bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced removal of Reactive Yellow 84 azo dye using functionalised amorphous calcium carbonates as adsorbent
Authors: Brinza Loredana , Maftei Andreea Elena , Tascu Sorin , Brinza Florin , Neamtu Mariana
Published: February 2022

Two environmentally friendly organics (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA and its easier biodegradabe isomer, ethylenediamine-N, N′-disuccinic acid, EDDS) were used to dope calcium carbonate (CC) nanoparticles intending to increase their adsorptive properties and evaluate adsorption performance (uptake capacity and removal efficiency) for the persistent Reactive Yellow 84 azo dye. Easily synthesized nanomaterials were fully characterized (morphology and size, mineralogy, organic content, surface area, pore size and hydrodynamic diameter). RY84 removal was performed using two consecutive processes: photodegradation after adsorption. The CC-EDTA particles were most efficient for dye removal as compared to the plain and CC-EDDS particles. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were considered for the CC-EDTA system. 99% removal occurred via adsorption on 1 g/L of adsorbent at 5 mg/L dye concentration and pH of 8 and it decreased to 48% at 60 mg/L. Maximum uptake capacity as described by Langmuir is 39.53 mg/g. As post-adsorption, under UVA irradiation, in the presence of 40 mmol/L H2O2, at dye concentration of 10 mg/L the highest degradation was 49.11%. Substantial decrease of adsorption (ca. 4 times) and photodegradation (ca. 5 times) efficiencies were observed in wastewater effluent as compared to distilled water. The results have important implications to wastewater treatments and appropriate decisions making for the choice of treatment process, process optimization and scaling up to pilot and industrial levels.
Correlation between antibiotic consumption and the occurrence of multidrug-resistant organisms in a Malaysian tertiary hospital: a 3-year observational study
Authors: Tan Sin Yee , Khan Rahela Ambaras , Khalid Khairil Erwan , Chong Chun Wie , Bakhtiar Athirah
Published: February 2022

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been shown to contribute to the occurrence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MROs). A surveillance study was performed in the largest tertiary care hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 2018 to 2020 to observe the trends of broad-spectrum antibiotics (beta-lactam/beta-lactamases inhibitors (BL/BLI), extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), and fluoroquinolones (FQ)) and antibiotics against MRO (carbapenems, polymyxins, and glycopeptides) usage and the correlation between antibiotic consumption and MROs. The correlation between 3-year trends of antibiotic consumption (defined daily dose (DDD)/100 admissions) with MRO infection cases (per 100 admissions) was determined using a Jonckheere-Terpstra test and a Pearson’s Correlation coefficient. The antimicrobial resistance trend demonstrated a positive correlation between ESC and FQ towards the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella spp, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), and MRO Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Increasing carbapenem consumption was positively correlated with the occurrence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp and E. coli. Polymyxin use was positively correlated with ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp, MRO A. baumannii, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The findings reinforced concerns regarding the association between MRO development, especially with a surge in ESC and FQ consumption. Stricter use of antimicrobials is thus crucial to minimise the risk of emerging resistant organisms.
Warm deep-sea temperatures across Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 from clumped isotope thermometry
Authors: Agterhuis Tobias , Ziegler Martin , de Winter Niels J. , Lourens Lucas J.
Published: February 2022

The early Eocene hothouse experienced highly elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and multiple transient global warming events, so-called hyperthermals. The deep ocean constitutes an assumed setting to estimate past global mean temperatures. However, available deep-sea temperature reconstructions from conventional benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes and magnesium/calcium ratios rely on uncertain assumptions of non-thermal influences, associated with seawater chemistry and species-specific physiological effects. Here we apply the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer, a proxy not governed by these uncertainties, to evaluate South Atlantic deep-sea temperatures across two hyperthermal events in the early Eocene (Eocene Thermal Maximum 2/H1 and H2; ~54 Myr ago). Our independent reconstructions indicate deep-sea temperatures of 13.5 ± 1.9 °C (95% CI) for the background conditions and average hyperthermal peak temperatures of 16.9 ± 2.3 °C (95% CI). On average, these absolute temperatures are three degrees warmer than estimates from benthic oxygen isotopes. This finding implies a necessary reassessment of (1) the Eocene seawater isotope composition and (2) pH changes in the deep ocean and its potential influence on benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records.
Do electron distributions with orbital degree of freedom exhibit anisotropy?
Authors: Manjo Taishun , Kitou Shunsuke , Katayama Naoyuki , Nakamura Shin , Katsufuji Takuro , Nii Yoichi , Arima Taka-hisa , Nasu Joji , Hasegawa Takumi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Ishikawa Daisuke , Baron Alfred Q. R. , Sawa Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Direct observation of valence electron density reflecting orbital degrees of freedom on partially filled degenerate orbitals.
Bioinspired carbon nanotube-based materials
Authors: Fan Yi , Hou Yaqi , Wang Miao , Zheng Jing , Hou Xu
Published: February 2022

A holistic summary of the design strategies, applications, and further perspectives of bioinspired CNT-based materials.
Enabling fine-grain free 2-micron thick CISe/CIGSe film fabrication via a non-hydrazine based solution processing route
Authors: Deshmukh Swapnil D. , Weideman Kyle G. , Ellis Ryan G. , Kisslinger Kim , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: February 2022

Fine grain layer formation in solution processed CuInSe2/CuInGaSe2 (CISe/CIGSe) photovoltaic devices is controlled through surface modifications and ink manipulations to achieve improved performance and fine grain free morphologies.
Optimal battery cycling strategies in workplaces with electric vehicle chargers, energy storage systems and renewable energy generation
Authors: Toosi Hooman Ekhteraei , Merabet Adel , Al‐Durra Ahmed , Swingler Andrew
Published: February 2022

Efficient unit commitment strategy in a modern workplace facilitated with electric vehicle (EV) chargers and energy storage systems requires implementation of optimal battery cycling for both local storage system and electric vehicle batteries. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to address the battery health in the energy management strategies of commercial buildings. A fair battery cycling approach that could consider the interests of both parties in a workplace (including the system operator and the EV owners) requires access to detailed information on battery performance and degradation‐associated costs. In this study, a detailed investigation is carried out on the optimal battery cycling in a workplace that is facilitated with an EV charging station, energy storage system and renewable energy generation. This is carried out by employment of a tailored unit commitment model that can address the battery health for EVs, individually. This study illustrates how a business owner and the employees that own electric vehicles can benefit from bidirectional battery cycling in an equitable way without compromising their financial interests in the energy market.
Active and passive hybrid detection method for power CPS false data injection attacks with improved AKF and GRU‐CNN
Authors: Qu Zhaoyang , Bo Xiaoyong , Yu Tong , Liu Yaowei , Dong Yunchang , Kan Zhongfeng , Wang Lei , Li Yang
Published: February 2022

Taking account of the fact that the existing knowledge‐driven detection process for false data injection attacks (FDIAs) has been in a passive detection state for a long time and ignores the advantages of data‐driven active capture of features, an active and passive hybrid detection method for power cyber‐physical systems (CPS) FDIAs with improved adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed in this paper. First, the shortcomings of the traditional AKF algorithm in terms of filtering divergence and calculation speed are analyzed. The state estimation algorithm based on non‐negative positive‐definite adaptive Kalman filter (NDAKF) is improved, and a passive detection method of FDIAs is constructed, with similarity Euclidean distance detection and residual detection at its core. Then, combined with the advantages of gate recurrent unit (GRU) and CNN in terms of temporal memory and feature‐expression ability, an active detection method of FDIAs based on a GRU‐CNN hybrid neural network is proposed. Finally, the results of joint knowledge‐driven and data‐driven parallel detection are used to define a mixed fixed‐calculation formula, and an active and passive hybrid detection method of FDIAs is established, considering the characteristic constraints of the parallel mode.
Spatially variant apodisation for sidelobe suppression in near range radar imagery
Authors: Zhu Rongqiang , Zhou Jianxiong , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2022

High sidelobes greatly reduce the quality of radar imageries. Under the near range condition, sidelobe suppression becomes more intractable due to the space‐variant characteristic of the wavenumber spectrum. The Spatially variant apodisation (SVA) method is extended for sidelobe suppression in near range radar imageries. The method first multiplies the original image by a compensation term so that the wavenumber spectra of all targets shift to the same central position. Then, a spatially variant weighting scheme with the changeable weighting range is adopted to suppress sidelobes. Based on these two procedures, the method effectively overcomes the effect of the space‐variant characteristic of the wavenumber spectrum. Similar to the original SVA method, the proposed method can greatly suppress the sidelobe while maintaining the mainlobe width. In addition, since it is implemented in the image domain, this method is a post‐processing operation and is very conducive to parallel processing. Both 2‐D and 3‐D measured data verify its effectiveness.
Fast methods for tracking grain coagulation and ionization
Authors: Marchand P. , Guillet V. , Lebreuilly U. , Mac Low M.-M.
Published: February 2022

Thermal ionization is a critical process at temperatures T > 103 K, particularly during star formation. An increase in ionization leads to a decrease in nonideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) resistivities, which has a significant impact on protoplanetary disks and protostar formation. We developed an extension of the fast computational ionization method presented in our recent paper to include thermal ionization. The model can be used to inexpensively calculate the density of ions and electrons and the electric charge of each size of grains for an arbitrary size distribution. This tool should be particularly useful for the self-consistent calculation of nonideal MHD resistivities in multidimensional simulations, especially of protostellar collapse and protoplanetary disks.
The impact of isospin dependence of pairing on ﬁssion barriers in the ﬁssion cycling regions
Authors: Afanasjev A. V. , Taninah A.
Published: February 2022

A systematic analysis of the ground state and ﬁssion properties of actinides and superheavy nuclei important for the r process modeling has been performed within the framework of covariant density functional theory for the ﬁrst time in Ref. [1]. A brief review of the results related to the heights of primary ﬁssion barriers and systematic uncertainties in their prediction is presented. In addition, new results on the potential impact of the isospin dependence of pairing on ﬁssion barriers in ﬁssion cycling regions is provided for the ﬁrst time.
Beyond-mean-field calculations of allowed and first-forbidden β− decays of r-process waiting-point nuclei
Authors: Robin Caroline , Litvinova Elena , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel
Published: February 2022

β-decay rates of neutron-rich nuclei, in particular those located at neutron shell closures, play a central role in simulations of the heavy-element nucleosynthesis and resulting abundance distributions. We present β-decay half-lives of even-even N = 82 and N = 126 r-process waiting-point nuclei calculated in the approach based on relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation with quasiparticle-vibration coupling. The calculations include both allowed and first-forbidden transitions. In the N = 82 chain, the quasiparticlevibration coupling has an important impact close to stability, as it increases the contribution of Gamow-Teller modes and improves the agreement with the available data. In the N = 126 chain, we find the decay to proceed dominantly via first-forbidden transitions, even when the coupling to vibrations is included.
Competition between allowed and first-forbidden β decays and the r-process
Authors: Podolyák Zsolt
Published: February 2022

β− decay lifetimes are essential ingredients for r-process yield calculations. In N≈126 r-process waiting point nuclei first-forbidden and allowed β decays are expected to compete. Recent experiments performed at CERN/ISOLDE showed that 207,208Hg decay predominantly via first-forbidden decays. In addition, following on a high statistics study of the β+ /EC decay of 208At, it is suggested that the Z>82, N<126 nuclei provide an excellent testing ground for global calculations addressing the competition between first-forbidden and allowed β decays.
The Character of Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Simulation Results
Authors: Burrows Adam , Coleman Matthew
Published: February 2022

We here in graphical form highlight some of the early phases in the explosion of core-collapse supernovae and the birth of neutron stars. The graphics presented summarizes the results of the almost fifty three-dimensional radiation/hydrodynamic simulations the Princeton group has simulated during the last three years using its state-of-the-art (though still evolving and improving) code Fornax.
Binary neutron star mergers of quark matter based nuclear equations of state
Authors: Kedia Atul , Mathews Grant , Kim Hee Il , Suh In-Saeng
Published: February 2022

With observations of gravitational wave signals from binary neutron star mergers (BNSM) by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration and NICER, the nuclear equation of state (EOS) is becoming increasingly testable by complementary numerical simulations. Numerous simulations currently explore the EOS at different density regimes for the constituent neutron stars speciﬁcally narrowing the uncertainty in the sub-nuclear densities. In this paper we summarize the three-dimensional general relativistic-hydrodynamics based simulations of BNSMs for EOSs with a speciﬁc emphasis on the quark matter EOS at the highest densities.
Measurement of the 7Be(p, γ)8B reaction cross section with the recoil mass separator ERNA
Authors: Buompane Raffaele , Di Leva Antonino , Gialanella Lucio , D’Onofrio Antonio , De Cesare Mario , Jeremias G. Duarte , Fülöp Zsolt , Leandro R. Gasques , Gyürky György , Morales-Gallegos Lizeth , Marzaioli Fabio , Palumbo Giancarlo , Porzio Giuseppe , Rapagnani David , Roca Vincenzo , Rogalla Detlef , Romoli Mauro , Santonastaso Claudio , Schürmann Daniel
Published: February 2022

The cross section of 7Be(p,γ)8B represents one of the most important nuclear inputs for the prediction of the high energy component of solar neutrinos and it has also a direct impact on the 7Li abundance after the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. The importance of this reaction triggered an intense experimental work over the last decades, where discrepancies were observed between the results of different measurements. In addition, a question remains about possible common systematic effects, considering that all measurements share the same experimental approach, i.e. an intense proton beam impinging on a 7Be radioactive target. Inverse kinematics, i.e. a 7Be ion beam and a hydrogen target, with the direct measurement of the total reaction cross section by means of the detection of the 8B recoils, can shed light on such systematic effects. Efforts attempted so far were limited by the low 7Be beam intensity. We present here the results of a new measurement at Ecm = 376 to 819 keV using a high intensity 7Be beam in combination with a windowless gas target and the recoil mass separator ERNA (European Recoil mass separator for Nuclear Astrophysics) at CIRCE (Center for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental heritage), Caserta, Italy. Our results, including the systematic error, are compatible with previous measurements that yields lower value of S17(0) and are compatible with the currently accepted value from [1] only at a 2-σ level.
Semi-empirical fission model for r-process based on the recent experiments and three-dimensional Langevin approach
Authors: Ishizuka Chikako , Tsubakihara Kohsuke , Chiba Satoshi , Sekiguchi Yuichiro , Wanajo Shinya
Published: February 2022

Nuclear fission of superheavy elements can affect the r-process nucleosynthesis via a fission cycling process. In that process, the identification of the nuclide of a fission fragment and its abundance is essential for a precise evaluation of their contribution as seed nuclei of the r-process. We have investigated the nuclear fission of SHEs from the proton-rich side to the neutron-rich side using our three-and four-dimensional Langevin models [1, 4]. This model can reproduce the experimental data on nuclear fission of actinides and SHEs, while it can only provide various quantities to each fission fragment, we also developed a semi-empirical charge distribution model based on abundant experimental data of actinides [3]. A new semi-empirical nuclear fission model for the r-process is made by combining these two models.
Enhancement of Lithium in Red Clump Stars by Neutrino Magnetic Moments
Authors: Mori Kanji , Kusakabe Motohiko , Balantekin A. Baha , Kajino Toshitaka , Famiano Michael A.
Published: February 2022

A recent spectroscopic survey has shown that the lithium abundances in low-mass red-clump stars are higher than theoretical prediction. Motivated by their finding, we implemented effects of additional energy losses induced by neutrino magnetic moments on stellar evolution models. It is found that the lithium abundances in red giants increase because the finite magnetic moments of neutrinos enhance the efficiency of deep mixing and 7Be is conveyed from the hydrogen burning shell to the convective envelope. The results motivate further studies on the effects of non-standard energy losses on the surface compositions of low-mass red giants and red-clump stars.
New study of the neutron rich 136Te isotope through decay spectroscopy
Authors: Si Min , Lozeva Radomira ,   for the ILL3-81-635 collaboration
Published: February 2022

136Sb is a neutron rich nucleus with one valence proton and three valence neutrons outside the doubly-magic nucleus 132Sn. It plays an important role in the rapid neutron capture process (r-process) as participates in its path further connected to the nucleosynthesis and the type II supernovae. In this work, a new β decay γ ray data on 136Te is obtained. The experiment is performed at the Institute Laue-Langevin using the Lohengrin spectrometer and the thermal neutron-induced fission reaction on $_{92}^{235}{{\rm{U}}_{143}}$. A specific β-β condition method is investigated for the γ-ray detection.
Neutrino and Antineutrino pair-Emission in Strong Magnetic Field in Relativistic Quantum Approach
Authors: Maruyama Tomoyuki , Balantekin A. Baha , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Kajino Toshitaka , Mathews Grand J.
Published: February 2022

We study the v\bar v\-pair emission from electrons and protons in a relativistic quantum approach. In this work we calculate the luminosity of the v\bar v\-pairs emitted from neutron-star-matter with a strong magnetic field, and find that this luminosity is much larger than that in the modified Urca process. The v\bar v\-pair emission processes in strong magnetic fields significantly contribute to the cooling of the magnetars.
Reactor activations to constrain astrophysically relevant cross sections
Authors: Dellmann Sophia , Reifarth René , Weigand Mario , Eberhardt Klaus , Garg Ruchi , Geppert Christopher , Heftrich Tanja , Kurtulgil Deniz , Lederer-Woods Claudia
Published: February 2022

The determination of astrophysically relevant neutron-induced cross sections is particularly difficult when the involved isotopes are radioactive or the cross sections are very small. Activation experiments at reactors offer the possibility to overcome these limitations with high neutron fluxes. The flux determination is typically based on the activation of two monitors with known cross sections to separate the different flux components. The usually applied cadmium difference method allows a distinction between the thermal and the epithermal part. By a combination of two linear functions representing both monitors the neutron flux components can be determined. However, if more than two monitors are used, the linear system of equations is overdetermined, which allows the identification of a probability distribution. In this proceeding, the feasibility and relevance of this method is demonstrated.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of shell burning in Si/O-rich layer of pre-collapse massive stars
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Takiwaki Tomoya , Kotake Kei , Takahashi Koh , Nakamura Ko , Umeda Hideyuki , Aguilera-Dena David R. , Langer Norbert
Published: February 2022

We perform three-dimensional (3D)hydrodynamics simulations of shell burning in the silicon-and oxygen-rich layers in pre-collapse massive stars.Weadoptanon-rotating27 M⊙ starhaving anextended O/Si/Ne layer and afast-rotating 38 M⊙ star having a Si/Olayer, that has experienced chemically homogeneousevolution. Both pre-collapse stars showlarge-scale turbulent motion with a maximum Mach number of ~0.1 in the convective layers activated byneonand oxygenshellburning.The radialproﬂieoftheangle-averaged mass fraction distributioninO/Si/Ne layer is more homogeneous in the 3D simulation compared to the 1D evolution for the 27 M⊙ star. The angle-averaged speciﬁc angular momentum in the Si/O layer of the fast-rotating 38 M⊙ star tends to become roughly constant in the convective layer of the 3D simulation, which is not considered in the 1D evolution.
Structure of two-and three-alpha systems in cold neutron matter
Authors: Moriya Hajime , Tajima Hiroyuki , Horiuchi Wataru , Iida Kei , Nakano Eiji
Published: February 2022

We present stability and structure of two-and three-alpha systems embedded in dilute cold neutron matter. By solving a few-alpha Schrödinger equation with quasiparticle properties, i.e.,effective mass and induced two-and three-alpha interactions, which are evaluated in terms of Fermi polarons,itis shown that 8Be and the Hoyle state become bound at densities of about10−4 and 10−3 of the saturation density, respectively. It is also seen that, under cold neutron matter environment, both systems become smaller than the corresponding systems in vacuum. Our results would affect astrophysical models for stellar collapse and neutron star mergers, as well as relevant reaction rates for nucleosynthesis.
β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich N=82,81 isotones by shell-model calculations
Authors: Shimizu Noritaka , Utsuno Yutaka , Togashi Tomoaki
Published: February 2022

We perform large-scale shell-model calculations and successfully describe the low-lying spectra and half-lives of neutron-rich N = 82 and N = 81 isotones with Z = 42 − 49 in a unified way. Shell-model study shows that their Gamow-Teller strength distribution has a peak in the low-excitation energies, which significantly contributes to the half-lives. This peak is dominated by the ν0g7/2 → π0g9/2 transition and enhanced on the proton deficient side of these isotones due to the Pauli blocking effect and the change of the effective single-particle energy of the ν0g7/2 orbit.
An Application of Heuristic and Meta Dendral Expert System
Authors: Tawafak Ragad M , Alfarsi Ghaliya , Malik Sohail Iqbal
Published: February 2022

A mobile application is the best way to reach the largest possible number of users, and it is a smart idea and dealing with it is very easy. In the Corona pandemic, many Mobile applications appeared that helped the community with the necessary precautions, Therefore, we designed an application on the phone to allow patients to book an appointment and choose the appropriate health and medical services, and it also allows for a PCR examination to detect Coronavirus, By making an appointment and going to the patient’s home while taking preventive precautions from Corona. Derivation motor is constantly refreshed as new ends are drawn from each new sureness in the learning base which triggers additional rules, heuristics and standards in the inference engine. This paper is going to design and implement an application of expert system, it’s first since forever achievement DENDRAL which turned into a stepping stone in the Artificial Intelligence field. The model shows the essential parts of AI and the major icons to do the assessment and treatment within the situation of corona virus. The reveals is this System can be a greatly important expansion of Artificial Intelligence.
Simulation-based analysis of clock synchronization for underwater wireless sensor networks
Authors: Diaz Erik , Ramos Victor , Aguilar-Gonzalez Rafael
Published: February 2022

Clock synchronization in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) is a key procedure for the operation of this type of networks. Besides, due to the characteristics of the underwater channel, UWSNs face challenging constraints that make them different from other ad hoc wireless networks such as limited bandwidth, high error rates, high propagation delay, just to mention a few. Most of the existing literature on clock synchronization for UWSNs has been done through mathematical models. Thus, in this paper, we present a simulation-based approach to Light-Sync, which is a protocol synchronizing sensor nodes placed on the sea to a beacon on the surface. We use NS-2 along with AquaSim to study a UWSN with Light-Sync and prove its operation by means of discrete-event simulation. Moreover, our results are consistent with those found in Light-Sync and match accurately the synchronization accuracy regardless the number of nodes in the UWSN. Thus, we provide a simulation-based validation approach that makes more robust the proposal in Light-Sync.
Translanguaging… or trans-foreign-languaging?
Authors: Nijhawan Subin
Published: February 2022

Amidst the demand for multilingual pedagogies that advocate the use of the first language (L1) in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), this article first investigates the concept of translanguaging as a possible panacea. Translanguaging mainly refers to natural multilingual practices of speakers with multicompetences beyond their dominant language. However, doubts need to be expressed as to whether students without adequate language resources in the foreign language (FL) (henceforth referred to also as L2 intercheangeably) can fully enjoy all the benefits of translanguaging. Thus, the concept of translanguaging was adapted into trans-foreign-languaging (Trans-FL), making its distinctness available for CLIL. During an interventionalist study carried out in a 10th grade CLIL Politics & Economics classroom, where the students’ L2 is English and German, the official school language, is L1, three different models of Trans-FL were designed together with the students as main stakeholders, using triangulated data. The genesis of the three models was reconstructed as thick description in the Appendix, elucidating different intensities of dynamic bilingualism within a natural classroom ecology. Finally, the models were incorporated into one single and comprehensive CLIL teaching model for an affordance-based and differentiated approach that recognizes the needs of various student types. The result is a tangible pedagogy that integrates L1 use into various CLIL contexts as a norm.
Suppression of interaction-induced loss rate coefficient near broad s-wave and p-wave Feshbach resonances by magnetic field
Authors: Lyu Bing-Kuan , Sun Zhi-Xin , Wang Gao-Ren , Cong Shu-Lin
Published: February 2022

Ultracold atoms prepared in excited internal states can escape from the trap through inelastic collisions. A magnetic field can be used to suppress the s-wave loss rate coefficient near an s-wave Feshbach resonance. However, at the temperature of μK the p-wave loss rate coefficient becomes increasingly important as the temperature increases. The unsuppressed p-wave loss rate coefficient can far exceed the suppressed s-wave loss rate coefficient, and severely restricts the reduction of the total loss rate coefficient. We calculate the collision rate coefficients of ultracold 85Rb and 87Rb atoms prepared in excited hyperfine and Zeeman states using the coupled-channel method. We find that in

R
b

85

(

F

1

=
3
,

m

F

1

=
3

)

+

R
b

87

(

F

2

=
1
,

m

F

2

=
−
1

)

and

R
b

85

(

F

1

=
2
,

m

F

1

=
−
2

)

+

R
b

87

(

F

2

=
2
,

m

F

2

=
−
2

)

there exist broad p-wave Feshbach resonances located near s-wave Feshbach resonances, and find that the s- and p-wave loss rate coefficients can be simultaneously suppressed by a magnetic field in the temperature range from 1 to 30 μK. In particular, for

R
b

85

(

F

1

=
3
,

m

F

1

=
3

)

+

R
b

87

(

F

2

=
1
,

m

F

2

=
−
1

)

the proportion of the s- and p-wave loss rate coefficients in the total loss rate coefficient can be well manipulated by adjusting the magnetic field.
All-optical control of excitons in semiconductor quantum wells
Authors: Kovalev V M , Boev M V , Kibis O V
Published: February 2022

Applying the Floquet theory, we developed the method to control excitonic properties of semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) by a high-frequency electromagnetic field. It is demonstrated, particularly, that the field induces the blue shift of exciton emission from the QWs and narrows width of the corresponding spectral line. As a consequence, the field strongly modifies optical properties of the QWs and, therefore, can be used to tune characteristics of the optoelectronic devices based on them.
Effect of spin orbit coupling on antiperovskites: Sr3BO (B = Pb, Sn)
Authors: Kaur Tavneet , Sinha M M
Published: February 2022

We present a comprehensive investigation examining the influence of spin–orbit coupling on structural, electronic, vibrational elastic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of cubic antiperovskites: Sr3PbO and Sr3SnO using first principles calculation. The incorporation of spin–orbit coupling has led to significant effect on physical properties by emergence of topological phase in both studied antiperovskites. The spin–orbit coupling has remarkable effect on the electronic properties by giving rise to separation of Valence band and Conduction band at Γ point and also by the origin of anti-crossing band feature with band gap of 27 meV and 16 meV at for Sr3PbO and Sr3SnO respectively along line adjoining Γ-X high symmetry points of Brillioun Zone. The inclusion of spin–orbit coupling brings about appreciable softening in the values of elastic, mechanical parameters and vibrational frequencies of phonon spectra. The incorporation of spin–orbit coupling has improved the thermoelectric performance by enhancing Seebeck coefficient and reducing thermal conductivity. The present simulation tends to simulate experimental research for constructive electronic, spintronics and thermoelectric applications.
Doubly charged Higgs production at future ep colliders *
Authors: Yang Xing-Hua , Yang Zhong-Juan
Published: February 2022

The Higgs sector of the standard model can be extended by introducing an

Higgs triplet Δ to generate tiny neutrino masses in the framework of the type-II seesaw mechanism. In this paper, we study the pair production of the introduced Higgs triplet at future

colliders. The corresponding production cross sections via the vector boson fusion process at the FCC-ep and ILC

FCC are predicted, where the production of a pair of doubly charged Higgs is found to be dominant and then used to investigate the collider phenomenology of the Higgs triplet. Depending on the size of the Higgs triplet vacuum expectation value, the doubly charged Higgs may decay into a pair of same-sign charged leptons or a pair of same-sign W bosons. To explore the discovery potential of the doubly charged Higgs at future

colliders, we discuss these two decay scenarios in detail and show their detection sensitivity based on the mass of the doubly charged Higgs.
Corrigendum: Efficiency of supercapacitor with CaTiO3-filled polysulfone separators (2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
2145 012041)
Authors: Suwanwong S , Yuenyao C , Hutem A
Published: February 2022

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Influence of the reaction between water and ZnO on the properties of Au Schottky contacts and the photocatalytic activity of ZnO(0001) single crystals
Authors: Abe Koji
Published: February 2022

Wet chemical treatment is a conventional surface cleaning method, and metal oxide photocatalysts are commonly used to decompose organic compounds in water. In this study, we have investigated the influence of the reaction between water and ZnO on the properties of Au Schottky contacts and the photocatalytic activity of Zn-face ZnO(0001) single crystals. The ZnO substrate was put in deionized water at temperatures between 40 °C and 90 °C (water treatment). The ZnO substrate was etched with deionized water, and the surface roughness increased with increasing water temperature. Although the water treatment had no significant influence on the surface composition of the ZnO substrate, it changed the properties of the Au contacts. Schottky contacts were formed on the as-received ZnO substrate and the ZnO substrate after the water treatment at 40 °C, whereas ohmic contacts were formed on the ZnO substrate after the water treatment at 90 °C. Photoelectron emission spectra showed that the surface Fermi level in the ZnO substrate after the water treatment at 90 °C was located just below the conduction band. However, the water treatment had no significant influence on the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO substrate. Even when the water treatment was performed at 90 °C, the surface Fermi level of the ZnO substrate in an electrolyte solution, which was estimated from photoelectrochemical measurements, was located about 0.4 eV below the conduction band.
Preparing Aquatic Research for an Extreme Future: Call for Improved Definitions and Responsive, Multidisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Aoki Lillian R , Brisbin Margaret Mars , Hounshell Alexandria G , Kincaid Dustin W , Larson Erin I , Sansom Brandon J , Shogren Arial J , Smith Rachel S , Sullivan-Stack Jenna
Published: February 2022

Extreme events have increased in frequency globally, with a simultaneous surge in scientific interest about their ecological responses, particularly in sensitive freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems. We synthesized observational studies of extreme events in these aquatic ecosystems, finding that many studies do not use consistent definitions of extreme events. Furthermore, many studies do not capture ecological responses across the full spatial scale of the events. In contrast, sampling often extends across longer temporal scales than the event itself, highlighting the usefulness of long-term monitoring. Many ecological studies of extreme events measure biological responses but exclude chemical and physical responses, underscoring the need for integrative and multidisciplinary approaches. To advance extreme event research, we suggest prioritizing pre- and postevent data collection, including leveraging long-term monitoring; making intersite and cross-scale comparisons; adopting novel empirical and statistical approaches; and developing funding streams to support flexible and responsive data collection.
Bacteriophage Sf6 host range mutant that infects Shigella flexneri serotype 2a2 strains
Authors: Teh Min Yan , Tran Elizabeth Ngoc Hoa , Morona Renato
Published: February 2022

Shigella flexneri serotype 2a2 (II:9;10) is the most prevalent strain in causing bacillary dysentery in developing countries. Chemical modifications such as glucosylation, O-acetylation, and phosphoethanolamine modifications of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen (Oag) contribute to the emergence of various serotypes. Sf6 is a Shigella-specific bacteriophage that infects only a limited range of S. flexneri serotypes [X, Y]. LPS Oag is the primary receptor for bacteriophage Sf6 where it uses its tailspike protein (TSP) in binding and hydrolysing LPS Oags. Sf6TSP has recently been shown to be capable of hydrolysing the LPS Oag of Type II strains, albeit modestly. Phage therapy has regained attention in recent years as an alternative therapeutic approach. Therefore, this study aimed to expand the host range of Sf6 to the prevalent S. flexneri serotype 2a2 strain. We discovered a new lytic Sf6 host range mutant that is capable of infecting S. flexneri serotype 2a2 and identified residues in Sf6TSP that may potentially be involved in binding and hydrolysing serotype 2a2 LPS Oag. This work increased the limited Shigella-specific bacteriophage collection and may be useful in the future for phage therapy and/or biocontrolling of S. flexneri in contaminated food and water.
Assessing the natural capital value of Posidonia oceanica meadows in the Italian seas by integrating Habitat Suitability and Environmental Accounting Models
Authors: Catucci Elena , Buonocore Elvira , Franzese Pier Paolo , Scardi Michele
Published: February 2022

Ecological systems can be regarded as natural capital that yields ecosystem services vital for human well-being. The provision of these services strictly depends on the protection of natural capital stocks generating them, highlighting the need for conservation and monitoring actions led by proper assessment methodologies. Among the available methods, the Environmental Accounting Model based on the emergy approach is rapidly gaining popularity in ecological applications. We used such method to assess the natural capital value of Posidonia oceanica meadows, widely recognized the most important ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin, at Italian national spatial scale. The natural capital value of P. oceanica was further weighed by the estimates provided by a Habitat Suitability Model. We observed that the estimated level of habitat suitability played an important role as modifier of the average biophysical value of P. oceanica. Our approach allowed to identify the meadows having the highest stability and over space and time, which we defined as the most valuable in biophysical terms, thus with highest natural capital value. The spatially explicit estimates we provided could support managers and policy-makers to ensure the long-term provision of ecosystem services generated by P. oceanica, enhancing ecosystem management and maritime spatial planning.
Could travel clinics become priority sites for targeted HIV and hepatitis B screening?
Authors: Goupil de Bouillé Jeanne , Cordel Hugues , Leclerc Delphine , Faulcon Clémence , Mubuanga Alexia , Ouédraogo Élise , Allaoui Chakib , Brichler Ségolène , Bouchaud Prof Olivier
Published: February 2022

With the presence of a dedicated healthcare professional, travel clinics particularly frequented by migrants returning home could become priority sites for targeted screening of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B using rapid diagnostic tests.
Mahalanobis distance with an adapted within-author covariance matrix: An authorship verification experiment
Authors: Ishihara Shunichi
Published: February 2022

The rotated delta, which is argued to be a theoretically better-grounded distance measure, has failed to receive any empirical support for its superiority. This study revisits the rotated delta—which is more commonly known as the Mahalanobis distance in other areas—with two different covariance matrices that are estimated from training data. The first covariance matrix represents the between-author variability, and the second the within-author variability. A series of likelihood ratio-based authorship verification experiments was carried out with some different distance measures. The experiments made use of the documents arranged from a large database of text messages that allowed for a total of 2,160 same-author and 4,663,440 different-author comparisons. The Mahalanobis distance with the between-author covariance matrix performed far worse compared to the other distance measures, whereas the Mahalanobis distance with the within-author covariance matrix performed better than the other measures. However, superior performance relative to the cosine distance is subject to word lengths and/or the order of the feature vector. The result of follow-up experiments further illustrated that the covariance matrix representing the within-author variability needs to be trained using a good amount of data to perform better than the cosine distance: the higher the order of the vector, the more data are required for training. The quantitative results also infer that the two sources of variabilities—notably within- and between-author variabilities—are independent of each other to the extent that the latter cannot accurately approximate the former.
Carlo Francesco Giuseppe Bellingeri
Authors: Lorusso Lorenzo , Zago Stefano
Published: February 2022

The Piedmontese Francesco Bellingeri (1785–1848) was an eminent physician and experimentalist in the neurological field at the turn of the 19th century. However, his experimental work and his pioneer investigations have largely fallen into obscurity. This chapter highlights the key events of his life and the varied and significant contributions made by Bellingeri to neurological sciences. His most important work was demonstrating the distinct functions of the fifth and seventh pair of cranial nerves. He adamantly claimed to have been the first to do so. He also made remarkable investigations of the neuralgia, the use of electrotherapy for neurological diseases and neuroinfectious disorders with the description of encephalitis and, in particular, the lethargic types This chapter pays tribute to the memory of a scientist and clinician who was unfairly forgotten.
Giulio Bizzozero and Aldo Perroncito
Authors: Dröscher Ariane
Published: February 2022

In the second half of the 19th century, Giulio Bizzozero was the central figure of the modernization of biomedical studies in Turin, and perhaps in Italy. He made discoveries with remarkable medical implications and published research papers that gained international praise. By doing so, Bizzozero could withstand the attacks of the local medical hierarchies and succeed in establishing a new medical philosophy and a prolific school of experimental and cellular pathology. He published only two coauthored papers on nerves, yet exerted a considerable influence on the neurohistological works of his students and collaborators, including Camillo Golgi and his grandnephew Aldo Perroncito. This chapter will first illustrate Bizzozero’s efforts to reform medical research and education in Turin, and then briefly sketch his main scientific achievements. The second part describes Perroncito’s groundbreaking investigations of the regeneration of the peripheral nerve fibers.
Myth, Religion, Politics, and Literature in Giuseppe Levi’s Turin
Authors: Magrini Giacomo
Published: February 2022

In 1919, when Giuseppe Levi arrived in Turin, the city was the leading industrial and proletarian center in Italy. It was the city of Piero Gobetti and Antonio Gramsci, two of the prominent intellectuals of their epoch, both deeply involved in antifascism and influenced by Luigi Einaudi and Benedetto Croce. In Turin, Gobetti developed his revolutionary Liberalism, and Gramsci laid the groundwork for his critical Marxism. Here, Leone Ginzburg, a champion of antifascism, grew up and met Natalia, Levi’s youngest daughter. Leone died after being tortured by Nazi fascists. In Lessico famigliare, Natalia depicts Turin during the fascist period. In a nonapologetic dimension, the book upholds antifascism values, also through humor and critical glances. The themes of home and family are paralleled by the antithetic theme of the road, while speeches and words of the characters are caught in a performative net, as opposed to a stern and assertive stance.
Diagnostic tests in sleep medicine
Authors: Higgins Seán E.
Published: February 2022

Taking a good sleep history, evaluating the symptoms appropriately and developing the necessary diagnostic skills is essential in the management of sleep disorders. As with all other aspects of dealing with medical problems, the usual sequence should be history taking followed by examination, and then coming to a presumptive diagnosis. Further diagnostic formulation is aided by relevant investigations and then a management plan is put in place. The basis of a thorough clinical assessment is described, and useful clinical tools are provided.
Medical management of insomnia
Authors: Selsick Hugh
Published: February 2022

Insomnia is defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep with associated impaired daytime functioning. It is the most common sleep and mental health disorder, present in ~10-30% of the adult population. The consequences of insomnia are significant, including: increased risk of health problems, work absenteeism, reduced productivity, increased health-care utilization and nonmotor-vehicle accidents.
Psychological and behavioural therapies are recommended as the first line and gold standard treatments for insomnia. This chapter summarizes common non-pharmacologic treatment approaches, as well as the evidence base supporting their use. Emerging treatment options are also outlined. Consideration is given to special populations, including: older adults, children and teens, co-morbid insomnia, and individuals taking hypnotics. Practical aspects of administering therapy are also summarized, including: contraindications, risks, managing resistance and relapse-prevention.
Sleep walking and other NREM parasomnias
Authors: Eriksson Sofia
Published: February 2022

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWDs) are an important group of sleep disorders, in which problems arise from aberrant timing of the sleep-wake cycle. When standard societal timetables are superimposed upon this, major problems, such as insomnia, chronic sleep restriction, and excessive daytime sleepiness may arise. These enduring problems may often have profound impacts on performance, as well as mental and physical health.
Numerous CRSWDs exist. Of these, a very small number are truly ‘intrinsic’ – that is due to inherited molecular dysfunction of the pacemaker. Ageing, behaviour, illness and the environment, may influence many of the disorders, and are likely to have a cumulative effect in any one individual. However, some disorders are more ‘extrinsic’ than others, such as shift work and jet lag disorder.
The various types of CRSWDs are discussed within this chapter, as are the behavioural and pharmacological interventions that can be used in their management.