bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo referente ao tema Natureza da Ciência na formação inicial de professores de Física
Authors: Silva Boniek Venceslau da Cruz , Martins André Ferrer P.
Published: December 2019

O conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo (PCK, do inglês Pedagogical Content Knowledge) é um conhecimento desenvolvido ao longo da formação docente e no exercício de sua profissão, caracterizando-se como um conhecimento próprio do professor. Entendemos que o PCK pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a compreensão do como os professores desenvolvem estratégias didáticas para a discussão de aspectos da Natureza da Ciência (NdC) em sala de aula. Na nossa pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, buscamos investigar como 9 (nove) futuros professores de Física e estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira mobilizam seus PCK para o ensino de aspectos da Natureza da Ciência (PCK/NdC). Devido à natureza tácita do PCK, utilizamos várias formas de coleta de dados, como, por exemplo, questionários, entrevistas e diários de reflexão do participante. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiram perceber alguns elementos que facilitaram ou dificultaram a mobilização do PCK/NdC do grupo investigado. Por exemplo, a complexidade e o ineditismo destas temáticas nos cursos de formação de professores de Física apresentou-se como um fator que dificultou a produção de estratégias didáticas para o ensino de aspectos da NdC, causando receios nos futuros professores, principalmente, no que diz respeito às suas próprias imagens diante dos estudantes da Educação Básica ao receberem essas novas propostas. Atrelado a isso, o pouco conhecimento do contexto, ou seja, o lócus de trabalho dos professores, pois o grupo investigado não apresentava experiências didáticas na sala de aula, propriamente dita, dificultou a estruturação de conhecimentos de estratégias didáticas para o ensino de aspectos da NdC e, consequentemente, do PCK/NdC. A partir das análises realizadas, embora os licenciandos investigados ainda estejam na fase de amadurecimento dos seus PCK/NdC, sugerimos que os cursos de formação inicial direcionem outro olhar para a questão de como os licenciandos mobilizam os conhecimentos necessários para o ensino de conteúdos metacientíficos e, por consequência, seus PCK/NdC. Uma saída, emergente da nossa investigação, seria a inserção de mais práticas cooperativas e reflexivas na formação destes professores.
Respostas de licenciandos em Física sobre aspectos relacionados aos exames de diagnóstico médico por imagem
Authors: Silva André Coelho , Almeida Maria José P. M.
Published: December 2019

Assumindo que uma das possíveis maneiras de trabalhar tópicos de Física Moderna e Contemporânea é abordando aspectos do funcionamento de artefatos tecnológicos contemporâneos, estruturamos este trabalho a partir de duas questões: como licenciandos em física produzem sentidos a partir de uma unidade de ensino sobre aparelhos e exames de diagnóstico médico por imagem? E como o desenvolvimento de uma unidade de ensino sobre aparelhos e exames de diagnóstico médico por imagem pode contribuir para as representações de licenciandos em física sobre alguns conceitos e noções associados à Física Moderna e Contemporânea? Para respondê-las, embasamo-nos em noções da Análise de Discurso divulgadas e/ou produzidas por Eni Orlandi e analisamos respostas dadas por dois licenciandos em física ao longo do desenvolvimento da referida unidade de ensino em sala de aula. As análises evidenciaram que a abordagem do tema aparelhos e exames de diagnóstico médico por imagem pode funcionar como condição de produção de sentidos sobre noções relacionadas à Física Moderna e Contemporânea, como as de radiação, radioatividade e spin, proporcionando aos licenciandos a produção de sentidos coerentes com as interpretações científicas atualmente aceitas.
O direito fundamental à boa administração: da Carta de Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia às perspectivas de sua efetivação e controle nas ordens constitucionais de Portugal e Espanha: desenvolvimentos comparativos na realidade brasileira
Authors: Silva Clarissa Sampaio
Published: December 2019

O reconhecimento de um direito fundamental à boa administração pela Carta de Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia implicou a fixação de posições garantísticas mínimas dos cidadãos perante a Administração Pública, com influxos nos ordenamentos constitucionais de seus Estados membros. Encontram-se, nas Constituições portuguesa e espanhola, formas de concretização do referido direito tanto nas vertentes subjetiva quanto objetiva. Igualmente, na ordem constitucional brasileira, podem ser identificadas posições subjetivas e elementos objetivos realizadores do direito à boa administração. Numa e noutra situação, as formas de seu controle são diferentes, os quais devem ser adaptados aos seus respectivos espectros.
Drops in physical performance during intermittent small-sided and conditioned games in professional soccer players
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Rabbani Alireza , Ferreira Ruben , Araújo João Pedro
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify variations in external load measures between sets (3 × 4’/2’ rest) of small-sided and conditioned game formats (goalkeeper + 5 vs. 5 + goalkeeper with specific tactical demands).

Methods

Overall, 10 male professional soccer players (age: 28.1 ± 3.8 years, experience: 7.9 ± 2.9 years, height: 180.3 ± 5.8 cm, weight: 76.5 ± 6.3 kg) from a team competing in the first Portuguese league and in the UEFA Europa league participated in the study. Distance covered, high intensity running (HIR), maximal velocity (MV), high speed running (HSR), very high intensity running (VHIR), and player load (PL) were monitored by using global positioning system units.

Results

Very large decreases in HIR (–62.6, effect size [ES]: –2.04) were found from set 1 to set 3. Large decreases in distance covered (–12.8%, ES: –1.28) and MV (–19.4, ES: –1.95) were observed from the first to the third set. Large decreases in HSR (–80.2%, ES: –1.78), moderate decreases in PL (–7.6%, ES: –0.64), and large decreases in VHIR (–83.0%, ES: –1.88) were reported between the first and the third set.

Conclusions

The results of the present study indicate a significant drop in external load performance when comparing the first and the second sets with the third set.
The ‘Sling Shot’ increased the maximum number of repetitions in the barbell bench press in men with different resistance training experience
Authors: Pedrosa Gustavo Ferreira , Corrêa da Silva Bruno Victor , Freire da Silva Gisele , Rodrigues dos Santos Marcos Henrique , Simôes Marina Gurgel , Alves Ferreira Guilherme Silva , Pedrosa Ricardo Ferreira , Dias da Silva Ronaldo Ângelo , Ribeiro Diniz Rodrigo César
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The study examined if the elastic device named Sling Shot could increase the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) and diminish the mean repetition duration in men with different resistance training experience while performing the bench press exercise in multiple sets.

Methods

Overall, 22 men were grouped depending on their resistance training experience. The most experienced group (MEG; 11 men, 65.45 ± 26.27 months of training experience) and the less experienced group (LEG; 11 men, 3.09 ± 2.07 months of training experience) performed 3 sets at 80% of the 1-repetition maximum test as fast as possible, with 2-min
rest, of the barbell bench press exercise with and without the Sling Shot. Two 3-way ANOVA tests, with α = 0.05, were used to compare the MNR and mean repetition duration in inter- and intra-group comparisons across the sets.

Results

The Sling Shot increased the MNR in the 2 groups throughout the 3 sets. The increase was 50.5%, 65.4%, and 43.8% in the MEG group and 120%, 68.4%, and 43.3% in the LEG group for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sets, respectively. However, there was no difference in the MNR between groups when the Sling Shot was used. Additionally, both groups performed the repetitions with a shorter mean duration with the Sling Shot than without it. No difference was observed between the groups.

Conclusions

Regardless of training experience, the Sling Shot constitutes an alternative for increasing the MNR and decreasing the mean repetition duration in multiple sets.
Attention and executive function are predicted by anthropometric indicators, strength, motor performance and aerobic fitness in children aged 6 to 10 years
Authors: Mazzoccante Rafaello Pinheiro , de Luca Corrêa Hugo , Santos de Santana Frederico , Almeida Câmara Matheus , Castro de Sousa Beatriz Raquel , Castro de Sousa Ioranny Raquel , Pimentel Ferreira Aparecido , de Melo Gislane Ferreira
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To predict attention and executive function in children through anthropometric, physical, and motor indicators.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 271 children aged 6–10 years. Aerobic fitness was measured by using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, adapted for children. Motor performance was assessed with the Körperkoordinationstest
für Kinder. Attention and executive function were evaluated by the cancellation test and the trail making test, part A and B.

Results

The receiver operating characteristic curve pointed the following executive function predictors, with respective cut-off points: body mass index: 0.69 (0.62–0.76), 18.62 kg/m2; waist circumference: 0.83 (0.77–0.88), 65.53 cm; sum of skinfolds: 0.69 (0.63–0.75), 32.51 mm; percentage of body fat: 0.67 (0.61–0.74), 27.36%; Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
Level 1: 0.60 (0.52–0.67), 176 m; motor quotient score: 0.97 (0.95–0.98), 69.50; score of attention: 0.82 (0.77–0.87), 77.75.

Conclusions

Executive function seems to be influenced by the anthropometric and functional components.
Serve efficiency developments at Wimbledon between 2002 and 2015: a longitudinal approach to impact tomorrow’s tennis practice
Authors: Grambow Ralph , O’Shannessy Craig , Born Philipp , Meffert Dominik , Vogt Tobias
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Good serving is crucial to succeed in men’s world class tennis; however, both chronological and skill-related service game development remain to be elucidated. The study aimed to systematically analyse the development of serving behaviour
and serve efficiency in world class men’s tennis over a period of 14 years.

Methods

Historical data collected from all matches at the Wimbledon Championship between 2002 and 2015 (matches: n = 1772; service games: n = 63,838; serves: n = 401,527) were included for analyses. The analyses focused on 2 comparisons, serve efficiency development over time and possible differences within the world class, i.e. 1st tournament week results (matches: n = 1563; service games: n = 55,989; serves: n = 352,748) and 2nd tournament week results (matches: n = 209; service games: n = 7849; serves: n = 48,779).

Results

An increase was observed of the percentages for service games won (p < 0.01), aces served (p < 0.01), and 1st and 2nd serve points won (p < 0.01), whereas double faults (p < 0.05) and serve and volley points played (p < 0.01) decreased over time. Direct comparisons of the 1st and 2nd tournament week show advantages in favour of the 2nd tournament week.
Players competing in the 2nd tournament week won higher percentages of service games (p < 0.01) and points on the 1st (p < 0.01) and 2nd serve (p < 0.05), and served more aces (p < 0.05) but fewer double faults (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

With a particular impact on the 2nd tournament week, the findings indicate increased serve efficiency in men’s world class grass court tennis from 2002 to 2015, which may imply altered practice patterns in tomorrow’s training and coaching.
Impact of different exercise interventions on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients
Authors: Odynets Tetiana , Briskin Yuriy , Todorova Valentina , Bondarenko Olha
Published: December 2019

Introduction

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of different exercise interventions on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients through 1-year outpatient rehabilitation.

Methods

Overall, 138 breast cancer patients were assessed for eligibility. After excluding 14 women, 124 patients were randomly allocated to water exercise interventions (group A, n = 50), Pilates exercise interventions (group B, n = 44), and yoga exercise interventions (group C, n = 30). Finally, 115 patients completed relevant interventions and were analysed. The participants reported anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of the interventions.

Results

After 12 months, a decrease in anxiety and depression was observed by 5.64 (p < 0.001) and 4.09 (p < 0.001) points in group A, by 5.75 (p < 0.001) and 4.60 (p < 0.001) points in group B, and by 4.07 (p < 0.001) and 3.14 (p < 0.001) points in group C, respectively. Group A showed significantly better results than group C in anxiety (by 1.54 points; p < 0.01) and depression (by 1.40 points; p < 0.05). Group B obtained significantly better results than group C in anxiety (by 1.61 points; p < 0.01) and depression (by 1.81 points; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Practising a water exercise program resulted in a better decrease of anxiety and depression levels compared with Pilates and yoga interventions.
Regional sources of airborne ultrafine particle number and mass concentrations in California
Authors: Yu Xin , Venecek Melissa , Kumar Anikender , Hu Jianlin , Tanrikulu Saffet , Soon Su-Tzai , Tran Cuong , Fairley David , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Regional concentrations and source contributions are calculated for airborne
particle number concentration (Nx) and ultrafine particle mass
concentration (PM0.1) in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) and the
South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) surrounding Los Angeles with 4 km spatial
resolution and daily time resolution for selected months in the years 2012,
2015, and 2016. Performance statistics for daily predictions of N10
concentrations meet the goals typically used for modeling of PM2.5
(mean fractional bias
(MFB) < ±0.5 and mean fractional error
(MFE) < 0.75). The relative ranking and
concentration range of source contributions to PM0.1 predicted by
regional calculations agree with results from receptor-based studies that
use molecular markers for source apportionment at four locations in
California. Different sources dominated regional concentrations of N10
and PM0.1 because of the different emitted particle size distributions
and different choices for heating fuels. Nucleation (24 %–57 %) made the
largest single contribution to N10 concentrations at the 10 regional
monitoring locations, followed by natural gas combustion (28 %–45 %),
aircraft (2 %–10 %), mobile sources (1 %–5 %), food cooking (1 %–2 %), and
wood smoke (0 %–1 %). In contrast, natural gas combustion (22 %–52 %) was
the largest source of PM0.1 followed by mobile sources (15 %–42 %),
food cooking (4 %–14 %), wood combustion (1 %–12 %), and aircraft
(2 %–6 %). The study region encompassed in this project is home to more than
25 million residents, which should provide sufficient power for future
epidemiological studies on the health effects of airborne ultrafine
particles. All of the PM0.1 and N10 outdoor exposure fields
produced in the current study are available free of charge at http://webwolf.engr.ucdavis.edu/data/soa_v3/hourly_avg/ (last access: 20 November 2019).
Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate from Doppler wind lidars and in situ instrumentation for the Perdigão 2017 campaign
Authors: Wildmann Norman , Bodini Nicola , Lundquist Julie K. , Bariteau Ludovic , Wagner Johannes
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The understanding of the sources, spatial distribution and temporal variability of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer, and improved simulation of its forcing processes require observations in a broad range of terrain types and atmospheric conditions. In this study, we estimate turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate ε using multiple techniques, including in situ measurements of sonic anemometers on meteorological towers, a hot-wire anemometer on a tethered lifting system and remote-sensing retrievals from a vertically staring lidar and two lidars performing range–height indicator (RHI) scans. For the retrieval of ε from the lidar RHI scans, we introduce a modification of the Doppler spectral width method. This method uses spatiotemporal averages of the variance in the line-of-sight velocity and the turbulent broadening of the Doppler backscatter spectrum. We validate this method against the observations from the other instruments, also including uncertainty estimations for each method. The synthesis of the results from all instruments enables a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal variability in ε across a valley between two parallel ridges at the Perdigão 2017 campaign. We analyze in detail how ε varies in the night from 13 to 14 June 2017. We find that the shear zones above and below a nighttime low-level jet experience turbulence enhancements. We also show that turbulence in the valley, approximately 11 rotor diameters downstream of an operating wind turbine, is still significantly enhanced by the wind turbine wake.
Exploring the advantages and limitations of in situ U–Pb carbonate geochronology using speleothems
Authors: Woodhead Jon , Petrus Joseph
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The recent development of methods for in situ U–Pb age determination in carbonates
has found widespread application, but the benefits and limitations of the
method over bulk analysis (isotope dilution – ID) approaches have yet to be
fully explored. Here we use speleothems – cave carbonates such as
stalagmites and flowstones – to investigate the utility of in situ dating
methodologies for “challenging” matrices with typically low U and Pb
contents and predominantly late Cenozoic ages. Using samples for which ID
data have already been published, we show that accurate ages can be obtained
for many speleothem types by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Consideration of our own and literature data
suggest that most carbonates with >1 ppm uranium and a few
hundred parts per billion of Pb should be good targets for in situ methodologies, regardless of
age. In situ analysis often provides a larger spread in U∕Pb ratios, which can be
advantageous for isochron construction, but isochron ages rarely achieve the
ultimate precision of ID analyses conducted on the same samples simply
because signal sizes are dramatically reduced. LA analysis is faster than ID
and thus will play a significant role in reconnaissance studies. The major
advantage of the in situ methodology appears to be the potential for successful
dating outcomes in sample types requiring high spatial-resolution analysis
or those with a high common-Pb component where LA approaches may facilitate
identification of the most radiogenic regions for analysis.
Progress in managing the transition from the RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde within the GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network
Authors: Dirksen Ruud J. , Bodeker Greg E. , Thorne Peter W. , Merlone Andrea , Reale Tony , Wang Junhong , Hurst Dale F. , Demoz Belay B. , Gardiner Tom D. , Ingleby Bruce , Sommer Michael , von Rohden Christoph , Leblanc Thierry
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This paper describes the GRUAN-wide approach to manage the transition from the Vaisala RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde. The goal of the GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) is to provide long-term high-quality reference observations of upper air Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) such as temperature and water vapor. With GRUAN data being used for climate monitoring, it is vital that the change of measurement system does not introduce inhomogeneities in to the data record. The majority of the 27 GRUAN sites were launching the RS92 as their operational radiosonde, and following the end of production of the RS92 in the last quarter of 2017, most of these sites have now switched to the RS41. Such a large-scale change in instrumentation is unprecedented in the history of GRUAN and poses a challenge for the network. Several measurement programmes have been initiated to characterize differences in biases, uncertainties and noise between the two radiosonde types. These include laboratory characterization of measurement errors, extensive twin sounding studies with RS92 and RS41 on the same balloon, and comparison with ancillary data. This integrated approach is commensurate with the GRUAN principles of traceability and deliberate redundancy. A two-year period of regular twin soundings is recommended, and for sites that are not able to implement this burden sharing is employed, such that measurements at a certain site are considered representative of other sites with similar climatological characteristics. All data relevant to the RS92-RS41 transition are archived in a database that will be accessible to the scientific community for external scrutiny. Furthermore, the knowledge and experience gained about GRUAN's RS92-RS41 transition will be extensively documented to ensure traceability of the process. This documentation will benefit other networks in managing changes in their operational radiosonde systems. Preliminary analysis of the laboratory experiments indicates that the manufacturer's calibration of the RS41's temperature and humidity sensors is more accurate than for the RS92; with uncertainties of
Confirming Deliberate Practice in Dietetics Education
Authors: Haubrick Kevin , Molaison Elaine F. , Mohn Richard , Huye Holly , Landry Alicia S.
Published: December 2019

Objective: To develop a valid and reliable instrument to define deliberate practice in dietetics education.Design: Instrument development.Setting: Dietetics education and supervision.Participants: Twenty-three Registered Dietitians participated in the preliminary item tryout phase of the project and a total of 323 participants launched the instrument link for construct validation.Main Outcome Measure(s): Fifty-five deliberate practice statements were tested for construct validation.Analysis: Face and content validity of the instrument, along with initial reliability estimated were tested in the preliminary item tryout phase. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to determine construct validity of the instrument.Results: Initial reliability estimates were >.70 for most categories during the preliminary item tryout phase. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a seven-factor solution with 32 items accounting for 59.72% of the shared variance.Conclusion and Implications: Deliberate practice can be defined with the following characteristics: (1) opportunities to practice skills and hone knowledge; (2) experiential practice to demonstrate innate talent; (3) skills focused on a high level of patient centered nutrition care; (4) frequent and ongoing feedback; (5) reading and understanding evidence based practice literature; (6) professional education and networking opportunities; and (7) a non-judgmental learning environment where the student is free to make mistakes. (Abstract word count = 200).
Gender Inequality and Resource Sharing: Evidence from Rural Nicaragua
Authors: D’Exelle Ben , Riedl Arno
Published: December 2019

Gender inequality in access to resources remains persistent in rural areas in developing countries. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for gender inequality, we start from the observation that access to resources in rural villages is largely determined by within-village resource sharing, which is embedded in social networks. It is therefore important to study the influence of gender on resource sharing while taking into account the social networks of men and women. To do so, we combine data from a distribution experiment and a network survey in rural Nicaragua. We find that sharing is higher among friends and that women have fewer friends than men. Men share more than women and do not discriminate against women, while women share less with men. These results are robust to controls for friendship ties and gender differences in the reporting of these ties. We attribute these results to the gendered division of labor.
Transit Passenger Perceptions: Face-to-Face Versus Web-Based Survey
Authors: Eboli Laura , Mazzulla Gabriella
Published: December 2019

In this paper, face-to-face and web-based survey methods of collecting transit passenger perception data are compared using two transit customer satisfaction survey tools. Multivariate statistical analyses are applied to determine the differences between the two surveys. Some differences in behavior and attitudes of web survey respondents compared with those from a face-to-face survey are found. The results can help transit agencies manage their bus services to improve passenger satisfaction and service quality.
Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion and Digital Payment: The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Son Tran Hung , Liem Nguyen Thanh , Khuong Nguyen Vinh
Published: December 2019

The study provides an overview of mobile money account usage, financial inclusion and digital payment transaction trends in Vietnam, and considers the factors influencing these trends. In general, the rates of using mobile money service and account ownership at financial intermediaries in Vietnam are still low, and other indicators of digital transactions suggest low levels compared to those of countries with low- and middle- income as well as to the world averages. The research also shows that owning an account at a financial intermediary facilitates the use of mobile money. This is a positive trend, at least compared to the situation in some African countries. Finally, having an account at a financial intermediary and using mobile money services generally have a positive effect on the participation in non-cash transactions.
Factors Influencing the Students’ Acceptance of E-Learning at Teacher Education Institute: An Exploratory Study in Malaysia
Authors: Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Francis Agatha
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to identify the level of e-learning acceptance, and factors that influence it, among students at a teacher education institute in Malaysia. Factors involved in the study were usability perceptions, ease of use, lecturer characteristics, information quality, system quality, and technical support. A total number of 230 students were selected as respondents from the third- and final-year students from various undergraduate programmes that employed e-learning. The instrument used in this study consisted of a set of questionnaires containing 49 question items and using five-point Likert scales. The results of the study were analysed using descriptive statistics that derived means and standard deviations. The results show that the key factors influencing the acceptance of e-learning among the students are usability, lecturer characteristics, system quality, the information provided, and available technical support. The findings also show that students' acceptance of e-learning is influenced by the benefits and usefulness of the programme and, as well, saving time and receiving course content that is simple and appropriate to the task.
Biological Control Associated With Plant Nutrition for Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus Management in Soybean
Authors: Lopes Ana Paula Mendes , Toninato Bruna Orlandini , Soares Mayra Renata Cruz , Dias-Arieira Cláudia Regina
Published: December 2019

Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus stand out among the main nematodes in soybean crops. Research on integrated management are often conducted, due to the low efficiency of the main control methods when they are applied alone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the potential of biological control and plant nutrition products to control these nematodes in soybean. The effect of each product alone on nematode hatching and mortality was also assessed. A greenhouse experiment was also carried out, evaluating five doses of the product for biological control based on Bacillus and Trichoderma, with and without the presence of the product for nutrition, inoculated with 2000 eggs and juveniles for the gall nematode or 1000 specimens for the nematode lesions. After 30 days of multiplication, the aerial part was removed and the soil was revolved to receive the new sowing of the soybean with the respective treatments mentioned above. After 60 days, the experiments were evaluated for nematological parameters. Both products reduced hatching and increased nematode mortality. Treatments with biological control were efficient in reducing M. javanica and P. brachyurus, mainly when applied at doses close to 5 and 8 kg ha-1, respectively. The nutrition product negatively influences the biological control.
Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents Beauveria bassiana and Plant Extracts on Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)
Authors: Oliveira L. G. , Lopes Rosineide S. , Santos Venézio Felipe dos , Lima Elza Aurea Luna-Alves , Maranhão Elizabeth A. A. , Costa Antonio F. da
Published: December 2019

Opuntia ficus-indica is a cactus used as fodder for animals in arid areas worldwide. However, the palm is parasitized by the carmine cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius opuntiae) causing great damage to cactus plantations in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Leaf extracts aqueous and hydro-ethanolic of neem and citronella at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL, and strains suspensions of Beauveria bassiana (1 × 108 conidia/mL); were applied on cladodes infested by D. opuntiae, in the laboratory. After 10 days of treatment, the percentages of mortality were obtained on the adult females. Then, the most efficient extracts were selected in the laboratory tests for control tests in palm plantation, where 100 mL of the extracts were applied in the 100 mg/mL concentration on cladodes of palms. The results show that B. bassiana strains were not pathogenic to D. opuntiae. Only the aqueous and hydro-ethanolic neem extracts were effective in controlling the cochineal. We conclude that neem extracts are effective against D. opuntiae and can be used to control carmine scale in Opuntia ficus-indica in the field.
Use of Crab Shell (Ucides cordatus) in Portland Cement Matrices
Authors: Júnior Roldão Pimentel de Araújo , Montel Adão Lincon Bezerra , Silva José Expedito Cavalcante da , Ascêncio Sergio Donizeti , Luz José Maria Rodrigues da
Published: December 2019

The high consume of crustaceans in human food has generated a large quantities of residues, such as the crab shell of Ucides cordatus (caranguejo-uçá), in Brazil. These residues are disposed in the environment. The development of new materials using crab shells chitin for biotechnological applications in civil construction is of great interest to the scientific community. The residues addition in the cement can reduce electricity consumption, CO2 emissions and other environmental damage from this human activity. Thus, the aims of this study were the use of U. Cordatus residues for hydroxyapatite and chitosan production and the incorporation of these compounds in Portland cement matrix, as a viable alternative to improve the properties of the paste and mortar when fresh or hardened. The crab shells were obtained from a fishermen's cooperative after meat extraction. The cement for the production of pastes and mortars was CPII F-40 Portland with filer. The proportion of biomaterial in the cement matrix was of 1 to 5% (w/w). The physical and chemical properties of this material were determined in the fresh and hardened states. Biopolimers of the crab shells promoted changes in consistency, reduced setting time of pastes and mortars and an increase in strength to the axial compressive. These changes may be due to the hydrophilic groups of this compound and the greatest water retention that causes increase the number of nucleation points of the cement and paste grains becomes denser and homogeneous. Thus, the addition of biopolimers in the cement matrix may function as a polyfunctional additive. Furthermore, this process contributes to the reduction of environmental damage caused by improper disposal of crab shells and may represent an economic enhancement of this by-product of the food industry.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: December 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2020.
Use of Pressured-Air for Cotton Lint Cleaning
Authors: Sui Ruixiu
Published: December 2019

Saw-type lint cleaner (STLC) was most efficient lint cleaner in cotton ginning. However, STLC damaged fiber quality. An air-bar lint cleaner (ABLC) was developed and evaluated to preserve cotton fiber quality. The ABLC used pressurized-air to remove non-lint materials from cotton fiber. During lint cleaning process, non-lint materials attached to the fiber were blown off the fiber without the fiber making aggressive mechanical contact with a grid bar in conventional saw-type lint cleaner (STLC). It was expected using this concept that the fiber quality could be preserved by reducing the damage from mechanical impact of the fiber against the grid bar. Preliminary testing of the ABLC prototype showed that ABLC generated less lint waste and had a higher turnout rate than STLC. Use of ABLC could save 2.8 kg of lint in each 225 kg bale of cotton. The High Volume Instrument (HVI) analysis indicated the fiber properties in fiber length, uniformity, short fiber content, and color were not significantly different between ABLC and STLC. However, the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) tests showed STLC had better performance than ABLC in fiber length and short fiber content while the trash and dust content with ABLC was lower than the STLC. More research was necessary to further prove the concept of ABLC and improve its performance in preserving cotton fiber quality.
Qualitative Behavior of AIDS in a Homosexual Population
Authors: Cárdenas Alzate Pedro Pablo , Vasquez S Diana Paola , Velasquez R Luz Enith
Published: December 2019

The main idea of this work is to build a mathematical model that provides a better understanding of the qualitative behavior of AIDS in a male homosexual population. This model initially assumes a homogeneous combination taking three possibilities of clinical cases: Seropositive, full AIDS and the associated complex relationship (ARC). The proposed mathematical model is described by a dynamic system of nine differential equations which involves nine unknowns.
Assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction on urban roads: a critical review
Authors: Thakur Sourabh , Biswas Subhadip
Published: December 2019

Walking is being promoted as either a main mode of transportation or as a part of multimodal mobility. However, a rapid growth and development in urban areas has resulted in a drastic increase in human population as well as vehicular population in most of the metropolitans across the globe. Due to this, there is an unavoidable increase in conflicts between vehicular traffic and pedestrians often sharing the same road space. At an undesignated crossing, pedestrians wait for suitable inter-vehicular gap to cross the road. However, in order to reduce the waiting delay, pedestrians often take risk by accepting smaller gaps while crossing the road. It increases the probability of their collision with approaching vehicles. Apart from the frequency of crashes, the crash severity is also vastly governed by traffic flow characteristics. In this regard, it is a common belief that the reduction in speed of approaching vehicles can significantly bring down the severity of pedestrian crashes. On the other hand, vehicular movements also get obstructed due to the pedestrian activities carried out on the carriageway. During pedestrian crossing maneuvers, pedestrians often force the approaching vehicle(s) either to slow down or to change the lane which leads to reduction in the average speed of traffic stream. However, in case of pedestrians walking along the road, vehicles tend to shy away towards the center of carriageway to ensure the safe movements of pedestrians. Hence, pedestrians irrespective of crossing or walking along the road, eventually results in the reduction in speed as well as capacity of the road and sometimes prove to be a promising threat to safety of the road users. Therefore, in order to delve into the phenomena of pedestrian-vehicle interaction, one should need to study the mutual influences of pedestrian and vehicular movements on each other. In this background, this paper puts forward a detailed literature review on the assessment of pedestrian-vehicle interaction on urban roads. Findings of the paper are specific and infer the behaviors of both pedestrians and vehicles while sharing the same road space.
Analytical and Experimental Study of a Naturally Aspirated Indirect Injection 4-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Ait Slimane Baussad , Menacer Brahim , Bouchetara Mostefa
Published: December 2019

One of the objectives of this study is to elaborate an engine cycle simulation program in FORTRAN language to analyze the influence of operating parameters on the performance (theeffective power, torque and specific fuel consumption) of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Ford ZSG 416 gasoline engine) for different engine operating parameters. The GT-Powerengine simulation software was used to compare the results obtained with the developed computer program and to improve it. In this program, a single-zone thermodynamicmodel was considered, which describes each phase of the engine cycle. In order to validate the developed program, a comparison of the experimental results with those obtainedusing GT-Power software was carried out. The other objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of a number of significant engine parameters such as compression ratio, cylinder wall temperature, cylinder diameter, stroke-bore ratio and ignition angle on the performance of the chosen engine. Examining the experimental results and those obtained with the developed program, it was observed that the power difference was in the order of ± 3%, the torque difference was ± 6%, while the BSFC difference was about ± 10%. It has been noted that the most significant parameters in improving the performance of the gasoline engine are the compression ratio, the fuel/air ratio, the engine geometry and the ignition begin. The variation of these parameters was not arbitrary, the knock criteria, in other words, the achievement of normal combustion were taken into account.
Analytical Nonlinear Response for a Rotor with the Hertz Contact and Clearance
Authors: ZHANG Zijian
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on a nonlinear frequency response of a rotor system with power of Hertz contact and piecewise nonlinearities of bearing clearance. A complex equation of motion for this rotor system was deduced using the Lagrange equation. The natural frequency and phase portraits of the unperturbed rotor system were obtained to demonstrate hardening stiffness characteristics. The amplitude frequency and attraction basins of multiple solutions for the perturbed rotatory system without clearance were investigated. The analytical forms of amplitude frequency of the perturbed system with clearance were analyzed. Through numerical simulation, the correctness of the theoretical formula is verified, and it is in good agreement with the numerical results.
Exotic Plural Forms of Foreign Currency Names in English, French, and Italian: Grammatical, Lexicographical, and Translation (from/into Ukrainian) Perspectives
Authors: Pryimak Dmytro
Published: December 2019

This article analysed exotic plural forms of loanwords denoting foreign currency names in the English, French, and Italian languages, the specificities of their translation from/into Ukrainian and presentation in Ukrainian bilingual dictionaries. The findings of the research prove that there is no unequivocal approach to the use of either exotic or adapted plurals in the names of foreign currencies and coins in English, French, and Italian. The analysis of academic materials within this research allows a recommendation to consult dictionaries for correct exotic plural forms in all the three languages, recognising the appropriateness of the adaptation of borrowed plurals to the native morphological model in the French and Italian languages. In Ukrainian translations and the presentation in Ukrainian bilingual dictionaries, this approach should be preserved, with additional information provided on the donor language from which the exotic form was borrowed to ease the reader’s comprehension and choice of the plural to be used.
Using Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis to Identify Food Ideologies: a Study of Online Product Descriptions
Authors: Ruzaite Jurate
Published: December 2019

The present paper relies on a combination of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis to reveal how food manufacturers construct very specific product identities through product descriptions, which (1) reflect some cultural and institutional values, and (2) have some implications of food ideology. This investigation primarily focuses on the text functions of bread descriptions, the dominant verbal discourses of bread promotion in Lithuania, and the typical linguistic choices used to disseminate these discourses. The data includes product descriptions available on the websites of six major industrial bread bakers in Lithuania and consists of more than 150 product descriptions (approx. 10,000 words). The lexical choices in these texts are evaluated by referring to the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian (tekstynas.vdu.lt) as a general reference corpus. The results show that in Lithuanian bread descriptions two text functions dominate: descriptiveness and prepared expressiveness, which further indicates that the target texts are closest to academic prose and fiction. The analysis of collocations and word frequencies supports the prevalence of features characteristic of both academic prose and fiction. This new digital genre is used by producers to disseminate and emphasise certain values and ideologies through explicit verbal references to tradition, inheritance, and continuity.
The Game-based Metaphorical Representations of the Arab Spring Revolutions in Journalistic Political Discourse
Authors: Altohami Waheed Mohammed
Published: December 2019

This paper explores how the Arab Spring Revolutions (ASRs) are metaphorically represented in journalistic discourse in a way that highlights or hides specific ideologies related to the political events and actors associated with the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions over three years (2011-2013). Drawing on Charteris-Black's (2004) corpus-based approach of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), the main political events and actors represented metaphorically in the corpus data have been identified, explained and interpreted at different levels of semantic, pragmatic and cognitive analysis. The present study has reached three major findings. First, various source domains were manipulated to report different facets of the ASRs, while the source domain of games was the most dominant. Second, the corpus proved to be textually coherent based on the conceptual key THE ARAB SPRING REVOLUTIONS ARE GAMES which was built around the image schema of competition. Finally, gamification involved three basic scenarios: the first is a general frame of a game; the second clusters games into individual versus team games, and bodily-oriented versus mentally-oriented games; the final scenario represents games as a war. All ideologically-based conceptual metaphors constructed within the frame of gamification are typically Western. Arab Spring Revolutions (ASRs), conceptual metaphor, Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), game, ideology, corpus
Language about God in Whitehead's Philosophy
Authors: Oomen Palmyre ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: December 2019

The way Whitehead speaks of God in his "philosophy of organism," and the evaluation thereof is the subject of this article. The background of this issue is the position—broadly shared in theology, and here represented by Aquinas—that one should not speak "carelessly" about God. Does Whitehead violate this rule, or does his language for God express God's otherness and relatedness to the world in a new, intriguing way? In order to answer this question, an introduction into Whitehead's philosophy is given, and especially into his category of existence, the "actual entity." For Whitehead, God is an actual entity, and so is the most trivial puff of existence. His perception of the similarity and greater dissimilarity between God and the worldly actual entities (and clusters thereof) is analyzed. In the main andfinal section of this article, these insights are used as tools to decrypt Whitehead's God-language. Here, I compare the status of Whitehead's and Aquinas's statements about God, discuss Whitehead's ideas concerning the analogical character of concrete language, and argue that in Whitehead's philosophy too there is no discourse about God without a shift or breakdown of the "ordinary" meaning of language
The Creativity that Drives the World
Authors: Adams Don ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: December 2019

This essay contends that reality is a creative evolutionary process by which the virtual is transformed into the actual and argues that our critical conception of realism in literature needs to be altered to reflect this purposive and progressive living reality in contrast to the static and dead actuality assumed by the conventional notion of realism as mimesis. Realist fiction writers who are profound creators have strategically employed metaphysically dipolar and ethically earnest literary genres in tandem with mimetic realism, resulting in complexly interactive alternative and prophetic realisms that function as catalytic agents for progressive change in our world.
Whitehead and Media Ecology
Authors: Segall Matthew T. ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: December 2019

This article brings media ecology into conversation with Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy of organism in an effort to lure the former beyond its normally anthropocentric orientation. The article is divided into two parts. Part 1 spells out the way Whitehead's approach can aid media ecology in developing a less anthropocentric theory of communication. Part 2 engages more specifically with Mark B. N. Hansen's Feed-Forward: On the Future of Twenty-First-Century Media. Hansen's work is an example of the exciting new directions opened up for media theory by Whitehead's panexperientialist ontology, but I argue that Hansen's attempt to "invert" Whitehead's theory of perception is based on a terminological confusion