bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Сибирские заметки". Чиновника и сочинителя Ипполита Канарского в обработке М. Владимирского
Authors: Каменский Александр
Published: February 2025

В этой книге из серии "Новые источники по истории России. Rossica Inedita" публикуются "Сибирские заметки" Ипполита Канарского, представляющие собой написанные в жанре литературного сочинения эпохи сентиментализма воспоминания автора о его службе в Иркутской губернии в 1811–1813 гг. Воспоминания содержат как ценные черты чиновничьего быта, так и описания этнографического характера. В них реальные события в биографии автора — чиновника средней руки, близкого к масонским кругам, — соседствуют с вымышленными, что придает "Сибирским заметкам" характер литературной мистификации.
Книга адресована историкам и культурологам, а также широкому кругу читателей.
ORIENTAL TRAILS OF LIUDMYLA STARYTS’KA-CHERNYAKHIVS’KA
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ghosh Mridula
Published: February 2025

During the first two decades of the 20th century, Ukraine was part of the pan-European and world cultural space, as evidenced by the main literary events of that time. After the 1930s, this process was disrupted due to the repression of the intelligentsia and was not resumed for many years. In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore became the first non-European Nobel laureate in literature, and the first translations of his works were made into various European languages, which paved the way for the development of Indology as a branch of Oriental studies. Liudmyla Staryts’ka-Chernyakhivs’ka was actively involved in this literary process. The article analyzes Liudmyla Staryts’ka-Chernyakhivs’ka’s review of the book of the first translations of Rabindranath Tagore’s lyric poems into Ukrainian by Yury Syriy (Tyshchenko) “Sadovnyk” (“The Gardener”) in 1918, after the book was published.
The analysis of this review was carried out for the first time from the point of view of literary criticism. Comparing with two other reviews of the same book made at that time, Liudmyla Staryts’ka Chernyakhivs’ka’s review revealed her high professionalism, deep knowledge of the science and art of poetry translation and her brilliant literary criticism. The article also discusses the merits of the review from three aspects or perspectives – linguistic, historical and development of oriental studies, which are of great importance for the development of the art of translation, for the study of Tagoreana or Tagore’s legacy in Ukraine. Despite the negative assessment and harsh criticism from Liudmyla Staryts’ka Chernyakhivs’ka, the translation is historical and the review also is historical, because it analyzes Tagore’s first translations and is a contribution to the development of one of the direction of Oriental studies.
Immunocytochemical and morphometric changes in astroglial cells in the perifocal zone of the cerebral infarction model
Authors: Voronkov Dmitriy N. , Salnikova Olga V. , Khudoerkov Rudolf M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The perifocal zone of cerebral infarction contains dying and reactively altered neurons whose fate depends on the type of intracellular interactions and, in particular, on the response of astrocytes partaking both in neuronal damage and neuroprotection. The features of the response of astrocytes to ischemic injury and the role of their activation in gliosis have been studied insufficiently.
Objective. To evaluate the changes in astroglia in the perifocal zone of cerebral infarction depending on its reproduction time by immunomorphology and computerassisted morphometry.
Materials and methods. Infarction was induced in the left hemisphere of rat brain cortex (n=10) by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Astrocyte distribution and shape were assessed on day 3 and 21 after surgery; localization of gliofibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and glutamine synthetase (GlnS) in the perifocal zone was measured.
Results. Astrocyte shape and distribution, as well as GFAP expression, significantly altered depending on time that has passed since the infarction and distance to the injury focus. On day 3, the area occupied by astrocyte processes decreased by 15% of the control value, while increasing by 35% on day 21. Expression of GlnS and AQP4 near the infarction focus decreased on day 3, while opposite changes were observed on day 21. Redistribution of the studied proteins in processes of reactive astrocytes was also detected. Two morphological types of astrocytes were differentiated: the scarring polarized astrocytes, which were characterized by redistribution of marker proteins in processes, and the moderately altered transiently activated ones.
Conclusions. Astrocytes were found to be heterogeneous in the perifocal zone of cerebral infarction; a dependence between changes in their structure and function and the distance to the injury focus and time that passed after the infarction was revealed. The scarring and transiently activated astrocytes, which play different roles in remodeling and repair of ischemic neural tissue in the perifocal zone of cerebral infarction, were characterized by immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis.
Structural and functional neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Bakulin Ilya S. , Chervyakov Aleksandr V. , Kremneva Elena I. , Konovalov Rodion N. , Zakharova Maria N.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive central nervous system disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. It is important to study the features of the course and progression of neurodegeneration in ALS, since no effective methods for treating this disease have been developed yet. Despite the clear evidence that brain lesions in ALS are of multisystem nature, there are no objective biomarkers of lesions of the upper motor neuron and the extramotor areas of the brain. Structural and functional neuroimaging, such as MR brain morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), etc., have recently been playing a significant role in studying ALS. The results of neuroimaging studies are analyzed in this review in the context of using them to diagnose, predict, and monitor the course of ALS. Diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, PET, combination of several neuroimaging methods and their combination with transcranial magnetic stimulation are the most sensitive and specific techniques to be used to diagnose the disease. Diffusion tensor imaging and MR spectroscopy can be used to monitor and predict the disease course. The main limitations and shortcomings of the performed studies, as well as the possible outlook for using neuroimaging in ALS, are discussed.
The lack of H-reflex as an additional neurophysiological sign of development of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in children
Authors: Voitenkov Vladislav B. , Klimkin Andrey V. , Skripchenko Natal’ya V. , Grigor’ev Stepan V. , Aksenova Anastasiya I.
Published: February 2025

Early diagnosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is of fundamental importance for the timely prescription of therapy. The conventionally used techniques of electrophysiological diagnosis are not sensitive enough at early stages of development of the condition.
The objective of this work was to assess the applicability of studying H-reflex as a tool for early diagnosis of AIDP in children.
Materials and Methods. A total of 57 children were examined: 20 healthy children (range: 714 years; mean age 12 years) and 37 patients diagnosed with AIDP (range: 8-13 years; mean age 11 years). Electroneuromyography (ENMG) was performed on day 37 after the first symptoms had emerged. The velocity of impulse conduction along motor fibers, the amplitude of M responses during stimulation of nn. tibialis, ulnaris and medianus, as well as latency and threshold of M response and H-reflex during stimulation of m. soleus, was evaluated.
Results. No significant intergroup differences in amplitudes of motor responses and the velocity of impulse conduction were recorded, while the residual latency of M-response was significantly higher in the AIDP group. In individuals in the control group, the H-reflex was recorded in 100% of cases, while being recorded only in 2 (5.4%) patients in the AIDP group. In both patients, examination was performed as early as possible (day 3) after the onset of the first symptoms among the entire group examined.
Conclusions. In pediatric patients with AIDP, which develops on day 37 after the onset of the first symptoms, no H-reflex was recorded in 94.6% of cases. Investigation of the H-reflex at the early stage of AIDP in children can be used as an additional criterion for diagnosing the disease.
Neuroanatomic differences of the brain in males and females
Authors: Polunina Anna G. , Bryun Evgeniy A.
Published: February 2025

Gender distribution is an important factor in patient cohorts which may influence the results acquired in studies on pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In all age groups, the mean brain volume is approximately 815% larger in males than in females, so the absolute volumes of almost all neuronal and white matter brain structures are larger in males. Several studies showed that body size and brain volumes may influence the results of neuroanatomical studies. In addition, brain maturation rate is faster in females than in males which should be considered as another important contributor to possible inconsistencies in the results of studies of gender effects on neuroanatomy, particularly in cohorts of young patients. Taking those circumstances into account, the most consistent findings in this field demonstrated larger amygdala volume in males in comparison with females, which was applicable to both paediatric and adult populations. Data on gender differences in neuroanatomy of visual and auditory cortical areas seem to be reasonable. Larger relative volumes of limbic and paralimbic cortex in females in comparison with males were consistently found in a range of studies as well. Overall, global and regional hemisphere asymmetry values are more pronounced in males in comparison with females.
Markers of connective tissue dysplasia in cervical artery dissection and its predisposing factors
Authors: Gubanova Maria V. , Kalashnikova Lyudmila A. , Dobrynina Larisa A. , Shamtieva Кamila V. , Berdalin Aleksandr B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is the most frequent cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Arterial wall dysplasia underlies its weakness and predisposes to dissection.
Objective. To assess clinical signs of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in patients with CeAD using special criteria of CTD, and to evaluate predisposing factors for the CeAD development.
Materials and methods. We examined 80 patients (mean age 38,513,5; 49 females) with CeAD, verified by MRI/MRA and20 healthy volunteers. We estimated 48 signs of CTD included in the Villefranche diagnostic criteria for the vascular type of EhlersDanlos syndrome, the Ghent criteria for Marfan syndrome, the Beighton criteria of joint hypermobility and some others, as well as history of headache. Each sign was counted as present or absent, yielding the individual and mean CTD group scores.
Results. Clinical CTD signs were more frequently detected in patients with CeAD than in controls (mean score 7.9 3.6 vs. 4.6 2.5; p 0.0039). Significant signs (more than 8 points) were present in 53% of patients. Regression analysis was performed to determine diagnostic-prognostic value of CTD signs. The main diagnostic criteria included history of headache (p=0.022), arterial hypotension (р=0.012), extensive bruising (р=0.011), and widened atrophic scars (р=0.019). The additional diagnostic criteria included translucent skin (р=0.034), high palate (р=0.034), predisposition to constipation (р=0.050), nasal bleeding (р=0.043), and blue sclera (р=0.050). In the presence of the 4 main and 2 additional criteria, the predictive value of dissection according to regression model is 7577% (ROC analysis: AUC 0.90, 95% CI, 0.840.96). Most patients 97% had various predisposing factors of CeAD development, either isolated 47% or combined 50%.
Conclusions. The presence of the 4 main and 2 additional diagnostic criteria of CTD has a high predictive value of CeAD and can be used as its diagnostic-prognostic criteria. Dissection of the arterial wall with signs of dysplasia is provoked by various additional factors.
Diagnosis and management of traumatic neuropathy
Authors: Tanashyan Marine M. , Maksimova Marina Yu. , Fedin Pavel A. , Lagoda Olga V. , Musaeva Elvira M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Traumatic trigeminal neuropathy in neurological practice occurs relatively rarely.Objectives. To study clinical and neurophysiological features of traumatic trigeminal neuropathy caused by orthognathic surgeries.Materials and methods. Patients (n=24; aged 2356 years) undergone orthognathic surgery, in short-term postoperative period (no more than 1 month since the surgery) received a therapeutic course of rhythmic magnetic stimulation. Stimulation pulse was 11.5 T, pulsing frequency 1 Hz, duration of the treatment 1520 minutes daily, the course of treatment 10 days. Acoustic brainstem and trigeminal evoked potentials were recorded.Results. The clinical picture of post-operative trigeminal neuropathy is dominated by hypoesthesia of varying severity, and the trigger zone of the face and in the mouth are not determined. Tenderness of trigeminal nerve exit point was observed in 2nd, 3rd as well as in all three branches of the trigeminal nerve. In the study of acoustic brainstem evoked potentials there were identified changes at the medulla-pontine level more evident on one side (usually on the right), shortening of the latent periods of three peaks, IIIIV peaks amplitudes increase on both sides, and confluence of IIIII peaks, mostly on one side. Reduction of latency and increase of amplitude of trigeminal evoked potentials components indicate dysfunction of the trigeminal system on both sides. Clinical effect expressed in improvement of sensitive disturbanses after the course of rhythmic magnetic stimulation was observed in 83% of patients; at the same time there was observed some delay of improvement of neurophysiological symptoms.Conclusion. Clinical-neurophysiological dissociation after the course of rhythmic magnetic stimulation can be explained by the short term of the course, incomplete recovery of functions of the structures involved in the stimuli conduction, as well as by the lack of adequate medical support.
Long-Term Monitoring of Bat Activity and Species Richness Reveals Changes in Northwest Ohio Bat Communities
Authors: Russo-Petrick Kelly , Root Karen
Published: February 2025

Bat populations are declining worldwide because of threats such as white-nose syndrome and habitat loss. Multiple-year studies are advantageous for looking at population trends over time and determining the extent of declines. While numerous multiple-year studies have been conducted for bats, they are limited in regional and local coverage. This study compiled the results of 282 walking surveys across 10 years of acoustic bat recording data collected in 3 northwest Ohio parks from 2011 to 2021 to examine temporal trends in bat activity. Overall bat activity (all species combined, average per night) decreased from 2011 to 2018 but showed a slight positive trend from 2019 to 2021. Average activity per night for big brown (Eptesicus fuscus), northern long-eared (Myotis septentrionalis), and little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) decreased significantly (75%, 95%, and 33% decreases from 2011 to 2021, respectively). Average activity per night of hoary (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) increased significantly in activity until 2016 (169% and 163% increase from 2011 to 2016, respectively) before decreasing in activity to be closer to initial levels, although their general trend in activity was positive overall (92% and 32% increase from 2011 to 2021, respectively). These data show the advantages of monitoring bat activity over more years to make inferences about population trends. Significant decreases in activity for big brown, little brown, and northern long-eared bats from 2011 to 2021 suggest alterations in bat community structure. These results illustrate a decline in overall bat activity over the last decade. This study also provides an example of volunteer-collected long-term bat monitoring data.
Proposal to change the layout in a job shop environment in a beverage filling machinery industry
Authors: Rubbo Jéssica , Cecconello Ivandro
Published: February 2025

The decision-making process in organizations has been the subject of several researchers and managers and much has been explored on the topic, seeking methodologies with a focus on increasing performance and productivity while keeping them competitive in the market. The objective of this work was to apply VSM combined with computer simulation of discrete events as tools to guide decision-making to change the job shop layout of a special machinery company, where the need to make changes in the Welding CDI sector arose, given its importance for the company. Through VSM it was possible to highlight current state problems and seek solutions to correct them. Then, with computer simulation, a scenario was designed in a future state, allowing the results to be compared. As a result, the proposed layout presented a 75% reduction in internal displacement between resources, a 7% increase in the number of packages processed, a 19% reduction in package delivery lead time and a significant improvement in equipment utilization. The application of VSM combined with computer simulation provides greater assertiveness in decision making, as it allows you to identify current problems and test alternatives and future scenarios even before implementing them.
Latent Profiles of Self-Directed Learning Competency in Low-Income Adolescents: Relationships Between Psychological, Social, and Career Development Factors
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Choi Eunyoung
Published: February 2025

This study aims to classify low-income adolescents into distinct groups based on their self-directed learning (SDL) competency and examine how these groups differ in psychological characteristics, social relationships, and career development competencies. The study analyzed data from 2,796 high school students (1,033 male, 1,763 female) participating in the Mentoring Dream Scholarship Program of the Samsung Dream Scholarship Foundation. Using latent profile analysis, three SDL competency groups emerged: the “High SDL Group”(89.1%, n=2,490), the “Low SDL Group”(4.9%, n=138), and the “Low Time Management, High Academic Effort Group” (6.0%, n=168). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that higher psychological stability and peer support increased the likelihood of belonging to the “High SDL Group,” while higher teacher support was associated with membership in the “Low Time Management, High Academic Effort Group.” Students with lower resilience, career planning, and career awareness, coupled with higher career decision-making difficulties, were more likely to belong to the “Low SDL Group as well.”
A Study on the Development of an Evaluation Tool for Managing the Quality of University Major Curricula: Focusing on the Case of H University
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Seo Ilbo
Published: February 2025

This study aims to develop and validate an evaluation tool for systematically managing the quality of major curricula. To achieve this, the concepts and models of curriculum evaluation were reviewed, and research trends related to curriculum evaluation at home and abroad were analyzed. In addition, the ADDIE model and CIPP model were combined to design a framework capable of systematically evaluating the entire process of major curricula. Based on the evaluation criteria derived from this framework, an evaluation tool was developed consisting of four evaluation areas, 14 evaluation items, and 33 evaluation indicators. The validity of this tool was verified through two rounds of Delphi surveys. The developed evaluation tool was further validated for practical applicability through discussions with practitioners and researchers responsible for managing major curricula at H University. It was confirmed that the tool could be effectively utilized to assess and improve the operational status of academic curricula by linking it with major competency evaluation reports and course satisfaction survey results. Notably, this study provides significant value by reflecting the perspectives of diverse educational stakeholders and offering a systematic basis for determining necessary actions at each stage of context, input, process, and product in curriculum evaluation. This study goes beyond fragmented evaluations to present a tool for systematically managing and improving the quality of major curricula, contributing to the enhancement of higher education quality and student learning outcomes. Future research should focus on verifying the applicability of the tool across diverse settings and conducting long-term analyses to further validate its effectiveness.
Korean Democratic Consolidation Through Reform Policies of the Civilian Government: Case Analysis and Evaluation
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Yu Kyungha
Published: February 2025

This study attempted to analyze the types and characteristics of the civil government reform policy from the perspective of solidifying Korean democracy after the implementation of democratization in Korea, and to comprehensively discuss the characteristics of democratic solidification and its evaluation. Discussions on solidifying democracy were further divided into passive and active solidification, and in passive solidification discussions, it was analyzed that some democratic solidification was achieved. However, by analyzing the parts that did not reach the level of solidification through other cases, it was also defined as a limited democracy. On the other hand, when expanding to active solidification discussions, it was evaluated that democratization in the procedural and process aspect was not achieved as a result of analyzing the reform policy by approaching the leader's communication method, characteristics, and governance style, which is why it is defined as delegated democracy. In summary, it is true that since the inauguration of the civil government, Korean democracy has made significant progress in both superficial and formal aspects since its solidification began. In particular, political reforms related to the liquidation of authoritarian remnants can give a relatively positive evaluation, but if the discussion is expanded to the practical and content aspects, democracy cannot be considered institutionalized and internalized. This is because, in political reform for democratic solidification, it has not led to the realization of practical democracy through participation and institutionalization of parliament, political parties, and civil society, and in the content, unreasonable and inefficient authoritarian practices, such as worsening economic inequality and distribution conflicts, and the exclusion of political participation from underprivileged groups, have been repeated.
Young Children’s Findings and Understanding During Free Play
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Kim Wheetai
Published: February 2025

This study examined young children’s findings and understanding during play with peers. 15 young children had been observed for 9 months in the preschool classroom. The results in this study were as follows. First, the findings and understanding of young children in this study were grouped as three domains, which is findings and understanding about an object’s property and characteristics, social concepts, and math concepts. The meaning of the findings implies that young children’s play and interactions with peers is the zone for their findings and understanding of information. The study found that young children relied on sensory perception and impression, experimentation with exploration, and social interactions with peers. Also, this study implies play materials are the preferred way to get into peer’s play than the linguistic strategy. In results, this study means that early childhood teachers are important to utilize the curriculum for young children to positively affect play and associated interactions with peers.
A Study on the Experience and Meaning of Faculty Turnover in Local Universities
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Han Songie , Kim Kyeongeon
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of faculty turnover in local universities and to explore the experiences and meanings associated with faculty transitions before and after such turnovers. To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with five faculty members who had worked at local universities and transitioned to other institutions within the past five years. Using an inductive analysis approach, the study identified key themes related to their experiences and the meanings ascribed to these transitions. The analysis revealed that, prior to turnover, faculty members faced challenges such as a wavering sense of professional identity, strained relationships with colleagues, and organizational as well as personal instabilities. Following their transitions, they reported feelings of anxiety about new beginnings, aspirations for a more stable life, and a renewed sense of purpose as educators and researchers. Faculty turnover was perceived as a process of survival and a means to rediscover personal, academic, and educational identities while seeking improved professional environments. The findings underscore that the ability of university faculty to secure their identity and stability plays a critical role in their professional satisfaction, reflecting an essential aspect of survival rather than merely a pursuit of better conditions. Based on these insights, the study provides academic and practical implications, emphasizing the need to expand research on faculty identity in light of the evolving roles of university faculty. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of improving organizational culture within universities to enhance overall faculty satisfaction and adaptability.
Methodological Implications of the Cultural Sociological Approach to Defining Civic Qualifications
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Chang Hyeokjune
Published: February 2025

One of the priorities of civic education should be to identify the principle (existent method) that defines what qualifies a citizen to live in a society. As a foundational work, this study aims to explore the possibility of using a cultural sociological approach to investigate how civic qualifications are defined in democratic societies. To address this issue, the study first examined the cultural sociological approach as a methodological foundation, then revealed the inner principle of cultural systems, and finally discussed the significance of cultural code analysis. Here are the results of the study. First, the binary categorization of ‘the sacred’ and ‘the profane’ is arbitrary in cultural sociological approach. Second, culture as a system of meaning is the mediator between human behavior and social structure, and qualification of citizens is a cultural construct that has been adjusted and agreed upon in this process. Third, the duality and mutual regulation of cultural codes, which are divided into ‘democratic’ and ‘anti-democratic’ codes serve as criteria and assessments for civic qualification. Through this study, it was found that the process of interpreting the components of the social structure (discourse structure) into cultural codes establishes the ideological type of civil society, which can be defined as civic qualifications.
Abnormal motivational situation – psychological and criminal law aspects
Authors: Drabik Damian
Published: February 2025

Zasadniczym celem niniejszego artykułu jest zdefiniowanie i operacjonalizacja pojęcia anormalnej sytuacji motywacyjnej w kontekście przepisów części ogólnej i szczególnej kodeksu karnego. Dodatkowo w artykule zaproponowano rozszerzenie zakresu zastosowania tego pojęcia także w odniesieniu do ofiary przestępstwa, uzasadniając to tym, że w przypadku niektórych czynów zabronionych anormalna sytuacja motywacyjna w ujęciu wiktymologicznym ma niezwykle ważny wpływ na genezę przestępstwa. Analiza przeprowadzona artykule opiera się na metodzie jakościowej i ma charakter dwupłaszczyznowy. Bazując na założeniach nauki psychologii, a w szczególności na rozważaniach dotyczących problematyki motywacji, pozwala na stworzenie definicji anormalnej sytuacji motywacyjnej, a także zestawienie jej z pojęciami sytuacji trudnej oraz sytuacji kryminogennej i nakreślenie różnic oraz podobieństw pomiędzy nimi. Rozważania na drugiej płaszczyźnie, prawnokarnej, dzięki analizie poglądów przedstawicieli nauki prawa karnego oraz orzecznictwa pozwalają na wstępne usystematyzowanie katalogu przepisów części ogólnej i szczególnej kodeksu karnego, co do których można zastosować pojęcie anormalnej sytuacji motywacyjnej.
Milites amphibii The Baltic Port Cities’ Military Role for Sweden as a Great Power, 1561–1815
Authors: Tuchtenhagen Ralph
Published: February 2025

Artykuł porusza jeden z typowych taktycznych sposobów działania w okresie, gdy Szwecja była mocarstwem, nazywany później w historiografii „wojną amfibijną”. W kontekście tematycznym historii bałtyckich miast portowych odnosi się to do pytania, jaką rolę mogły pełnić miasta portowe w operacjach amfibijnych w czasach wojny i pokoju. Niniejszy tekst zajmuje się zatem specyficznymi aspektami operacji amfibijnych, takimi jak załadunki i wyładunki w miastach portowych, problemy logistyczne oraz garnizony w miastach portowych i poza nimi, kwestie zaopatrzenia, transferów, relokacji i zakwaterowania żołnierzy, konflikty między mieszczanami a żołnierzami oraz ogólnie pojęte „osobowości amfibijne” (milites amphibii). Ogólną tezą jest stwierdzenie, że podstawowym warunkiem wszystkich operacji amfibijnych była dominacja Szwecji nad bałtyckimi szlakami morskimi, zapewniana przez potężną flotę. W konsekwencji, operacje amfibijne napotykały poważne trudności lub były całkowicie niemożliwe, gdy ta dominacja została utracona na rzecz flot nieprzyjaciela.
The Contract for the Construction of Ocean Liners MS “Piłsudski” and MS “Batory” of 29 November 1933
Authors: Drozd Jarosław
Published: February 2025

Artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie okoliczności zawarcia i treść umowy z 29 listopada 1933 r.,
pomiędzy “Polskim Transatlantyckim Towarzystwem Okrętowym SA” (PTTO), a “Cantieri
Riuniti dell’Adriatico (CRDA),” na budowę transatlantyków M/S “Piłsudski” i M/S “Batory.”
PTTO, polsko-duńską linię żeglugową powołano do życia 16 lutego 1929 r. na mocy umowy
podpisanej przez Ministerstwo Przemysłu i Handlu z “A/S Det Østasiatiske Kompagni.”
Pod polską banderę przeszły wówczas 3 parowce transatlantyckie (“Pułaski,” “Kościuszko”
i “Polonia”), które miały zapewnić regularną wymianę pasażersko-towarową między Gdynią Halifaxem i Nowym Jorkiem. Niekorzystne wyniki eksploatacyjne i kryzys gospodarczy lat
1931–1932 sprawiły, że PTTO, podobnie jak inne polskie towarzystwa żeglugowe, posiadające
przestarzałe statki, nie będący w stanie rywalizować z zagranicznymi konkurentami, zmuszone
zostały do ich wymiany na nowoczesne – najszybsze i najtańsze w eksploatacji. Jako że
zakup gotowych nowych, okazał się niemożliwy, postanowiono zlecić ich budowę włoskiemu
przedsiębiorstwu CRDA z Triestu, które zaproponowało stronie polskiej statki dobre i tanie
w eksploatacji oraz dogodne warunki kredytowe i koncepcję kompensaty węglowej. Włosi
zgłosili też gotowość zakupu w ciągu kolejnych lat węgla kamiennego z kopalń śląskich,
prawie w pełni odpowiadającej wartością cenie statków. Umowę na budowę motorowców
“Piłsudski” i “Batory” podpisano 29 listopada 1933 r. w Warszawie i z tą chwilą rozpoczął
się okres wykonywania nadzoru nad jej wykonaniem przez Komisję Nadzorczą. Wodowanie
“Piłsudskiego” odbyło się 19 grudnia 1934 r. w stoczni Monfalcone, a do portu w Gdyni zawinął
12 września 1935 r. Dwa dni później odbyła się na nim uroczystość poświęcenia i podniesienia
polskiej bandery, a 15 września 1935 r. “Piłsudski” opuścił port gdyński, udając się w pierwszą
podróż do Nowego Jorku. Uroczystość spuszczenia na wodę “Batorego” odbyła się 3 lipca
1935 r. w Monfalcone, zaś poświęcenie polskiej bandery 17 września 1936 r. w Gdyni. Dwa
dni później transatlantyk wyruszył w pierwszą podróż do Nowego Jorku, odbywając odtąd
regularne rejsy na zmianę z “Piłsudskim,” a w okresie letnim, w przerwach między rejsami,
odbywał wycieczki turystyczne do portów europejskich. Nowe transatlantyki były doskonałą
inwestycją żeglugową, będąc najnowocześniejszymi jednostkami tego typu, pływającymi na
morzach północno-wschodniej i centralno-wschodniej Europy. Po wybuchu II wojny światowej
zostały zarekwirowane przez Brytyjczyków. “Piłsudski” pływał jako pomocniczy krążownik
i 26 listopada 1939 r., zatonął podczas pierwszego rejsu do Australii. “Batory,” po przebudowie
i uzbrojeniu, przez 6 lat służył w czasie II wojny światowej, po czym w 1946 r. zwrócono go
spółce GAL i ponownie podniesiono na nim ponownie polską banderę.
Distribution of Seafarers’ Earnings Versus Salary Distribution in Poland – Statistical Analysis
Authors: Turczak Anna
Published: February 2025

Although remuneration is not the sole determinant of workplace attractiveness, it is considered
the most crucial factor. The aim of this article is to assess the pattern of seafarers’ incomes in
comparison to salaries in the national economy. To achieve this goal, a statistical analysis of
earnings distribution in the seafarers’ cohort and the distribution of all earnings in Poland
was conducted, followed by relevant comparisons. The article begins with an introduction
presenting the research problem and concludes with key findings. The main part of the work consists of a detailed description of the applied methodology and the presentation of the
obtained results along with their interpretation. All calculations were based on data from
the Central Statistical Office. The validity of the hypothesis was confirmed, indicating that
the income distribution in the seafarers’ cohort has a higher average value but smaller dispersion,
skewness, and concentration than the income distribution in the entire population
of employees in Poland.
Familian zentratutako ikuspegia Kontzeptualizazioa eta eredu operatiborako proposamena
Authors: Villaescusa María ,   Universidad de Deusto, Martínez Natxo ,   Universidad de Deusto
Published: February 2025

Ikuspegi askotatik, familiek pertsonen bizitzan duten garrantzia onartzen da. Adimen- eta garapen-desgaitasunen esparruan, familiek oso leku desberdinak bete dituzte denboran zehar. Azken urteotan, testuinguru komunitarioen errebalorizazioarekin batera, familiaren testuinguruaren errebalorizazioa ere eman da, laguntzak zehazteko orduan familiak erdian jarriz.

Familian Zentratutako Ikuspegiak planteamendu horiek zehazten ditu, familiak aditu eta gai eta profesionalentzat eta arduradun politikoentzat ezinbesteko bazkide gisa hartzean oinarritutako printzipio eta jardunbide multzoaren bitartez. Esparru horretan, FEVAS Plena Inclusión Euskadik Familian Zentratutako Ikuspegia garatzearen eta sakontzearen, indarrean jartzen ari diren alderdiak identifikatzearen eta bertako kide diren erakundeen errealitatean aplikatzeko modu berriak aztertzearen aldeko apustua egin du.

Liburu honek FEVAS Plena inclusión Euskadi eta Deustuko Unibertsitateko Hezkuntza eta Kirol Fakultateko «Esku-hartzea: Bizi Kalitatea eta Gizarteratzea» ikerketa-taldeak gauzatutako elkarlaneko ikerketa-proiektuaren emaitza nagusiak aurkezten ditu. Familien eta profesionalen ikuspegitik helburua, familien ongizatean, ahalduntzean eta lankidetzan gehien laguntzen duten jardunbideak identifikatzea, eta erakundeetatik adimen- eta garapen-desgaitasunena duten pertsonen aldeko garapena bultzatzea ahalbidetuko duen eredua eskaintzea izan da. Horretarako, prozesu metodologikoa eta lortutako emaitzak adostu eta balioztatu dituzten ikertzaileek, profesionalek eta familiek osatutako izaera mistoko talde eragilea sortu da. Hauek izan dira talde eragileko kideak: Oiane Uriarte (APDEMA), Emilio Arizaga eta Laura Díaz (APNABI-AUTISMO BIZKAIA), Mikel Álvarez, Esther Bogajo, Natalia Marañón eta Miriam Ruiz (ASPACE GIPUZKOA), Ana Acarregui, Naiara Fernández eta Tatiana Urien (GAUDE), Jimmy Brosa (GAUTENA), Elena Chavarri, Paki Lajas eta Josune Martínez (ULIAZPI), eta Valeria García-Landarte, Begoña Pérez del Palomar eta Lucía Soria (FEVAS Plena inclusión Euskadi).
Jednostka, zło, historia w myśli Rousseau
Authors: Pieniążek Paweł
Published: February 2025

Książka poświęcona jest myśli Rousseau – myśliciela znanego, a jednak niedocenianego. Przedstawia kluczowe wątki jego myśli ześrodkowane wokół kwestii zła, historii i miejsca w niej jednostki, zarówno w odniesieniu do apokaliptycznej diagnozy kryzysu świata oświeceniowo-nowoczesnego, jak i rozwiązań emancypacyjnych. Wątki te zostały zaprezentowane w dwóch przenikających się planach. W planie ewolucji myśli Rousseau publikacja analizuje jej sprzeczności i trudności, by ukazać przejście od pism teoretycznych do pism autobiograficznych. W tym względzie stawia kilka tez. Po pierwsze przejście to ukazuje jako wyraz załamania się teoretycznej myśli Rousseau. Po drugie naznaczone obłędem Rousseau pisma autobiograficzne stanowią integralną część jego myśli filozoficznej w tej mierze, w jakiej wyciąga on w nich dramatyczne konsekwencje ze swej myśli teoretycznej i rozpoznaje jej porażkę: widzi w nich dzieło zależności i zniewolenia, które w projektach emancypacyjnych usiłował znieść na rzecz nowoczesnej zasady autonomii. Po trzecie pisma teoretyczne jawią się jako eksperymenty, świadome swych kruchych, hipotetycznych założeń. Po czwarte pisma autobiograficzne określają nową postawę wobec świata: samotniczy zwrot ku naturze. Rousseau przechodzi w nich od porządku eksperymentu do porządku marzenia. W drugim planie Rousseau zostaje ukazany jako myśliciel wykraczający poza ograniczenia epoki oświecenia i otwierający ją na świat nowoczesny. Rozpoznaje on dialektykę oświecenia, opisując zasadnicze problemy i bolączki nowoczesności, na które udziela nowoczesnej już odpowiedzi.
Transcriptomic Study on Variations in Tenderness of Tibetan Lamb Meat
Authors: Du Zhina , Sun Wu , Xiang Yang , Hao Lizhuang , Jin Xiayang , Ma Shike
Published: February 2025

Background: Tibetan sheep meat plays a pivotal role in the husbandry sector of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods: We adopted a detailed sequencing and analysis strategy to verify the molecular mechanism of tenderness variation in different Tibetan sheep meat. Result: Transcriptomic analysis revealed 824 differentially expressed genes in Tibetan sheep muscle tissues of varying tenderness, encompassing 241 upregulated and 583 downregulated genes. Genes including MyoD, PAK6, PDGFRA, Myf5, IGF, GH, FGF and GDF8 were implicated, involving critical processes such as muscle development, growth and metabolism. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses unveiled significant enrichment phenomena pertaining to biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. Validation via qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of eight candidate genes. These findings offer theoretical and practical insights for enhancing Tibetan sheep meat quality through genetic regulation.
Social Protection, Community Participation and State-citizen Relations: Evidence from a Cash Transfer Programme in South-central Somalia
Authors: van den Boogaard Vanessa , Santoro Fabrizio , Walker Michael , Beyuo Tracy
Published: February 2025

Cash transfers are an increasingly popular development intervention. Many studies have focused on the positive impacts of cash transfers on the socio-economic welfare of recipients. Meanwhile, relatively little has been covered regarding when, and under what conditions, cash transfers can have potentially transformative social effects in improving inclusive governance, local development and state-society relations. This study considers whether cash transfers may enable recipients to make informal tax contributions to local community development projects in south-central Somalia.
Simplified Taxation in Africa: What We Know – and Need to Know
Authors: Gallien Max , Hoy Christopher , Komatsu Hitomi , Ozer Ceren , Rogan Michael , van den Boogaard Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Most economic operators in Africa are small and informal firms that fall under the purview of presumptive or simplified tax regimes (STRs). These taxes are expected to fulfil a range of functions, from raising revenue to facilitating formalisation and improving revenue authorities' data, and yet their effectiveness and impact are surprisingly under-researched. Meanwhile, emerging evidence suggests that STRs often raise little revenue, disproportionately impact low-income earners, and are inconsistently applied. This policy brief summarises what we know about simplified taxes in Africa, who pays them, and why they matter, while highlighting gaps in existing knowledge. It makes the argument that there is a need for a new policy conversation on simplified taxation, and one that is data-driven and evidence-based.
Estimation of Extreme Quantiles of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Using South African Data
Authors: Shoko Claris , Sigauke Caston
Published: February 2025

Forecasting is important in any scientific field, including COVID-19 epidemiology. Daily confirmed COVID-19 cases are in different phases characterised by peaks, making it difficult for most mathematical models to handle. In such cases, extreme value theory plays a critical role because values of interest are usually far away from the mean. In this paper, we develop mathematical models using Extreme values to capture uncertainties of forecasts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic using real-time data. A three-stage approach to probabilistic forecasting is used in this study. The stochastic gradient boosting, generalised additive model, additive quantile regression, and the nonlinear quantile regression are used to predict extremely high quantiles, i.e. 0.95-, 0.99- and 0.995-quantiles. The second stage combines each model's predicted extremely high quantiles using the weighted mean and median methods. The pinball loss and coverage probabilities are used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions in the third stage. For all the extreme quantiles, i.e. the 0.95-, 0.99- and 0.995-quantiles, the cubic spline regression method gives the best predictions based on the lowest pinball losses, which are 171.41, 563.49 and 115.28, respectively. The weighted mean average model dominated by the mean is the second best based on the pinball losses but the best based on the coverage probability. This study provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of different models for short-term extreme quantile prediction of COVID-19. Estimating extreme quantiles of daily COVID-19 using models with high predictive capabilities, such as the weighted mean-median model dominated by the mean, is important to public health officials and policymakers for planning and preparing for potential surges in CoVID-19 cases and similar pandemics in the future.
Synergistic Approaches for Accurate Arrhythmia Prediction: A Hybrid AI Model Integrating Higuchi Dimensional Fractal, RR-intervals and Attention-based Convolutional Neural Network in ECG Signal Analysis
Authors: Berrahou Nadia , El Alami Abdelmajid , El Alami Rachid , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, numerous methods for detecting arrhythmias using a 12-lead ECG have emerged, with deep learning approaches notably demonstrating effectiveness and gaining widespread adoption. However, the classification of inter-patient ECG data for arrhythmia detection remains a significant challenge. Despite the increased utilization of deep learning methodologies, a noticeable gap persists in achieving optimal performance in inter-patient ECG classification. In this paper, we introduce a new method based on a 1D deep learning model that incorporates an attention mechanism into convolutional neural networks for arrhythmia detection. 1D-CNN layers automatically extract morphological characteristics from ECG data, providing an accurate technique for spatial feature extraction. Simultaneously, the attention mechanism enables the model to focus on crucial segments of a signal. To enhance temporal context, four RR-interval features are included, and the potential of the Higuchi Dimensional Fractal is explored as a method for extracting additional features from ECG signals. Consequently, the classification layers benefit from the combination of both temporal and deep features, contributing to the final arrhythmia classification. We validated the proposed method using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset, employing an inter-patient paradigm for model training and validation. Additionally, to assess its generalization ability, we tested it on the INCART dataset. The proposed method attained an average accuracy of 98.75% for three classes and 97.96% for four classes on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset. On the INCART dataset, it achieves an average accuracy of 98.12% for three classes. The experimental results indicate the superiority of this method in comparison to existing methods for recognizing arrhythmias. Thus, our method demonstrates enhanced generalization and potential effectiveness in identifying arrhythmias in real-world datasets characterized by class imbalances, showcasing its practical applicability.
Mixed Emotion Recognition Through Facial Expression using Transformer-Based Model
Authors: Jaya Akeh Limas , Putra Kusuma Gede
Published: February 2025

Basic facial expressions such as Angry, Disgust, Surprised, Happy, Scared, and Sadness can express emotions. However, in conversations, compound emotions can form Mixed Facial emotions, a combination of basic emotions that is much more complex Mixed emotion recognition is a recent study that has not been researched enough, even though datasets already contain mixed emotions This research aims to implement and fine-tune Transformer-based models such as Vision Transformer, Swin Transformer v2, and ConvNet-based model such as ConvNeXt architecture to identify and recognize mixed emotions through human faces using the IMED Dataset Various configurations with fine-tuned hyperparameters are tested and vary between each model The result shows that Vision Transformer architecture outperform other models in Mixed Emotion Recognition from Facial expressions and reach up to 79.37% Testing accuracy compared to Swin Transformer v2 model with 65.36% Testing accuracy and ConvNext with 74.77% Testing accuracy.