bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA FÁBRICA CLAUDE ET DUVAL DE LE CORBUSIER EN SAINT-DIÉ. UNA MÁQUINA PARA HUMANIZAR
Authors: de Diego Ruiz Patricia
Published: December 2024

A pesar del interés mostrado por Le Corbusier respecto a la industria y de ser la fábrica de Saint-Dié la única que logró construir, esta obra ha sido obviada en la mayor parte de las monografías y estudios del arquitecto; siendo, aún hoy, bastante desconocida.

La investigación estudia documental y analíticamente la fábrica para ahondar en su conocimiento, desvelar estrategias de su proceso creativo y situarla en el conjunto de la trayectoria global de su arquitecto en correspondencia con sus teorías sobre la actividad industrial y las ideas de “La Usine Verte”.

Esta manufactura textil marca un giro en la concepción de la arquitectura fabril de Le Corbusier. Revela una funcionalidad doméstica, cuyo control dimensional y técnico es ejecutado a la medida del hombre y el cuidado diseño de gran riqueza perceptiva que alberga, se enfoca en humanizar el entorno de trabajo. Destaca la estrategia urbana que aplica de apilamiento vertical, lo que, unido a una proto-conciencia ecológica, la sitúa, además, como un ejemplo valioso para el contexto actual de redefinición industrial.
NUNCA FUE TAN VALIOSA LA BASURA: INDUSTRIAS, ARQUITECTURAS Y PAISAJES DEL RESIDUO
Authors: Parra-Martínez José , Díaz-García Asunción , Gilsanz-Díaz Ana
Published: December 2024

Con el trasfondo de una crisis ambiental irresoluble y el cuestionamiento del actual modelo industrial, este artículo revisa algunas implicaciones arquitectónicas de la gestión de residuos. Su habitual ocultación suscita preguntas sobre los lugares donde se reubica y el modo en que se trata industrialmente la materia sólida que, tras ser extraída, transformada y reterritorializada en las máquinas que sostienen la civilización urbana, es digerida en las ciudades. La investigación se centra, primero, en las consecuencias del exceso de una producción que ha crecido obsesiva y adictivamente a lo largo de más de dos siglos de acelerado desarrollo tecnológico. A continuación, vinculados al marco económico y normativo español de las últimas décadas, se examinan ejemplos de complejos y paisajes (pos)industriales destinados a manejar, reinsertar y desplazar los desechos de la propia industria. Los casos de estudio escogidos permiten entrelazar debates contemporáneos y retos de futuro, tanto en conversación con otras disciplinas como en relación con controversias sociales, agendas políticas y conflictos ecológicos que atañen a unas factorías de la entropía a menudo desatendidas por la arquitectura. El propósito es dilucidar cómo, desde un mejor entendimiento de la realidad material que consideramos basura, podemos reevaluar conceptos asentados sobre los residuos y reenfocar así nuestras prácticas cotidianas y experiencias de diseño.
'GOTTA LIGHT?': INTERROGANDO LA OSCURIDAD AMERICANA EN EL EPISODIO. DE TWIN PEAKS: THE RETURN. TRAVÉS DEL FORMALISMO.
Authors: Davie Nick
Published: December 2024

: This article examines how darkness is visually depicted
in American storytelling within the eighth episode, “Gotta Light?” of
Twin Peaks: The Return (2017). To explore the visual storytelling in
this episode, I apply the lens of Bruce Block’s The Visual Story (2020),
a formalist framework for visual media, to identify specific visual
structures in key sequences. The components of Block’s
methodology—line, shape, space, and tone—critically explore how
visual elements construct thematic depth, portraying darkness as a
complex, narrative-rich element of the American psyche. The article
provides examples of film scholarship that explore darkness in the
context of both America and Twin Peaks, underscoring the narrative
significance of darkness as a thematic constant. Block’s framework
not only reveals “Gotta Light?” as a seminal televisual reflection on
American sociocultural issues but also demonstrates the accessibility
and applicability of a contemporary formalist framework in media
studies.
Fair Collaborative Learning (FairCL): A Method to Improve Fairness amid Personalization
Authors: Lin Feng , Zhao Chaoyue , Qian Xiaoning , Vehik Kendra , Huang Shuai
Published: December 2024

Model personalization has attracted widespread attention in recent years. In an ideal situation, if individuals’ data are sufficient, model personalization can be realized by building models separately for different individuals using their own data. But, in reality, individuals often have data sets of varying sizes and qualities. To overcome this disparity, collaborative learning has emerged as a generic strategy for model personalization, but there is no mechanism to ensure fairness in this framework. In this paper, we develop fair collaborative learning (FairCL) that could potentially integrate a variety of fairness concepts. We further focus on two specific fairness metrics, the bounded individual loss and individual fairness, and develop a self-adaptive algorithm for FairCL and conduct both simulated and real-world case studies. Our study reveals that model fairness and accuracy could be improved simultaneously in the context of model personalization.

History: Bianca Maria Colosimo served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This work was supported by the Breakthrough T1D Award [Grant 2-SRA-2022-1259-S-B].

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/1331847/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2024.0029 ). The real-world data, including the transportation demand management and surgical site infection data sets, are proprietary and not publicly available. Other results are available at https://github.com/ryanlif/FairCL .
A Semidefinite Programming-Based Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for Biclustering
Authors: Sudoso Antonio M.
Published: December 2024

Biclustering, also called co-clustering, block clustering, or two-way clustering, involves the simultaneous clustering of both the rows and the columns of a data matrix into distinct groups such that the rows and columns within a group display similar patterns. As a model problem for biclustering, we consider the k-densest disjoint biclique problem, whose goal is to identify k disjoint complete bipartite subgraphs (called bicliques) of a given weighted complete bipartite graph such that the sum of their densities is maximized. To address this problem, we present a tailored branch-and-cut algorithm. For the upper-bound routine, we consider a semidefinite programming relaxation and propose valid inequalities to strengthen the bound. We solve this relaxation in a cutting-plane fashion using a first-order method. For the lower bound, we design a maximum weight matching rounding procedure that exploits the solution of the relaxation solved at each node. Computational results on both synthetic and real-world instances show that the proposed algorithm can solve instances approximately 20 times larger than those handled by general-purpose solvers.

History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Continuous.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0683 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0683 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Toxic epidermal necrolysis: management strategies in burns units
Authors: Escuredo Iker Miguel , Weisz Laura Cabañas , Manau Javier Vásquez , Soto Juan Bautista Ayestarán , García Jesus Gardeazabal
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The most common severe exfoliative condition is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome, for which patients may sometimes require admission to hospital burns units. This study analyses the experience of the authors and results in this condition at the Cruces University Hospital in Bilbao, Spain.

Method:

Over the last 22 years, the authors carried out a retrospective analytical observational study of TEN cases at the hospital and analysed risk factors including age, associated comorbidities, percentage of body surface area affected, positive bacterial culture, and treatment strategies used to assess their potential influence on prognosis.

Results:

The results indicated an association between mortality and age (ρ (rho)=0.60, 95% CI [0.29, 0.79], p<0,001), ocular (ρ=0.58, 95% CI [0.28, 0.78], p<0.001), oropharyngeal (ρ=0.64, 95% CI [0.36, 0.81], p<0.001), genitourinary (ρ=0.58 CI [0.28, 0.78], p<0.001) respiratory mucosa involvement (ρ=0.53, 95 % CI [0.28, 0.78], p<0.001) and bacteraemia (ρ=0.44, 95% CI [0.17, 0.64], p=0.020). Bacteraemia also showed a higher incidence in elderly patients (ρ=0.4, 95% CI [0.03, 0.67], p=0.033) and in those with a higher Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at admission (ρ=0.51, CI [0.17, 0.74], p=0.006). A reduction in mortality was found in patients who received systemic treatment; cyclosporine, etanercept or a combination of both (ρ=-0.44, Cl [-0.70, -0.09], p=0.018).

Conclusion:

TEN is a rare but serious exfoliative condition. Traditionally, management of denuded skin was seen as the main prognostic factor; yet, systemic damage, especially to the respiratory mucosa, significantly increases mortality risk. While life support is crucial and recovery is possible, preventing long-term sequelae relies on effective care protocols. Current treatments may offer benefits, though their efficacy remains unclear. Clinicians in burns units should develop standardised protocols and collaborate on long-term studies to enhance patient care.
Early results of an orthoplastic multidisciplinary approach to diabetic foot ulcer soft tissue reconstruction
Authors: Thng Coeway Boulder , Wong Keng Lin , Wong Allen Wei-Jiat , Chew Khong Yik , Leow Kimberley , Alvis Leon Timothy Charles , Leong Sum , Irani Farah Gillan , Png Wenxian , Cher Eric Wei Liang , Ma Zhongzheng , Moksin Mardiana Binte , Wong Merng Koon , Tan Pearlie Woon Woon , Kok Yee Onn , Feng Jiajun
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication in patients with diabetes. With current treatment, only two-thirds of patients heal, with a median duration of 3–6 months. Hard-to-heal DFUs are a major source of morbidity and mortality. Improving wound healing via soft tissue reconstruction may be the key to improving clinical outcomes. Thus, the Diabetic Limb Salvage (DLS) service in Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, was established to provide patients with a streamlined, one-stop, comprehensive service dedicated to DFU soft tissue reconstruction. The reconstruction was carried out using secondary closure, skin grafting, local flaps or free flaps, depending on the severity of the wound and patient suitability. This study aims to audit the early outcomes of the DLS service.

Method:

Patients with DFUs treated by the DLS service were compared with patients with DFUs treated prior to the launch of the DLS service (control). Outcomes including major and minor amputation rates, wound healing rate, mortality and DFU recurrence rates were analysed statistically.

Results:

A total of 103 patients took part in the study (50 in the DLS service cohort and 50 in the control cohort). There was no significant difference in demographics, comorbidities and wound profiles between the two cohorts. All (100%) patients in the DLS service cohort received soft tissue reconstruction versus only 13% in the control group. The DLS service cohort had a significantly higher healing rate (96% versus 68%, respectively), shorter healing duration (77±30 days versus 111±43 days, respectively), reduced major amputation rate (0% versus 9%, respectively), and reduced recurrence rate (6% versus 25%, respectively) compared with the control cohort within the one-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study showed that an orthoplastic multidisciplinary approach focused on DFU soft tissue reconstruction improved wound healing rates, shortened healing duration and, as a result, lowered amputation rates and reduced recurrence.
Aşıg Arti Oglı Defteri ve Ses Bilgisi Özellikleri
Authors: Atalan Soner
Published: December 2024

Öz
Türk dilinin tarihine bakıldığında, Köktürk Runik yazı sisteminden sonra Mani alfabesi, Soğd kökenli Uygur Alfabesi, Brahmi alfabesi, Arap alfabesi, Ermeni (Hay) alfabesi, Gürcü alfabesi, İbrani alfabesi, Süryani alfabesi, Grek alfabesi, Kiril alfabesi ve Latin alfabesiyle Türkçe sayısız eser verildiği görülmektedir. Bu alfabeler Türk diliyle metin oluşturmada kullanılırken gerekli durumlarda Türk dilinin fonetik özelliklerine göre ekleme ve çıkarma gibi düzenlemelere başvurulmuştur.
Bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan Aşıg Arti Oglı Defteri, Ermeni (Hay) alfabesi kullanılarak Tarihi Azerbaycan Türkçesiyle yazılmış bir aşık edebiyatı ürünüdür. Metinde Oğuz edebî dilinin ve ağızlarının dil özellikleri görülmektedir. Yazma, İran Yeni Culfa aşıklık mektebi çevresinde yetişen Arti Oglı’nın 36 Ermenice ve 69 Türkçe şiirinden oluşmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada Aşıg Arti Oglı hakkında bilgi verilip Ermeni harfleriyle yazılmış şiirlerinden oluşan defteri tanıtılarak imla özellikleri ve ses bilgisi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Aşık tanıtılırken aşığın kendi hayatına dair bilgiler verdiği şiirlerinden örnekler de verilmiştir. Makalenin sonunda şiirlerinden bazı örnekler transkripsiyon harflerine aktarılarak sunulmuştur.
Association of interleukin-6 with acute lung injury risk and disease severity in sepsis
Authors: Musharaf Imshaal , Nashwan Abdulqadir J
Published: December 2024

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated response of the body in response to an infection that harms its tissues and organs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a significant component of the inflammatory response as part of the pathogenesis of sepsis. It aids in the development of Acute lung injury and, subsequently, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This letter probes into the correlation between plasma IL-6 levels and the risk of developing acute lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill patients with sepsis. While it shows promising results, limitations like its observational study design, a limited sample size, a single center involvement, single-time-point measurement, and a lack of a control group restrain its cogency. The study is a big step in identifying IL-6 as a biomarker to improve patient care.
Cuid Ronna a N-Anbhuain ÉIreann: Dán Do Mhaol Muire Mac Suibhne Ó Lár an Seachtú Haois Déag
Authors: Mhurchú Ciara Ní
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an edition of a mid-seventeenth century poem composed by Pádraig Óg Mac an Bhaird in praise of Maol Muire Mac Suibhne (son of Donnchadh, son of Maol Muire), of the Mac Suibhne na dTuath family of North Donegal. Maol Muire was an active participant in the war that started in 1641 in Ireland. The poet describes the hardship caused by the conflict and praises Maol Muire’s military efforts. An apologue compares him to Cú Chulainn fighting alone to protect Ulster. This is the only extant poem composed for Maol Muire. The poem is edited here from Stonyhurst College MS A II 20, with readings from Trinity College Dublin MS H 6. 7 (1411) and British Library MS Egerton 112. A diplomatic edition of the text from the Trinity College Dublin manuscript has previously been published in ABM (133).
Three Days to Moriah: Kierkegaard, Faith, and Hemingway’s Old Man and the Sea for Peter L. Hays
Authors: Montgomery Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: By comparing Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea with Søren Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling , this essay hopes to shift readers’ attention from Santiago’s marlin to his protégé, Manolin. Focusing on their friendship reminds us that the emotional weight of Hemingway’s story and the proof of Santiago’s growth and strength—here, synonymous with his trial as a successful “knight of faith”—are best seen not in connection to the fish he loses, but to the boy he regains.
The Wall Street Journal ’s Agenda Setting of the LIV Golf Tour and the PGA Tour in 2022
Authors: Fortunato John A.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The core concept of agenda-setting research is the transfer of topic and topic-attribute salience from the media to the public. The theory indicates that the media perform the function of selecting topics and topic attributes for exposure to the public. Exposure characteristics of frequency and placement convey importance to the selected topics and their attributes. The launch of the LIV Golf Tour in 2022 and the response by the PGA Tour was a topic that produced 35 articles in the print edition of The Wall Street Journal . The topic appeared on the front page of the newspaper on four occasions in 2022. That the LIV Golf Tour is funded by the government of Saudi Arabia created controversy for the new golf league. Saudi Arabia is a topic attribute that is mentioned in 34 articles, including 14 article headlines or subheadlines. The Wall Street Journal ’s coverage offers an example of how a topic evolves and remains on the media agenda. Additional topic exposure and new topic attributes were introduced due to events and actions by individuals and organizations. For example, a Department of Justice investigation and an antitrust lawsuit initiated by LIV golfers against the PGA Tour generated multiple articles in The Wall Street Journal .
History as a Visual Concept: Peter of Poitiers ' Compendium Historiae
Authors: Bleier Roman , Cleaver Laura , Cugliana Elisa , Goerss Eleanor , Fischer Franz , Krottmaier Sina , Macchiarelli Agnese , Sahle Patrick , Streicher Maria , Worm Andrea
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This report introduces a project to create a critical edition of Peter of Poitier's work, Compendium historiae in geneologia Christi . Composed at the end of the twelfth century, Peter of Poitier conceived the Compendium as a visual aid for teaching biblical history to theology students. Depicting history as a chart in the form of a genealogical graph, it quickly became ubiquitous in the Latin West. Our renewed effort to locate and appraise manuscript witnesses (to date ca. 300) of the Compendium has revealed its unparalleled formal and contextual breadth. Given the work's graphic features and richly varied manuscript tradition, the edition will appear in digital format. This report describes our editorial strategies in the face of the challenges posed by the Compendium's structural, textual, and pictorial variance and, more generally, the medial and graphic aspects of text in the Middle Ages.
Dioscorides Disordered: Some Notes on the University of Pennsylvania's Fragmentary Kitāb-i Hashāyish
Authors: Simpson Marianna Shreve
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The Schoenberg Collection of Manuscripts at the University of Pennsylvania includes a fragmentary Persian version of Dioscorides De Materia Medica , entitled the Kitāb-i Ḥashāyish and illustrated with over 300 images and attributed to India in the late sixteenth or seventeenth century (LJS 278). This annotation and the accompanying appendix comprise an initial attempt to study the manuscript's material and artistic contents, to reorder its disbound folios, and to reconstruct its original appearance and product. Also under consideration here is the manuscript's attribution, an issue of particular art historical interest.
Nothing to See in Buenos Aires: Henri Michaux and the 1936 PEN Club Congress
Authors: Lazarovich Mauro
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: The Belgian-French writer Henri Michaux traveled to Buenos Aires in September 1936 to participate in the PEN Club Congress. The event reunited writers from all over the world to dialogue with Latin American authors. Ultimately, it attempted to de-peripheralize Buenos Aires by inviting foreign writers to identify and validate the city's particular cultural modernity. Michaux protested against the highly politicized and spectacularized literary event and criticized the un-picturesque and un-exotic city. After the event, he wrote two texts ("L' hôte d' honneur du Bren Club" and "Un peuple et un homme") that portray the PEN as an attempt to achieve cultural modernity through mimicry. In this article, I take a transnational approach that inscribes Michaux's texts in the signifying network of the PEN in Buenos Aires and reads them face-to-face with Michaux's Latin American interlocutors (Victoria Ocampo, Alfonso Reyes, and Manuel Gálvez). By doing so, I show how the texts mirror local discourses that represented Buenos Aires (a metonymy for the whole country's identity) as an empty city with no cultural or natural particularity to show to its foreign visitors, with "nothing to see" in it.
L’humour chez Françoise Sagan ou la « liberté première » contre l’esprit de sérieux
Authors: Hromadova Céline
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Toujours partisane d’un bon mot, à la ville comme dans son oeuvre, Sagan est assez facilement associée à l’humour, qualité généralement peu reconnue aux écrivaines. Qu’il s’exprime à travers des parodies, des nouvelles à chute ou des scènes de badinage, l’humour est chez elle une marque d’esprit et une façon de voir le monde avec distance. Il passe par un discours volontairement misogyne afin d’attaquer les figures parentales, piliers du modèle d’éducation bourgeois. Participant à la déconstruction minutieuse du roman sentimental, l’humour saganien ne se fait pas pour autant militant : l’auteure refuse l’étiquette du féminisme comme gage de sérieux. Au contraire, elle s’amuse avec ce cliché de l’écrivaine dilettante, s’adonnant à une efficace autodérision dont on peut se demander si elle n’est pas une forme d’autocensure.
Humour, ironie et règlement de comptes dans La petite fille du réverbère de Calixthe Beyala
Authors: Selao Ching
Published: December 2024

Abstract: L’idée reçue selon laquelle les femmes n’auraient pas ou peu d’humour n’est pas sans conséquences, puisque l’humour et l’ironie ont longtemps été perçus comme des signes d’intelligence. Que ce soit dans Le sens littéraire de l’humour de Jean- Marc Moura ou des ouvrages sur l’humour dans les littératures de langue française, les écrivaines dites francophones sont marginales, voire absentes. Il est vrai qu’il n’est pas facile de trouver l’équivalent féminin d’un Ahmadou Kourouma à la plume violemment satirique dans ses tragi-comédies sur l’Afrique post-coloniale ou d’un Dany Laferrière à la verve débridée dans Comment faire l’amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer , mais un nom se démarque chez les femmes, celui de Calixthe Beyala, qui, à l’instar de ces auteurs, ose l’humour politique, cru et grossier. Si « L’affaire Beyala » a largement été médiatisée et a déjà fait couler beaucoup d’encre, cet article propose d’examiner l’humour et l’ironie comme stratégies de défense et d’attaque dans La petite fille du réverbere , avec quelques exemples tirés de Comment cuisiner son mari à l’africaine et Femme nue, femme noire , qui reviennent tous deux implicitement à la polémique. L’analyse questionne en parallèle les notions de « rire noir » et d’« ironie masculine et européenne ».
De Jacqueline Maillan à Blanche Gardin : Les sphères d’autorisation de l’humour au féminin
Authors: Quemener Nelly
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Cet article s’attache à rendre compte, depuis une approche sociohistorique, des recompositions genrées de la scène humoristique et de leurs effets sur la définition de la masculinité et de la féminité. En s’attardant sur quatre figures ayant marqué les décennies passées − Jacqueline Maillan, Muriel Robin, Florence Foresti et Blanche Gardin −, il rend compte des conditions et processus par lesquels ces humoristes femmes sont parvenues à s’imposer sur la scène de l’humour et à inscrire leur style dans la durée. Il fait le récit des horizons de possibilité, à la fois en termes de représentations du genre et de carrière professionnelle, que leurs propositions scéniques dessinent.
Investigation of spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride generated via ion implantation
Authors: Qian Peng , Ma Yu , Zhang Heng , Zhang Yang , Geng Jianpei , Fan Jing-Wei , Chen Bing
Published: December 2024

Spin-active defects in layered hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystals have attracted increased attention in quantum sensing. Notably, the recently discovered negatively charged boron vacancy (V
B
−) center stands out due to its optical addressability and coherent controllability. Among the various methods reported for generating such defects, ion implantation is notable as a readily accessible technique. In this paper, the properties of V
B
− defects in hBN generated via ion implantation are extensively studied. We achieve a ubiquitous distribution of highly stable defects across the crystal sample, and find that the ion beam current density, rather than fluence, plays a critical role in determining the uniformity and density of defects. The generated defects display bright and stable photoluminescence, and we explicitly investigate the dependence of spin properties on factors such as laser, microwave power, and duration. An intriguing phenomenon is observed wherein the peak contrast exceeds 20% without any enhancing techniques in the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum for some special defects. Our results provide valuable insights and suggestions for the controlled generation of V
B
− defects in hBN through ion implantation.
Terrain signal photon-extraction algorithm for photon-counting LiDAR based on an adjustable length definition
Authors: Ma Rujia , Kong Wei , Liu Ren , Xue Ruikai , Huang Genghua
Published: December 2024

A signal-extraction algorithm for photon-counting LiDAR is proposed to accurately measure mountainous terrain elevation during daylight. The algorithm exponentially scales distances among photons, employs the shortest path length between photons, and applies a maximum between-class variance method to extract the signals from dense connected point clouds. Simulated and advanced topographic altimeter system (ATLAS) data tests show the algorithm's accuracy surpassing 0.9 in high-relief areas during the day. This method utilizes global and local data consistencies to mitigate terrain fluctuations effects and accurately extract mountainous signals improving signal photon extractions in steep topography under varying background photon-counting rates.
Machine learning-driven thermal management and output behavior prediction for a multi-segment bonded Tm:YAG laser
Authors: Li Kuan , Niu Chao , Lu Qi , Shen Yuzhuo , Xue Shiwei , Li Zhi , Wu Chunting , Yu Yongji
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the thermal instability of lasers resulting from the thermal effects of the 2 µm gain medium, proposing what we believe to be a novel compensation scheme that integrates machine learning technology with multi-segment bonded Tm: YAG crystals and negative lenses, based on the thermal focal length model of a thick thermal lens. This approach significantly optimizes thermal compensation and facilitates rapid assessment of the light-emitting behavior trends of Tm: YAG lasers. Firstly, the thermal behavior of conventional and multi-segment bonded Tm: YAG crystals is analyzed. An apparently new thermal focal length model for thick lenses is established based on thin lens theory, and BP neural networks are employed to screen and predict the performance of both models. It demonstrates superior predictive capability at specific power levels, achieving a maximum error of 1.8 mm and a minimum error rate of 1.9%. Following this, we select negative lenses with varying focal lengths for thermal compensation experiments, revealing that the compensation effects differ based on the focal lengths and positions of the negative lenses at varying pump powers. To address this complex nonlinear relationship, we utilize a random forest optimization algorithm, which successfully predicts the impact of negative lens positioning on output power across three different cavity lengths, resulting in prediction errors of 1.4%, 1.1%, and 2.1%. The model performs particularly well when the Tm: YAG laser approaches destabilization. This high-accuracy predictive model enables rapid identification of the optimal position for the negative lens, facilitating effective thermal compensation while streamlining traditional numerical simulation processes. Moreover, it provides critical guidance for the thermal management of 2 µm lasers and enhances the precision of assessments related to their light-emitting behavior.
Low loss directly etched uniform grating couplers on thin film lithium niobate platform
Authors: Yuan Huihong , Mao Xinrui , Yuan Zhiliang
Published: December 2024

We report a low-loss uniform grating coupler (GC) directly etched on a thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The GC is characterized to have a low coupling loss of 3.2 dB around 1550 nm and a 3-dB bandwidth of 76 nm. Fabrication of such GC employs just a single-step etching process without any complex grating structure, mirror reflector, or incorporation of hybrid materials. Our work demonstrates that directly etched uniform GCs can realize high coupling efficiency on the TFLN platform by optimizing the fiber coupling angle, grating parameters, and upper cladding thickness, holding the potential to benefit a wide range of applications across diverse fields such as high-speed transmitters, frequency combs, and hybrid integration.
A Review of Soliton Crystal Kerr Microcombs
Authors: Moss David
Published: December 2024

Soliton crystal microcombs, as a new type of Kerr frequency comb, offer advantages such as higher energy conversion efficiency and a simpler generation mechanism compared to traditional soliton microcombs. They have a wide range of applications in fields like microwave photonics, ultra-high-speed optical communication, and photonic neural networks. In this review, we dis-cuss recent developments of soliton crystals microcombs and analyze the advantages and dis-advantages of generating soliton crystal microcombs utilizing different mechanisms. First, we briefly introduce the numerical model of optical frequency combs. Then, we introduce the gen-eration schemes for soliton crystal microcombs based on various mechanisms, such as utilizing an avoided mode crossing, harmonic modulation, bi-chromatic pumping, and the use of saturable absorbers. Finally, we discuss the progress of research on soliton crystal microcombs in the fields of microwave photonics, optical communication, and photonic neural networks. We also discuss the challenges and perspectives of soliton crystal microcombs.
Factors associated with post-pandemic acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among students in three Nigerian universities
Authors: Mosanya Adaobi Uchenna , Ezekwelu Adaeze , Ugochukwu Ezinwanne Jane , Ukoha-Kalu Blessing Onyinye
Published: December 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the world in every aspect. Higher institutions were greatly affected because the outbreak disrupted the teaching and learning structure. Vaccines decrease the rate of infection and transmission of the virus, but the presence of some myths has led to hesitancy towards the vaccine.

Objective

The purpose of the survey was to assess the knowledge, perception, and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among undergraduate students in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study carried out among undergraduate students at the University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), and Enugu State University of Technology Enugu state (ESUT), Nigeria between March and November 2023. These institutions were chosen based on their large student populations, diverse academic offerings, and significant geographical coverage within the state. Data collection was done using a 26-item validated self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25 with appropriate descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square) were used to analyze the data.

Results

1,143 completed questionnaires were obtained. The modal age range was 18–24 years accounting for 814 (71.2%) of the participants. A total of 577 (50.5%) participants demonstrated a good level of knowledge while 685 (59.9%) showed a positive perception of the COVID-19 vaccine. Gender (p = 0.010) and institution (p < 0.001) were associated with their perception of the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, knowledge and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly associated with its acceptance at p = 0.038 and < 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion

This study reveals that COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among university students in Enugu State, Nigeria, remains low despite moderate knowledge and generally positive attitudes, with perceptions playing a more significant role than knowledge. The findings highlight the need for educational interventions that not only provide accurate information but also actively address misconceptions. To improve vaccine uptake, public health campaigns should focus on shifting perceptions through culturally sensitive, institution-specific strategies.
The effects of physical exercise, parent-child interaction and peer relationship on adolescent depression: An empirical analysis based on CEPS data
Authors: Li Lang , Ren Kexin , Fan Bingbing
Published: December 2024

Currently, depression is the predominant mental illness impacting adolescents, causing severe damage to their overall health. Engaging in physical exercise can not only aid in restoring adolescent physical well-being but also function as a strategy to prevent depression and lower suicide rates. Drawing upon data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) conducted between 2014 and 2015, this study delves into the effects of physical exercise on alleviating depressive symptoms among adolescent students and explores the underlying mechanisms through the lens of parent-child interactions and peer relationships. The mediation effect tests indicate that physical exercise can mitigate adolescent depression by reinforcing parent-child bonds and improving peer connections. Parents and educational institutions should judiciously plan the time for adolescents to engage in both academic pursuits and physical activities, and they should encourage greater participation in sports among adolescents through various means, thereby maximizing the beneficial role of physical exercise in ameliorating adolescent depression.
Assessment of urban wetlands loss and fragmentation using land use and land cover change and guidostoolbox: A study of Chorrillos district, Lima
Authors: Torres Mallma Sally , Torres Mallma Anna
Published: December 2024

The coastal landscape of the Chorrillos district is an ecosystem characterized by hosting the largest population of migratory and resident bird species in Lima, including the Protected Natural Area of the Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge (RVSPV). In response to wetland loss, this study aims to explore the process of natural landscape fragmentation in the Chorrillos district, including the RVSPV, from 1985 to 2021 to identify the impact of anthropogenic agents on structural connectivity. The methodology involves (i) an analysis of land cover and land use (LULC) using the MapBiomas Peru Collection 1.0 Platform, (ii) a patch accounting analysis, (iii) an analysis of Area Density in the Foreground (FAD), and (iv) an analysis of Morphological Spatial Patterns (MSPA) using the GuidosToolbox (Graphic User Interface for Image Object Description and Shapes—GTB) Version 3.304. The results indicate a hierarchy of disturbed patches, with the largest patch (RVSPV) displaying specific spatial processes that contribute to landscape transformation and persistence. The ecological function of the patches and habitat links demonstrate the benefits of connectivity and environmental exchange between fragments, aiming to counteract landscape loss.
Coronary embolism in left-sided infective endocarditis. A retrospective analysis from a high-volume surgical centre and review of the literature
Authors: Mazzotta Ruggero , Orlandi Matteo , Scheggi Valentina , Marchionni Niccolò , Stefàno Pierluigi
Published: December 2024

Background

Septic embolization is a common and potentially life-threatening complication of infective endocarditis (IE), with a prevalence of 22–50%. While acute coronary syndrome secondary to septic embolism is rare, it poses significant risks.

Aims

This study examines coronary embolism (CE) in left-sided IE, describing clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 649 patients with non-device-related left-sided IE treated between January 2013 and December 2023 in a high-volume surgical centre. CE was diagnosed via ECG, clinical and laboratory signs of acute coronary syndrome, and confirmed by coronary angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were treated according to current European Society of Cardiology guidelines. A structured follow-up was performed.

Results

Among patients included in the study, surgery was performed in 514 (79%) patients. Median follow-up duration was 4.7 years. CE occurred in 8 (1.2%) patients, and 6 (80%) of them were treated surgically. We found no significant differences in overall mortality rate between patients with or without CE (p = 0.65). Finally, cerebral embolism was significantly more frequent in patients with than without CE (75% vs 25%, p = 0.006, post-hoc power 87.8%).

Conclusion

CE is a rare but severe complication of IE, significantly associated with cerebral embolism. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to improve patient outcomes. Multicentre studies with larger patient populations are needed to further elucidate risk factors and enhance prognosis for CE in IE patients.
Optimizing Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Genetic Algorithm Approach with Multiple Feature Selection Methods
Authors: Patel Sunil Kumar , Panday Devina
Published: December 2024

In today’s cashless society, the increasing threat of credit card fraud demands our attention. To protect our financial security, it is crucial to develop robust and accurate fraud detection systems that stay one step ahead of the fraudsters. This study dives into the realm of machine learning, evaluating the performance of various algorithms - logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) - in detecting credit card fraud. Taking innovation, a step further, the study introduces the integration of a genetic algorithm (GA) for feature selection and optimization alongside LR, DT, and RF models. LR achieved an accuracy of 99.89 %, DT outperformed with an accuracy of 99.936 %, and RF yielded a high accuracy of 99.932 %, whereas GA-RF (a5) achieved an accuracy of 99.98 %. Ultimately, the findings of this study fuel the development of more potent fraud detection systems within the realm of financial institutions, safeguarding the integrity of transactions and ensuring peace of mind for cardholders.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Zero Trust Architecture in Protecting Against Advanced Persistent Threats
Authors: Verma Pushpendra Kumar , Singh Bharat , Shubham Preety , Sharma Kumar , Prasad Joshi Rakesh
Published: December 2024

As a paradigm shift in network security, the idea of Zero Trust Architecture has attracted a lot of attention recently. This study intends to investigate the assessment and application of Zero Trust Architecture in business networks. Network segmentation, continuous authentication, least privilege access, and micro-segmentation are some of the basic ideas and elements of Zero Trust Architecture that are covered in this research. By taking a comprehensive approach to network security, the study evaluates how well Zero Trust Architecture mitigates security risks and shrinks the attack surface. It looks into the difficulties and factors to be taken into account when adopting Zero Trust Architecture, including scalability, user experience, and operational complexity.
To shed light on the real-world application of Zero Trust Architecture, the paper also investigates empirical data and case studies from real-world scenarios. The influence of Zero Trust Architecture on operational processes and network performance are also be covered, along with recommended practices and various deployment strategies. Additionally, the research assesses how well Zero Trust Architecture conforms to regulatory standards, compliance needs, and existing security frameworks. The results of this study help us comprehend Zero Trust Architecture and its possible advantages and disadvantages. By offering a thorough evaluation framework and useful suggestions for effective implementation, it is helpful to organizations looking to adopt Zero Trust Architecture. The study's findings add to the corpus of information on Zero Trust Architecture and its role in strengthening network security in the face of evolving cyber threats.
Segurança pública e inteligência artificial: novos paradigmas
Authors: Gesta Leal Rogerio
Published: December 2024

O objeto de estudo do presente trabalho é enfrentar a problemática das condições e possibilidades de políticas públicas de segurança com o uso de inteligência artificial e tecnologias de informação, levando em conta direitos e garantias fundamentais individuais e sociais demarcadas pelo Estado Democrático de Direito, nomeadamente no Brasil. A hipótese e proposta de enfrentamento destas questões se dá a partir do estabelecimento de marcos normativos claros e políticas de garantias por parte do Estado, a partir do que tais políticas podem se instituir e desenvolver, com permanente controle interno e externo, notadamente social.
Pengaruh Biopestisida Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) Terhadap Laju Respirasi Jangkrik (Gryllus bimaculatus)
Authors: Isdadiyanto Sri , Nursabrina Azra Batrisyia , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: December 2024

Kulit bawang merah mengandung senyawa asetogenin berupa skuamosin yang berpotensi sebagai bahan biopestisida untuk pengendalian hama jangkrik pada tanaman pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh biopestisida dari ekstrak kulit bawang merah terhadap bobot badan dan laju respirasi, serta memperoleh dosis optimum biopestisida terhadap mortalitas jangkrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap faktor tunggal yang terdiri atas 5 ulangan dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu 0% (kontrol), 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara kelompok perlakuan pemberian biopestisida dengan kelompok kontrol pada bobot badan dan laju respirasi jangkrik. Hasil uji regresi antara dosis biopestisida dengan penurunan bobot badan menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat sebesar 54,3%  dan pada peningkatan laju respirasi menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat kuat sebesar 75,2%. Dosis biopestisida optimum pada mortalitas jangkrik sebesar 100%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah senyawa asetogenin skuamosin dalam biopestisida ekstrak kulit bawang merah dapat menaikkan laju respirasi jangkrik. Red onion peels contain the acetogenin compound in the form of squamosin which has the potential to be used as a biopesticide to control cricket pests on crops. This research aims to analyze the effect of biopesticide from red onion peels extract on body weight and respiration rate, as well as to obtain the optimum dose of biopesticide on cricket mortality. This study used a single factor completely randomized design consisting of 5 replications with 5 treatments, namely 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences between the treatment group given biopesticide and the control group in body weight and respiration rate of crickets. The results of the regression test between biopesticide dose and reduction in body weight showed a strong relationship of 54.3% and an increase in respiration rate showed a very strong relationship of 75.2%. The optimum biopesticide dose for cricket mortality is 100%. This research concludes that the compound acetogenin squamosin in the biopesticide extract of shallot skin can increase the respiration rate of crickets.
Perilaku Makan Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis) Betina di Area Penangkaran Ex-situ Dawe Kudus, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Romansah Alifia Yasmin , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Tana Silvana
Published: December 2024

Rusa timor merupakan rusa endemik Indonesia dengan status konservasi rentan, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan populasi melalui penangkaran. Pakan merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang harus dipenuhi di dalam penangkaran. Pemberian pakan secara drop in oleh keeper di penangkaran dapat mempengaruhi perilaku makan rusa timor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku makan rusa timor betina yang meliputi aktivitas memilih pakan, mengambil dan memasukkan pakan, mengunyah, menelan, dan memamah biak pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari di area penangkaran ex-situ CV Bahtera Satwa Dawe Kudus, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 7 hari menggunakan metode scan scampling dan pengamatan dilakukan selama 12 jam dengan interval waktu 10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0,05) pada perilaku mengambil, memasukkan pakan, dan memamah biak pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari. Frekuensi dan durasi mengunyah paling tinggi diantara perilaku makan lainnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah rusa timor betina di area penangkaran ex situ masih memperlihatkan ekspresi perilaku makan secara alami dan aktivitas memamah biak dilakukan lebih lama pada siang hari untuk mengoptimalkan digestibilitas hijauan pakan.   The Timor deer is an endemic deer species in Indonesia with a vulnerable status; hence, captive breeding is necessary to increase the deer population. Timor deer feeding behaviour may be influenced by the food that keeper’s drop-in to the caged areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of female Timor deer, which included activities such as selecting feed, picking up and putting down, chewing, swallowing, and ruminating in the morning, afternoon, and evening in the ex-situ captive area of CV Bahtera Satwa Dawe Kudus, Central Java. This research was carried out using the scan sampling method over a period of seven days. The research results revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the behaviors of picking up feed, inserting, and ruminating in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The frequency and duration of chewing were the highest among other feeding behaviors. The conclusion of this study was that female Timor deer in the ex situ captive areas still exhibit natural feeding behavior, and rumination activity was carried out for a longer duration during the day to optimize the digestibility of forage.
Engaging chemistry teachers with inquiry/investigatory based experimental modules for undergraduate chemistry laboratory education
Authors: Sen Indrani Das , Ladage Savita
Published: December 2024

The experimental domain is central to chemistry education at undergraduate level. It is important that teachers teaching chemistry at this level are oriented with research informed approaches based on work done in chemistry education research. Currently, academic autonomy is being granted to various state colleges affiliated to university system in India and such an orientation is the need of the time. The chemistry group at HBCSE has been conducting capacity building workshops in the experimental domain for chemistry teachers as part of the National Initiative on Undergraduate Science (chemistry) programme. The primary aims are a) present hands-on experiences of experiments developed using inquiry/investigatory approaches and b) help teachers to reflect on related aspects of pedagogy, assessment and content. Often these experiments are selected from the existing lab manuals for teachers to witness how to adapt and modify experiments from their own lab manuals. This paper discusses examples, structure of workshops and feedback from participating teachers who are receptive to these alternative approaches. Conduct of such workshops in regular college set-ups can help teachers to reflect on the existing teaching-learning practices in conventional laboratories. In our opinion, the entire process is equally important to those individuals involved with similar activities globally.