bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between the 24-hour movement guidelines and executive function among Chinese children
Authors: Zeng Xia , Cai Li , Yang Wenhan , Tan Weiqing , Huang Wendy , Chen Yajun
Published: May 2022

Objective

Childhood is a critical period for brain development. However, it remains unknown whether the behaviors in a typical 24-h day are related to children’s executive function (EF). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the 24-h movement guidelines and children’s EF.

Method

Children aged 7–12 years (n = 376) were studied in 2017 in China. Physical activity (PA) was accelerometer-derived, while screen time (ST) and sleep duration were self-reported. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as: 1) ≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA; 2) ≤ 2 h/day of recreational ST; 3) 9–11 h/night of sleep. EF was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Number of completed categories (CC), shifting efficiency (SE), non-perseverative errors (NPE), and failure to maintain set (FMS) were used to measure four processes of EF, respectively represented global performance, cognitive flexibility, efficiency in rule discovery, and sustained attention. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were completed to explore the associations of meeting the PA, ST, and sleep duration recommendations with four processes of EF.

Results

Statistically significant positive associations were observed between the number of guidelines met, regarded as a continuous variable, with CC [β = 0.343 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.125, 0.561)] and SE [β = 4.028 (95% CI: 0.328, 7.727)], while number of guidelines met negatively related to NPE [β =  − 4.377 (95% CI:-7.952,-0.802)]. Participants not meeting the two recommendations for PA and sleep duration had lower scores in CC [β = -0.636(95% CI:-1.125,-0.147)] and SE [β = -10.610 (95% CI:-18.794,-2.425)] compared with those meeting the two, suggesting inferior global performance and worse efficiency in rule discovery. However, ST recommendation had no significant association with any processes of EF.

Conclusion

Meeting more recommendations of the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with superior EF in children. Specifically, more PA and healthy sleep duration should be encouraged to promote children’s EF.
Long-term effectiveness of a disease management program to prevent diabetic nephropathy: a propensity score matching analysis using administrative data in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Hirohito , Anezaki Hisataka , Kazawa Kana , Tamaki Yuya , Hashimoto Hideki , Moriyama Michiko
Published: May 2022

Background

Existing reviews indicated that disease management for patients with diabetes may be effective in achieving better health outcomes with less resource utilization in the short term. However, the long-term results were inconsistent because of the heterogeneous nature of the study designs. In the present study, we evaluated the 5-year follow-up results of a local disease management program focused on diabetic nephropathy prevention under the universal public health insurance scheme in Japan.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who had stage 3 or 4 diabetic kidney disease and were aged between 20 and 75 years were invited to join a disease management program to support self-management and receive a recommended treatment protocol between 2011 and 2013. Follow-up data were collected from an electronic claims database for the public insurance scheme. Considering the non-random selection process, we prepared two control groups matched by estimated propensity scores to compare the incidence of diabetes-related complications, death, and resource utilization.

Results

The treatment group was more likely to receive clinical management in accordance with the guideline-recommended medication. After propensity score matching, the treatment group had lower incidence of diabetic nephropathy and emergency care use than the control group selected from a beneficiary pool mainly under primary care. Comparisons between the treatment group and the control group with more selected clinical conditions did not show differences in the incidence rate and resource utilization.

Conclusions

The present results demonstrated limited effectiveness of the program for reducing complication incidence and resource utilization during the 5-year follow-up. Further research on the long-term effectiveness of co-management by primary care physicians, subspecialists in endocrinology and nephrology, and nurse educators is required for effective management of diabetes-related nephropathy.
Association of PCSK9 with inflammation and platelet activation markers and recurrent cardiovascular risks in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with or without diabetes
Authors: Song Li , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Chen Runzhen , Li Jiannan , Zhou Jinying , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Wang Ying , Chen Yi , Zhao Hanjun , Yan Hongbing
Published: May 2022

Background

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular outcomes in stable coronary artery disease with diabetes. We aimed to assess the relationship between PCSK9 and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with or without diabetes, as well as the relationships between PCSK9 and metabolism, inflammation and platelet activation markers.

Methods

A total of 1027 patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and without prior lipid-lowering therapy were consecutively enrolled and the baseline plasma PCSK9 levels were determined by ELISA. Patients were divided into high and low PCSK9 groups according to PCSK9 median. All patients were followed up for the occurrence of MACEs. The associations of PCSK9 with metabolism, inflammation and platelet activation markers and MACEs were evaluated.

Results

PCSK9 levels were positively correlated with triglycerides, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand and soluble P-selectin levels, and the correlations were stronger in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients. In diabetic patients receiving ticagrelor, PCSK9 levels were positively correlated with maximal platelet aggregation measured by light transmittance aggregometry and maximum amplitude of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet-fibrin clots measured by thrombelastography in the maintenance phase of treatment, whereas no correlations were found in non-diabetic patients. During a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 155 (15.1%) MACEs occurred. The Kaplan–Meier analysis displayed that the patients with high PCSK9 levels had lower event-free survival rate than those with low PCSK9 levels (P = 0.030). When participants were categorized into 4 subgroups according to PCSK9 levels and diabetes status, high PCSK9 levels plus diabetes subgroup had the lowest cumulative event-free survival rate (P = 0.043). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that high PCSK9 levels were independently associated with MACEs in diabetic patients (hazard ratio 2.283, 95% confidence interval: 1.094–4.764, P = 0.028), but not in the whole cohort or non-diabetic patients.

Conclusions

The study showed that high PCSK9 levels were independently associated with MACEs in STEMI patients with diabetes undergoing primary PCI, and the association may be due to stronger correlations of PCSK9 with inflammation and platelet activation markers in diabetic patients.
Heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with a Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kouhsari Ebrahim , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Khadiv Arezoo , Sayadi Hojjat , Amiriani Taghi , Ghafourian Sobhan , Valadbeigi Hassan , Krutova Marcela
Published: May 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori can lead to treatment failure. Importantly, several studies have reported on heteroresistance, i.e. the presence of resistant and susceptible H. pylori populations in the same sample and/or a difference in the susceptibility patterns between biopsy samples. This meta-analysis aims to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence of metronidazole and clarithromycin heteroresistance and the approaches to their detection.

Material and methods

A systematic review was performed after the search of MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. The study outcomes were the weighted pooled prevalence of heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in H. pylori positive samples and/or isolates with a subanalysis by continent.

Results

A total of 22 studies that had investigated 3852 H. pylori positive patients were included in the meta-analysis. Heteroresistance to clarithromycin was reported in 20 studies, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 6.8% (95% CI 5.1–8.6; 3654 H. pylori positive patients; the substantial heterogeneity I2 = 55.6%). Heteroresistance to metronidazole was reported in 12 studies, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 13.8% (95% CI 8.9–18.6; 1670 H. pylori positive patients; the substantial heterogeneity I2 = 60.9%). The weighted pooled prevalence of clarithromycin heteroresistance was similar in Asia and Europe (p = 0.174584), however, metronidazole heteroresistance was detected more often in Europe (p < 0.00001). Clarithromycin heteroresistance was detected more often by phenotype rather than by using genotyping methods (12 vs 8 studies), whereas heteroresistance to metronidazole was detected only by phenotype.

Conclusion

The prevalence of heteroresistance to clarithromycin and/or metronidazole is not negligible and can be detected in approximately 7 and 14% of H. pylori positive samples, respectively. These findings highlight the need to raise the awareness of gastroenterologists and microbiologists to the heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with a H. pylori infection.
Detection of carbapenemases blaOXA48-blaKPC-blaNDM-blaVIM and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase blaOXA1-blaSHV-blaTEM genes in Gram-negative bacterial isolates from ICU burns patients
Authors: Haider Muhammad Hayat , McHugh Timothy D. , Roulston Kerry , Arruda Liã Bárbara , Sadouki Zahra , Riaz Saba
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives

Burn patients are highly susceptible to invasion by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) through post-burn damage. The prevalence of MDR-GNB isolated from burns patients has increased dramatically in the last decade, representing a serious risk to patients admitted to burns units worldwide. The challenges of managing infected burns patients are exacerbated in poor resource settings. This study was designed to develop a pathway for the rapid diagnosis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections and identify the bacterial genes including blaOXA1, blaTEM, and blaSHV encoding ESBLs and blaOXA48, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaVIM encoding carbapenemases from the patient of post burns infection. 

Methods

Clinical isolates were collected (August 2017 to August 2018) from Intensive care unit (ICU) of Burn Centre. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of ESBLs and carbapenemases was performed by disk diffusion, double disk synergy test (DDST), combination disk test (CDT), and Imipenem + EDTA combined disk test (IMP + EDTA CDT). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection was performed for ESBLs blaOXA1-blaSHV-blaTEM and carbapenemases genes blaOXA48-blaKPC-blaNDM-blaVIM

Results

In total, of 170 Gram-negative isolates, 104 (61.2%) were confirmed as multidrug-resistant (MDR); Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most prevalent 43/104 (41.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 17/104 (16.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii12/104 (11.5%), and 6/104 Proteus mirabilis (5.8%). All isolates (100%) were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, while the meropenem resistance was 58.7%. ESBL and carbapenemase genotypes were found to be associated with higher MAR index (0.65–0.88) and MIC (> 32 µg/ml) values P. aeruginosa was the major ESBL and carbapenemase producer as determined by phenotypic testing and PCR. blaTEM positive isolates among ESBLs producers were predominant 81.8% (27/33), followed by 27.3% blaOXA1 and blaSHV, respectively. blaVIM positive isolates among carbapenemase producers were predominant 47.7% (21/44), followed by 27.3% blaKPC, 20.5% blaOXA48, and 11.4% blaNDM positive isolates.

Conclusions

The predominant organism causing burn infections was ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There are only limited effective antibiotics against such strains. blaVIM and blaTEM individually and in co-existence with blaKPC, blaOXA48, blaSHV, and blaOXA1 confer antimicrobial resistance in burns patients. Rapid detection of ESBL and carbapenemase genes will inform treatment strategies improving the outcome for post-burn patients in ICU.
Right top pulmonary vein is a venous anomaly of which surgeons should be aware in subcarinal dissection for thoracoscopic esophagectomy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sato Yuta , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Ohno Shinya , Endo Masahide , Okumura Naoki , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Takahashi Takao , Saiki Takuya , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: May 2022

Background

A right top pulmonary vein (RTPV) that crosses behind the right main or intermediate bronchus is a variation of the superior posterior pulmonary vein in the right upper lobe. Damage or ligation of this abnormal vessel can lead to massive intraoperative bleeding and serious complications, such as congestion of the posterior segment of the right upper lobe and cardiac tamponade. Subcarinal lymph node dissection is mandatory in radical thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, and the RTPV is an anomalous vessel of which thoracic surgeons should be aware.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (T3N1M0). An anomaly of the superior posterior pulmonary vein in the right lobe was recognized on preoperative computed tomography imaging. With simulation and intraoperative navigation using three-dimensional imaging of the same view as that observed during the operation, radical subcarinal dissection could be performed with preservation of the RTPV.

Conclusion

In our review of the relevant literature, the incidence of RTPV ranged from 0.28 to 9.3%, and its mean vascular diameter was 7.0 mm at the maximum and 2.2 ± 0.72 mm at the minimum, with the right superior pulmonary vein being a relatively common inflow site. Our case in which the RTPV ran dorsal to the right main bronchus is very rare. In radical subcarinal dissection of thoracoscopic esophagectomy, it is important to recognize the posterior pericardial plane and release the ventral fixation of these lymph nodes to free space for the back side. This is also true in the case of RTPV, which should be noted to avoid injury. In cases involving an RTPV larger than 4.5 mm, ligation should be avoided, and preoperative recognition of the exact run of this abnormal vessel using three-dimensional imaging can be very useful.
The significance of widely split P waves: a case report
Authors: Chen Marianne C. , Brodsky Jay B.
Published: May 2022

Background

P wave morphology on electrocardiogram is often overlooked but indicates abnormal cardiac conduction from various etiologies. Split P waves on electrocardiogram have been reported previously but not in a perioperative setting.

Case presentation

A 69-year-old Caucasian male patient with widely split P waves on his preoperative electrocardiogram was scheduled for a reimplantation right total hip replacement under a combined spinal–general anesthetic technique. The patient was evaluated prior to surgery by a cardiologist and the preoperative anesthesia clinic without any comment on the abnormal P wave morphology on electrocardiogram. The patient was cleared to proceed with anesthesia and surgery. Following induction of general anesthesia, his cardiac rhythm changed to a Mobitz type II pattern. The surgical procedure was cancelled, and a permanent cardiac pacemaker was inserted.

Conclusions

Anesthesiologists should be aware that the presence of widely split P waves on electrocardiogram indicates the presence of atrial conduction abnormalities, likely from an ischemic or infiltrative process that can lead to more serious cardiac arrhythmias. P wave morphology should be observed and noted during the perioperative period for all patients.
Development of evidence-informed bridge programming to support an increased need for eating disorder services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bruett Lindsey D. , Forsberg Sarah , Accurso Erin C. , Gorrell Sasha , Hail Lisa , Keyser Jessica , Le Grange Daniel , Huryk Kathryn M.
Published: May 2022

Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of eating disorders have increased, further straining systems of care that were already overburdened. The current paper describes novel interventions, largely informed by Family-Based Treatment (FBT), that were implemented by a tertiary specialist adolescent eating disorders service. In response to the pandemic, programming was designed to bridge access to care while waiting for availability of evidence-based therapy. The Brief Psychology Consultation Clinic provides several sessions to patients and families, focused on psychoeducation and problem-solving informed by FBT and other evidence-based therapies. Two groups, the FBT Caregiver Workshop Series and FBT Caregiver Support Group, provide psychoeducation and support for caregivers of youth with eating disorders. Perceived strengths and benefits of these services, as well as barriers to implementation and future research directions are discussed.
Two cases of obturator hernia in patients undergoing hemodialysis: case report and literature review
Authors: Yamaguchi Kosei , Kitamura Mineaki , Hashiguchi Junichiroh , Harada Takashi , Funakoshi Satoshi , Eguchi Susumu , Mukae Hiroshi , Nishino Tomoya
Published: May 2022

Background

Obturator hernia (OH) is an extremely rare abdominal wall hernia with risk factors including aging, female sex, emaciation, and increased abdominal pressure. Its symptoms are nonspecific, and diagnosis is often delayed; however, this delay can lead to a fatal course. Therefore, early diagnosis and surgical intervention are necessary to reduce the mortality rate associated with OH. Considering the risk factors for OH, patients currently undergoing hemodialysis (HD) may be particularly vulnerable to OH. Here, we report two cases of OH in patients undergoing HD along with a review of the relevant literature.

Case presentation

Case 1 included a 76-year-old female undergoing HD due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. She was hospitalized for upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. On the day of hospitalization, she was diagnosed with OH using computed tomography and underwent emergency surgery. Case 2 included a 90-year-old emaciated female who was admitted to our hospital for projectile vomiting while undergoing HD. She was diagnosed with OH and shock, but surgery was not performed due to shock. Nonetheless, her blood pressure gradually increased, and she completely recovered. Spontaneous reduction in OH was confirmed on the third day of hospitalization. Both patients recovered well.

Conclusions

The symptoms of OH are non-specific, and certain symptoms such as vomiting and anorexia are often overlooked because they are common in patients undergoing HD. It is important to include OH in the differential diagnosis of digestive organ symptoms in patients undergoing HD, especially in those with risk factors for OH, such as elderly female patients on HD due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Cognitive impairment in paediatric onset multiple sclerosis and its relation to thalamic volume and cortical thickness of temporal lobe by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ahmed Nahed S. , AbdAllah Mona A. , Nassef Ayman M. , Mohamed Alaa Eldeen A. , Nada Maha A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), defined as an age at onset younger than 18 years, which occurs in 5% of patients with MS. cognitive dysfunction is one of the prominent disabling sequelae of Multiple sclerosis. Brain volumetric studies by magnetic resonance images revealed the decline of whole and regional brain volumes along the disease course. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment in pediatric MS patients with thalamic atrophy and cortical thickness of temporal lobe. This study included 50 patients who were diagnosed as POMS and 50 healthy control participants matched for age and sex. Both groups were compared for volumetric measurements of thalamic volumes and temporal lobes cortical thickness using a computerized program called FreeSurfer.MS group was evaluated for cognitive dysfunction using Arabic version of fifth edition of Standford–Benit test. A correlation between volumetric results and neuropsychological evaluation of MS group was done.

Results

Our study showed that the MS group has the lowest value regarding their thalamic volumes and their cortical thickness of temporal lobes in relation to the healthy control group, while there was a significant relation between cognitive impairment and decrease in thalamic volume and specific areas in cortical thickness, such as superior temporal thickness, middle temporal thickness, inferior temporal thickness, fusiform thickness and para hippocampal thickness of temporal lobe in pediatric onset MS patients.

Conclusions

POMS affects specific brain areas such as thalamus and cortical thickness of temporal lobes regarding their volume and thickness which influence the neuropsychological evaluation detected by Standford–Benit test.
Diagnostic value of three-dimensional cube fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging and its axial MIP reconstruction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zamzam Alaa Elsayed Abdelkader , Aboukhadrah Rania Sobhy , Khali Mohammed Mohammed , Khodair Sameh Ahmed Zaki
Published: May 2022

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging is regarded as one of the most important markers for multiple sclerosis. It can detect lesions in order to establish dissemination in time and space, which would aid in the diagnosis. Two-dimensional FLAIR is a standard sequence in MS routine imaging because it suppresses cerebrospinal fluid signal, increasing contrast between lesions and CSF and improving white matter lesion detection. Newer 3D FLAIR sequences are expected to offer even more benefits, such as improved MS lesions detection and higher resolution due to thinner slice thickness. We aimed to compare the role of 3D Cube FLAIR imaging (versus standard 2D FLAIR) in the assessment of white matter lesions in MS patients, as well as to test the convenience of using maximum intensity projection (MIP) on 3D FLAIR images for faster and easier evaluation.

Results

This study included 160 MS patients. A 1.5 T routine brain MRI scan was performed, which included a 2D FLAIR sequence, followed by a 3D-FLAIR sequence. All images were analyzed after 3D-FLAIR images were reformatted into axial MIP images. Lesions were counted in each sequence and classified into supra-tentorial (periventricular, deep white matter, and juxta-cortical), and infra-tentorial lesions, with the relative comparison of lesions numbers on 3D-FLAIR and MIP versus 2D-FLAIR expressed as a percentage increase or decrease. 3D FLAIR can significantly improve MS lesion detection in all areas of the brain when compared with 2D FLAIR results. At 2 mm reformatting, there is no difference in MS lesion detection between sagittal 3D FLAIR and axial MIP reconstruction, implying that the MIP algorithm can be used to simplify lesion detection by reducing the number of images while maintaining the same level of reliability.

Conclusion

3D FLAIR sequences should be added to conventional 2D FLAIR sequences in the MRI protocol when MS is suspected.
Disaggregation of Asian American and Pacific Islander Women With Stage 0-II Breast Cancer Unmasks Disparities in Survival and Surgery-to-Radiation Intervals: A National Cancer Database Analysis From 2004 to 2017
Authors: Taparra Kekoa , Dee Edward Christopher , Dao Dyda , Patel Rohan , Santos Patricia , Chino Fumiko
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:

Aggregation of Asian Americans (AAs) with Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) masks significant health disparities. We evaluated overall survival (OS) and surgery-to-radiation intervals (STRIs) among AA and NHPI women with early-stage breast cancer.

METHODS:

This National Cancer Database study included women with stage 0-II breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2017. STRI was defined as days from surgery to radiation. Patients were stratified by adjuvant treatment. AAs were disaggregated into geographically relevant subpopulations: East, South, and Southeast Asians. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests assessed survival. Cox proportional hazard and linear regression were adjusted for clinical and sociodemographic factors.

RESULTS:

In total, 578,927 women were included (median age 61 years, median follow-up 65 months, and 10-year OS 83%). AA and NHPI 10-year OS was 91% overall; subpopulation 10-year OS was 92% for East Asian, 90% for South Asian, 90% for Southeast Asian, and 83% for NHPI. On multivariable analysis, compared with non-Hispanic White, NHPI women had worse survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.77); all AA subpopulations had improved survival: East Asian (aHR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.69), South Asian (aHR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.84), and Southeast Asian (aHR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94). The AA and NHPI median STRI for was 73 days overall; the disaggregated median STRI was 68 days for East Asian, 80 days for South Asian, 77 days for Southeast Asians, and 81 days for NHPI. On adjusted analysis, compared with non-Hispanic White, Southeast Asians and NHPI had longer STRI by 6.6 (95% CI, 4.3 to 8.9) and 10.0 (95% CI, 5.8 to 14) days, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Breast cancer disparities exist among disaggregated AA and NHPI subpopulations. Data disaggregation insights may lead to interventions to overcome these disparities, such as optimizing time-to-treatment for select populations.
Oxidative Stability in Lipid Formulations: a Review of the Mechanisms, Drivers, and Inhibitors of Oxidation
Authors: Musakhanian Jasmine , Rodier Jean-David , Dave Masumi
Published: May 2022

The importance of lipid-based formulations in addressing solubility and ultimately the bioavailability issues of the emerging drug entities is undeniable. Yet, there is scarcity of literature on lipid excipient chemistry and performance, notably in relation to oxidative stability. While not all lipid excipients are prone to oxidation, those with sensitive moieties offer drug delivery solutions that outweigh the manageable oxidative challenges they may present. For example, caprylocaproyl polyoxylglycerides help solubilize and deliver cancer drug to patients, lauroyl polyoxylglycerides enhance the delivery of cholesterol lowering drug, and sesame/soybean oils are critical part of parenteral nutrition. Ironically, excipients with far greater oxidative propensity are omnipresent in pharmaceutical products, a testament to the manageability of oxidative challenges in drug development. Successful formulation development requires awareness of what, where, and how formulation stability may be impacted, and accordingly taking appropriate steps to circumvent or meet the challenges ahead. Aiming to fill the information gap from a drug delivery scientist perspective, this review discusses oxidation pathways, prooxidants, antioxidants, and their complex interplay, which can paradoxically take opposite directions depending on the drug delivery system.
Interrogating the “Literary” in Spatial Studies
Authors: Das Chhandita , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: May 2022

This interview with Robert T. Tally Jr. interrogates the contested area of interdisciplinarity in spatial studies by reemphasizing the complex disciplinary foray of literature intersecting with it. The conversation also touches on the cartographic function of literary texts pertaining to world literature, the genre of Utopia, and beyond. Furthermore, it also engages in a highly stimulating discussion on the postcolonial possibilities of literary “mapping” practices and the transdisciplinary scope of spatial literary studies.
Randomized Trial Comparing Burr Hole Craniostomy, Minicraniotomy, and Twist Drill Craniostomy for Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Duerinck Johnny , Van Der Veken Jorn , Schuind Sophie , Van Calenbergh Frank , van Loon Johannes , Du Four Stephanie , Debacker Servaes , Costa Emmanuel , Raftopoulos Christian , De Witte Olivier , Cools Wilfried , Buyl Ronald , Van Velthoven Vera , D'Haens Jean , Bruneau Michaël
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

The mainstay of treatment for symptomatic or large chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is surgery, but controversy still exists regarding the best surgical technique. Three different techniques are commonly used: burr hole craniostomy (BHC), minicraniotomy (MC), and twist drill craniostomy (TDC).

OBJECTIVE:

To determine which surgical technique for drainage of CSDH offers best results.

METHODS:

We set up a multicenter prospective randomized trial (Comparison of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Treatment [COMPACT] trial) comparing BHC, MC, and TDC for the surgical treatment of CSDH. The primary end point was reoperation rate, and secondary end points included complication rates and clinical outcome. Patients were considered to have good outcome when they did not undergo reoperation, suffered no surgical or medical complication, and had no related mortality. Clinical outcome was also evaluated by evolution of the Markwalder score and the modified Rankin score.

RESULTS:

Two-hundred forty-five patients were included in the final analysis: 79 BHC, 84 MC, and 82 TDC. Mean duration of surgery was shorter for TDC than for BHC and MC (P < .001). Reoperation rate was 7.6% for BHC, 13.1% for MC, and 19.5% for TDC (P = .07). This trend toward better results for BHC was not statistically significant in logistic regression analysis. The proportion of patients with good outcome was 78.5% for BHC group, 76.2% for MC, and 69.5% for TDC (P = .4). Evolution of the Markwalder score and modified Rankin score were not significantly different between treatment groups.

CONCLUSION:

All 3 techniques are effective at treating patients with CSDH with eventual 6-month outcome being similar. Although not reaching statistical significance in our study, BHC offers the lowest recurrence rate combined with manageable complication rate.
The role of artificial intelligence in plain chest radiographs interpretation during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: AlNuaimi Dana , AlKetbi Reem
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the future development of all healthcare sectors ranging from clinical assistance of physicians by providing accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment to the development of vaccinations and aiding in the combat against the Covid-19 global pandemic. AI has an important role in diagnostic radiology where the algorithms can be trained by large datasets to accurately provide a timely diagnosis of the radiological images given. This has led to the development of several AI algorithms that can be used in regions of scarcity of radiologists during the current pandemic by simply denoting the presence or absence of Covid-19 pneumonia in PCR positive patients on plain chest radiographs as well as in helping to levitate the over-burdened radiology departments by accelerating the time for report delivery. Plain chest radiography is the most common radiological study in the emergency department setting and is readily available, fast and a cheap method that can be used in triaging patients as well as being portable in the medical wards and can be used as the initial radiological examination in Covid-19 positive patients to detect pneumonic changes. Numerous studies have been done comparing several AI algorithms to that of experienced thoracic radiologists in plain chest radiograph reports measuring accuracy of each in Covid-19 patients. The majority of studies have reported performance equal or higher to that of the well-experienced thoracic radiologist in predicting the presence or absence of Covid-19 pneumonic changes in the provided chest radiographs.
Κοινωνικά μέσα και πολιτική επικοινωνία σε περιόδους κρίσης
Authors: Γιολτζίδου Γεωργία
Published: May 2022

Στόχος της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η σκιαγράφηση του ρόλου των Κοινωνικών Μέσων στην πολιτική επικοινωνία, στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας. Συγκεκριμένα, η παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί μια συγκριτική έρευνα του τρόπου με τον οποίο οι τρεις πυλώνες της πολιτικής επικοινωνίας, δηλαδή οι πολίτες, οι δημοσιογράφοι και οι πολιτικοί, επικοινωνούν μέσω του Twitter σε περιόδους κρίσης. Η συλλογιστική της διατριβής εντάσσεται στην επιστημονική συζήτηση σχετικά με τον ρόλο των Κοινωνικών Μέσων ως εργαλεία πολιτικής επικοινωνίας. Ωστόσο, σε αντίθεση με τις περισσότερες σχετικές έρευνες, προσεγγίζει το φαινόμενο της επικοινωνίας μέσω Twitter κυρίως με ποιοτικές μεθόδους και σε βάθος χρόνου. Η διατριβή χωρίζεται στο θεωρητικό και το εμπειρικό μέρος. Βάση της θεωρητικής μελέτης αποτελεί η θεωρία που ανέπτυξε ο Ισπανός κοινωνιολόγος Manuel Castells για τη σχέση του διαδικτύου με την κοινωνία, καθώς και η θεωρητική προσπάθεια του Chadwick να κατανοήσει το νέο οικοσύστημα που δημιουργείται, ως μια υβριδική μορφή του συστήματος των ΜΜΕ. Το θεωρητικό μέρος ολοκληρώνεται με την επισκόπηση της πρόσφατης ερευνητικής δραστηριότητας στο αντικείμενο της διατριβής. Στο εμπειρικό μέρος, παρουσιάζονται τα ερευνητικά αποτελέσματα που προκύπτουν από τη μελέτη δέκα διαφορετικών περίοδων κρίσης και συσχετίζονται με τα ευρήματα από 15 συνεντεύξεις εις βάθος πρωταγωνιστών της πολιτικής επικοινωνίας, με στόχο την εξαγωγή ασφαλών και πληρέστερων συμπερασμάτων. Το ερευνητικό αντικείμενο είναι καινοτόμο καθώς έως και σήμερα, δεν έχει διεξαχθεί για την περίπτωση της Ελλάδας μελέτη, που να συγκρίνει το περιεχόμενο του Twitter σε διαφορετικές περιόδους κρίσης. Επιπλέον, επιχειρεί να αποτελέσει την πρώτη έρευνα στην Ελλάδα, που προσεγγίζει το φαινόμενο της επικοινωνίας μέσω Twitter κυρίως με ποιοτικές μεθόδους και σε βάθος χρόνου.
Social Sharing, Public Perception, and Brand Competition in a Horizontally Differentiated Market
Authors: Gu Zheyin (Jane) , Li Xinxin
Published: May 2022

We examine how social sharing of consumers’ brand purchases (via posting selfies on social media platforms) affects brand competition in a market where different types of consumers, characterized by their distinct personal characteristics (i.e., personalities, hobbies, and lifestyles) and brand preferences (i.e., being loyal to one of two horizontally differentiated brands or neither), all desire accurate public perception of their true type. Our analysis shows that social sharing enhances the profit of the advantaged brand that attracts a larger size of loyal consumers but can hurt the profit of the disadvantaged brand that attracts a smaller size of loyal consumers. That is, in a horizontally differentiated market, social sharing may further strengthen the competitive status of the advantaged brand. Interestingly, the disadvantaged brand may become more likely to suffer from social sharing if it follows the conventional wisdom to expand the loyal segment. When the public can learn a consumer’s true type from other information sources (e.g., the consumer’s online blog), social sharing of consumers’ brand purchases brings a smaller profit gain to the advantaged brand. Our theoretical findings shed light on how brands can devise competitive strategies to leverage the power of social media.
Optimal Matchmaking Strategy in Two-Sided Marketplaces
Authors: Shi Peng
Published: May 2022

Online platforms that match customers with suitable service providers utilize a wide variety of matchmaking strategies; some create a searchable directory of one side of the market (i.e., Airbnb, Google Local Finder), some allow both sides of the market to search and initiate contact (i.e., Care.com, Upwork), and others implement centralized matching (i.e., Amazon Home Services, TaskRabbit). This paper compares these strategies in terms of their efficiency of matchmaking as proxied by the amount of communication needed to facilitate a good market outcome. The paper finds that the relative performance of these matchmaking strategies is driven by whether the preferences of agents on each side of the market are easy to describe. Here, “easy to describe” means that the preferences can be inferred with sufficient accuracy based on responses to standardized questionnaires. For markets with suitable characteristics, each of these matchmaking strategies can provide near-optimal performance guarantees according to an analysis based on information theory. The analysis provides prescriptive insights for online platforms.

This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4444 .
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Rank-One-Generated Cones
Authors: Argue C. J. , Kılınç-Karzan Fatma , Wang Alex L.
Published: May 2022

A closed convex conic subset [Formula: see text] of the positive semidefinite (PSD) cone is rank-one generated (ROG) if all of its extreme rays are generated by rank-one matrices. The ROG property of [Formula: see text] is closely related to the exactness of semidefinite program (SDP) relaxations of nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs) related to [Formula: see text]. We consider the case where [Formula: see text] is obtained as the intersection of the PSD cone with finitely many homogeneous linear matrix inequalities and conic constraints and identify sufficient conditions that guarantee that [Formula: see text] is ROG. Our general framework allows us to recover a number of well-known results from the literature. In the case of two linear matrix inequalities, we also establish the necessity of our sufficient conditions. This extends one of the few settings from the literature—the case of one linear matrix inequality and the S-lemma—where an explicit characterization for the ROG property exists. Finally, we show how our ROG results on cones can be translated into inhomogeneous SDP exactness results and convex hull descriptions in the original space of a QCQP. We close with a few applications of these results; specifically, we recover the well-known perspective reformulation of a simple mixed-binary set via the ROG toolkit.

Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-19-1-2321] with the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant CMMI-1454548] and Frank A. and Helen E. Risch Faculty Development Chair. Part of this work was done while the second author was visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, which was partially supported by the DIMACS/Simons Collaboration on Bridging Continuous and Discrete Optimization through the NSF Division of Computing and Communication Foundations [Grant CCF-1740425].
EDUKASI ASI DAN MPASI PADA IBU BALITA DI PEDUKUHAN DAYAKAN, DESA DADAPAYU, KECAMATAN SEMANU
Authors: Sofiana Liena , Sabrina Nurul Karina , Aprilia Putri Siska , Kusumaningrum Diana Maisyaroh
Published: May 2022

Prevalensi balita pendek di DIY pada tahun 2017 sebesar 13,86% turun menjadi 12,37% pada tahun 2018. Prevalensi balita pendek tertinggi adalah Kabupaten Gunungkidul yaitu sebesar 18,47%. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut adalah pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) yang tidak tepat dan penyapihan terlalu dini, sehingga pemberian edukasi bagi ibu mengenai ASI dan MPASI menjadi hal pokok untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam mempraktikkan pemberian ASI dan MPASI bagi bayi dan balita. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan menggunakan metode ceramah dan praktik secara langsung mengenai pemberian ASI dan MPASI, dengan sasaran adalah ibu yang memiliki balita di pedukuhan Dayakan. Hasil kegiatan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah ibu balita memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai ASI dan MPASI sesuai dengan usia balitanya setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan praktik, kegiatan ini berjalan dengan lancar dibuktikan dengan para ibu mendiskusikan dan menjawab pertanyaan yang diutarakan selama pemberian edukasi ini.
EDUKASI ALAT KONTRASEPSI GUNA MENINGKATKAN KEIKUTSERTAAN KELUARGA BERENCANA DI DUSUN MODALAN KECAMATAN BANGUNTAPAN BANTUL D.I YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Utami Fitriana Putri , Puspita Lukyana Dinar , Dania Ninda Mira , Astuti Wulida Andri , Nida Najwa Hasna , Nuhra Sitti
Published: May 2022

Keluarga Berencana merupakan upaya pelayanan preventif yang paling mendasar untuk mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu. Banyak PUS mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan pilihan jenis kontrasepsi. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh ketidaktahuan mereka untuk menentukan pilihan yang tepat sesuai dengan usia, jumlah anak, dan juga efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Pendataan yang telah dilakukan pada 247 Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) di Dusun Modalan tepatnya RT 1-4 diketahui bahwa permasalahan terkait kesehatan reproduksi terbesar yaitu ketidakikutsertaan PUS pada program KB yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya pengetahuan mengenai KB. Metode pelatihan yang dilaksanakan adalah pemberian materi edukasi mengenai metode kontrasepsi tradisonal, modern jangka pendek, dan modern jangka panjang. Metode yang digunakan berupa presentasi disertai diskusi tanya jawab. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama dua hari yaitu tanggal 22-23 Februari 2020 total selama 150 menit. Kegiatan melibatkan peserta wanita usia subur dari PKK Apsari Dusun Modalan, Kecamatan Banguntapan, Bantul, D.I Yogyakarta. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta terkait alat kontrasepsi. Terlihat dari kemampuan peserta dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang dilontarkan fasilitator pada setiap sesi. Dalam kegiatan ini terlihat para peserta antusias dalam bertanya tentang materi yang disampaikan serta menceritakan pengalaman mereka dalam menggunakan alat kontrasepsi.
EDUKASI PHBS DAN GERMAS SEBAGAI UPAYA DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT LEPTOSPIROSIS
Authors: Isni Khoiriyah , Wardhani Melati Kusuma , Ernia Febri , Dianty Shabrina Amalia
Published: May 2022

International Leptospirosis Society menyatakan bahwa Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki insiden leptospirosis tertinggi. Kasus leptospirosis terjadi di daerah Gunungkidul selama lima tahun berturut-turut. Pada awal tahun 2019 terdapat 2 kasus leptospirosis, terdapat satu orang yang mengalami keterlambatan dalam memperoleh tindakan medis yang pada akhirnya meninggal dunia. Penyakit leptospirosis sudah sering terjadi namun masih banyak warga yang kurang memperhatikan gejala dan faktor-faktor resiko terjadinya penyakit ini. Program kerja ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahua dan kesadaran masyarakat terkait dengan upaya pencegahan penyakit leptospirosis, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), serta Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (Germas). Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat yang digunakan adalah pemberian edukasi terkait dengan penyakit leptospirosis dan GERMAS (Gerakan Masyarakat Sehat), tanya jawab, dan studi kasus. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama satu bulan dengan melibatkan warga dari tiga dusun di Kelurahan Mertelu, Kecamatan Gedangsari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Secara umum, dalam kegiatan ini warga sangat berpartisipasi aktif melalui tanya jawab dan studi kasus. Harapannya dari kegiatan ini pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat semakin meningkat mengenai penyakit leptospirosis dan dapat menerapkan PHBS serta GERMAS di kehidupan sehari-hari, sehingga dapat berkontribusi dalam menekan angka penyakit leptospirosis dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat.
REINFORCEMENT PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA MODUL BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL TANA LUWU
Authors: Shaleh Mahadin , Mirnawati Mirnawati
Published: May 2022

Pada proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, guru terkadang hanya memanfaatkan bahan ajarÂ  dari Â penerbit. Materi dalam bahan ajar yang disajikan dalam bahan ajar tersebut biasanya sudah dianggap jenuh oleh siswa. Berkaitan dengan pendidikan karakter, aspek sosiologis dan budaya lokal merupakan variabel yang turut menentukan.Â  Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya berupa reinforcement (penguatan) pendidikan karakter. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Palopo dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu pelatihan dan pendampingan. Produk hasil kegiatan berupa modul pembelajaran mulai dari kelas X hingga kelas XII. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan secara bertahap dari bulan Juli dan berakhir bulan pada bulan Nopember 2019. Simpulan dari hasil kegiatan ini adalah (a) Guru- guruÂ  peserta pelatihan dan pendampingan memiliki tambahan pengetahuan dan wawasan terkait dengan pendidikan karakter berbasis budaya lokal dan mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang penelitian pengembangan (R&D) khususnya model Four D yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan modul pembelajaran; (b) Guru-guru peserta pelatihan dan pendampingan telah mampu menghasilkan produk bahan ajar berupa modul bahasa Indonesia di setiap kelas. Modul tersebut telah melewati proses validasi hingga uji kefektifan dan kepraktisan. Salah satu nilai tambah dalam kegiatan penguatan pendidikan karakter ini adalah integrasi budaya lokal Tana Luwu. Jadi karakter luhur dari budaya leluhur Tana Luwu ini dijadikan muatan materi dalam pembelajaran. Di satu sisi, pendidikan karakter sebagaimana menjadi program pemerintah telah berjalan, di sisi lain peserta didik juga mempelajari budayanya sendiri sehingga jati diri sebagai â€˜Wija to Luwuâ€™ tetap melekat dalam jiwa dan karakternya.
EDUKASI RISIKO KEHAMILAN DAN KELUARGA BERENCANA PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR (WUS) DI DUSUN PRINGGOLAYAN, KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Matahari Ratu , Meldi Putri Apriliani , Nadiah Ulkin , Yuditasari Rizky , Marselina Sinta , Morisa Morisa
Published: May 2022

Penggunaan KB dapat mengatasi risiko kesehatan reproduksi salah satunya adalah kehamilan 4T, yaitu hamilÂ dalam usia terlalu tua (usia >35 tahun), hamil dalam usia terlalu muda (usia <20 tahun), terlalu sering atau terlalu dekat jarak kehamilan (usia <2 tahun) dan terlalu banyak anak (>4 orang). Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap wanita subur (WUS) terkait risiko kehamilan dan penggunaan metode KB. Metode intervensi yang dilakukan adalah edukasi menggunakan media leaflet kesehatan reproduksi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan hasil terdapat perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap WUS di RT 01,10,11,12,dan 13 Dusun Pringgolayan, Kabupaten Bantul terhadap kehamilan berisiko dan penggunaan metode kontrasepsi. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari intervensi yang telah dilakukan adalah WUS lebih memahami risiko kehamilan dan manfaat penggunaan metode kontrasepsi.
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN ATAP HALAMAN MASJID AL ASEL, PERUMAHAN KANOMAN, BANYURADEN, GAMPING, SLEMAN, DIY
Authors: Widianti Anita , Priyo Mandiyo , Prasetio Eka , Alpriandi Mulya
Published: May 2022

Al Asel Mosque is one of the mosques in Banyumeneng Hamlet, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, DIY, which was established in 1985. Over time the number of worshipers has increased. The current size of the mosque is no longer sufficient to accommodate people who want to worship, especially Friday prayers and Tarawih prayers in the month of Ramadhan, so that they often spill out to the courtyard of the mosque. Problems arise when it starts to enter the rainy season. The mosque yard covering an area of 12x12 m2 which has been covered by concrete block and marked for prayer can not be used anymore. As a result, prayers had to crowd within the mosque and on the porch, even forced to pray on the terrace of the kindergarten room. This of course reduces the solemnity during worship. The committee of Al Asel Mosque planned to build a roof of the mosque courtyard so that the prayers can pray on the courtyard during rain. The purpose of this activity is to help the committee of Al Asel Mosque realize the roof structure of the mosque's yard covering an area of 12x12m2. The method of activities carried out include designing the roof structure and supervision during the construction process in a few weeks. The design process produced documents consisting of design drawings and budget plans. After the completion of the mosque roof construction, the capacity of pilgrims increased and it is expected that prayers would be more solemn during worship.