bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deposition characteristics of a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride plus fluticasone propionate in an anatomic model of the human nasal cavity
Authors: Meltzer Eli O. , Bachert Claus , Mayer Michael J. , Kopietz Ferdinand , Koltun Arkady , Maus Joachim , D'Addio Alexander D.
Published: May 2020

Background: Intranasal antihistamines and steroids should be delivered in a volume and with a technique that allow for optimal drug retention within the entire nasal cavity, maximize local absorption by the nasal mucosa, and, subsequently, increase the potential for the most
desirable local availability and therapeutic effect. Objective: This in vitro evaluation simulated nasal medication deposition and evaluated the extent of runoff. MP-AzeFlu, a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) plus fluticasone propionate (FP),
was compared with sequential sprays of available commercial products with the individual medication components. Methods: A model of a normal adult human nasal cavity was used to visualize deposition of nasal spray products. A single spray of MP-AzeFlu (0.137 mL [137 μg
of AZE/50 μg of FP]) or single sequential sprays of AZE nasal spray (0.137 mL [137 μg]) followed by brand name or generic FP nasal spray (0.100 mL [50 μg]) were manually actuated into the model. The interior was coated with a water-sensitive dye that changes to magenta when exposed
to aqueous-based formulations. A slight vacuum was applied during spray delivery to simulate sniffing. The results were photographed by using anterior and lateral views. Results: Three replicates of MP-AzeFlu showed no dripping from the front of the nostril or backflow
from the nasal cavity. However, three replicates of AZE nasal spray, followed by a brand name or generic FP nasal spray, showed significant dripping from the front of the nostril and backflow from the nasal cavity. Conclusion: A single spray of MP-AzeFlu resulted in no
runoff compared with sequential dosing of the two other therapeutic products. Product runoff is likely due to the volume exceeding the capacity of the nasal cavity model. Furthermore, the common clinical dosing regimen of two sprays per nostril of each of the individual components would promote
even greater increased undesirable flooding and leakage.
Construction Fragile Digital Watermark Used by a Team of Authors in Executable Files
Authors: Nechta I. V.
Published: May 2020

According to statistical research, a violation of license agreements annually causes huge losses to software companies. On the one hand, illegal copies of the software product are created, on the other hand, some fragments of the programs are used by third parties unauthorized. Another important problem is the violation of the program integrity, for example, in terms of blocking functions of the license key checking. In this regard, the task of construction methods for protecting intellectual property in software applications is highly relevant. Previously known methods solve this problem by means of fragile digital watermarks. Below is presented a method for constructing a fragile digital watermark used in executable files. A model of a developers team creating software product protected by DWM is considered. The application of this method will allow to reveal the fact of the container integrity violation, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, will allow the author, if it is necessary, to confirm his participation in the development and embedding of the DWM. In this method we use mathematical properties of systems of linear algebraic equations, digital signature and cryptographic hash functions. The scheme is based on the Kronecker – Capelli theorem. To find the group password the co-author who is in the group finds one root of the consistent system of linear algebraic equations. The indicated system consists of n equations and contains n + 1 variables. For an outsider who is not in the group, the system of equations does not have a unique solution. The co-author of the group is able to calculate one variable in system based on their passport data. Therefore, the system of equations for such co-author has a unique solution. Various attacks on a protected by the new method are analyzed, and it is shown its efficiency. The constructed method can be applied in companies with a large team of developers.
Evil Spirits as Viewed by the Tuvans
Authors: Bazyrchap Anay-Khaak O. , Kongu Arzhaana A.
Published: May 2020

Purpose. The article is devoted to the classification of demonological images in the views of the Tuvans based on the materials gathered during field studies. The mythology associated with evil spirits is subject to transformation. It is a dynamic, ever-changing process. Therefore, the publication of new field materials on this topic will help to clarify the existing ideas about the mythology of the Tuvan ethnos and its evolution.
Results. The work gives a general description of evil spirits and their habitats, as well as functional and semantic characteristics, which are reflected in ritual practices and popular knowledge. For the Tuvans, most places inhabited by evil spirits are ambivalent, that is, sacred and forbidden at the same time, as well as transboundary. The results of our studies show that certain places are considered by the Tuvans as sacred due to their ideas about the strength of the earth itself, as well as their beliefs about the existence of spirit masters of the area.
Conclusion. In general, the study revealed common and specific features in the anthropology of space, its development, taking into account the management of the economy and the traditional way of life of the Tuvans.
Molecular Characterization of the Surface Excess Charge Layer in Droplets
Authors: Kwan Victor , Consta Styliani
Published: May 2020

Charged droplets play a central role in native mass spectrometry, atmospheric aerosols and in serving as micro-reactors for accelerating chemical reactions. The surface excess charge layer in droplets has often been associated with distinct chemistry. Using molecular simulations for droplets with Na+ and Cl- ions we have found that this layer is ≈ 1.5−1.7 nm thick and depending on the droplet size it includes 33%-55% of the total number of ions. Here, we examine the eﬀect of droplet size and nature of ions in the structure of the surface excess charge layer by using molecular dynamics. We ﬁnd that in the presence of simple ions the thickness of the surface excess charge layer is invariant not only with respect to droplet size but also with respect to the nature of the simple ions and it is not sensitive to ﬁne details of diﬀerent force ﬁelds used in our simulations. In the presence of macroions the excess surface charge layer may extend to 2.0. nm. For the same droplet size, iodide and model hydronium ions show considerably higher concentration than the sodium and chloride ions.

We also ﬁnd that diﬀerences in the average water dipole orientation in the presence of cations and anions in this layer are reﬂected in the charge distributions. Within the surface charge layer, the number of hydrogen bonds reduces gradually relative to the droplet interior where the number of hydrogen bonds is on the average 2.9 for droplets of diameter < 4 nm and 3.5 for larger droplets. The decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds from the interior to the surface is less pronounced in larger droplets. In droplets with diameter < 4 nm and high concentration of ions the charge of the ions is not compensated only by the solvent polarization charge but by the total charge that also includes the other free charge. This ﬁnding shows exceptions to the commonly made assumption that the solvent compensates the charge of the ions in solvents with very high dielectric constant. The study provides molecular insight into the bi-layer droplet structure assumed in the equilibrium partitioning model of C. Enke and assesses critical assumptions of the Iribarne-Thomson model for the ion-evaporation mechanism.
Data-Driven Electrode Parameter Identification for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Through Experimental and Numerical Methods
Authors: Cheng Ziqiang , Tenny Kevin M. , Pizzolato Alberto , Forner-Cuenca Antoni , Verda Vittorio , Chiang Yet- Ming , Brushett Fikile , Behrou Reza
Published: May 2020

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising energy storage technology for stationary applications (e.g., renewables integration) that offers a pathway to cost-effectiveness through independent scaling of power and energy as well as longevity. Many current research efforts are focused on improving battery performance through electrode modifications, but high-throughput, laboratory-scale testing can be time- and material-intensive. Advances in multiphysics-based numerical modeling and data-driven parameter identification afford a computational platform to expand the design space by rapidly screening a diverse array of electrode configurations. Herein, a 3D VRFB model is first developed and validated against experimental results. Subsequently, a new 2D model is composed, yielding a computationally-light simulation framework, which is used to span bounded values of the electrode thickness, porosity, volume-specific surface area, fiber diameter, and kinetic rate constant across six cell polarization voltages. This generates a dataset of 7350 electrode property combinations for each cell voltage, which is used to evaluate the effect of these structural properties on the pressure drop and current density. These structure-performance relationships are further quantified using Kendall $\tau$ rank correlation coefficients to highlight the dependence of cell performance on bulk electrode morphology and to identify improved property sets. This statistical framework may serve as a general guideline for parameter identification for more advanced electrode designs and redox flow battery (RFB) stacks.
Tracking Charge Transfer to Residual Metal Clusters in Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sachs Michael , Cha Hyojung , Kosco Jan , Aitchison Catherine M. , Francàs Laia , Corby Sacha , Chiang Chao-Lung , Wilson Anna A. , Godin Robert , Fahey-Williams Alexander , Cooper Andrew I. , Sprick Seb , McCulloch Iain , Durrant James R
Published: May 2020

Semiconducting polymers are versatile materials for solar energy conversion and have gained popularity as photocatalysts for sunlight-driven hydrogen production. Organic polymers often contain residual metal impurities such as palladium (Pd) clusters that are formed during the polymerization reaction, and there is increasing evidence for a catalytic role of such metal clusters in polymer photocatalysts. Using transient optical spectroscopies on nanoparticles of F8BT, P3HT, and the dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone homopolymer, P10, we demonstrate how differences in the timescale of electron transfer to Pd clusters translate into hydrogen evolution activity optima at extremely different residual Pd concentrations. For F8BT nanoparticles with common Pd concentrations of >1000 ppm (>0.1 wt. %), we find that residual Pd clusters quench photogenerated excitons via energy and electron transfer on the fs – ns timescale, thus outcompeting reductive quenching via the electron donor diethylamine in the solution phase. We spectroscopically identify reduced Pd clusters in our F8BT nanoparticles from the µs timescale onwards and show that the predominant location of long-lived electrons gradually shifts to the F8BT polymer when the Pd content is lowered. However, a low yield of long-lived electrons limits the hydrogen evolution activity of F8BT. P10, on the other hand, exhibits a substantially higher hydrogen evolution activity, which we demonstrate results from higher yields of long-lived electrons compared to F8BT due to more efficient reductive quenching. Surprisingly, and despite the higher performance of P10, long-lived electrons reside on the P10 polymer rather than on the Pd clusters in P10 particles, even at very high Pd concentrations of 27,000 ppm (2.7 wt. %). We show that these long-lived electrons in P10 react orders of magnitude slower at lower Pd levels, which suggests that their transfer to Pd sites constitutes a kinetic bottleneck and thus reveals a direction towards further improvements for this already very performant material. In contrast, long-lived electrons in F8BT already reside on Pd clusters before the typical timescale of hydrogen evolution. This comparison illustrates that P10 exhibits efficient reductive quenching but slow electron transfer to residual Pd clusters, whereas the opposite is the case for F8BT. We discuss possible reasons for this pronounced difference in the predominant location of long-lived electrons in F8BT and P10. Our results suggest that the development of even more efficient polymer photocatalysts should target materials that combine both rapid reductive quenching and rapid charge transfer to a metal-based co-catalyst.
On the Importance of Catalysis in Photocatalysis: Triggering of Photocatalysis at Well-Defined Anatase TiO2 Crystals Through Facet-Specific Deposition of Oxygen Reduction Cocatalyst
Authors: Adler Christiane , Mitoraj Dariusz , Krivtsov Igor , Beranek Radim
Published: May 2020

Well-defined anatase TiO2 crystals with co-exposed {101} and {001} facets represent a promising platform for fundamental studies in photocatalysis and for the development of novel photocatalytic systems exhibiting higher than usual quantum efficiencies. Herein, we present protocols enabling the photoreductive deposition of Pt nanoparticles onto anatase TiO2 micro-sized (1-3 mm) crystals prepared by hydrothermal growth in fluoride-containing solutions to be carried out either facet-selectively (on {101} facets only) or facet non-selectively (on both {101} and {001} facets). The photocatalytic behavior of resulting photocatalysts is studied using investigations of oxidative photodegradation of a test pollutant (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP), photocurrent measurements, and kinetic analysis of the open-circuit photopotential decay. We demonstrate that the deposition of Pt nanoparticles effectively triggers the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CP at anatase crystals which are otherwise completely inactive. The role of Pt in triggering the photocatalysis is demonstrated to consist chiefly in the catalytic enhancement of the reaction rate of oxygen reduction by photogenerated electrons. Only platinized {101} facets contribute to photocatalysis, whereas the {001} facets, in the literature often referred to as “highly reactive”, are even after platinization completely inactive, most likely due to (1 × 4) surface reconstruction upon the heat treatment necessary to decrease the amount of surface fluorides. Based on our results, we highlight the eminent role of efficient surface catalysis for effective charge separation, and provide specific design rules for further development of photocatalysts with high quantum efficiencies.
Infrared Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy in Water
Authors: Pfitzner Emanuel , Heberle Joachim
Published: May 2020

Infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy detects state and chemical composition of biomolecules solely by their inherent vibrational fingerprints. Major disadvantages like the lack of spatial resolution and sensitivity were compensated lately by the use of pointed probes as local sensors enabling the detection of quantities as few as hundreds of proteins with nanometer precision. This makes infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy a very powerful tool in life science. The strong absorption of infrared radiation of liquid water, however, still prevents to simply access the measured quantity – light scattered at the probing atomic force microscope tip. Here we report on the local IR response of biological membranes immersed in aqueous bulk solution. We make use of a silicon solid immersion lens as substrate and focusing optics to achieve detection efficiencies sufficient to yield IR near-field maps of purple membranes. We scrutinized our experimental findings by applying theoretical models. Finally, we suggest a means to improve the imaging quality by laser scanning assisted scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. We believe that IR scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy will resolve biological structures in their native environments at nm resolution without the need for labeling.
Structural investigation of the Plasma Transferred Arc hardfaced glass mold after operation
Authors: Skowrońska Beata , Sokołowski Wojciech , Rostamian Reyhaneh
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of research aimed at detecting the causes of premature wear of molds for glass shaping, manifesting the formation of pits in the Plasma Transferred Arc pad-welds in which the working surface of the mold was shaped. The weld microstructure was tested, the chemical composition was determined in the pad-weld’s cross-section, linear and surface chemical distributions were made in the pad-weld’s cross-section, the surface morphology in damaged areas, and the chemical composition of surface inclusions were examined. The too high temperature of formed glass associated with wettability of the glass of the mold was indicated as the primary cause of premature mold wear.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a source of development of states and regions in the age of globalization
Authors: Bógdał-Brzezińska Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

The article presents the current evolution of the global information society and the problem of digital divide. An additional category is globalization, which has been presented as an accelerator for the development of a global information society. The role of ICT in filling the development gap between regions of the world was identified on the basis of the UN classification. The concept of “digital divide” was introduced as a synonym for a new kind of development gap between the rich North and the poor South, and analysis of data from UN publications showed a constant high diversity of the global information society, which is clearly regionalized.
A EDUCAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA NUMA PERSPECTIVA DE INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE: LITERATURA E GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Moraes Maristela Maria de , Callai Helena Copetti
Published: May 2020

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir questões que envolvem as práticas de sala de aula em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Para isso, trabalhamos com a obra “O Continente I” de Erico Verissimo e os conceitos geográficos de espaço, território, lugar e identidade territorial de maneira a considerar que essa articulação entre Literatura e Geografia contribui na construção do conhecimento por parte do aluno e, portanto, na sua formação. No que se refere à Geografia, percebemos que essa prática contribui com a educação geográfica, uma vez que permite que os conceitos sejam trabalhados de forma não fragmentada. Para a Literatura, a contribuição se dá por meio da relação entre a ficção e o mundo da vida. Assim, compreendemos que ambas as disciplinas, trabalhadas conjuntamente, permitem ao aluno estabelecer relações, refletir sobre elas e compreender o mundo em que vive.
The Pros and Cons of the Use of Altmetrics in Research Assessment
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: May 2020

Many indicators derived from the web have been proposed to supplement citation-based indicators in support of research assessments. These indicators, often called altmetrics, are available commercially from Altmetric.com and Elsevier’s Plum Analytics or can be collected directly. These organisations can also deliver altmetrics to support institutional self-evaluations. The potential advantages of altmetrics for research evaluation are that they may reflect important non-academic impacts and may appear before citations when an article is published, thus providing earlier impact evidence. Their disadvantages often include susceptibility to gaming, data sparsity, and difficulties translating the evidence into specific types of impact. Despite these limitations, altmetrics have been widely adopted by publishers, apparently to give authors, editors and readers insights into the level of interest in recently published articles. This article summarises evidence for and against extending the adoption of altmetrics to research evaluations. It argues that whilst systematically-gathered altmetrics are inappropriate for important formal research evaluations, they can play a role in some other contexts. They can be informative when evaluating research units that rarely produce journal articles, when seeking to identify evidence of novel types of impact during institutional or other self-evaluations, and when selected by individuals or groups to support narrative-based non-academic claims. In addition, Mendeley reader counts are uniquely valuable as early (mainly) scholarly impact indicators to replace citations when gaming is not possible and early impact evidence is needed. Organisations using alternative indicators need recruit or develop in-house expertise to ensure that they are not misused, however. Policy highlightsAltmetrics, or alternative indicators for research outputs, have been proposed as a partial solution to two research management problems: (a) assessing the societal impacts of research, and (b) obtaining early impact evidence. This article reviews the evidence and finds limited support for (a) but strong support for (b). Organisations will need to assess whether the value provided by alternative indicators in terms of helping to provide data so support research assessments is sufficient for their financial and time costs. Those using alternative indicators will deed to develop in-house expertise so that they can be used responsibly and interpreted effectively.
SEASONAL MARKETING: STRATEGIES USING THE CALENDAR
Authors: Sardana Anil , Talwar Pooja , Gulati Shruti
Published: May 2020

In this ever-dynamic world, the only thing that is constant is change. Change when happens, applies to all; then why should marketing remain the same? Each year is a witness to various seasons, and each season requires separate marketing efforts to be carried out differently. Seasonal marketing thus helps to capitalise on the varied demand through varied marketing. Every season requires special efforts and hence leads to different sales.
FORECASTING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RESULTS IN SOUTH DENPASAR USING QUADRATIC TREND METHOD BASED GIS
Authors: Supuwiningsih Ni Nyoman , PaulaDewanti  , KadekSukerti Ni , Putra I Made AgusWirahadi
Published: May 2020

Agriculture is an activity of exploiting natural resources performed by humans to meet their needs, especially as staple food. Agricultural activities can produce foodstuffs, raw materials for industry, energy and also can balance the natural ecosystems. People may have forgotten the function of agriculture for several factors. Mentioning one, the population growth, with the result that land conversion is done to housing. Another, an economic concern that being a farmer does not guarantee the future, so that people have turned to other livelihoods that are considered promising, and other factors. Based on these facts that there has been a decline in agricultural land from 2011-2014 in Denpasar area, especially South Denpasar District, which can affect the amount of agricultural production as staple food. Total production of staple crops, especially rice plants, has decreased significantly in 2014.It became great concern to government and people in finding a solution. Due to lack of information on the impact of agricultural land conversion that affects the production, so that food needs are not met. Based on those problems, it is necessary to forecast the number of agricultural production using Quadratic Trend Method based on GIS (Geographic Information System) application using ArcView software. The results of this forecast that are implemented with a digital map can be used as a reference to the government in making decisions and create people awareness how important it is to preserve agriculture.
Preclinical Assessment of Antiurolithiatic Activity of Mangifera indica Seeds on Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Rat Model
Authors: Iman Shafa
Published: May 2020

Mangifera indica seeds (MIS) are used traditionally for treating multiple ailments including urolithiasis. In current study, aqueous methanolic extract of MIS was examined for antiurolithiatic potential against Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. In vitro analysis (nucleation, aggregation and growth assays) was performed with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL concentrations of extract against standard drug (cystone). In-vivo CaOx crystals were induced by administration of drinking water comprising 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol (EG) and 1% w/v ammonium chloride (AC) for initial 3 days followed by intake of 0.75% v/v EG for next 25 days. Total 36 rats were allocated into 6 groups receiving vehicle, EG + AC, Cystone and extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) respectively. Urine and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. In in vitro analysis, 1000 mg/mL concentration significantly inhibited crystal formation when compared to standard. While MISE (500 and 1000 mg/kg) produced significant reduction in serum creatinine, BUN and uric acid levels while increased urine volume, Mg, pH and citrate levels of urine in MISE treated rats. The results give a scientific basis for its traditional claims
Effects of Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita: Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles, Acute Toxicity and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Aziz Sana
Published: May 2020

Concerns regarding zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have gained much attention due to their unique properties and widespread applications in cosmetics, electronics and medicinal industry that may induce an adverse impact not only on specific ecosystem but also on human health. ZnO-NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterization was done by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. SEM showed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of particles. From XRD pattern, average particle size, lattice parameters (a and c), X-ray density and volume of unit cell of zinc oxide nanoparticles were 52.22 nm, (a =3.25 Å and c=5.21 Å), 5.0 g/cm3 and 54.82 Å3, respectively. FT-IR confirmed the attached compound of synthesized nanoparticles. The acute toxicity of ZnO-NPs was determined by using fish, Labeo rohita as a genetic model during this study. The mean 96-h LC50 and lethal concentration were measured as 31.15 and 57.84 mg/L, respectively. Oxidative stress in terms of catalase, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase was also determined in fish gills, muscle, liver and heart after chronic exposure of ZnO-NPs for 80 days and sampling were done on 20, 40, 60 and 80 days. Significantly decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was determined in selected fish organs. However, level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the fish organs as compared to control group. The overall results indicated that induced toxicity mechanism of ZnO-NPs in aquatic ecosystem was oxidative stress
Pemanfaatan Biogas Sebagai Sumber Alternatif Tenaga Listrik Di BBPTU HPT Baturraden
Authors: Romadhona Gema , Winarso Winarso , Mukholik Akhmad
Published: May 2020

Kebutuhan energi listrik setiap tahun selalu meningkat, sedangkan cadangan sumber energi listrik yang tidak dapat diperbaharui semakin menipis dan akan habis seperti batubara, minyak bumi, dan gas alam. Pembakaran langsung batubara akan dihasilkan gas CO2 yang menimbulkan pencemaran udara, serta polutan radioaktif yang dapat meningkatkan paparan radioaktivitas alam. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kreatifitas dalam menggunakan sumber daya alam untuk menghasilkan listrik yang ramah lingkungan serta dapat dipebaharui. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti meneliti biogas yang berasal dari feses Sapi Perah jenis FH (Friesian Holstein). Biogas ini memiliki banyak keunggulan yaitu dapat diperbaharui, mengurangi pencemaran udara, emisi gas rumah kaca, dan pemanasan global, karena gas metan (CH4) yang dihasilkan dari feses Sapi masuk ke degester kemudian dimanfaatkan untuk membangkitkan energi listrik. Parameter yang diukur adalah berapa besar energi listrik yang dapat dihasilkan dari feses Sapi. Dalam sehari dengan jumlah 232 Sapi menghasilkan feses basah 6.960 kg, digunakan untuk biogas terbentuk 125,28 m3 biogas yang dapat menghasilkan 8070,12 Watt. Energi listrik yang dihasilkan masih hanya digunakan untuk penerangan.
Study and Introduction into Scientific Circulation of Ethnographic Collections of Altai Krai Museums in the Context of Development of Museology and Regional Ethnography at the Turn of the XX-XXI Centuries
Authors: Gribanova Natal'ya Svyatoslavna
Published: May 2020

The paper analyzes the process and results of studying ethnographic collections of Altai Krai museums at the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century. Scientific novelty of the research is determined by the lack of works on the history of studying Altai Krai museums’ ethnographic collections. The author identifies the basic trends in studying the museums’ ethnographic collections, reveals the conditions promoting development of museum ethnography and ethnographic museology in the region, evaluates efficiency of the conducted research. The findings justify the necessity to continue studying and cataloging ethnographic collections so as to introduce them into scientific circulation and to ensure their efficient use in museum, educational and excursion and tourist activities.
Subject-Oriented Approach as Basis for Studying Informational Conflicts
Authors: Zubkov Nikolai Andreevich
Published: May 2020

The paper aims to analyse the phenomenon of informational conflict from the viewpoint of the subject-oriented approach. The article describes the basic subject-oriented approaches adopted in social sciences and humanities, such as systemic, discursive, communicative and structural ones. The key features and provisions of the subject-oriented approach in philosophy are revealed. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that informational conflict is considered as specific interaction of a subject of cognition and informational communicative space. The research findings justify appropriateness and relevance of the subject-oriented approach to studying and describing informational conflict through the lenses of subjectivity transformation.
Attempt of Diachronic Reconstruction of Critical Consciousness in Dogmatic Pre-Kantian Philosophy
Authors: Yurovitskaya Larisa Nikolaevna , Yurovitskii Stanislav Vital'evich
Published: May 2020

The study aims to examine the phenomenon of criticism in pre-Kantian philosophy and formation of critical intention in succession of philosophical periods up to the XVIII century. The aim is attained by solving the following tasks: to analyse different approaches to the phenomenon of the critical as it is; to define the notion of critical state; to consider the circumstances under which this notion may present itself. The article reviews the basic philosophical conceptions from the antiquity to the French Enlightenment. The study is novel in that it contains the first attempt to construct the logic of formation of the notion of the critical in philosophical thought. One of the main results of the study is redefinition and reinterpretation of the notion “crisis of philosophy” in the pre-Kantian period.
Social Normativeness and Personal Identification: Correlation of Notions and Practical Realization
Authors: Erokhin Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: May 2020

The research objective includes identifying correlation of social normativeness and personal identification. The article examines correlation of the basic notions: personality, identity, identification, norm, social norm. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the problem of personal identification is considered through the lenses of normativeness as a social phenomenon. It is stated that a person acquires features in the process of social norms assimilation thus establishing social ties and relations. Just social normativeness largely determines personal identity which includes social and personal components. The findings indicate that an individual’s personal identification occurs when they identify themselves with the adopted standards of behaviour. During this process, a collision of social expectations and personal aspirations occurs. This contradiction can be removed by different methods, one of which is art.
Philosophical-Pedagogical Potential of Virtual Museums of “Memory Spaces”
Authors: Vyazinkin Aleksei Yur'evich , Dvukhzhilova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

The study aims to analyse the philosophical-pedagogical potential of virtual museums of historic sites as transmitters of cultural values. Employment of mathematical modelling methods, source studies and pedagogical research during executing a digital museum project suggests the interdisciplinary approach, which accounts for theoretical and practical scientific novelty of the research. It was found that the philosophical-pedagogical potential of virtual museums is explained by evolutional specifics of the phenomenon itself: from N. F. Fedorov’s conception of “real museum” to postmodernist museological theories.
Historical Role of Fortifications in the Process of Russia’s Assertion in the North Caucasus at the End of the XVIII - in the First Half of the XIX Century
Authors: German Roman Eduardovich
Published: May 2020

The article aims to identify the role of fortifications in the process of Russia’s assertion in the North Caucasus at the end of the XVIII - in the first half of the XIX century. Initially the fortifications were constructed for defence and played an important role protecting the Russian resettlers, peaceful mountaineers from hostile forays, providing transportation security. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the fortifications are considered within the system of interaction of the Russian authorities and the local population. The research findings are as follows: with the spread of the Russian influence in the North-Caucasian region, the fortifications became key factors in restoration of urban life, trade development, laying foundation for peace in the Caucasus region.
Musical Preferences of the Modern Youth
Authors: Nemova Ol'ga Alekseevna , Svad'bina Tat'yana Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the issues of musical tastes and preferences of the modern student body of Nizhny Novgorod. The authors provide results of a sociological study “The Role of Music in the Youth’s Life” conducted on the basis of the Modern Family Research Laboratory of Minin Nizhni Novgorod State Pedagogical University in 2019 (N-300). By employing the quantitative sociological method combined with further data processing by the SPSS-21 computer programme, the researchers were able to identify the youth’s perception of modern music, determine their tastes and preferences, specify role and significance of the main agents influencing the process of musical socialisation.
Experience of Organizing Promotion and Graduation Exams in Schools of the Central Black Earth Region in 1932/33 Academic Year
Authors: Zlobin Andrei Nikolaevich
Published: May 2020

The paper considers organization and conduct of the first promotion and graduation exams in the Soviet school history. Scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that relying on previously unknown archival materials, the author for the first time examines organization of the knowledge assessment procedure within the framework of the Soviet school reform of the beginning of the 1930s. The researcher analyzes its legislative framework, specifics of preparation and implementation. The findings indicate that introducing exams into educational practice contributed to improving the educational process quality in schools of the Central Black Earth region and analysis of the first experience with their introduction promoted further development of positive trends in education.
Making Live and Letting Die in COVID-19: A Biopolitical Review
Authors: Randolph Ned
Published: May 2020

This
article applies discussions of biopolitics and rationalities by governments to make
live and let die as a heuristic for the speculative sorting of bodies and
their antibodies as state governments lurch toward reopening. It considers how
governments rationalize the elimination of certain populations in the name of
improving the vitality of the dominant group. This article is based on the theory by sociologist Michel Foucault, who called biopolitics the
application of “life-producing techniques” by the state.
Jurnal Perkembangan Perangkat Lunak Komputer
Authors: Syahnuridana Yunaliza
Published: May 2020

Perangkat lunak merupakan salah satu yang dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan komputer.
Tracking Stress, Mental Health and Resilience Factors in Medical Students, Before, During and After a Stress-Inducing Exam Period: Protocol and Proof of Principle Analyses for the RESIST Cohort-Study
Authors: Fritz Jessica , Stochl Jan , Kievit Rogier , Van Harmelen Anne-Laura , Wilkinson Paul
Published: May 2020

THIS IS A PRE-PRINT OF AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN “JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH, 5(6):e20128”. THE FINAL AUTHENTICATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: https://formative.jmir.org/2021/6/e20128Background: Knowledge on mental distress and resilience factors over the time span from before to after a stressor is important, to eventually be able to leverage the most promising resilience factors and promote mental health at the right time. To shed light on this topic we designed the RESIST study, in which we assessed medical students before, during and after their yearly exam period. Exam time is generally a period of notable stress in medical students and has been suggested to trigger mental distress.Objective: Here we describe the study protocol and examine whether the exam period did indeed induce higher perceived stress and mental distress. We additionally explore whether perceived stress and mental distress co-evolve in response to exams.Methods: RESIST is a cohort-study in which exam stress functions as within-subject natural stress manipulation. In this manuscript we outline the sample (N=451), procedure, assessed measures (including demographics, perceived stress, mental distress, 13 resilience factors and adversity) and ethical considerations. Moreover, we conducted a series of latent growth and bivariate latent change score models to analyse perceived stress and mental distress changes over the three time points.Results: We found that perceived stress and mental distress increase during exams compared to before exams, but decrease below pre-exam levels afterwards. Our findings further suggest that higher mental distress before the exams increased the risk of developing more perceived stress during exams. Higher perceived stress during exams in turn increased the risk for a less successful (or quick) recovery of mental distress after exams.Conclusion: As expected, the exam period caused a temporary increase in perceived stress and mental distress. Therefore, the RESIST study lends itself well to explore resilience factors in response to naturally-occurring exam stress. Such knowledge will eventually help to find out which resilience factors lend themselves best as prevention and which as treatment targets for the mitigation of mental health problems that are triggered or accelerated by natural exam stress. Findings from the RESIST study may therefore inform student support services, mental health services and resilience theory.
microwave frequency converter
Authors: Moss David
Published: May 2020

We report a broadband microwave frequency converterbased on a coherent Kerr optical micro-comb generatedby an integrated micro-ring resonator. The coherent micro-combdisplays features that are consistent with soliton crystal dynamicswith a free spectral range of 48.9 GHz.We use this to demonstratea high-performancemillimeter-wave local oscillator for microwavefrequency conversion. We experimentally verify the microwaveperformance up to 40 GHz, achieving a ratio of −6.8 dB betweenoutput radio frequency power and intermediate frequency powerand a spurious suppression ratio of >43.5 dB. The experimentalresults show good agreement with theory and verify the effectivenessof microwave frequency converters based on coherent opticalmicro-combs, with the ability to achieve reduced size, complexity,and potential cost.
small
Authors: Moss David
Published: May 2020

Layered 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are integrated with micro-ringresonators (MRRs) to experimentally demonstrate enhanced nonlinear optics.Both uniformly coated (1−5 layers) and patterned (10−50 layers) GO films areintegrated on complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatibledoped silica MRRs using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer GO coatingmethod with precise control of the film thickness. The patterned devices furtheremploy photolithography and lift-off processes to enable precise control of thefilm placement and coating length. Four-wave-mixing (FWM) measurementsfor different pump powers and resonant wavelengths show a significantimprovement in efficiency of 7.6 dB for a uniformly coated device with 1 GOlayer and 10.3 dB for a patterned device with 50 GO layers. The measurementsagree well with theory, with the enhancement in FWM efficiency resultingfrom the high Kerr nonlinearity and low loss of the GO films combined withthe strong light–matter interaction within the MRRs. The dependence of GO’sthird-order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extractedfrom the FWM measurements, revealing interesting physical insights aboutthe evolution of the GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk-like behavior.These results confirm the high nonlinear optical performance of integratedphotonic resonators incorporated with 2D layered GO films.
Morning brain: Real-world neural evidence that high school class times matter
Authors: Dikker Suzanne , Haegens Saskia , Bevilacqua Dana , Davidesco Ido , Wan Lu , Kaggen Lisa , McClintock James , Chaloner Kim , Ding Mingzhou , West Tessa Victoria , Poeppel David
Published: May 2020

Researchers, parents, and educators consistently observe a stark mismatch between biologically preferred and socially imposed sleep-wake hours in adolescents, fueling debate about high school start times. We contribute neural evidence to this debate with electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected from high school students during their regular morning, mid-morning and afternoon classes. Students’ baseline alpha brain activity decreased as the day progressed, consistent with adolescents being least attentive early in the morning. While students showed consistently worse performance and higher alpha power in the early morning classes, quiz scores and alpha levels in the afternoon varied by individual focus and class activity. Together, our findings demonstrate that class time is reflected in adolescents’ brain responsiveness in a real-world setting, and corroborate educational research suggesting that mid-morning may be the best time to learn.
Collinearity isn't a disease that needs curing
Authors: Vanhove Jan
Published: May 2020

Once they have learnt about the effects of collinearity on the output of multiple regression models, researchers may unduly worry about these and resort to (sometimes dubious) modelling techniques to mitigate them. I argue that, to the extent that problems occur in the presence of collinearity, they are not caused by it but rather by common mental shortcuts that researchers take when interpreting statistical models and that can also lead them astray in the absence of collinearity. Moreover, I illustrate that common strategies for dealing with collinearity only sidestep the perceived problem by biasing parameter estimates, reformulating the model in such a way that it maps onto different research questions, or both. I conclude that collinearity in itself is not a problem and that researchers should be aware of what their approaches for addressing it actually achieve.
A response surface analysis investigation of the effects of (mis)alignment between interpersonal values and efficacies on interpersonal problems
Authors: Kehl Madeline , Edershile Elizabeth A. , Hopwood Christopher James , Wright Aidan G.C.
Published: May 2020

Objective: Although the link between mismatched interpersonal values and efficacies and increased interpersonal problems would seem intuitive, previous research has not directly tested this association. This study provides a more comprehensive examination of this relationship than has previously been attempted while also providing a framework through which similar questions regarding intrapersonal mismatches may be investigated. Method: Using scales based in the interpersonal circumplex, we evaluate the values, efficacies and problems of two large samples (undergraduate N=1453, community N=1099), and use response surface analysis to model these variables and their various alignments.Results: We found that there were significant positive relationships between increased mismatches and increased problems in our primary models. We also found that extremity in both matches and mismatches predicted increased problems from the linear trend and that when focusing along an IPC dimension (e.g. warmth), a mismatch of values being greater than efficacies predicted reported problems with the opposite pole of the dimension (e.g., coldness). Conclusion: This study elaborates upon the relationship between values and efficacies, producing results that both align with previous work, and enriching the conceptualization of this relationship via the complexity allowed by the use of RSA.
Factors Predicting Willingness to Share COVID-19 Misinformation
Authors: Lobato Emilio Jon Christopher , Powell Maia , Padilla Lace , Holbrook Colin
Published: May 2020

We conducted a preregistered exploratory survey to assess whether patterns of individual differences in political orientation, social dominance orientation, traditionalism, conspiracy ideation, or attitudes about science predict willingness to share different kinds of misinformation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic online. Analyses revealed two orthogonal models of individual differences predicting the willingness to share misinformation over social media platforms. Both models suggest a sizable role of different aspects of political belief, particularly social dominance orientation, as predicting tendencies to share different kinds of misinformation, predominantly conspiracy theories. Though exploratory, results from this study can contribute to the formulation of a socio-cognitive profile of individuals who act as vectors for the spread of scientific misinformation online, and can be useful for computationally modeling misinformation diffusion.
Catastrophe compassion: Understanding and extending prosociality under crisis
Authors: zaki jamil
Published: May 2020

How do people behave when disasters strike? Popular media accounts depict panic and cruelty, but in fact, individuals often cooperate with and care for one another during crises. I summarize evidence for such “catastrophe compassion,” discuss its roots, and consider how it might be cultivated in more mundane times.