bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the efficacy of cost contingency plans for construction projects in South Africa
Authors: Akinradewo O , Ngwenya L , Aigbavboa C , Thwala W , Mphela L
Published: November 2019

The use of cost contingency in construction projects provides a lucid and lively recognition of upcoming/impending challenges of cost overrun in delivering the construction project thereby giving room for project delivery to cost. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the efficacy of cost contingency plans for construction projects can be improved. This study adopted the use of a quantitative research approach with the use of questionnaire structured to capture the perceived measures of improving the efficacy of cost contingency plans for construction projects. The study harnessed information from Construction Managers/Project Managers, Contract Managers and Quantity Surveyors in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data retrieved was analysed using mean item score, standard deviation and Kruskal-Wallis H-test. This study was limited to Gauteng province in South Africa due to time and cost constraint. The findings showed that the three most effective measures of the efficacy of cost contingencies in construction projects are assessing risk possibilities, assessing risk impact, and identifying project risk and uncertainties. The study concluded that cost contingency plan can be improved when risks are adequately assessed together with their impact on the construction project. By recommendation, identification; definition; and evaluation of risks is a paramount activity which project professionals must embark upon before a construction project can commence.
Benefits of the Adoption of Facilities Management Practices in Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of Covenant University
Authors: Fadahunsi J O , Utom J A , Ochim M R , Ayedun C A , Oloke O C
Published: November 2019

Management of facilities is an interdisciplinary feature of company that coordinates room, infrastructure, individuals and organization. The application of facilities in higher learning institutions is still to be totally researched on and that is the reason why this research was embarked upon to assess the application of facilities management practices in Covenant University. The study was conducted using questionnaire and interview. A total of sixty-two (62) questionnaires completed by academic staff of the College of Science and Technology were analyzed. The facility manager in the Physical Planning and Development Directorate of Covenant University was interviewed. Findings from the analysis showed the benefit of adopting facilities management principles in Covenant University as proactive maintenance, improved health and safety, good and neat environment, quality services and functional buildings. Likewise, the study identified facility management tools used in Covenant University as asset tracking and register, estate operational plan, costs benefit analysis, energy use auditing and control and performance analysis. The study went further to recommend additional facilities management tools that should be appropriately deployed in the University.
Assessment of Architects’ Knowledge of Passive Design Strategies in Terminal Buildings among Architectural Firms in Lagos State
Authors: Ibem E O , Udezi B E , Oti O M , Fakorede O A
Published: November 2019

Buildings are responsible for over 40% of the global energy consumption in recent times. This has led to the advancement of various strategies for ensuring that building can still perform optimally with a reduce energy consumption level. Designers of modern building structure need to develop a new approach towards harnessing the attributes of nature and its immediate environment in order to achieve a great level of indoor comfort to the users. The concept of passive design planning and strategies has been known to achieve such thermal performance in building a structure and reducing energy consumption to the barest minimum. The study aims at conducting an assessment on the knowledge level of Architects conducting business in Lagos State of passive design strategies in terminal buildings. The study was a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 128 randomly selected registered architectural firms located in Lagos. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the data and the result was presented using Table. The study revealed that Architects in Lagos state have good knowledge about passive design strategies in terminal buildings as all the mean scores were above 3.0. While, building orientation, daylighting, natural ventilation and proper landscaping were identified as the most important among the strategies employed for the passive design of terminal buildings in the achievement of users’ thermal comfort and towards the accomplishing reduced use of mechanical technologies.
Strength and deflection characteristics of concrete reinforced with steel swarf
Authors: Adetukasi A O
Published: November 2019

This paper reports the strength characteristics of concrete reinforced with steel swarf at varying percentages. A total of forty-five concrete specimens were investigated; with a mix proportion of 1:2:4 and water-cement ratio of 0.55, fifteen numbers each of 150mm concrete cubes, 150x300mm concrete cylinders and 150x150x750mm beams, were cast and tested for density, compressive, tensile and flexural strengths. The results showed that workability of Swarf Reinforced Concrete (SRC) is not significantly affected at 0.5% steel swarf content but decreased as the percentage of steel swarf increased. The density of SRC increased as the percentage of fibres increased, due to the material property of the steel swarf. The compressive strength of swarf concrete as compared to normal concrete was found to increase by 1.7%, 4.8% and 5.6% for 1%, 1.5% and 2% swarf content respectively. The obtained increase in the tensile strength was 5.2%, 3.9%, 13% and 26% for 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% swarf content respectively. Using regression analysis, Index models for compressive strength and tensile strength with respect to the swarf content was developed at high coefficient of correlations (R2 values) of 0.9398 and 0.9601 respectively. The maximum failure load recorded for swarf concrete was 2.5 times higher than that of plain concrete. The significant increase in the failure loads for the 1.5% and 2% steel swarf content is an indication that there was good bond between the concrete and the steel swarf. The maximum deflection of 0.57mm was recorded for swarf concrete beams. This is an increase of 103% compared to plain concrete beams. The SRC is able to sustain further deformation under increased load; this is as a result of increased load carrying capacity and ductility of the beam section, which is due to the strength and ductility properties of the embedded steel swarf.
Properties and effects of dormant aggregates on concrete strength
Authors: Ogunbayo B F , Aigbavboa C O
Published: November 2019

Aggregates used for concrete are sometimes abandoned on sites for extended periods of time. These aggregates are left dormant and exposed to harsh weather conditions before utilization. This study investigates the effect of aggregate dormancy of both fine aggregate (river sand) and coarse aggregate (gravel) on quality of concrete produced and its strength. Data for the study was collected over a 3 years dormant period of the aggregates, to determine the efficiency of the aggregates and its quality on concrete production and its strength. Experimental procedures such as; silt content, water absorption, specific gravity, sieve analysis, and the compressive strength test were conducted on the dormant aggregates to analyse its quality and strength of concrete produced through it. The analysis of the performed experiment on the dormant aggregates was presented through tables and figures. The finding of the study shows that that the strength of the concrete increases yearly due to reduction of silt content, high specific gravity, and an increase in the water absorption of the dormant aggregates. Base on the finding of this study, it is concluded that the dormancy of aggregates (river sand and gravel) have no effect on the concrete quality and its strength.
Cost optimisation of the design of reinforced concrete flat slab to BS8110
Authors: Olawale S O A , Tijani M A , Kareem M A , Ogungbire A M , Alabi O
Published: November 2019

The optimum design of reinforced concrete flat slab could reduce its construction cost because it is usually employed in large floor area without any structural framing beams. The design consideration is based on the provision of BS8110 separating the slab into middle and column strips. The optimisation is to find the optimum slab thickness with least cost. The use of the in-built genetic algorithm function of MATLAB software was employed to minimise the design at various steel ratios. The constraints applied were non-linear and thus required a lengthy iteration cycles before convergence. The objective function for either strip is treated separately without any coupling in line with the design philosophy of BS8110. The optimum thicknesses for the middle and column strips are 130mm and 140mm respectively. The reinforcement ratios for the optimum design were also established to be 2% and 3.5% for the middle and column strips respectively.
Recycling of Concrete Demolition Waste: pathway to sustainable development
Authors: Oluwafemi J , Ede A , Ofuyatan O , Oyebisi S , Bankole D
Published: November 2019

Over the years, advancement in the construction industry and the need for change and improvement towards new structures have led to increase in the use of construction materials and generation of construction and demolition wastes (CDW). These construction wastes are aesthetically displeasing and not of good environmental impact. Its presence in the environment also occupies space. This study reviewed researches carried out independently by different researchers to establish the recycling of concrete waste for fresh construction purposes. This puts into consideration the integrity of new structures built from using these concrete wastes; hence researching into its impact on certain properties such as workability, compressive strength, water absorption and more. The line drawn from the distinct works established the possibility of recycling concrete wastes for further use in construction purposes with retention of structural integrity. The results from two research works compared established 25% to 30% optimum replacement level of recycled concrete with satisfactory structural properties.
Realization of agro waste fiber-particulate for low cost aluminium based metal matrix composite: A review
Authors: Udoye N E , Fayomi O S I , Inegbenebor A O
Published: November 2019

The utilization of agro waste fiber particulate from various industries and agricultural sector has elicited research interest in recent years. Presently, high demand has been placed on the use of agro discarded by product to manufacture engineering components to control environmental threats. Agricultural and industrial by- product is selected to ceramic oxide like SiC and A12O3as a result of low cost and world-wide acceptance. The production of cheaper aluminium based metal matrix composites involves using cheaper environmental friendly waste products like rice hush ash as reinforcing material in aluminium alloy. The review paper concentrates on the usage of rice husk ash as reinforcing material to manufacture inexpensive aluminium metal matrix composites. The results of the researches carried out by various authors’ shows that inclusion of rice husk ash as reinforcing agent improves the mechanical characteristics of the composites.
C7+ Reservoir Fluid Characterisation: Modification of Lohrenz Splitting Correlation
Authors: Orodu K B , Anawe P A L , Omojola F A
Published: November 2019

Petroleum reservoir fluid is commonly classified as individual components of C1 – C6 and lumped-up component of C7+. C7+ are hydrocarbon components of C7-heptane and above, that is, heavy hydrocarbons that are minimal in natural gas. De-lumping or splitting of C7+ into individual components is vital for accurate and efficient estimation of fluid properties. A number of correlations exist in literature and pressure-volume-temperature software for this. The least accurate and simple model by Lohrenz, Bray & Clark (1984) was modified in this work. Efficiency of the new model is highly comparable with existing models in the rigorous PVT systems for computing intensive and extensive natural gas properties.
Influence of Some Selected Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Workability and Compressive Strength of Concrete – A Review
Authors: Mark O G , Ede A N , Olofinnade O , Bamigboye G , Okeke C , Oyebisi S O , Arum C
Published: November 2019

Premature deterioration of our nation’s concrete structures has been a persistent and frustrating problem to those responsible for maintaining them as well as to the public. One of the ways to minimize these problems is to make the concrete less permeable by densifying the cementitious paste. This densification is achieved by using a lower water-cement ratio and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Many researchers have successfully provided a rundown of the current facts about the favorable use of supplementary cementitious materials. These summaries contain a limited number of SCMs considered. This paper reviews the influence of twelve (12) selected supplementary cementitious materials, which are; Cupola Furnace Slag Powder (CFSP), Blast Furnace Slag Powder (BFSP), Silica Fume (SF), Fly Ash (FA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Metakaolin (MK), Coconut Husk Ash (CHA), Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), Wood Waste Ash (WWA), Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), Corn Cob Ash (CCA), Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA), workability and compressive strength of concrete, thus providing a larger database of the current facts about the favorable use of industrial and agricultural byproducts in the concrete industry. Review of literature and careful observation of results were used in generating the useful information provided in this paper. This review considered the compressive strength and workability of concrete containing partial substitute of ordinary Portland cement by the aforementioned supplementary cementitious materials. The chemical compositions of each of these selected supplementary cementitious materials were also reported. This study revealed that the incorporation of these twelve SCMs significantly improves the strength and workability of concrete. It is therefore recommended that arrangements be made by those interested in this paper for processing of these SCMs into commercial cement rather than being disposed of as wastes.
Sustainable use of recycled waste glass as an alternative material for building construction – A review
Authors: Ogundairo T O , Adegoke D D , Akinwumi I I , Olofinnade O M
Published: November 2019

The construction industry requires the extraction of natural aggregates and cement in large quantities for new developments and maintenance of buildings and engineering infrastructures. However, extraction of these large quantities of natural resources has resulted in continuous depletion of earth’s natural resources which may lead to environmental degradation. Waste glass can be recycled as a replacement for natural aggregates and cement, therefore, reducing the amount of waste glass dumped in the landfill, and making exploration of natural aggregates unattractive and also reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Conversely, perception on using recycled waste glass for construction is that an increase in cost will be witnessed and may not be as effective as natural aggregates but with more sophisticated research this perception is declining. This paper reviews recycled waste glass, the standards, and sustainable uses of waste glass as a construction material. As the world population continues to increase, including an increase in the standard of living, the volume of generated glass waste will only continue to increase. However, it is important that we need to understand more about the use of recycle waste material such as glass in construction. The use of recycled waste materials in building construction is viewed as a sustainable way of managing wastes and preserving the environment from further degradation.
A Comparative Study of Operations and Maintenance of Iju Water Works
Authors: Ogbiye A S , Ajiboye J O , Akinwumi I I , Fagbenle E , Onakunle O O
Published: November 2019

A water supply system is designed to provide potable water to its intended consumers. The design takes into account the required quantity for the intended population. A typical water supply system includes withdrawal from source, headworks, treatment plant, storage system and distribution system. The operation and maintenance of water supply systems helps it reach its serviceability limit. The study was carried out by comparing the operation and maintenance routine in Iju water supply scheme, Ota and Arakanga water supply scheme, Abeokuta, Ogun State by obtaining records of input parameter such as daily operation routine, installed capacity of the schemes, production duration, salary cost, operation and maintenance cost, chemical cost, output parameters such as volume of water produced and sold, revenue recovered, general customer care and services records. It was observed that the better performance of Abeokuta can be traced to the residence of the government in the state capital, infiltration of elites being the state capital in comparison to Ota which has more middle- and low-income earners in spite of the presence of industries based on the revenue recovery success and government subsidy. It was therefore recommended that operation and maintenance technique used in Arakanga Abeokuta be implemented in Ota, new connections be made in newly developed areas in order to increase the effectiveness of the schemes ensuring that potable and ample supply of water is obtained in these municipal cities.
Mobility dynamics of the elderly: Review of literatures
Authors: Busari A A , Oluwafemi D O , Ojo S A , Oyedepo J O , Ogbiye A S , Ajayi S A , Adegoke D D , Daramola K O
Published: November 2019

Mobility is key to maintaining independence, especially as people age. Sustainable development goals focused on providing access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transportation for all by reducing number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. Providing transportation facilities for the elderly is an important part of sustainable transportation. This review assessed the mobility dynamics of the elderly with the aim of proffering sustainable solutions to the effective mobility of this unique set of individuals. Several literatures on mobility dynamics, travel behaviour and trip pattern of this unique set of people were assessed. The study showed that the use of public transport is influenced by distance in comparison with different modes of transport for the elderly. The review also established that distance is a function of the pendulum pattern. The mobility patterns of older people are influenced by various elements that depend on individual circumstances and state of health. Other factors that influenced mobility dynamics of the seniors as reviewed are age, gender, educational level, type of disability, income, residential area, availability of means of transport and built environment. The outcome of this review will aid transportation policy makers on the way-forward for effective and efficient mobility for the elderly now and in the foreseeable future towards a sustainable transportation system.
Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil from Nimo and Nteje areas of Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuagu F U , Okeke C A U
Published: November 2019

The strength and durability of materials used as subbase and subgrade for pavement design and construction are the main factors determining the performance and service life of highway pavements and airfields. This study investigates the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils from Nimo and Nteje areas of Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. The soil samples obtained from the two study areas are hereinafter referred to as LAT-1 and LAT-2 for Nimo and Nteje areas, respectively. The samples were collected at depths ranging from 1 to 1.5 m, and were analyzed at the Anambra State Materials Testing Laboratory, Awka. Geotechnical tests such as Atterberg limits, Standard Proctor Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Tri-axial tests and Particle size Distribution analysis were conducted on the soils. All the geotechnical tests were done in accordance with the ASTM and British standards. The soil samples were classified as A-2-7, while the unsoaked CBR values of the soils were 0.89 and 1.43 % for LAT-1 and LAT-2, respectively. The Plasticity Index and Maximum Dry Density of the soils were 21 and 17 %, and 1.93 and 2.19 Mg/m3 for LAT-1 and LAT-2, respectively. Similarly, the effective friction angle and effective cohesion of LAT-1 and LAT-2 were determined as 13.54 and 22.09°, and 38.72 and 10.43kPa, respectively. It was found that the lateritic soil from Nteje (LAT-2) showed higher strength and compaction properties than the soil from Nimo (LAT-1). However, the general trend of the results indicates that the lateritic soils are not suitable for use as subbase and subgrade in pavement construction.
Clay soil stabilization using cement kiln dust
Authors: Adeyanju E A , Okeke C A
Published: November 2019

This research investigated the suitability of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the stabilization of clayey soil extracted along a failed road section of Sango, Ota. Since CKD does not need any further processing or treatment, it is cheap as it is a waste product from cement production and can be utilized in powdery form. The suitability of CKD as a stabilizer is dependent on its performance on problematic soil. For this study, it was mixed with clayey soil in varying proportions of 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%. For each combination, several geotechnical tests were carried out. The result shows that the unsoaked CBR of the clay soil increased from 1.49 to 28.6%, and thus indicates that the soil mixed with 10% CKD showed the best mechanical improvement after a curing period of 7 days. Other curing periods were observed. In addition to CBR improvement, other tests such as Atterberg limits, Proctor compaction, and free swell, tests revealed that the geotechnical properties of the stabilized soils increased with an increase in the amount of CKD by dry weight of the soil. It is noted that the use of CKD at 10% was more economical and environmentally beneficial. This research shows the beneficial use of industrial wastes such as CKD in the stabilization of soils, which is line with sustainable waste management practices.
Assessment of the impact of abattoir activities on the physicochemical properties of soils within a residential area of Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
Authors: Elemile O O , Raphael O D , Omole D O , Oluwatuyi O E , Ajayi E O , Umukoro O , Elemile M G
Published: November 2019

Waste effluents from abattoirs have been documented to have harmful effects on the soil media. There is little information about the level of contamination by abattoir effluents on the soil media in Omu-Aran. This study therefore assessed soil samples for possible contamination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals from different points and some meters away from the mini abattoir in Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. Soil samples which are 18 in number were collected from the soil around wells which are owned by individuals and a well designated as Control situated at distances which vary and different elevations to the abattoir. The physicochemical parameters of the soil samples were obtained by applying the standard methods. The analysis of data was achieved using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The mean values of parameters in the soil samples collected around the studied wells ranged from 31.00±2.00–110.03±8.72 mg/L and 7.21±0.02–7.83±0.02 for electrical conductivity and pH respectively. Chloride, nitrate and phosphate had values of 6.37±0.13–9.13±0.21 mg/L, 3.67±0.07–4.50±0.31 mg/L and 3.86±0.07–5.41±0.30 mg/L respectively. However, average values for heavy metals (Ni, Cr and Pb) though slightly higher than the control site, were above permissible limits. Activities within Omu-Aran Abattoir impacts negatively on the surrounding arable soils; therefore, pollution control procedures which are sustainable should be implemented for abattoirs situated in residential areas.
Effects of continuous leaching on engineering properties of lime-stabilized lateritic soils
Authors: Okeke C A U , Johnson A O , Ogbuagu F U , Akinmusuru J O
Published: November 2019

This research investigates the performance of lime-stabilized lateritic subgrades under continuous leaching by focusing on changes in the engineering properties of the natural soil together with those treated with varying proportions of lime. Geotechnical tests conducted include California bearing ratio (CBR), Atterberg limits, particle size analysis and Proctor compaction tests. The leaching test was conducted in a constant-head cylindrical Perspex tank for a period of 28 days. X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted on the extracted leachates coupled with other physicochemical tests such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium and potassium concentrations. The experimental results indicate that the highest CBR value of 47.1% was obtained from the mixture containing 5% lime after a curing period of 7 days. Further increase in the amount of lime resulted in a decrease in CBR, except for the 10% soil-lime mixture which had a CBR value of 31.4% after a curing period of 28 days. Physicochemical analyses showed a significant decrease in EC, calcium and potassium concentrations from the pore fluid of the soil-lime mixtures. The results suggest that the potential for strength loss was higher in the mixtures stabilized below their optimum lime contents than in those stabilized above their optimum lime contents.
Public disposition to household water saving devices in Akure Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi J R
Published: November 2019

Water scarcity has become a perennial problem affecting many households in Nigeria. While water resources in Nigeria are constrained, demand for water has increased and outstripped supply. This is largely due to rapid population growth, economic and agricultural growth, climate change and high standard of living among certain cadres. This paper examines the level of public awareness on the choice of plumbing materials in household water conservation. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to homeowners, plumbers and plumbing materials vendors. The result shows that the choice of plumbing materials is largely based on durability, aesthetic and affordability of the product. The research also revealed that many home owners and plumbers in Akure are not aware of water saving devices which is a common water demand conservation strategy that have recorded high degree of success in many developed and developing countries. It is recommended that government should embark on aggressive public enlightenment campaign through government agencies like National Orientation Agencies (NOA), Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON), Federal and State Ministry of Water Resources to sensitize public on the use of household water conservation devices to reduce water demand.
Adsorption and Desorption Efficiency of a Sugarcane Bagasse in the Removal of Fe2+ from a Galvanizing Industry
Authors: Akanni A O , Ogbiye A S , Oyekanmi E O , Onakunle O O
Published: November 2019

Disposal of industrial effluent is of health concern. Especially effluent from industries such as metal galvanizing, tannery, metallurgical, mining, chemical, battery and nuclear, agriculture, and others that generate heavy metals which deteriorate soil, groundwater quality and bio accumulate in food chains these are particularly harmful to both plants and animals. Removing Heavy Metals are mostly expensive, this necessitate researches on the efficient and effective use of agro based low cost adsorbent, which is also an efficient form of agricultural waste disposal. This study is to remove Fe2+ ions in industrial wastewater using raw Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) adsorbent. The initial concentration of Fe2+ ions in the industrial (galvanizing) wastewater was first analyzed to determine the removal efficiency of SCB in adsorbing Fe2+ from wastewater and the optimum conditions (such as effect of phase contact time, rotating speed and concentration dosage) of the adsorbent was determined. The following characteristics of the agro waste material and wastewater were determined; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR analysis, digestion of wastewater samples and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis. The results show that percentage removal of Fe2+ ions from aqueous solution was 95.11% with the raw sugarcane bagasse adsorbent. The sorption capacity decreases with increasing dosage concentration and phase contact time and the desorption studies demonstrated important data for the regeneration and recovery of both adsorbent and heavy metal ions.
Overview of Industrial Pollution Activities and its Curbing Mechanisms
Authors: Fayomi G U , Mini S E , Fayomi O S I , Oyeleke O , Omole D O , Akinwumi I I
Published: November 2019

Pollution is a global phenomenon, which has been proven responsible for countless untold havoc to the environment and ecosystem at large resulting into global warming, climate change, deterioration of the ecosystem, and scarcity of resources. Industrial activities have as a whole been proven to be an ardent contributor to the global menace of environmental pollution worldwide, with a contribution percentage of 61%, and the cement industry in particular has been ranked as the third most polluting in the industrial sector. As countries look towards a more sustainable future, radical gains and changes have been necessitated in the industry, and though strides have been made in terms of energy consumption with 6% gains and emission reduction between 20-40% gains, yet pollution is still on the rise in the industry. This review paper delves into the subject matter and examines the underlying links between pollution rise and industrialization and then the cement industry; key correlations, the current and potential gains made, current and future projections and the factors facilitating the increased rate of pollution in the cement industry.
Assessment of road infrastructure using remote sensing and GIS methodology for monitoring the condition of paved and unpaved roads
Authors: Ojo S A , Olusina J O , Ngene B U , Busari A A , Adediran J , Eletu A
Published: November 2019

This research primarily aims to develop a method in which road distress can be identified at early stage so that it could be maintained and fixed early thus avoiding critical damage. The primary source of data for the project was obtained by field survey with the use of vehicle and a handheld GPS to obtain the coordinates of each distress and a digital camera was used to take the pictures of the distress. The secondary sources of data include the Google Earth Imagery and the Remote sensing data. The approach adopted in this work involves obtaining the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the photographs of each distress noticed on the road, and then attaching the photographs to the classified map. The study was conducted in Yewa South Local Government in Ogun State in Nigeria which cover an area of 656,54 sqkm with population of 168,850 at the 2006 census. The study area has a total road length of 893.017 km. Assessment of road infrastructure using remote sensing and ArcGIS Geodatabase methodology for monitoring the condition of paved and unpaved road is an efficient approach utilized in management, planning and subsequent development of the road network in the study area.
Integrated water resources management in Nigeria: Implications for sustainable national development
Authors: Ngene B U , Nwafor C O , Bamigboye G O , Ogbiye A S , Ogundare J O , Akpan V E
Published: November 2019

This research is aimed at reviewing the current position and implication of sustainable national development of Nigeria as it concerns holistic water resources management. A new model of integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been developed by researchers and theorists and supported by international organisations that emphasize the multifunctional nature of water. However, there has been much debate on the feasibility of IWRM especially in the African context. The approach adopted in this paper is the review of literature centred on the implementation of IWRM in developing countries and with particular reference to Africa and makes recommendations that would ensure continued progress in the management of water resources in Nigeria. Among the conclusions reached in this paper is the fact that although the process of implementing IWRM in Nigeria may be difficult, a progressive approach that prioritises capacity development, policy and institutional reforms, and transparency will go a long way towards ensuring that Nigeria’s vast water resources are managed and developed in a way that maximises benefit while maintaining the health of the natural environment.
The stability analysis of a highway embankment founded on lime-stabilized soft soils in Calabar, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Okeke C A U , Ifediniru C , Adeyanju E , Ede A N
Published: November 2019

Highway embankment failures are common phenomena in Southern Nigeria. To this end,in situ geotechnical tests and laboratory analyses were used to characterize the underlying lithologic units along a highway alignment in Calabar, Nigeria. The engineering behaviour of the soils mixed with various lime contents was evaluated after a curing period of 28 days. Limit equilibrium analysis was used to determine the factor of safety (FS) for the most critical slip surface for the embankment with height in the range of 4 to 7 m. Undrained triaxial tests conducted on the unstabilized soil indicate an undrained shear strength of 10 to 17 kPa, while the undrained shear strength of the lime-stabilized soils varied from 87 to 198 kPa, as lime content increased from 3 to 12%. Stability analysis carried out on the unstabilized soil samples indicates that FS ranged from 0.88 to 1.33 for the various embankment heights and analysis methods, while FS for the shallow (1-5 m) stabilization varied from 1.09 to 5.02 for the various embankment heights, lime contents and analysis methods. The stability of the embankment was found to increase with an increase in lime content and depth of stabilization even for the most extreme loading condition.
Monitoring of riverbank stability and seepage undercutting mechanisms on the Iju (Atuwara) River, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okeke C A U , Ede A N , Kogure T
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the results of a monitoring programme designed to investigate the inherent factors contributing to channel instability and riverbank erosion on the Iju River, Southwest Nigeria. Detailed reconnaissance surveys and in situ measurements were used to determine the geomorphometric characteristics of the riverbanks at more than 15 locations along the river channel. Laboratory tests in combination with the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) and Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) were conducted to determine the shear strength characteristics and erosion potential of the riverbanks. The BSTEM results indicate that the factor of safety (FS) decreased from the initial values of 2.64 and 4.42 to 1.09 and 0.51, respectively. Further correlation of FS with root depth and depth of tension crack showed that FS was positively correlated with root depth but decreased with an increase in the depth of tension crack. The high BEHI values of 26 and 32 gave credence to the assumptions regarding the high erosion potential of the Iju riverbanks. These research findings are essential for the development of a watershed-scale natural disaster mitigation plan for the Southwest region of Nigeria.
Investigating the near surface leachate movement in an open dumpsite using surficial ERT method
Authors: Oyeyemi K D , Aizebeokhia A P , Ede A N , Rotimi O J , Sanuade O A , Olofinnade O M , Ekhaguere O A , Attat O
Published: November 2019

Geoelectrical resistivity imaging technique was conducted at Abule-egba open dumpsite, Lagos with intentions to monitor the movement of the contaminant leachate within the near surface. The two survey traverses (T1 and T2) of 2D electrical resistivity tomography were conducted using Wenner array configuration with minimum electrode spacing of 1 metre and maximum data levels of seven. The inversion models revealed the two delineated geoelectrical layers which are sandy-clay and sand units. The leachate fluids has the resistivity values of 5.75 – 10.4 Ωm at depth range of 2.5 – 4.0 metres along T1 and T2 moving from NW to the SE section. The leachate fluids are capable of polluting shallow groundwater aquifer within the study area and the residents are advised to drill deeper in the subsurface for clean and portable groundwater resources.
Measurement of train-induced vibration for track parameter identification: Bayesian probabilistic approach
Authors: Alabi S A , Alabi T A
Published: November 2019

The train-induced vibration response is used to develop a comprehensive finite element model for the railway track, which considered rail-sleeper-ballast interaction. This model can be further use in the development of an operational monitoring system for railway track by following the Bayesian statistical system identification framework. However, it is believed that the uncertainties associated with the measured train-induced test data and model parameters are relatively high, therefore, the corresponding model updating problem will very likely to be in the category of unidentifiable case. Therefore, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation was used in generating the samples for the approximation of the posterior uncertainties. The measurements also provide not only reference values suitable for model fitting, but also a good insight into the main features of the dynamic behaviour of the railway track system. Finally, the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated by numerically reproducing the system responses. Modelling assumptions are discussed, together with their implications on numerical results of the time-domain analysis, which were found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
He’s polynomials method for analytical solutions of telegraph equation
Authors: Edeki S O , Ofuyatan O M , Akinlabi G O
Published: November 2019

In this paper, He’s polynomials solution method (HPSM) is fully utilized for solving telegraph equation. The proposed HPSM is technically presented and applied to homogeneous linear form the telegraph equation. The results are expressed in closed form with good agreement compared to those in literature thereby attesting to the efficiency and reliability of the method as proposed. The HPSM remarked to be less time consuming with high level of accuracy. As such, it can serve as alternative to other methods.
Modified Almost Unbiased Two-Parameter Estimator in linear regression model
Authors: Lukman A F , Adewuyi E , Oladejo N , Olukayode A
Published: November 2019

Wu and Yang [1] proposed an almost unbiased two-parameter estimator as an alternative to the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) in a multicollinear regression model. We introduce modified almost unbiased two-parameter estimator by combining two ideas. The mean squared error matrix of the proposed estimator was derived and the performance compared with some existing estimators. The theoretical results were accompanied by a numerical example and a simulation study.
Infopreneurship in a developing country: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Aregbesola A , Van der Walt T , Owolabi S , Idiegbeyan-ose J , Okocha F , Eyiolorunshe T
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper was to discuss the opportunities and challenges of infopreneurship in a developing country. It started with the introduction of the concept; it further discussed the current state of infopreneurship in Nigeria. The paper further highlighted the benefits and challenges of the practice of infopreneurship in Nigeria. It also stated that developed nations have been able to checkmate unemployment, hooliganism, robbery, terrorism and several other national challenges by encouraging infopreneurship through support from government and corporate organizations. The practice has been challenged in Nigeria by lack of structure and coordination from several operators. The paper concluded that infopreneurship plays a strategic role in the economic sector of Nigeria. Therefore, government at all levels should support the success of infopreneurship in Nigeria as this will help to reduce the rate of employment and at the same time lead to the development of the nation.
Implications of occupational hazards on attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Nigerian Construction Industry
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni P F , Afolabi A O , Olowookere E I , Okpalamoka O I , Oluwatobi A O
Published: November 2019

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were framed to provide solutions to challenges confronting humanity. The SDGs are interconnected and will require the efforts of individuals and different sectors of the economy for attainment. One of the goals of the SDGs is to ensure good health and promote well-being for all by 2030. Sectors such as construction have high incidence of occupational hazards which affect the wellbeing of operatives in the industry. This paper reports the findings from a survey of 100 craftsmen in Lagos, Nigeria. Data obtained through the survey were evaluated by means of frequencies and charts. The study showed that majority of the craftsmen surveyed suffered one form of health challenge or the other. Occupational hazards drain the resources of workers. It also leads to absenteeism, low productivity and poor project performance. On a national scale, occupational hazards increase disease burden which is an additional cost to government spending on health care. The findings have negative implications on the attainment of goals 1 (no poverty), goal 3 (health and wellbeing) and goal 8 (decent work). Findings from the research can be used to create policies on occupational safety and compliance on construction sites.
Electric power quality control in electro-technical complexes of oil processing plant
Authors: Gulkov Y V , Turysheva A V , Gurkin P B
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with electric power quality research, in the load buses of the electrical networks of oil processing plant (“Production Association “Kirishinefteorgsintez”, LLC). Measurements were carried out under conditions of operating equipment at the distribution substations of the enterprise and at the division boundary of inventory responsibility with the power-supply system at the points of power transmission from the power-supply system to the industrial consumer. Assessment of the allowed contribution to the deterioration of electric power quality showed that at the increase in the rated capacity of drives based on frequency converters over 12% of the total installed capacity of electricity receivers of oil processing plant, the maximum allowed voltage waveform distortion coefficient values at the points of power transmission will be exceeded. To implement normalizing the electromagnetic environment and lowering non-sinusoidality of voltage, proposed is a system of measures, that allows controlling electric power quality indicators within the limits, stipulated by regulatory documents, resulting to reducing the risk of penalties by the power-supply authority and large scale undersupply of products under conditions of continuous technological cycle.
Numerical simulation of electromagnetic and thermal processes in high-speed electric machines
Authors: Pisarevsky Yu V , Burkovsky V L , Yu Pisarevsky A , Fursov V B , Borisova A I , Yu Gusev K
Published: November 2019

In this paper high-speed electric motors are considered, allowing one to obtain the necessary weight and dimensions for modern equipment. The creation of high-speed machines is directly related to the study of factors limiting their range of rotational speeds with the choice of electrical steel with lower specific losses and sheets of smaller thickness and modeling the magnetic field in the magnetic system of the machine.
Modernization of the energy system of an enterprise
Authors: Sklyar A V , Marinchenko T E
Published: November 2019

Energy saving in any enterprise is an actual problem associated with the rising cost of energy. In this case, the cost of electricity is among the most expensive components. One of the most effective ways to save electricity is to use energy-saving technologies and modernize energy systems, including using “small” energy systems. The task was to modernize the energy system of the Cherepovets poultry farm in order to reduce energy costs. After completing the cycle of work on a comprehensive assessment of possible options, production verification and implementation, the most effective way to reduce the cost of electricity was the method of upgrading the energy system based on “small generation” means using traditional fuels. The modernization allowed the Cherepovets poultry farm to annually generate up to one-third of its own electricity through a mini-combined heat and power station (mini-CHP) and keep the cost of the kWh generated three times lower than that in the grid. It confirmed the possibility of sharing the poultry farm and grids of its 6 (10) kV transmission lines and transformer substation on the territory of the farm.
Thermal model of a linear electric machine
Authors: Safin A R , Ivshin I V , Petrov T I
Published: November 2019

A thermal model of a linear synchronous electric machine with permanent magnets has been developed. This model makes it possible to obtain the most accurate description of thermal processes, and to determine the maximum allowable output power, the parameters affecting heat transfer, and measures for thermal protection of a linear electric machine.
Electromagnetic safety in points of overhead power lines and electrified railroads crossing
Authors: Buyakova N V , Zakaryukin V P , Kryukov A V
Published: November 2019

Traction networks of alternating current electrified railroads generate large electromagnetic fields with 50 Hz frequency. In points of overhead power lines (OPL) and electrified railroads crossing, traction network electromagnetic fields and overhead power lines interfere with each other, which can result in increase in intensities and appearance of the field complex spatial structure. To determine intensities of electrical and magnetic fields which are created in points of crossing, a procedure for intensities summing has been developed, which is based on fields intensities calculation with Fazonord software application, the fields corresponding to traction network and overhead power line mode. Modeling results indicated that intensities of traction network magnetic field are increased up to 13% by interference of 220 kV intensities power lines magnetic field, while at a regulated height of 1.8 m, magnetic field amplitude equals to 82 A/m. At the same time, OPL can increase traction field electrical field strength in the point of crossing by 66% while reaching 5.5 kV/m at 1.8 m height.