bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
15.1: Invited Paper: Printed Organic TFT Array and Integrated Circuits
Authors: Tokito Shizuo , Takeda Yasuhiro , Fukuda Kenjiro , Kumaki Daisuke
Published: July 2014

A fully‐printed organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) array (30times30) and integrated circuits including logic and ring oscillator circuits based on pseudo‐CMOS inverter were fabricated on plastic film substrates by using printing methods. The printed OTFT array exhibited excellent, uniform performance with a high mobility of 2 cm2/Vs. The printed flip‐flop circuit operated well with a delay time of 3.5 ms. The printed three‐stage ring oscillator operated at 400 Hz and 40V. These fabrication techniques are applicable to flexible displays, RFID tags and biosensors.
15.2: Method to Measure Optical Performance of Flexible OLED Display
Authors: Chong Jong‐Ho , Suh Hyun‐Ah , Choi Dong‐Wook , Penczek John , Lee Seung‐Bae , Lee Ki‐Yong , Lee Jang‐Doo , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon , Kim Hak‐Sun
Published: July 2014

The tangential plane of a flexible display can change considerably depending on the viewing direction, screen location, and display curvature. Using conventional methods to characterize curved displays can introduce an unwanted mix of viewing angle and screen non‐uniformity contributions. We propose measurement methods that are specific for flexible displays, and investigate the sensitivity of the measurement conditions.
15.3: Development of Side‐Roll and Top‐Roll Panels for an RGBW High‐Resolution Flexible Display Using a White OLED with Microcavity Structure
Authors: Kataish Riho , Sasaki Toshiki , Toyotaka Kouhei , Miyake Hiroyuki , Yanagisawa Yuichi , Ikeda Hisao , Nakashima Harue , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Eguchi Shingo , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Bower Chris , Cotton Darryl , Matthews Andrew , Andrew Piers , Gheorghiu Catalin , Bergquist Johan
Published: July 2014

In this study, white organic EL devices with microcavity structures were developed. A flexible high‐resolution AMOLED display with low power consumption using RGBW sub‐pixels formed by a color filter method was fabricated. In addition, side‐roll and top‐roll panels with bezels that are not viewable from the front were also developed using the flexible AMOLED display.
15.4L: Late‐News Paper: A 7 Inch Full Color Flexible PMOLED Displays on Plastic Substrate
Authors: Su Chih‐Yu , Ko Kai‐Yuan , Liu Ya‐Wei , Li Jin‐Chuan , Wu Chih‐Hao , Liu Sai‐Chang , Tseng Chih‐Yuan , Wang Yi‐Fan , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Chen Li‐Yi
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we report a 7‐inch QVGA flexible PMOLED display. A 100‐um PEN substrates was laminated on glass by roll‐to‐sheet lamination process. Our process reveals no bubble producing after lamination. The array was by sheet‐to‐sheet process at Gen 4.5. The 14 inch quad‐QVGA PMOLED system is also proposed.
17.4: Fluid Simulations and Experiments for Ultra‐Thin Shadow‐Mask PDP
Authors: Yang Lanlan , Tu Yan , Zhang Xiong , Tolner Harm , Wang Baoping
Published: July 2014

An ultra‐thin shadow mask plasma display panel is suitable for double‐sided display and 3D display. A self‐consistent fluid model is used to analyze the discharge characteristics of the ultra‐thin SMPDP cell. The discharge processes of ultra‐thin SMPDP and normal SMPDP are almost same proved by fluid model and ICCD images. Moreover, both the simulation and experimental results indicate that the discharge efficiency can be highly improved by using the ultra‐thin glass as dielectric layer for its 50‐70μm thick and 6.7 dielectric constant in ultra‐thin SMPDP compared to normal SMPDP especially in high Xe ratio.
18.2: Color Filter LCOS with Double Mirror Structure
Authors: Li Yuet‐Wing , Chen Wen‐Hsu , Fan‐Chiang Kuan‐Hsu , Kuo Hung‐Chien , Tsai Hsien‐Chang
Published: July 2014

High PPI color filter LCOS is a challenging research topic. Such kind of device will induce several problems such as Fringing Field Effect, Low reflectance and Low color saturation. In this paper, a so‐called Double Mirror structure is proposed. It is found that all mentioned issues can be handled by such mirror structure. The full pixel size of the color filter LCOS can be shrunk down to 8um from 13.5um.
18.4: Invited Paper: Development of Eyewear Display Systems: A Long Journey
Authors: Spitzer Mark B.
Published: July 2014

This paper reviews the development of technology for eyewear‐based wearable displays, including the microdisplay, viewing optics, electronics and frame systems, that are necessary for the commercialization of consumer products, and ultimately for the complete integration of the system within eyewear. The eyewear display industry has its origins in projects funded by DARPA, starting in 1990. Today, several technologies have proved viable including LCOS, transmissive LCD, and oLED. In addition to the microdisplay itself, the development of viewing optics that can be incorporated in eyewear has been essential, and several teams have developed optics that will be reviewed here. Supporting electronics must also be incorporated in eyewear, and this is made possible today by the high degree of integration in systems on a chip. Today's technologies allow our industry to satisfy a number of “design rules” for eyewear displays that will be discussed. Additionally, wireless connectivity now provides access to almost unlimited information from the cloud. The final step in the commercialization of this technology is the creation of compelling consumer applications, and the companies that provide this final step will lead an expansion of the consumer electronics industry.
19.1: Invited Paper: Illuminating the Value of Larger Color Gamuts for Quantum Dot Displays
Authors: Van Derlofske John F. , Hillis James M. , Lathrop Art , Wheatley John , Thielen James , Benoit Gilles
Published: July 2014

Quantum dot technology offers the promise of efficient and relatively inexpensive liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with large color gamuts (∼115% NTSC u'v'). Now, for the first time, a variety of high color performance devices are on the immediate horizon for applications ranging from 3“ diagonal hand held smart phones to +85” diagonal TVs . While people clearly prefer color displays, the relative value of different color reproduction systems remains an open question. Here we review how quantum dots enable high color performance and some of the advantages of large color gamut displays.
19.2: Invited Paper: Novel Wide‐Color‐Gamut LED Backlight for 4K LCD Embedded with Mixing Cup Structure for Isotropic Light Source
Authors: Ishino Hirohisa , Miike Masami , Nakamura Tomoharu , Okamura Tetsuro , Iwaki Ichiro
Published: July 2014

We have developed wide color gamut LED backlight for large size displays embedded with novel mixing cup structure for efficient light coupling from isotropic light source. When isotropic light source is prepared by photo‐excitation of quantum dots, wide color gamut of 150% area size against sRGB(u'v') and 30nm FWHM of Red spectrum in the 55“ 4K resolution large size display prototype of 450nit brightness are achieved.
19.3: Distinguished Student Paper: Quantum Dots‐enhanced LCD Color and Optical Efficiency
Authors: Luo Zhenyue , Chen Yuan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2014

We optimized the emission spectrum of a quantum dot (QD) backlight and achieved ∼140% color gamut in CIE 1976 color space. The QD‐based LCD not only exhibits a wide color gamut but also improves the optical efficiency. Our systematic photometric analysis provides useful guidelines to further optimize the QD backlight design.
20.1: Flexible AMOLED Display and Gate‐driver with Self‐aligned IGZO TFT on Plastic Foil
Authors: Nag Manoj , Obata Koji , Fukui Yusuke , Myny Kris , Schols Sarah , Vicca Peter , Ke Tung Huei , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Ameys Marc , Bhoolokam Ajay , Muller Robert , Cobb Brian , Kumar Abhishek , van der Steen Jan‐Laurens , Ellis Tim , Gelinck Gerwin , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul , Steudel Soeren
Published: July 2014

We present a QQVGA (160times120 with 3 sub‐pixel) top‐emitting AMOLED display with 85ppi resolution using a self‐aligned (SA) IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide‐foil. The back plane process flow is based on a 5 layer photolithography process. The aperture ratio of the top‐emitting OLEDs is approx. 25%. For operation at 6 V supply voltage (VDD), the brightness of the display exceeds 150cd/m2. On the same substrate a 160 stage gate‐driver was measured at FHD rate.
20.4L: Late‐News Paper: A Flexible AMOLED Display on PEN Substrate Driven by Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Xu Hua , Luo Dongxiang , Xu Miao , Zou Jianhua , Tao Hong , Wang Lei , Peng Junbiao
Published: July 2014

We report a flexible AMOLED display driven by oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate with process temperature below 160 °C. The TFTs exhibit a field‐effect mobility of 12.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing of 0.20 V/decade, and an Ion/Ioff ratio of 109.
22.1: Invited Paper: Challenges and Requirements of Power Saving Techniques on Mobile Platforms
Authors: Kim Taesung , Kwa Seh
Published: July 2014

This paper summarizes power consumption and saving scenarios on mobile platforms, especially associated with refresh rate controls such as PSR and variable frame rate controls, various challenges on video timing synchronizations during PSR exit, and additional requirements to be considered for seamless refresh rate switching and flicker‐free driving at low frame rate. In addition, power reduction mechanism on host side including CPU/GPU will also be discussed.
22.5: 7 inch Digital Micro Shutter Display Driven by IGZO Oxide TFT
Authors: Kubota Akinori , Nakano Taketoshi , Nishiki Hirohiko , Hara Takeshi , Kitakado Hidehito , Yamashita Toshihiro , Ban Atsushi , Imaya Akihiko , Taniguchi Yoji , Tanaka Yoshinori
Published: July 2014

Digital Micro Shutter (DMS) Display based on MEMS design and process technologies provides wide color gamut, wide operating temperature range and low power consumption, compared with LCD and OLED which widely are used at the present time.

Conventionally, DMS display was driven by LTPS TFT because of its high frequency operation.

Oxide TFT as represented by IGZO has higher performance and reliability than a‐Si TFT, as well as better productivity for large display than LTPS TFT. The IGZO oxide TFT can be applied to drive DMS display with good performance. It means that uniquely high performance and large size DMS displays can be produced without significant investment.

In this paper, technologies and performance of 7 inch diagonal DMS display are explored.
23.2: Binocular Holographic Waveguide Visor Display
Authors: Bleha William P. , Lei Lijuan Alice
Published: July 2014

This paper documents the development of a prototype binocular, see‐through, monochrome holographic waveguide helmet mounted display (HWVD). The optical system couples a commercial high resolution 1440 times 1080 pixel (1.5Mpixel) 12mm diagonal LCOS microdisplay with a state of the art holographic waveguide. Utilization of the waveguide gives a wide 40‐degree field of view (FOV), while having a large 30times30 mm eyebox. With the advantages obtained by use of the holographic waveguide and the small LCOS microdisplay, the HWVD system enables significant cost, volume, and weight reductions as compared to existing CRT type designs. The design will also address power and efficiency requirements consistent with a pilot HMD system.
23.3: Binocular and Monocular Augmentations for Different Distances on See‐Through Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Järvenpää Toni , Suhonen Katja , Jumisko‐Pyykkö Satu , Salmimaa Marja
Published: July 2014

Binocular see‐through near‐eye displays can present virtual objects on different convergence distances. We studied how accurately the convergence distance of augmented visual information has to match with the real object distance in order to create an illusion of mixed reality. Also in the same experiment, applicability of monocular augmentation was studied.
24.2: Investigation of Flexoelectric Effect in Vertically‐Aligned In‐Plane‐Switching Mode by Low Frequency Driving
Authors: Lai Cheng‐Wei , Tsao Sau‐Wen , Chen Cho‐Yan , Ting Tien‐Lun , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia
Published: July 2014

Due to the inhomogeneous electric field, liquid crystal molecules reveal splay deformation in vertically‐aligned in‐plane‐switching mode. The flexoelectric effect from the splay is confirmed by fast CCD images. We introduce a model to explain the mechanism of such phenomenon and to determine the sign of flexoelectric coefficient.
26.2: Super Durable Cover Lens Film
Authors: Pokorny Richard , Toy Michelle , Cross Elisa , Solomonson Steven
Published: July 2014

A new, hard coated cover lens film for the display industry is described. Interference fringing is drastically reduced through the use of a novel primer. The mechanism of failure in abrasion and scratch testing is explained along with the implications of this for designing a robust cover lens film.
26.4: Display Color Error in the Medical Digital Image Workflow
Authors: Penczek John , Boynton Paul A.
Published: July 2014

The color error produced by mobile and desktop displays is evaluated and compared relative to other error sources in the medical photography workflow. Several display calibration methods were also investigated for their effectiveness in reducing the initial color errors.
28.2: Genuinely Wearable Display with a Flexible Battery, a Flexible Display Panel, and a Flexible Printed Circuit
Authors: Tajima Ryota , Miwa Takuya , Oguni Teppei , Hitotsuyanagi Aya , Miyake Hiroyuki , Katagiri Haruki , Okano Shinya , Goto Yuugo , Saito Yumiko , Goto Junya , Kaneyasu Makoto , Hiroki Masaaki , Takahashi Minoru
Published: July 2014

To fabricate a genuinely flexible and wearable display with a flexible battery together with a flexible OLED panel and a flexible printed circuit, a flexible lithium ion battery has been developed, and a prototype of a wrist‐wearable display has been fabricated.
28.4: Wearable Display for Dynamic Spatial and Temporal Fashion Trends
Authors: Mphepö Wallen , Gao Jiaqi , Li Miao , Wang Justin , Mengmeng Mega , Dan Tian , Zhao Hanson , Liu YinLei
Published: July 2014

Wearable technology in the form of wearable computing, wearable displays, e.t.c. will need to not only add extra technological value to the user. It will need to strategically or seamlessly blend in to current form factors or augment them in ways that shed unnecessary steps from the procedures of how things are conventionally done while adding extra desirable value proposition and comfort. The herein presented work centers around a wearable display product platform we prototyped to invisibly incorporates technology into a conventional product form factor that leaves it visually indistinguishable from conventional products in its outward appearance, weight, smell, feel and, most importantly for wearable technologies – comfort. The platform prototype showcase is a smartphone app controlled high heel shoe that can match a user's outfit at the click of a button as well as housing some embedded sensors.
29.2: Distinguished Paper: Wide Viewing LCDs using Novel Microstructure Film
Authors: Yamamoto Emi , Yui Hideomi , Katsuta Shohei , Asaoka Yasushi , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Yusuke , Kondo Katsumi
Published: July 2014

A microstructure film has been developed to improve drastically LCD viewing angle characteristics (grayscale inversion, color shift, contrast ratio, etc.). By simply attaching it to the surface of commercially available LCD, the LCD has realized the excellent visibility without the blur of the frontal image and the reduction of the contrast ratio under bright ambient light conditions. This technology can be applied to various LCD modes including TN and MVA modes.
30.3: Invited Paper: AMOLED Manufacturing – Challenges and Solutions from a Material Makers Perspective
Authors: Murano Sven , Gilge Kai , Ammann Martin , Werner Ansgar
Published: July 2014

The paper describes fundamental material properties required for modern day evaporation based AMOLED manufacturing and shows how material manufacturers have to adapt their products developments to those needs.
30.4: Distinguished Student Paper: Development of a Novel Pattern‐Coating Technology ‐“Air‐Bubble Coating”‐for the Manufacture of OLED Devices
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Wen , Pan Po‐Ting , Wang An‐Bang , Tsai Lun , Chen Chih‐Lei , Chen Peng‐Yu , Cheng Wen‐Jie
Published: July 2014

A novel maskless pattern‐coating technology, “Air‐Bubble Coating”, has been developed and tested for its feasibility in the manufacture process of OLED devices for the first time. The results of direct capillary coating and on‐site size control of ***micro‐bubbles and micro‐droplets are successfully demonstrated and show its good potential for use.
31.2: Speckle Contrast Reduction with a Small‐Vibrated Reflective Intermediate Screen for a MEMS Scanning Laser Projector
Authors: Tu Shih‐Yu , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2014

A small‐vibrated reflective intermediate screen was used for speckle suppression. The speckle contrast was efficiently reduced to <5% for a static laser beam and <10% for a MEMS scanning laser image. This technique could be used for the novel wearable, near eye and head up laser displays.
31.3: Classification of Subjective Speckle for Evaluation of Laser Display
Authors: Kurashige Makio , Ishida Kazutoshi , Ohyagi Yasuyuki
Published: July 2014

Speckle in laser display contains several types of interference wavefront which is originated in different generation mechanism. We found out that subjective speckle can be classified into three types; projected speckle, screen speckle and direct speckle. Some experimental results were shown to see how each type of speckle looks like.
32.2: Invited Paper: Integration of Flexible AMOLED Displays Using Oxide Semiconductor TFT Backplanes
Authors: Li Flora , Smits Edsger , van Leuken Linda , Haas de Gerard , Ellis Tim , van der Steen Jan‐Laurens , Tripathi Ashutosh , Myny Kris , Ameys Marc , Schols Sarah , Heremans Paul , Gelinck Gerwin
Published: July 2014

AMOLED displays using oxide TFTs and high‐quality moisture barrier were fabricated on ultrathin, flexible plastic substrates to give maximum mechanical flexibility. Total display thickness is below 150μm, and repeated rollability at 1 cm roll radius has been demonstrated. Electrical/Mechanical characteristics and reliability of the flexible displays will be presented.
33.3: High Mobility and Highly Stable Aluminum‐doped Indium Zinc Tin Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Cho Sung Haeng , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Ryu Min Ki , Eom In Yong , Kim Jong Woo , Yang Jong‐Heon , Kim Hee‐Ok , Kwon O‐Sang , Park Eun‐Suk , Lim Sun Kwon
Published: July 2014

We report highly stable and high mobility aluminum‐doped indium zinc tin oxide (AIZTO) thin‐film transistor with field effect mobility larger than 30 cm2/Vs in the bottom gate, etch‐stopper structure. The electrical instabilities against positive gate bias stress, negative gate bias stress, and negative gate bias under illumination stress are investigated..
33.4: Distinguished Paper: Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors Using Oxygen Barriers and a Wet‐Chemical Back‐Channel Etch Step
Authors: Herrmann Marcus , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: July 2014

We present bottom gate staggered oxide semiconductor TFTs manufactured by using a highly selective wet‐chemical backchannel etch step. To achieve stable contacts and great threshold voltage homogeneity we introduced oxygen barriers to suppress oxygen flow within the device. An AMLCD was realized to show the feasibility for industrial application.
34.2: Invited Paper: Active Plasmonic, Tunable Metamaterials and Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics with Liquid Crystals
Authors: Khoo Iam Choon
Published: July 2014

NLC have been incorporated in a multitude of novel structures such as photonic crystals, waveguides and plasmonic and metamaterials nanostructures to enable dynamical control of light transmission. A critical review of the underlying nonlinear optical responses of nematic as well as Blue‐Phase liquid crystals is presented.
34.3: Invited Paper: On the Correlation between Electron Polarizability of Molecular Core and its Input into Optical Anisotropy
Authors: Harmata P. , Herman J. , Czerwiński M. , Chojnowska O. , Kula P.
Published: July 2014

Highly birefringent liquid crystals have been desired recently by many applications in visible, infrared and recently other spectral regions such as THz and GHz as a active medium for various devices fabrication.

For the broad temperature range of the nematic phase mixture formulation several structurally differentiated classes of nematogenes are necessary. Only structurally diversified compounds enable creation of proper eutectic composition necessary either for stable nematic phase formation as well as for destabilization of solid and smectic phase in some cases.

The molecular design of highly birefringent compounds is usually based on the combination of molecular core design, polar groups and terminal flexible chain selections. The highest influence on the optical anisotropy has the proper selection of rigid core, since its intrinsic electron polarizability and order parameter of LC have direct relation with the birefringence value. Due to high melting points, nonfunctionalized rigid core do not exhibit any mesomorphic properties or for some long cores only monotropic ones.

In this work we synthesized the most common and widely used rigid core systems, mainly tolane and phenylethynyltolane derivatives, and measured temperatures of virtual nematicisotropic transitions. Second part of the work is related to determination of available optical anisotropy for prepared cores, measured and extrapolated from its mixtures with host nematic mixture. The obtained values are compared with electron polarizability anisotropies calculated numerically using state of the art DFT numerical algorithms. The correlation between optical anisotropy of molecular core and anisotropy of electronic polarizability will be deeply analyzed and discussed.
35.2: Invited Paper: Improving Efficiency Without Compromising Lifetime in Blue Fluorescent OLEDs by ETL Design
Authors: Rothe Carsten , Wallikewitz Bodo , Zöllner Mike , Fadhel Omrane , Werner Ansgar
Published: July 2014

Typically, efficiency and lifetime of blue fluorescent OLEDs are intimately linked to each by an inverse trade‐off: long lifetime implies low efficiency and vice versa. Nevertheless, material makers need to work to improve OLED performance continuously. Here we demonstrate blue OLEDs with very long lifetime at still good efficiency, based on new ETL structures.
35.4: Enhancement of Emission Efficiency in White OLED Device by Highly Efficient Narrow Spectrum Red‐Emission Material
Authors: Inoue Hideko , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Seo Satoshi , Seo Hiromi , Suzuki Kunihiko , Kawata Takuya , Ohsawa Nobuharu
Published: July 2014

Newly developed red‐emission material with a narrow spectrum enhanced the current efficiency of a red OLED 1.3 times greater than a conventional material while maintaining chromaticity of red. This material also increased the power efficiency of a white OLED 1.2 times greater than the conventional material without impairing color rendering.
36.1: Wide Field of View Compressive Light Field Display using a Multilayer Architecture and Tracked Viewers
Authors: Maimone Andrew , Chen Renjie , Fuchs Henry , Raskar Ramesh , Wetzstein Gordon
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we discuss a simple extension to existing compressive multilayer light field displays that greatly extends their field of view and depth of field. Rather than optimizing these displays to create a moderately narrow field of view at the center of the display, we constrain optimization to create narrow view cones that are directed to the viewer's eyes, allowing the available display bandwidth to be utilized more efficiently. These narrow view cones follow the viewer, creating a wide apparent field of view. Imagery is also recalculated for the viewer's exact position, creating a greater depth of field. The view cones can be scaled to match the positional error and latency of the tracking system. Using more efficient optimization and commodity tracking hardware and software, we demonstrate a real‐time, glasses‐free 3D display that offers a 110times45 degree field of view.
36.2: Distinguished Paper: Dual‐layer Three‐Dimensional Display with Enhanced Resolution
Authors: Jo Na‐Young , Nam Dongkyung , Lee Seok , Park Juyong , Park Jae‐Hyeung
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose a dual‐layer three‐dimensional display system. The proposed system reconstructs full‐resolution two‐view images using a stack of two panels. The experimental result shows that the two‐view images are generated without resolution loss of conventional autostereoscopic displays. We also found that the lenticular lens between two panels reduces the crosstalk, further enhancing the image quality.
36.3: Surround‐type Light Field Display with Immersive Experience
Authors: Zhong Qing , Chen Beishi , Li Haifeng , Shen Weidong , Liu Xu , Peng Yifan
Published: July 2014

A light field display with a concave screen is proposed. The system sets the viewing area at the center of the system, letting observers enter the center of the system to watching 3D scene surround them. The surrounded 3D scene provides observers a feast of enhanced immersive experience.
38.2: High‐Performance Mutual‐Capacitive Touch Screen using Double‐Layered Metal‐Mesh Electrodes with Separated Floating Electrodes
Authors: Nojiri Isao , Ono Takeshi , Agari Masafumi , Mori Seiichiro , Imamura Takuji , Miyayama Takashi , Nakamura Tatsuya , Nakagawa Naoki
Published: July 2014

We have newly developed the mutual‐capacitive touch screen using double layered metal mesh electrodes with separated floating electrodes in borders between X‐ and Y‐directional electrodes. We have defined the effect of the floating electrode with an electric field simulation and improved the sensitivity and the response time of the touch screen by separating the floating electrode into several small patterns.
38.3: One Glass Solution with a Single Layer of Sensors for Projected‐Capacitive Touch Panels
Authors: Liu Shi‐Yu , Wang Yi‐Jun , Lu Jian‐Gang , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2014

A simple one glass solution with just a single layer of sensors for projected‐capacitive touch panels has been proposed. It can effectively solve the coordinate shifting existing in touch panels with just a single layer of triangular sensors, thus of great potential for large size touch panels.
39.1: Invited Paper: Emerging Areas for Liquid Crystal Technologies Beyond Displays
Authors: Kim Jiyoon , Kim Se‐Um , Yu Eui‐Sang , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: July 2014

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) capable of polymerization open new areas for nano‐ and bio‐applications beyond displays. The intrinsic anisotropies of thermal, optical, and electrical properties of such LCMs allow for a wide range of self‐assembled mesoscopic structures within amorphous matrices or on solid substrates. Based on diverse structures of the LCMs, we demonstrate two representative devices, colloidal microwires and an artificial iris for a human eye.
39.2: Invited Paper: Stimuli‐Responsive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Composites for Optics and Photonics
Authors: White Timothy J. , Lee Kyung Min , McConney Michael E. , Tondiglia Vincent P. , Natarajan Lalgudi V. , Bunning Timothy J.
Published: July 2014

Stimuli‐induced control of the reflection notch of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) is potentially useful in optics, photonics, and displays. This report briefly reviews and describes a series of related results in which we have observed symmetric bandwidth broadening and reflection notch tuning in polymer stabilized CLCs (PSCLCs) upon application of a DC field. The electro‐optic responses are typically observed in the presence of polymer stabilization, in formulations based on negative dielectric liquid crystals hosts, and when subjected to DC field.
39.3: Invited Paper: Advances in Application of Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator (LCOS‐SLM)
Authors: Toyoda Haruyoshi , Inoue Takashi , Mukozaka Naohisa , Hara Tsutomu , Wu Ming H.
Published: July 2014

A high quality and high performance 2D Spatial Light Phase Modulator has been developed for wide range of basic and practical applications. We will discuss how LCOS micro‐display device is developed into LCOS‐SLM for various important non‐display applications ranging from basic and applied researches such as singular optics and fluorescence microscopy to industrial applications in laser processing and machining.
39.4: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystals for Ophthalmic Lenses and Biosensing Applications
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hsin , Chen Hung‐Shan , Chen Ming‐Syuan , Wang Yu‐Jen , Chang Chia‐Ming
Published: July 2014

We introduce two bio‐photonic applications of liquid crystals. One is the ophthalmic lenses with large aperture size. The challenge and the solutions are discussed. The other is the biosensing devices based on a switchable surface of a liquid crystal and polymer composite film, such as a sperm testing devices and high‐density lipoproteins. Liquid crystals indeed have great potentials beyond displays.
40.4: Design Tool for Light Scattering Enhancement in OLEDs
Authors: Altazin Stéphane , Lapagna Kevin , Lanz Thomas , Kirsch Christophe , Knaack Reto , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: July 2014

A multi‐scale optical model for organic light‐emitting devices is presented. This model describes the radiation of oscillating dipoles embedded in real OLED structures including planarization layers, color filters and scattering for enhanced light out‐coupling. We show how the scattering properties impact the overall performances of white OLEDs.
41.1: High Resolution Glassless 3D with Head‐Tracking System
Authors: Koito Takeo , Higashi Amane , Kasai Taiki , Suzuki Daichi , Yang Yingbao , Takizawa Keiji
Published: July 2014

We have developed a new high resolution glasses‐less 3D LCD with head‐tracking technology. The 3D crosstalk has been suppressed to less than 2% at any position of the viewer by applying a fine pitch barrier and proper aperture design to the display.
42.2: Invited Paper: Ambient Light Levels During Television Viewing
Authors: Sills Kyle , Papamichael Konstantinos , Graeber Keith , Ton My , Wold Chris
Published: July 2014

The Energy Star Program Requirements for Televisions Version 5 test procedures for Automatic Brightness Control (ABC) enabled televisions' required power measurements at 0 Lux and 300 Lux of ambient light incident on the television screen.

In 2010 the Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP) funded a study to assess how accurately Energy Star Version 5 quantifies actual residential television energy use. The results of that study indicated that the specified Energy Star illuminance levels for power measurements of televisions with the ABC feature enabled may not accurately represent actual light levels during television viewing.

In 2011 CLASP funded the California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) to measure actual ambient light levels during television viewing in 60 homes over seven days.

The results of the CLTC study show the television light sensor measured illuminance levels from less than 1 lux to more than 300 lux (lx). The vast majority of viewing (79.5%) occurred at illuminance levels below 50 lx, while very little viewing (3.6%) occurred at illuminance levels greater than 300 lx. The results of this study indicate that 0 lx illuminance is unnecessary and that other illuminance levels (10, 50, and 100 lx) should be considered for power measurements, to better reflect actual illuminance levels during TV viewing in residential applications.
42.3: Invited Paper: Progress in the Soft Metrology of Appearance: the Contribution of Digital Image Representations
Authors: Leloup Frédéric B. , Hanselaer Peter
Published: July 2014

Soft metrology has been defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) as the measurement of parameters that, either singly or in combination, correlate with attributes of human response. In this paper it is described how the use of realistic image representations in psychophysical experiments has led to a better understanding of the human perception of appearance attributes, and to a change in the way of thinking about how to characterize them. In particular, advancements in the field of gloss measurement and gloss perception are considered.
43.1: Invited Paper: Touch‐Technology Diversity in Commercial Applications
Authors: Kent Joel
Published: July 2014

Projected capacitive (p‐cap) touch technology now dominates the consumer‐electronics touch market, but many different touch technologies still compete in the commercial touch applications. Why is this so? Will it continue? While p‐cap market share will continue to grow, this objective analysis supports the view that diverse requirements in commercial‐touch applications will maintain touch ‘biodiversity‘.
43.3: Electrostatic Tactile Display Using Beat Phenomenon of Voltage Waveforms
Authors: Haga Hiroshi , Yoshinaga Kazuhide , Yanase Jiro , Sugimoto Daisuke , Takatori Kenichi , Asada Hideki
Published: July 2014

We propose an electrostatic tactile display, which presents regional stimulation. The 240‐Hz electrostatic force is generated by the beat phenomenon in a region where excited X electrodes cross excited Y electrodes, which presents tactile sensation to users. This display can accommodate multi‐touch tactile interaction with visual information.
44.3: 513‐ppi Liquid Crystal Display Using C‐Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor with Narrow Bezel and Aperture Ratio Greater Than 50%
Authors: Toyotaka Kouhei , Miyake Hiroyuki , Kaneyasu Makoto , Yamashita Akio , Jikumaru Mika , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Hayakawa Masahiko , Katayama Masahiro , Kanzaki Yohsuke , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Kaneko Seiji , Ueda Naoki , Mori Shigeyasu , Matsuo Takuya , Oda Akihiro
Published: July 2014

An ultra‐high resolution 513‐ppi liquid crystal display with a narrow 1‐mm bezel and an aperture ratio greater than 50% was fabricated. A highly reliable channel‐etched c‐axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor (CAAC‐OS) was used in a backplane.
45.1: An Improved Method for Lifetime Prediction Based on Decoupling of the Joule Self‐Heating Effect from Coulombic Degradation in Accelerated Aging Tests of OLEDs
Authors: Yoshioka Toshihiro , Sugimoto Kazunori , Katagi Kyoko , Kitago Yoshiyuki , Tajima Masaru , Miyaguchi Satoshi , Tsutsui Tetsuo , Iwasaki Ryota , Furukawa Yukio
Published: July 2014

We successfully improved the prediction accuracy of the driving lifetime in organic light emitting diodes based on numerical fitting of the luminous degradation curves and the decoupling of the self‐heating effect from coulombic effects. Model phosphorescent multilayer OLEDs with CBP:Ir(ppy)3 emission layers are used.
45.2: Extraction Efficiency Enhancement of AMOLED Display with Acceptable Blur by Attaching Trapezoid Array Film
Authors: Lin Bo‐Yen , Tasi Yi‐Chun , Jiang Jeng‐Ren , Lee Chun‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Hung , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Lin Chi‐Feng , Wei Mau‐Kao , Lin Hoang‐Yan , Lee Jiun‐Haw
Published: July 2014

41% luminance enhancement in a 14‐inch qHD bottom‐emission AMOLED panel was achieved by attaching a trapezoid array film (TAF) outside the glass substrate surface with acceptable blur (universal image quality = 91%)..
45.3: Distinguished Student Paper: High Efficiency Tandem Top‐Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Mi Jin , Kim Gyeong Heon , Bae Hyeong Woo , Kong Ji Hoon , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: July 2014

High efficiencies tandem red and green top‐emitting OLEDs with 98.1cd/A and 196.5cd/A at 1000 cd/m2 brightness are presented. Such excellent performances are attributed to our optimum device design with optical simulation of second and third order micro‐cavity resonance conditions.
46.1: Colorful Holographic Display using Variable Spatial Sampling Rate
Authors: Chang Chenliang , Xia Jun , Lei Qing Li and Wei
Published: July 2014

We proposed a new method to project off‐axis color holographic image on the Fourier plane. Three phase‐only holograms of red, green and blue component are calculated based on the shifted and scaled Fourier transform. The spatial samplings rate both in the hologram plane and the image plane are not constrained by the sampling theory, so the problem of chromatic aberration caused by different wavelengths in the reconstruction is solved. A full‐color image is optically reconstructed on the Fourier plane and is off‐axis shifted away from the zero‐order peak.
46.2: Plasmonic Hologram Based on Bilayer Metallic Nanowire Gratings
Authors: Sheng Xin , Cui Jie , Zheng Jun , Ye Zhi‐Cheng , Shieh Han‐ping D.
Published: July 2014

Holographic images were created with high contrast and low noise by the enhancement of surface plasmon waveguiding effect. The holograms are sensitive to polarization for compatibility with further liquid crystal displays and can be reconstructed by white light.
46.3: Improvement of Holographic Video Display using a Super Fast‐refresh Liquid Crystal Film
Authors: Gao Hongyue , Yu Yingjie , Zheng Huadong
Published: July 2014

Based on a super fast‐response liquid crystal film, we have realized real‐time holographic video display. This paper will focus on the improvement of holographic display of this film, and our achievement is useful for its potential applications in a highdefinition, large‐size, and color holographic three‐dimensional display.
47.3: Invited Paper: Performance Improvement of Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs by Designing an Intermolecular and Interlayer Combination
Authors: Hiyama Kunimasa , Ito Hiroto , Okubo Yasushi , Kita Hiroshi
Published: July 2014

We have been developing blue phosphorescent materials with longer lifetime and deeper emission color. Through our development, we found the importance of intermolecular and interlayer combination, as well as individual molecular design. In this paper, we will introduce our analysis and progress of our blue phosphorescent material.
47.4: Distinguished Paper: Realization of Outstandingly High Efficacy White OLED by Controlling Evanescent Mode and Wide Angular Incident Light
Authors: Yamae Kazuyuki , Kittichungchit Varutt , Ide Nobuhiro , Ota Masuyuki , Komoda Takuya
Published: July 2014

Optimization of angular light distribution in organic layer and light extraction structure based on high refractive index substrate were investigated. Due to advanced optical design for decreasing waveguide and evanescent modes, white OLED device with outstandingly high efficacy of 133 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2 was realized.
48.3: Novel Fracture Resistant Glass for Mobile Display Cover
Authors: Akiba Shusaku , Hayashi Kazutaka , Sawamura Shigeki , Sakagami Takahiro , Nakashima Tetsuya , Ohkawa Hiroyuki
Published: July 2014

Novel fracture resistant glass named DragontrailTM X for mobile display cover was developed through fracture analysis of smartphones and tablet PCs. Cover glass design guideline to prevent cover glass fracture, higher compressive stress and lower central tension, was confirmed by extensive impact fracture tests. The glass was designed to achieve high compressive stress over 1000MPa at 30μm in depth of layer. The glass can be manufactured by float mass production process.
49.2: Corbino TFTs for Large‐Area AMOLED Displays
Authors: Mativenga Mallory , Geng Di , Um Jae Kwang , Mruthyunjaya Ravi K. , Heiler Gregory N. , Tredwell Timothy J. , Jang Jin
Published: July 2014

The use of a Corbino thin‐film transistor (TFT) as the driving‐TFT in large‐area active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display pixels is reported. Given the infinite output resistance exhibited by the Corbino TFT beyond pinch‐off, the same drive (diode) currents are maintained, even with voltage (IR) drop‐related variations in the supply voltage (VDD).
49.5L: Late‐News Paper: An Organic TFT Backplane for Foldable Displays Fabricated by Scalable and Low‐Cost Processes
Authors: Katsuhara Mao , Kurihara Ken‐Ichi , Himori Kazuo , Ishii Yui , Kato Yu , Akiyama Ryuto , Ono Hideki , Sekiyama Takako , Wada Masaru , Yagi Iwao , Arai Toshiaki , Nomoto Kazumasa
Published: July 2014

A foldable organic TFT (OTFT) backplane has been successfully developed on a PEN film, using compatible processes with FPD manufacturing. The OTFTs were fabricated on a Gen. 1 substrate with sputtered Al‐based electrodes and solution‐processed organic dielectrics. The typical mobility of the fabricated OTFT is 2.4 cm2/Vs. The fabricated backplane is highly flexible, and the electrical properties of the OTFTs are not changed even after the bending operation with a radius of 2 mm.
50.2: A Real‐time TFT Compensation through Power Line Current Sensing for High‐resolution AMOLED Displays
Authors: Bang Jun‐Suk , Kim Hyun‐Sik , Park Sang‐Hui , Kim Geon‐Hee , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: July 2014

A real‐time compensation method for TFT variation is proposed for AMOLED displays. This method enables a column driver to sense TFT current of each pixel using a power line as a current sensing line while driving a pixel without increasing a scan time. A fast OLED degradation sensing is also possible to compensate the image sticking problem. A target application of the proposed driver is a simultaneous emission full‐HD AMOLED TV, whose scan time is 7.5μs at a scan frequency of 120Hz.
50.3: A Novel Power Saving Technology for OLED TV with External TFT Compensation
Authors: Kim Tae‐Gung , Kim Seung‐Tae , Yu Sang‐Ho , Woo Kyung‐Don , Ha Woo‐Suk , Kim Bum‐Sik , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the latest technology called ‘Adaptive SVDD’ which helps to reduce power consumption and also to increase gray scale for OLED displays. This method is equipped with ‘external compensation technology’ that is suitable for large sized OLED displays in that it substantially reduces the number of TFTs and capacitors. This ‘external compensation technology’ requires arithmetic operation, which needs to be driven externally, of VTH and mobility of TFTs. Since VTH has a tendency to move toward positive direction and to have much wider variation by TFT degradation, input voltage range has to be considered with a marginal VTH which is expected to increase. And this marginal voltage results to increase supplying voltage of a source driver IC and to reduce gray scale.

The presented technology details in overhead optimization corresponded to VTH margin so that the power consumption is reduced and the image quality is increased. This technology was applied to 55inch OLED TV. To make it short, it could decrease 25% of voltage, 30.6% of the power consumption. Furthermore, it could increase gray scale to 25.8%.
50.4: Perception Optimized Signal Scaling for OLED Power Saving
Authors: Dai Min (Maggie) , Lachine Vladimir
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose Perception Optimized Signal Scaling (POSS) method to jointly reduce panel power consumption and keep visual perception of images to be displayed. The method may be used for displays without backlight, for example, OLED panels.
51.1: Real‐Time Holographic Display Using Quantum Dot Doped Liquid Crystal
Authors: Li Xiao , Chen Chao Ping , Li Yan , Hu Wei , Li Hongjing , Jiang Xinhong , Rong Na , Yuan Yachao , Lu Jiangang , Su Yikai
Published: July 2014

A dynamic optical holographic display featuring a quantum‐dot‐doped liquid crystal is presented. Its response time of holographic recording is measured in the order of several to tens of milliseconds, depending on recording beam intensities, applied voltage and grating periods. The transient first‐order diffraction effciency is up to 20%. A reconstructed holographic video at a refresh rate of 25 Hz is demonstrated by the experiments.
51.2: Large Angle Image Steering Using a Liquid Crystal Device
Authors: Cheng Hsien‐Hui , Bhowmik Achintya , Bos Philip J.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we demonstrate a camera combined with a large angle non‐mechanical image steering device based on a Pancharatum phase grating. The image steering device can change the view direction of a camera to ±30° and ±10° and it is made by reactive mesogen polarization gratings (RMPGs) and liquid crystal polarization rotators (LCPRs). The image quality using this device is only slightly degraded at large angles.
51.3: Design for Reducing Autostereoscopic Display Crosstalk using a Liquid Crystal Gradient‐index Lens
Authors: Kasano Masahiro , Ichihashi Kouki , Asai Yosuke , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Mimura Koji
Published: July 2014

A 2D/3D switchable liquid crystal display with low crosstalk of 0.9% is developed using a liquid crystal gradient‐index lens. The low crosstalk is achieved with a design approach using low‐birefringence liquid crystal and chromium electrodes as a light shield.
52.2: Invited Paper: Development and Manufacturing of OLED Lighting Panels for Health Care Application
Authors: Hamer John , Boroson Michael , Kondakova Marina , Spindler Jeffrey , Majka Don
Published: July 2014

OLEDWorks has started production operations for manufacturing OLED lighting panels. Compared to OLED displays, affordability is much more important for market adoption of OLED lighting. To this end, we have developed a unique approach in both product design and manufacturing processes. These elements are embodied in our first product, amber lighting for the health care market.
52.3: Understanding Extrinsic Degradation in Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Yamamoto Hitoshi , Weaver Michael S. , Murata Hideyuki , Adachi Chihaya , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2014

We quantified water as an impurity in OLEDs and investigated how the water level impacts initial lifetime decay. We also demonstrated a two to three fold increase in lifetime for blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs by reducing the amount of water in the devices.
54.2: Reliable and High Performance Transparent Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Chang Ruo‐Lan J. , Liu Po‐Wen , Wu Chia‐Yu , Cheng Pei‐Pei , Chen Jian‐Lung , Chen Kuo‐Ching , Hsieh Wan‐Lin
Published: July 2014

Transparent Electrowetting display (EWD) has been considered as one of the promising technologies for transparent display application. The performance and reliability of transparent EWD were studied and improved in this research. The surface modified of rib structure was implemented to inhibit oil overflow and patternable hydrophobic layer was also developed to deal with oil non‐recovery issue.
55.3: Enhance Users' Air‐Touch Accuracy with 3D Virtual References for User Interface of 3D Display
Authors: Ting Chih‐Hung , Tsai Teng‐Yao , Huang Yi‐Pai
Published: July 2014

The next generation of human‐machine user interface should be 3D display with 3D interaction. However, the blocking phenomenon caused by user's hand decreases the user's judgment on whether the fingertip touches the 3D virtual object. According to experimental results, the system should provide more image information for users by adding 3D virtual references to enhance users' air‐touch accuracy as the 3D virtual object with large disparity.
56.1: Distinguished Paper: A Higher‐Contrast, Ghost‐Ray‐Deflecting, Total‐Internal‐Reflection Light Separator for LED DLP Projectors
Authors: Wang Hsiang‐Hua , Pan Jui‐Wen , Huang Yung‐Chih , Chiang Che‐Wen
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we present a novel light separator with the ability to enhance the contrast ratio and maintain the optical efficiency in a digital light processing (DLP) projection system. The working theorem for the novel light separator is derived as well. In this novel light separator design, the ghost ray is directed away from the projection lens by a total internal reflection surface. Since the ghost ray does not even enter the projection lens, the contrast ratio enhancement is more effective than that achieved by an asymmetrical stop. Compared with the conventional method, the full‐on/full‐off (FO:FO) contrast ratio is increased from 921:1 to 46347:1 and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) contrast ratio is increased from 177:1 to 295:1. The imaging system efficiency can maintain at 79.8% under the contrast ratio enhancement process.