bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIA VERSUS EPIDEMIOLOGIA: UMA ANÁLISE DO TRADE-OFF ENTRE MERCADOS E VIDAS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: Khatib Ahmed Sameer El
Published: June 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar como o surto de novo coronavírus levou à contaminação das principais indústrias da economia global e como a resposta política e fiscal rápida de vários governos desencadeou e prolongou a recessão enquanto tentava salvar as vidas dos cidadãos. Investigamos também o efeito das políticas de distanciamento social no nível de atividades econômicas e nos preços dos índices de ações. Foram coletados dados das bolsas de valores em quatro continentes: América do Norte, África, Ásia e Europa. Extraímos informações do mercado de ações sobre o preço de fechamento (PF), preço mais baixo (PB) e preço mais alto (PMA) dos principais indicadores do mercado de ações nos quatro continentes: o índice FTSE 500 (Reino Unido); SP 500 (EUA); Nikkei 225 (Japão); e o índice SA Top 40 (África do Sul). Nas estimativas, adotamos o logaritmo natural de cada dado de preço para reduzir a assimetria observada na distribuição dos dados de preço das ações. Concentramos a análise no período que vai de Janeiro à Maio de 2020, quando o coronavírus começou a se espalhar para outros países e mercados internacionais. Examinamos empiricamente o impacto das políticas de distanciamento social nas atividades econômicas e nos índices do mercado de ações. As conclusões revelam que o crescente número de dias de bloqueio, decisões de política monetária e restrições internacionais de viagens afetaram severamente o nível de atividades econômicas e o fechamento, abertura, menor e mais alto preço das ações dos principais índices da bolsa. Por outro lado, a restrição imposta ao movimento interno e o aumento dos gastos com políticas fiscais tiveram um impacto positivo no nível das atividades econômicas, embora o número crescente de casos confirmados de covo coronavírus não tenha afetado significativamente o nível das atividades econômicas. A discussão neste artigo contribui para a literatura sobre crise financeira (e.g., Allen & Carletti, 2010; Mian & Sufi, 2010; Stiglitz, 2010; Jagannathan, Kapoor & Schaumburg, 2013), pois evidencia que fatores não financeiros e/ou não econômicos podem desencadear um colapso financeiro e econômico de maneiras sem precedentes. A implicação para a estabilidade financeira é a de que futuros testes de resistência à resiliência dos mercados internacionais devem levar em consideração os fatores de saúde humana (fatores epidemiológicos) como um elemento importante em seus exercícios de teste de resistência.
Desafios ‘práticos e reflexivos’ para os cursos de graduação em terapia ocupacional em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Borba Patricia Leme de Oliveira , Bassi Bianca Gonçalves de Carrasco , Pereira Beatriz Prado , Vasters Gabriela Pereira , Correia Ricardo Lopes , Barreiro Rafael Garcia
Published: June 2020

A pandemia de COVID-19 tem provocado a adoção de medidas que ocasionam a mudança na rotina e na organização do trabalho das universidades. Os ambientes virtuais vêm se apresentando como vetores para os cursos de graduação durante o enfrentamento da pandemia, sendo necessário produzir reflexões para este novo contexto. A Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa em Terapia Ocupacional – RENETO, Brasil, atenta as questões implicadas com a formação e produção de conhecimento da área, vem buscando junto aos pares maneiras de realizar uma leitura complexa da realidade e, a partir desta, criar e implementar estratégias que deem conta de atender as demandas impostas, respeitando as regionalidades em que os cursos de graduação estão inseridos. Assim, a partir de um levantamento realizado junto às coordenações de cursos de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional, a fim de compreender como os cursos de graduação têm aderido ou não à oferta de ensino por meio de plataformas digitais, o presente trabalho pretende refletir acerca das tomadas de decisões pedagógicas, éticas e políticas no âmbito das diversas atividades acadêmicas, não apenas no contexto do enfrentamento da pandemia, como também nas projeções da nova realidade imposta por esta problemática. Contudo, observa-se ainda um cenário um tanto desarticulado na área, entre instituições significativamente diferentes, públicas e privadas.
Aggregation of Perspectives Using the Constellations Approach to Probabilistic Argumentation
Authors: Hunter Anthony , Noor Kawsar
Published: June 2020

In the constellations approach to probabilistic argumentation, there is a probability distribution over the subgraphs of an argument graph, and this can be used to represent the uncertainty in the structure of the argument graph. In this paper, we consider how we can construct this probability distribution from data. We provide a language for data based on perspectives (opinions) on the structure of the graph, and we introduce a framework (based on general properties and some specific proposals) for aggregating these perspectives, and as a result obtaining a probability distribution that best reflects these perspectives. This can be used in applications such as summarizing collections of online reviews and combining conflicting reports.
Automatic Verification of Liveness Properties in the Situation Calculus
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Yongmei
Published: June 2020

In dynamic systems, liveness properties concern whether something good will eventually happen. Examples of liveness properties are termination of programs and goal achievability. In this paper, we consider the following theorem-proving problem: given an action theory and a goal, check whether the goal is achievable in every model of the action theory. We make the assumption that there are finitely many non-number objects. We propose to use mathematical induction to address this problem: we identify a natural number feature and prove by mathematical induction that for any values of the feature, the goal is achievable. Both the basis and induction steps are verified using first-order theorem provers. We propose a simple method to identify potential features which are the number of objects satisfying a certain formula by generating small models of the action theory and calling a classical planner to achieve the goal. We also propose to regress the goal via different actions and then verify whether the resulting goals are achievable. We implemented the proposed method and experimented with the blocks world domain and a number of other domains from the literature. Experimental results showed that most goals can be verified within a reasonable amount of time.
Graph Representations for Higher-Order Logic and Theorem Proving
Authors: Paliwal Aditya , Loos Sarah , Rabe Markus , Bansal Kshitij , Szegedy Christian
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the first use of graph neural networks (GNNs) for higher-order proof search and demonstrates that GNNs can improve upon state-of-the-art results in this domain. Interactive, higher-order theorem provers allow for the formalization of most mathematical theories and have been shown to pose a significant challenge for deep learning. Higher-order logic is highly expressive and, even though it is well-structured with a clearly defined grammar and semantics, there still remains no well-established method to convert formulas into graph-based representations. In this paper, we consider several graphical representations of higher-order logic and evaluate them against the HOList benchmark for higher-order theorem proving.
InteractE: Improving Convolution-Based Knowledge Graph Embeddings by Increasing Feature Interactions
Authors: Vashishth Shikhar , Sanyal Soumya , Nitin Vikram , Agrawal Nilesh , Talukdar Partha
Published: June 2020

Most existing knowledge graphs suffer from incompleteness, which can be alleviated by inferring missing links based on known facts. One popular way to accomplish this is to generate low-dimensional embeddings of entities and relations, and use these to make inferences. ConvE, a recently proposed approach, applies convolutional filters on 2D reshapings of entity and relation embeddings in order to capture rich interactions between their components. However, the number of interactions that ConvE can capture is limited. In this paper, we analyze how increasing the number of these interactions affects link prediction performance, and utilize our observations to propose InteractE. InteractE is based on three key ideas – feature permutation, a novel feature reshaping, and circular convolution. Through extensive experiments, we find that InteractE outperforms state-of-the-art convolutional link prediction baselines on FB15k-237. Further, InteractE achieves an MRR score that is 9%, 7.5%, and 23% better than ConvE on the FB15k-237, WN18RR and YAGO3-10 datasets respectively. The results validate our central hypothesis – that increasing feature interaction is beneficial to link prediction performance. We make the source code of InteractE available to encourage reproducible research.
Query Answering with Guarded Existential Rules under Stable Model Semantics
Authors: Wan Hai , Xiao Guohui , Wang Chenglin , Liu Xianqiao , Chen Junhong , Wang Zhe
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we study the problem of query answering with guarded existential rules (also called GNTGDs) under stable model semantics. Our goal is to use existing answer set programming (ASP) solvers. However, ASP solvers handle only finitely-ground logic programs while the program translated from GNTGDs by Skolemization is not in general. To address this challenge, we introduce two novel notions of (1) guarded instantiation forest to describe the instantiation of GNTGDs and (2) prime block to characterize the repeated infinitely-ground program translated from GNTGDs. Using these notions, we prove that the ground termination problem for GNTGDs is decidable. We also devise an algorithm for query answering with GNTGDs using ASP solvers. We have implemented our approach in a prototype system. The evaluation over a set of benchmarks shows encouraging results.
Ranking-Based Semantics for Sets of Attacking Arguments
Authors: Yun Bruno , Vesic Srdjan , Croitoru Madalina
Published: June 2020

Argumentation is a process of evaluating and comparing sets of arguments. Ranking-based semantics received a lot of attention recently. All of the semantics introduced so far are applicable to binary attack relations. In this paper, we study a more general case when sets of arguments can jointly attack an argument. We generalise existing postulates for ranking-based semantics to fit this framework, define a general variant of h-categoriser, prove that it converges for every argumentation framework and study the postulates it satisfies. We also study the link between binary and hypergraph version of h-categoriser.
Towards Universal Languages for Tractable Ontology Mediated Query Answering
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Yan , You Jia-Huai , Feng Zhiyong , Jiang Guifei
Published: June 2020

An ontology language for ontology mediated query answering (OMQA-language) is universal for a family of OMQA-languages if it is the most expressive one among this family. In this paper, we focus on three families of tractable OMQA-languages, including first-order rewritable languages and languages whose data complexity of the query answering is in AC0 or PTIME. On the negative side, we prove that there is, in general, no universal language for each of these families of languages. On the positive side, we propose a novel property, the locality, to approximate the first-order rewritability, and show that there exists a language of disjunctive embedded dependencies that is universal for the family of OMQA-languages with locality. All of these results apply to OMQA with query languages such as conjunctive queries, unions of conjunctive queries and acyclic conjunctive queries.
Development and evaluation of stimulus-sensitive microgels for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Qureshi Umbreen Fatima , Rasool Muhammad Fawad , Ranjha Nazar Muhammad , Majeed Abul
Published: June 2020

The novelty of the present work was focused on the synthesis of pH- and temperature-responsive cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (p(MAA-co-AM)) microgels for controlled drug delivery. A series of cross-linked microgels was successfully prepared by inverse-suspension polymerization using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The swelling of the microgels was investigated as a function of pH (2.1 and 7.4) and temperature (20–50°C). The prepared microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis and drug-release behavior analysis. FTIR and thermal studies confirmed the formation of a new cross-linked p(MAA-co-AM) polymer. SEM revealed that the microgels were made of spherical, slightly rough and cross-linked particles. To study the controlled-drug-release behavior of microgels, captopril was successfully loaded as a model drug by using an in situ method. The maximum in vitro drug release was up to 96 and 55% at pH 7.4 and 2.1, respectively. All formulations showed pH-dependent drug release following the Higuchi model of drug-release mechanism. In light of the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that p(MAA-co-AM) microgels have potential applications in release of drugs in a controlled manner with respect to pH and temperature.
Formulation, characterization and statistical optimization of enalapril-loaded lipospheres
Authors: Maheen Safirah , Rasul Akhtar
Published: June 2020

Lipid-based polymers have been proved efficient drug carriers for overcoming the insufficiencies of conventional formulations. Ceresin wax was employed to improve permeability, oral bioavailability and patient compliance by preparing enalapril (EP)-loaded lipospheres with a simple solvent evaporation method. A Box–Behnken design with the proposed polynomial equations and quadratic model was applied to investigate and statistically validate the collective influence of formulation variables on lipospheres. Spherical smooth-surfaced lipospheres with an average size of 55 μm with excellent micromeritic properties were produced. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy findings proved the lack of any possible interaction between formulation components. The zeta potential ranged from −5 to −20 mV, suggesting the significant stability of lipospheres. Responses such as percentage yield (29–68%), entrapment efficiency (21–53%) and drug release (42–93%) were found to be affected greatly by the concentrations of lipids and the surfactant, and the stirring speed. Reduced and sustained EP release from lipospheres may lower treatment cost and enhance hypertensive patients’ compliance.
ÇOCUKLARDA İLEUSUN NADİR NEDENİ TRANSMEZENTERİK İNTERNAL HERNİ; OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: SEKMENLİ Tamer , SEKMENLİ Nevin
Published: June 2020

İleus, barsağın fonksiyonel veya mekanik obstrüksiyonu sonucu ortaya çıkan yaygın bir klinik durumdur. Transmezenterik internal herni mekanik bir ileus nedeni olup, nadir görülür. İnternal herni, abdominal organların karın boşluğu içindeki konjenital veya edinsel bir açıklığa doğru ya da retroperitoneal bir fossaya doğru fıtıklaşması şeklinde meydana gelir. Klinik olarak hafif abdominal kramp ağrısından yaygın karın ağrısına ve ileus bulgularına kadar değişen semptom ve bulgular meydana gelebilir. Radyolojik tetkikler operasyon öncesi doğru tanıya katkı sağlayabilir, ama sıklıkla tanı ameliyat sırasında konulur. Altı yaşında ileus tablosuyla gelen peroperatif internal transmezenterik herni saptanan kız hastanın klinik ve medikal seyrini literatür bilgileri eşliğinde sunmayı amaçladık.
Há vagas: análise do perfil profissional requerido pelo mercado de trabalho para profissionais contábeis da área de custos
Authors: Meurer Alison Martins , Voese Simone Bernardes
Published: June 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil requerido pelo mercado de trabalho para profissionais contábeis da área de custos a partir das diretrizes da International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), sendo analisadas 155 vagas de emprego anunciadas no site Manager Empregos. As redes de coocorrência obtidas pelo coeficiente de Jaccard permitiram delinear o perfil profissional requerido pelo mercado de trabalho. Os achados indicam que possuir conhecimentos multidisciplinares, elaborar relatórios para tomada de decisão, dominar elementos da tecnologia da informação e da língua inglesa estão entre os anseios técnicos identificados. Em relação às professional skills, foi verificado que ter habilidades de comunicação, pensamento crítico e analítico, visão sistêmica, foco, organização e ética são características destacadas pelas organizações que pretendem contratar profissionais de custos. Os resultados implicam a importância de desenvolver, além de competências técnicas, também habilidades sociais com os discentes dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis para que sejam supridas as demandas do mercado de trabalho e para que os estudantes consigam tornar seus currículos atrativos para as organizações e superar barreiras por vezes existentes devido à pouca experiência profissional no mercado de trabalho.
A Survey of Digital Health Interventions for Children with Cancer
Authors: Chai Carmen, Wang Er , Lau Bee Theng , Al Mahmud Abdullah , Tee Mark, Kit Tsun
Published: June 2020

Childhood cancer is the most common cause of death by illness in children globally. Fortunately, the survival rate of this deadly disease can be as high as 80% in high-income countries with cancer treatment. However, cancer treatments can result in large symptom burdens for children and adolescents. This, and many other factors can result in treatment non-adherence in cancer patients, which will strongly affect their survival rate. Therefore, it is important for interventions to be conducted in order to make the cancer experience more bearable. This survey reviews eleven existing game-based digital health interventions including Re-Mission and Ben’s Game, and lists the various aims of these interventions, such as empowerment to fight cancer and symptom management. The game mechanics of these interventions are also identified and the ways these mechanics contribute to the aims of these interventions are analyzed. Finally, limitations of existing interventions are discussed and suggestions for future works are given.
A serious game to improve the verbal resilience against doorstep scams
Authors: Van der Lubbe Laura , Gerritsen Charlotte , Bosse Tibor
Published: June 2020

Doorstep scams, scams in which con artists tell convincing but fraudulent stories in order to enter the house of a victim and/or steal personal belongings or information, have a high impact on victims. These victims are often elderly people. Existing campaigns mostly focus on the behavioural aspects that help to prevent a doorstep scam from happening, but verbal skills also contribute to the resilience of possible victims. In this research, a serious game is designed and evaluated for this purpose. The results of the evaluation are positive. The serious game is specifically seen as a valuable addition to existing training meetings.
Post-cure
Authors: Warren Narelle , Addison Courtney
Published: June 2020

The curative imaginary is a powerful driver of hope and investment in medicine, often displacing attention and resources given to other illness-related fields of practice. Whereas cure implies an end to the sick role and the possibility of an absolute state of health, in practice those fields that are touted as having high curative potential grapple with the ongoing nature and incompleteness of post-cure care. By capturing the public imagination and channelling research and funding in particular directions, the motif of cure risks drawing resources away from other, less seductive forms of treatment, and towards the technological at the expense of the social. Drawing on our research into precision medicine and deep brain stimulation, we track how cure operates as a concept in these fields, and compare this to how medical practitioners actually care for patients. We argue that a critical engagement with post-cure possibilities offers an opportunity to challenge and rethink what constitutes good medical care, as well as the social, political, and economic underpinnings of medical innovation.
The Pair Test - a computerised measure of learning and memory v2
Authors: Buck Sarah
Published: June 2020

The Pair Test offers improved diagnosis, with more precise indication on the nature of the memory deficit and the underlying processing impairment in patients with known or suspected pathology in the temporal lobe. The advantages of the Pair Test are 1) a balanced paradigm allowing comparison between verbal and non-verbal memory, 2) assessment of learning, delayed recall and recognition using one tool, 3) paired-associate learning tool to assess cognitive processes that are dependent on the hippocampal network, and 4) the use of a tablet-based application allowing controlled administration process and engaging approach to neuropsychological testing. The test provides behavioural evidence of the integrity of the hippocampi and its interaction with the neocortical learning system.
Nutritional profile, protein quality, and biological value of raw and roasted cashew kernels (Anacardium occidentale) grown in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olatidoye Olawale Paul , Shittu Taofik Akinyemi , Anwonorin Samuel Olusegun , Akin Ajisegiri Emmanuel Sunday
Published: June 2020

Cashew kernels are one of the most concentrated food products due to their fat and protein content and they are used in puddings and bakery products, hence the determination of their protein quality is an important nutritional factor in dietary protein requirements. Therefore,
the study aimed at evaluating the effect of roasting conditions on the protein quality of cashew kernels at the temperature of 100–160 °C and time (20–60 min), and then analysing for the amino acid profile by GC-FID; protein predicted efficiency ratio (P-PER), essential amino acid
index (EAAI), and the Isoelectric point (pI). About 2.0 kg of dried cashew kernels used were defatted using chloroform/methanol (2:1/v/v) as
the extraction solvent and then analysed using standard methods. The results showed that seventeen amino acids were present in cashew nuts, where glutamic acid (15.27g/100gN); aspartic acid (12.20g/100gN); lysine
(6.09g/100g N), and phenylalanine (5.06g/100g N) were predominant. Eight essential amino acids were present in cashew kernels, the highest value of 7.33g/100g were for lysine (6.09g/100gN); 1.70g/100gN (histidine); 3.42g/100gN (threonine); 3.63g/100gN (valine); 3.57 g/100gN
(isoleucine); 7.33g/100gN (leucine); and 5.06g/100gN (phenylalanine). Roasting reduced the lysine content by 18.4%, phenylalanine by 12.06%, and aspartic acid by 41.4% at 160°C for 60 min, while serine (58.9%); glutamic acid (19.7%); arginine (47.4%), and histidine (115.9%)
were increased, suggesting that cashew nuts contain high quality protein. P-PER results were 2.57 (raw), 171-2.61 (roasted); EAAI is 1.55(raw) and 1.38-1.55 (roasted), BV% is 76.15 (raw) and 67.61-76.89 (roasted); the Isoelectric points were 4.65 (raw) and 3.87- 4.54 (roasted), The Leu/Ileu ratio was 2.12 (raw) and 2.01-2.67 (roasted). It
was concluded that the heat treatment used does not significantly affect the amino acid profile of cashew kernels, thus preserving their nutritional quality.
The effects of cassava variety, fertilizer type and dosage on physical and sensory characteristics of cassava-wheat composite bread
Authors: Rasaq Semiu Abolore , Shittu Taofiq Akinyemi , Fadimu Gbemisola Jamiu , Abass Adebayo , Omoniyi Olajumoke
Published: June 2020

Substitution of wheat flour with high quality cassava flour (HQCF) in bread making is economically important in Nigeria as wheat is mainly imported. Different treatments are applied to cassava used for HQCF production and the effects of such a treatment on cassava-wheat bread quality is scarce in literature. This study was conducted to study the effects of cassava varieties (TME 419, TMS 30572), fertilizer type ((NPK
15-15-15, 20-10-10, 12-12-17) and dosage (150, 300 kg/ha) on physical and sensory characteristics of cassava-wheat composite bread according to General Linear Model (GLM) analysis. According to the results, the independent variables had varying effects on the composite bread quality. While the main effect of fertilizer type was significant for oven spring and crumb moisture content, the interactive effects of fertilizer type and dosage significantly influenced crumb texture and taste. In spite of the significant differences in certain physical and sensory attributes, the overall acceptability of bread samples did not differ significantly. HQCF from cassava variety TMS 30572 showed the best performance in making composite cassava-wheat bread in terms of physical and sensory properties.
Gestión del reporte de valores críticos en pacientes ambulatorios de un laboratorio clínico
Authors: Madrid Osorio Catalina , Hernández Vargas Johana , Villa Melisa , Restrepo Lozada Mary Alejandra
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: el laboratorio clínico ha pasado de desempeñar un papel pasivo centrado en la calidad analítica de sus resultados, a un papel activo y protagónico basado en la toma de decisiones clínicas y la seguridad del paciente. En este estudio se midieron los tiempos de reporte de resultados críticos en pacientes ambulatorios con el fin de determinar la adherencia al protocolo por parte del personal asistencial del Laboratorio Médico Echavarría.MÉTODOS: se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los reportes de resultados críticos emitidos por el Laboratorio Médico Echavarría, entre julio de 2017 y junio de 2018. Para el análisis se tuvo en cuenta una muestra de 269 resultados críticos en pacientes ambulatorios particulares.RESULTADOS: se identificó que 29 (10,7 %) pertenecían a la sección de coagulación, 174 (64,6 %) a la sección de hematología, 65 (24,1 %) a la sección de química y hormonas y 1 (0,3 %) a la sección de inmunología básica. Se encontró un tiempo promedio de reporte de 33,4 minutos en todas las secciones.CONCLUSIONES: cada uno de los laboratorios, debe establecer, controlar y documentar con base en su lista de valores críticos y la población atendida, el tiempo de demora en la comunicación de los resultados críticos; su disminución debe hacer parte de la mejora continua en el sistema de gestión de calidad al que se adhiera.
Implicaciones de los choques de prima de riesgo en una economía pequeña y abierta
Authors: Gil León José Mauricio , Suárez Cante Andrés Felipe
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se pretende identificar el canal de transmisión de los choques de prima de riesgo en las diferentes variables macroeconómicas.  Por tanto, se formula un modelo DSGE para una economía pequeña y abierta, que considera el comportamiento de los hogares, las decisiones de inversión de parte de las empresas, la función de reacción del banco central y la dinámica de las diferentes variables externas, tales como la variación de los activos externos netos del país y el comercio exterior. El modelo se calibra con datos de la economía colombiana del periodo 2005-2017. En los resultados de la simulación se identifica la persistencia del shock de prima de riesgo en las variables endógenas que componen al modelo, y en especial se observan efectos sobresalientes del choque sobre el tipo de cambio, la tasa de interés y la inflación. Se concluye que el tamaño de la elasticidad de la prima de riesgo al endeudamiento externo domina la fuerza con la que inciden los shocks en la economía.
Spatial Dynamic Effects in the Colombian Health System
Authors: Rodriguez-Pineda Leonardo , Sánchez Saldarriaga Andrés Felipe , Cancelado Carretero Helena María
Published: June 2020

We seek to understand if spatial dynamics affect the population in social, economic and health terms. To carry out this study, we propose the following two stages. In the first stage we try to understand the causes of high infant mortality in rural areas in comparison to the urban areas based on literature and the changes made to the Colombian health model. The second stage is a spatial econometric analysis of the variables of interest, where the CEDE database of the Universidad de los Andes is utilized. The findings of this study confirm the importance of the inclusion of spatial effects, which is a sign that the health dynamics of populations are interrelated. This spatial interdependence corroborates the suggestion from literature where proposing policies coordinate the system and consider local and neighboring populations. Also, municipal administrations require the need to consider mechanisms of interlocution whilst working with their peers and allow these factors to be included in the planning of political measures taken that affect health conditions. Finally, we confirm differences between the rural and urban performance.
Consumption of fortified wheat flour and associations with anemia and low serum ferritin in Colombia
Authors: Fothergill Amy , Fonesca Centeno Zulma Y. , Ocampo Téllez Paul Rene , Pachón Helena
Published: June 2020

Background: Colombia’s mandatory wheat flour fortification program has yet to be evaluated. Objective: Examine associations between consumption of fortified wheat flour and low serum ferritin (LSF) and anemia prevalence. Materials and Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2005 national nutrition survey (ENSIN) was completed for 3988 children 2-4 y, 5669 children 5-12 y and 2053 nonpregnant women 13-49 y. The relationship between consumption (quartiles) of wheat flour containing food (WFCF) and LSF and anemia was examined using chi-square analyses and logistic regression models. Results: In adjusted models, controlling for socio-economic status, intake of animal-origin foods, and supplement use in the last 24 hours, a correlation was found between WFCF and anemia in the preschool aged group, when comparing the quartile of highest WFCF consumption with the lowest quartile (OR: 0.7, 95 % CI: 0.6-0.9). The prevalence of LSF was similar across all quartiles of WFCF consumption in all age groups. The highest prevalence of anemia was observed in the lowest WFCF consumption quartiles in all age groups, but was not significantly different in non-pregnant women 13-49 y. No association between WFCF and LSF was observed in adjusted or unadjusted models. Conclusions: In Colombia, consumption of wheat flour containing foods is associated with lower levels of anemia in pre-school aged children.
Disponibilidad de carne vacuna y porcina en países de Suramérica en las últimas seis décadas
Authors: Arboleda-Montoya Luz Marina , Restrepo Betancur Luis Fernando
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes: el conocimiento de la producción y disponibilidad de carne vacuna y porcina en los territorios nacionales es de vital interés en el campo de la nutrición humana, porque la disponibilidad se constituye en un factor primordial en la elección y consumo de este alimento entre la población. Objetivo: efectuar un análisis comparativo relacionado con el suministro de carne vacuna y porcina en países de Suramérica desde 1961 hasta 2019. Materiales y métodos: para el análisis de la información se utilizó el modelo lineal general empleando la técnica multivariada de la varianza con contraste canónico de tipo ortogonal, análisis de clúster y estadística descriptiva exploratoria de tipo unidimensional. Resultados: Argentina presentó diferencia altamente significativa en la disponibilidad de carne vacuna para su población, respecto a los demás países de Suramérica (p<0,0001). Paraguay es el país con mayor disponibilidad de carne de cerdo. El país de menor participación de fuentes cárnicas vacunas y porcinas es Perú. Conclusiones: existe una gran divergencia entre algunos países de Suramérica en la cantidad de suministro cárnico proveniente del vacuno y del cerdo.
Eski Görüntüler, Yeni Görüngüler: Yeşilçam Filmlerinin Üslup Özellikleri İçin Uzak Okuma Denemesi
Authors: ŞAVK Serkan
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada, Yeşilçam filmlerinin, YouTube üzerinden yığınsal biçimde uzaktan erişime açılması olarak tarif edebileceğimiz güncel gelişmeden hareket edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı, Dijital İnsan Bilimleri ve film üslubunun istatistiksel analizi alanlarına ait yöntem ve araçları kullanarak Yeşilçam filmlerinin üslup özelliklerini uzak okuma yaklaşımıyla incelemektir. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı ise 1960’lı ve 70’li yıllar boyunca filmlerin biçim ve üslup özelliklerindeki dönüşümü sinema endüstrisinin tarihsel gelişimiyle ilişkilendirmektir. Böylece, kaynak yığınlarından karmaşık veri setleri üretilmesine dayanan analiz biçiminin Türk sinema tarihi açısından potansiyeli ortaya konulabilmektedir. Araştırmada, bir grup filmin metrik ölçümlemesi yapılmış ve ortaya çıkan veri seti, Yeşilçam’ın biçimsel dönüşümünü anlamak için kullanılmıştır. Makalenin ana araştırma sorusu, ortalama çekim uzunluğuna (OÇU) ve buna bağlı diğer verilere bakarak, 1960’tan 1979’a uzanan süreçte Yeşilçam filmlerinin üslup özelliklerinin açıklanabilir olduğunu göstermektir. Sonuç olarak, incelenen dönemde filmlerin üslup özelliklerinin zaman içerisinde hem dönüşüm hem de süreklilik gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur.
METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF REGIONAL TOURISM SERVICES MARKETS
Authors: Gladkey Oleksandr Vitaliyovych
Published: June 2020

Goal. The purpose of this article consists in analyzation and systematization of the leading methods of scientific investigations of regional tourism services markets.

Method. The methodological basis of the research is the basis of scientific dialectics. The main methods of research are the method of formalization, algorithm development, descriptive, analytical and synthetic.

Results. The systematization of different methods used for scientific investigations of regional tourism services markets is disclosed. The peculiarities of single (based on research of component and territorial structures) and synthetics methods of investigations of regional tourism services markets are explored. The concrete formalized methods of regional tourism services markets economic efficiency estimation are proposed.

Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty consists in systematization of formalized methods and algorithm development of scientific research of regional tourism services markets.

Practical significance. This study is the basis for a large-scale and comprehensive analysis of regional tourism services markets using the proposed formalized investigation methods. The obtained results will be the basis for further scientific investigations of regional tourist services markets via the example of local tourist destinations, tourism regions and territorial-recreational complexes.
PЕRSPECTIVES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE CITIES
Authors: Terletska Oksana Vasylivna , Kushnir Lesya Pavlovna
Published: June 2020

Goal. To reveal the peculiarities of forming the prospects of tourism development
within tourist attractable cities, including in balneological areas.
Results. The perspectives of such territories for such kind of tourist activity are shown,
because they are characterized by the placement within the relatively satisfactory state of
forest landscapes, accessibility for any groups of tourists, developed infrastructure and, at the
same time, the presence of environmental problems that often require urgent solution. Thus, it
is a territory where there are prerequisites for obtaining aesthetic preferences, cognitive bases,
and ecologically oriented knowledge during the implementation of tourist routes.
The scientific novelty consists in the development of theoretical and methodological
and methodological principles of distinguishing tourist regions as objects of research,
revealing their specific features and regularities of functioning.
Practical significance consists in theoretical and methodological substantiation of
mechanisms of formation and implementation of the strategy of tourism development within
cities.
THE TOURISM INDUSTRY SPECIALIST MODEL
Authors: Brovenko Tetyana Victorivna
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study.The existing methodology and definitions of strategically important directions of training of tourism specialists are generalized, taking into account the globalization of industry development and integration, in particular Ukrainian tourist industry, in the European and world-wide.

Methods. The methodology of generalization of scientific sources, practical results of the hotel-restaurant and tourism business faculty of the Kiev National University of Culture and Arts, the Ukrainian Association of Travel Agencies (UATO), tourist operators and travel agents of Ukraine has been used.

Resuits.Problems of the model of a specialist in the tourism industry are scientifically systematized. The competence of a tourism specialist was determined, personal qualities were selected and their criteria were formulated.

Scientific novelty. The theoretical and methodological frameworks for determining the directions of the training of the tourism industry specialist was further developed and improved.

Practical significance. Recommendations and scientific-practical conclusions concerning the improvement of selection and training for tourism business with the potential component - increase of its efficiency and profitability are developed.
Hidrojellerin Tıpta Uygulamaları
Authors: ULUSOY Ayşe , DİKMEN Nurten
Published: June 2020

Hidrojeller “Smart (akıllı)” yapılar olarak tanımlanan ilaç taşınım sistemleri, enjekte edilebilen polimer sistemleri, doku mühendisliği ve hücre enkapsülasyonu gibi tıpta yaygın olarak kullanılan polimerlerdir. Hidrojeller suyu yapılarında tutabilme özellikleri, yumuşak ve esnek yapıda olmaları ile canlı dokulara büyük benzerlik göstermektedirler. Toksisitesi olmayan, biyolojik olarak parçalanan ve biyolojik uyum gösterebilen yapıları sebebiyle hidrojellerin biyomalzeme olarak kullanılması giderek güvenli hale gelmektedir. Aynı zamanda hidrojellerin kontrollü serbest bırakma mekanizması, ilacın salınım hızını düzenleyen geleneksel dozaj yöntemleri karşısında birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede genel olarak yara örtüsünde, yanık, anevrizma tedavilerinde, kemik rejenerasyonunda, kardiyak doku onarım ve rejenerasyonunda, kontrollü ilaç salınımında, kontakt lenslerde, glokom tedavisinde kullanılan ve biyolojik araştırmaları devam etmekte olan hidrojellerden bahsedilmektedir.
Cross-Correlation Analysis of Long-Term Ambient Seismic-Noise Recordings in the Caribbean Netherlands to Monitor the Volcanoes on Saba and St. Eustatius
Authors: Sleeman Reinoud , de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen Elske
Published: June 2020

The continuous recordings of broadband seismometers on Saba and St. Eustatius in the Lesser Antilles provide a unique and long data set to measure temporal seismic velocity variations (dv/v) at two active but quiescent volcanoes (Mt. Scenery and The Quill). We compare results from single-station cross-component (SC) correlations with cross-station cross-component (CC) correlations and achieve the best similarities within the frequency band 1.3–2.1 Hz, with average correlations of 0.82 for Saba and 0.36 for St. Eustatius, justifying the use of SC as proxy for CC at these frequencies. Temporal dv/v variations derived from 13 yr of data show different characteristics at both islands. At St. Eustatius dv/v highly correlates (0.72) with air temperature and can be modeled by a simple sine wave with a period of 1 yr. Remaining residuals reveal cohurricane dv/v drops, thus at times of the passage of a hurricane. At Saba, subsurface velocity variations show temporal coseismic changes, up to −0.49% compared with −0.19% at St. Eustatius, and thus show a higher sensitivity to ground shaking. Our data set, although limited, shows a linear relation (correlation 0.78) between the coseismic dv/v drop and peak ground velocity at Saba around 1.3 Hz. We model the associated seismic velocity recovery with an exponential decay function and we estimate the recovery time at 2 yr. After subtracting the coseismic drop and recovery model, dv/v at Saba obtained from CC data correlates with the sine model (correlation 0.71). SC may be an appealing alternative for CC for monitoring purposes; however, the use of a small network is preferred to reduce the variance in dv/v (at St. Eustatius from 0.12% to 0.05%) and to detect dv/v variations unrelated to volcanic activity (e.g., hurricane). We continue work on the implementation of CC in the daily monitoring for Mt. Scenery and The Quill.
Diyarbakır ve Mardin İllerinde Monosteira lobulifera Reuter ve Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey) (Hemiptera: Tingidae)’nın Badem, Kavak ve Söğüt Ağaçları Üzerindeki Ergin Popülasyon Gelişimi
Authors: MARAL Hasan , ULUSOY M. Rifat , BOLU Halil
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma ile 2009-2011 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ve Mardin illerinde badem ağaçlarında önemli zararlara yol açan Monosteira lobulifera Reuter (Hemiptera: Tingidae) ile kavak ve söğüt ağaçlarında önemli zararlara yol açan M. unicostata (Mulsant & Rey)’nın (Hemiptera: Tingidae) ergin popülasyon gelişimi belirlenmiştir. Popülasyon gelişiminin takibi için gözle kontrol ve darbe yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, M. lobulifera’nın badem ağaçları üzerindeki ergin popülasyon yoğunluğu Çermik (Diyarbakır) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 31 Temmuz (131 ergin), 2011 yılında 13 Ağustos (130 ergin); Artuklu (Mardin) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 22 Ağustos (579 ergin), 2011 yılında 17 Eylül (498 ergin); Yeşilli (Mardin) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 15 Ağustos (550 ergin) ve 2011 yılında 21 Ağustos (556 ergin) tarihinde tepe noktasına ulaşmıştır. Monosteira unicostata’nın kavak üzerindeki ergin popülasyon yoğunluğu Mazıdağı (Mardin) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 4 Eylül (360 ergin), 2011 yılında 5 Eylül (400 ergin); Artuklu (Mardin) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 4 Eylül (161 ergin) ve 2011 yılında 5 Eylül (158 ergin) tarihinde tepe noktasına ulaşmıştır. M. unicostata’nın söğüt ağaçlarındaki ergin popülasyon yoğunluğu Mazıdağı (Mardin) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 4 Eylül (326 ergin), 2011 yılında 17 Eylül (450 ergin); Artuklu (Mardin) ilçesinde 2010 yılında 4 Eylül (106 ergin) ve 2011 yılında 17 Eylül (98 ergin) tarihinde tepe noktasına ulaşmıştır.
A study of serum homocysteine and serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with retinal vein occlusion and its correlation
Authors: Amrit Lune Abhay , Navneet Toshniwal Nikhil , R Paranjpe Radhika , Kulkarni Neha , Dhore Nilay
Published: June 2020

To find out the association of serum homocysteine levels and serum vitamin B-12 levels in patients with retinal vein occlusion.

Patients of all age group and any sex who are coming in vitreoretinal OPD of department of ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra were studied. 50 cases of RVO and same number of age and sex matched controls were taken into consideration. All patients were underwent for assay of serum homocysteine by ECLIA method and serum Vitamin B12 by CMIA method.

The highest number of cases were of BRVO (60%) followed by CRVO (30%) and only one case of TVO (2%) was noted. The average level of homocysteine in RVO and control group is found to be 23.80 and 12.43 whereas the standard deviation of homocysteine level in RVO group is 13.28 and control group is 10.58. Therefore levels of homocysteine are significantly higher in RVO group in comparison with control group. Vitamin B-12 level was 455.86 in control group and 325.8 in RVO group. The P value suggests that, Vitamin B12 was significantly lower in case group compared to controls. Vitamin B-12 levels were significantly lower in cases with a higher Homocysteine level.

Hype-rhomocysteinemia and hypovitaminosis B12 is significantly present in cases of retinal vein occlusion irrespective of types and underlying systemic diseases.
A study of the prevalence of age related macular degeneration and its risk factors
Authors: Goud Rakesh , Mantri Priyanka , K Radhakrishnan O , Aggarwal Manvi , Patil Mayur
Published: June 2020

Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in individuals more than 50 years of age. Aim of this study was to know the prevalence and various socio demographic risk factors associated with ARMD.

We studied 300 patients attending Ophthalmology OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra. Risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), and family history of ARMD were studied. Diagnosis of ARMD was confirmed on Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) and Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT).

Out of 300 patients studied, 24 (8.0%) had ARMD. Increasing age was found to be a significant risk factor for ARMD. In our study, we found that there were 83.3% females as compared to 16.7% males. There was no statistically significant association found between Body Mass Index and ARMD in our study. Among patients with ARMD, 4 (16.7%) were smokers and 20 (83.3%) were non-smokers and this was not found to be statistically significant. Family history was found to be a significant risk factor for development of ARMD.

Increasing age, female sex and family history of ARMD were significant risk factors associated with development of ARMD.
To study the correlation between the pressure-to-cornea index and both structural and functional measures of glaucoma
Authors: Sethia Rajni , Shah Shail , N Kothari R , Patel Aakash , Kharas Hushedar
Published: June 2020

Pressure to cornea index was proposed in order to integrate intraocular pressure and central cornea thickness as a single risk factor for glaucoma. PCI could better reflect the individual susceptibility to glaucomatous damage than either IOP or CCT by itself.

Aim of this study wasto find correlation between the pressure-to-cornea index with structural and functional measures of glaucoma.

In this cross sectional study, PCI was calculated for 100 eyes of 53 patients (ocular hypertension, primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma and controls). Cup to disc ratio, mean deviation(MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) as recorded by Humphrey automated perimetry (SITA 24-2) were correlated with PCI.

The difference in the value of PCI among different groups was statistically significant (p=0.000). There was positive correlation between PCI and C/D (p=0.000); negative correlation between PCI and MD (p=0.000); and positive correlation between PCI and PSD(p=0.106).

We conclude that PCI can be used as a unified risk factor. Also we have found statistical correlation between structural and functional measures of glaucoma to pressure to cornea index (PCI). Hence, we conclude that it can be used for evaluating glaucoma severity as well.