bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post–release Survival of Rehabilitated Brazilian Free–tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala)
Authors: Voigt Maena
Published: February 2022

Post–release studies of post–release behavior and survival are crucial to evaluate wildlife rehabilitation efficacy. Although large numbers of animals are admitted for rehabilitation across the country, few post–release survival studies have been conducted. Post–release studies are the only way to ascertain an individual’s survival and a key variable in addressing the value of rehabilitation to wildlife populations. The goal of this study was to measure wildlife rehabilitation efficacy. One hypothesis is that capturing and handling stress negatively affects the survival of adult rehabilitated Brazilian free–tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala). The second hypothesis is that injury negatively affects the survival of adult rehabilitated Brazilian free–tailed bats. In order to quantify the effects of capture, handling, and injury in rehabilitated bats the influences on survival, survival rates in three groups of bats were compared. Group one consisted of wild, healthy minimally handled bats; group two consisted of bats captive held and handled; and group three consisted of rehabilitated bats.

High transmitter loss, due to a number of factors, resulted in a small sample size. The results suggest that wildlife rehabilitation may in fact assist in the recovery, release, and survival of individual injured wildlife. There continues to be a need for carefully designed post–release studies with explicit objectives, especially for reintroductions of endangered species and/or captive bred animals.
Formula for Nestling Songbirds(FoNS ): Update for 2008
Authors: Winn Diane , Finke Mark
Published: February 2022

2008 FoNS© diet update.
Life after ‘Non–releasable’
Authors: Greenebaum Aimee
Published: February 2022

None provided.
Rehabilitator’s Guide to Diagnostic Postmortem Examination and Gross Pathology in Waterfowl
Authors: Padgurskis Natalie , Whittington Julia , Kohrt Laura
Published: February 2022

Disease monitoring of wild populations gives wildlife professionals and policy–makers valuable information about the health of ecosystems, wild animal populations, and humans. The wildlife rehabilitator is in a unique position to participate in disease monitoring by caring for a random sampling of wild animals presented for care. By detecting infectious disease, wildlife rehabilitators not only are able to protect their facility and hospitalized patients from the introduction of an infectious pathogen, but also are able to assist with wildlife population management. For this reason, it is important for wildlife rehabilitators to be familiar with clinical signs indicative of infectious disease. As migratory species, waterfowl may be useful sentinels for infectious disease outbreaks. Definitive diagnosis of an infectious etiology may be unattainable until the demise of the animal, making postmortem examination essential. Wildlife rehabilitators can become familiar with the normal appearance of internal organs and submit fresh and fixed tissues for further testing, which is less expensive than sending entire birds for necropsy. Necropsy techniques and a few common conditions (botulism, avian cholera, avian influenza, and duck plague) are described.
FLAP Birds—Dealing with Migratory Birds
Authors: Meredith Emily
Published: February 2022

During spring and fall migrations, birds migrating during the night are attracted by city lights and often collide with Toronto high–rise buildings. Birds also crash into windows during the day as the reflections create an illusion of open sky. Toronto Wildlife Centre (TWC) works with the Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP) to assess and treat the birds that have been injured. In peak flight times 20 to100 birds can arrive at the centre daily. The arrival of so many birds can be a daunting task if one is unprepared. Discussion focuses on how to deal with these rehabilitation patients, the most common injuries, housing, and diet concerns.
Regulations Impacting Use of Volunteers, Interns, and Staff: Excessive Bureaucracy or Ensuring Quality Animal Care?
Authors: Casey Allan , Casey Shirley , Konishi Kathy
Published: February 2022

Many wildlife rehabilitators holding licenses or permits, especially those operating high volume rehabilitation facilities, often enlist help from others (volunteers, staff, interns), most of whom have not undergone rehabilitation licensure themselves, to perform tasks involving direct animal care. Recently, at least one wildlife agency clarified in their regulations how unlicensed people assisting rehabilitators with direct wildlife care should be trained and supervised, permitted tasks they can perform, and new recordkeeping requirements. This paper describes what prompted these new regulations, approved in Colorado in 2009, on a key aspect of rehabilitation that generally has not been addressed in state regulations, a description of the new regulations, and the predictable and varied reactions from rehabilitators. Since rehabilitator practices regarding the training, supervising, and monitoring of unlicensed volunteers, staff, and/or interns can have a direct impact on the possession, release, and quality of animal care, other state wildlife agencies may consider similar regulations to help ensure an acceptable level of care by specifying requirements for all of the people involved in the rehabilitation process.
When Pets Attack Wildlife—Part 1: What Can Happen
Authors: Casey Shirley , Goldthwait Mackenzie
Published: February 2022

Millions of wild animals are chased, captured, and harmed by domestic pets each year. This paper describes a variety of wild animal health problems that can be found after such pet attacks, whether directly related to the pet or related to conditions that may have occurred before or after the pet encounter.
When Pets Attack Wildlife—Part 2: What to Do
Authors: Casey Shirley , Goldthwait Mackenzie
Published: February 2022

Many wild animals are admitted to rehabilitation as a result of capture and injury by cats and dogs. Review of published literature, as well as discussions with veterinarians and wildlife rehabilitators, often focuses on use of antibiotics to address potential infections resulting from exposure to bacteria in the pet’s mouth. This paper offers some reminders to identify the full suite of possible conditions, to assess if the wild animal is able to survive and be released, and to consider then a range of possible treatment options—rather than automatically turning to antibiotics as a solution when antibiotics may not be appropriate nor the only option.
Case Outcomes and Treatment Length for Wild Birds with Neurologic Signs after Traumatic Impact Injury
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas
Published: February 2022

Wild birds commonly are presented with trauma at wildlife clinics and rehabilitation centers. Trauma can affect multiple body systems including the nervous system. Since specific diagnosis of nervous system injuries is more difficult compared to other body system injuries and may require advanced imaging, individuals often are treated symptomatically. This retrospective study focused on wild birds that presented with primary neurologic signs after a confirmed or presumed impact injury (vehicular trauma, window collision, or wire strike). The case outcomes, mean number of days in rehabilitation prior to release, and most commonly affected species were identified from data collected by Tri–State Bird Rescue and Research, Inc., (TSBRR) over 10 years. Further studies could be done to investigate the influence of species, type and severity of neurologic signs, and different treatment modalities on case outcomes and duration of treatment.
Botulism...Or Is It?
Authors: Miller Erica , Brunner Emily , Driscoll Cindy , McGowan Peter
Published: February 2022

In August 2012, during routine surveys of Poplar Island, MD, shorebirds and ducks were found in varying stages of paralysis. Some birds were ‘wing walking,’ others could barely hold up their heads, some had lost function of the nictitans, and many more were dead. These clinical signs, combined with the location, climate, and water conditions, were highly suggestive of avian botulism. As biologists from the US Fish & Wildlife Service teamed with the MD state wildlife veterinarian, Maryland Environmental Service, and staff and volunteers from Tri–State Bird Rescue & Research to capture and care for the affected birds, laboratory tests suggested something besides botulism might be present. This presentation describes the combined efforts of these groups and six separate laboratories to unravel the mystery of this epornitic and to provide treatment to those birds rescued live.
Protocol Followed for Management of Hypernatremia in a White–tailed Deer Fawn (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Rosenhagen Nichole , Whittington Julia
Published: February 2022

A white‒tailed deer fawn with suspected trauma presented to a wildlife medical facility in central Illinois. Initial triage revealed clinical signs highly indicative of head trauma and shock, including ataxia, disorientation, and tachycardia. The fawn was administered subcutaneous isotonic fluids and oral meloxicam. The following day, hematologic evaluation revealed profound hypernatremia and azotemia. Meloxicam was discontinued and treatment with slow intravenous administration of 5 percent dextrose in water (D5W) was initiated to correct the hypovolemia and hypernatremia. Within three days, the fawn was able to suckle and ambulate normally. Chemistry values returned to normal within one week of admission. Electrolyte disturbances are common in orphaned neonatal animals suffering from starvation, dehydration, and shock, and inappropriate fluid therapy in the face of these disturbances may further compromise an animal’s condition. Thus, the fluid composition, rate, and route of administration are critical for care of these patients.
Response Planning for Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers: An Infectious Disease Management Policy— Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Authors: Willette Michelle , Schott Renée
Published: February 2022

Free–ranging and captive wildlife can serve as reservoirs for pathogenic diseases in humans, livestock, or poultry. In contrast to zoological institutions, there has been little to no infectious disease response planning by managed captive avian wildlife facilities such as wildlife or raptor rehabilitation centers. It is incumbent upon each managed captive wildlife facility to assure regulators that the facility and its operations do not pose a threat to public health or animal agriculture. This is accomplished by working with local regulators and stakeholders to develop infectious disease policies and management plans appropriate to each facility in order to protect staff, volunteers and the general public, animal agriculture, wild animals, and the environment. In 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) originating from Eurasia spread along wild bird migratory pathways into North America. This paper uses HPAIV as an example to assist facilities in developing an effective infectious disease management policy.
Minimum Standards for Wildlife Rehabilitation—It's All About You
Authors: Fox Wendy
Published: February 2022

None provided.
Cost of the Outdoor Cat and Dog
Authors: Garrigan Emily , Young Tracie , Hagerty Bridgette
Published: February 2022

Invasive species pose a threat to native wildlife species worldwide. Through predation, competition, disturbance, hybridization, and disease transmission, invasive mammals interrupt natural ecosystem functions. Domestic dogs and cats affect wild populations of mammal, avian, and reptile species. Wildlife rehabilitation centers accept wild animals as patients for treatment after they have had contact with a domestic animal with the goal of releasing them back into the environment. The authors’ objective was to evaluate the impacts of domestic cats and dogs on small mammals and birds located in south central Pennsylvania. Wildlife rehabilitators rely on the public to bring them injured animals. Species bias exists among rescuers, as such, this study was not a comprehensive assessment of the problem in Pennsylvania. 

Survival of patients admitted to Raven Ridge Wildlife Center in Lancaster County, PA between July 2015 and June 2016 was analyzed based on species, reason for admission, location, and season. Survival of patients who had been attacked by cats was significantly lower than those admitted for any other reason. Cats and dogs impacted 23 species, including three rabies vector species. Eastern cottontails accounted for a majority of cat and dog attacks. Moreover, no admitted avian species survived a dog or cat attack on any occasion. Attacks by both dogs and cats increased during breeding season (March–August) for many species, with most attacks occurring in urban areas. Care for wildlife injured by dogs and cats cost Raven Ridge Wildlife Center an estimated $7,557.00 in one year. Wildlife rehabilitators should focus on reducing the likelihood of these attacks through public outreach. Both cat and dog attacks occurred near locations identified as important breeding habitat for threatened or endangered birds, making prevention of these events a priority.
Baylisascaris procyonis
Authors: Sadar Miranda
Published: February 2022

Baylisascaris procyonis or raccoon roundworm is present in over 90 percent of raccoons in some North American populations. While asymptomatic in raccoons, this parasite may affect other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans and has devastating health implications. This article provides information on B. procyonis and is intended to educate both wildlife rehabilitators and the public about potential risks associated with this disease.
Capture Myopathy in Avian Species: A Review
Authors: Shipley Hilary
Published: February 2022

Capture myopathy, also known as exertional myopathy or exertional rhabdomyolysis, is a complication of capture that can render an animal unable to stand or walk after a capture event. The disease is commonly iatrogenic and associated with pursuit, capture or handling of avian or mammalian species. Clinical signs in birds include difficulty or inability to walk or stand, sternal recumbency or hock–sitting, ataxia, knuckling of the toes, pain, depression, tachypnea, trembling, and death. Renal signs, including myoglobinuria, are less common in avian species. The pathogenesis is related to extreme exertion resulting in anaerobic metabolism and metabolic acidosis. Typical changes seen on blood work are extreme elevations of CK and AST, indicators of muscle damage. Pathologic lesions seen in birds with capture myopathy are similar to those seen in mammals, however, cardiac and renal lesions are less common than in mammals. Treatment is difficult, prolonged, and often unsuccessful. Treatment components utilized in case reports include fluid therapy, vitamin E and selenium supplementation, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, and muscle relaxants. Given the low success rate of treatment, careful planning of capture events and minimization of patient stress during handling are crucial in order to avoid capture myopathy and the necessity of treatment.
Reliable Instruments in the Assessment of Schoolar Wellness in the Primary Educational Level
Authors: Ignatova Darinka
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to establish and assess the availability of school wellness in primary education by applying objective and reliable tools for its assessment and / or comparison. The subjects of the analysis are the indicators that allow harmonization and individualization of the differences in motor qualities between experimental and control groups of children, determining the presence of school Wellness in Bulgaria. Object: systematization and analysis of measured specific indicators through objective and reliable tools. In the period from September 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020, a measurement of the speed potential of children from primary education was conducted. To deduce the relationship between the indicators of motor potential in students in the initial educational stage, a method of variation and correlation was applied for analysis of the dynamics
Swimming as Prevention of Harmful Effects of Modern Technologies
Authors: Tumanova Boryana
Published: February 2022

Worrying is the fact that there is a deficit for educational information on health and the role of physical activity for improvining it. Scientists have long found that one of the most risk factors for human health is the lack of physical activity. The development of modern technologies is a growing process in our society and further contributes for the prematurely damaging of the musculoskeletal system. Swimming, as a type of physical activity, gives opportunity for reducing the harmful effects of this process and is a good option for preventing a number of health problems associated with the improper posture while sitting in front of the computer or other smart device. Based on our research’s results were made conclusions focusing on prevention, health support and improving quality of life, by introducing a programme for rising the awareness of the harm and consequences of prolonged sitting in front of computers, as well as avoiding developing dependence on the use of modern technologies and counteracting it through the means of swimming.
Grandes psiquiatras argentinas
Authors: Stagnaro Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

Dossier: Grandes psiquiatras argentinas: Arturo AMEGHINO (1869-1948), René ARDITI ROCHA (1904-1962), Gregorio BERMANN (1894-1972), José T. BORDA (1869-1936), Gonzalo BOSCH (1885-1965), Exequías BRINGAS NÚÑEZ (1904-2000),Domingo CABRED (1859-1929), Raúl CAMINO (1939-2018), Lanfranco CIAMPI (1885-1962), Juan DALMA (1895-1977),  Francisco DE VEYGA (1866-1942), Noel FELDMAN (1928-2001), R. Horacio ETCHEGOYEN (1919-2016), Jorge GARCÍA BADARACCO (1924-2010), Mauricio GOLDENBERG (1916-2006),  José INGENIEROS (1877-1925), Cristofredo JAKOB (1856-1966),  Alejandro KORN (1860 -1936), Enrique Eduardo KRAPF (1901-1963),  Osvaldo LOUDET (1889-1983), Lucio MELÉNDEZ (1844-1901), Braulio MOYANO (1906-1959), Juan M. OBARRIO (1878-1958), Elpidio R. OLIVERA (1924-2016), Carlos Rodolfo PEREYRA (1903-1965),  Enrique PICHON RIVIÈRE (1907-1977), José María RAMOS MEJÍA (1852-1914), Telma RECA (1904-1979), Carolina TOBAR GARCIA (1898-1962), Guillermo VIDAL (1917-2000).
Comparing the Effectiveness of Chiropractic Manipulation and Muscle Energy Technique in Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Treatment
Authors: HATIK Sefa Haktan , TEKİN Demet , BAYRAM Korhan Barış
Published: February 2022

Aim: The effects of chiropractic manipulation, muscle energy technique and home exercise program on pain, depression and functional level were compared in patients diagnosed with sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) in this study.

Materials and Methods: Forty-five volunteer patients aged 20-65 years who were diagnosed with SIJD participated in this study. The patients were tested through chiropractic and orthopedic examination methods, and aspects of dysfunction were detected. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: Chiropractic Manipulation Group (CM), Muscle Energy Technique Group (MET), Control Group. All groups were assigned a home exercise program. All treatment groups were evaluated with numerical pain scale (NPS), Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (OLBPDQ), Beck depression inventory (BDI) and algometer before and after treatment. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis, Kruskal-Wallis tests in intergroup comparisons, Mann-Whitney U tests in pairwise comparisons, and Friedman, post-hoc Wilcoxon Rank tests were used for intragroup comparisons. The statistical significance value was set at p
Models of Water Vapor Sorption by Hydrophilic Polymers
Authors: Ioelovich Michael
Published: February 2022

Various models and equations of water vapor sorption by hydrophilic polymers were considered. It was shown that these models often do not correspond to the sorption mechanism. These models can be mathematically adapted to the experimental isotherm regardless of the real sorption mechanism. Even when sorption occurs according to the same mechanism, various authors use different models and equations. This study is based on the volume absorption mechanism and the Van Krevelen method of group contributions. As a result, a universal physicochemical equation was proposed, which makes it possible to adequately describe the sorption isotherms of amorphous hydrophilic polymers knowing only the chemical formulas of repeating units of these polymers. To calculate the sorption isotherms for semicrystalline samples, it is necessary to use an additional parameter, namely the degree of amorphicity (Y). The adequacy of the derived equation was verified for samples of cellulose and other natural polysaccharides, as well as for samples of synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide-6, and polycaprolactone having various Y-values. The verification showed that the experimental isotherms are almost identical to the isotherms calculated by the universal equation.
Dampak Sosial Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Dikalangan Anak dan Upaya Penanggulangannya
Authors: Warsiman Warsiman , Sipahutar Ervina Sari , Saputra Jarnawi Hadi
Published: February 2022

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk Untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang upaya pemberantasan narkotika yang dapat dilakukan oleh anak para remaja di Marelan serta memberikan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya pemberantasan narkotika. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat diharapkan memberikan kontribusi terhadap masyarakat khususnya baik secara teoritis maupun praktis dalam pencegahan maraknya peredaran narkotika. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah metode deskriptif. Karena pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan selengkap mungkin bagaimana bahaya dan ancaman hukum bagi pelaku penyalahgunaan narkotika. Sesuai dengan metode pendekatan yang digunakan, maka dalam analisis pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris. Pendekatan yuridis yaitu mengkaji konsep normatifnya atau mengkaji dengan perundang-undangan. Untuk pendekatan empiris yaitu usaha mendekati masalah yang dihadapi dengan sifat hukum yang nyata apakah sudah sesuai dengan kenyataan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah bertambahnya pengetahuan bagi para peserta yang dalam hal ini adalah ketua RT dan beberapa tokoh masyarakat Marelan tentang bahaya penyalahgunaan narkotika serta dampak hukum yang mengancam bagi para penyalahguna narkotika.
Pelatihan Perencanaan Keuangan Bagi Lembaga Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (LPPA) Wanita Sejati
Authors: Pasaribu Aria Masdiana , Safriandi Ferry , Aginta Windy
Published: February 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk melakukan edukasi perencanaan dan pengelolaan keuangan bagi Lembaga Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (LPPA) Wanita Sejati agar lebih efektif dan optimal sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi Lembaga Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak di Kelurahan Rengas Pulau, Medan Marelan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah ceramah, diskusi dan latihan. Ceramah terdiri dari penyampaian materi terkait dengan definisi sistem pengelolaan keuangan arti penting pengelolaan tersebut untuk kebaikan dan masa depan lembaga tersebut. Peserta juga dilatih untuk membuat anggaran pendapatan dan pengeluaran yang benar secara manual. Peserta kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah kelompok ibu-ibu Lembaga pemberdayaan perempuan Kelurahan Rengas Pulau yang berjumlah sekitar 45 orang. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian adalah 80% peserta hadir, ini terhitung dari jumlah peserta sekitar 35 orang yang mengikuti kegiatan ini. Sebagian besar peserta telah memahami anggaran pendapatan dan pengeluaran, mampu menyusun skala prioritas kebutuhan serta mampu menyusun anggaran pendapatan dan pengeluaran dengan benar. Kegiatan ini berjalan dengan lancar dan mendapat respons yang sangat positif dari para peserta. Hal ini terlihat dari para peserta yang antusias mengikuti acara dari awal sampai selesai dan aktif berdiskusi mengenai permasalahan seputar pengelolaan keuangan.
Sosialisasi ; Persepsi Orang Tua Tentang Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Kelurahan Rengas Pulau Kec. Marelan Kota Medan
Authors: Maswita Maswita , Hasrita Hasrita , Pratami Arifa
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada wanita dan ibu-ibu  warga Kelurahan Rengas Pulau yang tergabung dalam Lembaga  Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak Wanita Sejati tentang kekerasan kepada anak supaya ibu-ibu memahami hal-hal yang termasuk dalam kekerasan terhadap anak dan mempunyai persepsi yang berkaitan dengan hak-hak  anak. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan dan simulasi. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah penyuluhan bahwa ibu-ibu semakin memahami tentang kekerasan dan cara pencegahan kekerasan terhadap anak serta cara melaporkan apabila terjadi kejadian kekerasan di lingkungan mereka. Saran apabila menemukan anak dengan kasus kekerasan agar segera melaporkan kepada orang tua atau kepada petugas yang berwenang
Perbaikan dan Pengembangan Produk Baby Chair menggunakan metode QFD (Quality Function Deployment) Studi Kasus; PT. Casa Woodworking Industry
Authors: Situmorang Eva Vivi Aniceta , Siregar Zufri Hasrudy , Harahap Uun Novalia
Published: February 2022

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) merupakan metodologi yang bertujuan menerjemahkan kebutuhan serta keinginan konsumen pada suatu rancangan produk yang mempunyai syarat teknik serta ciri pada kualitas produk. PT. Casa Woodworking Industry Medan merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi  baby chair, dimana tahun 2019-2020 terjadi penurunan penjualan yang dikarenakan banyaknya perusahaan lain yang mengeluarkan produk yang sama dengan spesifikasi yang berbeda. Dari hal itu peneilitan ini difokuskan pada perbaikan dan pengembagan produk tersebut, dimana di dapat bahwa karakteristik teknis produk baby chair yaitu  menekan Biaya Produksi,     Design, Bahan Berkualitas dan Aman, Multifungsi, Fitur Tambahan dan berdasrkan rangking priority didapat yaitu : Ukuran dapat disesuaikan 0,78, Hemat tempat 0.74 dan tidak ada sisi yang tajam 0.74
Tropical Thunderstorms and Radar echoes
Authors: MULL S. , MITRA H. , KULSHRESTHA S. M.
Published: February 2022

The paper classifies different types of tropical thunderstorms and describes the mechanism of formation of these types. An attempt is made to identify these types by means of echoes observed on scopes of weather radars through various stages of their development.
A vertical wind measuring instrument
Authors: VERNEKAR K. G.
Published: February 2022

A vertical wind measuring instrument for micro-meteorological studies capable of measuring wind of magnitude up to one metre per second and a maximum frequency of ten cycles per second has been described. The sensitivity of the instrument is 3 cm per sec and the response time IS 1.5 sec.
Use of satellite observed cloud patterns for the analysis of 500-mb level in tropics
Authors: DATTA RATTAN K. , NAGLE ROLAND E
Published: February 2022

This paper illustrates the use of a quasi objective scheme suggested by Nagle etal. (1970), to utilize satellite observed cloud patterns for the analysis of 500 mb height field in the areas of sparse network in the tropics.

         The scheme based on, only satellite pictures, provides a very useful first guess field for the machine analysis and excellent guide, especially over areas of scanty data, for the conventional analyst.

            The basic limitations of the scheme for its use over the tropice and future studies required for its best exploitation have also been briefly discussed.
A study on the occurrence of drought at Hebbal
Authors: SURYANARAYANA G. , RAJASHEKARA B. G. , JAGANNATH M. K. , KULKARNI K. R.
Published: February 2022

Rainfall data of seventy-one years of Agricultural Research Station, Hebbal, Bangalore have been made use to study the rainfall distribution and occurrence of drought. Out of several classifications and groupings of rainfall, "decile" grouping found to be the best for any analysis. The percentage of rainy days, number of dry spells during the cropping season and coefficient of variability in the amount of rainfall were found to be the important factors affecting the severity of drought. Using these factors along with crop-soil-water relationships a tentative definition of drought for south eastern parts of Mysore State has been drawn.
On the amplitudes of diurnal and semi-diurnal components of geomagnetic variation
Authors: RANGARAJAN G. K.
Published: February 2022

Study of the amplitudes of the diurnal and semi-diurnal components of the geomagnetic daily variation in H shows that the solar cycle variation in the two components are different and the relative increase from winter to equinox of the amplitude in semi-diurnal component is more than that for the diurnal component.
Evaluation of the use of satellite photography in determining the location and intensity changes of tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal
Authors: SIKKA D. R.
Published: February 2022

Location of tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal as determined by satellite photography are compared against the 'best track' data for the years 1965-68. Median and average vector differences between the cyclone centres determined by satellite and best track are presented separately for weak and intense vortices and the errors are found to be of comparable magnitude to those reported for the Pacific and Atlantic regions by other authors. The intensity of the tropical cyclones determined from satellite photography are also compared against the intensity as given in the weather bulletins based on conventional methods and the agreement between the two is found to be 90 per cent within one stage difference in category.
Development of tropical cyclones in the Indian Seas as revealed by satellite radiation and television data
Authors: SIKKA D. R.
Published: February 2022

Nimbus-II Medium. Resolution Infra-red Radiometer (MRIR) and High Resolution Infra-red Radiometer (HRIR) <1;ata ill combination with. ESSA-I television photography is utilised to study the development of a deep depression in the Bay of Bengal during 14 to 17 June 1966. Development of a tropical cyclone in the in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea during November 1966 IS also followed with the HRIR data and ESSA-3 television pictures: The results of the study show the usefulness of radiation data in determining the extent of the cirrus canopy and its location and determination of the general magnitude of the peripheral subsidence.
A study of changes in the pattern of cloud distribution associated with movement of depressions during the southwest monsoon season using satellite pictures
Authors: NARASINHAM A. L. , GANESAN G. S.
Published: February 2022

Charts of mean cloudiness and variability for the periods of movement of depressions during the southwest monsoon season of 1966 are presented. Similar charts have also been prepared for the periods when there were no depressions. A comparative study of the cloud patterns over the Indian Seas during periods of activity and periods when there no depressions was made. It is found that the cloud cover in the equatorial region undergoes considerable change during the monsoon season irrespective of the activity associated with the formation and movement of depressions.
Mountain waves over northeast India and neighbouring regions
Authors: DE U.S.
Published: February 2022

Theoretical computations of the wave lengths of mountain waves have been made from the available wind and temperature data over northeast India and neighbouring regions. The results have been compared with the observational data and have been found to agree with them.
Meteorological satellites-a major hydrological tool
Authors: BANERJI S.
Published: February 2022

Hydrological forecasting includes the aspects of assessment of flows under the different regimes of the river which are very well related-with the seasonal precipitation and has a great impact on all the aspects of national activity where water is needed for their development. Hydrology is intimately connected with the atmospheric processes, the movement of cyclones and depressions and the onset and withdrawal of monsoon; If advance informations on these weather aspects are available to the Hydrologists, it would save the country from many a catastrophy. As an example, the case of Damodar flood of September-October, 1959 may be cited. Similarly many multipurpose dams could be utilised more economically for controlling floods.

Another hydrological aspect, i. e., low flow is important for the agriculturist. If, through 80 proper interpretations of satellite pictures, he is assured of some extra water associated with the passage of disturbances he can draw little more liberally from the rationed supply of water at the crucial period of the crop development.

Through proper interpretation of the satellite pictures of snow cover over inaccessible areas of Himalayas we will be filling a big gap in the understanding of our water balance. In addition the co-operation which we can render through analysis and rapid transmission of satellite information to neighbouring countries will be a great contribution.
Average forenoon cloud cover over the Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon
Authors: THIRUVENGADATHAN A. , JAMBUNATHAN R.
Published: February 2022

From the satellite cloud pictures received at APT Unit, Bombay, the day-to-day cloud cover was determined for 2½ degree grids over the Arabian Sea during July and August for the three year period 1967-1969, Based on these data. charts showing the mean cloud cover over the Arabian Sea and the adjoining equatorial region and the percentage frequencies of occasions of 0.2 okta and 6-8 okta cloudiness for July and August are presented. Mean cloud cover over the same area during typical break monsoon and strong/normal monsoon conditions over India is also discussed.
Fluctuations in the seasonal oscillations of temperature in India
Authors: JAGANNATHAN P. , PARTHASARATHY B.
Published: February 2022

Statistical analysis of the time series of the mean annual temperature and characteristic parameters representing seasonal variation of temperature over 8 representative stations of India has been made Mean annual temperature shows an increasing trend at Calcutta, Bombay, Bangalore and Allahabad and decreasing trend at Fort Cochin Quasi-biennial oscillation is a significant feature of the temperature variation not only in the mean annual temperature but also in the amplitude of the seasonal variation of the temperature of the different parts of the country.
Power spectra of large-scale disturbances of the Indian southwest monsoon
Authors: KESHAVAMURTY R. N.
Published: February 2022

The period, wavelength and vertical structure of the different types of monsoon disturbances have been studied by applying the technique of power and cross spectrum analysis to wind data over the Indian region.

The spectra of the meridional component of wind show dominant peaks around 15-20 days and 5'-6 days in the lower troposphere and 7-9 days in the middle and upper tropospheres, These as shown to correspond to known monsoon disturbances.
Wave Prediction for the east coast of India under storm conditions in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: DATTATRI J. , KUMAR P. VIJAYA
Published: February 2022

Cyclonic storms are frequent in the Bay of Bengal particularly during the NE monsoon period. Some of these storms are severe and generate high waves which cause havoc in the coastal regions. This paper presents an analysis of the cyclonic storm which hit coastal Andhra Pradesh on 7 November 1969.

Wave prediction under storm conditions involves an analysis of moving fetches and variable wind speeds. Wilson's graphical method incorporating the latest available wave prediction relations was used for wave predicted waves which are deep water waves, were modified to account for refraction, shoaling and bottom friction effects as they enter shallower waters. The predicted waves were compared with the waves observed by the Visakhapatnam outer harbour authorities.

The results of the analysis suggest that (i) Wilson's graphical method can be applied for wave prediction for Indian coasts under storm conditions, (ii) the recommended value of bottom friction factor appears to be low and (iii) waves of considerable height are experienced even in areas not in the direct path of the cyclone.
Electric agitations in the atmosphere
Authors: GUPTA J. P.
Published: February 2022

Atmospheric electrical agitation has been studied from observations of electrical potential gradient recorded for one year, November 1969 to October 1970 at Roorkee University, Roorkee. The pulse frequency of the agrimeter was 515 per sec., while the maximum frequency of electrical agitation is roughly of the order of .005 per sec. The observed electric agitations have been explained as arisillg from climatic and atmospheric electrical variations and the effect of local influences.
The study of droughts by water budget method over Andhra Pradesh
Authors: RAKHECHA P.
Published: February 2022

The study of droughts based on water budget method seems to provide a more realistic approach than on rainfall alone. The frequency and pattern of variation of the drought situations for a group of 9 stations in Andhra Pradesh during the last 70 years have been studied by computing aridity indices values from water balance considerations of Thornthwaite (1955) .From this study-it has been seen that a minimum of 3-4 effective drought years may be expected over each station in a decade and that liability to drought is maximum in Nellore. An examination of the year to year changes in climate shows that the disastrous drought years generally became arid in nature.
Hydrologic investigations for water resources, water pollution and civil engineering operations using isotope techniques
Authors: CHANDRA U. , DROST W. , MOSER H. , NEUMAIER F.
Published: February 2022

A number of hydrologic studies for groupdwater resources, water pollution and civil engineering investigations are reported. Measuring method and instrumentation developed lately are outlined. The field studies carried out in alluvials, covered investigations for' comparison of borehole dilution technique and conventional pumping tests; groundwater supply to an industrial plant; installation of a well gallary for drinking, water in a valley; determination of protection zone of a pumping site; pollution of ground water around garbage dumps and nuclear installations; construction of foundations; seepage from dams etc. the investigations carried in fractured and karstic aquifers included field measurements of, seepage from dams ets. The investigations carried in fractured and karstic aquifers included field measurements of, seepage rates of a dam built in basaltic aquifer; determination of inflow in a karstic well. The  possibility of measuring vertical flow of groundwater even in borings in fractured or karstic aquifer has been practically demonstrated.
An electronic mean wind speed indicator
Authors: VENUGOPAL G. , RADHAKRISHNAN V.
Published: February 2022

A digital mean wind speed indicator which displays the mean wind speed for the past two minutes with the means updated every 10 Sec has been developed in the Instruments Division of the India Meteorological Department, Pune. The Sensor used is a photoelectric cup anemometer with a LED Source. Pulsed output from the sensor is split into 10 sec samples by means of a counter which is reset every 10 Sec and 12 such samples are averaged and displayed as the mean wind speed. The data is updated every 10 sec as the old data in the memory is replaced by fresh data from the sampling counter. The equipment can be easily connected to a digital printer to provide a printout of the display.
Vascular Surgery Curriculum 2021: the trainee perspective
Authors: Nickinson ATO , Travers HC
Published: February 2022

The 2021 iteration of the Vascular Surgery Curriculum represents the first major change to vascular training since being awarded separate specialty status by the General Medical Council (GMC) in 2013.1 Developed following the ‘Shape of Training’ review and in light of updated GMC guidance on postgraduate curricula, the new curriculum aims to specify the professional standards and clinical capabilities required to provide trainees with the competencies to be a day 1 consultant vascular surgeon in modern clinical practice.2,3 The process of transition started in August 2021, with all trainees migrating to the new curriculum by August 2023. From a trainee perspective, the new curriculum offers a number of positive changes which should improve the process of working towards certification.
Dry Eye Disease Terkait Penggunaan Video Display Terminals Pada Pekerja Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Bharata Irfani Halimah
Published: February 2022

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial progressive disease of ocular surface characterized by tear film instability and hyperosmolarity of the precorneal tear film. Patients with DED may experience range of ocular disturbances that may negatively impact their quality of life. The prevalence of DED is increasing among people who work with video display terminals (VDT), especially during the COVID-19 era. Studies have shown the association between DED symptoms and VDT usage. Complete blinking reduction, lacrimal gland hypofunction, Meibomian gland dysfunction, oxidative stress and local inflammation, and blue light phototoxicity are commonly accepted hypothesis. Several approaches are exist to treat and prevent DED among VDT workers.
Pengaruh Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dalam Menentukan Minat dan Bakat Anak di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Cahaya Nilam , Latifah Adinda , Firmansyah Fikri , Maulana Anggita Riski
Published: February 2022

Penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yang berkepentingan untuk menggambarkan konsep pengembangan bakat dan minat di UPTD SD N 04 Mendo Barat, tanggal 03 Desember 2021. Bakat  merupakan suatu potensi lahiriyah  yang ada pada diri – sendiri yang masih dipengaruhi gen dari orang tua dan masih perlu untuk dikembangkan. Minat merupakan dorongan yang berasal dari dalam diri sendiri dan menimbulkan sebuah ketertarikan pada sesuatu yang biasanya bersifat menyenangkan. minat harus ada keyakinan niat dan kemampuan diri sendiri karena akan dapat tersalurkan dengan maksimal terhadap hal yang disenanginya. Penelitian ini mengambil siswa kelas 6 sebagai responden, yang terdiri dari 23 siswa.  Metode  yang di lakukan adalah pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik observasi dilaksanakan dengan beraangota 4 orang dengan membagikan angket kepada seluruh siswa. Analisis data bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkembangan minat dan bakat siswa pada anak sekolah dasar di UPTD SD N 04 Mendo Barat siswa banyak yang memiliki bakat dan minat dalam cabang olahraga badminton dan sepak bola. Sedangkan para siswi lebih banyak yang memiliki bakat dan minat dalam bidang seni seperti sholawat dan lain -lain. Jadi dapat dilihat bahwa anak kelas 6 di UPTD SD N 04 Mendo Barat sudah bisa memilih mana bakat dan minat yang ingin mereka pelajari dan mereka tekuni.
Clinical significance of soft markers in second trimester ultrasonography for pregnant Korean women: a multicenter study and literature review
Authors: Ko Hyun Sun , Kwak Dong Wook , Oh Soo-young , Choi Sae Kyung , Hong Joon Seok , Hwang Han Sung , Park Hyun Soo , Seol Hyun-Joo , Kim Moon Young , Kim Sa Jin , Park Joong Shin
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical significance of soft markers for aneuploidy screening in Korean women.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5,428 singleton pregnant women who underwent sonography during the second trimester at seven institutions in South Korea. We evaluated the prevalence of the following soft markers: intracardiac echogenic focus, choroid plexus cysts, pyelectasis, echogenic bowel, and mild ventriculomegaly. We developed best-fitted regression equations for the fetal femur and humerus length using our data and defined a short femur and humerus as both long bones below the fifth centile. The results of genetic testing and postnatal outcomes were investigated in patients who had been diagnosed with aforementioned soft markers.ResultsThe median maternal age of our study population was 33 years, and the median gestational age at the time of ultrasonographic examination was 21 weeks. We detected soft markers in 10.0% (n=540) of fetuses: 9.3% (n=504) were isolated cases and 0.7% (n=36) of cases had two or more markers. We identified only two aneuploides (trisomy 18, 46,XX,t[8;10][q22.1;p13]), of which one was clinically significant. We presented the neonatal outcomes of the fetuses with the respective soft markers. Preterm delivery, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) were significantly more common in women with a shortened fetal femur (P<0.001, all). However, the presence of a shortened fetal humerus was not associated with those outcomes excluding SGA.ConclusionSoft markers in second-trimester ultrasonography have limited use in screening for fetal aneuploidy in Korean women. However, these markers can be used as a screening tool for adverse outcomes other than chromosomal abnormality.
GOIÂNIA, CIDADE NOVA, PATRIMÔNIO RECENTE
Authors: Mora Pereira Caixeta Eline Maria , De Mendonça Dafne Marques , Moreira Lívia Maria Pereira da Silva , Del Castillo Julia Macedo Monteiro , Alves Danielle Radis
Published: February 2022

Goiânia (1933-34) enquadra-se no hall de Cidades Novas, projetadas como expressão de modernidade no interior do Brasil. A paisagem do seu núcleo pioneiro é pontuada por uma diversidade de arquiteturas que se inspiram nas tendências em voga na primeira metade do século XX; formando uma identidade arquitetônica multifacetada e híbrida, dentro da aparente rigidez de seu traçado urbano. Desde sua origem, a cidade tem sido palco de representações que contribuem para a reconstrução de significados na configuração da sua paisagem, assumindo a tendência antropofágica, modernizante, que não valoriza a história. Tal fato refletiu diretamente sobre a preservação de seu conjunto urbano, pela falta de reconhecimento de um patrimônio, ainda recente, por parte da população e das esferas administrativas. Compreende-se que o patrimônio residencial de uma cidade é aquele que mais se aproxima da sociedade, sua história e memória, por estar mais diretamente ligado ao seu cotidiano e às formas de habitar o espaço edificado e urbano. O artigo relata a experiência da parceria entre a UFG e o IPHAN-GO, com recursos provenientes do Ministério Público do Estado de Goiás, que busca identificar e caracterizar o patrimônio residencial da fase inicial de Goiânia e sua contribuição na construção de uma paisagem representativa para a cidade. A metodologia, desenvolvida ao longo da experiência vivida, compõe pesquisas bibliográficas, icnográficas, iconográficas, geoprocessamento e levantamentos em campo, envolvendo derivas de apreensão do lugar e da paisagem, leitura da morfologia urbana e contato com moradores. Nesse processo, foram agregadas oficinas de capacitação no sentido de ampliar o escopo do trabalho à esfera da educação patrimonial. Este é um trabalho pioneiro, que incorpora a diversidade de linguagens contidas na paisagem urbana da cidade, aspecto ainda pouco assimilado, especialmente no que se refere à sua valorização. Almeja-se com isso, aproximar a sociedade ao patrimônio arquitetônico local e estabelecer diretrizes para sua preservação.