bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of nursing intervention to control fear in patients scheduled for surgery
Authors: Sepúlveda-Plata Martha Cecilia , García-Corzo Gloria , Gamboa-Delgado Edna Magaly
Published: July 2018

Introducción. El temor prequirúrgico tiene múltiples consecuencias. Este se puede controlar mediante intervenciones de enfermería.Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia de dos intervenciones de enfermería en el control del temor en pacientes programados para cirugía.Materiales y métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado. Grupo intervención de 15 participantes y grupo control de 30. Se consideró un poder de 0.90, un error alfa de 0.05 y una razón de intervenido a control de 1:2. La asignación aleatoria utilizó el sistema de bloques. Se usó enmascaramiento tipo doble ciego. Se midió la consistencia interna del formato de evaluación de las dos etiquetas de resultados de la Clasificación de resultados de enfermería (NOC) mediante el alfa de Chronbach. Se determinó la reproducibilidad de los formatos usando los límites de acuerdo de Bland y Altman. Los efectos de las intervenciones de enfermería en el temor fueron establecidos mediante análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA).Resultados. El grupo intervención tuvo un coeficiente de cambios en la etiqueta “Control del temor”, controlado por NOC inicial, edad y género de 1.09 (p=0.000) y su coeficiente de cambios en la etiqueta “Conocimientos: régimen terapéutico” fue de 1.33 (p=0.000).Conclusión. Las personas que recibieron las intervenciones de enfermería presentaron una disminución significativa del temor respecto a las que recibieron la atención usual.
Stroop-like interference of grammatical and visual number
Authors: Gulgowski Piotr , Błaszczak Joanna
Published: July 2018

The current paper presents results of two experiments attempting to replicate with Polish speakers a Stroop-like interference of grammatical number with the counting task, first reported by Berent et al. (2005) for Hebrew. Both experiments tested the influence of the type of number morphology (marked with overt suffix vs. unmarked) of nouns on the strength of the interference effect. Additionally, the second experiment investigated the processing of nouns with a mismatch between grammatical and conceptual number and tested the possible effect of animacy on number interpretation in order to determine the time at which the information about grammatical number is activated. The first experiment showed a significant interaction between the grammatical number and visual numerosity of the counted words and the effect of markedness, with marked singulars producing a bigger congruency effect than unmarked singulars. However, in the second experiment the influence of morphology was reversed and the overall effects were considerably weaker.
The time course of processing perfective and imperfective aspect in Polish
Authors: Klimek-Jankowska Dorota , Czypionka Anna , Witkowski Wojciech , Błaszczak Joanna
Published: July 2018

This paper is a contribution to a long-standing discussion related to the domain of aspectual interpretation. More precisely, it focuses on the impact of the degree of specificity and morphological complexity on the time course of processing of perfective (prefixed perfective and semelfactive perfective) and imperfective (simple imperfective and iterative imperfective) verbs in Polish. In two experiments, eye-tracking during reading and self-paced reading, we tested a hypothesis based on Frisson & Pickering (1999), Pickering & Frisson (2001), and Frisson (2009) that the interpretation of semantically underspecified verbs should be delayed to the end of a sentence. As predicted, in both of the reported experiments significantly longer reading measures were observed for aspectually underspecified simple imperfective verbs as compared to aspectually more specific perfective verbs in the sentence-final region. Our second major prediction was that morphological complexity of aspectual forms should cause computational cost directly on the verbal region. As predicted, significantly longer reading times were observed on morphologically complex (prefixed) perfective verbs and (suffixed) semelfactive perfective verbs as compared to their morphologically simple imperfective counterparts in the eye-tracking experiment. This effect was not confirmed in the self-paced reading experiment. This difference between the results in the two reported experiments is attributed to the differences between the methods used.
The acquisition of asserted, presupposed, and pragmatically implied exhaustivity in Hungarian
Authors: Pintér Lilla
Published: July 2018

The paper reports on three experiments in which the exhaustive interpretation of sentences containing the focus particlecsak‘only’, structural focus constructions, and sentences with neutral intonation and word order were investigated. The results obtained not only reveal the developmental trajectory of the adult-like comprehension of each sentence type, but also contribute to the discussion concerning the semantic or pragmatic nature of their exhaustive meaning component. As the three construction types were judged in different ways on a three-point scale, the findings appear to support the hypothesis according to which exhaustivity is part of the asserted content of sentences withcsak‘only’, it is context-independently presupposed in the case of structural focus, and in certain contexts it can arise as an implicature in the case of neutral utterances, as well.
Focus effects on quantifier domains in a visual verification task
Authors: Tomaszewicz Barbara
Published: July 2018

In a visual verification study we investigated how syntactic focus affects the interpretation of quantifiers. We compared the effect of syntactic focus on the truth conditions of sentences with the quantificational adverbonlyand the superlative quantifiermostin Polish. In this language, the scopal properties ofmostas well as the syntactic construction of the sentence final focus allowed us to predict parallel focus association patterns for both quantifiers. We found that, indeed, syntactic focus is able to guide the attention during visual verification. It is known that prosodic focus is immediately integrated during semantic processing, our study is the first to demonstrate that syntactic focus can facilitate the verification of the truth of a sentence, by guiding attention towards the more salient information in the picture, i.e., the set of focus alternatives.
A direct comparison of metonymic and metaphoric relations in adjective–noun pairs
Authors: Weiland-Breckle Hanna , Schumacher Petra B.
Published: July 2018

Theories on metaphor and metonymy make different claims about the nature of the underlying processes in the computation of these two types of language use, i.e., whether they differ or not. Experimental investigations of metonymy and metaphor have generally not compared these two phenomena in a straightforward manner among others due to structural variability. To overcome this shortcoming, we conducted a study in German that used adjective–noun combinations to contrast metaphor and metonymy directly in an ERP-study during reading for comprehension. By combining three different nouns with one adjective in predicative position we construed adjective–noun pairs with literal (the baby was lively), metonymic (the eyes were lively) or metaphoric (the speed was lively) relations. The data revealed a more pronounced N400 for the metaphoric relations in comparison to the literal controls. We argue that the enhanced cost for metaphors reflects the activation process of two unrelated domains via mapping or extended predication. The metonymic adjective–noun pairs only showed a small trend to differ from the other two conditions. This might indicate that metonymies require mapping processes or shifts only within a single domain or domain matrix. Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, we did not find a Late Positivity. We explain this result with regard to different discourse representational consequences arising during combinatorial processing.
How similar are objects and events?
Authors: Wellwood Alexis , Hespos Susan J. , Rips Lance
Published: July 2018

Semanticists often assume an ontology for natural language that includes not only ordinary objects, but also events, and other sorts of entities. We link this ontology to how speakers represent static and dynamic entities. Specifically, we test how speakers determine whether an entity counts as “atomic” by using count vs. mass (e.g.,some gleebs, some gleeb) and distributive vs. non-distributive descriptions (e.g.,gleeb every second or so, gleeb around a little). We then seek evidence for atomic representation in a non-linguistic task. Ultimately we suggest that natural language ontology reveals properties of language-independent conceptualization.
The language of cisnormativity
Authors: Ericsson Stina
Published: July 2018

Cisgender concerns the coherence of gender, over time, in perception, and through actions and identities. This article explores cisgender through the concept of cisnormativity - the normalisation of cisgendering - and its operation in spoken and multimodal interactions. Cisnormativity, like other normativities, is often conveyed implicitly and as such goes unnoticed in interaction. Through analysis of interaction at the micro level, this article shows how cisnormativity is produced and reproduced by speakers. The data comes from recordings of 23 children, mainly aged 5-8, in conversations with their parents and using an interactive app, on topics concerning families and relationships. The results show how cisnormativity is produced by the participants using various linguistic and communicative resources, such as smiles and laughter, evaluations, accounts, and the sequential organisation of interaction. Cisnormativity also interacts with other normativities, notably heteronormativity, in the data. Challenges to cisnormativity are shown to be temporary and situated.
Effect of various plasticisers on viscous flow properties of natural pozzolanic cement pastes
Authors: Páez-Flor Nicolás M. , Rubio-Hernández Francisco J. , Velázquez-Navarro José F.
Published: July 2018

The effect of various plasticisers (lignosulfonates and copolymers) on volcanic cement was assessed in this study. The volcanic cement was designed by substituting Portland cement with a natural volcanic pozzolan resulting from Andean volcanic activity. The best results (i.e. the volcanic cement pastes that showed shear-thickening viscous flow behaviour) were obtained when the zero-shear viscosity, minimum viscosity and shear rate for the onset of shear-thickening behaviour showed dependency on the paste concentration, Portland cement substitution and plasticiser concentration. The results were verified by the distorting effect of solid particles on the flow field.
A new confined concrete model considering the strain gradient effect for RC columns under eccentric loading
Authors: Feng De-Cheng , Ding Zhao-Dong
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a new confined concrete model is developed for reinforced-concrete (RC) columns under eccentric loading. The model is based on the well-known Mander model, but considers the strain gradient effect for RC columns under eccentric loading. The confining mechanisms of RC columns under concentric and eccentric compression are firstly compared and the influence of strain gradient under eccentric loading on the equivalent lateral pressure is analysed. Then an experimental programme is performed to investigate the actual lateral confining pressure of RC columns under eccentric loading. According to the experimental results, an eccentricity coefficient based on the equivalent confinement volume is proposed as an amendment to the original Mander model to account for the section strain gradient effect. Moreover, the proposed confined concrete model is implemented within the fibre beam–column element, so that the varying sectional eccentricity at different positions and times can be represented during the analysis procedure. The model is validated through moment–curvature analysis of several critical column sections with different eccentricities and confinements, and the results indicate that the model can accurately reflect the influence of eccentricity on the confinement effect. Meanwhile, the model is also used to simulate RC columns under lateral cyclic loading, showing the capability of the proposed model in seismic analysis of RC columns under combined axial-bending interaction.
TÜRKİYE’YE GELEN ÇİNLİ TURİSTLERİN SEYAHAT MOTİVASYONLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: İBİŞ Salim , BATMAN Orhan
Published: July 2018

Çin, son yıllarda ekonomik
olarak hızla gelişen ve dünyaya açılan bir ülke konumundadır. Çin, uluslararası
turizm pazarında da hızlı büyüme göstererek en çok harcama yapan ülke konumuna
gelmiştir. Çin turizm pazarı dünya genelinde ilgi çekmeye başlamıştır. Pek çok
ülke bu pazardan pay alma çabası içerisine girmiştir. Ancak Türkiye’ye gelen
Çinli turist sayıları uluslararası seyahat eden turist sayısı ile
kıyaslandığında oldukça düşük seviyelerde olduğu görülmektedir. Alternatif
turizm pazarlarına ihtiyaç duyan Türkiye’nin bu pazardan daha fazla pay alması
gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Bu düşünceden yola çıkılarak çalışmada Çin turizm
pazarının incelenmesi ve Çinli turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarının
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda İstanbul’u ziyaret eden 131
Çinli turist üzerine anket tekniği ile veriler toplanmış, frekans analizi,
farklılık testleri, açıklayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi
yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çekici motivasyonların, doğal ve kültürel
olanaklar, etkinlikler, kalite ve güven, alışveriş olanakları, fiyat ve
uygunluk olmak üzere 5 boyuttan oluştuğu, bu boyutların bazı demografik
özelliklere göre farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür.
EKONOMETRİK YAKLAŞIM YOLUYLA TÜRKİYE’DE KAYIT DIŞI EKONOMİNİN TAHMİNİ
Authors: AKÇA Emrah Eray , BAL Harun
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1986-2015 dönemi için
ekonometrik yaklaşım aracılığıyla Türkiye’de kayıt dışı ekonominin boyutlarını
tahmin etmektir. ARDL prosedürü takip edilerek elde edilen tahmin sonuçlarına
göre, kayıt dışı ekonominin büyüklüğünde bir azalma eğiliminin olduğu
gözükmektedir. Kayıt dışı ekonominin büyüklüğünün sıfır olması yasa dışı
faaliyetlerin varlığı nedeniyle beklenilen bir durum değildir. Önemli olan bu
kapsam dışında kalan ekonomik faaliyetler bağlamında kayıt dışına çıkmayı cazip
kılacak motivasyonları en aza indirecek yönde adımların atılmasıdır.
BİLİME ADANMIŞ ÖMÜR: NASURİDDİN TUSİ
Authors: OKTAY Melike
Published: July 2018

Ele aldığımız bu kitap ile Nasiruddin Tusi'nin düşünce sisteminin bir kısmı incelenecektir. Çünkü, incelenen kitap iki ciltlik eserin birincisidir. Bu yüzden Tusi'nin yalnızca kelam, ahlak, felsefe ve siyaset görüşleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Makale de her bölümden kısa kısa bahsedilerek Tusi'nin görüşleri ele alınmıştır.
ÇALIŞANLARIN MEMNUNİYETİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BURSA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇINAR Mehmet
Published: July 2018

Çalışan
bireyin işinden ve dolayısıyla işyerinden memnun olması, birçok yönü ile hem
çalışan hem de işyeri açısından fayda sağlamaktadır. En başta çalışanın
memnuniyeti verimliliğini artıracaktır. Dolayısıyla ürettiği mal veya hizmet
artacak ve bu hem sektörün gelişmesine hem de firmanın karlılığının artmasına
destek verecektir. Bu çalışmada, çalışan bireylerin memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörler
ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, Bursa’da çalışan 2000 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada
kullanılan lojistik regresyon modeli tahmin sonuçları, çalışan bireyin
memnuniyetinin birçok faktöre bağlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak en
önemli etkenlerin sırasıyla çalışanın firmasındaki statüsü ve sektörün yer
aldığı görülmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, çalışan bireyin memnuniyeti sektöre
ve statüye göre farklılık arz etmektedir. İlaveten, modelde kullanılan; gelir,
cinsiyet, medeni durum, sosyal yardım, servis ve mesai ücreti gibi değişkenler
de memnuniyet üzerinde etkili faktörlerdir.
ENFLASYON-FAİZ İLİŞKİSİ BİR ARDL/SINIR TESTİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: DEMİRGİL Bünyamin , TÜRKAY Hakan
Published: July 2018

Özet: Bu
çalışmada, enflasyon ile faiz oranı arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığı
Türkiye’nin 2003:01-2017:01 dönemi aylık verileri kullanılarak ARDL sınır testi
yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda seriler arasında eşbütünleşme
ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Türkiye’de incelenen dönem içinde enflasyon faizi pozitif
yönde ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı düzeyde etkilemektedir. Analiz sonucuna
göre enflasyon oranında meydana gelen %1’lik bir artış faiz oranını %0,55
oranında artırmaktadır. Bu durum Türkiye’de faizlerdeki artışta enflasyon
artışlarının etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada değişkenler arasında
nedensellik ilişkisini test etmek amacıyla Toda Yamamoto nedensellik testi
yapılmıştır. Test sonucuna göre enflasyondan faize doğru bir nedensellik
ilişkisi bulunmaktadır.
KÜLTÜREL MİRAS TURİZMİ OLARAK SAVAŞ ALANLARI TURİZMİ: TÜRKİYE’DE YER ALAN SAVAŞ ANITLARININ COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: AKBULUT Onur , EKİN Yakın
Published: July 2018

Savaş olgusu insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir.
Geçmişte yıkımların ve milyonlarca insanın ölümünün gerçekleştiği savaş
alanlarının bazıları günümüzde birer turistik çekiciliğe dönüşmüştür. Bu
alanlara, literatürde savaş alanları turizmi olarak adlandırılan bir turizm
hareketi mevcuttur. Kültürel miras turizminin bir alt boyutu olarak savaş
alanları turizmi, ölüm ile fiili ya da simgesel karşılaşmalar için bir yere
tamamen ya da kısmi olarak seyahat etme isteği ile güdülenen ölüm turizmi
(thanatourism) ya da karanlık turizm (dark tourism) tanımlaması içerisinde yer
alan bir turizm olgusudur. Bu olgu sadece savaş alanlarına gerçekleştirilen
turizm hareketlerinden ibaret değildir. Aynı zamanda anma etkinlikleri
kapsamında askeri şehitlikler, anıt ve abidelere gerçekleştirilen ziyaretler de
bu turizm türünün bir şekli olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda,
araştırma Türkiye’deki savaş anıtlarına odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada öncelikle
Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’ndan tescilli 353 anıtın listesi elde edilmiştir.
İkincil olarak bu anıtlara ilişkin nicel ve nitel veriler QGis coğrafi bilgi
sistemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı elde edilen sonuçların
Türkiye’de bu niş turizm pazarın gelişmesine yardımcı olmasıdır.
DÖVİZ KURU VE ENFLASYON ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI
Authors: ÖNER Hakan
Published: July 2018

Çalışmada, nominal döviz
kuru ile TÜFE ve ÜFE enflasyon oranları arasındaki ilişki, Türkiye örneği
çerçevesinde, Ocak 2007 - Aralık 2017 dönemleri arasındaki 132 adet aylık veri
seti alınarak incelenmektedir. Genişletilmiş Dickey Fuller (ADF) birim kök
testi ve Granger nedensellik testleri uygulanarak, nominal döviz kuru ile TÜFE ve
ÜFE enflasyon oranları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi açıklanmaya
çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; ÜFE enflasyon oranından TÜFE enflasyon
oranına doğru tek bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılırken, nominal döviz kurunun
ve ÜFE enflasyon oranın bağımlı değişken olduğu durumlarda diğer bağımsız
değişkenler tarafından etkilenmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
PERGAMON'UN GÖLGESİNDE BİR KOMŞU KENT: ATARNEUS
Authors: ATEŞ Güler
Published: July 2018

Araştırmalar göstermektedir
ki, antik Pergamon kentinin politik ve ekonomik açıdan güçlenmesinin
sonuçları yakın çevresine bire bir yansımakta ve bunun sonucu olarak kentle birlikte taşra da dinamik bir
şekilde hızla gelişmekteydi. Pergamon kenti ile kırsalı arasındaki ilişkilerin
yanı sıra, bir diğer önemli konu da kentte yaşanan siyasal olaylar ve kentin
Helenistik dönemden itibaren kaydettiği hızlı gelişmenin komşu kentleri nasıl etkilediğidir.
Pergamon'un  siyasal ve ekonomik açıdan
büyümesi, kırsal kesimlerde tarımsal faaliyetlerin artmasına neden olmuş; komşu kentler açısından
ise bu gelişim bazıları için faydalı olurken bazılarının da sonunu getirmiştir. Pergamon Krallığı kuruluncaya
kadar komşusu Atarneus kentinin bölgede önemli bir yere sahip olduğu
bilinmektedir. Atarneus'taki araştırmalarımızda ele geçirilen seramik
parçalarına göre, burada tespit edilen en erken yerleşme MÖ 2. bin yıla
inmektedir; MÖ 6. ve 5. yüzyıllarda ise hatırı sayılır büyüklükte bir yerleşime
ulaşmıştır. Atarneus MÖ 4. yüzyılda – aynı yüzyıldaki kaynakların doğruladığı
gibi (Diod. 13, 65, 4)– heybetli ve aşılması neredeyse imkansız surlarla
korunuyordu. Metrelerce yükseklikteki surların koruduğu 24 hektarlık kent alanı, Philetairos zamanındaki
Pergamon'dan bile daha büyüktü. MÖ 4. yüzyılda Atarneus’da hüküm süren ve yerel bir
hanedan beyi olan Hermias'ın egemenliği altındaki bölge, Atarneus’dan itibaren
kıyı bölgesini ve Bakırçay Ovası’nı da içine alacak büyüklükteydi. Ele
geçirilen seramik parçalarına göre MÖ 3. yüzyılda Atarneus’un refah içinde bir
kent olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Krallık merkezi Pergamon'un Atarneus'un önemini
azaltıcı faaliyetleri sonucunda kent gittikçe güç kaybetmiş ve Pergamon’un egemenliğine
girdikten sonra Bakırçay Ovası’nın kuzeyinde krallığın askeri noktası olarak
hizmet vermeye mahkûm edilmiştir. MÖ 1. yüzyılda ise Atarneus kenti tamamen
terkedilmiştir.
DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARININ EKONOMİK KALKINMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞAŞMAZ Mahmut Ünsal , YAYLA Yunus Emre
Published: July 2018

Ekonomik kalkınma, bir ülkenin yaşam koşulları ve ülkede
yaşayan bireylerin refah seviyeleri ile ilgili bir kavramdır. Ekonomik kalkınma
sürecinde genellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler tasarruf oranı düşüklüğü nedeniyle
yatırımlar konusunda ciddi problemlerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu gibi
sebeplerden dolayı doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları gelişmekte olan ülkeler
açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Panel Veri Analizi yöntemi
kullanılarak OECD üyesi 34 ülkede 2000-2016 yılları kapsamında doğrudan yabancı
sermaye yatırımları ile ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma
sonucunda doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile ekonomik kalkınma arasında
pozitif bir ilişki belirlenmiştir.
HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ZİHİNSEL ENGELLİ BİREYLERE YÖNELİK SOSYAL MESAFELERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDOĞAN Canan , ÇETİN Hüsamettin
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin
zihinsel engelli bireylere yönelik sosyal mesafelerini incelemek  amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, Hemşirelik
Bölümüne devam eden 129 birinci ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencisiyle nicel araştırma tekniklerinden
tarama araştırması kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların demografik
özelliklerini belirlemek için “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, zihinsel engelli bireylere
yönelik sosyal mesafelerini belirlemek için de “Sosyal Mesafe Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Katılımcıların ortalama sosyal mesafeleri değerlendirildiğinde zihinsel
engellilere yönelik sosyal mesafelerinin var olduğu,
ancak düşük bir sosyal mesafeye sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Araştırmanın
bulgularına göre; yaş, cinsiyet, devam edilen sınıf, zihinsel engelli yakına
sahip olma durumu ve zihinsel engelliliğe dair eğitim alma durumuna göre sosyal
mesafenin değişmediği gözlenmiştir. Ancak zihinsel engelli hasta ile
çalıştığını ve zihinsel engelli bireylere dair bilgisi olduğu ifade eden
öğrencilerin diğerlerine göre daha az sosyal mesafesi olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde
edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, gerek müfredat programlarında yer alabilecek
zihinsel engelli bireylerle çalışma sürecine ilişkin derslerin/konuların gerekse
zihinsel engelli bireylerle çalışma deneyiminin,  hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sosyal mesafelerinin
azaltılmasına ve daha etkili iletişimin kurulmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
İSLAM PEYGAMBERİ
Authors: OCAK Merve
Published: July 2018

Muhammed Hamidullah'ın "İslam Peygamberi" isimli eserinin tanıtımıdır.
Adult mouse lung cell dissociation (on ice) v2
Authors: Potter Andrew
Published: July 2018

This protocol was used to dissociate adult (8-10 wk) mouse lung tissue. The entire procedure is carried out on ice (to reduce artifact gene expression changes) and takes about half an hour. The yield was 16,240 non-RBC/mg tissue with 87% viability.
Morphometric Parameters of the Corneal Flap after FemtoLASIK Using Various Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Doga A. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Semenov A. D. , Karimova A. N. , Kechin E. V. , Shormaz I. N.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:to make a comparison of the corneal flap parameters after the FemtoLASIK procedure using femtolaser systems Femto Visum (Russia) and Femto LDV Z6 (Switzerland).

Patients and methods.The study was carried out in 192 eyes from 192 patients with mild and moderate myopia who had undergone  FemtoLASIK prodecure. Group 1 (Femto Visum) included 98 eyes (n  = 98) on which flap were formed using femtolaser Femto Visum  (“Optosystems”, Russia), group 2 (Femto LDV Z6) included 94 eyes (n = 94) and Femto LDV Z6 was used (“Ziemer Ophthalmic  Systems AG”, Switzerland). The Femto Visum and Femto LDV Z6  groups were comparable in terms of pre-operative data (age, sex,  corneal curvature, central corneal thickness, sphere, cylinder,  spherical equivalent) (p > 0.05). The intended flap thickness was  100 μm and diameter was 9.0 mm in both groups. One month after  surgery the achieved flap thickness in the horizontal and vertical  meridians (14 measurement points) and the flap diameter in the  horizontal meridian were measured using Visante OCT (Carl Zeiss,  Germany), also we determined the shape of the flap and the mean  deviation of the values from morphometric parameters of the corneal flap relative to the intended values.

Results.In group 1 (Femto Visum), the total average thickness of  the flap was 98.89 ± 3.96 μm with the mean deviation 2.91 ± 2.91  μm, the mean flap diameter was 8.96 ± 0.13 mm with the mean  deviation 0.11 ± 0.07 mm, in group 2 (Femto LDV Z6) the same  parameters were 99.11 ± 3.89 μm, 2.99 ± 2.64 μm and 8.91 ± 0.14 mm, 0.13 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. The configuration of the corneal  flap was uniform in both groups. For all studied parameters it was no any statistically significant differences between studied groups (p >  0.05, Student’s t-test).

Conclusions.The Femto Visum and Femto LDV Z6 femtolaser systems allow to shape the uniform and highly predictable corneal  flap morphometric parameters, similar measurements were obtained from both systems.
Análisis de la evolución jurisprudencial del Consejo de Estado sobre la acción de tutela contra providencias judiciales en Colombia
Authors: Nader Orfale Linda Elena , Pérez De la Rosa Saúl Eduardo
Published: July 2018

El Consejo de Estado, como órgano de cierre de la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa, tiene el mismo nivel jerárquico que la Corte Constitucional, según lo dispuesto en el artículo 116 de la Constitución Política de Colombia. La Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado son órganos de la rama judicial autónomos e independientes. No obstante, la Corte ha conocido acerca de las acciones de tutela contra los fallos proferidos por el Consejo de Estado. Lo anterior ha ocasionado un conflicto de jurisdicciones entre estos dos cuerpos colegiados. Actualmente, en sus últimos fallos, el Consejo de Estado ha expresado que es procedente interponer esta acción contra una de sus providencias cuando estas vulneren derechos fundamentales
Cristianismo e Islam en retrospectiva
Authors: Buenahora Febres Jaime
Published: July 2018

Through the Second Millennium, the Europeans became the most powerful people of the world in political, economic and military terms, creating a tremendous disequilibrium in progress opportunities. Paradoxically, these Europeans got further apart from their spiritual values. This evolution, accelerated in the last centuries by the amazing technological inventions, had an enormous impact in the Middle East, where oil has simultaneously been a jewel and a tragedy. The western world witnessestoday the advance of the Islamic extremism, represented by groupslike Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. It is worthy to analyze in retrospective the impact of the Second Millennium in Christianity and Islam to better understand the similarities and differences between these two civilizations
De Hogere Burgerschool: onderwijs en emancipatie
Authors: Baneke David , Maas Ad
Published: July 2018

This paper is an introduction to the Studium issue De Hogere Burger School: onderwijs en emancipatie (the Higher Burger School: education and emancipation). Besides introducing the papers of this section, we provide a historiographic outline of this form of education, which was founded in 1863 and played an important role in the emancipation of the Dutch middle classes. The Higher Burger School is also reknowned for its role in the rise of the Dutch natural sciences. In the course of the twentieth century this school gradually became regarded as outdated. IIn 1968 it was replaced by new forms of secondary education.
De eerste inspecteurs van het middelbaar onderwijs. 'Het toezicht zal vooral op hem aankomen, het zal zijn onverdeelde zorg vorderen.'
Authors: Krüger Jenneke
Published: July 2018

The new Act on Secondary Education of 1863 contained a chapter on supervision of secondary schools. A system of local supervision by the council was combined with national supervision by a few inspectors. This paper discusses the work of the first three inspectors for secondary schools: Daniel Jan Steyn Parvé, Johannes Bosscha and Winand Staring.The inspectors were to visit all secondary schools, Higher Burger Schools (hbs) and others, to become and remain well-informed about the situation of those schools. They had additionally to stimulate the growth and the quality of secondary education and they were to inform and advise the Minister. Furthermore, the inspectors had an important role in the establishment of new schools, especially the hbs. During the first decades of the existence of the hbs they exerted a large influence on the development of the organisation and teaching of this new type of school. They had outspoken ideas on pedagogy, didactics, homework and other matters of relevance in education. Their influence had probably at least as much to do with their personalities as with their formal tasks.
Transport of AOPP-Albumin into Human Alveolar Epithelial A549 Cell
Authors: Kawami Masashi , Shimonakamura Tadashi , Yumoto Ryoko , Takano Mikihisa
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Alveolar clearance of proteins, such as albumin, plays an essential role in recovery from lung injuries. Albumin is known to be oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to generation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)-albumin in the alveolar lining fluid. In this study, we aimed to characterize the uptake of FITC-labeled AOPP-albumin (FITC-AOPP-albumin) into human alveolar epithelial cell line, A549. Methods. FITC-AOPP-albumin uptake into A549 cells and its effect of ROS generation was evaluated using fluorescence spectrometer and flow cytometry, respectively. Results. FITC-AOPP-albumin was taken up by A549 cells in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion, and showed saturation kinetics with a Km value of 0.37 mg/mL. The uptake of FITC-AOPP-albumin was suppressed by phenylarsine oxide, a clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, but not by indomethacin and nystatin, caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors, or 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride, a macropinocytosis inhibitor. AOPP-albumin induced ROS generation in A549 cells, suggesting that alveolar clearance of AOPP-albumin should be important to prevent further ROS generation. Conclusion. AOPP-albumin is transported into alveolar epithelial cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which may be important to prevent further ROS generation. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de resiliencia de 10 ítems de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en una muestra de desempleados
Authors: Fernández Valera Maria Magdalena , Meseguer de Pedro Mariano , Soler Sánchez María Isabel
Published: July 2018

El objetivo del estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (2003) en su versión reducida de 10 ítems desarrollada por Campbell-Stills y Stein (2010) y validada al español por Notario-Pacheco et al. (2011) en una muestra de 226 desempleados. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) que corroboró el modelo unifactorial. Siguiendo las aportaciones teóricas se propusieron las variables de salud psicológica, síntomas psicosomáticos y autoeficacia para analizar la validez de criterio. Las correlaciones entre las variables fueron estadísticamente significativas y siguieron la dirección teórica esperada. Se concluye que la versión española de 10 ítems de la CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para estimar la resiliencia en desempleados españoles.
Microgénesis y Ganzheitspsychologie: Una tradición olvidada
Authors: Fossa Pablo
Published: July 2018

Este artículo intenta profundizar la noción de microgénesis y su relevancia para el estudio de los fenómenos humanos. A través de una revisión histórica y una delimitación teórica del concepto se intenta presentar el trasfondo fenomenológico que le da origen. Con este objetivo se revisan los inicios del concepto realizando una descripción exhaustiva del despliegue microgenético como dimensión primera de la experiencia humana. Además, se realiza una revisión de los principales estudios microgenéticos de la historia de la psicología que han establecido una tendencia para estudios contemporáneos en microgénesis, diferenciándolos de estudios microanalíticos en psicología moderna, no genéticos en su orientación. Finalmente se enfatiza la importancia de reflotar la noción de microgénesis en investigación contemporánea destacando las importantes contribuciones que puede brindar al estudio de los fenómenos humanos.
Sobre a coevolução das estruturas comercial e tecnológica: teoria e evidência empírica
Authors: Barbosa de Carvalho Cecilia Menezes , Ruiz Ana Urraca
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar em que medida os padrões de especialização tecnológica coevoluem com os de especialização comercial. Para isso, o artigo assume que existe interdependência entre as estruturas produtiva, tecnológica e comercial e, portanto, os choques de demanda subjacentes aos processos de integração econômica gerarão impactos na estrutura tecnológica. A hipótese de coevolução é testada para 35 países e 38 setores no período de 1996 a 2013 por meio de estimações em dados em painel. Os resultados mostram que ambos os padrões (comercial e tecnológico) coevoluíram, especialmente nos setores mais intensivos em conhecimento, registrando-se um importante efeito demand pull nos setores mais internacionalizados. A ação das empresas multinacionais se revelou como um direcionador menor da evolução dos padrões de especialização tecnológica dos países hospedeiros. Entre os determinantes autônomos da especialização tecnológica, a cumulatividade parece jogar um papel crucial, enquanto a oportunidade tecnológica só se mostrou relevante nas indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais.
Os exercícios espirituais e a formação do jesuíta no século XVI
Authors: Prado Wilson da Silva , Hernandes Paulo Romualdo
Published: July 2018

Este estudo analisa a obra Exercícios Espirituais, que corresponde ao primeiro instrumento para a formação do jesuíta, tanto por ter sido o primeiro formulado por Loyola, o fundador da Companhia de Jesus, e com o qual arregimentou os primeiros membros, como também por corresponder à fase inicial na formação do jesuíta, sem a qual ele não pode tornar-se membro da ordem religiosa. Os Exercícios Espirituais foram estudados nesta pesquisa em sua singularidade de obra pedagógica, embora nessa perspectiva não deixamos de considerar que o produto didático pertence a uma totalidade dentro de seu contexto histórico, tais quais as transformações da estrutura social da Europa do século XVI que determinaram a nova formação do homem desse período e que foram afetadas e afetaram o Novo Mundo. Os Exercícios Espirituais se inscrevem no movimento de mudanças necessárias para a nova ordem de produção da existência, que exige um homem menos contemplativo, mais ativo na defesa e na propagação da fé cristã, e, sobretudo, católica. No entanto, no Novo Mundo, na América portuguesa, mais especificamente, a prática de exercícios espirituais encontrou dificuldades em decorrência de seu ambiente selvagem, totalmente diferente daquele dos colonizadores.
Grupos escolares no Norte Pioneiro do Paraná (1910-1971)
Authors: Ruckstadter Flávio Massami Martins
Published: July 2018

Este texto analisa a criação de grupos escolares no Norte Pioneiro do Paraná entre os anos de 1910 e 1971. O recorte temporal considera como ponto de partida o ano de começo das obras de construção do primeiro edifício destinado a abrigar uma escola deste tipo na região (o Grupo Escolar Custódio Raposo, de Jacarezinho) e como marco final o ano de promulgação da lei federal n. 5692, que deu início à extinção dessas escolas em todo o território nacional. Com base em documentação disponível no Arquivo Público e nos Núcleos Regionais de Educação do Estado do Paraná, foi possível produzir um guia de grupos escolares existentes no período e das fontes disponíveis para seu estudo histórico. Neste texto, apresentamos estes dados de maneira contextualizada, o que implicou analisar a criação dos grupos escolares e, por conseguinte, a institucionalização da educação primária na região como resultados de um movimento que é regional, e por isso apresenta suas especificidades locais, mas que não deve ser compreendido de forma desarticulada do processo nacional de interiorização da educação, como expressão e parte de um projeto sustentado a partir de um discurso de progresso e modernização, típico do período em questão.
Tree Species Diversity and Socio-economic Perspectives of the Urban (Food) Forest of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Nero Bertrand , Kwapong Nana Afranaa , Jatta Raymond , Fatunbi Oluwole
Published: July 2018

In Africa, 80% of households in urban areas are food insecure and is coupled with a dramatically changing urban food culture towards increased consumption of sugary and fatty foods. Consequently, incidences of obesity and undernourishment in many African cities are becoming escalating. Urban and peri-urban forestry emerges as a complementary measure to contribute towards elimination of urban hunger and improved nutritional security. However, there is scanty knowledge about the composition, diversity and socioeconomic contributions of urban food trees in African cities and this hinders policy discussions integrating urban forestry into the food security discourse. This paper examines the diversity and composition of the urban forest and food trees of Accra and sheds light on perceptions of urbanites regarding food tree cultivation and availability in the city. Using a mixed methods approach, about 105 respondents in six neighbourhoods of Accra were interviewed while over 200 100-m2 plots were surveyed across five land use types. Twenty-two out of the 70 woody species in Accra are edible. The food tree abundance in the city is about half of the total number of trees enumerated. The species richness and abundance of the edible trees and all trees in the city were significantly different among land use types (p<0.0001) and neighbourhood types (p<0.0001). The diversity of food bearing tree species was much higher in the poorer neighbourhoods than in the wealthier neighbourhoods. Respondents in wealthier neighbourhoods indicated that tree and fruit tree cover of the city was generally low and showed greater interests in cultivating fruit trees and expanding urban forest cover than poorer neighbourhoods. These findings demonstrate the need for urban food policy reforms that integrate urban grown tree foods in the urban food system/culture.
Functional Comparison of High and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan on Lipid Metabolism and Signals in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats
Authors: Liu Shing-Hwa , Chiu Chen-Yuan , Shi Ching-Ming , Chiang Meng-Tsan
Published: July 2018

The present study examined and compared the effects of high- and low-molecular weight (MW) chitosan, a nutraceutical, on intestinal and liver lipid metabolism in rats fed with high-fat diet. Both high- and low-MW chitosan decreased liver weight, elongated small intestine, improved the dysregulation of blood lipids and liver fat accumulation, and increased fecal lipid excretion in high-fat diet-fed rats. Supplementation of both high- and low-MW chitosan significantly inhibited the decreased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α protein expressions and the increased lipogenesis/cholesterogenesis-associated protein expressions (sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1c, SREBP2, and PPARγ) and the decreased apolipoprotein (Apo)E and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) protein expressions in the livers of high-fat diet-fed rats. Both high and low-MW chitosan supplementation could also suppress the increased MTTP protein expression and the decreased angiopoietin-like protein (Angptl)4 protein expression in the intestines of high-fat diet-fed rats. Comparison between high and low-MW chitosan, high-MW chitosan has a higher efficiency than low-MW chitosan on the inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption and the increase of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, which can improve liver lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.
Data Normalization in NMR-based Metabolomics
Authors: Zacharias Helena , Altenbuchinger Michael , Gronwald Wolfram
Published: July 2018

The aim of this article is to summarize recent bioinformatic and statistical developments applicable to NMR-based metabolomics. Extracting relevant information from large multivariate datasets by statistical data analysis strategies may be of considerable complexity. Typical tasks comprise for example classification of specimens, identification of differentially produced metabolites, and estimation of fold changes. In this context it is of prime importance to minimize contributions from unwanted biases and experimental variance prior to these analyses. This is the goal of data normalization. Therefore, special emphasize is given to different data normalization strategies. In the first part, we will discuss the requirements and the pros and cons for a variety of commonly applied strategies. In the second part, we will concentrate on possible solutions in case that the requirements for the standard strategies are not fulfilled. In the last part, very recent developments will be discussed that allow reliable estimation of metabolic signatures for sample classification without prior data normalization. In this contribution special emphasis will be given to techniques that have worked well in our hands.
A Method for Analysis and Visualization of Similar Hotspot Flow Patterns between Different Regional Groups
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Zhou Xingxing , Gu Xin , Ji Genlin , Tang Guoan
Published: July 2018

The interaction between different regions normally is reflected by the form of the stream. For example, the interaction of the flow of people and flow of information between different regions can reflect the structure of cities’ network, and also can reflect how the cities function and connect to each other. Since big data has become increasingly popular, it is much easier to acquire flow data for various types of individuals. Currently, it is a hot research topic to apply the regional interaction model, which is based on the summary level of individual flow data mining. So far, previous research on spatial interaction methods focused on point-to-point and area-to-area interaction patterns. However, there are a few scholars who study the hotspot interaction pattern between two regional groups with some predefined neighborhood relationship by starting with two regions. In this paper, a method for identifying a similar hotspot interaction pattern between two regional groups has been proposed, and the Geo-Information-Tupu methods are applied to visualize the interaction patterns. For an example of an empirical analysis, we discuss China’s air traffic flow data, so this method can be used to find and analyze any hotspot interaction patterns between regional groups with adjoining relationships across China. Our research results indicate that this method is efficient in identifying hotspot interaction flow patterns between regional groups. Moreover, it can be applied to any analysis of flow space that is used to excavate regional group hotspot interaction patterns.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE HEART RATE CONTROL IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY MONITORING OF THE DIGOXIN CONCENTRATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Zadvorev S. F. , Yakovlev A. A. , Pushkin A. S. , Rukavishnikova S. A. , Filippov A. E. , Obrezan A. G.
Published: July 2018

Background. Digoxin takes important place in the management of patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Monitoring of serum digoxin concentration (SDC) seems to be perspective way to improve the safety and efficacy of treatment. At the same time, there are no generally accepted reference ranges for SDC, especially in terms of the onset of therapy.

Aim. To evaluate the potential contribution of SDC monitoring in the context of efficacy of AF treatment with the use of digoxin in elderly patients.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment of patients with recent-onset (n=91) or permanent (n=58) AF was performed. In all cases, the strategy of heart rate (HR) control was realized, including treatment with digoxin in 104 cases. SDC was measured twice during the digitalization: 20 hours after the first digoxin dose, and at the endpoint (time of sinus rhythm spontaneous restoration or, if the rhythm not restored, on day 7 of AF persistence).

Results. The influence of digoxin on HR was dose-dependent since the 1st week of therapy, and the SDC dynamics was strictly associated with change in HR (r=-0.66, p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the probability of the sinus rhythm restoration due to digoxin therapy and the SDC: its probability in high SDC was significantly lower compared to other approaches to the HR control (0% vs 76% in beta-blocker monotherapy; and vs 100% in therapy with beta-blocker + lower-SDC, p=0.036). In patients with persisted AF and low SDC, the digoxin was withdrawn more often due to lack of clinical efficiency.

Conclusions. The SDC monitoring at the 1st week of digitalization could be used to improve the efficacy of therapy and to minimize the risks of spontaneous rhythm restoration, if not desired, and to reveal the disproportion between its high dose and low efficacy. The role of this diagnostic tool seems to be limited to safety control and negative predictive value for efficacy (the lower concentration, the higher risk of inefficiency), whereas its positive predictive value in terms of efficacy seems contradictory. The obtained data could be used for decision-making for recommendation of longterm digoxin usage if its contribution into HR control is doubtful.
CAROTID ARTERY STENTING IN A PATIENT WITH SINUS BRADYCARDIA: CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Bulgakova E. S. , Tvorogova T. V. , Rudenko B. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2018

Syndrome of hemodynamic depression is a frequent complication of the carotid artery endovascular intervention and, as a rule, is transient in nature. This article presents a clinical case of carotid artery stenting in a 63-year-old patient. The specific feature of this patient was the initial sinoatrial node dysfunction as a permanent sinus bradycardia. The examination verified multisite atherosclerosis, including coronary artery stenosis, manifested by the presence of stable angina, without history of myocardial infarction. Therefore, coronary endovascular treatment was firstly performed. Reexamination after coronary blood flow restoration revealed stable sinus bradycardia persistence without any positive or negative changes. According to anamnesis, examination and instrumental diagnostic results, indications for permanent cardiac pacing were not identified. Carotid artery stenting after the necessary preventive measures was successful. The article also considers possible risk factors of significant perioperative bradycardia during carotid angioplasty with stenting and measures preventing cardiac conduction perioperative worsening.