bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learner Behavior Analysis on an Online Learning Platform
Authors: El Haddioui Ismail , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces the study of the learners' behavior on e-learning platform to create profiles that regroup learners according to their behavior on the platform. This system can be used by the learner-agent of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). Thus, this system will allow us to better understand the learner in a virtual learning environment to improve the learning situation by placing the learner at the center of the learning process.
The Horse Before the Cart! The English Language Learners Experience of Using E-learning System
Authors: Alhabahba Mohammad Madallh , Abu Ziden Dr. Azidah , Albdour Dr. Ali Abbaas , Alsayyed Bashar Taha
Published: June 2012

This study examined the intention to use E-learning among EFL learners. A total of 147 English language learners responded to the survey, these students have access to E-learning system. The chief purpose of this paper aims to understand the factors that affect the studentsâ?? intention to use E-learning in Malaysian context. The findings of the study revealed that that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were able to be significant determinants of intention to use. Based on factor analysis, cognitive attitude and affective attitude were added to the modified framework as potential mediating factors. Moreover, cognitive attitude is fully mediating the relationship between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use. Meanwhile, the study results indicated that the cognitive attitude is a significant determinant of intention to use. The study helps to understand the significant factors to explain, predicate and measure the acceptance of E-learning as a new tool of students learning process.
Development of an Optimization Framework for Parameter Identification and Shape Optimization Problems in Engineering
Authors: Andrade-Campos A.
Published: June 2012

The use of optimization methods in engineering is increasing. Process and product optimization, inverse problems, shape optimization, and topology optimization are frequent problems both in industry and science communities. In this paper, an optimization framework for engineering inverse problems such as the parameter identification and the shape optimization problems is presented. It inherits the large experience gain in such problems by the SiDoLo code and adds the latest developments in direct search optimization algorithms. User subroutines in Sdl allow the program to be customized for particular applications. Several applications in parameter identification and shape optimization topics using Sdl Lab are presented. The use of commercial and non-commercial (in-house) Finite Element Method codes to evaluate the objective function can be achieved using the interfaces pre-developed in Sdl Lab. The shape optimization problem of the determination of the initial geometry of a blank on a deep drawing square cup problem is analysed and discussed. The main goal of this problem is to determine the optimum shape of the initial blank in order to save latter trimming operations and costs.
An Investigation into the Environmental Impact of Product Recovery Methods to Support Sustainable Manufacturing within Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Appleby Michaela R. , Lambert Chris G. , Rennie Allan E. W. , Buckley Adam B.
Published: June 2012

The effects of climate change and government legislation has changed the way in which manufacturers can dispose of their waste, encouraging SMEs to source alternative disposal methods such as those indicated in the waste hierarchy. It is economically and environmentally beneficial to use product recovery methods to divert waste from landfill. The environmental impact of two product recovery methods, remanufacturing and repairing, has been compared via a carbon footprint calculation for a UK-based SME. The calculation has identified that repairing has a lower carbon footprint than remanufacturing, however this only extends the original life-cycle of the product, whereas remanufacturing provides a new life-cycle and warranty, and therefore seen as the most preferable method of product recovery to support sustainable manufacturing.
Laser Sub-Micron Patterning of Rough Surfaces by Micro-Particle Lens Arrays
Authors: Khan Ashfaq , Wang Zengbo , Sheikh Mohammad A , Li Lin
Published: June 2012

Laser surface patterning by Contact Particles Lens Arrays (CPLA) has been widely utilized for patterning of smooth surfaces but there is no technique developed by which CPLA can be deposited on a rough surface. For deposition of CPLA, conventional techniques require the surface to be flat, smooth and hydrophilic. In this study, a new method for the deposition of CPLA on a rough surface is proposed and utilized for patterning. In this method, a hexagonal closed pack monolayer of SiO2 spheres was first formed by self-assembly on a flat glass surface. The formed monolayer of particles was picked up by a flexible sticky surface and then placed on the rough surface to be patterned. A Nd:YVO4 laser was used to irradiate the substrate with the laser passing through the sticky plastic and the particles. Experimental investigations have been carried out to determine the properties of the patterns.
3D Finite Element Modeling of High Speed Machining
Authors: Markopoulos A.P. , Kantzavelos K. , Galanis N.I. , Manolakos D.E.
Published: June 2012

This paper presents simulation of High Speed Machining of steel with coated carbide tools. More specifically, Third Wave Systems AdvantEdge commercial Finite Element Method code is employed in order to present turning models, under various machining conditions. As a novelty, the proposed models for High Speed Machining of steel are three-dimensional and are able to provide predictions on cutting forces, tool and workpiece temperatures, chip formation, and chip morphology. Model validation is achieved through experimental work carried out under the same conditions as the ones used in modeling. For the experimental work, the principles for design of experiment were used in order to minimize the required amount of experiments and obtain useful results at the same time. Furthermore, a Taguchi analysis is carried out based on the results. The analysis indicates that there is a good agreement between experiment and modeling, and the proposed models can be further employed for the prediction of a range of machining parameters, under similar conditions.
Material Selection Using a Novel Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method
Authors: Rao R. V. , Patel B. K.
Published: June 2012

Selection of a most appropriate material is a very important task in design process of every product. There is a need for simple, systematic, and logical methods or mathematical tools to guide decision makers in considering a number of selection attributes and their interrelations and in making right decisions. This paper proposes a novel multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method for solving the material selection problem. The method considers the objective weights of importance of the attributes as well as the subjective preferences of the decision maker to decide the integrated weights of importance of the attributes. Furthermore, the method uses fuzzy logic to convert the qualitative attributes into the quantitative attributes. Two examples are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed method.
Preparation of Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles and their Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Al-Marzouki F. M. , Al-Hartomy O. A. , Shah M. A.
Published: June 2012

Single crystalline nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO) having almost uniform particle size of ~40±10nm have been synthesized by a facile and versatile route. The technique employed is free from toxic solvents, organics, and amines, and is based on a simple reaction of copper powder and de-ionized water (DI) at very low temperatures of 180oC. The morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline structure of the nanoparticles were carefully investigated by the various characterization techniques. Besides simplicity, the advantages of producing nanoparticles by this method are that it is easeful, flexible, fast, cost effective, and pollution free. The synthesized nanoparticles are under investigations for various applications including their antibacterial activity.
Cultural Implications of E-Learning Access (and Divides)
Authors: Cheong Pauline Hope , Martin Judith N.
Published: June 2012

This chapter presents a case study of developing and teaching an intercultural communication (IC) course online, within the context of a department in a large research University in the U.S. In so doing, we discuss a broadened and recursive model of cultural access and divides in E-learning. Expanding on Van Dijk’s (2005) framework, the authors present several ways in which their IC course attempts to address multiple pathways of E-learning access, including motivational, material, skills and usage access. They describe both the successes and challenges of meeting the goals of e-learning access with specific examples of the content, activities, assignments, pedagogical strategies, and student assessment in this online course. Finally, they identify challenges of this e-learning at the micro and macro level context—in the course, university writ large and in the communication discipline.
Developing a Grassroots Cross-Cultural Partnership to Enhance Student Experiences
Authors: Pentina Iryna , Guilloux Veronique
Published: June 2012

Increased globalization of the world economy makes international aspects of marketing an important priority. A growing number of business colleges provide cross-cultural experiences in marketing disciplines that help students better understand other cultures while applying their academic preparation to real-life settings. Today’s students represent the first generation that has been born into the digital age, and freely use multiple technologies in preparing for classes, sharing notes, shopping, rating professors, and accomplishing multiple everyday tasks. This case discusses a class project on developing integrated marketing communications conducted by American and French cross-cultural student groups to promote environmentally-sustainable products in international markets. Modern social networking technologies were widely used both as tools for accomplishing the project, as means for presenting and displaying the results and as a medium for international marketing communications.
Culturally Significant Signs, Symbols, and Philosophical Belief Systems within E-Learning Environments
Authors: Crawford Caroline M. , Cook Ruth Gannon
Published: June 2012

The contextual backdrop of the problem and goal of the study are based within the framework that the researchers wanted to be sure that the courses were unique in their appropriateness to their respective cultures; but they also wanted to see if the course adaptations provided cultural values and perspectives that were fairly consistent and appropriate across cultures and nations. The methodology is qualitative in nature, specifically focused upon development design research and narrative inquiry. The findings suggest that there were several levels of concern: learner concerns; instructional design or teaching concerns; management and organizational concerns; and, technology concerns. This study has addressed the question “what lessons could be learned from semiotic and philosophical instructional imperatives inclusion within e-learning environments?” As such, the interpretation of the findings of the study shed light on the importance of simple mediation tools, such as signs, symbols, and stories. The implications of the findings indicate that more research could shed light on how to help students feel comfortable enough to follow through and complete their e-learning courses. In viewing best practices for e-learning, students’ existent knowledge can be bridged with what they need to know by using a variety of the semiotic tools discussed in this study.
Collaborative Reflection in Globally Distributed Inter-Cultural Course Teams
Authors: Bowskill Nicholas , McConnell David
Published: June 2012

This chapter looks at processes for conducting collaborative reflection in action and collaborative reflection on action. The authors examine this in the context of globally distributed inter-cultural course teams. From a review of the literature, they identify the significance of openness, structure and dialogue as factors that support collaborative reflection. The authors consider these factors in our own experience of global online teaching. They explore and focus upon one technique used in our collaborative inter-cultural reflective practice. This technique involves having one tutor maintain and share an online journal with the other tutors in the course team. This process combined reflective writing and discussion in action. The authors suggest that having one tutor author and share a learning journal may provide facilitation and structure that supports reflective dialogue in inter-cultural globally distributed teams. They consider the influence of cultural pedagogy on inter-cultural reflection. The authors’ technique is culturally sensitive in that it respects the right of others to read the journal and to comment only if they wish. Finally, the authors close with a look at instrumentalist versus developmental collaborative reflective practice.
International Collaboration in Distance Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adekanmbi Gbolagade , Boitshwarelo Bopelo
Published: June 2012

This chapter examines international collaboration in distance education in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on efforts aimed at utilizing technology. It identifies a number of significant collaborative endeavors. The collaborative efforts observed have a similar goal of pooling together ICT resources and expertise towards improving educational outcomes. The prevalence of teacher education and training across the initiatives, in the context of the Millennium Development Goals, is noted. Institutions outside Africa are actively involved in the funding and provision of expertise. Also, the AVU consortium model seems to be a viable approach to collaboration, with notable results seen. With the challenges facing technology-focused collaboration, such as a lack of enabling policies and the digital divide, the chapter suggests that African countries and institutions should pursue a culture of change and be more flexible. More formal training in distance education, utilizing Africans in the Diaspora and promoting dialogue across international spectrums are also recommended.
e-Bridge to Mobility
Authors: Aramendia-Muneta Maria Elena , Galarza-Lanz Juan Ramón , Mañas-Larraz Marta
Published: June 2012

Its main goal is teaching English, German, and Spanish, and gaining knowledge about the country that the project participant intends to visit. The products and information regarding country-specific characteristics of UK, Germany, and Spain are complementary to the course. e-Bridge supports adjustment to the requirements of the European job market, and its users have the opportunity to learn a foreign language with the aid of innovative communication tools, such as the Internet and mobile phones.
The Development and Assessment of e-Learning Content to Enhance Information Literacy of Parents and Children in Japan
Authors: Saito Nagayuki , Tanaka Ema , Yatsuzuka Eri
Published: June 2012

Seeking a safer Internet environment for minors, the Japanese government enacted a new law in 2008 to promote both protective measures and empowerment activities. “Mobami,” one of the e-learning programs developed under the act, is an outcome of a public-private partnership. The program seeks to enhance the mobile literacy and information morals of children and parents. Mobami is a free online interactive program composed of three parts: self-learning materials and quizzes for children, a self-check program for assessing parents’ information literacy, and a rulemaking support tool for children and parents. The access data analysis shows that using events to promote Mobami had a positive effect on expanding its usage. The rulemaking data analysis indicates that Mobami is used as a supportive tool for setting basic rules. The linkage and feedback between formal and non-formal learning programs is necessary for the realization of a safer Internet environment.
How Can the Media Competence of Students in University Learning Settings be Developed and Fostered?
Authors: Maschwitz Annika , Vogt Sebastian , Hanft Anke , Zawacki-Richter Olaf
Published: June 2012

Based on the “learning by designing” approach, this chapter illustrates how media competence can be developed, what didactic design is necessary, and what features this design possesses for teaching media competence in university. The “Natural History Museum Berlin project” is used as an example of this. In this project, during the 2009 summer term, students of the Carl von Ossietzky Universität in cooperation with the Natural History Museum Berlin developed media products (magazine articles, audio and video podcasts) in which they explored and reflected on the topic of “knowledge transfer” in terms of constructivism in an authentic context. The closeness to research activities at the university, and especially at the Department of Continuing Education and Education Management, is one of the essential aspects.
E-Learning and Web 2.0 Case Study
Authors: York Ann M. , Nordengren F. R.
Published: June 2012

The authors, two faculty members with experience in online and blended learning at a Midwestern United States (US) medical school graduate leadership program, recognized the need for a critical thinking, literature-based course to explore the role of gender in health care leadership models. Acknowledging that such seminars are often mixed with cultural, social, and organizational bias, the faculty members set out to create and implement a hybrid course that blended formal, non-formal, and informal learning in a collaborative group seminar using Web 2.0 tools along with traditional teaching methodology. The Community of Inquiry model formed the pedagogical foundation of the course. This chapter will describe the planning, decisions, implementation, and outcomes of the course, including technical and logistical issues. Included are discussions of the role of gender in both health care leadership and online learning to demonstrate the strengths, opportunities, and limitations of the course.
Twitter Chat as an Informal Learning Tool
Authors: Guidry Kevin R. , Pasquini Laura
Published: June 2012

This case study focuses on Twitter as an informal learning tool. Specifically, the authors examine user-created Twitter chats using one specific chat, #sachat, as a case study. #sachat is a weekly one-hour chat held on Twitter and populated by higher education professionals in the field of student affairs (e.g. college admissions, advising, housing, new student orientation). The authors contrast this chat with other ways in which student affairs and higher education professionals are using Twitter. Using methods of computer-mediated discourse analysis, they then discover and elicit defining characteristics of #sachat. Finally, the authors offer thoughts on why this chat seems to be successful as an informal learning resource, how it compares to other uses of Twitter by professionals, and implications for other communities interested in using Twitter or similar tools to create informal learning.
The Efficacy of Aerial Search During the Battle of Midway
Authors: Dean Denis J.
Published: June 2012

The Battle of Midway (June 4 – 6, 1942) is considered one of the pivotal naval encounters of the Second World War. The battle has been examined in detail within both popular and scholarly literature, and a common opinion found in virtually all of these examinations is that Japanese search efforts on the morning of June 4, which were intended to determine if any U.S. naval forces were present, were inadequate. Japanese search procedures have been criticized on many separate grounds, but one fault implicit in many of these criticisms is that Japanese search plans were based upon the assumption that a searching aircraft that came within a predefined range of an enemy surface ship would inevitably sight that vessel. Intuitively, a 100% detection rate seems highly unlikely. It seems more probable that a myriad of factors influence detection probability, including characteristics of cloud cover, number and sizes of surface ships involved, relative courses, and speeds of the search aircraft and surface ships. This study employed a Monte Carlo approach built around modified GIS viewshed analyses techniques to investigate the influence of these and other factors had upon detection probability.
Association of American Geographers Applied Geography Specialty Group 2009/2010
Authors: Cameron Nairne
Published: June 2012

This article reviews the activities of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) Applied Geography Specialty Group over 2009/2010. The Applied Geography Specialty Group provides support to members in applied geography practice, education, and research. We also promote the discipline, facilitate dialogue amongst our members, and recognize remarkable individual applied geography contributions through our award programs. Highlights from the year include our student paper competition, newly launched class exercise competition, member communications including our electronic listserve and newsletters, linkages and collaboration with the Applied Geography Conference, AAG Annual Meeting paper and panel sessions, and annual business meeting with the election of our new board officers.
Communities, Cartography and GIS
Authors: Hawthorne Timothy L.
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses an introductory cartography and GIS service learning course. The service learning experience, highlighted by a final mapping project and community presentation, resulted in 3,000 student-designed maps being distributed to community residents, a website of downloadable student maps, multiple student speaking engagements, and a sustained community-university collaboration. The course demonstrates the importance of applied geography in local communities and highlights the benefits of community-university partnerships for addressing social change. Such an applied geography experience offers an important twist on the conventional, introductory cartography course where students engage in pre-packaged lectures and labs, and are then asked to complete a final mapping project. Unlike the conventional approach, this service learning class experience allows students to use their creativity to demonstrate knowledge learned in the course and allows students to apply and present their geographic knowledge in a real-world setting to community members.
A Comparative Case Study of Indonesian and UK Organisational Culture Differences in IS Project Management
Authors: McDonald Andrew , Helmer Sven
Published: June 2012

Information Systems (IS) Project Management (PM) is fundamental to the modern, constantly changing and upgrading business world and is impacted by culture on many levels. This research shows the extent to which organisational culture in international IS projects is impacted by culture found on a national level. Current data contributing to IS PM knowledge is provided by investigating two Information Technology (IT) firms in the telecommunications sector based in Indonesia and the United Kingdom undergoing system upgrade projects using a survey and interviews. Differing trends between these organisational cultures are identified (and a third international control group) in regard to hierarchical structures and managing conflict employing a version of Hofstede’s cultural survey as a basis.
Public Representation of Ubiquitous ICT Applications in the Outpatient Health Sector
Authors: Moser Stephanie , Bruppacher Susanne Elisabeth , de Simoni Frederic
Published: June 2012

ICT advances will bring a new generation of ubiquitous applications, opening up new possibilities for the health sector. However, the social impacts of this trend have largely remained unexplored. This study investigates the public representation of future ICT applications in the outpatient health sector in terms of their social acceptance. Mental models of ICT applications were elicited from inhabitants of Berlin, Germany, by means of qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that the interviewees felt ambivalent about anticipated changes; only if ICT use were to be voluntary and restricted to single applications and trustworthy institutions did they expect individual benefits. Concerns about data transmission to unauthorized third parties and widespread technological dissemination forcing compulsory participation led people to feel averse to such technology. Implications for potential implementation of future ICT applications in the outpatient health sector are discussed.
Factors Enhancing Employed Job Seekers Intentions to Use Social Networking Sites as a Job Search Tool
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd , Ramayah T. , Ming Michelle Kow Pei , Suki Norbayah Mohd
Published: June 2012

This paper explores the factors of enhancing employed job seekers intention to use social networking sites as a job search tool. 190 survey questionnaires were distributed to employed job seekers who have used social networking sites via the snowball sampling approach. The collected data were analysed using both linear and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment are positively and significantly related to the behavioural intention to use social networking sites as a job search tool, whereas perceived ease of use is not positively and significantly related. The study implies that the developers of social networking sites need to provide additional useful functionalities or tools in the social networking sites to help users of social networking sites with their job search. The paper provides an insight for employed jobseekers to find employment by using social networking sites as a job search tool.
IT Managers’ Narratives on Subordinates’ Motivation at Work
Authors: Wallgren Lars Göran , Leijon Svante , Andersson Kerstin Malm
Published: June 2012

Little is known about managers’ perception of their subordinates’ motivation, especially how this perception influences managerial behavior. This study, conducted in the growing IT consultancy sector, focuses on how IT consultancy first-line managers construct their subordinates’ motivation. Since work motivation is a complex phenomenon, there is variation in how managers reduce this complexity. The empirical data was collected in semi-structured interviews with six team leaders (three female, three male) and are presented as narratives. In their narratives, the female team leaders present a more transformative view of their subordinates while the male managers present a more transactional view. The authors interpret this variation in the narrations as evidence that the issue of subordinate motivation is not seen as strategically important. This interpretation cast doubts on certain assumptions in organizational psychology theory.
Professional Development in a Virtual World
Authors: Speaker Richard B. , Levitt Greg , Grubaugh Steven
Published: June 2012

The virtual world Second Life (SL) can be part of professional development deployment and mentoring using online learning. This chapter provides a portrait of professional development and teaching in SL. While SL requires a more extensive learning curve than might be expected, the virtual campus becomes a functioning instructional site for all disciplines, supplementing personal and text-based asynchronous learning in various other platforms with synchronous voice and text, enhancing the interactions in virtual professional development settings. In addition to regular face-to-face professional development meetings, the virtual campus allows faculty and staff to meet for professional development, mentoring, discussion groups, committees, and virtual academic conferences. Key ideas for operating educational sites in SL include training prospective faculty, staff, and instructors, mentoring, dealing with appropriate presentations of self as avatar, tracking activities and behaviors in SL, choosing modes of communication, and moving from lecture to discussion to immersive learning in media rich constructed spaces.
Professional Development for Online Educators
Authors: Velez-Solic Angela , Banas Jennifer R.
Published: June 2012

A professional development program for online faculty members can be difficult to create, implement, and sustain. Its components will vary depending on the location of the online faculty, the institutional budget, and who is administering the program. A professional development program is essential if institutions wish to keep instructors up-to-date on technological advances and pedagogical shifts as online classrooms change. Today’s online faculty members are inundated with “information overload” due to the internet and because information is increasing exponentially, which results in pressure to “keep up” (Sherer, Shea, & Kristensen, 2003). Because of this pressure and the proliferation of learning tools, institutions need to help faculty filter and use the information available to them. This chapter will focus on essential components of professional development programs, issues and potential solutions, examples from successful programs, and future trends in online professional development.
Teaching in the Digital Age
Authors: Thornton Kate , Service Brenda , Starkey Louise
Published: June 2012

The shift to teaching online is not straightforward, and faculty new to online teaching needed to be adequately prepared and supported to ensure quality courses and successful student learning outcomes. This chapter outlines both the theoretical and practical influences that informed the teaching of a successful online course. These elements are reflected on and analysed in order to provide recommendations for future professional learning programmes. These recommendations include encouraging faculty members to reflect on their beliefs and values, helping motivate them to make the necessary changes to their teaching practice, ensuring that they are informed about digital age learning theory, and providing ongoing support for both the pedagogical and practical aspects of online teaching.
On Attentional Control and the Aging Driver
Authors: Watson Jason M. , Lambert Ann E. , Cooper Joel M. , Boyle Istenya V. , Strayer David L.
Published: June 2012

Theories of cognitive aging suggest diminished frontal lobe function and reduced attentional control could contribute to age-related changes in driving a motor vehicle. To address this possibility, the authors investigated the interrelationship among age, attentional control, and driving performance. Using a high-fidelity simulator, they measured individual differences in participants’ abilities to maintain a prescribed following distance behind a lead vehicle, as well as their reaction time to press a brake pedal when this lead vehicle braked. Consistent with the literature on age-related changes in driving, following distance elongated with increased age, and brake reaction time slowed. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed the increase in following distance and the slowing in brake reaction time both co-varied with age deficits in attentional control. These results provide a novel demonstration of the inherent value of cognitive theory when applied to naturalistic settings, sharpening our understanding of the relevance of age-related deficits in attentional control for complex, real-world tasks like driving.
The Use of Gesturing to Facilitate Older Adults’ Learning from Computer-Based Dynamic Visualizations
Authors: Ouwehand Kim , van Gog Tamara , Paas Fred
Published: June 2012

The present chapter describes the role of gestures in instructional design from a cognitive load theory perspective, addressing in particular how this might benefit aging adults. Healthy older adults have to cope with several cognitive changes related to their working memory, such as a decline in: 1) the ability to deal with interference, 2) cognitive speed in response to unimodal stimuli (e.g. visual information), and 3) the ability to associate and integrate information elements. Cognitive load theory, with its focus on adapting learning formats to the limitations of working memory, provides a promising framework to address learning in older adults. Research inspired by cognitive load theory has shown that attentional cueing can reduce interference during learning, presenting instructions in a multimodal format can make more efficient use of WM stores (both auditory and visual), and the manner of presentation of information can aid integrative learning. Interestingly, studies using gestures in instruction show that gestures accompanying verbal information improve learning in similar ways. However, not much research has been done in applying the instructional guidelines of cognitive load theory and the use of gestures to older adults’ learning. In the present chapter, the authors will discuss possibilities of gestures to improve multimedia learning in older adults using some important guidelines proposed by cognitive load theory.
Design for Aging
Authors: O’Brien Marita A. , Rogers Wendy A.
Published: June 2012

Modern technology incorporates a wide range of digital technologies, including those created specifically for everyday tasks typically operated in stand-alone mode. Yet, innovations in mobile technologies and the Internet influence design and adoption of these everyday technologies by introducing new interaction techniques and by providing access to information and people that facilitate effective use. This chapter describes best practices and challenges for enabling older adults to adopt everyday technologies transformed by technology innovations. First, the authors define everyday technologies and known factors influencing successful use including environmental support and context of use. Then, they discuss issues and challenges of design for everyday technologies and summarize the factors that influence everyday technology use in a conceptual diagram. The authors also present recommendations for specific constituents that may improve technology adoption by older adults. Lastly, they discuss future opportunities for enhancing everyday technology use with good design, useful support, and appropriate innovations.
Actual use of Computers and the Internet by Older Adults
Authors: Slegers Karin , van Boxtel Martin P.
Published: June 2012

Improving autonomy and quality of life for older adults has become an increasingly important aim of gerontological research. Computer and Internet applications hold great promise to maintain autonomy and increase quality of life. This chapter focuses on the impact of computer and Internet use on several aspects of quality of life and autonomy of older adults. It is based on an intervention program that included concise computer training and the use of a computer and the Internet for twelve months. The results of this randomized, controlled study showed no effects, neither positive nor negative, of computer and Internet use on cognitive functioning, autonomy, well-being and social network, the use of everyday technological devices, and subjective physical functioning. Overall, it was concluded that computer and Internet usage by healthy older adults is a safe activity, albeit with no robust advantage for cognitive capacity in healthy older adults.
The Internet and Older Adults
Authors: Encuentra Eulàlia Hernández , Fernández Modesta Pousada , Gómez-Zúñiga Beni
Published: June 2012

This chapter examines older adults’ adoption and experience of using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in particular the Internet. The main arguments are based on the experiences of a group of older people, all already users of ICT, in a collaborative, relaxed, and self-managing environment—the virtual campus of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (an online university). Older adults adopt ICT with a personal project, sometimes as a tool to for achievement; therefore, ICT use has to be done on their own initiative, with a positive attitude, and under their control. Based on the Selective Optimization and Compensation (SOC) theory of adaptation processes, the authors believe that introducing ICT through selection and optimization strategies can be a successful means of assuring effective adoption of these technologies.
E-Health for Older Adults
Authors: O’Hanlon Shane , Bourke Alan , Power Valerie
Published: June 2012

e-Health has become a major focus for research in healthcare, with significant funding and political support at an international level. Older people stand to benefit more than others, as e-Health aims to facilitate provision of care at a distance and promote independent living for as long as possible. However, barriers remain including an immature evidence-base; questions about risk and safety; and variable rates of uptake in this population. This chapter explores these issues and reviews the literature on e-Health for older adults. Successful clinical trials are identified and the e-CAALYX project is described in detail as a case study. E-Health has presents many exciting opportunities but needs further development and guidance.
A Paradigm of Constructing Industrial Symbiosis and Coupling in China’s County-Region Economic Sustainable Development
Authors: Li Guangming
Published: June 2012

This chapter introduces the sustainable development of county-region economy under the constraint of natural resources and environment in China when parts of classic industries along the south-eastern coast are shifting to the poorer mountain areas and middle-western areas. It argues that the county regional economic development at the stage should focus on the agricultural growing and breeding their processing sectors, natural resource exploitation and its processing, manufacturing, tourism, and ecological industrial (shift) park, according to the resource endowment. The local government should guide the scientific planning of county-region industries’ layout, structure, symbiosis, and coupling relationships. By means of environmental cost internalization, region industries’ symbiosis and coupling size, roles of social network, cultivation of innovative culture, guidance of government subsidy, pressure from public monitoring, the market mechanism, and economic incentives will play roles in resource allocation. In practice, the local government or industrial authority can design the “lack in” value chain parts and package them into some feasible and profitable projects open to the market investors, encourage firms to participate regional industrial symbiosis and coupling, and construct a complete industrial chain or network, in order to realize the integration of closed-circuit industry, higher value-added ecological agriculture, tourism and related service sectors, creative economic industrial park, urbanization, and ecological environment. This will avoid the heavy-damage from traditional industrialization and urbanization on county-regional ecological environment, and then realize the harmony development of county-regional recycle economy, society, and environment.
Green Computing to Green Business
Authors: Jena R K
Published: June 2012

In recent years, environmental and energy conservation issues have taken the central theme in the global business arena. The reality of rising energy cost and their impact on international affairs coupled with the different kinds of environmental issues has shifted the social and economic consciousness of the business community. “Greening” the computing equipment is a low-risk way of doing business. It not only helps the environment but also reduce costs. It is also one of the largest growing trends in business today. Hence, the business community is now in search of an eco-friendly business model. This chapter highlights the concept of green computing, green business, and their needs in the current global scenario.
EcoRide
Authors: Filipowski Tomasz , Bródka Piotr , Kazienko Przemyslaw
Published: June 2012

In this chapter, the authors present a modular mobile system utilizing social and localization information in the purpose of city traffic optimization on a single person scale. The system operates based on human behaviour and presents the recommendations to reduce car traffic without overloading public transport. Since the system is meant to work with single humans, the success will depend on a person’s willingness to use the recommendations. Therefore, the solution needs to be user friendly, simple to use, and mobile. That is why it is based on two popular and easy to use technologies – social websites and mobile phones.
Web-Based Digital Habitat Ecosystems for Sustainable Built Environments
Authors: Pillai Kamatchi , Ozansoy Cagil
Published: June 2012

This chapter introduces the Digital Ecosystem (DE) concept and its application in the home environments. DEs are clusters of distributed and diverse digital components, which interact with each other in a self-organising, scalable, and sustainable manner. This could be viewed similar to the interaction of living organisms in a biological ecosystem. The DE concept has traditionally found widespread use in the business environments. However, the concept can well be applied to the home environment, giving rise to the concept of Digital Habitat Ecosystem (DHE). Thus a DHE refers to a cluster of devices for measurement, control, and sensing of environment parameter with the help of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The primary incentive behind this chapter is to show how the DHE concept can be used for maximising the utilisation of vital resources, such as water and electricity, in the home environment and leading to a more sustainable living. Furthermore, the work outlined in this chapter proposes Digital Habitat Ecosystem Architecture (DHEA), which integrates the various digital elements of a home network in a holistic manner. However, there are some current digital system architectures such as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) available these days; this chapter discusses the shortcomings of the SOA architecture and how the proposed DHEA will rectify the same. In addition, this chapter gives an overview of the static web based model of the home management system, how dynamic DHE varies from those existing models.
An Investigation into the Factors which Influence the Adoption of Green IT
Authors: Lang Michael , Molloy Lisa
Published: June 2012

This chapter reports on a case study which investigated the adoption and implementation of Green IT within an Irish public sector organisation, namely Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh (OÉG). The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was employed as a theoretical lens for gathering and analysing data (Venkatesh et al, 2003), looking at how such factors as facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and other moderating variables affect the intention to use Green IT, which for the purposes of this study is defined as “the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources” (Harris, 2008). The study found that the most significant facilitating condition as regards employees’ willingness to adopt Green IT within OÉG was awareness of the expected benefits. Social influence was also found to be a major factor, and in this regard, the chapter concludes with a number of recommendations.
Data Center Waste Management
Authors: Gossin Peter C. , LaBrie Ryan C.
Published: June 2012

As the world’s content becomes further digitized and consumers, corporations, and governments turn to cloud computing platforms – specifically the data center – for their storage and application needs, managing data center waste becomes increasingly important. Less than near full utilization rates for the computing resources, rising energy costs, and e-waste management are just a few of the reasons why a focused attention on practicing sustainable management in the data center is essential. This research identifies several key foci of waste within the management of data centers, including: power, emissions, computing resource lifespan, facilities, and packaging methods. Furthermore this research identifies four roadblocks, or challenges, facing sustainability improvements within the data center. These challenges include: IT prioritization pressures, (lack of) governmental regulation, consumption-oriented cultures, and lagging academic support and innovation. By first recognizing these forms of waste and then coming up with innovative ways to address the technological, regulatory, and managerial challenges faced in data centers across the globe, data center management can move from a position of lagging to a position of leadership in the sustainability movement.
Features for Suitable Problems
Authors: Valtanen Juri , Berki Eleni , Georgiadou Elli , Hatzipanagos Stylianos , Ross Margaret , Stamelos Ioannis G. , Staples Geoff
Published: June 2012

One cannot be a problem solver without deep understanding of what constitutes a problem. Failing to recognise and define problems presents obstacles in constructing and applying knowledge in problem solving. This has been the motivation for the authors to re-examine in the context of IT (Information Technology) the concept, nature and types of a problem. The most and least important features of a problem are scrutinized, considering the problem-based learning experts’ opinions and a collection of IT students’ viewpoints. The authors (i) identify and critically comment on the features of a problem that are still needed in problem-based learning, and (ii) provide insights and guidelines on the position and use of problems for IT curriculum designers and IT professionals in problem-focused higher education.
Madurella mycetomatis infection following allogenic stem cell transplantation for aplastic anemia
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Mukherjee Anjan , Singh Avinash Kumar , Seth Tuika , Kumar Suman , Mishra Pravas , Xess Immaculata , Gupta Somesh , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Pati Haraprasad
Published: June 2012

Madurella mycetomatis is the most common fungal agent causing eumycetoma. The commonest clinical presentation of the infection is the appearance of multiple sinuses with discharge of grains, which are the colonies of the fungus. It is an emerging fungal infection among transplant recipients and has not been reported following stem cell transplantation. We report here a case of aplastic anemia who developed madura foot, caused by Madurella mycetomatis, following allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The diagnosis was made by the examination of discharged black grains under microscope which reavaled presence of septate hyphae and the culture of the discharged granules grew Madurella mycetomatis. The patient was treated with voriconazole followed by excision of the lesion, which resulted in complete recovery. Considering the increasing number of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation for various hematological diseases, the implications of this fungal infection should be recognized as delay in treatment may be life-threatening.
Systemic granulomatous reaction secondary to treatment of bladder cancer with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
Authors: Valentini Caterina Giovanna , Bozzoli Valentina , Larici Anna Rita , Larocca Luigi Maria , Delogu Giovanni , Leone Giuseppe , Pagano Livio
Published: June 2012

Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the elective treatment for transitional cell and in situ bladder carcinoma. Severe complications occur very seldom, but must be known and promptly recognized. We describe the case of a 48-year-old man, treated with chemo-immunotherapy ten years before for a follicular lymphoma, who developed a systemic granulomatous reaction after his twelfth intravescical BCG instillation for bladder cancer.