bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of metal‐organic framework UiO‐66‐incorporated polymer monolith for the extraction of trace levels of fungicides in environmental water and soil samples
Authors: Yao Weixuan , Fan Zhefeng , Zhang Suling
Published: June 2019

A zirconium terephthalate metal‐organic framework‐incorporated poly(N‐vinylcarbazole‐co‐divinylbenzene) monolith was fabricated in a capillary by a thermal polymerization method. The optimized monolith had a homogeneous structure, good permeability, and stability. The monolith could be used for the effective enrichment of fungicides through π‐π interactions, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonds. The potential factors that affect the extraction efficiency, including ionic strength, solution pH, sample volume, and eluent volume, were investigated in detail. The monolith‐based in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry was performed for the analysis of five fungicides (pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, diniconazole, and flutriafol) in environmental samples. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges were 0.005–5 ng/mL for pyrimethanil, 0.01–5 ng/mL for flutriafol, and 0.05–5 ng/mL for other fungicides, respectively, with coefficients of determination ≥0.9911. The limits of detection were 1.34–14.8 ng/L. The columns showed good repeatability (relative standard deviations ≤9.3%, n = 5) and desirable column‐to‐column reproducibility (relative standard deviations 5.3–9.4%, n = 5). The proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous detection of five fungicides in water and soil samples, with recoveries of 90.4–97.5 and 84.0–95.3%, respectively.
Trace enrichment of phenylcarboxylic acids from a model biological fluid and serum of human blood
Authors: Popov Alexander Y. , Blinnikova Zinaida K. , Tsyurupa Maria P. , Davankov Vadim A.
Published: June 2019

The study was focused on the development of a solid‐phase extraction protocol for seven phenylcarboxylic acids from albumin solutions by using unmodified hyper‐cross‐linked polystyrene restricted access materials with crosslinking degrees varying from 100 to 400% (four of the acids are known to be markers of sepsis). The breakthrough volume of the most hydrophilic 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid rises as the sorbent bridging extent grows. Inversely, the breakthrough volume of the most hydrophobic 3‐phenylpropionic acid was found to decrease considerably when the degree of crosslinking exceeds 200%. This unusual pattern is because of the superposition of two opposite tendencies. Increasing substitution extent of phenyls facilitates their π‐π‐interactions with polar compounds whereas rising density of the network reduces the accessibility of sorption sites to all solutes. Mini‐cartridges containing 30 mg of an optimal sorbent take up the acids completely and reversibly, the recoveries being close to 100% even in the presence of high concentrations of albumin. By coupling the developed solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection technique, we managed to determine quantitatively phenylcarboxylic acids in the serum of a healthy patient blood, and the recoveries varied from 93 to 100% while the limit of quantification was (4–9) × 10−7 M.
Ultrasound‐Guided Biceps Tendon Sheath Injection: Spectrum of Preprocedure Appearances
Authors: Geannette Christian , Williams Danielle , Berkowitz Jennifer , Miller Theodore T.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To determine the frequency of ultrasound (US) appearances of the extra‐articular long head of the proximal biceps tendon in patients referred for US‐guided biceps tendon sheath injections.

Methods

We reviewed our US‐guided biceps tendon sheath injections between January 2015 and December 2017, noting the appearance of the biceps tendon and sheath, as well as the needle size used, and what was injected. Clinical electronic medical records were also reviewed to determine safety and patients’ responses.

Results

A total of 300 US‐guided biceps tendon sheath injections were performed for anterior shoulder pain. Preliminary US evaluations revealed that 129 of 300 (43%) patients had a normal US appearance of the biceps tendon; 110 (36.6%) had tendinosis; 13 (4.3%) had tenosynovitis; 31 (10.3%) had both tendinosis and tenosynovitis; 8 (2.7%) had a biceps tendon tear; and 9 (3%) had a history of a tenodesis. Of 81 patients who had pain relief after the injection, 41 had a normal tendon appearance on US, and 40 had an abnormal US appearance.

Conclusions

A large minority of patients with anterior shoulder pain clinically suspected to be due to the biceps tendon have a normal‐appearing tendon and sheath. This should not dissuade the operator from performing the procedure.
Facile Synthesis of a Carnosine‐Pendent Cationic Polymer via Free Radical Polymerization and Application in Gene Delivery
Authors: Cao Leilei , Li Xiao , Wu Tiantian , Cai Xuetong , Zhang Yajie , Ji Jinkai , Zhang Xiaoran , Gao Yajing , Feng Fude
Published: June 2019

l‐carnosine is a bipeptide with varieties of biomedical benefits, but rarely reported as a component in structurally defined polymers due to the unavailability of isolatable monomers. In this report, a simple method to synthesize a carnosine‐derived methacrylamide in three steps is established and a neutral polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mn 7.6 kDa, Ð 1.2) and high structural regularity is prepared via free radical polymerization, and a carnosine‐pendent cationic homopolymer is finally achieved after trifluoroacetic acid‐mediated deprotection without a concern of impurities such as metals. The antioxidative activity, cytotoxicity, DNA‐binding capability, and gene delivery performance of the cationic polymer are also studied.
Multivariate Parametric Analysis for the Determination of Kinetic Rate Constants in 2‐(difluoromethoxy)ethyl Acrylate Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Herrera Fiorella Zenaida Fernandez , Vieira Roniérik Pioli
Published: June 2019

Poly(2‐(difluoromethoxy)ethyl acrylate), synthesized via ATRP, enables the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers that can self‐assemble into spherical micelles quite easily. The new monomer used, 2‐(difluoromethoxy)ethyl acrylate (DFMOEA), presents great potential to lead the development of new advanced materials with partially fluorinated segments, since it is easily synthesized, and the polymers derived may present unique characteristics. Currently, few studies detail the polymerization kinetics of this class of monomers with thorough information on the influence of operational and kinetic parameters on the synthesis. This research develops a deterministic modeling to simulate the synthesis of poly‐DFMOEA via ATRP. A multivariate parametric analysis is performed to evaluate the combined effect of process parameters on the polymerization kinetics and on the properties. A statistical modeling is obtained with a mathematical simplicity that allows the determination of the parameters by adjusting curves to the experimental data of literature. The estimated parameters are used to compare the monomer conversion, molar mass, and dispersity with the experimental data using deterministic modeling. The good adjustment obtained confirms the feasibility of using the methodology proposed. Simulations of different reagent ratios suggest the use of high concentration of catalyst to obtain polymers with ideal characteristics for future applications in self‐assembled materials.
Disassembly of Crystalline Platelets of an Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Mediated by Varying pH and Organic Diacids
Authors: Luo Haipeng , Lin Yonghui , Tang Qiuju , Hu Wei , Wang Yaping , Lei Zhentao , Tong Zaizai
Published: June 2019

Regulation of crystalline micelles is difficult to achieve because of the strong solidification of crystallization. In this present work, an amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PEO‐b‐PCL‐b‐P4VP) is prepared, in which the P4VP block serves as an H‐bonding acceptor. It is originally self‐assembled into crystalline lamellar micelles in aqueous solution. Subsequently, the effect of varying pH and organic diacids on morphological transition is investigated in detail. Lamellae‐to‐cylinder‐to‐sphere transitions are observed after decreasing the pH or with the addition of organic diacids with different chain spacers. The decreasing pH causes increasing hydrophilicity of the P4VP block, while adding organic diacids results in an increasing corona swelling of the P4VP segment, both of which lead to a decreasing crystallinity of the poly(ε‐caprolactone) core. Consequently, morphological variety changing from lamellar to worm‐like to spherical micelles can be achieved.
Antioxidation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation function of prxA gene in Mesorhizobium huakuii
Authors: Wang Sanjiao , Lu Tiantian , Xue Qiang , Xu Ke , Cheng Guojun
Published: June 2019

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an essential role in the antioxidant activity and symbiotic capacity of Mesorhizobium huakuii. A mutation in the M. huakuii prxA gene (encoding a Prx5‐like peroxiredoxin) was generated by homologous recombination. The mutation of prxA did not affect M. huakuii growth, but the strain displayed decreased antioxidative capacity under organic cumene hydroperoxide (CUOOH) conditions. The higher resistance of the prxA mutant strain compared with the wild‐type strain to more than 1 mmol/L H2O2 was associated with a significantly higher level of glutathione reductase activity and a significantly lower level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide content. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that under 1 mmol/L H2O2 conditions, expression of the stress‐responsive genes katG and katE was significantly upregulated in the prxA mutant. Although the prxA mutant can form nodules, the symbiotic ability was severely impaired, which led to an abnormal nodulation phenotype coupled to a 53.25% reduction in nitrogen fixation capacity. This phenotype was linked to an absence of bacteroid differentiation and deregulation of the transcription of the symbiotic genes nifH, nifD, and fdxN. Expression of the prxA gene was induced during symbiosis. Thus, the PrxA protein is essential for antioxidant capacity and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, playing independent roles in bacterial differentiation and cellular antioxidative systems.
Decreasing southwest monsoon rainfall over Myanmar in the prevailing global warming era
Authors: Satyanarayana G. China , Dodla Venkata Bhaskar Rao , Srinivas Desamsetti
Published: June 2019

The characteristics of the southwest monsoon (SWM) rainfall over Myanmar were studied using APHRODITE gridded daily rainfall datasets for the period 1951–2010. Myanmar, being an agrarian economy, is predominantly dependent on the SWM rainfall. The spatial distribution of rainfall (rainy days) has shown higher rainfall of 2,000 mm (>140 rainy days) over southwest parts, rainfall of ~1,000 mm (100–120 days) over north and eastern parts and an arid zone with rainfall of less than approximately 500 mm (<80 days) over west central parts, all indicating earlier onset over the southwest and late onset over the northeast. Analysis of the rainfall and rainy days between the two 30 year periods 1951–1980 and 1981–2010 representative of the pre‐global warming and global warming periods showed a reduction of rainfall by 100 mm and 5–10 rainy days during the later period of global warming. The Climate Research Unit and Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall datasets and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System global model simulated rainfall data for the current climate period exhibited a similar decline of SWM rainfall over major parts of Myanmar. The results indicated a 20% reduction in the mean westerly strength over south Myanmar in the global warming period, which was related to a decrease of the meridional gradient of sea surface temperatures over the Bay of Bengal. This study establishes two distinct rainfall zones in the southwest and northeast over Myanmar and a reduction of rainfall in the recent global warming period that will lead to a reduction in agriculture production.
Association between musk antibody concentrations and the myasthenia gravis composite score in 3 patients: A marker of relapse?
Authors: Triplett James D. , Hardy Todd A. , Riminton D. Sean , Chu Shannon Y.K. , Reddel Stephen W.
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibody related myasthenia gravis is characterized by bulbar and respiratory manifestations, a poor response to anticholinergics, and a generally good response to plasma exchange and rituximab. It is not known if MuSK‐antibody (Ab) levels could be used to predict the clinical course Methods: Three patients for whom frequent long‐term monitoring of MuSK‐Ab levels and the Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) scores were performed are described. Results: A close relationship existed between the MuSK‐Ab concentrations and the MGC score. Furthermore, a rise in Ab concentration preceded a more serious clinical relapse in all patients Conclusions: These findings suggest that MuSK‐Ab concentrations may be a useful biomarker for the long‐term monitoring of MuSK myasthenia gravis, particularly while in clinical remission. This may allow preemptive escalation of therapy to prevent clinical relapse, and conversely permitting greater weaning of unnecessary immunosuppression. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Who lived on the Swiss Plateau around 3300 BCE? Analyses of commingled human skeletal remains from the dolmen of Oberbipp
Authors: Siebke Inga , Steuri Noah , Furtwängler Anja , Ramstein Marianne , Arenz Gabriele , Hafner Albert , Krause Johannes , Lösch Sandra
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, the discovery and excavation of an almost intact Late Neolithic dolmen is rare, as those monuments were often visible in the landscape and have been investigated or destroyed in earlier times; therefore, information about the buried individuals has often been lost. The excavation of the dolmen, a stone grave chamber, from Oberbipp, Switzerland, in 2012 provided a unique opportunity to study human skeletal remains from a Late Neolithic collective burial (3350–2650 BCE). Over 2,000 fragmented and commingled skeletal elements were recovered and form the basis of this morphological study. Established morphological methods were employed to evaluate the minimum number of individuals, age at death, sex, stature, and the presence of pathological alterations and trauma. Sex was determined additionally by aDNA analysis. Elements of the entire human skeleton were recovered indicating a primary burial site. At least 42 individuals (femora) from all age classes (57%:43% adults to subadults) were buried in the dolmen. Based on aDNA analysis (n = 23, partes petrosae) slightly more males than females (44%:35% males to females, 22% indeterminate) were recovered. Stature was estimated from complete femora (n = 3) indicating an average body height between 154–157 cm. Pathological alterations and trauma could be observed on several bones, however, without indications for major interpersonal violence. The caries intensity of Swiss samples seems to be higher compared with other Neolithic European sites. A possible separation of burial areas for males and females based on the recovery of skeletal elements within the dolmen along with aDNA results is postulated. In addition, this article contributes to a better understanding of Late Neolithic populations in Central Europe.
Metabolomics of the alimurgic plants Taraxacum officinale, Papaver rhoeas and Urtica dioica by combined NMR and GC–MS analysis
Authors: Grauso Laura , Emrick Stefano , Bonanomi Giuliano , Lanzotti Virginia
Published: June 2019

Introduction

The phytoalimurgic plants, common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) are a source of nutraceuticals.

Objectives

To apply a combined metabolomic fingerprinting approach by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to common dandelion, corn poppy and stinging nettles to obtain simultaneous identification and quantitation of the major classes of organic compounds.

Methodology

The whole plants collected in the Cilento National Park were dried and then extracted to obtain non‐polar and polar organic extracts. GC–MS was used for non‐polar extracts while 1H‐NMR spectroscopy was used for polar extracts. In both cases, simultaneous identification and quantification of the bioactive metabolites was obtained.

Results

Non‐polar organic extracts of all plants were mainly composed of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. The two pentacyclic triterpenols α‐ and β‐amyrin were detected in nettle extract. The analysis of polar organic extracts allowed to detect and quantify organic acids and sugars as main metabolites along with amino acids, caffeoyl derivatives, flavonoids, and nucleotides. In particular, corn poppy leaves contained a huge amount of glyceric acid (55.7% of the total extract). Stinging nettles, instead, exhibited a large amount of choline (19.5%).

Conclusion

Metabolomic approach coupling GC–MS with NMR spectroscopy allowed to provide a detailed metabolite profile of three alimurgic plants, common dandelion, corn poppy and stinging nettle, from both a qualitative and quantitative point of view.
One‐sided runs‐rules schemes to monitor autocorrelated time series data using a first‐order autoregressive model with skip sampling strategies
Authors: Shongwe Sandile Charles , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Molahloe Thapelo
Published: June 2019

In some industrial or health‐related processes, it makes more practical sense to monitor either an increase only or a decrease only in the quality characteristic of interest. Consequently, in this paper, we propose four one‐sided Shewhart
charts supplemented with runs‐rules to monitor the mean of autocorrelated normally distributed samples using a stationary first‐order autoregressive model. To counteract the negative effect of autocorrelation, we implement a sampling strategy which involves sampling of non‐neighboring observations to form rational subgroups. The Markov chain technique is used to derive zero‐state and steady‐state closed‐form expressions of the specific shift performance metric, ie, average run‐length (ARL). Moreover, we compute the expected ARL metric which evaluates each monitoring scheme based on all specified range of possible values of the shift parameter, or more specifically, from a global point of view and thus gives a different perspective from the specific shift ARL metric. We observed that the steady‐state improved w‐of‐w and the improved 2‐of‐(H + 1) schemes yield a better overall performance than their corresponding basic counterparts for all different levels of autocorrelation. A real‐life example is provided to illustrate the implementation of the monitoring schemes proposed here.
High Energy Capacitors Based on All Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derivatives and Solar‐Charging Station Application
Authors: Wei Xijun , Hu Wanping , Peng Huarong , Xiong Yuli , Xiao Peng , Zhang Yunhuai , Cao Guozhong
Published: June 2019

High energy and efficient solar charging stations using electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are a promising portable power source for the future. In this work, two kinds of metal‐organic framework (MOF) derivatives, NiO/Co3O4 microcubes and Fe2O3 microleaves, are prepared via thermal treatment and assembled into electrochemical capacitors, which deliver a relatively high specific energy density of 46 Wh kg−1 at 690 W kg−1. In addition, a solar‐charging power system consisting of the electrochemical capacitors and monocrystalline silicon plates is fabricated and a motor fan or 25 LEDs for 5 and 30 min, respectively, is powered. This work not only adds two novel materials to the growing categories of MOF‐derived advanced materials, but also successfully achieves an efficient solar‐ECs system for the first time based on all MOF derivatives, which has a certain reference for developing efficient solar‐charge systems.
Classwork: Educational Development and Blue‐Collar Sensibility
Authors: Bernhagen Lindsay
Published: June 2019

This chapter focuses on how working‐class educational developers bring unique sensibilities to their work that can be both advantageous and challenging.
A Latina Developer Confronts Implicit Bias in CTL Hiring
Authors: Artze‐Vega Isis
Published: June 2019

This chapter describes the author's experience of applying for a Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL) Directorship during which personal, institutional, and educational development identities intersected. Recommendations for inclusive CTL searches are provided.
Working With Faculty of Color at a Predominantly White Institution: Challenging Whiteness and Model Minority Stereotypes
Authors: Nakamura Mayuko
Published: June 2019

This chapter describes the journey of the author, a foreign‐born Asian educational developer, in working with other faculty of color at a Predominantly White Institution.
Masculinity, Vulnerability, and Consulting in Educational Development
Authors: Wilder Blake
Published: June 2019

This chapter explores how culturally masculine ways of thinking intersect with the femininely encoded skills of care and empathy that characterize the profession of educational development.
Further Evidence of Within-Marriage Fertility Control in Pre-Transitional England
Authors: Cinnirella Francesco , Klemp Marc , Weisdorf Jacob
Published: June 2019

The identification of parity effects on the hazard of a next birth in cross-family data requires accounting for heterogeneity in fecundity across couples. In a previously published article, Cinnirella et al. Demography, 54, 413–436 (2017), we stratified duration models at the maternal level for this purpose and found that the hazard of a next birth decreases with rising parity in historical England. Clark and Cummins Demography, 56 (2019) took issue with this finding, claiming that the result is a statistical artifact caused by stratification at the maternal level. This reply documents that our previous finding is robust to addressing Clark and Cummins’ critique.
Documentation of Indo-Islamic architecture built along a 16th-century highway
Authors: Sinha Vandana
Published: June 2019

An internationally recognized presence in the documentation of Indic and South East Asian art and architecture, the Center for Art and Archaeology (CA&A) of the American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS) conducted a documentation project in 2007 that explored an interesting range of built heritage arrayed along a 16th-century highway, the Agra – Lahore route, laid by the Mughal rulers of India. The stretch of the Agra – Lahore highway this project traced, crossed two north Indian states of independent India – Haryana and Punjab, and documented built heritage that survives on that road. The documentation revealed edifices unique to a travel environment including Caravansarai (rest house), Kos-Minars (distance markers), bridges, stepped-wells and Bagh (pleasure gardens) built under the patronage of Mughal elites. The project emphasized the importance of identifying the strands of cultural heritage and the processes of documenting them. A major aim of such documentation was to aid preservation of the monuments themselves by providing critical information for future decisions.
“Lighter-Than-Air Craft”
Authors: Cave-Browne-Cave T. R.
Published: June 2019

Since I was asked in September last to read this lecture conditions ha\c •so chang-ed that it has, been necessary totally to re-cast and re-write what I then proposed to say. A large amount of information as to the lactual achiexe- ments of airships has been published and also perhaps an even larger amount of speculation as to their future possibilities. What will, therefore, probably Tdc of interest to a technical society such as this is a general outline of tlie ships as they exist at the stage to which they have been developed during the war.

In order to make clear the various matters which inlluence the lift and behaviour of an airship, I have introduced a small amount of aerostatics which will appear obvious and unnecessary to many, but may help others to the understanding of the more interesting points treated later.

The extent of the detail which I have been allowed to include in the lecture, although such matters have not been published before, leaves the Society with .a very deep debt of gratitude to the Admiralty.
Possibilities of Aerial Transport in Peru
Authors: Dyott G. M.
Published: June 2019

To anyone who has made a careful study of aeronautics and its possibilities in the commercial world it is evident that South America offers unusual opportunities for development by aircraft, and of all South American countries Peru, on account of its climate, its rich natural resources, its geographical position and its peculiar topographical configairation, is almost ideal. To fully appreciate the significance of this remark it is necessary to have a very clear conception of all those factors which go to make aerial transport a commercial possibility.
From Model to Full Scale in Aeronautics
Authors: Levy H.
Published: June 2019

At frequent intervals in the past the subject of the passage from model to full scale has received fairly thorough treatment at the hands of the members of this Society, and although a considerable mass of further material of extreme practical importance has since then accumulated, I do not propose to present it to you this evening. Those who are particularly interested in the data will find the greater part of it discussed in the Reports and Memoranda of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. I intend instead to devote this evening to a study of the question from a more theoretical standpoint, and in doing so I make no apology.
Case of Isaac M. Brower (Claim No. 44)
Authors: Fromageot Henri
Published: June 2019

This claim is presented by the United States on behalf of Isaac M. Brower for the sum of $1,250, with interest. It arises out of the disallowance of Brower's application for a Crown grant to certain lands in Fiji. The facts are as follows:

In 1863, two American citizens, Thompson and Gillam, purchased from a Fiji chieftain known as Tui Cakau, a group of small islands, six in number, forming a part of the Fijian group. The islands were designated on the charts as the Ringgold Islands, the native appellation being Yanuca-i-Lau, meaning “bad islands.” They were not inhabited. Not more than three of them were of any potential value, the rest being described as “ mere rocks” (Memorial, p. 439), or “ sand banks” (Memorial, p. 424). The natives appear to have gone there intermittently to get turtles.
The Winchester Anglo-Saxon Bowl
Authors: Andrew W. J. , Smith Reginald A.
Published: June 2019

In August I was asked by the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society to undertake a tentative excavation of the earthwork near Winchester known as Oliver Cromwell's Battery to ascertain its date of construction. Mr. F. W. Talbot, the lessee of the site, Mr. E. S. McEuen, the Rev. S. T. Percival, Mr. G. Weeks, and Mr. Lewis Williams at once offered to join me, and with the help of our own men we were the working party. We had the assistance of the Hon. Secretary Mr. Frank Warren, F.S.A., Dr. J. P. Williams-Freeman, Sir Thomas Troubridge, F.S.A., and Mr. V. B. Crowther-Beynon, F.S.A., the last named having been most helpful throughout.
The Date of Cissbury Camp
Authors: Curwen E. Cecil , Williamson R. P. Ross
Published: June 2019

The hill-fort of Cissbury, situated on a ridge of the Sussex Downs four miles north of Worthing, is one of the best known examples of its kind, though in regard to the strength of its defences it can scarcely be compared with such Wessex forts as Maiden Castle (Dorchester), Hambledon, Yarnbury, or Battlesbury.
The Gunner's Stiletto
Authors: Mann J. G.
Published: June 2019

The form of the Fusetto di bombardiere, or gunner's stiletto, is typical of most Italian stilettos of the seventeenth century. The grip is usually spiral, of ivory or wood inlaid with bone, or of turned iron, the quillons short and straight, and the blade stiffly triangular and tapering to a point. It is distinguished from other stilettos by the numbered graduations marked along one side of the blade.
Caesar's Funeral in Lucan VIII. 729–735
Authors: Ullman B. L.
Published: June 2019

Cordus, who gave Pompey's body decent burial, is apostrophizing Fortune: Pompey asks no splendid burial, no incense, no loyal Roman shoulders to carry the father of his country, no funeral procession displaying mementos of former triumphs, no solemn music in the fora, no mourning army circling about the pyre and casting their arms in it.
Sophocles, Ajax 601–3
Authors: Harry J. E.
Published: June 2019

An enumeration of the emendations and interpretations of these verses would fill the space necessary for a whole article. Consequently, I shall proceed at once to a consideration of what I conceive to be the correct restoration of the passage.

The last word of verse 601, ἀνάριθμος, is evidently genuine, and is accepted by all scholars. The preceding word, μήλων, has been changed to μηνῶν. Jebb regards this as a certain correction, for ‘in no other way can ἀνάριθμος be justified.’ That is true, if the adjective is to be taken with ἐγώ (as it is by all scholars); but, in my opinion, it agrees with χρόνος. Cf. ἀνάριθμος χρόνος (Schol.), O.C. 617 ὁ μριος χρόνος, Ai. 712 ὁ μέγας χρόνος. As we shall see, it is added as a reinforcement to παλαιός to convey the notion that the months seemed numberless because they were so cheerless. Cf. O. T. 561 μακρὶ παλαιοί τ' ༂ν μετρηθεῖεν χρόνοι.
Addendvm on Apvleivs Glosses in the ‘Abolita’ Glossary
Authors: Weir Robert
Published: June 2019

In my article in the last number of the Class. Quart., dealing with Apuleius glosses in the ‘Abolita’ Glossary, there should have been, on p. 41, a note explaining the gloss ‘Aerugo: sanguisuga’ (p. 86, 10);

What has happened to give the item this form? Perhaps the original entries were as follows:

‘Aerugo: ’ (Met. 1. 21).

‘: sanguisuga’ (? Met. 6, 26).

‘Aerugo’ must have been altered to ‘Herugo,’ and through confusion the two glosses became merged in one.
Fordvs and Fordicidia
Authors: Whatmough J.
Published: June 2019

Fordvs is usually regarded as containing the root of fero bher- ‘carry’; i.e. fordus stands for *foridus ‘pregnant’, like Gr. ϕορóν -óν in medical writers. Its by-form hordus therefore is held to be a dialect form, and was according to that view rightly assigned by Conway, along with some other and quite certain examples of pure Latin f- = dial. h- for I.-Eu. bh- (or dh-), to one of the dialects of the Latinian group; Conway's choice fell upon Faliscan, but that is a different question from the one under discussion.
The Vatican Plato
Authors: Post L. A.
Published: June 2019

The Plato MS. designated by Bekker as Ω and by Burnet as O escaped the investigation of editors of the text of Plato for nearly a century, because it was wrongly cited by Bekker as Vat. 796. Finally, in 1908 Rabe published an account of the missing MS., which he had discovered in the Vatican library listed as Vat. gr. 1. Until its rediscovery the opinion of Jordan prevailed that it was a comparatively late MS., copied from A (Parisinus graecus, 1807). It actually belongs, however, to the late ninth or early tenth century—i.e. it is of almost equal age with A and B.
More Facts about our Oldest Latin Manuscripts
Authors: Lowe E. A.
Published: June 2019

In an article entitled ‘Some Facts about our Oldest Latin Manuscripts,’ which appeared in this journal, the present writer put together a group of forty-seven MSS. which had this one feature in common, that each page or each column of a page they contained began with a large letter, regardless of whether that letter occurred in the middle of a sentence, or even in the middle of a word. It so happened that the list thus drawn up was composed almost entirely of very ancient MSS.; indeed, it contained a very large proportion of the oldest MSS. extant. In the circumstances it seemed useful to note down the behaviour of these MSS. with respect to four other features—namely, the manner of indicating the omission of m and n at the end of lines, the use of running titles in the top margin, the size and arrangement of the written space, and the manner of signing quires.
Vindiciae Platonicae III
Authors: Burnet John
Published: June 2019

Schanz never edited either the Parmenides or the Philebus. For the former we have minute collations of B and T in Waddell's edition, but the readings of W are still unknown. As, however, Wilamowitz has no suggestions to make about the text of the Parmenides, this does not matter for our present purpose. It seems that this dialogue was transcribed with special care just because of its difficulty. At any rate, its text is remarkably good. For the Philebus I published the readings of T for the first time, and I have now procured a photograph of W in this dialogue from Vienna. Mr. R. G. Bury's edition was an anachronism. Though he published it in 1897, he had apparently never heard of the manuscript T. In his note entitled The Text of the Philebus (pp. lxxxii sqq.) he attributes to Schanz a view of the relation between the MSS. which that editor had recanted just twenty years earlier. Except for a few corrections regarding the readings of B (which he calls Cl.), Mr. Bury's own apparatus criticus is merely a reprint of Bekker's, which was published in 1823. For the Symposium we have Schoene's collation of W, which I was able to use in my second edition, and I have now a photograph of that MS. in the Phaedrus too.
Notes on Lvcretivs
Authors: Bailey Cyril
Published: June 2019

The difficulty lies in the two words at the end of the first and last lines of the extract, cortus being manifestly corrupt, and pontus inappropriate. In 276 it is fairly clear that ‘the wind’ should be the subject of the sentence, and Markland's uentus is now printed by most editors: in 271, in spite of a variety of conjectures, editors are mostly agreed that ‘the sea’ should be the object, and Marullus' pontum is usually accepted. The sense is thus rectified, but there remains a serious palaeographical difficulty, neither of the corruptions pontum > cortus, uentus > pontus being very probable in itself or paralleled in the Lucretian MSS. It has been suggested, both by Professor Reid (Harvard Studies in Class. Phil. XXII., 1911) and by Professor Merrill (1907), that the last words of the two lines have been interchanged. If this theory can be accepted, it at once gives us pontum in 271: the nominative pontus is only an attempt to adjust it to its new context in 276. We should then be left with cortus at the end of 276, and I suggest that the obvious correction is then corus.
Case-Usage in the Greek of Asia Minor
Authors: Evans D. Emrys
Published: June 2019

The inscriptions, with their brevity and their tendency to formulaism, are not so profitable a field for the study of the syntax of the Κοιν⋯ as the papyri, and literary documents like the New Testament. Nevertheless, it is possible to glean from them some evidence, which adds to the sum-total of our knowledge; and when the time comes to deal with the Hellenistic language as a whole, they will have their contribution to make. I propose to deal with the evidence for case-usage provided by the popular inscriptions of Asia Minor, particularly those of that inland region, which corresponds roughly with the limits of ancient Phrygia.
The Earliest Narrative Poetry of Rome
Authors: Steuart Ethel Mary
Published: June 2019

Despite the discredit into which the once famous theory of Niebuhr has long sincefallen, it is beginning to appear, both to historians and to students of literature, that Epic poetry was in full process of evolution at Rome before Livius Andronicus was inspired to translate the Odyssey. There is, indeed, ample evidence to warrant such a belief; our authorities may most conveniently be considered in two main divisions. The first calls for no more than the barest mention, for it is concerned with those Naeniae and Cantus Conuiuiales the existence of which is not seriously challenged by even the most conservative criticism. They are well attested, and the evidence for their extreme antiquity is familiar to every reader of Cicero. In passing we may mention also Saturnian epitaphs like those of the Scipios, and the Tituli Triumphales set up in the Capitol. Typical lines are: Fundit, fugat, prosternit maximas legiones, from the inscription of M'Acilius Glabrio, and Summas opes qui regum regias refregit (which, however, Diomedes appears to quote as from Naevius).
‘Glossae Collectae’ in Vat. Lat. 1469. Catomvm. Navmachia
Authors: Lindsay W. M.
Published: June 2019

In the Glossary-codex, Vat. Lat. 1469, written in the year 908 (see Goetz, Corp. Gloss. Lat. IV. pref., p. xvii; V. pref., p. xviii, p. xxx), fol. 83 has been assigned to ‘glossae collectae.’ They begin (83r I med.): In Passione Apostolorum. Iussit eum inaumachia (sic) cathomis consumi. Cathomis: uirgis nodosis. Hie naumachia forum signat Romanorum quod Prorostris dicitur eo quod rostra, etc. (=C.G.L. V. 573, 19). In Sancto Sebastiano. Saturnus apocatasticus (sic): id est dispositor et destructor fatorum. Annus tuus ex diametro susceptus est. Diametrum est, etc. ‘Glossae collectae’ from the Bible and from Jerome's prefaces come next.
Apuleius Glosses in the Abolita Glossary
Authors: Weir Robert
Published: June 2019

Loewe (Prodromus, p. 144) drew attention to the fact that Apuleius is one of the authors drawn upon by the compiler of the Glossary that has come to be known as ‘Abolita’; and Professor Lindsay in his article on this Glossary (J.P. Vol. XXXIV. p. 275) gives as examples of Apuleius glosses three short batches from the CA-, the CI-, and the CO- sections. These batches are respectively as follows:

(1) C.G.L. IV. p. 29, 33 = Met. 7, 12 or 8, 13: 34 = Met. 9, 16: 35 = Met. 11, 16. (The ‘Abstrusa’ portion on this page runs from No. 6 to No. 32, and it is possible that the last item of the preceding ‘Abolita’ portion, p. 29, 5 ‘causor: accuso[r] uel queror’ comes from Apol. 79—causari.)
EΞ ϒΠΟΒΟΛΗσ
Authors: Ferguson A. S.
Published: June 2019

Τ⋯ τε 'Ομ⋯ρον ⋯ξ ὑποβολ⋯ς γ⋯γραφε [σόλων] ῥαψῳδεῖσθαι, οἷον ὅπου ό πρ⋯τος ἒληξεν ⋯κεῖθεν ἂρχεσθαι τòν ⋯χ;óμεν㦿ν (Diogenes Laertius, I. 2, 57).

It would be tedious to trace the course of the controversy about this phrase. Since Hermann showed that ύποβάλλειν means ‘subiicere alteri quod recordetur uel dicat’ (as in administering an oath), the many conflicting interpretations have been obliged to resort to some device, more or less strained, in order to reconcile the natural sense of ύποβολή with what at least appears to be the explanatory clause added in the text of Diogenes, and with the parallel phrase in the Hipparchus, 228d: ήνάγκασε τούς ῥαΨῳδοὺς Παναθηναίοις ⋯ξ ύπολ⋯ψεως ⋯φεξης α⋯τ⋯ διι⋯ναι. We should expect some term meaning performance by turns, and sufficiently technical to need the explanation given by Diogenes. Mr. Pallis has cut the knot in the Classical Quarterly (1913, p. 134) by suggesting ⋯ξ ὺποβ⋯ς on the model of the pseudo-Platonic passage. There is, however, no classical authority for this word, and a change as small will restore a known technical word with the required sense.
Horace and the Moral Function of Poetry
Authors: Tate J.
Published: June 2019

The modern admirers of Horace who take him seriously as a moralist are inclined to attribute an undue degree of originality to his views on the moral function of poetry. The conception of the poet as teacher was, of course, the traditional Greek view. But Professor A. Y. Campbell thinks—in spite of ‘passages from Strabo and Plutarch’ —that this conception ‘after the days of Plato and Aristophanes lapsed as completely as did the production of the sort of literature that had justified it.’ Strabo and Plutarch, he asserts, merely provide evidence that the older Greek view revived; the forces inspiring this ‘revival’ were ‘not Greek, but Roman.’ ‘The Greeks got it from the Romans, Strabo from the spirit of the Augustan age.’
The Spondeion Scale
Authors: Winnington-Ingram R. P.
Published: June 2019

Our information about the early stages of Greek music is so slight that these references of Aristides Quintilianus (p. 28, Meibom) to an the Pseudo-Plutarch to a scale employed by the legendary figure Olympus take on an immense value for us. The dialogue itself is an unskilful patchwork, but the author's sources are often good. These particular passages are almost certainly both derived with small alteration from Aristoxenus, in whose time the traditional music ascribed to Olympus was still in use. For the elucidation of the scale's history and structure we have three1 pieces of evidence to help us. There is the first passage mentioned above, which deals with the discovery of the enharmonic genus by Olympus, which is connected, at first sight obscurely, with the Spondeion scale; and the second passage, which discusses the scalar limitations of theσφoνδειξων τρόφoς with especial reference to an elementary polyphony. There are also the ancient scales quoted by Aristides Quintilianus (ed. Meibom, p. 21).
The Origin of the Shorter Glosses of Placidvs
Authors: Pirie J. W.
Published: June 2019

The relation of the glossae breviores of Placidus, or rather Pseudo–Placidus, to Festus1 epitome of Verrius has been the subject of much discussion; but after Karl's detailed examination inDe Placidi Glossis (Comm. phil. I en. VII. 2), the view has generally prevailed that Ps.–Plac. is not dependent on Festus, and that any similarities between them are referable to the use of similar sources by Verrius and our compiler.
The Meaning of the Hippolytus of Euripides.
Authors: Spranger J. A.
Published: June 2019

In beginning to speak of Euripides in this University of Manchester, one's thoughts naturally turn to the work of Professor Norwood in this direction, and it is with an especially keen sense of pleasure that I find myself not only following in his footsteps—a long way after!—but helping in a small way to contribute some further confirmation to the views on Euripides established by him and Professor Verrall.
The Policy of Clodius from 58 to 56 B.C.
Authors: Marsh Frank Burr
Published: June 2019

The motive of Clodius in attacking the validity of Caesar's laws in the latter part of 58 B.C. has been the subject of many conjectures on the part of modern historians. In a recent article1 Pocock has propounded a new theory as to the position and policy of the turbulent tribune, which is highly suggestive and deserving of a careful consideration. In the first place Pocock, in opposition to all previous historians, flatly denies that Clodius made any such attack at all, and offers a new explanation of the passage in Cicero's speech for his house where this is asserted. In the oration in question Cicero declares that Clodius called Bibulus before the people and by the testimony of the former consul showed that all Caesar's laws had been passed in disregard of the auspices, drawing from this the conclusion that they should all be annulled by the senate. If the conscript fathers would do this, Clodius offered to bring Cicero back on his own shoulders as the saviour of his country.2 Pocock believes that Cicero has flagrantly misrepresented Clodius and wilfully distorted his meaning. Some of Cicero's friends had denied the legality of Clodius' tribuneship and hence of the great orator's exile, and what Clodius did was to demonstrate that this denial logically involved the repudiation of all the Julian legislation. His offer to bring back Cicero was an ironical difiance, and amounted to telling the nobles that they had better not raise such a question unless they had the courage to cancel all Caesar's laws, something which he knew that they would not dare to do.
Tenes
Authors: Halliday W. R.
Published: June 2019

From time to time the figure of Tenes or Tennes, the eponymous hero of Tenedos, intrudes itself into discussions of larger matters connected with Greek religion, usually in order to lend support to some imaginative theory. As one of the latest examples might be instanced Dr. A. B. Cook's Zeus II., pp. 654 sqq. It is as well, however, to be certain as to the precise evidential value which attaches to the stories about Tenes before employing them to buttress further hypotheses. A little intensive study of these traditions will therefore not be unprofitable, even if the result should be almost wholly negative. For in that event wemay be spared the trouble of placing much reliance upon edifices erected upon sand.
The Authorship of the Hippias Maior
Authors: Tarrant Dorothy
Published: June 2019

In his article in a recent issue of the Classical Quarterly Mr. G. M. A.Grube attempts to vindicate the authenticity of the Hippias Maior, concentrating his attention upon an article by me as ‘embodying most of the objections of earlier scholars’ against the genuineness of the dialogue. I believe that I am still ‘the latest exponent,’ in any detail, of this view; but I may claim at least some good company in the heresy, and to the names already cited by Mr. Grube or myself may be added in particular that of Wilamowitz, who also believes the Hippias Maior to have been written in the Academy within Plato's lifetime. I was not aware when writing my previous article of this noteworthy support in a work just then appearing.
Parody in Plavtvs
Authors: Sedgwick W. B.
Published: June 2019

MissSteuart, in her recent edition of the Annals of Ennius, prints the notorious line, ‘O Tite, tute, Tati, tibi tanta tyranne tulisti,’ among the fragmenta spuria, and shows that the attribution of it to Ennius is late and uncertain. That it is old is shown by the fact that it is quoted in the Ad Herennium. Miss Steuart classes it among the ‘freak’ lines by which Hardie (without good reason) thought Lucilius (1100 Mx.) illustrated his hundred kinds of Solecism (Res Metrica, p. 4, note).
The Marriage Laws in Plato's Republic
Authors: Grube G. M. A.
Published: June 2019

The difficult and apparently inconsistent regulations by which certain marriages are forbidden in the Republic have not, it would seem, been consistently explained hitherto. It is the purpose of this article to prove that—if we read Plato's text without prejudice—marriages between brothers and sisters are nowhere prohibited, but expressly allowed; and that there are in the ideal city certain family groups, though I do not contend that any very great importance is to be attached to these.
Virgil and The Sibyl
Authors: Austin Roland. G.
Published: June 2019

If the Bucolics as a whole ‘ look on us with dark enigmatical eyes,’ for long no more impenetrable darkness and no more compelling enigma could be found than that of the fourth poem in the collection. But Skutsch, the authors of Virgil's Messianic Eclogue, and more recently Mr. Royds in his Virgil and Isaiah, have done much to solve its many mysteries. Their efforts, however, were mainly directed towards the problems of fact contained in the Eclogue, and so far little attention seems to have been given to an equally interesting point, that of its metrical arrangement. It is plain that we must consult the Sibyll for help: if it is not plain, that is not Virgil's fault. I hope to be able to show here that Virgil himself has left in this poem certain unmistakeable signs for those who have eyes to see and ears to hear, besides his own rather casual reference to the Cumaeum carmen, and incidentally to dispose anew of the theory which reads in that expression an allusion not to the Sibyl but to Hesiod.
On the Date of Herodotus' Death
Authors: Todd O. J.
Published: June 2019

Did Herodotus die between 430 and 424 or later ?

He twice speaks of the Peloponnesian War as an event, in VII. 137 (χρνῳ δμετπειτα πολλῷ πηγρθη [sc. Ϊαλθυβου μυις] κατ τν Πελοποννσῳν κα Ἀθηναωνπλεμον, ὡς λγονσι Λακεδαιμνιοι) and IX. 73 (τοῖςι δ Δεκελεσι ν Σπρτῃ π τοτουτο ἒργου τελειη τε κα προεδρη διατελει ς τδε αἰε ἓτι οσα, οὔτω ὥστε κα ς τνπλεμον τν ὓστερον πολλοῖσι ἒτεσι τοτων γενμενον Ἀθηνα τε κα Πελοποννησοισι σινоμνων τᾐν ἂλλην Ἀττικν Λακεδαιμονων, Δεκελης πχεσθαι).