bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotary-wing drone-induced flow – comparison of simulations with lidar measurements
Authors: Jin Liqin , Ghirardelli Mauro , Mann Jakob , Sjöholm Mikael , Kral Stephan Thomas , Reuder Joachim
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ultrasonic anemometers mounted on rotary-wing drones have the potential to provide a cost-efficient alternative to the classical meteorological mast-mounted counterpart for atmospheric boundary layer research. However, the propeller-induced flow may degrade the accuracy of free-stream wind velocity measurements by wind sensors mounted on drones – a fact that needs to be investigated for optimal sensor placement. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are an alternative to experiments for studying characteristics of the propeller-induced flow but require validation. Therefore, we performed an experiment using three short-range continuous-wave Doppler lidars (light detection and ranging; DTU WindScanners) to measure the complex and turbulent three-dimensional wind field around a hovering drone at low ambient wind speeds. Good agreement is found between experimental results and those obtained using CFD simulations under similar conditions. Both methods conclude that the disturbance zone (defined as a relative deviation from the mean free-stream velocity by more than 1 %) on a horizontal plane located at 1 D (rotor diameter D of 0.71 m) below the drone extends about 2.8 D upstream from the drone center for the horizontal wind velocity and more than 7 D for the vertical wind velocity. By comparing wind velocities along horizontal lines in the upstream direction, we find that the velocity difference between the two methods is ≤ 0.1 m s−1 (less than a 4 % difference relative to the free-stream velocity) in most cases. Both the plane and line scan results validate the reliability of the simulations. Furthermore, simulations of flow patterns in a vertical plane at the ambient speed of 1.3 m s−1 indicate that it is difficult to accurately measure the vertical wind component with less than a 1 % distortion using drone-mounted sonic anemometers.
The Pyrenean Platform for Observation of the Atmosphere: Site, long-term dataset and science
Authors: Lothon Marie , Gheusi François , Lohou Fabienne , Pont Véronique , Soula Serge , Derrien Solène , Bezombes Yannick , Leclerc Emmanuel , Athier Gilles , Vial Antoine , Philibert Alban , Campistron Bernard , Saïd Frédérique , Jambert Corinne , Sonke Jeroen , Amestoy Julien , Bargain Erwan , Bosser Pierre , Boulanger Damien , Bret Guillaume , Bodichon Renaud , Cabanas Laurent , Canut Guylaine , Estrampes Jean-Bernard , Gardrat Eric , Gomez Kuri Zaida , Gueffier Jérémy , Guesdon Fabienne , Lopez Morgan , Masson Olivier , Meslin Pierre-Yves , Meyerfeld Yves , Pascal Nicolas , Pique Eric , Ramonet Michel , Starck Felix , Vidal Romain
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Pyrenean Platform for Observation of the Atmosphere (P2OA) is a coupled plain-mountain instrumented platform in southwest France. It is composed of two physical sites: The "Pic du Midi" mountain top observatory (2877 m a.s.l.) and the "Centre de Recherches Atmosphériques" (600 m a.s.l). Both sites are complementarily instrumented for the monitoring of climate variables and the study of meteorological processes in a mountainous region. The scientific topics covered by the P2OA include surface-atmosphere interactions in heterogeneous landscape and complex terrain, physics and chemistry of atmospheric trace species at large scale, influence of local and regional-scale emissions and transport on the atmospheric composition, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms. With a large number of instruments and a high hosting capacity, the P2OA contributes to atmospheric sciences in (i) building long-term series of atmospheric observations, (ii) hosting experimental field campaigns and instrumental tests, (iii) educational training in atmospheric observation techniques. Here we present the complete instrumentation of the P2OA and the associated datasets, give a meteorological characterization of the platform, and illustrate the potential of the P2OA and its dataset with past or ongoing studies and projects.
Origin of the Bohai Sea, North China Craton and implication for bi-directional back-arc extension in East Asia continental margin
Authors: Chen Alan , Chen Xuanhua
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Bohai Sea in eastern China is located in the back-arc extensional regime due to westward subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate. It is one of the regions with frequent earthquakes. Previous recognition of the origin of the Bohai Sea was limited by the understanding of back-arc extensional mode perpendicular to the subduction zone in eastern Asian continental margin. In this paper, a new model for the genesis of the Bohai Sea is proposed, based on the construction of major fault system and investigation of several main boundaries enclosing the Bohai Sea. Through field investigation and analyses of tectonic landforms and boundary faults on the northwest coast of the Bohai Sea and eastern and western margins of the Liaodong Peninsula, and geological correlation of the Liaodong and Jiaodong Peninsulas and surrounding areas, we revealed a left-lateral strike-slip fault between the northwest coast of the Liaodong Bay and western margin of the Liaodong Peninsula, and proposed a right-lateral strike-slip fault between the eastern margin of the Liaodong Peninsula and northwestern margin of the Jiaodong Peninsula. This mode of movement may have been resulted from the NE stretching which is parallel to the subduction zone in northwestern Pacific margin. Therefore, we suggest that the formation of the Bohai Sea is resulted from the superimposition of the NE extension parallel to the subduction zone on the NW extension perpendicular to the subduction zone. We speculate that the two-direction extension perpendicular and parallel to the subduction zone should be the basic pattern of the back-arc extension with spherical-geometric effect.
Spectral characteristics of seismic ambient vibrations reveal subglacial hydraulic changes beneath Glacier de la Plaine Morte, Switzerland
Authors: van Ginkel Janneke , Walter Fabian , Lindner Fabian , Hallo Miroslav , Huss Matthias , Fäh Donat
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Glaciers have a complex hydraulic and dynamic behavior that needs to be investigated to improve our understanding of changes in the cryosphere. To tackle this issue, we employ various passive seismic analysis methods on continuous measurements from a temporary seismic array deployed on Glacier de la Plaine Morte in Switzerland. First, we asses the reliability of ambient noise Horizontal-to-Vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) measurements to the glacier's dynamic environment. The spatiotemporal variations in HVSR curves are predominantly attributed to changing nearby noise conditions influenced by hydraulic, drainage-related tremors, moulin resonances and anthropogenic sources. A careful analysis of the local noise source variations related to glacier dynamic behaviour in order to distinguish between source and medium changes reflected in the HVSR measurements. Only a few hours of HVSR measurements may lead to biases in the interpretation of the HVSR curve. Despite the influence of these external factors, with long time series of the HVSR measurements, we successfully detect a spatiotemporal trend in HVSR curves. Notably, an HVSR trough emerges following the drainage of Lac des Faverges, an ice-marginal lake that rapidly drains, causing water to flow through a channelized system beneath the glacier. This HVSR trough is indicative of a low-seismic velocity layer at the ice-bed interface. Seismic velocity changes derived by interferometry support the presence of a low-velocity layer at the ice-bedrock interface. Inversion and forward modelling reveal a probable thickness of this low-velocity layer of 10–30 m and a change in S-wave velocity up to 40 %. This layer has a local extend covering an estimated 4.5 to 27 % of the glacier, as indicated by the spatial variations in HVSR trough throughout the array and an independent water volume estimate. The changing seismic velocities are thus a manifestation of temporal water storage at the glacier bed in response to sudden injection of lake water. Our results highlight the value of long time series of HVSR measurements which show variations in the peak/trough structure that reflect hydraulic changes beneath the ice surface.
Systematic underestimation of type-specific ecosystem process variability in the Community Land Model v5 over Europe
Authors: Poppe Terán Christian , Naz Bibi S. , Vereecken Harry , Baatz Roland , Fisher Rosie , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) are critical fluxes contributing to the energy, water, and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the land surface. Land surface models such as the Community Land Model v5 (CLM5) quantify these fluxes, contribute to a better understanding of climate change's impact on ecosystems, and estimate the state of carbon budgets and water resources. Past studies have shown the ability of CLM5 to model ET and GPP magnitudes well but emphasized systematic underestimations and lower variability than in the observations. Here, we evaluate the simulated ET and GPP from CLM5 at the grid scale (CLM5grid) and the plant functional type (PFT) scale (CLM5PFT) with observations from eddy covariance stations from the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) over Europe. For most PFTs, CLM5grid and CLM5PFT compared better to ICOS than publicly available reanalysis data and estimates obtained from remote sensing. CLM5PFT exhibited a low systematic error in simulating the ET of the ICOS measurements (average bias of -5.05 %), implying that the PFT-specific ET matches the magnitude of the observations closely. However, CLM5PFT severely underestimates GPP, especially in deciduous forests (bias of -43.76 %). Furthermore, the simulated ET and GPP distribution moments across PFTs in CLM5grid and CLM5PFT, reanalyses, and remote sensing data indicate an underestimated spatiotemporal variability compared to the observations across Europe. These results are essential insights for further evaluations in CLM5 by pointing to the limitations of CLM5 in simulating the spatiotemporal variability of ET and GPP across PFTs.
Reanalysis of multi-year high-resolution X-band weather radar observations in Hamburg
Authors: Burgemeister Finn , Clemens Marco , Ament Felix
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper presents an open-access data set of reanalysed radar reflectivities and rainfall rates at sub-kilometre spatial and minute temporal scales. Variability at these scales is a blind spot for both operational rain gauge networks and operational radar networks. In the urban area of Hamburg, precipitation measurements of a single-polarized X-band weather radar operating at high temporal (30 s), range (60 m), and azimuthal sampling (1°) resolutions are made available for a period of more than 8 years. We describe in detail the reanalysis of the raw radar data, outline the radar performance for the years 2013 to 2021, and discuss open issues and limitations of the data set. Several sources of radar-based errors were adjusted gradually, affecting the radar reflectivity and rainfall measurements, e.g. noise, alignment, non-meteorological echoes, radar calibration, and attenuation. The deployment of additional vertically pointing micro rain radars yields drop size distributions at the radar beam height, which effectively reduces errors concerning the radar calibration and attenuation correction and monitors the radar data quality. A statistical evaluation revealed that X-band radar reflectivities and rainfall rates are in very good agreement with the micro rain radar measurements. Moreover, the analyses of rainfall patterns shown for an event and accumulated rainfall of several months prove the quality of the data set. The provided radar reflectivities facilitate studies on attenuation correction and the derivation of further weather radar products, like an improved rainfall rate. The rainfall rates themselves can be used for studies on the spatial and temporal scales of precipitation and hydrological research, e.g. input data for high-resolution modelling, in an urban area. The radar reflectivities and rainfall rates are available at https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/LAWR_UHH_HHG_v2 (Burgemeister et al., 2024).
Coral Skeletal Proxy Records Database for the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Arzey Ariella Kathleen , McGregor Helen V. , Clark Tara R. , Webster Jody M. , Lewis Stephen E. , Mallela Jennie , McKay Nicholas P. , Fahey Hugo W. , Chakraborty Supriyo , Razak Tries B. , Fischer Matt J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia has a long history of palaeoenvironmental coral research. However, it can be logistically difficult to find the relevant research and records, which are often unpublished or exist as ‘grey literature’. This hinders researchers’ ability to efficiently assess the current state of coral core studies on the GBR and thus identify any key knowledge gaps. This study presents the Great Barrier Reef Coral Skeletal Records Database (GBRCD), which compiles 208 records from coral skeletal research conducted since the early 1990s. The database includes records from the Holocene, from ~8,000 years ago, to the present day; from the northern, central, and southern GBR from inshore and offshore locations. Massive Porites spp. coral records comprise the majority (92.5 %) of the database, and the remaining records are from Acropora, Isopora or Cyphastrea spp. The database includes 78 variables, with Sr/Ca, U/Ca and Ba/Ca the most frequently measured. Most records measure data over 10 or more years and are at monthly or lower resolution. The GBRCD is machine readable and easily searchable so users can find records relevant to their research, for example, by filtering for site names, time period, or coral type. It is publicly available as comma-separated values (CSV) data and metadata files with entries linked by the unique record ID and as Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) files. The GBRCD is publicly available from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information’s Paleoclimate Data Archive at https://doi.org/10.25921/hqxk-8h74 (Arzey et al. 2024). The collection and curation of existing GBR coral research provides researchers with the ability to analyse common proxies such as Sr/Ca across multiple locations and/or examine regional to reef scale trends. The database is also suitable for multi-proxy comparisons and combination or composite analyses to determine overarching changes recorded by the proxies. This database represents the first comprehensive compilation of coral records from the GBR. It enables the investigation of multiple environmental factors via various proxy systems for the GBR, northeastern Australia and potentially the broader Indo-Pacific.
Multi-year high time resolution measurements of fine PM at 13 sites of the French Operational Network (CARA program): Data processing and chemical composition
Authors: Chebaicheb Hasna , de Brito Joel F. , Amodeo Tanguy , Couvidat Florian , Petit Jean-Eudes , Tison Emmanuel , Abbou Gregory , Baudic Alexia , Chatain Mélodie , Chazeau Benjamin , Marchand Nicolas , Falhun Raphaele , Francony Florie , Ratier Cyril , Grenier Didier , Vidaud Romain , Zhang Shouwen , Gille Gregory , Meunier Laurent , Marchand Caroline , Riffault Véronique , Favez Olivier
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper presents a first comprehensive analysis of long-term measurements of atmospheric aerosol components from Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and multi-wavelength Aethalometer (AE33) instruments collected between 2015 and 2021 at 13 (sub)urban sites as part of the French CARA program. The datasets contain the mass concentrations of major chemical species within PM1, namely organic aerosols (OA), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), sulfate (SO42-), non-sea-salt chloride (Cl-), and equivalent black carbon (eBC). Rigorous quality control, technical validation, and environmental evaluation processes were applied, adhering to both the guidance from the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring and the Aerosol, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) standard operating procedures. Key findings include geographical differences in aerosol chemical composition, seasonal variations, and diel patterns, which are influenced by meteorological conditions, anthropogenic activities, and proximity to emission sources. Overall, OA dominates PM1 at each site (43–60 %), showing distinct seasonality with higher concentrations (i) in winter, due to enhanced residential heating emissions, and (ii) in summer, due to increased photochemistry favoring secondary aerosol formation. NO3 is the second most important contributor to PM1 (15–30 %), peaking in late winter and early spring, especially in northern France, and playing a significant role during pollution episodes. SO4 (8–14 %) and eBC (5–11 %) complement the major fine aerosol species, with their relative contributions strongly influenced by the origin of air masses and the stability of meteorological conditions, respectively. Such chemically-speciated multi-year datasets have significant value for the scientific community, offering opportunities for future research, including source apportionment studies, trend analyses, and epidemiological investigations. They are also vital for evaluating and validating regional air quality models. In this regard, a comparison with the CHIMERE Chemical Transport Model shows high correlations between simulations and measurements, albeit underestimating OA concentrations by 46–76 %. Regional discrepancies in NO3 concentration levels emphasize the importance of these datasets in validating air quality models and tailoring air pollution mitigation strategies.
What is the relative impact of nudging and online coupling on meteorological variables, pollutant concentrations and aerosol optical properties?
Authors: Menut Laurent , Bessagnet Bertrand , Cholakian Arineh , Siour Guillaume , Mailler Sylvain , Pennel Romain
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Meteorological and chemical modelling at the regional scale often involve the nudging of the modelled meteorology towards reanalysis fields and meteo-chemical coupling to properly consider the interactions between aerosols, clouds and radiation. Both types of processes can change the meteorology, but not for the same reasons and not necessarily in the same way. To assess the possible interactions between nudging and online coupling, several simulations are carried out with the WRF–CHIMERE (Weather Research and Forecasting) model in its offline and online configurations. Through comparison with measurements, we show that the use of nudging significantly improves the model performances. We also show that coupling changes the results much less than nudging. Finally, we show that when nudging is used, it limits the variability in the results due to coupling.
Machine learning parameterization of the multi-scale Kain–Fritsch (MSKF) convection scheme and stable simulation coupled in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using WRF–ML v1.0
Authors: Zhong Xiaohui , Yu Xing , Li Hao
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Warm-sector heavy rainfall along the south China coast poses significant forecasting challenges due to its localized nature and prolonged duration. To improve the prediction of such high-impact weather events, high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are increasingly used to more accurately represent topographic effects. However, as these models' grid spacing approaches the scale of convective processes, they enter a “gray zone”, where the models struggle to fully resolve the turbulent eddies within the atmospheric boundary layer, necessitating partial parameterization. The appropriateness of applying convection parameterization (CP) schemes within this gray zone remains controversial. To address this, scale-aware CP schemes have been developed to improve the representation of convective transport. Among these, the multi-scale Kain–Fritsch (MSKF) scheme enhances the traditional Kain–Fritsch (KF) scheme, incorporating modifications that facilitate its effective application at spatial resolutions as high as 2 km. In recent years, there has been an increase in the application of machine learning (ML) models across various domains of atmospheric sciences, including efforts to replace conventional physical parameterizations with ML models. This work introduces a multi-output bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model intended to replace the scale-aware MSKF CP scheme. This multi-output Bi-LSTM model is capable of simultaneously predicting the convection trigger while also modeling the associated convective tendencies and precipitation rates with a high performance. Data for training and testing the model are generated using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model over south China at a horizontal resolution of 5 km. Furthermore, this work evaluates the performance of the WRF model coupled with the ML-based CP scheme against simulations with the traditional MSKF scheme. The results demonstrate that the Bi-LSTM model can achieve high accuracy, indicating the promising potential of ML models to substitute the MSKF scheme in the gray zone.
Evaluation of reanalysis soil moisture products using cosmic ray neutron sensor observations across the globe
Authors: Zheng Yanchen , Coxon Gemma , Woods Ross , Power Daniel , Rico-Ramirez Miguel Angel , McJannet David , Rosolem Rafael , Li Jianzhu , Feng Ping
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Reanalysis soil moisture products are valuable for diverse applications, but their quality assessment is limited due to scale discrepancies when compared to traditional in situ point-scale measurements. The emergence of cosmic ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) with field-scale soil moisture estimates (∼ 250 m radius, up to 0.7 m deep) is more suitable for the product evaluation owing to their larger footprint. In this study, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of eight widely used reanalysis soil moisture products (ERA5-Land, CFSv2, MERRA2, JRA55, GLDAS-Noah, CRA40, GLEAM and SMAP L4 datasets) against 135 CRNS sites from the COSMOS-UK, COSMOS-Europe, COSMOS USA and CosmOz Australia networks. We evaluate the products using six metrics capturing different aspects of soil moisture dynamics. Results show that all reanalysis products generally exhibit good temporal correlation with the measurements, with the median temporal correlation coefficient (R) values spanning 0.69 to 0.79, though large deviations are found at sites with seasonally varying vegetation cover. Poor performance is observed across products for soil moisture anomalies time series, with R values varying from 0.46 to 0.66. The performance of reanalysis products differs greatly across regions, climate, land covers and topographic conditions. In general, all products tend to overestimate data in arid climates and underestimate data in humid regions as well as grassland. Most reanalysis products perform poorly in steep terrain. Relatively low temporal correlation and high bias are detected in some sites from the west of the UK, which might be associated with relatively low bulk density and high soil organic carbon. Overall, ERA5-Land, CRA40, CFSv2, SMAP L4 and GLEAM exhibit superior performance compared to MERRA2, GLDAS-Noah and JRA55. We recommend that ERA5-Land and CFSv2 could be used in humid climates, whereas SMAP L4 and CRA40 perform better in arid regions. SMAP L4 has good performance for cropland, while GLEAM is more effective in shrubland regions. Our findings also provide insights into directions for improvement of soil moisture products for product developers.
Historical evolution of the geomagnetic declination at the Royal Observatory of Madrid
Authors: Tordesillas Jose Manuel , Pavón-Carrasco F. Javier , Nuñez Alberto , Anquela Ana Belén
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The agonic line, representing geomagnetic declinations of 0°, recently crossed the Royal Observatory of Madrid (ROM) in December 2021, causing a shift in declination values from west to east. This event constitutes a notable milestone for this significant place, where the first geomagnetic observation series in Spain commenced around 1855. Consequently, a thorough investigation into the historical evolution of the declination has been undertaken to decipher prior occurrences of the agonic line crossing at the ROM. Despite the ROM hosted the first series of geomagnetic measurements in Spain, the present lack of geomagnetic measurements in this observatory makes necessary to extend the declination measurements to other observatories distributed throughout the Iberian Peninsula to better define the passage of the agonic line since 1855 up to the present. For periods prior to 1855, a bibliographic search for declination measurements conducted in the Iberian Peninsula has been carried out, complemented by historical data from the HISTMAG database. As a result, a time-continuous curve of geomagnetic declination is generated from 1590 to 2021 at the ROM coordinates. The declination curve reveals that the agonic line also crossed the ROM 400 years ago (around 1600) passing from west to east declination values.
Design and performance of an oversized-sample 35 GHz EPR resonator with an elevated Q value
Authors: Fischer Jörg Wolfram Anselm , Stropp Julian , Tschaggelar René , Oberhänsli Oliver , Alaniva Nicholas , Inoue Mariko , Mashima Kazushi , Barnes Alexander Benjamin , Jeschke Gunnar , Klose Daniel
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Continuous wave EPR spectroscopy at 35 GHz is an essential cornerstone in multi-frequency EPR studies and crucial for differentiating multiple species in complex systems due to the improved g tensor resolution compared to lower microwave frequencies. Especially for unstable and highly sensitive paramagnetic centers the reliability of the measurements can be improved by the use of a single sample for EPR experiments at all frequencies. Besides the advantages, the lack of common availability of oversized-sample resonators at 35 GHz often limits scientists to lower frequencies or smaller sample geometries, the latter may be non-trivial for sensitive materials. In this work, we present the design and performance of an oversized-sample 35 GHz EPR resonator with a high loaded Q value up to 3300 well suited for continuous wave EPR and single microwave frequency experiments with low excitation power. The design is driven by electromagnetic field simulations and the microwave characteristics of manufactured prototypes were found in agreement with the predictions. The resonator is based on a cylindrical cavity with a TE011 mode allowing for 3 mm sample access. Design targets met comprise high sensitivity, robustness, ease of manufacturing and maintenance. The resonator is compatible with commercial EPR spectrometers and cryostats, allowing for measurements at temperatures down to at least 4 K. To highlight the general applicability, the resonator was tested on metal centers as well as on organic radicals featuring extremely narrow lines.
Sea ice transport and replenishment across and within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 2016–2022
Authors: Howell Stephen E. L. , Babb David G. , Landy Jack C. , Glissenaar Isolde A. , McNeil Kaitlin , Montpetit Benoit , Brady Mike
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) serves as both a source and a sink for sea ice from the Arctic Ocean, while also exporting sea ice into Baffin Bay. We use observations from Sentinel-1, RADARSAT-2, the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), and CryoSat-2, together with the Canadian Ice Service ice charts, to quantify sea ice transport and replenishment across and within the CAA from 2016 to 2022. We also provide the first estimates of the ice area and volume flux within the CAA from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to Parry Channel, which spans the central region of the Northwest Passage shipping route. Results indicate that the CAA primarily exports ice to the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay, with an average annual (October to September) ice area flux of 137 ± 72 × 103 km2 and a volume flux of 58 ± 68 km3. The CAA contributes a larger area but smaller volume of ice downstream to the North Atlantic than what is delivered via Nares Strait. The average annual ice area flux from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to Parry Channel was 27 ± 10 × 103 km2 and the volume flux was 34 ± 12 km3, with a majority occurring through Byam Martin Channel, which is directly above the central region of Northwest Passage. Over our study period, annual multi-year ice (MYI) replenishment within the CAA was resilient, with an average of 14 ± 38 × 103 km2 imported from the Arctic Ocean and an average of 56 ± 36 × 103 km2 of first-year ice (FYI) retained following the melt season. The considerable ice flux to Parry Channel, together with sustained MYI replenishment, emphasizes the continued risk that sea ice poses to practical utilization of key shipping routes in the CAA, including the Northwest Passage.
Meteorological Impacts of Offshore Wind Turbines as Simulated in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Quint Daphne , Lundquist Julie K. , Bodini Nicola , Rosencrans David
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Offshore wind energy projects are currently in development off the east coast of the United States and will likely influence the local meteorology of the region. Wind power production and other commercial uses in this area are related to atmospheric conditions, and so it is important to understand how future wind plants will change the local meteorology. We compared one year of simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting model with and without wind farms incorporated, focusing on the lease area south of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. We assessed changes in wind speeds, 2 m temperature, surface heat flux, turbulent kinetic energy, and boundary layer height during different stability classifications and ambient wind speeds over the entire year. Because the wake behavior may be a function of boundary-layer stability, in this paper, we also present a machine learning algorithm to quantify the area and distance of the wake generated by the wind plant. This analysis enables us to identify the relationship between wake extent and boundary-layer height. Hub-height wind speed is reduced within and downwind of the wind plant, with the strongest impacts occurring during stable conditions and faster wind speeds. Wind speeds at 10 m increase within the wind plant area during stable conditions. Differences in 2 m temperatures and surface heat fluxes are small, but are largest during stable conditions and strong wind speeds. Turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) increases within the lease area with increasing wind speeds at both the surface and at hub height. At hub height, TKE increases do not depend on stability, but at the surface, TKE increases most during unstable conditions as the turbulence injected at hub height is mixed down to the surface. Boundary-layer heights increase within the wind plant, and decrease slightly downwind during stable conditions. Deeper boundary-layer heights, exceeding 100 m, tend to correlate with smaller wake areas and distances, though other factors likely also play a role in determining the extent of the wind farm wake.
Oversharing the super safe stuff: “Privacy-washing” in Apple iPhone and Google Pixel commercials
Authors: Cirucci Angela M.
Published: May 2024

Inspired by the ever-evolving concerns surrounding data privacy, this study analyzes Apple’s and Google’s ads for their iPhone and Android devices, respectively, as well as each company’s privacy policies. Findings via critical discourse analysis reveal that the ads conflate privacy with security, relying on powerful imageries that depict the phones as safes from which data cannot travel. These depictions, however, do not align with the policies that provide separate sections for privacy and security. With these findings in mind, I propose a widespread adoption of “privacy-washing” to promote a newfound literacy of granular data types.
Cardiovascular disease: extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lakhanpal Samridhi , Aggarwal Kanishk , Kaur Harmanjit , Kanwar Kunal , Gupta Vasu , Bhavsar Jill , Jain Rohit
Published: May 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by the interplay of the aberrant immune system, genetic factors, environmental factors, and intestinal microbiota, resulting in relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Underlying pro-inflammatory state and immune dysregulation act as a catalyst for increasing the likelihood of developing extraintestinal manifestations, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) like atherosclerosis, pericarditis, myocarditis, venous and arterial thromboembolism, arrhythmias, despite a lower prevalence of classic CVD risk factors, like high body mass index or dyslipidemia compared to the general population. Chronic inflammation damages endothelium resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, which induce cytotoxicity, lipoprotein oxidation, and matrix degradation, which increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Additionally, intestinal dysbiosis disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier, releasing endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides into circulation, further exaggerating the atherosclerotic process. Abnormal collagen metabolism and alteration of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation lead to blood pressure dysregulation in patients with IBD. Therefore, it is essential to make lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation, dietary changes, and increasing physical activity with adherence to medication to mitigate the risk of developing CVD in patients with IBD. This article reviews the potential links between IBD and the increased risk of CVD in such individuals.
Self-Efficacy, Motivation and Learning Strategies in Germany and Japan
Authors: Gruber Nicole , Kurahashi-Friedmann Tomoko
Published: May 2024

Learning strategies are important factors for students’ academic success. Motivation and self-efficacy influence the choice and the use of specific learning strategies (Entwistle & Ramsden, 1983). In this study, we want to assess how these three factors and their interaction are determined by the cultural setting (eastern vs. western culture). Therefore, we tested 271 Japanese students (198 men, age: M = 19.74, SD = 1.39) and 300 German students (177 men, age: M = 21.84, SD = 1.83). The results show that Japanese students have lower motivation and self-efficacy and choose different learning strategies from German students. Even when (it is) not totally fitting the theoretical construct, the choice of learning strategies can be better explained in Japan (R² = .10 to .33) by motivation and self-efficacy than in Germany (R² = .01 to .26). In summary, it is shown that the cultural setting has an influence on the three components and also on their interaction.
The Impact of Collaborative Instruction on Enhancing EFL Learners' Writing Proficiency
Authors: Talebi Zahra
Published: May 2024

Writing is an important communicative language skill. It is an activity that requires a mental effort to “think out” the sentences and the ways of joining them to be meaningful and communicative. The present study was set up to the effectiveness of collaborative instruction on developing EFL students’ writing ability and also to delve into their attitudes towards it. For this purpose, 30 EFL students(18-25) studying at Gelisim University in Turkey were chosen by quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test, treatment, and post-test design using intact EFL classrooms. The obtained data was analyzed using the T-test. The results of the data analysis indicated that there was a positive and significant impact on the development of learners’ academic writing skills. Therefore the importance of writing in international communication and the complexity of this skill necessitate the application of appropriate teaching and learning strategies and approaches.
The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioural Approach-Based Psychoeducation Program on Social Media Addiction
Authors: Aşantuğrul Nuray , Barut Yaşar
Published: May 2024

This study aims the examine of the effect of the psychoeducation program developed based on the Cognitive-Behavioural Approach (CBA) on the social media addiction levels of adolescents. The study involves the use of a quasi-experimental design with study group, in which pre-test, post-test, and follow-up studies were performed. The study group consists of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control) secondary school students selected from three different high schools and determined through random assignment. The experimental group received the psychoeducation program consisting of nine-seasons and no action was taken for the control group. Personal Information Form (PIF) and Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) were used in the study as data collection tools. A pre-test two weeks before the application of the psychoeducation program, a post-test at the end of the application, and a follow-up test three months after the end of the application were performed among adolescents in the experimental group. Statistical analyzes revealed that there was a significant decrease in the social media addiction scores of the adolescents in the experimental group. In line with these results obtained from the study, it is possible to say that the psychoeducation program applied to adolescents in reducing social media addiction is effective in obtaining successful results in this process.
Best proximity points for generalized (F, R)-proximal contractions
Authors: Rawat Shivam , Bartwal Ayush , Dimri R. C.
Published: May 2024

We present the notion of generalized (F, R)-proximal non-self contractions and prove best proximity point theorems in complete metric spaces endowed with an arbitrary binary relation. An example is given to vindicate our claims. We also show that the edge preserving structure is a particular case of the binary relation R. Moreover, an application to variational inequality problem is given in order to demonstrate the efficacy of our results.
STRESS AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS STUDENTS IN BULGARIA
Authors:   Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria., Boncheva Petya , Dokova Klara ,   Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of stress among students of various health specialties in Bulgaria and to examine its relationship with the individual and institutional characteristics of the students and with their health behavior. Methods: A survey was conducted among students from all 26 Bachelor and Master of health sciences programmes at a Medical University in Bulgaria. Information on self-assessed levels of health and stress, aspects of the health behavior (physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, diet and sleep duration), personal (age, gender) and institutional factors (specialty and year of study) was collected with a structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the determinants of the perceived high level of stress. Results: A total of 570 (10% sample) of all students from the university with a mean age of 24 (SD 7.6) years took part in the study. The majority of students (61.7%) experienced a moderate level of stress. Self-reported high level of stress (25.4%) was significantly independently associated with three factors - female gender (OR=2.92, 95% CI=1.09-7.81), low level of self-rated health (OR=6.95, 95% CI=2.17-22.25) and higher (fourth or fifth) year of study compared to first (OR=5.49, 95% CI=1.72-17.59; OR=4.06, 95% CI=1.36-12.16). Conclusions: Stress is an important problem affecting the health of this group of the population. Active actions for building environments conducive to and supporting students' mental health are necessary, for which medical universities are in a very favourable position.
Paradigm shift: Bacterial quorum sensing and possible control targets
Authors:   Kisii University, School of Health Sciences, Kisii, Kenya., Omwenga Eric O , Awour Silas O ,   Microbiology Department, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya., Goycoolea Francisco M ,   School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Published: May 2024

QS Designates a cell-to-cell communication process that enables bacteria to collectively modify their behaviour in response to changes in the cell density and species composition of the surrounding microbial community. These processes involve the production, release and group-wide detection of extracellular signalling molecules, which are generically called Autoinducers (AIs). It controls various genes which are responsible for various phenotypes like bioluminescence, the secretion of virulence factors, and the formation of biofilms in bacteria. Quorum quenching inhibits QS and the substances that inhibit it are called quorum sensing inhibitors. Several chemical compounds and enzymes mediate inhibition of QS, such as, lactonases, acylases and oxidoreductases. Other than these, there are some non-enzymatic methods for quorum quenching and also some plant phytochemicals have been found to inhibit it. Blocking of QS by QS Inhibition (QSI) may play an important role to disrupt biofilm formation in a device associated infection and chronic drug resistant infection. More researches are required in this area related with QS and QSI. However, some chemicals have been found to be mimicking the quorum sensing AIs activities like serotonin and rosmaric acid.
Impact of covid-19 on blood values of patients with coronary heart disease
Authors:   Department of General Practitioner, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan., dauren Zhantleu , Zhannat M Nurmakhanova ,   Department of General Practitioner, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Published: May 2024

Patients with coronary heart disease [CHD] have an increased risk of developing complications from COVID-19, such as myocarditis, thrombosis, arrhythmias, and heart failure. The first markers of these complications are blood counts, their monitoring can help early diagnosis and treatment of complications, thereby improving the prognosis for these patients.
Omphalocele congenital anomalies
Authors:   Department of Kaumarbhritya, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda College Hospital and Research Centre, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India., Khatri Arun Naphe
Published: May 2024

A 4-year-old girl who complained of having a huge bulging tumour at the abdomen wall presented to the OPD. On inspection, a big bag was seen to protrude through the umbilicus and outside the abdominal wall. The clinical characteristics were used to make the diagnosis of omphalocele. An uncommon congenital defect of the abdominal wall is omphalocele. Child with this giant congenital defect has covered the sac with intestinal coils, part of liver, and other abdominal organs that protrude through the umbilicus outside the abdominal wall. These organs are encased in a sac-like structure that is incredibly thin and almost translucent.
Intrathoracic challenging mass ultra-sonographic video presentation
Authors:   University of Tirana, Faculty of Medicine, Service of Lung Diseases, Tirana, Albania., Kapisyzi Perlat
Published: May 2024

Background: The diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in identifying intra-thoracic masses following previous surgical interventions is shrouded in intrigue. Under-reporting and medico-legal concerns further complicate the identification and diagnosis of such cases. This study aims to unravel the enigmatic ultrasound characteristics of a unique intra-thoracic mass, accompanied by an enthralling ultrasound video presentation. Case report: In this captivating case, a 66-year-old patient, who had undergone aortic valve replacement surgery five years prior, presented for a routine check-up. An incidental hypo echoic image in the lung sparked further investigation. Imaging studies revealed a distinct round mass, and lung ultrasound provided intriguing insights into its features, including hypo echoic, hyper echoic density, posterior hyper echoic densities, and dynamic changes with probe manipulation. Surgical intervention uncovered a suppurated cystic formation and a retained surgical material from the previous procedure. Conclusion: The unconventional nature of an intra-thoracic round mass following prior surgical intervention adds an aura of mystique to this case. Diagnosis and management are complex due to limited reported cases and medico-legal considerations. By sharing the captivating ultrasound characteristics and video presentation of this unique case, we aim to deepen our understanding of this enigmatic phenomenon and raise awareness among clinicians. This knowledge can aid in the timely identification and appropriate management of similar cases, ultimately improving patient outcomes. The diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in intra-thoracic masses should not be overlooked, offering a radiation-free approach to post-operative follow-up and the detection of late complications.
Rombo encephalitis and cerebellar abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes with fulminant course in an immunocompetent elderly patient: A case report
Authors:   Neurology Service of the University Hospital of Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Spain., Garcia Granado Juan Francisco
Published: May 2024

Listeria Monocytogenes (LM) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause from mild infections to severe clinical pictures with neurological involvement, being responsible for sporadic cases, epidemic outbreaks and a high mortality and case fatality rate. Neurolisteriosis may present as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, rhomboencephalitis or brain abscesses. LM rhomboencephalitis is a rare disease for which advanced age and cellular immunosuppression are common risk factors, although it may occur in patients without prior immunosuppression. Spread to the CNS occurs haematogenously through the blood-brain barrier, by direct invasion or by retrograde brain migration through nerve tracts. Different diagnostic subtyping methods are available, although DNA sequencing is the technique of choice for epidemiological studies. The combination of ampicillin with gentamicin for 6-8 weeks is usually the recommended treatment, and neurosurgery may improve the prognosis in patients with brain abscess, although there are no clinical practice guidelines available with a high level of evidence. The diagnosis of LM rhomboencephalitis should be suspected in any patient with an infectious condition with evidence of meningeal or brainstem involvement. Mortality from neurolisteriosis is increasing in Europe due to the ageing population and the increase in immunocompromised patients, and can reach up to 51%. The case described in this article is exceptional, presenting acute rhomboencephalitis with cerebellar abscesses in a healthy patient with no risk factors and a fulminant course.