bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of Cobalt Methylmalonate Complexes, CoClN4O7C10H28 and CoCl2N4O5.5C11H28, Models for Metal Complexes of γ‐Carboxyglutamic Acid.
Authors: PERKINS C. M. , ROSE N. J. , STENKAMP R. E.
Published: May 2016

The methylmalonato complex (IV) crystallizes in the space group P21/c with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxoanion‐Supported Metal Carbonyls: Synthesis and Characterization of (((OC)2Rh)5(Nb2W4O19)2)3‐, (((OC)2Rh)3(Nb2W4O19)2)5‐, (((OC)2Ir)2H(Nb2W4O19)2)5‐, and ((OC)2Ir(P3O9))2‐.
Authors: KLEMPERER W. G. , MAIN D. J.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes, first examples of this type of carbonyl complexes, are assigned structures similar to those of known Ir and Rh diene complexes by using multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformation of 2,6‐Dioxabicyclo(3.1.1)heptanes: 1,3‐Anhydro‐2,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranose.
Authors: KONG F. , LU D. , ZHOU S.
Published: May 2016

The galactopyranoside (I) is coupled with allyl bromide (II) via the dibutyltin complex to produce regioselectively the 3‐O‐allyl derivative (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Syntheses of Some Isomers of Gibberellin A1 and Gibberellin A3 Methyl Ester.
Authors: FRAGA B. M. , GOMEZ C. D. , HERNANDEZ M. G. , DE PAZ E. , TELLADO F. G. , PERALES A. A.
Published: May 2016

The esters (VI) and (VII), which contain a lactone ring between C‐7 and C‐10, are prepared via the key intermediate (III) in order to test the importance of the position of the lactone in gibberellin A3 in relation to the biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Decomposition and Reduction with H2 and C2H4 of Silver(I,II) Oxide.
Authors: TISSOT P. , LARTIGUE H. , ROSSIGNOL J. F.
Published: May 2016

Interpretation of isothermal TG curves for two types of AgO (monoclinic and tetragonal) reveal that the thermal decomposition to Ag2O proceeds according to a nucleation‐growth mechanism, A2.
ChemInform Abstract: The Control of Metal Precursor Mobilities as a Variable in the Preparation of Supported Pt‐Ru Bimetallic Clusters: The Use of Ruthenocene.
Authors: MIURA H. , TAGUCHI H. , SUGIYAMA K. , MATSUDA T. , GONZALEZ R. D.
Published: May 2016

Pt‐Ru/SiO2 catalysts are prepared by a stepwise impregnation technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Supported Pt‐Ru Bimetallic Clusters: Strong Precursor‐Support Interactions.
Authors: ALERASOOL S. , GONZALEZ R. D.
Published: May 2016

Highly dispersed Pt‐Ru bimetallic particles supported on SiO2 are prepared by coimpregnation using Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 and Ru(NH3)6Cl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular (4 + 2)Cycloaddition Chemistry of Some 1,3‐Dienyl‐Substituted Cyclopropenes.
Authors: PADWA A. , KULKARNI Y. S. , TERRY L. W.
Published: May 2016

The dienyl‐substituted cyclopropenes (III), (VIII), and (XII), prepared as outlined in the reaction scheme, are thermolyzed to produce the intramolecular cycloadducts (IV), (V), (VI), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc(II) Complexes and Aluminum(III) Porphyrin Complexes Catalyze the Epoxidation of Olefins by Iodosylbenzene.
Authors: NAM W. , VALENTINE J. S.
Published: May 2016

Title complexes such as those delineated in the scheme catalyze the epoxidation of the olefins (I), (III) and (V) with iodosylbenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Chiral Reagent for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Either Anti or Syn Ester Aldols.
Authors: COREY E. J. , KIM S. S.
Published: May 2016

The highly effective chiral reagent (I) is developed for promoting the enantioselective aldol reaction of the achiral propionate esters (II) or (V) with an achiral aldehyde such as (III) to give either the anti‐ or syn‐adducts (IV) or (VI) with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Fold Crotonic Condensation of 1,1‐Bisacylcyclopropanes Under the Conditions of the Wittig Reaction. Simple Synthesis of Spirocyclopropanecyclooctatrienones.
Authors: ZEFIROV N. S. , KUZNETSOVA T. S. , KOZHUSHKOV S. I. , KOKOREVA O. V.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of dimsyl sodium the reaction between 1,1‐diacetylcyclopropane (I) and the ylide generated from the phosphonium bromide (II) affords (III) or (IV) depending on the order of addition and on the molar ratios of the reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Phase‐Transfer Catalyzed Reactions of Trialkylboranes. A Highly Facile Synthesis of Trialkylmethanols from Alkenes.
Authors: BAI J. , DING H.
Published: May 2016

The (cyclo)alkenes (I) react with borane ‐ dimethyl sulfide (II) to produce the tri(cyclo)alkylboranes (III) which undergo insertion reaction with chloroform (IV) and hydrolysis under phase‐transfer conditions, forming the boronic acids (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Semicarbazones and Thiosemicarbazones of the Heterocyclic Series. Part 54. Derivatives of 1,2,4‐Triazine, 1,2,4‐Triazole and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole from 1‐Acetyl‐5‐bromoisatin and Thiosemicarbazide.
Authors: TOMCHIN A. B.
Published: May 2016

According to earlier reports the reactions between isatin or its 1‐substituted derivatives and thiosemicarbazides may give rise to the formation of 1,2,4‐triazines and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Methyl α‐Acetolactate Based on Thiazolium Chemistry and Modelled on the Enzymatic Synthesis of α‐Acetolactate Catalyzed by Acetolactate Synthase.
Authors: CROUT D. H. G. , LEE E. R. , PEARSON D. P. J.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the benzothiazolium salt (IV), prepared from benzothiazole (I), with triethylamine in methanol results in decomposition, forming the benzothiazole (II), the hydroxyacetopropionate (V), and the dihydrobenzothiazole (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobic Activity of Nitro‐Substituted Azolo(1,5‐a)pyrimidines and Azolo(5,1‐c)(1,2,4)triazines.
Authors: RUSINOV V. L. , MYASNIKOV A. V. , PILICHEVA T. L. , CHUPAKHIN O. N. , KIPRIANOVA E. A. , GARAGULYA A. D.
Published: May 2016

The amino azoles (I) are coupled with nitromalonaldehyde sodium salt (II) to give the azolopyrimidines (III) of which (IIIa), (IIIg), and (IIIh) are transformed into the derivatives (V) and (VII) upon treatment with indole (IV) and resorcinol (VI) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Pyrano(2,3‐c)(1,5)benzodiazepines.
Authors: ABDEL‐GHANY H. , EL‐SAYED A. M. , SULTAN A. A. , EL‐SHAFEI A. K.
Published: May 2016

The benzodiazepinone (Ia) and its derivatives (Ib) and (Ic), obtained by N‐alkylation of (Ia), are coupled with the benzaldehydes (II) to form the benzylidenebenzodiazepinones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Bicyclo(1.1.1)pentasilane Derivative: Synthesis, Structure, and Comments on Structural Homology.
Authors: KABE Y. , KAWASE T. , OKADA J. , YAMASHITA O. , GOTO M. , MASAMUNE S.
Published: May 2016

Five‐electron reduction of the trichlorodisilane (I) leads to a cyclotetrasilane dianion which reacts with the dichlorosilanes (II) to give the bicyclo(1.1.)pentasilanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Bis(4‐fluorophenyl)triazenido Complexes of Copper and Silver. Synthesis and Structure of (Cu(F‐C6H4N3C6H4‐F))4, (Ag(F‐C6H4N3C6H4‐F))4, and (Cu(F‐C6H4N3C6H4‐F) (OCH3))4.
Authors: HARTMANN E. , STRAEHLE J. +
Published: May 2016

In both tetrameric complexes (III) (space group C2/c, Z=4) the four metal(I) atoms form a planar rhombus the edges of which are bridged alternately above and below by the triazenido ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 99. Synthesis of the Cluster Compounds (MWCoAu(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(μ3‐CR)(CO)4(η‐C5H5)(η‐C5Me5)(η5‐C2B9H9Me2)) (M: Mo or W, R: C6H4Me‐4; M : W, R : Me);
Authors: CARR N. , GIMENO M. C. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

The trimetal complexes (I) react with the Co complex (II) to afford the tetranuclear compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of Ph2PCH=CH2 with PtX2 (X: Cl, Br, I or Me) or PdX2 (X: Cl, Br or I).
Authors: FONTAINE X. L. R. , MARKHAM D. P. , SHAW B. L.
Published: May 2016

The title ligand (II) reacts with the cod‐Pt(II) complexes (I) to give the cis‐bis(phosphine) complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition by Heterocyclic Compounds of Corrosion of Copper.
Authors: AL‐KHARAFI F. M. , AL‐HAJJAR F. H. , KATRIB A.
Published: May 2016

The corrosion behavior of Cu in 30% ethylene glycol solution containing SO42‐, Cl‐, and HCO3‐ (each 100 ppm) at 60‐70 °C is studied in the presence of different concentrations of (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Installation of the Allylic Trisulfide Functionality of the Enediyne Antibiotics. Thiol‐Induced Reductive Actuation of the Bergman Process.
Authors: HASELTINE J. N. , DANISHEFSKY S. J.
Published: May 2016

The literature‐known thioacetates (I) are reductively deacetylated and then treated with the phthalimido disulfides (II) to produce the trisulfides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Benzotriazole to Vinyl Ethers. Chemistry of the Adducts.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , RACHWAL S. , RACHWAL B.
Published: May 2016

Various types of addition reactions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 143. Functionalization of 2‐Methyl‐ and 2,7‐Dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine.
Authors: NEWKOME G. R. , THERIOT K. J. , MAJESTIC V. K. , SPRUELL P. A. , BAKER G. R.
Published: May 2016

The methylnaphthyridine (I) is coupled with methyllithium (II) to produce the dimethylnaphthyridine (III) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum Complex‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Monosilylation of Alkenes with Disilanes.
Authors: HAYASHI T. , KAWAMOTO A. M. , KOBAYASHI T. , TANAKA M.
Published: May 2016

Pt(0)‐catalyzed reaction of 1‐hexene (Ia) and styrene (Ib) with 1,2‐difluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetramethyldisilane (II) and subsequent phenylation with phenyllithium (III) leads to the formation of the vinylsilanes (IV), together with the silanes (V) ‐ (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Tungsten Alkylidene Synthesis: Alkylidene Transfer from a Phosphorane to a Tungsten Imido Complex.
Authors: JOHNSON L. K. , VIRGIL S. C. , GRUBBS R. H. , ZILLER J. W.
Published: May 2016

In the alkylidene transfer reaction as key step the sequential addition of the phosphorane (VII) and loss of triphenylphosphine generates the metal alkylidenes (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral, Seven‐Coordinate Dioxime Complexes of Technetium(III): Synthesis and Characterization.
Authors: LINDER K. E. , MALLEY M. F. , GOUGOUTAS J. Z. , UNGER S. E. , NUNN A. D.
Published: May 2016

Both the tin‐capped complex (IV) (via (V) as intermediate) and the uncapped complex (V) (and their cyclohexanedione dioxime analogues) can be converted into the previously reported boron‐capped complexes (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene‐1,1′‐dithiolato and ‐diselenato Derivatives of Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , DOERNHOEFER C. + , THEWALT U.
Published: May 2016

The three pairs of geminal chloro substituents in hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (II) are stepwise replaced by chelating ferrocene‐1,1'‐dichalcogenato groups to give the spiro‐cyclotriphosphazenes (III), (IV) (yields 63/51%; (IVa): space group P21/n, Z=4), and (V) (4.5/5.6%).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Neutral Lacunar Complex Formed by Deprotonation of Methyl Groups of the Cyclidene Macrocycle.
Authors: GOLDSBY K. A. , JIRCITANO A. J. , NOSCO D. L. , STEVENS J. C. , BUSCH D. H.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (II) crystallizes in P21/n with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: The Syntheses of Purine and Pyrimidine Secoribonucleosides: Acyclouridine Derivative of Cyclophosphamide.
Authors: ZAKERINIA M. , DAVARY H. , HAKIMELAHI G. H.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the secoribonucleoside analogues (VI) is described; (VIa) and (VIb) possess interesting antiviral effects in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: The Formation of Unsaturated Diterpenoid Alcohols from 1,4‐Glycols with N,N‐Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Acetal (II).
Authors: DAVIS C. A. , GUILLERMO‐ALVAREZ R. , HANSON J. R. , HITCHCOCK P. B.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the ent‐kaurene (I) with (II), quaternization, elimination and hydrolysis yields the ent‐kauradienes (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Nb‐Doped TiO2 Semiconductor pH Sensor for Use in High‐Temperature Aqueous Solutions.
Authors: HARA N. , SUGIMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

A pH sensor is developed that utilizes a Nb2O5‐doped TiO2 single crystal as the pH‐sensitive material and Al metal as the ohmic contact material.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Electrodeposition on Semiconductors. Part 1. Comparison with Glassy Carbon in the Case of Platinum Deposition.
Authors: ALLONGUE P. , SOUTEYRAND E.
Published: May 2016

The electrocrystallization of Pt on glassy carbon, n‐GaAs, and n‐InP substrates is studied by TEM and analysis of current‐time transients.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Manganese Hydroxide Layer on the Electrochemistry of Nickel Hydroxide Thin Films
Authors: BELANGER D. , LAPERRIERE G.
Published: May 2016

is studied by cyclic voltammetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration Reactivity of Crystalline and Vitrified Diopside Under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: GRZESZCZYK S. , SZUBA J.
Published: May 2016

(200 °C, saturated vapor, 24‐72 h, autoclave) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Decomposition Processes for Silanol.
Authors: GORDON M. S. , PEDERSON L. A.
Published: May 2016

Theoretical calculations, considering six alternative decomposition processes of SiH3OH, predict that the 1,1‐ and 1,2‐eliminations of molecular hydrogen are both thermodynamically and kinetically the most favorable processes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of the Dimethyl Acetal of Fumaraldehydic Acid and the Corresponding Chiral Esters.
Authors: GREE D. , LE FLOC'H Y. , GREE R.
Published: May 2016

The fumaraldehyde monoacetal (I) is oxidized with sodium chlorite to form the fumaraldehydic acid acetal (II) which is esterified with the chiral alcohols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Step Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐thioxofuro(2,3‐d)pyrimidines.
Authors: AHLUWALIA V. K. , KAUR M. , ARORA K. K.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of the thioxopyrimidinediones (I) with chloroacetone (II) is directly achieved by heating the starting materials in the presence of triethylamine to produce the thioxofuropyrimidinones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5H‐Quino(3,4‐b)(1,4)benzothiazin‐6(12H)‐ones.
Authors: JAYASHREE A. , RAO V. S. , DARBARWAR M.
Published: May 2016

The 4‐hydroxyquinolinones (I) undergo cyclocondensation with o‐aminothiophenol (II) to form the fused thiazinones (III) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Allylborane and Allyldiborane(4) Derivatives.
Authors: KNOERZER G. + , SEYFFER H. , PRITZKOW H. , SIEBERT W.
Published: May 2016

In an attempt to obtain 2,3‐dihydro‐1,2‐diborole and 1,2‐dibora‐4‐methylene cyclopentane derivatives, the reactions shown in the scheme are carried out.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Phosphazenocuprates to Aldehydes and Ketones: A New Route to gem‐Organo‐Substituted Cyclotriphosphazenes.
Authors: BUWALDA P. L. , STEENBERGEN A. , OOSTING G. E. , VAN DE GRAMPEL J. C.
Published: May 2016

Novel gem‐alkyl(hydroxyalkyl)tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazenes (19 compounds) are synthesized in moderate to high yields as demonstrated for the examples (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Silylstannylation of Ethyl Diazoacetate with Novel Silylstannyl Triflates.
Authors: FRONDA A. , MAAS G.
Published: May 2016

The novel silylstannyl triflates (V) are synthesized as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: The 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐diphosphete‐1,4‐Diphosphadiene Equilibrium. X‐Ray Structures of (μ2,μ2,η1,η1‐(Ph)8C4P4)W2(CO)6 and (η1,η1‐(Ph)4C2P2)W2(CO)10.
Authors: MAIGROT N. , CHARRIER C. , RICARD L. , MATHEY F.
Published: May 2016

As its dicomplex (III) (space group P21/c, Z=4), the ring of (I) undergoes a reversible conrotatory opening to give the corresponding 1,4‐diphosphadiene dicomplex, which can be trapped as (4 + 2) cycloadducts with N‐phenylmaleimide (IV), maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and benzaldehyde producing (V), (VI) (24% yield), (VII) (33%), and (VIII) (10%), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Structure of Calcium Chlorosulfate, Ca(SO3Cl)2.
Authors: TROYANOV S. I. , RYBAKOV V. B. , KEMNITZ E. , HASS D. , WORZALA H.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the hitherto not described title compound are observed in the system H2SO4/CaSO4/SOCl2 as a result of an unexpected side reaction in sealed pyrex ampoules.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum‐oxo Species Deposited on Alumina by Adsorption. Part 2. Regulation of the Surface MoVI Concentration by Control of the Protonated Surface Hydroxyls.
Authors: SPANOS N. , VORDONIS L. , KORDULIS CH. , KOUTSOUKOS P. G. , LYCOURGHIOTIS A.
Published: May 2016

The adsorption of MoxOz‐ y species from aqueous solutions on pure and Na+‐ or Li+‐doped γ‐Al2O3 is studied at a function of pH (3.0‐8.5) and temp. (10‐55 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Methods for the Synthesis of Poly(organylthio) and Poly(organylsulfonyl)‐Substituted Ethenes from Polychloroethenes.
Authors: PRILEZHAEVA E. N. , DONTSOVA N. E. , PETUKHOVA N. P. , BOGDANOV V. S.
Published: May 2016

The substitution of Cl in the polychloroethenes (I), (IV), (VI) for organylthio groups under the conditions indicated in the scheme gives rise to products shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of 1,1,1‐Triarylalkane. A New Photochemical Carbene Generation Process.
Authors: SHI M. , OKAMOTO Y. , TAKAMUKU S.
Published: May 2016

Upon irradiation in methanol, the triphenylmethylcycloalkanes (I) undergo α,α‐elimination to give biphenyl (II) and the methanol‐insertion products (III), together with the 1,2‐H‐shift derivatives (IV) of the intermediate carbene.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Phenyl Cycloalkanes by Tertiary Hydroperoxides.
Authors: PRITZKOW W. , SUPRUN V. YA. , VOERCKEL V.
Published: May 2016

The thermal decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (I) in the phenyl cycloalkanes (II) as solvents is studied by product analysis (GC) in order to clear whether the oxidation proceeds by free radicals or by an SE2 mechanism and whether ring size effects are operating.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Clefts. Part 3. The Crystal Structure of a Chiral Molecular Tweezer and Its Guest.
Authors: HARMATA M. , BARNES C. L.
Published: May 2016

Starting from dibromo‐p‐xylene (I), the tweezer (VII) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Mucohalic Acids. Part 5. Reaction of 3,4,5‐Trichloro‐2(5H)‐furanone and 3‐Aroxy‐4,5‐dichloro‐2(5H)‐furanones with Azide.
Authors: JAEHNISCH K. + , AMBROSI H.‐D.
Published: May 2016

The reactions between the 3,4,5‐trichlorofuranone (I) and NaN3 (II) afford the 4‐azido derivative (III) or the 4,5‐bisazido derivative (IV) depending on the molar ratios of the reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclizations of Cyanothioacetamide in the Presence of Sulfur.
Authors: GEWALD K. , SCHINDLER R.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of sulfur and sodium ethoxide, the title compound (I) undergoes cyclization to yield the dihydropyridine (III) after work‐up with MeI (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Linked Heterocycles Mediated by High Pressure SNAr Reactions.
Authors: MATSUMOTO K. , HASHIMOTO S. , MINATOGAWA H. , MUNAKATA M. , OTANI S.
Published: May 2016

With a view to the application of linked heterocycles in agriculture and pharmacology the title compounds, e.g (III), are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluxional Seven‐Coordinate Molybdenum(II) and Tungsten(II) Complexes: X‐Ray Structure of the Pyridine‐2‐thionato Complex (W(C5H4NS)2(CO)2(PMe2Ph)).
Authors: DEEMING A. J. , KARIM M. , POWELL N. I.
Published: May 2016

The seven‐coordinate W(II) complex (III) is obtained additionally to the W(0) complex (IV) as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterisation of the C30‐Deethylaetioporphyrin Present in Petroleum.
Authors: CLEWLOW P. J. , JACKSON A. H.
Published: May 2016

The four possible deethylaetioporphyrins (I) are prepared by the ac‐biladiene route via devinylation of the corresponding vinyl porphyrins.
ChemInform Abstract: The Response to Vapor Challenges of New Microsensor Coatings: Nicotinic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , SAVAGE G. P. , PILARSKA M. , BODOR N. S. , BREWSTER M. E.
Published: May 2016

Among 45 nicotinamide and pyridine derivatives such as (I)‐(III) and (IV) the derivatives (Ia) and (IIIa) give a significant reversible chemiresistor response to (V) vapor (good discrimination from the sulfur‐mustard‐gas simulant (VI)).
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of 2H‐Thiopyrans.
Authors: WARD D. E. , ZOGHAIB W. M. , RHEE C. K. , GAI Y.
Published: May 2016

Diels‐Alder reaction of the 2H‐thiopyrans (I) with the maleimides or maleic anhydride (II) yields predominantly the endo‐cycloadducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐1‐(4‐bromoacetamidobenzyl)‐1,2‐ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic Acid: A New Bifunctional Chelate for Radiolabeling Antibodies.
Authors: MATHIAS C. J. , SUN Y. , WELCH M. J. , CONNETT J. M. , PHILPOTT G. W. , MARTELL A. E.
Published: May 2016

The compound (IX) mentioned in the title is synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Studies of Some (1,4)‐Naphthoquinono‐(3,2‐c)‐1H‐pyrazoles, 2‐Substituted Amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones, and Related Compounds.
Authors: TANDON V. K. , VAISH M. , KHANNA J. M. , ANAND N.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of hydroquinone (I) with the maleic anhydrides (II) yields the naphthoquinones (III) which are coupled with the cyclic amines (IV), forming the 2‐amino‐5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 205. Nona‐tert.‐butyltridecaphosphane(9), P13(tBu)9 ‐ Structural Principles of Bi‐ and Tricyclic tert.‐Butylphosphanes.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , SCHNALKE M.
Published: May 2016

Besides other tert.‐butylphosphanes the title compound (III) is obtained by dehalogenation of (I) with Mg in the presence of white phosphorus.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Structure of a New μ‐Acetato‐di‐μ‐hydroxo Bridged Chromium(III) Complex with a Sexidentate Binucleating Pyridylamine Ligand.
Authors: TOFTLUND H. , SIMONSEN O. , PEDERSEN E.
Published: May 2016

The new binuclear title complex (III) (space group P21/n, Z=4) is obtained besides the mononuclear product (IV) by the reaction of Cr(II)‐acetate with the sexidentate ligand (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structure of Mononuclear Iron(III) Complexes (LFeCl3)‐ and (LFe(N3)3)‐ (L: Hydrotris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate and Hydrotris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)borate).
Authors: FUKUI H. , ITO M. , MORO‐OKA Y. , KITAJIMA N.
Published: May 2016

Mononuclear half‐sandwich complexes (III) can be prepared starting with (II), while FeCl3 as the starting compound always results in the formation of a stable full‐sandwich complex FeL2.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfone‐Mediated Cyclobutanone to α‐Alkoxycyclopentanone Ring Expansion Reactions; Scope, Limitations and Applications.
Authors: FINCH H. , MJALLI A. M. M. , MONTANA J. G. , ROBERTS S. M. , TAYLOR R. J. K.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the bicyclo ketones (I) or (V) with the lithiated sulfones (II) or (VI), followed by Lewis acid‐catalyzed ring expansion, leads to mixtures of the methoxyketones (III), (IV) or (VII)‐(IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Thin Silica Layer on Alumina: Evidence of the Acidity in the Monolayer.
Authors: NIWA M. , KATADA N. , MURAKAMI Y.
Published: May 2016

A SiO2 thin layer on alumina is prepared by CVD using Si(OMe)4 as precursor and the resulting SiO2/Al2O3 catalysts are characterized by surface area measurements (benzaldehyde‐ammonia titration), IR spectroscopy (adsorption of pyridine and ammonia) and catalytic activity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Topologically Interesting Cages for Negative Ions with Extremely High Coordination Number. An Unusual Property of V‐O Clusters.
Authors: MUELLER A. + , PENK M. , ROHLFING R. , KRICKEMEYER E. , DOERING J. +
Published: May 2016

Negatively charged ions with significantly different radii, e.g. Cl‐, Br‐, I‐, can be encapsulated as guest molecules in V‐O cluster shells such as V18O42 and V15O36.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion of α‐Azidoazines: Formation of the First Examples of Fully Unsaturated Monocyclic 1,3,5‐Triazepines.
Authors: SAWANISHI H. , TSUCHIYA T.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐azidopyridines (I) react with sodium methoxide (III) under photolytic conditions to yield the 2‐substituted 5H‐1,3‐diazepines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: KrF Laser Induced Telomerization of Bromides with Olefins. Part 2. BrC2F4Br and BrC2F4C2H4Br with C2H4 and C2F4.
Authors: ZHANG L. , FUSS W. , KOMPA K. L.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction of (I) and (II) yields the product (III) with unexpected high quantum yields (up to 93 in the presence of additional CF2=CF2).
ChemInform Abstract: Orthoamides. Part 45. Formylation of Aryl Methyl Ketone Aroylhydrazones with Bis(dimethylamino)‐tert‐butoxymethane.
Authors: KANTLEHNER W. , SPEH P. , BRAEUNER H.‐J. + , HAUG E. , MERGEN W. W.
Published: May 2016

Twenty‐six N‐acylhydrazones such as (I) are coupled with the diaminotert‐butoxymethane (II) to give the N‐acyl azo compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Products of Benzimidazole with Tetracyanoethylene. Mechanism of Formation and 13C NMR Spectroscopy of the Anions C16N8H‐ 5, Dicyano(3,4‐dicyano‐5‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ylideneamino)methanide (III) and C18N9H‐ 4, 1,2,4,5‐Tetracyano‐3,6,7,12,13‐penta‐aza‐5H‐indeno(1,2‐d)acenaphthylen‐5‐ide (IV). Crystal and Molecular Structure of Their Tetraphenylarsonium Salts.
Authors: BONAMICO M. , FARES V. , FLAMINI A. , IMPERATORI P. , POLI N.
Published: May 2016

From the title reaction (I) + (II) in THF, two products (III) + (IV) are isolated (details given in an Italian Patent (1988) only).
ChemInform Abstract: Azoles. Part 31. Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitrobenzotriazole Derivatives.
Authors: BERNARD M. K. , SZOJA C. , WRZECIONO U.
Published: May 2016

4‐, 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐Nitrobenzotriazole derivatives react with carbanions of the phenyl sulfones (II) to give products of vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in ortho and/or para position with respect to the nitro group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles: Oxazolo(4,5‐b)pyridines and Oxazolo‐(4,5‐d)pyrimidines.
Authors: DOISE M. , DENNIN F. , BLONDEAU D. , SLIWA H.
Published: May 2016

2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxypyridine (I) is heated with an excess of the orthoesters (II) to give the oxazolopyridines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Phosphorus Compounds. Part 4. Asymmetric 4‐(Benzothiazol‐2‐yl)benzylphosphonates as Potent Calcium Antagonistic Vasodilators.
Authors: YOSHINO K. , GOTO K. , KOHNO T. , MORITA T. , TSUKAMOTO G.
Published: May 2016

Hydrolysis of fostedil (I) gives the monoester (II) which is converted into the tetrabutylammonium salt and subsequently treated with the alkyl bromides (III) to give the asymmetric phosphonates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Wittig Reagents with Selenium. Formation of Selenoaldehydes.
Authors: OKUMA K. , KOMIYA Y. , KANEKO I. , TACHIBANA Y. , IWATA E. , OHTA H.
Published: May 2016

The ylides such as (I) attack elemental selenium to give the corresponding selenoaldehydes (III), which further react with (I) to afford the olefins (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Tellurium Tetrachloride: Addition to Cyclohexene and Preparation from Tellurium Dioxide and Trimethylchlorosilane.
Authors: FUKUZAWA S. , IRGOLIC K. J. , O'BRIEN D. H.
Published: May 2016

Tellurium tetrachloride (II), generated upon treatment of tellurium dioxide (I) with trimethylsilyl chloride reacts with cyclohexene (III), yielding trans‐2‐chlorocyclohexyltellurium trichloride (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Racemizing Synthesis and Stereoselective Reduction of Chiral α‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: REETZ M. T. , DREWES M. W. , LENNICK K. , SCHMITZ A. , HOLDGRUEN X. +
Published: May 2016

The first systematic study is given of the non‐racemizing synthesis of the chiral α‐amino ketones (IV) from the α‐amino acids (I) and the non‐chelation controlled reduction of (IV) to the amino alcohols (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Verticillene. A Biomimetic Approach to the Taxane Family of Alkaloids.
Authors: BEGLEY M. J. , JACKSON C. B. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (X) is the putative biogenetic precursor of the taxane family.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Stoichiometry in the KMo2P3O12‐Tunnel Structure: The Oxide K0.75MoNbP3O12.
Authors: LECLAIRE A. , BOREL M. M. , GRANDIN A. , RAVEAU B.
Published: May 2016

The substituted title oxide is synthesized in two steps by heating a stoichiometric mixture H(NH4)2PO4, MoO3, Nb2O5, and K2CO3 in air followed by addition of an appropriate amount of Mo and repeated heating in an evacuated silica ampoule at 1373 K for 5 d. The compound is isostructural with KMo2P3O12‐type oxides (Pbcm, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Acidity Constants of Benzimidazolium Ketone and Pyridinium Aldehyde Hydrates.
Authors: OWEN T. C.
Published: May 2016

Within an examination of the mechanism of deacylation of ketone (I) which is hydrated some 35% (NMR) in H2O, the acidity constants of the resulting hydrate (II) have to be ascertained.
ChemInform Abstract: New Efficient Electrochemical Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones with a Cadmium‐Modified Electrode.
Authors: TOKUDA M. , UCHIDA M. , KATOH Y. , SUGINOME H.
Published: May 2016

Electrochemical methods for alkylation of carbonyl compounds using a Pt‐cathode and a Cd‐anode or a Cd‐modified Pt‐anode are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Aroylacetaldehydes with Aroylhydrazines.
Authors: SILWANIS B. A. , MOUSSA A.
Published: May 2016

The aroylhydrazones (III) and (VI) are examined (UV, 1H NMR, pKa values).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alkenes by Peroxydisulfate‐Copper Sulfate.
Authors: PERUMAL P. T.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic alkenes (I) are subjected to the title reaction, yielding the cycloalkanecarboxylic acids (III) and/or the bicyclic sulfates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Relative Nucleophilicities of Aryldisulfide and Thiolate Ions in Dimethylacetamide Estimated from Their Reaction Rates with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: BENAICHOUCHE M. , BOSSER G. , PARIS J. , PLICHON V.
Published: May 2016

The aryldisulfide ions are generated by electroreduction of (I) in the presence of sulfur.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐4H‐furo(3,2‐c)(1)benzopyran‐4‐ones and 2H,5H‐Pyrano(3,2‐c)(1)benzopyran‐5‐ones.
Authors: KUMAR R. J. , KRUPADANAM G. L. D. , SRIMANNARAYANA G.
Published: May 2016

O‐Alkylation of the hydroxybenzopyranones (I) with allyl bromide (II) yields the derivatives (III) which are subjected to Claisen rearrangement to form the C‐allyl derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Syntheses via Transition Metal Complexes. Part 46. Alkenylcarbene Chromium and Tungsten Complexes; Proton Addition and Activation by Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents.
Authors: AUMANN R. , HINTERDING P. , KRUEGER C. + , BETZ P.
Published: May 2016

Protonation of carbene complexes (I) and (III) occurs at C‐2 of the =C‐C=C ligand and leads to the novel cationic carbene complexes (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Complex‐Chemical Synthesis of Cyclic 1,2‐Dithiolato Ligands with the nido Cluster ((CO)3FeS)2. ‐ Molecular Structure and Partial S‐Oxidation of Hexacarbonyl(μ2‐cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanedithiolato‐S,S)diiron.
Authors: KRAMER A. , LINGNAU R. , LORENZ I.‐P. , MAYER H. A.
Published: May 2016

Cyclic alkenes, dienes and trienes are inserted into the S‐S bond of the title cluster (I) by photochemically induced (2 + 2)cycloaddition reactions to give the complexes (III) (space group P21/c, Z=4) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of the Substituted Morphane Framework Starting with 4‐Acetamidocyclohexanone.
Authors: TEUBER H.‐J. , TSAKLAKIDIS C. , BATS J. W.
Published: May 2016

The morphane skeleton is formed by a new pathway.
DRIFTS study of γFe2O3 nano‐catalyst for low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Liang Hui , Gui Keting , Zha Xianbin
Published: May 2016

The catalysts used in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 were prepared from γFe2O3 nanoparticles. The NH3‐SCR activity measurement was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption characteristics of γFe2O3 nano‐catalysts to NH3 and NO were studied with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) measurements. Experimental activity measurement indicated that γFe2O3 used as a SCR de‐NOx catalyst exhibited excellent low‐temperature SCR de‐NOx performance. The DRIFTS measurements showed that there existed both NH4+ bonded to Brønsted acid sites and coordinated NH3 bonded to Lewis acid sites on the catalyst surface. Coordinated NH3 was the main adsorption product. O2 promoted H‐abstraction from coordinated NH3 to form NH2 species, as well as O2 greatly enhancing the adsorption of NO on the catalyst surface to form nitrate species and absorbed NO2. Possible reaction paths with the γFe2O3 catalyst were proposed as follows: the SCR process mainly formed NH2 from H‐abstraction of coordinated NH3 which reacted with NO to form N2 and H2O at high and medium temperatures. At low temperatures, however, the formation of adsorbed NO2 resulted from NO oxidation by O2 over Fe3+ sites played an important role. NH4NO3 and (NH4+)2NO2 as the key intermediate products reacted with NO to form N2 and H2O at low temperatures.
Negative regulation of bacterial killing and inflammation by two novel CD16 ligands
Authors: Beppler Jaqueline , Mkaddem Sanae Ben , Michaloski Jussara , Honorato Rodrigo Vargas , Velasco Irineu Tadeu , de Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Lopes , Giordano Ricardo José , Monteiro Renato C. , Pinheiro da Silva Fabiano
Published: May 2016

Sepsis, a leading cause of death worldwide, involves exacerbated proinflammatory responses and inefficient bacterial clearance. Phagocytic cells play a crucial part in the prevention of sepsis by clearing bacteria through host innate receptors. Here, we used a phage display library to identify two peptides in Escherichia coli that interact with host innate receptors. One of these peptides, encoded by the wzxE gene of E. coli K‐12, was involved in the transbilayer movement of a trisaccharide‐lipid intermediate in the assembly of enterobacterial common antigen. Peptide‐receptor interactions induced CD16‐mediated inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activating motif signaling, blocking the production of ROS and bacterial killing. This CD16‐mediated inhibitory signaling was abrogated in a WzxE−/− mutant of E. coli K‐12, restoring the production of ROS and bacterial killing. Taken together, the two novel CD16 ligands identified negatively regulate bacterial killing and inflammation. Our findings may contribute toward the development of new immunotherapies for E. coli‐mediated infectious diseases and inflammation.
Synthesis of Thiol Esters Using PhSZnBr as Sulfenylating Agent: A DFT‐Guided Optimization of Reaction Conditions
Authors: Sancineto Luca , Tidei Caterina , Bagnoli Luana , Marini Francesca , Lippolis Vito , Arca Massimiliano , Lenardão Eder João , Santi Claudio
Published: May 2016

The use of PhSZnBr as sulfenylating agent in a solvent‐free protocol to prepare thiol esters in excellent yields from acyl chlorides is reported. The products were efficiently obtained by grinding the neat reagents for 5 min in a mortar. DFT calculations showed that the coordination of solvent molecules to the metal center of PhSZnBr results in the destabilization of the frontier MOs, thus reducing the reactivity towards the acyl chloride compared with solvent‐free conditions. A possible mechanism based on the coordination of the carbonyl group of the acyl chloride to the metal center of PhSZnBr is proposed.
The Synthesis of Cyclophellitol‐Aziridine and Its Configurational and Functional Isomers
Authors: Jiang Jianbing , Artola Marta , Beenakker Thomas J. M. , Schröder Sybrin P. , Petracca Rita , de Boer Casper , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Overkleeft Herman S.
Published: May 2016

Cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol‐aziridine are potent, mechanism‐based and irreversible retaining β‐glucosidase inhibitors. We have become interested in these configurational β‐glucoside analogues as they proved to be a highly suitable starting point for the development of activity‐based glycosidase probes. In this review, we provide an overview of the cyclophellitol‐aziridine synthesis reported in the literature. Two conceptually different strategies for the introduction of the aziridine moiety have been used, one starting from the inverted epoxide and one with intramolecular iodocyclisation from a homo‐allylic alcohol as the key step. These are discussed in this microreview, and their application in the synthesis of configurational and functional cyclophellitol‐aziridine isomers is presented as well.
Warmer temperature modifies effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on hormone profiles in leopard frog tadpoles (Lithobates pipiens)
Authors: Freitas Mariella B. , Brown Cherry T. , Karasov William H.
Published: May 2016

Amphibian populations have been declining, and climate change and exposure to environmental contaminants are thought to be involved. Higher water temperature accelerates larval development; however, its combined effects with contaminants and their influence on hormones during metamorphosis are poorly understood. The authors investigated changes in whole-body triiodothyronine (T3) and corticosterone concentrations in developing leopard frogs reared at 23 °C and 28 °C on diets with 0 ng g−1, 6 ng g−1, and 37 ng g−1 of a technical mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; DE-71) from 10 d to 44 d (premetamorphosis to late climax; Gosner Stages 28 to 46). Unlike controls, PBDE-exposed tadpoles (6 ng g−1) reared at 23 °C failed to show any increase in T3 concentrations throughout metamorphosis, and exposed tadpoles reared at 28 °C showed a lower peak at climax compared to controls. Corticosterone levels progressively increased throughout metamorphosis, but the levels were higher in PBDE-exposed tadpoles compared to controls at both temperatures. At the warmer temperature, corticosterone increase occurred earlier (at early climax) in controls and exposed tadpoles compared to tadpoles reared at the cooler temperature (late climax), coinciding with the faster development observed at 28 °C. Tadpoles reared at 28 °C were longer and developed faster than tadpoles reared at 23 °C. At both temperatures, PBDE exposure decreased T3 and increased corticosterone concentrations, which can potentially impair developing tadpoles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:120–127. © 2016 SETAC
Effect of age on acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in individual-metal exposures to Daphnia magna neonates
Authors: Traudt Elizabeth M. , Ranville James F. , Meyer Joseph S.
Published: May 2016

In previous studies, variability was high among replicate acute cadmium (Cd) Daphnia magna lethality tests (e.g., >10-fold range of median effect concentrations [EC50s]), less among zinc (Zn) tests, and relatively low for copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) tests. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) protocol includes starting toxicity tests with neonates less than 24 h old, the authors hypothesized that age-related differences in sensitivity to metals might occur even within that relatively narrow age range. Daphnia magna neonates were collected during 3 age windows (0–4 h, 10–14 h, and 20–24 h old) and immediately exposed to each of the 4 metals for 48 h using the standard USEPA protocol. In repeated sets of tests during different weeks, the Cd EC50 of the youngest neonates was approximately 10-fold greater than the EC50 of the oldest neonates (i.e., Cd was less toxic to the youngest neonates) and the EC50 of neonates aged 10 h to 14 h was intermediate. Age-related differences were negligible in Cu, Ni, and Zn tests. Therefore, variability in toxicity of Cd may partly be caused by temporal variability in neonate age at the start of toxicity tests. Decreasing the age range of D. magna used in toxicity tests could help to improve the accuracy and precision of toxicity models, particularly for metal mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:113–119. © 2016 SETAC
Time-varying effects of aromatic oil constituents on the survival of aquatic species: Deviations between model estimates and observations
Authors: De Hoop Lisette , Viaene Karel P.J. , Schipper Aafke M. , Huijbregts Mark A.J. , De Laender Frederik , Hendriks A. Jan
Published: May 2016

There is a need to study the time course of toxic chemical effects on organisms because there might be a time lag between the onset of chemical exposure and the corresponding adverse effects. For aquatic organisms, crude oil and oil constituents originating from either natural seeps or human activities can be relevant case studies. In the present study the authors tested a generic toxicokinetic model to quantify the time-varying effects of various oil constituents on the survival of aquatic organisms. The model is based on key parameters applicable to an array of species and compounds with baseline toxicity reflected by a generic, internal toxicity threshold or critical body burden (CBB). They compared model estimates with experimental data on the effects of 8 aromatic oil constituents on the survival of aquatic species including crustaceans and fish. The average model uncertainty, expressed as the root mean square error, was 0.25 (minimum–maximum, 0.04–0.67) on a scale between 0 and 1. The estimated survival was generally lower than the measured survival right after the onset of oil constituent exposure. In contrast, the model underestimated the maximum mortality for crustaceans and fish observed in the laboratory. Thus, the model based on the CBB concept failed to adequately predict the lethal effects of the oil constituents on crustaceans and fish. Possible explanations for the deviations between model estimates and observations may include incorrect assumptions regarding a constant lethal body burden, the absence of biotransformation products, and the steady state of aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in organisms. Clearly, a more complex model approach than the generic model used in the present study is needed to predict toxicity dynamics of narcotic chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:128–136. © 2016 SETAC
Deriving in vivo biotransformation rate constants and metabolite parent concentration factor/stable metabolite factor from bioaccumulation and bioconcentration experiments: An illustration with worm accumulation data
Authors: Kuo Dave Ta Fu , Chen Ciara Chun
Published: May 2016

Growing concern for the biological fate of organic contaminants and their metabolites and the urge to connect in vitro and in vivo toxicokinetics have prompted researchers to characterize the biotransformation behavior of organic contaminants in biota. The whole body biotransformation rate constant (kM) is currently determined by the difference approach, which has significant methodological limitations. A new approach for determining kM from the kinetic observations of the parent contaminant and its intermediate metabolites is proposed. In this method, kM can be determined by fitting kinetic data of the parent contaminant and the metabolites to analytical equations that depict the bioaccumulation kinetics. The application of the proposed method is illustrated using worm bioaccumulation–biotransformation data collected from the literature. Furthermore, a metabolite parent concentration factor (MPCF) is also proposed to characterize the persistence of the metabolite in biota. Because both the proposed kM method and MPCF build on the existing theoretical framework for bioaccumulation, they can be readily incorporated into standard experimental bioaccumulation protocols or risk assessment procedures or frameworks. Possible limitations, implications, and future directions are elaborated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2903–2909. © 2016 SETAC
Genistein suppresses the proliferation of telomerase‐negative cells
Authors: Lin Chuan‐Chuan , Hsieh Meng‐Hsun , Teng Shu‐Chun
Published: May 2016

In both tumor and yeast cells that lack telomerase, telomeres are maintained via an alternative recombination mechanism. In this study, we tested genistein, a potential TOP2 inhibitor required for telomere–telomere recombination, on the repression of telomere–telomere recombination. Genistein on the repression of type II recombination on a tlc1 yeast strain was examined by the telomeric DNA structures using Southern blot analysis. Telomere patterns of freshly dissected tlc1 spores containing an empty plasmid (pYES2) or a yeast TOP2 (yTOP2) plasmid were analyzed. The results indicated that the reintroduction of TOP2 recovered the type II pattern, implying genistein in the blockage of type II survivors in the tlc1 strain. The effects of genistein on both tlc1 and tlc1 rad 51 strains in liquid and solid mediums were also examined. Finally, treatment of 10 μmol/L of genistein showed inhibitory effect on the growth of telomerase‐negative U2OS alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) cells, but not in telomerase‐positive HCT116 cells. These results provide evidences that the inhibitory effects of genistein on telomerase‐negative cells depend on type II recombination pathway in yeast and the ALT pathway in human tumors.
Glial biomarkers in human central nervous system disease
Authors: Garden Gwenn A. , Campbell Brian M.
Published: May 2016

There is a growing understanding that aberrant GLIA function is an underlying factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders. As drug discovery efforts begin to focus on glia‐related targets, a key gap in knowledge includes the availability of validated biomarkers to help determine which patients suffer from dysfunction of glial cells or who may best respond by targeting glia‐related drug mechanisms. Biomarkers are biological variables with a significant relationship to parameters of disease states and can be used as surrogate markers of disease pathology, progression, and/or responses to drug treatment. For example, imaging studies of the CNS enable localization and characterization of anatomical lesions without the need to isolate tissue for biopsy. Many biomarkers of disease pathology in the CNS involve assays of glial cell function and/or response to injury. Each major glia subtype (oligodendroglia, astroglia and microglia) are connected to a number of important and useful biomarkers. Here, we describe current and emerging glial based biomarker approaches for acute CNS injury and the major categories of chronic nervous system dysfunction including neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, neoplastic, and autoimmune disorders of the CNS. These descriptions are highlighted in the context of how biomarkers are employed to better understand the role of glia in human CNS disease and in the development of novel therapeutic treatments. GLIA 2016;64:1755–1771