bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retenir et reprendre
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph
Published: September 2015

Écrire est l’une des activités les plus ordinaires des savants. Je me propose de considérer le rôle que peuvent jouer les notes dans le processus de recherche en étudiant les travaux du zoologiste autrichien Karl von Frisch (1886-1982), dont la définition de la « danse des abeilles » n’a en rien perdu de son actualité. Ce sont les données obtenues en été 1944 qui ont amené von Frisch à modifier sensiblement sa conception du langage des abeilles. Cette rupture conceptionnelle ne s’est produite, cependant, que dans (et par) la transformation de notes copiées et réécrites à partir de notes prises lors de l’observation des abeilles. Von Frisch semble donc s’être servi de l’écriture pour déterminer après coup la signification concrète demeurée indéterminée dans des notes produites antérieurement. Cet exemple illustre d’une façon plus générale que l’écrit (du relevé d’observations à l’ébauche ultime d’une publication) constitue l’un des instruments associés à la genèse de la connaissance scientifique.
Point de vue : bâtir une histoire animale
Authors: Baratay Eric
Published: September 2015

Il est temps de bâtir une véritable histoire animale, mettant les animaux au centre du propos, évoquant les comportements et les sociabilités, abordant leurs fluctuations dans le temps, expliquant mieux les relations avec les hommes et leurs évolutions, en croisant les approches historiques avec celles de l’écologie et de l’éthologie.
Log-périodicité et recherche scientifique : analyse de deux exemples historiques
Authors: Brissaud Ivan
Published: September 2015

Dans le cadre de la Théorie de la relativité d’échelle (TRE) proposée par L. Nottale, nous avons étudié un certain nombre d’évolutions appartenant à différents domaines de l’activité humaine (musique, art, économie, ski, guerres…). Nous présentons ici deux analyses relevant de l’histoire des sciences. Le but est de vérifier que ces deux travaux sont parfaitement cohérents avec les autres études que nous avons menées et, surtout, avec les résultats de L. Nottale, J. Chaline et P. Grou dans des disciplines fort diverses. En conclusion toutes les évolutions visitées confirment un accord parfait avec un comportement log-périodique.
Commentaire sur l’article d’Ivan Brissaud
Authors: Morange Michel
Published: September 2015

Dans le cadre de la Théorie de la relativité d’échelle (TRE) proposée par L. Nottale, nous avons étudié un certain nombre d’évolutions appartenant à différents domaines de l’activité humaine (musique, art, économie, ski, guerres…). Nous présentons ici deux analyses relevant de l’histoire des sciences. Le but est de vérifier que ces deux travaux sont parfaitement cohérents avec les autres études que nous avons menées et, surtout, avec les résultats de L. Nottale, J. Chaline et P. Grou dans des disciplines fort diverses. En conclusion toutes les évolutions visitées confirment un accord parfait avec un comportement log-périodique.
Réponse au commentaire de Michel Morange sur l’article d’Ivan Brissaud
Authors: Nottale Laurent
Published: September 2015

Dans le cadre de la Théorie de la relativité d’échelle (TRE) proposée par L. Nottale, nous avons étudié un certain nombre d’évolutions appartenant à différents domaines de l’activité humaine (musique, art, économie, ski, guerres…). Nous présentons ici deux analyses relevant de l’histoire des sciences. Le but est de vérifier que ces deux travaux sont parfaitement cohérents avec les autres études que nous avons menées et, surtout, avec les résultats de L. Nottale, J. Chaline et P. Grou dans des disciplines fort diverses. En conclusion toutes les évolutions visitées confirment un accord parfait avec un comportement log-périodique.
Modèles animaux et progrès des connaissances en pharmacologie cérébrale
Authors: Dupont Jean-Claude
Published: September 2015

La pharmacologie expérimentale s’est fondée dans le domaine cérébral sur la sélection progressive de modèles animaux. L’article suit cette évolution depuis les années cinquante jusqu’à l’apparition des animaux transgéniques, s’attachant à quelques exemples issus de la recherche de laboratoire sur les maladies neurologiques et dégénératives et à l’étude des troubles neuropsychiatriques. Quelques difficultés liées à cet emploi de l’animal, notamment celle d’établir des liens avec la clinique humaine, sont abordées.
Les élèves sous l’œil des TICs
Authors: Poulain Claude
Published: September 2015

Alors que les recherches et les applications pédagogiques des TICs se multiplient dans les classes, les salles de TD ou les centres de documentation, on voit moins facilement que les élèves sont aussi les objets d’un grand nombre de traitements informatiques qui gèrent et contrôlent leur scolarité, contribuent de plus en plus à leur orientation, jouent un rôle grandissant dans les évaluations des établissements et des enseignants...
Revealing Passwords
Authors: Zingerle Andreas
Published: September 2015

This chapter addresses three social engineering techniques that digilante online communities of scambaiters use for ‘Inbox diving': an act of gaining access to Internet scammers email accounts. The methods have been gathered by analyzing scambaiting forums and were put on the test in direct email exchange between the author and Internet scammers. By diving into the scammers' inboxes, their working methods can be observed, gang structures investigated and potential victims warned. The author discusses the moral issues an ‘Inbox diver' faces and questions the ethics of scambaiting communities that prefer social engineering techniques rather than hacking email accounts. The research lead into the creation of the artistic installation ‘Password: ******' and the data sculpture ‘Monitoring Harry Brooks' and presents two artistic positions dealing with password security and data visualization.
Reach to Mobile Platforms and Availability
Authors: Buddenberg Rex A
Published: September 2015

This chapter is practical system planning tutorial for internetworks that include radio-WANs. Author is retired USCG officer with both operational and program planning experience. In second career, author taught ‘plowshares into swords internetworking' at the graduate level. The coaching herein reflects operational, planning, and academic experiences. Considering mobile communications requires adjusting some assumptions and working knowledge from a wholly wired internetwork. The advent of radio – the necessary means to mobile – entails changes in topology, capacity and nature of the media (shared). Further, the extension of the internetwork to mobile usually means rather overt embracing of mission critical applications.
Giving Up Smoking Using SMS Messages on your Mobile Phone
Authors: Cacho-Elizondo Silvia , Shahidi Niousha , Tossan Vesselina
Published: September 2015

The current tendency to use cell phones or other mobile devices for healthcare purposes offers a huge opportunity to improve public health worldwide. In that direction, mobile devices make it easier to offer coaching services through text/video messages, to support individuals trying to break addictions such as smoking. Given that use of such services is still low in France and other countries, it is important to have greater understanding of what leads users to adopt them. Therefore, we propose and validate an explanatory model for the intention to adopt a mobile coaching service to help people to stop smoking. This chapter uses the concepts of vicarious innovativeness, social influence, perceived monetary value, perceived enjoyment, and perceived irritation.
Wireless Connected Health
Authors: Brizel Florie
Published: September 2015

Wireless connected health is the most current, inclusive phrase to describe healthcare that incorporates wireless technologies and/or mobile devices. It represents one of the fastest growing sectors in the global mobile and wireless ecosystem, with extraordinary change occurring daily. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of people in greatest medical need live in low- to middle-income countries. Not enough has been written about how they will afford wireless connected health, or how it can bring positive benefits to patients everywhere with non-lethal chronic illnesses. It also remains to be seen whether people outside the healthcare industry, without any special interest in science, technology, medicine, or illness prevention, will adopt new and future behavior-changing connected health technologies. This chapter provides a current overview of the global health crises created by noncommunicable diseases, explains the evolution of the global wireless connected health sector, includes information about BRICS nations, and offers observations, insights, and recommendations from a socio-economic and political standpoint for responsible and effective future industry growth.
Review of the Consumer Perspective Framework for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Tin Eh Eh , Cummings Elizabeth , Borycki Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2015

Cummings, Borycki, and Roehrer (2013) developed a Consumer Perspectives Framework that identified a range of consumer-related issues and concerns that should be considered when downloading and using healthcare applications for mobile phones. The framework identifies data-related issues with mobile applications, such as ownership, location, completeness, corporate use, storage, and privacy. This chapter documents research undertaken in confirming the Consumer Perspectives Framework. Finally, the authors propose a method by which the Consumer Perspectives Framework can be implemented for use by consumers prior to downloading healthcare applications.
Design Principles in Health Information Technology
Authors: Al-Fedaghi Sabah S.
Published: September 2015

Electronic health record (EHR) systems are said to be the cornerstone of a modernized health service. They improve health care, allow for integrated information, and help prevent lost and duplicated records as well as occurrence of administrative errors. Studies have consistently shown, however, that introducing EHR systems is a complex task, with difficulties stemming from technical designs that fit poorly with the details of clinical work practices. Given the evolving role of EHRs and the importance of information design, the need exists for further exploration of EHRs with the purpose of advancing innovations in health IT with the potential for significant positive effects on clinical practice. This paper focuses on a subfield of EHR studies that is working to establish a foundation for applying information design principles to implementation of health information technology in primary care settings. Without loss of generality, the paper examines a specific attempt that includes documenting patterns of clinician information use and developing “use cases” and tools for evaluating EHR implementation. The paper proposes an alternative approach based on a new flow-based specification methodology. It is shown that the method can be applied uniformly at the conceptual requirements level and simultaneously at the user interface level. The new method seems to be a viable technique for expressing situations arising in clinical work practices.
An Android Mobile-Based Environmental Health Information Source for Malaysian Context
Authors: Chung Lau Tiu , Theng Lau Bee , Seldon H. Lee
Published: September 2015

An anticipated research activity in healthcare is the involvement of populations and social media to identify health problems, including environmental ones. In this chapter, the authors propose an Android mobile-based system for collection and targeted distribution of the latest alerts and real-time environmental factors to the Malaysian population. This mobile system is designed to facilitate and encourage research into environmental health quality issues by providing a comprehensive tracking and monitoring tool correlated to social media networks. This system is embedded with Google Maps and Geocoding services to visualize the location and environmental health reports from the aggregated social media news feeds; the output is also shared across the social media networks.
Integrating Social and Health Services in Greece
Authors: Dafoulas George E. , Karaberi Christina N. , Oikonomou Lamprini Ch. , Liatou Kalliopi P.
Published: September 2015

The integration of e-health services in the Greek Healthcare System is expected to be a challenging task. To this end, three EU co-funded projects (ISISEMD, INDEPENDENT, and RENEWING HEALTH) are tested under realistic conditions integrating e-health and e-care services to the existing health services offered to people that suffer from chronic diseases as well as to their formal and informal caregivers. This chapter aims to give an analytic report of those three European programs in terms of service description, implementation, evaluation, and exploitation. The authors introduce the main characteristics of the Greek healthcare system and the risks that it faces in regards to the major reformation and cut offs due to the economic recession. Then they explain how those risks could become opportunities to promote integrated services.
LiveCity
Authors: Metelmann Camilla , Metelmann Bibiana , Wendt Michael , Meissner Konrad , von der Heyden Martin
Published: September 2015

The goal of emergency medicine is to treat time-critical diseases and conditions to reduce morbidity and mortality. The improvement of emergency medicine is an important topic for governments worldwide. A common problem is the inevitable lack of support by emergency doctors, when paramedics need their assistance at the emergency site but are without an emergency doctor. Video-communication in real time from the emergency site to an emergency doctor, offers an opportunity to enhance the quality of emergency medicine. The core piece of this study is a video camera system called “LiveCity camera”, enabling real-time high quality video connection of paramedics and emergency doctors. The impact of video communication on emergency medicine is clearly appreciated among providers, based upon the extent of agreement that has been stated in this study´s questionnaire by doctors and paramedics. This study is part of the FP7-European Union funded research project “LiveCity” (Grant Agreement No. 297291).
An Autonomous Intelligent System for the Private Outdoors Monitoring of People with Mild Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Martínez-Ballesté Antoni , Budesca Frederic Borràs , Solanas Agustí
Published: September 2015

The aim of this chapter is to describe a system for the private outdoor monitoring of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments (MCI) and dementia. The system has been designed for patients suffering from early stages of Alzheimer's disease and people suffering from MCI and dementia. Virtually, the system may be applied to any person capable of living autonomously but might get lost whilst doing his/her everyday activities, due to a decrease in their cognitive function. The system uses off-the-shelf smartphones carried by patients to detect abnormal situations and to raise alarms accordingly. The authors describe the system, detail its features, and discuss its utility and relevance both technically and socially.
Identification of Chronic Wound Status under Tele-Wound Network through Smartphone
Authors: Chakraborty Chinmay , Gupta Bharat , Ghosh Soumya K.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a tele-wound framework for monitoring chronic wound status based on color variation over a period of time. This will facilitate patients at remote locations to connect to medical experts through mobile devices. Further this will help medical professionals to monitor and manage the wounds in more timely, accurate and precise manner using the proposed framework. Tele-medical agent (TMA) collects the chronic wound data using smart phone and send it to the Tele-medical hub (TMH). In TMH, the wound image has been segmented using Fuzzy C-Means which gives highest segmented accuracy i.e. 92.60%, then the wound tissue is classified using proposed Bayesian classifier. The smart phone supported prototype system has been demonstrated with snapshots using very compatible and easy to integrate Hypertext preprocessor (PHP) and MySqL. The proposed system may facilitate better wound management and treatment by providing percentage of wound tissues.
Distributed Leadership and Its Applications in Health Care Settings
Authors: Farzipour Vida
Published: September 2015

In this chapter, I go through distributed leadership which is one of the mainstreams of plural leadership from social media perspective. In addition, the attributes and variants of distributed leadership are covered in this chapter. The role of social media to help the distribution of power and increasing engagement to enhance the quality of care and patient safety is also addressed in the health care context. It is concluded that Understanding distributed leadership and its application in the health care setting is largely related to the appreciation of the political and social power that currently exists.
Nurses Using Social Media and Mobile Technology for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Mather Carey , Cummings Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

Continuing professional development is mandatory for all healthcare professionals in Australia. This chapter explores how the expectations of the regulatory and professional organisations of nursing and midwifery can be integrated within the profession by enrolled and registered nurses and midwives to meet the requirements and maintain their registrations. Using actual case studies as a basis, the chapter demonstrates how continuing professional development can be delivered as mobile or m-learning using social media or mobile technologies within this health profession. This chapter focuses on case studies from the Australian healthcare sector; however, it appears that similar issues arise in other countries and so the challenges and solutions described in the case studies can inform practice in other countries. It concludes by discussing the potential for continuing professional development m-learning into the future.
Implementation of Electronic Health Record (EHR) System in the Healthcare Industry
Authors: Schumaker Robert P , Reganti Kavya P.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the efficiency of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) software that is adopted in the healthcare industry to provide better patient care. The authors examine the impact of EHRs on the efficient delivery of healthcare services. More specifically, they detail the origin of EHR, its significance in modern healthcare delivery along with the selection and implementation criteria for EHR software. They present a survey on the extent of adoption of EHR by clinicians. They also highlight the challenges and barriers faced by organizations in adopting EHR software such as cost, workflow impact and data security. Finally, the authors contemplate the future of EHR, its role in the implementation of health information exchange and its implementation in the cloud. They conclude that the implementation of EHR in the cloud is an important step towards better health management across the population with the end-goal of better health outcomes.
Factors Enabling Communication-Based Collaboration in Interprofessional Healthcare Practice
Authors: Palanisamy Ramaraj , Verville Jacques
Published: September 2015

The healthcare system has moved from autonomous practice to a cross-disciplinary interprofessional team-based approach in which communication for collaborative care is vital. Ineffective communication contributes to the team's inability to work collaboratively and significantly increases the possibilities of mistakes occurring in the delivery of patient care. So, effective communication for collaborative care becomes necessary for ensuring patient safety. This paper aims to advance our understandings of current communication-based collaborative healthcare practices. Specifically, it explores the factors enabling communication-based inter-professional practice. A qualitative study was selected for obtaining real life experiences of healthcare professionals. Twenty-five participants participated in the study, and the descriptive interview method was used to obtain qualitative data. The enabling factors were grouped into five main themes: communication, coordination, cooperation, trust, and collaboration. Quotes from the participants are presented to augment the interpretation and enhanced description of the enabling factors. Managerial implications, areas for future research, and limitations are given besides the conclusions of the study.
A Social Work Approach in High-Tech Neurosurgery and Social Work Research Approaches in Health Care
Authors: Pritchard Colin
Published: September 2015

Psychiatric social work is inherently inter-disciplinary with an interactive bio-psycho-social model of behaviour. This chapter mainly focuses upon an innovative study in neurosurgery. Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening condition and survivors are often left with serious cognitive impairment. Patients and their carers led the design of a two-year controlled prospective study of a patient and family support service, using the Specialist Neurovascular Nurse (SNVN) to speed rehabilitation and family readjustment. Cost-effective measures found the SNVN group gained significant psychosocial and fiscal benefits when compared to the control group, thus highlighting the effectiveness of a social work approach in neurosurgery. Other studies in healthcare, including surgical patient safety, effectiveness in reducing mortality, cultural influence on suicide rates and implications for prevention, and the implications of the changing patterns of neurological mortality in Western nations, are briefly described.
Operative Role Management in Information Systems
Authors: Kurki Taina , Sihvonen Hanna-Miina
Published: September 2015

Operative role management relates to the commanding officers' work of managing their resources dealing with emergency situations. It concerns assigning and delegating the right roles to the right resources at a specific moment. Role management is commonly understood as system role management, relating to access control and administrative role management. Operative role management is in turn the practical daily work of emergency organizations' personnel and relates to overall resource management. In-depth ethnographic research has been carried out, and the difference between operative and system role management has been distinguished in this chapter. The research concentrates both on the practical work processes of the emergency management staff and on the information systems and their functionalities. Through this two-folded approach, role management approach has been divided into three domains: administrative management domain, operative domain, and their common domain. The chapter focuses on describing the interdependencies between the role management approaches with examples from field studies and findings from literature.
Mobile Health Systems for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mayora Oscar , Frost Mads , Arnrich Bert , Gravenhorst Franz , Grunerbl Agnes , Muaremi Amir , Osmani Venet , Puiatti Alessandro , Reichwaldt Nina , Scharnweber Corinna , Troster Gerhard
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a series of challenges for developing mobile health solutions for mental health as a result of MONARCA project three-year activities. The lessons learnt on the design, development and evaluation of a mobile health system for supporting the treatment of bipolar disorder. The findings presented here are the result of over 3 years of activity within the MONARCA EU project. The challenges listed and detailed in this paper may be used in future research as a starting point for identifying important non-functional requirements involved in mobile health provisioning that are fundamental for the successful implementation of mobile health services in real life contexts.
Auditing Privacy for Cloud-Based EHR Systems
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Hudzia Benoit , Stewart Alan
Published: September 2015

An EHR is a modern specialisation of a Customer Relationship Management that specifically focuses on the collection and exchange of electronic health information about individual patients between healthcare organisations. Electronic Heath Records systems hold personally identifiable information, especially that which falls under the category of sensitive personal data. As with all industries, the eHealth industry sees potential in cloud-based service offerings and the reduced infrastructure cost they imply, whilst realising the issues regarding security and privacy that may be encountered from outsourcing processing and storage to untrustworthy Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). In this chapter, the authors propose an approach to handle and audit data privacy requirements by leveraging a carefully designed architecture deployed for auditing data privacy in cloud ecosystems.
Home Telecare, Medical Implant, and Mobile Technology
Authors: Naidoo Vishaya , Naidoo Yedishtra
Published: September 2015

With a rapidly expanding global aging population, alternatives must be developed to minimize the inevitable increase in acute and long-term care admissions to the health care system. This chapter explores the use of home telecare as an alternative medical approach to managing this growing trend, while also providing superior care to geriatric patients. To address some of the emergent disadvantages of home telecare concerning usability, self-management, and confinement to the home, the use of a cardiac implant in conjunction with a mobile device—to assist in the management of chronic heart failure in seniors—is proposed as a promising technological solution to overcoming these limitations. Ultimately, it seems that the growth of home telecare, as well as the great potential to enhance its services with the use of mobile wireless technology, stands to drastically improve clinical decision-making and management of health services in the future.
Coalitions
Authors: Harris Erinn N.
Published: September 2015

Demands in healthcare have placed a strain on healthcare providers trying to provide quality care while maintaining accreditations and planning for the possibility of expansion of resources as well as patients. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been used to help ease this strain and increase the capabilities of healthcare systems all over the country. In an effort to “level the playing field,” the federal government has recently decided to mandate the structure of these healthcare PPPs. That is, a new form of these partnerships (i.e. coalitions) has been designated the organizational model that healthcare PPPs must evolve into in order to receive certain types of federal grants. This chapter discusses these coalitions as well as challenges for PPPs that are just now in the process of forming. Also discussed is the increased effort required to form coalitions from PPPs that have already been in existence for any length of time.
Parameterizations for convective transport in various cloud-topped boundary layers
Authors: Sikma M. , Ouwersloot H. G.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We investigate the representation of convective transport of atmospheric compounds by boundary layer clouds. We focus on three key parameterizations that, when combined, express this transport: the area fraction of transporting clouds, the upward velocity in the cloud cores and the chemical concentrations at cloud base. The first two parameterizations combined represent the kinematic mass flux by clouds. To investigate the key parameterizations under a wide range of conditions, we use large-eddy simulation model data for 10 meteorological situations, characterized by either shallow cumulus or stratocumulus clouds. The parameterizations have not been previously tested with such large data sets. In the analysis, we show that the parameterization of the area fraction of clouds currently used in mixed-layer models is affected by boundary layer dynamics. Therefore, we (i) simplify the independent variable used for this parameterization, Q1, by considering the variability in moisture rather than in the saturation deficit and update the parameters in the parameterization to account for this simplification. We (ii) next demonstrate that the independent variable has to be evaluated locally to capture cloud presence. Furthermore, we (iii) show that the area fraction of transporting clouds is not represented by the parameterization for the total cloud area fraction, as is currently assumed in literature. To capture cloud transport, a novel active cloud area fraction parameterization is proposed. Subsequently, the scaling of the upward velocity in cloud cores by the Deardorff convective velocity scale and the parameterization for the concentration of atmospheric reactants at cloud base from literature are verified and improved by analysing six shallow cumulus cases. For the latter, we additionally discuss how the parameterization is affected by wind conditions. This study contributes to a more accurate estimation of convective transport, which occurs at sub-grid scales.
Impact of earthworm Lumbricus terrestris living sites on the greenhouse gas balance of no-till arable soil
Authors: Nieminen M. , Hurme T. , Mikola J. , Regina K. , Nuutinen V.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We studied the effect of the deep-burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and global warming potential (GWP) of arable no-till soil using both field measurements and a controlled 15-week laboratory experiment. In the field, the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were on average 43 and 32 % higher in areas occupied by L. terrestris (the presence judged by the surface midden) than in adjacent, unoccupied areas (with no midden). The fluxes of methane (CH4) were variable and had no consistent difference between the midden and non-midden areas. Removing the midden did not affect soil N2O and CO2 emissions. The laboratory results were consistent with the field observations in that the emissions of N2O and CO2 were on average 27 and 13 % higher in mesocosms with than without L. terrestris. Higher emissions of N2O were most likely due to the higher content of mineral nitrogen and soil moisture under the middens, whereas L. terrestris respiration fully explained the observed increase in CO2 emissions in the laboratory. In the field, the significantly elevated macrofaunal densities in the vicinity of middens likely contributed to the higher emissions from areas occupied by L. terrestris. The activity of L. terrestris increased the GWP of field and laboratory soil by 50 and 18 %, but only 6 and 2 % of this increase was due to the enhanced N2O emission. Our results suggest that high N2O emissions commonly observed in no-till soils can partly be explained by the abundance of L. terrestris under no-till management and that L. terrestris can markedly regulate the climatic effects of different cultivation practises.
A Quaternary Fault Database for Central Asia
Authors: Mohadjer S. , Ehlers T. A. , Bendick R. , Stübner K. , Strube T.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Earthquakes represent the highest risk in terms of potential loss of lives and economic damage for Central Asian countries. Knowledge of fault location and behavior is essential in calculating and mapping seismic hazard. Previous efforts in compiling fault information for Central Asia have generated a large amount of data that are published in limited-access journals with no digital maps publicly available, or are limited in their description of important fault parameters such as slip rates. This study builds on previous work by improving access to fault information through a web-based interactive map and an online database with search capabilities that allow users to organize data by different fields. The data presented in this compilation include fault location, its geographic, seismic and structural characteristics, short descriptions, narrative comments and references to peer-reviewed publications. The interactive map displays 1196 fault segments and 34 000 earthquake locations on a shaded-relief map. The online database contains attributes for 122 faults mentioned in the literature, with Quaternary and geodetic slip rates reported for 38 and 26 faults respectively, and earthquake history reported for 39 faults. This work has implications for seismic hazard studies in Central Asia as it summarizes important fault parameters, and can reduce earthquake risk by enhancing public access to information. It also allows scientists and hazard assessment teams to identify structures and regions where data gaps exist and future investigations are needed.
Comment on "Ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic anomalies associated with large earthquakes in Java Island, Indonesia by using wavelet transform and detrended fluctuation analysis", by Febriani et al. (2014)
Authors: Masci F. , Thomas J. N.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We examine the recent report of Febriani et al. (2014) where the authors show changes in ULF magnetic field data prior to the M7.5 Tasikmalaya earthquake occurred south of Java, Indonesia, on 2 September 2009. Febriani et al. (2014) state that the magnetic changes they found may be related to the impending earthquake. We do not agree that the preearthquake magnetic changes shown in Febriani et al. (2014) are seismogenic. These magnetic changes, indeed, are too closely related to the global geomagnetic activity level to be regarded as being of seismic origin.
A macroscale mixture theory analysis of deposition and sublimation rates during heat and mass transfer in dry snow
Authors: Hansen A. C. , Foslien W. E.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The microstructure of a dry alpine snowpack is a dynamic environment where microstructural evolution is driven by seasonal density profiles and weather conditions. Notably, temperature gradients on the order of 10–20 K m−1, or larger, are known to produce a faceted snow microstructure exhibiting little strength. However, while strong temperature gradients are widely accepted as the primary driver for kinetic growth, they do not fully account for the range of experimental observations. An additional factor influencing snow metamorphism is believed to be the rate of mass transfer at the macroscale. We develop a mixture theory capable of predicting macroscale deposition and/or sublimation in a snow cover under temperature gradient conditions. Temperature gradients and mass exchange are tracked over periods ranging from 1 to 10 days. Interesting heat and mass transfer behavior is observed near the ground, near the surface, as well as immediately above and below dense ice crusts. Information about deposition (condensation) and sublimation rates may help explain snow metamorphism phenomena that cannot be accounted for by temperature gradients alone. The macroscale heat and mass transfer analysis requires accurate representations of the effective thermal conductivity and the effective mass diffusion coefficient for snow. We develop analytical models for these parameters based on first principles at the microscale. The expressions derived contain no empirical adjustments, and further, provide self consistent values for effective thermal conductivity and the effective diffusion coefficient for the limiting cases of air and solid ice. The predicted values for these macroscale material parameters are also in excellent agreement with numerical results based on microscale finite element analyses of representative volume elements generated from X-ray tomography.
Disaster medicine curricula in Saudi Arabian medical schools
Authors: Bajow Nidaa , Djalali Ahmadreza , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Ageely Hussein , Bani Ibrahim , Corte Francesco Della
Published: September 2015

Background:Disaster medicine training in medical school is a key element of disaster preparedness, and several international educational authorities have called for an increase in this specific type of training. The objective of this study was to assess the current state of disaster medicine education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods:All 30 medical schools in Saudi Arabia were invited to participate in the study, and a 25-item online survey was sent to those that consented.Results:The response rate was 67%. Only three of the responding 20 universities currently have disaster medicine programs, and they spend an average of three hours per year on the subject. Respondents without disaster medicine curricula indicated that a mandatory, accredited course in the final three years of the six-year program was their preferred method for implementation, and most favored a blended approach.Conclusions:The study found that there is a paucity of disaster medicine programs in Saudi Arabia. Most schools indicated a willingness to implement such training in their undergraduate programs but cited lack of an adequate number of relevant professionals as a major impediment.
The role of ophthalmology departments in overcoming health care disparities
Authors: Salowe Rebecca J. , Sankar Prithvi , Miller-Ellis Eydie , Pistilli Maxwell , Ying Gui-shuang , O’Brien Joan M.
Published: September 2015

Ophthalmology departments can play a unique role in providing care for at-risk patients. This study analyzed the age, gender,and socioeconomic measures for 267,286 unique African American patients seen at University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS). Patients seen by the Ophthalmology Department (n=33,801) were older and more likely to be from impoverished zipcodes than those seen by other UPHS specialists. These results hint at several inherent advantages of ophthalmology departmentsin recruiting older, disadvantaged patients to their clinics. We found that supplementing this advantage with strong patient relationships, involvement of community leaders, and customized outreach efforts was key to overcoming access-to-care issues and to reaching these patients. This provides ophthalmologists with a unique opportunity to capture and refer systemic conditions with ocular manifestations and to possibly reduce disparities such as post-hospitalization readmission and mortality observed disproportionately in impoverished populations.
Surgical instrumentation: the true cost of instrument trays and a potential strategy for optimization
Authors: Mhlaba Julie M. , Stockert Emily W. , Coronel Martin , Langerman Alexander J.
Published: September 2015

Objective: Operating rooms (OR) generate a large portion of hospital revenue and waste. Consequently, improving efficiency and reducing waste is a high priority. Our objective was to quantify waste associated with opened but unused instruments from trays and to compare this with the cost of individually wrapping instruments.Methods: Data was collected from June to November of 2013 in a 550-bed hospital in the United States. We recorded the instrument usage of two commonly-used trays for ten cases each. The time to decontaminate and reassemble instrument trays and peel packs was measured, and the cost to reprocess one instrument was calculated.Results: Average utilization was 14% for the Plastic Soft Tissue Tray and 29% for the Major Laparotomy Tray. Of 98 instruments in the Plastics tray (n = 10), 0% was used in all cases observed and 59% were used in no observed cases. Of 110 instruments in the Major Tray (n = 10), 0% was used in all cases observed and 25% were used in no observed cases. Average cost to reprocess one instrument was $0.34-$0.47 in a tray and $0.81-$0.84 in a peel pack, or individually-wrapped instrument.Conclusions: We estimate that the cost of peel packing an instrument is roughly two times the cost of tray packing. Therefore, it becomes more cost effective from a processing standpoint to package an instrument in a peel pack when there is less than a 42%-56% probability of use depending on instrument type. This study demonstrates an opportunity for reorganization of instrument delivery that could result in a significant cost-savings and waste reduction.
Caracterização dos resíduos sólidos escolares: estudo de caso em uma escola pública estadual, no município de Ponta Porã (MS)
Authors: Chaves Maia Sebastião Gabriel , Molina Alencar da Silva
Published: September 2015

A maioria das escolas brasileiras ainda não se realiza nenhum tipo de tratamento de lixo, porém existe uma pequena minoria que se preocupa com essa questão e busca soluções adequadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar os resíduos sólidos de uma escola pública estadual do município de Ponta Porã-MS, como subsídio de implementação de propostas sustentáveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, organizada em um estudo de caso. Os processos para a caracterização dos resíduos sólidos escolares compreenderam a coleta, acondicionamento, pesagem e separação. Foi verificado que a escola produz em média diária 25,47kg de resíduos sólidos, e no detalhamento da composição física destes resíduos, os orgânicos representam 61,5%; outros 14%; papel 12%; plástico 7%; e alumínio 5,5%. No geral, estes valores são consideráveis, contribuindo para universalização de que a sociedade de consumo é realidade em todos os lugares e tais informações servem de subsídio para a educação ambiental.
Revisão integrativa sobre aplicação das metodologias de avaliação de riscos à saúde e ao ambiente
Authors: Andrade Sérgio Fred Ribeiro , Velasco Fermin Garcia , Luzardo Francisco Heriberto Martinez
Published: September 2015

É consenso, na literatura, que não existe uniformização de metodologias e processos para avaliação de risco na área da saúde e do meio ambiente. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma ampla revisão da produção científica nacional e internacional sobre a aplicação das principais metodologias de avaliação de risco. É apresentada uma análise comparativa detalhada do processo avaliativo de risco, considerando principalmente as metodologias USEPA, ATSDR e OMS, as quais revelaram ter a maior aplicação em artigos reportados na literatura nos últimos anos. O propósito central deste estudo foi abrir, em um marco único, as vantagens, desvantagens e as ferramentas incluídas nas metodologias reportadas. Esta análise visa, por um lado, oferecer subsídios para a possível elaboração de padrões de novas metodologias de avaliação de riscos à saúde e meio ambiente; e por outro lado, disponibilizar suporte informativo para a seleção das metodologias mais adequadas a serem aplicadas em cada caso. São discutidas as áreas cobertas por cada metodologia, suas diferenças e procedimentos comuns, assim como questões do processo avaliativo de risco que ainda permanecem em aberto. A análise realizada na presente pesquisa poderá contribuir na possível uniformização de métodos de avaliação de risco às condições da saúde coletiva e aos ecossistemas brasileiros, e para subsidiar a formulação de uma nova metodologia mais adequada e completa.
Avaliação da evolução da coleta seletiva: usando análise envoltória de dados (DEA)
Authors: Freire Evaristo Moreira , Morais Elís Regina Costa de
Published: September 2015

A geração excessiva de resíduos sólidos, revelada nos últimos anos, tornou-se um fator agravante para o desenvolvimento sustentável em todo o planeta, o que motivou a agenda 21 a preconizar o tratamento hierárquico para a gestão de resíduos, fundamentada na política dos 3 R´S, com objetivo de amenizar a problemática causada pelos mesmos. No Brasil, a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, entende que a coleta seletiva seja uma das principais alternativas para a gestão sustentável dos resíduos sólidos. Porém, esta vem passando por diversas dificuldades no país, o que impossibilita a evolução dos programas implantados nos municípios. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a evolução dos programas de coleta seletiva nos municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, usando Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Neste, foi possível identificar que os principais problemas que interferem na evolução dos programas estão relacionados ao uso excessivo dos insumos e a baixa produção dos programas.
Avaliação físico-química e ecotoxicológica de efluentes provenientes de estações de tratamento de esgoto
Authors: Tavares Renan Destefano
Published: September 2015

A qualidade da água pode ser representada através de uma série de parâmetros que exprimem suas características químicas, físicas e biológicas e deve ser avaliada de acordo com o uso pretendido para a mesma. Considerada como uma ciência relativamente nova, a ecotoxicologia descreve o estudo científico dos efeitos nocivos ocasionados a organismos vivos que se encontram expostos a substâncias químicas potencialmente tóxicas liberadas no meio ambiente. No Brasil, a ecotoxicologia aquática tem sido utilizada há alguns anos como parâmetro de qualidade das águas, constituindo um importante instrumento no monitoramento dos recursos hídricos. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar, através da realização de análises físico-químicas e de ensaios ecotoxicológicos com os microcrustáceos Daphnia similis e Ceriodaphnia dubia, a qualidade dos efluentes provenientes das Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs) dos municípios paulistas de São João da Boa Vista, Espírito Santo do Pinhal e Águas da Prata. Os efluentes foram coletados na entrada e na saída das estações e os parâmetros analisados foram DBO5 20, DQO, óleos e graxas, sólidos sedimentáveis, toxicidade aguda em D. similis e toxicidade crônica em C. dubia. As análises laboratoriais foram desempenhadas em laboratórios da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Os resultados encontrados mostraram que todos os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados nos efluentes das estações de tratamento atenderam aos padrões de lançamento estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. As eficiências dos tratamentos na remoção da carga orgânica foram de 95,9%, 93,6% e 75,7%, para as ETEs de Espírito Santo do Pinhal, São João da Boa Vista e Águas da Prata, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos através das análises ecotoxicológicas mostraram que os efluentes não apresentaram grande potencialidade para ocasionar efeitos tóxicos agudos aos organismos-teste utilizados. Com relação aos efeitos tóxicos crônicos, os efluentes das ETEs de São João da Boa Vista e de Espírito Santo do Pinhal atenderam ao estabelecido na legislação, ou seja, mostraram-se incapazes de oferecer riscos ecotoxicológicos aos seus respectivos corpos receptores. O resultado obtido para o efluente proveniente da ETE do município de Águas da Prata não permitiu que fosse efetuada tal avaliação.
Dual Strategies of the Rural Elites: Exploring the Intersection of Regional and Local Transformations in the Lurin Valley, Perú
Authors: Marcone Giancarlo , López-Hurtado Enrique
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we examine recently recovered data from two sites belonging to different chronological periods in the Lurin j Valley of the Perúvian central coast. We discuss in a comparative framework how rural elites in the settlements ofLote B \ and Panquilma saw their lives transformed while dealing with the intrusion of the Lima polity and the Inkas, respectively. Each site presents evidence of at least two sets of ritual and feasting activities, one in domestic contexts and another associated with monumental architecture. We propose that in both cases the rural elites of these two sites implemented a set of mutually constituted strategies when dealing with outside political influence. These strategies were oriented upwards to deal with changes at the regional level as well as downwards to maintain their privileged position in their own communities during moments of change. These parallel strategies were developed through a complex interplay of economics, ideology, and public prestige available to the elites. In the case of Lote B, the rural elites acquired economic power, consolidating a loose level of leadership by sacrificing part of their public prestige. At Panquilma, we find evidence for the existence of rural elites with a solid economic position who were compelled to search for legitimization and prestige in the local realm rather than by participating in a new and larger economic system.