bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle and Gaseous Emissions from a Heavy-Duty SI Gas Engine over WHTC Driving Cycles
Authors: Napolitano Pierpaolo , Guido Chiara , Beatrice Carlo , Fraioli Valentina , Alfuso Salvatore
Published: December 2019

The use of gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines is increasing, due to several reasons, first of all their low environmental impact, large availability and low cost. Nevertheless, the need to reduce emissions also from gas engines is an important aspect to be considered in order to comply with future engine emissions regulations.

In this scenario, an extensive experimental activity was performed to fully characterize an heavy duty spark ignition engine, under development for Euro VI compliance and designed to run with gaseous fuels. Two separate sets of experiments were carried out, in order to analyze the engine behavior when burning LPG and CNG, respectively. To this aim, the engine was installed on a dynamic test bench, accurately instrumented to characterize the combustion evolution, performance and exhaust pollutant emissions, along the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC), the new European driving homologation cycle.

The main part of the manuscript addresses the analysis of the exhaust particulate emissions, in terms of soot concentration, particle number (PN) and particle size distribution function (PSDF). More in detail, a photo-acoustic sensor and a fast particulate spectrometer were adopted for on-line soot, PN and particle size measurements, during the transient engine tests.

The results revealed that although the gaseous emissions were within homologation limits, soot and PN could represent an issue for this class of engines. The experiments allowed to highlight that most part of the particles are emitted during specific phases of the driving cycle and could be ascribed to the engine oil vapors combustion.

Moreover, the investigation, indicating which engine operating conditions displayed the highest contribution to particles emissions, may provide helpful insights to deal with such critical conditions.
Public sector reforms: transparency and accountability in the digital environment
Authors: Thurston Anne
Published: December 2019

The international development community sees transparency and accountability as fundamental to achieving development goals. Records should play a key role in achieving these goals, but at present, data and statistics receive far more attention than do records, which barely feature on the international agenda despite their fundamental contribution to national development. The key role that records play in documenting development decisions and actions tends not to be recognised or highly valued by governments and international development agencies. This paper suggests that this is a make-or-break time for the records profession in Africa: either the fundamentally important contribution that the profession can make to all aspects of development, including accountability and transparency, will be recognised and properly resourced, or it will remain a low priority area with less and less relevance to development and in turn fewer resources being invested. Although digital records are rapidly becoming the predominant media of government communication, the structures and systems needed to protect and preserve them have not been fully developed anywhere in the region. There is a very high risk that national development will be undermined if the records issue is not properly addressed and that much of the public records now being created will never come into archival custody. The bottom line is that if the records profession wants to fulfil its function to protect and preserve evidence for citizens and society, it needs to change to meet the present realities. Focusing on how records and archives can complement data and statistics to benefit citizens and support accountability and transparency could offer the way for the national archives in the ESARBICA region to play their essential role in national and international development.
Management of social media records at the National University of Science and Technology in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mpala Ndlelenhle , Dewah Peterson
Published: December 2019

Institutions of higher learning, including universities, are now actively using social media for business activities, which leads to the creation of records on these social media platforms. The study sought to investigate how the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) in Zimbabwe manages its social media-generated records given its presence on social media platforms and in view of the rapid accumulation of such records and the instability of these social media platforms. The study used a qualitative research methodology and employed a case study design. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews, content analysis and document study. The findings indicate that the NUST recognises social media-generated records as official records; and it uses its communication policy as guidelines to regulate the posting of social media content. The NUST ICT Acceptable Use Policy was used as a guiding tool on passwords for social media platforms to ensure that the social media records are authentic and reliable. The study also established that the responsibility of posting and control of social media content lies with the Communication and Marketing Office. Although social media-generated records are recognised as official records at the NUST, the study established that the NUST Records Management Policy is silent about managing social media-generated records. The NUST mainly controls records that are created and posted on its social media platforms but does not follow best practices for the capturing and preservation social media records to ensure authenticity of its social media records. In view of the findings and conclusions, the study recommended that the NUST should come up with a social media records policy to guide the generation and control of social media records. The NUST can update its yet to be implemented current proposed records management policy to incorporate social media records management, and can introduce a viable records management unit that spearheads the management and appreciation of all records at the NUST, including social media records. This would lead to the adoption of best practices and standards for all records management activities at the NUST so that the organisation has reliable and authentic records all the time.
The ethical implications of digitisation of the Alan Paton Centre struggle archives
Authors: Nsibirwa Zawedde
Published: December 2019

The fluid development of technology has led to the re-ontologising of systems and the need for archivists and manuscript librarians to change the ways in which they carry out their duties by adapting trends, which include digitisation. This entails professionals changing the way they accomplish their traditional practised values, inclusive of new ethical challenges. This article examines the ethical implications of the digitisation of archival records in a special collection creating new formats of records. In Africa, a number of such projects fail due to lack of proper strategies and planning, unethical practices, lack of harmonised guidelines, frameworks and standards. The intricacies of the digitisation of special records need archivists to assess what they do and the consequences of their actions in order to protect the integrity and authenticity of the record as well as to provide access to it and ensure its preservation. A mixed method approach was used to investigate this case study. Three members of staff working on the digitisation project were interviewed and an observation checklist was also used to examine 114 records that had been digitised. The study revealed that the fundamental ethical challenge emanated from legislation not catering for the governing of private archives in South Africa. In addition, the study also revealed that the archive had only a draft digitisation policy for the current and continued preservation of and access to these records now and in the future. The project lacks clear direction.
Potential distribution model of Leontochir ovallei using remote sensing data
Authors: Payacán S. , Alfaro F.D. , Pérez-Martínez W. , Briceño-de-Urbaneja I.
Published: December 2019

Predicting the potential distribution of short-lived species with a narrow natural distribution range is a difficult task, especially when there is limited field data. The possible distribution of L. ovallei was modeled using the maximum entropy approach. This species has a very restricted distribution along the hyperarid coastal desert in northern Chile. Our results showed that local and regional environmental factors define its distribution. Changes in altitude and microhabitat related to the landforms are of critical importance at the local scale, whereas cloud cover variations associated with coastal fog was the principal factor determining the presence of L. ovallei at the regional level. This study verified the value of the maximum entropy in understanding the factors that influence the distribution of plant species with restricted distribution ranges.
The rehabilitation of buildings. Reflections on construction systems for the environmental sustainability of interventions
Authors: De Gregorio Stefania
Published: December 2019

The old age and the poor state of repair of the Italian building heritage and the change in the needs and lifestyle of modern society require re-qualitative interventions of building rehabilitation. These operations are environmentally sustainable, favouring the protection of the soil, allowing the grey energy of the materials that make up the building to be depreciated over a greater number of years and which will have sufficient residual performance, also thanks to integration with other components.

In order to safeguard the intrinsic sustainability of the rehabilitation of the building, it is necessary to act in the intervention taking into account its sustainability, considering the life cycle of both the building as a whole together with its specific redevelopment project. Sustainability in the management phase is conditioned by energy efficiency; in the construction and demolition phases, however, it is conditioned both by the construction techniques and the connection methods between the different elements of the construction system, and above all by the choice of its components and materials that make it up. The paper presents as an international best practice a dry construction system made with recycled elements derived from scaffolding and a wet construction system consisting of components in lime and hemp.
Engaging architectural heritage in climate action
Authors: García-Esparza Juan A.
Published: December 2019

The ICOMOS Working Group on Climate Change and Cultural Heritage have recently released an Outline of Climate Change and Cultural Heritage.
Performance of rabbit does housed in collective pens and individual cages
Authors: Machado L.C. , Martínez-Paredes E. , Cervera C.
Published: December 2019

In society today, there is increasing concern for the welfare of farm animals. New models of rabbit breeding are proposed, such as group housing of rabbit does in a semi-group system or environmental enrichment of individual housing. This work aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance and metabolic aspects of rabbit does housed in collective pens, comparing them to individual cages provided with a platform. Forty-eight animals were distributed in 24 individual cages (40×98×57 cm; width, length and height) and four collective pens (six does per pen; 240×100×65 cm) and remained during four cycles. The does previously housed in collective pens gained less weight and reached lighter weights by the first insemination day (3669 vs. 3872 g; P<0.01), but regained weight over the cycles and had a similar weight during the experiment (4306 vs. 4329 g). It was observed that there was a lower feed intake in the period before delivery in collective pens, which contributed to the lower kit birth weights (57.2 vs. 60.1 g/kit for collective pens and individual cage respectively, P<0.05). There were no differences in perirenal fat thickness, litter size at birth and milk yield, although does housed in collective pens had a lower feed intake (499 vs. 526 g dry matter/d for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.001) and lost more perirenal fat after grouping (–0.05 vs. +0.15 mm for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05), and produced less milk the day after grouping (221 vs. 283 g for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05). In collective pens, a higher number of inseminations to reach a pregnancy (1.43 vs. 1.24 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05) and lower number of weaned (56 vs. 66 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05) kits per doe per year were revealed for does in individual cages. Overall, the use of collective pens prejudiced some parameters and needs to be economically evaluated for adoption on commercial rabbit farms.
La movilización general del trabajo agrícola en el campo español: Una aproximación sociohistórica
Authors: Pedreño Andrés
Published: December 2019

El objeto de este artículo es el análisis de las distintas formas de asentamiento de los trabajadores inmigrantes extranjeros en el campo español. Esta problemática se enmarca en las políticas de movilización general del trabajo impulsadas por el estado y las empresas para atender las necesidades de reclutamiento de los campos de la globalización. Tras realizar una exploración histórica de la movilización del trabajo en las diferentes estructuras sociales de acumulación, tal y como se han plasmado en la realidad agraria española, el análisis se centra en los diferentes tipos de asentamiento de la mano de obra agrícola procedente de las migraciones internacionales: a) poblados organizados empresarialmente; b) infravivienda y diseminados rurales; y c) barrios urbanos. Finalmente, se presta atención al caso de la Región de Murcia, un enclave del mediterráneo español de producción intensiva de frutas y hortalizas que ha requerido una amplísima movilización de mano de obra extranjera.
Sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an, China: primary emissions and secondary formation constrained by radiocarbon
Authors: Ni Haiyan , Huang Ru-Jin , Cao Junji , Guo Jie , Deng Haoyue , Dusek Ulrike
Published: December 2019

Abstract. To investigate the sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosols, a major contributor to severe particulate air pollution, radiocarbon (14C) measurements were conducted on aerosols sampled from November 2015 to November 2016 in Xi'an, China. Based on the 14C content in elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and
water-insoluble OC (WIOC), contributions of major sources to carbonaceous
aerosols are estimated over a whole seasonal cycle: primary and secondary
fossil sources, primary biomass burning, and other non-fossil carbon formed
mainly from secondary processes. Primary fossil sources of EC were further
sub-divided into coal and liquid fossil fuel combustion by complementing
14C data with stable carbon isotopic signatures. The dominant EC source was liquid fossil fuel combustion (i.e., vehicle
emissions), accounting for 64 % (median; 45 %–74 %, interquartile range) of EC in autumn, 60 % (41 %–72 %) in summer, 53 % (33 %–69 %) in spring and 46 % (29 %–59 %) in winter. An increased contribution from biomass burning to EC was observed in winter (∼28 %) compared to other seasons (warm period;
∼15 %). In winter, coal combustion (∼25 %) and biomass burning equally contributed to EC, whereas in the warm period, coal combustion accounted for a larger fraction of EC than biomass burning. The relative contribution of fossil sources to OC was consistently lower than that to EC, with an annual average of 47±4 %. Non-fossil OC of secondary origin was an important contributor to total OC (35±4 %) and accounted for more than half of non-fossil OC (67±6 %) throughout the year. Secondary fossil OC (SOCfossil) concentrations were higher than primary fossil OC (POCfossil) concentrations in winter but lower than POCfossil in the warm period. Fossil WIOC and water-soluble OC (WSOC) have been widely used as proxies for
POCfossil and SOCfossil, respectively. This assumption was evaluated by (1) comparing their mass concentrations with POCfossil and SOCfossil and (2) comparing ratios of fossil WIOC to fossil EC to typical primary OC-to-EC ratios from fossil sources including both coal combustion and vehicle emissions. The results suggest that fossil WIOC and fossil WSOC are probably a better approximation for primary and secondary fossil OC, respectively, than POCfossil and SOCfossil estimated using the EC tracer method.
In-flight calibration and monitoring of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) short-wave infrared (SWIR) module
Authors: van Kempen Tim A. , van Hees Richard M. , Tol Paul J. J. , Aben Ilse , Hoogeveen Ruud W. M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. During its first year in operation the short-wave infrared (SWIR) Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument
(TROPOMI) was
calibrated in-flight and its performance was monitored.
In this paper we present the results of the in-flight calibration and the ongoing instrument monitoring. This includes the determination of the background signals, noise performance, instrument spectral response function (ISRF) stability, and stray-light stability. From these results, the number of incurred dead and bad
pixels due to cosmic-ray impacts is determined. The light-path transmission is checked by monitoring internal lamp and diffuser stabilities.
Due to its high sensitivity to Earth radiation on the eclipse side, the calibration strategy for the background (i.e. dark current and offset) monitoring was adjusted.
Trends over the first full year of nominal operations reveal a very stable SWIR module. The number of newly incurred dead and bad pixels
is less than 0.1 % over nearly a full year since the start of operations. Assuming linear degradation of various components, the SWIR module is expected to keep performing within expected parameters for the full operational lifetime.
40 years High Arctic climatological dataset of the Polish Polar Station Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
Authors: Wawrzyniak Tomasz , Osuch Marzena
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The article presents the climatological dataset from the Polish Polar Station Hornsund located in the SW part of Spitsbergen - the biggest island of the Svalbard Archipelago. Due to a general lack of long-term in situ measurements and observations, the high Arctic remains one of the largest climate‐data deficient regions on the Earth, so described series is of unique value. To draw conclusions on the climatic changes in the Arctic, it is necessary to analyse the long-term series of continuous, systematic, in situ observations from different locations and comparing the corresponding data, rather than rely on the climatic simulations only. In recent decades, rapid environmental changes occurring in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic are reflected in the data series collected by the operational monitoring conducted at the Hornsund Station. We demonstrate the results of the 40 years-long series of observations. Climatological mean values or totals are given, and we also examined the variability of meteorological variables at monthly and annual scale using the modified Mann-Kendall test for trend and Sen’s method. The relevant daily, monthly, and annual data are provided on the PANGAEA repository (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.909042, Wawrzyniak and Osuch, 2019).
CORRELATION OF UAV-BASED MULTISPECTRAL VEGETATION INDICES AND LEAF COLOR CHART OBSERVATIONS FOR NITROGEN CONCENTRATION ASSESSMENT ON RICE CROPS
Authors: Bacsa C. M. , Martorillas R. M. , Balicanta L. P. , Tamondong A. M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Fertilizer application is a crucial farming operation for regulating crop health thus crop yield. Optimal fertilizing doubles agricultural production subsequently raising farmers’ income, food security and economic agriproducts. To optimize the application of fertilizers, initial monitoring of the current nutrient status of the crops is required. This research will focus on Nitrogen (N), the most extensive fertilizer nutrient in crop cultivation. Conventional N monitoring involves the use of Leaf Color Charts (LCC) wherein leaf color intensity is associated with the N content of the crops. Despite its ability to quantify the optimal amount of needed fertilizers, the LCC method requires extensive on-site labor and lacks accuracy. This study developed a method that incorporates capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with a multispectral sensor in N monitoring specifically in rice crops, a major agricultural product in the Philippines. In situ N level information collected through LCC was correlated with remote sensing data, particularly vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from UAV multispectral imagery of a rice plantation in San Rafael, Bulacan. Several VIs sensitive to crop N content were tested to determine which has the highest correlation with the LCC data. Through Pearson correlation and regression analysis, NDVIRed Edge was found to be the most strongly correlated with LCC data suggesting its potential in mapping variability in fertilizer requirements. An equation modelling LCC observations and NDVIRed Edge values that estimates the N levels of an entire rice plantation was generated along with the N concentration map of the study area.
URBAN FIRE SPREAD MODELLING AND SIMULATION USING CELLULAR AUTOMATON WITH EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE
Authors: Patac J. C. J. , Vicente A. J. O.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Urban fire continues to be a persistent disaster, especially with the proliferation of highly dense urban settlements. As a response, several measures were established to help mitigate the losses caused by fire including simulating the fire spread. The cellular automaton system has been widely used to simulate the complex process of fire development along with Physics-based models. A data-driven approach has been rarely employed. This paper presents the result of incorporating machine learning techniques to the existing cellular automaton based urban fire spread models. Specifically, instead of manually calculating the ignition probability of each cell in the automaton, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) was used to learn the ignition probability from the historical data. After building the model, its performance was evaluated using the data collected from the four fires in Basak, Lapu-Lapu City. By using a confusion matrix to compare the actual and the predicted values, the Burned Actual – Burned Predicted relationship was derived. Results suggest that the proposed method can effectively describe the development of fire, and the model accuracy is quite good (i.e., the Burned Actual - Burned Predicted relationship ranges from 78% to 83%). Lastly, the study was able to demonstrate the possibility of using a data-driven approach in creating a simple cellular automaton fire spread simulation model for urban areas. Further studies utilizing more fire incident data on with varying properties is recommended.
CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION RETRIEVAL USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN LAGUNA LAKE, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Syariz M. A. , Lin C.-H. , Blanco A. C.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Two existing chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration retrieval procedures, which are analytical and empirical, are hindered by the complexity in radiative transfer equation (RTE) and in statistical analyses, respectively. Another promising model in this direction is the use of artificial neural networks (ANN). Mostly, a pixel-to-pixel with one-layer ANN model is used; where in fact that the satellite instrumental errors and man-made objects in water bodies might affect the retrieval and should be taken into account. In this study, the mask-based neural structure, called convolutional neural networks (CNN) model containing both the target and neighborhood pixels, is proposed to reduce the influence of the aforementioned premises. The proposed model is an end-to-end multiple-layer model which integrates band expansion, feature extraction, and chl-a estimation into the structure, leading to an optimal chl-a concentration retrieval. In addition to that, a two-stage training is also proposed to solve the problem of insufficient in-situ samples which happens in most of the time. In the first stage, the proposed model is trained by using the chl-a concentration derived from the water product, provided by satellite agency, and is refined with the in-situ samples in the second stage. Eight Sentinel-3 images from different acquisition time and coincide in-situ measurements over Laguna Lake waters of Philippines were utilized to conduct the model training and testing. Based on quantitative accuracy assessment, the proposed method outperformed the existing dual- and triple- bands combinations in chl-a concentration retrieval.
TOWARDS PREDICTING RICE LOSS DUE TO TYPHOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Boeke S. , van den Homberg M. J. C. , Teklesadik A. , Fabila J. L. D. , Riquet D. , Alimardani M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Reliable predictions of the impact of natural hazards turning into a disaster is important for better targeting humanitarian response as well as for triggering early action. Open data and machine learning can be used to predict loss and damage to the houses and livelihoods of affected people. This research focuses on agricultural loss, more specifically rice loss in the Philippines due to typhoons. Regression and binary classification algorithms are trained using feature selection methods to find the most important explanatory features. Both geographical data from every province, and typhoon specific features of 11 historical typhoons are used as input. The percentage of lost rice area is considered as the output, with an average value of 7.1%. As for the regression task, the support vector regressor performed best with a Mean Absolute Error of 6.83 percentage points. For the classification model, thresholds of 20%, 30% and 40% are tested in order to find the best performing model. These thresholds represent different levels of lost rice fields for triggering anticipatory action towards farmers. The binary classifiers are trained to increase its ability to rightly predict the positive samples. In all three cases, the support vector classifier performed the best with a recall score of 88%, 75% and 81.82%, respectively. However, the precision score for each of these models was low: 17.05%, 14.46% and 10.84%, respectively. For both the support vector regressor and classifier, of all 14 available input features, only wind speed was selected as explanatory feature. Yet, for the other algorithms that were trained in this study, other sets of features were selected depending also on the hyperparameter settings. This variation in selected feature sets as well as the imprecise predictions were consequences of the small dataset that was used for this study. It is therefore important that data for more typhoons as well as data on other explanatory variables are gathered in order to make more robust and accurate predictions. Also, if loss data becomes available on municipality-level, rather than province-level, the models will become more accurate and valuable for operationalization.
The Conceivability of Locke's Image of the World
Authors: Pasnau Robert
Published: December 2019

This is a revised version of a paper presented at the APA Eastern Division's 115th annual meeting in New York on Monday January 07, 2019. It was presented at session 2O Author Meets Critics: Michael Jacovides, Locke’s Image of the World. The session chair was Antonia LoLordo (University of Virginia), the critics were Robert Pasnau (University of Colorado Boulder) and Kathryn Tabb (Columbia University), and the author was Michael Jacovides (Purdue University).
Aguas subterráneas, ordenación del territorio y medioambiente en España, en la actualidad
Authors: Sotelo Pérez Ignacio
Published: December 2019

A lo largo de la presente investigación nos hemos aproximado al estudio del complejo mundo de las aguas subterráneas, desde la idea según la cual debemos partir de la realidad del ciclo hidrológico, de las fases del mismo, y de su unidad, como parte esencial de la legislación de aguas. De hecho, al tratar la materia concerniente a las aguas subterráneas tenemos que reseñar que estas aguas se conforman como parte de unos recursos de carácter natural, de gran relevancia no solo estratégica, sino también para todos y cada uno de los ecosistemas acuáticas dependientes de ellas. Estos recursos naturales, han sido abordados desde dos perspectivas significativas, que son la necesidad de proteger a estos recursos, y el interés por utilizar los mismos para los abastecimientos de aguas potables. De estas dos perspectivas, surge el propósito de alcanzar el objetivo de que las masas de aguas subterráneas empleadas para extraer las mencionadas aguas potables (o acometidas con tales fines para momentos futuros), sean del todo grado objeto de protección, en aras a prevenir los deterioros de su calidad, y de reducir los índices de tratamiento de purificación exigidos para tales finalidades. Su estudio e investigación nos ha aproximado al tratamiento legislativo de la Unión Europea y de España, tratándose de las diferentes Directivas, hasta el Plan Hidrológico Nacional o la protección de las aguas subterráneas de la contaminación y el deterioro ambiental.
La reparación del daño al medioambiente: vías para ejercer la responsabilidad y aseguramiento de los daños
Authors: Beja Gómez Jorge
Published: December 2019

Desde mediados del siglo pasado, la preocupación acerca de la protección al medioambiente ha ido en aumento. Actualmente en nuestro ordenamiento, contamos con varias vías para proceder a la reparación del daño causado al medioambiente, dependiendo del tipo de daño, bien afectado y sujeto productor del daño. Es objeto de este trabajo acercar posturas para entender como estas tres vías se complementan, cuáles son las características que las definen y cuando serán más apropiadas, entendiendo que para que el sistema sea verdaderamente efectivo, este tiene que tender a que la prevención sea el objetivo principal, pues los bienes ambientales son difícilmente recuperables.
An Investigation and Countermeasures on the Cultural Adaptation of African Students in China
Authors: Jin Xinxin , Khan Rabnawaz , Feng Wu Xiao
Published: December 2019

Culture adaption is based on norms, customs and language, which entails moving from different classes and voluntary immigration. This qualitative and quantitative research paper is exploring the new ideas and fondness of interchange personalities of students, who are studying in different universities and in different cities of Jiangsu province. The empirical analysis of this study is investigated that those African students who have a well-educated and oriented in their own specialization but still in case of language they have faced some tactical challenges with different race and nations. Furthermore, the African students not directly integrate with Chinese culture comparatively other nations of students. However, some proposals will be offered to help African students’ living and learning. Additionally, to develop the relationship by state with new ideas and to improve the business policies from African countries.
On reconstruction effects in English wh-slifting: Theoretical and experimental considerations
Authors: Vlachos Christos , Christou Nikoletta , Grohmann Kleanthes K.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, reconstruction for Binding Principles A and C will be (re)considered in wh-slifting, a construction which appears to associate a wh-interrogative clause with a yes/no-interrogative clause, whose predicate typically selects propositions rather than questions. While the current view is that both binding principles bleed in wh-slifting, a thorough examination of Principle C and experimental pilot findings for Principle A reported here suggest the exact opposite conclusion: Binding Principles A and C do not bleed in wh-slifting. To the extent that this conclusion is valid, it favors the hypothesis that a wh-interrogative clause reconstructs to the complement position of a proposition-selecting predicate. This, in turn, raises non-trivial questions about the syntax and semantics of clausal complement selection, which we leave unanswered.
Doenças de glândulas salivares: estudo epidemiológico em um serviço de Estomatologia do sul do Brasil
Authors: Lopes Leal Victória , Da Silveira Teixeira Dieni , Zancanaro de Figueiredo Maria Antonia , Cherubini Karen , Gonçalves Salum Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: realizar um levantamento epidemiológico das doenças de glândulas salivares por meio de análise de prontuários registrados em um serviço de Estomatologia do sul do Brasil. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por aproximadamente 24.000 prontuários de pacientes do Serviço de Estomatologia do Hospital São Lucas, atendidos no período de 1977 a 2017. Foram selecionados os prontuários que apresentassem as seguintes enfermidades de glândulas salivares: mucocele, rânula, sialolitíase, sialoadenite infecciosa, síndrome de Sjögren, sialometaplasia necrosante e neoplasias benignas ou malignas. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando o teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: das 817 enfermidades encontradas, 56,2% eram mucoceles, 11,1% sialoadenites infecciosas, 10,3% rânulas, 10,1% sialolitíases, 5,5% neoplasias benignas, 4,3% síndrome de Sjögren, 2,1% neoplasias malignas e 0,4% sialometaplasias necrosantes. O mucocele apresentou predileção pelo sexo masculino, enquanto a rânula e a síndrome de Sjögren foram mais associadas ao sexo feminino. As demais enfermidades não apresentaram predileção por sexo. A localização das lesões, as características clínicas e a idade dos pacientes acometidos foram também avaliadas. Conclusão: as doenças das glândulas salivares merecem destaque entre as enfermidades do sistema estomatognático devido à complexa anatomia dessas estruturas, à importância da saliva na homeostase bucal e ao comportamento clínico indolente das neoplasias malignas que acometem essas glândulas.
Comparisons between photographic equipment for dental use: DSLR cameras vs. smartphones
Authors: Grigollo Patussi Eduardo , Garcia Poltronieri Bruno Cezar , Ottoni Rodrigo , Bervian Juliane , Lisboa Caroline , Corazza Pedro Henrique
Published: December 2019

Objective: to compare the image quality obtained by six cameras used for dental documentation, including four DSLR cameras and two smartphones with different sensor size. Methods: the equipment determined the groups: APSCcan18-55 – Sensor APS-C Canon (EOS T5i) + 18-55 mm lens; APSCcan100 – Sensor APS-C Canon (EOS T5i) + 100 mm macro lens; APSCnik18-55 – Sensor APS-C Nikon (D5100) + 18-55 mm lens; APSCnik100 – Sensor APS-C Nikon (D5100) + 100 mm macro lens; ip1/3” – iPhone with 1/3-inch sensor; ga1/2.6”- Galaxy with 1/2.6-inch sensor. Two set of images -“dental documentation” and “small objects”- were obtained. The photographs were evaluated by three groups: US, undergraduate students; DS, dentists; and DP, dentists with photography experience. Scores between 0 and 10 were assigned. The results were compared by RM Anova and Tukey (α = 0.05). Results: the highest overall scores were obtained with APSCnik100 (8.5). For “dental documentation”, APSCcan18-55 and APSCnik18-55 showed the lowest values, even compared to ga1/2.6” (for US, DS and DP evaluators) and ip1/3” (for US evaluators). For “small objects”, DSLRs resulted in higher mean values compared to smartphones for US and DS. Conclusions: DSLR cameras with 18-55 mm lens and no circular flash should not be used for documentation photographs. DSLR cameras, regardless of lens, are superior to smartphones for small objects photographs.
Tratamento fechado em fratura mandibular: parassinfisária e côndilar bilateral – relato de caso clínico
Authors: Oliveira Soares Leandro , De Souza Carvalho Bethânia Carolina , Gonçalves de Resende Renata , Martins Gomes Alex
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: relatar um caso de fratura na região parassinfisária e côndilar bilateral após acidente ciclístico, tratada pela técnica de bloqueio maxilomandibular. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero feminino, 21 anos, deu entrada no Hospital Municipal Waldemar das Dores, Barão de Cocais, MG, vítima de acidente ciclístico, apresentando fratura de esmalte e dentina nos dentes 11 e 21, mordida aberta anterior, com incapacidade de atingir a máxima intercuspidação, juntamente com uma limitação de excursão lateral para o lado direito. Após exames tomográficos, foi constatada fratura completa de colo de côndilo direito, fratura em galho verde em côndilo esquerdo e fratura de cortical lingual parassinfisária. Por se tratar de uma paciente jovem e por apenas uma de suas fraturas apresentar-se completa (colo do côndilo direito), foi proposto tratamento fechado, por meio do bloqueio maxilomandibular. Conclusão: o bloqueio maxilomandibular foi considerado um tratamento eficaz no caso em questão, no qual foi possível estabelecer a consolidação das fraturas sem ocorrência de complicações pós-tratamento.
Revisão dos aspectos morfológicos e imunoistoquímicos do linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) com ênfase em boca
Authors: Tatyanne Santos de Freitas Camila , Maria de França Glória , Câmara Jeconias , Tatiana Nayara Libório-Kimura Tatiana
Published: December 2019

Os linfomas compreendem um grupo diverso de neoplasias malignas, provenientes de células do sistema imunológico em diferentes estágios de diferenciação. Objetivo: o propósito deste artigo é facilitar o diagnóstico do linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) por meio de seus aspectos clínicos, morfológicos e imunoistoquímicos, além de suas peculiaridades como manifestação primária em boca. Revisão de literatura: foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura por intermédio de artigos selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, SciELO e Lilacs, pela busca por palavras-chave. Aspectos relacionados a classificação e manifestações clínicas também foram considerados, a fim de facilitar o entendimento da lesão e de suas particularidades em boca. Verificou-se que o LDGCB representa a variante mais comum em boca. Os sinais e sintomas clínicos relacionados a essa condição podem ser: aumento de volume, dor, ulceração, alteração de cor da mucosa ou até mesmo parestesia. Morfologicamente, os LDGCBs apresentam células grandes, com padrão de crescimento difuso, citoplasma escasso, nucléolos evidentes e mitoses. Na imunoistoquímica, os LDGCBs são geralmente positivos para CD20 e outros marcadores da linhagem B (CD19, CD79a, PAX5 e CD138), dependendo do estágio de maturação em que se encontram as células B. Considerações finais: o diagnóstico do LDGCB em boca representa um desafio contínuo para os patologistas, em função da heterogeneidade de suas características morfológicas e imunofenotípicas.
Morfología de cráteres de de impacto en áreas pantanosas
Authors: Mauri José Valentín
Published: December 2019

Durante un evento de impacto, a medida que se transfiere la energía, se forma un cráter cuyas características dependen no solo de la cantidad de energía del proyectil, sino también de la composición y naturaleza de los materiales de la superficie. Esta investigación se basa en la simulación de impactos en un material seleccionado, saturado con agua, con el objetivo de obtener la morfología general de cráteres de impacto en áreas pantanosas y la caracterización de la dispersión del eyecta. Con el fin de establecer una plantilla general que sirva de apoyo a la identificación de posibles candidatos a cráter de impacto, en pantanos o humedales del planeta Tierra, Marte y otros cuerpos rocosos ricos en elementos volátiles. Se utilizó un dispositivo de simulación con una configuración que permite variar el ángulo de disparo sin variar la distancia al objetivo. Para la simulación de impactos se utilizó un rifle de aire comprimido calibre 22 que dispara perdigones de plomo a una velocidad de 304.8 m/s. Se observó una disminución del diámetro del cráter según se aumentaba el ángulo de incidencia. Las características más notables del eyecta son los lóbulos unidos al borde principal y los segmentos discretos que se desprenden del borde para formar promontorios. Se cotejó que el borde sur (dirección de entrada del proyectil) siempre es más estrecho que el borde norte (dirección opuesta de entrada del proyectil). Esta característica junto con la medida del eje mayor de la forma elíptica del cráter se puede utilizar como indicador de la dirección de entrada del impactor.
Densidad electrónica del gas en la Galaxia NGC 3310 con Pyneb
Authors: Artola Adan
Published: December 2019

Presentamos la reducción y análisis del espectro óptico (λ3600 − λ7000 Å) de la galaxia en espiral con brote estelar NGC 3310. El análisis de densidad electrónica realizado muestra un valor de ne = 167.85e−/cm3 para la zona estudiada. También se discute origen de las líneas de emisión y absorción mas intensas que presenta la galaxia, de las cuales se proporciona su flujo, ancho equivalente y el proceso de reducción utilizado para obtenerlas.
Pensar ciencias antropológicas: Estudio e investigación
Authors: Albrecht Bernhard
Published: December 2019

Los estudios de antropología y etnología se han transformado en su devenir histórico, ciertamente cada escuela antropológica plasma su propio enfoque epistémico a la comprensión de los fenómenos con la lente etnográfica o etnológica. Este texto tiene el propósito de abrir paso a la reflexión de la ciencia antropológica, desde lo que estudia como fundamento de su quehacer y lo cómo lo hace como proceso de investigación. Por ello, se hace una reflexión teórica sobre los elementos sustanciales que componen el objeto y sujeto del Estudio, pero a su vez, se propone rutas metodológicas para abordar el estudio desde una investigación cualitativa con profundo análisis de lo subjetivo, la dialéctica que surge entre el investigador y el interlocutor. La propuesta aquí planteada surge de más de 30 años de investigaciones, evaluaciones de datos de campo. El autor ha denominado a toda la obra “Pensar Ciencias Antropológicas”, de la cual se presenta en esta ocasión su primer acápite: Estudio e investigación.
Matriarcado Garífuna: Ancestralidad, Espiritualidad y Lucha
Authors: Flores Recinos Martha
Published: December 2019

El pueblo garífuna es una cultura ancestral que tiene su origen en la unión de tres culturas; la africana, arawak y caribes. Este nuevo grupo étnico tiene su propia lengua, sistema de creencias, alimentos y practicas ancestrales de la agricultura, danzas y cantos que se unen a su espiritualidad. Actualmente habitan en 48 comunidades hondureñas, desde Masca, departamento de Cortés, hasta Plaplaya, departamento de Gracias a Dios. También se ubican en seis centros urbanos de Belice, en dos comunidades de Nicaragua y en una de Guatemala. Se estima que hay unos 250 mil garífunas en Honduras y más de 100 mil que emigraron hacia Estados Unidos. La cultura garífuna es ancestralmente matrifocal, las mujeres ancianas son herederas de los conocimientos ancestrales espirituales que les permiten comunicarse con las ancestras y ancestros a quienes presentan ofrendas y piden ayuda en sus luchas para conservar sus territorios que para ellos representan la vida, la cultura, la existencia misma del pueblo originario garífuna. Su lucha es tan antigua como su origen, a pesar que son grandes guerreros que han sabido dar batalla a todos los invasores, desde los francés e ingleses que les expulsaron de la Isla San Vicente, hasta el Estado de Honduras que a lo largo de la historia ha buscado la manera de expropiar los territorios que legítimamente les fueron otorgados desde hace más de doscientos años. En el 2001 la UNESCO declaró la cultura garífuna Patrimonio Intangible de la Humanidad.
Frontera Agrícola, Movimientos campesinos y Pueblos Indígenas del norte de Nicaragua (1980-2019)
Authors: Cruz Olivas Uwe Paul
Published: December 2019

En el presente artículo analizare los movimientos campesinos e indígenas de los municipios de Wiwili y Bocay en los últimos 40 años, las fuentes fueron obtenidas a través de cinco años de intenso estudio arqueológico, histórico, lingüístico, antropológico y sociológico en el departamento de Jinotega. Se trabajó con documentación histórica de los municipios en mención, se implementaron los métodos y técnicas etnográficas y etnológicas para el registro de testimonios de líderes comunitarios que formaron parte de la contrarrevolución y el Ejército Popular Sandinista (1981 1990). El énfasis esta puesto en los cambios históricos y estratégicos que vienen sufriendo los campesinos e indígenas desde los años de la guerra de1980, su transformación en la lucha por el acceso a la tierra en la década de 1990, hasta la creación de las regiones especiales llamadas Wangki Wihta Bukawas ubicados en el área núcleo de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Bosawas y compuesta por tres territorios miskitus como son: Miskitu Kipla Sait Tasbaika, Miskitu Indian Tasbaika Kum y Miskitu Lilamni Tasbaika Kum y un territorio Mayangna Sauni Bu, todos conocidos como Gobierno Territorial Indígena (GTI) restituido por el actual gobierno sandinista en el año 2008. En el departamento encontramos una dinámica multicultural poca estudiada por los antropólogos nicaragüenses, particularmente en los municipios de Wiwili y Bocay regiones severamente afectada y devastada por los intensos combates que se desarrollaron en dicho territorio, desde la gesta libertaria de Augusto C. Sandino hasta la guerra de 1980 y durante la posguerra.
Micetismo: Reporte de dos casos fatales y revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Castillo Godoy Norma Dilenia , Durán López César Augusto , Matamoros Zelaya Mireya Mercedes
Published: December 2019

Justificación: El micetismo es la intoxicación producida por la ingestión de setas silvestres, que puede presentarse clínicamente con diferentes síndromes toxicológicos, dependiendo de la especie de hongo involucrada y sus toxinas. Su importancia medicolegal radica en que la ingesta puede ocurrir de manera accidental, homicida o suicida. Objetivo: Revisar aspectos relevantes sobre el micetismo, para el reconocimiento de síndromes toxicológicos asociados a la ingesta de setas. Metodología: Se revisaron diferentes bases de datos utilizando las palabras clave: micetismo, Amanita phalloides, autopsia medicolegal, abordaje diagnóstico. Resultados: A. phalloides, contiene amatoxinas causantes de insuficiencia hepática aguda y las falotoxinas responsables de manifestaciones gastrointestinales 10 horas después de la ingesta, característica del síndrome tóxico faloidiano. Los casos que se describen corresponden a dos femeninas de la misma familia, una mujer adulta 36 años embarazada y su hija de seis años, procedentes de una comunidad rural en la parte central de Honduras, que fallecieron después de la ingestión de setas silvestres y cuyas autopsias se realizaron en la Dirección de Medicina Forense de Tegucigalpa, para establecer la causa de muerte. En la historia médico legal se consignó que los hongos fueron cocinados por la madre y consumidos por ella y su hija. Conclusión: Es recomendable la capacitación continua de los médicos de emergencia en hospitales, para el reconocimiento de síndromes toxicológicos asociados a la ingesta de setas, con el propósito de tratar oportunamente estos pacientes y ofrecerles mejor oportunidad de sobrevivir.