bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study
Authors: Wills Nicola K. , Tavares Jared , Said-Hartley Qonita , Wasserman Sean
Published: November 2024

Background: Definition of chest X-ray (CXR) features associated with laboratory-confirmed pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-positive adults is needed to improve diagnosis in high-burden settings.Objectives: Our primary objective was to identify CXR features associated with confirmed PCP diagnosis and severe PCP (defined by hypoxia, intensive care unit referral/admission, and/or in-hospital death). We also explored the performance of logistic regression models, incorporating selected clinical and CXR predictors, for PCP diagnosis and severe PCP.Method: We conducted a case-control study involving HIV-positive adults with laboratory-confirmed PCP and a matched cohort with non-PCP respiratory presentations at regional hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa (2012–2020).Results: Records from 104 adults (52 PCP cases and 52 non-PCP controls) were included. Diffuse versus patchy ground-glass opacification was associated with increased odds of PCP diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–28.9, P = 0.01) and severe PCP (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6–14.4, P = 0.008). Consolidation was associated with severe PCP (aOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2–11.0, P = 0.03) as was increasing ground-glass zone involvement (aOR: 2.1 for each one-unit increase in involved zone; 95% CI: 1.4–3.2, P = 0.0004). Models incorporating hypoxia (hypoxia model) or tachypnoea (respiratory rate model) with diffuse ground-glass opacities, absence of pleural effusion or reticular/reticulonodular changes on CXR performed well in predicting PCP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.828 [hypoxia model] and 0.857 [respiratory rate model]).Conclusion: CXR evaluation alongside bedside clinical information offers good accuracy for discriminating definite PCP from other HIV-associated respiratory diseases.
The transition from graduate to professional: Developing a work identity
Authors: Mpangeva Lindelwa , De Braine Roslyn T.
Published: November 2024

Orientation: Each year graduates exit tertiary institutions with the intention to join the job market and get an opportunity to practice their profession.Research purpose: This study was aimed at exploring the development of a work identity during the graduate-to-professional transition in the workplace.Motivation for the study: Graduate programmes are vital to the graduate-to-professional transition, as this is when a work identity forms. During this time, graduates negotiate between identities to adjust and fit into the organisation.Research approach/design and method: This study employed the qualitative research approach using a constructivist approach. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 10 participants who had recently entered the job market. A thematic data analysis approach was employed using the data analysis software ATLAS.ti.Main findings: Graduates go through a three-phased transition during the graduate-to-professional transition. A work identity is developed as graduates get familiar with the complexities of the workplace.Practical/managerial implications: Insights into the graduate-to-professional transition as a work identity develops will enable human resource (HR) professionals to improve the recruitment process and the structure of a graduate programme. In addition, such insights will give managers an opportunity to enhance their approach to mentorship.Contribution/value-add: This study provides valuable insights for tertiary institutions and organisations to enhance the structure of developmental programmes and support to graduates. Graduates will gain insights into the workplace complexities which in turn will reduce stress and pressure.
Dietary Calcium Intake and Association with Serum Calcium in Healthy Urban North Indian Adults: The Calcium-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study
Authors: Pal Rimesh , Bhadada Sanjay K. , Aggarwal Anshita , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Data on dietary calcium intake (DCI) from healthy North Indian adults are limited. Hence, the present study aims to assess DCI in healthy community-dwelling adults residing in an affluent North Indian city and correlate with serum biochemical parameters.

Methods:

Healthy men and women were recruited from the community by door-to-door surveys. Serum total calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and iPTH were estimated. DCI was assessed by recalling the diet consumed in the previous 7 days.

Results:

A total of 291 participants were included (mean age = 39.4 ± 12.9 years). The mean (± standard deviation) and median (inter-quartile range) DCI were 392.6 ± 169.1 mg/day and 391 (274-518) mg/day, respectively. DCI was higher in men compared with women. Only 21.3% of participants had DCI more than RDA (600 mg/day). Serum calcium was found to be significantly higher across each quartile of DCI. On multiple linear regression analysis, DCI emerged as an independent positive predictor of serum total calcium.

Conclusion:

DCI is low in urban Indians. Promotion of consumption of dairy products and fortification of commonly consumed foods with calcium is needed.
The finiteness problem for groups generated by reset automata
Authors: Olukoya Feyishayo
Published: November 2024

We provide sufficient conditions for when a group generated by a strongly synchronizing automaton (generalizations of reset automata) has infinite order.
Предельная теорема о сходимости к локальному времени броуновского моста
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: November 2024

Рассматривается целочисленное случайное
блуждание $\{S_{i}, i\geqslant 0\}$ с нулевым сносом и конечной дисперсией $\sigma^{2}$. Для
случайного процесса, сопоставляющего
переменной $u\in \mathbb{R}$ число попаданий указанного блуждания
в состояние $\lfloor u\sigma\sqrt n\rfloor $ до
момента $n$ и рассматриваемого при
условии, что $S_{n}=0$, доказана функциональная предельная
теорема о его сходимости к локальному времени броуновского
моста.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by reducing spermine synthase through promoting autophagy and DNA damage
Authors: Guo Yu-Bin , Wu Yue-Ming , Lin Zhi-Zhao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, has increasingly detrimental effects on human health. Radiotherapy resistance diminishes treatment efficacy. Studies suggest that spermine synthase (SMS) may serve as a potential target to enhance the radiosensitivity.

AIM

To investigate the association between SMS and radiosensitivity in CRC cells, along with a detailed elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS

Western blot was adopted to assess SMS expression in normal colonic epithelial cells and CRC cell lines. HCT116 cells were transfected with control/SMS-specific shRNA or control/pcDNA3.1-SMS plasmids. Assessments included cell viability, colony formation, and apoptosis via MTT assays, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry. Radiosensitivity was studied in SMS-specific shRNA-transfected HCT116 cells post-4 Gy radiation, evaluating cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage (comet assays), autophagy (immunofluorescence), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway protein expression (western blot).

RESULTS

Significant up-regulation of SMS expression levels was observed in the CRC cell lines. Upon down-regulation of SMS expression, cellular viability and colony-forming ability were markedly suppressed, concomitant with a notable increase in apoptotic indices. Furthermore, attenuation of SMS expression significantly augmented the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to radiation therapy, evidenced by a pronounced elevation in levels of cellular DNA damage and autophagy. Importantly, down-regulation of SMS corresponded with a marked reduction in the expression levels of proteins associated with the mTOR signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

Knocking down SMS attenuates the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting cellular autophagy and DNA damage to enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells.
Combinations of lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors plus transarterial chemoembolization, is it the prime time for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Centrone Natalia , Serrano Uson Junior Pedro Luiz
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease and unfortunately, most patients will be diagnosed with unresectable/advanced stages and the overall prognosis is poor. For patients with initially unresectable HCC (uHCC), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was the mainstream treatment. Lately, the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenics for the treatment of metastatic disease has paved the way for significant improvements in the treatment of initially uHCC. In this editorial we will discuss an article that evaluated ICI combinations with lenvatinib and TACE for the treatment of uHCC patients, and highlight future advances in the field.
Development and Usability Evaluation of COVID-Iran: A Mobile Application for Mitigating COVID-19 Misinformation
Authors: Salari Raheleh , Fatehi Farhad , Mehdizadeh Hamed
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The spread of misinformation through the internet can lead to dangerous behavioral changes and erode trust in reliable sources, especially during public health crises like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To combat this issue, innovative strategies that leverage information technology are essential. This study focused on developing and evaluating a mobile application (app), COVID-Iran, aimed at countering COVID-19 misinformation by delivering accurate, reliable, and credible information.Methods: The development of the app involved a multi-step, user-centered approach that integrated qualitative expert consultations with quantitative survey research to pinpoint and validate key features. The app was initially prototyped using Enterprise Architect software and subsequently developed using Android Studio and MySQL. We conducted a usability evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS), where participants engaged in various tasks related to information seeking, self-assessment, and health management. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 19.Results: The findings revealed a high usability level (SUS score of 81.35), with participants reporting ease of use and learnability. The app effectively countered misinformation by providing access to trusted sources and evidence-based counterarguments. User feedback emphasized the app’s strengths in clarity, accuracy, trustworthiness, and its comprehensive approach. Plans for future improvements include the integration of artificial intelligence to deliver personalized content.Conclusions: Despite limitations such as the small sample size and potential self-selection bias, this study highlights the significant potential of mHealth apps to provide reliable health information and combat misinformation.
Service Design and Evaluation of OpenNotes for Craniofacial Deformity Management in Patients and their Caregivers
Authors: Kim Hana , Lee Jisan , Kim Sukwha , Kim Deok-Yeol
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing OpenNotes in Korea. It involved developing and evaluating the Open-CHA service, which provides clinical summary information to patients diagnosed with craniofacial deformities and their caregivers following outpatient visits.Methods: The study included 109 patients diagnosed with craniofacial deformities, along with their caregivers. The Open-CHA service was developed by referencing OpenNotes and involved a user needs assessment, a pilot test, and an evaluation of its effectiveness. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the paired t-test.Results: Short message service templates for the Open-CHA service based on a user needs assessment conducted with patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. These templates were refined and improved following a pilot test. After the implementation of the Open-CHA service, most participants evaluated OpenNotes positively. Additionally, there were observed increases in health knowledge and efficacy in patient-physician interactions. A statistically significant improvement in mobile health literacy was also confirmed.Conclusions: The implementation of the Open-CHA service significantly enhanced mobile health literacy among patients with craniofacial deformities and their caregivers, indicating positive outcomes for the potential adoption of OpenNotes in Korea. This suggests that introducing OpenNotes into the Korean healthcare system is appropriate.
Aluminum Sheet, Laminated, Surface Bonded
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers aluminum and aluminum alloy foil in the form of laminated sheet (see 8.6).
Growth performance of three fishes as compared between monoculture and polyculture rearing systems under high-altitude conditions in Rwanda
Authors: Mwimba R. , Rukera-Tabaro S. , Mandiki S.N.M.
Published: November 2024

A 240-day experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance of common carp, Nile tilapia, and African catfish reared in monoculture and polyculture conditions at the Rwasave Fish Farming and Research Station, Rwanda. Fish juveniles of 67.00±1.90, 50.00±2.10 and 10.00±1.10 g respectively for common carp, Nile tilapia, and African catfish were randomly distributed and stocked at 400 fish per pond of 200 m2. Seven experimental variants were undertaken as follows: T1, carp monoculture: T2, tilapia monoculture: T3, catfish monoculture: T4, carp-tilapia polyculture: T5, carp-catfish polyculture: T6, tilapia-catfish polyculture: T7, carp-tilapia-catfish polyculture. The total weight gain (TWG), daily weight gain (DWG), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), coefficient of condition (Km) was calculated during the experimental period. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Globally, treatment groups in the polyculture showed higher TWG, DWG, RGR, SGR but not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05) from the monoculture groups. Nevertheless, T7 had higher TWG, DWG, RGR, SGR followed by T6 and T4. The African catfish followed by the common carp demonstrated a better growth performance than the Nile tilapia in T1, T3, T4, T6, T7. SGR and RGR for the African catfish in monoculture and polyculture groups were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from the common carp and the Nile tilapia. The African catfish and the common carp suit to low temperature conditions of high altitude of Rwanda. The polyculture of carp-tilapia-catfish, tilapia-catfish and carp-tilapia can be recommended in the Rwandan aquaculture industry.
Assessment of potentially toxic metals and physico-chemical properties of soils of a Sandstone landscape in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ofem K.I. , Eyibio N. , Udosen C.I. , Abam P.O.
Published: November 2024

The presence of metals in concentrations that exceed safe thresholds have the capacity to endanger food production and human health security through bioaccumulation in animals and plants. The antagonistic effects of the potentially toxic metals (PTMs) may potentially cause a decline in soil fertility which eventually results in crop growth decline, impaired development and decreased productivity. This study seeks to evaluate the concentration of PTMs in soils of sandstone origin in a tropical rainforest in Cross River State, Nigeria. A profile pit was sunk in each of crest, middle slope and valley-bottom along a landscape in the Agoi Ibami-Mfamosing area. The landscape extended from the Agoi Ibami area to Mfamosing. Soil samples were collected and subjected to physico-chemical analyses and heavy metals extraction by aqua regia mixture of 3 parts of HCl and 1 part of HNO3. The extract was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical electron spectroscopy (model iCAP 7000). The particle sizes were dominated by sand with amounts exceeding 600 g kg-1, while bulk density was lower than 1.6 Mg m-3 and soil pH ranged from strongly acid to neutral (5.3-7.2) across all sampled locations. Amongst the potentially toxic metals studied, arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were reported in the study area, however, only Be (1.85-4.16 mg kg-1), Cd (0.21-1.88 mg kg-1) and Sb (1.87-4.48 mg kg-1) exceeded the required threshold across the entire study area. Lead concentration was found to exceed the required threshold only in Agoi Ibami. Hence, Be, Cd, Sb and Pb are most likely to be a threat to the activities of micro and macro fauna and flora in the area. There is therefore the need to embark on a full-scale evaluation with larger sample size to ascertain the status of potentially toxic metals’ concentration in the Cross River State tropical rainforest soils.
An analysis of panel data on unemployment and labor force participation rates in Sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Musa Yakubu , Audu Ahmed , Junaidu Yusuf
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the correlation between unemployment rates and rates of participation in the labor force in 46 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa over a span of 32 years, from 1991 to 2023. The data used for this analysis is sourced from an online database. Both the Kao and Pedroni panel cointegration tests produce statistically significant findings, suggesting a robust long-term association between the two variables. The Johansen cointegration test provides further validation for these findings, enhancing their robustness. Granger causality studies indicate that there is a one-way causal relationship from labor force participation rates to unemployment. This suggests that changes in labor force participation have an impact on the levels of unemployment. Using a fixed effect model, we see notable coefficients for both male and female labor force participation rates, indicating their adverse effect on unemployment rates. The analysis highlights the crucial influence of labor force participation on unemployment rates in Sub-Saharan African nations. The study's findings offer significant direction for policymakers and researchers to develop focused interventions aimed at improving labor force participation and addressing unemployment concerns in the region.
The Influence of selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus grown on biochar amended soil
Authors: Archibong A. E. , Okon O. G. , Udoh L. I. , Nyong, I. A.
Published: November 2024

The composition of active compounds in medicinal plants is mostly influenced by their growth period and factors that either facilitate or mar their growth. This study assessed the growth of Curcuma longa (Tumeric) and Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) inoculated with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis) and grown in soil augmented with biochar. The physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. Standard methods were used to measure the growth parameters of both plants and mycorrhizal colonization assessment was examined using standard methods. The physicochemical properties of the soil used were: light intensity (5.00) and pH (7.00). For growth parameters, C. longa responded better to AMF inoculation and biochar application for shoot length and leaf area (17.70±0.56cm; 230.00±6.56 cm2) than C. citratus (16.30±0.00cm; 53.23±4.28 cm2). The number of leaves on C. citratus was higher (68.00±0.00) when compared to C. longa (9.33±0.67). For total photosynthetic Pigment (TPP), C. longa inoculated with F. mosseae recorded (62.60±18.58mg/kg) and C. citratus inoculated with a combination of R. irregularis + biochar recorded (64.57±1.87mg/kg). For total fresh weight; C. longa inoculated with F. mosseae yielded 259.03±1.64g compared to C. citratus, treated with R. irregularis + F. mosseae + biochar (189.63±0.49g). For mycorrhizal colonization percentage, C. longa inoculated with a combination of R. irregularis, F. mosseae and biochar recorded the highest AMF colonization (56.60%) when compared to C. citratus inoculated with F. mosseae (4.85%). The increase in growth observed in both plants could influence their significance and use in pharmaceutical, herbal and food industries. Inoculation of aromatic and medicinal plants with AMF species and soil amended with biochar can contribute positively to increase its medicinal value and potency for human use.
Examining the bacteriological quality of sachet water commonly sold in Oye-Ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Adesemoye E.T. , Dauda B.A. , Afolabi D.O. , Orelaja F.A. , Ukhureigbe O. M. , Lawal I.A. , Eikigbe C.S.
Published: November 2024

Sachet water has become a popular substitute for the inadequate supply of portable water because of its availability, accessibility and affordability. In Nigeria, sales and consumption of sachet water are on the increase, and its potability is crucial for the general public's health. This study assessed the microbiological quality of sachet water sold in Oye-Ekiti Local Government Area (LGA). Sixteen (16) samples of sachet water were obtained from four different brands (A, B, C, and D) from various vendors in Oye-Ekiti LGA, while the control samples were obtained from the water production factories. The samples were subjected to microbial analysis using Nutrient agar (NA), MacConkey agar (Mac) and Eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB) as culture media. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from a total of 1,304 Federal University Oye-Ekiti students using online Google form. The bacteria isolated from the samples were characterized and identified as Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, and Escherichia coli with colony forming units (cfu) ranging from 1.6 × 101 to > 3.5× 103 cfu/ml and coliform count ranging from 0 to 9.2 × 102 cfu/ml. Sample D had the lowest of bacterial load, hence, safe to drink. More than 55% of the students consume sachet water and fifteen percent of them consume sample A which has the highest bacteria load, while only 9% drink sample D. The results obtained showed the importance of conducting routine monitoring and quality control procedures to ensure the microbiological safety of sachet water products.
Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Cassava Production in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo State
Authors: Oluwafolakemi Ayo Olaniyan
Published: November 2024

This study focused on the effect of farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies on cassava production in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo State. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected through a well-structured and validated questionnaire and analysed using percentages and mean statistics. Findings from the study revealed that the major climate change events noticed in the study area were high temperature (96.7%), high humidity (86.7%) and reduction in rainfall days (83.3%). Similarly, reduced use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides ( =2.50) and planting different cassava varieties ( =2.23) were the major adaptation strategies used by the cassava farmers. Farming experience (97.5%) and wealth (96.7%) were the major factors that determined farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. Consequently, the respondents strongly agreed that their adaptation strategies have led to the timely harvest of their cassava, ( =4.53). Furthermore, a significant relationship existed between the adaptation strategies employed by the farmers and cassava production (r= 0.46, p<0.01). The study concluded that the adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers impacted cassava production. It was recommended that the climate adaptation strategies identified should be harnessed by relevant stakeholders to mitigate the effect of climate change on cassava production.
Perceived Influence of Locust Beans Processing on the Income of Rural Women in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi Idowu Israel , Babalola Towobola Afusat , Ayanda Ibrahim Folorunsho
Published: November 2024

One of the biggest challenges in using African locus beans is the processing method, depriving many rural women of the opportunity to earn daily income. However, this study was conducted to determine the perceived impact of African locust bean processing on rural women's income in Asa and Ilorin East Local Government Areas. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 300 respondents. Primary data was collected using a structured interview schedule. The results showed that the majority of the respondents (71.2%) use traditional methods to process African locust beans. There was a positive and significant (p<0.05) relationship between earned income, perceived limitations and impact of African locust bean processing on rural women. Inadequate technical know-how (63.84%), low demand for African locust beans (62.32%), high cost of African locust beans seeds (23.56%), and high loan interest rate (16.34%) were found to be the main limitations in African locust beans processing. It was concluded that African locust bean processing has the potential to improve the economic situation of processors.
Participation of Rice Farmers in Research Outputs Dissemination Activities in Katcha Local Government Area, Niger State
Authors: Chete Ouwatoyin Bukola , Adekunle Oluwasegun Adetokunbo
Published: November 2024

The study examined the level of rice farmers’ participation in extension activities for disseminating research outputs, analysed perceptions of the relevance and effectiveness of research outputs disseminated, and identified constraints to the dissemination of research outputs by farmers. Quantitative data were obtained from 111 rice farmers through a multistage sampling procedure. Correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between constraints to dissemination and participation in research output dissemination. The results revealed that for relevance, the response with the highest mean was “addresses specific challenges” ( =2.17±0.96). For effectiveness, the highest mean was recorded by “improved understanding of soil fertility and nutrient management” ( =2.24±1.02). Respondents mostly participated in training (  =3.94) and group meetings (  =3.87). The main constraints to dissemination were low motivation (  =3.73) and poor communication of extension programme time (  =3.73). Low motivation (r = −0.96, p = 0.00) and inadequate number of farmers as extension agents (r = −0.14, p = 0.04) had a negative significant relationship with participation. The study recommended the decentralization of extension programmes to communities to enhance farmers’ participation.
Role of Persuasive Language in Shaping Voter Perception: A Comparative Analysis of John Dramani Mahama and Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo's Campaign Speeches in the 2012 Presidential Elections in Ghana.
Authors: Naaikuur Lawrence , Akapule Samuel
Published: November 2024

This study explored the use of persuasive language in the political campaign messages of John Dramani Mahama and Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo during the 2012 presidential elections in Ghana. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis of campaign speeches reported in one of the leading Ghanaian newspapers, the Daily Graphic, the research identified the rhetorical strategies employed by both candidates to sway voter behavior. The analysis, guided by Robert Cialdini’s principles of influence and Marwell and Schmitt’s compliance-gaining strategies, revealed that both Mahama and Akufo-Addo extensively used promises, appeals, authority, and positive altercasting to connect with voters, establish credibility, and present themselves as the most capable candidates for the presidency. These strategies were crafted to resonate with the electorate’s concerns and aspirations, thereby shaping the electoral narratives. While the study provides valuable insights into the role of language in Ghanaian political campaigns, the findings underscore the significance of rhetorical strategies in political communication and their impact on electoral outcomes, offering implications for future research on political discourse in similar democratic contexts.
Impact of Landuse change on Urban Thermal Variance in Umuahia Urban, Nigeria: a Remote Sensing-based Approach
Authors: Ike Felix , Nkemdirim Victor U , Eneogwe Innocent, C
Published: November 2024

Urbanization is directly related to changes in land surface temperature (LST). However, little is known about the spatial and temporal impact of urbanization on Urban Thermal Variance (UTV) in Umuahia. To this end, we quantified the spatiotemporal associations of UTV intensity between 1986 and 2017. We calculated LST change by using a land-use change map and computed the level of vegetation coverage based on the Normalized Diﬀerence Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). In so doing, we could determine the ecological index from multi-temporal Landsat data. Results showed that, at the expense of other types of land cover, the built-up portions of the study area were progressively increasing in surface area with a concomitant increase in temperature. The transfer matrix developed in this study reveals that within the 31-year period there was a transformation of about 59.88% and 8.23% from vegetation and bareland, respectively, to built-up cover. The spatio-temporal distribution of surface temperature showed that the built-up areas recorded the highest annual mean temperatures of 21.50oC in 1986, 22.20oC in 2001, and 26.01oC in 2017. Results of the UTFVI showed that more areas were undergoing deteriorating ecological change and imbalances, thus leading to an increase in the area affected by the strong heat island phenomenon, which accounted for 0.065% of the total study area in 1986, 1.02% in 2000, and 32.91% in 2017. We concluded that urbanization has increased the overall surface temperature of the city. However, owing to the re-location of the city’s main market, there has been a decline in UTFV in the vicinity of the city centre. The research findings indicate that the implementations of effective plans to mitigate the heat island effects are imperative for the promotion of sustainable urban development.
Evaluation of effectiveness of foliar application of urea fertilizer on growth, development and yield of BRRI Dhan 84 in barind tract, Bangladesh
Authors: Monira Most. Serajam , Hoque Md. Aminul , Haider Md. Ali , Uddin Md. Mejbah
Published: November 2024

As a component of enzymes, hormones, amino acids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, and chlorophyll, nitrogen is a vitally important nutrient for plants. It encourages quick plant growth and enhances grain quality and production through increased protein synthesis, tillering, leaf area development, grain formation and filling. Urea is one of the greatest and popular sources of nitrogen. Rice production is hampered when nitrogen fertilizer, particularly urea, is unavailable during crucial times (flood, sowing season, drought). Studies in different literature have shown that applying nitrogen fertilizer as foliar application in addition to the soil application increases its efficiency. A study was carried out to observe the theme “Evaluation of effectiveness of foliar application of urea fertilizer on growth, development and yield of BRRI Dhan 84 in Rajshahi region’’ in the field of Agronomy and Agricultural extension Department Field, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2023-April 2024. Six different percentage of urea as foliar application with BRRI Dhan-84 rice variety were used for this study. 1. T1= N0% Control, 2. T2= 65% of recommended dose (N 50% as SA + 15% as FA), 3. T3= 70% of recommended dose (N50% as SA + 20% as FA), 4. T4= 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA + 25 % as FA), 5. T5= 80% of recommended dose (N60% as SA + 20% as FA), 6. T6= N100% Soil application (Traditional practice). A randomized complete block design with three replications was applied in this study. Almost all the parameters under this study showed significant results of foliar application of urea. Treatment T4 showed the highest result of phenological and growth parameters than the traditional practice and T1 (control) the lowest. Foliar fertilizer improves crop quality, regulate nutrient deficiencies. It is a fertilizer saving and an economical technique than others. This study adds to the body of knowledge by providing actual data on the dynamics of rice production's profitability, productivity and fertilizer saving.
Virtual Doctor: Enhancing Global Healthcare Accessibility through Image Classification
Authors: Porwal Vansh , Vedula Sai Sarvanth , Agarwal Taruna , Leddo John , Agarwal Dev , Ramineni Ishwarya , Kodali Dhanvi , Sajjad Aryan , Sajjad Arsal , Subash Bhargav , Bahl Samir , Ravi Deepika , Cherukuwada Dharana , O’Brien Collin , Jain Sambhav , Kim Michelle , Tripathy Krish , Illapakurthy Avyan , Illapakurthy Arnav , Park Ryan , Malik Yousef , Thumma Prardhana Joy , Sambhuni Sreeja , Dokku Eshwar Sai , Vassam Yudhir , Dotiwalla Krisha , Jin Ryan , Rangareddyvari Veda , Vandanapu Sanvi , Gabrial Helena , Rallabandi Dheenav , Mupparaju Varsha , Aitharaju Aadiv , Yelimati Srikaran , Zhang Zhiqing , Bachala Jishnu , Shrivastava Dhruv , Nam David , Verma Shreyas , Udupa Vihaan , Pahuja Aarmaan , Kadasani Sarayu , Jha Shourya
Published: November 2024

Virtual Doctor aims to make healthcare more available worldwide by using image classification to detect diseases from pictures. Virtual Doctor represents a ground-breaking initiative aimed at transforming health assessments worldwide, particularly in areas where healthcare resources are scarce. Utilizing a sophisticated machine learning model, this platform allows users to perform real-time health evaluations by simply capturing images using a smartphone or other camera-equipped mobile devices. Virtual Doctor empowers individuals to conduct selfassessments and receive immediate feedback on their health, facilitating early detection and preventive care. This innovative approach not only educates users about proper hygiene practices but also significantly enhances access to healthcare services. By simplifying the process of health monitoring, Virtual Doctor seeks to improve overall health outcomes in underserved populations. This report will focus on the Dental Health module of the platform, illustrating how the underlying technology can be adapted to other health domains such as facial health, each tailored to meet specific diagnostic needs.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONFIGURATION OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANTS UP TO 10 MW
Authors:   Sage Solutions d.o.o. Srbija, Tatalović Sima , Jovičić Milan ,   Sage Solutions d.o.o. Srbija, Vuković Uroš ,   Kodar Energomontaža d.o.o., Srbija
Published: November 2024

Subject of this research paper is the optimization of the configuration of solar power plants on the ground, through the analysis of the technical and economic parameters of the power plant, varying the technical and technological solutions of energy equipment depending on the available space, the approved power at the point of connection into the system and the desired investment goals. The first case study included an analysis by varying the type of solar panels and the spacing between the rows for the scenario when the approved power of the plant exceeds the capabilities of the available land. The second case study considered a number of different options for choosing the power equipment of MV/LV transformer stations, the power and voltage level of the inverter, within which a financial comparison was made in order to find the optimal solution. Additional case was considered when a power plant with an installed power greater than the approved one can be placed on the available land while limiting the output power in the summer months is applied. Through strategic decision-making based on key indicators and the basic techno-economic analysis processed in this paper with the presented conclusions, investors and designers can optimize energy production, investments and profits, and at the same time encourage sustainable growth in the renewable energy sector.
VERIFICATION OF REQUEST FOR CONNECTION OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCER, MODULE OF GROUP "B" OF THE POWER PARK TO THE POWER GRID, DEFINED BY THE NETWORK CODE OF THE INDEPENDENT SYSTEM OPERATOR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA-ISOBIH
Authors:   , Javno preduzeće Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine d.d - Sarajevo, Tuhčić Almir , Hukić Eldar ,   Regulatorna komisija za energiju u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine, Mahmutović Sulejman ,   MS Power d.o.o. Ilidža, Sarajevo
Published: November 2024

Analysis of the impact and definition of the technical conditions for the connection of electricity producer for the module group "B" of the power park to the power grid, with a maximum power of up to 10 MW, where the connection point is below 110 kV directly to the TS 110/x kV busbars. Production modules must meet the requirements defined by the Network Code of the Independent System Operator in Bosnia and HerzegovinaISOB&H. In terms of stability, production modules must meet the requirements of the ability to pass through a fault condition (Fault ride through - FRT), i.e. they must be able to remain online during the occurrence of a fault in the transmission network and continue stable operation after the faults have been removed. Fault ride through - FRT curve expresses the lower limit of the value of the line voltages at the connection point as a function of time before, during and after the fault (symmetrical and asymmetric). The investor is obliged to, during the construction of a photovoltaic power plant/park of photovoltaic power plants, for which it is necessary to perform an analysis of system dynamics in the connection study, acquire and install inverters of such technical characteristics that will be able to meet the conditions of passing through the fault state (Fault ride through - FRT) and which will be able to provide reactive power in the range of 0.33 Q/Pmax, both inductive and capacitive, at maximum active power.
THE POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY IN SERBIA: PROCEDURES AND PROCESSES IN THE PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION USING SOLAR ENERGY IN LINE WITH THE BUSINESS MODULE (ESG)
Authors:   Leverage plus doo, Beograd, Mijović Sanja , Kujović Slobodan ,   KADIS Inženjering doo, Beograd, Mijović Marija ,   KADIS Inženjering doo, Beograd
Published: November 2024

One of the most significant global challenges of the 21st century is climate change and environmental pollution. Numerous floods, droughts, heatwaves, hurricanes, and fires have convinced us of this. The seriousness of the problem is recognized worldwide. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), energy usage has a dominant share in the total greenhouse gas emissions, making changes directly related to energy production and the necessary reduction in the use of fossil fuels. After the signing of the Paris Agreement, the world intensified its battle against climate change, aiming to limit global warming to 2°C or preferably 1.5°C compared to the preindustrial period. Renewable energy sources are recognized as a key solution, with solar systems standing out for their practical application. The use of energy from renewable sources is in the public interest of the Republic of Serbia and holds special significance for Serbia. The aim of this work is to provide practical information on the application of solar systems. The first part presents basic information about solar energy and the most commonly used technologies. The second part introduces the potential of solar energy in Serbia. Assessing the potential of solar energy in Serbia involves preliminary research using open satellite and geospatial data, processed in geographic information systems. In the third part of the paper, a brief overview is provided of the necessary steps, challenges, and procedures in the process of preparing, negotiating necessary documentation, constructing, and commissioning solar systems with consideration and integration of ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) as a business module that respects environmental protection and corporate and social responsibility.
EXAMPLE OF QUICK SANATION OF LOW VOLTAGE CONDITIONS AT THE ENDS OF ADJACENT LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS BY CONNECTING INTO A DOUBLE-SIDED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Authors: Popović Josip , Popović Zvonimir ,   HEP ODS d.o.o. Elektra Bjelovar, Hrvatska, Ćulibrk Dejan ,   HEP ODS d.o.o. Elektra Bjelovar, Hrvatska
Published: November 2024

The paper presents a simple approach to sanation of the bad voltage conditions at the ends of adjacent overhead low-voltage networks in places where the technical conditions for the parallel connection of two transformers are met, so that the ends of these networks are connected in a double-sided power supply system.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF MEASURES FOR REDUCING LOSSES IN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITHIN THE TRANSITION TO A SUSTAINABLE ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia, Mijailović Vladica , Ranković Aleksandar ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia
Published: November 2024

This paper provides an overview of the economic effects of measures that have been implemented to varying degrees in developed countries worldwide, resulting in a significant reduction of losses in the electrical distribution network. The following measures have been analyzed: - Implementation of smart electricity meters, - Replacement of existing distribution transformers with units featuring amorphous cores, - Reducing the loads of distribution transformers by installing units of higher rated power, - Increasing the cross-sectional area of existing conductors, - Shortening low-voltage feeders by increasing the length of the medium-voltage feeders and shifting the supplying substation towards the middle of the feeder, - Change in the configuration from the current "one substation-multiple feeders" power supply concept to the "one substation-one feeder" power supply concept. The results of the performed analyses indicate that the implementation of these measures in our country is absolutely justified.
DETERMINING THE UNCERTAINTY OF LOSSES AND VOLTAGE PROFILE OF THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH AND WITHOUT DISTRIBUTED GENERATION USING FUZZY ARITHMETIC
Authors:   University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering: Nis, RS, Krstić Nikola , Tasić Dragan ,   University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic Engineering: Nis, RS
Published: November 2024

In this paper, using fuzzy arithmetic, the uncertainty of the losses and voltage profile of the distribution network with and without distributed generation is determined considering the uncertainty of electrical parameters of the sections and injected powers in the nodes of the distribution network. The uncertainty of parameters and injected powers of the distributed network is included by representing these quantities with appropriate fuzzy numbers. Arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers required for power flow calculation and determination of losses and voltage profile of the network are achieved using the α-cut method. The implementation of the α-cut method in performing the basic arithmetic operations of two triangular fuzzy numbers is explained in detail. In order to determine the expected, deterministic value for losses and voltage profile of the distribution network, their defuzzification is performed using the center of area and the center of gravity methods. Location and the required power of distributed generation is determined by the metaheuristic optimization method of genetic algorithm in order to minimize losses and improve voltage profile of the distribution network. The results are obtained for different levels of uncertainty of input parameters of the distribution network (electric parameters and injected powers) with and without distributed generation.
APPLICATION OF BATTERY ELECTRICITY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK UNDER RECONFIGURATION AND CAPACITOR SWITCHING
Authors:   Tehnički opitni centar, Srbija, Stojanović Branko , Rajić Tomislav ,   University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering: Belgrade, RS, Šošić Darko ,   University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering: Belgrade, RS
Published: November 2024

Battery electricity storage systems (BESS) find their application more frequently in present distribution networks because of intermittent penetration of solar cells and wind farms (distributed generation, DG). When consumption is lower than production BESS charge and discharge otherwise. In night hours and when there is no wind BESS can produce elecricity instead of renewables. They can be also used for peak “shaving“. Their wrong placement can produce overvoltage, undervoltage, increased branch currents and reverse power flow. In underdone analyses BESS and DG are present from the very start, in initial configuration of 118 node, 132 branch analyzed network (of 15 tie switches). Then reconfiguration is performed by minimum spanning tree (MST), Kruskal algorithm, followed by capacitor switching by simulated annealing (SA). Objective function for each hour is minimized consisting of capacitors cost, price of active power losses and undelivered electric energy while period of analysis is of 1008 hour duration. After first phase when capacitors “slide“ to the nodes, each hour, they are assigned to fixed mostly visited nodes, and fixed capacity that is more realistic. To comply technically regarding voltage gap and input power factor value On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) is slack node placed and compensation is undertaken. The end of calculation is lump objective function comprising of cost of capacitors, price of delivered and undelivered electric energy, peak power loss, cost of BESS charge and discharge and commutations. Only characteristic scenarios of them all, are paper presented. The most feasible scenarios show that BESS although bringing technical advantages are financially more costly than when they are not used.
Rapid Decarbonization Roadmap for India Based on Photovoltaic Systems
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, SHANKAR DEV Om , BATAS BJELIC Ilija ,   Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia, SINGH Rhythm ,   Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Published: November 2024

According to the Paris Agreement signed by national leaders, the rapid decarbonization roadmap is critical for many citizens worldwide. The burden of saving the climate at acceptable levels urges national energy planning activities accordingly. Currently, India has a fossil fuel dominated power system with a rapid increase in renewable energy installations, namely photovoltaic, in the amount of 10 GW per year. India aims to reach 500 GW of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. This is a very ambitious target, which would require appropriate planning studies for judicious integration and optimal management of the system. Using Energy PLAN (advanced energy system analysis computer model), the authors created various scenarios involving the integration of the above-mentioned renewable energy based capacities into India’s power system. It will provide key insights into the effects of certain policies and scenarios on the future overall energy balance, as well as the environmental (namely CO2 emissions) and social impact, thus enabling more effective policymaking in this key dimension.