bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation, comparison of surface topography and frictional resistance of zinc oxide- tin oxide nanocoated ceramic orthodontic brackets by radio frequency magnetron sputter coating method: An in vitro study
Authors: Jain Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Arshya A
Published: November 2024

In recent years, orthodontic research has witnessed significant progress as it ventures into the exploration of nanoparticle coating to augment the surface properties of orthodontic appliances. 

The present study aimed to evaluate the surface characteristics, surface topography and frictional resistance (FR) of ceramic brackets (CB) nanocoated with zinc oxide- tin oxide (ZnO-SnO) by radio frequency magnetron sputter coating method.

26 polycrystalline maxillary canine CB, split into two groups, were used in the current in vitro investigation. Group A of the RF magnetron sputter coating method was used to coat ZnO-SnO nanoparticles (Nps) on brackets, while group B of the process used uncoated brackets. Following coating, brackets underwent EDAX and SEM imaging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess the surface topography, and frictional resistance (FR) was also examined. An analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS (Version 23.0). An independent parametric t-test was used to compare the results between the groups.

Brackets coated by RF sputter coating method had a porous and aggregated morphology when viewed under SEM. EDAX spectroscopy images showed uncoated brackets presented aluminium, oxygen, silica and calcium signal peaks at 60.83 wt %, 13.43 wt %, 24.57 wt % and 1.17 wt % respectively while the coated brackets showed signal peaks of zinc, oxygen, silica and tin at signal peaks of 20.98 wt %, 54.85 wt %, 10.52 wt % and 13.65 wt %. Groups A and B showed a surface roughness (SR) of 180.62 ± 9.49 nm and 316.77 ± 14.10. A statistically significant difference was observed in the SR between the 2 groups (p=0.00). The mean FR were higher for uncoated brackets (8.18 ± 0.76) p=0.00.

Zn-SnO2 Nps were effectively coated onto ceramic brackets through the RF magnetron sputter coating technique. In comparison to uncoated brackets, the coated brackets exhibited a lower FR and SR.
Comparative assessment of enamel surface remineralisation with three different dentifrices: An energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Jain Anchal Anil , Ravindranath VK  , Gheware Anjali , Mhatre Amol , Wadhwani Navin , Chaudhari Rhujuta
Published: November 2024

Comparative assessment of remineralisation of enamel surface when treated with three different dentifrices.

Sixty-six extracted upper right first premolars were demineralized to form artificial white spot lesions. The samples were divided into 3 groups: Group 1-Biomin F, Group 2- Clinpro ToothCreme, Group 3- Amflor. They were treated with three different dentifrices (22/ group) for 14 days in simulated oral conditions. Energy dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy was done pre and post remineralistaion.

The primary evaluation parameter for this study was the Ca/P ratio. As per the results, the maximum increase in Ca/P ratio was seen in Group1, followed by Group 3 and 2 respectively. The results were found to be statistically significant. (p=0.045 i.e. p<0.05) The secondary evaluation parameter for this study was the change in Fluoride content. As per the results, the maximum increase in Fluoride content was seen in Group 2 which was followed by Group 3 which is equivalent to Group 1. However, the results were found to be statistically non-significant. (p=0.219 i.e. p>0.05)

Biomin F has the highest remineralisation efficiency when compared to the other 2 dentifrices. Biomin F contains an optimum combination of fluoride (600 ppm), phosphate and calcium ions, incorporated within the structure of the glass itself. The glass gradually dissolves over up to 12 hours neutralizing acids in the mouth and deposit fluorapatite. Thus, it can be used in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment to prevent or reduce the formation of white spot lesions.
Accuracy and reliability of webceph on posteroanterior cephalogram- A retrospective study
Authors: Selvarajan Karthikraja , Natrajan Karthick , Geevee Ajith , Elango Elankalai , Sankar Hanumanth , Krishnan Prabhakar
Published: November 2024

Lateral cephalogram plays a vital role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, from the advent of cephalometric radiography, whereas limited attention was given to posteroanterior cephalogram which evaluates skeletal discrepancies in transverse dimension. Thus, our study focuses on comparing the accuracy and reliability of fully automated AI driven software ‘WebCeph’, a semi-automated software ‘EasyCeph’ and manual tracing on posteroanterior cephalogram.

A sample of 30 pretreatment posteroanterior cephalometric radiographic digital images were collected and analyzed using manual tracing, WebCeph and EasyCeph with 20 landmarks (16 linear and 2 angular measurements). For manual tracing, hard copies of digital images were obtained, whereas for EasyCeph and WebCeph, direct digital images used for analysis. ANOVA Test was done to compare the measurements of each parameter among WebCeph, EasyCeph and manual tracing. Bonferroni post hoc test was performed for individual comparison among 3 groups. The intraoperator reliability were evaluated by correlation coefficient test after 1 month by retracing 5 randomly selected cephalograms.

On comparing three methods, 6 out of 18 parameters showed statistically significant differences. On individual comparison, EasyCeph shows significant differences with its counterparts, whereas WebCeph and manual tracing values shows no statistically significant difference. The intraclass correlation coefficient shows strong correlation for manual tracing (0.84 to 0.95) and EasyCeph (0.78 to 0.89)

The automated cephalometric measurements from WebCeph are reasonably consistent, accurate and reliable when compared with Manual tracing and EasyCeph.
Generation of Bessel vortex beams in the subterahertz range using reflecting diffractive optical elements
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Gerasimov V.V. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Osintseva N.D. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Pavelyev V.S. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Agafonov A.N. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2024

In this work, we propose a simple method for generating Bessel vortex beams in the subterahertz (subTHz) range with the orbital angular momentum with l = 1 based on reflecting metal diffractive optical elements with a continuous helical microrelief. The elements are fabricated by micromilling in a polished duralumin substrate and by tin casting, and tested using a backward wave oscillator (wavelength λ = 855 µm). When using the micromilled element, Bessel vortex beams are shown to be generated and retain a Bessel intensity profile at a distance of 20–50 mm from the reflecting element, which is in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation. An experimental estimate of the energy efficiency of this element is 63%. When using elements made by tin casting, the vortex beams are generated with a distorted profile due to the presence of residual deformations of tin, which has plasticity. Due to their high conductivity, metallic reflecting elements can be used with high power density sub-THz radiation sources such as free electron lasers and gyrotrons.
PARENT REPORTS OF THE PREVALENCE OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AMONG CHILDREN AND TEENS IN THE CAPE COAST METROPOLIS, GHANA
Authors: Afriyie James , Bolton Kelly , Nelson-Gardell Debra
Published: November 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) — potentially traumatizing events that occur in childhood — have been linked to serious health problems later in life. Despite the documented negative effects of ACEs, and the high prevalence of ACEs in lower-middle-income countries, research about ACE prevalence is sparse for locales in Sub-Saharan Africa. This descriptive study examined the prevalence of ACEs among 800 children and teens in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana, as reported by their parents (or caregivers), who were recruited from February to April 2021. Parent-reported sociodemographic characteristics and ACEs experienced by the children and teens were collected with the Center for Youth Wellness ACE Questionnaire (CYW ACE-Q). Analysis of the parents’ reports indicated that about 84.9% of the children and teens had been exposed to at least one ACE, 69.1% had experienced two or more ACEs, and 51.8% had experienced three or more ACEs. The most prevalent ACEs, according to the parents, were community violence (50.2%), separated parents (34.0%), physical abuse (33.4%), and emotional abuse (28.9%). This study thus reveals a high prevalence of ACEs in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana, suggesting the need for policies and actions aimed at reducing community violence and protecting children from abuse in the Metropolis.
YOUTH WORKERS’ EXPERIENCE REGARDING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Chauke Thulani Andrew
Published: November 2024

The alarming prevalence of HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancy among learners is of considerable concern. This study aimed to explore the barriers encountered by youth workers in implementing sexual and reproductive health education (SRHE) in secondary schools South Africa in the Western Cape province of South Africa and also to explore the benefits these youth workers bring. Qualitative methods and individual interviews were used to gather data. The findings show that cultural socialisation remains a major barrier to the effective implementation of SRHE by youth workers. Positive outcomes from the presence of the youth workers in schools include an increase in learners’ self-esteem and greater acceptance of moral values such as good citizenship and respect for others regardless of differences. Accordingly, this study recommends integrating youth workers into the schools by adding SRHE to the curriculum and having it implemented by them. When such programmes are set up, the role of youth workers in schools should be clearly articulated to avoid conflict between teachers and youth workers.
From ideals to action: Pancasila's impact on micro business antifragility in Indonesia through performance enhancement
Authors: Fauji Diah Ayu Septi , Pratikto Heri , Winarno Agung , Handayati Puji
Published: November 2024

This research aims to evaluate the impact of Pancasila-based performance on the antifragility level of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia. It specifically figures out the most important aspects of Pancasila-based performance that are linked to antifragility and checks how much using Pancasila values in managing MSEs makes them better at handling problems and disasters. The study used a quantitative research approach. Meanwhile, we collected the data through a questionnaire from 220 MSEs in two cities in East Java, Indonesia, using proportional random sampling. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The finding indicated that Pancasila- based performance positively and significantly influences the antifragility level of MSEs in Indonesia. The research provides a new and original contribution to developing more sustainable, inclusive, and nationally appropriate business strategies for assessing antifragile business performance. Our research provides valuable insights into the significance of enhancing antifragility levels for Indonesia's MSEs. By measuring antifragile business performance, this study contributes to developing more sustainable, inclusive, and nationally aligned business strategies.
Psychological empowerment and its relation to the personality traits of Saudi university students
Authors: Hassan Fatima AbdeRahman Eltayeb
Published: November 2024

This study explores the psychological empowerment of students at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and the differences by specialization and study level. It also attempts to identify if dimensions of psychological empowerment predict personality traits. The study followed a descriptive and correlational design and used two scales to collect data on the participants’ psychological empowerment and personality traits. The two scales were administered to a stratified random sample of 202 female students from Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. Means, standard deviations, the t-test for independent samples, and regression analysis were used to answer the research questions. The results revealed that the students had a high level of psychological empowerment. There were no statistically significant differences by study level in all dimensions of psychological empowerment, except human relations and the total score. The differences were in favor of the seventh-level students. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences by specialization in all dimensions, except human relations and the total score. These differences were in favor of arts students. The regression analysis revealed that psychological empowerment, particularly the dimensions of goal internalization and human relations, could predict personality traits. It is recommended that psychological empowerment dimensions that contribute to positive personality traits be targeted in training and academic counseling services provided to students.
Cultural and social context-based learning in natural sciences for the development of students’ social responsibility in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Tra Do Huong , Hai Phung Viet
Published: November 2024

This study investigates teachers' perceptions and practices concerning the integration of cultural and social contexts into teaching in Vietnam, with the aim of enhancing students' social responsibility. A comprehensive survey was conducted involving 1,281 students and 51 Natural Science teachers from secondary schools in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The findings reveal that while teachers of natural sciences in this region are acutely aware of the significance of incorporating local cultural and social contexts into their instruction to foster students' social responsibility, its actual implementation is infrequent, primarily due to various challenges, including limited resources, time constraints, and a lack of training. Furthermore, the student survey results show no significant improvement in their social responsibility, suggesting that current teaching practices may not be effectively addressing this critical educational goal. In light of these findings, several recommendations are proposed, including the expansion of targeted training programs and ongoing support for teachers on how to effectively integrate cultural and social contexts into their teaching practices. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights for educators in Vietnam, aiding them in designing more effective instructional activities for natural science subjects in alignment with the educational objectives outlined in the 2018 General Education Program.
Exploring contemporary visualization of traditional Chinese arts: Relationship between calligraphy elements and visual communication effects
Authors: Peng Guijun , Zahari Zuriawati Ahmad
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects  and cultural significance in the context of contemporary visualization of traditional Chinese arts. Thematic analysis was conducted on interview responses to uncover insights into the complex dynamics at play. In-depth interviews with professionals and scholars provided firsthand perspectives on integrating calligraphy elements in visual communication, the effects of visual communication on audience perceptions and the role of cultural heritage in design practice. Comparative analysis with existing literature further enriched the understanding of the variables’  relationships and their implications for theory and practice. The findings reveal intricate relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects, and cultural significance. Calligraphy elements enhance visual communication by imbuing design materials with cultural depth, authenticity and emotional resonance. Visual communication influences  audience perceptions of cultural significance, shaping their attitudes and behaviors towards cultural artifacts and representations. Furthermore, cultural heritage informs design practice by providing a rich source of inspiration and meaning, guiding the creation of culturally resonant and effective communication materials. This research contributes to theoretical advancements in visual communication, cultural studies and design theory by uncovering insights into the relationships between calligraphy elements, visual communication effects, and cultural significance. The practical implications for professionals in design, marketing and cultural heritage preservation include providing practical guidance for creating culturally resonant communication materials and informing policies and initiatives that support the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage.
Implementation of E.Dulcis as Albumin-coated Biomaterial Patch and Organic Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy on Melanoma Cell Cancer
Authors: Wianto Totok , Suarso Eka , Minarto Ori , Wahyono Sri Cahyo , Apsari Retna , Nasrulloh Amar Vijai
Published: November 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that relies on photosensitizer administration and light-based activation. The use of chlorophyll as a photosensitizer is due to the abundance of chlorophyll in nature, especially in Indonesia, which is a tropical country. An obstacle to applying chlorophyll as a photosensitizer is the low stability of chlorophyll, so modifications are needed to obtain stable chlorophyll. The coating is a chlorophyll modification method that allows for a more straightforward synthesis and can increase its stability. This research aimed to implement the extracted Eleocharis dulcis (E.dulcis) as a chlorophyll source and modify it into an albumin-coated biomaterial as a photosensitizer. The modification results can be applied as patches to obtain albumin-modified biomaterial patches with maximum absorption at wavelengths between 650-750 nm and purity >95%. The photosensitizer chlorophyll coating results from the surface modification method of chlorophyll isolate of E.dulcis weed with albumin, which has stable, high hydrophilicity properties and low toxicity. The photosensitizer was then applied to achieve apoptotic melanoma cancer cell death, and red–near-infrared laser exposure was used to get high apoptotic results. In this research, PDT with a laser energy dose of 20 J/cm2, along with the addition of a photosensitizer on melanoma cell cancer, reached the highest percentage of apoptotic cell death for both MCF7 and T47D at 90 ± 0,8 % and 86 ± 0,7 % respectively. The potential of photodynamic therapy based on albumin-coated E.dulcis‘s chlorophyll as a biomaterial patch and organic photosensitizer in increasing the death of melanoma cell cancer is a significant outcome of this research.
Evolution of Information Security Awareness towards Maturity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Ridzam , Osman Mohd Hafeez , Abdullah Azizol , Sharif Khaironi Yatim
Published: November 2024

This systematic review provides an in-depth analysis of existing information security awareness (ISA) maturity models. This review synthesizes findings from 25 scholarly articles, identifying standard dimensions such as risk management, organizational culture, training programs, policy compliance, and technical measures. Despite diverse approaches, significant gaps are evident, particularly the absence of tailored models for specific organizational types like public sector entities. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported data and expert opinions in many models introduces biases, limiting their applicability. The findings underscore the need for organizations to adopt a comprehensive approach to ISA maturity, combining technical controls with behavioral assessments. This holistic view is essential for developing robust ISA maturity frameworks to address evolving cyber threats. Emphasizing compliance with established standards, such as ISO/IEC 27001, is critical to enhancing ISA across industries. Future research should focus on validating and refining ISA maturity models in diverse contexts and industries. This includes testing models in different organizational settings to ensure broader applicability and developing frameworks integrating technical and behavioral dimensions. Addressing sector-specific tailoring, integrating technical and managerial aspects, and providing rigorous empirical validation are critical for developing more effective and adaptable models. Developing ISA maturity models specifically tailored for the public sector is vital due to these organizations' unique challenges and responsibilities. Utilizing updated versions of standards like ISO 27000 series  provides a robust framework for maintaining high information security awareness and preparedness standards.
Accounting Analysis of Cost and Benefit of Celebrity Endorsements in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Priyadi Ira Hasti , Halida Uly Mabruroh , Jannah Safiratul , Rohmaniyah Alfiatur
Published: November 2024

Dalam era digitalisasi, media sosial telah menjadi bagian integral kehidupan manusia, tidak hanya sebagai alat komunikasi tetapi juga sebagai platform branding dan pemasaran. Fenomena ini menciptakan peluang bagi bisnis untuk menggunakan selebgram, individu terkenal di media sosial, sebagai agen promosi produk. Namun, strategi ini tidak terlepas dari biaya yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis biaya-manfaat (Cost-Benefit Analysis/CBA) terhadap promosi produk melalui endorsmen selebgram di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada UMKM di Pamekasan. Metode penelitian campuran (mix methods) digunakan untuk menggabungkan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui, wawancara dengan pelaku UMKM dan selebgram, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Data kuantitatif mencakup tarif endorsmen selebgram terkenal, sedangkan data kualitatif melibatkan evaluasi manfaat yang diterima oleh UMKM.  Diketahui bahwa selebgram mematok tarif yang bervariasi, dengan beberapa selebgram termahal mencapai Rp50.000.000. Analisis biaya-manfaat dilakukan untuk menilai efisiensi investasi dalam promosi ini. Terlihat bahwa beberapa UMKM mencapai Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) tertinggi, menunjukkan efisiensi tinggi dalam menghasilkan manfaat.
El dilema del consumidor europeo
Authors: Añoveros Terradas Beatriz
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo analiza los distintos métodos o técnicas de reglamentación (multilateral y unilateral) que el Derecho internacional privado europeo utiliza para la protección del consumidor contratante y, en particular, su potencial aplicación cumulativa, i.e. la posible incidencia de normas de protección del consumidor nacionales (cuyo origen se encuentra en la trasposición de directivas europeas) como normas internacionalmente imperativas o de policía, en contratos de consumo regulados por una norma de conflicto materialmente orientada. La relación entre la norma de conflicto protectora del consumidor contratante prevista en el art. 6 RRI y las normas de policía del art. 9 RRI ha sido un tema ampliamente debatido por la doctrina, tanto respecto de los contratos que cumplen las condiciones de aplicabilidad del art. 6 RRI como los que quedan excluidos (consumidores activos y exclusiones expresas). En cuanto a los primeros, la aplicación cumulativa de ambas técnicas podría conllevar “paternalismo excesivo” que a nuestro juicio va en contra de su autonomía y de los propios objetivos del Reglamento Roma I y es, por tanto, inaceptable en las relaciones de consumo intra-europeas. En las situaciones vinculadas a terceros Estados (extra-europeas) esa doble protección será en ocasiones necesaria para garantizar el nivel de protección europeo.
The Invisible College of International Lawyers in Private International Law Today
Authors: Hess Burkhard , Requejo Isidro Marta
Published: November 2024

These pages elaborate briefly on Oscar Schachter’s celebrated reflections about an invisible college of international lawyers, with a focus on today’s private international law.
L’ accertamento e l’interpretazione del Diritto straniero richiamato
Authors: Marongiu Buonaiu Fabrizio
Published: November 2024

L’accertamento ed interpretazione del diritto straniero richiamato costituisce una questione generale del diritto internazionale privato che è rimasta sinora non affrontata nei regolamenti europei adottati nel settore della cooperazione giudiziaria in materia civile. Dopo avere preso in considerazione le diverse proposte avanzate da studiosi e da istituzioni scientifiche per l’adozione di regole comuni in materia, l’autore si sforza di tratteggiare una soluzione che possa essere compatibile con i principi e gli obiettivi che sono propri del crescente sistema europeo di diritto internazionale privato. In linea di principio, il diritto straniero reso applicabile dalle norme di conflitto contenute in un regolamento europeo dovrebbe essere applicato ex officio dal giudice, secondo l’interpretazione che il diritto in questione riceve nel suo proprio ordinamento giuridico. Nondimeno, alcune eccezioni devono ragionevolmente poter essere contemplate, in un’ottica di contemperamento tra il dover garantire l’effettività delle regole di diritto internazionale privato europee e la tutela dei diritti procedurali delle parti. In particolare, appare ragionevole ammettere che, nella misura in cui i regolamenti europei concedono alle parti la libertà di scelta del diritto applicabile, altrettanto debba ritenersi ammissibile una rinuncia ad opera delle parti stesse all’applicazione del diritto straniero, allo scopo di evitare le spese e lungaggini che l’accertamento del contenuto e dell’interpretazione del diritto straniero possono comportare. Nella medesima ottica, il giudice deve potersi ritenere dispensato dall’obbligo di applicare il diritto straniero in casi eccezionali, riguardanti per lo più diritti extraeuropei, in cui l’accertamento del suo contenuto ed interpretazione si riveli a tal punto complesso da essere incompatibile con il dovere di assicurare una durata ragionevole del processo.
Detection of milk's sheep quality indicators by studying the contamination of milk with some heavy metals in some areas of Hadramout Coast – Yemen
Authors: Ba-abbad Ali Mohammed Abdel-bari , Maknoon Alwi Ahmad Alwi , Bin-Zaidan Yaslam Khaled Yaslam
Published: November 2024

An experimental study was conducted with the aim of using sheep milk as bioindicators of environmental pollution for cadmium, lead and arsenic in some areas of Hadhramout coast in the period from November 2021 to March 2022, 45 samples of milk were collected from five areas of the Hadhramaut coast (Fowah, Al-Ghaleelah Thelah, Shaheer and Al-Khareebah). Cadmium and lead concentrations were measured by (FAAS), while arsenic concentrations were measured by (AAS- MHS 15). The results of study showed that the mean concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic in milk samples are 0.0087 ppm, 0.055 ppm and 0.105 ppm; respectively. Concentration of cadmium were higher than the permissible limit according to Europe Union and Codex Alimentarius milk 0.01 ppm in urban areas (Fowah, Al- Ghaleelah, and Shaheer). Lead concentration was found higher than the maximum permissible limit for Europe Union and Codex Alimentarius of lead in milk 0.02 ppm in areas (Fowah, Al- Ghaleelah, and Shaheer).  Arsenic concentration was found higher than the maximum permissible limit for Europe Union and of arsenic in milk 0.1 ppm in Thelah area, While Al-Khareebah area was in maximum permissible limit Europe Union. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences between the average concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic at a significant level (p<0.05) in milk samples in the different study areas. This study confirmed that sheep milk are good bioindicators for detecting environmental pollution with heavy metals. The study concluded that the main reason for the high concentrations of cadmium and lead in urban areas are human industrial activities, all process of combustion and industrial and agricultural wastes. The study recommends periodic monitoring and examination of heavy metals in the environment using bioindicators and identifying the main sources of their spread in the environment.
The impact of teacher empowerment on school effectiveness: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Prasetia Indra , Akrim
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of empowerment on school effectiveness and examine more broadly the findings of early research. This mixed study used an exploratory sequential design. The initial stage of research uses qualitative methods followed by the quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage, research data were collected through in-depth interviews with 19 teachers determined by purposive sampling. The research findings at the qualitative stage were then followed up for wider testing using a larger population and sample. A total of 104 teachers were determined as research samples using proportional random sampling techniques from a population of 712 teachers in 39 high schools in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Qualitative findings provide evidence that psychological and structural empowerment have the same qualities as employment involvement and that empowering working conditions affects the attitude of teachers that their work is important. They can do work and set choices; have an impact on their departments  and tend to show autonomy that generates more energy and ability in their work. Quantitative findings explain that structural empowerment influences psychological empowerment at 45.6% and has influence on school effectiveness at 43.9%. Psychological empowerment has influence on school effectiveness at 64.3%. Structural empowerment has influenced school effectiveness through psychological empowerment of 48.2% and a total influence of 92.10%. Qualitative findings suggest that the strength of structural and psychological empowerment determines school effectiveness.
Research trends in gambling tax dynamics: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Khithobi Arya Teges , Margono Hendro , Hariani Nurul Jamila , Soegiono Agie Nugroho
Published: November 2024

Gambling has been around for a long time and continues to evolve as it becomes integrated with video games. In its development, gambling continues to have negative impacts both economically and socially, such as unemployment, tax losses, divorce, and suicide. However, gambling can also have a positive impact, such as an increase in government revenue if taxed appropriately. This study aims to offer a thorough analysis of many publications from the last decade and monitor the progress of scientific research on gambling taxes as found in the Scopus database, utilizing VOSviewer and WordStat. In this study, the method used was bibliometric analysis. Between 2014 and 2023, a total of 132 scientific articles were dedicated to studying gambling taxes. There are a total of seven groups consisting of 111 keywords that are directly connected to gambling taxes. There are three groups of eight authors who are collaborating on a research project about gambling taxes. The study found that the University of Macau has affiliations with the majority of publications that impose gambling taxes. The United States has the biggest number of publications on the topic of gambling taxes. Studies on gambling taxes frequently confront issues of tax evasion and focus on a significant topic, namely the impact on public health and individuals. The study concluded that publications related to gambling taxes are dominated by articles from various multidisciplinary fields. This study recommends a wider range of publications and research from a more varied range of time and sources.
Global cross-sectional survey on higher education institutions: Analysing the assessment of instrument for evaluating academic expertise on teaching, research and community service
Authors: Kurniawan Deny , Samsura D. Ary A. , Van Deemen A.M.A.
Published: November 2024

Globally, the discussion on expertise assessment in higher education institutions has long been a topic in academic literature. However, there is currently no specific measure of academic expertise based on the roles of academics in carrying out their core functions, such as teaching, research, and community service. A recent literature review proposed twenty-nine academic expertise criteria in assessing the three academic tasks. The present study conducted a validity test of these proposed criteria by employing exploratory factor analysis and principal axis factoring. The study sample comprised three hundred and thirty-one respondents, who were gathered through a worldwide survey. The results indicate that the division of the three academic functions is shown in the final model of the measure. This model consists of three factors, each encompassing various indicators of teaching, research, and community service. The study contributes to the validitation of the academic expertise criteria, which can be further used in developing the expertise scale adjusted to higher education institutions.
A study on the changes of China's parenting labor system from the perspective of legal culture theory (1949-1957)
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Yuhong
Published: November 2024

In the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Communist Party then referred to as CPC implemented a series of equality policies in favor of women. This type of policy is reflected in the allocation of childcare labor resources, emphasizing the construction of women’s social welfare. However, China’s women’s welfare policies are influenced by overall political decision making and exhibit an unstable state. This study discusses the changes in the CPC’s childcare norms from 1949 to 1957. Using the laws and regulations issued by the CPC government from 1949 to 1957 and the news materials published from 1949 to 1957, this study classifies and discusses these first hand historical materials in different periods using the method of literature analysis. This study uses Friedman’s legal culture theory to analyze the interaction between the internal legal culture of the government representatives of the CPC and the external legal culture of the people’s representatives. This study finds that by exploring the process of the construction of women’s welfare policy of the PRC from 1949 to 1957, it can be clearly seen that under the condition of limited financial capacity, women’s welfare work is easily abolished due to other more important national socio-economic work. From these results, this study finally concludes that women’s liberation become a tool to serve the national construction under the discourse construction of the CPC.
3D augmented reality-guided robotic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Pecoraro Angela , Piramide Federico , Amparore Daniele
Published: November 2024

The present study aims to provide a contemporary overview of the use of augmented reality (AR) in robotic renal surgery from the renal pedicle management to the demolition and reconstructive phases thanks also to the preoperative planning obtained with three-dimensional virtual models (3DVMs). Recently, the increasing use of the robotic approach extends the indication to partial nephrectomy also in cases of complex or large renal masses and maximizing functional and surgical outcomes. With this goal, new imaging technologies have increased in popularity, especially for laparoscopic and robotic approaches. In this scenario, hyper-accuracy 3DVMs of the kidney and tumor, based on computed tomography (CT) scans, have been developed as a new tool for preoperative planning and intraoperative surgical navigation via AR technology. However, a standardized production process of 3DVMs and dedicated guidelines on their use and application are still needed. A recent systematic review and metanalysis has shed light on the impact of 3D models on minimally-invasive nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). Specifically, lower rates of global ischemia and collecting system violation were observed within AR-robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). However, these rates did not translate into significant improvements in terms of oncological or functional outcomes. This review provides a contemporary overview of the use of AR in robotic renal surgery from the renal pedicle management to the demolition and reconstructive phases thanks also to the preoperative planning obtained with 3DVMs.
INCIDENCIA DE LA VARIABILIDAD Y CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO SOBRE LAS COBERTURAS VEGETALES DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO GUAPÉ DEL PÁRAMO SUMAPAZ
Authors: García Mora Milton Augusto , Ramírez Gómez Katerin Paola , Ivanova Yulia
Published: November 2024

Los páramos son ecosistemas que no solo tienen importancia hidrológica, sino, también, son esenciales en el ámbito ambiental, social, cultural, entre otros. Una de las características que define su integralidad son sus coberturas vegetales, siendo producto de variabilidad climática y actividad antrópica. La última genera cambios importantes en los paisajes y los ecosistemas de páramo en Colombia son afectados por esta. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en determinar el impacto de los factores climáticos en la variabilidad de las coberturas de la tierra de la cuenca del río Guapé del páramo de Sumapaz. Para dicho fin se construyen los mapas del balance hídrico – climático y se calculó la tendencia de los componentes de este. Paralelo a esto y, con base de las herramientas de teledetección, se interpretó la variabilidad de las coberturas vegetales a través del índice NDVI. A través del análisis regresivo se determinó la dependencia de las coberturas respecto a las variables hidrometeorológicas. Los resultados demuestran que, aunque existe una tendencia hacia el crecimiento de la variabilidad de las coberturas de la tierra, esta no depende del régimen hidroclimático, razón por la cual esta se asocia a la actividad antrópica. Esta conclusión permite hacer un llamado a monitorear y controlar las actividades productivas desarrolladas en la cuenca del río Guapé para conservar y restaurar sus coberturas naturales.
RESOLUCIÓN DE MEMORETOS MEDIANTE UN PROCESO HEURÍSTICO
Authors: Vásquez Bernal Marco Vinicio , Matailo Alvarado María José
Published: November 2024

Esta investigación se ha desarrollado en la Universidad Nacional de Educación de Ecuador partiendo de un espacio recreativo de un semanario de la provincia del Cañar denominado El Heraldo, donde a partir de marzo del 2014 se han publicado, semana a semana unos desafíos matemáticos que concitan el interés ciudadano y que, a criterio de los autores, tienen gran potencial para apoyar procesos de aprendizaje de matemáticas. Estos  desafíos, denominados MemoRetos generan el interés de quien los aborda y desde ese interés posibilita explorar alternativas que con ayuda de conceptos matemáticos mínimos logran superar lo planteado, generando una sensación de éxito que ayuda significativamente para construir el conocimiento. Se ha determinado que la forma más adecuada para resolver los MemoRetos se sujeta a procesos heurísticos donde se privilegia el razonamiento y la selección de alternativas. En este trabajo se presenta ese proceso con ejemplos, aspirando que de esta manera se trasmita esta forma de accionar que permite desarrollar conceptos matemáticas desde la acción.
EL JUEGO DE CARTAS UNO COMO ESTRATEGIA PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE HABILIDADES COGNITIVAS EN GRADO SEGUNDO
Authors: Saiz Ruiz María Angélica , Cifuentes Medina José Eriberto
Published: November 2024

El objeto de estudio tuvo como objetivo principal implementar el juego de cartas UNO como una estrategia pedagógica para fortalecer las habilidades cognitivas de los estudiantes de segundo grado en la Institución Educativa Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento, ubicada en el municipio de Villa de Leyva. Esta intervención se basó en las dificultades observadas en áreas clave como la atención, memoria, concentración, y toma de decisiones entre los estudiantes. Para abordar estas falencias, se desarrolló una intervención que incluyó ejercicios específicos de recordatorio de números de 2, 3 y 4 cifras, con el fin de mejorar estas capacidades. Esta estrategia se implementó en respuesta al bajo interés y falta de motivación de los estudiantes hacia la asignatura, buscando generar un ambiente de aprendizaje más dinámico y participativo.
Considerando la necesidad de implementar estrategias pedagógicas que promuevan un aprendizaje significativo, es fundamental que los estudiantes participen activamente en clases que despierten su interés y agrado, sin comprometer la calidad de su proceso de aprendizaje. Siguiendo los estándares básicos de competencias establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN), se decidió incorporar el juego de cartas UNO en las clases de matemáticas. Esta decisión busca no solo enriquecer la experiencia educativa, sino también que tanto los docentes como los padres de familia comprendan la importancia de este juego en el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas esenciales en los estudiantes.
Complementando lo mencionado anteriormente, este trabajo se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 26 estudiantes de segundo grado. Se implementó la metodología de Investigación-Acción Participativa (I.A.P.) con un enfoque cualitativo. A través de esta línea de investigación, se buscó que la investigadora adquiriera competencias fundamentales para su desempeño profesional en el ámbito educativo, centrándose en la implementación de modelos, estrategias y actividades orientadas a mejorar las habilidades cognitivas en matemáticas. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos principales: una entrevista, una prueba diagnóstica, secuencias didácticas y diario de campo. Estos instrumentos permitieron realizar un diagnóstico inicial, llevando a cabo el trabajo de campo y sistematizar los resultados. Los hallazgos demostraron que el uso del juego de cartas UNO es una estrategia pedagógica altamente efectiva para ser aplicada en el aula, ya que facilita el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas esenciales. Además, esta estrategia permite impartir las clases de manera creativa, generando en los estudiantes un entusiasmo renovado por aprender diversos temas de la asignatura. El uso de las cartas UNO no solo facilita la comprensión de los contenidos, sino que también convierte el proceso de aprendizaje en una experiencia lúdica y motivadora.
A Survey on Various Security Protocols of Edge Computing
Authors: Bhattacharya Tathagata , Peddi Adithya Vardhan , Ponaganti Srikanth , Veeramalla Sai Teja
Published: November 2024

Edge computing has emerged as a transformative data processing method by decentralizing computations and bringing them toward the data source, significantly reducing latency and enhancing response times. However, this shift introduces unique security challenges, especially within the detection and prevention of cyberattacks. This paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of the edge security landscape in peripheral computing, with specialized expertise in identifying and mitigating various types of attacks. We explore the challenges associated with detecting and preventing attacks in edge computing environments, acknowledging the limitations of existing approaches. One of the very interesting novelties that we include in this survey article is, that we designed a Web application that runs on an edge network and simulates SQL injection attacks—a common threat in edge computing. Through this simulation, we examined every one of the cleanup strategies used to discover and prevent such attacks using input sanitization techniques, ensuring that the malicious SQL code turned neutralized. Our studies contribute to deeper know-how of the security landscape in edge computing by providing meaningful insights into the effectiveness of multiple prevention strategies.
Novel laser model of optic nerve transection provides valuable insights about the dynamics of optic nerve regeneration
Authors: Moulin Chloe , Dvoriantchikova Galina , Bineshfar Niloufar , Swingle Ben , Martinez Gaby , Groso Daniel , Zhang Michelle , Ivanov Dmitry , Pelaez Daniel
Published: November 2024

Optic nerve (ON) injury causes blindness in adult mammals as their retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cannot regenerate axons. However, amphibian RGC axons do not experience the same regenerative failure. Studying the regeneration process of the ON in amphibians holds profound implications for regenerative medicine and human health. Using transgenic tadpoles and laser micro-optics, we developed a reproducible ON transection and regeneration model. Through microscopy, functional testing, TUNEL, EdU assays, and RNA-seq, we characterized the ON injury response and recovery. Our model suggests no chemoattractant gradient exists early in regeneration, with defasciculated axons sprouting in random directions from the globe-proximal cut end. Once individual axons reach the appropriate anatomical insertion point in the brain, their tract is reinforced by other regenerating axons, restoring normal ON morphology. Thus, guidance cues or scaffolding from brain-innervating axons likely support later stages of regeneration. After 14 days, the regenerated ON is morphologically indistinguishable from the naïve ON, and visual function is restored. We found no evidence of RGC death or new RGC formation in the model, suggesting that only pre-existing RGCs are involved in ON regeneration.
Preparation of Co3O4 /BiOCl Composite Material for Photocatalytic Degradation of TNT Wastewater
Authors: Zhou Xiyang , Liu Jiayi , Sun Jiaji
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to improve the photocatalytic ability of pure BiOCl by a composite approach to solve the problem of degradation of TNT wastewater, which is difficult to degrade. Co3O4/BiOCl composite photocatalysts were successfully and efficiently synthesized using a combination of hydrothermal and calcination methods. The Co3O4/BiOCl composites were characterized, tested, and investigated by various complex techniques. Then, the high photocatalytic performance of the material was determined by its efficiency in degrading simulated TNT wastewater under visible light. From the above data, the possible degradation mechanism of the material in the photocatalytic system was deduced. The experimental results showed that the composite of Co3O4 significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl and improved the efficiency of the composites in degrading TNT wastewater under visible light. In particular, the 0.05CoBi composite exhibited optimal degradation performance, reaching a 92% degradation efficiency of the TNT wastewater within 3 h. The composite was also found to be highly efficient in the degradation of TNT wastewater. After three consecutive photocatalytic degradation cycles, the 0.05CoBi composite maintained 80% degradation efficiency. In addition, radical trapping experiments showed that ·O2− plays a major role, followed by h+, in the degradation of TNT wastewater by 0.05CoBi. From our experiments, we propose a photocatalytic mechanism for this material.