bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of the extreme heat and drought of the 2018 European summer 
Authors: Rousi Efi , Fink Andreas , Suarez-Gutierrez Laura ,   ClimXtreme project
Published: March 2022

The summer of 2018 was an extraordinary extreme season in Europe bringing simultaneous, widespread and coherent extremes of heat and drought in large parts of the continent with extensive impacts on agriculture, forests, water supply, and large financial losses. Joining different areas of expertise available within the German ClimXtreme project (https://www.climxtreme.net/index.php/en/), we present a comprehensive analysis of the 2018 extreme European summer in terms of heat and drought.

First, we define the events using different traditional, as well as, novel metrics. Then, we present a comprehensive dynamical analysis of the background atmospheric state, in order to better understand the events by bringing together different approaches. First results indicate that the summer of 2018 was characterized by persistent NAO+ conditions, which favored the occurrence and persistence of a Eurasian double jet stream structure. Both of those features contribute to the occurrence of heat extremes in western and central Europe. Additionally, positive blocking frequency anomalies were present over Scandinavia, which favored the intense heatwave in the region. An analysis of Rossby wave activity during the 2018 summer shows an eastward propagation of Rossby wave packets from the Pacific towards the Atlantic and the European continent already at the end of June and before the initiation of the heatwave over Scandinavia. When the peak over the Iberia occurs, there is no pronounced Rossby wave activity, which highlights the different mechanisms involved, i.e., subtropical ridges and Saharan air intrusions.

Low-frequency precursors, such as SSTs and soil moisture in spring, and their role in shaping those extreme events are also analyzed. A conspicuous tripolar SST anomaly pattern over the N. Atlantic, consisting of a cold blob south of Greenland and Iceland, was prominent starting in early spring. At the same time, a severe soil moisture depletion over Germany between April and July reflects the persistently warm and dry conditions in spring 2018 that caused anomalously dry soils in summer.

Last but not least, a tailored attribution study is presented, comparing the 2018 central European heatwave with similar events in the MPI Grande Ensemble and in CMIP6 models. To provide tailored information for this study, the event was defined as the maximum daily temperature in Germany averaged over different lengths of periods of consecutive days to account for the prolonged heat that characterized the summer of 2018. According to the MPI-GE almost every summer will be more extreme than 2018 under a 2˚C warmer world.

As heat and drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and intense under anthropogenic climate change, we argue that the scientific community can benefit from such comprehensive and transdisciplinary studies.
Quantifying the irrigation water use by assimilating SMAP-Sentinel1 1km soil moisture data using a particle batch smoother approach
Authors: Jalilvand Ehsan , Abolafia-Rosenweig Ronnie , Das Narendra , Tajrishy Massoud
Published: March 2022

Irrigation is the largest human intervention in the water cycle that can modulate climate extremes. Despite the importance of irrigation, global irrigation water use (IWU) remains largely unknown. Microwave remote sensing offers a low-cost solution to quantify IWU by monitoring the changes in the soil moisture caused by irrigation. However, high-resolution satellite soil moisture data has fewer observations and might miss irrigation events. This study tests a method to quantify the IWU by assimilating high resolution (~1km), but less frequent SMAP-Sentinel1 (SMAP-S1) remotely sensed soil moisture with a land surface model. We use a particle batch smoother (PBS) to assimilate the SMAP-S1 soil moisture data with the VIC (4.2d) land surface model. It is important to remove the biases between the model and the satellite observations prior to the data assimilation, so we also evaluate the impact of model calibration during the irrigation or rainy season on the quantified irrigation. Moreover, we conducted a synthetic experiment in which the uncertainty due to the noise in assimilated soil moisture data, the frequency of the satellite observations, and the knowledge of irrigation timing was investigated. We will present the results of these studies.
A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Rainfall Downscaling
Authors: Iotti Marcello , Davini Paolo , von Hardenberg Jost , Zappa Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

Predicting extreme precipitation events is one of the main challenges of climate science in this decade. Despite the continuously increasing computing availability, Global Climate Models’ (GCMs) spatial resolution is still too coarse to correctly represent and predict small-scale phenomena as convection, so that precipitation prediction is still imprecise. Indeed, precipitation shows variability on both spatial and temporal scales (much) smaller than the current state-of-the-art GCMs resolution. Therefore, downscaling techniques play a crucial role, both for the understanding of the phenomenon itself and for applications like e.g. hydrologic studies, risk prediction and emergency management. Seen in the context of image processing, a downscaling procedure has many similarities with super-resolution tasks, i.e. the improvement of the resolution of an image. This scope has taken advantage from the application of Machine Learning techniques, and in particular from the introduction of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).

In our work we exploit a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) to train a generator model to perform precipitation downscaling. This generator, a deep CNN, takes as input the precipitation field at the scale resolved by GCMs, adds random noise, and outputs a possible realization of the precipitation field at higher resolution, preserving its statistical properties with respect to the coarse-scale field. The GAN is being trained and tested in a “perfect model” setup, in which we try to reproduce the ERA5 precipitation field starting from an upscaled version of it.

Compared to other downscaling techniques, our model has the advantage of being computationally inexpensive at run time, since the computational load is mostly concentrated in the training phase. We are examining the Greater Alpine Region, upon which numerical models performances are limited by the complex orography. Nevertheless the approach, being independent of physical, statistical and empirical assumptions, can be easily extended to different domains.
MMS bow shock crossings database
Authors: Khotyaintsev Yuri , Lalti Ahmad , Dimmock Andrew P. , Johlander Andreas , Graham Daniel B.
Published: March 2022

Identifying collisionless shock crossings in data sent from spacecraft has so far been done manually. It is a tedious job that shock physicists have to go through if they want to conduct case studies or perform statistical studies. We use a machine learning approach to automatically identify shock crossings from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. We compile a database of those crossings including various spacecraft related and shock related parameters for each event. Furthermore, we show that the shocks in the database have properties that are spread out both in real space and parameter space. We also present a possible science application of the database by looking for correlations between ion acceleration efficiency at shocks and different shock parameters such as the shock geometry and the Mach number.
Mapping the bed in challenging radar environments on alpine glaciers and ice sheets using radar polarimetry
Authors: Ershadi M.Reza , Drews Reinhard , Koch Inka , Oraschewski Falk , Prinz Rainer , Martin Carlos , Eisen Olaf
Published: March 2022

Mapping the ice bed interface with radar is challenging in many alpine glaciers where the ice is temperate, and in-ice absorption is high. It is also difficult in selected regions of polar ice sheets such as near grounding zones and in ice streams where clutter and rough beds increase incoherent volume scattering. The lack of information for the ice geometry impedes our process understanding, e.g., basal sliding (requires knowledge about the basal roughness) and the routing of subglacial water flow (requires knowledge on basal smoothness). The lack of observations to constrain variations in ice thickness on the sub-kilometre scale is thus still a bottleneck to confidently predict ice dynamics and expected rates of sea-level rise.

A recent development in radioglaciology, namely the application of phase-coherent polarimetric radar, provides an excellent opportunity to overcome these limitations. Radar polarimetry has made significant strides in the last few years to constrain internal ice structure and their impact on the deformation of ice sheets, including the reconstruction of ice micro-structure parameters previously obtained from ice cores. Here, we suggest that the ice-bed interface can be identified in characteristic patterns of the polarimetric coherence phase. This new metric provides information in areas where the backscattered power amplitude does not show any signatures of the ice-bed interface. We provide examples for this across a wide range of glaciological settings, including cold (Colle Gnifetti, Switzerland) and temperate (Hintereisferner, Austria) alpine glaciers, thin grounding zones (Ekström Ice Shelf, East Antarctica) and thick ice domes (Dome C, East Antarctica). If this holds, then the ice thickness mapping in challenging glaciological settings should preferably be done using a quad-polarimetric acquisition geometry. For ground-based surveys, this can be done using an autonomous ice rover, for which we provide a proof-of-concept study on the Ekström Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
Reducing cargo ship emissions through energy demand optimized routing
Authors: Pontius Martin , Zaabalawi Sufian , Jürrens Eike Hinderk , Gräler Benedikt
Published: March 2022

A fleet of more than 50.000 cargo ships worldwide has an enormous demand for energy resulting in considerable emissions. According to the 4th International Maritime Organization (IMO) global greenhouse gas (GHG) study, maritime transport emitted around 1,056 million tonnes of CO2 in 2018 and was responsible for about 2.9% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. While the emissions per tonne and nautical mile have been reduced by almost 30% in the last decade, the overall emissions of cargo ships increased by more than 10% (up to 30% in some models) due to the growing demand. In order to tackle this increase, the MariData project conducts research on how an improved hydrodynamical modeling and the use of detailed predictions and data of sea state and environmental conditions can reduce the energy demand and hence emissions of cargo ships. 

In this set-up, a cloud-based geo data platform takes on a central role, which combines different data sets from CMEMS, GFS, recorded ship trajectories and further data sources. The geo platform acts as a data broker and provider as well as a machine learning environment for data mining and route predictions. One of its use cases is a data driven machine learning approach where freely available records of AIS data are combined with sea state and weather information and serve as a training set for a random forest regression. This model is capable of predicting the expected speed of cargo ships (characterized by width, length and draught) based on the sea state and weather forecasts. Due to the lack of detailed data on fuel consumption or energy demand, we need to exploit a heuristic. Under the assumption of a constant engine load for free sailing areas, the achieved speed depends on the resistance due to environmental conditions. Pixels with a low resistance are then favored for an energy optimized route. The geo platform also collects and provides data that is used by partners of the research project in their own routing application or to enhance and test their hydrodynamical analysis. 

We will present the technical set-up combining the data sources and facilitating the subsequent data mining and data analysis. Preliminary results of models and optimized routes will be presented. Finally, limitations of the approach and the data availability will be discussed.
CH4 and N2O emissions from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in SE Asia
Authors: Jovani-Sancho Antonio Jonay , O'Reilly Patrick , Anshari Gusti , Chong Xin Yi , Crout Neil , Evans Christopher D. , Evers Stephanie , Gan Jing Ye , Gibbins Christopher N. , Jamaludin Jamaludin , Jaya Adi , Page Susan , Redin Yosep , Upton Caroline , Wilson Paul , Sjögertsten Sofie
Published: March 2022

Few studies have measured GHG emissions from smallholder agricultural systems in tropical peatlands, or non-CO2 emissions from human-influenced tropical peatlands more generally.  The aim of this study was to quantify CH4 and N2O fluxes from agricultural landscapes on tropical peatlands in SE Asia and assess their environmental controls. The study was carried out in four peatland areas in Malaysia and Indonesia. At each site CH4 and N2O fluxes and environmental parameters was measured in four land use types, short rotation agricultural crops, oil palm plantation, tree plantation, and adjacent secondary/degraded forest.  annual CH4 emissions were 1.8 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.8, 2.3 ± 0.4, 6.1 ± 1.2 and 105.6 ± 18.1 kg CH4 ha-1 year-1 at the degraded forest, tree plantation, oil palm, cropland and intact forest land use classes, respectively, while annual N2O emissions were 0.6 ± 0.3, 3.3 ± 0.9, 12.5 ± 3.0, 18.0 ± 7.3 and 32.7 ± 5.8 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 at the intact forest, tree plantation, degraded forest, oil palm and cropland land use classes, respectively. CH4 emissions were strongly determined by WTD following an exponential relationship with production of CH4 starting when annual WTD was above –25 cm. By contrast, N2O emissions were strongly correlated with TDN, following a log-normal relationship. The optimum TDN concentration for N2O production was 10 mg N L-1 and beyond this threshold, the availability of mineral N was no longer limiting the N2O production, with other environmental variables such as WTD, soil water content, and temperature becoming more important. The new emission factors for CH4 and N2O presented here should be included in country level GHG inventories to improve their accuracy. The strong impact of substrate supply on N2O emissions shows that fertilisation practices strongly impact net emissions suggesting that policies that result in reduced fertilisation rates can directly cut emissions.
Downhole gamma ray data to reconstruct an age-depth model of the terrestrial record at Lake Chalco, Central Mexico
Authors: Sardar Abadi Mehrdad , Zeeden Christian , Ulfers Arne , Wonik Thomas
Published: March 2022

Understanding the evolution of lower latitude climate from the most recent glacial periods of the latest Pleistocene to post glacial warmth in the continental tropical regions has been obstructed by a lack of long and continuous time series. Here we examine sediments from Lake Chalco, located in the Valley of Mexico, central Mexico (19°30’N, 99°W). The basin represents a hydrological closed system surrounded by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt aging from the Oligocene to the present. We use borehole logging to conduct a cyclostratigraphic analysis of the Lake Chalco sediments, and incorporate other available dating information. More than 400 m of sediments are logged for several geophysical properties including magnetic susceptibility and spectral gamma radiation.

Gamma radiation can be used to identify elemental isotopes in the geological record, which is used for stratigraphic correlation and paleoclimatic investigations. Among the lake deposit of Chalco sub-basin, 388 total tephra layers (≥1 mm in thickness) were reported from the core description. Tephra layers with specific gamma ray signatures, presenting a challenge for extracting the primary signals caused by environmental and climatic agents. Here, we apply a tailored protocol to identify tephra layers embedded in other sediments using high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy. This facilitates dividing the overall sediment column into representative horizons of tephra and non-tephra.

After extracting the non-volcanic primary signal, we apply a suite of evolutive cyclostratigraphic methods to the Lake Chalco logging data, with a focus on gamma ray data. The high-resolution results suggest that the Lake Chalco sediments contain several rhythmic alterations with a quasi-cyclic pattern comparable with the Pleistocene benthic stack. This allow us to calculate a ~500-kyr time span for the sediment deposition in Lake Chalco. By using cyclostratigraphic analysis on data captured by geophysical downhole logging, we demonstrate the potentially broad applicability of this method for downhole logging data and provide further insight into the sedimentation history of Lake Chalco.

 

 
Alpine grassland hydrologic response to climate change from plot to catchment scale
Authors: Vremec Matevz , Forstner Veronika , Herndl Markus , Guillaumot Luca , Burek Peter , Birk Steffen
Published: March 2022

Warming and elevated CO2 concentrations are expected to alter catchment hydrology through changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration. In particular, warming is expected to enhance evapotranspiration, whereas elevated CO2 tends to decrease root-water uptake, thus reducing evapotranspiration. Plot-scale Lysimeter Temperature Free Air Carbon Enrichment (Lysi-T-FACE) systems provide in-depth information on the response of soil water fluxes to future climate conditions, particularly evapotranspiration and seepage. Hydrological models of different complexity can be used to extend the findings from the plot scale to the catchment level, allowing the assessment of the discharge response to climate change.

We run a climate change experiment by using lysimeters to study the effect of elevated CO2 and warming on alpine grassland soil water fluxes. The experiment includes six lysimeters, with a reference lysimeter operating under ambient conditions, two lysimeters are treated with elevated CO2 concentration of +300 ppm, two lysimeters are operating under constant warming of +3 K, and one operating under a combination of warming and elevated CO2. Soil water fluxes within each lysimeter were modelled with the process-based hydrological model Hydrus-1D. We observed differences in seepage between the six lysimeters at both the event-based and annual time scale. For some individual events, such as the heavy rainfall event following a dry period in summer 2018, more remarkable differences between the experiments were observed.

To upscale the effects of the lysimeter-based approach to catchment scale, a conceptual lumped-parameter model (GR4J-Cemaneige) was used to model the discharge of a nearby alpine grassland catchment. The GR4J model reproduced discharge well when using lysimeter ET at ambient conditions (NSE>0.75). Evapotranspiration (ET) as input was modified based on the lysimeter ET fluxes representing possible future climate conditions. The effects of different ET inputs on simulated catchment discharge were similar to those on seepage at the plot level on an annual basis. However, no significant effects of different ET input on discharge were observed at individual events, such as the one in 2018. A comparison between a process-based hydrological model and the conceptual lumped-parameter model is planned to further investigate the effect of the hydrological response to climate change at the catchment scale.
The effect of experimental warming on the resistance of salt-marsh vegetation to hydrodynamic forcing
Authors: Reents Svenja , Jensen Kai , Rich Roy , Thomsen Simon , Nolte Stefanie
Published: March 2022

Facing the consequences of climate change like sea level rise and an intensified storminess, salt marshes will play an increasingly important role in future coastal protection. The vegetation of salt marshes contributes significantly to the protection function as the plants reduce erosion and act as obstruction to hydrodynamic forces resulting in wave attenutation. Yet, how other global change factors such as higher temperatures will affect salt marshes and their potential to protect our coasts against high wave intensities, e.g. during storm surges, is largely unknown.

In a world-unique whole ecosystem warming experiment (MERIT) we increased air and soil temperature in a salt marsh at the German North Sea coast. Here, we aimed to examine effects of warming on plant characteristics critical for withstanding hydrodynamic forces. Besides quantifying biomechanical and biochemical properties, that are known to affect plant rigidity, we additionally measured spectral reflectance to assess the NDVI of the canopy. This was done to quantify the expected shifts in the growing season due to warming (i.e. earlier green-up in spring and/or delayed senescence in autumn) that would possibly coincide with the storm surge season in NW European salt marshes. Results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of future marsh resilience and wave attenuation capacity in a warmer world.
The  impact of resolution on the air-sea interaction in  the Agulhas current region
Authors: Busatto Jacopo , Yang Chunxue , Bellucci Alessio , Adduce Claudia
Published: March 2022

Sea surface temperature (SST) has been thought to be linked with air-sea surface heat fluxes (SHF). General knowledge is that the high frequency variating atmosphere properties modify oceanic quantities due to their slower response. However, recent studies show how in regions where SST gradients and heat losses are stronger – in the Western Boundary Currents region (WBC) – variabilities in SST and SHF are due to internal ocean processes and water dynamic effects. Theoretical models suggest that the correlation between SST and SHF and between SST tendency (namely the time derivative) and THF can be used to retrieve the sources of variations of these two quantities distinguishing to influences due to ocean or atmosphere dynamics (ocean or atmosphere driven regimes). In this study, We use observational data and numerical model outputs with different resolutions to distinguish different regimes of variability and to investigate spatial resolution effects over the Agulhas Current region and the Eastern South Atlantic. In these regions waters flowing southward from the Indian Ocean along the eastern coasts of Africa interact with bathymetry and cold waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the SubTropical Front and generate turbulence and eddies that propagates into the South Atlantic carrying warm and salty waters (Agulhas Leakage). Hence this methodology is particularly effective due to the mesoscale length scale of the physical phenomena that occur here. Observations are retrieved from OAFlux dataset and J-OFURO3. Model data come from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The increase of ocean resolution leads to a better representation of the cross-covariance patterns and cross-correlation forms, indicating an improvement of the eddy-permitting from the eddy-parametrized models’ capability. Covariance maps have been calculated to highlight qualitative patterns for the lead-lag symmetry. We concluded that, while high resolution model data have similar covariance patterns and correlation values to the observations, their low-resolution counterpart, in two cases, fails to reconstruct the signal caused by the ocean dynamics. The stronger impact on the capability of reproduce this interaction phenomenon belongs to the ocean part of the coupled model: the higher, the better is the symmetric properties of the correlation functions (symmetry index) and the greater the transition scale is, implying the needs of a wider filtering window to cancel out the ocean driven regime signal.
Quantifying the contribution of grassland and paludiculture to carbon fluxes from a single eddy covariance tower in a Dutch peatland
Authors: Buzacott Alexander , Mulder Hidde , van den Berg Merit , Kruijt Bart , van der Velde Ype
Published: March 2022

Peatlands across the Netherlands have been drained or disturbed for several hundred years. The resulting oxidation of peat releases large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere which turns peatlands into a carbon source rather than a sink. Rewetting peatlands reduces, or stops, carbon losses by inhibiting peat mineralisation, and can even lead to carbon sequestration. The rewetting of natural peatlands frequently causes helophytisation, where tall helophytes, such as Typha latifolia, establish themselves. There is interest in paludiculture (i.e., growing crops such as Typha on submerged or extremely wet soils) as a way to reverse peatland degradation and sequester carbon, while possibly retaining some agricultural value. Uncertainties remain about the impact of rewetting and helophytisation of peatlands and how well the strategy will help the Netherlands achieve its commitments to reduce carbon emissions. 

In this presentation, we compare the carbon budgets of a rewetted peatland covered with Typha latifolia to the surrounding grassland (Lolium perenne). The Typha field has an area of 3600 m2 and is managed to optimise yield by having a water table above the surface, applications of fertiliser, and is harvested once per year. CO2 and CH4 fluxes were estimated using data collected by the eddy covariance (EC) method for close to two years at the experimental field site Zegveld in the west of the Netherlands. The EC tower is located at the interface of the contrasting land uses, such that the source of the flux is dependent on the wind direction. For each timestep, we estimate the relative contribution of the different land uses by using the flux footprint. Gap-filled carbon fluxes were obtained using flux-contribution mixing models and subsequently the carbon budgets for each land use were estimated. The results indicate an increased CO2uptake, but larger CH4 emissions, over the Typha plot compared to the grassland. This CH4 flux significantly reduces the gain achieved by reducing oxidation through soil wetting.
Automated discharge measurements with salt dilution in Alpine creeks and uncertainty quantification
Authors: Hofmeister Florentin , Rubens Venegas Brenda , Sentlinger Gabe , Disse Markus , Chiogna Gabriele
Published: March 2022

The extent to which climate change affects the frequency and magnitude of flood events in mountain catchments is still unclear due to strong regional differences and a limitation in streamflow observations in space and time. However, recent flood events in Western and Southern Alps from August 2021 highlight the need for new monitoring strategies of peak flood events to better compute return periods of flood events. In particular, measuring peak events in small Alpine catchments can be enhanced by using automated tracer measurement systems. We present results from a hydrometric program using an automated salt dilution system at three different sites in the Tyrolean and South Tyrolean Alps from 2020 and 2021. The AutoSalt system triggers salt slug injections in response to water level changes in the creek while two downstream electrical conductivity probes record the passage of the breakthrough curve with high temporal resolution (5 sec). We collected in total 288 discharge measurements ranging from 0.1 m³/s to 15 m³/s. Besides the requirement of complete mixing of the tracer, the main challenge in automated salt dilution is the monitoring and control of the system components to ensure a high reliability and quality of observation data. The internal quality check of the AutoSalt system allowed us to record mainly discharge measurements (81 %) with a very low measurement error < 7% while 19 % of the discharge measurements had an error range of 7 % to 15 %. Based on the collected discharge measurements and their uncertainties, we constructed robust rating curves with error bars for each site. In a next step, we will use the collected observation data to validate hydrological model results for these three different Alpine catchments to strengthen the robustness of the model for long-term climate change modeling.
Technologies of Ascription: How Does a Dementia Diagnosis Acquire its Symbolic Power of Exclusion in Later Life?
Authors: Libert Sébastien , Higgs Paul
Published: March 2022

Amidst the widespread stigma and exclusion attached to dementia in dominant narratives of successful ageing, this article addresses a gap in the scientific literature concerning our understanding of the medicalization of cognitive decline as a natural phenomenon. To this end, it explores how a dementia diagnosis acquires its symbolic power of exclusion in later life through an ethnography of cognitive rehabilitation therapy in two memory clinics in a southern European nation. It argues that this symbolic power of exclusion is locally produced through the meaning making practices of therapists and researchers administering regular cognitive training therapy and exercises to support autonomy. It shows how the different steps involved in rehabilitation play a role in dividing later life by defining and reifying a category of abnormal ageing during the cognitive assessment, and by applying a confrontational approach exposing decline. It shows how this approach generates the position of older adults who can be rehabilitated against those who cannot; the latter representing a “failed” ageing in the narrative of successful ageing. This article proposes the adoption of the concept of “technologies of ascription” to characterize this process of exclusion through reification and confrontation of “abnormal cognitive decline.” The paper argues that such practices are central to the local production of the symbolic power attached to a dementia diagnosis as well as its capacity to fragment later life. Finally, it argues for the utility of this concept in offering new opportunities for anthropology to characterize exclusion in later life through medicalization.
Evaluación de cribado de la calidad de vida en cuidadores primarios informales de pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Rivera Fong Liliana , Fernández Karla , Acosta Maldonado Brenda , Aguilar Ponce José Luis , Vázquez Romo Rafael , Gálvez Hernández Lizette
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: determinar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento de CV (CQoLC) y evaluar la calidad de vida (CV) de los cuidadores primarios (CPI) de pacientes con cáncer. Material y método: estudio tres fases: (1) evaluación de CV en CPI con un instrumento validado para población general y de pacientes que requieren atención médica (InCaViSa); (2) adaptación y piloteo del CQoLC y; (3) evaluación de confiabilidad, validez y normas del CQoLC. Se incluyeron 317 CPI de pacientes con diferentes diagnósticos oncológicos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de la CV reportada por los CPI. Para piloteo del instrumento se estimó el porcentaje de CPI que tuvieron dificultades para comprender algún reactivo. En la fase de validación se realizó un análisis factorial por ejes principales y la estructura propuesta se sometió a un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). La confiabilidad se obtuvo a través del Alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente Omega de McDonald’s. Finalmente, se estimaron los parámetros para calificación del CQoLC. Resultados: los CPI obtuvieron puntajes de “baja” a “muy baja” CV en la mayoría de las subescalas del InCaViSa. El CQoLC no mostró dificultades para su comprensión y se obtuvo una versión de nueve reactivos, distribuidos en cuatro indicadores, que explican el 45,62% de la varianza con adecuado ajuste en el AFC y adecuados índices de confiabilidad (Alfas de Cronbach de 0,496 a 0,866 y coeficiente Omega de McDonald’s = 0,868). Conclusiones: la CV de los CPI de pacientes con cáncer se encuentra afectada importantemente. El CQoLC es un instrumento especializado, que demostró ser adecuado como herramienta de cribado en las mediciones de auto-reporte.
American Abolitionism: Its Direct Political Impact from Colonial Times into Reconstruction
Authors: Harrold Stanley
Published: March 2022

This book is the only systematic examination of the political impacts of the American movement to end slavery and gain equal rights for African Americans from colonial times to the Civil War and after. It focuses on abolitionists’ political tactics—petitioning, lobbying, establishing bonds with sympathetic politicians—but also on their disruptions of slavery itself. The book begins with an investigation of the abolition movement’s relationship to politics and government in the northern American colonies. It goes on to assess the movement’s impacts on the U.S. Congress during the 1790s, on the Missouri Controversy, on the struggle over slavery in Illinois during the 1820s, and abolitionist petitioning of Congress during that same decade. The rise of immediate abolitionism, with its emphasis on moral suasion, did not lessen the impact of other forms of abolitionism on Congress during the 1830s and 1840s. Abolitionists’ direct actions against slavery—aiding escaped or kidnapped slaves—led southern politicians to demand the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which became a major flashpoint of antebellum politics. Finally, the book investigates the relationship between abolitionists and the Republican Party up through the Civil War and Reconstruction.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) DENGAN APLIKASI KOMBINASI PUPUK DAN JARAK TANAM
Authors: Qibtiyah Mariyatul , Mahmudi Charir Hasan , Istiqomah Istiqomah
Published: March 2022

Peanut production in Indonesia is not optimal due to inadequate cultivation techniques, this has an impact on increasing domestic demand but is not fulfilled, so it must be international trade. To overcome this, it can be done by applying a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, as well as fostering spacing for growth growth and yield of peanut plants. This research was conducted in Tegal Rejo village, Mbrao hamlet, Widang sub-district, Tuban regency, East Java. The research was conducted in February-April 2021. This research_used factorial randomized_block design with 2_treatment factors and 3 replications, the first factor was a combination of compound fertilizers and the second was spacing. Observations were carried out from the age of 14 days after planting and then continued once in 7 days.
Kajian Macam Pupuk NPK dan Mulsa Plastik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Anam Choirul , Hanafi Imam , Kusumawati Dian Eka
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh macam pupuk NPK dan mulsa plastik terhadap pertumbuhan dan peroduksi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Pelaksanaan penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Kedungadam Kabupaten Bojonegoro mulai bulan Maret sampai Mei 2021, pada tanah sawah pada ketinggian  42 meter dari permukaan laut. Varietas bawang merah yang digunakan adalah Nanjung, jarak tanam 13  13 cm dengan pemupukan sebanyak 500 kg pupuk NPK, 100 kg pupuk SP36, 120 kg pupuk Urea dan 60 kg pupuk KCL per hektar dan penggunaan mulsa plastik sesuai dengan perlakuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan pola Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor yang faktor pertama : macam pupuk NPK (P), yang terdiri dari tiga macam, yaitu P1 : Kontrol, P2 : 500 kg/h pupuk NPK merek (T) dan P3 : 500 kg/h pupuk NPK merek (D); sedangkan faktor kedua : Mulsa plastik (U), yang yerdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu U1 : Kontrol, U2 : Mulsa Perak dan U3 : Mulsa Hitam Perak.Hasil penelitian menunjukan interaksi terhadap Jumlah Anaan,Jumlah Daun, Tinggi Tanaman, Berat Basah, Berat Kering, Berat Umbi Sempel, Berat Umbi Perpetak dan Berat 100 Umbi. Bahwa perlakuan yang dominan pada tanaman bawang merah adalah 500 kg/h pupuk NPK merek (T) dan penggunaan perlakuan mulsa plastik perlakuan kontrol yang lebih dominan.
PEMBAYARAN UPAH BURUH PERUSAHAAN YANG PAILIT AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Afiyah Siti
Published: March 2022

As a result of the Covid_19 Pandemic which resulted in the very decline of the community's economy from the top to the bottom. Workers are one of the parties when a company goes bankrupt, but often in the bankruptcy process the constitutional rights of workers are ignored. Indonesia is a state of law (rechtstaat), not based on power (machtstaat)", meaning that everything done by the State and by all its elements can be legally held accountable. Wage is an income as a reward from the entrepreneur to the worker for a job or service that has been or will be performed, declared or valued in the form of money determined according to an agreement or statutory regulation, and paid on the basis of a work agreement between the entrepreneur and the worker. , including allowances for both the workers themselves and their families. Based on the article of the 1945 Constitution, it is stated that wages must meet a decent living for humanity. Thus, the fulfillment of a decent wage for livelihood and humanity is a wage concept that is constitutionally applicable in Indonesia.
PEMBERDAYAAN KAUM DHUAFA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI-NILAI HUMANIS DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Muhtarom Herdin , Kariyani Rina , Ayu Ningsih Mayda , M.A. Amirullah
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the Indonesian economy to slow down to a decline. As a result of this, the household sector economy also stagnated and even a sharp decline in household income due to many layoffs. In overcoming these problems, of course, there are social activities carried out especially to help the affected communities. The method used is through observational studies. The purpose of this study was to find out social activities to empower the poor in increasing humanist values ​​in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The results in this study show that one of the programs carried out by UHAMKA students, to form humanist values, UHAMKA students hold empowerment activities for the poor.

Keyword: Pandemic, Humanist, Empowerment

 

Abstrak: Pandemic COVID-19 mengakibatkan perekonomian Indonesia melambat hingga mengalami penurunan. Akibat dari hal itu adalah ekonomi sektor rumah tangga pun mengalami stagnasi dan bahkan penurunan tajam dalam pendapatan rumah tangga karena banyak terjadinya pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK). Dalam mengatasi problematika tersebut tentuya adanya kegiatan sosial yang dilakukan terutama untuk membnatu masyarakat yang terkena dampaknya. Metode yang digunakan melalui studi observasi. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kegiatan sosial pemberdayaan kaum dhuafa dalam meningkatkan nilai-nilai humanis di era pandemi Covid-19. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan Salah satunya program yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa UHAMKA, untuk membentuk nilai-nilai humanis, mahasiswa UHAMKA mengadakan kegiatan pemberdayaan terhadap kaum dhuafa.

Kata Kunci: Pandemi, Humanis, Pemberdayaan
ANALISIS DEIKSIS PERSONA DALAM NOVEL “WIGATI: LINTANG MANIK WORO” KARYA KHILMA ANIS
Authors: Ristanto Hendra , Sukowati Ida
Published: March 2022

Novel “Wigati: Lintang Manik Woro” ini merupakan sebuah novel yang menceritakan tentang pesantren, keris, dan dunia batin perempuan Jawa. Novel “Wigati: Lintang Manik Woro” karya Khilma Anis dipilih karena ceritanya menarik dan terdapat banyak penggunaan deiksis persona yang dapat  diteliti, baik bentuk dan fungsinya. Tujuan penelitian ini, yakni mendeskripsikan bentuk dan fungsi deiksis dalam Novel tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber datanya berupa novel yang berjudul “Wigati: Lintang Manik Woro” karya Khilma Anis dan datanya berupa deiksis persona yang terdapat dalam  novel tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu 1) Membaca novel secara berulang-ulang untuk mengidentifikasi deiksis persona dalam novel; 2) Mencatat semua deiksis persona yang ada pada novel; 3) Memberi tanda bagian kata dalam novel yang berhubungan dengan bentuk deiksis persona dan fungsinya. Teknik Analisis data dalam penelitian ini, yakni 1) reduksi data, 2) diplay data, dan 3) simpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan banyak data. Semua bentuk deiksis digunakan oleh Khilma Anis, kecuali deiksis persona kedua jamak. Sedangkan fungsi yang digunakan Khilma Anis adalah fungsi subjek, objek, kepemilikan, dan penunjukan.
Analisis Penggunaan Metode Penelitian Evaluasi Pada Penelitian Bahasa Arab Model Pengembangan
Authors: Faizin Khoirul
Published: March 2022

Penelitian Development research is one of the studies that focuses on new products as its output. In addition to the need for creative ideas in this research also need to use several methods in the development process. One method that is needed in this research model is the evaluation research method. Evaluation method is a type of method used to find the strengths and weaknesses of a system or product which is then translated into needs analysis. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, because the aim is to describe and describe what it is about a particular variable, phenomenon, state or social phenomenon. Data collected according to the focus of research in the form of words, actions, situations, documentation and events observed. In this analysis it was found that from the many exposures of experts about development research there was one similarity in the patterns that researchers found. The similarity is related to the process or procedure of the research stage carried out. Some of the stages of the research are a) Research and Data Collection, b.) Requirement Analysis, c.) Product Development, d.) Field trials, e.) Revision or Refinement of Final Products f.) Multiplication and use of mass products.
Hubungan antara Filsafat dengan Pendidikan
Authors: Mar’atus Sholikhah
Published: March 2022

Filsafat merupakan salah satu ilmu dari berbagai ilmu agama Islam. Filsafat adalah studi tentang seluruh fenomena kehidupan dan pemikiran manusia secara kritis dan dijabarkan dalam konsep mendasar. Filsafat tidak didalami dengan melakukan eksperimen-eksperimen dan percobaan-percobaan, tetapi dengan mengutarakan masalah secara persis, mencari solusi untuk itu, memberikan argumentasi dan alasan yang tepat untuk solusi tertentu. Ada beberapa cabang dalam filsafat, salah satunya adalah filsafat pendidikan, hubungan antara keduanya tidak bisa dipisahkan.

Filsafat pendidikan merupakan ilmu filsafat yang mempelajari hakikat pelaksanaan dan pendidikan. Bahan yang dipelajari meliputi tujuan, latar belakang, cara, hasil, dan hakikat pendidikan. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan menganalisis secara kritis struktur dan manfaat pendidikan. Salah satu yang dikritisi secara konkret adalah relasi antara pendidik dan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Filsafat pendidikan memandang kegiatan pendidikan sebagai objek yang dikaji, baik secara Ontologis, Epistemologis, maupun Aksiologis.
Analisis Kesalahan Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia pada Teks Pidato Siswa MTs.Ma’arif 16 Nurul Hidayah Banyubang Solokuro Lamongan
Authors: Busyro Busyro
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this study was to explain the error to the wrong use of sentences in the writing of speech tech students MTs Ma'arif 16 Nurul Hidayah Banyubang Solokuro Lamongan. Describes several aspects of frequent errors, and the factors that cause errors. This research was designed using a descriptive qualitative research method. This research sample is a text written by students as a speech material extra-curricular at MTs. Ma'rif 16 Nurul Hidayah Solokuro Lamongan. Sampling techniques used in this research are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study can be concluded that: the first one that experienced a frequent language error in the text of the speech of student of MTs.Ma'arif 16 Nurul Hidayah Banyubang Solokuro Lamongan is a linguistic element that occurred in four categories of errors, namely: spelling errors; word formation, syntactic aspects, and semantic aspects. Second, the use of punctuation.
Peran Orang Tua dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Dengan Sistem Daring pada Masa Pandemi di Desa Depokrejo, Kebumen
Authors: Hayati Arifia Sabila
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the results of observations and research as one of the Depokrejo village communities. This is to find out how the role of parents in developing learning abilities for early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. The subjects of this study were parents and their children. In this study, researchers used data collection methods in the form of interviews. The results of research on the role of parents teaching children in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, show that there are parents who pay less attention to children's learning activities at home and are busy with their respective jobs, but there are also parents who want to direct their children to study at home and mutually communicate and guide children to learn together.

The conclusion of this study is that the role of parents who have high enthusiasm for learning motivation and developing children's learning abilities will have a good impact on children, especially in the current Covid-19 pandemic, children really need the role of parents to foster interest in learning. them through learning that will be taught at home.
Penerapan Metode Modeling The Way dalam Proses Pengajaran
Authors: . Rumina
Published: March 2022

The correct delivery of material is when students understand what we have to say and do the questions well, along with practicing it in everyday life. Departing from the teaching process for a teacher who is required to deliver material in accordance with the curriculum, so that teachers are required to use various methods or methods in teaching so that the delivery of material can run well. The application of the modeling the way method in MA PSM loceret Nganjuk, motivated by the understanding of students in the learning process and the teacher must be able to apply methods or strategies that are in accordance with the learning material and the use of appropriate methods.

This type of research is descriptive, and MA PSM Loceret Nganjuk is used as a data source to get a portrait of the application of the modeling method applied by religion teachers focused on the subject of fiqh. The data were obtained by means of interviews and observations. The method of analysis used consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification.

From the results of the research conducted, the authors conclude that: Learning with the modeling the way method has worked quite well and students' attention can be focused on the child demonstrating the material, as well as providing practical experience that can form a strong memory. In addition, the supporting factors in The application of the modeling the way method at MA PSM Sugiwaras Nganjuk includes: teachers, students or students, learning methods, facilities and infrastructure, parents or guardians of students and the surrounding environment.