bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A biografia da imperatriz Leopoldina e a História do Brasil
Authors: Oberacker Jr Carlos Henrique
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do artigo)Segundo as afirmações do historiador Alberto Rangel o matrimônio de D. Pedro e de D. Leopoldina estava de antemão prejudicado por ter sido sujeito à política dinástica e em conseqüência de uma pretensa fealdade da princesa. No entanto, nem uma nem outra coisa correspondia, como julgamos ter conseguido provar, à realidade. D. Leopoldina não era uma mulher de beleza acentuada, mas por outro lado também não era feia, como não se cansa de repetir o biógrafo de D. Pedro e de sua maitresse, a Marquesa de Santos. Resolveu a arquiduquesa austríaca casar espontaneamente com D. Pedro por saber que este casamento era do agrado do pai e por acreditar, de acordo com a sua educação, que o cumprimento do desejo paterno não podia deixar de ter a bênção de Deus. No entanto, D. Leopoldina logo se enamorou ao obter o retrato do noivo e, mais ainda, quando viu o original. D. Pedro, de sua parte, correspondia ao amor de D. Leopoldina; de acordo com seu caráter leviano, no entanto, não era tão apaixonado como a mulher. O matrimônio tornou-se relativamente feliz, tomando-se em conta a grande diferença do temperamento, do caráter e da educação, até que a insidiosa infiltração de D. Domitila, posteriormente Marquesa de Santos, começou a destruir paulatinamente a boa convivência do casal.
Resenha do livro: 'Nova História de Santa Catarina'
Authors: Vassilieff Irina
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)O trabalho é iniciado pela localização do Estado de Santa Catarina na região sul, entre o Paraná e o Rio Grande do Sul, com uma área de 95.985 km2 "com 3.000.000 de habitantes distribuídos pelos seus 197 municípios" (pág. 7) . A população catarinense é de origem variada, guardando costumes diferentes e exercendo diversas atividades econômicas. O autor esclarece como, na década de cinqüenta, se estabelece a política de desenvolvimento em Santa Catarina, como surgem soluções catarinenses para os problemas sócio-econômicos-culturais, e como pretendem que o Estado participe no cenário nacional
Aula inaugural da cadeira de História das mentalidade religiosas no Ocidente Moderno
Authors: Delumeau Jean
Published: January 2018

Versa sobre um trabalho levado no Collège de France sobre História das Mentalidades religiosas no Ocidente moderno
15 de agosto: o Pará conclui a sua independência de Portugal e incorporação ao Brasil
Authors: Barata Mario
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)Na obra Poder e Independência no Grão Pará (1820-1823) tratamos também de etapas desse processo histórico na capital da Amazônia, mais chegada e próxima a Lisboa, que o resto do Brasil. Como ocorreu no sul, do Fico do 9 de janeiro ao Manifesto aos Brasileiros do 1. de agosto, até a consolidação no 7 de setembro e no 12 outubro, a independência política em relação a Portugal foi um processo dinâmico no Pará, desde ações e motins nativistas até os dias 11 e 15 de agosto de 1823, este último coroando ou encerrando o processo paraense, complementar, convergindo para a unidade brasileira.
A semana Roger Bastide
Authors: Beylier Charles
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)Entre os professores que vieram com a Missão Francesa nos anos 1935, ensinar na F acuidade de São Paulo, recém-fundada, o Professor Roger Bastide, sociólogo, teve um papel de destaque: deixou no Brasil uma obra considerável em vários campos das Ciências Humanas, além dos escritos publicados na França durante esse mesmo período de 1938 a 1954.
História e Demografia
Authors: Costa Iraci Del Nero da
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)A análise demográfica e os estudos populacionais foram amplamente impulsionados depois da segunda grande guerra mundial; este desenvolvimento recente deve-se a vários fatores. Em primeiro lugar o avanço e universalização das técnicas e métodos de medida; primeiro no que diz respeito ao instrumental teórico - desenvolvimento da demografia pura ou formal - também com o aperfeiçoamento tecnológico ligado à computação. A tais elementos devemos somar o crescente interesse dos cientistas sociais pela construção de modelos explicativos matemáticos inspirados nos das ciências físicas.
Resenha do livro: 'Evolução da idéia de planejamento econômico na América Latina, in "Jahrbuch für Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas"
Authors: Frazão Elza Rossi de Aguiar
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)De forma clara e objetiva, a autora do artigo em questão, assevera que, desde sua emancipação até a crise econômica sobrevinda no ano de 1929, predominaram, nos países da América Latina, as teorias do fisiocratismo sob o lema do laissez faire. A tentativa de industrialização, a partir do Estado,esbarrou em poderosa estrutura econômica de cunho eminentemente colonial.
Percepções de professores em formação inicial na modalidade a distância sobre alguns materiais didáticos do curso de Letras: leitura no papel e leitura na tela
Authors: Kanashiro Daniela Sayuri Kawamoto , Rocha Patrícia Graciela da
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo relatar e discutir como os alunos do curso de Letras Português e Espanhol, na modalidade a distância, da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), acessam os conteúdos de Língua Espanhola explicitados em alguns materiais didáticos disponibilizados.  Eles leem na tela ou leem no papel? Que suporte utilizam com mais frequência para abrirem determinados arquivos? Como avaliam a disponibilização dos materiais? De modo geral, verificamos que a maioria dos graduandos prefere ainda a leitura no papel. Para acessar os arquivos digitais, utilizam com mais frequência o notebook e o computador de mesa. A maioria deles avalia positivamente a oportunidade de receber material impresso, como o livro do aluno, por exemplo. Os dados coletados apontam para a necessidade de outras pesquisas, uma vez que, devido aos cortes orçamentários, os materiais impressos não serão mais reproduzidos pela instituição.
Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación y la Enseñanza del Español on line: un análisis de discursos de las disciplinas virtuales del curso de Letras Español a distancia de la UAB-UESPI
Authors: Libório Eulálio Luciana Maria
Published: January 2018

Este artículo presenta un análisis comparativo de los discursos producidos por las disciplinas virtuales Cultura de los Pueblos de lengua Española, Pasantía supervisada IV, Literatura Española I y Lengua Española IV del curso de Letras Español a distancia de la UAB-UESPI. Su objetivo central es investigar cómo se construyeron los sentidos sobre la metodología de enseñanza del español a nivel de un curso de graduación vía internet, analizando cuáles son las estrategias de enunciación presentes en los modos de mostrar, interactuar y seducir de esas disciplinas. La investigación adopta como perspectiva teóricometodológica el Análisis del Discurso y es de carácter cualitativo e interpretativista. Como referencial teórico sobre Educación a Distancia, sociedad en red, tecnologías, literacidad digital y ambiente virtual, nos apoyamos en Kenski (2007), Preti (2005), Castells (1999), Dalmonte (2009), Lévy (1993), Snyder (2009). Sobre lenguaje, sujeto, heterogeneidades enunciativas y discursos, en Bakthin (2003), Foucault (2009), Joly (2005) y Pinto (2002). El estudio también se apoya en la la Teoría de los Discursos Sociales (Pinto, 2002) y en el concepto de Contrato de Lectura (Verón, 2004).
Sex and Race Differences in Lifetime Risk of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Omar Wally , Ayers Colby , LaMonte Michael , Klein Liviu , Allen Norrina B. , Kuller Lewis H. , Greenland Philip , Eaton Charles B. , Gottdiener John S. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Berry Jarett D.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Lifetime risk of heart failure has been estimated to range from 20% to 46% in diverse sex and race groups. However, lifetime risk estimates for the 2 HF phenotypes, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), are not known.

Methods:

Participant-level data from 2 large prospective cohort studies, the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) and MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), were pooled, excluding individuals with prevalent HF at baseline. Remaining lifetime risk estimates for HFpEF (EF ≥45%) and HFrEF (EF <45%) were determined at different index ages with the use of a modified Kaplan-Meier method with mortality and the other HF subtype as competing risks.

Results:

We included 12 417 participants >45 years of age (22.2% blacks, 44.8% men) who were followed up for median duration of 11.6 years with 2178 overall incident HF events with 561 HFrEF events and 726 HFpEF events. At the index age of 45 years, the lifetime risk for any HF through 90 years of age was higher in men than women (27.4% versus 23.8%). Among HF subtypes, the lifetime risk for HFrEF was higher in men than women (10.6% versus 5.8%). In contrast, the lifetime risk for HFpEF was similar in men and women. In race-stratified analyses, lifetime risk for overall HF was higher in nonblacks than blacks (25.9% versus 22.4%). Among HF subtypes, the lifetime risk for HFpEF was higher in nonblacks than blacks (11.2% versus 7.7%), whereas that for HFrEF was similar across the 2 groups. Among participants with antecedent myocardial infarction before HF diagnosis, the remaining lifetime risks for HFpEF and HFrEF were up to 2.5-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, compared with those without antecedent myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

Lifetime risks for HFpEF and HFrEF vary by sex, race, and history of antecedent myocardial infarction. These insights into the distribution of HF risk and its subtypes could inform the development of targeted strategies to improve population-level HF prevention and control.
Right Ventricular Myofilament Functional Differences in Humans With Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Versus Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hsu Steven , Kokkonen-Simon Kristen M. , Kirk Jonathan A. , Kolb Todd M. , Damico Rachel L. , Mathai Stephen C. , Mukherjee Monica , Shah Ami A. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Hassoun Paul M. , Halushka Marc K. , Tedford Ryan J. , Kass David A.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have a far worse prognosis than those with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). In the intact heart, SSc-PAH exhibits depressed rest and reserve right ventricular (RV) contractility compared with IPAH. We tested whether this disparity involves underlying differences in myofilament function.

Methods:

Cardiac myocytes were isolated from RV septal endomyocardial biopsies from patients with SSc-PAH, IPAH, or SSc with exertional dyspnea but no resting PAH (SSc-d); control RV septal tissue was obtained from nondiseased donor hearts (6–7 per group). Isolated myocyte passive length-tension and developed tension-calcium relationships were determined and correlated with in vivo RV function and reserve. RV septal fibrosis was also examined.

Results:

Myocyte passive stiffness from length-tension relations was similarly increased in IPAH and SSc-PAH compared with control, although SSc-PAH biopsies had more interstitial fibrosis. More striking disparities were found between active force-calcium relations. Compared with controls, maximal calcium-activated force (F
max
) was 28% higher in IPAH but 37% lower in SSc-PAH. F
max
in SSc-d was intermediate between control and SSc-PAH. The calcium concentration required for half-maximal force (EC
50
) was similar between control, IPAH, and SSc-d but lower in SSc-PAH. This disparity disappeared in myocytes incubated with the active catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. Myocyte F
max
directly correlated with in vivo RV contractility assessed by end-systolic elastance (

R
2

=0.46,
P
=0.002) and change in end-systolic elastance with exercise (

R
2

=0.49,
P
=0.008) and was inversely related with exercise-induced chamber dilation (

R
2

=0.63,
P
<0.002), which also was a marker of depressed contractile reserve.

Conclusions:

A primary defect in human SSc-PAH resides in depressed sarcomere function, whereas this is enhanced in IPAH. These disparities correlate with in vivo RV contractility and contractile reserve and are consistent with worse clinical outcomes in SSc-PAH. The existence of sarcomere disease before the development of resting PAH in patients with SSc-d suggests that earlier identification and intervention may prove useful.
The Marginalization of Astrology in Seventeenth-Century Scotland
Authors: Ridder-Patrick Jane
Published: January 2018

As evidenced by student notebooks, astrology was a core component of the university curriculum in Scotland until the late seventeenth century. Edinburgh University Library catalogues document that purchases of astrology books peaked in the 1670s. By 1700, however, astrology’s place in academia had been irrevocably lost. The reasons for this abrupt elimination include changes in natural philosophy as scholastic ideas and texts were shed and Cartesianism, Copernicanism, Newtonianism and the experimental and observational methods were adopted. The changing identity of astrological practitioners also played a major role, as did the personal animosity of influential individuals like the mathematician and astronomer David Gregory.
The genus Spryginia (Brassicaceae) in Iran and Afghanistan
Authors: AMIRI MOHAMMAD SADEGH , MEHRVARZ SHAHRIAR SAEIDI , MOAZZENI HAMID , JOHARCHI MOHAMMAD REZA , MEMARIANI FARSHID , GERMAN DMITRY A.
Published: January 2018

The oligotypic Irano-Turanian mustard genus Spryginia (Brassicaceae, Euclidieae) is revised in Iran and Afghanistan. Species composition and distribution within the region are clarified. Unlike previously believed, the genus includes two (not one) species in the studied area. Both S. afghanica and S. winkleri are distributed in Afghanistan while only the latter species occurs in Iran representing the first record of the genus for the country. Updated morphological descriptions, data on type specimens, ecology, phenology, and distribution map of both species within the studied area are provided. Spryginia winkleri is illustrated based on Iranian material. A modified generic key is also presented.
Habenaria ocadiziana (Habenariinae: Orchidaceae) a new and unusual species from western Mexico
Authors: PEINADO-ARELLANES JESUS MANUEL
Published: January 2018

The genus Habenaria Willdenow (1805: 5,44) is one of the most diverse and most complex genus in the Orchidaceae, with approximately 800 species. It has a Pantropical geographical distribution. (Ames 1910, Williams 1951, McVaugh 1985, González 1993, and Batista et al. 2011a, 2011b). Recently Habenaria luquanensis G.W.Hu in Long et al. (2015: 190) was described from China, H. fimbriatiloba (Kolanowska 2016: 96) from Nepal and H. reflexicalcar J.A.N.Bat. & B.M.Carvalho in Batista et al. (2016: 278), H. hippocrepica J.A.N.Bat & Bianch in Batista et al. (2016: 282), H. quadriferricola J.A.N.Bat. & B.M.Carvalho in Batista et al. (2016: 286) and H. espinhacensis J.A.N. Bat. & A.A.Vale from Brazil in Batista et al. (2016: 288). However, a new species has been discovered recently, H. yookuaaensis Mejía-Marín, Espejo, López-Ferr. & R.Jiménez in Mejía-Marín et al. (2017: 74) increasing the number of known taxa in Mexico.
[ARTICLE WITHDRAWN] Efficient Extraction of Named Entities from New Domains Using Big Data Analytics
Authors: Saju C. Janarish , Ravimaran S.
Published: January 2018

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the publisher in December 2020.
Hardware Evaluation and Software Framework Construction for Performance Measurement of Embedded Processor
Authors: Uma S. , Sakthivel P.
Published: January 2018

A frame work for analysing the capabilities and area of improvements for working of an embedded processor is constructed, and also a methodology for comparative study of simulation of processor on load and hardware results are explained in this paper. The processor can be modelled as
a standalone processor or as a group of processors working together to take parallel program execution mode. The proposed frame work and simulation method uses the processor representation of current embedded processor model which is relevant in product design and devices modelling. This system
utilizes the ARM processor model which consists of programs used for computing and standardizing the operational quality of a processor for any particular domain of applications. This paper presents steps for creating experimental framework which uses a simulation system running on a Linux
based operating system along with kernel for running test applications on the target which is run in simulation mode. To evaluate the simulation with respect to the real hardware, this paper has made an observation of cache related performance of a typical embedded processor. The processor
which is taken for the study is ARM926EJ-S processor. The future architectural components will be designed and simulated in the framework as continuation of this experiment. Their ARM9 technology equivalent design parameters for configurable modules of CPU in 1.8 micro-meter and experimental
nano-meter level implementation would be calculated with architecture component design tools.
Analysis of Area and Delay for Floating Point Matrix Multiplication
Authors: Bessant Y. R. Annie , Latha T.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a new area and delay minimization architecture is proposed for rank-1 update matrix–matrix multiplication whose inputs are double precision floating point number. The architecture design is based on pipelined multiplication which handles matrix of arbitrary sizes;
the processing data are stored in dedicated on-chip BRAM. This minimization is introduced to designers as a trade-off between bandwidth and local memory. Analysis is presented for the design parameters optimal choice. In addition, Vedic matrix multiplication architecture is given in order
to explore the variations in power, delay and memory. The hardware architecture is described in Verilog HDL synthesized for a family virtex-6 and device xc6vlx240t FPGA, which scale more than 40 processing elements. Various parameters like LUTs, Slices, bonded IOBs, frequency, DSP48E1S, delay,
Power, CPU Completion time and Memory usage are analysed. Rank 1 update consumes a power of 2.520 watt and has a delay of 5.277 ns respectively. Comparing other rank-1 multiplication methods our proposed algorithms uses 15% less area resources and improves the delay in 12%.
Kinematic Response of Crash Condition for Ergonomic Child Restraint System in Aircraft
Authors: Kamarbhari Syakirah , Aziz Faieza Abdul , Romli Fairuz Izzuddin
Published: January 2018

The development of the automotive Child Restraint System (CRS) has reached its utmost success in many aspects, especially in ergonomic aspect. However, the development of (CRS) for aircraft use that is specifically designed for infants is still under comprehensive research and development.
This paper focused on modelling and analyzing the kinematic response in crash condition for the new design of the Ergonomic CRS that was purposely designed to occupy infants below 24 months of age. The objective of this study is to simulate the performance of an Ergonomic CRS final concept
design that occupy with infant in crash condition. This analysis involved the application of HyperMesh and LS DYNA software to model and simulates the new Ergonomic CRS for infants under the crash condition; with the presence of a 12 month old virtual infant dummy. The outcome from this study
showed that the new concept of Ergonomic CRS could provide an adequate safety level as other existing device while, at the same time could deliver better comfort, usability and convenient towards the end users.
Controlling of Robot Hand by Using Microcontroller with Visual Basic
Authors: Dalef Huda Hatam , Aziz Faieza Abdul , Hasan Wan Zuha Wan , Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd
Published: January 2018

The robot arm is the most popular robotic form used in industry. Thus, it is crucial to make a system programming which could controlled the movement of each part in the industrial robot to make it works properly. One of the simplest models of the robot arm is EDARM ED-7100 which has
a controller to control the movement of the robot arm manually. In this study, the robot controller has been redesigned in order to improve this robot's function. The new controller system used AT89S52 microcontroller which has wire connected to the robot hand. A function has been added with
this controller to improve the system of controlling and becomes better than the previous system (only manually). The functions of the new system include three modes for operating: manual, automatic, and computer-based. Mathematical model has been derived through an empirical method to specify
the robot configuration changes. It was found from the experiment that the robot arm's movement is following a linear function.
An Extended Cross Layer Approach Handling Asymmetry with Quality of Service, Congestion Avoidance and Congestion Aware Routing
Authors: Yuvaraj N. , Thangaraj P.
Published: January 2018

Nodes in wireless multi-hop networks establish links with their neighbors that are used for data transmission. In Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) working in an ad hoc model, a transmission region of mesh routers and mesh clients is heterogeneous which cause link asymmetry. The cross-layer
framework was developed to handle link asymmetry problems such as unidirectional link issue, heterogeneous exposed problem and heterogeneous hidden problem. Additionally, congestion control and quality of service (QoS) requirements are required to enhance the performance of network. Hence,
in this paper, the Cross Layer approach Handling Link Asymmetry (CHLA) is extended as quality-of-service aware routing (CHLA-QSAR) and quality-of-service with congestion control aware routing (CHLA-QSCCAR). QoS requirements are achieved by Signal strength estimation, network capacity estimation,
MAC scheduling, Link Scheduling and Slot assignment. Congestion is controlled by a proposed bandwidth management mechanism by congestion window management dependent on the dynamic incidents of traffic conditions. Moreover, congestion avoidance mechanism is also proposed with Quality of Service
with Congestion aware routing (QSCACAR). The simulation is conducted for CHLA, CHLA-QSAR, and CHLA-QSCCAR and CHLA-QSCACAR methods in terms of bit error rate, end to end delay, latency, routing overheads and throughput. The simulation results proved that each proposed work is consecutively
improving the performance than CHLA.
Application of Box Benkhen Design in the Investigation of GTA Welded Bead Profile Characteristics on AA6061 Using Alternating Shielding Gases
Authors: Govindasamy Mahadevan , Tamilkolundhu Senthilkumar , Murugesan Chandrasekar
Published: January 2018

The present investigation is aimed to study the effect of alternate supply of the shielding gas in different alternating frequencies in comparison with the conventional method of GTA welding with pure argon gas. The three sets combination is used as 1.0–0.0, 0.5–0.5 and
0.75–0.25 s to supply alternative shielding gas argon and helium respectively. The influence of alternating shielding gases on the bead profile characteristics like depth and area of penetration is studied. Bead-on-plate welding is performed on a 6 mm thickness AA6061 aluminium alloy
at different combinations of input parameters like welding current (I), welding speed (S) and alternating frequency of helium gas (T). Box behnken design is used to find the combinations of input parameters with three levels of each parameter. Response surface methodology
is used to establish a mathematical model which is used to predict the weld bead characteristics like depth and area of penetration. The influence of process parameters on the weld bead characteristics is investigated using the developed model. Bead characteristics are strongly influenced
by alternating frequency of helium shielding gas followed by welding current, welding speed. Surface plot and contour graph are developed from the results of regression equation, which are utilized in the optimization of process parameters to maximize the weld bead characteristics. From this
investigation, it is found that the bead-on-plate welding done with welding current of 190 A, welding speed of 236.66 mm/min and alternating frequency of helium gas of 0.5 s exhibited maximum depth and area of penetration of 4.95 mm and 31.88 mm2 respectively.
Determination of the Activity Concentrations of Radium Isotopes in Soils of Some Farms in the Saudi Eastern Province and Estimation of Radiation Dose
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Hanan
Published: January 2018

In this study, Surveillance monitoring in nine farms at the eastern province in Saudi Arabia has been carried out to assess the radiological hazards from radium isotopes in soil. The 226Ra and 228Ra were measured by high purity germanium detector after been extracted
from large volume irrigation water samples using strong cation exchange resin. The activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in the surface soil samples were measured by gamma spectrometry and their mean activities were 17.2 and 11.3 Bq/kg dry weight respectively. Good
correlation was found between the radium content in soils and the sand component of the soil, and also between the combined radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra) in the irrigation water and soil. The absorbed dose rate from external gamma radiation due to the combined radium
in soils and the corresponding annual effective dose were estimated and found to be lower than the corresponding world average values. On the basis of the current results, we may conclude that the presence of such activity of the combined radium isotopes in the soils of the investigated farms
may not pose any radiological hazards to the public.
Noncircular Iris Segmentation Based on Weighted Adaptive Hough Transform Using Smartphone Database
Authors: Amjed Noor , Khalid Fatimah , Rahmat Rahmita Wirza O. K. , Madzin Hizmawati Binit
Published: January 2018

Iris segmentation methods work based on ideal imaging conditions which produce good output results. However, the segmentation accuracy of an iris recognition system significantly influences its performance, especially with data that captured in unconstrained environment of the Smartphone.
This paper proposes a novel segmentation method for unconstrained environment of the Smartphone videos based on choose the best frames from the videos and try to enhance the contrast of this frames by applying the two fuzzy logic membership functions on the negative image which delimit between
dark and bright regions in able to make the dark region darker and the bright region brighter. This pre-processing step Facilitates the work of the Weighted Adaptive Hough Transform to automatically find the diameter of the iris region to apply the osiris v4.1. The proposed method results
on the video of (Mobile Iris Challenge Evaluation (MICHE))-I, iris databases indicate a high level of accuracy and more efficient computationally using the proposed technique.
Investigating the Load–Deflection of FRP Material in Concrete Beams Wrapped with CFRP in Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Authors: Jesse S. Margaret , Shanthi V. M.
Published: January 2018

Strengthening Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams using FRP laminate becomes one of the main strengthening techniques. Failure of these beams is usually controlled by the bond strength between the laminate and the concrete. This paper presents the results of experimental investigation on
six reinforced concrete beams, with various types, which were tested under two-point loading. The aim of the work was to study the efficacy of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets in enhancing the beam strength and stiffness from shear failure or flexural failure. The strengthening
and deflection of the beams were carried out with cyclic loading. Experimental data on ultimate load, deflection and failure modes of each of the beams were obtained. For the comparison of CFRP sheet with cement concrete and the retrofitted specimens absorbs more energy, the CFRP beams yield
a good result.
Educational tool for radial electrical distribution networks analysis and optimization studies involving distributed generation units
Authors: Donadel Clainer B , Fardin Jussara F , Encarnação Lucas F
Published: January 2018

The interest in optimization problems involving distributed generation units has grown among undergraduate and graduate students since distributed generation unit connections have been encouraged around the world, requiring efficient power system analysis tools to solve them. The available open access tools are commonly focused on transmission network analysis. On the other hand, commercial tools adapted to radial networks do not allow the students to follow the intermediary calculations and learn with them. In many cases, the students have to develop their own computational tools, which is a time-consuming activity. This paper aims to fill the gap encountered by undergraduate and graduate students when they are performing their optimization problems involving distributed generation units, presenting the advantages of a new power flow tool focused on radial electrical distribution networks with high levels of unbalanced loads which require a three-phase power flow tool to be analyzed. The use of the proposed tool allows the students focus on their research, reducing the time spent on programming, and learning about power flow analysis applied to radial networks.
The Faith of Black Politics: The Relationship Between Black Religious and Political Beliefs
Authors: McDaniel Eric L. , Dwidar Maraam A. , Calderon Hadill
Published: January 2018

Scholars argue that the Black church produces religious messages that foster racial cohesion; however, recent examinations of Black religion note the heterogeneity of the messages and beliefs advanced by Black churches. Several argue that this heterogeneity in Black religious beliefs is reflected in Black political beliefs. This study examines the linkage between heterogeneity in Black religious beliefs and heterogeneity in Black political attitudes. Offering measures of the social gospel, prosperity gospel, and Black theology, we demonstrate that each religious belief system is related to different aspects of Black public opinion. The social gospel is linked to continuing the legacy of the civil rights movement, while the prosperity gospel is associated with a departure from its legacy. Meanwhile, Black theology is linked to racial empowerment and extending the boundaries of Black politics.
A Cross-Cultural Study of the Mediating Role of Implicit Theories of Innovativeness in the Relationship Between Values and Attitudes Toward Innovation
Authors: Grigoryan Lusine K. , Lebedeva Nadezhda , Breugelmans Seger M.
Published: January 2018

This article presents a cross-cultural study on the mediating role of implicit theories of innovativeness in the relationship between basic values and specific attitudes toward innovation. Modernized samples (399 Russians from Moscow and Novokuznetsk) and more traditional samples (194 Chechens and Ingushs from North Caucasus and 200 Tuvins from the Tuva Republic) within the Russian Federation completed the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS), measures of attitudes toward innovation, and an Adjective Check List adapted for measuring implicit theories of innovativeness in the current samples. Main findings include (a) a split in individual and social aspects of implicit theories of innovativeness, (b) different mediation of the effects of Openness to Change and Conservation values, and (c) differences in mediation models between the two samples. Implications of these findings for cross-cultural studies on innovativeness are discussed.
The riddle of adaptation: Revisiting the Hawthorne studies
Authors: Mannevuo Mona
Published: January 2018

This article explores the Hawthorne studies, an industrial research programme conducted at Western Electric Company from 1924 to 1933. The analysis focuses on the longest-running experiment, in which female workers in their twenties operated a relay assembly in a room specially designed for the experiment and were monitored by a group of engineers and industrial researchers. Based on the authoritarian setting, this research situates the experiment in the wider history of making workers through complex systems of value attributions, such as classifications and technologies of characterisation. However, examination of previous research and accounts of the Hawthorne studies suggests that the relay assembly test was also an ambivalent research setting characterised by negotiations and strategies which converged into the dynamics of knowing and being known. This article thus offers a new critical perspective on the experiment by regarding the operators as active players in an industrial labour process game rather than cooperative, adaptive laboratory subjects.
Gender, gendered personality traits and radical right populist voting
Authors: Coffé Hilde
Published: January 2018

Most previous research on radical right populist voting has revealed that men are substantially more likely to favour radical right parties than women. This article explores the interplay between gender, gendered personality traits – as measured by Bem’s Sex Role Inventory – and radical right populist voting. To do so, it makes use of the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) Household Panel (2012 and 2013; N = 4328). The Logit regression analyses reveal no noticeable effect of feminine personality traits, but a significant and positive effect of masculine personality traits on supporting the Dutch radical right party, PVV. Women are significantly less likely to support the PVV, even once gendered personality traits are controlled for, and the effects of gendered personality traits are similar among women and men.
Lender–entrepreneur relationships and credit risk: A global analysis of microfinance institutions
Authors: Shahriar Abu Zafar M. , Garg Mukesh
Published: January 2018

Prior research suggests that long-term relationships with microfinance institutions (MFIs) are necessary for sustained growth of microcredit-initiated small businesses. However, we present robust evidence that long-term lending relationships may worsen the credit risk of MFIs. Based on information on 1087 MFIs from 69 countries over the period of 2003–2014, we show that, at the initial stage, credit risk declines as an MFI makes more relationship-based loans, but after a certain level, default and delinquencies increase with the magnitude of relationships. We further show that the non-linear, U-shaped, association between relationship lending and credit risk is stronger (a) among small MFIs compared to that among large MFIs and (b) among MFIs that make individual loans compared to those making joint liability-based loans. We discuss policy implications of these findings.
Bang for the buck: Understanding employee benefit allocations and new venture survival
Authors: Messersmith Jake G , Patel Pankaj C , Crawford Christopher
Published: January 2018

Providing employee benefits is costly for new ventures, yet offering such inducements is often essential to developing human capital. While a broad combination of employee benefits could yield synergistic effects, adopting a large number of benefits may not be feasible for resource constrained ventures. To ensure survival, while limiting misallocation of scarce resources towards benefits that have lower returns, entrepreneurs must be selective in choosing the benefits that generate the most ‘bang for the buck’. Our study assesses the effects of employee benefit offerings on venture survival odds. Based on a longitudinal sample of 1012 US-based ventures from the Kauffman Firm Survey and leveraging, signalling and motivation theories, we find that offering health insurance, flexible work schedules, paid vacation, or paid sick leave increase the odds of survival. However, offering employee stock ownership plans or tuition reimbursement has no significant influence on the odds of survival.
Extending the concept of familiness to relational capability: A Belgian micro-brewery study
Authors: McGrath Helen , O’Toole Thomas
Published: January 2018

While research in family businesses has focused on familiness as a resource with potential to generate competitive advantage, a gap exists in understanding how such value can be extended to wider business relationships. We contribute to an increased understanding of how familiness can influence the development of relational capability in entrepreneurial family firms. Using a business relational and family embedded perspective, we advance a conceptualisation of the link between familiness and relational capability based on an analysis of the extant literature and qualitative case research. The critical role of the family identity emerges through the empirical study. As such, we find six relational processes across family identity which link or mitigate the movement between familiness and relational capability. Theoretical and practical implications are offered.
The motivational drivers underlying for-profit venture creation: Comparing social and commercial entrepreneurs
Authors: Clark Kevin D , Newbert Scott L , Quigley Narda R
Published: January 2018

Despite the increase in scholarship on social entrepreneurship over the years, there is a lack of large-scale empirical research from which generalizations about social entrepreneurs can be made. As such, our understanding of these individuals is limited. In particular, we know little about the drivers motivating social entrepreneurs in their quest to create for-profit ventures and whether they differ from those of commercial entrepreneurs. In response to a call to investigate the possibility of such differences, we analyse data from Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II (PSED II) and find evidence to suggest that nascent entrepreneurs seeking to create for-profit social ventures have higher levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and more ambitious goals than their commercial counterparts. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for academics and practitioners.
A relational lifecycle model of the emergence of network capability in new ventures
Authors: McGrath Helen , O’Toole Thomas , Marino Lou , Sutton-Brady Catherine
Published: January 2018

This article presents a relational lifecycle model of the emergence of network capability in new ventures. Network capability is defined as a strategic ability learned in interaction with business partners. We focus on the foundational phases and processes of the emergence of this dynamic capability. The lifecycle model comprises three phases that evolve over time in tandem with the level of network engagement. The qualitative study identifies five tipping points or critical changes that move new ventures between the lifecycle phases. Using a sample of new ventures in a longitudinal action research design, the article demonstrates how new ventures emerge in network capability through increasingly complex and multilayered engagement processes with business partners. The relational lifecycle model contributes to the literature on how network capability emerges over time through the dynamics of interaction between business partners as new venture networks evolve and change.
Coexpression of CD3 and CD20 in Canine Enteropathy-Associated T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Noland Erica L. , Kiupel Matti
Published: January 2018

The majority of primary intestinal lymphomas in dogs are T-cell lymphomas, with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) large cell type (type 1) being the most common. While most T-cell lymphomas express the T-cell marker CD3, there is increasing evidence that some human and canine T-cell lymphomas coexpress the B-cell marker CD20. We describe 3 cases of CD3+, CD20+, Pax5- EATL type 1 in dogs. All 3 cases had clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gamma. Initial clinical signs included weight loss, inappetence, diarrhea, and/or vomiting. The mean age was 9 years (range 3–12). Survival was highly variable ranging from 20 days to longer than 1.6 years. Considering the different chemotherapeutic response of T-cell versus B-cell lymphomas, accurate diagnosis of lymphomas coexpressing CD3 and CD20 as EATL type 1 based on histologic features and clonality results is important. Regardless, the clinical and/or prognostic significance of neoplastic T cells expressing CD20 is unclear.
Localization of Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 2 E6 and E7 RNA in Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hoggard Nathan , Munday John S. , Luff Jennifer
Published: January 2018

Findings from polymerase chain reaction–based methods have suggested a role of Felis catus papillomavirus 2 (FcaPV-2) in the development of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, because polymerase chain reaction cannot localize deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid within the lesion, it is difficult to differentiate a coincidental FcaPV-2 infection and a causative association. Given that a key event in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus–induced cancer is the expression of viral E6 and E7 oncogenes, localization of FcaPV-2 E6 and E7 transcription within neoplastic cells in feline SCCs would support a causative role for this papillomavirus. Therefore, RNAscope in situ hybridization was used to localize FcaPV-2 E6 and E7 transcripts in 18 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of cutaneous SCC. Positive signals were present within 5 of 9 samples (56%) from ultraviolet-protected sites and 0 of 9 samples from ultraviolet-exposed sites. In the 4 in situ hybridization–positive samples that contained adjacent hyperplastic skin, hybridization patterns in these regions were characterized by intense nuclear signals within the superficial epidermis and punctate signals within the basal epithelial layers. However, within the 5 SCCs, punctate signals were present within all layers of the epidermis, with progressive loss of intense nuclear signals within the superficial epidermis. This hybridization pattern is consistent with unregulated E6 and E7 transcription and decreased viral replication and is similar to the pattern observed in human papillomavirus–induced cancers as they progress from hyperplastic lesions containing productive infections to nonproductive neoplasms. These findings support a causative role for FcaPV-2 in the pathogenesis of feline SCC.
In Vitro Comparison of Blood Pump Induced Platelet Microaggregates between a Centrifugal and Roller Pump During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Linneweber J. , Chow T.W. , Kawamura M. , Moake J.L. , Nosè Y.
Published: January 2018

Platelets are consumed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and mechanical ventricular assistance, at least partly as a result of the formation of platelet microaggregates in the blood pump. There is no commonly accepted method currently available to detect platelet microaggregates during the use of CPB or left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). The purpose of this study was to develop a flow cytometric method for the quantification of platelet microaggregates generated in blood pumps, and to evaluate the effect of cellular fragments from hemolyzed erythrocytes on the perioperative assessment of platelet counts during CPB.

Method

Fresh human anticoagulated blood (1IU heparin /mL, activated clotting time 250 ± 24 sec.) was circulated for 120 minutes in an artificial circulatory system, containing either a centrifugal pump (CP) or roller pump (RP). Whole blood was used to quantify platelet consumption and to detect circulating platelet microaggregates in a flow cytometer. Platelet consumption was additionally analyzed using an automated “Coulter” blood cell counter. Hemolysis was analyzed by measurement of plasma free hemoglobin (fHb), as well a by flow cytometric detection of red blood cell (RBC) fragments.

Results

Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated significantly more circulating platelet aggregates and platelet consumption in the RP than in the CP (p<0.01). Quantification of RBC fragments and plasma free hemoglobin (fHb) levels also indicated significantly increased hemolysis in the RP than in the CP (p<0.01). In contrast, the Coulter count data indicated less platelet consumption in the PP compared to the CP.

Conclusion

Fragments from hemolyzed erythrocytes have the same size distribution as intact platelets and the number of RBC fragments correlates with the extent of pump-induced hemolysis during CPB. Our data suggest that assessment of platelets by “Coulter counting” cannot distinguish platelets from RBC fragments and may underestimate platelet consumption in the presence of hemolysis during CPB. We conclude that flow cytometry is more accurate in the perioperative assessment of platelet count and platelet aggregation during CPB and LVAD support.
Is Decreased Treatment Time in Hemodialysis Patients Harmful if Solute Clearance is Maintained?
Authors: Hartley G.H. , Goodship T.H.J. , Hoenich N.A. , Hawkins T. , Fawcett P.R.W. , McHugh M.I. , Tapson J.S.
Published: January 2018

An association between decreased duration of hemodialysis and increased morbidity and mortality in patients has been suggested. Whether this is due only to decreased solute clearance is unclear. In this prospective randomised study the effect of reducing treatment time whilst maintaining constant solute clearance was examined in fourteen patients. The study lasted for a period of 36 weeks (3×12 week study periods) and used a crossover design. The patients dialysis prescription (Kt/V) was not changed on entering the study and was maintained during short (150 minutes) and long dialysis (240 minutes) by varying blood flow, dialysate flow and dialyzer surface area. The delivered Kt/V was kinetically assessed. Fractional urea clearance was also measured during each treatment period by measurement of urea concentration in spent dialysate and total body water using 3H2O. At the end of each treatment period a full biochemical and hematological profile, nutritional intake and status, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, nerve conduction studies, and quality of life questionnaire were performed. Within patients the delivered single pool Kt/V was uniform throughout the 3 treatment periods and fractional urea clearance did not vary. However, Kt/V assessed using equilibrated models (Daugardis and Smye) was significantly lower in the short dialysis period. No differences between short and long dialysis sessions were noted in any of the measured variables. Thus, over a 36 week period there is no evidence to suggest that hemodialysis patients are adversely affected by decreased duration of treatment provided that solute clearance is maintained.
Teaching Technology with Technology: Computer Assisted Lessons in the Medical School - The First Italian Experience in Nephrology and Dialysis
Authors: Piccoli G.B. , Burdese M. , Bergamo D. , Mezza E. , Soragna G. , Quaglia M. , Gai M. , Garofletti Y. , Martino B. , D'Aquino G. , Gino M. , Biancone L. , Jeantet A. , Segoloni G.P.
Published: January 2018

Background

Dialysis is often neglected in academic teaching. At the University of Torino, Italy, teaching Nephrology (4th year of Medical School) consists of 21 hours of formal lessons, 10 hours/student of interactive lessons (4/10 dedicated to dialysis) and 10 optional lessons (3 regarding dialysis). Interactive and optional lessons widely employ computer assisted teaching. Aim of the study was to evaluate student satisfaction on this approach.

Methods

Student satisfaction was assessed on 4 sample lessons (166 students), by two short dedicated questionnaires (0–10 scale, open questions).

Results

High scores were given to the dialysis lessons (median 8/10). Computer assisted interface (median 8/10, range 6–10) was of help in check of knowledge in real time (86%), enhancing participation (61%); 62% suggest extending this experience to selected courses, 38% to all.

Conclusions

Medical students consider dialysis an important part of the academic teaching of Nephrology; new interfaces may help to enhance student satisfaction.