bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OSSOS. XIII. Fossilized Resonant Dropouts Tentatively Confirm Neptune’s Migration Was Grainy and Slow
Authors: Lawler S. M. , Pike R. E. , Kaib N. , Alexandersen M. , Bannister M. T. , Chen 陳 Y.-T. 英同 , Gladman B. , Gwyn S. , Kavelaars J. J. , Petit J.-M. , Volk K.
Published: June 2019

The migration of Neptune’s resonances through the proto–Kuiper Belt has been imprinted in the distribution of small bodies in the outer solar system. Here we analyze five published Neptune migration models in detail, focusing on the high pericenter distance (high-q) trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) near Neptune’s 5:2 and 3:1 mean-motion resonances because they have large resonant populations, are outside the main classical belt, and are relatively isolated from other strong resonances. We compare the observationally biased output from these dynamical models with the detected TNOs from the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) via its Survey Simulator. All four of the new OSSOS detections of high-q nonresonant TNOs are on the sunward side of the 5:2 and 3:1 resonances. We show that even after accounting for observation biases, this asymmetric distribution cannot be drawn from a uniform distribution of TNOs at 2σ confidence. As shown by previous work, our analysis here tentatively confirms that the dynamical model that uses grainy slow Neptune migration provides the best match to the real high-q TNO orbital data. However, due to extreme observational biases, we have very few high-q TNO discoveries with which to statistically constrain the models. Thus, this analysis provides a framework for future comparison between the output from detailed, dynamically classified Neptune migration simulations and the TNO discoveries from future well-characterized surveys. We show that a deeper survey (to a limiting r-magnitude of 26.0) with a similar survey area to OSSOS could statistically distinguish between these five Neptune migration models.
Substorms manifestation at high and mid-latitudes during two large magnetic storm
Authors: Guineva Veneta , Despirak Irina , Kleimenova Natalia
Published: June 2019

The dynamics of magnetic substorms at high and middle latitudes during two severe geomagnetic storms: on 17March 2015 and on 22–23 June2015has been analyzed. The storms were rather similar: both storms were a result of the solar wind Sheath impact and both storms were characterized by a strong intensity (SYM/Hmin<–200nT). We studied the magnetic substorms during these storms on the base of the INTERMAGNET and IMAGE networks data. The attendant solar wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) parameters were taken from the OMNI data base. The spatial-temporal dynamics of three substorms was studied in detail: at 17:29 UT and at 22:55 UT during the first storm and at 18:33 UT during the second storm. The substorms on 17.03.2015originated during the main storm phase, and the onset of the substorm on 22.06.2015 followed the storm sudden commencement (SSC) of the second storm. All three substorms were characterized by a sharp poleward expansion of the westward electrojet simultaneously with a slower motion to lower latitudes. They were observed also at middle and low latitudes as positive magnetic bays. The westward electrojet reached ~71°CGMLat during the first two substorms and surpassed 75°CGMLat during the third substorm. Therefore, the first two events were “classical” substorms, and the third one –an “expanded” substorm. We suggested that this behavior is related to the different solar wind conditions: the “classical” substorms developed under magnetic cloud (MC) conditions, and the “expanded” –under the Sheath region effect.
Investigation of the similarity algorithm of the satellite images storage system for stability on the basis of Haar wavelets according to Tikhonov
Authors: Kazaryan Maretta , Shahramanian Mikhail , Zabunov Svetoslav
Published: June 2019

Investigation of the similarity algorithm of the satellite images storage system for stability on the basis of Haar wavelets according to Tikhonov
Vers un retour de l’autoritarisme en Afrique ?
Authors: Magnani Victor , Vircoulon Thierry
Published: June 2019

Des élections sont organisées régulièrement dans différents pays d’Afrique. Pourtant, la démocratie ne progresse pas sur ce continent. Nombre de dirigeants ont fait adopter des mesures leur permettant de prolonger leur présence à la tête de l’État et les partis d’opposition sont faibles. Quand une alternance se produit au plus haut niveau, cela n’entraîne pas pour autant une amélioration de la gouvernance. La poussée de la Chine en Afrique ne va pas favoriser le recul de l’autoritarisme.
Introduction of Item Constraints to Discover Characteristic Sequential Patterns
Authors: Sakurai Shigeaki
Published: June 2019

This chapter introduces a method that discovers characteristic sequential patterns from sequential data based on background knowledge. The sequential data is composed of rows of items. This chapter focuses on the sequential data based on the tabular structured data. That is, each item is composed of an attribute and an attribute value. Also, this chapter focuses on item constraints in order to describe the background knowledge. The constraints describe the combination of items included in sequential patterns. They can represent the interests of analysts. Therefore, they can easily discover sequential patterns coinciding to the interests of the analysts as characteristic sequential patterns. In addition, this chapter focuses on the special case of the item constraints. It is constrained at the last item of the sequential patterns. The discovered patterns are used to the analysis of cause, and reason and can predict the last item in the case that the sub-sequence is given. This chapter introduces the property of the item constraints for the last item.
Re-Examining the Relationship Between Team Work Quality and Speed of New Product Development
Authors: Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam , Alanazi Turki Abdullah , Ashari Hasbullah , Zamani Siti Norhasmaedayu Mohd
Published: June 2019

Previous research has consistently demonstrated that team work quality plays an important role in predicting the speed of new product development (NPD). However, the examination of the fundamental mechanisms behind this relationship has received less attention than it deserves. Drawing on the resource-based view and internal market orientation theories, this chapter examines mediating effect of internal market orientation in the relationship between teamwork quality and speed of new product development. One hundred and forty-nine team members drawn from the telecom companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia participated in this study. Partial least squares path modelling was employed to test mediating effect of internal market orientation in the relationship between teamwork quality and NPD speed. Findings suggest a positive relationship between teamwork quality and NPD speed. As hypothesized, the findings showed that of internal market orientation mediated the relationship between teamwork quality and NPD speed.
Foreign Direct Investment, Corruption, and Crime
Authors: Ramirez Rafael Salvador Espinosa
Published: June 2019

Drug trafficking could be associated with the corrupt structures of governments and any anti-drug enforcement policy would be compromised. At the same time, it is perceived that the flow of foreign direct investment, which is inversely related with drug trafficking, drives the economy and the host government faces a dilemma between encouraging foreign direct investment or allowing drug trafficking. In this chapter, a theoretical model of this stylized fact is made. It is found that the host government sets a strict enforcement policy if the corruption level is low; otherwise, a lax policy would be set. Once the enforcement policy has been set, an increase in the corruption level reduces the enforcement level. Additionally, an increase in the demand for drugs may reduce or increase the enforcement level depending of the size of corruption level compared with the market size for foreign investors. However, with an international specific policy, an increase in demand of drugs reduces unequivocally the optimal enforcement level.
The Knowledge Society and Entrepreneurship Within the Higher Education Institutions in Mexico
Authors: Pérez Miguel Angel Mendoza , Zuñiga Ingrid Yadibel Cuevas , Flores María del Rocío Soto , Román Susana Asela Garduño
Published: June 2019

Knowledge has been an implied part of all social organizations, since it allows the progress and the discovery of new techniques and technologies to put up new activities that are not easily replicated by rivals. The chapter aims to show that institutions of higher education support the society of knowledge in Mexico for entrepreneurship through an analysis of the programs that are taught in the two public universities in the country. The structure of the chapter will be organized into three sections: 1) the knowledge of society and its relation with institutions of higher education, 2) the generation of entrepreneurship in higher education institutions, and 3) the society of knowledge and entrepreneurship in institutions of higher education in Mexico.
Development of Competences Through the PBL and the Use of Technology
Authors: Hurtado María Elena Zepeda , Nashielly Yarzabal Coronel , Alicia Pérez Benítez Alma
Published: June 2019

The objective of this chapter is to present a case study in the National Polytechnic Institute, which is focused on two aspects: 1) to know what kind of educational practices are implemented in the classroom and how ICTs are used and 2) to analyze the impact of project-based learning (PBL) in the Oral and Written Expression Learning Unit I to know what competences such as creative thinking, improving motivation, and meaningful learning are developed, as well as the use of ICT for research, analysis, experimentation, simulation, and socialization, in such a way that, during the application of the PBL methodology in conjunction with ICT, skills that are required throughout life are developed, both in academic, scientific, and occupational fields.
Use of Audio-Based Mobile Assistant for Reading Texts as Support for Blind Users
Authors: Orea Alfonso Sánchez
Published: June 2019

In order to give visually impaired people a greater degree of inclusion in society, it is necessary to consider not only aspects related to independence in their physical mobility but also in their intellectual and labor mobility. Currently if a blind person needs information from a book, it must be previously translated in Braille language; in addition, the person must know this language or in the absence there should be the audio version. Most public and private libraries do not currently have books in Braille versions or in their absence audio books, so getting the information to perform some task is complicated. On the other hand, translating books from their original version into Braille language or its audio version is a titanic and expensive task, so in the chapter, the authors propose a technological solution based on the mobile platforms for the blind to perform this task in the place and time necessary without more resources than a Smartphone.
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Healthcare
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: June 2019

Health is the key capability humans require to perceive, feel, and act effectively, and as such, it represents a primary element in the development of the individual and the environment humans belong to. It is necessary to provide adequate ways and means to ensure the appropriate healthcare delivery based on parameter monitoring and directly providing medical assistance. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), commonly known as the internet of things (IoT), enable a global approach to the healthcare system infrastructure development. This leads to an e-health system that, in real time, supplies a valuable set of information relevant to all of the stakeholders regardless of their current location. Economic systems in this area usually do not meet the general patient needs, and those that do are usually economically unacceptable due to the high operational and development costs. This chapter shows how recent advances in wireless networks and electronics have led to the emergence of WSNs in healthcare.
LEACH-VD
Authors: Mukherjee Proshikshya
Published: June 2019

Wireless sensor networks act as an important role in the wireless communication area because of its properties, its intelligence, cheaper costs, and its smaller size. Multiple nodes are required for coperative communication, the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy and LEACH-Vector Quantization are used for cluster and active cluster headformation. Further, Dijkstra Algorithm is used to find the shortest path between the active CHs and high-energy utilization, respectively. The main issue of inter-cluster communication is carried out in earlier work using LEACH and LEACH-V protocols. The chapter illustrates the LEACH-Vector Quantization Dijkstra protocol for shortest path active CH communication in a cooperative communication network. In the application point of view, LEACH-VD performs the lowest energy path. LEACH-V provides the intra-cluster communication between the cluster head, and using Dijkstra Algorithm, the minimum distance is calculated connecting the active cluster heads, which creates the shortest path results using an energy-efficient technique.
Financial Technology Implications
Authors: Arjun R.  , Nishmitha N.  , Suprabha K. R.
Published: June 2019

The chapter examines the particularities of the financial technology industry and explores how FinTech is defined and how the financial technology solutions can be implemented by companies and categorized. Financial technology companies are generally start-ups founded with the purpose of disrupting financial systems and corporations that rely less on software. But Fintech is not confined to start-ups only. Fintech comprises a vessel of technical aspects that describes an emerging financial services sector in the 21st century. The chapter aims to provide key insights into the evolution of the FinTech sector in emerging markets like ASEAN and India by and industry experience in this area. Both industry survey reports and peer-reviewed research is used as secondary data. The critical challenges to be addressed at the policy level, regional differences and future implications are being discussed thereby creating bridges the FinTech in ASEAN context to create a coherent framework.
Best Practices in Teacher Preparation for Inclusive Education
Authors: Pinter Holly H. , Bloom Lisa A. , Rush Charmion B. , Sastre Cameron
Published: June 2019

Research regarding best practice for preparing both special education and general education teachers for inclusion has been sparse in the US. The purpose of this chapter is to systematically review and summarize research regarding teacher preparation for inclusion. A thorough search uncovered 35 relevant studies. Themes that emerged from analysis of this research of best practices for teacher preparation for inclusive education included content for inclusion infused in teacher education courses, attention early and often to attitudes and dispositions toward inclusion, opportunities for collaboration and co-teaching, strong university-school partnerships, and collaboration to teacher education faculty.
Inspiring Teacher Candidates to Embrace Cultural Diversity
Authors: Estes Judi Simmons , McConnell-Farmer Judith Lynne
Published: June 2019

One of the challenges facing teachers in the United States is providing high-quality education for all students met in the classroom, including those who too often are underserved: students of color, low-income students, English-language learners, as well as students in urban and rural settings. Teachers report feeling unprepared and lack confidence in teaching students from culturally different backgrounds from themselves. This chapter suggests that in addition to becoming certified teachers, teacher candidates need to be inspired by teacher educators who are passionate about cultural learning and willing to share their own journey. Through sharing, teacher educators can provide practices that build cultural knowledge and increase cultural experiences of teacher candidates.
Smash-Up
Authors: Alisat Laurie L.
Published: June 2019

Among the current trends, globally in education, is a focus on personalized learning as a way to meet student needs, increase engagement, and improve achievement. Design thinking is a process, as well as a way of being, which, as a promising practice, provides a means for personalizing learning through work that is meaningful and relevant to students. The mindsets and processes of design thinking were used to invite gifted students into problem finding and problem solving, which began with where the students were at and further developed their knowledge and skills in action-oriented solutions. Using design thinking, students engaged in the world to solve authentic problems through a lens of empathy and human centeredness, strengthening their ties to community. Design thinking provided rich learning opportunities that were effective for gifted learners, engaging their curiosity, sense of social justice, imagination, and critical thinking.
Micro-Case Videos
Authors: Ulusoy Fadime
Published: June 2019

Teachers' professional noticing of student thinking is a complex and challenging issue as being parallel with the complexity of students' ideas. Prospective teachers do not naturally notice details of student thinking in an unedited classroom video due to complexity and limitations of classroom context. This chapter identifies micro-case videos as a particular alternative to promote prospective teachers' noticing abilities by enabling them to directly attend and interpret students' thinking and strategies. In addition to the definition and characteristics of micro-case videos, this chapter articulates the production of micro-case videos used to support prospective teachers' professional noticing abilities. A micro-case video includes a collection of selected-edited events concerning a learner's thinking on content-related tasks or problem situations in a non-classroom learning environment. Incorporating micro-case videos in video-based professional development environment promotes a detailed and focused examination of student thinking.
Sustainable Competitive Advantage Through Business Model Innovation
Authors: Nandamuri Purna Prabhakar , Rao K. S. Venu Gopala , Mishra Mukesh Kumar
Published: June 2019

Conventionally, businesses focus on their offerings for growth. But the increasingly unpredictable business environment is making them irrelevant in the market. So, businesses should resort to a system of dynamic management by innovating on the business models rather than a single aspect of the business. Business model innovation demands neither new technologies nor creation of new markets, but cares about delivering the existing products produced by existing technologies to the existing markets, through a unique model. Hence, defining, innovating, and evolving new business models have become the new basis of competition. A differentiated, hard-to-imitate, effective, and efficient business model is more likely to ensure higher profits and long-term survival. In this context, the present chapter attempts to furnish multiple global evidences and discuss the Indian perspective of business model innovation.
Business Model Development for Stability, Sustainability, and Resilience
Authors: Staszewska Beata Maria
Published: June 2019

Innovative business model development, understood as a static phenomenon neglects the dynamic influences on both for-profit and not for profit sectors. Business model development is a complex process which has been well researched in corporations, but predominantly remained under-researched in not for-profit organisations. An exploratory study during 2011-2015 is undertaken to examine business development process in the areas of stability, sustainability and resistance in a local not for profit public enterprise. Findings suggest that a balanced approach to economic, ecological and social characteristics, organisational coping capabilities during volatile phases of business model development and organisational capability to manage during times of instability contributes to the type of business model development process.
The Business Transformation Framework for Managers in Business Innovation Transformation Projects
Authors: Trad Antoine , Kalpić Damir
Published: June 2019

A decisive economical factor in the business transformation project (BTP) of a traditional business environment (BE) into an automated business environment, is the profile of the business transformation manager (BTM), who should be supported by a framework (Trad, & Kalpić, 2001; ). The BTM's profile and its relation to enterprise business architecture skills, have an ultimate impact on the concrete implementation phase of business transformation and related enterprise architecture projects. The basic profile and managerial aspects of BTM profiles and its support, have not been sufficiently researched, to hammer an optimal profile and a corresponding supporting framework that is why this research article proposes the related BTP's managerial recommendations and conclusions. This research paper and the related research publications series deals with the BTP's support for the BTM's selection, architecture support, decision making and training requirements; where the BTM, has to manage the complex technical implementation phase of the BTPs; knowing that this phase of a BTP is the major cause of very high failure rates.
A Holistic Model for Linking Sustainability, Sustainable Development, and Strategic Innovation in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Rainey David L.
Published: June 2019

This chapter presents the foundations of a holistic model for connecting the key elements necessary for corporations to adopt sustainability and sustainable development in the context of the global economy and strategic innovation. The complexities of doing business on a global scale have increased dramatically over the last two decades. While sustainability involves many perspectives, strategies, actions, and management constructs, the chapter focuses on how global corporations employ strategic innovations in response to driving forces in the global economy and how they can improve their level of management sophistication in a turbulent business environment. The holistic model focuses on strategic innovations that provide more positive aspects and fewer negative ones since innovations have the potential to create dramatic new solutions with exceptional value and to eliminate or reduce negative effects and impacts. Strategic innovations include radical technological innovations, business model innovations, product developments, and organizational developments that are game changers.
Technology Transfer Projects in the UK
Authors: Wynn Martin George
Published: June 2019

This article examines how technology transfer has operated in university-company projects undertaken in small to medium sized enterprises via the UK Knowledge Transfer Partnership scheme. It adopts a qualitative case study approach, focusing on three companies drawn from an initial review of fourteen technology transfer projects. This provides the foundation for the development of a model of 12 key factors that underpinned successful outcomes in these projects. The fourteen projects are reviewed in terms of their impact on either process change, service improvement or product development, drawing upon the post-project assessments of the funding body and the developed model. Findings suggest that using new technology to innovate internal processes and services is likely to prove more successful than projects focusing on new product development. The model provides an analytical framework that will be of interest and value to academics and business practitioners looking to develop university-industry partnerships involving technology change and innovation.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Participation in Standardization
Authors: de Vries Henk J. , Veurink Joey L.
Published: June 2019

Participation in standardization costs time and thus money and additionally there are out of pocket costs. Is it worth this investment? This paper seeks to develop and test a method to calculate cost and benefits of participation. Companies can use such a calculation to prepare a decision whether or not to join, during the process whether or not to continue, and afterwards to evaluate if the overall benefits outweigh the cost. Academic researchers can use the same method to analyze impacts of standardization projects.
Decoding Success Factors of Innovation Culture
Authors: Burdon Stephen , Kang Kyeong , Mooney Grant
Published: June 2019

This chapter presents the results and findings of a research project on innovation culture in Australian information technology sector organisations. The primary objective of this study was to establish the determinants of a successful enterprise innovation culture in organisations with a strong industry reputation for radical innovation initiatives. We obtained 244 responses from 102 member organisations of the Australian Information Industry Association (AIIA). The survey explored the internal and external characteristics of a successful innovative organisation. Both employees' and competitors' perspectives on “what makes a particular organisation a successful innovator” were the main focus. Our findings indicated that the absence of a successful innovation culture is a serious impediment to growth and success. However, preferences for the key innovation culture attributes varied significantly by executive functions, size of the organization and type of ownership structure. Thus, a mix of key innovation attributes should be deployed and tailored to each organisation, based on their industry and strategic objectives.
The Role of Internal Standardization in Business Models
Authors: Johansson Magnus , Foukaki Amalia , Kärreman Matts
Published: June 2019

This chapter focuses on business models and the role of internal standardization in business models. We develop a typology that outlines the role of internal standardization for a set of value configurations that serve as representations of generic business models. The topic is of importance for both managers and researchers in relation to firm level innovation and strategy, as well as how business models relate to internal and external standardization. With regard to business model innovation, this chapter can aid in identifying shifts in the firm's internal standardization focus associated with changes in its business model.
Technological Disruption as a Driving Force for Coopetition
Authors: Rusko Rauno , Alatalo Lilli , Hänninen Joel , Riipi Juho , Salmela Ville , Vanha Joel
Published: June 2019

Coopetition is still a relatively new perspective and paradigm for considering relationships between networks, firms and organizations, and business units. The literature on coopetition focuses on developing several alternative perspectives of coopetition. Integrating theories on coopetition is an essential challenge for scholars of management and marketing. However, one possibility to challenge the contemporary field of coopetition is to introduce new topical themes of business and society and test their relationships with coopetition perspectives. The authors consider one technical disruption—self-driving cars—and its collaboration networks related to coopetition perspectives. Outcomes show the importance of lead users of this disruptive technology. Furthermore, coopetition, and especially competitive networks, seems to be an important strategy for developing new disruptive technologies according to the needs of markets.
The Role of Local Wisdom-Based E-Eco-Innovation to Promote Firms' Marketing Performance
Authors: Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet
Published: June 2019

This study aims at investigating the effect of market orientation on local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation as mediating variable to the Small and Medium Enterprises' marketing performance. Model and hypotheses testing were undertaken by means of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) Amos version 23. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among the three industrial clusters, however, 189 was valid to be further followed up. The findings were market orientation has significant effect on local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation, market orientation has significant effect on firm's marketing performance and local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation has significant effect on firm's marketing performance. The study has provided some empirical evidence that the development of local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation particularly in developing countries, enhance the SMEs marketing performance.
Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Application, and Innovation Towards the Ability to Adapt to Change
Authors: Turulja Lejla , Bajgorić Nijaz
Published: June 2019

The objective of article is to provide important empirical evidence to support the role of individual knowledge management processes and separate innovation types within firms. Specifically, knowledge acquisition and knowledge application are analyzed and empirically tested in relation to product and process innovation as well as business performance. The results support the direct impact of product and process innovation on business performance. In addition, the results show the indirect effect of knowledge acquisition and knowledge application on firm business performance through product and process innovation. Although KM represents a complex concept of knowledge management in a firm and can contain more processes, this article confirms that KM processes individually contribute to the innovation and indirectly on business performance. Besides, it confirms mediating effect of innovation between both knowledge acquisition and knowledge application and organizational business performance. In addition, most of the similar studies have been focused on the developed Western countries.
Technology Transfer and Innovation Management
Authors: Silva Luan Carlos Santos , Gaia Silvia , ten Caten Carla Schwengber , Facó Renata Tilemann
Published: June 2019

The goal consisted in analyzing the innovation management process and the technology transfer between Industry-University in the TTOs of the public universities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The research is of Practical Research nature. The approach is qualitative and as a technical procedure it was used the case study. The research analyzed the faced challenges, strategies and actions taken in the TTOs that got a better result in stage 1. It was possible to identify that the offices have highly capacitated in a level of excellency in different areas of graduation, however with difficulties to stablish an internal relationship between its members, professors and research groups from the university. They find it difficult external problems. The government, universities and institutions must create transfer mechanisms connected to the form of the technology demand, innovation and the enterprises characteristics.
Teaching a ‘Managing Innovation and Technology' Course
Authors: Ktoridou Despo , Epaminonda Epaminondas
Published: June 2019

In the last few years an increasing emphasis on developing entrepreneurship has been evident in many universities in an effort to prepare students to integrate effectively into the competitive working environment of the 21st century. A key question is how to do this. This work examines the impact of Student Centered Learning (SCL) introduced in a multidisciplinary undergraduate course of Management of Innovation and Technology at the University of Nicosia. It examines students' and lecturer experiences, benefits and challenges of implementing SCL, and gives recommendations to lecturers for designing a SCL based curriculum, incorporating inductive methods. The findings may be useful for academics who teach entrepreneurship related topics and seek ways to incorporate innovative approaches in their teaching and learning processes in order to motivate students towards the development of entrepreneurial skills and thinking.
Innovation in the Age of Digital Disruption
Authors: Cozmiuc Diana Claudia , Petrisor Ioan I.
Published: June 2019

Digital disruption is a worldwide phenomenon whereby digital technology brings new business models that disrupt existing markets. Business models have become key to digital disruption, as the universal language of innovation from invention. The latest business models shift from pipeline material flow to knowledge creation in platforms. Open innovation is part of platform business models. Business models are now financed directly, which has created the lean start-up movement. Start-ups enter markets with no barriers and force incumbents to race them with the ability to compete based on business models and match start-up agility and creativity. One of the world's top innovators, Siemens, a company where innovation is strategy, uses the latest tools for innovation: open innovation for technology invention, business models to turn invention into innovation, and finances business models. A large company, Siemens has created an inner structure that intends to bring the advantages of the lean start-up movement indoors.
Knowledge Management and Systematic Innovation Capability
Authors: Gloet Marianne , Samson Danny
Published: June 2019

This qualitative research examined the relationship between knowledge management (KM) and systematic innovation capability in 16 Australian manufacturing and service organizations that exhibited both successful innovation and robust KM practices. A review of the literature indicated a number of areas where KM enhances and supports innovation capability. Using a multiple cross-case analysis methodology and applying a framework of systematic innovation capability, in-depth interviews were conducted with managers of the case study organizations. The analysis of the data revealed the main contributions of KM to systematic and sustained forms of innovation. Areas in which KM could contribute more to sustained innovation capability are also discussed.
Promoting Service Innovation and Knowledge Management in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2019

This chapter indicates the overview of hospitality industry; the concept of service innovation; service innovation and customer demand; the importance of service innovation in the hospitality industry; the concept of Knowledge Management (KM); the advanced issues of KM in the hospitality industry; competency models in the hospitality industry; and the importance of KM in the hospitality industry. Service innovation has the potential to create the business growth perspectives, to lead markets that have the economic impact, and to bring about the structural and economic changes in the hospitality industry. KM seeks to make the best use of the knowledge that is available to the hospitality industry, while creating new knowledge in the process. The chapter argues that promoting service innovation and KM has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in the hospitality industry.
From Network Builders to Knowledge Clusters
Authors: Garcia Blanca C.
Published: June 2019

This chapter aims to explore the central notions of the Knowledge-City paradigm in which complex cluster concepts provide a perspective of the interdependencies between the many and diverse dimensions of urban value-based categories that co-exist in the northern city-region of Monterrey, Mexico, in the Mexico-Texas Borderland. The chapter succeeds to advance and further contribute to the development of the knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) paradigm by showing a hierarchical framework of knowledge units from the individual Urban Citizen-Entrepreneur to Cluster Partnerships from a Knowledge City-Region perspective. It attempts to describe their spatial footprint, their activities, and their socio-economic impacts. Then, based on a case study in the Mexico-Texas borderland, it is advanced that a multi-variable framework holds promise for the analysis of knowledge-based development initiatives and possibly for future developing regions at a global scale.
The Economics and Econometrics of Global Innovation Index
Authors: Iqbal Badar Alam , Rahman Mohd Nayyer
Published: June 2019

Innovation is understood by different people differently and there is no reason to think otherwise until and unless innovation is objectified. Several measures have been developed to represent innovation in one or the other form. At times, due to dearth of data on innovation, proxies are used that may not represent innovation in its true sense. One of such measure, though unpopular but relevant, is global innovation index (GII). Indexes are used to quantify as well as measure the variability over a period of time in comparison to base values. As the approach of GII is new and promising, the present chapter will attempt to understand the economics of global innovation index for the available data. This will add to the understanding of innovation and may act as a strategy. On the other hand, econometrics as an emerging branch will also be used to identify certain simple hypothesis for the data of global innovation index. The chapter thus aims to delve deeper into the understanding of global innovation index.
Performance Improvement in Cloud Based Supply Chains
Authors: Soliman Fawzy
Published: June 2019

This chapter summarises the findings on how improvement in the performance of the supply chain processes could assist the company becoming innovative. Through this report it is consistently held that improvement in the performance of the supply chain processes assists the company in becoming innovative.
Understanding Social Innovation in the Context of Social Enterprises
Authors: João Iraci de Souza , Galina Simone. V. R.
Published: June 2019

In this chapter, it is possible to verify how social enterprises work on social innovations, as well as practices adopted by them to generate social innovation (SI). The SI is one of the ways of creating social value via solutions that enhance sustainable social welfare, and it is predominantly disseminated by organizations with a social mission like social enterprise. To verify how social enterprises work on social innovations, as well as practices adopted by them to generate social innovation, an exploratory study was developed. For primary data collection the technique of in-depth interviews with semi-structured script was adopted. The SI has the community as an active participant in the process, with successful innovation, in many cases, dependent on the collective capacity of people. The use of this technique for managing the processes of creative generation shows that companies organize themselves to manage the SI. Likewise, benchmarking was used in all three cases, supporting the theory that social innovation is not merely the fruit of originality, but also new applications for existing knowledge.
Drivers of Global Competitiveness and Economic Growth
Authors: Farinha Luìs , Gouveia Joaquim Borges , Nunes Sara
Published: June 2019

This chapter focuses on the issue of global competitiveness of the economies, based on the dimensions analyzed by the World Economic Forum in assessing the economic competitiveness of a large sample of countries. From the different stages of development of the countries, the study aims to help us to understand what pillars contribute most to the global competitiveness. Results based on structural equation model show what dimensions within each economic development stage best explain the competitiveness, helping us to realize even the performance achieved by the most advanced economies. Understanding the association of factor groups, pillars and related items, and levels of competitiveness may help academics to conduct new studies, as well as politicians in the definition of intervention priorities.
Impact of Overpopulation on Land Use Pattern
Authors: Garg Shivani
Published: June 2019

Overpopulation does not depend only on the size or density of the population, but on the ratio of population to available sustainable resources. It also depends on how resources are managed and distributed throughout the population. Overpopulation is one of the hazards and serious problem, which creates a great obstacle in the way of national development. It is estimated that growth in human population affect the global land use pattern available for agriculture, forest land cover, nearby area of different type of water bodies. The rapid increase of human population is putting extraordinary pressure on our natural resources available e.g. land, water, ecosystem services etc. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the various environmental implications of overpopulation and rural-urban migration which in turns affect the land use pattern of world. Deforestation and loss of ecosystems that sustain global atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide balance is also another implication.
An Overview of Population Growth and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pande Vincent Sebastian , Kumburu Neema Penance
Published: June 2019

Development efforts in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are harmed by a combination of many factors, high rates of population growth being among of them. Despite the strong links between population and sustainable development, these issues were not a priority in broader development policies and strategies in SSA. Population and sustainable development had been often addressed separately at policy and programme levels. Despite the fact that decision makers in these countries recognize the importance of population issues for sustainable development, these issues are rarely worked on together, limiting the payoff that could result from integrating the two. This chapter, therefore, re-examines and relates these two concepts to see their compatibility and provides a more realistic approach in converting population growth into economic gains for future development of SSA countries and Africa in general.
From Informal to Inclusive Urbanization
Authors: Jain Manisha , Sridharan N. , Korzhenevych Artem
Published: June 2019

The contemporary process of urbanization prevalent in the countries of the Global South, especially in Africa and Asia, is characterized by an unprecedented rise in urban populations, exceeding the capacity of local authorities to provide essential services. In particular, local authorities lack the funding required to build adequate infrastructure. One striking feature of contemporary urbanization is the growth in informal urbanized settlements, called “census towns” in India, “urban villages” in China, and “townships” in South Africa. Compared to India, China and South Africa have been able to turn around their cities and revamp them within 10 years. These countries present similarities and differences in managing and providing basic urban services. In this chapter, an attempt is made to analyze and compare the urbanization process in these countries and to identify some financial alternatives and policy implications to foster inclusive growth by integrating informal settlements into mainstream urbanization with focus on India.
Quality of Resilient Cities, the Issue of Urban Waste
Authors: Rynska Elzbieta Dagny , Oniszk-Poplawska Anna Teresa , Kozminska Urszula
Published: June 2019

This chapter focuses on the metabolic concept for the management and treatment of construction waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste in urban areas. Analysis of related Dutch, German and Polish guidelines for environmental zoning of industrial plants, allows formulation of conditions for an optimal siting of waste infrastructure within urban unit. Protection zones are defined in accordance with specific requirements for waste facilities, which treat and recycle both municipal and construction waste. Distances from inhabited areas are related to environmental burdens generated by such facilities (incl. parameters such as odours, noise level, explosion impacts and emissions of other substances). Moreover, this chapter provides the analysis of a selected case studies of waste facilities processing. A comparison of European guidelines and implementation of practical solutions is described in the case study analysis, including the issues open for the discussion about sustainable siting for waste processing infrastructure within an urban unit.
Effect of Urban Computing on the Public's Perception of Place, Community, and Infrastructure
Authors: Ringas Dimitrios , Christopoulou Eleni
Published: June 2019

The work presented in this chapter delineates the longitudinal experience of deploying an urban computing system that enables citizens to share and interact with digital content about the urban environment and experiences of people with it. It is part of an emerging and novel aspect of urban computing that expands research beyond simple optimisations of city functions towards a social and cultural approach that seeks to orchestrate complex socio-technical ensembles. Offering Collective City Memory as a service to citizens and enabling them to interact with it via diverse novel interfaces has uncovered the implications for city life that the introduction of urban computing brings such as the redefinition of spatial and temporal proximity and the effects on the perception of city space, fostering of social interactions, contribution to shared resources and participation in collective efforts.
Land Use Policy and Urban Sprawl in Nigeria
Authors: Adisa Waziri Babatunde
Published: June 2019

Land use policy is central to the development of urban life and the emergence of cities. In many developed capitalist societies, both the planning and expansion of the cities are usually anchored on sustainable urban land policies such that the growth of urban sprawl is effectively controlled. In most developing countries, land use policies are not only disparate, they are usually not connected to the growth of cities because policy makers are after the money they could make from private investors. This chapter argues that though the coming of the Land Use Act 1978 ended the era of disparate land law regimes, it has, over the years, sealed the control of urban lands to state governors, a development that has created massive corruption and arbitrariness in the allocation and utilization of urban lands. This approach to land administration has also hindered effective and sustainable urban and regional planning in many Nigerian cities. This study suggests the review of the 1978 Land Use Act and effective utilization of modern technologies in the monitoring of urban sprawls.
Significance of Affective Sciences and Machine Intelligence to Decipher Complexity Rooting in Urban Sciences
Authors: Mukherjee Alok Bhushan , Krishna Akhouri Pramod , Patel Nilanchal
Published: June 2019

An urban system is a complex system. There are many factors which significantly influences the different aspects of it. The influencing factors possess different characteristics as they may be environmental, economical, socio-political or cognitive factors. It is not feasible to characterize an urban system with deterministic approach. Therefore there is a need of study on computational frameworks that can investigate cities from a system's perspective. This kind of study may help in devising different ways that can handle uncertainty and randomness of an urban system efficiently and effectively. Therefore the primary objective of this work is to highlight the significance of affective sciences in urban studies. In addition, how machine intelligence techniques can enable a system to control and monitor the randomness of a city is explained. Finally the utility of machine intelligence technique in deciphering the complexity of way finding is conceptually demonstrated.