bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plate Fixation Compared with Nonoperative Treatment for Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures
Authors: Woltz Sarah , Stegeman Sylvia A. , Krijnen Pieta , van Dijkman Bart A. , van Thiel Tom P.H. , Schep Niels W.L. , de Rijcke Piet A.R. , Frölke Jan Paul M. , Schipper Inger B. ,   on behalf of the Sleutel Trial Study Group
Published: January 2017

Background:

The use of operative treatment for clavicular fractures is increasing, despite varying results in previous studies. The aim of this study was to compare plate fixation and nonoperative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures with respect to nonunion, adverse events, and shoulder function.

Methods:

In this multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial, patients between 18 and 60 years old with a displaced midshaft clavicular fracture were randomized between nonoperative treatment and open reduction with internal plate fixation. The primary outcome was evidence of nonunion at 1 year. Other outcomes were secondary operations, arm function as measured with the Constant shoulder score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, pain, cosmetic results, and general health status. Outcomes were recorded at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year following trauma.

Results:

One hundred and sixty patients were randomized. The rate of nonunion was significantly higher in the nonoperatively treated group than in the operatively treated group (23.1% compared with 2.4%; p < 0.0001), as was the rate of nonunion for which secondary plate fixation was performed (12.9% compared with 1.2%; p = 0.006). The rate of secondary operations was 27.4% in the operatively treated group (16.7% for elective plate removal) and 17.1% in the nonoperatively treated group (p = 0.18). Nineteen percent of the patients in the operatively treated group had persistent loss of sensation around the scar. No difference was found between the groups with respect to the Constant and DASH scores at all time points.

Conclusions:

For patients with a diaphyseal fracture of the clavicle displaced at least 1 shaft width, plate fixation improves the chances that the bone will heal; however, the rate of patients who need a second operation is considerable. In addition, the procedure does not improve shoulder function or general symptoms, and it does not decrease limitations compared with nonoperative treatment in a sling.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparing an Annual and a Daily Time‐Step Model for Predicting Field‐Scale Phosphorus Loss
Authors: Bolster Carl H. , Forsberg Adam , Mittelstet Aaron , Radcliffe David E. , Storm Daniel , Ramirez‐Avila John , Sharpley Andrew N. , Osmond Deanna
Published: January 2017

A wide range of mathematical models are available for predicting phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural fields, ranging from simple, empirically based annual time‐step models to more complex, process‐based daily time‐step models. In this study, we compare field‐scale P‐loss predictions between the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE), an empirically based annual time‐step model, and the Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool (TBET), a process‐based daily time‐step model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. We first compared predictions of field‐scale P loss from both models using field and land management data collected from 11 research sites throughout the southern United States. We then compared predictions of P loss from both models with measured P‐loss data from these sites. We observed a strong and statistically significant (p < 0.001) correlation in both dissolved (ρ = 0.92) and particulate (ρ = 0.87) P loss between the two models; however, APLE predicted, on average, 44% greater dissolved P loss, whereas TBET predicted, on average, 105% greater particulate P loss for the conditions simulated in our study. When we compared model predictions with measured P‐loss data, neither model consistently outperformed the other, indicating that more complex models do not necessarily produce better predictions of field‐scale P loss. Our results also highlight limitations with both models and the need for continued efforts to improve their accuracy.

Core Ideas

We compared predictions of P loss between an empirically‐based and process‐based model.

Predictions from both models were well correlated with each other.

The process‐based model did not result in noticeably better predictions of P loss.

APLE predicted greater DP loss and TBET predicted greater PP loss.

Results indicate the need for improving accuracy of both models.
Chemical Distribution of Phosphorus in Soils used during the Development of Sorption Isotherms
Authors: Schmitt Djalma , Pagliari Paulo H. , do Nascimento Carlos A. C.
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas

Soil P adsorption studies provide misleading information regarding how P binds to soil.

Phosphorus adsorption studies might not correctly estimate the true potential for a soil to hold P.

Adsorption strength calculated using adsorption studies are skewed towards the nonlabile pool, which does not represent where the majority of P binds during such studies.

This study was developed to provide initial information on the chemical distribution of P into the different soil P pools after a soil sample underwent P sorption using 17 soil samples from the United States (13) and Brazil (4). During the sorption phase, soil samples were equilibrated with solutions containing increasing P concentrations (0–75 mg P L–1) following standard procedures. Following the sorption phase, the soil samples were allowed to air dry for 72 h and underwent a chemical fractionation (in water, anionic resin, 0.5M NaHCO3, 0.1M NaOH, and 1.0M HCl). A wide range of sorption strength ranging from 0.043 to 0.289 L kg–1 and a maximum sorption ranging from 189 to 789 mg kg–1 were observed. More than 59% of the sorbed P was found in the water + resin fraction, which is considered the most labile pools where the binding energy is assumed to be low. In contrast, less than 25% of the sorbed P was found in the nonlabile pools where the binding energy is assumed to be the greatest. Although less than 25% of the sorbed P was found in the non‐labile pools, the NaOH+HCl fraction contributed 2 to 61% of the overall sorption strength estimated for the soils studied. The results of this study suggest that sorption strength calculated from sorption studies are heavily skewed toward the nonlabile fraction, which was found to constitute a very small portion of the binding sites occupied during sorption studies.
Botanical and phyto-pharmacological reports on Stephania japhonica
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Hossain Mohammad , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Tareq Syed Mohammed
Published: January 2017

Medicinal plants play a key role in the human health. The use of plants, plant parts and their derived products is ancient. To date, a number of medicinal plants have gained attention of the medicinal scientists for their important phytoconstituents and in the treatment of various diseases. The plants of the genus Stephania (Family: Menispermaceae) are widely distributed, and are being used in the folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments, such as asthma, tuberculosis, fever, dysentery, hyperglycemia, malaria, and cancer. Stephania japonica belonging to this genus has been reported for many important phytochemicals and folk usages in the treatment of fever, diarrhea, dyspepsia, convulsions, skin diseases, cough, asthma, and urinary disorders. The scientific evidences suggest that, S. japonica has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, and analgesic activities. This review presents a current morphological and phyto-pharmacological scenario on this hopeful medicinal plant.
MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS OF RAMAYANA
Authors: Pathak Pramod
Published: January 2017

The practice of Management is as ancient as civilization and from affairs of the state to matters of the society were all managed rather effectively even though schools of Management and the Discipline of Management was not there. Our ancient religious narratives like Ramayana offer several lessons on Management that can add value to modern Management literature. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the managerial implications of Ramayana and is based on the author’s deliberations as an invited speaker in the International Conference on Ramayana organized jointly by Ministry of Education, Culture and Art, Government of Fiji and Fiji Sevashram Sangh at Suva during October 2016.
WORK STRESS IN BANKING SECTOR: An Empirical Study in Nepal
Authors: Devi V. Rama , Shakya Anu
Published: January 2017

In the cut throat competitive era, employers realized that employees are the only source of competitive advantage. Given the pressure to perform and compete, stress will be a natural concomitant. In today’s competitive work environment, stress level is increasing among the employees. Banking industry which is the backbone of the country’s economy is not an exceptional one. During the past decade, the Nepalese banking sector has under gone rapid and striking changes due to globalization and liberalization, increased competition due to the entrance of more private sector banks, introduction of new technologies, etc. Due to these changes, the employees in the banking sector are exposed to various pressures causing stress. The present research aims to study the stress faced by bank employees in both public and private sectors of Nepal and determine the factors causing stress.
INDIA: CURRENCY DEMONETISATION AND THE WAY AHEAD
Authors: Jain Kangan , Pandiya Sanjiv
Published: January 2017

In the backdrop of the recent Demonetisation promulgated by the PM on the night of 8th Nov.,2016, this paper attempts to put together the opposing views among economists, highlight the direction in which cash is headed and also lists the way ahead for India to emerge as a cleaner and transparent marketplace. Some economists opine recent demonetisation as a big bang structural reform the Indian economy needed. Almost all asset classes were reeling under huge price bubbles and assets like a decent house, gold had almost become inaccessible for the aam aadmi. In the short run, definitely the entire nation will pay the costs, however in the long run, this step will prick the asset price bubbles and cause prices to hover close to their real values, give a hit to parallel economy and reduce overall crime. On the other hand, for some economists, this demonetisation is more of a palliative to suppress the ills in the economy. Only some black money holders will get trapped and be impoverished for a lot of others may still find channels to offload their black money. Evidence from other nations show that the stride towards cashlessness is an inevitable step and for countries hitherto dependent on cash, its better late than never. The question is not whether or not to move ahead. Its rather about how to manage all the bedlam that the demonetisation has caused. The demonetisation in India is a clear indication of where the nation is moving. Cashless India is apparent, inevitable and needed! The paper also goes on to suggest measures such as gold registry along with real estate digitisation and periodic demonetisation of BCNs to give a final blow to the black economy.
Verifikasi Dua Varian Protokol Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector dengan UPPAAL
Authors: Suzanti Ika Oktavia , Pulungan Reza
Published: January 2017

AbstrakMobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) adalah sekumpulan wireless mobile yang terhubung satu sama lain tanpa infrastruktur yang tetap sehingga perubahan topologi dapat terjadi setiap saat. Protokol routing MANET memiliki dua model yaitu protokol routing reaktif yang membentuk tabel routing hanya saat dibutuhkan dan protokol routing proaktif yang melakukan pemeliharaan tabel routing secara berkala. Properti umum yang harus dipenuhi oleh protokol jaringan ad-hoc adalah route discovery, packet delivery dan loop fredom. AODV merupakan protokol reaktif MANET yang memiliki standar waktu berapa lama sebuah rute dapat digunakan (route validity), sehingga properti route discovery dan packet delivery harus dapat dipenuhi dalam waktu tersebut. Proses verifikasi protokol dilakukan dengan memodelkan spesifikasi protokol menggunakan teknik, tool, dan bahasa matematis. Pada penelitian ini bahasa pemodelan  yang digunakan adalah timed automata, yaitu bahasa pemodelan untuk memodelkan sistem yang memiliki ketergantungan terhadap waktu tertentu pada setiap prosesnya. Verifikasi protokol dilakukan secara otomatis dengan mengggunakan tool model checker UPPAAL.Protokol yang diverifikasi adalah protokol AODV Break Avoidance milik Ali Khosrozadeh dkk dan protokol AODV Reliable Delivery dari Liu-Jian dan Fang-Min. Hasil verifikasi protokol membuktikan bahwa protokol AODV Break Avoidance mampu memenuhi properti route discovery dan protokol AODV Reliable Delivery mampu memenuhi properti packet delivery dalam waktu sesuai dengan spesifikasi. Kata kunci —Verifikasi Protokol, Timed Automata,  AODV, UPPAAL Abstract MANET is a group of wireless mobile that connected one to each other without fixed infrastructure so topology could change at anytime. MANET routing protocol has two models which are reactive routing protocol that built routing table only when needed and proactive routing protocol that maintain routing table periodically. General property which had to be satisfied by ad-hoc network protocol are route discovery, packet delivery and loop freedom. AODV is a reactive protocol in MANET that has time standard to determine how long a route is valid to be used (route validity) so route discovery and packet delivery property should be satisfied in a specifically certain time. Protocol verification process done by modeling protocol specification using technique, tool and mathematic language.In this research protocol modeled using timed automata which is a modeling language that could be used to model a time dependent system in each process. Verification using timed automata can automatically done by UPPAAL tool model checker.Protocol which will be verified are AODV Break Avoidance by Ali Khosrozadeh et al. and AODV Reliable Delivery by Liu Jian and Fang-Min. Result of this protocol verification prove that AODV BA could satisfied route discovery property and AODV Reliable Delivery could satisfied packet delivery property within their specification time. Keywords—Protocol Verification, Timed Automata, AODV, UPPAAL
Segmentasi Tulang Kortikal pada Citra Dental Panoramic Radiograph
Authors: Agus Kumala Thohiroh , Harjoko Agus
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPengolahan citra dalam dunia medis sudah banyak dikembangkan. Satu tahapan yang penting dalam pengolahan citra ini yaitu segmentasi. Ketepatan dalam menentukan diagnosis suatu penyakit ditentukan oleh ketepatan tahap segmentasi.Penelitian ini menggunakan citra dental panoramic radiograph dengan ukuran 2000x1000 piksel. Daerah sampel tulang kortikal diambil dari tulang kortikal rahang bawah bagian kanan dan kiri sekitar foramen mentalis dengan ukuran 128x128 piksel. Untuk mempermudah proses segmentasi maka dilakukan prapengolahan terhadap citra yaitu dengan contrast stretching dan grayscaling. Selanjutnya citra hasil prapengolahan dilakukan segmentasi menggunakan metode active contour. Metode ini diawali dengan pembentukan pembentukan mask sebagai kurva awal, dari kurva awal ini kemudian kurva akan bergerak keluar atau kedalam sesuai dengan bentuk tepi dari tulang kortikal.   Ujicoba dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Segmentasi dari 21 data citra dental panoramic radiograph menggunakan metode Active Contour dapat melakukan segmentasi tulang kortikal kanan dengan prosentase akurasi 90,67%, sensitifitas 90,14% dan spesifitas 91,55%. Tulang kortikal kiri dengan prosentase akurasi 89,37%, sensitifitas 86,59% dan spesifitas 91,23%. Kata kunci— active contour, dental panoramic radiograph, tulang kortikal, segmentasi citra  AbstractImage processing in the medical world has been developed. One important stage in the processing of this image is segmentation. The accuracy in determining the diagnosis of a disease is determined by the accuracy of the segmentation stage.This study used a dental panoramic radiograph image with the size of 2000x1000 pixels. The area of cortical bone samples taken from the cortical bone of the lower jaw right and left about the mental foramen with 128x128 pixels. To simplify the process of segmentation is carried out preprocessing on the image that is by contrast stretching and grayscale. Furthermore, image segmentation results of preprocessing conducted using active contour method. This method begins with the formation of the formation of the mask as the initial curve, from the initial curve is then the curve will move in or out according to the shape of the edge of the cortical bone.Tests performed using the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Segmentation of 21 dental panoramic radiograph image data using Active Contour method can perform with the right cortical bone segmentation accuracy percentage of 90.67%, 90.14% sensitivity and 91.55% specificity. Cortical bone is left with an accuracy percentage of 89.37%, 86.59% sensitivity and 91.23% specificity. Keywords— active contour, dental panoramic radiograph, cortical bone, image segmentation
Pengoreksi Nada Menggunakan Mikrokontroler untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Suara pada Biola
Authors: Kusuma Wardhana Danu , Kuntoro Priyambodo Tri
Published: January 2017

AbstrakBiola merupakan alat musik berjenis tanpa fret (fretless) sehingga kualitas permainan biola sangat bergantung pada ketelitian pemain dalam memainkan setiap nadanya. Untuk para pemula proses penjarian merupakan proses yang membutuhkan waktu lama, sehingga jika kemampuan belum memadai, nada-nada yang dihasilkan dari gesekan pemain pemula sering sumbang sehingga kurang nyaman untuk didengarkan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, diperlukan suatu alat untuk menghasilkan nada biola yang tidak sumbang ketika pemain memainkan biola secara langsung. Sistem yang dibuat menggunakan sensor suara sebagai penangkap gelombang nada biola, mengubahnya menjadi sinyal listrik untuk diproses deteksi nilai nadanya –membaca sesuai nilai interval frekeuensi nada utama –dan memainkan data audio nada utama biola yang tidak sumbang. Proses utama dilakukan oleh mikrokontroler dengan bantuan Shield Audio. Keluaran sistem berupa nada tidak sumbang sesuai harapan yang keluar melalui speaker.Dalam mengolah nada sumbang menjadi nada utama yang sesuai, dari uji coba menggunakan sine wave sistem menghasilkan tingkat kepreisisian 100%. Dari uji coba menggunakan nada biola pra-rekam sistem menghasilkan tingkat kepresisian 17,33%. Dari uji coba menggunakan nada biola dalam permainan langsung sistem menghasilkan tingkat kepresisian 10,66%.  Kata kunci— biola, nada biola, pengoreksi nada, gelombang sinus, pencacah frekuensi  Abstract Violin is a frteless musical instrument so that carefulness of the player affects the tone quality. For begineers, it tooks a lot of time for fingering process, so if they are not skillfull enough it will generate many out-of-tune pitches which uncomfortable to be heard. For clearing this issue, it needs an equipment for generating in-tune pitches while the violinist is playing-live.System is made using sound sensor for receiving the wave of the violin, turned it out to electric signal and then detecting its pitch value – reading it as the interval of the main frequency – and then playing desired in-tune audio data of violin tones. The main process is done by microcontroller supported by audio shield. The output is in-tune audio data which played through speaker.System achieved 100% accuracy while using pure sinusoid wave tones for testing. System achieved  17,33% accuracy while  using pre-recorded violin tones for testing. System achieved 10,66% accuracy while using live-played violin tones for testing.  Keywords— violin, violin pitch, pitch correction, sinusoid wave, frequency counter
Analisis Perkiraan TDOA menggunakan Algoritma LMS Adaptif pada Pelacakan Paus Lodan
Authors: Permana Andriyan , Putra Agfianto Eko , Atmaji Catur
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPenelitian mengenai perkiraan TDOA dalam pelacakan paus lodan telah dilakukan[1] yang menggunakan Teager-Kaiser operator dalam peningkatan akurasi perkiraan nilai TDOA untuk pelacakan paus lodan menggunakan algoritma LMS adaptif. Namun demikian, belum dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor konvergensi (μ) yang tepat (cepat dan akurat) pada perkiraan TDOA menggunakan algoritma LMS adaptif untuk pelacakan paus lodan. Akan dilakukan analisis perkiraan nilai TDOA menggunakan algoritma LMS adaptif pada pelacakan posisi paus lodan dengan variasi nilai μ. Pada penelitian ini, sebagai acuan untuk menentukan nilai μ yang tepat, digunakan hasil pelacakan paus pada penelitian [2].Perkiraan TDOA menggunakan algoritma LMS Adaptif pertama kali dipublikasikan oleh Benesty [3]. Pendekatan yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada perkiraan tanggap impulsional dari sumber ke penerima. Pada algoritma LMS adaptif dilakukan pembaruan nilai koefisien dengan μ sebagai langkah adaptasi. Nilai TDOA diperoleh dari selisih jarak dua tanggap impulsional.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa perubahan nilai μ mempengaruhi kecepatan perkiraan TDOA menggunakan algoritma LMS adaptif. Akan tetapi, nilai μ yang tidak tepat mengakibatkan hasil pelacakan paus tidak akurat. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh nilai μ terbaik untuk perkiraan TDOA menggunakan algoritma LMS adaptif pada pelacakan posisi paus lodan adalah 0.01. Kata kunci— perkiraan TDOA, LMS adaptif, faktor konvergensi, pelacakan paus lodan AbstractResearch on TDOA estimation in sperm whale tracking has been done [1] that uses the Teager - Kaiser operator in improving accuracy the TDOA estimation using adaptive LMS algorithm on sperm whale tracking. However, further researches on the right convergence factor (μ) (fast and accurate) in TDOA estimation using adaptive LMS algorithms for sperm whale tracking have not been performed. Will be analyzed the TDOA estimation using adaptive LMS algorithm in sperm whale tracking with the variation of μ. As a reference to determine the right value of μ, the results of sperm whale tracking[2] is used.TDOA estimation using Adaptive LMS algorithm was first published by Benesty [3]. The approach taken is based on estimation of the impulse responses from source to receivers. In the adaptive LMS algorithm function updates the coefficient with μ as adaptation step. TDOA values obtained from the difference between the two impulse responses.From the results, values changing of μ affect the speed of TDOA estimation using the LMS adaptive algorithm. However, the wrong value of μ is lead to inaccurate sperm whale tracking results. The best value of μ for TDOA estimation using the LMS adaptive algorithm for sperm whale tracking is 0.01. Keywords— TDOA estimation, adaptive LMS, convergence factor, sperm whale tracking
Identifikasi Model dari Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak Sayap Tetap Jenis Bixler
Authors: Majid Abdul , Sumiharto Raden , Wibisono Setyawan Bekti
Published: January 2017

AbstrakModel terbang merupakan bagian penting dalam pembangunan sistem kontrol suatu pesawat udara tanpa awak sayap tetap, terutama dalam pembangunan sistem kendali mandiri atau autopilot pesawat. Dengan model terbang, gerak terbang pesawat dapat direpresentasikan dan disimulasikan. Pada penelitian ini, model terbang dihasilkan melalui identifikasi sistem atau pemodelan pesawat udara tanpa awak sayap tetap jenis Bixler. Identifikasi sistem dilakukan berdasarkan eksperimen (pengambilan data terbang) dan digunakan struktur model state-space. Terdapat tiga tahapan dalam penelitian ini, pemodelan gerak terbang pesawat, pengambilan data terbang, dan identifikasi model terbang. Melalui tiga tahapan tersebut, diperoleh model terbang pesawat sayap tetap jenis Bixler yang dapat merepresentasikan gerak terbang pesawat yang terbagi dalam 2 mode, mode longitudinal dan mode lateral.Diperoleh model terbang mode longitudinal pesawat udara tanpa awak sayap tetap jenis Bixler menggunakan 13 parameter menggunakan struktur model state-space orde 4. Model terbang mode lateral pesawat udara tanpa awak sayap tetap jenis Bixler menggunakan 11 parameter menggunakan struktur model state-space orde 4. Kata kunci—UAV, Identifikasi Sistem, Pemodelan   AbstractFlight model is one of importing thing in fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system development, mainly in the aircraft autopilot. Through this flight model, the aircraft motion can be represented and simulated.In this research, the flight model is obtained through system identification and system modelling of Bixler fixed-wing  unmanned aerial vehicle. System identification is based on experiment data and use state-space model structure. There are three stages in this research, aircraft motion system modelling, flight data collecting, and flight model identification. Through those three stages, Bixler fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle flight model is obtained as represented in two modes, longitudinal mode and lateral modeThe Bixler fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle longitudinal mode flight model is obtained using 13 parameters. The lateral mode is obtained using 11 parameters. All modes are in 4th order state space model structure. Keywords— UAV, System Identification, Modelling
Implementasi Kontrol Model Prediksi Berbasis ANFIS Pada Mesin Penghasil Uap Air
Authors: Ladioktaviagusdi Rangga Kurniawan , Sumiharto Raden
Published: January 2017

AbstrakMesin penghasil uap air mempunyai permasalahan pada parameter keluaran berupa dependent variabel, oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu cara untuk mendapatkan perilaku sistem dari mesin penghasil uap air yang direpresentasikan dengan model dari plant tersebut.Implementasi kontrol model prediksi pada penelitian ini direpresentasikan dengan menggunakan simulasi, sehingga objek yang dikontrol berupa mesin virtual penghasil uap air.Dalam penelitan ini digunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB sebagai mesin virtual penghasil uap air dan juga untuk melakukan komputasi ANFIS, sedangkan perangkat lunak LabVIEW digunakan sebagai representasi dari ruang kontrol.Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan parameter terbaik untuk masing-masing ANFIS yang dijadikan sebagai unit model pada kontrol model prediksi, yaitu dengan menggunakan historical data ke-4 yang berjumlah 800 data, dengan rasio presentase pembelajaran untuk training data dan checking data pada masing-masing ANFIS untuk setiap struktur model secara berurutan sebesar 90% dan 10%, kecuali rasio presentase untuk ANFIS pada parameter aliran air secara berurutan sebesar 80% dan 20%. Hasil validasi RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) dengan melakukan pengujian terhadap 100 data, didapatkan nilai sebagai berikut: aliran air=1.9941, tekanan air=48.0236, aliran udara=604.0621, tekanan bahan bakar=0.7087, temperatur bahan bakar=18.6594, O2 content=0.9591, tekanan uap air=76.1557, kualitas uap air=3.9734 dan aliran uap air=264.9173. Kata kunci— Mesin penghasil uap air, kontrol model prediksi, pemodelan, ANFIS, MATLAB, LabVIEW AbstractSteam generator has problem such as dependent variable on the output parameters, therefore it is needed a way to get system behavior of steam generator which is represented by model of the plant. Implementation of the model predictive control in this research was represented by using simulation, so the object that was controlled was virtual steam generator. In this research was used MATLAB software as a virtual steam generator and also for computes ANFIS, whereas the LabVIEW software was used as a representation of control room.From the research, it was found the best parameters for each ANFIS that was used as a model unit in the model predictive control, that was by using historical data 4th as much as 800 datas, the percentage ratio of learning for training data and checking data on each ANFIS for each model structures sequentially by 90% and 10%, except the percentage ratio for ANFIS on water flow parameter sequentially by 80% and 20%. The results of validation RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) by testing for 100 datas, it was obtained values as follows: water flow=1.9941, water pressure=48.0236, air flow=604.0621, fuel gas pressure=0.7087, fuel gas temperature=18.6594, O2 content=0.9591, steam pressure=76.1557, steam quality=3.9734 and steam flow=264.9173. Keywords—  Steam generator, model predictive control, modeling, ANFIS, MATLAB, LabVIEW
Pengolahan Citra Digital untuk Keyboard Virtual Sebagai Antarmuka pada Aplikasi Berbasis Web
Authors: Alhaqq Raksaka Indra , Harjoko Agus
Published: January 2017

AbstrakSejak pertama kali komputer ditemukan, keyboard selalu menjadi alat utama yang menjadi penghubung interaksi antara manusia dan komputer. Saat ini banyak komputer yang menerapkan teknologi pengolahan citra untuk menjadikannya perantara interaksi antara komputer dan manusia.Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mencoba untuk menerapkan teknologi pengolahan citra yang digunakan untuk keyboard virtual pada aplikasi web. Digunakan webcam untuk menangkap citra ujung jari telunjuk. Hasil capture citra akan dikirimkan ke server localhost untuk diproses dengan image processing. Untuk mendeteksi ujung jari telunjuk, digunakan metode Haar Cascade Classifier. Proses pendeteksian tersebut menghasilkan koordinat yang akan dikirimkan ke aplikasi web yang selanjutnya dijadikan acuan untuk menentukan posisi tombol pada keyboard virtual. Sehingga keyboard virtual akan menampilan karakter sesuai dengan yang ditunjuk oleh ujung jari telunjuk.Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, jarak optimal ujung jari telunjuk dengan webcam adalah 20 – 35 cm. Derajat kemiringan ujung jari telunjuk untuk dapat terdeteksi antara 0° – 10°. Sistem mampu mengenali ujung jari telunjuk pada ruangan berlatar belakang putih polos dan terdapat sedikit perabot. Waktu respon untuk menampilkan karakter keyboard virtual rata-rata 5,156 detik. Sehingga keyboard virtual pada sistem ini belum mampu dijadikan antarmuka pada aplikasi web, dikarenakan masih sulit digunakan dalam mengarahkan ujung jari telunjuk ke tombol karakter yang diinginkan.Kata kunci—aplikasi web, Haar Cascade Classifier, keyboard virtual, pengolahan citra  AbstractSince the first computer was founded, keyboard is always been a primary tool for interaction between humans and computers. Today, many computers use image processing technology to make interaction between computers and humans.The author try to apply image processing technology that implemented to virtual keyboard on web application. Using a webcam to capture the tip of index finger and the results will be sent to the localhost server for processing with image processing. Using Haar Cascade Classifier method to detect the tip of index finger, it will produce coordinates that sent to the web application and it used as a reference for determining button positions on virtual keyboard. Virtual keyboard characters will display after appointed by the tip of  index finger.From testing results, optimal distance from index finger to webcam is 20 – 35 cm. System can recognize the tip of index finger on white background and room with few furnitures. Average response time for displaying virtual keyboard sentences is 3 minutes and 28.838 seconds. So the virtual keyboard on this system was not able to be used as interface on web application, because it difficult to use in directing the tip of index finger to the character keys.Keywords—web application, Haar Cascade Classifier, virtual keyboard, image processing
Sistem Kendali PID pada Modus Transisi Terbang Tiltrotor
Authors: Akhzan Syafrizal , Dharmawan Andi
Published: January 2017

AbstrakTiltrotor merupakan jenis pesawat tanpa awak yang dapat lepas landas secara vertikal dan terbang maju dengan kecepatan penuh. Kemampuan ini didukung dengan adanya aktuator yang dapat mengubah sudut baling-baling pada modus transisi. Tanpa adanya sistem kendali pada modus hovering dan transisi, akan menyebabkan tiltrotor sulit untuk dikendalikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membuat sistem yang mampu menstabilkan tiltrotor dengan mempertahankan sudut orientasi roll, pitch, dan yaw tiltrotor pada modus hovering dan transisi menggunakan pengendali PID.Pengendali PID menggunakan negative feedback yang berasal dari pembacaan sensor accelerometer, gyroscope, dan magnetometer dengan metode DMP dan Madgwick quaternion menghasilkan keluaran pulsa untuk mengendalikan kecepatan motor brushless dan posisi sudut motor servo. Hasil dari pengendali PID juga dibandingkan dengan pengendali P dan PI.Sesuai dengan pengujian, sistem kendali pada modus transisi pada sudut roll dengan setpoint 0o mampu mempertahankan posisi sudut roll pada sudut rata-rata 0.48o dengan standar deviasi 1.75o, pada sudut pitch dengan setpoint 25o mampu mempertahankan posisi sudut pitch pada sudut rata-rata 25.26o dengan standar deviasi 2.87o, pada sudut yaw mampu mempertahankan posisi sudut yaw pada rentang 10o hingga 0o dengan sudut rata-rata 3.78o dan standar deviasi 1.83o. Kata kunci—tiltrotor, PID, modus transisi Abstract Tiltrotor is an unmanned aerial vehicle which can take off vertically and fly with full speed. These abilities are supported by actuators, which can change the angle of propellers in transition mode. Without control system in hovering mode and transition mode, it will be difficult to control tiltrotor. The purpose of this research is to design the system which can stabilize the tiltrotor by maintaining oriented angle of tiltrotor’s roll, pitch, and yaw in hovering mode and transition mode using PID controller.PID controller uses negative feedback which is obtained from accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer by using DMP method and Madgwick quaternion to produce the pulse to control the velocity of brushless motor and angle position of servo motor. The result of PID controller is also compared to P controller and PI controller.According to the test, control system in transition mode for roll angle with setpoint 0o is capable to maintain roll angle at average angle 0.48o with standard deviation 1.75o, for pitch angle with setpoint 25o is capable to maintain pitch angle at average angle 25.26o with standard deviation 2.87o, for yaw angle is capable to maintain yaw angle at range 10o to 0o with average angle 3.78o and standard deviation 1.83o. Keywords—tiltrotor, PID, transition mode
Planejamento e gestão espacial da pobreza
Authors: Roy Ananya
Published: January 2017

Texto escrito para palestra proferida no Encontro Nacional da ANPUR (ENAnpur) 2009, realizado em Florianópolis/SC. Tradução de Alicia Duarte Penna.
Planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana: velhas novidades em novos territórios
Authors: Miranda Lívia Izabel Bezerra de
Published: January 2017

Desvendar processos espaciais e possibilidades de planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana é o objetivo deste trabalho. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que, embora essas áreas não tenham sido historicamente o foco central do planejamento urbano, expressam hoje forte convergência de interesses, processos e conflitos socioeconômicos, territoriais e ambientais. Portanto, não é possível promover a ocupação e o uso sustentável e socialmente justo de todo o território municipal, como define o Estatuto da Cidade (Lei nº 10.257/01), se não há descritores técnicos e instrumentos urbanísticos capazes de garantir efetivas possibilidades de planejamento nas áreas de transição rural-urbana. Pôde-se constatar que, apesar dos recentes avanços legais/institucionais no campo da reforma urbana, ainda há muitas limitações no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento dos graves problemas decorrentes do processo histórico de uso e ocupação do território, espraiado, incompleto, especulativo, e o seu consequente planejamento. Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; política urbana; transição urbano-rural. Abstract: To investigate spatial processes and city planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas is the objective in this paper. Was anticipated that even if these areas have not been, historically, centered by urban planning focus, they express, currently, a strong convergence of interests, processes and conflicts on social-economic, territorial and environmental issues. So, it’s not possible to promote a sustainable and socially just occupation and land use of the whole municipality area – as it is defined by the Estatuto da Cidade (“City Statute”, a 2001 Brazilian Federal Law) – if we do not have urban policy instruments that could actually guarantee urban planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas. Was evident that although the recent legal and institutional advances for the Urban Reform ideals in Brazil, it stills many difficulties to face the serious problems that come from an historical process of spread, incomplete and speculative land use and occupation, and its consequent planning issues. Keywords: urban planning; urban policy; urban-rural transition.
Ecoville: construindo uma cidade para poucos
Authors: Polucha Ricardo Serraglio
Published: January 2017

As pesquisas elaboradas para compreender a urbanização desigual em Curitiba enfatizaram o papel do planejamento urbano nesse processo. Entendendo que essa desigualdade é resultado da forma como se dá a valorização da terra e da apropriação diferenciada desta pelas camadas sociais, torna-se necessário compreender como a prática do planejamento urbano se articula a essa dinâmica. Considerando que o avanço dessa discussão deve procurar revelar as causas dessa desigualdade, e não apenas constatar sua existência, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender essa relação a partir da análise de um caso específico: o Ecoville. Originalmente concebido como uma nova frente de expansão urbana que evitaria a ocupação de áreas impróprias na cidade, sua implantação ocorreu de maneira totalmente oposta, produzindo um espaço com baixa densidade populacional voltado para camadas de alta renda. Argumenta-se que o estudo do Ecoville contribui para construir uma explicação sobre a prática do planejamento urbano em Curitiba, porque evidencia as contradições que são produzidas em torno da valorização da terra. Palavras-chave: Ecoville; Curitiba; planejamento urbano; urbanização; valorização da terra. Abstract: In order to understand the uneven urbanization in Curitiba, previous researches have emphasized the role played by urban planning on this process. Believing that this urban inequality results from the manner that land values and ways of occupation by different social classes are established, it urges then to understand the work extent of urban planning on this dynamic. The goal of this article is to move forward the debate on this field by revealing the causes of this inequality, and not only assuming its existence, through the analysis of a specific case study: “Ecoville”. Originally conceived as a new urban front that would avoid settlement at improper areas within the city, its materialisation followed a totally opposed path, producing a low density development only suitable for upper classes. The research of this case study – “Ecoville” – helps to build an explanation of the urban planning practice in Curitiba, as it reveals the contradictions that stir around land values. Keywords: Ecoville; Curitiba; urban planning; urbanization; land valorization.
Quantitative Data Gathering Techniques
Authors: Taheri Babek , Porter Catherine , Valantasis-Kanellos Nikolaos
Published: January 2017

The role of managers and researchers is concerned with analysing and solving problems. These problems come in many forms with common features and often numerical information can be useful for analysis. In order to perform quantitative analyses, we need data. This chapter illustrates how to collect quantitative data: sampling and measurement issues, surveys and experimental research. In this chapter the tools that are needed for collecting quantitative data are introduced. In particular, the key issues that should be related to your research question are a) defining what are your dependent and independent variables b) how to sample your participants and c) how to design appropriate questions to elicit the data you need to answer your research question.
Writing Up Your Research Project
Authors: MacIntosh Robert , Farrington Thomas , Sanders John
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight a few key points about the process of writing up a dissertation or other research project, as distinct from the process of doing the research itself, and offer some advice on writing effectively. Though obviously interrelated, it is worth teasing these two tasks apart since it can make the whole process more productive. The chapter begins with a look at mapping out your writing, before offering suggestions on how to find your focus and maintain it. The chapter then looks at overcoming writer’s block, rewriting and editing, and the use of technology. This is followed by a series of writing tips, before the chapter concludes with some practical advice on the relationship between you and your supervisor.
Quantitative Data Analysis Approaches
Authors: Taheri Babek , Porter Catherine , Konig Christian , Valantasis-Kanellos Nikolaos
Published: January 2017

In order to understand data and present findings in an accurate way, researchers and managers need to develop an awareness of statistical analysis techniques. This chapter focuses on two sets of the most widely used statistical tools – exploring relationships and comparing groups. It also briefly explains the nature of Big Data. This chapter explores the data preparation approach, how to conduct preliminary (descriptive) analysis as well as introducing some of the main statistical techniques used in quantitative research in business management. The key issues that should be related back to your study question are a) how to prepare your data; b) how to conduct preliminary data analysis; c) what analyses are appropriate for comparing groups; d) what techniques are most appropriate for exploring relationships.
Operations Management
Authors: Bititci Umit , Karamperidis Stavros
Published: January 2017

Operations management is the activity of managing products, processes, services and supply chains. By managing these activities, an organization creates and delivers services and products that clients/customers want. Essentially, operations management is responsible for translating and executing an organization’s objectives, policies and strategies into day-to-day operations. In other words, operations management is responsible for delivering the performance objectives of the organization.

In this chapter we present operations management in two parts. The first section provides a detailed account of the development of the field since its inception during the early 1900s through to the modern day. In doing so we introduce various concepts, methods, tools and techniques that are commonly used in operations management. In the second section a more detailed account of key concepts in operations management is provided. Some are covered in greater detail (e.g. process management) and others just introduced but covered in detail in other chapters (e.g. supply chain management).
Employment Law
Authors: McLeod Josh , McLaren Yvonne
Published: January 2017

Employment laws are put in place to protect employees from any mistreatment from their employers, and are a vital part of a country’s efforts to protect its citizens. Some countries are regarded as having very restrictive employment laws whilst others are regarded as more relaxed. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), who analyse and compare employment protections in various countries, the UK, Canada and the USA have the most lenient laws whereas France, Spain and Turkey have the strictest. This chapter will focus on UK employment law, where workers’ rights can be traced back to the 1300s and significant changes are still occurring today. By examining the UK’s history of employment law, the contract of employment, corresponding rights and duties of both the employer and employee and the circumstances in which the contract of employment might come to an end, students will gain a valuable insight into a unique area of UK business law.
Assessment of occlusive disease of lower extremity arteries on the basis of anatomic region: Value of 128-slice multidetector CT angiography in comparison with digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Pangeni Roshan , Han Ping , Pan Feng , Lamsal Laxmi Pangeni , Zhang Zhen , Yu Jie , Rizal Rajiv
Published: January 2017

Background & Objectives: The Previous studies of multidetector CT (MDCT) of the lower extremities for the detection of peripheral vascular disease showed high diagnostic accuracy but were performed with older generation systems. Our study aimed at assessing the diagnostic value of 128 MDCTA compared with that of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the grading of focal arterial disease of lower extremity arteries on the basis of anatomic regions.Materials & Methods: Forty-two patients with peripheral arterial occlusive diseases underwent both MDCTA and DSA. Lower extremity arteries depicted at MDCTA and DSA were graded separately for the degree of stenosis into 3 anatomic regions and 33 segments. Grading by MDCTA and DSA was done independently. Homogeneity analysis was used between MDCTA and DSA measurements in each patient. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detection of stenotic lesions were calculated for all anatomic regions, with findings at DSA used as the reference standard. Results: No statistically significant difference (P>.05) between DSA and MDCTA was present in Aorto-iliac and poplitiofemoral regions while there was statistically significant difference (P<.05) in the infrapopliteal region. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value based on a reading of MDCTA were 84.3%, 93.8%, 89.4% and 90.6% for aorto-iliac 86.6%, 94.7%, 84.1% and 94.7% for poplitiofemoral and 95.7%, 86.1%, 85.6% and 95.9% for infra-popliteal region respectively.Conclusion: MDCTA is excellent alternative in diagnosing lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases above the knee. DSA remains better on illustrating distal runoff vessels.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of nursing students regarding hand hygiene in Western region of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Ishwari Sharma , Ghosh Vivek , Adhikari Purushottam
Published: January 2017

Background & Objectives: Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are thought to be transmitted by the hands of health care workers (HCWs). Reducing HAIs requires that HCWs take responsibility for ensuring that hand hygiene becomes an everyday part of patient care. This study was conducted with objectives of assessing the level of Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding hand hygiene among nursing students in the Western Region of Nepal.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students posted in different wards of two hospitals of Pokhara. A self administered questionnaire containing different set of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice on hand hygiene were used for data collection. Results: A total of 99% of the participants reported that they were acquainted with the WHO recommended steps of hand washing. The knowledge on hand hygiene was moderate (84%) among the total study population. Knowledge regarding the minimum time needed for alcohol based hand rub (20 sec) was known correctly by only 24% of the participants. A total of 90% of the participants had positive attitude towards hand-hygiene. A total of 29% of the correspondents believed that they had not been properly instructed in hand hygiene during their practice, 56% of the participants exhibited good practice regarding hand hygiene and 91% realized that the presence of an infection prevention team would have positive influences on their hand hygiene practices.Conclusion: Moderate knowledge among majority of the nursing students reflected upon their positive attitude and practice regarding hand hygiene among them. Essentially, most of the nursing students considered hand hygiene as an essential part of their role. Improvement of accessibility to hand hygiene facilities would play an important role to improve the compliance to hand-hygiene in current practice.