bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABATEMENT OF ANTICANCER DRUGS VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESS: A REVIEW
Authors: SIVODIA CHARULATA , SINHA ALOK
Published: July 2020

The advancement made in biomedical industry upsurges the consumption rate of pharmaceutical drugs. The lack of proper monitoring and regulation methods leads to the unregulated discharge of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, where it can affect the aquatic organisms. Anticancer drugs are also known as cytostatic drugs mainly used for the treatment of cancer by disrupting the cell function and prevent multiplication of cancerous cell. Therefore, anticancer drugs are suspected to pose potential risk on environment by influencing mutagenic effects on the cells of aquatic organisms. An extensive research has been already made in the field of pharmaceutical removal, however their application on the removal of anticancer drugs is limited. This review paper elucidates about different electrochemical techniques for the mitigation of cytostatic drugs.
The Need for Post-Conflict Rehabilitation: A Psycho-social Approach towards Curbing Extremism in Pakistan
Authors: Mustansar Mahrukh
Published: July 2020

Violent extremism (VE) has emerged as one of the most serious subjects in the contemporary world. A significant issue concerning extremism is the psychological rehabilitation of both the victims and the witnesses of violent extremist acts. This study aims to elucidate the psychological state of the surviving victims and witnesses of violent extremism and their current psychosocial stressors in Pakistan. The objective of the study is to investigate if the cycle of extremism perpetuates through victimization due to lack of post-conflict rehabilitation. Methodologically, the paper is based on the quantitative psychometric evaluation according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale scoring on the victims of VE. This method is widely used for clinical and research practices. This study was carried out in two phases; the pilot phase measured the alpha reliability of the BDI through SPSS, while the main study identified the psychosocial stressors, according to DSM IV, and through history taking. A group of 70 victims of VE in Pakistan, were drawn through convenience sampling. Secondary data comprised of the published literature on post- conflict rehabilitation in Pakistan. According to the findings obtained through BDI scoring of research, most of the VE victims suffer from severe depression and exhibit the tendencies of extreme anger and vengeful behaviour. Such tendencies have made them more prone to engaging in a future conflict. The psychosocial stressors following the acts of extremism further contributed to their depressive state and heightened aggression towards society. The study strongly suggests that there is a dire need for the allocation of resources by the government and relevant authorities, to build post-conflict rehabilitation frameworks in order to sabotage the perpetual cycle of the spread of extremism through victimization. Anti-extremism policy recommendations are also provided based on the findings of the study.
Perhitungan Arah Kiblat Masjid Menggunakan Teodolit di Kebonsari Madiun
Authors: Arrasyid Aro Qodam , Kadenun Kadenun
Published: July 2020

Qibla direction is the direction that Muslims go to in carrying out worship, especially prayer. The determination of the Qibla direction in the Fatma Zahra, Al-Falah, and Baitul Muttaqin Mosques used to still use simple tools. Whereas in this day and age, all modern equipment already exists. From the differences of time, the writer is interested in studying the calculation of Qibla direction by using theodolite, by determining the direction of Qibla before using theodolite and after using theodolite. This research uses quantitative methods by collecting observational study data, interviews, and documentation to related parties. The primary source is data from interviews and direct research in the field. While the secondary data is taken from books, journals and theses related to this research. From the results of this study that the Mosques studied have not yet led to a perfect Qibla. The qibla direction in each Mosque is as follows: Qibla direction in Fatma Zahra Mosque is 650 35 '5.64'', in Al-Falah Mosque is 650 34' 21.17 '', and in Baitul Muttaqin Mosque is 650 35 '2.5''. from the direction of the Qibla which was originally the Fatma Zahra Mosque 610 05'11.28 '', Al-Falah Mosque 67009 '43.34'', and the Baitul Muttaqin Mosque 70057 '35.00'.

Arah kiblat merupakan arah yang dituju umat Islam dalam melaksanakan ibadah khususnya shalat. Penentuan arah kiblat di masjid Fatma Zahra, Al-Falah, dan Baitul Muttaqin dulunya masih menggunakan alat yang sederhana. Sedangkan pada zaman sekarang ini, sudah zamannya modern semua peralatan canggih sudah ada. Dari perbedaan zaman tersebut penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji perhitungan arah kiblat dengan menggunakan alat theodolit, dengan menentukan arah kiblat sebelum menggunakan alat theodolit dan setelah menggunakan alat theodolit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan mengumpulkan data bersifat Studi Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi kepada pihak-pihak terkait. Sebagai sumber primernya yaitu data dari hasil wawancara dan penelitian langsung di lapangan. Sedangkan data sekundernya diambil dari buku, jurnal, dan tesis yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa masjid-masjid yang diteliti belum mengarah ke kiblat secara sempurna. Adapun arah kiblat di masing-masing masjid adalah sebagai berikut: Arah kiblat di masjid Fatma Zahra ialah  650 35’ 5.64’’,di masjid Al-Falah ialah 650 34’ 21.17’’, dan di masjid Baitul Muttaqin ialah 650 35’ 2.5’’. dari arah kiblat yang semula masjid Fatma Zahra 610 05’11.28’’, masjid Al-Falah 67009’ 43.34’’, dan masjid Baitul Muttaqin 70057’35.00’’.
Rationalization of the Use of Land and Capital Production Factors on Hybrid Cayenne Agriculture Business on Juwita Variety in Central Lombok District
Authors: Suartha I Dewa Gede , Wedastra Made Suma , Meikapasa Ni Wayan Putu , Asasandi I Gusti Ngurah Aryawan , Nopiari Ida Ayu
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of land and capital production factors on the production of juwita hybrid cayenne varieties, and whether rational or not the use of land and capital production factors in the farming of juwita hybrid cayenne varieties in the Central Lombok regency. The research is carried out in Sintung, Belege and Bilebante Villages in Pringgarata Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency, which have been selected using the purposive sampling technique, on the grounds that these villages have the highest productivity of juwita hybrid cayenne varieties compared to other villages. Furthermore respondents numbered 30 people who are determined by using proportional random sampling technique. Data are analyzed by using the Cobb-Douglas production function analysis which is changed to Logarithm Multiple Linear Regression. The results show that the area of land and capital jointly have a significant effect on the production of Juwita hybrid cayenne varieties cultivated by farmers in Central Lombok regency with an F-count of 255,690 and Sig. 0.05. This condition emerges because the added capital in the cultivation of Juwita hybrid cayenne varieties farming is not well targeted. Both land and capital are partially rational, and their production elasticities are between 0- 1 and are in production area II (stage II).
Effect of Fertilizer Application on Production of Triumfetta Tomentosa Boj.(Fam. Tiliaceae), A Multipurpose Plant in Kenya
Authors: S. T Kariuki, , N. L Kinuthia, , M. J Mathooko, , W. Mucheke,
Published: July 2020

Triumfetta tomentosa Boj. is a n indigenous perennial low shrub found growing naturally in moist habitats. It is commonly found on forest margins and along riparian zones. It is a multipurpose plant exploited by many communities in Kenya as a source of fodder, fiber for making baskets, ropes and hats, while the remaining debarked wood is used for making winnowing trays and firewood. However, as the population increases, more land is being converted into agricultural farms and settlement sites. These development activities coupled with global warming effects due to increasing green house gasses in the atmosphere are threatening the abundance and distribution of this species. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of fertilizer application on biomass of T. tomentosa, if brought under cultivation like any other crop. Seedlings were raised in nurseries from seeds and cuttings at Muguga( Kenya Forest Research Institute-KEFRI). These seedlings were transplanted to the experimental sites in Embu and Meru on eastern slopes of Mt. Kenya. Random Block Design was used at spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and 45 cm × 45 cm in 3 replicates for each planting material. All plants were harvested after 7 months and above ground biomass was determined in terms of fresh weight in tones/ha. Analysis of variance was used to compare the biomass among different treatments. The results showed significant increase in biomass (p ≤ 0.05) of fertilizer application on T. triumfetta cultivation. Plants raised from cuttings grew faster than those raised from seeds and had more biomass. This study showed that T. tomentosa can be brought under cultivation like any other crop and its productivity can be improved through fertilizer application. This will help in its conservation as it is threatened in the wild
Guidance and Recommendations for Sustainable Management of a Construction Project
Authors: Mumtaz Ali Prof. Naheed B Mir
Published: July 2020

Sustainability in construction helps to minimize the consequences of material, Social and pollution factor and stakeholders on the construction site. It also helps to prepare the strategies and methods to follow throughout the given timeline of the project. The Sustainable construction management plan (SCMP) also aid to define the potential amenity disturbance during construction with allusion to project scale. SCMP of any project characterized on the following four main phases: Achieving Sustainable parameters through Architectural design of the building; Material selection and its impact factors on built environment; Type of Project (New/Refurbishment/Demolition) and on-site measurements accordingly; Sustainable delivery action. Nevertheless, the sustainable construction and building materials, both combinations used in the common planning procedure for handling the construction on site in order to reduce the waste and environmental impact with the sophisticated methodologies. Establishing the well manageable goals, re-organizing the building layout (in refurbishment case), thermal comfort, cost management and minimization, minimum environmental impact on site and surroundings are immense challenges faced while preparing and acting the SCMP on construction site. This research paper will help to understand the construction management plan guidelines and recommendations of the construction site where the condition of refurbishment considered and Sustainability as a primary objective.
Factors That Influence the Use of Online Ticket Application (Case Study: Traveloka)
Authors: Arfan Akhmad , . Mirza
Published: July 2020

This research was conducted to determine the perception of security, perceived usefulness, trust, repurchase intentions on traveloka.com. In addition, to find out which variable most influences the decision to repurchase intention. The population in this study is citizens in Greater Jakarta and the number of samples used was 225 respondents. The sampling technique in this study is Non- Probability Sampling using accidental techniques, and then the results of data analysis are processed using SEM software. These results show that the main factor which can increase repurchase intention for traveloka.com is consumer trust. It is very important for Traveloka management team to increase consumer trust by increasing usefulness and security feature in traveloka.com
A Comparative Study of Two Split Course Accelerated Hypo-fractionated Radiation Therapy (SCAHRT) Schedules in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Mukutawat Peoli , Kaushal Vivek , Dhankhar Rakesh , Atri Rajeev , Dhull Anil Kumar , Bhardwaj Sheeba , Rohaj Shuchita , Singh Bibhavendra Kumar , Prativyom Kunwar , . Dr. Anita’s
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Head and neck cancers include malignant neoplasms that develop in the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx and salivary glands. Out of the newly diagnosed patients of head and neck carcinoma in India, most of the patients present in locally advanced stage. Because of extensive local disease and associated co-morbidities and compromised KPS, palliative radiation therapy is preferred treatment for these patients. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 previously untreated, histo-pathologically proven patients of locally advanced head and neck cancer who were randomized in two equal groups by draw of lots. Study group received radiation dose of 30 Gy/ 10 fractions / 2 weeks followed by repeat dose of 30 Gy/ 10 fractions / 2 weeks (Total dose 60 Gy in 20 fractions delivered with a gap of 4 weeks). Control group received radiation dose of 20 Gy/ 5 fractions/ 5 days followed by repeat dose of 20 Gy/ 5 fractions/ 5 days followed by repeat dose of 20 Gy/ 5 fractions/ 5 days (Total dose 60 Gy in 3 sessions with a gap of 3 weeks each). Objectives were to compare efficacy of above schedules based on symptomatic relief and overall tumor response and to compare the toxicities of the above schedules. Results and Conclusion: To expedite the treatment time in tertiary care centres, control group (20 Gy / 5 fractions / 1 week; 3 weekly X 3) was better than the study group (30 Gy / 10 fractions / 2 weeks; 4 weekly X 2) as it had comparable local control and toxicity (acute mucosal reactions being slightly higher in the study group) with the added advantage of only 15 total fractions (machine days) in control group rather than 20 total fractions (machine days) in study group. This reduced the patient visits to the hospital by one week (i.e. 5 fractions) with comparable local control and toxicity.
debate jurídico-político del Parlamento alemán del 10 de marzo de 1965 como antecedente inmediato de la Convención de las NN.UU sobre la imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes de guerra y de los crímenes de lesa humanidad
Authors: Umeres Alvarez Humberto
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo se contrae a reseñar y comentar el debate histórico que tuvo lugar en el Parlamento alemán, el 10 de marzo de 1965, sobre la imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes nazis, como antecedente inmediato de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Imprescriptibilidad de los Crímenes de Guerra y de los Crímenes de Lesa Humanidad, de 1968.
asalto de Trump al derecho internacional: su impacto en la OMC
Authors: Arredondo Ricardo
Published: July 2020

La asunción al poder del presidente de los Estados Unidos Donald J. Trump significó un giro radical tanto en el plano interno como en el internacional, que contribuyó a exacerbar las divisiones en la política doméstica estadounidense, a la vez que trajo aparejadas importantes consecuencias negativas para el multilateralismo y los regímenes jurídicos internacionales vigentes. Este ataque, que se manifiesta en diferentes áreas del derecho internacional, tiene entre sus objetivos a diversas organizaciones internacionales, cuya muestra más reciente ha sido la suspensión de fondos a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en medio de la pandemia del coronavirus. La Organización Mundial de Comercio no solo no ha escapado a esta embestida, sino que ha sido uno de los blancos particularmente elegidos por la administración estadounidense. Este trabajo analiza el ataque de Trump a la OMC, sus consecuencias y las posibles salidas a este impasse.
expresión del ‘interés’ en los amicus curiae presentados por la sociedad civil ante la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Montero Ferrer Carmen
Published: July 2020

En el estadio actual del Derecho Internacional Público, el acceso del individuo y la sociedad civil organizada a los tribunales internacionales, y su participación en los procedimientos es una constante. En especial, a través de la institución del amicus curiae, tradicionalmente definida como el observador neutral que interviene voluntariamente en un litigio, ayudando al órgano jurisdiccional en la resolución del caso. Esta definición ha ido evolucionando en el plano internacional, de modo que en algunas ocasiones se ha admitido la intervención de amici que manifiesten tener interés en el resultado de los procedimientos. No obstante, la expresión del interés no está explícitamente considerada como un criterio para determinar la admisión o el rechazo del amicus curiae en la normativa de los tribunales penales internacionales. En este sentido, el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional no es una excepción. Por esta razón, el presente trabajo lleva a cabo un análisis normativo y jurisprudencial de los efectos jurídicos derivados de la expresión del interés en los escritos de amicus presentados por la sociedad civil ante la Corte Penal Internacional.
Burocratizar para no corromper: el impacto de los actores transnacionales en las medidas anticorrupción de la estrategia nacional para combatir la corrupción y blanqueo de capitales
Authors: Ricardo Staffen Márcio
Published: July 2020

La investigación presentada tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de los actores transnacionales en las alteraciones de la burocracia estatal anticorrupción brasileña, a través de los lineamientos establecidos por la Estrategia Nacional de la Lucha Anticorrupción y Blanqueo de Capitales (Estratégia Nacional de Combate à Corrupção e à Lavagem de Ativos - ENCCLA). Con este fin, el texto comienza abordando el reclamo legal global para prevenir y combatir la corrupción que se extiende ampliamente, condicionando e influenciando, desde escenarios transnacionales, los mecanismos estatales para la estandarización, regulación y acción burocrática. En este sentido, la evaluación de las acciones de la Estrategia Nacional para Combatir la Corrupción y Blanqueo de Capitales (ENCCLA), en el período 2010-2020, señala el impacto de los actores transnacionales en la burocratización de los instrumentos nacionales anticorrupción, destacando una mutación en la racionalidad de los comportamientos administrativos, legislativos y judiciales influyentes para prevenir y combatir la corrupción. Finalmente, se destaca el predominio de los expedientes burocráticos, de orientación transnacional, en relación con el discurso democrático y las percepciones sociales internas, que atribuyen a la burocracia el corazón de los actos de corrupción. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se utilizó el método inductivo, operado por las técnicas de conceptos operativos e investigación bibliográfica.
raíces epistemológicas del realismo estructural: modelos y representación en la teoría de relaciones internacionales
Authors: Morales Giraldo Juan Francisco
Published: July 2020

El texto explora algunas ideas básicas acerca de la epistemología detrás de la teoría del Realismo Estructural, o Neorrealismo, de Kenneth Waltz. En primer lugar, se aborda el problema de la interpretación descriptiva de las teorías, particularmente en la disciplina de Relaciones Internacionales, así como ciertas concepciones críticas que surgen desde esta lógica. En segundo lugar, se analiza la estructura formal de los programas teóricos en general, con énfasis en la estructura teórica del Realismo Estructural. La noción de la dualidad de los fenómenos políticos internacionales es descrita como un elemento central en el núcleo de leyes y principios empíricos de la teoría, definiendo su propósito y estableciendo sus alcances y limitaciones. Finalmente, la última sección explora el potencial predictivo de las teorías de relaciones internacionales, elaborando un planteamiento crítico sobre estos temas desde la propia teoría. Finalmente, las conclusiones ponen en consideración la contribución de la teoría general de Waltz sobre el modo de pensar las teorías y su importancia para la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales.
Posibilidades y beneficios de una extension del espacio de integración fronterizo con Chile mas allá de Tacna y Arica
Authors: Quispe Sandoval Mijail
Published: July 2020

El Gabinete Binacional Perú-Chile celebrado en julio de 2019 abrió la posibilidad de ampliar el espacio fronterizo entre los dos países, más allá del área consolidada formada por Tacna y Arica. La hipótesis a ser probada es que una mayor participación de las regiones contiguas de Moquegua y Tarapacá en foros bilaterales y una "visión ampliada de la región fronteriza binacional –sur peruano-norte chileno" promoverá beneficios mutuos para ambos países en áreas específicas como el turismo, la prevención de delitos transnacionales, las relaciones culturales, los asuntos migratorios, entre otros aspectos.
When Shall Coronavirus Disease-19 Stop? Review of Literature
Authors: El-Malky Ahmed M. , Al-Kathiri Waad H. , El Nouman Azza A.
Published: July 2020

In December 2019, a new coronavirus, now labeled as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, induced an episode of acute atypical respiratory illness started in Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China. The illness triggered by this virus was called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The infection is spread within humans and has triggered a global pandemic. The amount of death tolls continues to increase and a growing number of countries have been driven to create social barriers and lock-ups. The shortage of tailored counseling remains an issue. Epidemiological researches have shown that elderly patients are more vulnerable to serious diseases, while children tend to have milder symptoms. Here, we checked the latest understanding of this disease and found a possible explanation of the potential sequel and the expectations for the future.
ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF SQUID SEA FISH IN TRADITIONAL FISHERMAN IN VILLAGE OF FISHERMAN INDAH MEDAN
Authors: Nasution Umar Hamdan , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal , Zahri Cut
Published: July 2020

This study states that the implementation of the squid sea fish supply chain in the Nelayan Indah Village, Medan Labuhan District, Medan City, is still controlled by collectors, the demand for squid fish in the Nelayan Indah Village, Medan Labuhan District, Medan City is still very high and the supply of fish squid sea depends on the harvest season, weather, techniques and technology used in fishing vessels, and pricing of squid fish in the Nelayan Indah Village Medan Labuhan District Medan City based on the demand and supply.
EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MADRASAH TEACHER ALIYAH PRIVATE DARUL ARAFAH DELI SERDANG
Authors: Handoko Handoko , Akso Maimun
Published: July 2020

Therefore, attention to the improvement of teacher performance becomes important and becomes a necessity. Especially with the various developments of science and technology today, then a teacher is required to be able to adapt himself so that knowledge and skills given to students are not left behind by the development of science itself.       The study aimed to find out: (1) the relationship between the empowerment of subject teachers and teacher performance,   (2)  the relationship between achievement motivation and the performance of teacher teachers, and (3) the relationship between empowerment of teacher meetings. The population of this research is all teachers of Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Darul Arafah Deli Serdang are 54 people.  The entire population is used as the research sample. The test requirement is done to test normality, linearity, and independence among independent variables. The data analysis technique used correlation and regression and simple correlation and regression and multiple correlation at significance level  = 0,05.
LA ACTUALIDAD HERMENÉUTICA DE ARISTÓTELES
Authors: Bares Partal Juan de Dios
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo pasa revista a las dimensiones hermenéuticas presentes en la filosofía aristotélica, y se detiene en la filosofía moral. El concepto φρόνησις llamó la atención de Heidegger, que acabó aproximándolo al de conciencia (Gewissen), y de Gadamer, que encuentra en él un modelo de los problemas de la aplicación (Anwendung) en la tarea hermenéutica. El propio Gadamer acabará defendiendo el carácter dialogal y hermenéutico de la retórica, que no es más que una forma de la φρόνησις.
INTERPRETACIÓN, TRADUCCIÓN Y COMUNICACIÓN, VARIEDADES DE LA INCONMENSURABILIDAD
Authors: Melogno Pablo
Published: July 2020

En 1983 Thomas Kuhn introdujo la distinción entre interpretación y traducción, con el propósito de fortalecer la tesis de la inconmensurabilidad y responder a objeciones formuladas por Donald Davidson y Hilary Putnam. A partir de este contexto de debate, este trabajo revisa la distinción kuhniana con el objetivo de explorar las conexiones que pueden establecerse entre las teorías rivales y las comunidades científicas que las defienden. Para ello examino el papel de la traducción, la interpretación y la comunicación en el cambio teórico, con el propósito de ampliar la distinción de Kuhn y ahondar en algunas consecuencias no contempladas en su planteo original. Concluyo que la distinción entre estos planos lingüísticos resulta fundamental para comprender y evaluar el alcance de las divergencias suscitadas en casos de inconmensurabilidad.
INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL LINGÜÍSTICA PERFECTA: EFECTOS SOBRE LA AUTOPERCEPCIÓN DEL SER HUMANO
Authors: Carabantes López Manuel
Published: July 2020

Recientes avances en Inteligencia Artificial (IA) como el Project Debater de IBM son indicadores de que la IA lingüística perfecta, es decir, capaz de superar el test de Turing y simular la conducta lingüística humana de manera indiscernible, es una realidad cercana que implicará numerosos efectos sobre nuestras vidas. Como propone la filosofía de la técnica de Langdon Winner, esos efectos deben ser evaluados antes de que la tecnología sea implantada para proporcionar así a la sociedad la posibilidad de decidir si el posible cambio es conforme a su proyecto ético y político. Para contribuir a esa decisión, en este artículo pronosticamos las consecuencias de esa tecnología sobre la autopercepción del ser humano mediante dos argumentos. Por un lado, un argumento principal utilizando como premisas la caracterización de esa IA y varias teorías de la psicología social y de la personalidad. Y, por el otro, una inferencia por analogía con la antropología cartesiana.
LOS LÍMITES DE LA RACIONALIDAD CIENTÍFICA FRENTE AL FENÓMENO DE LA ESPIRITUALIDAD: UNA REVISIÓN EPISTEMOLÓGICA DE LOS REDUCCIONISMOS METODOLÓGICOS EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN PSICOCLÍNICA
Authors: Gargiulo María Teresa
Published: July 2020

El artículo ofrece un análisis exploratorio respecto a los límites y obstáculos que presentan los reduccionismos metodológicos en la investigación psicoclínica respecto a la espiritualidad. Por reduccionismo metodológico se entiende el proceso de simplificación y operatividad que exige el mismo diseño experimental adoptado en la investigación psicoclínica. El trabajo se limita a señalar un absurdo que se sigue de la misma implementación de ciertos recortes metodológicos: a saber, aquel diseño metodológico que debería garantizar el abordaje racional de los fenómenos espirituales y religiosos opera muchas veces como facilitador de comprensiones erróneas e incompletas del fenómeno. En este sentido quizás podamos repensar estos diseños de la investigación psicoclínica incorporando o atendiendo en sus formulaciones teóricas al bagaje cognoscitivo de las tradiciones teológicas y espirituales –elementos y principios aparentemente ajenos a la racionalidad científica–. Pues ellas pueden significar un camino posible para que las demostraciones científicas de la salud mental adquieran mayor fuerza explicativa.
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM LEACHATE FLOW AT IKOTO AND ORU DUMPSITES IN OGUN STATE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Talabi Adetoro Temitope , Roy-Layinde Taiwo Olakunle , Odunaike Rasaki Kola , Oladunjoye Hamid Titilope , Adebanjo Aina Opeyemi
Published: July 2020

An electrical resistivity survey was carried out to detect the level of groundwater pollution on Oru and Ikoto dumpsites respectively as it was observed that the dumpsites were sited ignoring the environmental and health hazard. The survey was conducted using ABEM model terrameter with schlumberger array for 1-D vertical electrical sounding (VES) of electrode spacing ranging from 0.25m to 4m. Four VES was conducted on each dumpsite with length between 1m to 120m. The data obtained from the field were interpreted using WINRESIST from which the curve types of each study area were identified. On Oru dumpsite, measurement of VES1 was taken on the dumpsite, VES2 was taken 20m away from the dumpsite, VES3 and VES4 were taken across the road serving as control. Here, there is indication of leachate pollution in VES1 (layer 2) and VES2 (layer 3) while VES3 and VES4 are leachate free, but this leachate present in VES1 and VES2 cannot penetrate into the groundwater table because of the stratigraphy of the area.  At Ikoto dumpsite, measurement of VES4 was taken on the dumpsite, VES1 and VES2 were taken 30m away from the dumpsite on both sides, and while VES3 was taken across the Lagos/Ibadan expressway, serving as control. There is indication of leachate pollution in VES4 (layer2) while in VES1, VES2 and VES3 there is no presence of leachate flow. The leachate present in VES4 can infiltrate into the groundwater table through the highly porous and permeable material in the subsurface layer of the location.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION VIA VIBRATIONAL RESONANCE IN CHUA'S CIRCUIT
Authors: Laoye John Abidemi , Roy-Layinde Taiwo Olakunle , Omoteso Kehinde Adam , Odunaike Rasaki Kola
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we numerically investigated the occurrence of Vibrational Resonance in a modified Chua's oscillator with a smooth nonlinearity, described by a cubic polynomial. Response curves generated from the numerical simulation at the low frequency reveal that the system's response amplitude could be controlled by modulating the conductance parameter of the Chua's circuit, rather modulating the parameters of the fast-periodic force. Modulating the frequency of the fast-periodic force slightly reduces the response amplitude; shifts the peak point to a higher value of the amplitude of the fast-periodic force by widening the resonance curves. Within certain parameter regime of the high frequency (Ω >100ω), the system's response gets saturated, and further increase does not affect its amplitude.
ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADESHINA Wasiu Olawale , OLOGBON Olugbenga Adesoji  Christopher , IDOWU Adewunmi Olubanjo
Published: July 2020

Increased rice productivity for years is not a solution if rice farming efficiency cannot be sustained for the next hundred years. The study analysed the efficiency of rice farmers in Oyo State. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select128 rice farmers for the study. Primary data were obtained with the aid of well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model were employed in the analysis of the data. Majority (78.1%) of the rice farmers had one form of education or the other while the age of rice farmers ranges from 25 to 78 years and mean age of 47 years. The stochastic frontier results (Maximum Likelihood Estimates) revealed that farm output increases with farm size, hired labour, and fertilizer but decreases with herbicides. Also, technical efficiency of the farmers increases with formal education, farming experience, household size, extension contact and distance of farm to market. The mean technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency of 88.5 percent, 66.9 percent and 58.3 percent respectively showed that there is room for improvement in technical efficiency by 11.5 percent, allocative efficiency by 33.1 percent and economic efficiency by 41.7 percent with the present technology. Policy option requires the rice farmers to reduce the use of agro chemical. Farmers should expand their farm land to ensure efficient utilization of resources. Above all, formal education and adult literacy education should be strengthened among the rice farmers.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SEED OIL OF CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS LINN. FOR NUTRITIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL QUALITIES
Authors: Olubomehin Oseyemi Omowunmi , Atoyebi Yisau Oluwatosin , Babarinde Nojeem Adesola
Published: July 2020

The extensive demand for oils by man for consumption and industrial applications has led to an increasing search for oils from non-conventional sources to augment the available ones. Thus, the seed oil of Canavalia ensiformis Linn., a leguminous plant abundantly found in South-western Nigeria was extracted and analysed for its nutritional and industrial applications. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the seeds along with physicochemical parameters of the oil using standard procedures were done. Different weights of the powdered seeds were extracted using a soxh let extractor with four solvents- n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethanol. The fatty acid composition of the oil was characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Canavalia ensiformis seed contained saponins, anthracene derivatives, phenols, tannins, sapogenin and reducing sugar. The proximate analysis gave 1.50±0.84, 25.51±0.21, 2.10±0.23, 3.05±0.92, 56.94±1.96, 10.90±1.11 for moisture content, protein, ash content, crude fibre, carbohydrate, and oil extracts respectively. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were: pH-4.69, specific gravity0.89±0.01, acid value-6.2, saponification value-203.3 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid-3.1, peroxide value18.50 and iodine value-61.0 g of I/100 g oil, while the oil is miscible with petroleum ether. The fatty 2 acid compositions were 11-octadecenoic acid (43.86%) 9-octadecenoic acid (27.49%), hexadecanoic acid (17.07%), cis-11-eicosenoic acid (4.32%), ethyl cis-9-octadecenoate (3.80%) and methyl octadecanoate (3.46%). The presence of 75.67% monoenoic acids in its composition, high saponification value, good foaming and emulsion properties makes the oil useful as an emollient, excipient in pharmaceuticals and solubilizing agents in aerosol products and also of great importance in soap and cosmetics industries.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF EXTRACTS OF Tapinanthus bangwensis (ENGL. AND K. KRAUSE) DANSER [LORANTHACEAE] GROWN IN NIGERIA
Authors: Atewolara-Odule Odunayo Christy , Aiyelaagbe Olapeju O. , Ashidi Joseph Senu
Published: July 2020

Tapinanthus bangwensis is a parasitic woody shrub traditionally employed to cure various ailments in Nigeria including leprosy, rickets, rheumatism, cough, skin and respiratory diseases. The crude organic extracts of T. bangwensis were subjected to bioassays - cytotoxicity antibacterial and antidiabetic. The cytotoxicity assay was carried out using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT), the antibacterial activity was performed against five micro-organisms - Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellia rhinoscheromatis, Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus subtilis using agar diffusion procedure while anti-diabetic potential was determined using alloxan-induced Swiss male albino rat with automated glucometer. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of the plant was done using standard procedure. LC values for BSLT ranged from 12.38to 189.84 µg/mL with ethyl 50 acetate extract of leaves having the lowest value12.38 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of both stem and leaves showed moderate to strong antibacterial activities. There was reduction of 71.8 % in the blood glucoses level of alloxan-induced rats on day 3 while glibenclimade gave 53.0 %. All the extracts exhibited significant reduction (P˂0.05)in the blood glucose level of hyperglyceamic alloxan-induced rats. Phytochemical investigation of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, anthraquinones and glycosides while alkaloids and flavonoids were absent.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS AND RATE OF APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. )
Authors: Abdul Azeez Saidat Adeola , Adejuyigbe Christopher Olu , Bello Wasiu Babatunde , Fawole Tolulope Olaoluwa
Published: July 2020

Field trials were conducted at University Organic–Agriculture farm, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta in 2011 to determine the response of different mulching materials on growth and yield of okra. It was a 3x3 factorial laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the main factor as the plant material Chromolaena odorata (CO) Glycine max (GM) and Panicum maximum ( PM) while rate ( 0, 5 and 10t/ha) of mulching materials were applied once before the first cropping was the sub-factor and all were replicated three times. Data were collected on growth parameters and yield attributes of okra (NHAE- 47-4) at first and second planting. The parameters assessed were significantly influenced (P <0.05) by the mulching material and rate of application. Higher values for plant height ( 56.3cm and 60.7cm ) , number of leaves ( 22 and 22) and stem girth (1.5cm and 2.1cm) at 16 weeks after planting (WAP) were obtained during the first and second planting from CO application of 10t/ha. Although, the higher number of flowers ( 14 and 21), number of pods ( 29 and 21) and weight of pods/plant (0.51kg and 0.44kg) were derived from PM when 10t/ha was used at 16 WAP during both plantings. Thus, optimum okra yield were obtained with application of 10t/ha of plant residues, therefore, mulching with PM residues at 10t/ha is recommended for high fruit yield of okra in the region of investigation.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BETA-CYANOALANINE SYNTHASE FROM COMMON BEAN SEEDS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS)
Authors: Ezima Esther Nkechi , Ademakinwa Adedeji Nelson , Fasanya Temitope Abigail , Adelegan Ayodeji Adebayo , Ojo Abodunrin Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

Cyanide is produced throughout a plant's life cycle, its production increases during certain developmental stages such as seed germination, seedling elongation, fruit ripening and senescence. Beta-cyanoalanine synthase is the most important cyanide metabolizing enzyme found in plants. This work is aimed at studying the tissue distribution, partial purification and some physicochemical properties of β-cyanoalanine synthase from bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris). β-cyanolalanine synthase was isolated and partially purified using a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, desalting on Sephadex G-10 and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 column. The biochemical characteristics of the enzyme were investigated. Results obtained from this work showed that β-cyanolalanine synthase is more concentrated in the seeds (20.53 nmol/HS/mg) when compared 2 to the cotyledons (10.08 nmol/HS/mg) and the seed coats (5.82 nmol/HS/mg). The partially purified 2 2 enzyme showed a specific activity of 26.77 nmol/HS/mg and an apparent molecular weight of about 2 60,000Da, K values for cyanide and L-cysteine of  0.741 mM and 1.724 mM respectively. The V max m value obtained for cyanide was 25.00 nmol/H S/ml/minwhile that of L-cysteine was 2 o666.67nmol/H S/ml/min. The enzyme showed an optimum temperature of 40C and optimum pH of 2 10.0.Studies on the effect of chloride salt indicated that NaCl and MnCl had strong inhibitory effect 2 on the enzyme; NHCl had slight negative effect while KCl and ZnCl activated the enzyme dose 4 2 dependently.This study showed the presence of β-cyanoalanine synthase in bean seeds which is believed to function in the detoxification of cyanide produced in its tissues especially during germination.
Role of Hyperbilirubinemia as a Diagnostic Tool to Predict Gangrenous/Perforated Appendicitis: An Observational Study
Authors: Mohak Mankad  , Pranjal Sangole  , Gyaneshwar Rao
Published: July 2020

Background: Elevation in serum bilirubin was reported recently, but the importance of the raised total bilirubin has not been stressed in acute appendicitis and appendicular perforation. The aim of the study was to establish the role of hyperbilirubinemia as a new diagnostic tool to predict gangrenous/perforated appendicitis. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective observational study, which was conducted at the Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India. A total of 100 patients clinically diagnosed as appendicitis from August 2018 to August 2019 at Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India. Patients were clinically evaluated by detailed history, routine examination on initial contact with patients and the routine investigations as per surgery and anesthesia requirements with inclusion of serum total bilirubin. Based on histopathological examination patients will be categorized as positive (acute appendicitis with perforation and/or gangrene) and negative (acute appendicitis without perforation or gangrene). Results: Out of 100 patients, 20 were managed conservatively (mass formation) and was called for interval appendectomy after 6 weeks. In acute catarrhal appendicitis group 47 patients showed normal total bilirubin levels, whereas 8 patients showed increase in levels of total bilirubin.  In gangrenous appendicitis group all 10 patients showed elevated serum total bilirubin levels  In perforated appendicitis group consisted of 15, 11 patients showed elevated serum bilirubin levels and 4 patients showed normal total bilirubin levels. Conclusion: Serum bilirubin is easily available test and cheap and can be estimated from the sample of blood drawn for routine blood investigations.
A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Outcome of Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy versus Subcutaneous Fissurectomy in Chronic Fissure in Ano
Authors: Suryanaryana Reddy V  , Ravindra Prasad B  , Ram Mohan C  , Vamshi Chandra B  , Satya Dev
Published: July 2020

Background: Fissure-in-ano is a very common problem across the world which causes considerable morbidity and affects the patient’s quality of life to a greater extent. Anal fissure is a common painful condition affecting the anal canal. The main aim of study was to compare the efficacy of outcome of subcutaneous fissurectomy versus lateral internal sphincterotomy in chronic fissure in Ano. Subjects and Methods: The study was a prospective, parallel group, comparative trial. The study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Chalmeda AnandRao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar. The number of patients included in the study was 50. Patients were divided into lateral internal sphincterotomy groups and subcutaneous fissurectomy groups. Patients were followed up regularly for relief of symptoms i.e., pain in the anal region and bleeding from anal region and for complications like incontinence; duration of sitz baths and number of work days lost. Results: The mean age group in the present study was 38.24  9.96 for subcutaneous fissurectomy and 39.2  10.4 for lateral internal sphincterotomy; there was no significant difference in the mean age in either of the groups with P value > 0.05. Conclusion: The current study shows results in favor of subcutaneous fissurectomy with a healing rate of 100% with faster pain-relief and minimal or no complications if performed by the hands of an experienced surgeon.
Clinical Study on Patients with Duodenal Perforation
Authors: S P Rajan  , Sudheer UK  , Sreejith  , Dinesh Babu M V
Published: July 2020

Background: Perforations of peptic ulcer are third in frequencies, acute appendicitis and acute intestinal obstruction being more common. Prompt recognition of the condition is very important and only by early diagnosis and treatment it is possible to reduce the still relatively    high mortality. The aim of this study was to review and study the factors influencing, the outcome of the duodenal perforations. Subjects and Methods: A clinical study was conducted in 50 cases of diagnosed duodenal ulcer perforation that was established by the admitting surgeon, based on clinical features and supposed by radiological evidence and confined at operation. This study comprises of 50 cases of duodenal ulcer perforation admitted in period from January 2017 to January 2020. Results: In present study, out of total 50 patients with duodenal ulcer 46(92%) males and 5(8%) females, with male predominance. Highest incidence was found between 41-50 years followed by 21-29 years. Most of the patients admitted by 12-24 hours, common site of ulcer is prepyloric in presentation. Duodenal ulcer perforations were single perforation, while two cases of ileal perforations were multiple. Smoking is main predisposing cause of ulcer. ARDS were 14% (7 patients) and it was observed that 32 percent (16 patients) having wound complication, 2 percent (‘1 patient) having mortality and 46% (23 patients) have no complications. In this present study, 60% of patients had h/o Peptic ulcer. On X- ray, 90% of patients had finding of air under diaphragm. Conclusion: The mortality in perforated duodenal ulcer has been reduced owing to early approach to hospital, diagnosis, prompt surgical treatment and appropriate and adequate antibiotics. Smoking and alcohol consumption and life style modification may reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with duodenal perforation.
A Study of Predictive Factors in the Outcome of Necrotizing Fasciitis in Patients of Sepsis
Authors: Vangari Ravi  , Mohammad Jahangir
Published: July 2020

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection occurring in the deep fascial layers. It is a progressive infection. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is usually clinical and is important to find it early as it is a fast spreading infection. Necrotizing fasciitis occurs as a result of necrosis of skin and subcutaneous layer. The aim of the study is to assess factors which will help in clinching the diagnosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis and to identify factors responsible for morbidity and mortality. The study was hospital based observational study conducted for 2 years from May 2017- June 2019 on 30 patients with necrotizing fasciitis at Department of general surgery, Osmania General Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Clinical and anatomical findings rendered initial diagnosis. The patient’s details have been noted. Detailed patient interview on history and other comorbid conditions was conducted. Bacteriological culture is done. Following initial debridement, the wound was inspected regularly and subsequent debridement was done periodically whenever necessary. Results: Majority of the patients were males, 80% and the rest 20% were females. In 56.66% of the patients the site of NF was perineum and in the rest 43.33% of the patients it was in the extremities. The type  of bacterial culture done was polyculture in majority 90% of the patients and monoculture was done in the rest 10% of the patients. 30% of   the patients tested positive for NF and rest 70% were found to be negative with NF. The mortality rate was 30% and morbidity rate was 10%. Conclusion: Effective and vigorous surgical debridement, often in multiple sessions, supplemented by adequate antibiotics and supportive treatment, is the key to a successful result with necrotizing fasciitis.