bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon Nitride Encapsulated Silicon Nanocrystals for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Weeks Stephen L. , Leick Noemi , Agarwal Sumit
Published: December 2015

Silicon nitride (SiNx) is a promising passivation material for Si nanocrystal (NC)‐based anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. We report a single‐step plasma synthesis process for growing SiNx‐encapsulated Si NCs. In this process, nucleation and growth of the Si NCs occurred in the upstream region of a continuous‐flow tubular plasma reactor via dissociation and polymerization of SiH4 diluted in Ar. The Si NC surface was nitrided downstream via N2 injection into the plasma afterglow. Infrared spectra show a N‐rich SiNx coating, with some SiSi surface bonds that remained intact with no N insertion. Photoluminescence spectra show a Si NC core with an average diameter of ∼4 nm. These SiNx‐coated Si NCs remained susceptible to oxidation in the ambient, which reduced the Si core by approximately a monolayer. Optical emission spectra from the downstream glow region show that excited N2 species likely led to surface Si nitridation.
40 Jahre industrielles Magnetron‐Sputtern in Europa
Authors: Seyfert Ulf , Heisig Ulrich , Teschner Götz , Strümpfel Johannes
Published: December 2015

Im Oktober 1974 wurde die erste durch einen Ringspalt‐Magnet unterstützte Magnetronentladung am damaligen Forschungsinstitut Manfred von Ardenne (IvA) in Dresden ausgeführt. An ähnlichen Entwicklungen wurde zu dieser Zeit auch in anderen europäischen Ländern und den USA gearbeitet. Anlässlich dieses vierzigsten Jubiläums beschreibt der vorliegende Beitrag — mit überwiegendem Blick auf Europa — die Entwicklung der ersten Magnetrons und die antreibenden Faktoren für ihre Weiterentwicklung. Er illustriert den Fortschritt von den Anfängen der Sputtertechnik mit kleinen kreisförmigen Sputterquellen bis hin zu einer verlässlichen industriell einsetzbaren Technologie mit bewährten Lösungen zur Beschichtung großflächiger Substrate.
A History of Britain, 1885-1939
Authors: Davis John
Published: December 2015

The period between 1885 and 1939 was a pivotal half century in British history, in which the Victorian political system yielded to a system far more recognisably modern, in response to popular pressure for social reform and the implications of global superpower status. Dr Davis relates these political developments to the background of social and economic change and to the consequences of Britain's position as an imperial power. Drawing extensively upon the new historical scholarship of the 1980s and 1990s, John Davis presents an original analysis of political change in a crucial period of Britain's recent past.
Multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of yeasts and related fungi in the Ustilaginomycotina
Authors: Wang Q.-M. , Begerow D. , Groenewald M. , Liu X.-Z. , Theelen B. , Bai F.-Y. , Boekhout T.
Published: December 2015

The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) comprises mainly plant pathogenic fungi (smuts). Some of the lineages possess cultivable unicellular stages that are usually classified as yeast or yeast-like species in a largely artificial taxonomic system
which is independent from and largely incompatible with that of the smut fungi. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses based on seven genes including three nuclear ribosomal RNA genes and four protein coding genes to address the molecular phylogeny of the ustilaginomycetous yeast species
and their filamentous counterparts. Taxonomic revisions were proposed to reflect this phylogeny and to implement the ‘One Fungus = One Name’ principle. The results confirmed that the yeast-containing classes Malasseziomycetes, Moniliellomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes
are monophyletic, whereas Exobasidiomycetes in the current sense remains paraphyletic. Four new genera, namely Dirkmeia gen. nov., Kalmanozyma gen. nov., Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. are proposed to accommodate Pseudozyma and Tilletiopsis
species that are distinct from the other smut taxa and belong to clades that are separate from those containing type species of the hitherto described genera. Accordingly, new orders Golubeviales ord. nov. with Golubeviaceae fam. nov. and Robbauerales ord. nov. with Robbaueraceae
fam. nov. are proposed to accommodate the sisterhood of Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. with other orders of Exobasidiomycetes. The majority of the remaining anamorphic yeast species are transferred to corresponding teleomorphic genera based on strongly supported
phylogenetic affinities, resulting in the proposal of 28 new combinations. The taxonomic status of a few Pseudozyma species remains to be determined because of their uncertain phylogenetic positions. We propose to use the term pro tempore or pro tem. in abbreviation to
indicate the single-species lineages that are temporarily maintained.
The Mallia ‘wasp’ pendant reconsidered
Authors: Kitchell Kenneth F.
Published: December 2015

The small, golden pendant from the Minoan settlement of Mallia on the island of Crete (PL. 1) is one of the best known pieces of jewellery from Minoan, if not all, prehistoric times. First published in 1930 (Demargne, 1930), it was unearthed in the Chrysolakkos cemetery area of the palace at Mallia. Although dating is difficult, the piece is usually assigned a date in Middle Minoan times, generally to MM I, between roughly 2000 and 1700 BC (Demargne, 1930, 419; Evans, 1935, 75–6; Higgins, 1967, 47, 199).
Gender analysis in the development and validation of FFQ: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Hanna , Kang Minji , Song Won Ok , Shim Jae Eun , Paik Hee Young
Published: December 2015

FFQ comprising food items, intake frequency categories and portion sizes have been used in large-scale observational studies to assess long-term dietary exposure. Although gender is an important influence on food choice and portion size, gender differences are not often analysed during FFQ development. This study investigated whether gender differences were considered sufficiently when developing FFQ, which affects the results of validation studies. A PubMed search using combinations of ‘FFQ’, ‘Food Frequency Questionnaire’, ‘Validation’ and ‘Validity’ identified 246 validation studies available in English, published between January 1983 and May 2014, which included healthy male and female adults. The development process of the 196 FFQ used in the 246 validation studies was examined. Of these, twenty-one FFQ (10·7 %) considered gender during item selection or portion size determination, and were therefore classified as gender specific (GS), but 175 (89·3 %) did not consider gender, and were classified as ‘not gender specific (NGS)’. When the ratios between intake levels obtained using the FFQ and a reference method for energy and seven nutrients were compared between the GS group and the NGS group, more significant differences were observed in women than in men (four v. one nutrient). Intake of three nutrients was significantly underestimated in both sexes in the GS group. In the NGS group, nutrient intakes were significantly overestimated more often in women than in men (four v. one). These results indicate that not considering gender in FFQ development causes greater inaccuracy in dietary intake assessment in women than in men. Results of nutritional epidemiological studies should be re-evaluated for their validity, especially if the studies used NGS-FFQ.
An Interview with Young Jean Lee
Authors: Overbeke Grace
Published: December 2015

Identified by Time Out New York as “one of the best experimental playwrights in America” and hailed by the New York Times as “the most adventurous downtown playwright of her generation,” Young Jean Lee (Fig. 1) is actively shaping the future of the American theatre. In 2003, she founded Young Jean Lee's Theater Company, through which she has written and directed ten productions. Her full-length plays, including The Shipment and Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven, have been published in four collections and performed worldwide. In 2013, she released her first short film, Here Come the Girls, and her debut album, We're Gonna Die. In the following interview, Young Jean Lee reflects on the role of humor in her plays, discusses her collaborative process, and reveals the two rules that she would never break in the theatre.
A closed-form solution for the position analysis of a novel fully spherical parallel manipulator – ERRATUM
Authors: Enferadi Javad , Shahi Amir
Published: December 2015

There was an error in the spelling of the author's affiliation. Where the affiliation read “Department of mechanical engineering, Mashad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashad, Iran” it should instead have read “Department of mechanical engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran”.

The publisher regrets this error.
A deserted desert
Authors: Bulley Michael
Published: December 2015

This article is about a small group of words in English, ones beginning with the prefix , followed by
 and a vowel. If we omit rare words and obvious derivations, we end up with the following list:

desalinate, desaturate, desecrate, desegregate, deselect, desensitise, desert, deserve, desiccate, design, designate, desire, desist, desolate, desuetude, desultory
‘Everybody learns English, and so do I’: The dominance of English and its effects on individuals
Authors: Huang I-Chen
Published: December 2015

In some Asia-Pacific countries, English is neither an ethnic heritage nor a colonial legacy. The dominant position of English can also be a result of it being the common language for worldwide communication. The superiority of the English language in such countries manifests itself in language policy and national curricula which leads to a frantic pursuit of English. An educational trend in China, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam is to start English instruction early to give children an edge in second language acquisition. A rationale used for this is the positive relationship between a nation's international competiveness and the English language competence of its citizens (Baldauf & Nguyen, 2013; Hu, 2009; Park, 2009). One example of a nationwide English learning movement is ‘the-earlier-the-better’ in Taiwan. To win elections, electoral candidates used to propose English instruction to be available at Grade 1 (age of 6) although the Ministry of Education ruled for Grade 5 (age of 10) to be the year for English to be introduced (Chang, 2009). Another example of early English learning is overseas study in South Korea. Young children are sent to North America to receive long-term education so that they can learn to speak English without a Korean accent (Song, 2010).
THE STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF MORPHOLOGICALLY COMPLEX WORDS IN L2 SPANISH
Authors: Foote Rebecca
Published: December 2015

Research with native speakers indicates that, during word recognition, regularly inflected words undergo parsing that segments them into stems and affixes. In contrast, studies with learners suggest that this parsing may not take place in L2. This study’s research questions are: Do L2 Spanish learners store and process regularly inflected, morphologically complex words like native speakers? Does this depend on proficiency? Does type of inflection (verbal or adjectival) play a role? Native speakers, advanced learners, and intermediate learners of Spanish completed two lexical-decision tasks. Response times were measured to target words (verbs or adjectives) preceded by masked primes that were either identical to the targets, morphologically, orthographically, or semantically related, or unrelated. All groups responded more quickly to targets when they were preceded by identical and morphologically related primes than when they were preceded by unrelated primes, with no differences due to either proficiency or inflection type.
An Historical Examination of the Development of Emergency Medical Services Education in the US through Key Reports (1966-2014)
Authors: Brooks Ingrid A. , Sayre Michael R. , Spencer Caroline , Archer Frank L.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) approach to emergency prehospital care in the United States (US) has global influence. As the 50-year anniversary of modern US EMS approaches, there is value in examining US EMS education development over this period. This report describes US EMS education milestones and identifies themes that provide context to readers outside the US.

Method

As US EMS education is described mainly in publications of federal US EMS agencies and associations, a Google search and hand searching of documents identified publications in the public domain. MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus were searched for peer reviewed publications. Documents were reviewed using both a chronological and thematic approach.

Results

Seventy-eight documents and 685 articles were screened, the full texts of 175 were reviewed, and 41 were selected for full review. Four historical periods in US EMS education became apparent: EMS education development (1966-1980); EMS education consolidation and review (1981-1989); EMS education reflection and change (1990-1999); and EMS education for the future (2000-2014). Four major themes emerged: legislative authority, physician direction, quality, and development of the profession.

Conclusion

Documents produced through broad interprofessional consultations, with support from federal and US EMS authorities, reflect the catalysts for US EMS education development. The current model of US EMS education provides a structure to enhance educational quality into the future. Implementation evaluation of this model would be a valuable addition to the US EMS literature. The themes emerging from this review assist the understanding of the characteristics of US EMS education.

BrooksIA, SayreMR, SpencerC, ArcherFL. An historical examination of the development of Emergency Medical Services education in the US through key reports (1966-2014). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):90–97.
SCIENCE AND SUPERNATURALISM
Authors: Dore Clement
Published: December 2015

In the first section of this paper, I discuss a quantum mechanical account, which is endorsed by the MIT physicist, Alan Guth, of the origin of what Guth believes to have been an absolutely first universe. I argue that, though his explanation is unsound, there is no reason to think that it needs to be replaced by a supernaturalist one. In the second section, I argue that though Professor Steven Weinberg's tentative explanation of the apparent fine-tuning of the cosmological constant is unacceptable, we need not accept a supernaturalist account of the coming about of intelligent life.
Early detection and successful treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient with advanced carcinoma of the external genitalia during chemotherapy
Authors: Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi , Toyama Hiroaki , Tanahashi Iori , Ikebuchi Kenji , Taji Yoshitada , Fujiwara Keiichi , Akechi Tatsuo
Published: December 2015

Objective:

Few reports of Wernicke encephalopathy in oncological settings have been published. Some cases of Wernicke encephalopathy are related to appetite loss; however, the degree to which loss of appetite leads to thiamine deficiency is not known.

Method:

A 63-year-old female with advanced cancer of the external genitalia was referred for psychiatric consultation because of disorientation, insomnia, and bizarre behaviors. Her symptoms fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for delirium. Routine laboratory examinations did not reveal the cause of the delirium. Thiamine deficiency was suspected because appetite loss had continued for 19 days since she had been admitted to hospital.

Results:

Intravenous administration of thiamine resulted in recovery from the delirium within three days. Serum thiamine level was found to be 16 ng/ml (normal range: 24–66 ng/ml). The clinical findings, the low level of thiamine in the serum, and the effective alleviation of delirious symptoms after thiamine administration fulfilled Francis's criteria for delirium induced by thiamine deficiency.

Significance of results:

Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy in cancer patients, especially in those with loss of appetite for longer than 18 days. The degree of appetite loss in such patients might serve as a reference. Early detection and intervention may alleviate the symptoms of delirium and prevent irreversible brain damage.
Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen – Definitionen, Einteilung, Risikofaktoren und Pharmakovigilance
Authors: Krähenbühl Stephan
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) bilden die Kehrseite wirksamer Pharmakotherapien und sind nur zum Teil vermeidbar. Für bestimmte UAW sind Risikofaktoren bekannt, welche bei der Wahl und Dosierung von kritischen Pharmakotherapien berücksichtigt werden sollten. Für schwerwiegende UAW und UAW von neu auf den Markt gekommenen Medikamenten besteht für Medizinalpersonen eine gesetzliche Meldepflicht. Solche Meldungen sind wichtig für die Verfolgung der Sicherheit von Medikamenten, welche sich auf dem Markt befinden.
Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen in der Offizinapotheke
Authors: Arnet Isabelle , Seidling Hanna M. , Hersberger Kurt E.
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Apotheker und Apothekerinnen sind eine wichtige Stütze bei der Erkennung und Meldung von unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW). Sie können dadurch bei einem umfassenden, die Selbstmedikation einschliessenden Überblick, einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Arzneimittel(therapie-)sicherheit leisten. Im Prinzip gibt es in der öffentlichen Apotheke drei Gruppen von UAW, die besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdienen, auf die dieser Artikel mit konkreten Praxisbeispielen eingeht. Ferner schlagen wir Lösungsansätze zum Erkennen von potentiell relevanten Wechselwirkungen – inklusiv Pflanze-Arzneistoff-Wechselwirkungen – vor und geben Tipps für die Praxis, einschliesslich der Beachtung von oftmals übersehenen kutanen UAW.
Sexuelle Klagen im Zusammenhang mit Medikamenten
Authors: Taegtmeyer Anne B. , Krähenbühl Stephan
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Arzneistoffe können sexuelle Funktionen durch zentralnervöse, peripher (autonomisch) nervöse oder auch durch hormonelle Effekte beeinflussen. Da viele Patienten nicht von sich aus über ihr Sexualleben berichten, ist es wichtig, Patienten mit kritischen Medikamenten auf mögliche sexuelle Dysfunktion anzusprechen. Kritische Medikamente in Bezug auf sexuelle Funktion sind sedierende Arzneistoffe, Medikamente welche die zentralen Serotonin-, Dopamin- und/oder Prolaktin-Signalwege beeinflussen sowie auch gewisse Antihypertensiva. Dabei zu beachten ist allerdings, dass die Indikationen für diese Therapien, wie z. B. Schizophrenie, Depressionen, metabolisches Syndrom, selbst mit sexueller Dysfunktion einhergehen können. Falls eine störende sexuelle Dysfunktion vorliegt, kann primär das beschuldigte Medikament durch eines mit weniger unerwünschten Wirkungen ersetzt werden. Bei Männern bietet sich darüber hinaus auch die Verwendung von Phosphodiesterase 5-Inhibitoren an, welche sowohl bei Patienten mit Psychopathien oder auch bei solchen mit Hypertonie sicher sind.
Zwangssymptome im Netzwerkmodell
Authors: Semino Laura , Danay Erik
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das Netzwerkmodell psychischer Erkrankungen geht im Gegensatz zur Latente-Variablen-Theorie davon aus, dass psychische Erkrankungen dynamische Netzwerke von nebeneinander liegenden Symptomen sind und keine latenten, monokausalen Eigenschaften. Fragestellung: Es wird die Struktur der Zwangsstörung im Netzwerkmodell, eingebettet in Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (Big Five, Magisches Denken, Angst, Emotionale Intelligenz) und in Abgrenzung zu Depression untersucht. Methode: Dafür füllten 293 Probanden sieben Fragebögen aus. Ergebnisse: Im Netzwerkmodell wird die Nähe der Zusammenhänge innerhalb der Symptome der Zwangsstörung deutlich, ebenso werden die Symptomlinien zwischen Zwang und Depression und weiteren Persönlichkeitseigenschaften sichtbar, woran sich die Komplexität der gegenseitigen Dynamik ablesen lässt. Schlussfolgerungen: Der dynamische Blick auf psychische Störungen erlaubt andere Zugangs- und Betrachtungsweisen, welche Implikationen für klinisch-psychologische Forschung und Praxis haben können.
Sekundäre Traumatisierung bei Traumatherapeutinnen
Authors: Püttker Katja , Thomsen Tamara , Bockmann Ann-Katrin
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Traumatherapeutinnen sind durch ihre Arbeit mit traumatisierten Patientinnen einem erhöhten Risiko sekundärer Traumatisierung (ST) ausgesetzt. Insbesondere wird hierbei die empathische Reaktion als möglicher Risikofaktor diskutiert. Fragestellung: Weder der Zusammenhang von Empathie und ST, noch mögliche schützende Copingfähigkeiten wurden jedoch eingehend untersucht. Insbesondere akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten (z. B. Umdeutung belastender Problemlagen), sollten das Risiko einer ST verringern. Methode: An einer Stichprobe von N = 312 Traumatherapeutinnen wird untersucht, ob die Empathiefähigkeit einen Risikofaktor für ST darstellt und akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten diesen Zusammenhang abmildern können. Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Empathiefähigkeit und ST, sowie eine moderierende Wirkung der Akkommodationsfähigkeit. Schlussfolgerungen: Empathiefähigkeit kann als Risikofaktor einer ST angesehen werden, dieser schädliche Zusammenhang kann jedoch durch Schutzfaktoren (akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten) abgemildert werden.
A novel APC mosaicism in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Iwaizumi Moriya , Tao Hong , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Yamada Hidetaka , Shinmura Kazuya , Kahyo Tomoaki , Yamanaka Yoshiyuki , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Sugimoto Ken , Furukawa Yoichi , Sugimura Haruhiko
Published: December 2015

Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze a patient with sporadic familial adenomatous polyposis in whom no APC mutations were found by Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel APC mosaicism at a spliced donor site (c.834+2 T>C) in his leukocytes, normal colonic mucosa and adenoma. The detection of APC mosaicism using NGS can be useful in providing appropriate genetic counseling and surveillance of at risk family members as well as the proband.
Repression of AKT signaling by ARQ 092 in cells and tissues from patients with Proteus syndrome
Authors: Lindhurst Marjorie J. , Yourick Miranda R. , Yu Yi , Savage Ronald E. , Ferrari Dora , Biesecker Leslie G.
Published: December 2015

A somatic activating mutation in AKT1, c.49G>A, pGlu17Lys, that results in elevated AKT signaling in mutation-positive cells, is responsible for the mosaic overgrowth condition, Proteus syndrome. ARQ 092 is an allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor under development for treatment in cancer. We tested the efficacy of this drug for suppressing AKT signaling in cells and tissues from patients with Proteus syndrome. ARQ 092 reduced phosphorylation of AKT and downstream targets of AKT in a concentration-dependent manner in as little as two hours. While AKT signaling was suppressed with ARQ 092 treatment, cells retained their ability to respond to growth factor stimulation by increasing pAKT levels proportionally to untreated cells. At concentrations sufficient to decrease AKT signaling, little reduction in cell viability was seen. These results indicate that ARQ 092 can suppress AKT signaling and warrants further development as a therapeutic option for patients with Proteus syndrome.
Evaluation of follistatin as a therapeutic in models of skeletal muscle atrophy associated with denervation and tenotomy
Authors: Sepulveda Patricio V. , Lamon Séverine , Hagg Adam , Thomson Rachel E. , Winbanks Catherine E. , Qian Hongwei , Bruce Clinton R. , Russell Aaron P. , Gregorevic Paul
Published: December 2015

Follistatin is an inhibitor of TGF-β superfamily ligands that repress skeletal muscle growth and promote muscle wasting. Accordingly, follistatin has emerged as a potential therapeutic to ameliorate the deleterious effects of muscle atrophy. However, it remains unclear whether the anabolic effects of follistatin are conserved across different modes of non-degenerative muscle wasting. In this study, the delivery of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector expressing follistatin (rAAV:Fst) to the hind-limb musculature of mice two weeks prior to denervation or tenotomy promoted muscle hypertrophy that was sufficient to preserve muscle mass comparable to that of untreated sham-operated muscles. However, administration of rAAV:Fst to muscles at the time of denervation or tenotomy did not prevent subsequent muscle wasting. Administration of rAAV:Fst to innervated or denervated muscles increased protein synthesis, but markedly reduced protein degradation only in innervated muscles. Phosphorylation of the signalling proteins mTOR and S6RP, which are associated with protein synthesis, was increased in innervated muscles administered rAAV:Fst, but not in treated denervated muscles. These results demonstrate that the anabolic effects of follistatin are influenced by the interaction between muscle fibres and motor nerves. These findings have important implications for understanding the potential efficacy of follistatin-based therapies for non-degenerative muscle wasting.
Non-linear, non-monotonic effect of nano-scale roughness on particle deposition in absence of an energy barrier: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Jin Chao , Glawdel Tomasz , Ren Carolyn L. , Emelko Monica B.
Published: December 2015

Deposition of colloidal- and nano-scale particles on surfaces is critical to numerous natural and engineered environmental, health and industrial applications ranging from drinking water treatment to semi-conductor manufacturing. Nano-scale surface roughness-induced hydrodynamic impacts on particle deposition were evaluated in the absence of an energy barrier to deposition in a parallel plate system. A non-linear, non-monotonic relationship between deposition surface roughness and particle deposition flux was observed and a critical roughness size associated with minimum deposition flux or “sag effect” was identified. This effect was more significant for nanoparticles (<1 μm) than for colloids and was numerically simulated using a Convective-Diffusion model and experimentally validated. Inclusion of flow field and hydrodynamic retardation effects explained particle deposition profiles better than when only the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) force was considered. This work provides 1) a first comprehensive framework for describing the hydrodynamic impacts of nano-scale surface roughness on particle deposition by unifying hydrodynamic forces (using the most current approaches for describing flow field profiles and hydrodynamic retardation effects) with appropriately modified expressions for DLVO interaction energies and gravity forces in one model and 2) a foundation for further describing the impacts of more complicated scales of deposition surface roughness on particle deposition.
Critical roles for murine Reck in the regulation of vascular patterning and stabilization
Authors: de Almeida Glícia Maria , Yamamoto Mako , Morioka Yoko , Ogawa Shuichiro , Matsuzaki Tomoko , Noda Makoto
Published: December 2015

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play several important roles in vascular development, although the molecular mechanisms behind these remain largely unknown. RECK, a tumor suppressor downregulated in a wide variety of cancers, encodes a membrane-anchored matrix-metalloproteinase-regulator. Mice lacking functional Reck die in utero, demonstrating its importance for mammalian embryogenesis; however, the underlying causes of mid-gestation lethality remain unclear. Using Reck conditional knockout mice, we have now demonstrated that the lack of Reck in vascular mural cells is largely responsible for mid-gestation lethality. Experiments using cultured aortic explants further revealed that Reck is essential for at least two events in sprouting angiogenesis; (1) correct association of mural and endothelial tip cells to the microvessels and (2) maintenance of fibronectin matrix surrounding the vessels. These findings demonstrate the importance of appropriate cell-cell interactions and ECM maintenance for angiogenesis and the involvement of Reck as a critical regulator of these events.
Genipin inhibits NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation via autophagy suppression
Authors: Yu Shui-Xing , Du Chong-Tao , Chen Wei , Lei Qian-Qian , Li Ning , Qi Shuai , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Hu Gui-Qiu , Deng Xu-Ming , Han Wen-Yu , Yang Yong-Jun
Published: December 2015

Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic, multiprotein complexes that trigger caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation in response to diverse stimuli. Although inflammasomes play important roles in host defense against microbial infection, overactive inflammasomes are deleterious and lead to various autoinflammatory diseases. In the current study, we demonstrated that genipin inhibits the induction of IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation by NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Furthermore, genipin specifically prevented NLRP3-mediated, but not NLRC4-mediated, ASC oligomerization. Notably, genipin inhibited autophagy, leading to NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome inhibition. UCP2-ROS signaling may be involved in inflammasome suppression by genipin. In vivo, we showed that genipin inhibited NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production and neutrophil flux in LPS- and alum-induced murine peritonitis. Additionally, genipin provided protection against flagellin-induced lung inflammation by reducing IL-1β production and neutrophil recruitment. Collectively, our results revealed a novel role in inhibition of inflammatory diseases for genipin that has been used as therapeutics for centuries in herb medicine.
Identifying transcription start sites and active enhancer elements using BruUV-seq
Authors: Magnuson Brian , Veloso Artur , Kirkconnell Killeen S. , Lima Leonardo Carmo de Andrade , Paulsen Michelle T. , Ljungman Emily A. , Bedi Karan , Prasad Jayendra , Wilson Thomas E. , Ljungman Mats
Published: December 2015

BruUV-seq utilizes UV light to introduce transcription-blocking DNA lesions randomly in the genome prior to bromouridine-labeling and deep sequencing of nascent RNA. By inhibiting transcription elongation, but not initiation, pre-treatment with UV light leads to a redistribution of transcription reads resulting in the enhancement of nascent RNA signal towards the 5′-end of genes promoting the identification of transcription start sites (TSSs). Furthermore, transcripts associated with arrested RNA polymerases are protected from 3′–5′ degradation and thus, unstable transcripts such as putative enhancer RNA (eRNA) are dramatically increased. Validation of BruUV-seq against GRO-cap that identifies capped run-on transcripts showed that most BruUV-seq peaks overlapped with GRO-cap signal over both TSSs and enhancer elements. Finally, BruUV-seq identified putative enhancer elements induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment concomitant with expression of nearby TNF-induced genes. Taken together, BruUV-seq is a powerful new approach for identifying TSSs and active enhancer elements genome-wide in intact cells.
Identification of climate factors related to human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 and H5N1 viruses in China
Authors: Li Jing , Rao Yuhan , Sun Qinglan , Wu Xiaoxu , Jin Jiao , Bi Yuhai , Chen Jin , Lei Fumin , Liu Qiyong , Duan Ziyuan , Ma Juncai , Gao George F. , Liu Di , Liu Wenjun
Published: December 2015

Human influenza infections display a strongly seasonal pattern. However, whether H7N9 and H5N1 infections correlate with climate factors has not been examined. Here, we analyzed 350 cases of H7N9 infection and 47 cases of H5N1 infection. The spatial characteristics of these cases revealed that H5N1 infections mainly occurred in the South, Middle and Northwest of China, while the occurrence of H7N9 was concentrated in coastal areas of East and South of China. Aside from spatial-temporal characteristics, the most adaptive meteorological conditions for the occurrence of human infections by these two viral subtypes were different. We found that H7N9 infections correlate with climate factors, especially temperature (TEM) and relative humidity (RHU), while H5N1 infections correlate with TEM and atmospheric pressure (PRS). Hence, we propose a risky window (TEM 4–14 °C and RHU 65–95%) for H7N9 infection and (TEM 2–22 °C and PRS 980-1025 kPa) for H5N1 infection. Our results represent the first step in determining the effects of climate factors on two different virus infections in China and provide warning guidelines for the future when provinces fall into the risky windows. These findings revealed integrated predictive meteorological factors rooted in statistic data that enable the establishment of preventive actions and precautionary measures against future outbreaks.
Difference in left renal vein pressure: an indicator for free of reconstruction after ligation in retroperitoneal tumor patients
Authors: Miao Chengli , Xiao Mengmeng , Li Tengyan , Liu Gang , Liu Xing , Kong Yue , Luo Chenghua
Published: December 2015

We hypothesized that the left renal vein pressure difference (ΔP) before and after the ligation can serve as an objective indicator for free of reconstruction after resection of a retroperitoneal tumor with renal segment of inferior vena cava and right kidney. After established a model of left renal vein compression, 45 miniature pigs were operated on experimental procedures including renal segment of inferior vena cava resection, right nephrectomy and left renal vein ligation. The ΔPs of left renal vein before and after the ligation were measured. Safe ΔP variation without causing acute kidney injury was calculated using regression analysis. In human the safety range of ΔP before and after ligation of the left renal vein was calculated by diuretic response test. The safety range of ΔP in animals or human was 0–11.9 or 0–17.5 cm H2O, respectively. The renal function changed dramatically (p < 0.01), characterized by a significant increase in the rate of acute kidney injury when the ΔP was beyond the upper limit of the safety range. In conclusion, ΔP can predict free of reconstruction after resection of a retroperitoneal tumor with the renal segment of the inferior vena cava and the right kidney.
Magnetically controlled planar hyperbolic metamaterials for subwavelength resolution
Authors: Cheng Bo Han , Chen Hong Wen , Chang Kai Jiun , Lan Yung-Chiang , Tsai Din Ping
Published: December 2015

Breaking diffraction limitation is one of the most important issues and still remains to be solved for the demand of high-density optoelectronic components, especially for the photolithography industry. Since the scattered signals of fine feature (i.e. the size is smaller than half of the illuminating wavelength λ) are evanescent, these signals cannot be captured by using conventional glass- or plastic-based optical lens. Hence the corresponding fine feature is lost. In this work, we propose and analyze a magnetically controlled InSb-dielectric multi-layered structure with ability of subwavelength resolution at THz region. This layered structure can resolve subwavelength structures at different frequencies merely changing the magnitude of external magnetic field. Furthermore, the resolving power for a fixed incident frequency can be increased by only increasing the magnitude of applied external magnetic field. By using transfer matrix method and effective medium approach, the mechanism of achieving super resolution is elucidated. The electromagnetic numerical simulation results also prove the rationality and feasibility of the proposed design. Because the proposed device can be dynamically reconfigured by simply changing the magnitude of external magnetic field, it would provide a practical route for multi-functional material, real-time super-resolution imaging and photolithography.
Design of full-k-space flat bands in photonic crystals beyond the tight-binding picture
Authors: Xu Changqing , Wang Gang , Hang Zhi Hong , Luo Jie , Chan C. T. , Lai Yun
Published: December 2015

Based on a band engineering method, we propose a theoretical prescription to create a full-k-space flat band in dielectric photonic crystals covering the whole Brillouin Zone. With wave functions distributed in air instead of in the dielectrics, such a flat band represents a unique mechanism for achieving flat dispersions beyond the tight-binding picture, which can enormously reduce the requirement of permittivity contrast in the system. Finally, we propose and numerically demonstrate a unique application based on the full-k-space coverage of the flat band: ultra-sensitive detection of small scatterers.
A fluorescent and colorimetric probe containing oxime-ether for Pd2+ in pure water and living cells
Authors: Wang Mian , Yuan Yanglei , Wang Hongmei , Qin Zhaohai
Published: December 2015

A coumarin based probe that contains oxime-ether (1) shows high selectivity and high sensitivity for Pd2+ in pure water and can ratiometrically image Pd2+ in living cells.
Carbon nanotube anions for the preparation of gold nanoparticle–nanocarbon hybrids
Authors: Bayazit Mustafa K. , Hodge Stephen A. , Clancy Adam J. , Menzel Robert , Chen Shu , Shaffer Milo S. P.
Published: December 2015

This methodology highlights the unusual chemistry of negatively charged carbon nanotubes and provides a blueprint for the generation of hybrid nanomaterials.
A new cascade halosulfonylation of 1,7-enynes toward 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones via sulfonyl radical-triggered addition/6-exo-dig cyclization
Authors: Zhu Yi-Long , Jiang Bo , Hao Wen-Juan , Wang Ai-Fang , Qiu Jiang-Kai , Wei Ping , Wang De-Cai , Li Guigen , Tu Shu-Jiang
Published: December 2015

A new cascade three-component halosulfonylation of 1,7-enynes for efficient synthesis of densely functionalized 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones has been established from readily accessible arylsulfonyl hydrazides and NIS (or NBS).
[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ luminescence reveals nanoscale variation of polarity in the cyclodextrin cavity
Authors: Higgs P. L. , McKinley A. W. , Tuite E. M.
Published: December 2015

Insertion of dppz with phosphorylated β-cyclodextrin results in multi-exponential [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ emission; binding is weaker than [Ru(phen)3]2+, but shows stereoselectivity.
Label-free ultrasensitive detection of telomerase activity via multiple telomeric hemin/G-quadruplex triggered polyaniline deposition and a DNA tetrahedron-structure regulated signal
Authors: Liu Yuanjian , Wei Min , Liu Xu , Wei Wei , Zhao Hongyu , Zhang Yuanjian , Liu Songqin
Published: December 2015

Label-free ultrasensitive detection of telomerase activity via multiple telomeric hemin/G-quadruplex triggered polyaniline deposition and a DNA tetrahedron-structure regulated signal.
New self-assembly hybrid compounds based on arsenic–vanadium clusters and transition metal mixed-organic-ligand complexes
Authors: Guo Hai-Yang , Li Zhi-Fang , Zhang Xiao , Fu Li-Wei , Hu Yang-Yang , Guo Lan-Lan , Cui Xiao-Bing , Huo Qi-Sheng , Xu Ji-Qing
Published: December 2015

Seven compounds exhibiting novel structures constructed from arsenic–vanadium polyoxoanions and metal mixed-organic-ligand complexes have been synthesized and characterized.
The nature of the silicaphilic fluorescence of PDMPO
Authors: Parambath Mithun , Hanley Quentin S. , Martin-Martinez Francisco J. , Giesa Tristan , Buehler Markus J. , Perry Carole C.
Published: December 2015

Interactions with silica moderates the fluorescence behaviour of PDMPO.
Structures and unimolecular chemistry of M(Pro2-H)+(M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) by IRMPD spectroscopy, SORI-CID, and theoretical studies
Authors: Jami-Alahmadi Yasaman , Fridgen Travis D.
Published: December 2015

M(Pro2-H)+complexes were electrosprayed and isolated in an FTICR cell where their unimolecular chemistries and structures were explored using SORI-CID and IRMPD spectroscopy.
Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on aryl diazonium monolayer functionalized HOPG surfaces
Authors: González M. C. R. , Orive A. G. , Salvarezza R. C. , Creus A. H.
Published: December 2015

Gold nanoparticle electrodeposition on a modified HOPG surface with a monolayer organic film based on aryl diazonium chemistry has been studied.
Metal nanoparticle photocatalysts: emerging processes for green organic synthesis
Authors: Peiris Sunari , McMurtrie John , Zhu Huai-Yong
Published: December 2015

Metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Au–Pd alloyetc.) supported on inert support (ZrO2, zeolite) can be direct photocatalysts to series of organic synthesis with visible light irradiation.
Demonstrating organic contaminant removal in an ozone-based water reuse process at full scale
Authors: Blackbeard Judy , Lloyd James , Magyar Mirela , Mieog John , Linden Karl G. , Lester Yaal
Published: December 2015

The 350 ML per d Eastern Treatment Plant (ETP) tertiary facility produces “Class A” water for the city of Melbourne, Australia, which is used for irrigation, dual reticulation and fire fighting.
Conversion of methoxy and hydroxyl functionalities of phenolic monomers over zeolites
Authors: Thilakaratne Rajeeva , Tessonnier Jean-Philippe , Brown Robert C.
Published: December 2015

This study investigates the mechanisms for the conversion of methoxy and hydroxyl functionalities in phenolic monomers over zeolites during pyrolysis, identifying bottlenecks for conversion to aromatic hydrocarbons.
Imposed hydrophobic interactions by NaCl: accountable attribute for the synthesis of spiro[acenaphthylene-1,5′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole] derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in aqueous medium
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Parewa Vijay , Kumari Sukhbeer , Bansal Sarika , Sharma Amit
Published: December 2015

The significance of hydrophobicity for the synthesis of spiro[acenaphthylene-1,5′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole] derivatives by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in aqueous medium is outlined.
Getting there is half the battle: recent advances in delivering therapeutics
Authors: Lesher-Perez Sasha Cai , Segura Tatiana , Moraes Christopher
Published: December 2015

We highlight recent studies that focus on bypassing different barriers crucial for improving therapeutic delivery.
Bulk sensitive determination of the Fe3+/FeTot-ratio in minerals by Fe L2/3-edge X-ray Raman scattering
Authors: Nyrow Alexander , Sternemann Christian , Tse John S. , Weis Christopher , Sahle Christoph J. , Mende Kolja , Wieland D. C. Florian , Cerantola Valerio , Gordon Robert A. , Spiekermann Georg , Regier Tom , Wilke Max , Tolan Metin
Published: December 2015

We use X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy of the Fe L2/3-edge of FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4at ambient and of FeCO3at high pressure conditions to extract the Fe3+/FeTot-ratio..
3D printed nervous system on a chip
Authors: Johnson Blake N. , Lancaster Karen Z. , Hogue Ian B. , Meng Fanben , Kong Yong Lin , Enquist Lynn W. , McAlpine Michael C.
Published: December 2015

We introduce a bioinspired, customizable 3D printed nervous system on a chip for the study of nervous system viral infection.
Continuous inertial microparticle and blood cell separation in straight channels with local microstructures
Authors: Wu Zhenlong , Chen Yu , Wang Moran , Chung Aram J.
Published: December 2015

We present an inertial platform for high-throughput, high-efficiency and sheathless particle and blood cell separation in straight channels with microstructures.
NaBrO3/guanidinium-based sulfonic acid: as a transition metal- and strong inorganic acid-free oxidation system for alcohols and alkyl arenes
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Laeini Mohammad Sadegh , Shaabani Shabnam , Seyyedhamzeh Mozhdeh
Published: December 2015

A new catalytic system for the oxidation of organic compounds in good to excellent yields at room temperature.
Schiff base tailed silatranes for the fabrication of functionalized silica based magnetic nano-cores possessing active sites for the adsorption of copper ions
Authors: Mutneja Ruchi , Singh Raghubir , Kaur Varinder , Wagler Jörg , Fels Sabine , Kroke Edwin
Published: December 2015

Schiff base functionalized magnetic nano-cores for the fast uptake of copper ions have been developed by one pot synthesis.
Novel synthesis of coumarin-containing secondary benzamide derivatives using tungstate sulfuric acid
Authors: Karami Bahador , Farahi Mahnaz , Farmani Nina , Tanuraghaj Hamideh Mohamadi
Published: December 2015

A novel one-pot synthesis of coumarin-containing secondary benzamide derivatives is described using tungstate sulfuric acid as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst.
Porous carbon-coated cobalt sulfide nanocomposites derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as an advanced oxygen reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Bai Fo , Huang Hao , Hou Changmin , Zhang Ping
Published: December 2015

PC-CoS1.097 NCs were synthesized from the ZIF-9 and sulfur powder and exhibit excellent performance for ORR in alkaline medium.
Highly sensitive fluorescent determination of sulfide using BSA-capped CdS quantum dots
Authors: Na Weidan , Liu Xiaotong , Hu Tianyu , Su Xingguang
Published: December 2015

Schematic illustration of the BSA-CdS QD-based sensing system for sulfide detection.
Synthesis of isoxazoline-featured oxindoles by iminoxyl radical-promoted cascade oxyalkylation/alkylarylation of alkenes
Authors: Yang Xiu-Long , Long Yan , Chen Fei , Han Bing
Published: December 2015

Isoxazoline-featured oxindoles were synthesized by the reaction of β,γ-unsaturated ketoximes with N-arylacrylamides via iminoxyl radical-promoted cascade intra/intermolecular oxyalkylation/alkylarylation of alkenes.
QM/MD simulations on the role of SiO2in polymeric insulation materials
Authors: Han Baozhong , Jiao Menggai , Li Chunyang , Zhang Chengcheng , Wu Zhijian , Wang Ying , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2015

SiO2is an efficient electron-injection material and can help stabilize polyethylene in electric insulation materials.
Silk fibroin as a water-soluble bio-resist and its thermal properties
Authors: Morikawa Junko , Ryu Meguya , Maximova Ksenia , Balčytis Armandas , Seniutinas Gediminas , Fan Linpeng , Mizeikis Vygantas , Li Jingliang , Wang Xuewen , Zamengo Massimiliano , Wang Xungai , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: December 2015

E-beam exposure unzips beta-sheets in crystalline domains of silk fibroin and makes it water-soluble, enabling its usage as an aqueous-based electron beam lithography resist.
Polyvinyl trisulfonate ethylamine based solid acid catalyst for the efficient glycosylation of sugars under solvent free conditions
Authors: Chaugule Avinash A. , Jadhav Amol R. , Kim Hern
Published: December 2015

We have synthesized Brønsted solid acid catalysts which exhibited effective catalytic activity for acid catalyzed glycosylation reactions.
Protonable pyrimidine derivative for white light emission
Authors: Achelle Sylvain , Rodríguez-López Julián , Cabon Nolwenn , Guen Françoise Robin-le
Published: December 2015

The protonation of a blue emitting pyrimidine resulted in the formation of an orange emissive acidified form. In adequate proportion of neutral and protonated forms, white light emission is observed both in solution and in polystyrene thin film.
Effect of sodium alginate on UVC inactivation of coliphage MS2
Authors: Song Anan , Liu Xiang , Zhang Yi , Liu Yan
Published: December 2015

Enhancement of UVC inactivation of coliphage MS2 by sodium alginate and its mechanisms through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
BiOCl/SnS2 hollow spheres for the photocatalytic degradation of waste water
Authors: Meng Hui , Wang Tingting , Yu Xiang , Zhu Yi , Zhang Yuanming
Published: December 2015

A kind of novel SnS2-incorporated BiOCl hollow spheres are synthesized. The band structure tuning effect and the morphological benefits of the hollow sphere structure greatly improved the performance in photocatalysis.
Cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole copolymers with permutations of repeating unit length and ratios; synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties and photovoltaic characteristics
Authors: Chang Shu-Wei , Kettle Jeff , Waters Huw , Horie Masaki
Published: December 2015

Conjugated copolymers with varying ratios and lengths of cyclopentadithiophene to benzothiadiazole repeating units have been synthesized and characterised.