bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SlWRKY51 regulates proline content to enhance chilling tolerance in tomato
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Zhang Meihui , Wu Chuanzhao , Chen Chong , Meng Lun , Zhang Guangqiang , Zhuang Kunyang , Shi Qinghua
Published: August 2024

Chilling stress is a major environmental factor that significantly reduces crop production. To adapt to chilling stress, plants activate a series of cellular responses and accumulate an array of metabolites, particularly proline. Here, we report that the transcription factor SlWRKY51 increases proline contents in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under chilling stress. SlWRKY51 expression is induced under chilling stress. Knockdown or knockout of SlWRKY51 led to chilling‐sensitive phenotypes, with lower photosynthetic capacity and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation than the wild type (WT). The proline contents were significantly reduced in SlWRKY51 knockdown and knockout lines under chilling stress, perhaps explaining the phenotypes of these lines. D‐1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), which catalyses the rate‐limiting step of proline biosynthesis, is encoded by two closely related P5CS genes (P5CS1 and P5CS2). We demonstrate that SlWRKY51 directly activates the expression of P5CS1 under chilling stress. In addition, the VQ (a class of plant‐specific proteins containing the conserved motif FxxhVQxhTG) family member SlVQ10 physically interacts with SlWRKY51 to enhance its activation of P5CS1. Our study reveals that the chilling‐induced transcription factor SlWRKY51 enhances chilling tolerance in tomato by promoting proline accumulation.
Exogenous stimulation of Tanacetum vulgare roots with pipecolic acid leads to tissue‐specific responses in terpenoid composition
Authors: Rahimova H. , Heinen R. , Weber B. , Weisser W. W. , Schnitzler J.‐P.
Published: August 2024

Tanacetum vulgare L., tansy, is a perennial plant with highly variable terpenoid composition, with mono‐ and sesquiterpenoids being the most abundant. The high diversity of terpenoids plays an important role in mediating ecological interactions. However, the distribution of terpenoids in different tissues and inducibility of terpenoids in these tissues via biotic stress are poorly understood.

We investigated changes in terpenoid profiles and concentrations in different organs following treatment of roots with pipecolic acid (Pip), a non‐proteinogenic amino acid that triggers defence responses leading to induce systemic resistance (SAR) in plants.

Tansy leaves and midribs contained mainly monoterpenoids, while coarse and fine roots contained mainly sesquiterpenoids. Rhizomes contained terpenoid profiles of both midribs and roots but also unique compounds. Treatment with Pip led to an increase in concentrations of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoids in all tissues except rhizomes. However, significantly more sesquiterpenoids was formed in root tissues in response to Pip treatment, compared to shoots.

The metabolic atlas for terpenoids presented here shows that there is exceptionally strong differentiation of terpenoid patterns and terpenoid content in different tissues of tansy. This, together with differential inducibility by Pip, suggests that the chemical diversity of terpenoids may play an important role in tansy ecological interactions and defence against biotic stressors that feed on below‐ and aboveground organs.
Transcription factors and plant hormones mediate wax metabolism in response to drought stress
Authors: Gao Yanlong , Ma Xiaolan , Zhang Zhongxing , Wang Yanxiu
Published: August 2024

Plants have, throughout evolution, developed a hydrophobic cuticle to protect them from various stresses in the terrestrial environment. The cuticle layer is mainly composed of cutin and cuticular wax, a mixture of very‐long‐chain fatty acids and their derivatives. With the progress of transcriptome sequencing and other research methods, the key enzymes, transporters and regulatory factors in wax synthesis and metabolism have been gradually identified, especially the study on the regulation of wax metabolism by transcription factors and others in response to plant stress has become a hot topic. Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and crop productivity. Plant epidermal wax prevents non‐stomatal water loss and improves water use efficiency to adapt to arid environments. In this study, the ways of wax synthesis, transport, metabolism and regulation at different levels are reviewed. At the same time, the regulation of wax by different transcription factors and plant hormones in response to drought is elaborated, and key research questions and important directions for future solutions are proposed to enhance the potential application of epidermal wax in agriculture and the environment.
Incidence of residual biologic debris and contamination of reused bipolar vessel sealing devices after ethylene oxide sterilization following splenectomy
Authors: Folk Christian A. , Buote Nicole J. , Socha Dennis E. , Hayes Galina M.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to quantify the amount of biologic debris present within disposable bipolar vessel sealing devices after each use for canine splenectomies and determine the aerobic bacterial load of the debris following instrument resterilization with ethylene oxide.

Study design

Prospective observational clinical study.

Study population

Client‐owned dogs (n = 40) presenting to a single specialty hospital for open, routine, or emergency splenectomies.

Methods

A total of 16 bipolar vessel sealing devices were randomly assigned to undergo one, two, three, or four splenectomies, manual hand cleanings, and ethylene oxide sterilizations before being dismantled. After final use and sterilization, each handset was agitated in phosphate‐buffered saline before disassembly, which was submitted for aerobic culture. Following aseptic disassembly, all biological residue was photo‐documented, collected, quantified using a subjective scoring system, and submitted for culture.

Results

Biologic debris was present within the inner mechanics of all devices, specifically under the blade used for vessel transection. A linear increase in debris was not appreciated amongst devices used once versus devices used multiple times. None of the devices nor any of the biologic debris cultured positive following sterilization with ethylene oxide.

Conclusion

The presence of biologic debris was documented after the initial use of disposable bipolar vessel sealing devices, but no devices or debris yielded positive culture results following ethylene oxide sterilization after splenectomies.

Clinical significance

Increased risk of iatrogenic surgical site contamination from reused vessel sealing devices is unlikely when they have been cleaned and sterilized with ethylene oxide after up to four splenectomy surgeries.
An Updated Review on the Spatial Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Across Ticks, Animals and Humans in Northeastern China and Adjacent Regions
Authors: Dong Ruixuan , Fang Ruying , Yang Xin , Sun Yifan , Zhang Yinsheng , Li Sen
Published: August 2024

Background

Lyme disease is a tick‐borne zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is prevalent in northeastern Asia, particularly in the forested area of Northeastern China. However, a lack of systematic data on the spatial distribution of B. burgdorferi in this region hinders the prediction of its transmission risk across the landscape.

Methods

To provide an updated overview and establish a comprehensive spatial distribution database, we conducted a systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2022. We collected and compiled relevant data on B. burgdorferi in Northeastern China and its neighbouring regions, outlining its distribution in ticks, wild animals, livestock and humans. Spatial analysis was performed to identify spatial clusters of tick positivity and host infection rates.

Results

From a total of 1823 literature, we selected 110 references to compile 626 detection records of B. burgdorferi, including 288 in ticks, 109 in wildlife, 111 in livestock and domestic animals and 100 in humans. The average detection rate of B. burgdorferi in ticks was approximately 20%, with wildlife, livestock and domestic animal host positivity rates below 50% and human seroprevalence rates varying from 0.94% to 44.18%.

Conclusions

The study identified the presence of 17 tick species and ten genotypes of B. burgdorferi in the region, indicating a broad distribution. Notably, B. burgdorferi exhibited notable clustering, particularly in the central and eastern areas of Jilin Province, warranting further investigation.
New afroalpine Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Ethiopia
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Rybalov Leonid , Kuzmicheva Evgeniya
Published: August 2024

Two new species of Oppiidae are described, based on adults collected from Ethiopia. Arcoppia afroalpina Ermilov sp. nov. differs from its closely related species, A. arcualis arcualis by the morphology of the rostrum, the length and morphology of branches on the bothridial head, and the body size. Helioppia ethiopiaensis Ermilov sp. nov. differs from its closely related species, H. sol by the morphology of the rostrum, the morphology of the bothridial head, the development of the notogastral seta c, the location of the notogastral seta la, the presence of the costula, and longer notogastral setae. The generic diagnosis of Helioppia is presented.
Discussion of sound propagation through the turbulent Martian atmosphere and implications for inference of turbulence spectra
Authors: Ostashev Vladimir E. , Wilson D. Keith , Hart Carl R. , Chide Baptiste , Blanc-Benon Philippe
Published: August 2024

Chide et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 155, 420–435 (2024)] provide a first attempt to infer the spectrum of temperature fluctuations on Mars from experimental data on the variances of travel-time and log-amplitude fluctuations recorded by the microphone on board the Perseverance rover. However, the theoretical formulations that were used to interpret the travel-time data have limitations. In addition to explaining those issues, this article also outlines approaches for predicting statistical characteristics of acoustic signals in the Martian atmosphere. In particular, the experimentally observed dependence of the travel-time variance on the propagation range can be attributed to ground-blocking of buoyantly produced turbulent velocity fluctuations and the non-Markov character of phase fluctuations.
Embedding Multimodal Rehabilitation Within Routine Cancer Care in Sheffield—The Active Together Service Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Myers Anna , Humphreys Liam , Thelwell Michael , Pickering Katie , Frith Gabbi , Phillips Gail , Keen Carol , Copeland Robert , _ _
Published: August 2024

Background: Approximately 3 million people in the United Kingdom are currently living with or beyond cancer. People undergoing treatment for cancer are at risk of complications following treatment. Increasing evidence supports the role of rehabilitation (including prehabilitation) in enhancing psychological and physical well-being in patients with cancer and improving outcomes. Active Together is an evidence-based, multimodal rehabilitation service for patients with cancer, providing support to help patients prepare for and recover from treatment. This paper presents the evaluation protocol for the Active Together service, aiming to determine its impact on patient-reported outcomes and clinical endpoints, as well as understand processes and mechanisms that influence its delivery and outcomes. Methods: This evaluation comprises an outcome and process evaluation, with service implementation data integrated into the analysis of outcome measures. The outcome evaluation will assess changes in outcomes of patients that attend the service and compare health care resource use against historical data. The process evaluation will use performance indicators, semistructured interviews, and focus groups to explore mechanisms of action and contextual factors influencing delivery and outcomes. Integrating psychological change mechanisms with outcome data might help to clarify complex causal pathways within the service. Conclusions: Evidence to support the role of multimodal rehabilitation before, during, and after cancer treatment is increasing. The translation of that evidence into practice is less advanced. Findings from this evaluation will contribute to our understanding of the real-world impact of cancer rehabilitation and strengthen the case for widespread adoption of rehabilitation into routine care for people with cancer.
The genomic potential of photosynthesis in piconanoplankton is functionally redundant but taxonomically structured at a global scale
Authors: Schickele Alexandre , Debeljak Pavla , Ayata Sakina-Dorothée , Bittner Lucie , Pelletier Eric , Guidi Lionel , Irisson Jean-Olivier
Published: August 2024

Carbon fixation is a key metabolic function shaping marine life, but the underlying taxonomic and functional diversity involved is only partially understood. Using metagenomic resources targeted at marine piconanoplankton, we provide a reproducible machine learning framework to derive the potential biogeography of genomic functions through the multi-output regression of gene read counts on environmental climatologies. Leveraging the Marine Atlas of Tara Oceans Unigenes, we investigate the genomic potential of primary production in the global ocean. The latter is performed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO) and is often associated with carbon concentration mechanisms in piconanoplankton, major marine unicellular photosynthetic organisms. We show that the genomic potential supporting C
4
enzymes and RUBISCO exhibits strong functional redundancy and important affinity toward tropical oligotrophic waters. This redundancy is taxonomically structured by the dominance of Mamiellophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae in mid and high latitudes. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between functional and taxonomic diversity of microorganisms and environmental drivers of key biogeochemical cycles.
A thalamic nucleus reuniens–lateral septum–lateral hypothalamus circuit for comorbid anxiety–like behaviors in chronic itch
Authors: Guo Su-Shan , Gong Yu , Zhang Ting-Ting , Su Xin-Yu , Wu Yan-Jiao , Yan Yi-Xiao , Cao Yue , Song Xing-Lei , Xie Jian-Cheng , Wu Dehua , Jiang Qin , Li Ying , Zhao Xuan , Zhu Michael X. , Xu Tian-Le , Liu Ming-Gang
Published: August 2024

Chronic itch often clinically coexists with anxiety symptoms, creating a vicious cycle of itch-anxiety comorbidities that are difficult to treat. However, the neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of anxiety in chronic itch remain elusive. Here, we report anxiety-like behaviors in mouse models of chronic itch and identify γ-aminobutyric acid–releasing (GABAergic) neurons in the lateral septum (LS) as the key player in chronic itch–induced anxiety. In addition, chronic itch is accompanied with enhanced activity and synaptic plasticity of excitatory projections from the thalamic nucleus reuniens (Re) onto LS GABAergic neurons. Selective chemogenetic inhibition of the Re → LS circuit notably alleviated chronic itch–induced anxiety, with no impact on anxiety induced by restraint stress. Last, GABAergic neurons in lateral hypothalamus (LH) receive monosynaptic inhibition from LS GABAergic neurons to mediate chronic itch–induced anxiety. These findings underscore the potential significance of the Re → LS → LH pathway in regulating anxiety-like comorbid symptoms associated with chronic itch.
Human population dynamics in Upper Paleolithic Europe inferred from fossil dental phenotypes
Authors: Rathmann Hannes , Vizzari Maria T. , Beier Judith , Bailey Shara E. , Ghirotto Silvia , Harvati Katerina
Published: August 2024

Despite extensive archaeological research, our knowledge of the human population history of Upper Paleolithic Europe remains limited, primarily due to the scarce availability and poor molecular preservation of fossil remains. As teeth dominate the fossil record and preserve genetic signatures in their morphology, we compiled a large dataset of 450 dentitions dating between ~47 and 7 thousand years ago (ka), outnumbering existing skeletal and paleogenetic datasets. We tested a range of competing demographic scenarios using a coalescent-based machine learning Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework that we modified for use with phenotypic data. Mostly in agreement with but also challenging some of the hitherto available evidence, we identified a population turnover in western Europe at ~28 ka, isolates in western and eastern refugia between ~28 and 14.7 ka, and bottlenecks during the Last Glacial Maximum. Methodologically, this study marks the pioneering application of ABC to skeletal phenotypes, paving the way for exciting future research avenues.
3D DNA origami pincers that multitask on giant unilamellar vesicles
Authors: Zhan Pengfei , Yang Juanjuan , Ding Longjiang , Jing Xinxin , Hipp Katharina , Nussberger Stephan , Yan Hao , Liu Na
Published: August 2024

Proteins self-assemble to function in living cells. They may execute essential tasks in the form of monomers, complexes, or supramolecular cages via oligomerization, achieving a sophisticated balance between structural topology and functional dynamics. The modularity and programmability make DNA origami unique in mimicking these key features. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional reconfigurable DNA origami pincers (DOPs) that multitask on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). By programmably adjusting their pinching angle, the DOPs can dynamically control the degree of GUV remodeling. When oligomerized on the GUV to form origami cages, the DOP units interact with one another and undergo reorganization, resulting in the capture, compartmentalization, and detachment of lipid fragments. This oligomerization process is accompanied with membrane disruptions, enabling the passage of cargo across the membrane. We envisage that interfacing synthetic cells with engineered, multifunctional DNA nanostructures may help to confer customized cellular properties, unleashing the potential of both fields.
Nanos2
marks precursors of somatic lineages and is required for germline formation in the sea anemone
Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Denner Andreas , Steger Julia , Ries Alexander , Morozova-Link Elizaveta , Ritter Josefine , Haas Franziska , Cole Alison G. , Technau Ulrich
Published: August 2024

In animals, stem cell populations of varying potency facilitate regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Notably, germline stem cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates express highly conserved RNA binding proteins, such as
nanos
,
vasa
, and
piwi
. In highly regenerative animals, these genes are also expressed in somatic stem cells, which led to the proposal that they had an ancestral role in all stem cells. In cnidarians, multi- and pluripotent interstitial stem cells have only been identified in hydrozoans. Therefore, it is currently unclear if cnidarian stem cell systems share a common evolutionary origin. We, therefore, aimed to characterize conserved stem cell marker genes in the sea anemone
Nematostella vectensis
. Through transgenic reporter genes and single-cell transcriptomics, we identify cell populations expressing the germline-associated markers
piwi1
and
nanos2
in the soma and germline, and gene knockout shows that Nanos2 is indispensable for germline formation. This suggests that
nanos
and
piwi
genes have a conserved role in somatic and germline stem cells in cnidarians.
Epinephrine promotes breast cancer metastasis through a ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22–mediated lipolysis circuit
Authors: Zhou Yuanzhang , Chu Peng , Wang Ya , Li Na , Gao Qiong , Wang Shengnan , Wei Juncheng , Xue Guoqing , Zhao Yue , Jia Huijun , Song Jiankun , Zhang Yue , Pang Yujie , Zhu Houyu , Sun Jia , Ma Suxian , Su Chen , Hu Bingjin , Zhao Zhuoyue , Zhang Hui , Lu Janice , Wang Jian , Wang Hongjiang , Sun Zhaolin , Fang Deyu
Published: August 2024

Chronic stress–induced epinephrine (EPI) accelerates breast cancer progression and metastasis, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we found a strong positive correlation between circulating EPI levels and the tumoral expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) in patients with breast cancer. USP22 facilitated EPI-induced breast cancer progression and metastasis by enhancing adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)–mediated lipolysis. Targeted USP22 deletion decreased ATGL expression and lipolysis, subsequently inhibiting EPI-mediated breast cancer lung metastasis. USP22 acts as a bona fide deubiquitinase for the
Atgl
gene transcription factor FOXO1, and EPI architects a lipolysis signaling pathway to stabilize USP22 through AKT-mediated phosphorylation. Notably, USP22 phosphorylation levels are positively associated with EPI and with downstream pathways involving both FOXO1 and ATGL in breast cancers. Pharmacological USP22 inhibition synergized with β-blockers in treating preclinical xenograft breast cancer models. This study reveals a molecular pathway behind EPI’s tumor-promoting effects and provides a strong rationale for combining USP22 inhibition with β-blockers to treat aggressive breast cancer.
Trace element partitioning in a deep magma ocean and the origin of the Hf-Nd mantle array
Authors: Ozawa Keisuke , Sakamoto Naoya , Tsutsumi Yutaro , Hirose Kei , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Yurimoto Hisayoshi
Published: August 2024

Crystallization in Earth’s deep magma ocean could have caused trace element fractionation in the lower mantle that might be inherited to the isotopic compositions of the present-day mantle. However, the trace element partitioning has been experimentally investigated only up to the uppermost lower-mantle pressures. Here, we determined the bridgmanite/melt partition coefficients
D
of La, Nd, Sm, Lu, and Hf from 24 to 115 gigapascals, covering the wide pressure range of the lower mantle. Results demonstrate substantial reductions in
D
Lu
and
D
Hf
from >1 to ≪1 with increasing pressure to 91 gigapascals. We also found
D
Lu
/
D
Hf
> 1 and
D
Sm
/
D
Nd
< 1 under deep lower-mantle conditions, evolving melts toward low Lu/Hf and high Sm/Nd ratios by crystallizing bridgmanite. If residual melts form a dense hidden reservoir in the lowermost mantle, the complementary accessible mantle has the Hf and Nd isotopic compositions matching the observed terrestrial mantle array that deviates from the bulk silicate Earth reference.
The enhanced neutral process with decreasing cell size: a study on phytoplankton metacommunities from the glacier-fed river of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
Authors: Wu Zhihua , Xiong Xiong , Liu Guoxiang , Zhu Huan
Published: August 2024

The cell size of phytoplankton is an important defining functional trait that can serve as a driver and sentinel of phytoplankton community structure and function. However, the study of the assembly patterns and drivers of phytoplankton metacommunities with different cell sizes has not been widely carried out. In this study, we systematically investigated the biodiversity patterns, drivers, and assembly processes of the three phytoplankton cell sizes (micro: 20–200 μm; nano: 2–20 μm; pico: 0.2–2 μm) in the Za’gya Zangbo River from the source to the estuary using 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity and co-occurrence network complexity for all three sizes of phytoplankton increased to a peak downstream of the glacier sources and then decreased to the estuary. The nanophytoplankton subcommunity consistently had the highest alpha diversity and co-occurrence network complexity. On the other hand, total beta diversity followed a unimodal trend of decreasing and then increasing from source to estuary, and was dominated by species replacement components. In addition, deterministic processes driven mainly by physiochemical indices (PCIs) and biogenic elements (BGEs) dominated the assembly of micro- and nanophytoplankton subcommunities, whereas stochastic processes driven by geographical factors (GGFs) dominated the assembly of picophytoplankton subcommunities. The results explained the contradictions in previous studies of phytoplankton community assembly processes in highland aquatic ecosystems, elucidating the different contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes, and the complexity of compositional mechanisms in shaping the assembly of micro-, nano-, and picophytoplankton in this highland glacial river.

IMPORTANCE

The cell size of phytoplankton is a key life-history trait and key determinant, and phytoplankton of different cell sizes are differentially affected by ecological processes. However, the study of the assembly patterns and drivers of phytoplankton metacommunities with different cell sizes has not been widely carried out. We provide an in-depth analysis of phytoplankton community diversity across three cell sizes in the glacier-fed river, describing how the pattern of phytoplankton communities differs across cell sizes in response to geochemical gradients. The results show that the smaller phytoplankton (picophytoplankton) are relatively more influenced by dispersal-based stochastic processes, whereas larger ones (microphytoplankton and nanophytoplankton) are more structured by selection-based deterministic processes.
Fostering community discussions and building a toolkit for mental health and wellness in STEM
Authors: Williams Danielle R. , Duncan D’Anne , Rice Mallory M. , Sanchez Erica L.
Published: August 2024

Mental health interventions can help mitigate the unique challenges that individuals in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) face as they navigate these disciplines. We developed the “Mental Health and Wellness: Our Community and our Identity in STEM” workshop, which emphasizes leveraging our STEM community and promoting self-compassion, to foster a conversation among members of the STEM community on how to support mental health and wellness. This interactive workshop begins with a short lecture to define mental health and wellness and introduce evidence-based methods to increase self-compassion. Participants, who are often from diverse backgrounds and various career stages, then explore case studies that highlight experiences related to mental health across STEM career stages. Pre- and post-assessments of workshop participants suggest that participants had positive shifts in their ability to show compassion toward themselves as well as an increased comfort in discussing mental health within their STEM community. This workshop not only provided participants with practical tools and insights but also cultivated a supportive environment, underscoring the importance of mental health awareness and collective well-being within STEM fields. In this paper, we share tips on how this workshop was executed and lessons we have learned from our years of sharing similar workshops in the broader STEM community. We hope this paper serves as a valuable guide for potential facilitators to initiate conversations about mental health and wellness in their respective STEM spaces.
Supplemental Material: Radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar and 14C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico)
Authors: Rangel-Granados Elizabeth , al. et
Published: August 2024

Figures S1–S3 and Tables S1–S2.
NR4A ablation improves mitochondrial fitness for long persistence in human CAR-T cells against solid tumors
Authors: Nakagawara Kensuke , Ando Makoto , Srirat Tanakorn , Mise-Omata Setsuko , Hayakawa Taeko , Ito Minako , Fukunaga Koichi , Yoshimura Akihiko
Published: August 2024

Background

Antitumor effect of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells against solid tumors is limited due to various factors, such as low infiltration rate, poor expansion capacity, and exhaustion of T cells within the tumor. NR4A transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in T-cell exhaustion in mice. However, the precise contribution of each NR4a factor to human T-cell differentiation remains to be clarified.

Methods

In this study, we deleted NR4A family factors,NR4A1,NR4A2, and NR4A3,in human CAR-T cells recognizing human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We induced T-cell exhaustion in these cells in vitro through repeated co-culturing of CAR-T cells with Her2+A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and evaluated cell surface markers such as memory and exhaustion phenotypes, proliferative capacity, cytokine production and metabolic activity. We validated the antitumor toxicity of NR4A1/2/3 triple knockout (TKO) CAR-T cells in vivo by transferring CAR-T cells into A549 tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice.

Results

Human NR4A-TKO CAR-T cells were resistant against exhaustion induced by repeated antigen stimulation in vitro, and maintained higher tumor-killing activity both in vitro and in vivo compared with control CAR-T cells. A comparison of the effectiveness of NR4A single, double, and TKOs demonstrated that triple KO was the most effective in avoiding exhaustion. Furthermore, a strong enhancement of antitumor effects by NR4A TKO was also observed in T cells from various donors including aged persons. Mechanistically, NR4A TKO CAR-T cells showed enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, therefore could persist for longer periods within the tumors.

Conclusions

NR4A factors regulate CAR-T cell persistence and stemness through mitochondrial gene expression, therefore NR4A is a highly promising target for the generation of superior CAR-T cells against solid tumors.
AAC Darby Canada Western Red Spring wheat
Authors: Kumar S. , Burt A. , Green D. , Humphreys G. , McCallum B. , Fetch T. , Menzies J. , Aboukhaddour R. , Henriquez M-A.
Published: August 2024

AAC Darby (PT495) is an early maturing, high yielding, awned and hollow stemmed Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar suited to the growing conditions in the northern Canadian Prairies. AAC Darby was higher yielding than all the check varieties in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative (Park C) registration trials (2018–2020). AAC Darby was 6% higher yielding than Parata and 5% higher yielding than Carberry. AAC Darby matured 5 days earlier than Carberry and 1 day earlier than Parata. AAC Darby was similar in height to Glenn at 2 cm taller. The lodging score for AAC Darby was similar to the mean of the checks. The test weight of AAC Darby was similar to Carberry and the 1000-kernel weight was similar to Glenn and higher than Parata. AAC Darby had protein content only 0.07% lower than Carberry. AAC Darby expressed an intermediate resistant reaction to Fusarium head blight (FHB; Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). AAC Darby was moderately resistant to the prevalent races of stem rust ( Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn) and moderately susceptible to common bunt [ Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. & C. Tul.]. It was resistant to prevalent races of leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina Erikss.) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis Westend). AAC Darby was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge (OBWM) ( Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC Darby was registered under the CWRS class.
Exploring pedestrian movement characteristics during urban flooding: A micro-simulation approach
Authors: Shi Dongdong , Ma Jian , Chen Juan , Wang Qiao , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

Urban flooding events have emerged as increasingly prevalent and severe natural hazards, owing to the influence of climate change and human-induced activities. However, pedestrian locomotion in floodwater diverges significantly from level ambulation due to the complex interaction between pedestrians and water. To systematically investigate this mechanism of interaction, we propose the integration of a drag force into the social force model to simulate pedestrian movement behavior under floodwater conditions. The modified social force model was conducted for sensitivity parameters analysis and calibrated by three controllable experiments. Based on this calibrated model, an in-depth investigation has been conducted to analyze the influence of water depth and water flow velocity on pedestrians’ movement speed. Simulation results suggest that as water depth gradually incrementally rises, the drop rate of speed in running conditions is notably faster than that of walking conditions no matter what water flow speed and direction was. In addition, we propose a mathematical model capable of predicting pedestrians’ movement speed under floodwater conditions. These findings will offer valuable insights into the risk assessment of pedestrian evacuation in flooding scenarios.
A research of higher-order network emotional phase transitions
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Duan Zhang , Wang Chongpei
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the law of emotion transmission on the social Internet. By applying higher-order network theory, ER random networks are reconstructed and higher-order network structures with multiple interaction points are generated. The I-state of the SI model is extended to set up the propagation rules of emotions based on higher-order networks. Concepts such as sentiment recession rate are introduced to make sentiment propagate through different simplexes, so as to obtain the propagation rules of higher-order networks. Qualitative analysis of emotional changes during the propagation process verifies the phase transition phenomenon of emotions in the network. By comparing simulated results with actual data, we demonstrate the accuracy of our higher-order network-based emotion propagation model in reflecting real-world trends and outcomes. The study also explores the effects of factors such as the initial proportion of extreme emotions on emotion propagation. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the operation of complex systems and offers important implications for government predictions of opinion development.
Carbon Emission Reduction Decisions of Supply Chain Differential Game Under Different Government Intervention Models
Authors: Shu Yuxin , Song Han , Dai Ying , Lin Jinchai , Shen Nali
Published: August 2024

The environmental deterioration caused by carbon emissions has enhanced people’s awareness of environmental protection. Governments, businesses and consumers are expected to reduce carbon emissions while ensuring their daily activities. Therefore, based on the background of carbon emission reduction, this paper explores the impact of different low-carbon subsidy methods of government on supply chain decision-making. Through analysis and solutions, the main research conclusions are as follows: the government’s subsidy model will not affect the retailer’s low-carbon publicity level and the manufacturer’s cost-sharing rate. However, the government subsidy coefficient will affect the carbon emission reduction level, carbon emission reduction yield, low-carbon goodwill, the manufacturer’s profit and the retailer’s profit. If the manufacturer and the retailer aim only to maximize profits, the government subsidies based on carbon emission reduction yield will not be the optimal choice, which is mainly because the government only considers carbon emission reduction yield and not carbon emission reduction cost. On the contrary, if both take into account carbon emission reduction, the government subsidy to consumers will not be the optimal choice. Finally, according to the analysis and discussion, we can get some management enlightenment and suggestions.
Multi-Source Information Fusion-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Dang Yuanyi , Li Jiaxin
Published: August 2024

In wireless sensor networks, accurate node localization is essential for ensuring the precision of data collection. The DV-Hop algorithm, a popular range-free localization method, estimates distances between nodes by multiplying hop counts with average hop distances obtained through distance vector routing. However, this algorithm often experiences localization errors in randomly distributed network environments due to considerable inaccuracies in average hop distance calculations and the approximation of actual paths by straight-line paths. This paper introduces an enhanced DV-Hop localization algorithm, which constructs a mathematical model to optimize the mean square error of the average hop distance for any anchor node. This optimization corrects the average hop distance across the network, bringing it closer to the actual value, thus reducing errors and enhancing accuracy. Simulation results indicate that with 150 nodes, a 30% beacon node ratio and a 100-m communication range, the localization error of the improved FuncDV-Hop model decreased from 0.3916 to 0.1705, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreased from 24.78[Formula: see text]m to 14.39[Formula: see text]m, thereby improving localization accuracy by 56.46%.
A Novel Natural Language Processing Model Transfer Strategy Tailored for Deep Learning Platforms
Authors: Wang Zhixue , Kang Kai
Published: August 2024

As artificial intelligence technology continues to evolve, numerous advancements enable smoother communication and collaboration between humans and computers. Natural language processing (NLP), as a key direction in the field of computer and artificial intelligence, has been attracting much attention. It focuses on the language used by people in daily life, devoting itself to improving the ability of language generation and understanding, thus making communication between people and computers more fluent and natural, effectively breaking through the problem of human-computer interaction. With the advancement of deep learning technology, the migration of NLP models onto deep learning platforms has emerged as a key trend. Model transfer, a crucial aspect of deep learning, holds significant value in enhancing the performance and efficiency of NLP models. This paper begins by outlining the fundamentals of deep learning platforms and NLP model transfer, followed by a comprehensive examination of current research progress and challenges in this field. Subsequently, we introduce a novel NLP model transfer strategy tailored for deep learning platforms and validate its effectiveness through rigorous experiments. In conclusion, the paper highlights our noteworthy advancements, pointing toward promising future developments.
Analysis of Stress–Strength Modeling Using Median-Ranked Set Sampling with Its Illustration
Authors: Singh Garib Nath , Alok Arvind Kumar , Chandra Prakash
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the estimation of stress–strength reliability models, specifically [Formula: see text] in the first model, where both the strength variable [Formula: see text] and stress variable [Formula: see text] follow the identical distribution, and [Formula: see text] in the second model, where the strength variable [Formula: see text] and stress variable [Formula: see text] have distinct distributions. In the first model, we assume that the stress variable [Formula: see text] and the strength variable [Formula: see text] follow generalized exponential distributions. In contrast, in the second model, the strength variable [Formula: see text] is assumed to have a generalized exponential distribution, while the stress variable [Formula: see text] follows the Weibull distribution. The research utilizes the median-ranked set sampling (MRSS) technique to investigate different scenarios, operating on the premise that the variables in models are independent. The research utilizes the MRSS technique to investigate different scenarios, operating on the premise that the variables in both models are independent. By employing the maximum likelihood technique and implementing an MRSS design, we derive the reliability estimators for both models, considering situations where the strength and stress variables may have similar or dissimilar set sizes. A simulation study is conducted to validate the precision and accuracy of different estimations. In the majority of cases, the simulation results demonstrate that the reliability estimates for the first model are more precise than those for the second model. Also, the first model’s reliability is always more than the reliability estimate of the second model. Survival data are utilized to illustrate the concepts, enabling the verification of the theoretical findings.
SYMPTOMATIC LATERAL DISCOID MENISCUS IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 32 CASES
Authors: Megremis Panos K. , Megremis Orestis P.
Published: August 2024

A disk-shaped meniscus is a commonly known alternative to the C-shaped meniscus, which is defined by a larger-than-normal meniscus body.

However, the enlarged meniscus has a severe disadvantage, which is the increase in shearing forces exerted on it, which can lead to a tear in its body. The Wrisberg form of discoid lateral meniscus is a rare abnormality. The absence of the posterior meniscotibial ligament results in an excessive range of movement and instability of the meniscus, with only its meniscofemoral ligament (Wrisberg’s ligament) remaining intact and attached to the posterior horn of the meniscus. Additionally, a Wrisberg variant can exhibit a significant disorder in its microstructure due to an abnormal collagen network, mucosal disintegration, and a lack of vascularity.

This study includes 32 skeletally immature patients who came to our institution with symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus. The initial evaluation of every knee included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by arthroscopy. MRI enables the classification of discoid meniscus based on meniscal morphology, stability or instability, meniscal intrasubstance degradation, and the occurrence of meniscal rupture. The discoid meniscus was reshaped, excising the hypertrophied central portion of the meniscus. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) system, which is an online system for the evaluation of knee function, was utilized. Twenty-four discoid menisci were assessed as being stable and having a tear in their body. Eight discoid menisci were determined to be unstable (Wrisberg variant) with degeneration within their substance but no meniscus tear.

At surgery, the mean age of the patients was 11.81+/−2.62 years (range 5–14 years). The average follow-up was 3.71+/−0.92 years (range, 3–6). The mean preoperative IKDC score was 44.71+/−14.42 (range, 21–57) points. Postoperatively, the mean IKDC score was 81.56+/−1.70 (range, 79–84) points. The two-tailed [Formula: see text]-value was < 0.0001.

The assumption that MRI assessment is essential not only for detecting the Wrisberg alternate but also for uncovering possible meniscal disintegration and intra-substance alterations that are not usually observed through arthroscopy is supported by our data.
Generalization of Zhou Fixed Point Theorem
Authors: Yu Lu
Published: August 2024

We give two generalizations of the Zhou fixed point theorem. They weaken the subcompleteness condition of values, and relax the ascending condition of the correspondence. As an application, we derive a generalization of Topkis’ theorem on the existence and order structure of the set of Nash equilibria of supermodular games.
A class of error-detecting codes based on T-quasigroups
Authors: Kumar Satish , Singh Harshdeep , Gupta Indivar , Gupta Ashok Ji
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a new class of error-detecting codes based on quasigroups using automorphisms of the finite field [Formula: see text] and the additive group [Formula: see text]. We demonstrate that these codes are effective in detecting burst errors caused by hardware damage or noisy transmission. We also explore the codes ability to detect various types of double errors, including transposition errors, twin errors, and phonetic errors. Our analysis extends beyond bit-level errors to include block-level errors. Finally, we provide a comparative analysis and demonstrate the real-world applications of our code.
Nanocrystallized copper phosphate endowed with photothermal conversion and photoacoustic imaging capabilities
Authors: Kong Weiheng , Li Huaijiang , Zhao Yan
Published: August 2024

Copper-based nanomaterials have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in photothermal (PT) conversion and photoacoustic (PA) imaging due to their unique optical properties. However, current strategies often involve complex synthesis processes and the incorporation of additional materials, which limit their practical applicability. Here, we employed a straightforward nanocrystallization method to synthesize copper phosphate nanoparticles (Cu3(PO4)2 NPs), converting free copper ions into solid-phase nano-sized particles. This approach not only simplifies the synthesis process but also enhances the optical and thermal properties of the resulting Cu3(PO4)2 NPs. The Cu3(PO4)2 NPs achieved a temperature increase of over 20°C and a PT conversion efficiency of 10.5% under 808 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, Cu3(PO4)2 NPs exhibited strong, concentration-dependent PA signals, which enabled effective deep tissue imaging in vivo. The enhanced properties of Cu3(PO4)2 NPs can be attributed to the nanocrystallization of the particles, which alters the local environment of copper ions and enhances [Formula: see text] transitions through specific ligand field effects. These effects increase light absorption, particularly in the NIR region, by facilitating better overlap of electronic states and enabling more efficient non-radiative relaxation processes. This highlights the significance of nano-structuring in developing advanced nanomaterials with tailored functionalities for biomedical applications.
Preparation of hollow nanoarrays by instantaneous Joule heating stretching and the application in sensing
Authors: Yang Wei , Yu Zaidao , Jiang Li-Li
Published: August 2024

The hollow nanoarrays have great potential in both communication systems and monochromatic light conduction. At present, how to prepare the hollow nanoarrays quickly and efficiently is still a challenge. In this work, we introduce a kind of nanoarray supported by carbon nanotubes and oriented stretching by instantaneous Joule heating. The hollow nanoarrays have a small diameter, and are expected to enable single-mode transmission of light source signals, as well as the prospect of application in monochromatic photocatalysis. Therefore, the obtained hollow nanoarrays have a wide range of application prospects in the field of information transmission, catalysis and sensor.
How the Terms “Spirituality” and “Secularism” Appeared and Have Worked in Modern India
Authors: TOMIZAWA KANA
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the usage of English terms related to the important religious concepts of “spirituality” and “secularism” in and around modern India, employing the simple DH (Digital Humanities) approach of “counting.” The seemingly opposite terms “spirituality” and “secularism” are both essential key notions for the religiosity of the modern world and India, particularly. Like opposite sides of the same coin, they form a conceptual pair that expresses modern universalism and have functioned to mediate and bridge differences in culture and values. Despite the importance, however, scholars have yet to examine how and when the terms themselves have been used thoroughly. This paper explores the usage of these terms in some English-language texts in and around modern India, focusing on the changes in the frequency of their use in the online databases of the Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda and the Times of India. These examinations show that these English words were used in more unique and active ways in India than is often assumed. The modern use of these terms was not necessarily due to Western influence but was, at least partly, developed by modern Indians. In some cases, the Indian usage may have even preceded and influenced the new appearance of these terms in the West. This paper suggests that what we perceive as “modern” is at least partly the product of the agency and participation of the non-Western world, including India.