bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Assessment of Interruptions in HIV Clinic Visits and Virologic Failure among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the Kabeho Study
Authors: Nawar Eric W. , Andrinopoulos Katherine M , Machekano Rhoderick N , Carton Thomas W , Bobrow Emily A , Mugwaneza Placidie , Ndatimana Dieudonne
Published: October 2023

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for women with HIV is recommended for life, yet most studies measure retention in HIV care and treatment as a binary outcome rather than patterns of intermittent clinic attendance. Pregnancy and the post-partum period are critical times to study interruptions in care, as retention among these women is particularly challenging and can affect the outcomes of both the mother and her child.

Methods: The Kigali Antiretroviral and Breastfeeding Assessment for the Elimination of HIV (Kabeho) study was an observational prospective cohort of 608 pregnant and postpartum women with HIV followed for 2 years. Clinic visit attendance was used to construct an interruption variable defined as a missed visit followed by a return to care. In multivariate analyses, we examined interruption patterns as predictors of virologic failure and detectable viral load.

Results: During the study period, 48% of women had multiple visit interruptions and 29% had an interruption that lasted more than one month. Adjusting for age, ART regimen, time on ART, and CD4 count, the odds of virologic failure among women with multiple interruptions were almost 3 times higher than for women with one or no interruptions (aOR=2.72, 95%CI: 1.09, 6.77). The odds of virologic failure were nearly 3.5 times higher among women with an interruption lasting more than one month compared with women with shorter or no interruptions (aOR=3.47, 95%CI: 1.59, 7.66).

Conclusions: Interruptions in HIV care visits are common with significant increases in virologic failure among women with multiple and long-term interruptions. Measuring patterns of interruption, rather than a single binary measure captures the fluid nature of lifetime and health-seeking behavior.
Liselere Geçiş Sistemi (LGS) Fen Bilimleri Sorularının Bağlam Temelli Öğrenme Yaklaşımı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Arık Güngör Büşra , Saraçoğlu Sibel
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı 2018-2021 yılları arasında yapılan Liselere Geçiş Sistemi (LGS) sınavı Fen Bilimleri sorularını Bağlam Temelli Öğrenme (BTÖ) yaklaşımı açısından değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi desenlerinden durum çalışması, durum çalışması modellerinden ise araçsal durum çalışması modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2018-2021 yılları arasında uygulanan LGS sınavı Fen Bilimleri soruları oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak doküman incelemesi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler içerik analizine göre analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda 2018-2021 yılları arasında uygulanan LGS’de yer alan Fen Bilimleri sorularının uygulanmaya başlandığı yıldan itibaren Bağlam Temelli Soru (BTS) oranının düşük olduğu ve bu oran ile ilgili bir standardın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan bir diğer sonuç, LGS sorularının düşünme becerisi gerektiren sorulardan oluşmasıdır. Ulaşılan sonuç doğrultusunda, LGS soruları hazırlanırken BTS kriterlerinin tamamının dikkate alınması, mevcut çalışmanın dokümanla birlikte farklı veri toplama araçlarıyla da desteklenerek tekrar edilmesi, BTÖ yaklaşımı kapsamında; kazanım-LGS soruları, ölçme ve değerlendirme soruları-LGS soruları arasındaki uyumları tespit etmek amacıyla yeni çalışmalar yürütülmesi önerilmiştir.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKIYE AND SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: GENCOGLU Halim
Published: October 2023

Both South Africa and Turkey are important players in the global economy. South Africa is rich in minerals and resources, making mining a significant sector, while Turkey has a diverse economy with strong manufacturing and services industries. Both countries engage in international trade and have diplomatic ties with various nations. Turkey and South Africa maintain diplomatic relations that encompass political, economic, and cultural aspects. Both countries have embassies in each other's capitals, facilitating communication and cooperation. Economic relations between Turkey and South Africa are notable, with trade and investment playing a significant role. Bilateral trade between Turkey and South Africa has been growing steadily over the years. The two countries engage in the exchange of various goods, including machinery, vehicles, textiles, and agricultural products. Both nations have sought to enhance economic cooperation through trade agreements and business delegations. In recent years, there have been discussions about further deepening economic ties. Efforts to boost trade and investment include exploring opportunities in sectors such as energy, infrastructure, and technology. Joint business forums and economic summits have been organized to foster closer economic collaboration. Cultural exchanges also contribute to strengthening relations between Turkey and South Africa. Educational and cultural programs, as well as tourism, facilitate people-to-people interactions and mutual understanding. However, like any diplomatic relationships, there may also be challenges and differences that both countries work through.
Mask Design for Covid-19
Authors: Fowkes Neville
Published: October 2023

Simple Bernoulli and air permeability models are used to estimate the pressure developed inside a rigid covid-19 mask and the proportion of air flow passing through and leaking around the edges of the mask due to a sneeze or cough. Rather speculatively the results are extended to deal with the commonly used cloth masks with or without folds. This is done by introducing a constitutive law connecting the pressure developed within the space between the mask and the face and the volume of this space. The model identifies a dimensionless group and a design function that may be used to help evaluate the performance of masks in the covid-19 context.These measures may be simply measured in the laboratory. Simulations for rigid masks and cloth masks with or without folds are presented.
Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Onggok Singkong dan Dedak Padi Sebagai Substrat pada Produksi Asam Sitrat
Authors: Masyitah  , Abubakar Amhar
Published: October 2023

Permintaan asam sitrat di seluruh dunia meningkat lebih cepat daripada produksinya sehingga diperlukan proses yang lebih ekonomis. Aspergillus niger mampu memproduksi asam sitrat dari hasil samping agroindustri. Pemanfaatan onggok dan dedak padi sebagai substrat pada fermentasi asam sitrat dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah hasil samping agroindustri tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan onggok dan dedak padi sebagai substrat produksi asam sitrat oleh Aspergillus niger pada kultivasi media padat beserta karakteristik asam sitrat yang dihasilkannya. Kajian dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan kombinasi antara persentase volume inokulum b/v (x1: 2,5%; x2: 5%; dan x3: 7,5%) dan waktu inkubasi (y1: 1 hari; y2: 2 hari; y3: 3 hari; y4: 4 hari; y5: 5 hari; y6: 6 hari; dan y7: 7 hari), diulang empat kali. Penambahan volume inokulum Aspergillus niger sebanyak 5% (b/v) dengan waktu inkubasi selama lima hari dapat menghasilkan asam sitrat yang optimal. Pada kombinasi perlakuan tersebut, dihasilkan nilai pH 2,65, total asam 13,91 g/L, dan kandungan asam sitrat 9,74 g/L.
Management perspectives for ecomuseums effectiveness: a holistic approach to sociocultural development of local areas
Authors: Badia Francesco , Donato Fabio
Published: October 2023

Considering their focus on participation and sustainable tourism promotion, ecomuseums can play a crucial role in the sociocultural development of local areas. Through three exploratory case studies of Italian ecomuseums located in the Emilia-Romagna region, this study shows the emergence of three different profiles of ecomuseum development strategies: they relate to the sustainable tourism, the cultural districts, and the holistic approach to sociocultural development. These kinds of strategic profiles not only emerge in opposition to each other but can also overlap and appear jointly within different situations of ecomuseums. The final aim of this work is to reflect on the applicability of management tools to support the implementation of these strategic aspects, especially in the current scenario, in which new perspectives are emerging about the role of communities in interpreting and enhancing their tangible and intangible cultural heritage in relation to sustainable tourism and local development linked to cultural and natural heritage preservation and promotion.
Exploring undergraduate students’ perceptions of food animal production and their sense of belonging in an introductory animal science course
Authors: Sullivan Paxton , Smith Colton , Machuca Erica , Figan Abigail , Mijares Sage , Roman-Muniz Noa , Cramer Catie , Ahola Jason , Stallones Lorann , Edwards-Callaway Lily
Published: October 2023

New animal science undergraduates are further removed from agriculture than ever before, many coming from non-agricultural backgrounds lacking experience with food animals. In addition to beginning a degree program in which they have little experience, undergraduates face unique challenges during their transition to college, which could impact retention and success in their chosen major. The focal course, Food Animal Science: ANEQ 101, is an introductory animal science course composed primarily of first year animal science students. This course utilized experiential learning by implementing laboratories with dairy calves providing hands-on experience. Pre- and post-surveys were developed to assess students’ perceptions of food animal production, welfare, and sense of belonging in the Animal Science major at the beginning and end of this course that was characterized by hands-on opportunities; quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on 114 paired survey responses. Respondents were mostly female (79%, n = 91), white (80.7%, n = 92), and from non-agricultural backgrounds (83.3%, n = 95). Despite only half (51.8%, n = 59) of respondents indicating that they had experience with food animals, most respondents indicated that they agreed being comfortable with food animal production (96.5%, n = 110) and working with food animals (95.6%; n = 109); agreement with these statements was similar in the post-survey (P > 0.05). More students agreed with the statement “In the United States, food animals are raised with an acceptable level of animal welfare” (P = 0.016) in the post-survey as compared with the pre-survey. In the pre- and post-survey, questions related to belonging garnered positive responses, consequently, there was no evidence that students’ sense of belonging in the major was altered during the course. Two free-response questions asked respondents to comment on their sense of belonging in the major. Thematic analysis of these answers identified themes related to belonging, including Learning and Curriculum, Career Goals and Aspirations, Passion for Working with Animals, Self-Assurance, and Community and Classroom Environment. The majority of students had positive views about production and their sense of belonging within the major highlighting the value of integrating experiential learning opportunities for students studying animal science.
A longer Achilles tendon moment arm length is not associated with superior hopping performance
Authors: Kovács Bálint , Dong Sun , Song Yang , Jingyi Ye , Béres Sándor , Tihanyi József , Zhang Jingfeng , Petridis Leonidas , Gu Yaodong
Published: October 2023

Variability in musculoskeletal and lower leg structure has the potential to influence hopping height. Achilles tendon moment arm length and plantarflexor muscle strength can influence ankle joint torque development and, consequently, hopping performance. While most studies have examined the connection of the Achilles tendon moment arm with hopping performance including the resting length, in this study we attempted to explore how the changes in Achilles tendon moment arm are related to hopping performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test for correlations between foot and lower leg muscle structure parameters (i.e., muscle mass, volume, cross-sectional area and Achilles tendon moment arm length) and hopping height performance in relation to changes in Achilles tendon moment arm length. Eighteen participants (10 males 8 female) performed repetitive bilateral hopping on a force platform while sagittal plane kinematics of the lower leg were recorded. Additionally, maximal isometric plantarflexion was measured. To obtain structural parameters of the lower leg, the right lower leg of each participant was scanned with magnetic resonance imaging. The cross-sectional areas of the Achilles tendon, soleus, lateral and medial gastrocnemius were measured, while muscle volumes, muscle mass, and Achilles tendon moment arm length were calculated. Contrary to our initial assumption, longer Achilles tendon moment arm did not result in superior hopping performance. Interestingly, neither maximal isometric plantarflexion force nor muscle size correlated with repetitive bilateral hopping performance. We can assume that the mechanical characteristics of the tendon and the effective utilization of the stored strain energy in the tendon may play a more important role in repetitive hopping than the structural parameters of the lower leg.
Bone density optimized pedicle screw insertion
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Calek Anna-Katharina , Fasser Marie-Rosa , Spirig José Miguel , Caprara Sebastiano , Farshad Mazda , Widmer Jonas
Published: October 2023

Background: Spinal fusion is the most common surgical treatment for the management of degenerative spinal disease. However, complications such as screw loosening lead to painful pseudoarthrosis, and are a common reason for revision. Optimization of screw trajectories to increase implant resistance to mechanical loading is essential. A recent optimization method has shown potential for determining optimal screw position and size based on areas of high bone elastic modulus (E-modulus).

Aim: The aim of this biomechanical study was to verify the optimization algorithm for pedicle screw placement in a cadaveric study and to quantify the effect of optimization. The pull-out strength of pedicle screws with an optimized trajectory was compared to that of a traditional trajectory.

Methods: Twenty-five lumbar vertebrae were instrumented with pedicle screws (on one side, the pedicle screws were inserted in the traditional way, on the other side, the screws were inserted using an optimized trajectory).

Results: An improvement in pull-out strength and pull-out strain energy of the optimized screw trajectory compared to the traditional screw trajectory was only observed for E-modulus values greater than 3500 MPa cm3. For values of 3500 MPa cm3 or less, optimization showed no clear benefit. The median screw length of the optimized pedicle screws was significantly smaller than the median screw length of the traditionally inserted pedicle screws, p < 0.001.

Discussion: Optimization of the pedicle screw trajectory is feasible, but seems to apply only to vertebrae with very high E-modulus values. This is likely because screw trajectory optimization resulted in a reduction in screw length and therefore a reduction in the implant-bone interface. Future efforts to predict the optimal pedicle screw trajectory should include screw length as a critical component of potential stability.
Physicochemical properties and cell proliferation and adhesive bioactivity of collagen-hyaluronate composite gradient membrane
Authors: Li Zhaoxuan , Song Xue , Fan Yan , Bao Yuming , Hou Hu
Published: October 2023

Membrane materials were widely used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to prevent fibroblast invasion and form a confined area for preferentially growing of osteoblast. A novel collagen-hyaluronate composite gradient membrane was prepared by Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin collagen and sodium hyaluronate for potential GTR applications and their bioactivities were investigated by cellular viability. SEM results indicated the membrane showed a dense outer and a porous inner surface for effectively guiding the growth of bone tissue. Physicochemical and biosafety experiments showed the tensile strength of membrane was 466.57 ± 44.31 KPa and contact angle was 74.11°, and the membrane showed perfect biocompatibility and cytocompatibility as well, which met the requirements of GTR material. Cell morphology revealed that the membrane could facilitate the adherence and proliferation of fibroblast and osteoblast. The results of qRT-PCR and ELISA demonstrated that the membrane could effectively activate TGF-β/Smad pathway in fibroblast, and promote the expressions of TGF-β1, FN1 and VEGF. Remarkably, RUNX2 was stimulated in BMP2 pathway by the membrane to regulate osteoblast differentiation. In summary, the collagen-hyaluronate composite gradient membrane not only fulfills the prerequisites for use as a GTR material but also demonstrates substantial potential for practical applications in the field.
A minireview on the bioinformatics analysis of mobile gene elements in microbiome research
Authors: Schwarzerova Jana , Labanava Anastasiya , Rychlik Ivan , Varga Margaret , Cejkova Darina
Published: October 2023

The horizontal transfer of mobile gene elements between bacteria plays a crucial role in their evolutionary dynamics. Additionally, it enables the accumulation and dissemination of genes conferring antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance, and thus contributes to the worldwide emergence and spread of drug-resistance pathogens. This process is instrumental in maintaining genetic diversity within bacterial populations and facilitates their adaptation to novel environments. It allows bacteria to acquire genes responsible for the synthesis of enzymes that utilize alternative energy sources and substrates. Furthermore, bacteria can acquire genes associated with toxin production and increased virulence. Horizontal gene transfer serves as a pivotal mechanism in bacterial evolution, enabling the acquisition of novel genetic information and enhancing their capabilities. However, the proper detection and identification of horizontally transferred genes at the microbiome scale is challenging, whether using wet-lab experiments or bioinformatics approaches. In the paper, we summarize current bioinformatics tools for detecting Horizontal Gene Transfer and present the results of our bioinformatic analysis on a collection of genomes originating from chicken gut microbiota.
Factors associated with chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes in French Guiana
Authors: Sacareau Christopher , Nacher Mathieu , Drak Alsibai Kinan , Ntoutoum Andre , Adenis Antoine , Hounnou Marianne , Liebart Marion , Cardoso Clara Salasar , Aurelus Jean-Markens , Demar Magalie , Casse Olivier , Amokrane Samia , Carod Jean-François , Hafsi Nezha , Sabbah Nadia
Published: October 2023

Introduction

With over half of the population living under the poverty threshold, the social and health context in French Guiana is more difficult than in mainland France. The prevalence of diabetes is twice as great and end-stage renal failure is 45% higher than in mainland France.

Objective

Our objective was to describe the profile of diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease in French Guiana and search for possible risk factors.

Method

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional observational study based on the CODIAM cohort (Cohort of Diabetes in French Amazonia). We analyzed 1,287 patients followed up between May 2019 and June 2021 at Cayenne Hospital, Saint Laurent Hospital, and delocalized health centers.

Results

In our cohort, chronic kidney disease was present after an average of 12 years of diabetes. Compared with the French population, 41% of diabetic patients had chronic kidney disease (i.e., 12% more), and had an average age of 56 years (i.e., 10 years younger). Forty-eight per cent of these patients were obese (i.e., 7% more). Seventy-four per cent of patients were precarious and 45% were foreigners but neither was associated with chronic kidney disease, contrary to countries where the health system is not universal.

Conclusion

Screening of patients with chronic kidney disease among diabetics in French Guiana remains a real challenge. Patients were younger and more obese than in other French territories. In this cohort, precariousness and immigration were not associated with the presence of chronic kidney disease. However, particular attention should be paid to hypertensive patients and those over 65 years of age, which are, with diabetes itself, the two most obvious risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease among diabetic patients in our territory.
Cohabitation of Piscirickettsia salmonis genogroups (LF-89 and EM-90): synergistic effect on growth dynamics
Authors: Carril Gabriela , Winther-Larsen Hanne C. , Løvoll Marie , Sørum Henning
Published: October 2023

Piscirickettsia salmonis, the biological agent of Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can be divided into two genogroups (LF-89 and EM-90) with different virulence levels and patterns. Studies have found co-infection of these genogroups in salmonid farms in Chile, but it is essential to assess whether this interaction within the host is related to virulence and changes in pathogen dynamics. In this study, we studied four isolates from EM-90 and one LF-89 isolate chosen based on their genomic differences. The aim was to evaluate how co-cultivation affects bacterial growth performance and virulence factor expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro results using FN2 medium, showed a similar growth curve between co-cultures of LF-89 and EM-90 compared to EM-90 monocultures. This was explained by the higher ratio of EM-90 to LF-89 in all co-cultures. When evaluating the expression of virulence factors, it was discovered that the luxR gene was expressed only in EM-90-like isolates and that there were significant differences between mono- and co-cultures for flaA and cheA, suggesting a response to cohabitation. Moreover, during in vivo co-cultures, transcriptomic analysis revealed an upregulation of transposases, flagellum-related genes (fliI and flgK), transporters, and permeases that could unveil novel virulence effectors used in the early infection process of P. salmonis. Thus, our work has shown that cohabitation of P. salmonis genogroups can modulate their behavior and virulence effector expression. These data can contribute to new strategies and approaches to improve the current health treatments against this salmonid pathogen.
Clinical manifestations of human leptospirosis: bacteria matter
Authors: Rajaonarivelo Jeanne Arline , Desmoulin Anissa , Maillard Olivier , Collet Louis , Baudino Fiona , Jaffar-Bandjee Marie-Christine , Blondé Renaud , Raffray Loïc , Tortosa Pablo
Published: October 2023

Introduction

A high incidence of human leptospirosis is recorded on Mayotte, an oceanic island located in southwestern Indian Ocean, but the severity of the disease appears relatively mild in terms of mortality rate and admission to the intensive care unit. It has been proposed that mild leptospirosis may result from a limited virulence of some of the occurring Leptospira species to which the population is exposed.

Methods

Clinical and biological data of patients admitted to the Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte were collected and the infecting Leptospira species were determined through molecular typing.

Results

Leptospira interrogans was detected in the minority of admitted patients but most of these patients suffered from severe forms, with 50% admitted to intensive care unit and suffering from organ failures. Nineteen percent of patients infected with Leptospira borgpetersenii were admitted to the intensive care, with 13% displaying organ failures, and one patient died. Leptospira mayottensis was found in 28% of the patients and not a single severe case was observed.

Discussion

The distribution of Leptospira species in patients was not different from that reported 10-15 years ago and bacterial genotypes were very closely related to those previously reported. These results highlight the importance of the diversity of pathogenic Leptospira circulating on Mayotte island and are in keeping with distinct outcome of the disease depending on the infecting Leptospira. Altogether, presented data support that the infecting Leptospira species is an important driver of disease severity in humans.
Diagnostic value of inflammatory indicators for surgical site infection in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Li Dongmei , Ding Shanshan , Li Jie , Liao Xianglu , Ru Kun , Liu Lisheng , Shang Wenjing
Published: October 2023

Background

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnostic cancer in women worldwide. The main treatment for these patients is surgery. However, there is a high incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to identify effective infection-related diagnostic markers for timely diagnosis and treatment of SSI.

Methods

This retrospective study included 263 breast cancer patients who were treated between July 2018 and March 2023 at the Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute. We analyzed differences between the SSI group and control group and differences before and during infection in the SSI group. Finally, we tested the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics.

Results

Compared with preoperative inflammatory indicators, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEU), absolute neutrophil count to the absolute lymphocyte count (NLR), D2 polymers (D-Dimer) and fibrinogen (FIB) were significantly increased, while lymphocytes (LYM), albumin (ALB) and prealbumin (PA) were significantly decreased in the SSI group. Compared with uninfected patients, WBC, NEU, NLR and FIB were significantly increased, ALB and PA were significantly decreased in SSI patients, while LYM and D-Dimer did not differ significantly. The distribution of infection bacteria in SSI patients showed that the proportion of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection was as high as 70.41%; of those patients, 19.33% had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The area under the curves (AUCs) of the receiver operating curves (ROCs) for WBC, NEU, NLR, FIB, ALB and PA were 0.807, 0.811, 0.730, 0.705, 0.663 and 0.796, respectively. The AUCs for other inflammatory indicators were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in antibiotic resistance for Staphylococcus aureus when compared to that of gram-positive bacteria. The resistance of gram-positive bacteria to ceftriaxone (CRO), cefoxitin (FOX), chloramphenicol (CHL), minocycline (MNO) and tetracycline (TCY) was lower than that of gram-negative bacteria, while the resistance to gentamicin (GEN) was higher.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that WBC, NEU, NLR, FIB and PA have good predictive value for identifying patients at risk of SSI. The cut-off values of inflammatory indicators can be helpful in the prevention and diagnosis of SSI.
Gravity modelling of the Tyrrhenian-Calabrian-Ionian subduction system
Authors: Akimbekova A. , Carboni F. , Mancinelli P. , Barreca G. , Scarfì L. , Pauselli C. , Monaco C. , Barchi M. R.
Published: October 2023

This study provides a lithospheric-scale model along the Ionian Subduction zone in Southern Italy, contributing to the seismotectonic investigation of a region which is affected by relevant historical seismicity. The study employs gravity forward modelling to build the geo-structural model along a composite, NW-SE trending transect extending from the Ionian to the Tyrrhenian Sea, including the Aeolian arc and the Calabro-Peloritan onshore. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we propose new interpretations of three 2D deep-seismic reflection profiles across the study area. Such interpretative profiles are used as constraints to model the observed Bouguer gravity anomalies providing upper and lower crust geometries. Whilst a tomographic model provides constraints for the lithospheric and asthenospheric modelling. The entire workflow is constrained by literature data about Moho geometry, deep seismicity and tomographic images that are integrated to determine the subducting slab geometry. The proposed model of the entire subducting system reasonably fits the observed gravity field and is coherent with the first-order geological and geophysical constraints. The modelling results in updated Tyrrhenian and Ionian Moho depth, subducting slab geometry and location, and densities of the main units, providing valuable input about the composition and geometry of the Calabrian arc structures.
The productivity segmented calculation model of perforated horizontal wells considering whether to penetrate the contaminated zone
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Guo Kangliang , Yang Haoran , Gao Xinchen
Published: October 2023

Perforation technology is often used to improve the productivity of horizontal wells in oilfield exploitation. During the perforation process, the formation seepage mode and productivity will change accordingly whether the contaminated zone is shot through. If we continue to use the previous productivity formula, it will cause a large calculation error and bring economic loss to the development of oil and gas fields. Firstly, based on the principle of equivalent seepage resistance, the reservoir-hole inflow profile in these two cases is analyzed in detail, and the reservoir-hole seepage model is constructed in different regions. The perforated horizontal well section is divided into N micro-unit sections, and the pressure drop model in the wellbore is constructed using the fluid mechanics theory. A new perforated horizontal well productivity prediction model is then created by coupling the reservoir-hole seepage model with the pressure drop model in the wellbore as a whole to accurately reflect the production performance of the perforated horizontal well. Through comparison and verification, it is concluded that the calculation results of the model are more precise, which can greatly reduce the productivity error. This method is reasonable and practical. When the oilfield’s actual well data is substituted into this model, it is discussed and analyzed that the reservoir’s physical characteristics, contamination level, and perforation completion parameters all have an impact on the productivity of horizontal wells, with the original formation’s permeability and reservoir contamination thickness having the most pronounced effects. These findings may effectively direct the design of technological processes and performance impact prediction.
Physician experience with once-weekly somatrogon versus once-daily rhGH regimen in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency: a cross-sectional survey of physicians from the global phase 3 study
Authors: Gomez Roy , Lamoureux Roger , Turner-Bowker Diane M. , Loftus Jane , Maghnie Mohamad , Miller Bradley S. , Polak Michel , Yaworsky Andrew
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The standard of care for pediatric growth hormone deficiency (pGHD) is once-daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Somatrogon, a long-acting rhGH, requires less frequent, once-weekly, dosing. We describe physicians’ preference for, experiences, and satisfaction with once-weekly somatrogon vs once-daily rhGH.

Methods

English-speaking investigators from somatrogon’s global phase III study (NCT02968004) with prior experience using once-daily rhGH were included. Participants answered an online survey containing 14 closed- and open-ended items.

Results

Twenty-four pediatric endocrinologists (41.7% men; 79.2% practiced at public/private hospitals) from 12 countries with 25.8 ± 12.0 years’ experience treating pGHD completed the survey. In terms of the time and effort required to explain device instructions, injection regimen, procedure for missed injection, and address patients’/caregivers’ concerns, a similar proportion of physicians chose once-weekly somatrogon and once-daily rhGH; 62.5% physicians indicated that once-daily rhGH required greater effort to monitor adherence. Overall, 75% preferred once-weekly somatrogon over once-daily rhGH, 79.2% considered once-weekly somatrogon to be more convenient and less burdensome, and 83.3% were likely to prescribe somatrogon in the future. Overall, 50% felt that once-weekly somatrogon was more beneficial to patients, while 50% chose “No difference”. Most physicians (62.5%) felt both regimens were equally likely to support positive long-term growth outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization. More physicians were “very satisfied” with once-weekly somatrogon (62.5%) than with once-daily rhGH (16.7%). Reduced injection frequency, patient and caregiver burden, increased convenience, and improved adherence were reasons for these choices.

Conclusion

Physicians had a positive experience with, and perception of, treating pGHD with once-weekly somatrogon.
Deep neural network for discovering metabolism-related biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fu Lei , Li Manshi , Lv Junjie , Yang Chengcheng , Zhang Zihan , Qin Shimei , Li Wan , Wang Xinyan , Chen Lina
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Lung cancer is a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is its most common subtype. Metabolite-mRNA interactions play a crucial role in cancer metabolism. Thus, metabolism-related mRNAs are potential targets for cancer therapy.

Methods

This study constructed a network of metabolite-mRNA interactions (MMIs) using four databases. We retrieved mRNAs from the Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD cohort showing significant expressional changes between tumor and non-tumor tissues and identified metabolism-related differential expression (DE) mRNAs among the MMIs. Candidate mRNAs showing significant contributions to the deep neural network (DNN) model were mined. Using MMIs and the results of function analysis, we created a subnetwork comprising candidate mRNAs and metabolites.

Results

Finally, 10 biomarkers were obtained after survival analysis and validation. Their good prognostic value in LUAD was validated in independent datasets. Their effectiveness was confirmed in the TCGA and an independent Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) dataset by comparison with traditional machine-learning models.

Conclusion

To summarize, 10 metabolism-related biomarkers were identified, and their prognostic value was confirmed successfully through the MMI network and the DNN model. Our strategy bears implications to pave the way for investigating metabolic biomarkers in other cancers.
Research of the system-on-chip-based relay protection technology
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Xi Wei , Yu Yang , Yao Hao
Published: October 2023

The relay protection device is the core equipment that ensures the safe and stable operation of a power grid. With the open access of a large number of distributed generation, DC transmission and electric vehicles, a new deep low-carbon power system dominated by power electronic devices has gradually been formed. It is difficult for the traditional control and protection architecture, methods, and technology to meet the business characteristics and functional requirements of a diversified interaction, agile response, safety, and credibility of the power grid in the future. This paper presents a chip-based relay protection technology based on system-on-chip (SoC), which is described from four aspects, namely, the architectural design of the relay protection SoC, software and hardware cooperative relay protection based on the SoC IP core, experimental verification, and engineering application. The results show that the relay protection SoC proposed in this paper has significantly improved the performance of high-speed data acquisition and interaction through hardware algorithm engine acceleration and software and hardware collaborative computing, which is helpful to realize the local equipment operation and the integration of primary and secondary equipment, shorten the protection action time, and improve the speed, reliability, and stability of relay protection devices.
Weighted Minkowski distance-based differential protection for active distribution networks considering the uncertainty of frequency-domain characteristics
Authors: Jin Wei , Li Jian , Zhang Shuo , Feng Mengqiang , Feng Shiguang
Published: October 2023

With the increasing use of DGs (distributed generators) in the power system, the distribution network is becoming more and more complicated. The rapid change of DG output power and the diversity of DG location make the computing calculation of relay protection difficult, bringing severe challenges to the current protection based on single-end electrical volume. Therefore, double-end-based protection is a good choice in view of the DG uncertainty and the network complexity. However, the power frequency offset after fault and the uncertainty of DG fault current result in uncertainty in the frequency-domain characteristics, which can also negatively affect the differential protection. In view of this, a new differential protection method based on the weighted Minkowski distance algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the Minkowski distance algorithm is used to describe the similarity of both currents considering the uncertainty in the frequency-domain characteristics. Second, each current similarity including the phase current, the positive current, and the negative current is calculated separately to increase the protection sensitivity. Through the weighted algorithm distribution, the weight is assigned. Furthermore, a high-performance protection mechanism is designed to improve the protection sensitivity. This method is suitable for the active distribution network with different penetration rates of DGs and different types of DGs. The simulations show that the proposed method has good feasibility and high superiority.
Wind tunnel experimental study on static aerodynamic performance of SB-VAWT without intermediate support axes
Authors: Zhang Huawu , Hu Yihuai
Published: October 2023

Wind power generation is considered an effective way for ships to harness wind energy, and the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines determine wind energy utilization and efficiency. However, traditional vertical axis wind turbines have intermediate shafts and support rods, which result in large negative effects in the research of the wind turbine aerodynamic characteristics. To address this issue, a Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (SB-VAWT) without intermediate support axes is proposed. The turbine can flexibly change the number of blades, rotor diameter, and installation position of blades. The static aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine with different combinations was tested in a wind tunnel laboratory at 10 m/s. The results show that the radius of the wind turbine has a greater effect on the drag coefficient for the same number of blades, with an inverse relationship between the drag coefficient and radius, and a positive association between lift coefficient, static torque coefficient, and radius. The drag coefficient is proportional to the number of blades at the same radius, while the static torque coefficient is inversely proportional to the number of blades. According to the results, placing the initial location in the azimuth range between 30° and 50° can obtain the maximum initial starting torque. Moreover, a wind turbine with a radius of 16 cm can achieve a higher average torque. Changes in the number of blades can significantly impact turbine properties, resulting in wind turbines with distinct features.
Severe chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in combination with total MPO deficiency and responsiveness to TNFα inhibition
Authors: Sundqvist Martina , Christenson Karin , Wekell Per , Björnsdottir Halla , Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Sanchez Klose Felix P. , Kallinich Tilmann , Welin Amanda , Björkman Lena , Bylund Johan , Karlsson-Bengtsson Anna , Berg Stefan
Published: October 2023

We describe a female patient suffering from severe chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) with systemic inflammation and advanced malnutrition and complete deficiency of myeloperoxidase (MPO). CNO is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder associated with dysregulation of the innate immune system. MPO deficiency is a genetic disorder with partial or complete absence of the phagocyte peroxidase MPO. MPO deficiency has no established clinical phenotype but reports indicate increased susceptibility to infection and chronic inflammation. The patient’s symptoms began at 10 years of age with pain in the thighs, systemic inflammation and malnutrition. She was diagnosed with CNO at 14 years of age. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates or IL1-receptor antagonists (anakinra) did not relieve the symptoms. However, the patient responded instantly and recovered from her clinical symptoms when treated with TNFα blockade (adalimumab). Three years after treatment initiation adalimumab was withdrawn, resulting in rapid symptom recurrence. When reintroducing adalimumab, the patient promptly responded and went into remission. In addition to clinical and laboratory profiles, neutrophil functions (reactive oxygen species, ROS; neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs; degranulation; apoptosis; elastase activity) were investigated both in a highly inflammatory state (without treatment) and in remission (on treatment). At diagnosis, neither IL1β, IL6, nor TNFα was significantly elevated in serum, but since TNFα blockade terminated the inflammatory symptoms, the disease was likely TNFα-driven. All neutrophil parameters were normal both during treatment and treatment withdrawal, except for MPO-dependent intracellular ROS- and NET formation. The role of total MPO deficiency for disease etiology and severity is discussed.
Low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin plus low-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based regimen for prevention of graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplants: a large sample, long-term follow-up retrospective study
Authors: Li Xingying , Yang Jun , Cai Yu , Huang Chongmei , Xu Xiaowei , Qiu Huiying , Niu Jiahua , Zhou Kun , Zhang Ying , Xia Xinxin , Wei Yu , Shen Chang , Tong Yin , Dong Baoxia , Wan Liping , Song Xianmin
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The novel low-dose anti-thymocyte (ATG, 5 mg/kg) plus low-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy, 50 mg/kg) (low-dose ATG/PTCy)-based regimen had promising activity for prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in haploidentical-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo-PBSCT), but its impacts on long-term outcomes remain to be defined.

Methods

We performed a large sample, long-term follow-up retrospective study to evaluate its efficacy for GVHD prophylaxis.

Results

The study enrolled 260 patients, including 162 with myeloid malignancies and 98 with lymphoid malignancies. The median follow-up time was 27.0 months. For the entire cohort, the cumulative incidences (CIs) of grade II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) by 180 days were 13.46% (95% CI, 9.64%-17.92%) and 5.77% (95% CI, 3.37%-9.07%); while total and moderate/severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD) by 2 years were 30.97% (95% CI, 25.43%-36.66%) and 18.08% (95% CI, 13.68%-22.98%), respectively. The 2-year overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and CIs of relapse were 60.7% (95% CI, 54.8%-67.10%), 58.1% (95% CI, 52.2%-64.5%), 50.6% (95% CI, 44.8-57.1%), 23.04% (95% CI, 18.06%-28.40%), and 18.09% (95% CI, 14.33%-23.97%, respectively. The 1-year CIs of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation were 43.46% (95% CI, 37.39%-49.37%) and 18.08% (95% CI, 13.68%-22.98%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the disease status at transplantation was associated with inferior survivor outcomes for all patients and myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, while cGVHD had superior outcomes for all patients and myeloid malignancies, but not for lymphoid malignancies.

Discussion

The results demonstrated that the novel regimen could effectively prevent the occurrence of aGVHD in haplo-PBSCT.
Brazilian autoimmune encephalitis network (BrAIN): antibody profile and clinical characteristics from a multicenter study
Authors: de Freitas Dias Bruna , Fieni Toso Fabio , Slhessarenko Fraife Barreto Maria Eduarda , de Araújo Gleizer René , Dellavance Alessandra , Kowacs Pedro André , Teive Helio , Spitz Mariana , Freire Borges Juliano Aline , Januzi de Almeida Rocha Letícia , Braga-Neto Pedro , Ribeiro Nóbrega Paulo , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , Maciel Dias Ronaldo , de Oliveira Godeiro Júnior Clécio , Martins Maia Fernanda , Barbosa Thomaz Rodrigo , Santos Mara Lúcia , Sousa de Melo Eduardo , da Nóbrega Júnior Adaucto Wanderley , Lin Katia , Graziani Povoas Barsottini Orlando , Endmayr Verena , Coelho Andrade Luís Eduardo , Höftberger Romana , Almeida Dutra Lívia
Published: October 2023

Background

The frequency of antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) may vary in different populations, however, data from developing countries are lacking. To describe the clinical profile of AIE in Brazil, and to evaluate seasonality and predictors of AIE in adult and pediatric patients.

Methods

We evaluated patients with possible AIE from 17 centers of the Brazilian Autoimmune Encephalitis Network (BrAIN) between 2018 and 2022. CSF and serum were tested with TBAs and CBAs. Data on clinical presentation, complementary investigation, and treatment were compiled. Seasonality and predictors of AIE in adult and pediatric populations were analyzed.

Results

Of the 564 patients, 145 (25.7%) were confirmed as seropositive, 69 (12.23%) were seronegative according to Graus, and 58% received immunotherapy. The median delay to diagnosis confirmation was 5.97 ± 10.3 months. No seasonality variation was observed after 55 months of enrolment. The following antibodies were found: anti-NMDAR (n=79, 54%), anti-MOG (n=14, 9%), anti-LGI1(n=12, 8%), anti-GAD (n=11, 7%), anti-GlyR (n=7, 4%), anti-Caspr2 (n=6, 4%), anti-AMPAR (n=4, 2%), anti-GABA-BR (n=4, 2%), anti-GABA-AR (n=2, 1%), anti-IgLON5 (n=1, 1%), and others (n=5, 3%). Predictors of seropositive AIE in the pediatric population (n=42) were decreased level of consciousness (p=0.04), and chorea (p=0.002). Among adults (n=103), predictors of seropositive AIE were movement disorders (p=0.0001), seizures (p=0.0001), autonomic instability (p=0.026), and memory impairment (p=0.001).

Conclusion

Most common antibodies in Brazilian patients are anti-NMDAR, followed by anti-MOG and anti-LGI1. Only 26% of the possible AIE patients harbor antibodies, and 12% were seronegative AIE. Patients had a 6-month delay in diagnosis and no seasonality was found. Findings highlight the barriers to treating AIE in developing countries and indicate an opportunity for cost-effect analysis. In this scenario, some clinical manifestations help predict seropositive AIE such as decreased level of consciousness, chorea, and dystonia among children, and movement disorders and memory impairment among adults.