bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumour Necrosis Factor Superfamily Members in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ślebioda Tomasz J. , Kmieć Zbigniew
Published: June 2014

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear aetiology of which two major forms are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD and UC are immunologically distinct, although they both result from hyperactivation of proinflammatory pathways in intestines and disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier. Members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) are molecules of broad spectrum of activity, including direct disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and costimulation of proinflammatory functions of lymphocytes. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has a well-established pathological role in IBD which also serves as a target in IBD treatment. In this review we discuss the role of TNF and other TNFSF members, notably, TL1A, FasL, LIGHT, TRAIL, and TWEAK, in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Sequence-Based Appraisal of the Genes Encoding Neck and Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Conglutinin in Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) and Goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Barik Sasmita , Sidappa Chandra Mohan , Saini Mohini , Doreswamy Ramesh , Das Asit , Sharma Anil K. , Gupta Praveen K.
Published: June 2014

Conglutinin, a collagenous C-type lectin, acts as soluble pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in recognition of pathogens. In the present study, genes encoding neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD) of conglutinin in goat and blackbuck were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The obtained 488 bp ORFs encoding NCRD were submitted to NCBI with accession numbers KC505182 and KC505183. Both nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were analysed with sequences of other ruminants retrieved from NCBI GenBank using DNAstar and Megalign5.2 software. Sequence analysis revealed maximum similarity of blackbuck sequence with wild ruminants like nilgai and buffalo, whereas goat sequence displayed maximum similarity with sheep sequence at both nucleotide and amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated clear divergence of wild ruminants from the domestic ruminants in separate clusters. The predicted secondary structures of NCRD protein in goat and blackbuck using SWISSMODEL ProtParam online software were found to possess 6 beta-sheets and 3 alpha-helices which are identical to the result obtained in case of sheep, cattle, buffalo, and nilgai. However, quaternary structure in goat, sheep, and cattle was found to differ from that of buffalo, nilgai, and blackbuck, suggesting a probable variation in the efficiency of antimicrobial activity among wild and domestic ruminants.
Analysis of Nanodipoles in Optical Nanocircuits Fed by Gaussian Beam
Authors: Costa Karlo , Dmitriev Victor , Souza Janilson , Silvano Gustavo
Published: June 2014

We analyze impedance matching and excitation properties of a plasmonic optical nanocircuit composed by a receiving and an emitting dipole connected by a two-wire optical transmission line. The circuit is fed by a circular Gaussian beam focused on the receiving dipole. The numerical analysis is performed by linear method of moments with a given surface impedance of gold cylindrical conductors. With this model, we analyze the variation of standing-wave response along the circuit in function of some geometrical parameters. We present some conclusions concerning impedance matching between the transmission line and the emitting dipole and coupling between the receiving dipole and the incident Gaussian beam.
Infinitely Many Homoclinic Solutions for Nonperiodic Fourth Order Differential Equations with General Potentials
Authors: Yang Liu
Published: June 2014

We investigate a class of nonperiodic fourth order differential equations with general potentials. By using variational methods and genus properties in critical point theory, we obtain that such equations possess infinitely homoclinic solutions.
Extracting Credible Dependencies for Averaged One‐Dependence Estimator Analysis
Authors: Wang LiMin , Wang ShuangCheng , Li XiongFei , Chi BaoRong
Published: June 2014

Of the numerous proposals to improve the accuracy of naive Bayes (NB) by weakening the conditional independence assumption, averaged one‐dependence estimator (AODE) demonstrates remarkable zero‐one loss performance. However, indiscriminate superparent attributes will bring both considerable computational cost and negative effect on classification accuracy. In this paper, to extract the most credible dependencies we present a new type of seminaive Bayesian operation, which selects superparent attributes by building maximum weighted spanning tree and removes highly correlated children attributes by functional dependency and canonical cover analysis. Our extensive experimental comparison on UCI data sets shows that this operation efficiently identifies possible superparent attributes at training time and eliminates redundant children attributes at classification time.
The Existence and Uniqueness of a Class of Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Bai Zhanbing , Sun Sujing , Chen YangQuan
Published: June 2014

By using inequalities, fixed point theorems, and lower and upper solution method, the existence and uniqueness of a class of fractional initial value problems,D0+qx(t)=f(t,x(t),  D0+q-1x(t)),  t∈(0,T),  x(0)=0,  D0+q-1x(0)=x0, are discussed, wheref∈C([0,T]×R2,R),D0+qx(t)is the standard Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative,1<q<2. Some mistakes in the literature are pointed out and some new inequalities and existence and uniqueness results are obtained.
Effect of Autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin on the Healing of Experimental Articular Cartilage Defects of the Knee in an Animal Model
Authors: Kazemi Davoud , Fakhrjou Ashraf , Mirzazadeh Dizaji Vahid , Khanzadeh Alishahi Majid
Published: June 2014

The effect of autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a second generation platelet product, on the healing of experimental articular cartilage lesions was evaluated in an animal model. Full thickness cartilage lesions with a diameter of 6 mm and depth of 5 mm were created in the weight bearing area of femoral condyles of both hind limbs in 12 adult mixed breed dogs. Defects in the left hind limb of each dog were repaired by PRF implantation whereas those in the right hind limb were left empty. The animals were euthanized at 4, 16, and 24 weeks following surgery and the resultant repair tissue was investigated macroscopically and microscopically. The results of macroscopic and histological evaluations indicated that there were significant differences between the PRF treated and untreated defects. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the use of platelet rich fibrin as a source of autologous growth factors leads to improvement in articular cartilage repair.
A Computational Investigation of Unsteady Aerodynamics of Insect-Inspired Fixed Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle’s 2D Airfoil
Authors: V Somashekar
Published: June 2014

A Micro air vehicle (MAV) is defined as class of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) having a linear dimension of less than 15 centimeters and a mass of less than 100 grams with flight speeds of 6 to 12 meters per second. MAVs fall within a Reynolds number (Re) range of 50,000 and 120,000, in which many causes of unsteady aerodynamic effects are not fully understood. The research field of low Reynolds number aerodynamics is currently an active one, with many defence organizations, universities, and corporations working towards a better understanding of the physical processes of this aerodynamic regime. In the present work, it is proposed to study the unsteady aerodynamic analysis of 2D airfoil using CFD software and Xfoil panel code method. The various steps involved in this work are geometric modelling using CATIA V5R17, meshing using ICEM CFD, and solution and postprocessing through FLUENT. The finite control volume analysis and Xfoil panel code method has been carried out to predict aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficients, drag coefficients, moment coefficients, pressure coefficients, and flow visualization. The lift and drag coefficients were compared for all the simulations with experimental results. It was observed that for the 2D airfoil, lift and drag both compared well for the midrange angle of attack from −10 to 15 degree AOA.
Introducing the MCHF/OVRP/SDMP: Multicapacitated/Heterogeneous Fleet/Open Vehicle Routing Problems with Split Deliveries and Multiproducts
Authors: Yilmaz Eroglu Duygu , Caglar Gencosman Burcu , Cavdur Fatih , Ozmutlu H. Cenk
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we analyze a real-world OVRP problem for a production company. Considering real-world constrains, we classify our problem as multicapacitated/heterogeneous fleet/open vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and multiproduct (MCHF/OVRP/SDMP) which is a novel classification of an OVRP. We have developed a mixed integer programming (MIP) model for the problem and generated test problems in different size (10–90 customers) considering real-world parameters. Although MIP is able to find optimal solutions of small size (10 customers) problems, when the number of customers increases, the problem gets harder to solve, and thus MIP could not find optimal solutions for problems that contain more than 10 customers. Moreover, MIP fails to find any feasible solution of large-scale problems (50–90 customers) within time limits (7200 seconds). Therefore, we have developed a genetic algorithm (GA) based solution approach for large-scale problems. The experimental results show that the GA based approach reaches successful solutions with 9.66% gap in 392.8 s on average instead of 7200 s for the problems that contain 10–50 customers. For large-scale problems (50–90 customers), GA reaches feasible solutions of problems within time limits. In conclusion, for the real-world applications, GA is preferable rather than MIP to reach feasible solutions in short time periods.
An Approximation Algorithm for the Facility Location Problem with Lexicographic Minimax Objective
Authors: Buzna Ľuboš , Koháni Michal , Janáček Jaroslav
Published: June 2014

We present a new approximation algorithm to the discrete facility location problem providing solutions that are close to the lexicographic minimax optimum. The lexicographic minimax optimum is a concept that allows to find equitable location of facilities serving a large number of customers. The algorithm is independent of general purpose solvers and instead uses algorithms originally designed to solve thep-median problem. By numerical experiments, we demonstrate that our algorithm allows increasing the size of solvable problems and provides high-quality solutions. The algorithm found an optimal solution for all tested instances where we could compare the results with the exact algorithm.
Downregulation of Transketolase Activity Is Related to Inhibition of Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation Induced by Thiamine Deficiency
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Wu Yiying , Hu Haolu , Cai Jinghui , Ning Min , Ni Xiushi , Zhong Chunjiu
Published: June 2014

In animal experiments, hippocampal neurogenesis and the activity of thiamine-dependent transketolase decrease markedly under conditions of thiamine deficiency. To further investigate the effect of thiamine deficiency on the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs) and the potential mechanisms involved in this effect, we cultured HPCs in vitro in the absence of thiamine and found that proliferation and transketolase activity were both significantly repressed. Furthermore, specific inhibition of transketolase activity by oxythiamine strongly inhibited HPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, thiamine deficiency itself inhibited the proliferation to a greater degree than did oxythiamine. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of transketolase activity might be one of the mechanisms by which thiamine regulates the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells.
Foot Placement and Arm Position Affect the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test Time of Individuals with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Kwong Patrick W. H. , Ng Shamay S. M. , Chung Raymond C. K. , Ng Gabriel Y. F.
Published: June 2014

Objectives. To investigate the effect of two foot placements (normal or posterior placement) and three arm positions (hands on the thighs, arms crossed over chest, and augmented arm position with elbow extended) on the five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test times of individuals with chronic stroke.Design. Cross-sectional study.Setting. University-based rehabilitation clinic.Participants. A convenience sample of community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke(N=45).Methods. The times in completing the FTSTS with two foot placements and the three arm positions were recorded by stopwatch.Results. Posterior foot placement led to significantly shorter FTSTS times when compared with normal foot placement in all the 3 arm positions(P≤0.001). In addition, hands on thigh position led to significantly longer FTSTS times than the augmented arm position(P=0.014).Conclusion. Our results showed that foot placement and arm position could influence the FTSTS times of individuals with chronic stroke. Standardizing the foot placement and arm position in the test procedure is essential, if FTSTS test is intended to be used repeatedly on the same subject.
Vibration Transfer Path Analysis and Path Ranking for NVH Optimization of a Vehicle Interior
Authors: Sakhaei B. , Durali M.
Published: June 2014

By new advancements in vehicle manufacturing, evaluation of vehicle quality assurance has got a more critical issue. Today noise and vibration generated inside and outside the vehicles are more important factors for customers than before. So far several researchers have focused on interior noise transfer path analysis and the results have been published in related papers but each method has its own limitations. In present work, the vibration transfer path analysis and vibration path ranking of a car interior have been performed. As interior vibration is a source of structural borne noise problem, thus, the results of this research can be used to present the structural borne noise state in a vehicle. The proposed method in this paper does not need to disassemble the powertrain from the chassis. The procedure shows a good ability of vibration path ranking in a vehicle and is an effective tool to diagnose the vibration problem inside the vehicle. The simulated vibration spectrums in different speeds of the engine have a good compliance with the tested results; however, some incompatibilities exist and have been discussed in detail. The simulated results show the strength of the method in engine mount optimization.
Silibinin Inhibits ICAM-1 Expression via Regulation of N-Linked and O-Linked Glycosylation in ARPE-19 Cells
Authors: Chen Yi-Hao , Chen Ching-Long , Liang Chang-Min , Liang Jy-Been , Tai Ming-Cheng , Chang Yun-Hsiang , Lu Da-Wen , Chen Jiann-Torng
Published: June 2014

To evaluate the effects of silibinin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, we used ARPE-19 cells as a model in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon (IFN-γ) enhanced ICAM-1 expression. This upregulation was inhibited by silibinin. In an adherence assay using ARPE-19 and THP-1 cells, silibinin inhibited the cell adhesion function of ICAM-1. The inhibitory effects of silibinin on ICAM-1 expression were mediated via the blockage of nuclear translocation of p65 proteins in TNF-αand phosphorylation of STAT1 in IFN-γ-stimulated cells. In addition, silibinin altered the degree of N-linked glycosylation posttranslationally in ARPE-19 cells by significantly enhancingMGAT3gene expression. Silibinin can increase the O-GlcNAc levels of glycoproteins in ARPE-19 cells. In a reporter gene assay, PUGNAc, which can also increase O-GlcNAc levels, inhibited NF-κB reporter activity in TNF-α-induced ARPE-19 cells and this process was augmented by silibinin treatment. Overexpression ofOGTgene was associated with reduced TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 levels, which is consistent with that induced by silibinin treatment. Taken together, silibinin inhibits ICAM-1 expression and its function through altered O-linked glycosylation in NF-κB and STAT1 signaling pathways and decreases the N-linked glycosylation of ICAM-1 transmembrane protein in proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated ARPE-19 cells.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Protects against Amphotericin B Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Model
Authors: Altuntaş Atila , Yılmaz H. Ramazan , Altuntaş Ayşegül , Uz Efkan , Demir Murat , Gökçimen Alparslan , Aksu Oğuzhan , Bayram Dilek Şenol , Sezer Mehmet Tuğrul
Published: June 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has a protective effect on amphotericin B induced nephrotoxicity in rat models. Male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: (I) control group (n = 10), (II) CAPE group (n = 9) which received 10 μmol/kg CAPE intraperitoneally (i.p.), (III) amphotericin B group (n = 7) which received one dose of 50 mg/kg amphotericin B, and (IV) amphotericin B plus CAPE group (n = 7) which received 10 μmol/kg CAPE i.p. and one dose of 50 mg/kg amphotericin B. The left kidney was evaluated histopathologically for nephrotoxicity. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), enzyme activities including catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the right kidney. Histopathological damage was prominent in the amphotericin B group compared to controls, and the severity of damage was lowered by CAPE administration. The activity of SOD, MDA, and NO levels increased and catalase activity decreased in the amphotericin B group compared to the control group (P=0.0001,P=0.003,P=0.0001, andP=0.0001, resp.). Amphotericin B plus CAPE treatment caused a significant decrease in MDA, NO levels, and SOD activity (P=0.04,P=0.02, andP=0.0001, resp.) and caused an increase in CAT activity compared with amphotericin B treatment alone (P=0.005). CAPE treatment seems to be an effective adjuvant agent for the prevention of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in rat models.
p53 Abnormalities and Potential Therapeutic Targeting in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Teoh P. J. , Chng W. J.
Published: June 2014

p53 abnormalities are regarded as an independent prognostic marker in multiple myeloma. Patients harbouring this genetic anomaly are commonly resistant to standard therapy. Thus, various p53 reactivating agents have been developed in order to restore its tumour suppressive abilities. Small molecular compounds, especially, have gained popularity in its efficacy against myeloma cells. For instance, promising preclinical results have steered both nutlin-3 and PRIMA-1 into phase I/II clinical trials. This review summarizes different modes of p53 inactivation in myeloma and highlights the current p53-based therapies that are being utilized in the clinic. Finally, we discuss the potential and promise that the novel small molecules possess for clinical application in improving the treatment outcome of myeloma.
Iterative Multistep Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Method for Solving Strongly Nonlinear Oscillators
Authors: Maayah Banan , Bushnaq Samia , Momani Shaher , Abu Arqub Omar
Published: June 2014

A new algorithm called multistep reproducing kernel Hilbert space method is represented to solve nonlinear oscillator’s models. The proposed scheme is a modification of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method, which will increase the intervals of convergence for the series solution. The numerical results demonstrate the validity and the applicability of the new technique. A very good agreement was found between the results obtained using the presented algorithm and the Runge-Kutta method, which shows that the multistep reproducing kernel Hilbert space method is very efficient and convenient for solving nonlinear oscillator’s models.
The Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Equilibrium with Products Lifetime and Carbon Emission Constraints in Multiperiod Planning Horizon
Authors: Zhang Guitao , Sun Hao , Hu Jinsong , Dai Gengxin
Published: June 2014

This paper studies a closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem in multiperiod planning horizons with consideration of product lifetime and carbon emission constraints. The closed-loop supply chain network consists of suppliers tier, manufacturer tier, retailers tier, and demand markets tier, in which the manufacturers collect used products from the demand markets directly. Product lifetime is introduced to denote the maximum times of manufacturing and remanufacturing, and the relation between adjacent periods is described by inventory transfer. By variational inequalities and complementary theory, the optimal behaviors of all the players are modeled, and, in turn, the governing closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium model is established. The model is solved by modified project contraction algorithm with fixed step. Optimal equilibrium results are computed and analyzed through numerical examples. The impacts of collection rate, remanufacturing conversion rate, product lifetime, and carbon emission cap on equilibrium states are analyzed. Finally, several managerial insights are given to provide decision support for entrepreneurs and government official along with some inspirations for future research.
From the City to the Suburbs: Characteristics of Suburban Neighborhoods Where Chicago Housing Choice Voucher Households Relocated
Authors: Holloway Adrienne M.
Published: June 2014

The Housing Choice Voucher program (HCV) is a federally supported demand-side housing subsidy. According to HCV, eligible households are encouraged to secure affordable housing in favorable neighborhoods, including suburban neighborhoods. To what extent, however, is the supply of affordable rental housing located in suburban communities that offer favorable amenities meeting the increased demand? Using the Geography of Opportunity as a framework, this study examines the mobility results of traditional HCV households who moved from the city of Chicago to surrounding suburban neighborhoods to reveal characteristics of destination communities. Findings indicate that HCV households tend to move into suburban renter neighborhoods that have high poor, African American, and female-headed household populations. Policy makers are encouraged to consider findings to improve life outcomes of suburban HCV program participants.
Preparation, Characterization, and Activity of Y2O3-ZnO Complex Oxides for the Photodegradation of 2,4-Dinitrophenol
Authors: Su Tong-ming , Qin Zu-zeng , Ji Hong-bing , Jiang Yue-xiu
Published: June 2014

With strong adsorption selectivity and thermal stability, Y2O3was added to ZnO to obtain Y2O3-ZnO complex oxides by a precipitation method. The Y2O3-ZnO complex oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, physisorption analyzer, and terephthalic acid photoluminescence probing techniques and were used for the degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol. More hydroxyl radicals were generated on the surface of the ZnO after adding moderate Y2O3. The Y2O3-ZnO complex oxides which contained 0.50% Y2O3were proved to be the optimal photocatalyst and achieved a degradation of 81.2% of 2,4-dinitrophenol solution, compared to 57.6% achieved under the same photocatalytic conditions with ZnO alone.
Preparation of Novel High-Temperature Polyol Esters from Vegetable Oils
Authors: Liu Can , Liu Jing , Ma Lanqing , Rong Long
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to synthesize a high-temperature polyol ester from Jatropha oil. The synthesis process was accomplished via chemical modifications involving epoxidation to remove the double bonds in Jatropha oil, hydrolysis to add hydroxyl groups, and then esterification with pentaerythritol to form the saturated polyol ester. The high decomposition temperature 359°C of the polyol ester was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The lower peroxide value 0.07 meq/kg and iodine value 0.02 mg I2/100 g of the polyol esters were also determined.
Robust Control for Uncertain Linear System Subject to Input Saturation
Authors: Yang Qingyun , Chen Mou
Published: June 2014

A robust control scheme using composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) technology is proposed to improve tracking control performance for the uncertain linear system with input saturation and unknown external disturbances. A disturbance observer is presented to estimate the unknown disturbance generated by a linear exogenous system. The designed gain matrix of the disturbance observer is determined by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the output of the designed disturbance observer, a robust CNF controller including a linear feedback control item and a nonlinear item is developed to follow the desired tracking signals. The linear feedback controller is designed using LMIs and the stability of the closed-loop system is proved via rigorous Lyapunov analysis. Finally, the extensive simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Pollutant Using Intelligent Transport Systems
Authors: Nasir Mostofa Kamal , Md Noor Rafidah , Kalam M. A. , Masum B. M.
Published: June 2014

Greenhouse gas emitted by the transport sector around the world is a serious issue of concern. To minimize such emission the automobile engineers have been working relentlessly. Researchers have been trying hard to switch fossil fuel to alternative fuels and attempting to various driving strategies to make traffic flow smooth and to reduce traffic congestion and emission of greenhouse gas. Automobile emits a massive amount of pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Intelligent transport system (ITS) technologies can be implemented to lower pollutant emissions and reduction of fuel consumption. This paper investigates the ITS techniques and technologies for the reduction of fuel consumption and minimization of the exhaust pollutant. It highlights the environmental impact of the ITS application to provide the state-of-art green solution. A case study also advocates that ITS technology reduces fuel consumption and exhaust pollutant in the urban environment.
Adaptive MANET Multipath Routing Algorithm Based on the Simulated Annealing Approach
Authors: Kim Sungwook
Published: June 2014

Mobile ad hoc network represents a system of wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize network topologies without any preexisting communication infrastructure. Due to characteristics like temporary topology and absence of centralized authority, routing is one of the major issues in ad hoc networks. In this paper, a new multipath routing scheme is proposed by employing simulated annealing approach. The proposed metaheuristic approach can achieve greater and reciprocal advantages in a hostile dynamic real world network situation. Therefore, the proposed routing scheme is a powerful method for finding an effective solution into the conflict mobile ad hoc network routing problem. Simulation results indicate that the proposed paradigm adapts best to the variation of dynamic network situations. The average remaining energy, network throughput, packet loss probability, and traffic load distribution are improved by about 10%, 10%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, more than the existing schemes.
Researches on the Constitutive Models of Artificial Frozen Silt in Underground Engineering
Authors: Yang Yugui , Gao Feng , Cheng Hongmei , Lai Yuanming , Zhang Xiangxiang
Published: June 2014

The researches on the mechanical characteristic and constitutive models of frozen soil have important meanings in structural design of deep frozen soil wall. In the present study, the triaxial compression and creep tests have been carried out, and the mechanical characteristic of frozen silt is obtained. The experiment results show that the deformation characteristic of frozen silt is related to confining pressure under conventional triaxial compression condition. The frozen silt presents strain softening in shear process; with increase of confining pressure, the strain softening characteristic gradually decreases. The creep curves of frozen silt present the decaying and the stable creep stages under low stress level; however, under high stress level, once the strain increases to a critical value, the creep strain velocity gradually increases and the specimen quickly happens to destroy. To reproduce the deformation behavior, the disturbed state elastoplastic and new creep constitutive models of frozen silt are developed. The comparisons between experimental results and calculated results from constitutive models show that the proposed constitutive models could describe the conventional triaxial compression and creep deformation behaviors of frozen silt.
Geometric Analysis of Alloreactive HLAα-Helices
Authors: Ribarics Reiner , Karch Rudolf , Ilieva Nevena , Schreiner Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a valuable tool for the investigation of functional elements in biomolecules, providing information on dynamic properties and processes. Previous work by our group has characterized static geometric properties of the two MHCα-helices comprising the peptide binding region recognized by T cells. We build upon this work and used several spline models to approximate the overall shape of MHCα-helices. We applied this technique to a series of MD simulations of alloreactive MHC molecules that allowed us to capture the dynamics of MHCα-helices’ steric configurations. Here, we discuss the variability of spline models underlying the geometric analysis with varying polynomial degrees of the splines.
The Environmental Effect on the Dynamical Behaviors of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube in Water
Authors: Yan Yan , Li Weizhong , Wang Wenquan
Published: June 2014

The paper investigates the dynamical behaviors of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) in water, focusing on the effect of external environment (i.e., water) on SWCNT. The SWCNT-water system comprises three constituent parts, that is, the SWCNT, the absorbed layer of water molecules, and the water flow around the water layer. The SWCNT and the absorbed layer of water are modeled as two-layer thin shells coupled via the interlayer vdW interaction, and the water surrounding the absorbed water layer is considered as the potential flow. The numerical simulations show that the vdW interaction is responsible for an upshift in the frequency of the SWCNT and preserving the stability of system. Flow velocity has almost no effect on the natural frequency of SWCNT, while being quite significant for destabilizing of the CNT-fluid system. In addition, the effect of wavenumber on the coupled system is also considered. The study not only greatly reduces simulation time but also provides a new model to explain the experimental observation available in particular cases.
Laboratory to Community: Chemoprevention Is the Answer
Authors: Olden Kenneth , Vulimiri Suryanarayana V.
Published: June 2014

In the current issue, Johnson and colleagues present exciting results, using biomarkers involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)–induced hepatocarcinogenesis, as an example of a conceptual framework to target mechanisms of action in developing chemopreventive agents. Their innovative approach offers considerable promise for a field that has long been neglected. Proof-of-principle was demonstrated using a synthetic triterpenoid (CDDO-Im), which activates Nrf2 signal transduction pathway, inhibits formation of AFB1-induced DNA adducts and neoplastic hepatic foci, and alters the expression of genes associated with aflatoxin-mediated toxicity. Cancer Prev Res; 7(7); 648–52. ©2014 AACR.
Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of a Primary Lymph Node Leiomyoma: A Flexible Procedure for a Complex Case
Authors: Baldi Carlo , Ieni Antonio , Cozzolino Immacolata , Cerbone Vincenzo , Memoli Domenico , Zeppa Pio
Published: June 2014

Background: A primary lymph node leiomyoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is reported. Case: A 22-year-old male complained of right groin swelling; ultrasound examination (US) showed a lymph node containing a 20-mm hypoechoic nodule. The residual lymph node was oval, with a well-characterized cortex and hilum. US-FNAC of the nodule showed oval spindle cells embedded in fibrillar matrix. Nuclei were naked and oval with dispersed chromatin but without nucleoli. Immunocytochemistry showed positivity for vimentin and actin, and negativity for cytokeratin, S100, CD23 and CD31. A smear of the residual lymph node showed a reactive lymphoid cell population. FNAC diagnosis was mesenchymal cell proliferation with smooth muscle phenotype; a lymph node is part of the lesion. A CT scan did not detect any inguinal or abdominal mass. The surgical sample was a lymph node containing a spindle cell tumor, which was actin and desmin positive, and S100, CD21, HMB45, CD23 and CD31 negative; MIB1 was positive in <5% of the cells. The residual lymph node was normal. Conclusion: The final diagnosis was primary benign leiomyoma in a lymph node. US-FNAC may frame complex lymph node lesions and provide treatment options.
Sobre a primeira fase da habitação de interesse social (HIS), entre 1919 e 1972
Authors: Coelho António Baptista
Published: June 2014

Sintetizam-se os cerca de 90 anos que conta a promoção de habitação de interesse social (HIS) portuguesa, apresenta-se a sua primeira fase de promoção, marcada pelas "Habitações Económicas", referindo-se algumas das suas características positivas, muitas delas hoje replicáveis, e apontam-se algumas ideias, quer sobre más práticas de HIS, difíceis de anular, quer sobre a importância de se aprender com a experiência.
Brasília: problemas de arquitetura (uma introdução)
Authors: Barros Luiz Antonio Recamán
Published: June 2014

Este trabalho procura indicar diretrizes para a compreensão do projeto de Brasília do ponto de vista de sua própria arquitetura. Para tanto, recorre a dois projetos anteriores que, segundo a análise, enfrentam as questões fundamentais que se apresentavam no contexto nacional durante a década de 1950. O projeto do Edifício Copan e do Parque do Ibirapuera, ambos em São Paulo, concluem as possibilidades disciplinares da matriz arquitetônica moderna brasileira, em seu confronto com nova realidade urbana resultante do desenvolvimento industrial do segundo pós-guerra. E, dessa maneira, indicam os impasses gerais do modelo de modernização, que o projeto da nova capital representa.
Sete cidades: um estudo das representações sociais das cidades brasileiras patrimônio mundial na Web
Authors: Souza Eliane Bevilacqua Lordello dos Santos
Published: June 2014

Este artigo relata resultados e desdobramentos da tese de mesmo nome, que tem por objeto as representações sociais na Web das cidades brasileiras tombadas pela UNESCO, visando desvendar tais representações. Seus principais fundamentos são os suportes narrativos de cidades; o patrimônio mundial; a diversidade cultural; a teoria das representações sociais. No estudo empírico aliam-se a tais fundamentos os passos metodológicos sugeridos pela teoria das representações sociais e os métodos analítico-descritivos e de análise do discurso. As representações são desvendadas, relativizadas quanto aos critérios de tombamento, e sugerem-se outras pesquisas.
Centro de Convivência de Campinas: um olhar sobre a arquitetura de Fábio Penteado
Authors: Trevisan Ricardo
Published: June 2014

Um centro para o convívio, um convívio para as multidões. Assim se revela o Centro de Convivência Cultural de Campinas (CCC), obra singular do arquiteto paulista Fábio Penteado (FP), objeto de análise e estudo deste artigo. Situado na cidade de Campinas, sua história remete-nos à história cultural dessa cidade, assim como à história profissional de FP. Arquiteto de ampla produção prática e teórica, que sintetizou no CCC conceitos imaginados e aplicados em outras obras. Projetado em 1968, este equipamento tornou-se um marco arquitetônico campineiro. Mas seria esse marco uma condicionante forte o bastante para garantir seu brilhantismo enquanto edifício público?
Construções com ar, luz, água e esgoto: higiene e produção habitacional na Campina Grande (PB) dos 1930-1950
Authors: Queiroz Marcus Vinicius Dantas de
Published: June 2014

Estuda como discursos e práticas higienistas guiaram a produção habitacional e redefiniram o ambiente doméstico na cidade de Campina Grande (PB) das décadas de 1930 e 1940. Investiga como as exigências dos códigos sanitários por ar e luz no interior das construções e a inserção do maquinário urbano de saneamento estabeleceram novas diretrizes para o exercício projetual e contribuíram para a legitimação das profissões de engenheiro, arquiteto e urbanista perante a sociedade brasileira dos anos 1930. Através do estudo de caso do município do interior da Paraíba, busca compreender a abrangência das políticas sanitárias e habitacionais vigentes no Estado Novo.
Análise da aplicação da certificação ambiental de edificações habitacionais LEED for Homes no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Bueno Cristiane , Rossignolo João Adriano
Published: June 2014

O aumento da produção de habitações de interesse social traz consigo a problemática da qualidade de unidades habitacionais de baixo custo. Aliadas a essas preocupações surgem também as exigências de caráter ambiental, cujos parâmetros para edificações ambientalmente responsáveis deram origem à criação dos Sistemas de Certificação de Desempenho Ambiental de Edifícios, dos quais um dos poucos exemplos direcionados a edificações de caráter habitacional é o LEED for Homes. O intuito deste trabalho é uma análise desse sistema de certificação, com o objetivo de estabelecer em que pontos essa ferramenta demonstra-se eficiente ou não na avaliação de edifícios de uso habitacional no contexto brasileiro.
Meio urbano e mudanças climáticas - estudo de caso do município de Castro, PR
Authors: Garcias Carlos Mello , Silva Consuelo Marques da
Published: June 2014

O objetivo do texto é chamar a atenção para a dimensão especular da relação sujeito-espaço edificado. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que, a partir de uma experiência essencialmente subjetiva, a arquitetura se oferece como espelho e, ao fazê-lo, desempenha papel essencial na constituição do sujeito. As referências teóricas vêm da arquitetura (Quatremère de Quincy) e da psicanálise (Lacan). Conclui-se o texto argumentando que a dimensão imaginária da arquitetura abre possibilidades de pesquisas tão incipientes quanto fascinantes na teoria da arquitetura.
Editorial
Authors: Editor O
Published: June 2014

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Roberto Pane, entre história e restauro, arquitetura, cidade e paisagem
Authors: Cabral Renata Campello , Andrade Carlos Roberto Monteiro de
Published: June 2014

Roberto Pane é conhecido no Brasil sobretudo pela sua importante participação na redação da Carta de Veneza, de 19642. Na Itália, por sua vez, Pane é objeto de atenção mais ampla, seja de historiadores do restauro, como da arquitetura e do urbanismo. Um convênio dedicado a sua obra deu origem ao importante livro Roberto Pane tra Storia e Restauro, Architettura, Città e Paesaggio (Marsilio, 2010), agraciado com o prêmio Capri San Michele, 28a edição, seção Paisagem. O livro, cujo título dá nome à presente entrevista, contou com a participação de mais de 100 autores, dentre eles Stella Casiello, Giovannni Carbonara, Guido Zucconi e Renato de Fusco. Realizada com o arquiteto Andrea Pane, neto de Roberto Pane e um dos organizadores e colaboradores do citado livro, a entrevista que se segue procurou permear os múltiplos campos de atuação de Roberto Pane, iluminando sua complexa contribuição, hereditariedade e rede de interlocutores. Em resposta às perguntas feitas, Pane, partindo do lugar difícil de neto do seu próprio objeto nessa entrevista, passa longe de uma abordagem laudatória para, com seriedade e delicadeza, construir um rico, fundamentado e detalhado quadro da biografia profissional de Roberto Pane, tocando temas de grande relevância, como a tutela da paisagem, a inserção de novas edificações em tecidos antigos, as aproximações e divergências com personagens como Benedetto Croce e Gustavo Giovannoni, com Renato Bonelli e Cesare Brandi. Oferece, ainda, um elenco extenso de referências bibliográficas para os leitores brasileiros que queiram, com mais profundidade, conhecer esse importante e interessante arquiteto italiano.
A instituição de ZEIS na legislação municipal: estudo de seis cidades médias de Minas Gerais
Authors: Soares Isabelle Oliveira , Azevedo Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro de , Stephan Ítalo Itamar Caixeiro , Carvalho Aline Werneck Barbosa de , Arantes Paulo Tadeu Leite
Published: June 2014

Neste artigo apresenta-se um panorama da instituição de Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS) em cidades médias de Minas Gerais, a partir do estudo exploratório das leis urbanísticas dos municípios de Governador Valadares, Ipatinga, Divinópolis, Sete Lagoas, Ribeirão das Neves e Uberaba. Verificouse que esse instrumento está sendo incorporado na legislação urbanística analisada, contudo, na maior parte dos casos, as ZEIS são estabelecidas apenas em áreas já ocupadas. As barreiras para instituição de ZEIS em áreas vazias limitam o cumprimento da função social da propriedade, indicando que há um longo caminho na efetiva implementação desse instrumento de planejamento urbano.
O ‘planejamento em seção’ nos modelos habitacionais coletivos do Movimento Moderno: um caso na Cidade do México
Authors: Fernández Alejandro Pérez-Duarte
Published: June 2014

Dentro das principais estratégias do Movimento Moderno, aparece de forma insistente o chamado ‘planejamento em seção’: células habitacionais encaixadas dentro de edifícios com deslocamento de andares em vertical. As vantagens desta estratégia eram múltiplas, desde uma maior eficiência do espaço ao diminuir as circulações coletivas, até a minimização da transmissão de ruídos entre células vizinhas. Neste artigo são apresentados diversos modelos, o pensamento que os anima e, no final, o caso do edifício de apartamentos de Mario Pani na Av. Reforma (Cidade do México,1956): um elaborado projeto inscrito na estratégia de “planejamento em seção”.
Bruno Taut e as fantásticas torres de vidro
Authors: Furtado Cláudio S. B.
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo faz uma revisão da apreciação de Bruno Taut feita por historiadores da arte e da arquitetura. Embora Taut venha sido considerado um utópico ou visionário, interpretamos seu trabalho como uma tentativa de lidar com as questões estéticas e políticas de seu tempo através de princípios distintos do racionalismo estrito. Descrevemos a concepção de arquitetura de Taut, com atenção especial ao uso da cor em seus projetos, como postura filosófica e crítica e engajada da realidade.
Memória, Mobilidade e Complexidade: Consideração pela História Local
Authors: Silva Jonathas Magalhães Pereira da , Manetti Claudio
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo é fruto da reflexão de experiências profissionais de projetos de intervenções urbanísticas em territórios onde o estado não estava presente nem na gênese da ocupação nem no processo de consolidação urbana. O artigo objetiva explicitar a necessidade de o interesse público estar presente no território. O método de análise das experiências empíricas acaba por levantar questões que o artigo traz para fomentar o debate com os leitores.
Um Olhar Sobre os Processos de Produção das Culturas Construtivas Tradicionais
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Lopes
Published: June 2014

De que trata a noção de culturas construtivas? Qual seria sua natureza e seus elementos constitutivos? A partir de um olhar analítico sobre os fenômenos de produção das culturas construtivas tradicionais, este artigo coloca em evidência certas características e condições de seus sistemas de funcionamento. Assim, orientamos nossas reflexões a uma melhor compreensão de como certas sociedades produziram tecnologias, em momentos específicos, legitimadas por fatores ligados mais à tradição cultural do que à razão técnica, transmitindo-as e desenvolvendo-as ao longo do tempo. Tais processos apresentaram-se, inclusive, como fortalecedores de coesões sociais e identidades coletivas.
Ferrovias, nômades e exilados
Authors: Andrade Carlos Roberto Monteiro de
Published: June 2014

Qual a forma de territorialidade do nômade? O que a distingue daquela do exilado? Procurando responder a essas questões, este texto discute as relações do nomadismo com a ferrovia - enfocando a dimensão disciplinar desse meio de transporte -, bem como a presença do nômade e do exilado nas metrópoles contemporâneas, apontando algumas de suas características.
Arquitetura e solidão: John Hejduk em Berlim
Authors: Passaro Lais Bronstein
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os projetos de John Hejduk para Berlim elaborados no contexto da Exposição Internacional de Edificações - IBA. Como construções refinadas de pensamento, tais projetos aglutinam questões diretamente relacionadas com o debate dos anos 80, caracterizado sobretudo pela crítica mais consolidada ao movimento moderno. O trabalho de Hejduk representa uma das vertentes dessa crítica e remete a um entendimento pouco convencional da arquitetura, efetuando deslocamentos nas relações tradicionais de teoria-prática e sujeito-objeto. Dessa forma, mais que submergir no mundo poético de suas inúmeras estruturas, trataremos de desvelar essas inflexões sugeridas por Hejduk em suas propostas de arquitetura e cidade, e a cumplicidade destas com o contexto específico da exposição.
Ensinando a morar: o Edifício Esther e os embates pela habitação vertical em São Paulo (1930-1962)
Authors: Atique Fernando
Published: June 2014

Para que a cidade de São Paulo ficasse conhecida, hoje, como o território dos arranha-céus, foi necessária a ação de arquitetos e engenheiros que projetaram muitos edifícios verticais, destinando boa parte deles à habitação. Entretanto, houve também a ação de outros profissionais partidários de concepções diversas sobre a verticalização. Este artigo aborda esta polêmica, verificada no século XX, tendo como ponto focal a gestação e a ocupação do Edifício Esther, projetado pelos arquitetos Vital Brazil e Adhemar Marinho, para a família de empresários do açúcar Almeida Nogueira. Mostra-se que a consolidação da habitação vertical em São Paulo se efetivou, em grande parte, no papel desempenhado pelo Esther, aglutinador de importantes personagens urbanos, mas locus de uma das mais interessantes formas de gestão predial já existentes na cidade: a Sociedade Predial Esther, firma de gerenciamento do edifício homônimo.
A invenção de Brasília: o" risco" de Lúcio Costa
Authors: Barki José
Published: June 2014

A exposição comemorativa que marcou os cem anos do nascimento de Lucio Costa, realizada no Museu do Paço,² Rio de Janeiro, nos meses de março e abril de 2002, foi uma belíssima coletânea em que se pôde acompanhar o desenvolvimento e as reflexões projetuais do mestre em um conjunto muito expressivo de trabalhos. A estrutura da exposição procurou resgatar a trajetória individual do arquiteto, passando pelas primeiras realizações até chegar à obra madura e consolidada. De um ponto de vista restrito, a exposição dos desenhos revela o âmago da própria prática da concepção do projeto e, talvez, a melhor explicação para os trabalhos expostos seja uma intensa paixão pelo risco à mão livre. Este artigo propõe uma análise de parte dessas notações gráficas de maneira renovada.
Da função à ficção
Authors: Santos Fabio Lopes de Souza
Published: June 2014

O artigo discute, dentro da produção dos anos 1960, convergências entre atitudes emergentes nas artes plásticas, arquitetura e design, analisando as produções de Robert Venturi, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol e Lygia Clark, arte e arquitetura britânicas, arte cinética, design e a concepção de" obra aberta" de Umberto Eco. A análise enfoca a relação entre obra e público proposta por estas produções, a" percepção aberta". O texto situa as inovações nestas produções em meio às mudanças que então se processavam, problematizando como elas abalaram pontos fundamentais do modernismo, especialmente a relação entre movimento moderno e indústria cultural.