bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal evolution of basal conditions within Russell sector, West Greenland, inverted from satellite observations of surface flow
Authors: Derkacheva Anna , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Mouginot Jeremie , Jager Eliot , Maier Nathan , Cook Samuel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Increasing surface melting on the Greenland ice sheet requires better constraints on seasonally evolving basal water pressure and sliding speed. Here we assess the potential of using inverse methods on a dense time series of surface speeds to recover the seasonal evolution of the basal conditions in a well-documented region in southwest Greenland. Using data compiled from multiple satellite missions, we document seasonally evolving surface velocities with a temporal resolution of two weeks. We then apply the inverse control method using Elmer/Ice to infer the basal sliding and friction corresponding to each of the 24 surface-velocity data sets. Near the margin where the uncertainty in the velocity and bed topography are small, we obtain clear seasonal variations that can be mostly interpreted in terms of a effective-pressure based hard-bed friction law. We find for valley bottoms or "troughs" in the bed topography, the changes in basal conditions directly respond to local water pressure variations, while the link is more complex for subglacial "ridges" which are often non-locally forced. At the catchment scale, in-phase variations of the water pressure, surface velocities, surface-runoff variations are found.Our results show that time-series inversions of observed surface velocities can be used to understand the evolution of basal conditions over different timescales and could therefore serve as an intermediate validation for subglacial hydrology models to achieve better coupling with ice-flow models.
New methods to improve the vertical extrapolation of near-surface offshore wind speeds
Authors: Optis Mike , Bodini Nicola , Debnath Mithu , Doubrawa Paula
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Accurate characterization of the offshore wind resource has been hindered by a sparsity of wind speed observations that span offshore wind turbine rotor-swept heights. Although public availability of floating lidar data is increasing, most offshore wind speed observations continue to come from buoy-based and satellite-based near-surface measurements. The aim of this study is to develop and validate novel vertical extrapolation methods that can accurately estimate wind speed time series across rotor-swept heights using these near-surface measurements. We contrast the conventional logarithmic profile against three novel approaches: a logarithmic profile with a long-term stability correction, a single-column model, and a machine-learning model. These models are developed and validated using 1 year of observations from two floating lidars deployed in US Atlantic offshore wind energy areas. We find that the machine-learning model significantly outperforms all other models across all stability regimes, seasons, and times of day. Machine-learning model performance is considerably improved by including the air–sea temperature difference, which provides some accounting for offshore atmospheric stability. Finally, we find no degradation in machine-learning model performance when tested 83 km from its training location, suggesting promising future applications in extrapolating 10 m wind speeds from spatially resolved satellite-based wind atlases.
Concomitant trichotillomania cessation and thumb-sucking elimination: Of course, they’re related … aren’t they?
Authors: Green Shari
Published: June 2021

This article presents an overview of the current research literature that reveals some controversy, discussion of the need for more research, and report of some definitive success. In addition, four case studies of hair pulling and thumb-sucking are highlighted.
Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik, Kompetensi Pedagogik, Dan Kinerja Guru Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Guru SD Negeri Di Kecamatan Banggae Kabupaten Majene
Authors: Hari Yeni
Published: June 2021

On Going
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Alexander R. Naping
Published: June 2021

On Going
Pengaruh Penerapan Total Quality Manajemen Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Di Kantor Dinas Bina Marga Dan Bina Konstruksi Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Shandra Bahasoan
Published: June 2021

On Going
Physicochemical prerequisites for the development of complex relationships between the properties of metallurgical melts in order to predict the regularities of the distribution of elements during the finishing of steel on a ladle furnace
Authors: Snihura I.R. , Togobitskaya D.N. , Piptyuk V.P. , Grekov S.V. , Petrov A.F. , Golovko L.A.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work is to create a base of physical and chemical knowledge with blocks of operational analytical expressions that predict the complex properties of metal, slag melts and additives. The base is designed for a scientifically sound product of control actions for the purpose of directed formation of high-quality metal when bringing steel to the UCP. As a basis for describing the processes of interaction of phases in the work used the original method of physico-chemical modeling of the composition and properties of metallurgical melts, as well as experience in creating information and analytical systems for forecasting and controlling the smelting process. Models for forecasting the properties of steels and alloys for special purposes (chromium-nickel, iron-carbon steels of a wide range, aluminum, magnesium, heat-resistant nickel alloys) and ferroalloys of domestic production have been developed. High accuracy of forecast and stability of analytical expressions is obtained, which is confirmed by comparison with calculations on a software computer complex. The possibility of using interatomic interaction parameters to determine the activities of components in binary and multicomponent metal systems is shown. On the example of steel 09G2C, the structure of models for the distribution coefficients of elements, in particular Si and Mn, between the products of smelting during ladle processing was generated. The structural similarity of the models for determining the distribution coefficients of these elements is revealed, which is due to their proximity to the structure of clusters of one-component melts. The results of the work should be recommended for integration in ASNI and ASUTP of steel production in order to form a competitive end product.
Features of technological schemes and equipment for the production of thin strips on hot strip mill
Authors: Vorobei S.A. , Prykhodko I.Yu. , Raznosilin V.V.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work is to determine rational schemes for their
production by analyzing the technological and design parameters of a number of
broadband mills that roll hot-rolled strips less than 2,0 mm thick. It is shown that at
present there is a constant increase in the production of extremely thin hot-rolled strips
(0,8-1,5 mm thick), which can be used instead of more expensive (by $ 20-30 per ton)
cold-rolled strips. The development of the production of hot-rolled strips of such a
thickness is limited by a number of problems, in particular, the low temperature of the
end of rolling (760-820 °C), which leads to a significant decrease in the ductility of the
rolled stock; limiting the rolling filling speed, which does not allow increasing the
temperature of the end of rolling the complexity of controlling the cross-sectional profile
and flatness of the strips. Using mathematical modeling, it was found that the strip
thickness and rolling speed have the greatest influence on the temperature of the end of
rolling. The thickness and temperature of the rolls at the entrance to the finishing group
of stands have a lesser effect. A decrease in the number of stands in the finishing group
increases the temperature of the end of rolling at a constant thickness of the rolls, but
when the thickness of the rolls changes in accordance with the number of stands, the
effect is significantly reduced. The most favorable technological parameters for the
production of extra-thin hot-rolled strips are provided by casting and rolling units, which
are characterized, in comparison with broad-strip mills, as a rule, by a greater thickness
and temperature of the rolls (or continuously cast slabs) and a smaller number of stands.
An increase in the thickness of billets (slabs) requires an increase in the permissible
values of the energy-power parameters of rolling, as well as the use of special solutions
that will ensure minimal heat loss by the rolls before entering the finishing group of
stands. Calculations show that, based on the reliable maximum refueling speed of hotrolled strips (10-11.5 m / s) achieved in the industry, the minimum thickness of strips with high plastic characteristics is: for broad-strip mills - 1.9-2.0 mm; for casting and
rolling units, depending on their type - 1.3-1.6 mm.
Influence of thermal strengthening technology on variability of mechanical properties of rolled metal product
Authors: Parusov E.V. , Chuiko I.N , Lutsenko V.A , Parusov O.V. , Golubenko T.N. , Lutsenko O.V. , Sivak A.I.
Published: June 2021

Rebars and coiled bar have a tendency to softening over time. After holding at the room temperature the ductility of the rolled products can be partially restored due to the processes of return and relaxation and also deposition of the diffusion-movable hydrogen from the steel. The reverse hydrogen brittleness and ageing are often observed, during production of the thermally strengthening rolled products. The variability of the mechanical properties of rebars and coiled bar of 25G2S, С70D and С82D steels with different diameters has been studied. It has been shown that tendency to softening is decreases during increasing of the strength class of the rebars (steel 25G2S) and it is related to deposition of the hydrogen in different quantities. Dynamics of increase of specific elongation for rebars turns out to be maximum in the first 30 days and growing rapidly (till 4,0…4,5 % abs.) over 90...120 days, then stabilizes and practically does not change over time. After use of the accelerated cooling at the final stage of the deformation heat treatment of the coiled bar of С70D high carbon steel the variability of specific elongation and reduction of area are characterized by a significant increase of ductility indexes within 3 days after primary testing. By research of variability of mechanical properties of coiled bar of С82D steel was established that during initial testing of samples (immediately after rolling) were recorded a low values of specific elongation and reduction of area (7,6…8,4 % and 15…24 % respectively) and while the progress of embrittlement have a tends to growth with increasing diameter. After holding of the coiled bar within 48...72 hours the parameters of the ductility for all diameters of rolled products are grow to 30...34% and stabilize over time. It has been shown that variability of the mechanical properties have a direct relations with the parameters of the structure, the initial hydrogen content in the steel and with degree of deformation processing of blank continuous casting.
Research of the effect of the cooling rate during solidification of a continuously cast billet on the features of the dendritic structure of carbon steel
Authors: Babachenko A.I. , Domina K.G. , Kononenko G.A. , Dement`eva Zh.A , Safronova Е.А.
Published: June 2021

The analysis of the formation process of the cast structure of carbon steel grade EA1N (EN 13261: 2009 + A1: 2010 (Е)) after the completion of its crystallization with a change in a wide range of metal cooling rate during solidification of a continuously cast billet (ССB) with a diameter of 470 mm has been carried out. The effect of the cooling rate during the solidification of ССB Ø 470 mm on the parameters of the chemical heterogeneity of the distribution of silicon and manganese in the microstructure of carbon steel has been shown. It has been determined that the effect of the metal cooling rate during the solidification of the investigated CCB on the size of dendritic crystals is described by the inversely proportional relationship: у = 510,85 х-0,156. With a change in the cooling rate of the metal during solidification from 106 до 1 ℃ / min, the size of the dendrites in the direction from the surface to the central layers of the CCB Ø 470 mm increased by ~ 8 times, and the density of the dendritic structure of carbon steel EA1N decreases by 64 times. In this case, the nature of its dependence on the intensity of heat removal is the opposite nature of the change in the size of dendrites. It has been established that by varying the cooling rate in the range 1 – 106 ℃ / min, one can achieve a significant change in the average size and density of dendritic crystals while maintaining the constancy of the volume fraction of segregation areas of silicon and manganese ~ 23% in carbon steel (~ 0.4 % wt. C). The results of X-ray spectral analysis of samples of ССB Ø 470 mm made of carbon steel grade EA1N showed that the maximum content of silicon and manganese is characteristic of the former spaces between the first-order dendritic branches, their minimum content is for the former dendritic branches. At the same time, the amount of these elements in steel microvolumes, which are the former spaces between the second-order dendritic branches, is on average 50 % more than in the former dendritic branches. It has been determined that in the entire investigated range of cooling rates 1 – 106 ℃ / min, the coefficients of dendritic segregation КдI and КдII of silicon and manganese change insignificantly and amount to 1.8-1.9 and 1.5 for КдI and КдII, respectively. In this case, the values of the coefficients КдI and КдII for both elements are practically constant in both pearlite and ferrite. It has been proven that both silicon and manganese have high diffusion mobility only at sufficiently high temperatures, when steel is in a solid-liquid state. Based on the results of X-ray microanalysis, it has been established that the heterogeneity of the distribution of chemical elements, which is formed as a result of dendritic segregation of silicon and manganese, is the primary and constant component of the microstructure of carbon steel.
Development of the model complex of the expert system of control and management of the slag mode in modern mixed blast furnace conditions
Authors: Togobitskaya D.N. , Belkova A.I , Stepanenko D.A. , Tsyupa N.A. , Likhachev Yu.M.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work is to develop physicochemical bases for predicting the technological properties of finite blast furnace slags, algorithmic and software for the subsystem for diagnosing the slag regime of blast furnace smelting. Based on experimental data on the properties of natural finite blast furnace slags, predictive models for calculating the viscosity of the final slag at a temperature of 1400-1550 °C were improved by including in the model structure an integrated slag melt index of the parameter Δe, which reflects the individual effect. Using the integral parameters of the slag melt characterizing the charge state of the system Δe and the structure of the slag ρ, an equation was developed to determine the viscosity of the slag at any temperature corresponding to the slag temperature at the cast iron outlet. As a result of analytical research, a predictive model for determining the enthalpy of slag depending on the integral parameters Δe and ρ and the temperature of the melt has been developed. It is shown that the viscosity characterizes the fluidity of the slag and provides desulfurizing and drainage properties. The calculation of the viscosity for the specified production of pig iron by the chemical composition of the slag is carried out according to the basic model of slag in a conditionally "homogeneous" state and taking into account its heterogeneity. This takes into account the presence of macroheterogeneous inclusions formed when using coke with low strength characteristics and due to incomplete combustion of pulverized coal fuel in the blast furnace. The improved models for evaluating the viscosity and enthalpy of the final slag are software implemented in the new version of the «Slag» system for operational control of the slag mode of blast furnaces in Ukraine. Rapid assessment of the slag mode using the «Slag» system as part of the DCS allows you to effectively and at a modern level solve the problems of optimizing the slag mode and the quality of pig iron in modern conditions of blast furnace smelting.
Heat power analysis of performance indicators blast furnace No. 3 PJSC «AZOVSTAL IRON & STEEL WORKS» with natural gas and pulverized coal after oven overhaul of blast furnace
Authors: Chaika A.L. , Kornilov B.V. , Moskalina A.A. , Lebed V.V , Dzhigota M.G. , Karikov S.A.
Published: June 2021

In 2019, according to the technological assignment of the Iron and Steel Institute (ISI), the reconstruction of the blast furnace (BF) No. 3 of PJSC «AZOVSTAL IRON & STEEL WORKS» was carried out for the long-term energy-efficient production of pig iron with using pulverized coal (PCI) up to 180 kg/t with a change in the profile according to the technological task of ISI. The design of the BF No. 3 profile corresponds to the best world solutions for furnaces efficiently working with pulverized coal, and the furnace was equipped with five mathematical models of ISI («Horn», «Mine», «Heat losses», «Loading», «Slag»). Specialists of ISI developed recommendations and carried out technological support for the operation of BF No.3, which made it possible to increase the removal of pig iron from the design 2.1 t/m3 to 2.27 t/m3 and achieved the best indicators in the blast furnace workshop in terms of coke and equivalent fuel consumption by increasing the productivity of the burden system, using a rational burden loading matrix, using a rational pressure drop in the furnace, which allows the maximum use of the power of the blower machine, forcing the furnace with technical oxygen and other measures. Using the heat power model of I.D. Semikin was made a comparative analysis of the best for six months indicators of thermal performance and technical and economic indicators of BF №3 of PJSC «AZOVSTAL IRON & STEEL WORKS», with a volume of 1800 m3 before (work with natural gas) and after major repairs (work with pulverized coal and with natural gas). Using the exergy method of analysis based on the results of calculating heat and power balances, a comparative analysis of changes in the energy efficiency and environmental indicators of BF No. 3 before and after its major repairs was carried out. It shown the expediency of integrated mastering of operating modes and modernization of the blast furnace for long-term and energy-efficient operation with pulverized coal. It disclosed the mechanism for improving the technical and economic indicators of work after major repairs by changing the heat and power conditions of the blast furnace. Its shown Improvement of exergy efficiency factor and environmental performance of BF No. 3 after major repairs.
Research of Energy Technological Parameters in the Processes of Heat Pump Utilization of Heat Exhaust Gases of Rotary Kilns
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine, Petrash Vitaly , Baryshev Vitaly ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine, Shevchenko Leonid ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine, Geraskina Elina ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

This work is devoted to the study of energy technological parameters of heat pump utilization of exhaust gases heat from rotary kilns in production of building materials for heat technology and industrial heat supply. This goal is achieved due to the proposed new approach to the crea-tion of energy-saving technology and improvement of the heat supply system based on the in-tegration of contact-recuperative and thermal transformer heat recovery. The most important results are as following: a modified dependence of the conversion coefficient, an effective system for removing the waste gas heat for industrial and urban heat supply, a thorough as-sessment of the energy efficiency of the developed system, the dependence of the actual con-version coefficient on the energy technological parameters, as well as a rational degree of the exhaust gases pre-cooling, depending on their initial temperature and ratio of water consump-tion of the systems for technological and household purposes, and the range of their preferred ratio. The relationship between the consumption of the heating and heated medium in the pro-cess of the contact interaction has been substantiated. The results obtained differ from those existing by the complex accounting of the energy technological parameters in the analytical so-lution of the task. The practical significance of the results of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that they can significantly reduce the consumption of the burned fuel due to a substantial expansion of the energy potential of the recovered heat, reduce heat, dust and gas emissions.
Corrosion Resistance of Steel Pipelines under Various Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russian Federation, Zemlyanko Anatoly , Semenov Vyacheslav ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russian Federation, Zhukov Aleksey ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russian Federation, Shuvalova Elena ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The durability of insulation systems for pipelines is determined by the operational resistance of the pipeline material and the design of the insulation system. The issue of studying the corrosion processes of steel pipelines under various heat-insulating materials is relevant. The aim of the work was to study the process of corrosion of steel pipelines under insulating materials of vari-ous nature and porosity. The object of research is pipeline insulation systems. The subject of research is the corrosion processes in various insulation systems. This goal was achieved by car-rying out a set of experimental studies aimed at studying the rate of the corrosion process of the metal of the pipeline, insulated with various materials, with the subsequent calculation of the remaining service life of the pipeline. The most significant results are: the dependence of the corrosion rate and the area of damage of carbon steel on the structure (porosity) of the heat-insulating material, the residual number of ions of water-soluble chlorides. It was found that the maximum corrosion rate of steel under materials with open porosity is 0.29-0.41 mm/year. The increase in the rate of the corrosion process is directly proportional to the increase in the number of chlorine anions in the structure of the material. The smallest area of corrosion damage to the steel surface is observed under materials with open porosity. The significance of the results ob-tained consists in determining the residual life of the pipeline under a heat-insulating layer of various materials.
Efficient Coding of the Embedded Signal in Steganographic Systems with Multiple Access
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Ukraine, Kobozeva Ala , Sokolov Arteom ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Today, steganographic systems with multiple access are of considerable importance. In such sys-tems, the orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard transform is most often used for multiplexing and divid-ing channels, which leads to the need for efficient coding of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients for the convenience of their subsequent embedding. The purpose of the research is to develop a theoretical basis for efficient coding of the embedded signal in steganographic sys-tems with multiple access with an arbitrary number of users N, based on MC-CDMA technology. This purpose was fulfilled by forming the theoretical basis for constructing effective codes de-signed to encode the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access. The most important results obtained are the proposed and proven relations that determine both the possible values of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients, for a given value of the number of divid-ed channels, and the probability of occurrence of the given values of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients, which allow the construction of effective codes to represent the embed-ded signal. In the case of the number of divided channels N=4, we propose to use a constant amplitude code that provides a smaller value of the average codeword length in comparison with the Huffman code, while the constructed code has correcting capabilities. The significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of using the developed theoretical basis when constructing effective codes for encoding the embedded signal in steganographic systems with multiple access at an arbitrary value of the number of divided channels N.
Development of Resilient Control Systems for Technological Plants
Authors:   National University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, Ukraine, Stopakevych Andrey , Stopakevych Aleksey ,   Odessа Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The aims of the research are increasing resiliency of industrial process control systems, the de-velopment of methods of creating resilient industrial process control systems and creating a resil-ient control system of the distillation column for the production of food alcohol. The set of ob-jectives were achieved without the use of hardware backup, but using the developed algorithms which were based on the use of the model of dynamics of technological plants in the software of the control system and modern theory of multivariable automatic control systems. The opti-mal linear-quadratic controller with disturbances model and a state observer was used as a full controller. The most important result was improvement of the survivability of industrial process control systems using the developed algorithm. Also, the resilient distillation column control sys-tem was developed. For the further researches significant results are formulas which allow de-fining new mode values of controls in a distillation column at failure event of corresponding control output channels and formulas of logic algebra for a choice of optimum configuration of control system of a distillation column of food spirit industry. The basis of the developed tech-nique was reconfiguration of the control system with inclusion, instead of the failed, additional devices, which were not being used in a current configuration, but were carried out the similar function taking into account dynamics coupling of a technological plant. The significance of these results is that they can be applied to the development of cyber-production systems that do not require permanent maintenance by personnel.
Sciatica: Treatment with a Blend of Maitland Mobilization, McKenzie Exercises along with NMES - A Case Study
Authors: Shah Mitisha , Mathew Suraj
Published: June 2021

Sciatica is referred to radiculopathy involving any of the lower extremity, caused by either inflammation or compression of the nerve roots L1-S1. It can be diagnosed majorly through an appropriate history taking and physical examinations to not be misdiagnosed with other chronic low back pain conditions. A conservative management is preferred when in an acute stage of 6-8 weeks after which a surgical approached is advised. Although various studies has shown evidences that a prolonged conservative care is most fitting than a short term surgical approach (discectomy). The prevalence of sciatic symptoms ranging from 1.6% to 43%, maximum noted in the working population, has drawn attention for the need of an effective and early conservative care to downsize the symptoms causing discomfort and pain. Thus, the aim of the case report was to present with an early and effective conservative care with a blend of Maitland Mobilization, McKenzie exercises along with Neuro-Muscular Electrical Stimulation (Interferential Current) to minimize the discomfort thus easing and bolstering the individual in activities of daily living followed by an uncomplicated returning back to recreational activities. The patient was managed with a blend of Maitland Mobilization, McKenzie exercises and Interferential current for 7 days consecutively along with an individually tailored Home exercise program according the patient tolerance. Outcomes measures namely numerical pain rating scale, lower extremity functional scale and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire were evaluated before and after the 7 day intervention period to assess prognosis in pain and pain related disability. Thus the changes in pre and post intervention results stated positive outcomes in reducing pain and improving the functional activity and participation in social and recreational ventures.

Keywords: Sciatica, Maitland Mobilization, Mckenzie exercise, Interferential Therapy, radicular pain.
Optimization and Prediction of Melting Efficiency of Mild Steel Weldment, Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: G Sibete. , T Eyitemi.
Published: June 2021

Melting efficiency which indicates how much of the heat deposited by the welding operation is used to produce melting is one of the most important parameters considered in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding when assessing the performance of welds. In the field of welding, a good melting efficiency results in the development of a dense weld pool. This study is conducted to optimize and predict the melting efficiency of mild steel weldment, using Genetic Algorithm. Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is an optimization method that mimics the evolution process and operates on the basis of the theory of natural selection and evolution was used to analyse the results. The result shows that a combination of current 239.03A, voltage 29.87V, welding speed 56.59mm/s, welding time 79.15 sec, feed rate 130mm/s, will produce optimal melting efficiency of 44.72.

Keywords: Melting Efficiency, Mild Steel Weldment, Genetic Algorithm, Optimization and Prediction.
Influence of Vapor-Gas Cavity on Pressure Field in Closed Discharge Chamber with Rigid Walls
Authors:   Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kosenkov V.
Published: June 2021

The pressure field in discharge chambers of a limited volume with deformable walls very often has a great influence on the efficiency of technological processes of deformation of sheet alloys; therefore, its determination is an urgent task. As a result of an electric discharge in the liquid filling the discharge chamber, in it, a cavity with a higher compressibility is formed than the liquid in the chamber. At the stage of the discharge, this cavity is filled with non-ideal plasma, and after the discharge, with liquid vapor and gases dissolved in it (vapor-gas cavity). Its pulsations form a pressure field in the discharge chamber. The moving boundary of the vapor-gas cavity creates great problems in calculating the pressure field in a liquid, especially after a large number of its pulsations. At present, the role of the vapor-gas cavity in the formation of the pressure field in the discharge chamber with a deformable wall, which is a sheet alloy plate, is insufficiently studied. Its definition is the purpose of this work. The study was carried out on the base of a previously developed mathematical model of an electric discharge in water, which in this work is supplemented with relations that significantly increase the accuracy of calculating the resistance of the discharge channel and the energy released in it. It was determined that the pulsations of the vapor-gas cavity provide pressure fluctuations in it in an antiphase with the average pressure in the liquid. In a discharge chamber with rigid walls, they decay slowly, but the presence of a deformable wall leads to a rapid decay of pressure fluctuations. In the previously developed mathematical model, the change in the optical transparency of the plasma was taken into account, and its significant effect on the pressure in the cavity and the pressure field in the liquid was determined.
Hydrodynamic Aspects of High-Voltage Infiltration Nanogenerator
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Grosu F. , Bologa Mircea ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Kozhevnikov I. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The hydrodynamic aspects of functioning of a high-voltage infiltration nanogenerator employing the potential energy of a liquid entering a glass filter are discussed. This energy transforms into the electric energy due to the formation of a double electric layer owing to the triboeleсtrization effect during infiltration of the dielectric liquid through the porous structure. To solve the emerged problems, in the equations of a hydrodynamic flow along the infiltration path two local effective parameters were introduced: a mechanic density and dynamic viscosity. The working equations for the motion of the liquid were derived; their solutions for the velocity and the flow rate determining the electric characteristics of a nano-generator, the electric charge and potential as well as their physical relationships were obtained.
Asymptotic Analysis of Nonlinear Resonance Interaction of Capillary Waves of Arbitrary Symmetry on Moving Charged Jet at Multimode Initial Deformation
Authors:   Yaroslavl State University. P. G. Demidova, Russian Federation, Shiryaeva S.
Published: June 2021

The problem of research of a nonlinear resonance between capillary waves on a surface of the charged jet at multimode initial deformation moving regarding the material environment is considered. It is shown in analytical asymptotic calculations of the second order on the dimensionless amplitude of oscillations that on a surface of a jet an internal nonlinear resonant interaction of capillary waves of any symmetry, both degenerate and secondary combinational, takes place. Positions of resonances depend on physical parameters of the system: the values of the coefficient of a surface tension and of the radial electric field at a surface of a jet, the velocity of its movement regarding the material environment, the values of the wave and azimuthal numbers of the interacting waves, a range of the waves defining initial deformation.
Whey: State of the Art. Part II. Processes and Treatment Methods
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Paladii I. , Vrabie Е. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Sprincean C. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Bologa Mircea ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The current state of the art on studying of whey is considered. The processes and methods of whey processing (thermal, chemical, physicochemical, biotechnological, and electrophysical) are presented. Thermal and isoelectric precipitation of proteins, using reagents and coagulants, as well as the main membrane processing methods (reverse osmosis, diafiltration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration) are described. Possibi-lities of effective separation of whey proteins by a combination of membrane and other methods are noted. Chromatographic methods for fractionation of whey proteins (chromatography with imitation of a moving bed, high-gradient chromatography with a magnetic trap, selective adsorption, displacement chromatography, membrane adsorption), which provide a high degree of separation, are described. Highly porous chromatographic materials providing a high flow rate, biotechnological processing methods – biosynthesis of lactulose, enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose and whey proteins, aerobic and anaerobic fermentation are considered. Electrophysical methods of processing whey (electrodialysis, electroactivation), which include electrodialysis and electro-activation, as well as electrochemical activation as a phenomenon and technology, as a new promising processing method that allows to create a waste-free cycle for obtaining valuable components and useful derivatives from whey without the use of reagents are analyzed. It is emphasized that, depending on the regimes used, protein-mineral concentrates with a predetermined protein or mineral composition are obtained with the simultaneous isomerization of lactose into lactulose. It is stated that the efficiency of methods for processing whey is ensured by a significant increase in the efficiency of technological processes, a decrease in labor costs, a reduction in the processing time and materials, and an improvement in the quality and functional properties of the final products.
An Existential Anthropological Study of Selfhood, Uncertainty and Resilience Among Youth of Tando Ghulam Ali, Sindh
Authors: Shah Ali Taqui , Channa Abdul Razaque , Shah Syed Faisal Hyder
Published: June 2021

This study combines three orientations, namely existential thought about the meaning of ‘being’ and ‘existence,’ phenomenological insights into ‘lived experience,’ and anthropological endeavor at what it means to be human. It attempts to focus on the human conditions by directly engaging with human beings. Specifically guiding itself with the questions such as how young people engage in the meaning-making of their lived experiences in their life course’s ever-changing process. Taking its theoretical insights and inspiration from existential and phenomenological anthropology, by zooming in on lived experiences, the research was conducted using life story interviews to collect the narratives to gain understandings into the life-worlds as it is lived and made sense of by young people of Tando Ghulam Ali, a rural town of District Badin, Sindh. Based on the ethnographic data and observations, it is argued that the meaning-making of lived experiences was different among research participants with a strong presence of selfhood and self-consciousness temporally and affectively; the difference in orientation towards life is entangled with personal history as well. This research went beyond the horizons of culture and society to put existence, life, and being, which are silhouetted at meta-level, at the heart of anthropological focus. This research is an experimental research project in anthropology, which has attempted to step its foot into the human condition's terra incognita, which calls for anthropologists’ further exploration.
Vulnerability of Women in Disasters: A Case Study of District Badin
Authors: Khaskhelly Nosheen , Mughal Shuhabuddin , Khushnood Erum
Published: June 2021

The climate change is universal phenomenon, its severe impact can be clearly observed in poor countries having mainly dependence on natural resources and having limited coping strategies for extreme climate change. Given the role of women in society, they tend to face more damages in terms of reduction in their income level, saving pattern and the level of education in disaster prone areas. This article examines the impact of disaster on women. The data for study is collected through questionnaire from district Badin of Sindh province. The findings of study revealed that income level of household is affected after disaster, and households who were low at saving pattern are affected more than households with high savings. To combat the impact of disaster on women the government should initiate awareness drive to respond the disaster related vulnerabilities.
Privacy and Data Protection Practices of Digital Lending Apps in Kenya
Authors: (CIPIT) Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Technology
Published: June 2021

The Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Technology Law (CIPIT) has been studying the impact of digital identities on society.  This has included policy research on the legal and technical aspects of the national digital ID system Huduma Namba under which the Government is integrating all its identification documents. This research shows that the national digital identity system also integrates with privately issued digital identities such as mobile phone numbers and social media accounts.   We anticipate that as national digital ID uses increase, so will the linkage with private systems. This is already evident from e-government services, where payments for Government services, such as passport applications, drivers’ licences, national health insurance and hospital bills in public hospitals are made using mobile money platforms. We also appreciate that private digital ID is more developed and has more uses than national digital ID. For example, a 2019 survey, undertaken by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), estimates that access to financial products had risen from 26.7% in 2006 to 89% of the population in 2019. This is attributed partly to the availability of digital products such as “mobile banking, agency banking, digital finance and mobile apps”.  These products make use of personal data, which broadly falls under digital identities. This study seeks to understand the privacy implications of digital ID by looking at digital lending apps.
Fraud against the Commonwealth 2019-20
Authors: Teunissen Coen
Published: June 2021

This Statistical Bulletin presents the results from the AIC’s 2019–20 Fraud Against the Commonwealth census. Compared with the previous year, there were more allegations of internal fraud but fewer allegations of external fraud in 2019–20. The number of internal fraud investigations commenced was similar in 2019–20 to 2018–19, but fewer external fraud investigations commenced. The primary internal fraud target was information and the primary external fraud target was Commonwealth benefits. There were greater overall losses and lower overall recoveries observed in 2019–20 compared to 2018–19.
Effect of Risk Management Committee on Monitoring Mechanisms
Authors: Arowolo Rachael Oluyemisi , Che Ahmad Ayoib , Popoola Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson
Published: June 2021

Corruption has become an identification label for many African countries of which Nigeria is one of the top listed countries. Monitoring mechanisms (MM) is therefore at the forefront of issues being considered by governments, company boards of directors, regulators, and management to ensure transparency, accountability, and protection of the shareholders' interests. Risk management is connected with components of internal control (risks assessment, monitoring, and control activities) which is a vital instrument to mitigate agency problems emanating from corruption and moral hazards in companies. It is, therefore, essential to understand Risk Management Committee (RMC) as one of the organisational attributes that can affect MM. The relationship between RMC and MM has not been empirically tested, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between RMC and monitoring mechanisms. It provides empirical supports that RMC associates with monitoring mechanisms to reduce agency problems, using the data (2010-2012) of Nigerian non-financial listed companies. The board of directors of Nigerian companies is encouraged by this research to explore the usefulness of RMC in monitoring the management and controlling shareholders to lessen agency problems and protect the interests of the minority shareholders.
Examining the Livelihood Assets and Sustainable Livelihoods among the Vulnerability Groups in Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad Zubir , Hassan Kalthum , Kamaruddin Roslina , Anuar Abdul Rahim
Published: June 2021

Until recently, the livelihood vulnerability group such as paddy farmers, coastal fishers and rubber tappers in rural areas are susceptible to economic shock and climate change such as flood and drought. This situation will jeopardise the livelihoods of this group. In response to that, this study aims to investigate the relationship between livelihood assets and sustainable livelihoods. This study adopts quantitative study with stratified sampling method to select a total of 600 respondents from rural areas in Kedah and Kelantan. The findings confirm that physical asset, natural asset and social asset are significantly related to the achievement of sustainable livelihoods. Some recommendations have been highlighted to assist the concerned parties in improving sustainable livelihoods among the vulnerable group in rural areas.
The Impact of Audit Committee, Firm Size, Profitability, and Leverage on Income Smoothing
Authors: Indrawan Veronica , Agoes Sukrisno , Pangaribuan Hisar , Popoola Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the audit committee, firm size, profitability, and leverage on income smoothing in manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia stock exchange for the period of 2013-2015. Regression statistics are employed to analyse the secondary source of data collected from the annual report of the companies. Measurement of income smoothing is proxied by discretionary accruals. The results of the study reveal that the firm size has a direct positive influence on income smoothing in the listed manufacturing companies in Indonesia. In essence, the more significant a firm size, the more actively performed income smoothing practices. In contrast, profitability indicates an adverse effect on income smoothing in the listed manufacturing companies. The adverse effect indicates that the higher the profit generated, the lesser the income smoothing practices performed. Similarly, leverage posits an adverse effect on income smoothing in the manufacturing sector. This indicates the smaller the risk of companies debt, the more exceptional the practice of income smoothing occurs. The audit committee size similarly shows a negative influence on income smoothing in the listed manufacturing companies. This finding indicates the larger audit committee size, the smaller practice of income smoothing. This occurs because the audit committee oversight function on financial reporting is more efficiently performed. The result of this research shows the contribution to theory, practice, and method, especially in developing countries.
The Influence of Technology Readiness on Information Technology Competencies and Civil Conflict Environment
Authors: Alkhaffaf Haetham H. Kasem , Md. Idris Kamil , Abdullah Akilah , Al-Aidaros Al-Hasan
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the employment of information technology (IT) in accounting is vastly exercised and has turned into an everyday routine, in which the accounting and financial operations can no longer be conducted efficiently without the use of IT. Therefore, accountants are increasingly utilising IT in a workplace to provide information to users efficiently. This study confirms prior findings that the Technology Readiness scale can capture the association among technology readiness and technology usage behaviours. This study also expands earlier research by investigating the impact of technology readiness on individual competency among accountants to using IT in a workplace under the intensity of civil conflict in Iraqi environment. The result showed that there is a positive significant relationship between technology readiness and the IT competencies of Iraqi accountants. It implies that the technology readiness regarding willingness, enthusiasm, and motivation of accountants using IT has an impact on their IT competencies. In other words, the higher the readiness of the accountants in making use of technology, the higher their competence in the use of IT. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in terms of theory, method and practice in Iraq especially and developing countries in general.