bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embarazo gemelar monocoriónico monoamniótico. Presentación de tres casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rodríguez-Castillo Juliana , Delgado-Gutiérrez Julián , Quintero-Mejía Juan Carlos , Peña-Ramírez Tatiana , García-Novillo Sandra
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: realizar el reporte de casos de embarazo gemelar monocoriónico monoamniótico con entrecruzamiento de cordones y hacer una revisión de la literatura respecto al pronóstico de este tipo de gestación, seguimiento prenatal e intervenciones de manejo hasta su finalización.Materiales y métodos: se presenta el reporte de tres casos que ocurrieron en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia, centro de referencia de nivel III del suroccidente colombiano, el cual atiende población embarazada de alto riesgo obstétrico. Se desarrolló una búsqueda de la literatura en la base de datos Medline/Pubmed publicada en español e inglés durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1990 a mayo 2013. Se utilizaron los términos: “gemelos”, “gemelos monocigóticos”, “embarazo múltiple”, “embarazo gemelar”. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión, reporte de casos y estudios de corte transversal.Resultados: se revisaron 23 artículos de los cuales 5 correspondieron a artículos de revisión, 7 reportes de casos y 11 estudios de corte trasversal. La información acerca de las tasas de mortalidad, evaluación prenatal, seguimiento, manejo de las complicaciones, momento y modo del nacimiento en gemelos monoamnióticos es controversial.Conclusión: la gestación gemelar monocorial monoamniótica constituye un evento poco frecuente. Esta condición está asociada con múltiples complicaciones obstétricas que incluyen la muerte fetal relacionada con accidentes de los cordones umbilicales (entrecruzamientos). El objetivo del cuidado prenatal constituye la prevención de la mortalidad fetal, por lo que se sugiere la realización continua de pruebas de bienestar fetal. Se ha propuesto la terminación del embarazo en la semana 34 de gestación por operación cesárea, previa administración de esteroides.
Aspects of high energy scattering
Authors: White Chris
Published: February 2020

Scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories are of widespread
interest, due to a large number of theoretical and phenomenological
applications. Much is known about the possible behaviour of
amplitudes, that is independent of the details of the underlying
theory. This knowledge is often neglected in modern QFT courses, and
the aim of these notes - aimed at graduate students - is to redress
this. We review the possible singularities that amplitudes can have,
before examining the generic behaviour that can arise in the
high-energy limit. Finally, we illustrate the results using examples
from QCD and gravity.
Assessment of the level of financial and economic security at machine-building enterprises: evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Cherep Alla , Babmindra Dmytro , Khudoliei Lina , Kusakova Yuliya
Published: February 2020

Determining the level of financial and economic security of an enterprise allows assessing the real possibilities to confront internal and external challenges and defining the potential for future development. To develop proposals on assessing this level, the study uses data on machine-building enterprises of Zaporizhzhia region (Ukraine) and applies integral method, regression analysis and normalization. The expert evaluation method was used to form the system of key parameters. The experts were economists, the accounting departments’ and the economic security departments’ members of the studied enterprises. The experts selected six indices that they consider to be the most representative of the financial and economic security of an enterprise. These parameters were used to calculate the integral indicator of the level of financial and economic security of enterprises. Harrington’s approach was used to group enterprises according to their level of financial and economic security (very high, high, steady, satisfactory and unsatisfactory). The calculations have shown that the integral indicator of financial and economic security of the enterprises of Zaporizhzhia region ranged from 0.32 to 0.66 for the period 2014–2018. It was justified that along with the support of financial stability, solvency, business activity, profitability, investment attractiveness and innovativeness and absent sharp changes in the environment, the level of financial and economic security of machine builders will increase from 0.4 to 11.9%. AcknowledgmentThe study was carried out within the framework of the state budget theme (state registration number 0117U000512), Establishment of Business Incubators on the Basis of Innovative Development and Ensuring National Financial and Economic Security (2017–2019), Faculty of Economics, Zaporizhzhya National University.
Pressure prediction and abnormal working conditions detection of water supply network based on LSTM
Authors: Xu Zhe , Ying Zhihao , Li Yuquan , He Bishi , Chen Yun
Published: February 2020

In this study, a deep learning model based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) is used to predict the state of a water supply network due to its highly complex nonlinearity. The inputs of the model include state information on the pressures at measuring points, as well as control information on the water supply pressure and flow at each entry point. In order to enhance the performance of the model in feature extraction and identification and improve prediction accuracy, a parallel LSTM tandem DNN deep neural network model (PLDNN) is proposed. The experimental results indicate that the model has better learning performance and accuracy compared with traditional prediction methods (artificial neural networks, support vector machines, etc.) and general LSTM models.
Experimental study of clear-water contraction scour
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar , Pandey Manish , Pu Jaan H. , Pasupuleti Srinivas , Villuri Vasanta G. Kumar
Published: February 2020

In this paper, experimental results of clear-water scour on a sand bed under short contractions were studied. Sequences of test runs were performed under clear-water conditions for three different contraction ratios. The outcomes of the experiments were employed to define the effects of various parameters on equilibrium scour depth under clear-water scour conditions. In this work, the precision of three maximum scour depth equations was tested from previous studies for contraction scour cases. Two new analytical equations were proposed to calculate time-dependent scour depth and maximum scour at equilibrium conditions, respectively, from the study. The proposed equations were validated using measurements from the present study as well as from previous literature, and the equations show a reasonable agreement between measured and computed values of scour depth under clear-water conditions in short contraction. The presented equations can be used for studying protection of the submerged portion at a bridge abutment or any similar structure.
A traditional Chinese Medicine, YXQN, Reduces Amyloid-induced Cytotoxicity by Inhibiting Aβ42 Aggregation and Fibril Formation
Authors: Wang Lichun , Liu Sitong , Xu Jiaqi , Watanabe Nobumoto , Di Jun , Wei Wei , Mayo Kevin H. , Li Jiang , Li Xiaomeng
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

The accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) decreases cerebral blood flow in elderly
people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is believed to be the initiator of this disorder. As a traditional Chinese
medicine, Yangxue Qingnao (YXQN) improves cerebral insufficiency and attenuates cognitive impairment,
showing potential against AD. But whether YXQN has the ability to block Aβ self-aggregation is rarely reported.

Objectives:

Here, we investigate the effects of YXQN on Aβ accumulation and its mediated cytotoxicity using a
range of biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based approaches.

Methods:

Thioflavin T assay, transmission electron microscope, and 1H NMR experiments were used to investigate
the effects of YXQN on Aβ fibrogenesis and aggregation. Far-UV CD spectra were acquired to assess the
alteration of YXQN on the conformation of the amyloid protein. Three short Aβ42 peptides (AA 1-16, AA 17-33
and AA 28-42) were designed to analyse the Aβ42 epitope to which YXQN components bind. The effect of
YXQN on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity was investigated through SH-SY5Y cell viability assay.

Results:

We provide evidence showing that YXQN clearly reduces Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and alters its β-sheet
conformation, indicating the inhibition of primary nucleation of amyloid protein. Using the different Aβ short
peptides, residues 17-33 were identified as the target epitope for YXNQ components interacting with Aβ42. Furthermore,
in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model, our data show that high-dose YXQN attenuates amyloid-induced
cytotoxicity approximately 60% and effectively ameliorates cell distortion in morphology.

Conclusion:

Based on these results, YXQN exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting Aβ42 toxic aggregation,
which has the potential to combat AD.
DFT Study on Two Plausible Mechanistic Routes to Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4- Amines from Pyrazoloformimidate
Authors: Al-Azmi Amal
Published: February 2020

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine was prepared at room temperature in a catalyst-
free medium with moderate yield and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction
techniques. Two possible mechanistic routes were suggested for its formation.
Route 1 entails attack by the N of the amine on the imidate carbon followed by Dimroth
rearrangement after cyclization. Route 2 is the nucleophilic attack by the amine on the CN
function followed by cyclization to pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine. Density functional
theory (DFT) calculation studies of the two proposed reaction pathways illustrated that the
Route 2 reaction was more likely than that of Route 1.
Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signalling in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Singh Shareen , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: February 2020

A transcriptional regulatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein is a modulator of cellular biological activity via binding to a promoter region in the nucleus and transcribing various protein genes. The recent research implicated the intensive role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in diseases like autoimmune disorder, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein offers a new opportunity as a therapeutic approach. Activation of IκB kinase/NF-κB signaling pathway leads to the development of various pathological conditions in human beings, such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Therefore, the transcriptional activity of IκB kinase/NF- κB is strongly regulated at various cascade pathways. The nuclear factor NF-kB pathway plays a major role in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. In response to the diverse stimuli, the cytosolic sequestered NF-κB in an inactivated form by binding with an inhibitor molecule protein (IkB) gets phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus further transcribing various genes necessary for modifying various cellular functions. The various researches confirmed the role of different family member proteins of NF-κB implicated in expressing various genes products and mediating various cellular cascades. MicroRNAs, as regulators of NF- κB microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, the inhibitor of NF-κB and its family members plays a novel therapeutic target in preventing various diseases. Regulation of NF- κB signaling pathway may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for various disorders.
Neuroprotective Methodologies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Current Status of Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings
Authors: Kapoor Tarun , Mehan Sidharth
Published: February 2020

Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic and autoimmune associated motor neuron disorder
that affects myelinated neurons in specific brain regions of young people, especially females. MS
is characterized by oligodendrocytes destruction further responsible for demyelination, neuroinflammation,
mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter deficits associated
with motor and cognitive dysfunctions, vertigo and muscle weakness. The limited intervention of
pharmacologically active compounds like interferon-β, mitoxantrone, fingolimod and monoclonal
antibodies used clinically are majorly associated with adverse drug reactions. Pre-clinically, gliotoxin
ethidium bromide mimics the behavioral and neurochemical alterations in multiple sclerosis-
like in experimental animals associated with the down-regulation of adenyl
cyclase/cAMP/CREB, which is further responsible for a variety of neuropathogenic factors. Despite
the considerable investigation of neuroprotection in curing multiple sclerosis, some complications
still remain. The available medications only provide symptomatic relief but do not stop
the disease progression. In this way, the development of unused beneficial methods tends to be
ignored. The limitations of the current steady treatment may be because of their activity at one of
the many neurotransmitters included or their failure to up direct signaling flag bearers detailed to
have a vital part in neuronal sensitivity, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and its discharge, development,
and separation of the neuron, synaptic versatility and cognitive working. Therefore,
the current review strictly focused on the exploration of various clinical and pre-clinical features
available for multiple sclerosis to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and to introduce pharmacological
interventions associated with the upregulation of intracellular adenyl
cyclase/cAMP/CREB activation to ameliorate multiple sclerosis-like features.
In-Situ Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Which Content Pyrazole Skeleton
Authors: Pathan Sultan , Repale Anil , Pal Girdhar
Published: February 2020

Celecoxib containing pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by path aldol condensation of
substituted ketone with trifluoroethyl acetate subsequently by cyclization of the formed chalcones with
4-methanesulfonylphenylhydrazine. Here, a one-pot synthesis of celecoxib and substituted analogues
have been reported which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for their cyclooxygenase (COX)
inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenic liability. In order to intermediate work-up, a continuous
one-pot synthesis has been developed, performing the entire reaction sequence that results in a
shorter time with good yield.
El empleo público en Tucumán (Argentina). Ramos, cargos y salarios durante la construcción del Estado provincial (1815-1854)
Authors: Parolo María Paula
Published: February 2020

Este artículo busca examinar el comportamiento de los salarios públicos en una provincia mediterránea enclavada en el noroeste argentino (Tucumán) durante un periodo signado por una coyuntura bélica, altos niveles de conflictividad política y una sostenida crisis económica. A partir de los datos recuperados de las planillas de pago de sueldos de la administración provincial, es posible acceder a información cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre salarios de un amplio espectro de empleados estatales, lo cual permite, asimismo, aproximarnos a la composición interna y evolución de la escala salarial en la administración pública provincial durante la convulsionada primera mitad del siglo XIX.
Comercio en las “tierras de oro”. Circulación de bienes de la tierra en un circuito comercial de la Nueva Granada: Zaragoza (1789-1811)
Authors: Henao Giraldo José Leonardo
Published: February 2020

Este artículo describe el mercado de bienes animado por la circulación de oro en polvo en el nordeste de la provincia de Antioquia entre 1789 y 1811. El documento aporta al polémico debate entre quienes sostienen la predominancia de una economía “natural”, o de trueque, durante todo el periodo colonial dada la permanente escasez de moneda para realizar las transacciones y quienes explican, para la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, un proceso de formación de un dinámico mercado, apoyado por la circulación monetaria resultante de la producción de la mercancía dinero en la misma provincia, principalmente oro en polvo. Esta última posición es la que sostiene el presente texto, el cual, a partir de una amplia revisión documental de los libros manuales de alcabalas, expedientes y material cuantitativo disponible, mide el comercio de bienes de la tierra entre el bajo Magdalena y la provincia de Antioquia y estudia los flujos resultantes de la monetización de los excedentes agrícolas y la especialización regional promovidos por el aumento de la producción de oro en la región. De esta manera, el metal amarillo creaba todo un circuito comercial entre varias regiones del norte del virreinato de la Nueva Granada.
The Development of a Smart Health Awareness Message Framework Based on the Use of Social Media: Quantitative Study
Authors: Alsisi Elaf Ali , Al-Ashaab Ahmed , Abualfaraa Wadhah Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Background

Social media has recently provided a remarkable means of delivering health information broadly and in a cost-effective way. Despite its benefits, some difficulties are encountered in attempting to influence the public to change their behavior in response to social media health messages.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the factors that affect individuals’ acceptance of using social media as a tool for receiving health awareness messages and adapting such content accordingly by developing a smart health awareness message framework.

Methods

A quantitative method was adapted to validate the hypotheses and proposed framework through the development of a survey based on the technology acceptance model with the extension of other constructs. The survey was distributed on the web to 701 participants from different countries via Qualtrics software; it generated 391 completed questionnaires, and the response rate was 55.8% (391/701).

Results

Of the 391 respondents, 121 (30.9%) used social media platforms often during the week, and 27 participants (6.9%) did not use social media. In addition, 24.0% (94/391) of the respondents used these platforms to seek health information. On the basis of the results, perceived usefulness (β=.37; P<.001), gain-framed message (β=.04; P<.001), and loss-framed message (β=.08; P<.001) were seen to positively and significantly influence people’s intention to use social media as a means to spread information about health promotion. The proposed smart health awareness message framework identifies 64.2% of the variance in intention to use, 55.4% of the variance of perceived usefulness, and 26.2% of the variance of perceived ease of use.

Conclusions

This study sheds light on the factors that are associated with people’s intention to use and adopt social media in the health promotion domain. The findings reveal that the intention of using social media for health awareness purposes is positively impacted by the perception of usefulness of social media and the design of health messages. Future research might seek to explore other factors that relate to people’s behavior. This point of view will assist health organizations in developing their health messages more effectively and to be patient friendly.
Mood and Stress Evaluation of Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease in Korea: Ecological Momentary Assessment Method Using a Mobile Phone App
Authors: Yang Yong Sook , Ryu Gi Wook , Park Chang Gi , Yeom Insun , Shim Kyu Won , Choi Mona
Published: February 2020

Background

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a known progressive obstructive cerebrovascular disorder. Monitoring and managing mood and stress are critical for patients with MMD, as they affect clinical outcomes. The ecological momentary assessment (EMA) method is a longitudinal study design by which multiple variable assessments can be performed over time to detect momentary fluctuations and changes in psychological dimensions such as mood and stress over time.

Objective

This study aimed to identify predicting factors associated with momentary mood and stress at both the within-person and between-person levels and to examine individual fluctuation of mood over time in the short term using an EMA method combined with a mobile phone app.

Methods

Participants aged older than 18 years were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea, between July 2018 and January 2019. The PsyMate scale for negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) and the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress Scale were uploaded on patient mobile phones. Using a mobile app, data were collected four times a day for 7 days. Pearson correlations and mixed modeling were used to predict relationships between repeatedly measured variables at both the between-person and within-person levels.

Results

The mean age of the 93 participants was 40.59 (SD 10.06) years, 66 (71%) were female, and 71 (76%) were married. Participants provided 1929 responses out of a possible 2604 responses (1929/2604, 74.08%). The mean momentary NA and PA values were 2.15 (SD 1.12) and 4.70 (SD 1.31) out of 7, respectively. The momentary stress value was 2.03 (SD 0.98) out of 5. Momentary NA, PA, and stress were correlated (P<.001) and varied over time in relation to momentary variables. Common momentary variables associated with momentary mood and stress at both the within-person (level 1) and between-person (level 2) levels were identified. Momentary NA increased when being alone and being at the hospital at both levels, whereas momentary PA increased when eating or drinking, resting, being at a café, restaurant or a public place but decreased when being alone at both levels. Momentary stress increased when being at the office, at a public place, or as the time of the day went by but decreased when resting or during the weekend. Different factors affecting mood and stress at different levels were identified. Fluctuations in individual momentary mood over time at the within-person level were captured.

Conclusions

The EMA method using a mobile phone app demonstrated its ability to capture changes in mood and stress in various environmental contexts in patients with MMD. The results could provide baseline information for developing interventions to manage negative mood and stress of patients with MMD based on the identified predictors affecting mood and stress at two different levels.
A Primer on Usability Assessment Approaches for Health-Related Applications of Virtual Reality (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Timothy , Booth Richard , Jean-Louis Royce , Chan Ryan , Yeung Anthony , Gratzer David , Strudwick Gillian
Published: February 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Health-related virtual reality (VR) applications for patient treatment, rehabilitation, and medical professional training are on the rise. However, there is little guidance on how to select and perform usability evaluations for VR health interventions compared to the supports that exist for other digital health technologies. The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to present an introductory summary of various usability testing approaches or methods that can be used for VR applications. Along with an overview of each, a list of resources is provided for readers to obtain additionally relevant information. Six categories of VR usability evaluations are described using a previously developed classification taxonomy specific to VR environments: (1) cognitive or task walkthrough, (2) graphical evaluation, (3) post hoc questionnaires or interviews, (4) physical performance evaluation, (5) user interface evaluation, and (6) heuristic evaluation. Given the growth of VR in health care, rigorous evaluation and usability testing is crucial in the development and implementation of novel VR interventions. The approaches outlined in this paper provide a starting point for conducting usability assessments for health-related VR applications; however, there is a need to also move beyond these to adopt those from the gaming industry, where assessments for both usability and user experience are routinely conducted.
School of aerospace engineers
Authors: Knyazeva M.D. , Mitrofanov E.M.
Published: February 2020

The authors discuss the project of creating a school of aerospace engineers, as well as the need to take additional measures to expand the opportunities of space education for children. These are promotion of schoolchildren’ s career guidance in the aerospace sphere, popularization of cosmonautics and involvement of young people in engineering and space activities, as well as developing the motivation of the younger generation to choose technical professions related to Cosmonautics, space research and the use of space technologies. Space activities are necessary as a significant incentive for the developing technologies and basic science. The authors propose to promote the intellectual development of students through competitions, research, scientific and project activities. The implementation of the project is a systematic, consistent work of the project team and is to contribute to solving the problem of the students’ career guidance in aerospace education to perform the tasks. Today, the relevance of technical education is very high and there is a need to improve the level of the students’ knowledge in the field of exact Sciences, to emphasize the importance of technical education.
Existência numérica
Authors: Peixoto Irene Mendonça
Published: February 2020

A exposição Existência Numérica apresentou no Oi Futuro obras criadas por artistas brasileiros e estrangeiros no campo da visualização de dados. Com curadoria de Doris Kosminsky, esta exposição permaneceu por dois meses, até novembro de 2018, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A nova linguagem artística da visualização de dados tangencia valores estéticos fundamentais no discurso da arte contemporânea ao mesmo tempo em que discute temas relevantes da sociedade atual como o lugar do indivíduo no ambiente digital. Diversas abordagens artísticas são possíveis a partir de dados numéricos. Assim, a exposição é composta por obras estáticas a partir de dados estabelecidos, obras dinâmicas alimentadas por dados em tempo real e obras interativas. Todas elas tiram partido da representação material dos dados.Visualização de dados; design; arte contemporâneaThe exhibition Numerical Existence (Existência Numérica) exhibited at Oi Futuro, Rio de Janeiro, in 2018, presented works of data visualization created by Brazilian and foreign artists. The exhibition was curated by Doris Kosminsky. As a new artistic language, data visualization addresses fundamental aesthetic values in the discourse of contemporary art. At the same time, it opens to debate relevant contemporary issues such as the place of the individual in the digital environment. Numerical data allow a variety of artistic approaches. Thus, the exhibition is constituted by static works based on established data, dynamic works served by real-time data, as well as interactive works. They all take advantage of material data representation.Data visualization; design; contemporary art
PERHITUNGAN OPTIMASI BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR PADA PEMAKAIAN GENERATOR SET DI BTS
Authors: Badaruddin Badaruddin , Hardiansyah Ferdi
Published: February 2020

Di suatu tower atau BTS yang belum dapat suplai dari PLN sangat di perhatikan khusus, dengan adanya tower di daerah-daerah tertentu yang belum dapat suplai PLN, untuk itu digunakannya generator set sebagai suplai pengganti PLN di suatu tower, karena sangat berperan aktif di tower tersebut.Suplai energi listrik di suatu tower sangat diperlukan, karena digunakan sebagai penguat rectifier dan transmisi lainnya yang ada di tower atau BTS, dan kegunaannya sebagai penyalur sinyal XL di daerah tersebut. PT. Graha Sumber Prima Elektronik telah mengambil PO project CDC rental dari XL, dimana telah dipercaya untuk menjalanankan project ini.Dari pemakaian generator set di suatu tower atau BTS, telah di analisa tentang perhitungan bahan bakar solar yang dikonsumsi oleh generator set tersebut, hasil dari analisa tersebut dilakukan di 2 site berbeda dan mempunayi beban yang berbeda juga. Dan telah didapat hasil dari perhitungan dalam pemakaian genset running selama 12 jam. Kata kunci : Generator,BTS, bahan bakar solar
Trans-Caucasian Region in USA Foreign Policy in 1917–1920
Authors:   Pacific National University, Yurchenko Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: February 2020

The author reveals the connection between the desire of the US government to implement a new concept of foreign policy and the development of the self-determination movement in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, as well as the US attitude to the national issue in the former Russian Empire and the problem of the status of nation-states in 1918–1920. The role of an external factor in the struggle for independence is considered in the paper. Some aspects related to the USA government decision not to recognize new states independence are studied. The factors that had an influence on changes in American policy on this issue, the controversial and inconsistent nature of the policy towards Armenia are explored by the author. The author focuses on inconsistent character of W. Wilson’s government policy to Armenia, and the connection between Transcaucasian policy of the United States and the efforts of the Wilson government to internationalize the Black Sea Straits.
World Cultural Heritage in Europe: New Challenges and Threats
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Egoreichenko Aleksandra Borisovna
Published: February 2020

Damage to or disappearance of cultural heritage constitutes a tragic impoverishment of the property of the whole world, particularly in the European region. Due to the large scale and gravity of the new dangers that threaten it, the international community is involved in the protection and promotion of cultural heritage. The paper studies the new threats and challenges that most destructively affect European cultural heritage. Heritage sites in Europe can be destroyed due to environmental and man-triggered disasters, uncontrolled urbanization, predatory exploitation of nature and cultural sights in commercial purposes, and the rapid development of international tourism. The problem of cultural heritage protection has been institutionally formalized and documented. The UNESCO international organization deals with the World Heritage issues. It compiles a list of objects of cultural and natural significance that are now under protection of all mankind and combines international efforts to preserve and popularize those objects because of their special cultural, historical or environmental significance. In Europe, it is necessary to strengthen public respect for cultural and natural heritage and to inform the public about the dangers threatening it.
I. Kant and E. Condillac: Two Human Image Projects
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University, Tishchenko Natalia Victorovna
Published: February 2020

The paper examines the causes of the modern crisis in philosophical knowledge of man, which is referred to as “anthropological catastrophe”. The purpose of the study is to find the source of the destruction of the “anthropological question” in its classical interpretation, what determines the lack of demand of the classical definition of man and the formation of new forms of perceptions of man. Various authors attribute the anthropological crisis to the technological changes, social and economic transformations of recent years. The reason for this crisis lies in the foundations of European philosophical knowledge of man – in the anthropological concepts of Kant and Condillac. Analysis of basic perceptions of man in European philosophy revealed a fundamental contradiction of anthropological approaches. Classical philosophical knowledge does not explain, analyze or even describe the object of study – the man, but designs his speculative twin. In the end of the study the question of the possibility of a non-European tradition of human exploration is raised.
Human Ecology: Current Trends, Determination Approaches, Regional Dimension
Authors:   Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shekhovtsova Tatiana Nikolayevna
Published: February 2020

The relevance of research in the field of human ecology – both in terms of its theoretical development and further application – at the present stage of development of scientific thought is revealed in the paper. It is noted that the formation of human ecology took several scientific lines in correlation of ecology with biological and social (sociological) components. The history of human ecology is briefly described, a review of scientific views on the problems of human ecology is given, and the contribution of various sciences to the development and formation of human ecology is noted. The special position of human ecology in the system of sciences is designated. The role of medical geography for the development of domestic human ecology is described. Regional anthropoecological studies are given as an example of applied research in the field of human ecology.
Coverage of Political Transformations During Perestroika by Periodicals of Donbass (1985–1991)
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Sarzhan Anatoly Afanasyevich , Poklonsky Aleksandr Olegovich ,   Donetsk National University
Published: February 2020

The policy of perestroika affected all spheres of social and political life of the country. Periodicals have always been regarded as an important means of communication between government and people, but they become crucial during crises in society. The media tried to describe the events in the country as accurately as possible. Publicity, openness, and discussion came to the fore. The main task of the perestroika media was to depict the political realities of the USSR. The newspapers of that period provided unbiased political information and reflected perestroika. The local periodicals of Donbass as well as the national newspapers covered the transformations during perestroika. Articles in such periodicals were both informative and critical. However, the regional policy of perestroika was given very little attention by researchers. Therefore, articles in periodicals are the sources of the ongoing processes in society.
Haunting Vocabulary and Celtic Lexicography: Towards a Taxonomy of Ghost Words
Authors: Harvey Anthony
Published: February 2020

Most Humanities scholars probably have an intuitive sense of what is meant by a “ghost word” – it is a word that, in one way or another, exists as the result of someone’s unrecognized mistake. However, upon closer examination it becomes clear that the term is liable to be employed so broadly that important distinctions can be lost. For one thing, ghost words are often regarded simply as nuisances that should be deleted whenever they are detected. But in practice they often prove to be too useful simply to discard: this article presents some examples that have made their way into active usage among the Celts. In other cases the etymology may indeed be unnatural, but turns out to be the result of more than a hint of deliberate word-crafting right from the start. A taxonomy is here proposed that distinguishes true ghost words and dead words, on the one hand, from active items that may be described as poltergeist words and even Frankenstein words on the other.
Reasons of Customer Preference towards Allopathy versus Ayurvedic therapy
Authors: Hemant Katole
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research article was to identify the reasons of choosing/preferring Allopathy and Ayurvedic medicines in India. Based on the perception about medication therapy, patients either have a choice to prefer allopathy or ayurvedic therapy. In an ultimate combination of allopathic and ayurvedic medication will be very much influenced and used by allopathic doctors. This research helps to know why patient prefer allopathy or ayurvedic therapy, whether demographic parameters affects the selection of medication therapy etc. For this research, the primary data were collected by using structured questionnaire, with sample of 1018 consumers. The findings revealed that 72.88% of the consumers preferred Allopathic medicines in comparison with Ayurvedic (27.11%). Gender wise males preferred Allopathy medication while females prefer ayurvedic medicines. Age-wise, 61% of the respondents who prefer the allopathic system belong to the 21-40yrs age group, while only 22% of respondents who belong to this Age group prefer Ayurvedic as medication therapy. As per as expenses are concerned, 41.06 percent of respondents have a monthly expense on medication of Rs. 1000-5000. Survey also reveals that post-graduated customers prefer Ayurvedic as medication therapy. Customer Prefer Allopathy Therapy because of convenient to hectic Lifestyle and Easily availability of allopathy medicine Customer Prefer Ayurvedic Therapy because of its cheap price followed by no side effect on the human body and inclusion of natural ingredients in ayurvedic medicine
Looking Back at Accident Compensation: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Luntz Harold
Published: February 2020

Soon after ACC was enacted the momentum for comprehensive no-fault reform shifted to Australia, where another Commission led by Sir Owen Woodhouse extended the New Zealand principles to address all forms of incapacity, including sickness, in an integrated scheme. The proposed Australian ACC model suggests the radical potential contained in the original Woodhouse vision, even though political events in Australia followed a different course from those in New Zealand. This paper explains the evolution of the Woodhouse principles in the context of Australian policy and politics, and offers reasons why the proposed scheme never came to enactment.
An Analysis of the Sixth Graders’ Solutions for the Extra Information and Missing Information Word Problems
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Chang Hyewon , Kang Yun Ji , Kim Eun Hye , Choi Hye Ryung
Published: February 2020

This study was intended to derive some implications for designing math classes utilizing extra information and missing information word problems by analyzing students' problem solving processes of these kinds of problems. For the study, we developed two extra information word problems and two missing information word problems, and applied the problems to 23 sixth graders to analyze their problem solving. The results of analysis showed that students relied on their own experience to screen out given information and suppose additional information needed, and that the length and material of the problems had an impact on the problem solving. The results implies that there is a need to deal with various problems in a class with students, that in problem development the context and material of the problem should be determined in consideration of the students' interest, that the problem should be presented with the appropriate length of the problem.
Teacher Community for Mathematics Teachers: its Challenges
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Kim Yeon , Park Mimi
Published: February 2020

As a part of the longitudinal study about teacher community for high school teachers, this study analyzed and compared the two teachers’ lessons for trigonometric functions and their participation in the meetings. Although the two teachers together have participated in the teacher community in two years, their instruction was different in terms of conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge. Furthermore, they were differently aware of professional obligation for mathematics teachers. Based on the analysis, the current study discussed teachers as learners and professional obligation for mathematics teacher education.
Narrative Bonds in Sophocles’Philoctetes
Authors: Dunn Francis
Published: February 2020

The telling of stories can generate powerful affective bonds between individuals. This is especially evident in Sophocles’ Philoctetes, where stories arouse feelings and attachments that lead characters to reverse course at three crucial moments in the drama.
To the basics of clinical thinking formalization. Main terms with conceptual meaning
Authors: Poberezhnyi Viktor , Katilov Oleksandr , Marchuk Oleksandr , Shvydiuk Oleh , Petrik Iryna , Lohvinov Oleksii
Published: February 2020

Medicine’s condition is one of the most relevant scientific and socio-economic problems of the mankind. Eclecticism, presence of multiple contradictions and compilations are typical at the modern stage of it as of a knowledge system. First of all, this state of medicine is conditioned by the absence of systematic structural and functional organization of the human body in the medical scientific and practical activity. Formation of the systematic thinking on the basis of the knowledge about human body as a system is necessary for the solution of this problem. The system of special meanings forms scientific knowledge that determines the form and corresponding thinking method. Knowledge is a reflection of objective reality in our consciousness, represented in symbols of the formal language matrix.
Clinical thinking – specialized form of the internal speech. Its structural units are corresponding definitions, terms and notions. At the same time they are its tools and methods. Certain group of terms has a conceptual meaning for the formation and development of clinical thinking.
Bezpieczeństwo informacyjne w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Gerwatowski Jacek
Published: February 2020

This article analyses issues in the feld of information and IT securityand attempts to explain what is meant by information security and presentspotential opportunities and threats in this feld. The article discusses various types of information security threats, from those with a “traditional” character, such as espionage, through to threats resulting from the developmentof new technologies, e.g. cyber-terrorism and threats resulting from the activities of natural forces. The article presents the tasks of public administration and local government units in the feld of information security resulting,inter alia, from the provisions of the Act on access to public information orregulations on the protection of personal data.
Wybrane prawnokarne aspekty ochrony praw autorskich
Authors: Kalinowska-Maksim Iga
Published: February 2020

This article refers to the issues associated with crimes against intellectual property that are regulated in the act of copyright and related rights.The most relevant questions connected with the application of the regulations, especially article 115 and 116 copyright and related rights and a fewother acts discussed in the text. There was also an elaboration of the fundamental rights that are protected by this act. The topic, which was frst elaborated from the theoretic view, was further collated with controversial practical examples. Development of the technology may cause problems with theapplication of the regulations. Plagiarism is mostly associated with literarycompositions. In the article, an example of modern art was submitted. Itappears that the issue of plagiarism is not very clear in practice, since it ispossible to be inspired by the same subjects. Moreover, there are things thatare not protected by copyright law, because of their common character. Theavailability and ease of re-enactment and reproduction of compositions thatare protected by copyright involve signifcant risks and potential violationsof these rights. An example was given in a case with tattoos and their copyrights, but also their penal law protection. The imprecise and abstract character of copyrights may be a starting point to abuse the protection of copyrights and related rights in civil as well as criminal law.
Zasada słuszności jako przesłanka odpowiedzialności władzy publicznej
Authors: Konieczna Kinga
Published: February 2020

This article presents the issue of liability for legal damages caused bypublic authorities. It contains analyses of the premises and current problemsconcerning this type of civil liability. Various points of view are presented fortheoretical aspects of the topic and their inﬂuence on the application of thediscussed regulations in practice. The author proposes solutions for the future that may contribute to strengthening the legal protection of the victims.
Thirty-day readmission risk after intracranial tumor resection surgeries in children
Authors: Janjua M. Burhan , Reddy Sumanth , Welch William C. , Samdani Amer F. , Ozturk Ali K. , Hwang Steven W. , Price Angela V. , Weprin Bradley E. , Swift Dale M.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

The risk of readmission after brain tumor resection among pediatric patients has not been defined. The authors’ objective was to evaluate the readmission rates and predictors of readmission after pediatric brain tumor resection.

METHODS

Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) data sets from 2010 to 2014 were searched for unplanned readmissions within 30 days of the discharge date after pediatric brain tumor resection. Patient demographic variables included sex, age, expected payment source (Medicaid or private insurance), and median annual household income. Readmission events for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or further tumor resection were not included.

RESULTS

Of 282 patients (12.7%) readmitted within 30 days of the index event, the median time to readmission was 10 days (IQR 5–19 days). The most common reason for readmission was hydrocephalus, which accounted for 19% of readmission events. Other CNS-related complications (24%), surgical site infections or septicemia (14%), seizures (7%), and hematological disorders (7%) accounted for other major readmission events. The median charge for readmission events was $35,431, and the median length of readmission stay was 4 days. In multivariate regression, factors associated with a significant increase in readmission risk included Medicaid as the primary payor, discharge from the index event with home health services, and fluid and electrolyte disorders during the index event.

CONCLUSIONS

More than 10% of pediatric brain tumor patients have unplanned readmission events within 30 days of discharge after tumor resection. Medicaid patients and those with preoperative or early postoperative fluid and electrolyte disturbances may benefit from early or frequent outpatient visits after tumor resection.
The role of screening spinal MRI in children with solitary posterior fossa low-grade glial tumors
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Fischer Neal , Limbrick David D. , CreveCoeur Travis , Ben-Sira Liat , Constantini Shlomi
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Solitary posterior fossa low-grade glial tumors (SPFLGT) in children are rarely associated with leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD). To date, there are no clear guidelines regarding the role of screening and surveillance spinal MRI (sMRI) in children with SPFLGT, at diagnosis or during follow-up periods. The current study reviews a cohort of children with SPFLGT, focusing on sMRI findings.

METHODS

In this binational retrospective study, the authors analyzed 229 patients with SPFLGT treated and followed over 13 years. One hundred twelve children had at least 1 total sMRI screening or surveillance examination. One hundred seventeen had no sMRI, but did not present with clinical spinal signs or symptoms. Collected data included demographics, disease characteristics, radiology, pathology, and clinical follow-up data.

RESULTS

For the 112 children with at least 1 sMRI, the mean duration from diagnosis to first sMRI was 11.73 ± 28.66 months (range 0–165 months). All sMRI scans were conducted as screening examinations, with no spinal-related symptoms. One patient was found to have a sacral intradural lesion concurrent to the brain tumor diagnosis. Over the course of 180 radiological and 533 clinical follow-up years for the 112 patients with sMRI, and 582 clinical follow-up years for the 117 patients with no sMRI, there were no additional cases with spinal tumor spread.

CONCLUSIONS

The yield of screening sMRI in the absence of cranial metastasis, or spinal symptoms, is extremely low. Because preoperative sMRI is recommended for medulloblastomas and ependymomas, it may be logical to acquire. During the follow-up period the authors recommend limiting sMRI in patients without symptoms suggesting a spinal lesion, in patients without known cranial metastases, or recurrence or residual SPFLGT.