bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The playwright knows: the more productions, the more bad productions”
Authors: Danilov Dmitry , Maksimova Ekaterina
Published: July 2023

Dmitry Danilov is a writer, playwright, and poet. Author of the novels “Horizontal position” (2010), “Description of the city” (2012), “There are more important things than football” (2015), “Sasha, hello!” (2022), plays “The Man from Podolsk” (2016), “Seryozha is very stupid” (2017), “Witness testimony” (2018), “What did you do last night?” (2019). Winner of the Andrei Bely Award (2019), the Yasnaya Polyana Award (2022). In this issue of P&I the writer Dmitry Danilov talks about Mamleev and Dostoevsky, the news of theatrical Voronezh, network marketing, mistakes in Wikipedia, and the newspaper for Domodedovo Airport employees. Interview by Ekaterina Maksimova. Photo by Oleg Serdechnikov.
Recientes avances en la clasificación de explosiones de rayos gamma cortas en astrofísica
Authors: Baquero Larriva Andrés
Published: July 2023

Las explosiones de rayos gamma (también conocidas como GRBs por sus siglas en inglés: Gamma-ray Bursts) han sido un enigma desde su descubrimiento hace más de 40 años. Son los eventos explosivos más energéticos del universo después del Big Bang y se dan a distancias cosmológicas. El presente artículo explora el conocimiento alcanzado sobre estos fenómenos astrofísicos, en la última década, ya que se ha logrado un gran avance en el entendimiento y esclarecimiento de algunos de sus procesos físicos intrínsecos, gracias a los adelantos teóricos, observacionales y de instrumentación. Investigaciones recientes proponen la existencia de al menos un nuevo tipo de GRB, lo cual modificaría la concepción, que en la actualidad tenemos sobre su clasificación y la asignación de sus progenitores.
Aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais de comunidades pesqueiras de uma reserva extrativista marinha na Amazônia paraense
Authors: Alencar Ana Paula , Ruivo Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro , Castro Rosecelia Moreira , Santos Seidel Ferreira , Neto Paulo Aguiar
Published: July 2023

Na Amazônia, entre os vários grupos populacionais que se dedicam ao extrativismo, destacam-se os que estão relacionados à pesca praticada de forma artesanal e são representativos da população que habita em consonância aos rios e o mar. O estudo objetiva a caracterização social, econômica e ambiental em três comunidades pertencentes a Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté- Taperuçu e, para assim, contribuir para traçar o perfil de pescadores que residem em três comunidades pesqueiras do município de Bragança, nordeste do estado do Pará, na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu. Foi realizada entrevista através de questionários a 251 famílias de pescadores artesanais entre homens e mulheres, sendo 85 (33,86%) da Vila dos Pescadores, 96 (38,25%) da Vila do Castelo e 70 (27,89%) da Vila do Taperuçu. Os resultados indicam a idade dos entrevistados entre 18 e 55 anos, constatou baixa escolaridade, a maioria possui casa própria e renda anual variando de R$ 3.905,85 a R$5.506,56. O acesso à água se dá pela rede de distribuição e a disponibilização dos serviços de limpeza urbana atendem quase 50% das comunidades. Os resultados obtidos permitiram obter um perfil social, econômico e ambiental dos pescadores artesanais de comunidades pesqueiras na reserva extrativista, podendo contribuir como base para a geração de subsídios que envolvam a implementação de políticas públicas que esteja direcionada a pescadores artesanais na unidade de conservação em questão.
Structure and petroleum prospects of the northern part of the Barents-Kara Sea region
Authors: Suslova Anna A. , Mordasova Alina V. , Stoupakova Antonina V. , Gilaev Rinar M. , Gatovsky Yury A. , Korobova Nataliya I. , Gumerov Arsen R. , Sakhabo Timur R. , Kolesnikova Tatyana O.
Published: July 2023

The geological structure and the petroleum potential of the western part of the Russian Arctic shelf are still matter for disputes, especially due to the absence of deep drilling and scarce data. One of the key problems in assessing the petroleum potential of the North Kara Sea Basin and the adjacent North Barents Sea Basin is the lack of a proven stratigraphic model of the sedimentary cover.

The article presents a model of the structure of the sedimentary cover of the northern part of the Barents-Kara Sea region based on the analysis of the regional seismic data and comparison with outcrop sections of the archipelagos and adjacent land. The structure of the archipelagos is determined by tectonic events and rearrangements, which also reflect on the structure of the offshore sedimentary basins. In the structure of the northern part of the Barents-Kara Sea region, three large structures can be distinguished: North Barents Sea Basin, East Barents Steps, and North Kara Sea Basin. The East Barents Steps formed during Baikal orogeny and in the Riphean-Early Paleozoic time were uplifted, and separated the North Barents Sea and North Kara Sea basins.

The North Kara Sea Basin was probably formed in the Riphean and subsided in the Early Paleozoic, while the section of the North Barents Sea Basin is composed of a thick of Upper Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequence. In the Permian-Triassic time, the western slope of the East Barents Uplift was involved in the intensive subsidence of the North Barents Sea Basin and transformed to the steps, while the Lower Paleozoic succession were buried under a thick Permian-Triassic sequence.
In the sedimentary cover of the northern part of the Barents-Kara shelf, four promising petroleum plays can be distinguished: pre-Upper Devonian, Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, Permian-Triassic, and Jurassic-Cretaceous. Pre-Upper Devonian promising petroleum complex within the study area are distinguished only in the North Kara Sea Basin, and hydrocarbon systems within it can be similar to hydrocarbon systems in the basins of the ancient platforms.
Paleogeographic approach for the oil and gas potential assessment of the Khadum Formation (Lower Oligocene) in Pre-Caucasus basin
Authors: Stafeev Aleksander N. , Stoupakova Antonina V. , Krasnova Elizaveta A. , Suslova Anna A. , Sautkin Roman S. , Shitova Yana A. , Makhnutina Maria L. , Voronin Mikhail E.
Published: July 2023

Authors used the paleogeographic approach to identify the different facies generation potential, mark out the areas with the highest organic matter and its types, analyse the reservoir quality for oil and gas potential assessment of the Pre-Caucasus basin Khadum formation. The greatest prospects in the Western and Central parts of the basin characterized by terrestrial and partly mixed organic matter types and are associated with the facies of the Sarpinsk-Armavir channel where discharge currents from the Volga-Don basin occurred. The same organic matter types can be related to clastic fans drawn from the north. In the Eastern part the main prospects are associated with unconventional black shale reservoirs with the predominantly aquatic organic matter, isolated on the top and base by the thick series of seal rock.
Causes and Consequences of Sodium Imbalances in the First Week of Life in Very Low-Birthweight Infants
Authors: Ramaboea N. , Ballot Daynia E
Published: July 2023

Background: Sodium imbalance is common in the first week of life in very low-birthweight infants (VLBWI) and may be associated with poor outcome.

Objective: To determine the incidence and outcomes of both hypo- and hypernatraemia in VLBWI (500–1500 g birthweight) in the first week of life.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating sodium abnormalities in VLBWI in the first week of life. Subjects included all VLBWI born at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital between 1 January 2013 and 31 July 2013. The causes and complications associated with sodium abnormalities and their outcomes were reviewed.

Results: Sodium imbalances were found in 29.1% (85/292) VLBWI. Hypernatraemia was present in 27.1% (79/292) and hyponatraemia in 2.0% (6/292). There was no difference in birthweight or gestational age between hyponatraemic and hypernatraemic VLBWI. Within the hypernatraemic VLBWI, mortality was significantly increased in much smaller and more preterm infants (p < 0.001) and in infants with higher sodium levels (p < 0.005). The main causes of hypernatraemia were insensible water loss through the skin (73.9% of babies born via normal vaginal delivery) and respiratory system (60% of babies were on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)).

Conclusion: Hypernatraemia is common in the first week of life in VLBWI. Prevention of prematurity and measures to prevent sodium abnormalities should be implemented at birth, especially in very small preterm infants to decrease the mortality and morbidity.
COVID-19 and health care worker exposure at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital
Authors: Glatt Sara , Winchow Lai , Tsitsi Merika , Musenge Eustasius , Menezes Colin
Published: July 2023

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Appropriate risk assessments and testing are essential to reduce transmission and avoid workforce depletion.

Objective: To investigate the risk of COVID-19 infection among HCWs who fulfil the person under investigation case definition or had exposure to a confirmed COVID-19 contact.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of HCWs who were exposed to and/or tested for COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Data collected included demographics, exposure type, risk level, and COVID-19 test result. Frequency distribution tables, bivariate analyses, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results: Among the 1111 HCWs reviewed, 643 were tested with 35.6% positive results. PUI's accounted for 62.4% of positive cases. Symptomatic HCWs with no known contact were at a greater risk of infection than those with a patient exposure (p═0.001). The risk of testing positive was higher after a patient exposure (p═0.000) compared to a co-worker contact. Patient-facing designations had a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than non-clinical designations (p═0.013). The exception to this was security personnel who were 28 times more likely to test positive than any other designation (p═0.000).

Conclusion: There is a higher positivity rate among HCWs than the general population. The presence of symptoms warrants testing. Nosocomial transmission was derived from patients more than co-worker contacts. Precautions in the workplace need to be reinforced to protect the health and safety of HCWs during this pandemic. These findings should assist with preparedness for future pandemics.
Management of a Jehovah's Witness patient with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Herbst Wilhelm , Paget Graham
Published: July 2023

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis is defined as a systemic autoimmune disease limited to small calibre vasculature, associated with the presence of myeloperoxidase or proteinase 3. After receiving Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine a 77-year-old woman of Jehovah's Witness faith presented with renal limited anti-MPO-AAV with underlying iron deficiency anaemia. Treatment was initiated with corticosteroids, iron repletion, Epoetin-beta, renal replacement therapy, plasma exchange with albumin, and cyclophosphamide with successful clearance of ANCA vasculitis. Although Jehovah's Witnesses may refuse transfusion of cellular blood products, they accept and expect alternative effective medical care.
A Short Review of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Cultivation
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Sciences, Kamdhenu University, Veraval, Gujarat, India - 362265, Chudasama Rajesh V.
Published: July 2023

Aquaculture is the most reliable sector to the providing world nutrias food. It is all depended on the cultivable species. Asian seabass is one of the candidate species for aquaculture because of the wide range of water quality tolerance, growth performance, and consumer preference. The Indian and Western Pacific Oceans are where Asian seabass is found in its natural habitat. It can be cultured in the earthen pond, floating or stationer cages, and recirculating system. Seed resources are available in rivers and lakes of fresh water, but aquaculture is the depending on the hatchery that produces seed because of the superior growth production. In the nursery phase, cannibalism is predominant in Asian seabass cultivation, which will improve via the grading of a shooter. Feeding is one of the important management for good growth performance and reducing cannibalism to give the optimum feed requirements. The growth rate of the Asian seabass is 400-600 g in 4 to 6 months. Asian seabass farmers are suffering from some infectious and non-infection diseases, it will improve via the good management practices of the culture promises. In this review paper, some key points of Asian seabass farming are covered for better understanding.
A Study of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattles: Epidemic Disease in Pakistan
Authors:   Bahauddin Zikiriya University, Multan, Pakistan, Ullah Aman
Published: July 2023

Lumpy dermatitis (LSD) is a widespread illness that affects farm animals, including water-based cattle.The illness is caused by LSD, the disease which is part of the Poxiviridae family Capripox genera. Skin wounds are considered the most common site of infection because the virus can survive for a long time in a wound or scab. LSD's initial medical applications were described in 1929 in Zimbabwe. This skin disease has also had an impact on Pakistan; several animal farms in Karachi have infected large numbers of animals, and 190,000 instances were recently documented across the country, with over 7,500 deaths attributed to disease. LSD has a huge impact on Pakistan's economic condition, resulting in livestock loss and reduced milk production. The Ministry of Research and the Security of Food in Pakistan has organised a task force to create a plan for controlling the spread of disease to cows & buffaloes. Awareness initiatives should include both private and government veterinary technicians, the two areas and abattoirs, vet students, cultivators, livestock merchants, livestock transporters, and artificial insemination.
Photoperiodic Induction of Diapause Character and Sorbitol Level in the Silkworm Eggs of APM1, MU303 and PM Strains/Races
Authors:   University of Mysore, Mansagangothri, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India, S. Chaitra
Published: July 2023

Embryonic diapause is the suspended animation responsible for the onset of Voltinism in the silkworm. The embryo is completely arrested during the developmental event to overcome unfavourable environmental conditions. This further results in the synthesis of sorbitol from glucose and examines the differences between sorbitol levels in the diapause-induced silkworm eggs of APM1, MU303 and PM strains by exposure to photoperiodic regime of 16L:08D, 14L:10D and 12L:12D. The results obtained revealed the fact that the sorbitol level is high during the 6th day in all the selected strains at their 7th and 8th generation. This indicates that the enhancement of the sorbitol is independent of the induced diapause in all three strains of the mulberry silkworm. Further, it is also clear that the enhancement of sorbitol concentration is devoid of a photoperiodic regime.
Continent-wise Neuroprotective Medicinal Plants for Managing Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Hiralal Mazumdar Memorial College for Women, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Ahmad S Rehan
Published: July 2023

As the second most common neurodegenerative condition, Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly financially strains individuals and nations' economies. Dopaminergic neurons gradually disappear in PD, which causes cognitive decline, loss of motor function, and the emergence of non-motor symptoms. Complementary and alternative treatments (CAT) are widely used to treat this condition, just like they are for many other chronic illnesses. Many Medicinal plants are examined in this review with respect to continents, Australian, American, African, Asian, and European; three from traditional medical systems in Europe and Asia: Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger, Lepidium meyenii, Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens L., and Gingko biloba and. Particularly Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna are more well-known for their narcotic and toxic properties than for being potential cures for neurodegenerative illnesses. One of the most popular plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, ginkgo biloba has a strong antioxidant capacity that contributes to its neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. This article discusses all six plants' bioactive components, anti-neurodegenerative properties, and additional neuroprotective properties.
Perú : siglo XXI
Authors: Mac Gregor Felipe E.
Published: July 2023

Lo que aquí presentamos, es tributario del es-fuerzo continuado de investigadores de temas relacionados con la paz y la violencia en el Perú y en la región andina, miembros de la Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigación para la Paz (APEP), institución académica fundada hace once años. Dieciocho volúmenes publicados por los investigadores de APEP y colegas de los países andinos han señalado las condiciones, las dificultades y las metas de la pacificación en el Perú y en la Región Andina.
Nuestra diversidad creativa : una agenda internacional para el cambio cultural
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú,   World Commission on Culture and Development
Published: July 2023

Nuestro objetivo es mostrar cómo la cultura moldea nuestro pensamiento, imaginación y conducta. Porque, la cultura es la transmisión de comportamiento pero también una fuente dinámica para el cambio, la creatividad, la libertad y para el despertar de nuevas oportunidades.
Apuntes de lógica modal
Authors: Trelles Montero Óscar
Published: July 2023

Este libro recoge el contenido de los cursos de lógica modal dictados a los alumnos de filosofía en la PUCP. El texto presenta nociones básicas de lógica modal general y óntica, deóntica y temporal.
Los primeros años de la PUCP
Authors: Dammert Bellido José
Published: July 2023

Este texto es un libro breve pero sustancioso, pródigo en datos curiosos e información indispensable para comprender cómo es que la PUCP se convirtió en lo que es hoy: la principal casa de estudios privada del país.
Educación y autorrealización
Authors: Descalzi Picasso Guillermo
Published: July 2023

El contenido de este breve tratado educacional se ubica dentro del marco de la filosofía perenne, y su "leitmotiv" es la reivindicación del importante papel que desempeña la comunicación sencilla entre persona y persona en el desarrollo sano y maduro del ser humano. La aplicación de esta simple verdad viene siendo cada vez más desechada, con funestas consecuencias para el proceso educativo, y creemos que es el momento adecuado para formular algunas indicaciones teóricas y prácticas que faciliten su mejor empleo.
Study on Selected Metals and Nutritional Status of Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown under Different Rates of Fertilizers in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dinato Desalegn Dana , Lelago Alemu , Bibiso Mesfin , Bosha Abraham
Published: July 2023

Background: The main aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of maize samples grown under the different rates of blended fertilizer in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods: Maize samples that were grown under combined application of the two fertilizers (K and NPSB) with ratio rates of (0:0, 25:50, 50:100, 75:150 and 100:200) kg ha-1 were used as treatment. The content of nutrients from the maize was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Result: The mean concentration of metal in the maize sample ranged as (mg/kg): Ca (512.48-725.86), K (786.62-901.907), Mg (440.23-618.61), Fe (31.52-39.63), Zn (29.45-35.58), Pb (0.005-0.034), Cd (0.014-0.13). The study also revealed that the proximate analysis of the maize sample grown under different rates of blended fertilizer ranged as moisture (5.57-9.56%), ash (0.76-2.29%), fat (2.83-5.95%), fiber (0.93-2.25), 6.83-11.86% and Carbohydrate (68.08-83.07%). For most metals and nutritional values, the highest content was obtained in maize samples grown under the application of 100 K and 200 NPSB kg per hectare.
The Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Enriched with Selenium and Zinc on Some Physiological Traits and Milk Production of Female Shami Goats
Authors: Kasim Hanan Waleed
Published: July 2023

Background: Milk production is one of the most important goals pursued by breeders of milk-producing farm animals World Wide. Goats are one of the most important of these animals. This study sought to compare the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) with or without selenium and zinc on milk yield and milk nutritional composition and hormones related. Methods: Twenty four female Shami goats distributed into 4 equal groups (6 goats /group) control group (C) animals fed on standard concentrated diet without adding, T2(SCY) animal dosed with S.Cerevisiae at a concentration of 0.2 g/kg of body weight, T3 (Se + Zn) was fed on Selenium and zinc at a concentration of 0.3 and 0.2 g/kg of body weight, respectively, T4 (SCY+Sc +Zn) was represented by dosing their animals with an S.Cerevisiae 0.2g/kg body weight with selenium and zinc added to ratio at same as T3. Result: There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the in-milk production, solid-to-fat ratio, milk density and protein level at (SCY+ Sc+Zn) among the transactions, also (SCY+ Sc+ Zn) highlighted a significant increase (P≤0.05) in prolactin, thyroxine and cortisol hormones accompanied by a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in estrogen and triiodothyronine levels in compared to all treated groups.
Educating future primary school teachers to create a communication culture through educational technologies
Authors: Sharipkhojayeva Zhenisgul , Amirova Amina , Zhanar Abilkhairova , Tursynay Bainazarova , Meirimgul Yerkinbekova , Lyazzat Komekbayeva
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is to get the opinions of teacher candidates to train future primary school teachers to create a communication culture through educational technologies. This study was created with the qualitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 40 teacher candidates studying in the primary school teaching department at various universities in Kazakhstan. Research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result, while the majority of primary school teacher candidates found themselves sufficient in using technology, they found themselves moderately competent in using educational technologies. Primary school teacher candidates stated that programs related to both educational technologies and creating a communication culture should be developed in universities. It is necessary to implement the suggestions of pre-service teachers on improving the communication culture and to organize the education given at universities in this direction.

Keywords: Communication culture; educational technologies; primary school; teacher candidates.
Postmodern intertextuality: Teachers' perceptions about the challenges and implications for EFL learners in literary texts analysis
Authors: Toti Usman Shah , Abahussain Majed
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand postmodern Intertextual perceptions of college-level teachers, the contribution of Intertextuality in comprehending a literary piece of work, and certain challenges facing Saudi EFL learners in meaning construction during the reading process examined in this research. The subjects were five professional teachers from two different colleges who were interviewed in a certain time framework. The researcher analyzed the teachers’ personal experiences, explanations about postmodern reading intertextuality, and its intricacies in learners’ comprehension emerged as dominant themes. The findings show that during teachers’ semi-structured interviews, their meanings, and contents indicated that cultural background, lack of intertextual awareness, stereotype approach, and lack of postmodern literary knowledge can provide impediments in textual analysis and interpretation. Further research is needed to explore more avenues in postmodern intertextual areas and to look into viewing intertextuality from deeper perspectives.

Keywords:   Canterbury tales; English teachers; intertextuality; pastiche; postmodernism
Climate Change Exacerbated Dalbergia sissoo Dieback Under Water Stress and Ceratocystis fimbriata Infection
Authors: Muhammad Asif Javed
Published: July 2023

Dalbergia sissoo is a native tree species of the Indo-Pak and is one of the most important timber-producing species used in the agroforestry, fuelwood, and furniture industries. Historically widespread mortality of shisham due to dieback was observed during an El Niño cycle characterized by low rains and high temperatures. This is the first report that has successfully established the role of water deficit in shisham dieback under Ceratocystis fimbriata infection. Seedlings were either predisposed to water deficit for two weeks before fungal inoculation or subjected to both stresses i.e., biotic, and abiotic at the same time. The imposition of water deficit and the availability of water at the time of inoculation was determined by the rate of plant development, lesion growth, physiological parameters such as (stomatal conductivity, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, water potential, water use efficiency), chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, and oxidative enzymes such as POD, CAT, and H2O2. Water-stressed plants showed dieback symptoms and more susceptibility to fungal infection than well-watered plants clearly demonstrating water deficit is the primary cause of shisham dieback. Inoculated plants responded to stress by decreasing stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic activity due to low water potential. The growth rate was also affected due to low chlorophyll and carotenoid content. D. sissoo reacts to stress by increased production of CAT and POD, enzymes. This study emphasizes the importance of exploring the interaction of drought x disease in shisham and the primary physiological responses involved in plant growth.
Informality and Marginalised Groups in Crisis Response
Authors: Price Roz
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic had ripple effects that extend beyond the domain of health risks into economic, social, and political domains. These effects were not evenly distributed and exacerbated existing societal inequalities and marginalisation (UNDRR and UNU-EHS 2022: 11). Informal and migrant workers, and those living in informal settlements, were disproportionately affected by the health and secondary impacts of the pandemic, which further impacted their livelihoods and ability to meet basic needs, and constrained their ability to recover given the coping mechanisms they had to adopt (Chen et al. 2022: 19). At the same time, successful disaster risk reduction (DRR) often depends on informal actors and networks (Boersma et al. 2019). Limitations of formal disaster governance mechanisms have been much discussed, with shortcomings being largely connected to the lack of (local) knowledge, contextual understanding, incentives, coordination mechanisms, or flexibility, as well as focusing on infrastructural and technocratic solutions over engaging with existing local resources (Duda , Kelman and Glick 2020: 375). Despite this, short-term, single-hazard disaster management approaches still dominate (Donoghoe et al. 2022). Research supported by the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Programme – which is supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) – points to the need for special provisions addressing current and future challenges of informal workers in disaster response (Pillai et al. 2022b). This requires not only including informal workers in Covid-19 recovery policies, but also centring them in economic, social, and disaster policy (Alfers et al. 2022). Certain actions need to be prioritised, including the need for better data, a rethinking of policies to ensure they encompass gender considerations and social protection measures that are inclusive of informal and migrant workers, and greater recognition of the important role that grass-roots organisations play in supporting marginalised groups in times of crisis.
Shockproof and Inclusive Fiscal Policies
Authors: Saha Devanik
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economies of most countries. What differed is the intensity of the impact, which ranged from mild economic contractions to devastating recessions and downturns. From a generic perspective, it is obvious to assume that high-income countries (HIC) would have faced lesser economic destruction than low- and middleincome countries (LMIC). However, a closer examination reveals that there are several factors that determined the impact of the pandemic on a country, as well as influenced its ability to respond. For instance, the existing economic structures and weaknesses strongly affected the countries’ ability to provide adequate fiscal stimulus. These weaknesses are following pro-cyclical policies and not creating fiscal buffers that would help build more resilience. An interesting finding that emerged was that the credit rating of a country was found to be the most important determinant of its Covid-19 fiscal response. This is one major area where HICs had a significant advantage compared to LMICs. Another key challenge that disproportionately affected LMICs was the lack of digitisation and access to the internet, which hampered economic growth as well as affected the countries’ ability to quickly disburse cash transfers and support. Research supported by the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Programme – which is supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) – has revealed some emerging lessons and recommendations to address these challenges and improve the resilience of countries to future shocks. One of the first and foremost recommendations is for countries to invest strongly in social protection and healthcare systems for its citizens, which would help build their resilience for future shocks. Adopting free trade policies and avoiding protectionism has also been an important lesson from the pandemic. Another key lesson is to employ a gender lens to fiscal and monetary policies as women have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Countries should also adopt expansionary monetary and fiscal policies as far as possible to increase the demand. Finally, countries also need to strengthen their financial institutions and mechanisms and reduce political interference, that would help maintain the asset quality of the banking sector.
Requirements for the Application of Governance Standards in Faculties of Education in Arab Universities
Authors: Hussen Bannaga
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to identify the requirements for applying the dimensions of governance in the faculties of education in Arab universities. The descriptive analytical method was used, analyzing the content of previous studies related to the  topic. The most important results are that the faculties of education in Arab universities actually apply, to a moderate degree, the dimensions of governance in their management, as well as for some instances of self-monitoring, development and sustainability. It also came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: issuing regulations and legislation related to governance standards in the faculties of education in Arab universities, establishing independent committees within the faculties of education to follow up and evaluate the implementation of governance standards, adopting unified and declared standards for the various faculties of education in Arab universities, strengthening the role of the Union of Arab Universities, and consolidating the bonds of partnership between the union and the faculties of education.
Keywords: Implementation of governance; Governance Standards; Faculties of Education; Arab universities; Descriptive Analythical Method.
La Deserción Escolar en la Educación Superior en el Sureste Mexicano: Una Mirada Cualitativa (2011-2020)
Authors: Negrete Cetina Magnolia , Cabañas Victoria Vladimir Veniamin , Martínez Sánchez Maritza Maribel , Velasco Argente Rafael Alberto , Pérez Martínez Kenya Mariana
Published: July 2023

La deserción escolar es una problemática presente en diversas disciplinas, niveles y contextos educativos. Más del 40% del alumnado que ingresa a la educación superior en América Latina  no finaliza sus estudios según un estudio por Fonseca y García, (2016). En México, diversas organizaciones que evalúan programas educativos señalan la urgente necesidad de reducir el abandono escolar; para lo cual se requiere identificar las causas de deserción. Estudios previos sugieren que el alumnado abandona sus estudios debido a diversas razones, entre ellos, factores psicológicos, socio-ambientales, económicos, organizacionales e interaccionales (Tinto, 1987); y factores económicos, administrativos, académicos y afectivos (Autores, 2012). Este artículo reporta los hallazgos obtenidos en un estudio de caso cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue explorar las causas de deserción escolar en una universidad ubicada en la región sureste de México. Se recolectaron datos mediante una encuesta electrónica aplicada a 118 participantes que desertaron de programas educativos de licenciatura y posgrado, en cinco campus y siete divisiones académicas. Los resultados sugieren que el alumnado abandona sus estudios por tres principales causas: académicas, personales, y económicas. Los resultados también demuestran que la deserción es compleja y multi-factorial. Este artículo también ofrece recomendaciones para la toma de decisiones y diseño de programas de apoyo a estudiantes en educación superior.
Palabras clave: deserción, abandono escolar, educación superior
Russian Households: Dynamics of the Economic Situation (1994–2021)
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Voronin G.L. , Evgrafova K.O ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kiseleva I.P. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozyreva P.M. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS; HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kosolapov M.S. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nizamova A.E. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS; HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sivkova I.V. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Smirnov A.I. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sokolova S.B. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tonis E.I. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

В работе представлен сравнительный анализ данных «Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ» (РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ) за 1994–2021 гг. Данные РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ свидетельствуют о том, что в 2021 г. наблюдался рост реальных доходов населения. После сокращения почти на треть в 2020 г. средние реальные доходы домохозяйств выросли в 2021 г. на 7,7%. При этом рост доходов от государственных трансфертных платежей составил 14%, в то время как доходы домохозяйств от заработной платы увеличились лишь на 3,9%. Снизилось неравенство домохозяйств по доходам. Если в 2019 и 2020 гг. средний ежемесячный доход наиболее состоятельных домохозяйств превышал доход наименее состоятельных в 2,6 раза, то в 2021 г. доход наиболее состоятельных был выше в 2,3 раза. После сокращения в 2020 г. на 30% ежемесячные расходы домохозяйств на продукты питания и непродовольственные товары выросли в 2021 г. на 3,9%. Разрыв по уровню расходов между состоятельными и малообеспеченными домохозяйствами сократился с 5,1 до 5 раз. Уровень безработицы среди экономически активного населения снизился с 3,4% в 2020 г. до 3,1% в 2021 г. Коэффициент участия в рабочей силе, напротив, вырос с 80,9 до 81,5%, вернувшись к значениям 2019 г. Доля работников, столкнувшихся с задолженностью по заработной плате, сократилась и достигла минимума за все годы наблюдений (0,6%). Продолжила расти доля пенсионеров, столкнувшихся с задолженностью по пенсионным выплатам. Доля таких пенсионеров в 2021 г. составила 8,2% среди мужчин и 6,7% среди женщин. В 2021 г. россияне были в целом удовлетворены жизнью (50,6% удовлетворенных), но не своим материальным положением (55,2% неудовлетворенных). Продолжала ухудшаться субъективная оценка материальных и финансовых перспектив домохозяйств. Напротив, немного улучшилась оценка россиянами своего положения на рынке труда (стабильности текущего трудоустройства и перспектив найти новую работу). По сравнению с 2020 г. снизилась доля увольнений по причине закрытия предприятий и выхода на пенсию, чаще причинами увольнения стали ухудшение здоровья и продолжение образования.
How Russians Protected Themselves from COVID‑19 in 2021
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Roshchina Ya. M. , Kharitonova A. A. ,   HSE University, Moscow,Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

В работе охарактеризованы практики здоровьесберегающего поведения россиян во второй год пандемии COVID‑19. Эмпирической базой работы стали данные «Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ» (РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ) за 2020 и 2021 гг. Как свидетельствуют данные РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ, к концу второго года пандемии россияне продолжали высоко оценивать эффективность базовых мер по защите от коронавируса (соблюдение дистанции, ношение масок, мытье рук). Несмотря на это, уровень доверия к отдельным мерам защиты снизился по сравнению с 2020 г. Как и в первый год пандемии, респонденты старшего возраста и респонденты с низкой самооценкой здоровья были более склонны позитивно оценивать защитные меры по сравнению с остальным населением. Если в 2020 г. россияне придерживались четырех явно идентифицируемых стратегий здоровьесберегающего поведения, то в 2021 г. таких стратегий осталось только две. В 2021 г. на основании данных РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ не удалось идентифицировать выявленную годом ранее стратегию минимальной защиты и стратегию профилактики; преобладающими в этом году оказались стратегии умеренной и максимальной защиты от коронавируса. Среди сторонников умеренной стратегии, которая предполагала ношение масок и мытье рук, была выше доля мужчин, работающих респондентов, молодежи до 30 лет и людей среднего возраста, людей с хорошим здоровьем. Для таких респондентов был характерен более низкий уровень обобщенного доверия. Они чаще пользовались социальными сетями и достаточно скептично оценивали эффективность защитных мер в целом. Среди сторонников стратегии максимальной защиты, соблюдавших практически все рекомендуемые защитные меры, была выше доля пожилых людей, людей со средней или низкой самооценкой здоровья, жителей сельской местности. В этой группе доля добровольно и принудительно вакцинированных была значимо выше по сравнению с первой группой. На основании данных 2020 и 2021 гг. не удалось выявить определенной закономерности перехода респондентов от одних стратегий здоровьесберегающего поведения к другим.
Kajian Kerawanan Bencana Longsor Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis Sebagai Acuan Mitigasi Bencana di Kecamatan Panti, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Robbi Riki Alfa , Astutik Sri , Kurnianto Fahmi Arif
Published: July 2023

Curah hujan menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya tanah longsor saat hujan terjadi maka akan ada presipitasi oleh tanah yang akan menyebabkan tingkat ke jenuhan pada tanah yang menjadikan kondisi tanah menjadi labil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi bencana alam khususnya longsor sehingga diharapkan ada persiapan ketika bencana terjadi, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode survey yang dilakukan untuk mengukur data primer, sampel yang diambil sebanyak 10 titik sampel yang di ambil dengan mempertimbangkan jarak pemukiman dengan lereng. Analisis data yang di gunakan berupa pembuatan peta dengan metode weighted overlay dan dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Penyusunan strategi untuk mengurangi dampak bencana longsor dan melakukan skema-sekema penanggulangan bencana yang di lakukan menggunakan hasil analisis SWOT yang di pengaruhi oleh dua factor eksternal dan factor internal. Hasil analisis menunjukan lereng atas dan lereng tengah dari pembagian tiga zonasi kerawanan memiliki tingkat kerawanan tinggi hingga sangat tinggi dengan erosi parit yang berada di lereng atas yang memicu run off danpenjenuhan horizon tanah oleh air. Hasil dari analisis SWOT yaitu menyiapkan ruang evakuasi bencana yang memadai dan mudah di akses oleh masyarakat yang berada di lereng bawah dari pembagian zonasi (SO), pemerintah  perlu membuat kebijakan untuk  melarang pembangunan pada kawasan rawan (WO), melakukan edukasi berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat terkait kebencanaan dan kesadaran akan pentingnya kesiapan menhadapi bencana untuk memperkuat pengetahuan kebencanaan masyrakat (ST).
Penggunaan SIG Untuk Pemetaan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Rowokangkung Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Khomariyah Nur Lailatul , Astutik Sri , Apriyanto Bejo
Published: July 2023

Bencana banjir termasuk salah satu bencana alam yang dapat dikaji dari segi geografi melalui keruangan. Bencana banjir merupakan limpasan air yang melebihi tinggi muka air normal, sehingga melimpah dari palung sungai menyebabkan adanya genangan pada lahan rendah di tepi sungai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Penggunaan SIG untuk pemetaan jalur mitigasi bencana banjir Di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Rowokangkung Kabupaten Lumajang. (2) Arahan mitigasi bencana banjir Di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Rowokangkung Kabupaten Lumajang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei deskriptif dengan pendekatan spasial. Populasi adalah seluruh satuan lahan dan individu di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Rowokangkung, serta pemerintah. Sampel penelitian adalah satuan lahan dan individu yang terkena banjir di Desa Sidorejo, serta BPBD Kabupaten Lumajang. Jumlah satuan lahannya adalah 7. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan overlay dan skoring parameter tingkat kerawanan banjir, yaitu bentuk lahan, kemiringan lereng, tanah, dan penggunaan lahan untuk menganalisis data. Rujukan mitigasi banjir ditentukan berdasarkan tingkat kerawanan dan jenis banjir tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) tingkat kerawanan banjir di Kecamatan Rowokangkung terdiri 3 kelas, yaitu (a) kelas sangat rendah meliputi Desa Sidorejo sampai 8,03 ha; (b) Kelas rentan meliputi 2 desa yaitu Desa Kedungrejo dan Desa Rowokangkung dengan luas 29,78 ha; (c) Kelas kurang rentan terdiri dari 4 desa yaitu Desa Nogosari, Desa Sumbersari, Desa Sumberanyar, dan Desa Dawuhan Wetan dengan luas 50,15 ha. (2) Arahan mitigasi banjir dibagi menjadi 4 tipe, yaitu Tipe I untuk sangat rawan dan banjir kiriman, Tipe II untuk tingkat rawan dan jenis kiriman banjir, Tipe III untuk tingkat rawan dan tipe banjir lokal, kelas Tipe IV untuk tingkat kerawanan rendah dan tipe banjir kiriman.
Evaluasi dan Sebaran Kualitas Air Tanah Berdasarkan Parameter Litologi, Tekstur Tanah, dan Limbah di Kecamatan Kaliwates Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Pratiwi Inti Nur Tirta , Yushardi Y. , Kurnianto Fahmi Arif , Astutik Sri , Apriyanto Bejo
Published: July 2023

Kualitas air tanah menjadi sangat penting untuk diteliti ketika parameter fisik dan kimia melebihi atau berbeda dari ketentuan yang sudah ditetapkan. Perbedaan penelitian ini dengan penelitian terdahulu banyak yang membahas mengenai evaluasi kualitas air tanah saja namun belum mempertimbangkan aspek fisik, kimia dengan menggunakan parameter litologi, tekstur tanah, dan limbah pada suatu daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana evaluasi dan sebaran kualitas air tanah dengan menggunakan parameter litologi, tekstur tanah, dan limbah di Kecamatan Kaliwates Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Teknik analisis data deskriptif berdasarkan nilai pada parameter PERMENKES untuk melihat bagaimana nilai atau tingkat kualitas air tanah yang ada pada daerah tersebut dan juga menggunakan Teknik analisis data menggunakan interpolasi IDW untuk melihat bagaimana sebaran kualitas airtanah di daerah penelitian atau di sekitar daerah penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian dan pengukuran diketahui bahwa persebaran kualitas airtanah tidak merata, yang disebabkan oleh adanya limbah lain di sekitar sumur yang mencemari kualitas airtanah. Dinyatakan bahwa meskipun pada jarak <100m - >200m dan pada dua litologi batuan yang berbeda, hasil persebaran kualitas airnya sama yaitu kualitas fisik air kurang baik dan jarak tidak mempengaruhi kualitas air dan sedangkan kualitas air masih memiliki bau, rasa, dan warna meskipun berada pada jarak yang dekat sekalipun. Untuk nilai TDS dan pH masih memenuhi mutu kualitas air tanah namun untuk suhu tidak memenuhi baku mutu udara. Disimpulkan untuk kualitas air tanah untuk rasa, bau, warna, dan kekeruhan masih tergolong rendah, sedangkan untuk kualitas air tanah berdasarkan pH, TDS, dan Suhu masih baik untuk digunakan.
Model Rumah Panggung Masyarakat Kampung Naga Sebagai Bentuk Kearifan Lokal Dalam Mengurangi Resiko Bencana Gempa Bumi
Authors: Anggita Sofia , Amanda Yollan Aditya , Isnaini Kamila , Anggraeni Rina Dwi , Zubaidah Zubaidah , Nabil Jihan Nanda , Mutafiin Rafi Al
Published: July 2023

Kampung Naga merupakan kampung adat yang memiliki kearifan lokal salah satunya dapat dilihat dari bentuk bangunannya yang dapat tahan gempa, hal inilah yang menjadi keunikan dari bangunan rumah adat Kampung Naga dan menjadi sesuatu yang menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan model rumah panggung Kampung Naga yang tahan terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengumpulan data dengan cara pengamatan langsung dengan mengkaji langsung terkait model bangunan kampung naga dan wawancara kepada salah satu penduduk Kampung Naga. Kemudiaan dilakukan dokumentasi untuk memperkuat data yang didapat dilapangan dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk menghasilkan informasi yang baik dan benar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa bangunan rumah panggung penduduk Kampung Naga berbentuk persegi panjang dengan nuansa arsitektur yang tradisonal dan sederhana. Rumah Panggung Kampung Naga memiliki pondasi bangunan yang baik yaitu dengan menggunakan batu sungai. Dengan berdirinya tiang-tiang batu penyangga ini, maka goncangan sebesar apapun tidak akan roboh karena memiliki banyak tiang penyangga di rumahnya. Selanjutnya rumah adat Kampung Naga pun seimbang dan simetris sehingga ketika digoyang gempa tidak ambruk. Selain itu karena bahan bangunan rumahnya lebih ringan dibandingkan rumah bertembok sehingga kondisi tersebut berpengaruh terhadap daya dukung lahan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep rumah tahan gempa pada bangunan Kampung Naga dapat terlihat dari beberapa komponen bangunan yang terbuat dari bahan alami yang bersifat ringan dan lentur tidak akan mengalami keretakan atau roboh saat terjadi goncangan dan tiang penyangga dari batu sungai menjadi pondasi rumah yang kuat.