bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kolaborasi Strategi Reading Aloud Dan Two Stay Two Stray sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Minat dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas VII A SMP Negeri 3 Taliwang
Authors: Suhada
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray.

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan subyek dan sumber data siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 3 Taliwang tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan jumlah siswa 29 orang. Desain penelitian metode alur dari Kemmis dan Taggart dengan model siklus. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Prosedur analisis data menggunakan analisis model interaktif dari Milles dan Huberman.

Berdasarkan analisis hasil tes dan temuan dalam refleksi-evaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran, dapat disimpulkan bahwa; 1) melalui prosedur dan langkah-langkah yang sesuai, penggunaan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray dapat meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, 2) Penerapan kolaborasi strategi ini meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan nilai pada aspek kegiatan siswa yang menunjukan minat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran yaitu: a) membaca keras, b) menyimak bacaan, c) fokus perhatian, d) kerjasama, e) usaha mencari jawaban, dan f) presentasi, 3) Prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan penerapan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray dalam pembelajaran mempunyai kecenderungan semakin meningkat pada setiap siklus. Persentase dan jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai di atas KKM mencapai 75%, 4) Persepsi siswa terhadap penggunanaan kolaborasi strategi reading aloud dan two stay two stray yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini sangat positif, siswa sangat senang dan sangat berminat jika strategi ini digunakan pada penyajian materi dan mata pelajaran selain Bahasa Inggris. Kolaborasi strategi ini sangat efektif meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa apabila dalam pembelajaran dipahamkan tentang langkah-langkah kegiatan penggunaan strategi ini, guru membimbing siswa yang menemui kesulitan dalam proses pembelajaran, dan pada akhir pelajaran diberikan tes evaluasi serta merefleksi kegiatan pembelajaran
Pendidikan untuk Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun dalam Perspektif Ibnu Qoyyim Al-Jauziyyah
Authors: Saputra Angga , Maemonah Maemonah
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the concept of Ibn Qayyim's thought in education for children age 0-2 years. This research uses descriptive content method with the type of library research. Documentation is used as data collection technique, and researcher as instrument. After the data waa obtained, the researcher processes the data by reading and analyzing and then concluding. The results of research conducted, are: (1) Education provided to children age 0-2 years includes: sounding adhan in the right ear of children, and iqomah in the left ear, taking the takhnik, aqiqah, hair shaving, giving a good name, breastfeeding until the age two years, and circumcision. (2) Implications of education according to Ibn Qoyyim on the development of children's potential are, the moral-religious, physical-motor, also cognitive and social-emotional potential.
Stimulasi Kesantunan Berbahasa Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Hauriyah Halum, Padang
Authors: Muthie Imam , Yaswinda Yaswinda
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe how the stimulation of early childhood language politeness in class B1 children at Hauriyah Halum PAUD Padang was carried out. This research is a descriptive approach with qualitative methods. The research was conducted from April 19 to May 19 2019. Researchers used teachers and parents as informants. The way to collect data that the researcher uses is observation, interview, and documentation, while the data analysis technique is done using data triangulation techniques. This study found that the development of children's language politeness in Hauriyah Halum PAUD was carried out through the application of donated duo baleh in accordance with Minangkabau culture and integrated in the learning process, the center. Every activity of developing language politeness is carried out through the process of habituation until it is finally embedded properly for the child. The center which is the focus of politeness-language research is the beam center, natural center, Islamic center, arts center and preparation center. The teacher carries out the development of language politeness by providing simulations through various types of activities in the classroom and outside the classroom. The teacher uses a variety of methods in implementing the development of children's language politeness, namely using, direct practice methods, demonstration methods, and methods of assigning assignments. Then it can be concluded from this study that the implementation of stimulation of speaking politeness in early childhood at PAUD Hauriyah Halum Padang has gone well in accordance with the principles of Minangkabau cultural politeness.
Efektivitas Mozaik Bahan Alam (Sisik Ikan) terhadap Motorik Halus Anak di TK Jabal Rahmah Padang
Authors: Rulmalia Rici , Zulminiati Zulminiati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas mozaik bahan alam (sisik ikan) terhadap motorik halus anak di taman kanak-kanak jabal rahmah padang. Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan jenis eksperimen atau penelitian quashi eksperimental (eksperimen semu ) dengan mengunakan mozaik bahan alam (sisik ikan)hasil penelitian  ini di peroleh nilai rata-rata nilai yang di peroleh dari kelas eksperimen yang mengunakan mozaik bahan alam (sisik ikan) lebih tinggi (82,50) dibandingkan kelas kontrol yang mengunakan mozaik kulit kerang (73,12). Berdasarkan perhitungan t-test di peroleh bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motorik halus.
Continuous online monitoring of ice-nucleating particles: development of the automated Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC-Auto)
Authors: Brunner Cyril , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The incomplete understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions introduces large uncertainties when simulating the cloud radiative forcing in climate models. The physical and optical properties of a cloud, as well as the evolution of precipitation, are strong functions of the cloud hydrometeor phase. Aerosol particles support the phase transition of water in the atmosphere from a meta-stable to a thermodynamically preferred stable phase. In the troposphere, the transition of liquid droplets to ice crystals in clouds, via ice-nucleating particles (INPs) which make up only a tiny fraction of all tropospheric aerosol, is of particular relevance. For accurate cloud modeling in climate projections, the parameterization of cloud processes and information such as the concentrations of atmospheric INPs are needed. Presently, only few continuous real-time INP counters are available and the data acquisition often still requires a human operator.
To address this restriction, we developed HINC-Auto, a fully automated online INP counter, by adapting an existing custom-built instrument, the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber. HINC-Auto was able to autonomously sample INPs in the immersion mode at a temperature of 243 K and a water saturation ratio of 1.04 for 97 % of the time for 90 consecutive days. Here, we present the technical setup used to acquire automation, discuss improvements to the experimental precision and sampling time, and validate the instrument performance. In the future, the chamber will allow a detailed temporal analysis (including seasonal and annual variability) of ambient INP concentrations observing repeated meteorological phenomena compared to previous episodic events detected during campaigns. In addition, by deploying multiple chambers at different locations, a spatiotemporal variability of INPs at any sampling site used for monitoring INP analysis can be achieved for temperatures ≤ 243 K.
Quantitative imaging of volcanic SO2 plumes using Fabry–Pérot interferometer correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Fuchs Christopher , Kuhn Jonas , Bobrowski Nicole , Platt Ulrich
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We present first measurements with a novel imaging technique for atmospheric
trace gases in the UV spectral range. Imaging Fabry–Pérot interferometer
correlation spectroscopy (IFPICS) employs a Fabry–Pérot interferometer
(FPI) as the wavelength-selective element. Matching the FPI's distinct, periodic
transmission features to the characteristic differential absorption structures
of the investigated trace gas allows us to measure differential atmospheric
column density (CD) distributions of numerous trace gases with high spatial
and temporal resolution. Here we demonstrate measurements of sulfur dioxide
(SO2), while earlier model calculations show that bromine monoxide
(BrO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are also possible. The high
specificity in the spectral detection of IFPICS minimises cross-interferences
to other trace gases and aerosol extinction, allowing precise determination of
gas fluxes. Furthermore, the instrument response can be modelled using
absorption cross sections and a solar atlas spectrum from the literature,
thereby avoiding additional calibration procedures, e.g. using gas cells. In a
field campaign, we recorded the temporal CD evolution of SO2 in the
volcanic plume of Mt. Etna, with an exposure time of 1 s and
400×400 pixel spatial resolution. The temporal resolution of the time
series was limited by the available non-ideal prototype hardware to about
5.5 s. Nevertheless, a detection limit of 2.1×1017 molec cm−2 could be reached, which is comparable to
traditional and much less selective volcanic SO2 imaging techniques.
Estimating immediate post-fire carbon fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique
Authors: Oliveira Bruna R. F. , Schaller Carsten , Keizer J. Jacob , Foken Thomas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wildfires typically affect multiple forest ecosystem services, with carbon sequestration being affected both directly, through the combustion of
vegetation, litter and soil organic matter, and indirectly, through perturbation of the energy and matter balances. Post-fire carbon fluxes
continue to be poorly studied at the ecosystem scale, especially during the initial window of disturbance when changes in environmental conditions can be
very pronounced due to the deposition and subsequent mobilization of a wildfire ash layer and the recovery of the vegetation. Therefore, an
eddy-covariance system was installed in a burnt area as soon as possible after a wildfire that had occurred on 13 August 2017 and has been
operating from the 43rd post-fire day onwards. The study site was specifically selected in a Mediterranean woodland area dominated by maritime pine stands with a low stature that had burned at high severity. The carbon fluxes recorded during the first post-fire hydrological year tended to be very low so that a specific procedure for the analysis and, in
particular, gap filling of the eddy-covariance data had to be developed. Still, the carbon fluxes varied noticeably during the first post-fire year,
broadly revealing five consecutive periods. During the rainless period after the wildfire, fluxes were reduced but, somewhat surprisingly, indicated
a net assimilation. With the onset of the autumn rainfall, fluxes increased and corresponded to a net emission, while they became insignificant with
the start of the winter. From the midwinter onwards, net fluxes became negative, indicating a weak carbon update during spring followed by a strong
uptake during summer. Over the first post-fire year as a whole, the cumulative net ecosystem exchange was −347 g C m−2, revealing a
relatively fast recovery of the carbon sink function of the ecosystem. This recovery was mainly due to understory species, both resprouter and
seeder species, since pine recruitment was reduced. Specific periods during the first post-fire year were analyzed in detail to improve process understanding. Perhaps most surprisingly, dew
formation and, more specifically, its subsequent evaporation were found to play a role in carbon emissions during the rainless period immediately
after fire, involving a mechanism distinct from degassing the ash–soil pores by infiltrating water. The use of a special wavelet technique was
fundamental for this inference.
A new species of the genus Glaesotropis Gratshev and Zherikhin, 1995 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae) from Rovno amber
Authors: Legalov Andrei A. , Nazarenko Vitaliy Y. , Perkovsky Evgeny E.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A new fungus weevil, Glaesotropis (Electranthribus) rohdendorfi sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), is described from Priabonian Rovno amber. It is similar to G. (E.) zherikhini (Legalov, 2013a) but differs in the transverse carina extending to the scutellum, shorter antennomere 2, wider antennal club, more convex eyes, and larger body size. It is the first record of the subgenus Electranthribus Legalov, 2013a from Rovno amber, the first named beetle from the Olevsk amber locality, and the sixth amber species reported from the Zhytomyr region. An aggregation of glaesacarid mites Glaesacarus rhombeus (Koch and Berendt, 1854) as a syninclusion with the fungus weevil is reported for the first time (41 specimens); the possibility of the glaesacarids feeding on fungi is discussed.
On the 2011 record low Arctic sea ice thickness: a combination of
dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies
Authors: Li Xuewei , Yang Qinghua , Yu Lejiang , Holland Paul R. , Min Chao , Mu Longjiang , Chen Dake
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The sea ice thickness is recognized as an early indicator of climate changes. The mean Arctic sea ice thickness has been declining for the past four decades, and a sea ice thickness record minimum is confirmed occurring in autumn 2011. We used a daily sea ice thickness reanalysis data covering the melting season to investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes leading to the minimum thickness. Ice thickness budget analysis demonstrates that the ice thickness loss is associated with an extraordinarily large amount of multiyear ice volume export through the Fram Strait during the season of sea ice advance. Due to the loss of multiyear ice, the Arctic ice thickness becomes more sensitive to atmospheric anomalies. The positive net surface energy flux anomalies melt roughly 0.22 m of ice more than usual from June to August. An analysis of clouds and radiative fluxes from ERA5 reanalysis data reveals that the increased net surface energy absorption supports the enhanced sea ice melt. The enhanced cloudiness led to positive anomalies of net long-wave radiation. Furthermore, the enhanced sea ice melt reduces the surface albedo, triggering an ice–albedo amplifying feedback and contributing to the accelerating loss of multiyear ice. The results demonstrate that the dynamic transport of multiyear ice and the subsequent surface energy budget response is a critical mechanism actively contributing to the evolution of Arctic sea ice thickness.
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Authors: Hotton Veronica
Published: January 2021

A poem about grading by Veronica Hotton.
Composición de aceites esenciales de diferentes especies de “pimienta” de los géneros Piper, Pimenta, Lindera, Ruta, Schinus y Zanthoxylum
Authors: Alonso-Miguel Héctor , Pérez-Alonso María José , Soria Ana Cristina , Blanco Martínez Manuel
Published: January 2021

Se ha extraído mediante hidrodestilación el aceite esencial de diez especies usadas como pimienta: Piper borbonense, P. capense, P. retrofractum, P. nigrum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum y Z. armatum, Lindera neesiana, Ruta chalepensis, Schinus terebenthifolia, Pimenta dioica. Los análisis realizados mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas encontraron que todas presentan β-felandreno y derivados de cariofileno y felandreno, siendo estos compuestos de propiedades pungentes los característicos de la especia pimienta. El rendimiento de esencia varía desde 0,43% para R. chalepensis hasta 7,61% para P. borbonense. Los compuestos mayoritarios fueron: P. borbonense (α-felandreno, 12,43%), P. capense (δ-cadineno, 25,59%,), P. retrofractum (γ-cadineno, 31,63%), P. nigrum ((E)-β-cariofileno, 22,88%), P. dioica (eugenol, 48,93%), L. neesiana (miristicina, 14,13%), R. chalepensis (2-undecanona, 64,93%), S. therebenthifolia (δ-3-careno, 29,21%), Z. armatum (linalool, 53,30%); Z. bungeanum (linalool, 64,09%). Todo esto muestra las diferencias en el metabolismo secundario de las pimientas y por tanto sus posibles aplicaciones en diferentes industrias.
The effect of early adoption of an academic electronic health record system in nursing education: A pilot outcome study
Authors: Chung Joohyun , Reynolds Teresa
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore the faculty’s and students’ perceptions of an academic electronic health record system (AEHRs) for teaching/learning electronic nursing documentation and to assess the outcomes of the AEHRs on nursing students’ competency with electronic nursing documentation.Methods: With a mixed-method pilot study, a convenience sample of 41 undergraduate nursing students and a purposive sample of 7 faculty and 9 students were used. Two groups of student participants for the quantitative data were compared for their competency with electronic nursing documentation. For the qualitative data, an in-depth, exploratory approach to data collection was taken for the nursing faculty and the intervention group.Results: For the quantitative findings, the early adoption of an AEHRs could help students to collect a patients’ health information through the system even though it may not impact their critical thinking on a patient’s care. For the qualitative findings, three key themes were shared by the faculty and students: (1) benefits and challenges, (2) impact of the AEHRs, and (3) recommendations for future adoption.Conclusions: This study revealed that the successful adoption of an AEHRs includes many steps that can be used to create positive improvements. These findings were beneficial to prepare students and nursing educators for the future of health information technology. Meaningful adoption of an AEHRs will help in building the competence of undergraduate nursing students in electronic nursing documentation and improve patient care.
What Is a Cytokine Storm and Should It Matter to Me?
Authors: Simkin Jennifer , Strange Tierra , Leblanc Nicholas , Rivera Jessica C.
Published: January 2021

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to cytokines and the phenomenon of cytokine storm into mainstream discussions. In this disease specifically, a cytokine storm overwhelming immune response contributes to the pathophysiology and mortality of the COVID-19 infection. Analogous perturbed immune reactions are experienced in polytrauma patients, compromising local tissue healing while threatening multiple organ systems. The expanding field of osteoimmunology should contribute to the orthopaedic community's understanding of how the immune system response, whether normal or pathologic, affects the whole body outcome of our patients.
Emergency Department Visits After Total Joint Arthroplasty for Concern for Deep Vein Thromboses
Authors: Grosso Matthew J. , Chisari Emanuele , Vannello Christina , Hozack William J.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Concern for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the most common reason for emergency department (ED) referral after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) at our institution. We aim to investigate the referral pathway, together with the cost and outcomes associated with patients who access an ED because of concern for DVT after TJA.

Methods:

We reviewed a consecutive series of all primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients who accessed the ED for concern for DVT within 90 days of surgery over a one-year period. The referral source and costs associated with the ED visit were collected. A propensity-matched control cohort (n = 252) that was not referred to the ED for DVT was used to compare patient-reported outcomes measures.

Results:

In 2018, 108/10,445 primary TJA patients (1.0%) accessed the ED for concern about DVT. The most common reason for accessing the ED was self-referral (69, 64%), followed by orthopaedic on-call referral (21, 19%). Only 15 patients (14%) were found to have ultrasonography evidence of DVT. The mean cost for accessing the ED for DVT for patients with public insurance was $834 (range $394-$2,877). When compared with the control cohort, patients who accessed the ED for DVT had significantly lower postoperative functionality scores (52.5 versus 65.9, P < 0.001).

Discussion:

At our institution, 1% of patients who undergo primary TJA accessed the ED for concern for DVT at substantial cost, with only a small portion testing positive for DVT. Self-referral is by far the most common pathway. Additional investigations will be aimed at determining better pathways for DVT work-up, while ensuring appropriate management.
Orthopaedic Manifestations of Amyloidosis
Authors: Zhang Dafang , Makhni Melvin C. , Kang James D. , Blazar Philip
Published: January 2021

Amyloidosis is a disorder of misfolded proteins in human tissues, which can result in morbid cardiac and neurological disease. Historically, the utility of tissue biopsy during orthopaedic procedures to detect amyloidosis has been limited because no disease-modifying therapies were available; however, new drug therapies have recently emerged for the treatment of amyloidosis. Although these novel pharmaceuticals show promise for slowing disease progression, they are primarily effective in the early stages of amyloidosis, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis. Common orthopaedic manifestations of amyloidosis include carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, spontaneous distal biceps tendon rupture, rotator cuff disease, and lumbar spinal stenosis. Carpal tunnel syndrome is frequently the earliest manifestation of amyloidosis, on average preceding a formal diagnosis of amyloidosis by over four years. By recognizing the constellation of musculoskeletal symptoms in the patient with amyloidosis, orthopaedic surgeons can play an active role in patient referral, early detection of systemic disease, and prompt initiation of disease-modifying treatment. There may be a role for selective biopsy for amyloid deposition in at-risk patients during routine orthopaedic procedures.
Extensor Tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium marseillense Infection in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Hirase Takashi , Le Jessica T. , Jack Robert A. , Siff Todd E. , Liberman Shari R.
Published: January 2021

Renal transplant recipients are at an increased risk of atypical nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. Infections caused by NTM are uncommon in the general population, rarely occurring in immunocompetent individuals. NTM infections are an uncommon cause of tenosynovitis. Mycobacterium marseillense is a rare, atypical mycobacteria that has been reported to cause pulmonary and cutaneous infections; however, no previous reports of this pathogen causing tenosynovitis exist. This case reports a 73-year-old male renal transplant recipient who presented with chronic extensor tenosynovitis of the right hand caused by M marseillense. The patient was treated with radical extensor tenosynovectomy and 6 months of antibiotic treatment. A review of literature on tenosynovitis caused by atypical mycobacteria was performed. The patient successfully responded to treatment with no complications or recurrence of infection at the 18-month follow-up. Tenosynovitis of the hand caused by atypical mycobacteria is rare. A high index of suspicion is required to prevent a delay in diagnosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Smartphone Addiction and Life Satisfaction: Mediating Effects of Sleep Quality and Self-Health
Authors: CAO Jianfei , Lim Yeongjoo , Kodama Kota
Published: January 2021

As the popularity of smartphones grows, so does the number of people who are addicted to them. Although many studies have indicated that the various problems associated with smartphone addiction can negatively affect life satisfaction, this result is not absolute. This study surveyed 114 Chinese alumni of a Japanese university and analyzed the mediating effects of sleep quality and self-health on the relationship between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction.  Results indicated that smartphone addiction did not affect life satisfaction, neither directly nor indirectly through sleep quality and self-health. This finding was different from those of previous studies. In addition, the results indicated that smartphone addiction directly affects sleep quality, and that smartphone addiction can affect self-health either directly or indirectly through sleep quality. Based on this finding, we believe that intervention in the excessive use of smartphones is an effective means to improve the physical fitness of people.
Bespreking van: Peter van Hoesel & Max Herold, Beleidsontwikkeling in de 21e eeuw: Hoe het anders kan (en zou moeten), Den Haag: Boom bestuurskunde 2020
Authors: de Haan Frans
Published: January 2021

Bespreking van: Peter van Hoesel & Max Herold, Beleidsontwikkeling in de 21e eeuw: Hoe het anders kan (en zou moeten), Den Haag: Boom bestuurskunde 2020

Volgens de auteurs van dit boek vertoont de huidige representatieve keuzedemocratie scheurtjes, om niet te zeggen barsten. Er is steeds minder dualisme tussen kabinet en Kamer. Keuzes worden gemaakt op basis van een relatief gesloten netwerk dat denkt in termen belangenuitruil en kleine stappen. Kennis uit onderzoek wordt in dat proces onderbenut. Besturen bestaat uit top-down processen. De politieke en ambtelijke top heeft een obsessie om altijd in control te willen zijn. Die regenteske en conservatieve benadering past volgens de auteurs echter steeds minder in een steeds complexere wereld. We moeten daarom streven naar een participatieve kennisdemocratie, waarin de beleidsambtenaar van de 21ste eeuw functioneert als een katalyserende spil in een proces van open en innovatieve beleidsontwikkeling.

Het is een waardevol boek met een belangrijke boodschap: veel kan en moet inderdaad anders. Enkele belangrijke thema’s komen in het boek echter onvoldoende aan de orde. In deze boekbespreking wordt hier dieper op ingegaan.
„Sozialgarantie“ als Perspektive?
Authors: Reiners Hartmut
Published: January 2021

Auch ohne die Corona-Pandemie würden die Beitragssätze der GKV und der Pflegeversicherung steigen, es sei denn, der Bund gleicht die Fehlbeträge aus. Man solle deshalb generell zur Steuerfinanzierung der Gesundheitsausgaben übergehen, meint Rainer Schlegel, Präsident des Bundessozialgerichts. Das sei sozial gerechter als das bestehende Sozialabgabensystem und sichere zudem über sinkenden Lohnnebenkosten Arbeitsplätze. Dieser Vorschlag hat keine Substanz.
Optionen für eine zukunftsfähige Vergütung aus Perspektive der Primärversorgung*
Authors: Schmid Andreas
Published: January 2021

Eine funktionierende Primärversorgung kann in gesundheitlichen und sozialen Krisen das Gesundheitswesen stabilisieren und der Bevölkerung eine niederschwellige Anlaufstelle bieten. Auch wenn Umsetzungen dieses Gedankens wie in Form von PORT-Zentren illustrieren, dass eine Implementierung bereits im Status quo möglich ist, wird deutlich, dass die aktuellen Vergütungsbedingungen Hürden erzeugen. Der Beitrag skizziert verschiedene Optionen, wie Vergütung für Primärversorgungskonzepte ausgestaltet werden könnte, und beleuchtet Chancen und Limitationen.
Data Analysis and Modeling Techniques of Welding Processes: The State-of-the-Art
Authors: Thompson Martinez Rogfel , Crisóstomo Absi Alfaro Sadek
Published: January 2021

Information contributes to the improvement of decision-making, process improvement, error detection, and prevention. The new requirements of the coming Industry 4.0 will make these new information technologies help in the improvement and decision-making of industrial processes. In case of the welding processes, several techniques have been used. Welding processes can be analyzed as a stochastic system with several inputs and outputs. This allows a study with a data analysis perspective. Data mining processes, machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning techniques have had good results in the analysis and control of systems as complex as the welding process. The increase of information acquisition and information quality by sensors developed at present, allows a large volume of data that benefits the analysis of these techniques. This research aims to make a bibliographic analysis of the techniques used in the welding area, the advantages that these new techniques can provide, and how some researchers are already using them. The chapter is organized according to some stages of the data mining process. This was defined with the objective of highlighting evolution and potential for each stage for welding processes.
The Causative Agent of FMD Disease
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Liu Meijun
Published: January 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute infection of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is one of the most serious infectious diseases affecting animal husbandry and a major impediment to international trade in livestock and their products. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family of Aphthovirus, is an icosahedral virus without envelope, 25–30 nm in diameter, containing about 8.4 kb of positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The virus exists in seven different serotypes: A, O, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3, but a large number of subtypes have evolved in each serotype. This chapter reviews the genome, structure, serotype, and epidemiology of FMDV, which will help people to further explore the mechanism of the interaction between foot-and-mouth disease virus and host and provide reference for scientific prevention and control of FMDV.
«I Will Eat You and Spit You Out»: A Reading of the ‘Lesbian Machine’ in Dacia Maraini’s Lettere a Marina
Authors: Casadio Simona
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the «lesbian-machines» (Grosz 1995, 184) at work in Dacia Maraini’s novel Lettere a Marina (1981) and collection of poems Mangiami pure (1978). To this purpose, I engage with two conceptions of desire within the western philosophical tradition. Firstly, examining the development of the metaphor of cannibalism or ‘eros fagico’, I argue that Maraini avoids the ontologization of the notion of desire considered as a lack and thus disengages it from its historical association with the denigration of the female other. Secondly, conceiving desire as a force of production, relational and creative, I explore a particular use of metaphors in the novel which leads to bodily transformations or metamorphosis, without, however, reaching the subject’s imperceptibility through progressive identification. The co-presence and re-elaboration of two, apparently incompatible, theories of desire underline female same-sex desire’s potential to be thought and actualized as a lack and a production, its tendency to annihilate and being annihilated as well as its creative impulses. As a result, Dacia Maraini’s Lettere a Marina and Mangiami pure complicate and destabilize the fixity of representational categories, expanding discourses on lesbianism and lesbian desire. Indeed, the convolution of negative and positive dilates the domain of desire and multiplies its possibilities, carving out a «narrative space in which women might desire differently» (Ross 2015, 16), beyond the heterosexual norm and in diverse ways, who and how they please.
Podridões de colmo estão associadas à precocidade de híbridos de milho
Authors: Berghetti Juliano , Ferreira Evandro Zacca , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Scheidt Bruno Tabarelli , Martins Flavio Chupel , Gonçalves Mayra Juline
Published: January 2021

As podridões de colmo do milho são responsáveis por significativas reduções em rendimento de grãos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação existente entre a incidência de podridões de colmo e o ciclo de seis híbridos de milho. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, semeados no mês de outubro nas safras 2012/2013 e 2013/2014 utilizando-se 70.000 sementes ha-1 dos híbridos comerciais P32R22 YHR e AG9045 VT PRO (superprecoces) e P30F53 Hx, DKB250 VT PRO2, AS1656 VT PRO2 e AG8025 VT PRO (precoces). O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições avaliando-se, em cada parcela cinco metros lineares. A incidência de podridões foi determinada pela presença de descoloração e menor resistência do colmo. Espigas provenientes de plantas sadias e doentes foram trilhadas separadamente para determinação do dano percentual. Danos ocasionados por podridões de colmo, em função da severidade da doença podem ser variáveis em função dos híbridos, mesmo com características semelhantes de ciclo. Os fungos detectados nos colmos foram Stenocarpella sp., Colletotrichum graminicola, Fusarium graminearum e F. verticillioides. Todos os híbridos avaliados expressaram sintomas de podridão de colmo demonstrando não haver resistência, mas sim, apenas diferentes graus de suscetibilidade entre os materiais testados. O híbrido AG8025 VT PRO demonstrou ser o menos suscetível a podridões de colmo. Os híbridos superprecoces P32R22 YHR e AG9045 VT PRO apresentaram maior incidência do que híbridos de ciclos precoces, indicando que a maior precocidade está associada à maior suscetibilidade a podridões de colmo.
Efeito do porta-enxerto sobre a concentração de compostos fenólicos em vinhos Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot
Authors: Allebrandt Ricardo , Moreira Marcelo Alves , Marcon Filho José Luiz , Würz Douglas André , De Bem Betina Pereira , Rufato Leo , Canossa Adrielen Tamiris
Published: January 2021

Há mais de um século, a viticultura deixou de ser a cultura de uma espécie ou uma variedade de videira, e passou a ser o cultivo de uma planta composta de dois genótipos: um para gerar o sistema radicular e o outro para produzir os frutos. Para se adaptar a essa nova realidade, a cadeia produtiva da uva e seus derivados tem desenvolvido estudos e pesquisas que vão desde o momento da enxertia até a degustação do vinho. Apesar do grande número de estudos sobre a influência dos porta-enxertos sobre o desempenho de variedades copa, muitos processos dessa interação ainda são desconhecidos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes porta-enxertos sobre a concentração de compostos fenólicos de vinhos das variedades Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot, produzidos no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para tanto, foram testados, além do P1103, os porta-enxertos 3309C e 101-14Mgt. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos municípios de Painel (28°01’S, 50°08’W e 1.200 m) e São Joaquim (28°14’S, 49°58’O e 1.300 m), nas safras 2015, 2016 e 2017. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de compostos flavonoides e não-flavonoides nos vinhos. Os porta-enxertos influenciam na composição fenólica dos vinhos. O porta-enxerto 3309C aumenta a concentração de compostos flavonoides nos vinhos, em relação ao porta-enxerto tradicionalmente usado nos vinhedos do Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina.
Vigor de sementes de trevo vermelho submetidas a estresse salino
Authors: Rodolfo Giselle Regina , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros , Ehrhardt-Brocardo Natalia Carolina Moraes , Souza Clovis Arruda de , Belizário Karla Katy
Published: January 2021

O teste de envelhecimento acelerado é de grande importância para expressar o potencial fisiológico das sementes. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o vigor de sementes de trevo vermelho das cultivares Quiniquelli e Estanzuela 116 pelo teste do envelhecimento acelerado sob estresse hídrico e salino.  Para tal, as sementes foram expostas a solução hídrica e salina com NaCl (40%) nos tempos de 12, 24, 36, 48 e 72 h a 42 °C e, em seguida, avaliadas pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado. Foram medidos os comprimentos de 15 plântulas normais de cada uma das quatro repetições de ambas as cultivares e determinada a massa seca das plântulas (48 h /60 °C). Após 12, 24 e 36 h de envelhecimento em solução salina o vigor foi superior à média de 84,5% para ambas cultivares. No teste conduzido com água, o tempo de 36 h foi suficiente para estressar as sementes. O tempo de envelhecimento acelerado que melhor caracterizou o vigor de sementes das cultivares Quiniquelli e Estanzuela 116 foi o de 48 h sob temperatura de 42 °C com o uso de solução saturada de NaCl, sendo o mais indicado para as sementes de trevo vermelho.
Quando manca il detective. La presa in carico dell’investigazione in due racconti americani di fine Ottocento
Authors: Calanchi Alessandra
Published: January 2021

A Whisper in the Dark” by Louisa May Alcott (1877) and “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1892) offer an interesting, and not sufficiently investigated, perspective from the point of view of crime studies. Too intelligent and complex to be labelled as simple genre literature, and courted by gender studies, the two stories more aptly belong to Literature tout court, although many features normally lead to place them on the shelves of sensational, thriller, or mystery. The reading I propose stems from the desire to give voice to the two protagonists not only as victims of physical and psychological violence, but as active subjects and real Private Eyes within the narrative.
Dreadful Dolls: Female Power in Carol Ann Duffy
Authors: Nori Beatrice
Published: January 2021

The article scrutinizes some female characters in four poems of the Scottish poet laureate Carol Ann Duffy. Starting from the issue of gender construction and feminist theories, the author then shifts the focus onto the deconstruction and then re-writing of identities. The “Dreadful Dolls” of the title are women struggling to regain control of their bodies, and lives. The author points out how these women change their own body nature and appearance to determine the effects on those who claim power over them. These heroines become aware of the power of their gaze, which they use as a weapon or as a shield. They even manipulate their attire in order to reveal or, contrarily, to hide something about themselves. In this work, the author presents women performing the re-writing of their identity and power.
Linguistic Interference and Religious Identity: The Case of a Lebanese Speech Community
Authors: Solimando Cristina
Published: January 2021

Multilingualism and multiculturalism are cornerstones of Lebanese society. There is a considerable amount of Arabic-French bilingualism, although English has been rapidly gaining ground in recent years. This situation has obviously affected the Lebanese dialect: loan words and even cases of phonological, morphological and syntactical change are widespread. Moreover, we constantly witness phenomena of code-switching and linguistic mixing between Lebanese/French and Lebanese/ English. This has become associated with a certain cultural and religious identity. The literature that investigates the role of foreign languages in Lebanon generally focuses on their use in Lebanese education and on the speakers’ perception of the foreign languages. The present study examines the role of foreign languages in authentic speech and explores the linguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing as markers of speaker religious identity. Various extracts of authentic informal speech are analysed in order to define further the correspondence between language study and identity in the Lebanese context.
A mechanistic model for long-term immunological outcomes in South African HIV-infected children and adults receiving ART
Authors: Ujeneza Eva Liliane , Ndifon Wilfred , Sawry Shobna , Fatti Geoffrey , Riou Julien , Davies Mary-Ann , Nieuwoudt Martin ,   IeDEA-Southern Africa collaboration
Published: January 2021

Long-term effects of the growing population of HIV-treated people in Southern Africa on individuals and the public health sector at large are not yet understood. This study proposes a novel ‘ratio’ model that relates CD4+ T-cell counts of HIV-infected individuals to the CD4+ count reference values from healthy populations. We use mixed-effects regression to fit the model to data from 1616 children (median age 4.3 years at ART initiation) and 14,542 adults (median age 36 years at ART initiation). We found that the scaled carrying capacity, maximum CD4+ count relative to an HIV-negative individual of similar age, and baseline scaled CD4+ counts were closer to healthy values in children than in adults. Post-ART initiation, CD4+ growth rate was inversely correlated with baseline CD4+ T-cell counts, and consequently higher in adults than children. Our results highlight the impacts of age on dynamics of the immune system of healthy and HIV-infected individuals.
Blood markers of endothelial dysfunction and their correlation to cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Pavicic Ivelja Mirela , Dolic Kresimir , Tandara Leida , Perkovic Nikola , Mestrovic Antonio , Ivic Ivo
Published: January 2021

Although liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are major consequences of hepatitis C (HCV), there has been an increasing number of studies examining extrahepatic manifestations, especially those caused by systemic chronic inflammation and metabolic complications that might predispose HCV patients to atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of our study was to assess E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VEGF-A serum levels in patients with chronic HCV infection and to correlate them with cerebrovascular reactivity. A blood sample was taken from eighteen patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and from the same number of healthy blood donors in the control group. The aim was to analyse markers of endothelial dysfunction and to correlate them with cerebrovascular reactivity expressed as breath-holding index (BHI) determined using transcranial color Doppler. The obtained results revealed significant differences between the groups in all endothelial markers except for the E selectin. While the ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in the hepatitis group, VEGF-A was significantly decreased. A significant reduction of 0.5 (95% CI 0.2, 0.8) in the mean BHI was found in the hepatitis group (mean BHI 0.64) compared to controls (mean BHI 1.10). No significant association between the BHI and any of the endothelial markers was found in the control group, while in the hepatitis group, the scatter plot of ICAM-1 vs BHI suggested that the association might be present. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm an association between a chronic HCV infection and altered cerebrovascular reactivity as well as higher levels of markers of endothelial activation (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) as possible indicators of an increased CVD risk.
Mobilidade, imobilidade e a-mobilidade
Authors: De Sá Felipe , Gastal Susana
Published: January 2021

A Mobilidade tem sido revisitada em anos recentes, associada aos temas espaço, tempo, território e lugar, mas poucas vezes envolvendo o Turismo, mais diretamente. Analisar o Turismo sob o viés da Mobilidade amplia seu escopo teórico, entre outros ao permitir acrescentar a ele os conceitos imobilidade e a-mobilidade. Nesses termos, o presente artigo objetiva discutir as relações entre Turismo e a tríade Mobilidade, Imobilidade e A-mobilidade, revista tendo como pano de fundo a Pandemia da COVID-19 e as questões do isolamento social a ela associadas. Para tal introduz o conceito A-mobilidade, recorrendo a figura do panóptico como metáfora. Os procedimentos de investigação retomam revisão realizadas em bases de dados, em junho último, utilizando os termos , ,  e , quando foi constatada a ausência da questão mobilidade, no corpus resultante da revisão inicial. No presente momento, retoma-se a questão conceito mobilidade. Encaminha-se que durante a Pandemia e no seu após imediato registrou-se uma crise da e na mobilidade, afetando de modo dramático as práticas turísticas. A crise insinua que os deslocamentos ganharão nova forma e conteúdo no futuro próximo, sem abandonarem a mobilidade.
Digital Rights, Digital Citizenship and Digital Literacy: What’s the Difference?
Authors: Pangrazio Luci , Sefton-Green Julian
Published: January 2021

Using digital media is complicated. Invasions of privacy, increasing dataveillance, digital-by-default commercial and civic transactions and the erosion of the democratic sphere are just some of the complex issues in modern societies. Existential questions associated with digital life challenge the individual to come to terms with who they are, as well as their social interactions and realities. In this article, we identify three contemporary normative responses to these complex issues –digital citizenship, digital rights and digital literacy. These three terms capture epistemological and ontological frames that theorise and enact (both in policy and everyday social interactions) how individuals learn to live in digitally mediated societies. The article explores the effectiveness of each in addressing the philosophical, ethical and practical issues raised by datafication, and the limitations of human agency as an overarching goal within these responses. We examine how each response addresses challenges in policy, everyday social life and political rhetoric, tracing the fluctuating uses of these terms and their address to different stakeholders. The article concludes with a series of conceptual and practical ‘action points’ that might optimise these responses to the benefit of the individual and society.
Attitude of Farmers towards Information and Communication Technology (Ict) Tools
Authors: Naik B. Jaswanth , Rao B. Mukunda , Rambabu P. , Rekha M. Sree
Published: January 2021

Agriculture sector is one among the foremost important sector in India which might be benefited with the utility of ICTs. Therein regards, extensive use of information technologies got to be promoted to farm level for transfer of technologies. The main target of the study was on the attitude of farmers towards information and communication technology tools in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Interview schedule was used for data collection from the farmers and appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze the collected data. Proportionate random sampling was used in the selection of one hundred and twenty (120) farmers as the sample of the study. The outcomes confirmed that the majority (73.34%) of farmers had medium level of attitude towards ICT tools followed by high (15.00%) and remaining (11.66%) of the farmers had low level of attitude towards ICT tools. Findings of multiple linear regression shows that all the fourteen independent variables put together contributed 75.80 per cent of the total variation in the attitude towards ICT tools by the farmers. The regression coefficient results revealed that the profile characteristics namely age, farming experience, farming experience in ICT tools, training undergone, social participation, innovativeness, economic orientation and risk orientation were found to be positively significant. Remaining profile characteristics viz., education, land holding, possession of ICT tools, annual income, extension contact, scientific orientation and cosmopoliteness were non-significant with the attitude towards ICT tools.