bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Less Axillary Lymphadenectomy is More Beneficial: 27-Year Follow-up of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Javadi Seyedmohammadreza , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Hashemi Solmaz , Moradian Farid , Akbari Atieh , Mohamadi Farzane , Khayamzadeh Maryam
Published: March 2021

Background: One of the most important alterations in breast cancer treatment is the change of view in axillary lymph node management. At the moment, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard care in axillary lymph node management. However, in patients with clinically positive lymph nodes or in patients, who have no willingness to receive radioactive drugs, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) must be done. To the best of our knowledge, there is no overall survival (OS) benefit in ALND, especially at the early stage of breast cancer, during which this procedure is not justified. Objectives: Herein, we have reported the results of 27 years of experiments in limited axillary lymph node dissection (LALND) in comparison to ALND as well as the relationship among the number of removed lymph nodes, OS, and disease-free survival (DFS) at the early stage of breast cancer. Methods: OS and DFS for 588 cases, who were at the early stage of breast cancer and treated by LALND between 1984 and 2019, were compared with 1026 patients, who were treated by ALND during the same interval in this study. Notably, SLNB cases were excluded. Results: The results revealed no significant difference among the groups in terms of DFS (P = 0.268, 0.123, and 0.333). Also, there was no difference in terms of OS between the LALND group (1 - 4 nodes, 5 - 6 nodes, and 7 - 8 nodes) and ALND group (≥ 9 nodes) in patients without lymph node involvement (AHR less than 2). However, in the patients with axillary lymph node metastasis (N1, N2), similar results were obtained. Correspondingly, in this group, the best results were observed in those patients, whose 7 - 8 lymph nodes were removed. Conclusions: Regarding the results of the current study; it can be concluded that performing the LALND in the defined anatomic range and removing 7 - 8 lymph nodes instead of removing 10 lymph nodes are not inferior when it is not possible to do SLNB (there is no access to it) and/or being a contraindication to do it for evaluating the status of axillary lymph nodes in the patients at the early stage of breast cancer.
Perception of Iranian Patients with Cancer, Their Relatives, and Health Care Professionals Towards Length of Life and Quality of Life: A Local Survey
Authors: Nourbakhsh Negin , Tahani Bahareh , Moghaddas Azadeh
Published: March 2021

Background: Recently, therapeutic decision-making in oncology is changed to a big challenge for both patients and involved oncologists due to an increase in available treatment modalities with a variety of benefits or adverse effects. Objectives: The current study aimed at comparing the perception of treatment priorities regarding lengthening of survival time or maintenance of the quality of life (QoL) among patients with cancer by health care professionals (HCPs). Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with cancer, their relatives, and healthcare professionals in the referral cancer center of Omid affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. To identify treatment choices, priority, and related variables influencing their opinions, all participants were interviewed using a standard and valid questionnaire in Persian. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20, and the P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 299 participants, including 100 patients, 109 relatives, and 90 HCPs (74.2% nurses, 20.2% physicians, 5.6% others) participated in the study. The priority of treatment between survival time (66.1% for relatives vs. 47.9% for patients and 21.3% for HCP) and QoL (33.9% vs.52.1% and 78.7%) was significantly different between the three groups (P < 0.001). Most of the HCPs, patients, and their relatives believed that the physician is the only person who should accept the responsibility of treatment choices and process (98.9% vs. 100% and 98%, respectively; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Among the Iranian population, both the length of life and QoL were valuable; however, it was observed that patients with cancer and HCPs preferred mostly to expand the QoL, while the length of life was more valuable for relatives. Also, all patients, their relatives, and HCPs preferred to choose the physicians as the decision-makers. The results of the study can be helpful in choosing treatment regimens and designing clinical trials.
Perfil de recém-nascidos de risco relacionado à termorregulação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Rodrigues Guimarães de Aquino Alana , Coeli Oliveira da Silva Bárbara , Barreto Vanessa Pinheiro , Rodrigues Guimarães de Aquino Alyne , Vasconcelos Trigueiro Elizabeth , Rodrigues Feijão Alexsandra
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analizar el patrón de temperatura de recién nacidos de bajo peso al nacer ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales.Metodología: Este es un estudio transversal y cuantitativo realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales en un hospital de maternidad en el noreste de Brasil. La muestra consistió en 45 niños de bajo peso al nacer, muy bajo peso al nacer o extremadamente bajo peso al nacer ingresados en la unidad.Resultados: Al ingreso se obtuvo una temperatura axilar promedio de 34.98ºC con una desviación estándar de 1.12. La tasa de hipotermia al ingreso fue considerablemente severa, por lo que en la primera hora, con seis horas y con 12 horas de hospitalización, el porcentaje de recién nacidos hipotérmicos (<36.5ºC) fue respectivamente: 93.33%, 73.33 % y 57.78%.Conclusión: Hubo fallas en los procesos cuando se trata de termorregulación, dado que casi toda la muestra llega con potencial estrés por frío.

Objective: To analyze the temperature pattern of low birth weight newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Methodology: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a maternity hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 45 low birth weight, very low birth weight or extremely low birth weight newborns admitted to the unit.Results: At admission, we obtained an axillary temperature average of 34.98ºC with a standard deviation of 1.12. The hypothermia rate at the time of admission was considerably severe, so that in the first hour, with 06 hours and with 12 hours of hospitalization, the percentages of hypothermic newborns (<36.5ºC) were respectively: 93.33%, 73.33 % and 57.78%.Conclusion: We found flaws in the processes when it comes to thermoregulation, given that almost the entire sample arrives with potential cold stress.

Objetivo: Analisar o padrão de temperatura dos recém-nascidos de baixo peso internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado numa Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de uma maternidade no Nordeste do Brasil. A amostra foi constituída de 45 recém-nascidos de baixo peso, muito baixo peso ou extremo baixo peso admitidos na unidade. Resultados: Na admissão obteve-se uma média de temperatura axilar de 34,98ºC com desvio padrão de 1,12. A taxa de hipotermia na admissão foi consideravelmente grave, de forma que na primeira hora, com seis horas e com 12 horas de internação a porcentagem de recém-nascidos hipotérmicos (<36,5ºC) foi respectivamente: 93,33%, 73,33% e 57,78%. Conclusão: Verificou-se falhas nos processos quando se trata de termorregulação, haja vista que quase a totalidade da amostra chega com potencial estresse ao frio.
La concentración de fluoruro en las aguas consumidas en la Región de Murcia no es suficiente para prevenir la caries dental
Authors: Pérez Silva Amparo , Aparecido Cury Jaime , Serna Muñoz Clara , Cabello Malagon Inmaculada , Martínez Beneyto Yolanda , Ortiz Ruiz Antonio José
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La caries sigue siendo la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en el niño y es considerada un problema de salud pública. El flúor es la principal medida protectora contra la caries dental y el agua de consumo es la principal fuente de ingesta de flúor.Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue calcular la concentración de ión fluoruro en el agua de abastecimiento de 10 zonas y en 10 aguas embotelladas comercializadas en la Región de Murcia.Material y Métodos: La concentración de fluoruro en las aguas se determinó con un electrodo ion–selectivo para flúor previamente calibrado con patrones de fluoruro preparados con TISAB II.Resultados: En el agua de abastecimiento, se detectaron concentraciones de fluoruro entre 0.09 y0.18 mgF/L (ppm) en las aguas embotelladas la concentración de fluoruro varió desde 0.04 a 0.50 ppm.Conclusiones: El fluoruro está presente en aguas consumidas en la Región de Murcia pero enconcentraciones que no alcanzan niveles preventivos para la caries dental. Es necesario prescribir suplementos de flúor en niños con alto riesgo de caries y para ello se deben contabilizar todas las fuentes externas de flúor, incluido el agua.

Introduction: Dental caries remains the most frequent chronic disease in childhood and is considered a public health problem. Fluoride has proven effectiveness in the prevention of caries and drinking water is the main source of fluoride intake. The objective of this study was to determine fluoride concentrations in tap water from 10 areas and in 10 bottled waters sold in the Region of Murcia.Materials and Methods: The concentration of fluoride in water was determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode with a direct technique previously calibrated with standard fluoride concentrations prepared with TISAB II.Results: In tap water, fluoride concentrations from 0.09 to 0.18 mgF/L (ppm) were detected; in bottled waters the concentration of fluoride varied from 0.04 to 0.50 ppm.Conclusion: Fluoride is present in the water consumed in the Region of Murcia but in concentrations that do not prevent dental caries. Fluoride supplements should be prescribed in children at high risk of caries, and for this, all external sources of fluoride intake, including water, must be accounted for.
Effect of alternate nostril breathing on cardio respiratory parameters and muscle strength among rotating shift workers
Authors:   Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Pondicherry, Udaykumar Karthika Priyadharshini
Published: March 2021

Night shifts work in particular is the most frequent reasons for circadian rhythm disruption and subsequent psychological and physiological disturbances, especially increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory ailments compared to daytime workers. Alternate nostril breathing for about 15 minutes was known to have effect over cardiac, respiratory parameters and muscle strength. Hence aim is of interest to assess the effects of alternate nostril breathing (ANB) on cardiorespiratory parameters and muscle strength among the rotating shift workers in the tertiary care hospital. This observational study was carried out in the department of Physiology after getting institutional ethical committee clearance. Around 140 rotating night shift workers of both sex of age 25-40 years with normal BMI and 140 non-shift workers age, sex and BMI matched were selected as study and control group respectively. Heart rate, blood Pressure, respiratory rate, peak expiratory flow rate, respiratory endurance, respiratory burst test, muscle strength and fatigue were recorded before and after 15 minutes of ANB. Shift workers were found to have significantly altered systolic (P=0.000) and diastolic (P=0.002) blood pressure and heart rate (P= 0.010) compared to non-shift workers. All the cardiorespiratory parameters and muscle strength, fatigue was found to be significantly (P< 0.05) altered after ANB between both shift and non- shift workers. ANB can be used as a therapeutic module among the shift workers, to maintain their sound health and to improve their performance in the night duty.
Effect of alternate nostril breathing on cardio respiratory parameters and muscle strength among rotating shift workers
Authors:   Meenakshi Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Kanchipuram, India, Ukkirapandian Kavitha
Published: March 2021

Night shifts work in particular is the most frequent reasons for circadian rhythm disruption and subsequent psychological and physiological disturbances, especially increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory ailments compared to daytime workers. Alternate nostril breathing for about 15 minutes was known to have effect over cardiac, respiratory parameters and muscle strength. Hence aim is of interest to assess the effects of alternate nostril breathing (ANB) on cardiorespiratory parameters and muscle strength among the rotating shift workers in the tertiary care hospital. This observational study was carried out in the department of Physiology after getting institutional ethical committee clearance. Around 140 rotating night shift workers of both sex of age 25-40 years with normal BMI and 140 non-shift workers age, sex and BMI matched were selected as study and control group respectively. Heart rate, blood Pressure, respiratory rate, peak expiratory flow rate, respiratory endurance, respiratory burst test, muscle strength and fatigue were recorded before and after 15 minutes of ANB. Shift workers were found to have significantly altered systolic (P=0.000) and diastolic (P=0.002) blood pressure and heart rate (P= 0.010) compared to non-shift workers. All the cardiorespiratory parameters and muscle strength, fatigue was found to be significantly (P< 0.05) altered after ANB between both shift and non- shift workers. ANB can be used as a therapeutic module among the shift workers, to maintain their sound health and to improve their performance in the night duty.
GRID LASER MARKING INFLUENCE ON HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS TENSILE TEST BEHAVIOR
Authors: MARTINEZ KRAHMER DANIEL OSVALDO , ABATE GERMAN , SIMONCELLI ALEJANDRO , ANTUNEZ NAZARENO , MARTYNENKO VITALIY , PEREZ DANIELA , LOPEZ  DE LA CALLE MARCAIDE LUIS NORBERTO
Published: March 2021

Automotive car companies are using AHSS (advanced high strength steels) over the last 20 years, to reduce vehicle weight and improve safety. The new steels can achieve higher strength and good fatigue resistance, but some issues related to springback and low formability are also a big concern. Thus, companies need to extend their know-how regarding material behaviour, design rules and manufacturing processes.
Therefore, materials characterization laboratories are working to obtain the new formability charts of the steels. The grid laser marking of test pieces is a recent approach. However, the marking process must accomplish three main aspects: indelibility during the tensile testing procedure, precision, and of course, it must not affect the mechanical properties of studied steels.
This work is focused on the laser marking of test pieces, using Ytterbium fiber laser. A dual phase steel (JFE CA 1180) is studied. Process parameter are defined.

Keywords: grid marking, laser, advanced high-strength steels, AHSS, formability diagrams, mechanical properties
Influence de la consommation de substances psychoactives sur le fonctionnement adaptatif des étudiants du postsecondaire présentant un TDAH
Authors: Lagacé Leblanc Jeanne , Massé Line , Plourde Chantal
Published: March 2021

Objectifs. Cette étude vise à étudier l’association entre la consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA) et le fonctionnement adaptatif des étudiants présentant un trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDAH) à l’éducation postsecondaire. Les atteintes fonctionnelles liées au TDAH et les types de SPA privilégiée par cette population sont également examinés.

Méthode. L’échantillon est constitué de 243 étudiants de niveau collégial (56,7 %) et universitaire (43,6 %) de la province de Québec présentant un TDAH et âgés en moyenne de 24 ans.

Résultats. Une plus grande proportion d’étudiants universitaires présentent une consommation à risque d’alcool comparativement aux collégiens. Le cannabis et les speeds se révèlent comme les substances de choix pour ceux qui consomment des drogues (43,3 %). De plus, les analyses de la covariance multivariées montrent un effet principal significatif de la sévérité de la consommation d’alcool selon les domaines fonctionnels. La sévérité de la consommation d’alcool et de drogues est associée à la manifestation d’autres comportements à risque.

Conclusion. La consommation de SPA influence de façon importante la vie des étudiants ayant un TDAH.
Habitudes de consommation de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents et jeunes adultes autistes
Authors: Poulin Marie-Hélène , Laventure Myriam , Tremblay Kelly , Beuchot Emma
Published: March 2021

La légalisation du cannabis étant récente au Canada, les intervenants en autisme sont préoccupés par la consommation des adultes autistes qui sont plus à risque de développer une dépendance. L’automédication de l’anxiété et les difficultés d’inclusion sociale pourraient encourager la consommation de cannabis. Cette étude vise à décrire les habitudes de consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA ; tabac, alcool, cannabis, autres drogues) et leurs conséquences chez les personnes ayant un diagnostic de trouble de spectre de l’autisme (TSA) âgées de 16 à 30 ans. Une enquête en ligne par questionnaire a été complétée par 65 adolescents et adultes (âge moyen = 21,4 ans) ayant un TSA (32 hommes et 33 femmes). La consommation de SPA a été mesurée à l’aide du DEP-ADO version 3.3 (Germain et al., 2016) adaptée. Fait marquant, 36,9 % des personnes autistes (12 hommes et 12 femmes) rapportent n’avoir rien consommé (alcool, tabac et drogues) au cours des 12 derniers mois. Les personnes autistes qui consomment rapportent une consommation accrue de cannabis (quotidienne) et d’autres drogues. Pourtant, la gravité de leur consommation est comparable à leurs pairs non autistes selon les données disponibles dans la littérature. Par ailleurs, la prévalence de consommation problématique est très faible dans la population autiste (7,7 %). Les principales conséquences rapportées concernent la perte d’argent, les difficultés de santé et les conduites à risque. Les filles ayant un TSA mentionnent vivre davantage de conséquences quant aux conduites à risque liées à leur consommation de SPA. Des recommandations cliniques pour l’accompagnement des personnes autistes et de leurs proches ainsi que des pistes de recherches futures sont proposées.
Effets sociaux, culturels et psychologiques du mariage chez les adultes tamouls de seconde génération en France. Étude de cas – Renuka : un mariage arrangé à l’occidentale
Authors: Vijayaratnam Mélanie , Simon Amalini , Radjack Rahmeth , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2021

Objectif Cette étude se veut une approche compréhensive des conflits psychiques que rencontrent les jeunes femmes confrontées à des modèles culturels divergents. Elle relate des tensions traversées par Renuka, Tamoule née en France, dans ses choix matrimoniaux entre verticalité culturelle et métissage.

Méthode Le parcours matrimonial de Renuka est exploré à travers des entretiens semi-directifs approfondis analysés selon la méthode complémentariste de Devereux.

Résultats Dans un espace pluriculturel, il y a une souffrance résultant de la difficulté de positionnement. Les choix maritaux révèlent des tensions intrapsychiques qui peuvent être dépassées en mobilisant des stratégies, des processus et des mécanismes articulant les modèles identificatoires.

Conclusion Cette étude explore les enjeux du mariage en contexte migratoire et ses effets sur la vie psychique des individus et relate une des problématiques majeures de nos sociétés métissées.
¿Qué cuesta más compartir: una idea o un juguete?
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: March 2021

La primera actividad de la asignatura de Comunidades de práctica que imparto en el marco del Posgrado en Redes Sociales e Intercambio de Conocimiento es un ejercicio de reflexión que los estudiantes deben hacer sobre el concepto de compartir. Sus aportaciones me han servido de inspiración y a ellos les debo la idea de escribir este artículo.
Felicidad 2.0
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

En las sociedades actuales, libres de muchas de las restricciones morales y culturales del pasado, la felicidad suele ser vista como uno de los mayores y más deseados logros individuales. Todos queremos ser felices, y no nos cansamos de buscar fórmulas que nos ayuden a conseguirlo, sea en librerías o en las redes sociales.
Sociología de la emoción y audiencias empoderadas
Authors: Díaz Ángel
Published: March 2021

Walt Disney produjo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial una serie de cortos de animación dedicados a ridiculizar la Alemania de Hitler. Uno en concreto, titulado Reason and emotion (1943), pretendía llamar la atención sobre un problema al que se enfrentaba Estados Unidos a esas alturas de la guerra: el modo en que la emotividad del discurso nazi podía dañar la moral de los norteamericanos.
Nuevas profesiones para el presente
Authors: Vàzquez Garcia Mercè
Published: March 2021

Vivimos inmersos en un mundo cambiante lleno de nuevos retos organizativos, tecnológicos y sociales. Nos encontramos en un escenario en el que la realidad nos pide a cada uno de nosotros que ideemos nuevas maneras de plantear el presente y el futuro más inmediato en todas las acciones que llevamos a cabo diariamente. Este reto personal que tenemos todos ante nosotros también implica pensar y actuar de una forma distinta en el ámbito profesional. La nueva situación va dibujando nuevas profesiones que tendrán un recorrido de éxito en los próximos años.
La información 'vuela' en tiempo real
Authors: Prieto Sonia R.
Published: March 2021

En la comunicación de emergencias la información es fundamental a la hora de solventar cualquier contingencia. Las redes sociales han modificado el paradigma comunicativo y Twitter se presenta como una herramienta indispensable para la gestión de la información. Sin embargo, puede ser problemático si un contenido erróneo se difunde a gran escala mediante retweets (RT), sobre todo si éstos pueden causar alguna alarma social. Así ocurrió en la cobertura que 112 Canarias realizó en una situación de emergencia.
Una de las profesiones más antiguas del mundo que muta, incluso de nombre
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: March 2021

Bibliotecarios, documentalistas, infonomistas, gestores de la información, content curators, community managers o... lo que vaya surgiendo, son términos para identificar las funciones y las competencias de los profesionales que gestionan información y conocimiento. Por qué la evolución de las funciones y competencias de estos profesionales trae asociada una serie de nuevas etiquetas y pseudo “nuevas” profesiones?
Servicios de información de proximidad: futuro cercano
Authors: Cobarsí-Morales Josep
Published: March 2021

La rápida evolución de los actuales entornos de información digital conduce a la demanda de nuevos servicios en los próximos años. La cuestión de servicios calificados de proximidad, de alto agregado de valor, con el fin de ayudar a construir una información más humanizada a los usuarios, y que están efectivamente en sus manos. Esto podría aclarar una situación actual donde a menudo nosotros como usuarios tenemos la sensación de que vamos a remolque de nuestro entorno de información.
Pensar rápido, pensar despacio
Authors: Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco
Published: March 2021

En el 2011 Daniel Kahneman publicó su libro Pensar rápido, pensar despacio, donde recoge de manera amena y brillante sus principales trabajos de investigación, desarrollados durante décadas en colaboración con otros investigadores, relacionados con el juicio humano y la toma de decisiones. Estos trabajos le permitieron obtener el Premio Nobel de Economía en 2002.
Desequilibrios bibliotecarios
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: March 2021

La Biblioteca de Catalunya hace cien años que abrió las puertas como servicio público a toda la población. Posteriormente, las bibliotecas populares se empezaron a construir por todo el territorio catalán, como sucursales, a fin de educar a la población, hacerla más culta y ser a la vez una fuente de información a los estudiosos y profesionales. El sistema bibliotecario creado entonces constituye los cimientos del sistema actual. ¿Cuál es la situación de la red de bibliotecas municipales? ¿Cómo se pueden disminuir los desequilibrios bibliotecarios en el territorio?
Laboratorio digital y relacional
Authors: Gurpegui Vidal Carlos
Published: March 2021

“El diálogo real no es hablar con gente que piensa lo mismo que tú. Las redes sociales no enseñan a dialogar porque es tan fácil evitar la controversia… Mucha gente las usa no para unir, no para ampliar sus horizontes, sino al contrario, para encerrarse en lo que llamo zonas de confort, donde el único sonido que oyen es el eco de su voz, donde lo único que ven son los reflejos de su propia cara”, declaraba el sociólogo Zygmunt Bauman a comienzos de este año profundizando sobre las nuevas dinámicas de relaciones digitales.
Estrogen receptor alpha in the brain mediates tamoxifen-induced changes in physiology in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Park Jae Whan , Ahn In Sook , Diamante Graciel , Sivakumar Nilla , Arneson Douglas , Yang Xia , van Veen J Edward , Correa Stephanie M
Published: March 2021

Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy improves survival in breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, long-term treatment comes with side effects that impact health and quality of life, including hot flashes, changes in bone density, and fatigue. Partly due to a lack of proven animal models, the tissues and cells that mediate these negative side effects are unclear. Here, we show that mice undergoing tamoxifen treatment experience changes in temperature, bone, and movement. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that tamoxifen treatment induces widespread gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (hypothalamus-POA). These expression changes are dependent on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as conditional knockout of ERα in the hypothalamus-POA ablates or reverses tamoxifen-induced gene expression. Accordingly, ERα-deficient mice do not exhibit tamoxifen-induced changes in temperature, bone, or movement. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the effects of tamoxifen on the hypothalamus-POA and indicate that ERα mediates several physiological effects of tamoxifen treatment in mice.
Latrophilin GPCR signaling mediates synapse formation
Authors: Sando Richard , Südhof Thomas C
Published: March 2021

Neural circuit assembly in the brain requires precise establishment of synaptic connections, but the mechanisms of synapse assembly remain incompletely understood. Latrophilins are postsynaptic adhesion-GPCRs that engage in trans-synaptic complexes with presynaptic teneurins and FLRTs. In mouse CA1-region neurons, Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 are essential for formation of entorhinal-cortex-derived and Schaffer-collateral-derived synapses, respectively. However, it is unknown whether latrophilins function as GPCRs in synapse formation. Here, we show that Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 exhibit constitutive GPCR activity that increases cAMP levels, which was blocked by a mutation interfering with G-protein and arrestin interactions of GPCRs. The same mutation impaired the ability of Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 to rescue the synapse-loss phenotype in Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 knockout neurons in vivo. Our results suggest that Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 require GPCR signaling in synapse formation, indicating that latrophilins promote synapse formation in the hippocampus by activating a classical GPCR-signaling pathway.
Phenotype study of multifoliolate leaf formation inTrifolium alexandrinumL.
Authors: Malaviya Devendra Ram , Roy Ajoy Kumar , Kaushal Pankaj , Pathak Shalini , Kalendar Ruslan
Published: March 2021

Background

The genusTrifoliumis characterized by typical trifoliolate leaves. Alterations in leaf formats from trifoliolate to multifoliolate, i.e., individual plants bearing trifoliolate, quadrifoliolate, pentafoliolate or more leaflets, were previously reported among many species of the genus. The study is an attempt to develop pure pentafoliolate plants ofT. alexandrinumand to understand its genetic control.

Methods

The experimental material consisted of two populations ofT. alexandrinumwith multifoliolate leaf expression, i.e.,interspecific hybrid progenies ofT. alexandrinumwithT. apertum, andT. alexandrinumgenotype Penta-1. Penetrance of the multifoliolate trait was observed among multifoliolate and trifoliolate plant progenies. In vitro culture and regeneration of plantlets from the axillary buds from different plant sources was also attempted.

Results

The inheritance among a large number of plant progenies together with in vitro micro-propagation results did not establish a definite pattern. The multifoliolate leaf formation was of chimeric nature, i.e., more than one leaf format appearing on individual branches. Reversal to normal trifoliolate from multifoliolate was also quite common. Penetrance and expression of multifoliolate leaf formation was higher among the plants raised from multifoliolate plants. Multifoliolate and pure pentafoliolate plants were observed in the progenies of pure trifoliolate plants and vice-versa. There was an apparent increase in the pentafoliolate leaf formation frequency over the years due to targeted selection. A few progenies of the complete pentafoliolate plants in the first year were true breeding in the second year. Frequency of plantlets with multifoliolate leaf formation was also higher in in vitro axillary bud multiplication when the explant bud was excised from the multifoliolate leaf node.

Conclusion

Number of leaflets being a discrete variable, occurrence of multifoliolate leaves on individual branches, reversal of leaf formats on branches and developing true breeding pentafoliolates were the factors leading to a hypothesis beyond normal Mendelian inheritance. Transposable elements (TEs) involved in leaf development in combination with epigenetics were probably responsible for alterations in the expression of leaflet number. Putative TE’s movement owing to chromosomal rearrangements possibly resulted in homozygous pentafoliolate trait with evolutionary significance. The hypothesis provides a new insight into understanding the genetic control of this trait inT. alexandrinumand may also be useful in otherTrifoliumspecies where such observations are reported.
Economic Valuation of Backyard Duck Rearing in the Border Covering District Households of Vembanad Lake – Market Price Approach
Authors: Chandrasekar V. , Gopal S. Murali , Vidhyavathi A. , Jayanthi C. , Sathy R. , Gopal Nikita
Published: March 2021

The Vembanad lake provides various provisional services which are directly used for consumption through various means like fishing, aquaculture, paddy cultivation, duck farming etc. In this study, the economic valuation of duck rearing activities practiced by the 30 sample households situated in around three districts bordering Vembanad lake namely Ernakulam, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts were used for the estimation. This study used to estimate the economic value generated by duck rearing using market price method was about INR 27.62 crores, out of which the value generated from the egg and duck (meat) was about INR 15.43 and INR 12.18 crores respectively. In the process of estimation used the variable from the sample household as such as number of ducks reared, egg produced annually and selling price of duck egg and meat in local markets.
Protection of Eggplant Seed Germination from the Inhibitory Effect of o-Cresol by Bioaugmentation of Soil with Pseudomonas monteilii Strain
Authors: Shaima T. C. , Ajisha M. , Menon Soumya V. , Kunhi A. A. Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Bulk production and widespread end use of cresol isomers in various industrial processes result in their ubiquitous presence in the environment. Cresols are highly toxic to both fauna and flora and are included in the list of priority pollutants. This study presents the effect of o-cresol on germination of 10 different vegetable crop seeds as tested by the standard Filter Paper Method. The seeds of eggplant and long-podded cowpea were found to be highly sensitive. The most sensitive eggplant seeds were subjected to further studies in soil. Germination percentage and the seedling vigor were drastically reduced in the presence of o-cresol even at a concentration as low as 50 mg kg−1 soil. A number of abnormalities in the seedlings such as stunted root and shoot growth, non-emergence of primary leaves, and negative geotropic growth were observed. Standard 2, 3, 5-tetrazoliumtrichloride test showed marked reduction in the viability of eggplant seeds proportionate to the concentration of o-cresol (0 through 200 mg L−1) they were exposed to, which reached zero at 175 mg o-cresol L−1, indicating the inhibition of the respiratory enzymes of the seeds. Contrary to earlier reports on the effect of phenolics on the hydrolytic enzymes of germinating seeds, in the present case an enhanced activity of amylase was observed in the presence of o-cresol (50 and 150 mg kg−1 soil), whereas the protease activity was partially inhibited at higher concentration. The inhibition of seed germination by o-cresol was revoked by bioaugmentation of the soil with the cresol-degrading Pseudomonas monteilii S-CSR-0014 (2.3 x 108 CFU g−1 wet soil) enabling normal seed germination and seedling growth. The inoculated bacterium degraded 50 and 150 mg o-cresol kg−1 soil efficiently, with concomitant growth. It can be concluded that by bacterial bioaugmentation of o-cresol-contaminated soils the inhibition of germination of crop seeds could be eliminated effectively enabling healthy seedling growth.
On the Identication of Coecient and Source Parameters in Elliptic Systems Modelled with Many Boundary Values Problems
Authors: Roberty Nilson C.
Published: March 2021

The inverse problem for determination of parameters related to the support and/or functions describing the intensity of coefficient and sources in models based strongly elliptic second order systems is posed with Cauchy data over specification at boundary. This stablish a set of various boundary value problems associated with the same group of unknown parameters. A Lipschitz boundary dissection is used for decomposing each Cauchy data into pairs of complementary mixed boundary values problems. The concept of Calderon projector is introduced as a tool to check the consistency of the Cauchy data and to demonstrate the equivalence of these two problems. This lets you define a discrepancy function to measure the distance between the solutions of problems obtained by dissecting Lipschitz Cauchy data. This discrepancy appears as a consequence of inadequate parameters values in the constitutive relations. For Cauchy noisy data, the difference between these solutions would be small if the parameters used in the solution are correct. The methodology we propose explores concepts as Lipschitz Boundary Dissection, Complementary Mixed Problems with trial parameters and Internal Discrepancy fields. Differentiable and non-differentiable optimizations algorithms can then be used in the reconstruction of these parameters simultaneously. Numerical experiments are presented.
Genotoxic Effect of Arsenate and Arsenite in Human HaCat Cells in Culture Using Comet Assay
Authors: Benhusein Ghazalla , Mutch Elaine , Williams Faith M.
Published: March 2021

Arsenic is an environmental chemical of toxicological concern today since it is a human genotoxin and chronic exposure is associated with development of cancers, including skin. Inorganic arsenate is metabolically reduced to arsenite by glutathione (GSH) prior to methylation. The aim of this study was to determine the relative toxic effects of arsenate and arsenite in HaCat cells (immortalized human keratinocytes) in vitro by measuring cytotoxicity, DNA damage, depletion of glutathione and apoptotic and necrotic events. HaCat cells were treated with arsenate and arsenite (10 μM) for DNA damage detection using Comet assay and cytotoxicity (10, 60 and 100 μM) all measured at 24 hr. In some experiment arsenate or arsenite (10 μM) was added at the same time as BSO 10 μM for 24 hr, and GSH levels were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Flow cytometry was used to investigate apoptotic and necrotic events following arsenate and arsenite (10 μM) treatment for 24 hr. Arsenate and arsenite at 60 and 100 μM, but not 10 μM, reduced the number of adherent viable cells with time. Therefore, DNA damage could only be measured at 10 μM as at higher concentrations the cells did not produce classical Comets but showed fragmentation. DNA damage was significantly (p < 0.001) increased in cells treated for 24 hr with 10 μM arsenate and arsenite compared to control. GSH levels were significantly increased in HaCat cells treated with10 μM arsenate and arsenite (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively) compared to control. Cells treated with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) at the same time as arsenate had increased GSH levels (p < 0.001), but arsenite and BSO did not increase cellular GSH. Arsenate and arsenite increased apoptosis, and arsenate increased necrosis, although none of the values reached statistical significance. Arsenite was more cytotoxic than arsenate. Arsenate and arsenite are known to produce oxidative stress involving ROS formation and depletion of glutathione. The increase in GSH levels at low doses of arsenate and arsenite, and by arsenate even in the presence of BSO.
Postmenopausal Bleeding with an Accidental Discovery of an Ovarian Strumal Carcinoid Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Ibrahim Eman M. , El Ashwah Salma S. , El-Saeed Fatma I. , Halim Hosam A. F. , Halim Amal A. F.
Published: March 2021

Aim: Ovarian strumal carcinoid is a tumor formed of thyroid tissue and carcinoid elements. It represents less than 2% of all ovarian tumors and less than 5% of mature teratomas. Physicians in many lacations may not be aware about this pathology.

Presentation of Case: A multiparous 78-year-old woman presented    by postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. The abdomen& pelvic sonar detected   atrophied endometrium and a right adnexal mass      with mixed echogenicity and increased blood flow, a finding that was confirmed later with a pelvic MRI which revealed a well-defined mass of abnormal signal at the right adnexa showing cystic changes contacting anteriorly the related intestinal loops and the urinary bladder, while contacting posteriorly the recto-sigmoid.  It measured8x6x6cm. Biopsy revealed atypical epithelial proliferation.  CA125 was 90KU/L (normal range,0-35KU/L) while the levels of CEA, CA19-9 and alpha feto protein were normal. After discussion with the family, exploratory hysterectomy and bilateral salpingioophorectomy, along with omentectomy, peritoneal washing and peritoneal sampling were performed. Grossly, the right ovary was    largely occupied by an ovoid mass (9cmx6cmx2 cm). The tumor was staged as IA according to AJCC 2010. Histological examination of the adnexal mass revealed admixture of benign thyroid tissue and tumor tissue formed of trabeculae & nests of monotonous round cells. Such cells showed positivity for thyroglobulin, synaptophysin, chromogranin and low positivity for ki67 and so a diagnosis of   strumal carcinoid tumor was documented. The patient was set to a close follow up. The last follow up was at August 2020 and was satisfactory.

Discussion and conclusion: Strumal carcinoids are rare. Pelvic sonar and CA125 are not specific diagnostic tools. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any ovarian mass. The disease usually presents at an   early stage.
Financially Sustainable Families: Integrated Social Work Praxis
Authors: Sachin B. S. , Saravana K. , Rajashekar C. , Ramesh B.
Published: March 2021

Financial life of a family is very crucial. However less importance is given for financial literacy among structural rural poor, hence the interventional study was taken up to address the gap with Social Work Intervention. The researcher proposed In-Basket technique (one of the technique practiced in Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)) to spread financial literacy. The Present study was interventional in nature hence, Single Subject Research design (AB Model) was adopted to assess baseline and intervention phases of level of financial anxiety among families. Three structural poor families were chosen for study in Kunte village.Nelamangala block, Bengaluru rural District, Baseline assessment was done by using structured Financial Anxiety Assessment scale, Intervention was done by using In-basket technique. Considerable changes found after intervention in the level of financial anxiety of the family members.
Noncompressible Hemostasis and Bone Regeneration Induced by an Absorbable Bioadhesive Self‐Healing Hydrogel
Authors: Huang Weijuan , Cheng Shi , Wang Xiaolan , Zhang Yu , Chen Lingyun , Zhang Lina
Published: March 2021

Bone bleeding and bone defects arising from trauma or bone tumor resection pose a great threat to patients and they are challenging problems to orthopedic surgeons. Traditional hemostatic materials are not suitable for bone fractures where compression cannot be applied, neither are they effective during surgeries where large amounts of body fluids prevent them from adhering to the large and irregular bone wound sites. This research introduces a catechol‐conjugated chitosan (CHI‐C) multi‐functional hydrogel with adhesion, self‐healing, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and blood cell coagulation capacity. The hydrogel can be injected into internal and irregular bleeding sites and bone defective areas, and then rapidly self‐heals (within 2 min) to an integrated hydrogel that fully fills the defective sites and strongly sticks to bleeding areas in the presence of body fluids during surgery. In vivo experiments using a rabbit ilium bone defect model demonstrate quick hemostasis after the hydrogel is applied and the blood loss is only ¼ compared to the untreated injuries. In addition, the bone regeneration is not interfered by the hydrogel and the bone defect is no longer visible with disappearance of the hydrogel after 4 weeks. This multi‐functional hydrogel is potentially valuable for clinical applications towards tissue adhesion, hemostasis, and bone regeneration.
Tantalum‐Palladium: Hysteresis‐Free Optical Hydrogen Sensor Over 7 Orders of Magnitude in Pressure with Sub‐Second Response
Authors: Bannenberg Lars , Schreuders Herman , Dam Bernard
Published: March 2021

Hydrogen detection in a reliable, fast, and cost‐effective manner is a prerequisite for the large‐scale implementation of hydrogen in a green economy. Thin film Ta1−yPdy is presented as an effective optical sensing material with extremely wide sensing ranges covering at least 7 orders of magnitude in hydrogen pressure. Nanoconfinement of the Ta1−yPdy layer suppresses the first‐order phase transitions present in bulk and ensures a sensing response free of any hysteresis. Unlike other sensing materials, Ta1−yPdy features the special property that the sensing range can be easily tuned by varying the Pd concentration without a reduction of the sensitivity of the sensing material. Combined with a suitable capping layer, sub‐second response times can be achieved even at room temperature, faster than any other known thin‐film hydrogen sensor.
In Vivo Printing of Nanoenabled Scaffolds for the Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Injuries
Authors: Quint Jacob P. , Mostafavi Azadeh , Endo Yori , Panayi Adriana , Russell Carina S. , Nourmahnad Atousa , Wiseman Chris , Abbasi Laleh , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Sheikhi Amir , Nuutila Kristo , Sinha Indranil , Tamayol Ali
Published: March 2021

Extremity skeletal muscle injuries result in substantial disability. Current treatments fail to recoup muscle function, but properly designed and implemented tissue engineering and regenerative medicine techniques can overcome this challenge. In this study, a nanoengineered, growth factor‐eluting bioink that utilizes Laponite nanoclay for the controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a GelMA hydrogel for a supportive and adhesive scaffold that can be crosslinked in vivo is presented. The bioink is delivered with a partially automated handheld printer for the in vivo formation of an adhesive and 3D scaffold. The effect of the controlled delivery of VEGF alone or paired with adhesive, supportive, and fibrilar architecture has not been studied in volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries. Upon direct in vivo printing, the constructs are adherent to skeletal muscle and sustained release of VEGF. The in vivo printing of muscle ink in a murine model of VML injury promotes functional muscle recovery, reduced fibrosis, and increased anabolic response compared to untreated mice. The in vivo construction of a therapeutic‐eluting 3D scaffold paves the way for the immediate treatment of a variety of soft tissue traumas.
Hypoxic Tumor Radiosensitization Using Engineered Probiotics
Authors: Huang Chunyu , Wang Fu‐Bing , Liu Lei , Jiang Wei , Liu Wei , Ma Wang , Zhao Huan
Published: March 2021

Owing to their ability to rapidly proliferate in specific niches and their amenability to genetic manipulation, bacteria are frequently studied as potential diagnostic or therapeutic bioagents in a range of pathological contexts. A sustained oxygen supply within solid tumors is essential in order to achieve positive radiotherapy (RT) outcomes, as these intratumoral oxygen levels are necessary to facilitate RT‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, a genetically engineered variant of the tumor‐targeting probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 bacteria that secret catalase is utilized to alleviate intratumoral hypoxia and to thereby enhance tumor radiosensitivity. These engineered bacteria are able to facilitate robust O2 evolution and consequent ROS generation in response to X‐ray irradiation both in vitro and in vivo, significantly inhibiting tumor growth. Overall, the study highlights a novel and practical approach to enhance the efficacy of tumor RT, underscoring the value of future research in the field of probiotic medicine.
Thioether‐Polymer Coating for Colloidal Stabilization of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Lutz Johanna , Albrecht Krystyna , Groll Jürgen
Published: March 2021

Enhancing the colloidal stability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is crucial to maintain their unique properties allowing broad application of these NPs. Stabilization of AgNPs is usually achieved by surface modification with thiol containing polymers showing limitations owing to the nucleophilic and oxidative character, whereas chemical inert thioethers have so far received little attention. Herein, AgNPs coated with mono‐ and multivalent thiol‐ and thioether polymers are prepared to systematically investigate the adsorption kinetics onto the silver surface as well as the colloidal stability after exposure to different conditions relevant for biomedical application, such as freeze‐drying and treatment under physiological conditions. Although the thioether polymers show a slower immobilization onto AgNPs, the same or mostly even better stabilization is exhibited than for the thiol analogs. In addition, the polymer surface coverage and the polymeric arrangement of these polymers on AgNPs are calculated, as they supposedly influence the stability.