bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
scDiffCom: a tool for differential analysis of cell–cell interactions provides a mouse atlas of aging changes in intercellular communication
Authors: Lagger Cyril , Ursu Eugen , Equey Anaïs , Avelar Roberto A. , Pisco Angela Oliveira , Tacutu Robi , de Magalhães João Pedro
Published: November 2023

Dysregulation of intercellular communication is a hallmark of aging. To better quantify and explore changes in intercellular communication, we present scDiffCom and scAgeCom. scDiffCom is an R package, relying on approximately 5,000 curated ligand–receptor interactions, that performs differential intercellular communication analysis between two conditions from single-cell transcriptomics data. Built upon scDiffCom, scAgeCom is an atlas of age-related cell–cell communication changes covering 23 mouse tissues from 58 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from Tabula Muris Senis and the Calico murine aging cell atlas. It offers a comprehensive resource of tissue-specific and sex-specific aging dysregulations and highlights age-related intercellular communication changes widespread across the whole body, such as the upregulation of immune system processes and inflammation, the downregulation of developmental processes, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix organization and the deregulation of lipid metabolism. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of the specific ligands, receptors and cell types regulating these processes. The atlas is available online (https://scagecom.org).
Identification of cancer driver mutations in liquid-based cytology samples for the screening of endometrial diseases
Authors: Matsuura Motoki , Takane Kiyoko , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Ikenoue Tsuneo , Hatakeyama Seira , Kurokawa Shoko , Tamate Masato , Akimoto Taishi , Iwasaki Masahiro , Sugita Shintaro , Hasegawa Tadashi , Ota Yasunori , Saito Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Yoichi
Published: November 2023

Background

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women and early detection is crucial for its successful treatment. We previously showed that cytological examination combined with genetic analysis using liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples improved the diagnostic sensitivity of EC.

Methods

Among 218 individuals who underwent endometrial screening by LBC, 208 samples were analysed by cancer-panel sequencing. Excluding 13 samples with low sequence coverage, we further analysed 195 samples.

Results

Among the 195 women analysed, 39 and 15 were eventually shown to suffer from malignant endometrial and non-endometrial neoplasms, respectively. Driver mutation(s) were found in nine of the 15 cytology-negative patients with endometrial malignancy, corroborating that combination of cytological and genetic analyses should increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis of malignant endometrial neoplasms. Importantly, driver alterations were found in 32 of 125 women without malignant or premalignant diseases, which raises caution for the interpretation of genetic alterations detected in the endometrial samples. Comparison between the driver mutations in the 32 subjects and those in the 29 endometrial malignancies unveiled that the number of mutations and mutations in PTEN, CTNNB1, and TP53 may be applied for the assessment and prediction of development of EC.

Conclusions

The genetic analysis combined with liquid-based cytology is useful to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of endometrial neoplasms. However, caution must be taken when cancer-associated mutation(s) are detected in the genetic analysis. Further investigation may clarify the risk of malignant endometrial neoplasms in women with driver mutation(s).
Design of biodegradable polyurethanes and post-modification with long alkyl chains via inhibiting biofilm formation and killing drug-resistant bacteria for the treatment of wound bacterial infection
Authors: Gu Wenhao , Ren Zhe , Han Jie , Zhang Xue , Zhu Binghua , Yan Zheng , Xiao Haihua , Wei Qiuhua
Published: November 2023

Biodegradable polyurethanes with tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts exhibit potent antibacterial activity against bacteria.
Rhodium-catalyzed divergent dehydroxylation/alkenylation of hydroxyisoindolinones with vinylene carbonate
Authors: Nan Jiang , Liang Lu
Published: November 2023

A novel organic transformation involving rhodium-catalyzed divergent dehydroxylation/alkenylation of hydroxyisoindolinone with vinylene carbonate is reported, and the promising vinylene carbonate reagent presents a distinct chemical reactivity as a vinyl-oxygen cyclic synthon.
Identifying the acidic or basic behavior of surface water: a QM/MM-MD study
Authors: Rashid Md Al Mamunur , Rahman Mofizur , Acter Thamina , Uddin Nizam
Published: November 2023

QM/MD simulations on water surface model systems were performed. The hydronium ion shows strong preference on water surface. The hydroxide ion does not display surface-liking behavior. Anisotropic dipole orientation at the water surface generates negative surface charges.
Probing the dynamic behaviour and magnetic identification of seven coordinated Mn(ii) complexes: a combined AIMD and multi-reference approach
Authors: Keot Niharika , Sarma Manabendra
Published: November 2023

We present an in-depth solution phase dynamics of rare seven coordinated pentagonal bipyramidal Mn(ii) complexes, including their magnetic characterization anticipated using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and multi-reference approach.
Anomalous lateral diffusion of lipids during the fluid/gel phase transition of a lipid membrane
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Daschakraborty Snehasis
Published: November 2023

Fickian yet non-Gaussian diffusion of lipid is observed in lipid membrane during the fluid/gel phase transition point where both the phases coexist.
Simple droplet microfluidics platform for drug screening on cancer spheroids
Authors: Parent Caroline , Raj Melayil Kiran , Zhou Ya , Aubert Vivian , Surdez Didier , Delattre Olivier , Wilhelm Claire , Viovy Jean-Louis
Published: November 2023

A novel microfluidics platform is introduced for generating tumoroids in droplets, enabling effective drug screening of chemotherapies on both cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts.
(Mg,Mn)-dual doping synergism towards luminescence and electrical properties of ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes
Authors: V. S. Ganesha Krishna , M. G. Mahesha
Published: November 2023

Preparation of a MnMg:ZnO thin film device.
Direct re-lithiation strategy for spent lithium iron phosphate battery in Li-based eutectic using organic reducing agents
Authors: Yingnakorn Tanongsak , Hartley Jennifer , Terreblanche Jason S. , Lei Chunhong , Dose Wesley M. , Abbott Andrew P.
Published: November 2023

Spent LiFePO4 cathode materials were delaminated by immersion in water and re-lithiated via reduction using hydroquinone in a lithium acetate DES at room temperature without special safety considerations.
Understanding the complex electronic structure of Mg3Sb2 and the effect of alloying through first-principles tight-binding models
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Halet Jean-François , Mori Takao
Published: November 2023

The complex chemical bonding in Mg3Sb2 includes interactions beyond the Mg s–Sb p ones, as revealed by first-principles tight-binding analysis.
Synergistic effect of lattice, electronic and magnetic modulations on the thermoelectric behaviour of Cr-substituted La0.65Bi0.20Sr0.15CoO3
Authors: Dubey Divya Prakash , Majee M. K. , Umetsu Rie Y. , Khovaylo V. , Chatterjee Ratnamala
Published: November 2023

A large negative magnetoresistance in LBSCCrxO can be used as an effective scheme for magnetically tuned thermoelectricity at low temperatures. The field induced increment in thermoelectric efficiency (ΔZT) is observed to be ∼500% at 50 K for Cr-25.
Toward color variation of long persistent luminescence in Pr3+-doped garnet transparent ceramic phosphors
Authors: Du Qiping , Ueda Jumpei , Tanabe Setsuhisa
Published: November 2023

Pr3+-doped garnet transparent ceramics for night-vision illumination applications, exhibiting distinct persistent luminescence colors via various relaxation processes, have been successfully prepared for the first time.
Targeting bacterial degradation machinery as an antibacterial strategy
Authors: Petkov Radoslav , Camp Amy H. , Isaacson Rivka L. , Torpey James H.
Published: November 2023

The exploitation of a cell's natural degradation machinery for therapeutic purposes is an exciting research area in its infancy with respect to bacteria. Here, we review current strategies targeting the ClpCP system, which is a proteolytic degradation complex essential in the biology of many bacterial species of scientific interest. Strategies include using natural product antibiotics or acyldepsipeptides to initiate the up- or down-regulation of ClpCP activity. We also examine exciting recent forays into BacPROTACs to trigger the degradation of specific proteins of interest through the hijacking of the ClpCP machinery. These strategies represent an important emerging avenue for combatting antimicrobial resistance.
Fuel calorific value control process analysis and research based on IGCC power plant
Authors: Ding Jianbo , Chen Zhi , Tao Jiye
Published: November 2023

The stability of the equipment has been more and more important with the continuous development of IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) technology. The control of the calorific value of the fuel gas of the gas turbine is one of the most important factors for the stable operation of the gas turbine. There are many variables in the calorific value of IGCC fuels that will cause unstable fuel combustion conditions and low thermal efficiency. In terms of process equipment, process conditions, instrument control calculation, and logic adjustment, this paper studies the automatic adjustment system of the calorific value of syngas for IGCC gas turbine fuel. The calorific value of the syngas can be automatically adjusted under different working conditions of the gas turbine. It helps the stable combustion of the gas turbine to form a perfect, efficient, reliable calorific value control system.
Elastografie von Schilddrüsenknoten
Authors: Petersen Manuela , Klemenz Burkhard , Schenke Simone A.
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund Die Elastografie ist eine bildgebende Methode, um die Elastizität von Gewebe zu untersuchen. Inzwischen wurden verschiedene Elastografie-Verfahren entwickelt, die nach der Art des angewandten Stimulus unterteilt werden. Prinzipiell ist zwischen der Strain-Elastografie (SE) und Scherwellen-Elastografie (SWE) zu unterscheiden. Beide Methoden bieten neben der konventionellen B-Mode-Sonografie eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Beurteilung von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen.

Ziel der Arbeit Es soll ein Überblick über die Elastografie-Verfahren einschließlich der physikalischen Grundlagen vermittelt werden sowie ihre Bedeutung im Abklärungsalgorithmus von Schilddrüsenknoten.

Material und Methoden Internationale Leitlinien sowie aktuelle Arbeiten zur Elastografie wurden selektiv recherchiert.

Ergebnisse Die Elastografie liefert zusätzliche Informationen gegenüber der konventionellen B-Mode-Sonografie. Der wesentliche physikalische Mechanismus, dem der Gewebekontrast in allen Elastogrammen zugrunde liegt, ist die Änderung der Schersteifigkeit. Neben der qualitativen Erfassung der Elastizität in der SE ist mit der SWE eine Quantifizierung möglich. In der internationalen Literatur wurde die Elastografie als einzelne Methode oder im Vergleich bzw. in Kombination zur konventionellen B-Mode-Sonografie und insbesondere mit der Standardisierung mittels eines Risikostratifizierungssystems (RSS, TIRADS) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten sich durchaus kontrovers. Bei Knoten mit unklaren Befunden der Feinnadelbiopsie (Bethesda III/IV) führte die Kombination aus morphologischen Kriterien und Elastografie zu einer Verbesserung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit. Insbesondere der hohe negative prädiktive Wert weicher Knoten stellt einen relevanten Mehrwert dar. Diese Stärke der Methode kann bei der Abklärung von Knoten mit mittlerem Malignomrisiko oder von unklaren FNB-Ergebnissen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Elastografie wurde bisher nur in das (überwiegend durch das EU-TIRADS abgelöste) French-TIRADS integriert. Obwohl das Verfahren im EU-TIRADS als Komplementärmethode Erwähnung findet, wurde eine Integration nicht beschrieben. Limitationen des Verfahrens sind idealisierte Grundannahmen, Hersteller- und Untersucherabhängigkeit sowie Artefakte.

Schlussfolgerung Die Elastografie kann bei der Beurteilung von Schilddrüsenknoten die standardisierten Diagnostikverfahren sinnvoll ergänzen, insbesondere bei Knoten mit mittlerem Malignomrisiko und unklaren Ergebnissen in der Feinnadelpunktion.
Private Equity and Radiology: Productive Partnership or Inherently Misaligned?
Authors: Balesh Elie , Hund Hannah , Keller Eric J.
Published: November 2023

Private equity acquisition of medical groups and health care organizations is becoming increasingly important in medicine and is a trend that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Some question the ethical implications of private equity acquisitions, since the clear goal of such organizations is maximizing profitability, which may or may not be in the best interests of either the patient population or the provider group. This article will describe the role of private equity in the medical marketplace, with a focus on the role of private equity in radiology and interventional radiology specifically. Additionally, this article will explore this growing trend in the radiology marketplace and its anticipated effects upon patient care and professional satisfaction for radiologists.
Health Services Research: A Review for the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Marchak Katherine , Malavia Mira , Trivedi Premal S.
Published: November 2023

Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field which studies access to drivers of health care service utilization, the quality and cost of services, and their outcomes on groups of patients. Since its foundations in the 1960s, there has been a large focus on HSR and using large data sets to study real-world care. Because interventional radiology (IR) is a dynamic field with foundations in innovation, research often focuses on small-scale projects. This review will discuss HSR including data sources, focus areas, methodologies, limitations, and opportunities for future directions in IR.
An evolution of the Global Container Shipping Network: port connectivity and trading community structure (2011–2017)
Authors: Jarumaneeroj Pisit , Barnett Lawton Jorge , Svindland Morten
Published: November 2023

Port connectivity and trading community structure are two fundamental network characteristics that complement one another in explaining the evolution of maritime transport networks. Although port connectivity has been widely studied in the literature, the investigations on trading community structures are rather limited. To better fill this gap, this paper aims to provide a more complete picture of the Global Container Shipping Network (GCSN)’s evolution, based on our earlier works in MEL. In doing so, the GCSN, representing a snapshot of trade at the end of each quarter, from Q3/2011 to Q3/2017, is first constructed. The connectivity of ports and their respective trading communities are then extracted by the Container Port Connectivity Index and the Louvain algorithm, respectively. With our proposed framework, related players would be able to understand the growth of GCSN, as well as the impacts of maritime occurrences on the network of container shipping. Our computational results indicate that port connectivity and trading community structure gradually evolve according to the economic conditions that change over time and the evolution of GCSN could be well explained by these two explanatory variables. In this regard, ports in East Asia consistently dominate others in terms of both inbound and outbound connectivity, led by Shanghai and other major ports of mainland China. Furthermore, the formation of trading communities largely depends on trading patterns—rather than geographical locations—which is evident from the insolvency and mergers of communities in the North American region right after the expansion of the Panama Canal in 2016.
Illuminating synchronization behaviors in schooling fish
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2023

Fish swimming in pairs synchronize their tailbeats to take advantage of wake vortices and save energy.
Kinetic equations for two-photon light in random media
Authors: Kraisler Joseph , Schotland John C.
Published: November 2023

We consider the propagation of light in a random medium of two-level atoms. We investigate the dynamics of the field and atomic probability amplitudes for a two-photon state and show that at long times and large distances, the corresponding average probability densities can be determined from the solutions to a system of kinetic equations.
On the motion of a pendulum with a cavity filled with a compressible fluid
Authors: Galdi G. P. , Mácha V. , Nečasová Š. , She B.
Published: November 2023

We study the motion of the coupled system, S, constituted by a physical pendulum, B, with an interior cavity entirely filled with a viscous, compressible fluid, F. The system is constrained to rotate about a horizontal axis. The presence of the fluid may strongly affect the motion of B. In fact, we prove that, under appropriate assumptions, the fluid acts as a damper, namely, S must eventually reach a rest-state. Such a state is characterized by a suitable time-independent density distribution of F and a corresponding equilibrium position of the center of mass of S. These results are proved in the very general class of weak solutions and do not require any restriction on the initial data, other than having a finite energy. We complement our findings with some numerical tests. The latter show, among other things, the interesting property that “large” compressibility favors the damping effect, since it drastically reduces the time that S takes to go to rest.
Multi-scale dynamics of the interaction between waves and mean flows: From nonlinear WKB theory to gravity-wave parameterizations in weather and climate models
Authors: Achatz U. , Kim Y.-H. , Voelker G. S.
Published: November 2023

The interaction between small-scale waves and a larger-scale flow can be described by a multi-scale theory that forms the basis for a new class of parameterizations of subgrid-scale gravity waves (GW) in weather and climate models. The development of this theory is reviewed here. It applies to all interesting regimes of atmospheric stratification, i.e., also to moderately strong stratification as occurring in the middle atmosphere, and thereby extends classic assumption for the derivation of quasi-geostrophic theory. At strong wave amplitudes a fully nonlinear theory arises that is complemented by a quasilinear theory for weak GW amplitude. The latter allows the extension to a spectral description that forms the basis of numerical implementations that avoid instabilities due to caustics, e.g., from GW reflection. Conservation properties are discussed, for energy and potential vorticity, as well as conditions under which a GW impact on the larger-scale flow is possible. The numerical implementation of the theory for GW parameterizations in atmospheric models is described, and the consequences of the approach are discussed, as compared to classic GW parameterizations. Although more costly than the latter, it exhibits significantly enhanced realism, while being considerably more efficient than an approach where all relevant GWs are to be resolved. The reported theory and its implementation might be of interest also for the efficient and conceptually insightful description of other wave-mean interactions, including those where the formation of caustics presents a special challenge.
Hydromechanical behavior analysis of fractured vuggy carbonate rocks based on homogenization theory
Authors: Huang Zhaoqin , Liu Zijian , Yao Jun , Wang Qi , Wu Yu-Shu
Published: November 2023

Fractured vuggy carbonate rocks are important for underground water and geo-energy reservoirs due to their significant contribution on water and hydrocarbon reserves and production. A vug is a small cavity in a carbonate rock, which is relatively larger than the intergranular pore space. The presence of multiscale fractures and vugs makes the hydromechanical behavior of rocks different from that of most geological materials. The objective of this work is to develop an upscaling method to analyze the hydromechanical behavior of fractured vuggy carbonate rocks based on homogenization theory. To this end, at first a novel conceptual model named discrete fracture-vug network (DFVN) model was proposed to describe the hydromechanical behavior on the fine scale. The matrix and fractures are poroelastic domains in which Biot equations are applied. The vugs are free fluid domains governed by Stokes equations. Two domains are coupled with extended Beavers–Joseph–Saffman interface conditions. Then, an upscaled hydromechanical model was developed via two-scale asymptotic homogenization. The model consistent with classical Biot equations, but the model coefficients possess explicit formulations which can be determined by three periodicity cell problems. Subsequently, efficient numerical solutions of cell problems are provided using finite element methods. Herein, the discrete fractures are modeled as lower-dimensional interfaces between matrix elements. The proposed model and method are verified through several numerical examples and experimental data. The results show that the storage coefficient and Biot coefficient increase with the presence of fractures and vugs. The equivalent elastic stiffness of a fractured vuggy rock is majorly affected by the vugs' volume ratio. The connectivity of DFVN has an important impact on the equivalent permeability.
Research on gas–liquid separation characteristics in the helico-axial multiphase pump
Authors: Quan Hui , Sun Jun , Li Yanan , Liu Xiaoyi , Li Jiayi , Su Houde
Published: November 2023

Due to the fact that it serves as both a pump and a compressor, the helico-axial multiphase pump is better suited for mixed-transport oil-gas two-phase flow and is frequently used for deep-sea oil extraction. The gas–liquid separation caused by the asynchrony of the gas–liquid two-phase medium is the primary cause of the damage or failure of the helico-axial multiphase pump in the project, resulting in the pump's damage or inability to operate. To investigate the variation of phase separation in the helico-axial multiphase pump under diverse operating conditions, a test system was designed and the theory of fluid flow mechanics was applied. The effects of different flow fields on the energy conversion characteristics of the pump were investigated. The results indicate that the gas–liquid separation position in the impeller occurs near the 2/3 of the airfoil bone line. After the gas–liquid separation, gas mass will be formed, pocket flow will be readily induced, and the gas block-up phenomenon will result in energy loss in the compression unit. Simulations indicate that the static pressure recovery and total pressure loss in a diffuser fluctuate over time. The static pressure recovery efficacy of the diffuser is highest when the imported gas volume fraction is 10% and lowest when the imported gas volume fraction is 60%. On the surface of the impeller blade, perpendicular to the flow direction, the separation phenomenon near the hub side is more severe than that near the rim. Along the flow direction, the pattern of phase separation is comparable.
Numerical study on jet-wake flow and its evolution in a centrifugal pump with alternating stall
Authors: Liu Benqing , Yang Wei , Cheng Li , Huang Xianbei , Jiao Weixuan
Published: November 2023

Stall and jet-wake flow are two typical forms of unstable flow phenomena in centrifugal pumps, significantly affecting their stability. This paper investigates the interaction mechanisms between stall and jet-wake flow in a centrifugal impeller under different working conditions. The unsteady numerical study utilizes the partially averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) model with a new dynamic fk expression derived from the rotation-corrected energy spectrum. The results reveal four stages in the flow field evolution of the centrifugal pump under different working conditions. In stage I, no stall vortices are present, and the jet-wake flow occurs. The velocity distribution at the impeller outlet depends on the pressure difference distribution between the pressure and suction sides within the flow passage. As the flow rate decreases, the pressure difference between the two sides increases, intensifying the jet-wake phenomenon. Under part-load conditions (stages II, III, and IV), the presence of stall vortices becomes the main factor affecting the jet-wake flow. These stall vortices influence the local and downstream flow fields, thus altering the distribution of the jet-wake. When the stall vortex is on the pressure side, it reduces the velocity near the pressure side, weakening the intensity of the jet-wake. On the other hand, when the stall vortex is on the suction side, it reduces the velocity near the suction side, enhancing the intensity of the jet-wake.
Variational field theory of macroscopic forces in coulomb fluids
Authors: Budkov Yury A. , Brandyshev Petr E.
Published: November 2023

Based on the variational field theory framework, we extend our previous mean-field formalism [Y. A. Budkov and A. L. Kolesnikov, JStatMech 2022, 053205.2022], taking into account the electrostatic correlations of the ions. We employ a general covariant approach and derive a total stress tensor that considers the electrostatic correlations of ions. This is accomplished through an additional term that depends on the autocorrelation function of the local electric field fluctuations. Utilizing the derived total stress tensor and applying the mechanical equilibrium condition, we establish a general expression for the disjoining pressure of the Coulomb fluids, confined in a pore with a slit-like geometry. Using this equation, we derive an asymptotic expression for the disjoining pressure in a slit-like pore with non-electrified conductive walls. Present theory is the basis for future modeling of the mechanical stresses that occur in electrode pores with conductive charged walls, immersed in liquid phase electrolytes beyond the mean-field theory.
Fantastical excited state optimized structures and where to find them
Authors: Talbot Justin J. , Arias-Martinez Juan E. , Cotton Stephen J. , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: November 2023

The quantum chemistry community has developed analytic forces for approximate electronic excited states to enable walking on excited state potential energy surfaces (PES). One can thereby computationally characterize excited state minima and saddle points. Always implicit in using this machinery is the fact that an excited state PES only exists within the realm of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, where the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom separate. This work demonstrates through ab initio calculations and simple nonadiabatic dynamics that some excited state minimum structures are fantastical: they appear to exist as stable configurations only as a consequence of the PES construct, rather than being physically observable. Each fantastical structure exhibits an unphysically high predicted harmonic frequency and associated force constant. This fact can serve as a valuable diagnostic of when an optimized excited state structure is non-observable. The origin of this phenomenon can be attributed to the coupling between different electronic states. As PESs approach one another, the upper surface can form a minimum that is very close to a near-touching point. The force constant, evaluated at this minimum, relates to the strength of the electronic coupling rather than to any characteristic excited state vibration. Nonadiabatic dynamics results using a Landau-Zener model illustrate that fantastical excited state structures have extremely short lifetimes on the order of a few femtoseconds. Their appearance in a calculation signals the presence of a nearby conical intersection through which the system will rapidly cross to a lower surface.
A physics-informed deep learning closure for Lagrangian velocity gradient evolution
Authors: Liu Bo , Wan Zhen-Hua , Lu Xi-Yun , Liu Luo-Qin
Published: November 2023

The pressure Hessian tensor is entangled with the inherent nonlinearity and nonlocality of turbulence; thus, it is of crucial importance in modeling the Lagrangian evolution of the velocity gradient tensor (VGT). In the present study, we introduce the functional modeling strategy into the classic structural modeling strategy to model the pressure Hessian tensor based on deep neural networks (DNNs). The pressure Hessian tensor and its contributions to the VGT evolution are set as, respectively, the structural and functional learning targets. An a priori test shows that the present DNN-based model accurately establishes the mapping from the VGT to the pressure Hessian tensor and adequately models the physical effect of the pressure Hessian tensor on VGT invariants. An a posteriori test verifies that the present model reproduces well the principal features of turbulence-like skewness and vorticity strain-rate alignments obtained via direct numerical simulations. Importantly, the flow topology is accurately predicted, particularly for the strain-production-dominant regions in the invariant space. Moreover, an extrapolation test shows the generalization ability of the present model to higher Reynolds number flows that have not been trained.
Inductively coupled plasma light source driven by an all solid-state pulsed power system
Authors: Reisman D. B. , Arcaro D. J. , Niell F.
Published: November 2023

We describe the development of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source using a discharged produced plasma. The source uses a xenon plasma in a Z-pinch configuration to produce 13.5 nm ± 1% bandwidth radiation. The source is used in the semiconductor industry for metrology, mask inspection, and resist development. Based on the previously developed inductively coupled Z-pinch design, this improved source uses an innovative transistor-based switching system that overcomes the limitations of traditional magnetically switched systems. With this configuration, which includes a pre-ionization stage and direct xenon fueling, both repetition rate and energy per pulse can be greatly increased. Consequently, EUV radiation output, measured in brightness or power, can be also be increased. We describe the driver for this system and the resulting performance.
From classical to cosmopolitan
Authors: George Anna
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the unique challenges a translator would have when translating a text from a postcolonial
country, especially one that has significance amongst the language speakers, such as Cilapattikaram. This paper compares three
English translations of Cilapattikaram, a centuries-old Tamil poem that has an undeniable significance among the Tamil-speaking
population. By analyzing three English translations of Cilapattikaram, done in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1990s, respectively, the
paper examines how translation situated in the political space of decolonization and regional identity affects the text for a
better understanding of the dilemmas of the translator and the effect of translation has on the meanings of the text.
Geist – Gehirn – Mythos
Authors: Jeck Udo Reinhold
Published: November 2023

Greek mythology developed ideas about the mythical birth of Athena from the head of Zeus in enigmatic allusions.
Hephaestus performed the obstetrics. This cryptic mythologem, an imaginative structure of strange shape, contains a message from
archaic Greece of unfathomable depth and furthermore has an extensive history of influence. After introductory remarks, the first
part (A) of this paper contains a collection of the most important written sources that convey basic elements of the birth myth of
Athena. Its allegorical interpretation was initially undertaken by Stoic philosophers. Therefore, the second part (B) first
reconstructs the integration and transformation of traditional myths into Stoic philosophy. Because the Stoics used basic aspects
of their psychology for this purpose, investigations into Stoic psychology and localisation theory follow in the third part (C).
Chrysippus used these constructions for an allegorical interpretation of the birth myth of Athena. Therefore, the fourth part (D)
analyses his exegesis of this mythologem, about which extensive information is available, and subsequently Galen’s criticism of
it. The famous philosophising physician moreover developed his own allegorical interpretation of the birth myth of Athena, drawing
on his wealth of knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the brain. The analysis of some significant statements on the
‘cerebral birth of Athena’ then follows in the fifth and last part (E). Documents from late antique literature, from Byzantine
exegetes of Homer, comments from early medieval writers, the reflection of a modern brain anatomist and interpretations of this
myth from the 19th century are discussed. An outlook with information on interdisciplinary brain research concludes the study.
On Thomas de Clivis Sen. and some other late medieval arts masters in
Paris, Prague, and Vienna
Authors: Berger Harald
Published: November 2023

This paper presents new results regarding six Arts Masters of
the Late Middle Ages. First of all, a new search target for the lost work
Logica of Thomas of Cleves is suggested: a question
commentary on Peter of Spain should be searched for. Second, recent research has
shown that John of Hokelem is a prolific author: further findings are added
here. A third notable magister artium Parisiensis of the late
14th century is Christian of Ackoy: in addition to his known works, some new
findings are discussed as possible or even probable works by him. Finally, the
bibliography of an important magister artium Pragensis, Helmold
of Salzwedel, as well as that of two Viennese Arts Masters, Conrad Seglauer and
John Gossolt, is improved. In this way, the paper offers new insights into the
manuscript tradition of late medieval philosophy and provides some corrections
to the standard literature (C. H. Lohr, M. Markowski, and others).
The role of multimodality and intertextuality in accentuating humor in Algerian Hirak’s
posters
Authors: Al-Ali Mohammed Nahar , Djelloul Badra Hadj
Published: November 2023

This study investigates how the interaction between multimodal modes and intertextual resources accentuates humor
functions. Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar (2006) was adopted to analyze a set
of sixty humorous online posters of Hirak’s movements. The results revealed that humor was generated from the
purposeful interplay of various semiotic modes and the reproduction and recontextualization of shared socio-cultural and political
resources. The protesters utilized cartoon characters, religious discourse, folk traditions, and cultural mundane to represent the
authority’s members humorously as lawbreakers, prisoners, robbers, and gangsters. This humorous exposition has placed the
authority members outside the Algerian societal in-group boundaries. In contrast, such a device has enhanced conformity among the
protesters and exhibited their superiority over the ruling outer group. We hope such an investigation will pave the grounds for
further studies and provide insights into multimodal discourse analysis.
The case for broader copulas
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: November 2023

Discovering, comparing, and contrasting natural kinds is critical for scientific progress. It should be the goal
of linguistic inquiry to seek out natural kinds within and between languages. Unfortunately, the most common definition of a
copula is consistently inadequate for categorizing and comparing the data in cross-linguistic research on this topic. The
categories of pseudo-copula and semi-copula have been offered to account for constructions which resemble the copular relationship
between subject and complement, though with added meaning in that relationship. I will argue that copulas, defined more broadly,
function in diverse ways cross-linguistically to instantiate the alterable feature-driven relationship between subject and
complement. This article presents a gradient view of copulas based on a set of binary featural parameters with which a language
may represent with one or more copulas. A formal description of this phenomena is also offered within in the framework of
Distributed Morphology, building on Wilson (2020).
The translator’s imperial experience and the dual role of translation
Authors: Liu Rui
Published: November 2023

The present research, which focuses on the rarely examined dynamic reception process, aims to extend and enrich the current discussion of the role of translation in colonial and postcolonial history. Based on a case study of George Jamieson’s English translation of the Qing Code, this study examines how this translation operates in Hong Kong courts, paying special attention to judges and expert witnesses, who interact closely with Jamieson’s work. The cooperative and competing relationship between experts and Jamieson’s translation sheds light on the centrality of the translator’s imperial experience, highlighting both the colonizing and decolonizing roles of the translation. Moreover, the findings illustrate that Jamieson’s imperial experience facilitates the court’s acceptance, on the one hand, while making his translation obsolete and subject to challenges from experts, on the other.
Super-resolution microscopy: Insights into mitochondria–lysosome crosstalk in health and disease
Authors: Leisten Eric D. , Woods Abby C. , Wong Yvette C.
Published: November 2023

Live super-resolution microscopy has allowed for new insights into recently identified mitochondria–lysosome contact sites, which mediate crosstalk between mitochondria and lysosomes, including co-regulation of Rab7 GTP hydrolysis and Drp1 GTP hydrolysis. Here, we highlight recent findings and future perspectives on this dynamic pathway and its roles in health and disease.
Dynamic mode decomposition for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modeling of E × B plasmas: I. Extraction of spatiotemporally coherent patterns
Authors: Faraji F , Reza M , Knoll A , Kutz J N
Published: November 2023

The advent of data-driven/machine-learning based methods and the increase in data available from high-fidelity simulations and experiments has opened new pathways toward realizing reduced-order models for plasma systems that can aid in explaining the complex, multi-dimensional phenomena and enable forecasting and prediction of the systems’ behavior. In this two-part article, we evaluate the utility and the generalizability of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modeling of plasma dynamics in cross-field E × B configurations. The DMD algorithm is an interpretable data-driven method that finds a best-fit linear model describing the time evolution of spatiotemporally coherent structures (patterns) in data. We have applied the DMD to extensive high-fidelity datasets generated using a particle-in-cell (PIC) code based on the cost-efficient reduced-order PIC scheme. In this part, we first provide an overview of the concept of DMD and its underpinning proper orthogonal and singular value decomposition methods. Two of the main DMD variants are next introduced. We then present and discuss the results of the DMD application in terms of the identification and extraction of the dominant spatiotemporal modes from high-fidelity data over a range of simulation conditions. We demonstrate that the DMD variant based on variable projection optimization (OPT-DMD) outperforms the basic DMD method in identification of the modes underlying the data, leading to notably more reliable reconstruction of the ground-truth. Furthermore, we show in multiple test cases that the discrete frequency spectrum of OPT-DMD-extracted modes is consistent with the temporal spectrum from the fast Fourier transform of the data. This observation implies that the OPT-DMD augments the conventional spectral analyses by being able to uniquely reveal the spatial structure of the dominant modes in the frequency spectra, thus, yielding more accessible, comprehensive information on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the plasma phenomena.
Dynamic mode decomposition for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modeling of E × B plasmas: II. Dynamics forecasting
Authors: Faraji F , Reza M , Knoll A , Kutz J N
Published: November 2023

In part I of the article, we demonstrated that a variant of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm based on variable projection optimization, called optimized DMD (OPT-DMD), enables a robust identification of the dominant spatiotemporally coherent modes underlying the data across various test cases representing different physical parameters in an E × B simulation configuration. We emphasized that the OPT-DMD significantly improves the analysis of complex plasma processes, revealing information that cannot be derived using conventionally employed analyses such as the fast Fourier transform. As the OPT-DMD can be constrained to produce stable reduced-order models (ROMs) by construction, in this paper, we extend the application of the OPT-DMD and investigate the capabilities of the linear ROM from this algorithm toward forecasting in time of the plasma dynamics in configurations representative of the radial-azimuthal and axial-azimuthal cross-sections of a Hall thruster and over a range of simulation parameters in each test case. The predictive capacity of the OPT-DMD ROM is assessed primarily in terms of short-term dynamics forecast or, in other words, for large ratios of training-to-test data. However, the utility of the ROM for long-term dynamics forecasting is also presented for an example case in the radial-azimuthal configuration. The model’s predictive performance is heterogeneous across various test cases. Nonetheless, a remarkable predictiveness is observed in the test cases that do not exhibit highly transient behaviors. Moreover, in all investigated cases, the error between the ground-truth and the reconstructed data from the OPT-DMD ROM remains bounded over time within both the training and the test window. As a result, despite its limitation in terms of generalized applicability to all plasma conditions, the OPT-DMD is proven as a reliable method to develop low computational cost and highly predictive data-driven ROMs in systems with a quasi-periodic global evolution of the plasma state.
Research on substation intrusion event identification method based on MTF and CNN
Authors: Shao Xiangxin , Jiang Yongxiang , Jiang Hong , Li Jiacheng
Published: November 2023

This research provides a detection approach based on Markov transition field (MTF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) for substation perimeter intrusion event recognition. Because of the complexity and variety of external signals, which makes sensor detection more challenging, determining and analyzing the intrusion behavior of vibration signals induced by intrusion has become critical to improving the identification rate of intrusion-like occurrences. The obtained one-dimensional signals are mapped into two-dimensional pictures using MTF to reflect better the properties of intrusion-like signals, which can yield deeper signal details than the usual feature extraction approach. The CNN-vgg19 model’s excellent image feature identification capabilities are utilized to detect and categorize the acquired 2D feature pictures. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate of the six intrusion events is 96.7%, and the average recognition rate of the noise events is 99%, which can effectively identify the noise events and reduce the false-positive rate. The study’s findings are valuable for substation and peripheral security intrusion products.
Deep residual shrinkage networks with adaptively convex global parametric rectifier linear units for fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Zhijin , Zhang Chunlei , Zhang Xin , Gao Sen , Li He
Published: November 2023

In response to the challenge posed by traditional deep learning methods, which apply uniform nonlinear transformations to all vibration signals and thus struggle to address fault diagnosis under variable working conditions, a novel activation function called the convex global parametric rectifier linear unit (CGPReLU) is developed based on our prior research. Initially, an analysis of the numerical patterns governing the adaptive derivation process of GPReLU’s two slope parameters revealed the surprising observation that these convex parameter combinations invariably appear in pairs. This discovery serves as the primary motivation for the development of CGPReLU. Leveraging this convex regularity, we subsequently redesigned a lightweight convex sub-network for the adaptive derivation of the CGPReLU’s slope. Simultaneously, a deep residual shrinkage network with CGPReLU is constructed for fault diagnosis. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative evaluation metric designed to measure the collective influence of diagnostic accuracy and computational complexity after the process of model lightweight. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the developed method can maintain a better diagnostic performance while greatly improving the diagnostic efficiency under variable operating conditions compared to our previous work.
Validation of large area capacitive sensors for impact damage assessment
Authors: Vereen Alexander , Downey Austin R J , Sockalingam Subramani , Laflamme Simon
Published: November 2023

Impacts in fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites can severely inhibit their functionality and prematurely lead to the composite’s failure. This research focuses on determining the efficacy of a novel capacitive sensor, termed as the soft elastomeric capacitor (SEC), to monitor the magnitude of out-of-plane deformations in composites. This work forwards the development of a sensing skin that can be used as an in situ monitoring tool for composites. The capacitive sensor can be made to arbitrary sizes and geometries. The sensor is composed of an elastomer composite that measures strains experienced by the material it is bonded to. The structure of the sensor, fabricated to function as a parallel plate capacitor, responds to impacts by transducing strains into a measurable change in capacitance. In this work, the SECs are deployed on randomly oriented fiberglass-reinforced plates with a polyester resin matrix. The material is impacted at various energy levels until the monitored composite material reaches its yielding point. The behavior of the sensor in impact detection applications below the proof resilience shows little to no change in the capacitance of the sensor. As the impacts surpass this yielding point, the sensor responds linearly with induced change in the area. The sensor performed within the expectations of the proposed model and demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed large-area sensor as a damage quantification tool in the structural health monitoring of composites.