bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bandit and Insurgent Attacks on Health and Education Infrastructure Hinder Access to Primary Healthcare and Education in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Abdulrahim Abdulrakib , Gulumbe Bashar Haruna , Faggo Abdlulahi Adamu , Usman Nazeef Idris , Yusuf Zaharadeen Muhammad , Abubakar Tirmizhi Munkaila
Published: June 2023

Armed conflict is a significant global issue that has far-reaching effects on various sectors, including the economy, education and healthcare. In Nigeria, two of the most severe conflicts are the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast and the surge in armed banditry in the northwest and north-central which have detrimental effects on the healthcare and education systems in the region. Here, we examine the impact of the conflicts on healthcare services and access to education. Recent attacks suggest an increase in terrorism, banditry, arms trafficking, and drug-related threats. Evidence suggests secret cooperation between terrorist groups and bandits in northern Nigeria, resulting in well-organized gangs establishing underground fiefdoms, and launching attacks on education and health facilities. The attacks have led to the interruption of essential services, which has increased the rates of maternal and newborn mortality, malnutrition, and the occurrence of infectious diseases. Similarly, the two groups have killed kidnapped, raped and displaced thousands of school children and teachers. In 2021 alone over 1000 schoolchildren were kidnapped with dozens of school facilities destroyed or abandoned. The number of children who are not enrolled in school has climbed from 10.5 million prior to the conflict to almost 20 million in 2022, underscoring the effect of the crisis on school enrollments. No doubt, these kinds of conflicts have generational consequences. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of the conflicts, fosters peace and stability, and provides humanitarian help to achieve sustainable development to address these concerns, is necessary.
Probability Formulation of Soft Error in Memory Circuit
Authors: Julai Norhuzaimin , Mohamad Farhana , Sapawi Rohana , Suhaili Shamsiah
Published: June 2023

Downscaling threatens the designers invested in integrity and error mitigation against soft errors. This study formulated the probability of soft error changing the logic state of a Differential Logic with an Inverter Latch (DIL). Using Cadence Virtuoso, current pulses were injected into various nodes in stages until a logic flip was instigated. The voltage and temperature parameters were increased to observe the current level changes over time. The critical charge from each stage was obtained, and a method to formulate the probability of each instance was developed. The voltage produced a higher effect of the change to the critical charge of any instance as compared to temperature. The findings revealed that the N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS) drain is more vulnerable to temperature and voltage variation than P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS).
Nutrient Leaching Losses from Continuous Application of Washed Rice Water on Three Contrasting Soil Textures
Authors: Nabayi Abba , Boon Sung Teh Christopher , Paing Tan Ngai , Kee Zuan Tan Ali
Published: June 2023

Washed rice water (WRW) is often used as liquid plant fertilizer. However, there is no study on nutrient leaching of soils due to frequent WRW application. Therefore, a column study was undertaken to evaluate the rate of nutrient leaching losses, nutrient retention, and recovery of elements in leachates of three different soil textures irrigated with WRW. The treatments were 3 soil textures and 2 water types. The treatments were evaluated for 8 weeks, and the soils and leachates were measured biweekly. Factorial and repeated measurements in a completely randomized design were therefore employed. Higher cumulative leaching of the elements was found in sandy clay loam soil with 666.29, 378.13, 138.51, 50.82, 44.61, and 27.30 mg L-1 of K, P, Mg, Ca, NH4+-N, and NO3--N, respectively. Higher percentages of elements recovery in leachate were found in the sandy clay loam soil with a range of increase by 37.8–283.1% than the other two soil textures. In contrast, after 8 weeks of WRW application, the clay and silt loam soils had a range of increase in nutrient retention by 0.43–1358.5% than the sandy clay loam, with P and NO3--N being the highest and the lowest elements retained, respectively, for all soil textures. This study showed that frequent WRW disposal on sandy textured soils risks higher environmental contamination, mainly due to the soil’s lower water retention and nutrients, leading to nutrient leaching. Therefore, organic amendments should be added to sandy textured soils.
Experimental Study on Spring Constants of Structural Glass Panel Joints Under In-Plane Loading
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Chen Pei Shan , Koizumi Nagisa , Liu Baoxin , Yan Xiangdong
Published: June 2023

Commonly, the columns and beams of glass panels are frequently subjected to in-plane loading, in which their joints will transfer the in-plane forces. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the spring constants of the joints of these glass panels for the mechanical analysis of the structures. However, few issues were published on this subject, so estimating the spring constants of glass structure joints is important. Devote themselves to proposing methods to evaluate the spring constants of the joints of structural glass panels. This study tests two types of glass panels with thicknesses of 12 mm and 19 mm based on static and cycling loading. In addition, two types of Cushions: (1) aluminum and (2) rubber with a hardness of 65 and 90 degrees, are set between steel bolt(s) and glass panel(s) for the experiments. The spring constants are determined by the ratios of measured loads and the displacements between the glass panels and bolts. In addition, the authors proposed an equation to evaluate the bending spring constant from its axial spring constant determined by the loading tests. The experimental results showed that the joints with the aluminum cushion appear exactly non-linear elasticity while loading and unloading. Also, the pin junction within the central region (no Curve) is 0.6mm. It is also determined that aluminum (cushion) slides of approximately ±0.3mm under compression and tension. While loading (Tension/compression) is incremental, rubber acts nonlinearly but linear as unloaded.
Algorithm for the Joint Flight of Two Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles Constituting a Bistatic Radar System for the Soil Remote Sensing
Authors: Linets Gennady , Bazhenov Anatoliy , Malygin Sergey , Grivennaya Natalia , Сhernysheva Тatiana , Melnikov Sergey
Published: June 2023

The study of soil agrophysical and agrochemical properties is based on ground-based point measurements and measurements conducted using radiometric remote sensing systems (satellite or airborne). A disadvantage of the existing remote sensing systems using normal surface irradiation is the insignificant depth of penetration of the probing radiation into the soil layer. It is proposed to use a radar system for remote sensing agricultural lands to eliminate this drawback. The system uses a method for assessing the soil’s physical and chemical properties based on the interference measurements of direct and reflected electromagnetic waves at incidence angles that provide a total refraction effect, i.e., close to Brewster’s angle. The possibility of using this method for remote assessment of soil’s physical and chemical properties, including the subsurface layer moisture, was established. A feature of the bistatic system is that it is necessary to coordinate the mutual arrangement of the transmitting and receiving positions, which imposes special requirements on the UAVs’ flight algorithm. The UAVs’ relative position makes it possible to form the conditions for the manifestation of the total refraction effect, to determine the current value of Brewster’s angle, and to fix these conditions for the subsequent flight, making it possible to measure the soil’s physical and chemical parameters. The research results can be used to implement precision farming technology in hard-to-reach places, large agricultural areas, and digital agriculture.
Correlation of Stromelysin-1 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 with Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Neural Network Study
Authors: Abdalsada Habiba Khdair , Hadi Hadi Hassan , F. Almulla Abbas , Najm Asawer Hassan , Al-Isa Ameer , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem
Published: June 2023

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The search for a biomarker that determines patients at great risk of CVD is still a hot topic of study. In the present study, stromelysin-1 and its inhibitor (TIMP1), in addition to atherogenic indices, were studied in ESRD patients. We assessed stromelysin-1, TIMP1, and lipid profile parameters in the serum of 60 ESRD patients and 30 healthy controls. A neural network study was conducted to determine the best factors for predicting ESRD patients more susceptible to developing CVD using the cut-off value of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) >0.24. ESRD patients have dyslipidemia, high atherogenic indices, and elevated levels of stromelysin-1 and TIMP1. There is a correlation between the rise in stromelysin-1 and its inhibitor and several atherogenic indices and lipids in those patients. The neural network results indicated that the area under the curve predicting CVD, using the measured eight parameters, was 0.833, with 80 % sensitivity and 100% specificity. The relative importance of the top four most effective input variables that represent the most important determinants for the prediction of high risk of CVD stromelysin-1 (100%), followed by eGFR (77.9%), TIMP1 (66.0%), and TIMP1/stromelysin-1 (30.7%). ESRD patients have dyslipidemia and are prone to CVD, and stromelysin-1 is the best parameter for predicting CVD in ESRD patients.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Psychiatry among Nursing Staffs in Tertiary Health Care Hospital
Authors: Djuraeva Zilola Aramovna , Togaeva Gulnora Siddiqovna , Davranova Aziza Davranovna
Published: June 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases on the globe. If at present the number of patients with diabetes in the world is 347 million people, then by 2025, according to scientists, this figure will reach at least 592 million, of which 90% will be in diabetes. Global trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes are also observed in Uzbekistan. The total number of patients with diabetes in Uzbekistan amounted to 230610 (706.24 per 100 thousand people), of which type 1 diabetes – 18349 (56.2 per 100 thousand people), type 2 diabetes – 212261 (650,0 per 100 thousand people). As a percentage, patients with type 1 diabetes of the total number of patients with diabetes is 8.0%, patients with type 2 diabetes are 92.0%. Maintaining a constantly normal or near normal concentration of glucose in the blood slows down the onset and progression of late complications of type 2 diabetes. In the absence of achieving the target glycemic values against the background of the use of a rational combination of oral hypoglycemic drugs, it is shown that baseline action is added to insulin treatment to suppress liver gluconeogenesis and normalize fasting glucose. The combination of sulfonylurea derivatives (PSM) and basal insulin has been well studied and has proven. In addition, the combined use of metformin and insulin was widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, at present there is no evidence base in favor of their joint appointment.
Evidence Based Treatments of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Al-Shammari Ahmed Hamza , Shandookh Qusay Jassam
Published: June 2023

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is considered as major non-cicatricial alopecia which causes progressive hair follicle miniaturization. To a large extent, a person's genetic makeup and hormonal environment determine whether or not their terminal scalp hairs will be transformed into vellus hairs. AGA becomes more common and commoner as people get older. AGA is a progressive disorder characterized by a shortening of the anagen phase and maintenance of the telogen phase. Females with AGA tend to see more diffuse hair loss over the head, while males with AGA tend to experience thinning near the vertex. The gold standard treatments for AGA are minoxidil (used topically) and finasteride (an oral 5α-reductase inhibitor type II inhibitor) and they are the only medications accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to date. The success of existing therapy for AGA is frequently questioned, making the discovery of new therapeutics for this illness of critical importance. In an effort to slow the disease's course and boost its outcomes, this article will examine the causes and diagnostic tools used to identify AGA.
Clinical and Immunological Considerations of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in COVID-19 A Review
Authors: Bazarova S. A. , Saatov Z. Z. , Nazirova M. Kh.
Published: June 2023

Currently, effective methods for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections have not been developed. This could be attributed to the unique pathogenesis of the coronavirus infection and the rapid global spread of the pandemic, which have posed challenges to ongoing research efforts. Similar to other viral infections, coronavirus infection leads to the development and dissemination of the inflammatory process, resulting in viremia or the systemic spread of the infection. This uncontrolled inflammatory response is characterized by elevated levels of cytokines such as IFNy, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 in the bloodstream, transitioning the initial inflammatory reaction into a phase known as the cytokine storm. The cytokine storm is marked by severe clinical and laboratory manifestations. Consequently, it is crucial to implement appropriate therapies that target the uncontrolled inflammation induced by the virus rather than viremia itself. Hence, the aim of our study was to investigate the impact of monoclonal antibodies, specifically the medication "Kazirivimab + Imdevimab," which is a combination of recombinant monoclonal antibodies targeting the S-protein, on the clinical progression and laboratory parameters in patients with COVID-19.
Polyherbal Instant Premix :A Progressive Step in Combating Kidney Stones
Authors: Mr Payaam Vohra  , Ms Poonam Yadav  , Mr Pradeep Saroj
Published: June 2023

It is a known fact that over 40 % of the world's population depends on herbal medicines and products for healthy living. The aim of the present cram was to investigate the potential of a polyherbal formulation in the management of Renal calculi. This article provides a general idea of the amalgamation of multiple phytoconstituents in a single compound mixture to aid kidney stones. Rather than novel formulations or discovering new moieties for the management of Renal stones, the current review emphasizes upon designing a formulation encompassing a herbal phytoconstituent for enhanced therapeutic benefits. The present study concludes that this ready mix formed can prove to bring about a paradigm shift in the treatment of Kidney stones. Premixed drugs may save time as compared to admixing and instantly ready when you need it. In the present cram we tried to explore and exploits various botanical drugs for their
Basic characteristics of floating car data from the perspective of traffic loss during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Purkrábková Zuzana
Published: June 2023

Data from floating vehicles is a modern technology and can be another source of data. There is a free data source available in the Czech Republic, which is relatively new. The addressed source of data from floating vehicles covers the whole Czech Republic, which is a promising source for future use e.g. in transport planning in logistics, estimation of travel times and other related issues. For this reason, it is appropriate to examine the qualitative parameters of the data to see if they characterize the traffic stream. The present paper deals with the size of the processed data. Furthermore, the paper compares the data quality and coverage. January data for four subsequent years was used. The period of the COVID19 pandemic, when traffic declined, was included. Finally, data from selected highways are compared and the period covered is evaluated.
Homosexuales evangélicos: Expulsados del infierno y Renacidos en Gracia
Authors: Orellana Rojas Zicri , Rondanelli DelPiano Pierina
Published: June 2023

El siguiente articulo da a conocer la experiencia de 8 homosexuales evangélicos y su proceso de asumirse como tales. El análisis de los datos se realizó a partir de la Teoría Empíricamente Fundamentada, que permitió obtener como principales resultados la existencia de 3 procesos paralelos: el del homosexual, de las familias y las iglesias. Lo que más destaca es que en el caso de homosexuales y familias, se vive un proceso que va desde la negación y duelo, hasta la aceptación e integración. En el caso de las iglesias, estas presentan mayor resistencia al cambio.
Traducciones de los equipos locales en la implementación de programas sociales en Chile
Authors: Leyton Navarro Cristian
Published: June 2023

En Chile, la implementación de políticas sociales es aún un proceso poco estudiado empíricamente, a pesar de ser un componente central del ciclo de política. En el proceso de implementación intervienen diversos actores, quienes interpretan y traducen las orientaciones de política usando su discreción. Este trabajo busca identificar y analizar diversos ámbitos de la implementación de programas sociales en los que se evidencia la traducción realizada por los equipos profesionales en el nivel local y los factores que caracterizan este proceso. Utilizando un enfoque interpretativo y metodología cualitativa, este estudio se basó en una revisión documental y en entrevistas a coordinadoras/es de programas sociales a nivel municipal. Los hallazgos permiten identificar traducciones y adaptaciones realizadas por los equipos locales durante la implementación en tres aspectos claves del diseño de los programas sociales: i) el problema que enfrentan, ii) los objetivos de la política, y iii) las estrategias metodológicas y actividades que desarrollan. A partir de lo anterior, se destaca la centralidad que tienen los cambios al diseño de los programas sociales durante su implementación y la importancia de los equipos locales en la producción de dichos cambios.
“Imagina um campo de futebol sendo desmatado por minuto! É muita coisa!”: vestígios de desenvolvimento crítico de estudantes do ensino fundamental em cenários para investigação
Authors: Cruz Rodrigo De Menezes , Torisu Edmilson Minoru
Published: June 2023

O principal objetivo do presente artigo foi desvelar contribuições para a formação crítica de estudantes de uma escola pública do interior de Minas Gerais, quando envolvidos em cenários para investigação. No total, foram propostas três atividades diferentes do que comumente ocorre em sala de aula e que levaram os estudantes a experimentar novos caminhos para a aprendizagem matemática. Particularmente, os novos caminhos trilhados pelos alunos no decorrer das atividades permitiram que eles colocassem em dúvida a ideologia da certeza matemática e passassem a ter um olhar mais crítico acerca do tema “desmatamento”, por meio de resultados matemáticos, levando-os ao desenvolvimento da matemacia.
MARIA APP – CHATBOT: utilizando linguagem natural para auxílio no combate e prevenção da COVID-19 na cidade de Corrente – PI
Authors: Marciano Juan Morysson Viana , Silva Cristian Paulo Nunes , Monteiro Gilmar Batista , Santos Felipe Gonçalves
Published: June 2023

This article proposes the creation of a chatbot application for Android devices and the construction of an administrative web system. It was created to assist in monitoring and clarifying doubts about COVID-19 in the city of Corrente-PI in partnership with the Municipal Health Department, in its development the DiagloFlow platform was used for training Artificial Intelligence, which will respond to the user and the Flutter programming language. The results obtained through the tests carried out via chat conversation and their efficiency in combating COVID-19 will be presented, which will be presented in the form of graphs and metrics.
Eski Mezopotamya ve Anadolu Toplumlarında Meyvelerin Önemi ve Kullanım Alanlarına Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YILMAZ Ömer Faruk
Published: June 2023

İnsanoğlu yaşamsal faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmek için besin tüketmek mecburiyetindedir. Bu yüzden İnsanlar ilk var olduğu günden bu yana bu temel yaşam gereksinimini sağlamak için hep mücadele içinde olmuşlardır. Tarihten bu yana değişik metodlarla ve evrelerle besin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamışlardır. İnsanlar doğada hazır olan bazı yemiş ve meyveleri keşfetmiş ve tüketmişlerdir. Daha sonra bunların tohumlarını saklamışlar ve ekmişlerdir. Coğrafyalarının koşullarına uygun olarak yetiştirdikleri meyve ağaçlarının ürünlerini sadece kendileri tüketmemişler ticaret yoluyla başkalarına da satmışlardır. Medeniyetin beşiği olarak kabul edilen Mezopotamya ve Anadolu coğrafyasında da kadim medeniyetler meyve ağaçlarından faydalanmışlardır. Elde edilen meyveleri bazen sade meyve olarak tüketmişler, bazen de yemeklerin içine katıp yemeği tatlandırarak değişik tariflerde kullanmışlardır. Ayrıca bu meyvelerin bazılarından içecek yapmışlardır. Meyve ağaçlarının korunmasına özen gösterip özel düzenlemeler yapmışlardır. Bu ağaçlara zarar verenlere ağır yaptırımlar uygulanmıştır. En taze ve pahalı meyveleri Tanrıların rızasını kazanmak için günlük olarak ve bayram günleri gibi özel günlerde onlara kurban olarak sunmuşlardır. Bazı meyvelere kutsallık atfetmişler ,bazı meyveleri ise ilaç yapımında kullanmışlardır.
Pengaruh Media Audiovisual Youtube terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 37 Semarang
Authors: Ulfiana Ulfiana , Wismanto Agus , Saroh Saroh
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data dan mengetahui apakah media audiovisual Youtube berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan peserta didik menulis khususnya teks eksplanasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan model Pra-Experimental Design dengan One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Populasinya yaitu 32 peserta didik kelas VIII F dengan pengumpulan data berupa tes. SPSS 16 digunakan untuk menganalisis data untuk mencari mean, uji normalitas variabel, serta menguji paired sample t-test. Nilai mean pretest yaitu 63,12, serta mean posttest 86,25. Hasil normalitas uji Saphiro-Wilk, menunjukkan nilai pretest bersignifikansi 0,047 > 0,05, sedangkan nilai posttest bersignifikansi 0,003 > 0,05. Disimpulkan bahwa distribusi penelitian adalah normal. Berdasarkan hasil paired sample test, signifikansi ₂tailed < 0,05 dengan perolehan 0,000 < 0,05, dengan thitung > ttabel (13,108 > 2,039), maka menunjukkan bahwa Hipotesis awal di tolak dan Hipotesis akhir diterima. Dapat disimpulkan penggunaan media audiovisual Youtube berpengaruh pada keterampilan menulis eksplanasi peserta didik kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 37 Semarang.
Profil Penggunaan Web dalam Pembelajaran IPA di SMP Se-Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Roshayanti Fenny , Khoiri Nur
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran penggunaan web atau blog dalam pembelajaran IPA di SMP se-Kabupaten Grobogan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel random cluster sampling. Sampel sebanyak 75 guru dari 236 guru IPA yang tersebar di 19 kecamatan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan wawancara tentang penggunaan web dalam pembelajaran IPA. Diperoleh data 89,3 % laboratorium komputer terkoneksi dengan internet. Dari 72,00 % SMP memiliki web hanya 8,0% digunakan pembelajaran IPA dan dari 28,0 % guru IPA yang memiliki blog hanya 8,0% digunakan pembelajaran IPA. Seluruh guru saat di rumah memiliki akses internet 100% terdiri atas 65% menggunakan wifi dan 35% menggunakan paket data. Dari data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan web dalam pembelajaran IPA di SMP se-kabupaten Grobogan masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan fasilitas internet yang dimiliki sekolah dan guru. Disarankan agar guru IPA SMP se-Kabupaten Grobogan melakukan pengembangan diri berkaitan pemanfaatan web.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Melaksanakan Program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) Melalui Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah di SD Negeri 5 Getas
Authors: Sugiyartini Sugiyartini
Published: June 2023

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) di SD Negeri 5 Getas yang masih belum sesuai harapan. Peneliti menerapkan supervisi akademik kepada para guru untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Supervisi akademik memiliki definisi serangkaian kegiatan yang ditujukan untuk membantu guru mengembangkan kemampuan mengelola pembelajaran. Melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik, diharapkan guru dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dan kompetensinya mengajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan proses peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) melalui supervisi akademik Kepala Sekolah di SD Negeri 5 Getas, 2). Mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) melalui supervisi akademik Kepala Sekolah di SD Negeri 5 Getas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) melalui supervisi akademik Kepala Sekolah di SD Negeri 5 Getas Kecamatan Singorojo Kabupaten Kendal semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 berupa pengarahan, bimbingan, dan motivasi kepada para guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran daring sesuai dengan prosedur yang dilakukan secara rutin dan terjadwal. Selain itu, peneliti memberikan masukan, umpan balik, dan perbaikan atas kekurangan yang masih terjadi. Peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah) melalui supervisi akademik Kepala Sekolah di SD Negeri 5 Getas Kecamatan Singorojo Kabupaten Kendal semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 mencapai 100% dengan prolehan nilai minimal 76 – 85 (Baik). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya pembinaan melalui supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan program BDR (Belajar Dari Rumah), para guru menjadi semakin kompeten dalam perencanaan dan proses pembelajaran daring. Terbukti pada tiap siklusnya, kemampuan guru mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Nilai rata-rata kemampuan guru sebelum pelaksanaan tindakan siklus I sebesar 61,46, setelah pelaksanaan tindakan siklus I mencapai 75,00, kemudian setelah pelaksanaan tindakan siklus II meningkat menjadi 82,29.
Peningkatan Kinerja Guru dalam Mengajar melalui Penerapan Supervisi Klinis Berbasis Focus Group Discussion di SD Negeri 2 Trayu
Authors: Sumarmi Sumarmi
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk 1) mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah penerapan supervisi klinis untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam mengajar, dan 2) mendeskripsikan peningkatan kinerja guru dalam mengajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan supervisi klinis berbasis Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sudah berjalan dengan baik dan sudah sesuai dengan prosedur sebagaimana mestinya. Langkah-langkah penerapan supervisi klinis berbasis Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang dilakukan peneliti selaku kepala sekolah melalui 6 tahapan, yaitu 1) Menentukan moderator dan insentif bagi peserta, 2) Mempersiapkan tim dan rencana pelaksanaan, 3) Pelaksanaan Focus Group Discussion (FGD), 4) Mencatat dan meringkas substansi, 5) Melihat dan menganalisis data, dan 6 ) Mengolah data dan pengambilan keputusan. Pelaksanaan supervisi klinis kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru dalam mengajar di SD Negeri 2 Trayu memberikan hasil yang sangat memuaskan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari terwujudnya kompetensi profesional guru di sekolah yang mencakup keterampilan guru dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran, mengelola dan melaksanakan pembelajaran serta melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran yang merupakan indikator guru profesional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan supervisi klinis berbasis Focus Group Discussion (FGD) terbukti mampu meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam mengajar secara signifikan. Pada kondisi awal nilai rata-rata kinerja guru dalam mengajar hanya mencapai 69,62 dengan kategori C (Rendah), pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 78,77 dengan kategori B (Sedang) dan pada akhir siklus II menjadi 89,55 dengan kategori A (Tinggi). Dengan demikian indikator kinerja guru dalam mengajar melalui penerapan supervisi klinis berbasis Focus Group Discussion (FGD) di SD Negeri 2 Trayu semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 sebesar ≥ 75,00% guru memperoleh kategori kinerja guru tinggi dengan rentang nilai 86 – 100 sudah tercapai..
Impelentasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Example Non Example untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Tentang Satuan Waktu Kelas III SD Negeri Bugangan 03 Semarang
Authors: Ismariyono Ismariyono
Published: June 2023

Masalah yang dikeluhkan guru Kelas III SD N Bugangan 03 pada mata pelajaran Matematika adalah rendahnya nilai Matematika terutama pada tentang Satuan Waktu. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan diadakannya tes awal kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran Matematika tentang “Satuan Waktu” masih rendah yaitu dari 31 Siswa hanya 13 siswa (41,94%) yang mendapat nilai di atas 76 (di atas KKM). Maka salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam pembelajaran Matematika adalah melalui pembelajaran example non example. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar dan hasil belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif  Example non Example pada mata pelajaran Matematika pada tentang Satuan Waktu Kelas III Semester 2  SD N Bugangan 03 tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas III berjumlah 31 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Instrument yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah tes tertulis. Hasil penelitian: (1) Penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe example non example dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, dibuktikan dengan peningkatan belajar siswa pada prasiklus rata-rata 69,14. Pada siklus I rata-rata 74,64, dan pada siklus II rata-rata kelas 81,71; (2) Penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe example non example dapat meningkatkan ketuntasan hasil belajar, dibuktikan dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa pada prasiklus 39,29%. Pada siklus I ketuntasan belajar klasikal 71,43% dan pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar klasikal 85,42%. Keberhasilan penelitian ini pencapaian indikator keberhasilan 85,42 % > 75% dari jumlah siswa yang mencapai dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Kesimpulannya, implementasi model pembelajaran example non example dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika.
Peningkatan Hasil dan Aktivitas Belajar Materi Teks Eksplanasi dengan Model Think-Talk-Write Berbantu Media Komik Strip
Authors: Sudiyati Sudiyati
Published: June 2023

Keterampilan menulis adalah salah satu keterampilan berbahasa yang perlu dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan sebagai sarana komunikasi tulis. Menulis harus dilakukan secara efektif dan efisien mengingat menulis merupakan kegiatan produktif dan ekspresif. Peningkatan keterampilan menulis perlu dilakukan dengan pendekatan yang tepat guna dan berdaya guna. Dalam hal ini, guru sebagai fasilitator berperan penting memilih metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan pembelajaran keterampilan menulis. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model think-talk-write berbantu media komik strip pada pembelajaran menulis teks eksplanasi. Dalam penelitian ini, subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini yaitu hasil belajar dan aktivitas siswa di kelas pada siklus 1 mampu mencapai rata-rata skor setiap aspek yaitu ≥ 75 % atau pada kriteria baik dan pada siklus 2 meningkat menjadi ≥ 75 %. Rata-rata nilai menunjukkan peningkatan dari 73.03 pada siklus I menjadi 78.35 pada siklus II. Rata-rata kenaikan hasil belajar rendah disebabkan beberapa faktor yaitu siswa terfokus untuk menulis ulang isi dalam komik, tidak menyisipkan kosakata yang lebih bervariatif, dan sering melakukan kesalahan pada ejaan, tanda baca, penggunaan huruf kapital, dan penataan paragraf. Sedangkan aktivitas belajar siswa mengalami kenaikan dari sebanyak 58,33% pada siklus I menjadi 86,11% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang sudah dilakukan diperoleh simpulan bahwa pembelajaran teks eksplanasi dengan model think-talk-write berbantu media komik strip mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 6 Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023.
Development of a CMAQ–PMF-based composite index for prescribing an effective ozone abatement strategy: a case study of sensitivity of surface ozone to precursor volatile organic compound species in southern Taiwan
Authors: Chang Jackson Hian-Wui , Griffith Stephen M. , Kong Steven Soon-Kai , Chuang Ming-Tung , Lin Neng-Huei
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Photochemical ozone pollution is a serious air quality
problem under weak synoptic conditions in many areas worldwide. Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) are largely responsible for ozone production in
urban areas where nitrogen oxide (NOx) mixing ratios are high while usually not a
limiting precursor to ozone (O3). In this study, the Community Multiscale Air
Quality model higher-order decoupled direct method (CMAQ-HDDM) at an
urban-scale resolution (1.0 km×1.0 km) in conjunction with positive matrix
factorization (PMF) was used to identify the dominant sources of highly
sensitive VOC species to ozone formation in southern Taiwan, a complex
region of coastal urban and industrial parks and inland mountainous areas.
First-order, second-order, and cross sensitivities of ozone concentrations to
domain-wide (i.e., urban, suburban, and rural) NOx and VOC emissions were
determined for the study area. Negative (positive) first-order sensitivities
to NOx emissions are dominant over urban (inland) areas, confirming
ozone production sensitivity favors the VOC-limited regime (NOx-limited
regime) in southern Taiwan. Furthermore, most of the urban areas also
exhibited negative second-order sensitivity to NOx emissions,
indicating a negative O3 convex response where the linear increase of
O3 from decreasing NOx emissions was largely attenuated by the
nonlinear effects. Due to the solidly VOC-limited regime and the relative
insensitivity of O3 production to increases or decreases of NOx
emissions, this study pursued the VOC species that contributed the most to
ozone formation. PMF analysis driven by VOCs resolved eight factors including
mixed industry (21 %), vehicle emissions (22 %), solvent usage (17 %),
biogenic sources (12 %), plastic industry (10 %), aged air mass (7 %),
motorcycle exhausts (7 %), and manufacturing industry (5 %).
Furthermore, a composite index that quantitatively combined the CMAQ-HDDM
sensitivity coefficient and PMF-resolved factor contribution was developed
to identify the key VOC species that should be targeted for effective ozone
abatement. Our results indicate that VOC control measures should target
(1) solvent usage for painting, coating and the printing industry, which
emits abundant toluene and xylene; (2) gasoline fuel vehicle emissions of
n-butane, isopentane, isobutane, and n-pentane; and (3) ethylene and
propylene emissions from the petrochemical industry.
HYPHOP: a tool for high-altitude, long-range monitoring of hydrogen peroxide and higher organic peroxides in the atmosphere
Authors: Hamryszczak Zaneta , Hartmann Antonia , Dienhart Dirk , Hafermann Sascha , Brendel Bettina , Königstedt Rainer , Parchatka Uwe , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Measurements of hydroperoxides help improve the understanding of atmospheric oxidation processes. We introduce an instrumental setup designed for airborne hydroperoxide measurements. The instrument has been deployed on the German High-Altitude and Long-range Observatory (HALO) aircraft. The HYdrogen Peroxide and Higher Organic Peroxides (HYPHOP) monitor based on dual-enzyme fluorescence spectroscopy enables measurements up to ambient pressure of approximately 150 hPa pressure altitude (13.5–14 km). The main goal of this work is the characterization of the measurement method and data acquisition with special emphasis on potential interferences impacting instrumental uncertainty. Physically driven interferences were examined based on a dedicated test flight to investigate potential measurement inconsistencies arising from the dynamic movement patterns of the aircraft. During the test flight, the hydroperoxide monitor was operated in the background air sampling mode with purified air by scrubbing atmospheric trace gases, to investigate the instrumental stability and potential parameters that might affect the measurements. We show that technical and physical challenges during flight maneuvers do not critically impact the instrumental performance and the absolute measurements of hydroperoxide levels. Dynamic processes such as convective transport in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) are well-resolved as shown in the overview of a recent measurement campaign, Chemistry of the Atmosphere Field Experiment in Brazil in December 2022–January 2023 (CAFE-Brazil). The instrument precision based on the measurement results during CAFE-Brazil for hydrogen peroxide and the sum of organic hydroperoxides is estimated to be 6.4 % (at 5.7 ppbv) and 3.6 % (at 5.8 ppbv), respectively, and the corresponding detection limits 20 pptv and 19 pptv for a data acquisition frequency of 1 Hz, subsequently integrated over 120 second time intervals.
CHELSA-W5E5: daily 1 km meteorological forcing data for climate impact studies
Authors: Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Lange Stefan , Hari Chantal , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Conrad Olaf , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Frieler Katja
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Current changes in the world's climate increasingly
impact a wide variety of sectors globally, from agriculture and ecosystems to
water and energy supply or human health. Many impacts of climate on these
sectors happen at high spatio-temporal resolutions that are not covered by
current global climate datasets. Here we present CHELSA-W5E5 (https://doi.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.836809.3, Karger et
al., 2022): a climate forcing dataset at daily temporal resolution and 30 arcsec spatial resolution for air temperatures, precipitation rates, and
downwelling shortwave solar radiation. This dataset is a spatially
downscaled version of the 0.5∘ W5E5 dataset using the CHELSA V2
topographic downscaling algorithm. We show that the downscaling generally
increases the accuracy of climate data by decreasing the bias and
increasing the correlation with measurements from meteorological stations.
Bias reductions are largest in topographically complex terrain. Limitations
arise for minimum near-surface air temperatures in regions that are prone to
cold-air pooling or at the upper extreme end of surface downwelling
shortwave radiation. We further show that our topographically downscaled
climate data compare well with the results of dynamical downscaling using
the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model, as time series from both sources are
similarly well correlated to station observations. This is remarkable given
the lower computational cost of the CHELSA V2 algorithm compared to WRF and
similar models. Overall, we conclude that the downscaling can provide higher-resolution climate data with increased accuracy. Hence, the dataset will be
of value for a wide range of climate change impact studies both at global
level and for applications that cover more than one region and
benefit from using a consistent dataset across these regions.
Quartz under stress: Raman calibration and applications of metamorphic inclusions to geobarometry
Authors: Reynard Bruno , Zhong Xin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. An experimental calibration of the shifts of three major Raman peaks of quartz with hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial differential stress is presented, and implications for their use in geobarometry based on
Raman spectroscopy of quartz inclusions are discussed. The position of the 206 cm−1 peak depends only on hydrostatic pressure P, and its pressure dependence is recalibrated with a peak-fitting procedure that is more adequate for Raman barometry than previous calibrations. The position of the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks depends on P and also on differential stress σ, which can be determined from the position of these two peaks knowing hydrostatic pressure from the position of the 206 cm−1 peak. The results obtained here are different from those inferred previously from first-principles calculations. The present calibration provides direct relationships between Raman shifts and stress, with a simple formulation of residual pressure and differential stress assuming uniaxial stress along the c axis of quartz inclusions. It is tested on data from experimental and natural inclusions. Residual pressures from the present calibration are similar within uncertainties to those obtained with previous experimental calibrations. Residual differential stresses obtained from the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks are very sensitive to the precision of Raman measurements. Experimental inclusions yield residual pressures consistent with synthesis pressure. Differential stresses obtained on some experimental inclusions are sometimes incompatible, providing a criterion for identifying inclusions under complex stress conditions that are not appropriate for geobarometry. Recent data on natural inclusions show self-consistent differential stress, consistent with the assumption of major stress along the symmetry axis of the inclusion crystals. The average pressure values from the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks are similar to the residual pressure from the 206 cm−1 peak that depends only on hydrostatic pressure. It can be used to obtain pressure when the 206 cm−1 peak position cannot be used due to interference with host mineral peaks. Using the 128 and 464 cm−1 peaks alone, or averaging either 128 and 206 or 206 and 464 cm−1 peaks, can induce systematic bias in the residual pressure determination. Applications of the present results to natural inclusions suggest that combined determination of residual pressure and differential stress may be used for both barometry and thermometry pending further calibration.
Strategies for regional modeling of surface mass balance at the Monte Sarmiento Massif, Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Temme Franziska , Farías-Barahona David , Seehaus Thorsten , Jaña Ricardo , Arigony-Neto Jorge , Gonzalez Inti , Arndt Anselm , Sauter Tobias , Schneider Christoph , Fürst Johannes J.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study investigates strategies for calibration of surface mass balance (SMB) models in the Monte Sarmiento Massif (MSM), Tierra del Fuego, with the goal of achieving realistic simulations of the
regional SMB. Applied calibration strategies range from a local
single-glacier calibration to a regional calibration with the inclusion of a
snowdrift parameterization. We apply four SMB models of different complexity. In this way, we examine the model transferability in space, the benefit of regional mass change observations and the advantage of increasing the
complexity level regarding included processes. Measurements include ablation
and ice thickness observations at Schiaparelli Glacier as well as elevation
changes and flow velocity from satellite data for the entire study site.
Performance of simulated SMB is validated against geodetic mass changes and
stake observations of surface melting. Results show that transferring SMB
models in space is a challenge, and common practices can produce distinctly
biased estimates. Model performance can be significantly improved by the use
of remotely sensed regional observations. Furthermore, we have shown that
snowdrift does play an important role in the SMB in the Cordillera Darwin, where strong and consistent winds prevail. The massif-wide average annual
SMB between 2000 and 2022 falls between −0.28 and −0.07 m w.e. yr−1,
depending on the applied model. The SMB is mainly controlled by surface
melting and snowfall. The model intercomparison does not indicate one
obviously best-suited model for SMB simulations in the MSM.
Fabrication and Characterization of Manganese Based Thin Films in Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Nurul Islam Md.
Published: June 2023

The objective of the present work is to pursue and characterize the physical properties of inorganic transparent conducting oxide thin layer films made by spin-coating technique/spray pyrolysis technique and compare these properties with other sensitizing agents. It isexpected that this method will lead to the development of a new platform for the contribution of inorganic TCOs’ physical properties. I also hope that this technique will be helpful to enhance the efficiency and potency of solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
مقارنة عادة الختان بين مدينة كانوا(نيجيريا)ومدينة سبها(ليبيا)
Authors: جبريل حسن
Published: June 2023

الختان او الطهارة من الأشياء التي تعد من الفطرة والعادات والتقاليد .ومن العادات الدينية .وعادة الختان او الطهارة في ليبيا ومدينة سبها خاصة تعد من المناسبات التي يحتفل بها احتفالا كبيرا .ومن تم له طقوسه وعاداته الخاصة به.وقد تستمر هذه الاحتفالات الي عدة أيام متواصلة.
وهذه الورقة التي بين أيدينا والتي تحمل عنوان مقارنة عادة الختان او الطهارة بين مدينة سبها ومدينة كانو بنيجيريا تتناول دراسة تاريخ الختان وكيفيته بين البلدين واوجه الشبه والاختلاف فيما بينهم.متبعين نظرية المقارنة عند ادوارد فيما(1959)
Enhancing Novice Educator Confidence to Teach Synchronously Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Woodlands Lauren , Dart Sarah
Published: June 2023

Educators’ perceptions of their teaching competence contribute to feelings of wellbeing and teaching effectiveness, which in turn impacts the quality of student learning. In the context of emergency remote online teaching brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, introductory workshops on educating using Zoom videoconferencing software were conducted at a large Australian university. The workshops sought to equip educators with the skills and confidence needed to make the transition to online teaching, thus reducing educator anxiety and improving their wellbeing. Attendees of the workshops were surveyed (104 responses) to understand what influenced educator confidence development, perceptions of successful online teaching approaches, and advice for new online educators. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework was used to analyse educators’ open-text responses. The study demonstrated that both professional development and practical experience increased novice online educator confidence and expertise in using videoconferencing software to engage learners. Educators required a foundational level of technological knowledge before they could develop a deeper understanding of how the technology could be used for pedagogical purposes. Short just-in-time workshops were identified as an influential factor in fostering initial confidence and expertise, which worked to reduce educator apprehension about using the technology, ultimately contributing to enhanced wellbeing and student outcomes.