bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assembled Morphology of Copper‐Thiourea Coordination‐Mediated Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyang , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao
Published: January 2023

Metallo‐supramolecular polymers represent a powerful platform to construct self‐assembled morphologies. Copper‐thiourea (Cu‐TU) coordination interactions, though have been extensively studied in small molecular system, the role of TU motifs in synthetic polymers using metal–ligand coordination to afford supramolecular aggregation and their morphology are often overlooked. Herein, an amphiphilic random copolymer, poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) ethyl acrylate‐r‐acylthiourea) (P(OEGEA‐r‐ATU)), bearing pendant TU motifs behaving as the ligand to coordinate Cu, a design characterized by core‐coordinated metallo‐supramolecular polymer is rationally synthesized. Indeed, rod‐like nano‐objects are successfully generated via the self‐assembly and coordination interaction between P(OEGEA‐r‐ATU) and Cu. The spatial distribution of TU moieties in polymer chain, along with their Cu chelating capability, featuring the interchain coordination interaction, is tightly related to metallo‐supramolecular polymer organization. The specific Cu‐TU coordination interactions enable the prompted robustness and stability of soft P(OEGEA‐r‐ATU), induce the polymer chain configuration, which eventually furnish efficient fabrication of rod‐like nano‐objects via straightforward nanoprecipitation procedure. These structural motifs of copper‐coordinated, rod‐like nano‐objects from such metallo‐supramolecular polymers endow the potential therapeutic properties, such as anti‐inflammatory and antitumor effects.
Top management team stability and enterprise innovation: A chairman's implicit human capital perspective
Authors: Cao Danting , Yu Yike
Published: January 2023

Based on the data of A‐share listed enterprise from 2008 to 2020, the paper investigates the impact of the stability of top management team on enterprise innovation from the perspective of chairman's implicit human capital. The results show that a stable top management team can effectively promote enterprise innovation; the chairman's psychological capital plays an inverted U‐shaped regulatory role in the impact of the stability of the top management team on enterprise innovation; the social capital and emotional capital play a positive regulatory role in the impact of the stability of the top management team on enterprise innovation. After further identifying the motivation of enterprise innovation, it is confirmed that the stability of top management team promotes enterprise innovation and the chairman's implicit human capital regulates enterprise substantive innovation. The research of this paper provides new ideas for optimizing the human resource and organizational structure of top management team and improve the efficiency of enterprise innovation.
Rejecting coercion, embracing community innovation
Authors: Rosenthal Harvey
Published: January 2023

In 2023, we must join together to reverse appalling trends that are being implemented from New York to California and are taking us backwards to the policies of coercion, criminalization and confinement, most notably by the increased use of inpatient and outpatient forced treatment orders.
FDA approves new treatment for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2023

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Leqembi (lecanemab‐irmb) via its accelerated approval pathway for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the agency announced in a news release on Jan. 6. Leqembi is the second of a new category of medications approved for Alzheimer's disease that target the fundamental pathophysiology of the disease. These medications represent an important advancement in the ongoing fight to effectively treat Alzheimer's disease.
Miniaturized nonresonant photoacoustic gas analyzer for CO2 detection
Authors: Zhang Guangyin , Guo Min , Zhao Xinyu , Cui Dongyu , Xu Lin , Wang Nan , Ni Rui , Qi Hongchao , Zhao Jikuan , Chen Ke
Published: January 2023

In this letter, a portable trace carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement instrument based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) was proposed and designed. The nonresonance PA cell (PAC) including a cooper tube with 251.2 μl was designed. Two condenser microphones were used to measure the PA signal simultaneously. The center wavelength of the distributed feedback laser was chosen to 2004 nm. Within 1 s integral time, the detection limit for CO2 reached 12.7 ppm. The normalized noise‐equivalent absorption coefficient was calculated to be 4.8468 × 10−9 cm−1W/Hz1/2. With Allan‐Werle deviation analysis, the measurement detection limit for CO2 improved to 4 ppm with 30 s integration time. As a result, the trace CO2 instrument based on PAS shows a good performance in long‐term detection.
A stochastic averaging gradient algorithm with multi‐step communication for distributed optimization
Authors: Zheng Zuqing , Yan Yu , Feng Liping , Du Zhenyuan , Li Huaqing , Wang Zheng , Hu Jinhui
Published: January 2023

This paper studies distributed convex optimization problems over an undirected network where all nodes cooperate to minimize a sum of local objective functions. Each local objective function is further assumed to be an average of several convex instantaneous functions. By incorporating the stochastic averaging gradient into the distributed first‐order primal‐dual method, a stochastic averaging gradient algorithm with multi‐step communication is proposed to solve the optimization problem. For each node, one randomly selected gradient of an instantaneous function is evaluated per iteration, which effectively reduces the computation cost of the algorithm. Based on conditions of strong convexity and Lipschitz continuity of the local instantaneous functions, a linear convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is guaranteed. Numerical simulations on the logistic regression problem demonstrate the performance of the algorithm and correctness of the theoretical results.
Aerosol Concentrations During Otolaryngology Procedures in a Negative Pressure Isolation Room
Authors: Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Sirinara Patthrarawalai , Tangjaturonrasme Napadon , Panyametheekul Sirima , Ngamsritrakul Thawat , Supaphan Uraiwan , Boonroung Thirayu , Ongphichetmetha Napassorn , Koosrivinij Saraporn , Snidvongs Kornkiat
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the role of a negative pressure room with a high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system on reducing aerosol exposure in common otolaryngology procedures.

Study Design

Prospective quantification of aerosol generation.

Settings

Tertiary care.

Methods

The particle concentrations were measured at various times during tracheostomy tube changes with tracheostomy suctioning, nasal endoscopy with suctioning, and fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FOL), which included 5 times per procedure in a negative pressure isolation room with a HEPA filter and additional 5 times in a nonpressure‐controlled room without a HEPA filter. The particle concentrations were measured from the baseline, during the procedure, and continued until 30 minutes after the procedure ended. The particle concentrations were compared to the baseline concentrations.

Results

The particle concentration significantly increased from the baseline during tracheostomy tube changes (mean difference [MD] 0.80 × 106 p/m3, p = .01), tracheostomy suctioning (MD 0.78 × 106 p/m3, p = .004), at 2 minutes (MD 1.29 × 106 p/m3, p = .01), and 3 minutes (MD 1.3 × 106 p/m3, p = .004) after suctioning. There were no significant differences in the mean particle concentrations among various time points during nasal endoscopy with suctioning and FOL neither in isolation nor nonpressure‐controlled rooms.

Conclusion

A negative pressure isolation room with a HEPA filter was revealed to be safe for medical personnel inside and outside the room. Tracheostomy tube change with tracheostomy suctioning required an isolation room because this procedure generated aerosol, while nasal endoscopy with suctioning and FOL did not. Aerosol generated in an isolation room was diminished to the baseline after 4 minutes.
Psychosocial Measures and Outcomes Among Caregivers of Children With Tracheostomies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Acorda Darlene E. , Brown Jennifer N. , Lambert Elton M. , Gibbs Karen DiValerio
Published: January 2023

Objective

Children with tracheostomies have complex medical issues that require long‐term technology dependence and continuous medical care at home. Parents of tracheostomy‐dependent children often assume the majority of their child's home care leading to a shift in family dynamics and a decrease in caregiver quality of life. This systematic review sought to identify instruments to measure caregiver psychosocial outcomes after their child's tracheostomy and report on the findings.

Data Sources

A systematic review was performed using Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE.

Review Methods

Studies that evaluated psychosocial outcomes in caregivers of tracheostomy‐dependent children were included.

Results

We screened a total of 1286 nonduplicate records to include a total of 12 studies assessing the psychosocial outcomes of parents of tracheostomy‐dependent children. Fourteen instruments were identified. Caregivers reported lower quality of life when compared to other chronic caregiver groups. They experienced high degrees of stress, struggled to cope individually and as a family unit, and experienced decision regret and conflict.

Conclusion

Findings from this review suggest a significant impact on caregiver psychosocial well‐being, but few quantitative studies investigated this dynamic with measures validated in this caregiver population. This review demonstrates the need for longitudinal studies using validated tools to assess the long‐term impacts and outcomes of caregivers of the tracheostomy‐dependent child.
Anti‐CD40L therapy prevents the formation of precursor lesions to gastric B‐cell MALT lymphoma in a mouse model
Authors: Ying Le , Liu Phoebe , Ding Zhoujie , Wray‐McCann Georgie , Emery Jack , Colon Nina , Le Lena HM , Tran Le Son , Xu Ping , Yu Liang , Philpott Dana J , Tu Yugang , Cheah Daryl MZ , Cheng Chee L , Lim Soon T , Ong Choon K , Ferrero Richard L
Published: January 2023

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a B‐cell tumour that develops over many decades in the stomachs of individuals with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. We developed a new mouse model of human gastric MALT lymphoma in which mice with a myeloid‐specific deletion of the innate immune molecule, Nlrc5, develop precursor B‐cell lesions to MALT lymphoma at only 3 months post‐Helicobacter infection versus 9–24 months in existing models. The gastric B‐cell lesions in the Nlrc5 knockout mice had the histopathological features of the human disease, notably lymphoepithelial‐like lesions, centrocyte‐like cells, and were infiltrated by dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and T‐cells (CD4+, CD8+ and Foxp3+). Mouse and human gastric tissues contained immune cells expressing immune checkpoint receptor programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand PD‐L1, indicating an immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment. We next determined whether CD40L, overexpressed in a range of B‐cell malignancies, may be a potential drug target for the treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma. Importantly, we showed that the administration of anti‐CD40L antibody either coincident with or after establishment of Helicobacter infection prevented gastric B‐cell lesions in mice, when compared with the control antibody treatment. Mice administered the CD40L antibody also had significantly reduced numbers of gastric DCs, CD8+ and Foxp3+ T‐cells, as well as decreased gastric expression of B‐cell lymphoma genes. These findings validate the potential of CD40L as a therapeutic target in the treatment of human gastric B‐cell MALT lymphoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Addressing another threat to food safety: Conflict
Authors: Ortega‐Beltran Alejandro , Bandyopadhyay Ranajit
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact Statement

The conflict between Ukraine and Russia will negatively affect not only food security but also food safety. Crops produced in Ukraine and Russia are at little risk of contamination by mycotoxins such as aflatoxin. However, due to the conflict, wheat, maize, sunflower, and other crops that would have been produced in and exported from Ukraine will need to be produced somewhere else. If done in warm production areas, strategies will need to be implemented to prevent mycotoxin contamination, which has negative health, social, and economic impacts.

Conflicts across the globe affect food security and also have a heavy toll on food safety. Many of the areas affected by conflict are breadbaskets for multiple countries. When the production of staple crops is compromised by diverse conflicts, it becomes necessary to grow them somewhere else to satisfy local, regional, and/or international requirements. However, if that production is done in tropical and subtropical zones, it must be done incorporating strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination, which has negative health, social, and economic impacts. Otherwise, increased production of susceptible crops in mycotoxin‐prone areas may augment the already occurring negative impacts, which are severe in the global south.
Structural characterization, derivatization and antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites produced by termite‐associated Streptomyces showdoensisBYF17
Authors: Huang Zhongdi , Tang Wei , Jiang Taoshan , Xu Xiaoting , Kong Kun , Shi Shuping , Zhang Shuxiang , Cao Wei , Zhang Yinglao
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Insect‐associated Streptomyces is a valuable resource for development of compounds with antibacterial potential. However, relatively little is known of the secondary metabolites produced by termite‐associated Streptomyces.

RESULTS

Here, seven compounds including o‐acetaminophenol (1), phenazine‐1,6‐dicarboxylic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), phenazinolin D (4), izumiphenazine A (5), izumiphenazine B (6) and phenazinolin E (7) were obtained from the fermentation broth of a termite‐associated Streptomyces showdoensis BYF17, which was isolated from the body surfaces of Odontotermes formosanus. Two additional novel derivative compounds (6a and 6b) were synthesized via acetylation and methylation, respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The antibacterial bioassay showed that compound 6a displayed strong inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter of 20.6 mm, which was comparable to that of positive gentamicin sulfate with a ZOI value of 25.6 mm. Furthermore, the Day 5 curative activities of both compounds 6 and 6a against kiwifruit bacterial canker were 71.5%, which was higher than those of referred oxine‐copper (55.0%) and ethylicin (46.8%) at a concentration of 200 μg mL−1. In addition, the mechanism analysis based on scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that both compounds 6 and 6a destroyed the integrity of the Psa cell membrane.

CONCLUSION

The results of biological tests showed that these bioactive compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial activities, which have the potential to be developed into new antibacterial agents. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A woman's lifetime risk disparities in maternal mortality in Ethiopia
Authors: Borde Moges Tadesse
Published: January 2023

Background

In Ethiopia, a woman's lifetime risk (chance) of dying from maternal causes over a woman's reproductive lifespan continues to be a public health challenge. However, detailed evidence is scarce. This study aimed to assess woman's lifetime risk disparities in maternal mortality.

Methods

National data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey from 2000 to 2016 were used. To determine a woman's lifetime risk of dying, first, the maternal mortality ratio was calculated. Then, a woman's lifetime risk of dying was calculated. Four policy‐relevant socio‐economic factors were assessed: residence, education, regional states and economic status. To assess a woman's lifetime risk disparities in maternal mortality, the rate ratio (R) was used as per the World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit and software.

Results

From 61,610 respondents, 795 deaths were reported. A woman's lifetime risk of dying nearly halved from 4.6% in 2000 (1 in 22 women) to 1.9% in 2016 (1 in 52 women). In 2016, the highest woman's lifetime risk of dying was observed among rural women (1 in 111 women), in Oromiya regional state (1 in 71 women), women with secondary education (1 in 82 women) and women with middle income (1 in 77 women). The socioeconomic factors that drive a woman's lifetime risk disparities in maternal mortality include residence (1.3‐times higher among rural women), regional state (2‐times higher among women in Oromiya regional state), education (6‐times higher among women with lower educational status), and economic status (1.3‐times higher among the poorest women).

Conclusion

Ethiopian women experienced a high lifetime risk of maternal mortality which varies across socioeconomic groups. Therefore, equity‐oriented maternal healthcare is recommended to reduce the effects of structural inequities, such as poverty, and the inequitable distribution of the socioeconomic factors of maternal health that sustain a woman's lifetime risk disparities in maternal mortality.
Grey wolf optimizer and hybrid PSO‐GWO for reliability optimization and redundancy allocation problem
Authors: Bhandari Ashok Singh , Kumar Akshay , Ram Mangey
Published: January 2023

Analysis and optimization of system reliability have very much importance for developing an optimal design for the system while using the available resources. Several studies are centered towards reliability optimization using metaheuristics. In this study, a recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm called hybrid PSO‐GWO (HPSGWO) to solve the reliability‐redundancy optimization problem has been proposed. The HPSGWO fuses the Particle Swarm Optimization's (PSO) exploitation ability with the grey wolf optimizer's (GWO) exploration ability. The comparison of results with prior best results of PSO and GWO for the four benchmarks of reliability redundancy allocation problem demonstrates the HPSGWO as a productive enhancement strategy since it got promising answers than other metaheuristic algorithms.
Spatiotemporal adaptive state feedback control of a linear parabolic partial differential equation
Authors: Wang Jun‐Wei , Wang Jun‐Min
Published: January 2023

This article deals with the issue of asymptotic stabilization for a linear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) with an unknown space‐varying reaction coefficient and multiple local piecewise uniform control. Clearly, the unknown reaction coefficient belongs to a function space. Hence, the fundamental difficulty for such issue lies in the lack of a conceptually simple but effective parameter identification technique in a function space. By the Lyapunov technique combined with a variant of Poincaré‐Wirtinger inequality, an update law is derived for estimate of the unknown reaction coefficient in a function space. Then a spatiotemporal adaptive state feedback control law is constructed such that the estimate of the unknown coefficient is bounded and the closed‐loop PDE is asymptotically stable in the sense of spatial norm if a sufficient condition given in terms of space‐time varying linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is fulfilled for the estimated coefficient and the control gains. Both analytical and numerical approaches are proposed to construct a feasible solution to the space‐time varying LMI problem. With the aid of the semigroup theory, the well‐posedness and regularity of the closed‐loop PDE is also analyzed. Moreover, two extensions of the proposed adaptive control scheme are discussed: the PDE in ‐D space and the PDE with unknown diffusion and reaction coefficients. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to support the proposed spatiotemporal adaptive control design.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG‐200): An Efficient, Green and Biocompatible Reaction Medium for the Metal‐Free Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Benzothiazines.
Authors: Islam Aminul , Singha Rabindranath , Ghosh Pranab
Published: January 2023

An efficient, simple and biocompatible one‐pot two‐component PEG‐200 catalysed approach for the synthesis of bioactive and medicinally important 1, 4‐benzothiazine derivatives from 2‐aminobenzothiols and 1, 3‐dicarbonyl compound has been demonstrated. Polyethylene glycol (PEG‐200) has proved to be a new class of green and biocompatible reaction media for the metal free organic synthesis.
Synthesis, Characterization, Bioactivity Screening and Computational Studies of Diphenyl−malonohydrazides and Pyridines Derivatives
Authors: Barqi Mashael M. , Abdellah Islam M. , Eletmany Mohamed R. , Ali Nada M. , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , Abd El Latif Fawy M.
Published: January 2023

A series of new hydrazide (3 a–j) and pyridine (11 a–j) derivatives were synthesized using a convergent synthetic methodology by condensation of malono‐di(2‐phenylhydrazide) with arylidene malononitrile or arylidene ethyl cyanoacetate derivatives. The synthesized compounds (3, 11 a–j) were characterized using via IR, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR, and MS spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis. The biological activity of these molecules has been evaluated in vitro against two gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and one‐gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), as well as one fungus (Candida albicans). The results of the bioactive assay revealed that the synthesized pyridine (11 a–j) derivatives had greater antibacterial efficacy than the hydrazide (3 a–j) derivatives and were comparable to the reference drug Augmentin. Furthermore, docking studies against the Staphylococcus aureus dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein revealed that pyridine derivatives (11 a–j) had higher binding interactions affinity (ΔG=−9.59∼−7.69 kcal/mol) than diphenyl−malonohydrazide derivatives (3 a–j), which achieved a binding affinity in the range of (ΔG=−9.65∼−6.77 kcal/mol), supporting the experimental results. Finally, DFT and TD‐DFT were used to gain a better understanding of the structure‐activity relationship and biological activity of the new synthesized hydrazide/pyridine derivatives.
Surface Modification of NiOx Layer with Versatile Coupling Agent Enables Enhanced Performance and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Yuan , Xu Peng , Du Huitian , Zhou Qian , Wu Yukun , Hao Yuying , Ren Junfeng , Pang Zhiyong , Chen Zhaolai , Han Shenghao
Published: January 2023

In recent years, nickel oxide (NiOx) is widely used as an excellent hole transport layer for the inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), due to its decent hole conductivity, easy processability, and low cost. However, the photovoltaic performance and stability of NiOx‐based PSCs are severely limited by the poor perovskite/NiOx interface. Herein, a versatile coupling agent di(dioctylpyrophosphato) ethylene titanate (NDZ‐311) is introduced to improve the performance of NiOx‐based inverted PSCs by suppressing nonradiative recombination and strengthening charge transfer at the perovskite/NiOx interface. Moreover, the chemical reaction between NDZ‐311 and NiOx reduces the surface hydroxyl groups of NiOx film and avoids direct contact between perovskite and NiOx film, which mitigate material degradation caused by high‐valence Ni ions and hydroxyl groups. As a result, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted PSCs is enhanced from ≈18.01% to ≈19.92% and a maximum PCE of ≈20.39% is obtained. The unencapsulated PSC with NDZ‐311 modification maintains 87.65% of their initial performance after 400 h aging test in air, much better than the control device (49.41% after 400 h). The work demonstrates the potential application of NDZ‐311 for commercial PSCs, considering NDZ‐311 is a cheap industrial material.
Effects of Mixed Halogenation on the Performance of Nonfullerene Acceptors in All‐Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Qianguang , Hu Dingqin , Kumar Manish , Dong Haiyan , Ahmed Shohel , Huang Peihao , Xiao Zeyun , Lu Shirong
Published: January 2023

Mixed halogen substitution on the end groups of organic photovoltaic materials has been proven to be an effective way to generate materials with enhanced performance. A systematic comparison of the mixed halogen atom types can provide comprehensive information on this strategy; however, this is usually limited by the lack of a facile synthesis route. Herein, a new class of end groups featuring mixed halogenation, easily obtained via two steps with excellent yields, is reported. The new end groups are applied in synthesizing acceptor materials, and their performance is compared in organic solar cell devices. Combined with the small molecule donor BTR‐Cl, the best‐performing acceptor BTP‐FCl‐FCl achieves a power conversion efficiency of 15.27% and a high fill factor (FF) of 75.94%. Systematic studies of the mixed halogenation analogues in devices reveal that the higher FF is consistent with the longer carrier lifetime, faster charge extraction, weaker bimolecular recombination, and is associated with the favorable BTR‐Cl:BTP‐FC1‐FC1 domain size and molecular packing, all of which are derived from the different halogen atoms. The results demonstrate that selecting suitable halogen atoms is vital in achieving high‐performance organic solar cells.
Film Formation Kinetics of Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor Active Layers During Printing Out of 1,2,4‐Trimethylbenzene in Ambient Conditions
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Grott Sebastian , Körstgens Volker , Wienhold Kerstin S. , Li Zerui , Zhang Jinsheng , Everett Christopher R. , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: January 2023

Slot‐die coating is a promising upscaling fabrication method to promote commercialization in the field of organic solar cells. Herein, the nonfullerene active layer blend of a conjugated polymer PffBT4T‐2OD and a small molecule acceptor EH‐IDTBR, which is printed out of the nonhalogenated solvent 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene, is studied. The film formation kinetics of the active layer PffBT4T‐2OD:EH‐IDTBR is probed in terms of the temporal evolutions in morphology as well as molecular conformation and aggregation as revealed by in situ grazing‐incidence small angle X‐ray scattering and UV–vis spectroscopy during the film printing process. A five‐regime mesoscale domain growth process is observed in the active layer from the liquid state to the final dry state. The solvent evaporation‐induced domain growth is accompanied with molecular stacking in a distinct J‐type aggregation of the acceptor and a slight H‐type aggregation of the donor molecules. The printed active layers exhibit an edge‐on dominated PffBT4T‐2OD and a face‐on dominated EH‐IDTBR crystallite structure. Compared to the neat PffBT4T‐2OD and EH‐IDTBR films, in the active layer, the crystallite structure deviates slightly in lattice spacing.
In Situ Observation of CGHAZ Microstructure Evolution of Hot‐Rolled Ship Plate Steel Containing 0.012 Yttrium under High‐Heat‐Input Welding
Authors: Qi Huan , Pang Qihang , Li Weijuan , Wang Jiaji , Wang Ning
Published: January 2023

The laser scanning confocal microscope is used to simulate the microstructural evolution of a coarse‐grained zone composed of hot‐rolled ship steel with yttrium under high‐energy input welding. The results demonstrate that Y2O3 near the austenite grain boundary can effectively block the overall migration of the austenite grain boundary during the application of the welding heating process. Additionally, the presence of Y2O3 in the austenite grain can promote the formation of new grain and subgrain boundaries, thereby refining the austenite grain. During the postweld cooling process, the undercooling degree is high under a lower heat input, and the phase variation occurs along the direction at a large angle to the proto‐austenite boundary. Thus, a large amount of acicular ferrite (AF) is formed perpendicular to the proto‐austenite boundary. Based on the first principle, Y2O3 can be used as the nucleation site for AF phase transformation to promote the formation of a fine interlocking structure. However, its impact is limited because the cooling rate significantly affects the microstructure evolution of the coarse‐grain zone of the weld during welding with a high heat input.
A Novel Heat Treatment Strategy Based on Quenching and Carbides Preprecipitation and Subsequent Critical Quenching to Improve the Thermal Fatigue Performance of AISI H13 Tool Steel
Authors: Zhang Junxuan , Tang Mingliang , Yue Jingsong , Guo Han , Li Jun , Bu Hengyong , Li Mengnie , Li Shaohong
Published: January 2023

The effects of conventional quenching and based on quenching and carbides preprecipitation and subsequent critical quenching (QPQ) processes on the microstructure evolution, thermal stability and thermal fatigue are studied for H13 tool steel. The results show that the QPQ treatment is beneficial to precipitate smaller and more uniformly distributed carbides during the tempering. According to the analysis of microstructure and mechanical properties, it is found that the tempering after QPQ treatment can refine the grain size of the steel by about 60% and can increase the impact toughness by 34.8%. Moreover, it is also found that the activation energy required by the QPQ treatment is higher than that of the conventional quenched samples for long‐time tempering, which is mainly related to the coarsening and accumulation of carbides. According to the statistical analysis results of average thermal fatigue crack length, crack density, and surface hardness, the improvement of thermal fatigue performance of the QPQ treatment after tempering is mainly attributed to the uniform fine carbide and grain refinement, which passivates the crack tip and improves the service life to a certain extent.
The Microstructure Evolution and Dynamic Softening Mechanism of a 00Cr27Ni7Mo5N Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Wang Hang , Wang Aiqin , Li Changyi , Yu Xingsheng , Xie Jingpei , Liu Chenlu
Published: January 2023

The microstructure evolution and dynamic softening mechanism of a 00Cr27Ni7Mo5N hyper duplex stainless steel during uniaxial hot compression are investigated based on the electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The (sub)grains of ferrite are significantly refined at the temperature of 1050 °C using the strain rate of 0.01 to 1 s−1. The softening mechanism within ferrite are classified as continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). However, the dynamic softening within ferrite is diminished at a strain rate of 10 s−1. A softening mechanism analogous to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) is observed in the ferrite/austenite interphase mantle regions. The dynamic softening within austenite is remarkably limited at the temperature of 1050 °C, which appears to be complex‐shaped deformation bands. There are a small number of recrystallized grains within austenite. The dynamic softening of hyper duplex stainless steel is dominated by ferrite. The formation of DRX nuclei and growth of austenite by strain‐induced boundary migration mechanism is observed at the temperature of 1250 °C with different strain rates, indicating its softening mechanism is akin to DDRX. In addition, the increase in temperature and the decrease in strain rate is favorable to the dynamic softening of austenite.
Asymptotic distributions of a new type of design‐based incomplete U‐statistics
Authors: Kong Xiangshun , Wang Xueqin , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2023

The U‐statistic has been an important part of the arsenal of statistical tools. Meanwhile, the computation of it could easily become expensive. As a remedy, the idea of incomplete U‐statistics has been adopted in practice, where only a small fraction of combinations of units are evaluated. Recently, researchers proposed a new type of incomplete U‐statistics called ICUDO, which needs substantially less time of computing than all existing methods. This paper aims to study the asymptotic distributions of ICUDO to facilitate the corresponding statistical inference. This is a non‐trivial task due to the restricted randomization in the sampling scheme of ICUDO. The bootstrap approach for the finite sample distribution of ICUDO is also discussed. Lastly, we observe some intrinsic connections between U‐statistics and computer experiments in the context of integration approximation. This allows us to generalize some existing theoretical results in the latter topic.
Boron‐Catalyzed α‐Functionalizations of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Shimizu Yohei , Kanai Motomu
Published: January 2023

Catalytic, chemoselective, and asymmetric α‐functionalizations of carboxylic acids promise up‐grading simple feedstock materials to value‐added functional molecules, as well as late‐stage structural diversifications of multifunctional molecules, such as drugs and their leads. In this personal account, we describe boron‐catalyzed α‐functionalizations of carboxylic acids developed in our group (five reaction types). The reversible boron carboxylate formation is key to the acidification of the α‐protons and enolization using mild organic bases, allowing for chemoselective and asymmetric bond formations of carboxylic acids. The ligand effects on reactivity and stereoselectivity, substrate scopes, and mechanistic insights are summarized.
Examining nanoparticles with different laser wavelengths in liquid environment
Authors: Senthilkumar Gnanamani , Vijayan Manikandan Lakshmana , Lokesh Thangavel
Published: January 2023

The focus of this present investigation is to examine the heating characteristics of gold and silver nanoparticles at different laser wavelengths. Comparative research on the heat transfer studies with gold ultrafine particles and silver ultrafine particles was undertaken to determine an appropriate frequency and substance with greater photothermic effectiveness for hyperthermic use in cancer therapy. At 488 nm and 540 nm, gold nanoparticles are found to be greater photothermally efficient than silver nanoparticles. The 540 nm laser burns gold nanoparticles greater than the 488 nm laser. Silver nanoparticles, on the other hand, showed a slightly lower temperature increase at 540 nm than at 488 nm. In the diametral surface range of 0–50 nm, size‐dependent impact research showed that the absorbance effectiveness of single gold nanoparticulate with larger diameters is larger than those with lower diameters.
Short‐term evaluation of renal markers in overweight adult cats
Authors: Pérez‐López Laura , Boronat Mauro , Melián Carlos , Santana Angelo , Brito‐Casillas Yeray , Wägner Ana M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Obesity has been proposed as an independently risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people, but its role in feline kidney function is unknown.

Objective

Obesity has been proposed as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people, but its role in feline kidney function is unknown. This study prospectively evaluated the effect of overweight on the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine in a cohort of healthy cats.

Methods

Forty healthy adult cats were included, 14 with a body condition score (BCS) = 5 and 26 with a BCS > 5. Cats were examined every 6 months, for up to 12 months. SDMA and creatinine were measured at baseline and follow‐up.

Results

No effect was found for time of follow‐up (p = 0.072), overweight (p = 0.9442) or their interaction (p = 0.902) on SDMA, though a significant effect was found for age (p < 0.001) [older cats showing higher SDMA] and sex (p = 0.007) [male cats showing higher SDMA]. Regarding creatinine, no effect for time (p = 0.671), age (p = 0.061), overweight (p = 0.319) or the latter's interaction (p = 0.386) were found.

Conclusions

In the short term, markers of renal function did not show an association with overweight. The role of obesity in feline kidney function still warrants further evaluation.
The Effect of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Cryptocurrency Use on Changes in the Transaction Utility of International Tourists
Authors: Muharam Ikram Nur , Tussyadiah Iis
Published: January 2023

This study investigates how exposure to local prices changes the transaction utility of international tourists, and the role of purchasing power parity (PPP) and the use of cryptocurrency in these changes. Findings indicate that tourists’ transaction utility did not vary all that much when they visited a country with comparable PPP to their own. Meanwhile, when traveling to countries with a lower PPP, tourists enjoy a heightened transaction utility. Furthermore, using Bitcoin results in greater transaction utility than using fiat currency.
Daily Deals Usage in the Pandemic Context of the Slovenian Hotels: Technology Adoption Perspective
Authors: Bratec Miha , Baruca Petra Zabukovec , Minor Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

This paper analyses the usage of Daily Deals (DDs) in the COVID-19 pandemic context. A constructivist approach and grounded theory methodology are applied to study the managerial DDs usage in Slovenian hotels. The results show a predominance of organisational and external environmental factors, such as government regulation, linking structures, and industry characteristics, on the usage of DDs. These are shown in a conceptual DDs usage model. The study contributes to the hotel digital marketing literature by merging the two leading technology adoption frameworks to explain the formation of attitude and usage of DDs in a specific pandemic context.
Meaning of Fun in Hotel Gamified Applications
Authors: Parapanos Demos , Michopoulou Elina
Published: January 2023

The hospitality industry faces significant challenges from the acceleration of travelers using mobile technology, especially in the Covid-19 aftermath. Consumer behaviour is changing in the service sector, creating new forms of mobilities and types of tourists. Users are taking advantage of the opportunity to access information easier and faster, anywhere causing new promotional strategies for hospitality businesses. However, it is recognized that the adoption of mobile applications does not guarantee competitive advantage. This research is inspired by the success of mobile games, and the importance of delivering fun. It explores hotel visitors’ meaning of ‘fun’ when using a mobile hotel gamified application. This is to give mobile gamified application developers an indication on the fun elements that would make such a technology engaging with the users. Visual materials were used applying game mechanics and aesthetics in a hotel application helping participants understand how the fun elements are incorporated so they can focus/target on the elements they find more attractive.
Contribution of Network Approach to Tourism Destination Governance
Authors: Gajdošík Tomáš
Published: January 2023

A tourism destination is a prototypical complex phenomenon and an ideal object of study of network science. Thanks to recent advances in computer science, this approach is capable of providing the baseline needed to design and govern tourism destinations in a dynamic environment. Although there have been some major contributions to this phenomenon, their scarcity has brought a rather fragmented contribution to tourism destination governance. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to conceptualise the contribution of network approach to tourism destination governance. Based on 10 real and virtual networks of mature tourism destinations in a Central Europe, the article provides areas where the network approach can help the tourism destination governance. Furthermore, it suggests managerial implications from the application of the network approach in the practice of governing a tourism destination.
A Scoping Study of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Research in Tourism and Hospitality
Authors: Milwood Pauline A. , Hartman-Caverly Sarah , Roehl Wesley S.
Published: January 2023

As e-tourism scholars advance innovative research on the use and study of artificially intelligent systems, it is important to reflect on how well we are advancing transformative philosophies which ask that emerging fields consider issues of ethics, power, and bias. We conduct a scoping study of review papers published between 2015–2021 to understand the extent to which ethical and social bias issues are identified and treated in AI research in tourism. Results suggest that the potential for ethical and bias issues in AI in tourism is high, but identification and treatment of these issues by tourism researchers is weak. We summarize key implications of this trend and offer suggestions for pursuing a research agenda which increasingly identifies and treats issues of ethics and bias when advancing research on artificial intelligence (AI) in tourism.
Tourist Flow Simulation in GAMA Using Historical Data Parameters
Authors: Majic Ivan , Scholz Johannes , Bulbul Rizwan , Wallinger Stefanie
Published: January 2023

Decision makers in the tourism sector deal with various issues and need high-quality information to support their decisions. We propose a data-centric approach that analyses historical point of interest (POI) check-in data to determine parameters for an Agent Based Model (ABM). ABM simulation is then run multiple times to simulate possible outcomes in terms of the tourist flow. We have tested the proposed approach on the city of Salzburg using check-in data from Salzburg Card users across 29 POIs. These data were used to parameterize the ABM model with the number of people, the number of POIs a person visits per day, and the preference for selecting POIs to visit. The simulation was performed in GAMA ABM platform and the spatial environment was based on buildings and roads from OpenStreetMap (OSM). Simulation for the duration of 1 day has been repeated 50 times to generate POI visiting patterns. The simulation results have been compared to the ground truth data for the same day and they show that the approach can recreate the long-term pattern of POI visits, but has over-estimated several POIs that had lower visitor counts on that specific day.
Towards Recommender Systems in Augmented Reality for Tourism
Authors: Kalloori Saikishore , Chalumattu Ribin , Yang Felix , Klingler Severin , Gross Markus
Published: January 2023

Recent advances in augmented reality have enabled new ways of generating and presenting item recommendations. In tourism, AR applications can, for example, enhance points of interests (POIs) with virtual elements in AR and provide tourists with personalized recommendations for places to visit. In this paper, we present our prototype: a touristic AR application that augments various POIs with digital content and generates context-aware recommendations for POIs in the Niederdorf old town of Zurich, Switzerland. We demonstrate how useful information can be presented to users in an engaging way by combining AR technologies and recommender systems.
Riding Against the Algorithm: Algorithmic Management in On-Demand Food Delivery
Authors: Tuomi Aarni , Jianu Brana , Roelofsen Maartje , Ascenção Mário Passos
Published: January 2023

In many countries, on-demand food delivery platforms (e.g. Deliveroo, Wolt, Uber Eats) have become an inseparable part of the hospitality and tourism ecosystem. A key area of interest in technology research has been how platforms algorithmically manage the interaction between task requesters (e.g. customers, tourists) and task fulfillers (e.g. restaurants and delivery couriers). However, there is a lack of research on how such algorithmic management practices impact workers and what strategies workers adopt to counteract the algorithm. To that end, this qualitative study explores forms of expressing algoactivism in the context of on-demand food delivery platforms by conducting interviews with delivery couriers (n = 5) and restaurant workers and managers (n = 7). It is found that both couriers and hospitality employees adopt specific behaviors to optimize and game the platforms’ algorithms, and that some algorithmic management practices are perceived more negatively than others. Implications for e-tourism management and research are discussed.
Gamification and Innovation Acceptance Among Finnish DMOs - Case King’s Road
Authors: Ahlstén Minna , Heinonen Johanna , Murto Maria
Published: January 2023

According to Xu, Buhalis & Weber [1], gamification can enhance the on-site tourist experiences and be a marketing tool. However, the use of games in tourism development by DMOs is still an unexplored topic.

The King’s Road in Finland combines the idea of gamified and storified live experiences with a video game. The development idea of a video game introduces King’s Road to a broader audience. The idea of a storified mobile game leads tourists on-site and rebuilds historical sites with augmented reality while leading tourists to less crowded attractions.

This paper aims to provide new insights and increase understanding of gamification in tourism. To understand the innovation acceptance among Finnish DMOs, the gamified concept idea of King’s Road was presented to them. With the inductive approach, their feedback was analysed thematically. The findings highlight the obstacles and possibilities of the proposed gamification concept from the DMOs’ point of view. This paper aims to extend the previous research in innovation acceptance by identifying the level of acceptance regarding gamification in this case study and presenting solutions to advance it. Hence, this knowledge works as a basis for future research and development.
What Makes Potential Tourists Trust the Managerial Response of the Hotel? - The Three-Way Interaction of Ability, Benevolence, and Integrity
Authors: Yhee Yerin , Kim Hyemin , Kim Jungkeun , Koo Chulmo
Published: January 2023

Potential customers are likely to rely on online reviews as e-WOM. While review from negative consumer has an impact on customers’ decision-making, the response of hotel to negative review is also perceived as a signal of restoring trust. Although three dimensions of trust (ability, benevolence, and integrity) have significant effects on the overall trust of consumers, it is still an open issue how the three variables interact. To fill this gap, current study investigates a three-way interaction effect of the dimension of trusting belief in managerial responses by experimental analyses. The results suggest that the hotel’s ability to handle the issue is the most important consideration for hotel management. Attitude toward hotels is high even if only one of benevolence and integrity is high under conditions of high ability. In contrast, attitude is only high when both other dimensions are high simultaneously. This study has implications for understanding the distinct effect of each dimension of trusting belief in online review systems and providing insights into effective managerial response strategies from the perspective of trust.