bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El uso del suelo y el recurso escaso del agua: un caso de estudio en la periferia rural de Chile
Authors: Muñoz Eduardo Jaime
Published: December 2021

Se presenta un estudio geográfico en el sector de Pedregal, comuna de Monte Patria, provincia del Limarí, Región de Coquimbo, Chile. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer y analizar el uso del espacio territorial en la unidad de estudio. Metodológicamente, se realizan salidas de campo, se toman fotografías de las actividades productivas que existen en el lugar, se describe el uso del territorio en cada una de las unidades del paisaje y con la ayuda del Google Earth y Arc Map (10.1) se confeccionan mapas y se realizan entrevistas a lugareños de la zona. Los resultados del estudio darán a conocer a las comunidades los usos del espacio para orientar de mejor manera políticas de desarrollo rural en la zona.
Venezolanos en Argentina
Authors: Fittipaldi Rosa Ángela , Adaro Germán Daniel , Del Cero Patricia
Published: December 2021

Los flujos migratorios en el mundo actual son muy intensos y responden a múltiples causas. En torno a la combinación de ellas se desarrollan varias tipologías que hacen a la complejidad del fenómeno migratorio. En el contexto de las migraciones intrarregionales en América cobra visibilidad, en los últimos cinco años, la migración forzada que impulsan miles de venezolanos, producto de la crisis política por la que atraviesa actualmente este país sudamericano, siendo a su vez, una migración de tipo calificada. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las características del flujo migratorio reciente de venezolanos hacia Bahía Blanca y las especificidades del espacio migratorio en construcción. Se aplica una metodología de tipo mixta, cuanti–cualitativa a partir de la información producida por diferentes fuentes, incluyendo también la vivencia personal desde una perspectiva situada. Se recurrió a un estudio de caso como referente local de las tendencias globales en torno a los movimientos migratorios recientes. Los venezolanos en el área de estudio conforman una comunidad que vislumbra características transnacionales, lo cual se puede corroborar a través de las diversas prácticas, actividades, experiencias de vida y sentidos subjetivos de estos grupos.
Editorial: E. J. Lowe’s Metaphysics and Philosophical Theology
Authors: Guta Mihretu P. , LaRock Eric
Published: December 2021

Edward Jonathan Lowe was one of the most distinguished metaphysicians of the last 50 plus years. He made immense contributions to analytic philosophy in as diverse areas as metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophical logic, history of Modern philosophy (especially on John Locke), and philosophy of religion
Design and Implementation of Distributed Controller Clustering for Solving the Issue of Single Failure in SDN Networks
Authors: Oleiwi Wed Kadhim , Abdullah Alharith A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Software-Defined Networks (SDN) It is a centralized control structure in the network that opens up new possibilities that did not exist before. The significant characteristic of this innovative approach is the focus on the capability of proposing networks of high dynamicity and programmability to transform the intelligence of underlying systems to the networks via controllers. The main issue of the SDN approach is found in its security, mainly due to its central-controlling architecture since the entire network is controlled from a central point. This makes it very vulnerable to single-point failure. In this paper, a fully Distributed SDN controller is proposed for solving the one point failure which exists within the single SDN controller. In general, the concept involves forming cluster of distributed controllers whereby each controller controls its domain and can thereby share the load within the network. The experimental results of the proposed system show an increase and enhancement in the performance of the network. The single-point failure issues have been overcome. The throughput of the proposed system increased with 20% while the packet loss rate was minimize with 33%.
PERBANDINGAN METODE DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING HOLT DAN FUZZY TIME SERIES CHEN UNTUK PERAMALAN HARGA PALADIUM
Authors: Selasakmida Anes Desduana , Tarno Tarno , Wuryandari Triastuti
Published: December 2021

Palladium is one of the precious metal commodities with the best performance since 3 years ago. Palladium has many benefits, including being used in the electronics, medical, jewelry and chemical industries. The benefits of palladium in the chemical field are that it can help speed up chemical reactions, filter out toxic gases in exhaust gases, and convert the gas into safer substances, so palladium is usually used as a catalyst for cars. Forecasting is a process of processing past data and projected for future interest using several mathematical models. The model used in this study is the Double Exponential Smoothing Holt and Fuzzy Time Series Chen methods. The process of forecasting palladium prices using monthly data from January 2011 to December 2020 with the Double Exponential Smoothing Holt method and the Fuzzy Time Series Chen method will be carried out in this study to describe the performance of the two methods. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the Double Exponential Smoothing Holt and Fuzzy Time Series Chen methods have equally good performance with sMAPE values of 6.21% for Double Exponential Smoothing Holt and 9.554% for Fuzzy Time Series Chen. Forecasting for the next 3 periods using these two methods generally produces forecasting values that are close to the actual data.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN ULASAN APLIKASI TIKTOK DI GOOGLE PLAY MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM) DAN ASOSIASI
Authors: Fide Sola , Suparti Suparti , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: December 2021

Corona virus pandemic requires people to do activities from home so the number of internet usage in Indonesia has increased because information is carried out through social media. One of the popular social media in Indonesia is TikTok. However, the Tiktok’s popularity cannot be separated from the footsteps of TikTok in Indonesia which was blocked by government for committing many violations. Each application allows users to provide a review about the application. To find out the users TikTok’s sentiment, sentiment analysis was carried out to classify reviews into positive and negative sentiments. Classification is carried out using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with kernel Radial Basis Function (RBF) method which is more effective classification algorithm and kernel function, seen from previous studies. The parameters used in the SVM gamma default 0.0004255 and the Cost (C) parameter experiment used is 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10; 100; 1000. The  results can provide information that can be retrieved using the association method. The steps are scrapping data, data preprocessing, sentiment scoring, TF-IDF weighting, classifying using the SVM RBF kernel method and text association. Evaluation of the model using a confusion matrix with the value of accuracy and kappa. The greater the value of accuracy and kappa, the better the performance of the classification model. The review classification resulted in the best accuracy rate of 90.62% and the best kappa of 81.24% which means that it includes an almost perfect classification result. Based on the data association, positive reviews are given because users like and are comfortable with the current version of TikTok which contains funny videos on fyp. Meanwhile, negative reviews were given because the user failed to register and his account was blocked, so the user asked TikTok to continue to make improvements.
"Some Corner of a Foreign Field That Is [Not] For Ever England”: Brexit and Poetry
Authors: Klepuszewski Wojciech
Published: December 2021

Although it would be absurd to compare the 2016 Brexit referendum and whatever happened in its aftermath to the tragedy of the Great War, surprising as it may seem, the two have something in common. This is so because the 1914–1918 period triggered a flood of poetry, written not only by established literary figures, but also by thousands of civilians who found it a means of expressing their emotions. By the same token, the post-referendum years produced a poetic response on the part of ordinary citizens. This article tries to take a closer look at how once again British citizens turn to poetry to voice their fears and frustration.
O systemach wartości, zaangażowaniu i objaśnianiu Niemcom kryzysowej Polski przez polsko-niemieckie pisarki z Berlina: Brygidę Helbig-Mischewski i Emilię Smechowski
Authors: Zduniak-Wiktorowicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Artykuł traktuje o motywacjach i sposobach pisarskiego zaangażowania w relacje polsko-niemieckie autorek, które pochodzą z Polski, tworzą w Berlinie, ale reprezentują różne generacje twórców związanych biograficznie z Niemcami i Polską (Brygida Helbig-Mischewski, Emilia Smechowski). Twórczości te i towarzyszące im aktywności w przestrzeni publicznej w obu krajach (zabieranie głosu w największych mediach) pozostają w ścisłym związku z okołobrexitowym kryzysem wartości w Europie.
Brexit on Stage: Two Verbatim Projects in Progress
Authors: Kębłowska-Ławniczak Ewa
Published: December 2021

The article deals with two post-Referendum projects launched by British national organizations, the National Theatre and the Guardian with Headlong, whose task was to reflect more accurately on a broader range of current British experience. The projects were written in response to questions on whether national artistic institutions, the subsidized “complex culture,” have not been out of touch with the rest of the country, notably the post-Referendum crisis. Both projects set out to research the crisis with documentary and quasi-documentary methods, to involve in an exercise in “listening” and to focus on polarisation, voter fatigue and lack of trust. The article concentrates on the two projects as variants of political theatre and on the ways they use the verbatim method in their attempts to diagnose and understand the crisis arguing, further on, that the effects differ, leading either to populism or to empathetic understanding and reconciliation.
Private Experience and Public-Spirited Critique: Brexit-Era Britain in the Recent Poetry of Vidyan Ravinthiran and Nicholas Hagger
Authors: Pomeroy Jeremy
Published: December 2021

Two starkly different aspects of the Brexit phenomenon may be seen in the recent work of two British poets, Vidyan Ravinthiran and Nicholas Hagger. Ravinthiran’s most recent book consists of love sonnets composed for his wife. These are addressed to an intimate “you” which, upon publication, is expanded to vicariously include his readership. In the course of their everyday life as a mixed-race couple in northern England, the context of Brexit occasionally intrudes. When it leads him to communicate something to his wife, the poet organically transcribes these experiences. While ultimately a secondary (if often inescapable) theme in Ravinthiran’s sonnet sequence, the Brexit negotiations are the leitmotif of Hagger’s Fools’ Paradise. Taking his cue from the sixteenth and seventeenth century mock epic, the poet offers an erudite satire excoriating a short-sighted political class. Hagger appears to move easily in such circles, presumably due to the diplomatic and intelligence contacts in his past. Assuming the guise of an insider or pundit, “your poet” provides a meticulous, tactical critique of the inefficacy of foolish parliamentarians.
Travelling Europe, Travelling through Crisis: Disintegrated Journeys in Dorota Masłowska’s A Couple of Poor, Polish-Speaking Romanians and Zinnie Harris’s How To Hold Your Breath
Authors: Lachman Michal
Published: December 2021

The article reflects on the issues of European social, political and ethical disintegration by looking at two plays which represent both geographic and mental migration of European citizens. Zinnie Harris’s play dramatizes a journey by an energetic businesswoman from the state of seeming success to the condition of collapse of the entire continent. Masłowska’s drama tells the story of a couple who have lost their geographic but also existential bearings after a prolonged bout of drug abuse and partying. The article aims at presenting the European continent as a space of alienated social and personal experience, as a community of people in permanent exile from both the private space and the public ideologies. The two plays offer a reflection on the condition of pre-Brexit Europe with the power of capturing representative lives of those individuals who have lost the sense of the common cause.
Szanse i zagrożenia u progu emerytury: sytuacja starszego pokolenia w kontekście więzi rodzinnych i solidarności międzypokoleniowej
Authors: Szymborski Paweł
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań dotyczących relacji międzypokoleniowych w związku z sytuacją seniorów u progu wieku emerytalnego i wyzwaniami demograficznymi. Badanie – będące elementem szerszego projektu wielopokoleniowych badań longitudinalnych – obejmowało dwie zbiorowości reprezentujące pokolenie senioralne (60-latkowie) i respondentów w wieku ich dorosłych dzieci (38-40-latkowie). Dzięki temu można było poznać perspektywę obu sąsiadujących ze sobą grup jako ogniwa ciągu genealogicznego pokoleń, rozumianych tu jednak nieco szerzej – jako zbiorowości ukształtowane przez odmienne okoliczności społeczno-kulturowe i reprezentujące odmienny socjalizacyjny efekt: specyficzne wartości, orientacje życiowe, postawy wobec rodziny i zobowiązań rodzinnych czy polityczne poglądy. W centrum zainteresowań pozostaje starsza generacja, a stawiane pytania dotyczą szans bycia zaopiekowanym ze względu na gotowość do takiej pomocy ze strony młodszego pokolenia. W szukaniu odpowiedzi na te pytania skonfrontowane zostały ze sobą a) sytuacja materialna, zdrowotna i rodzinna obu pokoleń, b) zmienne społeczno-demograficzne mogące mieć wpływ na sytuację życiową, c) postawy względem rodziny wskaźnikowe dla solidarności międzypokoleniowej, d) kontekst socjalizacyjny i orientacje życiowe oraz e) subiektywny odbiór świata społecznego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz zidentyfikowano grupy, opierając się głównie na cechach statusowych i demograficznych, do których polityka publiczna (zdrowotna, wspierająca instytucję rodziny), mogłaby szczególnie dostosować ofertę wsparcia.
Kategoria słuszności w polskim orzecznictwie sądowym
Authors: Smyczek-Gołębiewska Sara
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest filozoficzno-prawna analiza kategorii słuszności w orzecznictwie polskich sądów. Autorka wyróżnia dwa główne sposoby powoływania się na słuszność przez sądy: 1) pośredni – przez zastosowanie przepisu zawierającego klauzulę generalną wskazującą na słuszność lub na inne wartości oraz 2) bezpośredni – wskutek dobrowolnego powołania się na słuszność w ramach dyskrecjonalnej władzy sędziego. Autorka przedstawia przykłady z orzecznictwa polskiego pokazujące, w jakim celu sądy powołują się na słuszność z własnej inicjatywy. Odwołanie do słuszności może zarówno potwierdzać rezultaty przeprowadzonej wykładni, jak i się im sprzeciwiać. Sądy wykorzystują argument ze słuszności także w uzasadnieniu cząstkowych decyzji kluczowych dla podjęcia ostatecznego rozstrzygnięcia, a nawet przy mniej wiążących ustaleniach (jak np. postulatach za zmianą prawa). W zakończeniu sformułowane są wnioski dotyczące rozumienia słuszności a casu ad casum oraz wykraczaniu w tym względzie praktyki orzeczniczej poza ramy nakreślone przez ustawodawcę. Autorka formułuje wniosek, że w wielu przypadkach sąd nadaje znaczenie słuszności dopiero na etapie stosowania prawa, podczas procesu interpretacji i dobierania argumentów na potrzeby orzeczenia. Ponadto wyprowadza konkluzję, że sądy często odwołują się do słuszności z pominięciem wyjaśnienia tego pojęcia czy uzasadnienia jego zastosowania. W związku z tym, można pokusić się o refleksję, że niemożliwe jest uniknięcie choć niewielkiej dozy subiektywizmu przy odwołaniu się do słuszności.
Kilka uwag o wykładni celowościowej w prawie ochrony środowiska
Authors: Łazor Marek
Published: December 2021

Prawo ochrony środowiska to jedna z niewielu gałęzi prawa, w których rośnie obecnie rola wykładni celowościowej. System wartości oddziaływujący na ten proces podlega dynamicznym przekształceniom zarówno ze względu na rodzaj, jak i skalę pojawiających się zagrożeń środowiskowych. Błędna identyfikacja celów, czy też w ogóle ich pominięcie przy pojawiających się wątpliwościach interpretacyjnych, co do kształtu normy prawnej, może zaburzać, czy nawet paraliżować funkcjonowanie określonych instytucji prawnych. W praktyce przekłada się to na zwiększenie stopnia występujących zagrożeń środowiskowych. Doniosłość kontekstu aksjologicznego przesadza o tym, że celem artykułu jest nie tylko dążenie do wyeksponowania rangi wykładni celowościowej w tym obszarze, ale także zwrócenie uwagi na przydatność określonego schematu postępowania interpretacyjnego. Tłem dla poczynionych w niniejszym opracowaniu rozważań jest ogólna analiza systemu wartości oraz celów występujących w prawie ochrony środowiska oraz ich odniesienie do stosownych poglądów i koncepcji ugruntowanych w teorii prawa. Zastosowana metoda badawcza opiera się w głównej mierze na przeglądzie głównych założeń celowościowych występujących w derywacyjnej koncepcji wykładni prawa Macieja Zielińskiego oraz próbie ich zestawienia z twierdzeniami doktryny prawa ochrony środowiska odnoszącymi się do celu normy prawnej. Przyjęta konstrukcja ma za zadanie uwodnić tezę, że derywacyjna koncepcja wykładni prawa Macieja Zielińskiego może być najbardziej adekwatnym narzędziem do interpretacji norm prawa ochrony środowiska. Jej struktura teoretycznoprawna, odnosząca się zwłaszcza do odtwarzania celów i innych wartości z tekstu prawnego, potwierdza wskazane założenie badawcze.
Uiszczenie grzywny za pracownika – poplecznictwo, niegospodarność czy jedynie wykroczenie?
Authors: Długosz-Jóźwiak Joanna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę karnoprawnego wartościowania zachowania profesjonalnego menedżera przedsiębiorcy, polegającego na uiszczeniu za pracownika grzywny wymierzonej mu za popełnienie przestępstwa lub wykroczenia powszechnego, w wyniku czego dochodzi do udaremnienia efektu oddziaływania kary jako osobistej dolegliwości wymierzanej sprawcy czynu karalnego oraz do utraty aktywów przedsiębiorcy. Celem rozważań jest rozstrzygnięcie, czy przedsiębiorca może udzielić ochrony prawnej pracownikowi, który, podejmując czynności służbowe na rzecz przedsiębiorcy, dopuszcza się czynu karalnego, a w szczególności, czy menedżer, podejmując decyzję o poniesieniu grzywny za pracownika, nie naraża się na odpowiedzialność karną za niegospodarne zarządzanie majątkiem przedsiębiorcy (art. 296 k.k.). W opracowaniu wykorzystano formalno-dogmatyczną metodę badań, co jest determinowane ich przedmiotem. We wnioskach końcowych wskazano, że uiszczenie grzywny przez menedżera nie wyczerpuje ustawowych znamion przestępstwa poplecznictwa (art. 239 § 1 k.k.); w niektórych przypadkach może jednak zostać zakwalifikowane jako przestępstwo niegospodarności z art. 296 k.k.
Klauzula przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania: norma, do której stosowania zobowiązany jest podatnik, czy regulacja stosowana wyłącznie przez organ podatkowy?
Authors: Kondej Mikołaj , Pietrusiewicz Jakub
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu pozostaje analiza, czy do stosowania przepisów klauzuli przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania, w szczególności w świetle zmian obowiązujących od 1 stycznia 2019 r., jest zobowiązany sam podatnik w toku samoobliczenia podatku, czy też może ją zastosować jedynie organ podatkowy w toku postępowania podatkowego. Autorzy w tekście dowodzą, iż norma ogólna przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania znajduje zastosowanie ex lege i że do jej stosowania jest zobowiązany sam podatnik w toku ustalania wymiaru obciążającego podatku. Krytykują oni tezę przeciwną zawartą w uzasadnieniu projektu ustawy wprowadzającej od 1 stycznia 2019 r. zmiany do Ordynacji podatkowej, wskazując, iż przyjęta w nim interpretacja przeciwna prowadzi do sprzeczności przepisów prawa.
Senex sapiens et senex stupidus – wykorzystanie figury starca w alegorycznych kreacjach Sędziego, Lichwy i Alchemii w podręczniku Franza Langa SI „De actione scenica”, 1727
Authors: Zaborowska-Musiał Justyna
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the analysis of the role and importance of the figure of an old man in the allegorical images of Judge (Iudex), Usury (Foeneratio) and Alchemy (Alchimia) proposed by the Jesuit lecturer, playwright, and author of theatrical performances and drama theatre theorist, Franz Lang in his very important (it marked an high point of theatrical outpoot) handbook of acting De actione scenica published in Munich in 1727.
Trumpism and the European Far Right: An Analysis of Trumpism’s Impact on the Post-2016 AfD, Lega Nord, and Fidesz
Authors: Fusiek Dawid Aristotelis , Marconi Cecilia
Published: December 2021

The paper aims at investigating the relationship between Trumpism and the European far-right parties. The combination of shared ideological cores with the confrontation of similar “enemies” has resulted in the creation of an unprecedented relationship, wherein Trump takes the role of “international godfather” and inspiration for the European far right. To examine this relation, the paper focuses on references to Donald Trump and his policies and statements from 2016 to 2020 in the discourse of Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), Hungarian Civilian Alliance (Fidesz), and Lega Nord (Lega). The examination of the discourse of the three parties about security, immigration, foreign policy, and corruption shows that these parties have utilised Trumpism in three manners. Firstly, they have employed Trumpism to normalise certain pre-existing far-right ideologies and practices within their national and European context. Secondly, they have emulated Trump’s discourse and policies to capitalise on his popularity and support their national endeavours. Thirdly, they have used Trump’s fight and ideas to justify national measures, beliefs, criticism, or political goals. This paper thus aims to establish the leitmotifs governing the use of Trumpism by European far right to set the framework for future more critical analyses and a better understanding of this unprecedented relationship.
Zintegrowany Przegląd Strategiczny „Globalna Brytania w dobie konkurencyjności” i jego znaczenie dla Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Authors: Woźniak Martyna
Published: December 2021

Zintegrowany Przegląd został opublikowany 16 marca 2021 roku wraz z przedmową premiera, jednak nie był on jedynym dokumentem na temat polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa. Towarzyszył mu wydany tydzień później akt zatytułowany Obrona w konkurencyjnym wieku. Jak sam Boris Johnson twierdzi, jest to najambitniejszy plan strategiczny, jaki Wielka Brytania opracowała od czasów zakończenia zimnej wojny. Poza zwracaniem uwagi na swe ambicje bycia potęgą naukową i technologiczną, przodowania w dziedzinie cyberbezpieczeństwa oraz ochrony środowiska, Brytyjczycy w Przeglądzie Strategicznym określają, jak widzą obecne i przyszłe stosunki na arenie międzynarodowej z innymi państwami. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wizji Globalnej Brytanii, przedstawionej w postaci dokumentu pt. Globalna Brytania w dobie konkurencyjności: zintegrowany przegląd bezpieczeństwa, obrony, rozwoju i polityki zagranicznej, pod kątem jego znaczenia dla Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.
Optimization-based transient control of turbofan engines: a sequential quadratic programming approach
Authors: Wang Jiqiang , Hu Huan , Zhang Weicun , Hu Zhongzhi
Published: December 2021

Engine transient control has been challenging due to its stringent requirements from both performance and safety. Many methodologies have been proposed such as conventional schedule-based methods, linear parameter varying, multiobjective optimization and evolutionary computations etc. These approaches have been well-established and led to a series of significant results. However, they are either not providing limit protection or requiring exhaustive computational resources, particularly when generating results into full flight envelope applications. Consequently a compromise between limit protection and computational complexity is necessitated. This note considers a sequential quadratic programming (SQP)-based method for full flight envelope investigations. The proposed method can provide important design guidance and the corresponding claims are validated through detailed analysis and simulations.
Stochastic Properties of Spontaneous Synaptic Transmission at Individual Active Zones
Authors: Astacio Herson , Vasin Alexander , Bykhovskaia Maria
Published: December 2021

Using postsynaptically tethered calcium sensor GCaMP, we investigated spontaneous synaptic transmission at individual active zones (AZs) at theDrosophila(both sexes) neuromuscular junction. Optical monitoring of GCaMP events coupled with focal electrical recordings of synaptic currents revealed “hot spots” of spontaneous transmission, which corresponded to transient states of elevated activity at selected AZs. The elevated spontaneous activity had two temporal components, one at a timescale of minutes and the other at a subsecond timescale. We developed a three-state model of AZ preparedness for spontaneous transmission and performed Monte Carlo simulations of the release process, which produced an accurate quantitative description of the variability and time course of spontaneous transmission at individual AZs. To investigate the mechanisms of elevated activity, we first focused on the protein complexin, which binds the SNARE protein complex and serves to clamp spontaneous fusion. Overexpression ofDrosophilacomplexin largely abolished the high-activity states of AZs, while complexin deletion drastically promoted it. A mutation in the SNARE protein Syntaxin-1A had an effect similar to complexin deficiency, promoting the high-activity state. We next tested how presynaptic Ca2+transients affect the states of elevated activity at individual AZs. We either blocked or promoted Ca2+influx pharmacologically, and also promoted Ca2+release from internal stores. These experiments coupled with computations revealed that Ca2+transients can trigger bursts of spontaneous events from individual AZs or AZ clusters at a subsecond timescale. Together, our results demonstrated that spontaneous transmission is highly heterogeneous, with transient hot spots being regulated by the SNARE machinery and Ca2+.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpontaneous synaptic transmission is a vital component of neuronal communication, since it regulates the neuronal development and plasticity. Our study demonstrated that spontaneous transmission is highly heterogeneous and that nerve terminals create transient “hot spots” of spontaneous release of neuronal transmitters. We show that these hot spots are regulated by the protein machinery mediating the release process and by calcium ions. These results contribute to our understanding of spontaneous synaptic transmission as a dynamic, plastic, and tightly regulated signaling mechanism and unravel fundamental biophysical properties of neuronal communication.
Comparative Study between Imprinted Polymer Technology and Economic Adsorption Methodologies for the Removal of Arsenic Species from Water
Authors: Abu Samah Nurlin
Published: December 2021

Among the various arsenic sources in the environment, water may pose the greatest threat to human health. Arsenic and its compounds are known to have adverse health effects on humans, including skin cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and lung cancer, as well as vascular diseases of the legs and feet. There are a few separation methods that have been studied to remove arsenic species from water. Methods to remove arsenic species such as adsorption and ion exchange, coagulation and flocculation and membrane filtration have been developed to remove arsenic species from water. However, certain separation methods require a sophisticated equipment and are too expensive. From the different possible methods, this review is based in adsorption studies using imprinted polymer technology and economic sorbents as a media to remove arsenic from water. The details of adsorption processes for imprinted polymer technology have been discussed briefly and the comparative properties for arsenic species removal using different types of sorbents has been addressed significantly for being a user-friendly, highly extended and inexpensive methodology. However, a few drawbacks for each sorbent have been determined and the details was included in this review.
Do implants closed with healing cap show less marginal bone loss after first year?
Authors: BEYLER Esra , ALTIPARMAK Nur , SOYDAN Sıdıka
Published: December 2021

Background: Early peri-implant crestal bone loss during the healing period and the first year on function, is often greater than the bone loss occurring in the following years. Several factors affecting marginal bone loss have been described; such as surgical trauma, flapped or flapless procedures, occlusal overload, microgap and implant crest module. The aim of this study; was to compare the amount of first year peri-implant bone loss in implants closed with cover screw or healing cap. Material and Methods: Patients with same brand, posterior single tooth implants included in this prospective study and divided into two groups. In group I, after implant placement healing cap was placed while in group II, cover screw was placed before primary closure. Panoramic radiographs, taken before and after the implant surgery and after 1 year follow up, were used in bone loss evaluations. Peri-implant bone loss measurements were performed digitally in computer assisted software programme. Results: Thirty implants included in the study with fourteen implants in group I and sixteen implants in group II. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications and no implant failure in all patients. After the first year, mean marginal bone loss was 0.7014 mm (0.2477 mm standard deviation) in group I and 1.3156 mm (0.0943 mm standard deviation) in group II. This 0.6142 mm difference was found statistically significant. Conclusion: Placing healing cap instead of cover screws may prevent periosteal tissue pressure on the crestal bone and reduce the amount of marginal peri-implant bone in the first year.
Exchange-Traded Funds
Authors: Wiedemann Arnd , Hertrampf Patrick , Dörnemann Niklas
Published: December 2021

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) sind sowohl für professionelle Investoren als auch für Privatanleger eine beliebte Anlageform. Mit ihnen können gezielt ganze Märkte oder bestimmte Themen abgebildet werden. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die verschiedenen Arten von ETFs, analysiert ihre Funktionsweise und gibt Einblicke in die mit dieser Anlageform verbundenen Risiken.
Überfordert Corona den Föderalismus?
Authors: Schaltegger Christoph A. , Schelker Mark
Published: December 2021

Föderalismus ist krisentauglich. Er erlaubt Unterschiede in Geografie, Wirtschaftsstruktur und Präferenzen effizient in politische Entscheidungen einfließen zu lassen. Bei großer Unsicherheit über die richtige Politikmaßnahme hilft er, das Risiko zu glätten und aus der Vielzahl von dezentralen Maßnahmen schnell zu lernen. Die Bedingungen für das Funktionieren föderalistischer Ordnungen liegen aber in der konsequenten Durchsetzung der institutionellen Kongruenz: Kompetenz und Verantwortung müssen auf der gleichen Staatsebene angesiedelt sein.
Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktchancen aus soziologischer und ökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Hausner Karl Heinz , Stölner Robert
Published: December 2021

Auch 20 Jahre nach der ersten PISA-Studie zeigen sich weiterhin massive Bildungsungleichheiten in Deutschland. Nichtmeritokratische Kriterien wie die soziale Herkunft beeinflussen die Bildungschancen der Kinder und Jugendlichen. Angesichts der Korrelation zwischen Bildungsstand und beruflichem Erfolg ein seit Jahren alarmierender Befund. Dabei können gezielte Bildungsinvestitionen auf individueller Ebene wirken und gesellschaftliche Kosten verringern.
Fallstudie zur Fabrikplanung im Greenfield
Authors: Berneis Moritz , Winkler Herwig
Published: December 2021

Das fiktive regionale Unternehmen SMB plant die Schubkarrenproduktion eines Kunden zu übernehmen und benötigt dafür eine neue Fertigungshalle. In der vorliegenden Fallstudie planen Sie als Projektleiter eines Beratungsunternehmens der SMB eine neue Produktion im „Greenfield“. Eine Musterlösung zu den gestellten Aufgaben enthält Teil 2 im folgenden WiSt-Heft, Nr. 2-3/2022.
Die Einsicht in die Notwendigkeit der Transformation einer Organisation reicht für deren Erfolg nicht aus
Authors: Adlmaier-Herbst Georg , Baumöl Ulrike
Published: December 2021

Seit mehr als 30 Jahren scheitern viele Veränderungsprozesse in Unternehmen. Aktuellen Studien zufolge sinkt sogar die Erfolgsquote von erfolgreichen Veränderungsprojekten durch die enormen Anforderungen durch die Digitalisierung. Hauptgrund ist die fehlende Unterstützung durch die Beteiligten – Manager und Mitarbeitende. Um diese zu erlangen, ist die Überzeugungsarbeit meist an rationalen Appellen ausgerichtet. Diese sollen verdeutlichen, dass in kurzer Zeit sehr viel geschehen muss. Der Erfolg ist eher mäßig. Selbst, wenn die Transformation als erforderlich erkannt wird, lehnen viele Beteiligte die Transformation ab. Woran liegt das?
Anwendung und Ausgestaltung der Balanced Scorecard in Familienunternehmen
Authors: Bürgel Tobias R. , Hiebl Martin R. W. , Pielsticker David I.
Published: December 2021

Bislang ist bekannt, dass Familienunternehmen seltener als Nicht-Familienunternehmen eine Balanced Scorecard (BSC) einsetzen. Gleichwohl bietet die BSC gerade für Familienunternehmen mitunter spezifische Vorteile. Wir untersuchen daher in diesem Beitrag, inwieweit Familienunternehmen diese Vorteile bereits nutzen und wie die Ausgestaltung der BSC sich generell von jener in Nicht-Familienunternehmen unterscheidet. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Familienunternehmen bereits jetzt ihre BSCs etwas individueller ausgestalten als Nicht-Familienunternehmen, dass Familienunternehmen aber gleichzeitig noch stärker einzelne Komponenten und damit die potenziellen Vorzüge der BSC nutzen könnten.
Vom Zeitungsverlag zum subventionierten Medienhaus?
Authors: Breyer-Mayländer Thomas
Published: December 2021

Im Jahr 2020 sollten für den Zeitungssektor im Rahmen der coronabedingten Neuordnung der Bundesförderungen40 Mio. Euro für die Zustellförderung bereitgestellt werden. Im Rahmen der kontroversen Diskussion um diese direkte staatliche Förderung der Zeitungsbranche wandelte sich die geplante Förderung in ein 220 Mio. Euro-Pogramm zur Unterstützung der digitalen Transformation von Presseverlagen (Deutscher Bundestag 2020c). Im April 2021 erklärte das Bundeswirtschaftsministerium die geplante 220-Millionen-Presseförderung für gescheitert – es wolle das Hilfspaket „nach intensiver Prüfung“ nicht weiterverfolgen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblick in die kontroverse Diskussion um die Frage einer direkten staatlichen Pressförderung und stellt sie in den Kontext der wirtschaftlichen und medienpolitischen Kernfrage, „wie sich publizisitsche Inhalte in Zeiten der Disruption etablierter Geschäftsmodelle noch finanzieren lassen“ (Jarren, Künzler & Puppis 2019: 421).
Aspects of the Epigraphic Culture of Cannon Inscriptions during the Reign of Sigismund Augustus
Authors: Tolkačevski Kšištof
Published: December 2021

Any object marked with epigraphic writing becomes unique in the totality of the same objects and acquires the status of a monument. In the 16th century, cannons were also marked with inscriptions (texts and images): some were created for warfare, others – to commemorate a certain event. During the reign of Sigismund Augustus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania created the necessary infrastructure for cannon casting, which allowed it to produce large numbers of cannons to prepare for its war with the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The article attempts to reconstruct inscriptions on cannons using original and published archival sources stored in memory institutions in foreign countries (Poland, Sweden). An appendix covering 67 cannon records made it possible to perceive the structure of such inscriptions. Meanwhile, with the help of the ego-documentary legacy of the last Jagiellonian ruler, it was possible to study the functionality of cannon recordings in the context of epigraphic culture, paying special attention to the stages of the record’s emergence. This has so far been little studied at all. The collected data allowed to reach the conclusion that it was the ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who directly influenced the form, names, and content of the inscriptions on cannons.
Peran Etika Egoisme Sebagai Pemoderasi Pengaruh Keefektifan Pengendalian Internal dan Profesionalisme Auditor Internal Terhadap Pengungkapan Fraud
Authors: Tuti Riyas , Mulyani Susi Dwi
Published: December 2021

Fraud disclosure is needed for companies to avoid actions that can harm the company. This study aims to analyze the effect of internal control effectiveness and internal auditor professionalism on fraud disclosure by using a moderating variable, namely ethics-egoism. The data had been obtained from the perceptions of accounting students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Trisakti University. The sample had been obtained by purposive sampling method is 114 respondents. The results show that the internal control effectiveness has a positive effect on fraud disclosure, while the internal auditor professionalism has no effect on fraud. The results of this study also prove that ethics of selfishness as a moderating variable is able to weaken the effect of the internal control effectiveness on fraud disclosure, but is not able to weaken the effect of internal auditor professionalism auditors on fraud disclosure.
The Effect of Fraud Pentagon on Fraudulent Financial Statement of Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Mega Arisia
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of financial targets, financial stability, external pressure, effective monitoring, nature of industry, change in auditors, rationalization, change of company directors, CEO’s Picture on fraudulent banking financial statements in Indonesia for 2014-2019. This study uses the dependent variable, namely fraudulent financial reporting, while the independent variables are financial targets, financial stability, external pressure, effective monitoring, nature of industry, change in auditors, rationalization, competence and arrogance. The show that the variable financial targets, change in auditors, change of directors and CEO’s picture have no effect on the detection of fraudulent financial statements. Meanwhile, financial stability, external pressure, ineffective monitoring, nature of industry, and rationalization have an effect on the detection of fraud in financial reports for 2014-2019. The results of this study provide an understanding for the public and the general public that the government’s efforts so far have always played a major role in maintaining the condition of the Indonesian economy in order to avoid attempts to cheat financial statements.
Internet methodology - difficulties and opportunities offered by the Internet in conducting research. Analysis of the phenomenon in the light of the literature on the subject
Authors: FRĄCZKOWSKA KINGA
Published: December 2021

Aim. A theoretical review of the opportunities and functions of the application enabling the creation of internet surveys. Assessment of their use in accordance with own opinion and the analysis of the literature on the subject.Methods. Analysis of the literature on the subject and a summary of the description of the survey conducted on the basis of a questionnaire examining the interesting phenomenon of e-methodology and an opinion on distance learning. The authors analysed the advantages and disadvantages of the tools used in online research. The aforementioned experiences of the researchers refer to the experience gained during research on e-methodology.Results and conclusion. The interest in this medium as a tool for social and psychological research has been growing rapidly in the last ten years. The very rapid development of technology that has taken place during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to easilyconduct a research survey using the network, which can easily replace any labour-intensive data collection through inquiry. In addition, many different tools and techniques have been created that use the so-called “Global spider web” in conducting my own research. Theresearcher abandons direct contact with the respondent and devotes himself to the analysis of the phenomenon that interests him by analysing the given Internet environment, social groups that express themselves on a given topic or share their work on specifi c problems. However, the global network is not only a chance for good, innovative approach to research, but also threats and related difficulties. One of the most important weaknesses of the network is the fact that we can never be sure who is on the other end of the computer.Cognitive value. Presentation of new ways of conducting scientific research via the network, presenting my own analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the e-methodology phenomenon. Analysing the phenomenon of internet methodology, welearn that the tendency to participate in internet research is increasing. However, motivation to participate in internet research is not always sufficient, as mentioned by many researchers. There are many ways to infl uence the attractiveness of the research and the motivation to participate in the research. Thanks to this article, we also learn that it is still necessary to conduct further methodological research on increasing the effectiveness of Internet research and minimising errors associated with it. The issues presented in this article reflect the current methodological knowledge. We can predict that as the Internet grows and new technical opportunities emerge - such as video-enabled applications, among others - new methodological issues will arise that may be of interest to researchers.
Painkillers among people aged 20-30 according to questionnaires
Authors: CIECIORA KATARZYNA , PAPIERKOWSKA ROKSANA
Published: December 2021

Aim. Painkillers are one of the most widespread drugs on the pharmaceutical market, individual analgesics belong to the OTC (over-the-counter drug) group, which are also available outside pharmacies. The universality and wide availability of painkillers posea real problem of medication errors. The aim of the study was to examine the attitude of people aged 20-30 to taking painkillers and to examine the level of knowledge of the respondents about them.Method. The study involved 70 people aged 20-30 who voluntarily fi lled in an original electronic questionnaire, which included the attitude of people of this age to taking  medications and questions assessing their knowledge about the medications they take. It included questions about the type of drugs taken, frequency, intensity of pain at which the respondents took analgesics and knowledge about possible adverse effects in the case of long-term use of analgesics or their overdose. The most numerous age group were people aged 20-30, they constituted 55.7% of the respondents. People aged 24-27 accounted for 24.3%, while 20% were people aged 28-30. Most respondents showed that their current place of residence is a city with over 500,000 inhabitants. Most of the respondents had secondary education and it amounted to 51.4%.Results and conclusion. As many as 85.7% of people take painkillers. 35.7% of the respondents take medication once a month, while 34.3% take medication less frequently than once a month. 60.9% of people know the effects of chronic overuse of painkillers, butas many as 39.1% of respondents have a knowledge defi cit in this regard. The study found that 89.9% of people aged 20-30 know how to safely use painkillers, only 10.1% do not know in this regard. Most people in this age group use drugs when the intensity of pain is 4, which means that the most numerous group of people takes drugs when the intensity of pain is very high. This indicates that drugs are not taken without necessity, which results in their chronic non-use, as a result of which the risk of side effectscaused by overuse of painkillers is minimised. The study showed that 35.7% take painkillers once a month and 34.3% less than oncea month. Mostly women take medication once a month, this could possibly be associated with menstrual pain. The survey shows that 60.9% of people know the effects of chronic overuse of painkillers. It follows that most of the respondents know the consequences ofoverusing painkillers, but a large proportion of people in this age group show a defi cit of knowledge about what is dangerous to their health, therefore it is necessary to educate people aged 20-30 years in this regard.Cognitive value. The conducted research shows the attitude of young people toward painkillers. The cognitive value is the selection of a specifi c research group which from an early age, has the possibility to observe easy and wide access to analgesics.
Effects of salinity and food on growth and survival rate of mangrove snail (\(\textit{Nerita balteata}\) Reeve, 1885) at the spat larvae stage
Authors: Vu Trong Dai , Pham Thi Khanh , Mai Nhu Thuy , Ho Son Lam
Published: December 2021

Mangrove snail (Nerita balteata) belongs to gastropoda species distributed in the coastal intertidal and offshore islands of Quang Ninh province. Although the artificial seeds production of this species have been successful but still having a bottle neck as a low survival rate in the process by veliger larvae are transformed into spat larvae stage. Experiments were conducted to determine effects of salinity and food on growth rate and survival rate of mangrove snail in the stage of spat larvae in Quang Ninh province. The results showed that the optimal salinity for growth and developtment of spat larvae was 25‰ that resulted in a absoluted growth rate of 16.5 ± 2.19 µm/day and survival rate of 26.5 ± 0.57% and significantly higher compared to other treatments. The diet of benthic microalgae (Navicula sp.) combined with formulated feed (AP0 and Frippak) were most suitable for the growth and development of mangrove snail at the spat larvae stage with absoluted growth rate of 25,7 ± 1,28 µm/day; Whereas the survival rate of larvae of 32,3 ± 2,52% was significantly higher than those in the other treatments.
Seasonal variation of suspended sediment and its relationship with turbidity in Cam - Nam Trieu estuary, Hai Phong (Vietnam)
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hai , Ouillon Sylvain , Vu Duy Vinh
Published: December 2021

We analyzed the seasonal variation of suspended sediment and its relationship with Turbidity in Cam - Nam Trieu estuary based on data measured during three different seasons: Early wet season (May 2015), wet season (September 2015) and dry season (January 2016). The results highlighted the seasonal variation of suspended particle matter (SPM) concentrations with river flow. The average SPM concentration was highest during the dry season, with 62.95 mg/L. They were not significantly different between the early wet and wet seasons, with 59.65 mg/L and 50.94 mg/L, respectively. This study also demonstrated a strong dependence between SPM and Turbidity in the study area. The coefficients of determination varied from 0.867 to 0.971 (linear relationship), and from 0.95 to 0.991 (proportional relationship). Therefore, turbidity can be used to estimate SPM concentration. However, this relationship changed markedly with the seasons, and hence when determining SPM concentration, seasonal factors must be considered.