bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction Healing of Porous Asphalt
Authors: Liu Quantao , Schlangen Erik , van de Ven Martin
Published: January 2013

Research on the induction healing of porous asphalt is summarized. Steel wool is added to porous asphalt concrete to make it electrically conductive and suitable for induction heating. When microcracks occur in the material, an induction generator is used to heat the material to close the cracks by the high-temperature self-healing of bitumen. The electrical resistance and induction heating speed of porous asphalt concrete reinforced with steel wool are examined. Porous asphalt concrete containing steel wool is found to be electrically conductive and can be heated with induction energy. The mechanical properties of this porous asphalt are also studied. Steel wool can reinforce porous asphalt concrete by increasing its strength, particle loss (raveling) resistance, and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the induction healing effect of this porous asphalt concrete reinforced with steel wool is evaluated. It is proved that the fatigue life of induction-healing porous asphalt can be extended significantly by the application of induction heating. It is also found that the optimal heating temperature for the best healing effect is 85°C. These findings indicate that the self-healing potential of porous asphalt concrete and the durability of porous asphalt pavement are improved by induction heating. Finally, a test section was paved on the Dutch A58 motorway with a porous asphalt layer containing steel wool. Because asphalt concrete exhibits better self-healing at higher temperatures, the future for the application of induction-healing porous asphalt concrete appears to be promising.
Calibrating Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide for North Carolina: Genetic Algorithm and Generalized Reduced Gradient Optimization Methods
Authors: Jadoun Fadi M. , Kim Y. Richard
Published: January 2013

The Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) is the state-of-the-practice pavement analysis software developed under NCHRP Project 1–37A. Recently, AASHTO announced the first commercial version of the software, DARWin-ME, to replace the 1993 AASHTO design guide DARWin software. The MEPDG and DARWin-ME use similar models for predicting rutting and bottom-up fatigue cracking. Both distress models were nationally calibrated with measured performance data collected from hundreds of long-term pavement performance sections across the United States and Canada. Verification work indicated that these nationally calibrated models did not reflect North Carolina's local materials, construction practices, and local traffic. Therefore, the performance models must be recalibrated to reflect local conditions. The scope includes rutting and alligator cracking in flexible pavements. The development of rutting and fatigue model coefficients (k-values) is investigated for 12 commonly used hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures in North Carolina, and two approaches for recalibrating the rutting and fatigue cracking model coefficients (β-factors) are compared to reflect local materials and conditions. The two optimization methods evaluated are generalized reduced gradient (GRG) and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. Results indicate that rutting and fatigue cracking k-values for North Carolina HMA mixtures are generally different from national averages. The GA optimization method does a better job of predicting local distresses than do the GRG method and nationally calibrated models.
Streamlining Use of Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide
Authors: Graves R. Clark , Mahboub Kamyar C.
Published: January 2013

The NCHRP Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) is a powerful tool for the design and analysis of highway pavements. Currently, the designer uses an iterative process to select design parameters and predict performance. If performance is unacceptable, the designer must change the design parameters until acceptable performance is achieved. A procedure outlined here used multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) to develop predictive models obtained from a series of actual pavement design solutions from MEPDG software. Two model structures were developed: a series of models to predict individual pavement distress (rutting, fatigue cracking, and roughness) and a forward solution to predict pavement thickness from a desired level of distress. This model can be used to determine a starting thickness, which then can be used with the MEPDG software to obtain a refined design, potentially with fewer iterations to define an acceptable design thickness. These thickness prediction models can be developed for any subset of desired MEPDG solutions, such as typical designs within a state. The new DARWin-ME software can facilitate the development of these subsets through its sensitivity analysis procedure, which would allow the designer to develop a subset of solutions across a typical range of input values. Results could then be modeled with the MARS process to produce an efficient design solution for pavement thickness along with a quick performance prediction for specific pavement thickness. This procedure can significantly reduce the MEPDG iterations necessary to develop a viable design, to as few as two to three on either side of the predicted MARS model thickness. These results could be merged with a smart decision tree structure to execute the MEPDG procedure efficiently.
Calibration of Platoon Dispersion Model with High-Resolution Signal Event Data
Authors: Day Christopher M. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: January 2013

This paper presents a scalable methodology for automatically measuring platoon characteristics on links between signalized intersections. This methodology estimates the parameters of the Robertson dispersion model that characterize platoon travel time and platoon distribution along a link. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical test was used to assess how well the model parameters characterize the platoon arrivals measured by the high-resolution event data. The methodology was tested on a corridor of nine intersections containing 18 coordinated links with data that were collected over a 3-week period. Quite consistent results were obtained for link travel times; however, in many cases the observed link travel times were faster or slower than the posted speed. The distributions of the dispersion parameter showed considerable variation across the analysis period as well as across the system. The test corridor presented an interesting situation in which shorter links experienced greater dispersion than did longer ones. The results suggest that platoon dispersion is more sensitive to driver behavior characteristics related to roadside environment than to distance traveled along a street. The methodology could provide a means of prioritizing links for coordination and for self-calibrating traffic optimization models and adaptive control systems. The scheme could be integrated easily into modern signal controllers with high-resolution event logging capabilities.
Long-Term Benefits of Adaptive Traffic Control under Varying Traffic Flows during Weekday Peak Hours
Authors: Stevanovic Aleksandar , Kergaye Cameron , Stevanovic Jelka
Published: January 2013

When adaptive traffic control systems (ATCSs) are evaluated, traffic signal engineers and practitioners often collect data for a few weeks before and after installation. Benefits are then estimated on the basis of this limited data set. The evaluation of an ATCS with microsimulation requires considerable collection of field data. However, once an ATCS is installed, an abundance of data is collected and stored by the ATCS itself. These data (mostly traffic volumes) can be used to recreate field variability of traffic conditions in a model and perform long-term ATCS evaluation studies. This paper reports on the projected long-term benefits of deploying an ATCS. Field traffic data were statistically processed and modeled in microsimulation. The Sydney coordinated adaptive traffic system (SCATS) and two time-of-day (TOD) plans were exposed to variability of field traffic flows modeled in VISSIM. A simple calculation was then performed to extrapolate results to a period of 10 years. Findings showed that SCATS outperformed existing TOD signal-timing plans by about 20% and was better than the best TOD plan that could be theoretically developed on the basis of collection of long-term data. Results from the study revealed that short-term analyses often obscured the true benefits of deploying an ATCS. A computation of the monetary value of achieved benefits showed that limited operational benefits reported in this paper, when projected over the long term, would exceed overall installation costs for SCATS in Park City, Utah. These benefits are expected to increase further with inclusion of the analysis periods that were not part of this study.
Model of Integrated Corridor Traffic Optimization
Authors: Zhang Li , Gou Jizhan , Jin Minzhou
Published: January 2013

An integrated corridor control system is proposed to manage traffic dynamically between the mainline freeway and the diversion route in real time. The system's objective is to alleviate the total corridor delay attributable to nonrecurrent or recurrent congestion on the freeway. An optimization-based model, the integrated corridor traffic optimization model (ICTOM), was established to minimize total traffic delay, including delays on the freeway, signal control delays on the diversion route, and delays attributable to travel time differences between two routes. The model determines diversion volumes from the freeway to an arterial corridor and signal-timing plans on the diversion route. ICTOM features a nonlinear objective function and linear constraints. Three algorithms were evaluated in seeking a solution for ICTOM: genetic algorithm, pattern search, and sequential quadratic programming. The sequential quadratic programming algorithm was selected because of its effectiveness and efficiency in the case study. Evaluation based on the CORSIM simulation showed that in real time, ICTOM realized total average reductions in corridor delay of 8.77%, 9.92%, and 13.16% under heavy-, moderate-, and light-traffic conditions, respectively, compared with the benchmark in which the timing plans for traffic signals were optimized by TRANSYT 7F offline.
Role of "cell block" in thyroid cytology: A cross sectional study
Authors: Rajib RC , Majid N , Rahman MR , Baqui MN , Shermin S
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i1.13536 JAFMC Vol.8(1) 2012 pp.30-34
Seroprevalence of TORCH antibody in pregnant women
Authors: Nabi SN , Wasey AFSA , Haider KMTS , Khan AA , Hoque MM
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i1.13537 JAFMC Vol.8(1) 2012 pp.35-39
A post mortem study on the length of the human adrenal glands
Authors: Siddiqua D , Ara S , Nahar N , Hena H , Johora F
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i1.13538 JAFMC Vol.8(1) 2012 pp.40-42
Role of double breast vascularized preputial Dartos flap reinforcement in Snodgrass Urethroplasty
Authors: Islam ADMS , Aziz MA
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i1.13539 JAFMC Vol.8(1) 2012 pp.43-45
Study on Autopsy Cases of Suspected Poisoning Victims in an Urban Medical College Morgue
Authors: Ahmad M , Mazumder MRU , Al-Azad MAS , Rahman FN , Rahman MM
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i1.13540 JAFMC Vol.8(1) 2012 pp.46-52
Modelling Niche Differentiation of Co-Existing, Elusive and Morphologically Similar Species: A Case Study of Four Macaque Species in Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos
Authors: Coudrat Camille , Nekaris K. Anne-Isola
Published: January 2013

Species misidentification often occurs when dealing with co-existing and morphologically similar species such as macaques, making the study of their ecology challenging. To overcome this issue, we use reliable occurrence data from camera-trap images and transect survey data to model their respective ecological niche and potential distribution locally in Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area (NNT NPA), central-Eastern Laos. We investigate niche differentiation of morphologically similar species using four sympatric macaque species in NNT NPA, as our model species: rhesus Macaca mulatta (Taxonomic Serial Number, TSN 180099), Northern pig-tailed M. leonina (TSN not listed); Assamese M. assamensis (TSN 573018) and stump-tailed M. arctoides (TSN 573017). We examine the implications for their conservation. We obtained occurrence data of macaque species from systematic 2006–2011 camera-trapping surveys and 2011–2012 transect surveys and model their niche and potential distribution with MaxEnt software using 25 environmental and topographic variables. The respective suitable habitat predicted for each species reveals niche segregation between the four species with a gradual geographical distribution following an environmental gradient within the study area. Camera-trapping positioned at many locations can increase elusive-species records with a relatively reduced and more systematic sampling effort and provide reliable species occurrence data. These can be used for environmental niche modelling to study niche segregation of morphologically similar species in areas where their distribution remains uncertain. Examining unresolved species' niches and potential distributions can have crucial implications for future research and species' management and conservation even in the most remote regions and for the least-known species.
Optimization of β-Glucosidase, β-Xylosidase and Xylanase Production by Colletotrichum graminicola under Solid-State Fermentation and Application in Raw Sugarcane Trash Saccharification
Authors: Zimbardi Ana , Sehn Cesar , Meleiro Luana , Souza Flavio , Masui Douglas , Nozawa Monica , Guimarães Luis , Jorge João , Furriel Rosa
Published: January 2013

Efficient, low-cost enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues is essential for cost-effective production of bioethanol. The production of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase by Colletotrichum graminicola was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Maximal production occurred in wheat bran. Sugarcane trash, peanut hulls and corncob enhanced β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production, respectively. Maximal levels after optimization reached 159.3 ± 12.7 U g−1, 128.1 ± 6.4 U g−1 and 378.1 ± 23.3 U g−1, respectively, but the enzymes were produced simultaneously at good levels under culture conditions optimized for each one of them. Optima of pH and temperature were 5.0 and 65 °C for the three enzymes, which maintained full activity for 72 h at 50 °C and for 120 min at 60 °C (β-glucosidase) or 65 °C (β-xylosidase and xylanase). Mixed with Trichoderma reesei cellulases, C. graminicola crude extract hydrolyzed raw sugarcane trash with glucose yield of 33.1% after 48 h, demonstrating good potential to compose efficient cocktails for lignocellulosic materials hydrolysis.
Mechanism of Catalytic Water Oxidation by the Ruthenium Blue Dimer Catalyst: Comparative Study in D2O versus H2O
Authors: Moonshiram Dooshaye , Purohit Vatsal , Concepcion Javier , Meyer Thomas , Pushkar Yulia
Published: January 2013

Water oxidation is critically important for the development of energy solutions based on the concept of artificial photosynthesis. In order to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of water oxidation, the catalytic cycle for the first designed water oxidation catalyst, cis,cis-[(bpy)2(H2O)RuIIIORuIII(OH2)(bpy)2]4+ (bpy is 2,2-bipyridine) known as the blue dimer (BD), is monitored in D2O by combined application of stopped flow UV-Vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and resonance Raman spectroscopy on freeze quenched samples. The results of these studies show that the rate of formation of BD[4,5] by Ce(IV) oxidation of BD[3,4] (numbers in square bracket denote oxidation states of the ruthenium (Ru) centers) in 0.1 M HNO3, as well as further oxidation of BD[4,5] are slower in D2O by 2.1–2.5. Ce(IV) oxidation of BD[4,5] and reaction with H2O result in formation of an intermediate, BD[3,4]′, which builds up in reaction mixtures on the minute time scale. Combined results under the conditions of these experiments at pH 1 indicate that oxidation of BD[3,4]′ is a rate limiting step in water oxidation with the BD catalyst.
Effect of Thermal Treatment of Veneer on Formaldehyde Emission of Poplar Plywood
Authors: Murata Koji , Watanabe Yashuhiro , Nakano Takato
Published: January 2013

A large amount of poplar plywood is now being imported into Japan from China, and as a result, formaldehyde emitted from this plywood represents an undesirable chemical that must be controlled using a chemical catching agent. The aim of this study is to find an approach to reduce the formaldehyde emission of poplar plywood using thermal treatment without employing any chemicals. The experimental results obtained show that heating veneer sheets in the temperature range of 150 °C to 170 °C effectively reduced the formaldehyde emission of plywood, without diminishing the mechanical properties of the veneer. By applying Langmuir’s theory and Hailwood-Horrobin theory to the adsorption isotherm obtained in this study, the relationship between the formaldehyde emission of plywood and the adsorption properties of veneer as a material is discussed. When veneer sheets were heated in the temperature range of 150 °C to 170 °C, the amount of hydrated water (monomolecular layer) decreased slightly and that of dissolved water (polymolecular layer) did not change. It is hypothesized that the formaldehyde emission of plywood is related to the condition of the adsorption site of the wood.
Characterisation of the Metabolites of 1,8-Cineole Transferred into Human Milk: Concentrations and Ratio of Enantiomers
Authors: Kirsch Frauke , Buettner Andrea
Published: January 2013

1,8-Cineole is a widely distributed odorant that also shows physiological effects, but whose human metabolism has hitherto not been extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was, thus, to characterise the metabolites of 1,8-cineole, identified previously in human milk, after the oral intake of 100 mg of this substance. Special emphasis was placed on the enantiomeric composition of the metabolites since these data may provide important insights into potential biotransformation pathways, as well as potential biological activities of these substances, for example on the breastfed child. The volatile fraction of the human milk samples was therefore isolated via Solvent Assisted Flavour Evaporation (SAFE) and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The absolute concentrations of each metabolite were determined by matrix calibration with an internal standard, and the ratios of enantiomers were analysed on chiral capillaries. The concentrations varied over a broad range, from traces in the upper ng/kg region up to 40 µg/kg milk, with the exception of the main metabolite α2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole that showed concentrations of 100–250 µg/kg. Also, large inter- and intra-individual variations were recorded for the enantiomers, with nearly enantiomerically pure α2-hydroxy- and 3-oxo-1,8-cineole, while all other metabolites showed ratios of ~30:70 to 80:20.
Study of Total Antioxidant Activity of Human Serum Blood in the Pathology of Alcoholism
Authors: Korotkova Elena , Freinbichler Wolfhardt , Linert Wolfgang , Dorozhko Elena , Bukkel Mariya , Plotnikov Evgeniy , Voronova Olesya
Published: January 2013

The total antioxidant activity (TAA) of human serum blood of patients suffering from alcoholism was tested by cathode voltammetry with a model process of oxygen electroreduction. A known spectrophotometrical method was used for comparison. As results the total antioxidant activity of serum blood of patients with alcoholism was estimated by voltammetry during therapy in hospital. It was shown the TAA of serum blood of patients in pathology before and after treatment is lower than that one of healthy people. However, during the process of 10 days of alcoholism treatment the TAA coefficient increases. The relationship between the coefficient of total antioxidant activity of human serum blood and the stage of treatment was detected.
Disruption of the Putative Vascular Leak Peptide Sequence in the Stabilized Ricin Vaccine Candidate RTA1-33/44-198
Authors: Janosi Laszlo , Compton Jaimee , Legler Patricia , Steele Keith , Davis Jon , Matyas Gary , Millard Charles
Published: January 2013

Vitetta and colleagues identified and characterized a putative vascular leak peptide (VLP) consensus sequence in recombinant ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) that contributed to dose-limiting human toxicity when RTA was administered intravenously in large quantities during chemotherapy. We disrupted this potentially toxic site within the more stable RTA1-33/44-198 vaccine immunogen and determined the impact of these mutations on protein stability, structure and protective immunogenicity using an experimental intranasal ricin challenge model in BALB/c mice to determine if the mutations were compatible. Single amino acid substitutions at the positions corresponding with RTA D75 (to A, or N) and V76 (to I, or M) had minor effects on the apparent protein melting temperature of RTA1-33/44-198 but all four variants retained greater apparent stability than the parent RTA. Moreover, each VLP(−) variant tested provided protection comparable with that of RTA1-33/44-198 against supralethal intranasal ricin challenge as judged by animal survival and several biomarkers. To understand better how VLP substitutions and mutations near the VLP site impact epitope structure, we introduced a previously described thermal stabilizing disulfide bond (R48C/T77C) along with the D75N or V76I substitutions in RTA1-33/44-198. The D75N mutation was compatible with the adjacent stabilizing R48C/T77C disulfide bond and the Tm was unaffected, whereas the V76I mutation was less compatible with the adjacent disulfide bond involving C77. A crystal structure of the RTA1-33/44-198 R48C/T77C/D75N variant showed that the structural integrity of the immunogen was largely conserved and that a stable immunogen could be produced from E. coli. We conclude that it is feasible to disrupt the VLP site in RTA1-33/44-198 with little or no impact on apparent protein stability or protective efficacy in mice and such variants can be stabilized further by introduction of a disulfide bond.
Fruits of Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) from the Cenozoic throughout the northern hemisphere: Their ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic implications
Authors: Wang Qi , Manchester Steven R. , Gregor Hans‐Joachim , Shen Si , Li Zhen‐yu
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) has four extant deciduous tree species, disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and the Fiji Islands. While K. paniculata is widely cultivated, the biogeographic origin and evolutionary history of Koelreuteria remain unclear.

• Methods: Fruits, pollen, wood, and leaves of closely related extant taxa were examined in comparison with fossil remains to evaluate the fossil record and biogeographic history of Koelreuteria.

• Key results: Overall, characters of capsular fruits are more diagnostic than other organs for this genus. We describe two new species of fruit remains from the Eocene, K. taoana sp. nov. (northeastern China and far eastern Russia) and K. dilcheri sp. nov. (western United States), and give emended descriptions of three species: K. allenii (Lesq.) W. N. Edwards (early–late Eocene of the United States), K. macroptera (Kováts) W. N. Edwards (late Oligocene–early Pliocene of Europe), and K. miointegrifoliola Hu et R. W. Chaney (Miocene of eastern Asia).

• Conclusions: Reliable fossil records of capsules and ring‐porous wood indicate that Koelreuteria may have originated in North Pacific‐Rim area of the northern hemisphere by the early Eocene, representing an early temperate lineage in Sapindaceae adapted for wind dispersal. The fossils herein place a minimum age (ca. 52 Ma) for the divergence of Koelreuteria from tropical genera that appear more basal in the molecular phylogeny of Sapindaceae. Regional extinctions after the Eocene in North America and the Pliocene in Europe, reduced the range of Koelreuteria to eastern Asia, where three species occur today. The present distribution of another species in the Southern Pacific may be explained by long‐distance dispersal.
Development of peptidomimetic ligands of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 as allosteric modulators of the dopamine D2 receptor
Authors: Bhagwanth Swapna , Mishra Ram K , Johnson Rodney L
Published: January 2013

A variety of stable, small-molecule peptidomimetic ligands have been developed to elucidate the mechanism by which the neuropeptide Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission. Photoaffinity labeling ligands based upon PLG peptidomimetics have been used to establish that PLG binds to the D2 dopamine receptor at a site that is different from the orthosteric site, thus making PLG and its peptidomimetics allosteric modulators of the dopamine receptor. Through the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics containing lactam, bicyclic, and spiro-bicyclic scaffolds, support was provided for the hypothesis that the bioactive conformation of PLG is a type II β-turn. In addition, studies with peptidomimetics designed to mimic either a type VI β-turn or polyproline II helix conformation yielded molecules that were able to modulate dopamine receptors because of their ability to place the carboxamide NH2 pharmacophore in the same topological space as that seen in the type II β-turn. Extensive studies with the spiro-bicyclic PLG peptidomimetics also established that both positive and negative modes of modulation were possible for the same series of peptidomimetics simply as a result of minor differences in the stereochemistry about the bridgehead carbon within the scaffold. This information was used to transform existing positive modulators into negative modulators, which demonstrated that small structural changes in the spiro-bicyclic dopamine receptor modulators are capable of causing major changes in the modulatory activity of PLG peptidomimetics.
Football professionnel en Europe : un modèle original de régulation financière sectorielle
Authors: Dermit-Richard Nadine
Published: January 2013

Résumé La fédération européenne de football a instauré en 2004 un système de régulation sectoriel dans les compétitions interclubs européennes. Notre objectif est de comprendre sa genèse et ses évolutions dans le cadre de la mise en place en 2010 du principe de fair-play financier. Plus généralement, il s’agit de comprendre l’évolution d’un système de régulation rendue nécessaire par l’adaptation des objectifs de régulation aux dysfonctionnements du marché.
L'immigration clandestine à Mayotte
Authors: Legeard Luc
Published: January 2013

La mort par asphyxie le 16 août 2012 d’un nourrisson de deux mois au centre de rétention de Mayotte a suscité dans la presse nationale un vif émoi. Le ministère de l’Intérieur a décidé d’envoyer un émissaire : Christian Christnacht, ancien haut-commissaire de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le dossier est en effet devenu très sensible. Les drames humains sans cesse renouvelés sont devenus des scandales qui ne peuvent honorer la présence de la France dans le canal du Mozambique.
Le modèle américain face à l'émergence économique de l'Asie
Authors: Prestowitz Clyde
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le déséquilibre structurel de l’économie mondiale a atteint aujourd’hui de telles proportions que sa stabilité et sa croissance pourraient s’en trouver menacées. Le système pourrait ne pas être en mesure d’absorber l’essor de la Chine et de l’Inde. Tandis que l’Amérique est virtuellement le seul pays consommateur net du monde, la croissance par les exportations des économies asiatiques a longtemps érodé la capacité productive des États-Unis, dans le secteur des biens manufacturés tout d’abord, mais aussi désormais dans les technologies et les services à haute valeur ajoutée. Un rééquilibrage de l’épargne et de la consommation à l’échelle mondiale est nécessaire pour que la mondialisation reste viable.
La véritable Quatrième Guerre mondiale
Authors: Bacevich Andrew
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’action politique et militaire américaine au Moyen-Orient a reçu diverses appellations : guerre contre la terreur, choc des civilisations, démocratisation. Mais toute cette entreprise est en fait le fruit d’une décision prise il y a plusieurs décennies, selon laquelle l’«  American way of life  » requiert un accès illimité au pétrole étranger. Bien avant la fin de la Guerre froide, sous Jimmy Carter, l’Amérique est entrée dans une quatrième guerre mondiale. Dans la plus pure tradition américaine, l’administration Bush a cru qu’elle pourrait reprendre du début toute l’histoire du grand Moyen-Orient.
Œdipe en instances
Authors: Louppe Albert
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’extension du champ du complexe d’Œdipe depuis sa théorisation en 1923, vers la précocité et une plus grande dimension groupale, a progressivement mis l’accent sur sa potentialité originairement attractive pour la psyché de l’ infans . Le complexe d’Œdipe est in fine la réalisation d’une préconception œdipienne construite dans la rencontre de l’Œdipe parental et des capacités d’investissement et d’identification propres à l’enfant. La topique issue de la conflictualité œdipienne est l’héritière d’un mouvement de processualisation de l’objet, terme du travail de transformation du couple investissement/identification.
La séduction dans la cure des adolescents : Œdipe et/ou Narcisse ?
Authors: Abella Adela
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’auteur discute le rôle de la séduction, autant narcissique qu’œdipienne, dans la cure analytique, en particulier chez des adolescents. Il s’agirait d’en être conscient afin de promouvoir un espace de liberté personnelle et une meilleure appropriation subjective.
La fin du monde
Authors: André Jacques
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le complexe d’Œdipe est la notion la plus perdue, la plus détournée, de la psychanalyse freudienne. Il n’est plus aujourd’hui question que de « structuration, symbolisation, triangulation... » On ne voit plus du tout en quoi un complexe défini en termes de différences, de structure, d’organisation... devrait voler en éclat ou courir à la catastrophe , selon le mot de Freud. Il en va tout autrement si l’on entend, comme ce dernier le dit, complexe comme un creuset de violence, celle de désirs incestueux et meurtriers qui n’ont de cesse de trouver leur accomplissement. Désirer coucher avec sa mère et tuer son père n’a jamais structuré personne.
Du rien au meurtre
Authors: Cournut Monique
Published: January 2013

Résumé Problèmes identitaires, quand le pare-excitation n’a pu jouer son rôle protecteur du narcissisme. Nécessité pour l’analyste de co-sentir, voire co-souffrir, avant que ne puisse s’instaurer, à travers des identifications hystériques partagées, et souvent grâce au passage par le carrefour de l’analité, un fonctionnement psychique tiercéisé.
Du corps hystérique à l'Œdipe hystérique
Authors: Godfrind Jacqueline
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’hystérie n’est pas seulement œdipienne. L’analyse peut mettre à jour des moments régressifs où le corps, l’affect, le traumatique envahissent l’espace analytique. L’élaboration de tels moments demande à l’analyste une position contre-transférentielle faite d’oscillations entre une identification primaire aux vécus transférentiels et de reprise tiércéisante qui soutienne le processus de symbolisation.
D'Antœdipe à Œdipe, Jacques Ier d'Angleterre précurseur d'Hamlet ?
Authors: Joubert Martin
Published: January 2013

Résumé Si Hamlet a pu mettre Freud sur le chemin d’Œdipe, lui-même avait eu un modèle. Shakespeare s’est inspiré du roi Jacques I er d’Angleterre dont la vie psychique semble avoir été dominée par des éléments antœdipiens. Ainsi, d’un personnage à l’autre, on semble glisser imperceptiblement d’Antœdipe à Œdipe. Quels sont les points d’inflexion de ce mouvement ?
Au cœur de la rencontre entre anthropologie et psychanalyse : l'Œdipe et ses interdits
Authors: Parat Hélène
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les composantes fondatrices de l’Œdipe – différence des générations et différence des sexes – sous-tendent les mythes autant qu’ils organisent le champ de l’inceste et de ses interdits, en anthropologie comme en psychanalyse. Cet article interroge en particulier l’interdit de l’inceste en tant que point de discorde comme de rencontre entre discours anthropologique et psychanalytique, à travers les élaborations d’A. Green, B. Juillerat, M. Godelier et F. Héritier.
Emil Zatopek dans la Guerre Froide : de la soumission à la rébellion (1948-1968)
Authors: Fortune Yohann
Published: January 2013

Résumé C’est au début de la guerre froide, entre les Jeux Olympiques de Londres (1948) et les championnats d’Europe de Berne (1954), que le coureur de fond Emil Zatopek entre au Panthéon de l’athlétisme. Héros des Jeux d’Helsinki, le coureur tchécoslovaque devient rapidement l’un des plus grands emblèmes de l’athlétisme et aussi celui du régime politique en vigueur à l’Est. Engagé dans l’armée, l’athlète d’État monte dans la hiérarchie militaire au rythme de ses succès, passant du grade de sergent à celui de colonel. Son statut de sportif de haut niveau lui permet de bénéficier de conditions de vie quelque peu privilégiées, au sein d’un régime caractérisé par l’austérité et qui, en ce début des années 1950, fait régner la terreur totalitaire. C’est dans ce contexte de guerre froide qu’Emil Zatopek devient le porte-parole sportif du régime de démocratie populaire instauré en Tchécoslovaquie. Son rôle est celui d’un athlète d’État, dont les sorties internationales sont contrôlées et les paroles surveillées. L’homme apparaît totalement soumis au régime. Face à cela, au moment des évènements du Printemps de Prague, sa prise de position en faveur du réformateur Alexander Dubcek marque un engagement politique à la fois fort et inédit de la part de l’ex-champion. En ce mois d’août 1968, tandis que la répression militaire des chars Soviétiques bat son plein dans les rues de Prague, Emil Zatopek demande l’éviction de la délégation de l’URSS des prochains Jeux de Mexico. À partir d’une analyse d’articles de la presse française et étrangère, de documents vidéo et de quelques ouvrages de propagande, cet article vise à relativiser ce retournement d’opinion. Entre 1948 et 1968, la trajectoire d’Emil Zatopek dans la guerre froide est d’abord celle d’un homme dont le positionnement idéologique et sportif alterne en permanence entre soumission et rébellion.
Pourquoi les sportives ne sont-elles pas féministes ?
Authors: Mennesson Christine
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article interroge la relative absence de mobilisations genrées dans le monde sportif, lieu pourtant privilégié d’expression de la hiérarchie entre les sexes, en mobilisant conjointement les approches interactionnistes et structuralistes de l’engagement militant. Dans le cas des sportives enquêtées, les modes de socialisation, familiale et sportive, construisent la figure de la féministe comme un modèle repoussoir. Par ailleurs, les institutions sportives sélectionnent les femmes qui correspondent le plus aux attentes fédérales, limitant ainsi les possibilités de contestation. Plusieurs enquêtes dans des pratiques « masculines » illustrent les difficultés des mobilisations genrées dans le sport.
Former des économistes au développement durable : les enjeux d’une expérimentation niveau Master
Authors: Figuière Catherine , Rocca Michel
Published: January 2013

Ce texte a pour objectif de rendre compte d’une expérimentation menée en Master d’économie à l’Université des Sciences Sociales de Grenoble, dans le domaine de l’éducation en vue du développement durable. En première année, les étudiants peuvent suivre de nombreux enseignements sur le développement durable, notamment appliqués aux entreprises. Le suivi des cohortes montre que, tout en souhaitant conserver leur orientation DD, des étudiants choisissent le Master 2 pro « Expertise socio-économique et conduite du changement organisationnel » qui n’aborde pas explicitement la question du DD. Il vise en effet un apprentissage à la conduite du changement et forme aux méthodes (participatives notamment) et aux outils de l’expertise pour conduire des stratégies de changement en contexte de mutation, indispensables pour « faire » du DD. À partir de l’analyse des trajectoires professionnelles des jeunes diplômés sur la base des fiches de postes, cette contribution conclut sur la pertinence de ce « bricolage », qui répond aux attentes des employeurs soucieux de développer des « pratiques durables » dans leur organisation.
Éco-conseil : le défi d'appliquer le développement durable au deuxième cycle universitaire
Authors: Villeneuve Claude
Published: January 2013

Depuis 2001, l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) offre le DÉSS en éco-conseil, un programme intensif de deuxième cycle qui vise à former des professionnels du développement durable (DD). Cette formation se caractérise par sa transdisciplinarité, son ancrage dans l’action et son originalité par rapport à l’enseignement traditionnel. En 2008, un programme court de DD appliqué a été créé dans la foulée du DÉSS en éco-conseil pour accommoder les étudiants désireux d’acquérir des compétences en DD à distance et en 2010, un programme court sur la gestion durable du carbone forestier s’est ajouté. En mai 2011, l’UQAC offre une maîtrise par cumul aux diplômés du DÉSS. Un programme court « Énergie et développement durable » devrait être offert à compter de l’automne 2012.Parmi les éléments originaux de ces formations, la mise en œuvre du DD par les étudiants tout au long de leur cursus se trouve dans la théorie comme dans la pratique. Après dix cohortes, la formule s’avère non seulement reproductible, mais les lignes de force et les clés de la réussite peuvent en être formalisées. Parmi celles-ci, la multidisciplinarité des étudiants et des formateurs, l’investissement personnel, la pensée complexe, les compétences en communication, le dialogue interculturel et une connaissance large des problèmes d’environnement sont à signaler. Depuis qu’il est dispensé au Québec, plus de 110 diplômés sont issus de ce programme qui a pris naissance en Europe. Ils se distinguent à de multiples égards sur le marché du travail. L’enjeu de la pérennité de cette expérience demeure toujours une question ouverte.
L’éducation en vue d’un développement durable dans la formation des enseignants en Suisse : entre directives ministérielles et mises en œuvre pratiques
Authors: Pellaud Francine , Bourqui François , Gremaud Bertrand , Rolle Lionel
Published: January 2013

Partant d’une présentation du système scolaire suisse et de ses spécificités en matière d’éducation au développement durable, cet article met en perspective les soubassements théoriques sur lesquels s’appuie cette éducation, ainsi que des pistes concrètes proposées aux étudiants de la Haute école pédagogique (HEP) de Fribourg, responsables de la formation des futurs enseignants de l’école primaire dans ce canton. L’interdisciplinarité y occupe une place importante. En effet, le nouveau plan d’études pour la Suisse francophone place cette dernière au cœur de l’enseignement obligatoire. Afin d’offrir le maximum de chance à cette interdisciplinarité de sortir des seules déclarations de bonnes intentions, l’unité de recherche en didactique des sciences et éducation au développement durable de la HEP de Fribourg l’a non seulement intégrée comme base d’enseignement dans l’ensemble de ses cours, mais elle tente également de la proposer comme projet institutionnel. Divisé en quatre parties complémentaires, cet article présente une vision complète de la place et de la manière dont l’éducation en vue d’un développement durable et de l’interdisciplinarité s’installent dans le système scolaire, depuis les directives administratives officielles jusque dans la formation des futurs enseignants.
Syringomyelia Regression after Shunting of a Trapped Fourth Ventricle
Authors: Morina Dukagjin , Petridis Athanasios K. , Fritzsche Friedericke S. , Ntoulias Georgios , Scholz Martin
Published: January 2013

We describe a case of progressive syringomyelia following post-infectious trapped fourth ventricle (TFV), which resolved after shunting of the fourth ventricle. A 28-year-old female who had previously undergone treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage and meningitis developed a hydrocephalus with TFV. After 3 years she developed disturbance of walking and coordination. Cranial-CT revealed an enlargement of the shunted fourth ventricle as a result of shunt dysfunction. Furthermore a cervical syringomyelia developed. The patient underwent a revision of a failed fourth ventriculo- peritoneal shunt. Postoperatively, syringomyelia resolved within 6 months and the associated neurological deficits improved significantly. An insufficiency of cerebrospinal fluid draining among patients with TFV can be associated with communicating syringomyelia. An early detection and treatment seems important on resolving syringomyelia and avoiding permanent neurological deficits. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in trapped fourth ventricles can resolve a secondary syringomyelia.
Citrullinemia Type I and Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in a 1-Month Old Male Infant
Authors: Rhee Yoona , Heaton Todd , Keegan Catherine , Ahmad Ayesha
Published: January 2013

Citrullinemia type I (CTLN1) is an inherited urea cycle disorder, now included in most newborn screening panels in the US and Europe. Due to argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency, CTLN1 can lead to recurrent hyperammonemic crisis that may result in permanent neurologic sequelae. Vomiting in patients with urea cycle disorders may either be the result or cause of acute hyperammonemia, particularly if due to an illness that leads to catabolism. Therefore, age-appropriate common etiologies of vomiting must be considered when evaluat- ing these patients. We present a 1-month old male infant with CTLN1 who had a 1-week history of vomiting and was discovered to have hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. This is the first documented case of an infant with CTLN1 who was later diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and only the second case of concomitant disease.
Hemoglobin Interlaken in Combination with Beta Thalassemia Trait
Authors: Ojeda Mara J. , Perez Susana M. , Calvo Karina L. , Pratti Arianna F. , Voss María E. , Milani Angela C. , Chiappe Gustavo , Erramouspe Beatriz , Bragós Irma M.
Published: January 2013

We report a rare a1 globin gene variant (Hb Interlaken) found in a 63-year-old woman of Italian ancestry living in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The variant, a missense mutation at cd15 (GGT → GAT) causing a Gly → Asp amino acid substitution and also known as Hb J Oxford, was found in combination with the common thalassemia trait cd 39 (C → T). The clinical picture of the patient was that of a b-thalassemia trait.
Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Abdomino-Pelvic Masses: Role of Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Ojili Vijayanadh , Tirumani Sree Harsha , Chintapalli Kedar N. , Gunabushanam Gowthaman
Published: January 2013

Recent advances in radiology have greatly increased the ability to make highly accurate diagnosis. Biopsy of many commonly seen lesions is no longer performed as the radiological findings are pathognomonic. This gives rise to the concept of ‘virtual biopsy’, a term coined on the lines of other imaging techniques such as virtual colonoscopy. Virtual biopsy is not a new imaging technique but a new concept which refers to the use of existing imaging modalities to evaluate the morphological features of tumors and arriving at a non-invasive diagnosis with a high degree of confidence obviating the need for true biopsy. Elements of virtual biopsy have already been incorporated into some evidence-based guidelines, and it is expected that with further technological advancements, an increasing number of tumors may be diagnosed and managed accordingly. A wider acceptance of virtual biopsy could further reduce the need for invasive biopsies and its attendant costs and risks. In this review article, we use index cases to further emphasize this concept.
Android Shape Independent of Aerobic Fitness: A Risk Factor for Low Bone Mineral Content in Overweight and Obese Latina Women
Authors: Afghani Afrooz
Published: January 2013

Objective

The link between central adiposity and osteopenia has not been extensively studied in Latina women. In particular, the association between abdominal weight and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), independent of total weight and aerobic capacity, remains uncertain, especially in overweight and obese individuals.

Methods

Trunk weight, total body fat mass, fat-free mass, BMC, and BMD of 33 premenopausal Latina women age 22 to 51 years from Los Angeles, California were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Waist circumference (WC) was measured without clothing at the smallest circumference of the torso. Peak aerobic capacity (peak VO2) was determined by treadmill ergometry with direct measurement of oxygen consumption.

Results

Partial correlations controlling for total body fat mass, fat-free mass, and peak VO2 revealed a significant inverse relationship between BMC and WC ( r = −0.54, P < 0.05) but not between BMD and WC ( r = −0.18, P = 0.41). Similarly, while controlling for total body fat, fat-free mass, and peak VO2, BMC was inversely associated with trunk fat ( r = −0.75, P < 0.001), with trunk lean ( r = −0.61, P < 0.05) and with total trunk weight ( r = −0.75, P < 0.001); results were non-significant for BMD. When these analyses were repeated separately in overweight (n = 10) versus in the obese (n = 18) women, inverse relationships between BMC and trunk fat as well as between BMC and total trunk weight became stronger in the obese compared with the overweight women.

Conclusion

Although general obesity may prevent osteoporosis, these findings suggest that abdominal obesity (ie, trunk weight) specifically and independently may adversely influence bone mass.
Fungal Exopolysaccharide: Production, Composition and Applications
Authors: Mahapatra Subhadip , Banerjee Debdulal
Published: January 2013

Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the last two decades. These products, including pullulan, scleroglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although fungal EPSs are highly relevant, to date information concerning fungal biosynthesis is scarce and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of fungal EPSs are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. An inclusive and illustrative review on fungal EPS is presented here. The general outline of the present work includes fungal EPS production, their compositions and applications. An emphasis is also given to listing out different fungal strains that can produce EPSs.