bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Kata Ganti Nama Formal dan Tidak Formal dalam Teks Iklan Bercetak Berbahasa Sepanyol
Authors: Mansor Nor Shahila , Abdul Halim Hazlina , Abd Rahim Normaliza , Che Omar Rozita
Published: April 2022

Teks iklan boleh digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber representasi budaya dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Oleh itu, 30 teks iklan bercetak berbahasa Sepanyol telah dikaji untuk mengenalpasti penggunaan kata ganti nama kedua formal ‘usted’ (anda) dan kata ganti nama kedua tidak formal bahasa tersebut. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah penelitian dan hasil kajian dibentangkan secara kualitatif. Iklan-iklan terdiri daripada teks iklan sosial dan iklan komersial yang dianalisis menggunakan Model Akulturasi. Iklan sosial dipetik daripada laman web rasmi Kementerian Kesihatan, Perkhidmatan Sosial dan Kesaksamaan Sepanyol manakala iklan komersial pula merupakan brosur iklan produk kegunaan harian yang diterbit di Sepanyol di antara tahun 2014 dan 2015. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan dalam penggunaan kata ganti nama kedua formal ‘usted’ (anda) dan kata ganti nama kedua tidak formal ‘tú’ (engkau/kau/awak/kamu) dalam teks-teks iklan yang dikaji. Perbezaan tersebut bergantung kepada beberapa faktor iaitu profil pengguna sasaran, status sosial produk serta jenis produk yang diiklan. Ini membuktikan terdapat perbezaan perspektif tentang penggunaan kata ganti nama kedua formal dan tidak formal dalam bahasa dan budaya Sepanyol. Dapatan ini diharap dapat memberikan idea kepada pengkaji budaya dan bahasa, pendidik dan juga pelajar yang mempelajari bahasa asing tentang budaya masyarakat sasaran.
An Analysis of Errors Caused by Omani EFL Learners in Pronouncing Certain Consonant Sounds
Authors: Mohammed Al Yaqoobi Zainab , Ali Fatimah , Sulan Norrihan
Published: April 2022

Omani EFL learners face various problems in learning different skills such as reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. In particular, it is very difficult for Omani EFL learners to pronounce certain consonant sounds correctly. For instance, the sound /p/ of the English language do not have similar sound in the phonemic system of the Arabic language, so it is not easily recognised by Omani students. This sound is always replaced by /b/, a sound in the Arabic phonemic system. Similar case is observed with the sound /ʧ/, /v/ and /g/, which do not have similar sounds in the Arabic consonantal system. Consequently, these are often replaced by the sound /ʃ/, /f/ and /ʤ/ respectively. The absence of one sound of a language phonemic system from another phonemic system of another language creates problem to learners. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the difficulties experienced by Omani EFL learners in pronouncing certain English consonant sounds. The study also provides a theoretical description of first language interference which affects Omani ESL learners’ pronunciation of /p/ and /ʧ/ consonant sounds in words in isolation for three positions – initial, middle and final. Quantitative research methodology was employed, with the use of a diagnostic test to assess students’ pronunciation on certain consonant sounds. A questionnaire was also utilized to gather information from the teachers pertaining to students’ difficulties in pronouncing certain consonant sounds. The study is significant as it offers a practical outcome where teachers will be able to use suitable pedagogical approaches in handling this problem in Omani EFL classes.
Keanekaragaman Retorik Gaya Trope dalam Penulisan Novel Salina
Authors: Mat Dehan Asrul Azuan , Yaakob Hajah Nor Azuwan
Published: April 2022

Retorik merupakan satu seni bahasa estetik dan menarik yang digunakan untuk menekankan aspek kesantunan, keterampilan dan pengaplikasian bahasa baik dalam berkomunikasi sama ada secara lisan atau tulisan. Bidang penulisan kreatif dipilih sebagai fokus kajian untuk membuktikan keberkesanan penggunaan retorik dalam penulisan kreatif yang mempunyai fungsi komunikasi secara langsung atau tidak langsung antara pengarang dengan pembaca. Kajian ini dijalankan berpandukan kerangka gaya retorik yang dibina oleh Corbett dan Connors berdasarkan teori retorik klasik oleh Aristotle dan beberapa pandangan sarjana retorik lain digunakan untuk menyokong hujah dalam penghuraian data kajian. Selain itu, penganalisisan data kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Kajian ini berfokus kepada satu objektif utama, iaitu mengenal pasti dan menghuraikan penggunaan retorik gaya trope yang terdapat dalam novel A. Samad Said, iaitu Salina. Elemen yang menjadi fokus dalam kajian ini ialah retorik gaya trope yang digunakan oleh A. Samad Said dalam novelnya, iaitu gaya metafora, simile, hiperbola, personifikasi, oksimoron dan soalan retorik. Jelasnya, pemahaman pengucap dan penulis tentang konsep dan kepentingan retorik serta kecekapannya menggunakan retorik akan membantunya menghasilkan ucapan dan penulisan yang baik, sempurna dan berkesan.
Bahasa Antara dalam Komunikasi Lisan Penutur Melayu dan Penutur Bukan Melayu
Authors: Abdul Kadir Fatin Rabiha , Zainon Hamzah Zaitul Azma
Published: April 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka Bahasa Antara yang terhasil melalui perbualan lisan antara penutur Melayu dengan penutur bukan Melayu. Justeru ia dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis proses terbentuknya Bahasa Antara dalam perbualan pelajar Melayu dan bukan Melayu. Kajian ini merupakan kajian lapangan dan data kajian diperoleh menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian di mana data penggunaan Bahasa Antara dirakam menggunakan alat rakaman perbualan. Lokasi kajian adalah di Fakulti Bahasa Moden dan Komunikasi (FBMK), Universiti Putra Malaysia. Seramai 20 orang pelajar iaitu 11 penutur Melayu dan 9 penutur bukan Melayu dipilih sebagai responden menggunakan teknik pensampelan bukan kebarangkalian. Data rakaman ditranskripsikan dan dianalisis berdasarkan proses utama pembentukan BA yang dinyatakan oleh Selinker. Hasil kajian mendapati kelimalima proses Bahasa Antara digunakan penutur Melayu dan penutur bukan Melayu. Selain itu, analisis kajian turut mendapati proses strategi komunikasi amat ketara digunakan untuk mewujudkan Bahasa Antara berbanding prosses pemindahan bahasa, pemindahan latihan, strategi komunikasi, strategi pembelajaran dan generalisasi terlampau. Hal ini turut memperlihatkan penggunaan Bahasa Antara berjalan dengan lancar dan difahami oleh keduadua pihak dalam interaksi dan komunikasi antara mereka
The Influence of Active Teaching-Learning Methods on Students’ Academic Performance in Mandarin Course: Undergraduates in Focus
Authors: Hui Ling Lee , Che Abas Atirah Izzah , Shaari Jamilah
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of using active teaching methods on students' academic performance. A sample of 35 undergraduate students who took Mandarin as third language has been chosen for this purpose. The students were exposed to nine teaching methods namely (1) compare and contrast, (2) word wall, (3) take note and summarizing, (4) recitation, (5) cues, question and activating prior knowledge, (6) role play, (7) non-linguistic representation, (8) homework and practice, and (9) analysis of students’ work and discussion. From the t-test analysis conducted, it was found that students scored higher t-value of 24.8 in post-test as oppose to pre-test value of 13.6 with the significant value of .00. Hence, it can be concluded that through the implementation of the nine active teaching methods, students have improved their academic performance significantly.

 

Keywords: active teaching method, Mandarin, undergraduate, academic performance.
EFL Instructors’ Perceptions on the Integration and Implementation of MALL in EFL Classes
Authors: Khan Raja  Muhammad Ishtiaq , Mohd  Radzuan Noor  Raha , Shahbaz Muhammad , Ibrahim Ainol  Haryati
Published: April 2022

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has opened new opportunities for language instructors to develop their use of technology and implement new teaching practices focused on learners. The increased use of technology in language learning means instructors can play a key role in motivating learners by integrating readily available technologies for language learning development into their teaching practices. The focus of this present investigation is to explore the attitudes of Saudi instructors teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) regarding the implementation of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). The target population for this study was Saudi EFL instructors who are currently teaching English in Saudi Arabia. The research methods for the study included a questionnaire, as well as in-depth interviews that were conducted to explore the attitudes of EFL instructors. The results of the survey questionnaire and interviews revealed moderately positive attitudes among participants regarding the use of mobile phones for language learning and teaching activities. The findings also indicate the existence of some challenges that could prove to be a significant hurdle for mobile phone integration in EFL learning and teaching in Saudi Arabia. Most of the instructors reported that they do not use mobile phones or MALL activities in their EFL classes. The results also showed that EFL teachers do not have the required skills to use/develop MALL activities. This study concludes by offering recommendations and suggestions for how to implement MALL and remove potential barriers to MALL implementation in EFL instruction.

Keywords: EFL, MALL, EFL Instructors’ attitudes towards MALL, Challenges for MALL
Teaching Writing: An Analysis of Writing Activities in Touchstone 1
Authors: Islam A B M Shafiqul , Shuchi Israt Jahan
Published: April 2022

The teaching of writing is a very complex process, yet it is a core part of English language teaching since writing involves many different kinds of skills and knowledge in order to produce a meaningful text. Teaching writing is not only about teaching the mechanical and communication aspects of writing to learners, but also it is about identifying how these aspects are presented and outlined in books prescribed for the students. The present study is a comprehensive investigation to highlight some basic issues in teaching writing in general, and identify the writing tasks offered in Touchstone 1 (both the Student’s Book and Workbook) in specific since Touchstone 1 is used to teach the non-English major undergraduate students of level 1 at King Khalid University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our study found that this textbook is replete with a lot of word-level and sentence-level writing activities in the forms of vocabulary exercises and grammar points along with some text level writing activities. In addition, these text level activities do not seem to provide the technical know-how, sufficient practices, proper formats and organizations through which students can easily grasp them. This study also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the writing activities presented in this textbook and later comes up with possible recommendations.
Understanding Engineering Undergraduates’ Technical Oral Presentation: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Mohamed Abdullah Adnan , Asmawi Adelina
Published: April 2022

This paper reports the findings of an evaluation study on technical oral presentation and its potential application in English language courses for engineering undergraduates setting. The main aim is to delineate difficulties and challenges faced by engineering undergraduates in learning Technical Oral Presentation (TOP) skills in an English proficiency course. The participants were 310 engineering undergraduates who enrolled in the English for Technical Communication (ETC) course and nine instructors. Various difficulties and challenges faced by the engineering undergraduates to learn the TOP skills were identified and input from instructors were also examined. Suggestions to address the challenges faced by the students were highlighted with the view to preparing them for their future engineering workplace communication.
Cross-Language Influence of Phonological Processing Skills on Early Reading in Chinese-English Speaking Children
Authors: Loo Fung Lan , Md Nor Mariani
Published: April 2022

Empirical research shows the importance of phonological processing in children’s acquisition of reading skills. However, the cross-language relationship between first language and second language is still not clearly described especially in Malaysia’s multi-cultural context. This study examines the relations between phonological processing skills and early reading in children’s acquisition of Chinese (L1) and English (L2) as second languages. A total of 150 Chinese-speaking children (6 - 7 years old) participated and were administered measures of early reading and phonological processing skills in both L1 and L2. Within-language and cross-language structural equation, models (SEMs) were created to explore the causal relationships between phonological processing skills and early reading in both languages. Results indicated that among the three key skills of phonological processing, rapid automatic naming was the strongest predictor of Chinese early reading. In contrast, phonological awareness strongly predicted English early reading. Only English (L2) rapid automatic naming skills contributed to Chinese (L1) early reading. The cross-language transfer of English rapid automatic naming skills on Chinese (L1) early reading was found and reported. This study contributes to the development of models and theories of bilingual acquisition. It aims to design instructional programmes by considering these critical skills' contribution in enhancing successful reading in English as a second language
Retorik Penulisan Ilmiah: Penilaian Berdasarkan Prinsip Kerjasama Grice
Authors: Osman Zamimah , Yusoff Nuraini
Published: April 2022

Kajian berkenaan makalah ilmiah telah menarik minat ramai pengkaji dalam dan luar negara khususnya dalam bidang kontrastif retorik dan analisis genre. Di Malaysia, fokus kajian bidang retorik ialah periklanan, pengucapan awam, penulisan sastera dan umum, dan masih kurang kajian yang dijalankan tentang strategi retorik dalam penulisan ilmiah. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini membincangkan berkenaan strategi retorik dalam penulisan makalah ilmiah berbahasa Melayu dalam bidang Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal yang diindeks oleh Scopus. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan dan strategi retorik penulisan dianalisis bersandarkan kepada Teori Prinsip Kerjasama Grice (1975). Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan penulisan makalah ilmiah berbahasa Melayu yang dikaji tidak mematuhi sepenuhnya keempat-empat maksim yang disenaraikan dalam teori Grice. Kajian juga mendapati maksim relevan dan maksim cara dapat diserap ke dalam maksim kualiti dan maksim kuantiti. Dapatan ini memberi perspektif baharu kepada teori Prinsip Kerjasama Grice. Kajian ini telah membuktikan bahawa Prinsip Kerjasama Grice (1975) yang terdiri daripada empat maksim, iaitu maksim kuantiti, maksim kualiti, maksim relevan dan maksim cara boleh dimanfaatkan sebagai satu strategi retorik penulisan untuk menghasilkan penulisan makalah ilmiah yang baik. Makalah ini diharap dapat dijadikan panduan dalam menghasilkan penerbitan makalah yang berkualiti dan dapat diterbitkan serta diindeks dalam jurnal ilmiah berimpak tinggi.
Non-Chinese Students’ Perception on E-Learning in Enhancing Chinese Language Skills
Authors: Hui Ling Lee , Hui Wen Chua , Lateh Nor Hazwani Munirah
Published: April 2022

E-learning platform has emerged as an educational online environment for providing numerous advantages to language students. This study was conducted to explore the usefulness of e-learning in enhancing the four language skills (listening, reading, writing and speaking) of non-Chinese language students at the beginner level. To this end, a set of questionnaires were distributed to a total of 77 undergraduate students undertaking Chinese language as the third language course at the university. The study was carried out at a public university in Malaysia. The findings show that e-learning benefits the students in enhancing their Chinese language skills. Specifically, the students reported that e-learning benefits the most in enhancing their speaking skill (m=4.38), followed by reading skill (m=4.20), writing skill (m=3.95) and listening comprehension skill (m=3.75). The study provides empirical supports to the effectiveness of e-learning in language learning process particularly Chinese language learning at beginner level.
Exploring the Relationship between Interactional Competence and Group Oral Communication
Authors: Ngah Ezihaslinda , Stapa Siti Hamin
Published: April 2022

From job interviews to working in a professional field, clear and effective interactional competence especially in face-to-face oral communication is vital for workplace interactions. As such, group oral communication is taught and assessed at academic institutions to enhance students’ turn-taking skills as an interactional competence. The approach is used to develop ESL students’ turn-taking skills particularly for low proficiency students. Therefore, this study aims to explore turn-taking skills of low proficiency ESL students in a mixed ability group discussion assessment. The group discussion interactions were audio visually recorded and analysed using Conversation Analysis. The transcriptions were analysed using the micro-analysis account focusing only on the turn-taking skills. Notably, self-selected, or indexical speaker selection by posing questions for another speaker to continue or using gaze or gestural signs was the prominent turn-taking skill used by the students to maintain intersubjectivity during group discussion. This somehow facilitated them in ensuring active involvement of all group members, and as an indicator for their interactional competence. This study concludes by discussing how turn-taking skills in group oral communication can benefit low proficiency language users’ interactional competence in learning the target language.
Integrasi Elemen Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) Berasaskan Kit Media dalam Amalan Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan Guru Pelatih Bahasa Arab
Authors: Ramli Saipolbarin , Abdul Ghani Muhammad Taufiq , Atoh Nazri , Romli Taj Rijal Muhamad
Published: April 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi antara elemen Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dan instrumen kit media dalam amalan pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) guru-guru pelatih bahasa Arab UPSI. Ia melibatkan dua peringkat. Peringkat pertama merekabentuk dan mengolah kit media yang mempunyai elemen KBAT oleh guru pelatih bahasa Arab. Manakala peringkat kedua pula menganalisis keberkesanan penggunaan kit media ini sebagai satu medium efisyen dan praktikal untuk digunakan sepanjang sesi latihan mengajar di sekolah. Kajian ini melibatkan pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda (ISM) bahasa Arab dengan Pendidikan UPSI ambilan September 2014/2015 yang telah menjalani latihan mengajar pada Julai 2017 seramai 71 orang pelajar. Kajian ini bersifat kuantitatif yang menggunakan kaedah tinjauan dan pemerhatian semasa proses penyeliaan latihan mengajar. Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mendapatkan kekerapan, peratusan dan purata. Data kualitatif juga digunakan untuk melihat keberkesanan integrasi elemen KBAT dan instrumen kit media dalam amalan PdPc bahasa Arab. Integrasi penggunaan kit media dalam pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) bahasa Arab akan dapat meransang aktiviti KBAT dalam kalangan pelajar yang menjadi tunjang utama untuk menghasilkan perkembangan pelajar sebagai fokus dalam pendidikan.
Effectiveness of Morphological Instructions and Shared Book Reading on Chinese Literacy Development in Children with Dyslexia: A Single-subject Experiment
Authors: Chong Kah Yi
Published: April 2022

Existing research have reported the effectiveness of Shared Book Reading approach and Morphological Instructions in Chinese literacy in children with and without reading difficulties in China and Hong Kong. In a different context, such as Chinese language in Malaysia and with children diagnosed with dyslexia, effectiveness of Shared Book Reading and Morphological Instructions on Chinese literacy have not been examined yet. In 2010, Wang and Anderson designed a Chinese literacy intervention of Shared Book Reading approach and Morphological Instructions for a Chinese first grader diagnosed with dyslexia with proven effectiveness. The present study investigated the effectiveness of Shared Book Reading approach and Morphological Instructions on Chinese literacy development of children with dyslexia in Malaysia by adapted the Chinese literacy intervention by Wang and Anderson with Malaysian national curriculum for the Chinese language. A 7-year-old Chinese first grader diagnosed with dyslexia was recruited to participate in the present study. The present study employed single-subject experimental design, i.e. A (Baseline 1) - B (Morphological Instructions) - C (Shared Book Reading and Morphological Instructions) - A (Baseline 2) within-subject design. The results suggested that Shared Book Reading approach and Morphological Instructions were effective methods to improve Chinese literacy development in Chinese children with dyslexia. However, the effectiveness of Morphological Instructions would only be significant when it was utilized as a reading strategy along with the implementation of Shared Book Reading. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
Extensive Reading Project using Graded Readers in a University Classroom
Authors: Azmuddin Ruhil Amal , Mohd Ali Amy Zulaikha , Ngah Ezihaslinda , Ali Zuraina , Mohd Ruslim Nooradelena
Published: April 2022

Research into Extensive Reading (ER) has a long history as an effective method in facilitating language learning for learners. One of the many approaches in conducting ER successfully is through the use of graded readers. Despite its benefits, not much attention has been given to ER using graded readers among English as a Second Language (ESL) university students in Malaysia. This study explores the influence of ER project with the use of graded readers among control (n=90) and experimental (n=125) groups of undergraduate university students enrolled in various compulsory English courses during a 14-week academic calendar. ER project was conducted to supplement learning through various in class projects. Data was collected through the use of pre- and post-tests, progress tests as well as extensive reading tests obtained through Edinburgh Project in Extensive Reading (EPER). Results indicated no significance difference among control and experimental groups for pre-tests, post-tests and extensive reading tests. These results carry important implications on pedagogical and methodological aspects of language teaching and learning, which are further discussed in the paper.
The Kivu Ebola Epidemic
Authors: Anis Ozzie
Published: April 2022

The Kivu Ebola epidemic began on 1 August 2018, when four cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) were confirmed in the eastern region of Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The disease affected the DRC, Uganda, and is suspected to have also affected Tanzania, though the Ministry of Health there never shared information with the WHO. The outbreak was declared ended on 25 June 2020, with a total of 3,470 cases and 2,280 deaths. Other locations in the DRC affected included the Ituri Province, where the first case was confirmed on 13 August 2018. In November 2018, it became the biggest Ebola outbreak in the DRC's history, and by November, it had become the second-largest Ebola outbreak in recorded history, behind only the 2013–2016 Western Africa epidemic. On 3 May 2019, 9 months into the outbreak, the DRC death toll surpassed 1,000. In June 2019, the virus reached Uganda, having infected a 5-year-old Congolese boy who entered with his family, but this was contained. Since January 2015, the affected province and general area have been experiencing a military conflict, which hindered treatment and prevention efforts. The World Health Organization (WHO) has described the combination of military conflict and civilian distress as a potential "perfect storm" that could lead to a rapid worsening of the situation. In May 2019, the WHO reported that, since January of that year, there had been 42 attacks on health facilities and 85 health workers had been wounded or killed. In some areas, aid organizations have had to stop their work due to violence. Health workers also had to deal with misinformation spread by opposing politicians. Due to the deteriorating security situation in North Kivu and surrounding areas, the WHO raised the risk assessment at the national and regional level from "high" to "very high" in September 2018. In October, the United Nations Security Council stressed that all armed hostility in the DRC should come to a stop to address the ongoing outbreak better. A confirmed case in Goma triggered the decision by the WHO to convene an emergency committee for the fourth time, and on 17 July 2019, the WHO announced a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the highest level of alarm the WHO can sound. On 15 September 2019, some slowdown of cases was noted in the DRC. However, contact tracing continued to be less than 100%; at the time, it was at 89%. In mid-October the transmission of the virus had significantly reduced; by then it was confined to the Mandima region near where the outbreak began, and was only affecting 27 health zones in the DRC (down from a peak of 207). New cases decreased to zero by 17 February 2020, but after 52 days without a case, surveillance and response teams confirmed three new cases in mid-April. As a new and separate outbreak, was reported on 1 June 2020 in Équateur Province in north-western DRC, described as the eleventh Ebola outbreak since records began; after almost two years the tenth outbreak was declared ended on 25 June 2020, with a total of 3,470 cases and 2,280 deaths.
Self-Repair Practices in Pharmacist-Patient Interaction and their Role in Preventing Misunderstanding and Maintaining Medication Safety
Authors: Delli Rami Maher , Kaur Jagdish , Lai Siew Mei Pauline , Dumanig Francisco Perlas
Published: April 2022

Effective communication between pharmacists and patients can prevent medication errors as it enhances patients’ understanding of their medication and increases their adherence. As misunderstanding may occur in any type of interaction and lead to communication breakdown, repair practices that speakers adopt to enhance understanding in interaction are an especially important area of research in Conversation Analysis (CA). As such, this study aims to identify and explain the self-repair practices used by pharmacists to increase patient understanding in spoken interaction. The study was conducted at the University of Malaya Medical Centre from November to December 2014. Four pharmacists and 27 patients were recruited to participate in an intervention study. A detailed sequential analysis of interaction data revealed the pharmacists’ use of replacement, clarification, verbatim repeat, and repetition with an elaboration designed to increase the clarity and accuracy of the intended message and improve patient understanding. Self-repair practices may have an essential role in increasing medication safety in the healthcare setting.
St. Hedwig of Silesia: The Ducal Ideal of a Wife in Light of 15th-century “Sermones de sancta Hedwigis”
Authors: Kaczor Ewelina
Published: April 2022

A collection of 15th-century Latin sermons for the day of St. Hedwig of Silesia (“Sermones de s. Hedwigis”) constitutes the source material for an analysis of matrimonial role models and the ideal of a wife (uxor) in medieval culture. The collection includes 84 sermons about St. Hedwig, preserved in 45 codes of Silesian provenance. The corpus of sermons on St. Hedwig is supplemented by 61 edited versions of “Vita sanctae Hedvigis” written in 47 manuscripts. The present article includes an analysis of St. Hedwig as a married woman, the ideal of a pious wife avoiding the pleasures of the flesh and observing moral norms in marriage, above all in sexual relations.
Substantiation of the professiographic model of sports dances
Authors: Podrihalo Olha , Xiaohong Guo , Podrigalo Leonid , Podavalenko Olexandr , Halashko Olexsandr
Published: April 2022

Мета: аналіз діяльності спортсменів-танцюристів з використанням професійних методик для оптимізації підготовки та зростання спортивної майстерності. Матеріал і методи: використано метод розробки професіограми згідно з прийнятою методологією, використано методики оцінки тяжкості та напруженості праці. Результати: оцінено тяжкість та напруженість спортивної діяльності в танцях. Виділено основні професійні вимоги, до яких віднесені: необхідність підтримки пози в танці, висока технічність виконання елементів, обов'язковість артистизму, почуття ритму та виконання рухів відповідно до музики, висока завадостійкість, висока фізична підготовленість з перевагою координаційних, силових якостей та витривалості, високі функціональні можливості системи. Висновки: проведений аналіз спортивної діяльності у спортивних танцях дозволив обґрунтувати та розробити професіографічну модель даного виду спорту. Встановлено, що спортивні танці відносяться до 3 категорії праці за тяжкістю та 4 категорії за напруженістю у відповідності з офіційними фізіолого-гігієнічними критеріями. Виділено основні професійні вимоги, що визначають успішність професійної діяльності. Обґрунтовано комплекс методик, необхідних для дослідження та оцінки стану найважливіших органів та систем, що забезпечують виконання спортивних завдань. Ці методики можуть бути використані в моніторингу функціонального стану спортсменів для розробки прогнозу зростання спортивної майстерності
Evaluation of the result of early repair of open tendo achilles injury
Authors: Rayhan Md. Ferdous , Rezwan Mazharul , Sarker Md. Mohoshin
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Toilet pan injury or accidental cut injury which causes open tendo achilles injury is very much common in our country. The Achilles tendon injury is very difficult to treat, sometimes it creates a disabling condition due to calf muscle contracture, wound infection or skin necrosis. Therefore even in immediate repair of fresh injury will need reconstruction. So early repair of Tendo-Achilles injury after meticulous surgical toileting give best result. Objective: Assessments of result in primary repair of open Tendo-Achilles injury and evaluate the outcomes. To calculate the percentage of results of early repair of open TendoAchilles injury. Assess the rate of infections, skin necrosis, and failure of healing in primary repair. Material & methods: Thirty patients who had acute open Tendo-Achilles injury were studied. Variable level of open acute Tendo-Achilles injury were treated at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishl in the period from July 2018 to June 2020. After thorough surgical toileting cut tendon was repaired end to end by modified Kessler method. Plaster cast was given for immobilization & broad spectrum antibiotic given for two to three weeks. Result: Final outcome measured according to Juhana Leppilahti modified scoring scale. Thirty patients with Tendo-Achilles injury were studied. Fifteen cases result were excellent, eleven cases good, two case fair and two cases poor. Conclusion: In early repair of open Tendo-Achilles injury need short period of post operative inactivity. It will help to return a Tendo-Achilles injured patient to his normal work early as well as reduce burden of hospital cost and his family. Early repair of open Tendo-Achilles injury within 12 hours is effective procedure for patients as for surgeon
An Intervention in Congruence for End-of-Life Treatment Preference: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Baker Justin N. , Friebert Sarah , Needle Jennifer , Jiang JiJi , Wang Jichuan , Lyon Maureen E.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

There is a gap in family knowledge of their adolescents’ end-of-life (EOL) treatment preferences. We tested the efficacy of Family Centered Advance Care Planning for Teens with Cancer (FACE-TC) pediatric advance care planning (to increase congruence in EOL treatment preferences.

METHODS

Adolescents with cancer/family dyads were randomized into a clinical trial from July 2016 to April 2019 at a 2:1 ratio: intervention (n = 83); control (n = 43) to either 3 weekly sessions of FACE-TC (Lyon Advance Care Planning Survey; Next Steps: Respecting Choices Interview; Five Wishes, advance directive) or treatment as usual (TAU). Statement of Treatment Preferences measured congruence.

RESULTS

Adolescents’ (n = 126) mean age was 16.9 years; 57% were female and 79% were White. FACE-TC dyads had greater overall agreement than TAU: high 34% vs 2%, moderate 52% vs 45%, low 14% vs 52%, and P < .0001. Significantly greater odds of congruence were found for FACE-TC dyads than TAU for 3 of 4 disease-specific scenarios: for example, “a long hospitalization with low chance of survival,” 78% (57 of 73) vs 45% (19 of 42); odds ratio, 4.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.89–9.82). FACE-TC families were more likely to agree to stop some treatments. Intervention adolescents, 67% (48 of 73), wanted their families to do what is best at the time, whereas fewer TAU adolescents, 43% (18 of 42), gave families this leeway (P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS

High-quality pediatric advance care planning enabled families to know their adolescents’ EOL treatment preferences.
BULGARIA’S LAGGING ECONOMY
Authors: Minassian G.
Published: April 2022

GDP per capita in Bulgaria has been systematically lagging behind the corresponding indicator for former member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which later joined the EU. Bulgaria's economic problems are somewhat traditional and remain unresolved. Bulgaria is the most corrupt country in the EU. Legislation is unsustainable, chaotic and ineffective. The National Assembly often disregards
the operation and requirements of its own laws. Bulgaria systematically maintains one of the lowest ratios of accumulation. The country is negligent in public investment and lags behind the other EU-countries. The overall regulatory and business climate in the country does not stimulate foreign capital inflow. A significant flight of local capital abroad has been observed. Bulgaria needs to maintain annual GDP growth rates in the range of 5-7% in order to be able to leave its last-ranking in the EU. The acceleration of
economic development requires the raising of the population’s general political and economic literacy, as well as improvement of the political infrastructure in accordance with modern standards. The functions and forms of macroeconomic policy should be reconsidered in accordance with modern standards, taking into account the impacts of our de facto membership in a monetary union
SOCIAL CHALLENGES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Gaydardzhieva V.
Published: April 2022

The development of digital technologies and their penetration into all spheres of economic and social life necessitates a rethinking of the approach to exploiting their exceptional potential for increasing the competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy, strengthening the supply and demand and efficiency of public services, and successfully dealing with major social challenges.
In the report we will focus on some of the most important challenges for the digital transformation for society - modern infrastructure, adequate education and training, adaptation of the labor market, improving the quality of public services, territorial development, etc. We will study the regulatory framework and trends for the development of these important processes in the EU and Bulgaria with a horizon of 2030 and will make the relevant conclusions and recommendations.
THE INFLUENCE OF COVID 19 ON PATIENTS WITH OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA
Authors: Dimitrova N. , Dermendzhiev S.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: The purpose of our presentation is to provide an overview of patients with COVID 19 and occupational asthma. Often we forget about the relationship between harmfulness in the workplace and the diseases they cause, as well as what risk factor they may be for other diseases. Occupational diseases can lead to severe disability and decreased quality of life. On the other hand, COVID 19 in some patients may proceed as a life-threatening condition. This review will pay attention to patients with asthma and COVID 19, paying particular attention to occupational asthma and risk factors of the working environment, as well as recommendations for working in pandemic conditions.
METHODS: The diagnosis of asthma is made according to the following tests: spirometry is the recommended test to confirm this diagnose, the peak flow meter is and FeNO - a test to determine the level / content of nitric oxide in the exhaled air from the lungs, in patients with normal results from the abovementioned tests, but who had signs and symptoms of asthma, provocation tests may be performed.
RESULTS: Patients with allergic asthma are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and the disease is more severe than in patients with the chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and non-allergic asthma. Older age and non-white ethnicity also appear to provide a higher risk of disease and its course within the population with asthma and COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: There is still insufficient evidence to assess whether the risk of COVID-19 infection with asthma patients, including occupational asthma, is significantly higher.
The Catholic Church’s Responsibility in Creating a Safeguarding Culture
Authors: Zollner Hans
Published: April 2022

The safeguarding of minors and of vulnerable adult persons is an intrinsic aspect of the mission that the Lord has entrusted the Church and it is the responsibility of all the faithful to fulfil it, whatever capacity they hold in the Church. Unfortunately, it is not possible to eradicate child abuse entirely as it is a human reality, but much can be done by creating a culture of safe space and safe relationships within the Church and beyond. The Catholic Church, as the oldest and biggest institution in the world and with its religious and moral values, has a special responsibility in preventing any kind of abuse, in protecting the most vulnerable, and furthermore, in Safeguarding; in creating safe spaces and safe relationships. Listening to victims and survivors of abuse who have been harmed in the Church or outside, is key for being and acting in a responsible, accountable, and transparent way. This is the cornerstone for credibility and for promoting the faith.
Reflections on the Report on the Holy See’s Institutional Knowledge and Decision-Making Related to Former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick. Credits and Doubts
Authors: Bortkiewicz Paweł
Published: April 2022

“Woe! It is so shameful to even speak about it. The cancer of sodomite unchastity spreads throughout the clergy,” cries Peter Damiani at the beginning of his letter-treatise written circa 1051 A.D. The author of “Liber Gomorrhianus” points out that he knows the problem well as it concerns the milieus he is familiar with, or with which he corresponds. Without a doubt, Damiani observed such sinful behavior in his own monastery and hermitage. Therefore, he could define and characterize such pathologies among the clergy. He also rebuked Church authorities for considering the removal of a sinner from the priesthood only in the case of anal intercourse, while tolerating other sodomite behavior. Damiani enumerates types of conduct that breach the natural law as only man’s attraction to a woman is natural. He also criticizes certain provisions of the canon law as, according to him, they meant excusing the sins of sodomy.
Counteracting Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church: the System in Poland
Authors: Przeciszewski Marcin
Published: April 2022

The Catholic Church in Poland, as happened before in other countries, faces the disclosure of scandals connected with the sexual abuse of minors by certain clergymen. This is a grave problem in the pastoral field and with the public image. According to the report of March 2019 by Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego [Institute of the Statistics of the Catholic Church] 382 cases of sexual abuse were reported in 1990–2018, whereas the percentage of clergymen accused of abusing minors (up to 18 years of age) was 0,4%. The system of protecting children and youth against sexual abuse within the Church in Poland has been established since 2009. It was then that the Polish Bishops Conference adopted the first Wytyczne określające sposób postępowania w przypadkach wykorzystywania seksualnego małoletnich przez niektórych duchownych [Guidelines Specifying the Procedure in Cases of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Clergymen]. The system focuses on taking care of victims, developing clear norms and structures to bring to justice those clergymen who have committed the crimes and developing prevention programs for the protection of minors (which have already been implemented in all dioceses and in the majority of male religious congregations). It also runs Fundacja Świętego Józefa [St. Joseph Foundation] which provides various forms of help, mainly therapeutic, to the victims. In Kraków, Centrum Ochrony Dziecka [Center for the Protection of Children] established in 2013 runs and coordinates training activities. In dioceses and religious congregations there are delegates dedicated to the protection of children and youth, as well as ministers for those that have been sexually abused by clergymen. The chief Delegate for the Protection of Children and Youth, the Archbishop Wojciech Polak, Primate of Poland, has also been appointed.The results of preliminary investigations are passed along to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under whose auspices a process of further investigation is run. The latest element of the system is the application of the norms introduced by Pope Francis under the motu proprio “Vos estis lux mundi”. They involve disciplining higher Church superiors who have concealed or covered up crimes of sexual abuse of minors.The Roman Catholic Church is the only public institution in Poland which has developed such meticulous internal standards as regards the punishment of the perpetrators, prevention programs and assistance to the victims. The purpose of the article is, therefore, to show the actions which the Church has taken in order to counteract the abuse of minors within the Church, both from the formal point of view as well as from the practical perspective: to substitute the mentality of “one must protect one’s men” with the one permeated with the spirit of the Gospel.
Prevention of sexual abuse against children and young people on the example of the Child Protection Centre in Kraków
Authors: Biel Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is to present the activities of the Child Protection Centre (COD) in the field of protection of children and adolescents from sexual abuse. COD is an interdepartmental unit operating at the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow. The primary tasks of COD include training and educational activities in the psychological, pedagogical and spiritual fields on the subject of CSA, and the design and development of prevention programmes and models of good practice for various pastoral, formative and educational environments. The Child Protection Centre focuses on preparing and building structures for the effective implementation of the policies for the protection of children and young people, and on working to change the awareness not only of the clergy but also of people associated with the Church. The activities undertaken by the Child Protection Centre focus mainly on universal prevention, the basic aim of which is to stop potential perpetrators from harming children and to protect children – ­potential victims – from abuse.
“WHO ARE YOU, WHO AM I?” Does a psychologist need philosophy to better understand the sexual abuse of minors?
Authors: Kusz Ewa
Published: April 2022

This article attempts to look at the issue of sexual abuse from an anthropological point of view because the attempts by various scholarly disciplines to describe and analyze the phenomenon of sexual abuse, including attempts to identify causes and effects, do not provide clear answers to the question of the nature of what happen in sexual abuse. The first steps of the analysis show the need for a philosophical reflection, and point to the directions of such a reflection which can help to understand that the harm inflicted on a young victim by sexual abuse consists in a damage at the “core of the person,” of his own subjectivity, of his own “self.” It is an “anthropological harm or damage” resulting from “becoming an object” for the abuser. It interrupts the process of becoming an autonomous subject who understand himself and is able to enter in a dialogical relationship with others.The gist of the damage of child sexual abuse remains hidden behind the tangible long-term effects. These effects are often insurmountable during the victim’s lifetime. It indicates that we are dealing with damage to “who I am” – damage to the being of a sexually abused person. So, the person harmed in this way knows neither who I am – the person who experienced this harm, nor who you are – the perpetrator who harmed him and, in a sense, who the other is in general. Understanding the “anthropological harm” inflicted by sexual abuse clearly shows the challenge of the process of transitioning from the experience of “becoming an object” to discovering and rebuilding one’s own subjectivity, one’s own self, without denying the harm. Anthropological reflection concerns also the person of the perpetrator, who turned out to be the “bearer of evil.” Here, we have questions about intentionality, about responsibility for one’s actions, but also about the whole misery of a human being who, by objectifying another person, probably reduces himself to an object. Also, in the case of the perpetrator, understanding the process of becoming a perpetrator may help in the process of his resocialization, that is, the process of restoring his experience of his being as a free person open to meeting the other “you” who must not harmed.
Analysis of implications of organ donation on living donors in southeastern Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Bahador R. S. , Mangolian P. , Farokhzadian J. , Afrazandeh S. S. , Nouhi E.
Published: April 2022

Objectives: despite the annual increase in living donors and the positive and negative implications following organ donation, this issue had become a significant challenge for donors. The present study aimed to analyze the experiences and views of living donors to organ donation implications.

Material and Methods. The present study was performed using qualitative content analysis. Twenty participants were selected using the purposive sampling method; data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on Lundman and Graneheim contractual content analysis method after implementing MAX 12.

Results. Data analysis elicitated 721 codes, 20 subcategories, six main categories, and two themes, including positive and negative implications of organ donation from the viewpoint of living donors. The main categories of positive effects resulting from organ donation included the «donor’s peace of mind», «fundamental strength», and «recipient’s achievements». On the other hand, the main categories of negative implications resulting from organ donation included «donor’s physical suffering», «damaged interactions», and «abandonment».

Conclusion. Increasing the number of living donors makes us consider it essential to understand the efficiency of its two-way implications on many aspects of donor and recipient. Thus, managing the negative impacts of living organ donation and strengthening its positive side emphasizes the need to increase the awareness of organ donation associations, develop health policies at higher levels, and, most importantly, improve the satisfaction of live organ donors