bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Uber on the Tourism Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Park So Young , Kim JunYun , Pan Bing
Published: September 2020

An unreliable and inefficient public transportation system can be a barrier to the successful development of a destination’s tourism industry. Uber, a convenient ride-hailing service, can complement underdeveloped public transport and play a significant role in stimulating the tourism economy by increasing tourists’ mobility and accessibility to attractions and service facilities. Using the data of 48 sub-Saharan African countries, this study conducted propensity score matching and difference-in-differences analysis to empirically examine the influence of Uber on a country’s tourism industry. The results showed that Uber contributed $20 million annually in total tourist spending—$24 per tourist spending—on average, to a country’s economy between 2013 and 2016. However, it did not have a significant influence on the number of international arrivals. The findings of this study provided insights into the benefits of Uber service in promoting per tourist spending by providing a reliable and efficient means of travel.
A Timely Retrospective on the Need and Potential for Change
Authors: Riley Kristine
Published: September 2020

This review examines Hans Toch’s “ Organizational change through individual empowerment: Applying social psychology in prisons and policing” and discusses important lessons for today’s change-makers. Toch reflects on some of the most formative moments of his career at the intersection of social psychology research and criminal justice reform through powerful illustrations of people’s ability to change themselves, and sometimes, the institutions they inhabit. Toch’s human-centered approach to research and culture change is evident in every story, shining a light on much needed values, principles, and questions for the current era of criminal justice reform.
Gender Mainstreaming in the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence: Lessons on the Implementation of Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+)
Authors: Johnstone Rachael , Momani Bessma
Published: September 2020

This article uses the Canadian military’s gender-mainstreaming strategy—gender-based analysis plus (or GBA+)—as a case study to explore the implementation of gender mainstreaming in militaries. Utilizing a mixed method approach, including group interviews and surveys, we employ Jahan’s model of gender mainstreaming to understand how GBA+ has been operationalized. We argue that the implementation of GBA+ in the Defense Force constitutes a more superficial integrationist approach to the implementation of gender mainstreaming rather than a transformative, agenda-setting approach, despite the internalization of messaging to the contrary by many in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and the Department of National Defence (DND). While not ideal, we suggest that an integrationist approach does not necessarily mean a GBA+ agenda will fail in a male-dominated organization like the CAF; rather, we contend that it could constitute a valuable starting point for progressive, large-scale change.
Caste and Organization Studies: Our Silence Makes Us Complicit
Authors: Chrispal Snehanjali , Bapuji Hari , Zietsma Charlene
Published: September 2020

The caste system has received scant attention in organization studies, despite persisting over thousands of years, influencing the socioeconomic lives of over a billion people around the world and subjecting over 300 million people to severe socioeconomic discrimination. By overlooking caste, scholars risk conforming subaltern empirics to imperialist knowledge and miss the nuance and complexity that caste can bring to organization studies. We argue that the caste system is an institution that affects the workplace, yet it is difficult to dismantle because of its rooting in bodies and the sacred, which strips away agency. As an institution that is deeply embodied, caste has implications for institutional work, precarious work and modern slavery. We conclude with a call for scholarly engagement with caste to study its implications in the pursuit of grand challenges and inclusive organizations.
Office Design, Neoliberal Governmentality and Professional Service Firms
Authors: Picard Claire-France , Durocher Sylvain , Gendron Yves
Published: September 2020

This paper examines how neoliberal governmentality is conveyed and promoted through office design technologies within professional service firms (PSFs). Our data, constituted through interviews with firm representatives and site visits, points to the pursuit by PSF management of a core principle of marketization, which is promoted through a range of spatial technologies inscribed in the office space to sustain the development of subjectivities reflective of Homo economicus. Specifically, we found that fluid open-plan layouts and adaptable workplaces constitute technologies of government with great ambitions, aiming to cultivate a paradoxical climate of cooperative competitiveness within the firm, a constant endeavor toward efficiency, and a transformation of firm members into neoliberal self-entrepreneurs. One of the chief ideas that motivates office designers is to provide PSF members with the freedom to work how, where, and when they want in order to meet their firm’s imperatives of effectiveness and client satisfaction. Ultimately, our study shows that office design initiatives within PSFs constitute tools of neoliberal governmentality that aim to govern subtly the emancipation of firm members as accomplished self-entrepreneurs.
Gnarly Freelancers: Professional Skateboarders’ Labor and Social-Media Use in the Neoliberal Economy
Authors: Nichols L. Dugan
Published: September 2020

The working conditions of professional skateboarders are rarely investigated in academic literature or traditional skate media (e.g., Thrasher Magazine). This article contextualizes skateboarding labor and compares its professionals with other freelance contractors in the precarious neoliberal economy. It also explores the role of social media in skateboarders’ careers; while experiencing data mining and the fetishism of digital devices like any other online user, pro skaters must adopt platforms (e.g., YouTube) for their career advancement, as greater notoriety leads to corporate sponsorships. I outline the multiple hats that skaters wear, such as the sponsored athlete, the walking advertisement, and most importantly the emerging social-media adept. Within this context, the article further details the coercive forces keeping skaters amenable to sponsoring companies and industry insiders, such as the pejorative label of “kook.” Finally, I explain a contradiction that the profusion of Web 2.0 use has led to slight but not proportional coverage of skaters’ working conditions.
Effects on walking performance and lower body strength by short message service guided training after stroke or transient ischemic attack (The STROKEWALK Study): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vahlberg Birgit , Lundström Erik , Eriksson Staffan , Holmbäck Ulf , Cederholm Tommy
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To evaluate whetherdaily mobile-phone delivered messages with training instructions during three months increase physical activity and overall mobility in patients soon after stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Design:

Randomised controlled trial with intention-to-treat analyses.

Setting:

University hospital. Data collection from November 2016 until December2018.

Subjects:

Seventy-nine patients (mean (SD) age 63.9 (10.4) years, 29 were women) were allocated to either intervention ( n = 40) or control group ( n = 39). Participants had to be independent (modified Ranking Scale ⩽2) and able to perform the six-minute walking test at discharge from the hospital.

Interventions:

The intervention group received standard care and daily mobile phone instructional text messages to perform regular outdoor walking and functional leg exercises. The control group received standard care; that is, primary care follow-up.

Main measures:

Walking performance by six-minute walking test (m), lower body strength by five times chair-stand test (s), the short physical performance battery (0–12 points) and 10-metres walk test (m/s) were assessed at baseline and after three months.

Results:

The estimated median difference in the six-minute walking test was in favour of the intervention group by 30 metres (95% CI, 55 to 1; effect size 0.64; P = 0.037) and in the chair-stand test by 0.88 seconds (95% CI, 0.02 to 1.72; effect size 0.64; P = 0.034). There were no differences between groups on the short physical performance battery or in 10-metres walking time.

Conclusions:

Three months of daily mobile phone text messages with guided training instructions improved composite mobility measures; that is, walking performanceand lower body strength.

Clinical Trial Registry:

The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02902367.
Estimating and projecting the populations of urban communities
Authors: Rees P
Published: September 2020

The author describes a model for estimating and projecting the populations of communities living in small areas within cities. The model provides a means of updating the demographic inputs needed for projection between censuses and means of developing scenarios of demographic change and housing development. The method for estimating small-area populations between censuses is evaluated with recently published 1991 Census data. Single-year age-group detail is provided and the associated databases are embedded in a flexible user interface. Illustrative projections are discussed and interpreted for the northern English city of Bradford.
Age-specific migration and regional diversity
Authors: Morrill R
Published: September 2020

This author examines patterns of age-specific migration between 1980 and 1990 for a small, growing region, the Pacific Northwest of the USA, with the purpose of assessing the degree of geographic diversity in experience. A simple typology of the expected spatial and structural pattern of age-specific migration is proposed. Ouster analysis is used to group counties on the basis of age-specific rates of net migration. Even this fairly small region is found to exemplify most of the patterns that might be expected to occur in the nation as a whole.
Monitoring intercensal migration in the United Kingdom
Authors: Stillwell J C H
Published: September 2020

This author demonstrates the utility of the National Health Service Central Register of patient reregistrations for providing continuous information for monitoring changes over time in migration behaviour within the United Kingdom. An information system has been constructed that contains annual time-series data with which to illustrate trends in the volume, composition, and geographical distribution of migration during the 1980s. Issues of data reliability and system expansion are amongst those discussed.
Environmental rights and the US system of protection: Why the US Environmental Protection Agency is not a rights-based administrative agency
Authors: Mackay M B
Published: September 2020

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been the subject of much controversy during the twenty or so years since its establishment—much more controversy than other agencies created at around the same time. Descriptions of the EPA's failures often focus upon the inherent faults in its structure and on the statutes it was asked to administer. One point almost completely ignored is the fact that, unlike other agencies of the ‘rights revolution’, the EPA has been asked to protect an entity not yet truly recognized as a right. Although the EPA was a product of the ‘rights revolution’, it was not a rights-based agency, and was probably never intended to be so. This helps to explain why it has failed to meet its statutory mandates-all three branches of government have been able to minimize the effects of environmental regulation without ever having to consider fully the environmental rights of the citizenry. The National Environmental Policy Act provided the citizenry with the assurance that environmental interests would be considered within the governmental and bureaucratic decisionmaking process, but this was no guarantee of rights. In this paper it is suggested that without any recognition of true environmental rights it will always be possible for pro-development interests to reduce the obligations and effects of environmental protection legislation upon industry.
Clinical implications of transversus abdominis plane block (TAP-block) for robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A single-institute analysis
Authors: Chiancone Francesco , Fabiano Marco , Ferraiuolo Maria , de Rosa Lucia , Prisco Elena , Fedelini Maurizio , Meccariello Clemente , Visciola Giulio , Fedelini Paolo
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TAP block in improvement of anesthesiological management and perioperative surgical outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP).

Methods:

We consecutive enrolled 93 patients with prostate cancer whose underwent RALP at our department from January 2019 to December 2019. Group A included 45 patients who received bilateral TAP block, and Group B included 48 patients who did not received TAP block. TAP blocks were always performed by a single anesthesia team. An elastomeric pump device was used in all patients for post-operative pain management. TAP block was performed according to Rafi’s technique, with Ropivacaine 0.375% and dexamethasone 4 mg. Mean values with standard deviations (±SD) were computed and reported for all items. Statistical significance was achieved if p-value was ⩽0.05 (two-sides).

Results:

The two groups showed no difference in the most important demographics and baseline characteristics ( p > 0.05). Group A showed a significant longer time of anaesthesia. Moreover, Ketorolac doses (started dose plus continuous post-operative infusion via elastomeric pump) used in Group A were significantly lower than Group B. Despite this, Group B showed statistical significant higher value of NRS PACU and at 12, 24, 48, 72 h than Group A but not at 96 h. Rescue analgesic medication use was significantly higher in the Group B than Group A. Moreover, patency of the intestinal tract and time to ambulation was significantly lower in the Group A.

Discussion:

The use of TAP block during a RALP is a safe procedure that can be applied more appropriately to achieve better pain control. A multimodal protocol that includes locoregional anesthesia, reduction of intra and postoperative use of strong opiates, correct placing of the patient and the use of low pneumoperitoneum pressures should be implemented in order to reach a faster and better post-operative full recovery of patients whose underwent RALP.
A philosophy of cultural modernity: Márkus’s contribution to the philosophy of culture
Authors: Sinnerbrink Robert
Published: September 2020

As Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sydney for over 20 years (1978–2001), György Márkus exerted a profound influence on a generation of philosophers and students from many disciplinary backgrounds. His legendary lecture courses, spanning the history of modern philosophy from the Enlightenment through to the late 20th century, were memorable for their breadth, erudition, and philosophical drama. Always modest despite his mastery of the tradition, Márkus’s approach to this history of philosophy never failed to emphasize its continuing role in shaping our inherited understanding of philosophy as ‘its own time comprehended in thoughts’ (Hegel). This is especially true of his contribution to the philosophical discourse of modernity, which we could summarize as comprising an original philosophy of cultural modernity. In what follows, I briefly reconstruct Márkus’s account of the adventures of the concept of culture, focusing on his definitive essay ‘The Path of Culture: From the Refined to the High, From the Popular to Mass Culture’ (2013) but also referring to other relevant Márkus texts, offering some critical remarks on his account of culture and its relationship with modern aesthetics, both classical and contemporary.
“You Want to Catch the Biggest Thing Going in the Ocean”: A Qualitative Analysis of Intimate Partner Stalking
Authors: Flowers Caroline , Winder Belinda , Slade Karen
Published: September 2020

This study employs a qualitative phenomenological exploration of the “lived” experiences of male intimate partner stalking (IPS) perpetrators serving a custodial sentence in the United Kingdom for an offense related to intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of this study is to capture the nature and complexity of the experiences of the pathway to IPS from the perspective of the perpetrator. The study seeks to provide a unique understanding of how IPS perpetrators attribute meaning to their behavior, illuminating the underpinning cognitive characteristics and emotions that play a role in their behavior. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven men with a history of IPS behavior. The resultant transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Five superordinate themes reflecting participants’ experiences were identified: (a) “The quest for attention and affection creating connection,”(b) “Conflicted identity and extremes of self,” (c) “My life, a film set,” (d) “Gameplaying: One step ahead,” and (e) “Severed connections, changing the Gameplay.” The findings are presented in relation to the existing literature and theoretical frameworks which seek to explain stalking perpetration. The analysis provides a greater understanding of men who have engaged in IPS behavior, demonstrating how hearing the perspective of the perpetrator has value in informing theory and intervention. The study has provided valuable insight into the cognitive characteristics of this population and a rich understanding of the profiles of men who have engaged in IPS behavior. Implications for forensic practice, policy, and research are outlined, and recommendations for future research and overall limitations are discussed.
How Do Politicians Capture a State? Evidence from State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Szarzec Katarzyna , Totleben Bartosz , Piątek Dawid
Published: September 2020

This article discusses political state capture in the context of party patronage. Evidence of this is delivered from state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and the rotations of members of their management and supervisory boards. In this case, it is deemed that an interest group, which consists of politicians and representatives in the government administration, decides about the appointment and dismissal of board members through the corporate governance of SOEs and ownership policy of the state. We analyzed the scale and intensity of rotations in Poland of about twelve thousand joint-stock companies in the years 2001–2017 according to their ownership structure. We show that changes of managers and supervisory board members in state-owned enterprises are higher than in private companies and are related to political elections. We estimated that on average three months after a new government is formed, a peak of changes in the composition of boards is observed, though they are earlier in the case of a supervisory board. We conclude that this can be regarded as an example of state capture by politicians.
Spontaneous Distractor Reactivation With Age: Evidence for Bound Target-Distractor Representations in Memory
Authors: Amer Tarek , Ngo K. W. Joan , Weeks Jennifer C. , Hasher Lynn
Published: September 2020

Reduced attentional control with age is associated with the processing and maintenance of task-irrelevant information in memory. Yet the nature of these memory representations remains unclear. We present evidence that, relative to younger adults ( n = 48), older adults ( n = 48) both (a) store simultaneously presented target and irrelevant information as rich, bound memory representations and (b) spontaneously reactivate irrelevant information when presented with previously associated targets. In a three-stage implicit reactivation paradigm, re-presenting a target picture that was previously paired with a distractor word spontaneously reactivated the previously associated word, making it become more accessible than an unreactivated distractor word in a subsequent implicit memory task. The accessibility of reactivated words, indexed by priming, was also greater than the degree of distractor priming shown by older adults in a control condition ( n = 48). Thus, reduced attentional control influences the processing and representation of incoming information.
Affect, Attention, and Episodic Performance
Authors: Weiss Howard M. , Merlo Kelsey L.
Published: September 2020

Any individual’s work performance can vary from day to day and even over the course of a single day. Traditional, static models of job performance that focus on modeling between-person differences in job performance can provide only an incomplete picture of work-performance processes. In this article, we explore within-person variability in performance and its association with changing emotional states and attentional resources. First, the notion of performance episodes is introduced as a useful unit for modeling within-person performance across the workday. Second, we explore the emotion–performance link and show that affective states influence work performance by impacting the attentional resources dedicated to the task. Finally, the variability in affective experiences is discussed in terms of core affect and emotion episodes and their unique effect on individuals’ attention and regulatory resources. The results describe a generalized model of work performance that is influenced by co-occurring affective states and fluctuating attentional resources.
Preparation and characterization of green polymer by copolymerization of corn oil and sulphur at molten state
Authors: Abbasi Amin , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Yahya Wan Zaireen Nisa , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Ghumman Ali Shaan
Published: September 2020

Vegetable oils are a promising class of bioresources for producing green polymeric materials to reduce the dependence on petro-based polymers. In this study, a green copolymer prepared by thermal copolymerization corn oil with sulphur at its molten state is reported for the first time. The proportions of sulphur to corn oil (w/w%) in the reaction mixture were varied in the range of 50/50 to 80/20 and the reactions were carried out at 170°C for 1 h. The obtained copolymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The percentage of the unsaturated fatty acid portion was found to act as a multifunctional monomer stabilizing polysulphide forming crosslinked structures that vary depending on reactant sulphur content. The obtained copolymers were found to be amorphous thermosets with heavily crosslinked structures and composite morphologies. The copolymers also showed high thermal stability under nitrogen atmosphere. The new copolymers are environmentally friendly hybrid material promoting green chemistry with a potential added value to abundantly available sulphur and corn oil.
Sport and British Jewish identity
Authors: Dart Jon
Published: September 2020

This article examines the relationship between sport and Jewish identity. The experiences of Jewish people have rarely been considered in previous sport-related research which has typically focused on ‘Black’ and South Asian individuals, sports clubs, and organisations. Drawing on data generated from interviews ( n = 20) and focus groups ( n = 2) with individuals based in one British city, this article explores how their Jewish identity was informed, and shaped by, different sports activities and spaces. This study’s participants were quick to correct the idea that sport was alien to Jewish culture and did not accept the stereotype that ‘Jews don’t play sport’. The limited historical research on sport and Jewish people and the ongoing debates around Jewish identity are noted before exploring the role of religion and the suggestion that Jewish participation in sport is affected by the Shabbat (sabbath). Participants discussed how sports clubs acted as spaces for the expression and re/affirmation of their Jewish identity, before they reflected on the threats posed to the wider Jewish community by secularism, assimilation, and antisemitism. The article concludes by discussing how the sporting experiences of the study’s British Jewish participants compare with the experiences of individuals from other ethnic minority communities.
“There Are so Many Nuances . . . ”: Health Care Providers’ Perspectives of Pain Communication With Hmong Patients in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Lor Maichou , Rabago David , Backonja Miroslav
Published: September 2020

Introduction

While researchers have studied Hmong patients with limited English proficiency in pain communication, no research has examined primary care providers’ (PCPs’) interpretation of Hmong pain communication. This study examines PCPs’ pain communication experience with Hmong patients.

Method

A qualitative content analysis was conducted with PCPs. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Results

Fifteen PCPs—including seven physicians, one osteopathic physician, four nurse practitioners, and three physician assistants—participated. PCPs’ interpretations of pain communication with Hmong patients were characterized by three themes: (a) the providers experienced pain communication problems related to language, (b) the providers perceived the Hmong to have different beliefs about pain, and (c) the providers used different strategies to improve communication.

Discussion

The findings suggest that challenges are present in achieving effective pain communication between Hmong patients and their PCPs. Ineffective pain communication hinders the delivery of culturally congruent health care for Hmong patients.
Enfortumab Vedotin-ejfv: A First-in-Class Anti–Nectin-4 Antibody-Drug Conjugate for the Management of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Halford Zachery , Anderson Mary Kate , Clark Matthew D.
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, dosing, cost, and clinical implications of enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (EV) in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed (inception to August 2020) was conducted using the terms enfortumab, vedotin, Padcev, and Nectin. Data were also obtained from package inserts, meeting abstracts, and ongoing studies from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All relevant published articles, package inserts, and meeting abstracts evaluating EV for the treatment of UC were analyzed.

Data Synthesis:

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver potent cytotoxic agents using highly selective monoclonal antibodies. Targeting the near-universal expression of Nectin-4 on UC cells is a viable therapeutic strategy. In a pivotal phase II trial, EV demonstrated an overall response rate of 44%, and a median duration of response of 7.6 months. Estimated overall survival was 11.7 months with a median estimated progression-free survival of 5.6 months. Results were similar among difficult-to-treat patients, including those with liver metastases. Unique toxicity concerns with EV require careful consideration and monitoring.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

EV, a first-in-class anti–Nectin-4 ADC, provides impressive response rates with manageable toxicities, making it a promising treatment option for patients with multiply relapsed or refractory UC.

Conclusion:

The US Food and Drug Administration–approved EV demonstrates antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with UC but harbors important adverse effects and financial concerns. Additional studies are required to identify the optimal sequencing, patient population, and place in therapy for EV.
Changes in Provider Type and Prescription Refills Among Privately Insured Children and Youth With ADHD
Authors: Hart Laura C. , Grosse Scott D. , Danielson Melissa L. , Baum Rebecca A. , Kemper Alex R.
Published: September 2020

Objective

The aim of this paper is to understand associations between age and health care provider type in medication continuation among transition-aged youth with ADHD.

Method

Using an employer-sponsored insurance claims database, we identified patients with likely ADHD and receipt of ADHD medications. Among patients who had an outpatient physician visit at baseline and maintained enrollment at follow-up 3 years later, we evaluated which ones continued to fill prescriptions for ADHD medications.

Results

Patients who were younger at follow-up more frequently continued medication (77% of 11–12 year-olds vs. 52% of 19–20 year-olds). Those who saw a pediatric provider at baseline and follow-up more frequently continued to fill ADHD medication prescriptions than those who saw a pediatric provider at baseline and non-pediatric providers at follow-up (71% vs. 53% among those ages 15–16 years at follow-up).

Conclusion

Adolescents and young adults with ADHD who changed from pediatric to exclusively non-pediatric providers less frequently continued to receive ADHD medications.
Activist Parties and Hybrid Party Behaviours: A Typological Reassessment of Partisan Mobilisation
Authors: Peña Alejandro M
Published: September 2020

Integrating insights from party politics, social movement and political communication literatures, with a qualitative discussion of hybrid party behaviours observable in different contexts and regions, the article offers an original typology of four models of partisan mobilisation and focuses on a novel possibility, the activist party. Referring to parties that combine a professionalised organisation with the deployment of movement-like tactics to achieve electoral goals, the article points to current resources reducing the organisational trade-offs previously assumed to restrict the combination of electoral appeal with partisan militancy. Through this argument, the article challenges the thesis that under democratic conditions political parties should be expected to abandon outsider strategies for insider ones, while providing an analytical account of emerging patterns of organisational innovation and partisan behaviour being witnessed in contemporary party politics.
The Risk of Family Violence After Incarceration: An Integrative Review
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Semenza Daniel , Napolitano Laura , Gaston Melanie , Coleman Megan , Diaz Maria
Published: September 2020

Despite the importance of understanding the prevalence, causes, and consequences of conflict and violence within families, the specific risk of violence following a family member’s release from incarceration has been hard to ascertain. Research indicates that a significant percentage of persons released from incarceration will experience involvement in family violence in their life, yet it remains unclear whether this heightened risk exists due to larger family or structural contexts or whether incarceration itself leads to heightened risk of family violence after release. Using an integrative review methodology that combines results from both qualitative and quantitative studies, we review existing studies of family violence after incarceration to explore (1) the prevalence, (2) variation in measurement, (3) risk factors, and (4) protective factors for family violence after a family member’s incarceration. Through a search of three separate databases for peer-reviewed and gray literature, we analyzed 26 studies that estimated any form of physical family violence after any family member had been incarcerated. Where reported, intimate partner violence occurs in almost a quarter of cases, although only four studies examine the prevalence of violence perpetrated against children by parents. Family violence history, weakened family support during incarceration, and substance use after release all emerged as persistent risk factors. Directions and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Effect of Star Power on NBA All-Star Game TV Audience
Authors: Grimshaw Scott D. , Larson Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2020

Data from 16 years of NBA All-Star Games shows star power has two components. First, fans are drawn to live games featuring players whose current play is at a historically high skill level. Second, fans display attachment based on geographical proximity to a team, local superstar recognition, and team success. All-Star games are exhibitions with a roster of different levels of high skill level and attachment, while competitive games have these effects confounded and star players are sparse. The analysis uses a dynamic panel data model to account for differences in viewing between 56 Nielsen TV markets.
Preoperative Radiotherapy Is Associated With Significant Survival Benefits for Patients With Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: A SEER-Based Approach
Authors: Gong Hongyun , Chu Yuxin , Hu Qinyong , Song Qibin
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To explore the clinical and pathological features of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, and evaluate the survival impact of preoperative radiotherapy on these patients.

Methods:

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to extract eligible patients from 2004 to 2015. The patients were divided into those with and without preoperative radiotherapy. The categorical variables were described by chi-square tests. The patients’ survival was compared between the 2 groups by Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard model was adopted to identify prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival.

Results:

Totally 4771 patients were recruited, of whom 218(4.6%) patients received preoperative radiotherapy, while 4553(95.4%) patients didn’t receive this treatment. Survival analysis of the entire cohort demonstrated that preoperative radiotherapy improved both cancer-specific survival and overall survival (p < 0.001) of the patients. Cox proportional hazard models identified age >60, tumor size >50 mm, TNM stage II-IV as independent risk factors for poor prognosis (HR > 1, p < 0.05). Notably, preoperative radiotherapy was identified as an independent protective factor for favorable prognosis (HR < 1, p < 0.05). Subgroup survival analysis showed that preoperative radiotherapy exerted significant survival benefits for the stages III and IV patients.

Conclusions:

In this population-based study, preoperative radiotherapy is associated with significant survival benefits for the patients with advanced gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Hence preoperative radiotherapy is feasible for these patients.
From the Editors
Authors: Ray Rashawn , Rojas Fabio , Reo Nicholas J. , Gonzales Angela A.
Published: September 2020

Contexts editors Rashawn Ray and Fabio Rojas, and Contexts guest editors Nicholas J. Reo and Angela A. Gonzales introduce the summer issue, a special issue centering Indigenous sociology.
Culture and Journalism
Authors: Kirchoff Alisha , Rojas Fabio
Published: September 2020

Alisha Kirchoff and Fabio Rojas interview Jillian Anthony, a writer, journalist, and editor based in New York City.
Data & Native American Identity
Authors: Huyser Kimberly R.
Published: September 2020

The history of the U.S. Census is needed to understand the count and participation of American Indian and Alaska Native peoples. The challenges and lessons learned from the census reveal an opportunity for social research to collect meaningful data in Indian Country.
“On the Development of Terrortory”
Authors: Brayboy Bryan Mckinley Jones , Chin Jeremiah
Published: September 2020

Deploying Indigenous imagery without including Indigenous peoples perpetuates the idea that these communities are of the past, erasing them from the present. Here, the authors explain it as “terrortory”, or the lawful use of fear and violence to alienate peoples and land for power.
Undamming the Elwha River
Authors: Mauer K. Whitney
Published: September 2020

For the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, the Elwha River is life. However, since the river was dammed, the community has been greatly affected. The dams on the Elwha River demonstrate how such infrastructures serve to reinforce and structure inequality.
What are Public Ideas?
Authors: Stapleton Orla , Sauder Michael , Hallett Tim
Published: September 2020

The authors explore how newspaper articles engaging seven publicly prominent social science ideas develop from ideas in the public to public ideas when mediators and interpretants use them, and oscillate between these uses as part of an unfolding career.
Women in State Political Parties
Authors: Matthews Morgan C.
Published: September 2020

Morgan C. Matthews on whether the 2018 midterm election was unusual or part of a broader gender polarization pattern?
The More Things Change
Authors: Jimenez Raquel
Published: September 2020

Raquel Jimenez on Discriminating Tastes and the Expansion of the Arts.
Saccharothrix Algeriensis NRRL B-24137 Potentiates Chemical Fungicide Carbendazim in Treating Fusarium Oxysporum f.sp. Vasinfectum-Induced Cotton Wilt Disease
Authors: Asif Rizwan , Siddique Muhammad Hussnain , Zakki Shahbaz Ahmad , Rasool Muhammad Hidayat , Waseem Muhammad , Hayat Sumreen , Muzammil Saima
Published: September 2020

Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) wilt is one of the destructive disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and lead to 100% yield loss under favorable conditions. This study aims to estimate the potential of biological control agents Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 (SA) and chemical fungicides against cotton wilt pathogen under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The in-vitro study revealed that carbendazim showed maximum mycelia growth inhibition with a mean of 91% over control, which was further validated in glasshouse assay. In-vitro dual culture test of biocontrol agents with F. oxysporum determined that SA had a potential to inhibit mycelia growth by 68% compared to control. Further in glasshouse assay, the combination of the SA and carbendazim (10 µg/mL) showed a significant ( p < 0.05) disease control. Moreover, results demonstrated that carbendazim and SA remarkably decreased the disease development up to 83% and subsequently, significant improvement was observed in the plant growth parameters (plant length, root length, and plant weight) compared to untreated plants. Conclusively, exploration and utilization of bioagent for fungal diseases in cotton may provide a better line with maximum efficacy and with lesser adverse effects, which will pave a way toward better consequences in fungal treatments.
Seizing the opportunity of the moment; nurse education in Cameroon: a grounded theory research study
Authors: Maboh Michel N , Martin Peter J , Stallabrass Susan
Published: September 2020

Background

Cameroon became a republic in 1960 but tensions have continued over the last half century; such tensions, and some of the opportunities afforded, have shaped policy decisions around issues including nursing education.

Aims

The aim of this paper is to present a constructivist grounded theory of the evolution of nurse education in Cameroon based on interviews and available historical records.

Methods

Two data sources were used to develop the theory. Semi-structured interviews were carried out by the researcher with a purposive sample of 10 informants. Informants involved in the historical and current development of nurse education policy and practice were interviewed. Historical records were also located and examined, to understand the differing philosophical and pragmatic basis for decision-making in relation to nurse education in Cameroon.

Results

The emergent grounded theory is entitled ‘Seizing the opportunity of the moment’. This theory outlines the evolution of nurse education in Cameroon since the country gained independence. It explores the centrality of timeliness and context on the evolution of nurse education policy.

Conclusions

Conclusions are drawn that identify the current context in Cameroon as a critical moment for harmonisation of policy and practice for nurse education.
Exploiting DNA repair defects in triple negative breast cancer to improve cell killing
Authors: Lee Kevin J. , Mann Elise , Wright Griffin , Piett Cortt G. , Nagel Zachary D. , Gassman Natalie R.
Published: September 2020

Background:

The lack of molecular targets for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited treatment options and reduced survivorship. Identifying new molecular targets may help improve patient survival and decrease recurrence and metastasis. As DNA repair defects are prevalent in breast cancer, we evaluated the expression and repair capacities of DNA repair proteins in preclinical models.

Methods:

DNA repair capacity was analyzed in four TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-157 (MDA-157), MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231), MDA-MB-468 (MDA-468), and HCC1806, using fluorescence multiplex host cell reactivation (FM-HCR) assays. Expression of DNA repair genes was analyzed with RNA-seq, and protein expression was evaluated with immunoblot. Responses to the combination of DNA damage response inhibitors and primary chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin or carboplatin were evaluated in the cell lines.

Results:

Defects in base excision and nucleotide excision repair were observed in preclinical TNBC models. Gene expression analysis showed a limited correlation between these defects. Loss in protein expression was a better indicator of these DNA repair defects. Over-expression of PARP1, XRCC1, RPA, DDB1, and ERCC1 was observed in TNBC preclinical models, and likely contributed to altered sensitivity to chemotherapy and DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors. Improved cell killing was achieved when primary therapy was combined with DDR inhibitors for ATM, ATR, or CHK1.

Conclusion:

Base excision and nucleotide excision repair pathways may offer new molecular targets for TNBC. The functional status of DNA repair pathways should be considered when evaluating new therapies and may improve the targeting for primary and combination therapies with DDR inhibitors.
Use of Personal Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Hypoglycemia in a 16-Week Clinical Trial of People With Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm , Vestergaard Peter , Hirsch Irl B. , Hejlesen Ole
Published: September 2020

Aims:

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has the potential to promote diabetes self-management at home with a better glycemic control as outcome. Investigation of the effect of CGM has typically been carried out based on randomized controlled trials with prespecified CGM devices on CGM-naïve participants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on glycemic control in people using their personal CGM before and during the trial.

Materials and Methods:

Data from the Onset 5 trial of 472 people with type 1 diabetes using either their personal CGM ( n = 117) or no CGM ( n = 355) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in a 16-week treatment period were extracted. Change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), number of hypoglycemic episodes, and CGM metrics at the end of treatment were analyzed with analysis of variance repeated-measures models.

Results:

Use of personal CGM compared with no CGM was associated with a reduction in risk of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (event rate ratio: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.97) and asymptomatic hypoglycemia (event rate ratio: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53-0.97), reduced time spent in hypoglycemia ( P = .0070), and less glycemic variability ( P = .0043) without a statistically significant increase in HbA1c ( P = .2028).

Conclusions:

Results indicate that use of personal CGM compared with no CGM in a population of type 1 diabetes is associated with a safer glycemic control without a statistically significantly deteriorated effect on HbA1c, which adds to the evidence about the real-world use of CGM, where device type is not prespecified, and users are not CGM naïve.
HPV16 E6/E7 promote the translocation and glucose uptake of GLUT1 by PI3K/AKT pathway via relieving miR-451 inhibitory effect on CAB39 in lung cancer cells
Authors: Wang Hong-Miao , Lu Ying-Jie , He Ling , Gu Na-Jin , Wang Shi-Yu , Qiu Xue-Shan , Wang En-Hua , Wu Guang-Ping
Published: September 2020

Background:

HPV16 E6/E7 proteins are the main oncogenes and only long-term persistent infection causes lung cancer. Our previous studies have shown that HPV16 E6/E7 protein up-regulates the expression of GLUT1 in lung cancer cells. However, whether E6 and E7 protein can promote the glucose uptake of GLUT1 and its molecular mechanism are unclear.

Methods:

The regulatory relationships of E6 or E7, miR-451, CAB39, PI3K/AKT, and GLUT1 were detected by double directional genetic manipulations in lung cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of CAB39 on promoting the translocation to the plasma membrane of GLUT1. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were performed to detect the glucose uptake levels of GLUT1.

Results:

The overexpression both E6 and E7 proteins significantly down-regulated the expression level of miR-451, and the loss of miR-451 further up-regulated the expression of its target gene CAB39 at both protein and mRNA levels. Subsequently, CAB39 up-regulated the expression of GLUT1 at both protein and mRNA levels. Our results demonstrated that HPV16 E6/E7 up-regulated the expression and activation of GLUT1 through the HPV–miR-451–CAB39–GLUT1 axis. More interestingly, we found that CAB39 prompted GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake, and this promotion depended on the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide new evidence to support the critical roles of miR-451 and CAB39 in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lung cancer.
Drug use evaluation in pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shashemene Referral Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Geresu Gudeta Duga , Sondesa Dirirsa Tashome , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya , Mtewa Andrew G , Abebe Bontu Aschale
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

The main aim of this study was to estimate relative proportions of medication use according to different pregnancy risk categories (A, B, C, D, X) among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) visits at Shashemene Referral Hospital.

Methods:

A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Shashemene referral hospital from February 2016 to February 2017. Structured data collection form was used to capture data from patient medication cards. SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze the results after entering and importing from MS-Excel.

Results:

A total of 317 pregnant women cards were collected and assessed during the study period in May, 2017. Most, 208(65.6%), of the pregnant women were in their second trimester of pregnancy followed by third trimester, 78(24.6%). Tetanus prevention in pregnancy, 274(86.4%), was the most common reason for drug use. Number of medications prescribed was highest, 384(68.2%), in second trimester followed by third trimester, 130(23.1%). More than half, 305(54.2%), of the drugs prescribed were under category C, tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine alone accounting for 274 (89.8%) of them, followed by 36.8% from category A.

Conclusion:

Vaccines, vitamins and minerals were the most frequently prescribed medications. The overall drug use condition during pregnancy in this study was inappropriate as more than half of the prescribed medications were from category C. On the other hand, category X medications were not prescribed.