bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Virus Infection on the Endocrine System: A Review Study
Authors: Azarkish Fariba , Halvaei Iman , kazemi Haniyeh , Dehghani Aghdas , kheirandish Masoumeh , Sohrabipour Shahla
Published: November 2022

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly growing, and high mortality rates are reported in this regard. Coronaviruses are known to cause multi-organ system damage. Few data are available on the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on different endocrine glands. As angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor is extensively expressed in the endocrine organs, and thus several important questions have arisen regarding whether the function of the endocrine organ changes in COVID-19 disease and patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection develop endocrine disorders. Databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 1996 to February 15, 2021. New-onset diabetes mellitus has been reported by different studies at rates ranging from 5.8% to 35%. Hypercortisolism in admission time could predict disease severity. Tissues from the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in animals are rich in ACE2, and some endocrinopathy may be secondary. Thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis have also been recognized in the COVID-19 infection. Hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency may be correlated with disproportionate parathormone levels. Patients with decreased serum calcium levels had worse clinical variables and higher incidences of complications such as septic shock. Men are more susceptible to hypogonadism, and differences in the COVID-19 infection and mortality rates between males and females are due to the differential effects of estradiol and testosterone on the immune system. Considering that different glands have the ACE2 receptor, the coronavirus may be able to alter their function. Hence, this review mainly focused on COVID-19-associated endocrinopathy.
The Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Anxiety, Self-esteem, and Social Adjustment of Children With Cancer in Kerman
Authors: Momeni Gazestan Elham , Heidarei Alireza , Makvandi Behnam , Moradimanesh Fardin
Published: November 2022

Background: Cancer is the second largest cause of child mortality after accidents worldwide. Childhood cancers have an average incidence in Iran, with 176 cases in one million people. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of music therapy on anxiety, self-esteem, and social adjustment of children with cancer in Kerman in 2019. Methods: A quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group was used in this study. The statistical population of research included all children with cancer admitted to Afzalipour hospital in Kerman (Iran) in 2019, and thirty children were selected by the convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Data were collected using the children’s Multidimensional Anxiety Scale, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, and California Social Adjustment Scale. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS22 through the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results indicated that music therapy was effective in reducing anxiety (P<0.001, F=179.29) while increasing self-esteem (P=0.001, F=120.60) and social adjustment (P=0.001, F=48.56) in children with cancer. Conclusion: It can be argued that music therapy in children with cancer has been successful for anxiety, self-esteem, and social adjustment and can be applied to alleviate psychological issues in children with cancer
Diagnostic Performance of Forced Expiratory Volume in Six Seconds for the Detection of Obstructive and Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases in a Population of Young Adults in South of Iran
Authors: Dadashi Atabak , Eshaghi Sani Hadi , Abedinzadeh Kobra , Shokraneh Farhad , Amanollahi Alireza , Zoghi Ghazal
Published: November 2022

Background: Forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds (FEV6) is a reliable substitute for forced vital capacity (FVC) to identify pulmonary diseases. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of FEV6 in the detection of obstructive and restrictive spirometric patterns. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, spirometry was performed on patients referred to the occupational medicine clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, 2018. Spirometric parameters, including FEV1, FVC, and FEV6, were recorded for those tests meeting the American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards. Taken as the reference, the FEV1/FVC ratio<70% indicated airway obstruction, and the restrictive pattern was defined as FVC<80%. Results: In general, 1100 spirometries were included after meeting the ATS standards. The optimal cut-off of FEV1/FEV6 for the prediction of airway obstruction was 71.45% with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of 97.22%, 98.22%, 89.17%, 99.57%, and 98.09%, respectively. The best cut-off of FEV6 for the prediction of the restrictive pattern was 79.23% with the corresponding diagnostic indices of 97.29%, 99.05%, 94.11%, 99.57%, and 98.81%, respectively. Based on the FEV1/FEV6 cut-off, the frequency of obstruction was 14.27% (157/1100) compared to 13.09% based on FEV1/FVC. The frequency of restriction was 13.90% (153/1100) according to the FEV6 cut-off compared to 13.45% with respect to FVC. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicated the applicability of FEV1/FEV6 as an accepted surrogate for FEV1/FVC to diagnose airway obstruction, particularly to screen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among high-risk patients. In addition, FEV6 is potentially an appropriate substitute for FVC to detect a restrictive pattern.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention on Healthy Lifestyle and Self-Care Indicators in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shahnavazi Abdolvahed , Sedaghat Mastooreh , Sabet Mehrdad
Published: November 2022

Background: It is necessary to help type 2 diabetic patients solve diabetes problems by identifying factors affecting healthy lifestyle and self-care indicators that can be improved using different psychological approaches. This research aimed at determining the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention on healthy lifestyle and self-care indicators in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes in the age range of 30-60 years at the Diabetes Clinic of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The sample included 40 patients with type 2 diabetes selected by a convenient sampling method and assigned to ACT (n=20) and control (n=20) groups using a simple randomization method. ACT training was performed in 9 sessions for 90 minutes. Data were collected through the lifestyle questionnaire and self-care behavior questionnaire and analyzed by the multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS 22. Results: The findings indicated that ACT was effective in increasing healthy lifestyle (P=0.022) and selfcare indices (P<0.001) in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: Overall, ACT could affect healthy lifestyle and self-care indicators in type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, it can be used for decreasing type 2 diabetic patients’ psychological problems.
The relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of gastric cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fakhri Moloud , Fakheri Hafez , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Ramezanpour Melina , Yousofpour Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Stomach cancer is among five common malignancies whose prevalence and incidence are considerably associated with our dietary regime. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between coffee drinking and the risk of stomach cancer. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the databases, including Barakat Knowledge Network System, Cochrane, IranDoc, Web of Science, PubMed, SID, Magiran, Scopus, and Google Scholar web browser was conducted using standard keywords. Data analysis of this meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software and P<0.05 was considered as a significant level for tests. Results: A total of 24 studies with a sample size of 990605 were reviewed which showed drinking coffee prevents stomach cancer [OR=0.89, (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98]. However, subgroup analysis by gender found no significant statistical relationship between coffee consumption and stomach cancer risk regarding male or female gender. However, the statistically significant relationship between coffee drinking and stomach cancer risk was assessed in several countries, including Korea, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Singapore, with the largest effect being reported in Turkey [OR=0.51 (95% CI: 0.39,0.67]. Conclusion: Coffee consumption prevents and reduces the risk of developing stomach cancer.
The effect of metformin use on gastric cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Abangah Ghobad , Sarokhani Diana , Abdan Zahra , Fakhri Moloud , Nourmohammadi Hassan
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Various studies have so far been conducted to determine the risk of gastric cancer in relation to taking metformin. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the relationship between the administration of metformin in type II diabetes patients and their risk of developing gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: All studies were cohorts. A comprehensive literature searches of the databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar web browser was conducted using standard keywords. Data analysis of this meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software and P<0.05 was considered as a significant level for tests. Results: In a set of 17 cohort studies, including an overall number of 1383404 patients, it was concluded that metformin consumption had reduced the risk of gastric cancer in type II diabetes patients [OR: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.91)]. In these patients, the impact of metformin on overall survival rates was not statistically significant [OR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.42-1.18)]. Data analysis revealed the effects of metformin on the risk of gastric cancer development, which involved a reduction [OR: 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-1.07)] for those who had been taking metformin for less than five years, [OR: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.83-1.30)] for those who had been taking metformin for 5-10 years, and [OR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59-0.84)] for the patients who had a history of taking metformin for over 10 years. Conclusion: Metformin administration in type II diabetes patients resulted in the reduction of the risk of gastric cancer, but did not affect the overall survival rates. Furthermore, it was observed that type II diabetes patients, who had been treated by metformin for more than 10 years, had a 29% lower risk for gastric cancer.
Adhesive capsulitis; evaluation of a recently introduced MRI criterion
Authors: Khoei Samin , Malek Mahrooz , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Bagheri Nima
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis is a common disorder, defined as the painful limitation of glenohumeral range of motion due to capsular hyperplasia and fibrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – as the gold standard of shoulder imaging- plays a critical role in diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis, in the early stages. The anterior predominance of pathologic and arthroscopic abnormalities suggest that the thickness of anterior joint capsule may be a more reliable diagnostic criterion on MRI; however, to our knowledge, only one study has evaluated the significance of this parameter up to now, the results of which, may be subject to substantial bias, due to small sample size. Objectives: To evaluate the anterior capsule of glenohumeral joint, in terms of thickness and signal intensity, and also to conduct a comparison between adhesive capsulitis subjects and control individuals. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study. Cases were all patients with the final diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis, based on history, physical examination and imaging. Controls were all patients who underwent shoulder MRI, because of another reason. Anterior capsular thickness, and other qualitative and quantitative criteria were evaluated on the MRIs, by two musculoskeletal radiologists, with three and 10 years experience respectively. Results: All of the evaluated criteria showed significant difference, between cases and controls. Considering the cut-off point equal to 1.3 mm, "anterior capsular thickness" had 86.7% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 96.3% positive and 87.9% negative predictive values respectively, which posed an acceptable position among MRI criteria of adhesive capsulitis. Of note, was the near perfect inter-observer agreement of this criterion between the two radiologists, implicating its practicality. Conclusion: The anterior capsule signal and thickness are valuable criteria for diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis on MRI. Future studies with large sample volumes, clinical sub-categorization of the patients and multivariate analysis are recommended to more accurately define its role in MRI-based diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis.
Omicron variant of COVID-19: A focused review of biologic, clinical, and epidemiological changes
Authors: Majlesi Hossein , Shahsavan Saba , Farsi Yeganeh , Tamimi Atena , Ilkhani Saba , Tajabadi Zohreh , Naserghandi Alvand , Fakour Niloofar , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Nazemallhoseini-Mojarad Ehsan , Safavi-Naini Seyed Amir Ahmad
Published: November 2022

On 25 November 2021, the world health organization listed Omicron as a newly arisen and the fifth variant of concern (VoC) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The genome sequence of Omicron showed the utmost number of mutations compared to other known VoCs up to now, and it was regarded as the only SARS-CoV-2 variant with changes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). However, the Omicron is still detectable via previous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Clinical presentation of the disease is identical to previous VoCs, however in vitro and in vivo studies revealed a higher transmission rate. The biggest obstacles posed by Omicron are the immune escape and reduction in vaccine effectiveness, as indicated by many simulations and real-world studies. Although the efficacy of the two-dose vaccinations is suboptimal for Omicron, preliminary studies have considered the injection of a booster shot is beneficial and can decrease the risk of severe disease. All these new features of Omicron warranted close investigation of this VoC as a new chapter in the pandemic, especially with emersion of subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. This review presents a conspectus of the current knowledge on the COVID-19 Omicron variant biological, clinical, and epidemiological changes.
Cytological and histological examination of the endometrium based on menstruation age groups
Authors: Allameh Tajossadat , Afshar Moghaddam Noushin , Rakhshan Reza , Heshmati Yalda , Vahid Dastjerdi Amir Reza
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common symptoms of endometrial cancer that necessitates endometrial biopsy. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cytological and histological findings in endometrial specimens among women with AUB in three different menstrual groups (pre-menopause, perimenopause, and post-menopause) and to evaluate the statistical accuracy of cytology compared to histopathology (gold standard). Patients and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 78 women with AUB admitted to the gynecology and obstetrics unit of Shahid Beheshti hospital, Isfahan, Iran from 2018 to 2020. Patients were divided into three groups (pre-menopause, perimenopause, and post-menopause) based on their menstrual condition. Samples were obtained using endometrial curettage and cytobrush and were analyzed by two surgical pathologists. The results were described in four categories: negative, atypical endometrial cells of undetermined significance (AEC-US), atypical endometrial cells encompassing the spectrum of precursors to the malignant endometrial tumor (AEC-PEMT), and positive. Results: Out of 78 samples, 36 (46.2%) were reported negative for epithelial abnormality, 15 (19.2%) were AEC-US, 9 (11.5%) were AEC-PEMT, and 18 (23.1%) were positive for epithelial lesions. There was a significant association between cytological findings and menstrual groups (P = 0.004). Positive results were more frequently reported in the post-menopausal group, whereas negative results were most common in the pre-menopause group. The sensitivity and specificity of cytological evaluation in the pre-menopause, perimenopause and post-menopause groups were 100% and 95% (accuracy: 100%, 95% CI: 0.94-1), 77% and 53%, (accuracy: 62%, 95% CI: 0.40-0.85), and 100% and 34% (accuracy: 41%, 95% CI: 0.20-0.61), respectively. Conclusion: Cytological examination of the endometrium demonstrated high sensitivity in the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with AUB and can therefore be used as an efficient and valuable method of screening for endometrial neoplasia.
Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings and mortality rate of kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19
Authors: Shayanpour Shokouh , Mavalizadeh Maryam Sadat , Sabetnia Leila , Shahbazian Heshmatolah , Ghorbani Ali , Mehraban Zahra
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The emergence of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in late December 2019 and its rapid global spread has led World Health Organization (WHO) to introduce it as a very dangerous pandemic. People with underlying disease and a history of organ transplantation are at higher risk for COVID-19 disease compared with healthy people. Objectives: In the present study, clinical and laboratory manifestations in the patients with COVID-19 with a history of kidney transplantation has been investigated. Patients and Methods: This study conducted on 103 COVID-19-positive kidney transplant patients as a descriptive epidemiological study. Clinical and laboratory symptoms of hospitalized renal transplanted patients have been assessed. Statistical analysis of the collected data conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22). Results: This study consisted of 103 COVID-19 patients with a history of kidney transplant, of which 64 males (62.1%) and 39 females (37.9%) with an average age of 48.5 ± 13.1 years. The most common clinical manifestations were headache (67%) and shortness of breath (66%). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) has been observed in 100%, 98.1% and 93.2% of patients, respectively. In 12.6% and 41.7% of patients, the degree of lung involvement was above 75% and 50%-75%, respectively. Moreover, 79.6% of patients has been discharged after improved, while 20.4% of patients died. Conclusion: We found, kidney transplantation may increase COVID-19-related mortality when compared to COVID-19-related mortality in the general population.
Crescentic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in HIV infection; a mini-review with case study
Authors: Meena Priti , Bhargava Vinant , Rana Devinder Singh , Bhalla Anil Kumar , Gupta Ashwani , Malik Manish , Gupta Pallav
Published: November 2022

HIV-related renal diseases have become more evident and easier to treat due to the prolonged survival of patients with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART). There are multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis of this entity. However, very little has been described regarding secondary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and especially a crescentic disease in these patients. Herein, we describe a patient who was incidentally detected to have HIV infection while evaluating for a rapidly progressive renal failure and was detected to have crescentic glomerulonephritis. We have reviewed the literature pertinent to the case in the present report.
The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates born in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province from 2015 to 2021; A cross-sectional study
Authors: Koohshoori Yasaman , Derakhshan Barjoei Mohammad Moein , Izadi Reyhane , Pourrezaei Samira , Mousavi Masoumeh Sadat
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders and a common preventable cause of mental retardation across the world. This disorder can be prevented if diagnosed and treated before the age of four weeks. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the incidence rate of CH in infants in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Patients and Methods: The data of this study were obtained by the CH screening program from 2015 to 2021 in the health deputy of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Results: A total of 651 patients were diagnosed with CH, which showed an incidence rate of 5.06 per 1000 births (1 per 198 live births) in the province. The highest incidence of the disease was obtained in 2016 and the lowest incidence in 2021. Lordegan city had the highest incidence rate (8.1 per 1000 live births) and Kiar had the lowest one (1.67 per 1000 live births) during the study period. Moreover, the highest and lowest incidence rates in terms of season were observed in winter and summer, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, especially Lordegan, is one of the regions with high prevalence of CH in Iran, therefore the incidence rate is not only higher than the national average but also higher than the global average. Hence, the potential causes of this observation deserve further investigation.
Risk factors for abdominal aortic calcifications in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Errihani Majdouline , Aatif Taoufiq , Sobhi Aya , El Kabbaj Driss
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients; in this field, abdominal aortic calcifications (AAC) which represent a predictor of cardiovascular events are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with AAC. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study including 40 chronic HD patients for more than six months having benefited from screening for AAC by profile abdominal x-ray without preparation. The AAC were evaluated according to the Kauppila score (ScK). Demographic, biological and radiological data were collected and then analyzed to assess the prevalence of AAC. Patients were divided into two groups according to ScK, highly calcified (ScK ≥12) and slightly or moderately calcified (ScK <12), in order to determine the associated factors to severe AAC. Results: The mean age was 58 ± 16 years, 55% were women, and the median of HD duration is 82 months. The prevalence of AAC was 65% and the median score of AAC was four. Patients with highly AAC (ScK ≥12) represented 27.5% of population and slightly or moderately AAC (ScK <12) represented 72.5%. The factors associated with severe AAC retained in the univariate analysis were age (P=0.029), phosphoremia (P=0.027), duration of dialysis (P=0.047) and calcemia (P=0.035). Only duration of dialysis (P=0.042), age (P=0.018) and phosphoremia (P=0.044) remained statistically significant in multivariate. Conclusion: AAC are associated with advanced age, long duration of dialysis, and phosphocalcic balance abnormalities. Profile abdominal x-ray without preparation is currently recommended by the KDIGO (kidney disease improving global outcomes) for early detection and follow-up of vascular calcifications on HD, which should be considered for any patient.
Evaluation of radiation side effects on thyroid function
Authors: Teimouri Kolsoum , Pakravan Samaneh , Rahmatinia Elham , Azadbakht Kamran
Published: November 2022

The thyroid gland is a crucial component of the body’s glandular system and metabolism, which is exposed to unnecessary radiation as an organ at risk in radiation therapy to the head, neck, and chest. Radiation can lead to thyroid dysfunction such as hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer.
Comorbidity of endocrine disorders in children with chronic liver disease visiting Children’s hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Saboktakin Lida
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Many studies over the last two decades have dealt with the comorbidity of chronic liver disease (CLD) and endocrine disorders. Nevertheless, regional differences can affect the prevalence and etiology of diseases and their complications. Objectives: Since no similar study has been conducted in Tabriz (a populous city in Iran), this study aimed to address the comorbidity of hormonal disorders in children with CLD visiting Children’s hospital of Tabriz (a center in northwest Iran). Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on children (2-18 years old) with CLD who visited Children’s hospital of Tabriz in 2019-2020. Of them, 60 children were randomly selected as the sample. First, the status of endocrines was examined, and then its association with CLD was determined. Results: The mean Insulin-like growth factor (IGF 1) of participants in all age groups was lower than the standard range. There was no significant difference between participants with different endocrine disorders in the levels of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, growth hormone, and fasting blood sugar as well as the results of thyroid function tests. However, there was a significant difference between participants with different types of endocrine disorders in terms of IGF 1 (P=0.018). The highest and the lowest mean values of IGF 1 were observed in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (520.59±12.52 ng/dL) and patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (142.95±3.96 ng/dL), respectively. Conclusion: Autoimmune hepatitis was the most common chronic disease among the participants of this study. CLD causes a decrease in IGF1 level and it is responsible for about one-third of all bone fractures; however, overt diabetes and thyroid diseases were not observed in these patients.
Risk factors for post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain after orthopedic lower limb surgery in obese patients in Shohada hospital of Tabriz
Authors: Moradi Amin , Abedini Naghi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The various factors affecting the incidence of post-spinal anesthesia low back pain and headache, such as high body mass index (BMI), the anesthesiologist’s expertise, and spinal needle gauge, make it impossible to adequately plan preventive measures. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain after orthopedic lower limb surgery in obese patients in Shohada hospital of Tabriz, Iran. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on 200 obese candidates for lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia in 2019. An anesthesiologist used a 25-gauge needle to induct spinal anesthesia for evaluating the incidence of post-spinal anesthesia headache, low back pain, and their risk factors. Results: The incidence of post-spinal anesthesia headache in obese participants was 6.5% on the first day, 3.5% in the first week, and 1% in the first month; whereas the incidence of low back pain was 16% on the first day, 9% in the first week, and 3.5% in the first month. Postoperative headache and low back pain exhibited a significant correlation with the history of spinal anesthesia and low back pain; therefore, they were found as the main risk factors for these complications. Conclusion: This study found lower post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain than in previous studies, which decreased further over time. Skilled anesthesiologists are recommended to use a small-gauge needle to induct spinal anesthesia to participants with a history of spinal anesthesia and low back pain.
Assessment the efficacy and safety of denosumab use for treatment of osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Al-Helal Bassam , Abdallah Emad , Asad Reem , Kassab Mohamed , Al Yousef Anas , Nessim George , Radi Ahmed , Mostafa Mohamed , Elsharkawi Yasser , Allam Esam , Elmasry Ahmed , Hemida Mohamed , Abdelgelil Mohamed , Abdelkareem Sahar , Kamal Mohammad , Saad Amr , Al-Bader Shaikha , Tharwat Rania , Shaaban Yasser , Reda Mahmoud , Ahmed Abuhashem , Abdelhaleem Nadeen , Zeid Zeinab
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Osteoporosis is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that could direct to metabolic abnormalities and accelerate bone loss. The administration of bisphosphonates for the management of osteoporosis is contraindicated in cases with severe kidney impairment. Objectives: In the current investigation, we assess the effectiveness and safety of denosumab administration for the therapy of osteoporosis in hemodialysis (HD) individuals. Patients and Methods: Seventy-four HD cases with osteoporosis who were received denosumab were assessed retrospectively. All individuals received supplemental vitamin D. Serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had been measured every three months. Denosumab efficacy was measured by assessing the alterations of bone mineral density (BMD) and plasma ALP. Results: The mean values of T-score of the spine and hips in HD patients after treatment with denosumab when compared with before treatment was not statistically significant (P=0.7019 and P=0.494 respectively). There was a low mean serum ALP in the HD patients after treatment with denosumab when compared with before treatment, but not statistically significant (P=0.0625). Plasma calcium concentration decreased shortly after the injection of denosumab however returned within fourteen days. Supplementary vitamin D (1.0 to 1.5 μg/day) looked to prevent hypocalcemia and support long treatment with denosumab. Conclusion: Our study suggests that denosumab is not associated with increases in the BMD of the spine and hip in patients with CKD on HD and hypocalcemia is a concern complication.
Metformin and kidney; overview on current concepts
Authors: Nasri Hamid
Published: November 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disorder categorized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance of cells. T2DM can cause many micro or macrovascular complications. Metformin, a biguanides derivative, has multiple benefits except anti-hyperglycemia effect, comprising amelioration blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure and depressing vascular complications accompanied with T2DM. It is proposed that metformin act via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -dependent or -independent approaches. The mechanisms by which metformin regulates glycemic level in T2DM are complex. In addition to its peripheral effects on insulin resistance and glycogenesis, metformin has direct beneficial effect on the beta-cell secretion. A large part of the metabolic advantages of metformin can be related to effects on gastrointestinal glucose uptake and the interaction of metformin with numerous new objects for glucose depressing in the gastrointestinal tract, including the incretin receptors, bile salt transporters and the gut microbiota.
State of the gut microbiota in oxalate nephrolithiasis
Authors: Sturov Nikolay V. , Popov Sergey V. , Ivanov Zakhar A. , Rusanova Ekaterina I. , Kobylyanu Georgy N.
Published: November 2022

The gut microbiota (GM) is currently considered as a pathogenic factor in a number of diseases. It is known that some gastrointestinal diseases cause a high risk of developing urolithiasis. The study gives modern data demonstrating the influence of the GM, in particular Oxalobacter formigenes, on the formation of oxalate kidney stones. The relationship between the presence of inflammatory bowel diseases and the use of antimicrobial drugs with oxalate homeostasis was demonstrated, methods for correcting the GM in patients with urolithiasis, including the use of probiotics and diet therapy, were analyzed. The studies presented in the article demonstrate that the correction of the GM can be considered as a therapeutic goal and be an actual component of the complex treatment and metaphylaxis of nephrolithiasis.
The effect of eight-week resistance training and consumption of grape seed nanoparticles on mitochondrial biogenesis of heart tissue in the myocardial infarction model
Authors: Khaki Ebrahim , Jalali Dehkordi Khosro , Taghian Farzaneh , Hoseini Seyed Ali
Published: November 2022

Background and aims: The consumption of grape seed nanoparticles extract can control cardiovascular risk factors. Exercise plays a protective role against cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-week resistance training (RT) and the use of grape seed nanoparticles on mitochondrial biogenesis of heart tissue in myocardial infarction (MI) models. Methods: In this experimental study, 25 rats were randomly divided into five groups including (1) control (C), (2) MI, (3) MI+RT, (4) MI+grape seed, and (5) MI+RT+grape seed. MI was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (85 mg/kg). Grape seed nanoparticles were daily administered at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 8 weeks, and RT was performed 5 days a week. Finally, data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests (P≤0.05). Results: MI models showed decreased expression of PGC-1α, PPARγ, and UCP-1 genes in cardiac tissue (P=0.001). However, RT combined with the use of grape seed nanoparticles had a significant effect on increasing the expression of PGC-1α (P=0.001), PPARγ (P=0.002), and UCP-1 (P=0.003) genes in the heart tissue of MI model mice. Conclusion: The consumption of grape seed nanoparticles along with RT has more effects on improving the expression of PGC-1α, PPARγ, and UCP-1 genes in MI than either alone. Therefore, the use of grape seed nanoparticles together with RT is recommended in case of MI.
Prevalence of Job Stress and Drug Use in Nurses Working in Teaching Hospitals in Bandar Abbas
Authors: Yousefi Pooneh , Hosseini Teshnizi Saeed , Imani Elham , Khademi Zahra , Mahdavifar Masoomeh
Published: November 2022

Background: Stress, as the most common issue in human life, has become one of the characteristics of modern life. Nurses, due to the challenging nature of their profession, are constantly exposed to stress. According to studies, job stress is related to smoking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of drug use and its relationship with job stress in nurses in Bandar Abbas. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population included all nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in 2018 with a sample size of 488 people. Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the active and inactive drug use questionnaire, and the Osipow Job Stress questionnaire. SPSS version 19.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean score of job stress was 179.16±31.55 in men and 177.44±24.39 in women. According to the Mann-Whitney test, there was a significant difference between the levels of tobacco use and levels of marriage in terms of stress scores (P=0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between age and stress (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that nurses, due to their stressful job, can be constantly exposed to high-risk behaviors to address these stresses and conflicts; therefore, policymakers should develop well-written programs to address these pressures.
Demographic Factors Affecting Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking in Hormozgan, Iran
Authors: Ghanbarnejad Amin , Ghaffari Hamidreza , Kazemi Batool , Alinejad Hoda , Poudat Abbas , Turki Habibollah
Published: November 2022

Background: Tobacco consumption is one of the major public health concerns worldwide which can have adverse effects on human health. An awareness of the status of tobacco consumption and identification of its affecting factors constitute the first step in tobacco control programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe consumption among residents in Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan province. Materials and Methods: In general, 853 residents of Bandar Abbas were chosen through the cluster sampling method and by referring to their houses and interviewing them. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test, along with the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results: The prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe consumption in men and women was 14.8% and 0.9%, as well as 5.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Male gender (OR=18.26; 95% CI: 6.58-50.65), marital status of those married once (OR=2.91; 95% CI: 1.24-6.85), academic education (OR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.25-0.93), father’s diploma and above (OR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.15 – 0.83), mother’s diploma and above (OR=0.36; 95% CI: 0.13-0.99) were associated with cigarette smoking. The other related factors were employee (OR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.20-3.30), self-employed (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 1.87- 5.24), and age (OR=12.57; 95% CI: 2.86-55.24 for age ≥ 50 years). No significant relationship was found between demographic factors and tobacco smoking. Conclusion: Cigarette and waterpipe smoking is a multidimensional health problem and has a close relationship with different demographic and social factors. Planning for enhancing health and mitigating the damages resulting from tobacco consumption is essential for promoting healthcare.
Prevalence of Mucosal Lesions in People Consuming Chewable Tobacco in Hormozgan Province, Iran
Authors: Rezvaninejad Raziyehsadat , Rezvaninejad Rayehehossadat , Azdanesh Abdolah , Sheybani-Arani MohammadHosein , Salimi Asl Ali , Vahidipour Mohammad Ali , Moannaei Mahsa
Published: November 2022

Background: Tobacco has a high level of carcinogenic components. The maximum effect of the component is on the oral cavity and the location of tobacco. Quantitative studies were conducted according to the oral effect of tobacco usage by people of the south of Iran, specifically in Hormozgan province. In this experiment, the prevalence of oral lesions was studied in people who use tobacco in Hormozgan province in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 395 patients were examined on oral lesions in Hormozgan province. Data were collected and described by a mean frequency table and then analyzed by an inferential statistical test such as the 2-dimensional chi-square test by SPSS, version 23 (P<0.05). Results: Experiments showed that 75.5% (299 from 395) of patients had mucosal lesions. The most lesions were tobacco pouch, wound, white plaque, and erythematic lesions. In addition, a significant correlation was found among parameters, including all mucosal lesions with time, all mucosal lesions with age (except wound), white plaque and erythematic mucosal lesions with smoking, tobacco pouch, and white plaque with alcohol use. However, no significant correlation was observed between oral mucosal lesions with a history of family oral lesions, tobacco pouch and wound with cigarette usage, and wound and erythematic lesions with alcohol use. Conclusion: Compared with other studies, oral mucosal lesions were highly prevalent in Hormozgan province. The possibility of oral mucosal lesions increases as one gets older; in addition, the duration of tobacco usage is a primary factor for the lesions.
Smoking and Sinonasal Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Askari Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Tobacco smoke includes over 4,000 potentially harmful components. This study aimed to collect relevant content to evaluate the association between smoking and sinonasal diseases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases were searched for related articles from inception until 2021. Of the overall 560 retrieved articles, 67 cases remained for review after the exclusion of duplicates and unrelated papers. Tobacco smoke, whether first- or second-hand, is harmful to the nose and sinuses. Smoking is linked to various sinonasal disorders, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), olfactory impairment, nasal polyps, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and certain cancers. The formation of bacterial biofilms, dysfunctional mucociliary clearance, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and structural changes appear to be some of the potential mechanisms through which tobacco smoke affects the sinuses and the nose. Clinicians should consider the negative consequences of smoking on sinonasal disorders when treating patients with these conditions. Cessation of smoking may benefit these patients’ health.
Green Leadership: Kepribadian Ekstraversi, Kecerdasan Lingkungan dan Perilaku Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Constantinus Constantinus , Brata Dian Wishnu , Ardaniyati Lisa
Published: November 2022

A company needs special attention regarding green leadership. This study aims to produce a green leadership model in profit-oriented companies. The research was conducted using quantitative methods in a Limited Liability Company (Perseroan Terbatas / PT) Rural Bank (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat / BPR) Restu Artha Makmur, headquartered in the city of Semarang. The study was conducted on June 22, 2022 with 107 (one hundred and seven) respondents consisting of staff, supervisors, and managers. Empirical data were analyzed using the AMOS statistical tool, and gave the results in the form of an empirical model of path analysis 1 is GL = 0.585 E + 0.190 KL + 0.390 PRL + e1 (R2 = 0.624), where GL is Green Leadership, E is Extraversion Personality (kepribadian Ekstraversi), KL is Environmental Intelligence (Kecerdasan Lingkungan), and PRL is Pro-Environmental Behavior (Perilaku Ramah Lingkungan) in the context of the company. The empirical model of path 2 analysis is PRL = 0.261 E + 0.529 KL + e (R2 = 0.556). The results showed that Extraversion Personality (E) had a significant positive effect on Pro-Environmental Behavior (PRL), and Environmental Intelligence (KL) had a significant positive effect on Pro-Environmental Behavior (PRL). In addition, the results of the study also show that Extraversion Personality (E) has a significant positive effect on Green Leadership (GL), while Environmental Intelligence (KL) has a positive but not significant effect on Green Leadership (GL), as well as Pro-Environmental behavior (PRL) positive but not significant effect on Green Leadership (GL). Thus, Pro-Environmental Behavior (PRL) does not mediate the effect of Extraversion Personality (E) and Environmental Intelligence (KL) on Green Leadership (GL).
PENGARUH VARIASI CAMSHAFT TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR SPESIFIK DAN EMISI GAS BUANG PADA SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Hidayat Nuzul , Pratama Bagus Budi , Arif Ahmad , Setiawan M Yasep , Masykur Masykur
Published: November 2022

Perkembangan teknologi otomotif merupakan salah satu yang paling pesat di Indonesia. Dari meningkatkan kendaraan dan inovasi terbaru hingga menyempurnakan produk yang sudah ada. Sehingga banyak produk yang membuat kendaraan semakin diminati oleh konsumen. Hal ini dapat memberikan kendaraan terbaik bagi konsumen. Berdasarkan observasi yang telah peneliti lakukan di beberapa bengkel yang ada di kota Padang. Dari pendapat beberapa mekanik bahwa untuk performa mesin yang tinggi, Anda bisa memodifikasi komponen atau mesin tersebut. Masyarakat beranggapan dengan mengganti camshaft dapat meningkatkan torsi dan tenaga, yang kondisi tersebut belum dibuktikan dengan menggunakan alat uji standar. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggantian camshaft untuk perhitungan ekonomi bahan bakar dan emisi rendah. Sehingga dapat digunakan untuk setiap hari. Sehingga peneliti memfokuskan pada penggantian variasi camshaft dengan perubahan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh perubahan camshaft terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik. Didapat hasil bahwa  pada putaran mesin 1750 rpm. Pada putaran mesin 1750 rpm konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik camshaft standard lebih besar yaitu sebesar 0,165 kg/kWh, dibandingkan camshaft racing 0,092 kg/kWh, pada putaran mesin 2500 rpm konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik camshaft standard menurun drastis menjadi 0,062 kg/kWh, dan camshaft racing menjadi 0,070 kg/kWh, pada putaran mesin 4500 rpm terjadi peningkatan pada camshaft racing yaitu sebesar 0,091 kg/kWh, Terakhir pada putaran mesin 6500 rpm camshaft racing memiliki konsumsi bahan bakar  spesifik yang lebih besar 0,186 kg/kWh, dan camshaft standard menjadi 0,135 kg /kWh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada camshaft standard emisi gas buang  CO 0,03% dan HC 27 ppm. Pada camshaft racing emisi gas buang  CO 0,13% dan HC 236 ppm
Analisa Perawatan Mesin Inflassion dengan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance
Authors: Rosihan Rifda Ilahy , Sastra Fikri Adi , Montororing Yuri Delano Regent , Widyantoro Murwan
Published: November 2022

Failure can affected production activities and increase product defects. In addition, damage to the machine can result in high maintenance costs and decreased reliability and availability of the machine. PT. Fujisei Metal Indonesia is a manufacturing company that produces evaporator products. In the process, the inflation machine on the rollbound line is often damaged. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical components of the inflation engine and to reduce maintenance costs on the inflation engine. The method used in this study is the Reliability Centered Maintenance Method so that it can reduce maintenance costs by 26%.
Acercamiento a la escucha comprensiva
Authors: Pérez Fernández Carmen
Published: November 2022

El artículo pretende aportar una visión del complejo hecho de la escucha comprensiva que ayude a diseñar una programación de la escucha para las clases de lenguas. Se describen las estrategias que un oyente eficaz pone en marcha al escuchar y conversar, así como los diversos modos de escucha. También se detallan los obstáculos que pueden entorpecer una buena comprensión. Todo ello con la finalidad de ser tenido en cuenta al diseñar tareas de lengua oral y concretamente, de escucha comprensiva.
Representações e usos da Internet: um estudo de recepção com adolescentes
Authors: Dutra Mello Horácio , Dittrich Wiggers Ingrid
Published: November 2022

O trabalho objetiva analisar representações e usos dos adolescentes perante o computador conectado à Internet, entendendo-os como receptores no contexto da comunicação mediada pelas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (NTICs).  Partindo do princípio de que a Internet constitui uma das possibilidades de consumo dos adolescentes, o trabalho apresenta uma investigação realizada através de questionários em duas escolas da rede pública municipal de Florianópolis (Brasil), uma urbana e outra rural. Considerando a realidade desses sujeitos como eminentemente comunicativa, buscou-se uma aproximação com os referenciais dos “Estudos Latino-Americanos de Recepção”, salientando-os enquanto “Estudos Culturais”. Para realizar a investigação com os adolescentes, utilizou-se um modelo metodológico semelhante ao adotado pelo projeto “Mediappro” da Comunidade Européia, especificamente pelo trabalho intitulado “I Ragazzi del web” do Prof. Dr. Píer Cesare Rivoltella, da Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milão - Itália). Entre os resultados obtidos, ressaltamos o fascínio que a Internet exerce sobre os adolescentes investigados e ainda a facilidade que eles têm para dominarem seus recursos. Observamos que o acesso físico é solitário, mas virtualmente acompanhado. Para os adolescentes, a Internet é essencialmente um meio de comunicação e espaço de lazer, sendo pouco aproveitada para a produção e divulgação de conteúdos de sua comunidade e de sua cultura.