bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas de Expresión Musical colectiva en la Mención de Música del Grado de Educación Primaria. El proyecto de innovación docente INTERCREAMUS
Authors: García Sánchez Albano
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar el material resultante –entendido no como objeto estético sino como la muestra de los consensos alcanzados por el alumnado– de una experiencia grupal de aula vinculada a prácticas guiadas con el fin de evidenciar la puesta en marcha de propuestas de expresión musical colectiva de tipo creativo. Este proyecto se circunscribe a lo que Burnard (2012a) define como propuestas de responsabilidad compartida para la búsqueda de respuestas a partir de la creación de situaciones de reflexión conjunta. La actividad consistió en la transformación a nivel formal, rítmico y armónico de un material melódico preexistente, debiendo tener en cuenta durante el proceso una serie de técnicas compositivas sencillas junto con algunas estrategias de concertación musical. La experiencia tuvo lugar durante el curso 2020/2021, en la asignatura optativa Expresión Musical Colectiva. Métodos de Intervención Educativa de la Mención en Música del Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Córdoba (España), en el marco del proyecto de interpretación y creación musical colaborativo denominado InterCreaMUS.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pembayaran Sekolah Menggunakan Model Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Authors: Pramono Joko , Besus Maula Sulthon Besus Maula Sulthon
Published: July 2022

In today's era of globalization, information technology is advancing rapidly. Information obtained because of technological devices such as computers that were created to facilitate human work, especially in the IT field. SMA Muhammadiyah 18 Jakarta is in dire need of an information system to support school needs. For this reason, the author tries to make research on the payment system at SMA Muhammadiyah 18 Jakarta which is currently not computerized. SMA Muhammadiyah 18 Jakarta is a business charity engaged in education under the auspices of the Muhammadiyah Cipulir College, Kebayoran Lama Branch. The existing school payment system is still done manually. Starting from the process of receiving payments to making reports, making it possible during the process there were errors in recording, less accurate reports made and delays in finding the required data. The design of a payment information system is the best solution to solve the problems that exist in this school. Therefore, a computerized system is better than a manual system so that it runs more effectively, efficiently and the current payment system is more conducive than the previous system. The result of this research is a payment system design that utilizes information technology that can solve various problems that occur in the current system.
Effects of Workload Job Demand and Ineffective Leadership on Offshore Employee Well-being in Oil and Gas Industry: The Mediating Role of Friend Support
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Sabah Branch, MALAYSIA, Abdul Wahab M Wazien Afifi , Albert Gisip Imelda ,   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Sabah Branch, MALAYSIA, Syed Annuar Sharifah Nurafizah ,   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Sabah Branch, MALAYSIA
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to examine effects of workload job demand and ineffective leadership to the offshore employee well-being in oil and gas industry. In addition, this study also seeks to determine the mediating role of friend support to the relationships of workload job demand and ineffective leadership with offshore employee well-being. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is mainly based on secondary sources of information, through references and review of articles in selected journals pertaining to workload job demand, ineffective leadership and employee well-being in oil and gas industry. Findings: This paper highlights past studies on the effects of workload job demand and ineffective leadership to the offshore employee well-being. The reviews also address the related gaps from previous studies. Originality/value – This research paper is based on original research which seeks to contribute new knowledge and new approaches to solving existing problems by adapting and testing the mediating effects of friend support to the relationships between workload job demand and ineffective leadership with employee well-being particularly in the oil and gas industry.
Bireysel Portföy Yönetim Sözleşmesi Kapsamında Portföy Yöneticisinin Hukuki Sorumluluğu
Authors: ARMAĞAN Korhan
Published: July 2022

Özellikle 20. ve 21. yüzyılda insanlar, her türlü ihtiyaçlarının profesyonel bir biçimde yönetilebilmesi amacıyla çeşitli kişi ve kurumlardan hizmet almaya başlamışlardır. Bu bağlamda, kişinin sahip olduğu paranın ve buna bağlı olarak finansal kaynaklarının yönetilmesi olarak da tanımlanabilecek portföy yönetimi hizmeti ihtiyacı doğmuş ve bu çalışmamız ile bu durumun hukuki olarak incelemesi yapılmıştır. Portföy yönetimi çalışmamız kapsamında, portföy yönetim hizmetinin tanımlanması, portföy yönetim şirketlerinden bahsedilmesi, bireysel ve kolektif portföy yönetim hizmetinin ayrımının yapılması, bireysel portföy yönetim sözleşmesinin diğer sözleşmelerle karşılaştırılması ortaya konularak tarafların hak ve menfaatleri üzerinde durularak sorumluluklarının kapsamı konusunda bir sonuca varılması amaçlanmaktadır.
The Effect of Web 2.0 Supported Assessment and Evaluation Training on Questions Developed by Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: ÇELENK Göksel , TATLI Zeynep
Published: July 2022

It was aimed to determine the effect of "Web 2.0 supported measurement and evaluation training" (WSMAT) on the content and form properties of the questions developed by pre-service science, mathematics and social studies teachers. For this purpose, pre-service teachers were received a total of 40 hours training for 5-days to utilize web 2.0 tools used for the measurement and evaluation purposes. Pre-service teachers were asked to develop exam questions consisting of 30 questions by using traditional methods before the training and web 2.0 tools after the web 2.0 tools training. The questions prepared by the pre-service teachers were evaluated by two field experts from each branches (science, mathematics, social studies) by using the “evaluation scale” developed in line with the opinions and suggestions of the field experts. The questions developed by using web 2.0 tools for measurement-evaluation purposes were more qualified in terms of both content and form features than the questions developed by traditional methods. The reason for this is that web 2.0 tools are easy to produce content, easy to develop different question types with visual support, are independent of time and place, have an user-friendly interface and support teachers' attention and motivation by reducing the burden on them.
Hating as a form of cyber aggression. Stereotype image of hater in the linguistic consciousness of Russian students
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Kameneva Veronika A. , Morozova Irina S. ,   Kemerovo State University, Rabkina Nadezhda V. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: July 2022

The paper features the phenomenon of hating as a type of aggression in cyber communication and the features that define it as a specific form of cyber aggression. The paper reviews the main domestic and foreign scientific publications on the issue of hating. The authors defined such understudied aspects of this phenomenon as racial hate and described the object of cyber aggression, haters’ goals, hating triggers, etc. They also analyzed various interpretations of the concepts of hating and hater. The research objective was to correlate the content of the concept of hater and the stereotypical idea about it in the linguistic consciousness of Russian university students. The research was based on reactions obtained by a free associative experiment from 537 Russian students, who were asked to fill in an online questionnaire. The authors used the method of semantic analysis to divide the reactions into semantic groups and associative fields. The verbal reactions were also subjected to a semantic gestalt analysis. The study provided a model of the stereotypical image of a hater as seen by Russian students. The model takes into account the content, structure, and severity. The current image-stereotype of hater looks the following way: a hater is an insecure and envious person A, evil, bad, not very smart, and not quite psychologically healthy, who hates person B (as a rule, a public person) and envies them, wishes them evil, and sees them as an opponent, while expressing hatred and envy by means of Internet comments full of unreasonable hatred, envy, aggression, and negativity.
Linguistic personality of a primary schoolchild: an experimental study
Authors:   The State Budgetary Institution of additional Professional Education of the Voronezh Region, Lemуaskina Natalia A.
Published: July 2022

The object of this study is a linguistic personality of a primary schoolchild (from the 1st to the 4th grades), while the subject is the cognitive aspect of studying the personality of a child, namely, the cultural concepts “conscience”, “soul” (the latter being among the basic values of the Russian people influencing the formation of a child’s picture of the world), as well as the aspect of message including the description of storytelling and precedent phenomena used by modern children. The results of observations and a directed associative experiment conducted among children of the 1th – 4th grades of educational organizations of Voronezh are proposed. The purpose of the study is to show the peculiarities of the development of children’s linguistic consciousness and the use of precedent phenomena, the latter being an important component of the image of the child’s world. This work has been performed in Voronezh for several decades within the framework “Communicative behavior (society, group, personality)” under the guidance of Professor I.A. Sternin [Sternin, 1989: 279–282]. The theoretical foundations of the study are laid in the works of G.I. Bogin, L.S. Vygotsky, I.N. Gorelov, O.S. Issers, Yu.N. Karaulov, V.V. Krasnykh, A.N. Leontiev, K.F. Sedov, I.A. Sternin, N.V. Ufimtseva, V.K. Kharchenko, S.N. Tseytlin, A.M. Shakhnarovich. The obtained results are reflected in the articles and the monographs of the author.
Reseña bibliográfica de: Blanco, J. (2021). Historia de una relación impensada. El catolicismo en los sindicatos durante el primer peronismo. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Universidad de Mar del Plata y Grupo Editor Universitario, 121 pp.
Authors: Oneto Luciano Omar
Published: July 2022

Es la reseña de un libro reciente
La enfermería en salud pública en Santiago de Chile y Buenos Aires.
Authors: Martin Ana Laura , Ramacciotti Karina
Published: July 2022

En este artículo revisaremos dos experiencias de enfermería sanitaria durante la mitad del siglo XX: una de ellas en el barrio de Quinta Normal en Santiago de Chile entre 1944 a 1952 bajo el auspicio de la Fundación Rockefeller y la otra en el barrio de Villa Soldati en Buenos Aires en 1947. El aporte de la propuesta radica en rastrear sendas experiencias de medicina social, entendida como intervenciones de prevención, de curación y de difusión sanitaria, protagonizadas por enfermeras especializadas en salud pública. Ambas propuestas tuvieron vínculos entre sí a partir de los contactos que establecieron las enfermeras durante sus instancias de capacitación y entrenamiento. El corpus documental está formado por documentos oficiales de ambas experiencias, por informes e intervenciones en el ámbito comunitario, institucional y profesional de las enfermeras y médicos que participaron y por publicaciones de la Fundación Rockefeller.
Resumen de tesis: Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio – Regional Córdoba. Resignificación de las demandas de memoria, verdad y justicia durante la segunda mitad de la década del 90´
Authors: Puttini María Paula
Published: July 2022

Es un resumen de Tesis
Reseña bibliográfica de: Osorio, J. y Reyes, C. (2020). La diversidad en el sistema mundial capitalista. Procesos y relaciones en la heterogeneidad imperante. México: Gedisa–UAM. 272 pp.
Authors: Branca Ayelén
Published: July 2022

Es la reseña de un libro reciente
Presentación
Authors: Moreno Agustín
Published: July 2022

Presentación
Effects of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 Alpha and Beta Chemokine Concentrations in the Progression of Endometriosis
Authors: Sadłocha Marcin , Toczek Jakub , Czuba Zenon , Stojko Rafał
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1a) and beta (MIP1b) chemokines in endometriosis, and to understand the immuno-pathophysiology underlying the progression of this disease. Methods: Analyses and conclusions outlined in this study were based on in vitro experiments conducted using supernatants collected from cultured lymphocytes taken from women with endometriosis and from healthy donors. The study group included 30 patients meeting the outlined inclusion criteria who were diagnosed at various clinical stages of endometriosis following a laparoscopic procedure and subsequent histopathological examination. The control group were 50 patients with infertility but without endometriosis. Blood samples were taken and the resulting buffy coat was used to establish lymphocyte cultures. After plating the cells, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was added and after 24 hours of incubation, supernatants were collected by centrifugation and subjected to analysis. Results: MIP1a and MIP1b levels in PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures from women with endometriosis were elevated when compared to controls, and this difference was highly statistically significant for both cytokines (p = 0.00001 and p = 0.000026, respectively). Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between the occurrence of endometriosis and PHA-stimulated chemokine concentration in lymphocyte culture supernatants. Both MIP1a and MIP1b exhibited a statistical significance with the presence of endometriosis (p = 0.00001). Conclusions: In this study, we observed a significant increase in secretion of selected chemokine factors in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes from women diagnosed with endometriosis. This feature may indicate an essential role for these chemotactic factors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. To fully understand the influence of MIP1a and MIP1b on disease progression, it will be necessary in future studies to determine chemokine concentrations at each stage of endometriosis.
A Machine Learning Model Based on Genetic and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Predict Premature Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Liu Benrong , Fang Lei , Xiong Yujuan , Du Qiqi , Xiang Yang , Chen Xiaohui , Tian Chao-Wei , Liu Shi-Ming
Published: July 2022

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) has a poor prognosis and a high mortality and disability rate. Accurate prediction of the risk of PCAD is very important for the prevention and early diagnosis of this disease. Machine learning (ML) has been proven a reliable method used for disease diagnosis and for building risk prediction models based on complex factors. The aim of the present study was to develop an accurate prediction model of PCAD risk that allows early intervention. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (TCRFs) for 131 PCAD patients and 187 controls. The data was used to construct classifiers for the prediction of PCAD risk with the machine learning (ML) algorithms LogisticRegression (LRC), RandomForestClassifier (RFC) and GradientBoostingClassifier (GBC) in scikit-learn. Three quarters of the participants were randomly grouped into a training dataset and the rest into a test dataset. The performance of classifiers was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and concordance index. R packages were used to construct nomograms. Results: Three optimized feature combinations (FCs) were identified: RS-DT-FC1 (rs2259816, rs1378577, rs10757274, rs4961, smoking, hyperlipidemia, glucose, triglycerides), RS-DT-FC2 (rs1378577, rs10757274, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, glucose, triglycerides) and RS-DT-FC3 (rs1169313, rs5082, rs9340799, rs10757274, rs1152002, smoking, hyperlipidemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). These were able to build the classifiers with an AUC >0.90 and sensitivity >0.90. The nomograms built with RS-DT-FC1, RS-DT-FC2 and RS-DT-FC3 had a concordance index of 0.94, 0.94 and 0.90, respectively, when validated with the test dataset, and 0.79, 0.82 and 0.79 when validated with the training dataset. Manual prediction of the test data with the three nomograms resulted in an AUC of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.83, respectively, and a sensitivity of 0.92, 0.96 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusions: The selection of suitable features determines the performance of ML models. RS-DT-FC2 may be a suitable FC for building a high-performance prediction model of PCAD with good sensitivity and accuracy. The nomograms allow practical scoring and interpretation of each predictor and may be useful for clinicians in determining the risk of PCAD.
محاكمة الموتى في حياة ما بعد الموت عند الفراعنة
Authors: كاظم حنون فاضل , جبار جاسم زينب
Published: July 2022

آمن المصريون بالخلود وبالحياة الثانية واعتقدوا قديماً أن الخلود من نصيب الملك فالملوك آلهة على الأرض وفي السماء ومن الممكن أن يحظى بعض الأشخاص الذين يعطف عليهم الملوك بالخلود لأنهم سيشكلون حاشية للملك بالعالم الثاني كما شكلوا مملكة على الأرض،  بعدها أصبح الخلود هنا لا يقتصر على الفراعنة فقط، بل إنه يشمل عامة أفراد الشعب المصري القديم، لذا أصبح من أهم مهام الإنسان في حياته تجهيز منزله الأبدي الذي ينعم فيه بالخلود ، وبهذا اصبح من الضروري للمتوفى قبل كل شئ أن يأكل ويشرب ، فحياته الأخرى متوقفة على ذلك كما توقفت حياته الأولى على تلك الأمور الأساسية لاستمرار الحياة والتي يعاني من دونها من ألم الجوع، وحرقة العطش، من جهة أخرى فإنَّ الميت كان بحاجة إلى أن يقدم له أهله كل ما يحتاجه بعد دفنه أما بالنسبة للمتوفين الميسورين فأنّهم كانوا قبل وفاتهم يكلفون الكهنة بتقديم القرابين اللازمة لهم، أو أنْ يقوم أهل المتوفى بتكليف الكهنة بذلك.
دور منطقة أربيل الحضاري خلال العصريين الحجريين القديم والوسيط
Authors: يوسف حازم حسين
Published: July 2022

تعد منطقة أربيل ذات عمق تاريخي ومنجزاتها في الحضارة الانسانية في العراق. اذ شهدت انبثاق اقدم حضارة بشرية في المنطقة تمتد لأقدم العصور الحجرية القديمة من حيث وجود أقدم المناطق الكهفية التي تعود لفترة الالف العاشر قبل الميلاد، وقد حظي موقع منطقة أربيل بأهمية كبيرة باعتباره جزء من المنطقة الجبلية التي تتميز بوفرة مياهها وتنساب منها روافد نهر دجلة وهي صالحة للزراعة، وتعد منطقة اربيل اقدم المناطق التي شهدت اقدم سكنى للإنسان في العراق تمتد لأقدم العصور الحجرية القديمة التي تعود لفترة الاف العاشر وما قبله.
التاريخ الشفاهي في الدراسات الانثربولوجية
Authors: سهيل خليل رقية
Published: July 2022

يتناول البحث منهجا وأداة مهمة من أدوات التحليل الانثربولوجي ألا وهي التحليل التاريخي للثقافات الشفاهية حيث تحاول هذه الورقة البحثية بيان ما معنى التاريخ الشفاهي وفي أي مجتمعات يمكن تطبيق هذا المنهج كذلك بيان أهمية التحليل التاريخي في الدراسة الانثربولوجية حيث تضمن البحث على عدة مباحث كان الاول مفهوم التاريخ الشفاهي وأهميته التحليلية والثاني كان بعنوان سلبيات المنهج الشفاهي اما المبحث الثالث : شروط الرواية الشفوية اما المبحث الرابع فكان بعنوان خطوات المنهج الشفاهي وأهمية المقابلات إضافة الى مقدمة البحث واهم المصادر الواردة فيه .
الدور البغدادية المندثرة حتى سنة (656ه)
Authors: حسين علي السويطي محمد , محمد عبد الحسين مضر , ناصر والي سلام
Published: July 2022

شيدت مدينة بغداد في عهد الخليفة أبو جعفر المنصور، عندما كانت الدولة العباسية في أوج عظمتها، فُعمرِت فيها العديد من الدور والمحلات، وأخذت المدينة بالتوسع كونها عاصمة الدولة لإسلامية، إلا ان ذلك الحال لم يسير على وتيرة واحدة، إذ بدأت بعض عماراتها بالاندثار، وكان من بينها الدور السكنية، التي وصفت بأن اعدادها بلغت الالاف في عصر بلغ قمة ما وصل إليه فن العمارة الاسلامية، وذلك لعدة أسباب منها سياسية وعسكرية واقتصادية وطبيعية.
الدستور الايراني 1979 - 1989
Authors: حسين عبد السادة زينة
Published: July 2022

كل دولة من دول العالم وكل انسان لابد ان تحكمه قوانين ، فبدون تلك القوانين لا يمكن العيش بسلام ، ويُعد الدستور المرجع الأعلـى للدول ، وفـوق القوانين والتعليمات التي تصدر بل هو أساسها وعليه تبنى ، فالدستور قانون هدفه تنظيم سلطات الدولة ونظام حكمها، وشكل حكومتها.
وفيما يتعلق بموضوع (الدستور الايراني 1979- 1989) تعد دراسته ذات أهمية كبيرة ؛ لأن الدستور الايراني حفل بمفارقات ومتناقضات تمحورت حول شخصية واحدة هي الفقيه ؛ لأن الفقيه استناداً الى الدستور الايراني الحالي يجمع فعلا وواقعاً في شخصه السلطات الثلاث (التشريعية والتنفيذية والقضائية) ، ولهذا فإن الدستور الإيراني الذي صدر بعد ثورة الخميني في عام 1979 يعد الوثيقـة العليـا لكـل السياسات في البلاد .
Why recombinant Poliovirus possesses anticancer property?
Authors: ShanShan An , Lin Yuhan , Fu Min , Peng Jingli , Wang Yuchuan , Liu Qiuyun
Published: July 2022

Genomic instability is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Some viruses have been demonstrated to possess antineoplastic property. Viruses trigger immune responses upon infections, but not all viruses have been reported to boast robust anticancer effects. What molecular features can be found in these anti-neoplasm viral agents? These viruses may share characteristics with antimicrobial and anticancer peptides, such as content of particular amino acids, rendering viral protein fragments cytolytic or inhibitory to cell growth. The divalent cation-binding characteristic of valine and glycine can not only prompt cell death but also avert DNA damage, which ensured no cancer deterioration during tumor treatment. The moderate content of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the proteins of Poliovirus confers acid susceptibility of tumor but avoids DNA mutagenesis in the presence of cation-binding amino acid residues.
PRINSIP PENGGUBAHAN AKORD DAN VARIASINYA DALAM NYANYIAN JEMAAT
Authors: Iswanto
Published: July 2022

Musik gerejawi telah mengalami perkembangan dari zaman ke zaman. Berdasarkan dari latar belakang sejarah, musik dikelompokkan ke dalam beberapa zaman yaitu musik Abad pertengahan, Renaisans, Barok, Klasik, Romantik, Impressionis, Modern dan Post-Modern . Penggubahan musik menjadi bentuk kesenian yang dapat diterapkan dengan prinsip musikal. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang penggubahan akord dalam nyanyian jemaat berserta variasinya
Global water cycle shifts far beyond pre-industrial conditions – planetary boundary for freshwater change transgressed
Authors: Porkka Miina , Virkki Vili , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Gerten Dieter , Gleeson Tom , Mohan Chinchu , Fetzer Ingo , Jaramillo Fernando , Staal Arie , te Wierik Sofie , Tobian Arne , van der Ent Ruud , Döll Petra , Flörke Martina , Gosling Simon , Hanasaki Naota , Satoh Yusuke , Müller Schmied Hannes , Wanders Niko , Rockstrom Johan , Kummu Matti
Published: July 2022

Human actions compromise the many life-supporting functions provided by the freshwater cycle. Yet, scientific understanding of anthropogenic freshwater change and its long-term evolution is limited. Using a multi-model ensemble of global hydrological models, we estimate how, over a 145-year industrial period, streamflow and soil moisture have deviated from pre-industrial baseline conditions (defined by 5th–95th percentiles, at 0.5° grid level and monthly time step). We find increased frequency of local deviations on ~45% of land area, mainly in regions under heavy direct or indirect human pressures. To estimate humanity’s aggregate impact on the freshwater cycle, we present the evolution of deviation occurrence at regional to global scales. Currently, local streamflow and soil moisture deviations occur on 18.2% and 15.8% of global land area, respectively, which is 8.0 and 4.7 percentage points beyond the ~3 percentage point wide pre-industrial variability envelope. Finally, we discuss applying our approach to define a planetary boundary for freshwater change. Our results indicate a substantial shift from stable pre-industrial streamflow and soil moisture conditions to persistently increasing change and a transgression of the freshwater change planetary boundary, calling for urgent actions to reduce human disturbance of the freshwater cycle.
Measuring self-regulation in everyday life: reliability and validity of smartphone-based experiments in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Zech Hilmar G , Waltmann Maria , Lee Ying , Reichert Markus , Bedder Rachel L , Rutledge Robb , Deeken Friederike , Wenzel Julia , Wedemeyer Friederike , Aguilera Alvaro , Aslan Acelya , Bach Patrick , Bahr Nadja Samia , Ebrahimi Claudia , Fischbach Pascale C. , Ganz Marvin , Garbusow Maria , Großkopf Charlotte M. , Heigert Marie , Hentschel Angela , Belanger Matthew Joseph , Karln Damian , Pelz Patricia , Pinger Mathieu , Riemerschmid Carlotta , Rosenthal Annika , Steffen Johannes , Strehle Jens , Weiss Franziska , Wieder Gesine , Wieland Alfred , Zaiser Judith , Zimmermann Sina , Liu Shuyan , Walter Henrik , Tost Heike , Lenz Bernd , Andoh Jamila , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , rapp michael , Heinz Andreas , Dolan Raymond J , Smolka Michael N. , Deserno Lorenz
Published: July 2022

Self-regulation, the ability to guide behavior according to one’s goals, plays an integral role in understanding loss of control behaviors a pertinent example being substance use disorders (SUD). Yet, experimental tasks that measure processes underlying self-regulation are not easy to deploy in contexts where such behaviors often occur, namely in real life situations outside the laboratory. Moreover, lab-based experimental tasks are criticized for poor test–retest reliability and a lack of construct validity. These concerns might in part explain why ecological validity of experimental measures—their ability to predict real-life behavior—is low. To address these shortcomings, we assessed the reliability and construct validity of four smartphone-based experimental tasks designed to measure cognitive control and decision-making. To facilitate future clinical applicability we recruited a large (N=488) sample of individuals with SUD. Joint modeling of measurement sessions increased the reliability of task measures from moderate to good and often excellent levels. In line with theories of cognitive control and motivation, three latent factors reflecting cognitive control and decision-making in the context of gains and losses best described the data. As proof of concept, we show that a latent cognitive control score based on joint modeling, yielded stronger correlations with drinking behavior than single task scores based on separate modeling. These findings indicate that in individuals with SUD, smartphone-based ambulatory experimental assessments can reliably index functions of cognitive control and decision-making, with plausible construct validity. Our findings provide evidence for rich possibilities arising from longitudinal experimental studies in SUD as well as in psychiatry, neuroscience, and psychology more generally.
Why Does the Trait-State Relation in Vocational Interests Differ from That in Personality? Exploring Interest Variability in Daily Life
Authors: Roemer Lena , Stoll Gundula , Rounds James , Ziegler Matthias
Published: July 2022

Interests have been studied from a trait- and state-perspective. Recent studies propose to integrate these two traditions. This preregistered experience-sampling study (N = 217, Nobservations = 5,631) aimed to further the development of trait-state interest models. We sought to replicate and explain that vocational interest states vary within persons and exhibit a pattern of varying mainly below respective trait levels. We tested competing assumptions about the conceptualization of interest states. Across two operationalizations using items that were (not) tailored to participants’ daily lives, states varied mainly below trait levels. This suggests that this pattern is no measurement artifact, but that interest traits generally constrain the experience of states in daily life. Overall, the results refine the conceptualization of trait-state interests, suggesting new research directions.
Effects Of Internally Directed Cognition on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements: A Systematic Examination of Perceptual Decoupling
Authors: Korda Ziva , Walcher Sonja , Körner Christof , Benedek Mathias
Published: July 2022

Eye behavior differs between internally and externally directed cognition and thus is indicative of an internal versus external attention focus. Recent work implicated perceptual decoupling (i.e., eye behavior becoming less determined by the sensory environment) as one of the key mechanisms involved in these attention-related eye movement differences. However, it is not yet understood how perceptual decoupling depends on the characteristics of the internal task. Therefore, we systematically examined effects of varying internal task demands on smooth pursuit eye movements. Specifically, we evaluated effects of the internal workload (control vs. low vs. high) and of internal task (arithmetic vs. visuospatial). The results of multilevel modelling showed that effects of perceptual decoupling were stronger for higher workload, and more pronounced for the visuospatial modality. Effects also followed a characteristic time course relative to internal operations. The findings provide further support of the perceptual decoupling mechanism by showing that it is sensitive to the degree of interference between external and internal information.
How do people predict a random walk? Lessons for models of human cognition
Authors: Spicer Jake , Zhu Jian-Qiao , Chater Nick , Sanborn Adam N
Published: July 2022

Repeated forecasts of changing values are a key aspect of many everyday tasks, from predicting the weather to financial markets. A particularly simple and informative instance of such fluctuating values are random walks: sequences in which each point is a random movement from only its preceding value, unaffected by any previous points. Moreover, random walks often yield basic rational forecasting solutions in which predictions of new values should repeat the most recent value, and hence replicate the properties of the original series. In previous experiments, however, we have found that human forecasters do not adhere to this standard, showing systematic deviations from the properties of a random walk such as excessive volatility and extreme movements between subsequent predictions. We suggest that such deviations reflect general statistical signatures of human cognition displayed across multiple tasks, offering a window into underlying cognitive mechanisms. Using these deviations as new criteria, we here explore several cognitive models of forecasting drawn from various approaches developed in the existing literature, including Bayesian, error-based learning, autoregressive and sampling mechanisms. These models are contrasted with human data from two experiments to determine which best accounts for the particular statistical features displayed by participants. We find support for sampling models in both aggregate and individual fits, suggesting that these variations are attributable to the use of inherently stochastic prediction systems. We thus argue that variability in predictions is primarily driven by computational noise within the decision making process, rather than "late" noise at the output stage.
Co-Occurrence of Internalizing Difficulties and Aggression in Early Childhood and Risk of Later Mental Health Problems: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Tsotsi Stella , Goh Shaun , Coplan Robert , Bølstad Evalill , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Smajlagic Dinka , Bekkhus Mona
Published: July 2022

Understanding whether co-occurrent internalizing difficulties (ID) and aggression in early childhood convey increased risk for later mental health problems is important for theoretical and clinical purposes. To investigate this, mothers from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) reported on child ID and aggression at ages 3 (n=54,644; 26,750 girls) and 5 (n=38,177; 18,794 girls); depressive, anxiety, conduct-related, and opposition-defiant symptoms at age 8. Using ID and aggression, four profiles emerged: low-symptom/normative; primarily internalizing; primarily aggressive; co-occurrent. The “co-occurrent” group exhibited highest levels of depressive, anxiety and opposition-defiant symptoms at 8 years. The heterogeneity between early manifestation of ID and aggression, and specific type of later mental health symptoms supports a shared aetiology between internalizing and externalizing difficulties.
Salivary Neutrophil Sampling Feasibility in General Population for Gene Expression Analysis
Authors: Yount Garret , Rachlin Kenneth , Radin Dean , Carpenter Loren , Delorme Arnaud , Wahbeh Helané
Published: July 2022

Objective: Human gene expression studies typically rely on peripheral blood samples as a cellular source, however there are numerous situations in which venipuncture is contraindicated. To this end, an oral rinse-based method for collecting salivary neutrophils as a cellular source for gene expression analyses was previously developed and shown in a pilot study with five male participants to yield mRNA expression results comparable to those obtained from peripheral blood samples. The objective of the current study was to characterize the generalizability of the oral rinse-based method by analyzing unpublished RNA quality data obtained through a parent study that collected salivary neutrophil samples using the method from a larger sample size and including both men and women. Results: The 260/280 nm absorbance ratios of the RNA obtained from 48 participants using the oral rinse-based method were within the expected range (average = 1.88 +/- 0.16) for the majority of the samples, and no significant differences in RNA quality were found between participants’ health, age group, or gender. Together with published data confirming the integrity of RNA obtained using the same method, these results support the feasibility of using this noninvasive method for obtaining samples for human gene expression analyses.
Fear to Vote: Explosions, Salience, and Elections
Authors: Vargas Juan F. , Purroy Miguel E. , Coy Felipe , Perilla Sergio , Prem Mounu
Published: July 2022

We study how antipersonnel landmines thwart the consolidation of post-conflictdemocracy. We do so by exploiting the randomness in the timing of landmine explosionsrelative to election days, comparing the electoral outcomes of voting polls located close toa pre-election explosion with those near a post-election blast. We show that landmine explosions are salient stimuli that produce fear, reducing political participation. While theturnout reduction persists over time and takes place across the ideological spectrum, explosions induce shifts in the voting patterns of individuals who do vote, which are consistentwith emotional drivers and hurt specific political parties.
Технологии и общество : перспективы, риски и взаимозависимость развития. (Обзор)
Authors: Ishutin Alexander
Published: July 2022

В последние годы под влиянием пандемии COVID-19 темпы внедрения цифровых технологий значительно ускорились, а цифровизация охватила практически все сферы жизни общества. В январе 2022 г. на платформе Zoom состоялась конференция, посвященная обсуждению социально-экономических последствий цифровизации. В настоящем обзоре представлена проблематика и вопросы, поднятые в рамках указанной конференции.
Three Letters from Shah Safi I: Publication, Translation, Dating and Context
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Yastrebova Olga , Andreev Artyom ,   St. Petersburg State University, Pischurnikova Ekaterina ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2022

The paper is a publication of three diplomatic letters signed by Shah Safi I: two of them addressed to Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and one to his father, Patriarch Filaret. The inventory annotation of all three documents (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, fund 77 “Relations between Russia and Persia”, inv. 2) contained an erroneous dating. Comparison of each letter with the documents from the first part of the same collection (fund 77, inv. 1) has allowed the authors to correct their approximate dating and evaluate their significance in the context of the foreign policy and the goals pursued by the embassy delegations that delivered the letters. The publication of all three documents is accompanied with the documents' description and translation of their texts into English.
Kazakh Female Rings in Ethnographic Collections of St. Petersburg: Classification, Local Complexes, and Ritual Functions
Authors:   Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), RAS, Stasevich Inga , Popova Larisa ,   The Russian Museum of Ethnography, Beknazarov Rakhym ,   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University
Published: July 2022

Kazakh jewellery has long attracted the attention of scholars; however, there are few research papers that consider such museum collections. The present paper provides a detailed analysis of the collections of Kazakh female rings from the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, RAS, and the RussianMuseum of Ethnography. The research focus is placed on the design features of local complexes, which allows to present the museum collections as an ethnographic source to a broad scientific audience. Based on their own field materials, the authors describe the distinctive features of the signifying functions of rings in modern culture.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on COVID During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Ajanta , Ranjitkar Uma Devi , Singh Shreejana
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel corona virus outbreak a global pandemic on March 11 2020 due to its rapid spread on a global scale. Now the world is in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. More than 157289118 cases have been reported in 222 countries and mortality has reached a total of 3277272. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about COVID-19 virus, the disease its causes and how it spreads. Adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practice are the only key to control the pandemic. This review aims to study the present level of knowledge, attitude and practice done among respondents in various countries.
Methods: The review presents a summary of studies done on knowledge, attitude and practice during COVID-19 pandemic among the primary level students, graduate and post graduate students and the general population. Research articles were accessed through online search from November 2020 to April 2021. Collected articles were reviewed and conclusions were drawn in terms of knowledge score, attitude score and the level of practice. 
Results: The study population were from China, Nepal, India, Iraq, Bangladesh, Palestine, Nigeria, and Egypt. The population of study varies from primary level students to post graduate university level students and most of the studies were done on general population. Among the studies knowledge score ranged from minimum 48.3% in Bangladesh to highest 99.5% in Nigeria where knowledge was gained mainly through social media and television. The attitude score ranged from minimum 4.54 + 1.76 (Range 0 - 8) in Wuhan, China to maximum 79.5% in Nigeria. Similarly, the practice score ranged from 51.6% in Bangladesh to 87.9% in China.
Conclusions: Analysis reveals that the level of knowledge was average, have positive attitude and good practices. Utility of knowledge and positive attitudes and application of knowledge into practice will hopefully can control the spread of COVID-19.
Key Words: Attitude; Knowledge; Practice; Review
Prevalence of Hypertension and its Associated Risk Factors Among Military Personnel of Nepali Army in Selected Military Barracks of Nepal
Authors: Budhathoki Lee , Paudel Leela , Shrestha Bikal , Phuyal Naveen , Bhandari Ganesh , Shrestha Kshitij Kumar , Khadka Sagar , Shrestha Lochana
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is an important health issue among Military personnel because of their unique nature of duties and services. Unhealthy diet, low intake of fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and tobacco, overweight or obesity, family history of hypertension are the risk factors for hypertension. This study aims to identify the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Military personnel of Nepal Army.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 serving army personnel posted at four selected military barracks; Dhading, Birgunj, Lamjung and Tanahun with the data collection period from January to June 2020. The civilian population working in Army units, retired army personnel and dependents were excluded from the study. Systematic random sampling was used for the selection of participants. Pre-tested questionnaires, weighing machine, stadiometer, measuring tape, stethoscope and BP set were used as a tool for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 34.46 ± 5.25 years. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 13.4% and 37.3% respectively. Among the risk factors studied for hypertension; spouse’s education, tobacco chewing, history of hypertension in father and being overweight, were found to be statistically significant with p value of 0.047, 0.000, 0.021, and 0.002 respectively.
Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension was less in military personnel compared to other occupational groups. Avoidance of tobacco consumption, awareness on risk factors of non-communicable disease and maintenance of body weight by regular physical exercise could help reduce prevalence of hypertension in military personnel.
COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Hands-on Training to Healthcare Workers at Shree Birendra Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Chalise Gita Dhakal , Thapa Moon , Paudel Leela , Paudel Radha , Gurung Laxmi
Published: July 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic in many countries of the world, including Nepal, is requiring a level of response which is beyond the capacity of the nation. It needs collaborative action to increase the capacity to respond to outbreaks. With the aim of providing and assessing the effectiveness of hands-on training, healthcare professionals from Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS) and Shree Birendra Hospital (SBH) started COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Hands-on training to frontline workers from April to December 2020.
Methods: The training was initiated with the formation of core group of trainers, who conducted training of trainers (TOT) for 31 healthcare workers. The trainers who received TOT further trained 2549 healthcare workers from different health institutions. The training included topics like COVID-19 introduction and case definition; hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene and physical distancing; donning and doffing; disinfection and waste management; sample collection; patient transfer; dead body management and stress coping. Pre-test and post-test was done on 821 training participants to assess the effectiveness of training by using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. From among 821 trainees involved in pre and post-test, 266 participants were randomly selected for data analysis from the training register. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel and described by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: In our study, a score of ≥80% was acquired by 25.2% participants in pre-test and 76.3% participants in post-test. There was a significant increase in participants’ scores in post-test as compared to pre-test scores (p-value <0.001).
Conclusions: On-site hands-on training is effective in acquisition of knowledge on key areas of COVID-19 preparedness and response.
Correlation of Intraocular pressure and Visual Field Defects in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Gurung Anu , Thapa Kamala , Dhakal Sachit
Published: July 2022

Aim: To correlate between intraocular pressure (IOP) with visual field pattern in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).
Methods: Pretreatment IOP at presentation was measured in 94 eyes of patients diagnosed with POAG in a descriptive correlational study. At least two Humphrey Visual Field(HVF) assessment two weeks apart was performed. Glaucomatous visual field defect and its severity was diagnosed on the basis of Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria. The relationship between visual field defect and IOP were analyzed.
Results: Superior arcuate scotoma was most common visual field defect seen in 18(19.1%) eyes.  56 eyes (59.6%) had mild POAG (MD of <-6dB) with no cases having double arcuate scotoma whereas 1 eye (16.0%) with moderate POAG (MD of -6 to -12dB) had 1 double arcuate scotoma and 23 eyes (24.5%) with severe POAG (MD of >-12dB) had 14 double arcuate scotoma. The mean IOP in mild POAG was 24.29 mmHg (range 21-30); 26.40mmHg (range 22-31) in moderate POAG and 29.70 mmHg (range 22-36) in severe POAG. Significant relation was demonstrated between elevated IOP at presentation and higher negative values of MD (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Higher IOP at presentation is associated with severity of POAG. Aggressive treatment should be initiated to arrest the rate of progression.
Comparative study of diffuse midline glioma and glioblastoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the characteristics and demography
Authors: Joshi Sabendra , Wu Yuan-Kui , Xu Yi-Kai , Liu Xiao-Min , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Diffuse midline glioma and glioblastoma are classified as grade IV CNS tumors (WHO). The entity ‘diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27 mutant’ was introduced in the 4th revised edition of the 2016 WHO classification of brain tumors; however, there are only a few reports on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of these tumors. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study focused on Magnetic Resonance Imaging features of diffuse midline glioma compared to glioblastoma. This study aims to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics, anatomic location of lesions, and MRI characteristics of diffuse midline glioma and glioblastoma.
Methods: We histologically confirmed 30 patients with diffuse midline glioma and 70 patients with glioblastoma were enrolled in this retrospective study.
Pretreatment MRI of each patient was reviewed by a neuroradiology issuing physician and neuroradiology reporting physician for MRI characteristics of tumors. Comparative analysis was performed of the imaging pattern to show differences between diffuse midline glioma and glioblastoma with the p-value. 
Results: The age of patients with diffuse midline glioma (mean age =24.7 ±10.4) was significantly lower than in those with glioblastoma (mean age =48.2 ±1). The majority of patients with diffuse midline glioma (56.7%) and glioblastoma (51.4%) were ≤ 25 and ≥ 50 years age group respectively. The most common location of diffuse midline glioma and glioblastoma were the thalamus (73.3%) and frontal lobe (37.1%) respectively. The presence of hydrocephalus, edema, and invasion were statistically significantly differences in patients with diffuse midline glioma (hydrocephalus = 46.7%, edema = 53.3%, and invasion =30%) than in those with glioblastoma (hydrocephalus = 12.9%, edema = 88.6%, and invasion =5.7%)  (P < 0.05 each).
Conclusions: Despite having similar imaging features, diffuse midline glioma exhibited marked differences in age, edema, invasion, and hydrocephalus in MRI compared to Glioblastoma.