bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Lama Waktu Pengadukan Terhadap Pengikatan Impuritis untuk Meningkatkan Kadar NaCl Pada Garam Rakyat
Authors: Astuti Rika Puji , Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Prasetya Rahmad Aji
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKGaram dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu kumpulan senyawa kimia yang bagian utamanya adalah Natrium Chlorida (NaCl) dengan zat-zat pengotor terdiri dari MgCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4, dan lain-lain. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan sampel garam rakyat dari Pasar Larangan Sidoarjo yang memiliki kualitas dibawah standar, dengan kadar NaCl 81,88% b/b. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemurnian garam dengan menggunakan metode rekristalisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu pengadukan (15, 30, dan 45menit) terhadap penambahan beberapa senyawa kimia, seperti natrium hidroksida (NaOH), natrium karbonat (Na2CO3) dan barium klorida (BaCl2) untuk mengurangi ion polutan (Ca2+, Mg2+ dan SO42-). Sehingga kadar NaCl dalam garam rakyat akan meningkat. Kadar NaCl dihitung sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan metode titrasi argentometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar NaCl tertinggi diperoleh pada rekristalisasi dengan lama waktu pengadukan 45 menit, dengan kadar 98,86% b/b. Kemurnian ini sesuai untuk memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat dan industri.Kata Kunci: Garam Rakyat, Kadar NaCl, Lama Waktu PengadukanABSTRACTSalt can be defined as chemical compounds which the main substance is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with impurity substances consist of MgCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4, etc. This study used public salt from Larangan Market Sidoarjo which has sub-standard quality, and the concentration of NaCl is about 81,88%b/b. Hence, salt purification is needed using recrystallization method. This study was conducted to determine the influence of stirring time (15, 30, and 45 minutes) of the addition of several chemical compounds, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodiumcarbonate (Na2CO3) and barium chloride (BaCl2) in order to reduce the pollutant ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-). Eventually the percentage of NaCl concentration in public salt will increase. NaCl concentration was calculated before and after treatment was using argentometry titration. The results shows that the highest NaCl concentration is obtained at recrystallization with stirring time 45 minutes, concentration 98,86% b/b. This purity suitable to meet the needs of society and industry demands.Keywords: Stirring Time, The Concentration Of NaCl, Public Salt.
Pengaruh Linen Bedah Rekondisi terhadap Shelf-Life Linen Bedah Steril di CSSD Rumah Sakit “X” Surabaya
Authors: Dipahayu Damaranie , Butsianto Marcelinus , Ebtavany Tamara Gusti
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui shelf-life linen bedah rekondisi yang disterilkan dengan otoklaf dan disimpan di ruang yang memenuhi syarat penyimpanan di CSSD Rumah Sakit “X” Surabaya.Uji sterilitasdilakukan menggunakan metode inokulasi langsung dengan lidi kapas. Sampel disimpan selama 12 hari pada suhu (18-22)0C dan kelembaban (35-75)%. Sampel ini diambil di hari ke 0, 3, 6, 9, dan 12. Untuk menghindari positif palsu, harus dilakukan uji sterilitas media, uji fertilitas media , uji cairan pembasah, dan uji efektivitas LAFC. Sebagai jaminan proses sterilitas dilakukan kontrol indikator sterilisasi yang meliputiindikator fisika, indikator kimia, dan indikator biologi. Ada dua media kultur yang digunakan, yaituFluid Thyoglycollate Medium dengan Bacillus subtilisuntuk menguji adanya bakteri dan Soybean-CaseinDigest Medium dengan Candida albicans untuk mengetahui adanya pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil dari uji sterilitas media, uji fertilitas media, dan uji efektivitas LAFC juga uji sterilitas cairan pembasah memenuhii persyaratan. Hasil pengujian sampel menunjukkan bahwa selama 12 hari penyimpanan tetap steril.Kata kunci: Linen bedah rekondisi, Shelf-life, dan SterilisasiABSTRACTThis research was conducted to determine shelf-life linen recondition which sterilized with autoclaves and stored at conditional storage room of CSSD “X” Surabaya hospital. Sterility test was using direct inoculation method with cotton swab. Samples were stored for 12 days at a temperature of (18-22)0C and humidity of (35-75)%. These samples were taken at days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. To avoid false positive, it had to used media sterility test, media fertility test, wetting liquid test, and effectiveness test LAFC. As the assurance sterility process, sterilization indicator control was using with physic, chemistry,and biologi indicator. There are two culture media used, were Thyoglycollate Medium Fluid with Bacillus subtilis tested bacteria and Soybean-casein DigestMedium with Candida albicans. The research result of media Sterility test, media fertility test, and LAFC effectivity test also sterility test of sterile wetting liquid is meet the requirements. The result samples showed that during 12 days of storage remains sterile.Keywords: Linen surgical recondition, Shelf-life, and Sterilization
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Untuk Kloramfenikol Menggunakan Polimerisasi Fasa Ruah
Authors: Chrisnandari Rosita Dwi
Published: June 2021

Kloramfenikol adalah antibiotik yang memiliki aktivitas untuk melawan bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif yang pemakaiannya dibatasi dan diawasi oleh lembaga pemerintahan karena memiliki efek samping yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Metode analisis kloramfenikol yang digunakan umumnya kurang selektif dan kurang spesifik terhadap kloramfenikol. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan teknik preparasi sampel berbasis molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) yang dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben selektif dan spesifik terhadap kloramfenikol. MIP disintesis menggunakan kloramfenikol sebagai template, asam metakrilat (MAA) sebagai monomer, etilen glikol dimetakrilat (EGDMA) sebagai cross-linker dan kloroform sebagai porogen dengan perbandingan mol rasio template:monomer:cross-linker sebesar 1:4:20 secara polimerisasi fasa ruah pada suhu 70 ºC selama 11 jam. Elusi template dilakukan melalui ekstraksi pelarut menggunakan metanol:asam asetat 9:1 (v/v). Non-imprinted polymer (NIP) dan polimer kontrol juga disintesis sebagai pembanding. Hasil polimerisasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) dan adsorpsi-desorpsi N2. Spektra FT-IR menunjukkan gugus fungsi spesifik kloramfenikol pada MIP tidak tampak bila dibandingkan dengan spektra NIP. Luas permukaan MIP diketahui sebesar 106,609 m2/g dan 41,860 m2/g untuk polimer kontrol. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa MIP memiliki sisi pengenal yang lebih banyak dan spesifik dibandingkan dengan polimer kontrol. MIP hasil sintesis dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan selektivitas metode analisis kloramfenikol secara kromatografi.Kata kunci: Kloramfenikol, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP), Polimerisasi Fasa Ruah
Karakteristik Fisika Masker Gel Peel Off dan Krim Wajah dengan Kandungan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao ( Theobroma cacao, L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Topikal
Authors: Dipahayu Damaranie
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKKulit buah kakao adalah salah satu sumber antioksidan alami. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah kakao memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 0.08 mg/ml. Kulit buah kakao mengandung 37 % katekin, 4%antosianin dan 58 % proantosianidin. Antioksian topikal dalam kosmetika contohnya masker gel peel off dan krim. Formula Kosmetika yang baik adalah yang memiliki karakteristik dan stabilitas yang baik.Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dari pengaruh kombinasi HPMC dan PVA = FM 1:FM2:FM3:FM4= (2:12); (4:12): (2:16); (4:16) terhadap daya sebar dan waktu mengering dari sediaan masker gel. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui pengeruh kecepatan pengadukan 750 rpm dan 1500 rpm terhadap penyebaran dan ukuran globul dari krim antioksidan.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan baik HPMC dan PVA tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap daya sebar dan konsentrasi HPMC lebih tinggi akan mempengaruhi waktu mengering dari masker gel peel off selama masa simpan 28 hari. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan daya sebar dan ukuran globul pada metode pengadukan 750 rpm namun tidak pada pengadukan 1500 rpm  pada krim wajah antioksidan selama masa simpan 28 hari.Kata Kunci: Kulit buah cacao, karakteristik fisik, masker gel peel off , krim antioksidan.ABSTRACTCocoa rind (Theobroma cacao L.) is a natural resourches of antioxidant.  Half percent (0.5 %) Ethanolic extract of Cacao rind (Theobroma cacao L.) has 50 IC value as a 0,08 mg/ mL. Cocoa rind containing 37 % cathecin, 4 % anthocyanins and 58 % proanthocyanidins. Antioxidant topical in cosmetics such as peel off gel mask and cream. A good cosmetics formulation gives a good characteristic and stability.  The study aims to provide data on the effect of HPMC - PVA combination = FM 1:FM2:FM3:FM4= (2:12); (4:12): (2:16); (4:16) to the power spread and drying time of the peel off gel mask. In addition, this study gives data of stirring speed at 750 rpm and 1500 rpm = FC1:FC2 that influence spreading and globul size of antioxidant cream. This study finds that during the storage period of 28 days the difference of HPMC and PVA has no affect on the power spread but it affects the drying time, the greater concentration of HPMC can rapidly dry the gel mask when applied to the skin surface. The study also finds that during the storage period of 28 days, there was a significant difference in power spread and particle size at 750 rpm stirring and no significant difference in 1500 rpm.Key Words: Cocoa rind extract, physic characteristic, peel off gel mask, antioxidant cream.
Frequency of Hepatitis C Virus in Diagnosed Tuberculosis Cases
Authors: Baig Muhammad Farooq , Kumari Geeta , Detho Amir Bux , Qadeer Abdul Saleem , Chand Ball , Farooq Javeria
Published: June 2021

Background: The frequency of hepatitis C virus infection along with tuberculosis has not been widely investigated and very low statistics on rates of hepatitis C virus co-infection in tuberculosis patients. Hepatotoxicity is the major side effect of anti-tuberculosis therapy hepatitis HCVliver disease elevates the chances of hepatotoxicity up-to five folds. Aim: To see the frequency of Hepatitis Cvirus infection amongst people with diagnosed Tuberculosis using gene X-pert technique. To evaluate the factors associated with HCVinfection in patients with MTBtuberculosis and to determine sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Study design: Comparative analytical study. Place and duration of study: Pathology Department, Civil Hospital Mirpur Khas Sindh from 1stJanuary 2017 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: Three hundred and thirteen patients of tuberculosis diagnosed by Genexpert included while testing hepatitis C virus using immunochromotography rapid test technique, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method and polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation. Results:Higher frequency of tuberculosis infection in males 57.8%, 42.5% between 20-39 years and 22% of hepatitis C virus infection in tuberculosis patients.Sensitivity of rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 79% and 96% respectively while the specificity of rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 91% and 99% respectively. Conclusion: The high frequency of hepatitis C virus co-infection was found among tuberculosis cases in Mirpur Khas Division Sindh. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method is more accurate, reliable as compared to rapid immunochromatographytest for hepatitis C virus and polymerase chain reaction is still gold standard. Keywords: TB, Hepatitis C virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,, PCR, Genexpert, Rapid test
Infection and Expulsion Rate of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device After Post Caesarean Vs Interval Insertion
Authors: Hyder Syed Zille , Matloob Maryam , Qasim Rubina , Najeeb Wafa
Published: June 2021

Aim: To compare the frequency of infection and expulsion following insertion of IUCD immediate post casarean to that of interval insertion in parturient undergoing elective caesarean section Method: This Randomized controlled trial was conducted from 21 February to 20th August 2010. Results: It was observed that in immediate post cesarean group(Group A) expulsion rate was 8.1% and infection rate 7.2% where as in interval insertion group(Group B) expulsion rate was 10.9%and infection rate was 9.0%. The difference of expulsion rate was statistically significant in two groups (p value 0.491) i.e expulsion rate was proven to be significantly higher in interval insertion group than immediate trans cesarean insertion group. The difference of infection rate was not statistically significant between two groups (p value 0.623) although infection rate was found to be higher in interval insertion group but not clinically significant difference was found. Conclusion: Null hypothesis was rejected for expulsion rate of IUCD and a statistically significant increased expulsion rate was found in interval insertion group as compared to immediate post cesarean insertion group. Null hypothesis was accepted for infection rate after IUCD placement in two groups as no statistically significant increased infection rate was found between immediate post cesarean and interval insertion groups Keywords: Expulsion rate, infection rate,immediate post cesarean insertion,interval insertion.
Frequency of Color Blindness in Driving License Candidates Presenting in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Nawaz Muhammad , Akhlaq Huzaifa , Ahsen Muhammad , Haider Nida , Hussain Sarfraz Anwar
Published: June 2021

Background: Color vision is an integral part of visual functions. Defective color vision may leadto difficulties in daily activities and even choosing and continuing in a certain profession. Colorvision deficiency or blindness may be congenital or acquired due to retinal or optic nerve disorders Aim: To investigate the frequency of color blindness or weakness in driving license candidates presenting for medical exam, for the year 2019. Methodology: The study design was descriptive cross sectional and the sampling technique wasnon probability convenient sampling. The place of study was eye outdoor of Allied Hospital,Faisalabad. The sample size was 13,637 based on inclusion criteria. The subjects ranged in agefrom 18 years onwards to a maximum presentation of 76 years with mean age as 30.728 ±10.131.Both genders were included in the study. Visual acuity was tested on Snellen’s Chart andrefraction, if needed, was performed to obtain best corrected acuity. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the subjects had 6/6 vision as 96.6% in righteye and 96.5% in left eye, 6/9 as 2.8% and 2.9% and 6/12 as 0.3% and 0.4% respectively for rightand left eye. The frequency of normal color vision was 94%, 4.9% for red green deficiency and 1.1% for color blindness. Conclusion: A frequency of 4.9% and 1.1% for color deficiency and color blindness respectively, in drivers, indicates that color vision must be tested to avoid any possible accidents related todeficient color perception. Keywords: Driving license, colorblindness
The feelings & perceptions of a Medical doctor after recovery from Corona infection
Authors: Riaz Sidrah , Tariq Sabrina , Mirza Umair Tariq , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Chaudhary Shabana , Arshad Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Aim: To know the core feelings and perception of a medical doctor after recovery from corona infection Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative survey Place and duration of study: Akhter Saeed medical and dental college Lahore. Duration of study was two months from 1stJanuary 2021 to 31st March 2021. Methods: A survey questionnaire is formed and sent to different doctors of different specialties both in the public and private sectors. Non-probability conventional sampling technique was used. Qualitative data was analyzed by the SPSS 20. Results: The online survey was sent to three hundred and fifty (350) doctors who were fellows, consultants, assistant consultants and professors. The voluntary response is submitted by 26doctors who suffered and recovered from corona infection. Conclusion: Coronapandemic has physical, psychological, social and economic effects. Everyone who suffered from it has his own insight about disease but unlike other infections, anxiety and uncertainty about future were major psychological effects which added to physical suffering of patients. All recovered patients strongly recommended following of SOPs. Vaccinationwith following SOPs is unanimously only optimistic approachagainst corona to decrease incidence and severity of infection. There is a need for doctor counselling sessions to cope with stress and anxiety issues. Keywords: Corona infection, anxiety, consultant.
Subinguinal Cremasteric Disruption and Venous Ligation for Varicocele Repair
Authors: Mohammad Shah Syed Tahir , Farooq Mohammad , Akbar Nadia , Mughal Majid Bahir
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate the outcome of subinguinal cremasteric disruption and venous ligation for the treatment of varicocele with regard to improvement in semen parameters, recurrence hydrocele formation and testicular atrophy. Methods: The clinical study was carried out from July 2016 to June 2019. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study. Varicocele repair was done as a day case surgery under local anesthesia using cremasteric disruption and venous ligation technique. The treatment outcomes studied were improvement in semen parameters and complications like recurrence, hydrocele formation and testicular atrophy. Results: Seventy-four varicocelectomies were done in fifty-nine patients. Semen parameters improved in those nineteen patients who had abnormal semen parameters before surgery and nine out of these nineteen (47.36%) got their semen count normal after varicocele repair. There were five recurrences (6.75%). No hydrocele formation or testicular atrophy occurred during one year of follow up. Conclusion: Day case varicocelectomy by subinguinal cremasteric disruption and venous ligation is a simple, economical choice with minimal morbidity and comparable outcomes. Keywords: Varicocele, Subinguinal cremasteric disruption and venous ligation, complication
Comparison of contrast sensitivity in myopic patients using spectacle and contact lens correction
Authors: Qayyum Sadaf , Wahab Zubair , Saeed Rabia , Zulfiqar Anbar , Shakeel Ayisha , Iqbal Iqra
Published: June 2021

Aim: To compare the contrast sensitivity in different categories of myopia using two different optical correction spectacles and contact lens correction. Methods: This cross-sectional study in design was conducted from August 2018 to May 2019 at the Ophthalmology Department of Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad.45 subjects corrected with spectacles lenses and contact lenses all had corrected visual acuity of 6/9 or better were studied.The extent of myopia determined the three groups. All individuals were subjected to spectacles and Contact lens correction using slitlamp for anterior eye examination and for the fundus examination. The assessment of visual acuity was carried out by the Snellen vision Chart at 6m distance and contrastssensitivity was tested by Pelli- Robson chart. Results: Results showed a significant relationship between contrast sensitivity and type of optical correction. There were significant results of the independent t-test for spectacle and contact lenses 0.00 (p<0.005). However, the mean contrast sensitivity was better for all the three groupswith contact lens correction as compared to spectacle lens correction.Contact lenses provide better contrast sensitivity than spectacle lenses. Conclusion: Comparison between contact lens and spectacle correction was done and better quality contact lenses reduce optical defocus and give better results of contrast sensitivity. Results also concluded that loss of contrast sensitivity will be interpreted as early loss of retinal functions in severe myopes. Keywords: Myopia, Contrast sensitivity, Spectacle lens, Contact lens
Premedication with Dexamethasone and Propofol to Control Fentanyl-Induced Cough
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Faisal , Khan Haider Ali , Kumar Vijai , Jamil Arsalan , Malik Shakil , Zahoor Naila
Published: June 2021

Background: Fentanyl-induced cough is a common difficulty encountered at induction of anesthesia. Various interventions both pharmacological and non-pharmacological have been used to prevent this side effect including dexamethasone and propofol. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of dexamethasone and propofol to prevent fentanyl-induced cough at the induction of general anesthesia. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical ICU & Pain Management, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital Karachi from 16th September 2011 to 15th March, 2012. Methodology: One hundred patients who underwent elective surgical procedure were selected. Patients were randomized in two groups of 50 patients each; Group D was given intravenous dexamethasone; whereas patients of group P received intravenous propofol as the premedication before induction. The main outcome measure was effectiveness of both drugs to prevent fentanyl-induced cough. Results: Majority of patients (40%) were between 20-30 years of age group with mean age was 35.80±10.14 years. Males were more than females. Intravenous dexamethasone was significantly effective (90%) than intravenous propofol (70%) [p=0.012]. Conclusion: Intravenous dexamethasone is effective in reducing fentanyl-induced cough in comparison to propofol. Keywords: Dexamethasone, Propofol, Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC)
Relation of Parents Economical, Educational and Awareness on Immunization Status of Children
Authors: Riaz Lubna , Khan Waqas Ali , Mandokhel Shamayal , Tariq Asfand , Faryad Neelam , Irum Shazia
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the immunization status of children 0 to 2 years and factors leading to low vaccination status in children visiting tertiary care center. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatrics Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st November 2019 to 31st April 2020. Methodology: Five hundred children age between 0-2 years were enrolled after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The mean age was 9.9±6.1 months, with mean weight of 7.4±3.4 kg and 200 (40%) were male and 300 (60%) were female patients. Sixty (12%) were not vaccinated, 145 (29%) partially vaccinated and 295 (59%) fully vaccinated. In the distribution by income level 255 (51%),180 (36%) and 65 (13%) parents were having low, middle and high income respectively; By education level,155 (31%) with no education, 140 (28%) some education and 205 (41%) with high education, regarding knowledge of immunization, 50 (10%) had no knowledge, 215 (43% )had wrong perception of immunization and 235 (47%) were fully aware.295 (59%) had up-to-date immunization Conclusion: More than half of the study populations were upto date about immunization status. It is also concluded that majority of parents of low-income level and uneducated were unknown about immunization status and majority of middle and high-income level and educated people were partial known or up-to-date about immunization status Keywords: Economical level, Educational level, Awareness level, Immunization status
Maternal Outcome among Women Having Cardiac Disease at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Awan Shazia , Dars Saira , Rani Shazia , Sikandar Raheel
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the maternal outcome among women presented with cardiac disease at tertiary care hospital. Study design: Prospective study. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science Jamshoro from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020. Methodology: Fifty-seven women after 24 weeks of alive pregnancy and having cardiac diseases were included. The subjects were seen in the Gynaecology OPD every two weeks till 34-36 weeks, as per institutional protocols and after that every week by obstetrician. Cardiologists saw subjects in each trimester and delivery schedule were developed and medications were adapted with collaboration. The anaesthetic scheme of the subject was also reviewed with the cardiac anaesthetist. All the maternal outcome data was recorded. Results: Most of the patients 89.5% had age group of 25-32 years. Multiparous women were commonest 43.3% and 53.7% patients underwent normal vaginal delivery. 35.8% patients had congenital heart disease, 32.8% had cardiomyopathy and 16.4% had Rheumatic heart disease. According to the maternal outcome anemia was most common among 85.1%, pre-eclampsia 41.8%, pulmonary edema 35.8%, IUGR 20.9%, birth asphyxia 26.9%, preterm 38.8% and maternal mortality 14.9%. Abruption placenta and preterm birth were significantly associated with congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy p=0.047 and p=0.002 respectively. Pulmonary edema was higher among patients of cardiomyopathy (p=0.027). Birth asphyxia was higher among patients of rheumatic heart disease. While anemia, IUGR and maternal mortality were equally found among cardiac diseases, p-values were quit insignificant. Conclusion: Cardiac disease showed adverse maternal outcome during pregnancy with mortality rate of 14.9%. Keywords: Pregnancy cardiac disease, Maternal outcome, Mortality rate
Effect of Thrombocytopenia on Age and Method of Delivery among Pregnant Women in Late Trimester
Authors: Awan Shazia , Rani Shazia , Dars Saira , Abbassi Madiha , Parveen Naheed , Sikandar Raheel
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate the effect of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science Jamshoro from 1st June 2018 to 31st June 2019. Methodology: One hundred and seventy-six patients were observed. Women with pre-eclampsia, platelets less than 50X1010, singleton pregnancy and pregnancy greater than 32 weeks were included. Results: Most of the participants 91(51.9%) were 26 to 30 years with mean age was 30.71±4.45 years. Gestational duration in last trimester was 50(28.4%), 98(55.7%) and 28 (15.9%) of 28 to 32 Weeks, 32 to 36 Weeks and greater than 36 weeks respectively. Mean gestational duration was 35.11±2.3 Weeks. Seventy-one were falling in range of platelets of 30x1010 to 40x1010 (40.3%). Others were 46 (26.1%) of >40x1010, 43(24.4%) of 20x10-30x1010 and 16(9.1%) of 10x10-20x1010. One hundred and 41(80.1%) had vaginal deliveries and 35(19.9%) had lower segment caesarean section deliveries. Conclusion: The young participants of thrombocytopenia were more prevalent than old age participants. Keywords: Gestational thrombocytopenia, Platelet count, Pregnancy
Hemodynamic Responses during Insertion of Laryngeal Mask Airway versus Conventional Intubation
Authors: Kumar Vijai , Farooq Muhammad Faisal , Malik Shakil , Ahmed Zamir , Muneer Muhammad Nadeem
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the hemodynamic response during insertion of laryngeal mask airway versus conventional intubation. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Anaesthesia, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from 9th June 2016 to 10th December 2016. Methodology: One hundred and fifty-eight patients were enrolled, and they were divided in two groups; Group A (laryngeal mask airway) and patients falling in group B (conventional method). Baseline haemodynamic parameters were noted, and all patients were induced with propofol 2mg.kg 1. In group B, succinylcholine 1.5mg.kg-1 was used to facilitate intubation. After induction appropriate size endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway were inserted for airway control. For first five minutes after intervention, analgesics and any other stimulation were avoided, in order to prevent any haemodynamic alteration. All airway interventions were done by anaesthesiologist who had more than 5 years post fellowship experience. Mean arterial pressures were recorded. Initial haemodynamic parameters were measured when the patient enter the operating room and then second reading taken just after induction of anaesthesia, third reading recorded one minute and fourth reading 5 minutes after the intervention (i.e., after passing either endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway). Results: The average mean arterial pressure during process of intubation of patients in Group laryngeal mask airway group was 105.21±5.90 while in conventional group the average mean arterial pressure was 102.21±4.29 with P-value=0.001. Conclusion: Intubation through intubating laryngeal mask airway is accompanied by minimal cardiovascular responses than those associated with direct laryngoscopic tracheal intubation, so it can be used for patients in whom a marked pressor response would be deleterious. Keywords: Intubating laryngeal mask airway, Conventional laryngoscopy, Hemodynamic responses, Airway morbidity,
Frequency of Undiagnosed Hypoxia in Patients
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Imran , Elahi Nayyar Manzoor , Khan W Ahmad , Musharaf M Saqib , Ali Shamshad , Abdal M
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine frequency of undiagnosed hypoxia in pts which was medically sick admitted in chest wards. Study design: Cross-sectional. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and ninety patients were included in this study. Patients detailed demographics age, sex, and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent and admitted in chest wards. Presented patients were aged between 20-70 years. Pulse oximeter was used to measure the oxygen saturation levels. Mean time of hospitalization was also measured. Results: There were 170(60%) males and 120(40%) females with mean age of the patients were 40.78±18.64 years. Mean BMI was 27.78±12.64 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 160(55.17%) were from the age group 35-70 years. Calculated oxygen saturation rate was 91.98±9.42% in which minimum rate was 80% and the maximum rate was 105%. Mean heart rate was 92.96±19.20 per minute. Patients were admitted due to tuberculosis were 102(35.17%), patients with chronic pulmonary disease were 70 (24.17%), patients with pleural effusion were 30(10.34%) and the patients of asthma were 20(6.9%). In this study hypoxia was observed in 44 (15.17%) patients and was absent in 246 (84.83%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of hypoxia was most prevalent in male patients with increasing age as compared to females and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, it was observed more commonly. Keywords: Pulse oximeter, Oxygen saturation, Undiagnosed hypoxia
Temporal and Geographic Trends in Medicare Reimbursement of Primary and Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty: 2000 to 2020
Authors: Testa Edward J. , Haglin Jack M. , Li Neill Y. , Moore M. Lane , Gil Joseph A. , Daniels Alan H. , Paxton E. Scott
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

A comprehensive understanding of the trends for financial reimbursement of shoulder arthroplasty is important as progress is made toward achieving sustainable payment models in orthopaedics. This study analyzes Medicare reimbursement trends for shoulder arthroplasty. We hypothesize that Medicare reimbursement has decreased for shoulder arthroplasty procedures from 2000 to 2020 and that revision procedures have experienced greater decreases in reimbursement.

Methods:

The Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services was queried for each Current Procedural Terminology code used in shoulder arthroplasty, and physician reimbursement data were extracted. All monetary data were adjusted for inflation to 2020 US dollars. Both the average annual and the total percentage change in surgeon reimbursement were calculated based on these adjusted trends for all included procedures. Mean percentage change in adjusted reimbursement among primary procedures in comparison to revision procedures was calculated. The mean reimbursement was assessed and visually represented by geographic state.

Results:

The average reimbursement for all shoulder arthroplasty procedures decreased by 35.5% from 2000 to 2020. Revision total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) experienced the greatest mean decrease (−44.6%), whereas primary TSA (−23.9%) experienced the smallest mean decrease. The adjusted reimbursement rate for all included procedures decreased by an average of 1.8% each year. The mean reimbursement for revision procedures decreased more than the mean reimbursement for primary procedures (−41.1% for revision, −29.9% for primary; P < 0.001). The mean reimbursement for TSA in 2020, and the percent change in reimbursement from 2000 to 2020, varied by state.

Discussion:

Medicare reimbursement for shoulder arthroplasty procedures has decreased from 2000 to 2020, with revision procedures experiencing the greatest decrease. Increased awareness and consideration of these trends will be important as healthcare reform evolves, and reimbursements for large joint arthroplasty are routinely adjusted.
Association of Depression and Anxiety With Expectations and Satisfaction in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Henry Jensen K. , Barth Kathryn , Cororaton Agnes , Hummel Amelia , Cody Elizabeth A. , Mancuso Carol A. , Ellis Scott
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Mental health diagnoses involving depression or anxiety are common and can have a dramatic effect on patients with musculoskeletal pathologies. In orthopaedics, depression/anxiety (D/A) is associated with worse postoperative patient-reported outcomes. However, few studies have assessed the effect of D/A on expectations and satisfaction in foot and ankle patients.

Methods:

Adult patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery were prospectively enrolled. Preoperatively, patients completed the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and Expectations Survey. At 2 years postoperatively, surveys including satisfaction, improvement, and fulfillment of expectations were administered. Fulfillment of expectations (fulfillment proportion) and FAOS scores were compared between patients with D/A and non-D/A patients.

Results:

Of 340 patients initially surveyed, 271 (80%) completed 2-year postoperative expectations surveys. One in five patients had D/A symptoms. Preoperatively, D/A patients had greater expectations of surgery (P = 0.015). After adjusting for measured confounders, the average 2-year postoperative fulfillment proportion was not significantly lower among D/A compared with non-D/A (0.86 versus 0.78, P = 0.2284). Although FAOS scores improved postoperatively for both groups, D/A patients had significantly lower preoperative and postoperative FAOS scores for domains of symptoms, activity, and quality of life (P < 0.05 for all). D/A patients reported less improvement (P = 0.036) and less satisfaction (P = 0.005) and were less likely willing to recommend surgery to others (P = 0.011).

Discussion:

Patients with D/A symptoms had higher preoperative expectations of surgery. Although D/A patients had statistically similar rates of fulfillment of expectations compared with non-D/A patients, they had markedly lower FAOS scores for domains of symptoms, activity, and quality of life. D/A patients also perceived less improvement and were more often dissatisfied with their outcomes. These findings should not dissuade providers from treating these patients surgically but rather emphasize the importance of careful patient selection and preoperative expectation management.

Level of Evidence:

Level III; retrospective review of prospective cohort study
Expectativas turísticas y motivaciones para visitar destinos rurales el caso de Extremadura (España)
Authors: Sánchez-Oro Marcelo , Robina-Ramírez Rafael , Portillo-Fernández: Antonio , Jiménez-Naranjo Héctor Valentín
Published: June 2021

Según la OMT (2020), España recibió 83,7 millones de turistas en 2019. Hasta donde sabemos, pocos estudios han profundizado en qué mueve a los turistas, realmente, a visitar las zonas semidespobladas de España. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo explicativo de las motivaciones y expectativas turísticas en áreas del sudoeste de España, particularmente Extremadura. El modelo que presentamos clasificó, partiendo de la jerarquía de necesidades de Maslow, algunos factores que la literatura considera relevantes, como son las condiciones socioeconómicas de los visitantes y la satisfacción de la experiencia turística. La muestra consta de 6.106 entrevistas personales realizadas a visitantes. Las hipótesis sobre las relaciones causales se plantean a través de un modelo de análisis multivariado.
Estudo da implementação do pricing dinâmico em uma empresa com modelo de receita recorrente através da segmentação de clientes
Authors: Rothbarth Catherine Sudbrack , Müller Marcine , Lerman Laura Visintainer , Sander Natália Eloísa
Published: June 2021

A formação do preço dos produtos e serviços constitui-se em uma decisão estratégica para as organizações. O processo de decisão de preço envolve uma série de variáveis complexas e interligadas, as quais devem ser entendidas como instrumento de gestão. Nesse contexto, este artigo busca revelar a necessidade de subordinar a precificação aos objetivos estratégicos e sugerir uma aplicação de pricing dinâmico para uma empresa de comunicação através da segmentação de clientes, uma vez que a empresa utiliza práticas superficiais e não justificáveis de gestão de preços. Sendo assim, além de perder qualidade no processo de tomada de decisão, seu modelo de aplicação de preços encontra-se defasado em relação ao dinamismo exigido pelo mercado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que se baseia na revisão literária e na aplicação real da estratégia de preços mais adequada ao caso da empresa. Os resultados revelam as vantagens da gestão de preços embasada no planejamento estratégico.
AVALIAÇÃO DA MATURIDADE LEAN: ESTUDOS DE CASOS MÚLTIPLOS EM INDÚSTRIAS DA MICRORREGIÃO DE PASSOS/MG
Authors: Ferreira Junior José Da Silva , Leandro Francielle Da Silva , Teixeira Caroline Oliveira , De Araújo Talita Nunes
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar o nível de maturidade do Sistema Toyota de Produção em três indústrias da microrregião de Passos/MG, utilizando para tanto um estudo de caso múltiplo com a aplicação de questionário aos gestores. Para validação da pontuação aferida, foi executada também visita dentro das indústrias para observações e também entrevistas não-estruturadas com os colaboradores. Como resultados, obteve-se o nível de maturidade de 1,48, 2,35 e 1,49, respectivamente para um laticínio, um frigorífico e uma indústria hospitalar da região, em uma escala de 0 a 5. Também foram sugeridas melhorias baseadas na literatura e nas três piores notas obtidas pelo questionário. Como contribuição científica, nota-se ao final do artigo que, mesmo sem possuir a implantação correta do lean, as ferramentas podem vir a ser aplicadas nas indústrias e obter bom retorno.
Interface and connection model in the railway traffic control system
Authors: Karolak Juliusz
Published: June 2021

The article presents a model of connection of ETCS application and classical base layer equipment. The model distinguishes three layers: physical, logic and data, which require different modelling techniques and at the same time must be consistent. The model will form the basis for the digital mapping in the Digital Twin of the ETCS application. Layer division is a natural way to represent the structure of a device and its operating rules. It allows a detailed and structured representation of the interfaces of a connection and then an analysis of the connection both with respect to the layer of interest and from the point of view of the interaction between features in the different layers. The S-interface of the LEU encoder of the ETCS is described, taking into account different solutions encountered in practice. The conditions of the connection between the LEU encoder and the environment form a description of one of the two boundaries between the ETCS application, i.e. the implemented ERTMS/ETCS on a specific area of the railway network, and the environment. A general connection model and definitions of a connection and an interface are presented. As an example, the electrical connection with signals transmitted through galvanic connections has been assumed to be typical for LEU encoder and track-side signalling control circuits found in base layer equipment. The physical layer is described in terms of physical parameters and their values. The parameters are divided into electrical (current, voltage and frequency) and mechanical ones (number of leads, conductor thickness, etc.). The values of the electrical parameters are expressed in terms of a uncountable set with defined limits. The logic layer was described in a vector-matrix form. Logic signals are assigned to electrical signals with specific physical parameters. The data layer contains information about the assignment of specific telegrams to specific electrical signals.
Addressing the Legal Dimensionof Quantum Computers
Authors: Jeutner Valentin
Published: June 2021

Quantum computers are legal things which are going to affect our lives in a tangible manner. As such, their operation and development must be regulated and supervised. No doubt, the transformational potential of quantum computing is remarkable. But if it goes unchecked the evelopment of quantum computers is also going to impact social and legal power-relations in a remarkable manner. Legal principles that can guide regulatory action must be developed in order to hedge the risks associated with the development of quantum computing. This article contributes to the development of such principles by proposing the quantum imperative. The quantum imperative provides that regulators and developers must ensure that the development of quantum computers: (1) does not create or exacerbate inequalities, (2) does not undermine individual autonomy, and that it (3) does not occur without consulting those whose interests they affect.
Photonics for AI and AI for Photonics: Material and Characteristics Integration
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Tharani Lokesh
Published: June 2021

We are living in the technological era, where everything is integrated with each other. If we are discussing regarding communication, it is integrated with one or two technologies. If we are discussing regarding automation, discussing regarding Image processing, discussing regarding embedded system, they all are integrated with a combination of technologies. Correspondingly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Photonics are also integrated with each other. Now a day as AI is utilizing with photonics in abundant fields as well photonics is also serving AI to facilitate ultrafast AI networks to offer a novel class of Information Processing Machines (IPM). This chapter is based on identification and implementation of photonics for AI utility and AI for photonics. In this category a Dual core Photonics crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed which serve to identify infected cells of human being along with the integration of AI. This proposed design of PCF is providing relative sensitivity and confinement loss in an optimized manner with the impact of AI. Here potency of AI as well as of Photonics is explained to serve their applications related to each other.
Behavior ofPrunus persicaas Green and Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Guadalupe Valladares Cisneros María , Rodríguez Torres Adriana , Saldaña-Hereida Alonso , Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez David
Published: June 2021

Prunus persica (peach) is a delicious and juicy fruit, making a valuable and healthy food. P. persica is an interesting specie that have been studied in different ways, one of them is as green corrosion inhibitor to protect metals. From this specie, it has been studied as juice, seeds, pomace of fruit and leaves on alloy steels immersed in acids (HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4) and salts (NaCl, Na2SO4). This chapter explains briefly global importance of corrosion, how corrosion occurs and how to protect metals with corrosion inhibitors, including examples about the studies of green corrosion inhibitors and the results of Prunus species. The phytochemicals mixture was extracted from different tissues of peach (leaves, fruits, seeds, peels, and pomace) through different methods. All these extracts were studied to protect steel alloys immersed in different aggressive environments (acids and salts) and showed good and high corrosion inhibitions using low quantities of phytoextract (0.5 g/L) as corrosion inhibitors reaching more than 87% of corrosion inhibition efficiencies. Leaves of P. persica containing flavonoids like fruits and is possible to use leaves or pomace to produce green corrosion inhibitors.
A biography of Boulez as a music writer
Authors: Nikolić Sanela
Published: June 2021

In the period from 1948, the writings of Pierre Boulez were published in several languages and in over forty magazines of art and contemporary music. They were also published in the programmes for concerts Domaine musical, for the performances of Wagner's pieces in Bayreuth, in over sixteen booklets for the editions of the records on "new music", in the forewords for different studies, in five collections printed in several volume-amounting to over a hundred and thirty texts. The number of publications of Boulez articles is, however, almost four times as many as the number of titles, since a lot of texts were published several times and translated into other languages in different magazines or collections. This text follows the chronology and history of the shaping and multiplication of Boulez writings in detail. The sheer size of theoretical work and its diverse trajectories point to the importance of Boulez work as a music writer not only for understanding his work as a composer and a conductor, but also for the whole theoretical climate in the postwar modernist world of art he experienced.
Sound from the cloud: Metamorphoses of technical and artistic paradigms in the social reception of sound and music
Authors: Ančić Ivana
Published: June 2021

In this paper on the example of the cloud I intend to research and analyze the changes of artistic paradigms and practices in music that occurred due to the technological development, digitalization process and implementation of new media. With the rapid growth of technology and its immersion in digital screen culture, reality has become virtual and augmented, moving our perception to a different, new perspective-the cloud perspective. Sound from the cloud represents a new category of the production, distribution, consumption and perception of sound, the new sound/cloud discourse. This is the case of sound coming from virtual space, but due to the development of new devices and mobile phones it does not require the connection of the consumer to the computer, but is already connected through the mobile and omnipresent Web. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impacts achieved in the field of music by the system of recording and sound reproduction and digital technology, as well as to analyze some theoretical issues provoked by these changes. The special focus of the research is an innovative artistic practice which has developed parallel with technological development, digital consumption and listening habits, contrary to artistic experience. This paper should confirm that the rapid and intensive development of technology and devices is developing a new space and intimate connection between authors, prosumers and consumers. The research should also confirm the hypothesis that the cloud is an entity, an autonomous system, a live organism in constant change, dependent and in a constant process of interaction.
What does the humming avatar remember? Composer's voice and memory in Ana Gnjatovićs phonations
Authors: Radovanović Bojana
Published: June 2021

Written as a two-fold dissertation on Ph.D. studies of composition at the Faculty of Music in Belgrade, which consists of the piece and the autopoetic text, Ana Gnjatović's Phonations for voice and electronics (2016), raises, among others, questions of performance of music for voice and electronics, as well as issues of the composer's/performers voice, and the topic of (musical) memory. Focusing on these problem points, this paper deals with Ana Gnjatović's 'vocal identity, represented and performed in the layering sounds of voice and electronics, with Edward T. Cone's notion of 'composers voice in mind.