bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DNA barcode library for ground beetles of Germany: the genus Agonum Bonelli, 1810 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Raupach Michael J. , Hannig Karsten , Morinière Jérome , Hendrich Lars
Published: October 2020

The ground beetle genusAgonumBonelli, 1810 is a large genus of the tribe Platynini with many species that show high amounts of intraspecific variations, making a correct identification challenging. As part of the German Barcode of Life initiative, this publication provides a comprehensive DNA barcode library for species ofAgonumthat are reported for Germany. In total, DNA barcodes from 258 beetles and 23 species were analysed using the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) workbench, including sequences from former studies and 68 newly-generated sequences. The neighbour-joining analyses, based on K2P distances, revealed distinct clustering for all studied species, with unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for 15 species (65%). BIN sharing but distinct clustering was found for three species pairs:Agonum micans/Agonum scitulum,Agonum impressum/Agonum sexpunctatumandAgonum duftschmidi/Agonum emarginatum. The given dataset and its analysis represent another important step in generating a comprehensive DNA barcode library for the ground beetles of Germany and Central Europe in terms of modern biodiversity research.
Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in Codinaea, Dendrophoma, Paragaeumannomyces and Striatosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae)
Authors: Réblová Martina , Nekvindová Jana , Fournier Jacques , Miller Andrew N.
Published: October 2020

The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including Chaetosphaeria, the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of Chaetosphaeria is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among Chaetosphaeria species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis, the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar Chaetosphaeria with craspedodidymum- and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the Chaetosphaeriaceae containing 16 species. The generic name Paragaeumannomyces is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e. P. abietinussp. nov., P. eleganssp. nov., P. granulatussp. nov., P. sabinianussp. nov. and P. smokiensissp. nov., are proposed. A key to Paragaeumannomyces is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats, Codinaea paniculatasp. nov. and Striatosphaeria castaneasp. nov., are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of S. castanea forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of Striatosphaeria. A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to Dendrophoma cytisporoides, a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of Dendrophoma, for the first time.
La medicina francesa en el tránsito del siglo XVIII al xrx: A la búsqueda de su puesto entre las ciencias
Authors: Arquiola Elvira
Published: October 2020

La medicina francesa del tránsito del siglo XVIII al XIX vivió plenamente consciente de su carácter conjetural, pretendiendo por diversos caminos alcanzar el rigor y la certidumbre alcanzados por otras ciencias. Mientras que para algunos medios esa meta se lograría siguiendo el modelo de esas ciencias otros mantendrán que la medicina, apoyándose en los recursos de las demás ciencias, debía buscar su propio camino. No fueron pocos los que siguieron insistiendo en que la medicina era algo más que una «ciencia natural», pretendiendo elaborar una «ciencia del hombre».
El espejo ustorio de Buffon: Entre la leyenda de Siracusa y la tradición del análisis químico
Authors: Carramolino Del Valle David
Published: October 2020

La participación de un espejo ustorio, diseñado y construido por Arquímedes, en la destrucción de la flota romana del general Marcelo durante el asedio de Siracusa (214-212 a.C.) se convirtió en el núcleo de una leyenda que entre la magia y la ciencia ha sobrevivido hasta la actualidad. En la ciencia francesa del s. XVIII el interés por la leyenda se funde con el papel instrumental de los espejos y las lentes ustorios en los gabinetes científicos de la época. Especialmente significativo fue su empleo en el análisis químico de los metales, y en los trabajos de Lavoisier de volatilización del diamante. El espejo compuesto de Buffon, una de las reconstrucciones del espejo de Arquímedes, participa de dos tradiciones: la, que discute la plausibilidad de la leyenda del espejo de Siracusa, y la que contempla los espejos ustorios como herramientas de innegable interés para la ciencia.
Todavía unas palabras sobre las venas cefálica y basílica
Authors: Barcia Goyanes Juan José
Published: October 2020

Desde que en 1879, Josef Hyrtl formuló su tesis de que los nombres de vena cefá­lica y vena basílica, aplicados a venas del brazo, eran de origen árabe, se inició una polémica entre filólogos e historiadores de la medicina manteniendo los primeros el origen griego de aquellos nombres, y defendiendo éstos la idea del anatómico vienés. El autor, tras hacer una crítica de los trabajos publicados hasta ahora al efecto, aporta un texto de un manuscrito persa del siglo XV que a su juicio víene en apoyo de la tesis arabígena de aquellos términos.
Bernardo Cienfuegos y su aportación a la Botánica en el siglo XVII
Authors: Blanco Castro Emilio , Morales Valverde Ramón , Sánchez Moreno Pedro M.
Published: October 2020

El siglo XVII fue un paréntesis en el desarrollo científico en España a nivel institucional, pero el saber se transmitió a través de personajes aislados. Bernardo de Cienfuegos, médico y botánico, escribió su obra en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Esta consta de siete tomos manuscritos encuadernados, que se encuentran en la Biblioteca Nacional. Contiene unos 1.000 dibujos de plantas, la mayoría de ellos a color. Se trata de una obra monumental de recopilación y con gran cantidad de datos propios sobre las plantas y sus usos, sobre todo en medicina.
Datos para la Historia de la Malacología Española: Las ediciones del Catálogo de Graells
Authors: Gozalo Rodolfo , Robles Fernando
Published: October 2020

La aportación de Graells a la historia de la Malacología, con su Catálogo de los Moluscos terrestes y de agua dulce observados en España y descripción y notas de algunas especies nuevas o poco conocidas del mismo país, es la primera síntesis realizada por un autor español, que abarca el conjunto de la España peninsular y de las Islas Baleares. Se describen en él varias especies nuevas, algunas de las cuales han sido incluidas en la sinonimia de especies más antiguas o han cambiado de nombre, mientras que otras conservan validez plena.
Individualized New Teaching Mode for Sports Biomechanics based on Big Data
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhu Tengqi
Published: October 2020

Sports biomechanics is an applied discipline with relatively strong theoretical knowledge. At present, it is used as an analysis means in exercise training in various countries and plays a huge promotion role for the development of competitive sports and sports science. However, phenomena, such as single-teaching methods, fixed-teaching thinking, backward-teaching environment, and hardware, still exist in the current education for sports biomechanics. For such phenomena, we perform individualized IRDC (Internet + retrieval literature + big data + cloud) teaching by using the Internet big data analysis and considering different characteristics of every student and apply it in online teaching of sports biomechanics course. We base our proposed individualized IRDC teaching mode on postmodern curriculum theory. According to four features, namely, rich, recursive, relational, and rigorous, we propose an individualized IRDC online teaching mode in this study. Moreover, we apply a new wireless telemetry surface EMG tester as a learning tool of practical teaching in the teaching mode, which we use to acquire Internet information data of online course and induce a real time communication between teachers and students. Finally, we adopt the principal component analysis to develop evaluation indices, including expert evaluation in and out of school and peer teacher evaluation, for the teaching mode. We find through teaching practice that the proposed individualized IRDC teaching mode can make the best of advantages of big data teaching, help teachers implement targeted individualized teaching, and contribute to the improvement of students' academic performance and comprehensive qualities.
Influence of Teacher-Student Matching on Knowledge Innovation of Graduate Students
Authors: Wang Jingui , Qi Yanming
Published: October 2020

The teacher-student (T-S) matching in colleges has not been studied in a thorough and systematic manner. It remains unclear how college T-S matching affects the knowledge innovation of graduate students. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes the factors affecting the knowledge innovation of graduate students, and selects the T-S matching mode that promotes their knowledge innovation. Then, the promotion of knowledge innovation was investigated under the T-S matching. Finally, the authors quantified the importance of knowledge innovation among graduate students, and summarized the strategies and methods for cultivating innovation ability based on T-S matching. The research results provide a panoramic view of the cultivation of innovation ability among graduate students from the angle of T-S matching.
Analysis of Online Teaching Mode and Effect of Computer Network under Large-Scale Users
Authors: Zheng Jiyu
Published: October 2020

Under the influence of the epidemic situation, many teachers and students choose the online teaching of computer network. We should study how to use the online teaching of computer network on a large scale. Based on the online teaching data of the school, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the functions and teaching methods of the computer network teaching platform. Through the feedback survey of teachers and students, most of them are satisfied with the online teaching of computer network, but there are also some problems. These problems are: teachers and students do not adapt to the new online teaching method; they are not familiar with the software of network platform, which makes it difficult to use; there are technologies in the teaching process, such as not fluent, unable to log in, unable to open web pages, etc Question. Through the continuous improvement of computer network teaching problems, teachers and students experience better and better, and their satisfaction is higher and higher. Generally speaking, online teaching of computer network has become an important teaching method, which will continue to be valued and applied in the post epidemic era.
Clustering and Analysis of Dynamic Ad Hoc Network Nodes Movement Based on FCM Algorithm
Authors: Hamad Sumaya , Alheeti Khattab , Ali Yossra , Shaker Shaimaa
Published: October 2020

Abstract— Clustering is a major exploratory data mining activity, and a popular statistical data analysis technique used in many fields. Cluster analysis generally speaking isn't just an automated function, but rather reiterated   information exploration procedure or multipurpose dynamic optimisation Comprising trial and error. Parameters for pre-processing and modeling data frequently need to be modified until the output hits the desired properties. -Data points in fuzzy clustering may probably belong to several clusters. Each Data Point is assigned membership grades. Such grades of membership reflect the degree to which data points belong to each cluster. The Fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm is among the most widely used fuzzy clustering algorithms.  In this paper We use this method to find typological analysis for dynamic Ad Hoc network nodes movement and demonstrate that we can achieve good performance of fuzziness on a simulated data set of dynamic ad hoc network nodes (DANET) and How to use this principle to formulate node clustering as a partitioning problem. Cluster analysis aims at grouping a collection of nodes into clusters in such a way that nodes seeing a high degree of correlation within the same cluster, whereas nodes members of various clusters are extremely dissimilar in nature.  The FCM algorithm is used for implementation and evaluation the simulated data set using NS2 simulator with optimized AODV protocol. The results from the algorithm 's application show the technique achieved the maximum values of stability for both cluster centers and nodes (98.41 %, 99.99 %) respectively.
RFID Medication Management System in Hospitals
Authors: El Abkari Safae , Jilbab Abdelilah , El Mhamdi Jamal
Published: October 2020

One of the primary concerns of the World Health Organization is the improvement of medical care by reducing adverse events in the medication process and enhancing the safety of patients. These issues are mainly related to the management of expensive and high-risk medicines in hospitals. In this paper, we enhanced medication management by minimizing the possibility of medication errors from its prescription-validation to its preparation. For this purpose, we designed a hospital and pharmacy services management system by employing digital signature using Radio Frequency IDentification technology. Our proposed system is equipped with ESP8266 modules, RFID readers and tags which allow the detection of taking medications and ensures an automated medication management.
Correlation between polymorphism of TYMS gene and toxicity response to treatment with 5-fluoruracil and capecitabine
Authors: Vitello Stefano , Di Liegro Italia , Ricciardi Maria Rita , Verga Chiara , Amato Alessandra , Schiera Gabriella , Di Liegro Carlo , Messina Giuseppe , Proia Patrizia
Published: October 2020

Tumorigenesis is a multiphasic process in which genetic alterations guide the progressive transformation in cancer cells1. In order to evaluate the possible correlation between some gene variants and the risk of the toxicity development onset, two of the polymorphisms of the thymidylate synthase (TYMS), rs34743033 (2R/3R) and rs16430 (DEL/INS) were investigated. We enrolled in our study 47 patients from the Hospital of Sicily. Our preliminary findings suggest that there could be a linkage between the genotypes discussed and the development of the toxicity following the chemotherapy treatment. These results need to be confirmed by further studies, however this short paper offers some initial insight into the relationships between genetic background and the better outcome for patients.
Muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: dependent or independent variables? A provocative review
Authors: Reggiani Carlo , Schiaffino Stefano
Published: October 2020

The question whether the muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training, hormone administration or genetic manipulation is accompanied by a proportional increase in muscle strength is still open. This review summarizes and analyses data obtained in human and rodent muscles in studies that have monitored in parallel changes in muscle size and changes in muscle force, measured in isometric contractions in vivo, in isolated muscles ex vivo (in rodents) and in single muscle fibers. Although a general positive relation exists among the two variables, a number of studies show a clear dissociation with increase of muscle size with no change or even decrease in strength and, vice versa, increase in strength without increase in size. The possible mechanisms of such dissociation, which involves neural motor control and/or cellular and molecular adaptations of muscle fibers, are briefly discussed.
Stretch target: the long arm of UK merger jurisdiction
Authors: Pritchard Simon , Egerton-Doyle Verity
Published: October 2020

The Enterprise Act 2002 affords the Competition and Markets Authority substantial power to review – and intervene – in mergers it considers may give rise to competition concerns. The CMA's jurisdiction is among the broadest of competition agencies globally, in both the kinds of transactions it can capture, and also in the (limited) nexus it requires to the UK. This article gives an overview of the jurisdictional framework within which the CMA operates, and examines three recent cases: Sabre/Farelogix, Roche/Spark and MasterCard/Nets, each with limited UK nexus, in which the CMA has been particularly bold in stretching the limits of its elastic jurisdiction. The authors argue that these cases – and any assessment of the potential for CMA intervention in future mergers – must be understood in the context of the policy debate around historical under-enforcement of mergers, especially in digital and other innovative sectors.
The loss of potential competition in UK merger control – the emergence of an analytical framework in the CMA's recent decisional practice
Authors: Williams Joe , Wisking Stephen
Published: October 2020

Loss of potential, rather than actual, competition as a theory of harm in merger control has been a hot topic in competition policy debate. The UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) does not face the same jurisdictional constraints that have prevented some of its peer agencies from investigating transactions which give rise to loss of potential competition concerns, and it has adopted a number of recent merger decisions in this area, in many cases after the conclusion of a detailed Phase 2 review. This article outlines the applicable legal framework and explores the CMA's recent decisional practice by reference to three categories of transaction potentially giving rise to a loss of potential competition where the concern is that absent the transaction: (1) one party would have been a market entrant; (2) one or both parties would have become a greater competitive constraint on the other; and/or (3) there was an alternative purchaser which would have made the target more competitive. It then summarizes the CMA's approach to assessing such transactions, including its intention, ability and incentive framework. It concludes by setting out the case for revision to the CMA's Merger Assessment Guidelines to reflect explicitly its approach to these types of transactions.
Bibliografia uzupełniająca prac profesora Stanisława Grodziskiego za lata 2008–2012
Authors: Karabowicz Anna
Published: October 2020

The list of Professor Stanisław Grodziski’s publications 2000–2010
Rechtsstaat und Rechtskirche
Authors:   Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Köln, Germany, Baldus Manfred
Published: October 2020

Constitutional State and Church under the Rule of Law The historical experience of the Nazi era and the former GDR caused that nowadays the public in Germany gives particular attention to the Constitutional State (Rechtstaat). In everyday routine the Constitutional State appears particularly under the slogan of legal protection, judicial control as excercised by independent judiciary, the fair trial, the judicial hearing and the stages of appeal. The author describes the topical problem of the Constitutional State, the tension between the legal certainty and justice, parliament and jurisdiction, and illustrates his discussion with practical examples. Like any other societas constituta et ordinata thus also the Church needs judicial authorities to settle its internal conflicts. The author reports the efforts that are made to reduce the evident deficit in the legal protection (e.g. in the areas of labour law and penal law) mainly on the level of local Church.
The Study of Methods for Combined Processing of Deep Holes of Hydraulic Cylinders
Authors: Berikbaeva Meruert A. , Khairullin Beibyt T. , Mukhamadeyeva Railya M.
Published: October 2020

Obtaining of the quality of the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinders and its optimization is an urgent problem in the enterprise. The article presents the results of a study to improve the finishing process of deep holes in thin-walled sleeves. The authors used the combination of the cutting process and surface plastic deformation for improving metal processing. The selected main parameters for ensuring the quality of the surface are roughness index and the value of internal stresses in the surface layer of hydraulic cylinders. To determine the hardening depth of the inner surface of the deep hole of the liner, the oblique thin section method was used. A mathematical model of the combined processing was obtained. The research results make it possible to recommend combined hole processing that combines cutting and plastic deformation. The results obtained in this work will improve the processing of deep holes of hydraulic cylinders, and the developed mathematical model has practical and theoretical scientific value.
STUDIES OF THE NESTING ACTIVITIES OF LATIMER’S VIREO (VIREO LATIMERI BAIRD)
Authors: Spaulding Nina G.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
THE ORGANISM CAUSING THE DRY TOP ROT OF SUGAR CANE
Authors: Cook Melville T.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
STUDIES IN THE ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE. I. Observations on the genus Conidiobolus
Authors: Kevorkian Arthur G.
Published: October 2020

A comparative morphological and biometrical study on artificial media, has been made of strains of Conidiobolus villosus obtained from the Farlow Herbarium, the Centraalbureau door Schimmel-cultures, and isolated directly from termites in Cuba. Furthermore, infection experiments have shown that the fungus which has hitherto been considered a saprophyte may adapt itself to a parasitic habit, especially on termites. The Derx strain from Holland, in contrast to the others, appears to be strictly sapro phytic. Moreover, in the life-history of the species in question an additional stage has been observed which consists of the production of minute conidia borne at the tips of the spiny appendages of the villose conidia or "resting spores". For these reasons a new combination, Entomophthora coronata (Cost.) bas been made and Delacroixia coronata and Conidiobolus villosus have been reduced to synonomy. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF WEST INDIAN TIPULIDAE (DIPTERA). III.
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE NESTING HABITS OF ADELAIDE'S WARBLER
Authors: Spaulding Nina G.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
Título en español.
Authors: Jay R. Traver
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Carlos Esteva Jr.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON MOSQUITOES ASSOCIATED WITH BROMELIADS
Authors: Tulloch George S.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
THE BIRDS OF SABA
Authors: Danforth Stuart T.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
Título en español.
Authors: Roberto Huyke
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
INSECTS OBSERVED IN THE STATE OF ARAGUA, VENEZUELA, SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Martorell Luis F.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
A SURVEY OF THE PINEAPPLE MEALYBUG IN PUERTO RICO AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF ITS CONTROL
Authors: Plank H. K. , Smith M. R.
Published: October 2020

A field survey of conditions in four main pineapple-growing districts of Puerto Rico revealed a mealybug infestation of 87.1 percent among pineapple plants ranging from 9 months to about 2 years of age. The infestation in individual fields varied from 66.7 to 100 percent of the plants examined, and about as many plants were found infested with the mealybug on the inside of the fields as along the edges.
A PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE INTERNAL PARASITES OF PUERTO RICAN CATTLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE SPECIES FOUND IN CALVES SUFFERING FROM "TROPICAL DIARRHEA"
Authors: Andrews John S. , Maldonado José F.
Published: October 2020

The results of a survey of the internal parasites of Puerto Rican cattle made as a preliminary step in connection with investigations on "tropical diarrhea" in calves have shown that the four most common species of gastro-intestinal parasites in the 22 calves autopsied were, B. phlebotomum (77.3%), O. radiatum (63.6%), C. punctata (54.5%), and H. contortus (50%). Eight of the 22 calves and one calf not autopsied were found to be suffering from "tropical diarrhea." These nine calves were from 2 to 11 months old and were about evenly divided between the central mountainous section and the north and south coastal plains. Eight of the nine cases occurred during the first 3 months of the calendar year. One occurred in June. E. zurni, together with the four species of nematodes just mentioned were recovered in large numbers from calves suffering from "tropical diarrhea.". The nematode, S. papillosus, was also implicated in one case as the result of finding large numbers of eggs in the feces of a calf. The remainder of the 21 species of parasites listed, with the exception of the lung worm, D. viviparus, which was found to be the cause of verminous pneumonia in 3 calves, were considered to be of little pathogenic importance in the calves examined.
Título en español
Authors: H. Douglas Tate
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en español
Authors: George N. Wolcott
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en español
Authors: Harry A. Beatty
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en español
Authors: Arturo Roque  , José Adsuar
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en español
Authors: Melville T. Cook
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
FERTILIZER STUDIES WITH PINEAPPLES IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Schappelle N. A.
Published: October 2020

1. If pineapple plants become even slightly chlorotic during the growing period or the early part of the fruiting period a reduced yield results. 2. The plants in areas where there is a tendency for chlorosis to occur should be sprayed with iron sulphate sprays as diligently and regularly as applications of fertilizers are made. 3. The phosphates as used at the present time can be reduced to 50 lbs. P2O5 or less per acre without affecting the yield greatly. 4. Ammonia nitrogen seemed to be better than the nitrate form to prevent the chlorotic condition in the Manatí field. 5. Slip production and yield of fruit aie both favored by vigorous plants so that if one is increased the other will be increased also. 6. There was no observable effect of fertilizer treatment on "macho" production. 7. Forcing strong plants to early maturity with carbide treatments is a profitable procedure. 8. The relative sizes of pineapples can be predicted fairly accurately by measuring the sizes of the flower stalks only if all the plants in question had the same treatments and growing conditions. 9. If potash is omitted from the fertilizer the quality of the pineapples is poorer judged by acidity, sugar concentration and taste. 10. The keeping qualities of the fruits were not affected by high or low applications of any of the nutrients tried. 11. A favorable fertilizer treatment caused increases in the sizes of both the smaller and the larger fruits proportionally. 13. Applications of lime to raise the pH values of the soil to approximately 5.0 seemed to favor increased yields of pineapples in both experimental fields. 13. If pineapples are allowed to mature naturally those yielding the largest fruits tend to mature the earliest. 14. Applications of small amounts of magnesium tended to favor increased production in both experimental fields. 15. Gum formation on the fruits was not obviously affected by any of the fertilizer treatments used. 16. Nitrogen and potash applications as used gave significant increases in 11 out of 14 cases above those not receiving these fertilizers.
A NEW SPINNING MITE ATTACKING SUGAR CANE IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: McGregor E. A.
Published: October 2020

Several lots of a mite have been received from Puerto Rico, where it is said to cause some damage to sugar cane.
THE VALUE OF FILTER PRESS CAKE AS A FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CROPS. PRELIMINARY TRIALS WITH TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS
Authors: Riollano Arturo
Published: October 2020

Filter press cake, a refuse from sugar mills in Puerto Rico can be used advantageously for fertilizing tomatoes and cucumbers grown in the soil type Coto Clay No. 20. When applied at the rate of 12 tons per acre plus 1,000 pounds of fertilizer 8-10-15 it caused a significant increase in yield of marketable tomatoes amounting to 20.5 per cent over the treatment where chemical fertilizer 8-10-15 had been applied alone at the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre. When 20 tons filter press cake were applied alone and with different complete and incomplete chemical fertilizers, also significant increases in yield of cucumbers were observed. The yield with 20 tons of filter press cake alone was equivalent to the yield obtained with a complete fertilizer having 200 pounds NH3, 200 pounds P2O5and 200 pounds K2O.  Results seem to indicate that the most profitable treatment would be probably 20 tons filter press cake plus 200 pounds NH3and 200 pound P2O5.
THE SEASONAL CYCLE OP INSECT ABUNDANCE IN PUERTO RICAN CANE FIELDS
Authors: Wolcott George N.
Published: October 2020

Five years observations in fields of young cane in Puerto Rico indicate a marked seasonal abundance during autumn and early winter, of all caterpillars except those of Diatraea saccharalis F., the species noted being Laphygma frugiperda S. & A., Mocis repanda P., Panoquina n. nero F., P. coscina Herrich-Schäffer, Perichares c. coridon F. and Marasmia trapezalis Guenée. The yellow aphid, Sipha flava Forbes, is most abundant during the winter and again in late spring, especially in eastern Puerto Rico. The eggs of Diaprepes abbreviatus L. are most abundant in June and September, and on the south coast were found only during these months. Thonalmus chevrolati Bourgeois, a red .and blue Lycid beetle accidentally established at Guanica by introduction from Santo Domingo, has spread north to Coloso and east to Ponce. The twice-stabbed lady-beetle, Chilocorus cacti L., introduced to prey upon the scales attacking bamboo, feeds on many other kinds of scales, and at times is found in cane fields. The injury produced by a new species of mite, Tetranychus sacchari McGregor, simulates mosaic disease.
RELATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT TO QUALITY OF VANILLA BEANS
Authors: Arana Francisca E. , Kevorkian A. G.
Published: October 2020

The moisture content of uncured vanilla beans was found to decrease with maturity. The average value obtained for whole beans entirely green was 81.2 percent and for whole, blossom-end yellow 79.2 percent. The moisture of split beans varied to a large degree with the extent and time of splitting. Losses in weight in vanilla beans, other than those due to loss of moisture, were shown to be negligible during the curing process, regardless of the procedure used. Although the greatest loss in weight in the beans occurred during the sweating and drying periods, a significant loss in weight also occurred during the first 3 months of the conditioning period. Moisture losses during conditioning were greater for beans of higher moisture content. A nomograph is included showing the weights to which 100-pound lots of beans of different moisture contents should be reduced during curing to obtain a known moisture content in the end-product. Moisture content was found to affect the appearance and aroma of the beans but did not produce any effect in the phenol value. Beans cured by different procedures with a moisture content of over 50 percent had a fermented aroma generally lacking suavity and development. Beans with 24 to 27 percent moisture had a more developed and suave aroma but little flexibility while those with 31 to 34 percent had well-developed arid suave aroma and good flexibility. Beans with similar moisture content, subjected to hot-water or freezing treatments were found to be less liable to mold infection than sim or ethylene-treated beans. Commercial lots of vanilla beans from Mexico, Madagascar, Comores, and Tahiti were found to contain over 30 percent moisture. Puerto Rican vanilla beans should be cured to a final moisture content of 30 to 35 percent if good flexibility and development and suavity of aroma, which are the principal factors affecting the sales value are to be obtained, judging from the results of our experiments.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF NON-CONDITIONED PHENOTHIAZINE, IN SMALL DAILY DOSES, FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CATTLE IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Andrews John S. , Muñiz Carlos M. , Orihuela Felix
Published: October 2020

The results of the foregoing experiments show that daily doses of 1/2 gram of nonconditioned phenothiazine per 100 pounds of live weight administered to cattle infected with gastrointestinal parasites reduced the number of worm eggs passed unto the pasture by the infected animals. The eggs of the stomach worms, Haemonchus contortus and H. similis, the small intestinal hair-worms, Trichostrongylus spp., the hookworm, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and the nodular worm, Oesophagostomum radiatum disappear relatively quickly from the feces of the treated animals. The eggs of Cooperia spp., Strongyloides papillosus, and the broad tapeworms, Moniezia spp., were not markedly reduced in number by this treatment. These results confirm those of Porter, Simms, and Cauthen (1941) showing that phenothiazine has little effect on the last three parasites mentioned. The dose rate used in these experiments compares favorably with that suggested by Shorb and Habermann (loc. cit.) for the prevention of the development of nematode larvae in the feces of sheep.
A NEW AMBLYCERUS AFFECTING SEEDS OF PROSOPIS CHILENSIS IN PUERTO RICO AND HISPANIOLA
Authors: Colburn Bridwell John
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
A NEW ENCYRTID PARASITIC IN THE EGGS OF HESPERIIDAE
Authors: Gahan A. B.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
THE COTTONS OF PUERTO RICO
Authors: Hutchinson J. B.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
IRON AND MANGANESE IN RELATION TO PLANT GROWTH AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Hopkins E. F. , Pagán Víctor , Ramírez Silva F. J.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
THE ARACHNIDA OF ST. CROIX, V. I.
Authors: Beatty Harry A.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
Título en español.
Authors: J. A. Bonnet  , Alfonso R. Riera
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Alfonso Riera
Published: October 2020

Se expone aquí un método de laboratorio relacionado con la cal que necesitan los terrenos. Se aplicó cal a los terrenos ácidos de nueve parcelas que constituyeron el campo de un experimento, en la proporción determinada por dicho método. Los cambios pH, quince meses después, no se diferenciaron estadísticamente, de aquellos que se habían esperado.
Título en español.
Authors: José Adsuar
Published: October 2020

Se ha hecho relación de una enfermedad denominada "mosaico" de la papaya, la cual se caracteriza por un detenimiento en el desarrollo de la planta, acompañado de reducción en el tamaño de los internodios, hojas y pecíolos; manchas oleaginosas en los tallos y pecíolos; marcado moteado y torcimiento de las hojas; interrupción del flujo del látex y círculos verdinegros o color castaño en las frutas. La enfermedad se transmite mediante punturas con agujas, frotaciones con carborundo e injertos en los tallos. Se han dado a conocer las similitudes y diferencias en la sintomatología entre esta enfermedad y otras de naturaleza parecida, sobre las cuales se han recibido informes de otros sitios del mundo. La enfermedad está, por lo tanto, de acuerdo con el criterio del autor, intimamente relacionada con el "mosaico" tipo "B" procedente de Cuba.
Título en español.
Authors: José Adsuar
Published: October 2020

Se ha verificado la transmisión del mosaico o moteado de la papaya en Puerto Rico, a través del áfido conocido por pulgón cítrico verde, A. spiraecola Patch. Este áfido es el causante de la enfermedad denominada "encaracolado" de las hojas de los cítricos. Se obtuvieron transmisiones positivas en 15 de 33 plantas sometidas a la acción del áfido A. spiraecola Patch que se alimentó en hojas de papayos enfermos durante períodos de tiempo que variaron de 8 minutos a una hora. Tanto las ninfas como los adultos alados transmitieron la enfermedad con igual facilidad. Todos los testigos sometidos a la acción de los áfidos alimentados en hojas sanas permanecieron libres de la enfermedad. La evidencia parece indicar que los áfidos adquieren el virus durante el proceso de emigración hacia los papayos. Se hace necesario todavía continuar los experimentos para dejar claramente sentado, entre otras cosas, si el áfido A. spiraecola Patch es el único vector envuelto en la transmisión de la enfermedad, cuándo y dónde llega a ser infeccioso, el modo y la época de emigración a las plantaciones de papayos, la retención del virus por el insecto, etc.
Título en español.
Authors: A. González Chapel
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
UNDERSTANDING OF NIRUHABASTI: COMPILATION FROM SUSHRUTA SAMHITA
Authors: Priyanka M. Thakare  , S.V.Suryavanshi  , P.V.Kulkarni
Published: October 2020

Basti is a special treatment of Ayurveda, among Panchakarma therapies. According to Bruhatrayee, Basti therapy is the best when we treat Vata related disorder. Basti has both preventive and curative perspectives. Basti describes as Ardha Chikitsa, because being the best in maintaining quality and quantity of life. Basti when used properly promotes physical development, complexion, strength, immunity and life span. Bruhatrayee described various types of Basti. Among various types of Basti, Niruha Basti is important type described by all Acharya. There are various opinions about Niruha Basti, its types, method of preparation, indications, contraindications, complications and uses. The present article is an attempt to compile information about Niruha Basti according to Sushruta.
PEMBINAAN HUBUNGAN YANG HARMONIS ANTARA ORANGTUA DAN ANAK DI JEMAAT GKO RIMBA BELIAN
Authors: Hia Melvi Noermala
Published: October 2020

Keluarga adalah lembaga pertama yang dibentuk oleh Allah yang dimulai pada saat Allah menciptakan manusia pertama yaitu Adam dan Hawa. Allah menginginkan keluarga ini harmonis. Dengan demikian keluarga tersebut dapat mempermuliakan Allah. Keluarga yang harmonis merupakan dambaan setiap keluarga di dunia ini. Untuk mewujudkan ini tidaklah mudah, bahkan berbagai cara yang dilakukan. Ada yang mengumpulkan harta kekayaan sebanyak-banyaknya dengan harapan kekayaan tersebut dapat menjamin keharmonisan diantara anggota keluarga. Sama seperti halnya yang terjadi di jemaat GKO Rimba Belian, dimana orangtua yang mayoritas bekerja sebagai karyawan PTPN-13, ternyata kesibukan untuk bekerja membuat setiap anggota keluarga tidak mempunyai kesempatan untuk saling berbagi kasih, saling memperhatikan, dan mengesampingkan Tuhan Yesus sebagai dasar kehidupan orang Kristen. Dengan demikian, kegiatan pembinaan yang dilakukan di Jemaat GKO Rimba Belian bertujuan agar setiap Jemaat menyadari bahwa hubungan yang harmonis dalam keluarga tidak akan terwujud degan mengandalkan harta kekayaan yang melimpah. Tetapi keharmonisan hanya dapat terwujud apabila kehidupan keluarga berpusatkan pada Tuhan Yesus, memelihara serta mentaati Firman-Nya.
Obesity: A Lifestyle Choice or a Disease?
Authors: Gupta Shweta
Published: October 2020

Obesity isn’t an overnight phenomenon but slowly develops from poor lifestyle choices and an unhealthy diet, which increases the risk of other health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes and even cancer.
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN PARTICIPATION IN THE SHARE CAPITAL OF COMPANIES FROM THE COUNTIES OF NORTH-WEST REGION OF ROMANIA
Authors: Sehleanu Mariana
Published: October 2020

Foreign investments represent a well known topic in the literature which has resulted from their economic, financial, technological, managerial and social contribution at the national and regional level of the receptive country. North-West region is part of the richer and more developed regions of Romania. Based on the statistical data provided by NTRO (2018, p.24), North-West region of Romania is ranked on the third position by the number of companies with foreign participation in the share capital and on the fourth position in terms of the value of the total subscribed capital in companies with foreign participation. The main objective of our study is to analyze the distribution of the number of registered companies with foreign participation in the share capital between the counties of North-West region of Romania and also to analyze the evolution of the value of subscribed capital in companies with foreign participation in the share capital within the counties of this region. We also analyzed the evolution of some selected indicators that we consider relevant for assessing the level of economic development of the counties located in North-West region of Romania. After pointing out the existing disparities in the level of development of the region’s counties, an important finding of our study is that there are major intra-regional disparities regarding both the value of subscribed capital and the number of registered companies with foreign participation in the share capital. There is a clear separation between the counties Cluj, Bihor and the rest of the region’s counties. Between 1991 and 2017, Cluj and Bihor counties attracted the largest number of foreign investors and recorded the highest values of the total subscribed capital in companies with foreign participation. At the opposite pole there are Bistriţa-Năsăud and Sălaj counties. This paper also provides a ranking of North-West region’s counties according to the two aspects regarding foreign participation, subject to analysis, i.e. the number of registered companies with foreign participation in the share capital and the value of subscribed capital.
MOBILE BROADBAND AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Authors: Gbahabo Paul Terna , Ajuwon Oluseye Samuel
Published: October 2020

The scale of diffusion of mobile wireless broadband technology and its transformational effect across all sectors of the economy cannot be over emphasised. It enables the creation of new business processes/product innovation, thereby boosting job creation, as well as raising economic growth and productivity. This suggests that the mobile broadband is a general-purpose technology capable of producing a protracted critical mass effect at a certain threshold of penetration. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the impact of mobile broadband on economic growth in Nigeria. Using the Endogenous Growth Model, we employ ARDL Bounds Testing Approach and Toda Yamamoto Granger Causality test on quarterly data from 2001 to 2016, to estimate the growth effect of mobile broadband. The findings show that mobile broadband is impacting economic growth positively in the Nigerian economy. It is therefore imperative for policymakers to design policies that will increase access to broadband infrastructure to both the unserved and underserved. It is also imperative to enact policies and regulations that can stimulate the economic impact of mobile broadband technology by strengthening the capacity of the economy to fully absorb the transformational benefits and make productive use of it as a General-Purpose Technology.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS TO OVERCOME MULTICOLLINEARITY PROBLEM
Authors: Gwelo Abubakari S.
Published: October 2020

The impact of ignoring collinearity among predictors is well documented in a statistical literature. An attempt has been made in this study to document application of Principal components as remedial solution to this problem. Using a sample of six hundred participants, linear regression model was fitted and collinearity between predictors was detected using Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). After confirming the existence of high relationship between independent variables, the principal components was utilized to find the possible linear combination of variables that can produce large variance without much loss of information. Thus, the set of correlated variables were reduced into new minimum number of variables which are independent on each other but contained linear combination of the related variables. In order to check the presence of relationship between predictors, dependent variables were regressed on these five principal components. The results show that VIF values for each predictor ranged from 1 to 3 which indicates that multicollinearity problem was eliminated. Finally another linear regression model was fitted using Principal components as predictors. The assessment of relationship between predictors indicated that no any symptoms of multicollinearity were observed. The study revealed that principal component analysis is one of the appropriate methods of solving the collinearity among variables. Therefore this technique produces better estimation and prediction than ordinary least squares when predictors are related. The study concludes that principal component analysis is appropriate method of solving this matter.
Perjanjian damai Filipina-Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) dan komitmen Presiden Benigno Aquino III
Authors: Kadir Dr. Norizan
Published: October 2020

Komitmen dan kepimpinan Presiden Benigno Aquino III menjadi titik tolak penting kepada termeterainya perjanjian damai antara Republik Filipina dengan Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) bermula dari tahun 2012 hingga berakhir tempoh pentadbirannya sebagai Presiden Filipina pada bulan Jun 2016. Sikapnya yang terbuka, lebih bertolak ansur dan memahami keadaan rakyatnya membolehkan beliau mengadakan siri rundingan dan perjanjian dengan MILF bagi mengembalikan keamanan di Selatan Filipina. Berbanding dengan presiden-presiden sebelumnya, Presiden Aquino dilihat memiliki karisma dan kemahiran kepimpinan yang tinggi sehingga berupaya merencana dan mempertahankan perjanjian damai yang ditandatangani demi mewujudkan Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. Ia merupakan satu pencapaian terbesar yang telah dicapai Filipina menerusi kepimpinan Aquino setelah 17 tahun berhadapan dengan pelbagai bentuk halangan dan kegagalan dalam merealisasikan perjanjian damai yang efektif dengan MILF dan Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). Di tahun terakhir pentadbiran Aquino, perjanjian damai dan Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) berada dalam fasa terakhir untuk dilaksanakan sehinggalah kepimpinannya Aquino diambil alih oleh Presiden Rodrigo Duterte pada bulan Jun 2016. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai komitmen Presiden Aquino dalam menggerakkan proses rundingan damai selain turut menganalisis Comprehensive Bangsamoro Agreement (CAB) dan Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) dalam aspek-aspek terpilih. Analisis dalam kajian ini menggunakan rekod-rekod daripada sumber primer dan sekunder meliputi akhbar, laporan, dokumen perjanjian, bil senat, buku dan artikel jurnal.
Kata Kunci: perjanjian damai, komitmen, kepimpinan, rundingan, Bangsamoro