bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screw‐ Versus Cement‐Retained Restorations for Provisionalization of Implants
Authors: Ntounis Athanasios , Nguyen Michael , Pelekanos Stavros , O’Neal Sandra J. , Liu Perng‐Ru
Published: August 2012

Type of Case: The fabrication of provisional prostheses is a treatment modality that is used to support and develop soft‐tissue contours and improved health of a dental implant site before final restoration. The use of a provisional restoration may improve the esthetics and allow evaluation of the crown anatomy and soft‐tissue interface. Developing the crown and soft tissue in the provisional phase allows the practitioner, patient, and laboratory technician to evaluate the potential for achieving the desired outcome. This paper contrasts the two predominant methods for fabricating provisional restorations and assesses their use in implant dentistry.

Clinical Approach #1 (AN, MN, and SP): There is very limited evidence on selecting different types of connection for implant provisional restorations. Although basic restorative principles apply, the selection between screw‐ over cement‐retained provisional restorations is still based on empirical criteria. The use of cement‐retained provisional restorations provides superior esthetics, even when implant position is not favorable. Conversely, the use of screw‐retained provisionals eliminates the deleterious effects of cement. This approach aims to provide the indications for the different types of connection and to critically analyze their advantages and disadvantages.

Clinical Approach #2 (SJO and P‐RL): Provisional restoration of implants in the esthetic zone improves the retention of hard and soft tissues and results in overall improved esthetic. Additionally, the fabrication of a provisional at the time of implant placement is a patient‐centered treatment and shortens duration of treatment. This approach identifies important objectives for fabrication techniques. Various methods for fabricating cemented provisional prostheses are discussed, including numerous commercially available prefabricated abutments. The advantages and disadvantages are presented for each technique. Inherent technique difficulties and recommendations to avoid cement retention and timely fabrication are presented. Clinical scenarios are used to illustrate the inherent advantage of cemented restorations over screw‐retained approaches
Wells for welfare or illfare? Cost of groundwater depletion in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Palanisami K. , Vidhyavathi A. , Ranganathan C. R.
Published: August 2012

Groundwater depletion is experienced in several districts of Tamil Nadu state and Coimbatore district is heading in that direction. The average well failure rate is 47% for open wells and 9% for bore wells. The total cost of depletion for new wells varies from Rs 1,999 per ha to Rs 90,975 per ha. The electricity subsidy to the farmers has varied from Rs 22,621 per ha for coconut growers to Rs 25,498 per ha for banana growers as on 2004. The cost of irrigation per cubic metre (m3) is less on large farms. The average net return with free electricity varies from Rs 0.14 per m3 to Rs 1.38 per m3 and is drastically reduced when electricity is priced at an economic cost, i.e. Rs −1.15 to Rs −0.14 per m3. The shift in cropping pattern towards high value crops helped the farmers to some extent to bear the cost of externalities arising out of depletion. The social cost caused by groundwater overdraft is about Rs 554.3 million, which may increase when the well density increases further. Suggested policy options are to change the cropping pattern to less water-consuming crops, to invest in watershed development activities, to change inefficient pumpsets and to adopt well spacing norms.
Role of the sediments of two tropical dam reservoirs in the flux of metallic elements to the water column
Authors: Fonseca Rita , Patinha Carla , Barriga Fernando , Morais Manuela
Published: August 2012

In tropical climates, the high rainfall and temperature, throughout the annual cycle, allow high leaching rates of metallic elements from the basin upstream, which accumulate in the reservoirs. However, the concentration of these elements in natural waters is usually lower than expected, due to the ease of adsorption and co-precipitation in solid phases. We have studied two tropical dam reservoirs in Brazil, Três Marias (Minas Gerais) and Tucuruí (Pará), with the aim of understanding the correlation between physical–chemical parameters of the water column, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the accumulated material and the solubility, mobilization and precipitation of metals in reservoirs. Metals speciation performed in selected samples determined that metallic micronutrients are preferentially adsorbed or retained through precipitation/co-precipitation onto fine-size charged crystalline/amorphous Fe-oxides. Under the prevailing reducing and low pH conditions of the bottom reservoirs, some adsorbed metals (particularly Fe and Mn) are easily released from their metal bearing-phases and mobilized to the aqueous phase of sediments, which show high levels of soluble forms of these elements. However, the solubilization process and the release to the water column are not very extensive, as abundances of metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in water are low, although increasing with depth.
Are standard wastewater treatment plant design methods suitable for any municipal wastewater?
Authors: Insel G. , Güder B. , Güneş G. , Ubay Cokgor E.
Published: August 2012

The design and operational parameters of an activated sludge system were analyzed treating the municipal wastewaters in Istanbul. The design methods of ATV131, Metcalf & Eddy together with model simulations were compared with actual plant operational data. The activated sludge model parameters were determined using 3-month dynamic data for the biological nutrient removal plant. The ATV131 method yielded closer sludge production, total oxygen requirement and effluent nitrogen levels to the real plant after adopting correct influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) could not easily be predicted with ATV131 method due to low volatile fatty acids (VFA) potential.
Municipal wastewater treatment in Poland – efficiency, costs and returns to scale
Authors: Berbeka Krzysztof , Czajkowski Mikołaj , Markowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2012

This paper reports the costs of municipal wastewater collection and treatment in Poland. Our study provides detailed cost estimates for the collection and treatment of municipal wastewater, based on an empirical sample of 1,400 operators, who jointly collect and treat over 80% of wastewater in Poland. The unit costs of collection and treatment, and the nitrogen and phosphorus treatment efficiency were investigated, and the effects of plant capacity on unit costs (scale effects) were explored. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment cost functions were analysed econometrically using the Box–Cox regression model, indicating high non-linearity and significant scale effects. We found that wastewater treatment costs were increasing with technology efficiency (moving from the primary, through the secondary, to the tertiary treatment), and decreasing with higher wastewater treatment plant capacity. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of municipal wastewater treatment in Poland but potentially, as the technology is fairly generic, they can also be used for applications in other countries, after accounting for capital and labour cost differences. The paper thus provides a valuable input into cost–benefit analyses of nutrient loading reduction achieved by extending or intensifying municipal wastewater treatment.
Visualization of the missing role of hydrothermal interactions in a Japanese megalopolis for a win–win solution
Authors: Nakayama T.
Published: August 2012

The urban heat island effect has become a serious environmental problem with the expansion of cities and industrial areas. Prohibition of the use of groundwater has caused a further serious problem such as floating of subways, stations and buildings through an imbalance of the hydrologic cycle in a Japanese megalopolis. Most of the previous research has evaluated separately hydrologic and thermal cycles in atmospheric, land and water areas because of the complexity in this feedback mechanism. In this study, the author used the process-based National Integrated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology (NICE) model, which includes surface–unsaturated–saturated water processes coupled with the urban canopy and regional atmospheric models, to simulate the effect of urban geometry and anthropogenic exhaustion on the hydrothermal changes in the atmospheric/land areas of the Japanese megalopolis. The simulation was conducted with multi-scale in horizontal regional–urban-point levels and in vertical atmosphere–surface–unsaturated–saturated layers, and projected the effect of water resources use to ameliorate the heat island and its impact on the hydrologic change in the catchment. Finally, the author presented the procedure to visualize the missing role of hydrothermal interactions in atmospheric, land and water areas, which would be effective to recover a sound hydrologic cycle and to create thermally pleasing environments in an eco-conscious megalopolis.
Evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability of forage rice straw fertilized with livestock waste
Authors: Zhou Sheng , Iino Hiroshi , Nakashimada Yutaka , Hosomi Masaaki
Published: August 2012

Fertilizing livestock waste for forage rice production can remove nitrogen and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, rice straw can be used for biogas production. Here, the growth characteristics of different forage rice varieties in Japanese paddy fields fertilized with liquid cattle waste were investigated. Six experimental plots were established in a paddy field planted with three varieties of forage rice developed for livestock feed. Methane production potential assays were then conducted to investigate the anaerobic digestion characteristics of the stems and leaves of these three varieties. The total methane production potential of the Leafstar variety was higher than that of other varieties, while its lag phase was significantly shorter. Co-digestion of ethanol fermentation residue with Leafstar straw revealed that the NH4+-N concentration decreased as the C/N ratio increased. Additionally, the methane production potential of the mixed substrate was higher than that of ethanol fermentation residue or forage rice straw applied alone. Hence, Leafstar forage rice is a promising variety for establishment of agricultural resource recycling systems in which higher straw biomass can be achieved by applying liquid cattle waste and more biogas can be produced due to the potential for increased methane production.
Development of anammox reactor equipped with a degassing membrane to improve biomass retention
Authors: Matsunaga Kosuke , Kindaichi Tomonori , Ozaki Noriatsu , Ohashi Akiyoshi , Nakahara Yoshihito , Sasakawa Manabu
Published: August 2012

In up-flow anammox reactors, one of the contributing factors to biomass wash-out is the adherence of nitrogen gas produced by the anammox reaction to biomass. In this study, we operated an up-flow anammox reactor equipped with a degassing membrane to minimize the biomass wash-out from the reactor by separating the produced gas from the biomass. In addition, both the effect of degassing on the anammox reactor performance and the durability of the membrane submerged in the anammox reactor were investigated. The results show that the use of the degassing membrane in the anammox reactor could (1) improve the biomass retention ability (by separating the produced gas from the biomass), and (2) increase the component ratio of anammox bacteria in the reactor. In addition, degassing could reduce the N2O emission produced in the reactor (for the gas selectivity of the degassing membrane). No membrane fouling was observed even after 2 months of operation without washing, indicating an advantage to the use of the degassing membrane.
Traditional Risk Factors Alone Could Not Explain the Excess Mortality in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Regidor Enrique , Franch Josep , Seguí Mateu , Serrano Rosario , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Artola Sara
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

Individuals with diabetes have an excess mortality compared with people without diabetes. This study used a national cohort of older Spanish adults to identify possible factors explaining the relation between diabetes and excess mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cohort of 4,008 people ≥60 years of age was selected in 2000–2001 and followed prospectively until 2008. At baseline, data were collected on diabetes and major risk factors for mortality: social network, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and previous cardiovascular disease and cancer. Analyses were conducted with Cox regression with progressive adjustment for mortality risk factors.

RESULTS

In the study cohort, 667 people had diabetes. A total of 972 deaths occurred during follow-up. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for mortality in diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects, adjusted for age, marital status, education level, social class, medical consultation, and treatment with statins, angiotensin II antagonists, or aspirin, was 1.40 (1.11–1.76) in men and 1.70 (1.37–2.10) in women. Adjustment for additional risk factors produced little change in the HR. After adjustment for all risk factors, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, the mortality HR in diabetic versus nondiabetic individuals was 1.43 (1.12–1.82) in men and 1.67 (1.34–2.08) in women. The inclusion of lifestyles and diseases occurring during follow-up also produced little change in the relation between diabetes and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

The excess risk of mortality in diabetic versus nondiabetic individuals cannot be explained by mortality risk factors or by the presence of cardiovascular disease or cancer.
Progression of Vascular Calcification Is Increased With Statin Use in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Saremi Aramesh , Bahn Gideon , Reaven Peter D. ,   for the VADT Investigators
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of statin use on progression of vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic artery calcification (AAC) was assessed according to the frequency of statin use in 197 participants with T2DM.

RESULTS

After adjustment for baseline CAC and other confounders, progression of CAC was significantly higher in more frequent statin users than in less frequent users (mean ± SE, 8.2 ± 0.5 mm3 vs. 4.2 ± 1.1 mm3; P < 0.01). AAC progression was in general not significantly increased with more frequent statin use; in a subgroup of participants initially not receiving statins, however, progression of both CAC and AAC was significantly increased in frequent statin users.

CONCLUSIONS

More frequent statin use is associated with accelerated CAC in T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
Alternative Markers of Hyperglycemia and Risk of Diabetes
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Steffes Michael W. , Miller Edgar R. , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE

Fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) are of interest for monitoring short-term glycemic control in patients with diabetes; however, their associations with diabetes risk are uncharacterized.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations of fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-AG with incident diabetes in 1,299 participants, from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (2005–2006), who had no history of diagnosed diabetes at baseline. Incident diabetes was self-reported during annual telephone calls.

RESULTS

There were 119 new cases of diabetes during a median follow-up of 3.3 years. When compared with the lowest quartile, the fourth quartiles of fructosamine and glycated albumin were significantly associated with diabetes risk (hazard ratio [HR] 3.99 [95% CI 1.93–8.28] and 5.22 [2.49–10.94], respectively). The fourth quartile of 1,5-AG was associated with a significantly lower diabetes risk (0.27 [0.14–0.55]). Associations were attenuated but still significant after adjustment for hemoglobin A1c (A1C) or fasting glucose.

CONCLUSIONS

Fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-AG were associated with the subsequent development of diabetes independently of baseline A1C and fasting glucose. Our results suggest these alternative biomarkers may be useful in identifying persons at risk for diabetes.
The Farber-Landing Lecture: Pediatric Pathology—the Clinician's “Open Sesame” and its Importance in Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Van Praagh Richard
Published: August 2012

The Farber-Landing Lecture: Why Is Pediatric Pathology So Important for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery? Accurate Diagnosis and Successful Treatment Who Discovered the Cardiovascular System? Aristotle (384–322 bc) Who Discovered the Circulation of Blood? Andrea Cesalpino (1571) Who Discovered Evolution and Natural Selection? Empedocles (495–435 bc)
Cardinality of height function’s range in case of maximally many rectangular islands — computed by cuts
Authors: Horváth Eszter , Šešelja Branimir , Tepavčević Andreja
Published: August 2012

We deal with rectangular m×n boards of square cells, using the cut technics of the height function. We investigate combinatorial properties of this function, and in particular we give lower and upper bounds for the number of essentially different cuts. This number turns out to be the cardinality of the height function’s range, in case the height function has maximally many rectangular islands.
Iron-Catalysed C-3 Functionalisation of Indolizines via C–H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Shao-hong Xu
Published: August 2012

The synthesis of 3,3'-(arylmethylene)diindolizine with a FeCl3·6H2O catalyst has been achieved with excellent efficiency at room temperature. Various indolizines were prepared by the reaction with either aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes to produce di- or triheteroarylmethanes.
InCl3/MeSO3H Catalysed Addition Reactions of Pyrrole to N-Sulfonylimines
Authors: Cui Dong-Mei , Bao Ai-Qing , Zhu Guan-Ming , Wu Ao-Xue , Jin Wei-Bo
Published: August 2012

The addition reaction of pyrrole to N-sulfonylimines has been shown to proceed in the presence of a catalytic amount of InCl3 and MeSO3H, to give pyrrole sulfonamides in medium to excellent yields.
Screening Commercially Available Entomopathogenic Biocontrol Agents for the Control of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in the UK
Authors: Cuthbertson Andrew G. S. , Mathers James J. , Blackburn Lisa F. , Powell Michelle E. , Marris Gay , Pietravalle Stephane , Brown Mike A. , Budge Giles E.
Published: August 2012

The Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, is an invasive pest of honey bees. Indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa, it has now become established in North America and Australia. It represents a serious threat to European honey bees. Commercially available entomopathogenic agents were screened for their potential to control beetle larvae. Entomopathogenic fungi investigated had minimal impact. The nematodes Steinernema kraussei and S. carpocapsae provided excellent control with 100% mortality of larvae being obtained. Sequential applications of the nematodes following larvae entering sand to pupate also provided excellent control for up to 3 weeks. The information gained supports the development of contingency plans to deal with A. tumida should it occur in the UK, and is relevant to the management of Small hive beetle where it is already present.
Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Yongguang , Gosselink Denise , Doan The Nam Long , Sadhu Mikhail , Cheang Ho-Jae , Chen Pu
Published: August 2012

This review evaluates the characteristics and advantages of employing polymer electrolytes in lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries. The main highlights of this study constitute detailed information on the advanced developments for solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes, used in the lithium/sulfur battery. This includes an in-depth analysis conducted on the preparation and electrochemical characteristics of the Li/S batteries based on these polymer electrolytes.
Preparation and Characterization of Directionally Freeze-cast Copper Foams
Authors: Ramos Aurelia I. Cuba , Dunand David C.
Published: August 2012

Because of their excellent thermal and electric conductivities, copper foams are ideally suited for applications such as heat exchangers, catalyst supports and EMI-shields. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of copper with ~80% aligned, elongated, interconnected pores via directional freeze casting, a well established processing technique for porous ceramics. First, an aqueous slurry of 40−80 nm cupric oxide powders was directionally solidified, resulting in a preform consisting of elongated, aligned dendrites of pure ice separated by interdendritic ice walls with high oxide powder content. Oxide rather than metallic nanometric particles are used, as the latter would oxidize rapidly and uncontrollably when suspended in the aqueous solution used during directional casting. The preforms were then freeze-dried to sublimate the ice and sintered in a hydrogen-bearing atmosphere to reduce the copper oxide to metallic copper particles and densify these copper particles. Microstructural analysis of the copper foams shows that three types of porosities are present: (i) aligned, elongated pores replicating the ice dendrites created during the freeze-casting process; (ii) micro-porosity in the partially sintered copper walls separating the elongated pores; and (iii) cracks in these copper walls, probably created because of shrinkage associated with the reduction of the oxide powders.
Clonal Analysis of the Quasispecies of Antiviral-Resistant HBV Genomes in Patients with Entecavir Resistance during Rescue Treatment and Successful Treatment of Entecavir Resistance with Tenofovir
Authors: Karatayli Ersin , Idilman Ramazan , Karatayli Senem C , Cevik Emrah , Yakut Mustafa , Seven Gülseren , Kabaçam Gökhan , Bozdayi A Mithat , Yurdaydin Cihan
Published: August 2012

Background

Clonal analysis of quasispecies of resistant HBV genomes in patients with entecavir (ETV) resistance receiving lamivudine (3TC) plus adefovir (ADV) rescue therapy has never been performed.

Methods

A sample of 10 patients with ETV resistance who were switched to 3TC+ADV treatment were analysed for changes in viral quasispecies. Serum samples at baseline, and at months 3 and 6 of 3TC+ADV treatment could be clonally analysed in 7 of 10 patients; 3–82 clones per sample (total 1,068 clones, mean 63) were sequenced.

Results

3TC+ADV therapy led to a modest decline in HBV DNA. Almost all clones had L180M and M204V 3TC resistance mutations before and during combination therapy. All clones had ≥1 of the S202G, T184F, T184A, T184L, T184I and M250V ETV resistance mutations. The percentages of detected clones bearing 3TC (rtL180M and rtM204V) and ETV mutations did not change with rescue 3TC+ADV therapy. In 7 of 8 patients with detectable HBV DNA (median 5.17 log10 copies/ml) after a median 24 months of ADV therapy, HBV DNA became undetectable with 3TC plus tenofovir after 6 months of treatment.

Conclusions

In patients with ETV resistance tenofovir is effective. Clonal analysis data indicate no selection of specific HBV mutants during rescue 3TC+ADV.
Elevated D-Dimer is Independently Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study in HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Hileman Corrilynn O , Longenecker Chris T , Carman Teresa L , Milne Ginger L , Labbato Danielle E , Storer Norma J , White Cynthia A , McComsey Grace A
Published: August 2012

Background

D-Dimer elevations have been associated with a striking increase in mortality in HIV-infected patients. However, D-Dimer has not been directly linked to endothelial dysfunction in HIV.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we used flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery to measure endothelial function and several biomarkers to measure systemic inflammation and coagulation activation in HIV-infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy with HIV-1 RNA levels <400 copies/ml. Multivariable linear regression was used to model FMD by these markers, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and HIV-related characteristics.

Results

Analysis included 98 subjects (88% male, median age 47.5 years, CD4+ T-cells 578.5 cells/mm3); all on ART (52% on protease inhibitors). The only factors independently associated with FMD were D-Dimer and body mass index.

Conclusions

We show for the first time an independent association between D-Dimer and endothelial dysfunction in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy, potentially explaining the link between D-Dimer and mortality in HIV.
Potentiel de commerce dans l'espace maghrébin
Authors: Millogo Albert , Oulmane Nassim
Published: August 2012

Nonobstant les avancées économiques significatives enregistrées ces dix dernières années, le Maghreb souffre encore d’un manque de densité et de complexité dans ses relations commerciales. Cet article se propose d’évaluer le potentiel de commerce au niveau des pays du Maghreb. L’analyse de ce potentiel révèle la présence relative d’un potentiel selon les pays et rappelle, par conséquent, la nécessité de mener les politiques visant l’édification d’une véritable intégration au Maghreb.
Novel Humanized and Highly Efficient Bispecific Antibodies Mediate Killing of Prostate Stem Cell Antigen-Expressing Tumor Cells by CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Feldmann Anja , Arndt Claudia , Töpfer Katrin , Stamova Slava , Krone Franziska , Cartellieri Marc , Koristka Stefanie , Michalk Irene , Lindemann Dirk , Schmitz Marc , Temme Achim , Bornhäuser Martin , Ehninger Gerhard , Bachmann Michael
Published: August 2012

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy in men. The prostate stem cell Ag (PSCA) is a promising target for immunotherapy of advanced disease. Based on a novel mAb directed to PSCA, we established and compared a series of murine and humanized anti-CD3–anti-PSCA single-chain bispecific Abs. Their capability to redirect T cells for killing of tumor cells was analyzed. During these studies, we identified a novel bispecific humanized Ab that efficiently retargets T cells to tumor cells in a strictly Ag-dependent manner and at femtomolar concentrations. T cell activation, cytokine release, and lysis of target cells depend on a cross-linkage of redirected T cells with tumor cells, whereas binding of the anti-CD3 domain alone does not lead to an activation or cytokine release. Interestingly, both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are activated in parallel and can efficiently mediate the lysis of tumor cells. However, the onset of killing via CD4+ T cells is delayed. Furthermore, redirecting T cells via the novel humanized bispecific Abs results in a delay of tumor growth in xenografted nude mice.
A evolução da ciência da informação a partir de conceitos-sinônimos empregados na obra ciência da informação ou informática?
Authors: Silva Marco Donizete Paulino da
Published: August 2012

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de uma análise bibliográfica sobre artigos que compõem o livro Informática ou Ciência da Informação?, organizado por Hagar Espanha Gomes, em 1980. Estrutura-se como projeto de revisão histórica em que se narra as impressões estabelecidas durante leitura da obra, evidenciando os termos considerados relevantes e coletando-os para análise posterior do contexto em que estes foram empregados. Deduziu-se, dessa análise, a forma como a Ciência da Informação foi sendo reconhecida como disciplina independente da Biblioteconomia, assim como os níveis de elaboração de cada época a partir dos termos empregados para designá-la.
Wikicouting: repensando a contabilidade pela perspectiva Noética
Authors: Lopes Alex Araujo
Published: August 2012

Neste artigo discorre-se sobre o novo perfil da contabilidade frente aos desafios que vivenciamos na era da Complexidade, que exige novas formas de realinhar o conhecimento. Logo, torna-se imperativa a construção de modelos que transformem o conhecimento em um ativo compartilhado através de ações e atos colaborativos. Trata-se de uma reconfiguração do conhecimento contábil presente, avaliando o passado para sustentar o futuro por meio da valorização dos diversos sentidos de conhecimento, em especial o tácito. Evidencia o pensamento complexo que, por ser pós-cartesiano no sentido em que observa só se aplica ao simples, desconsidera o total. A partir do momento que um sistema é complexo, nada é evidente, porque tudo depende do olhar que é lançado, o todo e as partes evoluem de modo dialético, o todo é bem mais que a soma das partes e o todo se compreende a partir de suas finalidades. Nada mais próximo das ciências contábeis como sua atuação e responsabilidade frente à tomada de decisão num sentido mais Noética. Assim, este artigo objetiva alimenta os sentidos da complexidade inerente a pós-modernidade, enfatizando um modelo Wiki de gerenciamento contábil como uma alternativa ao debate que se postula no centro de grandes corporações com enormes repercussões nas médias e pequenas. Aludimos a tecnologia e seu uso como suporte tático para a efetiva mudança de paradigma que permeia a sociedade global.
“Linked data” – dados interligados - e interoperabilidade entre arquivos, bibliotecas e museus na web
Authors: Marcondes Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2012v17n34p171 Catálogos Web em sistemas de arquivos, bibliotecas e museus são hoje recursos informacionais fechados, usando tecnologias, padrões e interfaces de próprios, não permitindo navegar de outros recursos para dentro dos catálogos e vice-versa. Tecnologias “Linked Data” – dados interligados -, parte da proposta da Web Semântica, oferecem a possibilidade de interligar recursos informacionais Web através de “links” semânticos, permitindo aos usuários uma navegação natural e intuitiva, seguindo este “links”, por estes recursos, independentemente de interfaces de consulta específicas. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e discutir as potencialidades oferecidas pelas tecnologias da Web Semântica, em especial, “Linked Open Data”, para que arquivos, bibliotecas e museus disponibilizem e tornem interoperáveis seus acervos na Web. Será utilizada metodologia de caráter qualitativo, do tipo “levantamento do estado da arte”, tendo como método a pesquisa bibliográfica, a visita a “sites” de interesse e a análise do material levantado.
Coleções em bibliotecas universitárias: manifestações da produção científica
Authors: Nascimento-Andre Sayonara Lizton
Published: August 2012

Pesquisa que trata do tema coleções em bibliotecas universitárias, abordando os aspectos envolvidos no processo de formação e desenvolvimento de coleções. Objetiva analisar as características da produção científica relacionadas à temática. Desenvolve uma pesquisa documental de natureza exploratória, descritiva e quali-quantitativa. O corpus de análise foi feito por meio de revistas internacionais que possuíam artigos indexados na base de dados da área de Ciência da Informação, Wilson Library Literature and Information Science Full Text, no período de 1998 a 2008. Caracteriza os autores, que publicaram nesses periódicos, observando as seguintes variáveis: formação dos autores e atuação profissional, vínculo institucional, sexo e tipo de autoria. Caracteriza os periódicos, destacando a revista que recebeu o maior número de publicações no tema e também o ano mais produtivo, ou seja, com mais artigos publicados. Categoriza as abordagens dos autores na temática central e realiza a análise qualitativa do conteúdo dessas abordagens, levantando pontos divergentes e convergentes dos autores. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram traçar as características dos autores e de suas abordagens sobre coleções em BUs publicadas nos periódicos selecionados e que, assim participam da construção do conhecimento em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da informação no mundo.
Uma visão arquivística sobre o registro de projetos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Authors: Viana Gilberto Fladimar Rodrigues , Flores Daniel
Published: August 2012

Este trabalho propõe-se a apresentar uma análise e discussão das informações arquivísticas, obtidas através do Sistema de Informações para o Ensino – SIE, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, no âmbito do Centro de Processamento de Dados- CPD e da Pró-Reitoria de Planejamento - PROPLAN, sobre o módulo de registro e alterações de projetos, assim como a partir de entrevistas realizadas com os responsáveis pelo referido sistema. Com base nessas entrevistas e nas demais observações sobre o funcionamento do SIE, foram levantadas algumas situações críticas encontradas e analisadas no que se refere à autenticidade e à fidedignidade das informações arquivísticas.
The Relationship between Hospital Market Competition, Evidence-Based Performance Measures, and Mortality for Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Maeda Jared Lane K. , Lo Sasso Anthony T.
Published: August 2012

Using data from the Joint Commission's ORYX initiative and the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review file from 2003 to 2006, this study employed a fixed-effects approach to examine the relationship between hospital market competition, evidence-based performance measures, and short-term mortality at seven days, 30 days, 90 days, and one year for patients with chronic heart failure. We found that, on average, higher adherence with most of the Joint Commission's heart failure performance measures was not associated with lower mortality; the level of market competition also was not associated with any differences in mortality. However, higher adherence with the discharge instructions and left ventricular function assessment indicators at the 80th and 90th percentiles of the mortality distribution was associated with incrementally lower mortality rates. These findings suggest that targeting evidence-based processes of care might have a stronger impact in improving patient outcomes.
Evaluation of HARMONIE in the KNMI Parameterisation Testbed
Authors: de Bruijn E. I. F. , de Rooy W. C.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. HARMONIE, a non-hydrostatic NWP model has a single column version which is used for testing and validation of physical parameterisations. Since January 2010, this single column model (SCM) has been run on a daily basis in the KNMI parameterisation testbed (KPT). In this testbed, the HARMONIE SCM is run with different options and the output is compared with a wide variety of observations and other participating SCMs as well as large-eddy simulations (LES) model output. The evaluation presented here makes use of the advanced observation site Cabauw in the Netherlands, with a focus on shallow convection, turbulence and cloud formation. The examples shown illustrate the potential of the daily monitoring and in-depth evaluation to detect and improve model deficiencies.
FACTORES A CONSIDERAR EN LA REGENERACIÓN NATURAL DEL BOSQUE TROPICAL SECO EN NICARAGUA
Authors: Gonzalez-Rivas Benigno , Castro-Marín Guillermo
Published: August 2012

En el presente estudio se analizó el banco de semillas del suelo en un ecosistema de bosque seco secundario en Nandarola, Nandaime, departamento de Granada. La investigación tuvo por objetivos estimar composición florística y densidad de semillas presentes en el banco de semillas de suelo. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo que incluían la capa litter y tres capas de suelo mineral sucesivas (de 0-3, 3-6 y 6-9 cms). El número total de especies presente en el banco de semillas del suelo fue de 33 especies, distribuidas en 23 familias. El número total de semillas presente fue 240 semillas por metro cuadrado. Tambien se hizo otro estudio sobre la regeneración natural de tres especies: Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.), Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) and Lonchocarpus minimiflorus (Donn. Sm.) en un periodo de tres años en la Reserva Natural de Chacocente. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que la densidad de las especies varía significativamente durante el periodo de estudio. La regeneración natural por si sola no es suficiente para mantener el número adecuado de plántulas, por lo tanto se deben de tomar medidas para incrementar la regeneración de las especies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i16.747 La Calera Vol. 11, No 16 p. 5-11/junio 2011
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE 16 GENOTIPOS DE LEGUMINOSAS HERBÁCEAS ASOCIADO CON MAÍZ EN NIQUINOHOMO Y MANAGUA
Authors: Pérez Emilio , Bonilla Glenda , Ruiz Carlos , Núñez-Martínez José Aurélio , Martínez-Cruz Manuel Luis
Published: August 2012

Este ensayo experimental documenta el comportamiento agronómico general de leguminosas herbáceas asociadas con maíz, bajo manejo en dos ambientes ecológicos diferentes de Nicaragua: Finca Santa Rosa, Sabana Grande, Managua y el Rancho Agropecológico en Especies Menores Ebenezer, RAEME, Niquinohomo, Masaya, para tal fin se emplearon como tratamientos 7 especies y 16 variedades de leguminosas herbáceas asociadas con maíz (Zea mays), variedad NB6, más maíz establecido en monocultivo, a los cuales se les analizó mediante las variables germinación, altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, cobertura, presencia de daño foliar por insectos, presencia de malezas, porcentaje de materia seca, kg de materia seca por hectárea, número de nódulos, peso de raíz y porcentaje de Nitrógeno en biomasa de las leguminosas. El diseño del ensayo experimental constó de tres bloques al azar, dispuestos en forma perpendicular entre sí, cada bloque fue dividido en 17 parcelas. Al analizar los resultados se encontró que en la Finca Santa Rosa Vigna unguiculata verde brasil (vun1) y en RAEME, Vigna unguiculata 284/2 (Vun3) fueron la s leguminosas que presentaron mejor comportamiento, en relación al maíz, en la Finca Santa Rosa presentó mejor comportamiento al estar asociado con Vigna unguiculata 131-2 (Vun5), en RAEME, fue el maíz asociado con Centrosema plumieri (Cp). Así mismo los resultados indican que al asociar el maíz con leguminosas se obtienen mejores resultados que estando solo. Para ambos sitios se determinó que el mejor asocio fue maíz - Vigna unguiculata verde brasil (vun1), ya que proporciona para ambas especies calificaciones similares, demostrando un equilibrio entre los dos cultivos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i16.751 La Calera Vol. 11, No 16 p. 43-49/junio 2011
Lesions of Acetylcholine Neurons in Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Hayashi Masaharu , Nakajima Keisuke , Miyata Rie , Tanuma Naoyuki , Kodama Tohru
Published: August 2012

We have examined brainstem lesions in patients with refractory epilepsy disorders, including West syndrome (WS), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Acetylcholinergic neurons (AchNs) in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) are involved in mental development, and disruption of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can lead to epilepsy. In order to investigate the involvement of lesions of AchNs in refractory epilepsy, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of AchNs in the PPN in autopsy cases who had a past history of WS and/or LGS and in DRPLA cases who showed progressive myoclonic epilepsy. In addition, we performed a preliminary quantification of the levels of acetylcholine, neuropeptides, and monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with WS and benign convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). In the PPN analysis, the total number of neurons and the number of AchNs were reduced in WS/LGS and WS cases, while DRPLA cases showed a decrease in the number and percentage of AchNs. In the CSF analysis, WS patients demonstrated a reduction in the levels of inhibitory neuropeptides, while CwG patients showed increased levels of acetylcholine and decreased levels of serotonin metabolites. These data suggest the possible involvement of lesions of AchNs in WS and DRPLA.
Realism and Constructivism in Twentieth-Century Moral Philosophy
Authors: Korsgaard Christine M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2012

In this paper I trace the development of one of the central debates of late twentieth-century moral philosophy—the debate between realism and what Rawls called “constructivism.” Realism, I argue, is a reactive position that arises in response to almost every attempt to give a substantive explanation of morality. It results from the realist’s belief that such explanations inevitably reduce moral phenomena to natural phenomena. I trace this belief, and the essence of realism, to a view about the nature of concepts—that it is the function of all concepts to describe reality. Constructivism may be understood as the alternative view that a normative concept refers schematically to the solution to a practical problem. A constructivist account of a concept, unlike a traditional analysis, is an attemptto work out the solution to that problem. I explain how the philosophies of Kant and Rawls can be understood on this model.
Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cords as a Source for Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Maslova O. O. , Shuvalova N. S. , Sukhorada O. M. , Zhukova S. M. , Deryabina O. G. , Makarenko M. V. , Govseiev D. O. , Kordium V. A.
Published: August 2012

The object of the paper is to show the heterogeneity of 300 cord samples processed in the current research. The differences in effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation are shown. Moreover, the recommendations for choosing the method of MSC isolation depending on the value of stromal-vascular rate are given. The data can be useful for selecting the optimal conditions to obtain MSC and for further cryopreservation of umbilical cord tissue.
Butterfly Species List for Selected West Albertine Rift Forests
Authors: Kasangaki Patrice , Akol Anne M. , Basuta Gilbert Isabirye
Published: August 2012

This dataset gives details on a study which was conducted in seventeen forests in western Uganda (Albertine region) between 1993 and 1995. Different methods were used to sample butterflies from these forests. A total of 630 butterfly species were collected in 5 main families. Key characteristics of the forests were recorded, and these were found to influence the butterfly species richness of the forests.
Heats of Solution of Liquid Solutes in Various Solvents
Authors: Kiselev Vladimir D. , Shakirova Ilzida I. , Potapova Lubov N. , Kashaeva Helen A. , Kornilov Dmitry A.
Published: August 2012

The values of the heats of solution (2131 solutions) of different liquid solutes in organic and inorganic solvents were obtained from the literature data on the heat of mixing (ΔmixH) in the wide range of concentrations. The limit values of the heat of solution of a solute (i) in a solvent (j) (ΔsolnHi/j) were calculated from the limit data of the dependence ΔmixH/xi  versus  xi
at xi→0 and the values of that of a solute (j) in a solvent (i) (ΔsolnHj/i) from the limit data of the dependence ΔmixH/xj  versus  xj at xj→0, respectively.
Herringbone and Helical Self‐Assembly of π‐Conjugated Molecules in the Solid State through CH/π Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Goel Mahima , Jayakannan Manickam
Published: August 2012

Self‐organization of organic molecules through weak noncovalent forces such as CH/π interactions and creation of large hierarchical supramolecular structures in the solid state are at the very early stage of research. The present study reports direct evidence for CH/π interaction driven hierarchical self‐assembly in π‐conjugated molecules based on custom‐designed oligophenylenevinylenes (OPVs) whose structures differ only in the number of carbon atoms in the tails. Single‐crystal X‐ray structures were resolved for these OPV synthons and the existence of long‐range multiple‐arm CH/π interactions was revealed in the crystal lattices. Alignment of these π‐conjugated OPVs in the solid state was found to be crucial in producing either right‐handed herringbone packing in the crystal or left‐handed helices in the liquid‐crystalline mesophase. Pitch‐ and roll‐angle displacements of OPV chromophores were determined to trace the effect of the molecular inclination on the ordering of hierarchical structures. Furthermore, circular dichroism studies on the OPVs were carried out in the aligned helical structures to prove the existence of molecular self‐assembly. Thus, the present strategy opens up new approaches in supramolecular chemistry based on weak CH/π hydrogen bonding, more specifically in π‐conjugated materials.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Electrical Properties of Supramolecular DNA‐Templated Polymer Nanowires of 2,5‐(Bis‐2‐thienyl)‐pyrrole
Authors: Watson Scott M. D. , Hedley Joseph H. , Galindo Miguel A. , Al‐Said Said A. F. , Wright Nick G. , Connolly Bernard A. , Horrocks Benjamin R. , Houlton Andrew
Published: August 2012

Supramolecular polymer nanowires have been prepared by using DNA‐templating of 2,5‐(bis‐2‐thienyl)‐pyrrole (TPT) by oxidation with FeCl3 in a mixed aqueous/organic solvent system. Despite the reduced capacity for strong hydrogen bonding in polyTPT compared to other systems, such as polypyrrole, the templating proceeds well. FTIR spectroscopic studies confirm that the resulting material is not a simple mixture and that the two types of polymer interact. This is indicated by shifts in bands associated with both the phosphodiester backbone and the nucleobases. XPS studies further confirm the presence of DNA and TPT, as well as dopant Cl− ions. Molecular dynamics simulations on a [{dA24:dT24}/{TPT}4] model support these findings and indicate a non‐coplanar conformation for oligoTPT over much of the trajectory. AFM studies show that the resulting nanowires typically lie in the 7–8 nm diameter range and exhibit a smooth, continuous, morphology. Studies on the electrical properties of the prepared nanowires by using a combination of scanned conductance microscopy, conductive AFM and variable temperature two‐terminal I–V measurements show, that in contrast to similar DNA/polymer systems, the conductivity is markedly reduced compared to bulk material. The temperature dependence of the conductivity shows a simple Arrhenius behaviour consistent with the hopping models developed for redox polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cyano‐Bridged Vanadium—Niobium Bimetal Assembly Exhibiting a High Curie Temperature of 210 K.
Authors: Imoto Kenta , Takemura Miho , Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkishi Shin‐ichi
Published: August 2012

K0.59VII1.59VIII0.41 [NbIV(CN)8] ·(SO4)0.50·6.9H2O precipitates from an aqueous solution of K4[Nb(CN)8], VSO4, and VCl3 at ‐3 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternate Layered Nanostructures of Metal Oxides by a Click Reaction.
Authors: Mochizuki Dai , Kumagai Kozue , Maitani Masato M. , Wada Yuji
Published: August 2012

An alternating multilayer of titanium and tungsten oxides is synthesized by modifying layered titanium oxide with an alkene group and layered tungsten oxide with a thiol group, and causing a thiol—ene (click) reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Uranyl Compounds Containing Mixed Chromium Oxidation States.
Authors: Unruh Daniel K. , Quicksall Andrew , Pressprich Laura , Stoffer Megan , Qiu Jie , Nuzhdin Kirill , Wu Weiqiang , Vyushkova Mariya , Burns Peter C.
Published: August 2012

The mixed‐valence chromium uranyl compounds (IV), (VI), and (VIII) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, XANES, and EPR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylprolinol in an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of an α‐Alkyl‐α‐oxo Aldehyde as an Electrophile.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Yasui Yusuke , Kojima Masahiro , Kawamura Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: August 2012

A convenient synthesis of γ‐oxo‐β‐hydroxy aldehydes via an asymmetric aldol reaction proceeding with excellent anti‐ and diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation with N‐Heterocycles and Aryl Halides.
Authors: Boswell Mikki G. , Yeung Fanny G. , Wolf Christian
Published: August 2012

A convenient microwave‐assisted procedure is developed which allows the preparation of various N‐arylated derivatives.