bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Linearity Incremental Ensemble Learning Based Depth Explorations of Latent Individual Contributions
Authors: Deng Xiaozheng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Mao Shasha , Liu Peng
Published: February 2025

In ensemble learning, individual accuracy and diversities are two key factors for improving the ensemble performance, and most existing methods have been designed from the view of boosting individual diversities. Whereas stronger individual diversities inevitably result in decreasing accuracies of partial individuals, it brings a great challenge for improving the ensemble performance. In fact, we observe that the contribution of individuals should be a crucial factor for ensemble learning, which can effectively alleviate the problem of balancing diversity and accuracy, but it is ignored in most existing studies. Based on this, we propose a new incremental non‐linearity deep ensemble learning method that effectively combines multiple individuals based on the exploration of individual contributions by utilizing deep learning. In the proposed method, a characterization matrix is first constructed to represent the original individuals. Then, a deep ensemble network is constructed to explore the potential contribution of individuals in conjunction with the optimization objective of ensemble learning. Interestingly, a special layer is designed to achieve the minimization of ensemble error. Finally, experimental results on public datasets illustrate that the proposed method achieves the average 0.66–4.8% performance improvements compared to existing typical ensemble methods.
Silver Nanoparticles Seed Priming for Sustainable Enhancement of Durum Wheat Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Enrichment
Authors: Al Salama Yasser , Alghoraibi Ibrahim , Zein Raghad , Alsouse Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Achieving food security stands as a primary challenge confronting global societies today. This necessitates the development of effective strategies to increase crop productivity and enhance their specifications, aiming to meet the growing market demands sustainably and efficiently. This research was conducted over two agricultural seasons and emphasizes the ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to promote the growth and productivity of durum wheat (variety Sham 7) cultivated under the conservative conditions of Deir ez‐Zor. The wheat seeds were soaked before planting with a colloidal suspension of AgNPs, prepared through an eco‐friendly method utilizing an aqueous extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves. The best plant morphological indicators (plant height, chlorophyl content, number of branches, and number of spikes) were observed when colloidal AgNPs were used as a soaking solution compared with silver nitrate (AgNO3)and deionized (DI) water as a control. The highest productivity parameters (grain yield, straw yield, and 1000‐grain weight) were obtained when seeds were soaked in 40 ppm of AgNPs. Furthermore, the results revealed an increase in the nutrient content of grain (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). This study offers valuable insights into the prospective use of AgNPs for significant improvement in wheat cultivation, increasing productivity, and improving crop quality. As a contribution to facing future challenges in the field of agriculture and ensuring sustainable food security.
Well-differentiated Adenocarcinoma Arising from Gastric Cystica Profunda Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Cao , Liu Jiang
Published: February 2025

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is a rare disease that is often observed at the stoma site of patients undergoing
gastric surgery. Specific symptoms are often lacking, making it difficult to diagnose. GCP may
develop into cancer. Endoscopic resection is a good method to reduce surgical injury, and the
therapeutic effect depends on the status of the primary disease.

The patient was a 77-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital for repeated
epigastric distention. The man had never undergone gastric surgery and did not have Helicobacter pylori infection. Physical and laboratory tests showed no
abnormality. Computed tomography showed no significant abnormality. Endoscopy revealed
multiple ulcers on the posterior wall of the gastric body, but biopsy showed no evidence of
malignancy. The patient subsequently underwent ESD surgery with a lesion of 1.5 cm×2.3 cm.
Pathological results showed the cystic dilatation of gastric glands in the submucosa, with
some well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The final diagnosis was GCP with well-differentiated
gastric adenocarcinoma.

Herein, we describe a case of ESD therapy for GCP with well-differentiated gastric
adenocarcinoma. When gastric mucosal lesions are difficult to diagnose, further treatment and
diagnosis with EMR or ESD can be considered. For patients with early gastric cancer, long-term
postoperative monitoring should be carried out.
Aktueller Stand zur Reform der Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ) und Veranstaltung des BDDH auf der 69. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung (GTH) in Lausanne 2025
Authors: Koscielny Jürgen , Kappert Günther , Sucker Christoph
Published: February 2025

Aktueller Stand zur Reform der Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ)

Nach langwierigen und gründlichen Verhandlungen wurde, auch wieder mit dem Vorstand der GTH, der neue Änderungsvertrag mit dem VDEK verabschiedet und ist sofort abschließbar. Nachfolgend finden Sie die wichtigsten Änderungen, auch bezüglich der ambulanten Gentherapie der Hämophilie:
GTH 2025 ARTE: The Art in Science – Curiosity and Creativity
Authors: Albisetti Manuela , Alberio Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

The 2025 Annual Congress of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH) takes its inspiration from ARTE—Advances, Research, Technology, and Education in the field of thrombosis and hemostasis. The numerous scientific contributions of the congress highlight the most recent progresses in this field, and reveal the profound connection between the rigor of science and the beauty of human creativity. ARTE, the Italian word for “art,” refers to the deep synergy existing between analytical precision and imaginative expression, which is vividly reflected in this year's contributions to our themed congress issue.
The Use of DOACs in Pediatrics: Current Therapeutic and Prophylactic Indications, Cardiac Indications, and Real-World Evidence—A Review
Authors: Bosch Alessandra , Olivieri Martin , Holzhauer Susanne
Published: February 2025

Based on clinical trials that have been conducted and published in the past decade, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly being used as an antithrombotic treatment in children with venous thrombotic events and to prevent thrombotic events in children at risk. In this review, current indications and standards for the initiation of DOACs in children are summarized for the treatment of venous thrombotic events and for the primary and secondary prevention in children at risk of developing thromboses based on the published randomized controlled trials (RCT). Similarly, indications for DOACs in children with underlying cardiac disease are portrayed based on RCT findings. Lastly, available real-world data are reviewed for the use of DOACs in pediatric patients with a focus on patients at higher risk of both thrombosis and bleeding who were primarily excluded from the RCTs. DOACs contribute largely to the evolving individualization of care of thrombotic events in children, but at-risk patient populations remain underrepresented regarding DOAC experience, such as preterm infants, and children with severe renal or hepatic disease. Real-world data from observational studies and registries will continue to be necessary to establish DOACs' effectiveness and safety in children in everyday clinical use.
Basic Concepts and Indications of CAR T Cells
Authors: van den Berg Jana , Läubli Heinz , Khanna Nina , Jeker Lukas T. , Holbro Andreas
Published: February 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, particularly for hematological malignancies. This personalized approach is based on genetically engineering T cells derived from the patient to target antigens expressed—among others—on malignant cells. Nowadays they offer new hope where conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation, have often failed. Since the first FDA approval in 2017, CAR T cell therapy has rapidly expanded, proving highly effective against previously refractory diseases with otherwise a dismal outcome. Despite its promise, CAR T cell therapy continues to face significant challenges, including complex manufacturing, the management of toxicities, resistance mechanisms that impact long-term efficacy, and limited access as well as high costs, which continue to shape ongoing research and clinical applications. This review aims to provide an overview of CAR T cell therapy, including its fundamental concepts, clinical applications, current challenges, and future directions in hematological malignancies.
5-Fluorouracil Applications in Facial Plastic Surgery: Indications, Clinical Outcomes, and Safety – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bogari Ahmad , Alshehri Naif , Alrabiah Hamad F. , Binghaith Abdullah , AlOsaimi Khalid , Aldhwaihy Lulu , Baghazal Alaa , Bogari Hassan , Jomah Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Introduction
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an adjunct therapeutic agent in facial plastic surgery, treating hypertrophic scars, keloids, granulomas, contractures, and thickened nasal skin. It reduces scars, enhances aesthetics, and improves function with a favorable safety profile. This systematic review evaluates the evidence for 5-FU use in facial aesthetics.

Methods
Comprehensive searches in MEDLINE, Cochrane, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science identified studies on 5-FU in facial aesthetics.

Results
From 4,772 articles, 32 studies (1,456 patients) met criteria. Indications included keloids, hypertrophic scars, and contractures (18 studies); periocular scars (6); granulomas (4); nasal skin thickening (1); infections (1); resistant warts (1); and hypochromic lesions (1). Most studies reported improvements in scar dimensions and erythema. Combination therapies and innovative delivery methods enhanced outcomes with minimal side effects.

Conclusion
Findings support 5-FU as a safe, minimally invasive therapy, achieving aesthetic and functional goals. However, standardized protocols and long-term studies are needed.
Angulated Cephalic Strip Flap in Lateral Crura Reduction: A Scroll Area Preservation Technique in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Generalow Andre , Kovacevic Milos , Stigger Theresia , Kofler Barbara
Published: February 2025

In nasal tip surgery, achieving both functional and aesthetic results is crucial. Several complications, such as alar retraction or weakening of the internal nasal valve (INV), are associated with the “classical” cephalic trim. To prevent complications in nasal tip surgery a horizontal reduction of the lateral crus (LC) using a cephalic hinged flap while preserving the scroll area is described. In 138 patients with bulbous tips, a modification of the hinged flap, the angulated cephalic strip flap (ACSF), was performed during open septorhinoplasty. The cephalic portion of the lower lateral cartilage was superficially incised without separation, preserving the scroll area. The anterior-cephalic triangle of the cephalic portion was resected to facilitate tip sutures and avoid cartilage duplication in the new dome area and hereby creation of additional, undesired volume. The cephalic part was folded inferiorly and anchored with a single fixation suture. Additionally, a fixation with a suture in the scroll area should be performed to strengthen the cranial border of the LC to prevent flap displacement and warping of lower lateral cartilage, particularly in thin-skin patients where the healing forces are significantly stronger. In all 138 patients, a satisfactory postoperative result was achieved, with improved aesthetic and functional outcomes for the nasal tip. The ACSF facilitated tip suturing in all patients after resection of the anterior-cephalic triangle. No revision related to this technique was required, and no narrowing of the INV was observed.
Telemedicine consultations in community hospitals improve neonatal encephalopathy assessment
Authors: Cutler Anya , Seften Leah , Craig Alexa
Published: February 2025

Objective: We aimed to determine if the implementation of teleconsults in the community hospital would decrease time to initiation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH).
Methods: We compared neonates treated with TH prior to implementation of the teleconsult program (pre-tele) to those treated after (post-tele) for the outcomes of time to initiation of TH, seizures and death/severe injury on brain MRI. We controlled for confounders using multivariable linear and logistic regression models.
Results: There were 52 pre-tele neonates and 49 post-tele who were all born in community hospitals and treated with TH. Mothers in the post-tele group were older and had higher rates of gestational diabetes. Fewer neonates with mild encephalopathy were cooled in the post-tele period (13 (25.0%) pre-tele versus 2 (4.1%) post-tele).
After controlling for gestational diabetes, maternal age, and severity of encephalopathy, there was no difference in time to TH initiation (p = 0.445), brain injury or death (p = 0.136), or seizure (p = 0.433) between the pre- and post-tele groups. In sub-analysis of the post-tele group, time to initiation was 4.50 hours (3.75, 5.00) for those with teleconsults versus 3.25 (2.12, 4.00) hours (p=0.007) for those without.
Conclusion: When comparing pre- to post-tele groups, teleconsults in the community hospital did not significantly change the time to initiate TH or result in more adverse short-term outcomes of seizures or death/brain injury. In sub-analysis of the post-tele group, teleconsults did result in delayed initiation of TH but also possible improved patient selection with fewer mildly encephalopathic neonates treated.
Alternative theories of COVID-19: social dimensions and information sources
Authors: Shrum Wesley , Miller Paige , Asiamah Nana Osei , Zou Fangyue
Published: February 2025

While scientific understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic increased, conspiracy theories undermined the foundations of public health policy, making it significantly more difficult both to discuss and to implement. Popular alternative narratives include the claim that government was using restrictions to control people's behavior, and that the pandemic was caused by 5G cellular technology. We examine the extent to which alternative beliefs were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and the sources through which people acquired information during the pandemic. Our analysis uses a demographically balanced online survey of 10,022 participants from 50 US states, collected during August of 2021. Results indicate that those holding alternative theories tended to be right leaning, religious, young, male, and unvaccinated individuals. Sources of information were also strong predictors of such beliefs, specifically the extent to which social media were considered reliable.
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery system for lidocaine could also aid cancer therapies
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: February 2025

With its prolonged release and inhibition of cell replication, the synthesized nanomaterial shows promise across medicine from oncology to chronic wound healing.
Reaction-in-flight neutrons as a diagnostic for hydrodynamical mixing in double shell inertial confinement fusion capsules
Authors: Hayes A. C. , Martin J. D. , Jungman G. , Montgomery D. , Colgan J. , Fontes C. J. , Rusev G. , Geppert-Kleinrath H. , Wilhelmy J. B. , Loomis E. , Kot L. , Batha S. , Sauppe J. , Lonardoni D. , Jeet J. , Hartouni E. , Schlossberg D. , Velsko C.
Published: February 2025

We examine reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons as diagnostics for hydrodynamical mixing of high-Z shell material into the hotspot of double shell capsules that are designed for the National Ignition Facility. In particular, we consider the effects of different levels of mixing of tungsten shell material into the DT gas on RIF spectra. Using a set of 1D simulations from the radiation hydrodynamic code xRAGE to determine the temperature and density profiles of the mixed W-DT gas, we find that increasing the mass of mix systematically reduces the ratio of RIF neutrons to primary 14 MeV neutrons. The shape of the RIF spectrum also changes with mix, with the predicted spectrum softening in energy with increasing mix.
Analysis methodology of coherent oscillations in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Gauthier Nicolas , Soifer Hadas , Sobota Jonathan A. , Pfau Heike , Sie Edbert J. , Lindenberg Aaron M. , Shen Zhi-Xun , Kirchmann Patrick S.
Published: February 2025

Oscillatory signals from coherently excited phonons are regularly observed in ultrafast pump–probe experiments on condensed matter samples. Electron–phonon coupling implies that coherent phonons also modulate the electronic band structure. These oscillations can be probed with energy and momentum resolution using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES), which reveals the orbital dependence of the electron–phonon coupling for a specific phonon mode. However, a comprehensive analysis remains challenging when multiple coherent phonon modes couple to multiple electronic bands. Complex spectral line shapes due to strong correlations in quantum materials add to this challenge. In this work, we examine how the frequency domain representation of trARPES data facilitates a quantitative analysis of coherent oscillations of the electronic bands. We investigate the frequency domain representation of the photoemission intensity and the first moment of the energy distribution curves. Both quantities provide complementary information and are able to distinguish oscillations of binding energy, linewidth, and intensity. We analyze a representative trARPES dataset of the transition metal dichalcogenide WTe2 and construct composite spectra, which intuitively illustrate how much each electronic band is affected by a specific phonon mode. We also show how a linearly chirped probe pulse can generate extrinsic artifacts that are distinct from the intrinsic coherent phonon signal.
Verification that electrons are isothermal and protons adiabatic for ion-acoustic waves in unmagnetized collisionless PIC simulation plasma
Authors: Dieckmann M. E. , François M. , Ribeyre X. , d'Humieres E.
Published: February 2025

Ion acoustic waves in collisionless plasma have a phase speed determined by the adiabatic constants of electrons and protons. Typically, the isothermal equation of state is assumed for electrons, resulting in an adiabatic constant γe=1, while the adiabatic equation of state with one degree of freedom is applied to protons, yielding γp=3. This selection has been experimentally validated in plasmas with hot electrons and cool ions. Here, we investigate whether this remains true in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which generally exhibit noise levels significantly higher than those in real plasma. By comparing the power spectrum of simulation noise to the thermal noise spectrum and the dispersion relation of ion acoustic waves, we confirm that γe=1 and γp=3 are good approximations for the adiabatic constants that determine dispersive properties of ion acoustic waves in unmagnetized PIC simulation plasma with proton temperatures well below the electron temperature.
A new interaction potential for Cl−, Li+, Na+, and Ca+2 in methanol solutions using the scaled charges concept
Authors: González-Salgado D. , Vega C.
Published: February 2025

The Madrid-2019 intermolecular potential was developed for use in molecular simulations of salty aqueous solutions. The selection of the accurate TIP4P/2005 potential for water and the adoption of scaled charges for ions, ±0.85e for monovalent ions and ±1.70e for divalent ions, are the key features of the model. The use of scaled charges enhances the description of several properties, including solubility, transport properties, the density maximum, and the water activity in ionic solutions. In this study, we will investigate the performance of scaled charges in describing the properties of inorganic salts containing Cl−, Li+, Na+, and Ca+2 in another polar solvent, methanol. The ion charges and ion–ion interactions were taken from the Madrid-2019 potential, while the accurate OPLS/2016 model was selected for methanol. The protocol used in the development of the Madrid-2019 model, particularly regarding the selection of target properties in the fitting procedure, was applied to create this potential using LiCl, NaCl, and CaCl2 as inorganic salts. Its predictive ability was evaluated by calculating the density, dielectric constant, self-diffusion coefficients of methanol and ions, and viscosity for methanolic solutions of these three salts. As will be shown, the experimentally observed effects of salt addition are reproduced by the new model, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. Furthermore, since the interaction potential is compatible with the Madrid-2019 model, we also demonstrated its accurate predictive ability in the ternary system methanol + water + NaCl.
Impact of disorder on the exciton dynamics of an open quantum battery
Authors: Khodadad Zohreh , Tarabishi Jalal , Hanna Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Quantum batteries (QBs) have garnered attention as candidates for energy storage devices due to their inherent quantum advantages over classical electrochemical batteries. However, owing to the vulnerability of quantum resources to disorder, the ability of a charged QB to effectively store and discharge energy may be adversely affected by mechanical motions, thermal fluctuations, impurities, and defects in the QB. In this connection, we study the effects of (i) Gaussian static disorder, Gaussian white noise, and Gaussian colored noise in the onsite energies and electronic couplings and (ii) periodic oscillations in the electronic couplings on the exciton storage efficiency and exciton discharge rate of an open excitonic QB model—an open quantum system that stores and discharges excitons. To efficiently average over the many possible noise realizations, we employ an accurate mixed quantum–classical dynamics method that treats the QB quantum mechanically and the thermal baths in a classical-like way. The results reveal that the exciton storage efficiency decreases as the disorder strength increases, with static disorder causing the largest reductions followed by colored noise and white noise. In contrast, the exciton discharge rate remains mainly unaffected by the different types of disorder, even under very strong disorders. Moreover, depending on the model parameters, the incorporation of periodic oscillations into the electronic couplings could either enhance, have no significant effect on, or decrease the exciton discharge rate. Overall, our study elucidates the effects of different types of disorder and inter-site vibrations on the exciton dynamics in a charged QB, thereby shedding light on the importance of environmental noise engineering and mitigation in open QBs.
Difference between dynamic and hydrostatic pressure-induced phase transition behaviors of ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Ge Mingyue , Feng Qiu , Xiong Zhengwei , Zhou Zhangyang , Gao Zhipeng
Published: February 2025

PZT95/5 is a widely used ferroelectric material renowned for its exceptional ferroelectric properties, making it a crucial component in pulsed power systems and advanced devices. The phase transition behavior of ferroelectric ceramics under compression is vital for the effective design of materials and devices. The phase transition processes in these ceramics differ significantly between static and dynamic compression, presenting a long-standing controversy in the field. This study investigates the phase transition of PZT95/5 under dynamic shock compression using a shock response model. The findings indicate that the dynamic phase transition begins at lower pressures and completes at higher pressures compared to hydrostatic conditions, resulting in a broader pressure range for the phase transition. Theoretical modeling, grounded in ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects, combined with one-dimensional uniaxial stress density functional theory calculations across various orientations and three-dimensional Python visualizations, clarifies the physical mechanisms driving the progressive phase transition of ceramics under dynamic conditions. Additionally, the dynamic phase transition ratio of the ferroelectric material is quantified. Under hydrostatic pressures, the phase transition is independent of grain orientation, resulting in consistent transition pressures across all directions. In contrast, under anisotropic stress, grains with different orientations exhibit varying sensitivity to pressures, leading to distinct transition pressures in each direction. These insights advance the understanding of the phase transition mechanisms governing ferroelectric ceramics under both static and dynamic pressures.
Acoustic non-Hermitian higher-order topological bound states in the continuum
Authors: Fan Haiyan , Gao He , Liu Tuo , An Shuowei , Zhu Yifan , Zhang Hui , Zhu Jie , Su Zhongqing
Published: February 2025

Recently, the concept of bound states in the continuum (BICs) has been extended to topological physics, inspiring investigations into higher-order topological BICs (TBICs) and related ultra-strong wave localization, which not only enriches the realm of topological physics but also bestows the BICs with inherent topological protection. However, previous explorations toward higher-order TBICs have been limited to the Hermitian assumption, omitting the nonconservative characteristics present in many artificial materials. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an acoustic lattice model supporting higher-order TBICs that solely rely on non-Hermiticity, in which the non-Hermiticity is implemented by strategically applying additional loss to specific sites in the lattice. Importantly, these in-band corner states are protected by chiral symmetry and can be spectrally switched by introducing perturbations to the corner sites or couplings. Our findings highlight the distinctive role of non-Hermiticity in constructing higher-order TBICs, which may inspire sophisticated and externally tunable approaches for designing high-Q devices in wave-based technologies.
A novel in situ detection method for lithium plating thickness in pouch cell
Authors: Shang Xiaoji , Wu Han , Zhang Zhizhen , Kang Xuan , Li Wei , Zhang Zetian , Liu Qi
Published: February 2025

Lithium plating on the surface of anode electrodes poses significant hazards to cell performance. Lithium deposition not only leads to thickness growth and cell swelling but also promotes the formation of lithium dendrites, which can penetrate the cell's separator. However, thickness changes serve as an accurate indicator for detecting lithium plating in cells. This study aims to precisely monitor the state of lithium plating by tracking thickness changes. An experimental in situ swelling monitor with a resolution of 0.1 μm is developed to detect cell swelling without requiring the disassembly of the cell during normal operation. A lithium cobalt oxide pouch cell is then tested under various ambient temperatures and charging rates using this setup. The precise conditions for lithium plating, including specific temperature, state of charge, voltage, and capacity, are identified. Furthermore, a multi-physics coupled equation system for lithium dendrite formation is proposed to align with the experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that higher currents accelerate lithium plating due to increased polarization, with a dendrite window under charge rate 1C and state of charge (SOC) = 16%. Additionally, lithium dendrites are more likely to form during high-rate charging at low temperatures, with approximately 5% of lithium ions contributing to dendrite formation, with a dendrite window under temperature 0 °C and SOC = 27%. In a summary, thickness detection is a valid method to unveiling the dendrite state inside the battery.
Transforming semitransparent organic photovoltaics into catalysts for positive emotional responses
Authors: Wu Zonghao , Yu Jiangsheng , Wu Wenxiao , Zhao Zhenzhen , Ma Siqi , Shi Beibei , Shi Rui , Liu Xin , Chen Yuguo , Ji Ziwu , Chen Feng , Hao Xiaotao , Li Gang , Yin Hang
Published: February 2025

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs), due to their transparency, can be integrated into building designs through building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) to address the energy challenges posed by urbanization. While current BIPVs such as photovoltaic windows meet the criteria for both the power supply and urban esthetics, a crucial aspect remains underexplored in the existing research: the human experience under such modulated sunlight. In this study, we conduct a systematic analysis of the interaction between spectrally tunable ST-OPV materials and human cognition and emotion, proposing a framework for selecting user-friendly ST-OPVs. Our results reveal that predominant high-performance donor polymer materials negatively influence user emotions. To address this issue, we employed spectrum shaping optical structures to optimize the device transmittance and color rendering properties, to achieve desirable human emotion feedback. This groundbreaking study delves into the user experience of ST-OPV devices, playing a crucial role in addressing the energy demands of urbanization and paving the way for the realization of smart, sustainable, and healthy cities.
Emerging properties of the two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO3/TiO2 heterointerfaces on piezoelectric 0.7PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–0.3PbTiO3 substrates
Authors: Yan Hong , Zhang Zhaoting , Lim Zhi Shiuh , Zeng Shengwei , Yun Jijun , Wang Shuanhu , Zhang Yupu , Jin Kexin
Published: February 2025

Understanding and controlling the emergent electronic transport properties at interfaces of oxides has been a major issue in condensed matter physics for both fundamental science and technological applications. In this work, we report a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the interfaces of amorphous-LaAlO3/TiO2 (a-LAO/TiO2) thin film heterostructures on piezoelectric 0.7PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–0.3PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) substrates, where the conductive layer is about 2.48 nm. The Kondo behaviors below 50 K are observed depending on TiO2 thickness. In addition, unique negative magnetoresistance (MR) and asymmetry planar angular MR imply the presence of Rashba spin–orbit interactions. Furthermore, the electric-field-controlled hysteresis loop-like resistance changes were obtained in a-LAO/TiO2/PMN–PT heterostructures. A resistance enhancement of ∼8% at room temperature was achieved at an electric field of −1 kV/cm, which indicates that such 2DEG is rather sensitive to the strain in the TiO2 layer. Thus, this work creates a path to exploring the physics of low-dimensional oxide electronics and nonvolatile memory and logic devices.
Differences between barley and maize revealed in limitations of photosystems I and II under high temperature and low air humidity
Authors: Lysenko Eugene A.
Published: February 2025

Non-photochemical quenching and limitations of the photosystem I and photosystem II activities were studied in C3-plant barley and C4-plant maize. Plants were exposed to prolonged heat stress under high and low air humidity. Both species decreased non-photochemical quenching at 37–42°C, which increased at 46°C. A decrease of photosystem II activity at 46°C in lower air humidity was achieved through different mechanisms. In barley, photosystem II was downregulated by the increase of non-photochemical quenching. In maize, photosystem II was downregulated by the increase of acceptor-side limitation. Analysis of transients also revealed differences between species. One second after a light induction, limitations flashes at the acceptor sides of both photosystems. Elevating the temperature decreased these flashes; acceptor-side limitations of both photosystems decreased proportional to each other. In maize, the size of flashes slightly diminished at 37°C and decreased more at 42–46°C. In barley, the size of flashes greatly decreased at 37°C and gradually returned to the control level under higher temperatures. Around photosystem II, the flash was quenched by a burst of non-photochemical quenching. In barley, the transient peaks of acceptor-side limitation and non-photochemical quenching were very similar at any temperature. This was not observed in maize.
New Asian pseudoscorpions improve the phylogenetic resolution of Garypinoidea (Pseudoscorpiones)
Authors: Gao Zhizhong , Zhang Feng , Harvey Mark S.
Published: February 2025

The recent subdivision of the pseudoscorpion family Garypinidae into three subfamilies, Garypininae, Amblyolpiinae and Protogarypininae, used a combination of molecular and morphological criteria. Newly obtained sequence data from several new garypinoid pseudoscorpions has helped clarify the relationships between various clades. Most importantly, we were able to include the type species of the family, Garypinus dimidiatus (L. Koch, 1873), and two additional species of Amblyolpium Simon, 1898, including A. shenzhou sp. nov. from southern China, which provided a better resolved phylogeny with Amblyolpium as sister to all other Garypinoidea. We raise the subfamily Amblyolpiinae to full family level, Amblyolpiidae stat. nov. In addition, we describe a new genus and species from the Himalayan Plateau, Absensus zhangi sp. nov., which has a morphological feature that allows placement in Amblyolpiidae. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4BDE596B-6EFE-4AB8-932E-1D4379849677
Investigating men’s perspectives on preventive health care within general practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Mursa Ruth , McErlean Gemma , Patterson Christopher , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Background Chronic conditions are a major health concern. Most Australian men are overweight or obese and half live with at least one chronic health condition. Many chronic conditions are preventable and treatable by reducing lifestyle risk factors. General practice delivers a range of services, including preventive health care; however, men have been noted to have low engagement with general practice. This study aimed to investigate men’s perspectives on preventive health care within general practice. Methods Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of Australian men recruited from the NSW Rural Fire Service following an initial survey. Interviews sought to explore men’s perspectives on engagement in preventive health care within general practice. Data were thematically analysed. Results Two sub-themes were identified relating to men’s engagement in preventive health care within general practice. ‘The scope of general practice services’ highlighted diverse understandings among men’s perceptions of the role and value of preventive health care. Whereas ‘addressing lifestyle risk factors’ revealed the nature of communication and advice provided within general practice concerning lifestyle risks and behavioural change. The findings indicated that when advice is provided, men want tangible and meaningful healthcare strategies that support them in making behavioural changes. Conclusions General practice clinicians need to prioritise preventive health care. Proactively addressing preventive health care with men and supporting them to make informed decisions about their lifestyle choices has the potential to enhance their health and reduce chronic health conditions.
Enhancing fire emissions inventories for acute health effects studies: integrating high spatial and temporal resolution data
Authors: Faulstich Sam D. , Strickland Matthew J. , Holmes Heather A.
Published: February 2025

Background Daily fire progression information is crucial for public health studies that examine the relationship between population-level smoke exposures and subsequent health events. Issues with remote sensing used in fire emissions inventories (FEI) lead to the possibility of missed exposures that impact the results of acute health effects studies. Aims This paper provides a method for improving an FEI dataset with readily available information to create a more robust dataset with daily fire progression. Methods High temporal and spatial resolution burned area information from two FEI products are combined into a single dataset, and a linear regression model fills gaps in daily fire progression. Key results The combined dataset provides up to 71% more PM2.5 emissions, 69% more burned area, and 367% more fire days per year than using a single source of burned area information. Conclusions The FEI combination method results in improved FEI information with no gaps in daily fire emissions estimates. Implications The combined dataset provides a functional improvement to FEI data that can be achieved with currently available data.
Using hydrological modelling to improve the Fire Weather Index system over tropical peatlands of peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo
Authors: Mortelmans J. , Apers S. , De Lannoy G. J. M. , Veraverbeke S. , Field R. D. , Andela N. , Page S. E. , Bechtold M.
Published: February 2025

Background Tropical peatland fires contribute to global carbon emissions and air pollution. Aims Enhance the globally used Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) system specifically over drained and undrained tropical peatlands in southeast Asia. Methodology We included simulated tropical peatland hydrology in the FWI, creating a new peatland-specific version of the FWI (FWIpeat). FWIpeat, the original FWI (FWIref) and the drought code (DC) were evaluated against satellite-based active fire occurrence from 2002 to 2018. Key results The DC shows superior performance in explaining fire occurrence over undrained tropical peatlands. Over drained peatlands, DC and FWIpeat show similar results, both outperforming FWIref. A comparison with an earlier study over boreal peatlands indicates much smaller improvements from FWIpeat for tropical peatlands, possibly due to a lower accuracy of the hydrological input data. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of including information on deeper soil layers, i.e. the DC or groundwater table, when assessing fire danger. Implications Although this study offers a promising approach for operational fire management over tropical peatlands, we emphasise the need for further research to refine the hydrological input data and explore additional constraints from Earth observation data.
PARP7 inhibits type I interferon signaling to prevent autoimmunity and lung disease
Authors: Jeltema Devon , Knox Kennady , Dobbs Nicole , Tang Zhen , Xing Cong , Araskiewicz Antonina , Yang Kun , Siordia Ivan Rodriguez , Matthews Jason , Cohen Michael , Yan Nan
Published: February 2025

Type I IFN (IFN-I) induce hundreds of antiviral genes as well as negative regulators that limit IFN-I signaling. Here, we investigate the family of 16 PARPs and find that 11 PARPs are ISGs, of which 8 PARPs inhibit IFN-I production. PARP7 is the most potent negative feedback regulator of IFN-I production. Using Parp7−/− and Parp7H532A/H532A mice, we show that PARP7 loss leads to systemic autoimmunity characterized by splenomegaly and increased autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines. PARP7 loss also results in perivascular immune infiltration in the lung that forms tertiary lymphoid structures. Mechanistically, PARP7 inhibits multiple innate immune pathways in a cell-intrinsic and MARylation-dependent manner. PARP7 interacts with IRF3 through the catalytic domain and disrupts the IRF3:CBP/p300 transcriptional holocomplex required for IFN-I production. Irf3−/− or Irf3S1/S1 (transcription defective) or Sting−/− rescues Parp7H532A/H532A mouse autoimmunity and lung disease. Together, our study reveals physiological functions of PARP7 as a negative feedback regulator of IFN-I production that maintains immune homeostasis particularly in the lung.
In-water electrical impedance tomography: EIT and the sea
Authors: Adler Andy , el Harake Tarek , Mosing Martina , Fahlman Andreas
Published: February 2025

Objective: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has shown the ability to provide clinically useful functional information on ventilation in humans and other land mammals. We are motivated to use EIT with sea mammals and human divers, since EIT could provide unique information on lung ventilation that can help address diver performance and safety, and veterinary and behavioural questions. However, in-water use of EIT is challenging, primarily because sea water is more conductive than the body. Approach: We first address this issue by modelling the in-water component and evaluating image reconstruction algorithms. Main Results: EIT is able to produce reasonable images if an outer insulating layer allows a water layer thickness < 2% of the body radius. We next describe the design of custom EIT belts with an outer neoprene insulator to minimize current leakage. We show example underwater EIT recordings in human and dolphin subjects. Significance: we demonstrate in-water EIT is feasible with appropriate techniques.
Study on wave propagation of FG-CNTRC plates with single/double piezoelectric layers
Authors: Li Feng-Lian , Hao Yu-Qi , Lv Mei
Published: February 2025

The present paper deals with wave propagation in a piezoelectric sandwich plate, which is composed of FG-CNTRC core layer and piezoelectric layers. The material properties of the core layer are estimated based on the extended mixture rule. The governing equations of the structure are developed based on the third-order shear deformation theory and Hamilton principle. An analytical solution is applied to obtain the dispersion curves, group velocity and phase velocity. The computed results are validated by the previous results. The effects of various parameters such as volume fractions and distribution types of CNTs, piezoelectric layer thickness, piezoelectric lay-ups on the wave propagation in the piezoelectric FG-CNTRC sandwich plate are discussed, and the control of the wave propagation is carried out. The research results can provide theoretical references for the design and optimization of sandwich structures.
Thermally tunable topological interface states for flexural wave demultiplexing in one-dimensional metamaterials
Authors: Caetano Virgilio Junior , De Marqui Carlos, Jr
Published: February 2025

This work explores a demultiplexer that realizes the spatial separation of bending waves through temperature-tunable topological interface modes. Unlike fixed-property configurations that split input signals into predetermined frequency components, our proposed reconfigurable setup allows the adjustment of the frequency components according to the temperature. The model consists of a metallic host structure covered by pairs of piezoelectric elements connected to negative capacitance circuits. Additionally, the metamaterial features periodically distributed mass-spring resonators made of shape memory alloy. The negative capacitance enables modification of the local stiffness of each unit cell. At the same time, the resonance frequency of each mass-spring attachment is controlled by changing the temperature of the shape memory alloy springs. After characterizing the topological properties of the proposed unit cell configuration, we numerically investigate a two-channel topologically protected demultiplexer. The results demonstrate the system's capability to extract signals at temperature-tunable frequencies of topological modes with enhanced energy localization.
Majorana-metal transition in a disordered superconductor: percolation in a landscape of topological domain walls
Authors: Zakharov V A , Fulga I C , Lemut G , Tworzydło J , Beenakker C W J
Published: February 2025

Most superconductors are thermal insulators. A disordered chiral p-wave superconductor, however, can make a transition to a thermal metal phase. Because heat is then transported by Majorana fermions, this phase is referred to as a Majorana metal. Here we present numerical evidence that the mechanism for the phase transition with increasing electrostatic disorder is the percolation of boundaries separating domains of different Chern number. We construct the network of domain walls using the spectral localizer as a ‘topological landscape function’, and obtain the thermal metal–insulator phase diagram from the percolation transition.
Phononic crystal sensor for high-sensitive detection of heavy metal concentrations
Authors: Khaligh Aynaz , Bahrami Ali , Badri Ghavifekr Habib
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to introduces an innovative, high-sensitive ultrasonic sensor using phononic crystal technology. It is specifically engineered to detect low-level concentrations of

CdBr

2

, which is recognized as a heavy metal ion exhibiting significant levels of toxicity and capable of infiltrating freshwater through various human activities. The proposed sensor is composed of a periodic pattern of tungsten rods on the poly methyl methacrylate substrate. To enhance sensor sensitivity, the method of destructive interference has been employed. This work demonstrates that varying concentrations of

CdBr

2

in water will produce a solitary peak with a distinct resonant frequency corresponding to the sensed sample concentration. Ultimately, through the examination of the output frequency peaks, one can ascertain the concentration of

CdBr

2

in the water. The finite element method is employed to simulate the sensor transmission spectrum. The innovative sensor in this study, in addition to its newly designed sensing region, which has been precisely engineered to detect and differentiate low levels

ppm

of various concentrations of cadmium bromide in water, utilizes two separate paths within an asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This design effectively eliminates extraneous frequencies around the main output peak through phase difference. Compared to prior studies, the sensor exhibits outstanding performance, including sensitivity of

40160

Hz

.cm

3

/
g

, quality factor of

103220

, detection limit of

3.035

ppm

, and damping rate of

8.806
×

10

−
6

. Additionally, achieving the sensitivities of

118.167

m

−
1

for sound speed and

0.04

Hz

ppm

−
1

for concentration (at

ppm

level), confirms its applicability for detecting other solutions. Results demonstrate that this work aims to develop a simple, innovative, and high-performance design that has the potential to greatly influence sensing applications, due to its exceptional performance.
Respiratory sound classification utilizing human auditory-based feature extraction.
Authors: . Rishabh , Kumar Dhirendra , Meena Yogendra , Singh Kuldeep
Published: February 2025

A major worldwide health concern are chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), whichinclude disorders including asthma, pulmonary hypertension, occupational lung diseases,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Improving clinical results andtreatment efficacy require an early and precise diagnosis. In order to classify respiratorysounds, this study presents a novel framework that incorporates auditory-inspiredcharacteristics, such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), Mel Spectrograms,and Cochleograms, into a CNN-LSTM architecture. The framework uses sophisticatedfeature extraction techniques in conjunction with strong data augmentation approachesto address the issue of class imbalance and guarantee thorough representation of a varietyof respiratory sound patterns. Using the Respiratory Sound Database, the suggestedmodel was assessed and showed remarkable performance, obtaining an F1 score of 98.89%,accuracy of 98.94%, specificity of 99.78%, and sensitivity of 99.30%, and an ICBHI scoreof 99.54%. These findings demonstrate the model’s potential as a reliable and efficienttool for the early identification and evaluation of CRDs, which would significantly improvepatient care and the management of respiratory illnesses. The outstanding performancefurther emphasizes the importance in clinical settings, enabling improved managementand early identification of chronic respiratory conditions.