bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and verification of reinforced concrete shell elements
Authors: Craveiro Marina Vendl , Bittencourt Túlio Nogueira , Bella João Carlos Della
Published: April 2021

abstract: Reinforced concrete shell elements are relevant in several civil and industrial structures. It is important to know the methods for designing and verifying such elements. In this context, the present paper aims at describing the iterative three-layer method proposed by Colombo et al. This method is based on the Model Code/1990, and it can be applied in the design of shell elements. An additional method for verifying reinforced concrete shell elements is also proposed and discussed. This one is based on the multilayer method proposed by Kollegger et al. Formulations as well as numerical examples are presented for both methods. The design proposed by Colombo et al. is verified by using the methodology based on the multilayer method. Although both methods lead to the equilibrium between applied and resistance loads using approximately the same amount of reinforcement, especially for small neutral axes in relation to the element thickness, one may conclude that the three-layer design method has limitations due to not considering strain compatibility along the thickness of the element and due to the impossibility to calculate the compression reinforcement. Although the multilayer method overcomes such limitations, it is a verification method, and more studies about its use in the design of reinforced concrete shell elements are necessary.
Reckoning with Racism: A Challenge for Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Brooks Maegan Parker , Gutterman David
Published: April 2021

Drawing upon four recently published books, one booklet, and a dialogue guide, this review aims to deepen understanding of both scholars and practitioners about how to reckon with racism in the midst of overlapping and intersecting crises. The works reviewed here extend calls made within deliberative democracy scholarship and activist practice to disrupt harmful patterns of dialogic engagement. Several of these works also challenge reductionist conceptions of civility that perpetuate systemic inequality, even as they uphold deliberative democracy’s long-held commitment to honor the human dignity of participants across dialogic contexts. By putting the community organizers, activists, clergy, scholars, and professors who author these works in conversation with one another, this review promotes potentially transformative approaches to dialogue and deliberation about racial injustice. In the end, this review urges readers to imagine how these potentially transformative approaches can be adapted to virtual settings given the legacies of physical distancing measures wrought by the global health pandemic.
COVİD-19 ve Rasyonel Antibiyotik Kullanımı
Authors: AKÇAM Füsun Zeynep
Published: April 2021

COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu seyrinde birlikte görülen bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar klinik durumu ağırlaştırmaktadır. Bakteriyel bir enfeksiyon varlığı tespit edildiğinde uygun antibakteriyel ajanlarla tedavi yoluna gidilmelidir. Bakteriyel enfeksiyon varlığı kanıtlanmaya çalışılmalıdır. Gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımından kaçınılmaya çalışılmalıdır. Aksi takdirde tüm dünya için tehdit oluşturucu bir boyuta ulaşan antimikrobiklere karşı direnç gelişiminin artmasına olumsuz katkı sağlamış oluruz.
Cell counting with a haemocytometer (with mouse bone marrow example) v1
Authors: M Ashhurst Thomas , A. Cox Darren , L. Smith Adrian , J. C. King Nicholas
Published: April 2021

Cell counting is a critical step to determine the number of live leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC) and erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) per femur, and is accurately performed using a microscope and haemocytometer. This step allows enables the distribution of a specific number of cells per well in the staining plate. Some researchers prefer to perform an erythrocyte (or red blood cell, RBC) lysis prior to counting, as some researchers are concerned about misidentifying erythrocytes as leukocytes during counting. This RBC lysis removes all erythrocytes prior to counting, resulting in easier counting of leukocytes. However, we have found that differentiating leukocytes from erythrocytes is straight forward at a higher magnification based on size (erythrocytes are smallest), colour (erythrocytes are red in colour), and birefringence (leukocytes exhibit birefringence, erythrocytes do not). Additionally, RBC lysis prior to cell staining will have a small impact on CD115 staining levels (see protocol notes). To circumvent the need for RBC lysis prior to staining, we count the number of leukocytes (and erythrocytes) in the centre square only, at a high magnification. Alternatively, an automated cell counter can be used to speed up counting. However, care must be taken to ensure that any automated cell counter is accurately performing counts, as most automated cell counters are calibrated to human blood cells.
Necrotizing paraproctitis in a 5-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Stepanova Nataliya М. , Rudenko Natalya Y. , Dyukov Andrey A. , Lee Igor B.
Published: April 2021

Authors present a rare clinical case of successful treatment of a 5-year-old child with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency state.

Clinical case. A 5-year-old boy became acutely ill, against the background of diarrhea with hyperthermia. An area of hyperemia, edema, and tissue infiltration appeared in the perianal region. In anamnesis, with frequent respiratory infections and dysfunction of the intestinal tract in the form of diarrhea. He was admitted to the Regional Childrens Hospital on the 10th day of illness from the regional hospital, where antibiotic treatment was started. Upon admission, the condition was serious in the perianal region with an extensive wound necrotic tissues and a plaque of fibrin. To create favorable conditions for wound healing, a preventive sigmostomy operation was performed. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the wound culture. Thus, courses of antibiotics treatment, infusion therapy, and surgical debridement of the perianal wound and its local treatment were performed. Upon immunological status examination, a primary immunodeficiency was revealed, for which drugs with immunoglobulin G were administered. As a result of the treatment, the wound healed by secondary intention, thus, an operation was performed to close the sigmostoma. The child was discharged in satisfactory condition under the supervision of an immunologist and a surgeon.

Discussion. In this case, preventive sigmostomy is justified; however, authors limit themselves to surgical intervention on the perineum in other cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows its pathogenicity in patients with impaired immunity. Therefore, courses of antibiotics, infusion therapy, and immunomodulatory therapy along with surgical treatment, favorable result were achieved.

Conclusion. Children with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency should be hospitalized as early as possible in a specialized hospital.
Osteosarcoma of III metacarpal bone in a 13-year-old girl (case report)
Authors: Savlaev Kazbek F. , Petrichenko Anna V. , Nishonov Dilmurod K. , Ivanova Nadejda M. , Sharoev Timur A.
Published: April 2021

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of bones in children; this tumor accounts for 50 to 80% of all skeletal sarcomas. Less often, osteosarcoma affects flat bones (scapula, ribs, bones of the skull and pelvis), bones of the foot, hand and spine.
Description of the observation. A 13-year-old girl, 8 months before admission to the clinic, began to complain of pain in her right hand, six months later, a swelling appeared in this area. After radiography, which revealed a bone tumor of the III metacarpal bone, a trepanobiopsy with histological examination was performed. Conclusion: subperiosteal telangiectatic osteosarcoma G II. The child was admitted to the oncology department in November 2018. Before the operation, the girl underwent 4 courses of chemotherapy, as a result of which the tumor reduced in size, which made it possible to perform organ-preserving surgical treatment extirpation of the third metacarpal bone affected by the tumor, followed by autoplasty from the wing of the right iliac bone with fixation of the graft Kirschner needles. The postoperative period passed without complications. As a result of the operation, it was not only possible to radically remove the tumor, but also to preserve 3 fingers of the right (working) hand with good functionality. After surgery, the child received 5 courses of polychemotherapy and is currently in remission.
Conclusion. The above observation demonstrates the possibility of performing organ-preserving surgeries using bone autoplasty for rare tumor lesions of the metacarpal bones. This method is more physiological in comparison with the use of allo- or artificial grafts.
Enteric nervous system with chronic mesenteric ischemia: experimental study
Authors: Pimenova Evgeniya S. , Korchagina Natal′ya S. , Korolev Grigoriy A. , Zyuz′ko Dar′ya D. , Saakyan Margarita S. , Morozov Dmitriy A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The pathology of the enteric ganglia can lead to different diseases (Hirschsprungs, neuronal intestinal dysplasia, ganglioneuromatosis, and Chagasse). Causes of acquired dysganglionosis remained unclear. Some authors hypothesized that pathology of the enteral nervous system may be secondary to intestinal ischemia.
Aim. To investigate the intestinal function and histological changes of the colon in rats with chronic ischemia.
Materials and methods. A total of 20 Sprague Dawley rats underwent surgery (ligation of the terminal mesenteric vessels next to the descending colon). The appetite of animals were checked, and stool were collected after the procedure. Reoperation was performed after 7 (n = 1), 9 (n = 2), 12 (n = 2), 14 (n = 1), 21 (n = 1), 42 (n = 1), 53 (n = 1), and 62 (n = 1) days. The diameter of the colon and changes of the serosa were visualized. In the experimental group, two samples biopsy was performed (ischemic and normal colon).
Results. Functional changes were observed in 90% of rats after the ligation of mesenteric vessels (constipation/impact, softening stool/diarrhea, and hemocolitis). Colonic stenosis of the ischemic area in 30% was detected. 70% animals have the intestinal dilatation above the ischemic segment (partial bowel obstruction). Necrosis of the ischemic colon was observed in 20%. Spontaneous fixation of the omentum to the ischemic segment was found in 40% animals. A microscopically inflamed infiltration of the mucosa in the ischemic zone (70%) and in normal colon (50%) was revealed in the ligation group. The number of the enteric ganglia decreased in the ischemic segment.
Conclusion. Functional disorders (colitis and obstruction) and morphological changes (inflammation and ganglion cells pathology) were found in rats with chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Inhalation anesthesia in children in outpatient dentistry: xenon or sevoflurane?
Authors: Lazarev Vladimir V. , Khaliullin Dinar M.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The choice of optimal anesthetic in outpatient dental practice is an important stage in treatment plan preparation for children who need oral sanitation under general anesthesia. Few works were devoted to the comparative characterization of sevoflurane and xenon, especially in conditions of outpatient dental practice.
Aim. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of xenon and sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia at the stage of maintaining anesthesia in outpatient dental practice.
Materials and methods. This is an open, comparative, and randomized study, in parallel groups with random sampling. A total of 103 patients of both sexes aged 212 years were included. Children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (35 children), with sevoflurane anesthesia and group 2 (68 children), with xenon anesthesia. In each and between groups at stages of anesthesia, data from the bispectral (BIS) index, heart rate, blood pressure, lung ventilation, glucose, acid-base status, and ionic composition of venous blood were monitored.
Results. Significant differences between groups were observed in the BIS-index values at the end of anesthesia, indicating a faster awakening of patients under xenon anesthesia. Blood pressure and heart rate indicators in the xenon group at the beginning and end of the study are not statistically significant compared to the sevoflurane group. Remaining indicators did not show significant differences between groups.
Conclusion. The use of sevoflurane and xenon during general anesthesia in outpatient dental practice characterized by the stability of the acid-base state, ion composition, and glucose concentration allows adequate conditions for spontaneous ventilation with pressure support. However, a faster awakening of the patient at the end was observed when using xenon. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the xenon group after the end of anesthesia are close to baseline values.
An alternative method for a reliable estimation of seismicity with an application in Greece and the surrounding area
Authors: Papazachos C.
Published: April 2021

An alternative method is proposed for the robust estimation of a and b values of the Gutenberg-Richter relation. The main hypothesis is that b values depend on material properties and the seismotectonic setting and therefore should vary relatively smoothly in space. As far as the a values are concerned, more sharp variations are allowed because these values determine the seismicity level, once the b value is fixed. The study area is organized into a grid, and the a and b values are simultaneously determined for the whole grid by solving an appropriate linear system. Smooth b variations are imposed by introducing additional linear constraints, similar to the Occam's inversion used in tomography studies. The method is applied to Greece and the surrounding area, which is a high seismicity area. The results are in very good agreement with previous studies and further enhance our knowledge for the study area. Moreover, additional seismicity measures (return periods, probabilities, etc.) are estimated robustly because they depend on the a and b values obtained for this area.
Basin waves on a seafloor recording of the 1990 Upland, California, earthquake: Implications for ground motions from a larger earthquake
Authors: Boore David M.
Published: April 2021

The velocity and displacement time series from a recording on the seafloor at 74 km from the 1990 Upland earthquake (M = 5.6) are dominated by late-arriving waves with periods of 6 to 7 sec. These waves are probably surface waves traveling across the Los Angeles basin. Response spectra for the recording are in agreement with predictions from empirical regression equations and theoretical models for periods less than about 1 sec but are significantly larger than those predictions for longer periods. The longer-period spectral amplitudes are controlled by the late-arriving waves, which are not included in the theoretical models and are underrepresented in the data used in the empirical analyses. When the motions are scaled to larger magnitude, the results are in general agreement with simulations of wave propagation in the Los Angeles basin by Graves (1998).
Diabetic macular edema shows a positive response to Aflibercept after previous unresponsive intravitreal Anti-VEGF and steroid therapy
Authors: Prashanth C N  , Babu M N Anand , Natesh Sribhargava
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept in diabetic macular edema unresponsive to prior intravitreal anti VEGF and steroid therapy.

10 eyes were prospectively investigated. Each eye was treated with intravitreal aflibercept in case of central macular edema unresponsive to prior anti VEGF therapy and intravitreal steroid. Patient were evaluated preoperatively with BCVA, OCT and fundus evaluation and IOP and followed up at 15 days, 6 weeks.

: Mean BCVA at presentation was 0.85 log MAR, and that improved to at 15 days and 45 days of intravitreal aflibercept, 0.65 log MAR and 0.52 log MAR. Mean central macular edema at presentation was 662.5 μm (380-905μm), after 15 days was 403μm (185-705μm) and after 45 days was 261.25μm (120-507 μm).

Intravitreal aflibercept can be an option to treat unresponsive diabetic central macular edema.
To study early and late effect of intravitreal injection Ranibizumab on Cystoid Macular Edema(CME) due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)
Authors: Kumar Anil , Yadav Ram Yash Singh , Kumar Ram , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Rai Chiranjee
Published: April 2021

: To study early and late effect of intravitreal injection Ranibizumab on Cystoid Macular Edema(CME) because of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO).

This Study included 25 Patients (age group≥18 year) with cystoid macular edema because of branch retinal vein occlusion attending to department of ophthalmology Nehru Chikitsalaya, B.R.D. Medical college, Gorakhpur.

An observational study has been concluded in which early and late effect of intravitreal injection Ranibizumab on cystoid macular edema because of branch retinal vein occlusion.

The mean age group being 58.53 year of total 25 patients with 13 male and 12 female patients with no dropout throughout the study. In 1 month of post injecton observation, 10 (40%) patients who presented within 1 month of onset of BRVO showed more gain in visual acuity and more reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) as compare to 15 (60%) patients who presented after 1 month of onset of BRVO.

: Intravitreal Ranibizumab is more effective in patients presented early than late in improving best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) and decreasing CMT.
Leptospira culture and isolation from tertiary care hospital, Surat
Authors: Patel Alpa S , Mulla Summaiya A , Patel Hardik C
Published: April 2021

: In a highly globalized world, where boundaries are continually crossed due to different international activities, tropical diseases including Leptospirosis have emerged as significant causes of severe illness and death in untreated patients.

To optimize the culture isolation of Leptospira by using different culture methods.

: All suspected cases of Leptospirosis regardless of their age/sex were recruited following informed and written consent. Five different blood culture methods have been tried to see better isolation of Leptospira from patient.

: Total 326 patients are evaluated over a period of three years. Five different method of blood culture were followed out of that, whole blood culture technique shows better result compaire to other followed technique.

: The culture methods are gold standard but time consuming. It has an important role in the study of outbreaks. It provides epidemiological data that is helpful in studying pathogenesis of Leptospira.
Clinical, phenotypic and genotypic profile of carbapenem resistant gram negative infections in intensive care units
Authors: Mohammed Mustafeed Uddin , D R Manisha , K Nagamani
Published: April 2021

Carbapenems are currently the only active beta-lactams effective against the ESBL producing pathogens; this has led to an increase in their use not only for documented infections but also for empirical treatment of acquired infections in ICU patients. Thus, there is a selective pressure for carbapenem resistance in intensive care units of tertiary care hospitals. Carbapenem resistant infections are associated with high morbidity & mortality.

1. To screen for carbapenem resistance among gram negative infections in ICU patients by disc diffusion & confirmation by Vitek 2 system; 2:  To detect the carbapenemase production by phenotypic methods; 3: To confirm the presence of resistant gene by PCR; 4: To find out the attributable risk factors from the clinical history of such patients; 5: To follow up & estimate mortality rate in such infections and its statistical correlation

A total of 160 gram negative isolates [E.coli(71), Klebsiella(63), Acinetobacter(10), Pseudomonas(9) and Enterobacter(7)] from patients of various intensive care units were screened by disc diffusion out of which 53(33.12%) were carbapenem resistant. Resistant isolates were further tested by Vitek 2 system for determination of MICs, Modified Hodge test(MHT) and Combined Disc test(CDT) for carbapenemase production and subjected to multiplex PCR for detection of resiatant gene i.e., bla NDM-1, bla VIM, bla IMP and bla KPC. Follow up of all the cases till the end of hospital stay was done and mortality rate was calculated.

Results: 53 isolates(33.12%) were carbapenem resistant, 17 isolates were MHT positive while 39 were CDT positive. 24 isolates [E.coli(12), Klebsiella(7), Acinetobacter(3), Pseudomonas(1) and Enterobacter(1)] showed the presence of NDM-1 gene on PCR. Gentamicin(35%), Amikacin (45%), Tigecycline(88%) & Colistin(100%) were sensitive for carbapenem resistant GNBs. Mortality in carbapenem sensitive infections in ICUs was 21% whereas resistant infections showed 37% (p value <0.05).

Conclusion: 45% of carbapenem resistance is due to presence of NDM-1 gene, E.coli was the commonest isolate. Other mechanisms of resistance such as excessive ESBL production, porin loss may be responsible for resistance in remaining isolates. Effective infection control measures should be taken to prevent the spread of these super bugs in a ICU.
Seroprevalence of dengue in the tribal district of central India
Authors: Gedam Dilip S , Madkey Madhavi Vijaykumar , Meshram Vinay M , Gajbhiye Swati B
Published: April 2021

Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is a major public health threat globally affecting three billion people with approximately 200 million cases of morbidity and 50,000 cases of mortality annually. It is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. It is caused by the dengue virus (DENV, 1–4 serotypes). The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from mild fever to severe hemorrhage, shock, and death. It is critical to make an early and accurate laboratory diagnosis of DENV infection for effective patient management. Dengue is now no more restricted to the urban population, it has become endemic in the rural population as well.

1. To find the seroprevalence of dengue virus infection in the tribal population of Gondia district. 2. To observe the seasonal variation of dengue cases.

This study was conducted under the NVBDC program at the Department of Microbiology, GMC, Gondia which is the sentinel center for Dengue and Chikungunya. The Study was carried out from October 2018 to September 2020. Serum samples of patients with dengue-like clinical illness were subjected to IgM antibody detection by dengue MAC ELISA.

Seroprevalence of dengue in Gondia was found to be 12.37% (48/388). The most common age group affected was 21-30 years (39.59%). Males (54.17%) were affected more than females (45.83%). The peak of dengue cases was observed in September 2019. Less number of cases were reported in the year 2020.

Newer diagnostic techniques, public awareness programs, better education, and proper monitoring of vector control are required to prevent dengue outbreaks.
MRSA colonization in health care professionals with varying degrees of exposure to the hospital environment and its susceptibility to mupirocin in a tertiary care centre
Authors: R Shakthi , D Venkatesha
Published: April 2021

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is one of the major causes of healthcare associated infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Health care workers act as a carrier in spread of MRSA in hospitals. Use of Mupirocin to eradicate the carrier state is the need of the hour.

: This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of MRSA colonization among health care workers with varying degree of exposure to hospital environment and to know the susceptibility of Mupirocin to MRSA.

: Swabs were collected from anterior nares and finger web spaces of 100 health care workers (HCWs). The specimens were processed and colonies of were identified by standard methods. The strains of MRSA were identified by using Cefoxitin (30µg) disk on Muller Hinton agar. The MRSA isolates were then tested for Mupirocin susceptibility.

In the present study, 100 nasal and inter digital spaces swabs yielded 15 and 10 MRSA strains respectively. Among the 100 HCWs screened, the majority of MRSA colonization was seen in HCWs with a history of exposure to hospital environment for around 5-10 years or more. All 30 with 15 MRSA strains isolated was sensitive to both 5µg and 200µg Mupirocin disc by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

The high rate of Nasal MRSA carriage among health care workers is alarming. HCWs with long duration of exposure to hospital environment were more colonized with MRSA. More awareness and training sessions on the importance of MRSA and hand hygiene measures to be implemented to prevent MRSA transmission from HCWs to vulnerable patients. We suggest that MRSA screening should be performed for all HCWs and detection of susceptibility of Mupirocin will result in appropriate use of this antibiotic in decolonization.
Endonyx onychomycosis due to Trichophyton soudanense: Rare case with successful treatment
Authors: Das Anupam , Islahi Sana , Chandra Abhilash , Sen Manodeep , Garg Jaya , Maurya Kirti , Agarwal Jyotsna
Published: April 2021

Dermatophytoses are infections of the skin, hair and nails, caused by dermatophytes, namely spp, Microsporum spp and Epidermophyton floccosum. is an anthropophilic fungus, a frequent cause of tinea capitis in Africa though some imported cases are now been reported from Europe, Brazil, Australia and USA. Untill now, 3 cases of causing tinea capitis, tinea unguium, tinea corporis from North India and 2 cases causing tinea corporis and tinea cruris from south India have been reported, but this is probably the first case report of onychomycosis caused by in India.
Unifesspa está aí: um projeto de extensão universitária
Authors: Kochhann Maria Elizabete Rambo , Carvalho Rivânia da Paixão de Jesus , Lima Valdineia Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho mostra como um projeto de extensão pode contribuir para a interação universidade-escola, de forma a conscientizar os jovens sobre a importância do ensino superior, atraindo potenciais alunos para a universidade pública, gratuita e de qualidade. Por meio do relato de uma ação desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto “UNIFESSPA está aí”, oriundo do campus universitário de Santana do Araguaia da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), apresentamos como se deu o processo de divulgação desta universidade neste município localizado no extremo sul do estado do Pará, e em estados limítrofes, que contribuem para a demografia da região. Dessa forma, descrevemos as ações que foram desenvolvidas em forma de palestras informativas e motivacionais e trouxemos dados que revelaram um ligeiro crescimento de alunos ingressantes, por meio do ENEM/SISU/PSS, no campus universitário de Santana do Araguaia, que oferta o curso de Licenciatura em Matemática e os bacharelados em Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura e Urbanismo, bem como um ligeiro aumento do índice de retenção desses alunos nos respectivos cursos, considerando a comparação entre a quantidade de alunos ativos nos primeiros anos, desde a instalação do campus no município, e o quantitativo em 2019, evidenciando que, aos poucos, a UNIFESSPA vem alcançando o seu objetivo de democratizar a educação pública, gratuita e de qualidade.
Effects of Plant Density and Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Coastal Sandy Land Area in Nghe An Province, Vietnam
Authors: Minh Tran Xuan , Thanh Nguyen Cong , Thin Tran Hau , Tieng Nguyen Thi , Giang Nguyen Thi Huong
Published: April 2021

Background: Understanding the effects of different plant densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of peanut L14 is essential for designing and adjusting management practices to improve yield. Methods: Five planting densities were tested in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in 2019 spring crop on the coastal sandy land area in Dien Chau district, Nghe An, Vietnam. Result: The different density treatments affect the growth, development and yield of the peanut variety L14. With increasing plant density, the number of pod per plant, 100 pods weight, 100 seeds weight decreased, whereas plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production increased. Population yield increased with increasing plant density from the lowest density of 25 plants m-2 (2.78 tons ha-1), reached the highest at 35 plants m-2 (4.53 tons ha-1), then decreasing with increasing plant density. Peanut variety L14 is grown in plant densities and row spacing of 35 plants m-2 (25 cm × 25 cm) and 40 plants m-2 (25 cm × 20 cm) are most appropriate; plants grow, develop better and give a higher yield than other densities under the same conditions.
The Association Between Maternity Waiting Home Use and Maternal–Newborn Knowledge: Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Buser Julie M. , Moyer Cheryl A. , Boyd Carol J , Veliz Philip T , Zulu Davy , Ngoma-Hazemba Alice , Mtenje Jessy Taona , Jones Andrew D. , Lori Jody R.
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

An exploratory latent class analysis (LCA) was performed assessing the association between maternity waiting home (MWH) use and maternal–newborn care knowledge.

Methods

A two-group comparison design using a face-to-face interview (n = 250) was conducted to understand if MWH use was associated with greater maternal knowledge of newborn care.

Results

High levels of maternal knowledge of newborn care were associated with MWH use. Mothers with low levels of knowledge were less likely to use an MWH prior to delivery and more likely to have fewer pregnancies, attend less than four antenatal care (ANC) visits, and receive no education about newborn health problems during ANC.

Conclusions

Nurses need to target younger, primigravida mothers attending fewer ANC visits with educational opportunities while advocating for expansion of health education at MWHs to potentiate long-term benefits for improved maternal–newborn health and delivery outcomes.
Güçlü Direkt Radikal Tümlenmiş Modüllerin İki Yeni Genelleştirmesi
Authors: Sözen Esra
Published: April 2021

Bir A modülünün δ-radikali A nın direkt toplam terimi olacak şekilde bir δ-tümleyene sahipse A ya ⊕-δ-radikal tümlenmiş modül denir. Eğer A nın δ-radikalini içeren her alt modülü A nın direkt toplam terimi olacak şekilde bir δ-tümleyene sahip ise A ya güçlü ⊕-δ-radikal tümlenmiş modül adı verilir. Bu çalışmada tanımlanan bu modüllerin temel özellikleri araştırılmış, halka karakterizasyonları incelenmiştir. Özel olarak R ayrık değerlendirme halkası üzerinde Rad(A)≪A koşulunu gerçekleyen bir A modülünün güçlü-δ-radikal tümlenmiş olması için gerekli ve yeterli koşul P,R nin maximal ideali; K,R nin kesir cismi ve Q=K/R olmak üzere A=R^x⊕K^y 〖⊕Q〗^z⊕B_P (1,2,…n) olacak şekilde x,y,z,n Є N mevcuttur olması ile verilir.
Caractérisation et variabilité des propriétés physiques et structurelles du bois du kevazingo, Guibourtia tessmannii, et de l’okoumé, Aucoumea klaineana, provenant des forêts naturelles du Gabon
Authors: ZUE ONDO Jean Leon , RUELLE Julien , DLOUHA Jana , FOURNIER Meriem
Published: April 2021

La caractérisation et l’analyse de la variabilité des paramètres structuraux et des propriétés physiques du bois ont été réalisées chez le Kevazingo et l’Okoumé, deux espèces gabonaises à fort potentiel économique. En parallèle aux caractéristiques technologiques telles que le retrait ou le point de saturation des fibres, une caractérisation fine de la structure du bois (angle des microfibrilles, angle de fil, microdensité) a été réalisée. Chez les deux espèces les valeurs moyennes observées pour chaque propriété ont été comparées aux valeurs de la littérature. L’analyse de la variabilité des différentes propriétés permet d’identifier la position radiale (effet de la distance à la moelle) comme principale source de variabilité des propriétés du bois chez le Kevazingo, alors que pour l’Okoumé la variabilité des propriétés provient non seulement de la distance à la moelle mais aussi de la variabilité entre les rayons et entre les arbres.
Variabilité des utilisations de Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. suivant les facteurs sociodémographiques au Nord-Bénin
Authors: DAANON Alain , PADONOU Elie Antoine , AKAKPO Bokon Alexis , HOUINATO Marcel
Published: April 2021

Diospyros mespiliformis est une espèce d’arbre très peu étudiée malgré son importance pour les communautés locales au Bénin. Cette étude a évalué la variabilité des usages de l’espèce et de ses organes suivant les facteurs sociodémographiques (la provenance, les catégories socioculturelles, le sexe, l’âge et la profession des utilisateurs). Une enquête auprès de 233 participants a été réalisée dans les communes de Tchaourou, Sinendé et Bembèrèkè. La fréquence de citation, les usages rapportés et l’indice d’importance des organes de l’espèce ont été calculés. Des analyses de la covariance sur les usages totaux rapportés ont été effectuées afin d’évaluer les déterminants des usages de l’espèce. Des analyses en composantes principales ont été effectuées afin de caractériser les usages, suivant les déterminants des usages de l’espèce. Les résultats ont révélé que le sexe, l’âge et la provenance socioculturelle (P < 0,05) ont déterminé les usages dans la zone d’étude. Les hommes adultes ont eu plus d’intérêt pour l’espèce. Les Peuhls de Tchaourou et les Bariba de Sinendé ont utilisé davantage l’espèce comme bois énergie et bois d’œuvre. Les Bariba de Tchaourou, de Sinendé et les Peuhls de Sinendé sont plus intéressés par l’espèce pour des usages alimentaires, le fourrage et la pharmacopée. L’utilisation des organes est déterminée par l’âge et les interactions provenance-profession-âge (P < 0,05). Les racines et les écorces sont les parties les plus appréciées par les adultes et les personnes âgées. Les éleveurs, en général, et les agriculteurs de Tchaourou sont particulièrement intéressés par les racines, les tiges et les noix de l’espèce. Les agriculteurs de Bembèrèkè et les commerçants de Sinendé et de Bembèrèkè sont, quant à eux, plus enclins à l’usage des écorces. Par ailleurs, les usages de l’espèce en tant que bois et fourrage ont affecté négativement (P < 0,000) son usage alimentaire. Ces résultats sont à prendre en compte pour une stratégie de valorisation et de conservation durable de l’espèce.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Ramalho Inês , Leite Helena , Águas Fernanda
Published: April 2021

Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint that motivates female adolescents to seek medical advice. Abnormal uterine bleeding has a significant impact on quality of life, promoting school absenteeism and limitations in social life. Moreover, episodes can vary from mild to life threatening events if not recognized and treated promptly. Healthcare providers should be able to distinguish between a normal and abnormal menstrual pattern, as this may provide early diagnosis of a potential health concern. The PALM-COEIN classification system should be used in the evaluation. Anovulation is the most frequent cause, frequently due to immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. A careful history and physical examination are crucial in the differential diagnosis. Management is based on both the underlying cause and the severity of bleeding. Most patients improve with pharmacological treatment, frequently requiring a multidisciplinary approach. First line treatment consists of hormonal therapy. Surgery is rarely needed. Although the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding is higher in adolescents compared to adults, most recommendations are not specific for this age, which makes the diagnosis and management challenging. The literature reveals lack of standardized care for adolescents and regimens vary widely. Future studies on efficacy and safety of treatments specifically in adolescents are needed.
Estructura y evolución de ingresos tributarios y beneficios fiscales en México. Análisis del periodo 1990-2019 y evaluación de la reforma fiscal de 2014
Authors: López Pérez Sugey J. , Vence Xavier
Published: April 2021

La estructura y la tendencia del sistema fiscal reflejan la orientación del modelo de desarrollo que ha seguido México y determinan su modelo futuro y su capacidad para hacer frente a los retos de la sociedad (desarrollo, equidad, bienestar, sostenibilidad ambiental, etc.). El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la dimensión relativa, la estructura por impuestos y las tendencias de la recaudación tributaria, así como la naturaleza y los objetivos de los incentivos y los beneficios fiscales en vigor en México en los últimos años. Este ejercicio permite evaluar la reforma hacendaria de 2014 con la perspectiva de los seis años transcurridos y formula los retos futuros. Se utilizó un enfoque descriptivo y cualitativo con base en los datos obtenidos del Centro Interamericano de Administraciones Tributarias (CIAT), la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP). Se analizan la estructura de la recaudación tributaria centrada en los principales impuestos federales, así como el volumen y la composición del gasto fiscal, al desglosar los incentivos y los beneficios fiscales existentes sobre cada uno de los impuestos. Los principales resultados indican una evolución pasiva en el poder de recaudo de 12.5% del producto interno bruto (PIB) en 1990 a 15.6% en 2019, apoyado principalmente en los impuestos al consumo, el impuesto sobre la renta salarial y una fuerte dependencia del sector de hidrocarburos. Se muestra que algunos de los objetivos declarados de la reforma —aumentar de forma significativa la capacidad recaudatoria y reducir la multitud de incentivos y beneficios fiscales— apenas se han cumplido. Para concluir, se formulan algunos retos que debería afrontar una reforma fiscal para la inclusión, la equidad y la sostenibilidad.
The Effect of Plastic Waste Attachment on Branching Coral to Zooxanthellae Abundance in the Kelapa Dua Island Waters, Seribu Islands
Authors: Muhammad Fadel , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Ismet Meutia Samira , Ramadhan Muhammad Irlan Assidiq Kusuma
Published: April 2021

HighlightLight intensity from plastic waste was positively correlated with the abundance of zooxanthellae in corals.The abundance of zooxanthellae between sack plastic and clear plastic treatment tended to be the same.The treatment of packaging plastic was treated with the lowest light intensity.The treatment of black plastic was the treatment that produced the lowest abundance of zooxanthellae. AbstractCoral growth in Indonesia was being disrupted due to the continued threat of environmental change, such as littering to the beach. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the attachment of different colored plastic waste to the rate of zooxanthellae abundance on branching corals in Kelapa Dua Island waters. Branching coral colony samples consisted of the genus Acropora and Porites with a total of 15 fragments of coral colonies at the depth of 80-90 cm were tested with a treatment of the attachment plastic wastes (control, clear plastic, plastic sack, plastic packaging, and black plastic) for four days. The zooxanthellae abundance was calculated using the APHA (American Public Health Association) formula. The results of zooxanthellae abundance on the closure treatment of branching coral samples with black plastic and control had the lowest and highest values by 4.25 x 105 cells/cm2 and 1.38 x 106 cells/cm2. The results of the linear regression test showed that there was a significant relationship between plastic waste with low light intensity and a decrease of zooxanthellae abundance in coral colonies with the equation Y of 972.78x + 653402, determination index (R2) of 0.68, and correlation index (r) of 0.83. These results indicated that the attachment of plastic waste to branching coral colonies could be a stressor on coral animals in reducing light intensity, which caused a reduction of zooxanthellae abundance as coral endosymbiont.
Correlation of Nitrite and Ammonia with Prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Several Super-Intensive Ponds in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nkuba Anord Charles , Mahasri Gunanti , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Mwendolwa Adamu Ayubu
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidia parasite known to hinder shrimp growth by infecting its hepatopancreas, is recently an emerging infection for Litopenaeus vannamei farms in Indonesia. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nitrite and ammonia concentration with EHP infection in the super-intensive ponds. Shrimps and water samples were collected from six ponds in aquaculture super-intensive ponds with a stocking density of 5,000 shrimps in each pond which is located in Pasuruan, Lamongan, and Tuban Regency, Indonesia. The water sample was taken to the laboratory for the measurement of ammonia and nitrite. The samples of ammonia and nitrite were detected by spectrophotometer, and the PCR was used to detect 18S rRNA of EHP. The PCR analysis that showed two positive samples of L. vannamei, from the ponds with a high concentration of ammonia and nitrite, were infected by EHP. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between ammonia and nitrite with the prevalence of EHP infections, where the Pearson correlation (r) was 0.980 and 0.943, respectively. There was a high prevalence of EHP infection with the increase in nitrite concentration and ammonia in pond four and pond six. The concentration of over 1mg/l of ammonia and nitrite could influence EHP infection prevalence in the shrimp farms. Highlight ResearchAmmonia and nitrite concentration influence the prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Super intensive ponds.The estimated prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei was 16.7%.PCR amplification analysis was used to detect the 18S ss-rRNA of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and 510-bp was obtained.
Morphological Identification of Bolbosoma turbinella (Acanthocephala) in Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) from Straits of Malacca, Malaysia
Authors: Zakariah Mohd Ihwan , Ahmad Mohd Tamimi Ali , Razak Mohd Shafiq , Husin Norainy Mohd , Wahab Wahidah , Abdullah Rabi-Atun Adawiah , Yusoff Nor Asma Husna , Agos Surzanne , Hassan Marina
Published: April 2021

HighlightIdentification of Morphological characteristic of the Bolbosoma sp.Genetic confirmation of the specific species of Bolbosoma turbinella.The first report in Straits of Malacca.Health status of Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis).AbstractThe study of ectoparasite and endoparasites of marine mammals are not habitually done because some species are endangered and protected by law. A stranded Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis (Anderson, 1878) from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia was examined for endoparasites. The objective of this study is to identify the species of acanthocephalan in the intestine of the Sei Whale found in the straits of Malacca. A total of ten parasite specimens were collected from the fresh intestine, and were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for further histological procedures. The morphological features of this parasite viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) are referred to as the proboscis armature and variations in the spination of the area between the anterior and posterior cephalic bulb. Genomic DNA extracted by using QIAGEN DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit DNA and sequenced with First Base Sequencer showed that this species belonged to Bolbosoma turbinella. This was the first record of a sei whale carrying the endoparasites Bolbosoma turbinella, in Malaysian waters.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Creep Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Cu-Ni Alloy
Authors: Kasum Kasum , Mulyana Fajar , Zaenudin Mohamad , Gamayel Adhes , Mohammed M. N.
Published: April 2021

Creep mechanism is an essential mechanism for material when subjected to a high temperature and high pressure. It shows material ability during an extreme application to maintain its structure and properties, especially high pressure and temperature. This test is already done experimentally in many materials such as metallic alloys, various stainless steel, and composites. However, understanding the creep mechanism at the atomic level is challenging due to the instruments  limitation. Still, the improvement of mechanical properties is expected can be done in such a group. In this work, the creep mechanism of the nanocrystalline Cu-Ni alloy is demonstrated in terms of molecular dynamics simulation. The result shows a significant impact on both temperature and pressure. The deformation supports the mechanisms as a result of the grain boundary diffusion. Quantitative analysis shows a more substantial difference in creep-rate at a higher temperature and pressure parameters. This study has successfully demonstrated the mechanism of creep at the atomic scale and may be used for improving the mechanical properties of the material.
A Scientometric Approach to Review the Role of the Medial Preoptic Area (MPOA) in Parental Behavior
Authors: Carollo Alessandro , Balagtas Jan Paolo Macapinlac , Neoh Michelle Jin-Yee , Esposito Gianluca
Published: April 2021

Research investigating the neural substrates underpinning parental behaviour has recently gained momentum. Particularly, the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPOA) has been identified as a crucial region for parenting. The current study conducted a scientometric analysis of publications from 01 January 1972 to 19 January 2021 using CiteSpace software to determine trends in the scientific literature exploring the relationship between MPOA and parental behaviour. In total, 677 scientific papers were analysed, producing a network of 1509 nodes and 5498 links. Four major clusters were identified: "C-Fos Expression'', "Lactating Rat'', "Medial Preoptic Area Interaction'' and "Parental Behavior''. Their content suggests an initial trend in which the properties of the MPOA in response to parental behavior were studied, followed by a growing attention towards the presence of a brain network, including the reward circuits, regulating such behavior. Furthermore, while attention was initially directed uniquely to maternal behavior, it has recently been extended to the understanding of paternal behaviors as well. Finally, although the majority of the studies were conducted on rodents, recent publications broaden the implications of previous documents to human parental behavior, giving insight into the mechanisms underlying postpartum depression. Potential directions in future works were also discussed.
Technology Acceptance Model in Evaluation of Telematics Technologies Utilization in Road Transportation
Authors: Zalewski Wojciech , Osińska Magdalena , Żurek Mirosława
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the acceptance and the utilization of GPS/GPRS-based telematics technology in road transport companies registered in Poland. Telematics technologies are essential for management of energy saving and emissions reduction in road transport. It is in line with the European Union policy of sustainable transportation. The evaluation is based on a survey designed and carried out in 2020. The issues concerning the scope of telematics systems utilization as well as the internal and external factors affecting their use are analysed. The methodology is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results are checked for robustness. Based on the results, it can be reasoned that as a result of the COVID19 pandemic, the companies started to use telematics systems more widely than they did before. Furthermore, the companies employing more people recognize the higher usefulness of telematics systems and are motivated to have the systems more than smaller enterprises; however, TAMs estimated separately for small and medium-sized enterprises did not reveal any significant differences in the parameter estimates.