bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the volatility and mixing state of ambient fine particles in the summer and winter of urban Beijing
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Fang , Collins Don , Ren Jingye , Liu Jieyao , Jiang Sihui , Li Zhanqing
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Understanding the volatility of atmospheric aerosols is
important for elucidating the formation of fine particles and to help
determine their effect on the environment and climate. In this study, the
volatility of fine particles (40, 80, 110, 150, 200, and 300 nm) is
characterized by the size-dependent volatility shrink factor (VSF) for
summer and winter in the urban area of Beijing using measurements of a
volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA). We show that there
are two persistent aerosol volatility modes (one high-volatility and one less- or non-volatile mode) present both in the summer and winter. On average, the
particles are more volatile in the summer (with a mean VSF of 0.3) than in the
winter (with a mean VSF of 0.6). Although the new particle formation (NPF)
process requires low-volatility vapors to form molecular clusters and nuclei,
the significant high-volatility mode around noon on NPF days indicates
partitioning of volatile substances into the growing particles during
summer. We further retrieve the mixing state of the ambient fine particles
from the size-resolved VSF and find that the non-black carbon (BC) particles
that formed from nucleation processes accounted for 52 %–69 % of the total
number concentration in the summer. On the other hand, particles containing
a refractory core that is thought to be BC-containing particles dominate and
contribute 67 %–77 % toward the total number concentration in the winter.
The diurnal cycles of the retrieved aerosol mixing state for the summer
further support the conclusion that the nucleation process is the main
contributor to non-BC particles. In addition, the extent of aging of BC
particles was characterized as the ratio of the BC diameter before and after
heating at 300 ∘C (Dp/Dc), showing that the
average ratio of ∼ 2.2 in the winter is higher than the
average of ∼ 1.5 in the summer, which indicates that BC aging
may be less efficient in summertime. This would result in differences in
light absorption enhancement between the cold and warm seasons.
Retrieval of UV–visible aerosol absorption using AERONET and OMI–MODIS synergy: spatial and temporal variability across major aerosol environments
Authors: Kayetha Vinay , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Measuring spectral aerosol absorption remains a challenging task in aerosol studies, especially in the UV region, where ground and airborne measurements are sparse. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that synergizes ground measurements with satellite observations for the derivation of spectral single scattering albedo (SSA, ωo) of aerosols in the UV-to-visible wavelength range (340–670 nm). The approach consists in explaining satellite-measured near-UV radiances (340, 354, 388 nm) by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and visible radiances
(466, 646 nm) by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), given the
collocated ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements of
total column extinction aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ), in terms of
retrieved total column wavelength-dependent SSA using radiative transfer
calculations. Required information on aerosol particle size distribution is
adopted from AERONET-based aerosol type-dependent seasonal climatologies
specifically developed for this project. The inversion procedure is applied
to about 110 AERONET sites distributed worldwide, for which continuous,
long-term AERONET measurements are available. Using the derived data set, we present seasonal and regional climatology of ωo(λ) for carbonaceous, dust, and urban/industrial aerosols. The resulting UV–visible
spectral dependence of ωo obtained for these three major
aerosol types is found to be both qualitatively and quantitatively
consistent with independent measurements reported in the literature. A
comparison to standard AERONET SSA product at 440 nm shows absolute
differences within 0.03 (0.05) for 40 % (65 %) of the compared
observations. The derived aerosol ωo(λ) data set
provides a valuable addition to the existing aerosol absorption record from
AERONET by extending it to the near-UV region. Furthermore, SSA retrievals
from our method at visible wavelengths and around satellite overpass time
also complement the equivalent inversion available during early
morning/late afternoon from AERONET. In addition to improving our understanding of spectral aerosol absorption properties, the combined
UV–visible data set also offers wavelength-dependent dynamic aerosol absorption models for use in the satellite-based aerosol retrieval algorithms.
Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gas emissions from different configurations of on-site wastewater treatment system using discrete and continuous gas flux measurement
Authors: Knappe Jan , Somlai Celia , Gill Laurence W.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Global emissions linked to wastewater treatment are estimated to account for up to 1.5 % of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
globally. However, few studies have measured GHG emissions from domestic on-site treatment systems (DWWTSs) directly. In this study, two DWWTSs were
monitored for 446 d and > 42 000 gas flux measurements were conducted using both discrete spot measurements and continuous flux chamber
deployments. The observed GHG fluxes from biological activity in the soil and water phase were found to be highly spatially and temporally variable
and correlated to environmental factors, water usage patterns and system design. In total, the results show that a septic tank discharging effluent
into a well-designed soil treatment unit is estimated to emit a net 9.99 kg-CO2eq.cap-1yr-1, with approximately 63 %,
27 % and 10 % of the total CO2-equivalent net emissions in the form of CO2, CH4 and N2O,
respectively. Emissions from the septic tank surface contributed over 50 % of total emissions and tended to be strongly underestimated by
one-off discrete measurements, especially when episodic ebullitive events are to be considered. Fluxes from the soil treatment unit (STU) stemmed
from both the soil surface and the vent system. Soil fluxes were mostly influenced by temperature but peaked regularly under conditions of rapidly
changing soil water content. Vent fluxes were mostly governed by effluent, quality and a low number of high-emission events were responsible for the
majority of total observed vent emissions. Owing to the strong overall spatial and temporal heterogeneity of observed fluxes from DWWTSs across all
modules, future studies should focus on continuous deployments of a number of flux chambers over discrete measurements to accurately assess GHG
emissions from on-site systems. This study also provided insights into managing GHG emissions from DWWTSs by different system configuration design,
as well as indicating that the current IPCC emission factors for CH4 and N2O significantly overestimate emissions for
on-site wastewater treatment systems.
More than heavy rain turning into fast-flowing water – a landscape perspective on the 2021 Eifel floods
Authors: Dietze Michael , Bell Rainer , Ozturk Ugur , Cook Kristen L. , Andermann Christoff , Beer Alexander R. , Damm Bodo , Lucia Ana , Fauer Felix S. , Nissen Katrin M. , Sieg Tobias , Thieken Annegret H.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Rapidly evolving floods are rare but powerful drivers of landscape reorganisation that have severe and long lasting impacts on both the functions of a landscape’s subsystems and the affected society. The July 2021 flood that particularly hit several river catchments of the Eifel region in West Germany and Belgium was a drastic example. While media and scientists highlighted the meteorological and hydrological aspects of this flood, it was not just the rising water levels in the main valleys that posed a hazard, caused damage, and drove environmental reorganisation. Instead, the concurrent coupling of landscape elements and the wood, sediment and debris carried by the fast-flowing water made this flood so devastating and difficult to predict. Because more intense floods are able to interact with more landscape components, they at times reveal rare non-linear feedbacks, which may be hidden during smaller events due to their high thresholds of initiation. Here, we briefly review the boundary conditions of the 14–15 July 2021 flood and discuss the emerging features that made this event different from previous floods. We identify hillslope processes, aspects of debris mobilisation, the legacy of sustained human land use, and emerging process connections and feedbacks as critical non-hydrological dimensions of the flood. With this landscape scale perspective, we develop requirements for improved future event anticipation, mitigation and fundamental system understanding.
British Antarctic Survey’s Aerogeophysical Data: Releasing 25 Years of Airborne Gravity, Magnetic, and Radar Datasets over Antarctica
Authors: Frémand Alice C. , Bodart Julien A. , Jordan Tom A. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Robinson Carl , Corr Hugh F. J. , Peat Helen J. , Bingham Robert G. , Vaughan David G.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Over the past 50 years, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has been one of the major acquirers of aerogeophysical data over Antarctica, providing scientists with gravity, magnetic and radar datasets that have been central to many studies of the past, present, and future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Until recently, many of these datasets were unpublished in full, restricting further usage of the data for different applications such as gravity inversions, bed-reflectivity analysis, and englacial-layer tracking. Starting in 2020, scientists and data managers at the British Antarctic Survey have worked on standardising and releasing large swaths of aerogeophysical data acquired during the period 1994–2020, including a total of 64 datasets from 24 different surveys, amounting to ~450,000 line-km (or 5.3 million km2) of data across West Antarctica, East Antarctica, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Amongst these are the extensive surveys over the fast-changing Pine Island (BBAS 2004-05) and Thwaites (ITGC 2018-20) glacier catchments, and the first ever surveys of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WISE-ISODYN 2005-06) and Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (AGAP 2007-09). Considerable effort has been made to standardise these datasets to comply with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-Usable) data principles, as well as to create the Polar Airborne Geophysics Data Portal (https://www.bas.ac.uk/project/nagdp/), which serves as a user-friendly interface to interact with and download the newly published data. This paper reviews how these datasets were acquired and processed, presents the methods used to standardise them, and introduces the new data-portal infrastructure and interactive tutorials that were created to improve the accessibility of the data. Lastly, we exemplify future potential uses of the datasets by extracting information on the continuity of englacial layering from the fully processed radar data. We believe this newly released data will be a valuable asset to future geophysical and glaciological studies over Antarctica and will extend significantly the life cycle of the data. All datasets included in this data release are now fully accessible at: https://data.bas.ac.uk.
Mapping high-resolution basal topography of West Antarctica from radar data using non-stationary multiple-point geostatistics (MPS-BedMappingV1)
Authors: Yin Zhen , Zuo Chen , MacKie Emma J. , Caers Jef
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The subglacial bed topography is critical for modelling
the evolution of Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), where
rapid ice loss threatens the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
However, mapping of subglacial topography is subject to uncertainties of up
to hundreds of metres, primarily due to large gaps of up to tens of
kilometres in airborne ice-penetrating radar flight lines. Deterministic
interpolation approaches do not reflect such spatial uncertainty. While
traditional geostatistical simulations can model such uncertainty, they
become difficult to apply because of the significant non-stationary spatial
variation of topography over such large surface area. In this study, we
develop a non-stationary multiple-point geostatistical (MPS) approach to
interpolate large areas with irregular geophysical data and apply it to
model the spatial uncertainty of entire ASE basal topography. We collect 166
high-quality topographic training images (TIs) of resolution 500 m to train
the gap-filling of radar data gaps, thereby simulating realistic topography
maps. The TIs are extensively sampled from deglaciated regions in the Arctic
as well as Antarctica. To address the non-stationarity in topographic
modelling, we introduce a Bayesian framework that models the posterior
distribution of non-stationary TIs assigned to the local line data.
Sampling from this distribution then provides candidate training images for
local topographic modelling with uncertainty, constrained to radar flight
line data. Compared to traditional MPS approaches that do not consider
uncertain TI sampling, our approach results in a significant improvement in
the topographic modelling quality and efficiency of the simulation algorithm.
Finally, we simulate multiple realizations of high-resolution ASE
topographic maps. We use the multiple realizations to investigate the impact
of basal topography uncertainty on subglacial hydrological flow patterns.
Ensemble Riemannian data assimilation: towards large-scale dynamical systems
Authors: Tamang Sagar K. , Ebtehaj Ardeshir , van Leeuwen Peter Jan , Lerman Gilad , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This paper presents the results of the ensemble Riemannian data assimilation for relatively high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, focusing on the chaotic Lorenz-96 model and a two-layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) model of atmospheric circulation. The analysis state in this approach is inferred from a joint distribution that optimally couples the background probability distribution and the likelihood function, enabling formal treatment of systematic biases without any Gaussian assumptions. Despite the risk of the curse of dimensionality in the computation of the coupling distribution, comparisons with the classic implementation of the particle filter and the stochastic ensemble Kalman filter demonstrate that, with the same ensemble size, the presented methodology could improve the predictability of dynamical systems. In particular, under systematic errors, the root mean squared error of the analysis state can be reduced by 20 % (30 %) in the Lorenz-96 (QG) model.
Compound Flooding in Convergent Estuaries: Insights from an Analytical Model
Authors: Familkhalili Ramin , Talke Stefan , Jay David
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We investigate here the effects of geometric properties (channel depth and cross-sectional convergence length), storm surge characteristics, friction, and river flow on the spatial and temporal variability of compound flooding along an idealized, meso-tidal coastal-plain estuary. An analytical model is developed that includes exponentially convergent geometry, tidal forcing, constant river flow, and a representation of storm surge as a combination of two sinusoidal waves. Non-linear bed friction is treated using Chebyshev polynomials and trigonometric functions, and a multi-segment approach is used to increase accuracy. Model results show that river discharge increases the damping of surge amplitudes in an estuary, while increasing channel depth has the opposite effect. Sensitivity studies indicate that the impact of river flow on peak water level decreases as channel depth increases, while the influence of tide and surge increases in the landward portion of an estuary. Moreover, model results show less surge damping in deeper configurations and even amplification in some cases, while increased convergence length scale damps surge waves with time scales of 12 h–72 h along an estuary. For every modeled scenario, there is a point where river discharge effects on water level outweigh tide/surge effects. As a channel is deepened, this cross-over point moves progressively upstream. Thus, channel deepening may alter flood risk spatially along an estuary and reduce the length of a river-estuary, within which fluvial flooding is dominant.
A regionally resolved inventory of High Mountain Asia surge-type glaciers, derived from a multi-factor remote sensing approach
Authors: Guillet Gregoire , King Owen , Lv Mingyang , Ghuffar Sajid , Benn Douglas , Quincey Duncan , Bolch Tobias
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Knowledge about the occurrence and characteristics of surge-type glaciers is crucial due to the impact of surging on glacier melt and glacier-related hazards. One of the super-clusters of surge-type glaciers is High Mountain Asia (HMA). However, no consistent region-wide inventory of surge-type glaciers in HMA exists.
We present a regionally resolved inventory of surge-type glaciers based on their behaviour across High Mountain Asia between 2000 and 2018.
We identify surge-type behaviour from surface velocity, elevation and feature change patterns using a multi-factor remote sensing approach that combines yearly ITS_LIVE velocity data, DEM differences and very-high-resolution imagery (Bing Maps, Google Earth).
Out of the ≈95 000 glaciers in HMA, we identified 666 that show diagnostic surge-type glacier behaviour between 2000 and 2018, which are mainly found in the Karakoram (223) and the Pamir regions (223).
The total area covered by the 666 surge-type glaciers represents 19.5 % of the glacierized area in Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) V6.0 polygons in HMA. Only 68 glaciers were already identified as “surge type” in the RGI V6.0. We further validate 107 glaciers previously labelled as “probably surge type” and newly identify 491 glaciers, not previously reported in other inventories covering HMA.
We finally discuss the possibility of self-organized criticality in glacier surges.
Across all regions of HMA, the surge-affected area within glacier complexes displays a significant power law dependency with glacier length.
The Use of Telegram Chatbot Application Services as a Means of Communication in Increasing Satisfaction and Knowledge of Mothers Who have Toddlers
Authors: Nurvembrianti Ismaulidia , Arianti Novi , Noftalina Elsa
Published: February 2022

Background: the COVID-19 pandemic is a major highlight in the health care system. In the development of technology, communication media plays an important role nowadays. Online communication media is an effective communication in providing information to the public, especially health information about the health of infants and toddlers. This study aimed to determine the effect of using the Telegram chatbot service as a means of communication on the satisfaction and knowledge of mothers who have toddlers.
Research Method: this study used correlational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was mothers who have toddlers in the Pontianak area of 30 people. The analysis used the Wilcoxon test; the results of the statistical test showed knowledge of p value 0.000 (p <0.05) and an increase in respondent satisfaction in accessing health information with an average usability score of 68.16. The score was interpreted into three assessments; the first is acceptability ranges where the score is included in the Marginal High, the second is the interpretation of the grade scale, the grade D is obtained, and the third interpretation of the Adjective Ratings is categorized as good.
These results mean that overall respondents stated that the application was used easily by users so that they felt satisfied when using the application

Keywords: Telegram Application, Satisfaction, Knowledge.
Pengaruh Firm Size Dan Leverage terhadap Agresivitas Pajak dengan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi
Authors: Romdhon Mochamad , Kartiko Erik , Nurjamilah Sayyidah
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran perusahaan dan leverage terhadap agresivitas pajak dengan pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan konsolidasi periode 2014 hingga 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 10 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif, uji analisis regresi berganda, dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Hal ini bertentangan dengan leverage yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility memperlemah pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Dan pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility juga memperlemah pengaruh leverage terhadap agresivitas pajak.
Analisis Anggaran Biaya Operasional dan Anggaran Pendapatan terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII
Authors: Romdhon Mochamad , Kartiko Erik , Sobariah Neng Teti
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana anggaran biaya operasional dan anggaran pendapatan terhadap kinerja keuangan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII 2014-2018 menggunakan rasio return on asset. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan, penelitian lapangan dan penelitian dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kinerja keuangan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII dalam anggaran biaya operasional ini dapat dikatakan tidak efektif karena realisasinya kurang dari 60% setiap tahunnya. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan dalam anggaran pendapatan terhadap realisasinya dapat dikatakan cukup efektif karena realisasinya hampir setiap tahun lebih dari 60%. Kinerja keuangan pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII dengan menggunakan metode rasio return on assets (ROA) dari tahun 2014 hingga 2018 dikatakan kurang baik (ROA<5.98%).
Hvordan kan oppmerksomt nærvær hjelpe ved rusproblemer?
Authors: Dundas Ingrid , Ravnanger Kari , Vøllestad Jon , Binder Per Einar
Published: February 2022

How may mindfulness help in working with substance use disorders?

Mindfulness-based interventions are feasible for individuals with substance-use disorders, and their effects are at least comparable to other interventions. To use these interventions wisely clinicians need to know why they are using mindfulness and how to integrate mindfulness with other approaches. The authors suggest that mindfulness-training provides experiential practice in functional attention and emotion regulation. Both skills are helpful in managing reactivity and impulsivity, in making better decisions, and in increasing self-care and enhancing mentalizing abilities. The authors provide examples of how to use mindfulness when facing triggers and cravings. Although defined as paying purposeful, non-judgemental attention to present experience, mindfulness is compatible with therapeutic use of distraction and visualization. The authors recommend mindfulness as part of the therapeutic «tool kit» in the treatment of substance-use disorders.

Keywords: distraction, mindfulness, substance-dependence, treatment
ALKYL-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE SYNTHESIS FROM ALKYL BROMIDES AND 1,2-BENZENEDIAMINES BY A MILD DOMINO REACTION
Authors: Brătulescu George
Published: February 2022

A method was implemented for synthesis of 2-alkyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives in dry medium. Starting reagents, 1,2-diaminobenzene derivatives and primary alkyl halides using pyridine N-oxide is converted into benzimidazoles. The protocol does not use catalyst and solvent. Simplicity and easy work-up are the important advantages of the method.
TOTAL PHENOLIC, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN FRUITS OF FOUR PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.) CULTIVARS
Authors: Babeanu Cristina , Ciobanu Andi
Published: February 2022

Plums are among the most consumed fruits in Romania, being a good source of health promoting compounds. The objective of this paper is to evaluate in comparison the total phenolic content, the flavonoids and anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity in fruit of four plum cultivars. The total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were determined by colorimetric methods and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results show that studied chemical indices vary depending on the analyzed cultivar. The obtained results show that all the studied cultivars show a high phytochemicals content and significant antioxidant activity and recommend their use as sources of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants.
Wireless Transfer of Electric Power - a Disruptive Technology
Authors:   ", Marinescu Andrei ,   Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences, Craiova Branch Craiova, Romania University of Craiova, Romania"
Published: February 2022

Wireless (contactless) transfer of electric power is a disruptive technology because it abandons wired transmission technology, the only technology used in electrical and electronic engineering until recently, just like in the past animal traction and film photography were replaced by mechanical traction and digital photography. Although revealed at the end of the nineteenth century through Tesla’s inventions, it could be applied in practice only in the ‘80s of the twentieth century, with the development of power electronics and microprocessors. After an introduction and an overview of the operating principles, the paper presents the readiness level reached by this technology, the stage of standardization, Romanian achievements and future prospects for high power applications.
Simulation of Multi-Motor Propulsion System for Energy Efficiency in Electric Vehicles
Authors:   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest/Electrical Engineering Faculty, Bucharest, Romania, Popescu Cristian-Liviu , Dumitran Laureţiu Marius ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest/Electrical Engineering Faculty, Bucharest, Romania, Stănescu Alexandru ,   University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest/Electrical Engineering Faculty, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2022

For a vehicle, the knowledge of components, characteristics, performances, and behaviors are some base elements for a successful simulation. Today's tools are offering instruments able to cover a such request and new possibilities appear. Choosing the right ones, representing the entire vehicle as a system of subsystems, integrating as much as possible the parameters of different components, are also few additional elements. For internal combustion engine vehicles, the generation and the transmission of the mechanical power to the wheels imply the usage of specific mechanic parts. From a single engine, the mechanical power is controlled to offer the requested torque and speed simultaneously to the vehicle wheels, passing by clutches and gearboxes. An electric propulsion, generating high torque at zero speed, and covering large speed area, implies less components for the mechanical transmissions. One single gear, a reducer, could cover the entire speed area request of the vehicle. On the other hand, it is possible to approach the generation of the mechanical power to the wheels, by using not only one electric motor, but one for each axle, or, even more, one electric motor for each wheel of the vehicle. This paper presents the usage of numerical simulation in such situations, emphasizing opportunities for onboard energy efficiency improvement, and opening new possibilities for optimization in multiple motor solutions.
Two Numerical Studies for Longitudinal Movement of a Canard UAV with Vectored Thrust
Authors:   University of Craiova, Romania / Department of Electrical, Energetic and Aerospace Engineering, Dincă Liviu , Corcău Jenica-Ileana ,   University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania / Department of Electrical, Energetic and Aerospace Engineering, Cumpan Dionis ,   AEROSTAR S.A. Bacău, Bacău, Romania
Published: February 2022

This work presents a study concerning the possibilities to improve the longitudinal dynamic of a canard UAV using vectored thrust. It is followed to harness the advantages of canard configuration of UAV and to obtain further a better longitudinal dynamic, able to fulfil more complex missions than canard UAV without vectored thrust. There are tested two methods. The first uses the UAV polars obtained in XFLR 5 and extended, using literature experience, a little bit over the stall angle. By this method is determined the necessary gain between the elevator steering angle and thrust deflection angle in order to maintain the UAV in landing configuration (flaps down) to the optimum angle of attack for landing. Using this method is studied also the effect of vectored thrust in maneuver, in cruise configuration. Step signal on the elevator, thrust and both commands simultaneously are applied on the UAV without and with vectored thrust and are identified the advantages of vectored thrust in this situation. The second method uses the polars of the UAV components obtained in XFLR5, extended independently up to a little bit above each stall angle. By this way is studied the effect of the vectored thrust on the atack angle in horizontal flight for the UAV in cruise configuration. There are obtained horizontal flight parameters (speed, elevator steering, angle of attack and thrust), when vectored thrust is used. It is followed to obtain results for attack angle as high as possible. Both methods are limited by the results obtained in XFLR 5, that can’t determine polars at atttack angles near stall, and for the second method, by the aerodynamic interferences between UAV components.
Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Food Handlers along the Rice Value Chain of Uganda
Authors: Namubiru Leatitiah Lenah , Male Denis , Mukisa Ivan Muzira , Byaruhanga Yusuf Byenkya
Published: February 2022

Food handlers play a critical role in controlling food contamination from “farm to fork”. Therefore, inadequate knowledge, poor attitudes and improper practices by food handlers pose a serious challenge to food safety. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of food handlers along the rice value chain of Uganda with the view of understanding factors that influence contamination of rice with aflatoxins, heavy metals and pesticides. A cross-sectional study, using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews with 252 respondents was conducted in Butaleja, Gulu, Hoima, Kampala, Mutukula, Mbale and Mbarara districts. Categorical data was expressed as frequencies and percentages. The unique predictors of the KAP of rice handlers were defined using multivariate linear regression analysis. About 221 (87.7%) food handlers knew about the occurrence and causes of aflatoxins contamination in rice. Changes in colour (81.7%) and a musty smell (82.9%) were perceived to indicate the presence of aflatoxins. The main pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin preventative practices identified were growing resistant rice varieties (82.9%) and proper drying (79.8%). Food handlers were generally not knowledgeable (73.4%) about heavy metal contamination in rice. All food handlers used pesticides; however, 68.3% had never received formal training in pesticide use. Majority (86.1%) of food handlers were aware of the harmful effects of pesticides but on the contrary, this did not significantly change their practices towards safe pesticide use. At multivariate level, education was the unique predictor for aflatoxins and heavy metal contamination. Pesticide contamination was mainly influenced by district of residence. Therefore, appropriate educational programs organized to train food handlers can promote food safety in the rice value chain of Uganda. Interventions by regulatory agencies to strengthen enforcement of laws related to contaminants through regular surveillance at the farm and retail outlets are necessary to ensure compliance by food handlers.
Diarrea ematica nel bambino… pensa alla sindrome emolitico-uremica!
Authors: Letizia Roberta , Maiorino Giuseppe , Di Cicco Maria Elisa , Baroncelli Giampiero Igli , De Marco Emanuela , Peroni Diego
Published: February 2022

A healthy 5-year-old boy was brought to the Emergency Department with a 24-hour-history of fever, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea and vomiting. Blood tests and ultrasound of the abdomen suggested an acute gastroenteritis. The boy was admitted and intravenous fluids were started. Twenty-four hours later macrohaematuria, oliguria, anaemia, thrombocytopoenia and increased serum creatinine levels were observed. Due to the rapid onset of acute renal failure, Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) was suspected and the child was transferred to a Paediatric Nephrology Unit where blood transfusions and dialysis were performed, with gradual recovery of his renal function. The presence of Shiga-like-Toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on the stool samples confirmed the diagnosis. An early diagnosis of HUS is important in order to treat complications promptly.
Producto turístico cultural en Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo-Ecuador
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba EC060104, Ecuador, Lara Vasconez Rita Sulema , Ramos Parra Gisela Fernanda , Quinchuela Pozo Flor Maria ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba EC060104, Ecuador,   Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba EC060104, Ecuador
Published: February 2022

El turismo es reconocido como una de las industrias de más rápido crecimiento y desarrollo y más dinámicas en todo el mundo. El turismo cultural ha surgido con la intención de reducir los daños acumulados y los efectos negativos de las actividades turísticas. En Ecuador el turismo cultural está considerado como una de las líneas de productos turísticos claves con proyecciones a potencializarse. Se realizó un diagnóstico turístico artesanal actual, para identificar los principales sitios turísticos culturales de Riobamba. Además, se diseñó un paquete turístico el cual cumplió con los estándares de calidad y servicios adecuados para el turista. Finalmente, se logró articular el trabajo artesanal tradicional con el turismo de la ciudad y con ello se generó nuevas fuentes económicas para la ciudad mientras se revaloriza el arte en el ámbito artesanal.
Creating the Outstanding School
Authors: Lynch David , Madden Jake , Doe Tina
Published: February 2022

This book is full of vignettes illustrating how professional learning can be integrated into the day-to-day work of schools and, in doing so, focus on continuous improvement, enhancing teaching quality and raising student achievement. In presenting best practice exemplars to illustrate how professional learning can positively impact teaching quality and school improvement, this book will inspire each classroom teacher and school leader. It will support them in creating and sustaining a strong performance culture.
A historiografia sobre as prisões na Era Vargas:
Authors: Britto Aurélio de Moura
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem por propósito realizar uma aproximação crítica, ainda que bastante panorâmica e seletiva, da historiografia das prisões na Era Vargas. Pretendemos demarcar as abordagens predominantes neste incipiente campo de estudos de modo a explorar suas potencialidades e lacunas, sugerindo algumas problematizações gerais que podem robustecer o debate. Portanto, não pretendemos aqui realizar a sistematização das obras, na forma de um balanço historiográfico mais acabado e amplo, mas dialogar criticamente com algumas referências e problemáticas da produção historiográfica pertinente aos estudos prisionais.
Uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a classificação de estilos de aprendizagem utilizando técnicas inteligentes
Authors: Carvalho Denilson Gabriel Freitas de , Silva Angelo Gabriel Lopes da , Barros e Sá Gabriel Caldas , Lima Náthalee Cavalcanti de Almeida , Nascimento Samara Martins
Published: February 2022

Os Estilos de Aprendizagem são um tema de estudo relevante, pois o conhecimento acerca disso proporciona aos professores e alunos um caminho para a melhoria do ensino e aprendizagem. Esta Revisão Sistemática da Literatura foi realizada com o objetivo de averiguar quais as propostas e abordagens automáticas são utilizadas para detecção/predição de Estilos de Aprendizagem. Foram selecionados 59 trabalhos das principais bases de dados, dos quais foram extraídos e sintetizadas informações acerca das técnicas inteligentes abordadas, seu desempenho e as métricas aplicadas para medi-lo, os atributos que serviram de entrada para o algoritmo, as plataformas usadas para implementá-los e os modelos de Estilos de Aprendizagem mais empregados. A partir dos resultados observados, trabalhos futuros buscarão propor uma nova abordagem para predizer Estilos de Aprendizagem.
Análisis jurídico histórico sobre los conflictos y controversias limítrofes y territoriales entre el Estado de Nicaragua y Colombia
Authors: González Estrada Leonardo Danilo , López Carcache Alí
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación jurídica es una sistematización jurídica en el Derecho internacional público, a partir de las controversias entre el Estado de Nicaragua y de Colombia, derivadas, de los procesos colonialistas, tanto de los Estados Unidos de Norte América y Gran Bretaña, hegemonías jurídicas y militares, que se disputaban el territorio geo estratégico de los nicaragüenses, de Centroamérica, como de la plataforma marítima del océano Atlántico, para sostener su poder Imperial capitalista. Teniendo un desenlace a favor del Estado de Nicaragua, a partir de la Revolución Popular Sandinista el 19 de julio de 1979, en tanto Nicaragua se convierte en una Estado respetuoso del Derecho internacional y diplomático, a partir de la defensa de su soberanía y autodeterminación jurídico política, cuya síntesis para esta controversia fue la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en la ONU, el 19 de noviembre de 2012. En este artículo se explicará con rigurosidad, la evolución desde el propio origen del problema, que tuvo un abordaje desde el derecho internacional público, en el ordenamiento jurisdiccional competente para dirimirlo.
Significados y percepciones del ambiente por adolescentes: Reflexión en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Cardona-Castaño Juan Camilo , Lamprea-Zona Martha Custodia , Cubides-Suárez Flor Aida
Published: February 2022

Las percepciones de algunos adolescentes sobre el ambiente, es factor esencial dentro de la comprensión hombre - naturaleza. La actual pandemia producida por el COVID-19, permitió que los sujetos, pudieren observar su entorno con detenimiento, conduciendo a cambios en las percepciones. Todo ello, se construyó desde la educación ambiental; herramienta que sirvió para explorar y sentir los beneficios del espacio, todo ello durante el confinamiento. El objetivo de la investigación, consistió en analizar e interpretar las percepciones que tienen un grupo de adolescentes, en situación de vulnerabilidad frente al entorno en tiempos de confinamiento por la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación está situada en el paradigma cualitativo de tipo narrativo, por medio de dibujos, entrevistas y técnica de grupo focal, se desarrolló la investigación. Los hallazgos: el ambiente como un todo. Los procesos urbanos y el ruido de la ciudad no permiten develar la importancia de la naturaleza. No obstante, el ambiente como una estructura inquebrantable ante la realidad humana, el silencio que produjo la pandemia condujo al grupo de estudio a nuevas experiencias dentro del espacio que habitan, por ejemplo: sonidos, observación de nuevas aves, insectos, etc. En finalidad, los participantes reflexionaron sobre los cambios que trajo el confinamiento y el significado del ambiente estrechando la relación con la naturaleza. También, el crecimiento de la ciudad trae perturbaciones en la naturaleza, cambiando el paisaje.
Constraints on the Genesis of Cobalt Deposits: Part II. Applications to Natural Systems
Authors: Vasyukova O. V. , Williams-Jones A. E.
Published: February 2022

In a companion paper in this issue, the authors reviewed the properties of cobalt, its mineralogy, and the processes that concentrate it to exploitable levels. Using this information and knowledge of the geology of the principal types of cobalt deposits, the present paper assesses the conditions and controls of cobalt transport and deposition and develops/refines plausible models for the genesis of these deposits. Economic cobalt deposits owe their origins to the compatible nature of Co2+, which causes it to concentrate in the mantle, mainly in olivine, and to be released to magmas only after high degrees of partial melting (i.e., to komatiitic and basaltic magmas). Thus, there is a very close association between cobalt deposits and mafic and ultramafic rocks. Magmatic deposits, in which Co is subordinate to Ni, develop through sulfide-silicate liquid immiscibility as a result of the very strong preference of these metals for the sulfide liquid. Predictably, these deposits reach their highest grades where hosted by olivine-rich ultramafic rocks. Approximately 60% of the world’s cobalt resource is of hydrothermal origin and is contained in sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Using a combination of thermodynamic data and geologic information, we have refined a model in which Co is leached from mafic and ultramafic rocks by oxidized, chloride-rich hydrothermal fluids, derived from evaporation, and deposited in response to decreasing fO2 in carbonaceous sediments that accumulated in intracratonic rift basins. Economic Co deposits also develop as hydrothermal vein systems, in which Co is the primary ore metal. In the only deposits of this type that are currently being exploited (Bou Azzer, Morocco), the source of the Co was an adjacent serpentinized peridotite. The ore fluid was an oxidized, high-salinity brine derived from evaporites, and deposition occurred in response to pH neutralization by the felsic to intermediate igneous host. The final major class of Co deposits is laterite-hosted and develops on olivine-rich ultramafic rocks or their serpentinized equivalents. Our thermodynamic modeling shows that Co is leached from an ultramafic source by mildly acidic fluids as Co2+ and is transported down the laterite profile, eventually concentrating by a combination of adsorption on Mn oxides, incorporation in the structure of absolane (an Mn oxide), and precipitation as heterogenite (HCoO2). The dissolution of cobalt at the surface and its deposition at depth are controlled mainly by pH, which decreases downward; oxygen fugacity, which also decreases downward, has the opposite effect, inhibiting dissolution of cobalt at the surface and promoting it at depth. It is our hope that this introduction to the economic geology of cobalt and the processes responsible for the formation of cobalt-bearing ores will help guide future studies of cobalt ore genesis and strategies for the exploration of this critical metal.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Evidence of Dissolution-Reprecipitation Controlled Hydrothermal Rare Earth Element Mineralization in the Amba Dongar Carbonatite Complex, Gujarat, Western India
Authors: Patel Ashim Kumar , Mishra Biswajit , Upadhyay Dewashish , Pruseth Kamal Lochan
Published: February 2022

The Amba Dongar carbonatite complex in western India comprises an inner ring of carbonatite breccia surrounded by a sövite ring dike. The various carbonatite units in the body include calcite carbonatite, alvikite, dolomite carbonatite, and ankerite carbonatite. The carbonate phases (calcite and ankerite) occur as phenocrysts, groundmass phases, fresh primary grains, and partially altered grains and/or pseudomorphs when hydrothermally overprinted. Rare earth element (REE) enrichment in the groundmass/altered calcite grains compared to the magmatic ones is ascribed to the presence of micron-sized REE phases. Fluorapatite and pyrochlore constitute important accessory phases that are altered to variable extents. Higher concentrations of Sr, Si, and REEs in fluorapatite are suggestive of a magmatic origin. Fresh pyrochlore preserves its magmatic composition, characterized by low A-site vacancy and high F in the Y-site, which on alteration becomes poorer in Na, Ca, and F and displays an increase in vacancy. The C-O isotope compositions of the carbonates also corroborate the extensive low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the carbonatites.

The REE mineralization is the result of interaction of the carbonatite with a sulfur-bearing, F-rich hydrothermal fluid that exsolved from late-stage carbonatitic magmas. The hydrothermal fluids caused dissolution of the primary carbonates and simultaneous precipitation of REEs and other high field strength element (HFSE)-bearing minerals. Complex spatial associations of the magmatic minerals with the REE fluorocarbonates, [synchysite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce)] and florencite-(Ce) point to the formation of these REE phases as a consequence of postmagmatic hydrothermal dissolution of the REEs from fluorapatite, pyrochlore, and carbonates. Ubiquitous association of fluorite and barite with REE minerals indicates transport of REEs as sulfate complexes in F-rich fluids. Precipitation of REE fluorocarbonates/florencite resulted from fluid-carbonate interaction, concomitant increase in pH, and decrease in temperature. Additionally, REE precipitation was aided and abetted by the removal of sulfur from the fluid by the precipitation of barite, which destabilized the REE sulfate complexes.