bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and dispersal of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in urban Melbourne
Authors: Robinson Nicholas A. , Marks Clive A.
Published: September 2002

This study sought to investigate the potential for gene flow and dispersal
between three sampled populations of urban Melbourne foxes
(Vulpes vulpes). Five highly polymorphic canine
microsatellites were used to investigate the population structure of foxes.
The dispersal of 14 foxes, captured and radio-collared as cubs, were monitored
periodically over two years. Dispersal estimates for males and females were
also calculated from published regression equations that related social group
density to dispersal distance. Genetic differentiation between urban
populations was greater than between more widely spaced rural populations and
was also greater than that found between San Remo and Phillip Island
populations, which are separated by a water barrier. A deficiency of
heterozygotes was detected in the total Melbourne population, but not at any
of the field sites. Mean dispersal distances after 24 months (male =
3.5 km, female = 2.0 km) compared well with published accounts of
dispersal in British cities. Dispersal distance estimates for female foxes
from all sites were lower than straight-line distance for all but one site.
Both the genetic and ecological data suggest a restricted ability for foxes to
disperse between sites within urban Melbourne.
Latitudinal variation in the sociality of allodapine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): sex ratios, relatedness and reproductive differentiation
Authors: Cronin Adam L. , Schwarz Michael P.
Published: September 2002

Variation in sociality of two Australian allodapine bees was investigated over
a latitudinal range of 10˚, spanning subtropical to cool temperate
forests in eastern Australia. Exoneura robusta is
univoltine and singly brooded in southern populations but is able to produce
two broods per season in northern populations, leading to opportunities for
sib rearing by older brood members. In contrast, sympatric colonies of
E. angophorae show no such variation with latitude, and
all populations exhibit some colonies where opportunities for sib rearing
arise. Patterns of ovarian differentiation, relatedness and sex allocation
were examined over a one-year period for these two sympatric species in four
populations. Within each species, the timing of ovarian development and the
degree of reproductive skew were similar at all sites, but the onset of
egg-laying and brood development was earlier in
E. angophorae than in E. robusta.
Relatedness and sex allocation patterns in northern populations of these
species were not markedly different from southern populations. Selection for
female-biased sex allocation and high reproductive skew in
Exoneura probably stems from strong benefits from
cooperative nesting, and our results suggest that opportunities for sib
rearing (and eusociality) in these species may depend on latitudinally
mediated brood development rates, and are unrelated to levels of sex bias and
relatedness.
Agrin plays an organizing role in the formation of sympathetic synapses
Authors: Gingras Jacinthe , Rassadi Siamak , Cooper Ellis , Ferns Michael
Published: September 2002

Agrin is a nerve-derived factor that directs neuromuscular synapse formation, however its role in regulating interneuronal synaptogenesis is less clear. Here, we examine agrin's role in synapse formation between cholinergic preganglionic axons and sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) using agrin-deficient mice. In dissociated cultures of SCG neurons, we found a significant decrease in the number of synapses with aggregates of presynaptic synaptophysin and postsynaptic neuronal acetylcholine receptor among agrin-deficient neurons as compared to wild-type neurons. Moreover, the levels of pre- and postsynaptic markers at the residual synapses in agrin-deficient SCG cultures were also reduced, and these defects were rescued by adding recombinant neural agrin to the cultures. Similarly, we observed a decreased matching of pre- and postsynaptic markers in SCG of agrin-deficient embryos, reflecting a decrease in the number of differentiated synapses in vivo. Finally, in electrophysiological experiments, we found that paired-pulse depression was more pronounced and posttetanic potentiation was significantly greater in agrin-deficient ganglia, indicating that synaptic transmission is also defective. Together, these findings indicate that neural agrin plays an organizing role in the formation and/or differentiation of interneuronal, cholinergic synapses.
A Crucial Role for the p110δ Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in B Cell Development and Activation
Authors: Clayton Elizabeth , Bardi Giuseppe , Bell Sarah E. , Chantry David , Downes C. Peter , Gray Alexander , Humphries Lisa A. , Rawlings David , Reynolds Helen , Vigorito Elena , Turner Martin
Published: September 2002

Mice lacking the p110δ catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase have reduced numbers of B1 and marginal zone B cells, reduced levels of serum immunoglobulins, respond poorly to immunization with type II thymus-independent antigen, and are defective in their primary and secondary responses to thymus-dependent antigen. p110δ−/− B cells proliferate poorly in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 signals in vitro, fail to activate protein kinase B, and are prone to apoptosis. p110δ function is required for BCR-mediated calcium flux, activation of phosphlipaseCγ2, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Thus, p110δ plays a critical role in B cell homeostasis and function.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Allele-specific Cooperative and Competitive Interactions between Immune Evasion Proteins of Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Wagner Markus , Gutermann Anja , Podlech Jürgen , Reddehase Matthias J. , Koszinowski Ulrich H.
Published: September 2002

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) deploy a set of genes for interference with antigen presentation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway. In murine CMV (MCMV), three genes were identified so far: m04/gp34, m06/gp48, and m152/gp40. While their function as immunoevasins was originally defined after their selective expression, this may not necessarily reflect their biological role during infection. The three immunoevasins might act synergistically, but they might also compete for their common substrate, the MHC class I complexes. To approach this question in a systematic manner, we have generated a complete set of mutant viruses with deletions of the three genes in all seven possible combinations. Surface expression of a set of MHC class I molecules specified by haplotypes H-2d (Kd, Dd, and Ld) and H-2b (Kb and Db) was the parameter for evaluation of the interference with class I trafficking. The data show the following: first, there exists no additional MCMV gene of major influence on MHC class I surface expression; second, the strength of the inhibitory effect of immunoevasins shows an allele-specific hierarchy; and third, the immunoevasins act not only synergistically but can, in certain combinations, interact antagonistically. In essence, this work highlights the importance of studying the immunosubversive mechanisms of cytomegaloviruses in the context of gene expression during the viral replicative cycle in infected cells.
Negative regulation of STAT92E by an N-terminally truncated STAT protein derived from an alternative promoter site
Authors: Henriksen Melissa A. , Betz Aurel , Fuccillo Marc V. , Darnell James E.
Published: September 2002

Previously unrecognized mRNAs originating from a dual promoter at thestat92Elocus are described. One of these encodes a truncated protein, ΔNSTAT92E, that lacks the N-terminal 133 amino acids. Antibodies detect both the full-length and truncated molecules early in embryogenesis (1–5 h), and mRNA detection by specific RT-PCR reactions accords with the protein distribution. Given that the N termini of mammalian STATs are known to have positive functions in transcriptional activation, we explored the role of ΔNSTAT92E early in embryogenesis. By increasing the ΔNSTAT92E-to-STAT92E ratio in overexpression and RNAi experiments, we observe phenotypes compatible with suppression of wild-type STAT92E activity. We therefore conclude that the short form of STAT92E is a naturally occurring dominant-negative product that can be added to the growing list of negative regulators of STAT activity.
Use of Fluoroquinolones in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Liver Failure
Authors: Kojima H. , Kaita K. D. E. , Hawkins K. , Uhanova J. , Minuk G. Y.
Published: September 2002

Fluroquinolone antibiotics have been reported to have antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the present study, five patients with advanced liver disease secondary to chronic HCV received 500 mg daily of oral ciprofloxacin for 30 days. Serum HCV-RNA levels and liver enzyme abnormalities remained largely unchanged. Thus, the role of fluoroquinolones as antiviral agents for chronic HCV in patients with advanced liver disease appears to be limited.
Comparison of In Vitro Activities of Gatifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against Four Taxa of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
Authors: Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Wallace Richard J. , Crist Christopher J. , Mann Linda , Wilson Rebecca W.
Published: September 2002

By using current NCCLS broth microdilution methods, we found that gatifloxacin inhibited 90% of the isolates of the
Mycobacterium fortuitum
group at ≤0.12 μg/ml and 90% of the
Mycobacterium chelonae
isolates at ≤4 μg/ml. Gatifloxacin was generally fourfold more active than ciprofloxacin. We recommend that both gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin be tested routinely against rapidly growing mycobacteria.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integration by Diketo Derivatives
Authors: Pluymers Wim , Pais Godwin , Van Maele Bénédicte , Pannecouque Christophe , Fikkert Valery , Burke Terrence R. , De Clercq Erik , Witvrouw Myriam , Neamati Nouri , Debyser Zeger
Published: September 2002

A series of diketo derivatives was found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase activity. Only L-708,906 inhibited the replication of HIV-1(III
B
) (50% effective concentration, 12 μM), HIV-1 clinical strains, HIV-1 strains resistant to reverse transcriptase or fusion inhibitors, HIV-2 (ROD strain) and simian immunodeficiency virus (MAC
251
). The combinations of L-708,906 with zidovudine, nevirapine, or nelfinavir proved to be subsynergistic. In cell culture, addition of L-708,906 could be postponed for 7 h after infection, a moment coinciding with HIV integration. Inhibition of integration in cell culture was confirmed by quantitative Alu-PCR.
Effects of the Des-F(6)-Quinolone Garenoxacin (BMS-284756), in Comparison to Those of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin, on Joint Cartilage in Immature Rats
Authors: Kappel Eva Maria , Shakibaei Mehdi , Bello Akintunde , Stahlmann Ralf
Published: September 2002

We did not observe signs of chondrotoxicity in immature rats treated orally with garenoxacin (BMS-284756) at doses up to five times 600 mg/kg of body weight or with ciprofloxacin, whereas ofloxacin induced typical cartilage lesions. The peak plasma garenoxacin concentration was 25.5 mg/liter after administration of a dose of 600 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. Assuming that this model is predictive of human risk, BMS-284756 and ciprofloxacin should be more suitable for pediatric use than ofloxacin.
BIRTH OF ANOMALOUS SCALING IN A MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE WITH A TUNABLE PARAMETER
Authors: PIEROTTI D. , L'VOV V. S. , POMYALOV A. , PROCACCIA I.
Published: September 2002

We introduce a model of hydrodynamic turbulence with a tunable parameter ε, which represents the ratio between deterministic and random components in the coupling between N identical copies of the turbulent field. To compute the anomalous scaling exponents ζn (of the nth order structure functions) for chosen values of ε, we consider a systematic closure procedure for the hierarchy of equations for the n-order correlation functions, in the limit N → ∞. The parameter ε regularizes the closure procedure, in the sense that discarded terms are of higher order in ε compared to those retained. It turns out that after the terms of O(1), the first nonzero terms are O(ε4). Within this ε-controlled procedure, we have a finite and closed set of scale-invariant equations for the 2nd and 3rd order statistical objects of the theory. This set of equations retains all terms of O(1) and O(ε4) and neglects terms of O(ε6). On this basis, we expect anomalous corrections δ ζn in the scaling exponents ζn to increase with εn. This expectation is confirmed by extensive numerical simulations using up to 25 copies and 28 shells for various values of εn. The simulations demonstrate that in the limit N → ∞, the scaling is normal for ε < ε cr with ε cr ≈ 0.6. We observed the birth of anomalous scaling at ε = ε cr with [Formula: see text] according to our expectation.
GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIATION AND THE COMPLEX MEMORY OF STRUCTURES
Authors: MAKRIS NICOS
Published: September 2002

The efficiency of mechanical constitutive models can be improved by either increasing the number of their parameters, or by allowing their parameters to belong to more general number sets. Complex-derivative constitutive models are the result of the second approach and are particularly attractive since a minimum number of parameters is needed to predict the actual response of complicated mechanical systems. In this paper the basic response functions of constitutive models that contain complex-order differential operators are examined. It is shown that the resulting basic response functions are also complex valued, and their relation to the dynamic stiffness of the system is derived. The derived expressions are general and they collapse to the classical known expressions in the special case where the model parameters are real-valued.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINISTIC ROUTING IN WORMHOLE k-ARY n-CUBES WITH VIRTUAL CHANNELS
Authors: SARBAZI-AZAD H. , KHONSARI A. , OULD-KHAOUA M.
Published: September 2002

Adding virtual channels to wormhole-routed networks greatly improves performance because they reduce blocking by acting as "bypass" lanes for non-blocked messages. Although several analytical models have been proposed in the literature for k-ary n-cubes with deterministic routing, most of them have not included the effects of virtual channel multiplexing on network performance. This paper proposes a new and simple analytical model to compute message latency in k-ary n-cubes with an arbitrary number of virtual channels. Results from simulation experiments confirm that the proposed model exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various network sizes and under different operating conditions. The proposed model is then used to investigate the relative performance merits of two different organisations of virtual channels.
On a functional equation related to a generalization of Flett′s mean value theorem
Authors: Riedel T. , Sablik Maciej
Published: September 2002

In this paper, we characterize all the functions that attain their
Flett mean value at a particular point between the endpoints of the
interval under consideration. These functions turn out to be cubic
polynomials and thus, we also characterize these.
Skew group rings which are Galois
Authors: Szeto George , Xue Lianyong
Published: September 2002

Let S*G be a skew group ring of a finite group G over a ring S. It is shown that if S*G is an G′‐Galois extension of , where G′ is the inner automorphism group of S*G induced by the elements in G, then S is a G‐Galois extension
of SG. A necessary and sufficient condition is also given for the
commutator subring of in S*G to be a Galois extension, where is the subring of the elements fixed
under each element in G′.
On boundedly‐convex functions on pseudo‐topological vector spaces
Authors: Averbuch Vladimir
Published: September 2002

Notions of a boundedly convex function and of a
Lipschitz‐continuous function are extended to the case of
functions on pseudo‐topological vector spaces. It is proved that
for “good” pseudo‐topologizers Ψ, any continuous Ψ‐boundedly convex function is Ψ‐differentiable
and its derivative is Ψ‐Lipschitz‐continuous. As a corollary,
it is shown that any boundedly convex function is Hyers‐Lang
differentiable.
On the existence of solutions of strongly damped nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Park Jong Yeoul , Bae Jeong Ja
Published: September 2002

We investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the
following equation of hyperbolic type with a strong dissipation:

, where q > 1, λ > 0, μ ∈ ℝ, α, β ≥ 0, α + β > 0, and Δ is the Laplacian in
ℝN.
On closed‐form solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations
Authors: Okoya S. S.
Published: September 2002

This paper is devoted to closed‐form solutions of the partial
differential equation: θxx + θyy + δexp(θ) = 0, which arises in the steady state thermal explosion
theory. We find simple exact solutions of the form θ(x, y) = Φ(F(x) + G(y)), and θ(x, y) = Φ(f(x + y) + g(x − y)). Also, we study the corresponding nonlinear wave equation.
Weak and strong forms of irresolute maps
Authors: Cueva Miguel Caldas
Published: September 2002

We consider new weak and stronger forms of irresolute and
semi‐closure via the concept sg‐closed sets which we call
ap‐irresolute maps, ap‐semi‐closed maps and contra‐irresolute and
use it to obtain a characterization of semi‐T1/2 spaces.
Nonlinear variational evolution inequalities in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Jeong Jin-Mun , Jeong Doo-Hoan , Park Jong-Yeoul
Published: September 2002

The regular problem for solutions of the nonlinear functional
differential equations with a nonlinear hemicontinuous and
coercive operator A and a nonlinear term f(..) : x′(t) + Ax(t) + ∂ϕ(x(t))∋f(t, x(t)) + h(t) is studied. The existence, uniqueness, and a variation of solutions of the
equation are given.
Low Reynolds number stability of MHD plane Poiseuille flow of an Oldroyd fluid
Authors: Ray R. N. , Samad A. , Chaudhury T. K.
Published: September 2002

The linear stability of plane Poiseuille flow at low Reynolds
number of a conducting Oldroyd fluid in the presence of a
transverse magnetic field has been investigated numerically.
Spectral tau method with expansions in Chebyshev polynomials is
used to solve the Orr‐Sommerfeld equation. It is found that
viscoelastic parameters have destabilizing effect and magnetic
field has a stabilizing effect in the field of flow. But no
instabilities are found.
An interesting family of curves of genus 1
Authors: Bremner Andrew
Published: September 2002

We study the family of elliptic curves y2 = x3 − t2x + 1, both over
ℚ(t) and over ℚ. In the former case, all
integral solutions are determined; in the latter case, computation
in the range 1 ≤ t ≤ 999 shows large ranks are common, giving
a particularly simple example of curves which (admittedly over a
small range) apparently contradict the once held belief that the
rank under specialization will tend to have minimal rank consistent
with the parity predicted by the Selmer conjecture.
Sequential risk‐efficient estimation of the parameter in the uniform density
Authors: Govindarajulu Z.
Published: September 2002

We develop a risk‐efficient sequential procedure for estimating
the parameter θ of the uniform density on (0, θ). We give explicit expressions for the distribution of the stopping
time and derive its expectation and variance. We also tabulate the
values of the expected stopping time and its standard deviation
for some selected values of the parameter. Asymptotic properties
such as efficiency and risk‐efficiency are established.
Observability and uniqueness theorem for a coupled hyperbolic system
Authors: Kapitonov Boris V. , Souza Joel S.
Published: September 2002

We deal with the inverse inequality for a coupled hyperbolic system
with dissipation. The inverse inequality is an indispensable
inequality that appears in the Hilbert Uniqueness Method (HUM), to
establish equivalence of norms which guarantees uniqueness and
boundary exact controllability results. The term observability is
due to the mathematician Ho (1986) who used it in his works
relating it to the inverse inequality. We obtain the inverse
inequality by the Lagrange multiplier method under certain
conditions.
Univalence of certain integral operators
Authors: Pescar Virgil , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2002

We study some integral operators and determine conditions for the
univalence of these integral operators.
Cooling of a plate with general boundary conditions
Authors: Zaman F. D. , Al-Khairy R.
Published: September 2002

We consider steady state temperature distribution in a homogeneous
rectangular infinite plate the lower part of which is cooled by a
fluid flowing at a constant velocity while the upper part satisfies
the general mixed boundary conditions. The Wiener‐Hopf method has
been used to obtain the solution in the infinite series form and
some special cases have been discussed.
On a four‐generator Coxeter group
Authors: Albar Muhammad A.
Published: September 2002

We study one of the 4‐generator Coxeter groups and show that it is
SQ‐universal (SQU). We also study some other properties of the group.
On a subgroup of the affine Weyl group C˜4
Authors: Albar Muhammad A.
Published: September 2002

We study a subgroup of the affine Weyl group and
show that this subgroup is a homomorphic image of the triangle
group Δ(3, 4, 4).
Local properties of Fourier series
Authors: Bor Hüseyin
Published: September 2002

A theorem on local property of
summability of factored
Fourier series, which generalizes some known results, and also a general theorem
concerning the summability factors of
Fourier series have been proved.
On congruence properties of the partition function
Authors: Getz Jayce
Published: September 2002

Some congruence properties of the partition function are proved.
On quasi h‐pure submodules of QTAG‐modules
Authors: Khan Mohd. Z. , Zubair A.
Published: September 2002

Different concepts and decomposition theorems have been done for
QTAG‐modules by number of authors. We introduce quasi h‐pure
submodules for QTAG‐modules and we obtain several characterizations
for quasi h‐pure submodules and as a consequence we deduce a
result done by Fuchs 1973.
Stable finite element methods for the Stokes problem
Authors: Kim Yongdeok , Lee Sungyun
Published: September 2002

The mixed finite element scheme of the Stokes problem with
pressure stabilization is analyzed for the cross‐grid Pk − Pk−1elements, k ≥ 1, using discontinuous pressures. The elements are also analyzed. We prove the stability of the scheme using the
macroelement technique. The order of convergence follows from the standard
theory of mixed methods. The macroelement technique can also be applicable
to the stability analysis for some higher order methods using continuous
pressures such as Taylor‐Hood methods, cross‐grid methods, or iso‐grid
methods.
On invertor elements and finitely generated subgroups of groups acting on trees with inversions
Authors: Mahmood R. M. S. , Khanfar M. I.
Published: September 2002

An element of a group acting on a graph is called invertor if it
transfers an edge of the graph to its inverse. In this paper, we
show that if G is a group acting on a tree X with inversions
such that G does not fix any element of X, then an element g of G is invertor if and only if g is not in any vertex
stabilizer of G and g2 is in an edge stabilizer of G. Moreover, if H is a finitely generated subgroup of G, then H contains an invertor element or some conjugate of H contains a
cyclically reduced element of length at least one on which H is
not in any vertex stabilizer of G, or H is in a vertex
stabilizer of G.
TΩ‐sequences in abelian groups
Authors: Ledet Robert , Clark Bradd
Published: September 2002

A sequence in an abelian group is called a T‐sequence if there
exists a Hausdorff group topology in which the sequence converges
to zero. This paper describes the fundamental system for the finest
group topology in which this sequence converges to zero. A sequence
is a TΩ‐sequence if there exist uncountably many different
Hausdorff group topologies in which the sequence converges to zero.
The paper develops a condition which insures that a sequence is a
TΩ‐sequence and examples of TΩ‐sequences
are given.
Quantifying completion
Authors: Lowen Robert , Windels Bart
Published: September 2002

Approach uniformities were introduced in Lowen and Windels (1998)
as the canonical generalization of both metric spaces and uniform
spaces. This text presents in this new context of “quantitative” uniform spaces, a reflective completion theory which generalizes
the well‐known completions of metric and uniform spaces. This
completion behaves nicely with respect to initial structures and
hyperspaces. Also, continuous extensions of pseudo‐metrics on
uniform spaces and (real) compactification of approach spaces can
be interpreted in terms of this completion.
Completion of a Cauchy space without the T2‐restriction	on the space
Authors: Rath Nandita
Published: September 2002

A completion of a Cauchy space is obtained without the T2 restriction on the space. This completion enjoys the universal
property as well. The class of all Cauchy spaces with a special
class of morphisms called s‐maps form a subcategory CHY′ of
CHY. A completion functor is defined for this subcategory. The
completion subcategory of CHY′ turns out to be a bireflective
subcategory of CHY′. This theory is applied to obtain a
characterization of Cauchy spaces which allow regular completion.
Solving linear differential equations by quadratures: comments on a general procedure
Authors: Caviglia G. , Morro A.
Published: September 2002

A procedure is examined which solves systems of linear
differential equations by quadratures. A direct check shows that a
necessary condition for the procedure cannot be true and hence the
procedure does not work.
Positive implicative ordered filters of implicative semigroups
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Kim Kyung Ho
Published: September 2002

We introduce the notion of positive implicative ordered filters in
implicative semigroups. We show that every positive implicative
ordered filter is both an ordered filter and an implicative ordered
filter. We give examples that an ordered filter (an implicative
ordered filter) may not be a positive implicative ordered filter.
We also give equivalent conditions of positive implicative ordered
filters. Finally we establish the extension property for positive
implicative ordered filters.
An exotic characterization of a commutative	H*‐algebra
Authors: Saworotnow Parfeny P.
Published: September 2002

Commutative H*‐algebra is characterized in terms of the
property that the orthogonal complement of a right ideal is a left
ideal.
Recursive determination of the enumerator for sums of three squares
Authors: Ewell John A.
Published: September 2002

For each nonnegative integer n, r3(n) denotes the number of representations of n by sums of three squares. Here presented is a two‐step recursive scheme for computing
r3(n), n ≥ 0.
On central commutator Galois extensions of rings
Authors: Szeto George , Xue Lianyong
Published: September 2002

Let B be a ring with 1, G a finite automorphism group of B of order n for some integer n,
BG the set of elements in B fixed under each element in G, and
Δ = VB(BG) the
commutator subring of BG in B. Then the type of central
commutator Galois extensions is studied. This type includes the
types of Azumaya Galois extensions and Galois H‐separable
extensions. Several characterizations of a central commutator
Galois extension are given. Moreover, it is shown that when G is
inner, B is a central commutator Galois extension of BG if and
only if B is an H‐separable projective group ring BGGf.
This generalizes the structure theorem for central Galois algebras
with an inner Galois group proved by DeMeyer.
Common stationary points of multivalued mappings on bounded metric spaces
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Kang Shin Min
Published: September 2002

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of common stationary
points of two multivalued mappings and common stationary point theorems for
multivalued mappings on bounded metric spaces are given. Our results extend
the theorems due to Fisher in 1979, 1980, and 1983 and Ohta and Nikaido in 1994.
Three‐dimensional Korteweg‐de Vries equation and traveling wave solutions
Authors: Jones Kenneth L.
Published: September 2002

The three‐dimensional power Korteweg‐de Vries equation
, is
considered. Solitary wave solutions for any positive integer n and cnoidal wave solutions for n = 1 and n = 2 are obtained. The
cnoidal wave solutions are shown to be represented as infinite sums
of solitons by using Fourier series expansions and Poisson′s
summation formula.
Entropy considerations in the noncommutative setting
Authors: Giurgescu Patricia
Published: September 2002

An analogue of the classical link between the relative entropy and Fisher
information entropy is presented in the context of free probability theory.
Several generalizations of the relative entropy in terms of density matrices
are also discussed.
Intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of BCK‐algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Kim Kyung Ho
Published: September 2002

We consider the intuitionistic fuzzification of the concept of
subalgebras and ideals in BCK‐algebras, and investigate some of
their properties. We introduce the notion of equivalence
relations on the family of all intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of a
BCK‐algebra and investigate some related properties.
Homoclinic orbits and Lie rotated vector fields
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Chen
Published: September 2002

Based on the definition of Lie rotated vector fields in the plane,
this paper gives the property of homoclinic orbit as parameter is
changed and the singular points are fixed on Lie rotated vector
fields. It gives the conditions of yielding limit cycles as well.
An asymptotic expansion for a ratio of products of gamma functions
Authors: Bühring Wolfgang
Published: September 2002

An asymptotic expansion of a ratio of products of gamma functions is derived. It generalizes a formula which was stated by Dingle,
first proved by Paris, and recently reconsidered by Olver
Global existence and asymptotic behavior of solution of second‐order nonlinear impulsive differential equations
Authors: Cheng Denghua , Yan Jurang
Published: September 2002

We consider the global existence and asymptotic
behavior of solution of second‐order nonlinear impulsive
differential equations.
The number of edges on generalizations of Paley graphs
Authors: Sze Lawrence
Published: September 2002

Evans, Pulham, and Sheenan computed the number of complete 4‐subgraphs of Paley graphs by counting the number of edges of
the subgraph containing only those nodes x for which x and
x − 1 are quadratic residues. Here we obtain formulae for the number of edges of generalizations of these subgraphs using Gaussian hypergeometric series and elliptic curves. Such
formulae are simple in several infinite families, including those studied by Evans, Pulham, and Sheenan.
On the correct formulation of a nonlinear differential equations in Banach space
Authors: El-Borai Mahmoud M. , Moustafa Osama L. , Michael Fayez H.
Published: September 2002

We study, the existence and uniqueness of the initial value problems in a Banach space E for the abstract nonlinear differential equation (dn−1/dtn−1)(du/dt + Au) = B(t)u + f(t, W(t)), and consider the correct solution of this problem. We also give an application of the theory of partial differential equations.
Multimodal cycles with linear map having exactly one fixed point
Authors: Mulvey Irene
Published: September 2002

We describe a class of cycles that cannot be forced by a cycle
whose linear map has exactly one fixed point.
Illumination by Taylor polynomials
Authors: Horwitz Alan
Published: September 2002

Let f(x) be a differentiable function on the real line
ℝ, and let P be a point not on the graph of f(x).
Define the illumination index of P to be the number of distinct tangents to the graph of f which pass through P. We prove
that if f″ is continuous and nonnegative on ℝ, f″ ≥ m > 0 outside a closed interval of ℝ, and
f″ has finitely many zeros on ℝ, then any point Pbelow the graph of f has illumination index 2. This result fails in general if f″ is not bounded away from 0 on ℝ. Also, if f″ has finitely many zeros and f″ is not nonnegative on
ℝ, then some point
below the graph has illumination index not equal to 2. Finally, we generalize our results to illumination by odd order Taylor polynomials.
Ergodicity and asymptotically almost periodic solutions of some differential equations
Authors: Zhang Chuanyi
Published: September 2002

Using ergodicity of functions, we prove the existence and uniqueness of (asymptotically) almost periodic solution
for some nonlinear differential equations. As a consequence, we
generalize a Massera’s result. A counterexample is given to show
that the ergodic condition cannot be dropped.
Topological conjugacies of piecewise monotone interval maps
Authors: Fotiades Nikos A. , Boudourides Moses A.
Published: September 2002

Our aim is to establish the topological conjugacy between piecewise
monotone expansive interval maps and piecewise linear maps. First,
we are concerned with maps satisfying a Markov condition and next
with those admitting a certain countable partition. Finally, we
compute the topological entropy in the Markov case.
Isometries and approximate isometries
Authors: Rassias Themistocles M.
Published: September 2002

Some properties of isometric mappings as well as approximate
isometries are studied.
On the existence of solutions for a class of first‐order differential equations
Authors: Al-Khaled Kamel
Published: September 2002

A system of first‐order differential equations with linear
constraint is studied. Existence theorems for the solution are
proved under some conditions. Some uniqueness and dependence
results for the system are also obtained. Some applications are
given.
A logical model of HCP
Authors: Plotnikov Anatoly D.
Published: September 2002

For an arbitrary undirected graph G, we are designing a logical model for the Hamiltonian Cycle Problem (HCP), using tools of Boolean algebra only. The obtained model is a logic formulation of the conditions for the existence of the Hamiltonian cycle, and uses m Boolean variables, where m is the number of the edges of a graph. This Boolean expression is true if and only if an initial graph is Hamiltonian. In general, the obtained Boolean expression may have an exponential length (the number of Boolean literals) and may be used for construction of the solution algorithm.
On a nonresonance condition between the first and the second eigenvalues for the p‐Laplacian
Authors: Anane A. , Tsouli N.
Published: September 2002

We are concerned with the existence of solution for the Dirichlet problem −Δpu = f(x, u) + h(x) in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, when f(x, u) lies in some sense between the first and the second eigenvalues of the p‐Laplacian Δp. Extensions to more general operators which are (p − 1)‐homogeneous at infinity are also considered.
On the sharp constant for starlikeness
Authors: Keying Chen
Published: September 2002

We obtain a sharp constant of the sufficient condition for p‐valently starlikeness, which had been studied by Nunokawa
(1991), Obradović and Owa (1989), and Li (1993).
Finite amplitude thermal convection with variable gravity
Authors: Riahi D. N. , Hsui Albert T.
Published: September 2002

Finite amplitude thermal convection is studied in a horizontal
layer of infinite Prandtl number fluid with a variable gravity.
For the present study, gravity is restricted to vary quadratically
with respect to the vertical variable. A perturbation technique
based on a small parameter, which is a measure of the ratio of the
vertical to horizontal dimensions of the convective cells, is
employed to determine the finite amplitude steady solutions.
These solutions are represented in terms of convective modes whose
amplitudes can be either small or of order unity. Stability of
these solutions is investigated with respect to three dimensional
disturbances. A variable gravity function introduces two
non‐dimensional parameters. For certain range of values of these
two parameters, double or triple cellular structure in the
vertical direction can be realized. Hexagonal patterns are
preferred for sufficiently small amplitude of convection, while
square patterns can become dominant for larger values of the
convective amplitude. Variable gravity can also affect
significantly the wavelength of the cellular pattern and the onset
condition of the convective motion.
On the solvability of a variational inequality problem and application to a problem of two membranes
Authors: Addou A. , Mermri E. B.
Published: September 2002

The purpose of this work is to give a continuous convex function,
for which we can characterize the subdifferential, in order to
reformulate a variational inequality problem: find u = (u1, u2) ∈ K such that for all v = (v1, v2) ∈ K, ∫Ω∇u1∇(v1 − u1)+∫Ω∇u2∇(v2 − u2) + (f, v − u) ≥ 0 as a system of independent equations, where f belongs to L2(Ω) × L2(Ω) and .
On separation axioms in intuitionistic topological spaces
Authors: Bayhan Sadik , Çoker Doğan
Published: September 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate several types of separation axioms in intuitionistic topological spaces, developed by Çoker (2000). After giving some characterizations of T1 and T2 separation axioms in intuitionistic topological spaces, we give interrelations between several types of separation axioms and some counterexamples.
Partial sums of certain analytic functions
Authors: Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2002

The object of the present paper is to consider the starlikeness
and convexity of partial sums of certain analytic functions in
the open unit disk.
Twisted forms of finite étale extensions and separable polynomials
Authors: DeMeyer Frank
Published: September 2002

Examples of twisted forms of finite étale extensions and separable polynomials are calculated using Mayer‐Vietoris sequences for non‐abelian cohomology.
Spatial decay estimates for a class of nonlinear damped hyperbolic equations
Authors: Tahamtani F. , Mosaleheh K. , Seddighi K.
Published: September 2002

This paper is concerned with investigating the spatial decay
estimates for a class of nonlinear damped hyperbolic equations. In
addition, we compare the solutions of two‐dimensional wave
equations with different damped coefficients and establish an
explicit inequality which displays continuous dependence on this
coefficient.
On the analytic form of the discrete Kramer sampling theorem
Authors: García Antonio G. , Hernández-Medina Miguel A. , Muñoz-Bouzo María J.
Published: September 2002

The classical Kramer sampling theorem is, in the subject of
self‐adjoint boundary value problems, one of the richest sources
to obtain sampling expansions. It has become very fruitful in
connection with discrete Sturm‐Liouville problems. In this paper a
discrete version of the analytic Kramer sampling theorem is
proved. Orthogonal polynomials arising from indeterminate
Hamburger moment problems as well as polynomials of the second
kind associated with them provide examples of Kramer analytic
kernels.
Properties of solutions of optimization problems for set functions
Authors: Dorosiewicz Slawomir
Published: September 2002

A definition of a special class of optimization problems with set functions is given. The existence of optimal solutions and first‐order optimality conditions are proved. This case of optimal problems can be transformed to standard mixed problems of mathematical programming in Euclidean space. It makes possible the applications of various algorithms for these optimization problems for finding conditional extrema of set functions.
Exchange rings having stable range one
Authors: Chen Huanyin
Published: September 2002

We investigate the sufficient conditions
and the necessary conditions on an exchange ring R under
which R has stable range one. These give nontrivial
generalizations of Theorem 3 of V. P. Camillo and H.‐P. Yu (1995),
Theorem 4.19 of K. R. Goodearl (1979, 1991),
Theorem 2 of R. E. Hartwig (1982), and Theorem 9 of H.‐P. Yu (1995).
Degree of approximation of conjugate of a function belonging to Lip(ξ(t), p) class by matrix summability means of conjugate Fourier series
Authors: Lal Shyam , Nigam Hare Krishna
Published: September 2002

We determine the degree of approximation of conjugate of a
function belonging to Lip(ξ(t), p) class by matrix summability means of a conjugate series of a Fourier series.
Play‐the‐winner rule and adaptive designs of clinical trials
Authors: Wang Xikui , Pullman Daryl
Published: September 2002

In another paper, we have argued that the traditional randomized design of clinical trials is ethically infeasible in desperate medical situations and adaptive designs are morally required. We have also argued that in such situations, the appropriate designs
must satisfy what we call the “Principle of interchangeability.” In this statistics paper, we show that the statistical model of bandit processes satisfies this principle of interchangeability.
Moreover, we demonstrate that when such a model is used as an adaptive design, the total regret of successes lost is smaller when compared with simple randomization. We illustrate the results
by the simple deterministic play‐the‐winner design.
Results on common fixed points
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Ume Jeong Sheok
Published: September 2002

We establish common fixed point theorems related with families of
self mappings on metric spaces. Our results extend, improve, and unify the results due to
Fisher (1977, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1984), Jungck (1988), and Ohta and Nikaido (1994).
Power subgroups of Hecke groups H(n)
Authors: Yilmaz Nıhal , Cangül İ. Nacı
Published: September 2002

Results in discrete group theory are applied to some Hecke groups
to determine the group theoretical structure of power subgroups.
Analytic functions of non‐Bazilevič type and starlikeness
Authors: Obradović Milutin , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2002

Two classes and of analytic functions which are not Bazilevič type in the open unit disk 𝕌 are introduced. The object of the present paper is to consider the starlikeness of functions belonging to the classes and .
Putnam‐Fuglede theorem and the range‐kernel orthogonality of derivations
Authors: Duggal B. P.
Published: September 2002

Let ℬ(H) denote the algebra of operators on a Hilbert
space H into itself. Let d = δ or Δ, where δAB : ℬ(H) → ℬ(H) is the generalized derivation δAB(S) = AS − SB and ΔAB : ℬ(H) → ℬ(H) is the elementary operator ΔAB(S) = ASB − S. Given A, B, S ∈ ℬ(H), we say that the pair (A, B) has the property PF(d(S)) if dAB(S) = 0 implies . This paper characterizes operators A, B, and S for which the pair (A, B) has property PF(d(S)), and establishes a relationship between the PF(d(S))‐property of the pair (A, B) and the range‐kernel orthogonality of the operator dAB.
On fuzzy points in semigroups
Authors: Kim Kyung Ho
Published: September 2002

We consider the semigroup of the fuzzy points of a semigroup S, and discuss the relation between the fuzzy interior ideals and the subsets of in an (intra‐regular) semigroup S.
A note on minimal envelopes of Douglas algebras, minimal support sets, and restricted Douglas algebras
Authors: Guillory Carroll
Published: September 2002

We characterize the interpolating Blaschke products of finite type in terms of their support sets. We also give a sufficient condition on the restricted Douglas algebra of a support set that is invariant under the Bourgain map, and its minimal envelope is singly generated.
An approximate analytic solution of a particular boundary value problem
Authors: Tanriver Ugur , Kar Aravinda
Published: September 2002

This note is concerned with the three‐dimensional quasi‐steady‐state
heat conduction equation subject to certain boundary conditions in the whole x′y′‐plane and finite in z′‐direction. This type of boundary value problem arises in laser welding
process. The solution to this problem can be represented by an
integral using Fourier analysis. This integral is approximated to
obtain a simple analytic expression for the temperature distribution.
An inertial manifold and the principle of spatial averaging
Authors: Kwean Hyukjin
Published: September 2002

We examine the existence of inertial
manifold of a class of differential equations with
particular boundary conditions.
On Q‐algebras
Authors: Neggers Joseph , Ahn Sun Shin , Kim Hee Sik
Published: September 2002

We introduce a new notion, called a Q‐algebra, which is a generalization of the idea of BCH/BCI/BCK‐algebras and we generalize some theorems discussed in BCI‐algebras. Moreover, we introduce the notion of “quadratic” Q‐algebra, and show that every quadratic Q‐algebra (X; ∗, e), e ∈ X, has a product of the form x∗y = x − y + e, where x, y ∈ X when X is a field with |x| ≥ 3.
Necessary and sufficient conditions under which convergencefollows from summability by weighted means
Authors: Móricz Ferenc , Stadtmüller Ulrich
Published: September 2002

We prove necessary and sufficient Tauberian conditions for sequences summable by weighted mean methods. The main results of this paper apply to all weighted mean methods and unify the results known in the literature for particular methods. Among others, the conditions in our theorems are easy consequences of the slowly decreasing condition for real numbers, or slowly
oscillating condition for complex numbers. Therefore, practically all classical (one‐sided as well as two‐sided) Tauberian conditions for weighted mean methods are corollaries of our two
main theorems.
Mathematical morphology and poset geometry
Authors: Bretto Alain , Li Marzi Enzo Maria
Published: September 2002

The aim of this paper is to characterize morphological convex
geometries (resp., antimatroids). We define these two structures
by using closure operators, and kernel operators. We show that
these convex geometries are equivalent to poset geometries.
On mappings with diminishing orbital diameters
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Kang Shin Min
Published: September 2002

We introduce the concepts of ∗‐diminishing orbital diameters and diminishing orbital diameters for a pair (f, g) of self mappings in metric spaces and prove common fixed point
theorems for these mappings. The results obtained in this paper
extend properly the result of Fisher (1978).
An improvement of some inequalities similar to Hilbert′s inequality
Authors: Kim Young-Ho
Published: September 2002

We give an improvement of some inequalities similar to Hilbert′s inequality involving series of nonnegative terms. The integral analogies of the main results are also given.
Spectral geometry of harmonic maps into warped product manifolds II
Authors: Yun Gabjin
Published: September 2002

Let (Mn, g) be a closed Riemannian manifold and N a warped product manifold of two space forms. We investigate geometric
properties by the spectra of the Jacobi operator of a harmonic map ϕ : M → N. In particular, we show if N is a warped product manifold of Euclidean space with a space form and
ϕ, ψ : M → N are two projectively harmonic maps, then the energy of ϕ and ψ are equal up to constant if ϕ and ψ are isospectral. Besides, we recover and improve
some results by Kang, Ki, and Pak (1997) and Urakawa (1989).
On generalizations of regular‐Lindelöf spaces
Authors: Fawakhreh Anwar Jabor , Kiliçman Adem
Published: September 2002

We study nearly regular‐Lindelöf, almost regular‐Lindelöf and weakly regular‐Lindelöf spaces. Characterizations and some properties for these spaces are proposed. Relations among
them are also studied.
Extension on the fuzzy integral based on ⊕‐decomposable measure
Authors: Traore Mamadou
Published: September 2002

We extend the concept of fuzzy integral based on ⊕‐decomposable measure from nonnegative fuzzy measurable
function to extended real‐valued fuzzy measurable function.
Further investigations of fuzzy integrals based on pseudo‐additive
decomposable measure are carried out. Meanwhile, the space (S(μ), σ(⋅, ⋅)) of all fuzzy measurable function
will be proved to be a pseudo‐metric space. Finally, as an
application of this extension the Pettis integral will be
obtained for that kind of fuzzy integral.