bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does how you treat yourself affect your health? The relationship between health-promoting behaviors and self-compassion among a community sample
Authors: Holden Chelsey L , Rollins P , Gonzalez M
Published: March 2020

This study explores the relationship between self-compassion, or treating oneself with kindness and acceptance, using the Self-Compassion Scale, and health-promoting behaviors, using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, among a community sample. Canonical correlation results indicate self-compassion and health-promoting behaviors share 76 percent of the variance within the data set. The positive components of self-compassion are strongly positively correlated with health-promoting behaviors, and the negative components of self-compassion are strongly negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors. Hierarchical linear regression results indicate self-kindness and mindfulness are significant predictors of health-promoting behaviors after controlling for demographics.
Socio-emotional determinants of depressive symptoms in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Smith Isaac C , White Susan W
Published: March 2020

Co-occurring problems with mood and anxiety among adolescents and adults on the autism spectrum are highly prevalent and contribute to poor outcomes and diminished quality of life. The current study’s principal aim was to evaluate variation in the presentation of depression symptomatology among adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder, specifically to determine if social motivation may be implicated in an autism spectrum disorder–specific subtype of depression. A systematic review was conducted, with an initial search conducted in February 2018 and a search update conducted in November 2019, yielding 48 articles which met inclusion criteria. Results support other recent work indicating that symptoms of depression are highly prevalent among adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Coding of study variables related to core autism spectrum disorder symptoms provided initial evidence for the proposition of a conceptual model implicating social motivation in the etiology of depression among a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Lay abstract

Many adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulty with symptoms of depression. These symptoms can contribute to poor quality of life and lack of independence for adolescents and adults. To better understand these symptoms, we conducted a review of articles that examined the presentation of depression specific to autism spectrum disorder. Our goals in conducting this study were (1) to examine whether depression may be associated with symptoms that are common among people with autism spectrum disorder, such as loneliness or poor social motivation; (2) to determine whether people with autism spectrum disorder experience depression in a different way than the general population; and (3) to add to other recent studies that have examined how common depression is in autism spectrum disorder and how it is typically measured. Our study reviewed 48 papers on this topic. Results showed that a substantial proportion of people with autism spectrum disorder experience significant symptoms of depression. We related our results to social factors commonly studied in this field (i.e. social motivation) and proposed a new model for the development of depression in this population.
Surrender to win: Constructions of 12-step recovery from alcoholism and drug addiction
Authors: Duff Gordon Cosmo , Willig Carla
Published: March 2020

This article focuses on the ways in which members of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous construct themselves as being in recovery from addiction. In this original study, data were taken from 19 participants. They were analysed using Willig’s six-stage Foucauldian discourse analytic method. This method is suited to enabling the analyst to locate discourse resources used by participants within broader, dominant, discourses, and for exploration of the implications of these constructions for subjectivity and practice. This article presents a discussion of analytic findings. Mainstream academia has often constructed 12-Step recovery as a largely totalising discourse. This is likely to have negatively prejudiced health professionals and may help explain relatively low referral rates into 12-Step resources for addicted clients. However, our analysis suggested that participants constructed themselves not as subjected by Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous discourse, but as drawing on it in ways aligned with agency, in order to practice care of the self in pursuit of various ethical goals. This implies 12-Step recovery to be less antithetical to, and indeed more aligned with, humanistic practitioner values than is perhaps often assumed to be the case. This finding suggests that practitioners may need to consider reappraising their view of 12-Step recovery. The discussion will therefore focus on the agency-structure dialectic that seemed to be at the heart of participant constructions of addiction and recovery. It is also a finding which points to an urgent need for more qualitative studies in the currently under-researched, and hence perhaps poorly understood, area of 12-Step recovery from addiction.
Childhood family violence and officer responses to officer-involved domestic violence: Effects of cumulative and resolved trauma
Authors: Prost Stephanie Grace , Saunders Daniel G , Oehme Karen
Published: March 2020

Law enforcement officers who witness or experience abuse in their family of origin are at higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol abuse. These trauma effects may, in turn, affect officers’ responses to domestic violence victims who call on them for help. The purpose of this study was to examine how these childhood traumas, PTSD, and alcohol abuse affect officers’ supportive responses to victims and perpetrators of officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV). We hypothesized that officers who witnessed or experienced family of origin violence would have higher levels of PTSD and abusive drinking than those without trauma. Furthermore, we hypothesized that officers with resolved trauma (i.e., no current PTSD or abusive drinking) would be more likely to support victims of OIDV than officers with unresolved trauma. Survey respondents were law enforcement officers ( n = 1661) in police and sheriff’s departments throughout the United States. Results partially supported the hypotheses regarding the separate and cumulative effects of witnessing family violence and experiencing child abuse. In addition, officers who endured these childhood traumas, but resolved these concerns reported a significantly greater average likelihood of helping an OIDV victim than those with unresolved trauma. Implications include the promotion of employee assistance programs and professional counselors to support officers with unresolved trauma, which may lead to improved responses to OIDV.
Organizational justice, burnout, and turnover intention of social workers in China
Authors: Wang Yean , Jiang Nan , Zhang Huan , Liu Ziyu
Published: March 2020

High turnover rate among Chinese social work practitioners is a big challenge facing the nation’s social work profession. Turnover intention, the determinant predictor of actual turnover, has been widely used instead of the actual turnover. Among many predictors, burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy) was recognized as a key predictor of turnover intention. In addition, recently, organizational justice is getting more and more attention by social work scholars in affecting employees’ intention to leave the organization. This article aims to empirically test how different dimensions of organizational justice influence social workers’ turnover intention, regarding burnout as a mediator, and including the development and validation of a new organizational justice scale in Chinese context.

Findings

In total, 616 social workers (223 from Beijing for Study 1 and 393 from Jiangmen for Study 2) participated in the study. The results revealed that interpersonal justice is the most important dimension for predicting social workers’ turnover intention, whereas cynicism plays a mediator role in that relationship.

Application

Turnover is an organizational behavior. Therefore, it is more important for organization managers and policy makers to consider the factors from organizational conditions that are influencing turnover. This study provides the field of social work in China with solid evidence that more attention should be paid to management issues in solving the challenge of a high turnover rate.
Recognizing research participants’ fluid positionalities in (post-)conflict zones
Authors: Schulz Philipp
Published: March 2020

This article re-conceptualizes the highly ambivalent relationships between researchers and research participants in conflict zones, with a focus on recognizing respondents’ multiple and fluid positionalities. Standardized and dominant approaches to qualitative research are largely based on essentialist and infantilized portrayals of research participants and neo-colonial assumptions regarding the research relationship: informants are presumed to be inevitably vulnerable and in need of external protection, while the researcher is positioned as the omnipresent expert in control of the research process. In reality, however, research participants rarely exclusively occupy the ‘oppressed victimhood’ axis of identity and frequently take on active roles in the research and data collection process in a myriad of ways. I elucidate how especially in (post-)conflict zones, research participants frequently re-shape power dynamics by exercising agency over the researcher and the research process. While previous studies have considered how informants’ agency can shape processes of knowledge production, in this article I expand this focus by examining how key-informants can, and frequently do, facilitate the researchers’ safety and security. I specifically draw on personal experiences of empirical research in Northern Uganda. I demonstrate how in a particular moment of post-conflict insecurity – while being trapped in-between the exchange of gunfire between the Ugandan police and an armed group – one of my key-informants ensured my physical protection and safety, thereby exercising power over me and the research relationship. The key-informants in this context thus occupied multiple positionalities – ranging from informant to protector, evidencing that research relationships are never static but rather contextual, shift and fluctuate. Such ambivalent and fluid power dynamics are more reflective of the lived realities of qualitative research and can influence the research process by positioning researchers and research participants on more equal terms.
Banishing “Siberia” and Student Seclusion: Leading Trauma-Informed Systems Change in a Rural School
Authors: Biddle Catharine , Brown Lyn Mikel
Published: March 2020

Trauma-informed school practices require enactment of trauma-informed principles including prioritizing students’ physical and psychological safety, connection, cultural responsiveness, and student empowerment. These principles frequently challenge teachers’ preexisting beliefs about rules, consequences, and the intention behind student behaviors. In this case, an early career principal must address the actions of several teachers who chose to reinstate a previously existing seclusion room that had been transformed into a food pantry. The case highlights issues in supporting staff divided around school change, being an early career school leader in a rural school with high leadership turnover, and managing relationships between staff and external school partners.
Single Versus Double Tendon Transfer to Improve Shoulder External Rotation During the Treatment of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy
Authors: Abzug Joshua M. , Miller Elie , Case Alexandria L. , Hogarth Danielle A. , Zlotolow Dan A. , Kozin Scott H.
Published: March 2020

Background: Tendon transfers are commonly performed in patients with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) to improve function. Transferring 2 tendons in patients with C5-7 injury has the potential complication of loss of midline function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a single tendon transfer (1TT) as opposed to the traditional double tendon transfer (2TT) resulted in any differences in functional outcomes in patients with C5-7 BPBP. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with C5-7 BPBP who underwent tendon transfers to improve shoulder external rotation over a 5-year period was performed at 2 institutions. Outcomes were assessed using the modified Mallet (MM) classification scores. Results: Twenty-two C5-7 patients had complete records of preoperative and postoperative MM scores, including 11 sex-matched patients in both the 1TT and 2TT groups. When comparing preoperative and postoperative MM categories, there were significant improvements in both the 1TT and 2TT groups for global abduction ( P < .05 and P < .01, respectively) and external rotation ( P < .00001 for both). Modified Mallet (MM) hand to neck scores were significantly improved in the 2TT group ( P < .05) but not in the 1TT group ( P = .053). Internal rotation scores significantly decreased in both groups ( P < .001). Both groups demonstrated significant increases in total scores from the preoperative MM scores ( P < .01). Conclusion: The 1TT and 2TT procedures result in substantial gains in upper extremity functions for patients with C5-7 BPBP as measured by the MM score, specifically within the global abduction and external rotation subcategories. However, a significant loss occurs in internal rotation for both groups.
The North Karelia Project: Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Finland Through Population-Based Lifestyle Interventions
Authors: Puska Pekka , Jaini Paresh
Published: March 2020

The North Karelia Project was started in 1972 as a response to the high cardiovascular mortality among men in North Karelia, Finland’s easternmost province. Prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factors in the province included elevated serum cholesterol, hypertension, and smoking. Through a sociobehavioral framework utilizing community-based interventions and national-level policy changes and legislation, the project targeted lifestyle changes as a means to alleviate cardiovascular disease risk factors. Diet recommendations included minimizing the use of saturated fats and decreasing salt intake. Another target of the project was to reduce the prevalence of smoking. As a result of the lifestyle interventions that continued beyond the initial 5 years of the project and then expanded to all of Finland, there were significant reductions in serum cholesterol levels, hypertension, smoking prevalence, and cardiovascular disease mortality. The North Karelia Project demonstrates that successful population-based lifestyle interventions serve as a sustainable public health solution to the growing chronic disease burden.
The cluster randomized crossover trial: The effects of attrition in the AB/BA design and how to account for it in sample size calculations
Authors: Moerbeek Mirjam
Published: March 2020

Background/Aims:

This article studies the effect of attrition in the cluster randomized crossover trial. The focus is on the two-treatment two-period AB/BA design where attrition occurs during the washout period. Attrition may occur at either the subject level or the cluster level. In the latter case, clusters drop out entirely and provide no measurements in the second period. Subject attrition can only occur in the cohort design, where each subject receives both treatments. Cluster attrition can also occur in the cross-sectional design, where different subjects are measured in the two time periods. Furthermore, this article explores two different strategies to account for potential levels of attrition: increasing sample size and replacing those subjects who drop out by others.

Methods:

The statistical model that takes into account the nesting of subjects within clusters, and the nesting of repeated measurements within subjects is presented. The effect of attrition is evaluated on the basis of the efficiency of the treatment effect estimator. Matrix algebra is used to derive the relation between efficiency, the degree of attrition, cluster size and the intraclass correlations: the within-cluster within-period correlation, the within-cluster between-period correlation and (in the case of a cohort design) the within-subject correlation. The methodology is implemented in two Shiny Apps.

Results:

Attrition in a cluster randomized crossover trial implies a loss of efficiency. Efficiency decreases with an increase of the attrition rate. The loss of efficiency due to attrition of subjects in a cohort design is largest for small number of subjects per cluster-period, but it may be repaired to a large degree by increasing the number of subjects per cluster-period or by replacing those subjects who drop out by others. Attrition of clusters results in a larger loss of efficiency, but this loss does not depend on the number of subjects per cluster-period. Repairing for this loss requires a large increase in the number of subjects per cluster-period. The methodology of this article is illustrated by an example on the effect of lavender scent on dental patients’ anxiety.

Conclusion:

This article provides the methodology of exploring the effect of attrition in cluster randomized crossover trials, and to repair for attrition. As such, it helps researchers plan their trial in an appropriate way and avoid underpowered trials. To use the methodology, prior estimates of the degree of attrition and intraclass correlation coefficients are needed. It is advocated that researchers clearly report the estimates of these quantities to help facilitate planning future trials.
Higher education in a depopulating society: Survival strategies of Japanese universities
Authors: Inaba Yushi
Published: March 2020

Internationally and domestically, depopulation and the decrease of student enrollment caused are becoming an issue of interest in higher education, especially in regions such as east Europe, south Europe, and East Asia. This article analyzes strategies of Japanese universities to tackle depopulation issues in Japan. The 18-year-old bracket population has been halved for the last quarter century, and steep depopulation currently occurs in Japan. Such demographic changes strongly affect the Japanese higher education system. Through document and secondary data analysis, five major strategies were identified: subject diversification; merger (vertical and/or horizontal integration); campus relocation; take-over by local authorities; and closure. From these findings, a framework to describe the strategic decision-making of Japanese universities that consisted of environmentally determined exogenous factors, endogenous factors of university, and strategic options in managing the contraction of student enrollment was proposed. Finally implications on each strategy were discussed both in domestic and international contexts.
Lifelong learning pathway of a coach developer operating in a national sport federation
Authors: Ciampolini Vitor , Tozetto Alexandre VB , Milan Fabrício J , Camiré Martin , Milistetd Michel
Published: March 2020

Coach developers play essential roles in “coaching the coaches,” and investigating their lifelong learning pathway is key for better understanding the mechanisms that lead certain coaches to become coach developers. Thus, the purpose of the paper was to conduct a case study to investigate the lifelong learning pathway of a coach developer operating in a national sport federation. The case investigated is Mille, a certified coach developer in charge of the Brazilian Rugby Federation’s coach education program. Data were collected through the Rappaport Time Line and two semi-structured interviews. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was adopted to explore the lived experiences reported by the participant. The results highlighted that Mille is an individual driven by challenges provided either by external factors (i.e. school, university, work) or by his own choices (i.e. becoming a coach, becoming a coach developer, starting a PhD) for personal and professional development. Specific life events led him to make decisions for evolving in his roles, from athlete, to coach, to coach developer, and to “master trainer,” which is the highest level of certification provided by World Rugby. Practical implications are suggested to contribute to the organization of education initiatives for coach developers through a lifelong learning perspective.
Can Syndesmosis Screws Displace the Distal Fibula?
Authors: Vance Nicholas G. , Vance Robert C. , Chandler William T. , Panchbhavi Vinod K.
Published: March 2020

Background. There has been historical debate as to whether the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis can be overtightened during operative fixation. We used finite-element analysis to determine if overtightening of syndesmotic screws can cause widening of the lateral gutter clear space in the ankle joint. Methods. A 3D finite-element model was constructed and analyzed using geometries from a computed tomography scan of a cadaveric lower leg. Starting 2 cm from the plafond, screw fixation was simulated at 5-mm increments to a distance of 5 cm from the plafond. The fibula was compressed 2 mm toward the tibia at each interval, and the change in distance between the lateral talus and distal fibula was measured. Results. Medial deflection of the fibula resulted in widening of the lateral clear space, which was proportional to the amount of deflection. The effect increased as screws were placed closer to the plafond, with 1.5 mm of widening at 2 cm (0.76 mm/mm) versus 0.7 mm at 5 cm (0.34 mm/mm). Conclusion. Our finite-element model demonstrated that overtightening of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis with medial fibular displacement can cause widening of the lateral clear space. Clinical relevance. The results suggest that screws placed farther from the plafond widen the lateral clear space to a lesser degree, which may be advantageous during surgical fixation to prevent clear space widening and increased tibiotalar contact forces.

Levels of Evidence: Level I
Eustachian Tube Quality of Life and Severity of Disease in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Walgama Evan S. , Higgins Thomas S. , Borrelli Michela , Vardanyan Narine , Hopp Stephanie , Shamsian Arash , Hopp Martin L.
Published: March 2020

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has long been a suspected risk factor for Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). However, there have been few studies quantifying the presence of ETD in CRS patients. We sought to determine the prevalence of ETD symptoms in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for CRS using the validated 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) and to correlate the ETDQ-7 scores with scores of CRS symptom severity based on the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).

Methods

Patients for FESS were preoperatively administered both the ETDQ-7 and the SNOT-22 validated quality of life instruments. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. Changes in ETDQ-7 were measured at 3 months and differences were compared via paired t test.

Results

A total of 82 patients completed the surveys. Thirty-nine (47.6%) patients had ETDQ-7 score ≥14.5, signifying clinically significant ETD symptoms. The mean ETDQ-7 score of the study population was 15.8 ± 8.8, and the mean SNOT-22 score was 37.5 ± 19.7. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients between ETDQ-7 and the total SNOT-22 score were 0.52 ( P > .0001) and 0.51 ( P < .0001), respectively. There was significant improvement in ETDQ-7 scores postoperatively.

Conclusion

While the association between ETD and CRS has long been known, this is one of the few prospective patient studies evaluating otologic symptoms in a CRS population. We found that a significant percentage of CRS patients suffer from ETD symptoms based on patient-reported subjective outcome measures. This study demonstrates that otologic symptoms increase with CRS severity and improve after FESS.
Surgical management of adverse events associated with deep brain stimulation: A single-center experience
Authors: Nonaka Masani , Morishita Takashi , Yamada Kazumichi , Fujioka Shinsuke , Higuchi Masa-aki , Tsuboi Yoshio , Abe Hiroshi , Inoue Tooru
Published: March 2020

Objectives:

Deep brain stimulation is widely used to treat movement disorders and selected neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the fact, the surgical methods vary among centers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate our own surgical complications and how we performed surgical troubleshooting.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the clinical data of patients who underwent deep brain stimulation surgery and deep brain stimulation–related procedures at our center between October 2014 and September 2019. We reviewed surgical complications and how surgical troubleshooting was performed, regardless of where the patient underwent the initial surgery.

Results:

A total of 92 deep brain stimulation lead implantation and 43 implantable pulse generator replacement procedures were performed. Among the 92 lead implantation procedures, there were two intracranial lead replacement surgeries and one deep brain stimulation lead implantation into the globus pallidus to add to existing deep brain stimulation leads in the bilateral subthalamic nuclei. Wound revision for superficial infection of the implantable pulse generator site was performed in four patients. There was neither intracerebral hemorrhage nor severe hardware infection in our series of procedures. An adaptor (extension cable) replacement was performed due to lead fracture resulting from a head trauma in two cases.

Conclusion:

We report our experience of surgical management of adverse events associated with deep brain stimulation therapy with clinical vignettes. Deep brain stimulation surgery is a safe and effective procedure when performed by a trained neurosurgeon. It is important for clinicians to be aware that there are troubles that are potentially manageable with optimal surgical treatment.
Urethral obstruction and urolithiasis associated with patent urachus in a 12-week-old kitten
Authors: Lavin Lindsey E , Amore Amanda R , Shaver Stephanie L
Published: March 2020

Case summary

A 12-week-old intact male domestic shorthair kitten presented for dysuria. The patient had a urethral obstruction that was relieved with urinary catheter placement. A cutaneous opening at the umbilicus was identified. Three-view abdominal radiographs and a contrast study revealed a patent urachus with no evidence of urine leakage into the abdomen. An exploratory laparotomy was performed that confirmed a patent urachus, which was excised, and cystic and urethral calculi, which were removed via cystotomy. The patient recovered well from surgery, with a 12 h period of stranguria occurring 2 days postoperatively, attributed to residual inflammation. Calculi analysis revealed struvite stones, likely secondary to infection and inflammation. At the time of writing, 3 months postoperatively, the kitten had one episode of hematuria and inappropriate urination, which resolved with a short course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but had been otherwise been asymptomatic and healthy.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first report of urolithiasis and patent urachus in a pediatric feline patient. Based on the occurrence of struvite stones in the presence of a patent urachus in an animal of this age, we suspect that chronic infection and inflammation led to the development of urolithiasis. Correction of the patent urachus resulted in almost complete resolution of clinical signs and no crystal formation was appreciated on recheck urinalysis.
Unusual presentation of vitamin D3-dependent rickets type II in a kitten
Authors: Duplan Florent , Maunder Christina
Published: March 2020

Case summary

A 15-week-old kitten presented with a 1-month history of intermittent generalised tremors and abdominal distension. Hypocalcaemia associated with increased 1,25-vitamin D3 was consistent with vitamin D3-dependent rickets type II. The bone appearance on CT scan was most consistent with the changes typically seen with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and less typical of the changes seen with rickets. Our patient had a positive response to high vitamin D3 therapy as it remained normocalcaemic 16 months after diagnosis, supporting the diagnosis of rickets.

Relevance and novel information

This case report is an unusual and interesting presentation of rickets in a kitten. Despite the characteristic vitamin D3 disturbance for rickets type II, the atypical radiographic changes have not been previously reported. In the literature, a positive response to treatment is not commonly seen or follow-up is short. Our case responded well to treatment and was followed for 16 months from the time of diagnosis. This emphasises that the pathophysiology of the condition is not well understood, and that different types of vitamin D3-dependent rickets type II may exist. Although the genetic defects responsible for some cases of rickets type I have been identified, this has still not been determined for rickets type II.
President Duterte’s bicephalous leadership: Populist at home – pragmatic abroad
Authors: Tenorio Christine B , Meyer Patrik K , Nurmandi Achmad
Published: March 2020

Rodrigo Duterte won the Philippines’ 2016 presidential elections thanks to a well-orchestrated campaign and his populist appeal among Filipinos. Soon after he assumed the presidency, he surprised and upset most of his domestic and western international audiences by pragmatically rejecting the pro-Western approach followed by the previous Aquino administration and adopting a China-friendly one. Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis, this research reveals President Duterte’s bicephalous leadership: populist in domestic policies, and pragmatic but unpopular in foreign relations. To qualitatively describe the dichotomy between the populist and pragmatic nature of Duterte’s leadership, this article surveys the Philippines’ mainstream media from 2016 to 2019. Furthermore, this analysis shows that Duterte is using a defensive neorealist approach in building Philippines-China relations and that Filipinos are willing to consider China as a constructive partner for their country.
Policy-Driven Development and the Strategic Initiative of One-Million Enrollment Expansion in China’s Higher Vocational Education
Authors: Fan Xiaoxian
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

This article explores the relationship between governmental policy and the development of higher vocational education in China.

Design/Approach/Methods:

The article begins with a textual analysis of dozens of policy documents on higher vocational education issued by the Chinese government since 1999.

Findings:

The article argues that the development of higher vocational education in China has been largely policy-driven. This development can be divided into four stages: scale development, quality improvement, capacity building, and systemwide enhancement. The transition between each of these developmental stages was marked by new policy initiatives undertaken by the Chinese government.

Originality/Value:

The government’s recent efforts to expand higher vocational education enrollment by one million students have significant implications for China’s higher vocational education. Additionally, the proposed “1 + X” model—which attaches equal importance to academic education and skill training—may represent the beginning of a new stage in the development of higher vocational education in China.
Learning Experience: An Alternative Understanding Inspired by Thinking Through Confucius
Authors: You Yun
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

This article aims to provide an alternative understanding of learning experience in contrast to the dominant constructivist interpretation, and discuss its implication for pedagogy.

Design/Approach/Methods:

The aim is specifically achieved in the comparison between a review of how experience is understood in constructivism and its philosophical underpinnings and an exploration of how it can be understood alternatively inspired by Confucius’ educational thought and premised on his ontology. Drawing on this philosophical discussion, learning experience is reinterpreted.

Findings:

Beyond rationally translating experience into knowledge or gaining knowledge on the basis of experience, learning leads students to immediately and consistently experience dao in which tian and ren harmoniously unit. This experience renders aesthetics and religiousness in learning and moral transformation in life events.

Originality/Value:

By illustrating this ontological alternative of learning experience, this article is an attempt to fundamentally decolonize thinking about pedagogy.
Downstream River Dialogues: An Educational Journey Toward a Planetary-Scaled Ecological Imagination
Authors: Taylor Affrica
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

This article aims to subvert the nature/culture and subject/object divides that structure the dominant Western educational research paradigm by stepping beyond an exclusively human conversation and activating our ecological imaginations in the face of intensifying anthropogenic climate change.

Design/Approach/Methods:

Informed by animist ecofeminist philosophies, the river dialogues emerged from a climate action research field trip to the Athabasca oil sand mines in Alberta, Canada. They perform a “more-than-human” mode of narrative engagement with “nature in the active voice.”

Findings:

Despite the epistemological separations of Western-style education, I conclude that we can still find ways to dialogue and learn with the nonhuman world and thereby to stimulate our ecological imaginations.

Originality/Value:

This article showcases innovative more-than-human narrative methods and offers a collaborative alternative to the human-centric conventions of educational research and pedagogy.
Reimagining Modern Education: Contributions from Modern Japanese Philosophy and Practice?
Authors: Komatsu Hikaru , Rappleye Jeremy
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

Amidst ongoing attempts to think beyond Western frameworks for education, there is a tendency to overlook Japan, perhaps because it appears highly modern. This is striking given that some prominent strands of Japanese philosophy have formulated an explicit and exacting challenge to the core onto-epistemic premises of modern Western thought. It is also surprising because Japanese educational practices have resulted in some of the highest achievement outcomes—both cognitive and noncognitive—found anywhere in the world and inculcate a worldview that is distinct.

Design/Approach/Methods:

Herein, we thus attempt to make visible the potential contribution of modern Japanese philosophy by outlining some of the core ideas, then turn to sketch resonances with and responses to other projects outlined in this Special Issue. Our approach is elucidation through relational comparison.

Findings:

Through this process, we suggest that the notion of self-negation as a mode of learning may be helpful in explaining why—at the empirical level—the outlook of Japanese students, and perhaps other East Asian students, diverge markedly from their Western peers. Yet we also find that an attempt, such as ours, to link divergent onto-epistemic thought to alternative empirical hypotheses quickly gives rise to various doubts and discomforts, even among otherwise sympathetic scholars.

Originality/Value:

In directly responding to these doubts, one original contribution of our piece is to show just how difficult it may ultimately be to divest from the symbolic foundations already laid by Western liberalism: Even if divergent thought can be imagined and different cultural narratives explored, dominant readings of empirical “realities” continue to be entrapped in the logic laid by Western liberalism.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy in Critically Ill Patients With Hematologic Malignancy and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series Report
Authors: Arrieta Elizabeth , Sangiovanni Saveria , Garcia-Robledo Juan Esteban , Velásquez Mauricio , Sua Luz Fernanda , Fernández-Trujillo Liliana
Published: March 2020

Pulmonary complications are prevalent among patients with hematologic malignancies, who are at high risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although diffuse alveolar damage is considered the diagnostic hallmark of ARDS, there are plenty of other non–diffuse alveolar damage etiologies that can mimic ARDS and benefit from a specific therapy, therefore correcting the underlying cause. When the etiology remains unclarified despite noninvasive procedures, a surgical lung biopsy (either open via thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery [VATS]) may be warranted. However, the role of surgical lung biopsy has not been extensively studied in patients with hematologic malignancy and ARDS and so doubt exists about the risk-benefit relationship of such procedures. In this article, we report a series of 8 critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies and ARDS, who underwent VATS lung biopsy, in a specialized institution in Cali, Colombia, from 2015 to 2019, with special emphasis on its diagnostic yield, modifications in treatment protocol, and safety. VATS lung biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that appears to be a relatively safe with few postoperative complications and minimal perioperative mortality. It has a high diagnostic yield, resulting in a modification of treatment in a nondepreciable percentage of patients. However, this subset of patients was critically ill, with a high risk of mortality, and the lung biopsy did not appear to affect in this aspect. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to further clarify this topic.
Dorsally Based Closing Wedge Osteotomy of the Calcaneus for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , D’Addona Alessio , Gougoulias Nikolaos , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Gayle D.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Surgical management may be indicated for patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) after failure of nonoperative management, and various surgical techniques have been described.

Hypothesis:

We present the technique and results of modified dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy, performed in a cohort of 28 consecutive patients. We hypothesized that this will be a safe procedure that can improve hindfoot pain and function for most patients who will return to preoperative daily life and sports activities.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A modified dorsal closing wedge osteotomy was performed in 28 patients (mean age, 54.7 years) from November 2015 to December 2016. All patients were followed for at least 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

All osteotomies united at a mean of 5 weeks. The mean anatomic change in calcaneal length was 4 mm (range, 3-6 mm). The overall complication rate was 10.7%. There were 2 superficial wound infections (7.1%) and 1 instance of sural nerve–related paresthesia (3.5%) reported. All patients returned to their presurgical level of activities at a mean of 23 ± 8.0 weeks. Further, 3 of 4 patients who participated in recreational sports activities returned to their preinjury level. Visual analog scale and Victorian Institute of Sports of Australia–Achilles scores significantly improved postoperatively ( P < .001) and continued to improve for 24 months.

Conclusion:

The modified dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy is a safe procedure and significantly improved pain and function in patients with IAT at 2 years after surgery.
Signaling, Verification, and Identification: The Way Corporate Social Advocacy Generates Brand Loyalty on Social Media
Authors: Park Keonyoung , Jiang Hua
Published: March 2020

Scholars have become increasingly interested in the importance of corporate social advocacy to an organization’s bottom line. However, few researchers have investigated the subliminal mechanism with which corporations’ political engagement attracts public attention and creates positive corporate-public relationships. This study examines corporations’ identification with sociopolitical issues as an identity signaling practice. Rooted in the signaling and social identity theories, this study proposes a model that demonstrates the positive effects of corporate social advocacy activities on brand loyalty. This study sheds light on the role of brand community engagement as a signal verification process. Public-company identification leads to brand loyalty, which indicates the public’s acceptance of a corporation’s signal. We tested our proposed model through an online survey with participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk ( N = 960). Theoretical and practical contributions of this study were discussed.
Comparison of leaf transcriptome in response to Rhizoctonia solani infection between resistant and susceptible rice cultivars
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhao Shao-Lu , Liu Kai , Sun Yi-Biao , Ni Zheng-Bin , Zhang Gui-Yun , Tang Hong-Sheng , Zhu Jing-Wen , Wan Bai-Jie , Sun Hong-Qin , Dai Jin-Ying , Sun Ming-Fa , Yan Guo-Hong , Wang Ai-Min , Zhu Guo-Yong
Published: March 2020

Background

Sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a common rice disease worldwide. Currently, rice cultivars with robust resistance to R. solani are still lacking. To provide theoretic basis for molecular breeding of R. solani-resistant rice cultivars, the changes of transcriptome profiles in response to R. solani infection were compared between a moderate resistant cultivar (Yanhui-888, YH) and a susceptible cultivar (Jingang-30, JG).

Results

In the present study, 3085 differentially express genes (DEGs) were detected between the infected leaves and the control in JG, with 2853 DEGs in YH. A total of 4091 unigenes were significantly upregulated in YH than in JG before infection, while 3192 were significantly upregulated after infection. Further analysis revealed that YH and JG showed similar molecular responses to R. solani infection, but the responses were earlier in JG than in YH. Expression levels of trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H), ethylene-insensitive protein 2 (EIN2), transcriptome factor WRKY33 and the KEGG pathway plant-pathogen interaction were significantly affected by R. solani infection. More importantly, these components were all over-represented in YH cultivar than in JG cultivar before and/or after infection.

Conclusions

These genes possibly contribute to the higher resistance of YH to R. solani than JG and were potential target genes to molecularly breed R. solani-resistant rice cultivar.
Sexual-biased gene expression of olfactory-related genes in the antennae of Conogethes pinicolalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Jing Dapeng , Zhang Tiantao , Bai Shuxiong , He Kanglai , Prabu Sivaprasath , Luan Junbo , Wang Zhenying
Published: March 2020

Background

Conogethes pinicolalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is similar toConogethes punctiferalis(yellow peach moth) and its host plant is gymnosperms, especially for masson pine. So far, less literature was reported on this pest. In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the antennal transcriptomes of male and femaleC. pinicolalisfor the first time.

Results

Totally, 26 odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, 19 chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 55 odorant receptor (OR) genes and 20 ionotropic receptor (IR) genes were identified from theC. pinicolalisantennae transcriptome and amino sequences were annotated against homologs ofC. punctiferalis. The neighbor-joining tree indicated that the amino acid sequence of olfactory related genes is highly homologous withC. punctiferalis. Furthermore, the reference genes were selected, and we recommended the phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) or ribosomal protein 49 gene (RP49) to verify the target gene expression during larval development stages and RP49 or ribosomal protein L13 gene (RPL13) for adult tissues.

Conclusions

Our study provides a starting point on the molecular level characterization betweenC. pinicolalisandC. punctiferalis, which might be supportive for pest management studies in future.
Inflammatory pseudotumor associated with HSV infection of rectal vascular endothelium in a patient with HIV: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bai Shi , Maykel Justin A. , Yang Michelle X.
Published: March 2020

Background

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) typically infects oral or anogenital squamous epithelium and causes blisters and ulcerations. Here we reported an unusual case of HSV induced exuberant rectal inflammatory pseudotumor with vascular endothelial involvement.

Case presentations

A 52-year old man with HIV presented with abdominal pain, rectal drainage and constipation. Proctoscopy and CT scans revealed an 8 × 5 × 4 cm circumferential, mid-lower rectal mass that was concerning for malignancy. PET-CT showed mild to moderate FDG uptake of the rectal mass. Repeated biopsies showed exuberant lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with rich eosinophils and necrosis in the submucosa and scattered single or multi-nucleated viral inclusions in vascular endothelial cells that were positive for HSV by immunostains. There was no evidence of malignancy on histology or by immunostains. The patient started valacyclovir for three weeks and symptoms resolved after the antiviral therapy. Follow-up CT and sigmoidoscopy with biopsy revealed no rectal mass or drainable collection.

Conclusions

HSV may present as proctitis with exuberant inflammatory response and mass-like lesion, and damages vascular endothelial cells in patients with HIV. The HSV-associated mass-like lesion can be effectively treated by 3-week valacyclovir.
Distribution of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species isolated in different clinical samples and their in vitro antifungal suscetibity profile in Ethiopia
Authors: Seyoum Elias , Bitew Adane , Mihret Amete
Published: March 2020

Background

The spectrum of yeasts and their antifungal susceptibility profile are poorly known and treatment of fungal disease has remained empirical. The aim of this study is to determine the spectrum and antifungal susceptibility profile of yeasts particularly of Candida species.

Methods

A descriptive study on the composition of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility profile were conducted from January 2018 to September 2018. Clinical samples collected from different sites were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated for an appropriate time. Identification of yeast isolates and their antifungal susceptibility profile were determined by the VITEK 2 compact system. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage of Candida species were calculated using SPSS version 20.

Results

Of 209 yeasts recovered, 104(49.8%), 90 (43.1%), 15(7.2%) were C. albicans, non albicans Candida species, and other yeasts, respectively. Among non albicans Candida species, Candida krusei was the commonest isolate. Of other yeast groups, 66.7% was represented by Cryptococcus laurentii. Regardless of Candida species identified, 85.6, 3.9, and 10.5% of the isolates were susceptible, intermediate, and resistant to fluconazole, respectively. C krusei was 100% resistant to the drug. Voriconazole demonstrated the greatest antifungal activity against Candida isolates in which 99.4% of Candida isolates were susceptible. The susceptibility and the resistance rate of Candida isolate to both caspofungin and micafungin were the same being 96 and 4% respectively. However, micafungin was more potent than caspofungin. The susceptibility, resistant, and intermediate rates of yeasts against flucytosine were, 86.2, 6.6, and 7.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated the distribution of Candida species in different clinical specimens where the isolation rate of non-albicans Candida species was comparable to Candida albicans. The high resistance rate of C. krusei to fluconazole and flucytosine may demonstrate that the treatment of candidiasis empirically is questionable.