bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description and Recognition of Symmetrical and Freely Oriented Images Based on Parallel Shift Technology
Authors: Al-zoubi Saleem Issa
Published: January 2019

The method of description and recognition of images based on the technology of parallel shift is described. The parallel shift technology allows only one characteristic for describing of images. The feature is the area of the image, which is determined by the number of cells belonging to the image. The main characteristics of the complex image area are described. The problem of using parallel shift technology is the inability to recognize symmetrical images and images with free orientation. In accordance with the problem in the paper a method is described that allows to recognize the orientation of the image, as well as recognizing symmetrical images that have the same functions of area of intersection. To solve the problem, additional elements are introduced on one of the edges of the image, which in a small amount distinguish it from the original image, and additional quantitative characteristics of the area are introduced. The additional elements are introduced only on one of the edges of the image for all images at the system input. For each rotated and symmetrical image with equal functions, the intersection areas a new intersection functions are defined. Differences in the functions of the areas of intersection of both images are determined and on the based on the obtained quantitative characteristics of the function of the area of intersection of the images the shape of the image are determined. To form the intersection function of the areas of the modified image, the number of shifts is increased by one, and also the function change occurs at each step in accordance with the introduced additional elements. The conducted research showed high reliability of image recognition.
High-Order Neural Networks are Equivalent to Ordinary Neural Networks
Authors: Dalhoum Abdel Latif Abu , Al-Rawi Mohammed
Published: January 2019

Equivalence of computational systems can assist in obtaining abstract systems, and thus enable better understanding of issues related their design and performance. For more than four decades, artificial neural networks have been used in many scientific applications to solve classification problems as well as other problems. Since the time of their introduction, multilayer feedforward neural network referred as Ordinary Neural Network (ONN), that contains only summation activation (Sigma) neurons, and multilayer feedforward High-order Neural Network (HONN), that contains Sigma neurons, and product activation (Pi) neurons, have been treated in the literature as different entities. In this work, we studied whether HONNs are mathematically equivalent to ONNs. We have proved that every HONN could be converted to some equivalent ONN. In most cases, one just needs to modify the neuronal transfer function of the Pi neuron to convert it to a Sigma neuron. The theorems that we have derived clearly show that the original HONN and its corresponding equivalent ONN would give exactly the same output, which means; they can both be used to perform exactly the same functionality. We also derived equivalence theorems for several other non-standard neural networks, for example, recurrent HONNs and HONNs with translated multiplicative neurons. This work rejects the hypothesis that HONNs and ONNs are different entities, a conclusion that might initiate a new research frontier in artificial neural network research.
Amjad Nasser’s Short Poem’s Stylistic Composition
Authors: Habashneh Qutaiba
Published: January 2019

The present study explores the stylistic composition of Amjad Nasser’s short poem. The analysis covers the features of the experience, the poet’s awareness of its forms and his motivations. It is found that the poet is conscious of the composition of the genre, which has its own function and beauty, and a technical necessity representing a stylistic stage of his poetry. Such poetic revolutionizing is a self-attempt experience to diversify the poetic shape, mixed with human and artistic factors which express rebellion and rejection and prefer the stylistic composition of the short poem. He is also affected by the heritage of Arab and Western modernism. It is also found that the poet builds his short poem on a set of foundations and techniques, such as intensity, irony, satire, circular construction, connotation, flash, omission, poetic concentration, squeezed language, ambiguity, intertextuality, opening, etc.
De rechtsfilosofische grondslagen van John Griffiths’ rechtssociologie
Authors: Kiewiet Jeroen
Published: January 2019

The legal philosophical foundation of John Griffiths’s sociology of law

The topic of this article is the legal philosophical foundation of John Griffiths’s sociology of law. Griffiths has developed his foundation of sociology of law in discussion with three positions: legal realism, Hart and Dworkin. These three positions give three different answers on the question ‘what is law?’. In the first part Griffiths’s discussion of legal realism is analyzed. From the outset, a legal realistic approach to law has the benefit of its strong focus on the empirical determinants of predicting the outcomes of cases. Problematic, according to Griffiths, is a naïve instrumentalism, often related to legal realism. The second part on Hart’s theory discussed Hart’s notion of rule-following as the core of Griffiths’s sociology of law. Also the different perspectives on law are discussed. According to Griffiths, Black’s extreme external perspective is problematic, but Hart’s moderate external perspective is also not suitable for the external comparative purpose of sociology of law. In the third part, Dworkin’s theory is discussed. Griffiths, in my opinion, unsuccessfully, tried to reconcile Dworkin’s theory with legal positivism. Dworkin’s theory is an interpretive theory from the participant’s point of view, which makes it hard to use it as an adequate foundation of an empirical theory of law. For a sociologist of law, choosing an adequate conception of law is just as important as the choice for an empirical method. The contribution of Griffiths to sociology of law is in this sense unique and of great value for the sociology of law.
De rol van intermediairs in het Nederlandse prostitutiebeleid
Authors: Zeegers Nicolle
Published: January 2019

The role of intermediaries in Dutch prostitution policy. Top-down application or bottom-up adjustment of rules?

Similar to the more current Regulator Intermediary Target (RIT) model, Griffiths’ Social Working (SW) theory points to the relevance of intermediaries for explaining rule following behavior. In this article, the author applies both theories (RIT and SW) concerning the role of intermediaries in rule following to explain developments in Dutch prostitution policy: the non-implementation of the emancipatory, sex workers’ rights based approach, and its replacement by a more repressive policy of closing down sex facilities. The analysis shows that although both theories contain useful starting point for explaining these developments, the SW theory’s special value is its acknowledgement of how regulatory intermediaries operate in a social field with existing social rules and a specific balance of power. Such rules and power relations have put barriers to the implementation of the Dutch prostitution policy as formulated in 1999. As illustrated in the article, the SW- theory offers more tools than the RIT- model for an analysis of how legal rules work in practice.
Verdergaan met de sociale-werkingsbenadering
Authors: Weyers Heleen
Published: January 2019

Continuing to develop the social working approach

John Griffiths’ social working approach of legislation tries to estimate the direct effects of laws which prescribe certain behavior. The basic idea of the approach is that rule-guided behavior (direct effect) is influenced by the different groups citizens belong to. Griffiths refers to these groups using the concept coined by Sally Moore (1971) ‘semi-autonomous social fields’. Although Griffiths never formulated hypotheses regarding the relation between SASFs and direct effects, the article explores two of them: If the relevant SASFs accept the new norm, direct effects will occur; and if the relevant SASFs are not ‘though’ (and don’t accept the new norm) direct effects will occur. These two hypotheses are related to the results of smoking bans in bars in the Netherlands. The acceptance of the smoking bans in bars is low. The thoughness of the SASFs in bars and their organization differ in time and so did the compliance with the smoking bans. Because this article is not based on research that depart from the hypotheses, further research based on the hypotheses is needed to draw firm conclusions. The article is rounded up with a plea to use Griffiths approach in impact assessments of legislation.
RECONSTRUCTION OF NON-EXISTENT BATHYMETRY LAKES KROKOWO
Authors: Ptak Mariusz
Published: January 2019

Intensive land reclamation works carried out a few centuries ago in Poland contributed to a significant impoverishment of the hydrographic network. Currently, more and more often there are problems related to water deficit and implementation of a programme aimed at expansion of retention, e.g. through the construction of artificial reservoirs or damming of natural jellies. In this work, the morphometry of the non-existent Krokowo Lake was reconstructed. It was established that as a result of the anthropopressure impact, the body of water of the area 58.0 ha and capacity of 2.6 millions m3 disappeared. In the light of the increased retention capacity in Poland, the restoration of natural lakes seems to be an interesting approach. Renaturalisation of these environmental elements in the context of improving the water balance components seems more justified than the creation of new (artificial) components.
Evaluation of prognostic factors affecting root coverage in patients before planned orthodontic treatment
Authors: Górski Bartłomiej , Górska Renata
Published: January 2019

During orthodontic dental arch expansion, especially in cases of teeth with gingival recessions, further loss of soft tissues and progression of recession might be observed. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate determinants of root coverage, increase in the width of keratinised tissue and gingival thickness after soft tissue augmentation procedures in patients before planned orthodontic treatment. Material and methods. 16 patients with the mean age of 28.18 (±6.58) years with 122 type I and II gingival recessions were enrolled in the study. Total, 32 soft tissue augmentation procedures with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) and tunnel technique (TUN) together with a connective tissue graft (CTG) were performed. The clinical and aesthetic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Results. CAF was performed more often in upper teeth and type I gingival recession, in contrast to TUN. The mean percentage root coverage on CAF sides was 98.48%, while on TUN sides it was 81.71%. Complete root coverage was achieved in 87.3% and 61.2% of gingival recessions, respectively. A multivariate linear regression showed that the amount of root coverage was significantly affected by baseline recession height (GR), recession type, type and position of a tooth and surgical modality. The increase in the width of keratinised tissue (WKT) was related to the baseline width of keratinised tissue, type and position of a tooth, whereas the increase in gingival thickness (GT) was associated with baseline gingival thickness, tooth position and gender. Best aesthetics was observed on the TUN sides. Conclusions. Baseline characteristics of a surgical site (GR, WKT, GT), recession type, position and type of a tooth, and treatment modality may be helpful in the prognosis of recession coverage, increase in the width of keratinised tissue and gingival thickness in orthodontic patients.
ENCHANTING THE WORLD ON THE BASIS OF EAST SIDE STORY BY IGOR GRUBIĆ. A LESSON OF PERFORMATIVE AESTHETICS
Authors: Dzierżyc-Horniak Anna
Published: January 2019

In her The Transformative Power of Performance. A New Aesthetics Erika Fischer-Lichte argues that everything which happens in a performance can be described as a repeated enchanting of the world and transformation of all the participants of the event. The text is an attempt to consider the videoinstallation East Side Story by Igor Grubić exactly from this perspective. It discusses key concept categories utilized by the German theatre researcher, and at the same time undertakes an attempt to fit them into the installation of the Chroatian artist. The analysis points out to the bodily co-presence of the actors and the viewers, the performative production of materiality of the performance and the way in which the performance becomes an event. Questions were asked about a performance live as opposed to a mediated performance.
Rhetoric of shown truth performance art
Authors: Bobrowska Ewa
Published: January 2019

This paper is focused on the phenomenon of the art of performance and happening, in particular by Allan Kaprow, as well as the forms of self-torture in the art of Chris Burden and Günter Brus. In their expression, performance is sincerity, the moment of truth, bringing out to light what, by the immersion in the stream of life, could remain undiscovered and veiled. The rhetoric of truth in this art is presented, inter alia, in the context of Heidegger’s statements on the essence of art and the function of the process. Performance is a peculiar, modern form of aestheticism, challenging time and the temporary dimension of existence, the limitations of one’s body and the psyche. In this way, the madness of this art comes close to the experience, which Kant describes as the sublime. The form of self-torture in this art discloses the need to escape from the suffering inflicted by being and the Self’s escape from itself in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas.
TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ORGANIZATION-AL AND INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE COUNTRY ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Burduli Vakhtang , Abesadze Ramaz
Published: January 2019

The article examines the methodological and practical issues of transformation and formation of industrial, tech-nological, organizational and institutional structures of the country's economy in the context of the integration processes of globalization. Modern interpretations of the sectoral and technological structures of the economy, the processes of technology development and their diffusion into host industries are highlighted and systematized. The influence of globalization factors on the sectoral and technological structure of the economy in individual coun-tries is shown, the relationship between the development of technological structures and the transformation of organizational and institutional systems is revealed. The processes of transformation of the organizational and institutional systems of the economy in the context of globalization and inter-country regionalization are identified and systematized.
A violência física na infância de estudantes de Enfermagem
Authors: Cunha Janice Machado da , Gonçalves Francisco Gleidson de Azevedo , Simões Danielle Cristina de Castro , Carmo Danielle Abraão do , Souza Valleska Maturano de
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo: “As vivências de violência física na infância do(a)s aluno(a)s de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem”. Os objetivos foram: a) analisar a ocorrência de violência física na infância de aluno(a)s de enfermagem; b) caracterizar os fatores circundantes à vivência dessa violência; e c) identificar as repercussões na vida adulta da violência sofrida na infância. O método utilizado foi quantitativo do tipo descritivo. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 190 estudantes de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (CEP/HUPE- Projeto nº 2102). Do total de sujeitos do estudo, 61 (32%) sofreram violência na infância, predominantemente no domicílio, e os familiares foram os agressores mais frequentes. A maioria dos alunos considera a palmada às vezes necessária e 9 (14%) dos que sofreram violência na infância relataram que essa experiência repercutiu em sua vida adulta. Assim, a ocorrência de violência familiar na infância dos alunos é relevante, e a punição corporal como forma de educação naturalizada. Sugere-se a abordagem desse problema de forma mais aprofundada nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem, favorecendo a prevenção da violência e o apoio aos que a vivenciaram ou vivenciam.
A Burning Monochrome: Fisher's Block
Authors: Jarvis Simon
Published: January 2019

Chapter seven, written by Simon Jarvis, explores the nature and consequences of blockage in Fisher’s work, mainly concentrating on the titles The Cut Pages, Interiors with Various Figures, and Ceremonial Poems. The chapter focuses on the period immediately before and after the writer’s block Fisher experienced in the late 1960s, and examines his attempts to dissolve the block. In Jarvis’s analysis, he brings into focus Fisher’s avoidance of concept, copula and cognition, as well as outlining the difference between a ‘block’ in both literary terms and also in personal and societal terms.
Last Things
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: January 2019

The final chapter in this text, written by Peter Robinson and aptly titled ‘Last Things’, focuses on Fisher’s volume of Collected Poems 1968. Robinson begins his analysis with a breakdown of the work’s original title, The Ghost of a Paper Bag, a sentence labelled by Fisher as ‘expressive’. The chapter also focuses on Fisher’s literary style, including his unusual use of the first person, and references the writer’s block experienced by Fisher in the late 1960s. The chapter concludes with a commentary on Fisher’s preoccupation with ‘last things’, including death and childhood illness, across the poems present in Collected Poems 1968.
Introduction
Authors: Frost Diane
Published: January 2019

This book is an attempt to unearth a forgotten history. It tells the story of a group of West Africans – the Kru – who as ship’s labourers and seafarers contributed much to British colonial trade with West Africa. Their story represents a significant part of Britain’s early ethnic history since their presence there dates back to at least the nineteenth century. In addition, the Kru presence in the post-war period is of equal significance, representing as it does a continuity in migration between the pre- and post-war period. Few other ethnic groups in Britain can claim this. Of greater significance is the fact that a Kru presence can still be identified today in cities such as Liverpool, once a thriving port of international significance, and historically important with reference to trading links with West Africa. Indeed it was trade between Liverpool and West Africa that brought these African migrants to the shores of Britain in the nineteenth century and led to their eventual settlement....
‘Alien’ Seamen in Liverpool
Authors: Frost Diane
Published: January 2019

‘‘Alien’ Seamen in Liverpool’ describes the experience of Kru seafarers in UK ports, and compares the Liverpool seafaring experience against that of Freetown. The chapter presents the varying expectations of African seamen against those of white seamen, accompanied with a comparison of wage and treatment. Frost foregrounds the looming concern over the employment of foreign seamen in Liverpool, and describes how the decreased social conditions and high unemployment rates after the First World War contributed to the colonial black seamen’s sense of blame and position as a scapegoat.
The Boys Want to be with the Boys: Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, Jones reviews Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash. She discusses the significance of associating cyberspace with science fiction and argues against using the ‘played out’ techniques of using suburban family values and hero vs. villain narratives into modern science fiction texts.
Alien Influences: Kristine Kathryn Rusch in the Dark
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, Jones offers a review of Kristine Kathryn Rusch’s Alien Influences. She defines the boundaries between science fiction and fantasy and notes the difficulties that arise when writing about aliens, because of the fact that they have not yet been met by human society. Jones states that Alien Influences is fixated with alienation, instead of aliens, and provides a harsh reflection of humanity.
Literary prize culture
Authors: Bush Ruth
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers the colonial heritage of the main literary prizes specific to African writing in French in the post-war period, awarded by the Association nationale desécrivains de la mer et de l’outre-mer (ANEMOM). It demonstrates how the ANEMOM gradually adapted to the changing political and cultural context of decolonization during the vingt glorieuses and examines how it sought to preserve certain aspects of France’s colonial imaginary by consecrating the ‘Empire de la langue française’.
Ireland’s parliamentary response
Authors: Huddie Paul
Published: January 2019

This chapter recounts the responses of Ireland’s MPs and peers in the British Houses of Parliament between 1853 and 1856; a period when there was no nationalist party that opposed the war. It will be shown that during the conflict Irish MPs and peers were largely indistinguishable from their British colleagues and counterparts. This chapter will show that the holders of Irish seats were largely absent from the ranks of the Conservative rebels and they did not participate in the goading and divisive tactics of Benjamin Disraeli, but also that Irish Liberals were absent from the anti-war and often anti-ministerial section of the Liberal benches. Irish members also responded to a number of distinctly Irish issues, and although they never moulded imperial issues into Irish ones, they did use the perceived valour and actual participation of Irish soldiers and sailors in the war to defend other distinctly Irish interests. It will be seen that the war represents a distinct period in Ireland’s parliamentary relationship with the British Empire, during which Irish members supported its defence and its interests in what they saw as a just and necessary war.
Ireland’s religious response
Authors: Huddie Paul
Published: January 2019

This chapter will highlight how the various Christian denominations in Ireland reacted to the Crimean War, and how, unlike the Indian Mutiny and Boer War, it stimulated a substantial, although not general and still quite brief, resurgence of inter-denominational cooperation and friendly relations. It will be shown that all Irish denominations, with the exception of the Quakers, supported the war against Russia and thus focussed their attention and vehemence upon the external enemy instead of each other, and that this was part of a wider Christian militarism within the United Kingdom at the time. This chapter will show that all the pro-war denominations viewed the conflict as just, necessary and even providential. This support for the war will be shown to have been manifest by the leadership, clergy and laity of all the churches through sermons, prayers, pamphlets, and newspapers and journal editorials, and through the provision of chaplains and nursing nuns to the armed forces.
Science Fiction and the Idea of History
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

Just over half-way through his juvenile novel, Citizen of the Galaxy, Robert Heinlein gets his hero Thorby involved in a play. The play is a historical one, dramatising the origins of the queer, nomadic, matriarchal, spaceship-society of Free Traders among whom Thorby now finds himself, and is to be produced publicly at their great Gathering. But it is introduced irreverently, like this:...
“People are Plastic”: Jack Vance and the Dilemma of Cultural Relativism
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

Jack Vance is commonly regarded as one of the most distinctive stylists of science fiction, a reputation which he indeed richly deserves.1 It is the purpose of this essay, however, to argue that Vance’s work should not be treated as merely whimsical or decorative, but should be seen as centrally preoccupied with one of the most acute moral dilemmas and major intellectual developments of our age: a dilemma and a development furthermore which tend to be avoided or left unfocused, to our detriment, in literature of the mainstream. The intellectual development is that of social or cultural anthropology, as presented to a wide English-speaking public in the middle years of this century. Marvin Harris says, in his ...
Introduction
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

A further sub-genre of science fiction is “worlds where magic works”. This chapter demonstrates the root of the idea in Sir James Frazer’s The Golden Bough (first edition 1890), which argued that magic was a concept parallel to science rather than opposed to it, and offered tentative laws of magic to support the theory. The parallel was eagerly seized on by many authors, who developed Frazer’s laws, and their application, in a manner increasingly Newtonian, creating more and more detailed, logical and complex scenarios. The sub-genre exemplifies once more the penetration of science fiction by cultural anthropology. A further intellectual movement picked out by some authors was the development of theories of the occult, again stemming for the most part from Frazer and his contemporaries.
Introduction
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

The relationship of science fiction to anthropological theory is further exemplified, in this chapter, by the work of Ursula K. Le Guin, herself the daughter of two famous anthropologists, Alfred and Theodora Kroeber. The first three volumes of Le Guin’s “Earthsea” trilogy once again place magic within the framework of her parents’ discipline. Her work moreover considers the relationship of magic to ancient myth, and also (as in Frazer’s Golden Bough) to religious belief and ritual, all of these considered with a mixture of criticism and sympathy. Le Guin manages the difficult feat of being at once iconoclastic and mythopoeic.
Rethinking Periodization for the ‘Now-Time’
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: January 2019

‘Rethinking Periodization for the ‘Now-Time’, written by Emily Apter, addresses literary history and the issue of time. The essay foregrounds periodicity as a category of literary scholarship and places emphasis on the meaning of ‘now-time’ in particular. In her essay, Apter also suggests alternative approaches to the problem of periodization for comparative aesthetics.
Of Sade, Blanchot, and the French Twentieth Century
Authors: Mehlman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

‘Of Sade, Blanchot, and the French Twentieth Century: Thoughts at Columbia’, written by Jeffrey Mehlman, retraces the peregrinations of Maurice Blanchot and considers his relevance today. The essay’s attention to authors’ reading (Blanchot’s readings of Sade and Duras; Marty’s readings, in turn, of Blanchot and Genet) underscores the critical valences of rereading as a contemporary practice.
Selves at Risk
Authors: Conley Tom
Published: January 2019

‘Selves at Risk: Reading Susan Suleiman with Marc Augé, La Vie en double’, written by Tom Conley, elaborates speculative answers to the question of what makes writing, and particularly certain forms of self-writing, possible. In his essay, Conley places Suleiman’s work in dialogue with the personal writings of ethnographer Marc Augé. Diving deeply into the thick of the material to excavate a hybrid concept of self-representation, he moves deftly between the literary critic and the ethnographer, ultimately suggesting that the shared ‘existential tenor’ of the two bodies of work cannot be happenstance, but rather the result of a shared impulse to perform an ‘ethnology of the self’ through writing.
Being Serious: Modiano’s Use of History
Authors: Kawakami Akane
Published: January 2019

Modiano is still often thought of as a novelist of the Occupation, although he famously did not live through the period; nevertheless, his descriptions of les années noires are startling in their authenticity. This chapter examines what Modiano is doing by resurrecting – and appropriating – this particularly problematic period of French history in his novels. It suggests that, by placing the (French) reader within the period through the use of the empty narrator, the disorderly narrative structure and the unreal mode of representation, Modiano makes sure that s/he is deeply implicated in it. The narrative structures (analysed in the preceding chapters) ensure that the act of reading involves the making of moral choices for the reader, drawing him/her into the period which is brought alive by the ‘real’ names of places and people which refer back to history and reality.
Nacimiento y expansión de la Anglo-Spanish Society (1916–1920)
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

Antes del siglo XX, las relaciones hispano-británicas estuvieron determinadas por estereotipos malintencionados, como la Leyenda Negra o la Pérfida Albión. Estas opiniones adversas tenían su origen en los enfrentamientos que los monarcas ingleses e hispánicos mantuvieron por cuestiones religiosas, comerciales o de otra índole desde la Edad Moderna. Lejos de desaparecer como lágrimas en la lluvia, estas imágenes de enemistad resistieron el paso del tiempo, llegando a coexistir con otras más positivas que surgieron progresivamente en época contemporánea....
Acknowledgements
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

In 1916, the 3rd centenary of William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes’ deaths, which were both in 1616, was commemorated as “another happy tie” between Spain and England. The governments of both countries scheduled events and implemented different projects to pay homage to “the two great literary glories”. As part of these celebrations, the Anglo-Spanish Society was founded to strengthen mutual understanding between the people of both nations....
Landscaping Nature’s Otherness in Pre-1960s Terraforming and Proto-Gaian Stories
Authors: Pak Chris
Published: January 2019

This chapter brings to bear environmental philosopher Keekok Lee’s three fundamental environmental theses (the Asymmetry, Autonomy and No-Teleology Theses) to consider how science fiction constructs human relationships to cosmological nature. It considers how pre-1950s science fiction engages with concepts now central to environmental philosophy before moving on to examine the sublime in proto-Gaian living world narratives. Underlying this discussion is the concept of nature’s otherness, a relationship between non-human nature and the human. It builds on the insight that the initial growth of ecologism in the 1880s involved two strands, a mechanistic view of nature based on energy economics and a monism that involved a vitalist view of nature as essentially irreducible to mechanistic conceptions. These concepts form the core of the readings to follow.
Transformations of ‘Dutchness’: From Happy Multiculturalism to the Crisis of Dutch Liberalism
Authors: Leeuw Marc de , Wichelen Sonja van
Published: January 2019

Marc de Leeuw and Sonja van Wichelen’s ‘Transformations of ‘Dutchness’: From Happy Multiculturalism to the Crisis of Dutch Liberalism’ provides a discussion of Islamophobia in the Netherlands, placing it within the context of multiculturalism in Europe.
Restoring Lost Unity in Jacques Roumain’s Gouverneurs de la rosée
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the central theme of community in a close reading of Jacques Roumain’s Gouverneurs de la rosée. It foregrounds the novel’s embodiment of an ideal of organic community and analyses the act of re-building and restoring communal unity. Britton also looks at the success of Gouverneurs de la rosée, labelling it as one of the founding texts of Caribbean literature, and foregrounds what this means in terms of its consequent influence and power.
Living by Mistake: Individual and Community in Simone Schwarz-Bart’s Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a close reading of Simone Schwarz-Bart’s Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle, and portrays the rural Antillean community’s inability to derive any emotional strength from the past. The chapter discusses characters within the novels’ own changing ideas and attitude towards community, and explores the ways in which role models find their place.
On Not Belonging: Surrogate Families and Marginalized Communities in Maryse Condé’s Desirada
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter highlights Desirada’s opposition between the breakdown of the biological family unit and the contrastingly positive strength of relationships not based on biological kinship: friendship and surrogate parent-child relationships. The chapter also explores marginalized, heterogeneous communities, while foregrounding the representation of Guadeloupe and Martinique as ideal organic communities free from alienation and depersonalization.
How Bad is the Freedom to Flood-It?
Authors: Belmonte Rémy , Khosravian Ghadikolaei Mehdi , Kiyomi Masashi , Lampis Michael , Otachi Yota
Published: January 2019

${\rm F{\small IXED-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ and ${\rm F{\small REE-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ are combinatorial problems on graphs that generalize a
very popular puzzle called Flood-It. Both problems consist of
recoloring moves whose goal is to produce a monochromatic ("flooded") graph
as quickly as possible. Their difference is that in ${\rm F{\small REE-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ the player has the
additional freedom of choosing the vertex to play in each move. In this paper,
we investigate how this freedom affects the complexity of the problem. It
turns out that the freedom is bad in some sense. We show that some
cases trivially solvable for ${\rm F{\small IXED-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ become intractable for ${\rm F{\small REE-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$.
We also show that some tractable cases for ${\rm F{\small IXED-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ are still tractable for
${\rm F{\small REE-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ but need considerably more involved arguments. We finally present some combinatorial properties connecting or separating the
two problems. In particular, we show that the length of an optimal solution
for ${\rm F{\small IXED-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$ is always at most twice that of ${\rm F{\small REE-}F{\small LOOD-}I{\small T}}$, and this is tight.
Boundary Regularity and Nontransversal Intersection for the Fully Nonlinear Obstacle Problem
Authors: Indrei Emanuel
Published: January 2019

In this paper a classification is given of blowup solutions at the intersection of the free and fixed boundary corresponding to obstacle problems generated by fully nonlinear, uniformly elliptic operators. As a consequence, nontransversal intersection is shown to hold in any dimension. Several regularity results are also obtained. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI breast screening revisited
Authors: Heller Samantha L. , Moy Linda
Published: January 2019

Contrast‐enhanced breast MRI is a standard evidence‐based component of supplemental screening in conjunction with mammography for higher‐risk populations because of its high sensitivity for detecting breast cancer; the use of breast MRI for screening in high‐risk populations is recommended in multiple national and international guidelines. The current MRI exam, however, is expensive relative to other screening technologies such as mammography, and relatively more time‐intensive. Recent investigations have focused on techniques that have the potential for improving efficiency of the breast MRI exam, decreasing acquisition and reading times, without impacting diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this article is therefore to provide an overview of current MRI guidelines for screening for breast cancer and to discuss evolving technological approaches to breast MRI, in particular abbreviated and ultrafast MRI protocols, as well as MRI protocols without contrast that have the potential to improve MRI screening.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy Stage: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1212–1221.
Case in disruption: LexShares and the litigation finance sector
Authors: Lattemann Christoph , Alon Ilan , Patig Emily
Published: January 2019

Specializing in crowdfunding litigation via a web‐based platform, LexShares is part of a new generation of businesses designed to take advantage of the opportunities for disintermediation offered by the digitization of the economy. By connecting investors directly to plaintiffs and lawyers, LexShares has created an alternative financial investment product that is not dependent on the performance of traditional financial markets. Its business model shows how a single company can revolutionize its business sector by introducing and leveraging a disruptive technology. The company's experiences in the realm of litigation finance offer myriad lessons for business leaders seeking a competitive edge and new markets in any sector.
Applying action learning to corporate projects in executive education programs
Authors: Conine Thomas E. , Peratoner Carlo B.
Published: January 2019

A dynamic process that helps businesspeople learn individually, as a team, and as an organization, action learning enables a small, cross‐functional group of people to structure and solve real business problems while focusing on what they are learning and how their learning can benefit others. Ultimately, action learning can help organizations develop creative, flexible, and successful projects that, though initiated within an executive education program, continue well after its conclusion, serving to foster best practices and increase shareholder value. An effective action‐learning project aligns with the organization's business goals, helps it better serve its customers, and guides participants from the identification of enhanced processes to their implementation.
Analyzing the effectiveness of a Kenyan NGO with the HPO Framework
Authors: de Waal André A. , Olale Diana Adongo
Published: January 2019

Despite rapid growth in the nongovernment organization (NGO) sector in Africa, NGOs struggle to perform as effectively as their beneficiaries and donors would like. Previous research has identified many techniques for improving performance in the NGO context, but none has presented a holistic framework for addressing all the attributes of an effective NGO. To fill this gap, the leaders of a Kenyan NGO agreed to participate in a study of whether the HPO Framework, a scientifically validated technique to evaluate performance and elicit recommendations to transform an organization into a high‐performance organization, could be used to evaluate and improve the NGO's performance. Drawing on quantitative data and qualitative insight gleaned from interviews with internal staff and external stakeholders, the study found that the HPO Framework is a useful diagnostic tool in a nongovernment context to evaluate the current status of an NGO and elicit recommendations for improvement. Although the NGO's managers found the HPO Framework to be effective in measuring its organizational abilities, they did not immediately implement the proposed recommendations. This led to significant difficulties in the organization. As a result of stakeholder concerns, new managers were brought in to follow‐up on the HPO recommendations.
Addressing India's energy trilemma with a customized business excellence model
Authors: Dubey Manoj , Lakhanpal Pooja
Published: January 2019

The World Energy Council's Energy Trilemma Index ranks nations on their ability to provide energy that is secure, accessible and affordable, and environmentally sustainable. Although coal‐based thermal power generators significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, they are likely to remain a viable source of electricity for several decades, especially in developing countries such as India. Adapting current business excellence models to address factors that are essential to improving the efficiency of thermal power generators can help them improve the reliability and cost of the products and services they provide while minimizing environmental impact.
Doing business in China: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Anglès Valérie
Published: January 2019

Though increasingly attractive to Western investors, China can be a daunting environment in which to start a business because of the opacity of the cultural norms and a growing sense of nationalism. An analysis of 20 years of research and local experiences highlights the modern entrepreneurial spirit that currently co‐exists with complex, traditional values in China. By better understanding the nuances of these traditions and the context in which they are most commonly manifested, Western businesspeople can foster the good relations and engagement needed to assure the success of their ventures.
Pride in my past: Influencing sustainable choices through behavioral recall
Authors: Rowe Zoe O. , Wilson Hugh N. , Dimitriu Radu , Charnley Fiona J. , Lastrucci Giovanna
Published: January 2019

Emotional appraisal research has demonstrated that recalling a past behavior and its associated emotions can influence future behavior. However, how such recalled emotions shape sustainable consumer choice has not been examined. This study examines the role of recalled pride and guilt in shaping sustainable purchase intentions and the mediating role of anticipated pride and guilt. A conceptual model is proposed for motivating sustainable purchase intentions through the emotions associated with the behavioral recall. The model is applied in two experiments with online consumers examining purchase intentions of low carbon cars. Recalling feelings of pride associated with a past sustainability‐related behavior increases sustainable purchase intention, as compared with a neutral recall. This effect occurs through the mediation of both anticipated pride at the prospect of a sustainable behavior choice and anticipated guilt if the future choice is not sustainable. Similar hypotheses relating to recalled guilt at past unsustainable behavior were not supported. The study contributes to research on sustainable consumption, revealing an emotional route by which past behavior can influence future behavior. It also adds to emotional appraisal research by showing the role of specific self‐conscious emotions in forming this route, as prior research has focused more broadly on emotional valence.
On the supersymmetry invariance of flat supergravity with boundary
Authors: Concha Patrick , Ravera Lucrezia , Rodríguez Evelyn
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The supersymmetry invariance of flat supergravity (i.e., supergravity in the absence of any internal scale in the Lagrangian) in four dimensions on a manifold with non-trivial boundary is explored. Using a geometric approach we find that the supersymmetry invariance of the Lagrangian requires to add appropriate boundary terms. This is achieved by considering additional gauge fields to the boundary without modifying the bulk Lagrangian. We also construct an enlarged supergravity model from which, in the vanishing cosmological constant limit, flat supergravity with a non-trivial boundary emerges properly.
Surface defects in the D4-D8 brane system
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Petri Nicolò
Published: January 2019

Abstract

A new class of exact supersymmetric solutions is derived within minimal d = 6 F(4) gauged supergravity. These flows are all characterized by a non-trivial radial profile for the 2-form gauge potential included into the supergravity multiplet. In particular three solutions within this class are featured by an AdS3 foliation of the 6d background and by an AdS6 asymptotic geometry. Secondly, considering the simplest example of these, we give its massive IIA uplift describing a warped solution of the type AdS3 × S
2 × S
3 fibered over two intervals I

r
× I

ξ
. We interpret this background as the near-horizon of a D4-D8 system on which a bound state D2-NS5-D6 ends producing a surface defect. Finally we discuss its holographic dual interpretation in terms of a

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (0, 4) SCFT2 defect theory within the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 SCFT5 dual to the AdS6 × S
4 massive IIA warped vacuum.
Soft bootstrap and supersymmetry
Authors: Elvang Henriette , Hadjiantonis Marios , Jones Callum R. T. , Paranjape Shruti
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The soft bootstrap is an on-shell method to constrain the landscape of effective field theories (EFTs) of massless particles via the consistency of the low-energy S-matrix. Given assumptions on the on-shell data (particle spectra, linear symmetries, and low-energy theorems), the soft bootstrap is an efficient algorithm for determining the possible consistency of an EFT with those properties. The implementation of the soft bootstrap uses the recently discovered method of soft subtracted recursion. We derive a precise criterion for the validity of these recursion relations and show that they fail exactly when the assumed symmetries can be trivially realized by independent operators in the effective action. We use this to show that the possible pure (real and complex) scalar, fermion, and vector exceptional EFTs are highly constrained. Next, we prove how the soft behavior of states in a supermultiplet must be related and illustrate the results in extended supergravity. We demonstrate the power of the soft bootstrap in two applications. First, for the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 and

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 ℂℙ1 nonlinear sigma models, we show that on-shell constructibility establishes the emergence of accidental IR symmetries. This includes a new on-shell perspective on the interplay between

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetry, low-energy theorems, and electromagnetic duality. We also show that

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetry requires 3-point interactions with the photon that make the soft behavior of the scalar O(1) instead of vanishing, despite the underlying symmetric coset. Second, we study Galileon theories, including aspects of supersymmetrization, the possibility of a vector-scalar Galileon EFT, and the existence of higher-derivative corrections preserving the enhanced special Galileon symmetry. The latter is addressed both by soft bootstrap and by application of double-copy/KLT relations applied to higher-derivative corrections of chiral perturbation theory.
Emergent classical spacetime from microstates of an incipient black hole
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay , Berenstein David , Lewkowycz Aitor , Miller Alexandra , Parrikar Onkar , Rabideau Charles
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Black holes have an enormous underlying space of microstates, but universal macroscopic physics characterized by mass, charge and angular momentum as well as a causally disconnected interior. This leads to two related puzzles: (1) How does the effective factorization of interior and exterior degrees of freedom emerge in gravity?, and (2) How does the underlying degeneracy of states wind up having a geometric realization in the horizon area and in properties of the singularity? We explore these puzzles in the context of an incipient black hole in the AdS/CFT correspondence, the microstates of which are dual to half-BPS states of the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. First, we construct a code subspace for this black hole and show how to organize it as a tensor product of a universal macroscopic piece (describing the exterior), and a factor corresponding to the microscopic degrees of freedom (describing the interior). We then study the classical phase space and symplectic form for low-energy excitations around the black hole. On the AdS side, we find that the symplectic form has a new physical degree of freedom at the stretched horizon of the black hole, reminiscent of soft hair, which is absent in the microstates. We explicitly show how such a soft mode emerges from the microscopic phase space in the dual CFT via a canonical transformation and how it encodes partial information about the microscopic degrees of freedom of the black hole.