bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trickle‐bed root culture bioreactor design and scale‐up: Growth, fluid‐dynamics, and oxygen mass transfer
Authors: Ramakrishnan Divakar , Curtis Wayne R.
Published: September 2004

Trickle‐bed root culture reactors are shown to achieve tissue concentrations as high as 36 g DW/L (752 g FW/L) at a scale of 14 L. Root growth rate in a 1.6‐L reactor configuration with improved operational conditions is shown to be indistinguishable from the laboratory‐scale benchmark, the shaker flask (μ = 0.33 day−1). These results demonstrate that trickle‐bed reactor systems can sustain tissue concentrations, growth rates and volumetric biomass productivities substantially higher than other reported bioreactor configurations. Mass transfer and fluid dynamics are characterized in trickle‐bed root reactors to identify appropriate operating conditions and scale‐up criteria. Root tissue respiration goes through a minimum with increasing liquid flow, which is qualitatively consistent with traditional trickle‐bed performance. However, liquid hold‐up is much higher than traditional trickle‐beds and alternative correlations based on liquid hold‐up per unit tissue mass are required to account for large changes in biomass volume fraction. Bioreactor characterization is sufficient to carry out preliminary design calculations that indicate scale‐up feasibility to at least 10,000 liters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model‐based optimization of a conductive matrix enzyme electrode
Authors: Wu Xiaoxi , Detzel Christopher J. , Van Wie Bernard J. , Haarsma Sarah J. , Kidwell David A.
Published: September 2004

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the mechanism for internal mass transfer and enzyme reaction kinetics of an amperometric conductive matrix enzyme electrode. The model is simplified and solved analytically to arrive at a representation for the response slope in the linear range as well as for the response time. This is the first time that the response time of an enzyme electrode is described by a mathematical model. Simulations give information on how the design parameters influence the performance of the electrode for a glucose oxidase catalyzed sensing reaction process. Based on this information, several designs were constructed and tested showing suitable agreement with theoretical predictions. Finally, an optimized electrode was designed and validated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of in vivo kinetics of glycolysis in aerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae by application of glucose and ethanol pulses
Authors: Visser Diana , van Zuylen Gertan A. , van Dam Jan C. , Eman Michael R. , Pröll Angela , Ras Cor , Wu Liang , van Gulik Walter M. , Heijnen Joseph J.
Published: September 2004

This article presents the dynamic responses of several intra‐ and extracellular components of an aerobic, glucose‐limited chemostat culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to glucose and ethanol pulses within a time window of 75 sec. Even though the ethanol pulse cannot perturb the glycolytic pathway directly, a distinct response of the metabolites at the lower part of glycolysis was found. We suggest that this response is an indirect effect, caused by perturbation of the NAD/NADH ratio, which is a direct consequence of the conversion of ethanol into acetaldehyde. This effect of the NAD/NADH ratio on glycolysis might serve as an additional explanation for the observed decrease of 3PG, 2PG, and PEP during a glucose pulse. The responses measured during the ethanol pulse were used to evaluate the allosteric regulation of glycolysis. Our results confirm that FBP stimulates pyruvate kinase and suggest that this effect is pronounced. Furthermore, it appears that PEP does not play an important role in the allosteric regulation of phosphofructo kinase. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a continuous supermacroporous monolithic matrix for chromatographic separation of large bioparticles
Authors: Persson Patrik , Baybak Oxana , Plieva Fatima , Galaev Igor Y. , Mattiasson Bo , Nilsson Bernt , Axelsson Anders
Published: September 2004

A continuous supermacroporous monolithic chromatographic matrix has been characterized using a capillary model, experimental breakthrough curves, and pressure drop experiments. The model describes the convective flow and its dispersive mixing effects, mass transfer resistance, pore size distribution, and the adsorption behavior of the monolithic matrix. It is possible to determine an effective pore size distribution by fitting the capillary model to experimental breakthrough curves and pressure drop experiments. The model is able to describe the flow rate dependence of the experimental breakthrough curves. Mass transport resistance was due to: (i) dispersive mixing effects in the convective flow in the pores; and (ii) slow diffusion in the stagnant film covering the surface within each pore, under adsorption conditions. The monolithic matrix can be described by a very narrow pore size distribution, illustrating one of the advantages of the gel. A broader pore size distribution results in increased band broadening. This can be studied easily using the model developed in this investigation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic engineering of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis for the production of taxadiene, the first committed precursor of Taxol
Authors: Besumbes Óscar , Sauret‐Güeto Susanna , Phillips Michael A. , Imperial Santiago , Rodríguez‐Concepción Manuel , Boronat Albert
Published: September 2004

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a widely used anticancer isoprenoid produced by the secondary metabolism of yew (Taxus sp.) trees. However, only limited amounts of Taxol or related metabolites (taxoids) can be obtained from the currently available sources. In this work we have taken the first step toward genetically engineering the biosynthesis of taxoids in angiosperms. The first committed step in Taxol biosynthesis is the production of taxadiene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), catalyzed by the plastid‐localized enzyme taxadiene synthase (TXS). A recombinant T. baccata TXS lacking the putative plastid targeting peptide and fused to a C‐terminal histidine (His) tag was shown to be enzymatically active in Escherichia coli. Constitutive production of the full‐length His‐tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana plants led to the accumulation of taxadiene and concomitant growth retardation and decreased levels of photosynthetic pigment in transgenic plants. Although these phenotypes may derive from a toxic effect of taxadiene, the lower accumulation of endogenous plastid isoprenoid products such as carotenoids and chlorophylls in transgenic plants also suggests that the constitutive production of an active TXS enzyme might alter the balance of the GGPP pool. Induction of transgene expression using a glucocorticoid‐mediated system consistently resulted in a more efficient recruitment of GGPP for the production of taxadiene, which reached levels 30‐fold higher than those in plants constitutively expressing the transgene. This accomplishment illustrates the possibility of engineering the production of taxoids and other GGPP‐derived isoprenoids in crop plants despite the constraints associated with limited knowledge with regard to regulation of GGPP availability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tools for Glycomics: Mapping Interactions of Carbohydrates in Biological Systems
Authors: Ratner Daniel M. , Adams Eddie W. , Disney Matthew D. , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: September 2004

The emerging field of glycomics has been challenged by difficulties associated with studying complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Advances in the development of synthetic tools for glycobiology are poised to overcome some of these challenges and accelerate progress towards our understanding of the roles of carbohydrates in biology. Carbohydrate microarrays, fluorescent neoglycoconjugate probes, and aminoglycoside antibiotic microarrays are among the many new tools becoming available to glycobiologists.
Electron Transfer in Uranyl(VI)‐Uranyl(V) Complexes in Solution.
Authors: Privalov Timofei , Macak Peter , Schimmelpfennig Bernd , Fromager Emmanuel , Grenthe Ingmar , Wahlgren Ulf
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study of the Na2O—MnO3 System. Na6Mo11O36 — A New Oxide with Anatase‐Related Structure, and the Crystal Structures of Na2MoO4.
Authors: Bramnik K. G. , Ehrenberg H.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Full‐Color Emission from In2S3 and In2S3:Eu3+ Nanoparticles.
Authors: Chen Wei , Bovin Jan‐Olov , Joly Alan G. , Wang Shaopeng , Su Fuhai , Li Guohua
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrical Properties of Single‐Crystalline CaAl2Si2.
Authors: Imai Motoharu , Abe Hideki , Yamada Kei
Published: September 2004

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A Large Thermal Hysteresis Loop Produced by a Charge‐Transfer Phase Transition in a Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate.
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Matsuda Tomoyuki , Hashimoto Kazuhito
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage in Nanosized Amorphous NixB Particles.
Authors: Yu Jingxian , Wang Lei , Wang Yadong , Dong Hua , Yang Hanxi
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Lithium Hexafluorophosphate from LiF and P in Fluorine Atmosphere.
Authors: Kim Jae‐Ho , Nagahara Kazushi , Yonezawa Susumu , Takashima Masayuki
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Monoalkylated 4′‐Aryl‐Substituted Terpyridines
Authors: Schulz Burkhard , Bricks Julia , Li Yan‐Qin , Resch‐Genger Ute , Reck Guenter
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Thiocarboxylated Ions: Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Thioesters and Memory Effect/Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Esters
Authors: Luessem Bernhard J. , Gais Hans‐Joachim
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
AuBr3‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Benzannulation Between an Enynal Unit and Enol.
Authors: Asao Naoki , Aikawa Haruo , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Oxidations with IBX: Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha , Singhal Nidhi , Venkatakrishnan P.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electronic and Steric Effects of Ligands as Control Elements for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Herseczki Zsanett , Gergely Ildiko , Hegedues Csaba , Szoelloesy Aron , Bakos Jozsef
Published: September 2004

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Pentylpyridinium Tribromide: A Vapor Pressure Free Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Analogue of Bromine.
Authors: Salazar Jose , Dorta Romano
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: N‐Alkylation of Cyclic Imides with Alkyl Halides Promoted by Potassium Fluoride.
Authors: Hu Yi , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Le Zhang‐Gao , Zheng Qin‐Guo
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free Wittig Olefination with Stabilized Phosphoranes — Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Thiemann Thies , Watanabe Masataka , Tanaka Yasuko , Mataka Shuntaro
Published: September 2004

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Efficient Methods for the Preparation of Alkyl—Aryl and Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical Dialkyl Ethers Between Alcohols and Phenols or Two Alcohols by Oxidation—Reduction Condensation.
Authors: Shintou Taichi , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: September 2004

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Bismuth(III) Chloride Catalyzed Efficient and Selective Cleavage of Trityl Ethers.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Reddy E. Venkata , Swapna R. , Reddy N. Mallikarjun , Yadav J. S.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of ω‐Hydroxy Ketones from ω‐Benzyloxy Weinreb Amides by Using a Chemoselective Nucleophilic Addition/Birch Reduction Process.
Authors: Taillier Catherine , Bellosta Veronique , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: An Efficient Route to anti α‐Amino‐β‐hydroxy Esters via Ru‐SYNPHOS® Catalyzed Hydrogenation.
Authors: Mordant Celine , Duenkelmann Pascal , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple Preparation of PEG‐Carboxylates by Direct Oxidation
Authors: Fishman Alexander , Acton Austin , Lee‐Ruff Edward
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Heterocumulenes with Organometallic Reagents. Part 9. Synthesis and Rearrangements of N‐Allyl‐ and N‐[2‐(Vinyloxy)ethyl]‐3‐butenethioamides and ‐1‐(Methylsulfanyl)‐3‐buten‐1‐imines.
Authors: Dmitrieva L. L. , Nikitina L. P. , Albanov A. I. , Sarapulova G. I. , Nedolya N. A. , Brandsma L.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Allenylation versus Propargylation via Redox Transmetalation Across Tetragonal Tin(II) Oxide.
Authors: Banerjee Moloy , Roy Sujit
Published: September 2004

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LiClO4‐Amine Mediated Direct Aldol Process.
Authors: Markert Morris , Mahrwald Rainer
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of 2‐(β‐Hetarylaminoethyl)‐3,5,6‐trichloro‐1,4‐benzoquinones.
Authors: Karlivans G. , Valters R.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α‐Amino Acid Synthesis via a Cu(II) Chiral Lewis Acid Mediated Addition of Soft Carbon Nucleophiles to Glycine Cation Equivalents.
Authors: Attrill Rick , Tye Heather , Cox Liam R.
Published: September 2004

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New Route of Reaction Between Acyl Isothiocyanates and Cyclic β‐Diketones.
Authors: Vovk M. V. , Chubaruk N. G. , Bol'but A. V.
Published: September 2004

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Reductive Claisen‐Type Condensation Promoted by the Combination of Phosphine and Lewis Acid.
Authors: Hashimoto Yukihiko , Konishi Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Satoshi
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls from Tetraphenylborate and Aryl Halides under Microwave Activation.
Authors: Wang Jin‐Xian , Yang Yihua , Wei Bangguo
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Different Recognitions of (E)‐ and (Z)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl Ketoximes Using Lipase‐Catalyzed Reactions.
Authors: Aoyagi Naoto , Kawauchi Shinji , Izumi Taeko
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Synthetic Approach to Bis‐Functionalized Quaterfluorenes
Authors: Grisorio Roberto , Mastrorilli Piero , Nobile Cosimo Francesco , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Suranna Gian Paolo , Meijer E. W.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient Pauson—Khand Reaction with C60: Regioselective Synthesis of Unprecedented cis‐1 Biscycloadducts.
Authors: Martin Nazario , Altable Margarita , Filippone Salvatore , Martin‐Domenech Angel
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iron‐Catalyzed Propylene Epoxidation by Nitrous Oxide: Dramatic Shift of Allylic Oxidaton to Epoxidation by the Modification with Alkali Metal Salts.
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Zhang Qinghong , Guo Qian , Lou Yinchuan , Yang Lujuan , Wang Ye
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of a New Dimeric Cyclophane Ligand: Application to Enhanced Diastereo‐ and Enantioselectivity in the Catalytic Synthesis of β‐Lactams.
Authors: Wack Harald , France Stefan , Hafez Ahmed M. , Drury William J. III , Weatherwax Anthony , Lectka Thomas
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Iodocyclization of γ‐Hydroxyalkenes.
Authors: Kang Sung Ho , Park Chul Min , Lee Sung Bae , Kim Mihyong
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Aryl Pyrrolidines from γ‐(N‐Arylamino) Alkenes: Evidence for Chemoselective Alkene Insertion into Pd—N Bonds.
Authors: Ney Joshua E. , Wolfe John P.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Cyclization of Allenenes: Divergent Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes from Single Allenenes.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Takeoka Yusuke , Kadoh Yoichi , Miyamura Kumiko , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N2‐Benzyl‐N1‐(1‐ (1‐naphthyl)ethyl)‐3‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diamines and Conformationally Restrained Indole Analogues: Development of Calindol as a New Calcimimetic Acting at the Calcium Sensing Receptor.
Authors: Kessler Albane , Faure Helene , Petrel Christophe , Ruat Martial , Dauban Philippe , Dodd Robert H.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A General Synthesis of N‐Reverse‐Prenyl Indoles.
Authors: Yokokawa Fumiaki , Sugiyama Hideyuki , Aoyama Toyohiko , Shioiri Takayuki
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Indazoles from 3‐Trimethylsilylindazole.
Authors: Hari Yoshiyuki , Shoji Yoshimichi , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Vicinal Diamine Arrays via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—O to C—N Bond Transformation.
Authors: Oshitari Tetsuta , Akagi Rumiko , Mandai Tadakatsu
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Comparative Study on the Synthesis of 3′‐Aryl‐3‐methyl/2, 3‐Dimethylspiro[6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐benzo[a]cyclohepten‐5, 2′‐(Tetrahydro[1,3]thiazolane)]‐4′‐ones Using Microwave Irradiation and Conventional Methods.
Authors: Venkateswarlu Peesapati , Vasireddy Nageswara Rao
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted 3‐Amino‐4‐hydroxythiazolidine‐2‐thiones and S,N‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Ge Ze‐mei , Cui Jia‐ling , Wang Yan‐ling , Cheng Tie‐ming , Li Run‐tao
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of Oxadiazolidinediones as Inhibitors of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1.
Authors: Gopalsamy Ariamala , Kincaid Scott L. , Ellingboe John W. , Groeling Thomas M. , Antrilli Thomas M. , Krishnamurthy Girija , Aulabaugh Ann , Friedrichs Gregory S. , Crandall David L.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Photoisomerization of 3‐Cyano‐6,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(4‐nitrophenylvinyl)‐5,6‐dihydropyran‐2‐one.
Authors: Jansone D. , Fleisher M. , Andreeva G. , Leite L. , Popelis J. , Lukevics E.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 4‐Chloro‐3‐formylcoumarin with Arylhydrazines.
Authors: Strakova I. , Petrova M. , Belyakov S. , Strakovs A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
DBU‐Induced Phenol‐Keto Resonance in 3,5‐Dihydroxyphthalide: Regioselectivities in Condensations with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes — Facile Synthesis of Bioactive Natural and Unnatural Benzopyrans.
Authors: Mondal Mukulesh , Argade Narshinha P.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of 5‐(Piperidin‐1‐yl)‐3‐phenylpentylsulfones as CCR5 Antagonists.
Authors: Shankaran K. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Allenes and Transition Metals: A Diverging Approach to Heterocycles
Authors: Brummond Kay M. , Mitasev Branko
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Oxidation of Nitriles of 4‐Aryl‐2‐carbamoylmethylthio‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carb oxylic Acids.
Authors: Baumane L. , Krauze A. , Chernova L. , Sile L. , Duburs G. , Stradins J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Sonochemical Synthesis of 3‐ and 4‐Electron Withdrawing Ring Substituted N‐Alkyl‐1,8‐naphthalimides from the Related Anhydrides.
Authors: Triboni Eduardo Rezende , Berci Filho Pedro , Gomes de Souza Berlinck Roberto , Politi Mario Jose
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Utility of Cyclic Enol Carbonates.
Authors: Maddess Matthew L. , Lautens Mark
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrathiafulvalene Based Phosphino‐Oxazolines: A New Family of Redox Active Chiral Ligands.
Authors: Rethore Celine , Fourmigue Marc , Avarvari Narcis
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Bromosuccinimide as an Almost Neutral Catalyst for Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Hazarkhani Hassan , Karimi Babak
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cadmium Chloride: An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Narsaiah A. Venkat , Basak A. K. , Nagaiah K.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical Isocyanurates by a Combination Catalyst: Sodium Saccharin and Tetrabutylammonium Iodide.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Koozehgiri Gholam R. , Dekamin Mohammad G.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Synthesis of Pentathiepino‐Fused Pyrroles and Indoles.
Authors: Konstantinova Lidia S. , Rakitin Oleg A. , Rees Charles W. , Amelichev Stanislav A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Recyclization of 2(1‐Bromostyryl)‐4‐oxo‐1,3‐benzoxazinium Perchlorate into 2,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐1,4‐benzoxazepine‐4,5‐dione.
Authors: Vikrishchuk N. P. , Suzdalev K. F. , Ryabukhin Yu. I.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structure of 1‐ and 2‐Isomers of (Trimethoxysilylmethyl)‐ and (Silatranylmethyl)benzotriazole.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Trofimova O. M. , Bolgova Yu. I. , Klyba L. V. , Larina L. I. , Albanov A. I. , Pestunovich V. A. , Chernov N. F. , Petrushenko K. B.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal‐Catalyzed Di‐tert‐butylsilylene Transfer: Synthesis and Reactivity of Silacyclopropanes
Authors: Cirakovic Jelena , Driver Tom G. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selenophene Synthesis in Thermal Reactions of Dialkyl Selenides with Acetylene in the Presence of Methanol.
Authors: Deryagina E. N. , Sukhomazova E. N. , Levanova E. P. , Korchevin N. A. , Danilova A. P.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Silastannation of Secondary Propargylic Alcohols and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Nielsen Thomas E. , Le Quement Sebastian , Tanner David
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Tandem Carbostannylation of Alkynes and 1,2‐Dienes with Alkynylstannanes.
Authors: Shirakawa Eiji , Yamamoto Youko , Nakao Yoshiaki , Oda Shinichi , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies Toward Taxuspine X (II), a Potent Multidrug‐Resistance Reversing Agent, via Ring Closing Metathesis Strategy
Authors: Renzulli Michela L. , Rocheblave Luc , Avramova Stanislava , Corelli Federico , Botta Maurizio
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimization of Allylic Oxidation of (1S,3R,8R)‐2,2‐Dichloro‐3,7,7,10‐tetramethyltricyclo [6,4,0,01,3]dodec‐9‐ene.
Authors: Dakir M. , Auhmani A. , Itto My. Y. Ait , Mazoir N. , Akssira M. , Pierrot M. , Benharref A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel 17 Substituted Pregnadiene Derivatives as 5α‐Reductase Inhibitors and Their Binding Affinity for the Androgen Receptor.
Authors: Cabeza Marisa , Flores Eugenio , Heuze Ivonne , Sanchez Mauricio , Bratoeff Eugene , Ramirez Elena , Francolugo Victor Alfonso
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
BMS‐201620: A Selective Beta 3 Agonist.
Authors: Washburn W. N. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ultrasonic Activation for the N→O Phosphoryl Migration of Phosphoryl‐Serine and ‐Threonine.
Authors: Zhang Jian Chen , Cao Shu Xia , Liao Xin Cheng , Qu Ling Bo , Zhao Yu Fen
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Reductive Alkylation of Alanylproline by the Ethyl Esters of 4‐Substituted 2‐Oxobutenoic Acids.
Authors: Slavinska V. , Sile Dz. , Chipens G. I. , Balodis Yu. , Rozenthal G. , Venteris K. , Lukevics E.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Advanced Intermediate for the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Pumiliotoxin C and Its Analogues.
Authors: Shao Zhi‐Hui , Peng Fang‐Zhi , Chen Jing‐Bo , Wang Chen‐Ying , Huang Rong , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Li Liang , Zhang Hong‐Bin
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Pyranocarbazole Analogues of Ellipticine and Acronycine.
Authors: Tran‐Thi Hong Anh , Nguyen‐Thi Thuan , Michel Sylvie , Tillequin Francois , Koch Michel , Pfeiffer Bruno , Pierre Alain , Trinh‐Van‐Dufat Hanh
Published: September 2004

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Flavones from Elsholtzia stauntonii
Authors: Kang Shuhe , Li Yanbin Wang Li , Zheng Shangzhen
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrophobic Vancomycin Derivatives with Improved ADME Properties: Discovery of Telavancin (TD‐6424).
Authors: Leadbetter Michael R. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
anti‐AIDS Agents. Part 58. Synthesis and anti‐HIV Activity of 1‐Thia‐di‐O‐(‐)‐camphanoyl‐(+)‐cis‐khellactone (1‐Thia‐DCK) Analogues.
Authors: Xia Peng , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Sodium and Potassium Tantalate Perovskite Nanocubes.
Authors: He Yu , Zhu Yongfa
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Filled with MOH (M: K, Cs) and Then Washed and Refilled with Clusters and Molecules.
Authors: Thamavaranukup Narun , Hoeppe Henning A. , Ruiz‐Gonzalez Luisa , Costa Pedro M. F. J. , Sloan Jeremy , Kirkland Angus , Green Malcolm L. H.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Potent S1P Receptor Agonists Replicate the Pharmacologic Actions of the Novel Immune Modulator FTY720.
Authors: Hale Jeffrey J. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Ordering Phenomena and Dynamic Fluctuations in Cuprate Superconductors and Insulating Nickelates
Authors: Brom Hans B. , Zaanen Jan
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxygen Diffusion in Nanocrystalline ZrO2
Authors: Brossmann U. , Knoener G. , Schaefer H.‐E. , Wuerschum R.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselection at the Steady State within Radicals — How far can we go?
Authors: Stalinski K.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydroxypyrimidines Condensation with Carbonyl Compounds. Part 2. Hydroxy‐, Sulfanyl‐, and Aminopyrimidines
Authors: Moskvin A. V. , Reznikova N. R. , Ivin B. A.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,3‐Alternate Calix[4]arene: The Sophisticated Conformer of Calix[4]arene
Authors: Pulpoka Buncha , Vicens Jacques
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Phenols on the Basis of 3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl Acetate
Authors: Bukharov S. V. , Nugumanova G. N. , Mukmeneva N. A. , Burilov A. R. , Kasymova E. M. , Pudovik M. A. , Konovalov A. I.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Functional Models for Rhodium‐Mediated Olefin‐Oxygenation Catalysis
Authors: de Bruin Bas , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Gal Anton W.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Urotensin‐II Receptor Peptide Agonists
Authors: Carotenuto Alfonso , Grieco Paolo , Novellino Ettore , Rovero Paolo
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Imidazoline Binding Sites and Their Ligands: An Overview of the Different Chemical Structures
Authors: Dardonville Christophe , Rozas Isabel
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diaryl Diselenides and Benzisoselenazol‐3(2H)‐ones as Oxygen‐Transfer Agents
Authors: Mlochowski Jacek , Brzaszcz Monika , Chojnacka Magdalena , Giurg Miroslaw , Wojtowicz Halina
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organometallic Chemistry on Oxides, Zeolites and Metals: Application to the Synthesis of Well‐Defined Catalysts
Authors: Lefebvre Frederic , Basset Jean‐Marie
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Remediation and Liquid—Liquid Phase Transfer Extraction of Chromium(VI)
Authors: Memon Shahabuddin , Roundhill D. Max , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Chirality of Self‐Assembled Systems in Solution
Authors: Mateos‐Timoneda Miguel A. , Crego‐Calama Mercedes , Reinhoudt David N.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis of Isoxazoles, Pyrazoles and Related Compounds
Authors: Yranzo G. I. , Moyano E. L.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Combined Approach Using Capillary Electrophoresis and NMR Spectroscopy for an Understanding of Enantioselective Recognition Mechanisms by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Chankvetadze Bezhan
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Systematic review of adjuvant care for women with Stage I ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Elit Laurie , Chambers Alexandra , Fyles Anthony , Covens Allan , Carey Mark , Kee Fung Michael Fung
Published: September 2004

BACKGROUND

Several adjuvant care interventions to treat women with Stage I ovarian carcinoma have been studied. The aim of the current systematic review was to determine the optimal strategy for adjuvant care for women with Stage I ovarian carcinoma.

METHODS

A systematic search was conducted to find randomized controlled trials published between 1965 and April 2004 that examined adjuvant therapy (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) for women with Stage I ovarian carcinoma.

RESULTS

Thirteen randomized controlled trials were identified that compared adjuvant therapies for women with Stage I ovarian carcinoma. Eight of these trials reported results only for patients with Stage I disease. The majority of patients in the five randomized trials that compared adjuvant chemotherapy with no chemotherapy did not receive lymphadenectomy as part of their surgical staging. The pooled results for Stage I patients indicated a survival benefit (relative risk [RR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.94; P = 0.01), and a benefit in terms of a reduced risk of developing disease recurrence (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58–0.86; P = 0.0004) favoring adjuvant chemotherapy. Platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy was reported to improve overall 5‐year survival (absolute survival difference 8%; 95% CI, 2–12%; hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.90; P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS

Adjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy for women with Stage I ovarian carcinoma improved survival and reduced the risk of recurrent disease. The optimally staged group accounted for approximately 10% of women with Stage I disease. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in optimally staged patients (especially those with good prognostic factors) has not been assessed adequately. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Invasive aspergillosis in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Ohmagari Norio , Raad Isaam I. , Hachem Ray , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P.
Published: September 2004

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) has been reported only rarely among patients with solid tumors. In the current study, the authors retrospectively identified 13 episodes of definite or probable IA (using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria) occurring in patients with solid tumors who were treated between 1994–2003. Nine patients had pulmonary IA and three patients were found to have IA of the brain. Seven patients (54%) had primary or metastatic brain tumors and 6 patients (46%) received systemic steroids within 30 days prior to the diagnosis of IA. The majority of patients (69%) had a lymphocyte count < 500/μL but only 1 patient was neutropenic within the 30 days before the diagnosis of IA was made. Nodular infiltrates and cavities were the most common radiologic findings. Seven patients (54%) responded to antifungal treatment. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Twitch and nontwitch motoneuron subgroups in the oculomotor nucleus of monkeys receive different afferent projections
Authors: Wasicky Richard , Horn Anja K.E. , Büttner‐Ennever Jean A.
Published: September 2004

Motoneurons in the primate oculomotor nucleus can be divided into two categories, those supplying twitch muscle fibers and those supplying nontwitch muscle fibers. Recent studies have shown that twitch motoneurons lie within the classical oculomotor nucleus (nIII), and nontwitch motoneurons lie around the borders. Nontwitch motoneurons of medial and inferior rectus are in the C group dorsomedial to nIII, whereas those of inferior oblique and superior rectus lie near the midline are in the S group. In this anatomical study, afferents to the twitch and nontwitch subgroups of nIII have been anterogradely labeled by injections of tritiated leucine into three areas and compared. 1) Abducens nucleus injections gave rise to silver grain deposits over all medial rectus subgroups, both twitch and nontwitch. 2) Laterally placed vestibular complex injections that included the central superior vestibular nucleus labeled projections only in twitch motoneuron subgroups. However, injections into the parvocellular medial vestibular nucleus (mvp), or Y group, resulted in labeled terminals over both twitch and nontwitch motoneurons. 3) Pretectal injections that included the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), and the olivary pretectal nucleus (OLN), labeled terminals only over nontwitch motoneurons, in the contralateral C group and in the S group. Our study demonstrates that twitch and nontwitch motoneuron subgroups do not receive identical afferent inputs. They can be controlled either in parallel, or independently, suggesting that they have basically different functions. We propose that twitch motoneurons primarily drive eye movements and nontwitch motoneurons the tonic muscle activity, as in gaze holding and vergence, possibly involving a proprioceptive feedback system. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:117–129, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low density of membrane particles in auditory hair cells of lizards and birds suggests an absence of somatic motility
Authors: Köppl Christine , Forge Andrew , Manley Geoffrey A.
Published: September 2004

Hair cells are the mechanoreceptive cells of the vertebrate lateral line and inner ear. In addition to their sensory function, hair cells display motility and thus themselves generate mechanical energy, which is thought to enhance sensitivity. Two principal cellular mechanism are known that can mediate hair‐cell motility in vitro. One of these is based on voltage‐dependent changes of an intramembrane protein and has so far been demonstrated only in outer hair cells of the mammalian cochlea. Correlated with this, the cell membranes of outer hair cells carry an extreme density of embedded particles, as revealed by freeze fracturing. The present study explored the possibility of membrane‐based motility in hair cells of nonmammals, by determining their density of intramembrane particles. Replicas of freeze‐fractured membrane were prepared from auditory hair cells of a lizard, the Tokay gecko, and a bird, the barn owl. These species were chosen because of independent evidence for active cochlear mechanics, in the form of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. For quantitative comparison, mammalian inner and outer hair cells, as well as vestibular hair, cells were reevaluated. Lizard and bird hair cells displayed median densities of 2,360 and 1,880 intramembrane particles/μm2, respectively. This was not significantly different from the densities in vestibular and mammalian inner hair cells; however, it was about half the density in of mammalian outer hair cells. This suggests that nonmammalian hair cells do not possess high densities of motor protein in their membranes and are thus unlikely to be capable of somatic motility. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:149–155, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors define subsets of olfactory progenitor cells
Authors: Manglapus Glen L. , Youngentob Steven L. , Schwob James E.
Published: September 2004

Direct damage to the olfactory epithelium by inhalation of the olfactotoxin methyl bromide activates a population of multipotent globose basal cells, which reconstitute all depleted cell populations. Because members of the basic helix‐loop‐helix family of transcription factors are known to regulate neurogenesis and cell production, we performed in situ hybridization to examine the expression of several members of that family during the recovery of the rat olfactory epithelium after methyl bromide lesion. The numbers of basal cells expressing the proneural transcriptional activators Mash1, Neurogenin1, and NeuroD all fall precipitously 1 day after lesion. Mash1 levels begin to recover by 2 days, Neurogenin1 and NeuroD by 3 days, and substantial numbers of neurons reappear by 4 days. The antineurogenic factor Hes1 is limited to the sustentacular cells of the unlesioned olfactory epithelium and to the adjoining respiratory epithelium. Immediately after methyl bromide lesion, but not at any time after bulbectomy, a large fraction of residual, marker‐confirmed globose basal cells initiate expression of Hes1. Subsequently, the Hes1‐positive cells lose their association with the basal lamina, shift apically, and differentiate into sustentacular cells. In contrast, Hes5 is expressed by a small subset of globose basal cells and by olfactory ensheathing glia in the normal mucosa; Hes5 label disappears from both transiently after lesion. In sum, the recovery of the neuronal population after peripheral lesion recapitulates the sequence of transcription factor expression observed during embryonic development of the epithelium. Moreover, expression of Hes1 marks that population of globose basal cells committed to making sustentacular cells after methyl bromide lesion. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:216–233, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decomposition of images by the anisotropic Rudin‐Osher‐Fatemi model
Authors: Esedoḡlu Selim , Osher Stanley J.
Published: September 2004

The total‐variation‐based image denoising model of Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi can be generalized in a natural way to favor certain edge directions. We consider the resulting anisotropic energies and study properties of their minimizers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastases in the pancreas from nonhematologic neoplasms: Report of 20 cases evaluated by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Volmar Keith E. , Jones Claudia K. , Xie H. Bill
Published: September 2004

We reviewed fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples of metastatic tumor in the pancreas from nonhematologic neoplasms over a 5‐year period. In 1,050 total procedures, 20 metastases were diagnosed: 9 renal‐cell carcinomas (RCCs), 3 melanomas, 2 pulmonary small‐cell carcinomas, 2 breast carcinomas, 1 prostate carcinoma, 1 colon adenocarcinoma, 1 pulmonary squamous‐cell carcinoma, and 1 gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A wide range of latency from primary diagnosis was noted; the longest was RCC at 12.6 years (range, 5–28). Sites of involvement were: 13 heads, 4 bodies, and 3 tails. Eighteen cases presented as a solitary mass. The average size was 4.7 cm (range, 1.5–9.8), and a case of RCC (9.8 cm) was the largest. In seven cases, the clinical and radiographic impression was of a pancreatic primary. We conclude that metastases to the pancreas are rarely diagnosed by FNA and may clinically mimic a pancreatic primary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:216–220. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological diagnosis of cystic brain tumors: A retrospective study of 88 cases
Authors: Hernandez Osvaldo , Zagzag David , Kelly Patrick , Golfinos John , Hummel Levine Pascale
Published: September 2004

The stereotaxic aspiration of cystic brain tumors is performed to provide cyst decompression and/or to facilitate surgical resection. The purpose of our study was to determine the diagnostic value of brain cyst fluid cytology, especially in clinically suspected recurrent tumors with no histological follow‐up (HF), when a diagnosis is most needed. We reviewed the cytological diagnoses of 88 aspirates from 70 patients with cystic brain tumors between 1995 and 2001, of which 31 had a prior known malignancy including 18 primary brain tumors (PBTs) and 13 adenocarcinomas (ACAs). Sixty‐nine of 88 aspirates were obtained intraoperatively. Nineteen of 88 aspirates were obtained from 10 patients with recurrent or persistent cystic brain tumors (8 patients with PBT and 2 patients with ACA), with available clinicoradiological correlation (magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography [MRI/CT] scans) in 13 of them. The 88 aspirates were classified in three categories: 28 positive (32%), 15 atypical (17%), and 45 negative (51%). Eight of 28 positive cases (5 case of PBT, 2 cases of ACA, and 1 case of melanoma) were given a nonspecific diagnosis of malignant neoplasm (9% of all cases). Fifteen of 28 positive cases (6 cases of PBT, 8 cases of ACA, and 1 case of melanoma) were diagnosed correctly and confirmed by HF (17% of all cases). Four of 28 cases were ACA diagnosed solely by cytology (<4% of all cases). One neurocytoma (1/28) case was mistaken for an oligodendroglioma despite cell blocks (CBs) and immunophenotyping (IPT) (<1% of all cases). Eleven of 15 atypical cases were 8 cases of PBT, 2 cases of ACA, and 1 case of postoperative change (PC). Four of 15 atypical cases (from three patients with suspected PBT recurrence) could not be further characterized by CB/IPT and had no HF. Twenty‐seven of 45 negative cases were falsely negative (23 cases of PBT, 3 cases of ACA, and 1 case of malignant neoplasm); 11/45 cases were PC, and 7/45 (from five patients with clinically suspected tumor recurrence) cases had no HF. Cytological evaluation of brain cyst fluid is not a reliable means of diagnosing cystic brain neoplasms (including recurrences) due to a high false negative rate and a low sensitivity. Most of the negative or atypical cases (68% of all cases) were recurrent PBT of glial origin that may not be prone to exfoliate. These cytological specimens consisted of lysed blood, obscuring inflammatory cells, and degenerated diagnostic cells if any, yielding inconclusive results. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:221–228. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A morphologic and statistical comparative study of small‐cell carcinoma and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy material from lymph nodes
Authors: De Las Casas Luis E. , Gokden Murat , Mukunyadzi Perkins , White Peter , Baker Sandra J. , Hermonat Paul L. , You Hong , Korourian Soheila , Malak Sharp F. , Miranda Roberto N.
Published: September 2004

Small‐cell carcinoma (SmC) and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are aggressive neoplasms that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. An immediate diagnosis can be obtained using fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) material from lymph nodes (LNs), which are clinically or radiologically suspicious for tumor involvement. However, in aspirates from LNs, the cytologic distinction of SmC from NHL can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of various cytologic features that can be used during a rapid on‐site evaluation to differentiate these two entities. Twenty‐seven metastatic SmC and 50 NHLs cases diagnosed by FNAB of LNs were reviewed. All NHL diagnoses (neck, 29; abdomen, 9; axilla, 6; groin, 5; and parotid, 1) were confirmed with tissue sections, flow cytometry, or immunohistochemistry. These cases were classified as follicular, 21 (42%); diffuse large B cell, 13 (26%); small lymphocytic, 7 (14%); mantle cell, 4 (8%); anaplastic large cell, 2 (4%); and 1 each (2%), Burkitt, lymphoplasmacytic, and peripheral T‐cell lymphomas. Immunochemistry confirmed the cytologic diagnoses of all SmC cases (neck, 16; mediastinum, 9; abdomen, 1; and axilla, 1) with either positive chromogranin or synaptophysin. All specimens were reviewed independently by three cytopathologists who were unaware of the original diagnoses. The presence and proportion of single (noncohesive) tumor cells, lymphoglandular bodies, nuclear fragments, paranuclear blue inclusions, nuclear molding, evenly dispersed fine‐granular chromatin, crush artifact, and composition of cell clusters (monomorphic vs. polymorphic) were statistically evaluated. The presence of evenly dispersed fine‐granular chromatin, paranuclear blue inclusions, and nuclear fragments was each statistically significant in differentiating SmC when compared with NHL (P < 0.01). The remaining features were not significant in distinguishing SmC from NHL in LN aspirates. The identification of distinct cytologic findings such as evenly dispersed fine‐granular chromatin, paranuclear blue inclusions, and nuclear fragments can be a valuable aid to accurately diagnose and differentiate metastatic SmC from NHL in FNAB preparations from LNs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:229–234. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.