bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño de juegos para el abordaje de lugares geométricos en la formación inicial de profesores de primaria
Authors: Milani Celina , Scaglia Sara , Kiener Fabiana
Published: September 2020

Describimos en estudio de caso cualitativo que incluye el diseño y análisis, por parte de futuros docentes del nivel primario, de situaciones lúdicas para implementar con niños de este nivel, que habiliten la emergencia de lugares geométricos. Las situaciones diseñadas se ponen en práctica en el mismo grupo de futuros profesores, con  el fin de analizarlas desde un punto de vista matemático y didáctico.Las tareas resultaron propicias para reflexionar acerca de los elementos que determinan los lugares geométricos circunferencia y bisectriz. Sin embargo, las situaciones diseñadas por los futuros docentes no cumplieron los principios requeridos para que la actividad lúdica conduzca a aprendizajes significativos. Por esa razón, proponemos dedicar espacios para abordar la noción de juego didáctico y sus características durante la formación inicial de docentes de primaria.
Silicate Ions as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Chloride-Contaminated Concrete Pore Simulating Solutions
Authors: Montes F. , Frontini A. , Vázquez M. , Valcarce M.B.
Published: September 2020

Silicate ions were tested as corrosion inhibitors for construction steel using concrete pore simulating solutions contaminated with chloride ions. The results were compared to those from solutions with no silicate and with no silicate and no chloride ions. The evaluation included typical electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, polarization curves, and weight loss evaluation after a 60 day immersion. Surface analysis was undertaken using micro-Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Polarization curves showed no sign of pitting and low corrosion current densities if silicate ions were present, even when chloride ions were also in the system. In parallel, no localized attack was observed after 60 days of immersion in solutions containing an inhibitor/chloride = 1 ratio. Cyclic voltammograms and XPS spectra indicated that the presence of silicate ions affects the composition and thickness of the passive film: the film becomes thinner and contains more Fe(II) species. All of the results showed that silicate ions act as promising inhibiting agents.
Is a more physical representation of aerosol activation needed for simulations of fog?
Authors: Poku Craig , Ross Andrew N. , Hill Adrian A. , Blyth Alan M. , Shipway Ben
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Aerosols play a crucial role in the fog life cycle, as they determine the droplet number concentration, and hence droplet size, which in turn controls both the fog's optical thickness and life span. Detailed aerosol-microphysics schemes which accurately represent droplet formation and growth are unsuitable for weather forecasting and climate models, as the computational power required to calculate droplet formation would dominate the treatment of the rest of the physics in the model. A simple method to account for droplet formation is the use of an aerosol activation scheme, which parameterises the droplet number concentration based on a change in supersaturation at a given time. Traditionally, aerosol activation parameterisation schemes were designed for convective clouds and assume that supersaturation is reached through adiabatic lifting, with many imposing a minimum vertical velocity (e.g. 0.1 m/s) to account for unresolved sub-grid ascent. In radiation fog, the measured updrafts during initial formation are often insignificant, with radiative cooling being the dominant process leading to saturation. As a result, there is a risk that many aerosol activation schemes will overpredict the initial fog number concentration, which in turn may result in the fog transitioning to an optically thick layer too rapidly. This paper presents a more physically-based aerosol activation scheme that can account for a change in saturation due to non-adiabatic processes. Using an offline model, our results show that the minimum updraft velocity threshold assumption can overpredict the droplet number by up to 70 % in comparison to a cooling rate found in fog formation. The new scheme has been implemented in the Met Office Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Cloud (MONC) LES model, and tested using observations of a radiation fog case study based in Cardington, UK. The results in this work show that using a more physically-based method of aerosol activation leads to the calculation of a more appropriate cloud droplet number. As a result, there is a slower transition to an optically thick (well-mixed) fog that is more in-line with observations. The results shown in this paper demonstrate the importance of aerosol activation representation in fog modelling, and the impact that the cloud droplet number has on processes linked to the formation and development of radiation fog. Unlike the previous parameterisation for aerosol activation, the revised scheme is suitable to simulate aerosol activation in both fog and convective cloud regimes.
Real-world measurement and mechanical-analysis-based-verification of NOx and CO2 emissions from in-use heavy-duty vehicle
Authors: Hata Hiroo , Kokuryo Kazuo , Ogata Takehiko , Kugata Masahiko , Yanai Koichi , Okada Megumi , Funakubo Chikage , Yamazaki Minoru , Hoshi Junya
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to measure the real-world driving emissions pertaining to a Japanese middle-sized heavy-duty vehicle. The testing was performed with the vehicle being driven in the metropolitan area of Tokyo in four seasons (January, June, August, and November) to analyze the seasonal dependence of NOx and CO2 emissioans. The experimental results indicated that the amount of NOx emissions was particularly high in the cold season, owing to the slow starting of the NOx detoxification systems, that is, the exhaust gas recirculation and urea-selective-catalytic-reduction systems, under low ambient temperature conditions. In the real-world driving, a high acceleration pattern was observed in the low-speed region, which is not considered in the world harmonized vehicle cycle, which is the worldwide official driving mode in the chassis dynamometer experiment. Finally, the transient emission tables for NOx and CO2 were constructed based on the PEMS measurement results and the classical mechanic theory. The constructed tables well replicated the experimental results in all the considered conditions involving different ambient temperatures and locations. The proposed approach can be used to evaluate emission inventories in the future.
On the barium-oxygen consumption relationship in the Mediterranean Sea: implications for mesopelagic marine snow remineralisation
Authors: Jacquet Stéphanie H. M. , Lefèvre Dominique , Tamburini Christian , Garel Marc , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C. , Bhairy Nagib , Roumagnac Marie , Guasco Sophie
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In the ocean, remineralisation rate associated with sinking particles is a crucial variable. Since the 90's, particulate biogenic barium (Baxs) has been used as an indicator of carbon remineralization by applying a transfer function relating Baxs to O2 consumption (Dehairs's transfer function, Southern Ocean-based). Here, we tested its validity in the Mediterranean Sea (ANTARES / EMSO-LO) for the first time by investigating connections between Baxs, prokaryotic heterotrophic production (PHP) and oxygen consumption (JO2-Opt; optodes measurement). We show that: (1) higher Baxs (409 pM; 100–500 m) in situations where integrated PHP (PHP100/500 = 0.90) is located deeper, (2) higher Baxs with increasing JO2-Opt, and (3) similar magnitude between JO2-Opt (3.14 mmol m−2 d−1; 175–450 m) and JO2-Ba (4.59 mmol m−2 d−1; transfer function). Overall, Baxs, PHP and JO2 relationships follow trends observed in the Southern Ocean. We believe that such transfer function could apply in the Mediterranean Sea with no restriction.
Changes in the composition of marine and sea-ice diatoms derived from sedimentary ancient DNA of the eastern Fram Strait over the past 30 000 years
Authors: Zimmermann Heike H. , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Kruse Stefan , Müller Juliane , Stein Ruediger , Tiedemann Ralf , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Fram Strait is an area with a relatively low and
irregular distribution of diatom microfossils in surface sediments, and thus
microfossil records are scarce, rarely exceed the Holocene, and contain
sparse information about past richness and taxonomic composition. These
attributes make the Fram Strait an ideal study site to test the utility of
sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding. Amplifying a short, partial
rbcL marker from samples of sediment core MSM05/5-712-2 resulted in 95.7 %
of our sequences being assigned to diatoms across 18 different families, with
38.6 % of them being resolved to species and 25.8 % to genus level.
Independent replicates show a high similarity of PCR products, especially in
the oldest samples. Diatom sedaDNA richness is highest in the Late Weichselian
and lowest in Mid- and Late Holocene samples. Taxonomic composition is
dominated by cold-water and sea-ice-associated diatoms and suggests several
reorganisations – after the Last Glacial Maximum, after the Younger Dryas, and after the Early and after the Mid-Holocene. Different sequences assigned to,
amongst others, Chaetoceros socialis indicate the detectability of intra-specific diversity
using sedaDNA. We detect no clear pattern between our diatom sedaDNA record and
the previously published IP25 record of this core, although proportions
of pennate diatoms increase with higher IP25 concentrations and
proportions of Nitzschia cf. frigida exceeding 2 % of the assemblage point towards past
sea-ice presence.
Relationship between Wound Severity, Discomfort, and Psychological Problems in Patients with a Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gayatri Dewi , Nurachmah Elly , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Soewondo Pradana , Suriadi Suriadi
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between wound severity, discomfort, and psychological problems in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted in three general hospitals and one clinic in Indonesia. The Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT), the discomfort evaluation of wound instrument (DEWI), and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) are used to measure the variables of interest. Path analysis is performed to evaluate the association between wound severity, discomfort, and psychological problems.

Results: Of 140 patients with diabetic foot ulcers who joined this study, the majority experienced immobilization (74.3 %), pain (69.3 %), and sleep disturbance (63.6 %). The means were as follows: discomfort (2.35 ± 0.33), depression (1.34 ± 0.41), stress (1.49 ± 0.48), anxiety (1.43 ± 0.40), and wound severity (31.35 ± 9.96). Discomfort partially mediated the relationship between wound severity and psychological problems, which indirect effect was 0.11.

Conclusion: High prevalence of discomfort, both physical and psychological, was found in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer. Discomfort mediates the relationship between wound severity and psychological problems. Integrating comfort into wound care management may help to reduce the psychological burden.
Father Committed to Early Parenting from the First Father-child Contact Experienced at Birth
Authors: García-Portuguez Valentina Andrea , Muñoz-Serrano Mónica , Uribe-Torres Claudia
Published: September 2020

Objective: To know how the phenomenon of active paternal upbringing is shown from the father-child contact experience during birth.

Method: Analysis of secondary information from a qualitative study of a phenomenological nature. Transcripts of interviews and focus groups of all the fathers who participated in a father-child contact protocol for a doctoral thesis.

Results: The study revealed the global structure of the phenomenon, whose central axis corresponds to “father who advances towards the integral connection with his child and is committed with parenting”, and its three comprehensive categories: expectations of being a father and actor in parenting; the experience of being a father at birth time; and the everyday of the upbringing.

Conclusion: Prenatal preparation and skin-to-skin contact during birth mobilize the father towards commitment and involvement with the upbringing of his child from the beginning.
Coping with University Students' Boredom in Classroom: A Behavioral Perspective
Authors: Hu Xinhua
Published: September 2020

In the digital age, influenced by various electronic devices, social networking applications and video games, boredom deepens in university classrooms. According to B. J. Fogg’s Behavior Model, university students feel boring in the classroom, and difficult to carry out their learning behavior, it is because of at least one factor is absent among learning motivation, learning ability and triggering factors. University teachers should start with the above three factors and take reasonable ways to motivate students' internal and external learning motivation according to the requirements of different motivations, effectively match learning ability and learning tasks, set a reasonable task difficulty for students' learning, and design the learning tasks based on the problem solving in and out of the class involving students as the main body of learning. These measures will trigger students' enthusiasm for learning, shielding boring emotions, and implementing learning behaviors spontaneously.
The Effect of 8-Week Balance Training on the Agility, Strength, Balance Performance and Tennis Skills of 10-14 Year-Old Tennis Players
Authors: Ergin Esin , Arslan Engin
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed to examine the effect of an 8-week balance training on the agility, strength, balance performance and tennis skills of tennis players aged 10-14. The study was participated by 19 tennis players (10 males and 9 females) playing in the EA Tennis Academy. The participants were selected randomly and divided into two groups as experimental group (9 players) and the control groups (10 players). Firstly, vertical jump, pro-agility, dynamic balance and ITN tennis skills tests were applied to all the participants. After all the test were completed, the experimental group were applied 8 weeks of balance and tennis training while the players in the control group continued tennis training only. The same tests were applied to the participants at the end of the 8 weeks. The findings of the study showed statistically significant improvement in the agility, balance index and tennis skills tests in the pre-test and post-tests of the experimental group (p = 0.034, p = 0.025, p = 0.003), whereas improvement was seen only in the tennis skills test of the control group (p = 0.000). In addition, no statistically significant difference was found in the vertical jump performance used to determine the explosive strength both in the experimental and control groups. As for the difference between groups, a significant difference was found only in the pro-agility post-tests of the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it was revealed that balance training would improve agility and balance in 10-14 year-old children as well as contributing to their tennis skills. Therefore, it is considered that balance training should be included in training plans.
Analyzing Quality of University Life Perceptions of the Students of School of Physical Education and Sports
Authors: Arıkan Gökhan
Published: September 2020

In this sense, the improvements to be made for all the dimensions in the scale highlight the importance of this study to determine the problems students will encounter during their school life and to reflect these experiences to students or athletes after graduation. Quality of school life can be considered as an indicator of students’ communication, love and respect towards other individuals at the school, and their satisfaction with all kinds of physical and social facilities of the school. In the field of quality of school life education, research has examined the issue of quality of university life, which is the highest level of education and training. The educational structure and administrative differences of universities made it compulsory to examine the quality of university life separately. Quality of university life includes the level of satisfaction with the university and the constructive experiences of students in the learning process. The study aimed to examine the differences of Harran University School of Physical Education and Sports students’ scores obtained from the dimensions of the “Quality of University Life Scale” according to gender, athlete identity, year of study, age, and residence variables. The research consisted of 311 participants in total, 135 females and 176 males. Independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to determine whether the quality of university life varied according to the variables of students. A statistically significant difference was found in social opportunities dimension in favor of males, in participation in decisions dimension in favor of females, and in student-student communication dimension in favor of males, and in identity, social opportunities and future dimensions according to year of study (p < .05). In the study, no difference was found among students regarding the gender variable and quality of life. As a result, it is thought that increasing the quality of life in universities will increase the academic success of the student group, and the faculties will become institutions that train more qualified, happier and equipped teachers.
What competence do software companies want from university graduates?
Authors: Stålhane Tor , Deraas Bendik , Sindre Guttorm
Published: September 2020

Abstract

An important concern for study program design is the employability of candidates. This paper seeks to establish what competence is sought by employers of IT candidates, based on interviews with representatives from 120 Norwegian companies working with IT. The results have been analysed to identify what the IT industry expect from university candidates. For the whole sample, the most frequently mentioned characteristics were programming knowledge, adaptability, the willingness to learn new things and problem-solving skills.  If we only consider the companies that develop software, the most frequently mentioned characteristics were programming knowledge, the willingness to learn new things and communication skills. The interviewees were also asked which characteristics that they were missing from university candidates. The most mentioned shortcomings were practical experience with coding and maintenance, adaptability and communication skills when relating to clients. Towards the end of the article, it is discussed how the university can improve in these respects.

The industry’s focus on adaptability and the willingness to learn new things indicates that the time when it was considered important that graduates knew how to use specific tools is over. The IT-industry has come to realize that they cannot escape a future of frequent changes to tools and methods.
Through the lens of work-integrated learning: Staff experiences of participating in person-centredness coach training in a Swedish hospital
Authors: Alverbratt Catrin E. , Almkvist Hall Charlotte T.
Published: September 2020

Background/Objective: Over the past decade, many scientific articles have focused on the importance of person-centred care (or person centredness) in the health care sector. In practice, however, person centredness is difficult to operationalise. Thus, the role of “person-centredness coach” was created in a Swedish hospital to provide information, education, and reflection on person centredness. The aim was to describe this new role of a person-centeredness coach, and how the coaches experienced the development of a person-centred working method.Methods: Qualitative semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with nine nursing staff. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.Results: The analysis resulted in three categories with seven subcategories: an eye opener (with the subcategories of a welcome change and person centredness throughout the organisation); an obstacle with potential (with the subcategories of theoretical vs. practical development of person centredness, difficulties in developing person centredness and proposals for promoting patient participation); and a challenging role (with the subcategories of necessary but a role that takes a long time to develop and the importance of favourable conditions).Conclusions: The person-centredness coaches believed that the person-centred approach was important and that it should be the foundation of all care work within health care but, despite this, had difficulty in integrating person centredness into their practice. The person-centredness coaches found the coach training rewarding. They perceived that, from a learning perspective and through the lens of work-integrated learning, the results could be related to creating praxis, which may be seen as a development area for further research in operationalising person centredness.
Subjunctive in Russian relative clauses
Authors: Dobrushina Nina
Published: September 2020

The paper aims at determining the factors that trigger the choice of subjunctive in relative clauses, where it freely alternates with indicative forms. The factors are established on a basis of frequency of occurrence in Russian National Corpus (www.ruscorpora.ru) and include the referential status of the noun heading the relative clause, the polarity, semantic type and epistemic status of the main predicate and the affirmative vs. interrogative status of the whole sentence.
Loving and hating in English and Portuguese: A corpus-based contrastive study
Authors: Oksefjell Ebeling Signe
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho, inspirado pelo artigo de Stig Johansson szbre “Loving and hating” em inglês e norueguês (Johansson 1998), aplica métodos semelhantes ao par português–inglês.

Usando traduções nos dois sentidos no ENPC, Johansson comparou os verbos love e hate em inglês com as suas contrapartidas norueguesas elske e hate, concluindo que há diferenças entre o uso destes verbos, embora sejam altamente correlacionados. Os verbos noruegueses exprimem em geral um sentimento forte, enquanto os verbos ingleses também são usados num sentido mais fraco, mais frequente em combinação com objetos não humanos ou completivas.

Com base num subconjunto do COMPARA, o presente estudo investiga o que se pode concluir da comparação entre love e hate ingleses e os verbos amar e odiar em português. Os resultados são menos claros: se, por um lado, os verbos portugueses parecem alinhar com os noruegueses no sentido de terem uma área de aplicação mais restrita do que os ingleses, por outro lado o verbo odiar é muito mais usado com objetos não humanos do que o verbo norueguês hate. Esta e outras observações contrastivas sugerem que é mais fácil em português do que em norueguês atribuir a objetos não humanos “sentimentos fortes”, enquanto que em inglês os verbos são usados com um sentido mais fraco.
SentiLex-PT: Principais características e potencialidades
Authors: Carvalho Paula , Silva Mário J.
Published: September 2020

This paper describes the main characteristics of SentiLex-PT, a sentiment lexicon designed for the extraction of sentiment and opinion about human entities in Portuguese texts. The potential of this resource is illustrated on its application to two types of corpora, the SentiCorpus-PT, a social media corpus, consisting of user comments to news articles, and a literary piece of the early twentieth century, The Poor (Os Pobres), by Raul Brandão. The data were processed by UNITEX, a natural language processing system based on dictionaries and grammars.
Two base generated structures for ditransitives in European Portuguese
Authors: Brito Ana Maria
Published: September 2020

O artigo retoma um tema muito discutido na bibliografia sintática, a questão de saber se o Português Europeu tem alternância dativa. Será proposto que nesta língua há duas estruturas sintáticas basicamente engendradas para as construções ditransitivas e, deste modo, o Português Europeu terá alternância dativa, mas num sentido muito diferente do que tem o Inglês e outras línguas germânicas. Será proposto que não se justifica o nó aplicativo nesta língua e que a preposição é, nas duas construções, o mesmo tipo de preposição, essencialmente um marcador de caso dativo. As razões para a proposta são certos factos de ordem de palavras, anteposição, ligação e escopo.
Ensinador Paralelo: Alicerces para uma pedagogia nova
Authors: Santos Diana , Simões Alberto
Published: September 2020

After outlining some of Belinda Maia’s main ideas of how to use comparable corpora in translation teaching and learning, we present a new translator training tool: Ensinador Paralelo. It is an extension of Ensinador, originally developed for use with monolingual corpora (Simões & Santos 2011). This new tool produces exercises based on translations (previously done by pro- fessional translators or students, as we will see).

In order to make the text more interesting to Belinda Maia we also study critically four translations of Lewis Carroll’s children books.
Estudos de Terminologia no Brasil: diálogos com Portugal
Authors: Finatto Maria José Bocorny
Published: September 2020

This paper contrasts some texts that deal with the history of the terminology research in Brazil, especially the research aimed to extract or recognize terminology in corpora, a widespread practice among us only from the year 2000, with pioneering texts on this topic produced by Portuguese researchers, represented here by Belinda Maia. The intention is to recognize her role as disseminator of the corpus-based methodologies. The paper follows showing how the dialogue between the Terminology studies from Brazil and Portugal is important for the promotion of Portuguese language in the global scenario of scientific and technical communication.
Estudo preliminar da anáfora num corpus de interpretação simultânea
Authors: Araújo Sílvia , Correia Ana
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose an exploratory study about the usefulness of multilingual corpora in areas related to the study of language, translation and, in particular, of simultaneous interpreting. After a brief overview of corpus-based interpreting studies as well as of some existing electronic interpreting corpora, we move on to describe the compilation stages of a bidirectional multimedia corpus (PT--EN/EN--PT). This is followed by an example of how the corpus can be explored, which focuses on the issue of anaphoric relations. The aim of this study if twofold: on the one hand, to convey the relevance of this type of resource as a repository of authentic simultaneous interpreting data; and, on the other hand, to demonstrate that by analysing it from a linguistic perspective it may be possible to identify sensitive areas in simultaneous interpreting (e.g. anaphora), which may prove an important contribution for interpreter training.
Para uma ontologia dos estudos de tradução
Authors: Hüsgen Thomas J. C.
Published: September 2020

The need for a re-mapping of concepts in the field of translation studies is something that becomes evident today. In this context, Sonia Vandepitte (2008) proposes a renewed thesaurus that will be analyzed, discussed and completed in this article understood as a constructive contribution to a new ontology of translation.
Verbal prefixes and suffixes in nominalization: Grammatical restrictions and corpus data
Authors: Pazelskaya Anna
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to investigate the options of –nie/tie nominalization chosen by various verbal stems in Russian, as far as these options can be seen on the texts of the Russian National Corpus. The paper is in some sense an addition to Sergei Tatevosov (2009, 2011) in that it is an attempt to look beyond the grammar restrictions outlined in these works.
Time reference in Russian causative constructions
Authors: Letuchiy Alexander
Published: September 2020

In my paper, I analyze the meaning of tense-aspect forms of Russian causative verbs, such as zastavit' 'make' and pozvolit' 'let'. I show that the situation is different, depending on whether the causer is an agent or an event. In constructions with an agentive causer the tense-aspect characteristics refers to the whole event or only to the causing event, making the causative construction similar to other biverbal constructions. In contrast, if the causer is an event, this can yield an interesting semantic effect, making the tense refer to the caused event only. In fact, the crucial thing is that the tense also refers to the caused event, but not to the event in the narrow sense, rather to its result. This posits a problem which has not been accounted for in the literature on grammatical marking of causatives.
‘allora’ e ‘entonces’: problemi teorici e dati empirici
Authors: Bazzanella Carla , Borreguero Zuloaga Margarita
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to present a first approach to the contrastive analysis of two discourse markers – the Italian "allora" and the Spanish "entonces". The two discourse markers have similar pragmatic functions and similar semantic values acquired in discourse, especially in conversational inter- action. However some differences in these interactional uses explain why Spanish learners of L2 Italian have difficulties in the use of the Italian "allora". Our point of departure is a descriptive analysis of both elements in interactional linguistic contexts. Next we examine "allora"’s functions in an audiovisual corpus of L2 Italian.
Une analyse contrastive de ‘donc’
Authors: Nome Astrid , Hobæk Haff Marianne
Published: September 2020

In this paper we analyze the French connective "donc" by comparing it with its most frequent Norwegian equivalents, "altså", "så" and "derfor". We present "donc"’s functions as both a connective and a discourse marker. Our results show that the notion of “mutual manifestness” covers all the occurrences of "donc" in the corpus, whereas it is not valid for "altså" and "så" as discourse markers. A third of the occurrences of "donc" in the corpus have no Norwegian equivalent in the corresponding source or target text. This might reflect that connectives are not always essential to coherence and the argumentation structure, and that both connectives and discourse markers are highly context sensitive.
Una classificazione dei segnali discorsivi in italiano
Authors: Khachaturyan Elizaveta
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an approach to the description of discourse markers (DMs) which is based on the studies (from semantic and syntactic perspectives) on the material of different languages. A classification of DMs elaborated during this work based on semantic and syntactic criteria is presented and illustrated, in the article, by Italian examples. The following DMs are described : davvero, veramente, dico ; diciamo (It.) - disons (Fr.) ; tu vois (Fr.).

Each subclass (independently of the individual semantics of the word) accomplishes a particular task in the discourse and is characterised by general semantic and syntactic features. Moreover, the form of the DM can often indicate to which subclass it belongs. This kind of classification can give necessary cues for contrastive analysis, it can explain as well how to distinguish DMs of the same function and help in the acquisition of DMs (L2) and in translation. The advantages of a similar approach are illustrated by several examples from Italian and French.
The role of verb semantics in genitive alternations: genitive of negation and genitive of intensionality
Authors: Partee Barbara H , Borschev Vladimir , Paducheva Elena , Testelets Yakov , Yanovich Igor
Published: September 2020

Our goal is to capture what the different instances of Gen/Nom and Gen/Acc have in common semantically while still respecting the multiplicity of factors involved and not predicting more uniformity than is actually found. Our main idea

is to treat Gen Neg and Gen Int as a “diathesis shift”, a “demotion” into a noncanonical subject or object position, semantically of type (e,t), thereby accounting for “decreased individuation/ referentiality”.
Adjuncts, attitudes and aspect: Some additions to a tense theory for Russian
Authors: Grønn Atle , Von Stechow Arnim
Published: September 2020

Compared to other languages, the temporal organisation in Russian relative clauses and temporal adverbial clauses is as simple as it can possibly be: The tense morphology is licensed locally and the adjunct tense and matrix tense are independent of each other.

It is tempting to give a purely deictic analysis of adjunct tense in Russian. However, there are some exceptions to the deictic story, the most important one being adjunct tense embedded under attitudes and modals. For these cases, we argue that the highest tense in the adjunct is anaphoric (Tpro). We show that our previous analyses of complement tense and adjunct tense can be combined to successfully treat adjuncts in such intensional contexts.

Furthermore, we discuss some residual issues in our tense theory for Russian, such as the insertion of covert tenses at LF (Russian lacks overt perfect tenses) and the integration of aspect in our system of feature transmission via semantic binding.
Cross-Linguistic Evidence and the Licensing of Implicit Arguments
Authors: Pethő Gergely , Kardos Eva
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses the occurrence and the licensing of implicit object

arguments, also referred to in the literature as null complements or

understood arguments. Functionalist accounts (such as those by

Groefsema and Németh T. which are couched in a relevance-theoretic

framework) have repeatedly claimed that this phenomenon is

fundamentally dependent on dis\-course-interpretational factors. In

particular, it has been stated that implicit arguments can be used in

Hungarian in a rather unrestricted way, and their occurrence is only

limited by considerations of interpretability. We argue against both of

these positions and try to show that cross-linguistic data can assist

in revealing the circular nature and ultimate inadequacy of existing

functional accounts of implicit argument licensing.
Place Names and Identities: The Uses of Names of Helsinki
Authors: Ainiala Terhi
Published: September 2020

The paper discusses the use of names that are used to refer to Helsinki, the capital of Finland. Three research questions are studied: Firstly, which name variants do the Helsinkians claim they use about their own home city? Secondly, how do they rationalize and explain their name use or non-use? And thirdly, in what ways do the self reported use and the spontaneous use of name variants differ from each other? The explanations for the use or non-use of specific name variants are often attached to the speaker's identity.
Complex NPI systems: Hittite data
Authors: Sideltsev Andrei
Published: September 2020

The paper explores the syntax of Hittite indefinite pronouns. It argues that two types of NPIs, i.e. indefinite pronouns licenced by different licensors (negation markers and conditionals) form two distinct classes in morphosyntactic terms.
Classical and Romance Usages of Ipse in the Vulgate
Authors: Hertzenberg Mari Johanne
Published: September 2020

In Classical Latin ipse was an intensive pronoun used to add emphasis to a noun or pronoun. In many cases it may be translated into English by ‘self’. In the modern Romance languages, on the other hand, reflexes of ipse do not have this function. Rather, ipse has developed into a demonstrative pronoun/adjective, a definite article and a third person personal pronoun. Jerome’s Vulgate translation of the New Testament represents an intermediate stage between Classical Latin and modern Romance as far as ipse is concerned. Here, Classical Latin usages of ipse appear alongside new, Romance usages. The present paper is an investigation of how ipse is used in the Vulgate.
Tone in Sezo
Authors: Mengistu Desta Girma
Published: September 2020

Sezo has two levels of tone — high and low. The two tones occur on mon-omoraic and bimoraic syllables (i.e. on short and long vowels). Rising (LH) and falling (HL) contour tones have been recorded occurring only on bi-moraic syllables. They are analyzed as composites of the high and low tones squeezed together on one bimoraic syllable as a result of diachronic and synchronic processes. Tone plays a very significant role in the lexicon of the language. It distinguishes lexical items. It also derives nominal stems from verbal roots. Unlike its importance in the lexicon, tone has a limited role in the grammar of the language. The only grammatical function of tone is to make a distinction between declarative and interrogative sentences. The key tonal processes in the language are downdrift, downstep, contour formation and total spreading of a high tone. Contour tones are formed through the partial spreading of a high tone over a low tone bearing unit and the re-linking of a floating high tone to an adjacent low tone bearing unit.
Aspects of the Morphophonology of Hamar
Authors: Yigezu Moges
Published: September 2020

Hamar is a member of the Aroid group of languages spoken by around 46,000 individuals (CSA 2008). The Hamar live in the plain lands of the semi-desert region of the rift valley in the south western corner of Ethiopia, in the South Omo Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). Their subsistence can be characterized as a mixture of pastoralism and shifting agriculture. The earliest attempts at describing the language were made available through the publications of Conti Rossini (1927) and Da Trento (1941), who provided a few comparative lists of words and grammatical sketches. Over the last few decades, however, some progress has been made in describing aspects of the structure of the language, and these include: Lydall (1976, 1988, 2000), Mary (1987), Getahun (1991), Cupi et al (2013), Binyam & Moges (2014), and Moges & Binyam (2015). Only Lydall (1976), Mary (1987) and Moges & Binyam (2015) briefly described the phonology, the latter with the aim of designing an orthography for the envisaged mother tongue education in the Hamar language. This contribution is a follow up to these previous efforts and it tries to describe aspects of the morphophonology of Hamar. In doing so, the paper gives a concise summary of the sound pattern of the language, focusing on the syllable structure, phonotactic constraints and word structure conditions that regulate the morphophonemic alternations. Three processes are found to be wide-spread in the morphophonology of the language: the spreading of nasality, the spreading of place of articulation and the spreading of manner of articulation. While nasality spreads from right to left, the spreading of place and manner features takes place from left to right.
What is in a Name? Personal Names in Hadiyya
Authors: Leyew Zelealem
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to describe the system behind personal names in Hadiyya. The bulk of the paper analyses the semantics of personal names. Hadiyya personal names express social, economic and political circumstances accompanying the birth of a child. Name givers express their wishes, desires and emotions through personal names. The close examination of names over generations indicates a gradual shift from typical Had-iyya names to modified Amharic-based names. Since the advent of Christianity in the region, Biblical names have also become common. The historical underpinnings for the shift to Amharic-based and Biblical names are language and cultural contact. All Hadiyya personal names display vowel endings that mark case and gender. Like other nouns in the language, per-sonal names can have simple, derived or compound form. Interestingly, most Hadiyya personal names can be translated freely with relative or agentive readings. Personal names can have a perfective reading describing past experience or an imperfective reading expressing wishes for the future. Though Hadiyya is a morphologically complex language and hence all the above grammatical notions are overtly marked, they are omitted in the morphology of personal names. The use of inflectional and derivational morphemes is minimal. Hadiyya personal names are therefore special word classes that tend to display a simplified morphosyntactic structure and free translation.
The HISPACAT comparative database of syntactic constructions and its applications to syntactic variation research
Authors: Villalba Xavier
Published: September 2020

The HISPACAT database of syntactic constructions in Catalan and Spanish is a dynamic comparative grammar of two closely related languages, which, from a theoretical point of view, offers us a alternative viewpoint to advance in our understanding of the ``atoms'' of linguistic microvariation, and to offer a snapshot of microparametric (in)variance, which will help us to predict less stable parts of the grammar, and hence more sensitive to syntactic change or interference phenomena. Moreover, this tool, which is conceived as a major empirical source for testing syntactic microvariation, may also prove helpful for researchers in bilingualism and language contact studies, and for teachers and students of Catalan or Spanish as L2.
Textography as a Strategy for Investigation: Writing in Higher Education and in the Professions
Authors: Paltridge Brian , Stevenson Marie
Published: September 2020

This paper presents textography as a research strategy in writing research that enables texts and their surrounding contexts, practices and the relationships between these to be examined in detail. In order to illustrate the potential of textography, the paper explores how textography could be used to examine the relationships between writing in higher education and writing in the workplace. The paper argues that the time is ripe for the investigation of study-workplace connections for writing in plurilingual settings, such as in Nordic contexts.
Linguistic Complexity in Academic Writing: Comparing Tasks in L2 English
Authors: Pietilä Päivi
Published: September 2020

Three different types of academic texts written by advanced learners of English were analysed to discover whether they differed from each other in terms of syntactic and lexical complexity. The writing tasks differed in formality and personal involvement. The results were in accordance with earlier studies on L2 writing, in that the most formal texts, the MA thesis conclusions, did not contain any more subordination than the less formal texts. By the same token, the thesis texts showed the longest clauses in the data, suggesting a strong reliance on complex phrases. Another feature previously discovered to characterize formal academic L2 writing, the proportion of general academic vocabulary, was also found in the present study to differentiate the formal thesis texts from the less formal text types.
English as an Interactional Resource for Doing Being Academically Competent: Student Practices in Group Meetings
Authors: Kristiansen Elisabeth Dalby
Published: September 2020

An increasing number of Nordic university programmes are offered in English. Consequently, students are expected to carry out academic activities in English rather than the local language. Through ethnomethodological conversation analysis of video recordings of student project group meetings, this article explores how students orient to English in their everyday academic and linguistic practices, focusing on students’ orientations to language proficiency and language choice as resources for displaying academic competence and literacy.
Contrastive lexicographical perspectives on the Russian language
Authors: Ivanishcheva Olga
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of the representation of culture elements in a bilingual dictionary. It is shown that cultural information concerning realia is necessary in dictionary definitions. Facts about different types of realia may be included as additional information after the actual

translation.
Dispensing with Unwanted Polysemy: Verbal Idioms and the Lexicon
Authors: Wiślicki Jan
Published: September 2020

The paper focuses on verbal idioms and their place in the lexicon. I discuss their morphosyntactic properties and effects observed for copredication. The data show that verbal idioms can be neither stored as atomic items, nor can their parts be treated as polysemous, i.e. as including “standard” and idiomatic meaning. I argue that a plausible result can be achieved by combining the framework of Distributed Morphology with Chomsky’s recent version of cyclic derivation. Viewed from that angle, idioms can be treated as emerging from derivational layers yielding a kind of structural coercion in the sense of Harley & Noyer (2000).
Coercion in Languages in Flux
Authors: Cooper Robin
Published: September 2020

The classical view of semantics that we inherited from Montague is that natural languages are formal languages where semantics specifies the interpretations which can be associated with expressions of the language. In this context coercion might be seen as a slight but formally specifiable disturbance in the formal semantics which shows how the canonical interpretation of an expression can be modified by its linguistic context. In recent years an alternative to the formal language view of natural language has developed which sees the interpretation of language as a more local and dynamic process where the interpretation of expressions can be modified for the purposes of the utterance at hand. This presents linguistic semantics as a dynamic, somewhat chaotic, system constrained by the need to communicate. An interpretation of an expression will work in communication if it is close enough to other interpretations your interlocutor might be familiar with and there is enough evidence in the ambient context for her to approximate the interpretation you intended. On this view of language as a system in flux, coercion is not so much a disturbance in the semantic system but rather a regularization of available interpretations leading to a more predictable system.

I will present some of the reasons why I favour the view of language in flux (but nevertheless think that the techniques we have learnt from formal semantics are important to preserve). I will look at some of the original examples of coercion discussed in the Pustejovskian generative lexicon and suggest that the possibilities for interpretation are broader than might be suggested by Pustejovsky’s original work. Finally, I will suggest that coercion can play a central role in compositional semantics taking two examples: (1) individual vs. frame-level properties and (2) dynamic generalized quantifiers and property coercion.
Studying word order differences in a historical parallel corpus: An example from Old Spanish and Old Portuguese
Authors: Eide Kristine Gunn
Published: September 2020

In this article, I use a parallel corpus from the 13th and 14th century to tease out some of the structural differences that existed between Old Spanish and Old Portuguese. While these two related languages were relatively similar in many respects, and the parallel corpus reflects these similarities, differences in syntax and information structure are also apparent. By comparing the syntactic and information structural properties of the sentences that display different word orders, it is possible to pinpoint more exactly what these differences were. The parallel sentences show that information structural properties of the left periphery, where Spanish allows for new information where Portuguese does not, account for differences in both object and subject placement.