bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the synergy between CMB spectral distortions and anisotropies
Authors: Fu Hao , Lucca Matteo , Galli Silvia , Battistelli Elia S. , Hooper Deanna C. , Lesgourgues Julien , Schöneberg Nils
Published: December 2021

Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectral distortions (SDs) will open a new window on the very early universe, providing new information complementary to that gathered from CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies. In this paper, we study their synergy as a function of the characteristics of the considered experiments. In particular, we examine a wide range of sensitivities for possible SD measurements, spanning from FIRAS up to noise levels 1000 times better than PIXIE, and study their constraining power when combined with current or future CMB anisotropy experiments such as Planck or LiteBIRD plus CMB-S4. We consider a number of different cosmological models such as the ΛCDM, as well as its extensions with the running of the scalar spectral index, the decay or the annihilation of dark matter (DM) particles. While upcoming CMB anisotropy experiments will be able to decrease the uncertainties on inflationary parameters such as As and ns by about a factor 2 in the ΛCDM case, we find that an SD experiment 100 times more sensitive than PIXIE (comparable to the proposed Super-PIXIE satellite) could potentially further contribute to constrain these parameters. This is even more significant in the case of the running of the scalar spectral index. Furthermore, as expected, constraints on DM particles decaying at redshifts probed by SDs will improve by orders of magnitude even with an experiment 10 times worse than PIXIE as compared to CMB anisotropies or Big Bang Nucleosynthesis bounds. On the contrary, DM annihilation constraints will not significantly improve over CMB anisotropy measurements. Finally, we forecast the constraints obtainable with sensitivities achievable either from the ground or from a balloon.
Performance of passive decoy-state quantum key distribution with mismatched local detectors
Authors: Yu Kai , Zhang Chun-Hui , Zhou Xing-Yu , Wang Qin
Published: December 2021

In quantum key distribution (QKD), the passive decoy-state method can simplify the intensity modulation and reduce some of side-channel information leakage and modulation errors. It is usually implemented with a heralded single-photon source. In Wang et al 2016 (Phys. Rev. A 96 032312), a novel passive decoy-state method is proposed by Wang et al, which uses two local detectors to generate more detection events for tightly estimating channel parameters. However, in the original scheme, the two local detectors are assumed to be identical, including the same detection efficiency and dark count rate, which is often not satisfied in the realistic experiment. In this paper, we construct a model for this passive decoy-state QKD scheme with two mismatched detectors and explore the effect on QKD performance with certain parameters. We also take the finite-size effect into consideration, showing the performance with statistical fluctuations. The results show that the efficiencies of local detectors affect the key rate more obviously than dark count rates.
Effect of atmospheric turbulence on orbital angular momentum entangled state
Authors: Yan Xiang , Zhang Peng-Fei , Fan Cheng-Yu , Zhang Jing-Hui
Published: December 2021

The entangled orbital angular momentum (OAM) photons propagating across a weakly turbulent atmosphere are investigated. Here, the paper uses the single-phase screen model based on the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence, and focuses on the influence of the backward scattering on OAM evolution. The results indicate that backward scattering plays an important role in the analysis of OAM entanglement evolution in the turbulent atmosphere. It cannot be negligible especially for higher-order OAM mode. Moreover, when OAM mode is greater than 4, entangled photon pairs composed of higher OAM modes are not more robust in turbulence within the weak scintillation regime. These results will be useful in future investigations of OAM-based optical wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere.
Motor imagery practice and feedback effects on functional connectivity
Authors: Stefano Filho Carlos Alberto , Attux Romis , Castellano Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Objective. The use of motor imagery (MI) in motor rehabilitation protocols has been increasingly investigated as a potential technique for enhancing traditional treatments, yielding better clinical outcomes. However, since MI performance can be challenging, practice is usually required. This demands appropriate training, actively engaging the MI-related brain areas, consequently enabling the user to properly benefit from it. The role of feedback is central for MI practice. Yet, assessing which underlying neural changes are feedback-specific or purely due to MI practice is still a challenging effort, mainly due to the difficulty in isolating their contributions. In this work, we aimed to assess functional connectivity (FC) changes following MI practice that are either extrinsic or specific to feedback. Approach. To achieve this, we investigated FC, using graph theory, in electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, during MI performance and at resting-state (rs), respectively. Thirty healthy subjects were divided into three groups, receiving no feedback (control), ‘false’ feedback (sham) or actual neurofeedback (active). Participants underwent 12–13 hands-MI EEG sessions and pre- and post-MI training fMRI exams. Main results. Following MI practice, control participants presented significant increases in degree and in eigenvector centrality for occipital nodes at rs-fMRI scans, whereas sham-feedback produced similar effects, but to a lesser extent. Therefore, MI practice, by itself, seems to stimulate visual information processing mechanisms that become apparent during basal brain activity. Additionally, only the active group displayed decreases in inter-subject FC patterns, both during MI performance and at rs-fMRI. Significance. Hence, actual neurofeedback impacted FC by disrupting common inter-subject patterns, suggesting that subject-specific neural plasticity mechanisms become important. Future studies should consider this when designing experimental NFBT protocols and analyses.
Reduced health burden and economic benefits of cleaner fuel usage from household energy consumption across rural and urban China
Authors: Lu Chenxi , Zhang Shaohui , Tan Chang , Li Yun , Liu Zhu , Morrissey Karyn , Adger W Neil , Sun Taochun , Yin Hao , Guo Jiahong
Published: December 2021

Energy consumption in the residential sector is increasing rapidly in China. This study applies an integrated assessment model to investigate the adverse impacts of household energy consumption by various fuel types across rural and urban areas on age- and sex-specific premature deaths associated with PM2.5 pollution at provincial levels for 2015. We further estimate the economic and health co-benefits of a switch from solid fuels to electricity within households. We find that energy consumed by Chinese urban households is nearly 1.6 times than that of rural households. However, premature deaths due to household energy usage is 1.1 times higher in rural areas compared to urban areas due to direct use of coal for heating in rural households. The majority of household consumption-related premature deaths are predominately in the Southern area of China due to the population size and aging population. By replacing coal and biomass with electricity, this paper estimates economic benefits equal to 0.09% (95% CI: 0.08%–0.1%) GDP for rural areas and 0.006% (0.005%–0.007%) of GDP for urban areas of China. The results suggest that mitigation measures such as the promotion and subsidization of cleaner fuels, modern stove within rural households would yield these potential significant economic benefits.
Physical modeling of water-retention capacity of soils
Authors: Moiseev K , Terleev V , Turutina T , Surinsky D
Published: December 2021

The function of the water-retention capacity of the soil is necessary, for example, when calculating irrigation norms in irrigation agriculture. Various mathematical models are used to approximate the water-retention capacity, which have a number of disadvantages inherent in these models. For example, the absence of physically adequate analytical descriptions for the coefficients of a given function. The use of physical fractal models for predicting and calculating the water-retention capacity of soils seems promising. Application of the fractal model Pore-Solid-Fractal is necessary to perform the calculation of desorption curves of water-retention capacity of some types of alpha-humus and texture-differentiated soils of light particle size distribution has been performed. The calculated data for the drying branches of the WRC are compared with the experimental data. The study of statistical differences between samples (data convergence) was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test (U). The empirical values of the U-test are from 17.5 to 20. The critical value of the U-test for a given number of compared data series at a probability level of 0.99 is 8. The critical value of the U-test for a given sample size is less than the calculated one, respectively, the difference between the series of empirical and the calculated data in the sample are not statistically significant. The fractal model allows calculating the water-retention capacity function of soils with high accuracy.
Methods of using non-traditional types of physical exercises when working with pathologies that have arisen under the influence of environmental degradation
Authors: Ryzhkin Nikolay , Ivanova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article presents an experimental method of using game forms of classes aimed at improving the level of physical development of students with poor health and low level of physically fit. We worked with students with excessive weight gain not associated with health abnormalities. The group of students who, as a result of a medical examination, were found to have diseases of the endocrine glands, where excess weight is a concomitant sign of a serious disease did not include in the research. One of the objectives of the study was to identify changes in the students’ state of health and increase interest in classes, activating physical education classes for first-year students with various degrees of disorders of physically fit. The analysis of the impact of the proposed program on students, taking into account the specifics of the faculties and various specialties, will allow us to enrich the curriculum in physical culture. As well as, this will allow us to include in the program of classes non-traditional types of physical exercises while working with special medical groups, taking into account the pedagogical orientation of the faculties of the university.
Study of the properties of the ovarian fluid of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833) during freezing
Authors: Firsova Angelina , Ponomareva Elena , Krasilnikova Aleksandra , Belaya Maria
Published: December 2021

The process of freezing the ovarian fluid of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833) was analyzed. With gradual cooling from 22°C to -196°C at a rate of 10° per minute, the process of freezing, formation and change of ice microparticles was observed. The ovarian liquid was glazed at -5°C and only at -70°. With the microparticles of ice began to form. From that moment, up to the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196°C), the microparticles were crushed into smaller ones. The high content of intracellular water in the ovarian fluid of female Russian sturgeon contributes to the formation of the bulk of microparticles of ice, which is confirmed by their shape. These particles, which have sharp edges, are able to damage the thin shells of eggs during deep freezing.
Trichinosis in the Rostov oblast
Authors: Lipilkina Tatyana , Popov Igor , Lipilkin Pavel , Ermakov Alexey
Published: December 2021

In the Russian Federation, cases of infection with trichinosis in a population of people or animals are annually recorded. Trichinosis is intestinal and tissue helminthiasis of humans and a number of mammals, caused all over the world by nematodes. A person becomes infected with the parasite by eating meat containing live encapsulated Trichinella larvae. Mating takes place in the gastrointestinal tract, fertilized females are introduced into the intestinal mucosa with their anterior thinned ends. The clinical picture of trichinosis is accompanied by the development of myositis, degeneration of muscle fibers, and multiple edema. Deaths are not uncommon due to necrotic ulcerative lesions of the intestine and internal bleeding.
Bioactive materials in the traumatology of small pets
Authors: Krotova O , Bashkatova N , Savenkov K , Sklyarov S , Manjikova A
Published: December 2021

The effect of the biocomposition material was studied on the basis of synthetic hydroxyapatite, collagen and antibiotic for reparative histogenesis of bone tissue during shoulder bone fractures and forearm in dogs and implants for the tissue regeneration of the new generation Xenograft Collagen.It has been established that remodeling of the primary bone corn into the secondary in the region of the fracture in the dogs studied was diverse. During the experiment, it was revealed that a month after the operation on radiographs in the control group of dogs, there was a defect in which the formation of a weak periosal bone corn was observed. Endostal bone corn has not been detected. The most pronounced process proceeded by dogs in experienced groups. In the first experimental defect, a collapan was filled with a drug, and in the second used the implant in the form of the xenograft collagen granules. In animals of the first experienced group, the primary bone-cartilage corn had a more mature and developed character, intermediary and periosal corns were formed.
Application of information technologies in solving environmental problems
Authors: Eskov A V , Kiryushin I I , Medvedev Yu S , Zhuchkova V V
Published: December 2021

The examples of software and hardware solutions used in the Russian Federation, which can be used to monitor the environmental situation in various territories, are given. The possibility of using mathematical models in the fight against environmental problems, in particular, for tracking animal populations, is shown.
Environmental management system and its impact on productivity
Authors: Ushakov D , Cherkasova L , Shatila Kh
Published: December 2021

The environmental aspect is now a significant element in polluting companies’ management choices. The laws defined by the establishment of standards and requirements to guarantee a minimally contaminated environment are applicable to these companies. These standards have encouraged companies to implement environmental management systems. According to these concepts, our research aimed at assessing the improvement in productivity of companies working in the industrial sector by adopting an environment management system. We evaluated productivity by defining and estimating the manufacturing function using a sample consisting of Thailand businesses, and then utilized the panel data to test its effect upon manufacturing companies’ productivity by adopting the environmental management system. The installation of an EMS and productivity have been favourable and significantly correlated
Discharge of drill cuttings in the Arctic seas and responses of bottom fauna: bivalve Mytilus edulis L.
Authors: Gudimov A V
Published: December 2021

Drill cuttings are the largest solid waste of drilling operations. Onsite discharge of drill cuttings into the marine environment is relevant and can be permitted under certain conditions and regulations. Environmental impact of the on-site discharge of drill cuttings is poorly understood for the Arctic shelf. A risk assessment of the discharge is required and the related biological effects are estimated in bioassays on various local species. The sublethal screening tests of water-soluble fraction of drill cutting (WSF DC) were performed on a test-organism of the Barents Sea coast, blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Physiological (oxygen consumption and filtration rates) and behavioral (shell gaping) activity of mussels was affected by the tested WSF DC above the certain threshold concentration. In general, biological effects of WSF DC might be assumed as a toxic stress of low intensity. Behavioral responses are the most sensitive in blue mussels and behavior of this sentinel organism is to be applied as a reliable indicator of environmental stress. Environmental impact from the drill cuttings of water based drilling fluid appears to be less toxic-stressful for M. edulis and many other bottom invertebrates than it might be expected from release of some drilling fluids.
Ecological and biological features of silver birch (Betula pendula) in the conditions of an industrial city
Authors: Zaripova R S , Kolpakova M V , Smirnova A V , Sabirov I T , Galiev L M
Published: December 2021

The article provides data on phenology, on the content of ascorbic acid in Betula pendula Roth., growing in the conditions of the industrial city of Naberezhnye Chelny in the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a region of the Russian Federation. It is noted that natural phytocenoses are characterized by lower air temperatures in comparison with plantations of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises and highway plantings. According to phenological data, in urban plantings, there was observed an increase in defects, a decrease in the vital state, which is associated with severe damage to leaf blades, the formation of leaf necrosis, a decrease in the living area of leaves, which is a consequence of an intense technogenic load on woody plants. It was revealed that the content of ascorbic acid in birch leaves depends on the vegetation stage.
Assessment of acoustic pollution of areas bordering highways
Authors: Antonenko E V , Yu Melnichuk A , Popovich V V
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the peculiarities of acoustic pollution of roadside territories. The studied territory is characterized by uneven acoustic load on the experimental sections of the highways of the Republic of Crimea, which is associated with the peculiarities of traffic flow and technical characteristics of cars. The article considers the indicators of the equivalent and maximum levels of motor vehicle noise. As the research result, the excess of noise level from 10 to 30 dBA was revealed. The maximum level of acoustic pollution was recorded in 10-meter zone, at a distance of 30 m from the noise source the level of acoustic pollution is reduced to 5-10 dBA.
The experimental research of sorption and destruction of diesel fuel by fucus algae of the Barents sea
Authors: Voskoboinikov G , Pugovkin D , Metelkova L
Published: December 2021

There was shown the role of live and dry algae Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) in the purification of the coastal waters from petroleum products. It was revealed that live algae can be effectively used for preventive, daily purification of marine water, when the content of diesel fuel does not exceed 3 mg/l. For the first time, the prospect of using dry fucus for bioremediation of marine water in emergencies creating a concentration of petroleum products in water of 1 g/l has been determined. In the case of using living plants to neutralize toxicant, the decisive role in the process belongs to the symbiotic association of algae and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. In case of using dry algae, dried macrophytes become a reservoir for the accumulation of diesel fuel. The main work on the destruction of hydrocarbons, probably, lies on HOB, as well as on physicochemical processes. Metabolic processes inherent in living algae and leading to the destruction of petroleum hydrocarbons weren’t determined in this case.
Activation of Artemia cysts with the use of different substances
Authors: Dyakovskaya Ekaterina , Pishchenko Elena , Moryzi Irina
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to study the use of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid of different concentrations as an activator for the incubation of artemia cysts. The work was carried out on cysts of artemia taken from several lakes of the Novosibirsk region (Western Siberia). During incubation, a standard method was used: the salinity of the water was 3%, the water temperature was 28□C, continuous aeration was carried out, constant illumination was 2000 lux. An activator was added to the water at different concentrations: ascorbic acid - 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 g/l; hydrogen peroxide - 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1. The maximum hatching was observed at a concentration of 0.6 g/l of hydrogen peroxide, 82% for cysts from Lake Sakhalin and 68% - from Lake Barbashi. When using ascorbic acid, the maximum hatching of cysts was observed at a concentration of 0.1 g/l: Sakhalin - 81.4, Pokrovka - 75.3 and Barbashi - 66.7%. When using other concentrations of activators, the percentage of cysts hatching decreased. The obtained results indicate the need to select the activating substance and its concentration of activation of cysts for each lake individually.
Adaptive and pathological responses of cyprinidae liver towards habitat in the Volga delta
Authors: Burlakov Ivan , Volkova Irina , Kryuchkov Vicktor , Egorova Vera , Seidalieva Leila
Published: December 2021

Human impact on ecosystems makes it imperative to monitor populations of different fish species from various perspectives. The consequence of environmental impact on living organisms is the reactions of organs and organ systems, which find their reflection in pathological changes in the fish body particularly. Reactions in the fish body are the result of the combined influence of environmental factors and natural physiological processes associated with feeding, migrations, generative cycles, etc. The changes in the structure of organs detected in fish make it possible to assess the influence of the environment on fish. The research was carried out in the Volga delta, the Bereket (upper delta) and the Kostyl (lower delta) rivers. Reservoirs for research were chosen in such a way that they were subject to anthropogenic influence to varying degrees. Unfavorable living environment represented by pollutants increase the functional load on the liver. The research has shown an increase in the liver index in fish from reservoirs with a higher level of anthropogenic load. Metabolic functioning of liver cells is considered as an important protective mechanism against toxicants, while the associated transformations are somehow connected with detoxification. Histological preparations were made according to standard methods.
Baikal endemic sponge disease and anthropogenic factor
Authors: Maikova O , Bukshuk N , Kravtsova L , Nebesnyh I , Yakhnenko A , Butina T , Khanaev I
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of observations of the state of the Baikal endemic sponge fauna (Fam. Lubomirskiidae) in the five-year dynamics against the background of their mass mortality. We indicate the change in the projective bottom cover with healthy and diseased sponges at two sites that are radically different from each other in the level of anthropogenic pressure. We also analyse the types of diseases and sponge species exposed to these at the study sites. We observe a significant decrease in the area of the projective bottom cover with healthy sponges both at the site experiencing heavy anthropogenic pressure and at the site where it is almost absent. However, our data have indicated great influence of the anthropogenic factor on the course of the disease and death of sponges. Degradation of sponges at the anthropogenically unfavourable site began much earlier than that at the site with the minimum anthropogenic impact. The most common species are the most susceptible to all types of diseases. At the same time, there is a catastrophic decrease in the abundance of the only branching species in Lake Baikal, Lubomirskia baikalensis.
Anthropogenic plutonium radioisotopes in the ecosystem components of Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)
Authors: Paraskiv A , Tereshchenko N , Proskurnin V , Chuzhikova-Proskurnina O , Trapeznikov A , Plataev A
Published: December 2021

Modern levels (2010-2020) of 239+240Pu activity concentration in Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea) surface waters, 0-5 cm layer of bottom sediments and hydrobionts were determined by multistage radiochemical technique. The 239+240Pu activity concentrations in Sevastopol Bay surface water were on relatively low level: 1.08±0.09 - 1.54±0.17 mBqnr3. The maximum value of 239+240Pu activity concentration in the bottom sediments surface layer was observed in Sevastopol Bay mouth (993±90 mBqkg1) and it decreased with distance from the bay entrance to its tail end down to the minimum value - 276±53 mBqkg1. Based on these results as well as on published data the 239+240Pu deposition density distribution in the bay boxes and their inventory in 0-5 cm layer of bottom sediments were estimated in every boxes. Total 239+240Pu inventory in the bottom sediments surface layer was estimated at 121 MBq, with the highest deposition density value determined in the mouth part of the bay. Among studied hydrobiont species the highest 239+240Pu content was determined for mollusks (for their shells) Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) while the lowest - for fish Scorpaena poreus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accumulation ability of studied ecosystem components of Sevastopol Bay against 239+240Pu was characterized by evaluating concentration factors (Cf). It was shown that the bottom sediments of the bay were the main depot for plutonium anthropogenic radionucludes (Cf (239+240Pu) = n-105). The Cf (239+240Pu) were from two to three orders of magnitude lower for the hydrobionts of the bay: n-103 for brown algae and mollusks and n-102 for green algae and fish.
Black Sea turbot sperm motility depending on the dilution of seawater
Authors: Baiandina Iu
Published: December 2021

The sperm motility of fish reflects their fertilizing ability. Sperm activation in fish with external fertilization occurs in an isotonic medium (sea or freshwater). The duration of sperm motility is a compromise between the level of energy reserves possessed by the sperm and the process of osmotic damage it experiences in the activating medium. Under natural conditions, various biotic and abiotic factors can affect the characteristics of motility. At the same time, when assessing the reproductive potential of males in laboratory conditions, the dilution and methods of its activation have a significant effect on the characteristics of sperm quality (namely, speed, the proportion of motile spermatozoa, and the time of their activity). In our work, we determined the main characteristics of the motility of the Black Sea turbot sperm at a dilution of 1:10 and 1: 100 with seawater. We have shown that, the average speed and percentage of motile sperm significantly decrease with higher dilution of seawater.
Investigation of air pollution with fine dust during repair and construction work inside premises
Authors: Evtushenko Alexandr , Lupinogin Vladislav , Kaluzgina Ekaterina , Strelyaeva Alexandra , Sakharova Anastasia
Published: December 2021

A study of the dispersed composition of dust for various types of repair in warehouses has been carried out. The data on the concentration of dust emissions inside the premises were obtained. The dependence of the dust concentration on the distance from the place of work, the size of the emitted particles, the area of the room and the time spent on the work is built. An assessment is given of the impact of reconstruction work in warehouses on environmental pollution by dust emissions. The concentration and ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 particles were calculated to determine dustiness and negative impact on the environment.
Innovative directions for improving energy efficiency in the industrial sector: environmental aspect
Authors: Armashova-Telnik G , Bobovich T , Terentyeva Y , Semenova V
Published: December 2021

To date, there is a need to improve the energy efficiency of Russian industry, which is due to the main aspects of the state of domestic energy. World experience demonstrates that it is. Among such tools, automated control systems can be distinguished, which allow for accurate and fast monitoring of energy consumption, as a result of which the reliability of accounting becomes higher, energy costs are optimized. Accounting for energy resources is a strategically important task, on which the economy of any country directly depends. Currently, energy occupies a central place in the efforts of the international community to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, which is related to ensuring international energy security. Currently, energy occupies a central place in the efforts of the international community to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, which is related to ensuring international energy security. The strategic guidelines for improving energy efficiency are the directions of development of digitalization mechanisms and optimization of the functioning of environmental policy in the energy sector. Digitalization and automation of production processes is one of the most effective tools for changing the current situation.
Obtaining environmentally friendly cable PVC composites
Authors: Mazitova A K , Aminova G K , Zaripov I I , Klyavlin M S , Vikhareva I N
Published: December 2021

Polyvinyl chloride compositions are very popular in the cable industry. The range of domestic fireproof cable PVC plastics is limited to several manufactured brands that were developed more than 30 years ago and do not meet modern international standards. The creation of new environmentally friendly formulations of fireproof cable plastics with improved operational properties is an urgent task. This paper describes a method of synthesizing a novel ester compound of phenyl dixylenyl phosphate. The conditions for its production with maximum yield are selected. Physicochemical properties of the new flame retardant are studied. A non-toxic biodegradable PVC composition based on a plasticizer of dibutoxyethyl adipate and a novel flame retardant is formulated. The results of tests of the developed PVC-composite on the main indicators for cable products of the I40-13 brand are presented.
Investigation of the process of moisture loss during refrigerated storage of fish
Authors: Neverov Evgeniy , Korotkiy Igor , Korotkaya Elena , Neverova Olga , Proskuryakova Larisa
Published: December 2021

The purpose of current work is to study the effect of carbon dioxide on the shrinkage of smoked fish and to develop a technical solution for the implementation of technology with the use of CO2 in fish trade. We use mackerel, flounder and crucian carp as test samples. The studies were carried out in two versions: storage of fish in a chamber under traditional conditions and with the addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the refrigerating chamber. The use of carbon dioxide gas during the storage of smoked fish leads to an increase in the water-holding capacity of the fish in comparison with the traditional storage method. In our proposed method of storage in a cold atmosphere with CO2, fish shrinkage is reduced. The carbonate ions well bind water molecules in the hydration shell due to positive hydration, which slows down the processes of hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids inside the subcutaneous layer and preserves the moisture-retaining capacity of tissues. Thus, the use of carbon dioxide in the storage of smoked fish reduces weight loss and does not affect the appearance of the fish.
Non-alcoholic carbonated tonic drink technology development from grape pomace
Authors: Sergeev Mikhail , Yermolin Dmitry , Yermolina Galina
Published: December 2021

The article presents research non-alcoholic carbonated tonic drink technology development from grape pomace. It was found that Ancellotta grape pomace extraction optimal regime is 60-65 °C at least 2 hours. Pomace volume fraction in the drink should be 3%, phenols mass concentration – 200 mg/l, anthocyanin allows to get a product with a soft pink color – 10 mg/l. Drink’s sugars mass concentration is 60 g/l, titrating acids – 3 g/l.
Anatomical cutting of gutted carcases of broiler chickens of the Smena-9 cross
Authors: Makhonina V , Agafonychev V
Published: December 2021

The creation of a new cross “Smena-9” is aimed at reducing import dependence in the production of poultry products. In order to assess the meat raw material potential, morphological indicators of gutted carcasses of broiler chickens of the Smena-9 cross and individual parts were determined. The research used 5 carcasses of broilers from a batch of 38 days of age, weight, g: 1457.80; 1487.50; 1508.10; 1548.20; 1567.0. Separate parts – chest, thighs, drumsticks, legs and wings were anatomically divided into their components [muscles, skin, fat and bones with a residual lump]. The results of the experimental part of the research are reduced to average indicators: the average weight of a gutted carcass, individual parts and their components. It was found that the yield of the breast part is 36.0% [meat tissue 30.9%], the yield of the drumsticks – 29.9% [thighs – 16.45%, legs – 13.45%], wings – 10.75%, while flesh makes up 30.9%, 24.9%, and 7.8%, respectively, which exceeds the same indicators of domestic crosses. It was determined that the total yield of the breast and legs of the Smena-9 cross [65.9%] is higher by 5.3% for carcasses weighing 1600 g and by 8.8% for carcasses weighing 1850 g; for flesh, the excess is 5.8% and 5.2%, respectively. The obtained results serve as the basis for the development of normative documentation for parts of carcasses and their components of the Smena-9 cross and a system for assessing the effectiveness of equipment for cutting and deboning by the degree of approximation of the results of its operation to similar indicators for anatomical cutting and deboning.
Diagnostics of counterfeit food products
Authors: Sandakova S , Motina N
Published: December 2021

In Russia, the concept of counterfeiting is defined as “Counterfeit food products are food products that are deliberately modified (fake) and (or) have hidden properties and quality, information about which is deliberately incomplete or unreliable” [5]. According to this definition, the main sign of counterfeiting is the willfulness of counterfeiting or willful concealment of information about the properties of products that are not obvious to the buyer. For laboratory testing activities, counterfeiting is basically one of two possible identification results, i.e. compliance or non-compliance of products with the requirements established by the technical regulations of the Customs Union, legislative, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The most commonly identified nonconformity, in addition to food safety requirements, is an unreliable composition.
Morphological and anatomical features of winter rye leaves development
Authors: Kargatova A M , Stepanov S A
Published: December 2021

Differences of rye varieties in the length of lamina and sheath 1 - 6 from spike of the lamina and leaf sheath, width and area of the lamina were shown. The highest values of the studied leaf parameters were peculiar to the alien varieties of winter rye. It was found that foreign varieties were characterized by a smaller proportion of the plate area of the three upper leaves and a larger proportion for the 4th and 5th leaves (in % of the total leaf plate area). A characteristic feature of the laminae of the upper two leaves of winter rye is the absence of trichomes, instead of them there are spines 12 µm long, which are located above the conductive bundles on the adaxial side of the lamina. Stomata were located on both sides of the leaf, but there were more of them on the adaxial side of the lamina, where they were arranged in one or two rows on the flanks of the conductive bundles. Strong sclerification of conductive bundles was noted. In the most developed conducting bundles, sclerenchyma fibers were observed on both sides of the leaf lamina. The presence of stomata at the leaf sheath on both adaxial and abaxial sides is revealed. It was shown that the contribution of each leaf of upper and middle phytomeres to the total leaf area of winter rye varieties under study is different, which is important to consider when assessing their importance in the photosynthetic potential of plants.
Impact of impulse irrigation in different phases of the growing season on rice yield in the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Malysheva N , Kizinek S , Khadzhidi A , Kuznetsov E , Kravchenko L
Published: December 2021

The article presents a study of water consumption of rice crops during periodic irrigation in various interphase periods of the growing season. The experiments were carried out on a plot of 21.2 hectares in the rice-growing enterprise of the RBF “Krasnoarmeysky”. The object of the study is an intensive variety of Rapan rice of Russian selection. The subject of the study is the water regime during the growing season of rice. It was found that the transition to intermittent irrigation during the growing season of rice “germination-tillering”, “loading-flowering” and “maturation” allowed to reduce the irrigation rate by 11.4, 5.1, 1.5%, respectively, compared with traditional methods of rice irrigation. The results of harvesting rice grains showed that the average yield according to the experiment was 75.7 c/ha, which is more than in the control by 1.2 c/ha. Additional profit from increasing the yield on the experimental variants ranged from 1,440 rubles/ha to 2,880 rubles/ha, net profit - from 480 rubles/ha to 960 rubles/ha. The total economic effect of the introduction of the pulse irrigation mode into production in various interphase periods of rice cultivation ranged from 549.83 rubles/ha to 1490.71 rubles/ha.
Study of morpho-biological characteristics of rice samples grown under conditions of insufficient and optimal water supply
Authors: Kostylev P , Aksenov A , Krasnova E
Published: December 2021

The article shows the results of a morpho-biological study of rice cultivars grown in the fields of the Rostov Region under drought conditions and normal water supply. The aim of the research is a comparative structural analysis of rice samples under conditions of soil and air drought and under normal flooding with water. The formation of quantitative traits in plants under normal watering conditions and with a moisture deficit occurred in different ways. Under drought conditions, compared with the norm, the yield decreased (67.9% of the norm), the number of plants to be harvested per 1 m2, the mass of the panicle, the mass of 1000 grains; increased bushiness, the number of spikelets on the panicle and its density, the growing season “flooding with water – flowering”. The number of empty spikelets on a panicle and the percentage of empty grain increased especially strongly. The values of the remaining studied characteristics were at the same level in both variants of the experiment. The maximum yield in dry conditions was formed by the varieties Boyarin (4.43 t/ha), Contact (4.53 t/ha), Zolotye vshody (4.60 t/ha) and Sukhodol (4.60 t/ha). Drought-resistant forms that can be used to create dry-land rice varieties have been identified.
Results of ultrasonic effects studied in pre-sowing barley seed stimulation
Authors: Didmanidze O , Dorokhov A , Mosyakov M , Kravchenko L , Lylin N , Koltsov A
Published: December 2021

This research aims to study the process of stimulation and the choice of optimal modes of seed treatment by ultrasonic exposure. Agricultural production faces providing the population with high-quality and affordable agricultural products, raw materials, and food. It is also an important task to provide livestock breeding with a full-fledged feed base. Barley is one of the high-protein cereals with 8-15% protein content in the grain. According to several scientists, field germination of barley seeds averages 65.8% [1]. In most cases, this is due to insufficient moisture during the growing season in difficult soil and climatic conditions. In most cases, this is due to insufficient moisture during the growing season in difficult soil and climatic conditions.It is necessary to conduct exploratory studies to determine the intensity of ultrasonic radiation and its duration, to determine the influence of the selected ultrasonic effect on the process of swelling and oxygen penetration into the seeds.
Screening of breeding material of naked barley for breeding-valuable traits in the conditions of the Rostov region
Authors: Doroshenko E , Filippov Y , Dontsova A , Dontsov D
Published: December 2021

The Southern Federal District is one of the main grain-producing regions of the Russian Federation. The share of the Southern Federal District, in which the Rostov Region is located, accounts for 12-15% of the total Russian barley production. In solving the problem of a further increase in yield and an increase in the quality characteristics of grain, the priority belongs to the variety. As a result of a long-term study of the collection of naked barley, sources of valuable traits and properties were identified: high grain content of an ear: K-9010 (Turkey), Akka (Israel), Nuda Bianco (Italy), 1057-1923 (Czech Republic), Buck CDC (Canada), K-266 (Pakistan); the number of productive stems per unit area: Kitaki-nadaka (Japan), K-11182 (Japan), K-3772 (Dagestan), Golozerny (RF); early maturity: Omsk golozerny 1 (RF), Brunee (Ethiopia), NB-owa (Nepal), K-11182 (Japan), Golozerny (RF), K-3038 (Turkmenistan), K-3426 (Japan), K-19103 (India), K-26598 (Ethiopia), K-266 (Pakistan), Korona Laschego (Poland). Over the years of research on a complex of traits, a number of samples have been identified that combine a high potential of grain productivity with resistance to lodging, different duration of the growing season and plant height: K-26598 (Ethiopia), 84469/70 (Czech Republic), CDC Dawn (Canada), Holozerny (RF), 1057-1923 (Czech Republic), Omsk Holozerny 1 (RF), K-6099 (Afghanistan), Akka (Israel), Kitaki-hadaka (Japan).
Assessment of winter soft and durum wheat varieties for resistance to yellow and dark brown spots
Authors: Shishkin N , Derova T , Kovalenko N , Ivanisov M , Kononenko O
Published: December 2021

Winter wheat varieties sown in the Rostov region are characterized by varying degrees of resistance to pests. The size and quality of the wheat harvest are threatened not only by weather conditions, but are reduced by various pathogens, among which yellow and dark brown spots have recently played a large role. Therefore, the aim of the research is to search for sources of resistance among varieties and samples of winter wheat to the causative agents of pyrenophora (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and dark brown spot (Cochliobolus sativus). Resistant varieties serve as an ideal factor inhibiting epiphytotics and improving the ecological environment in general. Disease monitoring was carried out in research and production teams of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy”. Laboratory research - in the laboratory of mycology and phytopathology of the All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection. The object of research is 226 varieties and samples of winter soft and durum wheat obtained from the department of selection of winter wheat of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the ANC “Donskoy”. It was established: in laboratory conditions (VIZR), 15 varieties and samples showed high resistance to yellow spot in soft winter wheat of intensive type. In studies on resistance to dark brown spot out of 155 samples of winter soft wheat, no highly resistant ones were found.
Expression patterns of genes associated with antifungal protection in response to Fusarium infection in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Vasilchenko N , Mekhantseva K , Gorovtsov A , Chistyakov V , Alekseenko L , Volkov I , Balinskaya M
Published: December 2021

The article presents data on the effect of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium on the expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of various enzymes and other protein molecules involved in the induced immunity of Triticum aestivum plants (Pathogen Resistance protein, PR - proteins). The effect of suspensions containing conidia of phytopathogenic fungi in various concentrations (104,106,108 conidia per 1 ml per 100 grams of seeds) was evaluated under the conditions of a model experiment. The data on the effect of Fusarium fungi on the morphometric parameters of winter wheat are also presented. During the work, it was found that the treatment with a conidial suspension has the greatest effect on morphometric parameters, and over time the difference with the control becomes the most noticeable; and that in the presence of fungi the expression of pathogenesis-associated protein PR-1, chitinase PR-3 and inhibitor of proteinases (PR-6) is the most active.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Fungicide Comissar Against Rice Pyricularia
Authors: Bezmutko S , Vyborova T , Lelyavskaya V
Published: December 2021

The results of research on the effectiveness of the fungicide Comissar are presented, EC (active agents propiconazole, 300 g/l and tebuconazole, 200 g/l) against rice Pyricularia, in the conditions of laboratory and vegetation experiments. The experiment was conducted in 2016-2017 in the Primorsky Territory. The fungicide was used at the consumption rate of 0.3 l/ha and 0.4 l/ha one time. In the primary laboratory tests on pure culture Pyricularia oryzae a high inhibitory activity of the drug against the coastal population of rice Pyricularia was revealed. It is noticed that Comissar significantly inhibits the growth of fungal colonies in all tested concentrations. Treatment of the nutriculture medium with solutions of the drug provides a significant preventive effect on the development of P. oryzae compared to an untreated control. The effectiveness of the drug was 100% on the 7th day and 89.3-90.4% on the 14th day. It was found that the use of the drug as a fungicide for the treatment of vegetative rice plants significantly reduces the development of Pyricularia. Comissar has a high biological efficacy against the pathogen at 47.4% (0.3 l/ha) and 62.7% (0.4 l/ha). The use of the fungicide contributed to the active growth of plants and it increased the main productivity indicators: the length of the panicle by 2.08-32.17 cm, the number of filled grains by 3.0-4.5 pcs. and their mass by 0.21-0.24 g per plant, as well as the mass of 1000 grains by 4.91-5.51 g. The maximum reliable increase in grain yield by 3.77 g/vessel was obtained in the variant using a fungicide at the minimum consumption rate.
Influence of Spring Wheat Growing Conditions on Alpha-Amylase Activity in Grain
Authors: Mishchenko L , Terekhin M , Terekhin N , Muratov A
Published: December 2021

The meteorological conditions in which organogenesis stages take place and hydrothermal regime can determine the phenotypic manifestation of quantitative signs, such as, for example, the activity of alpha-amylase. The purpose of our work was to determine what factors (temperature, precipitation, heterothermal coefficient) affect the enzyme activity, at what time of the vegetation, and in what way this influence is evident. The analysis of weather conditions and falling number (FN) for the period from 2011 to 2020 was carried out. Analysis of the FN value over 10 years showed that it can vary from 90 s to 429 s, and at that, the nature of its change is the same, regardless of whether we are considering one variety or the average value for a group of varieties. The correlation coefficient between the FN of a group of varieties and individual FN is 0.94-0.98. Generally, during the vegetation season, the alpha-amylase activity was influenced to a greater extent by the amount of precipitation than by temperature. This dependence is negative - an increase in precipitation leads to a decrease in the FN, and, consequently, to an increase in the enzyme activity. However, it was found that in different phases of ontogeny the influence of temperature and precipitation can be diametrically opposite.