bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis to Replace Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger with a Hydraulic Liner Hanger on 11 ¾’’ Section in Mexico Exploration Land Project
Authors: Benitez U. , Peralta J. , Vidal M. , Ivanov R. , Oyatomari C. , May J. , Cruz A. , Presniakov M.
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the feasibility to replace an Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger with a Hydraulic Liner Hanger on 11 ¾’’ Section in Mexico Exploration Land Project from a collapse point of view that is the main driver that leads the decision criteria to use one option or another.

The analysis was performed taking into consideration data of 10 wells from Mexico exploration land project constructed between 2019 – 2023 with an 11 ¾’’ section, this data was ingested into a casing design and analysis software to determine the generalized maximum allowable mud drop level that maintains a collapse DF over 1.10 all times on 11 ¾’’ LH while drilling next section, in addition maximum mud drop level registered on 11 ¾’’ next section of the 10 well was extracted from data and compared with generalized maximum allowable mud drop level to find a mud column margin where mud column level could safely move before reducing collapse DF to less than 1.10, allowing in this way to evaluate LH collapse risk and with that plus a collapse risk prevention and mitigation measures be able to evaluate feasibility to replace Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger with a Hydraulic Liner Hanger on 11 ¾’’ Section in Mexico Exploration Land Project.

The key findings understood after this analysis and which supports the idea of feasibility to replace Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger with a Hydraulic Liner Hanger on 11 ¾’’ section is that even considering the geologic uncertainty related to exploration projects the maximum mud drop level registered on 11 ¾’’ next section was around 350 m on the 10 wells analyzed, considering this number and comparing it with the generalized maximum allowable mud drop level that maintains a collapse DF of 1.10 all times on 11 ¾’’ LH while drilling next section on the 10 wells analyzed which is around 1400 m, it gives around 1000 m of mud column margin between the actual maximum mud drop level measured and the needed mud drop level to enter in a collapse situation on the wells analyzed.

This analysis is helpful for operators in case there are no available Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger in the region, there are no Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger compatible with the casing type or for a service provider company with no Expandable High Collapse Liner Hanger technology.
The Role of Geomechanics Behaviors on Wellbore Collapse and Sanding Prediction in Gas Reservoir
Authors: Wang Yarlong
Published: October 2024

Critical plastic strain and stress at a wellbore wall are identified and commonly utilized in sanding and wellbore collapsing pressure prediction. Extensive experimental testing results suggest that the critical pressures of wellbore collapsing and sanding onset calculated based on statically determined stresses, however, generate large margin when compared to the testing results. These existing models may suffer various shortcoming and an accurate prediction on sanding or wellbore collapsing pressure may require a model which reflects the fundamental behavior. An elasto-plastic model with non-associated plastic flow and stress or strain-dependent failure/sanding criteria are re-visited, simplified analytical solutions of stresses, strain and critical pressure, solution procedure for sanding by incorporating all these fundamental mechanical behavior are developed. A critical effective plastic strain model is utilized and CEPS subject to different external/internal loading are calculated and validated against hollow cylinder testing results. Analytical solutions with nonlinear and linear yielding criteria are applied. These simulating results are compared to those results of THC tests and a geomechanical model with consideration of stress-deformation rather than with stress only is recommended for wellbore collapse and sand predictions.
Enhancing Drilling Response Using Performance-Based Model in Selecting PDC Bits Leads to Significant Progress in the Drilling of Sannan Field, Western Desert Egypt
Authors: Hegab Hesham , Abdelgawad Ahmed , Samy Ahmed , Mohamed Hussien , Mohamed Abdalla
Published: October 2024

Drilling in the Western Desert presents significant challenges, necessitating optimization across various aspects of drilling operations. Key factors include the selection and configuration of the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA), the choice between Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS) and motor assemblies, drilling fluids, flow rates, and the optimization of operational parameters such as Weight on Bit (WOB) and Rotations per Minute (RPM). Additionally, minimizing vibration is crucial to enhance Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE), improve Rate of Penetration (ROP), and ensure safe drilling of each interval with maximum possible ROP to reduce overall drilling costs. Bit selection optimization plays a critical role in reducing the cost per meter, thereby decreasing the total well cost. The chosen bit significantly influences the achieved ROP and must be durable enough to complete the section effectively. Furthermore, the bit must be compatible with the directional drive system to ensure stability and minimize vibrations. The introduction of new technology bits through a performance-based model has been pivotal in optimizing drilling efficiency and reducing costs. Historically, GPC had relied on the lowest-priced bits, often neglecting their performance capabilities. However, a new approach has been implemented, focusing on performance-based models that utilize advanced technology such as standard and shaped cutters, and innovative bit designs. This shift has led to substantial cost savings by improving ROP and enhancing bit durability. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in drilling time, with savings amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars per well for both Egypt and GPC. This improvement reflects the effectiveness of the new bit selection strategy and its impact on drilling performance.
Sustainable Water Sourcing and Treatment Methods for Water Injection Projects Using Shallow Aquifer
Authors: Askar Mohamed Mostafa , Abdallah Ahmed Mohamed , Ramadan Amr Ibrahim , Esmail Mohamed Abdulmageed
Published: October 2024

Reservoir supporting by water injection is a mandatory aspect in aged depleted fields; however, securing a sustainable water source with low treatment expenditures is still a challenge for the operating companies. Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO) firstly had implemented water injection by seawater in the study oil-producing field. Then field requirements and conditions changed: which led to utilizing a shallow water aquifer in supporting the depleted reservoir blocks.

GUPCO has been producing this aquifer water for 26 years securing the field water injection needs, till the field cumulative production has already surpassed one Billion Barrel Oil. Before field implementation, several compatibility tests, field studies, and scale tendency calculations had been performed to confirm the benefit of using the aquifer water over GoS (Gulf of Suez) seawater. The Aquifer formation water has less tendency to form sulfate hard scales due to its low content of sulfate ions compared with seawater. De-sulfonation of injection water was omitted due to its higher Capex and Opex expenditures.

The application of seawater injection had been already implemented and it dedicated higher costs to meet the required injection criteria. Therefore, the aquifer water was extracted via offshore production wells. These offshore Water Source Wells (WSWs) were completed with Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs); additionally, screens with gravel pack completions were implemented for sand control. Studies figured out that produced water may not receive any surface treatment or filtration and it can be directly distributed to injector wells. However, the aquifer water contains high concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide; therefore, the deposition of carbonate scales was predicted in the study phase and confirmed in the operation phase. The great advantage of the ground water aquifer is that there is no need to lay down a subsea pipeline from any onshore facility and all the pipelines between offshore platforms are short with an affordable cost. Generally, this aquifer water can be generalized and used as a good alternative of seawater for water injection projects in Gulf of Suez area.

This paper will address the successful application of GUPCO for this unique water injection system and the encountered challenges and drawbacks to achieve maximum field efficiency. The paper will also compare the actual case studies and field applications of implementing seawater and aquifer water in water injection fields. The comparison will include reservoir souring, scale deposition, operational efficiency, and implementation challenges.
Unlocking East Nile Delta's Opportunities using Improved Seismic Acquisition and Advanced Imaging
Authors: Baptiste D. , Attya M. , Hassan M. G , Mahmoud M. , Rashidy M.
Published: October 2024

The East Nile Delta, offshore Egypt, is a challenging area for seismic imaging due to the presence of substantial velocity heterogeneity created by the complex Messinian evaporites geometries and overlaying syn-depositional Plio-Pliestocene fault structures. The Atoll field located offshore in the East of Nile Delta basin, is very promising for hydrocarbon exploration and production, where multiple levels of reservoirs lie beneath the producing gas field. Existing towed streamer (TS) seismic data has been pushed to its technical limit but remains insufficient for adequate representation of the subsurface. A step change in imaging was required to unlock and de-risk this opportunity. Therefore, advanced acquisition, processing, and velocity modeling building techniques are employed to improve the resolution of the reservoirs by increasing the signal to noise, expanding the bandwidth, improve illumination, accurate amplitude versus offset (AVO), and robust velocity models. Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) acquisition followed by advanced processing in areas with similar subsurface challenges has shown that a step change in imaging can be achievable (Kommedal et al., 2013).

Acquisition of the Atoll Ocean bottom node (OBN) survey was a first for the Nile Delta and the design allowed for a dense grid of shots with full azimuthal and long offset coverage. The OBN survey also enabled a robust pre-processing workflow and subsurface velocity model to be created. The model building workflow consisted of innovative techniques with Time lag full waveform inversion (FWI) being the primary tool. To address subsurface complexities, an elastic full waveform inversion (QFWI) and density inversion were introduced which allowed for the velocity model to be more accurately inverted up to 40Hz. Having an accurate velocity model has resulted in final migrated images showing improved resolution and a significant uplift over previous towed streamer volumes. Further improvement was achieved by utilizing the velocity to generate an FWI derived reflectivity (FDR) image. This was seen to provide additional uplift especially in areas where illumination challenges still exist resulting in improved resolution and amplitude without compromising signal-to-noise ratio. Criteria for the post migration sequence was to ensure true primary amplitudes were preserved and AVO matched well synthetics. Results from the OBN acquisition and imaging project have provided a significantly improved image over the Atoll field, suitable for forthcoming exploration and appraisal activities.
First Integrated Operation in the MENA Region Using a New Jet Pump Design for Improving the Acquisition of Dynamic & Static Data in Wells Producing Under High Volumes of Water
Authors: Pabón A. G. , Izquierdo A. F. , Soto J. C.
Published: October 2024

Water is a non-valuable fluid that originates from the reservoir, increasing production cost for field operators, particularly in terms of final disposal and dehydration systems. This paper presents a service design aimed at addressing critical questions such as: where, how much, and what is coming from the reservoir. The service enables field operators to monitor the fluid profile of the well and make informed decisions to enhance productivity. Additionally, the paper introduces a new jet pump design and outlines the planning stages for further optimization of the service. It also highlights the high performance of the jet pump, achieving the maximum flow rate, which is crucial for obtaining high-quality data under the dynamic condition of the well. Companies worldwide have been developing solutions for customers using jet technology, which focuses on maximizing production and obtaining essential information for the optimization of oil field operators.
VAPEX - An Efficient Process for the Recovery of Heavy Oil and Bitumen
Authors: Das Swapan K.
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the Vapex (Vapour Extraction) process which may be a viable technique for the recovery of highly viscous heavy oil and bitumen. The size of the estimated US heavy oil and tar sand resources amounts to 100 billion bbl and 62 billion barrel oil in place respectively. Although this represents a small fraction of the total world reserves, it is about one-third of the total estimated crude oil discovered in US. The world estimate of this resources is about 6 trillion bbl, six times of the conventional oil reserves and may be the future source of energy. Efficient extraction of these highly viscous crudes poses a serious challenge to petroleum engineers. In some of the heavy oil reservoirs Steam flooding and in situ combustion processes were partially successful. For thick tar sand reservoirs the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process proved to be effective. However, thermal processes, in addition to other disadvantages, suffer from energy inefficiency due to heat losses.
Prefrontal projections to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis modulate the specificity of aversive memories
Authors: Radley Jason , Lingg Ryan , Johnson Shane , Hinz Dalton , Skog Timothy , Lizarazu Manuela , Romig-Martin Sara , LaLumiere Ryan , Narayanan Nandakumar
Published: October 2024

Generalizing aversive memories helps organisms avoid danger, whereas discriminating between dissimilar situations promotes opportunistic behaviors. We identified a novel pathway that controls the contextual specificity of memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance learning. Optogenetic inhibition of the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-to-anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (avBST) pathway after a single footshock exacerbated stress hormonal output, and 2 d later promoted generalization to a novel context. Rostral mPFC–avBST influences were directly mnemonic rather than associated with stress hormone increases, as adrenalectomy did not prevent such influences on generalization. We next observed that fear discrimination between novel and aversive contexts engaged activity along the rostral mPFC and avBST pathway. Finally, post-footshock optogenetic pathway excitation enhanced 2-d discrimination. These findings highlight a prefrontal pathway in which activity immediately after aversive experiences promotes mnemonic discrimination between threatening and non-threatening contexts and may be importance for understanding trauma generalization in psychiatric illnesses.
CASE REPORT: Hydrocephalus as a rare presentation of neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Stauning Agnes Tving , Larsen Carl Christian , Holst Anders Vedel
Published: October 2024

Background: Neurosarcoidosis represents a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis, with hydrocephalus occurring in only 5-9% of cases.
Observation: A 56-year-old female presented with severe hydrocephalus. Initial management involved a third ventriculostomy. Subsequent diagnostic evaluations confirmed neurosarcoidosis. However, before initiating medical treatment, recurrent hydrocephalus required reopening of the third ventriculostomy. The patient is currently undergoing a therapeutic regimen comprising methotrexate and infliximab, no new manifestations of hydrocephalus were observed following the reoperation.
Conclusions: In cases where obstructive hydrocephalus is associated with neurosarcoidosis, the prompt initiation of steroid treatment is imperative.
Delays may contribute to the risk of relapse, underscoring the importance of timely medical management.
Optimisation of romosozumab plus denosumab sequential treatments against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Insights from in silico simulations
Authors: Ruiz-Lozano Rocío , Calvo-Gallego José Luis , Pivonka Peter , Martínez-Reina Javier
Published: October 2024

Drug treatments against osteoporosis are commonly divided into anti-catabolic and anabolic. Anti-catabolic drugs reduce bone turnover and increase bone mass mainly through mineralization of the existing bone matrix. Anabolic drugs, on the other hand, enhance osteoblastic activity, resulting in new bone formation. Treatments are often limited to a few years due to reported side effects, which increases fracture risk upon discontinuation. Switching to a different drug is a common strategy. However, it is not clear what is the best combination of a dual-drug therapy, the lapse between treatments and other parameters defining the combination. In this study, we conducted in silico trials to assess the efficacy of two drugs: denosumab (anti-catabolic) and romosozumab (anabolic and anti-catabolic). Our simulations indicate that starting treatment with romosozumab leads to greater bone mass gain. This is because anti-catabolic treatments reduce bone rate and, due to osteoblast-osteoclast coupling, the number of osteoblast precursors. Romosozumab increases the proliferation of these precursors, so their population should be maximized for optimal efficacy. Therefore, prior administration of an anti-catabolic drug may be counterproductive to the effectiveness of romosozumab. We also found that a rest period between treatments does not benefit bone mass gain. Furthermore, concurrent administration of romosozumab and denosumab results in greater bone mass gain and might be worth investigating in future clinical trials. Finally, we showed that reduction of fracture risk in patients undergoing sequential treatments is dose dependent and consequently, dosage could be optimised in a patient-specific manner.
Case report: a case of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy with fluctuating symptoms and literature review
Authors: Yang Mingxuan , Wang Jianli , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Meini , Guo Junhong , Meng Huaxing
Published: October 2024

Purpose By reporting a patient with acute autonomic neuropathy (AASN) and reviewing relevant literature, we aim to improve understanding of the disease and assist in early clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Methods The clinical data and treatment of a patient with AASN who was admitted to our hospital were summarized, and the previously reported AASN cases or case series were systematically analyzed to summarize the gender, age of onset, prodromal infection, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, treatment and prognosis of the patients.
Results The patient was a 50-year-old female who complained with “paresthesia and dizziness for more than 7 months”. In the early stage of the disease, the patient showed abnormal pain, dizziness, and sensory ataxia, without limb muscle weakness. Retrospective analysis of AASN case reports showed that the age of onset was 34.15 ± 17.43 years old, the male-female ratio was 3:10, and most of them had a history of prodromal infection. Previous literature reports on the treatment of AASN patients mainly included symptomatic supportive treatment and immunomodulatory treatment with hormones or intravenous immunoglobulin. Most patients gradually recover from autonomic nervous system symptoms after treatment, while sensory deficits persist.
Conclusions AASN is a rare, rapidly progressive disease involving autonomic and sensory nerves, often secondary to upper respiratory or digestive tract infections. Clinical manifestations include hypoesthesia, hyperalgesia, digestive and cardiovascular dysfunction, etc. AASN patients should be identified as early as possible and given immunomodulatory therapy and symptomatic treatment in order to improve the prognosis.
Nanopore Sequencing as a Novel Method of Characterising Anorexia Nervosa Risk Loci
Authors: Berthold Natasha , Gaudieri Silvana , Hood Sean , Tschochner Monika , Akkari Patrick Anthony , Kennedy Martin A.
Published: October 2024

Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a polygenic, severe metabopsychiatric disorder with poorly understood aetiology. Eight significant loci have been identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) and heritability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was estimated to be ~ 11–17, yet causal variants remain elusive. It is therefore important to define the full spectrum of genetic variants in the wider regions surrounding these significantly associated loci. The hypothesis we evaluate here is that unrecognised or relatively unexplored variants in these regions exist and are promising targets for future functional analyses. To test this hypothesis, we implemented a novel approach with targeted nanopore sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) for 200kb regions centred on each of the eight AN-associated loci in 10 AN case samples. Our bioinformatics pipeline entailed base calling and alignment with Dorado and minimap2 software, followed by variant calling with four separate tools, Sniffles2, Clair3, Straglr, and Nanovar. We then leveraged publicly available databases to characterise these loci in putative functional context and prioritise a subset of putatively relevant variants.
Results
Target regions were enriched (average coverage per sample ≥ 10.3X). We curated a list of 20 prioritised variants in non-coding regions, poorly represented in the current human reference genome but which may have functional consequences in AN pathology. Notably, we identified a polymorphic SINE-VNTR-Alu like sub-family D element (SVA-D), intergenic with IP6K2 and PRKAR2A, and a poly-T short tandem repeat (STR) in the 3ʹUTR of FOXP1.
Conclusions
Our results highlight the potential of targeted nanopore sequencing for characterising novel or complex variation, which may be initially obscured in risk associated regions detected by GWAS. While preliminary, variants such as the polymorphic SVA-D and poly-T STR could contribute to mechanisms of phenotypic risk, through regulation of several neighbouring genes implicated in AN biology, and affect post-transcriptional processing of FOXP1, respectively. This exploratory investigation is not powered to detect significant effects, and results should be interpreted cautiously; however, the variation captured is poorly represented in the current human reference genome and accompanying databases and provides new opportunities for improved understanding of genetic risk mechanisms of AN.
Expression Level of Latent Membrane Protein 1 Epstein-Barr Virus in Tissue Biopsy Among Different Clinical Stages of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Purwono Priyo Budi , Romdhoni Achmad Chusnu , Rahaju Anny Setijo , Rahniayu Alphania , Astutik Anis Fidiah , Dewayani Astri , Rachmadhan Hayyu Fath , Ashari Faisal Yusuf , Wiqoyah Nurul , Purwandari Chatarina Anugrah Ambar
Published: October 2024

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy in the head and neck area, particularly affecting males. NPC is consistently linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, environmental and genetic factors. EBV is an oncogenic herpes virus that harbours the latent membrane protein (LMP1). This study aimed to analyze the association between the expression level of LMP1 and clinical stages of NPC.
Methods
A retrospective study of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of NPC was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, semi-quantitative scoring was performed to determine the degree of LMP1 expression. The difference between LMP1 expression and the clinical stage was analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis statistics.
Results
Our study revealed that the prevalence of EBV-LMP1 in NPC was 98% (78/79). The expression of LMP1 was the most detected in 93.7% of non-keratinizing undifferentiated and 6.3% of non-keratinizing carcinoma. The prevalence of LMP1-positive patients distributed in clinical stages II, III, and IV was 8.8%, 6.5%, and 74.7%, respectively. The percentage of LMP1 +++ expression for clinical stages II, III, and IV are 14.29%, 23.08%, and 50.85%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the expression of LMP1 across different clinical stages.
Conclusions
The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection is relatively high in nasopharyngeal cancer, namely in the non-keratinizing undifferentiated type. There is an elevated expression of LMP1 in higher clinical stages of NPC; however, it may not correlate. Therefore, further study in a larger population is worth conducting.
Rationale and design of Healthy Kids Beyond the Bell: A 2x2 full factorial study evaluating the impact of summer and after school programming on children’s body mass index and health behaviors.
Authors: Weaver R Glenn , Beets Michael W , Adams Elizabeth L , Kaczynski Andrew T , Chen Brian , Armstrong Bridget , Burkart Sarah , Kiely Keagan , Cepni Aliye B. , III James W White , Finnegan Olivia , Savidge Meghan , Parker Hannah , Randolph Griffin AT
Published: October 2024

Background. The structured days hypothesis posits that structure protects children against obesogenic behaviors (e.g., physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary intake), and, ultimately, prevents the occurrence of excessive weight gain. The hours following school (i.e., 3-6pm school days) and summer vacation are two "windows of vulnerability" when children may experience less structure. Programs that provide a healthy structured environment and may prevent BMI gain exist for both time periods (i.e., after school programs and summer day camps). Unfortunately, these programs are cost prohibitive for children from low-income families to attend. This study will test the impact of providing vouchers to access existing, community-operated after school and summer programs on BMI z-score, body composition, and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen use, diet, and sleep) of children (5–12 years) from schools that primarily serve families with low-income.Methods. The study will employ a 2x2 factorial design. Participants (N = 480) attending 4 elementary schools in one school district will be randomly assigned to a no treatment control, after school program voucher only, summer day camp voucher only, or after school and summer day camp vouchers. Vouchers will cover the full cost of attending a pre-existing community-based after school or summer camp program. The primary outcome (BMI z-score) will be measured at baseline (before end of school year, ~May), 3-month follow-up (after summer, ~August), and 12-month follow-up (end the following school year, ~May). Secondary outcomes include body composition (i.e., whole-body fat mass, fat free mass, and percent body fat) and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, screen-time, and diet). The study will also employ a rigorous process evaluation which will consider after school and summer camp program attendance and content. Analyses will examine differences between the four groups in BMI z-score, body composition, and obesogenic behaviors. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios will determine the cost effectiveness of the intervention.Discussion. The current study will provide critical information for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers seeking to combat the childhood obesity epidemic in children from families with low-income during the school year and summer.Trial Registration NCT05880901. Registered 27 May 2023. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05880901?titles=beyond%20the%20bell&rank=1
Effects of the hormone replacement therapy on arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in the perimenopausal women
Authors: zhou yi , chen xiao guo , huang yu , wang shan , yin li xue
Published: October 2024

Objective
This study aimed to examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in the perimenopausal women.
Methods
Sixty perimenopausal women were recruited for the present cohort study among the patients visiting our menopause clinic. 30 women, who were prescribed to do the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) from several months to 1 year, were investigated, together with another age-matched group (Control group) of 30 perimenopausal women without HRT. All participants underwent 2 serial carotid pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wall shear stress (WSS) assessments of the carotid artery at 1-year interval.
Results
Compared with the baseline value, there was no significant difference in PWV over 12 months between HRT and Control group, however, the WSS value increased significantly for both groups in 1 year (p < 0.05). After 1 year of the follow-up, the PWV at BS value was significantly lower in the HRT group than in the Control one (p < 0.05), but there was no significant statistical difference in the WSS value between two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were independently correlated with the changes in PWV (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The hormone replacement therapy appears to impact on the arterial stiffness without affecting hemodynamics in the perimenopausal women. The time-mediated influence on WSS seems to overrule the potential HRT-mediated influence, thus the change of WSS cannot be excluded. Further research is needed to understand clearly the mechanism underlying the obtained results.
Association between Life’s Essential 8 and abdominal aortic calcification: findings from a national study
Authors: Xu Jun-Peng , Jin Li , Peng Xiong-Qiang , Zhao Xu-Jie , Guo Li-Heng , Mai Xiao-Yi , Zeng Rui-Xiang , Zhang Min-Zhou
Published: October 2024

Background and aims
Data are lacking regarding Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), a cardiovascular health (CVH) scoring system recently updated by the American Heart Association, and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). We aimed to detect the associations of total and individual CVH metrics based on LE8 with AAC-score and AAC prevalence.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. Individuals with a score exceeding 0 or 6 were considered as having AAC and severe AAC, respectively. Total and individual CVH metric scores were stratified into low level (0–49), intermediate level (50–74), and high level (75–100). Multivariable linear or logistic regression models were performed to calculate β or odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations of total and individual CVH metrics with AAC. For further exploration, restricted cubic spline curves and subgroup analyses were performed.
Results
2,403 eligible participants were finally included. Compared to those with a low total CVH score, adults with a high total CVH score were associated with lower AAC-score [β: -0.50, (-0.95, -0.06), P = 0.0277] and reduced prevalence of AAC (OR: 0.57, (0.41, 0.80), P = 0.0013] and severe AAC [OR: 0.52, (0.30, 0.90), P = 0.0197]. There was a nonlinear and linear dose–response inverse associations of total CVH score with AAC and severe AAC, respectively. For the eight individual CVH metrics, well management of nicotine exposure, blood glucose and blood pressure was the major individual contributor to prevent AAC. Equally, enough engagement of physical activity could partly reduce AAC risk.
Conclusions
The ideal CVH assessed by Life’s Essential 8 metrics was significantly associated with reduced AAC risk. We emphasize that earlier efforts on promoting CVH metrics should be highlighted to reduce AAC prevalence and subsequent CVD in later life.
The Impact of Big Data Analytics on Health Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akour Iman , Salloum Said
Published: October 2024

The extension of Big Data analytics to healthcare has radically altered how healthcare-related data is managed and used, presenting unequalled chances of augmenting patient experiences, boosting operational effectiveness, and customising treatment regimens. The prospective advantages of Big Data in medical fields have been ameliorated to a larger extent due to recent technological breakthroughs. Regardless of the noteworthy progress, an in-depth comprehension of the exact manner in which Big Data analytics improves numerous healthcare applications is lacking. The abrupt advancement of these technological innovations and their utilisation in the healthcare sector demands a revised amalgamation of the existing research patterns, approaches, and outcomes. In order to answer six particular research questions on Big Data analytics in healthcare, this comprehensive analysis examined 127 research articles that were released between 2015 and 2024. The evaluation used a methodically organised approach that included determining the parameters for inclusion and exclusion, data sources, search tactics, quality evaluation, and data coding and analysis. To facilitate a thorough and honest review procedure, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were applied. According to the research, the fields with the highest representation in the literary works include sleep apnoea monitoring, digital health records, and BDA healthcare applications and platforms. The machine learning algorithms that are most commonly used are supervised learning approaches, including Linear Regression and Support Vector Machines. A geographic study showed that China, India, and the United States have made substantial contributions. The temporal study revealed a substantial spike in research endeavours between 2020 and 2023, indicating heightened interest in the fusion of Big Data with the healthcare industry. The year 2024 witnessed an abrupt reduction in publications, indicating either a level of saturation or a shift in the focus of the study. The results highlight how Big Data analytics may redefine healthcare by improving operational effectiveness, individualised treatment regimens, and diagnostic accuracy. The report also emphasises the significance of having strong ethical standards and legal frameworks in place in order to cope with data security and privacy issues. Future studies should concentrate on investigating upcoming technologies, multidisciplinary approaches, flawless integration with current systems, and the lasting effects of these technologies. Furthermore, encouraging international cooperation can improve the exchange of resources and ideal practices, expanding the scope of Big Data healthcare analytics globally.
Efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Targeting KRAS Mutations in Pancreatic Cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Hashim Hashim Talib , Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Fatima Tehreem , Haque Tahmina , Sulaiman Fatimah Abdullah , Musa Mohammed Ganim , Abdullah Muhanned Ahmed , Kadhum Rawaa Awad , Al-Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Al-Obaidi Ammar
Published: October 2024

Background
Pancreatic cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and it’s characterized by a poor prognosis. The KRAS gene mutation is prevalent in about 85% of pancreatic cancer cases which is a significant factor in the pathogenesis and development of pancreatic cancer, impacting cellular tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. The targeted disruption of mutant KRAS variants through the application of various CRISPR systems has led to a marked reduction in cell viability and proliferation in vitro, accompanied by significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.
Method
This systematic study was adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and PLOS One for original research articles published up to June 2024. Studies included those involving CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing targeting KRAS mutations in human or animal models of pancreatic cancer. Data collection and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.
Results
The review identified numerous studies demonstrating the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 in targeting KRAS mutations. Results showed significant reductions in KRAS transcript levels, decreased tumor progression, and improved survival rates in experimental models. However, challenges such as off-target effects and efficient delivery methods were noted.
Conclusion
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing shows significant promise as a therapeutic strategy for targeting KRAS mutations in pancreatic cancer. While the technology has demonstrated potential in preclinical studies, further research is needed to address challenges related to specificity, delivery, and long-term effects to facilitate its clinical application.
Surgical management of multiple damages of superior shoulder suspensory complex disruptions with coracoid fracture
Authors: Sun Guohai , Han Shumei , Jia Honglei , Pang Hongqian , Zhang Wupeng , Liu Fanxiao , Li Shanxin , Feng Minghao , Wang Zhuang , Wang Bomin , Yang Yongliang
Published: October 2024

Background
Multiple damages of the superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) with coracoid fracture are exceedingly rare. Two or more site injuries of the SSSC frequently leads to delayed union, non-union and suffered motor dysfunction. Currently, the optimal surgical protocol has not been determined. This article reports our therapy approaches and clinical outcomes.
Methods
From January 2020 to June 2022. We treated 9 patients who had at least 3 injuries of SSSC and all with coracoid fracture. None of the patients had sustained concomitant injuries such as brachial plexus injury or rib fracture. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation and coracoid fractures were reduced and fixed. The Visual Analgesia Score (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score and Range of Motion (ROM) score were used to evaluation of postoperative recovery at the time of the last follow-up.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the manifestations of multiple SSSC disruptions with coracoid fracture are variable. A variety of surgical modalities for treating such injuries have been reported in the previous literature. In this article we introduce a novel, reliable surgical technique to treat such injuries.
Degree of coincidence of the change in health-related quality of life in the recovery-phase rehabilitation ward and the proxy’s response: Evaluation of patients with musculoskeletal disorder by EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Izumi Ryota , Noto Shinichi , Nagayama Hirofumi , Sano Tetsuya , Takizawa Hirokazu , Tsukakoshi Daichi
Published: October 2024

Background
Recently, a conversion table of the EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) unique to Japan was created that facilitates the measurement of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of a participant. Currently, however, only a few investigations have been conducted of HRQOL using the EQ-5D-5L in the recovery-phase rehabilitation ward. Moreover, proxy responses for patients who are unable to respond for themselves have only been reported for stroke patients.
Methods
In this study, we used the EQ-5D-5L to investigate changes in HRQOL before and after rehabilitation and the degree of agreement between the patient’s responses and the occupational therapist’s proxy responses in patients with musculoskeletal disorders who were hospitalized in a recovery-phase rehabilitation ward.
Results
Among the 77 participants, HRQOL was improved after rehabilitation, and the effect size was large (self response; SRM = 0.90, proxy response; SRM = 0.95). Regarding the degree of agreement between the QOL values, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.68 for the initial evaluation and 0.72 for the re-evaluation, indicating substantial agreement.
Conclusions
The results of this study showed that the EQ-5D-5L was responsive as an indicator of outcome of patients with musculoskeletal disorders who were hospitalized in a recovery-phase rehabilitation ward and that proxy responses by occupational therapists can measure QOL values similar to those of the individuals themselves.
Viral load suppression after enhanced adherence counseling and its associated factors among clients on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Bekele Teshome Nadew , Eshete Akine , Gebrie Abiraraw , Mekuria Abinet Dagnew , Dejene Tadesse Mamo
Published: October 2024

Background
Maintaining long-term client adherence and viral suppression requires ongoing increased adherence counseling and follow-up care. Promoting enhanced adherence counseling (EAC) is advised for those whose viral load is greater than or equivalent to 1000 copies/ml. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in the study region about the degree of viral load suppression that occurs after enhanced adherence counseling is implemented.
Objective
The study was to determine the magnitude of Viral load suppression after enhanced adherence counseling and its associated factors among Clients on Anti Retro Viral Therapy follow up in public health facilities in Debre Berhan Regio-Politian City, North Shewa, Ethiopia.
Methods
From July 2018 to June 2023, an institutionally based retrospective follow-up research was conducted. A total of 409 HIV-positive individuals who were enrolled in EAC were included in the study. Additionally, a straightforward random sampling method was used to choose them. Kobo Toolbox was used to collect the data, and STATA version 14.1 was used for analysis. Other variables and the extent of viral load suppression were summarized using descriptive analysis. Utilizing binary logistic regressions, the contributing components were found. Finally, every independent variable in the bivariable analysis with a p-value less than 0.25 was included in the multivariable logistic regression. Eventually, an OR with 95% CI was employed and a p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Result
Clients who successfully reduced their viral load were 64.3% of the participants, with a 95% confidence interval of (59.3–68.5). The likelihood of experiencing poor drug adherence (AOR 0.211, 95% CI = 0.117–0.411), being a single client (AOR 0.330, 95% CI = 0.179–0.631), living in a rural area (AOR 0.351, 95% CI = 0.202–0.601), having a history of alcohol consumption (AOR 0.531, 95% CI 0.286–0.985), and chewing khat (AOR 0.223, 95% CI = 0.09–0.545) were less likely to be significantly linked to suppressing viral load.
Conclusion
The target of 70% recommended by the World Health Organization was not achieved in terms of suppressing virus loads. Lower levels of viral load suppression have been associated with variables such alcohol usage, khat chewing, marital status, poor adherence, and site of residence. Thus, it is recommended that ART case managers, adherence counselors, and multidisciplinary teams at medical facilities prioritize clients with low adherence and address behavioral variables in order to optimize viral load suppression.
Economics of Conserving a Tiger Corridor: A Case of Khata Wildlife Corridor in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Bijan , Mendelsohn Robert , Queenborough Simon
Published: October 2024

A consistent concern of international conservation efforts is that relatively poor local communities often bear a high cost for the conservation of wildlife and biodiversity that are highly valued by richer international communities. In this study, we quantify the cost to local farmers from tigers, leopards, and elephants in the Khata wildlife corridor which connects two protected areas adjoining Nepal and India. The losses come from livestock depredation by tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and its sympatric felid, common leopard (Panthera pardus), as well as loss of rice paddy by elephant (Elephas maximus). We collected data from the records and database of a local natural resource management committee, key informant interviews, and grey and published literature. In the Khata wildlife corridor, the annual livestock loss was estimated to be USD 1,155 for tiger and USD 2,958 for common leopard, and the annual crop loss was USD 2,047 for elephant. Although these sums are relatively small given the international value of these species, they pose a heavy burden for the people living in the corridor. International efforts should help compensate local people for these losses, both to get their cooperation with local conservation and for reasons of equity in distribution of benefits.
The comparative effectiveness of 7 versus 21 home-delivered Medically Tailored Meals to improve malnutrition risk in malnourished patients with heart failure: A random order crossover feeding trial (MEDIMEALS)
Authors: Compher Charlene , Henstenburg Jule Anne , Aloupis Marianne , Sun Amy , Quinn Ryan , Emery Elizabeth , Thomas Jovina , Crafford Adrian , Schwartz Daniel
Published: October 2024

Background: Heart failure (HF) is frequently associated with risk of malnutrition or frank malnutrition. The delivery of medically tailored meals (MTM) to the homes of patients with HF and malnutrition risk or a malnutrition diagnosis after hospital discharge holds promise for improving outcomes.
Methods: A random order crossover study was designed to compare the delivery of 7 versus 21 MTM for four weeks each to patients discharged from the hospital with HF and malnutrition risk. Telephone surveys were conducted at baseline, 30 and 60 days post-discharge to evaluate change in Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), American Heart Association (AHA) diet goals, sarcopenia risk (SARC-F), and 30-day readmissions.
Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled. Patients had reduced odds of having high MST scores relative to the baseline score at one and two months (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.74 and OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.99, respectively). The AHA diet goal score did not change from baseline at either one or two months. Sarcopenia risk scores improved over time (p=0.01), decreasing by 0.43±0.2 units by one (p=0.03) and 0.59±0.21 units by two months (p=0.007) regardless of the number of MTM provided. Readmissions by 30 days were not significantly different based on the number of MTM provided per week (9% for 21 MTM vs 12.5% for 7 MTM).
Conclusion: The provision of at least seven medically tailored meals per week in the early window after hospital discharge to patients with HF and malnutrition or malnutrition risk is a promising strategy to reduce malnutrition, sarcopenia risk, and improve patient quality of life.