bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação Financeira na educação de jovens e adultos: um olhar em pesquisas acadêmicas desenvolvidas nas últimas duas décadas
Authors: Puntel Elis , Tibulo Vaneza Carli
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar como a Educação Financeira na Educação de Jovens e Adultos vem sendo trabalhada em sala de aula e apresentada em teses e dissertações da área de Educação Matemática e/ou Ensino de Ciências, a fim de mapear tais pesquisas acadêmicas ao longo das últimas duas décadas e contribuir na busca de subsídios para elaboração de um material didático com a referida temática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico, na perspectiva da metanálise. O corpus de análise é constituído por onze trabalhos extraídos do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), que foram categorizados em cinco estratos: Entendimento de Educação Financeira, objetivos, propostas didáticas, propostas interdisciplinares e mobilização de Registros de Representação Semiótica. Os principais resultados obtidos indicam que ao discutir a Educação Financeira, é perceptível a relevância da temática da tomada de decisão como critério fundamental nas ações que envolvem o bom uso dos recursos financeiros para promover sucesso pessoal com os rendimentos mensais, bem como, que as propostas didáticas envolviam comumente situações de consumo do ambiente dos jovens e adultos com intuito de simular e provocar aspectos reflexivos no processo de deliberação financeira.
Álgebra nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: possíveis conexões teóricas e práticas
Authors: Kuhn Malcus Cassiano , Schöninger Juliana Aparecida
Published: October 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar possíveis conexões teóricas e práticas para o ensino de álgebra nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental (EF). Possui abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de um estudo documental dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Nos PCN, a álgebra compunha um dos conteúdos do bloco Números e Operações e sua abordagem explícita nos anos finais do EF. O documento da Base apresenta a álgebra como uma das cinco unidades temáticas da Matemática, propondo trabalhá-la desde o 1º ano do EF. Por meio de atividades investigativas e da resolução de problemas, é indicado o estudo de: padrões figurais e numéricos; sequências recursivas e repetitivas envolvendo números, objetos ou figuras; relações e propriedades da igualdade em operações de adição, subtração, multiplicação e divisão com números naturais; relações inversas entre adição e subtração e entre multiplicação e divisão; grandezas diretamente proporcionais e partição de um todo em duas partes proporcionais. Diante do exposto, sugere-se que as instituições de Ensino Superior promovam formações continuadas sobre a temática e que os professores busquem participar, na tentativa de levar para sala de aula, oportunidades de desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico desde os primeiros anos do EF.
Kajian Peletakan Fungsi Vegetasi Terhadap Kondisi Ruang Terbuka Kampus (Studi Kasus: Indonesia Port Corporation University, Ciawi, Bogor)
Authors: Regita Ratu Segi , Simangunsong Nur Intan , Chalim Abdul
Published: October 2021

Ruang terbuka merupakan hal utama pada setiap aktifitas di ruang luar khususnya tempat yang padat pengguna dan memiliki beragam kegiatan seperti kampus. Fungsi ruang terbuka sebagai tempat berinteraksi, bermain, berolahraga, tempat bersantai dan tempat parkir.  Selain itu ruang terbuka juga memiliki fungsi sebagai pengendali  mikro klimat dan penyerapan air hujan. Dalam hal ini vegetasi berpengaruh pada setiap perencanaan ruang terbuka. Ruang terbuka kampus Indonesia Port Corporation University memiliki jenis dan aktifitas yang beragam, oleh karena itu peletakan pada vegetasi disetiap ruang terbuka kampus harus disesuaikan dengan fungsi dan kriterianya. Namun masih ada lokasi pada ruang terbuka kampus Indonesia Port Corporation University yang  peletakan vegetasinya tidak sesuai dengan fungsi dan kriteria vegetasi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada 4 lokasi dan 8 titik disetiap area ruang terbuka yang ditentukan berdasarkan purposive sampling. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu kualitatif dengan literature review untuk mengetahui jenis dan fungsi vegetasi yang akan diteliti lalu untuk menentukan kriteria vegetasi yang sesuai dengan (1) fungsi peneduh (2) fungsi pengarah (3) fungsi penyerap polutan (4) fungsi estetika dan peletakan pada setiap ruang terbuka kampus dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif Key Performance Index (KPI). Hasil dari penelitian peletakan vegetasi dengan fungsi peneduh yang memiliki nilai scor tertinggi ada pada lokasi 1 yaitu tempat yang digunakan sebagai tempat parkir (66,25%) karena didalamnya didominasi pohon tanjung dengan kriteria pola peletakan tanaman yang ditanam berbaris dan bermassa daun padat. Lokasi 3 memiliki scor tertinggi (80%) yang peletakan vegetasinya sebagai fungsi pengarah karena didominasi oleh vegetasi bertajuk kolumnar dan ditanam secara berbaris. Peletakan vegetasi yang sesuai dengan fungsi sebagai penyerap polutan terdapat pada lokasi 4 (67,85%)dimana kriteria vegetasi yang mendominasi yaitu bermassa daun padat dan percabangannya menyebar. Sedangkan untuk peletakan vegetasi dengan fungsi estetika terdapat pada lokasi 3 (88,33%) karena pada lokasi ini didominasi oleh vegetasi dengan kriteria bentuk tajuk serta percabangan menarik dan terdapat variasi warna terhadap (daun, batang,bunga dan buah). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peletakan vegetasi sangat mempengaruhi kondisi ruang terbuka suatu tapak untuk itu diperlukan kajian mengenai fungsi dan kriteria vegetasi sebelum perencanaan pengembangan suatu kawasan pada tapak.
Risk Factors and Characteristics of Adverse Reactions Associated with the Use of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Older Patients
Authors: Sokova E. A. , Arkhipov V. V. , Demidova O. A. , Mazerkina I. A. , Alexandrova T. V. , Zhuravleva M. V.
Published: October 2021

The frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older patients is approximately 11.0%, according to scientific literature. Antibiotics are the third largest group (19.5%) of medicinal products in terms of ADR frequency in geriatric patients. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the empiric treatment of choice for older outpatients and inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia. The mortality in this group of patients accounts for 85% of the overall mortality from community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific data on risk factors and characteristics of adverse drug reactions associated with the use of beta-lactam antibiotics in older patients. Specificity of ADRs to beta-lactam antibiotics in this group of patients is due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as polymorbidity and polypharmacy. The analysis of scientific literature demonstrated that there have not been so many pharmacoepidemiological studies in this group of patients, and their results have been inconsistent. The frequency, causes, and clinical manifestations of ADRs in geriatric patients are diverse and differ considerably from those in younger patients. Of the most widely used antibiotics, ceftriaxone and cefaclor exhibited a statistically lower risk of ADRs in older patients than in younger patients. At the same time, ceftriaxone was associated with a relatively higher frequency of serious ADRs in older patients as compared to younger patients, whereas the frequency of serious ADRs was lower with cefaclor. The likelihood of nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and hepatotoxic ADRs associated with the use of beta-lactam antibiotics is becoming more and more obvious but it is still underestimated in clinical and geriatric practice. Safety monitoring, therapeutic drug monitoring with due consideration of ADR risk factors in older patients, and inclusion of older patients in clinical trials of antimicrobial drugs, would improve efficacy and safety of antibiotic treatment.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Condition and the Need for Psychological Support of Students in Jakarta
Authors: Susanto Susanto
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic situation has demanded all aspects to adjust. Students are forced to make various adjustments, both learning patterns, demands for adapting new habits, and adherence to health protocols. However, the mental impact on students is not yet known. This study aims to identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental condition of students and the need for psychological support needed for students. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through online surveys with the target of student respondents coming from Jakarta and the selection of respondents is random and the analysis is carried out descriptively. This study found that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental condition of students in Jakarta included; feelings of boredom, confusion, fear, anxiety, and stress. The support needed for students facing the Covid-19 pandemic is family support, friend support, and facility support to carry out positive activities.

 

Situasi pandemi Covid-19 telah menuntut semua aspek untuk menyesuaikan. Peserta didik dituntut melakukan berbagai penyesuaian, baik pola belajar, tuntutan adaptasi kebiasaan baru serta kepatuhan pada protokol kesehatan. Namun demikian, belum diketahui dampak secara mental terhadap peserta didik di Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak pandemi covid-19 terhadap kondisi mental peserta didik dan kebutuhan dukungan psikologis yang diperlukan bagi peserta didik.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui survey secara online dengan sasaran responden peserta didik berasal dari Jakarta dan pemilihan responden secara random serta analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dampak pandemi covid-19 terhadap kondisi mental peserta didik di Jakarta meliputi; perasaan bosan, bingung, ketakutan, cemas dan stress. Dukungan yang diperlukan bagi peserta didik menghadapi pandemi covid-19 yaitu dukungan keluarga, dukungan teman dan dukungan fasilitas untuk melaksanakan kegiatan positif. 
Enhancing Waqf Forest Sustainability Through Agroforestry: Case Study from Bogor Waqf Forest, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Ali Khalifah Muhamad , Fatria Brigita Laura , Sarkawi Azila Ahmad , Othman Jamilah
Published: October 2021

The high rate of forest conversion in Indonesia required further actions to overcome. One of the solutions is through waqf (endowment) forest, a forest developed on waqf land. According to Islamic law, a waqf forest cannot be sold, granted, inherited, or changed unreasonably. Previous researches generally focused more on the potential and prospect of cash waqf or land waqf for forest protection. On the other hand, a study to enhancing waqf forest sustainability still needs to be developed, especially in Indonesia. This paper aims to observe the practice of agroforestry to enhance the sustainability of waqf forest, with the case study location in the Bogor Waqf Forest, Cibunian Village, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency, Indonesia. The present study was conducted from March 2019 until June 2021, using a literature study, observation, and in-depth interview method then analyzed descriptively. Agroforestry practices are chosen in the case study location, such as agrosilvicultural, agrosilvopastoral, and agrosilvofishery. Based on the Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) goals, agroforestry practices in waqf forests are estimated to extend forest resources, increase biodiversity, forest health, forest production, and protection functions, and contribute to social and economic development benefits.

 

Tingginya alihfungsi lahan hutan di Indonesia memerlukan usaha lebih untuk mengatasinya. Salah satu solusinya adalah melalui program hutan wakaf, yaitu hutan yang dibangun di atas tanah wakaf. Berdasarkan hukum Islam, hutan wakaf tidak boleh dijual, diberikan, diwariskan, dan diubah fungsi lahannya tanpa alasan yang dibenarkan. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya lebih berfokus pada potensi dan prospek dari wakaf uang atau wakaf tanah untuk melindungi hutan. Studi mengenai upaya pelestarian hutan wakaf masih perlu untuk dilakukan, terutama di Indonesia. Studi ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret tahun 2019 hingga Juni tahun 2021, berlokasi di Hutan Wakaf Bogor, Desa Cibunian, Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia, menggunakan metode studi literatur, observasi lapang, dan wawancara pakar yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Beberapa praktik agroforestri dipilih untuk diaplikasikan pada lokasi studi, seperti agrosilvikultura, agrosilvopastoral, dan agrosilvofishery. Berdasarkan tujuan pengelolaan hutan lestari (SFM), praktik agroforestri pada hutan wakaf diestimasikan tidak hanya meningkatkan sumber daya hutan, biodiversitas, kesehatan, produksi, dan perlindungan hutan, tetapi juga memiliki manfaat sosial dan ekonomi.
LAKNAT BAGI PEZIARAH KUBUR (Kajian atas Hadis Ziarah Kubur Bagi Perempuan)
Authors: Mokodenseho Sabil
Published: October 2021

Hadis-hadis yang berkaitan dengan hukum ziarah kubur bagi perempuan, ditemukan tidaklah tunggal, dan karena ketidaktunggalannya itu, meniscayakan atau melahirkan hukum yang berbeda-beda pula. Redaksi hadis yang melaknat perempuan ziarah kubur tidak bisa serta merta distempelkan kepada seluruh perempuan yang ziarah kubur karena ada banyak hadis yang mengisyaratkan perempuan dibolehkan menziarahi kuburan. Belum lagi, hadis pelaknatan kepada perempuan yang melakukan ziarah kubur dianggap sudah di-nasakh oleh hadis lainnya yang menganjurkan. Tentu, secara otomatis hadis yang melarang perempuan menziarahi kubur tidak berlaku lagi, kecuali ‘illāt yang menyebabkan terlaknatnya perempuan terpenuhi. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk saling menghargai antara yang suka melakukan ziarah kubur dengan yang anti ziarah kubur. Argumentasi yang dapat dikemukakan adalah bahwa perbedaan madḥab tidak boleh menjadi penyebab renggangnya jalinan ukhuwah antar sesama umat Islam, pun terhadap mereka yang anti ziarah kubur tidak perlu menyesatkan yang suka ziarah kubur, dan yang suka melakukan ziarah kubur hendaknya menjaga norma-norma agama agar tidak terjerumus kepada kesyirikan.
METODE TAFSĪR TAḤLĪLĪ
Authors: Mokodenseho Sabil
Published: October 2021

Metode taḥlīlī membantu mufasir dalam mengkaji dan membuat penafsiran atas nash al-Qur'an berdasarkan urutan ayat al-Qur'an dalam mushaf yang dilihat dari berbagai sisi. Metode taḥlīlī dibagi oleh ulama menjadi beberapa macam, yakni tafsir bi al-ma'tsūr, bi al-ra'yi, shūfī, fiqhī, falsafī, 'ilmī, dan adabī al-ijtimā'ī. Semua bentuk metode ini memiliki ciri khasnya masing-masing. Sebagai sebuah metode tafsir, metode taḥlīlī memiliki ruang lingkup pembahasan yang luas dan memuat berbagai ide dan gagasan, membuatnya unggul. Meskipun demikian, metode tafsir taḥlīlī tidak luput dari berbagai kekurangan seperti menjadikan petunjuk al-Qur'an menjadi parsial, penafsirannya terkadang dianggap subjektif dan masuknya pemikiran israiliat dan sebagainya. Terlepas dari keunggulan dan kekurangan metode tafsir taḥlīlī, dalam perkembangan tafsir dan praktiknya, ia dapat digunakan secara berdampingan dengan metode tafsir yang lain seperti ijmālī, muqaran dan maudhu'i.
Tiếp tục đổi mới, hoàn thiện chế độ sở hữu trong nền kinh tế thị trường định hướng XHCN ở Việt Nam
Authors: Vo Dai-Luoc
Published: October 2021

Nền kinh tế thị trường thực sự hiện đang tồn tại ở tất cả các nước phát triển với các mô hình khác nhau. Nhưng tất cả đều có những đặc điểm chung, đó là: (1) Cơ sở vật chất và công nghệ đều dựa trên sự phát triển của đại công nghiệp và đang có xu hướng chuyển sang nền kinh tế tri thức; (2) Các nền kinh tế thị trường này đều dựa trên nền tảng sở hữu tư nhân, sở hữu nhà nước, chiếm tỷ trọng không lớn và chỉ có vai trò hỗ trợ sở hữu tư nhân phát triển; (3) Giá cả của tất cả các loại hàng hóa và dịch vụ như: giá cả, lãi suất, tỷ giá, tiền lương... đều do thị trường xác định, có sự điều tiết hợp lý của nhà nước khi cần thiết; (4) Các nguồn lực phát triển: tiền tệ, vốn, công nghệ, lao động... do thị trường phân bổ; (5) Các nền kinh tế thị trường này đều mở cửa, hội nhập quốc tế; (6) Nhà nước đều can thiệp để hạn chế bớt mặt trái của thị trường, như: giảm bớt tình trạng nghèo đói, ô nhiễm môi trường, tác động tiêu cực của khủng hoảng, định hướng hỗ trợ phát triển khoa học công nghệ và hội nhập quốc tế...
Novel objects with causal schemas elicit selective responses in tool- and hand-selective lateral occipito-temporal cortex
Authors: Leshinskaya Anna , Bajaj Mira , Thompson-Schill Sharon L.
Published: October 2021

Tool-selective lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC) responds preferentially to images of tools (hammers, brushes) relative to non-tool objects (clocks, shoes). What drives these responses? Tools have elongated shapes and are more likely to have motor associations, but another essential property is that they exert causal effects on the environment. We tested whether LOTC would respond to novel objects associated with a tool-canonical schema in which their actions cause other events. To do so, we taught male and female human participants about novel objects embedded in animated event sequences, which varied in the temporal order of their events. Causer objects moved prior to the appearance of an environmental event (e.g., stars) while Reactor objects moved after an identical event; objects were matched on shape and motor association. During fMRI, participants viewed still images of these novel objects. We localized tool-selective LOTC and non-tool-selective parahippocampal cortex (PHC) by contrasting neural responses to images of familiar tools and non-tools. We found that LOTC responded more to Causers than Reactors; this effect was absent and weaker in right PHC. We also localized responses to images of hands, which elicit overlapping responses with tools. Across inferior temporal cortex, voxels’ tool and hand selectivity positively predicted a preferential response to Causers, and non-tool selectivity negatively so. We conclude that a causal schema typical of tools is sufficient to drive LOTC, and more generally, that preferential responses to domains across the temporal lobe may reflect the relational event structures typical of those domains.
Hepatoprotective potentials of Picralima nitida against in vivo carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatotoxicity
Authors: MacDonald Idu , Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo , Ikechi Eze Gerald , Orji Okoro Amarachi
Published: October 2021

This research aimed at investigating the in vivo Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated hepatotoxicity of methanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida (P. nitida) using Wistar rats. Twenty five (25) rats randomly selected into five groups of five animals were used in this research. Group 1 was administered Normal saline (Negative control); Group II was administered 1 ml of Carbon tetrachloride only (Positive control/ Reference drug); Group III, IV and V got 10 ml P. nitida extract + 1ml Carbon tetrachloride; 100 ml P. nitida extract + 1ml Carbon tetrachloride and 1000 ml P. nitida extract + 1ml Carbon tetrachloride respectively. Results show that treatment with P. nitida extract had no adverse effect on the body weight of Wistar rats. Biochemical analysis show increase in CAT and GSH which are good antioxidant agents. Photomicrographs show moderate amelioration from steatosis caused by Carbon tetrachloride in the treatment groups. Further study is recommended to verify if P. nitida seed extract can completely ameliorate and possibly reverse fat degeneration of liver cells induced by Carbon tetrachloride.
Preclinical evaluation of antidiabetic activity of poly herbal plant extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Gupta P.P. , Haider J. , Yadav R.P. , Pal U.
Published: October 2021

Objective: To study and compare the effect of Poly herbal plant extract (PHPE) with Glibenclamide (GL) on various parameters in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by combining High Fat-diet and injecting low dose Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body wt.) to Sprague-dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with chloroform leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, aqueous leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis and ethanolic seed extract of Trigonella foenum graecum combined in ratio of 1:2:3 respectively at dose of 600 mg/kg body weight by oral gavaging for 28 days. The results were compared with standard anti diabetic drug Glibenclamide given in dose of 500 µg/kg body weight. Results: Increase in body weight of both PHPE and GL treated diabetic rats was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to diabetic control rats. Decline in FBG levels of both PHPE and GL treated diabetic rats were found to be highly significant statistically (p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control rats at the end of study. Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides level in diabetic rats treated with PHPE were found to be highly statistically significant (p<0.001) compared to diabetic control rats. Pancreas of PHPE treated diabetic rats revealed partial restoration in size and number of islet of langerhans. Reduction in widening between acinar and islet cells noted. Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats showed much more improvement in pancreatic cell architecture by returning to its normal structure and size. Conclusion: In present study PHPE has shown to decrease elevated FBG level and improve in body weight at the end of study in diabetic rats which can be suggested due to modification in carbohydrate metabolic pathways, stimulation of insulin production by the pancreas, increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the cells and regeneration of β-cells of the pancreas.
Anti-tussive activity of Shwasakuthara Rasa a Herbo-mineral formulation prepared with and without Kajjali (Black Sulphide of Mercury) in SO2 induced cough in swiss albino mice
Authors: Bhagyalakshmi B R , Galib R , Nariya Mukesh , Prajapati PK
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Kajjali is considered as the base in maximum Rasa Yogas (Herbo-mineral formulations). Shwasakuthara Rasa (SKR) is a well-known herbo-mineral formulation indicated in different kinds of Shwasa (respiratory diseases) and Kasa (cough) having Kajjali as a base ingredient. The present study is to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-tussive activity of SKR one prepared with Kajjali (SKR1) and another without Kajjali (SKR2) in sulphur dioxide induced cough model in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried as per the OECD 425 guideline in wistar female rats. Anti-tussive activity was carried out against sulphur dioxide-induced cough reflex in mice. Results: Animals did not manifest any signs of toxicity and mortality at the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight, orally. Both test drugs (32.5 mg/kg, po) showed significant reduction in cough reflexes compared with control. SKR1 showed pronounced anti-tussive activity followed by SKR2 when compared to control group. Conclusion: The presence of Kajjali in the formulation is safe on acute administration and further enhances anti-tussive activity of the formulation may be due to increasing bioavailability of Ayurvedic formulation.
Kinetic, sorption isotherms, pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model studies of Cu(II) and Pb(II) using defatted Moringa oleifera seed powder
Authors: Kowanga Keno David , Gatebe Erastus , Mauti Godfrey Omare , Mauti Eliakim Mbaka
Published: October 2021

In the recent decades, there has been a concern on heavy metals in waste water and high cost of conventional methods of removing heavy metals, for this reason search on adsorbents of biological origin which is low cost and efficient is necessary. In this work defatted Moringa oleifera seed powder was studied as a potential alternative adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorption kinetics and initial ions concentration adsorption capacity using sorption models were evaluated. The results showed that the optimum pH for biosorption of Cu(II) was 6.5 while that of Pb(II) was 5.5. Contact time for Cu(II) was observed to occur after 30 min while that of Pb(II) occurred after 40 min. FTIR analysis revealed that defatted Moringa oleifera seed biomass had presence of amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, these groups were responsible for biosorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Biosorption kinetic data fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model (r2 ≤ 0.9997) giving equilibrium rate constant (k2) of 0.0350±0.0275 g mg−1 min−1 for Cu (II) loaded biomass and 0.0206±0.0114 g mg−1 min−1 for Pb (II) loaded biomass; the biosorption isotherms for the biosorbent fitted well with Freundlich isotherm model than with Langmuir isotherm model. However, the separation factor RL of Langmuir model was between 0 and 1 indicating favourable sorption process and the low value of mean sorption energy of 9.19×10-2 kJ from D-R model showed that the forces of attraction involved were Van der Waal forces indicating the process of adsorption was physical adsorption. In conclusion, the study revealed that defatted Moringa oleifera seed is an efficient biosorbent for removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution.
A review of the plant Boerhaavia diffusa: its chemistry, pharmacology and therapeutical potential
Authors: Nayak Pranati , Thirunavoukkarasu M
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Boerhaavia diffusa, a perennial creeping weed found in tropics and sub-tropics is a well known ethno-medicinal plant. The whole plant as well as its different parts (leaves, roots and stems) and plant extracts have been widely used in various traditional and folklore systems of medicine for treatment of various ailments. A number of phytochemicals e.g. flavonoids (C-methylflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-3’,4’-dimethoxy- 6,8- dimethylflavone, 3,5,4′- dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, 6’, 5’-dimethoxy-5, 7, 3-trihydroxyflavone, borhavone, 3,3’,5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 4’,7-dihydroxy-3’-methylflavone), alkaloids (punarnavine), glycosides (punarnavoside, eupalitin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1’’’2’’)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3,4- dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D apiofuranosyl-(1’’3’)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), rotenoids (boeravinone A-H), steroids, triterpenoids, lipids, lignans, carbohydrates, proteins, and glycoproteins etc have been reported from the herb. Several researchers have confirmed biological, pharmacological and clinical activities of the plant and its phyto-constituents. Some of the promising effects of this plant include diuretic, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, anti-fibrinolytic, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immuno-modulatory, immuno-suppressive, antilymphoproliferative, analgesic properties and used in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Besides some less promising effects exhibited by this plant includes non-teratogenic, antioxidant, anti-viral activity against plant viruses, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, adaptogenic, antiamoebic, lipotropic and anticonvulsant activity. An overview of chemical constituent of the plant, their pharmacological actions and clinical studies are summarized in the present paper.
Anti-allergy potential and possible modes of action of Sphenocentrum jollyanum pierre fruit extract
Authors: Olorunnisola O.S , Adetutu A , Fadahunsi O.S
Published: October 2021

Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) is widely used traditionally in the management of various ailments. Information on its anti-allergy property and possible modes of action is scanty in the literature. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the anti-allergic potential of crude and secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids and Alkaloids) of S.J fruit extracts. Aqueous, ethanol extracts and the secondary metabolites were extracted using standard techniques. Inhibitory effect of the extracts on erythrocytes membrane stabilization, trypsin and lipoxygenase (in vitro) were used to assess anti-inflammatory properties, while extract with the most potent anti-inflammatory activity was used to assess the anti-allergy property of the fruit in milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis mice. Result of the study revealed that the aqueous extract has highest percentage yield (38.00g), while saponins (10.20%), alkaloids (8.51%) and tannins (6.70%) are the predominant phytochemicals. The ethanol extract of the fruit demonstrated significant (p<0.05) high dose dependent erythrocytes membrane stabilization (IC50=263±12.44μg/ml), trypsin inhibition (IC50=770±6.33μg/ml) and anti-lipoxygenase activities (IC50=583±6.80μg/ml) when compared with the secondary metabolites, but significantly (p<0.05) lower than the standard drugs (Diclofenac and Indomethacin). The saponins extract demonstrated highest anti-inflammatory activity when compared with other secondary metabolites. The significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction in the eosinophils and lymphocytes counts in the ethanol fruit extract of SJ treated milk induced eosinophilia and leucocytosis Wistar mice suggested anti-allergy property of Sphenocentrum jollyanum fruit extract. Although, membrane stabilization effect of the tannin in the fruit may play a dominant role, the anti-allergy effect may involve multiple mechanisms due to phytochemicals interactions.
Analgesic and anti-Inflammatory activity of Tradescantia fluminensis leaves extract
Authors: Wawer Wilson Rwai , Osuwat Lawrence Obado , Mureithi Connie Wambui
Published: October 2021

Objective: The present study sought to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract from Tradescantia fluminensis leaves. Methods: The crude leaf extract of T. fluminensis was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in Wistar Albino rats and mice respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using egg albumin induced oedema model while acetic acid and formalin-induced paw licking models were used to evaluate the analgesic activity. Results: The extract showed a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of inflammation and pain compared to the control group. Conclusion: The leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The activities could be attributed to phytochemicals present in the plant.
An Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plants Used To Treat Malaria in the Central Region of Ghana
Authors: Ampomah Paulina , Yankson Kobina , Akotoye Hugh Komla , OforiAmeyaw Elvis
Published: October 2021

Herbal medicines form a major component of traditional medicine in Africa because they are perceived to be efficacious and safe. The study aimed at investigating anti-malarial plants used by the indigenous people in the Central Region of Ghana. The study was conducted in three districts: Cape Coast (CC), Assin and AsikumaOdoben-Brakwa (AOB). Ethnomedicinal data on antimalarial plants was collected using a convenient sampling technique consisting of field observation, collection of vouchers and semi-structured interviews of herbalists/herbal practitioners and general public. Respondents interviewed constituted Herbal practitioners/Vendors (8%), Traditional birth attendants (TBAs, 6%), Chiefs/Opinion leaders (2%), and general public (84%). The female respondents formed 54% and 46% were males. Eighty-nine plant species belonging to 41 families were recorded as useful in treating malaria. Leaves were the commonest plant part used for herbal preparation (49.5%), followed by Stem bark (21.2%), roots (14.1%), fruits (7.2%), seeds and whole (3.0% each) and flowers (2.0%). Thirty two plant species belonging to 23 families were found to be common in all study areas. Herbal medicine patronage for malaria treatment in Central Region of Ghana is high with common species occurring inall study areas.
A review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and nutritional composition of Cucurbita pepo L.
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Gul Sidra , Batool Sidra , Fatima Bibi , Rehman Ali , Yaqoob Samina , Shabir Hassan , Yousaf Touqeer , Mussarat Sakina , Ali Nawab , Khan Shahid Niaz , Rahman Hazir , Aziz Muhammad Abdul
Published: October 2021

Cucurbita pepo L. is widely used as a vegetable all around the globe. This review aimed at forming a relation between the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and nutritional composition of C. pepo. Traditionally this plant is used in Africa and Asia for the treatment of different diseases including fever, whopping cough, urinary problems, anti-scorbutic, hyperplasia, rheumatism, hemorrhoid, miscarriage, prostate cancer, constipation and blindness. Therapeutically, C. pepo is effective in antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic (anti diabetic) and hypolipidemic activities. These activities of C. pepo might be due to the existence of certain classes of compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and cucurbitacins glycoside. C. pepo is also rich in nutritional components like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and minerals. Hence, there is need to isolate and characterize active compounds in each class and developing new allopathic drugs with less or no side effects. Moreover, toxicity of this plant with dose dependent manner may also be tested along with measurements to conserve this species.
Development of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for authentication of Croton tiglium Linn.
Authors: Vekariya Shweta , Taviad Krushnkumar , Acharya RN , Harisha CR
Published: October 2021

Background: Croton tiglium Linn., commonly known as Jayapala, in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, is wellknown for its purgative action. In the herbal raw drug market, seeds of Baliospermum montanum Blume., Ricinus communis Linn. and Croton roxburghii Wall. etc. are sold in the name of Jayapla seeds due to their morphological similarities. Hence their identification through molecular characters is need of the hour. Aim: Present study aims with the molecular characterization of young leaves of C. tiglium Linn. Materials & Methods: Fresh young leaves of C. tiglium Linn. were collected from its natural habitat Udupi, Karnnataka, during January 2017. It was used for molecular characterization and DNA fingerprints, by standard and most convenient Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers at Food testing laboratory, Junagadh Agriculture University, Gujarat, India. Results: All the primers gave good band patterns. Primer 5, 6, 8, 11 and 13 showed more number of light and bright bands matching characters with plant. Conclusion: Observed RAPD marker can be used to differentiate genuine as well as adulterated samples. The results may be used for the further research purposes and also required DNA Barcoding studies for further authentication.
Comparison of inhibitory effect of ibuprofen with Piper guineense Schumach and Thonn. on some reproductive hormones in female rats
Authors: Agbai Emmanuel Onuka , Eke Chisomaga Chiwuikem , Nwanegwo Collins Okechukwu , Anyaehie Ugochukwu Bond
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to compare the inhibitory effect of ibuprofen with oral administration of Piper guineense leaf extract on follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone and estrogen in female rats irrespective of the estrous cycle. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 7): group A (control), Group B, 180 mg-kg of ibuprofen, Group C, 200 mg-kg of Piper guineense extract, Group D, 180 mg-kg of ibuprofen and 200 mg-kg of Piper guineense extract. At the end of two weeks administration, rats were sacrificed under urethane anesthesia and hormones measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results showed significant reduction in serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone following ibuprofen administration in Group B rats at P < 0.05. Piper guineense extract treated Group C rats caused significant reduction in serum luteinizing hormone and progesterone at P < 0.05. In contrast, serum follicle stimulating hormone significantly increased in Group D rats at P < 0.05 whereas serum luteinizing hormone and progesterone were markedly reduced at P < 0.05. Serum estrogen level remained unchanged among groups. In conclusion, results obtained suggested that extract inhibited luteinization of follicles thus could impair ovulation, therefore the extract can be used as oral contraceptive in family planning.
Compositional changes in sesquiterpene constituents of Blumea mollis Merr.
Authors: Bisht Balam S
Published: October 2021

Blumea mollis collected from different regions of Uttarakhand (India). GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of these samples showed the dominance of sesquiterpenoids viz. (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, δ-cadinene, bisabolene, germacrene D and α-humulene beside 2,5-dimethoxy -p-cymene.
Butyrylcholinsterase inhibitors from two Ficus species (Moraceae)
Authors: Fongang F.Y.S , Awantu F.A. , Dawe A. , Bankeu K.J.J. , Shaiq M.A. , Mehreen Lateef
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementiaand mainly afflict people over 65 years of age. AD is characterized by a progressive memory loss that leads to a profound emotional disturbance in later stages.As no safe and effective drug is yet available for the treatment of AD,secondary metabolites from plants may be instrumental in meeting this challenge. From this work, 29 compounds were isolated and fully characterized and six of them:β-isolutéon (11), dehydroferreirin (12),lupiwighteon hydrate (13),Aviprin (24), blumenol A (26)andp-menthane-3,6-diol(27) have never been previously reported from the genus Ficus. This study also reports the complete 1H NMR assignment of lupiwighteon hydrate (13) for the first time.All the isolated compounds were purified through usual chromatographic methods and their structures established by the means of NMR data. Some isolated compounds as well as methanolic crude extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes by Ellman method. None of the crude methanolic extract showed response against tested enzymes. However, the ability of some isoflavonoids and coumarin from Ficus pumila Linn and Ficus thonningii Blume to inhibit cholinesterase has been evaluated.Alpinumisoflavon (5), lupiwighteonhydrate (13), two isoflavones and aviprin(24), a furanocoumarin showed good inhibitory activities against butyrylcholinesterase but not against acetylcholinesterase using eserin/galantamine as positive controle. These results are in agreement with the ethnobotanical uses of these plants and indicated that this activity could contribute significantly to the pharmacological properties of these species.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of triazolyl analogs of diosgenin
Authors: Rahman Masood-ur- , Bhat Khursheed Ahmad , Ara Tabassum
Published: October 2021

Novel and diverse triazoles of steroidal sapogenin-diosgenin were prepared using click chemistry approach. All the derivatives were subjected to antimicrobial screening to check their antibacterial and antifungal potential. All the tested analogs were inactive towards the tested bacterial strains, while as, some analogs displayed better activity towards the tested fungal strains. Of the synthesized analogs, Dgn-3 and Dgn-6 exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans with MICs of 12 and 16 µg/ml respectively, while as, Dgn-8 and Dgn-9 showed potency towards both the tested fungal strains: Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The other derivatives showed almost comparable activity with that of the parent molecule. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the analogs with electron withdrawing substituents (-NO2 and -CN) at meta position in R moieties along with analogs bearing bromo substituted R moieties seem to have beneficial impact on the antifungal activity.
In vitro immunitary impact and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Maprounea africana Müll (Euphorbiaceae) and Mitragyna stipulosa O.Kze (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Jonas Morabandza Cyr , Celestine Nkounkou Loupangou , Wilfrid Etou Ossibi Arnaud , Robin Ongoka Pascal , Maurille Ouamba Jean , Antoine Abena Ange
Published: October 2021

This study aims to investigate the in vitro immunitary impacts and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Maprounea africana (Euphorbiaceae) leaves and Mitragyna stipulosa (Rubiaceae) stem barks. Impact on leukocyte cells (total lymphocyte, polynuclears, monocyte, NK, TCD8 and TCD4) was quantified by using flow cytometry and, antioxidant activity by quantification of hydrogen peroxide production after immunomarking of specific monoclonal antibodies. The results showed a significant descrease of total lymphocyte, polynuclear, NK, TCD8 and, a non-significant descrease of TCD4 and monocyte induces by aqueous extract of M. africana leaves. Whereas aqueous extract of the stem bark of M. stipulosa induces a significant increase of total lymphocyte, TCD4, NK, TCD8 and, a significant descrease of polynuclear and monocyte. The two extracts significantly reduce (p˂0.001) the production of hydrogen peroxid by polynuclear, lymphocytes and monocytes. These results suggest an immunomodulatory and immunostimulant effect of M. africana and M. stipulosa respectively and, antioxidant activity. The present study established pharmacological evidence to support traditional uses of these two species and may open up the possibility of finding the new compounds against immunological desseases.
Emodin, isolated and characterized from an endophytic fungus Polyporales sp., induces apoptotic cell death in human lung cancer cells through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
Authors: Dar Refaz Ahmad , Majeed Rabiya , sheikh Abid Ali , Rehman Shakeel-u- , Hamid Abid , Hassan Qazi Parvaiz
Published: October 2021

Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a Chinese herbal anthraquinone that exhibits numerous biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive. From an endophytic fungus, a close relative of Polyporales sp., found in association with Rheum emodi, Wall. ex Meissn a compound (Rz) was isolated and characterizedby different spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR, 13CNMR, 2D-NMR, and HRMS). The compound (Rz) displayed a range of cytotoxicities against different human cancer cell lines like THP-1(Leukemia), A549 (Lung), NCI-H322 (lung) and Colo-205(colon) at a concentration of 70 and 100 µM. The compound had strong anticancer activity by arresting the cell cycle at G1 and G2/M phase and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in A-549 lung cancer cells in concentration dependent manner. The study suggests that emodin induced anticancer effects may have novel therapeutic applications for the treatment of lung cancer.
Antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes from selected high value medicinal plants of the Kashmir valley – India
Authors: Dar Refaz Ahmad , Saba Iram , Shahnawaz Mohd , Qazi Parvaiz Hassan , Khan Inshad Ali
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi isolated from different high value medicinal plants of Kashmir valley. Evaluation of some endophytes has been carried for their possible antimicrobial activity from various parts of medicinal plants belonging to Kashmir valley (India). A total of twenty-eight fungal endophytes were isolated from the different parts of selected medicinal plants. Dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of all the morphologically different endophytes were prepared and subsequently checked for antimicrobial activities. Eight isolates showed good activity against gram positive bacteria with two isolates showing promising activity with MIC in the range of 0.5 – 1µg/ml. All the isolated endophytic extracts were completely devoid of antifungal activity. The seven-active endophytic fungal cultures were identified by ITS4 and ITS5 gene sequencing.
Pharmacological activity of Fumaria indica - A review
Authors: Guna Gowher
Published: October 2021

Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), known as “Fumitory”, is an annual herb found as a common weed all over the plains of India and Pakistan. Plant is used widely used in Unani and Ayurvedic system of medicine. Plant is used in isolation as well as in polyherbal formulations. Fumaria indica is used in aches and pains, diarrhoea, fever, influenza, liver complaints, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia, blood purification, leucoderma, anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic and, in combination with black pepper, for jaundice. The present review reveals various pharmacological activities of the plant which might be helpful in further investigations of the plant at molecular and phytochemical level for drug formulations against various diseases.
A TECNOLOGIA COMO ESTRATÉGIA PONTE NO ENSINO DA ENFERMAGEM EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: CAVALCANTI DEBORA CRISTINA DE LIMA LEAO
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Identificar através da literatura a metodologia utilizada foi através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura a qual tem o propósito de contribuir para a reflexão dos profissionais e estudantes da área da enfermagem, como também, daqueles que possuem interesse pelo assunto. O artigo foi baseado em evidências científicas. Método: Com busca realizada pela Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, as palavras-chave selecionadas foram: Educação à distância, COVID-19, Enfermagem e Saúde, encontradas com o auxílio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (Decs), empregando o embolando “AND”, utilizando como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2021. Resultado: Foram localizados 599 artigos na busca eletrônica, desses, 530 continuaram após cada critério de inclusão e 7 foram selecionados para a amostra final deste estudo. A análise dos dados permitiu inferir que quando se possui um corpo docente capacitado pela instituição de ensino, é possível quebrar as barreiras, dando o suporte necessário aos discentes, podendo refletir na formação dos futuros enfermeiros assistenciais e apoiadores científicos. Conclusão: O estudo realizado apresentou limitações referente aos impactos na área da enfermagem, visto que os maiores números de pesquisas estavam voltados para o setor médico, bem como foi visto um número reduzido de artigos que abordassem como os estudantes de enfermagem poderiam enfrentar os desafios da era tecnológica no cenário de pandemia em que estamos vivendo. Capacitações tanto dos docentes, quanto dos estudantes desde a inserção na Instituição estudantil poderá contribuir na adaptação facilitada, caso eventuais calamidades públicas possam emergir.
Analysis of cadets' online learning readiness at PIP Makassar
Authors: Dodik Widarbowo
Published: October 2021

This study was designed to see the readiness of online learning of cadets at PIP Makassar during the Covid-19 period with a quantitative approach. This research uses a descriptive research method. For data processing, by grouping the data from the questionnaire/questionnaire according to the variables studied, looking for the average value in each group of research variables, determining the level of readiness for each group of variables, determining the level of readiness to apply online learning at the institutional level. The research was conducted at PIP Makassar, which was held at the end of June. The subjects in this study were 362 cadets from 3 majors in Nautika, KALK and Teknika. This study used a questionnaire containing 30 questions based on predetermined reference factors. From the results of the questionnaire, it will be assessed using a 0-2 rating scale. Dari on data obtained showed the lowest scores were entered in the category of 11-25 are six people, which indicates that the cadets must take the time and effort to prepare and adapt to online learning. While the cadets with a score of 51-60 are 92 people who show the level of readiness that is very ready for online learning, while gender does not affect online learning readiness.