bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kalkınma - Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Teori, Politika ve Uygulama
Authors: Durgun Burhan
Published: September 2023

Ekonominin bir bilim olarak ortaya çıktığı döneme denk gelen sanayileşme çağından günümüze kadar her geçen gün önemini arttıran gelir dağılımındaki eşitsizlik konusu toplumsal barışı tehdit etmekte ve adalet duygusunu zedelemektedir. Toplumun imrendiği zenginliğin toplumsal itiraza sebep olması karışıklıklar, istikrarsızlıklar ve ahlaki çöküşe zemin hazırlayabilmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda toplumdaki yansımaları daha fazla belirginleşmeye başlayan bu sorunun çözümü veya etkisinin azaltılması için öncelikle sorunu oluşturan etmenlerin ortaya konulması gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla başta gelir olmak üzere belli değişkenlerin etkilerinin ölçüldüğü çalışmalardan oluşan geniş bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Bu literatüre yeni bir katkı yapmayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada insani gelişme endeksinin gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın ampirik kısmında çeşitli ekonometrik yöntemlerden faydalanılmış ve Türkiye’nin yanı sıra gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için elde edilen sonuçlar ayrı ayrı ve karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
PERANAN PANTI X DALAM MENANAMKAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK ASUH
Authors: Septiana Geby , Widi Astuti Niken , Tasdin Willy
Published: September 2023

Pendidikan karakter adalah membentuk kepribadian seseorang melalui pendidikan karakter, dan hasilnya tercermin dalam tindakan nyata seseorang (Lickona, 1991). Tujuan pendidikan karakter untuk membantu anak berkembang secara fisik dan mental, dari fitrahnya menuju kemanusiaan dan peradaban yang lebih baik (Hadisi, 2015). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peranan panti asuhan dan mendeskripsikan dalam menanamkan pendidikan karakter. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini melibatkan dua pengasuh dan dua anak asuh di Panti X. Hasil observasi menunjukan bahwa ada beberapa karakter anak asuh yang masih belum sesuai dengan lima Gerakan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) yaitu nilai religius, nilai nasionalisme, nilai kemandirian, nilai gotong royong, dan nilai integritas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peran panti dalam upaya menanamkan pendidikan karakter melalui kegiatan, program, pembelajaran, pemahaman, serta aturan dan tata tertib yang dapat mengembangkan nilai-nilai karakter anak asuh. Berdasarkan analisis dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa peran panti X dengan memberikan bimbingan dan dukungan yang dapat terwujud dengan berbagai faktor pendukung seperti keterlibatan pengurus panti asuhan yang bersedia dalam membimbing anak panti, kesadaran anak pada perilaku dan lingkungan panti yang mendukung.
EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN SOME TISSUES OF CARP (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: KAVASOGLU Mustafa , UYSAL Kazım
Published: September 2023

In this study, the changes in the catalase, superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase activities, and the levels of malondialdehyde in the muscle, liver, gill, skin, brain, and intestinal tissues of carps (Cyprinus carpio), in which 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L concentrations cyanide were added, were investigated. It was determined that the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and carbonic anhydrase activities of fish exposed to cyanide were inhibited in some tissues and increased in some tissues. Especially in 15-day experiments statistically significant decreases were observed in enzyme activities. It was observed that malondialdehyde levels, which are one of the important markers of cell damage of tissues generally increased with cyanide exposure. In this study, malondialdehyde levels increased statistically significant in the liver and intestinal tissues in the 3-day experiment and the muscle tissue in the 15-day experiment.
Ancient West
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

This post forms part of my ‘aspects of the novel’ collection. Please do note that these entries, which may appear basic, are simply my own notes on the subject. They implicitly or explicitly describe a canon not of my own making or choosing and replicate this from various sources. The original encyclopaedia articles are far more comprehensive, nuanced and worth consulting.
If you cannot connect to a deluged daemon remotely
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

I had a setup of deluge running on a remote box as a daemon. I had verified the credentials were all OK, the port forwarding was setup, the daemon was running and listening. But I couldn’t connect remotely. CHECK THE VERSION OF DELUGED THAT YOU ARE RUNNING! If you are running deluged 1.3.x and trying to connect with deluge 2.x, it will report that the remote server is not running.
Last year I spent 506 hours answering emails. How I hope to do less of it this year.
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

In 2021 I spent 506 hours answering email. That’s less than the 558 that I spent on the task in 2020, but it’s still a full 72 days’ worth of my time per year. (My nominal contract is seven hours per day, but for an eight-hour day, it’s still 63 days.) It’s less than some people and more than others.
Authorship
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

This post forms part of my ‘aspects of the novel’ collection. Please do note that these entries, which may appear basic, are simply my own notes on the subject. They implicitly or explicitly describe a canon not of my own making or choosing and replicate this from various sources. The original encyclopaedia articles are far more comprehensive, nuanced and worth consulting. What could be easier to describe than “authorship” of a novel?
On informed consent and open licensing
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

I gave my final talk of the year, today, at the University of Leeds, on open access in the humanities disciplines. Perhaps predictably, all of the Q&A centred on open licensing and the concerns from humanists around the misuse of their work. My basic line on all this has shifted over time, but I am more cautious now than I used to be and feel better about somewhat more restrictive CC licenses.
The Asian-American Novel
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

This post forms part of my ‘aspects of the novel’ collection. Please do note that these entries, which may appear basic, are simply my own notes on the subject. They implicitly or explicitly describe a canon not of my own making or choosing and replicate this from various sources. The original encyclopaedia articles are far more comprehensive, nuanced and worth consulting.
My 2022 year in review
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

Like many years, 2022 was a year of health problems for me. The entire year has been overshadowed by the episode of kidney failure that I suffered as a result of BK virus associated nephropathy. It is fair to say that I have been quite seriously unwell. I also spent a long period of this year, in my spare time, campaigning for protection of the immunocompromised with the monoclonal antibody therapy, Evusheld.
Citing Pirate Artifacts
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

By necessity, the bibliography to my book on Warez must cite a number of unconventional works that are not covered by standard style manuals. In particular, I need to make reference to NFO files that contain ASCII art and other iNFOrmation about the Warez Scene. As noted more extensively in the introduction, one of the primary sources upon which I draw is the

DeFacto2

archive. The format of some of these entries should be explained.
Assessment of neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in patients with hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Gašić Sanja , Perić Milica , Matić Tamara , Jorgaćević Teodora , Ilić Slađana
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION: The ratio of neutrophils-lymphocytes (NLR) and platelet-lymphocytes (PLR) is a new parameter in the assessment of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NLR and PLR in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, subjects were subjected to tests of thyroid gland function, antithyroid antibodies, as well as laboratory analyzes of blood count with determination of NLR and PLR. The respondents were grouped into two groups. The first group was patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), while the second group consisted of healthy individuals who represented the control group. RESULTS: NLR was statistically significantly higher in patients with HT compared to the control group (2.62±0.8 and 2.43±0.8, respectively; p=0.02), while PLR was higher in people with HT compared to the control group, but without statistical significance significance (169±42.5; 159±40.3; p=0.08). Among the examined patients with HT, the group with hypothyroidism showed statistically higher NLR values compared to the group of patients with euthyroid status (2.7±0.9 ; 2.31±0.7 p=0.03). Among the examined patients with HT, the group with hypothyroidism showed statistically higher PLR values compared to the group of patients with euthyroid status, as well as the group with subclinical hypothyroidism (177.8±48.2; 148.3±39.3; 155.5±42.5 p=0.04). NLR and PLR show a statistically significant positive correlation with the level of TSH, Anti TPO and TG At in the group with HT. CONCLUSION: NLR and PLR can serve as practical and valuable markers of the clinical course of the disease, but also markers of autoimmune diseases that progress with chronic inflammation.
Frequency of depression in patients affected by subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism: A cross-section study
Authors: Jandrić-Kočić Marijana , Knežević Snežana
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Hypothyroidism can be accompanied by various neuropsychiatric manifestations ranging from mild depression and anxiety to psychosis. Objective. The study aimed to determine the presence of depression in patients with hypothyroidism (clinical and subclinical). Methods. The survey was conducted over twenty-four months, from 01. 07. 2017. to 01. 07. 2019., at the Health Center Krupa na Uni. The cross-sectional study included 160 persons, two groups of 80 persons each. The first group included those with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism, while the control group consisted of people with neat, thyroid function. In addition to the general questionnaire, the study used Beck's Depression Inventory and laboratory analyzes (enzymatic assays to determine thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine). The chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis. Results. The first group consisted of 62 (38.7%) subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism and 18 (11.3%) with clinical hypothyroidism, 51 (63.7%) women and 29 (36.3%) men with a mean age of 52±6.9 years. The control group consisted of 42 (52.5%) women and 38 (47.5%) men, with a mean age of 51±4.3 years. Mild depression was verified in 50 (31.2%), moderately severe in 43 (26.9%), and severe depression in 3 (1.9%). The study found the existence of statistically significantly moderate-severe depression in participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of our study indicate a statistically significantly presence of moderately severe depression in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Early detection and adequate therapeutic intervention of thyroid gland disorders in patients with depression. Our findings favor the need for early and routine screening for hypothyroidism and depression.
مدى إمكانية تطبيق بطاقة الأداء المتوازن لتقييم الأداء في شركات الطيران الليبية
Authors: الشويرف عادل امحمد , ادنيوير علي محمد
Published: September 2023

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى إمكانية تطبيق الأبعاد المختلفة لبطاقة الأداء المتوازن لتقييم الأداء في شركات الطيران الليبية, ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استخدام صحيفة استبانة وزعت على عينة الدّراسة التي شملت أعضاء مجالس الإدارة، والمستشارين، والمديرين التنفيذيين، والمديرين الماليين ومديري الإدارات ورؤساء المكاتب والأقسام والموظفين بالإدارات المالية بشركات الطيران الليبية. وقد أظهرت النتائج بشكل عام أن هناك إمكانية لتطبيق بطاقة الأداء المتوازن لتقييم الأداء في شركات الطيران الليبية بأبعادها الخمسة (البُعد المالي، وبُعد العملاء، وبُعد العمليات الدّاخلية، وبُعد الّتعلم والنمو، والبُعد الاجتماعي)، كما أن شركات الطيران الليبية لا تهتم بشكاوى العملاء ومعالجتها بشكل سريع، وكذلك لا توجد لديها القدرة الكافية لتحديد احتياجات السوق وتشخيصها ، كما أظهرت النتائج أيضا أن شركات الطيران الليبية لا تشجع موظفيها بشكل كبير على العمل التّطوعي لخدمة المجتمع، وكذلك لا تسهم في توفير فرص العمل للإسهام في حل مشكلة البطالة في المجتمع. وقد أوصت الدّراسة بعدّة توصيات قد تساعد شركات الطيران الليبية على تبني تطبيق بطاقة الأداء المتوازن.
Financial and extra-financial determinants of CEOs’ sustainable discourse: a longitudinal analysis on the US market
Authors: LACHUER Julien , JOST Sébastien
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to identify, through the discourse, the managerial sustainable behaviors that lead to both financial and extra-financial performance. Under the prism of alignment and instrumental theories on corporate social responsibility (CSR), we investigate the moderating role of CEOs by examining the interrelation between CEOs’ introductory discourses in sustainability reports and financial and extra-financial performance. Through the use of a logit model and textual analysis, we conduct a longitudinal analysis on firms listed on the S&P500 between 2014 and 2019 in three sectors. We find that CEOs’ discourse is interrelated with financial and extra financial performance. Their discourse is a key factor in understanding whether CEOs’ CSR strategies meet the main sectorial strategic issues.
BÖLGELERİN KALKINMASINDA LİMANLARIN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: İZMİR ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: OĞUZ Saygın Can , KUŞ Cangül
Published: September 2023

Limanlar erişimi güçlendirmeleri, üretimi ve ticareti desteklemeleri, ekonomik ve sosyal canlılığı artırmaları gibi faydaları ile bölgesel kalkınma açısından özel öneme sahiptir. Kadim bir liman şehri olan İzmir bugün 16 liman ve 92 milyon ton yük elleçleme miktarı ile büyük bir liman bölgesidir. Ancak uzun dönemli gözlemlere ve yaşanan gelişmelere rağmen, İzmir limanlarında elleçlenen yükün Türkiye içindeki payının azalma eğilimini işaret etmektedir. İzmir’in liman altyapısı ve liman hizmetlerine dair deneyiminin değişen koşullar içinde daha ileri nasıl taşınabileceğine odaklanan bir strateji çalışması İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından yapılmıştır. Analiz ve katılımcılık zemini üzerinde geliştirilen ve alanında ilk bölgesel çalışma olarak değerlendirilen İzmir Limanları Mevcut Durum Analizi ve Gelişim Perspektifi; TCDD İzmir Limanı’nın canlandırılması, Aliağa limanlarının güçlendirilmesi, Çandarlı Limanı’nın rüzgar enerjisi ekipmanları taşımacılığı üzerine ihtisaslaşması ve tüm liman bölgesinin liman otoritesi modeliyle etkin biçimde yönetilmesi önerilerini içermektedir. Bu makalede, bölgesel kalkınmada limanlara öncelik veren bir anlayış ile İzmir Bölgesi özelinde yapılan çalışmaların liman ve kalkınma literatürü ile bağlantılı biçimde aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Türkiye’de liman bulunan bölgelerde limanların güçlendirilmesine ilişkin çalışmaların bölgesel ekonominin gelişimi açısından rol oynadığını, nitelikli analizler ve katılımcılık süreçleri ile hayata geçirilecek doğru politikaların uzun vadede liman kaynaklı gelir, iş ve katma değer artışlarına katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
El Proceso de formación de la imagen de los destinos turísticos
Authors: Beerli Palacio Asunción , Martín Santana Josefa D.
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo se centra en el proceso de formación de la imagen de los destinos turísticos, y más concretamente, en los factores que influyen en dicho proceso. A tal efecto, se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura al objeto de analizar en profundidad los factores que influyen en la conformación de la imagen de los destinos turísticos y que hacen referencia a las distintas fuentes de información, tanto secundarias como primarias, a las motivaciones de los turistas y a las características sociodemográficas del turista relacionadas con el género, la edad, el nivel de estudios, la clase social y el país de procedencia.
Estudio sobre estrangulamientos-saturación de municipios turísticos
Authors: Fuster Lareu Juan
Published: September 2023

Podemos entender el desarrollo económico como el proceso encaminado hacia la resolución de estrangulamientos económicos. Contemplado analíticamente cada estrangulamiento se nos manifiesta con fuerza suficiente como para no poder permitir el paso hacia una etapa económicamente más desarrollada. En la realidad económica los estrangulamientos se nos manifiestan, en su conjunto, impidiendo o retrasando el proceso de desarrollo. El estudio tiene por objeto analizar los estrangulamientos que se producen en lugares separados de núcleos poblacionales importantes. Al incidir sobre ellos la demanda turística con fuerza pujante, los elementos financiero-políticos locales, no han podido hacer frente a las necesidades más acuciantes.
Econometría del turismo
Authors: Alcaide Inchausti Angel
Published: September 2023

"El objeto de la econometría es el de explicar hechos económicos y formular pronósticos útiles en política económica mediante modelos estructurales, en cuyas ecuaciones pueden figurar variables aleatorias que permiten realizar las mediciones en términos de probabilidad". Una primera etapa para abordar el estudio de cualquier conocimiento, comprende la observación del mismo de una forma que permita describirlo con la mayor precisión posible, y aquí surge la necesidad de la Econometría del Turismo, al menos para conocer la realidad turística en su aspecto económico.
Nota crítica de los índices de Livi sobre el coste de vida del turista
Authors: Pulido San Román Antonio
Published: September 2023

El autor después de un análisis profundo llega a la conclusión de que puede considerarse que los índices elaborados por Livi (datos sobre el incremento del índice del coste de la vida) unen a fuertes dificultades teóricas, un método incorrecto, unos elevados errores de muestreo y sobre todo un desconocimiento de los datos de origen que hace que la validez de los índices se sustenten totalmente en la buena fe del profesor Livi, y puede ponerse en razonable duda. Puede observarse que las cifras dadas para España son excesivas, tanto en el año 1964, como, aún más, en el año 1965. Especial peso y significación tienen los costes en alojamientos y comidas.
Las modificaciones de la Ley General Tributaria
Authors: Galindo Morell Pilar
Published: September 2023

La Ley 34/2015, de 21 de septiembre, de reforma parcial de la Ley 58/2003, de 17 de diciembre, General Tributaria (LGT) –BOE de 22 de septiembre de 2015–, viene a culminar la primera gran etapa de la llamada “reforma fiscal”, iniciada en su día con la aprobación de las leyes 26, 27 y 28/2014, de 27 de noviembre, de reforma de los principales impuestos de nuestro sistema tributario, a saber: impuesto sobre la renta de las personas físicas (IRPF), impuesto de sociedades (IS) e impuesto sobre el valor añadido (IVA), respectivamente. Esta modificación encuentra su justificación en motivos de diversa índole, algunos exclusivamente técnicos, respecto de preceptos ya incorporados en la vigente LGT, y otros determinados por la necesidad de incorporar nuevas figuras sustantivas y procedimentales para cubrir vacíos legales actualmente existentes, o adaptar la norma para superar situaciones de controversia interpretativa, administrativas y jurisdiccionales, puestas de manifiesto a los largo de estos años, asegurando esta reforma el mantenimiento del carácter codificador que se reconoce a esta Ley. No es la primera reforma de la LGT desde su entrada en vigor, pero sí es, como señala su preámbulo, la de mayor calado, con la finalidad de adaptar la normativa tributaria a la evolución de la sociedad, respetando el principio de estabilidad de la normativa en beneficio de los operadores jurídicos que aplican el sistema tributario: los obligados tributarios, los colaboradores sociales y la propia Administración Tributaria. Con esta modificación de la Ley General Tributaria, y a falta de las que procedan en cada uno de los reglamentos reguladores de los distintos procedimientos, se completará el proceso de reforma fiscal iniciado el año pasado.
Los Gobiernos locales intermedios en la gestión de los fondos europeos para la recuperación
Authors: Colás Tenas Jesús
Published: September 2023

El texto analiza el papel que han jugado las entidades locales en la crisis social y económica producida por la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19; y el escaso reconocimiento que han tenido en el Real Decreto-ley 36/2020, de 30 de diciembre, por el que se aprueban medidas urgentes para la modernización de la Administración Pública y para la ejecución del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia. Y, de manera especial, se pone de manifiesto el olvido de los Gobiernos locales intermedios en la gestión de los fondos “Next Generation Europe”.
La dirección pública profesional en los Gobiernos locales. Marco general y análisis de dos regulaciones autonómicas: Euskadi y Cataluña
Authors: Jiménez Asensio Rafael
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar cuáles son los elementos esenciales del régimen jurídico del personal directivo profesional de las entidades locales, de acuerdo con el desarrollo normativo que se ha hecho de esa figura tanto en la legislación básica como, en particular, en algunas comunidades autónomas (en concreto, en Cataluña y Euskadi), donde se ha establecido una normativa propia que afronta esta cuestión en el ámbito local de gobierno. Especial importancia tiene en este proceso (por lo que afecta a la regulación catalana) la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 17 de diciembre de 2019. Las diferencias entre tales regulaciones normativas, aun ofreciendo algunos elementos comunes, son notables; y se deben en especial a la distinta intensidad reguladora de tal materia, pero también a aspectos materiales como la mayor o menor aplicación de sus previsiones en uno y otro caso.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHB, PHBV ELECTROSPUN FIBERS AND THEIR BLENDS
Authors: Akdağ Hatice Aybige , Duzyer Gebizli Sebnem , Hockenberger Aslı
Published: September 2023

Polhydroxbutyrates (PHBs) are well-known bio-based and biodegradable bacterial polyesters. In this study, the effects of polymer type, solution concentration and feeding rate on the electrospinnability of Poly(3-hydroxbutyrate) (PHB) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV nanofibers were investigated. First, PHB, PHBV and PHB/PHBV solutions with different polymer concentrations ranging between 5-11% wt. were prepared and characterized in terms of viscosity. Afterwards, electrospinning was performed and ultrafine fibers were produced. The surface morphology and the fiber diameters of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Pore sizes of the samples were also calculated. In order to understand the wettability of the samples, contact angle measurements were conducted. The thermal properties and the crystallinity of the samples were investigated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The solution viscosities increased dramatically above %9 wt. of polymer concentration. SEM images revealed that decreasing feeding rate and increasing solution concentration resulted in fewer bead formation. On the other hand, fibers with diameters from 1.2 to 5.4 μm were produced with the increasing solution concentration and increasing voltage. All samples showed contact angle values above 90° indicating that they are hydrophobic. The PHB/PHBV blend surface showed the highest contact angle. DSC analyses showed that PHBV surface had significantly lower crystallization degree than PHB surface produced at the same concentration. It can be concluded that PHB fibers can be successfully produced by electrospinning.
ONC201/TIC10 enhances durability of mTOR inhibitor everolimus in metastatic ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Farmaki Elena , Nath Aritro , Emond Rena , Karimi Kimya L , Grolmusz Vince K , Cosgrove Patrick A , Bild Andrea H
Published: September 2023

The mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, is an important clinical management component of metastatic ER+ breast cancer (BC). However, most patients develop resistance and progress on therapy, highlighting the need to discover strategies that increase mTOR inhibitor effectiveness. We developed ER+ BC cell lines, sensitive or resistant to everolimus, and discovered that combination treatment of ONC201/TIC10 with everolimus inhibited cell growth in 2D/3D in vitro studies. We confirmed increased therapeutic response in primary patient cells progressing on everolimus, supporting clinical relevance. We show that ONC201/TIC10 mechanism in metastatic ER+ BC cells involves oxidative phosphorylation inhibition and stress response activation. Transcriptomic analysis in everolimus resistant breast patient tumors and mitochondrial functional assays in resistant cell lines demonstrated increased mitochondrial respiration dependency, contributing to ONC201/TIC10 sensitivity. We propose that ONC201/TIC10 and modulation of mitochondrial function may provide an effective add-on therapy strategy for patients with metastatic ER+ BCs resistant to mTOR inhibitors.
The Reissner fiber under tension in vivo shows dynamic interaction with ciliated cells contacting the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Bellegarda Celine , Zavard Guillaume , Moisan Lionel , Brochard-Wyart Françoise , Joanny Jean-François , Gray Ryan S , Cantaut-Belarif Yasmine , Wyart Claire
Published: September 2023

The Reissner fiber (RF) is an acellular thread positioned in the midline of the central canal that aggregates thanks to the beating of numerous cilia from ependymal radial glial cells (ERGs) generating flow in the central canal of the spinal cord. RF together with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) form an axial sensory system detecting curvature. How RF, CSF-cNs and the multitude of motile cilia from ERGs interact in vivo appears critical for maintenance of RF and sensory functions of CSF-cNs to keep a straight body axis, but is not well-understood. Using in vivo imaging in larval zebrafish, we show that RF is under tension and resonates dorsoventrally. Focal RF ablations trigger retraction and relaxation of the fiber’s cut ends, with larger retraction speeds for rostral ablations. We built a mechanical model that estimates RF stress diffusion coefficient D at 5 mm2/s and reveals that tension builds up rostrally along the fiber. After RF ablation, spontaneous CSF-cN activity decreased and ciliary motility changed, suggesting physical interactions between RF and cilia projecting into the central canal. We observed that motile cilia were caudally-tilted and frequently interacted with RF. We propose that the numerous ependymal motile monocilia contribute to RF’s heterogenous tension via weak interactions. Our work demonstrates that under tension, the Reissner fiber dynamically interacts with motile cilia generating CSF flow and spinal sensory neurons.
Development and validation of a high throughput screening platform to enable target identification in skeletal muscle cells from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients
Authors: Hariharan Santosh , Lorintiu Oana , Lee Chia-Chin , Duchemin-Pelletier Eve , Li Xianfeng , Healy Aileen , Doyonnas Regis , Selig Luc , Poydenot Pauline , Ventre Erwann , Weston Andrea , Owens Jane , Christoforou Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal muscle degenerating disease caused by dystrophin deficiency. Effective methods for drug discovery for the treatment of DMD requires systems to be physiologically relevant, scalable, and effective. To this end, the Myoscreen platform offers a scalable and physiologically relevant system for generating and characterizing patient-derived myotubes. Morphological profiling is a powerful technique involving the simultaneous measurement of hundreds of morphological parameters from fluorescence microscopy images and using machine learning to predict cellular activity. Here, we describe combining the Myoscreen platform and high dimensional morphological profiling to accurately predict a phenotype associated with the lack of Dystrophin expression in patient derived myotubes. Using this methodology, we evaluated a series of Dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) candidates and identified that the combination of Utrophin and α- Sarcoglycan yielded highest morphological differences between DMD and non-DMD donors. Finally, we validated this methodology by knocking down Dystrophin expression in non-DMD cells as well as introducing Dystrophin expression in DMD cells. Knocking down Dystrophin in non- DMD cells shifted their morphological profile to one that is similar to DMD cells while introducing Dystrophin in DMD cells shifted their morphological profile towards non-DMD cells. In conclusion, we have developed a platform that accurately predicts the DMD disease phenotype in a disease relevant cell type. Ultimately this platform may have wide applications in the drug development process include identification of disease modifier genes, screening of novel therapeutic moieties, and as a potency assay for future therapeutics.
Active Dendrites Enable Robust Spiking Computations Despite Timing Jitter
Authors: Burger Thomas SJ , Rule Michael E , O’Leary Timothy
Published: September 2023

Dendritic action potentials exhibit long plateaus of many tens of milliseconds, outliving axonal spikes by an order of magnitude. The computational role of these slow events seems at odds with any need to rapidly integrate and relay information throughout large nervous systems. We propose that the timescale of dendritic potentials allows reliable integration of asynchronous inputs. We develop a physiologically grounded model in which the extended duration of dendritic spikes equips each dendrite with a resettable memory of incoming signals. This provides a tractable model for capturing dendritic nonlinearities observed in experiments and in more complex, detailed models. Using this model, we show that long-lived, nonlinear dendritic plateau potentials allow reliable integration of asynchronous spikes. We demonstrate this model supports non-trivial computations in a network solving an arbitrary association/discrimination task using sparse spiking that is subject to timing jitter. This demonstrates a computational role for the specific timecourse of dendritic potentials in situations where decisions occur quickly, reliably, and with a low number of spikes. Our results provide empirically testable hypotheses for the role of dendritic action potentials in cortical function as well as a potential bio-inspired means of realising neuromorphic spiking computations in analog hardware.
Large-scale deorphanization of Nematostella vectensis neuropeptide GPCRs supports the independent expansion of bilaterian and cnidarian peptidergic systems
Authors: Thiel Daniel , Yañez-Guerra Luis Alfonso , Kieswetter Amanda , Cole Alison G. , Temmerman Liesbet , Technau Ulrich , Jékely Gáspár
Published: September 2023

Neuropeptides are ancient signaling molecules in animals but only few peptide receptors are known outside bilaterians. Cnidarians possess a large number of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) – the most common receptors of bilaterian neuropeptides – but most of these remain orphan with no known ligands. We searched for neuropeptides in the sea anemone
Nematostella vectensis
and created a library of 64 peptides derived from 33 precursors. In a large-scale pharmacological screen with these peptides and 161
N. vectensis
GPCRs, we identified 31 receptors specifically activated by one of 14 peptides. Mapping GPCR and neuropeptide expression to single-cell sequencing data revealed how cnidarian tissues are extensively wired by multilayer peptidergic networks. Phylogenetic analysis identified no direct orthology to bilaterian peptidergic systems and supports the independent expansion of neuropeptide signaling in cnidarians from a few ancestral peptide-receptor pairs.
The ORP9-ORP11 dimer promotes sphingomyelin synthesis
Authors: Cabukusta Birol , Borst Pauwels Shalom , Akkermans Jimmy JLL , Blomberg Niek , Mulder Aat A , Koning Roman I , Giera Martin , Neefjes Jacques
Published: September 2023

Numerous lipids are heterogeneously distributed among organelles. Most lipid trafficking between organelles is achieved by a group of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) that carry lipids using their hydrophobic cavities. The human genome encodes many intracellular LTPs responsible for lipid trafficking and the function of many LTPs in defining cellular lipid levels and distributions is unclear. Here, we created a gene knockout library targeting 90 intracellular LTPs and performed whole-cell lipidomics analysis. This analysis confirmed known lipid disturbances and identified new ones caused by the loss of LTPs. Among these, we found major sphingolipid imbalances in ORP9 and ORP11 knockout cells, two proteins of previously unknown function in sphingolipid metabolism. ORP9 and ORP11 form a heterodimer to localize at the ER-trans-Golgi membrane contact sites, where the dimer exchanges phosphatidylserine (PS) for phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) between the two organelles. Consequently, loss of either protein causes phospholipid imbalances in the Golgi apparatus that result in lowered sphingomyelin synthesis at this organelle. Overall, our LTP knockout library toolbox identifies various proteins in control of cellular lipid levels, including the ORP9-ORP11 heterodimer, which exchanges PS and PI(4)P at the ER-Golgi membrane contact site as a critical step in sphingomyelin synthesis in the Golgi apparatus.
Randomized Clinical Trial Visual Abstract Display and Social Media–Driven Website Traffic
Authors: Trueger N. Seth , Aly Eman , Haneuse Sebastien , Huang Evelyn , Berkwits Michael
Published: September 2023

In this study, the authors assessed whether publication of a visual abstract on social media was associated with reader engagement online.
COVID-19 Therapeutics for Nonhospitalized Patients—Updates and Future Directions
Authors: Chew Kara W. , Malani Preeti N. , Gandhi Rajesh T.
Published: September 2023

In this Viewpoint, the authors summarize the therapeutic landscape for COVID-19, discuss who is most likely to benefit from treatment, provide an update on managing illness in immunocompromised individuals, and highlight how to improve COVID-19 treatment.
Misinformation, Trust, and Use of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19
Authors: Perlis Roy H. , Lunz Trujillo Kristin , Green Jon , Safarpour Alauna , Druckman James N. , Santillana Mauricio , Ognyanova Katherine , Lazer David
Published: September 2023

Importance

The COVID-19 pandemic has been notable for the widespread dissemination of misinformation regarding the virus and appropriate treatment.

Objective

To quantify the prevalence of non–evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 in the US and the association between such treatment and endorsement of misinformation as well as lack of trust in physicians and scientists.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-wave, population-based, nonprobability internet survey study was conducted between December 22, 2022, and January 16, 2023, in US residents 18 years or older who reported prior COVID-19 infection.

Main Outcome and Measure

Self-reported use of ivermectin or hydroxychloroquine, endorsing false statements related to COVID-19 vaccination, self-reported trust in various institutions, conspiratorial thinking measured by the American Conspiracy Thinking Scale, and news sources.

Results

A total of 13 438 individuals (mean [SD] age, 42.7 [16.1] years; 9150 [68.1%] female and 4288 [31.9%] male) who reported prior COVID-19 infection were included in this study. In this cohort, 799 (5.9%) reported prior use of hydroxychloroquine (527 [3.9%]) or ivermectin (440 [3.3%]). In regression models including sociodemographic features as well as political affiliation, those who endorsed at least 1 item of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation were more likely to receive non–evidence-based medication (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.86; 95% CI, 2.28-3.58). Those reporting trust in physicians and hospitals (adjusted OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98) and in scientists (adjusted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51-0.79) were less likely to receive non–evidence-based medication. Respondents reporting trust in social media (adjusted OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.00-2.87) and in Donald Trump (adjusted OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.34-3.78) were more likely to have taken non–evidence-based medication. Individuals with greater scores on the American Conspiracy Thinking Scale were more likely to have received non–evidence-based medications (unadjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.11; adjusted OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of US adults, endorsement of misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of trust in physicians or scientists, conspiracy-mindedness, and the nature of news sources were associated with receiving non–evidence-based treatment for COVID-19. These results suggest that the potential harms of misinformation may extend to the use of ineffective and potentially toxic treatments in addition to avoidance of health-promoting behaviors.
Fibers
Authors: Hsieh You‐Lo
Published: September 2023

Fibers are thin, flexible, and high length‐to‐width materials found in nature as well as by human invention. Fibers are differentiated from other forms of solid materials, such as films and powders, on the basis of their geometry. This article introduces fibers and fibrous materials and the underlying concepts that govern their structures, properties, manufacture, and utilization. For thousands of years of human history through the last century, fibers have been used mainly in constructing woven, nonwoven, and knitted textiles for clothing, home and interior furnishing, and papermaking. With the advent of organic chemistry, polymer syntheses, fiber spinning technologies, product conversion processing, and the ever‐increasing demands for better quality and specialty goods, the field of fibers and fibrous materials has evolved with far more advanced and wider product development strategies.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Professional Fulfillment Index among healthcare professionals: A validation study
Authors: Asaoka Hiroki , Sasaki Natsu , Koido Yuichi , Kawashima Yuzuru , Ikeda Miki , Miyamoto Yuki , Nishi Daisuke
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Translation of the Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) into Japanese would be more useful than the currently developed scales for appropriately measuring burnout and professional fulfillment in healthcare professionals. This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the PFI and examine its internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity in healthcare professionals.

Methods

Healthcare professionals in Japan were recruited online. The survey was conducted from October to November 2022. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach’s α. Structural validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, which were calculated between each score of the PFI scale and burnout (the Japanese Burnout Scale: JBS), depressive symptoms (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and QOL (the General Health Questionnaire-12).

Results

The Cronbach’s alpha was .91 in professional fulfillment, .80 in burnout: work exhaustion, .90 in burnout: interpersonal disengagement, and .89 in burnout: total score. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a modest fit, and EFA yielded a three-factor structure the same as the original PFI. The all three subscales and total score of burnout were significantly correlated with the scores of all the scales (p < .001; e.g., burnout: work exhaustion correlated emotional exhaustion in JBS, r = .71).

Conclusions

The Japanese version of the PFI demonstrated acceptable high internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity of the scale with a three-factor structure the same as in the original PFI. The Japanese version of PFI proved to be reliable and valid for use in healthcare professionals.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Enabled by Oriented Phase Interactions between Monolayers of P3HT‐Wrapped MoS2 and Ferroelectric Lamellar Crystals
Authors: Lin Kun‐Ta , Cheng Wen‐Hui , Cheng Horng‐Long , Lin Hsin‐Hui , Chou Wei‐Yang , Hsu Bang‐Yu , Mao Cheng‐An , Hou Yu‐Cyuan , Ruan Jrjeng
Published: September 2023

Unveiled as a unique feature of polymer ferroelectric crystals, oriented coalescence within monolayers of poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)(PVDF‐TrFE) ferroelectric crystals has been found regulable upon monolayer roughness, which is accompanied by the adjustment of piezoelectric responses, and thus phase polarity. Simply with the deposition of poly(3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT)‐wrapped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) sheets, piezoelectric responses of polymer ferroelectric crystals are surprisingly enhanced further. Also dependent on the degrees of phase polarity, the binding energy of P3HT excitons declines to a level comparable to that of inorganic excitons, together with the alteration of work functions. These results suggest mutual polarization between ferroelectric lamellar crystals and originally nonpolar P3HT‐wrapped MoS2 sheets as a result of dipole‐induced dipole phase interactions. As the Fermi levels and driving forces of interfacial electron transition are also adjustable upon involved phase interactions, P3HT‐wrapped MoS2 sheets can photocatalyze hydrogen evolution with an average production rate reaching 4.474 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 1.6 times higher than the results without the aid of phase interactions. Accordingly, amplifying phase interactions has been elucidated feasible, and able to serve as a promising approach to generally promote photocatalytic reactions.
Room‐Temperature Sintering of Amorphous Thiophosphate Solid Electrolyte (Li3PS4): Coupling Morphological Evolution to Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Perrenot Patrice , Fauchier‐Magnan Adrien , Mirolo Marta , Lecarme Lauréline , Jouneau Pierre‐Henri , Boulineau Adrien , Bayle‐Guillemaud Pascale , Villevieille Claire
Published: September 2023

Thiophosphate solid electrolytes (Li3PS4, hereafter denoted LPS) have the advantage of presenting a reasonable ionic conductivity at room temperature (≈ 0.3 mS cm−1) and an easy manufacturing, meaning that they can be sintered at room temperature. Unfortunately, during cycling, several chemo‐mechanical degradations quite often attributed to the electrochemical activities occur, but they could also be linked to the sintering process. To date, a fundamental understanding of room‐temperature sintering and its impact on the microstructure, the ionic conductivity, and the link between electrochemistry and structure/morphology remains imprecise. In this study, a comprehensive study of homemade amorphous 75% Li2S – 25% P2S5 (Li3PS4) is presented, investigating the influence of pressure and time of room temperature sintering. Focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy coupled to electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Li plating/ stripping and coupled to structural techniques such as wide‐angle X‐ray scattering are used to establish the link between structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties. It is demonstrated that the room temperature sintering of solid electrolytes is not that trivial and that the commonly accepted rule “less porosity = better ionic conductivity” is not always true and that many additional parameters should be considered to properly sinter the solid electrolyte.
Measuring Solvent Exchange in Silica Nanoparticles with Rotor‐Based Fluorophore
Authors: Cheng Xuejun , Pu Yingming , Ye Songtao , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Xin , Chen Hongyu
Published: September 2023

Measuring the diffusivity of molecules is the first step toward understanding their dependence and controlling diffusion, but the challenge increases with the decrease of molecular size, particularly for non‐fluorescent and non‐reactive molecules such as solvents. Here, the capability to monitor the solvent exchange process within the micropores of silica with millisecond time resolution is demonstrated, by simply embedding a rotor‐based fluorophore (thioflavin T) in colloidal silica nanoparticles. Basically, the silica provides an extreme case of viscous microenvironment, which is affected by the polarity of the solvents. The fluorescence intensity traces can be well fitted to the Fickian diffusion model, allowing analytical solution of the diffusion process, and revealing the diffusion coefficients. The validation experiments, involving the water‐to‐ethanol and ethanol‐to‐water solvent exchange, the comparison of different drying conditions, and the variation in the degree of cross‐linking in silica, confirmed the effectiveness and sensitivity of this method for characterizing diffusion in silica micropores. This work focuses on the method development of measuring diffusivity and the high temporal resolution in tracking solvent exchange dynamics over a short distance (within 165 nm) opens enormous possibilities for further studies.
Ferroics in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Fundamentals, Design Strategies, and Implementation
Authors: Zheng Haining , Loh Kian Ping
Published: September 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) afford highly versatile structure design and lattice dimensionalities; thus, they are actively researched as material platforms for the tailoring of ferroic behaviors. Unlike single‐phase organic or inorganic materials, the interlayer coupling between organic and inorganic components in HOIPs allows the modification of strain and symmetry by chirality transfer or lattice distortion, thereby enabling the coexistence of ferroic orders. This review focuses on the principles for engineering one or multiple ferroic orders in HOIPs, and the conditions for achieving multiferroicity and magnetoelectric properties. The prospects of multilevel ferroic modulation, chiral spin textures, and spin orbitronics in HOIPs are also presented.
Transient Dual‐Response Iontronic Strain Sensor Based on Gelatin and Cellulose Nanocrystals Eutectogel Nanocomposites
Authors: Carrasco‐Saavedra Saúl , Tanguy Nicolas R. , García‐Nieto Iván , Pimentel‐Domínguez Reinher , Panzer Matthew J. , Mota‐Morales Josué D.
Published: September 2023

The emergence of wearable strain sensors in soft electronics has the potential to revolutionize healthcare and robotics. However, current sensors are based on petroleum‐based conductive composites that have a limited strain range. Ionic conductors such as hydrogels offer expanded strain range but have poor long‐term stability and restricted temperature operating window. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising nonaqueous electrolytes alternatives with green credentials. By combining DES electrolytes with biopolymers, transient ionic conductors are developed with high stretchability, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Herein, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are incorporated, bearing ─OSO3H or ─COOH groups, to gelatin‐based eutectogels to produce nanocomposites with enhanced properties and additional functionalities. The eutectogel nanocomposite containing 1.0 wt.% COOH‐CNC demonstrate enhanced stretchability (375%) and ionic conductivity (3.0 mS cm−1) compared to the pristine gelatin‐based eutectogel (300% strain and 2.0 mS cm−1, respectively). Moreover, the spontaneous assembly of CNC within the eutectogel results in birefringence, which changes when stretching the nanocomposites. Thus, CNC incorporation provides the gelatin‐based eutectogel with a dual‐response capabilities when stretched, expanding their applications to new areas such as transient multi‐responsive strain sensors for wearable electronics, and multifunctional substrates for soft robotics, without compromising overall performance or sustainability.