bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gloydius (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with description of two new alpine species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Shi Jing-Song , Liu Jin-Cheng , Giri Rohit , Owens John Benjamin , Santra Vishal , Kuttalam Sourish , Selvan Melvin , Guo Ke-Ji , Malhotra Anita
Published: October 2021

We provide a molecular phylogeny of Asian pit vipers (the genus Gloydius) based on four mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND4, and cytb). Sequences of Gloydius himalayanus, the only member of the genus that occurs south of the Himalayan range, are included for the first time. In addition, two new species of the genus Gloydius are described based on specimens collected from Zayu, Tibet, west of the Nujiang River and Heishui, Sichuan, east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The new species, Gloydius lipipengi sp. nov., can be differentiated from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: the third supralabial not reaching the orbit (separated from it by a suborbital scale); wide, black-bordered greyish postorbital stripe extending from the posterior margin of the orbit (not separated by the postoculars, covering most of the anterior temporal scale) to the ventral surface of the neck; irregular black annular crossbands on the mid-body; 23-21-15 dorsal scales; 165 ventral scales, and 46 subcaudal scales. Gloydius swildsp. nov. can be differentiated from its congeners by the narrower postorbital stripe (only half the width of the anterior temporal scale, the lower edge is approximately straight and bordered with white); a pair of arched stripes on the occiput; lateral body lakes black spots; a pair of round spots on the parietal scales; 21 rows of mid-body dorsal scales; zigzag dark brown stripes on the dorsum; 168–170 ventral scales, and 43–46 subcaudal scales. The molecular phylogeny in this study supports the sister relationship between G. lipipengisp. nov. and G. rubromaculatus, another recently described species from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, more than 500 km away, and indicate the basal position of G. himalayanus within the genus and relatively distant relationship to its congeners.
Entre le marché et la charité
Authors: Raffinot Marc
Published: October 2021

Si retracer l’histoire de la dette des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne est une gageure compte tenu de l’hétérogénéité des pays et des informations disponibles, cet article en propose une approche articulée autour de quatre principales séquences historiques. Un mode de financement public particulier d’abord, reposant sur des dons et des prêts à faible taux, fut mis en place après les indépendances. Mais le « recyclage des pétrodollars » par les banques privées conduisit à un endettement rapide. Après 1980, le financement concessionnel pris le relais sans se montrer capable d’enrayer la spirale du surendettement et, après avoir beaucoup tergiversé, les créanciers accordèrent entre 1989 et 2005 des réductions de dette de plus en plus larges. Enfin, la diversification des financements conduit à une nouvelle vague d’endettement, qui ressemble à celle des années 1980… Au point de voir l’histoire se répéter ?
Les dilemmes des armées françaises au Sahel
Authors: Colomba-Petteng Léonard
Published: October 2021

En juin 2021, le président Emmanuel Macron annonçait la transformation du dispositif engagé au Sahel. Alors que la situation sécuritaire peine à s’améliorer au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Niger, la question de la soutenabilité de la présence militaire française est posée de plus en plus frontalement au sein des administrations et dans le champ académique. En revenant sur la manière dont ce débat a été investi par les acteurs institutionnels français (officiers, diplomates, administrateurs civils, représentants politiques), l’étude met en lumière la persistance de trois dilemmes qui structurent plus largement l’ensemble des réflexions sur la politique militaire française depuis les premières heures des indépendances.
Relations sino-ivoiriennes : le ressenti et l’observé
Authors: Pairault Thierry
Published: October 2021

Cet article aborde deux travaux relatifs à la Côte d’Ivoire publiés par Afrobarometer en 2019 et 2020. Il se propose de vérifier si ce que les Ivoiriens enquêtés « ressentent » se rapproche (ou non) de ce que les données statistiques disponibles révèlent quant à la présence chinoise d’abord, mais aussi française et états-unienne, dans la mesure où ces deux dernières servaient de contrepoint à la première.
À travers l’intermédialité, le travail de l’analogie. Réflexions à partir de deux films de Yannick Bellon
Authors: Mariniello Silvestra
Published: October 2021

Inspiré par des propos de Giorgio Agamben autour de La linea e il circolo de Enzo Melandri, cet article explore la valeur euristique de l’analogie dans la pensée de l’intermédialité. Deux films de la réalisatrice française Yannick Bellon, autour du rôle du théâtre dans la vie d’une troupe de jeunes « en difficultés » constituent le terrain sur lequel la réflexion se développe. Après avoir démontré que seul le cinéma peut nous faire prendre conscience du milieu intermédial dans toute sa complexité, l’auteure aborde la relation entre l’intermédialité et l’analogie, et démontre que l’intermédialité s’inscrit en fait dans la pensée et la pratique de l’analogie avec des implications épistémologiques, éthiques et politiques importantes.
… et des poussières. Autour de Zen for Film (1962-1964…) de Nam June Paik
Authors: Habib André
Published: October 2021

Cet article propose une lecture intermédiale de l’œuvre polymorphe et polymédiatique Zen for Film (1962-1964…) de l’artiste coréen-américain Nam June Paik. En retraçant au plus près les multiples modes d’existence de l’œuvre depuis sa première présentation en 1964, et en montrant les affinités que cette dernière possède avec d’autres œuvres de l’artiste mais aussi d’autres œuvres minimalistes qui la précèdent ou lui succèdent (que ce soit 4’33’’ de John Cage, The White Paintings de Robert Rauschenberg ou encore les Pierres de Lait de Wolfgang Laib), il s’agit de montrer que Zen for Film permet de saisir un creuset de relations intermédiatiques tout à fait singulier et exemplaire (et que l’œuvre soit contemporaine de la rédaction de l’essai de Dick Higgins sur l’ Intermedia ne relève certainement pas du hasard). L’article se termine par une série de réflexions sur la poussière, élément central de Zen for Film , en proposant de considérer que les recherches intermédiales puissent se définir comme un certain art de collecter des poussières, de les arranger, de les « élever » (comme Duchamp sur son Grand Verre ) et de les mettre en lumière.
Regard intermédial sur l’imaginaire de la technique dans le cinéma de Frederick Wiseman
Authors: Besson Rémy
Published: October 2021

De la plongée dans le fonctionnement d’un pénitencier psychiatrique ( Titicut Follies , 1967) à la mairie de Boston ( City Hall , 2020), les documentaires de Frederick Wiseman sont considérés comme relevant du cinéma d’observation [ observational cinema ]. L’accent est ainsi mis sur leur capacité à donner un accès le plus direct possible à la vie des institutions américaines. L’approche intermédiale présentée dans le cadre de cet article vient contredire ce point de vue. Cela est fait en identifiant la présence d’appareils de prises de vue (appareils photographiques et caméras) professionnels et amateurs dans nombre de ces films. Ce phénomène de coprésence médiatique donne lieu à une réflexion sur l’imaginaire de la technique et, in fine , conduit à repenser la dimension politique de son œuvre.
Les obstacles à une sociologie de la formation des futurs ouvriers et employés en France
Authors: Moreau Gilles
Published: October 2021

La formation professionnelle des futurs ouvriers et employés est, en France, une réalité peu étudiée par les sociologues. Au-delà de ce constat, lié à l’inégale valeur symbolique des objets de recherche, force est de constater la difficulté à faire une sociologie d’ensemble de la formation professionnelle des futurs ouvriers et employés. Cet article tente d’en identifier les principaux obstacles : mosaïque d’institutions, sociologie scolaro-centrée, longue histoire polémique, émiettement des politiques publiques, etc.
La lutte contre le décrochage scolaire en Europe : une politique de la formation professionnelle
Authors: Bernard Pierre-Yves
Published: October 2021

Depuis Lisbonne, en 2000, l’Union européenne a recommandé dans la lutte contre les sorties précoces du système scolaire des solutions largement fondées sur la formation professionnelle. L’article interroge cette particularité, en s’appuyant sur les textes officiels et les préconisations de 1995 à 2016 : comment interpréter l’association d’un problème éducatif, le décrochage, et d’une composante des systèmes éducatifs, l’enseignement et la formation professionnels du secondaire ? Cette orientation européenne est spécifique car, à l’opposé des États-Unis par exemple, les modèles de formation professionnelle initiale de ses États sont divers, mais très structurés dans chaque système d’éducation et de formation. Cette incitation supranationale a eu un impact significatif sur les dispositions prises par les pays : modularisation des formations, rapprochement avec le monde du travail, alignement des durées d’études sur la voie générale, développement de passerelles entre formations, possibilités accrues de poursuite d’études supérieures, etc. Pourtant, la réalisation du programme de Lisbonne semble indépendante des évolutions nationales des effectifs des voies professionnelles secondaires. La question de la responsabilité de ce secteur dans la baisse du décrochage en Europe reste entière. Mieux prendre en compte les difficultés des élèves et favoriser la persévérance scolaire n’est finalement pas le moindre de ses résultats.
La justice sociale en éducation prioritaire : conceptions et opérationnalisations dans le cadre d’un dispositif de promotion de l’excellence
Authors: Pavie Alice , Olympio Noémie , Hache Caroline
Published: October 2021

En France, si la conception de l’excellence repose sur la performance académique, le phénomène de démocratisation ségrégative remet en question le principe méritocratique. L’article analyse, à travers le prisme des conceptions de la justice sociale, la manière dont les acteurs de l’éducation prioritaire se saisissent de “Parcours d’excellence”. Quelles pratiques de sélection choisissent-ils dans ce dispositif de promotion de l’égalité des chances ? Une recherche par entretiens (définition de l’excellence, objectifs déclarés, opérationnalisation de la sélection), menée de 2017 à 2019 en collaboration avec une académie ayant un fort taux d’établissements en éducation prioritaire, montre que la performance et la forme scolaire, critères objectivés du mérite, semblent orienter significativement le choix des publics destinataires de ce dispositif d’ouverture sociale. Si certains professionnels tentent de résister à l’injonction de sélection, ce refus de choisir peut s’inscrire dans une visée universaliste ou se traduire par la délégation du choix aux élèves eux-mêmes, sommés de se porter volontaires et ainsi exposés au risque d’auto-sélection.
Le rapport au droit et à la justice d’enseignants québécois : discours et interventions au quotidien
Authors: Potvin Maryse , Lefrançois David , Éthier Marc-André , Demers Stéphanie , Paradis-Charrette Laurent , Cambron-Prémont Amélie
Published: October 2021

Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires d’une recherche en cours sur le rapport des enseignants du primaire et du secondaire avec la justice et le droit, à travers leurs discours et interventions du quotidien (chantier Éducation juridique en milieu scolaire du partenariat CRSH –Accès au droit et à la justice). L’objectif général est de saisir comment des enseignants conçoivent la justice, le droit et la citoyenneté dans leur vie quotidienne et leur pratique professionnelle : connaissent-ils leurs rôles et les cadres normatifs qui s’appliquent ? Les données présentées sont issues de deux groupes d’entretien avec des enseignants de diverses disciplines, n’enseignant pas spécifiquement les cours d’éthique ou d’éducation à la citoyenneté. À partir de l’approche inclusive et des typologies d’Ewick et Silbey (1998), de Westheimer et Kahne (2004), l’article se penche sur les types –passif, participatif ou critique et contestataire– de rapport subjectif au droit et à la citoyenneté qui se dégagent du discours des enseignants à partir des situations et des interventions de leur quotidien, en comparant les discours des deux groupes.
La sociologie de l’éducation portugaise : dynamique de la production de connaissances et de l’identité du champ
Authors: Palhares José A. , Torres Leonor L.
Published: October 2021

Les conditions d’émergence de la sociologie de l’éducation portugaise ont été concomitantes au processus de démocratisation du pays. Non seulement elle a trouvé les conditions pour se développer dans les années 1990, avec l’expansion de l’enseignement supérieur et l’investissement dans la formation des enseignants et des éducateurs, mais elle a aussi consolidé et diversifié les pistes de recherche. Au cours des décennies suivantes, il y a eu une rétraction de son expansion, mais elle a maintenu des dynamiques d’investigation actives et a augmenté de manière significative le nombre de publications et la participation aux événements scientifiques. L’analyse des communications présentées au Congrès Portugais de Sociologie (APS), sur trois décennies, révèle les spécificités de recherche de plusieurs groupes et universités, tout en confrontant la réalité portugaise aux tendances internationales sur les problématiques étudiées, les approches théoriques et les dispositifs méthodologiques. De cette incursion ressortent une fragmentation thématique et un déficit de réflexivité dans le domaine, en contraste avec le volume et la qualité des connaissances sociologiques produites en éducation.
Peer Mentorship in Psychiatric Nursing Education: Preparation for Future Practice
Authors: Thomson Andrea E. , Smith Nadine , Naismith Dana
Published: October 2021

Background:

Academic demands along with stressors inherent to daily life may be overwhelming for undergraduate psychiatric nursing students. Peer mentorship programs have been found to improve emotional well-being in students; however, little research is available regarding psychiatric nursing students' experiences.

Method:

Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to answer the research question: “What are the lived experiences of mentors within an undergraduate psychiatric nursing peer mentorship program?” Nine undergraduate psychiatric nursing students with experience serving as a mentor were interviewed.

Results:

The participants expressed they gained important skills that are valued by the profession of psychiatric nursing. The themes identified included: support, empathy, the mentor-mentee relationship, active listening, and leadership.

Conclusion:

Involvement in these programs may assist with fostering these skills in undergraduate psychiatric nursing students. Offering a mentorship program for undergraduate psychiatric nursing students has been demonstrated to be valuable.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(10):582–585.]
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students' Perceptions Regarding Educator Feedback
Authors: Sultan Bushra , Victor Gideon
Published: October 2021

Background:

Feedback is imperative for academic success, learning, and professional growth. Faculty competence to provide constructive feedback is a cornerstone in the educational process, environment, and outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the quantity, quality, timing, and utilization of feedback among 38 Bachelor of Science in Nursing students. An assessment experience questionnaire was used to collected data.

Results:

The majority of students (
n
= 27 [71%]) expressed that the timing of feedback is critical; 21 (55%) students reported feedback threatened their self-esteem, 19 (50%) students perceived feedback did not help in completing assignments, and 24 (63%) students reported feedback did not help in understanding assignments. Students reported the negative impact of feedback resulted in feeling discouraged regarding reflection (
n
= 20 [53%]) and self-regulation (
n
= 21 [55%]).

Conclusion:

Although feedback is imperative for academic success and professional development, the quantity and quality affects students' utilization of feedback.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(10):577–581.]
Consuming the Pastoral Desire: Li Ziqi, Food Vlogging and the Structure of Feeling in the Era of Microcelebrity
Authors: Liang Limin
Published: October 2021

This article studies how the new cultural form of food vlogging intervenes the perennial debate on tradition and modernity by focusing on the case of Li Ziqi, whose cinematic videos celebrating bucolic life won her popularity in China and overseas. A study of the production and reception of Li’s videos not only shows urbanites’ nostalgia for a pastoral way of life, but also reveals the role played by the more structural forces, i.e., the market and the state, in appropriating and managing the desire for and consumption of the pastoral for the construction of “modern identities” – both individually as a consumer and collectively as a nation. The market forces, including the ideology of consumerism, its attendant aesthetics as well as the entire regime of social media marketing, were present throughout Li’s celebrification. Meanwhile, the state got involved after Li’s rise to fame, when it became aware of her value for domestic and international publicity. If the market promotes a narrative that caters to the “aesthetical turn” in everyday life in late modernity, the state’s validation and appropriation of Li evinces “cultural nationalism” that departs from political nationalism and is more commensurate with consumerism. However, the Chinese state also tries to transcend the market discourse whose egalitarian form conceals substantive inequality, by positioning itself as an integrative force that bridges urban-rural gap. In creating Li Ziqi as a social media phenomenon, the market uses the rural as a resource to meet the urban desire for authenticity, while the Chinese state re-appropriates the icon of marketized media in its “rural rejuvenation” design to help the disadvantaged rural “other” regain its agency.
Mechanical Performance of Steam-Cured Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume and Limestone Powder
Authors: Ghernouti Youcef , Rabehi Bahia , Mansour Sabria Malika
Published: October 2021

In this paper, influence of heat treatment on evolution of mechanical strengths at early age, less than 24hours of self-compacting concretes containing limestone powder and silica fume as fine materials was investigated experimentally. Two compositions of self-compacting concrete have been studied; the first is elaborated with silica fume addition and the second with limestone powder, each mixture were prepared with a constant water/binder ratio of 0.39. Concrete samples were either cured in water at (23±1°C), or steam cured at 65°C maximum temperature over six hours (6h) curing period. Tests of mechanical strengths were performed on specimens cooled down slowly to room temperature after heating.The obtained results show that all self-compacting mixtures exhibited satisfying fresh properties and check EFNARC specifications of self-compacting concrete (slump flow diameter higher than 650mm, L-box ratio higher than 80% and sieve stability less than 17%).Mechanical strengths of concrete containing limestone addition are slightly lower than those of concrete based on silica fume at all ages. Moreover, heat treatment generates an improvement of compressive and flexural strength. Interesting compressive strengths are obtained. At 24 hours, after heat treatment, the strengths are already greater than 35 MPa. The values ​​are 37 MPa and 40 MPa for self-compacting concrete containing limestone powder and silica fume respectively compared to 40 MPa and 46 MPa obtained at 7 days for the corresponding non-heat treated concretes. Compressive strength gain of SCCs mixtures with limestone powder and with silica fume, undergoing heat treatment at the age of 24hours is 85% and 75% respectively compared to SCCs mixtures cured in water.
The Use of SEM/EDX Analysis to Investigate the Pore Effect on the Mechanical Properties of some Selected Tropical Hardwoods
Authors: Akinyele Joseph Olawale , Folorunsho Abidemi Bashiru
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have investigated the effect of moisture content on the physical and mechanical properties of timber species. This study investigated the effect of the tube-like grain pores in the wood and the presence of elemental impurities on the failure mechanism of four tropical hardwoods. The four hardwood species are Mahogany, Albizia, Beech and Birch. The moisture content of each wood specie was determined at normal temperature, mechanical tests were conducted to determine the strength of each wood samples, while the Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersion X-ray (SEM/EDX ) analysis was carried out to determine the high-resolution images and elemental peaks of the wood specie. The work concluded that beech wood failed earlier when compared to the other three samples due to high moisture content that is above the fibre saturation point. The SEM/EDX test revealed that the early failure was also as a result of the presence of large pores and elemental impurities in the sample of Beech wood.
Anti–PD-1 Checkpoint Therapy Can Promote the Function and Survival of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Vick Sarah C , Kolupaev Oleg V , Perou Charles M , Serody Jonathan S
Published: October 2021

We have previously shown in a model of claudin-low breast cancer that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and express high levels of PD-1. In mouse models and patients with triple-negative breast cancer, it is postulated that one cause for the lack of activity of anti–PD-1 therapy is the activation of PD-1–expressing Tregs in the TME. We hypothesized that the expression of PD-1 on Tregs would lead to enhanced suppressive function of Tregs and worsen antitumor immunity during PD-1 blockade. To evaluate this, we isolated Tregs from claudin-low tumors and functionally evaluated them ex vivo. We compared transcriptional profiles of Tregs isolated from tumor-bearing mice with or without anti–PD-1 therapy using RNA sequencing. We found several genes associated with survival and proliferation pathways; for example, Jun, Fos, and Bcl2 were significantly upregulated in Tregs exposed to anti–PD-1 treatment. Based on these data, we hypothesized that anti–PD-1 treatment on Tregs results in a prosurvival phenotype. Indeed, Tregs exposed to PD-1 blockade had significantly higher levels of Bcl-2 expression, and this led to increased protection from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In addition, we found in vitro and in vivo that Tregs in the presence of anti–PD-1 proliferated more than control Tregs. PD-1 blockade significantly increased the suppressive activity of Tregs at biologically relevant Treg/Tnaive cell ratios. Altogether, we show that this immunotherapy blockade increases proliferation, protection from apoptosis, and suppressive capabilities of Tregs, thus leading to enhanced immunosuppression in the TME.
Young people – citizens in times of climate change? A childist approach to human responsibility
Authors: Sporre Karin
Published: October 2021

The matters of climate change are presently of concern existentially and ethically to the children and the youth. Worldwide school strikes in 2018–2019 and the Fridays for Future movement demonstrate how the young citizens assume socio-political responsibility. However, what possibilities do children and young people actually have to influence global discourse? Are adequate thought structures in place for them to be taken seriously in matters of concern to them? Given that children and youth engage with the issues of climate change, with a concern for their own future and that of our planet, the aim of this article was to take a child-centred ethical perspective and to theoretically explore conditions for intentional inclusion of children and their ethical concerns. In such a critical exploration, aspects of identity politics and intersectionality are reviewed. Empirical results from an interview study with children aged between 10 to 12 years are presented demonstrating that climate changes are of existential and ethical importance to them. Thereafter, a ‘childist’ perspective is introduced and discussed. The interviews were carried out during 2019 in eight schools in South Africa and Sweden. The children were individually interviewed with a method allowing for open responses. The schools in both countries were located in areas where a lack of water had been experienced. In this article, a theoretical framework is developed based on the ethical recognition of a commonly shared human responsibility and using the concept of ‘empowered inclusion’. It recognises children in their own right and identifies vulnerability and interdependence as being foundational to human existence.Contribution: In present times, as the concern for their own future, that of future generations and that of the planet is becoming an integral part of the identities of children and youth, both existentially and ethically, this article brings to this special issue a discussion of conditions for a child-centred view on human responsibility.
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay for the Diagnosis of Congenital Chagas Disease: A Prospective Study in Spain
Authors: Gil-Gallardo Luis , Simón Marina , Iborra Asunción , Carrilero Bartolomé , Segovia Manuel
Published: October 2021

Congenital Chagas disease (CCD) has become a global health problem. Historically, the diagnosis of CCD has been carried out using parasitological methods and traditional serological techniques, however, new serological techniques such as chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) have been developed in the last few years with many advantages compared with traditional serological tests. A total of 75 children born to 72 Latin American Chagas-infected mothers were consecutively enrolled and studied by CMIA and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) at 0–2, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. At the end of the follow-up, 74 out of 75 children were considered uninfected and one child was diagnosed with CCD. Our study emphasizes the need to carry out serological follow-up on every newborn from a mother with Chagas disease and shows that CMIA assay is a great diagnostic tool as a single serological test at 9 months of age to rule out CCD or to identify possible transmission.
Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among β-Thalassemia Major Patients in Ahvaz City, Iran
Authors: Amirhashchi Fatemeh , Azaran Azarakhsh , Seyedian Seyed Saeid , Jalilian Shahram , Keikhaei Bijan
Published: October 2021

Occult Hepatitis B Infection (OBI) is a critical risk factor for triggering post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, which β-thalassemia major (BTM) patients are at risk of it due to multiple blood transfusions. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of OBI among BTM patients from Khuzestan Province, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 90 thalassemia patients, who have received blood 36 to 552 times, participated referred to the Shafa hospital of Ahvaz city from January 2018 to April 2019. ELISA for determining serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV) and real-time PCR for detecting HBV-DNA were performed; Nested PCR was conducted for DNA sequencing and determining the genotype of OBI case. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses were done by R package. Of 90 subjects enrolled in this study; 95.5% (86/90) were HBsAg negative, and the frequency of OBI among them was 1.16% (1/86). The anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV were detected in 80.00%, 7.78%, and 12.2% of patients, respectively. HBV-DNA was assessed at four HBsAg-positive subjects as well, and all of them were negative. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the detected HBV DNA in the OBI case belongs to the genotype D. This research, for the first time, demonstrated that OBI is present among β-thalassemia patients in Iran. Also, further studies are necessary to determine the actual prevalence of OBI among BTM patients in Iran to decisions concerning OBI screening, especially in transfusion centers.
Follow the Money. Międzynarodowe śledztwa dziennikarskie dotyczące przestępstw finansowych i podatkowych
Authors: Adamczyk Wojciech
Published: October 2021

Follow the Money. International Journalistic Investigations Related to Financial and Tax Crimes

The article presents a new phenomenon among the activities of investigative journalists, which consists of exposing financial and tax crimes as a part of international cooperation of reporters and editorial offices. Large I-Teams, the activities of which are usually coordinated by international or national journalistic organizations, using data from confidential informants or existing regulations on access to public information, expose the practice of hiding huge sums of money from tax services by influential public figures. The innovative nature of these activities is a precedent in the history of muckraking. The following methods were used in the study: analysis and criticism of the literature in the field of international journalistic investigations, as well as analysis of sources and comparative analysis.
Dehumanizacja w komentarzach internetowych w polskich portalach informacyjnych. Identyfikacja i klasyfikacja zjawiska na przykładzie odbioru Fransa Timmermansa
Authors: Domagała Arkadiusz
Published: October 2021

Dehumanization in the Internet Comments on Polish News Portals. Identification and Classification of the Phenomenon, on the Example of the Reception of Franz Timmermans The paper addresses the issue of the main types of dehumanization in the Polish right-wing portals (wPolityce, DoRzeczy, Republika) and the conceptualization of hypotheses concerning the relationship between framing and the content of comments on the Vice-President of the European Commission, Frans Timmermans. The premise of the paper is that an article and its comments form a specific entity and in tandem constitute its essence (global sense) together. In the literature review, some types of dehumanization were distinguished: animalization, biologization, objectification, subhumanization, demonization. An insectization was added as an extremely hateful form of de-humanization. Then the role of political hate speech and selected forms of dehumanization in the portals was determined by specially prepared indicators. Comments in the right-wing identity portals like wPolityce and Republika are specific with the noticeable role of insectization and demonization. Subsequently, the dehumanization comments in right-wing portals were compared with the comments on TVPInfo and Gazeta.pl. The latters, in comparison to right-wing portals, turned out to be similar when it comes to dehumanization as such and political hate speech, but contained a limited number of dehumanization forms. Frames based on conflict were consistently used in all the portals. However, the right-wing portals were distinguished by a much greater role of moral frames, which, combined with expressive linguistic forms, constituted strong frames.
Nagość w kampaniach społecznych w świetle koncepcji zarządzania uwagą
Authors: Pataj Magdalena
Published: October 2021

Nudity in Social Campaigns in the Light of Attention Economy

This article offers a quantitative analysis of social campaigns showing naked bodies, with the focus on what social problems are portrayed with the use of nudity and whether the images of nudity are of a direct or indirect character. Other questions posed in this article are whether nudity has a gender, what does it symbolize and what associations does it generates in the recipient. My research shows that nudity (primarily female nudity) is deployed in campaigns of a wide thematic array and is endowed with various meanings.
Politics and Biology: The Dark Tetrad and Darkness at Noon
Authors: Bloom Richard W.
Published: October 2021

This paper describes methodological and theoretical problematics in creating knowledge about the relations between politics and biology. These problematics are cited from philosophy and philosophy of science, critical theory, and scientific method(s). The case of politics characterized by the dark tetrad – narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism – and biology characterized by evolutionary theories are used as an example. The conclusion is that the relations between politics and biology are unknowable and attempts to apply putative knowledge of such relations have led to tragedy and atrocity throughout history.
Problem kategorii decyzji w kontekście naturalistycznego paradygmatu nauk społecznych
Authors: Łukomski Piotr
Published: October 2021

Artykuł przedstawia tezę, że decyzja rozumiana jako akt wyboru jest możliwa do wyjaśnienia w ramach teorii kontroli, która przekłada się na rzeczywistą autonomię człowieka. Decyzja w tym ujęciu nie jest typem fenomenu oderwanego od przyczynowej struktury świata ani też rodzajem poręcznej konstrukcji teoretycznej w wyjaśnianiu zachowań, ale funkcjonalnym aspektem umysłu zgodnym (kompatybilnym) z naturalistycznym obrazem świata, obejmującym również humanistykę. W ramach takiej struktury wyjaśniania możemy umieścić decyzje jako element struktur kontroli, które funkcjonują równolegle do struktur przyczynowości i stanowią niezbędny składnik każdego autonomicznego systemu. Co więcej, przy założeniu, że umysł spełnia funkcję semantycznego silnika możemy zarysować kierunek badań, w ramach którego semantyka (język oraz znaczenia i treści kultury) może być interpretowana jako podstawa wyborów (decyzji) dokonywanych w ramach kontekstu kulturowego. The Problem of the Category of Decisions in the Context of the Naturalistic Paradigm of Social Sciences The paper presents the thesis that a decision understood as an act of choice could be explained within the framework of the theory of control, which implicates real human autonomy. A decision in this perspective is not a type of phenomenon detached from the causal structure of the world, nor a kind of handy theoretical structure in explaining behaviour, but a functional aspect of the mind compatible with the naturalistic view of the world, including the humanities. Within such an explanatory structure, we can place decisions as part of the control structures that function alongside causality structures and are a necessary component of any autonomous system. Moreover, if the mind acts as a semantic engine, we can outline the direction of research within which semantics (language, cultural meanings, and content) can be interpreted as the basis for choices (decisions) made within the cultural context.
W stronę naturalizacji przemocy w polityce
Authors: Bielawski Kornel
Published: October 2021

Przemoc jest zjawiskiem inherentnie wpisanym w procesy polityczne. Choć w powszechnie stosowanych dyskursach i systemach wartości ma ona wydźwięk pejoratywny, nie sposób odmówić jej doniosłych funkcji społeczno-politycznych. Pełni ona bowiem rolę porządkującą i hierarchiotwórczą w procesach dystrybucji władzy. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę wypunktowania szeregu aspektów wskazujących na naturalistyczne źródła przemocy: począwszy od filozoficznych refleksji klasyków, poprzez wnioski z obserwacji świata natury, skończywszy na aspektach biopsychologii. Jest to próba wskazania na fundamenty agresywnych zachowań ludzkich, odartych z wpływów kulturowych i tego, co uznać można za nienaturalne.

Towards the Naturalization of Violence in Politics
Violence is an inherent phenomenon in political processes. Although in commonly used discourses and value systems it is perceived negatively, one cannot deny that it has important social and political functions. In terms of power distribution, violence plays an ordering and hierarchical role. This paper’s objective is to indicate a number of aspects pointing to the naturalistic sources of violence: from the philosophical reflections of the classic thinkers, through the conclusions from the observation of the natural world, to biopsychology. The paper attempts to recognize the foundations of aggressive human behavior, stripped of cultural influences and what can be considered unnatural.
Neoliberalny panoptykon biopolityki – pomiędzy ekspansją i społeczną terapią
Authors: Golinowski Janusz
Published: October 2021

Technologie usprawniające działanie człowieka rodzą poważne pytania etyczne dotyczące praktyk zdrowotnych, które nie służą już tylko leczeniu chorób, ale proponują również „optymalizację” fizycznych, poznawczych i psychologicznych zdolności ludzi. W tym artykule dokonujemy koncepcyjnego wyjaśnienia pojęć biowładzy i biopolityki oraz argumentujemy za ich użytecznością we współczesnej analizie. Trzy dekady neoliberalnej polityki poważnie ograniczyły państwo opiekuńcze: prywatyzacje i cięcia w budżetach publicznych zmusiły agencje publiczne do ograniczenia swojej działalności, czasami tracąc uniwersalność, skuteczność i jakość usług. Pandemia dramatycznie pokazała cenę takiego neoliberalnego zwrotu. Globalizacja rynku stwarza zagrożenia dla zdrowia i nie jest w stanie reagować na sytuacje kryzysowe. Prywatna opieka zdrowotna okazuje się w dużej mierze nieistotna w walce z pandemią. Państwo opiekuńcze nie powinno być traktowane jako „koszt” dla prywatnego systemu gospodarczego. Byłoby błędem sądzić, że po ustąpieniu pandemii gospodarka mogłaby wrócić do „normalności”. Musimy ponownie przemyśleć produkcję i konsumpcję w świetle potrzeb zdrowotnych i środowiskowych.

The Neoliberal Panopticon of Biopolitics – Between Expansion and Social Therapy
Human enhancement technologies raise serious ethical questions about health practices no longer content simply to treat disease, but which now also propose to “optimize” human beings’ physical, cognitive and psychological abilities. In this article we undertake some conceptual clarification of the concepts of biopower and biopolitics and argue for their utility in contemporary analysis. Three decades of neoliberal policies have seriously reduced the welfare state: privatisations and cuts in public budgets have forced public agencies to downsize their activities, sometimes losing universality, effectiveness and quality of services. The pandemic has dramatically shown the price of such a neoliberal turn. Market globalisation creates health threats and is completely unable to respond to emergencies. Private health care is turning out to be largely irrelevant in facing the pandemic. The welfare state should not be considered a ‘cost’ for the private economic system. It would be a mistake to believe that, once the pandemic has passed, the economy could go back to ‘normal’. We need to rethink production and consumption considering health and environmental needs.
Metawartości i spór wokół ochrony środowiska naturalnego
Authors: Maj Przemysław
Published: October 2021

W przestrzeni debaty publicznej można zaobserwować występowanie antynomicznych postaw dotyczących ochrony środowiska naturalnego. Jedna z nich jest charakterystyczna dla nurtu określanego umownie jako lewicowy, a druga – dla prawicowego. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie treści i źródeł tych postaw oraz podjęcie próby wyjaśnienia istniejącego na tym gruncie konfliktu politycznego w odniesieniu do psychologicznej teorii wartości Shaloma H. Schwartza.

Meta-values and the Conflict over Environmental Protection
In the political sphere, two antinomous attitudes towards the nature are permanently present. The first one is characteristic of the left-wing and the second one of the right-wing. The article explains the content and source of these attitudes by referring to Shalom H. Schwartz's psychological value theory (SVT) and the circular meta-value model created on the basis of its adaptation.
Biological and Anthropological Foundations of Arnold Gehlen’s Political Theory
Authors: Horonziak Sonia
Published: October 2021

The problem of the body-soul separation has long been the subject of both philosophy and science. There is no doubt that man is a biological being. What is not certain is how human biology influences our actions and decision processes. Does it constitute humanity or is it just an excess. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Arnold Gehlen, who laid the foundations of the institutional theory, stated that man is a being marked by a deficiency. This statement was derived precisely from man’s biological deficiencies. At the same time, those influenced the human’s ability to create complex institutional systems. From the biological foundations of the analysis of man as a psychophysical being, Gehlen derived the need to establish a system of rules and norms that helps us to survive. This article will primarily discuss the biological foundations of Gehlen's theory. It will show how this 20th century anthropologist moved from researching the biological aspects of individuals to the cultural challenges faced by modern humans.
The Classification of Mathematical Literacy Ability in Cognitive Growth Learning Viewed From Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Chasanah Aprilia Nurul
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the Cognitive Growth mathematical learning model towards mathematical literacy ability and to describe the classification of mathematical literacy ability viewed from the multiple intelligences theory. This type of research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this research were 30 grade VIII students of SMP IT Ihsanul Fikri in Magelang City who had a tendency towards each type of multiple intelligences. The instruments used were a test and interview instruments. Data analysis the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the research were as follows: (1) the quality of mathematical learning using the Cognitive Growth model was in the good category; (2) the classification of mathematical literacy ability in Cognitive Growth learning viewed from multiple intelligences theory of grade VIII students was: with verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, and musical intelligences at level 4; with visual-spatial intelligences at level 3, with intrapersonal intelligences at level 2; and, with bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and naturalistic intelligences at level 1.
Estimating the Volume of Sediments and Assessing the Water Balance of the Badra Basin, Eastern Iraq, Using Swat Model and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Sahar Awad A.
Published: October 2021

The primary objective of this study is to employ the remote sensing data and Soil & Water Assessment Tool model to estimate sediment volume and assess the water balance of the Badra Basin (2,615km2) in eastern Iraq. Remote sensing data was utilized as the main input with the Soil & Water Assessment Tool model. These data involved a land use-land cover map that was constructed by the classification of the Landsat-8 satellite imagery for the year 2020, STMR digital elevation model, soil map was acquired from the Food and Agriculture Organization and climatic data were sourced from the NASA-funded prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource The results discovered that about 40 % and 18% of the yearly rainfall are losing by evapotranspiration and filtration. The average amount of annual sediment transported was predicted at 120.47 tons /ha, 2018 recorded the highest value of transported sediment which is about 360 tons /ha. The volume of annual runoff was assessed at about 340.74 million m3. These results proved that the Soil & Water Assessment tool model has the ability to estimation the sediment and runoff volume. The climatic elements, especially rainfall, in addition to soil classes, topography, and land use-land cover had a significant impact on the amount of transported sediments and the volume of runoff.
Cultural Capital and Argumentative Writing in English: Challenges and Strategies Used by EFL Student Teachers
Authors: Fajaryani Nunung , Mukminin Amirul , Hidayat Marzul , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Haryanto Eddy , Nazurty Nazurty , Marzulina Lenny , Harto Kasinyo , Habibi Akhmad
Published: October 2021

Writing is one of the most difficult skills in language learning, particularly in learning English as a foreign language. The purposes of this qualitative study were to describe student teachers’ challenges in composing argumentative writing and to explain how they encountered those challenges at one public university teacher-training program in Jambi, Indonesia. The theoretical framework of cultural capital was used to guide the study while the data were collected through demographic profiles and semi-structured in-depth interviews with student teachers. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, we only had access to invite 12 students to participate in our study—they were six male and six female student teachers. All participants in this study had taken English academic writing subjects and had been familiar with argumentative English writing. To analyze the data, within-case and cross-case analyses were used. The results of the data analysis produced eight salient themes including insufficient vocabulary and grammar, giving arguments, writing habits, parents’ occupation, the relationship between students, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social strategies. The implications of the study are also discussed.
STABILIZACIONA KLAUZULA U UGOVORU O ZAJEDNIČKOM ULAGANjU U PROJEKAT „BEOGRAD NA VODI“
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Brašić Stojanović Jovana
Published: October 2021

Predmet rada jeste analiza stabilizacione klauzule sadržane u ugovoru o zajedničkom ulaganju u projekat „Beograd na vodi“, potpisanog između Republike Srbije i partnera iz Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata 2015. godine. Ovom stabilizacionom klauzulom se obezbeđuje očuvanje zakonskog okvira koji reguliše pravni položaj stranog ulagača sprečavajući da strani ulagač bude doveden u nepovoljniji pravni i ekonomski položaj, tokom trajanja ulaganja. Fokus u radu biće na analizi karakteristika stabilizacione klauzule sadržane u ovom ugovoru, određivanju tipa stabilizacione klauzule, njenih dejstava i domašaja. U radu će biti analizirana stabilizaciona obaveza Republike Srbije kao države prijemnice kapitala, ali i privilegovan položaj partnera iz Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata, kao stranog ulagača, uz generalni osvrt na efekte koja proizvodi konkretna stabilizaciona klauzula. Ovako postavljen predmet istraživanja uslovljen je stalno rastućim značajem, koji u cilju stimulisanja ekonomskog razvoja, države pridaju stranim ulaganjima.
PRAVO NA SLOBODAN PRISTUP INFORMACIJAMA OD JAVNOG ZNAČAJA
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Kijevčanin Ružica
Published: October 2021

The right to free access to information of public importance is a condition for the enjoyment of other fundamental human rights and freedoms, and above all freedom of opinion, the right to information, the right to vote, etc. Man is a biological, psychological, legal, economic, but also informational being, so the exchange of information is a daily routine that allows him to learn, upgrade and spread various intellectual products, that is, to function in the world. Democracy and free society, as the ideals of today, imply a tireless struggle for the unhindered exercise of the right to free access to information, the importance of which is reflected in two basic reasons. One reason refers to the fact that a person was born with the right to know, and the other reason is in his political nature. By participating in the elections, an individual chooses his representative whom he trusts, so the least he can expect in return is to be informed about everything that interests him and is in his interest, and what the elected bodies have. The importance of the right to free access to information is immeasurable, so it is also called the "oxygen of democracy".