bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver and serum lipids in Wistar rats fed a novel structured lipid containing conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid
Authors: Shagholian M. , Goli S. A.H. , Shirvani A. , Agha-Ghazvini M. R. , Asgary S.
Published: February 2019

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) have been known to have several health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel structured lipid (SL) including both CLA and CLnA (cis9, trans11, cis13-18:3, punicic acid) into one triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule through enzymatic interesterification and investigate its effect on body weight, liver and serum lipids in Wistar rats. CLA oil, pomegranate seed oil (as a rich source of CLnA) and soybean oil (as a negative control) were applied as other experimental oils. The rats were fed the oils at 1500 mg/kg body weight per day via oral gavage for 45 days. Gas chromatography analysis showed that SL included CLnA and CLA in roughly equal concentrations. The in vivo study revealed that SL had the greatest effect on the reduction in liver lipid weight (4.65 g/100g of liver) and liver TAG (13.28 mg/g) compared to soybean oil (8.7 g/100g and 18.8 mg/g, respectively). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum of rats which were fed CLA oil significantly (p < 0.05) increased (from 0.95 to 1.14 mmol/l). Pomegranate seed oil reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (about 40% and 24% reduction, respectively). A remarkable TAG reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in all treated rats.
Chia seed oil as an additive to yogurt
Authors: Derewiaka D. , Stepnowska N. , Bryś J. , Ziarno M. , Ciecierska M. , Kowalska J.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 2% chia seed oil addition to natural yogurt on its quality and to determine whether chia seed oil can be used as an additive in fermented milk products. The dominant species of microorganisms found in yogurt was Lb. delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus. The number in natural yogurt varied from 6.2 to 6.3·106 CFU·g-1 and in enriched yogurt between 6.1 and 6.3·106 CFU·g-1. Chia seed oil contained 4.5 g of sterol per 100 g of oil. The addition of 2% chia seed oil to natural yogurt resulted in a high content of phytosterol in yogurt. Natural yogurt contained 1.2 g of cholesterol in 100 g of the fat fraction of yogurt. Enriched yogurt contained 2 g of phytosterols. The addition of 2% chia seed oil to natural yogurt resulted in higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and α-linolenic acid.
MAIT Cells Upregulate α4β7 in Response to Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian HIV Infection but Are Resistant to Peripheral Depletion in Pigtail Macaques
Authors: Juno Jennifer A. , Wragg Kathleen M. , Amarasena Thakshila , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Liu Ligong , Fairlie David P. , McCluskey James , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Kent Stephen J.
Published: February 2019

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are nonconventional T lymphocytes that recognize bacterial metabolites presented by MR1. Whereas gut bacterial translocation and the loss/dysfunction of peripheral MAIT cells in HIV infection is well described, MAIT cells in nonhuman primate models are poorly characterized. We generated a pigtail macaque (PTM)–specific MR1 tetramer and characterized MAIT cells in serial samples from naive and SIV– or simian HIV–infected PTM. Although PTM MAIT cells generally resemble the phenotype and transcriptional profile of human MAIT cells, they exhibited uniquely low expression of the gut-homing marker α4β7 and were not enriched at the gut mucosa. PTM MAIT cells responded to SIV/simian HIV infection by proliferating and upregulating α4β7, coinciding with increased MAIT cell frequency in the rectum. By 36 wk of infection, PTM MAIT cells were activated and exhibited a loss of Tbet expression but were not depleted as in HIV infection. Our data suggest the following: 1) MAIT cell activation and exhaustion is uncoupled from the hallmark depletion of MAIT cells during HIV infection; and 2) the lack of PTM MAIT cell enrichment at the gut mucosa may prevent depletion during chronic infection, providing a model to assess potential immunotherapeutic approaches to modify MAIT cell trafficking during HIV infection.
ARTC2.2/P2RX7 Signaling during Cell Isolation Distorts Function and Quantification of Tissue-Resident CD8+ T Cell and Invariant NKT Subsets
Authors: Borges da Silva Henrique , Wang Haiguang , Qian Lily J. , Hogquist Kristin A. , Jameson Stephen C.
Published: February 2019

Peripheral invariant NKT cells (iNKT) and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) express high levels of the extracellular ATP receptor P2RX7 in mice. High extracellular ATP concentrations or NAD-mediated P2RX7 ribosylation by the enzyme ARTC2.2 can induce P2RX7 pore formation and cell death. Because both ATP and NAD are released during tissue preparation for analysis, cell death through these pathways may compromise the analysis of iNKT and CD8+ TRM. Indeed, ARTC2.2 blockade enhanced recovery of viable liver iNKT and TRM. The expression of ARTC2.2 and P2RX7 on distinct iNKT subsets and TRM is unclear, however, as is the impact of recovery from other nonlymphoid sites. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of ARTC2.2 and P2RX7 expression in iNKT and CD8+ T cells in diverse tissues, at steady-state and after viral infection. NKT1 cells and CD8+ TRM express high levels of both ARTC2.2 and P2RX7 compared with NKT2, NKT17, and CD8+ circulating memory subsets. Using nanobody-mediated ARTC2.2 antagonism, we showed that ARTC2.2 blockade enhanced NKT1 and TRM recovery from nonlymphoid tissues during cell preparation. Moreover, blockade of this pathway was essential to preserve functionality, viability, and proliferation of both populations. We also showed that short-term direct P2RX7 blockade enhanced recovery of TRM, although to a lesser degree. In summary, our data show that short-term in vivo blockade of the ARTC2.2/P2RX7 axis permits much improved flow cytometry–based phenotyping and enumeration of murine iNKT and TRM from nonlymphoid tissues, and it represents a crucial step for functional studies of these populations.
A new technology for suspended sediment simulation in Lake Taihu, China: Combination of hydrodynamic modeling and remote sensing
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Huang Changchun , Guo Fei , Song Zhiyao , Hu Di
Published: February 2019

Sediment resuspension is closely related to the endogenetic release of nutrients in Lake Taihu. Thus, understanding the factors associated with sediment resuspension is important. In this study, a new technology, which integrates a hydrodynamic model and remote sensing techniques, was applied to derive the distribution of the erosion flux and obtain the spatially variable critical shear stress. Then, the spatially variable critical shear stress was used in the sediment simulations at Lake Taihu. Compared to the traditional model, based on uniform values of critical shear stress, the new method, using variable values of critical shear stress calibrated from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data, significantly improved the sediment simulations at Lake Taihu. Based on the erosion flux from August 6-8, 2013, the correlations between erosion and wind speed, wind fetch, mud depth, and water depth were analyzed for different subsections and spots in Lake Taihu. The potential sources of error were also addressed. Further improvement of the model is necessary.
Minorities’ experiences of office gossip
Authors: Carrim Nasima M.H.
Published: February 2019

Orientation: Office gossip can result in someone from a minority group feeling powerless, being resigned to the out-group and be deprived of social networks.Research purpose: This article sought to explore the extent to which research has been conducted on minorities’ experiences of office gossip within organisations.Motivation for the study: Previous organisational research on employees’ experiences of office gossip focused on employees in general and not on specific groups of employees such as minority workers. The literature review of this study therefore points to key areas identified in past studies where experiences of minorities related to gossip are lacking.Research approach/design and method: Based on a systematic review of the literature published over the last 60 years, the author focused on key areas where office gossip related to minorities is lacking.Main findings: The author found that existing research relating to minorities’ experiences of office gossip had focused only on two categories: women minorities and racial minorities. Limited research had been conducted on other minority groups’ experiences of office gossip.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations could benefit from having knowledge about the experiences of minority employees, such as foreign nationals, gays, lesbians and obese individuals, to mention but a few. Managers could exert influence to change a work environment and culture to be more inclusive so as to minimise office gossip that would possibly make minorities feel excluded.Contribution/value-add: This article aimed to fill the gap identified in the literature regarding research on workplace gossip as related to minority employees.
Savoir plus, miser moins : une maîtrise des principaux concepts en statistiques et probabilités distingue-t-elle les comportements de jeu?
Authors: Smith Isabelle , Giroux Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Prevention and treatment research for pathological gambling suggests that knowledge of statistics and probabilities (SP) improves decisions related to gambling. As such, it is expected that people who understand SP concepts will be more protected from excessive gambling. Laboratory studies nevertheless reveal longer gambling times and behaviours that defy a good understanding of SP in this population, similar to the behaviours of people without this knowledge. Are these behaviours reflected in the gambling habits of people with knowledge of SP when they choose to gamble in their personal lives? Seventy-four university students, divided into two groups based on their knowledge of SP, were questioned about their gambling behaviours and problems. The results show that the participants gamble very little and have few gambling problems, whether or not they have SP knowledge. The paper discusses the modest contribution of SP knowledge to gambling behaviour in the university population and the effect of other variables that could help discriminate between individuals in terms of their knowledge of SP and their gambling behaviours.RésuméLa recherche en prévention et en traitement du jeu d’argent pathologique suppose que la connaissance des statistiques et des probabilités (SP) améliore les prises de décision menant à la participation à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA). Il est dès lors attendu que les gens maîtrisant les notions de SP soient davantage protégés des excès au jeu. Or, des études réalisées en laboratoire rapportent de plus longues durées de jeu et des comportements de jeu défiant une bonne compréhension des SP parmi cette population, similaires à ceux qui n’ont pas ces connaissances. Est-ce que ces comportements se reflètent dans les habitudes de jeu des personnes maitrisant les SP, lorsqu’elles choisissent de jouer dans leur vie personnelle? Soixante-quatorze universitaires répartis en deux groupes selon leur maîtrise des SP ont été sondés sur leurs comportements et problèmes de jeu. Les résultats montrent que les participants jouent peu et éprouvent peu de problèmes de jeu, qu’ils possèdent les connaissances en SP ou non. L’apport modéré de la connaissance des SP sur les comportements de jeu auprès d’une population universitaire déjà fortement scolarisée, ainsi que l’effet d’autres variables pouvant aider à discriminer les individus quant à leur maîtrise des SP et leurs comportements de jeu sont discutés dans cette étude.
A comprehensive study of hygroscopic properties of calcium- and magnesium-containing salts: implication for hygroscopicity of mineral dust and sea salt aerosols
Authors: Guo Liya , Gu Wenjun , Peng Chao , Wang Weigang , Li Yong Jie , Zong Taomou , Tang Yujing , Wu Zhijun , Lin Qinhao , Ge Maofa , Zhang Guohua , Hu Min , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming , Tang Mingjin
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Calcium- and magnesium-containing salts are important components for mineral
dust and sea salt aerosols, but their physicochemical properties are not well
understood yet. In this study, hygroscopic properties of eight Ca- and
Mg-containing salts, including Ca(NO3)2⚫4H2O,
Mg(NO3)2⚫6H2O, MgCl2⚫6H2O,
CaCl2⚫6H2O, Ca(HCOO)2,
Mg(HCOO)2⚫2H2O, Ca(CH3COO)2⚫H2O
and Mg(CH3COO)2⚫4H2O, were investigated using two
complementary techniques. A vapor sorption analyzer was used to measure the
change of sample mass with relative humidity (RH) under isotherm conditions,
and the deliquescence relative humidities (DRHs) for temperature in the range
of 5–30 ∘C as well as water-to-solute ratios as a function of RH at
5 and 25 ∘C were reported for these eight compounds. DRH values
showed large variation for these compounds; for example, at 25 ∘C
DRHs were measured to be ∼ 28.5 % for CaCl2⚫6H2O and >95 % for Ca(HCOO)2 and
Mg(HCOO)2⚫2H2O. We further found that the dependence of
DRH on temperature can be approximated by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. In
addition, a humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer was used to
measure the change in mobility diameter with RH (up to 90 %) at room
temperature, in order to determine hygroscopic growth factors of aerosol
particles generated by atomizing water solutions of these eight compounds.
All the aerosol particles studied in this work, very likely to be amorphous
under dry conditions, started to grow at very low RH (as low as 10 %) and
showed continuous growth with RH. Hygroscopic growth factors at 90 % RH
were found to range from 1.26 ± 0.04 for Ca(HCOO)2 to
1.79 ± 0.03 for Ca(NO3)2, and the single hygroscopicity
parameter ranged from 0.09–0.13 for Ca(CH3COO)2 to 0.49–0.56
for Ca(NO3)2. Overall, our work provides a comprehensive
investigation of hygroscopic properties of these Ca- and Mg-containing salts,
largely improving our knowledge of the physicochemical properties of mineral
dust and sea salt aerosols.
Mesospheric nitric oxide model from SCIAMACHY data
Authors: Bender Stefan , Sinnhuber Miriam , Espy Patrick J. , Burrows John P.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We present an empirical model for nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere
(≈60–90 km) derived from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartoghraphY) limb scan data.
This work complements and extends the NOEM
(Nitric Oxide Empirical Model; Marsh et al., 2004) and
SANOMA (SMR Acquired Nitric Oxide Model Atmosphere; Kiviranta et al., 2018)
empirical models in the lower thermosphere.
The regression ansatz builds on the heritage of studies
by Hendrickx et al. (2017) and the superposed epoch
analysis by Sinnhuber et al. (2016) which
estimate NO production from particle precipitation. Our model relates the daily (longitudinally) averaged NO number densities from
SCIAMACHY (Bender et al., 2017b, a) as a function of geomagnetic latitude
to the solar Lyman-α and the geomagnetic
AE (auroral electrojet) indices.
We use a non-linear regression model, incorporating a finite and seasonally
varying lifetime for the geomagnetically induced NO.
We estimate the parameters by finding the maximum posterior probability
and calculate the parameter uncertainties using
Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling.
In addition to providing an estimate of the NO content in the mesosphere,
the regression coefficients indicate regions where certain processes dominate.
Polarization lidar: an extended three-signal calibration approach
Authors: Jimenez Cristofer , Ansmann Albert , Engelmann Ronny , Haarig Moritz , Schmidt Jörg , Wandinger Ulla
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We present a new formalism to calibrate a three-signal polarization lidar and
to measure highly accurate height profiles of the volume linear
depolarization ratios under realistic experimental conditions. The
methodology considers elliptically polarized laser light, angular
misalignment of the receiver unit with respect to the main polarization plane
of the laser pulses, and cross talk among the receiver channels. A case
study of a liquid-water cloud observation demonstrates the potential of the
new technique. Long-term observations of the calibration parameters
corroborate the robustness of the method and the long-term stability of the
three-signal polarization lidar. A comparison with a second polarization
lidar shows excellent agreement regarding the derived volume linear
polarization ratios in different scenarios: a biomass burning smoke event
throughout the troposphere and the lower stratosphere up to 16 km in height, a
dust case, and also a cirrus cloud case.
Comparison of slant open-path flux gradient and static closed chamber techniques to measure soil N2O emissions
Authors: Bai Mei , Suter Helen , Lam Shu Kee , Flesch Thomas K. , Chen Deli
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Improving direct field measurement techniques to quantify gas emissions
from cropped agricultural fields is challenging. We compared nitrous oxide
(N2O) emissions measured with static closed chambers to those from a
newly developed aerodynamic flux gradient (FG) approach. Measurements were
made at a vegetable farm following chicken manure application. The FG
calculations were made with a single open-path Fourier transform infrared
(OP-FTIR) spectrometer (height of 1.45 m) deployed in a slant-path
configuration, sequentially aimed at retro reflectors at heights of 0.8 and
1.8 m above ground. Hourly emissions were measured with the FG technique, but
once a day between 10:00 and 13:00 with chambers. We compared the concurrent
emission ratios (FG∕chamber) of these two techniques and found
N2O emission rates from a celery crop farm measured at midday by FG were
statistically higher (1.22–1.40 times) than those from the chambers
measured at the same time. Our results suggest the OP-FTIR slant-path FG
configuration worked well in this study: it was sufficiently sensitive to
detect the N2O gradients over our site, giving high temporal resolution
N2O emissions corresponding to a large measurement footprint.
Identification of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in temperate forests
Authors: Miyazaki Yuzo , Gowda Divyavani , Tachibana Eri , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Hiura Tsutom
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids (waxes) and can act as surface-active organic aerosols in the atmosphere, influencing chemical reactions, particle lifetimes, and the formation of cloud droplets and ice nuclei. However, studies on the composition and source of the FAs in atmospheric aerosols are very limited. In this study, we identified five secondary FAs (SFAs) with C27 and C29 from aerosol samples collected throughout one year at two different deciduous forest sites in Japan. Fatty diols, such as n-heptacosan-5,10-diol, were identified in atmospheric aerosols for the first time. Among the identified SFAs, n-nonacosan-10-ol was the most abundant compound, followed by n-nonacosan-5-10-diol at both of the forest sites. Concentrations of the SFAs exhibited distinct seasonal variation, with pronounced peaks during the growing season at each forest site. The SFAs showed significant correlation with sucrose, which is used as a molecular tracer of pollen. A significant fraction of the SFAs was attributed to the submicrometer particles in the growing season. The results indicate that they originated mostly from plant wax and could be used as useful tracers for primary biological aerosol particles.
Competition alters predicted forest carbon cycle responses to nitrogen availability and elevated CO2: simulations using an explicitly competitive, game-theoretic vegetation demographic model
Authors: Weng Ensheng , Dybzinski Ray , Farrior Caroline E. , Pacala Stephen W.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Competition is a major driver of carbon allocation to different plant tissues (e.g. wood, leaves, fine roots), and allocation, in turn, shapes vegetation structure. To improve their modeling of the terrestrial carbon cycle, many Earth system models now incorporate vegetation demographic models (VDMs) that explicitly simulate the processes of individual-based competition for light and soil resources. Here, in order to understand how these competition processes affect predictions of the terrestrial carbon cycle, we simulate forest responses to elevated CO2 along a nitrogen availability gradient using a VDM that allows us to compare fixed allocation strategies versus competitively-optimal allocation strategies. Our results show that competitive- and fixed-allocation strategies predict opposite fractional allocation to fine roots and wood, though they predict similar changes in total NPP along the nitrogen gradient. The competitively-optimal allocation strategy predicts decreasing fine root and increasing wood allocation with increasing nitrogen, whereas the fixed allocation strategy predicts the opposite. Although simulated plant biomass at equilibrium increases with nitrogen due to increases in photosynthesis for both allocation strategies, the increase in biomass with nitrogen is much steeper for competitively-optimal allocation due to its increased allocation to wood. The qualitatively opposite fractional allocation to fine roots and wood of the two strategies also impacts the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant biomass. Whereas the fixed allocation strategy predicts an increase in plant biomass under elevated [CO2] that is approximately independent of nitrogen availability, competition’s effect on wood allocation amplifies plant biomass under elevated [CO2] with increasing nitrogen availability. Our results indicate that the VDMs that explicitly include the effects of competition for light and soil resources on plant strategies may generate significantly different ecosystem-level predictions than those that use fixed allocation strategies.
A long-term (2002 to 2017) record of closed-path and open-path eddy covariance CO2 net ecosystem exchange fluxes from the Siberian Arctic
Authors: Holl David , Wille Christian , Sachs Torsten , Schreiber Peter , Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Beckebanze Lutz , Langer Moritz , Boike Julia , Pfeiffer Eva-Maria , Fedorova Irina , Bolshianov Dimitry Y. , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Kutzbach Lars
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Ground-based observations of land–atmosphere fluxes are
necessary to progressively improve global climate models. Observed data can
be used for model evaluation and to develop or tune process models. In arctic
permafrost regions, climate–carbon feedbacks are amplified. Therefore,
increased efforts to better represent these regions in global climate models
have been made in recent years. We present a multi-annual time series of
land–atmosphere carbon dioxide fluxes measured in situ with the
eddy covariance technique in the Siberian Arctic (72∘22′ N,
126∘30′ E). The site is part of the international network of eddy
covariance flux observation stations (FLUXNET; site ID: Ru-Sam). The data set
includes consistently processed fluxes based on concentration measurements of
closed-path and open-path gas analyzers. With parallel records from both
sensor types, we were able to apply a site-specific correction to open-path
fluxes. This correction is necessary due to a deterioration of data, caused
by heat generated by the electronics of open-path gas analyzers.
Parameterizing this correction for subperiods of distinct sensor setups
yielded good agreement between open- and closed-path fluxes. We compiled a
long-term (2002 to 2017) carbon dioxide flux time series that we additionally
gap-filled with a standardized approach. The data set was uploaded to the
Pangaea database and can be accessed through https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892751.
A segmentation approach for the reproducible extraction and quantification of knickpoints from river long profiles
Authors: Gailleton Boris , Mudd Simon M. , Clubb Fiona J. , Peifer Daniel , Hurst Martin D.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Changes in the steepness of river profiles or abrupt vertical
steps (i.e. waterfalls) are thought to be indicative of changes in erosion
rates, lithology or other factors that affect landscape evolution. These
changes are referred to as knickpoints or knickzones and are pervasive in
bedrock river systems. Such features are thought to reveal information about
landscape evolution and patterns of erosion, and therefore their locations
are often reported in the geomorphic literature. It is imperative that
studies reporting knickpoints and knickzones use a reproducible method of
quantifying their locations, as their number and spatial distribution play an
important role in interpreting tectonically active landscapes. In this
contribution we introduce a reproducible knickpoint and knickzone extraction
algorithm that uses river profiles transformed by integrating drainage area
along channel length (the so-called integral or χ method). The profile
is then statistically segmented and the differing slopes and step changes
in the
elevations of these segments are used to identify knickpoints, knickzones
and their relative magnitudes. The output locations of identified knickpoints
and knickzones compare favourably with human mapping: we test the method on
Santa Cruz Island, CA, using previously reported knickzones and also test the
method against a new dataset from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in
Brazil. The algorithm allows for the extraction of varying knickpoint morphologies,
including stepped, positive slope-break (concave upward) and negative
slope-break knickpoints. We identify parameters that most affect the
resulting knickpoint and knickzone locations and provide guidance for both
usage and outputs of the method to produce reproducible knickpoint datasets.
Spatially distributed sensitivity of simulated global groundwater
heads and flows to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge
and surface water body parameterization
Authors: Reinecke Robert , Foglia Laura , Mehl Steffen , Herman Jonathan D. , Wachholz Alexander , Trautmann Tim , Döll Petra
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In global hydrological models, groundwater storages and flows are generally simulated by linear reservoir models. Recently, the first global gradient-based groundwater models were developed in order to improve the representation of groundwater-surface water interactions, capillary rise, lateral flows and human water use impacts. However, the reliability of model outputs is limited by a lack of data as well as model assumptions required due to the necessarily coarse spatial resolution. The impact of data quality is presented by showing the sensitivity of a groundwater model to changes in the only available global hydraulic conductivity data-set. To better understand the sensitivity of model output to uncertain spatially distributed parameter inputs, we present the first application of a global sensitivity method for a global-scale groundwater model using nearly 2000 steady-state model runs of the global gradient-based groundwater model G3M. By applying the Morris method in a novel domain decomposition approach that identifies global hydrological response units, spatially distributed parameter sensitivities are determined for a computationally expensive model. Results indicate that globally simulated hydraulic heads are equally sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge and surface water body elevation, though parameter sensitivities vary regionally. For large areas of the globe, rivers are simulated to be either losing or gaining, depending on the parameter combination, indicating a high uncertainty of simulating the direction of flow between the two compartments. Mountainous and dry regions show a high variance in simulated head due to numerical difficulties of the model, limiting the reliability of computed sensitivities in these regions. This instability is likely caused by the uncertainty in surface water body elevation. We conclude that maps of spatially distributed sensitivities can help to understand complex behaviour of models that incorporate data with varying spatial uncertainties. The findings support the selection of possible calibration parameters and help to anticipate challenges for a transient coupling of the model.
Using R in hydrology: a review of recent developments and future
directions
Authors: Slater Louise J. , Thirel Guillaume , Harrigan Shaun , Delaigue Olivier , Hurley Alexander , Khouakhi Abdou , Prodoscimi Ilaria , Vitolo Claudia , Smith Katie
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The open-source programming language R has gained a central place in the hydrological sciences over the last decade, driven by the availability of diverse hydro-meteorological data archives and the development of open-source computational tools. The growth of R's usage in hydrology is reflected in the number of newly published hydrological packages, the strengthening of online user communities, and the popularity of training courses and events. In this paper, we explore the benefits and advantages of R's usage in hydrology, such as: the democratization of data science and numerical literacy, the enhancement of reproducible research and open science, the access to statistical tools, the ease of connecting R to and from other languages, and the support provided by a growing community. This paper provides an overview of important packages at every step of the hydrological workflow, from the retrieval of hydro-meteorological data, to spatial analysis and cartography, hydrological modelling, statistics, and the design of static and dynamic visualizations, presentations and documents. We discuss some of the challenges that arise when using R in hydrology and useful tools to overcome them, including the use of hydrological libraries, documentation and vignettes (long-form guides that illustrate how to use packages); the role of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs); and the challenges of Big Data and parallel computing in hydrology. Last, this paper provides a roadmap for R's future within hydrology, with R packages as a driver of progress in the hydrological sciences, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) providing new avenues for data acquisition and provision, enhanced teaching of hydrology in R, and the continued growth of the community via short courses and events.
Contribution of model parameter uncertainty to future hydrological projections
Authors: Zhang Qinghuan , Tang Qiuhong , Knowles John F. , Livneh Ben
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Hydrologic models have been applied to predict land surface water and energy budgets in mountainous watersheds that are characterized by complex geological features and climatic variability. A common practice is to calibrate the models and achieve the best performing parameter set according to historical observations, and then the calibrated model was used to do future projections. One drawback is that the influence of parameter uncertainty on model projections is not well discussed. In this study, we applied multiple objective functions to choose a group of best performing parameter sets to the Boulder Creek Watershed, USA to investigate how parameter uncertainties can propagate to future projections. We used 16 parameter sets that have similar performance in simulating streamflow amount and regime historically, and applied the same parameter sets to predict hydrologic variables including streamflow, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in two future phases (Phase 1 is 2040-2069 and Phase 2 is 2070-2099). The results show that variability due to parameter uncertainty was up to 10 % annually and 26 % monthly under future climate change scenarios, and the uncertainties are especially prominent during May to September. The different parameter sets can result to annual streamflow changes in opposite directions. The results indicate that a single parameter set may yield biased representation of hydrologic variability. It is necessary to consider multiple optimal parameter sets in applying hydrologic models for hydrological projections and water resources decision making.
A review and upgrade of the Lithospheric dynamics in context of the Seismo-electromagnetic Theory
Authors: Venegas-Aravena Patricio , Cordaro Enrique G. , Laroze David
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This publication highlights theoretical work that could explain four different empirical observations indicating a direct relationship between magnetic fields and earthquakes, which would allow the description of a causal mechanism prior to and during the occurrence of earthquakes. These theoretical calculations seek to elucidate the role of the magnetic field in different aspects of solid earth dynamics, with an interest in the study and comprehension of the physics that could generate earthquakes accompanied by simultaneous magnetic signals within the lithosphere. The Motion of Charged Edge Dislocations (MCD) model and its correlation with the magnetic field have been used in order to include the generation of electric currents. The electric currents resulting from stress variation in the lithosphere helps us to analyze the lithosphere as a critical system, before and after the occurrence of earthquakes, by using the concept of earthquake entropy. Where it is found that the non-existence of seismic and magnetic precursors could be interpreted as a violation to the second law of thermodynamics. In addition, the Seismic Moment and the Moment Magnitude of some great earthquakes are quite accurately calculated using the co-seismic magnetic field. The distance-dependent co-seismic magnetic field has been theorized for some of the largest recorded earthquakes. Finally, the frequency of oscillation of the Earth's magnetic field that could be associated with earthquakes is calculated and being consistent to the ultra-low frequency (ULF) signals that some authors propose in the so-called "LAIC Effect" (lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling).
Initial Results From a Field Campaign of Wake Steering Applied at a Commercial Wind Farm: Part 1
Authors: Fleming Paul , King Jennifer , Dykes Katherine , Simley Eric , Roadman Jason , Scholbrock Andrew , Murphy Patrick , Lundquist Julie K. , Moriarty Patrick , Fleming Katherine , van Dam Jeroen , Bay Christopher , Mudafort Rafael , Lopez Hector , Skopek Jason , Scott Michael , Ryan Brady , Guernsey Charles , Brake Dan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Wake steering is a form of wind farm control in which turbines use yaw offsets to affect wakes in order to yield an increase in total energy production. In this first phase of a study of wake steering at a commercial wind farm, two turbines implement a schedule of offsets. Results exploring the observed performance of wake steering are presented, as well as some first lessons learned. For two closely spaced turbines, an approximate 13 % increase in energy was measured on the downstream turbine over a 10° sector. Additionally, the increase of energy for the combined upstream/downstream pair was found to be in line with prior predictions. Finally, the influence of atmospheric stability over the results is explored.
COMPARAÇÃO MORFOANATÔMICA DE FOLHAS DE Campomanesia xanthorcapa O. Berg E Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk. (Myrtaceae) COMO CONTRIBUIÇÃO A FARMACOGNOSIA
Authors: SAIBERT Polyanna Cristina Simão , ROMAGNOLO Mariza Baron , ALBIERO Adriana Lenita Meyer
Published: February 2019

Campomanesia Ruiz & Pav. é um gênero bem delimitado dentro de Myrtaceae, porém o limite entre alguns táxons inferiores são problemáticos. Desse modo o presente trabalho teve como propósito investigar caracteres morfoanatômicos foliares de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O.Berg e C. guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk. Contribuindo para a disgnose das espécies. Amostras foram coletadas em um remanescente da Floresta Atlântica no Paraná e submetidas a análises morfológicas, anatômicas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e testes histoquímicos. Os resultados mostraram grande variação foliar em C. xanthocarpa possibilitando a divisão em sete morfotipos, sendo três destes muito próximos a C. guaviroba, que apresentou caracteres anatômicos constantes como células epidérmicas com formato isodiamétrico de paredes pouco sinuosas em ambas as faces, cavidades secretoras epidérmicas discretamente inseridas na face abaxial e uma camada de células coletoras entre os parênquimas paliçádico e lacunoso,  no mesofilo. A composição histoquímica também se mostrou similar com presença de compostos fenólicos, amido, lipídios e cristais no pecíolo e limbo. Embora C. xanthocarpa tenha apresentado grandes variações morfológicas e anatômicas, o padrão anatômico observado em C. guaviroba possui características que permitem separá-las.
EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE FARINHA DA CASCA DE MARACUJÁ (Passiflora edulis) NA ACEITABILIDADE DE PÃO.
Authors: DAMASCENO Carolina Sette Barbosa , SILVA Daiane Nascimento SILVA Nascimento , DAMASCENO Edmar Rocha , OLIVEIRA Letícia Freire de , PORTO Karla Rejane de Andrade , CANDIL Rosemarly Fernandes Mendes
Published: February 2019

O uso de fibras na composição de produtos de panificação tem motivado diversos estudos neste setor. Aliado a isso, o enriquecimento de alimentos através de subprodutos do processo industrial além de agregar valor ao produto, contribui para inclusão de nutrientes essenciais ao consumo humano.  Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi a elaboração de pão com incorporação de 5, 10 e 15% de farinha da casca de maracujá (FCM) e avaliar suas características físicas e sensoriais. A análise sensorial foi realizada de acordo com os métodos descritos no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, utilizando a escala hedônica de 9 pontos, e as análises físicas conforme procedimentos descritos no macro método 10-50 d da AACC. As amostras não diferiram significativamente p ≤ 0,05 nos atributos aroma, aparência e textura. Pães elaborados com 5 e 10% de FCM, foram os mais aceitáveis para os atributos analisados. Quanto a intenção de compra, foi positiva para o pão com menor percentual de FCM. Não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras analisadas na caracterização física. Dessa forma, a análise física e sensorial permite afirmar que o acréscimo de até 10% de FCM em pães é viável, sem afetar suas características físicas e sensoriais, constituindo-se, portanto, como produto alimentício fonte de fibras. Além disso, o uso da FCM contribui para redução de impactos ambientais causados por subprodutos agroindustriais.
ATIVIDADES BIOLÓGICAS DO AMIDO RESISTENTE E DE OUTROS OLIGOSSACARÍDEOS NÃO DIGERÍVEIS: UMA BREVE REVISÃO
Authors: RADUNZ Marjana , RIBAS Bruna Luiza Paulina , AREJANO Gabrielle Gaspar , CAMARGO Taiane Mota , HACKBART Helen Cristina dos Santos , RADUNZ André Luiz
Published: February 2019

Atualmente a população tem buscado uma alimentação mais saudável devido ao aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, entre os alimentos com atividades biológicas protetores se encontram o amido resistente e outros oligossacarídeos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma breve revisão sistemática utilizando bases de dados indexadas acerca dos benefícios do amido resistente e de outros oligossacarídeos não digeríveis sobre a saúde humana. Como resultado da breve revisão evidenciou-se que os oligossacarídeos não-digeríveis e o amido resistente apresentam diversos benefícios para a saúde, atuando principalmente sobre o funcionamento do trato gastrointestinal, sistema nervoso central, sistema imunológico, biodisponibilidade de nutrientes, prevenção do câncer colorretal e na redução dos níveis bioquímicos de glicose, triglicerídeos e colesterol.
AS ABORDAGENS ACERCA DA HISTÓRIA IBÉRICA MEDIEVAL EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS
Authors: Oliveira Fabiana De , Avelino Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2019

A presente reflexão é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho documental que visou estudar as abordagens da História Ibérica medieval em livros didáticos de História e sob essa perspectiva refletir sobre a diversidade cultural, étnica e religiosa. Dessa forma, pretende-se compatibilizar duas preocupações: trazer à luz a discussão do tema da diversidade em um período e espaço específicos, e investigar de que maneira esse tema está sendo abordado nas publicações didáticas. Buscou-se respodender a seguinte questão de pesquisa: considerando a diversidade cultural, étnica e religiosa da Península Ibérica Medieval, quais são as abordagens presentes nos livros didáticos de História, do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, aprovados no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio 2015-2017? Torna-se relevante conhecer como esses agentes são inseridos na História Ibérica, problematizando o livro didático como instrumento de apoio para a construção de propostas de ensino de História Ibérica. Os resultados encontrados nos levam a afirmar que os livros analisados denotam uma expressiva abertura no que se referem às discussões historiográficas contemporâneas quando dispõem de um espaço significativo ao período medieval, buscando desconstruir mitos e estereótipos.  Entretanto, no que se referem aos conteúdos sobre a Península Ibérica notou-se uma abordagem simplificada e correlacionada com o processo histórico de outras regiões da Europa como: a França, a Inglaterra e a Alemanha. Especificamente, sobre a diversidade cultural e religiosa, fruto das relações entre cristãos, muçulmanos e judeus no medievo ibérico, a menção se deu de maneira pontual no contexto da expansão islâmica.
DO COELHO ESPERTO À RATINHA CORAJOSA: REPRESENTAÇÕES DE GÊNERO NAS HISTÓRIAS INFANTIS DE BEATRIX POTTER.
Authors: Verona Stéfani Oliveira , Zechlinski Beatriz Polidori
Published: February 2019

Os contos de Beatrix Potter, publicados na Inglaterra, no início do século XX, podem ser interpretados através da análise das representações de gênero presentes na literatura, para que as tramas e as personagens possam revelar visões de mundo construídas pela autoria feminina e para maior compreensão das transformações sociais e culturais do período. Durante a análise ficou claro que existem contradições nas representações dos papéis de gênero elaboradas pela autora, já que as mulheres foram retratadas como mães que educavam seus filhos com disciplina e com autoridade, mas sempre dentro do lar. O orgulho masculino foi demonstrado em desafio a essas figuras mais velhas, especialmente através do descumprimento de ordens, e é possível que essas passagens retratem a aspiração da autora pela igualdade entre homens e mulheres, através de seu desejo de ser vista com a mesma consideração elevada aos homens. O papel das personagens femininas ficou amplamente concentrado no ambiente doméstico, sendo que deveriam dar o exemplo de bom comportamento, gentileza e educação. As personagens masculinas, no entanto, não tinham a mesma responsabilidade e suas travessuras eram sempre perdoadas. Algumas das protagonistas se arriscaram, mas a autora deixou claro que para isso acontecer, elas eram obrigadas a sair de suas zonas de conforto domésticas. Considerando os ideais de gênero do início do século XX, é possível concluir que os contos de Beatrix Potter representam uma crítica à sociedade inglesa da época, que colocava os homens sempre acima das mulheres e responsáveis por protegê-las e mantê-las.
CAROL RAMA, ENTRE A SEXUALIDADE, A LOUCURA E A DOR
Authors: Rago Margareth
Published: February 2019

Por longo tempo ignorada pelos críticos da arte, a produção artística de Carol Rama (1918- 2015) ganha destaque em exposições e nas interpretações feministas. Sobressaem, em sua obra, temas relacionados à sexualidade, à fantasia erótica, à lascívia na relação entre os gêneros, à masturbação masculina e à exposição sensualizada de corpos nus, associados à loucura e à perversão sexual. As reflexões e os operadores conceituais de Foucault permitem lançar um olhar mais aprofundado a essa produção artística transgressora e evidenciar a crítica contundente que a artista italiana lança ao dispositivo da sexualidade, ao biopoder e à ciência eugenista. Como bem mostrou o filósofo, em sua leitura crítica tanto da ciência médica quanto do cristianismo, desde o século XIX, os processos normalizadores se apoiaram em noções médico-psiquiátricas, como a de psychopatia sexualis, reatualizando narrativas misóginas sobre o pecado original e a figura de Eva, quase sempre acompanhada pela serpente. Exploro esses temas a partir da arte pictórica de Carol Rama, vista como prática da liberdade feminina.
A luta de Sísifo para a manutenção da filosofia no Ensino Médio.
Authors: Machado Alexsander , Nogueira Emerson , Fiori Luis Otávio M.
Published: February 2019

Dentre os problemas referentes à luta pela manutenção da filosofia como disciplina obrigatória no currículo do ensino médio está o de se compreender a complexidade das propostas em curso. É preciso desnudar algumas dessas propostas e reapresentá-las como falaciosas. Nesse sentido importa assumir um ponto de vista histórico e determinado: o ponto de vista dos que estão sendo prejudicados, dos estudantes secundaristas e dos licenciados em filosofia que tiveram seus interesses e seus sonhos arrancados ainda verdes do pé. Sonhos que serão lançados nas ―águas geladas do cálculo egoísta‖ e da racionalidade puramente técnica.
EM BUSCA DE (ALGO EM) COMUM
Authors: Maeso Benito Eduardo Araujo
Published: February 2019

Este artigo busca a análise de certas contradições que encontram-se presentes no debate político em geral e, de forma mais precisa, no campo dito progressista. Se, por um lado, os modelos clássicos da luta política, centrados na discussão de classes, parecem não dar conta da complexidade e da multiplicidade do momento atual, a captura das pautas culturais e identitárias pela lógica do capital abriu espaço para o fortalecimento do discurso individualista em detrimento do conjunto da sociedade. Porém, se o indivíduo não se reconhece mais como pertencente a grupos ou classes sociais, como seria possível estabelecer uma agenda comum que permitisse tanto o respeito às diferenças como a construção de fatores de união entre os diversos atores sociais, criando um campo de resistência ao avanço de discursos e práticas totalitárias ou intolerantes? Ainda que apenas em esboço, este é o foco deste trabalho.
A DISCIPLINA DE FILOSOFIA NO CONTEXTO DA POLÍTICA CURRICULAR NACIONAL BRASILEIRA PÓS 1990
Authors: Morello Ana Carolina Camargo , Horn Geraldo Balduíno , Arias Valéria
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo sistematiza e problematiza o sentido e a função do ensino de Filosofia no contexto das políticas públicas educacionais a partir da publicação da LDBEN 9394/96, explicitando as principais contradições existentes entre as intencionalidades expressas nas fundamentações, justificativas e concepções dos documentos oficiais e as ações que as traduzem no âmbito das instâncias político-administrativa e escolar, explicitando que as concepções utilizadas como justificativa das reformas educacionais em prol de uma suposta qualidade, ocultam a essência das relações de manutenção do poder hegemônico da sociedade capitalista e suas formas de (con)formação. Reafirma a necessidade não só da manutenção da Filosofia no Ensino Médio como também de seu tratamento didático-pedagógico que a considere como uma disciplina que possui especificidade metodológica, estatuto disciplinar próprio, conteúdos socialmente referendados, podendo contribuir com o processo de humanização e emancipação dos sujeitos.
CUIDADO DO SER EM FREIRE: DIMENSÃO ONTOLÓGICA DO SER MAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Soave Cláudia , Barbieri Simone Côrte Real , Da Rosa Geraldo Antonio
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a concepção da dimensão ontológica freireana pensada a partir de algumas relações da constituição subjetiva: primeiramente em sua relação com o cuidado do ser; e, posteriormente, como vocação ontológica do ser mais. A partir da obra Pedagogia da Autonomia foi possível identificar e interpretar as inter-relações presentes entre o cuidado do ser e sua dimensão ética. Transitando pela leitura exploratória das obras do autor Pedagogia do Oprimido, Educação como Prática da Liberdade e Ação Cultural para a Liberdade, percebemos a educação como condição necessária para o homem que se transforma, por sua ação reflexiva, e que quer vir a ser mais. Finalizaremos discutindo a educação como condição necessária para oportunizar a superação de uma posição passiva do estar objeto para uma postura de ser, responsável por sua própria existência.