bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise control balances epidemic mitigation and economic growth
Authors: Wang Yiheng , Zheng Guanjie , Jin Hexi , Sun Yi , Wu Kan , Fang Jie
Published: May 2024

The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019 has profoundly affected public health and the global economy. Policymakers face the challenge of evolving virus mutations and one key measure involves the use of Health Code to classify the public and enforce quarantine policies. Despite widespread adoption, its effectiveness in mitigating the epidemic is not well understood. Here, we proposed an infection component model to assess the Health Code’s effectiveness. We found that “Precise control” using Health Code can strike a balance between economic growth and public health, reducing 97% of deaths and improving 1% of GDP compared to “No control” or city shutdown policies. Moreover, its medical costs are only 43% of the latter. However, its effectiveness diminishes if the basic reproductive number ($${R}_{0}$$

R

0

) exceeds 16.5, indicating the end of this epidemic with “Precise control”. These findings have important implications for policymakers in developing effective strategies to combat the pandemic.
A shift in transitional forests of the North American boreal will persist through 2100
Authors: Montesano Paul M. , Frost Melanie , Li Jian , Carroll Mark , Neigh Christopher S. R. , Macander Matthew J. , Sexton Joseph O. , Frost Gerald V.
Published: May 2024

High northern latitude changes with Arctic amplification across a latitudinal forest gradient suggest a shift towards an increased presence of trees and shrubs. The persistence of change may depend on the future scenarios of climate and on the current state, and site history, of forest structure. Here, we explore the persistence of a gradient-based shift in the boreal by connecting current forest patterns to recent tree cover trends and future modeled estimates of canopy height through 2100. Results show variation in the predicted potential height changes across the structural gradient from the boreal forest through the taiga-tundra ecotone. Positive potential changes in height are concentrated in transitional forests, where recent positive changes in cover prevail, while potential change in boreal forest is highly variable. Results are consistent across climate scenarios, revealing a persistent biome shift through 2100 in North America concentrated in transitional landscapes regardless of climate scenario.
Event-specific ground motion anomalies highlight the preparatory phase of earthquakes during the 2016–2017 Italian seismicity
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Spallarossa Daniele , Iaccarino Antonio Giovanni , Bindi Dino
Published: May 2024

Although physical models are improving our understanding of the crustal processes that lead to large earthquakes, observing their preparatory phases is still challenging. We show that the spatio-temporal evolution of the ground motion of small magnitude earthquakes can shed light on the preparatory phase of three main earthquakes that occurred in central Italy between 2016 and 2017. We analyze systematic deviations of peak ground accelerations generated by each earthquake from the values predicted by a reference ground motion model calibrated for background seismicity and refer to such deviations as event-specific ground motion anomalies (eGMAs). The eGMA temporal behavior indicates that during the activation phase of the main earthquakes, the ground shaking level deviates, positively or negatively, from the values expected for the background seismicity. eGMA can be exploited as beacons of stress change and help to monitor the mechanical state of the crust and the nucleation of large earthquakes.
Recent northward shift of tropical cyclone economic risk in China
Authors: Qin Lianjie , Zhu Laiyin , Liao Xinli , Meng Chenna , Han Qinmei , Li Zixuan , Shen Shifei , Xu Wei , Chen Jianguo
Published: May 2024

The impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) has intensified with continued global warming and socio-economic development. Quantifying the TC economic exposure is a core element of economic risk assessment for TCs. The centroid of annual economic exposure to TCs in China shifted northward at a rate of 19.71 km per year from 2006 to 2020, where changes in the TC tracks contributed a northward shift of 11.22 km per year and changes in GDP distribution contributed a northward shift of 7.75 km per year. The northward shift of TC economic exposure centroid is more than twice as sensitive to the shift of GDP distribution as to that of TC tracks. The phenomenon of the northward shift in TC economic exposure is particularly evident in the subtropical zone in China. Further northward shift of TC exposure could potentially cause higher socio-economic losses in places underprepared for TC hazards. Our result provides references for TC disaster mitigation and preparedness in China.
Adsorption mechanisms of decomposition species of CHON-containing explosives on aluminum surfaces
Authors: Zhong Kai , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: May 2024

This article reveals the adsorption mechanism of decomposition species of CHON-containing explosives on Al surfaces.
Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated silica microbeads for high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wu Wenpu , Yu Cuichi , Sui Lei , Xu Hui , Li Jinhua , Zhou Na , Chen Lingxin , Song Zhihua
Published: May 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymer-based chromatographic separation materials, owing to their advantages of unique selectivity, low cost, suitable reproducibility, and acceptable stability, have attracted a great deal of research in different fields.
Rapid production of 38 mM H2O2 in an alcoholic suspension of a WO3 photocatalyst under visible light
Authors: Kominami Hiroshi , Kamitani Kaisei , Tanaka Atsuhiro
Published: May 2024

At 60 °C, a high concentration of H2O2 was rapidly produced in a 90 vol% IPA suspension of a cocatalyst-free WO3 photocatalyst.
Spontaneous phase transition from 3D perovskite to 1D non-perovskite in CsPbBr2.7I0.3
Authors: Shen Meng , Zhang Yulin , Cheng Bingliang , Ma Wenjuan , Huang Xiaole , Zhang Lei , Chai Zhifang , Lin Wenwen
Published: May 2024

The spontaneous phase transition from metastable orange perovskite γ-CsPbBr2.7I0.3 to stable white non-perovskite δ-CsPbBr2.7I0.3 under ambient conditions was discovered.
Co-based MOF as an efficient catalyst by peroxymonosulfate activation for degradation of tetracycline: synthesis and performance
Authors: Zhang Shu-Ran , Qin Shao-Dan , Xu Guang-Juan , Xie Wei , Xu Na , Jiang Nan , Xu Yan-Hong , Hu Xiao-Li , Su Zhong-Min
Published: May 2024

A cobalt-based MOF was prepared and the experimental results showed that JLNU-11 had excellent catalytic performance and could effectively degrade TC by activating PMS, with the degradation rate reaching 90% within 30 min.
Exploring the effect of molecular size and framework functionalisation on transport in metal–organic frameworks using pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Zainal Shima , Alsudani Ahmed , Adams Ralph W. , Nilsson Mathias , Fan Xiaolei , D’Agostino Carmine
Published: May 2024

Molecular transport is an important aspect in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as it affects many of their applications, such as adsorption/separation, drug delivery and catalysis.
Characteristics and performance of layered two-dimensional materials under doping engineering
Authors: Liu Huating , Huang Zongyu , Qiao Hui , Qi Xiang
Published: May 2024

Doping engineering, including doping non-metallic atoms, alkali metal atoms, transition metal atoms and other metal atoms can be widely used in a variety of different structures of graphene-like novel 2D materials.
Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics
Authors: Ji Peng , Duan Kuaikuai , Li Menglong , Wang Zhiyuan , Meng Xiang , Zhang Yueteng , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes.
Autonomous laboratories for accelerated materials discovery: a community survey and practical insights
Authors: Hung Linda , Yager Joyce A. , Monteverde Danielle , Baiocchi Dave , Kwon Ha-Kyung , Sun Shijing , Suram Santosh
Published: May 2024

We share the results of a survey on automation and autonomy in materials science labs, which highlight a variety of researcher challenges and motivations. We also propose a framework for levels of laboratory autonomy from L0 to L5.
Aggregation structure induced by heat treatments mediated the gastric digestion behavior of soybean protein
Authors: Yan Shanyueru , Wu Kaiyun , Han Chuanwu , Guo Jian , Wang Jinmei , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

The common belief that heat treatment enhances the gastric digestion of proteins is largely based on findings from animal proteins and may not apply to all proteins, particularly soybean protein.
Long-lasting anti-swelling sustained-release estradiol hydrogel for promoting vaginal wound healing
Authors: Zhang Tianyue , Lv Hongyi , Zhang Yijing , Yu Lingyun , Li Yonghong , Yan Hechun , He Chenyan , Zhao Dongmei , Zhao Lijuan , He Yuedong , Wang Yi , Zhu Zhongyi
Published: May 2024

This study presents a mechanically robust and stable poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)/alginate hydrogel loaded with estrogen. The hydrogel significantly promotes vaginal wound healing in a rat vaginal loss model.
Highly-robust nanoplate-shaped V2O5 as an efficient cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Yadav Priya , Fahri Ahmad Nurul , Singh Jay , Singh Ravinder , Kim Jaekook , Rai Alok Kumar
Published: May 2024

The reaction mechanism along with long-term cycling performance of a nanoplate-shaped V2O5 cathode.
Geometric deep learning-guided Suzuki reaction conditions assessment for applications in medicinal chemistry
Authors: Atz Kenneth , Nippa David F. , Müller Alex T. , Jost Vera , Anelli Andrea , Reutlinger Michael , Kramer Christian , Martin Rainer E. , Grether Uwe , Schneider Gisbert , Wuitschik Georg
Published: May 2024

Machine learning-predicted screening plate.
Systematic computational strategies for identifying protein targets and lead discovery
Authors: Kataria Arti , Srivastava Ankit , Singh Desh Deepak , Haque Shafiul , Han Ihn , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

Computational algorithms and tools have retrenched the drug discovery and development timeline.
Impact of atropisomerism on a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Authors: Xu Zhou , Wang Zhongyuan , Shi Xiaona , Ding Rui , Han Li , Yang Xueping , Zhang Hongmei , Hobson Adrian D.
Published: May 2024

A torsion angle scan of a virtual library predicts compounds that will afford stable atropisomers identified as potent non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulators.
Rapid formation of gold core–satellite nanostructures using Turkevich-synthesized satellites and dithiol linkers: the do's and don'ts for successful assembly
Authors: Tang Runze , Hughes Robert A. , Tuff Walker J. , Corcoran Ana , Neretina Svetlana
Published: May 2024

Gold cores functionalized with dithiol linkers are densely populated with Turkevich-synthesized satellite nanoparticles in under thirty minutes at 100% yield using procedures that promote rapid assembly while avoiding potential pitfalls.
2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-Octamethoxyphthalocyanine-Cu/CuFe2O4 nanocomposites with enhanced peroxidase-like activity for the sensitive colorimetric determination of glutathione
Authors: Shi Yunxia , Duan Hui , Du Meiyan , Kong Xia , Xue Ke , Lu Guang , Liu Qingyun
Published: May 2024

Pc(OH)8 was first used to modify Cu/CFO nanospheres. The Pc(OH)8–Cu/CFO nanocomposites with enhanced peroxidase mimetic enzyme activity were obtained compared to Cu/CFO alone and have been successfully applied for the detection of GSH.
Discrete copper(i) chalcogenones with metal–metal interaction
Authors: Mandal Suman , Harijan Dinesh , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Prabusankar Ganesan
Published: May 2024

Dinuclear copper(i) chalcogenones with Cu–Cu interactions have been isolated and characterized by experimental and theoretical studies.
Hexanuclear {ZnII4FeIII2} and {ZnII4CrIII2} complexes from the use of potentially tetradentate NOO′O′′ Schiff-base ligands
Authors: Pantelis Konstantinos N. , Skiadas Sotiris G. , Lada Zoi G. , Clérac Rodolphe , Sanakis Yiannis , Dechambenoit Pierre , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: May 2024

Reactions schemes involving tetradentate (Ophenolate)N(Ocarboxylate)2 Schiff bases yield {ZnII4MIII2} complexes (M = Cr, Fe) with interesting structural features.
Simple fluorochromic detection of chromium with ascorbic acid functionalized luminescent Bio-MOF-1
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Sharma Saloni , Bhardwaj Neha , Nayak Manoj K. , Deep Akash
Published: May 2024

Ascorbic acid functionalized Bio-MOF-1 selectively captures and detects Cr(vi). The presence of Cr(vi) induces a fluorescence recovery and this method can detect Cr(vi) of up to 0.01 ng mL−1.
Dynamic response of a ferromagnetic nanofilament under rotating fields: effects of flexibility, thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamics
Authors: Sánchez Pedro A. , Cerrato Antonio , Cerdà Joan J. , Bona-Casas Carles , Sintes Tomás , Massó Joan
Published: May 2024

Chain flexibility, thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamics broaden independently the synchronous frequency response of a ferromagnetic nanofilament under rotating fields, leading to a limited set of configurations and probabilistic asynchronous regime.
Controlled evolution of surface microstructure and phase boundary of ZnO nanoparticles for the multiple sensitization effects on triethylamine detection
Authors: Hu Tianjun , Li Yifan , Wang Ying , Chen Yaru , Zhang Junming , Luo Ergui , Lv Baoliang , Jia Jianfeng
Published: May 2024

Possible sensing mechanism and surface process diagram of ZnO-650 sensor.
New insights into red blood cells in tumor precision diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Jia Gaihua , Wang Jun , Wang Hu , Hu Xin , Long Fei , Yuan Chunhui , Liang Chen , Wang Fubing
Published: May 2024

Red blood cells (RBCs), provide a new research perspective for the development of tumor liquid biopsies, molecular imaging, drug delivery, and other tumor precision diagnosis and treatment technologies.
Enhancement in the initiating activity of chalcones via a long-alkyl chain strategy for free radical photopolymerization and 3D printing
Authors: Li Jingfang , Deng Qilu , Zhou Xianju , Li Wenjie , Zhu Xiaoqun , Nie Jun
Published: May 2024

A novel chalcone-based derivative, E-PHMTO, equipped with an alkyl chain and chemically similar to the commercial photoinitiator ITX, was successfully synthesized.
Exploring borinane-based multi-ammonium salts for epoxide (co)polymerization: insights into the structure–activity relationship
Authors: Chidara Vamshi K. , Gnanou Yves , Feng Xiaoshuang
Published: May 2024

Three bifunctional borinane-based multi-ammonium salts (N+/B) B, C and D (B8N3(C6)Br3; B8N3(C2)Br3; B10N4(C2)Br4) were synthesized, and the polymerization activities of these catalysts were evaluated using catalyst A, B3NBr, as reference.
Polyalthia longifolia-mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: characterization, photocatalytic and antifungal activities
Authors: Raza Azam , Malan Pieter , Ahmad Irfan , Khan Amir , Haris Mohammad , Zahid Zainab , Jameel Mohd. , Ahmad Absar , Seth Chandra Shekhar , Asseri Tahani A. Y. , Hashem Mohamed , Ahmad Faheem
Published: May 2024

The biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from plant extracts has emerged as a novel method for producing NPs with great scalability and biocompatibility.
Real-time investigation of reactive oxygen species and radicals evolved from operating Fe–N–C electrocatalysts during the ORR: potential dependence, impact on degradation, and structural comparisons
Authors: Putnam Seth T. , Rodríguez-López Joaquín
Published: May 2024

Hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide are implicated in the poor stability of Fe–N–C catalysts. We use SECM to detect these transient species in real time to evaluate their possible sources and relationship to stability.
How does ferrocene correlate with ferroptosis? Multiple approaches to explore ferrocene-appended GPX4 inhibitors as anticancer agents
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Jing , Wang Jing , Fan Xuejing , Xu Ximing , Wang Hui , Xiong Ying , Li Xinyu , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhang Qianer , Qi Xin , Pigeon Pascal , Gu Qing , Bruno-Colmenarez Julia , Jaouen Gérard , McGlinchey Michael J. , Qiu Xue , You Shu-Li , Li Jing , Wang Yong
Published: May 2024

Ferrocene correlates with ferroptosis: multiple approaches to explore ferrocene-appended GPX4 inhibitors as dual-function ferroptosis inducers, which consummate the potential of ferrocene in ferroptosis-targeted drug development.
Sulfur-doped carbon nanofibers as stable and high performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Mengwei , Huang Ying , Du Xianping , Sheng Xitong
Published: May 2024

CNF-2S has good cycling performance in sodium ion half/full batteries.
Research progress on two-dimensional indium selenide crystals and optoelectronic devices
Authors: Zheng Dan , Chen Peng , Liu Yi , Li Xing , Liu Kejing , Yin Zi'ang , Frisenda Riccardo , Zhao Qinghua , Wang Tao
Published: May 2024

2D InSe, a novel semiconductor with unique and excellent performance. It is pivotal for designing multifunctional devices for future optoelectronics, sensors, and flexible electronics, marking a significant advancement in materials science.
All-optical modulation and photonic diode based on spatial self-phase modulation in porphyrin–napthalimide molecules
Authors: Nayak Sudhanshu Kumar , Ahmed Md Soif , Murali Rahul , Bhavani Botta , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Giribabu Lingamallu , Raavi Sai Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2024

The diverse applications such as all-optical switching, modulation, OR-logic gates, and photonic diode interconnected with the fundamental of nonlinear optics has been demonstrated in porphyrin–napthalimide molecules using SSPM and XPM methods.
Evaluation of binderless LTA and SAPO-34 beads as CO2 adsorbents for biogas upgrading in a vacuum pressure swing adsorption setup
Authors: Boer Dina G. , van de Bovenkamp Henk H. , Langerak Jort , Bakker Benny , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: May 2024

Binderless zeolite LTA and zeotype SAPO-34 macroscopic beads were synthesized and tested for their application in vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) to upgrade biogas to biomethane.
Malate dehydrogenase as a multi-purpose target for drug discovery
Authors: Fermaintt Charles S. , Wacker Sarah A.
Published: May 2024

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes play critical roles in cellular metabolism, facilitating the reversible conversion of malate to oxaloacetate using NAD+/NADH as a cofactor. The two human isoforms of MDH have roles in the citric acid cycle and the malate-aspartate shuttle, and thus both are key enzymes in aerobic respiration as well as regenerating the pool of NAD+ used in glycolysis. This review highlights the potential of MDH as a therapeutic drug target in various diseases, including metabolic and neurological disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. The most promising molecules for targeting MDH have been examined in the context of human malignancies, where MDH is frequently overexpressed. Recent studies have led to the identification of several antagonists, some of which are broad MDH inhibitors while others have selectivity for either of the two human MDH isoforms. Other promising compounds have been studied in the context of parasitic MDH, as inhibiting the function of the enzyme could selectively kill the parasite. Research is ongoing with these chemical scaffolds to develop more effective small-molecule drug leads that would have great potential for clinical applications.
Self-Perceived Communication Competence of Adults Who Stutter Following Communication-Centered Treatment
Authors: Coalson Geoffrey A. , Byrd Courtney T. , Werle Danielle , Croft Robyn , Mahometa Michael
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess self-perceived communication competence of adults who stutter following participation in a non-ableist treatment for which one of the core components focuses on communication — with no direct or indirect goals designed to reduce or modify stuttered speech.

Method:

Thirty-three adults who stutter completed the Self-Perceived Communication Competence scale (McCroskey & McCroskey, 1988) pre- and posttreatment.

Results:

Findings indicate significant gains in self-perceived communication competence posttreatment. Pre- to posttreatment changes in stuttering did not predict posttreatment gains in self-perceived communication competence.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that improvement in communication can be achieved independent of improvement in fluency, lending further support to the notion that stuttering and communication competence are distinct constructs.
Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Relation to Caregivers' History of Language and Reading Difficulties and Children's Shared Reading Experiences
Authors: Davison Kelsey E. , Ronderos Juliana , Gomez Sophia , Boucher Alyssa R. , Zuk Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Emerging literature suggests caregiver self-efficacy is an important factor related to caregivers' shared reading practices with their children. Reduced shared reading has been documented among families of caregiver(s) with language-based learning disabilities (LBLD). Yet, it remains unclear whether caregivers' history of language and reading difficulties is associated with caregiver self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-efficacy in language- and reading-related caregiver activities related to caregiver history of language and reading difficulties and shared reading practices.

Method:

One hundred seventy-six caregivers of children aged 18–60 months completed a custom self-efficacy in language- and reading-related caregiver activities questionnaire, as well as demographic, history of language and reading difficulties (used both as a continuous measure and to dichotomize caregivers with and without LBLD history), and shared reading measures in a one-time survey.

Results:

Caregivers with a history of LBLD reported an overall lower self-efficacy and a reduced amount of time reading with their children per week than caregivers without LBLD history. Examining caregiver history of language and reading difficulties continuously across the whole group, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between caregiver difficulties and shared reading practices, even when caregiver education was incorporated as an additional mediator in models.

Conclusions:

Findings indicate that self-efficacy and caregiver education mediate the relationship between caregiver history of language and reading difficulties and shared reading practices. Consideration of self-efficacy by clinicians and educators is warranted when promoting shared reading practices to caregivers of young children. There is a need for future research to examine relationships between self-efficacy and shared reading among caregivers with LBLD of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25901590
Student Clinical Accommodations in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Externships: A Survey Study
Authors: Sizemore Erin Redle , Subramanian Anu , Hatfield Stacie M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The number of individuals with disabilities enrolling in speech-language pathology and audiology graduate programs is increasing. While academic accommodations for classroom learning are well accepted, there is very little information regarding the feasibility of accommodations in external clinical placements. The goal of this article was to describe the current processes and the future feasibility of such accommodations.

Method:

External clinical supervisors completed a Likert-type survey regarding past experiences supervising students with disabilities, the types of requested accommodations, and the feasibility of the various types of accommodations in their setting.

Results:

Of the respondents (
N
= 49), only nine individuals reported supervising at least one student with a disability. Most frequently, external clinical educators generally did not learn about the disability or need for accommodations until the student was already in the placement. Attendance modifications were the most frequently requested accommodation (
n
= 6), followed by timing modifications (
n
= 5) and load adjustments (
n
= 4). External clinical educators reported coaching and support (
n
= 33), the use of assistive technology (
n
= 32), and timing accommodations (
n
= 30) were the most feasible accommodations. Most respondents were
definitely
(
n
= 23) or
probably
(
n
= 21) willing to supervise a student with a disability.

Conclusions:

The study's findings show that students are not disclosing the need for accommodations until after the placement begins. External clinical educators are willing to support students with disabilities and describe a variety of accommodations that could potentially be implemented into external clinical placements.
A novel motion compensation algorithm for spaceborne inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of air target under low signal‐to‐noise ratio condition
Authors: Zhou Yichen , Wang Yong
Published: May 2024

The spaceborne Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) has garnered significant attention due to its extensive observation range and robust anti‐attack capabilities. Consequently, the ISAR imaging research of air targets based on a spaceborne platform has crucial application value. However, unlike the traditional ground‐based radar system, the spaceborne platform moves along its own orbit while observing the air target, and the received signal energy is weakened due to the extended observation distance. Therefore, it is important to optimise the existing ISAR imaging geometry models and motion compensation algorithms. The authors first construct a geometric model of spaceborne ISAR imaging for air targets. Aiming at the problem of low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), a novel translational motion compensation algorithm based on motion parameter estimation is proposed. The algorithm compensates for both distance migration and Doppler migration caused by the first‐order and second‐order motion components of relative motion, respectively. Finally, simulation and semi‐physical simulation results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm under different SNR and motion conditions.
A review of biotransformation of sulfur compounds in beer brewing
Authors: Wang Yu , Song Jialin , Nie Cong
Published: May 2024

A large number of polyfunctional mercaptan precursors are found in hops and malt, which are not smelled by the nose, and these substances are not fully utilized in the beer production process, and much of the research on these sulfur-containing compounds has been to further explore how to improve the expression of multifunctional thiol in beer. Three effective thiols are known to contribute significantly to the tropical flavor of wine and beer, notably 3-mercaptohexyl alcohol (3MH), 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA), and 4-methyl-4-thiopentan-2-one (4MMP). With the increasing demand for floral and tropical fruit aromas in beer in recent years, a comprehensive understanding is needed to manipulate the mechanisms by which these aromatic merthiols are expressed in beer. In this paper, the recent understanding of the release of polyfunctional thiol in beer is summarized, which provides the direction for future experimental research and will contribute to further understanding of the biological transformation of hop aroma.
Beyond Neurotransmission: The Immunological Mechanism of ACh from The CAIP Perspective
Authors: Wang Siying
Published: May 2024

Acetylcholine (ACh), traditionally recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in synaptic signaling, has emerged as a crucial player in the immune system, extending beyond its classical functions. Extensive scientific research has shed light on the intricate mechanisms underlying the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (CAIP), which plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses and preserving homeostasis. Primarily mediated by the vagus nerve, this pathway involves the interaction between the nervous and immunological systems. ACh, acting as a key signaling molecule, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating immune cell polarization (encompassing both morphological and functional changes), cytokine production, and signaling pathways. T cells and macrophages, equipped with the cholinergic system, prominently contribute to this immunomodulatory process. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms governing the CAIP and the specific contribution of ACh in immunological responses remain subjects of ongoing research and debate. This concise review explores the intricate neuro-immune interactions, with a particular focus on the CAIP. Additionally, we delve into the cholinergic system within immune cells, examining the influence of lymphocyte-derived ACh on immunological functioning, thereby illuminating its regulatory role in immune responses and homeostasis maintenance, providing new insights into the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to combat inflammation-related diseases.
A Study on Hemostatic Properties of Polyphenols Crosslinked Gelatin Microspheres Based on Michael Addition Reaction
Authors: Jiao Guanhua , Zhang Tianzhu
Published: May 2024

Massive blood loss caused by severe injury is one of the important challenges in the present research of hemostatic materials. In this study, we first prepared polyphenols crosslinked gelatin through Michael addition reaction at 60 °C, and pH = 9.5 for 30 min, herein the mass ratio of polyphenols to gelatin was 1:50. Then emulsion crosslinking method of water-in-oil was used to obtain polyphenols crosslinked gelatin microspheres, including dopamine crosslinked gelatin microspheres (DOPA-GMs) and gallic acid crosslinked gelatin microspheres (GA-GMs). The results showed that the hemostatic microspheres with polyphenols crosslinked gelatin could effectively enhance the hemostatic properties of single-component gelatin microspheres (GMs), and this study provided a new method and strategy for rapid hemostatic microspheres.
Gastric Cancer Pathological Image Segmentation based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Wenyue , Jia Ziyan , Li Qing , Zhang Dachuan , Pan Lingjiao , Shen Dawei
Published: May 2024

The difficulty in pathological image diagnosis of gastric cancer lies in the accurate segmentation of cancerous tissue in the picture. To increase gastric cancer pathological images segmentation accuracy, we optimized the basic UNet model and proposed the DCU-Net model. First, add a direct channel module to each layer of the encoding part to obtain more detailed information. In addition, considering that the image may cause a loss of information during the transmission process, a CA module is added before the up-sampling and down-sampling of each layer so that the model can obtain more channel information. After conducting segmentation experiments on our own gastric cancer data set and comparing it with several current classic segmentation models. The experiment proved that the segmentation accuracy using this article's model can be enhanced on our own gastric cancer image segmentation data set, achieving an accuracy of 91.30% and an IoU of 79.88%.
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and its monomer compounds and extracts on alcoholic gastric injury
Authors: Luo Yilin
Published: May 2024

Alcoholic gastric injury is a gastric disease caused by excessive intake of alcohol directly stimulating the gastric mucosa or alcohol entering the gastric wall after the dissolution of lipids. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of alcoholic gastric injury, and has the characteristics of high cure rate, low recurrence rate and small adverse reactions. This article reviews the experimental research and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, single compounds of Chinese herbs, traditional Chinese medicine extracts and traditional Chinese medicine compounds in preventing and treating alcoholic gastric injury. This article reviews the effectiveness of herbal medicines for the treatment of alcoholic gastric injury, and their mechanisms of action is presented to provide a reference for further research on anti-alcoholic gastric injury herbal medicines.
CRISPR/Cas System: Mechanisms, Applications, and Limitations
Authors: Tan Qingyuan
Published: May 2024

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system plays a role in the inhibition of immunity in many bacteria and archaea equips with various advantages such as high efficiency, diversity, and modularity. It is now widely used to improve quality and quantity of crops to satisfy global food demand. Although these prospects are tempting, deeper understanding is still required to improve their efficiency and safety. Therefore, an overview of this special system is important. In this review, the current knowledge of different types of CRISPR/Cas system as well as their mechanisms, applications in crop breeding and limitations is briefly introduced to provide fundamental understanding and guidance for future utilization.
Effets de la 2′-O-méthylation de l’ARN génomique du VIH-1 sur la réplication virale
Authors: Decombe Alice , El-Kazzi Priscila , Nisole Sébastien , Decroly Étienne
Published: May 2024

Les ARN du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine sont décorés par des marques épitranscriptomiques, dont des 2′-O-méthylations internes. Ces marques ajoutées par une enzyme cellulaire, FTSJ3, sont des marqueurs du « soi ». Elles ont des effets proviraux en protégeant l’ARN viral de la détection par le senseur de l’immunité innée MDA5, et en limitant sa dégradation par l’exonucléase cellulaire ISG20, induite par l’interféron. Ces méthylations ont également un effet antiviral, dans la mesure où elles perturbent la rétrotranscription du génome ARN du virus, in vitro et dans des cellules quiescentes. Un équilibre subtil existe donc entre les effets proviraux et antiviraux des 2′-O-méthylations, assurant ainsi une réplication optimale du virus. Ces découvertes ouvrent des perspectives d’optimisation des ARN thérapeutiques à effet antiviral, par la méthylation sélective de certains nucléotides.
« Fort comme la mort », où comment l’efferocytose contrôle la résolution de l’inflammation
Authors: Vetter Mathieu , Saas Philippe
Published: May 2024

L’arrêt de la réponse inflammatoire, ou résolution de l’inflammation, est considéré aujourd’hui comme un processus actif lié à la production (ou à la libération) de composés anti-inflammatoires aussi appelés composés pro-résolutifs. L’évènement permettant d’enclencher la résolution de l’inflammation est l’élimination des cellules immunitaires apoptotiques par les macrophages, un processus nommé efferocytose, dont l’altération est à l’origine de différentes maladies. Dans cette synthèse, nous décrivons les étapes de cette efferocytose et les mécanismes qui en résultent et permettent de stopper l’inflammation. Nous évoquerons également de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques fondées sur les facteurs pro-résolutifs : la thérapie résolutive.
L’émergence d’un « savoir-être » personnel et professionnel chez des médecins à la suite d’une formation « corps-esprit »
Authors: Lachance Josée , Desbiens Jean-François , Vinit Florence
Published: May 2024

Contexte et problématique : La pédagogie médicale vise à construire et à améliorer les compétences des professionnels de santé. Récemment, le thème de la corporéité émerge comme un enjeu de soutien à l’apprentissage, de relation aux patients et de prévention du burnout. La pratique du Sensible (PS), développé par Danis Bois, est une intervention corps et esprit (Mind-Body Medicine) favorisant la relation à son propre corps et à son mouvement, au service d’une meilleure conscience de soi et des autres. Aucune étude n’a été réalisée afin d’examiner les effets des PS chez des professionnels de la santé où l’interaction autour du corps occupe une place centrale. Objectif : Explorer l’influence de la formation aux PS chez des médecins. Leur conscience d’eux-mêmes, la qualité de leur présence aux autres, ainsi que l’interaction entre leur conception de la santé et leur pratique, ont été examinées. Méthodes : Une recherche qualitative utilisant la théorie ancrée a permis d’effectuer deux types d’entrevues semi-structurées (compréhensive et d’explicitation) auprès de six médecins ayant terminé leur formation en PS en France. Résultats : L’article présente spécifiquement les résultats liés à la sphère professionnelle des participants. L’analyse par catégorie conceptualisante souligne qu’au-delà d’une gestion du stress plus efficace, ces pratiques semblent avoir développé une meilleure qualité de « savoir-être », aidant les participants à améliorer leur compétence relationnelle intra et inter personnelle dans leur vie professionnelle. Les PS ouvrent ainsi un champ prometteur en pédagogie médicale, par l’intégration d’une formation passant par la corporéité.
The linked nail/plate construct for the management of distal femur fractures in the elderly
Authors: Saraglis Georgios , Khan Anwar , Sharma Amit , Pyakurel Sagar , Rabbani Sayed Fazal Elahi , Arafa Mohamed Shawky Abdelhamid
Published: May 2024

Background: Distal femoral fractures represent a challenging injury, with many different factors such as the method of fixation, complexity of fracture pattern, and patient co-morbidities affecting the outcome. Lots of surgical treatment options have been described, but recently double construct fixation, using a nail/plate combination, has received lots of attention, a technique that leads to faster weight-bearing, low risk of metalwork failure, and non-union. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the linked nail/plate construct in the management of complex distal femur fractures and to investigate if the above technique leads to faster recovery and earlier radiographic union. Materials and methods: In total 15 cases were included in the study, that underwent a combined nail/plate construct for a distal femur fracture between January 2021 and December 2022. Only cases with a linked nail/plate construct were included, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Open femur fractures, single implant fixation cases, and revision procedures were excluded. Results: In this cohort study, 11 cases were periprosthetic distal femur features, and 4 cases were distal femur fractures around a native knee joint. The mean age group was 74 years, 86.6% of the patients had a BMI > 25 and the mean time to fracture union was 24 weeks (range from 20 to 26 weeks). All cases healed uneventfully and the complication rate was 6.6%, including 1 case of superficial infection which resolved completely with oral antibiotics. Conclusion: The increasing age population, the complexity of distal femoral fractures along with the increasing physiological demands of the elderly population, drive the need for double fixation constructs that allow early mobilization and enhance fracture stability. In our study, the linked nail/plate construct seems to provide adequate stability and excellent union rates (100%) with no associated increased risk of complications.
COVID-19 vaccination among adolescents and young adults with chronic
kidney conditions: a single-center experience
Authors: Baltu Demet , Kurt-Sukur Eda Didem , Tastemel Ozturk Tugba , Gulhan Bora , Ozaltin Fatih , Duzova Ali , Topaloglu Rezan
Published: May 2024

Background Following the pandemic of COVID-19, the main focus has been on
COVID-19 vaccines and herd immunity. Although the safety of the COVID-19
vaccines has been shown in clinical trials, children with chronic diseases were
not included. We investigated the side effect profile and safety of the COVID-19
vaccines in adolescents with kidney disease.

Methods A questionnaire including demographic information, history of
COVID-19, vaccination status, and vaccine-related side effects was administered
to the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2–5, glomerular disease
treated with immunosuppression, and kidney transplant recipients.

Results Ninety-eight patients were vaccinated with CoronaVac-inactivated
SARS-CoV-2 (n=16) or BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) COVİD-19 (n=82) vaccine. The
mean age was 16.90±2.36 years. The most common side effects were local pain,
fatigue, and fever. No serious side effects or renal disease flare were
observed. There was no significant difference in the side effects reported after
the BNT162b2 mRNA-RNA as compared to the Corona Vac-inactivated SARS-CoV-2
vaccine. No significant relationship was found between the frequency of side
effects according to age, glomerular filtration rate, immunosuppressive
treatments, CKD stage, and the underlying disease.

Conclusion Although the reported data are subjective because they were
obtained through a questionnaire and studies with long-term follow-up are
needed, our early experience suggests that the vaccine is safe and adolescents
and young adults should be encouraged to be vaccinated.
Cancer and Spirituality—Underutilized Resource for Cancer Care in India
Authors: Murthy Srinivasa R.
Published: May 2024

Living with cancer is a challenge to the individuals and their families. This is a personal perspective of a person living with a diagnosis of cancer for over a decade and as psychiatrist supporting others in a similar situation and their caregivers. The challenges are medical, psychological, social, and spiritual. In the care of persons living with a diagnosis of cancer, there is a need to mobilize all of the resources toward relief and recovery. In the Indian context, to make sense of the uncertainties, spirituality in various forms is harnessed by the patients and their families. Epics and religious stories are routinely used to make sense of the pain, distress, and uncertainties of living with cancer. It is for the caregiving professionals to understand this rich resource in India, and develop ways of maximizing the value of spirituality in the care programs. Systematic study, documentation, and adaptation of the spiritual resources of different religions and communities in the cancer care could be an important Indian contribution to cancer care in the world. Such a development could be similar to the universal acceptance of the value of yoga in the recent years.
Does Side Matter? The Impact of Free Flap Harvest Laterality on Ambulatory Function in Lower Extremity Traumatic Reconstruction
Authors: Moshal Tayla , Roohani Idean , Stanton Eloise W. , Zachary Paige K. , Boudiab Elizabeth , Lo Jessica , Markarian Emily , Carey Joseph N. , Daar David A.
Published: May 2024

Background Free flaps are essential for limb salvage in patients with lower extremity (LE) trauma; however, significant donor-site morbidity could impact functional outcomes. This study compares postoperative ambulatory function between contralateral and ipsilateral free flap harvest in LE traumatic reconstruction.

Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent LE reconstruction at a level 1 trauma center from 2009 to 2022. Flap characteristics, injury history, and ambulatory function were collected. Flap harvest laterality was determined in relation to the injured leg. The flaps were categorized as either fasciocutaneous or those that included a muscle component (muscle/myocutaneous). Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results Upon review, 173 LE free flaps were performed, of which 70 (65.4%) were harvested from the ipsilateral leg and 37 (34.6%) were from the contralateral leg. Among all LE free flaps, the limb salvage rate was 97.2%, and the flap survival rate was 94.4%. Full ambulation was achieved in 37 (52.9%) patients in the ipsilateral cohort and 18 (48.6%) in the contralateral cohort (p = 0.679). The average time to full ambulation did not vary between these cohorts (p = 0.071). However, upon subanalysis of the 61 muscle/myocutaneous flaps, the ipsilateral cohort had prolonged time to full ambulation (6.4 months, interquartile range [IQR]: 4.8–13.5) compared with the contralateral one (2.3 months, IQR: 2.3 [1.0–3.9]) p = 0.007. There was no significant difference in time to full ambulation between flap harvest laterality cohorts among the fasciocutaneous flaps (p = 0.733).

Conclusion Among free flaps harvested from the ipsilateral leg, fasciocutaneous flaps were associated with faster recovery to full ambulation relative to muscle/myocutaneous flaps. Since harvesting muscle or myocutaneous flaps from the ipsilateral leg may be associated with a slower recovery of ambulation, surgeons may consider harvesting from a donor site on the contralateral leg if reconstruction requires a muscle component.
Reducing asymmetric cost behaviors: Evidence from digital innovation
Authors: Du Xinyi , Jiang Kangqi , Zheng Xian
Published: May 2024

This study quantifies the impact of digital innovation on corporate performance, offering insights into the sustainability of digital innovation’s impact and providing guidance for firms embarking on their digital innovation journey. We examine the effect of digital innovation on cost stickiness using patent reports spanning from 2007 to 2022. The baseline analysis results reveal that digital innovation significantly mitigates cost stickiness in companies. This finding remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting various robustness tests. We probe potential mechanisms and discover that digital innovation reduces cost stickiness by enhancing the quality of internal controls, improving resource-adjustment efficiency, and addressing managerial over-optimism. Heterogeneity analysis indicates a more pronounced impact of digital innovation on reducing asymmetric cost behaviors in larger firms, those beyond the growth stage, and in regions with active digital procurement, well-developed digital taxation governance, and sound judiciary infrastructures. Additionally, our expanded analysis confirms the financial benefits of digital innovation in reducing cost stickiness. A notable discovery is the negative correlation between digital transformation and cost stickiness within digitally innovative firms, underscoring the greater significance of digital innovation over mere digitization. Overall, this study significantly advances our understanding of how digital innovation influences cost management strategies.
Research on current control strategy of overvoltage flexible suppression device based on cascaded linear-nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller
Authors: Niu Haichun , Liu Xiaoling , Liu Yu , Qin Fuzhen , Huang Gaiyun
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the immunity and speed tracking performance of active inverters in resonant overvoltage flexible suppression under load variation, parameter perturbation, and other uncertainties, a current control strategy of a resonant overvoltage flexible grounding device based on a cascading linear-nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller is proposed in this paper. First, the mathematical model of the flexible device considering load disturbance and parameter mismatch is established. Second, a cascade of linear and nonlinear extended state observers is designed to estimate and compensate the uncertain disturbance of the system in real time. The former linear extended state observer ensures the stability of the system under large disturbance, and the latter nonlinear extended state observer further improves the estimation accuracy of the disturbance by using the nonlinear mechanism. Finally, the flexible grounding system based on PI control and cascaded linear-nonlinear active disturbance rejection control (CL-NLADRC) is simulated and compared. Compared with PI control, NLADRC, and CLADRC, the current drop of the proposed CL-NLADRC during loading is 0.03 kA, which is 81.1%, 85.7%, and 73% of the three, respectively, and the regulation time is 13 ms, which is 82%, 75%, and 18.7% shorter than the three, respectively. The speed increase during load shedding is 93.5%, 80.5%, and 74.3% of the three, and the adjustment time is shortened by 80%, 73%, and 28%, respectively. The superiority of the proposed method is verified.