bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síntomas respiratorios: En busca de patrones normales de síntomas en preescolares, escolares y adolescentes
Authors: Martínez-Alcántara Violeta
Published: June 2021

Aim: To study the pattern of respiratory symptoms in children in the general population. Method: We followed a cohort of children for up to 2 years through parents completing weekly online questionnaires in the Child-Is-Ill study («Kind-en-Ziekmeting» in Dutch); the study was running 2012–2015. Inclusion criteria were «an ordinary child» (according to the parents) and <18 years old at inclusion. We especially encouraged participation of post-infancy children. Age at inclusion, sex, smoking exposure, allergy in the family, and frequent infections in the family were noted. Pearson’s correlation, principal component analysis, latent class analysis, latent profile analysis, linear regression, and linear mixed effects regression were used in the statistical analyses. Results: Data were collected on 55,524 childweeks in 755 children (50% girls; median age, 7 years; interquartile range, 4–11 years, 97% ≥2 years at inclusion), with reported symptom(s) in 8,425 childweeks (15%), leading to school absenteeism in 25%, doctor’s visits in 12%, and parental sick leave in 8%; symptoms lasting ≥3 weeks were rare (2% of episodes). Linear mixed effects regression showed significant, but only limited, effects of season on the proportion of «symptom(s) reported» per individual child. Only runny nose showed a significant, but very small, age effect. However, the variability between the children was considerable. There were no obvious subgroups of children with specific symptom combinations. Conclusion: In any randomly chosen week, the vast majority of children (85%) in our – mainly –post-infancy cohort derived from the general population did not have any symptom, even in the younger age group, even in winter. The children showed considerable variability; no clear subgroups of symptom patterns could be identified, underlining the difficult position of healthcare providers. These results support our opinion that post-infancy children in the general population should not be evaluated as if they are infants when they have recurrent respiratory symptoms. If they clearly deviate from the above-described most common pattern, it is wise to keep an eye on potential, maybe even rare, serious underlying causes.
New species of Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) from Brazil
Authors: Maia Valéria Cid , Oliveira Lázaro Araújo
Published: June 2021

Three new species of Asphondylia are described from Minas Gerais (Brazil): Asphondylia ingaiensis, A. rufae and A. zeyheriae. They induce galls on Moquiniastrum barrosoae (Asteraceae), Bauhinia rufa (Fabaceae), and Zeyheria montana (Bignoniaceae), respectively, all native to Brazil, being the last endemic. Illustrations of relevant morphological characters are provided. The new species are compared with congeneric Neotropical species. Types are deposited in the Museu Nacional, Entomological Collection.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Against Endothelial Dysfunction in a Human Model of Systemic Inflammation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Orlandi Marco , Masi Stefano , Bhowruth Devina , Leira Yago , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Yellon Derek , Hingorani Aroon , Chiesa Scott T. , Hausenloy Derek J. , Deanfield John , D’Aiuto Francesco
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction are known to contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects from endothelial dysfunction and the damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Using intensive periodontal treatment (IPT), an established human model of acute systemic inflammation, we investigated whether RIPC prevents endothelial dysfunction and modulates systemic levels of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Approach and Results:

Forty-nine participants with periodontitis were randomly allocated to receive either 3 cycles of ischemia-reperfusion on the upper limb (N=24, RIPC) or a sham procedure (N=25, control) before IPT. Endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery, inflammatory cytokines, markers of vascular injury, and oxidative stress were evaluated at baseline, day 1, and day 7 after IPT. Twenty-four hours post-IPT, the RIPC group had lower levels of IL-10 (interleukin-10) and IL-12 (interleukin-12) compared with the control group (
P
<0.05). RIPC attenuated the IPT-induced increase in IL-1β (interleukin-1β), E-selectin, sICAM-3 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 3), and sTM (soluble thrombomodulin) levels between the baseline and day 1 (
P
for interaction <0.1). Conversely, oxidative stress was differentially increased at day1 in the RIPC group compared with the control group (
P
for interaction <0.1). This was accompanied by a better flow-mediated dilatation (mean difference 1.75% [95% CI, 0.428–3.07],
P
=0.011). After 7 days from IPT, most of the inflammatory markers, endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilation, were similar between groups.

Conclusions:

RIPC prevented acute endothelial dysfunction by modulation of inflammation and oxidation processes in patients with periodontitis following exposure to an acute inflammatory stimulus.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03072342
; Unique identifier: NCT03072342.
Obesity Prevalence and Risks Among Chinese Adults: Findings From the China PEACE Million Persons Project, 2014–2018
Authors: Mu Lin , Liu Jiamin , Zhou Guohai , Wu Chaoqun , Chen Bowang , Lu Yuan , Lu Jiapeng , Yan Xiaofang , Zhu Zhihong , Nasir Khurram , Spatz Erica S. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Zheng Xin
Published: June 2021

Background:

China has seen a burgeoning epidemic of obesity in recent decades, but few studies reported nationally on obesity across socio-demographic subgroups. We sought to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic associations of obesity nationwide.

Methods:

We assessed the prevalence of overall obesity (body mass index ≥28 kg/m
2
) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥85/90 cm for women/men) among 2.7 million community-dwelling adults aged 35 to 75 years in the China PEACE Million Persons Project from 2014 to 2018 and quantified the socio-demographic associations of obesity using multivariable mixed models.

Results:

Age-standardized rates of overall and abdominal obesity were 14.4% (95% CI, 14.3%–14.4%) and 32.7% (32.6%–32.8%) in women and 16.0% (15.9%–16.1%) and 36.6% (36.5%–36.8%) in men. Obesity varied considerably across socio-demographic subgroups. Older women were at higher risk for obesity (eg, adjusted relative risk [95% CI] of women aged 65–75 versus 35–44 years: 1.29 [1.27–1.31] for overall obesity, 1.76 [1.74–1.77] for abdominal obesity) while older men were not. Higher education was associated with lower risk in women (eg, adjusted relative risk [95% CI] of those with college or university education versus below primary school: 0.47 [0.46–0.48] for overall obesity, 0.61 [0.60–0.62] for abdominal obesity) but higher risk in men (1.07 [1.05–1.10], 1.17 [1.16–1.19]).

Conclusions:

In China, over 1 in 7 individuals meet criteria for overall obesity, and 1 in 3 for abdominal obesity. Wide variation exists across socio-demographic subgroups. The associations of age and education with obesity are significant and differ by sex. Understanding obesity in contemporary China has broad domestic policy implications and provides a valuable international reference.
Personalized, Electronic Health Record–Integrated Decision Aid for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Small Cluster Randomized Trial and Qualitative Analysis of Efficacy and Acceptability
Authors: Schott Stacey L. , Berkowitz Julia , Dodge Shayne E. , Petersen Curtis L. , Saunders Catherine H. , Sobti Navjot Kaur , Xu Keren , Coylewright Megan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Shared decision-making in cardiology is increasingly recommended to improve patient-centeredness of care. Decision aids can improve patient knowledge and decisional quality but are infrequently used in real-world practice. This mixed-methods study tests the efficacy and acceptability of a decision aid integrated into the electronic health record (Integrated Decision Aid [IDeA]) and delivered by clinicians for patients with atrial fibrillation considering options to reduce stroke risk. We aimed to determine whether the IDeA improves patient knowledge, reduces decisional conflict, and is seen as acceptable by clinicians and patients.

Methods:

A small cluster randomized trial included 6 cardiovascular clinicians and 66 patients randomized either to the IDeA (HealthDecision) or usual care (clinician discretion) during a clinical encounter when stroke prevention treatment options were discussed. The primary outcome was patient knowledge of personalized stroke risk. Exploratory outcomes included decisional conflict, values concordance, trust, the presence of a shared decision-making process, and patient knowledge related to time spent using the IDeA. Additionally, we conducted semistructured interviews with clinicians and patients who used the IDeA were conducted to assess acceptability and predictions of future use.

Results:

The IDeA significantly increased patients’ knowledge of their stroke risk (odds ratio, 3.88 [95% CI, 1.39–10.78];
P
<0.01]). Patients had less uncertainty about their final decision (
P
=0.04). There were no significant differences in values concordance, trust in clinician or shared decision-making. Despite training, each clinician used the IDeA differently. Qualitative analysis revealed patients prefer using the IDeA earlier in their diagnosis. Clinicians were satisfied with the IDeA, yet varied in the contexts in which they planned to use it in the future.

Conclusions:

Using an Integrated Decision Aid, or IDeA, increases patient knowledge and lessens uncertainty for decision-making around stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Qualitative data provide insight into potential implementation strategies in real-world practice.
Inflammation, Infection and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Colling Meaghan E. , Tourdot Benjamin E. , Kanthi Yogendra
Published: June 2021

The association between inflammation, infection, and venous thrombosis has long been recognized; yet, only in the last decades have we begun to understand the mechanisms through which the immune and coagulation systems interact and reciprocally regulate one another. These interconnected networks mount an effective response to injury and pathogen invasion, but if unregulated can result in pathological thrombosis and organ damage. Neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets interact with each other and the endothelium in host defense and also play critical roles in the formation of venous thromboembolism. This knowledge has advanced our understanding of both human physiology and pathophysiology, as well as identified mechanisms of anticoagulant resistance and novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the contributions of inflammation and infection to venous thromboembolism.
Advances in Lymphedema
Authors: Rockson Stanley G.
Published: June 2021

Lymphedema is a common, complex, and inexplicably underappreciated human disease. Despite a history of relative neglect by health care providers and by governmental health care agencies, the last decade has seen an explosive growth of insights into, and approaches to, the problem of human lymphedema. The current review highlights the significant advances that have occurred in the investigative and clinical approaches to lymphedema, particularly over the last decade. This review summarizes the progress that has been attained in the realms of genetics, lymphatic imaging, and lymphatic surgery. Newer molecular insights are explored, along with their relationship to future molecular therapeutics. Growing insights into the relationships among lymphedema, obesity, and other comorbidities are important to consider in current and future responses to patients with lymphedema.
Defining laboratory medicine: a circle cannot be squared
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario
Published: June 2021

At the down of the third millennium, it is rather misleading to consider the “whole population” as a conceptual entity, whereby the population is actually composed by single individuals, who differ broadly in terms of age, sex, ethnic origin, occupation, health, wellbeing, lifestyle and risk factors. While reaffirming strongly that laboratory medicine shall aim to provide data that could be translated into actionable information on “BOTH” an individual and universal level, we confute and refuse the naive and too simplistic approach that the common beneficence shall always be prioritized over the individual good, since the common good is just the sum of many individual beneficences.
Current status of the lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs
Authors: Somborac Bačura Anita , Dorotić Marija , Grošić Leonarda , Džimbeg Monika , Dodig Slavica
Published: June 2021

Early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are priorities during the pandemic. Symptomatic and suspected asymptomatic individuals should be tested for COVID-19 to confirm infection and to be excluded from social interactions. As molecular testing capacity is overloaded during the pandemic, rapid antigen tests, such as lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), can be a useful tool as they allow greater test availability and obtain results in a very short time. This short review aims to present the analytical properties of LFIAs in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. Lateral flow immunoassay is a method that combines thin-layer chromatography and indirect immunochemical sandwich method and allows the detection of a specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal swabs. Swab specimens should be adequately collected and tested as soon as possible. Users should pay attention to quality control and possible interferences. Antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 show high sensitivity and specificity in cases with high viral loads, and should be used up to five days after the onset of the first symptoms of COVID-19. False positive results may be obtained when screening large populations with a low prevalence of COVID-19 infection, while false negative results may happen due to improper specimen collection or insufficient amount of antigen in the specimen. So as to achieve reliable results, a diagnostic accuracy study of a specific rapid antigen test should be performed.
Laboratory professionals’ attitudes towards ISO 15189 2012 accreditation: an anonymous survey of three Croatian accredited medical laboratories
Authors: Lapić Ivana , Ivić Matea , Alpeza Viman Ines , Đerek Lovorka , Kardum Paro Mirjana Mariana , Tomičević Marina , Rogić Dunja
Published: June 2021

Effective implementation and continual compliance with ISO 15189:2012 require ongoing commitment and active involvement of laboratory staff. Our aim was to assess attitudes regarding accreditation implementation by conducting a survey in three Croatian accredited medical laboratories.
An anonymous survey consisting of 34 questions was distributed either electronically or in a paper form a week prior to scheduled annual audits. Distributions of answers regarding age, work experience, laboratory workplace, and education level and according to the respective laboratory were compared.
The overall response rate was 76% (225/297). Preference towards working in an accredited laboratory and a positive attitude were revealed by 70% and 56% participants, respectively, with better process documentation as the main advantage. Only 14% of responders considered themselves completely familiar with ISO 15189:2012. Total of 68% of responders felt that accreditation increases the usual workload, with excessive paperwork as the main contributor. Half of the responders declared partial agreement that accreditation requirements and expectations were clearly explained and claimed that their suggestions were taken into account only occasionally, which was especially emphasized by technical staff. The vast majority (89%) completely follow the prescribed protocols. Only 27% consider turnaround time monitoring useful. Competence assessment is considered efficient by 41% of responders. The majority (73%) prefer an online audit in times of COVID-19.
Despite an overall positive attitude towards accreditation, further efforts are needed in providing better education about ISO 15189:2012 for technical staff and modifying formats of competence assessment, in order to achieve better adherence to ISO 15189:2012 requirements.
Muslim Family in Northern Mozambique: Sharīʿa, Matriliny and the Official Legislation in Paquitequete
Authors: Bonate Liazzat J. K.
Published: June 2021

Although Islam has a long history in coastal northern Mozambique, the question of how Muslims manage family life there is little understood. Based on the analysis of historical, ethnographic and legal records, and a case study of a bairro (Port., ward) called Paquitequete in the contemporary coastal city of Pemba in Cabo Delgado province, this article focuses on Muslim family and gender relations in northern Mozambique. It argues that Muslims of this region maintain concurrent legal identities as Muslims, matrilineal Africans and citizens of the modern state. While women benefitted from matriliny by accessing the land and support from their maternal side, upon widowhood and divorce they lost access to their husband’s or common assets because the husbands’ matriclan claimed them. The perseverance of matriliny made local Muslims seem to abide less by Islamic norms, but historically they have combined the Shāfiʿī madhhab (Islamic legal school) with matrilineal custom. In contemporary Pemba, family and gender relations are regulated not only by Sharīʿa or by African ‘traditions’, but by a blend of elements from these two alongside modern legislations. Moreover, it could be said that this arrangement is endorsed by a kind of popular consensus, which is particularly salient in the Community Courts.
The origin of the Indo-European simple thematic presents
Authors: Villanueva Svensson Miguel
Published: June 2021

It is now generally agreed upon that the Indo-European simple thematic presents are a post-Anatolian innovation. The origin of this formation, however, remains unclear. In this paper it is argued that the initial core of simple thematic presents was of denominative origin. They go back to an early Core PIE class of denominatives derived from e-grade thematic adjectives through conversion, e.g., adj. *léu̯k-o- ‘clear’ (Gk. λευκός ‘white’) → vb. *léu̯k-e/o- ‘be/make clear’ (Ved. rócate ‘shines’, TB lyuśtär ‘will light up’). This derivational pattern became obsolete already within Core PIE and a number of original denominatives like *léu̯k-e/o- were reinterpreted as primary present stems.
Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
Authors: DECAE ARTHUR E. , SCHWENDINGER PETER J. , HONGPADHARAKIREE KOMSAN
Published: June 2021

Males and females of four mygalomorph spider species (family Halonoproctidae, subfamily Ummidiinae) are newly described from Thailand, and the taxonomy of Ummidiinae is discussed. This is the first time that trapdoor spider species in this subfamily are described from Thailand. Two of these new species belong to the genus Conothele, the other two species are placed in the genus Latouchia. Conothele martensi spec. nov. was found in the north of the country (Chiang Mai Province), C. isan spec. nov. and Latouchia incerta spec. nov. were collected in northeastern Thailand (Buri Ram Province, Surin Province and Roi Et Province), and L. maculosa spec. nov. was found in the southern coastal province of Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)
Authors: MITOV PLAMEN G. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. , DUNLOP JASON A.
Published: June 2021

Six species of harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) are documented from the Eocene Rovno amber in Ukraine. From the suborder Eupnoi we record Caddo dentipalpus (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854) (Caddidae), Amilenus deltshevi Dunlop & Mitov, 2009 (Phalangiidae) and Dicranopalpus ramiger (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854) (family incertae sedis). To these we add a new phalangiid, Metaphalangium martensi sp. n., which is the oldest representative of the Recent genus Metaphalangium Roewer, 1911 and new genus for the amber fauna. From Dyspnoi we record Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854) (Sabaconidae) and propose Parahistricostoma gen. n. (Nemastomatidae), to accommodate Nemastoma tuberculatum C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854, yielding Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854) comb. n. The Rovno harvestman fauna is briefly compared to both Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. The fossil species, C. dentipalpus, A. deltshevi, D. ramiger and P. tuberculatum occur in all three ambers, and S. claviger is found in Baltic and Rovno amber. The only genus and species unique to Rovno amber is thus our new taxon M. martensi. The composition of the Rovno opilionid fauna is discussed in the context of late Eocene palaeoenvironment and ecological preferences and the fossils are compared to the distribution of extant harvestman taxa. The oribatid mite Platyliodes ensigerus Sellnick, 1919 (Acari: Neoliodidae) is reported from Rovno amber for the first time.
Not Staying in Their Place: An Historic Analysis of Mechanisms of Controlling Movement of Black Men in America through the Lenses of Social Identity and Gender
Authors: Davis Merri H. , Friedman Adina B.
Published: June 2021

Since the arrival of enslaved Africans to the British colony of Virginia in the early 17th century, the spaces of Black men have been policed. Templates characterizing Black males as violent, dangerous, and sexually potent were fully developed by the 18th century and reflected in laws, practices, and systems designed to control their movement. This article applies lenses of social identity and gender to examine contemporary constructs of and practices toward Black men, tracing them back to their historical precursors. The authors contend that fear-based templates continue to be evoked in 21st century America to control the movement and space of Black men through systems and structures which criminalize, terrorize, and economically and educationally dis-advantage them. A major impetus for the development of these systems and structures has been the construction of White masculinities. The authors thus explore the co-constitutive nature of Black and White social identities, a central component of which is gender.
Effects of characteristic element length on fracture energy dissipation in continuum damage mechanics models
Authors: Leone Frank A , Justusson Brian P
Published: June 2021

Progressive damage finite element (FE) analysis methods based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) use mesh regularization algorithms to ensure that fracture energy dissipation predictions are independent of problem discretization. Mesh regularization algorithms require some geometric input related to the discretization. When using crack band theory for mesh regularization, a characteristic element length is used to approximate the width of the region affected by the continuum crack, i.e., the crack band width. Inaccuracy in representing the crack band width significantly affects predictions in terms of fracture energy dissipation. For square elements misaligned by 45°, using a typical line length across an element rather than the crack band width overestimates dissipated fracture energy by 41%. Not accounting for element aspect ratio underestimates dissipated fracture energy by 29% and 50% for ratios of two and four, respectively. Herein, methods for calculating characteristic element lengths in fiber-reinforced materials are presented that account for meshes being misaligned with respect to material directions, element aspect ratio, and element skew. The limits of applicability of different crack band width approximations are explored through numerical crack growth studies and center notch tension FE analyses for different discretizations. Results are compared in terms of fracture energy dissipation to linear elastic fracture mechanics. Analyses with the proposed characteristic element lengths predict consistent fracture energy dissipation with various meshes. The proposed methods and the included studies on potential error in fracture energy dissipation provide analysts the basis to better understand error in CDM model predictions associated with simplified FE model preprocessing.
Depression and Anxiety Predict Healthcare Workers’ Understanding of and Willingness to Help Suicide Attempt Patients
Authors: Siau Ching Sin , Chan Caryn Mei Hsien , Wee Lei Hum , Wahab Suzaily , Visvalingam Uma , Chen Won Sun , Yeoh Seen Heng , Tee Jing Ni , Yeap Lena Lay Ling , Ibrahim Norhayati
Published: June 2021

We examined whether burnout, depression, anxiety, stress, lifetime suicidal ideation, self-efficacy in preventing suicide and demographic factors predicted the understanding of and willingness to help suicidal patients among hospital healthcare workers. A total of 368 healthcare workers from the major surgical and medical departments in a general hospital setting were recruited. Participants responded to the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, Self-efficacy in Suicide Prevention, and Understanding Suicide Attempt Patient Scale. Those from the psychiatric department, with higher suicide prevention self-efficacy, and lower personal accomplishment indicated more understanding and helpful attitudes; doctors, depressed and anxious healthcare workers reported less understanding and helpful attitudes. Suicide prevention efforts must be conducted in tandem with equipping and supporting the healthcare workers who manage suicidal patients.
Thinking about police data: Analysts’ perceptions of data quality in Canadian policing
Authors: O’Connor Christopher D , Ng John , Hill Dallas , Frederick Tyler
Published: June 2021

Policing is increasingly being shaped by data collection and analysis. However, we still know little about the quality of the data police services acquire and utilize. Drawing on a survey of analysts from across Canada, this article examines several data collection, analysis, and quality issues. We argue that as we move towards an era of big data policing it is imperative that police services pay more attention to the quality of the data they collect. We conclude by discussing the implications of ignoring data quality issues and the need to develop a more robust research culture in policing.
Effect of online shopping experience on customer loyalty in apparel business-to-consumer ecommerce
Authors: Yin Wei , Xu Bugao
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this study were to identify major dimensions of customers’ online shopping experience and to examine their impacts on customer loyalty. Customer experience dimensions were firstly searched from the reviewed literatures, and the five dimensions, that is, website, product, service, brand, and emotional experience, were deemed to be relevant to the apparel business-to-consumer ecommerce by experienced shoppers through in-person interviews. Online shopping experience data were then collected through an online questionnaire surveyed in two timeframes, generating two datasets that have 306 and 369 valid samples, respectively. The reliability of the measurement scale was assessed with the two datasets by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients; the scale’s construct validity was verified with the first dataset by the exploratory factor analysis, and the confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the second dataset to evaluate the fit indices, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the scale. Lastly, the correlation and regression analyses were conducted to establish an experience–loyalty model. It was found that the effects of customer experience decreased in the order from product, brand, service, emotional, and website experience. The factor loadings of the scale items indicated that (a) accurate product information had the strongest effect on website experience, (b) product quality had the strongest effect on product experience, (c) product return and exchange processes had the strongest effect on service experience, (d) apparel brand had the strongest effect on brand experience, and (e) shopping journey had the strongest effect on emotional experience.
Development and Validation of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-Satisfaction (YLP-S) Using the Rasch Measurement Model
Authors: Park Kang-Hyun , Hong Ickpyo , Park Ji-Hyuk
Published: June 2021

Lifestyle plays an important role in determining health and vitality among older adults. However, there is limited evidence regarding lifestyle assessment. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-Satisfaction (YLP-S). The participants in the study included 156 older adults. Rasch analysis was used to test unidimensionality, fit statistics, and the precision of the YLP-S. The YLP-S demonstrated a unidimensional measurement construct, and 18 items fit the Rasch model. The YLP-S illustrated reasonable precision (person strata = 5.37). Only 4 items showed differential item functioning by sex or age groups. The findings indicate that the YLP-S demonstrated sound internal validity and can be used by health professionals to measure the multifaceted lifestyle of older adults.
Examining Coping Skills as a Mediating Factor in Perceived Stress and Life Satisfaction: A Comparison Between Minority and Nonminority Older Adults
Authors: Lee Eunyoung , Williams Jaclyn M.
Published: June 2021

Although stress due to racial and ethnic differences can negatively impact life satisfaction, there is a lack of focus on the differences between minority and nonminority older adults in how stress and coping skills impact life satisfaction. The objectives of this study are to explore (a) the differences between minority and nonminority older adults in their levels of life satisfaction, stress, and coping skills; and (b) the mediating effects of coping skills on the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction among both groups. Cross-sectional data from the Well Elderly 2 study ( N = 460) were utilized in bivariate and mediation analyses. Minority older adults reported higher levels of stress and prioritized different coping skills. Mediation was not supported for either group. These findings enable practitioners to focus on the coping skills more frequently identified by clients’ racial/ethnic grouping, as well as to target the primary stressors identified.
When Polarization Triggers Out-Group “Counter-Projection” Across the Political Divide
Authors: Denning Kathryn R. , Hodges Sara D.
Published: June 2021

Although projecting one’s own characteristics onto another person is pervasive, “counter-projection,” or seeing the opposite of oneself in others is also sometimes found, with implications for intergroup conflict. After a focused review of previous studies finding counter-projection (often unexpectedly), we map conditions for counter-projection to an individual out-group member. Counter-projection requires identified antagonistic groups, is moderated by in-group identity, and is moderated by which information is assessed in the target person. Using political groups defined by support for former U.S. President Trump, across our Initial Experiment ( N = 725) and Confirmatory Experiment ( N = 618), we found counter-projection to individual political out-group targets for moral beliefs, personality traits, and everyday likes (e.g., preference for dogs vs. cats). Counter-projection was increased by in-group identification and overlapped considerably with “oppositional” out-group stereotypes, but we also found counter-projection independent of out-group stereotypes (degree of overlap with stereotyping depended on the information being projected).
As a resident and a counsellor
Authors: Momma Maiko , Ando Ryoko
Published: June 2021

At the time of the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011, I was living in Iwaki City with my two children and my husband. With our home damaged by the tsunami and the deteriorating status following the situation at the nuclear power plant, we spent 2 years as evacuees before returning to Iwaki City. Subsequently, I decided to work as a radiation counsellor in the Suetsugi district of Iwaki City. I would like to describe my experience of taking measurements and helping to communicate with the residents while respecting the lives of local people.
Why journalism’s default neglect of temporality is a problem
Authors: Zelizer Barbie
Published: June 2021

This article considers the role of temporality in institutional settings, with particular emphasis on the positioning and impact of temporal choices—or their absence—in journalism. It first discusses why temporality is relevant to institutions like journalism and considers its two interrelated dominant manifestations in the news: nowness and firstness. It then addresses temporality in the current US coverage of the Trump administration. Finally, it considers the need for journalism’s reset, arguing that the combined effect of nowness and firstness promotes temporality’s neglect in the news and prevents the continual updating of the journalistic mindset from occurring.
Muslim like us: mobilizing minority identities in popular Australian entertainment media as sites of transnational representation
Authors: Nickl Benjamin
Published: June 2021

In the context of sustained interest in the mobilization of Muslimness beyond generic and hence immobile identity tropes, I consider how Australian mainstream television and film productions work to challenge and disrupt essentialist representations of Muslimness. Case studies feature two television series and a feature film, examined through the lens of transnational mobility theory and in the context of mediated anti-racism. The productions I discuss, ‘The Spice Journey’, ‘The Mosque Next Door’, and ‘Down Under’, all turn on intra- and inter-communal mobility of Muslim identities. They are part of a larger trend in popular media productions in current Australian film and on television, which reacts to Islamophobic sentiments in the country by drawing attention to embodied multiple subjectivities. Findings suggest that Australian entertainment media can add meaningful input to the diverse and complex negotiations of culture and identity among Muslims in Australia but may sidestep other forms of racism like anti-Indigeneity in the process.
Socially responsible children: A link between school climate and aggression and victimization
Authors: da Cunha Josafá M. , Thomas Kendra J. , Sukhawathanakul Paweena , Santo Jonathan B. , Leadbeater Bonnie
Published: June 2021

Positive perceptions of school climate are associated with lower frequency of peer victimization and aggression in children. Understanding how school climate influences aggression and victimization is essential to guiding school-level interventions to enhance character strengths such as social responsibility. In this short-term longitudinal study, we test a theoretical model arguing that children’s social responsibility mediates the links between their positive perceptions of school climate (comprised of authoritative disciplinary classroom structure, classroom support, and teachers’ use of social–emotional learning [SEL] strategies) and changes in their reports of victimization and aggression, in a sample of Brazilian students in Grades 4 and 5 ( N = 1,850). Findings gave some support to our model, particularly in the prediction of aggression. Children’s perceived social responsibility mediated the effects of positive school climate in predicting declines in aggressive behaviors. Specifically, teachers’ use of SEL strategies and classrooms with more structure and support predicted lower levels of aggression through increases in students’ social responsibility. In addition, social responsibility mediated the association between teachers’ use of social emotional strategies and declines in victimization. The direct effect of classroom support on victimization was also significant.
General Offending and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Young Adulthood: A Dutch Longitudinal Study
Authors: Verbruggen Janna , Blokland Arjan A. J. , Robinson Amanda L. , Maxwell Christopher D.
Published: June 2021

This study examines the relationship between general offending and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in young adulthood, using a Dutch longitudinal study. Young adults were followed over four waves, and self-reported data on general offending, IPV perpetration, and a number of individual characteristics were collected. Results of random effects models demonstrated that young adults involved in more diverse offending behavior reported higher levels of different types of IPV perpetration, even when individual factors were taken into account. Moreover, logistic regression analyses showed that general offending was also related to an increased likelihood of continuity in IPV perpetration. Taken together, the findings indicate that it is useful to view IPV perpetration as part of a broader criminal career.
Measuring Aggression in German Youth Prison—A Validation of the German Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) in a Sample of Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Heynen Evelyn , Van der Helm Peer , Stams Geert Jan , Roest Jesse
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to examine construct validity and reliability of the German reactive proactive aggression questionnaire (RPQ) in a sample of delinquent boys ( N = 156). A confirmatory factor analysis with a two-factor model of reactive and proactive aggression showed a good fit to the data. The factor structure of the original RPQ could be fully replicated in the German translation, and Cronbach’s alphas were good for both subscales. Concurrent validity of the RPQ was demonstrated by significant correlations with the subscales of the inventory of callous unemotional traits. In future studies, the German RPQ can be used to assess reactive and proactive aggression in judicial and forensic psychiatric care in Germany. The present findings also provide support for the use of the RPQ in cross-cultural comparisons.
Beyond populism(s)
Authors: Casanueva Baptista Alonso , Sanchez-Urribarri Raul A.
Published: June 2021

This article offers a brief critical summary of our Populism(s) project to date, and introduces Thesis Eleven readers to the articles edited in this Special Issue. We comment on significant recent developments on populism scholarship, and reflect about the most recent developments currently taking place and their (potential) impact on current populism research.
Association of Sleep With Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Schneider Aaron C. , Moon Chooza , Whitaker Kara , Zhang Dong , Carr Lucas J. , Bao Wei , Xiao Qian
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias contribute to one in three senior deaths. Lifestyle factors, including sleep, may contribute to AD risk and mortality; however, current evidence on sleep and AD mortality is mixed.

Methods:

We used data from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Sleep duration and napping were self-reported and AD death were ascertained via linkage to the National Death Index.

Results:

Long sleep and napping were both associated with increased AD mortality. Specifically, 9+ hr of sleep was associated with 50% increase (hazard ratio = 1.50, 95% CI = [1.17, 1.92]) in AD mortality when compared 7 to 8 hr, while napping for 1+ hr was associated with 29% increase (1.29 [1.08, 1.55]) when compared with no napping. Results appeared to be stronger in men and remained after removing AD deaths within first 5 years after baseline.

Discussion:

Long sleep and napping may predict higher AD mortality in the older population.
Discursive Constructions of Domestic Violence Among Iranian Instagram Users
Authors: Ebadijalal Marjan , Weisi Hiwa
Published: June 2021

Domestic violence (DV) is a widespread social phenomenon, adversely impacting public mental and physical health. The abatement of such issue necessitates a priori social awareness and a posteriori social support. With that in mind, the present study aimed at disclosing dominant discursive constructions of DV among Iranian Instagram users. Driven by Fairclough’s (1992) notion of “moments of crisis,” critical discourse analysis was employed as the theoretical framework to elucidate the results obtained from 1,028 comments on nine DV-related posts. Our primary objective was to uncover Iranian Instagram commentators’ perception of the causes and consequences of DV as well as the perpetrator and victim’s roles through probing into the embedded social values and assumptions underpinning such discursive constructions represented within comments. Meticulous inspection of the data yielded six major themes, namely, (a) blaming the responsible, (b) offering solutions to the victims, (c) portraying the male perpetrators, (d) overgeneralizing the transgression, (e) disregarding men’s rights, and (f) portraying the female perpetrators. The results indicated that female and male commentators held dissimilar perspectives with regard to DV and that though the conceptualizations of DV were not destitute of prejudice, both perpetrators and victims were encouraged to take requisite steps to minimize the adverse impact of DV on their families and relations as well as on social and public health. The discursive themes identified in the current work may serve as the stepping stone toward the mitigation of DV within society.
Explaining the Help-Seeking Intentions of Adolescents Subject to Sexual Exploitation in Tanzania: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Mlyakado Budeba Petro , Li Jessica Chi-Mei
Published: June 2021

The sexual exploitation (SE) of children and adolescents is a universal concern. Numerous empirical studies have examined the prevalence and consequences of this phenomenon worldwide, but there is little information on the factors that determine the help-seeking intentions of adolescents subject to SE in Tanzania. We drew on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to address this knowledge gap. The study had two main objectives. First, we examined four TPB variables (attitudes toward seeking help, perceived social support, perceived social stigma, and generalized self-efficacy) as determinants of the Tanzanian adolescents’ help-seeking intentions. Second, we explored the moderating effects of social stigma on the relationship between the examined TPB factors and the adolescents’ help-seeking intentions. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a stratified random sample of 1,116 secondary school adolescents aged 13-17 ( M = 15.66; SD = 1.09). The participants were recruited from two regions in the east and northwest of Tanzania and data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. The results indicate that the TPB variables of attitude toward seeking help, perceived social support, and generalized self-efficacy were positively associated with the help-seeking intentions of adolescents subject to SE, but not social stigma. Through moderation analyses, we found that social stigma significantly weakened the explanatory power of the attitude toward seeking help. The findings of this study in the context of Tanzania were discussed and implications for policy, practice, and future research were suggested.
Evaluation of a Multimodal Heparin Laboratory Monitoring Protocol in Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
Authors: Northam Kalynn A. , Nguyen Bobbie , Chen Sheh-Li , Sredzienski Edward , Charles Anthony
Published: June 2021

Background:

Anticoagulation monitoring practices vary during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization describes that a multimodal approach is needed to overcome assay limitations and minimize complications.

Objective:

Compare activated clotting time (ACT) versus multimodal approach (activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)/anti-factor Xa) for unfractionated heparin (UFH) monitoring in adult ECMO patients.

Methods:

We conducted a single-center retrospective pre- (ACT) versus post-implementation (multimodal approach) study. The incidence of major bleeding and thrombosis, blood product and antithrombin III (ATIII) administration, and UFH infusion rates were compared.

Results:

Incidence of major bleeding (69.2% versus 62.2%, p = 0.345) and thrombosis (23% versus 14.9%, p = 0.369) was similar between groups. Median number of ATIII doses was reduced in the multimodal group (1.0 [IQR 0.0-2.0] versus 0.0 [0.0 -1.0], p = 0.007). The median UFH infusion rate was higher in the ACT group, but not significant (16.9 [IQR 9.6-22.4] versus 13 [IQR 9.6-15.4] units/kg/hr, p = 0.063). Fewer UFH infusion rate changes occurred prior to steady state in the multimodal group (0.9 [IQR 0.3 -1.7] versus 0.1 [IQR 0.0-0.2], p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The incidence of major bleeding and thrombosis was similar between groups. Our multimodal monitoring protocol standardized UFH infusion administration and reduced ATIII administration.
“It’s enough to survive through this hell to make ourselves immortal in the eyes of our descendants:” Myal, death and mourning inDie the Long Day
Authors: Rodriques Janelle
Published: June 2021

Die the Long Day narrates the 24 hours following the flight, capture, and brutal murder of Quasheba, a fugitive slave, on an 18th-century Jamaican plantation. Quasheba is remembered, retroactively, for her defiance of, despite ultimate defeat by, both the extreme gendered violence of the plantation and the paternalism of the narrative. The climax of this novel is Quasheba’s funeral, on which her community insists in accordance with their communal, African religious (Myal) rites. In these following pages I will consider how Quasheba’s spirit galvanizes this community as much as it may threaten to destroy it, and how this narrative places Obeah/Myal at the center of spiritual survival in the face of ever-present physical—and social—death during and after slavery, and at the center of strategies for the survival of its aftereffects.
Female agency in the films of Jean Renoir
Authors: Nevin Barry
Published: June 2021

Although Jean Renoir’s oeuvre has been extensively debated since the emergence of the politique des auteurs in the pages of Cahiers du cinéma, his representation of gender relations has sustained less discussion than his signature formal style. This article posits that Renoir’s films provide a valuable means of identifying how gender, specifically female identity, affects temporal trajectories in cinema. First, it illustrates Gilles Deleuze’s understanding of crystallisation and situates it in relation to current scholarship on gender representation in the director’s work. Second, it conducts a close analysis of the relationship between female identity and crystallisation based on the central female characters of La Règle du jeu (1939) and The Golden Coach (1952). This article ultimately argues that whether these characters belong to an upper-or lower-class stratum, they are subordinated to male power, which plays a determining role in the range of potential futures available to them.