bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise de Eventos Extremos na Região Amazônica (Analysis of Extreme Events in the Amazon Region)
Authors: Santos Thalyta Soares dos , Gomes Ana Carla dos Santos , Coutinho Maytê Duarte Leal , Silva Allan Rodrigues , Castro Aline Anderson de
Published: January 2018

A frequência de eventos severos e extremos de seca e chuva na Amazônia foi analisada utilizando o Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI) nas escalas de 6 (sazonal estação seca/chuvosa) e 12 meses (interanual). A frequência de eventos secos e chuvosos é importante para a climatologia da região, que é considerada um regulador climático global. Para isso foram selecionadas as séries climatológicas, de 1925 a 2000, de seis localidades da região Amazônica: Belém, Cuiabá, Iauretê, Manaus, Porto Velho, Taguatinga. Os SPIs, 6 e 12, que quantificam excesso ou déficit de chuva, nestas duas escalas de tempo, foram calculados a partir dos ajustes de distribuição gama, pelo método da máxima verossimilhança às médias móveis de 6 e 12 meses das precipitações mensais. Esses foram computados a partir da normalização das probabilidades gama, pelos seus respectivos desvios padrões. As séries temporais dos SPIs 6 e 12, mostram longos períodos de oscilação entre eventos secos e chuvosos. A frequência decenal de ambos SPIs indica variações entre as décadas mais chuvosas e secas nos municípios estudados. As décadas mais chuvosas e secas são periódicas para as duas escalas de tempo analisadas em todas as estações, exceto Iauretê.

A B S T R A C T

The frequency of severe and extremes events of drought and rainfall in the Amazon was analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the scales of six months (dry/wet seasons) and 12 months (inter-annual). This is important for the climatology of the region, which is considered a global climate regulator. With this objective, the climatological series from 1925 to 2000 were selected for six locations in the Amazon region: Belém, Cuiabá, Iauretê, Manaus, Porto Velho and Taguatinga. With the aim of quantify the excess or deficit of rainfall in the selected time scales, the SPIs 6 and 12 were calculated using the fit of the gamma distribution by the maximum likelihood method for the moving averages 6 and 12 months of monthly precipitation. These were computed from the normalization of gamma probabilities by its standard deviation. The time series of SPIs 6 and 12, show long periods of oscillation between dry and wet events. The frequency of both SPIs indicates variations between wet and dry decades in the cities studied. Wetter and drier decades were shown to be periodic for the two time scales considered in all locations, except for Iauretê.

Key-Words: SPI, Amazon, Drought, Rain
Viabilidade Econômica do Uso Energético de Lenha da Caatinga sob Manejo Sustentável (Economic Viability of the Energetic Use of the Wood from Caatinga Under Sustainable Forest Management)
Authors: Lima Júnior Claudemiro De , Lima Regina Lúcia Félix de , Liberal Bruno Guimarães , Guerrero Jorge Recarte Henriquez , Sampaio Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto , Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar
Published: January 2018

Com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade econômica de aproveitamento energético da lenha de Caatinga sob manejo florestal sustentável foi feita uma análise econômica considerando o aproveitamento da lenha em diferentes rotas tecnológicas: comercialização direta da lenha (1), produção de carvão por fornos tradicionais (2) e por fornos cilíndricos (3), e a produção de energia em termelétricas com ciclo a vapor com turbinas de condensação (4) e ciclo combinado integrado a gaseificação da biomassa (5). Na análise econômica foram incluídos para cada rota os custos com: compra da área, implantação de manejo florestal sustentável, equipamentos e manutenção, tributos e impostos, valor presente líquido, taxa mínima de atratividade, período de retorno de investimento e taxa interna de retorno. As rotas de produção de carvão apresentaram maior viabilidade econômica, com o prazo de retorno de investimento variando de 2,4 anos (fornos cilíndricos) a 3 anos (fornos tradicionais). A análise de sensibilidade mostrou que é possível tornar as rotas de comercialização direta da lenha e de uso da lenha para geração de energia em termelétricas, com o aumento dos parâmetros: produtividade de lenha, preço de energia e preço de lenha, ou com a diminuição do custo de investimento inicial ou do preço da terra.
PROPUESTA DE PROTOCOLO PARA EL SONDAJE DE DIAGNÓSTICO CLINICO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO PERIODONTAL.
Authors: Pinos Ochoa Xavier
Published: January 2018

En el presente artículo se propone un protocolo para el sondaje de diagnóstico clínico epidemiológico periodontal de tal manera de que los estudiantes e investigadores puedan obtener los datos periodontales rápida y eficazmente.
O restrykcjach leksykalnych w użyciu udmurckich przypadków końcówkowych
Authors: Bielecki Robert
Published: January 2018

Przypadek jest pojmowany zazwyczaj jako kategoria gramatyczna. Gramatyka jest kojarzona z regularnością i w tym sensie jest nader często przeciwstawiana leksyce. Jednak nawet najbardziej regularny mechanizm językowy podlega w każdym języku jakimś restrykcjom o charakterze leksykalnym. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę opisu głównych mechanizmów funkcjonowania tego zjawiska w końcówkowym systemie przypadkowym języka udmurckiego. Jak się okazuje, pomimo iż nominativus jest przypadkiem takiej niezbywalnej dla zdania kategorii syntaktycznej, jaką jest podmiot, to jego znaczenie diatetyczne jest w ostatecznym rozrachunku determinowane przez znaczenie leksykalne czasownika. Syntagmatyczne manifestowanie się accusativu, kolejnego tzw. przypadka gramatycznego w języku udmurckim, także jest ograniczane przez ten sam czynnik. Sygnifikacja genetivu w jego funkcji stricte adnominalnej wydaje się zdeterminowana z kolei przez znaczenie leksykalne obu komponentów syntagmy adnominalnej. W użyciu pozostałych przypadków udmurckich można dostrzec globalnie jeszcze mniej regularności. Ich użycie zdeterminowane jest albo przez leksykalny kontekst czasownikowy, albo przez rzeczownikowy. W pewnych okolicznościach współwystępują oba czynniki.
From Proto-Slavic into Germanic or from Germanic into Proto-Slavic? A review of controversial loanwords
Authors: Noińska Marta , Rychło Mikołaj
Published: January 2018

Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic have been comprehensively analysed by both Western and Eastern scholars, however the problem of borrowings in the opposite direction received far less attention, especially among Western academics. It is worth noticing that Viktor Martynov (1963) proposed as many as 40 borrowings and penetrations from Proto-Slavic into Proto-Germanic. Among these, there are nine (*bljudo, 40 Marta Noińska, Mikołaj Rychło *kupiti, *lěkъ, *lugъ, *lukъ, *plugъ, *pъlkъ, *skotъ, *tynъ) which are considered certain loanwords in the opposite direction in the newest monograph on the topic by Pronk-Tiethoff (2013). The aim of the present paper is to review and juxtapose linguists’ views on the direction and etymology of these borrowings. The authors take into consideration the analyses carried out not only by Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff (2013) and Viktor Martynov (1963), but also by Valentin Kiparsky (1934) and Zbigniew Gołąb (1992). An attempt is made to assess which of the nine words could be borrowings from Proto-Slavic in Germanic.
O rosyjskości syntetyzmu półtoratonówka
Authors: Wawrzyńczyk Jan
Published: January 2018

The note is devoted to the history of the Polish word półtoratonówka. The question is raised about the beginning and extinction of its Russian connotation.
Diseño prototipo robot explorador móvil controlado a distancia con uso de android, pic16f627a y bluetooth rn-42
Authors: Lara Gutiérrez Héctor Gerardo , Andrade Hernández Efraín , Tomás Mariano Víctor Tomás
Published: January 2018

Se presenta el prototitpo de un carro explorador controlado a distancia mediante dispositivo móvil que usa sistema operativo android 4.0 y uso de pic, y modulo bluetooth. Se detalla construcción, configuración y modo de ensamble. El prototipo propuesto tiene la capacidad de enviar imágenes y video mediante cámara Ip Foscam Fi8907w, usado para ambientes de difícil acceso. También se presentan los resultados obtenidos en pruebas realizadas en ambientes controlados y no controlados
Desentrañando las raíces del teatro en México: El teatro de evangelización
Authors: Chávez De llano Lic. Xochicalli
Published: January 2018

Esta investigación pretende dar a conocer una obra de teatro de evangelización escrita en náhuatl por Fray Andrés de Olmos (uno de los 12 evangelizadores franciscanos llegados al Nuevo Mundo en el siglo XVI) y cómo el teatro de evangelización jugó un papel muy importante en la conquista espiritual de México.
LA DEPENDENCIA DE TRAYECTORIA EN LAS INSTITUCIONES
Authors: Campa Juan Ignacio
Published: January 2018

Las instituciones se alteran a lo largo del tiempo. El cambio institucional es incremental y su dirección es dependiente de la trayectoria. En este trabajo se resalta que la dependencia de la trayectoria no es una inercia determinista pero impone restricciones que encuadran de manera específica las alternativas de decisión presente de los agentes de cambio. Asimismo, se muestra que los rendimientos crecientes son una fuente importante de permanencia de instituciones políticas, económicas o sociales. Sin embargo, concurren también otros mecanismos reforzadores que pueden perpetuar la orientación de los entramados institucionales, como los funcionales, de poder, legitimación, estratificación o conversión.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Tani melalui Pengembangan Produk Olahan Ikan di Nagari Tarung-tarung, Kecamatan Rao, Kabupaten Pasaman, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Yanti Delvi , Permata Deivy Andhika
Published: January 2018

The aims of this activity of KKN-PPM (Community Development Services-Community Empowerment Study) are; 1) To obtain the method of fresh fish processing to be processed fish products (fish meatball, nugget, and crack); 2) To obtain the method of processed fish product packaging (fish meatball, nugget, and crack); 3) To obtain the ready marketed packaging of processed fish products (fish meatball, nugget, and crack) so that the community derives the benefits and increase their incomes; and 4) To form the sustainability of processed fish product centre (fish meatball, nugget, and crack). The method that has been applied was participation and action that involved targeted group of community, and the students were utilized as facilitators. Participants in this activity consist of 30 students and collaborate with farmer group of Sejahtera Bersama with members of 25 persons. The result that had been obtained in this activity was the community (farmer group of Sejahtera Bersama) understand the method of processing and packaging of processed fish product, and the group of partners have succeeded in making processed fish products in packaging that is ready to be marketed. From the t-test pairs, statistically, there is significant differerent between average of student soft skill before and after the activity of of KKN-PPM (Community Development Services-Community Empowerement Study), with remark sig.(2-tailed) 0.000< 0.05 level of significant (α).
Usaha Pengolahan Ikan dan Cacing Laut (Kian) Asap di Ohoi Wab, Kecamatan Hoat Sorbay
Authors: Ngabalin Daniel , Talakua Eygner Gerald
Published: January 2018

Smoked fish processing business in Wab Village still used traditional methods (fumigation open) and are household enterprises (micro-scale enterprises) can be seen from the aspect of production and management aspects. Two aspects of this raise the priority issues faced by partners namely: how the fish correct fumigation techniques? What forms fumigation appropriate tool? How to manage capital and production business properly? How do I do the recording business activities in the notebook business correctly? And how to sell or market products correctly? Through methods of participatory rural appraisal, fisheries extension method, and the method pretest-posttest control group design, the implementation of community service activities carried out as a priority the settlement solution problem by doing: 1) Initial extension of community service activities; 2) Extension of heat curing, heat curing tool making appropriate, and the use of heat curing; 3) Counseling on capital management and production; 4) Extension of book production business records; and 5) Counseling about pricing, promotion, and strategy for dealing with the business of competition. So the outcome reached was contained fish products and marine worms (increasingly) the smoke as much as 25 / week; there are two tools used fumigation partners; there were five notebooks submitted to partners and capable of recording the three notebooks (book purchases, sales, and profit/loss); and 50 fish and marine worms (increasingly) smoke marketed in Wab Village.
Perbandingan Aktivitas Antelmintik Albendazole dan Levamisole terhadap Ascaridia galli secara In Vitro
Authors: Balqis Ummu , Hambal Muhammad , Darmawi . , Harris Abdul , Rasmaidar . , Athaillah Farida , Muttaqien . , Azhar . , Ismail . , Daud Razali
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini meneliti aktivitas antelmintik albendazole dan levamisole terhadap hambatan motilitas, percepatan waktu paralisis, dan motilitas cacing Ascaridia galli dewasa secara in vitro. Sebanyak empat ekor cacing masing dibuat triplikat dalam NaCl 0,9% masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 15 mg/ml Albendazole, dan 0.6 mg/ml Levamisole. Motilitas cacing diamati pada interval 10, 20, 30, dan 40 jam. Paralisis dan kematian diamati pada tampilan tidak ada pergerakan badan pada bagian kepala dan ekor cacing. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas albendazole dan levamisole terhadap mortalitas A. galli berturut-turut terjadi pada 40 dan 30 jam pasca inkubasi. Levamisole dapat menghambat motilitas A. galli pada jam ke 10 dan juga menyebabkan lebih awal paralisis pada 6,75 ± 0,50 jam pasca inkubasi. Kajian tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas antelmintik levamisole lebih awal dibandingkan efek albendazole pada cacing A. galli.
Efecto de la rinitis y el asma en el ausentismo y rendimiento laboral y escolar en una población del trópico latinoamericano
Authors: Sánchez Jorge , Estarita Javier , Salemi Carolina
Published: January 2018

Antecedentes: el asma y la rinitis son las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas más frecuentes. Su alto efecto clínico se asocia con pérdidas de días laborales y menor rendimiento. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la rinitis y el asma como causa de ausentismo y bajo rendimiento laboral en una población de adultos y niños. Material y método: estudio trasversal, realizado en 10 escuelas de dos ciudades de Colombia. Se invitó a participar a población estudiantil entre 6 y 17 años y a los empleados mayores de 18 años de edad. A todos los participantes se les realizó un cuestionario que evaluó parámetros relacionados con la historia clínica y se hizo una revisión de las calificaciones (matemáticas y español), hojas de vida y número de ausentismos durante el último año académico completado. Resultados: aceptaron participar 1,413 personas. La frecuencia de rinitis, asma o ambas fue de 36%. Hubo mayor frecuencia de ausentismo escolar en la población infantil con síntomas respiratorios (2.8 vs 1.2 días/año/paciente, p menor a 0.01) y hubo menor rendimiento académico (reprobó: 17 vs 9%, p menor a 0.05) y laboral (0.43 vs 0.27 p menor a 0.05) en la población sintomática. Observamos que los pacientes con buen apego al tratamiento farmacológico tenían menor ausentismo y mejor rendimiento. Conclusión: la rinitis y el asma se asocian con menor desempeño en la población infantil y adulta, al igual que con mayor ausentismo en la escuela; sin embargo, el tratamiento adecuado puede mejorar el control clínico y reducir el efecto negativo a nivel laboral.
Síndrome hiper-IgE. Lecciones de la función y defectos de STAT-3 o DOCK-8
Authors: Alcántara-Montiel Julio César , Vega-Torres Brittany Itzel
Published: January 2018

En la Clasificación de las Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, el síndrome hiper-IgE, identificado con el código OMIM #147060 en el Catálogo Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, pertenece al grupo de las inmunodeficiencias combinadas asociadas a síndromes. Se caracteriza por elevación de la concentración de IgE, eosinofilia, abscesos recurrentes en piel, neumonías, lesiones en parénquima pulmonar, infecciones recurrentes, erupciones en el recién nacido, eccema, sinusitis, otitis y candidiasis mucocutáneas. El síndrome hiper-IgE puede ser transmitido hereditariamente en forma autosómica dominante o autosómica recesiva. El síndrome hiper-IgE en su forma dominante incluye manifestaciones no inmunológicas como facies característica, dentición patológica, escoliosis, alteraciones óseas e hiperextensibilidad articular. La causa identificada en la forma dominante es la pérdida de la función del transductor de señales y activador de la transcripción 3 (STAT-3, MIM #102582). Las mutaciones en la proteína dedicada a las citocinesis 8 (DOCK-8)
Prevalencia de sensibilidad a aeroalérgenos en el servicio de inmunología del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas María, Honduras, 2016
Authors: Gonzales-González Victoria Alejandra , Díaz-Flores Adolfo Martín , Fernández-Zelaya Karla Zobeyda , Rivera-Reyes María Félix
Published: January 2018

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades alérgicas constituyen un problema de salud pública; se estima que entre 30 y 40 % de la población mundial se encuentra afectada por alguna. Conocer la prevalencia de sensibilización a alérgenos permite ofrecer diagnósticos y tratamientos adecuados. En Honduras no se cuenta con estudios en pacientes pediátricos.Objetivos: El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el tipo de sensibilización más frecuente en los niños y su correlación con las enfermedades alérgicas más frecuentes en los pacientes en inmunoterapia del Hospital María de Especialidades Pediátricas.Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo transversal descriptivo en el cual se revisaron los expedientes y base de datos de los pacientes en inmunoterapia alérgica del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas María entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2016.Resultados: Se evaluaron 215 niños en inmunoterapia, las edades oscilaron entre 3 y 18 años, con una media de 10.8 años. Se identificó que 73.02 % tenía pruebas epicutáneas positivas a aeroalérgenos. Los aeroalérgenos más frecuentes fueron Dermatophagoides farinae y Dermatophagoides psterossynium mix (96.74 %), cucaracha americana (37.21 %), así como Aspergillus fumigatus y Homdonderum cladosporioides (16.28 %).Conclusiones: Los ácaros domésticos y la cucaracha americana constituyeron la mayor causa de sensibilización en pacientes en inmunoterapia.
ANALISA PENGARUH VARIASI SUSUNAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN UNJUK KERJA POMPA HYDRAM DITINJAU DARI ASPEK TINGGI TERJUNAN AIR
Authors: Sutanto Rudy , Wirawan Made
Published: January 2018

Cultivation activities, both in the development of food crops, horticulture, livestock and plantations. Availability of water is a strategic factor. Specific areas adjacent to the water source or location are under the eyes water, water needs are less of a problem. However, the ground reality is not always flat; there is the hilly or bumpy. Land surface area is higher than the water source and the bumpy areas will have trouble getting a continuous supply of water. Therefore need to find an alternative to reduce the burden. One alternative is that hydram pump hydraulic work without using gasoline. Hydram pump was applied to a small debit them to raise water and drinking water needs of households. However, the use for irrigation in dry land agriculture that requires a large output flow is unknown. The method used in this research is to create models in the laboratory to simulate the independent variables of pressure (high falling) water flow while bound variables measured include debit and results of hydraulic pressure. The results of experiments that analyzed the correlation between independent variables and the variables are bound to get hydram pump efficiency. Pumps that were realized and tested in the laboratory have the following specifications: input = 1.5 inch diameter; output diameter = 0.5 inches; step on the valve piston waste = 5 mm; air tube diameter = 3 inches; air tube length = 24 cm ; material with galvanized pipe, construction of hydram pump consisting of the first arrangement of input - waste valves - compressor (ILK) and the second arrangement of input - compressor - waste valve (IKL). Pump of hydram with arrangement ILK has the ability to better performance when compared with the composition of IKL. Where pump of hydram with the composition of ILK has the best efficiency at 2.5 meters high waterfall with a debit enter 2.458 liters / sec discharge output capable of being lifted by a pump at 0087 liters / sec while the high lift or vertical height of the pump which is equal to 30 meters and efficiency pump of hydram which is equal to 13.6%.
PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR BENSIN PREMIUM DAN PERTAMAX TERHADAP TORSI, DAYA EFEKTIF DAN SFCe PADA MOTOR BENSIN EMPAT LANGKAH EMPAT SILINDER
Authors: Nuarsa I Made
Published: January 2018

Fuel quality had a major effect on improvement of the engine performance. One of the reason is the engine performance to get off is detonation occurs in the combustion chamber. To support this effort is by using high octane fuel as Pertamax. By using those fuel, it is expected to economize the fuel consumption and reduces air pollution level. There by the improvement of the engine performance is expected to be happening.  This research was done to analyse the effect of premium and pertamax consumption in terms of torque, effective power and specific fuel consumption effective (SFCe) on Daihatsu Feroza engine 1589 cc. The instrument for measuring the torque of engine were trommel and brake power system by using brake material that adopts brake prony system.  The experiment was done at wide open throttle (WOT) at fourth transmission at 1600 rpm, 2100 rpm, 2600 rpm, 3100 rpm, and 3600 rpm.  The experiment result was gained maximum of torque, effective power and specific fuel consumption effective (SFCe) to premium gasoline RON 88 at 3600 rpm severally is 12,92 Kg.m, 64,93 PS and 0,10 L/PS.jam and to pertamax gasoline RON 92 severally is 13,52 Kg.m, 67,97 PS and 0,09 L/PS.jam. Average increasing of torque and effective power equal to 6,52% and 6,79%. While the average degradation of spesific fuel consumption effective (SFCe) equal to 16,18%.
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI KELAPA DENGAN METODE KERING
Authors: Padang Yesung Allo , Mirmanto Mirmanto
Published: January 2018

Producing biodiesel by dry method has been conducted in the Laboratory of Energy Conversion, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mataram University. In the conventional method, coconut flesh is scrabbed and then squizzed to separate the coconut milk then from this milk obtained oil. In dry method, the flesh is cut in to small pieces then cook in the sealed container.Its vapor is collected , condensated and eventually oil is produced.By transesterification process biodiesel is obtained. The combination of metanol : coconut oil is varied as follow :10 (K0), 1:10 (K10), 2:10 (K20), dan 3:10 (K30). Biodiesel produced is then tested to evaluate its specific gravity,kinematic viscosity,flash point and calorifiec value.The result show that increased methanol concentration reduced specific gravity,kinematic viscosity,flash point and calorifiec value. Specific gravity for K0, K10, K20, and K30 in the transesterification process are 0.864, 0.851, 0.849, and 0.843, respectively. Kinematic viscosity for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 5.65 mm2/s, 4.80 mm2/s, 4.29 mm2/s, and 3.52 mm2/s, respectively. Flash point for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 62.330C, 58.670C, 54.670C, and 520C. Calorifiec value for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 19601.842 Btu/lb, 19105.375 Btu/lb, 17803.337 Btu/lb, and 16548.844 Btu/lb.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin January 2011
Authors: Dinamika Dinamika
Published: January 2018

Dinamika Teknik Mesin January 2011
Uji Eksperimental Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Mesin Berbahan Bakar Biodiesel Minyak Kelapa Hasil Metode Kering
Authors: Padang Yesung Allo
Published: January 2018

Experimental testing using coconut oil produced by dry method on engine has been conducted in the Laboratory of Energy Conversion, Mechanical Engineering, Mataram University. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of using this coconut oil on the engine performance. The oil was mixed with diesel oil in order to obtain biodiesel. There were four combinations of ratio diesel oil to coconut oil; namely 100% : 0% (mkp0%), 90%:10% (mkp10%), 80%:20% (mkp20%) and 70%:30% (mkp30%.). Mitsubishi L300 diesel engine was used in this experiment by variating engine speed 1000 rpm, 1050 rpm and 1100 rpm with torgue load at 1 kg. At engine speed of 1200 rpm the loads were varied as 1 kg, 1.5 kg and 2 kg. The result shows that by increasing the number of coconut oil in the mixture will reduce engine fuel consumption. Fuel consumption of the mixture will be better compare to the fuel consumption of pure diesel oil. Specific fuel consumption efective (SFCe) of coconut oil-diesel mixture at mkp 10%, 20% and 30% are lower than of pure diesel oil. The reduced SFCe are 1.45 %, 1.71% and 3.57 % at effective power 0.838 PS, 1.98%, 4.31% and 4.31% at effective power 1.257 PS and 1.22%, 3.92% and 7.12% at effective power 1.676 PS. By varying the engine speed, the result also shows that SFCe of the mixture is also lower than SFCe of pure diesel oil.
Analisa Kualitas dan Kuantitas Biogas dari Kotoran Ternak
Authors: Mara Made , Alit Ida Bagus
Published: January 2018

Our life is completely dependent on a reliable and adequate supply of energy. In other to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the use of animal dung in producing a renewable alternative source of energy has been proved using cow dung. Concerns over the environment and the rising costs for energy and waste water treatment have caused a resurgence of interest in anaerobic treatment and subsequent use of the biogas produced during this treatment of organic wastes as fuel. Biogas from manure wastes has become a potential renewable energy source for both domestic and commercial usage especially in West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to investagate the quality and quantity of biogas produced from animal dung. The Cows, buffaloes and horses dung were used in this research using anaerobic biotank proses. The animal dungs were digested in ambient temperature and the water composition of degester was also analysed. The result shows that total volume of biogas produced by horse dung is 577.735 liters, and then cow dung is 373.839 liters, and the smallest production generated by buffalo dung which is 352.975 liters. Moreover, biogas from horse dungs generated the highest power of combustion, followed by cow dung, and buffalo dung, 732,425 watt, 556,521 watt 539,759 watt resfectively.
Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin January 2012
Authors: Dinamika Dinamika
Published: January 2018

Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin January 2012
Aplikasi Rekayasa Nilai (Value Engineering) Pada Desain Tungku Briket Arang Biomassa Sistem Kontinyu Berpengapian Semi Otomatis Sebagai Upaya Mempermudah Pemanfaatan Energi Alternatif Mengganti Minyak Tanah
Authors: Wijana Made , Joniarta I Wayan
Published: January 2018

The biomassa charcoal briquet is one of principal component of cooking in household scale which has some weakness in its operation, such as take a long time for beginning ignitation, flame energy is not stable, the putting out can not be done quickly, once filling up for once cooking. Impractical operational of briquet stove  caused people did not want to change the use of petroleum stove to the use  of biomass briquet stove. Hence, biomass charcoal briquet stove is modified in order to simplify its operation by increase fungsional aspect, technique aspect, and economical aspect.            The method used in this research is value engineering method in order to choose one alternative of modification of biomass charcoal briquet  stove and analyze with five phase of job planning that include (1) information phase, (2) creative phase, (3) analysis phase, (4) development phase, and (5) presentation phase.            At the analysis phase, it is made analysis to eight alternatives of modification and one initial design which is used as reference of performance evaluation. The evaluation result at development phase is the seventh alternative of modification has the highest value that is 1,358 with performance 425,10 and gives some advantages, those are cooking speed is increased (boilling water in seven minute per liter), operational simplicity is very increased that is once filling up for cooking repeatedly (continue system), cutting out of fire can be done quickly without taking apart of stove (semi automatic), pollution is decreased and stinging smell is not happen.            Biomass charcoal briquet stove has high economic value, because its operasional is almost the same as petroleum stove and its operational cost is a quarter of petroleum stove cost.  So, it is good to be developed and applied to society.
Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin July 2012
Authors: Dinamika Dinamika
Published: January 2018

Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin July 2012
ANALISA KELAYAKAN ETANOL KADAR RENDAH SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADA KOMPOR BERGRAVITASI
Authors: Wardi Salim Ahmad , Mara Made , Padang Yesung Allo
Published: January 2018

Low grade alcohol  is energy that can be renewed. when compared to kerosene and LPG, bioethanol stove is non explossive, does not require a large pressure and easy to manufacture.This study to determine the effect of the height and length of  heating coil burner water heating time, preparation time and fuel consumption. The principle of low grade of ethanol stove is used the position of the fuel tank height and speed up the process of  evaporation. Variations used in this study is the length of the heating coil burner that is 55 cm, 75 cm, 95cm, and height is given by 1.5 m, 1.75 m, and 2 m.The results indicate that the use water heating fastest time obtained at 2 m height variation with of 95 cm burner heating coil of 790 seconds. At the time of preparation reduction obtained at the optimal height variation of 1.5 mand lenghth 95 cm of burner heating coils is 328 sekonds. The lowest fuel consumption obtained when using length variation burner heating coil 55 cm and a height of 1.5 m  at 0.132 ml/sec.
PENGARUH PREHEAT DAN TEMPERING TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL PENGELASAN BAJA JIS SS 400
Authors: Askar Saiful , Sinarep S. , Sari Nasmi Herlina
Published: January 2018

JIS steel SS 400 is one of the most common types of steel used for hot rolling steel structures general. This steel is excellented to the weldability and machinability properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of heat treatment with preheating without tempering (PTT), with preheating and tempering (PT), without preheating and without tempering (TPTT), and  without preheating tempering (TPT). The test results are then compared with the raw material specimens. Method of forming specimens using welding SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) DC reverse polarity using E7018 type electrode diameter of 4 mm. Type of seam used is V open seam with slit width and height of 2 mm and the width of the root angle 70o. This studied used a low alloy steel (JIS steel SS 400) which contain high levels of 0.20% C, maximum 0.005% S, maximum 0.005% P with repetitions each variation three times. Tests conducted it has testing the tensile strength, brinell hardness testing, and microstructure photo shoot. Value of the brinell hardness of welded joints highest in the tempering specimens without preheating, amounting with  163,911 HB hardness value. The structure of cementite and pearlite formed. While the lowest hardness values of specimens owned by raw material is 120,498 HB hardness values that form the microstructure of pearlite and ferrite.
Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin January 2013
Authors: Dinamika Dinamika
Published: January 2018

Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin January 2013
ANALISA PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI DAN TEMPERATUR DISTILASI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK (SPECIFIC GRAVITY DAN NILAI KALOR) BIOETANOL BERBAHAN BAKU NANAS (ANANAS COMOSUS)
Authors: Sutanto Rudy , Jaya Harisman , Mulyanto Arif
Published: January 2018

Indonesia is one of the countries which has a largest pineaple plantation in Asia, that is more than 165.690 hektare besides Thailand, Filipina, and Malaysia. Pineaple is one of the plants which contains karbohidrat and sugar as well as corn, cassava, sugar palm, etc. Thus in this occasion the pineaple will be used as material for producing bioetanol cause besides its quantity is large, it’s potential to make bioetanol.            This research head for identify the efect of fermentation periode and distilation  temperature as independent variable to the specific gravity and heating value as dependent variable. In this research the fermentation periode used are 5, 7, and 9 days while distilation temperature are 60, 75, and 800C. Producing of this pineaple bioetanol is doing by fermentation proses. In producing this pineaple bioetanol each sample which mass is 1750 gr added with 75 gr crushed yeast or equal with 4,3 % mass of sample.              From the research it’s found that the alcohol content is increase with fermentation periode and decresing of distilation temperature. Specific gravity decrease with increasing of fermentation periode and decreasing of distilation temperature. Heating value is increase with increasing of fermentation periode and deacreasing of distilation temperature.
OPTIMASI CAIRAN PEMBANGKIT MESIN PENCUCI FILM RADIOGRAF PADA LABORATORIUM FISIKA MEDIK UNNES
Authors: Rahayu Ningtias Diah , Susilo S. , Sutikno S.
Published: January 2018

Automatic film washing machine (TAEHN, model TM 300E in Physics Laboratory of FMIPA Unnes was successfully optimized by variating temperatures of developer and fixer solution in the range of 28˚C until 40˚C with temperature interval of 2˚C. At the first, developer solution was variated at controlled fixer temperature namely 30˚C, then it was analyzed to fixer determine density of each radiograph film. The optimum temperature of developer solution is available to varying temperature of fixer solution. The optimum temperatures of developer solution and fixer solution are 32˚C and 32˚C, respectively.
Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin July 2013
Authors: Dinamika Dinamika
Published: January 2018

Sampaul Dinamika Teknik Mesin July 2013
ANALISIS VARIASI JUMLAH SUDU BERENGSEL TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN CROSS FLOW ZERO HEAD
Authors: Padang Yesung Allo , Okariawan IDK , Wati Mundara
Published: January 2018

Micro Hydro Powewr Plant (MHPP) is a power plant that converts water energy into electrical in a small capacity. Developing MHPP means developing renewable energy which is environmentally save. In this researh the position of cross flow turbine is submerged in water so it is said cross flow zero head turbine. The purpose of this reserch is to analyze the performances of cross flow zero head turbne. The variation parameters include number of blade (12, 6 and 4 blades), fixed blades and sliding blades (unbolted blades). The turbine performances to be analyzed are system efficiency, turbine output power and generator speed. The results show that the best turbine performance is obtained when number of blades is 12 with fixed blade. This yields to the best system efficiency of 0.47% obtained at generator speed of 89.9 rpm and generator power output of 29.25 Watts.
APLIKASI BREAK EVEN POINT PADA PEMBUATAN ROTI Studi Kasus: Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) Roti (Rotiku Rotimu) Desa Babakan
Authors: Wijana Made , Triadi A.A. ALit , Kholiq Muhammad
Published: January 2018

In recent years many companies both micro and macro level national and international emerging. As UKM (Usaha Kecil Menengah) have an important role in opening new jobs and boost economic growth of a region. With the development of business world has been brought towards the increasingly fierce competition. That businesses are required to conduct an economic analysis that can help entrepreneurs to consider actions proposed in choosing the alternatives or strategic decision.This research aimed to analyze the feasibility of the operation of UKM bread (my bread your bread) Babakan Village by using BEP (Break Even Point).Location research Babakan Village, District Cakranegara, West Lombok. By collecting  various kinds of costs of making bread among other fixed costs and variable costs as well as to record income from the sale of bread in a period of 1 year. Examples of fixed costs is the cost of equipment, maintenance costs, the cost of building and examples of variable costs is the cost of raw materials, the cost of operation of the device, the cost of salaries, the cost of packaging.The results of this research indicate that UKM income Bread (my bread your bread) for 1 year is Rp. 912,000,000.00 of the total production of 1.14 million pieces of bread. This UKM bread achieve the BEP (Break Even Point) occurred in the month 4th at a fixed cost is Rp.30,250,733,33 and VC (Variable Cost) is Rp.212,240,114,71 on the amount of bread produced 303114 fruit bread with a TC (total cost) Rp.242,490,848.04. So that UKM Bread (my bread your bread) feasible to be operated. With the increase in the selling price of Rp.850.00 fried bread resulting increase in profit of Rp57,000,000.00 while the selling price of Rp.750.00 fried bread resulted in a decrease in profit of Rp.57,000,000.00 while equally produce 1.14 million pieces bread. By lowering the variable costs, employers can accelerate the achievement of breakeven levels (Break Even Point).
BENDING AFTER IMPACTKOMPOSIT SANDWICH BERPENGUAT SERAT BAMBU-FIBERGLASS DENGAN COREPOLYURETHANE RIGID FOAM
Authors: Catur Agus Dwi , Sinarep S. , Setyawan Paryanto Dwi , Zainuri Achmad , Supriadi S.
Published: January 2018

Impact of the composite sandwich made of materials that become defect, how defects after impact  in material need to be examined .Is that defected composites and wich still has the strength toremain in use?, then the bending after impact strength testing must be done to answer these questions.Composite sandwich with bamboo fiber-fiber glass reinforcement and with a core of 25mm rigid polyurethane foam sheet was produced. Composite sandwich made with two composite sandwich laminate as skinflanking the core. Laminated composite sandwich in this study varied number of layers of reinforcing fibers and type of fiber. Specimens subjected to drop weight impact with varying energy then defect researched and bending  after impact strengthtested. Defects formed on the composite experiencing a drop weight impact loads are: delamination, basin and through hole. The more layers of reinforcing fibers in the composite skin causing moreshallowbasinformed by theresidualimpact. The greater the impact energy causes greater depth of residual basin. Composite sandwich still has the bending strength after impact. Residual bending strength decreases with increasing impact energy imposed on the composite.
UJI FASTENING PADA KAYU KOMPOSIT SERAT PANDAN WANGI DAN LIMBAH KAYU DENGAN RESIN POLYESTER
Authors: Sulistyowati Emmy Dyah , Sari Nasmi Herlina , Sinarep S. , Pandiatmi Pandri , Andrian Insan
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to obtain handling connection type in use as door panels, roofing sheets, walls and floors. Therefore, the tests performed are fastening test and abrasion test. The technique of making wood composite is using hand lay-up technique. Constituent material of board composite is using pandanwangifibers with length variationsare 15 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm with volume fraction variations are 20% and 30%, and 5% Sengon tree saw-dust is used as the filler. The results showed that pre-drilling with fastener sizes # 6, # 8 and # 10 is 3.5 mm, 4 mm and 4,5mm. The distance between each fastener depends on the fastener head itself, ie fastener # 6, # 8, and # 10. Critical distance between the edge of the fastener has a significant effect on fiber length and volume fraction. The highest value is shown on 15 mm of the fiber length and 20% of volume fraction with the value 3.29 mm, and the lowest value is shown on 15 mm of the fiber length and 30% of volume fraction with the value 2.74 mm.
PENGARUH JUMLAH PIPA TERHADAP LAJU PELEPASAN KALOR PADA KOLEKTOR SURYA ABSORBER BATU GRANIT
Authors: Wirawan Made , Mirmanto Mirmanto , Sutanto Rudy
Published: January 2018

Fossil energies as un-renewable energies have been getting depletion. Therefore, the use of alternative energy should be raised. One of the alternative energies is solar energy. Solar energy does not pollute the environment and is categorized as a renewable energy which is free and plentiful.   In this research, the solar energy was used to heat water by operating granite absorber solar collectors. The water was flowed naturally from a higher tank and adjusted using a valve fitted at the outlet of the collector.  The volumetric rates of the water were 200, 250 and 300 cc/minutes. Two identical solar collectors with an overall dimension of 0,8 m x 1 m x 0,1 m were placed under the sun and faced to the North with an inclination angle of 15°. One collector contained 5 parallel pipes and the other comprised 7 parallel pipes.  Data obtained in this research are glass cover temperatures, an ambient temperature, absorber temperatures, inlet and outlet water temperatures, and water volumetric rates. The results show that the 7 parallel pipe collector products higher outlet water temperature and energy than the 5 parallel pipe collector. Consequently, in the process of energy removal/discharge, the heat stored in the 7 parallel pipe collector runs out quicker.
RANCANGAN RUANG PENGERING BERBASIS ERGONOMI MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PERAJIN IKAN
Authors: Susana I Gede Bawa
Published: January 2018

With  traditional fish drying process,  most possible can cause an unhealthy  working posture , such as a squatting action.   As a consequence , worker will suffer a  musculoskeletal disorders because of not  ergonomic tools and bad working posture. Without ergonomics  working  procedures was found that  the average of   musculoskeletal complaints after working is 52.25 ± 1.03. To solve this ccomplaints, a drying chamber based ergonomics design was built in order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Dimensions of the drying chamber were based on anthropometric data of fish craftsmen and the material of drying chamber was by the participatory method. Test was performed on 20 samples and the result showed that the mean rate of  musculoskeletal complaints after working is 38.30 ± 1.30. The ergonomic based design for drying camber application can reduce  the musculoskeletal complaints up to 26.7%.
PENGARUH KETINGGIAN LUBANG UDARA PADA TUNGKU PEMBAKARAN BIOMASSA TERHADAP UNJUK KERJANYA
Authors: Mulyanto Arif , Mirmanto Mirmanto , Athar Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Alternative energies, e.g. biomassa, can be utilized using combustion processes in a stove. Nevertheless, traditional stoves that are available in the market or have been used by the community for years are not effective and efficient. One thing that may affect their efficiency and effectiveness is a distance between the combustion chamber and air hole. Therefore, this research investigates experimentally the effect of the distance.The tested stoves had identical combustion room and air hole diameters, but the distance between the combustion chamber and air hole was varied 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm. The combustion chamber diameter was 13 cm and the top diameter of the stove was 19 cm. The fuel employed was coconut shell with various size of 2-4 cm and 5-10 cm. One traditional stove was also tested as a comparison. The test were conducted by heating the water in a 18 cm diameter pan from the ambient temperature to the boiling temperature (1000C). Investigated parameters showing the stove performance were boiling time, FCR, heat input, heat output, heat losses and efficiency.The results show that the fastest boiling time (472 s) and the highest FCR (0,9407 Kg/h) were resulted in the stove with the air hole distance of 40 cm and coconut shell size of 5-10 cm. In this stove, the highest heat input, heat output, heat losses occurred too. On the other hand, the highest efficiency (15,62 %) was achieved in the stove with the air hole distance of 10 cm.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin June 2016
Authors: Dinamika Dinamika
Published: January 2018

Dinamika Teknik Mesin June 2016
Optimasi kekuatan tarik komposit polyester diperkuat serat sisal dengan filler serbuk gergaji kayu sengon menggunakan metode respon surface
Authors: Okariawan IDK. , Fajar M. , Hidayatullah S.
Published: January 2018

Composite is an engineering material, which is made from combination of two or more different materials into a new material with new properties. The aim of this research is to investigate optimum composition of sisal fiber reinforced sawdust sengon filled polyester composites on the tensile strength using respon surface methodology.The testing of tensile strength is based on ASTM D 3039 standard. It has dimension 6 mm in thick, 25 mm in width and 340 mm in length. The composites are made by using compaction method. The volume fraction of sisal fiber is 25%, 30% 35%, 40% and 45%. The ratio matrik with filler is varied 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. The fiber length is 90 mm and the direction of fiber orientation is random.The results shows that the respon surface methodology capable to search value of independent variables to give optimum values of tensile strength. The application of respon surface methodology for the research optimation composition of sisal fiber reinforced sawdust sengon filled polyester composites on the tensile strength showed that the optimum value of tensile strength response could be achieved at volume fraction of sisal fiber 38,6565% and ratio matrik with filler 24,601.
Peningkatan kinerja pompa hidram berdasarkan posisi tabung kompresor dengan saluran keluar di bawah tabung kompresor
Authors: Susana I Gede Bawa , Sutanto Rudy
Published: January 2018

Hydraulic ram pump is operated without fuel and only rely on the height difference of the water source. tube compressor serves to continue the flow of water and increase the pressure in the hydraulic ram pump. To improve the performance of the hydraulic ram pump, experiment with variable position of the tube compressor has been done. The tube compressor is placed on the side of the valve after intake and waste, as well as with an outlet at the bottom of the tube compressor. The experiments were performed on the flow of water from a height of 2.1 m, 2.6 m, 3.1 m, 3.6 m and 4.1 m. The test results showed that the position of the tube compressor affect the performance of the hydraulic ram pump. Tube compressor is placed after the input side and the waste valve has a value greater than the tube compressor that is placed between the input and exhaust valves. The volumetric flow rate output, maximum head, suction force, and the largest thrust force obtained at a height of 4.1 m with the results of each 0.121 l / sec; 16 m; 156.499 N; and 89.48 N. While the largest pump efficiency obtained at a height of 3.1 m waterfall which is 2.618%.