bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Eisenhower Doctrine for the Middle East
Authors:   , Sadeghi Khosrow
Published: February 2023

The pronouncement of the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957 was the first major American official policy announcement and acceptance of responsibility in the Middle East. Prior to 1957, Great Britain, France, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics had been decisive factors in the political and economic life of that part of the world. The purpose of this study is, first of all, to explain briefly the major events leading to the formulation of the Eisenhower Doctrine, and secondly, to evaluate the Doctrine by using a selected number of opinions expressed in the press by a number of critics, government officials, members of the Congress , news papermen, political analysts, and others. The opinions expressed in the press and the reactions of the governments involved are mostly given in a chronologic al order. A few books and documents are used for the purpose of providing the background information pertaining to the Doctrine. This study concentrates on the period from January 5, 1957, the day President Dwight D. Eisenhower introduced the Doctrine to a joint session of the Congress, to January 20, 1961, the terminating date of the Eisenhower Administration.
An Exploratory Study of Administrative Attitudes Pertaining to an Extended School Day and School Year
Authors:   , Einsel Charlene
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this field study was to indentify administrative attitudes in the state of Kansas towards the extended school day or school year. A questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher, was mailed in March of 1984 to 120 school administrators. Ninety-four or 78 percent were completed and returned. Ten independent variables were studied; the attitudes of superintendents, secondary, and elementary principals; the effect of the district size; if the amount of administrative experience effected the ratings, the effect of providing 180 days of 1,080 hours currently in school systems; how the reading of the “A Nation at Risk” report and the “Carnegie Report” effect administrative attitudes; and the effect that central air conditioning has on administrative attitudes. General conclusions were that district size, the “A Nation at Risk” report, and central air conditioning did have an effect on administrative attitudes. Education implications of this study are as follows: 1. if administrators in the state of Kansas were making a decision concerning the extension of the school day or school year, they would probably not vote positive. 2. If a pilot program was implemented to test the success of an extended school day and school year, the 5A size schools would be the most accepting of such a concept. 3. A school district that has central air conditioning would be more likely to implement the extended school day or school year into their school system. 4. School districts should not proceed without extensive and meaningful involvement of their publics. The researcher recommends the following: 1. this study would be replicated next year, since peoples’ opinions do change and more information will be available on the success or failures in extending the school day or school year. 2. This study should be replicated employing teachers as subjects 3. This study should be replicated employing Board of Education members as subjects. 4. This study should be replicated employing parents of school children as subjects.
The Effect of Knowledge About AIDS on Perceived Susceptibility to Acquiring HIV Among College Students
Authors:   , Mulqueen Casey
Published: February 2023

Although much research has been conducted on knowledge, attitudes, and prevention of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in urban areas of the United States, relatively little attention has been focused on rural areas of the country. This study investigated the relationship between level of AIDS-related knowledge and perceived susceptibility to acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample of college students (N = 49) from a small university in western Kansas . Data were obtained through the use of a Knowledge About AIDS (KAA) questionnaire and a questionnaire measuring perceived susceptibility to HIV. A pretest/posttest control group design was utilized. Subjects in the experimental group viewed an educational film entitled, Sex, Drugs, and AIDS, prior to completing the posttest measure. It was found that although students have an adequate understanding of AIDS and its routes of transmission, they generally perceive themselves to be at minimal risk of acquiring the HIV. Due to the fact that the prevalence of AIDS in rural areas is rising drastically, and that college students are at high risk of acquiring the disease (DiClemente, Forrest, & Mickler, 1990), it is hoped that the results of this investigation will be utilized to help develop an AIDS education and prevention program for college students at rural campuses.
The Importance of Bold Flat Surfaces in Relation to Areas of Protrusion
Authors:   , Chegwidden Dennis
Published: February 2023

This thesis is an attempt for the artist to express the possibilities of life-like qualities in contrasting form relationships.
A Survey of Some Relict Areas of The Great Plains
Authors:   , Phillips Willard
Published: February 2023

A study was made of nineteen relict grassland areas scattered throughout the Great Plains. The study was made to determine basal cover, percentage composition and per cent frequency of the grass and sedge species, and also the soil texture present on these areas. Areas were scattered from Miami, Texas to Shelly, Montana . The study was conducted during the summer of 1956. Vegetation was sampled by the square root method as described by Voigt and Weaver (1941). The hydrometer method was used to determine the soil texture. Texture was sampled at depths of six and 24 inches.
Effective Means of Communication in Rural Schools
Authors:   , Albright Andrew
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the research was to identify the preference of parents regarding the type of communication they receive from schools. Communication of general, negative, and positive information was considered in this study. Participants were parents of school-age children from a rural school district with a pre-kindergarten through high school level program. The quantitative research was designed using a survey with a Likert scale. The parents had the opportunity to participate in a parent and teacher conference event, which provided the best chance for input from most parents. The results were shared with district and building level administrators to help make future best practice decisions.
An Investigation of The Relationship Between Climatic Conditions and Population Changes in Western Kansas, 1885-1900
Authors:   , Aistrup Gerald
Published: February 2023

An attempt has been made in this study to determine the relationship that existed between climatic conditions and the population movements of the western third of Kansas between 1885-1900. A second purpose was to determine if all sections of this region were affected in the same manner.
Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding of Pregnant Women Who Smoke and Pregnant Women Who Do Not Smoke
Authors:   , Balog Diane
Published: February 2023

Negative fetal effects of maternal smoking are well documented in the literature. Survey data suggests as many as 22% of women may smoke during pregnancy (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). However, few studies have examined the relationship between maternal smoking and breastfeeding. Although Najdawi and Faouri (1999) reported that mothers who smoke compared to mothers who do not smoke tend to choose formula feeding over breastfeeding, little is known about differences between smoking mothers and nonsmoking mothers on their attitudes toward breastfeeding. This investigation examined positive and negative attitudes toward breastfeeding of pregnant women who smoked compared to pregnant women who did not smoke. Also examined were differences between smoking and non-smoking pregnant women and their perceptions of breastfeeding support and breastfeeding confidence. A convenience sample of pregnant women was obtained from three clinics in an eastern state, a community pregnancy resource center, and a vocational nursing school. Four variables (positive attitude, negative attitude, breastfeeding support, and breastfeeding confidence) were operationalized using the subscales of the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT) (Janke, 1994). The four research questions with these four variables as dependent variables were analyzed using independent t-tests. A fifth research question comparing pregnant women who smoke and those who do not smoke on their choice of infant feeding method was analyzed using chi-square.
Integrating Touch and Bodywork with Psychotherapy
Authors:   , Barb Melissa
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to survey psychologists and massage therapists in a Midwestern state about their attitudes towards integrating the two fields. Specifically, willingness to refer, willingness to work collaboratively, attitudes towards each field, and personal experiences with each field were assessed. In addition, psychologists’ use of touch and attitudes towards the use of touch were examined while massage therapists’ experience with client disclosure was explored. Results of this study show differences between the two professions in willingness to refer clients, willingness to work collaboratively, and attitudes towards the other field. Results indicated a positive relationship between experiences and willingness to refer for both psychologists and massage therapists. For psychologists, results also showed positive relationships between attitudes towards the use of touch in therapy and attitudes toward bodywork, use of touch in psychotherapy and attitudes towards the use of touch, and willingness to refer clients for bodywork and experiences with bodywork. For massage therapists, a positive relationship was observed between attitudes towards mental health services and willingness to refer.
A Study of Priorities of Competencies in Educational Administration as Perceived by Randomly Selected Superintendents of Unified School Districts in Kansas
Authors:   , Loy Harvey
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of a random sample of superintendents in selected unified school districts in Kansas regarding the priorities of competencies in educational administration which they believe superintendents should possess. A related purpose was to investigate the relationship between these perceptions and the various characteristics of the superintendents who hold them--age, superintendency experience, and the student enrollment size of the particular school district.
Educational Preparation of Nurses and Their Caring Behaviors in Home Health
Authors:   , Blubaugh Mary
Published: February 2023

This study examined the possible relationship between the level of education of registered nurses and their caring behaviors in home health. The purpose of this research was to help provide the nursing profession with a better understanding of the impact education has on the caring behaviors of home health nurses. Watson’s (1979) Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring provided the theoretical framework.
Cross Transfer Effects of Isometric Strength Measurement Schedules
Authors:   , Ray Arthur
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of isometric strength testing of the wrist palmar flexion muscles on the strength of the contralateral muscle group in male high school students. Twenty-two male high school students enrolled at the Oakley High School served as subjects for this investigation. Subjects were chosen who could meet with the investigator on five successive days and then, after a two day rest, meet with the investigator for another five consecutive days. These were students who could comply with the requirements of the investigation. The measurement instrument, a cable-tensiometer, was incorporated into the testing equipment enabling a cable to pass through it and at a ninety degree angle to the forearm of the subject being tested. The subjects were given a one minute rest between each of the five trials on each of the days. Group \A\ was instructed to pull with the right wrist palmar flexion muscle group the first week and then the second week to change to the left wrist. Group “B\ was instructed to pull with the left wrist palmar flexion muscle group the first week and then to change to the right for the next week of testing. Subjects were measured near the same time each day. The treatments by subject’s design of analysis found group \B\ to exhibit significant differences in daily mean strength measures. T-tests found days four and five significantly greater than day one, and day five significantly greater than day two in the analysis of the left hand. T-tests run on the right hand found days three, four, and five significantly greater than day one, and day five significantly greater than day two. The comparison of daily mean scores of the right wrists of group “A” and group \B\ show decidedly higher mean scores for group IIB\, which was tested the second week. On the basis of the data and within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions seem warranted: 1. In group “B\, left hand, there were significant increases between day one and days four and five and, also, between day two and day five. 2. In group “B\, right hand, there were significant increases between day one and days three, four and five and, also, between day two and day five. 3. The significant daily increases might be attributed to strength development, learning, or a combination of strength development and learning.
Gender Differences in Mathematical Performance
Authors:   , Hoff Cynthia
Published: February 2023

The following study examines the possibility of gender differences in mathematical performance. The study differs from previously conducted studies in that: 1) the influence upon achievement in mathematics from general intelligence was statistically controlled; 2) the subjects involved in the study fell within the normal range of intelligence and do not indicate difficulty in learning, and 3) the subjects' performance were analyzed at grade levels two, four and six which are lower grade levels than the majority of previous studies. Normal Curve Equivalency (NCE) scores from science Research Associates (SRA) Achievement Series at grade levels two, four and six were collected over the past eleven years of administrations. A set of three mathematics NCE scores for each student in each grade level was included, those being: Mathematics Concepts, Mathematics Computations and Total Mathematics. A Wechsler test of intelligence was administered to the subjects during their first grade year. The Full Scale Intelligence Quotient Score was covaried out to control for influence of intelligence and it also indicated those subjects whose scores were in the normal range to include them in the study. A multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used along with a test of magnitude of effect to determine whether gender differences are indicated. Follow-up multiple comparisons, if significance was indicated, using the Scheffel Test explains where the group mean difference has occurred. No gender and gender by testing grade level differences of significance were noted. A significant difference was found when the testing grades were compared. Testing of group means using the Scheffel test indicated that there is a downward trend in performance on the mathematical tasks. There were no differences in the s kill areas tested, they e ach followed the similar decrease in NCE scores.
The Relation of Rorschach Personality Traits To Teaching Success
Authors:   , Ellis Harold
Published: February 2023

The general problem of this experiment was to investigate the relation of ratings of Rorschach Personality Traits to teaching success .
Nucleophilic Substitution of Halogenated Nitroparaffins
Authors:   , Parish Harlie
Published: February 2023

The present research confirmed that the probable reaction between sodium iodide and 1-bromo-1-nitropropane in acetone is a second order reaction with the rate constant 0.0686 mole min-1 liter-1. The rate determining step is indicated to be formation of the activated complex. [Chemical formula here] Sodium iodide in acetone was added to 1-bromo-1-nitropropane and samples were removed at timed intervals. The reaction was stopped by the addition of water. The halogens present were titrated with a standard silver nitrate solution containing barium nitrate and nitric acid using a Fisher titrimeter. From these data, tile rate of replacement was determined and reaction constants determined. The kinetic measurement could not be extended to the completion of the reaction because the formation of free iodine became significant, indicating a possible side reaction or, more correctly, the decomposition of the end product. Consequently constants are based on the initial reaction rates. This worker was not able to identify any product other than the expected 1-iodo-1-nitropropane. However, the infrared spectrum did not show a very weak alkene absorption. Also no evidence of inversion of structure during reaction was found because of difficulty of resolving the d and 1 isomers of 1-iodo-1-nitropropane.
The Relationship of Surface and Form in Sculpture and the Relationship of Weight and Form in Stoneware
Authors:   , Ficken Dale
Published: February 2023

It is the purpose of this introduction to relate the nature of the problems involved in the creative processes as described in the title of this thesis.
Sympathy Society
Authors:   , Pootong Pissaravas
Published: February 2023

A collection of etchings.
The 'Aha' Experience of Comprehension and its Relation to Memory
Authors:   , Rankin Diana
Published: February 2023

The psychological state of non-comprehension followed by comprehension has been viewed as the \aha\ experience (Auble, Franks & Soraci, 1979). The study explored the \aha” experience of comprehension and its relation to memory. Fifty-six college undergraduate psychology students served as subjects. All subjects were orally presented a list of 14 sentences. Ten of the sentences were defined as hard (i.e., incomprehensible without a cue which then makes it comprehensible) and four of the sentences were defined as easy (i.e., comprehensible without the cue). All subjects were presented each sentence by tape recording and asked if each sentence made sense. Next, a cue word was presented after each sentence which could have made the sentence comprehensible. They were then asked again if the sentence made sense. Subjects were then divided into two groups. One group performed a free recall task for the sentences they had previously judged. The other group performed a paraphrasing task in which they were asked to write the meaning of each previously judged sentence in light of its appropriate cue. All subjects were then administered a questionnaire designed to measure cautiousness. Finally, all subjects were administered the WAI information and similarities subtests. (A median split was performed on the combined raw scores dividing each task group into high and low 10 levels.) Within the free recall task, it was expected that the member of sentences in which the sentences made sense before the cue was given would be greater for subjects with high IQ scores. These subjects would also experience a greater number of \ahas\, would recall a greater number of sentences and would recall a greater percentage of sentences in which \aha\ was experienced. Within the paraphrasing task it was expected that the number of sentences in which the sentence made sense before the cue was given would be greater for subjects with high IQ scores. These subjects were also expected to experience a greater number of \ahas\, correctly paraphrase a greater number of sentences and correctly paraphrase a greater percentage of \ahas\. The results of the analyses indicated that slight differences were noted in the occurrence of \aha\ between sentence set A and B and also between males and females, with male subjects experiencing more \ahas\ with set B. The use of the paraphrasing task confirmed that subjects reporting the occurrence of \aha\ did indeed understand the sentence.
Human Mating Strategies and Personality
Authors:   , Carney Kyla
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between personality characteristics and the mating strategies men and women employ. Buss and Schmitt (1993) proposed Sexual Strategies Theory to explain many of the mating choice differences between men and women. Their predictions have been empirically supported. However, the relationship between the NEO-PI-R and mating strategies has not been studied. Several hypotheses were proposed to relate certain NEO-PI-R personality characteristics to the short-term and long-term mating strategies people employ. The study required subjects to fill out both the NEO-PI-R and the Sexual Strategies Questionnaire. Ninety-eight multiple regression equations were developed using the personality domains and facets of the NEO-PI-R as the independent measures for the analysis, while the dependent measures were obtained from the Sexual Strategies Questionnaire. Thirty-three regressions were conducted using the domains for both men and women, and thirty-two regressions were conducted using the facets. Results indicated that although most of the specific hypotheses were not supported, sixty-two of the ninety-eight equations were statistically significant (32 for the domains; 30 for the facets). This suggests that personality is significantly related to the short and long-term mating strategies humans use. This study’s results were not completely congruent with the results reported by Buss and Schmitt (1993). However, it may be concluded that many short-term and long-term mating strategies are related to personality traits.
Systematics and Biogeography of Northern Grasshopper Mice Inhabiting the Great Basin, Colorado Plateau, Columbia Plateau, and Wyoming Basin
Authors:   , Riddle Brett
Published: February 2023

Geographic variation among populations of Onychomys leucogaster in western North America was investigated using morphometric, karyotypic, and fossil data. Populations previously considered to represent O. l. utahensis, as well as those from the southern portion of the range of O. l. fuscogriseus, are regarded as color variants of O. l. brevicaudus that do not warrant separate subspecific status. Populations in northeastern Oregon and eastern Washington are described and named as a distinct subspecies. O. l. brevicaudus in the Great Basin is more similar morphologically to O. l. arcticeps in the Wyoming Basin than to O. l. melanophrys or O. l. pallescens on the Colorado Plateau although all four have the same standard karyotype. Late glacial/early Holocene fossils indicate that O. leucogaster was a component of a \cold\ desert refuge in the location of the present Mohave \hot\ desert during the last glacial episode. It progressed northward into the Great Basin during late glacial time, and then eastward into the Wyoming Basin and farther northward onto the northern Columbia Plateau during early Holocene time.
Analysis of the Relation Among Personality Traits, Motives, and Love
Authors:   , Engel Gina
Published: February 2023

The current exploratory study empirically examined the relationship between personality as measured by the NEO PI-R and the Reiss Profile, and dimensions of love in 126 participants. These relationships were not previously tested in the literature. Scores form the Reiss Profiles, the Relationship Assessment Scale and two versions of the Triangular Love Scale were obtained from the participants. The love scores were correlated with the other questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the love variables and personality traits, relationship satisfaction, and motives. The personality domain of Conscientiousness was found to be significant predictor of love for both males and females. The facet C6: Deliberation was shown to be a significant predictor of love for the female group as well as a significant predictor of relationship satisfaction for the total and female groups. The motive Citizenship was shown to significantly predict passion for the total and male groups, and intimacy and commitment in males. Several other traits and motives were significant predictors of love in only the male or female group individually. Discrepancy score (difference between love felt and received within a relationship) was a significant predictor of relationship satisfaction for all three groups.
The Effects of Instruction in Mathematics Vocabulary Upon Students' Achievement in Problem Solving
Authors:   , Flaherty Hazel
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness or an intensive emphasis on the reading vocabulary of mathematics as an important part of instruction in the area of verbal problem solving in the fifth and sixth grades. The study was conducted with thirteen fifth and sixth grade pupils from Barnard School, one of the four elementary schools in Unified District #298, Lincoln County, Kansas. These pupils had completed two consecutive nine months of schoolwork at the Barnard School. The same method of instruction, texts, and procedures were used by the teacher during the 1970-71 as during the 1969-70 school year, but with an additional study of the mathematical vocabulary as an important part of instruction in all areas of verbal problem solving in arithmetic. Each group received a total of sixty minutes of arithmetic instruction and had fifteen minutes of free reading of other mathematics texts, or drill each day. Scores on mathematics achievement for the year 1969-70 and for the year 1970-71 were obtained from the Metropolitan Mathematics Test, Elementary Form A and Form B. Form A was given the first week in October and Form B was given the last week in April. The 1969-70 and the 1970-71 groups of children were first compared on the performance of each group as a whole according to the mean growth for past year with mean growth for present year. By using a t test for significance of difference between the Deans of the pre-test scores on the Metropolitan Mathematics Tests and the post - test scores on the Metropolitan Mathematics Tests. The means were found to be significantly different. Spearman's Rank Order of Correlation was computed to determine the relationship between the grade achievement of the control group and the experimental group. The test revealed that there was low relationship. The increase in the mean growth for the present year showed that an extensive emphasis on the reading vocabulary of mathematics was an important part of instruction in the area of verbal problem solving in the fifth and sixth grades.
A Comparative Study of Creativity and Self-Concept Between University Art Students and Non-Art Students
Authors:   , Trahern Rhonda
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the creativity and self-concepts of university students, specifically, to determine if differences existed between art students and non-art students. The following independent variables were investigated: college classification levels, sex-class membership, age and major. The sample of 244 subjects included males and females from five different college classification levels, and from different art and non-art majors. Two instruments were employed using a survey design with post- hoc groupings. Thirty-one hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Eighteen hypotheses were rejected. Results of the present study indicated that differences were found among art students and non-art students on scales of creativity, but not on the self- concept scale. Differences were found between male art and male non-art students, female art and female non art students all scales of creativity, but not on the self-concept scale. All the classification levels indicated differences on the scale of creativity. Non-art students indicated no differences on the classification levels for self-concept. No differences were found among the male and female students, art male and art female students, and non-art male and non-art female students on scales of creativity. Only non-art males and non-art females indicated differences on the self-concept scale. Differences were found for college ages on scales of creativity, while none were found on the self-concept scale. Differences were found among college majors for creativity and self-concept.
Geochemistry of Groundwater and Gases in the Vadose Zone in Selected Parts of Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Sinha Satya
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this study is to detect and describe chloride and nitrate in the groundwater, as well as volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in the vadose zone, in selected parts of Hays, Kansas. The study also describes the subsurface behavior of these potential contaminants. Big Creek alluvial aquifer is an important source of groundwater for the city of Hays. Groundwater samples collected from different locations in the city were geochemically analyzed to determine the inorganic composition of the groundwater. Geochemical analysis suggests that groundwater in Hays is very hard and is of the Ca- HCO3 type. Computer calculations show that the water samples are saturated to oversaturated with respect to calcite. Therefore, calcite may control much of the water composition. The basic chemical characteristics of groundwater was studied using Stiff diagrams. Similar patterns of Stiff diagrams suggest that chloride and nitrate affect the groundwater quality. Animal or human waste sources could be an appreciable contributor to the total chloride and nitrate concentrations. Also, the Blue Hill Shale contributes to chloride, while leaky sewer lines could be another possible source for nitrate. Organic contaminants were detected in south Hays in the vadose zone using a soil-gas survey method conducted by Layne Geosciences, Inc. (LGI). Spills or casual dumping of petroleum products, leaking of underground storage tanks, and chemicals used in other cleaning processes are possible sources of the contamination.
Calisthenics as a Technique for Reducing Hyperactive Behaviors in a Child
Authors:   , Kelley Thomas
Published: February 2023

This experiment investigated the effects of calisthenics as an appropriate technique to help reduce hyperactive behaviors, and increase seatwork productivity. A four year old male judged to be of average intelligence, and diagnosed as hyperactive served as the subject. In pre and post test baseline sessions the S worked on three different but related seatwork tasks, intermixed with play periods. In the experimental treatment sessions the play periods involved participation by the E and S in vigorous calisthenics. Hyperactive behaviors were measured by shifts in attention in all activities, and by sitting time during the work periods. Productivity was measured by the number of correct seatwork task completions. Two observers helped the f measure the behaviors and control for E bias. Sitting time in minutes and correct seatwork task completions both declined after the treatment variable was implemented. Shifts in attention did decrease in the experimental seatwork periods even though time in the sea t decreased also. Shifts in attention did not decrease in the play and calisthenic periods as an immediate function of treatment. In general, calisthenics as employed in this experiment did not decrease hyperactive behaviors.
Illuminated Souls
Authors:   , Brown Ed
Published: February 2023

My subject matter varies from the hard, straight lines of the building front, the beauty of flowers with graceful curves, and the arabesque forms of the female nude. Each of these subjects show their inner soul when solarized and also gives the viewer a yin and yan of my subjects. To me, the true essence of art is beauty that I see in each of the objects I photograph, whether it is a building, a flower, or the female nude. Some have said that photographing the female nude is a disquieting subject. I believe that it can also be inspiring, and even surprising. As an artist, I have found a profound link with my subjects and myself through the pureness of their being. My photographs represent the sensuality of creativity in every sense. It is this sensuality that evokes one to fall in love, or to have passion of what one feels and believes; but most of all, it is the inspiration that drives the creativity within man.
Swift's Allegorical Apologetics and the Interpretation of a Tale of a Tub
Authors:   , Smith Bedford
Published: February 2023

Because Johnson's phrase “such a swarm of thoughts\ is so extremely apt a description of A Tale of a Tub, interpreting that work has always been a problem. The nineteenth-century solution--partially fathered by a virulent disrespect for the person of Swift--was simply to pronounce the tale an incoherent jumble and ignore it. A technique-conscious twentieth century on the other hand--more cognizant of Swift's moral respectability as well as the targets of his satire--has tried to solve the problem by locating either a unifying factor within the \swarm of thoughts” or a historical position with which they have consonance. The various attempts to discover a unifying factor have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the targets of the satire on corrupted learning, but because they have only selected incidents from the allegory which could be brought into concurrence with their several theories, the argument of the allegory has passed disregarded. Similarly, the various attempts to discover a historical positive have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the theological milieu, but because they have first posited the historical precedent and then sought to interpret the allegory, they, too, have disregarded its argument. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to demonstrate that if one approaches the allegory without presuppositions, and simply centers his analysis on the discovery of ecclesiastical parallels for the story's analogues, there emerges a cogent apology for the Anglican church--an apology which is congruent not only with the theological attitudes expressed in Swift’s other writings but also with what we know of the Swiftian intellectual posture. To accomplish this purpose I have divided my paper into the following chapters: In the first chapter the various schemes of unity and the posited historical precedents are introduced and the deficiencies in their treatment of the allegory is revealed. In the second chapter it is demonstrated that though Swift has chosen to combine two different satires into A Tale of a Tub, the satires must be separated to achieve a proper explication of either. In the third chapter a simple analogical analysis of the allegory is forwarded, along with supporting quotations from Swift’s writings and even further support from an analysis of Swift's intellectual posture. Thus the first chapter should establish this study's pertinence, the second, its legitimacy; and the third, its verity.
Epiphanies, Metaphors, and Liminality: Religion and Mountains in the Seventeenth Century English Mind
Authors:   , Smith Ethan
Published: February 2023

This thesis studies the relationship between religion and mountains as represented in seventeenth century English thought. In particular, it seeks to discover trends of continuity in connections between divinity and mountains. It demonstrates that at least two distinct trends of continuity exist. First, between mountains and divinity as represented by metaphor and allegory, both represented in a variety of mediums, from poetry to letters and books. And secondly, it demonstrates continuity with regards to mountain experiences, which often evoke religion, either as a religious experience, experiences that use religious language, or experiences to religious places. In charting these continuities, it then seeks to argue that mountains can be seen as liminal spaces that mediate between various features of culture, such as civilization and barbarity, humans and nature, and the divine and the human. This feature of liminality has implications for the relationship between humans and mountains more broadly.
Spatial similarities and differences of attributes of three subwatersheds within the middle Smoky Hill river watershed and their relationship to instream total suspended solids
Authors:   , Fross Dustin
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to spatially analyze the attributes of three subwatersheds, Hydrological Unit Code 12 (HUC 12), of the Middle Smoky Hill River Watershed in west-central Kansas and relate the variances of the attributes to the concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) entering the Smoky Hill River during storm events. This was accomplished by comparing land cover, including cropland, grassland, and urban factors; agricultural practices, such as tillage methods, condition of terraces, and the presence of grass waterways; geomorphology, including soil types, topography, and visible erosion; and lastly, precipitation variance. The three HUC 12s that were studied were Buffalo Creek, Landon Creek, and Oak Creek. Cumulative results found that when statistically ranking characteristics of the HUCs from most to least desired, the mean rank of Buffalo Creek was 1.6, which was statistically lower (t = -2.51) than Oak Creek with a mean rank of 2.2, which was statistically equal (t = -0.11) to Landon Creek with a mean rank of 2.2. Therefore, out of the three watersheds, Buffalo Creek contained the most desired attributes that minimized erosion. According to the statistics in this study, the primary determining factors as to the increased TSS concentrations for Landon and Oak Creek are an increase in the number of fields with visible erosion, increase in population density, increased amount of impervious surface, and a greater proportional area of highly erodible soils.
Academic Achievement of Student-Athletes
Authors:   , Foltz Roger
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the cumulative grade point averages of student-athletes. The independent variables investigated were gender, academic classification, type of sport participation, and transfer status. The dependent variable was cumulative grade point average. A total of 4 composite null hypotheses were tested. Each composite null hypothesis was tested at the .05 level employing a three-way analysis of variance. Eleven comparisons plus 13 recurring were made. Of 11 comparisons 4 were main effects and 7 were interactions. Of the 4 main effects 3 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 7 interactions 1 was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant interaction was between the independent variables gender and transfer status. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Female athletes had higher academic achievement than male athletes, 2. Student-athletes participating in non-revenue sports had higher academic achievement than student-athletes participating in revenue sports, 3. Native student-athletes had higher academic achievement than non-native student-athletes, 4. There was no association found between classification of student-athletes and cumulative grade point average, 5. No association between type of sport participation of student-athletes, and 6. Gender and transfer status interacted.
Attitudinal Assessment of Discipline : A Survey of Human Relations in an Educational Setting
Authors:   , Forsythe Olga
Published: February 2023

This study sought to determine teacher attitudes toward discipline and the relationship between teacher values, and modes of discipline. To test these hypotheses during the spring of 01/01/1983, teachers in three different areas in Kansas complete the Attitudinal Assessment of Discipline (AAOD), a questionnaire designed by the researcher in accordance with information contained in the review of literature. The questionnaire was composed of forty-three questions. The first section was based on the Likert scale. The second section consisted of “yes” or “no” statements, the third section was to rank-order three dilemmas, and the final section consisted of three open-ended questions.
Test Anxiety of Undergraduate College Students
Authors:   , Hoffmann Lisa
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate test anxiety of undergraduate college students. The independent variables investigated were gender, classification, major, grade point average, need for achievement, and teacher preparation. The dependent variable was scores from the Test Anxiety Scale. The sample consisted of 184 undergraduate college students. For composite null hypothesis number one a 2x4x5 factorial design was employed. For composite null hypothesis number two, a 2x4x4 factorial design was employed. For composite null hypothesis number three, a 2x5x4 factorial design was employed. For composite null hypothesis number four, a 4x5x4 factorial design was employed. For composite null hypothesis number five, a 2x5x4 factorial design was employed. And for composite null hypothesis number six, a 4x4x2 factorial design was employed. A total of 42 comparisons were made. Nineteen of the 42 comparisons were recurring. Five of the comparisons were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the five significant comparisons four were for main effects and one was for an interaction. The four significant main effects were for gender, grade point average, need for achievement and classification. Female students reported more test anxiety than male students. Students with lower grade point averages reported higher test anxiety. Students with high need for achievement reported lower test anxiety. Freshmen students reported more test anxiety than sophomores, juniors, or seniors.
A Coordinated Program of Basketball Instruction for Grades Five Through Eight
Authors:   , Anderson Eugene
Published: February 2023

This study is intended to establish a planned course of instruction for basketball in grades five through eight. The purpose is to present a progressive instruction plan that will offer to all the children of a physical education class the opportunity to acquire some knowledge and skills fundamental to playing the game of basketball. This plan will be based on learning processes and development of children that are normally found in the age groups included in grades five through eight. This study is to serve as an available, working guide for instruction that can be taken into the classroom as an instructional guide.
A Study of Kansas Scholastic Journalism Programs and the Extent of Student Publications Content and Control
Authors:   , Adams David
Published: February 2023

The problem to be investigated in this study is an examination of current practices of Kansas scholastic journalism progress, concentrating on areas of content, control, and censorship.
Use of Modeling in the Induction of First Order Quantitave Invariants
Authors:   , Reifschneider Paul
Published: February 2023

A group of children ranging from 5.0 to 6.6 years of age were drawn from a number of elementary schools that serve an area of predominately rural white American children. These children were divided into three groups with one group being exposed to an adult female model, one to a female peer model, and the third, receiving no exposure to a model. The modeling situations for both experimental groups were generally the same in that they were concerned with facilitating the acquisition of conservation of number (or length) and the subsequent generalization to the conservation of length (or number) with no prior training on length (or number) conservation. Each subject was exposed to four phases of treatment: baseline, training, transfer, and retention. This study included the following methodological improvements over other previous studies in this area: increased number of objects on number conservation items, the use of inequality items, and the use of a longer delay between the transfer and retention phases. It was found that a significant number (62%) of those children identified as non-conservers failed to train, transfer, and retain the conserving operations. There were no significant effects due to modeling conditions, sex of child, and order of stimulus sets on the conservation behavior of the experimental subjects.
Notes On The Distribution of Amphibia and Reptilia of Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Brennen L.
Published: February 2023

Comparatively little has been done concerning the listing or recording of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Ellis County, Kansas. What records there are of the species are for the most part unpublished. Early papers dealing with Kansas herpetology are few in number. Little has been done in Ellis and the surrounding counties, so there seems to be a need for such an ecological study as has been carried out in this paper “Notes on the Distribution of Amphibia and Reptilia of Ellis County, Kansas . \ The objectives kept in mind in preparing this report have been to attempt to show what kinds (species) of amphibians and reptiles are present within this area; the habitat distribution of each species; and the numbers of each species per habitat; and the relation of species to habitats.
An Investigation of College Preparatory Backgrounds
Authors:   , Jones Lila
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between college entrance test scores and evaluations made by college freshmen of their college preparatory backgrounds in English composition, in reading, and in study skills. Following the establishment of a valid and reliable relationship between the two measures, a secondary objective was to learn where the students indicated that their preparatory backgrounds could have been strengthened. To conduct the investigation, a writer-designed Rating Scale Evaluation was used by the students in appraising their backgrounds. Evaluations made by 263 freshmen enrolled in Freshmen English Composition at Fort Hays Kansas State College were compared with their entrance test scores made on the American College Tests and the Minnesota Reading Test. Substantially significant validity coefficients were established for the group as a whole with a range of .37 to .60; but for the smaller ability groups, the numbers were insufficient for the establishment of statistically significant relationships. According to the size of the sample, reliability of .95 was assumed on the basis of related research, which showed both validity and reliability increasing with the number of raters. The conclusions made in regard to college preparatory background was summarized as follows: 1. The most significant conclusion was that this group of college freshmen was capable of estimating and appraising their own competencies with reference to their preparatory backgrounds. 2. Preparatory background in the basic skills was considered adequate to good by the great majority of students. 3. In general, college preparatory background was considered deficient in the use of effective methods of study, in the use of library materials, and in the more refined reading skills. 4. Preparatory background in the basic composition skills was considered a serious deficiency only by students in the remedial classes. The following recommendations and suggestions were made: 1. that student evaluations be used more frequently in appraising educational backgrounds, including objectives and procedures. 2. That this study be extended to include course marks made by these college freshmen in English Composition. 3. That a similar study be made in which there would be a better sampling of Composition I students to support or negate some of the findings of this study. 4. That a study similar to this one be made in the fall and repeated in the spring. Such a study could yield valuable information concerning the intellectual growth of college freshmen, especially in changes of perception and perspective.