bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SUB TEMA PENGARUH PERUBAHAN CUACA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE THE LEARNING CELL DI KELAS III A SDN BULU LOR SEMARANG
Authors: Hastuti Puji
Published: December 2021

Proses pembelajaran tematik di kelas III A Bulu Lor Kecamatan Semarang Utara selama ini yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, mendikte dan tanya jawab sehingga menjadikan siswa hanya menerima materi secara pasif, dan gurulah yang lebih aktif, di lihat dari ketuntasan klasikal selama menggunakan metode konvensional hanya berkisar 48 % dari 34 siswa. Untuk mengatasi itu salah satu metode pembelajaran yang tepat diterapkan untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran aktif adalah metode the learning cell (sel belajar). Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab permasalahan: 1) Bagaimanakah penerapan metode the learning cell pada pembelajaran tematik sub tema pengaruh perubahan cuaca terhadap kehidupan manusia di kelas III A SDN Bulu Lor Kecamatan Semarang Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020?. 2) Adakah peningkatan hasil belajar pada pembelajaran tematik sub tema pengaruh perubahan cuaca terhadap kehidupan manusia di kelas III A SDN Bulu Lor Kecamatan Semarang Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 setelah menerapkan metode the learning cell?. Permasalahan tersebut di bahas melalui penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan melalui 2 siklus dengan setiap siklus tahapannya adalah perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Penerapan metode the learning cell pada pembelajaran tematik sub tema pengaruh perubahan cuaca terhadap kehidupan manusia di kelas III A SDN Bulu Lor Kecamatan Semarang Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 menjadikan siswa aktif dalam melakukan proses belajar dengan saling melengkapi jawaban dari yang semula hanya mendengarkan dan menjawab pertanyaan dari guru, metode the learning cell siswa telah menjadi subyek pembelajaran sedangkan guru hanya bertugas sebagi motivator yang memberikan semangat dan bimbingan kepada siswa agar tercapai hasil belajar yang maksimal 2) Ada peningkatan hasil belajar pada pembelajaran tematik sub tema pengaruh perubahan cuaca terhadap kehidupan manusia di kelas III A SDN Bulu Lor Kecamatan Semarang Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 setelah menerapkan metode the learning cell, hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar per siklus dimana pada pra siklus siswa yang tuntas ada 13 siswa atau 46.43%siklus I ada 19 siswa atau 67.9%, dan pada siklus II sudah mencapai ada 25 siswa atau 89.3%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hasil tersebut sesuai dengan indikator yang ditentukan dengan KKM 70  mendapatkan hasil sebanyak 80%. Begitu juga dengan keaktifan belajarnya yaitu mengalami kenaikan pada siklus I ada 16 siswa atau 57.1%, dan pada siklus II sudah mencapai ada 26 siswa atau 92.9%. Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan indikator yaitu kategori aktif sekali dan aktif sebanyak 80%.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN GURU DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DENGAN MENGEFEKTIFKAN SUPERVISI TEKNIK KUNJUNGAN KELAS DI SDN TEMBALANG SEMARANG
Authors: Astuti Endang Rahayu
Published: December 2021

Guru dituntut untuk mampu memanfaatkan berbagai aplikasi pembelajaran daring dengan tetap menekankan pada terciptanya pembelajaran yang komunikatif dan mampu mengaktifkan daya pikir siswa, namun tidak semua guru termasuk guru di SDN Tembalang Kota Semarang yang mampu memanfaatkan berbagai aplikasi tersebut untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengajarnya, guru masih menggunakan pola pembelajaran tatap muka atau hanya mampu memberikan tugas belajar tanpa memperlihatkan keterampilan mengajarnya, sehingga siswa terbebani dengan pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Dari 16 guru yang ada di SDN Tembalang Kota Semarang hanya 8 orang guru atau 50% yang terampil mengajar di masa pandemi dengan berbagai aplikasi yang digunakan. Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab permasalahan apakah supervisi dengan teknik kunjungan kelas dapat meningkatkan keterampilan guru mengajar di masa pandemi covid 19 di SDN Tembalang Kota Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021?. Permasalahan tersebut di bahas melalui penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan melalui 2 siklus dengan setiap siklus tahapannya adalah perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  terjadi peningkatan keterampilan guru mengajar di masa pandemi covid 19 melalui supervisi dengan teknik kunjungan kelas di SDN Tembalang Kota Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021, hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hasil profesionalias guru dalam pengelolaan administrasi kelas per siklus dimana pada siklus I ada 11 guru atau 69% dan pada siklus II ada 15 guru atau 94%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hasil tersebut sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Peningkatan tersebut pelaksanaan teknik kunjungan kelas menjadi salah satu cara yang efektif bagi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam mengajar
geometry of Venice
Authors: Calzavara Luigi , Brizzi Maurizio
Published: December 2021

Having observed that ancient Venice belfries are located in such a way that they generate many Pythagorean triangles, having a great number of vertices in common, it has been decided to test the null hypothesis of random location by statistical and probabilistic methods. A simple index, called Pythagorean Ratio, is proposed, for checking which triangles are to be considered as Pythagorean. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed, generating samples of "random belfries" in the historical kernel of Venice; a Poisson model seems to fit very well the number X of Pythagorean triangles. Combining this number with the number of connections, the null hypothesis is rejected. Adding a further belfry (S.Simeon Grande) to the original group of belfries, the significance becomes even higher.
Oral form discrimination and tongue-thrust swallowing
Authors: Fish Leward
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The role of the musculature in the growth and development of the face and dental structures has received the attention of the dental profession for many years. One type of muscle deviation (which has been assigned a role in the production of malocclusion) is the so-called “tongue-thrust swallow.” The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the possibility that tongue-thrust swallowing might be the result of defects in oral sensory perception.
Crohn's disease and peptic ulcer disease: A personal comparative analysis
Authors:   Infectious Diseases Incorporated, Bellevue, NE, USA,   University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
Published: December 2021

Until the Hruska Postulate and its intellectual fulfillment [1-7], Crohn's disease was a disease entity without either cure or validation. The explanation put forward for its pathogenesis is that the body's immune system selectively turned against something within the gastrointestinal tract. That disruption of the immune system's pro-inflammatory Th1 response could produce evidence of mucosal healing and temporary abatement of disease was aggressively pushed as documentation of the concepts validity. Crohn's disease became the linchpin for 193 journals, 86 conferences and 15,631 articles about or related to autoimmunity. When sought for antibodies to a specific target organ could be demonstrated in a number of diseases. In congenital rubella, the presence of anti-islet cell antibodies introduced the hypothesis that autoimmunity was responsible for the higher incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance tests observed [9]. An equally plausible explanation was that the documented viral replication within islet cells of the pancreas sufficiently altered cellular structure so as to create cross-reacting antibodies. Most claims of autoimmunity have been based upon the demonstration of an antibody that cross-reacts with a cell or subunit within the target organ.
Spectrum of liver diseases occurring solely in pregnancies carrying male fetuses: A case series
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, MountLebanon, Lebanon., koulaymi Eva , khairallah Mayssaloun ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, MountLebanon, Lebanon., Haroun Zeinab ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AL Zahraa Hospital University Medical Center, Lebanon., Hassan Jihad Al ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AL Zahraa Hospital University Medical Center, Lebanon.
Published: December 2021

Liver disease affects nearly 3% of pregnancies. It is a challenging topic for obstetricians as it can be fatal for both, the mother and the fetus. They carry a high mortality rate reaching 25%. Sex-specific effect on the expression of pregnancy-related liver diseases is largely unknown. We present several cases of familial pregnancy-related liver diseases that were expressed solely when the mothers had male fetuses, ending with deleterious outcomes. Liver disease was not expressed when they had female fetuses. These cases provide a novel insight into the diversity of pregnancy-related liver disease complications expression among sex.
Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal., Hamal Rabin , Pathak Rahul ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal., Bhandari Brindeswari Kafle ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal., Gnawali Anurag Jha; Arun ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal., Koirala Dinesh ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal., Bhusal Mohan ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal., Sharma Sashi ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Published: December 2021

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].
Avoidance of gluten in children with non-celiac gluten sensitivity is debatable
Authors:   Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), Medical Advisor Service, Work and Benefits Kristiania, Oslo NO-0653, Norway., Devulapalli Chandra Sekhar
Published: December 2021

It seems that a significant proportion of people adopt a Gluten-Free Diet (GFD) without a medical need. These individuals have either experienced health benefits or they believe that that gluten intake has had a negative effect on them [1]. By all accounts the large proportion of patients are self-diagnosed and start a gluten-free diet without adequate grounds [1]. In addition, some parents use GFD for their children, as they believe that consuming gluten is detrimental to their health [1]. This is reflected by significant increases in the consumption of gluten-free foods in the United States over the last three decades, disproportionate to the prevalence of gluten-related disorders [2]. Evidence is mounting that medicine is harming healthy people through ever earlier detection and ever wider definition of disease [3]. Widening disease definitions mean people at ever lower risks receive permanent medical labels and lifelong treatments that will fail to benefit many of them [4].
YENİDOĞAN ve ÇOCUK BİREYLERDE KARDİYOPULMONER REHABİLİTASYON GEREKTİREN HASTALIKLAR
Authors: ATALAY Tuğçe , DURMUŞ Betül Beyza , YURDALAN Ufuk
Published: December 2021

Kardiyopulmoner Rehabilitasyon gerektiren pediatrik hastalıklar, hastaların hem fiziksel sağlıklarını hem de uyum sonuçlarını etkilemektedir.

Yaşamın erken dönemlerinde ameliyat gerektiren doğuştan kardiyak ve pulmoner sorunları olan çocuklar, gelişimsel gecikmeler ve bilişsel bozukluklar riski altındadır. Yaşamın daha ileri dönemlerinde olan çocuklar da aynı şekilde konjenital kalp hastalığı, kardiyomiyopatiler, kalp transplantasyonu, astım, kistik fibrozis gibi kardiyak ve pulmoner sorunlar yaşayabilmektedir. Bu hastalıkların sonucunda hastaların fonksiyonel kapasiteleri azalmaktadır ve sekonder problemlerin meydana gelme ihtimali olmaktadır. Azalan fonksiyonel kapasitenin iyileştirilmesi ve oluşabilecek sekonder problemlerin etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi isteği bu çocuklarda kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyon gerekliliğini doğurmaktadır.

Pediatrik kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyon uygulamadan önce fizyoterapistin kardiyak ve pulmoner hastalıkların tanımlamalarını, patofizyolojilerini, fonksiyonel kapasitenin düşük olmasının nedenlerini, görülebilecek semptomları iyi bilmesi gerekmektedir.
ROTATOR MANŞET LEZYONU OLAN HASTALARDA ZİHİNSEL SAĞLIK YÜKÜNÜN AĞRI, KİNEZYOFOBİ, UYKU VE YAŞAM KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YAVUZDEMİR Muhammet Ali , BAHADIR AGCE Zeynep , TORPİL Berkan
Published: December 2021

Giriş: Omuzda en sık karşılaşılan patolojilerden biri rotator manşet lezyonlarıdır. Rotator manşet yaralanması olan hastalarda depresyon ve anksiyete, rotator manşet semptomları, uyku ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, rotator manşet lezyonu olan hastalarda zihinsel sağlık yükünün ağrı, kinezyofobi, uyku ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya, çalışma grubu (n=32) ve kontrol grubu (n=38) olmak üzere 25-65 yaş arası toplam 70 hasta dahil edildi. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ) uygulanan hastalardan; HADÖ-Depresyon skoru ≥8 ve HADÖ-Anksiyete skoru ≥11 olanlar sırasıyla depresyon veya anksiyete riski altında ve zihisel yükü fazla olarak kabul edildi. Zihinsel sağlık yükü fazla olan kişiler çalışma grubu olarak tanımlandı. Ağrı şiddeti Görsel Analog Skala (GAS), kinezyofobi Tampa Kinezofobi Ölçeği (TKÖ) ile, uyku kalitesi Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi (PUKİ) ile ve yaşam kalitesi SF-36 ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda ağrı açısından fark yoktu (p>0,05). TKÖ ve PUKİ puanları, çalışma grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p
Association between nutritional status of pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy and clinical response to the ketogenic diet
Authors: Faccioli Andrea Matheus , Damasceno Nágila Raquel Teixeira
Published: December 2021

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, prescribed for pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. Although effective, the response to KD depends on factors that must be identified. Objectives: to evaluate the impact of nutritional status of pediatric patients on the KD clinical response. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study based on the follow-up of patients with refractory epilepsy (ICr-FMUSP) in treatment with KD after 3 (T1) and 6 months (T2). At baseline, patients were split into Eutrophic group (EG; BMI ≤25 kg/m2) and Non-Eutrophic group (NEG; BMI>25 kg/m2). The clinical efficacy of KD was assessed by the percentage of epileptic seizures reduction and classification in responders (reduction ≥ 50%) versus non-responders. Results: KD resulted in seizures reduction at T1 (-66.7%) and T2 (- 74.2%). Both groups showed reduction at T1 (GE = -70%; NEG = -67%; p = 0.704) and T2 (GE = -83%; NEG = -55%; p = 0.094). At T2, EG presented 79.2% of responders and NEG 56.2% (p = 0.166). Eight patients (30.8%) of GE achieved 100% seizure reduction at T1 and maintained it, while six patients (28.6%) of GNE who achieved 100% seizure reduction at T1 and only 3 (18.8%) kept it at T2. Conclusions: KD promotes seizure reduction. As for clinical efficacy, EG presented a 29% higher percentage of responders than NEG. All GE patients who had total seizure control at T1 maintained it at the end of the study. There is need of further studies with larger samples.
Cognitive Symptoms in PostCovid-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodarte Gabriela Pereira , Resende Álvaro Maciel Campos , Mota Gabriel Paz Souza , Florindo Larissa Julie , Almeida Ana Laura Maciel
Published: December 2021

Background: Although the main reported manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory syndrome, several organs can be affected, including the central nervous system (CNS), which might cause cognitive changes. Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between COVID-19 and cognitive symptoms in infected patients with Sars-CoV-2. Methods: A search was performed using PubMed, Embase, BVS and Web of Science databases with the descriptors: “Cognitive symptoms”, “Brain fog”, “Covid-19” and “Sars-CoV-2”. The inclusion criteria were: articles in English and peer-reviewed; the exclusion criteria were: those who did not address cognitive symptoms after COVID- 19 and systematic reviews. Six articles were included. Results: Decline in memory and executive functions were the main reported cognitive symptoms. Greater susceptibility of the prefrontal cortex may explain neuropsychiatric morbidities, hence the increased risk of cognitive symptoms after acute infection. Sars-CoV-2 can trigger a high immune response that leads to the production of autoantibodies that can act against nervous tissue. Cortical hypometabolism, without direct cortical involvement and death of neurons, has been reported, which can be associated with damage to the white matter. Therefore, the deterioration could be reversible. Inflammation of endothelial cells and deposition of megakaryocytes can cause microvasculopathy and deposition of microcoagulants in capillary cortices. Cognitive deficits linked to the length of hospital stay have also been reported, especially in patients admitted to the ICU. Conclusions: There was a relationship between infection by Sars-CoV-2 and cognitive changes, mainly executive functions and working memory. Mechanisms might be related to inflammatory processes, immune response and length of stay in the ICU.
Sociodemographic Analysis of Neural Tuberculosis in Brazil from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Lima Raissa Barreto , Carvalho Thaís Machado Belitardo de , Souza Matheus Campos Ribeiro de , Oliveira Lara Teixeira de , Rios Ana Carolina Pachêco de Menezes , Fonseca Rafaela Sandes , Lordêllo Louise Seixas , Azevêdo Beatriz Gusmão , Oliveira Isadora Abreu , Loulla Lanna Victória , Sousa Giovanna Carvalho , Barreto Gustavo Bomfim , Boas Gustavo Sampaio Vilas-
Published: December 2021

Background: Neural tuberculosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bearing in mind that neural tuberculosis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and results in significant morbidity and mortality rates, it is important to analyze its sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of neural tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study, carried out using data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) of confirmed cases and hospitalizations for neural tuberculosis. Methods: Variables used: region, sex, age group, color/race and year of service. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2020, the number of notified cases of meningoencephalic tuberculosis was 7.451, with mean cases per year of 677.36. The Southeast region was the most affected with 43.8% of the total cases, followed by the South and Northeast regions, with 24.1% and 20.1%, respectively. There was a wide predominance in individuals aged 30-39 years (42.8%) and in the age group 40-59 years (35.9%). The male sex was the most affected with 63.3% of the total. Conclusions: The study shows a predominance of cases in the South and Southeast regions, with a significant prevalence of males and age groups of 20- 59. This could be an alert for new prevention and health promotion strategies for the most affected groups.
Family with atypical Parkinsonism due to CHCHD10 gene mutation
Authors: Souto Emília Correia , Marin Carolina Maria , Costa Gustavo Carvalho , Farias Igor Braga , Badia Bruno de Mattos Lombardi , Pinto Icaro França Navarro , Machado Roberta Ismael Lacerda , Souza Paulo Victor Sgobbi de , Pinto Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease - PD is the second most common agerelated neurodegenerative disorder. Characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms that relate to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain black substance. Although most cases of PD are sporadic, 5–10% of patients have monogenetic mutations with a description of more than 20 genes for the familial form. Mitochondrial mutation in CHCHD10 has also been reported to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Objectives: Description of a rare recently described genetic cause of autosomal dominant parkinsonism. Methodology: Describe the case of a Brazilian woman with atypical parkinsonism due to CHCHD10 pathogenic variant that was followed up in our service. Result: Female, 64 years old. “. He started episodes of imbalance about 5 years ago, with falls, in addition to limb stiffness, worse on the left. 4 years ago, he started myalgia to great efforts with low subsequent tolerance to light effort. 1 year ago with urinary incontinence and choking past of poor performance in physical activities without pre-motor symptoms FAMILY: mother with clinical picture of possible dementia syndrome at age 60, history in the maternal family of myalgia, intolerance to physical exercise and hearing loss in adulthood. EXOMA: presence of variant c.146C > T (p.Ala49Val) in simple heterozygosity without CHCHD10 gene. MRI with thigh muscle hypotrophy in anterior and posterior thigh compartments; slight muscle edema in the legs. Conclusion: Pathogenic variants in the CHCHD10 gene should be considered in cases of atypical parkinsonism, especially in cases of positive familial history of mitochondrial myopathy or dementia.
Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis secondary to alcoholism: A case report.
Authors: Colaço Carolina Ferreira , Franzoi André Eduardo de Almeida , Maieski Amanda , Conte Talita Aparecida , Zubko Luís Eduardo de Macedo , Mader Henrique Bittencourt , Olbrich Isadora Zambotto , Pazello João Arthur , Turt kamily Sara , Disserol Caio
Published: December 2021

Context: Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is rare, acute, severe and non-inflammatory. It is caused by the demyelination of neurons with the preservation of axons. It is called central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) when it affects the central pontine region and extra-pontine myelinolysis (EPM) when it affects other areas. Few cases of ODS due to non-electrolytic causes are reported. Case report: 54-year-old man with a history of heavy drinking. After about 24 hours of alcohol withdrawal, he developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures, associated with a lower level of consciousness. Protective orotracheal intubation was performed and the use of anti-crisis drugs was initiated. After sedation was switched off and mechanical ventilation was set to minimum parameters, the patient remained comatose and with convergence-retraction nystagmus movements. A skull MRI was performed, which showed lesions compatible with CPM and EPM. There was no variation in the patient’s plasma sodium during hospitalization. Conclusion: this is a patient with no evidence of any significant hydro-electrolyte disturbance and who presented a compatible neurological condition and neuroimaging characteristic of CPM / EPM. There is no specific clinical treatment for this pathology. Furthermore, the patient presents with the finding of convergence-retraction nystagmus, possibly explained by atrophy of the dorsal midbrain region.
Trousseau Syndrome in a patient on Direct Oral Anticoagulant use: A Case Report
Authors: Marques Marina Trombin , Bernardes Leonardo de Sousa , Silva Rafael Zini Moreira da , Maia Matheus Gonçalves , Bechara Edson Junior Gonçalves , Sousa Eduardo dos Santos , Primo Juliana Rodrigues Dias , Gagliardi Vivian Dias Baptista , Gagliardi Rubens José
Published: December 2021

Background: The Three Territory Sign (TTS) is a radiologic marker of ischemic stroke associated with malignant neoplastic diseases (Trousseau Syndrome) and corresponds to a rare stroke etiology. Case Report: Female, 62-year-old patient, with comorbidities of smoking, hypertension and diabetes, presented with a sudden faciobrachial-predominant left hemiparesis settled in the day before the admission. Diagnosed with a metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma seven months before, she underwent a rectosigmoidectomy three months ago and developed deep vein thrombosis, starting anticoagulant therapy with rivaroxaban 20mg daily. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed several lesions with restricted diffusion in multiple vascular territories, bilaterally, corresponding to ischemic stroke. Etiologic investigation did not detect signs of cardioembolism, nor significant vessel stenosis or unstable atherosclerotic plaques. In admission, she had a D-dimer level of 11,43μg (0- 0,5μg/mL). Conclusion: The evidence of TTS is about six times more frequent in stroke related to malignancies compared to cardioembolic etiology. The D-dimer is a marker of malignancies in cryptogenic stroke, elevated in 75% of cases. The most common associated neoplasms are pulmonary (40%) and gastrointestinal (33,3%). In the MRI, the lesions can be isolated or gathered, generally small and peripheral. There is no evidence regarding the ideal preventive therapy. It is necessary to reinforce the importance of investigating malignancies in patients presenting with cryptogenic stroke and TTS, a syndrome that is still poorly recognized.
Indicators of Obesity and Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese and Non-Obese Subjects
Authors: Majeed Sana , Azhar Rabia , Mushtaq Aysha , Jamal Tooba , Ashfaq Sidra
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is endangering an increasing number healthy populations. Obesity is caused by a sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits. Although numerous studies on obesity effects on cardiovascular parameters (CVP) are existing, associations between obese and non-obese people are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the indicators for obesity and compared obese and non-obese association with cardiovascular parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 subjects in the Department of Physiology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi for duration of six months i.e from January 2020 to June 2021. All the subjects were divided into obese group-I and non-obese group-II. Each group consisted of 40 subjects. Individuals with body mass index 18 to 25 Kg/m2 and >26 Kg/m2 were considered as obese and non-obese respectively. Informed consent and ethical approval were taken from each individual and hospital ethical committee respectively. All the subjects (BMI> 26 Kg/m2) with medical issues specifically cardio-respiratory and smokers were excluded. Quetelet’s index and Vernier Caliper was used for physical examination and triceps skinfold girth (TSG). SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 80 subjects, the study and control group had 40 subjects each. The overall mean age was 41.31±2.3 years. The mean value of body mass index in the study and control group was 34.6±5 Kg/m2 and 23.4±1.2 Kg/m2 respectively. Mean weight, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and triceps skin girth (TSG) were found significantly higher in the study group as compared to the control group whereas study group subjects had lower height than the control group (p<0.005). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) were significantly higher in the study group as compared to control group subjects considering 0.0005 level of significance, however, pulse rate (PR) was insignificant in the study group (0.05). Cardiovascular parameters were found significant and positive in the study group only with a 0.05 level of significance on Pearson’s Correlation. Conclusion: Our study found that shorter height with accelerated pulse rate subjects was prone to cardiovascular diseases. Also, short height with a higher pulse rate is obesity's best indicator correlating in obese or study group. Additionally, obesity has a significant association with subject lipid profile which may elevate the potential risk for cardiovascular disease development. Keywords: Obesity; Cardiovascular Parameters, Obesity Indicators
Accuracy of Bisap Score to Predict Severe Acute Pancreatitis Keeping Ranson Score as Gold Standard
Authors: Rehan Khan Muhammad , Mushtaq Khan Tayyaba , Munim Hussain Syed , Mukarram Hussain Syed
Published: December 2021

Objective: To ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of BISAP score to predict severe acute pancreatitis keeping Ranson score as gold standard Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study Place and duration of study: Surgical Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from January 2017 to July 2017. Methodology: 65 patients having history indicative of acute pancreatitis, serum lipase and serum amylase were measured. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute pancreatitis who consented for taking part in the research and achieving the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for study. Patients were evaluated by adequate history and thorough examination. All patients are investigated for Ranson score and BISAP score and divided into mild and severe pancreatitis on the basis of BISAPS and Ranson scoring. Results: In our study, mean+sd age was 44.92+8.92 years. Frequency of severe acute pancreatitis was 32.3%. Diagnostic accuracy of BISAP score to predict severe acute pancreatitis keeping Ranson score as gold standard had 80.9% of sensitivity, 81% of specificity, 68% of PPV and 90% of NPV. Conclusion: BISAP score have an excellent accuracy for prediction of severe acute pancreatitis as Ranson score. BISAP score can be used as tool for recognition of severe acute pancreatitis within 24 hours in simple and precise manner. Keywords: Severe acute pancreatitis, Prediction, BISAP score, Ranson score, Accuracy
The Impact of Strengthening Exercise on Dynamic Balance in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sundaram Shenbaga Subramanian , Subramanian Makesh Babu , Mustafa Gaowgeh Riziq Allah , Maayah Mikhled Falah , Neamatallah Ziyad , Ahmad Altaim Thamer , Alfawazph.D Saad S , M. Afnan Alkhateeb
Published: December 2021

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is characterised clinically by usage-related pain and/or functional limitation. OA that is associated with physical dysfunction and decline in health-related quality of life caused the main disability worldwide and is expected to increase due to aging and obesity rates and further load on the population and health system. The strengthening exercises that normally used is knee flexion and extensions, isometric quadriceps exercise, isometric hamstring exercise, and sit to stand to improve the balance. Objectives: is to find out the impact of Strengthening exercise on Balance in patients with knee Osteoarthritis Study Design: Quasi experimental study Methods: Fifty-six (n=56) of knee OA patients were involved in this study by judgemental sampling design. Researcher will first demonstrate and explain the Y-balance tools testing procedure based on Plisky and colleagues study. Participants are given to practice six trials before the formal testing, stated that SEBT have a significant learning effect and found that the reaching distances reached the longest distance after six trials and then will be constant. Results: Independent t-test shows significant difference in only anterior direction. In the experimental group the mean value is 69.83 with a SD of 11.62 while in the control group the mean value is 63.51 with a SD of 11.36; p-value of .045 and t-value of 2.056. In postero-lateral directions result shows there is no significant difference, experimental group the mean value is 91.10 with a SD of 9.74 while in control group mean value is 90.88 with SD value of 12.68; p-value of .947 and t-value of .067. Result of postero-medial shows no significant difference too, in experimental group the mean value of 95.16 with SD of 10.92 while in control group the mean value is 93.40 with SD of 8.20; p=value of .501 and t-value of .678. Conclusion: This study has proven strengthening exercise using YBT improved only anterior direction of YBT but no significant difference in postero-lateral and postero-medial direction. Key Words: Knee Osteoarthritis, Strengthening exercise, Dynamic Balance, Star excursion test
Evaluation of The Leisure Time Attitude of Gymnastic Coaches
Authors: Özlü Metin
Published: December 2021

The working group of the research consists of 297 referees who attended the 2018 Referee-Trainer Visa Seminars of the Gymnastics Federation held in Antalya between 20-23 December 2018. Leisure Attitude Scale: LAS, developed by Ragheb and Beard in 1982 and adapted into Turkish by Akgül and Gürbüz, was used in the study. The data obtained in the study, frequency,% distribution, mean and standard deviation (Std. Deviation) were measured, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used in normality analysis, Kruskal Wallis-H, Mann Whitney U, Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests were used in comparison of the groups. In this study, which examines the attitudes of gymnastics trainers towards leisure activities; It was examined whether there was a difference in terms of gender, age and coaching level and a significant difference was found according to the variables of age and coaching level (P <0.05). There is a significant difference in the cognitive dimension from the sub-dimensions of attitude towards leisure activities according to age. There is a significant difference in affective dimension from the sub-dimensions of attitude towards leisure activities according to the category of coaching level (P <0.05). In addition, gymnastics trainers' attitudes towards leisure activities did not differ according to gender (P> 0.05). In coaching training seminars, various departments should be organized in order to make efficient use of leisure time, it is recommended to support concepts such as leisure attitude and related life quality, leisure time satisfaction, leisure physical activity restrictions, and coping with leisure time obstacles by carrying out different studies. Keywords: Gymnastics, Coach, Leisure Attitude
Comparison of Effects of Different Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on Post-Operative Pain during Single Visit RCT
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Khattak Osama , Alonazi Meshal Aber , Algarni Hmoud Ali , Mehood Khan Aamir , Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Issrani Rakhi
Published: December 2021

Aims: Comparing the effects of normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine on the post-operative pain intensity after a single visit root canal treatment. Methods: A total of 120 male and female patients requiring an endodontic treatment for necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly divided into three equal groups (40 each) according to the type of root canal irrigating solution, i.e. group A (normal saline {NaCl}), group B (sodium hypochlorite {5.25% NaOCl}) and group C (chlorhexidine {2.0% CLX}) . The post-operative pain intensity was determined using a self-explanatory questionnaire with four-point pain intensity scale at 6 hrs and 24 hrs and on 4th, 7th and 10th day after a single visit endodontic procedure. Tukey’s test was used to compare significant pain intensity among three root canal irrigating solution. Results: Among group A (NaCl) participants, most of them experienced mild pain at 6th hr. The mean pain score was further compared among the three irrigant groups at different time intervals by Post hoc comparison using Tukey’s HSD test, which showed that group A (NaCl) had a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) with a mean pain value of 0.66±1 at 6th hr post-endodontic pain determination as compared to group B (5.25% NaOCl) and group C (2.0% CLX) where the mean pain value was 1.05±0.91 and 2.48±0.55 respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that normal saline should not be used as the sole root canal irrigant during the endodontic treatment especially when the involved teeth are having necrotic pulp and chronic peri-radicular periodontitis to avoid the incidence of post-endodontic pain. Keywords: Endodontics, Irrigant, Pain, Chlorhexidine.
The French Court and the Principle of Legality
Authors: Chen Bruce
Published: December 2021

With the recent retirement of Robert French as Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, this article provides a retrospective on the French Court’s treatment of the principle of legality. The principle of legality is a common law interpretive principle most commonly associated with the presumption that Parliament does not intend to interfere with fundamental common law rights, freedoms and immunities. This article demonstrates that the principle of legality has greatly risen in prominence during the French Court era. The article draws a narrative of the most significant principle of legality cases decided by the French Court. It identifies the unprecedented developments that have taken place, the areas in which divisions have emerged, and the implications for the principle going forward.
Removing Donor Anonymity: What Does it Achieve? Revisiting the Welfare of Donor-Conceived Individuals
Authors: Taylor-Sands Michelle
Published: December 2021

On 1 March 2017, all donor-conceived individuals (‘DCIs’) in Victoria were given an unfettered legal right to access identifying information about their donors despite previous assurances of donor anonymity at the time of donation. At the heart of the debate over release of donor information is the welfare of DCIs. In this article, I argue retrospective removal of donor anonymity is neither necessary nor appropriate and may create more problems than it solves. The debate over release of donor information has been dominated by harm-based and human rights approaches to the welfare of DCIs, neither of which justifies retrospectively removing donor anonymity. I offer an alternative relational approach for evaluating the welfare of DCIs alongside the interests of other relevant parties and conclude the previous consent model in Victoria for disclosing identifying donor information provides a more effective way of accommodating the various interests at stake than the new model.
Disinformation, Deepfakes and Democracies: The Need for Legislative Reform
Authors: Ray Andrew
Published: December 2021

Rapid technological advancement is changing the way that political parties, voters, and media platforms engage with each other. This along with cultural change has led to an emerging era of disinformation and misinformation driven by both domestic and foreign actors. Political deepfakes, videos created through the use of artificial intelligence, allow individuals to rapidly create fake videos indistinguishable from true content. These videos have the capacity to undermine voter trust and could alter electoral outcomes. Regulating disinformation however raises significant free speech concerns, as well as questions about where liability should fall. In particular, holding large technology and media platforms accountable for content could lead to unintended chilling effects around freedom of expression, harming rather than protecting democratic institutions. Proposed regulations should therefore be carefully analysed through the framework of the implied freedom of political communication, ensuring that any new laws are proportionate and tailored to the threat they seek to prevent. This article analyses how current Australian law interacts with political deepfakes and proposes two targeted amendments to our federal electoral regulations to reduce the threat they pose to elections.
Perilous Fires, Pandemics and Price Gouging: The Need to Protect Consumers from Unfair Pricing Practices during Times of Crisis
Authors: Giancaspro Mark
Published: December 2021

Recent crises affecting Australia, including the Black Summer bushfires and Coronavirus pandemic, have devastated social morale and crippled our economy. Countless lives and properties have been damaged or lost. These conditions have inflated demand for basic consumer goods and services, such as hygiene products, staple foods, and utility services. Sadly, some sellers have exploited public desperation, with widespread reports of price gouging. This notorious practice involves pricing high-demand essentials at levels significantly higher than what is commonly considered acceptable, reasonable or fair. This article critically analyses moral and economic arguments surrounding statutory controls before proposing a model law regulating price gouging during times of crisis. It argues that such a law is both essential and easily adaptable to Australia’s consumer law framework. The model law provides a basis for the federal government to consider desperately required change to ensure consumers do not suffer during current crises or those to come.
The Limits of the Comparative Public Law Methodology in International Investment Law: An Australian Case Study
Authors: Ferguson Alexander
Published: December 2021

Government conduct is increasingly reviewable by investment treaty tribunals. These tribunals often consider whether a host state has failed to afford fair and equitable treatment by defeating a foreign investor’s legitimate expectations. To discern what a foreign investor can legitimately expect, some tribunals use a comparative public law methodology that draws on domestic public law. Using Australian law as a case study, I suggest that the comparative public law methodology may not be able to achieve all of its aims.
Characterisation of Breach of Confidence as a Privacy Tort in Private International Law
Authors: Douglas Michael
Published: December 2021

Certain kinds of breach of confidence may be characterised as torts, at least for the purposes of Australian private international law, in respect of rules of jurisdiction and choice of law. When a breach of confidence involves a misuse of private information, a tortious characterisation is appropriate. This view is consistent with appellate authority recognising the unique character of equitable jurisdiction. The article begins by considering debates concerning the juridical basis of breach of confidence, and its metamorphosis into the tort of misuse of private information. The very existence of that debate indicates that breach of confidence may intelligibly have more than one character. The substantive principles of breach of confidence inform the way that cross-border problems ought to be resolved in private international law. The remainder of the article considers characterisation in respect of long-arm jurisdictional rules, and then in respect of choice-of-law rules.
Lessons from History in Dealing with Our Most Dangerous
Authors: Hobbs Harry , Trotter Andrew
Published: December 2021

The conundrum of dealing with dangerous sexual offenders is one that has never been too far from the public and legislative consciousness. Striking an appropriate balance between community protection and the human rights of the offender is a difficult task and one weighed down by many competing considerations. In this article, we survey historical and contemporary punishment of dangerous sexual offenders in order to inform that debate. Measures adopted or employed by political communities to respond to such offenders should be chosen with an eye to history. This article argues that such measures are often adopted as a cure for public fear, and as such, they risk being overzealous, imprecise, disproportionate, and unjust. Reflecting on this history, we provide three points that should guide legislative and executive responses when dealing with our most dangerous.
Still Lagging Behind: Diagnosing Judicial Approaches to ‘Bodily Injury’ Claims for Psychiatric Injury under the Montreal Convention of 1999
Authors: Asimakis John-Patrick
Published: December 2021

International civil aviation is today a mature global industry, without which the modern world is unimaginable. That modern world increasingly recognises, in view of advancing medical science, that the dualist distinction between body and mind is artificial. Yet recent judicial interpretation of the term ‘bodily injury’ in the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (‘Montreal’) of 1999 has revalidated this distinction by denying compensation for psychiatric injury in the field of international civil aviation. This article challenges that interpretation by explaining the physical nature of psychiatric injury with reference to medical literature and neuroimaging technologies. It argues that the ordinary meaning of ‘bodily injury’ across Montreal’s authentic texts encompasses psychiatric injury, supporting this construction by examining both Montreal’s travaux préparatoires and its parties’ municipal jurisprudence. After briefly addressing policy concerns, it concludes that national courts may permit recovery for pure psychiatric injury under Montreal.
To Boldly Go, Part II: Data as the CISG’s Next (but Probably Not Final) Frontier
Authors: Hayward Benjamin
Published: December 2021

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (‘CISG’) is an international sales law treaty concluded in 1980 and drafted with traditional (physical) goods trade in mind. While a significant body of scholarship has addressed its capacity to govern electronic software transactions, only limited commentary has explored the CISG’s digital application beyond software per se. ‘To Boldly Go, Part I’, this article’s counterpart, developed a specific legal framework for assessing the CISG’s capacity to regulate international trade in non-software data. This article now applies that framework, confirming the CISG is capable of governing non-software data trade, and uses that framework to resolve the currently unsettled question of whether cryptocurrency trade falls within the CISG’s scope. Since non-software data trade is becoming increasingly economically important, this article’s conclusions stand to benefit data traders as well as the practitioners advising them.
Determining a Suicide under Australian Law
Authors: Jowett Stephanie , Carpenter Belinda , Tait Gordon
Published: December 2021

This article examines the role of coroners in making legal determinations of suicide in Australia. Research indicates that the requirement to make findings of intent and capacity in unexpected, violent deaths can be difficult for coroners and recent government inquiries have suggested that the law contributes to the problem. A review of laws and commentary that guide coroners in Australian states and territories reveals not only that coroners are the only persons tasked with making routine legal determinations of suicide, but that such legal guidance lacks clarity. This article concludes that law reform would aid coroners by clarifying definitional issues, removing inconsistency between state jurisdictions and increasing the transparency of case law. Along with requirements for a determination of intent, which is a practical matter previously raised by the Victorian Coronial Council, such changes would go some way to ensuring that Australian suicide statistics are more reliably created.