bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features of Quail Egg Ingestion in Patients with Acquired Tolerance to Hen Eggs: A Case Series Study
Authors: Yamashita Kosei , Okada Yuki , Honda Aiko , Kunigami Chihiro , Maeda Mayu , Nakamura Toshinori , Kamiya Taro , Imai Takanori
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Patients with hen’s egg allergy are often instructed to avoid consuming other avian eggs, such as quail eggs. However, it is unclear whether patients with an acquired tolerance to hen eggs continue to avoid consuming quail eggs. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features of quail egg ingestion. Methods: This prospective case series included children aged ≥1 year with hen’s egg allergy who were recruited between October 2019 and February 2021 in our hospital. We conducted an oral food challenge (OFC) with three boiled quail eggs to evaluate the clinical features of quail egg ingestion in patients with acquired tolerance to hen eggs. The primary outcome was a positive OFC after ingesting three quail eggs. Secondary outcomes were cross-antigenicity between hen and quail eggs observed through the skin prick test (SPT) and pattern of quail egg allergy, comprising the onset of reaction, and severity. The correlation between the diameters of the wheals with SPT in hen and quail eggs was evaluated using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 62 patients underwent the quail egg OFC. The median (interquartile range) age of the participants was 3 (2–5) years. Thirty-three (53%) patients had a history of anaphylaxis due to hen eggs. The median total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in patients who underwent the OFC with half a heated whole hen’s egg was 271 (98–593) IU/mL. The median specific IgE level in egg white and ovomucoid was 9.7 (3.2–21.5) and 4.4 (1.3–6.9) UA/mL, respectively. The quail egg OFC results revealed that none of the 59 patients who ate the three quail eggs completely had an allergic reaction. The SPT-positive and SPT-negative rates in raw and boiled hen and quail egg whites were both correlated. The diameters of wheals with SPT in raw hen and quail egg whites and yolks were positively correlated. Conclusion: Patients with an acquired tolerance to hen eggs may not be required to avoid consuming quail eggs.
Response to Various Biologics in Patients with Both Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Lommatzsch Marek , Mohme Sebastian Niels , Stoll Paul , Virchow J. Christian
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Patients can have features of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. However, there is still no consensus how to precisely define this patient population. In addition, there are little data on the effectiveness of biologics in these patients. Method: Presence of COPD was defined by a smoking history of ≥10 pack years (PY), a postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < lower limit of normal (LLN) and FEV1 < 80% predicted, a carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) < LLN, and dyspnoea on exertion as a leading symptom. Presence of asthma was defined by high type 2 biomarkers (blood eosinophils ≥300 cells/μL and/or FeNO ≥50 ppb), typical clinical features of asthma (including nocturnal respiratory symptoms), and a documented history of a clinical benefit from inhaled and/or oral glucocorticoid treatment. We analysed data from 20 patients fulfilling the criteria for both COPD and asthma who were newly treated with a biologic due to recurrent exacerbations despite high-dose inhaled triple therapy. Results: Median values before treatment with a biologic were as follows: 40 PY, FEV1 42% predicted, DLCO 45% predicted, 475 eosinophils/μL blood, FeNO 48 ppb. Median duration of biologic treatment (mepolizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, omalizumab, or tezepelumab) was 12 months. There were significant improvements in exacerbations (most prominent effect), asthma control, and lung function during biologic treatment. Conclusions: Various types of biologics approved for severe asthma treatment can be effective in patients with both COPD and asthma. We propose an easy-to-use definition of these patients for routine clinical practice.
Identification of Cuproptosis-Related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Models and in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Zhang Min , Wu Jiali , Wang Yafang , Wan Xiaoling , Liu Haiyun , Sun Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate the molecular alterations of cuproptosis-related genes and to construct the cuproptosis-related circular RNA (circRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: The transcriptional profiles of laser-induced choroid neovascularization (CNV) mouse models and nAMD patient samples were obtained from sequencing and from the GEO database (GSE146887), respectively. The expression levels of ten cuproptosis-related genes (FDX1, DLAT, LIAS, DLD, PDHB, MTF1, CDKN2A, GLS, LIPT1, and PDHA1) were extracted and verified in both mouse CNV models and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples. The cuproptosis-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was further constructed based on miRNet database, the dataset GSE131646 of small RNA expression profile, and the dataset GSE140178 of circRNA expression profile in mouse CNV models. Results: The significant upregulation of Cdkn2a and Mtf1 and the downregulation of other 5 cuproptosis-related genes were verified in the mouse CNV model, but only CDKN2A significantly upregulated in PBMCs of patients with nAMD. Four miRNAs were detected in the intersection between miRNet prediction and sequencing data: miR-129-5p, miR-129-2-3p, miR-182-5p, and miR-615-3p. There were 9 circRNAs at the intersection of hsa-miR-182-5p and hsa-miR-615-3p predictions, one circRNA predicted by hsa-miR-129-5p and GSE140178 (hsa-circASH1L), and one circRNA predicted by hsa-miR-182-5p and hsa-miR-615-3p (hsa-circNPEPPS). Conclusion: This study suggested the repression of cuproptosis in nAMD pathologies and constructed a cuproptosis-related network of 8 cuproptosis-related genes, 4 miRNAs, and 11 circRNAs.
Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Post-Acute Kidney Injury Clinic on Awareness and Knowledge in Acute Kidney Injury Survivors
Authors: Thanapongsatorn Peerapat , Krisem Massupa , Kaewnan Kanyarat , Bumrungpet Tidarat , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) awareness and knowledge among survivors is poor, leading to suboptimal self-management and follow-up care. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary post-AKI clinic on AKI awareness and knowledge among survivors. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study among stage 2-3 AKI survivors who were followed in the multidisciplinary post-AKI clinic, comprising nephrologists, renal nurses, pharmacists, and dietitians. Patients were evaluated before and after entering the clinic during a 3-month follow-up period, using a three-component questionnaire including the following: (1) Do you know of your AKI diagnosis during hospitalization? (yes/no), (2) how do you rate your AKI knowledge? (ranging from 1 or “very low” to 5 or “excellent”), and (3) 25-item objective AKI knowledge survey instrument that covered general knowledge of AKI, nutrition, medication, and symptoms of renal failure. Results: A total of 108 AKI survivors were enrolled, with 37.0%, 41.7%, and 21.3% being stage 2 AKI, stage 3 AKI, and stage 3-dialysis AKI, respectively. Before entering the clinic, 50% of patients were unaware of their AKI during hospitalization. After receiving education from the multidisciplinary post-AKI clinic, all patients became aware they had experienced AKI. The mean perceived knowledge and objective knowledge scores were significantly increased over the 3-month period from 1.6 (0.7) to 3.9 (0.7) out of 5 and 15.4 (3.5) to 21.4 (2.0) out of 25, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, reverse transformation of the Likert scale to a percentage format also revealed a significant improvement in mean perceived AKI knowledge scores, transitioning from 13.8 ± 16.8 to 73.0 ± 17.6, p < 0.001. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary post-AKI clinic effectively enhanced AKI awareness and knowledge among survivors. These findings highlight the importance of follow-up care and the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term outcomes associated with increased knowledge.
Sequências didáticas para ensino e avaliação de leitura de quadrinhos
Authors: Alves-Costa Lucas Piter , Oliveira Mayara Victória dos Santos , Rodrigues Arthur Schitine Siqueira
Published: November 2023

Busca propor uma sequência didática para o ensino e avaliação de leitura crítica de quadrinhos, atendendo a algumas habilidades previstas na BNCC. A metodologia tem por base a Análise do Discurso Semiolinguística (Charandeau, 2008), com apropriações teóricas de Ramos (2009), Groensteen (2015), Joly (2007), Kleiman (2002), Dell’Isola (1996), Dolz, Noverraz, Schneuwly (2004). O material usado para a sequência didática é uma charge de autoria de Mau. Defendemos que o percurso de leitura tem como fim não apenas a compreensão, mas a significação do mundo. Os resultados sugerem que trabalhar leitura de quadrinhos nas escolas ainda é um desafio, devido à falta de familiaridade com o sistema semiótico desses gêneros.
Se Peter Pan é uma história (em quadrinhos) para meninas: relato de um processo criativo
Authors: Mastroberti Paula
Published: November 2023

Relato o processo de criação de uma narrativa gráfica em andamento, derivada da pesquisa desenvolvida durante o meu mestrado e doutorado em Letras na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, cujo corpus foi Peter and Wendy, de James M. Barrie, e suas edições e repercussões junto ao leitor brasileiro. Descrevo os métodos e concepções que fundamentam Peter Pan — uma história de meninas, com três volumes já divulgados em acesso livre online. Meu principal objetivo é divulgá-la e refletir sobre a produção autoral em quadrinhos, levando em consideração a complexidade do seu sistema semiótico.
Análise epidemiológica da mortalidade materna no estado do Paraná: repercussão da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Hammoud Shema El-Laden , Tamura Gustavo , Barduco Julia Nakashima , Purim Katia Sheylla Malta , Quadros Leonardo , Santos Lucas Gusmão dos , Kobarg Luiz Felipe Ribeiro , Meister Thiago
Published: November 2023

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é relevante indicador nas políticas públicas Brasileiras de assistência à saúde da mulher. A Rede Mãe Paranaense trabalha para reduzir esses indicadores, mas ainda são desconhecidos os impactos da pandemia no óbito materno-fetal. Objetivo:  Analisar a Mortalidade Materna nos anos de 2015-2019 e comparar ao ano de 2020 no Paraná. Métodos: Estudo documental retrospectivo, através de coleta de dados do programa DATASUS/SIM. Resultados: Foi observado aumento das mortes maternas indiretas, especificamente na categoria CID10-O98 (Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias maternas [...]), onde foram incluídos os óbitos causados pela COVID-19 (p < 0,0001). Predominaram as mortes puerperais e na população de cor/raça branca, sendo as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias as principais causas indiretas. Uma comparação relativa dos períodos demonstrou que os óbitos indiretos em 2020 superaram a média dos 5 anos anteriores, indicando o impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade materna. Discussão: Em ambos os períodos estudados, as mortes ocorreram, predominantemente, em ambiente hospitalar. Contudo, em 2020, a proporção de mortes em hospitais aumentou de 76% para 91%, expressando um reflexo do aumento da mortalidade materna devido à pandemia da COVID-19 e de maiores taxas de complicações nas gestações dessas pacientes. Conclusão: A quebra de padrão de mortalidade materna indireta demonstrou o impacto significativo da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde materna. Novos estudos devem analisar e comparar outras variáveis, pois a natureza do estudo e a amostra extraída de um estado específico do Brasil, limitam a generalização dos achados para outros locais e populações. Ademais, pesquisas de levantamento de dados epidemiológicos podem ser úteis como ferramenta de planejamento no âmbito de elaborar estratégias de intervenção e prevenção de comorbidades que influenciem direta e indiretamente as gestações.
Feasibility of Redo-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Sapien Valves Based on In Vivo Computed Tomography Assessment
Authors: Fukui Miho , Okada Atsushi , Thao Kiahltone R. , Burns Marcus R. , Koike Hideki , Wang Cheng , Phichaphop Asa , Lesser John R. , Sorajja Paul , Cavalcante João L. , Bapat Vinayak N.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Our aim was to assess the feasibility of repeat transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) replacement for degenerated Sapien3 (S3) prostheses by simulating subsequent implantation of S3 or Evolut, using in vivo computed tomography–based sizing and the impact on coronary and patient-prosthesis mismatch risks.

METHODS:

Computed tomography scans from 356 patients with prior S3 TAV replacement implantation were analyzed. The in vivo sizing for second TAV based on averaged area of 3 levels of outflow, mid (narrowest) and inflow, was compared with in vitro recommendations, that is, same size as index S3 for second S3 and 1 size larger for Evolut. Risks of coronary obstruction and patient-prosthesis mismatch were determined by valve-to-aorta distance and estimated effective orifice area, respectively.

RESULTS:

Overall, the majority of patients (n=328; 92.1%) had underexpanded index S3 with an expansion area of 94% (91%–97%), leading to significant differences in size selection of the second TAV between in vivo and in vitro sizing strategies. Expansion area <89% served as a threshold, resulting in 1 size smaller than the in vitro recommendations were selected in 45 patients (13%) for S3-in-S3 and 13 (4%) for Evolut-in-S3, while the remaining patients followed in vitro recommendations (
P
<0.01, in vivo versus in vitro sizing). Overall, 57% of total patients for S3-in-S3 simulation and 60% for Evolut-in-S3 were considered low risk for coronary complications. Deep index S3 implantation (odds ratio, 0.76 [interquartile range, 0.67–0.87];
P
<0.001) and selecting Evolut as the second TAV (11% risk reduction in intermediate- or high-risk patients) reduced coronary risk. Estimated moderate or severe patient-prosthesis mismatch risk was 21% for S3-in-S3 and 1% for Evolut-in-S3, assuming optimal expansion of the second TAV.

CONCLUSIONS:

Redo-TAV replacement with S3-in-S3 and Evolut-in-S3 could be feasible with low risk to coronaries in ≈60% of patients, while the remaining 40% will be at intermediate or high risk. The feasibility of redo-TAV replacement is influenced by sizing strategy, type of second TAV, native annular anatomy, and implant depth.
La Sīra ḥalabiyya (1043/1633) : une Vie du Prophète à l’époque ottomane
Authors: Mayeur-Jaouen Catherine
Published: November 2023

Achevé en 1043/1633,Insān al-ʿuyūn fī sīrat al-nabī l-maʾmūndu cheikh égyptien ʿAlī l-Ḥalabī (m. 1044/1635) est plus connu sous le nom d’al-Sīra l-ḥalabiyya. Elle se présente comme le résumé de deuxsīras d’époque mamelouke, lesʿUyūn al-aṯar fī funūn al-maġāzī wa-l-šamāʾil wa-l-siyard’Ibn Sayyid al-Nās (m. 734/1334) et lesSubul al-hudā wa-l-rašād fī sīrat ḫayr al-ʿibād, d’al-Ṣāliḥī l-Šāmī (m. 942/1536). LaSīra ḥalabiyyaqui fut écrite à la demande du cheikh al-Bakrī s’inscrit dans les débats de l’islam ottoman duXIe/XVIIesiècle. En se débarrassant des chaînes de transmission des hadiths, en évitant souvent de mentionner précisément ses sources, al-Ḥalabī cherche une souplesse narrative qui s’affranchit d’une quête trop étroite de l’authenticité au profit du vraisemblable et de multiples possibles. Sa méthode plus conciliatrice que récapitulative guide fermement le lecteur vers les signes de la présence du Prophète dans l’histoire des hommes, où les origines sont rendues constamment actuelles par de nouveaux récits.
The Sufi Who Was a Sayyid: Muḥammad Ḥusaynī Gesūdarāz’s Assertions of Spiritual Authority
Authors: Malik Pia Maria
Published: November 2023

In the context of contested succession within a silsila (lineage) of sufis, this paper studies Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusaynī Gesūdarāz’s (d. 1422) recourse to a familial genealogy in order to claim the status of a pīr or sufi master, while attempting to entrench his legacy in Gulbarga where he emigrated to from Delhi after the incursions of Timur (d. 1405). As he arrived in the Deccan at the turn of the fifteenth century, Gesūdarāz used his kinship with the Prophet and particularly his identity of sayyid (a descendant of the Prophet through Ḥusayn) as a persuasive device, to set himself apart from other sufi shaykhs in the area who claimed an equivalent spiritual genealogy. The case of Gesūdarāz reveals a societal pattern wherein the identity of sayyid was gaining new traction, and relational ties were evoked not only as a means of establishing an identity as part of a community but also to supersede others who made the same claim. Kinship was a device through which Gesūdarāz staked his claim to authority, and it was also a mechanism that he and his family utilized to cement their hold on the Muslim community of Gulbarga.
International Perspectives on Jordan’s Legislation on Deprivation of Liberty Prior to Trial
Authors: Abuanzeh Amal , Søndergaard Elna
Published: November 2023

The right to personal liberty is fundamental for individuals and societies based on the rule of law. The United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights and United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights broadly define rules limiting possible pre-trial detention and protecting against arbitrary detention. Since 1961 the Code of Criminal Procedure has regulated detention in Jordan and in 2017, there were comprehensive revisions of the Code on these matters. To better understand factors that shaped the scope of the Code revisions in 2017 and to question whether the Code of Criminal Procedure fully adheres to ICCPR international human rights norms, this paper will draw upon political and legal debates prior to 2017 and upon legislative amendments, legislative text and subsequent jurisprudence. In so doing, this paper will critically examine whether the Jordanian legislation respects the right of personal liberty.
A Historical-Comparative Approach to the Kikongo Language Cluster, with a Special Focus on Cabinda
Authors: Goes Heidi
Published: November 2023

My doctoral dissertation is aimed at gaining a better understanding of how the Kikongo Language Cluster (klc) as we know it today was shaped through time, with a special focus on Cabinda, Angola. It does so by adopting a historical-comparative linguistic approach to phonological, morphophonological and morphological variation which current-day language varieties manifest, both among each other and with regard to historical varieties for which documentation is available. This diachronic study spanning nearly four centuries complements earlier studies on the history of the klc within the BantUGent research group, especially the lexicon-based phylogenetic classifications. It has relied on the vast, multifaceted and long-range documentation on the klc accumulated since the KongoKing project (2012–2016) and continued during the BantuFirst project (2018–2023). The PhD thesis is cumulative, including four articles pertaining to (1) Bantu spirantisation and 7 > 5 vowel reduction, (2) progressive vowel harmony involving verb derivational suffixes, (3) the broader morphophonology of the verb ending *-ide, and (4) diminutive marking. These articles are preceded by an introduction including several original-language maps of Cabinda and other data from several fieldwork missions. The conclusion offers answers to the dissertation’s four main research questions, three pertaining to the historical development of the klc and one to the planned promotion across Cabinda of the standardised language Ibinda.
Chanting Ancestors’ Names
Authors: Wandejia (Ban De Skyabs)
Published: November 2023

Ancestral genealogies convey significance not only for individual life experience but also for the collective memory of an ethnic group. Some Tibetans, who call themselves ‘Prommi’ in Muli and elsewhere in Sichuan, have an inherited text known as the ‘Funeral Genealogy’ relating to the Ldong paternal lineage within their group; it is written in archaic Tibetan and presents the historical memory and culture of the Prommi people. Through a discussion of the funerary text’s locale, oral and archaic writing characteristics, this paper explains the special understanding of the ‘Ldong’ clan ancestors of the Prommi people as well as their views, as found in the Bon religion, on the origin of things, the origin of life (with a ternary view of divinities, humans and demons), life after death, the concept of clans and the family’s historical memory of the father–son connection in the ancestral genealogy. This will provide new historical and cultural data for studying groups sometimes referred to as ‘ancient Qiang’.
Contested Language Diversity in Contemporary Russia and Ukraine
Authors: Kiss Nadiya , Wingender Monika
Published: November 2023

The various phases of dealing with minority/ national languages in the Soviet Union and in its successor states evidently reveal the polarising effects that language diversity can have in multinational societies. This article aims to analyse the area of tension between minority language legislation and minority activism in Russia and Ukraine during the last decade. Both countries are intensely engaged in language-dominated processes of identity-building. However, both are dealing differently with the Soviet legacy in language policy. Accordingly, the article not only examines the top-down perspective of changes in language legislation in both countries, but also sheds light on the bottom-up minority language activism that appears as a reaction to the latest decisions of the governments in the language sphere. On the basis of interviews with respondents from two language minorities (Kalmyks in Russia and Hungarians in Ukraine) this article highlights various aspects of minority communities – from different experiences with Soviet language policy to current developments of language and identity, language use in education, language attitudes, and reactions to state language policy.
The Rights of European Minorities: Justice, Public Administration, Participation, Transfrontier Exchanges and Citizenship – International Developments in 2021
Authors: Nagy Noémi , Szappanyos Melinda
Published: November 2023

This article provides an overview of the implementation of the rights of European national, ethnic or linguistic minorities, and indigenous peoples in 2021, in the fields of the administration of justice, public administration, participation, transfrontier exchanges and citizenship. Relevant legal developments in the activities of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the European Union, and the Council of Europe are presented. Special attention is paid to the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, which are the most important international treaties on the rights of minorities in Europe.
The 2021 French Law on the Protection of the Heritage Character of Regional Languages and Their Promotion: A French Story
Authors: Marsal Stéphanie Cramer
Published: November 2023

The French Law on the Protection of the Heritage Character of Regional Languages and their Promotion, championed by Breton lawmaker Paul Molac (the so-called ‘Molac Law’), was adopted on 8 April 2021. It was enacted in a modified version, on 21 May 2021, after the Constitutional Council found some of its provisions unconstitutional. This piece of legislation represents the latest attempt of French lawmakers to strengthen the legal protection of regional languages. The present article starts with some background on the politics of language in France. It then presents the content of the Molac Law as adopted by the French National Assembly, the ensuing decision of the Constitutional Council, as well as the ideological hurdles and controversies that have surrounded them. It shows how the constitutionally- enforced unity principle continues to curtail proposals to advance the protection of regional languages and how this contrasts with the accommodation of language diversity as practiced locally in different territories of the French Republic.
Men in Tights: Charles De Lorme (1584–1678) and the First Plague Costume
Authors: Mattie Herbert J.
Published: November 2023

The concept of the plague doctor, as it comes down to us from history – wearing a mask, a long robe, hat and gloves, and carrying a cane – is compiled from at least three sources, each of them having their own intrinsic obliquity: the prints from 1656, the descriptions in Michel de Saint-Martin’s book about Charles de Lorme, and the print and description in Jean-Jacques Manget’s plague treatise from 1721. This article focuses on the description of the plague suit in Charles de Lorme’s biography by Saint-Martin. This biographer had a reputation for being eccentric and gullible, and there are assertions in his book that are demonstrably incorrect. Still, if Saint-Martin’s description is to be trusted, then de Lorme’s plague suit bore hardly any resemblance to the well-known images of the plague doctor, whose historicity is already very dubious. The habit of merging these contradictory data commenced in the context of retrospection when ppe gained renewed relevance around the turn of the twentieth century. Scholars and educators should be aware of this when they use depictions and descriptions of plague doctors in the context of the history of medicine.
Second Thoughts? The International Adjudication of Environmental Disputes 30 Years Later
Authors: Viñuales Jorge E.
Published: November 2023

The role of international adjudication with respect to environmental disputes has been a matter of significant debate, particularly since the late 1980s. Scepticism about the creation of an international environmental court, the lack of use of specialised environmental chambers and the rise of non-compliance procedures largely supported the view that international adjudication had a limited role to play in this context. This conventional view is today being reconsidered. This is due in part to the surge in domestic climate litigation but also, as argued in this brief contribution, to the potential of international adjudication to address the challenges that had once supported arguments against it, namely (1) the ambiguity and indeterminacy of substantive provisions in multilateral environmental treaties; (2) States’ own capacity limitations to discharge their duties under such treaties, and (3) the need for treaty regimes to accommodate changing social, economic, political and, of course, environmental circumstances.
Authorisations to Emit Greenhouse Gases – A Conflict-of-Laws Perspective
Authors: Pasqua Marco
Published: November 2023

Within the framework of private climate litigation, where injured people bring civil claims concerning the liability of companies for the harmful effects of their polluting activities before domestic courts, this contribution investigates the role of authorisations to emit greenhouse gases under Directive 2003/87/ec (Emissions Directive), when they are not specifically part of the lex fori (law of the forum) and lex causae (law applicable to merits). A traditional way to consider greenhouse gas emissions permits in these disputes is via the rules of safety and conduct under the Article 17 of the Regulation (ec) No. 864/2007 (Rome ii). The author of this contribution considers that there may be a different reading of such rules, i.e. the interpretative elaboration of a unilateral conflict rule in the Emissions Directive, which would allow the authorisation issued by a State whose law is different than the lex fori and lex causae ones before the courts of EU Member States to be relied upon. Furthermore the authorisation, in circulating, carries with it the (possible) exempting effect under the civil liability rule of the State issuing the authorisation.
Comparative Public Law and Water Crisis
Authors: Louvin Roberto , Benedetti Ezio , Viola Pasquale
Published: November 2023

Environmental degradation and anthropogenic climate change severely affect natural resources, thus fostering the need for effective tools to cope with multiple concerns. Within this scenario, the article aims to address public law policies and legislation in reference to water management, with a focus on three specific issues: 1) environmental cost, 2) participation and water management, 3) alternative dispute resolutions (adr s) and water disputes. The first part is based on the analysis of environmental cost related to the degradation and exhaustion of water ecosystems as a result of an activity (e.g., as a result of withdrawal and/or pollution), as well as related to the supply scarcity. The second part deals with participation, co-participation and multi-level governance systems in the context of deliberative decision-making processes. The third part highlights the key role of participation and proximity in resolving disputes within local communities through the analysis of specific cases (i.e., the Tribunal de las Aguas, the Sudovi za vodu, and the Médiateur de l’eau).
Recognition of a Danish Monetary Penalty in Employment Matters and Public Policy
Authors: Biagioni Giacomo
Published: November 2023

The contribution is focused on a recent decision of the Italian Supreme Court, in which it was held that a Danish judgment imposing a monetary sanction (bod) on an employer for the failure to perform its obligations under a collective employment contract can be recognized in Italy under Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 (applicable to Denmark via the 2005 EU-Denmark Agreement). The request to refuse recognition had been raised on the assumption that the Danish measure amounted to a condemnation to punitive damages and was thus incompatible with public policy. The Corte di Cassazione came to the opposite conclusion, but the solution reached may cause a mixed reaction. It is regrettable that, notwithstanding the applicability of Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012, the Italian Supreme Court simply relied on the principles developed in its previous judgment No. 16601/2017 (concerning a judgment of a non-EU court) and did not deem it necessary to request a preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice (“cjeu”) on the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the mentioned Regulation. In a different vein, it is to be welcomed that the nature of the foreign measure was assessed in accordance with the so-called Engel criteria, developed by the European Court of Human Rights. However, the analysis conducted in the instant case by the Italian Supreme Court, which appeared to overlook some characteristics of the Danish bod, is not completely convincing.
Pelocoris Stål, 1876 of northeastern Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae): first records and a key to the species
Authors: VIANA RENATA SANTOS , FRANCO CLEILTON L. , RAMOS AIALA ALANA P. , MARIANO RODOLFO , AZEVÊDO CARLOS A. SILVA DE , STEFANELLO FABIANO
Published: November 2023

Naucoridae is a family of aquatic bugs, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises 437 species, 47 genera, and eight subfamilies. Five subfamilies, 10 genera and 68 species have been recorded from Brazil. Pelocoris Stål is a genus exclusive to the New World, with 14 species described; eight species and two subspecies have been recorded from Brazil. For the northeastern region, there are no records of occurrence for any species in this genus. The objective of this work was to survey the fauna of Pelocoris in the northeastern region and map the distribution of the species. We examined 180 specimens belonging to six species: Pelocoris binotulatus nigriculus Berg, 1879, P. bipunctulus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1853), P. magister Montandon, 1898, P. poeyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1835), P. politus Montandon, 1897, and P. subflavus Montandon, 1898. This work contributes directly to reducing the Wallacean and Linnean gaps in Naucoridae diversity for northeastern Brazil and highlights the diversity in the region, which is still poorly studied and poorly known.
A new fossil species and new record of Atomaria Stephens (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae) from Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: LYUBARSKY GEORGY YU. , ALEKSEEV VITALII , BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: November 2023

Based on well-preserved specimen in Eocene Baltic amber, Atomaria (Anchicera) propinqua sp. nov. is described and illustrated. It is the sixth fossil species of Atomaria Stephens, 1829 reported from fossil resins. In addition, a new fossil record of A. (Anchicera) alekseevi Lyubarsky et Bukejs, 2022 from Baltic amber is presented.
On the Formation and Maintenance of the Interannual Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Yang Yang , Liang X. San , He Wei-Bang
Published: November 2023

Motivated by the observation that the interannual variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is associated with the ensemble emergence of individual NAO events occurring on the intraseasonal time scale, one naturally wonders how the intraseasonal processes cause the interannual variability and what the dynamics are underlying the multiscale interaction. Using a novel time-dependent and spatially localized multiscale energetics formalism, this study investigates the dynamical sources for the NAO events with different phases and interannual regimes. For the positive-phase events (NAO+), the intraseasonal-scale kinetic energy (K1) over the North Atlantic sector is significantly enhanced for NAO+ occurring in the negative NAO winter regime (NW), compared to those in the positive winter regime (PW). It is caused by the enhanced inverse cascading from synoptic transients and reduced energy dispersion during the life cycle of NAO+ in NW. For the negative-phase events (NAO−), K1 is significantly larger during the early and decay stages of NAO− in NW than that in PW, whereas the reverse occurs in the peak stage. Inverse cascading and baroclinic energy conversion are primary drivers in the formation of the excessive K1 during the early stage of NAO− in NW, whereas only the latter contributes to the larger K1 during the decay stage of NAO− in NW compared to that in PW. The barotropic transfer from the mean flow, inverse cascading, and baroclinic energy conversion are all responsible for the strengthened K1 in the peak stage of NAO− in PW.
An Investigation of the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Extreme Dry and Wet Events across NLDAS-2 Models
Authors: Pascolini-Campbell Madeleine , Reager John T.
Published: November 2023

Extreme hydrological events (including droughts and floods) produce severe social and economic impacts. Monitoring hydrological processes from remote sensing is necessary to improve understanding and preparedness for these events, with current missions focusing on a range of hydrological variables (i.e., SWOT, SMAP, and GRACE). This study uses output from three state-of-the-art land surface assimilation models and an event clustering algorithm to identify the characteristic spatial and temporal scales of large-scale extreme dry and wet events in the contiguous United States for three major hydrological processes: precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture. We also examine the sensitivity of extreme event characteristics to model resolution and assess intermodel differences. We find that models generally agree in terms of the mean characteristics of events: precipitation dry events are of shorter duration in comparison with soil moisture and runoff events, and more intense events tend to be smaller in area. We also find that mean spatial and temporal characteristics are highly dependent on model resolution—important in the context of detecting and monitoring these events. Results from this study can be used to inform land surface model development, extreme hydrology event detection, and sampling requirements of upcoming remote sensing missions in hydrology.

Significance Statement

Understanding the fundamental characteristics of dry and wet extreme events (droughts and floods) is of importance for improving our preparedness and response to events, as well as for designing satellite observing systems that can adequately monitor them. Here we use output from land surface models to determine the average size and duration of large-scale extreme events for the contiguous United States using fine temporal data. We find that events that are most extreme—the most severe floods and droughts—tend to be shorter in duration and smaller in size. We also present an assessment of how three commonly used land surface models detect extreme hydrological events, which is important for assessments based on models. These findings are important for understanding the proportion of events that may be not adequately resolved by current hydrology remote sensing missions.
Use of Stroboscopic Goggles in Suture Training Improves Precision and Accuracy
Authors: Hinton Jeremy , Brantley Steven , Berulava Ekaterina , Kim Sean , Kamel Makrina , Lungstrom Nate , Martin Katelyn , Walser Ronald , Selski Daniel
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to quantify the impact of intermittent visual occlusion via stroboscopic goggles on suture accuracy and precision.

Methods

This crossover study recruited and randomized 72 graduate students to train with stroboscopic goggles early or late in structured suture practice. Participants completed assessments of 10 running sutures with 2 training sessions between baseline and follow-up assessments. The procedure was repeated after crossover. Suture photos were analyzed using ImageJ. Total error among all measurements represented accuracy; standard deviation of error represented precision. Intra- and inter-group trends were identified with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results

Both groups significantly improved in accuracy in the sessions immediately following goggle use, but the group that used goggles later in training continued improving in accuracy and precision while the group that trained with stroboscopic goggles early plateaued.

Conclusions

Using stroboscopic goggles showed quantifiable benefit for augmenting suture training with greatest effect after initial skill acquisition is completed.
Role of Age as a Predictor of Major Complications After Elective Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Areán-Sanz Rodrigo , Ore Ana Sofía , Vigna Carolina , Cataldo Giulio , Lynch Andrew W. , Cataldo Thomas E. , Messaris Evangelos
Published: November 2023

Background

The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the elderly population is increasing. The aim of this study was to assess the degree to which age and other factors increase the risk of developing major complications in patients undergoing elective surgery for UC.

Methods

Using the ACS-NSQIP database from 2016 to 2020, patients undergoing elective surgery for UC were divided into four categories: younger than 30, 30-49, 50-69, and 70 or older. A composite outcome was created including major complications and multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with composite major complications.

Results

5946 patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis who underwent elective surgery were included in the analysis. 14.1% of all patients developed a major complication. For patients with UC, factors associated with the development of a major complication were age 50-69 (OR 1.31, P = .034), male sex (OR 1.38, P < .001), Black race (OR 1.47, P = .049), dependent status (OR 2.06, P = .028), hypoalbuminemia (OR 1.92, P < .001), preoperative steroid treatment (OR 1.27, P = .038), preoperative transfusion (OR 1.91, P < .001), open surgical approach (OR 1.44, P = .002), and partial colectomy (OR 1.51, P = .007). Specifically in patients aged 70 or older, hypoalbuminemia (OR 3.20, P < .001) and preoperative transfusion (OR 2.78, P = .019) were associated with a major complication.

Conclusion

Age is a risk factor for the development of a major complication in UC patients undergoing elective surgery. However, it is not the only risk factor nor is it the one that increases the risk the most.
The Missing Nexus: A Historical and Contemporary Position of the United States on Climate Change Action
Authors: Sahu Rajesh , Kumar Pramod
Published: November 2023

The international system is unstable due to the absence of a global regulating body, but countries are sovereign and independent. Although intergovernmental and multilateral organizations exist, there is no world government to regulate the behaviour of nations. In such an environment, states are highly concerned about their security and domestic interest over the idea of climate justice. However, the United States, with a firm hold on the economy, repeatedly refuses to take a suitable stand, from Kyoto to the Paris Accord, for reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and endlessly demands the developing world’s engagement in climate action. The US’s withdrawal from the Paris Agreement shocked world leaders and criticized the stand of President Trump’s backpaddling, which setback climate action. It influences global emissions, at least for the time being, forcing developing economies to reduce their standard of emissions extensively. Significantly, how conscious is the United States of climate justice? How fast will the United States come back in acting the jeopardy of climate change? This article reviews the US action, shifting governments’ policy and stands on climate change from Rio Earth Summit 1992 to Glasgow Climate Accord 2021 conditions. The author has taken the 1992 to 2021 period, a blueprint for crucial climate action decided in 1992 led to the formation of UNFCCC, while the United States has re-engaged in the Paris Accord in 2021. Also, it tries to understand the shift across federal governments and the influence of local governments on climate change. Furthermore, it sheds light on the obscure image of the United States on carbon trading and tax subsidies for GHGs.
Polystyrene carbon composite foam with enhanced insulation and fire retardancy for a sustainable future: Critical review
Authors: Gaidhani Apurv , Tribe Lauren , Charpentier Paul
Published: November 2023

Polystyrene (PS) composite foams are an intriguing class of materials that are well established for thermal insulation in construction and lightweight recyclable components in automotives. Research has shown the remarkable properties of these foams in terms of thermal and sound insulation and fire retardancy that can be enhanced by incorporating carbon fillers such as graphite, graphene, and biochar. Several methods have been examined by researchers to mix carbon with the polystyrene matrix and prepare PS carbon composite foams, which can broadly be categorized into suspension polymerization, solution mixing and melt blending. These methodologies along with foaming techniques for the expansion of PS using various blowing agents are reviewed. We also review the most relevant research studies in the field of PS carbon composite foams for insulation (thermal and sound) and fire retardancy. Due to its high infrared radiation absorption capacity and hetero nucleating action, expandable graphite and graphene can lead to excellent thermal and sound insulation along with fire retardancy in a PS foam, thus resulting in significant energy savings in a building. Biochar, due to its inherent low thermal conductivity and nucleating action, modifies the foam morphology, leading to enhanced heat and sound absorption and thus is a low-cost renewable carbon alternative that promotes the circular economy.
When a Patient Dies From Suicide: A Survey Among Mental Health Professionals in Israel
Authors: Cohen Ben Simon Or , Brunstein Klomek Anat , Pomerance Yael , Idelman Liza , Lavidor Michal , Gvion Yari
Published: November 2023

Death of patients by suicide can have powerful impacts on mental health professionals (MHPs). The National Program for the Prevention of Suicidality and Suicide at Israel’s Ministry of Health decided to invest in MHPs who have lost patients by suicide. Two hundred and two MHPs completed an online self-report survey regarding their emotional response, professional identity, and clinical practice, and the aid they felt would be supportive following a patient’s suicide. Results indicated that 35% of MHP experienced at least one death of a patient by suicide. Respondents experienced difficult emotional reactions, and many felt responsible for the suicide. Nearly 50% reported that the patient’s suicide affected their clinical practice. Most respondents reported the need for a support framework and information about the processes following a patient’s suicide. It is important to increase awareness of the possibility of losing a patient by suicide and offer an appropriate supportive framework.
Seismic metasurface on an orthorhombic elastic half-space
Authors: Prikazchikov Danila , Sabirova Roza , Wootton Peter T
Published: November 2023

The article is studying a seismic meta-surface in the case of an oscillatory system arranged on the surface of an orthorhombic elastic half-space. The approach is based on the asymptotic hyperbolic–elliptic formulation for the Rayleigh wave excited by prescribed surface loading. The latter results in hyperbolic equations for surface displacements, with the right-hand sides involving the loading components. The derived model allows a formulation for the meta-surface in the form of a periodic spring-mass system attached to the surface as a hyperbolic equation for the horizontal displacement, with smooth contact stresses emerging from averaging the effect of a regular array of oscillators. The associated dispersion relation is constructed and illustrated numerically for both cases of exponential and oscillatory decay.
Endovascular treatment of systematic isolated mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen: Bare stents alone versus stent-assisted coiling
Authors: Wu Huan , Tang Bo , Zhang Haolong , Ran Kun , Chen Yikuan , Luo Hailong
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

Bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment have not been directly compared in symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen. Thus, we compared the early and mid-term outcomes of bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment to determine the most effective remedy for patients with this condition.

Methods:

Consecutive patients diagnosed with systematic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen admitted to the study hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Their demographic data, clinical findings, treatment options, early outcomes, and follow-up results were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 85 patients (83 men) were included. 34.1% (n = 29) adopted bare stent treatment and 65.9% (n = 56) underwent bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. The symptoms were relieved in all patients (100%) with bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two endovascular treatments ( p = 0.354). The cumulative complete remodeling rate was 100% in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment vs. 70.4% in bare stent treatment ( p < 0.0001). The prevalence of adverse events for abdominal pain recurrence (none in BST or bare stent-assisted coiling treatment), and formation of the aneurysm (two in bare stent treatment, and none in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment) showed no significant difference at follow-up.

Conclusion:

Both bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment for symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen have the same satisfying early outcome. In the midterm follow-up, bare stent-assisted coiling treatment has the higher cumulative complete remodeling rate which could be prioritized to treat this condition.