bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromium Complex of Macrocyclic Ligands as Precursor for Nitric Oxide Release: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Guadalupe Hernández José , Thangarasu Pandiyan
Published: October 2024

Our research on the chromium complex of macrocyclic ligands as a precursor for nitric oxide release makes a significant contribution to the field of chemistry. We conduct a detailed analysis of nitrito chromium complexes, specifically trans‐[M(III)L1–5(ONO)2]+, where M=Cr(III) and L1‐L5 represent different ligands such as L1=1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane, L2= (5,7‐dimethyl‐6‐benzylcyclam), L3= (5,7‐dimethyl‐6‐anthracylcyclam), L4= (5,7‐dimethyl‐6‐(p‐hydroxymethylbenzyl)‐1,4, 8,11‐cyclam) and L5= (5,7‐dimethyl‐6‐(1¢‐methyl‐4'‐(1”‐carboxymethylpyrene) benzyl)‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane). Our objective is to comprehensively understand the mechanism of NO release and identify the key factors influencing NO delivery. The optimized structure of the complexes at spin states S=1/2 or 3/2 indicates a decrease in the Cr(III)−O bond length (1.669–1.671 Å) along with an increase in the Cr(III)O−NO bond length (2.735–2.741 Å), which facilitates the release of NO. Furthermore, there is a significant change in the bond angle (Cr−O−NO), from 120.4° to 116.9°, to S=3/2, thus enlarging the O−NO bond and supporting the β‐cleavage of NO from the complex. The calculated activation energy for the complexes reflects the energy difference between the low‐spin doublet and high‐spin quartet state due to spin crossover (SCO). Moreover, the Natural Transition Orbitals (NTOs) confirm the involvement of a hole‐particle in the excitation. Additionally, TD‐DFT reveals the pendant chromophore's role in generating NO, as the chromophore antenna effectively enhances light absorption.
Prediction of Cardiac ATTR Depletion by NI006 (ALXN2220) Using Mechanistic PK/PD Modeling
Authors: Michalon Aubin , Renaud Lionel , Machacek Matthias , Cortijo Cédric , Udata Chandrasekhar , Mercuri Michele F. , Buller Fabian , Hock Christoph , Nitsch Roger M. , Kahr Peter C. , Grimm Jan
Published: October 2024

NI006 (aka ALXN2220) is a therapeutic antibody candidate in phase III clinical development for the depletion of amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) in patients with ATTR cardiomyopathy, an infiltrative cardiomyopathy leading to increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT). The mode‐of‐action consists in removal of disease‐causing amyloid accumulations by activating phagocytic immune cells, a mechanism without precedent in cardiology. To select a safe and potentially efficacious dose range and treatment duration for a combined first‐in‐human and proof‐of‐concept clinical phase Ib study, we developed a mechanistic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model that can predict NI006 exposure, its effects on cardiac amyloid load and on LWVT, which is a predictor of heart failure in this disease. The PK/PD model predictions supported 0.3 mg/kg monthly dosing as a safe starting dose and identified 10–60 mg/kg monthly as the potentially efficacious dose range with substantial and dose dependent cardiac amyloid burden reduction within 4 months for 60 mg/kg and 10 months for 10 mg/kg. These predictions were in good agreement with the observed primary results of the clinical phase Ib study where amyloid burden was measured by imaging. This novel translational PK/PD model provided important predictions to guide the design of the phase Ib study of NI006, indicating the value of this approach to integrate preclinical results into clinical trial design and increase translational success.
The Potential of Disease Progression Modeling to Advance Clinical Development and Decision Making
Authors: Starling Mary Summer , Kehoe Lindsay , Burnett Bruce K. , Green Phil , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Madabushi Rajanikanth
Published: October 2024

While some model‐informed drug development frameworks are well recognized as enabling clinical trials, the value of disease progression modeling (DPM) in impacting medical product development has yet to be fully realized. The Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative assembled a diverse project team from across the patient, academic, regulatory, and industry sectors of practice to advance the use of DPM for decision making in clinical trials and medical product development. This team conducted a scoping review to explore current applications of DPM and convened a multi‐stakeholder expert meeting to discuss its value in medical product development. In this article, we present the scoping review and expert meeting output and propose key questions that medical product developers and regulators may use to inform clinical development strategy, appreciate the therapeutic context and endpoint selection, and optimize trial design with disease progression models. By expanding awareness of the unique value of DPM, this article does not aim to be technical in nature but rather aims to highlight the potential of DPM to improve the quality and efficiency of medical product development.
Designing with neurodiversity in mind supports overall student success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2024

PHILADELPHIA — Before you update or renovate residence halls, student unions, recreation centers, or other on‐campus facilities frequently trafficked by your students, keep in mind that designing for neurodiversity can make a significant difference in overall student success.
Students create prize‐winning app to keep everyone safer on campus
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2024

Four students from the University of Nevada, Reno, for their senior project in computer science class, created an app designed specifically to help women feel safer on campus. Kathleen Scafidi, Anna Desorcy, Michael Munakash, and Kurtis Bertauche were all computer science majors when they created the app Ur Next Route.
Lipid and Corticosteroid Biomarkers Under the Influence of Bisphosphonates
Authors: Tou Kathy , Cawley Adam , Noble Glenys , Loy Jaymie , Bishop David , Keledjian John , Sornalingam Kireesan , Richards Stacey , Fu Shanlin
Published: October 2024

Detecting the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) in equine athletes is of interest to regulators and laboratories due to the threat to welfare issues for the potential to provide analgesic effects and manipulating bone structure. The detection of BPs in biological matrices is challenging due to erratic biological elimination and inconsistent analytical recoveries. Therefore, complementary approaches are needed to provide evidence of their misuse in racehorses. BPs have two sub‐classes: nitrogenous and non‐nitrogenous. This study investigated plasma elimination following administration of one example from each sub‐class, together with changes in endogenous eicosanoid and corticosteroids. Zoledronic acid (ZA) and tiludronic acid (TA) were administered by IV infusion to 8 thoroughbred horses with an 11‐month washout period between each administration. Sample preparation for quantification of BPs by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) utilised a two‐step solid phase extraction (SPE) consisting of polymeric reversed‐phase followed by weak anion exchange prior to derivatisation using trimethyl orthoacetate. Endogenous biomarkers were analysed after protein precipitation and SPE with polymeric reversed‐phase prior to liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) using data independent acquisition. The LC–MS/MS analysis showed ZA was undetectable after 8 h post‐administration while TA was detected up to the final collection point of 28 days post‐administration. The LC‐HRMS analysis utilised targeted (i.e., prior inclusion list of compounds) approaches to monitor level changes of eicosanoid and corticosteroid biomarkers. Putative biomarkers were identified and now subject to validation for translation into routine sample analysis for improved retrospectivity to detecting BP misuse in equine plasma.
High‐efficiency solar selective absorber: Using the high‐entropy nitride MoTaTiCrN nanoceramics as a perspective strategy
Authors: He Cheng‐Yu , Li Zhengtong , Zhao Peng , Jiang Hao‐Cheng , Zhou Zhuo‐Hao , Gao Rui‐Ting , La Pei‐Qing , Wang Lei , Gao Xiang‐Hu
Published: October 2024

High‐entropy materials have sparked significant interest in varied applications, particularly in solar‐thermal technologies such as solar‐driven desalination and concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. In this context, high‐entropy nitrides, as novel solar selective absorbers (SSAs) materials, play a crucial role in these applications, demonstrating excellent spectral selectivity and strong thermal and chemical stability at high temperatures and in harsh environments. However, the underlying sunlight absorption mechanisms, atomic‐level structures, and programmatic design route of these SSAs still need further investigation. Herein, a high‐entropy alloy (MoTaTiCr) target was used to construct gradient high‐entropy nitride films via magnetron sputtering in the nitrogen atmosphere. The atomic‐level microstructure study revealed the crystal structure characteristics in the MoTaTiCrN layer. Computer simulations and density functional theory calculations aided in the design and understanding of the possible solar absorption mechanisms. The as‐deposited SSA exhibited impressive optical properties (α = 95.2%; ε = 6.8%) and demonstrated excellent thermal robustness, maintaining performance after long‐term annealing at 600°C for 300 h. Its photothermal conversion efficiency reached 87.9% at 600°C under 100 suns. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the SSA, used in a solar‐powered photothermal desalination unit, showed a high evaporation efficiency since the excellent optical performance as well as the thermal management.
The Role of Geography, Diet, and Host Phylogeny on the Gut Microbiome in the Hawaiian Honeycreeper Radiation
Authors: Costantini Maria S. , Videvall Elin , Foster Jeffrey T. , Medeiros Matthew C. I. , Gillece John D. , Paxton Eben H. , Crampton Lisa H. , Mounce Hanna L. , Wang Alex X. , Fleischer Robert C. , Campana Michael G. , Reed Floyd A.
Published: October 2024

The animal gut microbiome can have a strong influence on the health, fitness, and behavior of its hosts. The composition of the gut microbial community can be influenced by factors such as diet, environment, and evolutionary history (phylosymbiosis). However, the relative influence of these factors is unknown in most bird species. Furthermore, phylosymbiosis studies have largely focused on clades that diverged tens of millions of years ago, and little is known about the degree of gut microbiome divergence in more recent species radiations. This study explores the drivers of microbiome variation across the unique and recent Hawaiian honeycreeper radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidinae). Fecal samples were collected from 14 extant species spanning the main islands of the Hawaiian archipelago and were sequenced using three metabarcoding markers to characterize the gut microbiome, invertebrate diet, and plant diet of Hawaiian honeycreepers. We then used these metabarcoding data and the honeycreeper host phylogeny to evaluate their relative roles in shaping the gut microbiome. Microbiome variation across birds was highly individualized; however, source island had a small but significant effect on microbiome structure. The microbiomes did not recapitulate the host phylogenetic tree, indicating that evolutionary history does not strongly influence microbiome structure in the honeycreeper clade. These results expand our understanding of the roles of diet, geography, and phylogeny on avian microbiome structure, while also providing important ecological information about the diet and gut microbiota of wild Hawaiian honeycreepers.
Occurrence and Strength of Instantaneous and Intracohort Density‐Dependence in Northeast Atlantic Fish Stocks
Authors: Cardinale Massimiliano , Bartolino Valerio , Winker Henning , Orio Alessandro , Griffiths Christopher A. , Kell Laurie
Published: October 2024

Biological reference points (BRPs) used in fisheries management do not include density‐dependent (DD) growth, with DD processes only considered in the stock recruitment relationship. Not accounting for DD on somatic growth has led to criticism that such BRPs underestimate the compensatory effects of DD at low stock size, and therefore risk foregone catch opportunities. Here, we analyse 81 stocks from the Northeast Atlantic for evidence of DD growth, defined as the process in which stock size affects somatic weight. We evaluate the following questions: (1) How many stocks have experienced instantaneous DD growth and do stocks of the same species display similar trends? (2) Is there a common instantaneous DD growth relationship shared by all stocks? (3) For stocks exhibiting significant instantaneous DD growth, can we quantify the strength of the relationship? (4) Is DD growth operating as an intra‐cohort process as opposed to an instantaneous effect? Results reveal that only the weight of recruits exhibits a common instantaneous DD growth while the other responses analysed show a positive, noncompensatory effect, suggesting that other processes are at work. All responses examined showed significant temporal autocorrelation, which, when not accounted for, suggest apparent instantaneous DD growth in several stocks. Comparison of instantaneous against intracohort DD growth showed an increase in the number of stocks with significant DD growth, although, as for instantaneous DD growth, this declined greatly when temporal autocorrelation was accounted for. Our results counteract the a priori assumption that DD growth compensation is related only to stock biomass or density, suggesting that DD growth should be dealt case‐by‐case. Consequently, management practices that aim to fish down stock biomass with the anticipation of triggering DD growth will be associated with greater asymmetric risks than keeping biomass at levels where replacement yield does not rely on it.
Morphological Traits Are Not Consistently Related to Population Size in Four Migratory Caribou Populations Across North America
Authors: Vuillaume Barbara , Leblond Mathieu , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Côté Steeve D.
Published: October 2024

To develop effective management to maintain or restore populations of large herbivores, wildlife managers require sound empirical data on their variations in size and associated parameters. Many studies have highlighted links between morphological traits of individuals and population density; however, less attention has been devoted to whether or not morphological traits can reliably inform on population size in years when no population estimates are available. We evaluated the relationships between three morphological traits (hind foot length, body mass, and body fat) and population size interpolated over three decades, for four migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds in northern Canada and Alaska. Our sample included 8865 measurements of 4473 individuals. We used a Bayesian modeling approach to evaluate the relationships between morphology and population size across different sex and age classes, considering different temporal scales and, when possible, phases of population growth or decline. We found that morphological traits were not consistently linked to population size. Statistically significant relationships existed for some combinations of herd and age classes, but weak to absent relationships were more common. Our study suggests that morphological traits alone cannot replace data obtained from aerial surveys to approximate population size when population trends are unknown. We discuss the usefulness of morphological traits to explain population size, and recognize their role as complementary metrics to inform the management and conservation of large herbivores, but conclude that morphological data should not be used to predict population size without information on population trends.
Comparative Efficacy of Magnesium and Potassium Towards Cholesterol and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Single‐Blinded Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Khalid Sidra , Mehboob Riffat , Bokhari Syeda Shazia , Ali Muhammad , Shabbir Ambreen , Mehboob Khurram , Adnan Hafsa , Karami Mohammed Matoog , Shalabi Hani , Alshehri Bander
Published: October 2024

Previous studies exploring the relationship between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results.

Objective

The present study was designed to compare the effect of magnesium, potassium and both (potassium and magnesium combined) on cholesterol levels and quality of life (QoL) among patients with T2DM.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial (single blinded) was conducted at The University of Lahore and Lahore Medical Research Center (LMRC). The sample size was 290 patients with T2DM, who were divided into four groups: Group I (T1) that received control/placebo; Group II (T2) and Group III (T3) received magnesium and potassium supplements, respectively; and Group IV (T4) received both magnesium and potassium supplements. Blood samples were taken from all patients before and after 60 days of supplementation to determine the levels of K+, Mg2+ and cholesterol using a chemistry analyzer (photometer 5010 v5+).

Results

There was a decrease in mean cholesterol levels in all groups after the treatment, with the largest reduction (224.9 ± 61.92 to 163.4 ± 48.38) seen in the T3 group, that received potassium supplements. A significant increase in the social QoL, indicated by a p value change from 0.06 before medical intervention to 0.000 after medical intervention, was observed. p value was significant (<0.05) between pre‐ and post‐QoL within the T2 (Mg) and T3 (K) treatment groups.

Conclusions

The overall decrease in cholesterol levels and improvement in the social QoL after treatment imply that magnesium‐ and potassium‐based formulations prove beneficial in combating hyperlipidaemia in patients with T2DM.

Trial Registration: NCT04642313
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer hospitalized with new onset acute heart failure
Authors: Marenzi Giancarlo , Cardinale Daniela , Cosentino Nicola , Trombara Filippo , Poggio Paolo , Leoni Olivia , Bortolan Francesco , Resta Marta , Lucci Claudia , Capra Nicolò , Bonomi Alice , Agostoni Piergiuseppe
Published: October 2024

Aims

Limited evidence exists regarding the outcomes of cancer patients hospitalized with new onset acute heart failure (AHF). We assessed the in‐hospital mortality and 1 year outcomes of cancer patients admitted for new onset AHF, taking into account both past and active cancer status as well as cancer site.

Methods

We examined administrative data of adult patients hospitalized with a first episode of AHF from 2003 to 2018 in Lombardy, Italy. Patients were categorized based on their cancer history. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality with secondary endpoints including 1 year all‐cause mortality and 1 year re‐hospitalization for AHF.

Results

Among 283 144 patients AHF hospitalizations, 55 145 (19%) involved patients with a history of cancer (60% past cancer, 40% active cancer). Both in‐hospital and 1 year mortality rates were higher among cancer patients compared with those without (9.3% vs. 6.4% and 34.9% vs. 22.3%, respectively; P < 0.0001). After adjustment, cancer patients exhibited increased risk of in‐hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.40; 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.46] and 1 year mortality (HR 1.35; 99% CI 1.32–1.39), particularly among those with lung cancer. Patients with active and past cancer had a similar in‐hospital mortality risk (OR 0.99; 99% CI 0.91–1.07) while 1 year mortality risk was higher among those with active cancer (HR 1.26; 99% CI 1.21–1.31).

Conclusions

Cancer is a prevalent comorbidity in patients hospitalized with new onset AHF, and it is associated with a poorer prognosis. Mortality risk appears to vary based on cancer status and type.
Iodoaniline Dependent Formation of N‐Aroylguanidines Versus 2‐Aminoquinazolinones from Palladium(0) Catalysed Aminocarbonylation of N‐Arylguanidines
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Thirupathi Natesan
Published: October 2024

A family of N,N′‐diaryl‐N′′‐(pyridine‐2‐ylmethyl)guanidines (B) were prepared in 70 %–92 % yields and subjected to palladium(0) catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions with aryl iodides using CsOH/CHCl3 mixture as CO surrogate to afford the corresponding N‐aroylguanidines (C) in 70 %–93 % yields. A gram scale synthesis was reported for a representative example. When the aforementioned reaction was carried out with 2‐iodoaniline as an electrophile, either a mixture of two distinct 2‐aminoquinazolinones (D and E) or one of these 2‐aminoquinazolinones are formed. The scope of guanidines and aryl iodides were explored for both of the above‐mentioned reactions. The role of directing group in the substrates upon the successful aminocarbonylation of guanidines, B is outlined. The reactions of a pair of N‐aroylguanidines, C with PhI(OAc)2 afforded 2‐aminobenzimidazoles, T with unanticipated core. Plausible mechanisms of formation of C, D, E and T are outlined.
Synthesis of the cis‐ and trans‐3‐Fluoro Analogues of Febrifugine and Halofuginone
Authors: Alkhathami Fahad , Chieng Lee Yang , Ortin Yannick , Rubini Marina , Evans Paul
Published: October 2024

The novel synthesis of racemic cis‐ and trans‐3‐fluorofebrifugine and halofuginone is described. This straight‐forward seven‐step process relies on an electrophilic fluorination‐allylation sequence that generates a mixture of N‐Cbz protected, diastereomeric 2‐allyl‐3‐fluoropiperidines. On separation, a Wacker oxidation‐methyl functionalisation sequence enabled introduction of the required quinazolinone portion. Finally, removal of the N‐Cbz protecting group lead to isolation of the 3‐fluorofebrifugine dihydrobromide analogues that are of potentially pharmacological use. Analysis of the NMR spectra for each stereoisomer provides information concerning the preferred conformers of the different diastereomers. Evidence indicates that the cis‐diastereomer favours a conformation where the F‐atom occupies an axial orientation. In contrast, for its trans‐stereoisomeric counterpart, the 2‐substituent overrides any F‐atom effect and it preferentially occupies a conformer where both substituents occupy equatorial positions. Finally, interconversion between the cis‐ and trans‐diastereomers was studied. In DMSO‐d6 and as their free‐bases, isomerisation of each diastereomer gave a common 65 : 35 ratio of trans‐ to cis‐3‐fluorofebrifugine. Determination of the reaction rate constants for the isomerisation process at different temperatures enabled calculation of the activation energy barriers, for each process, using an Arrhenius plot. The activation energy barrier for the isomerisation of the trans‐isomer was 94.3±4.9 kJ mol−1, whereas for the cis‐isomer it was 84.5±3.9 kJ mol−1.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Sildenafil Citrate and Tadalafil Using a Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Adsorptive Stripping Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Authors: Öksüz Mertcan , Cittan Mustafa , Dost Kenan
Published: October 2024

An adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil. The voltammetric working electrode was a glassy carbon electrode modified with carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The sensitivity of the developed voltammetric method was significantly increased by this modification. Both analytes spontaneously adsorbed on the modified electrode surface due to their adsorption affinities. The irreversible oxidation signals of both analytes were used as the analytical signals. The electrochemical behaviour of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil was assessed using cyclic voltammetry. The developed voltammetric method was linear in the range of 0.01–0.50 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and 0.9985 for sildenafil citrate and tadalafil, respectively. The LOQs of the method for both analytes were 0.010 μM. The intra‐ and inter‐day reproducibility of the method was less than 10% RSD in all cases. The extraction recoveries for both analytes ranged between 83 and 94%. The applicability of the developed voltammetric method were investigated by determining the analyte in two different spiked samples (an energy drink and a traditional herbal product). Furthermore, the described method would represent the first electrochemical approach for the simultaneous detection of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil, providing an available alternative to current chromatographic techniques.
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharge of adults (SREDA) in pediatric population: A case series with systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bosisio Luca , Mancardi Maria Margherita , Boeri Silvia , Nobili Lino , Nobile Giulia , Siri Laura , Prato Giulia , Canale Edoardo
Published: October 2024

Subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharge of adults (SREDA) is one of the rarest and most challenging non‐epileptic electroencephalographic variants. Although the pathogenesis of this activity is unclear, an association with vascular insufficiency and cerebral hypoxia has been proposed. SREDA usually occurs in adulthood, but there are few reports in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic review of the literature, confirming the rarity of this condition in children, and added 5 more subjects. We report on a total of 16 children with SREDA. Sufficient data are available for 15 patients. The mean age at first detection of SREDA was 11.5 years. We observed that 67% (10/15) of the subjects had previous seizures: 80% (8/10) of them had an epilepsy diagnosis and 38% (3/8) had generalized epilepsy. Moreover, 8 of 13 subjects whose medical history was available (61%) had a neurodevelopmental disorder. From an electroencephalographic point of view, we noted a prevalence of bilateral SREDA with atypical localization and abrupt onset and end. Since SREDA can be incorrectly interpreted as an epileptic discharge, with possible therapeutic implications, it is important to consider its possible occurrence also in pediatric patients, perhaps more frequently in those with neurodevelopmental disorders.
A bio‐reactive transport model for biomethanation in hydrogen underground storage sites
Authors: Minougou Jean Donald , Azizmohammadi Siroos , Gholami Raoof , Ott Holger
Published: October 2024

Underground biomethanation, which relies on the subsurface microbial activity to convert hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane, is a promising approach to support carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology. The process involves injecting hydrogen with captured CO2 into depleted oil and gas reservoirs or aquifers colonized by hydrogenotrophic methanogens that can convert these two substrates into methane. Despite the attractiveness of this technology, there are still uncertainties about the efficiency of the conversion process, particularly the impact of microbial parameters. To investigate the efficiency of the hydrogen conversion process, we relied on a bio‐reactive transport model that can mimic microbial growth and decay, consumption of substrates, and transport of reactants and products. It was found that the methane concentration peaks near the injection well when the hydrogen fraction is in the range of 75% to 80% of the injected gas composition. In addition, a noticeable hydrogen sulfide concentration can be produced due to sulfide ions in the brine. Using the Kozeny‐Carman relation, an attempt was made to correlate microbial growth with reduced porosity and permeability. It was then revealed that substrate consumption by microbes leads to a drastic increase in the microbial population in the subsurface, which can reduce the petrophysical properties of the reservoir, especially in the near wellbore area. The results obtained from a series of parametric analyses showed that the hydrogen concentration in the injected gas, pressure, well spacing, and injection rate are some of the most important parameters contributing to the biomethanation process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture, international stakeholders, and crowdfunding
Authors: Cumming Douglas J. , Sewaid Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Research Summary

International crowdfunding platforms present a unique opportunity for foreign entrepreneurs to attract stakeholders, typically from either the entrepreneur's home‐country or the platform's host‐country. We argue that success in mobilizing these stakeholders is culturally dependent. Specifically, cultural distance from the platform's host country can impede the mobilizing of home‐country stakeholders. Conversely, while attracting host‐country stakeholders may appear advantageous, these benefits are uncertain and limited for culturally‐proximal entrepreneurs. This is because their offerings are seen as less distinct compared to host‐country local offerings while introducing additional information asymmetries. Given these dynamics, we theorize that culturally‐distant entrepreneurs have better fundraising prospects when attracting host‐country backers, while culturally‐proximal entrepreneurs are more successful when mobilizing home‐country backers. Our analysis of 55,266 foreign projects on Kickstarter supports these arguments.

Managerial Summary

This study examines how cultural differences affect the success of entrepreneurs using non‐local crowdfunding platforms. We find that entrepreneurs from countries that are culturally distant from the platform's host‐country are more successful when they focus on attracting backers from the platform's host‐country. In contrast, entrepreneurs from culturally similar countries do better when they mobilize supporters from their home country. For practitioners, this means that understanding cultural distance is key to successful crowdfunding. Entrepreneurs should tailor their outreach strategy based on their cultural distance from the platform's host country. Those from culturally‐distant regions should prioritize backers from the platform's country, while those from culturally similar regions should focus on home‐country supporters to maximize their fundraising success.
Evaluating human error probability in maintenance task: An integrated system dynamics and machine learning approach
Authors: Bafandegan Emroozi Vahideh , Kazemi Mostafa , Pooya Alireza , Doostparast Mahdi
Published: October 2024

Human error is often implicated in industrial accidents and is frequently found to be a symptom of broader issues within the sociotechnical system. Therefore, research exploring human error during maintenance activities is important. This article aims to assess the probability of human error in maintenance tasks at a cement factory using the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method and System Dynamics modeling. Given that human error probability (HEP) is influenced by various common performance conditions (CPCs) and their sub‐factors, and changes dynamically in response to other variables, the SD method offers a practical approach for estimating and predicting human error behavior over time. This study identifies and quantifies the variables affecting HEP, explores their interactions and feedback in maintenance tasks, and assesses the associated costs. The machine learning technique is then used to estimate the relationship between HEP and these costs. The optimal value of the HEP function, 0.000772, is determined by identifying the minimum point of a cubic function, thereby minimizing associated costs and occupational accidents. Determining the optimal HEP is crucial for minimizing excessive costs and investing in improved ergonomics and CPCs for better performance. This addresses a significant gap in existing research where the impact of human error on maintenance tasks has not been estimated as a function. Furthermore, three scenarios are presented to help managers allocate the organization's budget more effectively.
The importance of integrating flexible learning methods (audio‐visual animation vs. visual pamphlet) to enhance awareness, perspectives, and practices in preventing lower back pain in nurses. A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Zarifsanaiey Nahid , Yazdani Zahra , Karimian Zahra , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Nurses are highly susceptible to developing low back pain (LBP), which is considered a common occupational hazard. The present study investigated the efficacy of flexible learning methods on the nurses' awareness, perspectives, and practice regarding the prevention of LBP.

Methods

In pre‐test posttest quasi‐experimental study conducted from June to December 2019, 153 eligible nurses working in three hospitals were participated. Researchers divided the hospitals into three groups with similar numbers of participants (around 55 each) using a random process. One group received an educational intervention using an audio‐visual animation, another group got a visual pamphlet, and the last group served as a control with no intervention. All nurses completed a validated questionnaire designed by the researchers to assess their awareness, perspectives, and practices related to preventing lower back pain. The questionnaire was given three times: before the intervention, 1 week after, and 4 weeks after.

Results

The study found that participants in the audio‐visual and visual pamphlet groups scored significantly higher on awareness, perspective, and practice measures compared to the control group. Interestingly, the visual pamphlet group showed even greater awareness and practice scores compared to the audio‐visual group (p < 0.001). However, the audio‐visual group achieved a higher perspective score compared to the visual pamphlet group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Nurses' perspective, awareness, and practice towards LBP prevention can be improved by blending the visual pamphlet and audio‐visual animation.
Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer prevention in Afghanistan: The imperative for an HPV vaccination and screening program
Authors: Sadat Rowaida , Sacinti Koray Gorkem , Topcu Elif Goknur , Saeed Saeeda
Published: October 2024

Synopsis

Urgent action is required to implement cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs in Afghanistan to address rising incidence and fatalities amidst political and humanitarian crises.
Evaluation of albumin and lactate dehydrogenase in comparison with cytokeratin 19 fragments and neuron‐specific enolase as diagnostic biomarkers for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Feng Xiaodong , Yuan Ning , Xu Wei , Ji Yingying , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Zhijun
Published: October 2024

Background

The diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a clinical issue that requires attention, and more practical and effective biomarkers need to be selected to assist in diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic value of serum albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21‐1), and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) for NSCLC.

Methods

The clinical data of 1048 NSCLC patients and 1125 healthy subjects were extracted from electronic medical records. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic significance of ALB, LDH, CYFRA21‐1, and NSE for NSCLC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, which included mRNA profiles for ALB and LDH expression, were acquired from TCGA Program. Finally, interactive survival scatter plots and survival analyses for NSCLC patients were evaluated using the Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan–Meier Plotter.

Results

Significant differences were noted in the levels of ALB and LDH between NSCLC patients and healthy controls. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for ALB and LDH were 0.754 (95% CI: 0.734–0.774) and 0.681 (95% CI: 0.658–0.704), respectively. Moreover, the combination of ALB and LDH raised the AUC to 0.804 (95% CI: 0.785–0.823), and the incorporation of CYFRA21‐1 and NSE further increased the AUC to 0.903 (95% CI: 0.890–0.916). Notably, ALB and LDH might be related to the overall survival of NSCLC patients.

Conclusion

This study revealed that ALB and LDH in NSCLC patient serum could improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional biomarkers for NSCLC.
Subsidence and measures in the polders of the Netherlands
Authors: Schultz Bart
Published: October 2024

The Netherlands consists for 65% of polders. Impoldering activities started in the beginning of the 11th century with impoldering of coastal lowlands. In the 13th century, a start was made with reclaiming of lands gained on the sea and since early 16th century with draining of lakes. Up to several metres in depth, soils consist primarily of peat and or clay. Underneath is a thick sandy layer, with lenses of clay. Especially in peat polders, subsidence and oxidation have been significant, up to 5 m, and is still going on. In clay polders, most of the subsidence took place in the first decennia after reclamation. Maximum subsidence in these polders has been 1.25 m. Over centuries, various measures have been taken to cope with the subsidence problems. These measures consist first of all in water management measures related to management not only of the subsidence process, but also of special measures with respect to buildings, structures and infrastructure. The paper presents a review of the subsidence process in the different types of polders, as well as of measures that over the centuries have been taken to cope with the developments in the polders and to cope with subsidence problems.
Lateral closing wedge high‐tibial osteotomy is a long‐lasting option for patients under the age of 55 with medial compartment osteoarthritis
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed , Garba Bashirr , McMeniman Tim , Collins Brett , McMeniman Peter , Myers Peter
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Assess the survival of the closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CWHTO) with failure defined as progression to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and perioperative complications.

Methods

Patients undergoing CWHTO in a single centre were included in this study. The patient's demographics, operative data and patient‐reported outcome measures were collected from the medical records. The outcomes assessed were progression to TKA, complications and patient‐reported outcome measures. The Australian joint registry was used to assess which patients progressed to TKA. A binary logistics regression is used to determine if any of the collected factors increase the likelihood of conversion to arthroplasty. Survival analysis is conducted using a Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis with failure defined as progression to TKA.

Results

Three hundred and fifty‐four (244 males and 110 females) patients were included in the study. The average age of the group was 51 years with an average follow‐up of 18 years. Patients under the age of 55 had a lower rate of progression to TKA. At 15 years, the rate of progression to TKA was 64% and 85% for those under the age of 55 and over 55, respectively. The complication rate was 6% without any peroneal nerve palsies.

Conclusion

CWHTO is a good surgical option particularly when indicated in patients under the age of 55. Additionally, this technique results in a low overall complication rate with an absence of the often‐feared complication of peroneal nerve palsy.

Level of Evidence

Level III, Retrospective study.
Scar revision for persistent pain and activity limitation after exploratory laparotomy in infancy: A case series
Authors: Srinivas Shruthi , Bergus Katherine C. , Mezoff Ethan A. , Minneci Peter C.
Published: October 2024

Exploratory laparotomy in neonates is typically performed via a transverse laparotomy incision. However, this incision may be complicated by poor cosmesis and scar contracture. In three patients, primary gastroenterologists identified significant scar contractures that resulted in pain and limitations with physical activity, necessitating surgical referrals. All patients required subsequent surgical revision of their scar, which involved creation of skin flaps, repair of abdominal wall hernias if present, and reapproximation of the subcutaneous tissue. We describe this phenomenon and the resultant need for surgical management to raise awareness of these late complications and suggest subcutaneous tissue reapproximation should be performed when possible during abdominal wall closure.
Exploring Tenebrio molitor as a source of low‐molecular‐weight antimicrobial peptides using a n in silico approach: correlation of molecular features and molecular docking
Authors: Gonzalez‐de la Rosa Teresa , Marquez‐Paradas Elvira , Leon Maria J , Montserrat‐de la Paz Sergio , Rivero‐Pino Fernando
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae are increasingly recognized as a potential source of bioactive peptides due to their high protein content. Antimicrobial peptides from sustainable sources are a research topic of interest. This study aims to characterize the peptidome of T. molitor flour and an Alcalase‐derived hydrolysate, and to explore the potential presence of antimicrobial peptides using in silico analyses, including prediction tools, molecular docking and parameter correlations.

RESULTS

T. molitor protein was hydrolysed using Alcalase, resulting in a hydrolysate (TMH10A) with a 10% degree of hydrolysis. The peptidome was analysed using LC‐TIMS‐MS/MS, yielding over 6000 sequences. These sequences were filtered using the PeptideRanker tool, selecting the top 100 sequences with scores >0.8. Bioactivity predictions indicated that specific peptides, particularly WLNSKGGF and GFIPYEPFLKKMMA, showed significant antimicrobial potential, particularly against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Correlations were found between antifungal activity and physicochemical properties such as net charge, hydrophobicity and isoelectric point.

CONCLUSIONS

The study identified specific T. molitor‐derived peptides with strong predicted antimicrobial activity through in silico analysis. These peptides, particularly WLNSKGGF and GFIPYEPFLKKMMA, might offer potential applications in food safety and healthcare. Further experimental validation is required to confirm their efficacy. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Prognostic Impact of the Cholangiolar Component in Combined Hepatocellular‐Cholangiocarcinoma: Insights From a Western Single‐Center Study
Authors: Nolasco Francisco , Fonseca Gilton Marques , de Mello Evandro S. , Kruger Jaime Arthur Pirolla , Jeismann Vagner Birk , Makdissi Fabio Ferrari , Coelho Fabricio Ferreira , Alves Venancio A. F. , Herman Paulo
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Primary liver malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA), represent significant contributors to global cancer‐related mortality. The diagnostic challenges associated with distinguishing cHCC‐CCA from HCC and ICC stem from their rarity and overlapping histological features.

Objectives

This study aimed to reclassify primary liver tumors resected at a Western center and to compare clinicopathological features and prognosis among patients with HCC, ICC, and cHCC‐CCA.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing resection for HCC, ICC, or cHCC‐CCA between 2007 and 2017. Clinical and perioperative data were collected, and pathological specimens were reclassified by a specialized pathologist. Statistical analysis was employed to compare clinical features and survival outcomes among the different tumor types.

Results

Out of the initially identified 192 patients, 140 were included in the analysis. Following reclassification, 71.42% were diagnosed with HCC, 12.14% with ICC, and 16.42% with cHCC‐CCA. Patients with HCC were predominantly male and exhibited a higher incidence of isolated liver recurrence. ICC patients more frequently underwent open procedures. Additionally, patients with HCC and cHCC‐CCA showed higher rates of cirrhosis, elevated alpha‐fetoprotein levels, and extrahepatic recurrence, while those with ICC and cHCC‐CCA demonstrated elevated CA 19‐9 levels. Overall survival and disease‐free survival were longer for HCC compared to cases with a cholangiolar component (ICC and cHCC‐CCA).

Conclusions

Histological evaluation should actively incorporate the search for a cholangiolar component in primary liver tumors to prevent misdiagnosis, as its presence indicates a poorer prognosis.
Tinnitus Generation and Behavioral Changes Caused by Chronic Stress: A Behavioral and Brain Study in a Rat Model
Authors: Kim Ye Lin , Yu Hyo Jeong , Kim Min Jung , Han Jae Sang , Lim Ji Hyung , Park So Young , Park Ilyong , Park Shi Nae
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study explores the connection between chronic stress and tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception, using an animal model.

Methods

Rats were subjected to 2 h of daily restraint stress for 10 days. Tinnitus was assessed on the last day of stress exposure using the gap response of pre‐pulse inhibition acoustic reflex, measured at 60 dB background sound level at 8, 16, and 20 kHz. Chronic stress‐exposed rats were categorized into two groups: tinnitus (RTG) and non‐tinnitus (RNTG). Various tests, including hearing assessments (distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response), behavioral evaluations (elevated plus maze test and forced swimming test), and immunohistochemical studies in the auditory and limbic brain regions, were conducted to understand the relationship between chronic stress, tinnitus, and behavioral changes.

Results

Following chronic restraint stress, 64.3% of the rats exhibited tinnitus with no audiometric changes. EPM and FST indicated an increase of anxiety‐ and depression‐related behavior in RTG. Immunohistochemical analyses identified specific alterations in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors within brain regions implicated in tinnitus. Specifically, we observed a decrease in γ‐aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 expression and an increase in glutamate receptor (N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunit 1 and receptor subunit 2B) expression in specific brain region. These changes suggest a reorganization of neural circuits associated with the tinnitus generation and behavioral changes of the rats after chronic stress exposure.

Conclusion

Chronic stress alone can be a causal factor for the generation of tinnitus and behavioral changes through altered neural activities in tinnitus‐related brain networks.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:873–881, 2025
Exploiting the Potential of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in Tissue Engineering: A Review Study
Authors: Brouki Milan Peiman , Masoumi Farimah , Biazar Esmaeil , Zare Jalise Saeedeh , Mehrabi Arezou
Published: October 2024

While significant progress has been made in creating polymeric structures for tissue engineering, the therapeutic application of these scaffolds remains challenging owing to the intricate nature of replicating the conditions of native organs and tissues. The use of human‐derived biomaterials for therapeutic purposes closely imitates the properties of natural tissue, thereby assisting in tissue regeneration. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds derived from natural tissues have become popular because of their unique biomimetic properties. These dECM scaffolds can enhance the body's ability to heal itself or be used to generate new tissues for restoration, expanding beyond traditional tissue transfers and transplants. Enhanced knowledge of how ECM scaffold materials affect the microenvironment at the injury site is expected to improve clinical outcomes. In this review, recent advancements in dECM scaffolds are explored and relevant perspectives are offered, highlighting the development and application of these scaffolds in tissue engineering for various organs, such as the skin, nerve, bone, heart, liver, lung, and kidney.