bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Year Change in the Physical Functioning of Older People According to the International Classification of Functioning Domains
Authors: Kahraman Turhan , Çekok Fatma Kübra , Üğüt Birön Onur , Keskinoğlu Pembe , Genç Arzu
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:

It is important to determine physical functioning declines in older people according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, given its advantages. This study was performed to investigate 1-year changes in the physical functioning of older people using the ICF framework.

Methods:

Eighty older people were enrolled and completed baseline measures in this longitudinal, single-group study while 33 of these participants were reassessed at 1 year. Reliable and valid methods commonly used in geriatric rehabilitation settings for determining physical functioning were applied to evaluate ICF domains including Body Functions, Activities (capacity), and Activities and Participation (performance). Body Functions were assessed by measuring lower extremity muscle strength and exercise tolerance test performance. The Activities (capacity) measures included walking, balance, mobility, sit-to-stand, and upper extremity functional performance. The Activities and Participation (performance) domain included the Falls Efficacy Scale-International, Modified Barthel Index, and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity scale.

Results:

There were significant decreases in muscle strength in both hip abductors and knee extensors (P < .001, d > 0.80) at 1 year versus baseline, but there were no significant changes in exercise tolerance test parameters (P > .05, d = 0.44-0.71), with the exception of diastolic blood pressure (P = .019, d = 0.90). Significant deterioration was observed in all Activities (capacity) measures (P < .05, d > 0.80). No significant changes were observed in the Falls Efficacy Scale—International (P = .051, d = 0.72), Modified Barthel Index (P = .107, d = 0.59), or Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity-Flexibility and Strength subscale (P = .763, d = 0.11).

Conclusions:

Significant declines were seen in lower extremity muscle strength, walking capacity, speed, mobility, sit-to-stand performance, upper extremity function, and balance performance at 1 year. On the contrary, no significant changes were observed in the levels of participation in activities of daily living, activities related to balance, or physical activity. According to the ICF framework, during 1 year, our sample of older people showed declines in the Body Functions and Activities (capacity) domains, but the Activities and Participation (performance) domain remained stable.
Physical Activity of Older Women Living in Retirement Communities: Capturing the Whole Picture Through an Ecological Approach
Authors: Bjornsdottir Gudfinna , Arnadottir Solveig A. , Halldorsdottir Sigridur
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:

Interventions to increase physical activity among older populations may prevent or delay disability in activities of daily living and premature death. In our research, we focused on older women living independently in retirement communities, who commonly experience declining health. The purpose was to identify factors influencing physical activity in older women and to create a practical checklist to guide physical therapists in physical activity interventions within retirement communities.

Methods:

The study was qualitative and guided by the Vancouver School of Doing Phenomenology. The data set comprised 12 in-depth interviews with 10 women, as 2 of the women were interviewed twice to deepen the understanding of their experience. They were aged 72 to 97 years (median = 84 years, interquartile range = 11 years) and lived in 7 different apartment buildings in the same urban area. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify factors influencing the physical activity behavior of the women. We then linked these factors to the Bronfenbrenner's ecological model and finally constructed a checklist for mapping the influencing factors.

Results:

The physical activity experience of the older women reflected both facilitating and hindering factors from all layers of the ecological model. The largest part of the women's description was constructed around personal factors and the immediate physical and social environment. Yet, important influencing factors were expressed reflecting community, society, and the lifespan. Finally, the practical checklist created to guide physical activity interventions included 40 questions reflecting 24 influencing factors covering important layers of the ecological model.

Conclusion:

To deal with the epidemic of a sedentary lifestyle in older populations, physical therapists must join forces with health authorities and work with the complexities of physical activity promotion at appropriate levels. Our results and the checklist are a potential resource to aid in identifying physical activity influencing factors that are appropriate for physical therapy intervention, within retirement communities. Moreover, this checklist may be used to recognize factors that are more suitable for public health interventions at the community or national levels.
Factors Underlying Bench Press Performance in Elite Competitive Powerlifters
Authors: Reya Matija , Škarabot Jakob , Cvetičanin Branko , Šarabon Nejc
Published: March 2019

Reya, M, Škarabot, J, Cvetičanin, B, and Šarabon, N. Factors underlying bench press performance in elite competitive powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2179–2186, 2021—Previous investigations of 1 repetition maximum bench press (1RM BP) performance have been either descriptive or have explored a limited number of contributing variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interplay between structural, technical, and neuromuscular factors in relation to 1RM BP in competitive powerlifters. Thirteen national and international level male powerlifters (26 ± 9 years, 178 ± 6 cm, and 93.8 ± 9.9 kg) visited the laboratory twice. Anthropometric and ultrasound measures were taken on the first visit, whereas performance measures (voluntary activation level, isokinetic strength, and kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic measurements during 1RM BP) were recorded on the second visit. Correlation and multiple regression were used to investigate the contribution of structural, technical, and neuromuscular variables to 1RM BP corrected for body mass using the Wilks coefficient. The highest degree of association was shown for structural (lean and bone mass, brachial index, arm circumference, and agonist cross-sectional area [CSA]; r = 0.58–0.74) followed by neuromuscular factors (elbow and shoulder flexion strength; r = 0.57–0.71), whereas technical factors did not correlate with 1RM BP performance (r ≤ 0.49). The multiple regression showed that lean body mass, brachial index, and isometric shoulder flexion torque predicted 59% of the common variance in 1RM BP. These data suggest that in a sample of elite competitive powerlifters, multiple factors contribute to 1RM BP with variables such as lean body mass, the agonist CSA, brachial index, and strength of the elbow and shoulder flexors being the greatest predictors of performance.
Influence of Different Small-Sided Game Formats on Physical and Physiological Demands and Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Rodríguez-Fernández Alejandro , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Sanchez-Sanchez Javier , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Yanci Javier , Zubillaga Asier , Raya-González Javier
Published: March 2019

Castillo, D, Rodríguez-Fernández, A, Nakamura, FY, Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Yanci, J, Zubillaga, A, and Raya-González, J. Influence of different small-sided game formats on physical and physiological demands and physical performance in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2287–2293, 2021—The aim of this study was to quantify the acute impact of bout duration and individual interaction space on physical and physiological demands and on physical performance. Ten young male soccer players (age: 14.8 ± 0.6 years) from the same team playing in the National U-16 Division participated. Physical (total distance [TD]; distance covered at different speeds; and maximum velocity [Velmax]) and physiological (peak [HRpeak] and mean [HRmean] heart rate) parameters were collected for every bout during each small-sided game (SSG) format. Moreover, the effects of SSGs on horizontal jump (HJ) and 30-m sprint performances were evaluated. The SSG formats were composed of 6 players a side (including goalkeepers) and included 4 repetitions of 6 minutes in a space of 100 m2 (SSG1) or 200 m2 (SSG2) and 6 repetitions of 4 minutes in 100 m2 (SSG3) or 200 m2 (SSG4). The TD, the distance covered at different speeds, and Velmax were greater (p < 0.01, effect size [ES] = 1.25–5.95, large) in SSG2 and SSG4 than SSG1 and SSG3, respectively. Furthermore, the HRmean and HRpeak were lower (p < 0.05, ES = 1.53–2.23, large) during SSG3 than other SSGs. In addition, while a significant (p < 0.05, ES = 0.70–2.04, moderate to large) increase in SPR30 time in SSG1 and SSG3 was observed, HJ performance was not affected (p > 0.05, ES = 0.03–0.54, trivial to moderate) by any SSG format. These findings suggest increasing pitch size to induce greater physical demands and to use SSGs with smaller pitch size, and independently of the bout duration, to induce neuromuscular fatigue.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Fluid’s Physicochemical Characteristics on Piping Erosion of a Sandy Soil under Turbulent Flow
Authors: Ma Yuetan , Xiao Ming , Kermani Behnoud
Published: March 2019

This article presents an experimental study of the relative and interactive effects of three physicochemical characteristics of permeating fluids (viscosity, pH, and ionic strength) on piping erosion of a sandy soil under turbulent flow. Full-factorial experimental design was used to produce eight types of fluids of various combinations of the three fluid characteristics. Hole erosion tests were conducted on identically prepared sandy specimens. The erosion rate index was used to evaluate the effects of fluid properties on piping. The erosion rate index was quantified for two repeat trials for each of the eight test fluids. Regression analysis was conducted on the results to generate a statistical model to describe the relative effects of the three factors and their interactions. The main findings include the following: (1) Viscosity, pH, and ionic strength were all determined to be significant factors on the rate of erosion. The two-way interactions between viscosity and pH and between viscosity and ionic strength were also determined to be significant interaction factors, while the interaction between pH and ionic strength did not prove to be statistically significant. (2) Higher pH of the test fluid causes higher erosive capacity; higher ionic strength causes lower erosive capacity of fluid. (3) At low viscosity, ionic strength does not affect the erosion, but when the viscosity is higher (or the fluid temperature is colder), higher ionic strength causes much less erosion. There is almost no interactive effect between pH and ionic strength.
Semaphorin4D Induces Inhibitory Synapse Formation by Rapid Stabilization of Presynaptic Boutons via MET Coactivation
Authors: Frias Cátia P. , Liang Jian , Bresser Tom , Scheefhals Lisa , van Kesteren Matthijs , van Dorland René , Hu Hai Yin , Bodzeta Anna , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M.P. , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Wierenga Corette J.
Published: March 2019

Changes in inhibitory connections are essential for experience-dependent circuit adaptations. Defects in inhibitory synapses are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, but the molecular processes underlying inhibitory synapse formation are not well understood. Here we use high-resolution two-photon microscopy in organotypic hippocampal slices from GAD65-GFP mice of both sexes to examine the signaling pathways induced by the postsynaptic signaling molecule Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) during inhibitory synapse formation. By monitoring changes in individual GFP-labeled presynaptic boutons, we found that the primary action of Sema4D is to induce stabilization of presynaptic boutons within tens of minutes. Stabilized boutons rapidly recruited synaptic vesicles, followed by accumulation of postsynaptic gephyrin and were functional after 24 h, as determined by electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry. Inhibitory boutons are only sensitive to Sema4D at a specific stage during synapse formation and sensitivity to Sema4D is regulated by network activity. We further examined the intracellular signaling cascade triggered by Sema4D and found that bouton stabilization occurs through rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. This could be mimicked by the actin-depolymerizing drug latrunculin B or by reducing ROCK activity. We discovered that the intracellular signaling cascade requires activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, which is a well known autism risk factor. By using a viral approach to reduce MET levels specifically in inhibitory neurons, we found that their axons are no longer sensitive to Sema4D signaling. Together, our data yield important insights into the molecular pathway underlying activity-dependent Sema4D-induced synapse formation and reveal a novel role for presynaptic MET at inhibitory synapses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGABAergic synapses provide the main inhibitory control of neuronal activity in the brain. We wanted to unravel the sequence of molecular events that take place when formation of inhibitory synapses is triggered by a specific signaling molecule, Sema4D. We find that this signaling pathway depends on network activity and involves specific remodeling of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. We also reveal a previously unknown role for MET at inhibitory synapses. Our study provides novel insights into the dynamic process of inhibitory synapse formation. As defects in GABAergic synapses have been implied in many brain disorders, and mutations in MET are strong risk factors for autism, our findings urge for a further investigation of the role of MET at inhibitory synapses.
The MAP1B Binding Domain of Nav1.6 Is Required for Stable Expression at the Axon Initial Segment
Authors: Solé Laura , Wagnon Jacy L. , Akin Elizabeth J. , Meisler Miriam H. , Tamkun Michael M.
Published: March 2019

Nav1.6 (SCN8A) is a major voltage-gated sodium channel in the mammalian CNS, and is highly concentrated at the axon initial segment (AIS). As previously demonstrated, the microtubule associated protein MAP1B binds the cytoplasmic N terminus of Nav1.6, and this interaction is disrupted by the mutation p.VAVP(77–80)AAAA. We now demonstrate that this mutation results in WT expression levels on the somatic surface but reduced surface expression at the AIS of cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurons from both sexes. The mutation of the MAP1B binding domain did not impair vesicular trafficking and preferential delivery of Nav1.6 to the AIS; nor was the diffusion of AIS inserted channels altered relative to WT. However, the reduced AIS surface expression of the MAP1B mutant was restored to WT levels by inhibiting endocytosis with Dynasore, indicating that compartment-specific endocytosis was responsible for the lack of AIS accumulation. Interestingly, the lack of AIS targeting resulted in an elevated percentage of persistent current, suggesting that this late current originates predominantly in the soma. No differences in the voltage dependence of activation or inactivation were detected in the MAP1B binding mutant relative to WT channel. We hypothesize that MAP1B binding to the WT Nav1.6 masks an endocytic motif, thus allowing long-term stability on the AIS surface. This work identifies a critical and important new role for MAP1B in the regulation of neuronal excitability and adds to our understanding of AIS maintenance and plasticity, in addition to identifying new target residues for pathogenic mutations ofSCN8A.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNav1.6 is a major voltage-gated sodium channel in human brain, where it regulates neuronal activity due to its localization at the axon initial segment (AIS). Nav1.6 mutations cause epilepsy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. In the present work, we show that loss of interaction with MAP1B within the Nav1.6 N terminus reduces the steady-state abundance of Nav1.6 at the AIS. The effect is due to increased Nav1.6 endocytosis at this neuronal compartment rather than a failure of forward trafficking to the AIS. This work confirms a new biological role of MAP1B in the regulation of sodium channel localization and will contribute to future analysis of patient mutations in the cytoplasmic N terminus of Nav1.6.
Pitfall Traps & Diversity Indices: Using Quantitative Reasoning to Test Edge Effect Theory
Authors: Prinster Andrew J. , Hoskins Josephina L. , Strode Paul K.
Published: March 2019

Students learning the skills of science benefit from opportunities to move between the scientific problems and questions they confront and the mathematical tools available to answer the questions and solve the problems. Indeed, students learn science best when they are actively engaged in pursuing answers to authentic and relevant questions. We present an activity teachers can use in the classroom to introduce the concepts of species richness and diversity. We break down the history and logic behind the two primary statistical tools ecologists use to quantify species diversity: Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices. With hypothetical data, we show how students can learn about and practice the calculations. We then describe an activity where students collect authentic ecological data with pitfall traps while learning some arthropod systematics and practicing their newly acquired quantitative reasoning skills, all within the context of edge effect ecology and habitat conservation. The entire activity reinforces for students how interesting and helpful mathematical models and quantitative reasoning in science can be for understanding biological phenomena, but also for generating more questions, and for designing additional data-collection techniques and experiments.
Entomological Research in the Classroom: The Dispersal of Biological Control Agents
Authors: Goode Ashley B. C. , Halbritter Dale
Published: March 2019

Biological experiments involving animals in K–12 classrooms can be time consuming or logistically difficult. Insects are small and easy to obtain, making them suitable for classroom use. We provide an experiment using insects that will teach students how to use the scientific method to formulate and test a hypothesis. The experiment is based on a case study involving an insect used as a biological control agent that targets an invasive weed, and the rigor of the experiment can easily be tailored to different grade levels. Using ~1 m2 arenas set up in the classroom, students measure insect jumping or walking distances as a proxy for dispersal capabilities in the field, and more advanced classes can investigate variables that affect jumping or walking distance and direction.
Investigating Commensal Relationships of Nematodes in Millipedes: Life in Unexpected Places
Authors: Phillips Gary , Yates David I. , Shelley Rowland M. , Ortstadt Paul R. , Bernard Ernest C.
Published: March 2019

Commensalism is the association of two organisms, one of which derives benefit while the other is unaffected. These relationships are common in nature and in unexpected environments. A good example of commensalism is the survival of nematodes in the intestine of millipedes. The diversity of life capable of living in such an environment is remarkable, sometimes with as many as eight species of nematodes living in the same region of the intestine. The primary goal of this work is to inspire students to gain the requisite skills to discover new life in host organisms that are readily available, accessible, and, in most cases, inexpensive or free. We have created a laboratory protocol to study the diversity of nematode life living inside the millipede intestine. This exercise is designed to teach students to test hypotheses, use taxonomic keys, dissect a millipede, recover nematodes, record data, and formulate a written conclusion. There is a high likelihood that students will discover new species of nematodes during this exercise. The suggested experimental design will catalyze students to investigate the potential of discovering new life in a backyard organism, and simultaneously ignite curiosity and promote a hands-on approach to the application of the scientific method.
The avian chorioallantoic membrane as an alternative tool to study medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy Nassim , Passegger Christina Angelika , Nebel Laura , Krismer Fabian , Herzer-Schneidhofer Gudrun , Schwach Gert , Pfragner Roswitha
Published: March 2019

Preclinical trials of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) therapeutics require both in vitro and in vivo analyses. Human tumour xenografted rodent models, which are considered the ‘gold standard’ to study and validate the efficacy and toxicity of lead compounds before translation to clinical trials, are very expensive, subject to organismal variability and ethical controversies. The avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay provides an alternative versatile, cost-effective and ethically less objectionable short-term, in vivo model for reliable screening of drugs. In this work, we grafted two MTC cell lines and patient-derived MTC tumour samples onto the avian CAM and characterised the resulted tumours histologically and immunohistochemically. Our findings provide the evidence that the CAM assay is a suitable model for studying the pathophysiology of MTC and can even be used as in vivo system for drug testing.
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): a review for clinicians
Authors: Rosario Pedro Weslley , Mourão Gabriela Franco
Published: March 2019

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is an encapsulated or clearly delimited, noninvasive neoplasm with a follicular growth pattern and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It is considered a ‘pre-malignant’ lesion of the RAS-like group. Ultrasonography (US), cytology and molecular tests are useful to suspect thyroid nodules that correspond to NIFTP but there is wide overlap of the results with the encapsulated follicular variant of PTC (E-FVPTC). In these nodules that possibly or likely correspond to NIFTP, if surgery is indicated, lobectomy is favored over total thyroidectomy. The diagnosis of NIFTP is made after complete resection of the lesion by observing well-defined criteria. In the case of patients who received the diagnosis of FVPTC and whose pathology report does not show findings of malignancy (lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal invasion, vascular/capsular invasion), if the tumor was encapsulated or well delimited, the slides can be revised by an experienced pathologist to determine whether the diagnostic criteria of NIFTP are met, but special attention must be paid to the adequate representativeness of the capsule and tumor. Since NIFTP is not ‘malignant’, tumor staging is not necessary and patients are not submitted to thyroid cancer protocols or guidelines. We believe that patients with NIFTP without associated malignancy and without nodules detected by US of the remnant lobe (if submitted to lobectomy) can be managed like those with follicular adenoma.
BAG1L: a promising therapeutic target for androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Irene I , Kuznik Nane C , Rottenberg Jaice T , Brown Myles , Cato Andrew C B
Published: March 2019

Androgens are important determinants of normal and malignant prostate growth. They function by binding to the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the androgen receptor (AR). All clinically approved AR-targeting antiandrogens for prostate cancer therapy function by competing with endogenous androgens. Despite initial robust responses to androgen deprivation therapy, nearly all patients with advanced prostate cancer relapse with lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Progression to CRPC is associated with ongoing AR signaling, which in part, is due to the expression of constitutively active AR splice variants that contain the N-terminus of the receptor but lack the C-terminus. Currently, there are no approved therapies specifically targeting the AR N-terminus. Current pharmacologic targeting strategies for inhibiting the AR N-terminal region have proven difficult, due to its intrinsically unstructured nature and lack of enzymatic activity. An alternative approach is to target key molecules such as the cochaperone BAG1L that bind to and enhance the activity of the AR AF1. Here, we review recent literature that suggest Bag-1L is a promising target for AR-positive prostate cancer.
Mapping Gene Markers for Apple Fruit Ring Rot Disease Resistance Using a Multi-omics Approach
Authors: Shen Fei , Huang Zhenyu , Zhang Baoguo , Wang Yi , Zhang Xi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai
Published: March 2019

Apple fruit ring rot (FRR), caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a worldwide disease that impacts Asian apple production regions. However, no substantial progress has thus far been made toward the mapping of candidate genes or the development of effective genetic makers. In this five-year study, the resistance of 1,733 F1 hybrids from the cross ‘Jonathan’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ was phenotyped by non-wounding inoculation with four B. dothidea isolates. We first conducted systematic comparison of different analytic strategies for bulk segregant analysis by re-sequencing (BSA-Seq) and obtained suitable one for outbreeding species such as Malus. Forty-six quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance/susceptibility to the four isolates, including one QTL ‘hotspot’ on chromosome 14, were identified via BSA-Seq. Using integrated multi-omics strategies including RNA-sequencing, parental re-sequencing, BSA-Seq and meta-analysis of RNA-sequencing, fifty-seven candidate genes and corresponding functional mutations from the QTL were predicted. Functional mutations located on the candidate genes were validated using kompetitive allele-specific PCR in hybrids and Malus germplasm accessions with extremely resistant/susceptible phenotypes. Ten effective markers for apple ring rot were developed. The results provide an example of rapid candidate gene mapping for complex traits in outbreeding species.
Repression of Germline Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans Somatic Tissues by H3K9 Dimethylation of Their Promoters
Authors: Rechtsteiner Andreas , Costello Meghan E , Egelhofer Thea A , Garrigues Jacob M , Strome Susan , Petrella Lisa N
Published: March 2019

Repression of germline-promoting genes in somatic cells is critical for somatic development and function. To study how germline genes are repressed in somatic tissues, we analyzed key histone modifications in three Caenorhabditis elegans synMuv B mutants, lin-15B, lin-35, and lin-37—all of which display ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. LIN-35 and LIN-37 are members of the conserved DREAM complex. LIN-15B has been proposed to work with the DREAM complex but has not been shown biochemically to be a member of the complex. We found that, in wild-type worms, synMuv B target genes and germline genes are enriched for the repressive histone modification dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at their promoters. Genes with H3K9me2 promoter localization are evenly distributed across the autosomes, not biased toward autosomal arms, as are the broad H3K9me2 domains. Both synMuv B targets and germline genes display a dramatic reduction of H3K9me2 promoter localization in lin-15B mutants, but much weaker reduction in lin-35 and lin-37 mutants. This difference between lin-15B and DREAM complex mutants likely represents a difference in molecular function for these synMuv B proteins. In support of the pivotal role of H3K9me2 in regulation of germline genes by LIN-15B, global loss of H3K9me2 but not H3K9me3 results in phenotypes similar to synMuv B mutants, high-temperature larval arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. We propose that LIN-15B-driven enrichment of H3K9me2 at promoters of germline genes contributes to repression of those genes in somatic tissues.
Effects of Four Anesthetics, Clove Extract, Thyme Extract, Lidocaine, and Sodium Bicarbonate on the Blood Parameters and Cortisol Amount in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)
Authors: Bahrekazemi Masoumeh
Published: March 2019

The anesthetic effects of two chemical compounds, lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate, and two natural compounds, clove and thyme extracts, were examined on the Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood cortisol levels of Grass carp at two times of 10 minutes and 24 hours after anesthesia. RBC counts had no significant increase in the samples of 10 min and 24 h after induction of anesthesia with clove extract only compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The number of WBC increased significantly in the samples from 10 min and 24 h after anesthesia with sodium bicarbonate only and it was not different from control samples in other treatments 24 h after anesthesia. The amount of hemoglobin indicated an increase with all treatments compared to the control in 10 min after anesthesia. The increases were not significant in thyme and clove extract (P > 0.05). Samples treated at 24h after anesthesia exhibited non statistical hemoglobin elevations with thyme extract only. Hematocrit increased significantly in the samples from 10 min after anesthesia with lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate but, at 24h after anesthesia, hematocrit amount with thyme and clove extracts and lidocaine treatments were not different from the control significantly (P > 0.05). Also, Cortisol level was significantly higher in both sampling times for lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate treatments than the control group. Accordingly, the use of natural anesthetics (thyme and clove extracts) will result in better outcomes than the synthetic compounds (sodium bicarbonate and lidocaine) in the Grass carp.
Identificación de biomarcadores saturados en un carbón bituminoso tratado con ácido y un solvente no convencional
Authors: Gamboa Adriana Carolina , Martínez Santana Manuel , Garbán González Grony José , Escobar Navarro Marcos Eligio , Esteves Salazar Ivan Horacio , Lorenzo García Erica
Published: March 2019

Este artículo describe los biomarcadores saturados identificados en los extractos obtenidos de un carbón bituminoso, tratado con ácido y un solvente no convencional. Los extractos de carbones bituminosos venezolanos se obtuvieron haciendo uso de cloroformo (solvente convencional) y N,N-Dimetilformamida -N,N-DMF- como solvente de alto poder extractivo, con y sin  tratamiento ácido previo, a fin de evaluar el rendimiento y distribución de biomarcadores característicos. El rendimiento de extracción con N,N-DMF alcanzó 44 % p/p; con CHCl3 este valor no superó el 2% p/p. La desmineralización previa con HCl incrementa el rendimiento de extracción sin afectar la distribución de los biomarcadores, salvo en la relación de hidrocarburos livianos respecto a pesados. Se propone N,N-DMF como solvente de elección para obtener información geoquímica en carbones meteorizados.
Estudio de la dosificación del almidón extraído del banano en un polímero de tipo termoplástico
Authors: Amaya Pinos Jorge Braulio
Published: March 2019

En la presente investigación se realizó el estudio del comportamiento del almidón extraído de los residuos del banano dosificado en una matriz polimérica termoestable como es el Policaprolactona (PCL), con el objetivo de determinar cuáles son los mejores parámetros para extracción del almidón y la formulación adecuada para la dosificación. Para el cumplimiento de este objetivo se extrajo el almidón de los residuos de la cascara del banano y a éste polisacárido, modificarlo mediante la acetilación. Posteriormente se comparó los dos tipos de almidones (almidón sin modificar y modificado) mediante la espectroscopia infrarroja (IR), donde se observó que el espectro del almidón sin modificar en comparación con el almidón modificado existe una disminución en las bandas correspondiente a las vibraciones por estiramiento y por flexión de los grupos hidroxilo (O-H) entre 3000 y 3700 cm-1, lo que significa que se ha realizado la acetilación. Este almidón analizado se dosificó en una cantidad del 10% con policaprolactona analizando la temperatura de transición vítrea siendo el valor mayor de 33°C en la dosificación con el almidón modificado, temperatura de fusión resultando un valor de 66,4 °C en la dosificación con almidón modificado y además el grado de reticulación de las dos dosificaciones, siendo el más representativo la matriz polimérica con almidón sin modificar con un valor cercano al 12%; indicándonos que ésta dosificación es la mas adecuada.
O CONSENTIMENTO INFORMADO E A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO MÉDICO
Authors: Silva Milton Rodrigues da , Petry Alexandre Torres
Published: March 2019

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar se a ausência do deverde informar imposto ao médico antes de realizar qualquer tratamento ou procedimento em um paciente, que é condição indispensável do consentimento informado, pode levar a responsabilidade civil do profissional da saúde. Primeiramente será abordada a evolução histórica da relação médico-paciente, que se transformou de uma relação predominantemente paternalista para uma relação contratualista. Na sequência será abordada a definição do princípio da autonomia da vontade e sua importância no fortalecimento da relação entre o médico e seu paciente, sendo abordadas as características e formas como a informação deve ser ofertada ao paciente antes de qualquer procedimento. Em seguida serão estudados o conceito e os requisitos de validade do consentimento informado para que a decisão do paciente possa de fato ser autêntica, informada e esclarecida. Por fim, será analisada a relação jurídica médico-paciente bem como a responsabilidade civil do médico decorrente da violação aos deveres éticos e legais relacionados ao consentimento informado, sendo analisada a doutrina e jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Crack identification in multiple cracked beams made of functionally graded material by using stationary wavelet transform of mode shapes
Authors: Lien Tran Van , Duc Ngo Trong
Published: March 2019

This paper presents crack identification in multiple cracked beams made of functionally graded material (FGM) by using stationary wavelet transform (SWT) of mode shapes and taking into account influence of Gaussian noise. Mode shapes are obtained from multiple cracked FGM beam element and spring model of cracks. The theoretical development was illustrated and validated by numerical examples. The investigated results show that crack identification method by using SWT of mode shapes is efficient and realizable.
Social determinants of health associated with childhood accidents at home: An integrative review
Authors: Ribeiro Márcia Gabriela Costa , Paula Aline Beatriz Rocha , Bezerra Maria Augusta Rocha , Rocha Silvana Santiago da , Avelino Fernanda Valéria Silvia Dantas , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with childhood accidents at home according to the levels of the social determinants of health. Method: integrative review of the literature, with research in databases CINAHL, LILACS and PubMed, with the following main descriptors: child; social determinants of health; accidentes, home. We included 31 studies that related the social determinants of health and childhood accidents, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: the proximal determinants identified were: age and sex of children, and ethnicity. Among the intermediate determinants of health, parental behavior, related to the supervision of an adult, prevailed. Parental employment and socioeconomic status were identified as distal determinants. Conclusion: the age and sex of the child, besides direct supervision, were the determinants most associated with accidents. The distal determinants should be better studied because their relation with the occurrence of domestic accidents has not been sufficiently clarified.
Patient safety culture in the Primary Health Care
Authors: Souza Marina Mazzuco de , Ongaro Juliana Dal , Lanes Taís Carpes , Andolhe Rafaela , Kolankiewicz Adriane Cristina Bernat , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate thepatient safety culturein thePrimary Health Care (PHC). Method: A cross-sectional study with 349 health professionals and PHC managers from a city of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The tool used was Safety Attitudes Questionnaire Ambulatory Version. Data-independent double typing and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed. Results: The total score varied between 3.4 and 8.4 with mean (7.0 ± 1.3), positive evaluation in the "Patient Safety" domain (8.2 ± 2.0). Working on the Family Health Strategy and having five to 12 years of work was significant for positive culture. The recommendations to improve the safety culture were: Implementation of protocols, training, communication improvement and resolvability. Conclusion: The patient safety culture prevailed. Establishing a constructive safety culture with safe behaviors represents factors for improving patient safety in Primary Care settings.
Masculinities of prostate cancer survivors: a qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Araújo Jeferson Santos , Zago Márcia Maria Fontão
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the production of knowledge in the health literature about masculinities in the context of prostate cancer survivors and to analyze the implications of this relationship for the maintenance of health care. Method: Metasynthesis of 21 qualitative studies, performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, with the scientific descriptors of DeCS and MeSH terms masculinity, prostate neoplasms. Results: Illness due to prostate cancer imposes numerous changes in male relationships, especially the non-dominance of the body and vulnerability to treatments and their consequences. The cultural values surrounding the disease and the hegemonic behaviors have implications for the health care of men. Conclusion: It has been shown that this relationship makes it difficult to communicate about the disease, marital relationships and family support, mainly influencing neglect of health. The knowledge produced is useful to promote the engagement of men in strengthening care.
Knowledge of responsible technical nurses on management skills: a qualitative study
Authors: Siqueira Cibele Leite , Bernadeli Andrea Cristiane Ferreira , Gasparino Renata Cristina , Feldman Liliane Bauer , Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm , Oliveira Ramon Antônio
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the knowledge of responsible technical nurses in relation to the general and management skills required to perform this function. Method: Qualitative case study with 14 nurses. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and the data analyzed through the thematic content analysis. Results: Two categories stood out: Main Responsibilities for the Position of Technical Manager: Leadership, Interpersonal Relationship and Systemic view; and Developing Skills: Dissociation between Theory and Practice. Final considerations: The fact that only three skills have been recognized as necessary for the exercise of the function of technical leader and the perception of the interviewees about the dissociation between theory and practice during graduation should be explored by the teaching and health institutions, because to exercise this nurses must develop the technical-scientific, socio-educational and ethical-political skills to be able to lead the organization to positive results..
Scientific production indicators and researchers training in the Brazilian Collective Health
Authors: Santos Maria Ivanilde Pereira , Fernandes Tatiana Fróes , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Veríssimo Francisco Marcone , Dias Rafael Amâncio de Oliveira , Martelli Daniella Reis Barbosa , Martelli Júnior Hercílio
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the scientific production, generation of patents and researchers training among Brazilian Collective Health professors who were awarded a Pq/CNPq productivity scholarship from 2000 to 2012 and to verify the existence of an association between these production modalities and the characteristics of the professors, such as gender, training and origin. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from 2000 to 2012, and the Prevalence Ratio was calculated using Poisson regression. For the statistical analyzes, the SPSS® program was used. Results: Of particular note are regional and institutional concentration, consistent scientific output, important researchers training, and a primordial but still timid generation of patents. We found an association between the "scientific production", "researchers training" outcomes, and the gender characteristics, such as the formation and origin of the Pq professor. Conclusion: These findings can guide the decision-making aimed at the deconcentration of scientific production and researchers training in the Brazilian Collective Health.
Social participation and personal autonomy of individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Andrade Valéria Sousa de , Faleiros Fabiana , Balestrero Lais Magro , Romeiro Viviane , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate, based on scientific literature, evidence on social participation and personal autonomy of individuals with spinal cord injury. Method: Integrative review of the literature including studies published between January 2006 and September 2016, obtained in the databases PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS. The guiding question was: "What evidence is available in the scientific literature about the social participation and/or personal autonomy of individuals with spinal cord injury?" The data were processed by IRaMuTeQ and analyzed by the Hierarchical Descending Classification, according to the expertise of the researchers. Results: Six selected studies discussed social participation, one discussed personal autonomy and two discussed both. 107 text segments were retained and gave rise to five classes. Conclusion: There is little specificity regarding the characteristics of social participation and personal autonomy of individuals with spinal cord injury. The existence of barriers forces them to adopt strategies to participate autonomously.
Avaliação do serviço de coleta para exame colpocitológico pela escala SERVQUAL
Authors: Monteiro Nicole Jucá , Amorim Luana Tainá Lima , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , André Suzana Rosa
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze women's perception of the quality of the service provided for colposcopy test in the city of Belém (PA), Brazil. Method: Quantitative-descriptive study on 400 women who underwent Pap test on the public healthcare network, using the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) model. We used the Cronbach's alpha index to measure the reliability of the scale, and data were analyzed by quartiles of the gaps of the dimensions: tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, and empathy. Results: The assurance dimension, corresponding to the knowledge and courtesy of staff, featured the highest degree of importance to users; and empathy, which corresponds to the staff's concern with women's needs, featured the lower degree. The most expressive negative gaps concerned the structure of services and the attitude of healthcare professionals when collecting the material. Conclusion: All gaps featured negative relationship between what was expected and perceived, expressing dissatisfaction regarding the service.
Rebuilding subjectivity from the experience of cancer and its treatment
Authors: Wakiuchi Julia , Marcon Sonia Silva , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Sales Catarina Aparecida
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the social representations of chemotherapy and the experiences built by people with cancer. Method: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred between August and December 2016, through interviews with 29 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at an institution in the northern part of Paraná State, and the Thematic-Categorical Content Analysis. Results: Four categories have emerged denoting attitudes, feelings and experiences associated with chemotherapy and the need for reconstruction of daily life, permeated by the distancing of social life and work. At the same time, we note the close ties with friends and family, as well as adaptive strategies, new meanings of experiences lived and life priority setting. Final considerations: Cancer represents an interruption of plans and dreams, modifying everyday tasks and generating new experiences. This process facilitates giving a new meaning to the past and the reconstruction of subjectivity.
Illness trajectory in heart failure: narratives of family caregivers
Authors: Sampaio Carlos , Renaud Isabel , Leão Paula Ponce
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the meaning of being a family caregiver for a relative with advanced heart failure (HF) in their own home, and to gain an understanding of how dignity is upheld in family caregiving contexts. Method: We used a phenomenological-hermeneutical method inspired by the Ricoeurian philosophy. Portuguese caregivers for relatives with advanced HF participated in two reflective interviews over a four-month period. Results: The ten family caregivers enrolled in this study included two daughters and eight spouses with a mean age of 70 years. We identified two main themes: (1) Struggle between inner force and sense of duty; (2) Struggle between feelings of burden and security. Final considerations: People with HF have debilitating symptoms associated with psychological stress, which can burden both them and their family caregivers. Findings support that family caregivers require participation in the planning and execution of their relative's health care.
Agronomic performance of Blackberry cultivars in Lapa-PR
Authors: Croge Camila Pereira , Cuquel Francine Lorena , Biasi Luis Antonio , Bona Claudine de , Pintro Paula Toshimi Matumoto
Published: March 2019

Abstract Phenological studies with blackberry cultivars and the physical, chemical and sensory characterization of fruits are necessary to select the best cultivar adapted to local conditions and for the correct destination of fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological stages of different blackberry cultivars, as well as to determine the quality of fruits, focusing on the recommendation of cultivars that are more adapted to local climate conditions. Moreover, the aim was to indicate the best destination of fruits produced, for either fresh consumption or as raw material for processing. The results indicated that the cultivars studied have adequate conditions for the expression of their productive potential, being Tupy cultivar the most productive. Fruits of Tupy, Guarani and Cherokee cultivars presented dual aptitude, which means they can be consumed fresh or or as raw material for processing, whereas those of Xavante cultivar are suitable only for processing.