bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural hillslope soil heterogeneity challenges: first experimental results from SUPREHILL critical zone observatory
Authors: Krevh Vedran , Defterdarović Jasmina , Filipović Lana , Kovač Zoran , Beck-Broichsitter Steffen , Groh Jannis , Dusek Jaromir , Gerke Horst H. , Kodešová Radka , Filipović Vilim
Published: April 2021

SUPREHILL is a new (2020) and first Croatian critical zone observatory (CZO), focused on local scale agricultural e.g., vineyard hillslope processes. The experimental setup includes an extensive sensor-based network accompanied by weighing lysimeters and instruments for surface and subsurface hydrology measurement. The field measurements are supported by novel laboratory and numerical quantification methods for the determination of water flow and solute transport. This combined approach will allow the research team to accurately determine soil water balance components (soil water flow, preferential flow/transport pathways, surface runoff, evapotranspiration), the temporal origin of water in hillslope hydrology (isotopes), transport of agrochemicals, and to calibrate and validate numerical modeling procedures for describing and predicting soil water flow and solute transport. First results from sensors indicate increased soil moisture on the hilltop, which is supported by precipitation data from rain gauges and weighing lysimeters. The presence of a compacted soil horizon and compacted inter-row parts (due to trafficking) of the vineyard seems to be highly relevant in regulating water dynamics. Wick lysimeters confirm the sensor soil moisture data, while showing a significant difference in its repetitions which suggests a possibility of a preferential flow imposed by local scale soil heterogeneity. Measured values of surface and subsurface runoff suggest a crucial role of these processes in the hillslope hydrology, while slope and structure dynamics additionally influence soil hydraulic properties. We are confident that the CZO will give us new insights in the landscape heterogeneity and substantially increase our understanding regarding preferential flow and nonlinear solute transport, with results directly applicable in agricultural (sloped agricultural soil management) and environmental (soil and water) systems. Challenges remain in characterizing local scale soil heterogeneity, dynamic properties quantification and scaling issues for which we will rely on combining CZO focused measurements and numerical modeling after substantial data is collected.
The relationship between thermal conductivity and matric suction of soils
Authors: Lu Sen
Published: April 2021

The soil thermal conductivity (λ) and matric suction of soil water (h, the negative of matric potential) relationship has been widely used in land surface models for estimating soil temperature and heat flux following the McCumber and Pielke (1981, MP81) λ-h model. However, few datasets are available for evaluating the accuracy and feasibility of the MP81 λ-h model under various soil and moisture conditions. In this study, we developed a new λ-h model and compared its performance with that of the MP81 model using measurements on 18 soils with a wide range of textures, water contents and bulk densities. The heat pulse technique was used to measure λ, and the suction table, micro-tensiometers, pressure plate device, and the dew point potentiometer were applied to obtain soil water retention curves at the appropriate suction ranges. In the range of pF (the common logarithm of h in cm)≤3, the λ-h relationships were highly nonlinear and varied strongly with soil texture and bulk density. In the dry range (i.e., pF > 3), there existed a universal λ-h relationship for all soil textures and bulk densities, and an exponential function was established to describe the relationship. Independent evaluations using λ-h data on five intact soil samples showed that the new model produced accurate λ data from pF values with root mean square errors (RMSE) with the range of 0.03–0.18W m−1 K−1. While, large errors (RMSEs within 0.17–0.36W m−1 K−1) were observed with λ estimates from the MP81 model. 
Soil organic matter dominates the magnitude of porosity and bulk density in temperate soils, with important implications for land surface models
Authors: Thomas Amy , Seaton Fiona , Cosby Jack , Emmett Bridget , Reinsch Sabine , Feeney Chris , Lebron Inma , Smart Simon , Wood Claire , Maskell Lindsey , Robinson David
Published: April 2021

Soil porosity controls the flow of mass and energy through soil, and thus plays a fundamental role in regulating hydrological and biochemical cycling at the land surface. Global land surface and earth system models commonly derive porosity from soil texture using pedotransfer functions. This does not allow for response to change in environment or management, or potentially important climate feedbacks. Furthermore, the approach does not fully represent the baseline spatial variation in this important soil property. Here we show that porosity, and bulk density (BD), depend on SOM in temperate soils, using two comprehensive national data sets, covering the full range of soil organic matter (SOM) (n=1385 & n=2570). Our novel use of analytical models with machine learning (ML) algorithms opens up new physical insight into controls on porosity and BD, while generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) provide further insights and opportunities for prediction. Our models allow us to consider influence of management on soil compaction and recent observations that soil porosity responds to climate change. The dependence of soil porosity on SOM, more so than texture, indicates the need for a paradigm shift in the conceptualization and modelling of these soil physical properties. Broad habitat was also an important control, and explained some of the variance in the relationship between SOM and porosity. This highlights that changes in soil porosity may occur due to land use or climate change, and will create feedbacks to hydrological and biogeochemical cycling which should be represented in Global land surface models. This will also be important for other pedotransfer functions, e.g. the use of BD to determine carbon stock from concentration.  In addition, we found opportunities for improved representation of the spatial pattern of porosity, even in the absence of measured data on SOM, based on climate and earth observation data.
Multiscale local connections of deforestation process in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Urgilez-Clavijo Andrea , Rivas-Tabares David , Martín-Sotoca Juan José , Tarquis Ana M.
Published: April 2021

The deforestation process is nowadays recognized as a global concern due to a variety of environmental issues associated with forest loss. Exacerbated deforestation rates in basins such as the Amazon river basin is contributing tremendously to environmental global degradation and climate change. Previous studies regarding the deforestation process suggest that soils and forest loss are correlated exhibiting non-linear and multi-scale behaviors. Based on this, we conduct a novel approach based on image analysis of the deforestation process to improve the understanding of local connections of this process in a Biosphere reserve in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Understanding the connections between deforested patches and how they are strengthening the deforestation process could provide new features for understanding forest loss associated with agricultural expansion. Thus, these map features can be used for modeling purposes of agricultural expansion and forest loss impact. This work is based on the assessment of cumulative images of deforestation in the Sumaco biosphere reserve in the Ecuadorian Amazon from 1985 to 2018. For this, we rigorously sampling every deforested pixel of the images through the moving window technique to calculate the fractal dimension of the connected pixels at different scales. Once fractal dimensions are calculated, we classify these values to mapping the existing relations. The mapping results show different complexity levels in local connections of the deforestation process. These spatial relations can improve the understanding of deforestation patterns and provide relevant information for decision-making to conservation programs.

Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the support of Project No. PGC2018-093854-B-
I00 of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain and the financial support from Boosting Agricultural Insurance based on Earth Observation data - BEACON project under agreement Nº 821964,funded under H2020EU, DT-SPACE-01-EO-2018-2020.
J-DISTAS: predict field readiness to ensure efficiency of field operations and avoid soil compaction.
Authors: Lacoste Marine , Bourennane Hocine , Lamandé Mathieu , Dupré Clément , Duparque Annie , Martin Damian , Brisset Guillaume , Duval Rémy , Descazaux Pierre , El Adas Myriam , Métais Pascale
Published: April 2021

Sustainable crop production implies high efficiency of field operations and protection of the soil as a natural resource. Soil physical fertility is threatened by compaction, especially deep soil horizons for which remediation is more critical. Increased soil compaction, linked to the increase of agricultural equipment weight, causes yield losses on spring and summer crops. To avoid soil compaction and ensure field operations efficiency, including satisfactory crop production in a cost-effective way, field readiness prediction is necessary. Field readiness is defined by the combination of soil workability (soil suitability for cultural operations) and soil trafficability (soil capacity to support machinery during traffic without soil physical degradation).

Available tools focused on one part of the problem, e.g. soil compaction risk in deep soil horizon, or possibility of efficient field operation ; each has usually been built for a specific pedoclimatic context, which questions its application in a broader context. Available tools also frequently need to be upgraded to better consider compaction risk according to machinery evolution.

The J-DISTAS project (2019-2022) aims at evaluating and improving these tools, and structuring them to create a prototype of interoperable tools to predict field readiness. The resulting tool will be based on the combination of two mechanistic models (Terranimo for soil compaction and the CHN crop model for soil water content), pedotransfer functions to estimate soil water potential and soil workability, and a decisional tool of field readiness build from expert knowledge. Its ability to predict field readiness and its sensibility to input data will be evaluated.

The developed inter-operable tools could be used as a decision support tool that includes field readiness in strategic decisions, conception of cropping systems in the context of global changes, or optimization of mechanical cost for equipment in agricultural machinery, and will help to soil physical quality protection.
The Role of Vadose Zone Physics in the Soil Hydrothermal and Ecohydrological Response of a Tibetan Meadow Ecosystem to Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Yu Lianyu , Zeng Yijian , Fatichi Simone , Su Zhongbo
Published: April 2021

The vadose zone is a zone sensitive to environmental changes and exerts a crucial control in ecosystem functioning and even more so in cold regions considering the rapid change in the seasonally frozen ground under climate warming. While the way in representing the underlying physical process of the vadose zone differs among models, the effect of such differences on soil hydrothermal regimes, and then ecosystem functioning and its ecohydrological response to freeze–thaw cycles are seldom reported. Here, the detailed vadose zone process modeling framework STEMMUS (Simultaneous Transfer of Energy, Mass and Momentum in Unsaturated Soil) was coupled with the ecohydrological model Tethys–Chloris (T&C) to investigate the role of influential physical processes during freeze-thaw cycles. The physical representation is increased from using T&C coupling without STEMMUS enabling the simultaneous mass and energy transfer in the soil system (liquid, vapor, ice) – and with explicit consideration of the impact of soil ice content on energy and water transfer properties – to using T&C coupling with it. We tested model performance with the aid of a comprehensive observation dataset collected at a typical meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Results indicated that explicitly considering the frozen soil process and vapor flow significantly improved the soil moisture/temperature profile simulations and facilitated our understanding of the water transfer processes within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. We further demonstrated the linkage between the vadose zone physics-induced difference in soil hydrothermal regimes and the ecosystem water/carbon cycles. This research highlights the important role of vadose zone physics for ecosystem functioning in cold regions and can support the development and application of future Earth system models.
Timely Decision Support for Watershed Management with WEPPcloud
Authors: Brooks Erin , Dobre Mariana , Lew Roger , Deval Chinmay , Srivastava Anurag , Robichaud Pete
Published: April 2021

Since the development and availability of GIS-based software and satellite imagery, there has been a vision that watershed managers would have near-real-time, three-dimensional hydrologic and soil erosion models that could easily assess impacts of watershed management decisions at high spatial resolutions across multiple scales.  Our research team has made significant advances to address this challenging problem especially in the forest environment. The technology and data retrieval and access has dramatically improved to the point where it is possible to provide useful, near-real-time, geospatial decision support for watershed managers.  This talk describes an online watershed model called WEPPcloud, widely used by the Forest Service and one of the FSWEPP suite of watershed tools, which is based fundamentally on a process-based hydrologic, soil erosion model (WEPP, Water Erosion Prediction Project).  WEPPcloud is driven by discoverable, data-rich geospatial mapping products (e.g. soils, topography, satellite-based vegetation characteristics) and management libraries. It accesses daily grid-based historical and future projected climatic data to provide a comprehensive spatially and temporally explicit assessment of the impacts of management decisions on hydrologic response and sediment transport.  Currently, WEPPcloud can be applied throughout the continental US, and beta versions are available for Australia and Europe. We will demonstrate this tools’ development and application to guide pre-fire fuel management and post-fire mitigation, flood risk for communities where drinking water supplies and water resources are vulnerable to wildfire. We will discuss the ongoing limitations, challenges and opportunities towards more fully incorporating geospatial hydrologic and soil erosion models into watershed management decisions.
Responses of bacterial communities to spatial distribution and biogeochemical migration in Panzhihua mining tailing
Authors: Yang Ying , Huang Yi
Published: April 2021

Heteropogon contortus were the domiant plants in Panzhihua mining tailing due to the characteristic of drought-enduring and toxicity resistance. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of the successive planting of Heteropogon contortus on soil characteristics, including heavy metals contents and biogeochemical migration. Spatial distribution of heavy metal and enzyme activity in surface soils and rhizosphere soil as well as responses of bacterial community were systematically researched. In the meanwhile, High-throughput 16s RNA sequencing results indicated that the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities from different altitude locations were quite diverse in soil samples. The contents of some heavy metals and enzyme activity markedly affected on the structures of bacterial communities surface soils and rhizosphere soil. The most abundant bacterial communities were Actinobacteria (29.74 %), Proteobacteria (28.06 %), Chloroflexi (13.73%) in phylum level in the original soil samples. The abundance of Proteobacteria (19.87 %, 27.57 %, 29.35 %) and Patescibacteria (1.56 %, 1.83 %, 2.66 %) of non-rhizosphere soil was gradually increased along with the increasing latitude, which is just the opposite rule to the abundance of Acidobacteria (17.19 %, 14.58 %, 11.77 %) and Gemmatimonadetes (4.61 %, 3.17 %, 2.86 %). Results in this study emphasized the heavy metal contaminations in soils and rhizosphere soil, providing valuable information on how heavy metal contamination influences soil bacterial communities across a chronosequence spanning 50 years.
Improving soil moisture predictions from a land surface model by optimisation of pedotransfer functions.
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth , Blyth Eleanor , Cooper Hollie , Ellis Richard , Pinnington Ewan , Dadson Simon
Published: April 2021

Accurate soil moisture predictions from land surface models are important in hydrological, ecological and agricultural applications. Despite increasing availability of wide area soil moisture measurements, few studies have combined soil moisture predictions from models with in-situ observations beyond the point scale. This work uses the LAVENDAR data assimilation framework to markedly improve soil moisture estimates from the JULES land surface model using field scale Cosmic Ray Neutron sensor observations from the UKCEH COSMOS-UK network. Rather than directly updating modelled soil moisture estimates towards measured values, we optimize constants in the underlying pedotransfer functions (PTF) which relate soil texture to soil hydraulics parameters. In this way we generate a single set of newly calibrated PTFs based on field scale observations from a number of UK sites with different soil types. We demonstrate that calibrating PTFs in this way can improve the performance of JULES. Further, we suggest that calibrating PTFs for the soils on which they are to be used and at the scales at which land surface models are applied (rather than on small-scale soil samples) will ultimately improve the performance of land surface models, potentially leading to improvements in flood, drought and climate projections.
An empirical soil water retention model based on probability laws for pore-size distribution
Authors: Zheng Wenjuan , Shen Chongyang , Wang Lianping , Jin Yan
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of the soil water retention curve (SWRC) is critical to mathematical modeling of soil water dynamics in the vadose zone. Traditional SWRC models were developed based on bundles of cylindrical capillaries (BCCs) using a residual water content, which fail to accurately describe the dry end of the curve. This study improved and expanded on the traditional BCC models. Specifically, the total water retention was treated as a weighed superposition of capillary and adsorptive components.We proposed a mathematical continuous expression for
water retention from saturation to oven dryness, which also allowed for a partition of capillary and adsorptive retention. We further evaluated six capillary retention functions using different probability laws for pore-size distribution - namely, the log-logistic, Weibull, lognormal, two-parameter van Genuchten (VG), three-parameter VG (or Dagum), and Fredlund–Xing (FX) distributions. Model testing against 144 experimental data showed better agreement of the proposed model with experimental observations than the traditional approaches that use the residualwater content. The Dagum and FX distributions, which have one more degree of freedom, provided better agreement with experimental data than the other four distributions. The log-logistic and lognormal distributions fitted the experimental data better than the Weibull and VG distribution for loam soils. In addition, the fitted weighting factor w using the log-logistic and lognormal distributions better correlated to soil clay content than the other four distributions. Our study suggests that the log-logistic and lognormal distributions are more suitable to model soils’ pore-size distribution than other tested distributions.
Clays are not created equal – effects of clay mineral type on soil hydraulic and mechanical properties
Authors: Lehmann Peter , Leshchinsky Ben , Gupta Surya , Mirus Ben , Bickel Samuel , Lu Ning , Or Dani
Published: April 2021

Clay minerals dominate the soil colloidal fraction and often carry the largest specific surface area – a property that controls various soil hydraulic and mechanical properties (SHMPs; e.g. water retention, permeability, and internal friction). Differences in microscale structure among clay mineral types in tropical and temperate regions affect the specific surface area and result in higher permeability and internal friction angle values for tropical soils with inactive kaolinite clay minerals. Presently, the soil clay size fraction used to parameterize SHMPs with pedotransfer functions (PTFs) ignores clay mineral type, leading to inconsistent parameter representation. In this study, we present new PTFs informed by clay minerals, enabling enhanced estimation of friction angle and saturated hydraulic conductivity. To capture higher conductivity and lower air entry values in tropical soils, we developed a hierarchical packing model and validated this new PTF approach using literature data from various tropical regions. We leveraged recent global maps of clay minerals to demonstrate that a strong climatic and spatial segregation of active and inactive clays enable spatially resolved consideration of clay mineral type in SHMP estimation. We applied these clay-informed PTFs to improve SHMP representation regionally with implications for a wide range of hydrological and geomechanical Earth surface processes.
A dynamic and thermodynamic analysis of the 11 December 2017 tornadic supercell in the Highveld of South Africa
Authors: Lekoloane Lesetja E. , Bopape Mary-Jane M. , Rambuwani Tshifhiwa Gift , Ndarana Thando , Landman Stephanie , Mofokeng Puseletso , Gijben Morne , Mohale Ngwako
Published: April 2021

Abstract. On 11 December 2017, a tornadic supercell initiated and moved through the northern Highveld region of South Africa for 7 h. A tornado from this supercell led to extensive damage to infrastructure and caused injury to and displacement of over 1000 people in Vaal Marina, a town located in the extreme south of the Gauteng Province. In this study we conducted an analysis in order to understand the conditions that led to the severity of this supercell, including the formation of a tornado. The dynamics and thermodynamics of two configurations of the Unified Model (UM) were also analysed to assess their performance in predicting this tornadic supercell. It was found that this supercell initiated as part of a cluster of multicellular thunderstorms over a dry line, with three ingredients being important in strengthening and maintaining it for 7 h: significant surface to mid-level vertical shear, an abundance of low-level warm moisture influx from the tropics and Mozambique Channel, and steep mid-level lapse rates. It was also found that the 4.4 km grid spacing configuration of the model (SA4.4) performed better than the 1.5 km grid spacing version. SA1.5 underestimated the low-level warm moisture advection and convergence, and missed the storm initiation. SA4.4 captured the supercell; however, the mid-level vorticity was found to be 1 order of magnitude smaller than that of a typical mesocyclone. A grid length of 4.4 km is too coarse to fully capture the details of a mesocyclone, which may also explain why the model underestimated the surface to mid-level wind shear and low-level horizontal mass and moisture flux convergence. Future investigations will involve experimental research over the Highveld region of South Africa to understand mesoscale and local dynamics processes responsible for tornadogenesis in some severe storms. Such a study, to the best of our knowledge, has never been conducted.
Influence of ENSO on North American subseasonal surface air temperature variability
Authors: Martineau Patrick , Nakamura Hisashi , Kosaka Yu
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The wintertime influence of tropical Pacific sea surface
temperature (SST) variability on subseasonal variability is revisited by
identifying the dominant mode of covariability between 10–60 d
band-pass-filtered surface air temperature (SAT) variability over the North
American continent and winter-mean SST over the tropical Pacific. We find
that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) explains a dominant fraction of
the year-to-year changes in subseasonal SAT variability that are covarying
with SST and thus likely more predictable. In agreement with previous
studies, we find a tendency for La Niña conditions to enhance the
subseasonal SAT variability over western North America. This modulation of
subseasonal variability is achieved through interactions between subseasonal
eddies and La Niña-related changes in the winter-mean circulation.
Specifically, eastward-propagating quasi-stationary eddies over the North
Pacific are more efficient in extracting energy from the mean flow through
the baroclinic conversion during La Niña. Structural changes of these
eddies are crucial to enhance the efficiency of the energy conversion via
amplified downgradient heat fluxes that energize subseasonal eddy thermal
anomalies. The enhanced likelihood of cold extremes over western North
America is associated with both an increased subseasonal SAT variability and
the cold winter-mean response to La Niña.
KEDUDUKAN DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB PRESIDEN DALAM SISTEM PRESIDENSIAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hudi Moh
Published: April 2021

The Government system greatly determines the position and responsibility of the president. Even in the same system of government, the president’s position and responsibility may change, depending  on   The  Rule  of   Law  in a particular country. The position and responsibility of the president in the presidential system in Indonesia has change several times. This can be seen before and after the amandement. President in presidential   System   as  Head  of  Government  and   Head  of   State. So that the president has broad authority. The president is not responsible to the parliament, because institutionally the parliament is not higher than the president as the chief executive, but is responsible to the people as voters.
KEDUDUKAN SERTA FUNGSI DPR DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Muchlisin Muchlisin
Published: April 2021

The Indonesian state has institutions as a reflection of democracy. Which puts people as the holders of sovereignty. The institution is the house of representatives which is incorporated in the legislative power. In determining the membership of the house of representatives, it remains through the electoral mechanism using the electoral system or the election. This research uses normative juridical research by studying the source of primary law and the source of legal sequences that are either legislation or research results to be carried out an institutional theory approach. The institution has the duty and function in the part of the indonesian state administration system to represent the aspirations or interests of the people. In addition to the duties and function of these institutions have rights that are not owned by other institutions.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI SANKSI KEBIRI KIMIA DI INDONESIA DI TINJAU DARI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Wahyudi Endik , Gerry Joe Gerry
Published: April 2021

The crime of sexual violence in Indonesia is increasing every year. Criminal penalties for perpetrators of sexual violence as stated in the Penal Code and Child Protection Act were considered ineffective until the Government issued The Replacement Government Regulation No. 1 of 2016 that applies criminal sanctions to perpetrators of sexual violence among others by chemically applying castration. This is the background to conducting normative research on the policy of chemicalbirth sanction formulations that apply in Indonesia today. His arrangement of chemical castration and rehabilitation as an additional punishment, to date has not been published, so the mechanisms and technicalities are unknown. In addition, interested sectors are not involved in the establishment of such rules resulting in rejection as executors.
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG
Authors: Faqih Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This research aims to find out how establishment of legislation and PERPPU in perspective Law No. 12 of 2011 concerning Establisment of legislation. The research method used by the author is normative legal research trought a status approach and historical approach to analysis establisment of legislation used. Analysis Republic Indonesia Law No.12 of 2011. The results of the study showed that the process establishment of legislation the background is with an urgent situation that forces the process of its establishment to be cut short and some of its accelerated links to adjust state conditions in times of emergency. Whereas in the process of making law it is in accordance with Republic Indonesia Law No. 12 of 2011.
National Social Benefit Systems and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Cross-National and Cross-Level Analysis
Authors: Maleki Amirhossein , Moghaddam Kaveh , Sanusi Edwin Setiawan , Cullen John
Published: April 2021

In this study, we examine how social benefit systems (public and private social expenditure) may influence entrepreneurial intentions, and how it may moderate the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intentions. Our cross-level model of 97,012 people from 32 countries demonstrates that individuals in countries with high levels of public social expenditure are less likely to show entrepreneurial intentions because they compare and contrast the safety net provided by social systems versus risk associated with starting a business. In addition, the results show that higher levels of private social spending weaken the negative impact of fear of failure on entrepreneurial intentions.
Kết quả xử trí biến chứng thủng tá tràng do di lệch stent đường mật bằng phương pháp can thiệp qua nội soi: Trường hợp lâm sàng
Authors: Liên Nguyễn Thị Phương , Thái Nguyễn Văn , Tuyết Trần Thị Ánh , Trang Nguyễn Thị Huyền , Trang Hà Minh , Thanh Trần Văn , Phượng Vũ Thị , Quýnh Nguyễn Xuân , Thịnh Nguyễn Tiến , Tùng Nguyễn Lâm
Published: April 2021

Thủng tá tráng do di lệch stent đường mật hiếm gặp, thường được xử trí phẫu thuật, tuy nhiên, đóng lỗ thủng qua nội soi đang trở thành lựa chọn ưu tiên cho những bệnh nhân phù hợp. Chúng tôi giới thiệu trường hợp lâm sàng bệnh nhân nam 44 tuổi, được đặt stent đường mật điều trị u đoạn thấp ống mật chủ, bị thủng tá tràng do di lệch stent. Stent được lấy qua nội soi và đóng lỗ thủng bằng kẹp clip. Diễn biến sau can thiệp ổn định, bệnh nhân ra viện ở ngày thứ 10.
Nghiên cứu đặc điểm rối loạn nhịp tim ở bệnh nhân trước và sau phẫu thuật cầu nối chủ vành
Authors: Thanh Ngọ Văn , Sơn Phạm Trường , Tuấn Nguyễn Quang
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá đặc điểm các rối loạn nhịp tim trước và sau phẫu thuật cầu nối chủ vành bằng Holter điện tim 24 giờ để đưa ra các biện pháp dự phòng và điều trị phù hợp. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Tiến cứu mô tả theo dõi dọc 119 bệnh nhân phẫu thuật cầu nối chủ vành tại Bệnh viện Tim Hà Nội từ 6/2016 đến 8/2018. Theo dõi rối loạn nhịp tim bằng Holter điện tim 24 giờ tại các thời điểm trước phẫu thuật, sau phẫu thuật 7 ngày, sau 3 tháng và sau 6 tháng. Kết quả: Trước phẫu thuật, rối loạn nhịp trên thất 89,9%, rối loạn nhịp thất 60,5%. Sau phẫu thuật rối loạn nhịp thất 82,9% (sau 7 ngày), sau 3 tháng 67,2% và sau 6 tháng 62,1%. Rối loạn nhịp thất nặng (Lown ≥ 3) có tỷ lệ cao nhất (35,9%) sau 7 ngày phẫu thuật, tỷ lệ này giảm dần theo thời gian, giảm thấp sau phẫu thuật 6 tháng. Tỷ lệ rung nhĩ mới xuất hiện và tăng dần sau phẫu thuật, lần lượt sau phẫu thuật 7 ngày là 13,7%, sau 3 tháng là 13,8% và sau 6 tháng là 17,2%. Kết luận: Rối loạn nhịp tim thường gặp trước và sau phẫu thuật cầu nối chủ vành, sau phẫu thuật số lượng và mức độ rối loạn nhịp thất tăng do ảnh hưởng cấp tính của cuộc phẫu thuật. Rối loạn nhịp trên thất ít bị ảnh hưởng của cuộc phẫu thuật, rung nhĩ mới xuất hiện sau phẫu thuật tăng theo thời gian.
Báo cáo ca bệnh lâm sàng: Tổn thương phổi cấp liên quan tới truyền máu được chẩn đoán sớm và điều trị thành công tại Khoa Hồi sức tích cực, Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108
Authors: Thu Nguyễn Tài , Trung Ngô Đình , Cường Nguyễn Thái , Nam Nguyễn Văn , Hùng Hà Mạnh , Tuấn Nguyễn Thanh , Nga Nguyễn Thị , Bình Nguyễn Thanh
Published: April 2021

Tổn thương phổi cấp do truyền máu (TRALI) là một biến chứng nguy hiểm trong truyền máu, do hiếm gặp nên thường bị bỏ sót trong thực hành lâm sàng. Chẩn đoán TRALI chủ yếu dựa vào loại trừ các nguyên nhân gây tổn thương phổi cấp khác. Bệnh cảnh lâm sàng là suy hô hấp tiến triển nhanh sau truyền máu mà không phải nguyên nhân do nhiễm trùng hay do suy tim. Điều trị TRALI bao gồm: Đảm bảo hô hấp, hỗ trợ huyết động, corticosteroid và bảo vệ cơ thể tránh khỏi tình trạng suy đa tạng có thể xảy ra.
Nghiên cứu đặc điểm một số hội chứng lão khoa và mối liên quan với chức năng thể chất ở người cao tuổi có bệnh thận mạn tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương
Authors: Anh Nguyễn Trung , Hương Nguyễn Thị Thu
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Tìm hiểu đặc điểm một số hội chứng lão khoa và mối liên quan giữa một số đặc điểm nhân trắc và một số hội chứng lão khoa thường gặp với chức năng thể chất ở bệnh nhân cao tuổi có bệnh thận mạn tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 101 bệnh nhân ≥ 60 tuổi đến khám và điều trị tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương từ tháng 01 đến tháng 05/2018. Bệnh nhân được phỏng vấn theo bộ câu hỏi thống nhất, chức năng thể chất đánh giá bằng test Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): SPPB < 10 điểm là suy giảm chức năng thể chất. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình ở nhóm có suy giảm chức năng thể chất cao hơn nhóm không có suy giảm chức năng thể chất có ý nghĩa thống kê (p<0,05). Bệnh nhân có tuổi ≥ 80 làm gia tăng nguy cơ suy giảm chức năng thể chất lên 3,84 lần (95%CI: 1,47 - 10,38, p<0,05). Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có suy giảm chức năng thể chất ở nhóm có trầm cảm cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với nhóm không có trầm cảm (p<0,05). Trầm cảm gia tăng nguy cơ suy giảm chức năng thể chất lên 6,99 lần (95%CI: 1,91 - 31,9, p<0,05). Kết luận: Tuổi cao và trầm cảm có mối liên quan với gia tăng suy giảm chức năng thể chất ở người cao tuổi có bệnh thận mạn.
Đặc điểm giải phẫu ống tuỷ nhóm răng cửa hàm dưới trên phim cắt lớp vi tính chùm tia hình nón - Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Hoa Nguyễn Ngọc , Bình Trần Thái
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hình thái chân răng và số lượng ống tủy ở răng cửa hàm dưới trên phim cắt lớp vi tính chùm tia hình nón (Cone beam computed tomography - CBCT). Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu phim CBCT hai hàm của 215 bệnh nhân được chỉ định chụp cắt lớp tại Trung tâm Dịch vụ Nha sĩ 27 Phạm Tuấn Tài trong thời gian từ tháng 12/2019 đến tháng 12/2020. Kết quả: Tất cả các răng cửa hàm dưới đều có một chân răng. Hầu hết các răng cửa giữa hàm dưới (81,6%) và bên (80,5%) có một ống tủy. Phần lớn răng giữa hàm dưới (54,9%) và răng cửa bên (50,9%) thuộc loại I của Vertucci. Tỷ lệ một ống tuỷ ở nam: Răng cửa giữa (85%), răng cửa bên (77,5%) và ở nữ: Răng cửa giữa (79,6%), răng cửa bên (82,2%). Tỷ lệ ống tuỷ loại I Vertucci ở nam: Răng cửa giữa (52,5%), răng cửa bên (45%) và ở nữ: Răng cửa giữa (52,5%), răng cửa bên (45%). Tỷ lệ răng cửa hàm dưới có hai ống tủy là 18,4% (răng cửa giữa) và 19,5% (răng cửa bên). Kết luận: Loại I của Vertucci là hình thái giải phẫu ống tuỷ của răng cửa hàm dưới điển hình nhất. Phim CBCT góp phần quan trọng trong xác định số lượng, hình dạng ống tuỷ, đặc biệt trên răng cửa hàm dưới có số lượng ống tuỷ thay đổi.
U màng não thần kinh thị: Kết quả phẫu thuật 12 trường hợp
Authors: Khiêm Trần Thiện , Kiều Phan Thị Diễm , Phương Huỳnh Lê
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị phẫu thuật u màng não thần kinh thị. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu hàng loạt ca. Từ tháng 01/01/2017 đến tháng 30/09/2019 có 12 trường hợp u màng não thần kinh thị được phẫu thuật bằng phương pháp vi phẫu qua sọ tại Khoa Ngoại Thần kinh-Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy. Tác giả đã mô tả các dấu hiệu lâm sàng của u màng não bao thần kinh thị, hình ảnh dựa vào cộng hưởng từ. Kết quả phẫu thuật đánh giá dựa vào tỷ lệ lấy hết u, biến chứng sau mổ và sự cải thiện các triệu chứng về mắt - thần kinh tại thời điểm 3 tháng sau mổ. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của 5 nam (41,7%) và 7 nữ (58,3%) là 40,6 ± 14,7 tuổi (13 - 61). Triệu chứng lâm sàng thường gặp nhất là lồi mắt và giảm thị lực (100%), teo gai thị (50%) và đau mắt chiếm 2 trường hợp (16,7%). 3 trường hợp u xâm lấn nội sọ (25%). Đường kính u trung bình là 33,6 ± 9,6mm (18 - 45mm). Giải phẫu bệnh tất cả các trường hợp là u màng não độ I. Phương pháp phẫu thuật là vi phẫu qua sọ- trần hốc mắt. Kết quả lấy toàn bộ u là 7 trường hợp (58,3%) và gần hết u là 41,7%. Không có trường hợp nào tử vong do mổ. Không có biến chứng tụ máu nội nhãn hay máu tụ nội sọ cũng như nhiễm trùng. Theo dõi sau mổ trung bình 24,5 tháng (9 đến 39 tháng), có 10 trường hợp (83,3%) mất thị lực bên mắt có khối u. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật điều trị u màng não bao thần kinh thị thường đưa đến mất thị lực bên mắt có khối u. Chỉ định phẫu thuật khi bệnh nhân giảm thị lực nặng, lồi mắt gây mất thẩm mỹ, nguy cơ u lan sang mắt đối bên.
Đánh giá kết quả điều trị tổn thương tân sản nội biểu mô vảy độ cao cổ tử cung (HSIL) bằng kĩ thuật LEEP
Authors: Khoa Phạm Hồng , Hạnh Chu Hoàng , Quang Nguyễn Tiến , Thúy Trần Thị Thanh
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị các tổn thương tân sản nội biểu mô vảy độ cao (HSIL) cổ tử cung bằng kỹ thuật LEEP. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng không nhóm chứng trên 198 trường hợp tổn thương tân sản nội biểu mô vảy độ cao được điều trị bằng kỹ thuật LEEP tại Bệnh viện K từ tháng 01/2008 đến tháng 01/2018. Kết quả: Hầu hết bệnh nhân có kết quả tế bào học và soi cổ tử cung bất thường chiếm 96,9% các trường hợp. Mô bệnh học trước thủ thuật có tỷ lệ chẩn đoán đúng tổn thương CIN II cổ tử cung là 95,1%. Thời gian theo dõi trung bình là 62,7 tháng, tái phát gặp 2/198 bệnh nhân chiếm tỷ lệ 1,0%. Các biến chứng nhẹ, ít gặp. Tỷ lệ chảy máu (3,5%), nhiễm trùng (0,5%). Biến chứng xa thường gặp nhất là chít hẹp lỗ cổ tử cung (15,2%). Kết luận: Khoét chóp bằng vòng cắt đốt điện (LEEP) trong điều trị các tổn thương tân sản nội biểu mô vảy độ cao có hiệu quả tốt, dễ thực hiện, trang thiết bị và chi phí điều trị, theo dõi thấp, có khả năng bảo tồn chức năng sinh sản ở các phụ nữ trẻ chưa đủ con.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan dengan Menggunakan Metode Economic Value Added (EVA) pada PT XL Axiata Tbk
Authors: Hamdah Dida Farida Latipatul , Hamdani Nizar Alam , Kamaluddin Muhammad Rizal
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan PT XL Axiata tbk dengan menggunakan metode Economic Value Added (EVA) pada tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penelitian wawancara, dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Sedangkan teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menyusun kembali data, menyajikan daftar modal sendiri, menghitung tingkat Economic Value Added (EVA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan analisis Economic Value Added (EVA) selama 5 periode yaitu dari keseluruhan memberikan gambaran bahwa kinerja keuangan PT XL Axiata tbk dengan menggunakan analisis Economic Value Added (EVA) secara keseluruhan kinerja keuangan berada pada posisi yang baik karena bernilai positif. Dalam analisis metode Economic Value Added (EVA) menganggap bahwa tidak ada modal yang gratis, Economic Value Added (EVA) melibatkan unsur biaya modal yaitu biaya modal dari hutang (cost of debt) dan biaya dari ekuitas (cost of equity).
Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Hubungannya Dalam Konseling
Authors:   Bimbingan dan Konseling, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Rahmi Siti
Published: April 2021

Buku ini sangat tepat untuk digunakan sebagai buku rujukan agar lebih memahami tentang komunikasi interpersonal yang dikaitkan dengan aspek konseling. Penyajian buku dengan bahasa yang lugas dan mudah dipahami, membuat buku ini bisa dibaca oleh berbagai kalangan, tidak terbatas hanya untuk pengguna dalam lingkungan pendidikan bimbingan konseling saja. Terdapat empat belas bab yang ada di dalam buku ini yang disajikan secara apik. Pembaca dapat dengan mudah memperdalam setiap bab tanpa harus menuntaskan bab-bab sebelumnya. Harapan mendalam dari kehadiran buku ini bisa memperkaya khazanah pengetahuan terkait komunikasi interpersonal agar memudahkan konselor dalam memahami konseling lebih luas.
Ikan dan Krustasea: Aplikasi Bahan Alam Untuk Pertumbuhan dan Reproduksi
Authors:   Akuakultur, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Awaludin Awaludin , Maulianawati Diana ,   Akuakultur, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Kartina Kartina ,   Akuakultur, Universitas Borneo Tarakan
Published: April 2021

Aquaculture is a solution in providing animal nutrition for humans. Capture fishing and aquaculture are the two main sources of fisheries production in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the world's top exporters of fisheries products. Fish have a unique growth pattern. Fish use available nutrients for the reproductive process as they get older, but there is still a positive contribution to growth. The requirements for optimum temperature, feed, and growth period for juvenile and adult fish may be different. Reproduction in organism, including aquatic animals, is controlled by hormones. Hormones involved in reproduction such as steroids, FSH, LH, estradiol etc. In aquaculture, the increase in growth and reproduction in fish and crustaceans uses a lot of synthetic hormones, which there are still many weaknesses. The use of natural product is one of the environmentally sustainable options for increasing growth and reproduction. There have been many applications of natural products that have been able to improve growth and reproduction, such as the use of celery, Karamunting, Katuk, Paku Uban and Turmeric. Some of the references to this book are the result of the author's research that has been published in various national and international journals
Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Rezim Perlindungan Situs Budaya dan Benda Budaya Dalam Suatu Konflik Bersenjata
Authors:   Hukum, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Mahfud Mahfud , Iqbal M. Putra ,   Hukum, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Farsia Lena ,   Hukum, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Putri Lily Husni ,   Hukum, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: April 2021

Hukum Internasional, khususnya Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI) yang dikenal sebagai “Hukum Perang”, telah melahirkan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang mengatur tata cara dalam berperang antara lain melalui pembatasan-pembatasan, sarana-sarana dan metode-metode peperangan sebagai upaya perlindungan situs budaya dan benda-benda budaya. Sebagai bagian dari “Common Heritage of Mankind”, berbagai kampanye internasional terhadap perlindungan situs budaya dan benda budaya dalam suatu konflik bersenjata dilakukan dengan berbagai cara termasuk melibatkan pihak-pihak tertentu dalam penanganannya. Masyarakat internasional dengan berbagai lembaga yang terlibat juga turut andil memberikan perhatian khusus pada keselamatan situs budaya dan benda-benda budaya akibat konflik bersenjata yang ada di berbagai wilayah. Buku dengan keilmuan mendalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional ini disajikan dalam bahasa sederhana dan mudah dipahami, terkait perlindungan situs budaya dan benda-benda budaya sebagai dampak dari peperangan. Buku ini memberikan wawasan mengenai konvensi HHI dalam perlindungan situs budaya, Legalitas pembenaran situs budaya dan benda budaya sebagai objek sasaran militer menurut Ketentuan HHI, dan persoalan yang muncul akibat adanya perlindungan situs budaya dan benda budaya dalam suatu konflik bersenjata.
Biomolekuler Antimalaria Eurikumanon
Authors:   Kedokteran, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Yusuf Hanifah
Published: April 2021

Buku ini membahas malaria dalam kaitannya dengan tantangan dan peluang untuk menemukan dan mengembangkan senyawa baru dari bahan alam sebagai antimalaria, sehingga dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan resistensi Plasmodium yang semakin meluas. Buku ini untuk pengembangan pengetahuan tentang upaya preventif malaria berbasis bahan alam yang menggambarkan secara molekuler peran Eurikumanon yang terlibat pada pathogenesis pengobatan malaria. Hadirnya buku ini mengajak pembaca akan meningkatkan inovasi dan motivasi untuk mencari pola baru dalam menuntaskan malaria berbasis bahan alam.
Structures and properties of VB5−/0 clusters from density functional theory calculations
Authors: Tran Van Tan , Ngo Thi Phuoc An , Tran Thanh Tuan , Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh , Nguyen Minh Thao , Tran Quoc Tri , Nguyen Hoang Lin
Published: April 2021

Density functional theory with the BPW91 functional and def2-TZVP basis sets was used to investigate the geometric structures of VB5−/0 clusters. By using the bee colony algorithm, 300 initial structures are created for the studied cluster. The geometry optimizations at the BPW91/def2-SVP level result in 18 low-lying isomers in quartet states for the anionic cluster. The results at the BPW91/def2-TZVP level show relative energies and vibrational frequencies for different spin states of 7 isomers of the anionic clusters and 6 isomers of the neutral cluster. It is found that the most stable isomers are A-VB5−/0 with non-planar pentagonal structure. The adiabatic detachment energy of the anionic cluster and the ionization energy of the neutral cluster are 1.93 and 7.36 eV.
Os desafios da revitalização de aldeias de montanha e da gestão sustentável de agroecossistemas multifuncionais na Montanha do Alto Minho (Portugal)
Authors: Nogueira Joana Lopes Teixeira , Simões Sara Cristina Militão
Published: April 2021

O desafio para os territórios de montanha do noroeste de Portugal é a revitalização das suas comunidades locais, cujo papel se considera determinante na produção de serviços ambientais para a sociedade. A economia camponesa, outrora dominante, foi-se transformando, em virtude das dinâmicas socio-económicas e das políticas públicas desenhadas para estas regiões. A agropecuária manteve-se como principal utilizadora do espaço, mas já não em exclusiva dependência dos recursos naturais locais, nem ocupando a totalidade das famílias. A expansão do turismo tem gerado novas oportunidades económicas e reforçado a importância da paisagem agro-pastoril. Neste quadro, estudamos a adaptação das comunidades às novas dinâmicas, para identificar modelos de intervenção que potenciem a transição para uma economia multifuncional sustentável. Seguindo-se uma metodologia participativa, reconheceu-se o papel chave das pessoas e das organizações locais na concretização destes objetivos, clarificando as perspetivas dos vários atores e os desafios dessa transição. Conclui-se pela importância de apostar em mecanismos participados de debate e decisão, apoiados em dados de monitorização à escala local, para uma gestão adaptativa capaz de gerir as tensões criadas pelas mudanças em curso, assegurando a desejável conciliação entre os objetivos sociais, económicos e ecológicos, em busca de novos equilíbrios entre pessoas e natureza.
Souza, Luiz Gustavo Mendel. Giros Urbanos: Uma etnografia da festa do arremate da folia de reis no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Belo Horizonte: Ancestre, 2020. 242 p.
Authors: Bártolo Lucas
Published: April 2021

Resenha do livro Giros Urbanos: Uma etnografia da festa do arremate da folia de reis no estado do Rio de Janeiro, de autoria de Luiz Gustavo Mendel Souza, publicado em 2020.