bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of COVID-19 quarantine on cognitive, functional and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Vernuccio Laura , Sarà Davide , Inzerillo Florenza , Catanese Giuseppina , Catania Angela , Vesco Miriam , Cacioppo Federica , Dominguez Ligia J. , Veronese Nicola , Barbagallo Mario
Published: March 2022

Background

During the last two years, COVID-19 affected older people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but conflicting and sparse results are still present. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of changes in functional, cognitive and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and caregiver’s stress during the period of quarantine in 2020 in patients affected by dementia/MCI living in Palermo, Sicily.

Methods

Outpatients affected by MCI/dementia were evaluated before and after COVID-19 quarantine. Functional status was investigated using basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL); cognitive performance with the mini-mental state examination; BPSD through the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). All scales were reported as pre/post-COVID-19 quarantine and a logistic regression analysis was performed for investigating the factors associated with worsening in NPI in patients and their caregivers.

Results

One hundred patients (mean age 77.1; females = 59%) were evaluated over a median of 10 months. In the sample as whole, a significant decline in functional and cognitive status was observed (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). The NPI significantly increased by 3.56 ± 8.96 points after the COVID-19 quarantine (p < 0.0001), while the caregivers’ stress increased by 1.39 ± 3.46 points between the two evaluations (p < 0.0001). The decline was more evident in people with milder dementia. Higher values of instrumental ADL at baseline were associated with a significant lower worsening in NPI and caregiver’s stress.

Conclusions

COVID-19 quarantine negatively affected functional, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people affected by dementia/MCI, highlighting the impact of COVID-19 quarantine for this population.
Differences in cardiometabolic risk profiles between Chinese and Finnish older adults with glucose impairment and central obesity
Authors: Le S. , Zhang Y. , Voutilainen A. , Tan X. , Laukkanen J. , Wang C. , Cheng S.
Published: March 2022

Background

Obesity and ethnicity play important roles in cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to compare cardiometabolic risk profiles between Chinese and Finnish older adults of central obesity with prediabetes or T2DM.

Methods

Study subjects were 60–74 years old and originated from two population samples. The Finnish subjects came from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease (KIHD) study (n = 1089), and the Chinese subjects came from the Shanghai High-risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) study (n = 818). The KIHD and SHiDS studies used similar questionnaires to determine participants’ baseline characteristics regarding the history of medication use and diseases and lifestyle factors. All study subjects participated in glucose tolerance tests and anthropometry assessments, including waist circumference measurements.

Results

Among study subjects of central obesity with prediabetes (n = 298), fasting and 2-h glucose, and fasting insulin and insulin resistance were significantly higher in Chinese than in Finnish (p < 0.0001–0.016). In addition, triglyceride (TG) level was higher and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and LDL to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio were lower in Chinese than in Finnish (p < 0.0001–0.003). Among subjects of central obesity with T2DM (n = 251), Chinese subjects had significantly less proportions of antihypertensive, glycaemic control medication, and statin users as well as lower level of physical activity (p < 0.0001 for all), while higher blood pressure (p = 0.002 for systolic blood pressure and p < 0.0001 for diastolic blood pressure), TG levels (p < 0.05) and HDL (p = 0.002) than the Finnish counterparts. There were no differences in β-cell function (HOMA-β) between Chinese and Finnish both in prediabetes and T2DM.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that Chinese and Finnish older adults of central obesity with prediabetes and T2DM had similar β-cell function. However, Chinese individuals with prediabetes are prone to insulin resistance. Meanwhile, lipid metabolism dysfunction is also different between Chinese and Finnish. Chinese older adults of central obesity with prediabetes showed higher TG, but Finnish showed higher LDL and LDL/HDL. Strategic for T2DM prevention and treatment should be ethnically specific.
Comparing attribute-based and memory-based preferential choice
Authors: Jarecki Jana B. , Rieskamp Jörg
Published: March 2022

Common theories of multiattribute preferential choice predict that people choose options that have on average better attribute values than alternative options. However, following an alternative memory-based view on preferences people might sometimes prefer options that are more similar to memorized options that were experienced positively in the past. In two incentivized preferential choice experiments (N =32,N =28), we empirically compare these theoretical accounts, finding support for the memory-based value theory. Computational modeling using predictive model comparison showed that only a few participants could be described by a model that uses sums of subjectively weighted attribute values when experience was available. Most participants’ choices resembled the predictions of the memory-based model, according to which preferences are based on the similarity between novel and old memorized options. Further, people whose experience consisted of direct sensory exposure, like tasting a portion of food, were also those with higher likelihoods of a memory-based process, compared to people whose exposure was indirect. These results highlight the central role of memory and experience in preferential choices and add to the growing evidence for memory and similarity-based processes in the domain of human preferences.
Comprehensive characterization of mechanical and physical properties of PLA structures printed by FFF-3D-printing process in different directions
Authors: Morettini Giulia , Palmieri Massimiliano , Capponi Lorenzo , Landi Luca
Published: March 2022

The industrial interest in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques is currently increasing for the realization of functional mechanical components. For this reason, the structural simulation of parts or complete structures made using this new manufacturing technique is gaining considerable importance. To realise accurate finite element models for the purpose of predicting the dynamic or static behaviour of the component printed and avoid unexpected failures, it is necessary to be aware of some mechanical and physical properties of the print material. Unfortunately, in the literature, it is very difficult to find all the data necessary to perform static or dynamic simulations of 3D printed parts. In this context, this activity aims to determine all these mechanical and physical properties for parts made in White-Pearl Polylactic-acid (PLA) Ultimaker filament using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique. A set of printing parameters was chosen and kept constant in all tests which, based on literature data, maximizes the static strength and the fatigue limit of the component. Only the building direction was varied to increase the applicability of the obtained results to any geometry. The main results found for the horizontally moulded specimens (representing the best constructive solution) are the Ultimate Tensile Strength equal to 57.15 MPa, the elastic modulus 2606 MPa, the fatigue limit evaluated at $$2 \times 10^{6}$$

2
×

10
6

cycles equal to 13.5 MPa, the damping and density of the material of 0.008 dimensionless value and 1.1246 g/cm3, respectively. Only thanks to the obtained results, finite element models can be developed for reliable static and dynamic analysis.
Antisemitismus in Berlin. Verbreitung, Gründe, Erfahrungen, Folgen und Umgangsweisen in der Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Pickel Gert , Tzschiesche Selana , Reimer-Gordinskaya Katrin , Decker Oliver
Published: March 2022

Antisemitismus ist ein gesellschaftliches Problem, welches gerade in jüngerer Zeit wieder eine verstärkte Öffentlichkeit erfahren hat. Dabei darf die berechtigte Empörung über antisemitische Anschläge nicht über Alltagsantisemitismus und Defizite in der Solidarität mit Jüd:innen hinwegtäuschen. Im Beitrag werden die Existenz von antisemitischen Ressentiments in der Berliner Bevölkerung und ihre Auswirkungen auf die jüdische Community mithilfe eines triangulativen Ansatzes aus Bevölkerungsbefragung und Aktivierender Befragung untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich eine Präsenz unterschiedlicher Formen antisemitischer Ressentiments, welche auch in Berlin sowohl manifest als auch latent existieren. Der durch unterschiedliche soziale Gruppen getragene differenzierte Antisemitismus wirkt sich dabei massiv auf Jüd:innen in Berlin aus. Zum einen durch starke Erfahrungen von Besonderung und Bedrohung, zum anderen durch ein Fehlen von Sichtbarkeit und Solidarität. Dabei erweist sich Berlin aufgrund seiner pluralen Stadtgesellschaft als weniger für Antisemitismus offen, was aber keineswegs ein Verschwinden antisemitischer Ressentiments oder von Exklusionspraxen gegenüber Jüd:innen bedeutet.
Computational Tools and Resources for CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing
Authors: Li Chao , Chu Wen , Gill Rafaqat Ali , Sang Shifei , Shi Yuqin , Hu Xuezhi , Yang Yuting , Zaman Qamar U. , Zhang Baohong
Published: March 2022

The past decade has witnessed a rapid evolution in identifying more versatile clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) nucleases and their functional variants, as well as in developing precise CRISPR/Cas-derived genome editors. The programmable and robust features of the genome editors provide an effective RNA-guided platform for fundamental life science research and subsequent applications in diverse scenarios, including biomedical innovation and targeted crop improvement. One of the most essential principles is to guide alterations in genomic sequences or genes in the intended manner without undesired off-target impacts, which strongly depends on the efficiency and specificity of single guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed recognition of targeted DNA sequences. Recent advances in empirical scoring algorithms and machine learning models have facilitated sgRNA design and off-target prediction. In this review, we first briefly introduce the different features of CRISPR/Cas tools that should be taken into consideration to achieve specific purposes. Secondly, we focus on the computer-assisted tools and resources that are widely used in designing sgRNAs and analyzing CRISPR/Cas-induced on- and off-target mutations. Thirdly, we provide insights into the limitations of available computational tools that would help researchers of this field for further optimization. Lastly, we suggest a simple but effective workflow for choosing and applying web-based resources and tools for CRISPR/Cas genome editing.
Are Radial Pressure Waves Effective for the Treatment of Moderate or Mild to Moderate Erectile Dysfunction? A Randomized Sham Therapy Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sandoval-Salinas Carolina , Saffon José P. , Martínez Juan M. , Corredor Hector A. , Gallego Andrés
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Radial wave therapy is commercialized as an option for the management of erectile dysfunction. However, the mechanism of action of the radial waves differs substantially from shock waves, so the evidence gathered for shock wave therapy cannot be extrapolated, and there are very few clinical trials with the radial wave.

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of radial wave therapy compared with sham therapy for the treatment of moderate and mild to moderate erectile dysfunction.

Methods

A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was realized. Eighty patients with moderate erectile dysfunction, without sickle cell anemia, anticoagulation treatment, comorbidities, or conditions associated with secondary erectile dysfunction were included. The efficacy and safety were assessed at 6 and 10 weeks after randomization. Patients were randomized 1:1 to 1 of 2 arms: (i) 6 weekly sessions of radial wave therapy (RW group) or (ii) 6 weekly sessions of sham therapy (control group). All patients received sildenafil 25 mg.

Outcome

The primary outcome was the mean change in the International Index of Erectile Function - Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) domain score at 6 weeks after randomization.

Results

Eighty men were randomized. The average baseline IIEF-EF score was 16.3 (Standard Deviation - SD 3.2), and the median baseline Erection Hardness Score (EHS) was 3 (IQR 1). At 6 weeks after randomization, the mean change in the IIEF-EF score was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-5.2) in the RW group and 4.2 (95% CI 2.5-5.9) in the control group. No differences were observed between groups (P value =.742). No change was observed in the median EHS score in the evaluations. No serious adverse events occurred in 2 (5%) patients after radial wave therapy, and in 1 (2.5%) patient after sham therapy.

Clinical Implications

Knowledge of the effectiveness of radial waves protocols used for the treatment of moderate erectile dysfunction, helps doctors and patients in making decisions about the use of this therapy.

Strengths & Limitations

One strength is conducting the study with high methodological standards to minimize risk biases. Our results are limited to the evaluation of 1 specific protocol in moderate and mild to moderate erectile dysfunction.

Conclusions

No difference was found in this study between men with moderate and mild to moderate erectile dysfunction treated with radial waves and men treated with placebo sham therapy. Studies with different protocols of radial waves are necessary.
Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Compliance with UK Social Distancing Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Burton Alexandra , McKinlay Alison , Dawes Jo , Roberts Anna , Fynn Wendy , May Tom , Fancourt Daisy
Published: March 2022

When followed, there is evidence that social distancing measures play a major role in reducing the transmission of viruses such as COVID-19. However, not all individuals follow the guidance. We explored barriers and facilitators to compliance with UK social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic through semi-structured interviews with 116 adults. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and themes mapped to the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B). Barriers to compliance included inconsistent rules, caring responsibilities, fatigue, unintended consequences of control measures, and the need for emotional support. Facilitators were informational support and social responsibility. Six themes were both a barrier and a facilitator: lived environment, beliefs about consequences of non-compliance, influence of others, practical support, and trust in government. Reflective motivation, psychological capability, and social opportunity were important drivers for compliance. Measures that enable social support alongside strategies to maintain motivation to comply, provide clear guidance and optimise social cohesion should be promoted.
Challenges of Emergency Medical Teams and Deploying a Field Hospital in the Aftermath of the Beirut Blast: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hamdanieh Lara A. , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad E. , Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas Y. , Soltani Ahmad I.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The huge explosion that occurred at Beirut Port led to a high number of casualties. Consequently, 7 field hospitals (FHs) were deployed in Lebanon. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges that emergency medical teams (EMTs) faced and explain the gaps at the national level related to deploying a FH.

Methods:

A qualitative study was conducted. To collect the data, semi-structured interviews were done with 8 key informants (5 from the FHs, 2 from Lebanese Army Forces, and 1 from Ministry of Public Health). In this study, purposive sampling was used and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis and MAXQDA software.

Results:

Three major themes (logistical challenges, staff challenges, and coronavirus disease [COVID-19] pandemic) and 10 subthemes emerged for the challenges that EMTs faced. The gaps at the national level were categorized into 2 themes (absence of needs-based response and limited effective coordination between the host country and donor countries) and 5 sub-themes.

Conclusion:

Lebanon focuses on response rather than preparedness for disasters. EMTs that arrived didn’t meet the medical needs. Hence, there is a need to strengthen the national capacities and to ensure better communication and coordination between the disaster-affected country and the EMTs.
Latent Profiles of Posttraumatic Growth: 17 years After the Bam Earthquake in Iran
Authors: Amiri Hadis , Rezapour Maysam , Nakhaee Nouzar , Nekoei-Moghadam Mahmoud , Musavi Nasab S.M. Hosein , Shamsi Nezhad Mahboobe , Jahani Yunes
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change after challenging life events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive and long-term psychological changes in people who experienced the Bam earthquake.

Methods:

A total of 916 adolescents were surveyed 17 years after the earthquake. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to extract the subgroups of adults.

Results:

The LPA identified 5 meaningfully profiles that were characterized based on the pattern of PTG dimensions. The common profile was profile, which perceived very low “relating to others” dimension and medium for other PTG dimensions. Also, the results showed significant differences among gender and age and nonsignificant differences in marital status and education level among the profiles of PTG.

Conclusions:

For stressful situations, the different dimensions of PTG change indirectly in every person. In Bam, some patterns are seen according to PTG after 17 y. Among these dimensions, the part of “relating to others”, has the greatest change. Another conclusion is that according to a relatively high profile for 5 clusters, it seems the impact of 17 y should be less on PTG as the number of extractive patterns is approximately high for the case.
The First 15 Minutes: A Novel Disaster Simulation Exercise
Authors: Li Joyce , Kaziny Brent D. , Perron Catherine , Downey Denise , Monuteaux Michael C. , Chung Sarita
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective was to describe a feasible, multidisciplinary pediatric mass casualty event (MCE) simulation format that was less than 2 h within emergency department space and equipment constraints.

Methods:

This was a prospective cohort study of an MCE in situ simulation program from June-October 2019. Participants rotated through 3 modules: (1) triage, (2) caring for a critical patient in an MCE setting, and (3) being in a disaster leadership role. Triage accuracy, knowledge, self-evaluation of preparedness, and MCE skills by means of pre- and post-test surveys were measured. Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test scores and McNemar’s matched pair chi-squared test were performed to evaluate for statistically significant differences.

Results:

Forty-six physicians (MD), 1 physician’s assistant (PA), and 22 nurses participated over 4 simulation d. Among the MD/PA group, there was a statistically significant 7% knowledge increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%-11%). Nurses did not show a statistically significant knowledge difference (0.04, 95% CI, 0.04%, 14%). There was a statistically significant increase in triage and resource use preparedness (P< 0.01) for all participants.

Conclusion:

This efficient, feasible model for a multidisciplinary ED disaster drill provides a multi-modular exposure while improving both MD and PA knowledge and all staff preparedness for MCE.
Satisfaction Guaranteed: Your Choice and the Transnational Distribution of Hardcore Pornography Between the Netherlands and Britain
Authors: Carter Oliver
Published: March 2022

Recently, there has been increasing academic interest in the historical foundations of the pornography business. However, these studies tend to focus on individual national contexts rather than exploring the transnational relationships that exist, or have existed, between these countries. This article considers how a transnational approach can further understandings of entrepreneurship in the pornography business. It suggests the need for an interdisciplinary framework to examine transnational enterprise in the pornography business, combining ideas from enterprise alongside criminology and economic geography to frame the enterprise history of the Netherlands-based company Your Choice. Based in Amsterdam, but run by British entrepreneurs, Your Choice’s activities can be dated back to the 1970s, specializing in the transnational distribution of hardcore pornographic films to customers in Britain, where the sale of such material is legally problematic. Drawing on ethnohistorical research, which includes primary interviews, workplace observation, and archival and doctrinal research, I use Your Choice as a case study to show how transnational entrepreneurship in the pornography business can create opportunities as well as help to manipulate restrictive laws and regulations. I also suggest that negotiating such legalities carries risk, as does the need to respond and adapt to ongoing shifts in the market.
Topological structure of the sum of two homogeneous Cantor sets
Authors: POURBARAT MEHDI
Published: March 2022

We show that in the context of homogeneous Cantor sets, there are generically five possible (open and dense) structures for their arithmetic sum: a Cantor set, an L, R, M-Cantorval and a finite union of closed intervals. The dense case has been dealt with previously. In this paper, we explicitly present pairs of this space which have stable intersection, while not satisfying the generalized thickness test. Also, all the pairs of middle homogeneous Cantor sets whose arithmetic sum is a closed interval are identified.
The Social Bases of Populist Domination: Market Reforms and Popular Reactions in Latin America and Post-Communist Europe
Authors: Binev Binio S.
Published: March 2022

This article explains why only some post-neoliberal populists successfully keep themselves in power, thereby dominating political systems over the long term. Based on cross-regional dual paired comparisons of ‘crucial’ cases in the Andes and Central Europe, it advances a theory emphasizing societal reactions rooted in prior neoliberal critical junctures. I argue that where well-established and programmatic social democratic parties engaged in bait-and-switch reforms, subsequent populists mobilized extensive electoral coalitions with core support from former leftist constituents, based on which they built organizational capacities for the provision of national public goods that reinforced their popularity over the long term. By contrast, where personalistic leaders politicized regionally based divides through identity-priming appeals and then disproportionately hurt core supporters through bait-and-switch reforms, subsequent populists mobilized more segmented electoral coalitions, built less cohesive parties and provided limited public goods, which undermined their popularity as incumbents. By underscoring parallels in two different world regions, the article challenges institutionalist accounts of populist domination and offers a novel societally focused perspective.
Implications of inertial subrange scaling for stably stratified mixing
Authors: Portwood G.D. , de Bruyn Kops S.M. , Caulfield C.P.
Published: March 2022

We investigate the effects of the turbulent dynamic range on active scalar mixing in stably stratified turbulence by adapting the theoretical passive scalar modelling arguments of Beguier, Dekeyser & Launder (1978) (Phys. Fluids, vol. 21 (3), pp. 307–310) and demonstrating their usefulness through consideration of the results of direct numerical simulations of statistically stationary homogeneous stratified and sheared turbulence. By analysis of inertial and inertial–convective subrange scalings, we show that the relationship between the active scalar and turbulence time scales is predicted by the ratio of the Kolmogorov and Obukhov–Corrsin constants, provided mean flow parameters permit the two subrange scalings to be appropriate approximations. We use the resulting relationship between time scales to parameterise an appropriate turbulent mixing coefficient

$\varGamma \equiv \chi /\epsilon$

, defined here as the ratio of available potential energy (

$E_p$

) and turbulent kinetic energy (

$E_k$

) dissipation rates. With the analysis presented here, we show that

$\varGamma$

can be estimated by

$E_p,E_k$

and a universal constant provided an appropriate Reynolds number is sufficiently high. This large Reynolds number regime appears here to occur at

$ {{Re_b}} \equiv \epsilon / \nu N^{2} \gtrapprox 300$

where

$\nu$

is the kinematic viscosity and

$N$

is the characteristic buoyancy frequency. We propose a model framework for irreversible diapycnal mixing with robust theoretical parametrisation and asymptotic behaviour in this high-

$ {{Re_b}}$

limit.
Caribou crossings: the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, conservation, and stakeholdership in the Anthropocene
Authors: Schleper Simone
Published: March 2022

This article engages with notions of conservation in the Anthropocene from a history-of-science perspective. It does so by looking at an iconic case of infrastructure development that since the 1970s continues to cause controversies amongst wildlife experts: the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). I examine how, from the 1970s onwards, the TAPS functioned as an experimental device for ecologists to test the adaptability of migratory caribou to changed environments and their dependency on unaltered ranges. Based on archival research, published reports and interviews, I show that arguments about animal learning, despite assigning a more active role to caribou in the conservation process, did not result in more inclusive forms of development that respected ecological processes and the various stakes of the caribou. In fact, a focus on caribou crossings as an easily observable, yet sole, indicator of the pipeline's impact resulted in a simplified representation of environmental relationships, that was used by the oil industry to argue for additional extraction projects. Arguments based on the material interdependencies of caribou with their environment, though seemingly similar to traditional arguments about range preservation, emerged as part of conservationists’ attempts to account for the ecological stakes of caribou, other animals and people.
The efficacy of grapheme-phoneme correspondence instruction in reducing the effect of orthographic forms on second language phonology
Authors: Bassetti Bene , Cerni Tania , Masterson Jackie
Published: March 2022

The orthographic forms (spellings) of second language (L2) words and sounds affect the pronunciation and awareness of L2 sounds, even after lengthy naturalistic exposure. This study investigated whether instruction could reduce the effects of English orthographic forms on Italian native speakers’ pronunciation and awareness of L2 English sounds. Italians perceive, produce, and judge the same sound as a short sound if it is spelled with one letter and as a long sound if it is spelled with a digraph, due to L1 Italian grapheme-phoneme correspondence (GPC) rules whereby double consonant letters represent long consonants. Totally, 100 Italian learners of English were allocated to two conditions (finaln= 88). The participants in the explicit GPC (EGPC) condition discovered English GPC rules relating to sound length through reflection, explicit teaching, and practice; the participants in the passive exposure condition practiced the same words as the EGPC participants, but with no mention of GPCs. Pre- and postintervention production (delayed word repetition) and phonological awareness (rhyme judgment) tasks revealed no positive effects of the instruction. GPC instruction appears to be ineffective in reducing orthographic effects on L2 phonology. Orthographic effects may be impervious to change, whether by naturalistic exposure or by instruction.
Pathways to socialisation: China, Russia, and competitive norm socialisation in a changing global order
Authors: Kobayashi Kazushige , Krause Keith , Yuan Xinyu
Published: March 2022

This article problematises the status quo bias in IR socialisation research, and develops an alternative concept of competitive socialisation, through which subaltern actors internalise dominant norms, enhance their competitive edge, and enact more equalised power relations in global politics. The dominant strand of IR socialisation research mostly conceives of socialisation as a status-quo-oriented practice that reinforces the existing power hierarchy, such as teacher-student relationship. This has resulted in a one-sided theory neglecting the importance of proactive and self-directed socialisation efforts embarked upon by subaltern actors themselves. Based on an alternative sociological approach that defines socialisation as a practice of self-enhancement, this article develops the concept of competitive socialisation and articulates alternative pathways to the internalisation of dominant norms. It applies this framework to the cases of Chinese socialisation into the peacekeeping community, and Russia's socialisation into the multilateral development community. These case studies demonstrate that the holistic internalisation of dominant Western norms has enabled Beijing and Moscow to challenge the existing global power hierarchy. This, in turn, resulted in fundamental changes in their behaviours from initial norm rejection, to passive acceptance, and finally to active learning and norm internalisation.
Avifaunal feeding guilds’ response to landscape compositional heterogeneity and their drivers in forest mosaic, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Ahmed Tanveer , Khan Afifullah
Published: March 2022

The positive association between landscape compositional heterogeneity and avian species richness is widely accepted, however, birds of different feeding guilds are expected to respond differently because of diverse resource utilisation patterns and ecological tolerance. In the present study, we assessed the response of avian species and avifaunal feeding guilds to landscape compositional heterogeneity and factors associated with their richness. Bird richness and landscape variables, edge density, landscape diversity, and area of land cover types were evaluated at 30 sampling sites in the Terai-Arc landscape of Uttarakhand, India. Univariate regression was performed to investigate the response of birds and various feeding guilds to landscape compositional heterogeneity. Average weighted models of most parsimonious generalised linear regression models (<Δ 2AICc) were developed for various feeding guilds to identify significant predictors of species richness. The richness of overall birds and most feeding guilds, except piscivores and frugivores, responded positively to landscape compositional heterogeneity at variable spatial scales. The scale of effect was largest for carnivore (1.5 km), followed by granivore (1 km), insectivore (0.75 km), and frugi-insectivore, nectarivore, and omnivore (0.5 km). Overall bird species richness was positively associated with landscape diversity, teak plantation, and Sal-mixed forest. The average-weighted models identified edge density and dry riverine forest for frugi-insectivore, barren land and water body for the carnivore, teak plantation, Sal-mixed forest and dry-riverine forest for insectivore, edge density, human habitation/agriculture, teak plantation, barren land and scrubland for granivore, human habitation/agriculture for omnivore and waterbodies for piscivore and frugivore guilds as the significant drivers of species richness. The study concludes that the response to landscape compositional heterogeneity differs among feeding guilds and varies with the spatial scale of analysis. The results of our study are expected to serve as a reference for future studies, exploring the landscape relationship to the avian community in similar environmental conditions.
Hi/H∞-optimised fault detection for a surface vessel integrated navigation system
Authors: Guo Muzhuang , Guo Chen , Zhang Chuang
Published: March 2022

Strapdown inertial navigation systems are widely used in surface ships and warships. Although high-precision optical fibre inertial navigation systems are available, they have high cost and limited practicality. Therefore, they cannot replace the traditional platform inertial navigation systems in all ships. Hence, microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based inertial sensors are widely used for robust navigation. Accurate and timely identification of sensor faults while ensuring stable navigation is a challenging task. This paper proposes a robust fault detection (FD) approach for a low-cost system that loosely integrates a strapdown inertial navigation system and the global navigation satellite system, where the integrated navigation state estimation provides high-accuracy output. A cubature Hi/H∞-optimised FD filter was designed for a nonlinear discrete time-varying system considering sensitivity to faults and robustness to disturbances. Furthermore, a threshold for FD was derived considering a compromise between the false alarm rate and fault diagnosis accuracy. Finally, the proposed method was validated through simulations using multiple noise distribution sensor data generated by a ship-manoeuvring simulator.
Google Trends data reveal a sharp trend: teeth and claws attract more interest than feathers, hooves or fins
Authors: Holmes Branden , Strzelecki Artur , Springer Steffen , Zieger Michael
Published: March 2022

In nature conservation, the generation of public interest, attention or emotions is an important instrument for nature, biotope and species protection; in this, charismatic flagship species play an important role. In the present study, flagship-making affiliation to a taxonomic unit as well as morphological, ecological and conservation traits were identified by analysing vertebrate species from each of the five extant vertebrate classes (Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia and fishes). Google Trends data on the 20 most Googled species of each of the five classes were used, a representation index was derived and the body mass, diet and protection status of these species were analysed. A clear concentration of interest in mammalian species was evident with the help of the introduced representation index. Furthermore, species with a higher body mass were clearly overrepresented in the data. Overall, important patterns in the studied traits were determined: belonging to Mammalia, a large body mass and a carnivorous diet are frequently represented among these species. For conservation purposes, such popular species can be specifically selected as flagship species or ambassadors to help protect entire biomes, which will therefore benefit less charismatic species as well. Possible ways to use traits that are perceived to be flagship-making in order to further the global conservation endeavour are briefly discussed.
J. S. Mill's Anti-Imperialist Defence of Empire
Authors: Beaumont Tim , Li Yuan
Published: March 2022

It is possible to distinguish between empire, as a form of political order, and imperialism, as a process of aggressive expansion. Mill's liberalism allows for a legitimate empire, in which a civilized state rules a less civilized foreign people paternalistically to prepare them for liberal democratic self-rule. However, it rejects paternalistic imperialism, in the sense of aggression designed to establish such an empire. Apparent textual evidence to the contrary really demonstrates Mill's commitment to three distinct theses: that imperialism may benefit those subject to it, and this can mitigate its evil; that it is easier to justify non-aggressive, empire-creating wars of conquest in response to aggression by barbarian powers; and finally, that civilized states are justified in engaging distant uncivilized peoples non-aggressively, even though the latter's aggressive tendencies mean that such engagement renders empire-justifying wars more likely.
Schroeder Hill, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica: Triassic stratigraphy and Sirius Group glacigenic deposits
Authors: Elliot David H. , Collinson James W.
Published: March 2022

The geology of the Schroeder Hill region near the head of the Shackleton Glacier, central Transantarctic Mountains, consists of Triassic Fremouw Formation and overlying Falla Formation strata intruded by Jurassic Ferrar Dolerite sills. At ‘Alfie’s Elbow', south-east of Schroeder Hill, upper Fremouw strata are overlain by Upper Cenozoic Sirius Group deposits. These upper Fremouw beds differ from all other examined upper Fremouw strata in the Shackleton Glacier region in being carbonaceous. Quartz-pebble conglomerate characterizes the basal Falla beds, emphasizing a change in provenance. Sirius Group beds occur as a stratigraphic succession draped on modern topography and as structureless sand wedged in modern microtopography. Fremouw beds locally are arched with the fold axis approximately parallel to regional normal faulting related to the uplift and formation of the Transantarctic Mountains.
Interorganizational Communication at Mass Gatherings: Professionals’ Perceptions during the Planning and Implementation Stage of Marathon Events
Authors: Bistaraki Angeliki , Georgiadis Konstantinos
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Mass gatherings (MGs) often bring together professionals and organizations that collaborate irregularly or have never engaged in joint working. They involve interaction and communication among multiple and diverse services, which can often prove challenging. Planning such an event is of paramount importance for its success, and interorganizational communication ranks among its most important aspects. Nonetheless, there is limited empirical evidence to support interagency communication in MGs.

Objective:

This study used the 2017 Athens Marathon (Athens, Greece) as the empirical setting to examine how interorganizational communication was perceived among the multiple public health and safety professionals during the planning and implementation phase of the event.

Methods:

Data comprised 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observations of meetings and the event itself, and documentary analysis. Open coding and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results:

Findings indicated three key components of interorganizational communication in such an event: (1) shared situational awareness; (2) interorganizational understanding; and (3) implementing liaison officers.

Conclusion:

This study outlined the factors that influenced interorganizational communication before and during a MG. Practical implications arising from this study may inform the way organizers of marathons and other mass sporting events can engage in effective interorganizational communication.
Love me in L1, but hate me in L2: How native speakers and bilinguals rate the affectivity of words when feeling or thinking about them
Authors: Ferré Pilar , Guasch Marc , Stadthagen-Gonzalez Hans , Comesaña Montserrat
Published: March 2022

This study examines the distinction between knowing the meaning of a word and experiencing the feelings associated with it. We collected affective ratings for a set of emotional and neutral English words from a group of English native speakers and a group of European Portuguese–English bilinguals. Half of the emotional words named emotions (emotion words) and the other half did not name emotions but could provoke them (emotion-laden words). Some participants were asked to focus on the meaning of words while others were asked to focus on the feeling produced by the words. Native speakers of English produced more intense affective ratings that Portuguese–English bilinguals. Such difference was larger when participants focused on their feelings than when they focused on the words’ meaning. Accordingly, such distinction should be considered in the study of bilingual affective language processing. Finally, the type of emotional word (emotion vs. emotion-laden) had only modest effects.
Customizable Automated High Content Image Acquisition and Analysis for Tissue Biopsies
Authors: Neal Christopher A. , Hodge Jacob G. , Zamierowski David S. , Mellott Adam J.
Published: March 2022

Advancements in high content image analysis have led to an increase in the adoption of these techniques in basic science and clinical research. High-throughput approaches to imaging and image analysis require minimal user interventions, circumventing the often prohibitively time-consuming and unreliable standard manual analysis. In this study, we demonstrate how high content imaging (HCI) techniques, in combination with high content analysis (HCA), can be paired with more traditional manual analysis to quantify both micro- and macro-level features of biopsied tissue sections. High-resolution, full-color images of stained tissue were acquired and stitched together to reconstruct the entire tissue section, which enabled analyses that required accurate identification of a given region's location within the tissue section. A custom region of interest grid was generated that followed the curvature of the tissue. The composite images were used in two separate analyses: tissue layer thickness as a macro-level approach, and nuclei density as a micro-level approach. Ultimately, the flexibility of the HCI and HCA methodologies used in this study allowed for complex analysis of tissue that would not have been otherwise feasible.
Creating loyalty: Communication practices in the European and Inter-American human rights regimes
Authors: Steininger Silvia
Published: March 2022

This article investigates how the European and Inter-American human rights regimes have developed communication practices to create loyalty. It argues that communication departments exercise essential functions, in particular by creating diffuse support for international courts. By relying on theoretical analyses developed by Albert O. Hirschman and David Easton, it identifies how international courts can create loyalty through, first, fostering awareness about the existence of the court among the general public, and, second, the establishment of supportive communities around the court through shared practices. By drawing on semi-structured interviews, the comparative analysis of the European and Inter-American human rights regime illustrates both the professionalization of communication actors and the evolution of specific communication strategies in times of backlash. The empirical insights derived from semi-structured interviews with communication officials highlight how they have succeeded in expanding their audiences, but struggle with activating communities of practice. Ultimately, the rise of visual media formats and story-telling narratives might be the most promising tool to portray a more positive and engaging image of the institution.
Evaluation of the power deficit of elderly people during stair negotiation: Which joints should be assisted at least by an exoskeleton and with what amount?
Authors: Böhme Max , Weiske Felix , Jäkel Jens , Zentner Johannes , Witt Maren
Published: March 2022

Climbing stairs can become a daily obstacle for elderly people, and an exoskeleton can assist here. However, the exoskeletons that are designed to assist stair climbing are actuated in different ways. To find a minimal actuation configuration, we identify the assist phases by evaluating the power deficit of 11 healthy but weak elderly people (72.4 ± 2.1 years; 69–76 years; 1.67 ± 0.10 m; 74.88 ± 14.54 kg) compared to 13 younger people (24.0 ± 1.8 years; 22–28 years; 1.74 ± 0.10 m; 70.85 ± 11.91 kg) in a biomechanical study and discuss moment characteristics. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected, and kinematics, kinetics, and power characteristics of each subject for ascent and descent were calculated using inverse dynamics. Significant differences for power between both groups were assessed with statistical parametric mapping method using dynamic time warping. During ascent, the largest significant power deficit of the elderly subjects occurs in the single stance phase (SSP) during pull-up in the knee joint. During descent, significant mean power deficits of 0.2 and 0.8 W/kg for the highest deficit occur in the ankle joint in the beginning of the SSP and also in the knee joint in the same phase. Therefore, an exoskeleton should address the power deficit for knee extension (ascent: 1.0 ± 0.9 W/kg; descent: 0.3 ± 0.2 W/kg) and could assist the ankle during ascent and descent by an additional plantar flexion moment of 0.2 Nm/kg each.
Linking Organizational Identification With Employee Outcomes
Authors: Ma Chenlu , Yang Bin , Shen Yimo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Despite the unique value of organizational identification (OID) for work-related attitudes and organizational behavior, little research has directly examined the mechanisms that may link these. Drawing on social identity theory and cognitive dissonance theory, we develop and test a model that specifies how OID relates to work outcomes. Employing a two-wave design with 338 employees and their supervisors working in 83 groups in China, we found that (a) OID influences work engagement, which in turn promotes employee outcomes (i.e., job performance, creativity, and intention to stay), and (b) the indirect relationship between OID and employee outcomes via work engagement is moderated by abusive supervision such that the indirect positive relationship is weakened when abusive supervision is high rather than low.
Telepressure and Recovery Experiences Among Remote and Onsite Workers
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Fernet Claude , Austin Stéphanie , Huyghebaert-Zouaghi Tiphaine
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This study examined the associations between telepressure and work recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, control, and mastery) and tested whether these associations differ between employees working onsite ( n = 158) or remotely ( n = 284). Our results revealed that telepressure was negatively related to psychological detachment, relaxation, control, and mastery. Moreover, the relations between telepressure and recovery experiences were stronger among employees working onsite than among those working remotely. These results revealed that working remotely helped to buffer the negative links between telepressure and recovery experiences.
Atmospheric Groundwater Forcing of a Subterranean Estuary: A Seasonal Seawater Recirculation Process
Authors: Beebe Donald A. , Huettemann Mary Brandon , Webb Bret M. , Jackson William T.
Published: March 2022

Here we isolate groundwater responses to atmospheric forcing of surface water levels by relating anomalies in coastal aquifer hydraulic head time‐series to weather events. Our results demonstrate that atmospheric forcing has a greater effect on groundwater exchange and extended residence time over astronomical tidal pumping at times. During winter, atmospheric groundwater forcing was associated with winter storm passage and had a recurrence interval of approximately 7 days. During summer, atmospheric groundwater forcing was limited to weak diurnal atmospheric convection and infrequent tropical cyclone activity. Because winter storms and tropical cyclones commonly produce precipitation, atmospheric groundwater forcing can synergize with the timing of meteoric recharge producing periods of intense submarine groundwater discharge.