bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Синтез робастного регулятора апериодической степени устойчивости системы с аффинной неопределенностью
Authors: Гайворонский С.А. , Хожаев И.В. , Соболь А.В.
Published: October 2024

Рассматривается характеристический полином системы, в коэффициенты которого линейно входят интервальные параметры объекта управления, образующие параметрический многогранник. Проводится параметрический синтез линейного робастного регулятора, располагающего доминирующий вещественный полюс системы в заданном отрезке отрицательной вещественной полуоси и обеспечивающего в системе апериодический переходный процесс. Процедура синтеза предусматривает использование регулятора пониженного порядка, параметры которого разделяются на зависимые и свободные. Первые гарантируют желаемое положение отрезка доминирующего полюса, а вторые смещают области локализации остальных полюсов за заданную границу. Для определения значений зависимых параметров регулятора на основании сформулированного утверждения у параметрического многогранника объекта определяются прообразы границ отрезка доминирующего полюса. Для выбора свободных параметров регулятора применяется робастное вершинное или реберное D-разбиение в зависимости от вида граничных реберных ветвей областей локализации свободных полюсов системы. Приводится числовой пример параметрического синтеза ПИД-регулятора для обеспечения допустимого времени апериодического переходного процесса грузоподъемной системы при интервальных значениях длины троса и массы груза.

This paper considers a system whose characteristic polynomial coefficients are linear combinations of the interval parameters of a plant forming a parametric polytope. A linear robust controller is parametrically designed to place a dominant pole of the system within the desired interval of the negative real semi-axis and ensure an aperiodic transient in the system. The parametric design procedure involves a low-order controller with dependent and free parameters: the former serve to place the dominant pole within the desired interval on the complex plane whereas the latter to shift the other poles to some localization regions beyond a given bound (to the left of the dominant pole to satisfy the pole dominance principle). To evaluate the dependent parameters of the controller, the originals of the interval bounds of the dominant pole are determined for the plant’s parametric polytope based on a corresponding theorem (see below). The free parameters of the controller are chosen using the robust vertex or edge D-partition method, depending on the boundary edge branches of the localization regions of the free poles. A numerical example of the parametric design procedure is provided: a PID controller is built to ensure an acceptable aperiodic transient time in a load-lifting mechanism with interval values of cable length and load weight.
Исследование многофазных систем массового обслуживания с помощью методов машинного обучения
Authors: Вишневский В.М. , Ларионов А.А. , Мухтаров А.А. , Соколов А.М.
Published: October 2024

Рассматривается многофазная система массового обслуживания с входящим коррелированным МАР-потоком, РН-распределением времени обслуживания и ограничен­ным размером буфера на фазах системы. Приведен краткий исторический обзор по анализу моделей таких систем и методов их исследования. На основании проведенного обзора обосно­­вана новизна постановки задачи, рассматриваемой в статье, методов ее решения и результатов. Дано описание алгоритма точного расчета характеристик производительности многофазных систем малой размерности и оценки сложности этого алгоритма. Для исследо­вания многофазных систем большой размерности предложен подход, основанный на комби­на­ции методов имитационного моделирования и машинного обучения. Приве­дены результа­ты численного анализа, подтвердившие эффективность применения методов машинного обучения для оценки характеристик производительности тандемных систем, адекватно опи­сы­вающих функционирование широкополосных беспроводных сетей.

This paper considers tandem queuing systems with limited buffer sizes in each phase. The system handles an incoming correlated MAP flow and the service time obeys a PH-distribution. Models of such systems and methods for their investigation are briefly reviewed from the historical perspective. According to the review, the problem statement presented below, the methods proposed for solving this problem, and the corresponding results are novel. An accurate algorithm for calculating the performance characteristics of low-dimensional tandem queuing systems is described, including an estimate of the algorithm’s complexity. An approach using both machine learning and simulation modeling is suggested for the investigation of high-dimensional tandem queuing systems. Numerical analysis results are provided to show the effectiveness of machine learning methods for estimating the performance of tandem queuing systems.
Способ идентификационного управления мостовым краном с новым расположением совмещенного датчика линейного ускорения и угловой скорости
Authors: Круглов С.П. , Ковыршин С.В. , Буторин Д.В.
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрен способ автоматизации управления мостовым краном при текущей неопределенности его параметров, параметров переносимого груза и внешних возмущений. Целью управления является перемещение груза в горизонтальной плоскости в точку, обеспечивающую итоговую доставку груза в назначенное место с одновременным парированием угловых колебаний подвеса и обеспечением заданных динамических характеристик. Для этого применен подход, основанный на схеме управления с алгоритмом текущей параметрической идентификации, неявной эталонной модели и «упрощенных» условиях адаптируемости с нацеленностью на непосредственное отслеживание перемещения груза. Закон управления формирует заданную скорость тележки, отрабатываемую сервоприводом. При выборе параметров закона управления используются паспортные данные крановой установки. В отличие от ранее опубликованных работ по этой тематике предлагается решение, которое является более простым, надежным в эксплуатационном плане и менее дорогостоящим. Это достигается расположением совмещенного датчика, включающего акселерометр и датчик угловой скорости, на тросе подвеса около тележки крана, использованием алгоритмического решения, не требующего предварительного вычисления дрейфа датчика угловой скорости, и более эффективной процедуры текущей параметрической идентификации. Приведены результаты компьютерного моделирования, подтверждающие указанное. Аналогичный пример был реализован и на экспериментальной установке.

This paper is devoted to an automatic control method for an overhead crane under the current parametric uncertainty of the crane, transported cargo, and exogenous disturbances. The control objective is to move the cargo in the horizontal plane to a point ensuring the final delivery of the cargo to the designated place while parrying the angular oscillations of the suspension and reaching given dynamic characteristics. The approach is based on a control scheme with a current parametric identification algorithm, an implicit reference model, and “simplified” adaptability conditions to track cargo movements directly. The control law generates a given trolley speed for the servo drive. The passport data of the crane installation are used to select the control law parameters. Unlike previous publications on the topic, the solution proposed below is simpler, more reliable in terms of operation, and less expensive. This is achieved by placing a combined sensor (an accelerometer with an angular rate sensor (ARS)) on a suspension cable near the crane trolley and applying, first, an algorithmic solution without the preliminary calculation of the ARS drift and, second, a current parametric identification procedure of higher efficiency. Computer simulation results are provided to confirm these advantages of the new solution. A similar example is implemented on an experimental installation.
inonasal carcinoma (literature review and case report)
Authors: Spirin D.S. , Cherekaev V.A. , Chernov I.V. , Nersesyan M.V. , Tlisova M.N. , Popadyuk V.I. , Svyatoslavov D.S. , Reshetov I.V.
Published: October 2024

Background. Adenocystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy originating from the epithelium of seromucinous major and minor salivary glands. It occurs most frequently in people aged 50-60 years, with a male-to-female ratio (3:2). This tumor accounts for less than 2% of all tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, but for 5-10% of all adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal region.Case description. In this article, we are aiming to demonstrate the importance of cancer awareness of a physician and describe the clinical case of a patient who was seen by an otorhinolaryngologist for 2 years with the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, in fact being a patient with adenocarcinoma of nasopharyngeal localization. Conclusion. Adenocystic carcinoma is a tumor requiring long-term follow-up due to frequent local recurrences, distant metastases, and aggressive perineural growth. Cancer awareness of patients with typical complaints such as nasal congestion and epistaxis, especially unilateral, is important to perform surgical treatment as early as possible and improve the patient's prognosis

Актуальность. Аденокистозная карцинома является редкой злокачественной опухолью, происходящей из эпителия серомуцинозных больших и малых слюнных желез. Чаще всего встречается у людей в возрасте 50–60 лет с соотношением заболеваемости мужчин и женщин 3:2. На долю данной опухоли приходится менее 2% всех опухолей полости носа и околоносовых пазух, но 5–10% всех аденокарцином синоназальной области. Клинический случай. В данной статье мы показали важность онкологической настороженности врача и описали клинический случай пациентки, которая 2 года наблюдалась у оториноларинголога с диагнозом «аллергический ринит», будучи больной аденокарциномой назофарингеальной локализации. Заключение. Аденокистозная карцинома – это опухоль, требующая длительного динамического наблюдения в связи с частым развитием местных рецидивов, отдаленных метастазов и агрессивным периневральным ростом. Онкологическая настороженность пациентов с типичными жалобами, такими как затруднение носового дыхания и носовые кровотечения, особенно с одной стороны, имеет большое значение для как можно более раннего проведения хирургического лечения и лучшего прогноза.
Predictors of Verbal Fluency Decline in People with Cognitive Dysfunctions
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Center for Specialized Languages in Medicine, Poland, Bialek Monika Betyna , Borkowska Alina ,   Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Poland
Published: October 2024

Background: Verbal fluency impairment is a prospective risk for dementia and conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to dementia. In elderly may be related to the deficits in other cognitive domains and also with age and duration of cognitive decline. The AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of Verbal Fluency Tests (VFT) in people with cognitive decline in relation to age, duration of the cognitive decline and the level of cognitive dysfunction. Methods: 279 (177 females and 102 males) people with cognitive decline (MCI and dementia), aged 50-91 years were included in the study. For the evaluation of general cognitive abilities Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and for assessment of verbal fluency– Verbal Fluency Test (phonological and categorical) was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. Factor analysis of the main components of Verbal Fluency Test and MMSE were used and one-way ANOVA test in the prediction analysis was applied. Results: All dimensions of verbal fluency subscales and MMSE are explained by one factor, which indicate their similar etiological mechanism. The longer duration of the cognitive impairment the worse results in VFT and MMSE. Worse results of MMSE were associated with worse performance on VFT, the most important critical moment of deterioration was associated with scores in the range of 25-23 and 17-18 MMSE points, however there are some differences between verbal fluency categories. The most significant periods of duration of the disease for VFT performance were months 6 and 9, and for the category of categorical fluency months 6,9, as well as 26, 31-32 and 36. No significant associations between the age and VFT and MMSE results were observed. Conclusions: Verbal fluency decline is related to global cognitive functioning. Longer duration time of the disease was associated with the level of verbal fluency and cognitive decline, while the age of patients is not an important factor. The verbal fluency deterioration occurs in leaps and bounds, the critical moments for verbal fluency decline may be established based on the duration of the illness and global functioning measured by MMSE.
Powerful and Reliable Prediction using Latent Variables of Experimentally Unobservable Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: TAKEDA Kazuhiro , OHTSUKA Naoya , SUZUKI Toshiyasu , MOMIYAMA Norie
Published: October 2024

In this study, a novel machine learning algorithm was designed to assist in the development of organic reactions. This algorithm addresses the complexities inherent in batch- type organic reactions, including the necessity for numerous experiments and the effects of intricate characteristics of reaction pathways. By integrating molecular relationships and actual yields from observable reactions, the algorithm is used to estimate untested yields via extrapolation. An approach based on Bayesian optimization and dual annealing optimization is employed to compute expected values and evaluate plausibility. The algorithm’s dual-loop 2 structure, incorporating latent variables and experimental values, maximizes the coefficient of determination. Physicochemical aspects of the algorithm are validated using natural bond orbital charges, and its utility in synthesizing perfluoroiodinated naphthalenes is demonstrated. The algorithm exhibits potential for application in predicting experimentally unobservable reactions, thereby advancing the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Development of Absolute Quantification Methods for Digital Immunoassays: Theoretical Framework and Establishment of Droplet-Based Digital Immunoassay Techniques
Authors: Mao Tianjiao , Lu Liang , Xiao Yipi , Ai Fanrong , Guo Liang , Wang Jiani , Yao Jing , Yan Xiluan , Li Huan
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the current digital Immunoassays techniques and their theoretical foundations. Traditional single-molecule immunoassay models based on a single discrete Poisson distribution cannot explain or achieve absolute quantification in theory. Therefore, this paper interprets the process of target protein capture by magnetic beads in digital immunoassays as a Poisson distribution process, using the magnetic beads themselves as discrete objects to calculate microvolume (Vd). Then, it models the secondary sampling process using hypergeometric or multivariate hypergeometric distributions to achieve absolute quantification of the target proteins. The paper includes a simulated analysis of the entire process. Additionally, we introduce a droplet-based absolute quantification method using digital immunoassay, establishing two technical approaches: the bead-counting method and the external calibration method. These are compared with the Single Molecule immunoassay and the electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay method. Finally, the feasibility of the internal calibration method is discussed through simulation and modeling. The theories introduced in this paper can effectively solve the problem of absolute quantification in protein immunoassays, providing theoretical support for the establishment of precise protein quantification methods.
Equilibrium Driven Ring Expansion Metathesis Polymerization via Tunable Chain Transfer Processes
Authors: Pomfret Meredith , Serck Nicholas , Miller Lucy , Golder Matthew
Published: October 2024

Ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) is a robust and versatile method used to access polymeric cyclic architectures for applications in biomedicine, electronics, and performance engineering. Cyclic Ru-benzylidene REMP catalyst CB6 demonstrates higher stability and polymerization rates compared to other Ru-based systems. However, CB6 also exhibits an unusual molar mass evolution profile where high molar mass cyclic polymers are produced at early time points followed by a gradual decrease in molar mass. For broad cyclic polymer applications to be fully realized, a mechanistic understanding of REMP is crucial. In this work, we investigate the polymerization profiles of CB6 using a series of mechanistic studies to probe the requisite chain transfer steps envisaged for such a polymerization profile. Furthermore, our studies reveal an intricate relationship between reaction concentration and equilibrium molar mass. These collective studies demonstrate CB6’s role not only as an initiator, but also as a catalytic chain transfer agent. Overall, we showcase a new toolkit by which to control REMP that will allow further optimization of catalyst design and the creation of novel cyclic materials.
Thermochemical Heterolytic Hydrogenation Catalysis Proceeds Through Polarization-Driven Hydride Transfer
Authors: Wang Hai-Xu , Surendranath Yogesh
Published: October 2024

Heterolytic hydrogenations, which split H2 across a hydride acceptor and proton acceptor, are a key class of reactions that span the chemical value chain, including CO2 hydrogenation to formate and NADH regeneration from NAD+. The dominant mechanistic models for heterogeneous catalysis of these reactions invoke classical surface mechanisms that ignore the role of interfacial charge separation. Herein, we quantify the electrochemical potential of the catalyst during turnover and uncover evidence supporting an interfacial electrochemical hydride transfer mechanism for this overall thermochemical reaction class. We find that the proton acceptor induces spontaneous electrochemical polarization of the metal catalyst surface, thereby controlling the thermodynamic hydricity of the surface M–H intermediates and driving rate-determining electrochemical hydride transfer to the hydride acceptor substrate. Overall, this model invokes that heterolytic hydrogenations proceed via the coupling of two electrochemical half-reactions, the hydrogen reduction reaction (HRR) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), which convert H2 to hydride and proton, respectively. This mechanistic framework, which applies across diverse reaction media and for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate and NAD+ to NADH, enables the determination of intrinsic reaction kinetics and exposes design principles for the future development of sustainable hydrogenation reactivity.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Sulfoximine-Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes: Functionalizable, Tuneable and Cysteine-Selective Chiral Warheads
Authors: Zhong Zhenhao , Hocking Brad J W , Brown Charles P. , Ma Tsz-Kan , White Andrew J. P. , Mann David J. , Armstrong Alan , Bull James A
Published: October 2024

Electrophilic covalent warheads with appropriate reactivity and selectivity are crucial to the investigation of protein function and the discovery of therapeutics. Here we report the synthesis of sulfoximine bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) as novel thiol reactive chiral warheads, achieved in one-pot from methylsulfoximines. Unusually the warhead can then be derivatized, keeping the BCB intact, over 3 vectors: i) sulfoximine N-modification instills a broad range of strain-release reactivity; ii) sp2-cross-coupling reactions on aryl-BCB-sulfoximines allows direct diversification, and iii) functionalization of the BCB motif itself is achieved by metalation and trapping with electrophiles. The BCB sulfoximines are shown to react selectively with cysteine including in a protein model (CDK2) under biocompatible conditions. Preliminary data indicate suitability for chemoproteomic applications, and enantioselective cysteine-labelling. The reactivity of sulfoximine BCBs with electron withdrawing groups on nitrogen is comparable to acrylamides with low to moderate reactivity.
Disintegration of water nanodroplet in oil: Impact of amphiphile self-assembly, surface heterogeneity, and protrusions
Authors: Kumar Nitesh
Published: October 2024

Amphiphiles self-assemble around water-in-oil nanodroplets, increasing interfacial heterogeneity, reducing droplet size, and stabilizing the system through microemulsion formation. We present molecular dynamics simulations investigating how amphiphiles modulate the heterogeneity and disintegration of water nanodroplets. Utilizing network theory-based sub-ensemble analysis and curvature analysis, we characterize the amphiphile self-assembly process and the disintegration of water nanodroplets into smaller daughter droplets. We detail the microscopic mechanism of water transport from the water droplet to the oil phase, facilitated by the formation of sharp, finger-like protrusions on the droplet surface. Our results demonstrate a direct correlation between the rate of droplet disintegration and temperature-induced thermal fluctuations.
Excited-State Cu-BINAP Catalysis for Molecular Valorization
Authors: Mukherjee Upasana , Shah Jagrut , Ngai Ming-Yu
Published: October 2024

The use of visible light to drive chemical transformations has a history spanning over a century. However, the development of photo-redox catalysts to efficiently harness light energy is a more recent advancement, evolving over the past two decades. While ruthenium and iridium-based photocatalysts dominate due to their photostability, long excited-state lifetimes, and high redox potentials, concerns about sustainability and cost have shifted attention to first-row transition metals. Luminescent Cu(I) complexes have emerged as promising alternatives, offering open-shell reactivity and tunable photoelectrochemical properties. This review (i) provides an overview of the structural, photophysical, and electrochemical properties governing copper(I) complexes; (ii) highlights advances in Cu(I)-BINAP catalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations under mild conditions; and (iii) analyzes the trajectory of this catalytic system, addressing challenges and identifying opportunities for further development.
COCONUT 2.0: A comprehensive overhaul and curation of the collection of open natural products database
Authors: Nainala Venkata Chandrasekhar , Rajan Kohulan , Kanakam Sri Ram Sagar , Sharma Nisha , Weißenborn Viktor , Schaub Jonas , Steinbeck Christoph
Published: October 2024

The COCONUT (COlleCtion of Open Natural prodUcTs) database was launched in 2021 as an aggregation of openly available natural product datasets and has been one of the biggest open natural product databases since. Apart from the chemical structures of natural products, COCONUT contains information about names and synonyms, species, and organism parts in which the natural product has been found, geographic information about where the respective sample has been collected, and literature references, where available. COCONUT is openly accessible at https://coconut.naturalproducts.net. Users can search textual information and perform structure, substructure, and similarity searches. The data in COCONUT is available for bulk download as SDF, CSV, and a database dump. The web application for accessing the data is open-source. Here, we describe COCONUT 2.0, for which the web application has been completely rewritten, and the data has been newly assembled and extensively curated. New features include data submissions by users and community curation facilitated in various ways.
Scalable Quasiperiodicity of Two-Dimensional Moiré Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Kim Jiyeon , Lee Jaewoong , Cho Changhyeon , Nam Joohan , Ji Byeongju , Cho Hyeonsoo , Shin Hyeon Tae , Sivanesan Dharmalingam , Park Sarah S. , Kim Jihan , Choe Wonyoung
Published: October 2024

The discovery of quasicrystals, characterized by unique, non-repeating atomic arrangements and forbidden rotational symmetries, has significantly expanded our understanding of crystalline materials. However, controlling quasiperiodic length scales remains challenging because the quasiperiodic arrangements are often influenced by chemical compositions. In this study, we utilized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a highly designable platform to achieve scalable quasiperiodicity. Using isoreticular design principles, we demonstrated the formation of dodecagonal quasiperiodic patterns in two-dimensional Moiré MOFs with various ditopic organic ligands. By precisely controlling ligand lengths, we achieved angstrom-level modulation of quasiperiodic length scales, as evidenced by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and mathematical validation. This work bridges the gap between quasiperiodicity and MOFs, highlighting the potential of MOFs for the systematic and scalable exploration of quasiperiodic patterns.
Modelling the Impact of Alloying State Dynamics on-the Reactivity of Group-10-Metal-Gallium Nanoparticles.
Authors: Pessemesse Quentin , Perochon Alexandre , Copéret Christophe , Perrin Marie-Eve L. , Payard Pierre-Adrien
Published: October 2024

Bimetallic nanoparticles are catalysts for reactions, such as COx hydrogenation or propane dehydrogenation. Recently, gallium has been identified as a promoter which enables dispersion of group-X-metal sites, raising activity and selectivity. However, quantitative information on alloying dynamics under reaction conditions are not readily available and a gen-eral computational method to access such information is missing. Here, an ab initio molecular dynamics workflow with enhanced sampling methods is used to probe the alloying behavior of Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-Ga nanoparticles under operating conditions (T = 600°C) in presence of H2 or CO. The three metals display different alloying behaviors with Ga: Ni forms a core surrounded by gallium, while Pd and Pt form different alloyed structures. Both H2 and CO shift the alloying state to different extents. A set of three descriptors is proposed to compare and quantify the alloying behavior of these catalyst models: (i) the position αmin of the most stable alloying state; (ii) the curvature ηα of the free energy at αmin, referred to as the alloying hardness; (iii) the skew κα of the free energy at αmin, which relates to its propensity to alloy or segregate. The influence of the alloying behavior on the propane dehydrogenation activity of NiGa and PtGa is assessed: the energetic cost of alloy reorganization in the activation energy has been quantified. Extracting quantitative alloying descriptors from ab initio molecular dynamics is a promising tool to take alloy reorganization into account, both for mechanistic studies and for rational catalyst design.
A Comparison of Modern Solvation Models for Oxygen Reduction at the Pt(111) Interface
Authors: Demeyere Tom , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: October 2024

Solvation effects play an important role in the thermodynamics of catalytic reactions, however, current implicit solvation models often fail to accurately capture specific local effects, such as hydrogen bonding, limiting their ability to systematically incorporate solvation effects into quantum mechanical simulations. In this study, we investigate the Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) and apply it to the Platinum (111) interface, using the Oxygen Reduction Reaction as a case study. We compare RISM to the Charge-Asymmetric Nonlocally Determined Local-Electric (CANDLE) solvation model, which belongs to the class of Poisson-Boltzmann models. Our results demonstrate that RISM, with the appropriately parametrized water model, can accurately describe properties of the solvated Pt(111) surface such as solvation free energies, workfunctions, capacitances and capture subtle effects due to electrolyte concentration and explicit adsorbates. We find that including lone pairs in the water model proves to be crucial for obtaining accurate results, highlighting the importance of water non-bonding orbitals in solvation effects at the Pt(111) interface. Furthermore, RISM enables the computation of previously inaccessible properties, such as the solvent/electrolyte density near charged electrodes, providing valuable insights into the electrochemical double layer structure. Our findings suggest that RISM could serve as a computationally efficient alternative for studying electrode-electrolyte interfaces, paving the way for systematically incorporating solvation effects into computational studies.
Isothiocyanate Enabled Versatile Cyclizations of Phage Dis-played Peptides for the Discovery of Macrocyclic Binders
Authors: Lei Xinxiang , Bai Liwen , Dan Ting , Cheng Peng , Yang Xiaoqin , Xiang Hua , Huang Rong , Wang Qi , Li Kai , Gao JinMing
Published: October 2024

Cyclic peptides exhibit advantages in binding protein targets with high affinity and competency in inhibiting protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Cyclic peptide phage display with over a billion variants is an invaluable tool in drug discovery. However, achieving efficient peptide cyclization on phages remains a challenge due to the limited availability of reaction sites, which also restricts scaffold diversity. Here, we report an isothiocyanate-derived crosslinker featuring dual reactive groups: a bro-mide that covalently attaches to cysteine thiols, and a thiocyanogen that selectively forms a thiourea bridge with either the N-terminal amino group or ε-amines of lysine, depending on pH. This strategy enables pH-modulated cyclization, with head-to-side chain cyclization at pH 6.5 and side chain-to-side chain ligation at pH 9.5, simultaneously generating thiourea scaffolds. To demonstrate the versatility and biocompatibility of this approach, we constructed cyclic peptide libraries using both cy-clization methods and successfully selected binders for several targets, including Cyp D, TNF, MDM2, and Keap1, with disso-ciation constants (KD) ranging from micromolar to nanomolar. Given the broad pharmacological potential of the thiourea moiety, this phage display library opens new chemical space with high scaffold diversity and the integration of a proven pharmacophore for the development of cyclic peptide therapeutics.
Endoscopic features of eosinophilic lesion of the esophagus in children
Authors: Koshurnikova Anastasia S. , Osmanov Ismail M. , Kuzmin Anatolii S. , Scorobogatova Ekaterina V. , Berezhnaya Irina V. , Zakharova Irina N.
Published: October 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, slowly progressive immune-mediated disease considered a separate clinical and morphological syndrome. The incidence of EoE is currently tending to increase in children. Endoscopy with biopsy is essential for diagnosing EoE in children and adults. The article presents modern endoscopic capabilities in pediatric practice. Attention is drawn to the need to use the available modern endoscopic protocols for the diagnosis of eosinophilic lesions of the esophagus in children; the role of correct and high-quality endoscopic and pathomorphological interpretation of the data obtained for the verification of the diagnosis in EoE is emphasized.
Development of the infant’s microbiota depending on the nature of feeding: A review
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Sugian Narine G. , Orobinskaya Yana V.
Published: October 2024

Breast milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) are short polymers of simple sugars that are present in high concentrations in a woman’s breast milk (BM). Their content changes fast over time. Genetic factors, the duration of lactation, and environmental factors particularly influence the level of BMOs. BMOs can facilitate the development of the immune system and protect against infectious diseases directly through the interaction of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, including stimulating Bifidobacterium growth. Clinical data suggest that adding BMOs to infant formula promotes normal neonatal growth and benefits infant health. Adding 1 or 2 BMOs to infant formulas is safe and brings their composition closer to the BM, allowing the child to develop harmoniously.
Oral rehydration in diarrhea: from history to current guidelines. A review
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Berezhnaya Irina V. , Kamilova Altinoy Т. , Gostyukhina Anastasia D.
Published: October 2024

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is usually defined as a change in stool consistency (liquid or unformed) and/or an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, which can also be accompanied by vomiting and fever. Fever increases the metabolic rate by more than 1.5 times; for every 1°C increase in body temperature, fluid loss increases by 10%. AGE is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children. The prognosis is favorable if the condition is recognized promptly and appropriate treatment is started. The main goal of AGE therapy is to restore water balance and prevent dehydration, which can be achieved with an oral rehydration solution. The composition and proportion of the components of rehydration agents are described in the guidelines of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, of which the Russian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists is a collective member, and such agents are fully consistent with the balanced formulations of RehydroStandard and Rehydron Bio rehydration agents. The latter includes the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, well studied and recommended by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition for acute intestinal infections since this strain reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea according to the results of studies. Rehydron Bio and RehydroStandard can be recommended for use in clinical pediatric practice.
ADOPTION OF RIVERBED FARMING TECHNOLOGIES IN KAMALA RIVER BASIN, SIRAHA DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh Sen , Khanal Niraj , Paudel Rajesh , Jaishi Mahesh , Dahal Kishor Chandra
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted in the Kamala River basin areas, stretches over three municipalities namely Karjanha, Kalyanpur and Siraha of Siraha district, Nepal, in 2020 to assess the adoption of riverbed farming technologies. Descriptive and statistical tools were used among 179 households selected from 336 sampling population of riverbed farmers. The proportionate stratified random sampling procedure was employed with structured interview schedule for Key Informants Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Findings portrayed riverbed farming in Kamala River found to be highly profitable and economically viable with B: C ratio 1.51 and 1.47 for watermelon and cucumber respectively. Similarly, the riverbed farm practices adopted were improved seeds varieties, recommended seed rate, specific crop spacing, recommended fertilizer dose, mulching, use of micronutrient, wind barrier, 3G technology, intercropping, sprinkler/drip irrigation, harvesting technology and post- harvest technology. Among them, ‘specific crop spacing’ was highly adopted followed by use of micronutrient and post-harvest technology whereas ‘sprinkler/drip irrigation’ was least adopted followed by recommended fertilizer dose and mulching technology. The average adoption index was 43.67. Based on the technology adoption, the majority of respondent (64 %) were medium adopters followed by high adopters and then low adopters. In addition, there was a substantial positive correlation between age, sex, education level, mass media, subsidies received, interactions with extension agents, riverbed income, and farming experiences and a large negative correlation between market distance and adoption. While accelerating the implementation of technology in farming systems, socioeconomic variables influencing the adoption of better farming techniques may be considered.
EFFECT OF BULB SIZES AND VARIETIES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION SEEDS
Authors: Hasanuzzaman S.M. , Islam M.K. , Alim M.A. , Hossainuzzaman S.M. , Hasan M.S.
Published: October 2024

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important spice and vegetable crops under the family Alliaceae. Size of mother bulbs influenced the yield and quality of seeds. Yield of onion seed crop increases with the dimensional increase in bulb size. The study was conducted at Natore District from November 2014 to April 2016 to study the effect of bulb sizes and varieties on growth, yield and quality of onion seed production. This experiment comprised of two factors namely, three sizes of mother bulb viz., large size (21-30g), medium size (11-20g), small size (5-10g) and five onion varieties viz., the Taherpuri, the Jhitka, the BARI Piaz-1, the BARI Piaz-2 and the BARI Piaz-4 and followed RCBD with three replications. In this experiment, it was found that there were highly significant variations in all the parameters due to the effect of bulb sizes. The largest sized bulb (21-30 g) produced the highest values of all studied parameters. In case of different varieties, the highest values of all parameters were found from the BARI Piaz-4, while the lowest results were found from the Jhitka. The combined effect of bulb sizes and variety found highly significant on all the parameter studied. The BARI Piaz-4 with large sized bulb (21-30g) produced the highest values while lowest results were recorded from the treatment combinations of small sized bulb (5-10g) with the Jhitka. It is recommended to use large bulb size (21-30g) with the BARI Piaz-4 in the research area for confirmation.
EVALUATION OF WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE CULTIVARS IN THE RAINFOREST ZONE OF ANAMBRA STATE
Authors: E.N. Ngonadi,
Published: October 2024

Weeds are one of the major problems in crop production system around the world with devastating consequences. Thus, effective weed control method is very important in the management of the competition between maize and weeds at critical growth stages of the crop. An experiment was conducted at Igbariam to determine the response of three selected cultivars of maize (‘Oka Nteje’, ‘Oka Umunya’, ‘Oka awkuzu’) landrace to four different weed control methods during the 2021 cropping season. It was laid out in 3×4 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The selected maize cultivars were the main factor while the four different weed control methods [weedy check, hoe weeding (twice), Pre-emergence herbicide (Atrazine 3ml/L of water) and Pre-emergence herbicide + hoe weeding once 4weeks after herbicide application] were the sub factor. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant mean were separated using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD). The highest dehusked weight after drying (0.185 kg/ha) and cob fresh weight (0.381kg/ha) were obtained in ‘Oka Awkuzu’ which showed more prospects in terms of yield parameters while pre-emergence herbicide + hoe weeding once had the best weed control effect followed by hoe weeding twice.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF PLASTICS AND RUBBER MANUFACTURERS IN KENYA: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ECO-INNOVATIONS
Authors: Kaguara Angela Wairimu , Magutu Peterson Obara , Odock Stephen Ochieng
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to expose the effect of sustainable manufacturing operations on performance of plastics and rubber manufacturing firms in Kenya.
 
Theoretical Framework: The main concepts and theories that support the research were conveyed. The study employed the natural resource-based view and ecological modernisation theory.
 
Method: The study employed descriptive research survey that targeted all the 90 plastics and rubber manufacturing firms registered by the Kenya Association of manufacturers. A structured questionnaire as well as a data collection form were useful in collecting data. For data analysis descriptive and inferential statistics were used with the precise inclusion of partial least squares structural equation modeling method.
 
Results and Discussion: There was a statistically significant influence of eco-innovations on the effect of sustainable manufacturing operations on environmental performance. However, the individual eco-innovations indicators namely eco-product innovations, eco-process innovations, green system innovations and material flow innovations yielded varied results.
 
Research Implications: The findings confirm previous studies that indeed there are positive gains made from the moderating role of eco-innovations in the correlation between sustainable manufacturing operations and performance of the environment.
 
Originality/Value: These results are expected to benefit stakeholders such as policy makers in government, plastic and rubber manufacturers and academia in augmenting the existing knowledge.
Particularidades del Populismo Latinoamericano de Izquierda en la política económica de los Gobiernos de Hugo Chávez y Rafael Correa
Authors: Ramón Sánchez Álvaro , García-Mayoral Álvaro
Published: October 2024

Los Gobiernos de Hugo Chávez en Venezuela y Rafael Correa en Ecuador ofrecen elementos clave para aproximarse a las interrelaciones de dos fenómenos, el «populismo» y el «neoextractivismo», tradicionalmente abordados por diferentes ramas de las ciencias sociales. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar las similitudes y diferencias entre estas dos figuras políticas, representativas del populismo latinoamericano de izquierda, así como entre sus gobiernos y el resto de la región. Para ello, se realiza un análisis comparado de su carácter populista y su política económica, concluyendo en la asignación de las etiquetas «petropopulismo» y «tecnopopulismo» a Chávez y a Correa, respectivamente, con base en sus logros, dificultades y estilos políticos. Se considera relevante la recuperación de estas dos experiencias, en tanto la región cuenta con nuevos liderazgos progresistas que afrontan contradicciones similares.
Plan de prevención y erradicación de la violencia por género y orientación sexual en el Sistema de Educación Superior 2023-2026
Authors: Beltrán Ayala Erik Pablo , Álvarez Santana Carmita Leonor , Calderón Tobar Angela del Rocio , Velez Verdugo Catalina Elizabeth , Márquez Fidel , Medina Vásquez Paúl Leonardo
Published: October 2024

La violencia en el Sistema de Educación Superior (SES) es un problema sistémico que afecta no solo la calidad de la educación, sino también la salud física y emocional de las personas que conforman el sistema y la integridad de la comunidad académica en su conjunto. La necesidad de abordar este problema se vuelve aún más apremiante debido a la alta incidencia de violencia que enfrentan las mujeres y personas LGBTIQ+ en estos entornos. Este justificativo se basa en la premisa de que es fundamental crear un plan integral que aborde este problema de manera efectiva, a pesar de la falta de presupuesto y las deficiencias en los protocolos de prevención existentes. Por su parte, la violencia en las instituciones de educación superior (IES), es un fenómeno ampliamente documentado y preocupante. Las investigaciones muestran que las mujeres y personas LGBTIQ+ son especialmente vulnerables a diversas formas de violencia, que incluyen acoso sexual, discriminación, intimidación y agresiones físicas. Esta violencia no solo afecta negativamente el bienestar, sino que también crea un ambiente académico hostil que dificulta el aprendizaje y la participación plena en la vida universitaria. Añadido a esto, las entidades rectoras del SES y las IES pueden enfrentar restricciones presupuestarias significativas. Sin embargo, es imperativo considerar que la violencia no solo tiene un costo humano alto, sino también un impacto negativo en la reputación del sistema y su capacidad para dar solución a esta problemática. Por último, la existencia de protocolos de prevención es fundamental, pero su eficacia a menudo se ve comprometida por deficiencias en su implementación y seguimiento. Es crucial abordar estas deficiencias y trabajar en la mejora de los protocolos existentes para garantizar que sean efectivos en la prevención y erradicación de la violencia por género y diversidades sexogenéricas. Reducir la violencia en el SES es una obligación moral y un requisito para crear entornos inclusivos y seguros para todos quienes conforman el sistema. Esto no solo beneficia a las víctimas directas de la violencia, también contribuye a una cultura académica positiva y constructiva en la que todos puedan prosperar. Con el objetivo de dar respuesta a las dificultades que se presentan ante la voluntad de reducir la violencia de género y diversidades sexogenéricas, se construye en el presente “Plan de prevención y erradicación de la violencia por género y diversidades sexogenéricas en el SES para el período 2023-2026”. El Plan se organiza con base en tres grandes ejes: 1) prevención, 2) atención, y 3) protección y reparación.
Bizikidetza eta kulturartekotasunaren sustapena eskolan World Café-aren bidez
Authors: Coronel Gastiain Unai , Palacios Agundez Igone , Perales-Fernández-de-Gamboa Andrea , Rico Martinez Arantza
Published: October 2024

Hezkuntzaren erronka nagusietako bat eskola-komunitatean bizikidetza erreala eta kultura ezberdinen arteko truke positiboa sustatzea da, aniztasuna aberastasun bihurtuz. Ikerketa honetan, Gasteizko eskola publiko bateko esku-hartzea aurkezten dugu; helburua izan da eskola-komunitateak prozesu parte-hartzaile baten bidez bizikidetza eta kulturartekotasuna sustatzeko proposamenak egitea, eta hori lortzeko World Café tresnaren baliagarritasuna ebaluatzea. Horretarako, hiru tresna uztartu dira: familientzako galdetegi bat, World Café tresnan oinarritutako parte-hartze saio bat eta prozesuaren inguruko asebetetze-galdetegi bat. Eskola-komunitateak irudikatu duen ametsetako eskolaren ezaugarri nagusietako batzuk dira elkartasuna, eskubide-berdintasuna eta diskriminaziorik eza. Hori lortzeko, elkartzeko eta elkar ezagutzeko espazioak sortzea eta eskolan presente dauden kultura ezberdinak ezagutzeko aukerak sustatzea proposatu da. Parte-hartzaileen balorazio positiboen oinarrian ikusi da World Café-a tresna lagungarria izan daitekeela eskola-komunitateetan lan egiteko.
DEVELOPING A MULTIMEDIA POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PAPUA
Authors: Rusid Ibnu , Degeng I Nyoman Sudana , Sitompul Nurmida Catherine
Published: October 2024

A biology curriculum consists of several topics that should be taught using appropriate media based on the type of information. The use of Multimedia PowerPoint is chosen because it is accessible without the need for an internet connection, making it a suitable solution for schools in Papua that lack infrastructure.  This research aims to develop a Multimedia PowerPoint presentation on the Human Circulatory System for Junior High School students in Papua, with the goal of enhancing students' understanding of biology. The research method used is Research and Development, following the procedure outlined in the Borg & Gall Model. The developed product was reviewed by several experts and deemed viable. Subsequent assessment by students a yielded positive result. Questionnaires were used for assessment, and data analysis was conducted using percentages.  The results of the development of the Multimedia PowerPoint on the Human Circulatory System are as follows: (1) The average assessment from material/content experts is 93%. (2) The average assessment from media experts is 100%. (3) The average assessment from design experts is 89%. (4) The average assessment from individual trials is 88%. (5) The average assessment from small group trials, is 90%. (6) The average assessment from large group trials is 91%. In conclusion, the Multimedia PowerPoint is a feasible instructional media for teaching the Human Circulatory System to Junior High School students, particularly in the Papua region.