bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caste-specific expressions and diverse roles of takeout genes in the termite Reticulitermes speratus
Authors: Fujiwara Kokuto , Karasawa Akimi , Hanada Takumi , Tobo Mutsuaki , Kaneko Tousuke , Usui Mizuna , Maekawa Kiyoto
Published: May 2023

Acquisition of novel functions caused by gene duplication may be important for termite social evolution. To clarify this possibility, additional evidence is needed. An important example is takeout, encoding juvenile hormone binding protein. We identified 25 takeouts in the termite Reticulitermes speratus genome. RNA-seq revealed that many genes were highly expressed in specific castes. Two novel paralogs (RsTO1, RsTO2) were tandemly aligned in the same scaffold. Real-time qPCR indicated that RsTO1 and RsTO2 were highly expressed in queens and soldiers, respectively. Moreover, the highest RsTO1 expression was observed in alates during queen formation. These patterns were different from vitellogenins, encoding egg-yolk precursors, which were highly expressed in queens than alates. In situ hybridization showed that RsTO1 mRNA was localized in the alate-frontal gland, indicating that RsTO1 binds with secretions probably used for the defence during swarming flight. In contrast, increased RsTO2 expression was observed approximately 1 week after soldier differentiation. Expression patterns of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, whose product functions in the terpenoid synthesis, were similar to RsTO2 expression. In situ hybridization indicated RsTO2-specific mRNA signals in the soldier-frontal gland. RsTO2 may interact with terpenoids, with a soldier-specific defensive function. It may provide additional evidence for functionalization after gene duplication in termites.
Efficiency of botulinum toxin injection into the arm on postural balance and gait after stroke
Authors: Lee Junhee , Park Ji Eun , Kang Byung Heon , Yang Seung Nam
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between improvement of spasticity in hemiplegic patient’s upper extremity with Botulinum toxin injection and improvement in postural balance and gait function. For this prospective cohort study, sixteen hemiplegic stroke patients with upper extremity spasticity were recruited. The plantar pressure with gait parameters, postural balance parameters, Modified Ashworth Scale, and Modified Tardieu Scale were evaluated before, 3 weeks and 3 months after Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) injection. Spasticity of hemiplegic upper extremity before, and after BTxA injection were significantly changed. Plantar pressure overload in affected side was reduced after BTxA injection. The mean X-speed and the horizontal distance decreased in postural balance analysis with eyes-opened test. Improvement in hemiplegic upper extremity spasticity showed positive correlation with gait parameters. In addition, improvement in hemiplegic upper extremity spasticity was positively correlated with change in balance parameters in postural balance analysis with eyes-closed and dynamic tests. This study focused on the effect of stroke patient’s hemiplegic upper extremity spasticity on their gait and balance parameters and identified that the BTxA injection on hemiplegic patient’s spastic upper extremity improve postural balance and gait function.
16p11.2 deletion mice exhibit compromised fronto-temporal connectivity, GABAergic dysfunction, and enhanced attentional ability
Authors: Openshaw Rebecca L. , Thomson David M. , Bristow Greg C. , Mitchell Emma J. , Pratt Judith A. , Morris Brian J. , Dawson Neil
Published: May 2023

Autism spectrum disorders are more common in males, and have a substantial genetic component. Chromosomal 16p11.2 deletions in particular carry strong genetic risk for autism, yet their neurobiological impact is poorly characterised, particularly at the integrated systems level. Here we show that mice reproducing this deletion (16p11.2 DEL mice) have reduced GABAergic interneuron gene expression (decreased parvalbumin mRNA in orbitofrontal cortex, and male-specific decreases in Gad67 mRNA in parietal and insular cortex and medial septum). Metabolic activity was increased in medial septum, and in its efferent targets: mammillary body and (males only) subiculum. Functional connectivity was altered between orbitofrontal, insular and auditory cortex, and between septum and hippocampus/subiculum. Consistent with this circuit dysfunction, 16p11.2 DEL mice showed reduced prepulse inhibition, but enhanced performance in the continuous performance test of attentional ability. Level 1 autistic individuals show similarly heightened performance in the equivalent human test, also associated with parietal, insular-orbitofrontal and septo-subicular dysfunction. The data implicate cortical and septal GABAergic dysfunction, and resulting connectivity changes, as the cause of pre-attentional and attentional changes in autism.
Single-cell gene and isoform expression analysis reveals signatures of ageing in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Mincarelli Laura , Uzun Vladimir , Wright David , Scoones Anita , Rushworth Stuart A. , Haerty Wilfried , Macaulay Iain C.
Published: May 2023

Single-cell approaches have revealed that the haematopoietic hierarchy is a continuum of differentiation, from stem cell to committed progenitor, marked by changes in gene expression. However, many of these approaches neglect isoform-level information and thus do not capture the extent of alternative splicing within the system. Here, we present an integrated short- and long-read single-cell RNA-seq analysis of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We demonstrate that over half of genes detected in standard short-read single-cell analyses are expressed as multiple, often functionally distinct, isoforms, including many transcription factors and key cytokine receptors. We observe global and HSC-specific changes in gene expression with ageing but limited impact of ageing on isoform usage. Integrating single-cell and cell-type-specific isoform landscape in haematopoiesis thus provides a new reference for comprehensive molecular profiling of heterogeneous tissues, as well as novel insights into transcriptional complexity, cell-type-specific splicing events and consequences of ageing.
Cocoa plantations are associated with deforestation in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana
Authors: Kalischek Nikolai , Lang Nico , Renier Cécile , Daudt Rodrigo Caye , Addoah Thomas , Thompson William , Blaser-Hart Wilma J. , Garrett Rachael , Schindler Konrad , Wegner Jan D.
Published: May 2023

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, the world’s largest producers of cocoa, account for two thirds of the global cocoa production. In both countries, cocoa is the primary perennial crop, providing income to almost two million farmers. Yet precise maps of the area planted with cocoa are missing, hindering accurate quantification of expansion in protected areas, production and yields and limiting information available for improved sustainability governance. Here we combine cocoa plantation data with publicly available satellite imagery in a deep learning framework and create high-resolution maps of cocoa plantations for both countries, validated in situ. Our results suggest that cocoa cultivation is an underlying driver of over 37% of forest loss in protected areas in Côte d’Ivoire and over 13% in Ghana, and that official reports substantially underestimate the planted area (up to 40% in Ghana). These maps serve as a crucial building block to advance our understanding of conservation and economic development in cocoa-producing regions.
Transport and eruption of mantle xenoliths creates a lagging problem
Authors: Russell James K. , Jones Thomas J.
Published: May 2023

Mantle-derived xenoliths entrained by low viscosity magmas indicate transport through great thicknesses of orogenic (≲50-80 km) and cratonic ($$\lesssim$$
≲
20 km) mantle lithosphere. The size and density of xenoliths dictate that, relative to the ascending magma, they continuously settle during transport. This creates a lag time between when the initial sampling magma reaches the Earth’s surface and the arrival of the xenoliths. The magnitude of this lag time depends on xenolith properties, sampling depth and the magma ascent velocity. Here, using settling calculations, we develop this lag time concept and show how eruption durations and volumes can impact the distribution, abundance, and properties (e.g., sample depths, size) of xenoliths. Lag times can account for heterogenous xenolith distributions within volcanic deposits, the potential biased sampling of the mantle lithosphere, and can constrain minimum eruption volumes required to transport and erupt the deepest sourced xenoliths such as those producing diamondiferous kimberlites.
Differences in microbial diversity, composition and function during V(v) release and reduction in nitrate–V(v) co-contaminated water from liquid carbon sources
Authors: Wang Haishuang , Chen Nan , Feng Chuanping , Deng Yang , Lu Wang
Published: May 2023

With the increase of nitrate and V(v) pollution globally, microbially-driven pollutant reduction has attracted more and more attention.
Automated instant labeling chemistry workflow for real-time monitoring of monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation
Authors: Gyorgypal Aron , Potter Oscar G. , Chaturvedi Antash , Powers David N. , Chundawat Shishir P. S.
Published: May 2023

Integration of Instant Procainamide (Instant-PC) flow chemistry into the N-GLYcanyzer PAT sequential injection system enables automated real-time monitoring of mAb N-glycosylation dynamics to facilitate advanced biologics manufacturing processes.
Screen printing and laser-induced flexible sensors for the simultaneous sensitive detection of uric acid, tyrosine, and ascorbic acid in sweat
Authors: Chen Shuwen , Cao Zhikang , Zhou Kang , Li Shaoguang , Li Hui , Xu Kaichen , Tang Haibin , Deng Heng , Zhou Qitao , Pan Jing , Xia Fan
Published: May 2023

The advantages of screen-printed electrodes and a laser-induced graphene electrode are well integrated into one flexible sweat sensor, showing high sensitivity to uric acid in sweat and excellent mechanical properties.
Point of care testing (POCT) of cholesterol in blood serum via a moving reaction boundary electrophoresis titration chip
Authors: Khan Muhammad Idrees , Zhang Qiang , Tian Youli , Saud Shah , Cao Yiren , Ren Jicun , Liu Weiwen , Cao Chengxi
Published: May 2023

ET chip sensing model for CHO via MRB; CV+ produced by catalysis; image of real ET chip model for CHO determination; MRB formed with alkali CV+ and buffer OH− in gel-filled channels; distance graph measured per minute using MRB.
Structural and molecular insight into antibody recognition of dynamic neoepitopes in membrane tethered MUC1 of pancreatic cancer cells and secreted exosomes
Authors: Wakui Hajime , Yokoi Yasuhiro , Horidome Chieko , Ose Toyoyuki , Yao Min , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Hinou Hiroshi , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro
Published: May 2023

We unveil for the first time that pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) and secreted exosomes express MUC1 bearing cancer-relevant dynamic epitopes recognized specifically by an anti-MUC1 antibody (SN-131).
Prehistoric and technogenic loads of Hg in raised and blanket peats from the lower Amur River basin, eastern Asia
Authors: Kot Fyodor S. , Bazarova Valentina B. , Klimin Mikhail A. , Dugina Irina O. , Kopoteva Tatyana A.
Published: May 2023

Prehistoric and modern records of Hg in peats from the lower Amur River basin, eastern Asia, were investigated.
High-purity polypropylene from disposable face masks via solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation
Authors: Yu Jiuling , Munguía-López Aurora del Carmen , Cecon Victor S. , Sánchez-Rivera Kevin L. , Nelson Kevin , Wu Jiayang , Kolapkar Shreyas , Zavala Victor M. , Curtzwiler Greg W. , Vorst Keith L. , Bar-Ziv Ezra , Huber George W.
Published: May 2023

The high-purity polypropylene could be produced from the waste disposable face masks via an efficient solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) method, combined with a simple decolorization step.
Development of an optimised method for measurement of iodine-129 in decommissioning wastes using ICP-MS/MS
Authors: Zacharauskas Žilvinas , Warwick Phil , Russell Ben , Reading Dave , Croudace Ian
Published: May 2023

Tube furnace extraction combined with ICP-MS/MS for low-level 129I measurement in decommissioning samples, combined with matrix modification for improved sensitivity.
Selective laser ablation for in situ fabrication of enclosed channel porous-media microfluidic analytical devices
Authors: Sumantakul Saichon , Remcho Vincent T.
Published: May 2023

Patterning within a polymer-encapsulated porous fluidic layer, achieved via selective in situ laser ablation arising from different optical transmission properties.
Nano-alloying and nano-chemistry of the immiscible elements Fe and Cu in a FeSc–Cu nanoglass
Authors: Singh Shiv Prakash , Chellali Mohammed Reda , Boll Torben , Gleiter Herbert , Hahn Horst
Published: May 2023

In this study, the alloying of immiscible elements, Fe and Cu, at the atomic level was studied using three-dimensional atom probe tomography (3D APT).
Discovery of imeglimin-inspired novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antidiabetic agents in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats via inhibition of DPP-4
Authors: Gupta Akanksha , Bhat Hans Raj , Singh Udaya Pratap
Published: May 2023

Novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives bearing oxazine have been synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit a panel of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, 8, and 9 enzymes.
Integrated network pharmacology and fecal metabolomic analysis of the combinational mechanisms of Shexiang Baoxin Pill against atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Zhicong , Wan Qianqian , Xie Bin , Zhu Zifan , Xu Xike , Fu Peng , Liu Runhui
Published: May 2023

Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) has an excellent therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis (AS), but the combinational mechanisms of SBP against AS remain unclear.
Comprehensive evaluation of photoelectrochemical performance dependence on geometric features of ZnO nanorod electrodes
Authors: Guler Ali Can , Antos Jan , Masar Milan , Urbanek Michal , Machovsky Michal , Kuritka Ivo
Published: May 2023

Polyethyleneimine use in the synthesis of ZnO changed the aspect ratio and void space of ZnO NRs, with the ∼40 nm NR diameter showing the highest ECSA and thus PEC properties. Charge transfer and transport were facilitated due to unique geometrical features.
Magnetically driven preparation of 1-D nano-necklaces capable of MRI relaxation enhancement
Authors: King Aaron M. , Insinna Teresa , Wells Connor J. R. , Raby Isabel A. , Gun'ko Yurii K. , Davies Gemma-Louise
Published: May 2023

We report a novel magnetically-facilitated approach to produce 1-D ‘nano-necklace’ arrays composed of 0-D magnetic nanoparticles, which are assembled and coated with an oxide layer to produce semi-flexible core@shell type structures.
A general and selective Ni-catalysed reductive amination using hydrazine hydrate as facile hydrogen and nitrogen sources
Authors: Zhu Jiazheng , Duan Chengjie , Ye Sen , Zhang Qizhong , Li Kun , He Guangke , Liu Xiang , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: May 2023

Robust Ni-catalysed reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones with hydrazine hydrate yields primary amines (up to 99%). Enhanced reactivity and selectivity due to high Ni0 ratio, small-sized Ni nanoparticles, and strong hydrazine nucleophilicity.
Proposal of spin crossover as a reversible switch of catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction in two dimensional metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Ren Min , Zhu Xiangyu , Luo Qiquan , Li Xingxing , Yang Jinglong
Published: May 2023

Spin crossover (SCO) between high and low spin states enables the reversible switch of catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Air-stable mixed cation lead halide perovskite films and microscopic study of their degradation process
Authors: Agarwal Anubha , Omagari Shun , Vacha Martin
Published: May 2023

Photoluminescence microscopy and in situ spectroscopy reveal the mechanism of degradation of stable mixed cation perovskite films.
Selective 1,2-insertion of carbodiimides and substrate-divergent silyl group migration at 1-metallacyclobuta-2,3-dienes
Authors: Shi Xinzhe , Li Sihan , Spannenberg Anke , Reiß Fabian , Beweries Torsten
Published: May 2023

Carbodiimides undergo 1,2-insertion into 1-metalllacyclobuta-2,3-diene complexes, followed by silyl group migration, the nature of which depends on the carbodiimide substrate.
Halogenation triggering rules in hybrid materials for fluorescence and dielectric phase transitions
Authors: Wang Jun-Qin , Teri Gele , Ni Hao-Fei , Luo Qing-Feng , Wang Xiao-Ping , Fu Da-Wei , Zhang Yi , Guo Qiang
Published: May 2023

Three hybrid materials, (TMBPA)CdCl2Br (TMBPA-ClBr), (TMBPA)2CdBr4 (TMBPA-Br), and (TMIPA)2CdI4 (TMIPA-I), which exhibit dielectric and excellent photoluminescence properties, and the phase-transition temperature is controlled by the halogen modulation effect.
Regulating the spin density of CoIIIusing boron-doped carbon dots for enhanced electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Yu Jingkun , Lu Xingmei , Wei Yingying , Song Haoqiang , Cao Ang , Cai Jinmeng , Zang Shuang-Quan , Lu Siyu
Published: May 2023

Using B-doped carbon dots loading to change the electron spin density of magnetic Co3O4results in excellent activity in the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction.
Determining the resolution of a tracer for magnetic particle imaging by means of magnetic particle spectroscopy
Authors: Remmo Amani , Wiekhorst Frank , Kosch Olaf , Lyer Stefan , Unterweger Harald , Kratz Harald , Löwa Norbert
Published: May 2023

We evaluated 9 tracers by magnetic particle spectroscopy to estimate their magnetic particle imaging capability and investigated the correlation of 3 MPS parameters and the hydrodynamic size distribution with the achievable MPI resolution r determined by two-voxel-analysis.
Substituent effects on aromatic interactions in water
Authors: Tobajas-Curiel Gloria , Sun Qingqing , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Ballester Pablo , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: May 2023

Measurements using chemical double mutant cycles show that electron-withdrawing groups lead to remarkable increases in the stability of aromatic interactions, and the magnitude of the effect is much larger in water than in chloroform solution.
Self-assembly of achiral building blocks into chiral cyclophanes using non-directional interactions
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Ourri Benjamin , Skowron Pierre-Thomas , Jeamet Emeric , Chetot Titouan , Duchamp Christian , Belenguer Ana M. , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Cala Olivier , Dumont Elise , Mandal Pradeep K. , Huc Ivan , Perret Florent , Vial Laurent , Leclaire Julien
Published: May 2023

The transfer of stereo-electronic information from achiral building blocks and templates to chiral cyclophanes is rationalized and exploited to produce self-assembled macrocyclic species carrying up to 16 stereogenic elements.
Room temperature hydrogen storage enhancement in copper-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with trioctylamine
Authors: Pinjari Syedvali , Bera Tapan , Kjeang Erik
Published: May 2023

Cu-doping and trioctylamine modulation are effective modification approaches for hydrogen storage in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks under near-ambient conditions.
Bias-free photoelectrochemical H2O2 production with a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of 2.33%
Authors: Zhu Dan , Feng Chao , Fan Zeyu , Zhang Beibei , Luo Xin , Li Yanbo
Published: May 2023

A bias-free photoelectrochemical H2O2 production device combining an oxygen-evolving Mg:Ta3N5 photoanode with an H2O2-producing CC/CMK-3 cathode achieves a record solar-to-fuel efficiency of 2.33%.
p–n junction formation between CoPi and α-Fe2O3 layers enhanced photo-charge separation and catalytic efficiencies for efficient visible-light-driven water oxidation
Authors: Katsuki Tomohiro , Zahran Zaki N. , Tsubonouchi Yuta , Chandra Debraj , Hoshino Norihisa , Yagi Masayuki
Published: May 2023

A high performance for PEC water oxidation results from the formation of a p–n junction at the interface between CoPi and α-Fe2O3, which is first observed among the hitherto-reported α-Fe2O3/CoPi-based electrodes.
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of EuZrO3 solid solutions
Authors: Li Sihui , Konishi Shinya , Kito Takuya , Fujita Koji , Tanaka Katsuhisa
Published: May 2023

The stable magnetic structure of EuZrO3 solid solution is tuned with the change of lattice volume. In particular, the ferromagnetic state is stabilized by the increase in lattice volume, which experimentally verifies the theoretical prediction.
Reprogramming of glucose metabolism via PFKFB4 is critical in FGF16-driven invasion of breast cancer cells
Authors: Kar Swarnali , Maji Nilanjana , Sen Kamalika , Roy Stuti , Maity Atanu , Ghosh Dastidar Shubhra , Nath Somsubhra , Basu Gautam , Basu Moitri
Published: May 2023

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are expressed in both developing and adult tissues and play important roles in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Here, we report the elevated expression of FGF16 in human breast tumor and investigate its potential involvement in breast cancer progression. The onset of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a prerequisite for cancer metastasis, was observed in human mammary epithelial cell-line MCF10A by FGF16. Further study unveiled that FGF16 alters mRNA expression of a set of extracellular matrix genes to promote cellular invasion. Cancer cells undergoing EMT often show metabolic alteration to sustain their continuous proliferation and energy-intensive migration. Similarly, FGF16 induced a significant metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. At the molecular level, FGF16 enhanced GLUT3 expression to facilitate glucose transport into cells, which through aerobic glycolysis generates lactate. The bi-functional protein, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) was found to be a mediator in FGF16-driven glycolysis and subsequent invasion. Furthermore, PFKFB4 was found to play a critical role in promoting lactate-induced cell invasion since silencing PFKFB4 decreased lactate level and rendered the cells less invasive. These findings support potential clinical intervention of any of the members of FGF16-GLUT3-PFKFB4 axis to control the invasion of breast cancer cells.
An advanced discrete‐time RNN for handling discrete time‐varying matrix inversion: Form model design to disturbance‐suppression analysis
Authors: Shi Yang , Shi Qiaowen , Cao Xinwei , Li Bin , Sun Xiaobing , Gerontitis Dimitrios K.
Published: May 2023

Time‐varying matrix inversion is an important field of matrix research, and lots of research achievements have been obtained. In the process of solving time‐varying matrix inversion, disturbances inevitably exist, thus, a model that can suppress disturbance while solving the problem is required. In this paper, an advanced continuous‐time recurrent neural network (RNN) model based on a double integral RNN design formula is proposed for solving continuous time‐varying matrix inversion, which has incomparable disturbance‐suppression property. For digital hardware applications, the corresponding advanced discrete‐time RNN model is proposed based on the discretisation formulas. As a result of theoretical analysis, it is demonstrated that the advanced continuous‐time RNN model and the corresponding advanced discrete‐time RNN model have global and exponential convergence performance, and they are excellent for suppressing different disturbances. Finally, inspiring experiments, including two numerical experiments and a practical experiment, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the advanced discrete‐time RNN model for solving discrete time‐varying matrix inversion with disturbance‐suppression.
Fast estimation of direction of arrival based on sparse Bayesian learning for towed array sonar during manoeuvring
Authors: Pan Xiang , Zhang Zican , Li Yuxiao , Xu Weize
Published: May 2023

For improving performance of the towed array sonar during the manoeuvring period, a processing framework is proposed based on joint estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) and the array shape. The sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm is utilised to accurately estimate the DOAs of interesting targets. Meanwhile, the towed array shape is modelled as a parabola array, and the array element positions are estimated using the bow of the parabola. Then, an approximate posterior covariance is implemented to the SBL for a fast converging speed required by practical applications. Besides, the co‐prime array structure is considered for the uniform linear array to further reduce the computational load. The numerical simulations have verified the effectiveness of the fast converging SBL method. MAPEX2000 experimental data processing results have shown that the proposed framework performs well in detection of weak targets during slow turns.
Assessing the number of twists of stranded wires using ultrasound
Authors: Pomarède Pascal , Ahmed Mohamed Esam Eldin Tagelsir , Declercq Nico Felicien
Published: May 2023

Wiring, of different degrees of complexity, is a dominant part of mechanical support in constructions, electromagnetic and telecommunication signal transmission cables, among other applications. Single and manifold twisted wires are prominent examples of such utilities and are susceptible to mechanical irritations and deterioration. They require ultrasonic non-destructive testing and health monitoring. The objective is to develop an ultrasound-based technique to automatically measure the number of twists per meter in winded wire strands implementable in the industry, to be used during an ultrasonic scan and provide the number of twists per meter during cable production, for instance, to verify that calibration is still in place. Fourier transformation is applied as an expedited non-destructive testing method of twisted wires. Digital signal processing to obtain spatial and time spectral representation recognition due to amplitude variance, induced by the varying distance between the transducer and wire, is developed depending on the number of twists. Two different spatial spectral analyses satisfactorily quantify the number of twists by providing the distance between each twist. The method is robust and applicable when the distance between the transducer and strand is not constant, as the industry requires.
Method to control the amount of “musical” noise for speech quality assessments
Authors: Gößwein Jonathan Albert , Kollmeier Birger , Rennies Jan
Published: May 2023

This study presents a method of adding to clean speech signals a controlled degree of “musical” noise distortions that mimic typical artefacts of speech enhancement systems. The resulting distorted speech signals were evaluated with respect to listening effort and sound quality in subjective listening tests and via model predictions. Both subjective ratings and model prediction outcomes covered the entire rating scale from “excellent”/ “no effort” to “bad”/ “extreme effort”, respectively, in a consistent way. The proposed method proved to be useful for systematic assessments of “musical” noise distortions for the conditions tested in this study.
Health effects of ionising radiation in paediatrics undergoing either cardiac fluoroscopy or modern radiotherapy (The HARMONIC project)
Authors: Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Timmermann Beate , Journy Neige , Bernier Marie-Odile , McNally Richard , Dabin Jérémie , Brualla Lorenzo , Haghdoost Siamak , Sarukhan Adelaida , Haustermans Karin , De Wit Inge , Isebaert Sofie , Lassen-Ramshad Yasmin , Tram Henriksen Louise , Høyer Morten , Toussaint Laura , Boissonnat Guillaume , Thariat Juliette , Demoor-Goldschmidt Charlotte , Haddy Nadia , Bolle Stéphanie , Fresneau Brice , Belhout Amel , Dreger Steffen , Zeeb Hajo , Grazia Andreassi Maria , Campolo Jonica , Picano Eugenio , Jahnen Andreas , Ronckers Cécile , Maduro John H. , Kjaerheim Kristina , Døhlen Gaute , Robsahm Trude Eid , Olerud Hilde M. , Thevathas Utheya Salini , Afroz Susmita , Helge Østerås Bjørn , Schneider Uwe , Walsh Linda , Dumas Agnès , Jackson Angéla , Rage Estelle , De Saint-Hubert Marijke , Hardy Richard , Bäumer Christian , Steinmeier Theresa , Botzenhardt Suzan , Wette Martina , Ortiz Rodney , Chumak Vadim
Published: May 2023

The use of ionising radiation (IR) for medical diagnosis and treatment procedures has had a major impact on the survival of paediatric patients. Although the benefits of these techniques lead to efficient health care, evaluation of potential associated long-term health effects is required. HARMONIC aims to better understand the increased risk of cancer and non-cancer effects after exposure to medical IR in children with cancer treated with modern external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) – radiation energy in MeV range – and in children with cardiac defects diagnosed and treated with cardiac fluoroscopy procedures (CFP) – radiation energy in keV range. The project investigates, among survivors of paediatric cancer, potential endocrine dysfunction, cardiovascular and neurovascular damage, health-related quality of life and second (and subsequent) primary cancer (SPC). The cardiac component builds a pooled cohort of approximately 90 000 paediatric patients who underwent CFP during childhood and adolescence to investigate cancer risk following exposure to IR and explore the potential effects of conditions predisposing to cancer. HARMONIC develops software tools to allow dose reconstruction in both EBRT and CFP to enable epidemiological investigations and future optimisation of treatments. With the creation of a biobank of blood and saliva samples, HARMONIC aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced adverse health effects and identify potential biomarkers that can predict these effects.
Estimation of parallelism measurement uncertainty according to the Geometrical Product Specifications standard using coordinate measuring machine
Authors: Habibi Nabil , Jalid Abdelilah , Salih Abdelouahab , Hanane Hassane
Published: May 2023

The dimensional and geometrical specifications control of a mechanical part is commonly done using a coordinate measuring machine. Collecting and processing measurement data through a probe, it allows measuring the conformity of the part according to specific tolerances. An accurate estimation of the uncertainty of measurement is critical; it is within this framework that our study is oriented; we aim to estimate the measurement uncertainty of parallelism error using the Guide to the Expression of Measurement Uncertainty (GUM), then we will proceed to a Monte Carlo simulation to compare the obtained uncertainty, we will then proceed to an inter-laboratory comparison to validate our model. Our contribution is based on a more detailed and precise estimation of the uncertainties of the measurement process taking into accounts the calibration of the machine and the propagation of uncertainties.
Research and control of a new dual-modulation magnetic gear compound motor for electric vehicles based on a mathematical model and FEA co-simulation
Authors: Wang Jun-Gang , Zhang Bin , Qian Li-Qun
Published: May 2023

According to the development of the electric vehicle motor drives, a magnetic gear compound motor with small size, lightweight, non-contact, and high-power has a good development prospect in the new energy electric vehicle industry. A new dual-modulation magnetic gear compound motor (DMFMCM) with high torque, low torque ripple, and high mechanical strength is proposed in the paper. The topology and driving principle of DMFMCM are analyzed in this paper, and the finite elements analysis (FEA) is used to compare and analyze the DMFMCM and the conventional magnetic gear compound motor (CMGCM). Furthermore, the mathematical model of DMFMCM is established to achieve the decoupling of the three-phase voltage or current, and the mathematical model and FEA co-simulation is established to ensure the accuracy of the mathematical model. Finally, according to the principle of SVPWM controlled by id = 0, the paper simulates a PI-adjusted three-phase DMFMCM control system model. The result shows that the DMFMCM controlled by SVPWM has high stability, strong anti-interference ability and good speed regulation performance, thus meeting the development of electric vehicles.
High risk and impact factors on construction management process − case study of COVID-19 of a hospital in Iraq
Authors: Al-Saffar Mustafa , Darwish Abdul Salam K. , Farrell Peter
Published: May 2023

The pandemic of COVID-19 crisis suddenly appeared worldwide, and there were no proper crisis management procedures taken in advance to contain such a problem. Moreover, it has had harmful and unmeasured consequences on most life sectors, including construction, which has been severely impacted during the pandemic. This paper aims to review factors with a high-risk impact on hospitals' construction projects during the outbreak of COVID-19 in developing countries by considering the case of Iraq's construction sector. A mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. The qualitative method involved (1) a literature review and (2) semi-structured interviews to identify high-risk factors that affect construction projects during the outbreak of COVID-19. The quantitative method involved (1) collecting survey data from 205 industry professionals and experts to determine each risk factor's importance and influence. Cronbach's alpha test to check the reliability of the collected data set, and (3) a fuzzy inference system method was used to assess the impact of each factor on construction projects during the pandemic. The findings of this study indicate that the construction industry has been hit severely during the COVID-19 in Iraq. Moreover, 17 high-risk sub-factors under six main construction factors involve health and safety, risk management, management deficiency, financial, supply chain management and contractual impact hospital construction projects. Furthermore, the most significant risk factors had impacted hospital construction projects by calculating their means were (1) commitment to safety and health recommendations with a level of impact equal to 4.81; (2) risk management procedures with a level of impact equal to 4.63; (3) equipment delivery delays with a level of impact equal to 4.54; (4) worker acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination with a level of impact equal to 4.36; (5) increase of price material with a level of impact equal to 4.18; (6) lack of use of the latest technology with a level of impact equal to 4.09; (7) delay in payments with a level of impact equal to 3.90; and (8) lack of training to deal with the pandemic with a level of impact equal to 3.81. As such, this paper contributes by providing effective policies and measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on hospital construction projects in Iraq.
Urologie 2030: Die dringende Notwendigkeit die Digitalisierung in der Urologie schon jetzt voranzutreiben um die medizinische Versorgung aufrecht erhalten zu können – ein Expertenkonsens
Authors: Huber Johannes , Borgmann Hendrik , Miller Kurt , Merseburger Axel S. , Krege Susanne , Gratzke Christian
Published: May 2023

Das deutsche Gesundheitswesen wird aufgrund des demografischen Wandels und damit
einhergehender steigender Patientenzahlen bei einem aber schon jetzt bestehenden Mangel an
medizinischem Fachpersonal eine große Herausforderung in der Patientenversorgung erleben. Um
diese auf hohem Niveau quantitativ und qualitativ halten zu können, sollte die Digitalisierung
der Urologie zeitnah und mit Nachdruck vorangetrieben werden, denn digitale Anwendungen, wie
Online-Terminvereinbarungen, Videosprechstunden, digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs), und
andere, könnten die Behandlungseffizienz deutlich verbessern. Die schon lange geplante
Einführung der elektronischen Patientenakte (ePA) wird diesen Prozess hoffentlich
beschleunigen und auch medizinische Online-Plattformen könnten mit fragebogenbasierter
Telemedizin zu einem festen Bestandteil neuer Behandlungsarten werden, die aus dem dringend
benötigten Strukturwandel – hin zu mehr digitaler Medizin – hervorgehen könnten. Dieser
Wandel, den das Gesundheitssystem schon jetzt dringend benötigt, muss vonseiten der
Leistungserbringer, aber unbedingt auch von Politik und Administration gefordert und gefördert
werden um die positive Entwicklung der Digitalisierung in der (urologischen) Medizin zu
erreichen.
Preclinical Cartilage Changes of the Knee Joint in Adolescent Competitive Volleyball Players: A Prospective T2 Mapping Study
Authors: Roth Christian , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang , Sorge Ina , Kiess Wieland , Jurkutat Anne , Witt Maren , Böker Eva , Gräfe Daniel
Published: May 2023

Purpose To investigate the potential effects of volleyball as a competitive sport in adolescence on the cartilage of knee joints using T2 mapping in MRI and identification of preclinical cartilage changes. Volleyball as an impact sport often leads to damage of the knee joint cartilage in adulthood. As T2 mapping is widely available and highly capable of detecting cartilage changes prior to conventional MRI sequences, such a detection may allow adolescent volleyball players to change their training regime before structural damage can occur to the cartilage and pose the risk of osteoarthritis.

Materials and Methods Comparative study of the patellar, femoral, and tibial cartilage of 60 knee joints using T2 mapping on 3 T MRI. In each case, both knees of 15 adolescent competitive volleyball athletes were compared with 15 controls.

Results In the group of competitive athletes, more focal cartilage changes were detected in the medial facet of the patellofemoral cartilage and in the medial femoral condyle of the knee joint cartilage (p = .01 and p <.05, respectively). Furthermore, the latter showed a diffused increase in maximal T2 mapping values (p <.04 right and p = .05 left). The distribution of changes seems to further depend on the player’s position.

Conclusion In adolescent volleyball players in competitive sports, T2 mapping demonstrates early cartilage changes in both the patellofemoral and medial femoral cartilages. The distribution of lesions depends on the player’s position. Since the cascade from T2 relaxation time increase to conspicuous cartilage damage is well established, early counter-regulation (e. g., adapted training profile, targeted physiotherapy, and appropriate muscle building training) has the potential to prevent later damage.

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Modern preoperative imaging and functional mapping in patients with intracranial glioma
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Zhang Haosu , Kloth Christopher , Zimmer Claus , Wiestler Benedikt , Rosskopf Johannes , Kreiser Kornelia , Schmitz Bernd , Beer Meinrad , Krieg Sandro M.
Published: May 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in therapy-naïve intracranial glioma is paramount for neuro-oncological diagnostics, and it provides images that are helpful for surgery planning and intraoperative guidance during tumor resection, including assessment of the involvement of functionally eloquent brain structures. This study reviews emerging MRI techniques to depict structural information, diffusion characteristics, perfusion alterations, and metabolism changes for advanced neuro-oncological imaging. In addition, it reflects current methods to map brain function close to a tumor, including functional MRI and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation with derived function-based tractography of subcortical white matter pathways. We conclude that modern preoperative MRI in neuro-oncology offers a multitude of possibilities tailored to clinical needs, and advancements in scanner technology (e. g., parallel imaging for acceleration of acquisitions) make multi-sequence protocols increasingly feasible. Specifically, advanced MRI using a multi-sequence protocol enables noninvasive, image-based tumor grading and phenotyping in patients with glioma. Furthermore, the add-on use of preoperatively acquired MRI data in combination with functional mapping and tractography facilitates risk stratification and helps to avoid perioperative functional decline by providing individual information about the spatial location of functionally eloquent tissue in relation to the tumor mass.

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Learning Sensory Nerve Coaptation in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Smeele Hansje P. , Beugels Jop , Kuijk Sander M. J. van , Hulst René R. W. J. van der , Tuinder Stefania M. H.
Published: May 2023

Background The aims of this study were to assess whether sensory nerve coaptation in free flap breast reconstruction is subject to learning, and to elucidate challenges of this technique.

Methods In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we reviewed consecutive free flap breast reconstructions performed between March 2015 and August 2018. Data were extracted from medical records, and missing values were imputed. We assessed learning by exploring associations between case number and probability of successful nerve coaptation using a multivariable mixed-effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed in a subgroup of cases with evidence of attempted coaptation. Recorded reasons for failed coaptation attempts were grouped into thematic categories. Multivariable mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between case number and postoperative mechanical detection threshold.

Results Nerve coaptation was completed in 250 of 564 (44%) included breast reconstructions. Success rates varied considerably between surgeons (range 21–78%). In the total sample, the adjusted odds of successful nerve coaptation increased 1.03-fold for every unit increase in case number (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05, p < 0.05), but sensitivity analysis refuted this apparent learning effect (adjusted odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.01, p = 0.34). The most frequently recorded reasons for failed nerve coaptation attempts were inability to locate a donor or recipient nerve. Postoperative mechanical detection thresholds showed a negligible, positive association with case number (estimate 0.00, 95% confidence interval 0.00–0.01, p < 0.05).

Conclusion This study does not provide evidence in support of a learning process for nerve coaptation in free flap breast reconstruction. Nevertheless, the identified technical challenges suggest that surgeons may benefit from training visual search skills, familiarizing with relevant anatomy, and practicing techniques for achieving tensionless coaptation. This study complements prior studies exploring therapeutic benefit of nerve coaptation by addressing technical feasibility.
Potential for a Virtual Care Model in the Perioperative Management of Anticoagulant Therapy: A 5-Year Retrospective Clinic Review
Authors: Douketis James Luke , Schulman Sam
Published: May 2023

Background With a trend toward greater virtual care in selected clinical settings, perioperative anticoagulant management appears well suited for this care delivery model. We explored the potential for virtual care among patients who are receiving anticoagulant therapy and require perioperative management around the time of an elective surgery/procedure.

Methods We undertook a retrospective review of patients who were receiving anticoagulant therapy, either a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) or warfarin, assessed in a perioperative anticoagulation-bridging clinic over a 5-year period from 2016 to 2020. Using prespecified criteria, we determined the proportion of patients who likely would be suitable for virtual care (receiving a DOAC or warfarin and having a minimal- or low-/moderate-bleed-risk surgery/procedure), those who likely would be suitable for in-person care (receiving warfarin and requiring heparin bridging for a mechanical heart valve), and patients who would be suitable for either care delivery model (receiving a DOAC or warfarin, but not with a mechanical heart valve, and requiring a high-bleed-risk surgery/procedure).

Results During the 5-year study period, there were 4,609 patients assessed for perioperative anticoagulant management in whom the most widely used anticoagulants were warfarin (37%), apixaban (30%), and rivaroxaban (24%). Within each year assessed, 4 to 20% of all patients were undergoing a minimal-bleed-risk procedure, 76 to 82% were undergoing a low-/moderate-bleed-risk surgery/procedure, and 10 to 39% were undergoing a high-bleed-risk surgery/procedure. The proportion of patients considered suitable for virtual, in-person, or either virtual or in-person management was 79.6, 7.1, and 13.3%, respectively.

Conclusion In patients who were assessed in a perioperative anticoagulation clinic, there was a high proportion of patients in whom a virtual care model might be suitable.
Conservative Treatment of Stage IA1 Cervical Carcinoma Without Lymphovascular Space Invasion: A 20-year Retrospective Study in Brazil
Authors: Alberton Daniele Lima , Salcedo Mila Pontremoli , Zen Raquel Potrich , Ferreira Charles Francisco , Schmeler Kathleen , Pessini Suzana Arenhart
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To evaluate recurrence rates and risk factors among women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymph vascular space invasion managed conservatively.

Methods: retrospective review of women with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer who underwent cold knife cone or loop electrosurgical excision procedure, between 1994 and 2015, at a gynecologic oncology center in Southern Brazil. Age at diagnosis, pre-conization findings, conization method, margin status, residual disease, recurrence and survival rates were collected and analyzed.

Results: 26 women diagnosed with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion underwent conservative management and had at least 12 months follow-up. The mean follow-up was 44.6 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.9 years. Median first intercourse occurred at age 16 years, 11.5% were nulliparous and 30.8% were current or past tobacco smokers. There was one Human immunodeficiency virus positive patient diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 at 30 months after surgery. However, there were no patients diagnosed with recurrent invasive cervical cancer and there were no deaths due to cervical cancer or other causes in the cohort.

Conclusion: Excellent outcomes were noted in women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion and with negative margins who were managed conservatively, even in a developing country.
Current and Future Needs for Interventional Radiologists in Saudi Arabia: Position Statement by the Saudi Interventional Radiology Society
Authors: AlSafran Zakariya A. , Arabi Mohammad , Alsafran Fahad S. , Ashour Majed A. , Justaniah Almamoon I.
Published: May 2023

Saudi Arabia has gone through a huge expansion in the medical services, which increased the demand for interventional radiologist (IR) services. However, the current number of IRs is considerably less than the needed number, which poses a challenge to provide a 24/7 IR service coverage. The shortage may improve in the future, but it will continue through 2030 despite the successful local fellowship training program.
Crumpling charged film sizes up the flexoelectric effect
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: May 2023

Crumpled flexoelectret film demonstrates enhanced flexoelectricity at the macroscale compared to that of a typical pure dielectric film.