bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI MASSA KATUP LIMBAH POMPA HYDRAM TERPASANG DI WILAYAH MUNDUK GUNUNG DESA PETANG
Authors: Suarda M. , Suaniti N.M. , Sucipta M. , Suweden N. , Dwijana I.G.K.
Published: January 2024

Paper ini menginvestigasi pengaruh massa katup limbah pompa hydram yang telah didesain dan dipasang untuk menyalurkan air bersih ke perumahan penduduk di wilayah Munduk Gunung Desa Petang. Fasilitas umum yang tersedia masih minim. Salah satunya adalah belum tersedianya fasiltas pelayanan air bersih masyarakat, dimana masyarakat masih menghandalkan air hujan atau membeli air tangki. Sesuai dengan nama wilayahnya permukiman ini berada pada dataran tinggi (512 m.dpl), sedangkan sumber air yang tersedia berada di dataran rendah (410 m.dpl) dengan perbedaan elavasi 102 meter. Jarak dari mata air ke reservoir adalah 600 meter melalui tebing yang terjal. Hasil survei awal menunjukkan bahwa mata air tersebut mempunyai kapasitas aliran sekitar 3 liter/detik dan potensi terjunan/head 4,5 meter. Pompa hydram telah didesain, dibuat, dipasang dan dioperasikan yang didukung pendanaannya melalui hibah pengabdian PNBP Universitas Udayana skim PUMA. Pengujian unjuk kerja pompa hydram telah dilakukan pada lima variasi massa katup limbahnya. Pengujian performansi menunjukkan bahwa pompa hydram ini mencapai performansi optimalnya pada massa katup limbahnya 3.25 kg. Pada kondisi optimal tersebut pompa hydram ini beroperasi pada efisiensi totalnya 95% dengan debit pemompaan 0,115 lt/dt atau 9,94 m3/hari) pada ketinggian elevasi pemompaan 102 meter, dengan nilai ekonomi yang dierikan mencapai Rp. 17.885.000 per bulan. Jadi dengan biaya investasi sekitar Rp. 42.500.000 dan hampir tidak membutuhkan biaya operasional karena tidak membutuhkan bahan bakar atau energi listrik maka tentunya pompa hydram ini sangat menguntungkan untuk diaplikasikan.

Kata kunci : Pompa hydram, massa katup limbah, performansi pompa, wilayah Munduk Gunung, Desa Petang
PENYULUHAN KAUM IBU JEMAAT GEREJA KRISTEN INJILI NUSANTARA (GKIN) MENGENAI MAKANAN SEHAT BAGI KELUARGA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Manurung H. , Simanungkalit F.J. , Naibaho B.
Published: January 2024

Serangan pandemi Covid-19 telah membuka kesadaran kita mengenai pentingnya menjaga kesehatan tubuh sekaligus meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Kasus suspect Covid-19 ternyata lebih tinggi terjadi pada daerah yang masyarakatnya memiliki pola makan tidak beragam. Penyuluhan kepada masyarakat mengenai Pedoman Gizi Seimbang (PGS), isi piringku dan makanan berimbang, bergizi, dan beragam (B3) perlu dilakukan kepada kaum ibu mengingat perannya dalam penyediaan makanan bagi keluarga. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan di Gereja Kristen Injili Nusantara (GKIN) Desa Bakaran Batu, Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Peserta penyuluhan adalah kaum ibu dari jemaat GKIN dengan jumlah 22 orang. Penyuluhan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta mengenai makanan sehat, dan mampu memanfaatkan bahan pangan lokal yang ada disekitar lingkungan tempat tinggal untuk meningkatkan gizi makanan keluarga. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan secara tatap muka langsung dengan peserta kegiatan. Materi makanan sehat dipresentasikan kepada peserta dan dilanjutkan dengan praktik pembuatan mi labu kuning dan bakso wortel. Hasil uji Wicoxon menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pemahaman kaum ibu terhadap makanan sehat dan mampu membuat produk makanan sehat mi labu kuning dan bakso wortel dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan produk lokal. Penyuluhan kepada kaum ibu Gereja Kristen Injili Nusantara (GKIN) Bakaran Batu berhasil mencapai sasaran.

Kata kunci : Covid-19, isi piringku, makanan sehat, pangan lokal, pedoman gizi seimbang.
Audit Quality dan Value Relevance of Accounting Information
Authors: Setiawan Yan Christianto , Mettan Santho Vlennery
Published: January 2024

Users of financial reports need relevant information as a basis for making decisions. The existence of an auditor helps investors in assessing the quality of accounting information. The research aims to examine the quality of audit reports as proxied by the size of the public accounting firm and audit opinions on the value relevance of accounting information. The research population is all sectors of business entities registered on the IDX in the 2018-2021 period. A total of 1,480 observations were used as samples in the research. Researchers use a fixed effect model in a panel data structure to test hypotheses. The research results show that auditor size increases the relevance of earnings value, but reduces the relevance of book value. Meanwhile, the audit opinion was found not to affect the relevance of accounting information. The research findings are interesting because audit opinions provided by Big 4 auditors increase the relevance of book value. This research is expected to help investors consider audit quality as an integral part of fundamental analysis, as well as contribute to the development of the topic of value relevance of accounting information and audit quality.

Keywords: Audit, Financial Statement, Value Relevance
Karakteristik CEO dan Pengungkapan Informasi ESG Perusahaan Publik Indonesia
Authors: Yapianto Wilson , Dewi Luh Gede Krisna
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of CEO educational background, CEO tenure and CEO age on ESG information disclosure. This research was conducted on manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The sample for this research was determined using a purposive sampling method with a sample of 32 observations. The collected data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that the CEO educational background and CEO tenure variables do not have a significant influence on ESG distance, while CEO age has a negative influence on ESG distance. Research can provide information to companies in selecting CEOs with stereotypes by revealing ESG and factors that can influence it, namely the age of the CEO. It can be recommended that companies monitor ESG reporting and disclosure, while still considering the age of a CEO which influences ESG reporting.

Keywords: Educational Background; Tenure; Age; ESG
Rasio Finansial Perusahaan dan Trade-Off Pelaporan Keuangan-Perpajakan
Authors: Toly Agus Arianto , Fangie Gloria , Maria Machiko Giovanni
Published: January 2024

The research aims to determine the trade-off between the aggressiveness of financial reporting and taxation faced by management. By taking a sample of 230 company observations on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2019-2021 period using a purposive sampling method, this study analyzes the influence of five financial variables on the trade-off between financial reporting aggressiveness and taxation, including debt ratio, debt maturity, financing deficit. , internal and external capital market funding ratios, and profitability. The analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of the research show that the level of debt ratios, long-term debt and financing deficits have a positive influence on the aggressiveness of financial reporting, while the funding ratio in the external capital market and profitability have a significant negative influence. This study provides guidance to auditors to carefully examine a company's financial statements to ensure compliance with accounting standards and fairness

Keywords : Book-tax trade off; Financial ratio; Earnings management; Tax aggressiveness
Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Nilai Perusahaan dengan Good Corporate Governance sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Yudiantari I Gusti Ayu Novi , Yasa Gerianta Wirawan
Published: January 2024

The purpose of study to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on firm value with Good Corporate Governance as a moderator. This research was conducted on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sample was determined used purposive sampling technique and obtained the number of samples used as objects of observation was 134 company data. The data analysis technique used is Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the analysis conducted, the results were obtained that the Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure has a positive effect on firm value and Good Corporate Governance weakens the positive effect of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on firm value.

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure; Good Corporate Governance; Firm Value
Peningkatan Kinerja Pemerintahan Melalui Good Government Governance dan Pencegahan Korupsi
Authors: Hadi Aditya Anton Atmojo , Chariri Anis
Published: January 2024

Indonesia has enormous economic potential, but not been able to make the Indonesian people prosperous. This problem occurs because corrupt practices that cause loss of government resources. A good management system needs to be developed to reduce the occurrence of corruption This research aims to investigate the relationship between regional government governance, quality of corruption prevention and regional government performance in 34 provincial governments in Indonesia. This research uses Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis with the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. This research uses secondary data from government institutions for 2021-2022. The results of this research state that the three variables have a significant positive relationship and have a causal relationship.
Kecanggihan Teknologi Informasi, Skill, Pengalaman Kerja, Kompleksitas Tugas pada Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi
Authors: Paramitha Febby Dwi , Supadmi Ni Luh
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of information technology sophistication, skills, work experience, and task complexity on the effectiveness of the accounting information system in the South Kuta District Village Credit Institution. The sample used was 85 employees who implemented an accounting information system. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method. The analysis technique applied is multiple linear regression. The findings show that the sophistication of information technology, skills, work experience and task complexity have a positive influence on the effectiveness of the accounting information system in the South Kuta District LPD. The implications of this research for the LPD are that it is able to provide additional information regarding the factors that influence the effectiveness of the accounting information system, so it is hoped that it will be useful in increasing the effectiveness of the accounting information system in the South Kuta District LPD.

Keywords: Accounting Information System; Information Technology Sophistication; Skills; Work Experience; Task Complexity.
Environmental Uncertainty sebagai Pemoderasi Budaya Organisasi, Sistem Informasi, Narcissm Behavioral, Sistem Pengendalian Intern, dan Fraudulent Financial Reporting
Authors: Pituringsih Endar , Basuki Prayitno , Akram Akram
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of organizational culture, artificial intelligence-based accounting information systems, and narcissistic behavior on internal control systems that are moderated by environmental uncertainty. The research also tested the influence of the internal control system on fraudulent financial reporting. This research was conducted at a hotel on Lombok Island. The total research population was 73 hotels with 146 research respondents. The data analysis method uses Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). The research results show that organizational culture and artificial intelligence-based accounting information systems have a positive effect on the internal control system. However, narcissistic behavior has no influence on the internal control system. Environmental uncertainty strengthens the influence of organizational culture and artificial intelligence-based hotel accounting information systems on internal control systems. Meanwhile, environmental uncertainty does not strengthen the influence of narcissistic behavior on the internal control system. Finally, the internal control system has no effect on fraudulent financial reporting.

Keywords: HR Competency; Government Internal Control System (SPIP); Organizational Environment; Financial Reporting Quality and Regional Government Information System (SIPD)
CONTINUOUS OVERCAST DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY: A NEW SENSOR-LESS ALGORITHM FOR LIGHTING SMART CONTROLS
Authors: Acosta I. , Campano M. , Fernandez-Aguera J. , Bustamante P.
Published: January 2024

Daylight dynamic metrics are valuable instruments for determining the activation or dimming of electric lighting systems linked to an architectural context. An updated version of these metrics can also be employed to establish strategies to adapt the luminaires to the daylight conditions, dimming the luminous flux without external devices and consequently increasing the energy saving of the lighting system. Given this scenario, a new concept is proposed, Continuous Overcast Daylight Autonomy (DAo.con), conceived as the percentage of occupied time during which an illuminance threshold is reached by daylight considering a continuous overcast sky, giving a partial credit linearly to values below the limit defined. This new metric is based in a collection of weighting factors, which serve to define an algorithm that adjust the luminous flux of the lighting fixtures depending on the Daylight Factors and the solar elevation, taking into account the user needs.
A CONTINUOUS RATING EXPERIMENT TO TEST THE FEASIBILITY OF WORKING WITH HIGH-LUMINANCE MONITORS TO INCREASE LIGHT AT EYE LEVEL
Authors: Daneels R. , Van de Perre L. , Ryckaert W.
Published: January 2024

Adequate indoor lighting should compensate for the lack of daylight by providing more light at eye level. Employing High Dynamic Range (HDR) monitors with high-lumen output could be a way to accommodate this need for more light. However, people will dislike working with a monitor if it is too bright for the environment. Therefore, a visual experiment was conducted, evaluating reading comfort on a continuous rating scale under various monitor and ambient luminance levels. Reading comfort improved as ambient luminance levels increased. However, at higher ambient luminance levels (above 34 cd∙m−2), reading comfort stabilized for all monitor luminance levels. Unexpectedly, there was no difference in reading comfort between the monitor luminance levels. However, the current rating scale experiment might be insufficient to fully capture the true differences between monitor luminance levels. Therefore an additional visual experiment is planned, employing a paired comparison psychophysical procedure.
STUDY ON LIGHTING PLANNING FOR ACTIVE EVACUATION GUIDANCE DESIGN
Authors: Akizuki Y. , Nagaya R. , Yamaguchi H. , Hori Y.
Published: January 2024

This study examined the effects of the visual environment conditions of evacuation routes on walking time and psychology, understand the lighting requirements for effective evacuation guidance in smoke environments. The results of this study indicate that smoke density has a significant effect on evacuation behaviour, and that the thicker the smoke density, the slower the walking speed and the greater the psychological burden. However, the use of high luminance of light source and continuous installation of lighting for active evacuation guidance can support evacuation behaviour even in a high smoke density environment. In addition to conventional guide lights and emergency lighting, lighting design of evacuation routes based on the luminance distribution of the evacuees' field of view is necessary to properly and actively "guide" evacuees to exits and "eliminate their sense of uneasiness" and will be further studied.
IS IT TIME FOR A NON-BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE OBSERVER?
Authors: Iacomussi P. , Braun A. , Denny P. , Dingess R. , Carlson P. , Degan B.
Published: January 2024

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) play a relevant role in compensating for human physical limitations and increasing road safety. Cameras and sensors (e.g., lidar) are crucial for a vehicle to sense and perceive road surroundings and act to increase driving safety. Thus, driving is no longer a human-only visual task. Camera systems have been developed over many decades with the human visual system as a reference, both as a technical basis (e.g., the choice of colour filter arrays) as well as the final application, providing an image to the driver. Increasingly, this reliance on the human visual system limits the development and performance of ADAS functionality, as the consumption of the images by a computer vision algorithm has distinctly different requirements than the human visual system. In this article, we detail these differing requirements with examples from automotive applications, to support the need for a new non-biological reference observer like the CIE photometric reference observer for colours.
A FIRST STEP IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A GRAZING LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR MOTORWAYS: A PRACTICAL CASE STUDY CONSIDERING FOG AS THE MAIN INFLUENCE QUANTITY
Authors: Angrisani L. , Bonini G. , De Benedetto E. , Rossi G.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, grazing lighting systems have anticipated great potential for lighting motorways, but there are great difficulties in the correct sizing of the lighting installation and in quantifying the pros and cons in the obtainable visibility conditions.
With the sponsorship of the Italian Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport (MIT) and the scientific partnership of the University of Naples Federico II, Movyon is carrying out a dedicated analysis to draw up design and maintenance guidelines for grazing lighting systems applications especially in highways.
In this regard, in this work, the preliminary experimental results obtained in relation to the presence of fog are presented. The investigation is carried out by designing and implementing a dedicated setup able to reproduce visibility conditions in a foggy environment. Several luminous intensity distributions and positions of the grazing lighting systems sources are compared considering the deterioration of the contrast of reference objects on the carriageway as the fog density increases.
CYCLIST FATALITIES INCREASE ON UNLIT ROADS
Authors: Uttley J. , Fotios S. , Lovelace R. , Vidal-Tortosa E.
Published: January 2024

Darkness discourages cycling. A major reason for this is perceptions of safety – cycling after dark feels more dangerous as it is more difficult to see hazards in the path, and the cyclist is less conspicuous to motorists. Are these perceptions justified? To find out we assessed the accuracy of such perceptions by analysing crash data from Great Britain to understand the risk darkness poses to cyclists. We found that darkness increases the risk of being involved in a crash, but we did not find darkness increases the risk of being killed, while cycling. However, we did find that the odds of a cyclist being killed in a crash after dark are eight times higher on unlit roads than on lit roads, before accounting for confounding variables such as road speed limits and other road characteristics associated with presence/absence of lighting. These findings help develop the evidence that is needed to ensure cyclists are accounted for in lighting design guidance.
A MODEL FOR DETECTING DAYLIGHT PROVISION TO SAVE ENERGY AND TO COMPLY WITH THE EN-12464-1 STANDARD
Authors: Einola K. , Juslén H.
Published: January 2024

This study presents a concept for reducing maintained illuminance (Ēm) based on daylight provision and suggests three models for automatically detecting it using commercially available ceiling sensors. Daylight-linked control (DLC) typically adjusts artificial lights to maintain a predefined illuminance according to daylight levels. However, the standard EN-12464-1 suggests increasing Ēm under certain circumstances called "context modifiers," such as low daylight provision in task areas. Maintaining increased Ēm continuously contradicts energy-saving goals. Daylight provision was measured in three rooms over 33 days in autumn, winter, and spring. Two models were evaluated using this data. Results indicate the feasibility of automatically detecting daylight, although the presence of artificial light presented some limitations. In summary, this study introduces a concept for lowering Ēm based on daylight provision and proposes three models for automatic detection. The findings suggest the potential for energy-efficient lighting control, although further considerations are required regarding artificial light influences.
TESTING COLOUR-DIFFERENCE FORMULAS FROM LMS COLOUR SPACES INSPIRED IN CIELAB
Authors: Wang L. , Li C. , Xiao K. , Gao C. , Melgosa M.
Published: January 2024

CIELAB was recommended by CIE in 1976 as an approximately uniform colour space and colour-difference formula based on CIE X Y Z tristimulus values. In this paper, analogous to CIELAB were evaluated using L M S and XF YF ZF colour spaces in place of X Y Z. From COM-corrected visual dataset employed at CIEDE2000 development, using the Standardized Residual Sum of Squares, we found that CIELAB and its analogous in XF YF ZF space performed similarly, but the analogous to CIELAB in L M S colour space performed worse.. Anyway, CIELAB structure can be optimized by fitted values of parameters in L M S or XF YF ZF spaces proposed in this work. The improved CIELAB in XF YF ZF space can be used as an approximately uniform colour space and colour-difference formula, following research proposed by CIE TC 1-98.
VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE DISCOMFORT GLARE EVALUATION MODEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE VISUAL SYSTEM
Authors: Hara N. , Takase K.
Published: January 2024

Recently, a model for evaluating discomfort glare has been proposed in accordance with the visual system, which encompasses various visual characteristics from the visual optical system to the visual nervous system. The model is very complex, and evaluation is not easy. In addition, it is a problem that the visual characteristics included in the model have not been sufficiently examined to determine whether they are suitable for the evaluation of discomfort glare.
In this paper, we report on the experiments we conducted to identify visual characteristics and the visual characteristics we identified in the process of constructing a discomfort glare evaluation model composed of the main factors reported in another paper (Takase, 2023b).
IS THERE AN EFFECT OF MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY ON DISCOMFORT GLARE IN INDOOR DAYLIGHT CONDITIONS?
Authors: Jain S. , Karmann C. , Andersen M. , Wienold J.
Published: January 2024

Discomfort glare from daylight can lower productivity and hinder effective use of daylight in buildings. Existing glare prediction models have limitations in accounting for the large inter-individual differences, mainly due to unknown physiological factors underlying discomfort glare. Our study aims to determine whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in the human retina influences individual glare sensitivity in indoor daylit environments. We conducted user studies involving 149 participants in office-like settings, and evaluated their glare sensitivity to visible sun-disc behind either colour-neutral glazing or saturated blue-coloured glazing, both with very low visual transmittances. Findings revealed that in neutral daylit conditions, participants’ measured MPOD did not have any significant influence on their glare sensitivity. However, in conditions where the sun was visible through blue-coloured glazing, participants with higher MPOD demonstrated lower sensitivity to glare. These findings elucidate the role of macular pigments on individual glare sensitivity and provide insights for future research.
A NEW DATABASE OF HUMAN SKIN COLOUR
Authors: Lu Y. , Xiao K. , Sueeprasan S. , Li C. , Pointer M.
Published: January 2024

Reliable and accurate skin colour measurements are of vital importance in a wide range of applications. This paper presents a comprehensive database of human skin colour and investigates the variations across ethnicities, genders, ages, and body locations. Nine separate data sets of spectrophotometric measurements of skin reflectance were collected from different laboratories around the world with 12 355 skin patches have been measured. Overall, skin colour distributions were found to largely overlap across ethnic groups. Variations in ethnicity were mostly found in the lightness and yellowness of skin, while differences between body locations were primarily found in the redness of skin. The lightness of skin was also consistently influenced by gender and females were found to have a lighter skin colour than males. Meanwhile, the younger subjects had slightly lighter skin than the elderly. The new database is expected to benefit numerous research fields and applications related to human skin.
BILBOARD LIGHTING SYSTEMS MODELING FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ITS RADIATION INTO UPPER HEMISPHERE
Authors: Novak T. , Vavra L. , Valicek P. , Gono R.
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the impact of billboard lighting systems on the light radiation into the upper hemisphere. Using a software goniophotometer, we modelled and analysed the Luminous Intensity Distribution Curves (LIDCs) of various billboard lighting systems configuration. Findings indicate that up to 50% of total luminous flux can be redistributed into the upper hemisphere when billboards are lit from below. This can be reduced by half when lighting system is positioned at the billboard's top edge, directing flux towards the ground. Interestingly, one illuminated billboard can emit a light output into the upper hemisphere comparable to that of multiple road luminaires. These findings contribute significantly to the ongoing discourse on light pollution and have implications for the design of lighting systems for billboards.
Li-Fi DATA TRANSMISSION PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN ARTIFICIAL VISION IN BLIND PATIENTS
Authors: Or K.
Published: January 2024

In most techniques for artificial vision with intraocular implants in almost blind humans digital data (which are then converted to electrical data/impulses) has to be transmitted to the retina. For that reason wires are implanted from the outside of the eye across the eye to the retina. Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is a technology for wireless data transmission using visible light. The use of LiFi may enhance the transmission of lighting data from environment to the retina without using wires. LED light source(s) may be fixed in the glasses worn by the blind patient, which transmit the illumination data from environment to the chip or sensor in the eye. Compared to WiFi, Li-Fi has significant advantages like fast wireless data transmission, real-time communication, no interference with other sources of the need for line of sight. Li-Fi use may be a alternative for eye sensor/chip implants for artificial vision in blind humans.
OFFICE LIGHTING FOR LIGHT-SENSITIVE INDIVIDUALS: A PILOT TEST
Authors: Veitch J. , Arsenault C. , Galasiu A. , Gauthier P. , Mancini S. , Nixon A. , Dikel E.
Published: January 2024

Employees with light sensitivities may find conventional office lighting to be unacceptable, leading to requests for accommodations ranging from delamping to relocation. This paper reports a pilot test of an innovative LED luminaire to provide a suitable lit environment for light-sensitive individuals. Fourteen volunteers with either self-identified or medically diagnosed light sensitivities and seven volunteers from the general population (all Canadian public servants) worked for two days in a room lit with recessed luminaires with prismatic lenses and LED lamps (4000 K Ra ~ 84) (reference lighting) and two days in another week in a room with LED luminaires (3500 K, Ra = 90) with innovative optics and dimming control (test lighting). All participants judged the test lighting to have higher lighting quality than the reference lighting. Participants with light sensitivity experienced less intense visual symptoms over the workday in the test lighting, and began the following day with less intense symptoms.
DAYLIGHTING UNDER SKY CONDITIONS IN AN URBAN AREA
Authors: Cruz Sanchez R. , Guadarrama Gándara C. , Marambio Castillo A.
Published: January 2024

The proper use of natural light depends on its availability in a given location. It is essential to understand its dynamics throughout the year and the day in order to develop conscious strategies in urban and architectural environments. The Mexico Basin, benefits from abundant natural light resources for most of the year. On a clear day, more than 90,000 lux have been recorded on a horizontal plane, although this amount can decrease by up to a third under overcast sky conditions. Cloudiness is one of the main variables that affects this lighting resource. To characterize sky conditions in the Mexico Basin, information was gathered from surface and altitude measurements, with the aim of representing the annual and diurnal frequency within a year. In the urban environment of the Mexico Basin, clear sky and partly cloudy conditions prevail, so specific strategies must be considered to respond to these natural light dynamics.
LIGHTMONITOR: A NEW WEARABLE DEVICE MEASURING LIGHT SPECTRUM AND DAY/NIGHT ACTIVITY
Authors: Dumortier D. , Comby F. , Gronfier C.
Published: January 2024

This paper describes a new wearable device which measures the spectrum of light to which a person is exposed as well as its day and night activity. The device is called the LIGHTMONITOR (LIMO for short). It has been designed to be worn on an eyeglass frame during the day and on the wrist during the night. It is made of two modules plugged into each other: a measurement module and a battery/memory module. It comes with two battery/memory modules, one for the day, one for the night; the one not in use is plugged into a docking station which charges it and transfers its measurements to a secured datacenter. The measurement module provides every 5 s: 75 spectral irradiances (every 5 nm, from 390 to 760 nm) as well as photopic illuminances and UV irradiances (measured before and after the spectral irradiances). Day and night activity are provided at a frequency of 25 Hz both in terms of tri-axial acceleration and angular rate.
TEMPORAL LIGHT MODULATION (“FLICKER”): A SET OF WAVEFORM AND METRIC TARGETS FOR INDUSTRY DISCUSSION
Authors: Miller N.
Published: January 2024

Networked lighting controls hold promise for energy savings, asset tracking, simplification of maintenance, and options for setting scenes or moods in architectural and treatment spaces. Tunability of light intensity and colour may support biological health, especially in healthcare and senior living spaces. However, in the US, their complexity too frequently results in systems hard to coordinate in colour, intensity, and timing, and frustrating for staff and users to use. This paper describes a Mild Cognitive Impairment center in Atlanta, with the design, installation, and extensive rework of the control system to achieve the controls intent. The research motivation was originally to document the effect of lighting and controls on MCI patients. When it became clear the networked system was behaving unpredictably, the motivation morphed into studying what went wrong and why, and how to avoid similar problems in the future. Standardization, interoperability of components, and a common vocabulary is needed.
EFFECTS OF LIGHT WITH THE SAME CORRELATED COLOUR TEMPERATURE BUT DIFFERENT COLOUR OF APPEARANCE ON THE IMPRESSION OF A SPACE
Authors: Shinohara N. , Ito D. , Kaiho K. , Nakaso M.
Published: January 2024

Colour of light is generally described by the correlated colour temperature (CCT). However, light sources with the same colour temperature may show different colour of light. It has been pointed out that the favourable CCT differs depending on human activity, however the favourable colour of light may be evaluated differently by Duv as well as CCT. By using the light with Duv, which is perceived as favourable for a human activity and increases spatial brightness, it is possible to achieve both comfort and energy conservation. In this study, the difference in the evaluation of different Duvs for different human activities under the same CCT and illuminance conditions were examined by subjective experiments using models.
This study shows that evaluation of spatial brightness and impression (Favourability, Naturalness) were both affected by the Duv. The ranges of preferred CCT and Duv varied depending on the human activity.
SIMULATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS WITH SMART BLINDS
Authors: Wu Y. , Qiu R. , Scartezzini J. , Hao L. , Kaempf J.
Published: January 2024

Smart blinds are designed to adjust shading to the optimal position according to different sky conditions. They can potentially address the issues of discomfort glare for occupants and reduce the energy demand for cooling during the summer and heating during the winter. In order to understand the behavior of smart blinds and estimate the energy savings, an office building with smart blinds in Switzerland was select for simulation in the Energy Plus software with annual weather data. Results show that the utilization of smart blinds can lead to improvement in visual comfort with moderate total energy use and reduced lighting and cooling consumption. Meanwhile, it requires low heating and cooling capacity and more fully exploits the capacity during operation. After comparison of different scenarios, the scenario ‘45 degree’ has the highest total end use, followed by the scenario ‘smart blinds’. The scenario ‘smart blinds’ has the highest heating consumption and low cooling consumption.
APPLICATION OF NIGHT-TIME LANDSCAPE LIGHTING TO DISASTER PREVENTION
Authors: Akizuki Y. , Komatsu Y. , Nagamachi S. , Yamaguchi H.
Published: January 2024

This study examined the lighting requirements for night-time evacuation routes in disaster, based on a measured survey and psychometric evaluation of the current lighting conditions using the night-time landscape lighting system at Nagato-Yumoto hot springs area. As the results, it was found that the standards for emergency lighting in buildings may not satisfy outdoor visibility of evacuation road surfaces, that an average luminance of 2 cd/m2 is necessary to ensure visibility of stair surfaces and vertical movement in outdoor stairs, that illumination of vertical surfaces can eliminate a sense of uneasiness, and that continuity from the evacuation point to the evacuation area is more important than partial illumination of the evacuation route.
A PROPOSAL OF EXTENSION OF DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE ROAD LIGHTING CONCEPT THROUGH A REAL CASE STUDY
Authors: Di Lecce P. , Giansante S. , Baenziger T.
Published: January 2024

In the world of Smart Cities and Internet of Things (IoT), traditional pre-programmed street lighting dimming systems are obsolete. Capable of measuring three essential parameters for outdoor street lighting control (traffic volume, weather conditions and average road surface luminance), a new generation of sensors is providing, at reasonable costs, opportunities for new approaches in design, maintenance and operation of road lighting installations. Therefore, new possibilities for Adaptive Road Lighting (ARL) are possible. A project in Agrate Brianza (Italy) allowed to test new approaches in order to extend the application of ARL to all the municipality area.
COLORIMETRIC CALIBRATION BETWEEN RGB AND LMSR SPACES
Authors: Legrand B. , Labayrade R.
Published: January 2024

In this paper colorimetric calibrations between RGB (camera or screen space) and LMSR (biological eye color-space with cones ‘LMS’ and rods ‘R’) spaces are purposed. Both acquisition (RGB → LMSR) and restitution (LMSR → RGB) are investigated. The method described in this paper is based on four colorimetric calibrations RGB → LMS, RGB → LMR, RGB → LSR and → MSR. First, a new way to ensure colorimetric calibration is described. This new colorimetric calibration is named tetraedric-based calibration and consist to a trilinear interpolation. Secondly, an SVD-based and a tetraedric-based colorimetric calibration between RGB and LMSR spaces are performed for 8 different light sources (acquisition) and for one screen (restitution). For both acquisition and restitution, the tetraedric-based method provides better relative errors per channel than the SVD one, acquisition: 5.5% (SVD) against 2.3% (tetraedric) and restitution: 4.8% (SVD) against 1.44% (tetraedric).
INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL’S LIGHT ENVIRONMENT EXPERIENCES ON SELECT OF SEAT AND LIGHTING SUITABLE FOR EACH TASK IN ACTIVITY BASED WORKING
Authors: Nomura A. , Iwata T. , Sayana T.
Published: January 2024

The individual difference in selecting seat and lighting may be caused by difference in their personality or mood and their experience. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of their personality and individual’s light environment experiences on the process of selecting seat and lighting for the task in ABW. The light environment experiences survey, and selection mof seating and lighting were conducted. There were two type of task, two types of seat and six types of lighting. Most respondents used white light and uniform illuminance distribution for task. There was no difference in illuminance distribution between each task for the light environment experience, but more respondents preferred a brighter illuminance distribution from the centre for thinking task. There was little diversity in light environment experiences, so that no clear relationship was obtained between light environment experiences and lighting preferences.
EVALUATION OF EMOTIONS INDUCED BY BIOPHILIC LIGHTING PATTERNS USING EEG AND QUALITATIVE METHODS
Authors: Hill A. , Triantafyllidis G.
Published: January 2024

This pilot study examines how lighting can support people’s well-being in urban environments by designing lighting projections using biophilic principles and conducting a mixed-method assessment. Four biophilic projections were designed to induce positive feelings including relaxation as well as four non-biophilic patterns for comparison. All eight patterns were tested on five participants using electroencephalogram (EEG) quantitative methods as well as qualitative surveys using an adapted Discrete Emotions Questionnaire with ratings and open questions. The EEG results showed 75% of the biophilic patterns had a positive emotional response as compared to the control whereas, 50% of the non-biophilic patterns showed an expected negative emotional response compared to the control. Additionally, the qualitative questionnaire demonstrated that biophilic patterns had a 135% more positive result than the control and 417% more positive than non-biophilic patterns. The EEG analysis particularly provides a novel way to consider EEG testing in the context of lighting atmospheres and emotions to support well-being.
(DAY)LIGHTING CONDITIONS IN DUTCH HOME OFFICE SPACES – A FIRST INVENTORY
Authors: De Kok V. , Christoffersen J. , Van Duijnhoven J.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, a shift towards working from home has taken place. For conventional offices in Europe, the lighting is designed complying to standards such as the EN 12464-1 and the EN 17037, and recommendations regarding non-image forming effects are available. However, for the home office, the aforementioned standards do not yet exist, although some guidelines are available. Hence, it is unknown whether the (day)lighting conditions in home office spaces suffice for office tasks. This study aimed to make a first inventory of daylighting conditions in Dutch home offices by conducting an online questionnaire study. The results of the study showed that many differences exist between home office configurations, and that the needs of each individual home worker with regards to daylighting differ. This stresses the need to develop personal recommendations for daylight in the home office.
URBAN ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SPECTRUM DISTRIBUTION MODEL OVER NIGHT SKY
Authors: Su X. , Cao D. , Wei W. , Hao Z. , Ding Y.
Published: January 2024

Spectral distribution is an important factor to determine the degree of light pollution in urban night sky. However, characterizing the spectral distribution of large areas of
artificial light over cities is difficult. In this paper, a spectral distribution calculation
model is presented which is suitable for wide area optical environment. Based on the
test data of lighting environment in Hohhot, China, satellite remote sensing luminous
radiance data and sky brightness observation data, the characteristics of radiation
intensity, spectral distribution and energy proportion of lighting in ground cities are
revealed. Based on the analysis of the effect of atmospheric extinction on the visible
light of urban lighting, the calculation model of artificial illumination radiance at
different atmospheric thicknesses and different bands is proposed. The results could
provide future researchers with a platform for better urban lighting design and dark sky protection.
AN ASSESSMENT OF TWENTY YEARS OF TRAP DETECTOR ABSOLUTE RESPONSIVITY MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Dury M.
Published: January 2024

More than twenty years of the absolute responsivity measurements from a set of three-element trap detectors that have been calibrated against the NPL primary standard cryogenic radiometer are assessed. For a Krypton ion laser emission wavelength of 356.4 nm, a total decrease in absolute responsivity of around 3 % was recorded over the total measurement history. The year-on-year changes are relatively linear, allowing for easy prediction of future responsivity performance for a particular trap detector. Potential causes of the changes in the trap detector absolute responsivity are discussed.
EVALUATION OF DISCOMFORT GLARE IN ROAD LIGHTING USING FIXED LOW MOUNTING HEIGHT LUMINAIRES
Authors: Maehama T. , Futatsuya H. , Miyamato K. , Hayakawa M. , Ito H. , Kawamata T.
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted in a dark room to clarify the evaluation method for suppressing discomfort glare for fixed low mounting height luminaires lighting system (LMHL) in road lighting. Experiments were performed by a method of adjustment that set the output of the glare source to acceptable discomfort and a method of constant stimuli using a deBoer rating. As an evaluation index of discomfort glare, vertical illuminance (Evg) at a height of 1,2 m above the road at the boundary between the lane and shoulder was defined. Experimental results show that Evg correlates with deBoer
rating. Also, the Evg (relative value) for suppressing the discomfort glare to an acceptable level for the observer's adaptation luminance and the acceptable Evg (absolute value) at an adaptation luminance of 0,5 cd·m−2 were obtained from the experiment. Using these, we propose to set the acceptable Evg according to the condition of the average road luminance in the design of road lighting.
SPECTRORADIOMETER CALIBRATION WITH UAV-BORNE LED
Authors: Ivanescu L. , Marseille C. , Albert J. , O'Neill N.
Published: January 2024

We investigated the feasibility and the limitations of using a UAV-borne (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, or drone) light source for calibrating a starphotometer (essentially a telescope mounted spectroradiometer). This is a proof-of-concept experiment for future use of satellite- and balloon-borne calibration light sources. We measured a narrow-band, three-colour LED source at three fixed UAV positions between 700 and 1500 m distance and at 115 m elevation over a 5–10° elevation angle range above the horizon (equivalent to a 0,09–0,20 airmass range). While the calibration was deemed to show good potential, it was limited by the use of a narrow-band light source. Line-of-sight extinction profiling is a very interesting product that can be extracted from these types of measurements.
INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL AVERAGE LUMINANCE RANGE AND EVALUATION TECHNIQUE ON PERCEIVED SPATIAL BRIGHTNESS
Authors: Kato M.
Published: January 2024

This report aims to achieve two objectives. Firstly, it investigates the brightness adjustment method of the adjustment box used for evaluating spatial brightness perception. Secondly, it examines the potential influence of range bias on spatial brightness requirements. The findings reveal that the "slider" method provides more accurate brightness range adjustment compared to the "mouse wheel." However, the lower upper limit of the slider results in errors in suppressing brightness in high-luminance areas. Specifically, errors occurred at twice the mean luminance of the space but were absent at ten times the mean luminance. Furthermore, the evaluation of "just right space brightness" was observed to change when there were discrepancies in the maximum mean latitude and minimum mean luminance of the presented space, indicating the presence of range bias. Setting experimental conditions within a realistic range of spatial luminance is essential for accurate evaluations.
THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF INTEGRATIVE LIGHTING ON THE PERFORMANCE, ALERTNESS, MOOD, AND EYESTRAIN OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Li J. , Li J. , Shao R. , Hao L. , Wang T.
Published: January 2024

Integrative lighting has acute impact on visual task performance and daytime alertness, however, there wasn’t a consistent and comprehensive study on the optimal lighting environment for children. The study investigated the effects of different illuminance levels (300 lx vs. 1200 lx) and CCT levels (2800 K vs. 5000 K) on memory, reaction speed, accuracy, subjective alertness and sustained attention, mood, and eyestrain in highly simulated children's study lab. Nineteen healthy school-age children participated in the laboratory study, all of them taking eye examinations and PSQI, SAS, and SDS tests before the experiment. CCT had a greater impact on spatial temperature perception, and spatial color perception was distinguished well under different illuminances (p＜0.1). The optimal lighting strategies were different according to different tasks. The influence of task types under different lighting conditions and interaction effects on CCT and illuminance were discussed.
SPACIOUSNESS EVALUATION DEVIATION CAUSED BY BRIGHTNESS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REFERENCE AND COMPARATIVE CONDITIONS IN THE MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION METHOD
Authors: Nishihara S. , Miyake H. , Yamaguchi H. , Yoshizawa N. , Horiuchi Y.
Published: January 2024

Spaciousness is an important psychological factor that affects the comfort and wealth of occupants. A subjective experiment using the magnitude estimation method, which compares two conditions, namely reference and comparative conditions, is effective in quantifying spaciousness. However, the problem with this method is that participants’ evaluations are not stable when there are significant differences between the two conditions. In this study, we examined the effect of brightness differences between two spaces on the deviation of the subjective evaluation. Four experimental spaces with eight vertical illuminance levels were prepared in front of the participants’ eyes. While only the vertical illuminance was changed in each space, the participants evaluated perceived spaciousness using the magnitude estimation method. The results showed that participants’ evaluations were stable when the luminance ratio of the two spaces was greater than 1/4.
PREFERRED LIGHTING FOR UKIYO-E, JAPANESE WOODBLOCK PRINT PAINTINGS
Authors: Okuda S. , Taguchi S. , Melgosa M. , Okajima K.
Published: January 2024

In most cases the appearance of cultural properties depends on surface colours, materials and lighting conditions. This study aims to clear the preferred lighting conditions for the appearance of specific cultural properties named Ukiyo-e, Japanese woodblock print paintings. We used two kinds of Ukiyo-e as visual targets and investigated their appearance under 12 illuminants (D65, A, D50 plus nine LEDs proposed in CIE 015:2018), and three levels of vertical illuminance (50, 200 and 500 lx). According to the results, the preferred appearance of Ukiyo-e was affected by the lighting conditions as well as by specific colours of the paintings. Illuminants with high correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) made paintings appear as newer, and the illuminance of 50 lx was not preferred. We also found that the painting including blue colours was preferred under illuminants with slightly high CCTs, and illuminants with low CCTs were not appropriate for good appearance of Ukiyo-e.