bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.) growing in Uzbekistan
Authors: Sultonov Kamolitdin , Sattorov Obidjon , Mahmudova Nigina
Published: September 2023

The manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation into the propagation of hazelnut (Corylus) using semi-hardwood cuttings, with a particular emphasis on exploring various planting schemes to identify the most optimal approach. In an era where sustainable and efficient methods of horticultural propagation are crucial, this study contributes valuable insights to enhance hazelnut cultivation practices. The experimental trials were meticulously designed and executed during the final ten days of May, a crucial period that aligns with optimal growth conditions for hazelnut cuttings. A key innovation in this research was the utilization of a specialized fog-generating facility. With the overarching goal of determining the most advantageous planting scheme, a range of configurations was employed. Factors such as spacing, arrangement, and density were meticulously varied, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of their impact on hazelnut seedling growth. This systematic approach aimed to identify the scheme that maximizes the use of available space while ensuring optimal development and survival rates of the seedlings. The outcomes of this research represent a significant achievement in hazelnut propagation. Notably, the study demonstrated the successful cultivation of high-quality seedlings, achieving an impressive count of 42 to 45 seedlings per square meter of cultivated area. This achievement underscores the potential for efficient and productive propagation using the semi-wooden cuttings method. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role that suitable planting schemes play in harnessing the full potential of this propagation technique.
Land use and land cover change dynamics of Uzbekistan: a review
Authors: Karimov Yunus , Musaev Ilhomjon , Mirzababayeva Sakhiba , Abobakirova Zebuniso , Umarov Shodiljon , Mirzaeva Zarnigor
Published: September 2023

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is a dynamic process that shapes landscapes, ecosystems, and human societies. In the context of Uzbekistan, a country in Central Asia, LULCC has been driven by a complex interplay of socio-economic, political, and environmental factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical trajectories, drivers, and implications of LULCC in Uzbekistan. Through the synthesis of diverse data sources including remote sensing imagery, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature, we trace the evolution of land use patterns over time. Agricultural expansion and industrial development have reshaped land cover, impacting biodiversity and ecosystem services. We discuss the intricate web of drivers behind these changes, encompassing demographic shifts, policy alterations, and economic priorities. Moreover, we explore the socio-economic consequences of LULCC, addressing both opportunities and challenges posed by urbanization and agricultural intensification. The interactions between LULCC and climate patterns are examined, underlining the need for climate-conscious land use planning. Drawing on these insights, we emphasize the importance of sustainable land management and evidence-based policy formulation to mitigate negative impacts and maximize benefits. This review underscores the need for continued research, adaptive strategies, and collaborative efforts to address the complex and evolving dynamics of LULCC in Uzbekistan.
Structural features of vegetative organs of Oxytropis macrodonta Gontsch. (Leguminosae) in natural conditions
Authors: Duschanova Guljan , Agzamova Manzura , Janibekov Abdulaziz , Makhmudova Markhaboxon
Published: September 2023

For the first time, the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of Oxytropis macrodonta, which grows in natural habitats, has been studied. The following diagnostic and adaptive features were revealed: in the leaf, a more sinuous outline of the epidermal cells; unsubmerged stomata of anomocytic and hemiparacytic type; dorsiventral type of leaf mesophyll; palisade and spongy parenchyma chlorophyll-bearing; in peduncles - parenchymal-beam type of structure; under the epidermis there is a numerous lamellar collenchyma; conducting bundle open collateral type and sclerified due to bast fibers; the root is of a non-beam type and more woody, the elements of which are primary bast fibers; inside from the fibers there is a secondary bast or secondary phloem, which makes up the zone of the secondary cortex; trapezoidal sections consist of lignified thick-walled cells - a hard bast with a thin-walled element - a soft bast; the libriform is extensive, the woody parenchyma is diffusely vascular. The presence and localization of biologically active substances in palisade, spongy and cortical parenchymal cells are shown. The data and the identified structural diagnostic features of aboveground and underground organs are species-specific and can be used in taxonomy and in the identification of plant materials for a given species.
Content of cytochrome P-450 in microsomal fractions of the liver of pregnant rats and their embryos
Authors: Tuychieva Dilfuza , Alimova Rano , Mirkhamidova Parida
Published: September 2023

This article presents a comprehensive examination of the impact of the pesticide “dropp” on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) of microsome membranes and the levels of cytochrome P-450 enzyme within microsomal fractions of pregnant rats and their developing embryos. The study delves into the intricate biochemical responses within these biological systems following exposure to the pesticide. The research uncovers a significant intensification of NADP.Nand ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomes of both pregnant rats and their embryos upon exposure to the “dropp” pesticide. This heightened lipid peroxidation is particularly notable on the 3rd day of pregnancy, accompanied by an elevated concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress. Moreover, the study reveals a noteworthy impact of “dropp” on the content of cytochrome P-450 enzyme within the microsomal fraction of the liver in pregnant rats. This enzyme, which plays a vital role in various metabolic processes, experiences a reduction in concentration upon pesticide exposure. The effect is most pronounced on the 3rd and 19th days of pregnancy, highlighting specific time windows of vulnerability. Collectively, these findings provide a nuanced understanding of the biochemical repercussions of “dropp” pesticide exposure on the microsomal membranes and enzyme dynamics within pregnant rats and their developing embryos.
Effect of abiotic stresses on the physiological characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Khojamkulova Yulduzoy , Honkeldieva Muhabbat , Choriyeva Gulbahor
Published: September 2023

This article conducts an analysis of water balance indicators for the “Lazurniy” and “Sadaf” rice varieties. Through this analysis, the study aims to uncover insights into the water requirements and responses of these two rice varieties. The research findings reveal distinct characteristics of each variety in terms of their water usage and yield performance. The analysis underscores that the “Lazurniy” variety falls within the category of intensive type varieties. This designation is associated with its ability to thrive and deliver high yields in environments characterized by abundant agricultural resources. On the other hand, the “Sadaf” variety exhibits a different trait it showcases relative resistance to water shortage stress. This resilience suggests that the “Sadaf” variety has the capacity to maintain its performance even under conditions of limited water availability. By delineating these variations in water balance indicators, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the adaptability and yield potential of both “Lazurniy” and “Sadaf” rice varieties. This information holds relevance for crop selection and management decisions, allowing growers to make informed choices based on the specific agro-environmental conditions they face. Ultimately, this analysis contributes to the optimization of rice cultivation practices by aligning crop varieties with their respective water requirements and stress tolerances.
Investigation of the water of Aydarkul Lake into components and the scope of their application
Authors: Azimov Dilmurod , Turabdjanov Sadritdin , Egamberdiyev Elmurod , Azimova Shodiyaxon , Nazirova Rano , Dautov Baxrom , Arslanov Sharafutdin , Muratkulov Olimjon
Published: September 2023

To assess the suitability of Aydarkul Lake’s water for various purposes such as industrial, agricultural, domestic, or drinking usage, a comprehensive analysis was conducted encompassing all pertinent physicochemical parameters of the water. The study aimed to ascertain whether the water met the requisite standards for safe utilization. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the water in Aydarkul Lake exhibited basic physico-chemical characteristics that exceeded the permissible concentrations for drinking water, as defined by the state standards. These findings underscore a significant deviation from the criteria established for safe drinking water consumption. These conclusions illuminate the need for thorough consideration when contemplating the utilization of Aydarkul Lake’s water for various purposes. The data generated from this analysis serves as an important resource for decision-makers and stakeholders, guiding informed choices regarding the potential applications of the lake’s water while also highlighting the importance of maintaining water quality standards for public health and environmental sustainability.
Life cycle assessment analysis of empty oil palm fruit bunches waste from palm oil mill activities
Authors: Wulandari Ayu , Hartono Djoko Mulyo , Dahlan Astryd Viandila
Published: September 2023

The process of utilizing existing empty oil palm fruit bunches is a process of utilization commonly carried out in various oil palm plantation industries. Palm oil liquid and solid waste is an environmental burden that produces global warming potential (GWP) emissions. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the environmental impact of using empty fruit bunches. The method used in this study is the ISO 14040 life cycle assessment (LCA) CML-Baseline IA method. The results showed that the existing use of empty fruit bunches in the plantation and the furnace showed that the furnace’s global warming potential impact value was much higher than that of the plantation, which was 234.719 kg CO2 eq and 234.689 kg CO2 eq, respectively. The eutrophication impact is 0.951 kg PO4 eq for furnace and plantation and an acidification effect of 0.525 kg SO2 eq and 0.523 kg SO2 eq. This concluded that they reduced the most dominant environmental impact by reducing raw materials by up to 80% of empty fruit bunches, which can be processed into co-composting and other technologies.
Environmental noise impact assessment from mass rapid transit to the adjacent community
Authors: Lee Yee Ling , Lim Ming Han , Tan Ooi Kuan
Published: September 2023

Due to the extension of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network throughout the years, the noise generated from MRT had increased and this environmental noise tends to cause annoyance to the adjacent community. The aim of this research is to measure the environmental noise level generated by MRT at one of the MRT stations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, compare the permissible limit and community annoyance response to the measured noise impact to the surrounding community. A total of 4 monitoring points were selected for environmental noise impact assessment. After that, a sound level meter was set up at these monitoring points to measure the sound level. For each monitoring point, the noise level was measured for 6 hours continuously from 7:00 am to 1:00 pm. Based on the results, the noise levels at critical monitoring points exceeded 9.23 % in Taman Midah MRT Station. Little community annoyance is caused in the study areas and this will affect the quality of life of the adjacent community. In conclusion, the environmental noise impact assessment was carried out to safeguard the noise level to be within the noise limit and to enhance the quality of life of the community alongside MRT.
A multicriteria analysis of the potential degradations of a photovoltaic module to assess its robustness
Authors: Boujlel Islem , Logerais Pierre-Olivier , Ben Younes Rached , Abdou Tankari Mahamadou , Bouaichi Abdellatif
Published: September 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) modules in service undergo more or less severe degradation depending on their operating environments, ages and technologies. In this work, we investigated the coupled influence of the climatic conditions of operation and of the degree of deterioration of a PV module on its energy production. We considered four silicon PV modules characterized in standard test conditions. The PV conversion is modeled by a single diode model taking into account the presence of a fault. Matlab/Simulink software was used to calculate the energy supplied at a constant load for the PV module with and without defects. The ratio between the energy produced with fault and without fault allowed to quantify the percentage of loss. This loss was plotted according to the degrees of degradation of the short-circuit currentIsc, the open-circuit voltageVoc, the series resistanceRsand the shunt resistanceRsh. It is shown that when irradiance is held constant, the energy loss is lower with increasing temperature forIscandRsh, and vice versa forVocandRs. While the temperature is kept constant, the energy loss is lower when the irradiance increases forIscandRsh, and inversely forVocandRs.A multicriteria analysis enabled to determine the most robust module among the four ones.
Simultaneous Analysis of Indapamide and Related Impurities in Sustained-Release Tablets by a Single-Run HPLC-PDA Method
Authors: YAO Wu , ZHOU Shiwen , CHENG Qiongru
Published: September 2023

The contents of indapamide and related impurities in generic indapamide sustained-release tablets were simultaneously detected by a single-run high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method for the quality control in this paper. The results showed the method had a good selectivity and was validated through linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. The linear ranges of indapamide, 2-methyl-1-nitroso-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole (impurity A, ImA), 4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulphamoyl-benzamide (impurity B, ImB) and 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid (impurity 1, Im1) were 0.028-1.80 μg/mL (R=0.999 95), 0.060-1.20 μg/mL (R=0.999 6), 0.032 4-1.20 μg/mL (R=0.999 85) and 0.060-1.20 μg/mL (R=0.999 7) with detection limits of 0.009 3, 0.012, 0.012 and 0.006 μg/mL, respectively. ImA and Im1 were not detectable in the generic drug. The content of indapamide was 96.7% of the labeled amount with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.30%, and the percentage of ImB relative to the labeled amounts of indapamide was 0.106% with an RSD of 1.82%. The content of other unspecified impurities all met the reference quality standards. The results provided references for the quality control and the quality standard study of generic indapamide sustained-release tablets.
Deformation Damage and Energy Evolution of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete under the Triaxial Compression
Authors: LU Yufen , FANG Congyan , LIN Jiajian , ZHUANG Huaxia
Published: September 2023

To explore the law of energy evolution and the change of damage before and after specimen failure, the conventional triaxial compression tests (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 MPa) of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) with different fiber volume fractions (0, 0.2% and 0.4%) were carried out by MTS816 rock testing system, and the cyclic loading and unloading tests of BFRC with a fiber content of 0.2% were carried out. The experimental results show that the peak strength and strain of BFRC increase with the increase of confining pressure. Tensile failure occurs under low confining pressure, and shear failure occurs under high confining pressure. The best volume fraction of fiber is 0.2%. Under different confining pressures, the input energy, elastic energy, plastic properties, and dissipated energy of the samples first increase and then decrease to a stable level. The elastic energy and dissipated energy reach the maximum near the peak stress, while the input energy and plastic properties reach the maximum at the peak. At the same time, the damage increases continuously with the input of load under different confining pressures, indicating that the failure of the specimen is a process of energy accumulation.
Editorial
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Die S3-Leitlinie „körperliches Training zur
Frakturprophylaxe“ hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Evidenz
körperlichen Trainings auf Frakturen und Frakturrisikofaktoren
unterschiedlicher Kollektive einzuschätzen und praxisorientierte
Empfehlungen für ein optimiertes Training zur Frakturprophylaxe abzuleiten.
Die leichte Änderung der Namensgebung zur Vorgängerleitlinie
„Physiotherapie und Bewegungstherapie bei Osteoporose“ von 2008
1 erklärt sich aus der erweiterten
Zielsetzung („Frakturreduktion“) und dem umfassenderen
Interventionsgedanken eines „körperlichen Trainings“, das
definitionsgemäß alle „planmäßigen und
zielgerichteten Belastungs-, Beanspruchungsprozesse zur Verbesserung der
bio-physio-sozialen Handlungsfähigkeit“ 2 einschließt.
Equine Craniosuturale Therapie bei einem Headshaker – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Voges-Falkenberg Inken , Cammas Marie-Christine
Published: September 2023

Pferde mit Headshaking-Symptomen sind heute leider immer häufiger zu
beobachten, die Ursachen oftmals sehr vielfältig. Der hier vorgestellte
Fall zeigt, wie eine Behandlungsmethode zur Mobilisation der
Schädelknochen hierfür einen neuen Lösungsansatz bieten
kann.
Manchmal trink ich auch Wasser… – Alkoholkonsum von
Menschen mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung
Authors: Donath Carolin , Gräßel Elmar , Scheuermann Julia-Sophia , Bösl Sophia , Scheerbaum Petra
Published: September 2023

Ziel Riskanter Alkoholkonsum erhöht für Menschen mit
leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung (MCI) das Risiko an Demenz zu
erkranken. Ziel der Studie ist die Erfassung des Alkoholkonsums bei Menschen mit
MCI.

Methodik Bei 270 Menschen (≥60 Jahre) mit MCI wurde 2022 die
12-Monats-Prävalenz, 30-Tage-Prävalenz, riskanter Konsum
(>10 g/20 g pro Tag Reinalkohol für
Frauen/Männer) und Rauschtrinken (≥50 g
Reinalkohol zu einer Gelegenheit) erfasst.

Ergebnisse Etwa die die Hälfte der Menschen mit MCI
(50,8%) trinkt mindestens einmal wöchentlich Alkohol. Bezogen
auf die letzten 30 Tage haben etwa ein Fünftel (17,0%) der
Befragten mindestens einmal das Kriterium für Rauschtrinken
erfüllt. Mehr als jede dritte Frau (34,8%) und etwa jeder
fünfte Mann (18,6%) überschreitet die Grenze zum
riskanten Konsum.

Diskussion Der Alkoholkonsum von Menschen mit MCI ist ähnlich der
deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung (65+); bei Frauen mit MCI ist
riskanter Konsum jedoch deutlich häufiger.
CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma Involving the Skull Base: A Rare Presentation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hobday Sara B. , Mady Leila J. , Jacobson Alec M. , Rassekh Christopher H.
Published: September 2023

Background CIC-DUX4 sarcoma is a rare, aggressive tumor that is difficult to diagnose. Although it is closely related to Ewing's sarcoma, each is a distinct pathologic entity and both have been previously reported in the skin, lymph nodes, and viscera. We report the first description of CIC-DUX4 involving the posterior cranial fossa and review the distinctive symptomatology, morphology, immunoprofile, and genetic signature that differentiate this rare tumor.

Case Report A 32-year-old man presented with an enlarging right lateral neck mass, progressive hoarseness, and orofacial pain. Biopsy revealed a high-grade undifferentiated malignant neoplasm. Imaging demonstrated an 8-cm mass in the right neck extending to the skull base and abutting the carotid sheath, in addition to pulmonary nodules and pelvic lymphadenopathy. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, he experienced disease progression and underwent surgical resection, radical neck dissection, and brachytherapy. Definitive pathologic diagnosis was achieved with next-generation sequencing. Within weeks of treatment, he developed symptoms reflecting progression of disease involving the neck, posterior cranial fossa, and lung. Adjuvant chemotherapy was planned, but the patient succumbed to his disease prior to initiation of further therapy.

Conclusion CIC-DUX4 sarcomas are uncommon and can progress rapidly. Diagnosis requires either fluorescence in situ hybridization or next-generation sequencing. Due to its rarity, there is no standard-of-care treatment for this tumor and further investigations are needed to understand disease behavior and develop targeted therapeutic modalities.
Microsurgical Debridement for Persistent Ulcers Due to Rare Fungus Infection: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tsui Yu-Wen , Tsai Chia-Yu , Chen Hung-Chi
Published: September 2023

A patient suffered from chronic ulcer due to recalcitrant fungal infection for 3.5 years. Five antifungal agents and 40 times of debridement—all failed. Finally, radical microscopic debridement was performed for eradication of fungal conidiospores. Since then, there was no recurrence at 2 years of follow-up. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is one of the rarest pathogens of cutaneous fungal infections, for which multidrug resistance increased the complexity and difficulty of treatment. Radical excision, especially microscopic debridement, was the key for eradication of fungal conidiospores in this case.
Posttraumatic Scrotal Reconstruction with a Pedicled “Extended” Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Sisternas Hernández Lucía , López Fernández Susana , Zamora Alarcón Paúl D. , Vega García Carmen , Torrano Romero Laura , Fernández Garrido Manuel
Published: September 2023

The superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) perforator (SCIP) flap has been used for scrotal reconstruction after Fournier's gangrene, skin cancer, or infections. However, there are few publications with regard to penoscrotal reconstruction after a traumatic injury with this flap. In this article, we propose a new SCIP flap variation, the “extended” or “direct” SCIP flap, to effectively reconstruct a wide scrotal defect after a traumatic injury. The “extended” SCIP flap is designed medial and cranial to the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) using the superficial branch of the SCIA as the main pedicle.
The “Swing-Door” Regrafting of Donor Site: An Alternative Method for Split-Thickness Skin Graft in the Hand
Authors: Kim Jin Soo , Park Chan Ju , Koh Sung Hoon , Lee Dong Chul , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: September 2023

Background Skin defects in the hands are common injuries, and autologous skin grafting is the ideal treatment. However, complications can occur at the donor and recipient sites. This study compares the “Swing-door” technique with conventional skin grafting.

Methods From August 2019 to February 2023, 19 patients with skin defects of hand underwent the “Swing-door” split-thickness skin graft (STSG) technique. The thin epithelial layer was elevated with proximal part attached. Skin graft was harvested beneath. Donor site was then closed with epithelial flap like a “Swing-door”. The outcomes were evaluated in terms of healing time, scar formation, and pain at the donor and recipient sites. The data were compared with the conventional STSG.

Results The “Swing-door” group had lower graft take percentages, but complications did not significantly differ between the two groups. The “Swing-door” technique resulted in better cosmetic outcomes, as evidenced by lower Vancouver Scar Scale scores, faster donor site epithelialization, and reduced pain and discomfort during the early postoperative period, as measured by Visual Analog Scale.

Conclusion The “Swing-door” STSG is a useful alternative for treating hand skin defects.
Half-Sandwich d6-Metal (CoIII, RhIII, IrIII, RuII)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C–H Activation
Authors: Qian Pu-Fan , Li Jun-Yi , Zhou Yi-Bo , Zhou Tao , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: September 2023

Transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective C–H activation provides a straightforward strategy to synthesize chiral molecules from readily available sources. In this graphical review, we summarize the progress on half-sandwich d6-metal (CoIII, RhIII, IrIII, RuII)-catalyzed enantioselective C–H functionalization reactions. The review is categorized according to the type of metal catalyst and chiral ligand employed. Representative enantio-determining models and catalytic cycles are presented.
Age Group-Specific Improvement of Vertebral Scoliosis after the Surgical Release of Congenital Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Choi Jong Min , Seol Seong Hoon , Kim Jae Hyun , Chung Chan Min , Park Myong Chul
Published: September 2023

Background Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in children. Secondary scoliosis can occur in patients with CMT; however, the extent of inclination and improvement of scoliosis after surgical correction of CMT have not been adequately studied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and measure the improvement in vertebral tilting after surgical correction according to age at the time of surgery.

Methods Between June 2007 and January 2020, 831 patients with CMT underwent sternocleidomastoid release. Among them, 426 patients were enrolled, and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Ultimately, 210 patients available for radiological evaluation and analysis were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to age at the time of surgery to determine the relationship between age and changes in scoliosis.

Results Our findings showed an improvement in scoliosis in all age groups after surgery. The results for follow-up after 1 year confirmed long-term improvement in vertebral tilting. The degree of improvement in scoliosis was significantly higher in the younger age group than in patients aged 18 years or older.

Conclusion The effect of surgical release on scoliosis was significant in all age groups. The findings of this study suggest that CMT should be corrected before the age of 3 years to ensure an optimal surgical mitigation of scoliosis. Furthermore, in cases of neglected CMT, surgical release should be actively attempted because there is significant improvement.
Effect of Previous INR Control during VKA Therapy on Subsequent DOAC Adherence and Persistence, in Patients Switched from VKA to DOAC
Authors: Elling Tessa , Hak Eelko , Bos Jens H. , Tichelaar Vladimir Y. I. G. , Veeger Nic J. G. M. , Meijer Karina
Published: September 2023

Introduction Current guideline suggests a switch from vitamin K antagonist (VKA) to direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) in patients with low time in therapeutic range (TTR < 70%). Poor international normalized ratio (INR) control may be the result of poor compliance, and might therefore be associated with subsequent DOAC intake. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of previous TTR and other measures of INR control on DOAC nonadherence and nonpersistence, in patients who switched from VKA to DOAC.

Methods A total of 437 patients who switched from VKA to DOAC between 2012 and 2019 were included using data from Certe Thrombosis Service, IADB.nl pharmacy community database University Groningen, and Statistics Netherlands. DOAC prescriptions were used to determine nonadherence and nonpersistence. INR control (i.e., TTR, time under therapeutic range [TUR], and INR variability) was assessed during the last 180 days of VKA use. Multivariable regression models were applied to determine the association between INR control and DOAC nonpersistence/nonadherence.

Results On VKA, 67.7% of the patients had a TTR below 70%. DOAC nonpersistence was 39.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.4–45.5%) during a median follow-up of 34.4 months (interquartile range: 19.1–49.2). Approximately 80% of persistent patients were DOAC-adherent. Low TTR was not associated with DOAC nonpersistence (hazard ratio: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.69–1.87) and DOAC nonadherence (odds ratio: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.67–2.84), nor were TUR and INR variability.

Conclusion Previous INR control during VKA therapy is not associated with subsequent DOAC nonadherence and nonpersistence. This study suggests that INR control on VKA cannot, and therefore should not, be used for predicting DOAC adherence or persistence.
Heteroatom-Embedding Annulative π-Extension (Hetero-APEX) Reactions: An Overview
Authors: Ito Hideto , Itami Kenichiro , Kawahara Kou P.
Published: September 2023

Heteroatom-embedded polycyclic aromatic compounds (hetero-PACs) are a class of organic compounds contributing to a variety of research fields such as materials science, chemical biology, and so on. For applications using hetero-PACs, efficient preparation of hetero-PACs is essential. In particular, reactions transforming unfunctionalized aromatic compounds into hetero-PACs using appropriate heteroatom-containing aromatic compounds (π-extending agents) represent the most ideal way to prepare hetero-PACs. In this review, such heteroatom-embedding annulative π-extension (hetero-APEX) reactions, including their reaction mechanisms and scope of substrates, are described.

1 Introduction

2 Oxa-APEX Reactions

3 Aza-APEX Reactions

4 Thia-APEX Reactions

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Adverse Allergic Reaction to Intrathecally Administered Technetium-99m Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetate: A Case Report
Authors: Nair Ahalya , Poolpandian Guneshwaran , Dhayalan Kabilash , Saibaba Jayaram
Published: September 2023

Intrathecal administration of radiopharmaceuticals is an infrequently performed procedure in most nuclear medicine facilities. It is possible that adverse allergic reactions following the intrathecal administration of radiopharmaceuticals often go unreported. Here we present a case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with recurrent bacterial meningitis, who underwent radionuclide cisternography for localization of the site of leak and developed an adverse allergic reaction following the intrathecal administration of technetium-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetate that resolved with appropriate treatment. Imaging, however, could be carried out to our satisfaction and the allergic reaction did not interfere with, or result in discontinuation of the scan procedure.
Initial Experience of 18F-FET PET-MR Image Fusion for Evaluation of Recurrent Primary Brain Tumors
Authors: Dadgar Habibollah , Vafaee Manouchehr Seyedi , Khorasanchi Amirreza , Moghadam Parastoo Kordestani , Nemati Reza , Shooli Hossein , Jafari Esmail , Assadi Majid
Published: September 2023

Background An accurate monitoring technique is crucial in brain tumors to choose the best treatment approach after surgery and/or chemoradiation. Radiological assessment of brain tumors is widely based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality in this regard; however, MRI criteria are unable to precisely differentiate tumoral tissue from treatment-related changes. This study was conducted to evaluate whether fused MRI and O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) positron emission tomography (PET) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the practitioners to discriminate treatment-related changes from true recurrence of brain tumor.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed 18F-FET PET/computed tomography (CT) of 11 patients with histopathologically proven brain tumors that were suspicious for recurrence changes after 3 to 4 months of surgery. All the patients underwent MRI and 18F-FET PET/CT. As a third assessment, fused 18F-FET PET/MRI was also acquired. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy of the applied modalities was compared.

Results Eleven patients aged 27 to 73 years with a mean age of 47 ± 13 years were enrolled. According to the results, 9/11 cases (82%) showed positive MRI and 6 cases (55%) showed positive PET/CT and PET/MRI. Tumoral recurrence was observed in six patients (55%) in the follow-up period. Based on the follow-up results, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 64, 85, 25, 67, and 50%, respectively, for MRI alone and 91, 85, 100, 100, and 80%, respectively, for both PET/CT and PET/MRI.

Conclusion This study found that 18F-FET PET-MR image fusion in the management of brain tumors might improve recurrence detection; however, further well-designed studies are needed to verify these preliminary data.
Impact of Wolfmet Tungsten Alloys as Parallel-Hole Collimator Material on Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Image Quality and Functional Parameters: A Simulating Medical Imaging Nuclear Detectors Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Darami Maryam , Mahmoudian Babak , Ljungberg Michael , Pirayesh Islamian Jalil
Published: September 2023

Objectives Collimators have a significant role in image quality and detectability in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Using an appropriate alloy that effectively absorbs scattered photons, without induced secondary x-rays, and with proper rigidity and weight may provide an effective approach to the image improvement that conventionally collimators made of lead (Pb).

Materials and Methods A Siemens E.CAM SPECT imaging system equipped with low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator was simulated by the Simulating Medical Imaging Nuclear Detectors Monte Carlo program. Experimental and simulated data were compared based on a 2-mm 99mTc point source in an acrylic cylindrical Deluxe phantom (Data Spectrum, Inc). Seven types of tungsten (W) alloys (Wolfmet), with W content from 90 to 97% by weight, were then used as collimator materials of the simulated system. Camera parameters, such as energy- and spatial resolution, image contrast, and collimator-related parameters, such as fraction of septal penetration, scatter-to-primary ratios, and percentage of induced secondary x-rays, due to interactions in the collimator, were evaluated.

Results Acceptable conformity was found for the simulated and experiment systems in terms of energy spectra, 10.113 and 10.140%, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function (PSF) curves, 8.78 and 9.06 mm, sensitivity, 78.46 and 78.34 cps/MBq, and contrast in images of 19.1 mm cold spheres in the Deluxe phantom, 79.17 and 78.97%, respectively. Results on the parameters of the simulated system with LEHR collimator made from the alloys showed that the alloy consisting of 90% W, 6% nickel, and 4% copper provided an FWHM of 8.76 mm, resulting in a 0.2% improvement in spatial resolution. Furthermore, all the Wolfmet collimators showed a 48% reduction in the amount of X-rays production compared to the Pb.

Conclusion A Wolfmet LEHR collimator, made by a combination of W (90%), Ni (6%), and Cu (6%) provides a better image quality and detectability compared to the Pb.
Monitoring Macro- and Microcirculation in the Critically Ill: A Narrative Review
Authors: Muzaffar Syed Nabeel , Pradhan Akshyaya , Siddiqui Suhail Sarwar , Roy Shubhajeet , Suresh Timil
Published: September 2023

Circulatory shock is a common and important diagnosis in the critical care environment. Hemodynamic monitoring is quintessential in the management of shock. The currently used hemodynamic monitoring devices not only measure cardiac output but also provide data related to the prediction of fluid responsiveness, extravascular lung water, and also pulmonary vascular permeability. Additionally, these devices are minimally invasive and associated with fewer complications. The area of hemodynamic monitoring is progressively evolving with a trend toward the use of minimally invasive devices in this area. The critical care physician should be well-versed with current hemodynamic monitoring limitations and stay updated with the upcoming advances in this field so that optimal therapy can be delivered to patients in circulatory shock.
CYP1B1 and MYOC Gene Analysis of Patients with Primary Congenital Glaucoma in the Cukurova Region of Türkiye
Authors: Akbas Ahsen Cavusoglu , Erdem Elif , Bozdogan Sevcan Tug , Harbiyeli Ibrahim Inan , Yagmur Meltem
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the CYP1B1 and MYOC genes in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) from the Cukurova region (located in the south of Türkiye) and reveal the relationship between gene mutations and clinical severity of the disease. Molecular genetic and clinical study was conducted in 42 eyes of 26 patients who were followed for a diagnosis of PCG. The clinical diagnosis was concluded by ophthalmological examination under general anesthesia or slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, and measurement of the intraocular pressure. A CYP1B1 gene mutation was detected in 12 patients (46.2%). Two of these patients had a combination of CYP1B1 and MYOC mutations. The most common pathogenic variant, c.1405C > T (p.R469W) (n = 5), was present in patients with mutations, and the prognosis was poor compared with other modifications (p = 0.014). The second most common variant was c.3987G > A (p.G61E) (n = 3), which was associated with a good prognosis. The incidence of buphthalmos and the mean horizontal corneal diameter were higher in patients with mutations in the CYP1B1 and MYOC genes. All parents were found to be carriers of the mutation gene. This is the report on molecular genetic analysis of PCG in the southern region of Türkiye. Some specific genetic variants may have an effect on the prognosis of the disease. However, patients without mutations in these case groups may have mutations in genes yet to be identified.
Knowledge of Dental Students about Erythroplakia as an Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder
Authors: Anggarista Kelvin Alfan Nola , Datau Meysinta A. , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Radithia Desiana , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro
Published: September 2023

Background Erythroplakia is a rare oral potentially malignant disease (OPMD) lesion with prevalence ranging from 0.02 to 0.83%, but it has a higher possibility of malignant transformation, ranging from 14 to 50%. Early detection is crucial for better patient prognosis, but it is challenging for preclinical and clinical dental students to recognize erythroplakia.

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of dental students about erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion based on their academic level.

Methods This analytical cross-sectional study used a simple randomized sampling design. Data were cross-tabulated to describe the knowledge of erythroplakia.

Results In total, 167 respondents completed the questionnaire, with the majority of 130 (77.84%) being females and 65 (38.92%) were older than 21 years. The majority of respondents, 122 (73.05%), had moderate knowledge, while 31 (18.57%) had poor knowledge and 14 (8.38%) had good knowledge of erythroplakia in terms of etiology, predisposition factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Conclusion Most of the dental students included in the study had intermediate level of knowledge of erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion.
Fabrication and characterization of heavily doped n-type GaAs for mid-infrared plasmonics
Authors: Duan Juanmei , Liedke Maciej O. , Dawidowski Wojciech , Li Rang , Butterling Maik , Hirschmann Eric , Wagner Andreas , Wang Mao , Young Lawrence Boyu , Lin Yen-Hsun Glen , Hong Minghwei , Helm Manfred , Zhou Shengqiang , Prucnal Slawomir
Published: September 2023

N-type doping in GaAs is a self-limited process, rarely exceeding a carrier concentration level of 1019 cm−3. Here, we investigated the effect of intense pulsed light melting on defect distribution and activation efficiency in chalcogenide-implanted GaAs by means of positron annihilation spectroscopy and electrochemical capacitance–voltage techniques. In chalcogenide-doped GaAs, donor–vacancy clusters are mainly responsible for donor deactivation. Using positrons as a probe of atomic scale open volumes and DFT calculations, we have shown that after nanosecond pulsed light melting the main defects in heavily doped GaAs are gallium vacancies decorated with chalcogenide atoms substituting As, like VGa–nTeAs or VGa–nSAs. The distribution of defects and carriers in annealed GaAs follows the depth distribution of implanted elements before annealing and depends on the change in the solidification velocity during recrystallization.
Origin of residual strain in heteroepitaxial films
Authors: Postelnicu Eveline , Wen Rui-Tao , Ma Danhao , Wang Baoming , Wada Kazumi , Michel Jurgen , Kimerling Lionel C.
Published: September 2023

Heterogeneous integration of diverse materials structures is critical to the scaling of electronic and photonic integrated circuits. For a model system of Ge-on-Si, we experimentally examine the roles of lattice misfit and thermal expansion misfit in determining the residual strain in as-grown and annealed heteroepitaxial films. We present data for Ge-on-Si growth from 400 to 730 °C followed by heat treatment from 500–900 °C. We show that strain fluctuations of 5.02% enable misfit dislocation formation, and we propose a comprehensive model for the conversion of compressive misfit strain to tensile elastic strain. The model is expressed in terms of three regimes: (1) misfit control for the low temperature growth regime at 400 °C; (2) point defect control via annealing in the point defect recovery regime at 500–650 °C; and (3) thermal expansion control for growth or anneal at T > 650 °C in the dislocation recovery regime. Growth from 400 to 730 °C exhibits near complete misfit strain relief by misfit dislocations leaving a consistent residual compressive strain of 0.09%. Growth at 400 °C followed by post growth heat treatment at 600 °C results in vertical threading dislocation density reduction via a point defect-mediated climb mechanism that gives minimal strain relief. Anneal above 650 °C promotes strain relief by dislocation glide. Temperature excursions at T > 730 °C followed by cooling to room temperature yield plastic strain in the Ge film that cannot be further relieved by thermal expansion misfit accommodation. Growth at 400–730 °C retains a residual compressive strain that represents the nucleation threshold for misfit dislocations.
Broadband high-efficiency acoustic vortices via a topology-optimized space-coiling-cavity metasurface
Authors: Fan Shi-Wang , Wang Wen-Qi , Dong Hao-Wen , Liu Jinxi , Qi Hao-Bo , Wang Yue-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Acoustic vortices carrying orbital angular momentum are significant in wave-matter interactions, allowing for versatile devices with promising applications. However, current metasurface-based vortex generators have limited bandwidth, operating within a narrow frequency range. Here, we propose a broadband acoustic metasurface with four space-coiling-cavity units through the bottom-up topology optimization. These units have constant phase differences with high-efficiency transmission (>0.8) over a desired frequency range [3.0, 4.0] kHz, indicating the unique wideband vortex response of their assembled metasurfaces. Our simulations and experiments further demonstrate this excellent performance. This breakthrough in broadband vortices allows for the development of devices like acoustic tweezers, antennas, and spanners.
Experimental study of the transport characteristics of fractional-order vortex beams in a turbulent atmosphere simulator
Authors: Xu Xiang , Qian Xian-mei , Luo Chuan-kai , Chen Xiao-wei , Cui Chao-long , Zhu Wen-yue
Published: September 2023

Fractional vortex beams have attracted increasing attention due to their complex yet intriguing physical properties, such as radial notch intensity distribution and higher degrees of modulation in orbital angular momentum. In this study, we experimentally investigated and compared the beam spread and beam wander characteristics of fractional-order vortex beams with those of integer-order vortex beams after passing through a turbulent atmosphere simulator with varying turbulence intensities. Our results revealed that the beam spread of both fractional-order and integer-order vortex beams increased in a stepwise manner with the topological charge number, indicating that a larger topological charge number resulted in more severe beam spread. Interestingly, we observed that the beam radius of fractional-order vortex beams between two adjacent integer orders initially grew slowly and then rapidly before finally stabilizing into a curvilinear growth trend. This is in contrast to the linear growth trend exhibited by the beam radius of integer-order vortex beams. Furthermore, we found that the growth of the beam radius of half-integer-order vortex beams followed the linear growth trend of the beam radius of integer-order vortex beams. When the integer part of the topological charge was fixed, we observed that stronger turbulence resulted in more severe beam wander for both integer-order and fractional-order vortex beams, with the variance of the center-of-mass drift following the same growth curve. However, when the turbulence intensity is constant, both integer-order and fractional-order vortex beams exhibit a weaker beam wander effect with increasing topological charge. Our findings may provide valuable insights for applications such as optical communication and optical measurement using fractional-order vortex beams.
Effects of the direction of rotation axis on turbulent flows in rectangular ducts
Authors: Dai Yi-Jun
Published: September 2023

The effects of the direction of rotation axis on flows in rectangular ducts are studied using direct numerical simulation. The rotation axis lies in the cross section of the duct. The angle of the rotation axis relative to the bottom edge of the cross section is altered from 0° to 90°. A series of cases are considered, including three Reynolds numbers Reτ = 300, 454, and 900, three rotation numbers Roτ = 2, 4, and 8, and two cross-sectional aspect ratios ar = 1.0 and 2.0. The results show that as the angle increases, the bulk velocity remains almost constant in the square duct while it decreases monotonically in the duct with ar = 2.0. When the angle increases from 0° to 45°, turbulence is significantly or even completely suppressed, while the secondary flow is gradually enhanced. Furthermore, with the same rotation number, turbulence is more strongly suppressed at a lower Reynolds number. As the angle further increases from 45° to 90° in the cases with ar = 2.0, the intensity of turbulence is recovered to some extent and the secondary flow gradually weakens. With the angle increasing from 0°, the Ekman layer is formed above the pressure wall and gradually strengthens, resulting in a drastic wall-normal variation of the mean flow direction and a tilting of the low-speed streaks near the wall, which may cause the weakening of the turbulence. In addition, in the flow fields where turbulence is severely suppressed, periodic structures are observed in the corner of the duct, which needs further study.
Interatomic and intermolecular Coulombic decay rates from equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with complex basis functions
Authors: Parravicini Valentina , Jagau Thomas-C.
Published: September 2023

When a vacancy is created in an inner-valence orbital of a dimer of atoms or molecules, the resulting species can undergo interatomic/intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD): the hole is filled through a relaxation process that leads to a doubly ionized cluster with two positively charged atoms or molecules. Since they are subject to electronic decay, inner-valence ionized states are not bound states but electronic resonances whose transient nature can only be described with special quantum-chemical methods. In this work, we explore the capacity of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with two techniques from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, complex basis functions and Feshbach–Fano projection with a plane wave description of the outgoing electron, to describe ICD. To this end, we compute the decay rates of several dimers: Ne2, NeAr, NeMg, and (HF)2, among which the energy of the outgoing electron varies between 0.3 and 16 eV. We observe that both methods deliver better results when the outgoing electron is fast, but the characteristic R−6 distance dependence of the ICD width is captured much better with complex basis functions.