bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Changes in State Tax Enforcement on Corporate Income Tax Collections
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Lynch Daniel P.
Published: October 2015

Using a new hand-collected database on state department of revenue (DOR) expenditures, this study examines the association between changes in state corporate tax enforcement expenditures and state-level tax collections during the 2000–2008 time period. The results, after addressing endogeneity concerns using a changes specification and state fixed effects, suggest a $1 increase (decrease) in current period corporate enforcement is associated with an $8 to $11 increase (decrease) in state tax collections two years into the future. The association appears to be attenuated in states with restrictive tax policies (i.e., unitary/combined reporting and related-party add-back provisions) suggesting that enforcement and restrictive tax policies could serve as substitutes.

JEL Classifications: H26; H71; H72.

Data Availability: Enforcement data were hand collected from state revenue department annual reports and by contacting state corporate income tax personnel. All annual reports are publicly available.
A Case of Hereditary Pancreatitis Presenting as Recurrent Abdominal Pain in a 11 Year Old Girl
Authors: Das A , Basu M
Published: October 2015

Recurrent abdominal pain is a common problem among children. Since its first description by John Apley in 1958, the condition has remained poorly understood with a multitude of factors being implicated in causation. The symptoms tend to be vague and investigations seldom show organic disease. But the importance to evaluate each child with recurrent abdominal pain should be considered important nevertheless, particularly, in protracted cases. Here, we present a case who presented with history of recurrent abdominal pain for several years before being diagnosed as a case of hereditary pancreatitis. This stresses the importance of evaluating each case with a detailed and complete history, physical examination and selected investigations.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):57-58
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque MM , Ahmed ASMNU , Quaderi H
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Anaemia is a common problem in childhood. In Bangladesh, overall 68% of children aged 6-59 months are anaemic. Anaemia impairs normal growth and development, decreases physical exercise tolerance and intellectual performance in children. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence and risk factors for iron deficiency anaemia in hospitalized children aged 6 to 36 months.Materials and Methods: Eligible children admitted in Dhaka Shishu (Children’s) Hospital due to any acute illness, were enrolled from 1st June 2010 to 30th August 2010. Anaemia (Hb <11gm/dl) was classified as microcytic, normocytic or macrocytic. Peripheral blood film, serum ferritin, haemoglobin electrophoresis, serum C-reactive protein and stool microscopy were done. Risk factors were looked for in cases of iron deficiency anaemia.Results: Among 331 enrolled children, 201 (61%) had anaemia, among them 63 (31%) had iron deficiency anaemia. Lower the socioeconomic status, higher was the rate of anaemia. Prematurity and low birth weight was significantly associated with anaemia. Poor feeding practices including colostrum rejection, non-exclusive breastfeeding, early/late weaning and inappropriate weaning diet were important risk factors. Gender was not found as a risk factor.Conclusion: A large proportion of hospitalized children under three years of age were found anaemic, among them iron deficiency anaemia was most common. The study result emphasizes the importance of identifying the risk factors of anaemia in this age group. Raising awareness of the problem and providing health and nutrition education will be the key interventions to prevent and control this huge public health problem in Bangladesh.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):38-43
Differentiating Gilbert Syndrome from Crigler Najjar Syndrome Type 2 by Phenobarbitone Test
Authors: Sinha R , Dalal S , Sodhi K
Published: October 2015

Gilbert syndrome characterized by jaundice with intermittent elevations of indirect bilirubin, in the absence of haemolysis or underlying liver disease, has both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance. Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (CNS2) is a hereditary disorder of bilirubin metabolism characterized by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to reduced and inducible activity of hepatic bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase (GT). We report 20 children between age 5 to 15 years with unconjugated hyperbilirubenemia who were given seven days of oral phenobarbitone (5mg/kg/day) and decrease in level of bilirubin was noted. There was only 30-40% reduction of bilirubin in Crigler Najjar Syndrome Type 2 compared to Gilberts Syndrome in which bilirubin level normalised. This case series highlights the importance of simple test to differentiate these two conditions. This test is also very helpful in a place where enzyme level and mutational study cannot be done.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):82-84
Comparison Between Automated and Manual Sphygmomanometer for Measuring Blood Pressure in Children
Authors: Taksande A , Jadhav A , Vagha J
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The mercury sphygmomanometer has been the gold standard used for obtaining blood pressure (BP). However, due to environmental concerns and more use of automated BP devices, an alternative to using the standard mercury sphygmomanometer to measure BP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Automated (Omron) BP device against the mercury sphygmomanometer in children.Material and Methods: One hundred children were enrolled in this study. The accuracy of Omron HEM–7121 BP readings was compared with that of mercury BP device readings. Each children had four BP measurements recorded sequentially i.e. two valid systolic readings, and two valid diastolic readings.Results: BP taken with the automated device was systolic 109.77 ± 9.97 and diastolic 74.50 ± 8.32 mm Hg compared to systolic 112.68 ± 9.98 and diastolic 77.38 ± 7.91 mm Hg measured by manual mercury sphygmomanometer BP readings (p<0.001). Automated and mercury BP measurements were correlated (r = 0.89, systolic BP; r = 0.82, diastolic BP). Linear regression analysis showed that the automated systolic BP is a significant predictor (? = 0.897, p < 0.001) of manual systolic BP. Similarly, automated diastolic BP was also a significant predictor (? = 0.829, p< 0.001) of manual diastolic BP.Conclusion: This study concludes that the automated BP device is reliable and accurate for measuring the BP in children.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):13-17
Risk Factors and Outcome of Neonates Born through Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Gurubacharya SM , Rajbhandari S , Gurung R , Rai A , Mishra M , Sharma KR , Aryal DR
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome is still high in the developing world contributing significantly to the neonatal mortality. The study was aimed to know the risk factors contributing to meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal outcome in a tertiary government hospital of the country.Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study done over a period of three months. All live newborns born through meconium stained liquor were enrolled and all the details regarding mother, neonate were recorded. Odd’s ratio and bivariate analysis was done to assess the risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome.Result: Out of all the deliveries 14.6% were meconium stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome developed in 6.6% of the neonates. Low Apgar score and premature rupture of membranes was significantly associated with the risk of occurrence of meconium aspiration syndrome. Neonates who developed meconium aspiration syndrome had mortality of 11.3%.Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia and premature rupture of membranes were significantly associated with the development of meconium aspiration syndrome and neonates who developed meconium aspiration syndrome had high mortality.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):44-48
How School Climate Influences Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion: The Mediating Role of Emotional Labor
Authors: Yao Xiuping , Yao Meilin , Zong Xiaoli , Li Yulan , Li Xiying , Guo Fangfang , Cui Guanyu
Published: October 2015

Currently, in China, improving the quality of teachers’ emotional labor has become an urgent need for most pre-kindergarten through 12th grade (p–12) schools because the new curriculum reform highlights the role of emotion in teaching. A total of 703 primary and high school teachers in Mainland China were investigated regarding their perceptions of school climate, emotional labor strategy and emotional exhaustion via questionnaires. The findings revealed that the teachers’ perceptions of the school climate negatively affected surface acting but positively affected deep acting. Surface acting positively predicted emotional exhaustion, and deep acting had no significant effect on emotional exhaustion. Moreover, emotional labor mediated the relationship between the teachers’ perceptions of the school climate and emotional exhaustion. Programs aimed at improving the school climate and the teachers’ use of appropriate emotional labor strategies should be implemented in schools in Mainland China.
Performance Comparison of a Novel Adaptive Protocol with the Fixed Power Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Basu Debraj , Gupta Gourab , Moretti Giovanni , Gui Xiang
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we compare the performance of a novel adaptive protocol with the fixed power transmission protocol using experimental data when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is fixed. In fixed power transmission protocol, corresponding to the distance between the sensor and the hub, there is a fixed power level that provides the optimal or minimum value in terms of energy consumption while maintaining a threshold Quality of Service (QoS) parameter. This value is bounded by the available output power levels of a given radio transceiver. The proposed novel adaptive power control protocol tracks and supersedes that energy expenditure by using an intelligent algorithm to ramp up or down the output power level as and when required. This protocol does not use channel side information in terms of received signal strength indication (RSSI) or link quality indication (LQI) for channel estimation to decide the transmission power. It also controls the number of allowed retransmissions for error correction. Experimental data have been collected at different distances between the transmitting sensor and the hub. It can be observed that the energy consumption of the fixed power level is at least 25% more than the proposed adaptive protocol for comparable packet success rate.
Improving Efficiency of Multicrystalline Silicon and CIGS Solar Cells by Incorporating Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeng Ming-Jer , Chen Zih-Yang , Xiao Yu-Ling , Chang Liann-Be , Ao Jianping , Sun Yun , Popko Ewa , Jacak Witold , Chow Lee
Published: October 2015

This work studies the use of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) and copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) solar cells. Au and Ag nanoparticles are deposited by spin-coating method, which is a simple and low cost process. The random distribution of nanoparticles by spin coating broadens the resonance wavelength of the transmittance. This broadening favors solar cell applications. Metal shadowing competes with light scattering in a manner that varies with nanoparticle concentration. Experimental results reveal that the mc-Si solar cells that incorporate Au nanoparticles outperform those with Ag nanoparticles. The incorporation of suitable concentration of Au and Ag nanoparticles into mc-Si solar cells increases their efficiency enhancement by 5.6% and 4.8%, respectively. Incorporating Au and Ag nanoparticles into CIGS solar cells improve their efficiency enhancement by 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The enhancement of the photocurrent in mc-Si solar cells is lower than that in CIGS solar cells, owing to their different light scattering behaviors and material absorption coefficients.
Characterization and Quantification by LC-MS/MS of the Chemical Components of the Heating Products of the Flavonoids Extract in Pollen Typhae for Transformation Rule Exploration
Authors: Chen Yeqing , Yu Hongli , Wu Hao , Pan Yaozong , Wang Kuilong , Jin Yangping , Zhang Chengchao
Published: October 2015

The Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs Pollen Typhae and Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus have been used as a hemostatic medicine promoting blood clotting for thousands of years. In this study, a reliable, highly sensitive method based on LC-MS/MS has been developed for differentiation of the heating products of total flavonoids in Pollen Typhae (FPT-N). Twenty three peaks were detected and 18 peaks have been structurally identified by comparing retention times, high resolution mass spectrometry data, and fragment ions with those of the reference substances and/or literature data. Additionally, 15 compounds have been quantified by multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ionization mode. It was found that the contents of the characterized compounds differed greatly from each other in FPT-N samples. Among them, the content of huaicarbon B significantly increased at first, while it decreased after heating for 25 min, which could be considered as the characteristic component for distinguishing FPT-N. The present study provided an approach to rapidly distinguish the differences of FPT-N samples. In addition, the actively summarized characteristic fragmentation might help deducing the structure of unknown flavonols compounds. Furthermore, transformation rules of flavonoids during the heating process in carbonisatus development could contribute to hemostatic therapeutic component exploration.
Cytotoxic Activity and Antiproliferative Effects of Crude Skin Secretion from Physalaemus nattereri (Anura: Leptodactylidae) on in vitro Melanoma Cells
Authors: Carvalho Andréa , Márquez César , Azevedo Ricardo , Joanitti Graziella , Júnior Osmindo , Fontes Wagner , Castro Mariana
Published: October 2015

Anuran secretions are rich sources of bioactive molecules, including antimicrobial and antitumoral compounds. The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of Physalaemus nattereri skin secretion against skin cancer cells, and to assess its cytotoxic action mechanisms on the murine melanoma cell line B16F10. Our results demonstrated that the crude secretion reduced the viability of B16F10 cells, causing changes in cell morphology (e.g., round shape and structure shrinkage), reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in phosphatidylserine exposure, and cell cycle arrest in S-phase. Together, these changes suggest that tumor cells die by apoptosis. This skin secretion was also subjected to chromatographic fractioning using RP-HPLC, and eluted fractions were assayed for antiproliferative and antibacterial activities. Three active fractions showed molecular mass components in a range compatible with peptides. Although the specific mechanisms causing the reduced cell viability and cytotoxicity after the treatment with crude secretion are still unknown, it may be considered that molecules, such as the peptides found in the secretion, are effective against B16F10 tumor cells. Considering the growing need for new anticancer drugs, data presented in this study strongly reinforce the validity of P. nattereri crude secretion as a rich source of new anticancer molecules.
Asymmetric Correlations between English Verb Transitivity and Stress
Authors: Fullwood Michelle A.
Published: October 2015

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The Unit Phrase in Mandarin
Authors: Hsu Yu-Yin
Published: October 2015

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Reduced Conditionals and Focus
Authors: Romero Maribel
Published: October 2015

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Against 'Long' Movement of the Superlative Operator
Authors: Sharvit Yael , Stateva Penka
Published: October 2015

It is a matter of considerable debate whether degree operators are interpreted in their base position or in some higher position. Kennedy ( 1 997) has shown that degree operators (e.g., the comparative operator) do not interact scopally with quantified expressions. On the other hand, Heim ( 1 999) and Stateva (to appear) have presented evidence that the superlative operator (as in the highest grade) interacts scopally with intensional predicates. This paper argues that despite the fact that the superlative operator seems to interact scopally with intensional predicates, the facts receive a better account under an in situ analysis, rather than a movement analysis, of the operator. This point will be made by (a) looking at examples where a superlative expression is embedded under a propositional attitude verb, and focussing on readings which are neither de re (in the strict sense) nor de dicto (in the strict sense); and (b) examining negative superlatives (e.g., the least high grade) in extensional contexts. Our conclusion will be that Kennedy' s claim that degree operator movement is highly restricted is correct.
The online interpretation of sentence-internal same and distributivity
Authors: Dotlačil Jakub , Brasoveanu Adrian
Published: October 2015

This paper investigates the processing of sentence-internal same with three licensors (each, all and the) in two orders: licensor+same (surface scope) and same+licensor (inverse scope). Our study shows that (i) there is no effect of surface vs. inverse scope, which we take as an argument for a model-oriented view of the processing cost of inverse scope, and (ii) all is processed faster than each and the with same, which we take as an argument for a particular semantics of distributive icensors.
The Effect of Lexical Content on Dichotic Speech Recognition in Older Adults
Authors: Findlen Ursula M. , Roup Christina M.
Published: October 2015

Background:Age-related auditory processing deficits have been shown to negatively affect speech recognition for older adult listeners. In contrast, older adults gain benefit from their ability to make use of semantic and lexical content of the speech signal (i.e., top-down processing),
particularly in complex listening situations. Assessment of auditory processing abilities among aging adults should take into consideration semantic and lexical content of the speech signal.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lexical and attentional factors
on dichotic speech recognition performance characteristics for older adult listeners.Research Design:A repeated measures design was used to examine differences in dichotic word recognition as a function of lexical and attentional factors.Study Sample:Thirty-five older adults
(61‐85 yr) with sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study.Data Collection and Analysis:Dichotic speech recognition was evaluated using consonant‐vowel‐consonant (CVC) word and nonsense CVC syllable stimuli administered in the free recall, directed recall
right, and directed recall left response conditions.Results:Dichotic speech recognition performance for nonsense CVC syllables was significantly poorer than performance for CVC words. Dichotic recognition performance varied across response condition for both stimulus types, which is
consistent with previous studies on dichotic speech recognition. Inspection of individual results revealed that five listeners demonstrated an auditory-based left ear deficit for one or both stimulus types.Conclusions:Lexical content of stimulus materials affects performance characteristics
for dichotic speech recognition tasks in the older adult population. The use of nonsense CVC syllable material may provide a way to assess dichotic speech recognition performance while potentially lessening the effects of lexical content on performance (i.e., measuring bottom-up auditory function
both with and without top-down processing).
Kūrybinės klasės fenomeno tarpdalykinė raiška ir aktualumas: keletas įžvalgų
Authors: Urbonė Renata
Published: October 2015

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas kūrybinės klasės fenomenas ir jo tarpdalykinė raiška Richardo Floridos knygoje „Kūrybinės klasės iškilimas“ (į lietuvių kalbą vertė Jovilė Barevičiūtė, išleido VGTU leidykla „Technika“). Siekiama atskleisti jau kelis pastaruosius dešimtmečius mūsų ekonomiką ir kultūrą keičiančių pamatinių jėgų, tarp kurių esminė yra kūrybingumo jėga, aktualumą ir pritaikomumą skirtingose mokslų kryptyse, sąsajas su kitomis aktualiomis vadybos mokslo temomis – intelektinio kapitalo valdymu, antrepreneryste; sprendžiamos susijusių terminų vertimo į lietuvių kalbą dilemos. Kūrybingumas atpažįstamas kaip fundamentali ekonomikos jėga, tapusi priežastimi naujai – kūrybinei – klasei atsirasti. Daroma išvada, kad Floridos knygoje gvildenamos kūrybingumo idėjos yra naudingos vadybos, ekonomikos, architektūros, technologijos mokslų bei kitų sričių studijoms ir vystymuisi.
European Naval Strategy: Analysis of Selected Issues in EU Member States
Authors: Šafářová Tereza
Published: October 2015

Europe is a maritime continent whose economic concerns and security could be backed only by the power of navy forces. The Czech Republic is not a maritime state, but it is a member country of both NATO and the EU, it participates in the formation of common security policy. Czech soldiers could take part in combined joint military operations, where one of forces is also a Navy. Dozens of Czech citizens are employed in common international institutes and staffs; they all need a broader view, including the knowledge of Integrated European Naval Strategy. Their activities promote the status of the Czech Republic at international level. This contribution contextually explores European space and its naval power. It introduces naval forces projection of European national navies, the bulk of which best respond to current security issues, along with decisions of the national governments of the EU and NATO member states. The article also dedicates extensive attention to the Russian naval strategy.
Why to Afghanistan? Skills, Money or Ideals?
Authors: Laštovková Jitka , Bernardová Kateřina
Published: October 2015

The motivation and professional values of soldiers involved in Other People's Wars is one of the most important knowledge necessary for effective command and control. Those were main reasons for an extensive questionnaire survey among soldiers, deployed in PRT ISAF in 2010-2011. One of the key topics was motivation to leave for Afghanistan, professional expectations and evaluations of external and internal environment of the mission. The purpose of this paper is to present the basic outlines of values of today's Czech soldiers, their professional motives and expectations. The results are interpreted in the context of Moskos' theory of the contradiction between institutional and occupational orientations of present armed forces and adapted to the actual social and political state of affairs.
Conceptual Development of the AFCR - Approaches and Strategic Starting Points
Authors: Mičánek František , Procházka Josef
Published: October 2015

This paper aims to enrich professional discussion on future shape of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (AFCR) and is linked to the preceding research and publishing activities of members of the Centre for Security and Military Strategic Studies (CBVSS) at the University of Defence. In its first part, it performs a historical tour to the year 2012 and highlights the reasons that the former leadership of the ACR led to the start of construction work on the concept of AFCR (KVAČR). Briefly describes the interconnection and the hierarchy of individual conceptual and strategic documents, the procedure works on them and summarizes the arguments supporting the need of KVAČR as such. The next section brings potential methodological approaches to the preparation of this document, using the method of the "9S", including practical examples, it renumbers basic strategic assumptions and priorities in various stages, bordered by years 2020 and 2025 as a prerequisite for formulating strategies for achieving this specific goal. Within the document, there is a short excursion into the field of long-term planning for major areas of skills, using their description of DOTMLPFI functional areas, including an example of using this methodology in project preparation of program funding. The recommendations formulated in the article are based on the authors' best experiences with the preparation of documents of a similar type in the years 2003-2013, the recommendations of experts from the broader security community of the Czech Republic, and recommendations of the Alliance. As such, it has been passed to the KVAČR processors at level of the General Staff of AFCR over the years 2013-2014.
Acquisition of Knowledge and Insights Gained Through "Lessons Learned" Process and Implementation in Czech Armed Forces
Authors: Kosecová Janka , Kubeša Milan , Grmela František
Published: October 2015

The process of the Lessons Learned in the Czech Armed Forces is not ideal for several reasons. One of them is the underestimation of the process by top management. Another one is the low level of awareness of the process, institutions, possibilities and importance of the Lessons Learned Process as a whole. The aim of this article is to clarify the Lessons Learned Process as a tool to support the organization. The first part of the article deals with the process of the Lessons Learned in the Czech Armed Forces including terminology. The second part of the article describes the factual implementation of the Lessons Learned in the Czech Armed Forces. It points out achievements as well as drawbacks during its implementation. In addition to that, it introduces the current Czech military publications dealing with this topic. The conclusion presents the description of some suggestions and recommendations for further development of this process.
Sur la validité de la psychanalyse
Authors: Brient Pierrick
Published: October 2015

L’article interroge la scientificité de la psychanalyse en rappelant la méthode propre au traitement proposé par Freud. Si ce dernier a cru un temps pouvoir apporter une méthodologie objective de la cure psychanalytique, en lien avec la conviction d’une neutralité complète possible de l’analyste, il s’est aperçu que le poids de la subjectivité rendait impossible l’application des critères de scientificité au traitement psychanalytique, du fait du transfert. En nous indiquant la fonction nodale du désir de l’analyste, Lacan a réaffirmé ce constat. En témoigne son style même.
La psychanalyse et les sciences
Authors: Bourguignon André
Published: October 2015

Freud aurait aimé soumettre ses constructions théoriques aux jugements de la science biologique, mais les avancées de celle-ci à son époque ne le permettaient pas. Il en est autrement depuis, et nombre d’affirmations freudiennes sont confirmées, d’autres réfutées par les sciences modernes. L’auteur relève contradictions, ambiguïtés et paradoxes dans la théorie pour en arriver à la nécessité d’un dialogue de la psychanalyse avec les autres sciences. Il invite à suivre Freud dans la construction d’une vision du monde qui s’appuie sur l’histoire et les autres sciences, et puisse considérer la molécule jusqu’à l’organisme entier, soit de la plus petite partie jusqu’au tout. Ainsi, comment penser la faille entre cerveau et psychisme ? L’auteur se penche alors sur la question du sujet et de son émergence, entre autonomie et dépendance, sujet constitué par le langage et identifié à l’organe. Il conclut à l’adresse des psychanalystes par l’alternative suivante : ou la construction d’un système de croyance, ou bien la confrontation avec les disciplines scientifiques.
L’expérience de la société Médecine et psychanalyse : hasard, besoin, désir ?
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: October 2015

C’est sous le registre inédit du hasard, du besoin et du désir que la collaboration entre ces deux disciplines que sont la médecine et la psychanalyse est ici présentée, en référence à l’histoire de la psychanalyse et à sa création par Freud dans le champ de l’hystérie, puis à celle de la rencontre inaugurale de la pédiatrie avec la psychanalyse dans les années 1960 dont Jacques Lacan, dans une conférence mémorable, marqua la spécificité. L’historique de la société Médecine et psychanalyse ( smp ) complète cette présentation.
Migrants sans frontières
Authors: de Wangen Sylviane
Published: October 2015

Depuis les années 1970, après les décennies des décolonisations et la fermeture des frontières européennes à l’immigration de travail en raison de la diminution des besoins de main-d’œuvre étrangère, de l’automation et du début des délocalisations, l’augmentation constante du nombre des migrants dans le monde est vécue dans l’Union européenne comme une menace qu’elle combat par tous les moyens au nom de l’ordre public, ce qui aboutit à la création d’une notion nouvelle, l’immigration « irrégulière ». À partir de 2010, la croissance du nombre de migrants s’accélère du fait notamment des bouleversements dans les pays de la Méditerranée, du chaos créé au Moyen-Orient, en particulier en Irak, et du drame syrien. La plupart des migrants sont en quête d’une protection. En 2015 la situation est qualifiée de « crise des migrants » sans précédent depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Rien ne semble pouvoir stopper la tendance et la réponse sécuritaire échoue à endiguer les flux de personnes à la recherche de protection et de sécurité. L’émotion créée par l’annonce des morts quotidiennes lors des passages de frontières ou en mer est-elle de nature à encourager les dirigeants européens à promouvoir une vraie politique migratoire et d’asile en Europe et au niveau mondial ?
Entre compromis et violence, les sociétés arabes ont émergé depuis 2011
Authors: Ould Aoudia Jacques
Published: October 2015

Le bruit et la fureur se sont emparés, une fois encore, de larges parties du monde arabe. Par delà les soubresauts de l’histoire au jour le jour, nous nous interrogeons sur les forces qui travaillent en profondeur les sociétés arabes, sur les clés majeures pour comprendre les enjeux à venir dans cette partie du monde, les voies que les sociétés pourraient explorer pour y restaurer un équilibre, et les nouvelles conditions d’une coopération méditerranéenne entre les pays de ses rives. Ce texte aborde ces questions en accordant une attention particulière aux facteurs internes, qui, in fine, dictent les conditions de tous les autres, y compris dans les situations d’ingérence et de domination extérieure 1 . Il prend comme point d’inflexion majeur la vague de mouvements populaires qui, partie de Tunisie fin 2010, a touché l’ensemble du monde arabe, en révélant les tendances lourdes qui doivent être prises en compte au Sud et au Nord, au moment où l’avenir de la coopération entre Europe et pays arabes doit être repensée en se mettant à l’écoute des sociétés, sans lesquelles tout projet de coopération connaitrait le même sort que ceux qui ont précédé.
Chapitre 9. Le secret du droit : l’anonymat maintenu et le droit comparé
Authors: Tisseyre Sandrine
Published: October 2015

Le droit français pose un principe d’anonymat du don de gamètes. Ce principe a toujours été ignoré du droit anglais. Plus encore, le droit anglais a consacré, il y a quelques années, un principe inverse : celui de l’absence d’anonymat des dons. Cette étude de droit anglais retrace cette évolution, et ses implications.
L’État et le Marché dans le Brésil contemporain (2003-2012) : Le Programme d’Accélération de la Croissance (PAC)
Authors: Chaves Jardim Maria
Published: October 2015

Le texte examine les dispositions juridiques du Programme d’Accélération de la Croissance (PAC). Lancé en 2007, ce programme illustre avec acuité les nouvelles configurations des liens entre l’État, le marché et le travail dans le Brésil contemporain par le biais des partenariats public-privé (PPP). Le texte montre en l’occurrence l’intensité des alliances entre le secteur public (le gouvernement fédéral, les États et les municipalités) et le secteur privé (les entreprises, les marchés financiers, les fonds de pension, les entrepreneurs) permis par ce programme et la manière dont l’État le supervise. Le PAC constitue en ce sens un exemple emblématique du modèle développement défendu par Lula et sur les modalités économiques que ce modèle présuppose.
L’industrie exportatrice et « l’autre frontière » mexicaine : Retour sur l’économie maquiladora du Yucatán
Authors: Castilla Ramos Beatriz , Torres Góngora Beatriz
Published: October 2015

Cette étude vise à retracer la genèse et les effets de l’implantation de l’industrie exportatrice dans un bassin d’emploi particulier du Mexique : le Yucatán. Depuis les années 1980, cette industrie a connu des phases d’expansion puis de reflux au gré des fluctuations du marché international, modifiant régulièrement les formes d’emploi de cette zone péninsulaire dépourvue de travail. Il sera alors question ici de comprendre les interactions entre les politiques de l’emploi menées par l’État, les attentes du marché et leurs effets sur les conditions de travail et d’existence de la population. En l’occurrence, cette industrie participe au développement de la région. Mais elle demeure incapable de pérenniser ces améliorations.
Bolivar et les indiens
Authors: Favre Henri
Published: October 2015

Pendant longtemps, Bolívar a emprunté à l’Europe l’image qu’il se faisait de l’Indien. Cette image rousseauiste vola en éclats à Pasto, lorsque la population indigène de la région se souleva en faveur de la monarchie espagnole, et arrêta la marche de l’armée colombienne vers le Pérou. Le « Bon Sauvage » devint alors soudainement un « Affreux Barbare » et il devait toujours le rester. Les décrets indigénistes de Bolívar, inspirés par l’idéologie libérale, jettent définitivement les bases de la politique que les nouvelles républiques latino-américaines allaient mener par la suite, pour faire de l’Indien un citoyen à part entière. Cependant le Libertador ne croît pas possible, ni souhaitable, l’intégration de la population indigène dans la nation en formation. Jusqu’à sa mort, son esprit demeurera hanté par le spectre de la « guerre des castes ».
Les muchachos dans la révolution sandiniste (Nicaragua 1978-1980)
Authors: Bataillon Gilles
Published: October 2015

On sait combien l’image des muchachos en armes a symbolisé la nouveauté de la révolution sandiniste. Ces muchachos étaient perçus comme la marque d’un renouveau politique qui donnerait une place sans équivalent aux jeunes issus des classes populaires qui apparaissaient comme les grands laissés pour compte de l’époque du Somozisme. Ce rôle rédempteur donné à la jeunesse n’est paradoxalement nullement une nouveauté dans les conceptions politiques nicaraguayennes comme le prouve l’ode à Roosevelt de Ruben Dario et sa postérité au Nicaragua, notamment dans l’œuvre de Ernesto Cardenal. Rallié au Front sandiniste, ce poète jouera un rôle central dans cette héroïsation des combattants du Front en lutte contre la barbarie somoziste. Fort de ces images reprises par des chansonniers comme les Mejia Godoy, les sandinistes vont se proclamer les portes paroles de ces muchachos exclus du jeu politique. Plus encore, ils argueront de l’importance des sacrifices consentis par la jeunesse, qui fournit le gros des combattants anti-somozistes, pour établir, dès les premiers moments, leur hégémonie sur le pouvoir mis en place au lendemain du renversement de Somoza.
From Aspirations to Aspirin?
Authors: Fescharek Nicolas
Published: October 2015

La littérature récente traitant de la politique européenne de sécurité et de défense tend à peindre un tableau sombre, évoquant essentiellement une histoire de déclin ou de complaisance ; elle décrit souvent une PESD/PSDC qui aurait commencé avec des aspirations élevées, souffrant désormais d’une forte « migraine » et risquant même de disparaître après la débâcle libyenne. Sans nier ces difficultés, cet article, qui examine le cas de l’Afghanistan, prend le contre-pied de ce « déclinisme » et propose de réfléchir à un rôle européen « par défaut » – mais avec des effets quasi stratégiques. Ainsi, il accepte la persistance de différences substantielles entre les cultures stratégiques nationales des états membres de l’UE, mais met en évidence le paradoxe que la convergence européenne autour de ce « rôle par défaut » est à la fois le résultat d’une volonté de – ou d’une complaisance vis-à-vis du – leadership américain, et l’expression accumulée d’une inertie globalement partagée, conservant ainsi une marge d’autonomie stratégique vis-à-vis des États-Unis. Cette notion d’un rôle par défaut est une approche plus appropriée au rôle de sécurité de l’Europe que les tentatives de penser une « culture stratégique européenne ».
Senior Care: Making a Difference in Long-Term Care of Older Adults
Authors: Marek Karen Dorman , Rantz Marilyn J. , Porter Rosemary T.
Published: October 2015

This article describes the creation of Senior Care, a practice of the University of Missouri Sinclair School of Nursing (MUSSON). Senior Care is a home care agency that specializes in care of frail older adults. Grant funds assisted Senior Care in start up, and the program generated more than $1.25 million in service revenue during the past fiscal year. More than 300 students, from nursing and other schools across the university, have used Senior Care as a clinical or service-learning site, and it is currently the site of several studies, totaling more than $3 million in funding. Senior Care is the service component of the MUSSON Aging in Place initiative. The next phase is the completion of Tiger Place, a living community for older adults, built in affiliation with Americare Systems. Senior Care and the Aging in Place initiative provide an excellent example of how nurses can be leaders in health system change.
Center for Integrated Health Care: Primary and Mental Health Care for People With Severe and Persistent Mental Illnesses
Authors: Marion Lucy N. , Braun Susan , Anderson Dawn , McDevitt Judith , Noyes Margaret , Snyder Marsha
Published: October 2015

The Center for Integrated Health Care capitalizes on the abilities, drive, and autonomy of advanced practice nurses, resulting in an exciting, timely academic nursing center exemplar. People with severe and persistent mental illnesses receive care that is targeted specifically to a population with chronic mental illnesses and tailored to the unique individual by integrating primary and mental health care. This Center is a partnership between Thresholds, a psychosocial rehabilitation center, staff and University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing faculty. The Center’s goals are to provide quality care, support teaching and learning for nursing and other health professional learners, and generate new knowledge related to the integration of mental and physical health care. To achieve long-term sustainability, the Center must partner with a federally qualified health center.
The Governor’s Wellmobile: Maryland’s Mobile Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Heller Barbara R. , Goldwater Marilyn R.
Published: October 2015

This article describes the development and implementation of the Governor’s Wellmobile program. Designed to increase access to community-based health care for uninsured, underserved populations and to provide innovative clinical practice, research, and education opportunities for students and faculty, this fleet of four full-service, primary care clinics “on wheels” is managed and operated by the University of Maryland School of Nursing, demonstrating that nurse-managed practice models are valuable to the state’s health care delivery system. Issues of long-term financial sustainability are presented, as well as lessons learned about the importance of public, private, and philanthropic partnerships and political support in ensuring the success of such programs.
Advanced olive selections with enhanced quality for minor constituents
Authors: Velasco L. , De la Rosa R. , León L.
Published: October 2015

Squalene, phytosterols and tocopherols are minor constituents of paramount importance for the olive fruit and oil quality. The objective of this research was to conduct a two-year evaluation of these compounds in the fruits of seven advanced breeding selections. They were mainly selected for early bearing and high oil content from progenies of crosses between the cultivars ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’. An analysis of variance showed high genotypic effects, non-significant year effects, and genotype x year interactions of low magnitude. The selections showed great variability for the traits, surpassing in some cases the parental values. One selection with total tocopherol content of 263 mg·kg−1 fruit flesh, compared to a maximum of 148 mg·kg −1 in the parents, and another one with Δ5-avenasterol concentration of 30.7% of total sterols, compared to a maximum of 22.1% in the parents, were the most relevant phenotypes. These selections may play an important role for improving olive fruit and oil quality for specific market niches.
Optimization and evaluation of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
Authors: Pang M. , He S. J. , Cao L. L. , Jiang S. T.
Published: October 2015

A Box-Behnken central composite design combined with the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters of a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of foxtail millet bran oil (FMBO). Results showed that a maximum oil yield of 7.97% was achieved under the optimal conditions with an extracting pressure of 30.03MPa, extracting temperature of 47.93 °C; and an extraction time of 2.3 h. The quality of the oil obtained from SFE and solvent extraction (SE) was evaluated by proximate analysis to include physicochemical properties, fatty acids and sterol compounds. The FBMO obtained from SFE showed a much lower phospholipid (0.188 mg/g) content and a preferable color compared to the oil from SE, while it contained a higher content of total sterols, 1.55%. The thermal gravimetric analysis results showed one major regime of weight loss over a temperature range of 300–500 °C. The results show that FBMO obtained by SFE can be a promising nutritional source for food fortification and is understood to have more potentially healthy biological properties.
Carrageenan type effect on soybean oil/soy protein isolate emulsion employed as fat replacer in panela-type cheese
Authors: Rojas-Nery E. , Güemes-Vera N. , Meza-Marquez O. G. , Totosaus A.
Published: October 2015

In order to modify the fatty acid profile of panela-type cheese (a Mexican fresh cheese), emulsified soybean oil with soy protein isolate and different carrageenan (iota, kappa or lambda) was employed as fat replacer. The replacement of milk fat in panela-type cheese resulted in higher cheese yield values and moisture content, besides a concomitant lower fat phase and higher protein content, due to a soy protein isolate in emulsified soybean oil. Fat replacement resulted in a harder but less cohesive, spring and resilient texture, where differences in texture could be attributed to the specific carrageenan-casein interactions within the rennet coagulated cheese matrix. The FTIR analysis showed that the milk fat replacement changed the fatty acid profile, also in function of the type of carrageenan employed. Lambda carrageenan containing emulsions improved moisture retention and maintained the textural properties of panela-type cheese.
Volatile compounds in the perirenal fat from calves finished on semiextensive or intensive systems with special emphasis on terpenoids
Authors: Soto S. , Serrano E. , Humada M. J. , Fernández-Diez A. , Caro I. , Castro A. , Mateo J.
Published: October 2015

Grazing ruminants and their production systems have been associated with lower environmental impact and higher animal welfare, along with distinctive meat quality characteristics when compared to intensively reared animals. Recent studies have been aimed at finding compounds in ruminant meat and fat which could be used as tracers of herbage feeding. This study determined and compared the volatile composition of the perirenal fat from Tudanca-breed calves reared on semi-extensive (SE; n=8) or intensive (I; n=8) systems. The volatile compounds of perirenal fat were analyzed using simultaneous distillation-extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with the mass spectra detector operating in full scan mode. Terpenes were also determined using solid-phase micro-extraction and GC/MS operating in the selective ion monitoring mode. The SE system resulted in decreased levels of octanal, 2-octenal and 2,4-decadienal, and increased levels of 2,3-octanedione and skatole. The levels of α-pinene, aromadendrene, α-phellandrene, eucalyptol and α-gurjunene were higher for the SE system. Fenchene, eucalyptol and α-gurjunene have not been reported in previous studies on beef volatiles. The study showed the possibility of using several terpenes of perirenal fat as indicators of pasture-feeding in Tudanca calves.
Is the extra virgin olive oil market facing a process of differentiation? A hedonic approach to disentangle the effect of quality attributes
Authors: Cabrera E. R. , Arriaza M. , Rodríguez-Entrena M.
Published: October 2015

The differentiation process by quality attributes continues to be an ongoing issue in the Spanish olive oil market. In addition, there is a significant percentage of uninformed consumers with erroneous and confusing ideas concerning this product of daily use. By estimating a hedonic price function using multiple regression analysis, this paper examines the price structure of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as well as the contribution of its attributes to the consumers’ utility function in comparison with other olive oils. The price and attributes have been collected from the labelling of the products at the main supermarkets in two olive oil-producing cities of southern Spain. The results show that the EVOO price is higher in products whose labels clearly indicate either the acidity or the olive variety, and bear the “Certified Quality” of the Andalusian logo. Nonetheless, several key attributes for a differentiation of quality were no significant such as flavor and PDO. The evaluation of these attributes implies the emergence of an incipient differentiation process. Furthermore, brands have an impact on the price of EVOO but it depends on whether they are private or manufacturer’s brands. This study provides insight into the Andalusian EVOO market as well as guidance for marketing strategies.