bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Distance between Lingual Frenal Attachment and Mandibular Incisal Edge Position in Establishing Occlusal Plane in Three Different Races
Authors: Usman Jafar Abdulla Mohamed , Kesumo Arista , Shahari Nor Shazana Shahirah Binti Mohd
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

The orientation of the occlusal plane forms the basis for the arrangement of teeth conducive to satisfactory esthetics and function, making it one of the most important clinical procedures in prosthodontic rehabilitation. This study aimed to analyze and compare the vertical distance between the anterior attachment of lingual frenum (AALF) and the incisal edge of mandibular central incisors among three races in Malaysia.

Materials and Methods:

The sample consisted of 63 dentate subjects (21 Malays, 21 Chinese, and 21 Indians) who were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. Two models were made using irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, and an average of the value was obtained. Lingual frenum was recorded in function. Casts were fabricated with dental stone. AALF was marked and the vertical distance was measured using a caliper.

Results:

In Malays, the mean and standard deviation of the vertical distance were 14.2 ± 0.9 mm, with a range of 12.3–16.0 mm; in Chinese were 14.4 ± 0.9 mm, with a range of 12.0–16.9 mm; and in Indians were 15.1 ± 1.0 mm, with a range of 13.0–17.2 mm. The difference among the three races regarding the distance between AALF and the incisal edge of mandibular central incisors was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among the three races, Malays and Indians have the greatest mean difference.

Conclusion:

According to the results of the current study, the distance between AALF and the incisal edge of mandibular central incisors might be a proper criterion for the initial adjustment of occlusal rims. The values obtained from three different races were significantly different from one another, hence a different range of values was used to establish occlusal height for different races.
Splenic Injuries in Native Africans
Authors: Ogbuanya Aloysius Ugwu-Olisa , Ajuluchuku Uzoamaka Esther , Nnadozie Ugochukwu Uzodimma , Otuu Onyeyirichi , Umezurike Daniel Akuma , Kwento Nwanneka
Published: November 2022

Background:

Splenic trauma has emerged as a major global health burden, especially in developing nations with limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. The current trend toward nonoperative management (NOM) and adoption of splenic salvage whenever feasible calls for local evaluation of our current practice. The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology and outcomes of management of splenic injuries in our setting.

Patients and Methods:

This was a multicenter, prospective study of epidemiology and outcomes of patients with splenic injuries recruited over 10 years in southeast Nigeria.

Results:

Approximately 66% of all patients with abdominal injuries sustained splenic trauma. A total of 313 patients with splenic trauma were recruited; 226 (72.2%) were managed operatively (OM) and 87 (27.8%) conservatively (NOM). Majority (75.7%) had blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), while 24.3% sustained penetrating injuries. Sonographic grading showed that 46 (14.7%), 58 (18.5%), 79 (25.2%), 106 (33.9%), and 24 (7.7%) patients had grades I, II, III, IV, and V injuries, respectively. Isolated splenic injuries occurred in 172 (55%) patients, and the rest (141, 45%) had associated intra-abdominal injuries. Two-thirds (67.1%) were aged 16–45 years. In the OM group, 178 (78.7%) had total splenectomy, while 48 (21.3%) had splenic salvage. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.022) in the rate of postoperative complications between the splenectomy and splenorrhaphy groups. The overall mortality rate was 4.5%. Major predictors of morbidity and mortality were high-grade splenic injuries, total splenectomy, multiple injuries, advanced age, and comorbidities.

Conclusion:

Splenic injuries complicate approximately two-thirds of all abdominal injuries in our environment and majority of these injuries were due to BAT. In this study, majority had OM and splenic salvage rate was relatively low.
A Comparative Study of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% with Morphine and Dexmedetomidine in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries
Authors: Ashfi Shadab , Haque Azizul , Kumar Mukesh , Lakra Ladhu
Published: November 2022

Background:

Pain and its alleviation have been a challenge for humans for centuries. Sub arachnoid block is most commonly practiced method for anaesthesia for lower limb surgeries. Adjuvants like opioids and alpha 2 agonists have proven benefits in augmentation of effects of local anaesthetics for spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of morphine and dexmedetomidine for sub arachnoid block in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.

Material and Methods:

This is a prospective randomised controlled trial done in 120 patients who were posted for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Along with bupivacaine, Group A received intrathecal dexmedetomidine while group B received intrathecal morphine.

Results:

the demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. The mean duration of motor block in Group A was 359.33 ± 34.4 and in Group B was 265.71 ± 28.47. The duration of rescue analgesia was almost double in Group A as compared to Group B with P < 0.0001 (CL 95%).

Conclusion:

Intrathecal dexmedetomidine and morphine both provided good postoperative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine provided a longer duration of analgesia than morphine, thereby increasing the time for first rescue analgesia, but at the cost of greater side effects.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance Among the Second-Year MBBS Students
Authors: Suryawanshi Sonali Pradeep , Dawane Jayshree Shriram , Pandit Vijaya Anil , Khatavkar Pallawi Shashank
Published: November 2022

Antibiotic resistance is the burning issue and to curtail it is the need of the time, efforts are going on in all the direction. It is essential to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the medical undergraduate about the antimicrobial use and resistance for doing modifications in the current methods of teaching for encouraging the rational use.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of self medication practices of antibiotics among the second year medical students. To evaluate the knowledge of medical students about antibiotic resistance. To explore the solutions to curb the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Material and Methods:

A Cross sectional, Unicentric, observational, questionnaire based survey study carried out from June 2021 to Sept 2021. Conventional sample method was used and phase II MBBS students willing to take part in the study were included. After obtaining the IEC clearance study was started. Questionnaire was prepared consisting of the various aspects like knowledge, attitude and perception of the antimicrobial use and resistance. The questionnaire was validated by subject experts for its content and relevance and the necessary changes were incorporated in the final one. The questionnaire was distributed as a Google form before they receive any teaching on antibiotics in their pharmacology classes as a Pre-test and after the exposure as post-test. Participation was voluntary and they were asked to complete the questionnaire anonymously. Returning of the completed Google form was accepted as consent by the participating students. Statistical analysis done with software SPSS.

Results:

Students had the knowledge about antibiotics and resistance. They had consumed it in last one year and completed the course of the antibiotics is the positive outcome. Small number shows confusion about use during viral infection, in pain, during cough& cold. Causes of antibiotic resistance needs special attention. In 20% it was not clear that skipping the doses can contribute to antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusion:

Repeated knowledge intervention are essential to increase the awareness of the problem arising due to the irrational use even to the undergraduate students.
Quality and Regulation Standards for Positron Emission Tomography Equipment and Bone Marrow Cell Separator as Medical Devices in India
Authors: Pandey Nidhi , Jain Gaurav Kumar , Thakkar Arti R , Walia Ramanpreet
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Indian medical devices regulations have drastic changes since 2018. Few amendments have been incorporated in 2020. However, certain devices which are still not regulated and there are no quality checkpoints available for scrutiny from Central Drug Standard Control Organization, Delhi. This manuscript aims to provide quality checklist for two medical devices, positron emission tomography equipment, and bone marrow cell separator which are neither categorized nor regulated by the central drug standard control organization, Delhi.

Methods:

The quality checklist for the selected medical devices has been prepared by the survey based evaluation and quality tests have been identified by various methods available in the literature for checking risks associated with medical devices.

Results and Discussion:

Following quality checklist steps such as designing of primary checklist, quality assurance parameter evaluation for pet medication fabricating plant and equipment qualification criteria was identified with cross referencing and literature search.

Conclusion:

the new regulations would increase the accountability of the manufacturers and the importers to provide an assurance of safety to the customer. It needs to be incentivized by giving preference in public healthcare procurement instead of seeking USFDA and CE approvals. For the import of medical devices, the application should be reviewed based on risk analysis as suggested for these two devices. Further, local manufacturing of medical devices should be encouraged in India for reduced the cost of the medical devices.
A Layman Approach to Adopt COVID-19 Appropriate Behaviour and Vaccination
Authors: Randhi Uma Devi , Balakrishna Kolli , Tammina Benarji Patrudu , Jangal Swaraj , Chandu Koya Bala
Published: November 2022

Everyone is aware of the continuing global health catastrophe caused by the advent of a new virus that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is the cause of the viral disease COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was first discovered in bats in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and then spread to humans via an unknown intermediary host (animal). The virus can be passed directly from an infected person to a healthy person nearby or indirectly by contact with infected droplets. Fever, sore throat, cough, exhaustion, and dyspnea are the most common symptoms of the condition, while many patients remain asymptomatic. In most cases, the situation is moderate, but it can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure. Although the transmission rate is high, the fatality rate is 2–3%. The diagnostic method of the disease uses some molecular tests of the samples from an infected person. The preventive measures include using mask, maintaining social distance, home quarantine, and frequent handwashing with soap and sanitizer with a high percentage of alcohol. This review may assist each individual in raising awareness about COVID-19 and make them responsible for battling the pandemic on a personal level to maintain a healthy environment. To control the spreading of the virus, vaccination and the availability of vaccines play an important role. By the quest, various vaccines are in the market and some more are in the trial stage. Hence, different available vaccines are also highlighted. The present review discusses the details regarding the coronavirus's origin, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination details.
Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Activity of a Novel Polyherbal preparation against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Rats and its Formulation into a Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Jayaraju K. Jyothsna , Ishaq B. Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Context:

Diabetes is estimated to affect 79.4 million individuals in India by 2030.

Aim:

A polyherbal mixture containing hydroalcoholic extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) bark, Eugenia jambolana (EJ) seed, Vinca rosea (VR) entire plant, and Gymnema sylvestre (GS) leaves was tested for anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective properties in different proportions.

Materials and Methods:

In normal and diabetic rats, the anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated. Male and female Albino Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were utilized in the experiment. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce diabetes. Group 1 acts as a normal control, Group 2 as a diabetic control, and Group 3 as a standard control, all animals of Group 3 were given Glibenclamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg p. o. Diabetic rats in groups 4–7 and 8–11 were given polyherbal preparations (PHPs) containing a combination of the above-mentioned plants in different proportions at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for dosage optimization and to determine the most efficacious and safe dose. The treatments were administered for a total of 28 days. Blood was drawn on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days to determine diabetic and hepatoprotective indicators such as body weight, blood glucose (BGL) levels, liver glycogen, total protein, urea, creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. On the 28th day of the research, rats were sacrificed, and the pancreas examined for histological results.

Results:

BGL levels and serum liver enzymes were significantly reduced when a polyherbal mixture including CZ: EJ: VR: GS: 2: 1: 2: 2 at 400 mg/kg was administered. The optimum PHP ratio was then translated into tablet formulations (F1-F9) and tested for quality control characteristics. The weight, hardness, thickness, friability, and disintegration time of polyherbal tablets were all found to be within acceptable pharmacopeial parameters. Formulation F8, which included 20% sodium starch glycolate, had a disintegration time of 291 s. Formulation F8 was further tested for description, hardness, friability, and disintegration time during a 3-month accelerated stability testing. The results of a short-term stability investigation were likewise positive and comparable to the original formulation.

Conclusion:

As a result, the produced polyherbal formulation F8 may be utilized as a solid dosage form that is stable, patient-friendly, and cost-effective.
Clinicopathological Spectrum of Ophthalmic Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Patel Nirali , Mushtaq Iqra , Lad Yesha Parimalbhai , Iqbal Banyameen , Singh Madhuri , Gore Charusheela Rajesh
Published: November 2022

Background:

The knowledge of the spectrum of ophthalmic lesions would be helpful to ophthalmologists and pathologists in shaping the strategy for the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic lesions.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the morphological, clinical, and histological diversity of ocular lesions, as well as the frequency and incidence of ocular lesions in a tertiary care hospital, and to compare these findings with those of similar studies conducted worldwide.

Materials and Methods

It is a retrospective study of patients reporting ophthalmic complaints in the department of ophthalmology at a tertiary care center in western Maharashtra from 2015 to 2022.

Results

The majority of cases were in 31 to 40 years of age with an m: f ratio was 1:1. Eyelid was the most common site affecting 45 cases (45%), followed by periorbital and cornealconjunctiva in 20 cases each (20%). The majority of cases (52%), which were nonneoplastic lesions, were benign (34%) and malignant (14%). Infectious lesions were most frequent among nonneoplastic lesions (55.77%), followed by inflammatory lesions (30.77%), cystic lesions (11.54%), and hemorrhagic lesions (1.92%). Among the benign lesions, pterygium was the most common (32.35%), followed by dermoid cysts (17.65%). Sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most frequent of the malignant lesions (28.57%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (21.43% each).

Conclusion

The most frequent lesions in our study were nonneoplastic, followed by benign and malignant lesions. In 85% of cases, the clinical and histological diagnoses matched. Clinicopathological correlation has benefitted in the early diagnosis and management of ophthalmic lesions.
Promoting active learning and student engagement in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: November 2022

Medical student is expected to acquire a significant amount of knowledge during their training period and this becomes major stress for them. The purpose of the current review was to understand the need for active learning and student engagement and identify the various tools or strategies to promote student engagement. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine, and a total of 21 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include student engagement and medical education in the title alone only. Student engagement is a crucial aspect to ensure active learning as it aids in stimulating and enhancing the ability of students to comprehend the concepts and apply them. As we envisage interactive teaching should be the new norm in medical education delivery, it becomes a crucial factor that medical teachers should use appropriate tools/vignettes to ensure student engagement. To conclude, considering the complexities in medical education, ensuring student engagement during the teaching–learning session is of paramount importance. It becomes the responsibility of the teachers to employ various strategies and tools to engage students in the class, as it will help them to acquire knowledge and skills better and will eventually prepare them for their future competent medical practitioner.
Phytochemical analysis and potential applications of the ethanol and aqueous-ethanol extracts of some selected plant in family Zingiberaceae plants for cosmeceutical and health-promoting food
Authors: Powthong Pannapa , Lektrakul Warangkana , Juntrapanukorn Bajaree , Luprasong Chitradee , Monton Chaowalit
Published: November 2022

Background:

The rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many Asian nations, and their therapeutic properties have been acknowledged in many traditional recipes.

Aims and Objectives:

Investigate the in vitro biological effect of the aqueous-ethanol and ethanol crude extract received from three medicinal plants in the family Zingiberaceae.

Materials and Methods:

Three species of Zingiberaceae plants including Curcuma longa L., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) and Curcuma aromatica Salisb.were gathered and evaluated for their phytochemical contents, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant characteristics using the aqueous-ethanol (30:70%) and ethanol (95%) extraction and varying according to single and mixed extracts (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 ratio respectively) for determining the synergistic effects.

Results:

It was indicated that extracts of the three selected plant contained at least 5 from 13 phytochemical constituents. The single aqueous-ethanol extract of C. aromatica Salisb. and synergy achieved at 1:1:1 ratio of aqueous-ethanol extract showed the highest effective anti-inflammatory activity. The greatest antioxidant activity was found in a single ethanol extract of C. zedoaria (Christm.) and synergistically obtained at a 1:1:1 ratio of aqueous-ethanol extract. Furthermore, we discovered that combination extract produced greater outcomes than utilizing the mono extract alone.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate that screening for chosen Zingiberaceae plant extracts is a favorable representation of the value of screening for cosmetically and medicinal purposes.
Development of a model for predicting mortality of breast cancer admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Huang Renfeng , Wu Wanming , Guo Yan , Ou Linyang , Gong Xumeng , Yang Chuansheng , Lei Ruiwen
Published: November 2022

Background: There is still not a mortality prediction model built for breast cancer admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).

Objectives: We aimed to build a prognostic model with comprehensive data achieved from eICU database.

Methods: Outcome was defined as all-cause in-hospital mortality. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was conducted to select important variables which were then taken into logistic regression to build the model. Bootstrap method wasthen conducted for internal validation.

Results: 448 patients were included in this study and 79 (17.6%) died in hospital. Only 5 items were included in the model and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.844 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.804-0.884). Calibration curve and Brier score (0.111, 95% CI: 0.090-0.127) showed good calibration of the model. After internal validation, corrected AUC and Brier score were 0.834 and 0.116. Decision curve analysis (DCA) also showed effective clinical use of the model. The model can be easily assessed on website of https://breastcancer123.shinyapps.io/BreastCancerICU/.

Conclusions: The model derived in this study can provide an accurate prognosis for breast cancer admitted to ICU easily, which can help better clinical management.

Keywords: Breast neoplasms; intensive care unit; prognosis.
Investigation of 13q14.3 deletion by cytogenetic analysis and FISH technique and miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1 by real time PCR in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Yılmaz Melike , Dilhan Kuru R , Erdoğan Isil , Soysal Teoman , Hacıhanefioglu Seniha , Baykara Onur
Published: November 2022

Background: The most frequent cytogenetic aberration is 13q14.3 deletion in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). HsamiR-15a/hsa-miR-16-1 are tumor suppressor miRNAs encoded from 13q14.3 region.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the 13q14.3 deletion using molecular and cytogenetic techniques and association with miRNA-15a/miRNA-16-1.

Materials And Methods: We used peripheral blood samples of 30 CLL patients who were either induced and or non-induced with DSP30+IL-2 to determine 13q14.3 deletion by karyotyping and iFISH. Expression levels of hsa-miR-15a/miR-16-1 were measured using qRT PCR and compared with deletions.

Results: 13q14.3 deletion was detected in 8.6% of cases by karyotyping and in 65% by iFISH. Mosaic forms (monoallelic+biallelic) were observed in 50% of cases. Besides determining common chromosome abnormalities such as add(2)(q37), t(2;7) (p11.2;q22), del(6)(q13q21), del(6)(q25), add(9)(q21), del(11)(q23), t(11;14)(q13;q32), del(13)(q11q12), del(13)(q12q14), add(14)(q23), del(14)(q23), t(14;19)(q32;q13.1), del(15)(q23), del(17)(p12), t(18;22)(q21;q11.2), add(21)(p13) and t(17;21)(q11.2;122), we also determined t(1;13)(q32;q34), inv(2)(p25q21), del(13)(q22q32), t(14;19) (q24;q13), dup(17)(q21q23), der(21;21)(p13;p13) which have not been reported previously. Mitotic index data was found statistically significant and DSP30+IL-2 increased mitotic index by 2.5 folds. Association between decreased miR-16-1 expression and deletions was statistically significant.

Conclusion: We suggest that cytogenetic and iFISH analyses are complementary and use of DSP30+IL-2 is effective .in CLL. Decreased expression of hsa-miR-16-1 is remarkable.

Keywords: CLL; miR-15a/miR-16-1; 13q14.3 deletion.
Quality of life among cancer patients at Queen Elizabeth and Kamuzu Central Hospitals in Malawi: a cross-sectional double-center study
Authors: Chiwanda Banda Jonathan , B Chagomerana Maganizo , Udedi Michael , Sinjani Muula Adamson
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Many cancer patients experience psychosocial challenges that affect quality of life during the trajectory of their disease process. We aimed at estimating quality of life among cancer patients at two major tertiary hospitals in Malawi.

Methods: The study was conducted among 398 cancer patients using semi-structured questionnaire. Quality of life was measured using EQ-5D-3L instrument.

Results: Mean age was 45 years ± 12.77. Pain (44%) was the most prevalent problem experienced by cancer patients. About 23% had worst imaginable health status on the subjective visual analogues scale. Attending cancer services at QECH (AOR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.17-0.54, p<0.001) and having normal weight (AOR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.74, p = 0.012), were associated with improved quality of life. A history of ever taken alcohol (AOR= 2.36, 95% CI: 1.02-5.44, p = 0.045) and multiple disease comorbidities (AOR= 3.78, 95% CI: 1.08-13.12, p = 0.037) were associated with poor quality of life.

Conclusion: Loss of earning, pain, marital strife, sexual dysfunction, were among the common psychosocial challenges experienced. History of ever taken alcohol and multiple comorbidities were associated with poor quality of life. There is need to integrate psychosocial solutions for cancer patients to improve their quality of life and outcomes.

Keywords: Cancer patients; quality of life.
Association between physical exercise and all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xinmin , Wu Zhen , Li Ning
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Physical activity is recommended in guidelines for treatment for diabetes, but the association between physical activity and mortality among diabetic patients has not been extensively studied.

Methods: Databases were searched from inception to July 10, 2020. Prospective studies were selected to evaluate the association between physical activity and risk for total and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality among diabetic patients. Data were pooled using random-effect model to calculate the relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: We included 16 eligible studies involving with 155,203 diabetic participants and 13,821 cases of death. Our study suggested that physical activity in diabetic patients may decrease risk for all-cause (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.67) and CVD mortality (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.68). The summary RR for CVD events was 0.65 (95% CI 0.41-1.03). Furthermore, the reductions in all-cause mortality were more significant in diabetic patients with old age (> 60 years) (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29 -0.75), higher body mass index (BMI ≥ 28) (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.42-0.69) and shorter duration of diabetes (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.84).

Conclusion: Physical activity reduced the risk of total and CVD mortality among patients with diabetes, in particular in diabetic patients with old age (> 60 years), obesity and shorter duration of diabetes.

Keywords: Physical activity; mortality; CVD; diabetes.
Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction among long-distance commercial vehicle drivers and commercial motorcycle riders in Ibadan Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Adesola Adekunle , Imhasoloeva Martins , Akinsulore Adesanmi
Published: November 2022

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a global public health problem that affects the quality of life, interpersonal, occupational, and social functioning of sufferers. Despite being high-risk groups, there is a paucity of data on erectile dysfunction among commercial vehicle drivers and motorcycle riders.

Objectives: We aimed to determine and compare the prevalence and factors associated with ED among long-distance commercial vehicle drivers (CVDs) and commercial motorcycle riders (CMRs) in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: We used a comparative cross-sectional study design to enroll eligible male respondents in selected motor/motorcycle parks within Ibadan metropolis. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to elicit sociodemographic/health-related characteristics, and ED status among participants. Data was analyzed using STATA version 12. Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were conducted to explore the association between ED and other covariates. Analyses were performed at 5% significance level.

Results: The prevalence of ED was significantly higher among motorcycle riders than vehicle drivers (71.4% vs 47.4%, p =0.001). Predictors of ED among CMRs were monogamous marriage type and history of perineal injury; while among CVRs were aged above 40-years, history of perineal injury, and current use of alcohol.

Conclusion: There is a need for public education and awareness programmes on ED to reduce the burden and improve well-beingin these populations.

Keyword: Erectile dysfunction; commercial motorcycle riders; long-distance commercial vehicle drivers; Southwest Nigeria.
Association of the IL-4R Q576R Polymorphism with Pediatric Asthma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xiwu , Hu Jinhui , Li Kaiwei , Liu Sheng , Ye Qin , Cao Baocen
Published: November 2022

Background: The relationship between Q576R polymorphism of IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) gene and pediatric asthma risk is still undefined. To this end, this meta-analysis was performed to explore the above controversy.

Methods: In this study, we systemically retrieved CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct and Pub Med to collect relevant researches, followed by calculation of odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). STATA 12.0 software was employed in this meta-analysis.

Results: We found an association between IL-4R Q576R polymorphism and pediatric asthma risk (GG vs AA: OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.89-7.45; AG vs AA: OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.36-3.39; the dominant model: OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.42-3.57;the recessive model: OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.54-6.05). Moreover, there was no obvious publication bias.

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that G allele of IL-4R Q576R polymorphism is associated with increased risk of pediatric asthma. Anyhow, delicately-designed, large-scale studies should be conducted to further confirm the current outcomes.

Keywords: IL-4; Asthma; Meta-analysis.
Plasma soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 acts as a new biomarker for NSTEMI and STEMI patients
Authors: Ali Sheikh Md Sayed
Published: November 2022

Objective: The diagnostic significance of plasma soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(sLOX-1) for non-ST segment elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) were explored by this study.

Methods: In this study, 107 acute NSTEMI, 223 acute STEMI and 107 healthy subjects, and hypoxic (1%02) ventricular cardiomyocytes H9c2 were used.

Results: The significantly up-regulated plasma sLOX-1 levels in acute NSTEMI and STEMI patients compared to healthy subjects (p<0.001). Both male and female NSTEMI and STEMI groups had remarkably higher concentrations of plasma sLOX-1 levels than controls (p<0.001). The circulating levels of sLOX-1 expression obviously elevated in elderly aging (60-75 years) than younger aging (30-45 years) both male and female in healthy subjects as well as NSTEMI and STEMI (p<0.001). Altered levels of sLOX-1 in blood plasma revealed a significant discrimination with high sensitivity and specificity between healthy with NSTEMI and STEMI subjects with AUC= 0.916 and AUC= 0.925 respectively. Moreover, LOX-1 levls were highly released from 6hour, 12hour and 18hour hypoxic injured H9c2 cells than normoxic cell (p<0.001),reflected circulating plasma sLOX-1 in AMI patients.

Conclusion: Elevated levels of plasma sLOX-1concentrations might be used as a clinical biomarker for early recognition of NSTEMI and STEMI patients. Multicenter larger scale studies are necessary before use in clinical practice.

Keywords: Myocardial infarction; sLOX-1; biomarker; H9c2 cells.
The determination of adherence to fluid control and symptoms of patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Kaplan Ali , Karadağ Songül
Published: November 2022

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to determine the adherence of hemodialysis (HD) patients with fluid control and the symptoms they experienced.

Method: The data of the study were collected between October 2015 and January 2016 and totally 596 patients undergoing hemodialysis were included in the study. The data of the study were collected by using Patient Information Form, Fluid Control Scale on Hemodialysis Patients (FCSHP), and Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI).

Results: Total mean score patients received from FCSHP was 48.68±4.43, score of the subscale information was 18.85±2.24, score of the subscale behavior was 21.28±3.23, and score of the subscale attitude was 8.54±1.56. Mean score obtained by them from DSI was calculated as 65.07±2.17.Symptoms that patients experience most frequently were found as feeling tired or decreased energy, pins and needles in feet, and having difficulty in falling into sleep. The patients with high adherence to fluid control were found to have less symptoms.

Conclusion: It was recommended to assess periodically adherence to fluid control in individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment and symptoms they experience and to provide training and consultancy by addressing those having difficulty in adherence to fluid control.

Keywords: Hemodialysis; fluid control; adherence; symptom; nursing.
Current practice of family planning among teachers in public secondary school in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: O Okafor Charles , Afiah Mohd Zulkefli Nor , Ganesh Muthiah Sri
Published: November 2022

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the current practice level of family planning and the associated factors among public secondary school teachers in Enugu East Senatorial District.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among public secondary school teachers, aged 18 - 60 years, in Enugu East Senatorial District, using probability proportional to size sampling and systematic random sampling to select 1000 participants. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine association. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance.

Results: The current practice level of family planning is 26.5%. Respondents with bachelor in education were 2 times more likely to be a current user of family planning (AOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.25-4.55). However, respondents in age group 38 years and above were less likely to be a current user of family planning (AOR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.95), likewise female respondents (AOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.44-0.98). Additionally, respondents who mentioned radio (AOR=0.64; 95%CI: 0.44-0.93), social media (AOR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.53-0.99) and healthcare (AOR=0.61; 95%CI: 0.43-0.88) as source of information were less likely to be current user of family planning. Whereas, partner who encouraged the use of family planning (AOR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.71-3.78) span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-weight:bold">, partner who allow each other to decide on family planning methods (AOR=4.47; 95% CI: 2.67-7.48) and those who had good knowledge of family planning (AOR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.40-2.67) were more likely to be current user of family planning.

Conclusion: The level of current practice of family planning is low and a significant number of factors predict the current practice of family planning. A family planning educational workshop among teachers is needed to improve teacher’s knowledgeon family planning to address the issue of adolescent sexual reproduction as teachers are vessels of knowledge impartation to students.

Keywords: Teachers; Family Planning; Current Practice; Predictors; Nigeria.
Factors affecting 90-day mortality in community and hospital acquired pneumonia patients with or without acute kidney injury
Authors: Hoşgün Derya , Aydemir Semih
Published: November 2022

Background: AKI is a significant risk factor for mortality. Inflammatory markers are commonly used in the prediction of prognosis in pneumonia patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of AKI in hospitalized CAP and HAP patients and to investigate the role of inexpensive, practical, routinely measured serum biomarkers in predicting 90-day mortality.

Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included 381 patients in CAP patients and HAP patients who were hospitalized in our Chest Diseases clinic or ICU.

Results: Ninety-day mortality occurred in 115 (30.2%) patients (CAP, 28.7%; HAP, 34.7%). AKI was detected in 25.5% of the patients. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the 90-day mortality risk was 0.931, 1.05, 0.607, and 1.999 times greater in patients with an increased APACHE II score and increased WBC, 1-h creatinine, and 48-h creatinine levels, respectively. In CAP patients, the 90-day mortality risk was 0.296, 0.539, and 1.966 times greater in patients with an increased CURB-65 score and elevated 1-h and 48-h creatinine levels, respectively. In HAP patients, however, the 90-day mortality risk was 3.554 times greaterin patients with an increased 48-h creatinine level.

Conclusion: Novel practical scoring systems based on serum creatinine levels are needed for the prediction of long-term prognosis in pneumonia patients.

Keywords: Community Acquired Pneumonia; Hospital Acguired Pneumonia; Acute Kidney İnjury.
The association between blood, urine, respiratory, neurobehavioral parameters and occupational exposure to organophosphorus pesticides: a cross-sectional study among formulators
Authors: Amin Rashidi Mohammad , Asilian Mahabadi Hassan , Khavanin Ali , Tajik Leila
Published: November 2022

Background: Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are one of the most extensively used chemical compounds all over the world.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether occupational exposure of the formulators to the OP pesticides, under normal working conditions, is associated with any hematotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and respirotoxic responses among them.

Methods: 28 OP formulation plant workers and 17 office workers participated in this cross-sectional study as the exposed and control groups, respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure hematological, biochemical, and urinalysis parameters. American thoracic society questionnaire and spirometry tests were employed to assess the function of their respiratory system. Q16 questionnaire was also used to investigate the prevalence of neurobehavioral symptoms. The data were analyzed by SPSS v.22 software using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, T-test, Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square, Fisher, Pearson, and Spearman tests.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found in hematological, biochemical, urinalysis (except in specific gravity), spirometry parameters, as well as respiratory and neurobehavioral symptoms between the exposed and the control groups. For the exposed group, however, the means of spirometry parameters were significantly lower among the smokers.

Conclusions: In this study, the expected adverse health effects due to exposure to OP pesticides were not observed among the formulators; however, the risk of developing respiratory dysfunction was found to be more considerable among smoker subjects than the non-smoker ones. Further investigations are required to determine whether formulators’ occupational exposures to OP pesticides result in certain adverse health effects.

Keywords: Pesticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Blood; Urine; Lung.
Unusual anatomical variations of the hepatic arteries and bile ducts: What are the surgical implications
Authors: Umugwaneza Nathalie , Byiringiro Fidele , Ndahimana Paul , Ivang Andrew , Nyundo Martin , Ntirenganya Faustin , Gashegu Julien
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The knowledge of anatomy is essential for surgical safety and impacts positively on patients’ outcomes. Surgeons operating on the liver and bile ducts should keep in mind the normal anatomy and its variations as the latter are common.

Case Presentation: We conducted a structured surgical dissection course of the supra-colic compartment of the abdominal cavity on 2nd and 3rd October 2020. While dissecting a 46years-old male cadaver, we encountered unusual anatomical variations of the hepatic arterial branching, the biliary tree, and arterial supply to the common bile duct. The common hepatic artery was dividing into two branches: a common short trunk for the left hepatic artery and the right gastric artery (hepato-gastric trunk) and a common trunk for the right hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery (hepato-gastroduodenal trunk). The right hepaticduct was duplicated with a main right hepatic duct and an additional smaller duct. The bile duct was supplied by an artery coming from the abdominal aorta.

Conclusion: We described three unusual anatomical variations: a variation of the hepatic arteries branching pattern, an aberrant right hepatic duct, and blood supply to the bile duct from the abdominal aorta. Surgeons should be aware of these rare variations.

Keywords: (MeSH terms); Hepatic artery; Bile duct; variation; Surgical implication.
The knowledge and use of insecticide treated nets (INTs) among rural dwellers in Ivo L.G.A, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Uhuo Emmanuel Nnaemeka , Godwin Kingsley Okechukwu , Alaebo Prince Okechukwu , Obike Chiemeziem Adanna
Published: November 2022

Effective uses of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are considered key to the elimination of malaria among vulnerable populations. Several studies have revealed that the degree of awareness, ownership, and consistent use of ITNs by rural dwellers differ from one area or region to the other. The aim of the study was to determine the awareness of ITNs and factors affecting their use among rural dwellers in Ivo L.G.A of Ebonyi State. Simple survey method was adopted for the study. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were given out to respondents; however, 276 respondents representing 92% of the sample size returned their questionnaires. The data generated was analyzed and represented in simple frequency table and simple bar chart using IBM SPSS statistical package. The result indicated that majority of the respondents in the study area had vast knowledge of ITNs. Relationship between educational level, age, occupation of respondents and knowledge of ITNs was observed. The result showed that age, educational status, and educational status of rural dwellers were significantly associated with their knowledge of ITNs in Ivo LGA. Majority (72.5%) of the respondents in the study area had vast knowledge about ITNs, while minority (27.5%) had little or no knowledge of ITNs. The knowledge of ITNs by rural dwellers in Ivo LGA was independent of gender of the rural dwellers. A study to assess the actual use and impact of utilization of ITNs among children, pregnant mothers, nursing mothers, the adolescents, and the aged in Ivo communities is recommended.
Metal Analysis and Fuel Potentials of Irvingia gabonensis Seed
Authors: Ugwu Kenechukwu Emmmanuel , Ugwu Kenechukwu Emmmanuel , Ezema Chidimma Grace
Published: November 2022

Irvingia gabonensis seeds yield a large amount of oil which can be evaluated for its fuel potential. In this study, Irvingia gabonensis seeds were analysed for their chemical composition. The analysis was carried out on the seeds using standard methods. Selected metals were determined in the seeds by dry ashing method using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Oil was extracted with n-hexane by sonication. Biodiesel (methyl esters) was produced from the oil by transesterification. The relative abundance of some fatty acid methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The fuel properties of the oil methyl ester (biodiesel) were tested using standard methods. The results showed that the average moisture content was 3.21%, ash level was 1.73%, crude fat was 52.67%, while crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate contents were 2.63, 7.31 and 10.15% respectively. The seeds contained Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd which were in various amounts.  Linoleic acid and methyl ester had the highest abundance at 48% respectively while oleic acid was of least abundance at 1.2%. The fuel properties showed that the properties of biodiesel from Irvingia gabonensis were within the acceptable quality standards for application in diesel engines.
Forensic appraisal of leg length as a predictor for determination of Nigerian students’ body height
Authors: Musa Adekunle I. , Ogedengbe Temitayo S. , Adeleke Ademola E. , Ajayeoba Abiola O. , Qutubuddin Syed M. , Okokpujie Imhade P.
Published: November 2022

Appraisal of body height (Bh) from leg length (LL) and other anthropometric parts of an individual is very important in the identification of human skeletal remains. The objective of this study was to develop a model for the estimation of Bhmale, Bhfemale and Bhcombined. The study was conducted in three selected tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria with a total of 324 students (162 male and 162 female) using the snowball techniques where the Bh and LL of the students were measured using stadiometer and sliding caliper. The data were analysed statistically using statistical package for social sciences v 21 software. The result showed mean values of 168.49 ± 9.19 cm of Bhmale, 168.15 ± 8.66 cm Bhfemale and 168.32±8.91 cm Bhcombined. Similarly, the mean values of 96.40±7.29 cm LLmale, 96.27±6.96 cm LLfemale and 96.33 ± 7.12 cm LLcombined were found. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination, R2 was determined as 76.0%, 19.1% and 44.3%, respectively. Three regression models were formulated to determine the Bhmale, Bhfemale and Bhcombined with LLmale, LLfemale and LLcombined as the predictors. It was concluded that this formulated model could be a veritable tool for the development of forensic anthropological studies for Nigerian student population.
Work environment and job performance variable as factors influencing library personnel turnover intentions in private university libraries in South-South, Nigeria.
Authors: Odiachi Rosemary Anwuli
Published: November 2022

The study looked at work environment and job performance as factors influencing library personnel turnover intentions in private university libraries in Nigeria’s South-South region. The correlational survey design was used in the study. The study included 113 library personnel, including 39 professionals, 46 paraprofessionals, and 28 support staff. A questionnaire created by the researcher was used to collect data. The on-the-spot mode of data collection was used. A total of 103 copies of the 113 copies of the questionnaire were obtained, resulting in a 91.15 percent return rate. To analyze data derived from the research questions, descriptive statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlational Coefficient (r) (PPMCC) were used. The findings of the study show that there is a high relationship (r = 64) between work environment and turnover intentions and a medium relationship (r = 0.41) between job performance and turnover intentions and a high relationship (r = 64) between motivation and turnover intentions of library personnel in private university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. The study recommends that private university managers should make the library working environment conducive by providing and making available amenities such as well-furnished offices with modern cabinets and furniture, air-conditioner fans, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The private university library managers should ensure that library personnel who perform credibly, very well, and stand out in their job responsibilities are recognised, recommended, rewarded, and compensated monetarily and otherwise.