bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Astropecten jarli Madsen, 1950 and implications for A. cingulatus Sladen, 1883 (Paxillosida: Astropectinidae)
Authors: LAWRENCE JOHN M. , COBB JANESSA
Published: May 2017

Astropecten is a major paxillosid genus with a widely occurring presence in tropical and temperate seas. Astropecten jarli from off the west coast of Africa, in the Eastern Atlantic Region, was placed in synonymy with Astropecten cingulatus, a widespread species from the Western Atlantic Region, producing the only amphi-Atlantic Astropecten species. Examination of the holotypes of both species and other specimens of A. cingulatus and A. jarli revealed that A. jarli has a greater major radius:minor radius than A. cingulatus at all sizes, a unique adambulacral spine configuration, and different spination on the inferomarginal plates. ANCOVA indicates A. cingulatus and A. jarli have similar major radius:number of superomarginal plates at small sizes but are distinguishable by the number of superomarginal plates in large individuals. The ratio of the width of the paxillar area:width of the superomarginal plates is greater in A. jarli. Some specimens identified as A. cingulatus from the Eastern Atlantic Region do not fit the description of either A. cingulatus or A. jarli. We conclude that A. jarli is morphologically distinct from A. cingulatus and should be recognized as a valid species. Astropecten cingulatus does not have an amphi-Atlantic distribution and is limited to the Western Atlantic Region.
TV Weathercasters’ Views of Climate Change Appear to Be Rapidly Evolving
Authors: Maibach Edward , Mazzone Raphael , Drost Robert , Myers Teresa , Seitter Keith , Hayhoe Katharine , Ryan Bob , Witte Joe , Gardiner Ned , Hassol Susan , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Placky Bernadette , Sublette Sean , Cullen Heidi
Published: May 2017

Findings from the most recent surveys of TV weathercasters—which are methodologically superior to prior surveys in a number of important ways—suggest that weathercasters’ views of climate change may be rapidly evolving. In contrast to prior surveys, which found many weathercasters who were unconvinced of climate change, newer results show that approximately 80% of weathercasters are convinced of human-caused climate change. A majority of weathercasters now indicate that climate change has altered the weather in their media markets over the past 50 years, and many feel there have also been harmful impacts to water resources, agriculture, transportation resources, and human health. Nearly all weathercasters—89%—believe their viewers are at least slightly interested in learning about local impacts. The majority of weathercasters are interested in reporting on local impacts, including extreme precipitation and flooding, drought and water shortages, extreme heat events, air quality, and harm to local wildlife, crops and livestock, and human health; and nearly half had reported on the local impacts in at least one channel over the past 12 months. Thus, it appears that a strong majority of weathercasters are now convinced that human-caused climate change is happening, many feel they are already witnessing harmful impacts in their communities, and many are beginning to explore ways of educating their viewers about these local impacts of global climate change. We believe that the role of local climate educator will soon become a normative practice for broadcast meteorologists—adding a significant and important new role to their job descriptions.
Seasonal Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Cycle to Climate Variations in CMIP5 Models: Evaluation and Projection
Authors: Liu Yongwen , Piao Shilong , Lian Xu , Ciais Philippe , Smith W. Kolby
Published: May 2017

Seventeen Earth system models (ESMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were evaluated, focusing on the seasonal sensitivities of net biome production (NBP), net primary production (NPP), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) to interannual variations in temperature and precipitation during 1982–2005 and their changes over the twenty-first century. Temperature sensitivity of NPP in ESMs was generally consistent across northern high-latitude biomes but significantly more negative for tropical and subtropical biomes relative to satellite-derived estimates. The temperature sensitivity of NBP in both inversion-based and ESM estimates was generally consistent in March–May (MAM) and September–November (SON) for tropical forests, semiarid ecosystems, and boreal forests. By contrast, for inversion-based NBP estimates, temperature sensitivity of NBP was nonsignificant for June–August (JJA) for all biomes except boreal forest; whereas, for ESM NBP estimates, the temperature sensitivity for JJA was significantly negative for all biomes except shrublands and subarctic ecosystems. Both satellite-derived NPP and inversion-based NBP are often decoupled from precipitation, whereas ESM NPP and NBP estimates are generally positively correlated with precipitation, suggesting that ESMs are oversensitive to precipitation. Over the twenty-first century, changes in temperature sensitivities of NPP, Rh, and NBP are consistent across all RCPs but stronger under more intensive scenarios. The temperature sensitivity of NBP was found to decrease in tropics and subtropics and increase in northern high latitudes in MAM due to an increased temperature sensitivity of NPP. Across all biomes, projected temperature sensitivity of NPP decreased in JJA and SON. Projected precipitation sensitivity of NBP did not change across biomes, except over grasslands in MAM.
Temporal–Spatial Monitoring of an Extreme Precipitation Event: Determining Simultaneously the Time Period It Lasts and the Geographic Region It Affects
Authors: Lu Er , Zhao Wei , Zou Xukai , Ye Dianxiu , Zhao Chunyu , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2017

A method is developed in this study to monitor and detect extreme precipitation events. For a rainfall event to be severe, it should last for a long period and affect a wide region while maintaining a strong intensity. However, if the duration is inappropriately taken as too long and the region is inappropriately taken as too wide, then the averaged intensity might be too weak. There should be a balance among the three quantities. Based upon understanding of the issue, the authors proposed a simple mathematical model, which contains two reasonable constraints. The relation of the “extreme” intensity with both duration and region (EIDR) is derived. With the prescribed baseline extreme intensities, the authors calculate the relative intensities with the data. Through comparison among different time periods and spatial sizes, one can identify the event that is most extreme, with its starting time, duration, and geographic region being determined. Procedures for monitoring the extreme event are provided. As an example, the extreme event contained in the 1991 persistent heavy rainfall over east China is detected.
Focusing on Teacher Learning Opportunities to Identify Potentially Productive Coaching Activities
Authors: Gibbons Lynsey K. , Cobb Paul
Published: May 2017

Instructional improvement initiatives in many districts include instructional coaching as a primary form of job-embedded support for teachers. However, the coaching literature provides little guidance about what activities coaches should engage in with teachers to improve instruction. When researchers do propose activities, they rarely justify why those activities might support teacher learning. Drawing on the preservice and inservice teacher education literatures, we present a conceptual analysis of learning activities that have the potential to support mathematics and science teachers to improve practice. We argue that our analysis can inform research on mathematics and science coaching, coaching policies, and the design of professional learning for coaches.
Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Work-Related Needs Measure
Authors: Gallagher Vickie C. , Maher Liam P. , Gallagher Kevin P. , Valle Matthew
Published: May 2017

In a work context, employees tend to gravitate toward situations that are most conducive to meeting their needs. The purpose of this research is threefold. First, we define and specify the psychological needs under investigation, briefly highlight extant research, and differentiate needs from other individual difference variables. Second, we demonstrate the limitations of one of the most highly cited psychological needs instruments and introduce a new needs model. Third, we develop and evaluate a multi-dimensional needs inventory using a multi-study design. The strengths and limitations of the proposed and tested model are discussed, as are implications for future research.
Movement social learning on Twitter: The case of the People’s Assembly
Authors: Mercea Dan , Yilmaz Kutlu Emre
Published: May 2017

The article examines the UK movement People’s Assembly against Austerity. It probes the extent to which opposition to austerity expressed on Twitter contributes to building bridges among disparate social groups affected by austerity politics and to enabling their joint collective action. The study aims to add to the scholarship on anti-austerity protests since the credit crunch. Numerous of those protests have been accompanied by vibrant activity on social media. Rather than to propose yet another examination of participant mobilisation on social media, the analysis delineates and seeks to evidence a process of social learning among the social media following of a social movement. Relying on a combination of social network, semantic and discourse analysis, the authors discuss movement social learning as a diffusion process transpiring in the communication over an extended period of substantive and organisational issues, strategy and critical reflections that crystallised a cohesive in-group among the participant entities in the People’s Assembly.
Catholic Doctrine on Divorce and Remarriage: A Practical Theological Examination
Authors: Lawler Michael G. , Salzman Todd A.
Published: May 2017

This essay uses practical theology as a method to investigate the disconnect between church teaching on divorce and remarriage without an annulment and the lived experience of the faithful, and argues for a reformulation of the doctrine. First, it presents the interrelationship between sociology and the sensus fidelium as a methodological framework for doing practical theology; second, it explores the sociological data on divorce and remarriage; third, on the basis of historical-theological justification, it argues for the reformulation of church doctrine; finally, it posits that such reformulation is an authentic methodological and normative development of Catholic tradition.
Who Uses a Price Transparency Tool? Implications for Increasing Consumer Engagement
Authors: Gourevitch Rebecca A. , Desai Sunita , Hicks Andrew L. , Hatfield Laura A. , Chernew Michael E. , Mehrotra Ateev
Published: May 2017

Despite the recent proliferation of price transparency tools, consumer use and awareness of these tools is low. Better strategies to increase the use of price transparency tools are needed. To inform such efforts, we studied who is most likely to use a price transparency tool. We conducted a cross-sectional study of use of the Truven Treatment Cost Calculator among employees at 2 large companies for the 12 months following the introduction of the tool in 2011-2012. We examined frequency of sign-ons and used multivariate logistic regression to identify which demographic and health care factors were associated with greater use of the tool. Among the 70 408 families offered the tool, 7885 (11%) used it at least once and 854 (1%) used it at least 3 times in the study period. Greater use of the tool was associated with younger age, living in a higher income community, and having a higher deductible. Families with moderate annual out-of-pocket medical spending ($1000-$2779) were also more likely to use the tool. Consistent with prior work, we find use of this price transparency tool is low and not sustained over time. Employers and payers need to pursue strategies to increase interest in and engagement with health care price information, particularly among consumers with higher medical spending.
Are We Suffering from an Undiagnosed Health Right?
Authors: Ho Christina S.
Published: May 2017

“[T]he assumption that rights are in this sense natural is simply one assumption to be made and examined for its power to unite and explain our political convictions, one basic programmatic decision to submit to this test of coherence and experience.”1
Harsh parenting and adolescent depression: Mediation by negative self-cognition and moderation by peer acceptance
Authors: Tang Ai-Min , Deng Xue-Li , Du Xiu-Xiu , Wang Ming-Zhong
Published: May 2017

Guided by Beck’s cognitive model of depression, this study examined the mediating role of negative self-cognition in the association between harsh parenting and adolescent depression and whether peer acceptance moderated this indirect relationship. Eight hundred and fifty-nine seventh to ninth graders (379 girls and 480 boys, mean age = 13.58 years) completed questionnaires on negative self-cognition and depression. Their parents reported on harsh parenting and their peers assessed peer acceptance for each student. Results indicated that beyond the direct effect of harsh parenting on adolescent depression, harsh parenting was also indirectly and positively associated with adolescent depression via negative self-cognition. Furthermore, peer acceptance could compromise the indirect effect of harsh parenting on adolescent depression through buffering the effect of negative self-cognition on adolescent depression. This study promoted our understanding concerning the potential mechanisms underlying the association between harsh parenting and adolescent depression.
Malnutrition, Critical Illness Survivors, and Postdischarge Outcomes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Mogensen Kris M. , Horkan Clare M. , Purtle Steven W. , Moromizato Takuhiro , Rawn James D. , Robinson Malcolm K. , Christopher Kenneth B.
Published: May 2017

Background: We hypothesized that preexisting malnutrition in patients who survived critical care would be associated with adverse outcomes following hospital discharge. Methods: We performed an observational cohort study in 1 academic medical center in Boston. We studied 23,575 patients, aged ≥18 years, who received critical care between 2004 and 2011 and survived hospitalization. Results: The exposure of interest was malnutrition determined at intensive care unit (ICU) admission by a registered dietitian using clinical judgment and on data related to unintentional weight loss, inadequate nutrient intake, and wasting of muscle mass and/or subcutaneous fat. The primary outcome was 90‐day postdischarge mortality. Secondary outcome was unplanned 30‐day hospital readmission. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated by logistic regression models adjusted for age, race, sex, Deyo‐Charlson Index, surgical ICU, sepsis, and acute organ failure. In the cohort, the absolute risk of 90‐day postdischarge mortality was 5.9%, 11.7%, 15.8%, and 21.9% in patients without malnutrition, those at risk of malnutrition, nonspecific malnutrition, and protein‐energy malnutrition, respectively. The odds of 90‐day postdischarge mortality in patients at risk of malnutrition, nonspecific malnutrition, and protein‐energy malnutrition fully adjusted were 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–2.54), 2.51 (95% CI, 1.36–4.62), and 3.72 (95% CI, 2.16–6.39), respectively, relative to patients without malnutrition. Furthermore, the presence of malnutrition is a significant predictor of the odds of unplanned 30‐day hospital readmission. Conclusions: In patients treated with critical care who survive hospitalization, preexisting malnutrition is a robust predictor of subsequent mortality and unplanned hospital readmission.
Substance Use Behaviors and the Timing of Family Formation During Young Adulthood
Authors: Joy Jang Bohyun , Patrick Megan E. , Schuler Megan S.
Published: May 2017

The impact of substance use on the life course of young adults can be substantial, yet few studies have examined to what extent early adult substance use behaviors are related to the timing of family formation, independent of confounding factors from adolescence. Using panel data from the Monitoring the Future study ( N~20,000), the current study examined the associations between three substance use behaviors (i.e., cigarette use, binge drinking, and marijuana use) and the timing of family formation events in young adulthood. Survival analysis and propensity score weighting addressed preexisting differences between substance users and nonusers in the estimation of the timing of union formation (i.e., marriage, cohabitation) and parenthood. Results for young adult substance users showed general patterns of reduced rates of marriage and parenthood and increased cohabitation during young adulthood. Variations were evident by substance and sex.
Dynamic alterations in cerebral, celiac and renal flows resulting from ascending aorta, subclavian artery and femoral artery cannulations of extracorporeal devices
Authors: Iscan Sahin , Cakir Habib , Eygi Bortecin , Yurekli Ismail , Donmez Koksal , Ayvat Pınar Unde , Pekel Derya Sarıkaya , Kestelli Mert
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships among cardiac output, extracorporeal blood flow, cannulation site, right (RCa) and left carotid (LCa), celiac (Ca) and renal artery (Ra) flows during extracorporeal circulation.

Methods:

A mock circulatory circuit was assembled, based on a compliant anatomical aortic model. The ascending aorta, right subclavian and femoral artery cannulations were created and flow was provided by a centrifugal pump (Cp); cardiac output was provided by a roller pump (Rp). Five volume flow rates were tested. The Rp was set at 4 L/min with no Cp flow (R4-C0) and the basic volume flow rates of the vessels were measured. The flow of the Cp was increased while the Rp flow was decreased for other measurements; R3-C1, R2-C2, R1-C3 and R0-C4. Measurements were repeated for all cannulation sites.

Results:

The RCa flow rate at R4-C0 was higher compared to the R3-C1, R2-C2, R1-C3 and R0-C4 RCa flows with subclavian cannulation. The RCa flow decreased as the Cp flow increased (p<0.05). The RCa flow with ascending aortic and femoral cannulation was higher compared to subclavian cannulation. Higher flows were obtained with subclavian cannulation in the LCa compared to the others (p<0.05). R4-C0 Ca and Ra flows were higher compared to other Ca and Ra flows with femoral cannulation. Ca and Ra flows decreased as Cp flow increased. Flows of the Ca and Ra with ascending and subclavian cannulations were not lower compared to the R4-C0 flow (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

This study shows that prolonged extracorporeal circulation may develop flow decrease and ischemia in cerebral and abdominal organs with both subclavian and femoral cannulations.
Effectiveness of a Decision Aid in Potentially Vulnerable Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the Chest Pain Choice Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: Rising Kristin L. , Hollander Judd E. , Schaffer Jason T. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Torres Carlos A. , Diercks Deborah B. , Jones Russell , Owen Kelly P. , Meisel Zachary F. , Demers Michel , Leblanc Annie , Shah Nilay D. , Inselman Jonathan , Herrin Jeph , Montori Victor M. , Hess Erik P.
Published: May 2017

Background. We test the hypotheses that use of the Chest Pain Choice (CPC) decision aid (DA) would be similarly effective in potentially vulnerable subgroups but increase knowledge more in patients with higher education and trust in physicians more in patients from racial minority groups. Methods. This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial in adults with chest pain potentially due to acute coronary syndrome. The trial compared an intervention group engaged in shared decision making (SDM) using CPC to a control group receiving usual care (UC). We assessed for subgroup effects based on age, sex, race, income, insurance, education, literacy, and numeracy. We dichotomized each characteristic and tested for interactions using regression models with indicators for arm assignment and study site. Results. Of 898 patients (451 DA, 447 UC), over 50% were female, over one-third were black, nearly one-third had a high school education or less, and over 60% had “low” health literacy. The DA did not increase knowledge more in patients with higher education ( P for interaction = 0.06) but did increase knowledge more in the “typical” than in the “low” numeracy subgroup (10.6% v. 4.7%, absolute difference [AD] = 5.9%, P for interaction = 0.025). The DA did not significantly increase patient trust in physicians in racial minorities ( P for interaction = 0.06) but did increase trust more in patients with “low” literacy compared with those with “typical” literacy (3.7% v. –1.4%, AD = 5.1, P for interaction = 0.011). Conclusions. CPC benefited all sociodemographic groups to a similar extent, with greater knowledge transfer in patients with higher numeracy and greater physician trust in patients with “low” health literacy. Tailoring SDM interventions to patient characteristics may be necessary for optimal effectiveness.
Foetal responses to dexmedetomidine in parturients undergoing caesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhou Haibin , Sheng Kaihua , Tian Tian , Wu Anshi
Published: May 2017

Objective

This current meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate effects of dexmedetomidine on neonatal maternal factors.

Methods

The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. The primary outcomes were neonatal parameters, including umbilical blood gases and Apgar scores. The secondary outcomes were maternal parameters.

Results

We identified six randomized controlled trials (RCTs). No differences in neonatal umbilical blood gases, and Apgar scores at 1 min (WMD: −0.09; 95% CI: −0.21 to 0.04; I2 = 0%) and 5 min (weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.03; 95% CI: −0.05 to 0.11; I2 = 37%) were observed with dexmedetomidine. For maternal parameters, characteristics of motor and sensory block and postoperative analgesia (standard mean difference (SMD): 3.99; 95% CI: 2.85 to 5.12; I2 = 78%) were significantly improved after dexmedetomidine treatment. Adverse events, including nausea/vomiting and shivering (risk ratio (RR): 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.60; I2 = 0%), were lower after dexmedetomidine treatment.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis shows that dexmedetomidine is safe for neonates who are delivered by caesarean section. Moreover, dexmedetomidine used in neuraxial anaesthesia can improve the characteristics of motor and sensory block and prolong the maternal pain-free period. Dexmedetomidine can also reduce the maternal incidence of postoperative adverse effects.
The effect of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of Chinese introverts and extraverts
Authors: Kou Siyi , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian
Published: May 2017

Previous research has shown that background auditory distractors (music and sound/noise) have a more severe impact on introverts’ performances on complex cognitive tasks than extraverts (Dobbs, Furnham, & McClelland, 2011). The present study is a partial replication of Dobbs et al., but involving Chinese rather than English participants. Ninety-two Chinese participants (59 female) carried out three cognitive tasks with the presence of Chinese pop songs, background office noise, and silence. The results did not reveal any differences in performance as a function of the distraction condition, nor was there a difference in performance between extraverts and introverts. The failure to replicate is explained in terms of habituation to noisy environments among Chinese participants.
Damage mitigation techniques in wind turbine blades: A review
Authors: Shohag Md Abu S , Hammel Emily C , Olawale David O , Okoli Okenwa I
Published: May 2017

Wind blades are major structural elements of wind turbines, but they are prone to damage like any other composite component. Blade damage can cause sudden structural failure and the associated costs to repair them are high. Therefore, it is important to identify the causation of damage to prevent defects during the manufacturing phase, transportation, and in operation. Generally, damage in wind blades can arise due to manufacturing defects, precipitation and debris, water ingress, variable loading due to wind, operational errors, lightning strikes, and fire. Early detection and mitigation techniques are required to avoid or reduce damage in costly wind turbine blades. This article provides an extensive review of viable solutions and approaches for damage mitigation in wind turbine blades.
Getting Specific About Psychological Inertia
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: May 2017

A three-wave mediational analysis with two parallel mediators was performed on prospective data provided by all 1,354 (1,170 boys, 184 girls) members of the Pathways to Desistance study. In the analysis, baseline variety of offending scores (Wave 0) served as the independent variable, Wave 2 variety offending scores served as the dependent variable, and Wave 1 self-efficacy for conventional behavior and general confidence in avoiding future legal trouble served as mediators. Controlling for age, sex, race, parental socioeconomic status, callous/unemotional traits, and moral disengagement, it was determined that only self-efficacy for a conventional lifestyle successfully mediated the past delinquency–future delinquency relationship. From both a theoretical and practical standpoint, the current results indicate that efficacy expectancies specific to participating in a conventional lifestyle are more important in preventing subsequent delinquency than simple confidence in one’s ability to avoid future legal trouble.
Influence of particle size on the heat release rate and smoke opacity during the burning of dead Cistus leaves and twigs
Authors: Barboni Toussaint , Leonelli Lara , Santoni Paul-Antoine , Tihay-Felicelli Virginie
Published: May 2017

This experimental study is a contribution to the understanding of the phenomena of the wildfire. This work was realized on the dead twigs of Cistus monspeliensis exposed to the heat flux at 50 kW m2 using a cone calorimeter. The experiments were realized on the shrub particles with different thicknesses (range of leaves and twigs: 1–20 mm) in function of the stage of combustion (pre-ignition, flaming, and glowing phases). For this, heat release rate, smoke production rate, smoke extinction area, the aerosol yield ( Ya) via the light extinction measurements, and modified combustion efficiency were measured. The results show that there is a size limit for which the heat release rate had a different combustion behavior. The smoke production rate was also measured, and it showed that smoke was mainly emitted during the pre-heating phase. Aerosol yield ( Ya) was calculated depending on these combustion phases (pre-ignition and flaming stage) and for the range of thickness of the samples.
Use of High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation to Expand Organ Donor Pool
Authors: Benn Francis , Afzal Ashwad , Worku Berhane , Khusid Felix , Fahoum Bashar H. , Gulkarov Iosif
Published: May 2017

A 34-year-old woman was brought in to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. She had signs of traumatic head injury with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3, and her neurological examination was consistent with brain death. She was persistently hypoxic on conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency percussive ventilation was initiated. The patient’s oxygenation improved and was sustained long enough to provide time for organ procurement. This is the first case portraying high-frequency percussive ventilation as a bridge for donors failing on conventional mechanical ventilation.
“Every Time I Try to Get Out, I Get Pushed Back”: The Role of Violent Victimization in Women’s Experience of Multiple Episodes of Homelessness
Authors: Broll Ryan , Huey Laura
Published: May 2017

Research shows that, for most people, homelessness is not a chronic state that one enters and never leaves. Instead, homelessness tends to be dynamic, with individuals cycling in and out of multiple periods of homelessness throughout their lives. Despite this recognition, and a wealth of research on the causes of homelessness, generally, there is a lack of scholarship on the pathways to multiple episodes of homelessness. In particular, the relationship between violent victimization and women’s likelihood of being homeless multiple times is largely unexplored. Drawing on data collected from 269 structured interviews conducted with women using the services of homeless shelters and/or transitional housing in three U.S. and two U.K. cities, we use multivariate logistic regression to assess whether violent victimization increases women’s likelihood of experiencing multiple episodes of homelessness. Our results show that adult victims of stranger-perpetrated physical assault are significantly more likely to be homeless on multiple occasions. In addition, those who experience multiple forms of victimization (e.g., physical and sexual abuse) in childhood, adulthood, and/or across the life course are significantly more likely to experience multiple episodes of homelessness. Given recent efforts to eradicate homelessness, our results suggest specific vulnerable groups that may benefit from targeted social and policy interventions.
Economies of Acquaintances: Social Relations during Shopping at Food Markets and in Consumers’ Food Cooperatives
Authors: Kopczyńska Ewa
Published: May 2017

I researched two forms of shortened food supply chain in Poland from the perspective of social relations. This involves qualitative analysis of interviews with the customers of seven open-air food markets in Małopolska region and the members of one Krakow cooperative. Such markets are traditional forms, continuously and deeply rooted in households’ everyday provision strategies, whereas food cooperatives are typical Alternative Food Networks inspired by Western experiences and have only existed in Poland for a few years. The two forms have distinct similarities, as they refer to directness and locality and are critical of dominant, mass economic institutions. However, the analysis of consumers’ interviews points to clear differences rooted in historical and structural determinants. These differences result in their different dynamic and contrasting roles in the food system and food culture of Poland. Owing to their inclusiveness and comparative popularity, open-air markets in Poland offer a universally accessible source of fresh produce. Furthermore, their strong social embeddedness increases their capacity to adapt to the current economic conditions and clients’ needs. The social-network nature of cooperatives, meanwhile, results in limitations in the scope of their operation, yet at the same time leads to innovative solutions and political narratives that are critical toward the mainstream food system. The criticism of markets, on the other hand, is based on conservative resistance, related to everyday food practices, private experiences, cultural values, and nostalgia.
Lifestyle as Medicine: The Case for a True Health Initiative
Authors: Katz David L. , Frates Elizabeth P. , Bonnet Jonathan P. , Gupta Sanjay K. , Vartiainen Erkki , Carmona Richard H.
Published: May 2017

The power of lifestyle as medicine was perceived thousands of years ago. There is now consistent and compelling science to support the important influence of lifestyle on health. Approximately 80% of chronic disease and premature death could be prevented by not smoking, being physically active, and adhering to a healthful dietary pattern. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, dementia, and cancer are all influenced by lifestyle choices. Despite the ample evidence about what behaviors promote health, confusion still prevails among the general population. This is particularly true with regard to diet. Confusing nutrition messages from scientists, the media, the food industry, and other sources have made it all but impossible for any single authority to convey persuasively the fundamentals of healthful eating. The case is made here that a global coalition of diverse experts has the power to do what no individual can: clarify and popularize an understanding of the fundamentals of a health-promoting, sustainable pattern of diet and lifestyle, and rally the general public to their consistent support.
Filament winding of aramid/PA6 commingled yarns with in situ consolidation
Authors: Wong Joanna CH , Blanco Javier Molina , Ermanni Paolo
Published: May 2017

The in situ consolidation of commingled yarns during filament winding is demonstrated on an aramid fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 material. This article is a systematic experimental investigation of the filament winding processing parameters, namely, the heat gun temperature, line speed, fibre tension, compaction force and preheater temperature. Optimizing the processing parameters in this filament winding process produced a fully consolidated material with a void content of ∼0.25% which is comparable to the material quality achieved by means of compression moulding using the same intermediate materials.
Performance analysis of CyberManufacturing Systems
Authors: Song Zhengyi , Moon Young
Published: May 2017

CyberManufacturing System is an advanced vision for future manufacturing where physical components are fully integrated and seamlessly networked with computational processes, forming an on-demand, intelligent, and communicative manufacturing resource and capability repository with optimal and sustainable manufacturing solutions. The CyberManufacturing System utilizes recent developments in Internet of things, cloud computing, fog computing, service-oriented technologies, among others. Manufacturing resources and capabilities can be encapsulated, registered, and connected to each other directly or through the Internet, thus enabling intelligent behaviors of manufacturing components and systems such as self-awareness, self-prediction, self-optimization, and self-configuration. This research presents an introduction to the CyberManufacturing System, establishing the architecture and functions of the CyberManufacturing System, designing the pivotal control strategy, and investigating the performance analysis of the CyberManufacturing System using modeling and simulation techniques. In total, five component-level examples and one system-level case study have been developed and used for illustration and validation of the CyberManufacturing System operations. The results show that the CyberManufacturing System is superior to other types of manufacturing systems in terms of functionality and cooperative performance.
The influence of the enrichment injection angle on the performance of a pre-chamber spark ignition natural-gas engine
Authors: Feng Liyan , Zhai Jun , Qu Chuang , Li Bo , Tian Jiangping , Chen Lei , Wang Weiyao , Long Wuqiang , Tang Bin
Published: May 2017

Using an enriched pre-chamber is an effective way to extend the lean limit, to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions and to avoid abnormal combustion in spark ignition natural-gas engines. Enrichment injection in the pre-chamber of a spark ignition natural-gas engine determines the flow field and the fuel–air mixture formation quality in the pre-chamber and has a profound influence on the combustion performance of the engine. In order to study the characteristics of enrichment injection in the pre-chamber of a natural-gas engine, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics calculations were carried out. The influence of the enrichment injection angle on the engine performance was investigated with the aid of a computational fluid dynamics simulation tool. The results indicate that a change in the enrichment injection angle directly affects the gas motion, the fuel–air mixture formation, the flame propagation and the formation of nitrogen oxides in the pre-chamber and further influences the penetration of the flame jets, the combustion temperature distribution and the formation of nitrogen oxides in the main chamber. There is an optimal injection angle for this research engine. Of the four injection angles that were investigated, an injection angle of 14° results in the lowest nitrogen oxide emissions.
Effect of carburizing and annealing processes in improving the Ni/WC–Co adhesion strength
Authors: Hassan AW , Noordin MY , Izman S , Denni K
Published: May 2017

Heat treatment processes have a positive impact in improving the adhesion strength of different interlayer/substrate materials. However, information regarding the effect of these processes in enhancing the adhesion strength of an electroplated nickel interlayer on tungsten carbide substrate for diamond deposition is lacking. In this study, the effect of carburizing and annealing process conditions in enhancing the adhesion strength of the electroplated nickel interlayer was investigated. The heat treatment processes were designed and modeled by the design of experiments technique. The heat-treated specimens were characterized by the field-emission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The adhesion of the interlayer before and after the heat treatment was assessed by the scratch test. The results show that the adhesion of the electroplated nickel interlayer was remarkably improved by both processes. The mathematical models for predicting the adhesion strength of the carburized and annealed nickel interlayer within the specified ranges were developed. The maximum adhesion strength of 30 N was obtained from the nickel interlayer annealed at the highest process condition of temperature and time.
Reliability-based robust design optimization using anchored ANOVA expansion and truncated Edgeworth series approximation
Authors: Lu Hao , Zhu Zhencai
Published: May 2017

Based on the basic concept of reliability-based design optimization and robust design optimization, a reliability-based robust design optimization is achieved with the moment method in this work. At the first step, two methods, i.e. the anchored ANOVA expansion and truncated Edgeworth series approximation, are combined to solve the reliability constraints in the optimization procedure. The computational effort of the reliability analysis involved in the reliability-based design optimization is then reduced by the moment method. The reliability-based robust design optimization is then formulated by introducing the reliability sensitivity into the reliability-based design optimization as a sub-objective function, which is derived based on the truncated Edgeworth series expansion. The numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methodology and that the moment-based reliability-based robust design optimization satisfies (1) the reliability target of each constraint and (2) the minimum reliability sensitivity with respect to the mean value of the input random variables. The proposed reliability-based robust design optimization procedure could be applied to the product design under uncertain environment.
Unsteady characteristics analysis of centrifugal pump operation based on motor stator current
Authors: Sun Hui , Yuan Shouqi , Luo Yin , Guo Yihang , Yin Jiangnan
Published: May 2017

Motor current signature analysis technology is a cost-effective, non-intrusive and reliable technique used for monitoring of motor-driven devices. In this method, the motor is regarded as a torque sensor. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experiment were conducted to do research on time–frequency analysis of current signature for unsteady characteristic extraction of pump operation. Results show that most energy of current is concentrated on the first order of Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) component. Torque related oscillation could be reflected by energy amplitude and its variation. The root mean square and kurtosis value of transient energy in Hilbert spectrum could be regarded as the indicators of centrifugal pump operation point detection. Hilbert marginal spectrum could depict the stability of centrifugal pump operation and suggest the proper operation points to ensure high efficiency and reliability.
Institutional resources as a source of trade union power in Southern Europe
Authors: Rigby Mike , García Calavia Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2017

Institutional resources are one of the sources of power available to trade unions, but recent literature has tended to pay less attention to these than to associational and organizational resources. We examine institutional resources in three Southern European countries, Greece, Portugal and Spain, which share many common characteristics. However, the character of institutional resources in Spanish industrial relations is distinctive. We examine the plasticity of industrial relations institutions in Spain in terms of labour market outcomes but argue that institutional security is an essential platform for unions seeking to develop other sources of power.
Gastrointestinal system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Li Z , Xu D , Wang Z , Wang Y , Zhang S , Li M , Zeng X
Published: May 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disorder which can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Although GI symptoms can manifest in 50% of patients with SLE, these have barely been reviewed due to difficulty in identifying different causes. This study aims to clarify clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the four major SLE-related GI system complications: protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO), hepatic involvement and pancreatitis. It is a systematic review using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and the major search terms were SLE, PLE, IPO, hepatitis and pancreatitis. A total of 125 articles were chosen for our study. SLE-related PLE was characterized by edema and hypoalbuminemia, with Technetium 99m labeled human albumin scintigraphy (99mTc HAS) and alpha-1-antitrypsin fecal clearance test commonly used as diagnostic test. The most common site of protein leakage was the small intestine and the least common site was the stomach. More than half of SLE-related IPO patients had ureterohydronephrosis, and sometimes they manifested as interstitial cystitis and hepatobiliary dilatation. Lupus hepatitis and SLE accompanied by autoimmune hepatitis (SLE-AIH overlap) shared similar clinical manifestations but had different autoantibodies and histopathological features, and positive anti-ribosome P antibody highly indicated the diagnosis of lupus hepatitis. Lupus pancreatitis was usually accompanied by high SLE activity with a relatively high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and timely intervention were crucial, and administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants was effective for most of the patients.
Enjoyable queuing and waiting time
Authors: Liang Chih-Chin
Published: May 2017

Time theory studies abstractly argue that, depending on the customer experience, time spent waiting may be positive, negative, or even neutral, and it can affect the perceived passing of time and enjoyment of the overall customer experience. However, a company can manipulate customer perceptions of waiting time. Positive perceptions of waiting time can then be used for marketing purposes. Customer perceptions of waiting time can be reduced by making the queuing process enjoyable, by improving the waiting environment, and by making promotional activities enjoyable. To validate the aforementioned factors and develop the enjoyable queuing model, this study surveyed 1571 customers queuing at service companies in Taiwan, including 409 customers of upscale restaurants, 430 customers of restaurants, 439 customers of food stands, and 293 customers queuing at consumer electronics shops to purchase newly released iPhones. The applicability of the enjoyable queuing model was evaluated by partial least squares structural equation modeling, and group differences were evaluated by partial least squares multi-group analysis. The analytical results for each case and managerial implications are presented.
Proportional hazards under Conway–Maxwell-Poisson cure rate model and associated inference
Authors: Balakrishnan N , Barui S , Milienos FS
Published: May 2017

Cure rate models or long-term survival models play an important role in survival analysis and some other applied fields. In this article, by assuming a Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution under a competing cause scenario, we study a flexible cure rate model in which the lifetimes of non-cured individuals are described by a Cox’s proportional hazard model with a Weibull hazard as the baseline function. Inference is then developed for a right censored data by the maximum likelihood method with the use of expectation-maximization algorithm and a profile likelihood approach for the estimation of the dispersion parameter of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution. An extensive simulation study is performed, under different scenarios including various censoring proportions, sample sizes, and lifetime parameters, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed inferential method. Discrimination among some common cure rate models is then done by using likelihood-based and information-based criteria. Finally, for illustrative purpose, the proposed model and associated inferential procedure are applied to analyze a cutaneous melanoma data.
A Co-Performance of Radical Change: Venus Hottentot, Slut Shaming, and Sexual Violence
Authors: Stephenson Ayshia Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Sara Baartman (“Venus Hottentot”) was a curvaceous South African teenager lured to Europe to perform for audiences in 1810—her genitals and brain posthumously dissected, pickled, and museumized. As researcher and playwright, reflexivity on my power is not enough. I use co-performance as theory and method to unravel my story with Baartman’s to share power and problematize how Western culture shames women for their sexuality. I call upon Anzaldúa and Brody to stand for gender ambiguity and freedom in the world, for binaries of sexual desire are unsustainable and sexual purity impossible because women are sexual beings.
Levocarnitine and vitamin B complex for the treatment of pegaspargase-induced hepatotoxicity: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Blackman Alison , Boutin Alyssa , Shimanovsky Alexei , Baker William J , Forcello Nicholas
Published: May 2017

Asparaginase is a chemotherapeutic agent that is commonly used in combination with other medications for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. An adverse effect of asparaginase includes hepatotoxicity, which can lead to severe liver failure and death. Several reports have documented successful treatment of asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity using levocarnitine (l-carnitine) and vitamin B complex. Herein, we report a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia that experienced acute liver injury following pegaspargase administration. Our patient was successfully treated with l-carnitine and vitamin B complex for 8 days and achieved recovery of hepatic function. Furthermore, we review the current literature and provide a recommendation on a regimen that can be used as an option for the treatment of asparaginase-induced hepatic injury.