bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the pH and Salinity Values for Paddy Field Area in East Coast Malaysia using Kriging Interpolation Technique
Authors: Mohd Rapi Nor Fakira Alia , Mohd Asri Nur Asma Amirah , Mohd Sani Maizura , Mat Isa Naimah
Published: November 2021

In paddy farming, the condition of soil is one of the important factors to promote a healthy growing plant. Certain pH and salinity levels are required in order to have soil condition which suits the microorganism life and promotes nutrient opportunity to the plant. Currently, the method used to identify the pH and salinity levels of the soil is by embedding a sensor on the soil which requires cost and time. Furthermore, it will only show the pH and salinity values at only one point and there are limitations if the area of interest is difficult to be accessed. In this research, a method was studied by using Kriging interpolation technique to map soil salinity and pH near Kelantan and Terengganu paddy cultivation area. Ground truth data were pre-processed to generate an image model mapping which consists of acidity, neutral, alkalinity and level of salinity at coordinates of interest using ArcGIS Pro software. As a result, the estimated pH and salinity value range were between 3.9 to 5.9 and 0.48 to 0.71 ds m-1 respectively. To test the accuracy of the model, analysis of RMSE was done for pH (0.854) and salinity (0.057). This research shall contribute as a preliminary study to model the soil pH and salinity values for monitoring purpose and as an aid to the farmers.
Gender Gap in Mindfulness Assessment Among Italian Nurses: A Pilot Descriptive Study
Authors: Vitale Elsa
Published: November 2021

"Purpose: The present study aimed to explore gender differences in the
mindfulness tendency, specifically in the awareness and attention
dimensions and also in the observing, describing, acting with awareness and
accepting without judgement in Italian nurses.
Methods: In June 2020 an on-line questionnaire was administered to nurses
in order to analyze any differences both in the Mindfulness Attention
Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills
(KIMS) according to gender variable.
Findings: 200 questionnaires were collected. Findings showed significant
higher MAAS total score in males than females (p=.004). Additionally, by
considering the four sub dimensions in the Mindfulness tendency, females
reported significant higher levels in some items of “Observe” (p=.004) and
“Act with awareness” (p=.001) than males, while males reported significant
higher scores in the “Accept without judgement” than females (p<.001).
Conclusions: The present study was a pilot research on exploring gender
differences in mindfulness in Italian nurses in order to hope that it will be
only the beginning of empirical research on this topic and to better address
future mindfulness training courses addressed to nurses by emphasizing
certain aspects of mindfulness for females compared to males and vice versa."
Iron Homeostasis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, UCMS & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India, Kumar Kuldeep
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Serum ferritin correlates with hepatic iron deposition in patients with Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Iron removal improves insulin sensitivity thereby delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, improves liver function and NAFLD histology. Objectives: This study was done to assess the iron status in NAFLD patients and its association with fibrosis and metabolic syndrome in NAFLD. Material and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, GTB Hospital, Delhi from November 2017 - October 2019. It was an Analytical, comparative study. Forty patients with NAFLD were selected in the study group and forty healthy subjects with no evidence of fatty liver on ultrasound were selected in the control group. The level of iron parameters recorded in NAFLD patients and the control group were compared using independent t test and p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Assessment of association of various parameters of iron status with the presence of Metabolic Syndrome and fibrosis in NAFLD patients was done using the Chi-Square test. Result: The parameters of iron status namely serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and serum hepcidin were found to be higher in NAFLD patients when compared to controls. This study also observed that there was a statistically significant positive association of serum ferritin with the presence of MetS in NAFLD patients. The study also found that serum hepcidin and serum ferritin have a significant positive association with fibrosis in NAFLD. Discussion: Assessment of iron status in NAFLD may help in early identification of individuals at high risk of fibrosis and other complications like Mets. Application of iron removal strategies like phlebotomy in such patients might improve IR and NAFLD.
The influence of growth regulators and explant position on the growth and development of Mandevilla sanderi (Hemsl.) Woodson in vitro
Authors: Kozak Danuta , Parzymies Marzena , Świstowska Alicja , Marcinek Barbara , Pogroszewska Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

Mandevilla is a valuable ornamental pot vine. However, due to a low propagation rate, it is difficult to keep up with the demand. Micropropagation would allow to produce lots of plants for the market. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the growth regulators addition to the media and explants orientation on multiplication of Mandevilla sanderi, an exotic, ornamental pot plant. The shoot tips were placed vertically or horizontally on the Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) or isopentenyladenine (2iP), at concentrations of 1, 2.5 or 5 mg·dm–3 singly or in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentrations of 0.01, 0.025 or 0.05 mg·dm–3. Maximum multiplication rate was noted on the media supplemented with 2.5 mg·dm–3 2iP + 0.025 mg·dm–3 TDZ or 5 mg·dm–3 2iP, when explants were placed horizontally. All the treatments resulted in callus formation. Medium supplemented with the highest concentration of BA combined with TDZ was the most active in callus growth.
Olive antioxidants under climatic conditions
Authors: Saidana Naija Dhouha , Ben Mansour Gueddes Samia , Cheraief Imed , Ben Mariem Fathy , Ghariani Wafa , Braham Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Climate change has become a widespread serious phenomenon. Its effects are related to variability in local climates rather than in global climatic patterns. Mediterranean countries are the most concerned where olive tree constitutes one of the most dynamic cultivations. This work focuses on the research for new indicators of the adaptation of the olive tree to several climatic conditions. ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’ represent the primary Tunisian olive tree cultivars. To adapt to different climatic conditions characterizing the north, the center and the south of the country (superior semiarid, inferior semiarid and inferior arid respectively), these varieties synthesize many interesting compounds that have been screened and compared. Indeed, the methanolic extracts from ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’ leaves have been tested for their antioxidant activities. The chemical compositions of the extracts have been quantified in antioxidants. Both ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’ exhibited a significant antioxidant activity, reaching 90%. However, Chemlali activity was more important in the inferior semiarid (80%) and in the inferior arid (70%), while ‘Chetoui’ activity was more significant in the superior semiarid and in the inferior arid. Total phenols of ‘Chemlali’ showed a triple content in the inferior arid comparatively to the superior semiarid. Additionally, flavonoids, o-diphenols, saponin and carotenoids of ‘Chemlali’ increased significantly in this area as opposed to those of ‘Chetoui’. 2(3H) 5-methyl furanone, 4-vinyl methoxyphenol, and hexadecanoic acid known for their antioxidant activity and many others have been identified in these varieties.
BIOKOMPATIBILITAS BAHAN KAPING PULPA (Tinjauan Pustaka)
Authors: Hanafi Muhammad Garry Syahrizal , Izham Andi , Harismanto Harismanto , Bahtiar Endang Winiarti
Published: November 2021

Bahan pelindung pulpa yang mampu untuk mempertahankan vitalitas pulpa diperlukan pada kasus-kasus terbukanya pulpa, baik yang disebabkan oleh karena karies, trauma, atau faktor iatrogenik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan pelindung pulpa yang mampu untuk mempertahankan vitalitas pulpa tersebut. Bahan pelindung pulpa ini akan berkontak dengan jaringan hidup, yaitu pulpa, maka bahan yang digunakan harus memiliki sifat biokompatibel terhadap jaringan tubuh manusia. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji parameter yang digunakan sebagai penentu biokompatibilitas bahan kaping pulpa yang sering digunakan di klinis, seperti Kalsium Hidroksida, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, BioAggregate, Biodentine dan Nano-Hidroksiapatit berdasarkan penelitian yang dilaporkan. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah seluruh bahan kaping pulpa memiliki sifat biokompatibilitas yang baik, dengan tingkat biokompatibilitas terbaik dimiliki oleh BioAggregate, Biodentine, MTA, diikuti Nano-HA dan Kalsium Hidroksida.
Hubungan Kehilangan Gigi Sebagian Terhadap Status Gizi dan Kualitas Hidup di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai Tahun 2020
Authors: Hasibuan Windy Widya , Putranti Dwi Tjahyaning
Published: November 2021

Kehilangan gigi sebagian pada lansia dalam waktu yang lama dan tidak digantikan dengan gigi palsuakan menyebabkan penurunan fungsi mastikasi yang akan menyebabkan penurunan pada status gizi dankualitas hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kehilangan gigi sebagianterhadap status gizi dan kualitas hidup lansia yang tinggal di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjaipada tahun 2020. Jenis penelitiannya adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampelpenelitian adalah 67 lansia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan rongga mulut,pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan dan pengisian kuesioner GOHAI. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kehilangan gigi sebagian terhadap statusgizi dan kualitas hidup lansia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai Tahun 2020 berdasarkanjumlah gigi yang ada dan jumlah functional tooth units (FTUs) di rongga mulut p=0,0001 (p0,05).Jumlah gigi yang ada dan jumlah functional tooth units (FTUs) di rongga mulut berhubungan penurunankemampuan mastikasi dan menyebabkan status gizi dan kualitas hidup pada lansia.
POTENSI MUKOBIOADHESIF EKSTRAK GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir) TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA NYERI DAN DURASI PENYEMBUHAN LESI ULSERASI RONGGA MULUT
Authors: Dewi Siti Rusdiana Puspa , Handayani Pudji , Hestiningsih Tyas , Destriarum Destriarum , Sari Adelina Putri
Published: November 2021

Lesi ulserasi merupakan penyakit jaringan lunak mulut yang banyak dijumpai. Pendekatan perawatan terhadap lesi ulserasi dengan menggunakan bioadhesif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan efek terapi maksimal dari suatu zat aktif. Tanaman gambir (Uncaria gambir) adalah suatu jenis tumbuhan yang banyak dikembangkan sebagai obat herbal karena memiliki senyawa aktif seperti katekin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek mukobioadhesif ekstrak gambir terhadap penurunan rasa nyeri dan durasi penyembuhan pada lesi ulserasi rongga mulut. Desain penelitian ini adalah pretest-posttest control group. 24 sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok yang diberi mukobioadhesif ekstrak gambir dan kelompok yang diberi mukobioadhesif plasebo selama 7 hari dengan aturan pakai 3 kali sehari. Tingkat keparahan rasa sakit yang diukur dengan skala VAS, luas lesi ulserasi, dan durasi penyembuhan dievaluasi dan dianalisis dengan SPSS ver. 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mukobiadhesif ekstrak gambir mampu mengurangi rasa sakit yang ditandai dengan penurunan skor VAS secara signifikan (p0,05) dan luas lesi yang ditandai dengan menurunnya rata-rata diameter lesi, serta mampu menurunkan durasi penyembuhan secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan plasebo. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penatalaksanaan mukobioadhesif ekstrak gambir berpotensi dalam mengurangi rasa sakit dan mempercepat penyembuhan lesi ulserasi rongga mulut.
А. П. МАРТЫНЕНКО. ПРАВА НАРОДОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВЕ
Authors: Тузмухамедов Р. А.
Published: November 2021

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ООН НА РУБЕЖЕ ВЕКОВ (к 50-летию ООН)
Authors: Морозов Г. И.
Published: November 2021

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СООТНОШЕНИЕ И ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРАВА И РОССИЙСКАЯ КОНСТИТУЦИЯ
Authors: Усенко Е. Т.
Published: November 2021

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ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ ВООРУЖЕНИЙ В КОСМИЧЕСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ
Authors: Никитин В. А.
Published: November 2021

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Direitos e garantias constitucionais do transexual: direitos sociais, seguridade e previdência social
Authors: Maciel Pinheiro Pereira Carlos André , Petrovich Bezerra Fabiano César , Delaveiga de Miranda Karina
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem o intuito de discutir a os direitos e garantias constitucionais da pessoa transexual, e seu reflexo na seara previdenciária. Esse estudo é desenvolvido de forma qualitativa, através do método dedutivo, bem como, o método comparativo. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com uso de fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Compreende sobre a sexualidade biológica, a identidade de gênero e as diferenças entre as pessoas cisgêneros, transgêneros, transexuais, travestis e não binários, bem como, explica a batalha da pessoa trans em busca da despatolização da transexualidade, qual após 28 anos de luta foi retirada do CID 10, rol que classificava a transexualide como doença mental, passando então ser classificada como CID 11, titulada de incongruência de gênero. Entende os direitos e garantias constitucionais das pessoas trans, uma vez que o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não dispõe de lei específica que os assegure, assim como compreende o julgamento que tornou possível a alteração de nome e gênero no registro civil por meio administrativo, sem que fosse necessário ter como requisito a cirurgia de mudança de sexo, como também, pontua os requisitos necessários para que seja realizado esse tipo de procedimento cirúrgico. Ao final, no campo previdenciário compreende que embora tenham ocorrido diversos avanços no Brasil sobre o tema da transexualidade, ainda falta muito a ser alcançado, uma vez que por não dispor de lei específica, o transexual que busca se aposentar após a mudança de gênero enfrenta desafios, tendo muitas vezes buscar o judiciário para resolver o conflito.
As Constituições federais de 1824 e 1891 e seus reflexos na exclusão social do negro no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Maia Guilherme Aparecido da Silva
Published: November 2021

O artigo proporciona uma perspectiva histórico-legislativa da posição do negro no Brasil, a partir da Constituição Imperial de 1824 e da Republicana de 1891, influenciadas pelo eurocentrismo e pelo gobinismo. A partir delas, os negros foram excluídos das políticas de ocupação de terras no Brasil, do acesso ao conhecimento e acesso ao legislativo. O entendimento de que o negro era objeto e não sujeito de direitos prevalecia. A metodologia adotada foi de Revisão Sistemática. Os resultados apontaram que na Constituinte de 1824, os artigos 254 e 265, que dariam a possibilidade de firmar contratos de trabalho e acesso à educação foram retirados, restando aos negros somente a exclusão social. A Constituição de 1891 ainda excluiu o negro do processo eleitoral, ao negar-lhe a possibilidade de ser votado. As consequências desse racismo legislativo foi a marginalização. Somente a partir de 1988, com a Constituição Cidadã, esse quadro foi alterado.
Desnaturalizando os privilégios: o discurso dos livros didáticos de Sociologia sobre as desigualdades sociais
Authors: Melo Valci
Published: November 2021

O artigo analisa o discurso dos livros didáticos de Sociologia acerca das desigualdades sociais. A investigação se deu à luz da Análise do Discurso pecheutiana, em sintonia com as contribuições teóricas de Georg Lukács acerca da ideologia. Ao longo do texto, demonstra-se que os livros didáticos de Sociologia do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) de 2015 materializam um discurso de caracterização das desigualdades sociais como relações de privilégio, explorando sua origem, seus fundamentos e suas configurações sócio-históricas. Por fim, conclui-se que o discurso sobre as desigualdades sociais materializado nos livros didáticos de Sociologia oferece aos jovens estudantes brasileiros uma importante ferramenta para os embates teóricos e práticos da vida cotidiana.
CIE 246:2021 Colour Gamuts for Output Media
Authors:   CIE TC 8-13
Published: November 2021

This document provides guidance on methods for computing and communicating colour gamuts for output colour reproduction systems such as printers and displays. Different methods for defining a colour gamut boundary are reported. A procedure for describing the colour gamut of a reproduction system is explained. A step-by-step method for calculating the volume of colour gamut is provided along with the colour gamut metrics for comparing two colour gamuts.-\n--\n-The document describes methods for visualization of a 3D colour gamut surface. A set of information required for reporting a colour gamut has been developed. Different methods of encoding a colour gamut boundary description are mentioned. Examples for the CxF-based encoding of colour gamut boundary descriptors are provided as electronic attachments to this document. Keywords: colour gamut, reproduction system, printer, display, CxF-based encoding
Training and Integrating Public Service Interpreters in a Refugee Health Clinic: A Mixed-Method Approach to Evaluate an Innovative Program
Authors: Leanza Yvan , Rocque Rhéa , Brisset Camille , Gagnon Suzanne
Published: November 2021

Language barriers can harm refugees’ health, and trained interpreters are a solution to overcome these barriers in all health consultations. This study trained interpreters and integrated them in a refugee clinic. Nepali-speaking migrants were recruited and underwent 50 hours of training to serve as interpreters for recently arrived Bhutanese refugees in Quebec City. To evaluate the project, mixed data were collected. At baseline and follow-up, patients’ health (as perceived by practitioners) and satisfaction were evaluated. Interpreters and practitioners were also interviewed and took part in joint discussion workshops. Patients’ health remained stable but, interestingly, patients were slightly less satisfied at follow-up. Practitioners and interpreters described both benefits and difficulties of the program. For example, integrating interpreters within the clinical team allowed for better collaboration and mutual knowledge of cultures. Challenges included work overload, conflicts between interpreters and practitioners, and role conflicts for interpreters. Overall, the full-time integration of trained interpreters in the clinic facilitated communication and case administration. This practice could be especially beneficial for refugee clients. In future interventions, interpreter roles should be better clarified to patients and practitioners, and particular attention should be paid to selection criteria for interpreters.
Damage Control Surgery for Thoracic Outlet Vascular Injuries: The New Resuscitative Median Sternotomy Plus Endovascular Aortic Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta Approach
Authors: Parra Michael , Ordoñez Carlos Alberto , Pino Luis Fernando , Millan Mauricio , Caicedo Yaset , Bucheli Victor Rafael , Garcia Alberto , Gonzalez-Hadad Adolfo , Salcedo Alexander , Serna Jose Julian , Quintero Laureano , Herrera Mario Alain , Hernandez Fabian , Rodriguez Fernando
Published: November 2021

Thoracic vascular trauma is associated with high mortality and is the second most common cause of death in patients with trauma following head injuries. Less than 25% of patients with a thoracic vascular injury arrive alive to the hospital and more than 50% of these die within the first 24 hours. Thoracic trauma with the involvement of the great vessels is a surgical challenge due to the complex and restricted anatomy of these structures and its association with adjacent organ damage. The aim of this article is to delineate the experience obtained in the surgical management of thoracic vascular injuries via the creation of a practical algorithm that includes basic principles of damage control surgery. We have been able to show that the early application of a resuscitative median sternotomy together with Zone I resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in hemodynamically unstable patients with thoracic outlet vascular injuries improves survival by providing rapid stabilization of central aortic pressure and serving as a bridge to hemorrhage control. Damage control surgery principles should also be implemented when indicated followed by definitive repair once the correction of the lethal diamond has been achieved. To this end, we have developed a six-step management algorithm that illustrates the surgical care of patients with thoracic outlet vascular injuries according to the American Association of the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification.
The Influence of Political Discourse on the Formation of the Language Personality of a Politician
Authors: Alexeyev A. B.
Published: November 2021

The current paper sums up the results of the dissertation research conducted by the author at the Moscow Region State University which was supervised by Professor Ye. A. Sorokina, Doctor of Philology. The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by anthropocentrism of modern linguistics which manifests itself in progressive development of personology, including linguistic personology and political linguistic personology as one of the emerging scientific disciplines that is not yet fully separated from political linguistics. This article looks at some new issues of political linguistics, one of which is the notion of linguopersoneme, and suggests several types of linguisticpersonemes: the mythmaker, the actor, the alarmist, the gentleman (the lady), the aggressor, and the marginal. Most of these notions and terms were used in our previous articles and yet it is only now that we present a more or less holistic vision of the complex and versatile phenomenon of the language personality of a politician. In our opinion, the language personality of a politician is a variety of a creative professional language personality, to some extent comparable to the people working in such professional spheres as show business, sport, art, etc. The language personality of a politician is formed in political discourse, as follows from the sociological theories by P. Bourdieu and M. Foucault. It was found that the main characteristics of political discourse manifest themselves in the politician’s language personality in a specific way, thus forming its structure, which up to this moment was predominately described in terms of Yu. N. Karaulov’s influential theory. These are verbal-semantic, cognitive and pragmatic levels of the language personality.
The Adaptation of Loan Interjection wow in the Russian Language through the Prism of Modern Explanatory Dictionary: From Slang to Everyday Speech, from Everyday Speech to Terminology
Authors: Tkacheva I. O.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the adaptation process of the loan interjection wow that was borrowed into Russian from American English in the early 1990s and at first was mostly used as slang, but later on it entered everyday speech. The research is carried out as a part of the project aimed at exploring the lexis of the modern Russian language, i.e. its main functional and chronological varieties and lexical categories with the use of “The Dictionary of the 21st Century Russian Language”. The novelty and specificity of the investigation lies in a comprehensive study of Russian lexis using a new approach “from dictionary to language” in contrast to the traditional one “from language to dictionary”. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the potential of this principle in practice, that is to describe some interesting phenomena in modern Russian using the material of several entries, – namely вау (wow), вау- (wow-), вау-эффект (wow effect), вау-фактор (wow factor) – selected from the dictionary mentioned above. This series clearly demonstrates the phenomena typical of modern Russian, that is the blurring of the boundaries between colloquial speech and other stylistic registers and the active interpenetration of words from one stylistic variety to another. The analysis of the dictionary entries revealed the gradual process of penetration of the interjection wow into the Russian language through its adaptation. It may be converted into a noun, a predicative or an analytic adjective, it may be reduplicated to indicate the intensity of surprise/ admiration, it may be used as a productive derivational element and even as a component of some special terms. This process is extraordinary for the Russian language, since, firstly, it affects one of the most stable groups of lexical items, and secondly, it is associated with acquiring a terminological meaning by a word component initially used as an exclamation to express a certain emotion. These new linguistic processes are largely due to the influence of the English language. This influence is so great that we can observe not only an active penetration of the Anglo-American interjection wow into the Russian everyday speech – emotive interjections were hardly ever borrowed – but also its integration into the Russian word-formation system.
Síndrome de Burnout nos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Melo Sofia Visioli , Strobel Ana Sophia Petry , Benevenuto Soares Beatriz Fontes Pereira Carneiro , Bastos Beatriz Souza , Silva Iane Camila Costa , Silveira Luís Fellipe Zanon da , Lelis Luiz Otávio Siqueira Junqueira , Burlá Marina Mordehachvili , Lacerda Letícia Soares de , Reis Bruno Cezario Costa
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o aumento de casos de Síndrome de Burnout entre os profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia do COVID-19, identificando seus efeitos, causas, consequências e prevenção. Revisão bibliográfica: O Burnout pode ser entendido como uma reação ao estresse excessivo ao ambiente profissional. As razões que desencadeiam a Síndrome de Burnout estão compreendidas entre os conflitos interpessoais, o desgaste psicológico e o baixo suporte emocional. Com a eclosão da pandemia da COVID-19, revelaram-se novos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de Burnout. Entre as principais causas estão o medo do colaborador em ser estigmatizado socialmente por sua atuação direta com o vírus e a preocupação contínua em transmitir a doença para seus familiares. O isolamento social e a necessidade do afastamento familiar impostos pela condição sanitária agravou o esgotamento laboral, já que o suporte familiar e social foi visto como elementos protetores e de grande relevância na prevenção. Considerações finais: Esses profissionais desenvolveram ansiedade, depressão, insônia e outros quadros de estresse, levando-os ao aumento do desenvolvimento da Síndrome. Estudos do tema podem auxiliar no planejamento de ações de promoção da saúde.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer-induced burns: A harsh reality in current times
Authors: Gupta Deepti , More Amrita
Published: November 2021

Due to the recent coronavirus pandemic, there is a steep rise in the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) over the past few months. For them to be effective against microorganisms, the minimum recommended concentration of alcohol is 60%. This high alcohol content makes the sanitizers easily flammable. Although, they are extremely convenient to use, they can also prove to be a hazard if used in an improper manner. Guidelines have been published for safe manufacturing and distribution of these sanitizers. There are recommendations for storage and use, which should be adhered to in a strict manner. Their use by children should always be supervised. We report four cases of burn injuries caused by injudicious use of alcohol-based sanitizers. The flammable nature of ABHSs can also be exploited as witnessed in one of our cases. With this report, we wish to emphasize that judicious and correct use of these seemingly benign products is essential.
Groundwater Conservation Strategy Based on Water Balance at Muarabungo Groundwater Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Barkah Mochamad Nursiyam , Hani Fauziyah , Suganda Bombom Rachmat , Iman Munib Ikhwatun , Sunarie Cecep Yandri , Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi
Published: November 2021

Muarabungo Groundwater Basin,is locateed in Jambi and West Sumatra Province. Based on the four rainfall stations in Muaratebo, Dusun Rantau Pandan, Sungai Bengkal and Komplek Pengairan PU Station recorded in 2008 to 2011, the precipitation (ppt) in study area is 1799.09 mm/year. Value of evapotranspiration (Evpt) in the study area is equal to 1261.26 mm / year (70.1%). Groundwater Basin of Muarabungo has an infiltration debit of 2,516,791,750 m3 / year and run-off debit (Ro) of 798 042 638 m3 / year. Rock composer in the Muarabungo Groundwater Basin are dominated by Alluvium Deposition, Quaternary rocks, and also the surrounding areas are composed by igneous and metamorphic rocks. Aquifer with a good productvity can be found on Alluvium and sedimentary rocks such as tuff sandy, whereas region without exploitable groundwater are composed by igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. Based on groundwater quality, Groundwater Basin is divided into 13 facies, namely Ca; Cl, ​​Mg; Cl, ​​Na + K, Cl, Ca; HCO3, Mg; HCO3, Na + K; HCO3, Ca; No. dominant type, Mg; Nodominan type, Na + K; No. dominant type, No. dominant type; Cl, ​​No. dominant type; HCO3, Nodominan type; SO4, and No. dominant type; No. dominant type. The result of water balance measurement in research area is used to show the areas for crisis and secure area. The water balance calculation and determining recharge and discharge areas are needed for developing conservation strategy.
Biometric similarity Test of The Population of T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaensis with T. (Zaria) javana as a Form of Phylogeny And Evolutionary Proximity
Authors: Pandita Hita , Apriani Ani
Published: November 2021

Biometric aspects in the Turritellidae family need to be studied as an important identification parameter. Zaria, which is one of the sub genera in the Turritellidae family, deserves to be tested in order to determine the feasibility of the biometric aspect as an identification parameter. This paper aims to provide an overview of the benefits of the biometric aspect as an identification parameter. The method used to re-identify the biometric and morphological aspects of the T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaensis population with T. (Zaria) javana. The results of the identification were carried out by a T-Test on the biometric aspect to see the similarity of the biometric aspects of the two populations. Based on the results of the T-Test on the parameters of the Wsut: Wang and Wsut: L ratio, it shows that the two Zaria species are the same. Meanwhile, from the morphological aspect, there is a slight difference in the early growth peripherals.
Quasi-Relativistic Calculation of EPR g-Tensors with Derivatives of the Decoupling Transformation, Gauge-Including Atomic Orbitals, and Magnetic Balance
Authors: Franzke Yannick J. , Yu Jason M.
Published: November 2021

We present an exact two-component (X2C) ansatz for the EPR g-tensor using gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs) and a magnetically balanced basis set expansion. In contrast to previous X2C and "fully" relativistic ansätze for the g-tensor, this implementation results in a gauge-origin invariant formalism. Furthermore, the derivatives of the relativistic decoupling matrix are considered to form the complete analytical derivative of the X2C Hamiltonian. To reduce the associated computational costs, we apply the diagonal local approximation to the unitary decoupling transformation (DLU) and the (multipole-accelerated) resolution of the identity approximation. The X2C ansatz is compared to Douglas-Kroll-Hess theory and the zeroth-order regular approximation for 11 diatomic molecules. The impact of the relativistic Hamiltonian, the basis set, and the density functional approximation is subsequently assessed for a set of 17 transition-metal complexes to complement our previous work on the hyperfine coupling constant [DOI: 10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-wnz1v-v2]. In total, 24 basis sets and 22 density functional approximations are considered. The quasi-relativistic X2C and DLU-X2C Hamiltonians accurately reproduce the results of the parent "fully" relativistic four-component theory when accounting for two-electron picture-change effects with the modified screened nuclear spin-orbit approximation in the respective one-electron integrals and integral derivatives. Generally, the uncontracted Dyall and segmented-contracted Karlsruhe x2c-type basis sets perform well when compared to large even-tempered basis sets. Moreover, (range-separated) hybrid density functional approximations are needed to match the experimental findings. Here, hybrids based on the meta -generalized gradient approximation are not an a priori improvement. Compared to the other computational parameters, the impact of the GIAOs and the magnetic balance on the actual results in standard calculations is less pronounced. Routine calculations of large molecules are possible with widely available and comparably low- cost hardware as demonstrated for [Pt(C6Cl5)4]− with 3360 basis functions and three spin-(1/2) La(II) and Lu(II) compounds. Both approaches based on a common gauge origin and GIAOs using triple- ζ basis sets lead to a good agreement with the experimental findings. The best agreement is found with hybrid functionals such as PBE0 and ωB97X-D.
Medium-Length Lipids Facilitate Cell-Permeability and Bioactivity
Authors: Morstein Johannes , Capecchi Alice , Hinnah Konstantin , Petit-Jacques Jerome , Reymond Jean-Louis , Trauner Dirk
Published: November 2021

The majority of bioactive molecules act on membrane proteins or intracellular targets and therefore needs to partition into or cross biological membranes. Natural products often exhibit lipid modifications to facilitate critical molecule-membrane interactions and in many cases their bioactivity is markedly reduced upon removal of a lipid group. However, despite its importance in nature, lipid-conjugation of small molecules is not commonly used in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, and the effect of such conjugation has not been systematically studied. To understand the composition of lipids found in natural products, we carried out a chemoinformatic characterization of the ‘natural product lipidome’. According to this analysis, lipidated natural products predominantly contain saturated linear medium-length lipids, which are significantly shorter than those found in membranes and lipidated proteins. To study the usefulness of such modifications in probe design, we systematically explored the effect of lipid conjugation on five different small molecule chemotypes and find that permeability, cellular retention, subcellular localization, and bioactivity can be significantly modulated depending on the type of lipid tail used. We demonstrate that medium-length lipid tails can render impermeable molecules cell-permeable and switch on their bioactivity. Saturated medium-length lipids (e.g. C10) are found to be ideal for the bioactivity of small molecules in mammalian cells, while saturated long-chain lipids (e.g. C18) often significantly reduce bioavailability and activity. Together, our findings suggest that conjugation of small molecules with medium-length lipids could be a powerful strategy for the design of probes and drugs.
Comparison of coarse-grained and all-atom representations by explicit energy landscape explorations
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Monsavior Antoine , Pasquali Samuela , Roeder Konstantin
Published: November 2021

Computational studies of large molecular systems are often hindered by resource constraints, such as the available computational time. A common approach to reduce the computational cost is to use a coarse-grained description instead of an all-atom representation. However, such a simpli�cation requires careful consideration of the coarse-graining scheme to identify potential artefacts introduced and the limitations of the model. In this contribution, we use the computational energy landscape framework to explicitly explore the energy landscapes for a coarse-grained (HiRE-RNA) and an all-atom potential (AMBER) for an example system, the Aquifex aeolicus tmRNA pseudoknot PK1. The method provides insight into structural, thermodynamic and kinetic properties within a common framework, and allows for a comparison of a variety of commonly computed observables, demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. For the speci�c case study, we observe that both potentials exhibit a number of common features, highlighting that the coarse-grained model captures essential physical features of the system. Nonetheless, we observe shortcomings, and we demonstrate how our approach allows us to improve the model based on the insight obtained from the computational modelling.
Aldehyde-Catalyzed Carboxylate Exchange in a-Amino Acids with Isotopically Labeled CO2
Authors: Bsharat Odey , Doyle Michael , Munch Maxime , Mair Braeden , Cooze Christopher , Derdau Volker , Bauer Armin , Kong Duanyang , Rotstein Benjamin , Lundgren Rylan
Published: November 2021

a-Amino acids are among the essential chemical building blocks of life. These structures are embedded in many small molecule pharmaceuticals and are the primary components of peptide-based therapeutics and biologics. Isotopically labeled a-amino acids and their derivatives have widespread use in structural and mechanistic biochemistry, quantitative proteomics, absorption distribution metabolism and excretion (ADME) profiling, and as imaging agents in positron emission tomography (PET) techniques. The preparation of carbon-labeled a-amino acids remains difficult and time consuming, with established methods involving label incorporation at an early stage of synthesis. This explains the high cost and scarcity of C-labeled products and presents a major challenge in 11C applications (11C t1/2 = 20 min). Here we report that simple aldehydes catalyze the isotopic carboxylate exchange of native a-amino acids with *CO2 (* = 14, 13, 11). Proteinogenic a-amino acids and many non-natural variants containing diverse functional groups undergo labeling. The reaction likely proceeds via the trapping of *CO2 by imine-carboxylate intermediates to generate aminomalonates that are prone to monodecarboxylation. Tempering catalyst electrophilicity was key to preventing irreversible aldehyde consumption. The pre-generation of the imine carboxylate intermediate allows for the rapid and late-stage 11C-radiolabeling of a-amino acids in the presence of 11CO2.
Privatization of Law Enforcement
Authors: Konina Anastasia
Published: November 2021

The year 2020 ushered in growing calls to defund the police. In Canada, as in other countries where the movement to defund the police has gained momentum, activists demand transferring money from police departments to social workers, reducing the number of police officers, and increasing police departments’ democratic accountability. This last group of reform initiatives is, perhaps, the least controversial one because it calls for improving the familiar structures of democratic oversight over police departments, such as municipal councils, independent police oversight boards and complaints bodies, and others.

The demands for greater accountability of police departments to the public are a symptom of a deeper problem - there is a growing discrepancy between the goals of policing and the consequences of the police’s actions. This discrepancy materializes when the police’s attempts to ensure public safety result in the marginalization of racialized communities, particularly in larger cities across Canada. In order to understand why laudable policy goals lead to deeply problematic consequences, it is necessary to analyze the policing process in our cities. While it has traditionally been assumed that this process is left to the discretion of separate police departments, this paper demonstrates that externalities, such as data generated by private technologies, play an important role in undermining the goals of policing. Reliance on private data and technology does not absolve the police of accountability for resulting human rights violations. However, it has important implications for the reform of public oversight over the police. In an era when non-governmental actors are taking part in law enforcement through procurement contracts, democratic control over the exercise of the police’s contracting powers is an important, albeit often overlooked, instrument of police reform. Relying on contracts for predictive policing technologies as a case study, this paper argues that communities should condition the funding of police procurement on ex ante assessment procedures, technical specifications, and contract enforcement rights. Also, local elected representatives should have an opportunity to approve any data and technology sharing arrangements as well as federal standing offer arrangements that extend predictive policing to their communities.
Urban Warfare and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Bonaviri Gianluigi Mastandrea , El Debuch Hani
Published: November 2021

Urbanization is a relentless trend: while cities grow and expand, armed conflicts spill into urban areas, making cities the battlefields of our time. This has warranted the creation of new warfare tactics, which challenge the basic principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and cause devastating consequences to civilian population, hospitals, schools, infrastructures, and cultural heritage.After having secured a thorough definition of “urban warfare”, still lacking in international law, this paper will explore the legal and political consequences that this phenomenon entails, paying particular attention to the protection of urban cultural heritage.During urban warfare, cultural sites are often destroyed as specific military targets, especially by Armed Non-State Actors (i.e. Palmyra) or transformed into battlefields (i.e. Aleppo and the Damascus Citadels). Moreover, urban cultural heritage is increasingly suffering the reverberating effects of armed attacks, as shown in Sana’a, Mosul, Raqqa, Gaza, Sabratha, Lubumbashi and Donetsk.To contrast this scenario, a reassessment of local, national, and international regulations is required. The 1954 Hague Convention and its Protocols, together with the 1977 Additional Protocols to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, oblige States to guarantee the protection of cultural heritage but lack any specific provision concerning urban warfare, where it is actually more threatened.Guaranteeing accountability for perpetrators of violations is also crucial. With reference to the destruction of mausoleums in Timbuktu in 2012, the International Criminal Court referred to armed attacks against urban cultural heritage as a war crime for the first time. No other judgments like this were made by the ICC though, regardless of the letter of intent signed with UNESCO (2018), still poorly implemented to date.This paper sets out to outline innovative and concrete solutions to guarantee the protection of urban cultural heritage, particularly through a better implementation and/or a revision of the relevant local, national, and international regulations. It will also explore effective ways to strengthen accountability mechanisms, thereby guaranteeing deterrent effects to future violations. Lastly, the role of international and regional organizations will be analyzed, with a view to propose pioneering practices, such as the establishment of a permanent annual forum for cooperation.
COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE KOBİ’LERİN FİNANSAL GÖRÜNÜMÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: DENİZLİ TEKSTİL İŞLETMELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ESKİN İlknur
Published: November 2021

Küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ’ler), girişimcilik faaliyetleriyle ülkelerin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Ancak KOBİ'ler, krizlerin küresel finansal piyasaların üzerinde yarattığı ani ve şiddetli etkileri nedeniyle çeşitli sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu anlamda Covid-19 pandemisi, iş dünyasını ve ekonomiyi etkileyen yeni bir tehdittir. Küresel boyutta devam etmekte olduğu için, yarattığı etkilerin boyutları henüz tam olarak ortaya konulamamıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 sürecinde KOBİ’lerin finansal görünümünü ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Denizli İl’inde tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren KOBİ yöneticileriyle görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Covid-19’un tekstil sektöründeki işletmelere etkisinin işletmenin faaliyet konusuna ve iş modeline göre farklılık gösterdiği, sipariş üzerine üretim yapan bazı tekstil işletmelerinin siparişlerinin pandemi sürecinde askıya alındığı veya iptal edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun işletmelerin finansal görünümünde nakit, stoklar, ticari alacaklar, gelirler, borç / öz kaynak yapısı, gider ve maliyet kalemlerinin öne çıkmasına neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.
BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ROLLERİ: EĞİTİM YÖNETİMİ AÇISINDAN OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: HAMUTOĞLU Nazire Burçin , SEZEN-GÜLTEKİN Gözde , KIYICI Mübin
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) öğretmenlerinin mesleki, kişisel ve teknik özelliklerinin ele alınması ile okul yönetimindeki rollerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın temel problemi “Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin okul yönetimindeki yeri nedir?” sorusuna ilişkin okul yöneticilerinin görüşlerinin alınmasıdır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji desenine uygun olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada Sakarya ilindeki Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı devlet okullarında görev yapmakta olan 8 yöneticinin görüşleri araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin teknik bilgilerinin yanı sıra mesleki bilgileri ile de okulun etkili yönetilmesi noktasında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin okul yönetiminde kolaylaştırıcı bir rol oynadığı, bu durumun sadece teknik bilgileri ile değil; aynı zamanda mesleki ve kişisel yeterliklerinden de kaynaklı olduğu söylenebilir. Bu durumda eğitim politikaları kapsamında okullarda Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin sahip oldukları alan ve teknik bilgilerini uygulayabileceği pozisyonların oluşturulmasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin yönetsel süreçlere katkısının yanında, diğer paydaşlar ile işbirliği içerisinde çalışabilecekleri ortamları oluşturacağı ve diğer derslerde teknoloji entegrasyonunda öğretmenlerin sadece teknik açıdan değil aynı zamanda pedagojik açıdan da destek olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
KEMENÇE CULTURE AND TODAY’S PERFORMERS OF THIS CULTURE IN GÖRELE
Authors: DİZDAR Bilal
Published: November 2021

It can be observed that the loss of interest in traditional music culture compared to popular music culture and the simple creation and use of music videos on social media has caused the interest of the society to diverge from the traditional culture. The facts that this music has been protected for generations in Görele, which is located in the Eastern Black Sea region, and is a traditional music culture, increase the importance of the research. The aim of this study is to determine the transfer of the kemençe culture from the family, the rituals of the kemençe performance and the training methods. As a method, semi-structured questions were asked to 4 kemençe performers based on the Case Study (Case Study) and the findings were included in the interpretation of the answers. In the study, it was seen that the support of the family and social environment was great in acquiring the kemençe culture, but a written source as a method is needed for the kemençe performance education to continue for generations. It was concluded that the performers participating in the study followed similar schools, used the same style of repertoire and gained economic gain from their performance.