bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Emerging Opportunities for Targeting mTOR in Cancer
Authors: Wood Kris C. , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: November 2022

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in normal and malignant cell growth. However, pharmacologic targeting of mTOR in cancer has shown little clinical benefit, in spite of aberrant hyperactivation of mTOR in most solid tumors. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the reduced clinical efficacy of mTOR inhibition and highlight lessons learned from recent combination clinical trials and approved indications of mTOR inhibitors in cancer. We also discuss how the emerging systems level understanding of mTOR signaling in cancer can be exploited for the clinical development of novel multimodal precision targeted therapies and immunotherapies aimed at achieving tumor remission.
Conditioning Regimens are Associated with Distinct Patterns of Microbiota Injury in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Shouval Roni , Waters Nicholas R. , Gomes Antonio L. C. , Zuanelli Brambilla Corrado , Fei Teng , Devlin Sean M. , Nguyen Chi L. , Markey Kate A. , Dai Anqi , Slingerland John B. , Clurman Annelie G. , Fontana Emily , Amoretti Luigi A. , Wright Roberta J. , Hohl Tobias M. , Taur Ying , Sung Anthony D. , Weber Daniela , Hashimoto Daigo , Teshima Takanori , Chao Nelson J. , Holler Ernst , Scordo Michael , Giralt Sergio A. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Peled Jonathan U. , van den Brink Marcel R.M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

The gut microbiota is subject to multiple insults in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients. We hypothesized that preparative conditioning regimens contribute to microbiota perturbation in allo-HCT.

Experimental Design:

This was a retrospective study that evaluated the relationship between conditioning regimens exposure in 1,188 allo-HCT recipients and the gut microbiome. Stool samples collected from 20 days before transplantation up to 30 days after were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbiota injury was quantified by changes in α-diversity.

Results:

We identified distinct patterns of microbiota injury that varied by conditioning regimen. Diversity loss was graded into three levels of conditioning-associated microbiota injury (CMBI) in a multivariable model that included antibiotic exposures. High-intensity regimens, such as total body irradiation (TBI)–thiotepa-cyclophosphamide, were associated with the greatest injury (CMBI III). In contrast, the nonmyeloablative regimen fludarabine–cyclophosphamide with low-dose TBI (Flu/Cy/TBI200) had a low-grade injury (CMBI I). The risk of acute GVHD correlated with CMBI degree. Pretransplant microbial compositions were best preserved with Flu/Cy/TBI200, whereas other regimens were associated with loss of commensal bacteria and expansion of Enterococcus.

Conclusions:

Our findings support an interaction between conditioning at the regimen level and the extent of microbiota injury.
Increased Longevity of a Novel Gas Exchanger System for Low-Flow Veno-Venous Extracorporeal CO2 Removal in Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Konopasek Shalimar Mila , Klinzing Stephanie , Wendel Garcia Pedro David , Hilty Matthias Peter , Maggiorini Marco
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Low-flow veno-venous extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) is an adjunctive therapy to support lung protective ventilation or maintain spontaneous breathing in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Low-flow ECCO2R is less invasive compared to higher flow systems, while potentially compromising efficiency and membrane lifetime. To counteract this shortcoming, a high-longevity system has recently been developed. Our hypotheses were that the novel membrane system provides runtimes up to 120 h, and CO2 removal remains constant throughout membrane system lifetime. Methods: Seventy patients with pH ≤ 7.25 and/or PaCO2 ≥9 kPa exceeding lung protective ventilation limits, or experiencing respiratory exhaustion during spontaneous breathing, were treated with the high-longevity ProLUNG system or in a control group using the original gas exchanger. Treatment parameters, gas exchanger runtime, and sweep-gas VCO2 were recorded across 9,806 treatment-hours and retrospectively analyzed. Results: 25/33 and 23/37 patients were mechanically ventilated as opposed to awake spontaneously breathing in both groups. The high-longevity system increased gas exchanger runtime from 29 ± 16 to 48 ± 36 h in ventilated and from 22 ± 14 to 31 ± 31 h in awake patients (p < 0.0001), with longer runtime in the former (p < 0.01). VCO2 remained constant at 86 ± 34 mL/min (p = 0.11). Overall, PaCO2 decreased from 9.1 ± 2.0 to 7.9 ± 1.9 kPa within 1 h (p < 0.001). Tidal volume could be maintained at 5.4 ± 1.8 versus 5.7 ± 2.2 mL/kg at 120 h (p = 0.60), and peak airway pressure could be reduced from 31.1 ± 5.1 to 27.5 ± 6.8 mbar (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Using a high-longevity gas exchanger system, membrane lifetime in low-flow ECCO2R could be extended in comparison to previous systems but remained below 120 h, especially in spontaneously breathing patients. Extracorporeal VCO2 remained constant throughout gas exchanger system runtime and was consistent with removal of approximately 50% of expected CO2 production, enabling lung protective ventilation despite hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration for Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Kazory Amir , Sgarabotto Luca , Ronco Claudio
Published: November 2022

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has the highest rate of hospital readmission among all medical conditions and portends a significant financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Hospitalization for ADHF is primarily driven by congestion, with intravenous loop diuretics representing the cornerstone of therapy. However, it is well described that a significant subset of patients is discharged with residual fluid overload. While the cause of the incomplete decongestion is multifactorial, the development of diuretic resistance is a well-characterized contributing factor with consequent poor outcomes. Moreover, the therapeutic response to diuretics is known to lack predictability. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration (a mechanical pump-driven therapy) has emerged as an option to overcome shortcomings of the diuretics. It allows clinicians to customize the volume and the rate of fluid removal to the needs and clinical characteristics of the patients. The results of the currently available studies indicate that this therapy is associated with more efficient fluid and sodium removal compared to medical therapy, hence leading to reduction in the rate of readmissions and a potential salutary impact on the financial burden associated with the care of these patients. While isolated ultrafiltration can be performed by conventional machines used for renal replacement therapy, the advent of simplified, portable, and user-friendly devices that are specifically designed for extracorporeal ultrafiltration therapy has further enhanced the interest in this therapeutic modality and increased the potential for its more widespread use. Further, development in this direction through device miniaturization may extend the horizons of indications and the applicability of this therapy even in the ambulatory settings.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BURNOUT IN BCA FINANCE EMPLOYEES
Authors: Nurdiyansyah Wawan , Asih Yuli
Published: November 2022

BCA multifinance employees have various problems, both workload and work stress that have an impact on the emergence of burnout. Burnout is a state of extreme psychological stress so that individuals experience emotional exhaustion and low motivation to work. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive methd. Where the data collection technique is carried out by field observation techniques, conducting interviews with related parties and conducting documentation as evidence. The results showed that the burnout of BCA multifinance employees was categorized as high. Factors that determine burnout in BCA multifinance employees are divided into two, the first is situational factors consisting of : Work second individual factor consist of : demoraphic characteristic (burnout level based on age, gender, education, marital status), burnout rate based on problem solving, expectations too high, personal problems. Suggestions in this study are sharing and counseling to provide good social support such as motivating employees to work optimally by giving awards or rewards for their work.
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND CREATIVITY ON STUDENTS INTEREST FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Pujiastuti Endah , Salsabila Iqlima
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of motivation and creativity on the interest of students to become entrepreneurs. Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 127 Politeknik Stibisnis students. The data analysis method used in this study is quantitative using the SPSS program. The results showed that motivation had a positive and significant effect on students' interest in entrepreneurship for students at the Politeknik Stibisnis Tegal. And the second result also shows that creativity has a positive and significant effect on students interest in entrepreneurship, and there is a positive and significant influence between motivation (X1) and creativity (X2) simultaneously on interest in entrepreneurship (Y) students of the Politeknik Stibisnis Tegal.
Blood Pressure Control Targets and Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Teo Kay-Cheong , Keins Sophia , Abramson Jessica R. , Leung William C.Y. , Leung Ian Y.H. , Wong Yuen-Kwun , Yeung Charming , Kourkoulis Christina , Warren Andrew D. , Chan Koon-Ho , Cheung Raymond T.F. , Ho Shu-Leong , Gurol M. Edip , Viswanathan Anand , Greenberg Steven M. , Anderson Christopher D. , Lau Kui-Kai , Rosand Jonathan , Biffi Alessandro
Published: November 2022

Background:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) survivors are at high risk for recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. Blood pressure (BP) control represents the most potent intervention to lower these risks, but optimal treatment targets in this patient population remain unknown. We sought to determine whether survivors of ICH achieving more intensive BP control than current guideline recommendations (systolic BP <130 mmHg and diastolic BP <80 mmHg) were at lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and mortality.

Methods:

We analyzed data for 1828 survivors of spontaneous ICH from 2 cohort studies. Follow-up BP measurements were recorded 3 and 6 months after ICH, and every 6 months thereafter. Outcomes of interest were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (recurrent ICH, incident ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction), vascular mortality (defined as mortality attributed to recurrent ICH, ischemic stroke, or myocardial infarction), and all-cause mortality.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 46.2 months, we observed 166 recurrent ICH, 68 ischemic strokes, 69 myocardial infarction, and 429 deaths. Compared with survivors of ICH with systolic BP 120 to 129 mmHg, participants who achieved systolic BP <120 mmHg displayed reduced risk of recurrent ICH (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59–0.94]) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (AHR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53–0.92]). All-cause mortality (AHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.57–1.03]) and vascular mortality (AHR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.45–1.01]) did not differ significantly. Among participants aged >75 years or with modified Rankin Scale score 4 to 5, systolic BP <120 mmHg was associated with increased all-cause mortality (AHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.02–1.85] and AHR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03–1.78], respectively), but not vascular mortality. We found no differences in outcome rates between survivors of ICH with diastolic BP <70 versus 70 to 79 mmHg.

Conclusions:

Targeting systolic BP <120 mmHg in select groups of survivors of ICH could result in decreased major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events risk without increasing mortality. Our findings warrant investigation in dedicated randomized controlled trials.
De-risking Decarbonization: Accelerating Fossil Fuel Retirement by Shifting Costs to Future Winners
Authors: Gard-Murray Alexander
Published: November 2022

Fossil fuel–rich developing countries should be included in climate change mitigation. But they need money, above what rich countries have been willing to provide, to do so. I argue that existing approaches to international and intergenerational transfers have failed to bridge the gap between developing and developed countries’ interests. I present a new model in which the costs of present climate action are distributed not according to present or historical wealth but according to future wealth. I demonstrate the basic feasibility of this approach with an implementation I call income-adjusted guarantees. I argue that such an arrangement can help accelerate fossil fuel retirement in developing countries and break the deadlock over global climate financing.
Dynamics Are the Only Constant in Working Memory
Authors: Adam Kirsten C. S. , Rademaker Rosanne L. , Serences John T.
Published: November 2022

In this short perspective, we reflect upon our tendency to use oversimplified and idiosyncratic tasks in a quest to discover general mechanisms of working memory. We discuss how the work of Mark Stokes and collaborators has looked beyond localized, temporally persistent neural activity and shifted focus toward the importance of distributed, dynamic neural codes for working memory. A critical lesson from this work is that using simplified tasks does not automatically simplify the neural computations supporting behavior (even if we wish it were so). Moreover, Stokes' insights about multidimensional dynamics highlight the flexibility of the neural codes underlying cognition and have pushed the field to look beyond static measures of working memory.
Social Vulnerability, Wildfire Risk, and Ecological Concerns Over the American Wildland-Urban Interface in the San Francisco Bay Area: A Sustainable Development Perspective
Authors: Quamruzzaman Amm , Currie Ava , Centeno Emma , Huang Grace , Wang Joyce , Moolakatt Rohith A. , Hashimoto Scott , Sant Amit
Published: November 2022

Building more homes and amenities in the wildland-urban interface (wui) is not a sustainable practice as it is associated with a greater risk of wildfire, social vulnerability, and ecological damage. Yet, the issue of whether or how to regulate the expansion of the wui remains contentious and largely unresolved in understanding sustainable development. There are fewer studies that explore how wildfire risks are compounded by social vulnerability of people who reside in the fire prone wui. Additionally, much of the extant research is focused on the national or regional level management of ecosystems and forest fires, with a clear lack of focus on local level dynamics. To fill these gaps, our analysis outlines the preliminary steps to identify social vulnerability, ecological damage, and wildfire risk in the wui fire hazard zones of the highest severity type. Utilizing gis mapping, wildfire risk, and census data on social vulnerability, our analysis reveals patterns of the wui expansion in the San Francisco Bay Area from 1990 to 2010 and provides policy recommendations from a sustainable development perspective to address social vulnerability, wildfire risk, and ecological concerns over the wui.
The Role of the Scarecrow in Surgery
Authors: Shapiro David S.
Published: November 2022

In 1998, a Wyoming cyclist noticed what he initially thought was a scarecrow was actually a person. When he took the time to investigate, he found Matthew Shepherd bound to a fence, beaten and left for dead, attacked for being gay. This heinous act of hatred represented a shift in how the United States treats hate crimes, leveeing severe ramifications for the motivations themselves. Although progress has been made, many in medicine who identify in as LGBTQI+ choose to conceal their truths out of fear. With available evidence suggesting a worsening shortage of surgeons in the country, populations of interested people cannot be excluded. Data on representation is severely lacking but is key to attract candidates; inclusivity, modern vocabularies, and the demonstration of engagement are important. Surgical organizations must understand the importance of being a welcoming, mentoring, and allying environment for interested LGBTQI+ candidates, serving as beacons for their interest, or we will simply remain complicit in seeing only scarecrows.
How I Remember My Mother’s Story: A Cross-National Investigation of Vicarious Family Stories in Turkey and New Zealand
Authors: Bakir-Demir Tugce , Reese Elaine , Sahin-Acar Basak , Taumoepeau Mele
Published: November 2022

Stories that have not been personally experienced by children and are only told by their parents are called vicarious family stories. An emerging body of literature has shown that vicarious family stories are an important part of children’s narrative ecology. However, to date, only two studies from the same cross-cultural project have examined the role of culture in vicarious family stories. The aims of this study were to examine vicarious mother stories in Turkey and New Zealand (NZ) and to investigate individual variations in national groups with regard to the internalization of cultural orientations (i.e., self-construals). There were 108 Turkish and 79 NZ women in this study. We found that Turkish women’s stories were more thematically coherent and included more social interactions and other-related words than NZ women’s. When reporting reasons for why they thought family members told stories, didactic purposes and expressing emotions were more common reasons for Turkish women, whereas sharing family history and entertainment were more common reasons for NZ women. However, Turkish and NZ women’s vicarious stories were similar in terms of identity connections and affective tone. Unexpectedly, we did not find a significant role of individuals’ self-construals in the link between national groups and vicarious stories. This study contributes to the growing area of research on family narratives by showing the commonalities and differences in the construction of vicarious stories across national groups.
Drunkorexia Among a Sample of Lebanese Adults: The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas
Authors: Gerges Sarah , Hallit Souheil , Malaeb Diana , Laghi Fiorenzo , Obeid Sahar
Published: November 2022

Background: Drunkorexia is a food and alcohol disturbance described as being a range of disordered and compensatory eating behaviors that co-occur with excessive alcohol consumption. The remarkable correlation, highlighted in the literature, between dysfunctional cognitions and both eating disorders and substance use disorders is able to emphasize that cognitive phenomena can be an intrapersonal factor linked to drunkorexia disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and drunkorexia among a sample of Lebanese adults.

Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study across all the Lebanese governorates (September-December 2020; N = 258). The Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scales, Drunkorexia Fails Scale, Drunkorexia during an Alcohol Consumption Event Scale, and Post-Drinking Compensation Scale were used to assess drunkorexia, whereas the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form three was used to measure EMSs.

Results: Emotional deprivation and subjugation were significantly associated with more drunkorexia motives, whereas emotional inhibition was significantly associated with less drunkorexia motives. Failure was significantly associated with more drunkorexia behaviors. Abandonment and mistrust were significantly associated with more drunkorexia fails, whereas unrelenting standards was significantly associated with less drunkorexia fails. Subjugation was significantly associated with more drunkorexia during alcohol consumption on events. Social isolation was significantly associated with more post-drinking compensation, whereas unrelenting standards was significantly associated with less post-drinking compensation.

Conclusion: Our findings showed that drunkorexia is positively associated with EMSs, delineating as well the specific relationships between dysfunctional cognitive schemas and drunkorexia’s maladaptive behavioral aspects. They support the hypothesis that EMSs might play an important role in drunkorexia’s development and perpetuation. This study could therefore serve healthcare professionals for the cognitive approach of patients with concomitant alcohol misuse and eating disorders while emphasizing the value of cognitive-behavioral interventions—namely schema therapy.
Police Diversion at Arrest: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Harmon-Darrow Caroline , Afkinich Jenny , Franke Nancy D. , Betz Gail
Published: November 2022

Police-initiated diversion programs are an increasingly common intervention to prevent excessive arrests of vulnerable populations. This systematic literature review carefully examined the current state of research to evaluate what is known about these programs and to determine the next steps for the field. Health, human services, legal, and criminal justice databases were searched for empirical research on police-initiated pre-arrest diversion of adults from 2000 to the present, resulting in 47 relevant studies for the review. The study designs, analyses, and findings are described. Overall, police diversion programs were associated with reducing recidivism and lowering costs, although there is little association between program participation and improved behavioral health. More in-depth qualitative and quasi-experimental research is needed. Police diversion programs can be seen as one major social justice strategy to reduce dependence on mass incarceration to resolve social problems.
Anísio Teixeira’s Experiences at Teachers College and the Quest to Foster Democracy Through Education in Brazil
Authors: Winter Marcella
Published: November 2022

Background/Context:

Considered one of the most influential educators in Brazil’s history, Anísio Teixeira is one of the renowned Latin American students who came to Teachers College (TC). Teixeira was a prominent reformer and educator known for advocating free, public, and secular education accessible to all children. His work as an educator and policy maker is closely related to the idea that schools are “machines that generate democracy.”

Purpose/Objective:

The article discusses how Teixeira’s education at Teachers College and his experiences within the U.S. schooling system shaped his conceptions of education and influenced how he aimed to reform the Brazilian public school.

Research Design:

The study is a historical analysis based on archival research and the works published by Teixeira on education and democracy.

Conclusions:

Brazil and the United States’ historical moment influenced how Anísio Teixeira lived his personal and academic experiences at Teachers College. While discussions on society and education in his home country revolved around establishing a new model, Teachers College welcomed international students who could promote values based on the example offered by the United States. The combination of those perspectives impacted how Teixeira perceived the centrality of democratic values on schooling practices and considered them central for the reforms he would implement upon returning to Brazil.
Perspectives: Revisited 2022-4
Authors: Kirkwood Hal
Published: November 2022

An exploration of articles found across the Sage Publications collection. This issue focusing on market research, competitive intelligence, and social media research.
High serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were related to the prognosis and ventricular remodeling of heart failure patients with mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Fan Liuzhang , Gu Lingyun , Yao Yuyu , Ma Genshan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in the ventricular remodeling process in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that high levels of FGF21 correlated with the ventricular remodeling of heart failure patients with mildly reduced (HFmrEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods

A total of 203 participants with HFmrEF or HFrEF were enrolled and followed up from June 2018 to June 2021. 68 subjects without heart failure (HF) underwent physical examinations during the same time were selected as the control group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which were defined as all-cause or cardiac mortality and rehospitalization for decompensation. Serum FGF21 levels were measured early the next morning after admission using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

The FGF21 levels were significantly higher in patients with HFmrEF or HFrEF than that in the control group (213.57 ± 42.65 pg/mL, 222.93 ± 34.36 pg/mL vs 171.00 ± 12.86 pg/mL, p < .001). The serum levels of FGF21 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were both higher in the endpoint event group than those of non-endpoint event group regardless of the HFmrEF or HFrEF group ( p < .001). Spearman’s correlation revealed that FGF21 was positively correlated with left ventricular end-systolic diameter left ventricular end-diastolic diameter left ventricular mass index ( p < .01). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between FGF21 and left ventricular ejection fraction in addition to relative wall thickness ( p < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of FGF21 was 0.874. The optimal cut-off value of FGF21 determined by ROC curve was 210.11 pg/mL. The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the low FGF21 levels group had an increased MACE-free survival rate compared with the high FGF21 levels group. On univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, it was seen that both serum FGF21 and NT-proBNP were independent predictors of a poor prognosis in HF patients.

Conclusion

Baseline levels of FGF21 and NT-proBNP were related to the ventricular remodeling of patients with a mildly reduced or reduced ejection fraction. FGF21 and NT-proBNP both had good prognostic value for MACEs in heart failure patients with a mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction.
Pharmacological characterization of 5-iodo-A-85380, a β2-selective nicotinic receptor agonist, in mice
Authors: Akinola Lois S , Bagdas Deniz , Alkhlaif Yasmin , Jackson Asti , Gurdap Cenk O , Rahimpour Elnaz , Carroll F. Ivy , Papke Roger L , Damaj M. Imad
Published: November 2022

Background:

Because of their implications in several pathological conditions, α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are potential targets for the treatment of nicotine dependence, pain, and many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. However, they exist in various subtypes, and finding selective tools to investigate them has proved challenging. The nicotinic receptor agonist, 5-iodo-A-85380 (5IA), has helped in delineating the function of β2-containing subtypes in vitro; however, much is still unknown about its behavioral effects. Furthermore, its effectiveness on α6-containing subtypes is limited.

Aims:

To investigate the effects of 5IA on nociception (formalin, hot-plate, and tail-flick tests), locomotion, hypothermia, and conditioned reward after acute and repeated administration, and to examine the potential role of β2 and α6 nAChR subunits in these effects. Lastly, its selectivity for expressed low sensitivity (LS) and high sensitivity (HS) α4β2 receptors is investigated.

Results:

5IA dose-dependently induced hypothermia, locomotion suppression, conditioned place preference, and antinociception (only in the formalin test but not in the hot-plate or tail-flick tests). Furthermore, these effects were mediated by β2 but not α6 nicotinic subunits. Finally, we show that 5-iodo-A-85380 potently activates both stoichiometries of α4β2 nAChRs with differential efficacies, being a full agonist on HS α4(2)β2(3) nAChRs, and a partial agonist on LS α4(3)β2(2) nAChRs and α6-containing subtypes as well.
Measuring music-genre preferences: Discrepancies between direct and indirect methods
Authors: Cuadrado-García Manuel , Montoro-Pons Juan D , Miquel-Romero María-José
Published: November 2022

Preferences are essential in explaining consumer choice and have been studied from different standpoints. Some empirical studies aimed at measuring music preferences have used direct procedures (i.e., list of genres), while other studies have used indirect measures (i.e., listening to excerpts of music). This article focuses on analyzing music-genre preferences to identify whether they differ depending on the type of measure used (direct vs. indirect), studying their consistency. A survey was conducted among 753 individuals. The results highlight not only the discrepancies of using one measure or another but also the relevance of familiarity and experience, associated with individuals’ endowment of cultural capital. Findings explain the (in)consistency of reported preferences through direct and indirect means. All in all, the research suggests that direct and indirect methods to measure music preferences may be capturing different dimensions.
Music genre and volume do not modulate energy intake, short-term satiety, and mood states: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Çetin Cansu , Ayaz Aylin , Samur Gülhan , Akyol Aslı
Published: November 2022

This study was designed to investigate whether background music genre and volume can alter energy intake, short-term satiety, and mood states in women with normal body weight. Participants ( N = 35) were tested using a randomized, crossover design consisting of five conditions: the control day on which no music was playing (CON), 60-dB Western classical (60 dB C), 80-dB Western classical (80 dB C), 60-dB rock (60 dB R), and 80-dB rock (80 dB R) music. The four music conditions were from 15 min before lunch and during an ad libitum lunch until the end of the meal. The participants were first asked to report visual analog scale (VAS) scores on sensory outcomes, lunch was served, and the energy intake of the individuals and their profile of mood states (POMS) were measured. Overall, mean VAS scores were similar between the groups on all of the test days ( p > .05). Listening to different music genres and volumes did not exert a significant effect on energy intake ( p > .05). The only mood state that differed significantly was confusion-bewilderment ( p = .017). Neither music genre nor volume influence short-term energy intake and satiety-related VAS outcomes.
Insurance in the Industry 4.0 environment: A literature review, synthesis, and research agenda
Authors: Srivastava Ritu , Prashar Anupama , Iyer S.Veena , Gotise Piyush
Published: November 2022

Commodification and thinning margins of insurers have increased competition in the industry. Accessing accurate data and its meaningful analysis is becoming vital. The rise of digital technologies driven by the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) enables this but also poses new risks to insurers. The literature is evolving, and most reviews have focused on technologies or insurance value chain aspects. This systematic review of research on digital technologies in insurance discusses their benefits, enablers and inhibitors with specific reference to Industry 4.0–driven changes and identifies opportunities and imminent changes in the industry. This article discusses directions for future research.

JEL Classification: M150 IT Management
Predictive Models of Driver Deceleration and Acceleration Responses to Lead Vehicle Cutting In and Out
Authors: Hu Jason , Lin Brian Tsang-Wei , Vega Jim H. , Tsiang Nathan Ren-Liang
Published: November 2022

A common maneuver drivers perform and experience on the road is changing lanes. Autonomous vehicles are required to engage a lane change safely and to react to the other road users’ lane changes. To develop autonomous vehicles that change lanes or respond to the lead vehicle’s lane changes in a safe and human-like way, one should investigate the factors that affect human driver responses. By reviewing the literature to identify potential factors, this study extracted these factors from a naturalistic driving data set and associated them with driver deceleration and acceleration responses to the lead vehicle’s cut-in and cut-out to develop predictive models for the impact of the events on traffic flow. After the events were verified as accurate, the variables associated with the events, including range, range rate, speed, lateral position in the lane, and average acceleration were analyzed using logistic regression, support vector machines (SVM), and two forms of decision trees. In total, 799 cut-in events and 684 cut-out events with the necessary variables were applied for analysis. The significant variables influencing driver behavior were found, and using these variables, the predictive models achieved around 80% accuracy for cut-ins, and 73% accuracy for cut-outs on test data. These results will assist in the future design of autonomous vehicle control to minimize detrimental effects on traffic when changing lanes and safe longitudinal control when responding to a lead vehicle’s lane changes, allowing for safe integration with human drivers, and better design of driver assistance systems.
The Biomechanical Stability of Bone Staples in Cortical Fixation of Tendon Grafts for Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Depends on the Implant Design
Authors: Deichsel Adrian , Raschke Michael J. , Herbst Elmar , Peez Christian , Oeckenpöhler Simon , Briese Thorben , Wermers Jens , Kittl Christoph , Glasbrenner Johannes
Published: November 2022

Background:

The promising biomechanical stability of bone staples (BSs) in cortical fixation of tendon grafts for medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction has been revealed by a previous investigation. However, it is currently unknown if the biomechanical stability of cortical fixation of tendon grafts depends on the BS design.

Purpose:

To assess the biomechanical stability of cortical fixation of tendon grafts in knee surgery using 4 different BS designs.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Cortical fixation of tendon grafts was performed in a porcine knee model at the tibial insertion area of the MCL using 4 different BS designs (n = 40): 8-mm width without spikes (n = 10), 8-mm width with spikes (n = 10), 14-mm width with spikes (n = 10), and 13 mm–wide 4-prong staples with spikes (n = 10). Specimens were mounted in a materials testing machine, and cyclic loading was applied to the tendon graft (500 cycles at 50 and 100 N, respectively), followed by load-to-failure testing. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis ( P < .05), and the post hoc Dunn test was performed for multiple comparisons.

Results:

In 4 of 10 specimens with graft fixation using BSs without spikes, slippage of the tendon underneath the BS led to failure of the construct during cyclic loading to 100 N. In the other groups, no fixation failure was observed during cyclic loading. Furthermore, graft fixation using BSs without spikes was found to have significantly more elongation during cyclic loading (8.2 ± 1.9 mm) and a lower ultimate failure load (170 ± 120 N) compared with graft fixation using narrow BSs with spikes (3.4 ± 1.2 mm [ P < .0001] and 364 ± 85 N [ P < .05], respectively) and graft fixation using broad BSs with spikes (4.5 ± 1.4 mm [ P < .05] and 429 ± 67 N [ P < .001], respectively). No statistical differences in elongation during cyclic loading or ultimate failure load were found between 4-prong staples with spikes (5.0 ± 1.3 mm and 304 ± 85 N) and narrow or broad staples with spikes.

Conclusion:

The biomechanical stability of cortical fixation of an MCL graft was comparable between each BS design with spikes (narrow, broad, and 4-prong) in a porcine knee model, whereas BSs without spikes led to failure of the fixation construct during cyclic loading in 4 of 10 specimens and increased elongation and lower ultimate failure loads in the remainder of the group. BSs without spikes may therefore not be recommended for graft fixation.

Clinical Relevance:

The use of BSs can help to avoid the conflict of converging tunnels in multiligament reconstruction surgery. An implant design with spikes yields significantly higher biomechanical stability than BSs without spikes.
Intangible Assets and Crash Risk: The Case of Low Intellectual Capital Firms in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiawan Dedhy , Rudiawarni Felizia Arni , Sergi Bruno S.
Published: November 2022

This study explores how intangible assets affect crash risk in Indonesia as the representative of emerging markets, especially for low intellectual capital firms. We employ regression analysis to investigate the effect of intangible assets on crash risk in Indonesia. The findings suggest that firms with intangible assets are more vulnerable to crash risk. Our further investigations also find that intangible assets stimulate crash risk in low IC firms, but intangible assets cannot explain crash risk in high IC firms. This study implies that Indonesia’s low IC firms with intangible assets use explorative innovation strategies rather than exploitative strategies. This paper warns investors about the increasing crash risk of overvalued intangible assets and guides investors in anticipating future crashes.

JEL Classifications: G11, G40, O31
Effects of Health Coaching on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kwok Zoe Ching-man , Tao An , Chan Helen Yue-lai
Published: November 2022

Objective

To appraise and synthesize evidence on the effects of health coaching as the primary intervention on cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults.

Data Source

Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and the Cochrane library) were searched from inception until July 2021.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials published in English, reporting health coaching aimed to promote behavioral changes for improving cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults were included. Studies on health coaching as secondary intervention were excluded.

Data Extraction

Two reviewers selected the articles, appraised the study quality, and extracted data independently. All kinds of outcomes related to cardiometabolic health, including health behaviors, psychological and physiological outcomes, were included.

Data Synthesis

Meta-analysis was performed if three or more studies reported the same outcomes. Narrative synthesis was performed if pooling of data for meta-analysis was not feasible.

Results

Eight studies were reviewed. Most studies involved substantial risk of bias. The majority of the participants were women (99.1%). Meta-analysis showed a small but significant effect of health coaching on increasing physical activity (SMD = .34, 95% CI = .08–.60, p = .01, I2 = 0%); however, its effect on perceived barriers to physical activity and depressive symptoms was nonsignificant. Narrative synthesis yielded inconsistent results on diet, smoking, anxiety, goal achievement and self-efficacy for behavioral change, physiological outcomes, and metabolic syndrome severity, and nonsignificant effects on alcohol consumption, sleep quality, perceived benefits of physical activities, and cardiovascular symptoms.

Conclusions

Health coaching has significant effects on increasing physical activity among middle-aged adults; however, its effects on health behaviors and risk factors related to cardiometabolic health are inconclusive. Further efforts are warranted to examine how health coaching can improve cardiometabolic health among middle-aged adults.
Suppression of lateral vibration in a shafting system via an auxiliary active magnetic bearing with position control
Authors: Yang Dequan , Qin Hui , Xie Xiling , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: November 2022

The bearings in a shafting system are important paths for the lateral vibration of the shaft to transmit to the hull structure and induce underwater sound. An auxiliary active magnetic bearing for suppressing the lateral vibration at the stern support of a shafting system is investigated. The active magnetic bearing situated close to the stern bearing generates electromagnetic forces to support the shaft, which decreases the contact stiffness as well as the friction between the shaft and the stern bearing and accordingly reduces the stern support acceleration. A dynamic model is established using the Timoshenko beam theory and Hamilton’s principle and the performance of the active magnetic bearing in vibration suppression of the shafting system is evaluated with position control. An experimental system is also built to verify the effectiveness of the active magnetic bearing. Numerical and experimental results have shown that the active magnetic bearing is able to suppress the stern support acceleration responses after the shaft is suspended by the active magnetic bearing. Moreover, the orbit of the shaft center is controlled as well.
Estranged and Unhappy? Examining the Dynamics of Personal and Relationship Well-Being Surrounding Infidelity
Authors: Stavrova Olga , Pronk Tila , Denissen Jaap
Published: November 2022

Although relationship theories often describe infidelity as a damaging event in a couple’s life, it remains unclear whether relationship problems actually follow infidelity, precede it, or both. The analyses of dyadic panel data of adults in Germany including about 1,000 infidelity events showed that infidelity was preceded (but not followed) by a gradual decrease in relationship functioning in perpetrators and victims. There was little evidence of rebound effects in the aftermath of infidelity, with the exception of unfaithful women and individuals with lower initial relationship commitment who returned to the pre-event level of well-being or even exceeded it, providing support to the expectancy violation theory (vs. the investment model of infidelity). By showing that well-being starts to decline before infidelity happens, this study provides a differentiated view on the temporal dynamics of infidelity and well-being and contributes to the literature on romantic relationship dynamics and major life events.
From the Viscera to First Impressions: Phase-Dependent Cardio-Visual Signals Bias the Perceived Trustworthiness of Faces
Authors: Azevedo Ruben T. , von Mohr Mariana , Tsakiris Manos
Published: November 2022

When we see new people, we rapidly form first impressions. Whereas past research has focused on the role of morphological or emotional cues, we asked whether transient visceral states bias the impressions we form. Across three studies ( N = 94 university students), we investigated how fluctuations of bodily states, driven by the interoceptive impact of cardiac signals, influence the perceived trustworthiness of faces. Participants less often chose faces presented in synchrony with their own cardiac systole as more trustworthy than faces presented out of synchrony. Participants also explicitly judged faces presented in synchrony with their cardiac systole as less trustworthy. Finally, the presentation of faces in synchrony with participants’ cardiac diastole did not modulate participants’ perceptions of the faces’ trustworthiness, suggesting that the systolic phase is necessary for such interoceptive effects. These findings highlight the role of phasic interoceptive information in the processing of social information and provide a mechanistic account of the role of visceroception for social perception.
Meta-analysis methods for risk difference: A comparison of different models
Authors: Guo Juanru , Xiao Mengli , Chu Haitao , Lin Lifeng
Published: November 2022

Risk difference is a frequently-used effect measure for binary outcomes. In a meta-analysis, commonly-used methods to synthesize risk differences include: (1) the two-step methods that estimate study-specific risk differences first, then followed by the univariate common-effect model, fixed-effects model, or random-effects models; and (2) the one-step methods using bivariate random-effects models to estimate the summary risk difference from study-specific risks. These methods are expected to have similar performance when the number of studies is large and the event rate is not rare. However, studies with zero events are common in meta-analyses, and bias may occur with the conventional two-step methods from excluding zero-event studies or using an artificial continuity correction to zero events. In contrast, zero-event studies can be included and modeled by bivariate random-effects models in a single step. This article compares various methods to estimate risk differences in meta-analyses. Specifically, we present two case studies and three simulation studies to compare the performance of conventional two-step methods and bivariate random-effects models in the presence or absence of zero-event studies. In conclusion, we recommend researchers using bivariate random-effects models to estimate risk differences in meta-analyses, particularly in the presence of zero events.
Application of Predictive Analytics for Early Warning System for Healthcare Management
Authors: Roy Bhaskar , Bera Debabrata , Roy Avirup , Upadhyay S. K.
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic after its outbreak in January 2020. The majority of the countries have witnessed peak effects of the disease, and they need to learn from their past experience of dealing with and pro-actively controlling the future waves. Thus, this article aims to analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on some of the key states in India and provide analytical actionable insight for better epidemic management. In this article, we have focused on Maharashtra and tried to show how other states can also incorporate pro-active pandemic management to reduce the number of causalities in the following waves. The key objectives of this article are to provide a scenario base forecasted number of patients for Maharashtra with sufficient lead time, review the current capacity of the health infrastructure, analyse the risk of the current health infrastructure, identify the breaking point of system failure in advance, measure the gap between capacity (supply) vs demand and raise alarms and device an early warning system (EWS) pro-actively. Quantitative analysis of the statistics related to COVID-19 has been done based on their official (government) data and some of the previous research work. Prophet Model has been used to forecast and then the forecasted values are combined with the daily load in hospitals to measure the extra load on the healthcare system.
An Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Negative Campaign Messaging: Will Outcome Framing Work for Partisans in Polarised Politics?
Authors: Kim Kenneth E. , McKinnon Lori M.
Published: November 2022

The current study focuses on the use of outcome framing as a strategic negative message tactic and its impact on partisans. Specifically, this study theorises that the impact of partisan cues such as party affiliation is moderated by differently framed claims in negative political advertising. Participants viewed a negative ad, varying in outcome framing (negative ramifications of electing the targeted candidate versus positive consequences of defeating the target) and partisan matching (in-party versus out-party). Participants were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Experiment 1 ( N = 96), where a Republican candidate was the target of a negative ad, revealed that the persuasiveness of a loss-framed negative ad significantly increased in the out-party versus in-party condition. Experiment 2 ( N = 123), where a Democratic candidate was the target of a negative ad, found that a loss framed-negative ad was significantly more influential than a gain-framed negative ad in both in-party and out-party conditions. Implications exist for design and practice of negative campaign messaging.