bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MfbHLH38, a Myrothamnus flabellifolia bHLH transcription factor, confers tolerance to drought and salinity stresses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Qiu Jia-Rui , Huang Zhuo , Xiang Xiang-Ying , Xu Wen-Xin , Wang Jia-Tong , Chen Jia , Song Li , Xiao Yao , Li Xi , Ma Jun , Cai Shi-Zhen , Sun Ling-Xia , Jiang Cai-Zhong
Published: December 2020

Background

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, a large transcription factors family, are involved in plant growth and development, and defensive response to various environmental stresses. The resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia is known for its extremely strong drought tolerance, but few bHLHs taking part in abiotic stress response have been unveiled in M. flabellifolia.

Results

In the present research, we cloned and characterized a dehydration-inducible gene, MfbHLH38, from M. flabellifolia. The MfbHLH38 protein is localized in the nucleus, where it may act as a transcription factor. Heterologous expression of MfbHLH38 in Arabidopsis improved the tolerance to drought and salinity stresses, as determined by the studies on physiological indexes, such as contents of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), soluble protein, and soluble sugar, water loss rate of detached leaves, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, MfbHLH38 overexpression increased the sensitivity of stomatal closure to mannitol and abscisic acid (ABA), improved ABA level under drought stress, and elevated the expression of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and ABA responding, sucha as NCED3, P5CS, and RD29A.

Conclusions

Our results presented evidence that MfbHLH38 enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity stresses in Arabidopsis through increasing water retention ability, regulating osmotic balance, decreasing stress-induced oxidation damage, and possibly participated in ABA-dependent stress-responding pathway.
Stakeholder perceptions of components of a Parkinson disease care management intervention, care coordination for health promotion and activities in Parkinson’s disease (CHAPS)
Authors: Connor Karen I. , Siebens Hilary C. , Mittman Brian S. , McNeese-Smith Donna K. , Ganz David A. , Barry Frances , Edwards Lisa K. , McGowan Michael G. , Cheng Eric M. , Vickrey Barbara G.
Published: December 2020

Background

A recent nurse-led proactive care management intervention, Care Coordination for Health Promotion and Activities in Parkinson Disease (CHAPS), improved care quality when compared to usual care in a randomized controlled trial. Therefore, stakeholder (patient participants, nurse care managers, and Parkinson disease (PD) specialists) perceptions of key intervention components merit evaluation to inform decisions about dissemination.

Methods

This multi-site study occurred in five southwest United States Veterans Health Administration medical centers. Stakeholders were surveyed on their perceptions of CHAPS including the CHAPS Assessment, CHAPS nurse care managers, the Siebens Domain Management Model™ (a practical clinical model), and the Siebens Health Care Notebook (Notebook) (self-care tool). Participants’ electronic medical records were abstracted for perceptions of the Notebook. Statistical analysis software was used to provide summary statistics; open card sorting methodology was used to identify themes and attributes in qualitative data including usability of some components.

Results

Participants, overall, highly rated their medication self-management, acknowledged some challenges with the CHAPS self-care tools, reported knowledge of PD specialist follow-up and PD red flags, and rated CHAPS nurse care managers as helpful. Nurse care manager responses indicated the CHAPS Assessment and Program highly facilitated care of their patients. Most all PD specialists would refer other patients to CHAPS. Nurse care manager and PD specialist responses indicated improved participant management of their PD. Three themes emerged in participant perceptions of the Notebook: Notebook Assets (e.g., benefits and features-liked); Deferring Notebook Review (e.g., no time to review); and Reasons for Not Using (e.g., participant preference). Shared attributes regarding the Siebens Domain Management Model and Notebook usability, reported by nurse care managers, were user-friendly, person/patient-centered, and organized. Some challenges to their use were also reported.

Conclusions

Overall, stakeholder perceptions of the proactive nurse-led CHAPS intervention indicated its value in the care of individuals with PD. Responses about the CHAPS Assessment, Siebens Domain Management Model, and Notebook self-care tool signified their usefulness. Stakeholders’ constructive suggestions indicated their engagement in CHAPS. These findings support CHAPS dissemination and contribute to research in care management.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01532986, registered on January 13, 2012.
Bladder cancer-derived interleukin-1 converts the vascular endothelium into a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory surface
Authors: John A. , Günes C. , Bolenz C. , Vidal-y-Sy S. , Bauer A. T. , Schneider S. W. , Gorzelanny C.
Published: December 2020

Background

Bladder cancer cells orchestrate tumour progression by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines modulate the local tumour microenvironment and increase the susceptibility of tumour distant tissues for metastasis. Here, we investigated the impact of human bladder cancer cell derived factors on the ability to modulate and activate human vascular endothelial cells.

Methods

The pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory potential of four different bladder cancer cell lines was accessed by qRT-PCR arrays and ELISA. Modulation and activation of endothelial cells was studied in microfluidic devices. Clinical relevance of our findings was confirmed by immune histology in tissue samples of bladder cancer patients and public transcriptome data.

Results

The unbalanced ratio between interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the secretome of bladder cancer cells converted the quiescent vascular endothelium into a pro-adhesive, pro-inflammatory, and pro-coagulatory surface. Microfluidic experiments showed that tumour cell induced endothelial cell activation promoted leukocyte recruitment and platelet adhesion. Human bladder cancer tissue analysis confirmed that loss of IL-1ra and elevated IL-1 expression was associated with enhanced cancer progression.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that IL-1 and IL-1ra were dysregulated in bladder cancer and could facilitate tumour dissemination through endothelial cell activation. Targeting the IL-1/IL-1ra axis might attenuate tumour-mediated inflammation and metastasis formation.
How to optimise public health interventions: a scoping review of guidance from optimisation process frameworks
Authors: McCrabb Sam , Mooney Kaitlin , Elton Benjamin , Grady Alice , Yoong Sze Lin , Wolfenden Luke
Published: December 2020

Background

Optimisation processes have the potential to rapidly improve the impact of health interventions. Optimisation can be defined as a deliberate, iterative and data-driven process to improve a health intervention and/or its implementation to meet stakeholder-defined public health impacts within resource constraints. This study aimed to identify frameworks used to optimise the impact of health interventions and/or their implementation, and characterise the key concepts, steps or processes of identified frameworks.

Methods

A scoping review of MEDLINE, CINAL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source databases was undertaken. Two reviewers independently coded the key concepts, steps or processes involved in each frameworks, and identified if it was a framework aimed to optimise interventions or their implementation. Two review authors then identified the common steps across included frameworks.

Results

Twenty optimisation frameworks were identified. Eight frameworks were for optimising interventions, 11 for optimising implementation and one covered both intervention and implementation optimisation. The mean number of steps within the frameworks was six (range 3–9). Almost half (n = 8) could be classified as both linear and cyclic frameworks, indicating that some steps may occur multiple times in a single framework. Two meta-frameworks are proposed, one for intervention optimisation and one for implementation strategy optimisation. Steps for intervention optimisation are: Problem identification; Preparation; Theoretical/Literature base; Pilot/Feasibility testing; Optimisation; Evaluation; and Long-term implementation. Steps for implementation strategy optimisation are: Problem identification; Collaborate; Plan/design; Pilot; Do/change; Study/evaluate/check; Act; Sustain/endure; and Disseminate/extend.

Conclusions

This review provides a useful summary of the common steps followed to optimise a public health intervention or its implementation according to established frameworks. Further opportunities to study and/or validate such frameworks and their impact on improving outcomes exist.
Serum SP-A and KL-6 levels can predict the improvement and deterioration of patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features
Authors: Wang Jingxian , Zheng Peiyan , Huang Zhifeng , Huang Huimin , Xue Mingshan , Liao Chenxi , Sun Baoqing , Zhong Nanshan
Published: December 2020

Background

Some patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) showed a progressive course despite therapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether serial changes in the serum levels of surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) can predict disease progression.

Methods

Sixty-four patients with IPAF and 41 patients with non-fibrotic lung disease (non-FLD) were examined. Based on long-term changes in lung function, 36 IPAF patients who were followed up for more than 3 months were divided into a progressive group (n = 9), an improvement group (n = 13), and a stable group (n = 14). Serum KL-6 and SP-A levels were measured. The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and area under the curve (AUC) value for each of the indices were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The expression differences in these biomarkers and their correlation with disease severity were analyzed.

Results

Compared with non-FLD patients, serum SP-A and KL-6 levels in IPAF patients were increased significantly [SP-A: (p < 0.001); KL-6: (p < 0.001)] and negatively correlated with DLCO (SP-A: rS = − 0.323, p = 0.018; KL-6: rS = − 0.348, p = 0.0011). In patients with progressive disease, the posttreatment serum SP-A and KL-6 levels were increased significantly compared with pretreatment levels [SP-A: (p = 0.021); KL-6: (p = 0.008)]. In patients showing improvement, the levels were decreased significantly [SP-A (p = 0.007) and KL-6 (p = 0.002)]. Changes in serum biomarkers (Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6) were significantly negatively correlated with changes in lung function (Delta FVC, Delta DLCO and Delta FEV1) (rS = 0.482, p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6 (rS = 0.482, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Serum SP-A and KL-6 offer high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of IPAF. The decrease in serum SP-A and/or KL-6 levels in patients with IPAF is related to the improvement in pulmonary function. SP-A and KL-6 may be important biomarkers for predicting disease progression in patients with IPAF.
Amyand’s hernia associated with mesenteric chylous cyst in infant: a rare case report
Authors: Supangat  , Nugraha Muhammad Yuda , Margaretha Meiske
Published: December 2020

Background

Amyand’s hernia is a rare condition approximately 0.4–0.6% of all inguinal hernias. Although rare, the Amyand’s hernia is worthy of discussion since the variable presentation that make clinical challenge to diagnose especially in infant. A mesenteric chylous cyst is rare disease and has not been reported in Amyand’s hernia.

Case presentation

We report an unusual case of Type II Amyand’s hernia with an enlarging chylous mesenteric cyst on the retrocaecal in the anulus into canalis inguinalis. A-2-months old infant presented with enlarging mass in the right scrotal. During laparotomy exploration, we found inguinal sac with intestinal and appendix content in the sac. In the edge site of the sac we found enlarging of mesenteric cyst on the retrocaecal in the anulus into canalis inguinalis. Based on the histopathology examination, the morphological feature is suitable for mesenteric chylous cyst appearance.

Conclusion

Presentation of mesenteric chylous cyst is rare, and there was no report about it in Amyand’s hernia. This unusual presentation should be considered by the surgeon, especially pediatric surgeon, in Amyand’s hernia cases.
Internal hernia beneath superior vesical artery after pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ai Wen , Liang Zhihua , Li Feng , Yu Haihua
Published: December 2020

Background

The common complications of radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy usually include wound infection, hemorrhage or hematomas, lymphocele, uretheral injury, ileus and incisional hernias. However, internal hernia secondary to the orifice associated with the uncovered vessels after pelvic lymphadenectomy is very rare.

Case presentation

We report a case of internal hernia with intestinal perforation beneath the superior vesical artery that occurred one month after laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer. A partial ileum resection was performed and the right superior vesical artery was transected to prevent recurrence of the internal hernia.

Conclusions

Retroperitonealization after the pelvic lymphadenectomy should be considered in patients with tortuous, elongated arteries which could be causal lesions of an internal hernia.
Assessment and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: development of a questionnaire based on a qualitative study of patient expectations in secondary care
Authors: Pat J. J. , Aart T. v. d. , Steffens M. G. , Witte L. P. W. , Blanker M. H.
Published: December 2020

Background

To develop a questionnaire to facilitate the inventorying of women’s expectations for the assessment and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in secondary care.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted among women with recurrent UTI referred to our urology department. The interviews were conducted by one interviewer, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically by two researchers. We first developed 35 questions to identify potential themes, and we then tested them among women with and without recurrent UTI. Changes were made according to the feedback received.

Results

Six interviews were conducted before saturation was reached. Thematic analysis identified three themes: patient pathway, personal knowledge, and social implications. All respondents had received multiple antibiotic courses but no prophylactic antibiotic therapy, and although all were aware of some preventive measures, they wanted more information about their disease. However, some women were afraid to access information for fear of what they might learn. Recurrent UTI also significantly affected the daily lives all respondents. Some women expressed fears over frequent antibiotic use, and others felt that there must be something wrong with their body to have so many UTIs. Women expected the urologist to provide an explanation and to start adequate therapy for their recurrent UTI. We created a 32-item questionnaire based on these themes

Conclusion

This study not only developed a questionnaire for use when assessing patient expectations of recurrent UTI management in secondary care but also provided novel insights into the thoughts, opinions, and expectations of women who are referred.
A Pan-Canadian narrative review on the protocols for reopening dental services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brondani Mario , Cua Denise , Maragha Tala , Shayanfar Melody , Mathu-Muju Kavita , von Bergmann HsingChi , Almeida Fernanda , Villanueva Jeannie , Alvarado Alexis Armando Vides , Learey Stephen , Donnelly Leeann
Published: December 2020

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is impacting the way in which dental services are provided. The aim of this narrative review was twofold: to summarize key areas from the Canadian protocols available for the reopening and restructuring of dental services across the country and to critically review these protocols based on existing evidence. A narrative review of the existing Canadian protocols, written in English and French, was undertaken between April 15 and July 13, 2020. The protocols were obtained by searching through regulatory bodies and websites from professional organizations, and from personal contacts through academic institutions and policy leaders. The data extraction form focused only on protocols related to dentistry, and the information was compiled by a hired assistant. Content was categorized via group discussions with the research team on eight areas: office management and procedures, patient and staff screening, treatment procedures, office layout, risk reduction, personal protective equipment, supporting information, and length and readability. Thirteen protocols were identified and offered substantial variation in the level of details provided. All but two protocols specified proper donning/doffing of personal protective equipment, while all protocols recommended daily monitoring of COVID-19 related signs and symptoms in staff and patients. They varied in terms of recommended mask types, eye and face shield protection, and head coverings. While all protocols aimed at restructuring emergency dental services, their recommendations were often not based on the published evidence. This narrative review summarized key areas from 13 provincial and territorial protocols in Canada to help oral health care providers plan the reopening of their services. The information conveyed across all documents was clear, but variance highlights the need for a coordinated effort to develop an evidence-based document for dental practitioners.
Estimating malaria incidence from routine health facility-based surveillance data in Uganda
Authors: Epstein Adrienne , Namuganga Jane Frances , Kamya Emmanuel Victor , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Bhatt Samir , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Staedke Sarah G. , Kamya Moses R. , Dorsey Grant , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: December 2020

Background

Accurate measures of malaria incidence are essential to track progress and target high-risk populations. While health management information system (HMIS) data provide counts of malaria cases, quantifying the denominator for incidence using these data is challenging because catchment areas and care-seeking behaviours are not well defined. This study’s aim was to estimate malaria incidence using HMIS data by adjusting the population denominator accounting for travel time to the health facility.

Methods

Outpatient data from two public health facilities in Uganda (Kihihi and Nagongera) over a 3-year period (2011–2014) were used to model the relationship between travel time from patient village of residence (available for each individual) to the facility and the relative probability of attendance using Poisson generalized additive models. Outputs from the model were used to generate a weighted population denominator for each health facility and estimate malaria incidence. Among children aged 6 months to 11 years, monthly HMIS-derived incidence estimates, with and without population denominators weighted by probability of attendance, were compared with gold standard measures of malaria incidence measured in prospective cohorts.

Results

A total of 48,898 outpatient visits were recorded across the two sites over the study period. HMIS incidence correlated with cohort incidence over time at both study sites (correlation in Kihihi = 0.64, p < 0.001; correlation in Nagongera = 0.34, p = 0.045). HMIS incidence measures with denominators unweighted by probability of attendance underestimated cohort incidence aggregated over the 3 years in Kihihi (0.5 cases per person-year (PPY) vs 1.7 cases PPY) and Nagongera (0.3 cases PPY vs 3.0 cases PPY). HMIS incidence measures with denominators weighted by probability of attendance were closer to cohort incidence, but remained underestimates (1.1 cases PPY in Kihihi and 1.4 cases PPY in Nagongera).

Conclusions

Although malaria incidence measured using HMIS underestimated incidence measured in cohorts, even when adjusting for probability of attendance, HMIS surveillance data are a promising and scalable source for tracking relative changes in malaria incidence over time, particularly when the population denominator can be estimated by incorporating information on village of residence.
What is the minimum response rate on patient-reported outcome measures needed to adequately evaluate total hip arthroplasties?
Authors: Pronk Yvette , van der Weegen Walter , Vos Rein , Brinkman Justus-Martijn , van Heerwaarden Ronald Johannes , Pilot Peter
Published: December 2020

Background

Unknown is which response rate on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is needed to both obtain an accurate outcome and ensure generalizability in evaluating total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures. Without an evidence based minimum response rate (MRR) on THA PROMs, it is possible that hospitals report invalid patient-reported outcomes (PROs) due to a too low response rate. Alternatively, hospitals may invest too much in achieving an unnecessary high response rate. The aim of this study is to gain an insight into the MRR on PROMs needed to adequately evaluate THA procedures from a clinical perspective.

Methods

Retrospective study on prospective collected data of primary, elective THA procedures was performed. MRR was investigated for each PROM (NRS pain at rest, NRS pain during activity, EQ-5D-3L, HOOS-PS, anchor function, OHS, anchor pain and NRS satisfaction) separately to calculate the primary outcome: MRR for the THA PROMs set. MRR on a PROM needed to have (condition 1.) similar PRO change score (3 month score minus preoperative score) including confidence interval, (condition 2.) maintaining the influence of each change score predictor and (condition 3.) equal distribution of each predictor, as those of a 100% PROM response rate group. Per PROM, a 100%-group was identified with all patients having the PRO change score. Randomly assessed groups of 90% till 10% response rate (in total 90 groups) were compared with the 100%-group. Linear mixed model analyses and linear regressions were executed.

Results

The MRR for the THA PROMs set was 100% (range: 70–100% per PROM). The first condition resulted in a MRR of 60%, the second condition in a MRR of 100% and the third condition in a MRR of 10%.

Conclusions

A 100% response rate on PROMs is needed in order to adequately evaluate THA procedures from a clinical perspective. All stakeholders using THA PROs should be aware that 100% of the THA patients should respond on both preoperative and 3 month postoperative PROMs. For now, taking the first step in improving evaluation of THA for quality control by achieving at least two of the three conditions of MRR, advised is to require a response rate on PROMs of 60% as the lower limit.
The Tetracentron genome provides insight into the early evolution of eudicots and the formation of vessel elements
Authors: Liu Ping-Li , Zhang Xi , Mao Jian-Feng , Hong Yan-Ming , Zhang Ren-Gang , E Yilan , Nie Shuai , Jia Kaihua , Jiang Chen-Kun , He Jian , Shen Weiwei , He Qizouhong , Zheng Wenqing , Abbas Samar , Jewaria Pawan Kumar , Tian Xuechan , Liu Chang-jun , Jiang Xiaomei , Yin Yafang , Liu Bo , Wang Li , Jin Biao , Ma Yongpeng , Qiu Zongbo , Baluška František , Šamaj Jozef , He Xinqiang , Niu Shihui , Xie Jianbo , Xie Lei , Xu Huimin , Kong Hongzhi , Ge Song , Dixon Richard A. , Jiao Yuannian , Lin Jinxing
Published: December 2020

Background

Tetracentron sinense is an endemic and endangered deciduous tree. It belongs to the Trochodendrales, one of four early diverging lineages of eudicots known for having vesselless secondary wood. Sequencing and resequencing of the T. sinense genome will help us understand eudicot evolution, the genetic basis of tracheary element development, and the genetic diversity of this relict species.

Results

Here, we report a chromosome-scale assembly of the T. sinense genome. We assemble the 1.07 Gb genome sequence into 24 chromosomes and annotate 32,690 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses verify that the Trochodendrales and core eudicots are sister lineages and showed that two whole-genome duplications occurred in the Trochodendrales approximately 82 and 59 million years ago. Synteny analyses suggest that the γ event, resulting in paleohexaploidy, may have only happened in core eudicots. Interestingly, we find that vessel elements are present in T. sinense, which has two orthologs of AtVND7, the master regulator of vessel formation. T. sinense also has several key genes regulated by or regulating TsVND7.2 and their regulatory relationship resembles that in Arabidopsis thaliana. Resequencing and population genomics reveals high levels of genetic diversity of T. sinense and identifies four refugia in China.

Conclusions

The T. sinense genome provides a unique reference for inferring the early evolution of eudicots and the mechanisms underlying vessel element formation. Population genomics analysis of T. sinense reveals its genetic diversity and geographic structure with implications for conservation.
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) fiber-based vaccine against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) provides type-specific protection guided by humoral immunity and regulation of B and T cell response
Authors: De Luca Carlotta , Schachner Anna , Mitra Taniya , Heidl Sarah , Liebhart Dieter , Hess Michael
Published: December 2020

A recombinant fowl adenovirus (FAdV) fiber protein, derived from a FAdV-8a strain, was tested for its efficacy to protect chickens against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). FAdV-E field isolates belonging to both a homotypic (FAdV-8a) and heterotypic (-8b) serotype were used as challenge. Mechanisms underlying fiber-induced protective immunity were investigated by fiber-based ELISA, virus neutralization assays and flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monitoring the temporal developments of humoral and cellular responses after vaccination and challenge exposure. Birds were clinically protected from the homologous challenge and showed a significant reduction of viral load in investigated target organs, whereas fiber-based immunity failed to counteract the heterologous serotype infection. These findings were supported in vitro by the strictly type-specific neutralizing activity of fiber immune sera. In protected birds, fiber vaccination prevented a post-challenge drop of peripheral B cells in blood. Furthermore, fiber immunization stimulated CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation while moderating the CD8α+ T cell response and prevented challenge-induced changes in systemic monocytes/macrophages and γδ+ T cell subpopulations. Both vaccinated and adjuvant-only injected birds experienced a priming of systemic B cells and TCRγδ+ T lymphocytes, which masked possible pre-challenge effects due to the antigen. In conclusion, within FAdV-E, recombinant fiber represents a vaccine candidate to control the adverse effects of homotypic infection by eliciting an effective humoral immunity and regulating B and T cell response, whereas the failure of heterotypic protection suggests a primordial role of humoral immunity for this vaccine.
Thyroid Hormone and Deiodination in Innate Immune Cells
Authors: van der Spek Anne H , Fliers Eric , Boelen Anita
Published: December 2020

Thyroid hormone has recently been recognized as an important determinant of innate immune cell function. Highly specialized cells of the innate immune system, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells, are capable of identifying pathogens and initiating an inflammatory response. They can either phagocytose and kill microbes, or recruit other innate or adaptive immune cells to the site of inflammation. Innate immune cells derive from the hematopoietic lineage and are generated in the bone marrow, from where they can be recruited into the blood and tissues in the case of infection. The link between the immune and endocrine systems is increasingly well established, and recent studies have shown that innate immune cells can be seen as important thyroid hormone target cells. Tight regulation of cellular thyroid hormone availability and action is performed by thyroid hormone transporters, receptors, and the deiodinase enzymes. Innate immune cells express all these molecular elements of intracellular thyroid hormone metabolism. Interestingly, there is recent evidence for a causal relationship between cellular thyroid hormone status and innate immune cell function. This review describes the effects of modulation of intracellular thyroid hormone metabolism on innate immune cell function, specifically neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, with a special focus on the deiodinase enzymes. Although there are insufficient data at this stage for conclusions on the clinical relevance of these findings, thyroid hormone metabolism may partially determine the innate immune response and, by inference, the clinical susceptibility to infections.
Social hierarchy is established and maintained with distinct acts of aggression in male Drosophila
Authors: Simon Jasper C. , Heberlein Ulrike
Published: December 2020

Social interactions pivot on an animal's experiences, internal states, and feedback from others. This complexity drives the need for precise descriptions of behavior to dissect the fine detail of its genetic and neural circuit bases. In laboratory assays, male Drosophila melanogaster reliably exhibit aggression, and its extent is generally measured by scoring lunges, a feature of aggression in which one male quickly thrusts onto his opponent. Here, we introduce an explicit approach to identify both the onset and reversals in hierarchical status between opponents and observe that distinct aggressive acts reproducibly precede, concur, or follow the establishment of dominance. We find that lunges are insufficient for establishing dominance. Rather, lunges appear to reflect the dominant state of a male and help in maintaining his social status. Lastly, we characterize the recurring and escalating structure of aggression that emerges through subsequent reversals in dominance. Collectively, this work provides a framework for studying the complexity of agonistic interactions in male flies enabling its neurogenetic basis to be understood with precision.
The challenges of radioiodine treatment for incontinent paediatric patients with complex care needs
Authors: Dickinson Nathan , Poveda Jennifer , Greaves Claire , Kalirai Charnie , Smith Rachel
Published: December 2020

Objective:

A thyrotoxic paediatric patient with incontinence, autism and Down’s syndrome was referred for radioiodine therapy. Here, the risk assessment methodology and measures taken to deliver a legally compliant treatment that was acceptable to the family are described.

Methods:

Prior risk assessment indicated that the most active incontinence waste would require decay storage until it could be transported for disposal. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicated that school staff would be occupationally exposed under the Ionising Radiations Regulations (2017) based on the patient’s retained activity. To avoid the need for HSE registration, it was advised that the patient’s return to school may need to be delayed slightly. Post-treatment, confirmatory waste and patient dose rate measurements were made to refine the advised time scales.

Results:

Domestic waste disposal resumed at 28 days. The patient recommenced schooling a few days after their school reopened after the summer break. The school underwent HSE notification.

Conclusion:

Careful planning allowed us to provide a safe, compliant treatment regarding waste management and occupational exposure.

Advances in knowledge:

Incontinent 131I outpatient treatments require detailed, patient specific waste management. The HSE considered school staff as occupationally exposed by the patient well after normal social restrictions had ended.
Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση "Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση: Περιβάλλον, Αειφορία. Θεωρητικές και Παιδαγωγικές Προσεγγίσεις."
Authors: Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση για την Αειφορία ΕΛ.Ε.ΕΤ.Π.Ε.Α.
Published: December 2020

Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση
Socioeconomic changes, digital technologies and neuroeducation during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Lampou Rania
Published: December 2020

This paper maintains that the management of the pandemic, which relied mainly on digital tools, can become effective when it covers many sectors. Digital technologies enabled us to contain the epidemic on an administrative level and a health care level. Homeschooling is also possible with the help of digital tools and it contributed significantly to the control of COVID-19 spread. Digital technologies can also relieve the mental health problems that are caused or that are aggravated by the lockdown. Psychological support can be provided online even through social media. Neuroeducation had always been an effective approach to teaching. Nowadays, neuropedagogy is even more necessary in order to address the problems that arise because of the excessive use of digital tools in the learning process.
“La patria somos todos”: trayectorias y disputas narrativas sobre ser emigrante en Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Santos Deborah , Cogo Denise
Published: December 2020

El artículo estudia la construcción de la figura del emigrante cubano a través de las narrativas producidas por el Estado y el gobierno de Cuba desde 1959 hasta la actualidad. Por medio del análisis de documentos oficiales y manifestaciones recientes del gobierno cubano en las plataformas digitales Twitter y Facebook, reflexionamos sobre cómo esos discursos experimentaron un desplazamiento que fue de la consolidación del emigrante como opositor en el imaginario colectivo cubano a la adopción, más recientemente, de una política de integración de la diáspora a la nación por parte del gobierno de la isla. Argumentamos que de los años noventa en adelante la propia retórica oficial que extrajo simbólicamente a la diáspora de la unidad nacional pasó a adoptar estrategias de reconciliación con sus emigrados, en especial, por medio de una reconfiguración discursiva que se hace perceptible recientemente en canales oficiales del Estado cubano en las redes sociales, como Twitter y Facebook. Ocurre entonces una resignificación de la figura del emigrado cubano que va de la diferenciación hacia la integración con la nación, aunque todavía marcada por límites ideológicos claros que definen el perfil de emigrante con el cual el país se propone la reconciliación.
Monitoring cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with severe mental illness in an inpatient mental health setting: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Mwebe Herbert P , Volante Margaret , Weaver Tim
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims

Life expectancy in people with lived experience of mental health conditions is reduced by up to 25 years; this is from preventable physical medical comorbidities and multi-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers and smoking-related lung disease. Two-thirds of these deaths are avoidable if people with severe mental illness are offered prompt physical screening checks and monitoring. The aim of this article was to explore barriers to the management of cardiovascular disease risk on inpatient wards and make recommendations in relation to cardiovascular disease risk management in people with severe mental illness.

Methods

A structured MS Excel extraction data tool informed by best practice guidance was developed and used to extract electronic patient data on screening and monitoring of cardiovascular disease risk factors (blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, lipids, body mass index/weight, blood glucose level) across 10 inpatient psychiatric wards within one London mental health trust. A target sample of 245 electronic records of patients with severe mental illness discharged between 25 August 2018 and 13 February 2019 with length of inpatient stay >40 days was examined. Simple random sampling (MS Excel random number generator) was used to select a final sample of 120 electronic records. All the included samples had been prescribed psychotropic medication.

Results

Regarding patient demographics, there was an inverse correlation with age, with a greater proportion of inpatients being of a younger age: 51% aged 18–39 years compared with 14% aged 60–79 years. The study found an average of 71% compliance of the documentation of data on all individual parameters (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, blood pressure, serum glucose, serum lipids, electrocardiogram) at baseline. Results showed an average of 79% compliance for monitoring review at least once across the parameters within 3 months of admission.

Conclusions

It is recommended as a minimum for individuals with severe mental illness under the care of mental health services and/or taking psychotropic medication to have regular cardiometabolic risk assessment and management of risk at the point of entry into services and a review for weight, waist circumference, blood glucose checks, lipid profile, blood pressure, lifestyle choice behaviours and personal assessment of cardiovascular disease. Although progress is being made across provider services to implement the above, gaps in practice are still evident, as demonstrated in these findings.
COVID-19 and its effect on the nursing team in primary care
Authors: Brennan Anne-Marie , Willcox Rebecca
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic changed how care was organised in general practice. Anne-Marie Brennan and Rebecca Willcox explain how a ‘cold hub' was set up in their primary care network and the challenges the nursing team faced

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way general practice is organised. A significant proportion of care is now managed over the telephone or via video consultation. However, some patients need to be seen face-to-face and many nursing tasks need to be completed in person. In our local area, hot and cold hubs were set up for face-to-face contact with patients. This article describes how Lewisham and our primary care network (PCN) activated the local COVID-19 plan, the challenges the nursing team faced, and how many of these were overcome.
Understanding influenza and the complications it causes
Authors: Perry Margaret Ann
Published: December 2020

In the majority of cases, influenza causes a mild illness that is typically self-limiting. For some groups, infection can cause more severe symptoms and complications. People who are in at-risk groups, as well as children who are likely to spread the virus, are eligible for free NHS vaccination. Practice nurses are actively involved in delivering the vaccination programme each year, and it can be very difficult to persuade reluctant patients. A better understanding of the complications of influenza will help nurses to educate their at-risk patients.
The effect of respiratory gases and incubation temperature on early stage embryonic development in sea turtles
Authors: Booth David Terrington , Archibald-Binge Alexander , Limpus Colin James
Published: December 2020

Sea turtle embryos at high-density nesting beaches experience relative high rates of early stage embryo death. One hypothesis to explain this high mortality rate is that there is an increased probability that newly constructed nests are located close to maturing clutches whose metabolising embryos cause low oxygen levels, high carbon dioxide levels, and high temperatures. Although these altered environmental conditions are well tolerated by mature embryos, early stage embryos, i.e. embryos in eggs that have only been incubating for less than a week, may not be as tolerant leading to an increase in their mortality. To test this hypothesis, we incubated newly laid sea turtle eggs over a range of temperatures in different combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations and assessed embryo development and death rates. We found that gas mixtures of decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide, similar to those found in natural sea turtle nests containing mature embryos, slowed embryonic development but did not influence the mortality rate of early stage embryos. We found incubation temperature had no effect on early embryo mortality but growth rate at 27°C and 34°C was slower than at 30°C and 33°C. Our findings indicate that low oxygen and high carbon dioxide partial pressures are not the cause of the high early stage embryo mortality observed at high-density sea turtle nesting beaches, but there is evidence suggesting high incubation temperatures, particularly above 34°C are harmful. Any management strategies that can increase the spacing between nests or other strategies such as shading or irrigation that reduce sand temperature are likely to increase hatching success at high-density nesting beaches.
Pathology findings and correlation with body condition index in stranded killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northeastern Pacific and Hawaii from 2004 to 2013
Authors: Raverty Stephen , St. Leger Judy , Noren Dawn P. , Burek Huntington Kathy , Rotstein David S. , Gulland Frances M. D. , Ford John K. B. , Hanson M. Bradley , Lambourn Dyanna M. , Huggins Jessie , Delaney Martha A. , Spaven Lisa , Rowles Teri , Barre Lynne , Cottrell Paul , Ellis Graeme , Goldstein Tracey , Terio Karen , Duffield Debbie , Rice Jim , Gaydos Joseph K.
Published: December 2020

Understanding health and mortality in killer whales (Orcinus orca) is crucial for management and conservation actions. We reviewed pathology reports from 53 animals that stranded in the eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii between 2004 and 2013 and used data from 35 animals that stranded from 2001 to 2017 to assess association with morphometrics, blubber thickness, body condition and cause of death. Of the 53 cases, cause of death was determined for 22 (42%) and nine additional animals demonstrated findings of significant importance for population health. Causes of calf mortalities included infectious disease, nutritional, and congenital malformations. Mortalities in sub-adults were due to trauma, malnutrition, and infectious disease and in adults due to bacterial infections, emaciation and blunt force trauma. Death related to human interaction was found in every age class. Important incidental findings included concurrent sarcocystosis and toxoplasmosis, uterine leiomyoma, vertebral periosteal proliferations, cookiecutter shark (Isistiussp.) bite wounds, excessive tooth wear and an ingested fish hook. Blubber thickness increased significantly with body length (all p < 0.001). In contrast, there was no relationship between body length and an index of body condition (BCI). BCI was higher in animals that died from trauma. This study establishes a baseline for understanding health, nutritional status and causes of mortality in stranded killer whales. Given the evidence of direct human interactions on all age classes, in order to be most successful recovery efforts should address the threat of human interactions, especially for small endangered groups of killer whales that occur in close proximity to large human populations, interact with recreational and commercial fishers and transit established shipping lanes.
The Rhythm Detox: A shaking body reset and fascinating rhythm infusion
Authors: Keeney Hillary , Keeney Bradford
Published: December 2020

Rhythm not only connects the notes of a song into pleasing melody, it also organizes much of our everyday experience. Everything has an underlying rhythm including speech, thoughts and how bodies move through space. When people feel stuck, lifeless or in need of a creative inspirational reset, we propose paying more attention to the rhythms organizing their somatic expression rather than only attending to inner psychological states. This can be done through what we call a ‘Rhythm Detox’, a brief two-step movement practice. Step one begins with a simple body shake performed without listening to any percussion. Step two involves playing a recording of any lively, syncopated rhythms and enacting a unique means of catching the surprising changes and off beats. This experimental means of resourcefully interrupting, shaking up and reinvigorating the rhythms organizing your daily movement habits can be done alone or with others and as often as needed throughout the day.
Four body- and nature-based practices to move your life force
Authors: Kieft Eline
Published: December 2020

This piece shares four invitations to reconnect with your energy, vitality, and wholeness. Shape-shifting into an animal gives you access to a sense of life force that is unmediated by demands and expectations of the human world. With pairs or opposites, you can explore two qualities that exist simultaneously, including emotions, situations or choices. These might be in harmony or tension with each other or within you, and you can explore and learn from both without judgement or bias. Nature as a teacher provides an opportunity to walk with a specific question in mind. Through close observation, you will find guidance or answers to your question. Finally, dancing your soul back offers a danced version of soul retrieval, if you feel disconnected from yourself or from an essential quality in your life. Although they are inspired by shamanic dance practices, you need no previous experience with either dance or shamanism to try them out. You can practise them at home or in a place in nature where you feel safe and connected.
Fascia and biotensegrity: Bio-somatic dance movement naturotherapy
Authors: Williamson Amanda , James Maisie Beth , Rugman Karin
Published: December 2020

This article is offered in the spirit of supporting students studying at home during the COVID-19 lockdown. It is offered as a study aid for those who may not be able to return to the studio for months but want to continue with their life-giving somatic studies at home. The article shares the properties of fascia and biotensegrity. I reflect on why somatic movement dance education and therapy is an effective approach in the world of fascial therapies. The first areas covered are sensory nerve endings found in fascia that respond to different types of movement and pressure, such as Golgi organs, Ruffini receptors, Pacini corpuscles and interstitial receptors. Other movement concepts covered are omnidirectional volume, pressure, time, stretch, gravity, ground reaction, floating bones, and chirality and counter-chirality. The article serves as an introduction to biotensegrity and why fascia innervates the parsympathetics. Of note, the article is pedagogical, primarily aimed at supporting students who are training in somatic movement dance education and therapy. Throughout the article Karin Rugman and Maisie Beth James offer experiential sensory images applying key ideas about fascia in the studio.
Finding heart in the well of being
Authors: Abrams Mary
Published: December 2020

‘Finding Heart in the Well of Being’ is written from the author’s daily experiences, thoughts and memories while living in New York City, the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic during Spring 2020. Recognizing her body, and our bodies, as both the epicentre and well of resource of experience, she highlights the importance of affect-feeling-emotion moving through the body-minding processes. She reflects upon themes and metaphors of stop signs, sinking ships, everlasting love, dancing in the dark, life, death and unseeable paths ahead as expressions of what became meaningful in her consciousness. With these themes, she offers guidance for somatic movement explorations for readers to inquire into bodily awakening and to reflect upon and rearrange the themes and narratives in their own ways. This autoethnographic narrative includes artwork and photographs and invites readers to join the author from the epicentres and wells of their bodily beings, to dance with her in the epicentre and well of her bodily being, as we all live with and the beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.