bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACTIVITIES OF THE SHANGHAI ORGANIZATION FOR COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn, Kaulbekova Rakiya , Sharshenbek kyzy Aiperi ,   Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn
Published: February 2024

He article investigates the activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the field of information security, and the descriptive and historical-comparative methods are used as the main research methods to reveal the activities of the organization in the field of information security. Nowadays, information technology has rapidly entered our lives and has become an integral part of our lives. Because the dynamic development of information and telecommunication technologies and the impact of digital transformation show that the role of information security in the national security system has increased. The security of each state is inextricably linked to ensuring the information and psychological security of the individual. Such conditions are the reason why the term "information security" has become relevant. The study also emphasizes that information is an important strategic resource and that information security has become an integral part of national security and its current threats.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN MODERN KYRGYZSTAN
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after Boris Yeltsin, Kasymbekov Baiyrdin
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the actual problems of legal regulation of state-confessional relations in Kyrgyzstan. The author conducts a historical review of the development of these relations, analyzes the current legislation and identifies the challenges facing modern society. The article offers recommendations for improving the legal situation in this area, taking into account the diversity of religious beliefs in the country. This article is an analysis of modern problems in the field of legal regulation of state-confessional relations in Kyrgyzstan. The author examines the historical context, analyzes the existing legislation and identifies the challenges facing modern society. The article offers practical recommendations for improving the legal situation in this area, taking into account the diversity of religious beliefs in the country. The analysis is based on reliable research and official data. The work is intended to enrich the understanding of the complexity of state-confessional relations and to offer realistic approaches to their improvement in the context of modern Kyrgyzstan.
NEW FACETS OF ARTISTICITY OF KYRGYZ SONGS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University of Culture and Arts named after B.Beishenalieva, Koldoshov Tumonbai
Published: February 2024

Over the course of many centuries, stable traditions of Kyrgyz folk singing and performing arts have developed. The concept of “folk singing tralitions” covers musical and poetic works of various content and artistic form, created and performed among the people. Folr songwriting is distinguished by a wealth of genres, different in origin, character and function in folk life. Folk singing traditions are characterized, on the hand, by stability, and on the other hand, by constant renewal: thus, modern song folklore is undoubtedly connected with the old, but at the same time is deeply different from it, since it has experienced the influence of the most important socio-historical and cultural factors. At the beginning of the last century, quite a large number of various genres were written. Their authors were singer- improvisers Toktogul, Kalyk Akiev, Osmonkul Bolobalaev, Alymkul Usonbaev, Kalmurat, Syrtpay, Atay Ogonbaev, Musa Baetov, Myskal Omurcanova, Shekerbek Sherkulov and others. The article examines the activities of melodist singers, continuing the activities of the older generation, who developed singing creative activity in a new direction.
FEATURES OF THE DETENTION OF CHILDREN SUSPECTED OF COMMITTING A CRIME
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn, Otonbaeva Rahima
Published: February 2024

This scientific article discusses the issues of regulation in the criminal procedure legislation of the detention of a child on suspicion of committing a crime. The author reveals the features of the procedural procedure for the detention of a child suspected of committing a crime. Ultimately, novelties are proposed for making a fair judgment through the correct application of the norms of the criminal law providing for special sanctions or probationary supervision or removing the child from the criminal justice system. Moreover, official statistics compiled according to the data of the country's law enforcement agencies are provided, which shows the dynamics of crime growth for people aged 14-17 years. Which makes the chosen topic as relevant as possible. In general, the article provides a complete overview of the problems and ways to solve cases of crimes committed by children in conflict with the law, the author noted the proposals in the form of additions to the CPC of the Kyrgyz Republic, which he was able to substantiate sufficiently.
FEATURESANDCONDITIONSOFIMPLEMENTATIONOFCONSTITUTIONALAN DLEGALRESPONSIBILITYUNDERTHELEGISLATION OFTHEKYRGYZREPUBLIC
Authors:   International University of Kyrgyzstan, Chynybaeva Nurgul , Tenizbek kyzy Nazira ,   International University of Kyrgyzstan
Published: February 2024

The article is conducted in order to analyze the constitutional and legal responsibility in the Kyrgyz Republic, with an emphasis on its features and conditions of implementation. According to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, every citizen is obliged to comply with the Constitution and the laws of the country, for violation of which various forms of responsibility are provided, including constitutional and legal. The article examines in detail the conditions for the implementation of constitutional legal responsibility, which include the presence of an unlawful act or omission, unlawful guilt, causal relationship between the unlawful act (omission) and the harm caused, as well as the presence of the guilty person of a constitutional obligation that he violated. The article also considers the specific features of the implementation of constitutional and legal responsibility in the Kyrgyz Republic, which are associated with the peculiarities of the national legal system, historical and cultural factors, as well as current legislation. The article is intended to promote a deeper understanding of the importance of constitutional responsibility in ensuring legal order and respect for the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens.
IS ORGANIC FARMING A WAY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Authors:   Ministry of agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic, Taranov Igor , Ajibekov Aitbek ,   Food and Agriculture Organization
Published: February 2024

Nowadays sustainability is extensively discussed concept which have caught the attention of policymakers and researchers. This article aims at exploring organic agriculture from the point of view of sustainability. Organic farming has been widely supported by the Kyrgyz government and its international partners. In this respect, to address the question in the title of the article, we outline key ideas behind the concept of sustainability and its interconnections with organic farming. We found that organic farming may lay a sturdy foundation of sustainability in Kyrgyz agrarian sector. Agricultural policy striving for clusterization and agricultural cooperation may produce synergetic effect for the promotion of organic movement.
Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces has no prognostic benefit in the outcome of COVID-19: A clinical and immunological study
Authors: Šušak Božo , Dalmatin-Dragišić Monika , Laura Luka , Mikulić Vinka , Nakić Katarina , Mikulić Ivanka , Brizić Ilija , Arapović Jurica , Arapović Maja
Published: February 2024

This study explores the correlation between immunological and clinical characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in feces, analyzing data from 251 patients admitted to Mostar University Clinical Hospital (UCH) from December 2021 to January 2022. Methods involved reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and feces, alongside serological tests for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgGs. Demographic and clinical data were collected through questionnaires and medical records. The data analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software. Death occurred in 53 patients (21.1%, P < 0.001), mostly in the elderly (47/53, 88.7%, P = 0.001) and immunocompromised (19/53, 35.8%, P = 0.05), particularly those developing acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) (46/53, 86.8%, P = 0.004), and severe/critical disease (46/53, 86.8%, P = 0.002). Among the patients with positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (86/251, 34.3%, P < 0.001), 41 (47.7%) were vaccinated and 45 (52.3%) unvaccinated (P = 0.666), showing no significant differences in clinical outcomes or mortality. Unvaccinated patients with a negative antibody titer had a higher incidence of ARI (96/123, 78%, P = 0.029) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (22/123, 17.9%, P = 0.026), than those with a positive antibody titer. Forty-seven (62.7%) patients, out of the 75 hospitalized who provided a feces sample, were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (P = 0.028), without statistical differences between fecal SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups regarding vaccination status (15/47, 31.9%, P = 0.493), antibody status (18/47, 38.3%, P = 0.628), or death outcome (5/47, 10.6%, P = 0.706). In conclusion, unvaccinated hospitalized patients with a severe COVID-19 presentation and a negative anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer had adverse outcomes more frequently. This suggests cautious consideration for the diagnostic use of fecal samples compared to NP swabs.
The caspase family: molecular bases of interaction in apoptosis and pyroptosis
Authors: Shishkina Viktoria V. , Moshurov Ivan P. , Gerasimova Olga A. , Antakova Lyubov N. , Samoilenko Tatiana V. , Korotkih Nataliya V. , Gorushkina Elena S. , Andreev Pavel Yu. , Atiakshin Dmitri A.
Published: February 2024

Both apoptotic and inflammatory caspases play a significant role in developing and maintaining an organism’s homeostasis. Recently, various studies have described various cross-interactions among various caspases. For instance, interleukin-1β activation is initiated by caspase-1 and caspase-8. Programmed cell death is launched not exclusively by internal and external factors to serve as a foundation for physiological development and realization of cellular and organism functions. The caspases involved in this process provide a complicated function related to cell homeostasis regulation. Caspases also participate in adaptation processes associated with changing environmental conditions, including microgravity.
Phenotypical analysis of knockdown laboratory animals can reveal the physiological functions of caspases, giving preference to mice. For instance, this approach allows us to determine the role of caspases in the pathogenesis of different pathologic conditions, such as malignancies and autoimmune and infectious diseases. Caspases are considered by a wide spectrum of authors as therapeutic targets.
In general, the topic of caspases and their functions is very broad. In this review, we only discuss some aspects of the impact of caspases on various types of cell death.
The potential of survivin as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Andreeva Nelly Yu. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Misharina Elena V. , Tkachenko Natalia N.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: According to international data, about 5-10% of women of reproductive age suffer from this disease, while in women with chronic pelvic pain or infertility the incidence ranges from 35% to 50%. At the same time, women of reproductive age diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1 may also suffer from endometriosis, but asymptomatic or atypical in the initial stages of the disease, which varies considerably in duration, may be the cause of untimely diagnosis. Existing diagnostic methods in the form of bimanual examination, ultrasound, MRI, laparoscopic surgery, and even histologic verification do not allow to exclude with certainty the presence of the disease.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of endometriosis among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to develop a diagnostic prognostic model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of medical records from the Gynecological Unit of the Second Department of Gynecology and Endocrinology and the Scientific Advisory Department of D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia for the period of 2010–2021. The study cohort included cases of endometriosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus recorded in inpatient or outpatient medical histories. Clinical characteristics of the prevalence of endometriosis in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus were based on an analysis of 2316 medical records in this patient group. The prospective cohort of the case-control study included 137 patients and involved the evaluation of survivin levels in serum on days 5–7 of the menstrual cycle in four study groups: type 1 diabetes mellitus in combination with endometriosis, endometriosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and healthy women of reproductive age. Additionally, we examined the gynecological history of patients. Statistical processing of the data obtained and predictive modeling were performed using a binary logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: The prevalence of endometriosis among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was 1.11%. Risk indicators for the presence of endometriosis were determined based on risk factor values for patients with or without type 1 diabetes mellitus. Patient groups with a probability of having endometriosis exceeding 50% were identified, requiring diagnostic and therapeutic measures aimed at timely initiation of therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Predicting the likelihood of endometriosis presence will enable timely preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at improving the patient’s quality of life.
DNA-fragmented sperm ability to bind to the zona pellucida
Authors: Ishchuk Mariia A. , Komarova Evgeniia M. , Lesik Elena A. , Mekina Irina D. , Pendina Anna A. , Gzgzyan Alexander M. , Tapilskaya Natalia I. , Bespalova Olesya N.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: A high percentage of the infertile couples are classified as having unexplained infertility. At the same time, male partners may have both normozoospermia and high level of sperm DNA fragmentation. The investigation of the selectivity of the oocyte zona pellucida for spermatozoa with fragmented DNA is an extremely promising direction. The novel data could improve sperm selection methods, which in turn will increase the efficiency of IVF cycles.
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA to bind to the zona pellucida.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material for the study was ejaculate samples from patients with normozoospermia (n = 5) and sperm donors (n = 4), as well as the zona pellucida of immature oocytes (n = 25) from nine patients. Sperm preparation was carried out by centrifugation in a density gradient of silicone particles and the swim-up method. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the method of fluorescent labeling of single- and double-stranded DNA breaks (TUNEL assay). Manipulations with gametes and the zona pellucida were performed using micromanipulation equipment and a femtosecond laser.
RESULTS: Spermatozoa with fragmented DNA can effectively bind to the oocyte zona pellucida. However, among the zona pellucida-bound spermatozoa, the proportion of cells with fragmented DNA was significantly lower than among the unbound ones. The data obtained suggest the key role of the oocyte zona pellucida in the selection of spermatozoa with intact DNA.
CONCLUSIONS: Spermatozoa with fragmented DNA retain the ability to bind to the oocyte zona pellucida. The use of the selective binding of spermatozoa with intact DNA to the zona pellucida can serve as a method for selecting gametes for intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa into the oocyte. Data on the selective properties of the oocyte zona pellucida can serve to select the optimal strategy in cases of “hidden” male factor, in which men with normozoospermia experience impaired fertility, in particular, due to sperm DNA fragmentation.
Species composition of vaginal lactobacilli in the first, second and third trimester as a marker of pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Beliaeva Natalia R. , Budilovskaya Olga V. , Khusnutdinova Tatiana A. , Krysanova Anna A. , Shalepo Kira V. , Savicheva Alevtina M. , Tapilskaya Natalia I.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Lactobacilli are the main and most important component of the vaginal microbiota of reproductive-age women. During pregnancy, the composition of the vaginal microbiota changes and acquires additional significance, acting as a barrier against infection for both the mother and the fetus. Furthermore, the vaginal microbiota contributes to the normal course of pregnancy, postpartum recovery, and primary colonization of the newborn. Changes in the composition and number of vaginal lactobacilli during pregnancy can lead to serious disorders. Despite much research on the role of the vaginal microbiota, the details of how changes in lactobacilli composition and diversity may affect pregnancy outcomes are poorly understood.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaginal lactoflora composition and stability in each trimester to predict pregnancy outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This open prospective study involved 100 women who had been registered at the dispensary in early pregnancy (up to 12 weeks). To determine the type of microbiocenosis and the species composition of lactobacilli, the vaginal discharge was examined microscopically and by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: Normocenosis was identified in 86 (86%) pregnant women, the intermediate type of vaginal microbiocenosis in 4 (4%) pregnant women, and bacterial vaginosis in 10 (10%) pregnant women. The rate of negative pregnancy outcomes was 19%, of which 7% and 12% of women had premature births or miscarriages, respectively. The concentration of vaginal lactobacilli in each pregnant woman was relatively stable over the three trimesters. Among the dominant microflora, the frequency of Lactobacillus crispatus increased by the third trimester. Lactobacillus iners was associated with an increased incidence of premature birth and may be considered as a risk factor.
CONCLUSIONS: Real-time PCR test for specific detection and quantification of vaginal lactobacilli in pregnant women has prognostic value and may be recommended as a possible screening test for women with high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Endometrial NK cells in repeated implantation failure – quantity and functional markers
Authors: Zagaynova Valeria A. , Bespalova Olesya N. , Krikheli Inna O. , Gzgzyan Alexander M. , Tral Tatyana G. , Tolibova Gulrukhsor Kh. , Sokolov Dmitry I. , Kogan Igor Yu.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Alteration in the composition and function of endometrial immune cells, in particular NK cells, are associated with implantation and placentation pathology, which is considered as one of the causes of reproductive losses. However, data regarding abnormalities in the number and activity of NK cells in repeated implantation failures, including depending on the type of infertility, remain ambiguous.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of CD56+ and CD16+ cells and the area of expression of CD107a and NKG2D markers in the endometrium of patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective comparative study included patients with RIF (main group I, n = 47), who were divided into two subgroups: Ia, patients with primary infertility (n = 29); Ib, patients with secondary infertility (n = 18). Comparison group II included patients with a history of effective ART programs (n = 17). Control group III included healthy fertile women without a history of reproductive loss (n = 12). Endometrial biopsies were obtained on days 19–23 of the menstrual cycle. The expression of CD56+, CD16+, CD107a and NKG2D was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: In the endometrium of patients in groups I and II, as compared to the control group, the number of CD56+ cells was significantly increased (p 0.001). In patients of subgroup Ia, when compared to the control group, we verified an increase in the number of CD16+ cells (p 0.05) and a decrease in the expression of CD107a (p 0.05). In patients in groups I and II, a negative correlation was revealed between the number of CD56+ and CD16+ cells and the number of pregnancies in history (rs = –0.30 and rs = –0.34, p 0.05), while a positive correlation was found between the expressions of CD56+ and CD107a (rs = 0.66 and rs = 0.75, p 0.05). In patients in group II, a positive correlation was revealed between the expressions of CD16+ and CD107a (rs = 0.75, p 0.05). In the endometrial stroma, CD107a expression increased significantly in patients in group I (p 0.05), while NKG2D expression increased in groups II and III (p 0.01, p 0.05) from the early to the middle stage of the secretion phase. In patients of group II, a positive correlation was established between the expressions of CD56+ and NKG2D (rs = 0.68, p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In the endometrium of patients with primary infertility and RIF, the number of CD56+ and CD16+ cells is increased with a decrease in the expression of their activation marker CD107a, which may be a potential mechanism for impaired implantation. Further studies of the immune profile of the endometrium may help to personalize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to management of patients with RIF and to increase the chances of pregnancy in ART programs.
Prospects for preconception genetic screening at the pregnancy planning stage
Authors: Glotov Andrey S. , Nasykhova Yulia A. , Dvoynova Natalya M. , Bespalova Olesya N. , Kogan Igor Yu.
Published: February 2024

To date, the active introduction of genetic technologies into practical medicine continues in the healthcare sector. The number of genetic diseases is growing, for which different gene therapy and targeted therapy options are emerging. At the same time, the genetic burden in the population is also increasing. The only way to reduce it is the universal introduction of primary preventive programs, the most significant of which is preconception screening, or carrier screening of monogenic diseases. In this review article, various options for preconception screening are considered in detail and the main categories of people for whom such a survey is indicated are identified. The latter are high school students, couples registering a marriage, couples planning a pregnancy, women in early pregnancy, relatives of family members of adolescents with established disabilities, as well as donors of sperm or eggs used in IVF cycles. A detailed historical perspective and examples of various international carrier screening programs for genetic diseases are given in this review. Our analysis shows that sequential testing for monogenic diseases is an appropriate screening strategy (the woman shall be examined first). As part of the screening, the ethnic composition of the population should be taken into account. However, in the case of a mixed population and a high frequency of migration, it is preferable to use an expanded panel that includes the most frequent diseases characteristic of the nationalities inhabiting a certain region. The best results are achieved with mandatory or almost mandatory screening. This review shows the main steps that have been taken in the Russian Federation over the past two years and describes the programs of the Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Saint Petersburg, Russia. These include free screening programs for family members and relatives of patients with the most common diseases and couples with reproductive loss, as well as a carrier screening program for six major diseases at the expense of the patient. The summary part provides an assessment of the prospects for the practical use of carrier screening in the general population and high-risk groups, as well as for donors of reproductive material, in Russia.
Development and testing of an endometrial status assessment test based on RNAampliSeq technology
Authors: Malysheva Olga V. , Vashukova Elena S. , Gzgzyan Alexander M. , Dzhemlikhanova Lyailya Kh. , Ob'edkova Ksenia V. , Popova Anastasiia K. , Tkachenko Alexander A. , Shalina Maria A. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Glotov Andrey S.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Approximately two thirds of all implantation failures are due to impaired endometrial receptivity. The lack of implantation may be due to an implantation window failure found in approximately 25-30% of women with a history of failure to perform assisted reproductive technology protocols. The receptivity phase in such patients can be shifted in terms of timing, have a short duration, or not form. Currently, there are several commercial tests for determining endometrial receptivity based on transcriptomic data. However, these tests differ very significantly from each other in the set of genes studied, and the exact mechanism of endometrial receptivity is still not fully understood.
AIM: The aim of this study was to create and check our own test based on RNA AmpliSeq technology to assess the receptivity status of the endometrium and the implantation window.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We previously created an RNAampliSeq panel containing 421 gens. With its use, the differential expression of these genes was analyzed in 38 endometrial samples taken in the proliferative and receptive phases.
RESULTS: The studied samples form clearly distinguishable clusters with the receptive and proliferative endometria. 271 genes from our panel are differentially expressed in different phases of the menstrual cycle.
CONCLUSIONS: We have created and tested a model that allows clearly distinguishing between the proliferative endometrium and the receptive one and identifying patients with disorders of the menstrual cycle.
Aplicación de la Metodología de Ishikawa en el Proceso de Cromado en una Empresa del Sector Industrial
Authors: Molina-Barrios Oscar , Ortega-García Oscar , Heredia-Fonseca Stefany , Rivera-Rojas Laura
Published: February 2024

El cromado duro industrial se ha convertido en una alternativa en la industria para la mejora de los procesos y la optimización de los mismos, el mercado es cada vez más competitivo y por ende exige a las empresas a estar en constantes procesos de mejora continua para brindar mejor calidad y resultados en sus productos o servicios. En el presente artículo, se tomó una empresa del sector metalmecánico dedicada al cromado duro industrial. Con el uso de las herramientas de calidad se propondrán mejoras que permitan reducir las desviaciones en el proceso de cromado, para esto se pretende identificar los defectos presentes en el proceso y descubrir la causa de estos por medio de un Diagrama de Pareto e Ishikawa, de esta manera establecer acciones para la mejora del proceso. Durante el desarrollo de esta actividad se identificó que la principal falla en el cromado duro es la porosidad, que es producida por la falta de limpieza de los tanques de cromado y la solución química usada en los mismos, lo cual hace necesario garantizar la limpieza de estos y el uso correcto de las sustancias químicas.
El Desarrollo Sostenible en el Entorno Marítimo y Portuario. Una Mirada Desde Principios del Siglo XXI
Authors: Hinojoza–Montañez Sebastian , Santamaria-Ruiz Mauricio , Troncoso-Palacio Alexander
Published: February 2024

En esta investigación se analizan las principales tendencias de investigación y sus aportaciones a la construcción del desarrollo sostenible en el entorno marítimo y portuario global, desde principios del siglo XXI, Basado en la idea concebida por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ONU, y la creación del concepto “Smart Ports”, para la mejora continua de este sector industrial. Se desarrolló un análisis documental-bibliográfico basado en software bibliométrico, aplicando estadística probabilística por defecto y utilizando machine learning proporcionados por la base de datos de Scopus. Se encontró que las principales tendencias temáticas estuvieron relacionadas con la gestión de zonas costeras, gestión pesquera, cambio climático, puertos verdes, innovación y eficiencia energética. Los autores representativos fueron Castilla J.C., Pauly D., Notteboom T. y Lam J.S. Se observó que en las investigaciones analizadas de este sector no se consideran los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS 1, 2, 3, 4).
Evolución de las Tecnologías Utilizadas para la Absorción de Mercurio con Cenizas Vegetales en Suelos Contaminados por la Minería de Oro
Authors: Castro-Sarmiento Alex , Pineda Vides Fausto , Andrade-Perez Jaime
Published: February 2024

Uno de los contaminantes más peligrosos que se pueden encontrar como subproducto de la minería del Oro es El Mercurio (Hg), debido a su alto potencial de bioacumulación y los múltiples impactos negativos que puede ocasionar en el medio ambiente y en la salud del hombre. El presente documento tiene por objetivo evaluar las tecnologías para absorber Hg empleando Cenizas Vegetales (CV) en suelos contaminados con este elemento a causa de la minería. Esta investigación se constituye como una revisión de tipo descriptivo-documental puesto que busca revisar el aporte de algunos avances tecnológicos en las técnicas de remediación de suelos contaminados con Hg. Entre los hallazgos se destaca que la técnica de mayor predominancia es la que utiliza elaborados a partir de la cáscara de arroz, la cual absorbe eficientemente el Hg en los suelos, lodos y sedimentos. Gran parte de los estudios al respecto se centran en el análisis de los datos recolectados, pero el enfoque que se dará a este trabajo será puntualmente de las tecnologías utilizadas en el proceso mismo de absorción del Hg
Lean Six Sigma como herramienta de apoyo en la logística empresarial. Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors: Pimienta Mendoza Luis , Vargas Suarez Erick
Published: February 2024

El desarrollo económico experimenta un flujo constante de evolución donde la industria es pieza fundamental representada como actor principal en este proceso de transformación, comprometidas a evolucionar desde aspectos tecnológicos, administrativos, hasta áreas fundamentales como la operatividad logística, donde se debe estar a la vanguardia de las constantes innovaciones, que permitan cumplir con los desafíos que harán de ellas entes competitivos y sostenibles en sus procesos corporativos. Un buen administrador debe conocer todos aquellos recursos que le permitan consolidar a su empresa como la mejor del sector perteneciente y convertirla en un ejemplo para las demás, lo cual se logra a través de investigaciones, estudios minuciosos de factibilidad y eficiencia de recursos disponibles y futuras a adquirir. Por esta razón es de gran importancia el análisis interno de capacidades y de los avances tecnológicos que permitan facilitar y mejorar el manejo logístico de una empresa.

Se entiende como logística en términos literales, “conjunto de medios y métodos necesarios para llevar a cabo la organización de una empresa, o de un servicio, especialmente de distribución” [1]. En este sentido, la logística debe ser concebida como parte vital de una empresa que desea prestar un excelente servicio y por ende un administrador debe conocer, analizar, evaluar y validar minuciosamente, todo aquello que será utilizado para su manejo. El objeto del presente artículo es ahondar en el conocimiento de la Lean Six Sigma la cual es una metodología basada en la estadística, orientada a mejorar la productividad y rentabilidad de las empresas, de manera efectiva.
Estudio de Métodos y Tiempos para Mejorar los Procesos en una Panadería y Repostería
Authors: Gómez-Jiménez Angela , Arias-Escobar Juan-Pablo , Benavides-Méndez Michell , Mercado-Barragán Antonio , Noriega-Canchano Ana , Huyke-Taboada Aida
Published: February 2024

En el presente trabajo se elaboró un estudio de métodos y tiempos en una panadería y repostería, a la cual, se le realizó una visita para visualizar sus operaciones y determinar la operación que afecta negativamente a la productividad de la empresa, con la finalidad de incrementar esta, mediante la técnica de estudio de métodos y tiempos, para ello, se indagó en las revistas científicas casos similares para tener como referencia, luego, se escogió el proceso más crítico para analizarlo y posteriormente formular soluciones factibles para la empresa teniendo como resultado que eliminando el cuello de botella la empresa podrá incrementar su productividad en poco más del 40%, de esta manera, podemos resaltar la importancia del estudio de métodos y tiempo para mejorar la eficiencia del ciclo productivo de las empresas.
Estrategias Pedagógicas para la Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios Generados en Comunidades Asentadas en Zonas de Bajamar en Buenaventura
Authors: Mosquera-Gamboa Marino , Obregón-Ramos Rosmery , Bermúdez-Quintero Luis
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo pretende mostrar la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas para la Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios (GIRSD), que aporten en la minimización de impactos negativos generados en la zona de bajamar, la aplicación de estas permite facilitar el proceso de educación ambiental y, además, propicia en la potencialización y darles un valor agregado a los residuos. El estudio se basó principalmente en una revisión bibliográfica de temáticas relacionadas al manejo integrado de residuos sólidos en zonas de bajamar en Buenaventura, enfatizando en un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Los resultados obtenidos están enfocados al manejo, separación, aprovechamiento y la cultura ambiental, los cuales son ejes fundamentales para poner en marcha un buen sistema de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos (GIRS), que contribuya al bienestar social y ambiental
Un Análisis de Líneas de Espera en una Comercializadora de Teléfonos Inteligentes Mediante Simulación
Authors: Nieto-Blanco Eva , Roncallo-Fernández Luzbleidy , Arias-Jiménez Daniel , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: February 2024

El tiempo de espera que tardan los clientes en ser atendidos En cualquier empresa que vende productos, es un problema porque puede provocar pérdidas o no ganancias por ventas no realizadas. Debido a esto, se propone analizar las líneas de espera en el proceso de ventas de teléfonos inteligentes en una empresa de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Para el diseño del modelo, se realizó un estudio dividido en 3 fases: La primera consistió en recoger información relacionada con los tiempos de llegada y atención de los usuarios haciendo una caracterización del sistema de colas. En la fase 2 se realizaron los cálculos de los indicadores de desempeño operativo del sistema mediante el uso de un modelo matemático de distribución de datos. En la fase 3 se analizaron los resultados obtenidos y se hicieron recomendaciones teniendo en cuenta los costos asociados al sistema de servicio para encontrar el equilibrio entre el costo de espera y el costo del servicio.
Self-perceived preparedness of junior doctors for internship in regional far North Queensland
Authors: Sellars James N. , Mark Michael van der , Neal Joanna , Palesy Tom , Palesy Lani , Jeyarajan Eshwarshanker
Published: February 2024

Background: Objective of the study was to determine the self-perceived preparedness and concerns of newly graduated junior doctors beginning their internship year in a regional based hospital in far North Queensland.
Methods: A questionnaire investigating the basic demographics, future vocational intentions, perceived medical strengths, and greatest hopes and fears for the upcoming intern year was formulated. The survey was undertaken by all interns starting work in 2023 at Cairns Hospital in regional Far North Queensland. Basic statistical analysis was conducted in Microsoft Excel.
Results: There were 52 total participants. Overall, 40 (76.9%) were aged 23 to 32 years, 45 (86.5%) had graduated from a Queensland university, and 25 (48.1%) had previous exposure to the medical field prior to internship, through a family member or previous work. New interns felt least prepared for discussions regarding dying and palliative care, N=14 (26.9%) at least “prepared”, certification of death, N=11 (21.2%) at least “prepared” and nasogastric tube insertion, N=14 (26.9%) at least “prepared”. The main concerns were feeling unsupported (N=31, 59.6%), tiredness and stress (N=28, 53.8%), and interacting with rude staff or experiencing bullying (N=27, 51.9%). Overall, interns felt least prepared for surgical (N=21, 40.4%) and after-hours rotations (N=19, 36.5%).
Conclusions: The intern year can be daunting for recent graduates, particularly feeling a sense of isolation and fatigue, heightened by potential staff conflict and high-pressure settings in surgery and after-hours. Better preparation and support should be provided for interns to ensure a comfortable transition from university to work to optimise safe and effective patient care.
Biochemical profile of patients in ketosis-prone diabetes state in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Luc Dere Kwadjo Anicet , Gervais Koffi Konan , Noel Manhan Kahissie , Seguenan Fofana , Alice Tuo Wako-Tianwa , Georges Tiahou Gnomblesson
Published: February 2024

: Diabetes keto-acidosis is the most serious hyperglycemic emergency in patients with diabetes. DKA has long been considered a key clinical feature of T1D. In this study, we assessed biochemical disorders focused on lipid and renal parameters in KPD.

: We carried out a case-controls study for one year, encompassing 200 participants in total. Patients were outpatients newly diagnosed diabetics attending for the first time hospitals, controls were no-ketosis participants. Blood samples were taken, after 10 to 12 hours of fasting from the day before, in different tubes for each intended analyses according to instructor’s recommendation.

The increased mean value of fasting blood glucose together with HbA1c are corrolated with ketonuria. As regard to cardio-metabolic risk, ketosis-prone patients were at greater risk than no-ketosis controls The mean AIP value was higher in KPD women than in men, with no significant statistical correlation. Uremia and creatininemia, two kidney parameters commonly prescribed to explore glomerular filtration, were correlated with some social indicators. The mean values of these both parameters increased significantly with age in KPD group. Creatinine increased significantly with age in patients, in line with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The older the participants, the higher the mean values of these parameters.

: These biochemical parameters, high atherogenic index and lower glomerular filtration rate, documented in our study, must be sought out when inaugural ketosis is suspected for improving the clinical prognosis of patients in the initial step of management.
Life and maladies in the grey area between the up & down regulation of GATA6: Uncharted spots of beta-pancreatic islet cells
Authors: Al Shuhoumi Mohammed Abdullah , Al Waili Amani , Turner Mark D
Published: February 2024

Death and dysfunctionality of pancreatic islet beta-cells are a centric key element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Saturated fatty acids are commonly circulated in diabetic and obese individuals. Elevated and chronic exposure to fatty acids has a pernicious influence on islet cells’ functionality and survival due to its capability to induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, T2DM is a heterogeneous disorder that includes genetic and environmental factors in conjunction with dyslipidaemia with a considerably high rate of morbidity and mortality. There are many genes involved in the pathogenesis that remain to be charted. Here, we show a comprehensive interrogation of GATA6 based on previously published gene expression data on the basis of stating its validity via bioinformatics analysis and reaching a new understanding. Various datasets with different patient cohorts were compared and contrasted. Gene ontology and predictive pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway; KEGG) were used to explore interactions of numerous differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interactions network through the STRING database has appreciated a list of key genes. GATA6 interacted with genes from pathways that were significantly enriched (FDR<0.05) in the analysis of the KEGG pathway suggesting its close involvement, for example, 'maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway’ and ‘pathways in cancer’. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that GATA6 plays an intrinsic role in islet beta cell differentiation and survival, and bioinformatics analysis allows the introduction of potentially reliable biomarkers that interact with GATA6, which required further validation studies.
Modern doctors' view on the problem of diagnostics and treatment of asthenic syndrome in different regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Belousova Yana D. , Tynterova Anastasiya M. , Rafalskiy Vladimir V.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The problem of asthenic disorders is determined by their high prevalence, the lack of diagnostic criteria and recommendations for therapy, and the absence of unified principles of coding in ICD-10. The aim of the study was to evaluate the current practice of neurologists and physicians of the Russian Federation (RF) in the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of asthenic syndrome (AS).
Materials and Methods: An anonymous author-developed questionnaire survey of physicians on the issues of diagnostics and treatment of asthenia was conducted on the Google forms platform.
Results: Total 238 specialists from 23 regions of the RF, 62.5% of neurologists and 37.5% of physicians, took part in the survey. Women suffer from AS more often than men. AS is most frequently verified at the age of 40-60 (65.5%) and under 40 (39.6%). Doctors use the codes G90.8 – other disorders of the autonomic nervous system – and I67.8 – other specified cerebral vascular lesions. The main causes of AS are affective disorders in 67.2% of patients and infectious diseases in 70% of patients. Almost 67% of doctors use anxiety and depression assessment scale, and only 13% of respondents use MFI-20 scale. The choice of therapy depended on the psychopathologic syndrome in 73.9% of cases. Most doctors favored nootropic drugs, metabolic action drugs, and B vitamins.
Conclusion: The current medical practice of diagnosing and treating AS was studied and informative data were obtained with regard to understanding the clinical-typological structure and nosological affiliation of AS. The results demonstrate the expediency of developing a unified algorithm for the management of patients with various manifestations of AS.
Per se Performance of Elite Accessions of Indian Pennywort (Centella asiatica L.) for Growth, Herbage Yield and Triterpenoid Compounds
Authors: Ravi C.S. , Umesha K. , Gowda A.P. Mallikarjuna , Bindu K. Hima , Rao V. Keshava
Published: February 2024

Background: Indian Pennywort (Centella asiatica L.) is an important tropical medicinal plant having pharmaceutical, neutraceutical and cosmoceutical properties but it is treated as threatened species due to indiscriminate collections from the wild. The whole herb is economically important and its biological effects have been attributed to the existence of major triterpene derivatives including madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic and asiatic acid. To meet the industrial requirement on sustainable basis, commercial cultivation of Centella asiatica L. is the only solution. The sustained supply of quality raw material to the industry is possible only through cultivation of elite genotypes with high potency as the natural resources are dwindling. Increased productivity will also facilitate the international trade with high potency raw material at a reasonable cost. Methods: The field evaluation was carried out at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Shivamogga during 2018-19 with nine selected accessions along with check variety Vallabh Medha in randomized complete block design with three replications. These accessions were selected based on per se performance with respect to triterpenoid content and its yield over three seasons among 39 accessions collected from different ecological regions of hill zone of Karnataka, India. They were evaluated for quantitative and quantitative traits. Result: The results of the study indicated that all the parameters studied differed significantly except for chlorophyll content. Among elite accessions, Acc. 07 and Vallabh Medha performed better for most of the growth parameters, while for the yield attributes Acc. 12, Vallabh Medha, Acc. 6 and Acc.18 were found better. Regarding total triterpenoid yield per hectare, the accessions Acc. 12 (180.16 kg ha-1), Acc.3 (141.01 kg ha-1) and Acc.7 (137.98 kg ha-1) seemed to be promising accessions.
An Overview on Artificial Intelligence Applied in Offensive Cybersecurity
Authors: TOD-RĂILEANU Gabriela , BACIVAROV Ioan
Published: February 2024

As of the onset of 2023, ChatGPT has emerged as the predominant Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool, finding extensive application across various sectors and rapidly becoming an integral part of everyday work and domestic activities. However, the widespread adoption of ChatGPT has been accompanied by instances of misuse, wherein individuals have utilized the tool for unauthorized data access or engaged in activities deemed disruptive or malicious in nature. Consequently, a discernible trend has emerged wherein cyberattacks are increasingly being propelled by the capabilities of AI. This escalation in AI-driven cyber threats is evidenced by the misuse of generative AI tools, which are now being harnessed by attackers for activities such as crafting deceptive phishing emails, deploying malware designed for keystroke monitoring, and developing rudimentary yet effective ransomware code. This shift underscores the growing sophistication of cyber threats facilitated by the misuse of advanced AI technologies, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the associated risks and the implementation of robust cybersecurity measures to mitigate potential harms.