bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Porous Copper-Graphene Heterostructures with Durability and High Heat Dissipation Performance
Authors: Rho Hokyun , Lee Seungmin , Bae Sukang , Kim Tae-Wook , Su Lee Dong , Jung Lee Hyun , Yeon Hwang Jun , Jeong Tak , Kim Sungmin , Ha Jun-Seok , Hyun Lee Sang
Published: August 2015

Porous materials have historically been of interest for a wide range of applications in thermal management, for example, in heat exchangers and thermal barriers. Rapid progress in electronic and optoelectronic technology necessitates more efficient spreading and dissipation of the heat generated in these devices, calling for the development of new thermal management materials. Here, we report an effective technique for the synthesis of porous Cu-graphene heterostructures with pores of about 30 μm and a porosity of 35%. Graphene layers were grown on the surfaces of porous Cu, which was formed via the coalescence of molten Cu microparticles. The surface passivation with graphene layers resulted in a thermal conductivity higher than that of porous Cu, especially at high temperatures (approximately 40% at 1173 K). The improved heat dissipation properties of the porous structures were demonstrated by analysis of the thermal resistance and temperature distribution of LED chips mounted on the structures. The effective combination of the structural and material properties of porous Cu-graphene heterostructures provides a new material for effective thermal management of high-power electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Sensory recalibration integrates information from the immediate and the cumulative past
Authors: Bruns Patrick , Röder Brigitte
Published: August 2015

Vision usually provides the most accurate and reliable information about the location of objects in our environment and thus serves as a reference for recalibrating auditory spatial maps. Recent studies have shown that recalibration does not require accumulated evidence of cross-modal mismatch to be triggered, but occurs as soon as after one single exposure. Here we tested whether instantaneous recalibration and recalibration based on accumulated evidence represent the same underlying learning mechanism or involve distinct neural systems. Participants had to localize two sounds, a low- and a high-frequency tone, which were paired with opposite directions of audiovisual spatial mismatch (leftward vs. rightward). In accordance with the cumulative stimulus history, localization in unimodal auditory trials was shifted in opposite directions for the two sound frequencies. On a trial-by-trial basis, however, frequency-specific recalibration was reduced when preceded by an audiovisual stimulus with a different sound frequency and direction of spatial mismatch. Thus, the immediate past invoked an instantaneous frequency-invariant recalibration, while the cumulative past invoked changes in frequency-specific spatial maps. These findings suggest that distinct recalibration mechanisms operating at different timescales jointly determine sound localization behavior.
Using non-Markovian measures to evaluate quantum master equations for photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Hong-Bin , Lambert Neill , Cheng Yuan-Chung , Chen Yueh-Nan , Nori Franco
Published: August 2015

When dealing with system-reservoir interactions in an open quantum system, such as a photosynthetic light-harvesting complex, approximations are usually made to obtain the dynamics of the system. One question immediately arises: how good are these approximations and in what ways can we evaluate them? Here, we propose to use entanglement and a measure of non-Markovianity as benchmarks for the deviation of approximate methods from exact results. We apply two frequently-used perturbative but non-Markovian approximations to a photosynthetic dimer model and compare their results with that of the numerically-exact hierarchy equation of motion (HEOM). This enables us to explore both entanglement and non-Markovianity measures as means to reveal how the approximations either overestimate or underestimate memory effects and quantum coherence. In addition, we show that both the approximate and exact results suggest that non-Markonivity can, counter-intuitively, increase with temperature and with the coupling to the environment.
Emergence of Multiple Superconducting Phases in (NH3)yMxFeSe (M: Na and Li)
Authors: Zheng Lu , Miao Xiao , Sakai Yusuke , Izumi Masanari , Goto Hidenori , Nishiyama Saki , Uesugi Eri , Kasahara Yuichi , Iwasa Yoshihiro , Kubozono Yoshihiro
Published: August 2015

We previously discovered multiple superconducting phases in the ammoniated Na-doped FeSe material, (NH3)yNaxFeSe. To clarify the origin of the multiple superconducting phases, the variation of Tc was fully investigated as a function of x in (NH3)yNaxFeSe. The 32 K superconducting phase is mainly produced in the low-x region below 0.4, while only a single phase is observed at x  =  1.1, with Tc =  45 K, showing that the Tc depends significantly on x, but it changes discontinuously with x. The crystal structure of (NH3)yNaxFeSe does not change as x increases up to 1.1, i.e., the space group of I4/mmm. The lattice constants, a and c, of the low-Tc phase (Tc = 32.5 K) are 3.9120(9) and 14.145(8) Å, respectively, while a = 3.8266(7) Å and c = 17.565(9) Å for the high-Tc phase (~46 K). The c increases in the high Tc phase, implying that the Tc is directly related to c. In (NH3)yLixFeSe material, the Tc varies continuously within the range of 39 to 44 K with changing x. Thus, the behavior of Tc is different from that of (NH3)yNaxFeSe. The difference may be due to the difference in the sites that the Na and Li occupy.
When a 520 million-year-old Chengjiang fossil meets a modern micro-CT – a case study
Authors: Liu Yu , Scholtz Gerhard , Hou Xianguang
Published: August 2015

The 520 million-year-old Chengjiang biota of China (UNESCO World Heritage) presents the earliest known evidence of the so-called Cambrian Explosion. Studies, however, have mainly been limited to the information exposed on the surface of the slabs. Thus far, structures preserved inside the slabs were accessed by careful removal of the matrix, in many cases with the unfortunate sacrifice of some “less important” structures, which destroys elements of exceptionally preserved specimens. Here, we show for the first time that microtomography (micro-CT) can reveal structures situated inside a Chengjiang fossil slab without causing any damage. In the present study a trilobitomorph arthropod (Xandarella spectaculum) can be reliably identified only with the application of micro-CT. We propose that this technique is an important tool for studying three-dimensionally preserved Chengjiang fossils and, most likely, also those from other biota with a comparable type of preservation, specifically similar iron concentrations.
Chemokine polyreactivity of IL7Rα+CSF-1R+ lympho-myeloid progenitors in the developing fetal liver
Authors: Kajikhina Katja , Melchers Fritz , Tsuneto Motokazu
Published: August 2015

In murine ontogeny, fetal liver is the major hemato- and B-lymphopoietic site until birth. Hematopoiesis develops in largely non-hematopoietic niches, which provide contacts, chemokines and cytokines that induce migration, residence, proliferation and differentiation of progenitors. Within early multipotent progenitors an IL7Rα+CSF-1R+ subset expressed a mixture of lymphoid- and myeloid-specific genes and differentiated to lymphoid and myeloid lineages in vitro. By contrast, IL7Rα+ cells were lymphoid-committed and CSF-1R+ cells were erythro-myeloid-restricted. To respond to a multitude of chemokines single biphenotypic cells expressed CXCR4 and as many as five other chemokine receptors. The monopotent IL7Rα+ and CSF-1R+progenitors all expressed CXCR4 and mutually exclusive, more restricted sets of the analysed five chemokine receptors. This study proposes that chemokine polyreactive, cytokine-bipotent and monopotent progenitors transmigrate through LYVE-1high endothelium, attracted by selected chemokines and reach the IL7- and CSF-1-producing ALCAMhigh mesenchymal niche, attracted by other sets of chemokines, to differentiate to B-lymphoid respectively myeloid cells.
New generation of two-dimensional spintronic systems realized by coupling of Rashba and Dirac fermions
Authors: Eremeev Sergey V. , Tsirkin Stepan S. , Nechaev Ilya A. , Echenique Pedro M. , Chulkov Evgueni V.
Published: August 2015

Intriguing phenomena and novel physics predicted for two-dimensional (2D) systems formed by electrons in Dirac or Rashba states motivate an active search for new materials or combinations of the already revealed ones. Being very promising ingredients in themselves, interplaying Dirac and Rashba systems can provide a base for next generation of spintronics devices, to a considerable extent, by mixing their striking properties or by improving technically significant characteristics of each other. Here, we demonstrate that in BiTeI@PbSb2Te4 composed of a BiTeI trilayer on top of the topological insulator (TI) PbSb2Te4 weakly- and strongly-coupled Dirac-Rashba hybrid systems are realized. The coupling strength depends on both interface hexagonal stacking and trilayer-stacking order. The weakly-coupled system can serve as a prototype to examine, e.g., plasmonic excitations, frictional drag, spin-polarized transport and charge-spin separation effect in multilayer helical metals. In the strongly-coupled regime, within ~100 meV energy interval of the bulk TI projected bandgap a helical state substituting for the TI surface state appears. This new state is characterized by a larger momentum, similar velocity and strong localization within BiTeI. We anticipate that our findings pave the way for designing a new type of spintronics devices based on Rashba-Dirac coupled systems.
The electrical conductivity of Al2O3 under shock-compression
Authors: Liu Hanyu , Tse John S. , Nellis W. J.
Published: August 2015

Sapphire (Al2O3) crystals are used below 100 GPa as anvils and windows in dynamic-compression experiments because of their transparency and high density. Above 100 GPa shock pressures, sapphire becomes opaque and electrically conducting because of shock-induced defects. Such effects prevent temperature and dc conductivity measurements of materials compressed quasi-isentropically. Opacities and electrical conductivities at ~100 GPa are non-equilibrium, rather than thermodynamic parameters. We have performed electronic structure calculations as a guide in predicting and interpreting shock experiments and possibly to discover a window up to ~200 GPa. Our calculations indicate shocked sapphire does not metallize by band overlap at ~300 GPa, as suggested previously by measured non-equilibrium data. Shock-compressed Al2O3 melts to a metallic liquid at ~500 GPa and 10,000 K and its conductivity increases rapidly to ~2000 Ω−1cm−1 at ~900 GPa. At these high shock temperatures and pressures sapphire is in thermal equilibrium. Calculated conductivity of Al2O3 is similar to those measured for metallic fluid H, N, O, Rb and Cs. Despite different materials, pressures and temperatures and compression techniques, both experimental and theoretical, conductivities of all these poor metals reach a common end state typical of strong-scattering disordered materials.
Reflecting microscope system with a 0.99 numerical aperture designed for three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of individual molecules at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Inagawa H. , Toratani Y. , Motohashi K. , Nakamura I. , Matsushita M. , Fujiyoshi S.
Published: August 2015

We have developed a cryogenic fluorescence microscope system, the core of which is a reflecting objective that consists of spherical and aspherical mirrors. The use of an aspherical mirror allows the reflecting objective to have a numerical aperture (NA) of up to 0.99, which is close to the maximum possible NA of 1.03 in superfluid helium. The performance of the system at a temperature of 1.7 K was tested by recording a three-dimensional fluorescence image of individual quantum dots using excitation wavelengths (λex) of 532 nm and 635 nm. At 1.7 K, the microscope worked with achromatic and nearly diffraction-limited performance. The 1/e2 radius (Γ) of the point spread function of the reflecting objective in the lateral (xy) direction was 0.212 ± 0.008 μm at λex = 532 nm and was less than 1.2 times the simulated value for a perfectly polished objective. The radius Γ in the axial (z) direction was 0.91 ± 0.04 μm at λex = 532 nm and was less than 1.4 times the simulated value of Γ. The chromatic aberrations between the two wavelengths were one order of magnitude smaller than Γ in each direction.
Diterpenoid alkaloids of Aconitum laciniatum and mitigation of inflammation by 14-O-acetylneoline in a murine model of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wangchuk Phurpa , Navarro Severine , Shepherd Catherine , Keller Paul A. , Pyne Stephen G. , Loukas Alex
Published: August 2015

Aconitum laciniatum is used in Bhutanese traditional medicine for treating various chronic infections and inflammatory conditions. We carried out in-depth isolation and characterization of the phytochemicals from the root component and determined the anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds against chemically-induced colitis in mice. Five diterpenoid alkaloids - pseudaconitine, 14-veratroylpseudaconine, 14-O-acetylneoline, neoline and senbusine A - were isolated from A. laciniatum for the first time. Two of the alkaloids were tested for anti-inflammatory properties in the TNBS-induced colitis model in mice. Various parameters were measured to assess pathology including weight loss, clinical and macroscopic scores, histological structure and IFN-γ production in the gut. Of the two alkaloids tested, 14-O-acetylneoline showed significant protection against different parameters of colitic inflammation. Compared to control mice that received TNBS alone, mice treated with 14-O-acetylneoline experienced significantly less weight loss and had significantly lower clinical scores, macroscopic pathology and grades of histological inflammation. Moreover, colonic IFN-γ mRNA levels were significantly reduced in mice that received 14-O-acetylneoline compared to control mice that received TNBS alone. This alkaloid is now considered a novel anti-colitis drug lead compound.
Abnormal subcellular localization of GABAA receptor subunits in schizophrenia brain
Authors: Mueller T M , Remedies C E , Haroutunian V , Meador-Woodruff J H
Published: August 2015

Inhibitory neurotransmission is primarily mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activating synaptic GABA type A receptors (GABAAR). In schizophrenia, presynaptic GABAergic signaling deficits are among the most replicated findings; however, postsynaptic GABAergic deficits are less well characterized. Our lab has previously demonstrated that although there is no difference in total protein expression of the α1–6, β1–3 or γ2 GABAAR subunits in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in schizophrenia, the α1, β1 and β2 GABAAR subunits are abnormallyN-glycosylated.N-glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that has important functional roles in protein folding, multimer assembly and forward trafficking. To investigate the impact that alteredN-glycosylation has on the assembly and trafficking of GABAARs in schizophrenia, this study used western blot analysis to measure the expression of α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ2 GABAAR subunits in subcellular fractions enriched for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and synapses (SYN) from STG of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects and found evidence of abnormal localization of the β1 and β2 GABAAR subunits and subunit isoforms in schizophrenia. The β2 subunit is expressed as three isoforms at 52 kDa (β252 kDa), 50 kDa (β250 kDa) and 48 kDa (β248 kDa). In the ER, we found increased total β2 GABAAR subunit (β2ALL) expression driven by increased β250 kDa, a decreased ratio of β248 kDa:β2ALLand an increased ratio of β250 kDa:β248 kDa. Decreased ratios of β1:β2ALLand β1:β250 kDain both the ER and SYN fractions and an increased ratio of β252 kDa:β248 kDaat the synapse were also identified in schizophrenia. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that alterations ofN-glycosylation may contribute to GABAergic signaling deficits in schizophrenia by disrupting the assembly and trafficking of GABAARs.
IL-1β and BDNF are associated with improvement in hypersomnia but not insomnia following exercise in major depressive disorder
Authors: Rethorst C D , Greer T L , Toups M S P , Bernstein I , Carmody T J , Trivedi M H
Published: August 2015

Given the role of sleep in the development and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), it is becoming increasingly clear that elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in MDD is crucial to improve treatment outcomes. Sleep disturbances are varied and can present as insomnia and/or hypersomnia. Though research has examined the biological underpinnings of insomnia in MDD, little is known about the role of biomarkers in hypersomnia associated with MDD. This paper examines biomarkers associated with changes in hypersomnia and insomnia and as predictors of improvements in sleep quality following exercise augmentation in persons with MDD. Subjects with non-remitted MDD were randomized to augmentation with one of two doses of aerobic exercise: 16 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per week (KKW) or 4 KKW for 12 weeks. The four sleep-related items on the clinician-rated Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (sleep onset insomnia, mid-nocturnal insomnia, early morning insomnia and hypersomnia) assessed self-reported sleep quality. Inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were assessed in blood samples collected before and following the 12-week intervention. Reduction in hypersomnia was correlated with reductions in BDNF (ρ=0.26, P=0.029) and IL-1β (ρ=0.37, P=0.002). Changes in these biomarkers were not associated with changes in insomnia; however, lower baseline levels of IL-1β were predictive of greater improvements in insomnia (F=3.87, P=0.050). In conclusion, improvement in hypersomnia is related to reductions in inflammatory markers and BDNF in persons with non-remitted MDD. Distinct biological mechanisms may explain reductions in insomnia.
Dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonism reduces activity-based anorexia
Authors: Klenotich S J , Ho E V , McMurray M S , Server C H , Dulawa S C
Published: August 2015

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by severe hypophagia and weight loss, and an intense fear of weight gain. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) refers to the weight loss, hypophagia and paradoxical hyperactivity that develops in rodents exposed to running wheels and restricted food access, and provides a model for aspects of AN. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine was recently shown to reduce both AN symptoms and ABA. We examined which component of the complex pharmacological profile of olanzapine reduces ABA. Mice received 5-HT2A/2C, 5-HT3, dopamine D1-like, D2, D3 or D2/3 antagonist treatment, and were assessed for food intake, body weight, wheel running and survival in ABA. D2/3 receptor antagonists eticlopride and amisulpride reduced weight loss and hypophagia, and increased survival during ABA. Furthermore, amisulpride produced larger reductions in weight loss and hypophagia than olanzapine. Treatment with either D3 receptor antagonist SB277011A or D2 receptor antagonist L-741,626 also increased survival. All the other treatments either had no effect or worsened ABA. Overall, selective antagonism of D2 and/or D3 receptors robustly reduces ABA. Studies investigating the mechanisms by which D2 and/or D3 receptors regulate ABA, and the efficacy for D2/3 and/or D3 antagonists to treat AN, are warranted.
A composite peripheral blood gene expression measure as a potential diagnostic biomarker in bipolar disorder
Authors: Munkholm K , Peijs L , Vinberg M , Kessing L V
Published: August 2015

Gene expression in peripheral blood has the potential to inform on pathophysiological mechanisms and has emerged as a viable avenue for the identification of biomarkers. Here, we aimed to identify gene expression candidate genes and to explore the potential for a composite gene expression measure as a diagnostic and state biomarker in bipolar disorder. First, messenger RNA levels of 19 candidate genes were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 37 rapid cycling bipolar disorder patients in different affective states (depression, mania and euthymia) during a 6–12-month period and in 40 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Second, a composite gene expression measure was constructed in the first half study sample and independently validated in the second half of the sample. We found downregulation of POLG and OGG1 expression in bipolar disorder patients compared with healthy control subjects. In patients with bipolar disorder, upregulation of NDUFV2 was observed in a depressed state compared with a euthymic state. The composite gene expression measure for discrimination between patients and healthy control subjects on the basis of 19 genes generated an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (P<0.0001) in sample 1, which was replicated with a value of 0.73 (P<0.0001) in sample 2, corresponding with a moderately accurate test. The present findings of altered POLG, OGG1 and NDUFV2 expression point to disturbances within mitochondrial function and DNA repair mechanisms in bipolar disorder. Further, a composite gene expression measure could hold promise as a potential diagnostic biomarker.
A microchip integrating cell array positioning with in situ single-cell impedance measurement
Authors: Guo Xiaoliang , Zhu Rong , Zong Xianli
Published: August 2015

A micro-chip integrating cell positioning with in situ, real-time and long-time impedance measurement on a single cell using nano-modified measuring electrodes.
Dried blood spots (DBS) in doping controls: a complementary matrix for improved in- and out-of-competition sports drug testing strategies
Authors: Tretzel Laura , Thomas Andreas , Geyer Hans , Pop Valentin , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: August 2015

The use of dried blood spots as a complementary sample matrix combined with state-of-the-art analytical techniques substantially improves doping control efforts, particularly concerning cost-efficiency, test frequency, and sample collection invasiveness.
Self-assembly formation of a healable lanthanide luminescent supramolecular metallogel from 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) ligands
Authors: McCarney Eoin P. , Byrne Joseph P. , Twamley Brendan , Martínez-Calvo Miguel , Ryan Gavin , Möbius Matthias E. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: August 2015

The self-assembly and rheological studies of self-healing Eu(iii) luminescent metallogels from a btp (2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine) ligand is described.
Adsorption of fluorinated anesthetics within the pores of a molecular crystal
Authors: Chen Teng-Hao , Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Jacobson Allan J. , Miljanić Ognjen Š.
Published: August 2015

Commonly used inhalation anesthetics—enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane—are adsorbed within the pores of a porous fluorinated molecular crystal to the tune of up to 73.4(±0.2)% by weight.
A highly N-doped carbon phase “dressing” of macroscopic supports for catalytic applications
Authors: Ba Housseinou , Liu Yuefeng , Truong-Phuoc Lai , Duong-Viet Cuong , Mu Xiaoke , Doh Won Hui , Tran-Thanh Tung , Baaziz Walid , Nguyen-Dinh Lam , Nhut Jean-Mario , Janowska Izabela , Begin Dominique , Zafeiratos Spiridon , Granger Pascal , Tuci Giulia , Giambastiani Giuliano , Banhart Florian , Ledoux Marc J. , Pham-Huu Cuong
Published: August 2015

Various macroscopic and porous host scaffolds are easily “dressed” with highly N-doped carbon-based coatings. The as prepared composites act as effective metal-free catalysts in industrial key-processes.
The on-surface synthesis of imine-based covalent organic frameworks with non-aromatic linkage
Authors: Yue Jie-Yu , Liu Xuan-He , Sun Bing , Wang Dong
Published: August 2015

A pair of isomeric imine-based covalent organic frameworks with non-aromatic linkage has been fabricated at the graphite surface, which extends the structural diversity of surface covalent organic frameworks.
Switching of inherent chirality driven by self-assembly
Authors: Jędrzejewska Hanna , Kwit Marcin , Szumna Agnieszka
Published: August 2015

Dynamic chirality of iminoresorcin[4]arenes that originates from keto–enol tautomerisation was switched by non-covalent interactions with achiral molecules.
Sterically geared tris-thioureas; transmembrane chloride transporters with unusual activity and accessibility
Authors: Valkenier Hennie , Dias Christopher M. , Porter Goff Kathryn L. , Jurček Ondřej , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Davis Anthony P.
Published: August 2015

These anion carriers are among the most active reported, yet available in just one step from commercial starting materials.
A two-component hydrogelator from citrazinic acid and melamine: synthesis, intriguing role of reaction parameters and iodine adsorption study
Authors: Sarkar Sougata , Dutta Soumen , Ray Chaiti , Dutta Bipan , Chowdhury Joydeep , Pal Tarasankar
Published: August 2015

Melamine and citrazinic acid, upon solid-state grinding, produced a two-component gelator which selectively gelates water or a mixed-solvent system having water as one of the solvents. The dried hydrogel was porous and shows adsorption and storage of molecular iodine.
Factors affecting the interactions between beta-lactoglobulin and fatty acids as revealed in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Yi Changhong , Wambo Thierry O.
Published: August 2015

Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), a bovine dairy protein, is a promiscuously interacting protein that can bind multiple hydrophobic ligands.
Tunable conduction type of solution-processed germanium nanoparticle based field effect transistors and their inverter integration
Authors: Meric Zeynep , Mehringer Christian , Karpstein Nicolas , Jank Michael P. M. , Peukert Wolfgang , Frey Lothar
Published: August 2015

Top and cross-sectional view of a Ge NP layer deposited from dispersion. Due to specific ALD post processing ambipolar TFTs can be fabricated from those layers. A circuit employing two ambipolar TFTs functions as a NOT gate with an inverter gain of up to 4.
Exploring the core level shift origin of sulfur and thiolates on Pd(111) surfaces
Authors: Salvarezza Roberto Carlos , Carro Pilar
Published: August 2015

DFT calculations show that the core level shift (CLS) of the S 2p binding energy of thiol and sulfur atoms on different thiol–Pd(111) surfaces strongly depends on the adsorbed or subsurface state of sulfur atoms.
Quantum state resolved gas–surface reaction dynamics experiments: a tutorial review
Authors: Chadwick Helen , Beck Rainer D.
Published: August 2015

This tutorial review provides an introduction and overview of quantum state resolved reactivity measurements for methane chemisorption on transition metal surfaces.
Sodium intercalation chemistry in graphite
Authors: Kim Haegyeom , Hong Jihyun , Yoon Gabin , Kim Hyunchul , Park Kyu-Young , Park Min-Sik , Yoon Won-Sub , Kang Kisuk
Published: August 2015

The solvated-Na-ion intercalation in graphite is investigated in terms of stoichiometry, staging structure, and solvated ion configuration using combined experimental and theoretical studies.
Solvent free depolymerization of Kraft lignin to alkyl-phenolics using supported NiMo and CoMo catalysts
Authors: Kumar Chowdari Ramesh , Anand Narani , Kloekhorst Arjan , Cannilla Catia , Bonura Giuseppe , Frusteri Francesco , Barta Katalin , Heeres Hero Jan
Published: August 2015

The catalytic hydrotreatment of Kraft lignin using sulfided NiMo and CoMo catalysts on different acidic and basic supports (Al2O3, ZSM-5, activated carbon (AC) and MgO-La2O3) was studied in the absence of a solvent.
A cost-effective fluorescence mini-microscope for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhang Yu Shrike , Ribas João , Nadhman Akhtar , Aleman Julio , Selimović Šeila , Lesher-Perez Sasha Cai , Wang Ting , Manoharan Vijayan , Shin Su-Ryon , Damilano Alessia , Annabi Nasim , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Takayama Shuichi , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: August 2015

A miniature microscope was designed and fabricated with built-in fluorescence capability for biomedical applications.
Differential detergent sensitivity of extracellular vesicle subpopulations
Authors: Osteikoetxea Xabier , Sódar Barbara , Németh Andrea , Szabó-Taylor Katalin , Pálóczi Krisztina , Vukman Krisztina V. , Tamási Viola , Balogh Andrea , Kittel Ágnes , Pállinger Éva , Buzás Edit Irén
Published: August 2015

This work shows for the first time that exosomes are more resistant to detergents than microvesicles and apoptotic bodies.
Bleaching systems in domestic laundry detergents: a review
Authors: Bianchetti Giulia O. , Devlin Carolyn L. , Seddon Kenneth R.
Published: August 2015

This review summarises the development of oxygen-based bleaching systems in domestic laundry detergents and highlights the current research targets in this area.
“Pop-slide” patterning: rapid fabrication of microstructured PDMS gasket slides for biological applications
Authors: Ramji Ramesh , Khan Nafeesa T. , Muñoz-Rojas Andrés , Miller-Jensen Kathryn
Published: August 2015

A “pop-slide” patterning approach to easily produce micro structured gasket layer on glass for biological applications.
Polyaniline–ionic liquid derived ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite: synthesis and supercapacitive behavior
Authors: Kazemi Sayed Habib , Karimi Babak , Aghdam Siamak Abdollahi , Behzadnia Hesam , Kiani Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2015

A nanocomposite of polyaniline formed within ionic liquid derived ordered mesoporous carbon (PANi@IOMC) was prepared by polymerization of aniline in the presence of IOMC for electrochemical capacitors.
A novel and effective method to fabricate flame retardant and smoke suppressed flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Pan Ying , Zhan Jing , Pan Haifeng , Wang Wei , Ge Hua , Song Lei , Hu Yuan
Published: August 2015

In the present work, magnesium hydroxide were successfully deposited on the surface of flexible polyurethane foam to suppress its flammability and smoke production.
Effects of extrusion draw ratio on the morphology, structure and mechanical properties of poly(l-lactic acid) fabricated using solid state ram extrusion
Authors: Yin Hua-Mo , Xu Huan , Zhang Jin , Chen Jing-Bin , Lei Jun , Xu Jia-Zhuang , Li Zhong-Ming
Published: August 2015

The utilization of an SSRE technique induced highly oriented PLLA.
Memristive behaviour in inkjet printed graphene oxide thin layers
Authors: Porro S. , Ricciardi C.
Published: August 2015

The hysteretic characteristics typical of bipolar memristive switching in a MIM-type memristor based on graphene oxide deposited by inkjet printing are discussed and correlated to the structural and compositional analysis of the materials.
The effect of a short term biofilm-aeration treatment on energy recovery in microbial electrolysis cells
Authors: Liu Chong , Liu Wenzong , Liu Jia , Zhou Xu , Wang Aijie , Nan Jun
Published: August 2015

Short-term air exposure to biofilm effectively inhibited methanogenesis in a MEC bioanode during 24 h batch operation. Compared to the anaerobic control, biofilm aeration increased H2 yield but presented little damage to the Coulombic efficiency.
Adsorption behavior and removal mechanism of arsenic on graphene modified by iron–manganese binary oxide (FeMnOx/RGO) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhu Jin , Lou Zimo , Liu Yu , Fu Ruiqi , Baig Shams Ali , Xu Xinhua
Published: August 2015

Graphene has been used as a supporting matrix to disperse FeMnOx due to its huge specific surface area, and the synthesized novel composite adsorbent (FeMnOx/RGO) was employed for arsenic removal.
Facile synthesis of ultra-small ruthenium oxide nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Amir F. Z. , Pham V. H. , Dickerson J. H.
Published: August 2015

We report a facile and environment friendly approach to prepare ultra-small RuO2–RGO nanoparticle hybrid electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.
N-terminal aromatic tag induced self assembly of tryptophan–arginine rich ultra short sequences and their potent antibacterial activity
Authors: Joshi Seema , Dewangan Rikeshwer P. , Yar Mohammad Shahar , Rawat Diwan S. , Pasha Santosh
Published: August 2015

Novel, ultra short, N-terminal modified tryptophan–arginine rich sequence undergoes facile self assembly in water and exhibit excellent anti-MRSA activity.
Porous barium–organic frameworks with highly efficient catalytic capacity and fluorescence sensing ability
Authors: Liu Fuling , Xu Yuwen , Zhao Lianming , Zhang Liangliang , Guo Wenyue , Wang Rongming , Sun Daofeng
Published: August 2015

Through single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation, highly active Ba2+open metal sites are achieved in porous MOFs, which exhibit efficient catalytic capacity for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones and show excellent fluorescence sensing of DMSO molecules.
Pt coupled ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals as a breakthrough photocatalyst for Fenton-like processes – photodegradation treatments from hours to seconds
Authors: Lee Kuan-Ting , Chuah Xui-Fang , Cheng Yu-Chieh , Lu Shih-Yuan
Published: August 2015

Pt coupled ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals, a breakthrough photocatalyst for Fenton-like processes, enable substantial shortening of photocatalytic degradation treatment time.
Mussel and fish scale-inspired underwater superoleophobic kapok membranes for continuous and simultaneous removal of insoluble oils and soluble dyes in water
Authors: Zhang Junping , Wu Lei , Zhang Yujie , Wang Aiqin
Published: August 2015

Kapok membranes with excellent underwater superoleophobicity, high adsorption properties for water-soluble dyes, and high stability and flexibility are fabricated.
Multi-arm carriers composed of an antioxidant lignin core and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) derivative arms for highly efficient gene delivery
Authors: Jiang Shan , Kai Dan , Dou Qing Qing , Loh Xian Jun
Published: August 2015

A lignin-based copolymer with good biocompability was successfully preparedviaatom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for efficient gene delivery.
Surfaces having dual affinity for plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator: in situ plasmin generation and clot lysis
Authors: Liu Qi , Li Dan , Zhan Wenjun , Luan Yafei , Du Hui , Liu Xiaoli , Brash John L. , Chen Hong
Published: August 2015

In situ activation of a surface-integrated zymogen was achieved by introducing affinity ligands for both the zymogen and its activator.
Optoelectronic characteristics of a near infrared light photodetector based on a topological insulator Sb2Te3film
Authors: Zheng Kun , Luo Lin-Bao , Zhang Teng-Fei , Liu Yu-Hung , Yu Yong-Qiang , Lu Rui , Qiu Huai-Li , Li Zhong-Jun , Andrew Huang J. C.
Published: August 2015

In this study, we present a photodetector based on a topological insulator Sb2Te3thin film, which shows an obvious photoresponse to near infrared light with good responsivity, photoconductive gain and detectivity.
Embedded space–time codes for multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems in Rayleigh fading
Authors: Norouzi Mandana , Wu Yuteng , Attang Edidiong , Ellis Robert B. , Atkin Guillermo
Published: August 2015

In this study, novel designs of embedded space–time multiplexing codes are presented. The space–time codes are constructed initially based on the decomposition of normal matrices that produce diagonal structures. The eigenvalue decomposition of circulant matrices, a type of normal matrices, can generate these codes. A key constraint in the design is that only the diagonal matrices are function of data. Since the components of the diagonal matrix are linear combinations of the data, the codes are called embedded. These codes provide an embedded diversity, full rate and enable multi‐user applications with reduced interference. Later constructions in Galois fields are used to reduce the constellations expansion introduced by the dependency of the eigenvalues of the diagonal matrix to the data. The pairwise error probability for the codes is derived. Performance of the codes based on simulation and theoretical analysis, are compared with the conventional spatial‐multiplexing codes and other complex orthogonal designs. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed codes. Simulation has been done for Rayleigh‐fading channels with known channel‐state information.
Acceptability of driving an equipped vehicle with drive recorder: the impact of the context
Authors: Eyssartier Chloé
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study conducted in the S_VRAI project [saving lives by road incident analysis feedback] is to present results about the acceptability of equipping a vehicle with an event data recorder (EDR) without feedback. Five focus groups were conducted in two different French Civil Service departments. Lack of privacy, volunteering, anonymity and the data access are main elements of the acceptability of the EDR. The results show also the importance of the societal and professional context when studying the acceptability of an EDR. However, all these elements need to be moderated by the corporate culture.
Mesoscale evolution of voids and microstructural changes in HMX-based explosives during heating through the β-δ phase transition
Authors: Willey Trevor M. , Lauderbach Lisa , Gagliardi Franco , van Buuren Tony , Glascoe Elizabeth A. , Tringe Joseph W. , Lee Jonathan R. I. , Springer H. Keo , Ilavsky Jan
Published: August 2015

HMX-based explosives LX-10 and PBX-9501 were heated through the β-δ phase transition. Ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and molecular diffraction were simultaneously recorded as the HMX was heated. Mesoscale voids and structure dramatically change promptly with the β-δ phase transition, rather than with other thermal effects. Also, x-ray induced damage, observed in the USAXS, occurs more readily at elevated temperatures; as such, the dose was reduced to mitigate this effect. Optical microscopy performed during a similar heating cycle gives an indication of changes on longer length scales, while x-ray microtomography, performed before and after heating, shows the character of extensive microstructural damage resulting from the temperature cycle and solid-state phase transition.
Tensor space representations of Temperley–Lieb algebra and generalized permutation matrices
Authors: Bytsko Andrei
Published: August 2015

Orthogonal projections in ℂn ⊗ ℂn of rank one and rank two that give rise to unitary tensor space representations of the Temperley–Lieb algebra TLN(Q) are considered. In the rank one case, a complete classification of solutions is given. In the rank two case, solutions with Q varying in the ranges [2n/3, ∞) and [n/2,∞) are constructed for n = 3k and n = 4k, k ∈ ℕ, respectively.
High-performance giant-magnetoresistance junction with B2-disordered Heusler alloy based Co2MnAl/Ag/Co2MnAl trilayer
Authors: Li Yang , Xia Jihong , Wang Guangzhao , Yuan Hongkuan , Chen Hong
Published: August 2015

The current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (MR) devices with full-Heulser Co2MnAl (CMA) electrodes and a Ag spacer have been simulated to investigate the relationship between the transport properties and the structural disordering of electrodes by performing first-principles electronic structure and ballistic transport calculations. The CMA electrode has nearly negligible interfacial roughness in both L21 and B2-types. The transmission coefficient Tσ(E,k→//) is found strongly dependent on the structures of the trilayers for different structural CMA electrodes. High majority-spin electron conductance in the magnetization parallel configuration turns up in the entire k→-plane and the MR ratio reaches as high as over 90% for the B2-based CMA/Ag/CMA magnetic trilayers. In contrast, the L21-based one has ∼60% MR ratio resulting from much lower bulk spin-asymmetry coefficient (β), which might be caused by the vibrational spin-polarization in each atomic layer adjacent to the interfaces in the corresponding model. The patterns of Tσ(E,k→//) indicates that B2-based CMA/Ag/CMA magnetic trilayers are promising giant magnetoresistance junctions with high performance.
White light Z-scan measurements of ultrafast optical nonlinearity in reduced graphene oxide nanosheets in the 400–700 nm region
Authors: Perumbilavil Sreekanth , Sankar Pranitha , Priya Rose T. , Philip Reji
Published: August 2015

Wavelength dispersion of optical power limiting is an important factor to be considered while designing potential optical limiters for laser safety applications. We report the observation of broadband, ultrafast optical limiting in reduced graphene oxide (rGO), measured by a single open aperture Z-scan using a white light continuum (WLC) source. WLC Z-scan is fast when the nonlinearity is to be measured over broad wavelength ranges, and it obviates the need for an ultrafast tunable laser making it cost-economic compared to conventional Z-scan. The nonlinearity arises from nondegenerate two-photon absorption, owing mostly to the crystallinity and extended π conjugation of rGO.
Design guidelines for optimization of an inertially coupled energy harvesting generator from boat motion
Authors: Hendijanizadeh M. , Sharkh S. M. , Moshrefi-Torbati M.
Published: August 2015

This paper proposes a set of guideline for optimum design of an energy harvester from the vertical motion of small boats and yachts. The device comprises a sprung mass coupled to an electrical generator using a ball screw. The mathematical equations describing the dynamics of the system are derived. The equations are used as a basis for determining the optimum device parameters, namely, its mass, spring stiffness, ball screw lead, and load resistance. The process of design optimization is presented as an integrated part of the design guidelines, to maximize the system output power and efficiency within practical constraints. In addition, the experimental results of testing a ball screw based energy harvester are presented. The main purpose of conducting the experiment is to observe the performance of the system and validate the dynamic equations of the system. The experimental results that investigate the frequency response, relation between base and relative displacements and the output power profile are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical calculations.
Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn and Fe-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Stella C. , Soundararajan N. , Ramachandran K.
Published: August 2015

Mn and Fe-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a simple precipitation method. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. XRD analysis showed the cubic structure of Co3O4. SEM and TEM images confirmed the formation of interconnected nanoparticles. Mn and Fe-doped Co3O4 showed broad absorption in the visible region compared to undoped sample and the band gap values are red shifted. Five Raman active modes were observed from the Raman spectra. FTIR spectra confirmed the spinel structure of Co3O4 and the doping of Mn and Fe shifts the vibrational modes to lower wave number region. The magnetic measurements confirmed that Fe-doped Co3O4 shows a little ferromagnetic behavior compared to undoped and Mn-doped Co3O4, which could be related to the uncompensated surface spins and the finite size effects.
Survival strategies of the root tuberous geophyte Chamaescilla corymbosa in a Mediterranean-climate rock-outcrop environment
Authors: Shane Michael W. , Pate John S.
Published: August 2015

This field-based study aimed to identify adaptive traits that operate interactively and sequentially towards survival and growth of the perennial geophyte Chamaescilla corymbosa when inhabiting shallow soils on exposed granite outcrops in south-western Australia. During an annual cycle of growth and dormancy, we measured changes in biomass partitioning, mineral nutrient concentrations in root tubers, leaves, roots and seed. Anatomical and histochemical analyses of fleshy-root tubers included identification and quantification of key carbohydrate and free amino acid reserves. During the course of the growing season, developing root tubers accumulated fructans, raffinose and sucrose to maximal concentration at the onset of summer dormancy. Water content of root tubers was similar in summer or winter (79% or 84%, respectively). Accumulation of carbohydrates and development of a lignified and suberised hypodermis are likely to protect aestivating root tubers from desiccation during hot, dry summer. Assimilates and mineral resources acquired in the winter growing season were shown to be preferentially allocated for new tuber production, as opposed to sexual reproduction. Accumulation of key nitrogenous solutes and phosphorus in root tubers before dormancy suggested an adaptive response of the species to soils with inherently low concentrations of available nutrients. Experiments on field-grown populations showed the species to be responsive to delayed commencement of seasonal growth by reducing size and number of root tubers; however, plants still survived until the next growing season. Results are discussed against previous studies of other geophytes on rock outcrops and other similarly testing environments.
Nothofagus trees show genotype difference that influence infection by mistletoes, Misodendraceae
Authors: Vidal-Russell Romina , Premoli Andrea C.
Published: August 2015

Nothofagus trees host Misodendrum, an endemic mistletoe of the subantarctic forests of Chile and Argentina. Differences in the infection intensity on a given host and patches of infected trees are observed within the forest. We used allozymes to test for genetic differences between uninfected and infected Nothofagus trees (Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forst.) Oerst.) by two species of Misodendrum (Misodendrum linearifolium DC. and Misodendrum punctulatum DC.) at three sites. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination was performed using the presence of each of 26 total alleles in 166 trees of N. antarctica (89 uninfected and 77 infected). Sites with higher degrees of infection by M. punctulatum can be distinguished in the ordination. The number of infections per tree has a significant correlation with the ordination axis. ANOSIM analysis showed significant differences between infected and uninfected trees when they were infected by M. punctulatum but not by M. linearifolium. Differences between sites were also found, but the two sites with higher degrees of infection by M. punctulatum did not differ from each other. The intrapopulation genetic structure of N. antarctica could be maintained by the mistletoe Misodendrum through host selection.
Investigation of the Photophysical Properties of a Eu3+ Coordination Polymer Bearing an α-Nitrile Substituted β-Diketonate Ligand via Emission and Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Reid Brodie L. , Moore Evan G. , Skelton Brian W. , Ogden Mark I. , Massi Massimiliano
Published: August 2015

Reaction of the β-diketone ligand, 2-cyano-1,3-phenyl-1,3-propandione (LH), with hydrated EuCl3 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), results in the crystallisation of a one-dimensional Eu3+ coordination polymer of formulation [Eu(Phen)(L)3]∞, formed by coordination of the nitrile group of an O,O′-bound ligand to a neighbouring metal centre. An investigation of the metal-centred emission of the polymer, both in the solid state and solution, revealed red emission characterised by relatively long-lived excited state lifetimes and high intrinsic quantum yields. However, analysis of the overall quantum yield and sensitisation efficiency reveals that ultrafast processes in the ligand potentially inhibit Eu3+ sensitisation. Further investigations into these processes using transient absorption spectroscopy suggest that substitution at the α-C position may significantly decrease sensitisation via the antenna effect.