bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of dietary olive polyphenols on markers of inflammation and bodyweight in senior domestic cats
Authors: Thomas D.G. , Dyer P. , Andrews C.J.
Published: March 2024

The high rates of obesity and degenerative joint disease in companion animals has resulted in a demand for dietary supplements that support joint health and reduce inflammation. Polyphenols have received considerable attention in this space, although literature in companion animals is lacking or conflicting. This study determined whether a diet supplemented with olive polyphenol extract had the potential to reduce inflammation and/or bodyweight. Eight senior domestic cats aged 11.01 ± 0.74 years (mean ± standard error of the mean) and weighing 3.6 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± SEM) were used for this study. The cats were fed, ad libitum with a complete (AAFCO) canned diet supplemented with 0.1% olive polyphenol extract for 56 days. Cats were weighed weekly and blood samples taken on day 0 (baseline), 28, and 56 of the study. Biochemistry, haematology, and cytokine (19 cytokines or chemokines) panels were run for each blood sample. While there was an initial aversion to the supplemented diet, intakes of the cats increased, and they consumed enough to meet or exceed their daily maintenance energy requirements by day 10 of the trial. On average, the cats lost approximately 8% of their starting weight over the trial, which was interesting given that feed intake exceeding maintenance energy requirements for most of the study. Whether the decrease in bodyweight was due to seasonal changes, the supplemented diet, or a combination of the two warrants further investigation. There were little to no changes to any of the blood parameters, which was surprising given that previous studies have reported reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines following polyphenol supplementation. Perhaps a higher concentration of olive polyphenols is required to elicit the anti-inflammatory response observed in other species. A study evaluating the dose-dependent effects of dietary polyphenols on inflammatory and oxidative markers in cats would be valuable in this context.
Edible beetles (Coleoptera) as human food – A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddiqui S.A. , Yüksel A.N. , Şahin Ercan S. , Abdul Manap A.S. , Afzal S. , Wu Y.S. , Yudhistira B. , Ibrahim S.A.
Published: March 2024

The consumption of edible Coleoptera, or beetles, is examined in this review as a viable remedy for the rising world food demand brought on by the population’s predicted expansion to over 9 billion by 2050. The review illustrates the nutritional profile of beetles, highlighting their high protein content, good fats, and oils, while being low in saturated fats and high in omega-3. Beetles have a rich history of consumption, with over 2 billion people, particularly in regions like Africa, Asia, and the Americas, incorporating them into their diets. They contribute significantly to human nutrition while also playing essential ecological roles, including soil fertilization and pollination. Beetles represent a promising solution to combat climate change, as traditional livestock production is a major greenhouse gas emitter, and beetle farming boasts lower emissions, reduced resource requirements, shorter life cycles, and superior feed conversion rates. Notwithstanding their advantages in terms of nutrition and the environment, there are obstacles including customer adoption, safety worries, and legal limitations. The review also covers how beetles are processed into different food items, such as liquids, pastes, and powders, and how these products are used in the feed, food, and nutraceutical industries. In general, edible beetles present a viable substitute food source with noteworthy nutritional and ecological benefits; yet, additional investigation and endeavors are required to surmount obstacles to their extensive integration.
Unemployment Insurance Claims During the covid-19 Pandemic: The Experiences of Temporary Migrant Workers Employed in South Africa
Authors: Onukogu Chioma Joyce
Published: March 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic was unprecedented and its impact on the overall welfare of people was felt all over the world. In particular, the pandemic exposed the vulnerability of migrant workers. As key role players providing critical services during the pandemic, migrant workers witnessed limited access to social protection. Data gathered through qualitative method using face-to-face interviews, WhatsApp interviews and content analysis of secondary data found limited access of foreign workers to Covid-19 related social protection in South Africa. Foreign workers who did not possess the South African Identity Document, but contributed to the Unemployment Insurance Fund (uif) experienced discrimination. They were not paid the Covid-19 Temporary Employer/Employee Relief (Covid-19 ters) for workers in the formal sector. The uif computer system recognised only South African identity numbers and not foreign passport numbers. Bureaucratic xenophobia was explored to understand the experiences of the foreign workers.
Colchicum kivicum (Colchicaceae), a new species from Ardabil Province, north–western Iran
Authors: BAZDID VAHDATI FATEMEH , BEYGOM FAGHIR MARZIEH
Published: March 2024

N/A
One more step in solving the Chydorus puzzle—a morphological comparison between Chydorus tilhoi Rey & Saint-Jeans, 1969 and Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776) (Crustacea: Cladocera)
Authors: SOUSA FRANCISCO DIOGO ROCHA , SILVA BARBARA APARECIDA SOUZA DA , ELMOOR-LOUREIRO LOURDES M. A. , MOREIRA-SILVA CAMILA , ESPOLAU GREYCE , SARMENTO HUGO , ISUMBISHO MWAPU , BORGES ALBERTO V. , PERBICHE-NEVES GILMAR
Published: March 2024

A number of species of Chydorus Leach, 1816 (Crustacea: Cladocera) need improvements in their taxonomy much more than any other genus within the family Chydoridae Dybowsky & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967, which makes the systematics of the genus still a puzzle that lacks several pieces. Here, we redescribe the African species Chydorus tilhoi Rey & Saint-Jeans, 1969 and compare its morphology with that of Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776). The two taxa might be easily differentiated because C. tilhoi has a single and relatively large major head pore with a wide rim, labral keel elongated with a large spine, and postabdomen with postanal part elongated, narrowing distally and with denticles near its anal margin, organized in groups. These morphological traits are absent in C. sphaericus. Chydorus tilhoi and C. sphaericus also differ in the morphology of the first (Inner Distal Lobe setae), third (exopodite proportion), and fifth (exopodite shape) limbs. Based on the literature and our observations, the limb morphology of C. tilhoi has important similarities with that of C. breviceps, C. nitidulus and C. dentifer, and their translocation to a new genus seems to be a fundamental piece in the puzzle of Chydorus.
Heat-Shock Protein 4 (HSP-4) Promote Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via Negatively Regulating KLF6
Authors: Li Cheng , Wan Zhengqiang , Zheng Dongbing , Wang Yinglei
Published: March 2024

This project investigates the role and mechanisms of HSP4 and KLF6 in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis at molecular, cellular, and clinical levels. HSP4 expression was analyzed in RCC tissue specimens, cell lines, and its relationship with clinicopathological indicators.
RCC cell lines with elevated HSP4 were transfected with HSP4 knockdown vectors, and the impact on cell invasion was assessed. The interaction between HSP4 and KLF6 was confirmed through luciferase assays and cell experiments. HSP4 expression was significantly higher in RCC tissues and cell
lines compared to normal samples. Higher HSP4 levels were associated with increased metastasis incidence in RCC patients. HSP4 knockdown suppressed cell migration. Luciferase assays showed that HSP4 targets KLF6. KLF6 mRNA levels were inversely correlated with HSP4 in RCC tissues. Knockdown
of HSP4 increased KLF6 levels, and vice versa, indicating a negative correlation. Inhibition of KLF6 counteracted the inhibitory effect of HSP4 knockdown on RCC cell functions. In conclusion, elevated HSP4 expression is linked to lymph node and distant metastasis in RCC patients. HSP4 likely
promotes RCC progression by negatively regulating KLF6, offering insights into RCC-specific biomarkers and its pathogenesis.
Antiapoptotic Effect of Target Protein for Xklp2 on Diabetic Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Li , Wang Weiling , Li Man , Cao Aihong , Hu Yanyan
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the potential of TPX2 in mitigating diabetic cardiomyopathy by modulating the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in rats using streptozotocin, and heart structure and function were assessed through echocardiography and HE staining.
TPX2 expression in myocardial tissue was measured using qRT-PCR. Lentivirus was used to overexpress TPX2 specifically in myocardial tissue, followed by reassessment of cardiac structure and function. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to evaluate Caspase3 expression. In the diabetic
cardiomyopathy group, rat hearts exhibited evident damage in structure and function, with increased Caspase3 expression in myocardial tissue. Conversely, TPX2 overexpression effectively improved heart structure and function while inhibiting Caspase3 upregulation. In H9C2 cells cultured with
high glucose, TPX2 overexpression counteracted reduced cell activity and increased apoptosis rates. It also downregulated the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Caspase3, Caspase9) and promoted anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 mRNA. TPX2 overexpression inhibited Caspase3 and Caspase9
activities, upregulated Akt mRNA and protein expression, and inhibited FoxO1 mRNA and protein expression. This suggests that TPX2 may regulate the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway, reducing apoptosis and cardiomyocyte toxicity induced by high glucose. These findings offer potential drug targets
and therapeutic strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment.
Mechanism of miR-126 Loaded in Albumin Nanoparticles for Reversing the Multidrug Resistance in Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Yiming , Li Ning , Hu Fen , Tian Faming , Dai Hao , Cai Haifeng , Yan Jinyin
Published: March 2024

This study discussed the mechanism of miR-126 loaded in albumin nanoparticles in reversing the multi drug resistance (MDR) in breast carcinoma cells through EGFR-MEK-ERK signal pathway. MCF-7/ADM cells were divided into blank set, empty vector set, miR-126 set and set of vector and
miR-126 randomly. The change of drug susceptibility, protein expression of P-gp, BCRP, EGFR, p-EGFR, MEK, p-MEK, ERK and p-ERK, correlation between miR-126 and EGFR-MEK- ERK signal pathway were observed. miR-126 expression in set of vector was the highest. The second was in miR-126 set. IC50
of ADM in miR-126 set was 4.6 µg/mL. The reversion times were two times. The reversion times in set of vector and miR-126 set was 2.8 times. The presentation of BCRP and P-gp in miR-126 set and set of vector and miR-126 was reduced notably. The activity of EGFR-MEK-ERK signal
pathway was restrained by miR-126. The content of p-EGFR, p-MEK and p-ERK in miR-126 set and set of vector and miR-126 was reduced notably compared with blank set. EGFR-MEK-ERK signal activity was targeting regulated by miR-126 loaded in albumin nanoparticles. The level of phosphoric acid
activators was reduced abnormally. The expression of BCRP and P-gp was reduced notably. The MDR in breast carcinoma cells was reversed and the drug susceptibility was elevated notably.
Pterostilbene-Loaded Polydopamine Nanoparticles Down-Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Improve Myocardial Function in Mice with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhai Min , Bai Feng
Published: March 2024

TNF-α expression is related to myocardial function damage and recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but its mechanism is not clear. 50 SD mice, 10 in each group, were in this study divided into TNF-α group, Notch1/eIF3a agonist group, model
group, positive control group, and control group. The cardiac function score, myocardial infarction volume, myocardial cell apoptosis index, TNF-α expression, and Notch1/eIF3a pathway factor expression were observed. The size of polydopamine nanoparticles carrying pterostilbene
was about 15.5 nm, and cardiac function score, myocardial infarction volume, myocardial cell apoptosis index, and myocardial cell apoptosis number in the model group and Notch1/eIF3a agonist group were higher than model group and Notch1/eIF3a agonist group (P < 0.05). Compared with
model group, the Notch1/eIF3a agonist group, TNF-α group, and positive control group showed no differences (P > 0.05). The model group and Notch1/eIF3a agonist group had highest inflammatory response and lowest oxidative stress, which were significantly different from
other groups (P < 0.05). The expression of TNF-α in Notch1/eIF3a agonist group, model group, and positive control group all decreased, which was significantly different from other groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of p-IL-6 and p-eIF3a in model group, Notch1/eIF3a
agonist group and positive control group were all highest (P < 0.05). Carrying Pterostilbene-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (PPNs) therefore inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, Notch1/eIF3a signaling pathway and inflammatory response and oxidative stress of myocardial system,
and protects cardiomyocytes of model mice.
LncRNA NEAT1 Promotes the Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties of HCC by miR-128-3p/GP73 Axis
Authors: Yuan Ye , Zhang Xujing , Liu Zhisu
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on liver cancer cell behavior, particularly their cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. We observed elevated NEAT1 levels in HCC cell lines and tissues, and this upregulation
was associated with adverse clinical characteristics and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Through in vitro experiments, we found that silencing NEAT1 in HCC cells led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Huh7 cells.
Additionally, the unique surface markers of CSCs were downregulated upon NEAT1 knockdown. Further investigation revealed that NEAT1 regulates the expression of GP73 by directly binding to miR-128-3p, functioning as a competitive ceRNA to suppress miR-128-3p expression. Rescue experiments showed
that inhibiting miR-128-3p expression reversed the effects of NEAT1 knockdown on HCC cell proliferation,migration, and invasion. In summary, our findings demonstrate that lncRNA NEAT1 plays a pivotal role in promoting HCC progression and enhancing CSC properties by upregulating GP7 through
competitive binding to miR-128-3p. This insight into the underlying mechanism may have promising implications for the treatment of HCC.
Application of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Diabetic Wound Healing and Vascular Regeneration
Authors: Li Shizheng , Lv Yanwei , Liu Xiaoying , Yuan Yuan
Published: March 2024

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients have become a common complication. However, current wound management tends to yield unsatisfactory outcomes and may give rise to complications. Therefore, we prepare a nano-structured lipid carrier by incorporating a 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD)-loaded
lipid nanoparticles (PPD-N) into a silicone elastomer (PPD-NS) for treating chronic diabetic wounds and assess its therapeutic efficacy in promoting diabetic wound healing and vascular regeneration in a mouse model. Our findings revealed that the prepared PPD-N showed uniform distribution
with spherical morphology and an average diameter of approximately 130 nm. Moreover, PPD-NS exhibited a wound closure rate of 92.1% after 48 hours of treatment and demonstrated enhanced vascular regeneration. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prepared PPD-NS can effectively be used in
diabetic wound repair and vascular regeneration. This study provides a promising potential therapeutic option for diabetic wounds.
Neonatal Suppurative Parotitis: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: El Omri Malika , Jemli Safaa , Belakhdher Mouna , Kermani Wassim
Published: March 2024

Neonatal suppurative parotitis is a rare condition that is diagnosed primarily through clinical evaluation. The prognosis is generally good. In this report, we present the case of a 21-day-old female infant who was treated in our ENT department for neonatal suppurative parotitis. The patient presented with a feverish, hard, red, and tender swelling of the parotid loge which displaced the right earlobe outward. In addition, purulent exudate was observed from Stensen’s duct. A computed tomography scan of the cervical and cerebral regions revealed a swollen right parotid gland with heterogeneous density and enhancement, but no detectable collection. The patient received intravenous antibiotics for 48 hours, resulting in a favorable outcome without the need for surgical treatment. The aim of this study is to emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this clinical condition. Suppurative parotitis should be suspected by the clinician in newborns who present with an inflammatory preauricular swelling, with or without contributing factors. The outcome is generally favorable, and complications are rare with timely and appropriate medical treatment.
Bidirectional relationships between emotion understanding and executive functions in young children: A latent change score modeling study
Authors: Wang Xueke , Feng Tingyong
Published: March 2024

An overarching framework in the field of developmental psychology highlights the close linkage of cognition with emotion; however, the extent to which this framework supports the relationship between executive functions and emotion understanding in young children remains unclear. Hence, we employ a longitudinal tracking study to investigate the bidirectional relationship between emotion understanding and executive functions. A total of 112 children ( M = 48.01 months, 68 boys) were recruited to perform tests at three time points within 2 years. Results from our cross-lagged model analysis indicated that early executive functions significantly predicted the development of emotion understanding at Time 2 and Time 3, while emotion understanding at Time 2 significantly predicted the subsequent development of executive functions in Time 3, controlling for age, gender, and family socioeconomic status (SES). Moreover, the latent change score model analysis further revealed the developmental trends and interrelations of executive functions and emotion understanding over time. Specifically, children with higher initial level of executive functions exhibited faster growth in emotion understanding over time, and then this improved emotion understanding predicted the changes in later executive functions. Overall, these findings elucidate significant developmental progressions for how emotion understanding and executive functions interact with each other during early childhood.
Miracles of contingency: Pericles as a drama of possibility
Authors: Fletcher Andrew
Published: March 2024

This article argues that an exploration of contingency in Pericles is central to understand the play's achievement, which is born of the tensions the play sets up between narrative and dramatic accounts of experience, and vesting in the figure of Miranda an ‘otherness’ that opens possibilities that are foreclosed by an anthropocentric, law-based world view. The play's aesthetic is founded on this, and, indeed, on the contingent effect of its damaged state. This encourages an improvisatory approach to performance, which displaces the figure of the author just as the drama itself questions the role of the father.
Adopting new habits and routines in response to COVID-19 lockdown disruptions: A qualitative study
Authors: Kessler Dorothy , Boudreau Emma , Maitland Jennifer , Lysaght Rosemary , McColl Mary Ann , Alexander Libby , Wilson Clarke , Batorowicz Beata , DePaul Vincent , Donnelly Catherine
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

COVID-19-related restrictions resulted in changes to time use and occupational participation, impacting individual and collective well-being. This study addressed a knowledge gap concerning the adaptive process during periods of occupational disruption. We explored the experience of occupational disruption and how people managed disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We used a qualitative descriptive approach and interviewed 18 participants of a larger survey study of time use during the COVID-19 pandemic undertaken around a medium-sized city in Canada. Transcript analysis was conducted inductively using conventional content analysis.

Findings:

Two overarching themes were constructed during data analysis: The Disruption Experience and Adopting New Habits and Routines. In the face of disruption, participants described a sense of loss and disconnection, and challenges with time management. Establishing new habits and routines required new learning associated with increased time and flexibility, connecting with others and health and wellness.

Conclusion:

During changing pandemic restrictions, participants expressed a sense of loss, disconnection and time management challenges associated with occupational disruptions, but also described ways they adapted, improving their health and well-being. Strategies identified through this work may be used to enhance adaptation during disruptions. Future research should explore differences in adaptation, among more diverse populations.
Treponema Pallidum rapid syphilis compared diagnostic algorithm syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM)
Authors: Karim Putri L , Aryani Inda A , Nugroho Suroso A , Saleh Irsan , Dewi Lisa , Kurniawati Yuli , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: March 2024

Background

Syphilis infection can be asymptomatic and difficult to diagnose based on clinical symptoms. Early detection and treatment are critical for preventing and controlling syphilis as well as long-term serious complications. A serological examination based on the diagnostic algorithm was used to confirm the diagnosis of syphilis. Syphilis is frequent in high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Treponema pallidum (TP) rapid can be used for early syphilis detection. The diagnostic value of TP rapid with diagnostic algorithm (RPR-TPHA) utilizing whole blood in MSM should be studied.

Objectives

To determine the diagnostic value of TP rapid syphilis test compared to a diagnostic algorithm (RPR-TPHA) among MSM.

Methods

A diagnostic test with a cross-sectional design at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital from November 2022 to January 2023. The sampling method was consecutive sampling with a total sample of 83 MSM based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All samples were tested for RPR, TPHA, and TP rapid. The diagnostic value of TP rapid was evaluated with RPR-TPHA as a diagnostic algorithm for syphilis.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity value of the TP rapid compare diagnostic algorithm as gold standard were 95.8% and 96.6% respectively. Other metrics: positive predictive value (PPV) 92%, negative predictive value (NPV) 98%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 28.27, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.04, accuracy 96% and AUC 0.962.

Conclusion

The TP rapid test has a high diagnostic value and can be used to establish an early diagnosis of syphilis in MSM.
This time it is for real – the ECB's accountability amidst rampant inflation
Authors: Tuori Klaus
Published: March 2024

The accountability of the European Central Bank (ECB) is a complicated issue, as it is constitutionally located at a particular intersection of constitutional and international law and as a central bank it has features of both regulatory administration and also of the conduct of economic policy. It is suggested that a key element is that the ECB's responsibility to maintain price stability could be seen as a form of accountability mechanism through which it is ultimately accountable to the people for delivering to them on the promise that money can be trusted as a means of payment and a store of value. The article discusses how the new roles and strategy of the ECB as well as its enormous balance sheet could affect its ability to maintain credibility as a constitutional inflation-fighting central bank. The critical context is the first inflation shock that the ECB is facing since its establishment, where the actions and communication of the ECB will form the means to maintain the trust of the public.
Independence, discretion and accountability in the evolving monetary policy framework of the European Central Bank
Authors: Hinarejos Alicia , Rakic Drazen
Published: March 2024

The role of the European Central Bank (ECB) has expanded substantially in recent years due to subsequent crises. As a result, its accountability has been a matter of growing concern. This paper focuses on recent monetary policy decisions (specifically, the 2020–21 monetary policy strategy review and the Transmission Protection Instrument) and the evolving accountability practices of the ECB. After discussing three relevant key dimensions of central bank design (independence, discretion and accountability) and their relationship over time, the article shows that the highlighted recent developments will lead to a much greater degree of discretion on the part of the ECB, and that accountability practices have not evolved in a commensurate manner. The article concludes by making specific proposals to improve, to some degree, the accountability of the ECB to the European Parliament, and address the current imbalance between independence, discretion and accountability.
Analysis of torsional vibration characteristics for wind turbine drivetrain under external excitation
Authors: Yang Jianxiang , Zhang Jinliang , Wang Pei
Published: March 2024

This work studies the torsional vibration characteristics analysis of the wind turbine drivetrain with the variation of internal parameter and external excitation. The electromechanically coupled torsional vibration model for wind turbine drivetrain is first established by taking into account the torsional vibration angle of the PMSG. Then, frequency response analysis of main parametric resonance is illustrated by multiple scale method, and the influences of the system parameters involving power factor angle, number of pole pairs, torsional stiffness, and wind speed excitation on the torsional vibration characteristics of wind turbine drivetrain are investigated. Moreover, the critical condition for homoclinic chaos in terms of the system parameters is derived by means of Melnikov’s method. The function relationship and the boundary curve of chaos threshold are obtained. Meanwhile, the effects of excitation amplitude and damping factor on the system transition to chaos are studied in detail. The analytical predictions including phase portrait, bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent are investigated. The research results can offer a theoretical basis for further the parameter design and control of wind turbine drivetrain.
Access Site Complication Rates Following Peripheral Artery Revascularization in patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Comparison of Vascular Closure Devices and Manual Compression
Authors: Lu Yu-Ying , Tung Ying-Chang , Ho Ming-Yun , Yeh Jih-Kai , Lee Cheng-Hung , Lee Hsin-Fu , Chou Shing-Hsien , Wang Chao-Yung , Chen Chun-Chi , Tsai Ming-Lung
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Manual compression (MC) or vascular closure devices (VCDs) are used to achieve hemostasis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). However, limited data on the comparative safety and effectiveness of VCDs vs MC in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing PTA are available. Accordingly, this study compared the safety and effectiveness of VCD and MC in patients with ESRD undergoing PTA.

Methods

This single-center retrospective cohort study included the data of patients with ESRD undergoing peripheral intervention at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2022. The patients were divided into VCD and MC groups. The primary endpoint was a composite of puncture site complications, including acute limb ischemia, marked hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, and puncture site bleeding requiring blood transfusion.

Results

We included 264 patients with ESRD undergoing PTA, of whom 60 received a VCD and 204 received MC. The incidence of puncture site complications was 3.3% in the VCD group and 4.4% in the MC group (hazard ratio: .75; 95% confidence interval: .16-3.56 L P = 1.000), indicating no significant between-group difference.

Conclusion

VCDs and MC had comparable safety and effectiveness for hemostasis in patients with ESRD undergoing peripheral intervention.
Safety and efficacy of dynamic catheter-directed cerebral digital subtraction angiography for diagnosis of bowhunter syndrome spectrum disorders: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Choi Joo Won , Qiao Yang , Mehta Tej I , Wilson Jessica N , Torigoe Trevor H , Tsappidi Samuel , Jonathan Zhang Y , Brown Stacy C , Hui Ferdinand K , Abruzzo Todd
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Dynamic catheter-directed cerebral digital subtraction angiography (dcDSA) is the gold standard for diagnosing dynamic vascular occlusion syndromes such as bowhunter syndrome (BHS). Nonetheless, concerns about its safety exist and no standardized protocols have been published to date.

Methods

We describe our methodology and insights regarding the use of dcDSA in patients with BHS. We also perform a systematic literature review to identify cases of typical and atypical presentations of BHS wherein dcDSA was utilized and report on any procedural complications related to dcDSA.

Results

Our study included 104 cases wherein dcDSA was used for the diagnosis of BHS. There were 0 reported complications of dcDSA. DcDSA successfully established diagnosis in 102 of these cases. Thirty-eight cases were deemed atypical presentations of BHS. Fourteen patients endorsed symptoms during neck flexion/extension. In eight cases, there was dynamic occlusion of bilateral vertebral arteries during a single maneuver. Three patients had multiple areas of occlusion along a single vertebral artery (VA). An anomalous entry of the VA above the C6 transverse foramen was observed in four patients. One patient had VA occlusion with neutral head position and recanalization upon contralateral lateral head tilt.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the safety and diagnostic benefits of dcDSA in characterizing the broad spectrum of BHS pathology encountered in clinical practice. This technique offers a powerful means to evaluate changes in cerebral blood flow and cervical arterial morphology in real time, overcoming the constraints of static imaging methods. Our findings pave the way for further studies on dcDSA to enhance cross-sectional imaging methods for the characterization of BHS and other dynamic vascular occlusion syndromes.
Generativity and Nigrescence: The identity of a Black school principal pursuing social justice
Authors: Glass Stephen , Rodgers Devery , Slater Charles
Published: March 2024

This study explores the relationship between the identity development of a school principal and the concept of social justice leadership. We examine how one African American principal used equity-focused leadership in two different high schools to improve the conditions of all students. Erikson's view of identity and Cross's conception of Negrescence guided the research questions guided the study of the identity development of a Black school principal as a social justice leader, what actions he took, and what supports and barriers he encountered. The principal's case suggested several factors that form a social justice leader. He acknowledged a history of oppression, confronted racial animosity, and showed empathy through action. He had strong role models and received a solid education with Black professors and mentors and formed lifetime friendships. He developed the confidence to believe in himself as an educator and advocate for others. As an innovative educator, he was able to take risks. As a Black man, he fit well into one culture but was limited by racism in another. He became a leader who continued the pursuit of social justice after the principalship.
Becoming bridge citizens: Educating for social justice in conflict-affected settings
Authors: Cheong Stella Mi-Cheong , Azada-Palacios Rowena , Beye Kamille
Published: March 2024

This study draws on empirical data to fine-tune the theoretical concept, ‘bridging civic identity’, which we propose as an educational aim in conflict-affected settings. We analyse interview data from Liberian respondents and North Korean migrants living in South Korea, using a conceptual framework based on the notions of ‘bridge citizens’ and agency. The analysis reveals the following: (1) that a high sense of agency is related to resourcefulness and fortitude, (2) that identifying oneself as a ‘bridge citizen’ is connected to recognising others as such, and (3) that concrete, large-scale aspirations of social justice for the larger community – and therefore ‘imaginativeness’ – are central components of a bridging civic identity. The findings suggest that learners in similar settings ought to be trained in resourcefulness and fortitude, be shown the collective nature of working towards shared goals, and be given encouragement to visualise the just future they desire for their community or nation.
Leveraging e-health for enhanced cancer care service models in middle-income contexts: Qualitative insights from oncology care providers
Authors: Melhem Samar J , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen , Kayyali Reem
Published: March 2024

Background

Global cancer research has predominantly favoured high-income countries (HICs). The unique challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) demand tailored research approaches, accentuated further by the disparities highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim and objectives

This research endeavoured to dissect the intricacies of cancer care in LMICs, with Jordan serving as a case study. Specifically, the study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the prevailing cancer care model and assess the transformative potential of eHealth technologies in bolstering cancer care delivery.

Methods

Utilising a qualitative methodology, in-depth semi-structured interviews with oncology healthcare professionals were executed. Data underwent inductive thematic analysis as per Braun and Clarke's guidelines.

Results

From the analysed data, two dominant themes surfaced. Firstly, “The current state of cancer care delivery” was subdivided into three distinct subthemes. Secondly, “Opportunities for enhanced care delivery via e-health” underscored the urgency of digital health reforms.

Conclusion

The need to restrategise cancer care in LMICs is highlighted by this study, using the Jordanian healthcare context as a reference. The transformative potential of e-health initiatives has been illustrated. However, the relevance of this study might be limited by its region-specific approach. Future research is deemed essential for deeper exploration into the integration of digital health within traditional oncology settings across diverse LMICs, emphasising the significance of telemedicine in digital-assisted care delivery reforms.
Nonperfusion of the Far Peripheral Retina in Highly Myopic Stickler Syndrome
Authors: Ghiam Benjamin Kambiz , Murali Sanjana , Echegaray Jose J. , Örge Faruk H.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To describe the clinical course of 3 patients with Stickler syndrome found on fluorescein angiography (FA) to have nonperfusion of the peripheral retina. Methods: Three patients with confirmed Stickler syndrome were examined under anesthesia. Genetic testing and FA were performed. Results: Each patient had characteristic ocular findings of Stickler syndrome, including high myopia with vitreoretinal degeneration. FA was performed on each patient and showed 360 degrees of nonperfusion of the retinal periphery in all eyes, with mild leakage in Case 3. Conclusions: The current series presents evidence of peripheral retinal nonperfusion in 3 consecutive patients with Stickler syndrome. Based on these findings, the authors recommend adopting FA as a standard imaging modality and using laser photocoagulation to treat the areas of retinal nonperfusion for all patients with Stickler syndrome.
Analysis of the complete genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. lzh-N1 reveals its antagonistic ability
Authors: Li Ee , Liu Kaiquan , Yang Shuhan , Li Ling , Ran Kun , Sun Xiaoli , Qu Jie , Zhao Li , Xin Yuxiu , Zhu Feng , Ma Jingfang , Song Feng , Li Zhenghua
Published: March 2024

Background

Plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi are devastating. However, commonly used fungicides are harmful to the environment, and some are becoming ineffective due to fungal resistance. Therefore, eco-friendly biological methods to control pathogenic fungi are urgently needed.

Results

In this study, a strain, Paenibacillus sp. lzh-N1, that could inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella sentina (Fr) Schrorter was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pear trees, and the complete genome sequence of the strain was obtained, annotated, and analyzed to reveal the genetic foundation of its antagonistic ability. The entire genome of this strain contained a circular chromosome of 5,641,488 bp with a GC content of 45.50%. The results of species identification show that the strain belongs to the same species as P. polymyxa Sb3-1 and P. polymyxa CJX518. Sixteen secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters were predicted by antiSMASH, including those of the antifungal peptides fusaricidin B and paenilarvins. In addition, biofilm formation-related genes containing two potential gene clusters for cyclic lactone autoinducer, a gene encoding S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (LuxS), and three genes encoding exopolysaccharide biosynthesis protein were identified.

Conclusions

Antifungal peptides and glucanase biosynthesized by Paenibacillus sp. lzh-N1 may be responsible for its antagonistic effect. Moreover, quorum sensing systems may influence the biocontrol activity of this strain directly or indirectly.
Frequency and features of medical emergencies at a teaching dental hospital in Saudi Arabia: a 14-year retrospective observational study
Authors: Al-Sebaei Maisa O.
Published: March 2024

Background

This study aimed to determine the nature, frequency, and characteristics of medical emergencies occurring at the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital.

Materials and methods

The incident reports of medical emergencies recorded at the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital from January 2008 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The annual/overall incidence of medical emergency events was calculated per 100,000 patients. The following characteristics of the patients/events were evaluated: age, gender, operator, procedure, location, timing of treatment, administration of local anesthesia, past medical history, symptoms, diagnosis, outcome, and disposition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations of these characteristics with two outcomes: syncope and transfer to the emergency room (ER).

Results

The incidence of emergency events was 17.4 per 100,000 patients. Syncope and hypoglycemia were the most common emergencies. Most incidents recovered, with only 13% requiring transfer to the ER. Undergoing no procedure and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 2,3 were associated with syncope. Undergoing a general dental procedure, ASA class 2,3, and a diagnosis other than hypoglycemia and syncope were associated with transfer to the ER.

Conclusions

The incidence of medical emergencies was low. Dental practitioners need to remain aware of the contributing factors, such as past medical history and anxiety, but medical emergencies can occur in healthy individuals as well. Preparation of the dental office, training of the personnel, and proper recording of the events are essential components of a well-established medical emergency protocol in dental institutions.
Assessing the properties of patient-specific treatment effect estimates from causal forest algorithms under essential heterogeneity
Authors: Brooks John M. , Chapman Cole G. , Chen Brian K. , Floyd Sarah B. , Hikmet Neset
Published: March 2024

Background

Treatment variation from observational data has been used to estimate patient-specific treatment effects. Causal Forest Algorithms (CFAs) developed for this task have unknown properties when treatment effect heterogeneity from unmeasured patient factors influences treatment choice – essential heterogeneity.

Methods

We simulated eleven populations with identical treatment effect distributions based on patient factors. The populations varied in the extent that treatment effect heterogeneity influenced treatment choice. We used the generalized random forest application (CFA-GRF) to estimate patient-specific treatment effects for each population. Average differences between true and estimated effects for patient subsets were evaluated.

Results

CFA-GRF performed well across the population when treatment effect heterogeneity did not influence treatment choice. Under essential heterogeneity, however, CFA-GRF yielded treatment effect estimates that reflected true treatment effects only for treated patients and were on average greater than true treatment effects for untreated patients.

Conclusions

Patient-specific estimates produced by CFAs are sensitive to why patients in real-world practice make different treatment choices. Researchers using CFAs should develop conceptual frameworks of treatment choice prior to estimation to guide estimate interpretation ex post.
Barriers and facilitators to primary care management of type 2 diabetes in Shijiazhuang City, China: a mixed methods study
Authors: Tao Xuanchen , Mao Limin , Zhang Puhong , Ma Xinyan , Liang Zhenyu , Sun Kaige , Peiris David
Published: March 2024

Background

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China is over 10%, affecting around 114 million people. Despite the inclusion of T2DM in the National Basic Public Health Service Program (NBPHSP), most people with T2DM experience challenges in achieving optimal management targets. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of diabetes management from the perspectives of primary health care (PHC) service providers and recipients.

Methods

This mixed-methods study was conducted in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China. A quantitative PHC facility assessment survey was conducted in all administrative districts and qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in one district to government officials, medical staff, patients with T2DM, and their family members. Interviews were thematically analyzed, and all findings were synthesized using Michie’s COM-B theory.

Results

A total of 197 village/community level PHC facilities and 66 township/street level PHC facilities answered the survey, and 42 in-depth interviews were conducted. The key facilitators stemmed from the NBPHSP policy, which standardized the basic infrastructure, medical equipment, and medication for the PHC facilities, provided training on NCD prevention and control, and compensated the PHC workers. However, we identified a detrimental cycle among PHC providers characterized by inadequate capacity, overwhelming workloads, insufficient income, limited career development opportunities, and challenges in attracting young talents. Although patients were covered by the national medical insurance schemes, they experienced capability constraints primarily driven by low education levels, advanced age, low health literacy, and a proliferation of misinformation. These factors influenced patients’ motivation to be actively engaged in care and contributed to inertia to intensify treatment and achieve their clinical management goals.

Conclusion

This study identifies several major facilitators and barriers from the perspectives of both PHC providers and patients with T2DM. Our findings suggest there are substantial opportunities to strengthen the NBPHSP, including improving the capacity and the income level of the PHC providers, attracting and retaining skilled health workers in rural areas, supporting patients to improve their health literacy and take a more active role in their health care, and improving access to high-quality care through digital health approaches.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (record NCT02726100, 03/22/2016).
Gender differences in gastrointestinal, biopsychosocial and healthcare-seeking behaviors in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome predominant with diarrhea
Authors: Fan Wenjuan , Chen Yang , Fang Xiucai , Zhu Liming , Fei Guijun , Lu Jia , Li Xiaoqing
Published: March 2024

Background

Evidences of comparison of sex difference in Chinese irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients were few. We aim to compare gender difference in the biopsychosocial characteristics of Chinese patients of IBS predominant with diarrhea (IBS-D).

Methods

IBS-D patients meeting Rome III criteria were enrolled. We administered IBS symptom questionnaires, evaluation of psychological status (HAMD and HAMA scales) and IBS quality of life (IBS-QOL), dietary habits, healthcare seeking behaviors, and compared biopsychosocial characteristics between male and female patients.

Results

Four hundred and ninety patients were enrolled including 299 males and 191 females. More female patients reported abdominal pain associated with defecation (84.3% vs. 74.9%, P = 0.014) while males reported more abdominal discomfort (39.8% vs. 26.7%, P = 0.003). Females had higher IBS symptom score (9.7 ± 1.7 vs. 9.4 ± 1.4, P = 0.025) and more of females had severe abdominal pain/discomfort (17.8% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.013) while there were no significant differences of other bowel symptoms. Females reported higher incidence of comorbid anxiety state (64.9% vs. 52.8%, P = 0.008) and depression state (35.6% vs. 19.7%, P < 0.001) than males. Female patients also had lower IBS-QOL score (70.2 ± 20.4 vs. 75.1 ± 16.8, P = 0.028) and more frequent consultations, as well as less response for dietary modification than males.

Conclusions

Chinese female patients with IBS-D had more prominent psychosocial disorders compared to male patients and their abdominal symptoms had minor differences.