bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substrate and irrigation scheme on the growth of Parapiptadenia rigida (angico-vermelho) seedlings
Authors: Dutra Adriana Falcão , Araujo Maristela Machado , Turchetto Felipe , Rorato Daniele Guarienti , Aimi Suelen Carpenedo , Gomes Daniele Rodrigues , Nishijima Toshio
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Parapiptadenia rigida (angico-vermelho) is a native arboreal species widely found in central and southern Brazil and is indicated for restoration of degraded areas due to its high plasticity to light gradients and ease adaptation to degraded environments. However, there is still a lack of information on this species regarding the production of quality seedlings, as well as the rational use of the resources involved. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different substrates and irrigation schemes in the development of P. rigida seedlings. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme with split plots, with four substrate formulations (100% peat; 80% peat + 20% carbonized rice husk (CRH); 60% peat + 40% CRH; 40% peat + 60% CRH) and six irrigation schemes (4; 8; 12; 16; 20 and 24mm.day-1). At 180 days after emergence, the following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, height and stem diameter ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and Dickson Quality Index. Use of substrate composed of 80% peat + 20% carbonized rice husk and/or 100% peat, combined with irrigation scheme of 4mm day-1, resulted in the best growth of P. rigida seedlings.
Evaluation of new agricultural tractors engines by using a portable dynamometer
Authors: Farias Marcelo Silveira de , Schlosser José Fernando , Estrada Javier Solis , Frantz Ulisses Giacomini , Rodrigues Fabrício Azevedo
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Official agricultural engineering testing aims to determine torque and power, which are important information for decision making when buying an agricultural tractor. In this research the torque and maximum power values provided by manufacturers with the dynamometer tests values, were compared. Forty new agricultural tractors commercialized in the brazilian market were used. Tractors were classified according to the power range in: Class I (less than or equal 22.1kW); Class II (between 22.1 and 51.5kW); Class III (51.5 and 73.5kW); Class IV (73.5 and 117.7kW); and Class V (117.7 and 183.9kW). Variables were analyzed with the statistic t-Student test (P≥0.05). Class IV tractors engines power is bigger in comparison to the values specified by manufacturers. As for Class III tractors engines, torque values observed were bigger when compared to the specified, while for Class V was presented smaller values. As conclusion, with respect to the maximum engine power, it was verified that 67.5% of the evaluated tractors meet the information provided by manufactures.
Epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of sheep conidiobolomycosis in Brazil
Authors: Weiblen Carla , Pereira Daniela Isabel Brayer , Dutra Valéria , Godoy Isabela de , Nakazato Luciano , Sangioni Luís Antonio , Santurio Janio Morais , Botton Sônia de Avila
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging disease caused by fungi of the cosmopolitan genus Conidiobolus . Particular strains of Conidiobolus coronatus, Conidiobolus incongruus and Conidiobolus lamprauges , mainly from tropical or sub-tropical origin, cause the mycosis in humans and animals, domestic or wild. Lesions are usually granulomatous and necrotic in character, presenting two clinical forms: rhinofacial and nasopharyngeal. This review includes the main features of the disease in sheep, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and diagnosis of infections caused by Conidiobolus spp. in Brazil. In this country, the disease is endemic in the Northeast and Midwest, affecting predominantly woolless sheep breeds and occasioning death in the majority of the studied cases. The species responsible for infections of sheep are C. coronatus and C. lamprauges and the predominant clinical presentation is nasopharyngeal. These fungal infections are very important, since they compromise the health status of the sheep flock and cause serious economic losses to the sheep industry. Thus, research is needed to investigate faster tools for diagnosis and effective methods for the control and treatment of conidiobolomycosis.
Proteins of the canine seminal plasma
Authors: Aquino-Cortez Annice , Silva Lúcia Daniel Machado da , Araújo Airton Alencar de , Menezes Erika da Silva Bezerra de , Moura Arlindo de Alencar Araripe Noronha
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Studies have been performed to identify the proteins present in canine seminal plasma (SP) and relate them to sperm quality as well as to discover molecular markers of reproductive tract diseases. There is evidence that heparin-binding proteins, zinc-binding proteins, and lactoferrin as well as the matrix metalloproteinase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes are associated with canine sperm quality. Other studies indicate that prolactin and enzymes like arginine esterase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase could be successfully used as biomarkers of reproductive disorders. Thus, the present literature review aims to address aspects related to proteins of the canine SP, their influence on fertility, and their importance as biomarkers of reproductive disorders.
Scirrhous eosinophilic gastritis in two dogs
Authors: Laisse Cláudio João Mourão , Castro Neusa Barbosa , Oliveira Eduardo Conceição de , Bianchi Matheus Viezzer , Fredo Gabriela , Siviero Amanda dos Santos , Lopes Daniela Jardim , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti , Driemeier David , Sonne Luciana
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Scirrhous eosinophilic gastritis (SEG) is characterized by diffuse infiltration of eosinophils and concomitant fibrovascular tissue proliferation in the stomach wall. The condition is a rare occurrence with an unknown cause. Two dogs were examined with a history of progressive weight loss, emesis, melena and anorexia. Complete blood cell counts of both cases revealed anemia and eosinophilia, while ultrasonography examination revealed thickening of the stomach wall. Due to suspected gastric neoplasia and a poor clinical prognosis, the dogs were euthanized. At necropsy, both had markedly distended stomachs with a diffusely thickened and firm wall. The spleens of both dogs were enlarged with a nodular surface. Histological evaluation revealed diffuse infiltrate of eosinophils, fibrovascular tissue proliferation and fibrinoid degeneration in blood vessel walls of stomach and spleen. SEG is a rare pathological condition that must be considered as a possible diagnosis in dogs presenting gastrointestinal signs and eosinophilia.
DIFICULDADES DE CUIDADORES DE PACIENTES EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NA ESTRATÉGIA DA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Meneguin Silmara , Ribeiro Rafaela
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se desvelar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos cuidadores de pacientes em cuidados paliativos no domicílio e compreender a percepção dos mesmos em relação ao suporte oferecido pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família. Pesquisa qualitativa realizado com 50 cuidadores de pacientes em cuidados paliativos, atendidos pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família em município do interior de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas utilizando-se a estratégia metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. As dificuldades vivenciadas pelos cuidadores são inúmeras e atreladas à falta de rede de apoio, de recursos humanos, materiais, financeiros e ao despreparo para lidar com a morte no contexto da terminalidade. As ações desenvolvidas pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família são limitadas e pontuais. As dificuldades sentidas pelos cuidadores refletem o despreparo pessoal aliado à precariedade social e econômica vivenciadas no contexto domiciliar. Além disso, defrontam-se com a atenção restrita e descontinuada prestada pelo programa.
SENTIMENTOS RELATADOS PELOS TRABALHADORES DA SAÚDE FRENTE À EPIDEMIA DA AIDS (1986-2006)
Authors: Villarinho Mariana Vieira , Padilha Maria Itayra
Published: March 2016

Este estudo objetivou descrever e compreender os sentimentos relatados pelos trabalhadores da saúde frente ao surgimento da aids, em um hospital de referência em doenças infectocontagiosas, no período de 1986 a 2006. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos entrevistas, coom base na da História Oral, com 23 trabalhadores da saúde, e para o tratamento dos dados, a análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram três categorias: Atitudes e/ou sentimentos dos trabalhadores da saúde acerca da aids; Percepção dos trabalhadores da saúde quanto aos sentimentos e atitudes dos pacientes frente ao diagnóstico soropositivo para o HIV e de seus familiares; e Atitudes e/ou sentimentos da população frente ao surgimento da aids. Sentimentos como discriminação, estigma, rejeição, vergonha, morte marcaram a história da epidemia da aids; pois, mais que morte física, a aids trouxe consigo sentimentos de morte social.
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and perinatal results: a cohort study
Authors: Sbrana Mariana , Grandi Carlos , Brazan Murilo , Junquera Natacha , Nascimento Marina Stevaux , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Bettiol Heloisa , Cardoso Viviane Cunha
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant social problem that may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to study its association with low birth weight, newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nested cohort study, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 1,370 women and their newborns were evaluated. A standardized questionnaire on health and lifestyle habits was applied to the mothers. Anthropometry was performed on the newborns. Alcohol consumption was defined as low, moderate or high, as defined by the World Health Organization. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: 23% of the women consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Consumption mainly occurred in the first trimester (14.8%) and decreased as the pregnancy progressed. The median alcohol intake was 3.89 g (interquartile range, IQR = 8 g) per day. In the unadjusted analysis, alcohol consumption increased the risk of low birth weight almost twofold (odds ratio, OR 1.91; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.25-2.92). The risk was lower in the adjusted analysis (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03-2.54). Alcohol consumption did not show associations with small for gestational age or preterm birth. There was greater risk of low birth weight and newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth among mothers who were both smokers and drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The alcohol consumption rate during pregnancy was 23% and was independently associated with low birth weight, but there was no risk of newborns small for gestational age or preterm birth.
Nest site selection by Hypsiboas faber(Anura, Hylidae) in Southern Brazil
Authors: Luza André L. , Silva Eliane R. da , Failace Daniela M. , Colombo Patrick
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Male gladiator frogs of Hypsiboas Wagler, 1830 build nests on available substrate surrounding ponds and streams where female spawn eggs during the breeding period. Although gladiator frogs seem to show plasticity in the way they construct their nests, there is no study reporting if these species present preferences about microhabitat conditions for nest-building (mainly under subtropical climate). Predation pressure and environmental conditions have been considered major processes shaping the great diversity of reproductive strategies performed by amphibians, but microhabitat conditions should explain where to build a nest as well as how nest looks. This study aimed to test nest site selection for nest-building by Hypsiboas faber(Wied-Neuwied, 1821), determining which factors are related to nest site selection and nest features. The survey was conducted at margins of two permanent ponds in Southern Brazil. Habitat factors were evaluated in 18 plots with nest and 18 plots in the surrounding without nest (control), describing vegetation structure and heterogeneity, and substrate characteristics. Water temperature was measured inside the nest and in its adjacency. Nest features assessed were area, depth and temperature. Habitat characteristics differed between plots with and without nest. Microhabitat selected for nest-building was characterized by great vegetation cover and height, as well as shallower water and lower cover of organic matter in suspension than in plots without nest. Differences between temperature inside nest and in its adjacency were not observed. No relationship between nest features and habitat descriptors was evidenced. Results revealed that Hypsiboas faber does not build nests anywhere. Males seem to prefer more protected habitats, probably avoiding predation, invasion of conspecific males and inclement weather. Lack of differences between temperature inside- and outside-nest suggest that nest do not improve this condition for eggs and tadpole development. Nest architecture was not related to habitat characteristics, which may be determined by other factors, as nest checking by females before amplexus. Nest site selection should increase offspring survival as well the breeding success of Hypsiboas faber.
Chave de identificação e diagnose dos Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) de interesse forense do Brasil
Authors: Celli Nathália G. R. , Leivas Fernando W. T. , Caneparo Maria Fernanda C. , Almeida Lúcia M.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO As espécies de Histeridae são quase que exclusivamente predadoras e podem ser encontradas em uma grande diversidade de ambientes. Dentre os grupos associados a carcaças, alguns são citados como relevantes na entomologia forense médico-legal. Entretanto, há pouca informação taxonômica para a família, principalmente na Região Neotropical. Desta forma, os objetivos do trabalho foram elaborar uma chave de identificação e caracterizar as espécies de Histeridae de interesse médico-legal no Brasil. Além disso, são apresentadas informações de distribuição geográfica e aspectos biológicos das espécies. As seguintes espécies são registradas como relevantes na entomologia forense no Brasil: Aeletes nicolasi Leivas, 2012; Euspilotus azureus (Sahlberg, 1823); Hister cavifronsMarseul, 1854; Omalodes bifoveolatus Marseul, 1853;Omalodes foveola Erichson, 1834; Omalodes lucidus Erichson, 1834, Operclipygus subterraneusCaterino & Tishechkin, 2013; Phelister sanguinipennisMarseul, 1853; e Scapomegas auritus Marseul, 1855. Esta contribuição representa a primeira ferramenta para uma melhor identificação dos Histeridae associados a carcaças no Brasil e pode servir como referência e aplicação na entomologia médico-legal.
Chemical properties of a Haplustalf soil under irrigation with treated wastewater and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Silva Leda V. B. D. , Lima Vera L. A. de , Pearson Howard W. , Silva Tainara T. S. , Cris L. Maciel S. , Sofiatti Valdinei
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the chemical characteristics of a Haplustalf soil cultivated with cotton. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replicates, and arranged in a 5 x 4 factorial. Five doses of N fertilization (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) and four sources of irrigation water (freshwater, wastewater treated by an anaerobic reactor, wastewater treated by an anaerobic reactor and post-treated by intermittent sand filter in series, wastewater treated in a septic tank and post-treated by an intermittent sand filter) were tested. Irrigation was daily performed from July 2011 to January 2012 according to the water demand of cotton resulting in a water depth of 620 mm. It was found that, compared with the conventional management with freshwater irrigation, treated wastewater provides greater accumulation of micronutrient, potassium and sodium in the soil, increasing the risk of sodification in irrigated areas.
Fatores que contribuem para preocupação com a imagem corporal de estudantes universitárias
Authors: Silva Wanderson Roberto , Dias Juliana Chioda Ribeiro , Maroco João , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Objetivo: Estimar a contribuição de variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais e do índice de massa corporal para a preocupação com a imagem corporal. Métodos: Para estimar a preocupação com a imagem corporal foram utilizadas as escalas Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e Weight Concerns Scale (WCS)Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória das escalas e utilizados os índices Razão χ2 e graus de liberdade (χ2/gl), Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI) e Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). A validade convergente foi estimada por Variância Extraída Média e Confiabilidade Composta e a consistência interna pelo Alfa de Cronbach padronizado (α). Foi confeccionado um modelo estrutural sendo a preocupação com a imagem corporal o construto central de segunda ordem. A adequação do modelo foi avaliada com base nos índices de ajustamento. O teste z foi utilizado para estimar a significância das trajetórias (β) utilizando-se 5% de significância. Resultados: Participaram 595 estudantes universitárias com média de idade de 20,42 ± 2,44 anos. O modelo completo, com a inserção de todas as variáveis independentes, apresentou ajustamento insatisfatório e foi refinado. O modelo final apresentou ajustamento satisfatório (χ2/gl = 5,75; CFI = 0,87; NFI = 0,85; RMSEA = 0,09) com a inclusão do consumo de medicamento devido aos estudos (β = 0,08; p = 0,04), desempenho acadêmico (β = 0,09; p = 0,02), classe econômica (β = 0,08; p = 0,03) e índice de massa corporal (β = 0,44; p < 0,001). Esse modelo explicou 22% da preocupação com a imagem corporal. Conclusão: O consumo de medicamentos devido aos estudos, o desempenho acadêmico, a classe econômica e o índice de massa corporal contribuem significativamente para a preocupação com a imagem corporal.
Dietary intake of adolescents compared with the Brazilian Food Guide and their differences according to anthropometric data and physical activity
Authors: Enes Carla Cristina , Slater Betzabeth
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the dietary intake of adolescents compared with the Brazilian Food Guide and to explore their differences according to anthropometric data and physical activity. Methods: A total of 476 adolescents from public schools of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil participated in this study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate food group intake of adolescents. Height, weight and waist circumference of all participants were measured. Physical activity pattern was determined by questioning about participation in regular sport activities. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 36.1% and 60% were not physically active. 7.8, 7.1, 6.3, and 0.2% of adolescents consumed vegetables, fruits, milk and derivatives, and cereals, respectively, according to recommendations. About 55 and 79% of adolescents consumed excessively oils/fats and sugar/sweets, respectively. Physically active adolescents consumed more cereals, fruits, vegetables, milk and derivatives, and meats and eggs. Conclusion: Most adolescents did not follow the food group recommendations and those who were physically active have healthier food habits.
Desfechos perinatais e alterações na cavidade bucal: coortes brasileiras de Ribeirão Preto e São Luís
Authors: Thomaz Érika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Alves Cláudia Maria Coêlho , Ribeiro Cecília Cláudia Costa , Batista Rosângela Fernandes Lucena , Simões Vanda Maria Ferreira , Cavalli Ricardo , Saraiva Maria da Conceição , Cardoso Viviane Cunha , Bettiol Heloisa , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Estudos vêm mostrando uma possível associação das doenças bucais no período gestacional com o nascimento pré-termo (NPT) e o baixo peso ao nascer (BPN). Esses desfechos perinatais parecem se associar com defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte (DDE) na dentição decídua, que, por sua vez, parecem predispor ao desenvolvimento futuro de lesões de cárie nas crianças. Assim, é relevante a inclusão de variáveis de saúde bucal do binômio mãe/filho nos estudos de coorte para a compreensão de como esses fatores se associam. Os objetivos deste estudo são: 1) verificar se existe associação entre doenças da cavidade bucal da gestante e o NPT; 2) testar a hipótese de associação entre desfechos perinatais e defeitos de esmalte/cárie dentária nas crianças; 3) analisar se existem associações entre desfechos perinatais e distúrbios de erupção dentária nas crianças; 4) construir modelos teóricos para estudo das iniquidades sociais como fator comum entre os desfechos perinatais e condições bucais. Utilizou-se abordagem integrada e colaborativa entre duas cidades brasileiras com condições socioeconômicas contrastantes: São Luís, MA; e Ribeirão Preto, SP - estudo BRISA (Brazilian Birth Cohort Studies, Ribeirão Preto-São Luís ). Duas coortes foram avaliadas: uma iniciada ao nascimento, representativa da população de nascidos vivos; e outra iniciada no pré-natal. Os participantes foram reavaliados a partir do início do segundo ano de vida. Espera-se que estas coortes contribuam para fomentar o desenvolvimento e consolidação de pesquisas de seguimento, de base populacional, no Brasil.
Epidemiología del siglo XXI y ciberespacio: repensar la teoría del poder y la determinación social de la salud
Authors: Breilh Jaime
Published: March 2016

RESUMEN: El estudio de los procesos epidemiológicos como un movimiento socialmente determinado requiere de una nueva comprensión del proceso social y de una comprensión renovada de las relaciones de poder que mueven a la sociedad. En los últimos tiempos, la consolidación del dominio de las grandes corporaciones sobre el ciberespacio se ha hecho visible como un proceso histórico novedoso que marca el orden social y expande las posibilidades tecnológicas de subordinación de los modos de vivir, amplificando el sometimiento de las colectividades a patrones de conducta masiva. Los malos usos de la nueva revolución tecnológica digital sobre los cuales se hacen aun nuevos y atemorizantes pronósticos para las próximas décadas, implican el advenimiento de una era de subsunción radical de los procesos de la vida, que afectará negativamente no solo nuestro general modo de vivir, pensar y aspirar, sino nuestra más profunda intimidad cotidiana. Se trata de un movimiento con efectos radicales en la salud que podemos denominarlo como determinación y subsunción cibernética. El carácter novedoso de este proceso plantea nuevas preguntas al campo de la salud pública y la prevención; requiere de una relectura de la realidad y de un giro necesario para comprender nuevas dimensiones de la determinación social de la vida y la salud, lo cual presupone la aplicación de nuevas categorías del análisis y desafíos inéditos para la epidemiología crítica.
Determinantes da autoavaliação de saúde no Brasil e a influência dos comportamentos saudáveis: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Almeida Wanessa da Silva de , Lima Lilandra Torquato Medrado de , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Vieira Maria Lúcia França Pontes , Pereira Cimar Azeredo
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Investigar os determinantes da autoavaliação de saúde (AAS) no Brasil e a influência dos comportamentos saudáveis. Métodos: Foram usados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. A AAS foi categorizada em muito boa/boa, regular, ruim/muito ruim. Foram testadas diferenças na distribuição da AAS segundo faixa de idade e sexo e foram usados modelos de regressão logística para investigar os efeitos de grau de escolaridade, raça/cor e presença de pelo menos uma doença crônica não transmissível (DCNT) sobre a AAS ruim/muito ruim. Adicionalmente, testou-se a influência dos comportamentos saudáveis, controlando-se os efeitos dos fatores sociodemográficos e presença de pelo menos uma DCNT. Resultados: Foram analisados 60.202 indivíduos, 66,1% avaliaram o seu estado de saúde como muito bom/bom, e 5,9%, como ruim/muito ruim; 47,1% referiram o diagnóstico de pelo menos uma DCNT; e apenas 9,3% disseram ter "estilo de vida saudável" (não usa produtos de tabaco, consome frutas e hortaliças e pratica atividade física no lazer). Entre os fatores sociodemográficos, idade, sexo, grau de escolaridade e raça mostraram associações significativas com a AAS, bem como a presença de pelo menos uma DCNT. Os efeitos de todos os comportamentos saudáveis foram significativos, mesmo após o controle dos demais determinantes. Conclusão: Embora a adoção dos comportamentos saudáveis no Brasil ainda seja insuficiente, a associação dos hábitos saudáveis com a percepção da saúde encontrada neste estudo é um indício de que a população brasileira já começa a relacionar os comportamentos saudáveis ao seu bem-estar e à avaliação melhor da saúde.
Prevalência de angina do peito pelo questionário de Rose na população brasileira: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Vieira Maria Lucia , Bensenor Isabela Martins
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de angina do peito na população adulta brasileira com a aplicação do questionário de Rose para angina na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS-2013). Métodos: Inquérito populacional representativo da população brasileira acima de 18 anos de idade, com amostragem probabilística conglomerada em três estágios. Foram obtidos registros de entrevistas de 60.202 indivíduos no território nacional. Apresentou-se ao entrevistado o questionário de Rose curto com três questões, adaptado por Lawlor em 2003 e validado no Brasil, para identificar angina do peito grau I (leve) e II (moderada/grave). Calcularam-se os valores de prevalência com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) segundo sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e raça/cor. Resultados: A prevalência de angina leve (grau I) foi de 7,6% (IC95% 7,2 - 8,0) para toda população, com frequência maior em mulheres - 9,1% (IC95% 8,5 - 9,7) - do que em homens - 5,9% (5,3 - 6,4). A frequência de angina moderada/grave (grau II) foi 4,2 (IC95% 3,9 - 4,5), também mais frequente em mulheres - 5,2% (IC95% 4,7 - 5,6) - do que em homens - 3,0% (IC95% 2,7 - 3,4). A prevalência de angina por faixa etária aumentou progressivamente com a idade. A prevalência de angina, de qualquer tipo, foi inversa aos anos de estudo formal. Apesar do valor maior da presença de angina em negros, não houve diferença significativa por raça/cor da pele. Conclusão: Os valores de prevalência elevada de angina do peito na população brasileira acima de 18 anos foram compatíveis com estudos em outros países, revelando a importância da doença coronariana como problema de saúde pública.
Evaluation of upper airways after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III pattern using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Azevêdo Marília Spínola , Machado Andre Wilson , Barbosa Inêssa da Silva , Esteves Lucas Senhorinho , Rocha Vanessa Álvares Castro , Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira
Published: March 2016

Introduction: It has been suggested that mandibular setback surgery, combined or not with maxillary advancement as a treatment alternative for patients with mandibular prognathism, can induce changes in upper airway space (UAS). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the response of the upper airway in the oropharynx region of patients with Class III skeletal pattern that underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (maxillary advancement and mandibular setback) combined with mentoplasty. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 26 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 13 patients. The examination was taken before and after surgery. UAS volume, sagittal area, length and minimal axial area with its width, depth and location, were measured with the aid of Dolphin ImagingTM software version 11.5 Premium. Data were statistically treated by applying Shapiro-Wilk test and Student's paired t-test, considering as statistically significant the results of which p-value was lower than 0.05. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in any measurements evaluated. Conclusions: No significant changes were observed in the oropharynx after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and mentoplasty.
Evaluation of long-term stability of mesiodistal axial inclinations of maxillary molars through panoramic radiographs in subjects treated with Pendulum appliance
Authors: Rocha Caroline Andrade , Almeida Renato Rodrigues de , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Flores-Mir Carlos , Almeida Marcio Rodrigues de
Published: March 2016

Objective: To evaluate the stability of mesiodistal inclination of maxillary molars produced by a pendulum appliance, five years after completion of orthodontic treatment. Angulation changes were compared to an untreated sample. Methods: The sample consisted of 20 patients (14 females and 6 males) with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion that was treated through molar distalization with a pendulum appliance followed by cervical headgear and full fixed appliances. Maxillary molar inclination was evaluated through panoramic radiograph. The mean age at pretreatment was 14.3 ± 1.6 years, whereas at immediate post-treatment it was 18.6 ± 1.8 years, and at long-term post-treatment it was 23.8 ± 2.0 years. A control group of 16 untreated individuals with untreated normocclusion ranging in age from 12 to 17 years old were used as comparison group. Data were statistically analyzed with independent t-tests and ANOVA test followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between T1 (94.50) and T2 (98.80) as well as between T2 and T3 (94.70) for maxillary first molars. Maxillary second molars did not show any statistically significant positional changes during the evaluated time periods T1 (107.50), T2 (109.30) and T3 (106.90). Conclusion: Although maxillary first molars underwent distal crown inclination immediately after treatment, approximately five years thereafter their roots tended to upright close to the pretreatment positions.
Estado, polícias e segurança pública no Brasil
Authors: Lima Renato Sérgio de , Bueno Samira , Mingardi Guaracy
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este texto tem por objetivo associar o debate teórico e acadêmico ao panorama da segurança pública no Brasil, destacando pontos da agenda da área que seriam prioritários para o debate público, ainda mais num momento em que uma nova e inesperada variável entra em campo e precisa ser considerada; qual seja, as demandas difusas que marcam os protestos e as manifestações sociais que tomaram as ruas das principais cidades brasileiras em 2013. O artigo propõe que os problemas da área sejam encaminhados a partir de reformas estruturais da arquitetura institucional que regula o funcionamento da segurança pública no Brasil, entendidas como a construção de elos de articulação entre a adoção de medidas incrementais de modernização da gestão da atividade das polícias e a defesa de mudanças legislativas mais substantivas.
Projetos voltados aos jovens em instituições sociais: atividades fragmentadas e desresponsabilização do poder público
Authors: Pasquim Heitor Martins , Campos Celia Maria Sivalli , Soares Cassia Baldini
Published: March 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar ações desenvolvi das por instituições sociais com projetos voltados a jovens. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas com trabalhadores dessas instituições (privadas e finan ciadas por verbas públicas). Os projetos desenvolvi dos tinham características compensatórias e eram operacionalizados por meio de ações pulverizadas em diferentes instituições, com a finalidade primor dial de responder a situações vivenciadas por grupos "de risco". Os projetos identificavam-se com uma concepção de educação veladamente classista, que reforçava a legitimação da posição social do jovem "carente" na hierarquia social. O enfrentamento dos limites expostos exige mudanças radicais, que provoquem rupturas com a ideologia de controle e de tutela dos jovens pelo Estado e promovam reor ganizações que favoreçam a emancipação humana.
Saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento na Amazônia legal: indicadores socioeconômicos, ambientais e sanitários, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Viana Rosana Lima , Freitas Carlos Machado de , Giatti Leandro Luiz
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os processos de determinação socioambiental nos estados que compõem a Amazônia Legal, com base na análise de indicadores socioeconômicos, ambientais e sani tários. Nesse sentido, os resultados demonstraram uma região dinâmica e muito heterogênea, com uma população crescente e concentrada principal mente em áreas urbanas, combinando crescimento econômico e degradação ambiental a um rápido e precário processo de urbanização e aos projetos de desenvolvimento voltados para a exploração de recursos naturais. O resultado é um quadro com plexo de problemas de saúde, com expressividade das doenças infecciosas e parasitárias relaciona das às intensas mudanças ambientais e às difíceis condições de vida, decorrentes principalmente da persistência de imensas desigualdades nos indica dores sociais e econômicos. Tais vulnerabilidades produzem efeitos negativos no quadro ambiental e sanitário da região.
As dimensões do acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal na mídia impressa
Authors: Esposti Carolina Dutra Degli , Cavaca Aline Guio , Côco Lezimara Santiago de Andrade , Santos-Neto Edson Theodoro dos , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich
Published: March 2016

Resumo As informações divulgadas pela mídia contribuem para construir a representação populacional sobre o Siste ma Único de Saúde. Este estudo objetivou analisar a veiculação do tema "acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal" na mídia impressa do Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. Uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e documental foi realizada, com análise das matérias relacionadas ao acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal veiculadas entre março de 2004 e junho de 2009 nos dois principais jornais do Espírito Santo (A Gazeta e A Tribuna). Para a seleção das matérias utilizamos as palavras-chave: "Dentista", "Odontologia" e "Saúde Bucal". Foram en contradas 392 notícias, sendo 121 delas sobre o tema "acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal". Foram selecio nadas 41 matérias para esta análise, segundo as regras de exaustividade, representatividade, homogeneidade e pertinência. A análise de conteúdo temática dos dados foi realizada seguindo as categorias "disponibilidade", "capacidade de pagar" e "aceitabilidade". A maioria das matérias divulgou serviços odontológicos disponibili zados gratuitamente por prefeituras, faculdades, igre jas e ações maçônicas. Percebeu-se maior divulgação sobre políticas públicas de saúde bucal em 2004, que abordavam o acesso ao tratamento odontológico e à água fluoretada. Constatou-se frequente divulgação sobre a disponibilidade dos serviços de saúde bucal, incisiva sinalização dos problemas do setor público e apresentação da saúde suplementar como alternativa para suprir suas ineficiências. Também se verificou poucas matérias que abordaram a dimensão da acei tabilidade. Considera-se que, apesar da considerável disseminação de informações pelos veículos de comu nicação no período estudado, torna-se fundamental que a imprensa problematize o acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal em suas dimensões.
Psychiatry, bio-epistemes and the making of adolescence in southern Brazil
Authors: Béhague Dominique Pareja
Published: March 2016

Abstract Drawing on an ethnographic study in southern Brazil, this paper explores how therapists’ attempts to “resist bioreductionist” pharmaceutical use both succeed and crumble. Using a comparative framing, I show that pharmaceuticalization can become an anesthetizing “lid” that interacts with young people’s polarizing micro-politics and is an outgrowth of multi-generational medico-political family histories. This lid, however, is not air-tight and exceptionalities are born out of these very same histories. I argue that both pharmaceuticalization and exceptions to it emerge not through “resistance” to biopsychiatric logics but from the transformative possibilities that the patterned co-production of social, political, and psychiatric life affords.
On the history of medicine in the United States, theory, health insurance, and psychiatry: an interview with Charles Rosenberg
Authors: Rosenberg Charles , Mantovani Rafael
Published: March 2016

Abstract An interview with Charles Rosenberg conducted by Rafael Mantovani in November 2013 that addressed four topics. It first focused on the way in which Rosenberg perceived trends and directions in historical research on medicine in the United States during the second half of the twentieth century. The second focus was on his experience with other important historians who wrote about public health. Thirdly, he discussed his impressions about the current debate on health policy in his country. Finally, the last part explores some themes related to psychiatry and behavior control that have appeared in a number of his articles.
Finding Aedes aegypti in a natural breeding site in an urban zone, Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima-Camara Tamara Nunes , Urbinatti Paulo Roberto , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT This is the description of how nine Aedes aegypti larvae were found in a natural breeding site in the Pinheiros neighborhood, city of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. The record was conducted in December 2014, during an entomological surveillance program of dengue virus vectors, with an active search of potential breeding sites, either artificial or natural. Finding Ae. aegypti larvae in a tree hole shows this species’ ability to use both artificial and natural environments as breeding sites and habitats, which points towards the importance of maintaining continuous surveillance on this mosquito in all kinds of water-holding containers.
Sedentary behavior in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Guerra Paulo Henrique , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Florindo Alex Antonio
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological characteristics of the studies selected and assess variables associated with sedentary behavior in Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS For this systematic review, we searched four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, LILACS, SciELO. Also, electronic searches were applied in Google Scholar. A supplementary search was conducted in the references lists of the included articles and in non-indexed journals. We included observational studies with children and adolescents aged from three to 19 years developed in Brazil, presenting analyses of associations based on regression methods and published until September 30, 2014. RESULTS Of the 255 potential references retrieved by the searches, 49 met the inclusion criteria and composed the descriptive synthesis. In this set, we identified a great number of cross-sectional studies (n = 43; 88.0%) and high methodological variability on the types of sedentary behavior assessed, measurement tools and cut-off points used. The variables most often associated with sedentary behavior were “high levels of body weight” (in 15 out of 27 studies; 55.0%) and “lower level of physical activity” (in eight out of 16 studies; 50.0%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review raise the following demands to the Brazilian agenda of sedentary behavior research geared to children and adolescents: development of longitudinal studies, validation of measuring tools, establishment of risk cut-offs, measurement of sedentary behavior beyond screen time and use of objective measures in addition to questionnaires. In the articles available, the associations between sedentary behavior with “high levels of body weight” and “low levels of physical activity” were observed in different regions of Brazil.
Cervical computed tomography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: influence of head elevation on the assessment of upper airway volume
Authors: Souza Fábio José Fabrício de Barros , Evangelista Anne Rosso , Silva Juliana Veiga , Périco Grégory Vinícius , Madeira Kristian
Published: March 2016

Objective : Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has a high prevalence and carries significant cardiovascular risks. It is important to study new therapeutic approaches to this disease. Positional therapy might be beneficial in reducing the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Imaging methods have been employed in order to facilitate the evaluation of the airways of OSAS patients and can be used in order to determine the effectiveness of certain treatments. This study was aimed at determining the influence that upper airway volume, as measured by cervical CT, has in patients diagnosed with OSAS. Methods : This was a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study. We evaluated 10 patients who had been diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography and on the basis of the clinical evaluation. All of the patients underwent conventional cervical CT in the supine position. Scans were obtained with the head of the patient in two positions (neutral and at a 44° upward inclination), and the upper airway volume was compared between the two. Results : The mean age, BMI, and neck circumference were 48.9 ± 14.4 years, 30.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2, and 40.3 ± 3.4 cm, respectively. The mean AHI was 13.7 ± 10.6 events/h (range, 6.0-41.6 events/h). The OSAS was classified as mild, moderate, and severe in 70%, 20%, and 10% of the patients, respectively. The mean upper airway volume was 7.9 cm3 greater when the head was at a 44° upward inclination than when it was in the neutral position, and that difference (17.5 ± 11.0%) was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Conclusions : Elevating the head appears to result in a significant increase in the caliber of the upper airways in OSAS patients.
Angiosarcoma of the lung
Authors: Grafino Mónica , Alves Paula , Almeida Margarida Mendes de , Garrido Patrícia , Hasmucrai Direndra , Teixeira Encarnação , Sotto-Mayor Renato
Published: March 2016

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular tumor. Pulmonary involvement is usually attributable to metastasis from other primary sites, primary pulmonary angiosarcoma therefore being quite uncommon. We report a case of angiosarcoma with pulmonary involvement, probably primary to the lung, which had gone untreated for more than two years. We describe this rare neoplasm and its growth, as well as the extensive local invasion and hematogenous metastasis at presentation. We also discuss its poor prognosis.
Response of Wine Grape Cultivars to Simulated Drift Rates of 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate, and 2,4-D or Dicamba Plus Glyphosate
Authors: Mohseni-Moghadam Mohsen , Wolfe Scott , Dami Imed , Doohan Douglas
Published: March 2016

Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Wooster, OH, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to evaluate the responses of five wine grape cultivars to sublethal doses of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, and the ‘Riesling’ grape to mixtures of 2,4-D plus glyphosate and dicamba plus glyphosate. Treatments were made using a spray system calibrated to deliver 0.757 L min−1at 276 kPa and 4.8 km h−1. Herbicides were delivered through 8002 flat spray nozzles and applied at 1/30, 1/100, and 1/300 of the recommended field rate of 840, 560, and 840 g ae ha−1for 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, respectively. Injury was observed in all treatments 7 d after treatment (DAT). However, injury symptoms greater than 10% were observed 42 DAT in plants treated with 2,4-D at all rates and plants treated with dicamba at the two highest rates. Injury (35%) at 357 DAT was noted only in plants treated with the highest rate of 2,4-D. French hybrids showed slightly less injury symptoms compared with wine grapes at 7 and 42 DAT. Shoot length reduction in plants treated with 2,4-D at the highest rate was 43, 84, and 16% at 7, 42, and 357 DAT, respectively. Glyphosate caused the fewest injury symptoms in Riesling compared with 2,4-D and dicamba when applied separately or tank mixed with glyphosate. Shoot length reduction in Riesling was observed 42 DAT with all rates of 2,4-D, with and without glyphosate and dicamba, and dicamba plus glyphosate at the highest rate; however, at 357 DAT, no effect was observed in shoot length. Spray drift of 2,4-D and dicamba can severely injure grapes, with injury increasing with increased exposure. The combination of 2,4-D plus glyphosate caused greater injury and shoot length reduction in grapes than glyphosate applied alone.
Characterization, modification and use of biomass: okra fibers
Authors: Yılmaz Nazire Deniz , Konak Sema , Yılmaz Kenan , Kartal Aslıhan Arslan , Kayahan Enfal
Published: March 2016

In the present study, fibers were extracted from different parts of okra stem and branches by way of biological retting. The extracted fibers were subjected to chemical and enzymatic treatments. The effects of the treatments on the fibers’ physical, mechanical, chemical and morphological aspects were investigated. The dyeability of the fibers with industrial green mate (Paraguayan tea) waste was studied. The heavy metal ion adsorption capability of okra bast fibers from aqueous systems was examined. The ranges for properties of the produced okra bast fibers can be summarized as linear density of 14·7–26·9 tex (g/km), initial modulus of 862–1358 cN/tex, breaking tenacity of 24–35 cN/tex, elongation of 2·5–3·2% and water absorption of 67·2–84·8%. As a mordant, iron sulfate resulted in higher color strength (K/S) for fibers dyed with the green mate tea waste compared to potassium aluminum sulfate (alum). Use of okra bast fibers resulted in iron (III), copper (II) and chromium (III) ion concentration decreases, as high as 71–98%, in aqueous solutions for pH values under 7.
Student Experience: A New Approach to Evaluate the Quality of Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees through Survey Research
Authors: Balyasin Mikhail , Carvalho Luís , Mihut Georgiana
Published: March 2016

Student perspectives and quality assurance have been prominent policy topics in the European policy landscape. Student surveys conducted by tertiary education institutions, national agencies or independent student organizations have systematically provided feedback to stakeholders  about numerous aspects that need improvement. Adding to the existing literature, the Course Quality Advisory Board (CQAB) of the Erasmus Mundus Student and Alumni Association (EMA) has launched the Course Quality Student Services (CQSS) survey in the fall of 2013. Unlike existing data collection mechanisms, the CQSS survey focuses on capturing the comparative experience that students undergoing an Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree (EMJMD) are excellently positioned to provide. This paper reports on the methodology and aggregated descriptive results of the second wave of the CQSS survey, with data collected between the 1st of June and the 20th of July 2015. CQSS amassed 2131 responses from students of 193 programs and 128 countries. Seventy-one programs managed to obtain 10 or more respondents. Information produced with the CQSS survey can be used to improve students’ experiences and enhance quality of programmes in Erasmus Mundus umbrella. Lessons learned can be also used to enhance provision of educational services in other internationally focused programs.