bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peter the Venerable
Authors: Iqbal Zafar
Published: August 2022

Polemics against Islam, the Qur’ān and the Prophet Muḥammad (peace be on him) are not new in the realm of literature. Nonetheless, the artefacts produced by Peter the Venerable (1092-1156 CE) were seminal and had lasting effects on the perceptions of Islam in the West. His work has been considered prophetic and the line of arguments he developed continued to find space in contemporary Islamophobic literature. His work included translation of the Qur’ān in Latin with the help of his associates and annotations by himself; besides al Kindy, Summa, and Contra, to name a few. This paper analyzes the polemics produced by Peter the Venerable against the Prophet Muḥammad in the twelfth century CE. This analysis encompasses three main dimensions i.e., exploring axiological connections of the polemicist with his chosen area for creating literary artefacts, linguistic techniques and metaphors used, and areas of the personality of the Prophet aimed in the polemics. Further, six main areas of the life of the Prophet have been identified and analyzed, which included polemics against the person of the Prophet; polemics against his family and friends; polemics against his actions; polemics against his regional affiliation; polemics against his prophethood; and the polemics to prove the Prophet a personification of Satan. The paper concludes that the continuation of negativities in such an organized fashion against Islam and the Prophet has transformed Islamophobia into neo-Islamophobia, wherein a socio-cultural and political order seems to have been prevailing in the West.
On Increments of Instability of Capillary Waves on the Surface of a Charged Electrically Conductive Jet Moving Relative to the Medium
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia, Shiryaeva S. O. , Grigor’ev A. I. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia, Petrushov N. A. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia
Published: August 2022

For the first azimuthal modes of a charged jet of an electrically conductive incompressible liquid, the increments of the instability of capillary waves, their magnitude and dependence on the physical parameters of the task, the position of the instability zones on the set of wave numbers were investigated. In the conducted studies, it was found that the widths of the ranges of wave numbers of un-stable waves and the values of instability increments depend on the square of the intensity of an electrostatic field and the square of the speed of relative motion, increasing at a higher field strength and speed. In the absence of a charge on the jet, bending instability has a threshold character, and it is realized not at any low speed value but starting from some final value of it.
Joint Diffusion of Gallium and Phosphorus Atoms in Silicon
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Zikrillaev N. F. , Isamov S. B. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Koveshnikov S. V. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Kenzhaev Z. T. ,   Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Turekeev Kh. S. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan
Published: August 2022

It was found that the diffusion of gallium and phosphorus atoms from the gas phase into silicon not only compensates, but also a particular interaction with each other. Elemental analysis on a scanning electron microscope showed that gallium and phosphorus atoms are present on the silicon surface after diffusion and processing in similar concentrations. Investigation of the concentration distribution of charge carriers over depth shows that, upon joint diffusion, the solubility of gallium increases by one order of magnitude. In this case, the mobility of charge carriers decreased 3–4 times. Based on the data obtained, the concentration (~ 1019 cm-3) of neutral complexes [Ga-P+] and their formation energy (~ 0.62 eV) were calculated. The results obtained can be associated with the electrostatic interaction of gallium and phosphorus ions during diffusion, as a result of which, the concentration distribution of impurities changes, as well as the formation of quasineutral complexes of the [Ga-P+] type in the silicon lattice.
Features of Transmission and Thermal Losses of Electromagnetic Energy in a Two-Wire Overhead Power Line with the Alternating Electric Current of Conductivity
Authors:   Research and Design Institute “Molniya” of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine, Baranov M. I.
Published: August 2022

The results of the research related to the establishment of basic features of transmission and thermal (joule) losses of electromagnetic energy in a homogeneous two-wire overhead power line with the metallic wires of eventual sizes (by the radius of r0 and length l0 >>r0) and alternating (impulsive) electric current of conductivity of i0(t) of different peak-temporal parameters are presented. With the view of the quantum-wave nature of electric current of conductivity of i0(t), it was found that in the metallic wires of probed overhead lines there appear the standing transversal electromagnetic waves (EMWs) that cannot be transmitted at the distance of electromagnetic energy. It is demonstrated that from a weak dispersion of the quantized longitudinal electronic de Broglie semi-waves on the crystal-line lattice sites of a metal (alloy) of wires of the investigated line, the thermal losses of energy are spotted on those lattice sites. The features of the influence of the transversal EMWs in the air envi-ronment of the studied lines on the process of transmission in the overhead power lines at a distance of electro-magnetic energy are established.
The Influence of Manganese Atoms on Magnetic Properties of Silicon
Authors:   Almalyk Branch of the Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Sattarov O. E. , Mavlyanov A. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, An A. ,   Almalyk Branch of the Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan
Published: August 2022

The authors in the present paper suggest that it is possible to manipulate the state of manganese at-oms in the silicon lattice, thus significantly changing the state and character of the magnetic resistance of the studied silicon sample. The authors have been able to determine how magnetic resistance in silicon with a varying number of manganese atoms (single atomic or aggregates) changes as a function of temperature, light, and electric field.
Plasma-Capillary Effect in the Gap Formed by Vertically Fixed Two Cylindrical Rods
Authors:   Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Russia, Dubinov A. E. , Lyubimtseva V. A. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Russia
Published: August 2022

It is experimentally shown that a meniscus is raised under the action of pulsed-periodic spark discharges between the electrode and the meniscus in a capillary formed by two vertically fixed cylindrical rods. The recorded effect can be applied, for example, to intensify technological processes of the fabric impregnation.
Intensification of the Processes of Extraction of Humic Acids from Biosubstrates under the Action of Electric Discharges
Authors:   Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Malyushevskaya A. P. , Yushchishina A. N. ,   Sukhomlinsky Nikolaev State University, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the study of factors participating in the extraction of humic acids from plant substrates under the action of electric discharges. Using the example of the electric discharge treat-ment of the peat-water suspension, it was demonstrated that the main factor affecting the intensity of extraction is the degree of the solid phase of the biosubstrate-water suspension grinding, which depends on the pressure amplitude at a distance of the inner radius of the chamber and the number of discharge pulses. Experimental studies have shown that the amount of chemical reagents (alkalis) commonly used in the extraction of humic acids from peat can be significantly reduced due to the appearance of radicals and peroxide compounds in the peat-water suspension during the ac-tion of an electric discharge. The perspectives of a non-thermal electric discharge meth-od for intensifying the extraction of humic acids from biosubstrates are determined.
Gas-Discharge Point Source of UV Radiation Based on a Gas-Vapor Mixture of Argon and Copper
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Shuaibov A. K. , Gritsak R. V. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Minya A. I. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Gomoki Z. T. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Malinina A. A. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Malinin A. N. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine, Vatrala M. I. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The characteristics of a pulse periodic source of a long-range UV radiation with overvoltage pumping by a bipolar discharge of nanosecond duration between copper electrodes in argon at atmospheric pressure are investigated. Copper vapors were introduced into the discharge due to the ectonic mechanism, in which a sufficient amount of the electrode material vapors is introduced into the discharge gap due to microexplosions of inhomogeneities of the surface of metal electrodes in a strong electric field of an overvoltage high-current nanosecond discharge. The characteristics of an overvoltage nanosecond discharge at a distance between the electrodes of 2 mm are studied. The emission spectra of the discharge were analysed, and the intensity of the UV radiation of a point emitter was optimized depending on the supply voltage of the high-voltage modulator and the repeti-tion rate of discharge pulses. The identification of the emission spectra of plasma made it possible to establish the main excited plasma products that form the spectrum of the UV radiation of the plas-ma. The study of the spectral characteristics of plasma based on gas-vapor mixtures "copper – ar-gon" showed that the most intense were the spectral resonance spectral lines of the copper atom and ion. It was found that a space-uniform overvoltage nanosecond discharge was ignited between copper electrodes at an inter-electrode distance of 2 mm. It was found that the maximum value of the average UV power at p(Ar) = 101 kPa was observed for the UV-A range.
Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit der fixen Kombination aus Ibuprofen (400 mg) und Coffein (100 mg) im Vergleich zu Ibuprofen, Coffein und Placebo bei akuten Schmerzen
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Bringt die Kombination von Ibuprofen mit Coffein Vorteile gegenüber Ibuprofen bei der Akutschmerzbehandlung? Eine randomisierte, placebokontrollierte, doppelblinde Studie verglich Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit dieser Kombination mit Ibuprofen, Coffein und Placebo bei akuten, mäßig starken bis starken Schmerzen. Die Kombination war allen anderen Behandlungen bezüglich der Schmerzlinderung über 8 Stunden, dem Wirkeintritt, der Responderrate, sowie der Einnahme eines Notfall-Analgetikums deutlich überlegen; Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit wurden gezeigt. Somit stellt die Kombination aus Ibuprofen und Coffein eine überlegene Therapie-Option gegenüber Ibuprofen zur Behandlung akuter Schmerzen dar.
Eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade da combinação fixa de ibuprofeno (400 mg) e cafeína (100 mg) comparada com ibuprofeno, cafeína e placebo na dor aguda
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Será que a combinação de ibuprofeno com cafeína tem vantagens sobre apenas o ibuprofeno no tratamento da dor aguda? Um estudo clínico com dupla ocultação, controlado com placebo e aleatorizado comparou a eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade de uma combinação de ibuprofeno mais cafeína com a de cada uma das substâncias ou placebo na dor aguda, moderada a grave. A combinação foi superior a todos os outros tratamentos relacionados com o alívio da dor durante 8 horas, início da ação, taxa de resposta e a ingestão de um analgésico de resgate; foram demonstradas a segurança e a tolerabilidade. Deste modo, a combinação de ibuprofeno e cafeína é uma opção de tratamento superior quando comparada com apenas ibuprofeno para o tratamento da dor aguda.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of the fixed combination of ibuprofen (400 mg) and caffeine (100 mg) compared with ibuprofen, caffeine and placebo in in acute pain
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Does combining ibuprofen with caffeine have advantages over ibuprofen alone in the treatment of acute pain? A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study compared efficacy, safety and tolerability of an ibuprofen + caffeine combination with that of the separate substances or placebo in acute, moderate to severe pain. The combination was superior to all the other treatments in relation to pain relief over 8 hours, onset of action, responder rate and the ingestion of a rescue (escape) analgesic; safety and tolerability were demonstrated. Thus the combination of ibuprofen and caffeine is a superior treatment option compared with ibuprofen alone for the treatment of acute pain.
Abdomineller Schmerz, Krämpfe und Unwohlsein beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität von Frauen: Eine Internet-basierte Beobachtungsstudie mit Fokus auf die Behandlung
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

In dieser Internet-basierten Beobachtungsstudie gaben 96% der befragten Frauen an, dass abdominelle Schmerzen, Krämpfe und Unbehagen ihre täglichen Aktivitäten manchmal bzw. bei 44% sogar häufig beeinträchtigten. Aus Sicht der Betroffenen können die Symptome erfolgreich mit Butylscopolamin und statistisch signifikant weniger erfolgreich mit alkoholischen Pflanzenextrakten und Analgetika behandelt werden.
Gesunde Erwachsene mit starkem Stress und Hypomagnesiämie profitieren von einer Kombination aus Magnesium und Vitamin B6
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Die hier beschriebene randomisierte, einfach verblindete klinische Studie untersuchte die Auswirkungen einer Supplementierung von Magnesium im Vergleich zu einer kombinierten Gabe von Magnesium und Vitamin B6. Während sich bei moderatem Stress keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Studienarmen zeigten, profitierten Patienten mit Hypomagnesiämie und starkem bis sehr starken Stress von einer Kombination aus Magnesium und Vitamin B6.
Bereiten coffeinhaltige Kombinationsanalgetika schlaflose Nächte?
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

In zwei Studien, in denen Ibuprofen in einer Kombination mit 100 mg Coffein dreimal täglich eingesetzt wurde, fanden sich keine relevanten Auswirkungen auf die Schlafqualität der Probanden. Von insgesamt 538 Patienten traten nur bei ein bis zwei von 100 Teilnehmern Medikamenten-bedingte Schlafprobleme auf. In der einer Studie gaben sogar lediglich 0,8% der Teilnehmer Schlafstörungen an – genauso viele wie im Placebo-Arm.
Schmerzmittel mit Wirkverstärker – Kombinationsanalgetika mit Coffein
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Ein Review der Cochrane Collaboration verglich den analgetischen Effekt eines üblichen Analgetikums, mit einer Kombination aus Analgetikum und Coffein. Die Zugabe von Coffein erhöhte bei allen untersuchten Schmerzzuständen signifikant den Anteil der Patienten, die eine effektive Schmerzlinderung erfuhren. Die Autoren fanden keine Hinweise auf schwerwiegende unerwünschte Ereignisse, die mit dem Analgetikum oder mit Coffein zusammenhingen.
Zügig einschlafen – entspannt erwachen!
Authors: Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

Verschiedene Ursachen, darunter Stress oder erhöhter Medienkonsum, führen zu einer Abnahme oder sogar einem Ausbleiben der körpereigenen Melatonin-Ausschüttung gefolgt von Einschlafproblemen. Die Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit (EFSA) bestätigt: „Melatonin trägt dazu bei, die Einschlafzeit zu verkürzen“ wenn 1 mg Melatonin kurz vor dem Schlafengehen eingenommen wird. Höhere Dosierungen in ansonsten gesunden Probanden korrelierten nicht mit einer Wirkverbesserung.
Von der Virus-Deaktivierung in vitro zur klinischen Bedeutung: ein Mundspray bei üblicher Erkältung, das Glycerol und Kabeljau-Trypsin enthält
Authors: Schuett Tanja , Loehn Matthias
Published: August 2022

Trypsin in Kombination mit Glycerol zeigte in-vitro eine Deaktivierung üblicher Erkältungsviren. Eine Pilotstudie und eine vergleichende multizentrische Studie untersuchten in-vivo die Senkung der Viruslast und die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität bei erkälteten Probanden nach Anwendung der Wirkstoffe als Rachenspray. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich eine Senkung der Viruslast, eine Verkürzung der Erkältungsdauer sowie eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität.
Macrogol – leitliniengerecht bei Verstopfung
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

Für die Linderung einer Verstopfung spielt die Erhöhung der Stuhlfrequenz und eine Verbesserung der Stuhlkonsistenz eine entscheidende Rolle. Internationale wie nationale Leitlinien sehen die positive Wirkung von Macrogol in Bezug auf beide Parameter mit hoher Evidenz. Es wird als gut verträglich und sicher eingestuft. In einigen Leitlinien werden mit gleichem Empfehlungsgrad die stimulierenden Laxantien Bisacodyl und Natriumpicosulfat empfohlen.
Akútny kašeľ: po prvý raz – jasné odporúčanie ambroxolu ako symptomatickej liečby
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Podľa nových usmernení Nemeckej respiračnej spoločnosti je akútny kašeľ pri nachladnutí bez klinických indikácií zápalu pľúc alebo iných varovných signálov hlavnou oblasťou samoliečby. Trvanie – do dvoch týždňov – je rozhodujúce pre klasifikovanie kašľa ako „akútny“. Po zhodnotení randomizovaných, kontrolovaných štúdií autori dospeli k záveru, že ambroxol (podobne ako viacero bylinných liekov) skracuje trvanie a/alebo znižuje intenzitu kašľa pri akútnej bronchitíde. Autori usmernenia odporúčajú dextrometorfán na suchý, obťažujúci kašeľ spojený s infekciou horných dýchacích ciest.
Ambroxol reduz a frequência da tosse (durante o dia e durante a noite) e, por esse motivo,melhora a capacidade de concentração e a qualidade de vida
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Foi efetuado um inquérito a clientes de farmácias que tinham usado uma das quatro apresentações diferentes de ambroxol na tosse aguda. Os resultados demonstraram os benefícios terapêuticos do ambroxol na automedicação para aliviar a tosse aguda. As diferentes apresentações mostraram uma eficácia semelhante.
Akuutin yskän lievitys limakalvoa suojaavalla yskänlääkkeellä
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Kahdessa satunnaistetussa, sokkoutetussa, kontrolloidussa monikeskustutkimuksessa selvitettiin polysakkarideja, resiiniä ja hunajaa sisältävän yskänlääkkeen kemiallismekaanisen esteen terapeuttista vaikutusta ylähengitysteihin flunssaan liittyvässä akuutissa yskässä lapsilla. Limakalvojen suojaus lievensi lasten yskää merkittävästi verrattuna karbosisteiiniä sisältävään yskänlääkkeeseen tai lumelääkkeeseen. Vaikutuksesta saatu hyöty oli erityisen ilmeistä lapsilla, joilla oli vaikea yskä ja/tai yöllä esiintyvää yskää.
Specificità dei soggetti di sesso femminile relativamente all'incidenza e al trattamento della stitichezza
Authors: Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

La stitichezza influisce non solo sulle evacuazioni quotidiane, ma anche sul benessere delle persone che ne soffrono. Da un sondaggio online che ha coinvolto oltre 5.000 persone è emerso che l'impatto (sia fisico che emotivo) è spesso molto maggiore nelle donne che negli uomini. Quanto al trattamento, i dati derivanti dagli studi sui lassativi bisacodile e sodio picosolfato dimostrano che le donne rispondono più rapidamente ai lassativi e traggono dal trattamento un beneficio maggiore in termini di qualità della vita rispetto ai soggetti di sesso maschile.
Caraterísticas próprias da mulher no que se refere à ocorrência e tratamento da obstipação
Authors: Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

A obstipação não tem impacto apenas nos movimentos intestinais diários mas também no bem-estar das pessoas afetadas. Um inquérito online a mais de 5000 participantes demonstrou que as mulheres são frequentemente muito mais afetadas - quer do ponto de vista físico quer emocional – do que os homens. No que se refere ao tratamento, dados obtidos em estudos efetuados com os laxantes bisacodil e picossulfato de sódio demonstraram que as mulheres tiveram uma resposta mais rápida aos laxantes e, relativamente à sua qualidade de vida, tiveram maior benefício do tratamento do que os seus parceiros masculinos.
Dores abdominais, cólicas e mal-estar afetam adversamente a qualidade de vida das mulheres; um estudo observacional baseado na Internet, focado no tratamento
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

Neste estudo observacional baseado na internet, 96% das mulheres interrogadas declararam que as dores abdominais, cólicas e mal-estar interferiam por vezes nas suas atividades diárias; 44% até referiram que isso acontecia frequentemente. As mulheres afetadas consideravam que os sintomas podiam ser tratados com êxito com butilbrometo de hioscina e – estatisticamente – com muito menos êxito com extratos alcoólicos à base de plantas ou analgésicos.
Recomendações orientadoras relativas ao tratamento da dor abdominal (na síndroma do cólon irritável)
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

A dor abdominal é frequente e diminui a qualidade de vida. Muitas sociedades de especialistas por todo o mundo formularam orientações acerca do tratamento da síndrome do cólon irritável e todos eles referem os antiespasmódicos para o tratamento da dor abdominal. Porém, as substâncias exatas utilizadas dependem das opções de tratamento disponíveis. Deve ser referido que muitas orientações recomendam explicitamente o uso de butilbrometo de hioscina e de óleo de menta, ao passo que o uso de analgésicos não é uma opção.
Preporuke za lečenje bola u abdomenu (kod sindroma nervoznih creva)
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Bol u abdomenu je uobičajen i negativno utiče na kvalitet života. Brojna udruženja specijalista širom sveta uspostavila su smernice za lečenje sindroma nervoznih creva i sve one navode antispazmodike za lečenje bola u abdomenu. Međutim, korišćenje tačno određenih supstanci zavisi od dostupnih opcija lečenja. Vredi napomenuti da brojne smernice izričito preporučuju hioscin butilbromid i ulje peperminta, dok upotreba analgetika nije opcija.
Direktívne odporúčania pre liečbu bolesti brucha (pri syndróme dráždivého čreva)
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Bolesť brucha je častý stav, ktorý narušuje kvalitu života. Mnohé špecializované spoločnosti po celom svete sformulovali usmernenia pre liečbu syndrómu dráždivého čreva, pričom všetky spomínajú antispazmodiká na liečbu bolesti brucha. Použitie konkrétnych látok však závisí od dostupných možností liečby. Je potrebné poznamenať, že mnohé usmernenia výslovne odporúčajú použiť hyoscín butylbromid a mätový olej v prípade, že použitie analgetík nie je možné.
Magneesiumi ja B6-vitamiini kombineeritud kasutamine on tulemuslik tervetel täiskasvanutel, kellel on tõsine stress ja hüpomagneseemia
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Selles pistelises ühepoolse pimemenetlusega kliinilises uuringus võrreldi ainult magneesiumi lisandina manustamise ning magneesiumi ja B6-vitamiini kombineeritult manustamise toimet. Kahe uuringus osaleva ravirühma vahel ei esinenud märkimisväärseid erinevusi mõõduka stressiga patsientide puhul, ent patsiendid, kellel esines hüpomagneseemia ning tõsine kuni väga tõsine stress, said abi magneesiumi ja B6-vitamiini kombineeritud kasutamisest.
Veseliem pieaugušajiem ar smagu stresu un hipomagniēmiju palīdz magnija un B6 vitamīna kombinācija
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Šajā randomizētajā, aizklātajā klīniskajā pētījumā tika pētīta magniju saturoša uztura bagātinātāja iedarbība salīdzinājumā ar magniju un B6 vitamīna kombināciju saturoša uztura bagātinātāja iedarbību. Kaut arī vidēja stresa gadījumā starp abām pētījuma grupām nebija būtiskas atšķirības, pacientiem ar hipomagniēmiju, kas pakļauti smagam vai ļoti smagam stresam, palīdzēja magnija un B6 vitamīna kombinācija.
Tratamento da dor aguda : comparação da eficácia do lisinato de ibuprofeno com o ibuprofeno
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

No tratamento da dor pretende-se um alívio rápido e eficaz. Um estudo clínico com dupla ocultação e controlado por placebo investigou a eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade de lisinato de ibuprofeno, ácido de ibuprofeno e placebo na dor aguda após a extração do dente do siso. O lisinato de ibuprofeno e o ácido de ibuprofeno foram igualmente bem tolerados e igualmente eficazes no que se refere ao alívio da dor durante um período de seis horas. Mas contra as expectativas, o início da ação do lisinato de ibuprofeno não foi significativamente mais rápido do que o do ácido de ibuprofeno.
Meta-análise recente acerca da eficácia do óleo de menta na síndroma do cólon irritável
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

A meta-análise demonstrou que o óleo de menta é uma preparação à base de plantas eficaz e segura para o tratamento dos sintomas da síndrome do cólon irritável. Em vários estudos clínicos, o óleo de menta foi claramente superior ao placebo, no que se refere à melhoria dos sintomas gerais da síndrome do cólon irritável. Relativamente aos efeitos secundários, não foi detetada qualquer diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o óleo de menta e o placebo.
Nedavna metaanaliza o efikasnosti ulja peperminta za olakšanje sindroma nervoznih creva
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

Metaanalizom je prikazano da je ulje peperminta efikasna i bezbedna medicinska supstanca za lečenje simptoma sindroma nervoznih creva. U sedam kliničkih studija ulje peperminta bilo je daleko delotvornije od placeba u pogledu poboljšanja opštih simptoma sindroma nervoznih creva. U pogledu nuspojava, nije otkrivena statistički značajna razlika između ulja peperminta i placeba.
Cofeina – energizantă și aromată: dar fără riscuri!
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Autoritatea Europeană pentru Siguranță Alimentară a întreprins o evaluare cuprinzătoare a riscurilor și a concluzionat că consumul periodic de cafea pe parcursul întregii vieți de până la 400 mg pe zi de la vârsta de 18 ani pentru adulți sănătoși și de până la 200 mg pentru femei însărcinate sau care alăptează poate fi considerat sigur. Un studiu desfășurat în diverse țări a arătat că consumul de cofeină s-a situat în limitele de siguranță pentru 95% din persoanele chestionate.
Kofeín – povzbudzujúci a aromatický, no bezpečný!
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Európsky úrad pre bezpečnosť potravín vykonal komplexné hodnotenie rizík a dospel k záveru, že celoživotná pravidelná konzumácia do 400 mg kofeínu denne od veku 18 rokov u zdravých dospelých a do 200 mg u tehotných a dojčiacich žien sa môže považovať za bezpečnú. Prierez rôznymi krajinami ukázal, že konzumácia kofeínu bola v bezpečnom rozmedzí u 95% opýtaných.
Recent meta-analysis on the efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Não foram encontrados efeitos significativos na qualidade de sono dos participantes em dois estudos clínicos nos quais ibuprofeno combinado com 100 mg de cafeína foi tomado três vezes por dia. De um total de 538 pacientes, ocorreram problemas de sono induzidos pela medicação em apenas um a dois em 100 participantes. Em um dos estudos, apenas 0,8% dos participantes referiram perturbações do sono – exatamente a mesma percentagem que no braço de placebo.
Spôsobujú analgetiká s obsahom kofeínu bezsenné noci?
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

V dvoch štúdiách, v ktorých sa užíval ibuprofén v kombinácii so 100 mg kofeínu trikrát denne, sa nezistili žiadne relevantné účinky na kvalitu spánku účastníkov. Z celkového počtu 538 pacientov sa vyskytli problémy so spánkom spôsobené liekom len u jedného až dvoch zo 100 účastníkov. V jednej zo štúdií hlásilo poruchy spánku len 0,8% účastníkov – presne také isté percento ako v skupine s placebom.
Analgésicos com potenciadores do efeito – analgésicos de combinação com cafeína
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Uma revisão efetuada pela Cochrane Collaboration comparou os efeitos analgésicos de um analgésico comum com uma combinação do analgésico e cafeína. A adição de cafeína aumentou significativamente a proporção de pacientes que sentiram um alívio efetivo da dor em todas as situações de dor investigadas. Os autores não encontraram evidência de acontecimentos adversos graves relacionados com o analgésico ou com a cafeína.
Adormecer rapidamente – acordar revigorado!
Authors: Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

Diversas causas, incluindo o stress e o consumo de meios de informação em excesso, levaram a uma redução ou mesmo a uma total ausência da libertação de melatonina endógena, seguida de problemas em adormecer. De acordo com a Autoridade Europeia da Segurança Alimentar (EFSA), se for tomado 1 mg de melatonina pouco antes de deitar “a melatonina ajuda a reduzir o tempo que se leva a adormecer”. Doses mais elevadas em pessoas saudáveis não estão correlacionadas com uma melhoria do efeito.
Makrogol – behandling mot förstoppning baserad på riktlinjer
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

Ökad tarmtömningsfrekvens och förbättrad avföringskonsistens spelar en avgörande roll för lindring av förstoppning. Både internationella och nationella riktlinjer tillstår den positiva effekten av makrogol i förhållande till båda parametrarna, med en hög evidensnivå. Det betraktas som allmänt vältolererat och säkert. Vissa riktlinjer rekommenderar i samma utsträckning de stimulerande laxermedlen bisakodyl och natriumpikosulfat.
Usar laxantes em crianças? Um novo estudo confirma a eficácia e tolerabilidade de bisacodil no uso de longo prazo
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Um estudo retrospetivo investigou a eficácia e tolerabilidade no uso de longo prazo e regular de bisacodil em crianças. Mesmo quando tomados durante um longo período (duração média do tratamento: 14 meses), o bisacodil foi eficaz, seguro e bem tolerado em crianças. Verificou-se que as preocupações acerca do desenvolvimento de dependência não tinham razão de ser; na maioria dos pacientes o bisacodil pôde ser retirado gradualmente sem qualquer alteração na frequência das evacuações.
Laxative pentru copii? Un nou studiu confirmă tolerabilitatea și eficacitatea Bisacodyl la administrarea pe termen lung
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Un studiu retrospectiv a investigat eficacitatea și tolerabilitatea utilizării periodice pe termen lung a bisacodylului la copii. Chiar și când a fost administrat o perioadă îndelungată (durata medie a tratamentului: 14 luni), bisacodylul a fost eficace, sigur și bine tolerat de copii. Suspiciunile legate de dezvoltarea de dependență s-au dovedit nefondate, la majoritatea pacienților, bisacodylul putând fi retras treptat din tratament, fără nicio schimbare a frecvenței scaunelor.
Laxatíva u detí? Nová štúdia potvrdzuje účinnosť a znášanlivosť dlhodobého užívania bisakodylu
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Retrospektívna štúdia skúmala účinnosť a znášanlivosť dlhodobého a pravidelného užívania bisakodylu u detí. Aj v prípade dlhodobého užívania (stredné trvanie liečby: 14 mesiacov) bol bisakodyl účinný, bezpečný a dobre znášaný u detí. Obavy z rozvoja závislosti sa ukázali byť neopodstatnené, u väčšiny pacientov bolo možné bisakodyl postupne vysadiť bez akejkoľvek zmeny frekvencie defekácie.
Relief of acute cough by cough syrup with mucoprotection
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Two randomised, blind, controlled, multicentre studies investigated the therapeutic effect of a chemical and mechanical barrier in the upper airways produced by polysaccharide-resin-honey based cough syrup in children with acute cough associated with a common cold. The mucoprotection led to a significant alleviation of the paediatric cough compared with carbocysteine syrup or placebo. The beneficial effect was especially apparent in children with severe cough and/or episodes of nocturnal coughing.
Marshmallow root extract and honey: cough relief through mucoprotection
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

The experimental study investigated the bioadhesive properties of cough syrups containing partial fractions of plant extracts with or without added honey. The study authors established that addition of honey prolonged adhesion time on the mucosa in the model, thereby improving the physicochemical relief of irritation. As an additional soothing action, the tested syrups also reduced mucosal permeability to noxious substances and here too, the addition of honey contributed to the overall effect.
Female-specific characteristics in the occurrence and treatment of constipation
Authors: Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

Constipation not only has an impact on daily bowel movements, but also on the well-being of the persons concerned. An online survey of more than 5,000 people showed that women are often more extensively affected – both physically and emotionally – than men. In terms of treatment, data from studies on the laxatives bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate demonstrated that women responded faster to laxatives and, in relation to their quality of life, derived greater benefit from treatment than their male counterparts.
Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen: comparison of the fixed combination of ibuprofen plus caffeine with ibuprofen lysinate or ibuprofen acid
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Analgesics containing readily soluble ibuprofen (e.g. as the lysinate) were developed with the aim of ensuring a more rapid relief of pain than ibuprofen acid through faster absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Since the degree of gastric filling can have a significant influence on absorption, two studies investigated the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen lysinate and ibuprofen acid (combined with caffeine) on an empty (fasted) stomach and after a standard breakfast. The absorption of ibuprofen as the lysinate was only faster when taken on an empty stomach; after a standard breakfast, the time to peak plasma levels with ibuprofen acid (with caffeine) was actually shorter than for ibuprofen lysinate. Since analgesics are usually not taken on an empty stomach, this reduces the alleged advantages of ibuprofen lysinate.
Abdominal pain, cramping and discomfort impair women's quality of life: an internet-based observational study focussed on treatment
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

In this internet-based observational study, 96% of the women questioned reported that abdominal pain, cramping and discomfort sometimes interfered with their everyday activities; 44% even stated that this happened frequently. Those affected considered that the symptoms could be successfully treated with hyoscine butylbromide and – statistically – significantly less successfully with alcoholic plant extracts or analgesics.
Guideline recommendations for the treatment of abdominal pain (in irritable bowel syndrome)
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Abdominal pain is common and impairs quality of life. Many specialist societies across the world have formulated guidelines on the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and all of them mention antispasmodics for the treatment of abdominal pain. However, the precise substances used depend on the treatment options available. It is noteworthy that many guidelines explicitly recommend hyoscine butylbromide and peppermint oil, whereas the use of analgesics is not an option.
Healthy adults with severe stress and hypomagnesaemia benefit from a combination of magnesium and vitamin B6
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

This randomised, single-blind, clinical study investigated the effects of magnesium supplementation compared with combined administration of magnesium and vitamin B6. Whilst there were no significant differences between the study arms in the case of moderate stress, patients with hypomagnesaemia and severe or very severe stress benefitted from a combination of magnesium and vitamin B6.
Analgesics with effect enhancers – combination analgesics with caffeine
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

A review by the Cochrane Collaboration compared the analgesic effects of a common analgesic with a combination of the analgesic and caffeine. The addition of caffeine significantly increased the proportion of patients who experienced effective pain relief in all pain conditions investigated. The authors found no evidence of serious adverse events related to the analgesic or to caffeine.
Fall asleep quickly – wake up refreshed!
Authors: Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

Various causes, including stress and increased media consumption, lead to a reduction or even total absence of the release of endogenous melatonin, followed by problems falling asleep. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), if 1 mg melatonin is taken shortly before going to bed "Melatonin helps reduce the time to fall asleep". Higher doses in otherwise healthy subjects are not correlated with an improved effect on sleep onset latency.
Macrogol – guideline-based treatment for constipation
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

An increase in stool frequency and an improvement in stool consistency play a decisive role in the relief of constipation. International as well as national guidelines recognise the positive effect of macrogol in relation to both parameters, with a high level of evidence. It is considered well-tolerated and safe. Some guidelines recommend the stimulant laxatives bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate with the same degree of recommendation.
Evidenz für die Behandlung von akuten Gelenkschmerzen mit topischen Diclofenac-Gelen
Authors: Deutsch Daniela
Published: August 2022

Eine Ex-vivo-Studie an menschlichen Hautproben zeigte sowohl das Eindringen von topischem Diclofenac in die Haut als auch die Bildung eines Wirkstoffdepots in der Epidermis. Einen Beleg für das Erreichen des Wirkorts lieferte eine doppelblinde Phase-I-Studie, in der Diclofenac nach wiederholter topischer Applikation im Gelenkspalt nachgewiesen wurde – unabhängig vom BMI der Patienten.
Dexibuprofen – ein Portrait
Authors: Gazova Andrea , Kyselovic Jan , Koscova Eva
Published: August 2022

Dexibuprofen, das pharmakologisch wirksame Enantiomer von Ibuprofen, zeigt eine gute Wirksamkeit sowohl bei akuten als auch bei chronischen Schmerzen. Die Übersicht fasst die Studienergebnisse zusammen, die Dexibuprofen als wirksame und sichere Alternative im Vergleich zu Ibuprofen und anderen COX-Hemmern bestätigen.
Allergische Rhinitis und Luftverschmutzung: Neue klinische Evidenz zu 180 mg Fexofenadinhydrochlorid
Authors: Murrieta-Aguttes Margarita , Volonte Marina
Published: August 2022

Der Kontakt mit Schadstoffen in der Luft und der Klimawandel tragen zur wachsenden Prävalenz und Symptomexazerbation der allergischen Rhinitis (AR) bei. 180 mg Fexofenadinhydrochlorid haben sich in einer randomisierten, kontrollierten klinischen Studie (FEXPOLSAR-Studie) bei polleninduzierten und durch Luftverschmutzung verstärkten AR-Symptomen als wirksam erwiesen. In der Studie wurde ein anerkanntes und validiertes, kontrolliertes Allergen-Provokationsmodell der AR angewendet.
Bisacodyl: Umfassende Erkenntnisse für eine effektive und sichere Anwendung bei Obstipation
Authors: Landes Sabine , Lange Robert
Published: August 2022

Erstmalig seit der Zulassung von Bisacodyl in den 1950er Jahren fasst ein aktueller Review die pharmakologischen und klinischen Daten dieses prokinetischen und sekretagogischen Laxans umfassend zusammen. Aus den in langjähriger Erfahrung gewonnenen Erkenntnissen leiten sich konkrete Beratungshinweise ab, die die Anwendung von Bisacodyl noch effektiver und sicherer machen.
Bisacodil: rezultate complexe susțin utilizarea eficientă și sigură în constipație
Authors: Landes Sabine , Eberlin Marion , Lange Robert
Published: August 2022

Pentru prima dată de la aprobarea bisacodilului în anii 1950, o analiză de ultimă oră a furnizat un rezumat detaliat al datelor farmacologice și clinice referitoare la acest laxativ prokinetic și secretagog. Pe baza cunoștințelor dobândite după mulți ani de experiență cu acest medicament, analiza oferă recomandări practice pentru consilierea pacienților, pentru a asigura o utilizare mai eficace și mai sigură a bisacodilului.
Essenzielle Phospholipide bei Fettlebererkrankungen
Authors: Minarik Peter , Koscova Eva
Published: August 2022

Die Leber ist ein wichtiges Organ des Stoffwechsels und des Immunsystems. Bei einem Überangebot an Kohlenhydraten oder einer überhöhten Alkoholzufuhr kann es zu entzündlichen Prozessen und daraus resultierend zur Entstehung einer Fettlebererkrankung kommen. Eine Literaturrecherche basierend auf 25 Studien zeigt positive Effekte nach der Anwendung von essenziellen Phospholipiden.
Street Trading and its Associated Risks in the Tamale Metropolitan Area of the Northern Region, Ghana
Authors:   University for Development Studies, Tamale. Ghana. Institute for Distance and Continuous Learning P. O. Box TL 1350 Tamale Ghana, S. Atambeogo, , A.J Seniwoliba, ,   University for Development Studies Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences P. O. Box TL 1882 Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana
Published: August 2022

The study examined the typologies, negotiation for space, and the inherent risks in street trading in the Tamale Metropolis of the Northern Region of Ghana. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-method approach was employed to carry out the study. The simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data from fifty-six (56) respondents and twenty-five (25) key informants respectively. The analysis of the data gathered revealed that there were three main typologies of street traders in Tamale Metropolis and these were permanent, intermittent, and mobile street traders. It was also revealed that street traders in Tamale were exposed to various risks such as harassment by city authorities, theft, and exposure to health hazards. A number of driving factors such as lack of capital, lack of employment, difficulties in securing stores, and poverty among others were responsible for street trading in the Tamale Metropolis. The Government of Ghana through the Ministry of Trades and Industry and the District Assembly should provide a congenial environment for street trading in the Tamale Metropolis to ensure the safety of the traders.
Complicated Crohn’s Disease is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Tulsi Rani , Iqbal Zafar , Abbas Sahrish Saleem , Shah Syedda Fatima Abid , Akhtar Naheed , Asif Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Background: To determine long-term outcome in Crohn’s disease patients hospitalized for acute abdominal pain. Methods: Retrospective chart review of consecutive Crohn’s disease patients hospitalized for acute abdominal pain at the tertiary referral centre. Results: Between 2015 and 2020, 65 patients (35M, 30F, mean 42 years) were hospitalized because of acute abdominal pain. 83% of patients had ileocolic disease and 39% of patients presented with complicated (stricturing or penetrating) disease. 32 patients (49%) had been hospitalized previously and 14% had undergone intestinal resections in the past. Acute clinical signs other than abdominal pain were: vomiting (35%), fever (45%), abdominal distension (38%), diarrhoea (52%). Leukocytosis was noted in 52% of patients, elevated C-reactive protein level in 83% of patients and severe anemia in 18% of patients. Mean follow-up time was 43 months. During the follow-up period, 14 patients (21%) underwent surgery – 6 during the same hospitalization and 8 later. The hospital readmission rate was 40%. Two patients died. Complicated disease was associated both with hospital readmission (Hazard ratio 3.9, p=0.05) and need for surgery (HR 10.3, p=0.002). Also, history of previous hospitalizations was associated with an increased readmission rate (HR 6.8, p=0.012). Conclusion: Ileocolic disease is the main cause of hospitalization for acute abdominal pain. Complicated (structuring or penetrating) disease should be diagnosed early and surveilled closely.
Comparison of Cefotaxime with Ofloxacin in Treatment of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Liver Cirrhosis Patients
Authors: Bacha Laiq Said , Ali Tarique , Rabbi Fazli , Zainab Saadia , Tahir Muhammad Salman , Ahsan Omar
Published: August 2022

Background: Ofloxacin (Quinolone) is effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria and has high bioavailability with minimum duration of therapy. Objective: The study aimed to compare the ofloxacin and cefotaxime efficacy in treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in Liver cirrhosis subjects. Study design: It is a randomized controlled trail study conducted at Department of Medicine, Federal Govt Polyclinic Hospital Islamabad, from August 2021 January 2022. Material and Methods: A total of one hundred and seventy six (n=176) adult subjects of both gender between age 18-65 years presented with ascitic fluid infection with PMN counts ≥ 250 cells/mm3 were enrolled in the study. The 88 subjects were randomly assigned by lottery method into Group I (Ofloxacin) and group II (Cefotaxime). Outcome of interventions was assessed clinically and through lab investigations (PMN counts) at day 3 and day 5. Culture reports were available at 5th day. The collected data was analyzed statistically by the SPSS software. Results: Mean age was 53.1 years ± 8.1 SD in group I while it was 53.2 years ± 8.4 SD in group II. Abdominal pain was the most frequent complaint (70.5% in group I and 67% in group II) followed by nausea and fever. On day 3, efficacy was 44.3% in group I and 39.8% in group II. On day 5, efficacy was observed to be 90.9% in group I and 80.7% in group II. All the subjects were sensitive to the antibiotics they were receiving. Therapy was not proved to be efficacious in 25 subjects in group I and 17 in group II. Resistant Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism in these cases. Therapy was modified as per sensitivity reports. No mortality was observed in both groups during hospital stay. Both the therapies were well tolerated and no significant side effects were observed in both groups. Conclusions: The efficacy of Ofloxacin was significantly better on day 5 compared to Cefotaxime in subjects. Ofloxacin is a better option than Cefotaxime in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. However, further studies with larger sample size required. Keywords: Ofloxacin, Cefotaxime, bacterial peritonitis, antibiotics.
Correlation of Serum Cystatin-C and Creatinine as Predictive Prognostic Markers for Renal Impairment in Pre Eclamptic Patients
Authors: Shaikh Javeria Hameed , Shaikh Khalida , Memon Salma Farrukh , Zareen Rubina , Ghaffor Abdul , Bhatti Urooj
Published: August 2022

Background: Renal impairment is becoming more common as adverse effect of preeclampsia in emerging nations. Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy that can be prevented by using Cystatin C as a better and earlier renal biomarker than creatinine in order to evaluate the renal function. Method: The study was done on 150 women in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at LUMHS Jamshoro, dividing them into three gestational age groups. The ANNOVA test was used to determine if cystatin-c is a superior marker to serum creatinine. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data without any dropout of the patients. Results: In this study, one hundred fifty (150) pre eclamptic pregnant women in the 20–35-year-old age range were chosen. The cystatin-c level was 1.2 ± 0.7 at 36th weeks of gestation in the forty of the patients of age 20-25, while creatinine was 1 ± 0.7. In sixty-eight (68) patients of age between 25-30 years, cystatin-c levels ranged from 1.6 ± 0.8 ng/mL, while creatinine levels ranged from 1.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL. In patients above > 30 years’ age group, the serum cystatin C level was found to be 1.9 ± 0.8, while the creatinine level was found to be 1.2±0.6 at 36th week of gestation. Conclusion: This research shows that cystatin C levels rise early and proved to be a better predictor of renal problems as compared to serum creatinine, which didn't increase considerably. Keywords: Cystatin-C, Preeclampsia, kidney impairment