bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical bulk synthesis of Fe3O4 and α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles and its ZnCoαFe2O3 composite thin films for corrosion protection
Authors: Chandrappa K. G. , Venkatesha T. V.
Published: May 2014

Nanocrystalline Fe3O4 and α‐Fe2O3 particles were successfully synthesized by hybrid electrochemical‐thermal method. The as‐prepared compound was calcined for an hour at different temperature. The crystallite size, morphology, and chemical state of the synthesized powders were characterized by powder XRD, TG‐DTA, XPS, SEM/EDAX, TEM, FT‐IR, and UV–Vis spectral techniques. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray data of the calcined compound exhibits rhombohedral (hematite) structure with space group of R3c (No. 167). The thermal behavior of as‐prepared compound was examined. Scanning electron photomicrographs show uniform, randomly oriented hexagonal and spherical like morphology and EDAX measurement showed its chemical composition. The TEM result revealed that the particle morphology was hexagonal with spherical in nature and sizes were in the order of 40–60 nm in diameter and 120–200 nm in length. The absorption and blue shift were noticed in UV–Vis absorption spectra and the band gaps were found to be 4.22–4.29 eV. The electrochemically generated Fe3O4 and α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were used to fabricate ZnCoαFe2O3 composite thin films and its corrosion behavior was analyzed by anodic polarization, Tafel extrapolation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that the ZnCoαFe2O3 composite thin films have potential applications to corrosion protection.
Application of automated corrosion sensors for monitoring the rate of corrosion during accelerated corrosion tests
Authors: Prosek T. , Le Bozec N. , Thierry D.
Published: May 2014

An automated corrosion monitoring system using the electrical resistance technique was applied for assessment of the corrosivity towards carbon steel and zinc in different phases of a complex accelerated corrosion test recently introduced by VDA, an association of German car makers. It comprises salt spray, wet, dry, and freezing phases. The developed small and battery‐driven atmospheric corrosion loggers provided high sensitivity allowing for sub‐angstrom (<10−10 m) measurements of corrosion depth and good accuracy. The actual corrosion rate was affected by the exposure history due to a limited rate of wetting/drying and oxygen and ion transport to the reaction interface under a layer of corrosion products. The hysteresis was particularly strong for carbon steel. Except the freezing phase, the steel corrosion rate varied in a narrow range from 0.2 to 0.6 µm/h. For zinc, the corrosion rate varied from 0.001 to 0.1 µm/h in particular phases of the cycle with the maximum in the salt spray phase. Seventy‐five percent of the metal corroded in the salt spray phase and in the following drying period representing only 13% of the total test time. The obtained data suggest that the proposed test cycle allowed for rather efficient drying of the zinc surface, which is believed to be crucial for the formation of corrosion products with certain protective ability observed also in field conditions.
The concept formerly known as information (the panel)
Authors: Hartel Jenna , Pollock Karen , Noone Rebecca
Published: May 2014

This session introduces a new approach to the concept of information, utilizing an arts‐informed, visual approach. 137 graduate students from a North American iSchool were asked “What is information?” and responded by drawing upon a 4” by 4” piece of paper, coined an “iSquare.” The drawings of information (Figure 1) were analyzed using compositional and thematic analysis techniques adapted from precedent visual studies. The results include the identification of the most common graphical representations used to express information, as well as three themes pertaining to the social, technological, and “informational” dimensions of information. This panel employs the iSquare study and its outcomes as a springboard to engage – afresh – the concept of information today. After the original research is reported, invited experts from information science, museum studies, and social epistemology will offer commentary. “The Concept Formerly Known as Information” is a riff on the antics of American singer‐songwriter Prince, who in 1993 changed his name to an unpronounceable glyph and was called (for a short time) “The Artist Formerly Known as Prince.” This panel seeks a similar jolt to the status‐quo when the concept of information is transformed from word to image.
User experience (UX) labs: Fostering innovative academic research (panel proposal)
Authors: Richardson Ben , Tang Rong
Published: May 2014

User Experience laboratories (UX labs henceforth) affiliated with Library and Information Science schools support a wide range of academic research by faculty members and graduate students. Though their names vary (e.g., information experience lab, usability lab, Human Computer Interaction lab), these labs serve on the front lines to investigate the impact of shifting information behaviors by implementing innovative methods for conducting usability studies and analysis. This panel, represented by UX lab faculty/staff members affiliated with three different institutions, will focus on describing a variety of research projects conducted in their labs, discussing the benefits and challenges of conducting research, and introducing multiple usability research methods such as heuristic evaluation, portable usability lab for site research, and mobile usability testing methods and tools.

CONFERENCE TRACK

Track 1: Human Information Interaction
Crossing the boundaries in information science: Perspectives on interdisciplinarity
Authors: Aparac‐Jelus̆ić Tatjana , Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia , Huvila Isto , Ma Lai , Jimenez Virginia Ortiz‐Repiso , Warner Julian
Published: May 2014

Information science has often been recognized as an interdisciplinary field. The marriage between librarianship/documentation and computer science was a natural development in the United States in the post‐War period (Farkas‐Conn, 1991; Hahn & Barlow, 2012), while the development of information science in Europe has largely stayed close to the humanities and the social sciences, in particular, in relation to communication and media (Ibekwe‐SanJuan, et al., 2010). For many years, the interdisciplinary nature of information science has been applauded; until recently, we are warned that interdisciplinarinity may be harmful to the identity of the field. Buckland (2012) states that the claim of being “interdisciplinary” is to choose a position of weakness because “in times of economic crisis political power tends to reside in well‐established disciplines.” Cronin (2012) comments that “the field's sense of identity, arguably fragile at the best of times, is likely to be further weakened” for its “epistemic promiscuity.”

This international panel aims to discuss the theoretical boundaries of information science in relation to disciplinarity and to the identity of information science with a special reference to the premises, promises and implications of diverging historical and contemporary traditions in different European countries and in the US. Is information science gaining strength by being more interdisciplinary or is “the basic problem for LIS seems at the moment to be a lack of sufficiently strong centripetal forces keeping the field together” as Hjørland (forthcoming) fears. Does IS risk disintegration or dilution if it is being pulled more by centrifugal forces towards neighbouring disciplines rather than by centripetal forces? Is the main problem of IS “epistemological promiscuity”? This panel will discuss how IS in their different geographical or cultural zones has grappled with these issues which are in essence issues of boundaries. In particular, we will discuss the following questions:

How information science is affiliated with other disciplines (e.g. natural sciences, social sciences, or interdisciplinary fields) in different regions, countries and institutions represented by the panelists?

How is interdisciplinarity perceived in the panelists' institution/country?

What are the main theories, if any, that inform research in information science and the formation of research areas in different regions, countries and institutions?

Why and how the identity and disciplinarity of information science matter in the context of the work of information science researchers and practitioners?
Teens and social media: Where are we now, where next?
Authors: Magee Rachel M. , Agosto Denise E. , Forte Andrea , Ahn June , Dickard Michael , Reynolds Rebecca
Published: May 2014

This panel will discuss the current state of research and present new work examining teens and social media. Panelists will share work that approaches this area in new ways, including an examination of question asking practices on social media, message sharing practices on Facebook, and teen social media and information uses during game design work. The panel will conclude with an interactive discussion designed to identify future research collaborations, directions, and priorities at the intersection of teens and social media. ASIS&T SIG USE has agreed to sponsor this panel.
In the name of terror?: Information and policy in the decade post 9/11
Authors: Caidi Nadia , Unsworth Kristene , Leuprecht Christian , Doty Philip
Published: May 2014

It seems that every passing week reveals new developments in the ways in which information policies are being implemented throughout society. Tragedies like the Boston Marathon bombings of March 2013, along with the VIA Rail train plots in the Toronto‐Montreal corridor remind and compel us to examine the decade that has passed since the events of 9/11 and the subsequent legislative and policy impacts on information. The aim is to provide information professionals and scholars with an open forum to critically reflect on post‐9/11 legislation, policies, and practices and how they impact access to information and informational activities more generally, including the production, management, and diffusion of public information. With an eye toward the future, we examine the extent to which the discourses and practices of the past decade have contributed to shaping and reshaping our information environment, how the information field has responded in the ten years since this defining event, and why and how information professionals ought to remain engaged in these matters in the future.
Tagging personal information: A contrast between attitudes and behavior
Authors: Bergman Ofer , Gradovitch Noa , Bar‐Ilan Judit , Beyth‐Marom Ruth
Published: May 2014

In a previous work we tested users' preferences with systems that allow to store and retrieve information either using tags or folders. In the current study we asked participants sampled from the same population about their attitudes towards tags by using a questionnaire (N = 168). We then compared the results regarding attitudes gathered in this study with the ones testing actual behavior gathered in our previous one. Overall, results showed positive attitudes towards tagging and multiple classification. These finding are in sharp contrast with our previous behavioral study which showed clear preference for folders and single classification: Our participants tended to agree with statements such as “most people use folders only due to habits”, “if users were taught to use tags they would prefer them over folders”, and “In 20 years children born today will use mostly”; however in our previous study in which we taught our participants to use tags there was a clear behavioral preference for folders over tags. Most participants in the present study thought that giving several classifications to personal information is a good idea, while our previous results showed that even when tags were used, multiple classification was exceptional. Furthermore, our current participants tended to agree that “the use of tags is more efficient than folder use” while in our previous study retrieval was faster without tags. We conclude this paper with suggestions regarding future research.
Semi‐supervised probabilistic sentiment analysis: Merging labeled sentences with unlabeled reviews to identify sentiment
Authors: Yates Andrew , Goharian Nazli , Yee Wai Gen
Published: May 2014

Document level sentiment analysis, the task of determining whether the sentiment expressed in a document is positive or negative, is commonly performed by supervised methods. As with all supervised tasks, obtaining training data for these methods can be expensive and time‐consuming. Some semi‐supervised approaches have been proposed that rely on sentiment lexicons. We propose a novel supervised and a novel semi‐supervised sentiment analysis method that are both based on a probabilistic graphical model, without requiring any lexicon. Our semi‐supervised method takes advantage of the numerical ratings that are often included in online reviews (e.g., 4 out of 5 stars). While these numerical ratings are related to sentiment, they are noisy and hence, by themselves, they are an imperfect indicator of reviews' sentiments. We incorporate unlabeled user reviews as training data by treating the reviews' numerical ratings as sentiment labels while modeling the ratings' noisy nature. Our empirical results, utilizing a corpus of labeled sentences from hotel reviews and unlabeled hotel reviews with numerical ratings, show that treating reviews' ratings as noisy and utilizing them to augment a small amount of labeled sentences outperforms strong existing supervised and semi‐supervised classification‐based and lexicon‐based approaches.
Learning to be a better q'er in social Q&A sites: Social norms and information artifacts
Authors: Ahn June , Butler Brian S. , Weng Cindy , Webster Sarah
Published: May 2014

Social question and answer sites (SQAs) are increasingly popular knowledge sharing platforms. In this paper, we outline how an SQA site functions as a social learning community. The success of an SQA site depends not only on effectively organizing and delivering information, but also on whether it can provide the cues needed by community members to successfully learn to be productive contributors. We explore this learning process in four different SQAs that utilize the Stack Exchange platform: Science Fiction & Fantasy, Seasoned Advice (cooking), Database Administrators, and Android Enthusiasts. Using longitudinal fixed effects models, we examine whether users learn to be better question askers over time, and how user interface features and community norms affect the cultivation of this critical skill. The study offers design implications by highlighting factors that help users develop into literate and productive community contributors in social platforms.
Back to our roots for retrieving very short passages
Authors: Naji Nada , Savoy Jacques
Published: May 2014

This article tackles the task of retrieving very short documents via even shorter queries. The problem on hand may relate to the retrieval of tweets, image and table captions, short text messages (SMS) and sponsored retrieval among others. In such cases, document and/or query expansion using thesauri and other external resources (e.g., Wikipedia) usually available on the World Wide Web (WWW) are proven to be effective approaches. However, the focus of this paper is on documents that are written in lesser known languages for which the WWW is of limited use. Our experiments are based on two main corpora extracted from historical manuscripts written in Latin and Middle High German. We found that retrieving very short documents whose lengths are quite similar via short queries given that no external enrichment resources are available, the classicaltf‐idfmodel performs as satisfactorily as the more complex models do, if not better sometimes.
The application of weighted co‐occurring keywords time gram in academic research temporal sequence discovery
Authors: Li Shuqing , Sun Ying
Published: May 2014

The discovery and visualization of temporal sequence of personalized academic research can enhance the ability for discovering the latent trend of interests to information seekers. In this paper, we propose a definition of weighted co‐occurring keywords time gram and use it as a basic unit to analyze the temporal information in existed keywords collection. We further propose a method to get the temporal sequence and temporal network based on these time grams. An application of the proposed method in discovering academic research temporal sequence is discussed, which includes techniques for acquiring extended keywords, assigning weight to each keyword and co‐occurring weight to each keyword pair. A visualization tool is designed for browsing the temporal networks identified. Finally, we report an experiment in the area of library and information studies. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in helping users analyzing and portraying the evolution pattern and developing trend of corresponding academic research.
Adolescents' perception of illegal music downloads from the internet: An empirical investigation of Israeli high school students' moral atittude and behviour
Authors: Bouhnik Dan , Deshen Mor
Published: May 2014

This study examined the various aspects of adolescents downloading music from the Internet. As of the present time (2013), no comprehensive study has been done among Israeli adolescents with regard to music downloading from the Internet. The present study examined the correlation between adolescents' moral attitude towards music downloading and the extent of their actual engagement in the activity. We found that more than 80% of the participants are involved in illegal music downloading, while gender, age, religiosity, Internet experience and average daily Internet use influence the frequency of downloading. We found that those who adhere to religious practices tend to illegally download less often than others. Long hours of internet surfing and rich internet experience raise the tendency to illegally download music. Age and gender were found to have only a minimal affect, if any, on the phenomenon. This behavior is explained in various manners, including the perception of the act (by the adolescents) as one that is accepted by society. Furthermore, the chance of getting caught and suffering any consequences is minimal, thus the deterrent hardly exists.
Measuring the value of library content collections
Authors: Coughlin Daniel M. , Campbell Mark C. , Jansen Bernard J.
Published: May 2014

This research uses the methodology of web analytics to examine the usage of subscription databases at a major academic library. Our research goal is the development of key performance indicators from which academic libraries can evaluate the business value of their content collections. There are 1,447 databases to which this academic library provides access, and these databases received nearly 2.5 million customer visits in 2012 via the library's meta‐search application, which is used for searching these databases. As such, these visits represent a substantial subset of the total traffic to the university's academic databases. The first level analysis shows that the top 20 most used databases represent over half the traffic to these academic databases. The second level analysis compared these heavily used databases (20) categorizing them by provider, and quantifying them with the remaining databases (428) from these providers. These results show the inequality of traffic generated by the top databases relative to the remaining databases from these providers in the context of search. The implications of this inequality illustrate the extreme usefulness of select databases and the possibility of the dispensability of less popular databases. The third level of analysis is a temporal evaluation of demand of databases over the course of two semesters (spring and fall 2012). This evaluation displayed the lack of increased demand throughout a semester beyond the top 300 databases. We used this analysis as the beginnings of the formulation of a set of web analytic metrics tailored for academic libraries.
Young people's engagement in content creation an analysis of outliers
Authors: Waugh Amanda , Taylor Natalie Greene , Subramaniam Mega , Ahn June , Drain Allison , Fleischmann Kenneth R.
Published: May 2014

As online communities become more important in young people's lives, it is important to consider who the active users are in these digital environments. Previous research has looked at the way leaders emerge in adult communities, but scholarship on young people's participation patterns has been less robust. This paper looks at the phenomenon of “super‐users” or the leaders and vocal participants, in a specific online community populated by eleven and twelve year olds (tweens) and run out of an after‐school program at two urban middle‐school libraries. We ask why these particular young people participate more than their peers and identify these users' characteristics. We also look at the relationships between these characteristics and the young people's use of the site. Answers to these questions help us understand why some tweens' participate more than others and could help facilitate how to better engage all users.
ASIS&T 2013: From competitive intelligence as astate of mindto information transculture
Authors: Mallowan Monica , Marcon Christian
Published: May 2014

The current study proceeds from a transdisciplinary, ecological and systemic angle as it undertakes to interrogate the information skills of users who are uninitiated and untrained to a competitive intelligence model (and specifically, to the French model, which proposes a more generic and all‐encompassing approach than other models). In addition to outlining a framework for assessing theseinformactors'performance within the context of the informational act, this paper proposes new definitions for the terms “strategic information” and “information intelligence”, as a ways to further investigate the pioneering concept of “information transculture” – a concept which stems from the confluence of various generic approaches to information literacy and which is set forth here for the first time.
Disaster planning for digital repositories
Authors: Frank Rebecca D. , Yakel Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

This study examines how digital repositories with a preservation mandate are engaging in disaster planning, particularly in relation to their pursuit of trusted digital repository status. For those that are engaging in disaster planning, the study examines the creation of formal disaster response and recovery plans. Findings indicate that the process of going through an audit for certification as a trusted repository provides the incentive needed for the creation of formalized disaster planning documentation, and that repositories struggle with making their documentation available. This study also finds several significant obstacles with regard to the creation of formal disaster planning documentation, including the efforts required to get buy‐in from different functional areas within the organization, difficulty collaborating with the IT department, and the amount of time required for completion of the documentation.
Understanding factors influencing the effect of scientific collaboration on productivity in a developing country: Kenya
Authors: Muriithi Petronilla , Horner David , Pemberton Lyn
Published: May 2014

Increased productivity has been cited as one of the benefits of scientific collaboration. While some studies have identified a positive relationship between collaboration and publication productivity, others have found a negative or no clear relationship between the two. A number of factors determine the relationship established, ranging from the context under which research is carried out that shapes the scientists' collaboration and productivity behaviors and practices, to the methods and measures used. Few studies have examined the factors underlying the said relationship, more so in studies of developing areas. In this article we present the empirical findings of a study seeking to establish the relationship between collaboration and productivity of academic scientists in Kenya, including factors determining the established relationship. The study uses mixed methods research design employing self reported measures of collaboration and productivity. The study establishes a significant, though weak relationship between collaboration and publication productivity for academic scientists in Kenyan Universities. We find that factors affecting level of collaboration, including disciplinary area, academic qualification, and the national and institutional context within which research is done have an effect on productivity of academic scientists. The results presented serve to enhance our understanding of factors determining scientist's productivity, and methods best suited to investigate collaboration and productivity in developing areas.
Knowledge management using social media: A comparative study between blogs and Facebook
Authors: Chan Randolph Chun Ho , Chu Samuel Kai Wah , Lee Celina Wing Yi , Chan Bob Kim To , Leung Chun Kit
Published: May 2014

Blogging and Facebook have gained increasing recognition as tools to support online information sharing and management. This study examined if, and in which aspects, blogs and Facebook scaffold and/or consolidate student users' knowledge capture, sharing and application during their internship. A mixed‐methods design was employed to investigate users' practices and perceptions of blogs and Facebook in online information management. The study found that users generally hold positive perception on using blogs and Facebook for online knowledge management. In particular, Facebook appears to be a more facilitating platform for users to reflect upon prior knowledge, capture new experiences and provide feedback that is constructive to cultivating knowledge sharing environment. It was found that Facebook support the expression of social support among users, thereby reinforcing their motivation in participating in knowledge management processes.
Data mining for “big archives” analysis: A case study
Authors: Esteva Maria , Tang Jeffrey Felix , Xu Weijia , Padmanabhan Karthik Anantha
Published: May 2014

We present a case of archival analysis using a combination of data mining methods. The team of researchers, composed by archivists and computer scientists, used a collection of declassified Department of State Cables as a case study. The methods implemented included Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Association Rule Mining. Combined in an analysis workflow, the results of the different methods allowed the team to identify the different security classes, understand how they changed over time and generate descriptions for the cables in each class. The interpretation of results also allowed understanding contextual aspects of the collection. Until now, the use of data mining for archival analysis and processing has not been thoroughly explored by the archival community. This study constitutes a seminal roadmap to understand how to apply, interpret and integrate data mining with the archivists experience and judgment in collaboration with computer scientists. It proposes an inductive approach to archives analysis and the possibility of verifying processing decisions.
Searcher actions and strategies in asynchronous collaborative search
Authors: Capra Robert , Chen Annie T. , McArthur Evonne , Davis Natalie
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we present results of a laboratory study in which participants completed an asynchronous collaborative search task while thinking aloud. Based on analysis of the think‐aloud data and screen recordings, we present a set of collaborative search actions and rationales that our participants employed. For each, we describe the purpose and motivations, and give illustrative examples. We also present three high‐level strategies (independent, parallel, and divergent) that emerged from analysis of participants' verbalizations and discuss how participants used these strategies as part of their overall search process. Our results show that collaborators' prior work influenced search strategies and behaviors, and that participants leveraged collaborators' work at various stages of the interaction including query formulation and results examination. We discuss how the observed behaviors complement existing models of interactive information seeking and suggest ways to extend current models.
Professional e‐government seeking behavior
Authors: Svarre Tanja , Lykke Marianne
Published: May 2014

The present paper is concerned with professional e‐government seeking behavior. With the digitalization of governments, expectations have been raised with regard to changes in the composition of employee work tasks. The purpose of our study is to determine whether these changes affect seeking behavior and if so how they change it. We focus on the status of current seeking behavior in a Danish government administration. The results showed that information needs are commonly verificative and consciously topical and that information seeking most often takes the form of mere “look‐ups.” Employees experience many search problems, such as the lack of specificity, differences in the interpretation of the topics of documents, and unwieldy and irrelevant search results. These problems can be solved by a combination of improved indexing practices and search features.
Killer serials: Did electronic journals really destroy the university press?
Authors: Jones Elisabeth A. , Courant Paul N.
Published: May 2014

Given the rapidly changing economics of scholarly communication in the digital age, the importance of accurate, specific data on the resource flows within this realm has become increasingly important. Both the producers and the collectors of scholarly information require accurate information in order to nimbly navigate their changing roles in advancing the progress of knowledge. Two key actors in this area are university presses and academic libraries, which both hold keystone roles in scholarly communications, as disseminators and conservators of scholarship, respectively. This paper describes an exploratory study examining one contentious aspect of the relationship between these two actors: trends in purchases of university press books by academic libraries. It does so in order to provide an empirical basis for evaluating frequent claims by publishers that declines in libraries' monographic purchasing over the past three decades can be held primarily responsible for the declining economic fortunes of university presses over the same period. The results of this analysis indicate that this relationship is not clear‐cut, for at least two reasons: first, to the extent that purchasing reductions have occurred, they have occurred much more recently than prior accounts have suggested, and second, purchasing trends vary significantly between different libraries and between different sizes of university press.
Automated citation sentiment analysis: What can we learn from biomedical researchers
Authors: Yu Bei
Published: May 2014

Automated citation sentiment analysis is a newly emerged research topic inspired by traditional citation context analysis in scientometrics and applied linguistics. The main goals of current citation sentiment analysis are to develop new tools to model scientific literature and provide authoring support for researchers in tasks like literature review. In terms of developing authoring support tools, however, current studies have not taken into consideration the behavioral patterns of researchers' literature review practice, leaving user need assessment as a missing piece in current interdisciplinary research effort. This paper analyzed biomedical researchers' need by reviewing their publications on using manual citation sentiment analysis for detecting citation bias, and discussed the differences between biomedical researchers' approach and current automated citation sentiment analysis model. These differences are expected to inform the modeling of automated citation sentiment analysis.
Finding information in books: Characteristics of full‐text searches in a collection of 10 million books
Authors: Willis Craig , Efron Miles
Published: May 2014

Searching large collections of digitized books is a relatively new area in information‐seeking and retrieval research, made possible by initiatives such as Google Books and the HathiTrust Digital Library. The availability of large full‐text book collections is transforming how users search and interact with information in books, but the characteristics of these changes are unknown. This paper aims to provide insight into the characteristics of full‐text searches in a large collection of digitized books and is the first step in a broader research agenda intended to improve book retrieval. To better understand the types of queries that users are issuing to full‐text‐book collections, we analyzed a full year of anonymized query logs from the HathiTrust Digital Library full‐text search engine. We also manually classified a random sample of 600 queries to develop a taxonomy of book search query types. We found that users are beginning to search for information in books instead of searching for books. Searches still largely follow bibliographic models, but, as expected, new types of searches are beginning to take advantage of full‐text capabilities. Additionally, comparing the results of our query log analysis to searches in other domains, we found similar search patterns including short queries, sessions with only a few queries, and users viewing only a few pages of results per query. We discuss how these findings can be used to characterize users of large full‐text book collections.
Comparing google's readability of search results to the flesch readability formulae: A preliminary analysis on children's search queries
Authors: Bilal Dania
Published: May 2014

Results retrieved by Google on fifteen search queries formulated by middle school children were examined for readability based on Google Reading Level filter (Basic, Intermediate, Advanced). Three hundred retrieved results (links, snippets, and corresponding Web page texts) were analyzed for readability. Google's assigned reading levels were aggregated at the query level and across the queries and averaged using percentages. The readability scores and grade levels calculated for these results using the Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level were averaged at the query level and across the queries and compared to Google's reading levels. On most queries, a mismatch between Google's assigned reading levels and the Flesch scores/grade levels was found. The Flesch formulae predicted that a high number of results Google retrieved on the queries were Fairly Difficult, Difficult, or Very Confusing to children in middle grades. A fair number of results Google retrieved did not have assigned reading levels. Implications are made for Google's reading algorithm, as well as for teachers, parents, and school librarians in guiding children's use of Google.
NLP tools as editorial aids
Authors: Sanentz Shahé Navasart
Published: May 2014

This poster introduces the novel idea of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools on unpublished articles, thereby alerting writers and editors to the potential problems that these articles may pose to NLP tools, postpublication, and offering them the option to nip such problems in the bud. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, the poster takes on the NLP tool Wikify! and uses it in the aforementioned manner, introduces an automated feature that might be deployed alongside it using WordNet and analyzes the results thus generated.
“10 Points for the best answer!” – Baiting for explicating knowledge contributions within online Q&A
Authors: Choi Erik , Kitzie Vanessa , Shah Chirag
Published: May 2014

Online question answering (Q&A) provides a popular platform for people to interact with information online, both by asking and answering questions. Although previous studies have focused on factors that motivate answerers, these studies have not considered that questions offering potential rewards to answerers might provide extrinsic motivation to answer it. In the current study, we collected 25,878 resolved (i.e. one of the answers received a “Best Answer” rating from the asker) questions from Yahoo! Answers. Half contained an explicit offer to reward points, (i.e. “10 points for the best answer!”) in the question subject and/or content (n=12,939) and half did not (n=12,939). Findings indicate that although questions without explicit offers received more answers on average, questions with explicit offers to reward points received a “Best Answer” rating by the asker approximately five times faster than the ones without an expression. This suggests that an explicit offer to reward ten points within a question affects the resultant on the quality of the answers provided within online Q&A.
‘Misinformation? What of it?’ Motivations and individual differences in misinformation sharing on social media
Authors: Chen Xinran , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna
Published: May 2014

Misinformation is common on social media. This causes misunderstanding and compromises the credibility of the medium. What motivates individuals to share inaccurate information? Are there individual differences? This study surveyed 171 university students on 16 motivations. Potential differences in motivations by gender and the Big Five personality traits were tested with multiple regression. The study found that the respondents considered truthfulness to be quite important, but over two‐thirds of them had still shared misinformation. The top motivations of misinformation sharing were: to obtain others' opinions on that information, to express own opinions, and to interact with others. Gender showed no significant differences, but personality did. Extroverts, for example, were more prone to share misinformation for socializing purpose. The findings suggest that it is beneficial to include affective and motivational factors in information behavior research. Information literacy training may also draw from the attitude change literature to deliver training that combines knowledge on information evaluation and sharing with affective messages that target individuals' motivations such as their interest in self‐expression.
Information world mapping: A participatory, visual, elicitation activity for information practice interviews
Authors: Greyson Devon
Published: May 2014

In an increasingly visually‐oriented world, researchers within and beyond LIS can benefit from exploring, developing and applying creative methods for data collection and research participant engagement. Participatory, arts‐involved methods can complement more traditional elicitation techniques, generating rich data that allows researchers to explore participant experiences with socially‐ and culturally‐constructed information practices. This poster presents a novel drawing‐based elicitation technique, Information World Mapping (IWM), which was developed to augment traditional qualitative interview methods. IWM combines elements of three established arts‐involved methods: information horizons (Sonnenwald, Wildemuth, & Harmon, 2001), relational mapping (Radford & Neke, 2000), and Photovoice (Wang & Burris, 1997). Aiming to enable creative communication about the information world of the research participant as it relates to a social process of interest (e.g., making a health decision or completing a work‐related task), IWM guides participants in generating drawings or maps of their personal information worlds, including key interpersonal and institutional relationships. These drawings are then used to facilitate elicitation of participants' own stories about, and interpretations of, their information practices. A case example of IWM in practice is provided, based on a study of teenage parents' health‐related information practices.
From bad to good: An investigation of question quality and transformation
Authors: Kitzie Vanessa , Choi Erik , Shah Chirag
Published: May 2014

Social question answering (SQA) services are a popular way for people to exchange information. Unfortunately, the quality of information exchanged can be variable and few studies focus on the quality of questions asked. To address this, we explored the influence of textual features on question quality based on 126 questions taken from five different categories of Yahoo! Answers labeled as “Bad” by human assessors and then revised to be “Good” by them. Findings indicate significant differences between the means of each feature before and after revision, suggesting the potential for an automated system that could flag questions of poor quality. In addition, by exploring the relationship between features contributing to good quality questions, we suggest a simple set of strategies askers can take when writing a question in order to improve its chances of receiving a satisfactory answer.
Adding a dimension to Anscombe's quartet: Open source, 3‐D data visualization
Authors: Schneider Edward , Dineen Corey
Published: May 2014

At the same time that Information Scientists have been asked to visually analyze larger and larger datasets, the options for three‐dimensional expression of those datasets has grown tremendously. This demonstration will share a new customization of open source software that links data and 3‐D modeled space. Once the data is expressed in 3‐D to the analyst's liking, methods will be detailed to take a 3D representation of data to stereoscopic images, to interactive virtual space, and to a 3‐D printed object.

The theoretical underpinning of this presentation is based on a hypothetical expansion of Anscombe's Quartet from a two dimensional construct to a three dimensional one. Anscombe's Quartet was developed in 1973 by the statistician Francis Anscombe to demonstrate how datasets can be extremely statistically similar, but visually map in totally different ways. The development and research goal of this work is to develop an accessible 3‐D data tool that allows for a high level of control by the user, and facilitate future studies on the effectiveness and best use practices associated with 3‐D visualization.
A case study of surrogate memory cues, self‐narrative, and recall
Authors: Howarth Lynne C.
Published: May 2014

This poster session paper reports on research exploring (1) how individuals with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) use memory cues in the form of representations (tokens) to recall memories of life stories, and (2) ways in which representations (tokens) influence the nature and content of the individual's recall narrative. Further, it examines whether memory recall differs in response to personal, participant‐chosen memory cues, as compared to those selected by someone other than the participant. Reliance on personal artifacts used during two of three unstructured interview sessions resulted in recollections that seemed more scripted in delivery and circumscribed in detail. In contrast, and in response to researcher‐selected tokens used exclusively during session 3, full recollections and additional stories were seen to be more fully formed and detailed. While this subset of a larger study deals only with one individual, findings suggest that generic associations may be at least equal to, if not more effective than, unique, individuated artifacts to engendering creative self‐expression and vivid personal recall for those experiencing the initial memory loss of AD. This finding may open opportunities to cultural heritage institutions (libraries, archives, museums, galleries) to assemble information “memory boxes” that reinforce recall of life stories by clients with early‐stage AD.
Identifying the ‘go‐to spots’: Using map surveys to elicit perceptions of space and place in an academic library
Authors: Khoo Michael , Rozaklis Lily , Hall Catherine , Kusunoki Diana
Published: May 2014

This paper presents results from a face‐to‐face survey that elicited users' perceptions of space and place in an academic library. The survey required respondents to annotate maps of an academic library, and to answer open‐ended survey questions. The survey identified two overlapping sets of places and student practices in the library. These places and practices reflect two contrasting paradigms of library space provision: a current book‐centered paradigm, and an emerging technologically‐supported learning‐centered paradigm.
Understanding metadata functional requirements in genome curation work
Authors: Huang Hong , Qin Jian
Published: May 2014

The proliferation of genomic data and their widespread data reuse pose new challenges to effectively manage and curate genomic data. This study contributes towards better understanding of 156 genomics scientists' perception and priorities for metadata functional requirements in genome curation work. Our study was guided by previously identified twenty two metadata functional requirements (Willis, Greenberg, & White, 2012), and intended to define a context‐sensitive model of groupings for metadata goals in genome curation. Analysis of the results revealed that genomics scientists recognize specific sets of metadata functional requirements in the genome‐curation context. These metadata goals were reduced to six factor constructs. The rankings of these constructs in decreasing order are Portability, Reusability, Manipulability, Sufficiency, Interoperability, and Modularity. The findings indicated that genomics scientists need both domain independent and dependent metadata functional requirements that are primarily related to data comparison, integration, and reuse across platforms and databases. The constructs defined by this study advance the understanding of metadata requirements and their relationships. In addition, the resulting metadata requirement model can serve as a valuable resource to genome scientists, data curators and administrators for designing metadata schemes and developing data‐curation policies.
Why do users feel search task difficult?
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Kim Chang Suk , Creel Caitlin
Published: May 2014

This paper reports on an examination of why information searchers find search tasks difficult and the specific reasons they feel difficult. Data was collected through a controlled laboratory experiment with 32 participants, each working with 4 search tasks. They were asked in questionnaires, both before and after the tasks, for task difficulty ratings and their reasoning for giving those ratings. We developed a coding scheme based on the difficulty reasons users gave, which covered various aspects of task, user, and user‐task interaction. This helps us understand search task difficulty, as well as provides a scheme for task difficulty control in experiment task design.
Text mining as a method of analyzing health questions in social Q&A
Authors: Oh Sanghee , Park Min Sook
Published: May 2014

This poster introduces a work‐in progress project focusing on text mining of health‐related questions that people post in social Q&A which they obtain and share information, advice, and experiences. 69,363 of health questions about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) posted from 2009 to 2012 were randomly collected from Yahoo! Answers and used for text mining and analysis in this study. A preliminary finding of the data analysis is described in this poster. The use of text mining as a method of analyzing STD questions is discussed, as well.
How images are conversed on twitter?
Authors: Yoon JungWon , Chung EunKyung
Published: May 2014

In a way of understanding how people communicate with others through images on Twitter, 174 Boston Bombing related tweet messages with images were analyzed to identify the characteristics of tweet message, senders, and influential tweet messages. According to the coding schemes on tweet messages, image uses, and senders, several features were demonstrated. People tweet primarily to express their opinions, share information, and report news. Images in those tweets were used differently depending on the categories of tweet messages. Major types of tweet senders were media and individuals, different categories of tweeter messages were found depending on types of tweeter senders. In addition, whether tweets are influential (highly retweeted) or not shows different patterns in terms of tweet message categories and senders.