bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENILAIAN INDEKS KERENTANAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGURANGAN RISIKO LONGSOR DI KECAMATAN BANJARMANGU KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA JAWA TENGAH (Vulnerability index assessment as landslide risk reduction in Banjarmangu District Banjarnegara Central Java)
Authors:   Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pengelolaan DAS, W. Hastanti Baharinawati , Miardini Arina
Published: November 2021

Penilaian indeks kerentanan longsor sangat diperlukan dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana. Kerentanan bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Banjarmangu dihitung berdasarkan hasil perhitungan indeks kerentanan pada Peraturan Kepala BNPB Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Bencana. Penilaian kerentanan bencana tanah longsor menggunakan variabel kerentanan sosial, kerentanan ekonomi, kerentanan fisik, dan kerentanan lingkungan. Nilai indeks kerentanan dinyatakan dalam skala numerik dari 0 sampai 1 bergantung pada intensitas longsor yang terjadi. Hasil penilaian indeks kerentanan longsor berkisar antara 0,37-0,91 dengan rincian 12,78% dari total luas wilayah tergolong sangat tinggi (Desa Kesenet dan Kalilunjar), 57,86% tinggi (Jenggawur, Beji, Sijenggung, Sipedang, Banjarmangu, Rejasari, Sigeblog, Paseh dan Kendaga), 15,32% Sedang (Pekandangan, Banjarkulon dan Sijeruk), 14,02% Rendah (Majatengah, Gipit, dan Prendengan). Implikasi hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai dasar pertimbangan kebijakan untuk mitigasi bencana longsor untuk meminimalkan risiko dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Salah satu fungsi indeks kerentanan bencana adalah menjadi peringatan (warning) dan bahan pertimbangan dalam pengambilan kebijakan dan tindakan penanganan bencana. Setiap daerah mempunyai indeks kerentanan yang berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya. Masyarakat dengan kerentanan bencana yang tinggi dengan masyarakat kerentanan yang rendah diharapkan diperlakukan secara berbeda dalam penanganan tergantung pada tingkatan resikonya terhadap bencana tersebut. Oleh sebab itu masyarakat yang tinggal pada daerah dengan nilai kerentanan yang tinggi maka perlu meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan yang lebih tinggi terhadap terjadinya bencana longsor.
Voting rights of Zimbabweans in the diaspora
Authors: Vambe Maurice Taonezvi
Published: November 2021

The Constitution of Zimbabwe states that citizens who have reached the age of 18 years may vote in local and national elections. However, the Electoral Act states that only Zimbabwean citizens who are on diplomatic missions, civil servants and members of the armed forces on external missions may vote from abroad. This legal requirement effectively disenfranchises millions of Zimbabwean citizens who live and work in other countries. Why the current Zimbabwean authorities do not allow or enable their citizens to vote from abroad in Zimbabwe’s national elections is contentious, especially ahead of the 2023 general elections. This article uses the desktop approach to argue that the right to vote in one’s country of origin by citizens working and living abroad is a barometer of a nation’s deepening democratic practices, of which elections are a lynchpin. This study hopes to contribute to international human rights law. A study of voting from abroad contributes to discussions regarding the evolving and multifaceted relationship between sending states and their diaspora communities.
Flood Early Warning Systems using Machine Learning Techniques. Case the Tomebamba Catchment at the Southern Andes of Ecuador
Authors: Muñoz Paul , Orellana-Alvear Johanna , Bendix Jörg , Feyen Jan , Célleri Rolando
Published: November 2021

Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWSs) using Machine Learning (ML) has gained worldwide popularity. However, determining the most efficient ML technique is still a bottleneck. We assessed FEWSs with three river states, No-alert, Pre-alert, and Alert for flooding, for lead times between 1 to 12 hours using the most common ML techniques, such as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF). The Tomebamba catchment in the tropical Andes of Ecuador was selected as case study. For all lead times, MLP models achieve the highest performance followed by LR, with f1-macro (log-loss) scores of 0.82 (0.09) and 0.46 (0.20) for the 1- and 12-hour cases, respectively. The ranking was highly variable for the remaining ML techniques. According to the g-mean, LR models correctly forecast and show more stability at all states, while the MLP models perform better in the Pre-alert and Alert states. Future efforts are recommended to enhance the input data representation and develop communication applications to boost the awareness of the society for floods.
Positive Adult Education Learned Helplessness and the Pygmalion Effect
Authors: Cobos-Sanchiz David , Perea-Rodriguez Manuel-Jesús , Morón-Marchena Juan-Agustín , Muñoz-Díaz María-Carmen
Published: November 2021

Positive education is seen as a transformative methodological approach capable of improving the act of teaching and learning and, above all, essential for the development of students' personal skills and competences. However, few studies have been carried out on this subject in the field of lifelong and adult education. This study works with a sample of 399 people over 16 years of age and students of the Universidad Popular de Dos Hermanas in order to show the relationship between the Pygmalion effect and learned helplessness in the process of acquiring knowledge in adulthood. In this way, three tools were used: a questionnaire that showed teachers' perceptions of students' qualities and behaviour and two that provided information on self-concept, self-esteem, personal and social skills and other variables directly related to emotional intelligence and positive education. It shows how exposure to negative operational conditioning factors influences the psychosocial and socio-educational development of students in every possible way, while on the other hand, it indicates the importance of positive education to compensate for this phenomenology by improving the development and growth of those who study and participate in non-formal education. Likewise, the factorial interrelation of both positive and negative conditioning factors and their incidence on learning is shown; the importance of neutralising the negative components and strengthening the positive reinforcement and the role played by the community and education professionals as catalysts and behavioural modulators at any stage of learning and age group for the achievement of the objectives of the student and of education itself in a broad sense
A regularized phase field model for «solid–fluid» system accounting for chemical reactions.
Authors: Balashov Vladislav Aleksandrovich , Savenkov Evgeny Borisovich
Published: November 2021

We present regularized phase flield model for description of threephase «fluid–fluid–solid» system, where solid body obeys elastic rheology. It is assumed that one of the liquid phases chemically interacts with the solid one. As the corresponding equations of chemical kinetics, simple model equations describing a bimolecular reaction are considered. A feature of the model under consideration is its preliminary regularization according to quasi-hydrodynamic technique. A fully explicit finite difference approximation of this model is presented. Results of a simulation in two-dimensional setting are presented.
Femoral Neck Stress Fractures in Athletes and the Military
Authors: Shaw K. Aaron , Moreland Colleen M. , Hunt Tyler J. , Barkley Colleen , O’Brien Frederick , Jackson Keith L.
Published: November 2021

➤ Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are an infrequent condition in athletic and military populations.

➤ A high index of suspicion with liberal use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is vital for early recognition and treatment initiation.

➤ An associated hip effusion on MRI is a risk factor for an evolving stress injury and requires close assessment and consideration for repeat MRI.

➤ Stress reactions and stable, incomplete FNSFs (<50% of femoral neck width) can be treated nonsurgically.

➤ Surgical intervention is accepted for high-risk, incomplete (≥50% of femoral neck width), and complete FNSFs.

➤ Overall, there is a paucity of high-quality literature on the rates of return to activity following FNSF.
Сезонная динамика активности антиоксидантных ферментов крови массовых видов рыб из прибрежной акватории г. Севастополя (Черное море)
Authors: Скуратовская Е. Н.
Published: November 2021

Изучена сезонная динамика активности антиоксидантных ферментов (каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы, пероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы, глутатион-S-трансферазы) в эритроцитах крови морского ерша Scorpaena porcus, спикары Spicara flexuosa, ставриды Trachurus mediterraneus из прибрежной акватории . Севастополя. Установлено, что активность антиоксидантных ферментов изменяется в течение года, что связанно как с существованием сезонных физиологических ритмов у рыб, особенностями их биологии и экологии, так и с различным уровнем антропогенной нагрузки в каждый период года. При оценке состояния рыб и среды их обитания с использованием изученных параметров в качестве биомаркеров необходимо учитывать пределы их естественной вариабельности, что позволит правильно интерпретировать результаты исследований.
Technology Focus: Sand Management (October 2021)
Authors: Abbasy Imran
Published: November 2021

Our industry is under pressure to produce cleaner energy. That is the mantra, more so than a few years ago. A recent report from the International Energy Agency suggested that all greenfield developments in the oil and gas sector should be stopped forthwith if we are to achieve the net-zero target by 2050. That essentially means that we squeeze what we can from the not-so-easy and mature reservoirs, many of which have sand-control problems. Perhaps that is the reason most operators are working ever harder to manage and produce such assets, a trend reflected in the number of papers written. More importantly, a large proportion of papers this year were on sand consolidation and through-tubing exclusion methods, which primarily target mature producing reservoirs.

A few technology trends are becoming apparent. There is a move to gravel pack longer and longer horizontal sections. It is now possible to pack more than 7,000 ft with zonal isolation. Through-tubing sand-control remediation continues to evolve. Sand consolidation is moving toward nanoparticles, with a promise of better regained permeability. Further strides have been made in developing filters to achieve behind-screen compliance for better sand retention.

Industry has been enchanted by what data analytics and machine learning can potentially offer, and perhaps rightly so. Several papers this year apply these tools to sand management. For those interested, I would recommend paper SPE 200949 and OTC 31234 as further reading. Unfortunately, from a sand-control perspective, I do not yet see a compelling narrative. One interesting statistic that I stole from a LinkedIn post is that the rising 3-year trend of papers in OnePetro on this subject has fallen dramatically between 2020 and 2021. I have not independently verified these figures, but it does tell a story. Is the excitement waning?

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 203238 - Sanding Propensity Prediction Technology and Methodology Comparison by Surej Kumar Subbiah, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 201768 - Using Artificial Intelligence for Determining Threshold Sand Rates From Acoustic Monitors by Srinivas Swaroop Kolla, The University of Tulsa, et al.

OTC 30386 - Pioneering Slickline Deployed Through Tubing Gravel Pack in Malaysia: Successful Case Study and Lessons Learned by Ertiawati Mappanyompa, Petronas, et al.
Improved Gelation Performance of an Acidic Low-Polymer Loading Zirconium Cross-Linked CMHPG Fracturing Fluid by Surface Functionalized 1T-Phase Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Kaiyu , Hou Jirui , Li Zhuojing
Published: November 2021

The low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China, such as the Changqing, Jidong, and Daqing peripheral oil fields, often apply CO2 as a flooding medium to enhance oil recovery. A serial of water-rock interactions will be occurred among the CO2, formation rock, and formation water under the HT/HP conditions. The pH value of the formation will be converted to acidity accordingly. As a side effect, the traditional guar-based fracturing fluids in an alkaline range, such as the borate cross-linked hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG), cannot result in an effective hydrofracturing operation due to the incompatibility. Consequently, developing an acidic fracturing fluid system with a satisfactory performance is an imperative.

Acidic fracturing fluids, such as the zirconium cross-linked carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG), can protect the formation during the hydrofracturing process from the damage arising from the swelling and migration of the clay particles. However, the shortcomings of the uncontrollable viscosity growth and the irreversible shear-thinning behavior limit the large-scale use of the acidic fracturing fluids. In this work, a novel organic zirconium cross-linker synthesized in the laboratory was applied to control and delay the cross-link reaction under the acidic condition. The ligands coordinated to the zirconium center were the L-lactate and ethylene glycol. The thickener used was the CMHPG at a low loading of 0.3% (approximately 25 pptg). Meanwhile, the surface functionalized metallic phase (1T-phase) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets were employed to improve the rheological performance of the zirconium cross-linked CMHPG fracturing fluid. The modification reagent utilized was the L-cysteine. The morphology, structure, and property of the fabricated functionalized 1T-MoS2 (Cys-1T-MoS2) nanosheets were systematically characterized using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements. The results of the characterization tests demonstrated a successful functionalization of the 1T-MoS2 nanosheets with L-cysteine. Then, the effects of this new nanosheet-enhanced zirconium cross-linked CMHPG fracturing fluid systems with different cross-linker and nanosheet loadings on gelation performance were systematically assessed employing the Sydansk bottle testing method combined with a rheometer under the controlled-stress or controlled-rate modes. The results indicated that the nanosheet-enhanced fracturing fluid had a desirable delayed property. Compared with the blank fracturing fluid (without nanosheets), the nanosheet-enhanced fracturing fluid had a much better shear-tolerant and shear-recovery performance.
Scale Up of Pore-Network Models into Reservoir Scale: Optimization of Inflow Control Devices Placement
Authors: Bashtani Farzad , Irani Mazda , Kantzas Apostolos
Published: November 2021

Improvements to more advanced tools, such as inflow control devices (ICDs), create a high drawdown regime close to wellbores. Gas liberation within the formation occurs when the drawdown pressure is reduced below the bubblepoint pressure, which in turn reduces oil mobility by reducing its relative permeability, and potentially reducing oil flow. The key input in any reservoir modeling to compare the competition between gas and liquid flow toward ICDs is the relative permeability of different phases. Pore-network modeling (PNM) has been used to compute the relative permeability curves of oil, gas, and water based on the pore structure of the formation. In this paper, we explain the variability of pore structure on its relative permeability, and for a similar formation and identical permeability, we explain how other factors, such as connectivity and throat radius distribution, can vary the characteristic curves. By using a boundary element method, we also incorporate the expected relative permeability and capillary pressure curves into the modeling.

The results show that such variability in the pore network has a less than 10% impact on production gas rates, but its effect on oil production can be significant. Another important finding of such modeling is that providing the PNM-created relative permeabilities may provide totally different direction on setting the operational constraints. For example, in the case studied in this paper, PNM-created relative permeability curves suggest that a reduction of flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) increases the oil rate, but for the case modeled with a Corey correlation, changes in FBHP will not create any uplift. The results of such work show the importance of PNM in well completion design and probabilistic analysis of the performance, and can be extended based on different factors of the reservoir in future research. Although PNM has been widely used to study the multiphase flow in porous media in academia, the application of such modeling in reservoir and production engineering is quite narrow. In this study, we develop a framework that shows the general user the importance of PNM simulation and its implementation in day-to-day modeling. With this approach, the PNM can be used not just to provide relative permeability or capillary pressure curves on a core or pore- scale, but to preform simulations at the wellbore or reservoir scale as well to optimize the current completions.
Gender Differences In The Association Between Unmet Support Service Needs And Mental Health Among American Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Qian Yiqing , Kent Erin E.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Cancer caregiving can be distressing, and many caregivers have support service needs. Given the role gender has played in shaping norms around caring, gender may influence caregiving experiences. Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, 2015-2018, we aimed to examine gender as an effect modifier of the unmet support service needs and mental health association among cancer caregivers. Methods: Our n=5,814 sample represented approximate 4.8 million caregivers. Mental health was operationalized as number of mentally unhealthy days over the past 30 (MUDs) and Frequent Mental Distress (FMD, MUDs ±14 days). Unmet supportive care needs included endorsement of needing but not receiving caregiving classes, help accessing services, support groups, counseling, and respite care. We conducted zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) and logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between unmet needs with MUDs and FMD and then tested gender as an effect modifier. Results: Cancer caregivers reported an average of 6 MUDs. Approximately 20% of caregivers reported FMD, and 17% reported having any unmet needs. Gender moderated the unmet needs and FMD association. Among female caregivers, those with unmet needs were more likely to report FMD (aOR: 2.157; 95%CI: 1.449, 3.211); among male caregivers, no association was found (aOR: 0.951; 95%CI: 0.457, 1.978). In the ZINB model of MUDs, no significant moderation effect of gender was found. Conclusion: Though distress does not appear to vary by gender, having unmet support needs may negatively affect mental health in female cancer caregivers. Studies on gendered experiences can inform strategies to meet caregiver needs.
Analgesic Effect of Perioperative Duloxetine in Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Yuan Mingcheng , Tang Tingting , Ding Zichuan , Li Hao , Zhou Zongke
Published: November 2021

Background: To investigate the analgesic effect of perioperative use of duloxetine in patients received total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Method: The hospital pharmacy prepared small capsules containing either duloxetine or starch (placebo) which were all identical in appearance and weight (1:1). Enrolled patients were given a capsule (containing either 60 mg duloxetine or 60 mg placebo) every night before sleep since preoperative day 2 till postoperative day 14 (17 days in all) by a nurse who were not involved in this trial. Other perioperative managements were the same in the two groups. The primary outcome was the VAS score (both rVAS and aVAS) throughout the perioperative period. The secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, range of motion, including both active ROM (aROM) and passive ROM (pROM) and adverse events. Result: rVAS in duloxetine group were significantly less than placebo group throughout the postoperative period (From postoperative 2 hours to postoperative 3 months) (P<0.05). In terms of aVAS, similarly, duloxetine group had less aVAS than placebo group throughout the postoperative period (From postoperative 6 hours to postoperative 3 months) (P<0.05). During the postoperative period (From postoperative day 1 to 7), patients in duloxetine group consumed significantly less opioids per day than the placebo group (P<0.05). aROM in duloxetine group were significantly better than placebo group from postoperative 6 hours to postoperative day 5 (P<0.05), since postoperative day 6, the aROM became comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). In terms of pROM, duloxetine group had significantly better pROM from postoperative 6 hours to postoperative day 4 (P<0.05), thereafter, the pROM between the two groups became comparable (P>0.05). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the rates of dizziness, bleeding, sweating, fatigue and dryness of mouth. In the placebo group, more patients got nausea/vomiting and constipation (P<0.05). However, in terms of drowsiness, duloxetine group was reported higher rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: Duloxetine could reduce acute postoperative pain and decrease the opioids consumption as well as accelerating postoperative recovery, without increasing the risk of adverse medication effects in patients undergoing TKA. Duloxetine could act as a good supplement in multimodal pain management protocol for patients undergoing TKA. Trial registration statement: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000033910). The date of registration was 06/16/2020.
Impact of BMI z-score On Left Ventricular Mechanics in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Paysal Justine , Merlin Etienne , Rochette Emmanuelle , Terral Daniel , Nottin Stephane
Published: November 2021

Background: Adolescent weight disorders ranging from anorexia nervosa (AN) to obesity (OB) can impact the heart by causing opposite alterations in its morphology, suggesting a direct impact of BMI on the heart. Cardiac function is relatively preserved as assessed by standard ultrasound methods. However, few studies have used speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE), which can detect subtle alterations of left ventricular (LV) function by evaluating deformations. The aim of this study was to assess the link between BMI z-score of female adolescents and myocardial function. Methods: Ninety-one female adolescents comprising 26 AN patient (age 14.6 ± 1.9 y), 28 OB patients (age 13.2 ± 1.4 y), and 37 controls (age 14.0 ± 2.0 y) underwent STE to assess LV morphology and myocardial regional deformations. Findings: The BMI z-score of our population ranged from −4.6 to 5.2. LV morphological remodeling was significantly and positively correlated with BMI z-score (R² = 0.456, p < 0.0001 for LV mass). Global longitudinal strain (LS) and regional LS recorded at the mid and apical levels were significantly correlated with BMI z-score (R² = 0.196, p = 0.0001 and R² = 0.274, p < 0.0001 respectively for apical and medial LS). Circumferential strains and twisting mechanics were not correlated with BMI z-score. Fibrinogen and SBP were the main variables explaining the alteration of longitudinal strains. Conclusion: A impact of BMI z-score on LV mechanics was observed especially on medial and apical LS. Neither circumferential nor twisting mechanics were altered by BMI z-score in female adolescents.
Metabolite, Protein, And Tissue Dysfunction Associated With COVID-19 Disease Severity
Authors: Rahnavard Ali , Mann Brendan , Giri Abhigya , Chatterjee Ranojoy , Crandall Keith
Published: November 2021

Proteins are direct products of the genome and metabolites are functional products of interactions between the host and other factors such as environment, disease state, clinical information, etc. Omics data, including proteins and metabolites, are useful in characterizing biological processes underlying COVID-19 along with patient data and clinical information, yet few methods are available to effectively analyze such diverse and unstructured data. Using an integrated approach that combines proteomics and metabolomics data, we investigated the changes in metabolites and proteins in relation to patient characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and health outcome) and clinical information (e.g., metabolic panel and complete blood count test results). We found significant enrichment of biological indicators of lung, liver, and gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with disease severity using metabolite and protein profiles. Our analyses specifically identified enriched proteins that play a critical role in responses to injury or infection within these anatomical sites, but may contribute to excessive systemic inflammation within the context of COVID-19. Furthermore, we have used this information in conjunction with machine learning algorithms to predict the health status of patients presenting symptoms of COVID-19. This work provides a roadmap for understanding the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms that drive disease severity, progression, and treatment of COVID-19.
Parental Oral Hygiene Knowledge: Investigating the Source for Successful Oral Hygiene Behavior in Children
Authors: Moore Ed.D. Wallace
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe deleterious effects of dental caries in children can often be arrested if parents are knowledgeable regarding dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a parent’s level of oral hygiene knowledge and the oral hygiene behaviors of their children ages 7 to 17 in the greater United States.MethodsThe researcher utilized a quantitative descriptive study based on a non-experimental cross-sectional survey design. 103 participants voluntarily responded. To be eligible, participants had to live in the greater United States and have a child between the ages of 7 to 17.ResultsData analysis was completed using inferential statistics while utilizing the chi-square test of independence as the analytical method. The Chi-Square test was used to determine whether a relationship between the parent’s hygiene knowledge and the child’s oral hygiene behaviors existed. Results did reveal an association between the variables, a parent’s hygiene knowledge and their child’s oral health hygiene behaviors upon completion of the chi-square test analysis.ConclusionsThe oral hygiene knowledge of some parents needs to be increased to ensure positive outcomes with their child’s oral hygiene behaviors—information about pit and fissure sealants to aid in the prevention of dental caries for their children would be highly advantageous. Additionally, further studies are warranted to address possible limitations of the child and parental socioeconomic issues.Practical ImplicationsMore schools need to invest in school-based sealant programs to offer parents another alternative to help with the prevention of dental caries in their children.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting the 6-Month Survival Rate in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Li Guode , Jiang linsen , Li Jiangpeng , shen huaying , Jiang Shan , Ouyang Han , song kai
Published: November 2021

Background

The all-cause mortality in hemodialysis(HD) patients is higher than in the general population and the first 6 months after initiating dialysis is an important transitional period for new HD patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the 6-month survival rate among HD patients.
Methods

We developed a prediction model based on a training cohort of 679 HD patients. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors, followed by establishment of a nomogram. Next, performance of the nomogram was assessed using the C-index and calibration plots. The nomogram was validated through applying discrimination and calibration to an additional cohort of 173 HD patients.
Results

During a follow-up period of six months, there were 47 and 12 deaths in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively, with a mortality rate of 7.3% and 6.9%, respectively. The score included five commonly available predictors: age, temporary dialysis catheter, intradialytic hypotension, use of ACEi or ARB, and use of loop diuretics. The score revealed good discrimination in the training cohort [C-index 0.775(0.693-0.857)] and validation cohort [C-index 0.758(0.677-0.836)], whereas the calibration plots showed good calibration, indicating suitable performance of the nomogram model. The total score point was then divided into two risk classifications: low risk (0-90 points) and high risk (≥ 91 points). Results showed that all-cause mortality was significantly different in HD patients in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group.
Conclusions

This nomogram can accurately predict the 6-month survival rate for HD patients, and thus it can be used in clinical decision-making.
Response of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function to Different Altitudes in Arid Valley in Panzhihua, China
Authors: Zhang Runji , Tian Xianrui , Xiang Quanju , Penttinen Petri , Gu Yunfu
Published: November 2021

Background: Altitude affects biodiversity and physic-chemical properties of soil, providing natural sites for studying species distribution and the response of biota to environmental changes. We sampled soil at three altitudes in an arid valley, determined the physic-chemical characteristics and microbial community composition in the soils, identified differentially abundant taxa and the relationships between community composition and environmental factors. Results: The low, medium and high altitudes were roughly separated based on the physic-chemical characteristics and clearly separated based on the microbial community composition. The differences in community composition were associated with differences in all measured factors except pH. The contents of organic and microbial biomass C, total and available N and available P, and the richness and diversity of the microbial communities were lowest in the medium altitude. The relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were high at all altitudes. The differentially abundant ASVs were mostly assigned to Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The highest number of ASVs characterizing altitude were detected in the high altitude. However, the predicted functions of the communities were overlapping, suggesting that the contribution of the communities to soil processes changed relatively little along the altitude gradient. Conclusions: The composition of microbial community at different altitudes was related to the differences of all measuring factors except pH in arid valley in Panzhihua, China.
Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Induces Severe Edema: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Hua , Zheng Jie , Wang Qin , Ai Yueqin , Zhao Ying , Wang Jing , Hu Jianhua , Jia Shaochang
Published: November 2021

BackgroundTrastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody which binds to the extracellular domain of HER2, is the first biological drug approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, trastuzumab exhibits a series of adverse reactions in clinic, including cardiac toxicity, nerve damage, mild edema, abnormal liver function, thrombocytopenia, etc.Case presentationWe reported an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast patient with single dose trastuzumab treatment developed a rare severe edema in patient’s neck, face, chest, abdomen, and both upper limbs. One month after trastuzumab administration, the patient was given methylprednisone (80 mg/day) for 5 days. The edema in patient’s neck, face and both upper limbs was mildly reduced compared with before, but patient’s CT image showed no significant reduction of edema.ConclusionTrastuzumab has an adverse reaction of edema, but this severe edema is extremely rare. It is important to increase awareness of serious adverse reactions among oncologist, and treat such serious adverse reactions at an early stage may reduce further damage.
Study on Gas Leakage Detection and Pressure Difference Identification by Asymmetric Differential Pressure Method
Authors: Shi Yan , Chang Jia-Qi , Wang Yi-Xuan , Zhao Xue-Lin , Zhang Qing-Zhen , Yang Li-Man
Published: November 2021

As the most common actuator in the pneumatic system, the excellent air tightness of the tank is the key to meet the use requirements of automatic equipment. This paper introduces the common air tightness detection contents, and models the inflation and detection process of the differential pressure method. In order to break away from the restriction on the detection efficiency caused by the asynchronous temperature recovery of the two chambers in the asymmetric differential pressure method, the differential calculation of directly detected pressure difference is replaced by the pressure difference substitute formula. The influence of various parameters in the fitting formula is analyzed by simulation, and the effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments.
Whole-genome Sequencing Reveals De-novo Mutations Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Awotoye Waheed , Mossey Peter A. , Hetmanski Jacqueline B. , Gowans Lord Jephthah Joojo , Eshete Mekonen A. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Alade Azeez , Zeng Erliang , Adamson Olawale , Naicker Thirona , Anand Deepti , Adeleke Chinyere , Busch Tamara , Li Mary , Petrin Aline , Aregbesola Babatunde S. , Braimah Ramat O. , Oginni Fadekemi O. , Oladele Ayodeji O. , Oladayo Abimbola , Kayali Sami , Olotu Joy , Hassan Mohaned , Pape John , Donkor Peter , Arthur Fareed K.N. , Obiri-Yeboah Solomon , Sabbah Daniel K. , Agbenorku Pius , Plange-Rhule Gyikua , Oti Alexander Acheampong , Gogal Rose A. , Beaty Terri H. , Taub Margaret , Marazita Mary L. , Schnieders Michael J. , Lachke Salil A. , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Butali Azeez
Published: November 2021

The majority (85%) of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) cases occur sporadically, suggesting a role for de novo mutations (DNMs) in the etiology of nsCL/P. To identify high impact DNMs that contribute to the risk of nsCL/P, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses in 130 African case-parent trios (affected probands and unaffected parents). We identified 162 high confidence protein-altering DNMs that contribute to the risk of nsCL/P. These include novel loss-of-function DNMs in the ACTL6A, ARHGAP10, MINK1, TMEM5 and TTN genes; as well as missense variants in ACAN, DHRS3, DLX6, EPHB2, FKBP10, KMT2D, RECQL4, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, SHH, TP63, and TULP4. Experimental evidence showed that ACAN, DHRS3, DLX6, EPHB2, FKBP10, KMT2D, MINK1, RECQL4, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, SHH, TP63, and TTN genes contribute to facial development and mutations in these genes could contribute to CL/P. Association studies have identified TULP4 as a potential cleft candidate gene, while ARHGAP10 interacts with CTNNB1 to control WNT signaling. DLX6, EPHB2, SEMA3C and SEMA4D harbor novel damaging DNMs that may affect their role in neural crest migration and palatal development. This discovery of pathogenic DNMs also confirms the power of WGS analysis of trios in the discovery of potential pathogenic variants.
Subthalamic Nucleus-Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Feng , Li Cong-Hui , Wang Ji-Wei , Han Chun-Lei , Fan Shi-Ying , Gao Dong-Mei , Xing Yu-Jing , Yang Chen , Zhang Jian-Guo , Meng Fan-Gang
Published: November 2021

Background
To study the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
Methods
57 PD patients, who underwent bilateral STN-DBS from March to December 2018, were retrospectively analyzed, preplanned assessments at baseline and postoperatively at 1, 3 and 6 months also included the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic questionnaire (SCOPA-Aut), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score, levodopa equivalent day dose (LEDD), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).
Results
The SCOPA-Aut scores improved significantly [14.59% (18.32%), 24.00% (27.05%), 22.16% (27.07%), respectively, all P <0.001] at 1 months, 3 months, 6months of STN-DBS respectively. Analysis of the SCOPA-Aut subitems showed significant improvement only in urine and thermoregulation subitems at 6 months after operation (P <0.001). There was no significant correlation between the improvement rate of SCOPA-Aut scores and the improvement rate of PDQ-39 scores (P>0.05) at 6 months after operation. SCOPA-Aut scores was positively correlated with age (r=0.428, P=0.001); The improvement rate of SCCOPA-Aut scores was positively correlated with the improvement rate of HAMA and HAMD scores (HAMA: r=0.325, P=0.015; HAMD: r=0.265, P=0.049) at 6 months after operation.
Conclusion
STN-DBS can improve autonomic dysfunction symptoms of PD patients, urinary and thermoregulatory subitems of autonomic dysfunction were improved in the short term after operation. There was a close relationship between improved autonomic symptoms and improved anxiety and depression 6 months after operation. We should pay more attention to the autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, detailed preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up, so as to better improve the QOL of patients.
REDbox: a comprehensive semantic framework for data collection and management in tuberculosis research
Authors: Lima Vinicius Costa , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Pellison Felipe Carvalho , Júnior Francisco Barbosa , Filho Márcio Elói , Alves Domingos , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Galliez Rafael Mello , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes
Published: November 2021

The outcomes of a clinical research directly depend on the correct definition of the research protocol, the data collection strategy and the data management plan. Furthermore, researchers often need to work within challenging contexts, such as in Tuberculosis services, where human and technological resources for research may be rare. The use of Electronic Data Capture systems, such as REDCap and KoBotoolbox, can help to mitigate such risks and to enable a reliable environment to conduct health research and promote results dissemination and data reusability. The proposed solution was based on needs pinpointed by researchers, considering the lack of an embracing solution to conduct research in low resources environments. The REDbox framework was built to enhance data collection, management and sharing in tuberculosis research, while providing a better user experience. The relevance of this article lies in the innovative approach to support TB research by combining existing technologies and developing support features. When focusing on positive aspects of each tool, it is possible to underpin tuberculosis research by improving data collection, management capability and security. Furthermore, the aggregation of meaning in raw data helps to promote the quality and the availability of research data.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors Analysis for the Recurrence of Pelvic Endodermal Sinus Tumors
Authors: Guo Yanglong , Chen Xi , Lin Qingqing , Zhu Tao , Zhang Ying-Li
Published: November 2021

Background: This study investigated the clinicopathological characteristics and factors influencing the recurrence of pelvic endodermal sinus tumor. Methods: Fifty-four cases were retrospectively analyzed from at the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Imaging and serological indicators were used to determine whether disease recurred, to evaluate progression-free survival, and to compare the influence of related factors on disease recurrence. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The median age at initial treatment was 21 years (range, 11–52 years). Six patients had extragonadal endodermal sinus tumor, and four had histological features of endodermal sinus tumor combined with embryonal carcinoma. Thirty-nine patients underwent fertility-preserving surgery, 18 patients had a childbearing history, and eight patients had residual tumor after initial treatment. Twenty-six patients had a tumor diameter of more than 15 cm, and 30 patients had a serum α‑fetoprotein level greater than 10,000 ng/mL before initial management. The median follow-up time was 47.5 months (range, 14–212 months). During follow-up, 15 patients experience recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 27.8% and a 5-year PFS rate of 61.1%. In univariate analysis, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (stage III-IV VS. I-II; HR= 10.054 p<0.001), residual tumor (yes VS. no for the first surgery; HR=5.014 p=0.001), histological features (endodermal sinus tumor combined with embryonal carcinoma VS. endodermal sinus tumor; HR=4.130 p=0.018), and use of platinum-based chemotherapy (courses≥3 VS. courses<3; HR= 0.188 p=0.004) were independent factors influencing recurrence; age, childbearing history, tumor site, tumor size, and serum α-fetoprotein level before initial management did not affect recurrence. In multivariate analysis, only stage was an independent risk factor for progression-free survival（stage III-IV VS. I-II; HR=6.923 p=0.019）. Conclusions: Stage is a prognostic factor for recurrence of pelvic endodermal sinus tumor. The first surgery should remove the tumor as completely as possible, and initial treatment should require a sufficient dose and full course of platinum-based chemotherapy, which may reduce the recurrence rate. Patients with endodermal sinus tumor and embryonal carcinoma may have increased susceptibility of recurrence.
The Challenges of Frontline Health Managers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Framework Analysis Study
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Rashmi Anusha , Aggarwal Sumit , Panda Meely , Jena Shubharanjan , Epari Venkatarao , Baidya Shubratho , Ramesh N.R Masthi , Sahoo Jyotiranjan , Sabat Smaranita
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCoronavirus was first officially reported in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. As this novel coronavirus spread rapidly throughout the world, health care workers faced many difficulties addressing the pandemic. In the present study, we explored the challenges faced by front-line health managers on human resource management, execution of the central policies, training and in formulating innovative approaches during the covid-19 pandemic in India. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using framework analysis among front-line health managers concerning covid-19 management at the district level. We conducted 120 in-depth interviews (IDIs) among eight states with the use of an Interview guide. Results: The results are described under five sections: First: 'challenges of front-line managers in policymaking and its execution' 'human resource management' 'gaps in local execution of central policies' 'challenges in training workforce and data management' 'innovative approaches adopted during COVID 19'. Conclusions: We observed that a centre-down approach was not appreciated much. Many participants felt that there was a need to understand the local context and appropriate amendment. The private system is a part of the Indian health system and can never be ignored, thus all guidelines should include the private system.
Construction of a Turn-off-on Fluorescent System Based On Aggregation Induced Emission of Acetaldehyde Using Carbonized Polymer Dots and Tb3+
Authors: Guan Rentian , Zhang Shuai , Fan Xiaoyu , Shao Xiaodong , Hu Yingying , Liu Tao , Wang Shuhao , Yue Qiaoli
Published: November 2021

It was the first time to report the aggregation induced emission (AIE) of acetaldehyde (AA) on the surface of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with the auxiliary of Tb3+. Based on the AIE of AA, a turn-off-on fluorescence method was established for AA detection using the porous CPDs-Tb3+ system. The one-pot hydrothermal method was used to obtain CPDs, using milk and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as precursors. In the presence of Tb3+, CPDs aggregated immediately, and the fluorescence intensity decreased obviously for the precipitate. AA can effectively embed on the surface of CPDs-Tb3+ due to the porous structure. AA displayed obviously blue fluorescence with excitation wavelength at 370 nm (emission peak at 460 nm), while there was no fluorescence peak when excited at 460 nm. In the CPDs-Tb3+ solution, AA exhibits obvious fluorescence enhancement effect (lex 460 nm, lem 545 nm). And then, AA can be determined by the turn-off-on system based on the linear relationship between fluorescence enhancement and the concentration of AA ranging from 0.04 mM to 42.48 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 mM. The turn-off-on system was successfully applied to determine AA in wine samples. The strategy may be exploited to monitor AA in more drinking or foodstuff samples.
Nonlinear Optical Rectification of Tuned Quantum Dots Under the Action of a Vertical Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhao Zhuang
Published: November 2021

The effects of tuned quantum dots (QD) on the optical rectification (OR) coefficient under the action of the external magnetic field, hydrostatic pressure, temperature and quantum dot radius is theoretically studied in detail. The tuned quantum dots are subjected to a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the structure plane. Within the framework of effective mass approximation and parabolic approximation, the energy level and wave function are derived, and the nonlinear optical rectification coefficients are calculated by the compact density matrix method and iterative method. Numerical results show that under different constraint parameters, the resonance peak of the OR coefficient moves in the direction of high energy or low energy, that is, red shift or blue shift. At the same time, the peak value of the OR coefficient will increase or decrease with the change of the parameters.
Position of Biphenyl Group Turning The Structure and Photophysical Property of D-π-π-A Prototype Fluorescent Material
Authors: Wu Dong-En , Yin Qin-Yuan , Guo Qing-Hui
Published: November 2021

Three novel D-π-π-A prototype compounds, namely, (E)-2-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl) allylidene) malononitri-le (2-BAM), (E)-2-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)allylidene) malononitri-le (3-BAM), (E)-2-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)allylidene) malononitri-le (4-BAM) were synthesized. Furthermore, the structures and photophysical properties of three compounds were compared. Molecules of 2-BAM were packed into a 1D column structure with H-aggregation. However, both of 3-BAM and 4-BAM were packed into 3D layer structures with J-aggregation, respectively. Although three compounds all showed highly twisted molecular geometries, their molecular packing and intermolecular interactions were different. Because of the differences in electronic structures of molecules, the three compounds displayed different emission behaviors in solid and dilute solution. This study indicated that changing the position of biphenyl groups is an effective way to turn the structures and photophysical properties of such D-π-π-A prototype fluorescent material.