bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating How COVID-19 Affects Consumers\' Online Shopping Habits
Authors: Gundarania Krish
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The study of online consumer behavior is especially pertinent today given the development of the COVID-19 epidemic and the growing significance of e-commerce. The goal of this study was to provide a systematic framework for evaluating the linkages and degree of influence of the elements influencing online consumers' purchase behavior against the backdrop of the COVID-19 epidemic. The Cattell questionnaire was modified, and correlation analysis was used, as the foundation of the research approach. This study employed the questionnaire approach to ascertain the tendency of online consumer behavior at the moment of making a purchase choice. The proposed methodological toolkit to assess online consumers' purchasing behavior is the scientific contribution; it identifies the most important variables that affect this behavior and offers a chance to evaluate the dynamics of their activity over the course of the study, to spot important trends and assess behavioral changes. The study identified the expected alterations in online consumer purchasing patterns during the COVID-19 epidemic. Consumer experience and awareness have a bigger impact now. Consumers who shop online are now more seasoned, which has changed the activity of their purchasing habit. This study demonstrated the shifting impact of pandemic-related online consumer purchasing behavior determinants. When making online purchases of products and services, consumers' decision-making speed is becoming more and more crucial.
Experimental Optimization of Corn Shelling Machine -A Review
Authors: Mujbaile Mr. Vedanand , Raisadhar Nikita , Deogade Sahil , Dhanvijay Adarsh , Baldhare Azad , Dhurve Rahul
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Farmers in developing nations, such as India, cultivate small-scale maize. It is sold on the cob, and the individual kernels cost around twice as much as the cob. Therefore, if farmers can de-husk the corn and sell the kernels on the market, they can generate more income. The issue is that there are not enough affordable, manually operated, and efficient maize shellers in the country. This is a major problem in India for maize production. Maize first emerged in the Americas, and by 1250 BC it had spread to all areas of the region. As populations increased, a trading network developed, based on surplus and varieties of maize. They tend to sell the corn with the cob attached, but doing so leads to an average kernel price that is twice the price of the cob. If farmers decorticated the corn and sold the kernels separately, they could generate more income. The challenge is that there is a lack of inexpensive, manual and efficient corn Shellers, making it difficult for farmers to process their corn. This is a major problem facing corn production, particularly in India. Examine the factors that determine the performance of the maize sheller and identify the design elements that have the greatest impact on its operational efficiency.
Advanced Critical Care Monitoring with Alert and Auto Intelligence System
Authors: S Nihila Gowri D , P Harini , Sriharshini N , R Lajwanthe , P Sindhuja
Published: April 2023

Abstract: With great advancements in lifestyle and practices along with pandemic outbreaks such as COVID 19, the number of patients in hospitals is increasing which is a major concern globally. To overcome this situation, an IoT platform likely to provide the scalability required for this challenge is support the continuous monitoring of patients on a global scale. The technical specifications used are Arduino IDE, ThingSpeak Cloud, Max 30100, Temperature sensor, and ESP8266. Arduino kit is an open source platform that has an easy to use software and hardware. It can read inputs from any device. ThingSpeak is an IOT analytics service that allows the collection of data, picturing, and examine live data streams in the cloud. ESP8266 is a WiFi Module that gives the microcontroller access to the Wi-Fi network. LM35 is a series of devices used for measuring temperature with accurate precision. Its output voltage is linearly proportional to the temperature in Centigrade units. Hence, this project paper is focused to analyse the vitals of patients by using wearable, safe, and modern sensors to observe various patients who are affected by cardiovascular disease.
Implementation of Full Adder Using Nand Gates
Authors: Anusuya K. , Kavitha Dr. S.
Published: April 2023

: In digital electronics, there are different types of logic circuits used to perform different kinds ofarithmetic operations. One of them is adder. Adder (or Binary Adder) is a combinational logic circuit that performs the addition of two or more binary numbers and gives an output sum. There are two types of adders present namely, half adder and fulladder. Since, adder are logic circuits, thus they are implemented using different types of digital logic gates such as OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate, NAND gates, NOR gates, etc. In this article, we will discuss the Full Adder Realization using NAND Gates. But before that let’s have a look into the basics of full adder.
Design of 50KLD MBBR based Sewage Treatment for Hostel Building, Nagpur
Authors: Thakare Unnati , Kimmatkar Himani , Shende Prajakta , Raut Snehaly , Ruprai Dr. B. S.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Sewage water recovery is the treatment or processing of Sewage water to make it applicable. This paper shows the design of various component of conventional sewage treatment plant using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor technique at College Hostel, Nagpur. The project consisting of the design of complete Sewage Treatment Plant components consist of Bar Screen Chamber, Equalization Tank, Aeration Tank, Clarifier Tank, Pressure Sand filter, Activated Carbon Filter and Treated Water Tank. Among the available technologies for waste water treatment, MBBR sewage treatment is most suitable. It is a leading technology in waste water treatment as this system can operate at lower vestiges and give advanced efficiency of treatment. It’s compact and effective option for domestic waste treatment. In duly designed MBBR, the whole reactor volume is active, with no dead space or short circuiting. This paper demonstrates the detailed procedure for the design of a MBBR grounded sewage treatment plant of 50 KLD capacity for an educational lot.
Sustainable Consideration of Concrete using GGBFS and Fly Ash
Authors: Patil Ruchika , Mahajan Anand , Poyam Gaurav , Ankar Tejaswini , Dhanjode Shreyash
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The economy of the nation is significantly influenced by the construction industries. The most common material used in construction is concrete. The fundamental components of concrete are cement, sand, aggregate, and water. Cement is the primary binder in concrete. 10% to 15% of the total volume of concrete is made up of cement. Large amounts of CO2 gas are released during cement production, which is very harmful to the environment. According to several studies conducted, waste products or by-products such as Fly Ash, GGBFS, silica fume, metakaolin, etc., can be employed as a cement substitute. In this study, the experimental evaluation of the compressive strength of concrete for M25 grade concrete using partial cement replacement with 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of GGBFS and Fly Ash is presented. For all blends, a W/C ratio of 0.5 is used. When the concrete has been cast and given a 7 and 28 day curing period, testing has been conducted. The possibility of using waste material in structural cones is the main topic of this study. Reduced cement use will result in less CO2 being produced, which will help to preserve the environment and be cost-effective. The use of industrial waste has evolved as aggressive construction material, thus feature as Sustainable construction.
A Review on Prediction and Analysis of Forest Fires Using AI and ML Algorithms
Authors: S Sai Sparsha G , Y Renuka , Nanda Rakshitha D , Harshitha Sonika , N Mrs. Pushpa R
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Forest fires or wildfires are major catastrophes that occur in forests, grasslands, or prairies (Grassland areas). Wildfires mostly occur either due to natural factors or human activities such as smoking cigarettes, campfires, or arson, etc. Forest fire has become one of the most drastic problems that cause damage to several forests around the globe. To prevent forest fires, analysis, and predictions should be made on land that is affected by forest fires based on temperature, wind, humidity, etc. Depending upon the above factors, analysis, and prediction are done, which region has a high possibility of wildfires’ dangerous effects. Fire detection will help in finding and controlling an extreme problem in forests, this will help in reducing the forest fire in the future. Many Algorithms are available for the detection of the fire, Based on the use of Algorithms analysis and prediction of the forest fires are made.
Smart Parking System Based On Image Processing
Authors: Rankhamb Pranita , Kangaonkar Aniket , Jawale Vishal , Jadhav Maheshkumar , Bharambe Prof. Dewendra
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Successful implementation of smart parking systems can effectively reduce a lot of problems related to traffic congestion in urban areas. Wastage of fuel and time in search of a vacant parking space will be significantly reduced and the complete utilization of the available parking areas can make our cities really smart. Parking slot detection and user notification are the two major sections of a smart parking system. The empty parking space detection was initially done by deploying a number of sensors in the parking lot. It is highly expensive and complicated to install. But the advancement of image processing has enabled us to use images of the parking area to find out empty spaces. In this paper, a comparative study of the various parking space identification techniques has been done. Also, image processing-based system models have been presented as a replacement for sensor-based systems. A very efficient and simple technique for parking slot identification based on optical character recognition (OCR) has been introduced in this paper. The camera installed in the parking lot captures the image of the parking area with specially numbered parking spaces. The OCR system recognizes numbers that are not hidden by a vehicle parked over it and this information is used for identifying the empty spaces.
Analysis and Design of RCC Retaining Wall to Overcome Landslide
Authors: Jadhav Kavita , Desai Shital , Tayade Punam , Bhandari Raj , Mote Prajakta , Khadake N.V.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article examines and designs the 3.5 m cantilever retaining wall and the SBC 200 T/M3 reinforced concrete retaining wall. Retaining walls provide vertical support for the soil. They are often used in poorly sloping areas or where landscaping is heavy and must be designed for various purposes such as hillside planting or road overpasses. The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of retaining walls, their behaviour and different types of failure. Retaining walls are usually walls that support the soil behind them. The purpose of this study is to understand the analysis of retaining walls. Lateral earth pressure is important in the analysis and design of retaining walls. Also, about the stability of the wall bars against tipping and sliding. When there is a sudden change in ground height, the system retains soil or other loose material. Cantilever retaining wall is the most common type of retaining wall and is used for walls 3 to 6 meters high. In this study, detailed analysis and design of this type of wall, which includes the dimensions of the wall, is made and then these dimensions are checked. Safety features against slipping, tipping and tilting have been calculated. The shear strength of the sole, the tensile stress in the body and the tensile stress in the sole are checked.
Enhancing the Wireless Sensor Network Efficiency using Coverage and Energy Utilization Technique
Authors: Manhas Prabal , Shankar Amrit Raj , Tiwary Girjanand
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have witnessed a major growth in several domains such as the industrial sector and research. Sensor network is one of the major part of automation application. Data from a small area to a large area can be collected efficiently using these sensor networks. But these sensors also have some major drawbacks such as the coverage issues, battery life, so in this research paper we have described about some major challenges and the algorithms using which we can ultimately enhance the coverage and life span of battery
AI Based Content Controlling System using Age Prediction Algorithm and Selenium Tool
Authors: S Shakthi , S Afreen Banu M , R Vasantha Roja , B Mridula , S Shanmugapriya
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The internet provides a platform to distribute a vast amount of content to millions of users worldwide. However, the true issue is when users under the age of 18 are denied access to age-restricted content, which over time has a negative impact on the user's physical and mental health. Children are spending more amount of time in surfing the browser and they easily come across all types of content in internet. On the other hand, creating a plan for computing imaginative complexity would ensure children's safety in social networks, which is unmatched among the most important criteria in today's society. This technique will only be used to regulate the website's content. In this proposed work, face detection has been carried out for detecting the age using a Haas cascade classifier and content restriction based on age done by selenium. In general, two sophisticated techniques, such as age estimation and facial recognition, are needed to limit internet access to specified age groups. Then, for a content management system, this proposed work has suggested a new unified framework for face recognition and age detection. This proposed work has developed a system that accurately controls the browser content by combining age recognition and content restriction. In order to regulate the website, selenium is applied after detecting the person’s face and estimating their age.
Early Diabetic Retinopathy Detection using Deep Learning
Authors: K Shivaprasad T , Sameeksha  , S Sathvik K , P Yashmitha Yashawantha
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Typically, hazy and low contrast, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) results from damage to the blood vessels inside the delicate tissue behind the eye (that is, the retina). Fundus images produced by fundus cameras are frequently imperfect. The risk of blindness in DR patients can be decreased with early detection and treatment. Finding and documenting diabetic retinopathy in people is a challenging and error-prone procedure because it is challenging to capture photographs with colour fundus photography. DR classes can be identified and categorised early by utilising machine learning techniques and a variety of screening criteria. These methods' accuracy, though, is below average. This shortcoming of these techniques can be remedied by using a different technique for the task such as deep learning. This technique uses image metadata to train a deep learning model and learn features using hundreds of classes in DR. This allows experts to create models that can classify invisible images into appropriate classes or levels of acceptable accuracy. This paper proposed a DenseNet201 model to classify fundus images into the correct severity class. We trained the model on 1914 images per class and used checkpoints to save the best weight automatically.
Experimental Study on Paver Block Production using Construction and Demolition Waste
Authors: Moorthi N. , Pradeep R. , Atchaya T. , Thangapandi S. , Raman M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, a major component of the solid waste is defined as a waste. resulting from the construction, renovation and demolition of structures. Till date a significant portion of C&D waste is disposed of in the landfills which not only consumes a considerable amount of landfill volume but also leads to environmental and health risks. As construction cost increases and land area gets scarcer, it becomes vital to take measures that incorporate a solution to the same. Developing a sustainable construction material (PAVER BLOCK) using construction and demolition (C&D) waste by diversion of C&D waste from the main waste stream can help in gaining a substantial area of land. The present study aims to develop C&D waste paver block of size 275 mm × 220 mm × 130 mm. Cement and fly ash were used as a binder along with C&D waste as replacement for natural coarse and fine aggregate
Challenges to engage medical assistant students in 5E flipped learning environment
Authors: Muniandy Bala Krishnian , Ping Por Fei
Published: April 2023

Flipped classroom approaches envision students using technology to access the lecture and other instructional resources outside of the classroom to engage them in active learning during class time. Although flipped classroom practices have been used in a number of educational studies and found positive outcomes, there were still some challenges with this approach. Therefore, there is a  need for an innovative flipped classroom. In this article, the researcher presents a 5E-flipped learning environment approach and collected results of such data. The approach incorporates a 5E learning cycle model and flipped learning practices, making it accessible to anyone who wants to implement a 5E-flipped learning environment experience in their course. The 5E-flipped learning environment educational model proposes could help students to achieve higher order and deeper levels of learning as they engage in active work during online and face-to-face sessions. However, the thematic analysis of qualitative data  three sources, participants learning dairy, focused group discussion and interview of 12 medical assistant students emerged some challenges they faced in a 5E-flipped learning environment. They faced challenges on learning activities which focused on fail to accomplish learning task and challenges on personal barriers related to lack of independent initiative and heavy responsibility on learners which influence their engagement in learning process. Therefore, the 5E-flipped learning activities need to be designed with these considerations in mind to encourage active student participation in online and classroom activities.
Bettering writing-reading attainments as to underlying gaps and bonds in EFL learners
Authors: Olmos Jonathan , Garcia Andres
Published: April 2023

With the emergence of new learning approaches, it has become more troublesome learners can pragmatically learn in the long run, especially when learning a foreign language is involved. Flaws and deficiency in learning arises in most cases of EFL classroom where the development language skills like reading and writing are inconclusive. This study aimed to look into the impact of educational practices on the reading and writing skills of learners, with a specific focus on the gaps and bonds in EFL learning while communication skills carried follow-ups. The study employed a mixed methodology, which embraced communication contexts placed in the teaching process, and self-perceptions of the participants in a multidimensional communication axis to collect data via surveys, observational forms and exploratory statistics. The results indicate that while there is a stable level of variation in terms of reading and writing achievement, there are setbacks in certain areas such as fill-in-the-blank questions in complex activities and sentence rewriting tasks. Additionally, the study found that providing students with picture clues can improve their performance. The study also suggests that blending both reading and writing skills in activities can lead to large linkages and improvements in performance.
Response of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling Growth on Various Growing Media and Organic Plant Supplements
Authors: Arum Ayu Puspita , Innaya Lutfika Revi , Setiyono Setiyono , Rosyady Muhammad Ghufron
Published: April 2023

Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) as a plantation crop which success is determined by healthy and quality seedlings. The use of planting media with a mixture of manure and plant organic supplements may result in healthy soil because it contains soil microorganisms  that are beneficial and may support the growth of cocoa seedlings. Purpose of this study was to determine the initial growth response of cocoa seedlings on various growing media and dosages of an organic plant supplement as liquid organic fertilizer. The research was conducted in February–September 2022 in a nursery located in Kradenan, Purwoharjo, Banyuwangi Regency and in Agricultural Laboratory of University of Jember, Bondowoso Campus, Bondowoso Regency. Study was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial using a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was planting media which consisted of four levels of treatment, namely soil + chicken manure, soil + goat manure, soil + cow manure, and soil + rabbit manure. The second factor was dose of organic plant supplement which consisted of 4 levels, namely the control treatment of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mL polybag-1. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and follow-up tests using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level. Variables observed included seedling height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedlings. The results showed that there was an interaction effect on all parameters except seedling height, number of leaves, and number of roots. The conclusion of the study showed that there was an effect of interaction treatment with the best treatment combination planting media using cow manure and organic plant supplement dose of 50 mL polybag-1.
Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Arabica Coffee Varieties at Four Seed Soaking Water Temperatures
Authors: Wibowo Ari , Aprillia Wijaya Stefani , Suharjono .
Published: April 2023

It takes three weeks to analyze the germination percentage of Arabica coffee seeds germinated using paper and a three-day water-soaking  method. This 3- week period is considered too long for seed distribution to remote areas. Thus, we need to modify this germination test needs to be modified to have a shorter test time. Temperature treatment is one method to break the seed dormancy period for faster germination. This study aimed to obtain a faster and more precise method of germination test on Arabica coffee seeds. This study employed a 3 x 4 factorial complete randomized block design with three replications in which Arabica coffee varieties of Gayo-1, Kartika-1, and Sigararutang as the first factor and the temperature of the soaking water of the seeds (25 0C, 50 0C, 75 0C, and 90 0C) as the second factor. The research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), for four months. Findings showed that the interaction between treatments was only found in seed germination percentage. Soaking in room temperature water (control) for three days was better than using water at 50 0C, 75 0C, and 90 0C on the germination percentage, sprout length, and vigor index. Observations of Arabica seed germination could be shortened to 14 days compared to the standard 21-day observation.  During the seedling phase, the shoot growth and root growth of the Arabica coffee seeds soaked in water at 50 0C showed no significant difference from the control. Soaking at 75 0C and 90 0C damaged the embryo and resulted in rotten seeds. Different varieties led to different germination percentages, sprout lengths, and fresh weight of seedling shoots. The method of soaking at 50 0C for 30 minutes could be used as an alternative in germination test of Arabica coffee seeds because it showed small negative effect on germinated seed and seedling quality but it shorten thetesting time for three days.
Economic Analysis of Cocoa Production Cropping Pattern in Nigeria, West Africa
Authors: Oladokun Yetunde Olasimbo Mary , Oluyole Kayode A. , Akinpelu Ayode O. , Orisasona Taiwo
Published: April 2023

Cocoa is the most prominent export crop in Nigeria in terms of its production and export capacities. There is dearth of literature on the profitability of the different cropping systems. This study therefore examined the profitability of the different cocoa cropping systems and the factors that affect the revenue of cocoa farmers for each of the cropping systems. The study area was Nigeria and information were collected from one hundred and eighty farmers using well-structured question- naires. Descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and linear regression were used for analysis in this study. The study revealed that twenty-seven farmers practised sole cocoa cropping, seventy-five farmers practised cocoa/arable cropping and seventy-eight farmers practised cocoa/tree cropping systems, respectively.  The mean age of farmers in sole cocoa cropping system was 49.3 years, for cocoa/ arable cropping system the mean age was 47.8 years while for cocoa/tree cropping system the mean age of farmers was 47.2 years. For sole cocoa cropping system, the total cost (TC) was USD 7,764; the gross revenue (GR) was USD 43,774 with USD 36,009 as profit made from the cropping system. The TC for cocoa/tree cropping system in Nigeria was USD 18,003, GR was USD 124,104 and the profit was USD 106,102. Similarly for cocoa/arable cropping system, the TC was USD 16,215, GR was USD 109,849 and profit was USD 93,634. The determinants for the three cocoa cropping systems were age, gender, marital status (married), educational level (primary), cost of seedling, cost of fertilizer, cost of fungicide, cost of herbicide, labour cost for bush clearing, land preparation,  weeding and planting. Cocoa/tree and cocoa/arable cropping systems were more profitable than sole cocoa cropping systems. However, cocoa/ tree cropping system was more profitable with a value of USD 106,102.
Improvement of purification process of stevia extract by combination of microfiltration and ultrafiltration
Authors: Silaen Michael , Noor Erliza , Rahayuningsih Mulyorini
Published: April 2023

Microfiltration and ultrafiltration are used for the purification process of stevia extract to retain steviosides and remove tannins. The main objective of this study was to obtain the operating conditions for the purification process of stevia extract that resulted in the lowest stevioside rejection and highest tannin rejection. The purification process of stevia extract using microfiltration membrane was carried out at transmembrane pressure (1.20, 1.40, 1.65, 1.80, and 1.90 bar), cross flow velocity (0.04, 0.06, and 0.11 m s-1), and stevioside concentration of feed (7.12, 10.25, 14.03, and 18.47 g L-1). The stevia extract purification process used ultrafiltration membrane at transmembrane pressure (1.20, 1.40, 1.65, 1.80, and 1.90 bar), cross flow velocity (0.06, 0.09, and 0.12 m s-1), and stevioside concentration of feed (4.59 and 10.36 g L-1). The first step purification process was carried out using a microfiltration membrane and the resulting permeate was used as feed for the ultrafiltration process. The second step purification process was carried out using an ultrafiltration membrane. The best operating conditions of the microfiltration process were feed stevioside concentration of 14.03 g L-1 at a transmembrane pressure of 1.90 bar and a cross flow velocity of 0.11 m s-1 with a permeate flux of 82.90 L m-2 h-1. The best operating conditions of the ultrafiltration process used a feed stevioside concentration of 10.36 g L-1 with a permeate flux of 26.51 L m-2 h-1 at a transmembrane pressure of 1.90 bar and a cross flow velocity of 0.12 m s-1. The microfiltration and ultrafiltration processes resulted in total stevioside rejection of 59.52 % and total tannin rejection of 57.99 %.
Stability of B50 biodiesel added with glycerol ester additive based on palm oil oleic acid
Authors: Dimawarnita Firda , Faramitha Yora , Hambali Erliza
Published: April 2023

Biodiesel in Indonesia is a mixture of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) and diesel oil. Mixing FAME and diesel oil is challenging since FAME is separated from diesel oil at low temperatures. Changes in the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel during storage decrease biodiesel quality due to dissolved oxygen, potentially damaging the engine. Using glycerol ester (GE) as an additive can be an alternative solution to tackle that problem. This research examined the stability of GE-added biodiesel. As a comparison, commercial diethyl ether (DEE) additive was used. The concentration of additive added to biodiesel varied at 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm while the storage temperature varied at 12, 25, and 42℃. The stability of biodiesel was evaluated for three months by measuring the acid value, viscosity, corrosion rate, and water content. The acid values ​​​​of the various types and concentrations of additives still meet the SNI 7182-2015 standard (0.5 mg KOH g-1 sample) with a value range of 0.148-  0.392 mg KOH g-1 sample. Kinematic viscosity had a value range of 3.12-3.58 cst, which also meets the SNI 7182-2015 standard (2.3-6 cst). The highest corrosion rate for GE and DEE was in the first week, with values of 0.447 and 0.261 mpy, respectively. Both B50 biodiesel control and the addition of 1000 ppm GE had the same water content value on the 18th day, which was 0.046%, and this value was considered the highest water content. This means adding an additive can maintain the water content in B50 biodiesel. Overall, GE additives in B50 biodiesel with various concentrations comply with SNI 7182-2015 standard.
Pause in Nature, then Carry on with Hope
Authors: Vija Anna Moore
Published: April 2023

In this project, I set out to investigate and increase my understanding of the ways in which art and music can be used to give us the strength to process difficult emotions arising from complex societal issues and injustices. In psychology, artistic processes can be seen as a way of bridging the external world with the artist's internal world, thereby creating individual logic and organised chaos. (Kogan, 2018; Stratou, 2014; Hagman, 2010). Creating art is a process of the artist processing the outer world within their inner world and channelling the combined emotions into a form of artistic expression, (Stratou, 2014; Kogan, 2018; Hagman, 2010) which, in my case, is music.
With my current work, the creation process itself takes place in the forest because to me, that is a space that balances the complex and at times overwhelming external world and my internal world. By going into the forest I become immersed in the natural external world, rather than composing conceptual ideas of music in a practice room, isolated from the multi-sensual external world. As a consequence, the natural environment of the forest provided rich inspiration for composing music, providing stability and calm between my inner world and current external complexities. Urban landscapes and nature provide a haven for people in urban environments, especially those living in apartments, such as myself (Tan, Liao, Hwang, & Chua, 2018).
Throughout the project I uncovered new reflections and discoveries about moral responsibility following my research question of: How can art and music enable us to process difficult societal issues, emotions and give us hope?
Sample Reel - Fejos 2023
Authors: Laura Ogden
Published: April 2023

Sample Reel including mock-up of iDoc 'The Visit' for Fejos Fellowship 2023 application.
Machine Learning-Assisted Fabrication of PCBM-Perovskite Solar Cells with Nanopatterned TiO2 Layer
Authors: Sanimu Siti Norhasanah , Yang Hwa-Young , Kandel Jeevan , Moon Ye-Chong , Gaudel Gangasagar Sharma , Yu Seung-Ju , Kim Yong Ju , Kim Sejung , Jun Bong-Hyun , Rho Won-Yeop
Published: April 2023

To unlock the full potential of PSCs, machine learning (ML) was
implemented in this research to predict the best combination of
mesoporous-titanium dioxide (mp-TiO) and weight
percentage (wt%) of phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl
ester (PCBM), along with the current density
(J), open-circuit voltage
(V), fill factor (ff) and energy
conversion efficiency (ECE). Then, the combination that yielded the
highest predicted ECE was selected as a reference to fabricate PCBM-PSCs
with nanopatterned TiO layer. Subsequently, the
PCBM-PSCs with nanopatterned TiO layers were fabricated
and characterized to further understand the dual effects of
nanopatterning depth and wt% of PCBM on PSCs. Experimentally, the
highest ECE of 17.336% is achieved at 127 nm nanopatterning depth and
0.10 wt% of PCBM, where the J,
V and ff are 22.877
mA/cm, 0.963 V and 0.787, respectively. The measured
J, V, ff and
ECE values show consistencies with the ML prediction. Hence, these
findings not only revealed the potential of ML to be used as a
preliminary investigation to navigate the research of PSCs, but also
highlighted that nanopatterning depth has a significant impact on
J, and the incorporation of PCBM on perovskite
layer influenced the V and ff, which
further boosted the performance of PSCs.
SOURCES OF INCOME IN METAVERSE
Authors: Paruthi Daksh , Tiwari Priyanshi , Mittal Riya
Published: April 2023

A graphical and speculative rendition of a powerful virtual environment,
the Metaverse asserts that it is a trustworthy setting where people can
work, play, shop, and socialise. The potential for leveraging the
Metaverse for growth and revenue generation is significant. The aim of
this perspective article is to highlight and introduce: metaverse
revenue streams; a Web 3.0 base for economic interoperability; an
embodied virtual reality experience; and a platform for innovative
experiences. Additionally, it will deal with correcting current and
foreseeable security vulnerabilities in the metaverse and, ideally,
generate revenue doing so. We explore a wide range of examples and
suggest how these initiatives might be implemented properly in order to
be competitively successful in this rapidly evolving environment. Child
limitations, women’s safety, and introducing the metaverse to older
citizens are a few of the topics discussed in detail. Finally, we
provide an overview of the unfolding of possibilities and point out
methods that have not traditionally been explored.
Income Inequality and Suicide: Evidence from Eastern European Countries
Authors: Andres Antonio Rodriguez , Mostafa Mohamed M
Published: April 2023

As one of the leading causes of non-natural death, suicide involves both
emotional and economic costs to society. In this paper, we aim to
analyze the economic determinants of suicide. More specifically, we
explore the impact of income inequality on suicide. For that purpose, we
estimate linear panel data models for a set of 21 Eastern European
countries over the period 1991-2014. We find a positive relationship
between income inequality and suicide for males as an increase in
inequality was found to increase suicide. For females, income inequality
has no effect. We also found that the effect of GDP per capita on
suicide rates is negative and statistically significant across all
models. The direction of this effect is consistent with previous
international panel data studies and the economic theory of suicide.
Taken together, our results are in line with previous literature
investigating the economic determinants of suicide. The paper
contributes to a burgeoning trend in the literature examining what
drives people to commit suicide.
Kinetic Modeling of Radiation Belt Electrons with GEANT4 to Study Energetic Particle Precipitation in Earth's Atmosphere
Authors: Berland Grant , Marshall Robert Andrew , Capannolo Luisa
Published: April 2023

We present a new model designed to simulate the process of energetic
particle precipitation, a vital coupling mechanism from Earth’s
magnetosphere to its atmosphere. The atmospheric response, namely excess
ionization in the upper and middle atmosphere, together with
bremsstrahlung X-ray production, is calculated with kinetic particle
simulations using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo framework. Mono-energy and
mono-pitch angle electron beams are simulated and combined using a
Green’s function approach to represent realistic electron spectra and
pitch angle distributions. Results from this model include more accurate
ionization profiles than previous analytical models, deeper photon
penetration into the atmosphere than previous Monte Carlo model
predictions, and predictions of backscatter fractions of loss cone
electrons up to 40%. The model results are verified by comparison with
previous precipitation modeling results, and validated using balloon
X-ray measurements from the BARREL mission and backscattered electron
energy and pitch angle measurements from the ELFIN CubeSat mission. The
model results and solution techniques are developed into a Python
package for public use.
Fluid mixing and spatial geochemical variability in the Lost City hydrothermal field chimneys
Authors: Aquino Karmina A. , Fruh-Green Gretchen L. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Rickli Jörg , Lang Susan Q. , Lilley Marvin D.
Published: April 2023

Carbonate-brucite chimneys are a characteristic of low- to
moderate-temperature, ultramafic-hosted alkaline hydrothermal systems,
such as the Lost City hydrothermal field located on the Atlantis Massif
at 30°N near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These chimneys form as a result of
mixing between warm, serpentinization-derived vent fluids and cold
seawater. Previous work has documented the evolution in mineralogy and
geochemistry associated with the aging of the chimneys as hydrothermal
activity wanes. However, little is known about spatial heterogeneities
within and among actively venting chimneys. New mineralogical and
geochemical data (87Sr/86Sr and stable C, O, and clumped isotope)
indicate that brucite and calcite precipitate at elevated temperatures
in vent fluid-dominated domains in the interior of chimneys. Exterior
zones dominated by seawater are brucite-poor and aragonite is the main
carbonate mineral. Carbonates form mostly out of oxygen and clumped
isotope equilibrium due to rapid precipitation upon vent fluid-seawater
mixing. In contrast, the carbonates precipitate close to carbon isotope
equilibrium, with dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater as the dominant
carbon source, and have δ13C values within the range of marine
carbonates. Our data suggest that calcite is a primary mineral in the
active hydrothermal chimneys and does not exclusively form as a
replacement of aragonite during later alteration with seawater. Elevated
formation temperatures and lower 87Sr/86Sr relative to aragonite in the
same sample suggest that calcite may be the first carbonate mineral to
precipitate.
The growth of ring current/SYM-H under northward IMF $B_z$ conditions present during the 21-22 January 2005 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Rout Diptiranjan , Patra Swadesh , Kumar Sandeep , Chakrabarty Dibyendu , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Stolle Claudia , Pandey Kuldeep , Chakraborty Shibaji , Spencer Edmund A.
Published: April 2023

The total energy transfer from the solar wind to the magnetosphere is
governed by the reconnection rate at the magnetosphere edges as the IMF
$B_z$ turns southward. The delayed response of the ring current to
solar wind driving can account for the anomalous growth of the SYM-H
under northward IMF $B_z$. The geomagnetic storm on 21-22 January
2005 is considered to be anomalous as the SYM-H index that signifies the
strength of ring current, grows and has a sustained peak value lasting
more than 6 hrs under northward IMF $B_z$ conditions. In this work,
first the standard WINDMI model is utilized to estimate the growth and
decay of various magnetospheric currents by using several solar
wind-magnetopsehre coupling functions. However, it is found that the
WINDMI model driven by any of these coupling functions is not fully able
to explain the enhancement of SYM-H under northward IMF $B_z$. The
SYM-H variations during the entire duration of the storm were only
reproduced when the effects of the dense plasma sheet were included in
the WINDMI model. The limitations of directly-driven models relying
purely on the solar wind parameters and not accounting for the state of
the magnetosphere are highlighted by this work.
Kinematic Rupture Characterization of Large Compressional Intraslab Earthquakes Along the Tohoku Region, Japan
Authors: Tsuda Kenichi , Yoshida Shohei , Ji Chen , Archuleta Ralph , Sato Toshiaki
Published: April 2023

We examine the source parameters of four Mw≥7.0 intraslab earthquakes
that occurred near the Tohoku coast over the past two decades: 2003,
2011, 2021, and 2022. By analyzing the finite fault slip histories
constrained by inland strong motion observations, we found that these
earthquakes occurred within the upper plane of the subducted Pacific
Plate due to downdip compression caused by plate unbending. These
earthquakes have a more compact fault area and higher stress drop
compared to shallow crustal earthquakes. Additionally, intraslab
earthquakes have much slower relative rupture velocity than shallow
crustal earthquakes. Good spatial correlations between the static stress
drop and slip rate are found, which may suggest the compatibility
between dynamic stress drop and static stress drop. The rupture area,
average slip, asperity area, average static stress drop over the entire
fault, and asperities are consistent with the reported scaling
relationship for global intraslab earthquakes within a similar depth
range. Using plate unbending, we found the recurrence intervals of these
intraslab earthquakes are around 600 years, which is comparable with
that of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. A visual spatial-correlation between
the locations of these earthquakes and seismicity in the lower plane is
reported. These findings provide insights into the tectonic background
and source parameters of intraslab earthquakes in the Tohoku region and
contribute to better seismic hazard assessment.
Linking mineral formation and microbes in high pH fluids: Constraints from the Lost City hydrothermal field
Authors: Aquino Karmina A. , Fruh-Green Gretchen L. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , bontognali tomaso , Foubert Anneleen , Lang Susan Q.
Published: April 2023

The Lost City hydrothermal field (LCHF) is considered an analogue of
Archean alkaline hydrothermal vents where life on Earth may have
spawned. Although Lost City was discovered more than 20 years ago, it
remains unclear to what extent microbes are involved in the
precipitation of the various minerals constituting the hydrothermal
chimneys. Most chimneys preserve flow textures comprised of mineral
walls bounding paleo-channels, which are preserved in inactive vent
structures to a varying degree. Brucite lines the internal part of these
channels, while aragonite dominates the exterior. Calcite is also
present locally, mostly associated with brucite. Based on a combination
of microscopic and geochemical analyses, we interpret brucite, calcite,
and aragonite as primary minerals that precipitate abiotically from
mixing seawater and hydrothermal fluids. We observe local brucite
precipitation on microbial filaments and, in some cases, microbial
filaments may affect the growth direction of brucite crystals. The link
between brucite and organic compounds is further confirmed by
fluorescence microscopy: brucite shows a strong fluorescence not
observed in calcite and aragonite. Our results point to brucite as an
important link to microbial life in alkaline fluids and is potentially a
key aspect for future research on the origin of life.
Downscaling and bias-correction contribute considerable uncertainty to local climate projections in CMIP6
Authors: Lafferty David C , Sriver Ryan L.
Published: April 2023

Efforts to diagnose the risks of a changing climate often rely on
downscaled and bias-corrected climate information, making it important
to understand the uncertainties and potential biases of this approach.
Here, we perform a variance decomposition to partition uncertainty in
global climate projections and quantify the relative importance of
downscaling and bias-correction. We analyze simple climate metrics such
as annual temperature and precipitation averages, as well as several
indices of climate extremes. We find that downscaling and
bias-correction often contribute substantial uncertainty to local
decision-relevant climate outcomes, though our results are strongly
heterogeneous across space, time, and climate metrics. Our results can
provide guidance to impact modelers and decision-makers regarding the
uncertainties associated with downscaling and bias-correction when
performing local-scale analyses, as neglecting to account for these
uncertainties may risk overconfidence relative to the full range of
possible climate futures.
The Role of Climatological State on Driving US Heat Waves Through Rossby Waves Packets
Authors: Castaneda Valentina , Wang Lei
Published: April 2023

While heat waves are local extreme weather events, a planetary Rossby
wave pattern is statistically related to the occurrence of heat waves
events in the U.S. However, whether such planetary wave patterns cause
the enhanced statistics of local heat waves or as a coincidence is
debatable. In this work, we hypothesize that the atmospheric
climatological state dictates the slowly propagating wave pattern, which
sets up a conducive large-scale environment for local US heat waves. We
implement an idealized dry dynamic core model with an iterative approach
to simulate the realistic North American summer climatological state. As
the model can generate similar large-scale planetary wave patterns
propagating throughout North America, significantly more heatwaves are
generated, and the statistics of heat waves become consistent with that
estimated in reanalysis products. The slowly propagating Rossby wave
packets with a timescale of 20-30 days can serve as a new source of
intraseasonal predictability.
Impact of stochastic ocean density corrections on air-sea flux variability
Authors: Agarwal Niraj , Small Justin , Bryan Frank O. , Grooms Ian , Pegion Philip
Published: April 2023

Air-sea flux variability has contributions from both ocean and
atmosphere at different spatio-temporal scales. Atmospheric synoptic
scales and the air-sea turbulent heat flux that they drive are well
represented in climate models, but ocean mesoscales and their associated
variability are often not well resolved due to non-eddy-resolving
spatial resolutions of current climate models. We deploy a physics-based
stochastic subgrid-scale parameterization for ocean density, that
reinforces the lateral density variations due to oceanic eddies, and
examine its effect on air-sea heat flux variability in a comprehensive
coupled climate model. The stochastic parameterization substantially
modifies sea surface temperature (SST) and latent heat flux (LHF)
variability and their co-variability, primarily at scales near the
resolution of the ocean model grid. Enhancement in the SST-LHF anomaly
covariance, and correlations, indicate that the ocean-intrinsic
component of the air-sea heat flux variability improves with respect to
high-resolution satellite observations, especially in Gulf Stream
region.