafrost region, (ii) assess the environmental factors associated with their occurrence and (iii) create the first susceptibility map for RTS occurrence across the Northern Hemisphere. Based on our results, we predicted high RTS susceptibility in the continuous permafrost regions above the 60th latitude, especially in northern Alaska, north‐western Canada, the Yamal Peninsula, eastern Russia and the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The model indicated that air temperature and soil properties are the most critical environmental factors for the occurrence of RTSs on a circumpolar scale. Especially, the climatic conditions of thaw season were highlighted. This study provided new insights into the circumpolar susceptibility of ice‐rich permafrost soils to rapid permafrost‐related hazards like RTSs and the associated impacts on landscape evolution, infrastructure, hydrology and carbon fluxes that contribute to global warming.
Vegan gummy candies with low calorie based on celery (Apium graveolens) puree and boswellia gum (Boswellia thurifera)
Authors: Ghodsi Saba , Nouri Marjan
Published: May 2024

Gummy candy is one of the main snacks for children, and conventional samples with high calorie illustrate no nutritional value; therefore, the aim of present research was to develop functional product on priority. Celery (Apium graveolens) puree (25%–50%), boswellia gum (10%–20%), lemon essential oil (0.25%–0.50%), and sugar (10%–20%) in two levels were considered for vegan gummy candy production. Based on central composite design, the 30 types of gummy candies were prepared; afterward, response surface methodology was applied to optimize results determined by texture (hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity characteristics), physicochemical attributes (pH, sugar content, water activity, antioxidant function, and calorie restriction), and also sensory evaluation. In general, elevated concentration of celery puree and boswellia gum‐enhanced hardness, chewiness, and also gumminess for treated products. On the other hand, higher sugar with lemon essential oil improved adhesion, springiness, and elasticity features. More boswellia gum, celery, lemon essential oil, and reduction in sugar elevated water activity and also declined pH for treated samples. The celery puree, boswellia gum, and lemon essential oil significantly enhanced antioxidant function of treated gummy candies. According to attained results, sugar had a remarkable influence on acceptability and in treated samples calorie decreased. Based on all investigated factors, optimal formulation was achieved including 25% celery puree, 20% boswellia gum, 0.450% lemon essential oil, and 13.55% sugar. Regarding the results, obtained gummy candy with high nutritional value and low calorie demonstrated the potential to produce extensively in food sector.
Leave‐one‐out least squares Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing Bermudan options
Authors: Woo Jeechul , Liu Chenru , Choi Jaehyuk
Published: May 2024

The least squares Monte Carlo (LSM) algorithm proposed by Longstaff and Schwartz (2001) is widely used for pricing Bermudan options. The LSM estimator contains undesirable look‐ahead bias, and the conventional technique of avoiding it requires additional simulation paths. We present the leave‐one‐out LSM (LOOLSM) algorithm to eliminate look‐ahead bias without doubling simulations. We also show that look‐ahead bias is asymptotically proportional to the regressors‐to‐paths ratio. Our findings are demonstrated with several option examples in which the LSM algorithm overvalues the options. The LOOLSM method can be extended to other regression‐based algorithms that improve the LSM method.
Outcomes for potentially Resectable patients undergoing primary chemoradiation treatment for T1–T2 HPV Negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Laxague Francisco , Fnais Naif , Son Hee Young , Alzahrani Faisal , Mymryk Joe S. , Barrett John W. , Tay Keng Yow , Leung Andrew , Theurer Julie , Nichols Anthony C. , Palma David A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Transoral surgical resectability (TOS) is a prognostic factor for patients with HPV+ T1‐2 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) disease undergoing radiotherapy (RT), but it is unclear whether this holds for HPV‐negative (HPV‐) patients. We aimed to compare outcomes of potential TOS‐candidates vs. non‐TOS candidates, among patients who underwent RT/CRT for early T‐stage HPV‐ OPSCC.

Methods

For patients treated with RT/CRT for early T‐stage HPV‐negative OPSCC between 2014 and 2021, pretreatment imaging was reviewed by four head‐and‐neck surgeons, masked to clinical outcomes, to assess primary‐site suitability for TOS. Extracapsular extension (ECE) was assessed by a head‐and‐neck neuroradiologist. We compared outcomes based on surgical resectability relating to: (1) the primary site tumor alone, and (2) the primary site plus the absence/presence of ECE (overall assessment). Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were compared using the log‐rank test.

Results

Seventy patients were included in the analysis. The primary site was TOS‐favorable in 46/70 (66%). Based on the overall assessment, 41/70 (58.6%) were TOS‐favorable. The 3‐year OS, DSS and PFS for primary site TOS‐favorable versus unfavorable were OS: 76.9% versus 37.4%; DSS: 78.1% versus 46.2%, PFS: 69.9% versus 41.3%, (log‐rank test = 0.01, 0.03, 0.04; respectively). Additionally, patients with an overall assessment of TOS favorability demonstrated better survival outcomes compared with TOS‐unfavorable patients (OS: 77.3% vs. 46.2%; DSS: 78.2% vs. 56.5%, PFS: 72.3% vs. 42.1%, log‐rank test = 0.01, 0.04, 0.01; respectively).

Conclusion

Patients with TOS‐favorable HPV‐negative early T‐stage OPSCC have superior survival outcomes than TOS‐unfavorable patients.