bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically activated spinel manganese oxide for rechargeable aqueous aluminum battery
Authors: Wu Chuan , Gu Sichen , Zhang Qinghua , Bai Ying , Li Matthew , Yuan Yifei , Wang Huali , Liu Xinyu , Yuan Yanxia , Zhu Na , Wu Feng , Li Hong , Gu Lin , Lu Jun
Published: January 2019

Aluminum is a naturally abundant, trivalent charge carrier with high theoretical specific capacity and volumetric energy density, rendering aluminum-ion batteries a technology of choice for future large-scale energy storage. However, the frequent collapse of the host structure of the cathode materials and sluggish kinetics of aluminum ion diffusion have thus far hampered the realization of practical battery devices. Here, we synthesize AlxMnO2·nH2O by an in-situ electrochemical transformation reaction to be used as a cathode material for an aluminum-ion battery with a configuration of Al/Al(OTF)3-H2O/AlxMnO2·nH2O. This cell is not only based on aqueous electrolyte chemistry but also delivers a high specific capacity of 467 mAh g−1 and a record high energy density of 481 Wh kg−1. The high safety of aqueous electrolyte, facile cell assembly and the low cost of materials suggest that this aqueous aluminum-ion battery holds promise for large-scale energy applications.
Fecal pollution can explain antibiotic resistance gene abundances in anthropogenically impacted environments
Authors: Karkman Antti , Pärnänen Katariina , Larsson D. G. Joakim
Published: January 2019

Discharge of treated sewage leads to release of antibiotic resistant bacteria, resistance genes and antibiotic residues to the environment. However, it is unclear whether increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in sewage and sewage-impacted environments is due to on-site selection pressure by residual antibiotics, or is simply a result of fecal contamination with resistant bacteria. Here we analyze relative resistance gene abundance and accompanying extent of fecal pollution in publicly available metagenomic data, using crAssphage sequences as a marker of human fecal contamination (crAssphage is a bacteriophage that is exceptionally abundant in, and specific to, human feces). We find that the presence of resistance genes can largely be explained by fecal pollution, with no clear signs of selection in the environment, with the exception of environments polluted by very high levels of antibiotics from manufacturing, where selection is evident. Our results demonstrate the necessity to take into account fecal pollution levels to avoid making erroneous assumptions regarding environmental selection of antibiotic resistance.
Microphysiological Models of the Respiratory System
Authors: Huh Dongeun
Published: January 2019

The lung is an essential organ that shows remarkable complexity in its structure, environment, and function. Mimicking this dynamic and complex organ in experimental model systems remains a major challenge in biomedical research. Here we review recent research efforts directed towards leveraging microfluidic cell culture techniques to develop microengineered in vitro models of the respiratory system. This chapter will begin by introducing early studies demonstrating the feasibility of modeling the dynamic environment and complex physiological function of the human lung in microengineered cell culture devices. We will then provide recent examples of advanced lung-on-a-chip systems designed to recapitulate various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the respiratory system. Finally, opportunities and challenges for lung-on-a-chip technology will be discussed.
Detection of sulfadimethoxine using optical images of liquid crystals
Authors: Du JiaYin , Jiang QiFeng , Lu XiaoChen , Chen LongCong , Zhang Yan , Xiong XingLiang
Published: January 2019

An aptamer based liquid crystal biosensor was firstly developed for sulfadimethoxine detection achieving a lower detection limit of 10 μg L−1.
Learning-based automatic sensing and size classification of microparticles using smartphone holographic microscopy
Authors: Go Taesik , Yoon Gun Young , Lee Sang Joon
Published: January 2019

A microparticle classifier is established by synergetic integration of smartphone-based digital in-line holographic microscopy and supervised machine learning.
Microfluidic MeDIP-seq for low-input methylomic analysis of mammary tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Zhu Yan , Cao Zhenning , Lu Chang
Published: January 2019

An ultralow-input microfluidic MeDIP-seq technology was applied to study genome-wide DNA methylation during mouse tumor development.
Ultrasensitive multi-species detection of CRISPR-Cas9 by a portable centrifugal microfluidic platform
Authors: Phaneuf Christopher R. , Seamon Kyle J. , Eckles Tyler P. , Sinha Anchal , Schoeniger Joseph S. , Harmon Brooke , Meagher Robert J. , Abhyankar Vinay V. , Koh Chung-Yan
Published: January 2019

Combined activity- and immunoassays for CRISPR/Cas9 on a portable microfluidic device with integrated sample preparation from clinical sample matrices.
Enantioenrichment of racemic BINOL by way of excited state proton transfer
Authors: Ayad Suliman , Posey Victoria , Das Anjan , Montgomery Jason M. , Hanson Kenneth
Published: January 2019

BINOL substituted with a chiral auxiliary group is enantioenriched up to 63% ee via an excited state proton transfer mechanism.
Iridium and a Brønsted acid cooperatively catalyzed chemodivergent and stereoselective reactions of vinyl benzoxazinones with azlactones
Authors: Sun Meng , Wan Xiao , Zhou Si-Jia , Mei Guang-Jian , Shi Feng
Published: January 2019

Under cooperative catalysis of iridium and a Brønsted acid, different C4-substituted azlactones react with vinyl benzoxazinones via a formal [4+2] cycloaddition or substitution reaction in a chemo- and stereoselective mode.
A squaraine-linked metalloporphyrin two-dimensional polymer photocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Ranjeesh Kayaramkodath Chandran , George Leena , Wakchaure Vivek Chandrakant , Goudappagouda Goudappagouda , Devi R. Nandini , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh
Published: January 2019

A squaraine–metalloporphyrin 2D-polymer based bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic water splitting.
Rhodamine-naphthalimide demonstrated a distinct aggregation-induced emission mechanism: elimination of dark-states via dimer interactions (EDDI)
Authors: Qi Qingkai , Huang Lu , Yang Runqing , Li Jin , Qiao Qinglong , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Zhaochao
Published: January 2019

Rhodamine B-naphthalimide (RhB-Naph) demonstrated a distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanism, different from the restriction of intramolecular rotations or vibrations as in traditional AIE molecules.
Hydroxyl free radical route to the stable siliceous Ti-UTL with extra-large pores for oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Shi Dier , Xu Le , Chen Pohua , Ma Tianqiong , Lin Cong , Wang Xiaoge , Xu Diming , Sun Junliang
Published: January 2019

A facile method to prepare the stable, highly siliceous Ti-UTL zeolite with extra-large pores via hydroxyl free radical (˙OH) assisted isomorphous substitution of Si for Ge under mild conditions.
Directing an oligopeptide amphiphile into an aligned nanofiber matrix for elucidating molecular structures
Authors: Qin Si-Yong , Ding Wen-Qiang , Jiang Zhi-Wei , Lei Xinxiang , Zhang Ai-Qing
Published: January 2019

An aligned nanofiber matrix is obtained from the self-assembly of an oligopeptide amphiphile, which can capture the residual dipolar couplings of biomolecules.
Engineering borate modified NiFe layer double hydroxide nanoarrays as “hydroxyl ions hungry” electrocatalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution
Authors: Sun Zemin , Wang Yutong , Lin Liu , Yuan Mengwei , Jiang Heyun , Long Run , Ge Shengsong , Nan Caiyun , Li Huifeng , Sun Genban , Yang Xiaojing
Published: January 2019

A simple and facile “hydroxyl ions hungry” electrode structure was prepared by a two-step hydrothermal reaction to obtain BA-NiFe-LDHs/CP. It exhibited excellent OER catalytic activity.
Memory-effect-induced electrochemical oscillation of an Al-doped Li4Ti5O12 composite in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Liao , Qu Yanyu , Huang Jiangtao , Feng Xiang , Li De , Chen Yong
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical oscillation can be induced by regulating the memory effect of an Al-doped Li4Ti5O12 composite in Li-ion batteries.
Reversible intramolecular hydrogen transfer: a completely new mechanism for low impact sensitivity of energetic materials
Authors: Xiong Ying , Ma Yu , He Xudong , Xue Xianggui , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: January 2019

The intramolecular H transfer of energetic NO2-compounds has been recognized as a possible primary step in triggering molecular decomposition for a long time.
Distinctive phase separation dynamics of polymer blends: roles of Janus nanoparticles
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Liquan , Lin Jiaping , Zhang Liangshun
Published: January 2019

The present work demonstrates that Janus nanoparticles uniquely promote the phase separation of polymer blends at the early stage of spinodal decomposition, but impede it at the late stage.
Temperature coefficients of Li-ion battery single electrode potentials and related entropy changes – revisited
Authors: Swiderska-Mocek A. , Rudnicka E. , Lewandowski A.
Published: January 2019

Here, single electrode potential temperature coefficients were estimated using negligible thermal diffusion potential assumption.
Production of HO2 and OH radicals from near-UV irradiated airborne TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Moon D. R. , Ingham T. , Whalley L. K. , Seakins P. W. , Baeza-Romero M. T. , Heard D. E.
Published: January 2019

Production of HO2 radicals is observed directly following the near-UV irradiation of airborne TiO2 nanoparticles.
Theoretical studies on photo-induced cycloaddition and (6-4) reactions of the thymidine:4-thiothymidine dimer in a DNA duplex
Authors: Xie Bin-Bin , Cui Cheng-Xing
Published: January 2019

Photo-induced cycloaddition and (6-4) reactions of the thymidine:4-thiothymidine dimer in a DNA duplex.
Hydrogen storage mechanism and diffusion in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Koizumi Kenichi , Nobusada Katsuyuki , Boero Mauro
Published: January 2019

Diffusion and storage of hydrogen molecules in metal organic frameworks are crucial for the development of next-generation energy storage devices.
Performance of enhanced DuBois type water reduction catalysts (WRC) in artificial photosynthesis – effects of various proton relays during catalysis
Authors: Viertl Wolfgang , Pann Johann , Pehn Richard , Roithmeyer Helena , Bendig Marvin , Rodríguez-Villalón Alba , Bereiter Raphael , Heiderscheid Max , Müller Thomas , Zhao Xia , Hofer Thomas S. , Thompson Mark E. , Shi Shuyang , Brueggeller Peter
Published: January 2019

A pincer type ligand provides an additional coordination site or a proton relay depending on the metal oxidation state.
Characterising polar compounds using supercritical fluid chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SFC–NMR)
Authors: van Zelst F. H. M. , van Meerten S. G. J. , Kentgens A. P. M.
Published: January 2019

In this work, a novel SFC–NMR setup was successfully adapted to separate and characterize polar compounds in complex matrices.
Efficient hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols and dimeric ethers with synergistic [Bmim]PF6-Ru/SBA-15 catalysis under acid free conditions
Authors: Yang Shaoqi , Lu Xingmei , Yao Haoyu , Xin Jiayu , Xu Junli , Kang Ying , Yang Yongqing , Cai Guangming , Zhang Suojiang
Published: January 2019

Selective catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin-derived phenols and dimeric ethers into alkanes is crucial for utilization of lignin and its fragments.
Waste-to-useful: a biowaste-derived heterogeneous catalyst for a green and sustainable Henry reaction
Authors: Rajkumari Kalyani , Das Diparjun , Pathak Gunindra , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: January 2019

Owing to the depletion of resources coupled with increasing waste generation, the conversion of waste biomass to value-added materials has gained interest.
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids as stabilizers for electrode modification with water-soluble porphyrin
Authors: García Macarena , Honores Jessica , Celis Freddy , Fuenzalida Francesca , Arce Roxana , Aguirre María J. , Aracena Andrés
Published: January 2019

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids were used as stabilizing agents for a cationic porphyrin in order to obtain novel modified electrodes.
Urea-assisted cooperative assembly of phosphorus dendrimer–zinc oxide hybrid nanostructures
Authors: El Hankari Samir , Katir Nadia , Collière Vincent , Coppel Yannick , Bousmina Mosto , Majoral Jean Pierre , El Kadib Abdelkrim
Published: January 2019

The interplay of phosphorus dendrimer–urea during sol–gel mineralization of soluble zinc precursors provides porous lamellar nanostructures.
Technology-driven layer-by-layer assembly of a membrane for selective separation of monovalent anions and antifouling
Authors: Zhao Yan , Gao Congjie , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: January 2019

Durable multilayers with the selective separation of monovalent anions and antifouling properties of an anion exchange membrane were constructed via an alternating current layer-by-layer assembly.
Electrochemical impacts complement light scattering techniques for in situ nanoparticle sizing
Authors: Xie Ruochen , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Young Neil P. , Compton Richard G.
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical sizing of nanoparticles via particle impacts sizes smaller particles than optical methods.
Synthesis of biurets via TMSNCO addition to 1-aminosugars: application in the de novo synthesis of dC oxidation products
Authors: Tsoulougian Veronika , Psykarakis Emmanuel E. , Gimisis Thanasis
Published: January 2019

We report an efficient one-step transformation of amines to biurets that has been applied to a number of 1-aminosugars and has led to the de novo synthesis of dfBU and dpBU, two known oxidatively produced lesions of 2′-deoxycytidine.
A simple and versatile route to amphiphilic polymethacrylates: catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) coupled with post-polymerisation modifications
Authors: Atkins Christophe J. , Patias Georgios , Town James S. , Wemyss Alan M. , Eissa Ahmed M. , Shegiwal Ataulla , Haddleton David M.
Published: January 2019

Amphiphilic polymers have become key figures in the fields of pharmacology, medicine, agriculture and cosmetics.
A water-stable luminescent metal–organic framework for effective detection of aflatoxin B1 in walnut and almond beverages
Authors: Li Zhishang , Xu Xiahong , Fu Yingchun , Guo Yuna , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qiaoyan , Yang Hua , Li Yanbin
Published: January 2019

Sensitive and rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) without using antibody or biomolecular modifications in water is achieved using a novel water-stable luminescent metal–organic framework (LMOF) termed Zr-CAU-24.
Photo-enhanced gas sensing of SnS2 with nanoscale defects
Authors: Yan Wen-Jie , Chen Deng-Yun , Fuh Huei-Ru , Li Ying-Lan , Zhang Duan , Liu Huajun , Wu Gang , Zhang Lei , Ren Xiangkui , Cho Jiung , Choi Miri , Chun Byong Sun , Coileáin Cormac Ó. , Xu Hong-Jun , Wang Zhi , Jiang Zhaotan , Chang Ching-Ray , Wu Han-Chun
Published: January 2019

A photon assisted SnS2-based gas sensor with an ultra-high sensitivity of 3 ppb NO2 has been achieved at room temperature.
Rational design of efficient transition metal core–shell electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Zhao Zhenghang , D'Souza Jason , Chen Fuyi , Xia Zhenhai
Published: January 2019

Ag core–shell nanoparticle is a promising candidate as an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for ORR and OER in fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Shell strain is the intrinsic descriptor to rationalize the electrochemical activity.
Tuning the surface plasmon resonance in gold nanocrystals with single layer carbon nitride
Authors: Stroyuk O. , Raevskaya A. , Grodzyuk G. , Andriushina N. , Skoryk M. , Yefanov V. , Schulze S. , Zahn D. R. T.
Published: January 2019

Interaction of forming Au nanocrystals with single-layer carbon nitride nanosheets allows the surface plasmon resonance peak position of gold/carbon nitride composites to be tuned in a range of 520–610 nm.
Spatially resolved mapping of phase transitions in liquid-crystalline materials by X-ray birefringence imaging
Authors: Zhou Yating , Patterson Rhian , Palmer Benjamin A. , Edwards-Gau Gregory R. , Kariuki Benson M. , Kumar N. S. Saleesh , Bruce Duncan W. , Dolbnya Igor P. , Collins Stephen P. , Malandain Andrew , Harris Kenneth D. M.
Published: January 2019

X-ray Birefringence Imaging is shown to be a sensitive method for spatially resolved mapping of molecular orientations in liquid-crystalline materials.
A bifunctional triblock polynorbornene/carbon nanotube buckypaper bioelectrode for low-potential/high-current thionine-mediated glucose oxidation by FAD-GDH
Authors: Fritea Luminita , Gross Andrew J. , Gorgy Karine , O'Reilly Rachel K. , Le Goff Alan , Cosnier Serge
Published: January 2019

We describe the fabrication of free-standing buckypaper bioelectrodes (BP) by co-immobilization of a FAD-dependent dehydrogenase and a thionine redox partner using either a pyreneNHS linker or a bifunctional triblock polynorbornene copolymer with pendant pyrene and NHS groups.
Synthesis of Sr–morin complex and its in vitro response: decrease in osteoclast differentiation while sustaining osteoblast mineralization ability
Authors: Cruz Marcos A. E. , Tovani Camila B. , Favarin Bruno Z. , Soares Mariana P. R. , Fukada Sandra Y. , Ciancaglini Pietro , Ramos Ana P.
Published: January 2019

We synthesized an easy-to-prepare Sr–morin complex that can sustain osteoblast mineralization and inhibit osteoclast differentiation at a low dose.
2D boron dichalcogenides from the substitution of Mo with ionic B2 pair in MoX2 (X = S, Se and Te): high stability, large excitonic effect and high charge carrier mobility
Authors: Tang Cheng , Ma Fengxian , Zhang Chunmei , Jiao Yalong , Matta Sri Kasi , Ostrikov Ken , Du Aijun
Published: January 2019

B2 pairs-substituted MoX2 monolayers provide options for future 2D electronic devices.
Sorting nexin 27 rescues neuroligin 2 from lysosomal degradation to control inhibitory synapse number
Authors: Binda Caroline S. , Nakamura Yasuko , Henley Jeremy M. , Wilkinson Kevin A.
Published: January 2019

Retromer is an evolutionarily conserved endosomal trafficking complex that mediates the retrieval of cargo proteins from a degradative pathway for sorting back to the cell surface. To promote cargo recycling, the core retromer trimer of VPS (vacuolar protein sorting)26, VPS29 and VPS35 recognises cargo either directly, or through an adaptor protein, the most well characterised of which is the PDZ [postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), disk large, zona occludens] domain-containing sorting nexin SNX27. Neuroligins (NLGs) are postsynaptic trans-synaptic scaffold proteins that function in the clustering of postsynaptic proteins to maintain synaptic stability. Here, we show that each of the NLGs (NLG1–3) bind to SNX27 in a direct PDZ ligand-dependent manner. Depletion of SNX27 from neurons leads to a decrease in levels of each NLG protein and, for NLG2, this occurs as a result of enhanced lysosomal degradation. Notably, while depletion of the core retromer component VPS35 leads to a decrease in NLG1 and NLG3 levels, NLG2 is unaffected, suggesting that, for this cargo, SNX27 acts independently of retromer. Consistent with loss of SNX27 leading to enhanced lysosomal degradation of NLG2, knockdown of SNX27 results in fewer NLG2 clusters in cultured neurons, and loss of SNX27 or VPS35 reduces the size and number of gephyrin clusters. Together, these data indicate that NLGs are SNX27–retromer cargoes and suggest that SNX27–retromer controls inhibitory synapse number, at least in part through trafficking of NLG2.
Silencing of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β stabilizes prostate apoptosis response-4 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Chaudhry Sonica , Joshi Vibhor , Bojjireddy Naveen , Thoh Maikho , Sandur Santosh K. , Subrahmanyam Gosukonda
Published: January 2019

Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β (PtdIns 4-kinase II β) is an enigma among the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase family. The role of PtdIns 4-kinase II β in MCF-7 cells was addressed with the help of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased pan-caspase activity and induced apoptosis in cancerous MCF-7 cells. Non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were resistant to PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. Caspase 8 and 9 inhibitors rescued MCF-7 cells from apoptosis. Shotgun proteomic studies with Flag-tagged PtdIns 4-kinase II β immunoprecipitates showed tumor suppressor prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) as one of the interacting proteins in HEK293 cells. In reciprocal experiments, Par-4 antibodies co-precipitated PtdIns 4-kinase II β from MCF-7 cells. Deletion of membrane localization motif (ΔCCPCC) or a mutation in ATP-binding region (D304A) of PtdIns 4-kinase II β did not affect its interaction with Par-4. Pull-down assays with GST-PtdIns 4-kinase II β-truncated mutants showed that the region between 101 and 215 amino acid residues is essential for interaction with Par-4. At molecular level, PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA transfection increased Par-4 stability, its nuclear localization and inhibition of NF-κB binding to target DNA. Knocking down of Par-4 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) rescued MCF-7 cells from PtdIns 4-kinase II β shRNA-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that PtdIns 4-kinase II β may be a novel regulator of Par-4 through protein–protein interactions. These studies have potential implications in cancer therapy.
Internal model control for the AMB high‐speed flywheel rotor system based on modal separation and inverse system method
Authors: Chen Liangliang , Zhu Changsheng , Zhong Zhixian , Sun Min , Zhao Wenlong
Published: January 2019

To eliminate the influence of gyroscopic effect on system stability and to improve the control performances for the active magnetic bearing (AMB) high‐speed flywheel rotor system, a novel control strategy based on the modal separation and inverse system method is proposed. The translational motions and rotational motions of the AMB flywheel rotor system are firstly decoupled by the modal separation, then the rotational motions are decoupled by the inverse system method, so that the AMB flywheel rotor system, which is a multivariable and strong coupled system, is decoupled into four subsystems. Finally, the subsystems are regulated by four two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) internal model controllers, respectively. Furthermore, the stability, tracking and robustness of the novel control strategy are analysed theoretically, and its effectiveness on vibration control of the AMB high‐speed flywheel rotor system is further investigated by simulations and experiments. The results show that the novel control strategy can achieve stable suspension and effectively suppress the vibration of the AMB high‐speed flywheel rotor system from static state to 24,000 rpm, with the advantages of high stability, strong robustness, and good performances of tracking and disturbance rejection simultaneously.
Optimal design of a compact passive magnetic bearing based on dynamic modelling
Authors: Safaeian Reza , Heydari Hossein
Published: January 2019

Passive magnetic bearings offer significant advantages relative to common active magnetic bearings, such as simple, robust, and efficient structure. Permanent magnet (PM) passive magnetic bearings are composed of opposing magnet rings on rotor and stator. Although their stiffness has been improved using alternating or Halbach magnetisations in many previous studies, they still suffer from lack of damping force. In this study, the optimal design is focused on a combination of PM bearing and eddy current damper by adding a conductive layer along the magnets of the stator or rotor. This will moderate the magnetic material consumptions; thereby, the cost and overall size of the bearing are reduced. A complete analytical method is performed to calculate the stiffness and axial, radial, and rotating damping coefficients. The accuracy of the analytical model is estimated quantitatively using 3D finite element method simulations. Moreover, all of the parameters are normalised and optimised for maximum stiffness and damping.
Laboratory spectroscopic study of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide, H2NCN, and a search for them toward IRAS 16293−2422 B
Authors: Coutens Audrey , Zakharenko Olena , Lewen Frank , Jørgensen Jes K. , Schlemmer Stephan , Müller Holger S. P.
Published: January 2019

Context. Cyanamide is one of the few interstellar molecules containing two chemically different N atoms. It was detected recently toward the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293−2422 B together with H2N13CN and HDNCN in the course of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS). The detection of the 15N isotopomers or the determination of upper limits to their column densities was hampered by the lack of accurate laboratory data at the frequencies of the survey.

Aims. We wanted to determine spectroscopic parameters of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide that are accurate enough for predictions well into the submillimeter region and to search for them in the PILS data.

Methods. We investigated the laboratory rotational spectra of H215NCN and H2NC15N in the selected region between 192 and 507 GHz employing a cyanamide sample in natural isotopic composition. Additionally, we recorded transitions of H2N13CN.

Results. We obtained new or improved spectroscopic parameters for the three isotopic species. Neither of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide were detected unambiguously in the PILS data. Two relatively clean lines can be tentatively assigned to H215NCN. If confirmed, their column densities would imply a low 14N/15N ratio for cyanamide toward this source.

Conclusions. The resulting line lists should be accurate enough for observations up to about 1 THz. More sensitive observations, potentially at different frequencies, may eventually lead to the astronomical detection of these isotopic species.
Goal programming approach for solving multi-objective fractional transportation problem with fuzzy parameters
Authors: Anukokila Paraman , Radhakrishnan Bheeman , Anju Antony
Published: January 2019

In this paper, authors studied a goal programming approach for solving multi-objective fractional transportation problem by representing the parameters (γ, δ) in terms of interval valued fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy goal programming problem with multiple objectives is difficult for the decision makers to determine the goal valued of each objective precisely. The proposed model presents a special type of non-linear (hyperbolic) membership functions to solve multi-objective fractional transportation problem with fuzzy parameters. To illustrate the proposed method numerical examples are solved.
The effect of photo-documentation of the ampulla on neoplasm detection rate during esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Park Jae , Lim Chul-Hyun , Cho Yu , Lee Bo-In , Cho Young-Seok , Song Ho , Choi Myung-Gyu
Published: January 2019

Background A few studies have investigated quality indicators of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for identifying upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy. The current study aimed to evaluate whether the rate of ampulla photo-documentation could be associated with the detection of upper GI neoplasms.

Methods We used data from 111 962 asymptomatic patients who underwent EGD performed by 14 endoscopists at a health promotion center. The rate of ampulla photo-documentation was calculated by reviewing EGD photos archived during each endoscopist’s first year of working at the center. The detection of neoplasms during a 7-year period was investigated. We examined the association between the rate of ampulla photo-documentation and the rate of neoplasm detection.

Results The mean rate of ampulla photo-documentation was 49.0 % (range 13.7 % – 78.1 %) during endoscopists’ first year of working at the center. Endoscopists’ rates of ampulla photo-documentation significantly correlated with the detection of total neoplasms (R2 = 0.57, P = 0.03) and small neoplasms (R2 = 0.58, P = 0.03). There was a significant difference in the detection rates of upper GI neoplasms between high (n = 7) and low (n = 7) ampulla observers (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.03 – 1.68; P = 0.03). The ampulla photo-documentation rate of each endoscopist significantly correlated with the examination time for a normal EGD (R2 = 0.55; P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, high ampulla photo-documentation rate was a predictor of neoplasm detection (OR 1.33, 95 %CI 1.03 – 1.70).

Conclusions The ampulla photo-documentation rate was significantly associated with the detection rate for both total and small upper GI neoplasms. Ampulla photo-documentation should be considered as a quality indicator of EGD.
Erfassung der Zufriedenheit mit dem Einsatz im Praktischen Jahr (Ma-FEZ-PJ) zur Qualitätssicherung der Lehre im Praktischen Jahr – Psychometrie eines Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogens
Authors: Schüttpelz-Brauns Katrin , Narciß Elisabeth , Giesler Marianne , Obertacke Udo
Published: January 2019

Einleitung Ein Baustein zur Nachwuchsgewinnung in der Chirurgie ist die Optimierung des Praktischen Jahres (PJ). Ansatzpunkte hierfür kann man über eine standardisierte Evaluation der Ausbildungsabschnitte im PJ gewinnen. In dieser Studie soll der Evaluationsbogen „Mannheimer Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Zufriedenheit mit dem Einsatz im Praktischen Jahr (Ma-FEZ-PJ)“ einer Test- und Itemanalyse unterzogen werden. Zudem sollen erste Analysen zur Konstruktvalidität der beiden Skalen „PJ-Ausbildung“ und „Persönliche Einstellung“ durchgeführt werden. An einem konkreten Beispiel wird anschließend gezeigt, inwiefern der Ma-FEZ-PJ zur Optimierung des Praktischen Jahres eingesetzt werden kann.

Methoden 555 Medizinstudierende aus 8 PJ-Jahrgängen beurteilten ihre Einsätze im PJ mit dem Ma-FEZ-PJ. Es wurde die Reliabilität der beiden Skalen, sowie Itemkennwerte berechnet. Zur Überprüfung der Konstruktvalidität wurde folgendermaßen vorgegangen: Mit einem Item zur Erfassung der globalen Zufriedenheit sollte die konvergente Validität der Skala „PJ-Ausbildung“, welche die Ausbildungsbedingungen und die Zufriedenheit mit dem PJ erfasst, sowie die divergente Validität der Skala „Persönliche Einstellung“ überprüft werden. Der Vergleich von Gruppen, die die Pflichtfächer im PJ freiwillig oder nicht freiwillig absolvierten, sollte zeigen, ob die Skala „Persönliche Einstellung“ zwischen beiden differenzieren kann.

Ergebnisse Die Reliabilität der Skala „PJ-Ausbildung“ ist sehr gut, die der Skala „Persönliche Einstellung“ liegt im akzeptablen Bereich. Die Konstruktvalidität kann hinreichend bestätigt werden.

Diskussion Der Ma-FEZ-PJ kann als Instrument zur Evaluation der Ausbildungsbedingungen und der Zufriedenheit mit dem Einsatz im Praktischen Jahr verwendet werden. Durch Vergleiche mit anderen chirurgischen Abteilungen, orientierend auf Skalenebene und dann detailliert auf Einzelitemebene, lassen sich Defizite in der PJ-Ausbildung und Ansätze zur Optimierung identifizieren.
Phase quantized quasi-Sierpinski carpet reflector for OAM beam generation
Authors: Swain Rajanikanta , Mishra Rabindra Kishore
Published: January 2019

This work proposes a quasi-Sierpinski carpet type reflecting surface. The reflector incorporates remodeled Jerusalem type sub-wavelength elements. The element arrangement ensures a 3-bit phase quantized encoding for the reflected beam. Microstrip antenna feed illuminates this reflector. We start with EM simulation of a broadband unit-cell reflector. We assume that the final reflector based on such unit-cell shall show broadband characteristic. The simulated beam from the reflector, due to spatial arrangements of the unit-cells, showed the fundamental mode of orbital angular momentum vortex beams. Experimental verification of fabricated prototype shows good agreement with simulated far-field results at 9.5 GHz, 10 GHz, 10.5 GHz, and 11 GHz which indicate a broadband characteristic.
Transport phenomena in bispherical coordinates
Authors: Gilbert P. H. , Giacomin A. J.
Published: January 2019

The practice of transport phenomena has traditionally been confined to Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, and bipolar cylindrical. For just the equations of continuity and motion, Dijksman added toroidal coordinates. Our recent work expanded the geometries available for solving transport problems to include eccentric cylindrical. However, this short list of available coordinate systems cannot describe many geometries encountered in transport phenomena. Here, we address this restriction on available geometries for transport phenomena by adding bispherical coordinates to the growing list of coordinate systems for which the equations of change have been developed. Bispherical coordinates allow us to solve transport problems between eccentric spheres or horns, which spherical coordinates cannot handle. We thus develop the equations of change for this coordinate system and provide three worked examples showing how to get new exact solutions to momentum, heat, and mass transfer problems.
Anomalous electric transport across Verwey transition in nanocrystalline Fe3O4 thin films
Authors: Bohra Murtaza , Roy Chowdhury Dibakar , Bobo Jean-François , Singh Vidyadhar
Published: January 2019

Charge ordering (Fe+3/Fe+2) is a key concept in the Verwey transition of Fe3O4 because it frequently competes with functional properties (half-metallicity/ferromagnetism and structural transformation) and quantum confinement effect, especially at nanoscale dimensions. In this paper, we report the fabrication of nanocrystalline Fe3O4 thin films via two different reduction routes, namely, vacuum annealing and wet H2 annealing. While vacuum annealed films exhibit Verwey transition and resistivity values comparable to bulk Fe3O4, the same is not observed in electric transport properties of wet H2 annealed films. However, this transition was visible in the magnetic characteristics exhibited by both the films though realized via different routes. This observation indicates the possibility of charge and spin ordering as two independent phenomena, and it is a coincidence that happens at the same Verwey transition region. It is seen that a crossover from thermally activated hopping (300–120 K) to Mott variable range hopping (VRH) (across Verwey transition) and then to Shklovskii–Efros VRH hopping (70–30 K) via the conduction mechanism takes place in vacuum annealed films in contrast to the typical semiconducting behavior (300–50 K) expected of wet H2 annealed films. Different electric transport properties in both varieties of Fe3O4 films could be ascribed to the electronic disorder/defects affecting charge ordering Fe+3/Fe+2 and trimerons (Fe+3–Fe+2–Fe+3).
Viscous resistance in drop coalescence
Authors: Rahman Md Mahmudur , Lee Willis , Iyer Arvind , Williams Stuart J.
Published: January 2019

Hydrodynamics of drop coalescence has been studied theoretically and numerically by solving the Navier Stokes equation considering a single fluid after the minimum bridge formation. Many experiments have been performed to document bridge growth over time with the use of high speed videography and electrical methods. However, internal fluid motion during coalescence has not been extensively studied, in part due to the spherical shape of the drops. This work observed overall fluid motion (except at the site of early coalescence) using particle image velocimetry for two-dimensional (sandwiched drop) coalescence. Fluid motion inside the bulk drops is inertial, and governing fluid flow in the bridge region is one dimensional. At the merging interface, incoming liquids join and coflow in the perpendicular direction. These observations were extended to a three-dimensional counterpart, and a scaling law was developed that was validated through experimentation. While flow in the bulk drops is inertial, the dominant resistance comes through a viscous effect in the merging interface region and at the lesser extent in the bridge region. Early dynamics of drop coalescence is dominated by the Ohnesorge number (Oh), and later dynamics are dependent on how drops are bounded.
Fixed-bed reactor for catalytic studies on low-surface area materials
Authors: Ivarsson Dennis C. A. , Aviziotis Ioannis G. , Keilhauer Toni , Armbrüster Marc
Published: January 2019

Comparability of information gathered by different methods is vital to enhance knowledge in heterogeneous catalysis. A new type of flow-reactor has been developed which enables the comparison between the detailed information gained by surface science methods and industrial catalysis, thus contributing to bridge the pressure and material gaps. The design allows for catalytic investigations of compact, low-surface area materials at temperatures and pressures up to 500 °C and 10 bar, respectively. Catalytic measurements on pressed pills of Pd11Bi2Se2 in the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene and oriented single-crystalline slabs of InPd in methanol steam reforming are used as test cases for the reactor design. In the former, high-conversion of acetylene is demonstrated along with ensured inert sample transfer. In the latter, higher catalytic activity for the (110) surface is observed compared to the (100) and (111) surfaces. Most importantly, both test cases prove the viability of the reactor design, which opens new possibilities for studying different materials and systems.
Interlayer dipolar coupling in CoFeB-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Bhatt Ramesh Chandra , Ye Lin-Xiu , Chen Wei-Hsien , Lee C. M. , Wu J. C. , Wu Te-ho
Published: January 2019

Interlayer dipolar coupling is an important aspect in magnetic switching devices from the application point of view. Here, we identify various sources affecting the interlayer dipolar coupling in CoFeB-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs). By changing the MgO tunnel barrier layer thickness, we show that it plays a crucial role in controlling the dipolar coupling between the CoFeB reference and free layers and affects the magnetic properties of pMTJ. Moreover, changes in thickness of the bottom electrode layer affect the interlayer coupling strength and change the magnetic anisotropy of the free layer from perpendicular to in-plane direction. Furthermore, it is observed that the smaller the cell size of such MTJs, the more dominating the coupling strength which is formed by stray fields. These are some of the crucial parameters which need to be investigated during the device fabrication process for optimum device performance.
A single-chip integrated transceiver for high field NMR magnetometry
Authors: Grisi Marco , Conley Gaurasundar Marc , Sommer Pascal , Tinembart Jacques , Boero Giovanni
Published: January 2019

We present the design and performance of a broad-band single-chip integrated transceiver specifically conceived for nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometry. The single-chip transceiver is realized using a standard silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuit technology. A radio-frequency (RF) transmit amplifier, a transmit/receive switch, a low noise RF receive amplifier, a quadrature (IQ)-mixer, and two intermediate frequency amplifiers are integrated on a single silicon chip of 1.8 mm2. The advantages and problematic aspects with respect to conventional discrete electronic approaches are discussed. We show the results of magnetic field measurements performed at 1.4 and 7.05 T, using solid and liquid samples having volumes from 40 μl down to 100 pl. Particular attention is devoted to the comparison of the experimentally measured magnetic field standard deviation with respect to the Cramer-Rao lower bound value. With a sample of distilled water (T1 ≅ T2 ≅ 3 s, T2*≅ 20 ms) having a volume of 40 μl, a standard deviation of 2.5 nT at 7.05 T (i.e., 0.5 ppb) in 1 s of averaging time is achieved, with a projected Cramer-Rao lower bond of 8 pT (i.e., 1.1 ppt).
High-pressure neutron diffraction study of Pd3Fe
Authors: Ridley Christopher J. , Bull Craig L. , Funnell Nicholas P. , Capelli Silvia C. , Manuel Pascal , Khalyavin Dmitry D. , O’Neill Christopher D. , Kamenev Konstantin V.
Published: January 2019

High-pressure neutron diffraction data from powder and single-crystal samples of atomically disordered (Fm3¯m) and ordered (Pm3¯m) Pd3Fe were collected up to pressures of 15 GPa, and high-pressure SQUID magnetometry data were collected up to 6 GPa. The data show a subtle decrease in the magnetic moment with applied pressure, resulting in a transition to a paramagnetic state by approximately 8 GPa at 300 K. Diffraction results have been used to determine the equation of state, resulting in a bulk modulus of 176.78(9) GPa for the disordered powder and 187.96(7) GPa for the ordered single-crystal samples, approximately 20% more compressible than previously reported from X-ray measurements. High-temperature superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry was used to confirm the ambient pressure Curie temperature of the sample (545 K), which was further investigated using high-temperature single-crystal neutron diffraction at ambient pressure.
Vibrational properties of PbHf0.975Sn0.025O3 single crystal at high pressures
Authors: Jankowska-Sumara I. , Hong J.-T. , Lee B. W. , Ko J.-H. , Podgórna M. , Majchrowski A. , Piekara A.
Published: January 2019

Antiferroelectric PbHf0.975Sn0.025O3 single crystals were studied at room temperature by Raman scattering at pressures up to 16 GPa using a diamond anvil cell. Two phase transitions were found to take place at pressures near 3 and 9 GPa, respectively, as revealed by subtle changes in Raman spectral features. A soft mode was observed at the pressure-induced phase transition occurring at 9 GPa. At pressures above ∼14 GPa, the Raman peaks become very weak and the background scattering becomes very strong. The characteristic parameters of the Raman structures were determined throughout the whole phase transitions sequence.
Interfacial fluid transport is a key to hydrogel bioadhesion
Authors: Michel Raphaël , Poirier Léna , van Poelvoorde Quentin , Legagneux Josette , Manassero Mathieu , Corté Laurent
Published: January 2019

Significance

Bioadhesive hydrogels capable of sticking to living tissues are of utmost interest for better-integrated implants and less invasive surgical techniques. Nevertheless, adhesion is most difficult to achieve and control on the wet surface of internal tissues. This work demonstrates that fluid transport across the tissue−hydrogel interface governs the creation of adhesion. Through ex vivo experiments and a simple model, we capture how the onset of adhesion depends on a competition between draining and wetting of the interface. This coupling between adhesion and interfacial transport provides a potent key to improve the accuracy of adhesion tests and to enhance the bioadhesive performance of hydrogels. We illustrate this potential in vivo by using superabsorbent hydrogel membranes to make strong liver adhesives.
Philosophical orientations and theoretical frameworks in media effects
Authors: Chernov Gennadiy , McCombs Maxwell
Published: January 2019

This paper explores the philosophical orientations within which agenda setting operates, and agenda setting’s place within the broader framework of the media effects tradition, specifically in comparison with framing and priming. It also responds to earlier criticisms of agenda setting for its supposed lack of theoretical richness and narrowly understood underlying mechanisms.

Both ontological and epistemological statuses of the agenda-setting theory are analyzed in order to place agenda setting into the communication discipline’s broader context. This paper demonstrates that the most important distinction between framing and agenda setting is that they are based on different ways of knowing. While the epistemological bases of priming are similar to the theory of agenda setting, the paper argues that further progress will depend not only on practical studies of different aspects of agenda setting, but also on theoretical and philosophical conceptualizations in the future.
Biscriptuality
Authors: Usanova Irina
Published: January 2019

In the context of constantly increasing linguistic diversity in many parts of the world, opportunities and challenges arise for the acquisition of literacy skills. The successful development of literacy skills becomes a crucial prerequisite for educational attainment determining future career prospects of migrant students. Multilingual settings reveal the diversification of languages and scripts prompted in the context of migration. This monograph explores the phenomenon of biscriptuality and aims to provide an approach for investigating the development of biliteracy in the context of divergent scripts. This interdisciplinary mixed-methods study bridges intercultural education science, education research and applied linguistics for gaining a complex view on the role of biscriptuality in students’ biliteracy. It considers the extent of students’ biscriptual skills, specifies language dimensions in which the influence on biliteracy may occur, and differentiates between the effects of biscriptuality on the development of writing skills in two different genres, narrative and expository.
Noun Phrases in Article-less Languages
Authors: Türker Lola
Published: January 2019

This book is a theoretically oriented, comparative study of noun phrases and their semantic and morpho-syntactic properties. This is the first study that provides a comprehensive analysis of the nominal structure in Uzbek, and compares it with corresponding structures in other article and article-less languages. Uzbek nominals represent a fertile ground to test the universality of the DP hypothesis and to make an insightful contribution to an ongoing debate about the functional architecture of the nominal domain in languages with and without articles. The study shows that the ordering of various nominal suffixes in Uzbek reflects a rich functional structure, involving not only DP but also KP. The work also discusses elements such as determiners, demonstratives, quantifiers and adjectives, and positioning of these elements within the nominal domain. This study is especially useful for researchers interested in theoretical linguistics, comparative syntax and typology.
Globalizing politeness?
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina
Published: January 2019

Call centres have grown exponentially since the early 1990s, effectively replacing face-to-face with telephonic and other types of mediated service provision (Holman et al. 2007; Income Data Services 2005). Drawing on observations, interviews and documentary data from offshore and onshore call centres in four national contexts, Scotland, Denmark, Hong Kong and the Philippines, this study analyses the speech style prescribed to call centre agents and finds that while there are some local adaptations, it is remarkably similar across all four locations. This appears to be the case even though the language of the service interaction varies across the locations. On the basis of these findings, it is argued that the upsurge of call centres – and more generally globalization – has led to a homogenization of service as linguistically constructed. The study argues for engagement with industry stakeholders to consider in greater depth cultural sensitivities and the extent to which this globally prescribed call centre speech style accords with local politeness conventions.
Intensification in online consumer reviews
Authors: Ren Wei
Published: January 2019

This study adds to the growing literature on online consumer reviews by analyzing intensification in Chinese online consumer reviews from a dataset of 355 user-generated online comments on the Kindle Paperwhite E-reader on Amazon China. The study first analyzes the usage and frequency of different types of intensification in reviews. The distribution of intensification devices is then investigated according to review valence (negative vs. positive). Since Chinese writing is based on characters rather than alphabets, some particular uses of Chinese intensification are identified and discussed. The study demonstrates that the exploration of intensification in Chinese online consumer reviews can enrich and provide further insights for research on this genre.