bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting short-term outcomes in brain-Injured patients: A comprehensive approach with transcranial Doppler and intracranial compliance assessment
Authors: Brasil Sergio , Cardim Danilo , Caldas Juliana , Robba Chiara , Taccone Fabio Silvio , de-Lima-Oliveira Marcelo , Yoshikawa Márcia Harumy , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá , Paiva Wellingson Silva
Published: October 2023

Background
Neurocritical patients frequently exhibit abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamic (CH) impairment and/or intracranial compliance (ICC), all of which significantly impact their clinical outcomes. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and the cranial micro-deformation sensor (B4C) are valuable techniques for assessing CH and ICC, respectively. However, there is a scarcity of data regarding the predictive value of these techniques in determining patient outcomes.
Methods
We prospectively included neurocritical patients undergoing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring within the first 5 days of hospital admission for TCD and B4C assessments. Comprehensive clinical data were collected alongside parameters obtained from TCD (including blood velocities, pulsatility index, estimated ICP - eICP and estimated cerebral perfusion pressure - eCPP]) and B4C (measured as the P2/P1 ratio). These parameters were evaluated individually as well as in combination. These parameters were evaluated alone as well as in combinations among them. The short-term outcomes (STO) of interest were the therapy intensity levels (til) for icp management recommended by the SIBICC, as TIL 0 (STO 1), TIL 1–3 (STO 2) and death (STO 3), at the seventh day after last data collection.
Results
A total of 98 patients were included, with 67% having experienced traumatic brain injury; ICP, P2/P1, and eCPP demonstrated the highest ability to predict early mortality (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.006, respectively). P2/P1 was the only parameter significant for the prediction of STO 1 (p = 0.03). Combining B4C and TCD parameters, the highest areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.85 to predict death (STO 3), using P2/P1 + eCPP, whereas AUC was 0.72 to identify ICP > 20 mmHg using P2/P1 + eICP.
Conclusion
The combined noninvasive neuromonitoring approach using TCD and B4C demonstrated improved performance in predicting outcomes during the early phase after acute brain injury. Correlation between these parameters and intracranial hypertension was moderate, supporting the role of multimodal neuromonitoring as ancillary information in the ICU.
Trial registration
NCT03144219, Registered 01 May 2017 Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03144219
Transcriptome sequencing discovers key genes involved in oil accumulation and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in seeds of Hibiseu manihot
Authors: Yu Jie , Feng Xiaoyan , Yue Kexin , Wang Qifeng , Shi Huimin , Zhu Bo , Lu Junxing , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2023

To reveal the genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and accumulation in the seeds of Hibiseu manihot, transcriptome analysis was performed using seeds from 5, 15 and 30 days after flowering (DAF) in Hibiseu manihot. There were 3338 (1320 down, 2018 up) and 6657 (3408 down, 3249 up) differentially expressed genes in 5 DAF vs 15 DAF, 5 DAF vs 30 DAF. A total of 413 DEGs were identified that were associated with fatty acid pathway, and most of them were highly expressed at 5 DAF and 15 DAF. The expression levels of PDAT and FATA increased with development, KASII and FAD2 were highly expressed in the early and middle stages, respectively, SAD was highly expressed in the late stage, and the high expression of KASII and SAD and the low expression of FAD2 were related to the accumulation of oleic acid, while the high expression of FAD2 and the low expression of FAD3 contributed to linoleic acid accumulation. Consistent with the results of fatty acid content measurements at different stages of Hibiseu manihot, oleic acid content increased and then decreased with seed development, while linoleic acid decreased and then increased. It was hypothesised that KASII, SAD, FATA, PDAT and FAD2 might be closely related to the high oleic acid content of Hibiseu manihot seeds, which laid a molecular foundation for further study on the functions of these genes. This study has important significance and reference value for discovering the key genes involved in the fatty acid synthesis and accumulation in Hibiseu manihot.
PRESEP: Cluster Based Metaheuristic Algorithm for Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Network Application in Internet of Things
Authors: Sharma Sarvesh Kumar , Chawla Mridul
Published: October 2023

A metaheuristic approach based hybrid data routing algorithm is proposed in this paper for energy-efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) applications in Internet of Things (IoT). High speed generation of network demands of more IoT enabled services and platforms. Swarm optimization in route finding is integrated with energy-efficient heuristic method to obtain improved data routing algorithm for heterogeneous WSN. Particle swarm optimized Residual Energy based Stable Election Protocol (PRESEP) simulation yields multi objective solutions for use of residual node energy, prolonged network lifetime and stable cluster formation. Protocol minimizes the cluster head (CH) selection cycle as an outcome of reactive protocol benefits of easy global search of swarm optimization for sustainable data routing in energy-efficient cluster based heterogeneous WSN. Scaling of network is supported by the algorithm with varied heterogeneity factor. Support for heterogeneous WSN with various network sizes are evaluated and found it outperformed previous heterogeneous algorithm in terms of network lifetime, alive nodes, reduced energy consumption with minimum number of repeated CH selection process.
Is there a role for [18F]FMISO PET to guide dose adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck cancer? A review of the literature.
Authors: Sambasivan Khrishanthne , Barrington Sally , Connor Steve , Witney Timothy , Blower Philip , Urbano Teresa Guerrero
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Hypoxia is a major cause of radioresistance in head and neck cancer (HNC), resulting in treatment failure and disease recurrence. 18F-fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) PET has been proposed as a means of localising intratumoural hypoxia in HNC so that radiotherapy can be specifically escalated in hypoxic regions. This concept may not be deliverable in routine clinical practice, however, given that [18F]FMISO PET is costly, time consuming and difficult to access. The aim of this review was to summarise clinical studies involving [18F]FMISO PET to ascertain whether it can be used to guide radiotherapy treatment in HNC.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases. Studies investigating [18F]FMISO PET in newly diagnosed HNC patients were considered eligible for review.
Results
We found the following important results from our literature review:
1) Studies have focussed on comparing [18F]FMISO PET to other hypoxia biomarkers, but currently there is no evidence of a strong correlation between [18F]FMISO and these biomarkers.
2) The results of [18F]FMISO PET imaging are not necessarily repeatable, and the location of uptake may vary during treatment.
3) Tumour recurrences do not always occur within the pretreatment hypoxic volume on [18F]FMISO PET.
4) Dose modification studies using [18F]FMISO PET are in a pilot phase and so far, none have demonstrated the efficacy of radiotherapy dose painting according to [18F]FMISO uptake on PET.
Conclusions
Our results suggest it is unlikely [18F]FMISO PET will be suitable for radiotherapy dose adaptation in HNC in a routine clinical setting. Part of the problem is that hypoxia is a dynamic phenomenon, and thus difficult to delineate on a single scan. Currently, it is anticipated that [18F]FMISO PET will remain useful within the research setting only.
Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis burden in high visceral leishmaniasis endemic upazilas in Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Sagar Soumik Kha , Uddin Md. Rasel , Rashid Md. Utba , Maruf Shomik , Nath Rupen , islam Md. Nazmul , Aktaruzzaman M M , Sohel Abu Nayeem Mohammad , Banjara Megha Raj , Kroeger Axel , Aseffa Abraham , Mondal Dinesh
Published: October 2023

Background
Post kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) threatens the success of the Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) elimination initiative as PKDL patients are inter-epidemic reservoirs of the Leishmania donovani infection in the Indian sub-continent and do not actively seek medical care. Therefore, active case detection (ACD) and management of PKDL cases are vital for preventing an eventual outbreak of VL and sustaining the success of the VL elimination program. We aimed to investigate the burden of PKDL in the highly VL-endemic upazilas in Bangladesh, including an active search for PKDL in leprosy-negative skin lesion cases. We also characterized PKDL cases and investigated their health-seeking behavior and perceived level of stigma.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey among people living in the VL-endemic villages of the five most VL-endemic upazilas. VL experts trained medical officers in Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) and leprosy hospitals in PKDL diagnosis and treatment. The frontline public health workers conducted house-to-house surveys for PKDL suspects and referred them to the responsible centers [UHC and Surja Kanta Kala-azar Research Centre (SKKRC)] after the training. PKDL patients were diagnosed and treated following National Kala-azar Case management guidelines. Data management and analysis were done with the Epi Info version 7 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25.
Results
Of 472,435 individuals screened, 4022 had VL in the past (0.85%). This survey found 82 PKDL suspects among 4022 cases of past VL, and 62 PKDL were confirmed. The overall PKDL burden was 1.3 in 10,000 people but varied across study areas. The predominance of the male sex and the macular form of PKDL were observed. 39 PKDL patients perceived stigma of different levels. Active screening for PKDL among 137 leprosy-negative PKDL suspects in leprosy hospitals yielded 10 (7.3%) PKDL cases. Only 27 of 62 (43.5%) had received treatment for PKDL. Treatment interruption was common due to the unavailability of medicines and side effects of treatment.
Conclusions
Tedious house-to-house surveys for active PKDL search should be complemented with ACD for PKDL through all leprosy hospitals countrywide, as its yield is impressive. Better planning for ensuring medicines for treating PKDL cases is urgently required.
Amazon savannization and climate change are projected to increase dry season length and heat waves over Brazil
Authors: Bottino Marcus Jorge , Nobre Paulo , Giarolla Emanuel , Silva Manoel Baptista , Capistrano Vinicius Buscioli , Malagutti Marta , Tamaoki Jonas , Oliveira³ Beatriz Fátima Alves , Nobre Carlos
Published: October 2023

Land use and atmospheric composition drivers of climate change can interact to affect both local and remote precipitation and temperature regimes. In this article, we investigate the impacts of Amazon savannization and climate change in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulation. We find that both Amazon land use change and atmospheric radiative forcing enlarge the dry season and reduce annual rainfall over most of South America; with the land use driver reinforcing the drying effects of global climate change not only over the Amazon, but also the southern Brazil states. The combined effects of land use and climate change resulted in a mean annual rainfall reduction of 44% and dry season length increase of 69%, when averaged over the Amazon basin, relative to the control run. Modulation of inland moisture transport due to Amazon savannization shows the largest signal to explain the rainfall reduction and dry season length increase throughout Brazil. Temperature wise, the combined effects of savannization and global warming resulted in maximum daily temperature anomalies, reaching values of up to 14 °C above the current climatic conditions over the Amazon. Also, as a consequence of both climate drivers, both soil moisture and surface runoff decrease over most of the country, suggesting cascading negative future impacts on both agriculture production and hydroelectricity power plants generation.
Quantitative Determination of Levofloxacin in Ophthalmic Solution by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Mohammed Shahen Salih , Aziz Dlivan Fattah , Hamasalh Hozan Jaza , Salih Mohammed Ali , Abazari Morteza , Ahmed Mohammed Mahmood
Published: October 2023

Levofloxacin, as a prototypical of the third generation of fluoroquinolones, is an antimicrobial agent routinely administrated for treating bacterial keratitis. Levofloxacin is available under different trade names as liquid pharmaceutical formulations, such as infusions and eye drops. This paper reports a fast, simple, accurate and precise HPLC technique for levofloxacin determination in liquid pharmaceutical formulations. The HPLC method was applied with Photodiode Array Detectors, and measurements were conducted at 294 nm UV-Vis wavelength. The technique was developed to immediately estimate levofloxacin in the Oftaquix 5 mg/mL ophthalmic formulation. The ODS-phenyl column was used and maintained at 30 ± 2 °C and 294 nm λmax conditions. The mixture of acetonitrile:0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (18:82 v/v) was used as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. Levofloxacin peak was eluted at 9.5 min with good resolution. The method was validated in relation to system suitability, accuracy, linearity, and precision in agreement with ICH and FDA guidelines. The results indicated that the established HPLC-DAD method in this study is simple and accurate and can be applied for routine analysis of levofloxacin amounts in pharmaceutical formulations and bioequivalence studies in quality control departments and the pharmaceutical industry.
Communication Performance Analysis of Wireless Multiple Access Channel with Specially Correlated Sources
Authors: Entezami Akram , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed
Published: October 2023

From practical and theoretical viewpoints, performance analysis of the communication systems by using information-theoretic results is very important. In this study, first, we obtain a general achievable rate for tow-user wireless multiple access channel (MAC) with specially correlated sources as a more general version for continuous alphabet MACs, by extending the known discrete alphabet results to the wireless continuous alphabet version. Next, the impact of wireless channel coefficients correlation on the performance metrics by using Copula theory, as the most convenient way for describing the dependence between several variables, is investigated and by applying the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) Copula function, we obtain a closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP) under positive / negative dependence conditions. It is shown that the fading correlation improves the OP for negative dependence structure. Specifically, whenever the dependence structure tends to negative values, the OP decreases and the efficiency of the channel increases. Finally, the efficiency of the analytical results is illustrated numerically.
Drug-related problems identified during pharmacy consultation in outpatient
Authors: Mi Xue , Li Zhuo , Gao Hua , Wen Yafei , Su Xuelong
Published: October 2023

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) might lead to adverse drug events, and medication errors have received extensive attention among the public and health care system worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify common drug-related problems (DRPs) during pharmacy consultation in outpatient pharmacies by implementing a counseling model.
Method: We conducted a prospective study in the outpatient pharmacy of a tertiary academic hospital for 16 months. A counseling model was implemented by a pharmacy team, and data were collected during pharmacy consultation. Data analysis was performed on identified DRPs, causes and their relationships. Problem-level descriptive analysis and network analysis were conducted using R 3.6.3.
Result: Pharmacists identified 504 DRPs during pharmacy consultation with primarily adverse drug events (ADEs, 26.98%) and untreated symptoms or indications (16.67%). The most frequent drug classes correlated with DRPs were ‘cardiovascular system’ drugs (13.39%), followed by ‘traditional Chinese medicine’ (12.71%) and ‘alimentary tract and metabolism’ drugs (12.54%). Most DRPs were due to necessary information not provided in dispensing and drug selection. More than 98.25% of advice given by the pharmacist was accepted or taken into consideration, and 97% of patients reported that their medication problems were totally or partially solved.
Conclusion: Implementation of the counseling model appears to be a means to improve drug use by serving as an important tool to increase the identification and resolution of DRPs, resulting in positive experiences in both pharmacy practitioners and patients.
Contributions to the Design for Reverse Logistics Definition: Integrating Reverse Logistics activities and Design for X approaches
Authors: Erli Braga Jr Antonio , de Lucena Nunes Denilson Ricardo , Rayra Brandão , Batista Martins Vitor William , Nascimento Nagata Verônica de Menezes , Silva Melo André Cristiano
Published: October 2023

The increasing generation of waste and its adverse effects on sustainability have prompted the development of practical solutions rooted in Circular Economy principles and Reverse Logistics (RL) practices. These solutions aim to recover materials' value and responsibly manage non-recoverable waste. Design plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainability in this context. This research aims to define the Design for Reverse Logistics (DfRL) approach by leveraging existing Design for X (DfX) concepts that influence RL activities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted across Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant definitions of DfRL and DfX, which were subsequently analyzed. By aligning DfX definitions with RL activities, this study proposes a DfRL framework based on these DfX principles. The advantages offered by these DfX concepts are linked to the design requirements of RL activities. This article contributes to an evolving understanding of DfRL, facilitating the execution of RL practices that support Waste Management and Circular Economy objectives, aligning with the sustainable development goals of the 2030 Agenda. It bridges a gap in existing literature by connecting DfX principles with RL activities and advancing the definition of DfRL. Moreover, it underscores the need for further research into Design for X approaches and recommends an analysis of design guidelines to establish more robust connections between DfX benefits and design requirements for products, processes, and artifacts supporting RL.
Inhibitory roles of Bacillus velezensis YE-1 isolated from lichens in Baiyin city, Gansu province against Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Zou Yanyan , Ling Na , Ou Dexin , Wang Yang , Ren Yuwei , Chen Hanfang , Zhang Danfeng , Shen Yizhong , Zhao Hongyuan , Ye Yingwang
Published: October 2023

Aspergillus flavus has evoked worldwide attention owing to its serious threat to public health, but how to safely, efficiently, and economically reduce A. flavus contamination remains a great challenge. Here, a Bacillus strain capable of inhibiting A. flavus was isolated from lichens. The antifungal assay showed that Bacillus velezensis YE-1 could inhibit the growth of A. flavus. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that B. velezensis YE-1 exposure severely deformed the spore and mycelial structure and morphology of A. flavus. Furthermore, the biochemical studies revealed a significant alternation in ergosterol content, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear DNA, and aflatoxin synthesis gene in A. flavus exposed to B. velezensis YE-1. In addition, the inhibitory activity of isolated B. velezensis YE-1 was mainly present in the cell-free supernatant, confirming that the heat-resistant non-protein substances produced by B. velezensis YE-1 exerted an antagonistic role on A. flavus. Finally, on corn and peanut kernels, B. velezensis YE-1 can also remarkably improve the disease severity by A. flavus. Therefore, our results showed that B. velezensis YE-1 could be a very promising biocontrol agent for A. flavus and subsequent contamination of food/feed commodities.
Investigation of ASE contribution to copper bromide amplifier output signal
Authors: Vasnev N.A. , Trigub M.V.
Published: October 2023

The paper is devoted to research the single-pass operating mode of active element on copper bromide vapors and time dependence of ratio «signal/ASE». The results show how the single-pass radiation power depends on time delay between ASE pulse and moment when the input signal enters to active element. Light waveforms (ASE, input signal, output signal) are recorded at each time delay. The minimal time delay was 5.2 ns, power radiation in this case was 3.47 W. The radiation power was reducing as the time delay was increased in increments of about 2 ns. The waveforms prove that the active element output signal contains two components: the first – ASE (amplified spontaneous emission), which is formed as result of the active substance atom excitation and their further spontaneous transitions; the second – single-pass radiation amplified by means of inverse population of the active media. The waveforms allow to estimate the useful signal to noise ratio or other words «signal/ASE». The highest gain is provided with the lowest time delay due to the population inversion is maximum in this case.
Life-history strategies of an invasive tephritid species Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) under different temperature
Authors: Hafsi Abir , Abbes Khaled , Chermiti Brahim
Published: October 2023

Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an emerging species affecting fruit production in Africa and can poses a serious risk to Cucurbitaceae fruit producing industry in Europe as a response to climat change. To understand how temperature impacts specie’s fitness, population dynamics and consequently its invasive potential, we studied for the first time survival and development time of immature stages, and longevity and fecundity of D. frontalis adults in laboratory at four constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Results showed that temperature has significant effect on the survival, development, reproduction and longevity of the pumpkin fruit fly. The highest survival rates of egg, larvae, pupae, female and male adults were observed at 20°C. The developmental time of immature stages and from egg to adult significantly decreased with increasing temperature from 15 to 30°C. Female produces significantly the highest number of eggs at 20°C, but no oviposition was observed at 15°C. Pupae are able to survive at 15°C with highest development time, suggesting that this tephritid species can overwinter as pupae in the field. The thermal requirement can explain the seasonality of D. frontalis observed in North Africa and a temperature range of 20 ± 1°C appears to be most suitable for the population growth as well as the rearing of this insect in the laboratory. Practical implications for pest management were discussed.
Analyzing information management and security measures for company computer networks
Authors: Zhang Cixu
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of modern Internet technology, network information, with its unique advantages of immediacy, interactivity, massive volume and multimedia, is widely used in enterprise operation systems as well as in social life, and the ensuing information security risks are highlighted. Based on this, this study mainly constructs an enterprise computer network information management and security policy protection model based on the improved SAE-K means++ algorithm, improves the convergence process of LSTM to enhance its global optimization-seeking capability, subsequently optimizes the model hyperparameters using the improved SAE-K means++ algorithm, and builds an enterprise computer network security posture prediction model The model was subsequently optimized using the improved SAE-K means++ algorithm, and an enterprise computer network security posture prediction model was built. This means that the system not only meets the national requirements for internal network information security protection capabilities, but also meets the market demand for IDC security.
Unveiling an unexpected superoxide- mediated photooxidation mechanism of squalene monohydroperoxides to squalene hydroperoxy cyclic peroxides through ESR and LC-MS/MS analyses
Authors: Khalifa Saoussane , Enomoto Masaru , Nakagawa Kiyotaka
Published: October 2023

Lipid cyclic peroxides are a rarely reported and documented class of compounds in the human organism. Recently, we reported the formation of squalene (SQ) hydroperoxy cyclic peroxides derived from SQ monohydroperoxide isomers (SQ-OOHs) for the first time. Notably, we successfully detected and quantified cis-2-OOH-3-(1,2-dioxane)-SQ in the human skin. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism governing the formation of these compounds remained elusive. Therefore, in the current study, we set to determine the reaction’s mechanism. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of the precise conditions involved in the onset and propagation of this conversion was carried out by oxidizing total SQ-OOHs under different conditions, including singlet oxygen (1O2), thermal, and photoinduced oxidations monitored by quantifying the generated 2-OOH-3-(1,2-dioxane)-SQ using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Radical intermediates were thoroughly investigated using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) with the aid of spin traps and radical references. Moreover, calculations of SQ-OOHs’ electrostatic charges were performed on Spartan 18 software. We found that the reaction is ideally induced and favored under photooxidation in the presence of 3O2 in hexane, and that superoxide radical (O2•−) is the first key intermediate in this mechanism, whereas peroxyl radicals were the major species observed throughout the oxidation. Chemical calculations provided an explanation for the targeting of tertiary SQ-OOHs by this reaction and gave further evidence on the proposed heterolytic cleavage initiating the reaction. The novel oxidation mechanism suggested herein offers new insights into understanding lipid secondary oxidation and is a promising finding for further studying lipid cyclic peroxides in general.
A chattering-free discrete sliding mode filter
Authors: Zhao Zuoping , Deng Hongzhou
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a novel sliding mode filter, which improves Emaru et al.’s filter. Compared to previous filters, the proposed filter has a faster response speed without sacrificing filtering performance, and the output signals do not experience chattering. Specifically, the proposed filter introduces feedforward compensation as an acceleration factor, enabling the system state to accelerate convergence without affecting the noise attenuation ability. Secondly, the discrete-time algorithm of the proposed filter is achieved through the implicit Euler discretization method, and an equivalent substitution of a sign function and a saturation function, and its output signals do not generate system chattering, which is a challenge faced by sliding mode technology in discrete-time implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed filter was determined through numerical simulation.
Bardoxolone methyl inhibits the infection of rabies virus via Nrf2 pathway activation in vitro
Authors: Chi Yinglin , Xie Yuan , Liu Shu Qing , Zhu Wu Yang
Published: October 2023

Background
Rabies is a widespread, fatal, infectious disease. Several antivirals against rabies virus (RABV) infection have been reported, but no approved, RABV-specific antiviral drugs that inhibit RABV infection in the clinic after symptom onset are available. Therefore, more effective drugs to reduce rabies fatalities are urgently needed. Bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), an FDA-approved compound that has long been known as an antioxidant inflammatory modulator and one of the most potent nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) activators, protects myelin, axons, and CNS neurons by Nrf2 activation. Therefore, we investigated the potency of its anti-RABV activity in vitro.
Methods
The mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a) and three RABV strains of different virulence were used; the cytotoxicity and anti-RABV activity of CDDO-Me in N2a cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay. Pathway activation in N2a cells infected with the RABV strains SC16, CVS-11 or CTN upon CDDO-Me treatment was evaluated by western blotting (WB) and DFA assay.
Results
CDDO-Me significantly inhibited infection of the three RABV strains of differing virulence (SC16, CVS-11 and CTN) in N2a cells. We also examined whether CDDO-Me activates the Nrf2-associated pathway upon infection with RABV strains of differing virulence. Nrf2, phosphorylated sequestosome (SQSTM1), SQSTM1, hemoglobin oxygenase (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) expression in N2a cells increased to varying degrees with CDDO-Me treatment, accompanied by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) dissociation, upon infection with SC16, CVS-11 or CTN. The activation of SQSTM1 phosphorylation was significantly associated with the degradation of Keap-1 in CDDO-Me-treated N2a cells upon RABV infection. Furthermore, N2a cells pretreated with the Nrf2-specific inhibitor ATRA showed a significant decrease in HO-1 and NQO1 expression and a decrease in the anti-RABV efficacy of CDDO-Me. These inhibitory effects were observed upon infection with three RABV strains of differing virulence.
Conclusion
CDDO-Me inhibited RABV infection via Nrf2 activation, promoting a cytoprotective defense response in N2a cells. Our study provides a therapeutic strategy for RABV inhibition and neuroprotection during viral infection.
Influence of Deficit Irrigation Regimes on the Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Forage Maize Hybrids
Authors: esmaily Mansour , Dadashi Mohamad Reza , Feyzbakhsh Mohamad Taghi , Kabousi Kami , Sheikh Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

This experiment aimed to assess the impact of deficit irrigation on both the quantitative and qualitative yield of forage maize hybrids. The study was structured as a split-plot design, utilizing a randomized complete block design with three replications, where took place at the Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan in the years 2021 and 2022. Deficit irrigation was implemented at four different levels as the main plots, which comprised 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the water requirement. These main plots were further subdivided into subplots, consisting of four hybrid varieties, namely SC703, SC704, ZP548, and BK50. The results showed that the highest total biomass (47939 kg ha− 1) was obtained under 100% water requirement (control) and SC704 hybrid. The reduction in total biomass for the treatments at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the water requirement, when compared to the control treatment, amounted to 7%, 47.4%, and 79.1%, respectively. Deficit irrigation significantly affected qualitative traits except for NDF at the level of 1% and increased all quality traits. Accordingly, the highest percentage of CP, NDF, and ADF was obtained by hybrid SC703 with 50% water requirement (by 9.20%), hybrid BK50 under 25% water requirement (by 30.73%), and BK50 with 75% water requirement (by 44.03%). The highest water use efficiency was observed in 75% of the water requirement (7.79 kg m− 3). Considering the significant reduction in water consumption (1795 m3 ha− 1) achieved with this treatment, it is advisable to recommend irrigation at 75% of the water requirement alongside the cultivation of the SC703 hybrid for forage production in the northern region of Iran.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Pathogenic Leptospira in Subtropical Coastal Watersheds
Authors: Bridgemohan Ronell S. H. , Deitch Matthew J. , Harmon Emily , Whiles Matt R. , Wilson P. Christopher , Bean Eban , Bridgemohan Puran , Bisesi Joseph H. , Nicholas Jodel , Redhead Aaden , Bachoon Dave S
Published: October 2023

The World Health Organization classifies leptospirosis as a significant public health concern, predominantly affecting impoverished and unsanitary regions. Using the Pensacola Bay System as a case study, this study examines the underappreciated susceptibility of developed subtropical coastal ecosystems such as the Pensacola Bay System to zoonotic pathogens such as Leptospira. We analyzed 132 water samples collected over 12 months from 44 distinct locations with high levels of E. coli (> 410 MPN/100 mL). Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations were assessed using IDEXX Colilert-18 and Enterolert-18, and an analysis of water physiochemical characteristics and rainfall intensity was conducted. The LipL32 gene was used as a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicator to identify the distribution of Leptospira interrogens. The results revealed 12 instances of L. interogenes presence at sites with high FIB over various land cover and aquatic ecosystem types. Independent of specific rainfall events, a seasonal relationship between precipitation and elevated rates of fecal bacteria and leptospirosis was found. These findings highlight qPCR's utility in identifying pathogens in aquatic environments and the widespread conditions where it can be found in natural and developed areas.
Reverse Game: From Nash equilibrium to network structure, number, and probability of occurrence
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Sadeghi Mehdi
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we propose a reverse game approach to network-modeled games in order to determine the network structure between players that can achieve a desired Nash equilibrium. We consider three network games: the majority game, the minority game, and the best-shot public goods game. For any hypothetical Nash equilibrium, we determine the conditions and constraints of the network structure that can create the desired Nash equilibrium in each game. The first step in the mechanism design is to identify the network between players that can reach the desired Nash equilibrium. This is important because there exist structures between players that will not generate the considered Nash equilibrium under any circumstances. Acceptable networks are not unique and their numbers grow exponentially based on the number of players and the combination of strategies. We provide mathematical relations to obtain the exact number of networks that can create the considered Nash equilibrium in the best-shot public goods game. Moreover, in the majority and minority games, the relations presented under special conditions specify the number of networks. We also investigate the distribution of acceptable networks as microsystems associated with the existing Nash equilibrium and the probability of their occurrence. The results of our simulations show that the distribution of acceptable networks according to the density is normal, and the probability of their occurrence is increasing. In other words, dense networks are more likely to lead to the desired Nash equilibrium.
Deriving Two Sets of Bounds of Moran’s Index by Conditional Extremum Method
Authors: Chen Yanguang
Published: October 2023

Moran’s index is a basic measure of spatial autocorrelation, which has been applied to varied fields of both natural and social sciences. A good measure should have clear boundary values or critical value. However, for Moran’s index, both boundary values and critical value are controversial. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to derive the boundary values of Moran’s index. The key lies in finding conditional extremum based on quadratic form of defining Moran’s index. As a result, two parallel sets of boundary values are derived naturally for Moran’s index. One is determined by the eigenvalues of spatial weight matrix (-nλmin≤ Moran’s I ≤-nλmax), and the other is determined by the extreme values of quadratic form of spatial autocorrelation coefficient (-1≤ Moran’s I ≤1). The intersection of the two sets of boundary values gives four possible numerical ranges of Moran’s index. A conclusion can be reached that the bounds of Moran’s index is determined by both size vector and spatial weight matrix. The eigenvalues of spatial weight matrix represent the maximum extension length of the eigenvector axes of geographical elements at different directions. This work solves one of the fundamental problems of spatial autocorrelation analysis.
The redundancy as a possible measure of electron correlation
Authors: Flores-Gallegos Nelson , Gómez-Damián Ofelia
Published: October 2023

In this work, we applied a concept of information theory that has virtually not been applied to the field of theoretical chemistry, which is redundancy.
Redundancy, is a concept that is related to repetition, for example, in the transmission of information, the redundancy consists of repeating certain
parts of a message in order to avoid the corruption of information. In this work, we applied the concept of redundancy to a large set of molecules
and to a simple chemical reaction, our results suggest that redundancy can be used as a measure of the electron correlation phenomenon.
Description of Hyperostotic Bones Pattern in Hairtail Trichiurus lepturus
Authors: Tuna Fernando AP , Calixto Flávia AA , Mesquita Eliana FM
Published: October 2023

Several studies have documented the occurrence of hyperostosis, a bone condition that results in bone thickening, in specimens of Trichiurus lepturus, an important commercial species. A total of 102 Hairtail fish samples from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were obtained from artisanal fishers and divided into four size classes. Biometric measurements and radiographic images were taken for all exemplars. Hyperostosis was observed in 69.69% of the individuals, with the first detection of the condition in an exemplar measuring from 385 mm in total length. The affected skeletal regions included the Cleithrum, Supraoccipital, Frontal, Dorsal Pterygiophores, and Hemal Spines. An increase in the occurrence frequency of hyperostosis was noticed in correlation with size, suggesting a connection with the aging process and an ontogenetic pattern for the species. Histological analysis indicated a high remodeling process in affected structures. Additionally, we highlight the species' daily vertical migration, associated with temperature variation, as a potential contributor to the onset of this osteological condition in marine teleosts.
Exosomal C5orf46 gene: Pan-cancer Analysis of its Implication in Cancer Prognosis Risk Indication and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling
Authors: Ma Wenxia , Wang Xuzhi , Yang Huijun , Yang Zhiqing , Shen Ningning , Du Juan , Liu Siying , Miao Lei , Gao Lifang , Wang Chen
Published: October 2023

Background
Exosomes have been important particles that mediate cellular communication, and more importantly, they have been gradually known to participate in multiple critical processes of cancer development including angiogenesis, immune invasion, cancer metastasis, and drug resistance. However, as an exosomal gene, the functions of C5orf46 in cancers are still lack of understanding. In the study, the gene’s role in the formation and development of different tumor processes would be investigated comprehensively for potential further clinical application.
Methods
The study started with the genetic characteristics and physicochemical properties analysis of C5orf46 gene, and then the gene expression as well as alteration patterns in broad spectrum human cancers were analyzed. Further, the potential post transcription modulations of the gene was investigated, followed by survival analysis including both overall survival and recurrence free survival in pan-cancer. Moreover, the correlation between C5orf46 gene and multiple critical cancer parameters including angiogenesis, cancer stemness, DNA repair, and immune infiltration were in succession explored.
Results
Firstly, basic physicochemical properties of C5orf46 were preliminary computed including its aminoacid composition, estimated molecular weight and protein half life. Then, based on the gene expression as well as survival analysis result, we noticed that C5orf46 was aberrant up-regulated in various types of human cancers which was partly due to decreased DNA methylation level in cancers, and of clinical significance, the changed expression of the gene correlated directly with worse patients survival. Moreover, C5orf46 gene was indicated to be associated with multiple critical cancer traits including microenvironment angiogenesis, immune infiltration, extra cellular matrix (ECM) degradation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further, C5orf46 gene was indicated to correlate with the sensitivity of several chemotherapy related drugs.
Conclusions
Based on TCGA pan-cancer data and series of analysis, we discovered that exosome containing C5orf46 potentially works as an oncogene, which was highly expressed in multiple cancers and correlated with worse patients survival. Besides, C5orf46 gene was associated with multiple cancers clinical traits. Although more detailed experiments and clinical trials are needed to validate the gene function in each independent type of cancer, the study shall reveal valuable strategies concerning the role of C5orf46 in pan-cancer and its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
Theoretical insights into the structure, stability, thermochemistry, and bonding in hydrated N2O clusters
Authors: Manogaran Punithavathi , Ambigapathy Suvitha , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Ramamoorthy Muthumareeswaran Muthu , Sathiyamoorthy Venkataramanan Natarajan
Published: October 2023

We have investigated the structure, stability, thermochemistry, and bonding in microhydrated N2O clusters (N2O‧Wn (n = 1–12)). To do this we used various theoretical methods and techniques including density functional theory (DFT), quantitative molecular electrostatic potential surface (MESP), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and noncovalent interaction analysis (NCI). A detailed density functional search shows that N2O lies on the top of the water molecules and water molecules tend to form a cage structure. The existence of water in cage geometry and segregation of N2O unveils the presence of weak bonding between N2O and water cluster. The computed adsorption energy (ΔEabs), association energy (AE), and incremental association energy (ΔEIA) were all negative which means the complexes are stabilized. In small size clusters the most stable isomer dominates the relative population at all temperatures. In cluster with 6 and more water all the isomers contribute at the high atmospheric temperature. The formation of all the hydrated N2O complexes is enthalpically favored over the range of atmospheric altitudes. In general, the free energy change and enthalpy change decrease with the increase in altitude. The enthalpy change for the clusters unveils a distinct inflection at the tropopause. MESP analysis shows a higher Vs,max value on the hydrogen atom of a water molecule at the terminal end which helps for the addition of water molecules. QTAIM and NCI analyses reveal that N2O-water complexes are predominately stabilized by weak noncovalent interactions like N‧‧‧OW, O‧‧‧Ow, and O‧‧‧Hw. Overall, this work helps in understanding the structure, and stability of hydrated N2O molecules at different altitudes of the atmosphere.
Extracorporeal pacing stimulation enhancing diaphragmatic function of patients after single-pole video assisted lobectomy: A single-blinded RCT
Authors: Ou Jian-ying , Li Jia-hao , Wang Xiao-jin , Zhang Zhi-ying , Cao Qing-dong , Luo Xiao-qin , Wang Kang-ling
Published: October 2023

Background
The extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacemaker(EDP),known for its ability to prevent diaphragmatic muscle function decline in chronic and critically ill patients.However,it remains uncertain whether EDP can effectively enhance pulmonary function in patients after surgery.
Objective
This study aims to determine whether EDP can quickly recover the diaphragm function of lung cancer patients after surgery to improve pulmonary function.
Methods
This study was designed as a single-blinded randomized controlled trial(RCT).Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups.The EDP group received additional EDP stimulation.The primary outcome measures were included diaphragm thickening fraction(DTF),diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration (DTei),diaphragm excursion(DE),measured on the admission day(T0),the first day after surgery(T1), the day when the thoracic drainage tube was removed(T2).The secondary outcome measures included postoperative complications,chest tube indwelling hours,and visual analog scale(VAS) assessment measured at T1 and T2.
Results
78 patients were enrolled,with 39 in the EDP group and 39 in the control group.Both groups demonstrated a significant postoperative decrease in DE and DTei(T1 < T0,EDP group P = 0.000;control group P = 0.000).Following the EDP treatment intervention,the EDP group showed a notable increase in DE and DTei(T2 > T1,P = 0.000;P = 0.000),and the control group also exhibited significant changes in DE and DTei(T2 > T1,P = 0.000;P = 0.005).However,at the T2 time point,there was a statistically significant difference in DE between the EDP group and the control group(P = 0.049).Notably,the EDP group's DTei at the T2 time point recovered to the level of the T0 time point,with no significant difference between the two time points(P = 0.096).Differences in the control group Dtei at the T2 time point compared to the T0 time point(P = 0.000),postoperative complications and chest tube indwelling hours showed no significant differences between the two groups.Statistical significance was found at T2,with the EDP group having a lower VAS value(1.00 ± 0.513 vs1.31 ± 0.521,P = 0.028).
Conclusion
EDP can significantly improve early diaphragm excursion and reduce pain perception in patients after SPVATS.It is beneficial for accelerating postoperative rehabilitation in lung cancer patients.EDP holds promise for clinical application and merits further clinical promotion.
Trial registration:
The study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial (ChiCTR2300072733).