bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A transposição de mitos na intertextualidade entre Cinema e Publicidade: uma análise semiológica de Pornochanchada, campanha da marca Chilli Beans
Authors: Souza Ildembergue Leite de , Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza
Published: December 2014

O caráter simbólico se tornou decisivo para o consumo atual. Nesse fenômeno, ganha relevo o papel de agentes como a Publicidade, que apela de forma destacada para a simbologia dos mitos reproduzidos em suas mensagens, geralmente, construídas com base na intertextualidade que se apropria e modifica significados importados de linguagens variadas, entre elas, o Cinema. O uso desse recurso aparece claramente em uma das campanhas da Chilli Beans, inspirada na pornochanchada. Por meio da semiologia barthesiana, este trabalho se propõe responder como a marca Chilli Beans, por meio da intertextualidade, trouxe para sua Publicidade os mitos reproduzidos na pornochanchada. Os resultados apontam o erotismo como a grande narrativa mitológica desse casamento entre Publicidade e Cinema.
Processos de consumo cultural e midiático: imagem dos 'Otakus', do Japão ao mundo
Authors: Gushiken Yuji , Hirata Tatiane
Published: December 2014

Na perspectiva teórica da Comunicação como cultura, este artigo tem como tema central a dimensão comunicacional dos processos culturais na contemporaneidade. O objetivo é narrar e discutir a imagem difundida do grupo social denominado de Otaku, carregada de ambivalência a partir de sua origem no Japão e sua inserção no imaginário midiatizado em escala mundial. No Japão, o imaginário Otaku carrega a conotação negativa de indivíduos fanáticos pelo consumo de produtos da cultura pop, de pouca tendência para a vida social e associados a comportamentos psicopatológicos e criminosos. Em países da Ásia e no Brasil, o termo Otaku passou a designar os fãs de cultura pop japonesa, mas com características de uma juventude em busca de troca de informações e de novos modos de sociabilidade na vida urbana. Na cultura mundializada, conclui-se que o imaginário Otaku se transforma na medida em que segmentos da juventude em diferentes países, a partir de suas matrizes culturais, reinventam processos de consumo de produtos da cultura pop japonesa e lhes atribuem distintos sentidos.
Efeito das informações e características da embalagem na expectativa e aceitação de café solúvel adicionado de café torrado micronizado
Authors: Francisco Julyene Silva , Santos Ana Carolina Forgati dos , Benassi Marta de Toledo
Published: December 2014

Foi recentemente lançado, no Brasil, um café solúvel adicionado de café torrado e moído micronizado (finamente moído), mas não se observaram na literatura trabalhos que avaliem a reação do consumidor brasileiro frente a esse novo conceito de produto. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar o impacto das informações e das características da embalagem sobre a expectativa e aceitação de um café solúvel adicionado de café torrado micronizado. Dois cafés solúveis comerciais da mesma marca, um convencional e outro adicionado de café torrado micronizado (aqui denominado produto novo), foram avaliados através das técnicas grupo de foco e avaliação da expectativa, comparando-se os produtos e as embalagens correspondentes. A embalagem do café solúvel adicionado de café torrado micronizado foi menos apreciada nas sessões de grupo de foco. O produto novo não foi facilmente identificado como sendo um café solúvel, mostrando a necessidade de deixar claro o conceito do produto na embalagem. A bebida do produto novo mostrou uma boa aceitação sensorial, similar ao café solúvel convencional (p > 0,05). Somente para o produto convencional a aceitação foi influenciada por fatores extrínsecos (informações e características da embalagem), o consumidor assimilou a alta expectativa gerada pela maior familiaridade com o produto e/ou embalagem e aumentou sua aceitação na avaliação informada. Conclui-se que a embalagem do café solúvel adicionado de café torrado micronizado deve apresentar maior similaridade com a embalagem do produto convencional no que diz respeito a cores e ilustrações. A embalagem deve ainda conter informações claras quanto aos diferenciais do produto, tais como proximidade sensorial com o produto torrado e moído e a facilidade no preparo do café solúvel.
RELEVANCE THEORY AND METAPHOR
Authors: Romero Esther , Soria Belén
Published: December 2014

In this article we show the evolution of the view of metaphor in relevance theory and challenge its deflationary account of metaphor, defended from its inception, as loosening in a continuum. In current relevance theory, loose uses not only convey implicatures but also explicatures in which ad hoc concepts appear (CARSTON, 2002, 2010a; SPERBER; WILSON, 2008). These, in the case of metaphor, cause the emergent property issue which, according to them, is solved taking into account that a loose use may be included in a loose use (WILSON; CARSTON, 2008). In addition, the most creative cases have to be explained considering an interpretation route different from ad hoc concept construction (CARSTON, 2010b). These moves generate new problems and thus we argue that metaphorical interpretation can be better explained resorting to metaphorical ad hoc concepts that result from a partial mapping from one conceptual domain into another (ROMERO; SORIA, 2005).
INFERENCES IN ADVERTISEMENTS: EXEMPLIFYING WITH RELEVANCE THEORY
Authors: Silveira Jane Rita Caetano da , Ibaños Ana Maria Tramunt
Published: December 2014

Ever since Sperber and Wilson presented their theory of relevance, a lot of work has been done to corroborate or to refute it as the best available communication theory. What is known is that throughout the years not only linguists but cognitive theorists in general have applied the principles of Relevance theory to explain different phenomena concerning aspects of human communication. Our paper is no different. It discusses the possibilities of analysing advertisements with verbal and visual elements through relevance theory, specifically in terms of what triggers inferential comprehension in such pieces. The three pieces analysed do not engage in selling marketing products, but they sell ideas that become ostensive by means of merging visual and linguistic inputs to inferential understanding of what they mean.
THE COMMUNICATIVE RELEVANCE IN FICTIONAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Godoy Elena , Ferreira Rodrigo Bueno
Published: December 2014

Searle (1975) evidenced two programmatic questions about the logic of fictional discourse: why evolution would have selected fiction as a cross-cultural behavior and what enables an author to use words literally without committing to their literal meanings in fictional communication. Ferreira (in press) argues that part of the problem lies on a Searle's conception that by violating the logical rules of assertive sentences, the fictional communication constitutes itself as parasitic ordinary language. Alternatively, this paper discusses the fictional model of communication by relevance theory (Sperber, Wilson 1995), showing that ordinary communication and fictional discourse are second-order representations or metarepresentations.
A new approach for measuring corporate reputation
Authors: Feldman Percy Marquina , Bahamonde Rolando Arellano , Velasquez Bellido Isabelle
Published: December 2014

This study describes the concept of corporate reputation and reviews some of the major points that exist when it comes to measuring it. It thus suggests a new index for measurement and its advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. The consistency of the seven key variables for the collecting indicator is described by the results of a factor analysis and correlations. Finally, the indicator is put to test by gathering the perception of corporate reputation of 1500 individuals for 69 companies belonging to 15 different industrial sectors, in Peru. The results indicate that the proposed index variables are not necessarily of greatest interest to the study sample in which companies have a better performance. Also greater memorial companies aren't necessarily those that enjoy a greater corporate reputation. Managerial implications for the organizations in the process of managing and monitoring the dimensions involved of this key asset are also referenced.
Valoración de la rsc por el consumidor y medición de su efecto sobre las compras
Authors: Parada Ana Dopico , Rodríguez Daponte Rocío , González Vázquez Encarnación
Published: December 2014

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una escala de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial válida y fiable desarrollada desde el punto de vista del consumidor. A partir de aquí, se plantea un análisis causal que tiene como finalidad identificar aquellas actuaciones que provocan una respuesta por parte del mercado. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán informar a las empresas sobre las prácticas en materia de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial que tienen un efecto positivo sobre la actitud del consumidor hacia la empresa y su intención futura de compra.
Agregando valores a las cadenas de valor
Authors: Scott Gregory J.
Published: December 2014

Este artículo presenta una matriz de factores a tomar en cuenta para priorizar las cadenas de valor agrícolas seleccionadas como foco de las iniciativas público-privadas para impulsar su desarrollo. Dichos factores dan especial importancia a temas de responsabilidad social empresarial. Se ilustra su uso con datos y una revisión de la literatura sobre Perú.
Women survivors of intimate partner violence: the difficult transition to independence
Authors: Leitão Maria Neto da Cruz
Published: December 2014

Objective To understand the trajectories that women go through from entering into to leaving relationships involving intimate partner violence (IPV), and identify the stages of the transition process. Method We utilized a constructivist paradigm based on grounded theory. We ensured that the ethical guidelines of the World Health Organization for research on domestic violence were followed. The analysis focused on narratives of 28 women survivors of IPV, obtained from in-depth interviews. Results The results showed that the trajectories experienced by women were marked by gender issues, (self) silencing, hope and suffering, which continued after the end of the IPV. Conclusion The transition process consists of four stages: entry - falls in love and becomes trapped; maintenance - silences own self, consents and remains in the relationship; decides to leave - faces the problems and struggles to be rescued; (re) balance - (re) finds herself with a new life. This (long) process was developed by wanting (and being able to have) self-determination.
Limits and possibilities experienced by nurses in the treatment of women with chronic venous ulcers
Authors: Silva Marcelo Henrique da , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de , Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa , Oliveira Deíse Moura de
Published: December 2014

Objective To understand the experiences and expectations of nurses in the treatment of women with chronic venous ulcers. Method Phenomenological research was based on Alfred Schütz, whose statements were obtained in January, 2012, through semi-structured interviews with seven nurses. Results The nurse reveals the difficulties presented by the woman in performing self-care, the perceived limitations in the treatment anchored in motivation, and the values and beliefs of women. It showed professional frustration because venous leg ulcer recurrence, lack of inputs, interdisciplinary work and training of nursing staff. There was an expected adherence to the treatment of women, and it emphasized the need for ongoing care, supported self-care and standard practices in treatment. Conclusion That treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers constitutes a challenge that requires collective investment, involving women, professionals, managers and health institutions.
Violence against adolescents: an analysis based on the categories gender and generation
Authors: Gessner Rafaela , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da , Oliveira Rebeca Nunes Guedes de
Published: December 2014

Exploratory and descriptive study based on quantitative and qualitative methods that analyze the phenomenon of violence against adolescents based on gender and generational categories. The data source was reports of violence from the Curitiba Protection Network from 2010 to 2012 and semi-structured interviews with 16 sheltered adolescents. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0 and the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The adolescents were victims of violence in the household and outside of the family environment, as victims or viewers of violence. The violence was experienced at home, mostly toward girls, with marked overtones of gender violence. More than indicating the magnitude of the issue, this study can give information to help qualify the assistance given to victimized people and address how to face this issue.
Social determinants of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Guarulhos, São Paulo
Authors: Melo Maykon Diego , Egry Emiko Yoshikawa
Published: December 2014

The study goals present an overview of Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) in Guarulhos, SP, from 2008 to 2012. This is an ecological study based on secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System, and supported by the Praxical Theory of Intervention of Collective Health Nursing. Applied descriptive statistics for analysis. It was observed that Guarulhos shows an upward trend in hospitalizations by ACSC (20% increase), the most frequent causes of heart failure (11.8%), cerebrovascular disease (10.6%) and angina (9.7%), most frequently in the age group ≥ 65years old, for both sexes. The results are similar to other Brazilian studies, but their analysis should extrapolate the biological limits and the supply of healthcare resources, focusing on the social determinants of the health-disease process.
Assessing the vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted diseases STDS/ HIV: construction and validation of markers
Authors: Guanilo Mónica Cecilia De la Torre Ugarte , Takahashi Renata Ferreira , Bertolozzi Maria Rita
Published: December 2014

Objective To construct and validate markers of vulnerability of women to STDs/HIV, taking into consideration the importance of STDs/HIV. Method Methodological study carried out in three stages: 1) systematic review and identification of elements of vulnerability in the scientific production; 2) selection of elements of vulnerability, and development of markers; 3) establishment of the expert group and validation of the markers (content validity). Results Five markers were validated: no openness in the relationship to discuss aspects related to prevention of STDs/HIV; no perception of vulnerability to STDs/HIV; disregard of vulnerability to STDs/ HIV; not recognizing herself as the subject of sexual and reproductive rights; actions of health professionals that limit women’s access to prevention of STDs/HIV. Each marker contains three to eleven components. Conclusion The construction of such markers constituted an instrument, presented in another publication, which can contribute to support the identification of vulnerabilities of women in relation to STDs/HIV in the context of primary health care services. The markers constitute an important tool for the operationalization of the concept of vulnerability in primary health care and to promote inter/multidisciplinary and inter/multi-sectoral work processes.
Changes in physiological and behavioral parameters of preterm infants undergoing body hygiene: a systematic review
Authors: Freitas Patrícia de , Marques Silvia Rezende , Alves Taisy Bezerra , Takahashi Juliana , Kimura Amélia Fumiko
Published: December 2014

Objective To verify the effect of bathing on the body temperature of preterm infants (PTI). Method Systematic review conducted in the following bibliographic electronic sources: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Lilacs (BVS), Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science, using a combination of search terms, keywords and free terms. The review question was adjusted to the PICO acronym (Patient/population, Intervention, Control/comparative intervention, Outcome). The selected publications were evaluated according to levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for efficacy/effectiveness studies, as established by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results Eight hundred and twenty four (824) publications were identified and four studies met the inclusion criteria, of which three analyzed the effect of sponge baths and the effect of immersion baths. Conclusion Sponge baths showed a statistically significant drop in body temperature, while in immersion baths the body temperature remained stable, although they studied late preterm infants.
A Cultura Humanitária Contestada em Zonas de Guerra
Authors: Weiss Thomas G.
Published: December 2014

A ação humanitária em zonas de guerra nunca foi fácil, porém tem se mostrado especialmente intimidadora no pós-Guerra Fria. Este ensaio começa com a cultura tradicional dominante, que servirá de parâmetro para se explorar o afastamento de uma cultura acordada de cooperação, em direção a uma cultura contestada de competição, fruto da militarização, da politização e damercantilização. Esses três aspectos não são toda a verdade do projeto humanitário, mas são componentes essenciais.Conclui-se com umapelo por uma "cultura de aprendizagem", orientada para a reflexão responsável, ao invés de ser orientada para a reação rápida.
O Paradoxo da Macrossecuritização: Quando a Guerra ao Terror não Securitiza Outras “Guerras” na América do Sul
Authors: Villa Rafael Duarte
Published: December 2014

A tese principal deste trabalho é de que a política do governo dos EUA de guerra global ao terror lhe ofereceu a oportunidade de passar de uma lógica de securitização simples para uma de macrossecuritização no tratamento dos problemas da proliferação das drogas e da presença de guerrilhas no caso colombiano, e no tratamento dos problemas de crime transnacional, no caso da Tríplice Fronteira no Cone Sul. Em outras palavras, os problemas relacionados ao tráfico de drogas, guerrilhas e crime transnacional em ambos os lugares foram tratados menos como um processo com dinâmicas autônomas e sim subordinados à macrossecuritização que a doutrina da guerra global contra o terror impôs. No entanto, embora os Estados Unidos tenham tido algum sucesso na macrossecuritização na Colômbia e na Tríplice Fronteira, em ambos os casos há um paradoxo nos resultados emergentes das políticas norte-americanas: o éxito na macrossecuritização não corresponde necessariamente a umsucesso na securitização de processos e atores envolvidos.
O Cosmopolitismo Kantiano: Universalizando o Iluminismo
Authors: Fernández Marta
Published: December 2014

Desde o fim da Guerra Fria, as teorias liberais das Relações Internacionais e os discursos das Nações Unidas vêm evocando a autoridade de Immanuel Kant e o seu famoso tratado A paz perpétua para avançar a ideia acerca da conexão entre a paz e as democracias liberais. O artigo visa oferecer uma leitura alternativa de Kant, vis-à-vis a literatura mainstream das Relações Internacionais, chamando a atenção para os limites e ambiguidades do suposto cosmopolitismo kantiano ao resgatar os rastros racistas e excludentes da sua filosofia.
Teoria Realista Ofensiva de Cooperação em Defesa na Unipolaridade
Authors: Rezende Lucas Pereira
Published: December 2014

A teoria realista ofensiva de cooperação em defesa na unipolaridade busca compreender: (1) a motivação dos Estados para cooperar em defesa; (2) as variáveis independentes que afetam a cooperação em defesa; (3) um modelo amplo de cooperação em defesa que possa ser replicado em diferentes regiões do mundo. Na unipolaridade, tentativas de alteração das balanças de poder regionais serão punidas pelo sistema. A forma como os Estados poderão maximizar o seu poder é a cooperação em defesa, que deve prover não apenas aumento da capacidade estatal individual, mas também elementos distributivos que não desencadeiem uma corrida armamentista no plano regional, nem um balanceamento offshorepor parte da potência unipolar. A teoria sugere que novos tempos exigem novas formas de maximização de poder.
Cooperação Internacional em Ciência e Tecnologia: Refletindo Conceitos e Questões Contemporâneas
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Clotilde Meirelles , Baiardi Amilcar
Published: December 2014

O artigo discute a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento no eixo da Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T), analisando questões cruciais contemporâneas e questões brasileiras específicas. Partindo de contribuições de relevantes autores, o trabalho focaliza os conceitos centrais de ciência, tecnologia e cooperação internacional em C&T, com distintas visões de especialistas em diferentes períodos. Na sequência, aborda tipologias da cooperação internacional, introduzindo uma reflexão sobre a técnica e a natureza humana, e sobre distinções entre “técnica” e “tecnologia”, bem como especificidades dos vetores da cooperação científico-tecnológica e da cooperação técnica. Prosseguindo, o artigo traz um breve histórico da trajetória da cooperação internacional em C&T, notadamente nos momentos demarcados pela Guerra Fria, aporta exemplos concretos e debate dilemas, oportunidades, riscos e desafios, bem como a realidade do Brasil diante deste instrumento da política externa dos governos.
Para além de um corpo transparente: investigando métodos e estratégias de esquadrinhar o sujeito homossexual
Authors: Magalhães Joanalira Corpes , Ribeiro Paula Regina Costa
Published: December 2014

O estudo investiga métodos utilizados para analisar sujeitos e classificá-los como homossexuais e discute como alguns mecanismos possibilitaram pelo olhar construir verdades sobre tais sujeitos. Com artigos do Science Direct, e usando a análise do discurso foucaultiana, observamos a atuação de duas tecnologias: técnicas de visualização médica dos corpos e exame. Elas transformam os indivíduos em peças de um dispositivo estratégico que permite utilizações como construção de saberes, produção de arquivos e dados, classificação dos sujeitos. Desenvolver tal pesquisa nos possibilita fazer emergir algumas relações entre homossexualidade, produção de saberes científicos, preconceito, políticas e saúde.
Discussões em torno da reconstrução do significado da lepra no período pós-sulfônico, Minas Gerais, na década de 1950
Authors: Carvalho Keila Auxiliadora
Published: December 2014

Da perspectiva histórica, todos os elementos que envolvem uma doença, desde sua nomeação até a carga de significado que lhe é atribuída, resultam de "negociações" elaboradas por múltiplos atores sociais. No caso da lepra, a descoberta das sulfonas, em 1941, contribuiu de forma significativa para a transformação do entendimento dessa enfermidade, gerando um questionamento acerca das ações utilizadas para o seu controle/combate, sobretudo o isolamento compulsório dos doentes. Com base nesses pressupostos, este artigo analisa o debate que se constituiu acerca do processo de substituição das antigas práticas profiláticas para o controle da lepra, em um importante periódico de circulação nacional, Arquivos Mineiros de Leprologia, na década de 1950.
Alcoolismo e estética da existência: Jack London e a lógica branca de John Barleycorn
Authors: Arantes Marco Antonio
Published: December 2014

Elaborada durante as discussões da Lei Seca e o Sufrágio Universal nos EUA, no início do século XX - duas emendas que seriam aprovadas no sistema constitucional americano -, Memórias alcoólicas, do escritor norteamericano Jack London, é considerada uma obra referencial sobre o tema do alcoolismo. Tendo esse tema como fio condutor, o artigo analisa como a sua prosa se constitui em prática de si enquanto construção de subjetividade e organização da existência. Investiga como essa obra estabelece relações com a temática do cuidado de si, problematizada por Michel Foucault nos volumes 2 e 3 da História da sexualidade, acerca da estética da existência e das artes de viver presentes no universo social greco-romano e helenístico.
A saúde do trabalhador e a (des)proteção social no capitalismo contemporâneo
Authors: Ferreira Aurora Marcionila de Assunção , Amaral Angela Santana do
Published: December 2014

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que analisa as determinações sociais do afastamento dos trabalhadores acometidos por acidentes de trabalho ou doenças ocupacionais e sua relação com as novas exigências do mundo produtivo, que resulta na perda da sua capacidade de trabalho e da saúde, colocando-os na condição de desprotegidos. A investigação foi fundamentada no aporte teóricometodológico da teoria social crítica, com ênfase na abordagem qualitativa, revisão da literatura sobre o tema e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez trabalhadores que vivenciam a problemática do estudo, no período de 2010 a 2012. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de mecanismos que são levados a cabo pelo Estado com fortes impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores.
¿Qué significa atravesar un proceso de rehabilitación? Dimensiones culturales y sociales en las experiencias de los adultos con discapacidad motriz del Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Venturiello María Pía
Published: December 2014

El objetivo de este escrito es analizar las experiencias de las personas con discapacidad motriz en torno a su rehabilitación, en relación con dimensiones culturales y sociales. La estrategia metodológica es cualitativa y se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 39 personas con discapacidad motriz mayores de 50 años, residentes en el Gran Buenos Aires. En primer lugar, se aborda cómo se percibe la discapacidad y la anormalidad en el proceso de rehabilitación; en segundo lugar, se reconstruye la percepción del cuerpo con discapacidad en relación al entorno físico y, como tercer punto, se abordan los condicionantes socioeconómicos del tratamiento médico.
A epidemia de HIV/Aids e a ação do Estado. Diferenças entre Brasil, África do Sul e Moçambique
Authors: Vieira Ana Cristina de Souza , Rocha Maria Solange Guerra , Head Judith Frances , Casimiro Isabel Maria Alçada Padez Cortesão
Published: December 2014

Este artigo discute a ação do Estado quanto à política de saúde para prevenção e tratamento de pessoas com HIV/Aids, foco de um estudo realizado entre 2011 e 2012 em três países do eixo sul-sul: Brasil, África do Sul e Moçambique, marcados por desigualdade de renda e pobreza, e por processos de cidadania em construção. Utiliza o método histórico-dialético para desenvolver uma pesquisa de tipo quantiqualitativo, com análise de dados secundários sobre a epidemia, a realidade socioeconômica e a política de saúde desses países. O trabalho de campo envolveu observação, grupos focais e entrevistas em unidades de saúde em Recife, Cape Town e Maputo. Conclui que a concretização do direito à saúde e à vida tem se tornado possível com o maior envolvimento do Estado na garantia de serviços e distribuição de antirretrovirais, com avanços mais significativos no Brasil que nos demais países.
La política de salud en Cuba en el nuevo milenio: la contribución del Trabajo Social
Authors: Lourenço Edvânia Ângela de Souza , Ruiz Reina Fleitas
Published: December 2014

Este texto tiene como objetivo discutir la política de salud en Cuba y exponer algunos apuntes acerca del Trabajo Social en Salud. Para tanto, se realiza un estudio bibliográfico y se recolectan datos empíricos que se obtienen de cinco entrevistas realizadas, en el 2013, con profesores, trabajadores sociales y representantes de la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas. Durante el trabajo, para resaltar las particularidades de la situación de salud en Cuba y de sus políticas, con frecuencia se compara con la realidad de la salud y el Servicio Social en Brasil.
Normatividad y visión societal en políticas públicas participativas de salud en Centroamérica
Authors: Rubio Ximena de los Ángeles Barros , Ugarte Victoria Soledad Rivera
Published: December 2014

Las políticas públicas en salud de Centroamérica incorporan la participación social como elemento fundamental para la optimización de los servicios de salud y la consecución de la equidad social. No obstante, en éstas, subyacen mecanismos que las debilitan, distorsionan, producen bajos niveles de participación, obstaculizan su promoción y profundizan el nivel central. El artículo analiza este tipo de políticas públicas en Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Costa Rica, implicando categorías de análisis diferentes a los modos tradicionales de análisis de política pública: visión societal luhmanniana y normatividad habermasiana. Metodológicamente, se usa la investigación de tipo exploratoria documental de fuentes bibliográficas electrónicas. Como resultado, las políticas presentan elementos postconvencionales, que no operan en la implementación ni evaluación de la política, y la tendencia es hacia la jerarquía, por lo cual, el desafío es superar la presencia del “actor omnisciente”.
Oxidative stress and plasma lipoproteins in cancer patients
Authors: Maia Fernanda Maria Machado , Santos Emanuelly Barbosa , Reis Germana Elias
Published: December 2014

Objective To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer.Methods This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde.Results In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027).Conclusion The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress.
Soccer and homosexuality: The conflicts that lie within the affective game of the coach-adolescent athlete relationship
Authors: Moioli Altair , Machado Afonso Antônio , Zanetti Marcelo Callegari , Campbell Debra Frances , Gomes António Rui
Published: December 2014

Discussions regarding homosexuality within a sports context are mediated by emotional nuances, especially in the world of soccer, where practitioners are required to have attributes such as strength, masculinity and aggressiveness. As a consequence, this work aimed to analyze the symbolic representation of homosexual relationships between adolescent soccer players and their coaches; and, furthermore, to understand the intention behind homoerotic relationships that are established between members of the management team and its players. In this study, researchers used the life history methodology, with participation from three adolescent athletes, ages 14, 15 and 16, and three former athletes, ages 26, 28 and 45, who we called speakers. Based on the collection and analysis of research participants' testimonies, homosexual relations were found to have occurred between athletes and coaches, or between athletes and other members of the management team, as a part of a "social contract" that is exclusively linked to their professional objectives. These relationships appear to be purely objective; authentic affective links are absent, due apparently to the transient nature of the athletes in these groups. Too, this context is usually marked by the athlete's physical and emotional vulnerability, and the agreements he makes within this context are accompanied with moral dilemmas, because such adolescents idealize the coach as a paternal archetype.
Physical activity habits in a European sports event: A case study
Authors: Gallardo Leonor , Sánchez-Sánchez Javier , Calabuig Ferran , Burillo Pablo , Felipe José Luis , Fernández-Luna Álvaro
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study is to learn more about the physical activity habits of participants in a popular sporting event such as European Sports Day, which is held simultaneously in five European countries (Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Ireland, and Hungary), and to measure the influence of socio-demographic variables on these habits. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 856 participants, stratified by gender, age, and nationality. We statistically analyzed five variables related to physical activity habits: frequency of physical activity practice, places of practice, motives of practice, perceived fitness level, and popular event attendance. Of the participants, 76.8% said they perform physical activity weekly. Fitness/health improvement (34.63%) and entertainment/leisure (26.52%) are the main reasons for the practice of physical activity. Age and nationality are differentiating factors on physical activity habits.
Exercise and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: Gender differences and disease severity
Authors: Teixeira-Arroyo Claudia , Rinaldi Natália Madalena , Batistela Rosangela Alice , Barbieri Fabio Augusto , Vitório Rodrigo , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken
Published: December 2014

This study investigated the effect of a multimodal exercise program on executive functions and memory in people with Parkinson's disease, taking into account disease severity and gender. Twenty-three patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were evaluated before and after a 6-month exercise program to improve executive functions and memory. We observed the effects of the intervention on executive functions (ability to abstract: p = .01), immediate memory (p= .04) and declarative episodic memory (p < .001). Women showed higher scores on declarative episodic memory (p = .03) than men, however there was no interaction between gender and the intervention. Regardless of sex and disease severity, these preliminary results indicate that the multimodal exercise seems to be effective in improving cognitive functions in patients with PD, suggesting that this program can be indicated as a preventive strategy to mitigate progressive cognitive deficits in the later stages of the disease.
Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) in Brazil
Authors: Barros Luiz Daniel de , Taroda Alessandra , Zulpo Dauton Luiz , Cunha Ivo Alexandre Leme da , Sammi Ana Sue , Cardim Sérgio Tosi , Miura Ana Carolina , Su Chunlei , Machado Rosangela Zacarias , Vidotto Odilon , Garcia João Luis
Published: December 2014

Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata), which are common in urban, rural and wild areas in many regions of Brazil, are frequently prey for domestic cats. Therefore Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from doves may reflect greater environmental diversity than those from other hosts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate T. gondii seroprevalence, isolate and genotype strains from Z. auriculata. Serum and tissue samples were collected from 206 doves for use in the modified agglutination test (MAT) and mouse bioassay. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the doves was 22.3% (46/206), with titers ranging from 16 to 4096, and T. gondii strains were isolated from 12 of these doves. Five genotypes were detected by means of PCR-RFLP, including ToxoDB genotypes #1, #6, #17 and #65, and one genotype that had not previously been described (ToxoDB#182). This was the first report on isolation of T. gondii from Z. auriculata. This study confirmed the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates and the existence of clonal type II (ToxoDB genotype #1) in Brazil.
Retrieval of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from grass contaminated in winter and in spring
Authors: Rocha Raquel Abdallah da , Bricarello Patrizia Ana , Rocha Gilberto Pedroso da , Amarante Alessandro Francisco Talamini do
Published: December 2014

The survival of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis was evaluated on Brachiaria, Coast-cross and Aruana forage grasses. Feces of sheep parasitized exclusively by T. colubriformis were deposited in winter and spring on experimental plots whose grasses were cut at two heights: 5 cm and 30 cm. One, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after depositing the feces, fecal and forage samples were collected for the retrieval and quantification of L3. Retrieval of L3 from feces and forage was negligible in winter due to the dry weather, although a few larvae were retrieved in the last larval collections. However, L3 retrieval from fecal samples was greater in spring, especially two weeks after feces were deposited on 30 cm high grasses. At this time, the L3 retrieval rate from the three forage grasses differed significantly (P <0.05), with Aruana grass showing the highest average L3 retrieval rate, followed by Coast-cross and Brachiaria. In conclusion, the winter drought proved very unfavorable for the presence of L3 in the environment, and the microclimate of Aruana pastureland was generally the most favorable for the retrieval of infective larvae.
Hemoplasma prevalence and hematological abnormalities associated with infection in three different cat populations from Southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Andrea Pires dos , Conrado Francisco de Oliveira , Messick Joanne Belle , Biondo Alexander Welker , Oliveira Simone Tostes de , Guimaraes Ana Marcia Sá , Nascimento Naíla Cannes do , Pedralli Viviane , Lasta Camila Serina , González Félix Hilário Diaz
Published: December 2014

Three hemoplasma species are recognized in domestic cats: Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. We report the prevalence and hematological abnormalities of hemoplasma infection in 369 domestic cats from three different populations (blood donors, hospitalized cats and shelter cats) from Southern Brazil. Complete blood counts were performed at the time of blood collection, and DNA was extracted and tested by conventional PCR for each hemoplasma species. A total of 79 samples (21.40%) were positive for at least one species. The most prevalent hemoplasma was ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, with 50/369 (13.55%) positive cats, followed by ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’, 10/369 (2.71%), and Mycoplasma haemofelis, 8/369 (2.16%). Mycoplasma haemofelis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ coinfection was observed in 4/369 (1.08%), whereas ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’ in 5/369 (1.35%). Three cats (0.81%) were infected with all three hemoplasmas. There was no association between infection and the different populations. Anemia was associated with Mycoplasma haemofelis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, but not with ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. Male cats and cats with outdoor access were more likely to be infected. Although ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ is believed to cause minimal or no hematological alterations, the infected cats studied herein were more likely to be anemic.
Sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Vieira Vanessa Diniz , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Athayde Ana Célia Rodrigues , Azevedo Sérgio Santos , Souto Diego Vagner de Oliveira , Silveira Gian Libânio da , Melo Lídio Ricardo Bezerra de
Published: December 2014

In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors relating to gastrointestinal helminthiasis, and to characterize the sanitary management practiced among sheep herds in the Sertão region of the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, based on factors that condition the ways of controlling these parasites in these herds. The research was carried out between April and July 2012. We visited 54 farms, where fecal and blood samples were individually collected from 465 animals. On each farm, a questionnaire was applied to gather information on variables relating to potential risk factors. The prevalence of sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the region was 75.9%. At least one animal tested positive for this helminthiasis on 53 (98.1%) of the 54 farms evaluated. The eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis showed the following infection burdens: 51.8% with mild infection, 27.1% moderate infection, 9.9% heavy infection and 11.2% fatal infection. Among the sheep farms visited, anthelmintics were used on 81.5% (p <0.05). The most relevant risk factor in this study was the farm area, because it defines the area available for grazing animals. Properties with many animals and little pasture area, which are the most abundant type in the Sertão region of Paraíba, tend to have high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, because the animals are more prone to reinfection. The Sertão region of Paraíba presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among sheep, and the farm area is the most relevant risk factor for the development of these parasites.
Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and wild animals from forest fragments of the municipality of Natal, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Fournier Gislene Fátima da Silva Rocha , Lopes Marcos Gomes , Marcili Arlei , Ramirez Diego Garcia , Acosta Igor Cunha Lima , Ferreira Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva , Cabral Aline Diniz , Lima Júlia Tereza Ribeiro de , Pena Hilda Fátima de Jesus , Dias Ricardo Augusto , Gennari Solange Maria
Published: December 2014

Toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. In the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. Altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the Parque da Cidade. In total, 22 (53.7%) non-volant wild mammals, 11 (21.5%) bats and 28 (52.8%) cats were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (≥ 25). It was possible to detect the presence of T. gondii DNA, by means of a molecular amplification of a B1 gene fragment (155bp), in 92 tissue samples from wild animals, including Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina. Of the 62 cats examined by the same molecular method, T. gondii DNA could be detected in 4 cats. In this study, it was observed the circulation of T. gondii in wild species and domestic cats, demonstrating the involvement of wild and domestic animals in the cycle of T. gondii.
Effect of a spray formulation on the reproductive parameters of a susceptible population of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Cruz Breno Cayeiro , Lopes Welber Daniel Zanetti , Maciel Willian Giquelin , Felipelli Gustavo , Teixeira Weslen Fabricio Pires , Favero Flavia Carolina , Prando Luciana , Buzzulini Carolina , Sorares Vando Edesio , Gomes Lucas Vinicius Costa , Bichuette Murilo Abud , Costa Alvimar José da
Published: December 2014

The number of studies emphasizing the possible damage that acaricidal spray formulations can cause on engorged female ticks' reproductive parameters is small. The present study evaluated the deleterious effects of a spray formulation (dichlorvos 60% + chlorpyrifos 20%) on the reproductive parameters of a susceptible population of Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus females, using the Stall Test. The ticks were allocated randomly to treatments according to the mean numbers of females detached from each cow on days -3, -2 and -1 and the cattle pen location. The numbers of engorged female ticks that naturally detached from the cattle were counted daily from day 1 to day 30. For each group, 20 detached engorged female ticks or the available number collected daily were evaluated regarding reproductive parameters. Associations of organophosphates demonstrated elevated acaricidal efficacy, as well as deleterious effects on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus females. The engorged female weight (days 1 to 7), weight of egg masses (days 5 to 10) and larval hatching percentage (days 5 to 19) were decreased (P ≤ 0.05). It is possible that a formulation can lead to deleterious effects on R. (B.) microplus females when the tick population analyzed shows elevated sensitivity towards a particular formulation. However, further studies need to be conducted.
Public Perception of Cancer Care in Poland and Austria
Authors: Jȩdrzejewski Mariusz , Thallinger Christiane , Mrozik Magda , Kornek Gabriela , Zielinski Christoph , Jassem Jacek
Published: December 2014

Background.

We compared the public perception of cancer care in Poland and Austria. Both countries are members of the European Union (EU) but reflect two extremes in health-related per capita spending. Recently, the EUROCARE-5 study reported on very discrepant cancer outcomes between the two countries.

Methods.

A one-time survey was conducted to compare the public perception of cancer treatment in Poland and Austria. In total, 3,649 subjects, representing the general population, cancer patients, and cancer patients’ family members, were surveyed.

Results.

In both countries, cancer was considered the most challenging problem of the health care system, and health care was indicated as the most important issue influencing political election decisions. Polish compared with Austrian cancer patients gave a significantly lower positive assessment of overall cancer treatment efficacy and detection methods. Cancer cure rates estimated by Polish and Austrian citizens were 29% and 44%, respectively. The majority of all citizens interviewed thought that cancer patients should have access to all available registered cancer drugs. However, only 18% of Poles versus 62% of Austrians agreed with the notion that the available cancer treatment in their countries is of a standard comparable to that of other EU countries. Consequently, 24% of Poles and 7% of Austrians identified financial status, age, gender, and residence as factors influencing the availability of cancer treatments.

Conclusion.

In both countries, cancer is considered the most challenging problem of the health care system, and health care issues may strongly influence decisions for political elections. Vast differences in the two populations’ perceptions of cancer care reflect actual cancer outcomes and the national per capita spending on health-related issues.
The role of cementation in the behaviour of cemented soils
Authors: Lade Poul V. , Trads Niels
Published: December 2014

The behaviour of cemented soil and the role of cementation are reviewed based on experimental results. The review is presented in terms of geomechanics concepts in which the cemented soil may be modelled by elasticity and hardening plasticity concepts. No modelling equations are given, but the observed behaviour is analysed in view of the components entering into an elastoplastic model. These consist of an elastic range in stress space in which energy is not created or expended, a cementation yield surface, a 3D failure surface, a plastic potential, a yield surface and the associated plastic hardening law.