bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência do Modo de Solicitação na Resistência Última de Lajes Lisas de Concreto Armado com Pilares Retangulares e Armadura Inclinada de Punção
Authors: Oliveira Dênio Ramam , Moraes Neto Bernardo , Macêdo Alcebiades
Published: September 2016

Para verificar a influência do comprimento do pilar, ou área carregada, e a eficiência da distribuição da armadura de cisalhamento na resistência última à punção, foram ensaiadas 8 lajes lisas de concreto armado. A área carregada apresentava seção retangular com Cmin igual a 85 mm e a dimensão de Cmax variando em 1, 3 e 5 vezes o valor de Cmin. A armadura de cisalhamento foi constituída por estribos abertos e inclinados de 60° com o plano da laje. A distribuição da armadura de cisalhamento próximo à área carregada foi do tipo cruz, paralelo e duplo “T”. Foi constatada uma influência significativa do maior lado da área carregada e da utilização de armadura de cisalhamento na resistência última das lajes à punção proporcionando, inclusive, alteração no modo de ruína. Avaliando as prescrições da NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2003), percebeu-se uma tendência da norma de superestimar a resistência última à punção nas lajes com a relação entre os lados do pilar elevada (índice de polarização), tendência que se acentua quando a laje apresenta armadura de cisalhamento.
Characterization and Antibacterial Mode of a Novel Bacteriocin with Seven Amino Acids from Lactobacillus plantarum in Guizhou Salted Radish
Authors: Hu Meizhong , Dang Lijuan , Zhao Haizhen , Zhang Chong , Lu Yingjian , Yu Jiansheng , Lu Zhaoxin
Published: September 2016

Traditional Chinese fermented vegetables are excellent probiotic food with probiotic lactic acid bacteria that are benefical to the health. A novel bacteriocin with molecular weight, 825 Da was found successfully from Lactobacillus plantarum 163, which was isolated from Guizhou salted radish. The complete amino acid sequence was speculated as YVCASPW based on the mass spectrometry, and was named as bacteriocin 163-1. The bacteriocin 163-1 was highly thermostable and stability over a broad pH range (pH 3-6), sensitive to protease K and pepsin, and exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity not only against lactic acid bacteria (LAB) but also against other foodborne pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocin 163-1 could disrupt the cell membrane of bacteria. The observations of the transmission electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy on the cell membrane of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed that bacteriocin 163-1 could result in forming pores on the cell membrane and then cytolysis of the bacteria. The new bacteriocin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity will be useful in preservation of vegetable, fruit and food as well agricultural bio-controlling.
Socioeconomic Analysis of Rural Credit and Technical Assistance for Family Farmers in the Transamazonian Territory, in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Paula Filho Galdino Xavier de , Calvi Miquéias Freitas , Castro Roberta Rowsy Amorim de
Published: September 2016

In Brazil, Rural Credit and Technical Assistance policies for family farming were formulated with the goal of promoting rural development in a sustainable and integrated manner. This study is the result of the Monitoring and assessment of public policies for territory management in the Pará Amazon project, undertaken by the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), aimed to evaluate the main socioeconomic impacts and limitations for the execution of these policies in the Transamazonian Territory. It is characterized as qualitative and exploratory, developed from bibliographic research and field research, based on data obtained through interviews conducted with 22 families of farmers who are beneficiaries of Rural Credit, the B modality of the National Programme for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) and of the Technical Assistance Policy, whose sample corresponds to 10% of total contracts made effective within that Territory, between the years of 2013 and 2014. In addition to these farmers, for the analysis of the Technical Assistance service, interviews were conducted with extension workers from eight organizations, one of which is a state public company and seven of which are outsourced companies hired by the Federal Government to provide this service. The descriptive analysis shows that PRONAF B focuses on areas that produce short cycle food crops and on fishing activities. The technical assistance service provided by the public company is carried out in all the cities within the Territory, but only meets 10% of the demand; the service provided by the outsourced companies also occurs in all cities and its greatest setback is the delay in the release of funds by the Federal Government, which generates delays in the agricultural calendar and discontinuity in the productive activities, due to the end of the term of the companies’ contracts.
Influence of Seed Storage Techniques on Germinability and Storability of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp)
Authors: Bortey Hillary Mireku , Sadia Alimatu Osuman , Asibuo James Yaw
Published: September 2016

This study was set to investigate the germinability and storability of the newly released cowpea genotypes and secondly the influence of different storage materials under ambient storage condition on seed vigour and germination over time. The experiment was laid in a Split-split plot design with four replicates. The main plot was duration (0, 30, 60 and 90 days), while Storage material (polyethylene bag, cotton bag and glass container) was sub plot and the four cowpea genotypes were sub-sub plot. Results from the study showed that irrespective of the cowpea genotypes and storage material used, percentage vigour and germination were significantly affected with time in storage. Seeds stored in cotton bags had the least percentage vigour (57%) and germination (65%) while the highest was recorded for seeds stored in air-tight glass containers. Among all the cowpea genotypes studied, Hewale was found to have poor storage abilities. For better storage of cowpea seeds for a period exceeding 3 months, it is preferable to use glass containers or black polyethylene bags even under ambient condition to maintain seed vigour and germinability.
Using an “Index of Merit” to Evaluate Winterhardy Pea Lines
Authors: Homer Azize , Groose Robin W.
Published: September 2016

Winter feed pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense) might serve as a partial or complete replacement for fallow in the winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF) system with potential to integrate cereal and livestock production in the Central Great Plains (CGP). The objective of this study was to evaluate advanced winter pea lines bred in the Wyoming environment in comparison with existing winter feed pea cultivars that were bred elsewhere. Six elite lines, one a blend of two lines, and three check cultivars were compared for overall merit, based on yield for forage and seed, and in two different production systems, dryland and irrigated, and at two locations (Lingle WY and Laramie WY) during the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons. Indices of merit, calculated in two ways: a mean-adjusted index and a standardized index, were used to simultaneously evaluate lines/cultivars for forage and seed yield. Based on the results from both indices, five Wyoming-bred elite lines (one a blend of two lines) ranked in the top five lines of 10 lines/cultivars tested. Importantly, three Wyoming-bred lines (Wyo#11, Wyo#11 +Wyo#13, and Wyo#13) all ranked significantly higher for overall merit than any existing winter feed pea cultivar tested in this study: ‘Common’, ‘Specter’ and ‘Windham’. Because four measures of merit in the both indices are positively correlated no serious compromises or “trade-offs” are manifested among these four traits. This research shows that winter pea has potential value for forage and seed yield, mostly depending on growing season precipitation in the CGP.
Efficient Gene Transfer into Chicken Gonads by Combining Transposons with Polyethylenimine
Authors: Wang Saisai , Wang Yali , Shen Dan , Zhang Li , Xue Songlei , Cui Hengmi , Song Chengyi , Gao Bo
Published: September 2016

Transposon mediated transfection is a promising, safe, and convenient way to generate transgenic chicken compared with virus-mediated technology and the in vitro modification of primordial germ cells (PGCs). To establish a simple method for in vivo transfection of chicken PGCs, we applied four different transposon systems (PB, SB, Tol2, and ZB) to investigate the gene transfer efficiency of chicken gonads via direct injection of a mixture of transposon and transposase plasmids and transfection reagent (polyethylenimine, PEI) into the subgerminal cavity of Hamburger and Hamilton stage 2-3 chick embryos. We also compared the effect of the amount of plasmids injected on the gene transfer efficiency of chicken gonads. We found that over 70% of the gonads were green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive across all four transposon groups, and that the proportion of GFP-positive gonads was not significantly different between different transposons. Some GFP positive cells in gonads were confirmed as germ cells by co-labeling with the germ cell specific antibody. We also found that the proportions of GFP-positive gonads decreased significantly with a decrease of plasmid dose from 100 ng to 20 or 50 ng. Here we revealed that a combination of transposons with PEI is a simple and efficient method for gene transfer into chicken gonads and able to transfect PGCs in vivo that could be used for the production of transgenic chickens.
Paus Benedictus XVI: onvermoed rechtsfilosoof?
Authors: Steenvoorde Richard
Published: September 2016

Pope Benedict XVI: an unexpected legal philosopher?

During his pontificate pope Benedict XVI held five important speeches on democracy and law. In a new study, edited by Marta Cartabia and Andrea Simonici, it is argued that these speeches constitute a papal legal philosophy on the foundation of law. This book review explores that claim. Did emeritus pope Benedict XVI have a distinctive legal philosophy? May be, but the material covered in the book might not be enough to fully support the status of pope Benedict XVI as a legal philosopher. What is needed is a more integral study that includes other papal statements on the principles of law (for instance to the Roman Rota) on the one hand, and the work of the theologian Joseph cardinal Ratzinger before he became pope Benedict XVI on the other hand.
Conservatisme onder Nederlandse evangelische christenen: een hedendaagse ‘religion gap’?
Authors: Vermeer Paul , Scheepers Peer , Kregting Joris
Published: September 2016

Conservatism among Dutch evangelical christians: A present-day ‘religion gap’?

Following the earlier work of the Dutch political scientist Middendorp on conservative views among the Dutch population, this study tries to find out if there is still a relationship between conservatism and religion. Earlier research revealed that also church members became less conservative over time and that the gap between church members and non-church members is closing in this respect. Only orthodox Christians continued to hold more conservative views over time. A distinction which still exists today as the results of this study among evangelical Christians show. This group of orthodox Christians distinguishes itself from both mainline Christians and the secular Dutch not so much by having a conservative outlook on economic matters, but by upholding conservative views in pro life issues.
Educação profissional técnica de nível médio, currículo e tecnologias: o que dizem as diretrizes curriculares nacionais?
Authors: Silva Maria da Graça Moreira da , Amaral Maria Lucia Soares do , Almeida Fernando José de
Published: September 2016

Este artigo reflete e analisa o currculo da educao profissional tcnica de nvel mdio, as polticas pblicas educacionais brasileiras e as tecnologias da informao e comunicao. Compreende as tenses e contradies da formao integral do homem proposta para este segmento e versa sobre as tecnologias como um direito humano, defendendo a necessidade de sua integrao ao currculo para oportunizar a participao e o protagonismo do aluno na cultura contempornea. Tal direito se manifesta pelo uso consciente, crtico e competente das tecnologias da informao e da comunicao como cultura e como linguagem. A pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa e parte da anlise documental das diretrizes curriculares nacionais para identificar os pressupostos de uso e de apropriao das tecnologias ao currculo que contribuam para alicerar os conceitos e objetivos na elaborao dos projetos pedaggicos e humanizantes do curso tcnico integrado ao ensino mdio.
Role of the Medical Examiner in Zika Virus and Other Emerging Infections
Authors: Singh Veena D. , Lathrop Sarah L.
Published: September 2016

Context.—Medical examiners and coroners have long been an integral component of public health, often being the first to recognize and describe emerging infectious diseases. Given their experience and access, medical examiners and coroners will provide valuable contributions to better understanding Zika virus infection and its sequelae.

Objective.—To review past examples of medical examiner/coroner involvement in recognition of emerging infectious diseases and describe how medical examiners and coroners will be critical in understanding the pathophysiology of Zika infections.

Design.—Review of the existing literature on the role of medical examiners and coroners in the identification of emergent infections and the available literature on Zika virus.

Results.—Medical examiners and coroners have played a crucial role in identifying numerous emerging infectious diseases such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and West Nile virus, and have the expertise and experience to aid in elucidating the pathophysiologic effects of Zika virus and tracking its distribution and risk factors.

Conclusions.—Medical examiners and coroners will be a significant factor in the unified public health approach needed to mitigate the effects of Zika virus and other, heretofore unrecognized, infectious diseases.
O ensino fundamental de nove anos e a organização curricular para os anos iniciais no Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Pereira Meira Chaves
Published: September 2016

Neste trabalho se discute o ensino fundamental de nove anos e a organização escolar para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental no Brasil. Trata-se de uma reflexão crítica por meio de literatura especializada organizada em três seções. A primeira considera a idade que integra o ensino fundamental a partir da legislação brasileira. Na segunda, analisamos a criança de seis anos no ensino fundamental e a necessária sensibilidade no desenvolvimento de seus saberes e fazeres e, em seguida construímos algumas considerações sobre a organização do currículo para o ensino fundamental de nove anos. O estudo aponta que quanto mais cedo se faz a incursão da criança nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, não se pode perder de vista a especificidade da infância em seus tempos, espaços e possibilidades.Palavras-chave: ensino fundamental de nove anos, organização curricular, anos iniciais.
Analyticpos: ferramenta para análise do perfil acadêmico dos cursos de pós-graduação no Instituto Federal Catarinense - campus de Videira
Authors: Rossi Leila Lisiane , Moro Senko Luiz Gustavo , Rigo Wanderson , Boesing Jeferson José Schneider
Published: September 2016

Neste texto apresenta-se a ferramenta AnalyticPos, desenvolvida em um projeto de pesquisa em andamento e que tem como objetivo permitir a análise multidimensional dos dados dos estudantes dos cursos de pós-graduação do Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC - campus de Videira. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida usando software livre, conforme recomendações do governo federal, e tem como propósito auxiliar os coordenadores na tomada de decisão e na adoção de políticas educacionais para os cursos. O módulo de pós-graduação foi desenvolvido como continuidade de outro projeto, cujo objetivo foi o de avaliar os cursos superiores do IFC - campus de Videira por meio de uma ferramenta similar.Palavras-chave: data webhouse, mineração de dados, educação.
Programa nacional de capacitação de conselheiros municipais de educação no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: impactos e perspectivas à gestão educacional
Authors: Dalla Corte Marilene Gabriel , Mello Andrelisa Goulart de , Teixeira Marina Lara Silva dos Santos , Silva Francine Mendonça da
Published: September 2016

Este texto relaciona-se ao Programa Nacional de Capacitação de Conselheiros Municipais de Educação - Pró-Conselho -, considerado uma das ações de consecução da política de democratização da gestão educacional no Brasil. Analisa-se os impactos e as perspectivas da formação continuada desenvolvida pelo Pró-Conselho, relacionadas com a atuação dos conselheiros municipais de educação na Região da Amcentro/RS. Como principais resultados identificou-se o fortalecimento dos conselhos municipais de educação como instâncias de sistema de ensino, tendo por base a reflexão acerca dos fundamentos das políticas públicas e gestão educacional; reativação ou rearticulação de conselhos de educação já existentes; criação de sistemas municipais de ensino; fortalecimento de rede compartilhada virtual na gestão educacional municipal. Tais impactos e perspectivas reverberam na necessária compreensão e na realização de um trabalho educativo coletivo e compartilhado que considera que as políticas públicas educacionais precisam ser delineadas, articuladas e implantadas na lógica da qualificação e interdependência na gestão educacional municipal.Palavras-chave: conselho municipal de educação, formação continuada, políticas públicas, gestão educacional.
Gestão escolar democrática: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Boschetti Vania Regina , Mota Assislene Barros , Abreu Dayse Lúcide Freitas de
Published: September 2016

O texto traz uma reflexão acerca dos desafios e perspectivas da gestão escolar democrática, evidenciando seus aportes legais e normativos em consonância com seus eixos norteadores. Para tanto, optamos em fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, ou seja, leituras e releituras sobre leis e autores que desenvolvem trabalhos na área da gestão educacional, para que este venha servir de fundamentação teórica para outros estudos congêneres.Palavras-chave: gestão escolar democrática, aportes legais, eixos norteadores.
Schwannoma of the upper lip
Authors: Curra Marina , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Romanini Juliana , Carrard Vinicius Coelho , Martins Manoela Domingues
Published: September 2016

Schwannoma is a benign tumor of neural origin. This condition is uncommon in the upper lip. The aim the present study was to perform an analysis of lip lesions at an oral pathology laboratory to determine the frequency of schwannoma of the upper lip and perform a literature review to correlate with the cases of this study. A retrospective analysis was performed at the oral pathology laboratory and the histopathological records from 1946 to 2012 were retrieved and organized in a database. Cases of schwannoma of the upper lip were identified and analyzed. Moreover, a literature review was performed on schwannomas found in this same anatomic site. In this period, 1195 lip lesions were diagnosed, among which four were cases of schwannoma on the upper lip (0,33%). Of these, 3 cases were in women; the mean age of patients was 45 years old. In all cases the clinical diagnosis hypothesis involved reactive lesion or benign neoplasm.The final diagnosis of schwannoma was obtained following the histopathological examination of the surgical specimens. This study emphasizes the low frequency of schwannoma in the upper lip and the importance of histological evaluation to define the final diagnosis which usually represents unexpected outcomes.
Hepatitis C infection
Authors: Kanno Cláudia Misue , Castro Alvimar Lima de , Crivelini Marcelo Macedo
Published: September 2016

Hepatitis C is associated with autoimmune diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extrahepatic manifestations that, in conjunction, may seriously compromise the patient’s quality of life. We herein describe a case of chronic hepatitis C with oral manifestations and discuss some implications for diagnosis and treatment. A 63-year-old woman complaining of spontaneous bleeding of the oral mucosa presented with bilateral asymmetric ulcers surrounded by white papules and striae on the buccal mucosa. Her medical history revealed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and skin lesions associated with chronic hepatitis C. Propranolol and ranitidine had recently been prescribed. Lichen planus, lichenoid reaction, and erythema multiforme were considered in the differential diagnosis. Histopathological analysis revealed lymphocytic infiltrate in a lichenoid pattern. The lesions partially healed after 1 week and completely regressed after 6 months, despite the maintenance of all medicaions; no recurrence was observed. The final diagnosis was oral lichen planus associated with hepatitis C. Chronic hepatitis C may present oral manifestations, which demand adjustments in dental treatment planning. Medication side effects may interfere with the clinical presentation and course of the disease and should be accounted for in the differential diagnosis. The possibility of spontaneous remission of oral lichen planus should always be considered, especially when putative etiological factors of a lichenoid lesion are withdrawn in an attempt to differentiate oral lichen planus from lichenoid lesions. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C as a cause of increased morbidity.
Paracoccidioidomycosis prevalence in a public laboratory of the Brazilian unified health system
Authors: Carvalhosa Artur Aburad de , Borges Fabiano Tonaco , França Diurianne Caroline Campos , Queiroz Raíssa Rezende , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: September 2016

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal disease with oral manifestations that is the most prevalent in Latin America.The purpose of this cross-sectional epidemiological study was to examine the prevalence of PCM in the Public Laboratory (MT Laboratory) of the Brazilian Unified Health System in Mato Grosso. The following data from 3670 cytological and histopathological reports of oral lesions issued by the MT Laboratory over a 4-year (2004–2008) period were analyzed: diagnostic method (oral exfoliative cytology or biopsy), diagnosis by year, origin of cases (urban or rural), and patient gender and age. In the assessment period, 96 cases (2.6%) of PCM were diagnosed. Most cases originated from rural areas (94%), and PCM was the most prevalent in men (97.9%) and in the fifth decade of life (35.4%). These results show that Mato Grosso had a considerable number of PCM cases over a small period, suggesting that this state is an endemic region for PCM in Brazil.
Supporting Novice Teachers in Leading Discussions That Reach a Mathematical Point: Defining and Clarifying Mathematical Ideas
Authors: Baldinger Erin E. , Selling Sarah Kate , Virmani Rajeev
Published: September 2016

Leading a whole-class mathematics discussion is complex work. The teacher must attend to and respond to student thinking while continually keeping the mathematical goals of the discussion in mind. This work is especially challenging for novice teachers who are just learning to facilitate classroom talk. We present a new sortingtask instructional activity designed to support novice secondary teachers in steering a discussion toward a mathematical point while eliciting and making use of student thinking. We describe our efforts to support novice teachers through learning about, rehearsing, enacting, and reflecting on this sorting task. We document the impact of these supports for the novice teachers, and share ways that other teacher educators can take up this structure.
A STUDY OF TRADITIONAL MORTUARY PRACTICES OF THE JAINTIAS OF MEGHALAYA, INDIA
Authors: Meitei Akoijam Milan , Marak Queenbala
Published: September 2016

The uses of megaliths have been mentioned as many since the Neolithic period. Some of its uses are still in practice in some living communities today. The use of such stones in burial practices is one of its most identifiable continual traits. This paper discusses the traditional mortuary practices of the tribal Jaintias of Meghalaya, India. It compares the mortuary practices prevalent among the Jaintias living in two different geographical locations within the Jaintia Hills District, but at a distance of 36 kms from each other.Jaintias are one of the tribes of northeast India who practice the megalithic traditions in various ways like commemorative, burial, ceremonial etc. Stones like menhir, dolmen, cist, capstones etc. are found in different locations in Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India. Among these stones, deposition of the deceased’s bones in cist burials is one of the main practices which continue till today. In this paper we will discuss the different practices connected to these cist burials, the reasons thereof, and the changes that have taken place. While comparing the practices prevalent in two locations (inhabited by the same people) we conclude that spatial distance within the same group also aids in an intra-group difference. Keywords: megalith, mortuary practices, Jaintias, Niamtre, Christianity.
Planar cold cathode based on a multilayer-graphene/SiO2/Si heterodevice
Authors: Nishiguchi Katsuhiko , Yoshizumi Daisuke , Sekine Yoshiaki , Furukawa Kazuaki , Fujiwara Akira , Nagase Masao
Published: September 2016

We have fabricated a planar cold cathode based on a multilayer (ML)-graphene/SiO2/Si heterostructure. When voltage is applied between the ML graphene and Si layer, electrons tunnel from the Si layer to the ML-graphene through the SiO2. During this tunneling event, electrons repeatedly gain and lose energy in the SiO2 owing to the electric field and scattering, respectively. Electrons whose energy is larger than the work function of the ML-graphene are emitted from its surface to a vacuum. The thinness of the ML-graphene reduces the energy loss of electrons in it and thus improves electron emission characteristics.
Ultrathin flexible memory devices based on organic ferroelectric transistors
Authors: Sugano Ryo , Hirai Yoshinori , Tashiro Tomoya , Sekine Tomohito , Fukuda Kenjiro , Kumaki Daisuke , Domingues dos Santos Fabrice , Miyabo Atsushi , Tokito Shizuo
Published: September 2016

Here, we demonstrate ultrathin, flexible nonvolatile memory devices with excellent durability under compressive strain. Ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors (FeFETs) employing organic semiconductor and polymer ferroelectric layers are fabricated on a 1-µm-thick plastic film substrate. The FeFETs are characterized by measuring their transfer characteristics, programming time, and data retention time. The data retention time is almost unchanged even when a 50% compressive strain is applied to the devices. To clarify the origin of the excellent durability of the devices against compressive strain, an intermediate plane is calculated. From the calculation result, the intermediate plane is placed close to the channel region of the FeFETs. The high flexibility of the ferroelectric polymer and ultrathin device structure contributes to achieving a bending radius of 0.8 µm without the degradation of memory characteristics.
The mitogen‐activated protein kinase Slt2 modulates arsenite transport through the aquaglyceroporin Fps1
Authors: Ahmadpour Doryaneh , Maciaszczyk‐Dziubinska Ewa , Babazadeh Roja , Dahal Sita , Migocka Magdalena , Andersson Mikael , Wysocki Robert , Tamás Markus J. , Hohmann Stefan
Published: September 2016

Arsenite is widely present in nature; therefore, cells have evolved mechanisms to prevent arsenite influx and promote efflux. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the aquaglyceroporin Fps1 mediates arsenite influx and efflux. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) Hog1 has previously been shown to restrict arsenite influx through Fps1. In this study, we show that another MAPK, Slt2, is transiently phosphorylated in response to arsenite influx. Our findings indicate that the protein kinase activity of Slt2 is required for its role in arsenite tolerance. While Hog1 prevents arsenite influx via phosphorylation of T231 at the N‐terminal domain of Fps1, Slt2 promotes arsenite efflux through phosphorylation of S537 at the C terminus. Our data suggest that Slt2 physically interacts with Fps1 and that this interaction depends on phosphorylation of S537. We hypothesize that Hog1 and Slt2 may affect each other's binding to Fps1, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the channel.
A subsequent positive stroke developing in the channel of preceding negative stroke and containing bipolar continuing current
Authors: Zhu Y. , Rakov V. A. , Tran M. D. , Lu W.
Published: September 2016

A bipolar cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash was observed to exhibit two types of polarity reversal associated with the first two strokes separated by a not unduly long time interval of 70 ms. The first stroke was negative and had a peak current of −101 kA. The second stroke was positive, had a peak current of 16 kA and was followed by a 122 ms long bipolar continuing current. The first two strokes, including the bipolar continuing current, occurred in the same channel to ground, whose imaged 2‐D length was 4.2 km. The occurrence of positive stroke in the negative‐stroke channel is highly unusual. The 2‐D speed versus height profiles for the negative stepped leader of the first stroke and, for the first time, for the positive leader in the previously conditioned, first‐stroke channel were examined and the average speeds were found to be 4.7 × 105 m/s and 7.2 × 105 m/s, respectively.
Subduction geometry beneath south central Alaska and its relationship to volcanism
Authors: Martin‐Short Robert , Allen Richard M. , Bastow Ian D.
Published: September 2016

The southern Alaskan margin captures a transition between compression and strike‐slip‐dominated deformation, accretion of the overthickened Yakutat terrane, termination of Aleutian arc magmatism, and the enigmatic Wrangell Volcanic Field. The extent of subduction and mantle structure below this region is uncertain, with important implications for volcanism. We present compressional and shear wave mantle velocity models below south central Alaska that leverage a new seismometer deployment to produce the most complete image of the subducting Pacific‐Yakutat plate to date. We image a steeply dipping slab extending below central Alaska to >400 km depth, which abruptly terminates east of ~145°W. There is no significant slab anomaly beneath the nearby Wrangell volcanoes. A paucity of volcanism is observed above the subducting Yakutat terrane, but the slab structure below 150 km depth and Wadati‐Benioff zone here are similar to those along the Aleutian‐Alaska arc. Features of the mantle wedge or overlying lithosphere are thus responsible for the volcanic gap.
Bayesian hindcast of acoustic transmission loss in the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Palmsten Margaret , Paquin Fabre J.
Published: September 2016

A Bayesian network is developed to demonstrate the feasibility of using environmental acoustic feature vectors (EAFVs) to predict underwater acoustic transmission loss (TL) versus range at two locations for a single acoustic source depth and frequency. Features for the networks are chosen based on a sensitivity analysis. The final network design resulted in a well‐trained network, with high skill, little gain error, and low bias. The capability presented here shows promise for expansion to a more generalized approach, which could be applied at varying locations, depths and frequencies to estimate acoustic performance over a highly variable oceanographic area in real‐time or near‐real‐time.
Disaggregation of remotely sensed land surface temperature: A new dynamic methodology
Authors: Zhan Wenfeng , Huang Fan , Quan Jinling , Zhu Xiaolin , Gao Lun , Zhou Ji , Ju Weimin
Published: September 2016

The trade‐off between the spatial and temporal resolutions of satellite‐derived land surface temperature (LST) gives birth to disaggregation of LST (DLST). However, the concurrent enhancement of the spatiotemporal resolutions of LST remains difficult, and many studies disregard the conservation of thermal radiance between predisaggregated and postdisaggregated LSTs. Here we propose a new dynamic methodology to enhance concurrently the spatiotemporal resolutions of satellite‐derived LSTs. This methodology conducts DLST by the controlling parameters of the temperature cycle models, i.e., the diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) model and annual temperature cycle (ATC) model, rather than directly by the LST. To achieve the conservation of thermal radiance between predisaggregated and postdisaggregated LSTs, herein we incorporate a modulation procedure that adds temporal thermal details to coarse resolution LSTs rather than straightforwardly transforms fine‐resolution scaling factors into LSTs. Indirect validations at the same resolution show that the mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted and reference LSTs is around 1.0 K during a DTC; the associated MAE is around 2.0 K during an ATC, but this relatively lower accuracy is due more to the uncertainty of the ATC model. The upscaling validations indicate that the MAE is around 1.0 K and the normalized mean absolute error is around 0.3. Comparisons between the DTC‐ and ATC‐based DLST illustrate that the former retains a higher accuracy, but the latter holds a higher flexibility on days when background low‐resolution LSTs are unavailable. This methodology alters the static DLST into a dynamic way, and it is able to provide temporally continuous fine‐resolution LSTs; it will also promote the design of DLST methods for the generation of high‐quality LSTs.
Seasonal transition of precipitation characteristics associated with land surface conditions in and around Bangladesh
Authors: Ono M. , Takahashi H. G.
Published: September 2016

This study examined the seasonal transition of precipitation characteristics and its association with land surface conditions in and around Bangladesh, where land surface conditions are predominantly wet. Hourly rain rate data from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Microwave‐Infrared Combined Product and 10 day soil moisture data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System were used over the 7 years from 2003 to 2009. Area mean values of soil moisture, and precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity were calculated for each 10 day period. Results showed that higher precipitation amount and frequency were observed over the wet soil conditions, which indicates that soil moisture was influenced by previous precipitation events. However, the soil moisture could also control the precipitation characteristics. The seasonal and interannual variations in all regions suggested that precipitation amount and frequency increased in moist soil conditions, which is associated with an increase of water vapor supplied from the moist land surface. Over a flat plain (87°E–91°E, 23°N–25°N), a higher afternoon precipitation intensity was observed over drier land surfaces. This relationship was observed on seasonal and interannual variations. This suggests that the land surface conditions in this region can affect the afternoon precipitation intensity to some extent, although changes of atmospheric conditions can be a major factor particularly for the seasonal changes. However, this relationship was not observed in mountainous regions. This can be explained by other factors, such as thermally induced local circulations by the surrounding topography, being stronger than the impact of land surface conditions.
Validation of MODIS cloud mask and multilayer flag using CloudSat‐CALIPSO cloud profiles and a cross‐reference of their cloud classifications
Authors: Wang Tao , Fetzer Eric J. , Wong Sun , Kahn Brian H. , Yue Qing
Published: September 2016

Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 cloud observations (MYD06) at 1 km are collocated with daytime CloudSat‐Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) (C‐C) cloud vertical structures (2B‐CLDCLASS‐LIDAR). For 2007–2010, over 267 million C‐C cloud profiles are used to (1) validate MODIS cloud mask and cloud multilayer flag and (2) cross‐reference between C‐C cloud types and MODIS cloud regimes defined by joint histograms of cloud top pressure (CTP) and cloud optical depth (τ). Globally, of total observations, C‐C reports 27.1% clear and 72.9% cloudy, whereas MODIS reports 30.0% confidently clear and 58.7% confidently cloudy, with the rest 7.1% as probably clear and 4.2% as probably cloudy. Agreement between MODIS and C‐C is 77.8%, with 20.9% showing both clear and 56.9% showing both cloudy. The 9.1% of observations are clear in MODIS but cloudy in C‐C, indicating clouds missed by MODIS; 1.8% of observations are cloudy in MODIS but clear in C‐C, likely due to aerosol/dust or surface snow layers misidentified by MODIS. C‐C reports 47.4/25.5% single‐layer/multilayer clouds, while MODIS reports 26.7/14.0%. For C‐C single‐layer clouds, ~90% of tropical MODIS high (CTP < 440 hPa) and optically thin (τ < 3.6) clouds are identified as cirrus and ~60% of high and optically thick (τ > 23) clouds are recognized as deep convective in C‐C. Approximately 70% of MODIS low‐level (CTP > 680 hPa) clouds are classified as stratocumulus in C‐C regardless of region and optical thickness. No systematic relationship exists between MODIS middle‐level (680 < CTP < 440 hPa) clouds and C‐C cloud types, largely due to different definitions adopted.
The Dinaric fault system: Large‐scale structure, rates of slip, and Plio‐Pleistocene evolution of the transpressive northeastern boundary of the Adria microplate
Authors: Moulin Adrien , Benedetti Lucilla , Rizza Magali , Jamšek Rupnik Petra , Gosar Andrej , Bourlès Didier , Keddadouche Karim , Aumaître Georges , Arnold Maurice , Guillou Valery , Ritz Jean‐François
Published: September 2016

Located at the northeastern corner of the Adria microplate, the Alps‐Dinarides junction represents a key region for understanding how the Adria microplate interacts with stable Europe. However, little is known on how the present‐day deformation imposed by the rotation of the Adria microplate is absorbed across the Dinarides. Using morphotectonic analysis based on satellite and aerial images, accurate topographical maps, and digital elevation models combined with field investigations, we mapped in detail the three main active faults of the Northern Dinarides. Geomorphic and geological cumulative displacements ranging from a few meters to several kilometers have been identified on those faults and dated for the most recent ones using 36Cl exposure dating. Those results yielded a total right‐lateral motion of 3.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr oriented N317. Comparing our results with the motion expected from Adria rotation models suggests that the Northern Dinarides absorbs most of the predicted Adria‐Eurasia motion, thus representing the eastern boundary of the microplate. However, a significant E‐W component is lacking, suggesting that part of the stress imposed by the microplate rotation is transferred farther to the east. Finally, bounds placed on the Plio‐Pleistocene kinematics confirm that faulting onset occurred during the Early Pliocene and evidence a significant kinematic change at the Early/Middle Pleistocene boundary.
Versatile Prodrug Nanoparticles for Acid‐Triggered Precise Imaging and Organelle‐Specific Combination Cancer Therapy
Authors: Feng Bing , Zhou Fangyuan , Xu Zhiai , Wang Tingting , Wang Dangge , Liu Jianping , Fu Yuanlei , Yin Qi , Zhang Zhiwen , Yu Haijun , Li Yaping
Published: September 2016

Integration of chemotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been emerging as a novel strategy for treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the clinical translation of this approach is hindered by the unwanted dark toxicity due to the “always‐on” model and low tumor specificity of currently approved photosensitizer (PS). Here, the design of a multifunctional prodrug nanoparticle (NP) is described for precise imaging and organelle‐specific combination cancer therapy. The prodrug NP is composed of a newly synthesized oxaliplatin prodrug, hexadecyl‐oxaliplatin‐trimethyleneamine (HOT), an acid‐activatable PS, derivative of Chlorin e6 (AC), and functionalized with a targeting ligand iRGD for tumor homing and penetration. HOT displays much higher antitumor efficiency than oxaliplatin by simultaneously inducing mitochondria depolarizing and DNA cross‐linking. AC is specifically activated in the orthotopic or metastatic TNBC tumor for fluorescence imaging and PDT, while it remains inert in blood circulation to minimize the dark toxicity. Under the guide of acid‐activatable fluorescence imaging, PDT and chemotherapy can be synergistically performed for highly efficient regression of TNBC. Taken together, this versatile prodrug nanoplatform could achieve tumor‐specific imaging and organelle‐specific combination therapy, which can provide an alternative option for cancer theranostic.
Selective Functionalization of Microstructured Surfaces by Laser‐Assisted Particle Transfer
Authors: von Bojnicic‐Kninski Clemens , Bykovskaya Valentina , Maerkle Frieder , Popov Roman , Palermo Andrea , Mattes Daniela S. , Weber Laura K. , Ridder Barbara , Foertsch Tobias C. , Welle Alexander , Loeffler Felix F. , Breitling Frank , Nesterov‐Mueller Alexander
Published: September 2016

Microcavity arrays represent millions of different reaction compartments to screen, for example, molecular interactions, exogenous factors for cells or enzymatic activity. A novel method is presented to selectively synthesize different compounds in arrays of microcavities with up to 1 000 000 cavities per cm2. In this approach, polymer microparticles with embedded pre‐activated monomers are selectively transferred into microcavities with laser radiation. After particle patterning, heating of the particle matrix simultaneously leads to diffusion and coupling of the monomers inside each microcavity separately. This method exhibits flexibility, not only in the choice of compounds, but also in the choice of particle matrix material, which determines the chemical reaction environment. The laser‐assisted selective functionalization of microcavities can be easily combined with the intensively growing number of laser applications for patterning of molecules and cells, which is useful for the development of novel biological assays.
Malformations of the middle and inner ear on CT imaging in 22q11 deletion syndrome
Authors: Loos Elke , Verhaert Nicolas , Willaert Annelore , Devriendt Koenraad , Swillen Ann , Hermans Robert , Op de Beeck Katya , Hens Greet
Published: September 2016

The 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most frequent microdeletion syndrome in humans, presents with a large variety of abnormalities. A common abnormality is hearing impairment. The exact pathophysiological explanation of the observed hearing loss remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the middle and inner ear malformations as seen on computer tomographic imaging in patients with 22q11DS. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 11 22q11DS patients who had undergone a CT of the temporal bone in the past. Of the 22 examined ears, two showed an abnormal malleus and incus, 10 presented with a dense stapes superstructure, and three ears had an abnormal orientation of the stapes. With regard to the inner ear, 12 ears showed an incomplete partition type II with a normal vestibular aqueduct. In four ears the vestibule and lateral semicircular canal were composed of a single cavity, in 14 ears the vestibule was too wide, and three ears had a broadened lateral semicircular canal. These findings suggest that malformations of the stapes, cochlea, vestibule, and lateral semicircular canal are frequent in 22q11DS. To our knowledge, the current study involves the largest case series describing middle and inner ear malformations in 22q11DS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequence variation in folate pathway genes and risks of human cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: Marini Nicholas J. , Yang Wei , Asrani Kripa , Witte John S. , Rine Jasper , Lammer Edward J. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: September 2016

In an effort to comprehensively interrogate genetic variation in the folate pathway for risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), we evaluated 504 common and rare variants in 35 folate‐related genes in a panel of 330 infants with CLP and 367 non‐malformed controls. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were computed for common genotypes. A Case‐Control Difference metric was calculated for rare variants to highlight differentially occurring alleles. Interactions between variants and a maternal folate intake variable were also evaluated. In gene‐only results, significant odds ratios were observed for multiple variants in the BHMT/BHMT2/DMGDH gene cluster, particularly in Hispanic infants. Also in this cluster, rare variant analysis highlighted a substantial case‐control difference in BHMT rs60340837 (synonymous Y284Y). In Hispanics, the ALDH1L1 I812V variant (rs4646750) was the most significant risk allele: OR = 3.8 (95%CI = 1.6–9.2) when heterozygous. In non‐Hispanic white infants, we observed significant risk for AHCYL2 rs1095423 (homozygous OR = 3.0, 95%CI 1.1–7.8) and the 68 bp CBS insertion (c.844ins68; heterozygous OR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.1–5.3). Rare variant analysis in this group revealed case‐control differences in MTRR and several other methionine cycle genes, a process implicated previously in clefting risk. In women with low folate intake specifically, increased risks were observed for CBS rs2851391 (OR = 3.6, 95%CI = 1.3–9.6) and the R259P nonsynonymous variant of TCN2 (rs1801198; OR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.2–6.3). This comprehensive study provides further direction on candidate loci to help disentangle the folate‐related developmental phenomena in human clefting risk. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and molecular findings in 39 patients with KBG syndrome caused by deletion or mutation of ANKRD11
Authors: Goldenberg Alice , Riccardi Florence , Tessier Aude , Pfundt Rolph , Busa Tiffany , Cacciagli Pierre , Capri Yline , Coutton Charles , Delahaye‐Duriez Andree , Frebourg Thierry , Gatinois Vincent , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Genevieve David , Lecoquierre Francois , Jacquette Aurélia , Khau Van Kien Philippe , Leheup Bruno , Marlin Sandrine , Verloes Alain , Michaud Vincent , Nadeau Gwenael , Mignot Cyril , Parent Philippe , Rossi Massimiliano , Toutain Annick , Schaefer Elise , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Van Maldergem Lionel , Thevenon Julien , Satre Véronique , Perrin Laurence , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Sorlin Arthur , Missirian Chantal , Villard Laurent , Mancini Julien , Saugier‐Veber Pascale , Philip Nicole
Published: September 2016

KBG syndrome, due to ANKRD11 alteration is characterized by developmental delay, short stature, dysmorphic facial features, and skeletal anomalies. We report a clinical and molecular study of 39 patients affected by KBG syndrome. Among them, 19 were diagnosed after the detection of a 16q24.3 deletion encompassing the ANKRD11 gene by array CGH. In the 20 remaining patients, the clinical suspicion was confirmed by the identification of an ANKRD11 mutation by direct sequencing. We present arguments to modulate the previously reported diagnostic criteria. Macrodontia should no longer be considered a mandatory feature. KBG syndrome is compatible with autonomous life in adulthood. Autism is less frequent than previously reported. We also describe new clinical findings with a potential impact on the follow‐up of patients, such as precocious puberty and a case of malignancy. Most deletions remove the 5'end or the entire coding region but never extend toward 16q telomere suggesting that distal 16q deletion could be lethal. Although ANKRD11 appears to be a major gene associated with intellectual disability, KBG syndrome remains under‐diagnosed. NGS‐based approaches for sequencing will improve the detection of point mutations in this gene. Broad knowledge of the clinical phenotype is essential for a correct interpretation of the molecular results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.