bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Label Classification for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Electrical Machines
Authors: Dineva Adrienn , Mosavi Amir , Gyimesi Mate , Vajda Istvan
Published: August 2019

Primary importance is devoted to Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDI) of electrical machine and drive systems in modern industrial automation. The widespread use of Machine Learning techniques has made it possible to replace traditional motor fault detection techniques with more efficient solutions that are capable of early fault recognition by using large amounts of sensory data. However, the detection of concurrent failures is still a challenge in the presence of disturbing noises or when the multiple faults cause overlapping features. The contribution of this work is to propose a novel methodology using multi-label classification method for simultaneously diagnosing multiple faults and evaluating the fault severity under noisy conditions. Performance of various multi-label classification models are compared. Current and vibration signals are acquired under normal and fault conditions. The applicability of the proposed method is experimentally validated under diverse fault conditions such as unbalance and misalignment.
Aging Triggers H3K27 Trimethylation Hoarding in the Chromatin of Nothobranchius Furzeri Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Cencioni Chiara , Heid Johanna , Keprelova Anna , Rasa Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Kuenne Carsten , Guenther Stefan , Baumgart Mario , Cellerino Alessandro , Neri Francesco , Spallotta Francesco , Gaetano Carlo
Published: August 2019

Aging associates with progressive loss of skeletal muscle function leading up to sarcopenia, a process characterized by impaired mobility and weakening of muscle strength. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcopenia are still poorly characterized. Since aging associates with profound epigenetic changes, epigenetic landscape alteration analysis in the skeletal muscle promises to highlight molecular mechanisms of age-associated sarcopenia. The study was conducted exploiting the short-lived turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri (Nfu), a relatively new model for aging studies. The epigenetic analysis suggested for a less accessible and more condensed chromatin in old Nfu skeletal muscle. Specifically, an accumulation of heterochromatin regions was observed as consequence of increased levels of H3K27me3, HP1alpha, polycomb complex subunits and senescence associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs). Consistently, euchromatin histone marks, including H3K9ac, decreased. The integrative bioinformatics analysis of RNASeq and ChIPSeq, related to skeletal muscle of Nfu at different ages, revealed a down-modulation of genes involved in cell cycle, differentiation and DNA repair and an up-regulation of inflammation and senescence genes. Undoubtedly, more studies are needed to disclose the detailed mechanisms, but this approach revealed an unprecedented specific features of Nfu skeletal muscle aging, potentially associated with sarcopenia onset and consequent impairment of swimming and mobility typical of old Nfu.
Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Bisphenol Analogues in the Surface Water from a Water Diversion Project in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zheng Chaoya , Liu Jianchao , Lu Guanghua , Ren Jinghua , Shen Jie , Fan Jian , Xi Ruiyu , Chen Wei , Chen Qing
Published: August 2019

Owing to the widespread use of bisphenol analogues (BPs) as bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives, they have been recognized to constitute a health risk for aquatic ecosystems. The occurrence and distribution of six BPs were investigated in the truly dissolved phase (< 5 kDa), colloidal phase (5 kDa to 1 µm) and suspended particulate matter (SPM > 1 µm) in a water diversion project of Nanjing, China. With the exception of bisphenol Z, all BPs were detected in at least two phases, the total concentrations of detected BPs were 161-613 ng/L, 5.19-77.2 ng/L and 47.5-353 ng/g for the truly dissolved phase, colloidal phase and SPM, respectively. Among the detected compounds, BPA still the dominant BPs in the truly dissolved phase and colloidal phase, followed by BPS, while BPAF was the major contaminant in SPM, followed by BPA. The mean contribution proportions of colloids were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than that of SPM, suggesting that colloids play an important role in regulating the environmental behaviors of BPs. In terms of spatial distribution, although the water diversion project could reduce the pollution levels of BPs, which might further affect the ecological security of the Yangtze River.
Multi-Band Frequency Window for Time-Frequency Fault Diagnosis of Induction Machines
Authors: Burriel-Valencia Jordi , Puche-Panadero Ruben , Martinez-Roman Javier , Sapena-Bano Angel , Riera-Guasp Martin , Pineda-Sanchez Manuel
Published: August 2019

Induction machines drive many industrial processes, and their unexpected failure can cause heavy production losses. The analysis of the current spectrum can identify online the characteristic fault signatures at an early stage, avoiding unexpected breakdowns. Nevertheless, frequency domain analysis requires stable working conditions, which is not the case for wind generators, motors driving varying loads, etc. In these cases an analysis in the time-frequency domain -such as a spectrogram- is required for detecting faults signatures. The spectrogram is built using the short frequency Fourier transform, but its resolution depends critically on the time window used to generate it: short windows provide good time resolution, but poor frequency resolution, just the opposite than long windows. Therefore, the window must be adapted at each time to the shape of the expected fault harmonics, by highly skilled maintenance personnel. In this paper, this problem is solved with the design of a new multi-band window, which generates simultaneously many different narrow-band current spectrograms, and combines them into a single, high resolution one, without the need of manual adjustments. The proposed method is validated with the diagnosis of bar breakages during the start-up of a commercial induction motor.
A Modification of the Fast Inverse Square Root Algorithm
Authors: Walczyk Cezary J. , Moroz Leonid V. , Cieśliński Jan L.
Published: August 2019

We present an improved algorithm for fast calculation of the inverse square root for single-precision floating-point numbers. The algorithm is much more accurate than the famous fast inverse square root algorithm and has a similar computational cost. The presented modification concern Newton-Raphson corrections and can be applied when the distribution of these corrections is not symmetric (for instance, in our case they are always negative).
The Discrepancy in Galaxy Rotation Curves
Authors: Gomel Roy , Zimmerman Tomer
Published: August 2019

In this work we try a new approach for dealing with the discrepancy between observed galaxy rotation curves and theoretical predictions. This new approach does not involve any changes in the current fundamental laws of nature or the addition of dark halos. Rather, it is based on the following single assumption: the observed velocities presented in rotation curves are not given relative to the galaxies' local inertial frames. Another way of putting it down: fictitious forces, which arise in non-inertial frames, should be taken into account when constructing a theoretical rotation curve. It turns out that this single assumption is sufficient in order to establish a robust model for fitting rotation curves. Applying the new model on a sample of more than 30 galaxies provides very promising results.
Multi-Scale, Multi-Season, Multi-Indicator Evaluation of Agricultural Drought Trends in Ethiopia -Implications to Dryland Agriculture and Food Security
Authors: Temam Dawd , Uddameri Venkatesh , Mohammadi Ghazal , Hernandez Elma , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen
Published: August 2019

Ethiopian agriculture is not only affected by precipitation declines (meteorological droughts) but also soil dryness caused by temperature increases and associated long-term hydrological changes. Meteorological drought indicators (e.g., SPI), do not fully capture the water deficits in agricultural systems (i.e., agricultural droughts). An Ethiopia-wide assessment of meteorological and agricultural drought trends was carried out to characterize century-scale (1902 – 2016) changes in droughts. SPI and SPEI calculated using two-month accumulation and the Palmer Z-index were used for assessing intra-season drought trends. SPI and SPEI at six-month accumulations and PDSI were used to define full season droughts. Detrended variance corrected Mann-Kendall test was used for trend analysis during Bega (dry), Belg (short-rainy) and Meher (long-rainy) seasons. The SPEI-2 and PDSI were most aggressive in characterizing intra-season and seasonal-drought trends. There is on average 1% - 6% annual increase in dryness with the lower estimate based on precipitation declines and the upper end accounting for seasonal soil moisture dynamics. The area between 37.5° E – 42.5° E denotes a climate hot-spot. Precipitation declines in Belg along the Ethiopia-South-Sudan/Sudan border during Belg and along Eretria-Ethiopia border during Meher have the potential to exacerbate transboundary water conflicts and further threaten the food security of the region.
REPRESENTASI IDENTITAS MUSLIMAH DALAM IKLAN WARDAH DI TELEVISI
Authors: Istiyanto Bektiis
Published: August 2019

The role of women in Wardah adverstisments on television is described as independent through activities such as work and study. Through the hijab, make-up, and women's roles Wardah tries to present the identity of contemporary Muslim women, not rigid and remain in accordance with the Shari'a. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques using focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews. To analyze the data using the reception analysis. The results of the research indicate that each informant is different in receiving and interpreting the message. This difference of meaning is the result of different socio-cultural backgrounds. The meaning of informants is grouped into three categories of meaning according to Hall namely, dominant reading, negiotiated reading, and oppositional reading. There were two informants belonging to the dominant reading group in which the informant agreed in general about the popular Islamic culture. In the negotiated reading group there were four informants. In general, informants received a popular Islamic culture that was featured on Wardah's advertisements, however, the informants adapted to their preferences. In the oppositional reading position there is only one informant who meets the criteria because the informant rejects the message of popular Islamic culture because of his incompatibility on understanding the religious rules held tightly by the informant. Muslim students of FISIP Unsoed generally receive a message of representation of Muslim women's identity seen from aspects of role, dress, and makeup based on socio-cultural background.
BENDO SEBAGAI SIMBOL BUDAYA LOKAL SUNDA DALAM KOMUNITAS AEC Studi Kualitatif tentang Bendo Sebagai Budaya Lokal Sunda dalam Komunitas Armidale English College (AEC) di Bandung
Authors: Prasanti Ditha , Indriani Sri Seti
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang sebuah komunitas belajar bahasa, bernama Armidale English College (AEC) yang memiliki budaya unik karena kecintaannya terhadap budaya lokal sunda. Dalam era modern ini, ternyata masih ada sekelompok orang yang berusaha meningkatkan eksistensi budaya lokal melalui simbol yang telah disepakati menjadi ikon dari komunitas tersebut. Dalam hal ini, komunitas AEC menggunakan bendo sebagai simbol budaya lokal. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat penelitian ini yang berjudul â€œBendo sebagai Simbol Budaya Lokal dalam Komunitas Armidale English College (AEC) di Bandungâ€. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan penulis ini menunjukkan bahwa pendiri komunitas AEC memiliki kecintaan terhadap budaya lokal sunda, karena bendo juga sebagai wujud dari nilai nasionalismeyang dimiliki komunitas tersebut. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh atribut yang selalu dikenakannya yaitu bendo, sehingga bendo tersebut pun digunakan sebagai simbol atau ikon dari komunitas AEC yang berada di Bandung.

 

Kata kunci: Bendo, Simbol, Budaya Lokal, AEC, Bandung
Examination of Educational Films Suggested by MEB to Teachers from the Perspective of Measurement and Evaluation
Authors: KEZER Fatih , ÇETİNER Kübra
Published: August 2019

Seeking new
approaches on in-service trainings, The Ministry of National Education has
recently developed a number of vocational training programs in order to
increase teachers’ pedagogical formation skills. The films with educational
content covered by this study have been suggested to teachers in those
programs. Through these films, teachers are expected to gain new perspectives
in a pedagogical sense and to recall existing ones. The relationship between
the film outputs and the social behavior is a matter of curiosity. This study
intended to examine the films proposed by the Ministry of National Education
for teachers within the scope of the ‘vocational study program’ in terms of the
elements of measurement and evaluation and the sub-texts they contain. Research
was conducted in qualitative research design. Document analysis used in the
research, The study evaluates the educational content of the films that were
suggested to the teachers within the scope of September 2017 Professional Study
Program which was created to increase the knowledge and skills of teachers and
administrators working in pre-school, primary and secondary education
institutions by the General Directorate of Teacher Training and Development of
Ministry of National Education. In collecting data, a Film Evaluation Form
which was developed by the researchers under 26 themes was used. Given that the
films recommended by MoNE to teachers have already been watched by the majority
of teachers, it is inevitable for teachers to be affected from the scenes,
content and sub-texts in the educational content consciously/unconsciously and
to acquire new patterns of behavior. Another important point, however, is that
these well-known and popularized film are also watched by parents. They affect
not only the teachers, but also behaviors of the students and parents. The
result of the research, points to the fact that these films, which are proposed
to teachers as part of in-service training, can lead to the acquisition of
negative behaviors in view of measurement and evaluation and that they have
implicit messages that can create negative perception.
Experimental Analysis and Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Modeling of Pilot-Scale Three-Phase Separators
Authors: Ahmed Tariq , Russell Paul A. , Hamad Faik , Gooneratne Samantha
Published: August 2019

In this work, the performance of two pilot–scale separators was investigated using computational–fluid–dynamics (CFD) simulation with one operating at low gas volumetric quality comprising a bucket–and–weir configuration, and the other operated at high gas volumetric quality with a weir configuration. The pilot–scale separators were selected for this work because of their availability and the lack of data on industrial separators. The effects of the liquid (oil and water) flow rate and weir height on separation performance have been investigated for the separator operating at low gas volumetric quality. For this separator, the design of experiments (DOE) and a preliminary run of the separator were used to select the number of experiments and simulations to conduct and the levels (values) of the three variables investigated. For the second separator, the effects of the inlet flow rate on separation performance have been investigated.

Eulerian and volume–of–fluid (VOF) multiphase–flow models in ANSYS® Fluent (Fluent 2019), combined with a k–ε turbulence model, were used to simulate the fluid–flow pattern and phase behavior inside each of the separators. The numerical solutions were initialized with a water level set at 50% of the weir height using a patching tool. A mesh–independence test was carried out to ensure that the results are not dependent on the mesh quality.

The separation efficiencies from both models were compared with that from the experimental data. The results indicated that the two multiphase models, namely, Eulerian and VOF, predict the experimental results within 30% error. However, different separation performances were obtained for the same flow conditions. For the separator operating at low gas volumetric quality, the results from the Eulerian multiphase model produced a maximum deviation of 8%, while results from the VOF multiphase model produced a maximum deviation of 23% of the experimental data. For this separator, the oil flow rate was found to have the greatest effect on the separation efficiency. This is followed by the water flow rate and weir height.

For the separator operating at high gas volumetric quality, a maximum percentage error of 30% for the Eulerian model and 21% for the VOF was obtained.
Inhibitor Evaluation for Spent Organic - HF Acid to Facilitate Acid Flowback Through Production Risers with Titanium Stress Joints
Authors: Berry Sandra L. , Palm Dustin C. , Usie Marty J. , Schutz Ronald W. , Walker Heath W.
Published: August 2019

Matrix acidizing treatments containing hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid have been utilized in stimulation treatments of offshore wells to remove skin associated with fines migration for many years. In the last few years, operators have moved toward the use of organic acid – HF acid treatments due to corrosion concerns in the downhole tubular strings during the initial pumping of live acid and in the Titanium Stress Joints (TSJ) during the acid flow back through the production riser. A corrosion inhibitor to inhibit any unspent HF in the acid flowback returns would be beneficial to operators.

Production of spent acid flowing back through the production riser is seriously being considered because significant cost savings may be realized over other acid flowback options. However, although most HF acid systems are mostly and/or highly spent during the reaction time with the formation mineralogy, even small concentrations of remaining free HF in the spent acid returns can result in severe bore surface corrosion (etching) and by-product hydrogen absorption by the riser system TSJ. Lab studies were performed with several different inhibitor formulations added to two different spent organic – HF acid fluid systems to determine the ability for these candidate inhibitors to thwart corrosion (etching) and corresponding hydrogen uptake on ASTM Grade 29 titanium (Ti-29) test coupons.

These candidate inhibitors were subjected to four-hour exposure tests conducted at 170°F under 3500 psi pressure with various inhibitor concentrations to determine if the package could meet screening criteria of corrosion/etch rate of less than 0.5 mils per day (0.5 thousandths of an inch) and hydrogen uptake limits consistent with ASTM product specification limits for the short term exposure (i.e., four hours). These lab test results are compared to those from recent published lab test studies on titanium in live and spent HF containing acid fluids, along with discussion on practical implications and considerations for their field use.

Developing a corrosion inhibitor to inhibit the residual HF acid in the spent flowback returns and prevent etching and hydrogen uptake by the TSJ in the production risers not only yields effective protection of the TSJ, allowing flowback fluids to be returned thru the production riser, but also offers a significant operational cost savings.
Multi-Phase Solvent/Acid Deepwater Stimulation Treatment Proves to be Successful
Authors: Huval Wendy , Berard Kelly , Steckler Jason , Sanford Jack
Published: August 2019

A multi-phase stimulation treatment was required and subsequently executed in deep-water Gulf of Mexico to remediate a multitude of damage mechanisms resulting from years of hydrocarbon production. Among the many challenges that deep-water operators must face, there is the need for remediation of wells experiencing a decline in production. The execution of these treatments can prove to be very costly and require extensive damage assessments to properly design the most effective stimulation plan. Treatment placement is a major part of the decision process and will impact the performance of the job. A well in the Mississippi Canyon field had an asphaltene deposition issue based on asphaltene onset pressure evaluations as well as suspected fines migration issues. Each requiring its own treatment protocol. This operation required that a rig be moved onto location so that the job could be pumped via coiled tubing to assure injectivity into the zone of interest.

A multiphase approach design included:

Phase I -a screen/near wellbore soak

Phase II- a diverted specialty solvent formation treatment to remediate asphaltene deposition.

Phase III- a diverted mud acid treatment that included specialty stimulation systems to address scaling, clay and fines issues.

The challenge is the difference between utilizing xylene alone for organic deposition removal verses specialty solvent treatments specific to asphaltene removal as well as the use of deep penetrating hydrofluoric acid blends and specialty additive packages.

Utilizing this multi-phase approach resulted in a successful treatment outcome for the operator. An increase in total fluids production, an increase in flowing tubing and a job pay off of less than 30 days was the result of finding a solution to these particular set of challenges.
Association of joint awareness with satisfaction, knee function, and noise perception after total knee arthroplasty.
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroto , Itoh Masafumi , Yoshimoto Nobuyuki , Itou Junya , Kuwashima Umito , Okazaki Ken -
Published: August 2019

Background: Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) measures the clinical outcomes focusing on joint awareness after surgery, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The Knee Society Scoring System-2011 (KSS-2011) includes questionnaires for satisfaction, expectation, and functional activities. However, the relationship between FJS-12 and KSS-2011 has not been validated to our knowledge. In addition, some patients complain of noise after TKA. However, how the noise affects joint awareness and satisfaction has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship among FJS-12, KSS-2011 and the noise.
Methods: Using the FJS-12 and KSS-2011, 295 knees from 225 patients who underwent TKA was retrospectively evaluated. Noise perception was evaluated by a questionnaire with five grades which is a method that follows the questionnaire form of FJS-12 [“Are you aware of the noise of your artificial joint?” ; never, almost never, seldom, sometimes, mostly]. The correlations among FJS-12, KSS-2011, and noise were analyzed. In addition, patients were divided into four groups based on the mechanism of their implant [cruciate retaining, posterior stabilized, cruciate sacrificed, and bicruciate stabilized (BCS)]. FJS-12, KSS-2011, and noise were compared among the groups.
Results: A strong correlation was observed between FJS-12 and the total score of KSS-2011 (0.70; P < 0.001). FJS-12 also was correlated with KSS-2011 subcategories for “symptoms,” “satisfaction,” and “standard activities” that these correlation coefficients were approximately 0.60. Noise was limited to have weak correlations with FJS-12 (0.28; P < 0.001) and KSS-2011 (0.20 P < 0.001). With comparison among the TKA mechanisms, BCS showed significantly better KSS-2011 and greater range of movement but worse noise scores.
Conclusions: Joint awareness assessed by FJS-12 was correlated strongly with KSS-2011 and associated with satisfaction, residual symptoms, and daily activities as assessed by KSS-2011 subscores. Noise perception had limited effect on joint awareness and clinical outcomes.
miR-203 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and ERK Pathway in Prostate Cancer by Targeting IRS-1
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Li Shasha , Meng Yang , Zeng Xinyi , Qiu Lei , Wei Mingtian , Wang Ziqiang , Han Junhong
Published: August 2019

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer in men. In the course of the development and progression of this disease, abnormal expression of miR-203 is usually accompanied. However, its role in prostate tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood.

Methods: Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to detect miR-203 binding site in insulin receptor substrates 1 (IRS-1). Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay in PCa cells which either IRS-1 was knocked down by shRNA or miR-203 was overexpressed. IRS-1 and other proteins expression in PCa cells was assessed by Western Blot.

Results: we found that the insulin receptor substrates 1 (IRS-1) is a novel target of miR-203 in PCa and miR-203 can specially bind to the 3′UTR region of the IRS-1 thus suppresses its expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that miR-203 functions as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting IRS-1 to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and tumor angiogenesis which resulted in PCa cell cycle arrest. Importantly, miR-203 overexpression blocks ERK signaling pathway by down-regulating IRS-1 expression.

Conclusions: Our results show a novel link between miR-203 and IRS-1, and reveal the importance of strict control of IRS -1 by miR-203 in the progression of PCa, suggesting miR-203 may act as a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced PCa.

Keywords: Prostate cancer, miRNA, Insulin receptor substrates 1 (IRS-1), cell proliferation, ERK pathway
Curd Initiation and Transformation in Tropical Cauliflower Cultivars under Different Temperature Treatments
Authors: Lin Chen-Yu , Chen Kan-Shu , Chen Hsuan-Ping , Lee Hsiang-I , Hsieh Ching-Hsiang
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of different temperature treatments (18, 24, and 30 °C) on apex development in tropical cauliflower cultivars of varying maturity types. Two commercial cultivars, H-37 (early maturity) and H-80 (mid–late maturity), were used as the testing materials. ‘H-37’ reached the curd-initiation phase earlier than ‘H-80’ and showed superior growth during the curd’s initial development phase under all temperature treatments. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects regarding main temperature and cultivar as well as their interaction. ‘H-37’ at a temperature of 18 °C demonstrated the optimal transformation of apex development from the vegetative to reproductive stage. A temperature of 24 °C promoted the apex development of ‘H-37’ at the curd initial development phase. Gene expression analysis results indicated that the BoFLC2 expression of ‘H-37’ was significantly down-regulated than that of ‘H-80’ after curd initiation and advanced growth. A temperature 30 °C accelerated the ending of juvenile stage and forward to curd initiation in ‘H-80’ and declined with temperature decreased. Moreover, expression of the BoFLC2 transcript level of both tropical cauliflower cultivars nearly disappeared at the high temperature of 30 °C following curd initiation, suggesting that heat stress hinders curd formation. The results of this study also indicate that the number of leaves required to induce curd initiation is less than nine in tropical cauliflower at temperatures of 18 to 30 °C. In conclusion, under nonvernalized high temperatures, different cultivars of tropical cauliflower can initiate curd development but with a different pattern from those cultivars grown in temperate zones. This information may provide novel insights for cauliflower farmers or breeders in tropical regions.
Planting Density and Growth Cycle Affect Actual and Potential Latex and Rubber Yields in Taraxacum kok-saghyz
Authors: Bates Griffin M. , McNulty Sarah K. , Amstutz Nikita D. , Pool Victor K. , Cornish Katrina
Published: August 2019

Rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz, Rodin) is being developed as a temperate-zone source of rubber, but best agronomic practices must be determined before it can become a viable supplement to imported rubber produced from para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis, hevea) plantations located mostly in Southeast Asia. In our study, the effect of planting density and harvest time on yield was determined by transplanting 1.5-month-old greenhouse-produced plants at planting densities of 1.24, 2.47, 4.94, and 9.88 million plants/ha, randomized across four planting boxes with two densities per box (i.e., two planting areas at each density). Half of each planting area was selected randomly and hand-harvested after 6 months, and the remaining plants were hand-harvested after 1 year. Rubber yields per plant were greater after 1 year than after 6 months, but yields per unit area were similar as a result of the loss of half the plants during the severe 2013–14 Ohio winter. A maximum rubber yield of 960 kg dry rubber/ha was obtained from the 9.88 million-plants/ha planting density after 1 year, but root size was significantly decreased compared with lower densities, and appeared too small for mechanical harvest. A planting density between 2.47 and 4.94 million plants/ha may produce the optimal combination of root size and total rubber yield. Greater rubber concentrations, faster-growing plants, short-season germplasm, and in-field weed control are required before yields obtained in outdoor planting boxes can be matched or exceeded on farms, especially in a direct-seeded rubber dandelion crop.
Multivariate Analysis and Selection Indices to Identify Superior Quince Cultivars for Cultivation in the Tropics
Authors: Coutinho Givago , Pio Rafael , Machado de Souza Filipe Bittencourt , da Hora Farias Daniela , Bruzi Adriano Teodoro , Sales Guimarães Paulo Henrique
Published: August 2019

Among the fruit species cultivated in subtropical climates, quince has productive cultivars with high horticultural potential. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic divergence among quince cultivars through multivariate procedures and to identify cultivars for cultivation in the tropics through selection indices. Twenty-seven productive quince cultivars were grown in a location with a high-altitude tropical climate. The number of fruit, estimated yield, flowering period, number of buds, number of shoots, number of brindles per shoot, shoot length, average fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter were measured. A multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) associated with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) based on Gower distance and Pearson correlation coefficients was used to evaluate genetic divergence. Superior cultivars were defined by the selection index based on the rank summation index and the Z-index. UPGMA grouping indicated there was genetic variability among cultivars and showed that groups that were more dissimilar [e.g., the cultivars Bereckzy and Champion (distance = 0.69)] had the potential to be used in future stages of quince selection. The estimated yield, shoot length, fruit weight and diameter, and flowering period contributed to the maximum variability among quince cultivars. The selection indices identified cvs. Bereckzy, Alaranjado, and Alongado (30, 68, and 73 rank summation index, respectively) as superior, simultaneously considering the evaluated traits with greater potential for cultivation in the tropics.
An Improved Method to Track Changes of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Titer in HLB-affected Citrus Trees
Authors: Etxeberria Ed , Gonzalez Pedro , Singerman Ariel , Ebert Timothy
Published: August 2019

Monitoring the health of Huanglongbing-affected citrus trees by following changes in leaf Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) titer has an inherent element of imprecision because CLas titer varies considerably within the tree canopy and with calendar seasons. In addition, the destructive sampling method used to determine CLas titer entails a different set of leaves per sampling period adding to the inconsistency and inexactitude of the results. To overcome these ambiguities and to reduce the numerical variability between samples, we developed an experimental method that analyzes portions of the same treated leaves for up to four sampling periods. By assaying subsamples of adjacent locations of the same leaf, random variability was significantly reduced, and comparative analysis can be carried out with greater precision.
Bulked-segregant Analysis Identified a Putative Region Related to Short Internode Length in Melon
Authors: Zhang Taifeng , Liu Jiajun , Liu Shi , Ding Zhuo , Luan Feishi , Gao Peng
Published: August 2019

Short internode length (SIL) is one of the most commercially and important traits in melon varieties (Cucumis melo L.). SIL can result in a compact vining type that promotes concentrated fruit in high-density crops, leading to greater use of light resources for photosynthesis and greater yield per unit area. In our study, two parental melon lines ‘M1-32’ (P1, standard vine) and ‘X090’ (P2, short internodes), and their F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 progenies were evaluated after being grown in plastic greenhouse conditions in 2017 and 2018. Main stem length (MSL) and internode length (IL) of six melon generations indicated that a single recessive gene (MD7) controlled dwarfism in the ‘X090’ melon line. Whole-genome analysis revealed a genomic region harboring the candidate dwarfism gene on chromosome 7. Six polymorphic cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers from chromosome 7 were used to construct a genetic linkage that spanned 30.28 cM. The melon dwarfing locus MD7 responsible for SIL was positioned between markers M7-4 and M7-5, with 3.16 cM of flanking distance. The CAPS markers M7-4 and M7-5 developed have the potential to accelerate the development of dwarf melon varieties, especially in situations when dwarf genotypes are an important breeding goal using marker-assisted selection.
Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Kang In-Kyu , Nock Jacqueline F. , Watkins Christopher B.
Published: August 2019

The effects of preharvest and postharvest treatments of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in combination or alone on fruit quality and the incidence of physiological disorders during storage of ‘Fuji’ apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] at 20 and 0.5 °C were investigated. Preharvest 1-MCP (Harvista) treatments were applied 4 or 10 days before harvest (DBH), and then fruit were either untreated or treated with 1-MCP (SmartFresh) postharvest. Fruit were stored at 20 °C for up to 4 weeks or at 0.5 °C for up to 36 weeks. At harvest, starch pattern indices and watercore incidence and severity were lower in fruit with preharvest 1-MCP treatment applied 10 DBH than in untreated fruit and in fruit treated 4 DBH. At 20 °C, the combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments reduced the internal ethylene concentration (IEC) more than preharvest 1-MCP treatment alone, but not to a greater extent than postharvest 1-MCP treatment alone. Greasiness and watercore were reduced more by the combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments than by either treatment alone. However, preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments, in combination or alone, did not consistently affect flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids concentration, color a* values, or incidences of flesh browning, core browning, and stem-end flesh browning. At 0.5 °C, the combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments inhibited IECs and maintained firmness and TA more than no treatment or preharvest 1-MCP treatment alone. However, there was a lesser extent of differences than there was with postharvest 1-MCP treatment alone. Incidences of physiological disorders were not consistently affected by the preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments. Overall, the results suggested that the preharvest 1-MCP treatment positively affected fruit quality attributes compared with no treatment during shelf life and long-term cold storage, but not as effectively as a combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments.
Remediation of bio-refinery wastewater containing organic and inorganic toxic pollutants by adsorption onto chitosan-based magnetic nanosorbent
Authors: Kumar Abiram Karanam Rathan , Saikia Kongkona , Neeraj Gerard , Cabana Hubert , Kumar Vaidyanathan Vinoth
Published: August 2019

The novelty of the current study deals with the application of magnetic nanosorbent, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (cMNPs), to be utilized for the management of lignocellulosic bio-refinery wastewater (LBW) containing three heavy metals and 26 phenolic compounds. The magnetic property of the adsorbent, confirmed by elemental and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis (saturation magnetization of 26.96 emu/g), allows easy separation of the particles in the presence of an external magnetic field. At pH 6.0, with optimized adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L and 90 min contact time, maximum removal of phenol (46.2%), copper (42.2%), chromium (18.7%) and arsenic (2.44%) was observed. The extent of removal of phenolic compounds was in the order: polysubstituted > di-substituted > mono-substituted > cresol > phenol. Overall, the adsorption capacity (qe) of cMNPs varies among the different contaminants in the following manner: copper (1.03 mg/g), chromium (0.20 mg/g), arsenic (0.04 mg/g) and phenol (0.56 mg/g). Post-adsorption, retrieving the cMNPs using an external magnetic field followed by single-step desorption via acid–base treatment is attractive for implementation in industrial settings. Reusability of the adsorbent was studied by recycling the cMNPs for five consecutive rounds of adsorption followed by desorption, at the end of which, cMNPs retained 20% of their initial adsorption capacity.
Influenza Surveillance using Search Engine, SNS, On-line Shopping, Q&A Service and Past Flu Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Murayama Taichi , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Fujita Sumio , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Influenza, an infectious disease, causes many deaths worldwide. Predicting influenza victims during epidemics is an important task for clinical, hospital, and community outbreak preparation.

OBJECTIVE

On-line user-generated contents (UGC), primarily in the form of social media posts or search query logs, are generally used for prediction for reaction to sudden and unusual outbreaks. However, most studies rely only on the UGC as their resource and do not use various UGCs. Our study aims to solve these questions about Influenza prediction: Which model is the best? What combination of multiple UGCs works well? What is the nature of each UGC?

METHODS

We adapt some models, LASSO Regression, Huber Regression, Support Vector Machine regression with Linear kernel (SVR) and Random Forest, to test the influenza volume prediction in Japan during 2015 – 2018. For that, we use on-line five data resources: (1) past flu patients, (2) SNS (Twitter), (3) search engines (Yahoo! Japan), (4) shopping services (Yahoo! Shopping), and (5) Q&A services (Yahoo! Chiebukuro) as resources of each model. We then validate respective resources contributions using the best model, Huber Regression, with all resources except one resource. Finally, we use Bayesian change point method for ascertaining whether the trend of time series on any resources is reflected in the trend of flu patient count or not.

RESULTS

Our experiments show Huber Regression model based on various data resources produces the most accurate results. The coefficient of determination R2 are 0.907 from 2015 – 2016, 0.889 from 2016 – 2017 and 0.917 from 2017 – 2018 in predicting influenza 2 week ahead of the current date. Then, from the change point analysis, we get the result that search query logs and social media posts for three years represents these resources as a good predictor. The results of Sensitivity, is one metric, are 80% in search query and 75% in social media posts from 2017-2018.

CONCLUSIONS

We show that Huber Regression based on various data resources is strong for outliers and is suitable for the flu prediction. Additionally, we indicate the characteristics of each resource for the flu prediction.
Perceived Level of Interest in Health Research from Patients Who Use Social Networking Sites: A Secondary Data Analysis of HINTS Data (Preprint)
Authors: Balls-Berry Joyce , Marigi Ian , Valentin-Méndez Emily , Ferede Liaa , Bajwa Numra , Ouk Melody , Enders Felicity , Greenberg-Worisek Alexandra
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

There is a need to address the factors associated with underrepresentation of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in research participation. The growth of social networking sites over the past decade provides an opportunity to engage and educate patients from underrepresented populations about health information and research.

OBJECTIVE

To use the National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to determine if there is an association between social networking site use and interest in patient engagement in research, and to identify sociodemographic disparities between social networking site use and interest in patient engagement in research.

METHODS

Data from the 2013 administration of HINTS were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were generated for all items, and bivariate analyses were conducted between sociodemographic variables and interest in participating in patient engaged research. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to examine the effects of each independent variable on respondent interest in patient-engaged research.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant association between social networking site use for reading/sharing a medical topic (P< .001) and being interested in patient engagement in research, after adjusting for relevant covariates (OR=3.17; 95% CI: 2.04, 4.90). Respondents who had some college education (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 1.56, 6.27) or were college graduates (OR=3.98; 95% CI: 2.19, 7.24) had higher odds of interest in patient engagement in research, as compared to respondents with less than a high school education (P=.002). Among respondents who indicated using social networking sites for medical topics, males (P=.006) showed increased interest in patient engagement in research, as compared to females (OR=1.56; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.17). Interest in patient engagement in research did not differ significantly between different races/ethnicities, irrespective of their social networking site use (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The relationship found between social networking site use and increased interest in patient engagement in research gives researchers an avenue to overcome barriers that have limited participation among different groups. Our study found no significant difference in this association among race/ethnicity, suggesting that social networking could be a tool to address the underrepresentation of certain groups regarding participation in research.
Perceived Level of Interest in Health Research among Those Who View Health-Related YouTube Videos: A Secondary Data Analysis from the Health Information National Trends Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Balls-Berry Joyce , Valentin-Méndez Emily , Marigi Ian , Ferede Liaa , Bajwa Numra , Ouk Melody , Enders Felicity , Greenberg-Worisek Alexandra
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

More and more, people are using internet resources, such as YouTube, as a primary source of health-related information. While evidence exists of how this behavior affects the patient-physician relationship and the clinician perspective, it is still uncertain how it affects patient engagement in research.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to (1) determine if an association exists between watching health-related YouTube videos and being interested in patient engagement in research and (2) explore if any associations exist between sociodemographic characteristics, health-related YouTube use, and interest in patient engagement in research.

METHODS

We analyzed data from the 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 3039). Our independent variable of interest was whether individuals had watched health-related videos in the las 12 months; our dependent variable of interest was whether respondents were interested in patient engagement in research. Analysis included bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression modeling between sociodemographic characteristics, YouTube viewing, and being interested in patient engagement in research.

RESULTS

Interest in patient engagement in research was significantly associated with watching a health-related video on YouTube, after adjustment for relevant covariates. Individuals who watched a health-related video on YouTube, had a 2.11-fold increased odds ratio of being interested in patient engagement in research, compared to those who did not watch health-related videos (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.40, 3.18, P <.001). We did not find any statistically significant associations between being interested in patient engagement in research and gender, age, race/ethnicity, or education.

CONCLUSIONS

YouTube has the potential to be used as a tool to increase interest in patient engagement in research. Future studies could use YouTube to evaluate its effectivity promoting participation in research of underrepresented communities.
El Maika en Rapa Nui:
Authors: Rojas Pantoja Roberto Alejandro
Published: August 2019

Banana, or Maika, is an important consideration for rapanui plant. This plant diverse uses that are and have been significant in the social and cultural life of the Polynesian inhabitants of Rapa Nui throughout its recent history are held. This article explores representations, uses and valuations, considering the different social contexts in which circulates occurs and these practices are played. Maika is a multipurpose plant, and both a multinatural element has the ability to be different things in different spheres of social life; for example, is part of the vegetal landscape, is a mapping landmark tribal map, is food in its various preparations, involves the creation of various textiles and ornaments, along with being the subject of sport and recreation. These two qualities give a similar status to that of humans within the meaning and significance map of rapanui.
Estudio sobre la corrupción en América Latina
Authors: Pastrana Valls Alejandro
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo se concentra en el análisis de la corrupción en América Latina a partir de estudiar el efecto que causa la percepción de la existencia de funcionarios corruptos en la satisfacción que los ciudadanos sientan con el régimen democrático, considerando los contextos político y económico que viven, y estudiando cómo la forma de percibir la corrupción contribuye para la aceptación o rechazo del mencionado régimen. Asimismo, examina la influencia que el combate a la corrupción ejerce en la aprobación del régimen democrático. Finalmente, desarrolla las principales implicaciones de la corrupción, a partir de un análisis contextual o geográfico, en la aprobación democrática. Las hipótesis son analizadas con los modelos logit, Clarify y logit multinivel.
Génesis de la movilidad estudiantil en la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Nacional de México 1920-1935
Authors: León Olivares Felipe
Published: August 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar la movilidad estudiantil en la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Nacional de México entre 1920 y 1935. Este programa de movilidad fue instituido por el Estado mexicano a principios de la década de los años veinte del siglo XX, con el propósito de enviar a estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, hoy Facultad de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), a formarse profesionalmente a Europa. El estudio analiza el origen del programa, sus características y las actividades de los becarios en Europa para entender su impacto a su regreso a México. La investigación está fundamentada en un trabajo de revisión de fuentes primarias, como son los expedientes de alumnos y de académicos de la UNAM, ubicados en el acervo del Archivo Histórico de la esa Universidad.