bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascular Effects of Avocado Seed Glycosides during Diabetes-induced Endothelial Damage
Authors: Amadi Peter U. , Agomuo Emmanuel N. , Adumekwe Chiamaka
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives:

The relationship between vascular damage and diabetes
mellitus was exploited using avocado seed extracts. The purpose of the study was to understand the
therapeutic relevance of glycosides compared to standard vascular and anti-diabetic drugs.
Constituent Avocado Seed Glycosides (ASG) were analysed and administered to rats with
Diabetes-Induced Vascular Damage (DIVD).

Methods:

The rats were first administered with streptozotocin and screened after seven days for
alterations in blood glucose, insulin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), Von Willebrand
factor (VWF), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAS), eNOx, and endothelin-1 (ET-1).
Only rats that satisfied these criteria were recruited and treated with either glibenclamide, met.su +
losart, or 200 mg/kg body weight ASG for 28 days.

Results:

There was an abundance of digitoxin (13.41 mg/100g), digoxin (17.98 mg/100g),
avicularin (165.85 mg/100g), and hyperoside (282.51 mg/100g). ASG or met.su + losart exhibited
slight modulatory properties on glucose homeostasis. Rats with DIVD showed elevated renin,
angiotensin, VCAM-1 and Lp-PLA2 levels but slightly decreased with glibenclamide treatment and
normalized with ASG or met.su + losart administration. All treatments normalized Hcy levels.
DIVD caused the overproduction of CnT, LDH, Crt-K, LDL-c, TG, and TC and suppressed HDL-c
but was completely normalized by the ASG. Water intake remained altered in treated rats.

Conclusion:

The ASG had no relevant effect on glucose homeostasis during DIVD but showed
significant vasoprotective properties.
Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Properties of the β-caryophyllene in Swiss Mice: Involvement of Benzodiazepine-GABAAergic, Serotonergic and Nitrergic Systems
Authors: da Silva Oliveira George L. , da Silva José C. Correia L. , dos Santos C. L da Silva Ana P. , Feitosa Chistiane M. , de Castro Almeida Fernanda R.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Central nervous system disorders such as anxiety, depression and epilepsy are characterized by sharing several
molecular mechanisms in common and the involvement of the L-arginine/NO pathway in neurobehavioral studies with β-caryophyllene is
still little discussed.

Objectives:

One of the objectives of the present study was to demonstrate the anxiolytic behavioral effect of β-caryophyllene (β-CBP) in
female Swiss mice, as well as to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the results obtained.

Methods:

This study evaluated the neurobehavioral effects of β-CBP using the open field test, rota-rod test, elevated plus maze test, novelty
suppressed feeding test, tail suspension test and forced swim test, as well as pilocarpine, pentylenetetrazole and isoniazid-induced epileptic
seizure models.

Results::

The results demonstrated that the neuropharmacological activities of β-CBP may involve benzodiazepine/GABAergic receptors,
since the pre-treatment of β-CBP (200 mg/kg) associated with flumazenil (5 mg/kg, benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) and bicuculline (1
mg/kg, selective GABAA receptor antagonist) reestablished the anxiety parameters in the elevated plus-maze test, as well as the results of
reduced latency to consume food in the novelty suppressed feeding test. In addition to benzodiazepine/GABAergic receptors, the
neuropharmacological properties of β-CBP may be related to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, since pre-treatment with L-arginine (500-
750 mg/kg) reversed significantly the anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities of β-CBP.

Conclusion:

The results obtained provide additional support in understanding the neuromolecular mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic,
antidepressant and anticonvulsive properties of β-CBP in female Swiss mice.
Analysis of Cell Fraction of 99mTc-HMPAO Radiolabeled Leukocytes
Authors: Kim Eun-Mi , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Lim Seok-Tae , Sohn Myung-Hee
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

99mTc-HMPAO radiolabeled autologous leukocyte scintigraphy is routinely used
clinically for infection imaging. Leukocytes are mostly separated via sedimentation. It is unknown
whether leukocytes are clearly separated by sedimentation or selectively labeled. Therefore, in this
study, the blood cell numbers were investigated after leukocyte radiolabeling to identify the cells
strongly radiolabeled by 99mTc-HMPAO.

Methods:

This study was performed with leftover blood samples of the patients who underwent
99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy at Chonbuk National University Hospital (2018-2019). The blood of 22
patients was drawn for 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy. WBCs were separated via conventional sedimentation
at our clinic and radiolabeled. The concentration of cell components was determined using an
automatic hematology analyzer. The cells in the final sample injectate sample were separated using
Histopaque and counted with a dose calibrator.

Results:

The average numbers of RBCs, WBCs, and PLTs in the final injection sample were 79 ± 33,
23.26 ± 11.95, and 229.5 ± 206.57 x 103/μL, respectively. The PLT number was almost 10-fold the
number of WBCs. The number of RBCs was nearly 3-fold higher than WBCs [RBC/WBC ratio = 4.67
± 3.58, and PLT/WBC ratio = 10.65 ± 12.46]. Following Histopaque separation, the activity of each
layer showed 99mTc-HMPAO labeling of WBC > RBC > PLT in order. The total activity/cell numbers
of WBCs, RBCs and PLTs were 0.016 ± 0.010, 0.005 ± 0.005 and 0.003 ± 0.002, respectively
(p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Although the numbers of RBCs and PLTs were highly increased after sedimentation, their
individual cellular activity was lower than that of WBCs. 99mTc-HMPAO was more selective to WBCs
than RBCs or PLTs. In conclusion, a higher number of WBCs were radiolabeled compared with RBCs
and PLTs.
Etoricoxib and Herbal Adjuvant Containing Nanoparticles Incorporated Gel and Ointment Formulations for the Treatment of Human Skin Melanoma (SK-MEL-2)
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Malviya Rishabha
Published: May 2020

Aim:

The aim of study was to develop nanoparticles consisting etoricoxib with ethanolic extract of ginger rhizome (GE) and basil leaves
(BE) and evaluated against human skin cancer cells (melanoma, SK-MEL-2). Nanoparticles were further incorporated into gel and ointment and
characterized.

Material:

Concentration of extract was varied while etoricoxib remains constant in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were incorporated into gel and
ointment, prepared by using tamarind seed polysaccharide and aloe vera gel, respectively.

Result:

All the batches of nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size and were found from 924
nm (N1) to 1084 nm (N9). The loading efficiency of etoricoxib varied form 66.8 ± 0.05% (N4) to
85.1 ± 0.04% (N9), for GE 60.3 ± 0.04% (N4) to 72.1 ± 0.05% (N9), for BE 59.5 ± 0.04% (N8) to
80.5 ± 0.03% (N9). The consistency of ointment and gel was found smooth. The pH of the nanoparticles
incorporated ointment was observed 6.2 ± 0.023 (O6) to 6.2 ± 0.089 (O4), viscosity was
found as 0.70 ± 0.098 (O3) to 1.130 ± 0.092 (O1) gm/cm3, and spreadability in the range of 58.3 ±
0.062 (O2) to 66.2 ± 0.098 (O5)%. The pH of nanoparticles incorporated gel was observed 6.2 ±
0.019 (G2) to 6.2 ± 0.098 (G7), viscosity was found as 0.847 ± 0.030 (G7) to 1.130 ± 0.065
gm/cm3 (G9), with spreadability in the range of 62.5 ± 0.045% (G5) to 70.51±0.056% (G4). In
vitro cytotoxic studies showed that nanoparticles incorporated gel formulation (G1) was able to
control cell growth (SK-MEL-2).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that etoricoxib and herbal components consisting formulations were able to control human skin cancer cells.
Gender discourse analysis in Ursula K. Le Guin’s Earthsea series and its Turkish translation
Authors: Özgün Deniz
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze the Earthsea Series, written by Ursula K. Le Guin, regarding how language is used by the author and its transference in Turkish translation in terms of cultural and linguistic elements of gender. Since the series was written in 23 years, they might, within themselves, indicate a considerable amount of differences in language used. Therefore, the translation of the series might adapt those differences following the target culture’s transformation in that time shift. The source text and the target text are both examined with the Critical (Gender) Discourse Analysis approach concerning linguistic and cultural gender. The target text is also analyzed through source text adaptation in Turkish translation as well as female translation strategies. The fact that there are significant differences not only in languages of the source text and the target text but also in their cultures. Thus, this study demonstrates those significant differences in the source text and their transference in Turkish translation.
ASSESSMENT OF THE HISTORIC INTERIOR OF CARCOSA HERITAGE BUILDING, KUALA LUMPUR FOR BUILDING CONSERVATION
Authors: Harun Siti Norlizaiha , Abdul Karim Norashikin , Muhammad Afzanizam , Mohd Sood Shaari
Published: May 2020

An assessment of historic buildings, its history and conditions are essential in the study of buildings conservation. Other than architecture history and building defects, the interior scheme of building, the decorations, the building's form and space interior layout are also some significant aspects that need to be analysed in building conservation study. In current practice, the change of use of any heritage building will need approval from the National Heritage Department (NHD). The report of history and building condition is the one of the main documents needed to be submitted for the approval process. The main objective of this research is to analyse the buildings based on the original materials, form, function, decoration, and layout. The methods used for this research include in depth building investigation, analysis, and interpretation; backed up by measured drawing and historical assessment. The analysis involved the mapping of original and existing spaces and then analysed the unique characters of the interior using a series of photos categorised based on time or dates of the photos. From this analysis, the authenticity of the space can be identified and recommendations on better usage of spaces of these historic buildings can be proposed to the National Heritage Department.
HERITAGE IDENTITY CONSERVATION OF THE WOODCARVING PLACEMENT AND DESIGN COMPOSITION TYPOLOGIES ON JOHOR MALAY HOUSES
Authors: Yusof Hanita , Ibrahim Fawazul Khair , Raja Shahminan Raja Nafida
Published: May 2020

Woodcarving is a distinct heritage that can promote the identity of a region. However, current practices of using the design composition and woodcarving placement which do not belong to the local region pose a threat to the identity and authenticity of the original heritage. If such practices continue and the identity of the local heritage is not preserved and recorded, the traditional designs and local identity will eventually be lost. The objective of this paper is to identify the placements of woodcarving and the typology of design compositions of woodcarving which form the identity of the Johor Malay houses. Site visits were conducted to Limas Johor in which the wood carvings of 50 houses were examined, photographed and documented. Interviews were also conducted with the house owners or occupants, and the wood carvers. The samples were analyzed and the results were verified by experts. A total of 10 woodcarving placements and 23 typologies were discovered, drawn and coded. The findings of this research suggest that the typology combination of JT2-P5+KT7 of woodcarving represents the identity of Limas Johor houses. It is hoped that this study can bring recognition to Johor woodcarvings, contribute valuable guides for woodcarvers to apply these typologies into their future works to sustain and cherish the Johor local identity.
THE TYPOLOGY OF RUMAH LIMAS BUMBUNG PERAK (RLBP)
Authors: Abdul Halim Choo Iryani , Abdul Rashid Mohd. Sabrizaa , Jamaluddin Nazrul Helmy
Published: May 2020

One of the treasured heritages of Perak is the traditional house of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP). With the current wave of rapid development and the other contributing factors, RLBP is threatened with extinction. Besides, the lack of research and documentation effort has made this threat worsen. The objective of this research is to analyze the typology and classify the style of RLBP throughout the state of Perak. The research is conducted using the on-site field survey where the data was collected through observation. An overall of 260 RLBP houses has been analyzed using typological analysis. The research findings have identified an overall of 5 styles of RLBP, namely, Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Utara (RLBPGU), Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Perak (RLBPGP), Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Kembar (RLBPAK), Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Agam (RLBPA) and Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Selatan (RLBPGS). The findings of this research contribute towards the understanding of identity and the enhancement of architectural theory from the perspective of architectural typology and evolution of the traditional Malay house architecture, especially in Perak.
ACTIVE FIRE SAFETY MEASURES IN THE HERITAGE TIMBER BUILDINGS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Salleh Nurul Hamiruddin , Mohtar Muhammad Alif Wajdi
Published: May 2020

Malaysia has a significant amount of heritage timber buildings located in every part of the country. The buildings symbolised the origin of the country’s vernacular architectural style as well as the historical representation of the local community culture and its surrounding context. However, due to the combustible nature of timber, these heritage timber buildings are highly exposed to the risks of fire. Currently, there are no proper fire safety guidelines specifically for heritage buildings which can act as a good reference for the building owners or conservators in safeguarding the heritage buildings. The purpose of this study is to identify existing active fire safety measures in selected heritage timber buildings in Malaysia. The study was conducted through literature findings and observation of four selected heritage timber buildings. The study had identified that all four heritage timber buildings were equipped with very basic active fire safety measures.
RISK COST ANALYSIS IN MALAY HERITAGE CONSERVATION PROJECT
Authors: Mohd Nawi Nurul Hadirah , Che Haron Roziha , Kamarudin Zumahiran
Published: May 2020

Risks in conservation projects are believed to be different from risks in new building projects. There are different methods and processes that need to be adopted in order to handle a conservation heritage project. Heritage projects form a valuable inheritance with sentimental values that tell a certain history, culture or tradition which needs to be preserved. Nevertheless, many have reported that conservation projects frequently suffer failures in meeting the delivery goals of time, quality and budget, which lead to contractual disputes during the postcontract stages of a conservation project. Conservation work is riskier due to the inclusion of many activities such as preservation, restoration, and refurbishment. Thus, this research aims to identify the risk cost analysis in carrying out conservation projects through conducting semi-structured interviews and using the survey research method. The objectives are to highlight the importance of conserving Malay heritage and identify risk affecting cost of conserving heritage buildings. This research applied strategy survey through semi-structured interview and questionnaire survey. It was found that project risk consists of hidden works and uncertainties is the highest among other risk categories. The outcome of this research is considered to be significant and relevant as it contributes towards the conservation sector by minimising the risk of cost analysis taken on conservation projects by the project team involved.
IDENTIFYING THE PARAMETERS OF THE MALAY CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Raja Abdul Kadir Tengku Anis Qarihah , Jahn Kassim Puteri Shireen , Abdul Latif Nurul Syala , Md Shariff Harlina
Published: May 2020

As modernization and urbanization grow, there has been a rising interest in townships with historical elements in their urban landscape. The identification and classification of Malay architectural language are crucial to architects seeking to instill history and culture into the new design. The paper traced the characterizations of classicality in Malay architecture through a thorough study of palaces and aristocrat buildings in Malaysia. Morphological analysis of 50 case studies was mapped but only six palaces from different sites and eras were marked as samples in this paper. The focus of the study not only on their origins, typology, history, and stylistic characters but also on the proportions and elemental attributes of the frontal façade. These case studies were selected as sentinels or samples of successive evolutionary phases in classical Malay architecture which had a huge gap and carried different historical evolutions. It was argued that while the earlier palaces reflected all Malay style attributes, the later expression reflected the cultural pressure of globalization via colonialism diffused from colonial institutions. The study extracted the five parameters of the Malay classical architecture, whereby it was found that even under such pressure, certain features were still maintained to root the identity of the Malays and later developed as new city urbanscape.
A GENERIC PROCESS OF DOCUMENTATION AND DATA MANAGEMENT FOR HISTORICAL MALAY ARCHITECTURE USING BIM
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Hadi , Ali Maisarah , HasYun Hashim Khairusy Syakirin , Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad Saifulnizam
Published: May 2020

Historical Malay Building Information Modelling (HMBIM) is a prototype library of historical Malay BIM objects, which are developed based on historical study on the architecture of Malay heritage. The objective of this paper is to outline a generic process of documentation and data management (data collection, modelling and retrieval using BIM), specific for the preservation and conservation effort of Malay architecture. This research employs multiple case studies technique and the process begins with the collection of data using multiple reliable sources namely archival reports, measured drawings and scan-to-BIM. HMBIM is enriched using reverse engineering approach where the information about building components are semantically identified according to Malay architecture characteristics and enriched into data coding system. Since there is no standard approach for conservators in the work of conservation, assembly and disassembly of Malay buildings in Malaysia, HMBIM is anticipated to be able to suggest ‘standard’ for the work. The main output for this paper is the creation of framework in demonstrating the processes involved.
3D GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE IN ANALYSING THE MALAY HERITAGE BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Afiq Aiman , Mohd Noor Norzailawati , Abdullah Alias , Ali Maisarah , Mustafa Muhammad Hadi
Published: May 2020

Malay buildings are synonym with the unique design of full decorative on motive, unique façade design, and roof structured. Most of heritage buildings had been demolished and left out without proper documentation and preserving the building database. Latest mapping systems provide an efficient technique for acquiring dense point clouds in analysing the building structure. This paper aim to explore on the technique acquiring the data for distribution and the façade of building with the Malay architecture design using the laser scanning. Data acquisition was taken for two sites which are Kota Bharu, Kelantan and Alor Setar, Kedah with two different techniques were applied for data collection which are TLS and MLS method. Both methods had succeed in capturing the detail of the features and building in the study area in point cloud form and the analysis of the data was able to analysed on the classification and identification of the Malay building elements and features which still preserved Malay design at the facade and roof element in the study area. As the final results and findings, there were big gaps between the building which still preserved the Malay design in the study area where Kota Bharu recorded 71 units building meanwhile Alor Setar only 15 buildings. The results showed that, most of the Traditional Malay building still being preserved in Kota Bharu compared to Alor Setar.
TOWNSCAPE APPRAISAL AND CONTRIBUTION OF PHYSICAL FEATURES TOWARDS THE CHARACTER OF IPOH OLD TOWN
Authors: Mohd Lazim Fairuz Syahidah , Said Shahrul Yani
Published: May 2020

Urban character refers to the combination of elements that constitute a town. Ipoh is one of the colonial towns that portrays the character of an old town, where physical heritage elements within its historic area remain intact. However, Ipoh is now developed with many new modern developments and this impacted the physical features of the old city. This paper explores the character of the historic buildings in the old part of Ipoh through townscape appraisal and urban morphology focusing on the building plot. Besides, the study aimed to evaluate the changes in urban fabric following the changes that occurred to the old and historic buildings in Ipoh. The study revealed that rapid urbanisation and changes in urban form resulted in the diverse change of urban characters of Ipoh Old Town. An important contribution can be made to the conservation and management of urban built heritage in Ipoh Old Town, on the one hand, explaining the typologies and evolution of heritage buildings as part of important urban elements could improve the understanding about the building issues so that best conservation practices are suggested.
ANALYSIS ON THE SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES OF THE TRADITIONAL MALAY HOUSES COMPOUND
Authors: Ibrahim Illyani , Roslee Noranisa , Abdullah Alias , Ibrahim Mansor , N Murtaza Fatin Farhana
Published: May 2020

The Malay traditional environment is the interaction between human, natural environment, and culture, which is then translated into the spatial design of houses and their surroundings. However, rapid urbanisation has transformed many traditional villages by incorporating urban elements into the villages. This study focuses on understanding the existence of the socio-cultural values of a traditional Malay house compound in Kampung Paya Rumput Jaya, Melaka. The objective of this study is to identify the Malay socio-cultural values and the spatial arrangement of the traditional Malay house compound. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, a mapping analysis (site inventory), and a thematic/content analysis (interviews). The findings indicate that the community in the villages are still upholding the Malay traditional socio-cultural values. Future design of a house compound should incorporate the characterisation of a traditional Malay houses compound for maintaining at least part of the Malay traditional socio-cultural values.
THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MALAY TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT
Authors: Hassan Nur ‘Adilah , Harun Nor Zalina , Abdullah Alias
Published: May 2020

Good practices of traditional settlement’s preservation allow all actors to engage and explore what makes a self-sustaining settlement by the locals. This study aims to identify the values of social capital that have influenced the social capital sustainability in Malay traditional settlement. For this purpose, semi-structured interview and non-participant observation were performed on Pulau Duyong, Terengganu as the selected Malay traditional settlement. The findings from this study revealed that the sustainability of social capital in the study area was achieved through a well-planned development with the involvement of the community, non-governmental organizations and authority as well as the integration and collective actions among the actors. The contribution of this study resides in the capacity to provide a useful guide for future social capital sustainability developments in a place with high heritage values.
STUDIES ON THE CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN MALACCA CITY
Authors: Rosehan Nur Shazwanie , Abas Azlan , Aiyub Kadaruddin
Published: May 2020

The benefits from ecosystem services have the prospective and potential to improve the Malay urban design and increase the quality of life. However, rapid development and urbanization activities are increasingly causing a conversion from the original functions and changes that can affect the urban environment. This paper aims to update current understanding of the concept of Malay cultural ecosystem services in Malacca City. Quantitative research through the survey method to 150 Malay respondents have been carried out in order to identify the parameters describing the types and value of the Malay cultural ecosystem services in the city context. The result revealed aesthetic value, recreational, tourism, social relations, spiritual and educational as the most significance parameters of the Malay cultural ecosystem services. The paper concluded that only through good practices from all parties can reduce the incredible development effects as political, economic and social systems is inevitable and constantly generates new demand.
ENLIVENING THE MOSQUE AS A PUBLIC SPACE FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADITIONAL MALAY SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Jaffar Najiha , Harun Nor Zalina , Abdullah Alias
Published: May 2020

Public spaces are vital elements of settlement fabrics that animate communities together in one place. Nevertheless, most public places are used for recreational purposes only without building on communal activities, especially in religious aspects. Therefore, to achieve robust social sustainability, this study aims to identify the key indicators for ensuring social sustainability of traditional settlements’ public spaces. This study explores the typologies of public spaces found in traditional settlements that fill the needs of the local community. A mixed methodology was used to map and observe the public spaces and the communal activities held in two traditional Malay settlements in Kuala Terengganu. The bulk of the data were randomly collected from 400 residents by using a questionnaire survey to identify the most relevant factors that influence social sustainability. The results show that mosques have been listed as the highest preference of public space in the two sampled settlements. The study outlines three key qualities that lead the community to choose the mosque as the most important public space: 1) convenient access, 2) comfortable and clean, and 3) social aspects. This paper concludes on how these findings contribute to the improvement of quality of life, social interaction and social cohesion to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally.
READAPTATION OF MALAY VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT IN MODERN MASJIDS TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Authors: Mohd Nawayai Siti Salwana , Denan Zuraini , Abdul Majid Noor Hanita
Published: May 2020

The earlier masjid architectural styles were similar to Malay vernacular houses and evolved with the introduction of the modernist style. This resulted in increased energy consumption. Hence, a proper set of thermal comfort is important to provide a suitable environment for the masjid’s occupants. The vernacular characteristics in the passive designs have caused designers to find solutions towards sustainable designs. Therefore, designing a good thermal performance building can be done by readapting the Malay vernacular architecture and passive design strategies for modern masjids. This paper is aimed to document the literature and potential case studies in identifying the relationship between the design of Malay vernacular and thermal comfort elements in a hot and humid climate. The outcome is to formularize requirements of thermal comfort in Malay vernacular masjids based on four major factors namely i) architectural qualities, ii) construction systems, iii) structural components and iv) non-structural components. The research is intended to change the approach of future designers to become more sustainable based on the application of passive designs that suit the climatic condition of Malaysia.
THE ORIENTATION SETTING OF BUILDINGS IN THE TRADITIONAL MALAY SETTLEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KG SERI TANJUNG, SUNGAI UDANG, MELAKA
Authors: N Murtaza Fatin Farhana , Ibrahim Illyani , Abdullah Alias
Published: May 2020

The orientation of buildings is one of the factors that define the characteristics and pattern of a settlement. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the orientation setting of the buildings in one of the gazetted traditional Malay settlements in Melaka, namely Kg Seri Tanjung, which has been listed as Heritage Village in Melaka State Structure Plan 2035. The objective of this research is to identify the orientation setting of the built-up areas and analyse the factors of the orientation of the built up. This research has used the drone technology to identify the orientation setting of each built up in the settlements, which is also supported by the ground survey to confirm the social interactions among the settlers. The findings indicate that the orientation of a building is influenced by the geographical factors and distribution of houses that depends on the family ties among the dwellers. It is identified that the geographical factors and relationship among the neighbours are highly related to the orientation of the buildings, which is also contributed by the factors of orientation of the buildings towards the natural environment, road, qiblat and its adjacent buildings. This analysis highlights and acknowledges some potential values in the traditional Malay settlement settings that can be used as a reference for the preservation of the characters of the future traditional settlement. The findings of this study are also a part of the urban design principles of the traditional Malay settlement that is important to preserve the identity of Malay in future development.
THE ATTRIBUTES OF ‘PAPAN MELEH’ - ROOF EAVES DECORATION IN BAITUL RAHMAH (KUALA KANGSAR, PERAK, MALAYSIA) WITH THE HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (HBIM) APPLICATION
Authors: Samsudin Abu Dzar , Zainal Abidin Norzalifa , Abdullah Alias , Ali Maisarah
Published: May 2020

Malay building decoration components had been one of the essential elements in Traditional Malay Architecture. This study aims to look in-depth into the process of inputting the attributes data of “Papan Meleh” or roof eaves decoration in Baitul Rahmah building located in Kuala Kangsar using the HBIM application. The method of study for this paper involves three processes, which are the data collection, data process and data fusion. The findings in this study reveal that the data collection from Heritage study report is insufficient in describing the attributes of the roof eaves decoration. The data collection process involves the collection of primary data from the literature review, and secondary data from the heritage report. The secondary data have its limitation in describing the attributes of “Papan Meleh”. Thus, the data process phase is done to correlate the primary and secondary data in finding its generic attributes and remodelling the 2- Dimensional (2D) into 3-Dimensional (3D) model using the HBIM software. The attributes are divided into tangible and intangible data of “Papan Meleh”. After both 3D models of Papan Meleh and its generic attributes are done, both data are fused again through the HBIM software and a complete HBIM model is created.
STREET NETWORK DESIGN, PATTERN AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR MALAYSIAN LOCAL TOWN
Authors: Wan Mohamad Wan Saiful Nizam , Said Ismail , Hassan Khalilah , Che Mohd Nasir Siti Nurathirah , Mohd Nasir Mohammad Rusdi , Lokman Nor Iza Syazwani
Published: May 2020

A large number of local towns with compare to another type of town in Malaysia notifying the variety which required further identification to highlight a standard in planning on this town category. Hence, this paper aims to define the basic criteria for street network of Malaysia's local town. Pasir Puteh, Baling, Rembau and Pontian were selected based on the diversity of the street network structure develop from beginning to the modern era. The towns were mapped using land use data. This study employed comparative analysis to assess similarity and differences on the principles and term of street network system. The finding suggests that local towns founded before independence retain the historical value of the street system built by the colonizer and new zone of local town is to serve the community rather than the administration. Thus, the research on how street network in local town influence vehicle or pedestrian movement is recommended.
IMAGE AND IDENTITY OF MALAY ROYAL TOWN IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ismail Puteri Sharina , Adam Mastura
Published: May 2020

The Malay Royal towns in Malaysia are typically the location for the royal administrative district. The history for these royal town’s ties back to the Malay Royal Institution. Unfortunately, some towns are slowly threatened. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the town’s unique character that shapes its image and identity intending to identify the attributes and how the people perceived them. The study adopts the case study research approach with the use of multiple sources of evidence which involved the convenience sampling method of the local people in the Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar, and Pekan. The finding shows that the royal town’s preservation should include both tangible and intangible characters such as historical buildings, historical stories, and cultural events to support the identity of the place.
THE VARIANTS AND MEANINGS OF MALAY MOTIF ORNAMENTATION IN THE URBAN CONTEXT: A CASE STUDY OF PUTRAJAYA
Authors: Kamarudin Zumahiran , Jahn Kassim Puteri Shireen , Abdullah Alias
Published: May 2020

As Malaysia’s new satellite city, types of Malay motif and meanings in Putrajaya have been abstracted and used as design motifs and ornamentation for the quest of local identity. However, it is uncertain whether the placement of such components, which is sometimes difficult to comprehend, gives the premises a sense of identity. Therefore, this study aims to identify the variants, meanings and applications of these motifs in the ornamentation of public buildings in the urban context leading to its character and identity formation. The researchers had conducted on-site surveys and photographic documentation, and semi-structured interviews for data collection. Using Putrajaya as a case study, a visual descriptive and interpretative analyses was undertaken to analyse the underlying basis in terms of various plants from natural surrounding and transformations into the new depiction of motifs. The analyses revealed two distinctive types of Malay motifs depictions found in the building components with the tangible and intangible qualities that articulate their compositional order. The Malay urban character involves the depictions of abstract motifs incorporating local Malay cultural elements. Plant-based motifs dominate the ornamentation, which have its meaning and characteristics. The physical and practical nomenclatures of the motifs are indicators of continuity of tradition in the urban buildings. Further research is necessary to investigate the people’s perception of these abstracted motifs as ornamentation in the interior and exterior spaces of the public buildings.
ANALYSING COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ON INCENTIVE STRATEGIES IN SAFEGUARDING A MALAY HERITAGE VILLAGE: THE CASE OF KAMPUNG MORTEN, MELAKA
Authors: Mat Radzua Indera Syahrul , Ahmad Yahaya
Published: May 2020

Over-commercialism and the threats posed by uncontrolled development have slowly been eroding the cultural heritage stock, especially in the case of the traditional settlements. This paper reveals the community perceptions and feedbacks on the incentives given in safeguarding the uniqueness of a Malay heritage village known as Kampung Morten in Melaka. This study set out to determine the overarching question, which was, whether the incentive programmes formulated for the community have been found to be suitable to the aspirations and ‘real’ needs of the local communities. Mixed method approaches were used in this study which included document reviews, observations, structured interviews and a questionnaire survey; and involved the residents living in the village. This study evaluates the findings concerning the present policy framework, for understanding and managing the cultural heritage incentives programme in safeguarding the heritage village to establish a sustainable community. This paper has been able to reveal several issues on the conservation incentives policy, most notably of which is the incompatibility of the local communities’ needs with the programme outcomes.
THE DERIVATION OF URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN MALAY-ISLAMIC TOWN OF KUALA TERENGGANU
Authors: Abdul Latip Nurul Syala , Harun Nor Zalina , Abdullah Alias , Ibrahim Mansor
Published: May 2020

Islam took root in the Malay Sultanate kingdom when trade flourished through the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. Islamic teaching was accepted by the locals and Islam became the country’s official religion. Islam has been assimilated in the way of life of the Malays, including the physical built environment of its cities. However, after colonisation, many of the Malay town structure had changed tremendously following the western planning. Remnants of the Malay-Islamic state footprint can still be traced in the town of Kuala Terengganu. This paper aims to establish the urban design principles influenced by the Islamic values which are embedded in and characterised in Kuala Terengganu. Employing a qualitative method, secondary and primary data (observation using photography) were collected. Content analysis were conducted on the observation data, archival documents, historical literatures and morphological study on Kuala Terengganu Town and triangulated with the literature on principles gathered from the characteristic of Islamic cities. The findings revealed that Kuala Terengganu has similar characteristics to other Islamic cities however it is translated in the local context. The comparison revealed fifteen Urban Design principles related to the Malay-Islamic Town of Kuala Terengganu that are well-assimilated and embedded within the local culture, geography and climate for the reference of future city planners.
Haptic Nudges Increase Affected Upper Limb Movement During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Multiple-Period Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Signal Nada Elizabeth June , McLaren Ruth , Rashid Usman , Vandal Alain , King Marcus , Almesfer Faisal , Henderson Jeanette , Taylor Denise
Published: May 2020

Background

As many as 80% of stroke survivors experience upper limb (UL) disability. The strong relationships between disability, lost productivity, and ongoing health care costs mean reducing disability after stroke is critical at both individual and society levels. Unfortunately, the amount of UL-focused rehabilitation received by people with stroke is extremely low. Activity monitoring and promotion using wearable devices offer a potential technology-based solution to address this gap. Commonly, wearable devices are used to deliver a haptic nudge to the wearer with the aim of promoting a particular behavior. However, little is known about the effectiveness of haptic nudging in promoting behaviors in patient populations.

Objective

This study aimed to estimate the effect of haptic nudging delivered via a wrist-worn wearable device on UL movement in people with UL disability following stroke undertaking inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods

A multiple-period randomized crossover design was used to measure the association of UL movement with the occurrence of haptic nudge reminders to move the affected UL in 20 people with stroke undertaking inpatient rehabilitation. UL movement was observed and classified using movement taxonomy across 72 one-minute observation periods from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM on a single weekday. On 36 occasions, a haptic nudge to move the affected UL was provided just before the observation period. On the other 36 occasions, no haptic nudge was given. The timing of the haptic nudge was randomized across the observation period for each participant. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed logistic regression. The effect of a haptic nudge was evaluated from the intention-to-treat dataset as the ratio of the odds of affected UL movement during the observation period following a “Planned Nudge” to the odds of affected limb movement during the observation period following “No Nudge.”

Results

The primary intention-to-treat analysis showed the odds ratio (OR) of affected UL movement following a haptic nudge was 1.44 (95% CI 1.28-1.63, P<.001). The secondary analysis revealed an increased odds of affected UL movement following a Planned Nudge was predominantly due to increased odds of spontaneous affected UL movement (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.65-2.51, P<.001) rather than affected UL movement in conjunction with unaffected UL movement (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.99-1.29, P=.07).

Conclusions

Haptic nudging delivered via a wrist-worn wearable device increases affected UL movement in people with UL disability following stroke undertaking inpatient rehabilitation. The promoted movement appears to be specific to the instructions given.

Trial Registration

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12616000654459; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370687&isReview=true
Medical Student Training in eHealth: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Echelard Jean-François , Méthot François , Nguyen Hue-Anh , Pomey Marie-Pascale
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

eHealth is the use of information and communication technologies to enable and improve health and health care services. It is crucial that medical students receive adequate training in eHealth as they will work in clinical environments that are increasingly being enabled by technology. This trend is especially accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic as it complicates traditional face-to-face medical consultations and highlights the need for innovative approaches in health care.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to evaluate the extent and nature of the existing literature on medical student training in eHealth. In detail, it aims to examine what this education consists of, the barriers, enhancing factors, and propositions for improving the medical curriculum. This review focuses primarily on some key technologies such as mobile health (mHealth), the internet of things (IoT), telehealth, and artificial intelligence (AI).

METHODS

Searches were performed on 4 databases, and articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Studies had to be related to the training of medical students in eHealth. The eligibility criteria were studies published since 2014, from a peer-reviewed journal, and written in either English or French. A grid was used to extract and chart data.

RESULTS

The search resulted in 25 articles. The most studied aspect was mHealth. eHealth as a broad concept, the IoT, AI, and programming were least covered. A total of 52% (13/25) of all studies contained an intervention, mostly regarding mHealth, electronic health records, web-based medical resources, and programming. The findings included various barriers, enhancing factors, and propositions for improving the medical curriculum.

CONCLUSIONS

Trends have emerged regarding the suboptimal present state of eHealth training and barriers, enhancing factors, and propositions for optimal training. We recommend that additional studies be conducted on the following themes: barriers, enhancing factors, propositions for optimal training, competencies that medical students should acquire, learning outcomes from eHealth training, and patient care outcomes from this training. Additional studies should be conducted on eHealth and each of its aspects, especially on the IoT, AI, programming, and eHealth as a broad concept. Training in eHealth is critical to medical practice in clinical environments that are increasingly being enabled by technology. The need for innovative approaches in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic further highlights the relevance of this training.
Promoting Children’s Creativity through Drama in Education
Authors: Dai Jia
Published: May 2020

Under the background of economic globalization, human creativity and imagination are key resources in a world dominated by technological innovations. Creative talents have become the pressing needs of the country. Promoting children’s creativity has also been one of the research interests in school education. This thesis aims to research the relationship between Drama in Education and the cultivation of children’s creativity and explore the feasibility of promoting children’s creativity through DIE in English teaching. The study employs a qualitative method utilizing classroom observation method and interview method to examine the effectiveness of children’s creativity promotion in the practical English DIE class. The findings show that the main elements of drama in education are consistent with theories proposed by some of today’s best-known scholars in the area of creativity studies and the use of DIE for English teaching has helped stimulate children’s creativity.It is hoped that the findings of this thesis will have a significance in promoting children’s creativity through DIE and provide some inspiration for teachers and researchers.
Processing Characteristics, Composition, Shelf-life, and Sensory Attributes of Beef Bacon Manufactured From Seven Value-Added Cuts of Beef
Authors: Chalupa-Krebzdak Sebastian , Bohrer Ben
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different beef cuts on their potential for adding value by assessing processing characteristics, composition, shelf-life, and sensory attributes of these cuts as beef bacon. Six briskets (Institutional Meat Purchase Specification [IMPS]#120), 6 clod hearts (IMPS#114E; divided horizontally into 2 halves: silver-skin side and non–silver-skin side), 6 flanks (IMPS#193), 6 outside flats (IMPS#171B), and 7 short plates (IMPS#121A; cut into a deboned short-rib half and navel half) were sourced commercially from separate Canadian quality grade AA beef carcasses. Data for processing yields, composition, and image analysis were analyzed as a generalized linear mixed model with fixed effect of cut and random effect of replication nested within block (processing group). Sensory data collected using a trained sensory panel were analyzed in the same manner, with an additional fixed effect of storage day and additional random effects of session and panelist. Rested pump uptake, which was targeted at 20%, was not different (P = 0.21) among cuts; however, smokehouse cook yield differed (P < 0.01) among cuts, with heavier cuts (brisket, plate cuts, and outside flat) generally having greater yields compared with lighter cuts (clod cuts and flank). As expected, composition of bacon slices was affected (P < 0.01) by cut, with leaner cuts (clod cuts, flank, and outside flat) having greater moisture, lower lipid levels, and greater protein compared with fatter cuts (brisket and plate cuts). Sensory analysis revealed significant differences in muscle fiber toughness and connective tissue among cuts. The differences that were quantified in this study should allow manufacturers to tailor their cut selection to the processing specifications that may be most profitable and well-suited for the meat industry and its customer base. Overall, this research should help define beef bacon and further indicate that a variety of beef cuts can be used to manufacture beef bacon.