bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
471 – Needs of Family Caregivers in Caring Old Relatives Having Depression: A Literature Review
Authors: Wong W.C. , Lee L.Y.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Family caregivers experience great stress after their old relatives have been diagnosed depression. Satisfying the needs of these caregivers may reduce their stress and empower their competence in caring those depressed older people. Therefore, it is essential to assess the needs of family caregivers.

Aim:

To identify the needs of family caregivers’ in caring old relative with depression by literature review.

Method:

Criteria were set for searching published studies in databases. Both local and overseas researches that studied the needs of family caregivers of depressed adults aged 65 or above were included. Those studies with keywords, such as carers, caregivers, needs, concerns, elderly, old people and depression, in titles and abstracts were identified. The studies were limited to articles published between January 1990 and March 2012, in English or Chinese. All kinds of research design and methodology were included. Articles were obtained through databases, including CINAHL, OVID, Medline, Cochrane, ProQuest and PsycInfo. Besides, manual search was performed when necessary. Lastly, nine literatures were chosen for reviewing as they fulfilled the criteria.

Result:

Family caregivers experienced negative emotional burden, stress and worry. Besides, they were fear of isolation and change in relationship role. Furthermore, they would like to satisfy their learning needs in caring skills. Studies proved that education program was an effective way to support the family caregivers.

Conclusion:

Education program, which provides information about older people depression and caring skills, and preparation for role change, is indicated to provide support to the caregivers.
485 – Cognitive Interventions in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Schecker M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Many studies have shown that also cognitive stimulation in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease improves language processing and (other) cognitive functions. It is no longer the question of whether cognitive stimulation helps rather what kind of cognitive stimulation helps more than others.

Methods:

42 subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease underwent clinical and cognitive evaluation and participated in a sixmonth study with two experimental groups and a control group. Experimental group 1 participated in, client-centered’ global cognitive stimulation, focused on the self as the highest executive authority. Experimental group 2 participated in a cognitive training program, focusing on the representation of complex context correlations in the working memory. The waiting group received only drug treatment.

Results:

Results confirmed previous investigation; in both experimental groups increases the cognitive status (MMSE). In looking at the single functional areas only, client-centered’ stimulation improves

(1) language processing and

(2) (other) cognitive functions and increases

(3) ADL/IADL performance and

(4) the subjective quality of life.

The cognitive training of working memory improves only ADL/IADL performance (more than cognitive stimulation) and stabilizes the level of performance in the three other functional areas. The waiting group is characterized by large declines in performance in all four functional areas.
489 – Correlation between Depression and Perfectionism in Iranian Students
Authors: Bimanand L. , Peyman H. , Sayehmiri K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Perfectionism is the irrational belief that people have towards their surroundings. Depression is one of the outputs of extreme perfectionism.

Objectives:

To evaluate the correlation between depression and perfectionism.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine the relationship between depression and perfectionism in students of Ilam University of medical sciences.

Methods:

200 individual of students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, during a descriptive-analytical study with classified sampling were studied. Collecting data was conducted by use the Frost Perfectionism Multidimensional Scale (FMPS) and Beck Depression Inventory. Reliability of questionnaire with 87% Alpha coefficient was confirmed. FMPS questionnaire have a 6 domains. Collected data using SPSS18 software and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were analyzed.

Results:

No significant relationship was found between gender, major, semester and faculty with depression score, while there was a significant relationship between sex with some perfectionism domains (p< 0.01). There was a significant correlation between depression with parental criticism (p=0.05, r = 0.134) and Concern Over Mistakes (P = 0.004, r = 0.201).

Conclusions:

Depression was significantly correlated to some domains of perfectionism.
494 – Gender Difference in Harmful Alcohol use and Adverse Drinking Consequences among Taiwanese Aborigines
Authors: Yang M.-S. , Wang M.-H. , Lai C.-Y. , Yen C.-F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Alcohol consumption is a part of the aboriginal culture. It was found that is a predominant health problem in aboriginal community. There was little research describing whether gender differences in harmful drinking and adverse drinking consequence among aborigines. Thus, it is important to evaluate such differences in order to provide evidence for developing interventions in problem drinking.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to examine the gender differences in the prevalence, correlates, and adverse drinking consequences among harmful alcohol users in Taiwanese aborigines.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted. 449 study participants, aged 18-60, were recruited into the study from community-dwelling aborigines in southern Taiwan. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to collect information regarding harmful alcohol drinking. Personal characteristics, related risk factors and adverse drinking consequences were assessed by questionnaire.

Results:

The result revealed that the prevalence of harmful drinking in male users was 71.6%, female users were 49.2%. The results showed that female harmful alcohol users were more likely to have poor mental health, 58% of them with suicidal ideation, 50% with depression, more inactive in religious practice, and unemployed. It was also found that more than half of the male harmful alcohol users have adverse drinking consequence, including accidental injury, quarreled with others, and unable to work.

Conclusions:

Harmful drinking was a predominant health problem in aborigines. This finding suggested that depression and suicidal ideation should be routinely evaluated for female harmful alcohol users by the professional of primary care.
496 – Proteomic Changes in the Hypothalamus of Female Rats Injected Exogenous Androgen before Sexual Differentiation
Authors: Wei N. , Hu S. , Hu J. , Huang M. , Zhou W. , Xu Y.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to identify protein molecules in the hypothalamus in the female rats injected exogenous androgen before sexual differentiation.

Methods:

Neonatal female SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control female group. Four neonatal male SD rats were control male group. All animals were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate as experimental group or aseptic oil as control. The rats were sacrificed 90 days after the injection and the brains were collected. 2-DE were performed in order to establish profiles of proteome from rat hypothalamus and followed by MALDITOF- TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins differentially expressed in rat hypothalamus from experimental group as compared to normal control group.

Results:

11 differential spots were cut off from the Silver stained gel, and 9 of the spots were identified, which were Dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K(hnRNP K), Profilin2, Triosephosphate isomerase 1(Tpi 1), Carbonic anhydrase II(CA II), Annexin A3, Protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 (PDIA3), Creatine kinase-B and Secernin 1.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicate that the development of sexual differentiation may be associated with the alteration in the expression of a large number of cytosolic proteins in the hypothalamus.
497 – Effects of Low-level Environmental Lead Exposure on the Behavioural Functions of Children in Al-Minya, Egypt
Authors: Khalaf M.A.-A.M. , Abdel-Zaher M.A.-A. , Abdel-Rahman R.H. , El-Mazary A.-A.M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Lead (Pb) is a confirmed neurotoxin. Clear adverse effects of blood Pb level (BLL) ≥ 10 μg/dl have been documented in children, but questions remain about Pb-associated behavioural disorders at these BLL and whether lower exposures are associated with greater disorders.

Objectives:

To study the behavioural disorders associated with environmental low-level Pb exposure in children living in the villages of the east coast of the River Nile located nearby Al-Minya industrial area.

Subjects:

Study was conducted at Al-Minya University Hospital for Obstetric, Gynaecology and Pediatrics (1st of July, 2007 - 30th of June, 2009). It included 120 children aged 7-9 years from the nearest 2 villages to Al-Minya industrial city (60 children each), namely, El-Newayrat and Al-Shorafaa, and 60 children from Talla, a village located to the west of Al-Minya city, as a control group.

Methods:

BLL had been measured, and all studied children were subjected to Conners’ test.

Results:

Children BLL from El-Newayrat and Al-Shorafaa were significantly increased when compared to that of Talla children with higher affection reported with El-Newayrat. Conners’ test revealed higher affection in children from EL-Newayrat and Al- Shorafaa when compared to Talla. There was a strong negative correlation to BLL (5–10 μg/dl). The most pronounced deficits were in the areas of ADHD, psychsomatic and learning disorders.

Conclusions:

Low-level Pb exposure in children was accompanied with behavioral disorders. It is advised to perform a national study to evaluate how big the problem is and to put Pb-toxicity in the list of the national health problems.
520 – Key Points in Psychogeriatric Palliative Care - Developping the “Panss” Model in the Czech Republic
Authors: Luzny J. , Vyrostkova O. , Blazkova M. , Pospisilova I. , Indrakova A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

As aging of population is actual demographic trend, incidence of dementia increases. Thanks to effective treatment plenty of patients with dementia live longer and end in terminal stages of dementia. Therefore palliative approach in psychogeriatry comes to the fore.

Objectives, aims:

To determine key points in psychogeriatric palliative care to maintain quality of life in terminal stages of dementia and to develop complex model of palliative care in psychogeriatry.

Methods:

Content analysis of focus group interviews and expert opinions among psychogeriatrists and palliative care specialists.

Results:

As a result of focus group interviews and expert opinions among specialist we propose “PANSS” model in psychogeriatric palliative care - Pain relief, Autonomy, Nutrition support, Skin to protect bedsores, Spiritual and Social support.

Conclusion:

PANSS model could be suitable model of complex psychogeriatric palliative care in routine clinical practice.
537 – Comparative Study of Postural Recognition from Four Actigraphs during Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Bensamoun D. , David R. , Alexandre D. , Marie V. , Robert P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Ambulatory actigraphy is a simple and objective method for the evaluation of motor activity that is used in several neuropsychiatric disoders such as depression, agitation, apathy, and sleep disorders.

Objective:

To evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of actigraphic postural detection versus postural data gathered by observer during multiple guided activities.

Material and methods:

A voluntary healthy subject was equipped with different actigraphs (Actiwatch®; MicroMini- Motionlogger®; MotionLog®; Movilis®) then realized multiple guided activities during a 7-hour diurnal period : walking, standing, sitting, decubitus with sleep. Actigraphs were worn on different locations (wrists, thorax, ankles, belt) and two of them included postural recognition in addition to motor activity monitoring. Se and Sp for postural recognition compared to ground-truth were obtained from table of confusion based on raw activity data recordings; error of attribution due to devices is detailed in confusion matrix.

Results:

Actigraphy postural recognition is efficient for lying position detection (MotionLog: Se 99% Sp 97%; Movilis: Se 80% Sp 72%). Standing position was mainly recognized as sitting position and therefore actigraphic detection lacks of accuracy for these positions. Walking is detected with 20% error.

Conclusion:

Postural actigraphy is efficient for lying position detection and actigraphic postural recognition could improve detection and characterization of nocturnal awakenings and diurnal napping in clinical practice.
544 – FDA Approved Psychotrop IC Medication S Listing for Common Psychiatri C Illnesses in Current us Pacific Military Medicine and Comparison with Europe
Authors: Fletes F.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

What are the FDA and EMEA approved Psychotropic Medications for Psychiatric Illnesses? What do these approval processes mean?

Objectives:

Describe the process for FDA/ EMEA approval of drugs used to treat psychiatric disordres, identify disorders of DSM-IV TR commonly seen in Medicine, present currently FDA/EMEA approved Psychotropic Medications for Psychiatric Illnesses in International Medicine.

To identify psychiatric disorders of DSM-IV TR commonly seen in Medicine and have access to a FDA/EMEA approved Psychotropic Medications.

Aims:

The FDA and its European Counterpart, the EMEA are recognized for enforcing two of the world's most rigorous review processes, determining what medications are safe/effective, which makes their approval a meaningful title to patients. A readily accessible list of DSM-IV TR Psychiatric disorders with the corresponding FDA and EMEA approved medications listed would help communication between providers and patients and prevent bad outcomes. Currently, no such document is readily available.

Methods:

Review of most commonly seen psychiatric disorders in International Medicine. Review of the current FDA Orange book for current FDA approved Psychotrop Medications for Common Psychiatric Illnesses.

Results:

A list of DSM-IV TR Psychiatric disorders commonly seen in Medicine with the corresponding FDA/EMEA approved medications listed.

Conclusions:

To create a user friendly document listing common DSM-IV TR Psychiatric disorders seen in the US military setting with the corresponding FDA approved psychotropic medications to aid healthcare providers, and educate patients about the significance of using a medication for its FDA approved diagnoses versus “off-label” prescribing, and to compare this process to the EMEA process.
552 – Use of Agomelatin in Depressive and Physical Symptoms of Perimenopause - A Pilot Study
Authors: Koegel K. , Krueger S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Depression affects up to 20% of alle women entering perimenopause. The symptoms of depression are often debilitating and are related to the decrease of the steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen. Treatments such as SSRIS and SNRIs often worsen the physical symptoms of perimenopause such as hot flashes and there is some evidence that a decrease of estrogen inhibits the effectiveness of SSRIs. Thus, we investigated whether agomelatin was effective in treating perimenopausal depression without worsening hot flashes and other perimenopausal-related physical symptoms.

Method:

35 women with moderate to severe depression related to perimenopause as diagnosed by a typical hormonal constellattion and by systematic psychiatric assessment were treated with agomelatin for 6 weeks. Symptom change of both depression and of physical symptoms was evaluated weekly by several rating scales.

Results:

Agomelatin improved both depression and physical symptoms of perimenopause, particularly hot flashes and night sweats. After 6 weeks 70% of the women reported remission from depression and all said that their sleeping pattern had improved as well as their overall quality of life. They related this strongly to the significant improvment of hot flashes and night sweats.

Conclusions:

Agomelatin improves both depressive and physical symptoms of perimenopause. Since hot flashes and night sweats are among the most debilitating symptoms of perimenpause and since about 80% of women suffers from them, agomelatin might be a good option for those women who do not want HRT.
557 – Sexual Function in Women with and without Children Relationship between Attachment Style
Authors: Pourakbaran E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Sex, family environment, which is a natural extension of acceptance and satisfaction in preserving the familial system is effective for delivery due to circumstances during sexual behavior changes. But it changes because of special conditions of women daring pregnancy and after child birth.

Method:

A total of 120 married women (60 women and 60 children with no children), age range 30-20 years, with a nonrandom sampling available at the health centers were selected b specialty Obstetrics & Gynecology.

Results:

showed that women who have not yet lived through the experience of pregnancy and improve sexual function (p = 0/017) had., And in front of a group of married women who have children are having more sexual satisfaction. With a secure attachment style are.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between attachment style and sexual function. Thus a decrease in sexual function in women with children to insecure attachment (Avoidant and Ambivalent) to eat. indicated that attachment styles are very important This shows that it attachment styles have main role on sexual performance.
566 – Depression- Self Estimation at the Health Center of NI&SCARON; Non-medical Staff
Authors: Ilic N. , Ilic V.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this paper is to estimate level of depression at the non-medical staff in our institution,inside the reliability of the instrument used.

We have used the ZUNG self-estimation depression scale, and it was filled in by 53 of non-medical employees, of both sexes, in the 25-55 years age range.

Twenty two male and thirty one female examinees were involved, so the sex ratio was 1.4 : 1.

Results:

Depressivity-free are 15 of examined employees (26.41%), three of them (5.66%) are depressive in remission. Depressive with other disorders are 28 employees (52.83%), and eight non-medical workers (15.09%) need depression medical treatment. Considering the female examinees, 7 of them are depression-free (22.58%), two of them are depressive in remission (6.45%), 16 of them are depressive with other disorders (51.61%), and 6 female examinees (19.35%) need depression medical curing.

The separate male results are following:

Seven male examinees are depression-free (31.8%), one of them (4.54%) belongs to the depression in remission cathegory, 12 of them (54.54%) are depressive with other disorders, and 2 male examinees (9.09%) need depression medical treatment.

Above mentioned proves the greater depression occurance at female examinees.

The suicidal thoughts are present at 5.66% of the examined workers.

Results denotes depression level at the examined group, and primarily give accent to the etiologic factors for depression origin. Considerably factors involved in this problem, among the others, are the low social-economic status and numerous traumatic events in the recent time period.
574 – Analysis of Relation Between Time Management Behaviors and Occupational Stress of Nurses
Authors: Hashemizadeh H.
Published: July 2013

Background:

According to lakein description of time management, individuals first determine their needs and want and then rank them of importance. Specific activities include setting goals to achieve the needs or wants and prioritizing the tasks necessary to accomplish them. The tasks of at most importance are then matched to the time and resources available by planning, scheduling, and making lists.

The Purpose of study are analysis of relation between time management behaviors (setting goal and priorities, mechanics of time management, control of time and organization) and occupational stress (role overload, role ambiguity and role conflict).

Methods and tools:

30head nurses (all of the samples) of educational hospitals depend on shaheed beheshti medical university of Tehran - Iran participate in this research. A questionnaire which had 57 questions was used. For data analysis, X2 and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

Result:

In general most of sample located in good level of T.M.B (63.4%). In addition most of sample (50%) experience occupational stress in the normal level.

Finally Meaningful relation is seen between T.M.B and occupational stress (r = - 0.81 P< 0.001).

Discussion:

It is important to distinguish among the different facets of time management. The low correlation among the factors indicate that, for instance, if a person sets goal it does not necessarily follow that he or she feels in control of time or makes lists. Finally time management behaviors can reduce occupational stress.
588 – Perceived Social Support among College Populations in Kuwait
Authors: Almutairi H.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Although perceived social support (PSS) is purported to enhance young adults' mental health, it has been under investigated among college students in Kuwait. This study attempted to determine its association to a host of correlates.

Method:

A sample comprised of 468 subjects drawn from introductory courses at Kuwait University (50.6% females, Mean of age=20,90, 72.8% singles) was utilized to administer the questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by students who consented to participate in the study.

Results:

Multiple Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) showed high alph coefficients. They were as follows: Total .929, Family .871, Friends .852, and Significant Others .894. Concerning its association to study variables, gender revealed different patterns. For males MPSS was correlated to family income, nonsuicidal self injury, and borderline personality disorder. For females, MPSS was correlated to school year, internet use, and smoking.

Discussion:

MPSS seems to function differently with respect to gender. Some of findings of this study were consistent with previous research. Others, showed correlations in reverse directions. Both will be discussed theoretically and culturally.
592 – Overlap Autism and Schizophrenia
Authors: Fitzgerald M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

There is a long controversial history between schizophrenia and autism.

Aim:

To detail the history of the relationship between autism and schizophrenia.

Methods:

Literature review.

Results:

The overlap phenomology genetics will be discussed.

Conclusion:

Adult autism can easily be confused with schizophrenia. There are very significant overlaps and differences between autism and schizophrenia.
593 – Sociodemographic Profile, Presentations and Therapeutic Interventions in a Community Psychiatry Service in South-west, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunnubi P.O. , Adikea C.D. , Oshodi Y. , Adeyemi A. , Adeyemi J. , Oni D.O. , Olagunju A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Community psychiatry serves as a tool to bridge the mental health gap that exists in many developing countries. Poverty in rural areas of such nations may hamper the quality of mental health services delivered to these populations. The study aims to describe the Sociodemographic Profile, Presentations, and Therapeutic Interventions in a Community Psychiatry Service in South-West, Nigeria.

Methods:

A retrospective study of data collated over a 20-month period in a community psychiatry service of LUTH Primary Care Center in Pakoto, Ifo Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were extracted from the register opened at the commencement of the posting over the stated period. The psychiatric assessments were conducted by mental health professionals and diagnosis made based on ICD-10 criteria.

Results:

A total of 155 patients were seen (N=155). 54.2% were male. Majority (49.6%) was between the age ranges of 16-30 years.68.7% were unmarried and 71% were unemployed. 28.4% had Poor sleep, Hallucination-25.2%, Aggression-23.9%, Autistic behaviour-18.1%, Delusions-15.5% and 15.0% had mood changes. Typical antipsychotics were more prescribed than the Atypicals (89.5: 5.9%).

Conclusion:

The study brings to light the importance of integrating community psychiatry into the primary care as many of the subjects had low socioeconomic profile and may have difficulty assessing adequate medical intervention. There is a need for government's intervention in areas of employment and subsidy of medication as most of the subjects with psychotic symptoms were placed on conventional antipsychotics due to inability to afford the cost of atypical alternatives.
598 – The Sixth Criterion of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mattei G. , Bursi S. , Ferrari S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors affecting the same subject, when three out of the following five criteria are present: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (or diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes). Recent studies on the association between the MetS, depression and anxiety have reported conflicting findings; yet, clinically they are very frequently present in the same patient.

Aim:

To review findings supporting the opportunity of considering the presence of depressive/anxiety symtoms as the “sixth criterion” of the Metabolic Syndrome.

Methods:

Systematic review. A Medline search of the literature conducted on September 12th, 2012 (key words: metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression) provided 148 references. A further temporal-limit of the search, taking into account only papers published in the last five years, provided 90 references. Finally, 16 studies were retained eligible for the present study.

Results:

Of 16 papers, 3 reported absolutely no association between MetS, depression and anxiety; 5 reported a significant correlation. As far as depression is concerned, 5 papers reported a correlation with MetS, 1 reported no correlation between MetS and the Major Depressive Disorder. As far as anxiety is concerned, 4 papers reported a significant correlation with MetS, 2 reported no correlation. The most reproducible finding was the correlation between anxious/depressive symptoms and the MetS (especially large waist circumference), when affecting women.

Conclusions:

The presence of depression and/or anxiety could be considered the sixth criterion to diagnose the MetS in females with large waist circumference.
602 – Psychiatric Comorbidity In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hoang H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease, which leads to an increased risk for development of emotional and mental disorders and increased suicide risk. Many studies have shown that MS-patient have increased risk of depression, mania, anxiety and psychosis.

Objectives:

To carry out register-based studies and clinical study in order to clarify the requency of MS patients who received psychiatric diagnoses compared with the background population.

Aims:

The aim of this project is being able to use the results from our register investigation together with the clinical findings to design a clinical guideline for the screening of psychiatric disorder in the diagnosis of MS.

Materials and methods:

The project consist of 2 parts:

A register-based cohort study with interconnection of The Danish Psychiatric Central register, the Danish Scleroseregrister, and Register of Medicinal Product Statistics from State Serum Institute. Statistics Denmark will perform the register interconnection. The cohort is a group of patient diagnosed with MS in the period from 1.January 1999- 1. January 2009. They will be investigated for psychiatric comorbidity before and after diagnosis of MS, compared to the background population.

Clinical study: The clinical examination includes screening of 75 MS patients from the Sclerosis Cl inic of Southern Denmark. The screenings instruments are Beck Depression Intervention and The hospital depression and anxiety scale (HADS scale.). The MS patients we found under screening with high risk of psychiatric comorbidity will be invited to a more detailed clinical interview using the diagnostics tool: Present State Examination (PSE) for depression and anxiety.
613 – Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 DNA Hypomethylation - An Epigenetic Signature of Panic Disorder?
Authors: Domschke K. , Tidow N. , Schrempf M. , Schwarte K. , Klauke B. , Reif A. , Arolt V. , Zwanzger P. , Deckert J.
Published: July 2013

The glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67/65; GAD1/GAD2) as the rate-limiting enzyme in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis has been suggested as a prime candidate in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. In the present study, DNA methylation of GAD1/2 gene regulatory regions was investigated for association with panic disorder with particular attention to possible effects of environmental factors.

Sixty-five patients with panic disorder (f=44, m=21) and 65 matched healthy controls were analyzed for DNA methylation status at 40 GAD1 and 10 GAD2 CpG sites via direct sequencing of sodium bisulfate treated DNA extracted from blood cells. The occurrence of recent positive and negative life events was ascertained. Patients and controls were genotyped for GAD1 genetic variation.

Patients with panic disorder exhibited significantly lower average GAD1 methylation than healthy controls. The occurrence of negative life events was correlated with relatively decreased average methylation mainly in the female subsample. GAD1 SNPs rs3749034 and rs3762555 conferred a significantly lower methylation at three GAD1 CpG sites. No differential methylation was observed in the GAD2 gene.

The present pilot data suggest a - potentially compensatory - role of GAD1 gene hypomethylation in panic disorder possibly mediating the influence of negative life events and dependent on genetic variation. Future studies are warranted to replicate the present finding in independent samples, preferably applying a longitudinal design.
631 – Bullying Discourse to Survive in the Street
Authors: Akbari F. , Damaliamiri M. , Haghgouyan H.
Published: July 2013

Low level of education and poverty of families force the children to work as a salesperson on the crossroads, hoping to improve their financial situation. Their combats bring about verbal violence expressed in bullying. The anti-verbalism appearing in these children‘s discourse guarantees their survival in the street while some suffer from mental disorders.

The outcomes of the research can help the counsellors to plan a specific linguistic program to guide the bullying children and to recognize the onset of bullying discourse among students.

The recordings of quarrels, combats and competition discourse of crossroad youth in Hamedan were used as the main materials of collecting data which were analysed in content through CDA methods, considering socioeconomic status and educational background. Most youth used ascribing ugly and awesome attributes to their rivals’ parents and sisters classified into Using racial, ethnic or sexual slurs and epithets along with calling hurtful names. They expressed taboos to create a secured environment to earn money. The elder the children were, the greater the number of swears they used. The families had little or no control on these youThe personality formation of bullying children with verbal violence is concomitant with their family‘s education, income and culture.As the children grew older, they became farther from the house and relied more on their abilities to earn more money. The pressures of security forces to collect the children from the streets forced them more and more to be equipped with anti-verbalism to become the hero of competition realm and search for by-pass actions to survive.
647 – The Driver Behaviour, Violations, Errors, Lapses on Roads: A Cross Cultural Comparison of Four Countries
Authors: Bener A.
Published: July 2013

Aim:

To investigate the cross cultural difference in driver behaviours; violations, errors and lapses and compare driving behaviours of four countries; Qatar, Jordan, Indian subcontinent and Philippines.

Subjects and methods:

The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) was used to measure the driving behaviour and accident involvement. A representative sample of 1,824 drivers participated.

Results:

Majority of the Qatari (35.9%) and Jordanian drivers (37.5%) were below 30 years, whereas Philippino (42.3%) and Indian subcontinental (34.1%) drivers were in the age group 30-39 years. Qatari drivers (52%) were more involved in accidents, followed by Jordanians (48.3%). The most common type of collision was head on collision which was similar in four countries. The Qatari drivers scored higher on almost all items of violations, errors and lapses, while Philipino drivers were lower on all the items. All ten items of violations were reported in the Qatar sample. “Disregard the speed limits on a motorway” was the violation observed more frequent in four countries. Errors were reported less in all countries. “Queing to turn right/left on to a main road…… nearly hit the car” was the most common error observed in studied drivers. Lapses were higher in Indian drivers, followed by Qatari and Jordanian drivers. “Forget where you left your car …….hit something when reversing” were the two most common lapses reported in four countries.

Conclusion:

Qatari drivers scored higher on most of the items of violations, errors and lapses compared to other countries, whereas Philippino drivers scored lower in DBQ items.
658 – Patients' Perceptions of Family Structure and Support in Schizophrenia
Authors: Abnavi M. Anvar , Mani A. , Said N.A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The family is the first universal institutional system that is necessary for human survival and development. The relationship between family members determine predisposition to illness and health.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in perception between patients with schizophrenia and their normal siblings with regard to family functioning and support.

Methods:

In this cross sectional study fifty schizophrenic patients admitted in 2 psychiatric hospital in shiraz and their 50 normal siblings were participated. A demographic questionnaire, The Perceived Social Support-Family Scale and Family Assessment Device were completed by participants.

Result:

Significant differences were noted in perception of family structure and family support between patients with schizophrenia and their normal siblings (p = 0.001). Score of general family function, problem solving and emotional responsiveness in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than their normal siblings (P< 0.001).

Conclusions:

Patients with schizophrenia perceive their family structure and support more negatively than their sibling. This difference was more significant in problem solving and emotional responsiveness dimensions. Family psycho education and therapy in patients with schizophrenia must consider these aspects of family dysfunction.
660 – Alcohol Misuse in Patient of Emergency Hospital
Authors: Egorov A. , Krupitsky E. , Sofronov A. , Bobrov A. , Tyavokina E. , Dobrovolskaya A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Alcohol abuse is the cause of many somatic diseases, more severe illness manifestation, and the premature patient deaths.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of alcohol abuse and dependence among patients with a c somatic diseases hospitalized in emergency multidisciplinary hospital.

Methods:

Within five days, 807 patients were examined with the help of clinical and psychometric tools: specially designed patient study card, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition, all patients were tested for AST, ALT, GGT, and blood ethanol. In 1.5 months treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

The study revealed a high percentage of patients with substance abuse disorders (about a quarter). The vast majority of them (80%) had a problems with alcohol. About the same number of patients admitted to hospital in varying degrees of alcohol intoxication. Among patients admitted to somatic hospitals, “hidden” contingent of people who have problems with alcohol is much greater than the “left out” (who consulted in the specialized addiction outpatient clinic). The majority of this hidden contingent did not seek any specialized treatment. Alcohol was found as a significant risk factor for urgent hospitalization, more severe disease manifestation and outcome. Alcohol problem were often observed in toxicology patients, patients with head injury, burns, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and diabetes.

Conclusions:

A program for qualified treatment intervention in somatic patients with alcohol problems is needed.
664 – Mental Health of General Physicians in Emergency Wards
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z. , Sarmast H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

General physicians (GPs) have essential role in patient care and are exposed to high levels of job stress. GPs mental health affect on their functional ability and their medical management.

Aims:

This study was carried out to evaluate the mental health of GPs in emergency wards in kashan university of medical sciences (IRAN).

Method:

In this cross-sectional study, all of GPs in emergency wards include 90 subjects were studied. Survey instruments were two questionnaires:1-demographic variables and 2- General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).Data were analyzed by using spss soft ware and chi square, fisher- exact,mann-whitney statistical tests.

Results:

The mean age of GPs was 36.11±5.67. 89.7% of them were married and 60.3%were male. In the study 41% GPs had mental health problem. The mean score of GHQ was 22.56±9.24.There was significant relation between mental health and age, employment situation and number of child. (p< 0.05).older physicians had better mental health than younger physicians.There was significant relation between employment situation with anxiety and somatic symptom. (p=0.017). (p=0.03)There wasn’t a significant relation between mental health and sex and marital status. (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

The results indicated that significant rate of GPs of emergency wards had mental disorder. Then further attention should be given to the mental health of general physicians in emergency wards by mental health providers for decreasing medical mismanage and mortality.
669 – Social & Financial Burden of Schizophrenic Patients in Iraq
Authors: Al-Kureishi M.A.
Published: July 2013

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Study achieved for one year during 2011 on 83 patients visiting Hospital and private clinic regularly with their families in order to evaluate the social and financial burden experienced by their families, all patients diagnosed as chronic schizophrenic with positive and negative symptoms, living with and closely followed -up by their families.

Semistructured questionnaire prepared to the families to find the types and degree of social and financial burden, correlation between severity of symptoms and burden of care, effect of social stigmatization on their families.

Results:

88% of the families complained of high rate of different types of social burden mostly families of patients with negative symptoms, 50% complained of financial burden, 90% of the families felt stigmatized.

Reference:

Raj L., Kulhara P, Avasthi A, Social burden of positive and negative schizophrenia, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 1991 Winter,37(4),242-50.

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694 – Equine-Facilitated Group Psychotherapy with Chronic Psychiatric Inpatients: Two Controlled Studies
Authors: Nurenberg J.R. , Schleifer S. , Carson S. , Tsang J. , Montalvo C. , Chou K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Animal assisted therapy (AAT) is becoming increasingly utilized for psychiatric patients with suboptimal response to traditional therapies. Larger animals, such as horses, may be especially effective therapy enhancers for some patients.

Objectives:

We have introduced AAT at a 500 bed psychiatric hospital in New Jersey. We previously conducted a randomized control trial (n=103) of ten weekly AAT group therapy sessions, comparing canine assisted therapy, equine facilitated therapy (EFT), enhanced psychosocial therapy, and standard treatment in highly regressed and/or violent patients. Initial analyses indicated that the EFT group had fewer violence-related incidents during the 3 months following the intervention compared with the other groups (p< 0.05).

Methods:

We have initiated a second randomized controlled study comparing EFT with standard hospital treatment in a similar sample.

Aims:

Based on observations that patients with trauma/abuse histories may find AAT beneficial, this partial replication study is assessing whether trauma history and perceptions relate to symptomatic and functional outcome with EFT.

Results:

Preliminary post-session interviews over several weeks for a subgroup of four patients with reported trauma histories (rates comparable to persons with PTSD on the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire) elicited explicit trauma-related themes (e.g., recollection of past abuse) as well as putative indirect references such as identifying with the horses as understanding their pain and representing “hope.”

Conclusions:

The presentation reviews the evolution and refinement of the intervention at our hospital, challenges to implementation, therapeutic course, preliminary outcome assessments, quantitative and qualitative, comparing EFT with standard treatment in the studies.
731 – Antipsychotic Prescribing Pattern in Arab Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Amr M. , Amin T. , Al-Rhaddad D. , Al-Mogy A. , Trifirò G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and aim of the study:

Little is known about the qualitative and quantitative differences in the use of antipsychotics in Arab countries. This study is aimed to examine and compare the prescribing pattern of antipsychotics in two different Arab settings and specifically determine the factors influencing polypharmacy.

Materials and methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan (National Center for Mental Health Hospital, Amman) and Egypt (Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura) and included 162 inpatients [g1] with schizophrenia. Patients were surveyed using a standardized protocol.[g2]

Results:

There were no significant differences between Egyptians and Jordanians with respect to; demographic, anthropometric, polypharmacy or mean maximum dose of antipsychotics. Jordanians had significantly lower number of hospitalizations and relapses than Egyptian patients. Atypical than typical first antipsychotics were prescribed more to Jordanians compared to Egyptian patients. Irrespective of the patients’ nationalities, the mean hospitalizations, and relapse were predictors of polypharmacy.

Conclusions:

Antipsychotic prescribing pattern differs between the Egyptians and Jordanian patients with schizophrenia[g3]. The risks with polytherbay calls for improving the prescribing patterns of antipsychotic drugs in Arab region to establish guidelines on the proper indications and uses for antipsychotic drugs.
735 – Adherence to the Baltic Sea Diet is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Elevated Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Ruusunen A. , Lehto S.M. , Tolmunen T. , Voutilainen S. , Tuomainen T.-P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Recently, Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was developed based on the Baltic Sea Dietary Pyramid. The association between Baltic Sea Diet Score and prevalence of depressive symptoms has not been studied earlier, though diet including fish and whole grain products may be preventive for depression.

Objectives and aims:

We assessed whether adherence to Baltic Sea Diet is associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Methods:

The population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study included 2682 Finnish men aged 42-60 years. Diet was assessed by a 4-d food record and depressive symptoms with the 18-item Human Population Laboratory Depression Scale. Those who scored five or more were considered to have elevated depressive symptoms. The BSDS was calculated according to the quartiles of consumption of each score component. For healthy considered foods (fruits and berries, vegetables, wholegrain products, ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and fish) the quartiles were coded 0-3 points (lowest quartile was coded as 0, etc.). For meat and total fat scores were opposite. Alcohol was coded 1 point (< 20 g), otherwise 0 point.

Results:

Altogether 228 (8.5%) men had depressive symptoms. In a multivariable model, after adjustments for age, energy intake, smoking, marital status, socio-economic status, maximal oxygen uptake and body mass index, men in the highest v. lowest BSDS quartile were 40% more likely to be non-depressed (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39, 0.93, p=0.02).

Conclusions:

Adherence to Baltic Sea diet may be associated with lowered level of depression.
736 – Love and Dislove - The Central Challenge in Psychotherapy
Authors: Ishizuka Y.
Published: July 2013

Six out of ten top stressful live events (Homes and Rahe) involve loving closeness - either lost or gained. Some 80% of marriages that started with much love and happiness end in unhappiness, mutual hostility (Dislove), stalemate, separation, and divorce. This striking fact can only be explained by understanding that closeness (driven by Love) provokes defense (Dislove) as closeness exceeds one's ‘threshold of tolerance. Lifetrack therapy offers visual tracking of Love and Dislove allowing accurate daily tracking of dynaic mental state and subtle changes in personality, based on couples’ daily subjective self-rating on 41 parameters.

Lifetrack daily trackiong clearly shows that escalating closeness (driven by Love) provokes waves of defense (Dislove) causing setbacks. However, through therapy guided by the couples’ daily self-rating graphs, defense (Dislove) can be weakened by exhaustion, with Love (closeness) becoming liberated from accompanying Dislove (defense), achieving ‘Breakthrough Intimacy’- closeness far greater than the couples' previous maximum experiences.

Of 224 patients with borderline personality disorder, among the most defensive with strongest Dislove thus most challenging, 70% reached or exceeded their previous maximum levels of adjustment overall, with patients treated with partners doing 10 times better than those treated without partners. 50% of BPD patients went through complete or near complete personality transformation without medications.

Lifetrack therapy experience confirms that psychiatric symptoms of distress has much to do with ‘Love and Dislove’ and that when Love wins over Dislove through therapy, the patients undergo personality transformation with dramatically improved threshold of tolerance of challenges in life overall.