bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 DÖNEMİNDE İLAÇ DEPOSU YERİ SEÇİMİ: MERSİN ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DEMİRCİ Ayhan , ARIKAN Özgür Uğur
Published: June 2021

Depo yönetimi, tedarik zinciri yönetiminin en kritik konularından biridir. Geleceğin doğru öngörülmesi ve deponun yerinin ve teknolojisinin doğru seçimi, firmanın rakiplerine göre rekabetçi bir pozisyon elde etmesini sağlayabilecektir. COVID 19 pandemisi neticesinde artan ilaç talebi, ilaç depolarının önemini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, ihtiyaç olarak öne çıkan ilaç depolarının yer seçimine ilişkin Mersin ili özelinde önerilerde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede literatür araştırması sonucunda belirlenen on kriter, üç uzman görüşü ile değerlendirilmiş ve SWARA yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Daha sonra 10 farklı alternatif yerleşke yeri, belirlenen kriter ve kriter ağırlıkları dikkate alınarak, çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden MOORA ve OCRA ile analiz edilmiştir. En uygun ilaç deposu yerleşke yeri probleminin çözümlendiği çalışma sonucunda her iki yöntemin de benzer sonuçlar ürettiği gözlenmiştir.
Predation of leaf-cutter ants Atta opaciceps Borgmeier, 1939 by the white-tufted marmoset Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758): study case and review
Authors: Rocha Patrício Adriano da , Ferrari Stephen Francis , Beltrão-Mendes Raone
Published: June 2021

Embora conspícuos, alguns eventos de alimentação de pequenos primatas podem ser raros e sazonais. Neste breve relato, descrevemos um grupo de saguis de tufos brancos (Callithrix jacchus) predando formigas cortadeiras. O evento ocorreu em uma área peri-urbana na Mata Atlântica no Nordeste do Brasil. O grupo (um par adulto e dois juvenis) foi observado predando formigas aladas (Atta opaciceps) à medida em que emergiam do formigueiro para seus voos nupciais. Os saguis desciam ao chão para capturar as formigas, retornando aos seus poleiros em uma árvore próxima (a uma altura aproximadamente de 2 metros) para se alimentarem de suas presas. Todo o evento durou aproximadamente 80 minutos. Enquanto altamente oportunista e presumivelmente limitado a períodos específicos do ano, esse tipo de comportamento pode ser tão frequente quanto os voos nupciais realizados pelas formigas, eventualmente fornecendo uma fonte adicional de alimento, destacando a plasticidade da ecologia alimentar dos saguis. Além disso, de acordo com os dados disponíveis, as interações ecológicas (predação, e associação de forrageamento) entre calitriquídeos e formigas parecem desempenhar um papel importante, principalmente em ambientes degradados, enfatizando a habilidade dos calitriquídeos de explorar uma ampla gama de recursos. Adicionalmente, o presente relato também evidencia a raridade desses eventos, necessariamente associados ao voo nupcial das formigas, assim como a importância de registrar esses comportamentos oportunistas para que haja uma compreensão mais completa das adaptações ecológicas de C. jacchus e dos demais calitriquídeos às mudanças de habitat.

Palavras chave: Callitrichidae, sagui comum, ecologia alimentar, Hymenoptera.
Proposing Additional Indicators for Indonesia Youth Development Index with Smaller Level Analysis
Authors: Rakhmawan Suryo Adhi
Published: June 2021

South Kalimantan is a province in Indonesia with many youths and has the lowest score in Indonesia Youth Development Index (YDI) 2017. However, the lowest score is the gender and discrimination dimension which incomplete to be analyzed because there are some indicators that are not included in the dimension. To solve the problems, it is necessary to build a measurement that can monitor a smaller level. Through this research, the author provides a measurement for describing the level of youth development in classifications for South Kalimantan in 2018. This index is built with the analysis factor method. It consists of five dimensions used in Indonesian YDI 2017 with some additional indicators. The result of this research shows that the index is a valid measure due to its significant correlation with Indonesia YDI 2017. The other result is the youth living in urban areas tend to have a higher index than youth who live in rural areas. While the youth who are male, also tend to have a higher development index than the female population. The suggestion for the South Kalimantan government is to improve the youth, the development priority for every classification can be started from the classification and dimension of youth index with the lowest achievement.
Global Middle Ages: Eastern Wisdom (Buddhistic) Teachings in Medieval European Literature. With a Focus on Barlaam and Josaphat
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: June 2021

In contrast to many recent attempts to establish concepts and platforms to study global literature, and this also in the pre-modern world, this article claims to present much more concrete examples to confirm that a certain degree of globalism existed already in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. While numerous scholars/editors have simply invited many more voices from all over the world to the same ‘table,’ i.e., literary histories, which has not really provided more substance to the notion of ‘global,’ the study of translated texts, such as those dealing with Barlaam and Josaphat, clearly confirms that some core Indian ideas and values, as originally developed by Buddha, had migrated through many stages of translations, to high medieval literature in Europe.
Fotoğraf Eserinin Temsili Sanat Olarak Tanınma Olanağı
Authors: İSMET Burçak
Published: June 2021

Bu makalede fotoğraf faaliyetinin sanat olarak kabul görme talebinin yaklaşık iki yüz yıldır ne şekilde itirazlara uğradığı incelenmiştir. Fotoğraf ilk ortaya çıktığı dönemden itibaren mekanik bir yapım olarak nitelenmiş ve bu yüzden yaratıcı ve özgün bir sanat faaliyeti olarak kabul edilmemiştir. Bu incelemenin temelinde Roger Scruton’ın “Photography and Representation” makalesine yöneltilen eleştirel okuma yer alır. Scruton, fotoğraf eserine karşı sergilediği olumsuz yaklaşım neticesinde fotoğrafın temsiliyet özelliğinden mahrum olduğunu ve buna mukabil onun temsili sanat olarak kabul edilemeyeceğini iddia eder. Scruton’a karşıt görüş sunmak adına Richard Wollheim’in en özgün kavramlarından biri olan seeing-in kavramı aracılığıyla fotoğrafın değersiz bir imitasyon olarak değerlendirilmesi yerine neden ve nasıl gerçek bir sanat eseri olarak ele alınması gerektiği tartışılmıştır.
Avrupa Birliği’nde Vergi Kaçakçılığı Suçu ile Mücadelede İspanya Örneği
Authors: EKE Erdem Utku , DEMİRDAL M.balkan
Published: June 2021

Avrupa Birliği (AB), Avrupa Topluluğu (AT) zamanından beri, birliğin mali menfaatlerinin korunması ve bütçesine zarar gelmemesi adına, mali suçlara karşı korunmak için birçok çalışmada bulunmuştur. Söz konusu çalışmalar ile başta vergi kaçakçılığı suçu olmak üzere, mali suçlara ilişkin suçların tanımlarına ve unsurlarına sözleşmelerde, hazırlanan tasarılarda veya yönergelerde yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca vergi kaçakçılığı gibi suçlarda, bahsi geçen düzenlemelerde yer alan ve mali suçlara ilişkin AB kriterlerine, üye devletlerin ulusal mevzuatlarında yer verilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. İspanya da bu bağlamda son 20 yıl içerisinde ve özellikle son yıllarda vergi kaçakçılığı ile ilgili olarak AB kriterleri doğrultusunda değişikliklere gitmiş ve İspanyol Ceza Kanunu’na bu paralellikte düzenlemeler getirmiştir. Bu düzenlemelerin neleri içerdiği ve vergi kaçakçılığını önlemede ne kadar başarılı olduğu bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır.
Covid 19 Küresel Salgınının BIST 100 Endeksi Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: İŞLER İlyas İlker , GÜVEN Aytekin
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid 19 salgınının BIST 100 endeksi üzerindeki etkilerini 31 Mart 2020-9 Haziran 2021 dönemi için incelemektir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışma, iki değişkenli eş-bütünleşme analizlerinin aksine BIST 100 endeksi üzerinde etkili olabilecek gecelik repo faizi, dolar ve altın gibi finansal değişkenlere de yer vermektedir. Covid 19 salgınını temsilen günlük vefat sayısı ve günlük hasta sayısı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre günlük hasta sayısının BIST 100 endeksi üzerinde anlamlı negatif etkisi vardır. Öte yandan günlük vefat sayısının BIST 100 endeksi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisine rastlanamamıştır. Bu sonuçların yanı sıra dolar kurunun BIST 100 endeksi üzerinde anlamlı negatif etkisi vardır. Ancak gecelik repo faizi ve altının BIST 100 endeksi üzerindeki etkisi beklenilenin aksine pozitiftir.
Mental Disorders Associated with the Abuse of Synthetic Cannabinoids (Spices)
Authors: Bokhan N. A. , Selivanov G. Yu. , Salnikov A. A. , Blonsky K. A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids may trigger the development of mental disorders characterized by distortions of disease processes that can cause incorrect diagnosis.

Objective: to study the phenomenon of the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (Spice) as a trigger psychotic episode in psychiatric patients (with schizophrenia and personality disorders) and risk factors for developing paranoid schizophrenia.

Patients and research methods: 291 men were examined: 241 with dependence on synthetic cannabinoids — 101 of them were diagnosed with personality and behavior disorders in adulthood, 140 with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and 50 with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia without drug dependence.

Research methods: clinicalpsychopathological, psychometric (SANS, CGI, MMPI), follow-up, statistical R (R version 3.2.4).

Results: intoxication conditions caused by synthetic cannabinoids can provoke the development of psychotic episodes and be a trigger for the manifestation of schizophrenia. There are four variants of narcotic intoxication: delirious, schizophrenic, with pseudo-hallucinations, with delirium. The personalities of patients addicted to synthetic cannabinoids are similar in the prevalence of emotionally unstable, rigid, introverted, deviant traits. Patients with personality disorders, dependent on synthetic cannabinoids, differed from typical drug addicts in such patterns of behavior as disorganization, conflict, unpredictability, spontaneity, thoughtlessness of actions, impulsivity, and nonconformity. The stigmatizing signs of the schizophrenic process in patients who are dependent on synthetic cannabinoids are the symptoms of abulia–apathy of mild severity. Patients with schizophrenia, dependent on synthetic cannabinoids, differed from patients without dependence on drugs by the phenomenon of the absence of an emotional defect expressed in the expressiveness of emotions, the desire for communication.

Conclusion: the phenomenon of synthetic cannabinoid abuse is a trigger of a psychotic episode in both schizophrenic patients and those with personality disorders in whom antisocial, schizoid and paranoid personality traits prevail. The abuse of synthetic cannabinoids is a risk factor for the development of paranoid schizophrenia, which differs from schizophrenia without drug dependence by a mild degree of stigmatizing symptoms of abulia–apathy and social activity during periods of short-term remissions.
Neurotrophins and Neurotrophic Therapy (Based on the Cerebrolysin Model) in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Cognitive Disorders and Depression. Part 1
Authors: Gavrilova S. I. , Safarova T. P.
Published: June 2021

Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder and a global health problem. The prevalence of AD is increasing dramatically, and will double in two decades to reach 100 million cases worldwide. Therefore, the development of disease-modifying therapies that can delay or even prevent the onset and progression of AD has become a global priority.

Objective:to present a review of domestic and foreign modern studies covering the pathogenesis of AD and disease-modifying therapy.

Material and methods:the keywords “Alzheimer’s disease, late age, mild cognitive impairment, depression, therapy, cerebrolysin, effectiveness” were used to search for scientifi c articles in MEDLINE and PUBMED databases for the period 1980–2020.

Results and conclusions:since the pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, it is not surprising that all attempts to change the course of the disease with drugs aimed at a single therapeutic goal were unsuccessful. Thus, combined multimodal therapy using several drugs with a single mechanism of action or multi-purpose drugs seems to be the most promising strategy for both effective therapy of AD and its prevention. Cerebrolysin, acting as a multimodal peptidergic drug with a proven neurotrophic effect, has not only an immediate therapeutic effect on AD, which may refl ect its potential benefi t for modifying the course of the disease. Numerous clinical trials have shown that cerebrolysin is safe and effective in the treatment of AD, and can also enhance and prolong the effectiveness of cholinergic drugs, especially in patients with moderate AD. In this review, we summarize the achievements in the study of the therapeutic signifi cance of the drug and its effect on the pathogenesis of AD, paying special attention to the mechanisms of neurotrophic action. The review presents the results of both preclinical and clinical studies of cerebrolysin in the treatment of AD and pre-dementia cognitive disorders, as well as late depression.
Vermicompost of Cow Dung and Goat Manure to Increase N Absorption, Mustard (Brassica rapa L) Growth and Yield in Ultisols
Authors: Purba Tulus Roy Rasdian , Prasetyo R. Teguh Adi , Murcitro Bambang Gonggo , Nusantara Abimanyu Dipo , Suprijono Eko
Published: June 2021

This study aims to obtain N levels and N absorption as well as the growth and yield of mustard plants in ultisol soilapplied vermicompost cattle or goats. This research has been conducted from April 2020 – May 2020. Implementation of research on UNIB garden and Soil Science Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor consisting of 7 treatments, namely control, vermicompost cow dung with a dose of 10 tons ha-1 , 20 tons ha-1 , and 30 tons ha-1 , and vermicompost goat manure with a dose of 10 tons ha-1 , 20 tons ha-1 , and 30 tons ha-1 . The results showed that the administration of vermicompost cow dung at a dose of 30 tons ha-1 gave the best results for N tissue levels, N absorption, and mustard results in Ultisol. The same result was obtained from the administration of vermicompost goat manure at a dose of 20 tons ha-1 .
pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun
Authors: Rismawati
Published: June 2021

artikel ini membahas tentang pemikiran ibnu khaldun
Teori Ekonomi David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, JB Say
Authors: Fildayanti Devita Ayu
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teori-teori yang dikemukakan oleh David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, dan JB Say
bimbingan dan konseling pada siswa di era disrupsi
Authors: Warsiati
Published: June 2021

Dalam kehidupan manusia ada era dimana terjadinya perubahan besar, perubahan itu dinamakan Era disrupsi. Perubahan yang dirancang oleh manusia yang berupa sumber energi yang serba mesin yang dapat membantu manusia dalam memudahkan atau dapat mengefisienkan segala aktivitasnya yaitu yang dinamakan teknologi. Saat ini teknologi sudah menjadi suatu kebutuhan bagi manusia, karena teknologi menjadikan setiap kehidupan menjadi mudah. Kemanfaatan teknologi dapat dirasakan apabila menggunakannya kearah yang positif dan membangun, salah satunya dalam kegiatan bimbingan konseling berbasis teknologi. Dimana dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling mampu meningkatkan keterserapan materi yang diberikan kepada siswa atau klien dan dapat mengefektifkan peran konselor sebagai fasilitator guna memandirikan peserta didik di sekolah. Perlunya konselor untuk mengembangkan diri dengan menambah wawasannya agar dapat mengaplikasikan teknologi ke dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling serta menjadi konselor yang kreatif, adaptif, inovatif, serta fleksibel di era disrupsi ini.
Konsep Ekonomi pada masa dinasti Umayyah, Abbasiyah, dan Turki Usmani
Authors: Ismirana Alyaghina
Published: June 2021

Untuk memahami konsep ekonomi pada masa dinasti Umayyah, Abbasiyah, dan Turki Usmani
ARTIKEL SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: septiani Dian
Published: June 2021

UNTUK MENGETAHUI BAGAIMANA SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM
sistem ekonomi laissez faire pemikiran adam smith
Authors: Riskayanti.m
Published: June 2021

Laissez-faire berasal dari bahasa Perancis yang berarti "biarkan terjadi" (secara harafiah "biarkan berbuat"). Istilah ini bersumber dari diksi Perancis yang dipergunakan pertama kali oleh para psiokrat pada ratus tahun ke 18 sebagai wujud perlawanan terhadap intervensi pemerintah dalam perdagangan. Gaya kepemimpinan laisserfaire (bebas), dimana Gaya kepemimpinan ini pada dasarnya berpandangan bahwa anggota organisasi mampu mandiri dalam membuat keputusan atau mampu mengurus dirinya masing-masing, dengan sedikit mungkin pengarahan atau pemberian petunjuk dalam merealisasikan tugas pokok masing?masing sebagai bagian dari tugas pokok organisasi.
Pemikiran Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Khaldun tentang Ekonomi (Uang dan Harga)
Authors: DEWI
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang pemikiran ekonomi oleh Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Khaldun
KRITIK KARL MARX TERHADAP KAPITALISME DAN PENGERTIAN SOSIALISME
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui kritik KARL MARX terhadap sistem ekonomi kapitalisme
OVERVIEW SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM PADA ZAMAN RASULULLAH SAW.
Authors: Fitriah Nuraida
Published: June 2021

OVERVIEW SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM PADA ZAMAN RASULULLAH SAW.
KONSEP EKONOMI PADA MASA NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui konsep ekonomi pada masa nabi Muhammad saw
konsep ekonomi paada masa khulafaur rasyidin
Authors: Riskayanti.m
Published: June 2021

Khulafaur Rasyidin berasal dari kata khulafa’ dan al-rasyidin, kata khulafa’ yaitu cerdik, pandai dan pengganti. kata al-rasyidin yaitu lurus, benar dan mendapat petunjuk. Jadi Khulafaur Rasyidin merupakan orang-orang cerdik yang baik dan benar yang dipilih sebagai pemimpin pengganti Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi Wasallam setelah beliau wafat. Para pemimpin Khulafaur Rasyidin terdiri dari empat orang sahabat Rasulullah, yaitu : Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khatab, Utsman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abi Thalib.
Kritik Karl Marx Terhadap Kapitalisme dan Pengertian Ekonomi Sosialisme
Authors: DEWI
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang kritik Karl Marx terhadap Kapitalisme dan pengertian ekonomi sosialisme
Hubungan Kapitalisme dan Produksi
Authors: Fathurrahman Rezki Amalia
Published: June 2021

Di dunia jumlah kekayaan diseluruh dunia adalah 359 orang terkaya didunia yang setara dengan jumlah kekayaan 2,9 Miliar orang-orang termiskin didunia. Yang dimana terdapat 5 Miliar penduduk di bumi yang terdapat orang kaya hanya 359 orang jika di rata-ratakan kekayaan mereka sama dengan jumlah kekayaan separuh dari jumlah penduduk di bumi. Misalkan jika 3 orang kaya di dunia bila digabungkan dengan sama dengan GDP 48 negara miskin. Maka dari itu untuk mengatasi permasalahan penduduk di dunia seperti ketersediaan kebutuhan makanan, air, pendidikan dan kesehatan serta mengatasi kelaparan, kekurangan gizi dan wabah penyakit, maka dibutuhkan adalah 4% dari akumlasi kekayaan dari 255 orang terkaya di dunia. Agar bisa memenuhi kebutuhan seperti kesehatan dan makanan maka biaya yang diperlukan sebesar $13 Miliar yang jika dihitung setara dengan pengeluaran pembelian parfum di Eropa. Sehingga Fakta di atas bisa disimpulkan bahwa terjadinya kesenjangan apa itu dari pendapatan atau kekurangan kebutuhan pokok. Dan juga terjadi kontradiksi yang terjadi di masyarakat karena di tengah kesejahteraan dan kekayaan ternyata kemiskinan masih terjadi sehingga terjadi reproduksi kemiskinan dan kesengsaraan yang terus menerus terjadi. Kehidupan masyarakat yang alami saat ini yang disebut dengan kapitalisme. Yang dimana kapitalisme adalah suatu sistem ekonomi sosial yang bercirikan kepada profit motive atau keuntungan yang dikontrol oleh sarana produksi, distribusi dan petukaran dan kepemilikan pribadi.
SISTEM EKONOMI KAPITALISME
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

untuk memahami konsep ekonomi kapitalisme
Konsep Ekonomi Islam Pada Masa Rasulullah saw
Authors: Ali Muthia Zhafira
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini membahas konsep ekonomi pada masa nabi muhammad saw
TECHNIQUE ACTIVE BIRTH
Authors: Darma Ika Yulia
Published: June 2021

Persalinan merupakan proses fisiologis dimana merupakan proses keluarnya hasil konsepsi dari dalam rahim. Proses persalinan normal terjadi pada usia kehamilan 37 – 42 minggu, dimana janin telah matur. Proses persalinan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan nyeri persalinan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masyarakat primitive, persalinannya lebih lama dan nyeri, sedangkan masyarakat yang telah maju 7 – 14% bersalin dengan nyeri yang minimal dan sebagian besar (90%) disertai rasa sakit nyeri yang tidak terhindarkan. Stress, kecemasan, dan kekawatiran adalah factor – factor yang berkontribusi terhadap persepsi nyeri yang mempengaruhi persalinan dan pengalaman melahirkan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk menurunkan nyeri pada persalinan, baik secara farmakologi maupun non farmakologi. Terapi farmakologi dirasa lebih mahal dan berpotensi menimbulkan efek yang kurang baik. Sehingga banyak terapi non farmakologi yang muncul dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan yang dapat digunakan oleh suluruh lapisan masyarakat secara murah, murah, simple, efektif, dan tanpa efek yang merugikan. Salah satu tehnik relaksasi dan tindakan nonfarmakologi dalam penanganan nyeri saat persalinan dengan menggunakan birth ball yang juga biasa dikenal dalam senam pilates sebagai filball, swiss ball, dan petzi ball. Maka kami hadirkan Buku dengan judul Teknik Active Birth (Birt Ball and Hypnobirthing)
KONSEP EKONOMI MASA KHALIFAH
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

Untuk memahami konsep ekonomi pada masa khalifah
SISTEM EKONOMI MERKANTILISME
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

untuk memahami sistem ekonomi merkantilisme
SISTEM EKONOMI LAISSEZ FAIRE ADAM SMITH
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

untuk memahami sistem ekonomi laissez faire Adam Smith
Ekonomi Sosialisme
Authors: Fildayanti Devita Ayu
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep-konsep ekonomi sosialisme dan penerapannya
SISTEM INFORMASI UMKM MARMER BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA DESA GAMPING KECAMATAN CAMPURDARAT
Authors: irza  , COSTARI NEVI , G M. Muzaki Wildan
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tentang Sistem Informasi Manajemen dan juga perkembangan sistem informasi manajemen yang digunakan pada sebuah Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) marmer yang berada di Desa Gamping, Kecamatan Campurdarat. Di daerah Desa Gamping Kecamatan Capurdarat ini banyak sekali UMKM marmer yang di jalankan oleh masyarakatnya. Karena, marmer merupakan kekayaan alam yang sangat bernilai haganya, sehingga pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ada ini untuk agar bisa meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat tulungagung, terutama masyarakat di wilayah Desa Gamping. Namun, selain sumber daya alam yang melimpah ruah, juga terdapat faktor pendukung lainnya, seperti sistem informasi manajemen ini salah satunya. Yang mana apabila sebuah usaha di sesuaikan dengan menjalankan dan menerapkan sistem informasi manajemen yang tepat dan benar maka usaha itu juga akan berkembang dan sukses. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan juga informasi data yang digunakan melalui wawancara kepada narasumber atau responden – responden lainnya. Penelitian ini lebih berfokus untuk mengetahui seberapa tingkat perkembangan sistem informasi manajemen yang dipakai, dan juga untuk mengetahui perkembangan pemasaran produk UMKM ini melalui teknologi yang modern, seperti memasarkan melalui website. Hasil yang didapat dari sebuah penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat perkembangan sistem informasi manajemen yang diterapkan terhadap perkembangan usaha marmer, mengetahui perkembangan pemasaran produk dari hasil usaha marmer ini melalui website.
KONSEP EKONOMI PADA IBNU KHALDUN
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui konsep ekonomi pada masa Ibnu Khaldun
Sistem Ekonomi Kapitalisme
Authors: Lestari Mega
Published: June 2021

Kapitalisme berasal dari kata capital yakni modal, yang diartikan sebagai alat produksi seperti tanah dan uang. sedangkan kata isme sendiri berarti paham atau ajaran. sehingga kapitalisme dapat diartikan sebagai sesitem ekonomi politik yang cenderung ke arah pengumpulan kekayaan secara individu tanpa gangguan atau campur tangan dari pemerintah.
Sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam
Authors: SEPTIANI DIAN
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui bagaimana sejarah pemikiran ekonomi islam
Pengertian Kapitalisme dan Ciri-cirinya
Authors: Fathurrahman Rezki Amalia
Published: June 2021

Seperti kita bahwa kapitalisme adalah seseorang yang diberikan kebebasan untuk mengelola sumber daya dan modal yang dimiliki demi memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sekaligus untuk mendapat keuntungan karena prinsip yang kapitalis mengatakan bahwa “setiap orang berhak menerima imbalan atas hasil kerja yang ia lakukan atau prestasi kerja maka dari itu pemerintah tidak berhak untuk mengintervensi jalan perekonomian cukup sebagai pengamat dan pelindung. Maka dari penjelasan diatas menjelaskan ciri-ciri kapitalisme yang pertama, adanya pengakuan atas hak pribadi maksudnya setiap orang berhak atas kekayaan yang dimiliki. Kedua, praktik perekonomian yang dilakukan diatur berdasarkan mekanisme pasar maksudanya terjadinya hukum permintaan dan penawaran. Ketiga, praktik perekonomian digerakkan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan maksudnya individu maupun perusahaan melakukan kegiatan perekonomian untuk mendapatkan suatu keuntungan.
KONSEP EKONOMI PADA MASA DINASTI UMAYYAH, ABBASIYAH DAN TURKI USMANI
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

untuk memahami konsep ekonomi pada masa dinasti umayyah, abbasiyah, dan turki utsmani
Market Transportasi UK: Regulasi atau Kompetisi
Authors: FISU AMIRUDDIN AKBAR
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini merupakan ulasan market transportasi publik yang terjadi di Inggris terutama angkutan bus dan kereta api. Pada bagian awal membahas tentang mekanisme pasar layanan transportasi bus, kemudian bagaimana efek dari deregulasi yang dilakukan pada tahun 1990, serta bagaimana masalah dari deregulasi tersebut. Deregulasi berdampak pada ketidakstabilan pasar, pengaruhnya terhadap service atau layanan, kebijakan subsidi dan persaingan pada rute-rute yang disubsidi, alternative operator, hingga establishing demand pattern dan keinginan penumpang.
Pengertian dan Ciri Utama Kapitalisme
Authors: DEWI
Published: June 2021

Kapitalisme berasal dari asal kata capital yaitu berarti modal, yang artinya sebagai alat produksi semisal tanah dan uang. Sedangkan kata isme berarti paham atau ajaran. Kapitalisme adalah suatu paham ataupun ajaran mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan modal atau uang.
Konsep Ekonomi Pada Masa Dinasti
Authors: Novyanti Nela
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai konsep ekonomi Islam pada masa dinasti
SISTEM EKONOMI LAISSEZ FAIRE ADAM SMITH
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui sistem ekonomi laissez fire
SISTEM EKONOMI KAPITALISME
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui sistem ekonomi kapitalis
EKONOMI ISLAM MASA AL GHAZALI DAN IBNU KHALDUN
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

untuk memahami konsep ekonomi pada masa al ghazali dan ibnu khaldun
Teori Ekonomi David Ricardo, Thomas Maltus, dan JB. Say
Authors: DEWI
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang teori ekonomi menurut para ahli seperti David Ricardo, Thomas Maltus dan JB. Say
konsep ekonomi pada masa Khulafaurrasyidin
Authors: Rismawati
Published: June 2021

artikel ini membahas tentang ekonomi pada masa khulafaurrasyidin
sejarah pemikiran islam
Authors: Riskayanti.m
Published: June 2021

Ada dua istilah yang selalu digunakan dalam ekonomi Islam, yaitu ekonomi islam dan ekonomi syariah. Dilihat dari perkembangnya, ekonomi islam lahir dan berkembangnya agama Islam di dunia ini. Pada fase Rasulullah masih berada di Mekkah, kegiatan ekonomi belum dilakukan karena beliau fokus pada dakwahnya dalam rangka menguatkan ketauhidan atau kepercayaan pada orang?orang Quraisy yang menyembah berhala. Kegiatan ekonomi Rasulullah shalllahu alai wassallam baru dilaksanakan saat beliau berada Madinah dengan menata pemerintahan dan menata perekonomian masyarakat Madinah.
Ekonomi Kapitalisme
Authors: Ismirana Alyaghina
Published: June 2021

Untuk memahami definisi kapitalisme
THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21st CENTURY OF PPKN TEACHERS IN REDUCING STUDENTS OF GENERATION Z
Authors: Iswari Imelda Putri Parama
Published: June 2021

In the 21st century, many changes occur in life. The most prominent are technology-based and digital activities. Students born after 1995 are called Generation Z who play a role in creating and using various digital technologies. Generation Z in the 21st century is a digital generation that continues to advance and create new things in the fields of technology, communication, and digital. To compensate for the changes that occur in the character of generation Z students and also the faster technological developments, the creativity of teachers is needed in making a learning innovation. Innovation is carried out so that the learning process does not lag behind the times when technology changes rapidly.
HTN RESUME _ 166
Authors: kilkoda Nur wulan ris
Published: June 2021

Mahkamah Konstitusi memiliki 4 (empat) kewenangan dan 1 (satu) kewajiban yang diberikan oleh UUD NRI Tahun 1945, dimana salah satu kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah memutus hasil pemilihan umum. Penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum berdasarkan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dilakukan dalam rangka memilih anggota DPR-RI, DPD, DPRD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah. Pengaturan yang sumir terhadap kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk memutus hasil pemilihan umum menjadi persoalan karena pemilihan umum berdasarkan rezim pengaturannya dapat dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) yaitu pemilihan umum pada rezim pertama yaitu pemilihan umum dalam rangka memilih DPRRI, DPD, DPRD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden diatur dalam Pasal 22E UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dan pemilihan umum pada rezim kedua dalam rangka memilih kepala daerah 18 ayat (4) UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Pembagian rezim pemilihan umum dan pengaturan yang sumir terhadap kewenangan memutus hasil pemilihan umum berdampak pada apakah Mahkamah Konstitusi berwenang untuk mengadili semua rezim Pemilu atau hanya Pemilu pada rezim pertama saja. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif karena menggunakan data sekunder atau data kepustakaan yaitu buku, jurnal, peraturan perundanMahkamah Konstitusi memiliki 4 (empat) kewenangan dan 1 (satu) kewajiban yang diberikan oleh UUD NRI Tahun 1945, dimana salah satu kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah memutus hasil pemilihan umum. Penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum berdasarkan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dilakukan dalam rangka memilih anggota DPR-RI, DPD, DPRD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah. Pengaturan yang sumir terhadap kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk memutus hasil pemilihan umum menjadi persoalan karena pemilihan umum berdasarkan rezim pengaturannya dapat dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) yaitu pemilihan umum pada rezim pertama yaitu pemilihan umum dalam rangka memilih DPRRI, DPD, DPRD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden diatur dalam Pasal 22E UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dan pemilihan umum pada rezim kedua dalam rangka memilih kepala daerah 18 ayat (4) UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Pembagian rezim pemilihan umum dan pengaturan yang sumir terhadap kewenangan memutus hasil pemilihan umum berdampak pada apakah Mahkamah Konstitusi berwenang untuk mengadili semua rezim Pemilu atau hanya Pemilu pada rezim pertama saja. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif karena menggunakan data sekunder atau data kepustakaan yaitu buku, jurnal, peraturan perundan
SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM KONTEMPORER
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui sejarah ekonomi kontemporer
Mechanics of Global Value Chains: India's Perspective
Authors: Dutta Sourish
Published: June 2021

The global production as a system of creating values is eventually forming a vast web of value chains. It explains the transitional structures of world trade and development of the world economy. It is truly a new wave of globalisation, and we term it as the global value chains (GVCs), creating the nexus among firms, workers and consumers around the globe. The emergence of this new scenario raises some crucial questions. It asks how an economy's businesses, producers and employees are connecting to the global economy. How are they capturing the gains out of it regarding different dimensions of economic development? Indeed, this GVC approach is very crucial for understanding the organisation of the global industries and firms. It requires analysing the statics and dynamics of different economic players involved in this complex global production network. Its widespread notion deals with diverse global, regional, and local issues from the top-down to bottom-up, building scope for policy analysis. In this context, this study will attempt to quantify the extent and impacts of India's engagement in GVCs, based on available data. It will also strive to propose a comprehensive strategic framework to identify the objectives of India's GVC participation and development with some suitable economic strategies to achieve them.
Konsep Ekonomi Pada Masa Khalifah
Authors: Ali Muthia Zhafira
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini membahas perkembangan ekonomi islamIslam pada masa Khalifah Abu Bakar, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin affan, dan Ali bin abi thalib
Pembuatan Website “Jaringan Komputer” Menggunakan Blogspot
Authors: Kombong Oktavia Rante
Published: June 2021

Jaringan komputer terkoneksi apabila pada dalam jaringan ini bisa saling bertukar data/informasi dengan berbagai resource yang dimiliki. Ketika dua device yang sama-sama memiliki koneksi internet dan akan dihubungkan pada kabel pasti akan membentuk sebuah jaringan komputer.
Teori Ekonomi David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus dan JB Say
Authors: Fildayanti Devita Ayu
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teori-teori yang digagas oleh David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus dan JB Say
TOKOH PEMIKIR EKONOMI DAVID RICARDO, THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS DAN JEAN BAPTISTE SAY
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui konsep ekonomi dari David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus dan Jean Baptiste Say
konsep ekonomi pada masa dinasti umayyah, abbassiah, dan turki usmani
Authors: Riskayanti.m
Published: June 2021

Pada abad pertengahan merupakan masa kepemimpinan daulah-daulah islamiah bisa dikatakan dinasti umayyah merupakan dinasti yang agresif dalam perpolitikan pada waktu itu. Sehinggah banyak sekali khalifah dari kalangan keluarga bani umayyah yang memimpin negara pada saat itu, masa pemerintahan tersebut dikenal sebagai era agresif, dibuktikan dengan perluasan wilayah, perluasan tersebut tentunya akan berdampak pada bidang-bidang salah satunya yaitu bidang ekonomi. Dinasti umayyah didirikan oleh Muawiyah Bin Abu Sufyan pada tahu 41H/661 M sampai 132H/750M
EKONOMI SOSIALISME
Authors: Aprilya Nurul Wahida
Published: June 2021

Untuk mengetahui pengertian sosialisme
Ekonomi Sosialis dan Kritik Karl Marx terhadap Kapitalisme
Authors: Pratiwi Nurul
Published: June 2021

sistem ekonomi sosialis bersifat sebaliknya dari sistem ekonomi kapitalis, sistem ini pada hakikatnya mencoba untuk menyelesaikan persoalan ekonomi yaitu sumber daya manusia yang terbatas sedangkan keinginan manusia tidak terbatas (Boy syamsul bakhri, 2011). Sistem ekonomi sosialisme merupakan model ekonomi yang diatur oleh negara, dimana perdagangan dan aktivitas perekonomian sepenuhnya menjadi tanggungjawab negara (Syamsul effendi, 2019) akan tetapi bukan berarti ekonomi sosialis tidak memberikan kebebasan individu dalam aktivitas ekonomi, hak pribadi tetap diberikan kebebasan dalam melakukan aktivitas ekonomi namun tidak begitu leluasa dibandingkan dengan campur tangan pemerintah (Muhammad Tho’in, 2015).
TEORI EKONOMI DAVID RICHARDO, THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS, DAN JEAN BAPTISE SAY
Authors: ST. NURUL ILMI AL FAUZIAH
Published: June 2021

untuk memahami teori ekonomi david richardo, jean baptise say, dan thomas robert malthus
sistem ekonomi kapitalisme
Authors: Rismawati
Published: June 2021

artikel ini membahas tentang sistem ekonomi kapitalisme
Cross-language semantic parafoveal preview benefits in bilinguals
Authors: Jouravlev Olessia , McPhedran Mark , Hodgins Vegas , Jared Debra
Published: June 2021

The aim of this project was to identify factors contributing to cross-language semantic preview benefits. In Experiment 1, Russian-English bilinguals read English sentences with Russian words presented as parafoveal previews. The gaze-contingent boundary paradigm was used to present sentences. Critical previews were cognate translations of the target word (CTAPT - START), noncognate translations (CPOK - TERM), or interlingual homograph translations (MOPE - SEA). A semantic preview benefit (i.e., shorter fixation durations) was observed for cognate and interlingual homograph translations, but not for noncognate translations. In Experiment 2, English-French bilinguals read English sentences with French words used as parafoveal previews. Critical previews were interlingual homograph translations of the target word (PAIN - BREAD) or interlingual homograph translations with a diacritic added (PÁIN - BREAD). A robust semantic preview benefit was found only for interlingual homographs without diacritics, although both preview types produced a semantic preview benefit in the total fixation duration. Our findings suggest that semantically-related previews need to have substantial orthographic overlap with words in the target language to produce cross-language semantic preview benefits in early eye fixation measures. In terms of the Bilingual Interactive Activation + model, the preview word may need to activate the language node for the target language before its meaning is integrated with that of the target word.
Features of planning and implementation of energy-saving measures at compressor stations of main gas pipelines
Authors:   Satbayev University, G. Moldabayeva  , R. Suleimenova  ,   Satbayev University, M. Sadvakasov  ,   Beineu-Shymkent Gas Pipeline LLP, G. Jalalov  ,   National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
Published: June 2021

Currently, the National gas supply operator in Kazakhstan pays special attention to the rational use of natural gas for its own and technological needs, while maintaining the optimal management of the gas transportation system, taking into account the specific technical situation of the equipment. Energy efficient management of gas pipelines is one of the priority directions for optimizing gas costs. The use of innovative methods of energy-saving technologies during the operation of the gas transmission system, an increase in the efficiency of gas-pumping units, as well as the implementation of automated energy saving control systems, will significantly increase the efficiency of gas transportation.
Geodetic monitoring of deformations of engineering structures
Authors:   Satbayev University, Urazbayev G. , Altayeva A. ,   Satbayev University, Kozhayev Zh. ,   Satbayev University, Mustafin M. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: June 2021

Unfortunately, all kinds of anthropogenic and natural factors contribute to the deformation of man-made structures. Geodetic control of buildings and structures, timely detection and elimination of deformations is a guarantee of long-term operation of the building. Monitoring is one of the most important tools to ensure the reliability and safety of multi-storey and large-scale buildings and structures during construction and operation. A significant amount of instrumental control during construction and operation is carried out by geodetic methods. Geodetic methods are used to determine both local and general deformations of buildings and structures, deviations of load-bearing, fencing structures from vertical and design drawings, foundations and soil settlements, through which the technical condition of the building or structure is specially assessed. Today, the analysis of deformations is an important task for every region of our country, especially for areas with changes in the earth's surface. The field of deformation research in the Republic of Kazakhstan is quite developed and there are many necessary materials to identify such changes. In our country, special services are organized to control any benchmarks and analyze the results of high-precision measurements in several cycles to detect any changes on the earth's surface. Therefore, this article provides an overview of both the classical methods of geodetic control and the tools and technologies used to determine the quantitative characteristics of the deformation of engineering objects.
Notes physiologiques, ethnobotaniques et ethnophamacologiques sur Arbutus unedo (L.)
Authors: Rejeb A. , Allaf K. , Hamrouni L.
Published: June 2021

Arbutus unedo, appelé aussi arbousier, est un arbuste à feuilles persistantes, très apprécié dans la région méditerranéenne, bien qu’il reste considéré jusqu’à présent comme un arbre fruitier sous-exploité. Grâce à ses nombreux intérêts, les ethnobotanistes, chimistes, nutritionnistes et anthropologistes s’y intéressent de plus en plus. Il s’agit d’une espèce de la famille des Erecaceae abondante surtout sur le pourtour du bassin méditerranéen, ainsi que dans les régions ayant un été chaud et un hiver doux et pluvieux. Dans une étude bibliographique ethnobotanique, nous présenterons brièvement l’espèce, puis nous exposerons les propriétés pharmacologiques de ses différentes parties ainsi que ses possibles domaines d’exploitation. En médecine traditionnelle, les fruits sont utilisés comme antiseptiques, diurétiques et laxatifs, tandis que les feuilles sont utilisées pour leurs propriétés diurétiques, antiseptiques urinaires, antidiarrhéiques, astringentes, dépuratives et antihypertensives. Le potentiel pharmacologique élevé a été démontré grâce aux analyses des différents extraits d’Arbutus unedo, lui conférant des pouvoirs : antifongique, antiparasitaire, antiagrégant, antidiabétique, antihypertenseur, anti-inflammatoire, antitumoral et antioxydant. En fait, la composition des fruits, des feuilles et des racines de cet arbuste révèle une espèce prometteuse pour l’industrie phytopharmacologique et devrait inciter les chercheurs à approfondir les études pour en créer de nouveaux médicaments.
An Empirical Investigation on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Nabi Ghulam , Ghaznafar Faheem , Asif Tahira
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the association between firm performance and ownership structure. We collect the data from the annual reports of 60 random firms, which are listed in the Karachi stock exchange (KSE 100 Index), for a period of 5 years from 2007-2011. Firm performance is measured by using market and accounting based proxies, Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE, respectively, while ownership structure is measured as a percentage of shares held by the Board of Directors. The findings reveal that ownership structure has a negative and significant association with firm performance (accounting-based proxy).
Shifting National Security Paradigm of Pakistan from Geo Politics to a Geo Economics Era
Authors: Gul Shabnam , Asghar Muhammad Faizan , Khalid Munib
Published: June 2021

Pakistan being one of the most populous Muslim states, is characterized by unique features. It is home to the seventh-largest army in the world, but strangely enough, it stands in 2018 (slightly better than previous rankings )as one of the 20th most fragile nations of the world. Pakistan bears a key geopolitical position in South Asia, linking it with the Middle East, surrounded by Russia, China, India, and Iran as well. Traditionally, Pakistan national security has been analyzed through geopolitical and geostrategic perspectives, but with the primacy of economic factors, the geo-economic approach has taken the lead in analyzing the national security of Pakistan. Most underdeveloped and developing countries heavily depend upon external resources and regional connectivity for economic development, but both can jeopardize their security in one way or the other. So Pakistan is no exception in this regard. That's why the article is going to analyze the hazards to Pakistan's national security by focusing upon the growing Pakistan China economic connectivity and Indian fears and apprehensions and Afghanistan's instability, and its prospective looming effect on China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
Teaching the Construction of Feminist Ideology to EFL Learners: A Corpus Approach
Authors: Khan Mamona Yasmin , Rasheed Nausheen , Rasheed Shaheen
Published: June 2021

Corpus Linguistics has gained much importance, and it is now continually been applied in linguistics as well as in literature. This paper aims to investigate the use of corpus linguistics in teaching literature to students. This research has used a both qualitative and quantitative approach. The question it probes to find out is how literature (Feminist Theory) can be taught to students by using the Simple Concordance Program (4.09). The results are: different words, which were supporting the feminist ideology, are extracted from the word list of the sample, and then, feminist analysis is done, according to their occurrence in the phrase and sentences.
Effect of Argumentative Discourse based Intervention on Argumentation Ability: A Study of Demographic Factors
Authors: Majeed Sumaira , Kirmani Nighat Sana
Published: June 2021

Argumentation can be viewed as an important activity in science education aiming at a better understanding of science topics. This article is drawn from doctoral research aiming to assess the effect of an argumentative coursebased intervention on argumentation ability in complement with other variables. This section highlights how students with demographic variations differ in their argumentation ability and how do they respond to the intervention. The population of the study comprised of school students in their transition stage of cognitive development from concrete to abstract thinking; correspondingly, Grade 5 students were selected. An argumentative discourse framework was developed for the contents of the school Science subject adapting to the Toulmin model. 18 weeks of intervention was provided, including 4 weeks introductory training phase followed by a pretest of argumentation ability. Analysis revealed that demographics like gender, age order among siblings, family type, and achievement level play their innate role in determining argumentation ability, and students respond to the intervention correspondingly.
Achieving Pedagogical Abilities through Teaching Practice: A Smooth Track to be a Professional before Professional
Authors: Shiraz Maria , Nadeem Mubashar , Qaisar Shahzada
Published: June 2021

Saphier, Haley-Speca., & Gower (2008) stated that teaching practice is to create a dynamic schoolroom environment that fosters fantastic, powerful communication amongst school students, teachers, parents and other members of the school community. This descriptive research is focused on the significance of teaching practice for the prospective teachers and was conducted by administering a questionnaire having fifteen question items on one hundred B.Ed (Hons) students of a public sector university after their final round of practicum. The results of the study through light on the importance of teaching practice component and its modalities and further reflects that teaching practice is highly significant, fruitful, and a must for any students interested in taking up teaching as a future profession both in teacher education and other programs with the remark that the concerned universities may extend to at least four months instead of restricting it to 12-16 credits or so.