bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nouveau modèle analytique pour une meilleure estimation des flux nets annuels en métaux dissous. Cas du cadmium dans l’estuaire de la Gironde
Authors: Pougnet F. , Blanc G. , Mulamba-Guilhemat E. , Coynel A. , Gil-Diaz T. , Bossy C. , Strady E. , Schäfer J.
Published: March 2019

Malgré d’importants efforts d’aménagement initiés en 1987 et 2007 et la diminution consécutive des émissions issues du bassin versant de la Gironde, les teneurs en cadmium (Cd) présentent dans les huîtres de l’aval de la Gironde restent supérieures à la norme de consommation (5 mg/kg, p.s., CE). Des concentrations en cadmium dissous ont été mesurées dans les eaux de surface collectées dans l’estuaire de la Gironde au cours de neuf campagnes océanographiques (2014–2015). Les concentrations théoriques en cadmium dissous (Cdd0) et les flux nets journaliers de Cddont été obtenus, selon la méthode de Boyle. Ils confirment une diminution de la pollution en Cd par paliers décennaux, correspondant à celle observée dans les huîtres girondines grâce au réseau national de surveillance des contaminants prioritaires. Cette observation invalidant les précédentes méthodes d’estimation des flux nets annuels, nous proposons un modèle empirique original appliqué aux quatre dernières décennies et basé sur quatre fonctions exponentielles tronquées. Chaque fonction est représentative d’une situation distincte de la pollution du bassin versant relative aux principaux processus de remédiation entrepris au cours des quatre dernières décennies. Les résultats nous ont permis de proposer un abaque de quantification des flux nets annuels de Cddutilisant uniquement les données de débit moyen annuel. Ainsi, cette étude démontre l’efficacité de la géochimie de terrain pour obtenir une meilleure quantification de l’exportation de polluants dissous et biodisponibles, des bassins continentaux vers l’océan côtier.
Positive responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to spatial and temporal reductions in water pollution downstream from a trout farm outlet
Authors: Camargo Julio A.
Published: March 2019

Inland trout farms can cause important adverse effects on freshwater communities due to the discharge of wastewater effluents into recipient rivers. In this research, responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to diminished water pollution downstream from a trout farm outlet were examined at spatial and temporal scales. Field studies were carried out in the Upper Tajuña River (Central Spain) during the springs of 2007 and 2015. Water pollution decreased, with increasing the downstream distance from the trout farm effluent, and also from 2007 to 2015 as a likely consequence of the lowered annual production of farmed rainbow trout following the 2008 economic recession. Reductions in water pollution resulted in increased concentrations of dissolved oxygen and decreased levels of turbidity and inorganic nutrients (ammonia and phosphate). Benthic macroinvertebrates responded positively to diminished water pollution by decreasing the relative abundance of collector-gatherers (oligochaetes and chironomids) and increasing the relative abundance of shredders and scrapers (ephemeropterans, plecopterans and trichopterans). In addition, values of taxonomic diversity and Biological Monitoring Water Quality biotic indices tended to increase. It is concluded that the wastewater treatment system of the trout farm should be improved to minimize the environmental impact on the recipient river.
Radius' Giant Cell Tumor: Allograft with Conservation of Distal Radioulnar Joint
Authors: Ruatti S. , Boudissa M. , Grobost P. , Kerschbaumer G. , Tonetti J.
Published: March 2019

Purpose Giant cell tumor of the distal radius are frequent lesions, and different types of surgeries have been described. Functional results, after conservative treatment or arthrodesis, often find a decreased strength and range of motion. The sacrifice of the distal radioulnar joint could be one of the causes. We report the case of a 26-year-old patient who presented with a Campanacci Grade III giant cell tumor of the distal radius. We managed his case by the association of en bloc resection and allograft reconstruction with the preservation of distal radioulnar joint.

Hypothesis This procedure could improve functional results, without increasing the risk of recurrence at 2 years follow-up.

Case Report The originality of our technique was the possibility of distal radioulnar joint conservation. We preserved a long portion of cortex bone all through the ulnar side of the distal radius. We then used an allograft of distal radius, fixed by a reconstruction anatomical plate.

Results At 2 years follow-up, the range of motion was 100° with 60° of palmar flexion, 40° of extension, 75° of pronation, and 70° of supination. Radial and ulnar inclination were 10 and 15°, respectively. MTS (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score) 1993 was 88% and DASH score was 6. Concerning grip strength, it was measured at 85% in comparison with the other side. Pronation and supination strengths were 80 and 73%, respectively, in comparison with the other side. At follow-up, standard X-rays showed no recurrence. The allograft was well integrated.

Conclusion Conservative treatment of the distal radioulnar joint allowed an almost ad integrum recovery, concerning strengths and range of motion. It allows a better functional recovery, without increasing the risk of recurrence.
InGaSb-on-insulator p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors on Si fabricated by direct wafer bonding
Authors: Yokoyama Masafumi , Yokoyama Haruki , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takagi Shinichi
Published: March 2019

InGaSb-on-insulator (InGaSb-OI) and InAs/InGaAs/InAs-on-insulator (InAs/InGaAs-OI) structures have been realized on Si by a direct wafer bonding (DWB) technology using atomic-layer-deposition Al2O3. While strain introduced in InGaSb channel layers grown on InAs can enhance the hole mobility of the Sb-based channel layers, a difficult issue of fabricating InGaSb-OI wafers is to obtain a smooth InGaSb surface, which is mandatory for wafer bonding. In this study, the surface of a 20-nm-thick In0.185Ga0.815Sb channel grown on an InAs (100) substrate and an InAs (2.5 nm)/In0.185Ga0.815Sb (20 nm)/InAs (2.5 nm) channel with a 20-nm-thick GaSb buffer layer grown on an InAs (100) substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition have a root mean square of the surface roughness as low as 0.16 and 0.22 nm, respectively, over a scan area of 10 × 10 μm2, which are smooth enough to employ the wafer bonding. As a result, the fabrication of the InGaSb-OI wafers by the DWB and the operation of InGaSb-OI p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (p-MOSFETs) by using the DWB wafers are demonstrated. Also, the performance of InGaSb-OI p-MOSFETs is found to be improved by inserting ultrathin InAs layers between InGaSb and insulating buried oxide layers. An InGaSb-OI and an InAs/InGaAs-OI p-MOSFET under the accumulation-mode operation exhibit a peak mobility of ∼161 and ∼273 cm2/V s, respectively. The channel hole mobility of the InGaSb-OI p-MOSFET is higher than that of the GaSb-on-insulator (GaSb-OI) p-MOSFET and can exceed that of Si p-MOSFETs.
Capacitive sensor for fast pulsed voltage monitor in transmission line
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Ding Weidong , Qiu Aici
Published: March 2019

To monitor fast pulsed voltage in the transmission line of the fast linear transformer driver, a compact and self-integrating capacitive sensor is developed. A printed circuit board (PCB) with multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) serves as a low-voltage arm. Given the reflow structure of the PCB and a parallel arrangement of MLCCs, the residual inductance of the PCB low-voltage arm can be effectively reduced. Moreover, its capacitance can be easily adjusted. The capacitive sensor is designed using a coaxial structure, suitable for installation on the inner high voltage electrode of the secondary water-insulated transmission line. Three matching schemes for the measuring cable are discussed, showing that two-stage division with matching at the end of the cable is more suitable for fast pulsed voltage measurement due to its high dividing ratio and flat frequency response. A square wave with a rise time of ∼1.5 ns and a pulse width of ∼200 ns is used to verify the properties of the capacitive sensor. The results show that the rise time of the designed capacitive sensor can reach 1.5 ns when a short cable is used. Increasing capacitance of the low-voltage arm or resistance at the cable entrance will increase the time constant of the capacitive sensor, which improves its low-frequency properties. A long cable will significantly reduce the high-frequency response and the magnitude of the signal from the capacitive sensor.
Enhancement of critical current density by borohydride pinning in H-doped MgB2 bulks
Authors: Cai Qi , Zhang Tong-Yi , Zhao Qian , Zhang Zhiwei , Liu Yongchang , Li Qian
Published: March 2019

The present study discovers the significant enhancement of critical current density by borohydride pinning in H-doped MgB2 bulks. Second-phase borohydrides are formed by synthesizing MgB2 bulks ex situ in an H2 atmosphere and in situ with H-trapped boron based on the concept of gas doping. Second phase Mg(BH4)2 appears in the samples ex situ sintered in an H2 atmosphere, leading to an enhancement of critical current density at magnetic fields over 3 T. Moreover, the in situ synthesized samples from H-trapped boron also exhibit a significantly enhanced critical current density of 1.8 × 104 A cm−2 at 20 K and 3 T, due to Mg(BH4)2 pinning centers that are embedded in the MgB2 grains. In contrast, the critical current density is only 9.6 × 103 A cm−2 at 20 K and 3 T in an un-doped MgB2 sample.
Phonon-limited mobility modeling of gallium nitride nanowires
Authors: Kumar Viswanathan Naveen , Vasileska Dragica
Published: March 2019

The focus of this paper is on the development of a low field electron mobility solver for modeling GaN nanowires using an Ensemble Monte Carlo technique. A 2D Schrödinger-Poisson solver and a 1D Monte Carlo solver are self-consistently coupled for this purpose. Three scattering mechanisms, acoustic phonon scattering, polar optical phonon scattering, and piezoelectric scattering, are considered to account for the electron phonon interactions in the system. Simulated phonon limited mobility of the nanowire matches the available experimental data.
Magnetic properties of Fe-doped CuAlO2 and role of impurities
Authors: Aziziha Mina , Byard Seth A. , Beesely Ramon , Lewis James P. , Seehra Mohindar S. , Johnson Matthew B.
Published: March 2019

The delafossite CuAlO2 is a rare p-type semiconductor with potential applications as a thermoelectric and as a dilute magnetic semiconductor when doped with transition metal ions. Reported here are results from our investigations of CuAl1-xFexO2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1) with a focus on the x-dependence of structural and magnetic properties, and role of impurities. The samples prepared by the solid-state reaction at 1,100°C were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive (X-ray) spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetic results show that the Curie constant (C), low temperature magnetization (M) and the lattice constants scale with x. High resolution M-H loop measurements at 300 K and 10 K show negligible coercivity HC at 10 K but HC ∼ 100 Oe at 300K. These results suggest the presence of minute quantities of hematite (α-Fe2O3) that are not detected in our XRD and XPS. The role of impurities on the published results in this system is discussed.
Density scaling in the mechanics of a disordered mechanical meta-material
Authors: Rayneau-Kirkhope Daniel , Bonfanti Silvia , Zapperi Stefano
Published: March 2019

Nature provides examples of self-assemble lightweight disordered network structures with remarkable mechanical properties which are desirable for many application purposes but challenging to reproduce artificially. Previous experimental and computational studies investigated the mechanical responses of random network structures focusing on topological and geometrical aspects in terms of variable connectivity or probability to place beam elements. However, for practical purposes, an ambitious challenge is to design new materials with the possibility to tailor their mechanical features such as stiffness. Here, we design a two dimensional disordered mechanical meta-material exhibiting unconventional stiffness-density scaling in the regime where both bending and stretching are relevant for deformation. In this regime, the mechanical meta-material covers a wide interval of the Young modulus-density plane, simultaneously exhibiting high critical stress and critical strain. Our results, supported by finite element simulations, provide the guiding principles to design on demand disordered metamaterials, bridging the gap between artificial and naturally occurring materials.
Probing photodissociation dynamics using ring polymer molecular dynamics
Authors: Kaur Rajwant , Welsch Ralph
Published: March 2019

The performance of the ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) approach to simulate typical photodissociation processes is assessed. The correct description of photodissociation requires the calculation of correlation functions or expectation values associated with non-equilibrium initial conditions, which was shown to be possible with RPMD very recently [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 204118 (2016)]. This approach is combined with treatment of the nonadiabatic dynamics employing the ring polymer surface hopping approach (RPSH), which is based on Tully’s fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) approach. The performance is tested using one-dimensional photodissociation models. It is found that RPSH with non-equilibrium initial conditions can well reproduce the time-dependent dissociation probability, and adiabatic and diabatic populations for cases where the crossing point is below and above the Franck-Condon point, respectively, while standard FSSH fails to reproduce the exact quantum dynamics in the latter case. Thus, it is shown that RPSH is an efficient and accurate alternative to standard FSSH, which is one of the most widely employed approaches to study photochemistry.

The authors of the article agree to the retraction of the article effective 3 December 2021.
Intensified flow dynamics by second-order acoustic standing-wave mode: Vortex-excited acoustic resonances in channel branches
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Yingzheng
Published: March 2019

The intensified flow dynamics by the second acoustic standing-wave mode, superimposed with vortex-excited acoustic resonances inside a channel with coaxial side-branches, were experimentally investigated. In the experiments, the frequency lock-on range of vortex-excited acoustic resonances was determined first by comparing wall pressure fluctuations and simulated acoustic standing-wave modes. The intensified flow dynamics by the second acoustic standing-wave mode were measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV); the flow dynamics were also measured when coupled with the first standing-wave mode for comparison. The results demonstrate that shear layer developments over the branch entrance can be classified into three regions, i.e., the developing region, the transition region, and the collapsing region. Both the momentum thickness and the growth rate of the shear layer were significantly intensified in the developing and transition regions by the second standing-wave mode. The subsequent spatiotemporal evolutions of the shedding vortex, recirculation zone, and synchronous flow streaks were identified by the phase-locked PIV measurements. With second-order acoustic modulations, the shedding vortex breaks away from beneath the recirculation zone to impinge the downstream branch corner while directly converging with the recirculation zone during first-order modulation. Finally, the aeroacoustic energy transfer between vortex dynamics with standing waves was revealed using Howe’s aeroacoustic analogy. The energy transferred from the standing-waves contributed to the formation and development of the shedding vortex, while the energy produced by convection and the collapsing of the shedding vortex maintained the standing waves’ propagations. The accumulated aeroacoustic energy produced during one second-order acoustic resonance cycle was found to be up to 150 times that produced during one first-order cycle.
Modeling and analyzing a photo-driven molecular motor system: Ratchet dynamics and non-linear optical spectra
Authors: Ikeda Tatsushi , Dijkstra Arend G. , Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: March 2019

A light-driven molecular motor system is investigated using a multi-state Brownian ratchet model described by a single effective coordinate with multiple electronic states in a dissipative environment. The rotational motion of the motor system is investigated on the basis of wavepacket dynamics. A current determined from the interplay between a fast photochemical isomerization (photoisomerization) process triggered by pulses and a slow thermal isomerization (thermalization) process arising from an overdamped environment is numerically evaluated. For this purpose, we employ the multi-state low-temperature quantum Smoluchowski equations that allow us to simulate the fast quantum electronic dynamics in the overdamped environment, where conventional approaches, such as the Zusman equation approach, fail to apply due to the positivity problem. We analyze the motor efficiency by numerically integrating the equations of motion for a rotator system driven by repeatedly impulsive excitations. When the time scales of the pulse repetition, photoisomerization, and thermalization processes are separated, the average rotational speed of the motor is determined by the time scale of thermalization. In this regime, the average rotational current can be described by a simple equation derived from a rate equation for the thermalization process. When laser pulses are applied repeatedly and the time scales of the photoisomerization and pulse repetition are close, the details of the photoisomerization process become important to analyze the entire rotational process. We examine the possibility of observing the photoisomerization and the thermalization processes associated with stationary rotating dynamics of the motor system by spectroscopic means, e.g., pump-probe, transient absorption, and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy techniques.
Induction and stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Li Jingchun , Ji Xiaoquan , Dong Jiaqi , Hu Youjun , Liu SongFen , Yan Longwen ,   HL-2A Contributors
Published: March 2019

The induction and stabilization characteristics of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) on Hl-2A tokamak are presented. NTMs are induced by sawtooth oscillations of the m/n = 1/1 mode via toroidal coupling and by gas puffing fuelling in the experiments of HL-2A tokamak. The evolutions of NTMs are modeled with a two dimensional non-linear cylindrical tearing mode code and compared with the experimental observations. The stabilization of NTMs with electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) is numerically studied. It is found that a driven current as low as 0.015 of total plasma current can stabilize or even fully suppress NTMs. On the other hand, a small radial misalignment decreases the stabilizing effect considerably. In addition, a phase misalignment blocks the NTM stabilization and results in island width saturation at a moderate value. The effects of island rotation frequency on NTM stabilization are explored. Furthermore, it is found that the stabilizing effect can be improved efficiently by applying ECCD when the island width is less than a threshold value.
Study of RExFe100-x (RE = Tb, Dy, Gd) ferrimagnets for SOT application
Authors: Bhatt Ramesh Chandra , Ye Lin-Xiu , Luo Ying-Chuen , Wu Te-ho
Published: March 2019

Antiferromagnetic magnetization dynamics is more effective than ferromagnetic magnetization; however, it is extremely complex. Rare earth (RE) ferrimagnets, on the other hand, have tunable magnetization with associated negative exchange interaction in sublattices. Here, we study different RE-Fe ferrimagnets while changing the RE-content. We obtain various magnetic properties like saturation magnetization MS, coercivity HC, magnetic anisotropy energy constant Ku, exchange coupling constant λ, and compensation temperature Tcomp for different RE compositions. We suggest that along with MS and HC, λ is another important parameter that is easy to measure and has information that is similar to that in the spin-orbit torque effective field and the canting angle.
Trends of Major Depressive Episode among People with Cannabis Use: Findings from the National Survey on Drug use and Health 2006–2015
Authors: Carrà Giuseppe , Bartoli Francesco , Crocamo Cristina
Published: March 2019

Background: A dose-response association, suggesting that heavy cannabis users are more likely to report depressive disorders, has been hypothesized. However, evidence is not conclusive, and we aimed at testing the existence of a linear association between different levels of cannabis use and depressive disorders using large, representative, repeated surveys. Methods: We examined prevalence rates of different levels of past-year cannabis use and major depressive episode (MDE), separately for young people (12–17 years) and adults (18–64 years), using data between 2006 and 2015 from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Prevalence rates estimates with 95% confidence intervals were computed, and the association between past-year MDE and cannabis use was assessed. We then investigated whether time-period trends existed for MDE and, if so, whether these differed by cannabis use levels. Models included both time period, to evaluate trend changes in past-year MDE from 2006 to 2015, and time period by cannabis level interaction terms. Results: Cannabis users were more likely, using both single-year and pooled survey data, to have suffered from MDE in the past year. Multiple logistic regression models, after adjusting for time period, age, and gender, showed an association between MDE and cannabis use, regardless of its levels. However, a roughly dose-response relationship was detectable only for adults. Trends in past-year MDE prevalence rates among subjects with different levels of cannabis use did not differ from trends among nonusers. Women were more likely to report concurrent past-year MDE and cannabis use than men. Conclusions: Cannabis users have consistently higher prevalence rates of depressive disorders compared with nonusers, suggesting the need for integrated screening and treatment programs to tackle this comorbid condition.
Screening and Brief Intervention with Adolescents with Risky Alcohol Use in School-Based Health Centers: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Check Yourself Tool
Authors: McCarty Carolyn A. , Gersh Elon , Katzman Katherine , Lee Christine M. , Sucato Gina S. , Richardson Laura P.
Published: March 2019

Background

This study aimed to compare care delivery and alcohol and marijuana use for adolescents with risky alcohol use who received a school-based health center (SBHC) visit with and without the Check Yourself tool, an electronic tool that gives motivational feedback on substance use and summarizes results for providers.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 148 adolescents aged 13–18 who met criteria for moderate- to high- risk alcohol use, recruited from urban SBHCs. Participants were randomized to receive their SBHC visit with ( n = 73) or without ( n = 75) the Check Yourself screening and feedback tool. All SBHC providers received a brief training on motivational interviewing.

Results

Adolescents who received the Check Yourself tool + SBHC visit reported higher levels of alcohol (67%) and marijuana (73%) counseling from the provider during their visit, compared with those who received a SBHC visit without the tool (40% and 45%, respectively, Ps < .005), and had higher motivation to decrease marijuana use relative to those who did not ( P = .02). Relative to baseline, adolescents in both groups reduced their typical number of drinks of alcohol, maximum number of drinks of alcohol, and hours high on marijuana over time ( Ps < .02) at 2-month follow-up.

Conclusion

When adolescent patients are given an electronic screening and feedback tool, it can prompt providers to increase counseling of adolescents with substance use risk. Overall, participants who had a visit with a trained provider reported high satisfaction with care and decreased the amount of alcohol use over 2 months, suggesting that SBHCs are an excellent venue for delivery of brief substance use interventions.
Understanding the Implications of the “Vaping Epidemic” among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Call for Action
Authors: Chadi Nicholas , Hadland Scott E. , Harris Sion K.
Published: March 2019

In the past 5 years, the use of nicotine delivered through electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) has sky-rocketed among adolescents and young adults. E-cigarettes, with their high nicotine content, appealing flavors, low costs, wide availability, and discreet designs threaten 5 decades of progress in the fight against tobacco use. Aside from the increased risk of subsequent use of traditional cigarettes, marijuana, opioids, and other illicit drugs, building evidence indicates that e-cigarette use also exposes youth to several acute and long-term health risks that greatly outweigh the as-yet unfounded potential benefits from the use of e-cigarettes as a smoking reduction or cessation tool in this age group. We discuss some of the latest research on e-cigarettes, highlighting risks and harms associated with their use in adolescents and young adults, and suggest opportunities for action, including the enforcement of age, sales and marketing limitations, and concerted research and public health efforts to help curb what has become a new nicotine epidemic among youth.
Getting a handle on lipid droplets: Insights into ER–lipid droplet tethering
Authors: Nguyen Truc B. , Olzmann James A.
Published: March 2019

Lipid droplets (LDs) are hubs for lipid metabolism that form membrane contact sites with multiple organelles. In this issue, Hariri et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201808119) reveal the functions of Mdm1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–LD tethering in yeast and Datta et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201808133) identify a role for the Mdm1 orthologue, Snx14, as an ER–LD tether that regulates lipid metabolism in human cells.
Non-existence of negative weight derivations on positively graded Artinian algebras
Authors: Chen Hao , Yau Stephen , Zuo Huaiqing
Published: March 2019

Let

R
=

C

[

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
,

x
n

]

/

(

f
1

,
…
,

f
m

)

R= {\Bbb C}[x_1,x_2,\ldots , x_n]/(f_1,\ldots , f_m)

be a positively graded Artinian algebra. A long-standing conjecture in algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and rational homotopy theory is the non-existence of negative weight derivations on

R
R

. Alexsandrov conjectured that there are no negative weight derivations when

R
R

is a complete intersection algebra, and Yau conjectured there are no negative weight derivations on

R
R

when

R
R

is the moduli algebra of a weighted homogeneous hypersurface singularity. This problem is also important in rational homotopy theory and differential geometry. In this paper we prove the non-existence of negative weight derivations on

R
R

when the degrees of

f
1

,
…
,

f
m

f_1,\ldots ,f_m

are bounded below by a constant

C
C

depending only on the weights of

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

x_1,\ldots ,x_n

. Moreover this bound

C
C

is improved in several special cases.
Taut foliations in branched cyclic covers and left-orderable groups
Authors: Boyer Steven , Hu Ying
Published: March 2019

We study the left-orderability of the fundamental groups of cyclic branched covers of links which admit co-oriented taut foliations. In particular we do this for cyclic branched covers of fibred knots in integer homology33-spheres and cyclic branched covers of closed braids. The latter allows us to complete the proof of the L-space conjecture for closed, connected, orientable, irreducible33-manifolds containing a genus one fibred knot. We also prove that the universal abelian cover of a manifold obtained by generic Dehn surgery on a hyperbolic fibred knot in an integer homology33-sphere admits a co-oriented taut foliation and has left-orderable fundamental group, even if the surgered manifold does not, and that the same holds for many branched covers of satellite knots with braided patterns. A key fact used in our proofs is that the Euler class of a universal circle representation associated to a co-oriented taut foliation coincides with the Euler class of the foliation’s tangent bundle. Though known to experts, no proof of this important result has appeared in the literature. We provide such a proof in the paper.
The structure monoid and algebra of a non-degenerate set-theoretic solution of the Yang–Baxter equation
Authors: Jespers Eric , Kubat Łukasz , Van Antwerpen Arne
Published: March 2019

For a finite involutive non-degenerate solution

(
X
,
r
)

(X,r)

of the Yang–Baxter equation it is known that the structure monoid

M
(
X
,
r
)

M(X,r)

is a monoid of I-type, and the structure algebra

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

over a field

K
K

shares many properties with commutative polynomial algebras; in particular, it is a Noetherian PI-domain that has finite Gelfand–Kirillov dimension. In this paper we deal with arbitrary finite (left) non-degenerate solutions. Although the structure of both the monoid

M
(
X
,
r
)

M(X,r)

and the algebra

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

is much more complicated than in the involutive case, we provide some deep insights.

In this general context, using a realization of Lebed and Vendramin of

M
(
X
,
r
)

M(X,r)

as a regular submonoid in the semidirect product

A
(
X
,
r
)
⋊
Sym
⁡
(
X
)

A(X,r)\rtimes \operatorname {Sym} (X)

, where

A
(
X
,
r
)

A(X,r)

is the structure monoid of the rack solution associated to

(
X
,
r
)

(X,r)

, we prove that

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

is a finite module over a central affine subalgebra. In particular,

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

is a Noetherian PI-algebra of finite Gelfand–Kirillov dimension bounded by

|

X

|

|X|

. We also characterize, in ring-theoretical terms of

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

, when

(
X
,
r
)

(X,r)

is an involutive solution. This characterization provides, in particular, a positive answer to the Gateva-Ivanova conjecture concerning cancellativity of

M
(
X
,
r
)

M(X,r)

.

These results allow us to control the prime spectrum of the algebra

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

and to describe the Jacobson radical and prime radical of

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

. Finally, we give a matrix-type representation of the algebra

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

/

P

K[M(X,r)]/P

for each prime ideal

P
P

of

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

. As a consequence, we show that if

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

is semiprime, then there exist finitely many finitely generated abelian-by-finite groups,

G
1

,
…
,

G
m

G_1,\dotsc ,G_m

, each being the group of quotients of a cancellative subsemigroup of

M
(
X
,
r
)

M(X,r)

such that the algebra

K
[
M
(
X
,
r
)
]

K[M(X,r)]

embeds into
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper M Subscript v 1 Baseline left-parenthesis upper K left-bracket upper G 1 right-bracket right-parenthesis times midline-horizontal-ellipsis times normal upper M Subscript v Sub Subscript m Baseline left-parenthesis upper K left-bracket upper G Subscript m Baseline right-bracket right-parenthesis">

M

v
1

⁡
(
K
[

G
1

]
)
×
⋯
×

M

v
m

⁡
(
K
[

G
m

]
)

\operatorname {M}_{v_1}(K[G_1])\times \dotsb \times \operatorname {M}_{v_m}(K[G_m])

, a direct product of matrix algebras.
Consequences of applying the new EWGSOP2 guideline instead of the former EWGSOP guideline for sarcopenia case finding in older patients
Authors: Reiss J , Iglseder B , Alzner R , Mayr-Pirker B , Pirich C , Kässmann H , Kreutzer M , Dovjak P , Reiter R
Published: March 2019

Introduction

we examined the consequences of applying the new EWGSOP2 algorithm for sarcopenia screening instead of the former EWGSOP algorithm (EWGSOP1) in geriatric inpatients.

Methods

the dataset of our formerly published Sarcopenia in Geriatric Elderly (SAGE) study includes 144 geriatric inpatients (86 women, 58 men, mean age 80.7±5.6 years) with measurements of gait speed, handgrip strength and appendicular muscle mass by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We analysed the agreement between EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 algorithms in identifying patients as sarcopenic/non-sarcopenic. Differences in the distribution sarcopenic vs. non-sarcopenic were assessed by Chi²-test.

Results

sarcopenia prevalence according to EWGSOP1 (41 (27.7%)) was significantly higher than with EWGSOP2 (26(18.1%), p<0.05). The sex-specific sarcopenia prevalence was 22.1% (EWGSOP1) and 17.4% (EWGSOP2), respectively, for women (difference not significant) and 37.9% vs. 19.4% for men (p<0.05%). The overall agreement in classifying subjects as sarcopenic/non-sarcopenic was 81.25% (81.4% for women, 81.0% for men). However, among the 41 sarcopenia cases identified by EWGSOP1, only 20 (48.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia by EWGSOP2 (9/19 w (47.4%), 11/22 m (50.0%)). Ten of 19 women (52.6%) and 11 of 22 men (50.0%) diagnosed with sarcopenia by EWGSOP1 were missed by EWGSOP2, while 6 of 15 women (40.0%) and 0 of 11 men (0.0%) were newly diagnosed.

Discussion

there is a substantial mismatch in sarcopenia case finding according to EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2. The overall prevalence and the number of men diagnosed with sarcopenia are significantly lower in EWGSOP2. While the absolute number of women identified as sarcopenic remains relatively constant, the overlap of individual cases between the two definitions is low.
Graph convolutional networks for computational drug development and discovery
Authors: Sun Mengying , Zhao Sendong , Gilvary Coryandar , Elemento Olivier , Zhou Jiayu , Wang Fei
Published: March 2019

Despite the fact that deep learning has achieved remarkable success in various domains over the past decade, its application in molecular informatics and drug discovery is still limited. Recent advances in adapting deep architectures to structured data have opened a new paradigm for pharmaceutical research. In this survey, we provide a systematic review on the emerging field of graph convolutional networks and their applications in drug discovery and molecular informatics. Typically we are interested in why and how graph convolution networks can help in drug-related tasks. We elaborate the existing applications through four perspectives: molecular property and activity prediction, interaction prediction, synthesis prediction and de novo drug design. We briefly introduce the theoretical foundations behind graph convolutional networks and illustrate various architectures based on different formulations. Then we summarize the representative applications in drug-related problems. We also discuss the current challenges and future possibilities of applying graph convolutional networks to drug discovery.
Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in Sabah, Malaysia, 2015–2017: Ongoing Increase in Incidence Despite Near-elimination of the Human-only Plasmodium Species
Authors: Cooper Daniel J , Rajahram Giri S , William Timothy , Jelip Jenarun , Mohammad Rashidah , Benedict Joseph , Alaza Danshy A , Malacova Eva , Yeo Tsin W , Grigg Matthew J , Anstey Nicholas M , Barber Bridget E
Published: March 2019

Background

Malaysia aims to eliminate malaria by 2020. However, while cases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have decreased substantially, the incidence of zoonotic malaria from Plasmodium knowlesi continues to increase, presenting a major challenge to regional malaria control efforts. Here we report incidence of all Plasmodium species in Sabah, including zoonotic P. knowlesi, during 2015–2017.

Methods

Microscopy-based malaria notification data and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were obtained from the Sabah Department of Health and State Public Health Laboratory, respectively, from January 2015 to December 2017. From January 2016 this was complemented by a statewide prospective hospital surveillance study. Databases were matched, and species was determined by PCR, or microscopy if PCR was not available.

Results

A total of 3867 malaria cases were recorded between 2015 and 2017, with PCR performed in 93%. Using PCR results, and microscopy if PCR was unavailable, P. knowlesi accounted for 817 (80%), 677 (88%), and 2030 (98%) malaria cases in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. P. falciparum accounted for 110 (11%), 45 (6%), and 23 (1%) cases and P. vivax accounted for 61 (6%), 17 (2%), and 8 (0.4%) cases, respectively. Of those with P. knowlesi, the median age was 35 (interquartile range: 24–47) years, and 85% were male.

Conclusions

Malaysia is approaching elimination of the human-only Plasmodium species. However, the ongoing increase in P. knowlesi incidence presents a major challenge to malaria control and warrants increased focus on knowlesi-specific prevention activities. Wider molecular surveillance in surrounding countries is required.
Violence by Royal Command: A Judicial ‘Moment’ (1574–1575)
Authors: Roberts Penny
Published: March 2019

The Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre remains the defining event of religious violence in sixteenth-century France. Its causes have preoccupied historians, its consequences far less so. While some contemporary observers called into question the nature of absolute royal authority, others defended its use as long as it was cautious and judicious. In the wake of the massacre, however, the opposite seemed to be true, as a series of measures were taken against leading aristocrats at court and in the provinces. These included the close surveillance and virtual imprisonment of the king’s brother and the princes of the blood, swift and exemplary justice meted out to some of their close servants, the incarceration of two marshals of France, and the judicial execution of Protestant commanders. Above all, this ‘judicial moment’ of 1574-5 suggested that the monarchy was engaged on a new and threatening track, as the agent of violence against its own nobility, fuelling further discontent.
Political Justice and the Outbreak of the Wars of Religion
Authors: Carroll Stuart
Published: March 2019

This article presents new archival evidence which illuminates the dynamic of the violence in the Agenais, the ‘laboratory of religious violence.’ It shows how social networks coalesced in 1557-61 and formed into armed factions. It argues that, contrary to what is usually claimed, Protestant violence was not confined to iconoclasm, but was from its inception a highly politicized movement prepared to use force against identified enemies. The kernel of factionalism was a feud, which led to the creation of rival militias well before the outbreak of full-scale military campaigns in 1562. The violence was highly organized, not spontaneous and not inter-communal. In this respect the events in Guyenne are indicative of the political conflicts that would shape the ancien régime and even anticipate the violence that would attend its fall.
The A30P α-synuclein mutation decreases subventricular zone proliferation
Authors: Zhang Xue-Ming , Anwar Sabina , Kim Yongsoo , Brown Jennifer , Comte Isabelle , Cai Huan , Cai Ning-Ning , Wade-Martins Richard , Szele Francis G
Published: March 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with olfactory defects in addition to dopaminergic degeneration. Dopaminergic signalling is necessary for subventricular zone (SVZ) proliferation and olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn or Snca) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission, and SNCA mutations cause familial PD, but how α-syn and its mutations affect adult neurogenesis is unclear. To address this, we studied a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse expressing the A30P SNCA familial PD point mutation on an Snca−/− background. We confirmed that the SNCA-A30P transgene recapitulates endogenous α-syn expression patterns and levels by immunohistochemical detection of endogenous α-syn in a wild-type mouse and transgenic SNCA-A30P α-syn protein in the forebrain. The number of SVZ stem cells (BrdU+GFAP+) was decreased in SNCA-A30P mice, whereas proliferating (phospho-histone 3+) cells were decreased in Snca−/− and even more so in SNCA-A30P mice. Similarly, SNCA-A30P mice had fewer Mash1+ transit-amplifying SVZ progenitor cells but Snca−/− mice did not. These data suggest the A30P mutation aggravates the effect of Snca loss in the SVZ. Interestingly, calbindin+ and calretinin (CalR)+ periglomerular neurons were decreased in both Snca−/−, and SNCA-A30P mice but tyrosine hydroxylase+ periglomerular OB neurons were only decreased in Snca−/− mice. Cell death decreased in the OB granule layer of Snca−/− and SNCA-A30P mice. In the same region, CalR+ numbers increased in Snca−/− and SNCA-A30P mice. Thus, α-syn loss and human A30P SNCA decrease SVZ proliferation, cell death in the OB and differentially alter interneuron numbers. Similar disruptions in human neurogenesis may contribute to the olfactory deficits, which are observed in PD.
Cardiac hemi-autotransplantation as a new approach to resect complex left atrial neoplasms
Authors: Rajab T Konrad , Yazdchi Farhang , Woolley Ann E , Singh Steve K
Published: March 2019

Here, we describe cardiac hemi-autotransplantation as a novel technique to mobilize the heart substantially, facilitating resection of complex left atrial paraganglioma with negative margins in a young patient.
Differentiation of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and American Lotus Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Ostrinia penitalis, from North American Field Collections
Authors: Coates Brad S , Abel Craig A
Published: March 2019

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a perennial insect pest of cultivated maize that was inadvertently introduced into North America in the early 1900s, but population densities have decreased since the widespread adoption of transgenic hybrids that express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. The native American lotus borer, Ostrinia penitalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is among the most ancestral species described in the genus Ostrinia, and has a geographic range that coincides with that of O. nubilalis across major maize growing regions of North America. Due to the recent decrease in O. nubilalis populations, O. penitalis has become more pronounced in light trap samples intended to monitor O. nubilalis. A molecular tool based on variation in restriction endonuclease digestion pattern of a polymerase chain reaction amplified fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI) gene was developed and validated to differentiate these two species. This method was applied to light trap samples over a 2-yr period and achieved accurate quantification of species, and shows that O. penitalis can be prevalent in O. nubilalis first flight sampling. These methods are useful for contemporary O. nubilalis field research in North America.
Cryptic Lineages and a Population Dammed to Incipient Extinction? Insights into the Genetic Structure of a Mekong River Catfish
Authors: Ackiss Amanda S , Dang Binh T , Bird Christopher E , Biesack Ellen E , Chheng Phen , Phounvisouk Latsamy , Vu Quyen H D , Uy Sophorn , Carpenter Kent E
Published: March 2019

An understanding of the genetic composition of populations across management boundaries is vital to developing successful strategies for sustaining biodiversity and food resources. This is especially important in ecosystems where habitat fragmentation has altered baseline patterns of gene flow, dividing natural populations into smaller subpopulations and increasing potential loss of genetic variation through genetic drift. River systems can be highly fragmented by dams built for flow regulation and hydropower. We used reduced-representation sequencing to examine genomic patterns in an exploited catfish, Hemibagrus spilopterus, in a hotspot of biodiversity and hydropower development—the Mekong River basin. Our results revealed the presence of 2 highly divergent coexisting genetic lineages which may be cryptic species. Within the lineage with the greatest sample sizes, pairwise FST values, principal component analysis, and a STRUCTURE analysis all suggest that long-distance migration is not common across the Lower Mekong Basin, even in areas where flood-pulse hydrology has limited genetic divergence. In tributaries, effective population size estimates were at least an order of magnitude lower than in the Mekong mainstream indicating these populations may be more vulnerable to perturbations such as human-induced fragmentation. Fish isolated upstream of several dams in one tributary exhibited particularly low genetic diversity, high amounts of relatedness, and a level of inbreeding (GIS = 0.51) that has been associated with inbreeding depression in other outcrossing species. Our results highlight the importance of assessing genetic structure and diversity in riverine fisheries populations across proposed dam development sites for the preservation of these critically important resources.
Broader-Scale Monitoring for Federal Forest Planning: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Wurtzebach Zachary , Schultz Courtney , Waltz Amy E M , Esch Bryce E , Wasserman Tzeidle N
Published: March 2019

Federal land-management agencies are increasingly developing policies to support multiscale monitoring for land-management planning and decisionmaking. Regulations for national forest planning promulgated in 2012 require US Forest Service Regions to develop “broader-scale” monitoring strategies conducted at scales greater than a single planning unit that can complement forest plan monitoring strategies. Given that this requirement is relatively new, we conducted research to investigate the advantages, challenges, and opportunities associated with implementation. We conducted and analyzed interviews with 95 interviewees from forest and regional levels of the agency, and federal, state, nongovernment, and research organizations who could provide insight on broader-scale monitoring challenges and opportunities. We also drew on findings from four interagency workshops. We found that broader-scale monitoring strategies have the potential to generate efficiencies for forest planning processes and improve coordination and communication across levels of the agency and with external partners. Major challenges for implementation relate to limited human and financial resource capacity and the agency’s decentralized organizational structure and culture. Opportunities for addressing these issues include building capacity for implementation through partnerships and investing in regional capacity for coordination and implementation.
Blood Donation During Pregnancy Due to Anti-Ku Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Authors: Virk Mrigender , Papakonstantino Kathy , Cai Wei , Oh David , Andrews Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Background

Management of pregnancy in patients with Kell-null phenotype can be challenging. The immune systems of these patients form an antibody that is universally reactive against the Kell Blood Group System and can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Methods

A 29-year-old woman, pregnant for the first time, developed anti-D and anti-Ku. The mother had to have labor induced when her fetus showed signs of severe anemia, but no compatible blood was available for transfusion. The induction was delayed so that a unit of blood could be collected from the mother.

Results

Due to delayed cord clamping at delivery, the newborn did not have anemia and did not require a transfusion. The remaining blood was frozen for future needs.

Conclusion

Blood donation by a pregnant woman for potential transfusion to a newborn with anemia is safe for the mother and fetus, and is possibly the only option in hemolytic disease of the newborn due to a rare antibody.