bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kolyadenko Svitlana , Lityaga Inna
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to analyze the social and legal support of women in Ukraine living with HIV, and to identify features that need to be taken into account when working with this category of people. To achieve this goal, the article uses research methods such as analysis, synthesis, monitoring, statistical processing of information, and analysis of literature, legal documents.Results: The article highlights the relevance of the problem of HIV / AIDS nowadays, as the final real statistics do not exist due to the fact that many carriers of the virus and patients are not tested. It is important to solve this problem to conduct informational and educational campaigns to promote voluntary testing, counseling on treatment, social support at the legislative level and prevention of infection.The article also considers the mechanisms of virus transmission (sexual, parenteral and vertical). The individual approach to the prevention, detection and treatment of HIV / AIDS is described, as well as the impact of urban processes on the spread of this problem and increase new cases of infection among men compared to women. Parenteral transmission of infection predominates among men, and sexual transmission predominates among women. Discrimination against women compared to men in terms of receiving the necessary assistance and realizing the full potential of HIV / AIDS is noted. This confirms the existence of social stereotypes that shape the overall picture of gender relations in Ukraine, although the level of legislation guarantees the availability and quality of all types of assistance to both men and women equally.The facts concerning HIV-infected women have been identified, namely: numerous discrimination and violations of the rights of women with HIV-positive status; receiving ARV therapy by women with HIV-positive status; access of women living with HIV to assisted reproductive technologies; social services for women with HIV-positive status. All of them must be reflected in Ukrainian legislation.A review of regulations and other documents on the rights and opportunities of HIV-positive women in Ukraine was conducted. National and international documents are analyzed and systematized. The information was summarized and grouped by different positions, which allowed to identify certain features that need to be taken into account when working with HIV-positive women, as well as to conclude that there is insufficient experience in implementing a gender-based approach in developing and approving Ukrainian legislation.
REGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Pesotska Yuliia
Published: November 2022

The creation of an accessible society in which all members have equal rights and opportunities requires the organization of appropriate measures from the state. First of all, it concerns the formation of the appropriate policy and the implementation and implementation of all the tasks at all levels of the state. The existence of laws, acts, decrees, strategies will outline the direction of the state and determine its priorities.The article deals with regulatory and legal support for social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The author analysed the international legislation, which declares the basic rights and guarantees of a person, including people with disabilities. The regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine, which guarantees the right of persons with disabilities to a full life, is highlighted.The article also defines the main concepts of «person with disabilities», «child with disabilities», «social services», «social rehabilitation», «rehabilitation of persons with disabilities», «inclusive resource centre», etc.An analysis of individual articles of the legislation, which, in the opinion of the author, require special attention was carried out. These articles are of key importance in building an inclusive society and realizing the rights of persons with disabilities. The key goals and objectives of the legislative framework for the creation of a barrier-free society have been determined. The author also states that interdisciplinary nature is reflected in legislation, which in turn contributes to a comprehensive solution to the problem.The importance and necessity of social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities is defined. After all, this will determine their integration and adaptation in society.
The Big Data Technology: Assessing the Impact in the Banking Industry
Authors: Abdullahi Shamsu , Nazir Yusuf  , Musa Ahmed Zayyad  , Lawal Idris Bagiwa  , Abubakar Zakari  , Alhassan Adamu  , Amina Nura  , Saadana Shehu
Published: November 2022

Big data is a form of data with increased volume, difficult to analyze, process, and store using traditional database technologies. It has long been adopted in business and finance where a large number of bank transaction are executed daily. The emergence of big data in banking industry results to large proportion of technical improvements in the industry. However, its processing causes disruption in the banking industry. Big data analytics is the process that involves using algorithms and software tools to extract useful business information from the dataset. This study adopts big data analytics process to investigates the disruption due to big data processing in the banking industry. The study identifies, acquired, and extracted dataset of the banking industry which was analyzed using MapReduce based fraud committed due to processing of large amount of data. findings show that government employee commit more crime in comparison with the private sector employees. Finally, based on customers gender, the male employees commit most of the fraud in both government and private sector.
Frequency of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Women with Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Nazir Sabahat , Nazir Aftab , Javed Muhammad Shahid , Shahnawaz Saira , Malik Shoaib Ahmad , Ali Safdar
Published: November 2022

Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. We aimed to determine the frequency of maternal morbidity and mortality in women with primary postpartum hemorrhage. This descriptive case study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, from 15th September 2018 to 14th March 2019. A total of 241 women with PPH, having the age of 18-40 years, and gestational age of 37- 41 weeks were recruited. Patients were evaluated for the presence of sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, anaemia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this study mean age was detected as 28.96 ± 4.11 years. Majority of the patients 146 (60.58%) were between 18 to 30 years of age. Mean gestational age was 38.87 ± 1.32 weeks. Mean parity was 3.10 ± 0.85 and mean BMI was 28.54 ± 2.54 kg/m2. Sepsis was found in 25 patients (10.37%), disseminated intravascular coagulation in 16 (6.64%), acute renal failure in 21 (8.71%), anaemia in 201 patients (83.40%), acute respiratory distress syndrome in 13 (5.39%) and mortality in 44 (18.26%) patients. This study indicates that frequency of maternal morbidity and mortality in women with primary postpartum hemorrhage is quite high. This necessitates early identification of high-risk pregnancies and provision of urgent, skilled and multidisciplinary intensive care.
Complications and Success Rate in Women Undergoing Burch Colposuspension for Urinary Stress Incontinence
Authors: Sadia Bint Karim  , Naeema Utman  , Huma Sethi  , Khurshida
Published: November 2022

Our goal was to study the success rates and peri-operative and post operative complications of Burch colposuspension in women having urinary stress incontinence. The study was performed in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics, MTI Hayatabad Medical Complex, MTI Lady Reading Hospital and a private set in Peshawar. Peri and postoperative outcomes were reviewed in 54 patients who underwent Burch Colposuspension from 2012 to 2017. All operations were performed by a single experienced surgeon and patients were followed post procedure for 18-24 months. Prior to the procedure, urodynamic studies were performed on 34 patients, while others showed signs of pure stress incontinence, so they did not require urodynamic studies. Urodynamics of 28 women showed genuine stress incontinence while six showed mixed stress incontinence. 10 patients underwent additional procedures along with Burch Colposuspension, mostly posterior colporrhaphy in 6 patients. The complication rate was relatively low, with 14.8% of patients experiencing voiding difficulties and 11% experiencing Denovo detrusor instability. Burch Colposuspension is a safe surgical treatment for genuine stress incontinence.
Pharmacodynamics of Xylazine, Acepromazine and Diazepam on Various Physiological Parameter in Rabbits
Authors: Mian Saeed Sarwar  , Naimat Ullah Khan  , Khan Humayun , Ali Hazrat , Gohar Ali , Usman Tahir
Published: November 2022

The  aim   of   the   present   study   was   to explore the effect of three selective sedative/tranquilizer drugs i.e. Xylazine(XZ), Acepromazine(AC), and Diazepam(DZ) on normal physiological parameters such aspulse, respiration, body temperature and serum glucose.All the three drugs i.e. Xylazine, Acepromazine, and Diazepam were used at the dose rate of 8mg/kg, 5 mg/kgand diazepam1mg/kg respectivelythrough intramuscular route(I.M.)in six healthy rabbits of non-descriptive Before   administration   of   drugs   all   physiological   parameters  were recordedPulse, respiration  and  body  temperature  shows  significant  (0.05)  decrease  after administration of these drugs. Maximum decrease in the pulse rate was recorded at 60, 30 and 45 minutes and were returned to its normal at 150, 135 and 135 minutes with XZ, AC and DZ Low respiratory rate was noted at 45, 30 and 75 minutes and were returned to the non-significant level at 105, 90 and 135 minutes with XZ, AC and DZ Body temperature decreased to its maximum at 45, 30 and 60 minutes and returned to its normal at 120, 120 and 135 minutes after administration of XZ, AC and DZ Onset of sedation started at 83±0.30, 6.16±0.47 and 3.83±0.30 minutes with XZ, AC and DZ Significant difference were found in XZ and AC, DZ and AC at 0.05 but there was no significant difference between XZ and Total duration of sedation was 101.17±1.07, 00±1.87 and 90.00±1.29 with XZ, AC and DZ respectively.XZ and DZ significantly (P< 0.05) increase serum glucose level while AC have no significant effect on serum glucose From the overall finding all the three drugs were were found safe for rabbits but XZ shows the best results.
Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence among Females of Age 20-65 years
Authors: Kousar Raheela , Islam Farooq , Raza Asim , Altaf Rabbeya
Published: November 2022

Background: urinary incontinence is said to be a condition in which there is involuntary urine loss. Although it is a common clinical condition among females whether it is stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence or mixed it leads to social embarrassment and isolation which affect their activities of daily living yet the exact prevalence is unknown as it depends upon different risk factors. In Pakistan there is lack of literature which could explain its dependency on varying risk factors.

Objective(s): To evaluate prevalence of urinary incontinence among females of age 20-65 years.

Methodology: A cross-sectional research with a sample size of 377 females from the general population of Gujrat District was done. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the obtained data. Findings were then interpreted using Chi-square test.

Results: The results have been obtained after analyzing the data collected from 377 females. Prevalence of UI was 75.3% No significant associations were found as P-values were ?0.05.

Conclusion(s): This study shows that urinary incontinence is a very common issue in females and it varies with age , parity, mode of delivery and menopause

Key words: menopause, parity, Stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, Urinary incontinence
Circulation of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Lineage-IV Haplotypes in Pakistan: implication for Control and Eradication
Authors: Aashraf Waqas
Published: November 2022

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a viral disease of small ruminants, was identified for the first time in Pakistan in 1991. Due to the availability of effective vaccine, FAO and OIE to set target of PPR control and eradication by 2030. The molecular signature of variation in the virus can assist in the control and eradication of a transboundary disease of PPR. In this study, the causative PPR virus was isolated in cell culture from suspected goats and sheep from Punjab, Pakistan. Out of swab samples, 74.2% produced cytopathic effect in cell culture and proceeded for amplification of nucleoprotein gene for genome based sequence comparison. Molecular typing showed that all of them belonged to the PPRV lineage IV. However, within lineage IV, haplotype variation was evident from the sequence analysis giving a clue of virus evolution over time in accordance with the route of disease spread. The isolated PPRVs being closely related to those from the neighboring countries of Dubai, Tajikistan and Iran. This subdivision indicates possible cross-border PPRV influx or efflux of PPRV strains through nomadism or trade from Northern areas (Tajikistan), across the south-western border of Taftan (Iran) and Dubai and other gulf countries. The study proposes joint effort by national and international animal health agencies to control and eradicate the transboundary disease of PPR in the region.
In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Anticancer Potential of Chrysanthemum indicum, Therapeutic Plant
Authors: Mehboob Zahid , Sharif Sumaira , Lodhi Madeeha Shahzad , Zaigham Kalsoom
Published: November 2022

Natural bioactive compounds that trigger apoptosis in medicinal plants might be a promising new source of anti-cancer medications. The present study aimed to assess the anti-cancer potential of the powerful therapeutic plant Chrysanthemum indicum. The whole plant extract was extracted in n-hexane and ethanol solvents to test anticancer and antioxidative capabilities on the cancer HepG2 cell line. The cells in the untreated group had not been exposed to any of the plant extracts. Ethanol and n-hexane extracts were administered to the treated cell lines. Cell viability was estimated by employing standard methodologies for the anticancer potential. Cell death and viability were measured by MTT, trypan blue, and crystal violet tests. The rate of apoptosis was measured in all groups using an Annexin-V ELISA. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity studies were carried out to investigate the scavenging activities of nitric oxide, DPHH radicals, H2O2, and superoxide, scavenging power of the extracts. When cancer cells from the HepG2 cell lines were treated with plant extracts, they showed lower viability, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis compared to untreated control cells, according to the findings. Plant extract-treated cancer cells have stronger anti-oxidative scavenging activity than untreated cancer cells. In comparison to the n-hexane extract, the ethanol extract exhibited stronger anti-cancer and antioxidative capability against cancer cells. It was concluded that Chrysanthemum indicum ethanol and n-hexane extracts induce anticancer activity in cancer cell lines by increasing apoptosis, antioxidant status, and decrease proliferation.
Formulation and In Vitro Characterization of Xanthan Gum/Eudragit Controlled Release Hydrogel Using Metformin as a Model Drug
Authors: Masood Naila
Published: November 2022

Hydrogels are three-dimensional colloidal dispersions composed of a complex network of hydrophilic polymers meant for the controlled and site-specific delivery of a variety of drugs. Hydrogels based upon the combination of synthetic polymers and Xanthan gum not only increase the swelleability, drug loading capacity but also provide a promising platform for the controlled delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In the present study, pH-responsive hydrogels based upon Xanthan gum (XG)/Eudragit-S100 (Eu-S100) were prepared for the duodenal delivery of an anti-diabetic drug Metformin HCl (MT) at a controlled rate. Formulations were characterized for swelleability, drug release, surface morphology and compatibility with the loaded drug. The results of the study showed that all the formulations provided pH-dependent swelleability and drug release but the formulation based upon the combination of natural and synthetic polymer provided steady-state drug release at duodenal pH with very less amount of drug release at stomach pH. The release mechanism in that formation was the combination of diffusion/erosion. The FTIR analysis revealed no gel-drug interaction and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the porous structure in a gel matrix with interconnected tunnels to facilitate the diffusion of water and drug molecules. Taken together, the findings of the present study supported the assumption that a combination of natural gum and a synthetic polymer may provide a very useful pH-responsive extended- release drug delivery system for hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs whose basic site of absorption is the small intestine. Prospective researchers are suggested to conduct toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies on in vivo models
Pattern and Prevalence of Congenital Malformation and Genetic Disorders among Offspring of Consanguineous Parents in Quetta
Authors: Ambreen Ijaz  , Maryam Muhammad Ali  , Shubana Kausar  , Khadija Saif  , Masooma Mukhtar Hussain  , Razia Muhammad Tawakal  , Palwasha Tariq  , Tahir Hameed  , Gul Makai Panezai  , Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani  , Nosheen Rafique  , Aasia Karim  , Zuhra Bibi
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the pattern and prevalence of congenital malformation/ genetic disorders among the offspring of consanguineous marriages in Quetta, Pakistan. A survey was conducted among 105 married couples from different areas of Quetta city. 89 out of 105 consanguineous couples were related as first cousins, followed by second cousin (n=16) and third cousin (n=6) couples. Consanguineous marriages were common among women who were illiterate (43.8%) and unemployed (87.6%). Highest number of child mortality (61.9%) and abnormalities (32.1%) were observed among the children of first cousin marriages. The most common congenital malformation /genetic disorders were mental retardation (24.13%), followed by diabetes (10.3%), deafness (6.8%) and thalassemia (6.8%). Among all the inter-related marriages, first cousin marriages are at highest risk to have babies with congenital anomalies.
A Comparative Study to Determine the Nutritive Value of National Brands and Locally Baked Cookies, Detection of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Quetta
Authors: Saadiya Mujeeb  , Farhat Abbas Bukhari  , Nadeem Rashid  , Iqra Mujeeb  , Babar Hilal Ahmad Abbasi  , Tahir Hameed  , Rehman Aneela
Published: November 2022

It’s worthy to get knowledge about the nutritional value of the food which is being consumed by people so far. Various forms of malnutrition are the reason of suffering for millions of the people in each corner of the world. Biscuits have got popularity in Pakistani culture. They are being baked locally and well-known brands are also its suppliers. Nutritional value of local biscuits is still unknown. The aim of the study was to analyze proximate value of local biscuits and branded biscuits, their comparison and determination of rancidity, AFB1 and aflatoxigenic fungi as they prevail in wheat products and peanuts. So, 16 local biscuits samples and 16 branded biscuit samples were selected for analysis. AOAC methods were used for proximate analysis, TLC for AFB1 detection. Proximate analysis showed local biscuits have following mean values for: protein 12.01%, ether extracts 26.625, crude fiber 1.25%, moisture 40.28%, and ash 0.52%. On the other hand, mean value of protein was observed 7.47%, ether extracts 22.26%, crude fiber 0.89%, moisture 2.66%, and ash 0.56% in the branded biscuits. Rancidity of branded biscuits was having mean value 0.39 mEq and locally baked biscuits were having 0.55 mEq but both were able to consume. So, it shows local biscuits are good source of nutrition and fit for consumption for all the ages. In local biscuit samples 87.5% had low contamination level and 12.50% samples had medium level. In contrast, no branded sample has crossed the permissible limit of AFB1 and aflatoxigenic fungi was detected in none of the sample.
Cognitive Changes in the Patients of Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Tuba Bari  , Zubaida Umar  , Ata Ur Rehman  , Aftab Nazir  , Shubana Kausar  , Fozia Zahur Malik
Published: November 2022

Objective:To determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders in patients suffering from breast cancer receiving chemotherapy treatment in Mayo Hospital Oncology ward. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional type of study was conducted in Mayo Hospital Lahore from April 2017 to June 2017 in order to know about the effects of chemotherapy on cognitive dysfunction in female breast cancer patients.The study included 55 participants , all of them were receiving chemotherapy at the time the research was conducted. A questionnaire was formulated and got filled. The final data was analyzed with the help of SPSS having version 21 and the descriptive statistics e.g percentage and frequencies were achieved. Results:Different measures to test the cognitive functions of patients were used.The analysis of data demonstrated significant relation between increasing age and deterioration of words registration functions,verbal functions and clock drawing interpretation functions of brain. (p = .001 , p=.015 , p=.006 respectively) .While financial management skills of the patients seemed to be unaffected by chemotherapy ( p =.066).Conclusion :These results of this study clearly showed serious derangement in cognitive functions of the patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer.Moreover age and pre-treatment natural cognitive reserve are the important predictors of magnitude of deterioration.
Effect of Human-pet Interaction; Zoonosis
Authors: Sulehri Sabeera Afzal , Afzal Sabila , Shah Syed Shakeel , Soha  , Majeed Aneeqa , Sajid Rabia , Shabbir Adeela , Masood Farwa
Published: November 2022

Pets are the wellspring of bliss for human; likewise they affect their wellbeing. Be that as it may, there are some antagonistic parts of having pets as individuals having close contact with pets can be influenced by a few zoonotic illnesses, for example, Dermatophytosis, Toxoplasmosis, Rabies, Plague and Sarcoptes and so on. These ailments are caused by microscopic organisms, parasite, growths and infection that are available in the residential pets. The ailment can be transmit by means of skin contact, chomps (rabies), taking care of pet, eating tainted creature (Bacillus anthracis), drinking defiled water or by implication through polluted sustenance, creepy crawly vectors (feline scratch fever ). These zoonotic sicknesses are extremely destructive for people that likewise cause passing. Zoonotic infections are common all through the world. The vast majority of the nations around the world are endeavoring to control the zoonotic infections. Anti-microbials are accessible in numerous nations. The high danger of zoonotic illness can be overwhelmed by taking preventive measures. These counteracting measures incorporates: to maintain a strategic distance from contact with creatures, enhanced sanitation, hand washing in the wake of playing with pet, diminish the canine populace, dispose of the fomites, abstain from offering bed to their pet, utilize gloves and veil when taking care of with the live or dead puppies and felines that are powerless against disease. The absence of instruction and mindfulness is the significant reason for the irresistible ailments because of creatures. Open mindfulness programs assume critical job to mindful individuals and lessen the danger of the zoonotic malady.
Variable Doses of Nigella sativa in Isoniazid Induced Liver Toxicity in Rabbits
Authors: Abdullah Jan Panezai  , Moosa Khan  , Syed Muhammad Ishaque  , Raheem Ullah  , Ahmad Ali Khan  , Noshaba Rahat
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of various doses of Nigella sativa in isoniazid induced liver biochemical changes in Rabbits.

Study design: Animal study

Place of study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration of Animal house BMSI, JPMC Karachi.

Method:

In this animal study, 48 (N) healthy rabbits of either sex were randomly selected and equally divided in four groups (12 in each). Group I, was given only healthy diet. Group II, given Isoniazid at 50mg/kg body weight per day orally. Group III, was given Isoniazid 50mg plus Nigella sativa 500 mg/kg body weight/day orally and Group IV, given Isoniazid 50mg plus Nigella sativa 1gm/kg body weight/day orally. Treatment duration was 20 days. Liver biochemical changes i-e, Serum Total Bilirubin, ALT and AST were investigated on 00 and 21 days respectively. The data was collected on designed proforma and assessed statistically using SPSS version 16 and paired T- Test was applied.

Results:

In Group I the liver biochemical changes were non-significant on 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin, p value = 0.06, ALT, p = 0.09 & AST, p = 0.74). Group II the parameters were significantly raised, when 00 and 21 days were compared. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.00, ALT p = 0.00 & AST p = 0.00). In Group III the liver biochemical changes noted both significant and non-significant when compared between 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.06, ALT p = 0.00 & AST p = 0.74). Group IV the liver biochemical changes were non-significant when compared between 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.06, ALT p = 0.09 & AST p = 0.74)

Conclusion:

Nigella sativa showed protective role on isoniazid induced liver toxicity in rabbits.
Mycotoxic effects of medicinal plants on the asexual reproduction of Aspergillus nigar ATCC 1015
Authors: Mushtaq Ayesha
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants are tremendous source in herbal medicine for treatment of diverse range of disease, due to increasing rate of microbial infections their in vitro antimicrobial activity was analyzed. Mycotoxic effect of aqueous extract of medicinal plants Zatartia multiflora, Thymus vulgaris and Psammogeton canescens on asexual life cycle of Aspergillus nigar ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 1015 were analyzed. To investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of Z. multiflora, T. vulgaris and P. canescens aqueous extract with three dilutions 0.13, 0.25 and 0.50% were prepared and their antifungal activity on three reproductive stages spore germination, mycelia elongation and sporulation (spore viability) of Aspergillus nigar ATCC 1015 were checked and compare with standard drug Miconazole. Plants under study possess antifungal activity that varied at different stages of reproduction, the intensity of inhibitory effects varied with the species and the concentration of extract used. P. canescens has remarkable inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelia elongation with increase in concentration as compared to T. vulgaris and Z. multiflora. P. canescens also has well enough antifungal activity on sporulation it completely retards the spore formation at 0.50% and linear decrease in spores viability was recorded with the rise in extract amount in the medium while T. vulgaris and Z. multiflora also significantly affect spore formation and viability of spores. The maximum reduction in spore formation and viability of spore was recorded at 0.50% extract concentration i.e., 35.10 %and 64.31 %, respectively, in Zataria multiflora extract with respect to control. The standard drug Miconazole possesses splendid antifungal activity at all three stages of Aspergillus nigar strain. Hence A. nigar is extremely sensitive to Miconazole and P. canescens while T. vulgaris and Z. multiflora have significant inhibitory effects on spore germination, sporulation and on spore viability reproductive stages of Aspergillus nigar ATCC 1015.
persistent vitamin-D deficiency among reproductive age of women of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Ameer , Shafiq Yasir , Noor Saba
Published: November 2022

Illness associated with vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a serious public health concern and an important independent risk factor for mortality. Approximately 1 billion people worldwide, or half of the population, have insufficient vitamin D levels. A fat-soluble hormone, vitamin D is important for bone metabolism and regulates calcium phosphate homeostasis in the body (2). Vitamin D is needed to allow the body to absorb 10-15% of calcium and 60% of phosphorus. Among the major forms of vitamin D found in nature are vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Physical inactivity, poor diet (meat, fish, eggs, fortified foods), and poor environmental exposure such as limited sunlight exposure which cause vitamin D production in the skin to below .
Thyroglobulin as a novel biomarker to predict iodine deficiency
Authors: Muhammad Ameer , Shafiq Yasir , Noor Saba
Published: November 2022

Thyroglobulin is a sensitive biomarker of iodine compared to thyrotropin or thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Thyroid glands produce the thyroglobulin It is considered a more accurate biomarker, but evaluating iodine status has not been reviewed comprehensively, requiring more research, to study in different age and gender groups. It is essential to inform public health systems of the level of iodine status of the population by accurate assessment, particularly the importance of iodine adequate levels and its necessity for bones and neurodevelopment during pregnancy. Iodine status can be checked by urinary iodine concentration which indicates the level of iodine in diet which is a widely used common indicator worldwide.
Behavior of Wheat Cultivars in Hydroponic Culture under Saline Conditions
Authors: Abid Ali
Published: November 2022

Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) is a primary staple food crop that supports more than a third of the world's population and is Asia's main staple food. Abiotic stressors have an impact on wheat production all over the world. A hydroponic research was carried out to investigate the effects of various salinity levels. i.e 1.5, 5, 10 and 15 ds/m on 10 different cultivars of wheat (Aas-11, Gold-16, Johar-16, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1718, 1725, 1754 and V-4) during 2018 and 2019. The data regarding the effect of salinity on Plant shoot & Root length, Plant shoot & Root Fresh and dry weights and No. of tillers were recorded. Withevery increase in salinity level, decline in all growth parameters was observed.The number of tillers, shoot length and root length decreased with the increase in EC in all the tested strains/varieties. An overall decrease in total biomass by observed by wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivar 1713 showed tallest shoots while wheat cultivar 1712 has lowest length of shoot. Overall, Aas-11 performed better than all the cultivars tested.
The Frequency of Lymphocele and its Management in Post Renal Transplant Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Hazratullah
Published: November 2022

Objective

To assess the frequency of lymphocele and its management in patients with live renal transplant.

Introduction

Renal transplant is the treatment of choice for patient with ESRD. Although it improve quality and increase life expectancy but it is not without major and minor complications one of that complication is lymphocele that cause that cause severe morbidity and even graft dysfunction. We conducted this study to find the frequency of lymphocele in patients undergoing renal transplant.

Material and Methods

This is a retrospective study conducted in the Institute of Kidney Diseases and Transplant. The files of all those patients were analyzed who underwent live donor renal transplant from Jan 2015 to July 2020. The demographic and all relevant data were entered in a proforma. For analysis we entered data in   SPSS  version .

 

Results

From Jan 2015 to July 2020 42 renal transplants were performed.  Male patients were 32 (76 %) and female were 10 (23.8%) ratios male to female 3.2 to 1.  Mean age 37.5 years (range 50 to 25 years).  Of these 5 (11.9%) patients developed lymphocele 3 patients (7.1%) developed mild lymphocele without any renal dysfunction that treated conservatively while two (4.7%)  presented with  hydronephrosis and renal  dysfunction one of this  respond to percutaneous aspiration and tetracycline installation while one  after failed  response to percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy  treated by laparoscopic interaperitoneal drainage.

Conclusion

Lymphocele is one of the common cause of renal transplantation that respond to different treatment modalities range from conservative to minimally invasive or major intervention  in the form of open surgical technique or laparoscopic intervention.
Hematological And Clinical Analysis of Hepatitis B Patients from Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Abdul Latif  , Sadia Sabir  , Saima Iram  , Pari Gul  , Asma Yousafzai
Published: November 2022

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is still a serious worldwide health concern. The primary mechanisms of HBV transmission in Pakistan include the use of infected tools in medical and dental practices, unsafe blood transfusion, and a family history of HBV infection. Pakistan has a high HBV prevalence, with 4.55 million persons affected. The cause for this might be a lack of sufficient health facilities, a bad economic situation, and insufficient knowledge regarding the spread of infections such as HBV.

Aim of the study: The goal of this study was to look at the possible risk factors that may lead to HBV infection and analysis of Hematological and liver function tests which are two tests that are used to determine the health of a person.

Methods: Blood samples from 244 individuals infected with HBV infection (including both males and females) were collected and processed for complete blood count and liver function analysis. General characteristics were recorded interview and questionnaire.

Results: A total of 244 HBV-positive patients were included in the study. Their ages were range from 17-78 years. The HBV rate was higher in males 175 (71.7%) and 69 (28.3%) in females. Out of one hundred forty-four patients, 143 (58.60%), individuals were from rural areas and 101 (41.60 %) were from urban areas. majority of the individuals 148 (60.7%) were married and 87 (35.7%) were unmarried. According to their education, most of the participants 101 (41.4%) were illiterate and only 61 (25.0%) had a higher level of education. Dental history and smoking habits were recorded in 71 (29.1%) patients respectively. Similarly, a family history of hepatitis B infection was recorded in 51 (20.9%) and only 15 (6.1%) had a blood transfusion history.

Conclusion: In rural areas of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, the current study demonstrated a significant incidence of HBV infection. The observed prevalence is gender and age-dependent, possibly because of their increased exposure to common risk factors. To prevent the spread of HBV infection, it is advised that people be made aware of the potential risk factors and that vaccination be extended in high prevalent regions.
Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Coastal Areas (Winder, Uthal And Lasbela) of Balochistan Pakistan
Authors: Kumari Darshna , Hafsa Tariq  , Mir Abdul Qadir  , Imran Ishrat , Ghulam Farooq  , Muhammad Nasimullah  , Kumar Suneel , Meghwar Parkash
Published: November 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected protozoan disease caused by a phlebotomine sand fly that inserts a parasite into the host bloodstream by biting to expose the area of the body. These parasites cause lesion which is very painful and ulcerated. The disease is quite common like a fever in the province of Balochistan Pakistan due to the neighboring border of Afghanistan where the travelers and refugees migrate and transfer this disease into this area of Pakistan. The purpose of our study is to find out the cases and the intensity of disease in different areas of Balochistan. A study was conducted at the rural health centers in areas such as Winder, Uthal, and Lasbela in the province of Balochistan Pakistan. Where fifty patients from each area were diagnosed by sampling their lesions after taking their consent-on-consent form. From the above study, it was observed that the Cutaneous leishmaniasis was dominant in all three areas of Balochistan because its hot weather is likely to be suitable for the growth of parasite-holding sandflies. Most of the patients were male with multiple lesions and aged between 11-40 years who work in fields. No proper treatment is seriously available, desperately poor patients must face this infectious disease as their daily routine. The frequency of Cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasing to its full ultimate due to less awareness and being deprived of the proper treatment, and lack of preventive measures. To overwhelm the situation some emergency steps should be taken for this common neglected disease.
Status of Suleman Markhor (Capra falconeri Jerdoni) in Ziarat National Park, Balochistan to Identify its Negative Incentive Along with Conservation Measures
Authors: Sadia Jaffar  , Nosheen Rafiq  , Jafar Ali Baloch  , Muhammad Naseem Jaffar  , Hina Ali Ahmed  , Tahir Habib  , Syeed Inamullah  , Kiran Aslam  , Ehsan Ullah Jaffar  , Hasil Khan Baloch  , Sundas Tariq  , Muhammed Niaz Khan Kakar
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT:

The present study  was conducted to investigate the population growth pattern, population status examination of negative elements that decreased their population and formation of positive actions for conservation of Suleman markhor "(Capra falconeri jerdoni) ? in Ziarat National Park. The data in present work was assembled undeviatingly through occasional survey and meetings from the forest department, from the local community and wildlife department.   Results showed that the number of Suleman markhor based on actual sighting is moderately subsidence as compared to those reported in 2017 by IUCN Pakistan. Density decreased due to climatic factors environmental factors, rise in hunting, food absence and drought. Thus it is recommended that taxonomic status persistence the flora and fauna of Ziarat park inference the wildlife rules against over hunting, conduction of surveys, proper vaccinations of animals, habitat hotbeds, dispersal species through GIS maps, investigation of genetic makeup through crossing different spices of others goats are mandatory for unusually unique species of Markhor in Ziarat National park, that is need of zoological point of view.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Raw and Packed Milk from the Areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad: A comparative study
Authors: Hafsa Anwar  , Shazia Iqbal  , Ashif Sajjad  , Hamid Ullah  , Abida Farooqi  , Benish Asif
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Milk is a complex of biomolecules and is a good source of proteins, fats, sugars, vitamins and minerals. Various types of milk available in the market are solid and liquid milk. Solid milk is available in the form of formula milk and liquid milk is raw and packed milk (branded milk) like GM1, OL2, Dp3, T4, H5, Mp6, DO7 and N8. Milk having different additive components like “micronutrients, vitamin and minerals” play a vital role in our daily life therefore it is by kids, adults and elders all over the world. The chemical composition of raw milk not only focuses on its components, but also the treatment, in the case of quality of the raw materials, packing, storage and conditions are very important. Cow milk is one of the major resources contaminated with different heavy metal atoms. Different samples of milk (raw and packed) were collected from diverse zone of Islamabad. The packed milk like GM1, OL2, Dp3, T4, H5, Mp6, DO7 and N8 were collected from different shops of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Result showed the presence of different types of heavy metals in milk samples. The level of zinc in the raw milk samples was high in the Islamabad city as compared to Rawalpindi. The sequence of heavy metals present in fresh milk were detected as Zn> Cu> Cr> Pb and Cu. In packed milk, level of Chromium was different across the world.
Milk Adulterants in Quetta: A Threat to Public Health
Authors: Muhammad Arif Hafiz , Rashid Nadeem , Rafeeq Majid , Shafee Muhammad , Khan Allaudin , Mohammad Younus  , Mushtaq Mohammad  , Naimat Ullah Khan
Published: November 2022

Milk a natural rich lacteal secretion that provides all essential nutrients required by body. This study was designed to detect milk adulterants alongwth various physiochemical factors in milk sold in Quetta market. A total of 120 raw milk samples were collected hygienically and subjected to milk adulteration Kit (UVAS Lahore).  Results revealed that overall, 11.66 % samples revealed adulteration with any single chemical adulterant. Water and powdered milk were the major adulterants found almost in all samples. On towns basis Zarghoon town samples were more adulterated (18%) than Chiltan Town samples (5%). Other parameters such as, Electrical Conductivity, pH, Fat percentage, Total Solids and Solid Not Fat were observed below than normal values in most of the samples. Adulterants like Urea, Hydrogen Peroxide, Sorbitol, Boric acid, Quaternary Ammonium Compound, Carbonate, Soap and Alcohol were not detected in any sample. However, Sodium chloride (1.66 %), Formalin (3.33 %), Hypochlorite (2.5 %), Starch (2.5 %) and sugar (4.16 %) were detected.

This study explores the potential health hazard due to adulterated milk sold in retail outlets in Quetta market. There is dire need of regular monitoring of milk and its products by concerned food authority.  These findings will help to build a concrete strategy to curtail this problem and improve the life standards of people.
A Review of COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Zohaib Raja  , Attaullah Jaffar
Published: November 2022

The outburst of the corona virus is new to the world however this disastrous virus had been between us since 1960s till 2019 when it was considered to only cause respiratory disease however since its pandemic the scientists focused more on this virus and new research is being conducted to know more about it. Int this review article we focused on knowledge or research that is already present including the background of the virus and its pathogenicity along with its history, epidemiology, way of infection, clinical symptoms of the disease how to diagnose it and use of medicines to overcome the disease as well as preventive measures to avoid being infected with the virus.
Epidermolytic Ichthyosis Sine Epidermolysis–A Case Report and Molecular Analysis
Authors: Phusuphitchayanan Phanitchanat , Sooksamran Apasee , Supsrisunjai Chavalit
Published: November 2022

Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a rare genodermatosis disorder. We report a 39-year-old woman with EI, who presented with generalized erythroderma since birth, followed by generalized hyperkeratosis later in life. The physical examination revealed generalized hyperkeratosis without blistering or erosion. The histopathological studies revealed hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia, without significant epidermolysis. The Sanger sequencing revealed a missense mutation—c.467G>A (p.Arg156His)—in the KRT10 gene, confirming the diagnosis of EI. The genotype-phenotype correlations in EI patients are multifactorial. Thus, molecular analysis can confirm the diagnosis in cases of an unclear medical history or histological inconclusiveness.
Patrimonio cultural inmaterial y extractivismo institucionalizado. La declaratoria del semidesierto queretano
Authors: Vázquez Estrada Alejandro , Morales Montes de Oca Luz del Carmen
Published: November 2022

La inscripción en la UNESCO de la expresión “Lugares de memoria y tradiciones vivas de los pueblos otomí-chichimecas de Tolimán; la Peña de Bernal, guardiana de un territorio sagrado”, está cumpliendo diez años y es de nuestro interés construir una visión crítica desde dos categorías que reflejan sus múltiples contradicciones: patrimonio y extractivismo. El objetivo general es mostrar la manera como las declaratorias de la UNESCO se convierten en formas de extractivismo institucionalizado que en pro de la salvaguardia y conservación de la memoria y la cultura generan procesos extensivos e intensivos de extracción. Para ello exponemos los resultados de la investigación realizada del 2019-2020 para la elaboración del Plan de salvaguardia del semidesierto queretano, y como análisis situado mostramos el caso del pueblo de San Sebastián de Bernal, municipio de Ezequiel Montes. Cerramos haciendo un llamado de alerta a los grupos portadores de la cultura apelando a su protagonismo histórico para preservar sus expresiones culturales, ya sea desde la defensa del territorio o desde sus propias iniciativas comunitarias, locales, y de autogestión.
Adaptation of the Educational Program "Drawing and Painting" under the Martial Law Conditions
Authors: Lopukhova Svitlana
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to substantiate and reveal the innovations of the pedagogical approach to teaching the course "Drawing and painting", which became a quick reaction to changes in social reality due to the invasion of the russian federation in Ukraine. To continue the educational process, the educational program was updated and adapted to the extreme conditions of wartime by the author of the article. The article examines the reasons for the updated teaching methodology and the results of innovations. The research methodology. The empirical method and the method of pedagogical experiment, as well as analysis and synthesis, are used in the process of working on the article. The results of the updated method of teaching drawing and painting based on the analysis of social reality and the generalization of psychological advice regarding the behavior and mental health of the civilian population are outlined. The scientific novelty of the study is to record the experience of implementing the program of the course "Drawing and Painting", adapted to the conditions of the martial law. The specific connections of psychological and practical problems, which are faced by teachers and students on a large scale today, are considered. The effectiveness of the new structuring of the educational program in the conditions of the fundamental transformation of classes to the online format has been established. Conclusions. Continuation of the educational process during periods of social cataclysms, even such as war, is the duty of both scientific and pedagogical workers and students of higher education. However, the stressful situation forces us to look for new forms of interaction between the teacher and the student. Accordingly, the educational program "Drawing and painting" was adjusted – full-scale academic productions were replaced by a set of more independent creative tasks that do not require constant contact of the student with the teacher in the classroom.The aim of the updated online course is to master various means of visual presentation of student’s ideas, to study all stages of work, from the concept of the work to the selection of the composition’s format and the creation of an original and expressive graphic image. The updated course is focused on developing the ability to move beyond stereotypical associations and work with a wide range of images. The conducted pedagogical experiment allows us to assert that the individualized process of performing creative tasks within sufficiently broad thematic boundaries contributes to the development of creative analytical thinking, activates the creative abilities of students and forms an intellectual approach to learning, motivation and professional values.