bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H2S Scavenger Development During the Oil and Gas Industry Search for an MEA Triazine Replacement in Hydrogen Sulfide Mitigation and Enhanced Monitoring Techniques Employed During Their Evaluation
Authors: Taylor Grahame , Smith-Gonzalez Monica , Wylde Jonathan , Oliveira Antonio Pedro
Published: March 2019

Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (MEA-triazine) is by far the most ubiquitous H2S scavenger used globally and occupies at least 80% of the available oilfield market. While almost the perfect scavenger in terms of kinetics and H2S uptake, this product does suffer from a number of undesirable effects which are usually tolerated or managed by various engineering modifications. For example, pH elevation causes scaling issues, deposition of intractable polymeric solids and increased ethanolamine load in crudes entering a refinery are some of the most prominent.

A new scavenging technology has been developed that offers an alternative to triazine. The guiding principles in the design of this technology were to achieve, equal or better scavenger efficiency compared to triazine, equal or better reaction kinetics compared to triazine, "best in class" solids control, minimal pH impact, cost competitive with triazine, no impact on fluid separation and minimal refinery impact. A family of products have been developed which are multicomponent systems, each having a designated function. The active scavenger is based upon a "latent" or hidden form of a small molecule scavenger (SMS), similar to a protecting group strategy in organic synthesis. The steady state active SMS concentration remains very low in the initial product, but it is released upon demand when it encounters hydrogen sulfide in its operational environment. The SMS release can be greatly enhanced using a suitable catalyst or synergist, over the base scavenger/carrier system, which enables a more efficient use of the base molecule. The quality and exact nature of the spent fluid is critically important to H2S scavengers and much effort has gone into the control and handling of the byproduct. High sulfur scavenger byproducts are almost always solid in nature and can cause numerous operational issues. MEA triazine has such a problem and polymerization of the initially formed monomeric dithiazine to amorphous dithiazine is one of the drivers to develop an alternative as is presented here.

This new suite of products has undergone successful field trials in both gas contact towers and direct injection applications. Some challenges have also arisen, as expected with any innovation, in other application areas and environments where unexpected issues have been encountered. An honest and informative account of the design, development, properties, field trial results and future direction for this exciting new technology are discussed as well as a critical evaluation against the aforementioned triazine industry benchmark.
A Novel Phosphonate Scale Inhibitor for Scale Control in Ultra High Temperature Environments
Authors: Lu Haiping , Mccabe Bethanni , Brooks Johnathon , Heath Stephen , Stevens Shane
Published: March 2019

As the oil industry continues to operate in more complex and ultrahigh temperature environments scale control becomes an ever increasing challenge. Scale inhibitors are being pushed to their operational limits and start to lose their efficiency against both calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate scales at >400°F. It is therefore essential to develop the next generation scale inhibitor to work effectively against scale in harsh, high temperature environments such as steam floods and gas wells.

In this study, details will be provided on the thermal stability test of a novel, biodegradable phosphonate scale inhibitor at temperatures 300°F and 400°F at two pH values, pH 4.0 and pH 6.0. Bottle tests on calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate were conducted with the thermal-aged phosphonate for their inhibition. Dynamic tube blocking tests were also conducted for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate inhibition at 392°F to demonstrate the performance of the inhibitor.

The new phosphonate scale inhibitor has also been designed to be biodegradable and it can be deployed by both continuous injection and scale squeeze treatment which is an advantage compared to polymers as they are often less suitable for high temperature scale squeeze treatments. Careful consideration was also given in the molecular design process for high calcium tolerance and details of brine compatibility at high temperature will be provided.

This paper presents details of the evaluation of a biodegradable, thermally stable and calcium tolerant phosphonate scale inhibitor for both calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate scale control in ultrahigh temperature environments at ~400°F. In addition, the environmental test data will be discussed along with details of a field example of continuous downhole deployment of the new phosphonate scale inhibitor for calcium carbonate scale control in a high calcium brine (30,000 mg/L).
Methodology to Evaluate the Performance and Stability of Hydrogen Sulphide Scavengers
Authors: Rafferty Andrew , Stewart-Liddon Christine , Simpson Caroline , Hammonds Paul , Graham Gordon M. , Maskell Phillip
Published: March 2019

It is known that some H2S scavengers have the potential to cause fouling either from reaction products or by the influence of their chemistry on brine scaling potential. A series of methods for assessing the performance of the H2S scavengers and the likely hood of the generation of unwanted reaction by products is described along with the utility of each test methodology under different production conditions

The performance of triazine- and aldehyde-based H2S scavengers are compared in a suite of laboratory tests, including liquid phase tests examining residual sulphides in solution and by measuring H2S in the gas phase using an in situ H2S detector. The tests are capable of differentiating between the performances of different H2S scavengers over a range of different test conditions and are applicable to those of the production process where scavengers are used. The work also shows that the absolute performance and relative performance or ranking of different scavengers is affected by the test methodology adopted and the work therefore illustrates the importance of selecting an appropriate test methodology for the intended field application. The efficiency of the scavengers was determined both under bulk liquid phase conditions and also by the contact time required to reduce the initial gas phase H2S concentration to the desired level and by calculating the scavenging capacity.

This work presents both apparatus and methods which can be used for the evaluation and comparison of H2S scavengers. It describes primarily experimental design aspects and challenges associated with differentiating between free (unscavenged) H2S and reacted (i.e. scavenged / trapped) H2S in bulk liquid phase tests often utilised for preliminary screening of scavengers and recommends a procedure to allow such tests to be conducted routinely. Works then compare results with more conventional gas stream monitoring approaches. This work presented and the approaches described will then assist in the screening and product selection process and provides information on the conditions under which un-desirable solid by-products may be generated.
Effect of pH on Dissolution of Iron Sulfide Scales Using THPS
Authors: Ahmed Musa , Onawole Abdulmujeeb , Hussien Ibnelwaleed , Saad Mohammed , Mahmoud Mohammed , Nimir Hassan
Published: March 2019

Iron Sulfides scale has been a critical problem for oil and gas wells for several decades. One of the best candidates to remove these scales is tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS). Most studies on the dissolution of iron sulfide scale using THPS have been done at neutral or acidic medium. Such conditions lead to a high corrosion rate when THPS is used in tubular wells. However, this work aims to give a holistic view on the pH effect, especially in alkaline medium, on the ability of THPS to dissolving iron sulfides. A combined approach of experimental and computational methods is used to get a better understanding of the pH effect on THPS ability to dissolve pyrite. Both experimental and theoretical techniques suggest that the pyrite dissolution ability of THPS decreases as pH increases. Conversely, combing THPS with EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) proved effective in dissolving a mixture of different iron sulfide field scales. EDTA is a basic chelating agent which gave a pH of 8 when combined with THPS giving a slightly alkaline solution. For the field scale the combined formulation of THPS and EDTA yielded more than 70 % scale solubility however, for pure pyrite it was less than 10%. This implies that THPS and EDTA combination is effective in dissolving other iron sulfide scales, such as pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) and troilite (FeS) which are more soluble in comparison with pyrite. Also, THPS with Di-ethyline Tri-amine Penta Acitic acid (DTPA) formulation was tested and resulted in slightly lower solubility compared to THPS/EDTA formulation. Moreover, oilfield scales are usually a mix of a variety of minerals and not only pyrite. Hence, using THPS in combination with EDTA to attain a basic pH would reduce the corrosion rate and subsequently reduce or eliminate the need for corrosion inhibitors.
Static Adsorption of Surfactants on Bakken Rock Surfaces in High Temperature, High Salinity Conditions
Authors: Zhong Xun , Pu Hui , Zhou Yanxia , Zhao Julia Xiaojun
Published: March 2019

Surfactant EOR received attraction due to its extreme capability to increase displacement efficiency by altering the wettability, lowering the oil/water interfacial tension and ultimately mobilizing the residual oil. However, surfactant systems are widely acknowledged to have large adsorption on rock/clay/sediment solid surfaces, which may result in concentration loss, thus impair the effectiveness of the chemical solution and turn the process into an economically unfeasible case. Surfactant adsorption can be affected by the adsorbents, surfactant structure, experimental temperature and some other factors. Also, the driving force for adsorption varies with different surfactants types. Generally speaking, electrostatic interaction is more prominent for those anionic surfactants, while hydrophobic interaction is more common for nonionic type.

In this paper, the static adsorption behaviors of two surfactants (A1 and N1) on Bakken minerals and Berea sandstone in high salinity and high temperature Bakken conditions (salinity≈290,000 mg/L, temperature=80~105 °C) were studied using spectrometric iodine method, where 0.1 mM I2-0.2 mM KI solution was used as a color developing agent. The primary stability indicated that both surfactants have high compatibility with the Bakken formation brine at high temperature, and their critical micelle concentrations showed a small decrease in the presence of high saline brine. Bakken mineral is relatively complicate, which is composed of quartz, dolomite, calcite and clay, while Berea sandstone contains over 75 wt% quartz. Herein, the effects of surfactant concentration, surfactant type, temperature, adsorbents and salinity on adsorption density were covered, and the impacts of surfactant concentration and adsorbents were found to be more significant. Due to the higher specific surface area and high clay content of Bakken minerals, both anionic surfactant blend A1 and nonionic surfactant blend N1 have pretty high adsorption on Bakken minerals, and the specific adsorption densities of 1000 mg/L surfactant solution were calculated to be 1.74 mg/m2 and 1.69 mg/m2, respectively. Meanwhile, the results also indicated that though the applied surfactant concentration is relatively low, the concentration loss due to adsorption should never be overlooked. Future study on how to effectively reduce the adsorption of surfactant especially in those clay-rich formations is of great significance.
Can the Viscoelasticity of HPAM Polymer Solution Make the Polymer Flooding Compete with Gel Treatment to Improve Sweep Efficiency? A Comparison with Different Polymer Gel Systems
Authors: Khamees Tariq K , Flori Ralph E
Published: March 2019

Improving sweep efficiency from heterogenous reservoirs necessitates the injection of gel treatment and/or polymer solution to lower the degree of heterogeneity and to lower the mobility ratio, respectively. In this study, three gel systems were compared with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution. The purpose of this study was to show the ability of the viscoelastic properties of the HPAM to enhance the sweep efficiency compared to the selected gel systems. The model was one quarter of five- spot pattern with one injector and one producer. The injection rate was 525 bbl/day. The selected simulator to run the scenarios was UTGEL, while the selected gel systems were colloidal dispersion gel (CDG), polymer/chromium chloride gel, and polymer/chromium malonate gel. Two polymer concentrations (0.1 and 0.15 wt. %) were used and three salinities were considered (5000, 10,000, and 20,000 mg/l).

This study showed interesting results regarding the ability of the viscoelastic properties of the HPAM polymer solution to yield recovery factors close or similar to those recovery factors obtained from the selected polymer gel systems. The results also revealed that lowering the salinity of post-treatment water could boost the performance of the polymer solution and make the polymer flooding more effective than gel systems. The results also showed that regardless the duration of injecting the polymer gel system, the HPAM polymer solution still yielded promising results, particularly if low-salinity water was implemented after the treatment.
An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Biofilm Mitigation
Authors: Arends Olivia , Seymour Brian , Benko Brandon , Elshahed Mostafa , Yakoweshen Lynn , Ganguly-Mink Sangeeta
Published: March 2019

Microbial-induced problems in oil and gas incur high costs and cause severe environmental and safety concerns. Most of these problems are directly caused by surface-adhered bacteria colonies known as biofilms. Distinct populations of bacteria within a biofilm can symbiotically alter surrounding conditions that favor proliferation to the extent that leads to corrosion, plugging, and H2S souring. Biocides are antimicrobial products used to eliminate and prevent bacterial growth. The purpose of this initial study is to measure performance of biocides against anaerobic planktonic and sessile bacteria. The three anaerobic conditions tested were biocide performance against planktonic bacteria, against established biofilm, and inhibition of biofilm growth.

Biocides containing two types of quaternary ammonium compounds and blends with glutaraldehyde were evaluated against sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and acid producing bacteria (APB) in both planktonkic and sessile forms. As expected, all of the biocides tested were effective against planktonic bacteria. Quaternary type biocides were found to be particularly effective at controlling sessile anaerobes. Surprisingly, the addition of glutaraldehyde did not appear to provide synergistic benefits and actually had a negative dilutory effect on the performance against biofilms. In all cases, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) was the most efficient biocide in controlling all bacterial forms tested, both planktonic and sessile.
Differentiation and Quantification of Corrosive Amines Through Simple Chemical Process
Authors: Murugesan Sankaran , Suresh Radhika , Khabashesku Valery , Darugar Qusai
Published: March 2019

A new method has been developed to differentiate and quantify the amount of primary amines through a simple chemical process. Colored cyclic adduct compounds are formed by reaction of selective chemicals with primary amine. This adduct formation is preferential to the primary amine, even in the presence of a mixture of secondary and tertiary amines. The adduct shows selective enhanced fluorescence emission at 475-nm wavelength under specific excitation with 420 nm. Due to enhanced fluorescence activity, quantification becomes possible, even below a 1-ppm concentration of specific primary amine. A chemical matrix, formulated with the mixture of different concentrations of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, helps to differentiate and quantify primary amines present in the mixture, even at lower concentrations. This method is validated under synthetic field brine conditions to detect and quantify primary amines towards field applications.
First Occurrence of a Shale Oil with Trimodal Carbon Chain Distribution and Paraffins Higher than Nonacontane C90H182: A Real Fail Test for Existing Chemistries and Methods
Authors: Smith Rashod , Miller Amanda , Mahmoudkhani Amir , Samaniego Walter , Granda Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

A major shale producer in North America with established oil and gas production was facing challenges with severe paraffin deposition in downhole tubing and flowlines. Since chemical recommendations based on traditional screenings failed to deliver adequate inhibition, the operator turned to a costly remediation program to maintain production. We aimed to revisit the case, do a root cause analysis, and look for a potential chemical solution for cost savings. The field deposit obtained from the producer proved to be quite complex and introduced limitations with our current internal HTGC method for carbon chain analysis. Upon analysis, components present in the sample were found to exceed the solidity limits of the carrier system, carbon disulfide (CS2) and would precipitate out of the solution and form a two-phased system. These components were believed to be higher molecular weight carbon chains (HMWC) above C70+ at a high enough concentration to exceed the solvents solubility limit. This was the first time encountering such a sample in our experience. A systematic approach was applied to isolate the insoluble HMWC and further outsourced analysis. A MALDI-TOF and High-Resolution Carbon-13 NMR was utilized to confirm the presence of C90+ chains within the deposit at a high enough concentration to have a trimodal paraffin distribution system. To our knowledge, this is the first time a trimodal system has been documented.
Visual outcome after trifocal IOL implant in a patient with cornea guttata. A case report.
Authors: Valdez-Garcia Jorge E. , Ortiz-Morales Gustavo , Morales-Mancillas Nallely , Loya-Garcia Denise , Hernández-Camarena Julio
Published: March 2019

Background

We report the case and management of a patient that started with primary cornea guttata symptoms after cataract surgery with trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implant. The unusual postoperative presentation of the disease in association with a trifocal IOL resulted in increased corneal surface aberrations that resulted in visual dissatisfaction.

Case presentation

A 67 year-old male was evaluated due to blurred vision for two months, as well as a desire to stop using glasses in his everyday life. At the initial refraction, myopia, corneal astigmatism and nuclear cataract were diagnosed in both eyes. A nuclear cataract was diagnosed in both eyes. Phacoemulsification surgery was performed in OS, implanting a trifocal IOL. The postoperative refraction in OS was -1.25DCx120º, with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20. Six months later, the patient kept complaining of blurred vision and night glare. In slit lamp examination, corneal guttae were denoted and changes in corneal endothelium morphology suggested primary cornea guttata. A monofocal IOL exchange was performed in order to reduce corneal aberrations with excellent outcome at 2-year follow up.

Conclusions

Screening for endothelial dysfunction is a key element for successful outcomes in cataract surgery. Corneal guttae accent optical aberrations when in combination with premium IOLs.
Lesão nodular fibrosa em rebordo alveolar em paciente com transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Figueiredo Francielly Thomas , Herculano Aline Bergman de Souza , Castro Diego Silva de , Motta Eduardo Ferreira da , Saldanha Karla Ferreira Dias , Silva Guilherme Soares da , Silva Júlio Cesar Leite da , Gaetti Jardim Junior Elerson , Gaetti Jardim Ellen Cristina
Published: March 2019

O fibroma ossificante periférico é uma patologia comum dos maxilares ocorrendo sobretudo pelo acúmulo de restos alimentares e traumatismos à gengiva e rebordo alveolar. Apresenta-se geralmente como um nódulo de limites definidos e de coloração semelhante a mucosa adjacente sendo normalmente assintomático, a depender do tamanho do mesmo. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um caso de paciente com 49 anos de idade com espectro autista, de comportamento difícil e nenhuma possibilidade de inter-relacionar-se com o cirurgião-dentista, com necessidade de exodontias múltiplas e remoção de fibroma ossificante periférico, em região de maxila a direita, de amplo tamanho. O paciente foi submetido aos procedimentos cirúrgicos em centro cirúrgico sob anestesia geral. Após remoção dos focos dentários e da lesão exofítica o paciente não apresentou recidiva da mesma.Descritores: Fibroma Ossificante; Diagnóstico; Terapêutica.ReferênciasFeller L, Buskin A, Raubenheimer EJ. Cemento-ossifying fibroma: case report and review of the literature. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2004;   6(4):131-35.Mishra MB, Bhishen KA, Mishra S. Peripheral ossifying fibroma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2011;15(1):65-8.García de Marcos JA, García de Marcos MJ, Arroyo Rodríguez S, Chiarri Rodrigo J, Poblet E. Peripheral ossifying fibroma: a clinical and immunohistochemical study of four cases. J Oral Sci. 2010;52(1):95-9.Kumar SK, Ram S, Jorgensen MG, Shuler CF, Sedghizadeh PP. Multicentric peripheral ossifying fibroma. J Oral Sci. 2006;48(4):239-43.Mugayar LRF. Pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais. Manual de Odontologia e Saúde Oral. Pancast: São Paulo; 2000.Andrade APP, Eleutéio ASL. Pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais: abordagem odontológica e anestesia geral. Rev bras odontol. 2015;72(1/2):66-9.Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Patologia Oral & Maxilofacial. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2004.Sabino NAR, Gaetti-Jardim EC, Gaetti-Jardim Jr E, de Melo RL. Arch Health Invest. 2016;5(4):214-16.Haddad AS. Odontologia para pacientes com necessidades especiais. São Paulo: Santos; 2007.
Correlation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of a Mother about Breastfeeding with Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-23 of Sukmajaya Health Center, Depok City
Authors: Apriyanti Resti Ayu , Arini Firlia Ayu , Puspita Ikha Deviyanti
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of a mother about breastfeeding with the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months by using cross sectional design. The target population were all mothers with children aged 6-23 months. The samples were 179 respondents using purposive sampling techniques. Retrieval of data was done using questionnaires and structured interviews. Statistical calculation performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. The result showed that there was no correlation between maternal knowledge with BB/U (p=0,056), though there was a correlation between maternal attitudes with BB/U (p=0,000) and maternal behaviors with BB/U (p=0,000). It is concluded that there was significant correlation between attitudes and behavior of mothers with nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. It is suggested to nutrition counselor to add more education related to exclusive breastfeeding.

 
The Relationship of Physhical Activity, Sleep Duration, Breakfast and Fast Food Consumption Habits with The Prevalence of Overweight Among Elementary School Children
Authors: Mayangsari Anggraeni Rizky , Wahyuningtyas Widayani , Puspita Ikha Deviyanti
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine the relation between physical activity, sleep duration, breakfast habits and fast food consumption habits at school-age chidren. This is a quantitative study using cross sectional design. The study was conducted in SDS Kartika VIII-5 Jakarta, as many as 102 fourth and fifth grade students were involved. The sampling technique used for this study was stratified sampling technique. The data collection instrument used questionnaire and interview. The data obtained were then analyzed by Chi-Square statistical test. The results showed that 63,7% of children were overweight. Bivariate result using Chi-Square statistical test showed that a significant relationship between physical activity (p = 0,003), sleep duration (p = 0,046), fast food habits (p = 0,035). There was a significant relation between physical activity, sleep duration, and fast food consumption habits with the prevalence of overweight.
INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INTO ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: Miskiah Miskiah , Suryono Yoyon , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: March 2019

Integrating ICT in teacher training has become an absolute necessity over recent years. This research highlights the role of training as a means to improve Islamic religious education teacher competence in ICT. Specifically, the case-study research aim is to describe the level of ICT integration into the Islamic religious education training, referring to ‘education-and-training’, at a religious training center (RTC) in Palembang, Indonesia. Thirty teachers of Indonesian Islamic school (madrasah) and two facilitators at the RTC acted as informants in the research. Using the interactive model of qualitative analysis by Miles and Huberman, the research results indicated that the participants have already integrated ICT but were restricted to using presentations, especially the PowerPoint computer program. Secondly, age and technical problems became the major constraints to realize such integration. With respect to the availability of facilities, the RTC is in good category.
GENLEŞTİRİLMİŞ POLİSTRENİN UÇUCU KÜL İÇEREN KÖPÜK BETON ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: KILINÇARSLAN Şemsettin , DAVRAZ Metin , IŞILDAR Nuri
Published: March 2019

Günümüzde atık malzemelerin
sürdürülebilir kullanımına ilişkin araştırmalar hızla sürmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, köpük beton üretiminde genleştirilmiş
polistren (EPS) atıklarının kullanılabilirliğine odaklanılmıştır. Su/bağlayıcı
oranının 0.45 olarak sabit tutulduğu şartlarda; azaltılan köpüğe eşdeğer
hacimlerde (200 ve 400 dm3/m3) EPS kullanılmıştır. Bu
bağlamda Portland çimentosu (PC), su ve uçucu kül’ün (UK) sabit tutulduğu ve
köpük miktarı azaltılırken, EPS’nin artırıldığı şartlarda büzülme değişimi ve
basınç dayanımları incelenmiştir. EPS kullanım miktarındaki artışın genleşme
oranları üzerinde anlamlı değişimlere neden olduğu gözlenmiştir. EPS kullanım miktarlarına
göre, büzülme oranı farklılıklarının genleşme oranlarıyla uyumlu olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Köpük betonların basınç dayanımları, EPS kullanım
miktarlarındaki artışla yükselmiştir. EPS kullanımı ısı iletimini artırmış ve
en yüksek kullanım miktarı için 0.0963 W/mK olarak bulunmuştur. Bu atık malzeme
ile oluşturulabilecek farklı kombinasyonlarla çalışmaların sürdürülmesi
önerilmektedir.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Central Bank of Iraq in Managing Foreign Reserves (2005-2017)
Authors: Ahmad Muhsin Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

The management of foreign reserves is an important issue because achieving an appropriate and secure level of these reserves contributes to maintaining internal and external stability by ensuring stability in the general level of prices and maintaining the value of the local currency to prevent the flight of capital abroad. In addition to its role in the face of shocks and external crises. That is, the size of the safe reserves is considered the safety valve for the economy towards the internal and external crises that the economy can face.
   The research proved the effectiveness of the Central Bank of Iraq in the management of foreign reserves for the period (2005-2017) by achieving two objectives at the same time, which is to maintain adequate and appropriate size of these reserves in accordance with international standards and indicators adopted on the one hand, in addition to maintaining the stability of the general level of prices and reducing inflation rates , Through the stability of the local currency exchange rate, which is one of the indicators of economic stability, on the other.
Effects of a Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Intervention on Chocolate Craving and Consumption: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Meule Adrian , Richard Anna , Dinic Radomir , Blechert Jens
Published: March 2019

Background

Repeatedly pushing high-calorie food stimuli away based on joystick movements has been found to reduce approach biases toward these stimuli. Some studies also found that such avoidance training reduced consumption of high-calorie foods.

Objective

This study aimed to test effects of a smartphone-based approach-avoidance intervention on chocolate craving and consumption, to make such interventions suitable for daily use.

Methods

Within a 10-day period, regular chocolate eaters (n=105, 86% female) performed five sessions during which they continuously avoided (ie, swiped upward) chocolate stimuli (experimental group, n=35), performed five sessions during which they approached and avoided chocolate stimuli equally often (placebo control group, n=35), or did not perform any training sessions (inactive control group, n=35). Training effects were measured during laboratory sessions before and after the intervention period and further continuously through daily ecological momentary assessment.

Results

Self-reported chocolate craving and consumption as well as body fat mass significantly decreased from pre- to postmeasurement across all groups. Ecological momentary assessment reports evidenced no differences in chocolate craving and consumption between intervention days and rest days as a function of the group.

Conclusions

A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training did not affect eating-related and anthropometric measures over and above measurement-based changes in this study. Future controlled studies need to examine whether other techniques of modifying food approach tendencies show an add-on benefit over conventional, monitoring-based intervention effects.

Trial Registration

AsPredicted 8203; https://aspredicted.org/pt9df.pdf.
Implementation of a Digitally Enabled Care Pathway (Part 2): Qualitative Analysis of Experiences of Health Care Professionals
Authors: Connell Alistair , Black Georgia , Montgomery Hugh , Martin Peter , Nightingale Claire , King Dominic , Karthikesalingam Alan , Hughes Cían , Back Trevor , Ayoub Kareem , Suleyman Mustafa , Jones Gareth , Cross Jennifer , Stanley Sarah , Emerson Mary , Merrick Charles , Rees Geraint , Laing Christopher , Raine Rosalind
Published: March 2019

Background

One reason for the introduction of digital technologies into health care has been to try to improve safety and patient outcomes by providing real-time access to patient data and enhancing communication among health care professionals. However, the adoption of such technologies into clinical pathways has been less examined, and the impacts on users and the broader health system are poorly understood. We sought to address this by studying the impacts of introducing a digitally enabled care pathway for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) at a tertiary referral hospital in the United Kingdom. A dedicated clinical response team—comprising existing nephrology and patient-at-risk and resuscitation teams—received AKI alerts in real time via Streams, a mobile app. Here, we present a qualitative evaluation of the experiences of users and other health care professionals whose work was affected by the implementation of the care pathway.

Objective

The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the impact of mobile results viewing and automated alerting as part of a digitally enabled care pathway on the working practices of users and their interprofessional relationships.

Methods

A total of 19 semistructured interviews were conducted with members of the AKI response team and clinicians with whom they interacted across the hospital. Interviews were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis.

Results

The digitally enabled care pathway improved access to patient information and expedited early specialist care. Opportunities were identified for more constructive planning of end-of-life care due to the earlier detection and alerting of deterioration. However, the shift toward early detection also highlighted resource constraints and some clinical uncertainty about the value of intervening at this stage. The real-time availability of information altered communication flows within and between clinical teams and across professional groups.

Conclusions

Digital technologies allow early detection of adverse events and of patients at risk of deterioration, with the potential to improve outcomes. They may also increase the efficiency of health care professionals’ working practices. However, when planning and implementing digital information innovations in health care, the following factors should also be considered: the provision of clinical training to effectively manage early detection, resources to cope with additional workload, support to manage perceived information overload, and the optimization of algorithms to minimize unnecessary alerts.
Fray Vicente de Santa María y fray Vicente de Santa María
Authors: Torre Villar Ernesto de la
Published: March 2019

El autor elabora la semblanza de dos franciscanos homónimos y contemporáneos, fray Vicente de Santa María y Martínez (criollo) y fray Vicente de Santa María (peninsular). El primero participó activamente en el movimiento vallisoletano de 1809 y es considerado uno de los teóricos más importantes del movimiento insurgente mexicano. El segundo fue un incansable predicador del evangelio en las misiones de las Californias.
Proceso moral y político de la independencia de México
Authors: Valero Silva José
Published: March 2019

Este artículo aborda las causas internas y externas de la independencia de México, así como su proceso moral y político. Acentúa los ideales de los próceres del movimiento independentista.
Cartilla socialista de Plotino C. Rhodakanaty. Noticia sobre el socialismo en México durante el siglo XIX
Authors: Valadés José C.
Published: March 2019

José C. Valadés enumera las principales ideas sociales de la Europa decimonónica y explica las características que permitieron a algunas de éstas tener influencia más temprana en México. Así, ofrece una breve semblanza de Plotino C. Rhodakanaty, difusor de una de las primeras variantes del socialismo en llegar al país: el fourierismo. Lo anterior sirve como preámbulo para presentar la Cartilla socialista de Rhodakanaty, considerada por Valadés como el primer trabajo del socialismo doctrinal en México. Incluye un apéndice documental con la Cartilla socialista, la cual contiene una serie de imágenes y reproducciones de manuscritos relacionados con el socialismo del siglo XIX.
María de Ibarrola, La enseñanza media en México, 1900-1968. Guía bibliográfica
Authors: Matute Álvaro
Published: March 2019

Reseña
Luis Muro, Historia Mexicana. Índice de los volúmenes I-XX (julio 1951-julio 1971)
Authors: Matute Álvaro
Published: March 2019

Reseña
Gustavo Baz, Vida de Benito Juárez
Authors: Moreno Daniel
Published: March 2019

Reseña
Marie Ballew Bingham, A Catalog of the Yucatan Collection on Microfilm in the University of Alabama Libraries
Authors: Guedea Virginia
Published: March 2019

Reseña
David Brading, Los orígenes del nacionalismo mexicano
Authors: Ramos Ángeles
Published: March 2019

Reseña
Carlos Pereyra, Juárez discutido como dictador y estadista
Authors: Moreno Daniel
Published: March 2019

Reseña
El capitalismo británico en los inicios del México independiente
Authors: Alatriste Óscar
Published: March 2019

Óscar Alatriste explica que las condiciones que propiciaron la inversión de capital británico en México fueron la necesidad de empréstitos foráneos para subsanar la pobreza del erario, reanimar las actividades económicas y asegurar la autonomía provisional obtenida con la independencia. Señala que Inglaterra ya se había consolidado como potencia y, por ello, el comercio de manufacturas así como las inversiones directas e indirectas se concretaron en México. El autor concluye que este proceso trajo beneficios momentáneos a la nación mexicana, pero las carencias de fondos públicos, la manutención del ejército y la deuda contraída durante el proceso de recepción de inversiones causaron la caída de la estabilidad política y financiera.
Dos haciendas veracruzanas en el siglo XIX
Authors: Lima Muñiz Laura
Published: March 2019

Laura Lima Muñiz estudia dos haciendas en el poblado Sierra de Agua, en Veracruz, y considera que las causas de su desaparición mostraron las diferencias entre las clases sociales y el proceso por el que los campesinos lucharon por tierras. La autora explica la distribución física de las fincas y su división de trabajo con base en la jerarquía social. Señala los motivos por los que dejaron de existir los predios, como fueron una administración deficiente, la constante sobreproducción, la carencia de mercado y las exigencias de los campesinos-arrendatarios que, herederos de una clase explotada, no mejoraron sus condiciones.
Enrique Krauze, Caudillos culturales en la Revolución Mexicana
Authors: Matute Álvaro
Published: March 2019

Reseña
Precisiones sobre el reyismo. La oportunidad de Porfirio Díaz para dejar el poder
Authors: Soto Miguel E.
Published: March 2019

El autor examina la carrera político-militar de Bernardo Reyes, y afirma que, a pesar de su liderazgo regional, siempre estuvo subordinado a la figura de Porfirio Díaz. No obstante, aunque tuvo el apoyo de algunos grupos políticos nunca se atrevió a enfrentarlo. Asegura que el sistema porfirista desaprovechó la oportunidad de realizar un cambio que, sin ser brusco, permitiera la renovación de sus cuadros políticos
Tres conferencias sobre el mundo latinoamericano
Authors: Bosch García Carlos
Published: March 2019

Carlos Bosch García reflexiona sobre la historia de México durante el siglo XIX y acerca de la relación que ésta tuvo en el contexto latinoamericano y con las potencias extranjeras. En el último apartado, el autor, debido a las circunstancias de México, se limita a examinar la relación de México con los Estados Unidos.
Thomas G. Powell, El liberalismo y el campesinado en el centro de México, 1850-1876
Authors: Matesanz José Antonio
Published: March 2019

Reseña
La política americanista de fray Servando y Tadeo Ortiz
Authors: Guedea Virginia
Published: March 2019

Ernesto de la Torre Villar ofrece un estudio comparativo de la visión libertadora que cultivaron fray Servando Teresa de Mier y Tadeo Ortiz Ayala. Describe la trayectoria de ambos personajes, su ideología e influencias así como sus convergencias y divergencias respecto a la emancipación americana
Los intereses de Jecker en Sonora
Authors: Suárez Argüello Ana Rosa
Published: March 2019

Ana Rosa Suárez Argüello estudia las exigencias del banquero suizo J. B. Jecker al gobierno de Benito Juárez sobre el pago de deudas, motivo que se convirtió en una de las justificaciones utilizadas por Francia para intervenir en México. Asimismo, aborda los intentos de este personaje para apoderarse de tierras en Sonora mediante un contrato realizado con Ignacio Comonfort. En este proyecto Jecker se alió con capitalistas norteamericanos que tenían inversiones en el estado, lo que trajo por consecuencia las hostilidades entre el gobierno mexicano y el estadounidense el cual, al igual que Francia, buscaba un pretexto para intervenir en México.
Las letras y las armas en la obra México: su evolución social
Authors: Flores Hernández Benjamín
Published: March 2019

Benjamín Flores Hernández analiza la obra México: su evolución social, publicada en los años 1900 y 1901. Señala que fue realizada bajo los fundamentos del positivismo con el propósito de dar a conocer los logros del porfirismo en cuanto a modernidad y progreso. El autor estudia, principalmente, las aportaciones de Justo Sierra, Bernardo Reyes y Manuel Sánchez Mármol.
José Ives Limantour juzgado por figuras claves del Porfiriato
Authors: Baranda Marta
Published: March 2019

Marta Baranda construye una semblanza de José Ives Limantour, secretario de Hacienda durante el régimen porfirista, a partir de publicaciones en la prensa nacional y de la relación epistolar que sostuvo con Porfirio Díaz, Francisco I. Madero, Bernardo Reyes, Teodoro Dehesa y el grupo de los "científicos". Así, la autora intenta explicar el porqué de las actuaciones de Limantour.
La controversia diplomática entre México y los Estados Unidos, 1925-1927
Authors: Escobar Hofmann Ilse María
Published: March 2019

Ilse María Escobar Hofmann estudia la controversia diplomática que se suscitó entre México y Estados Unidos a raíz de que el gobierno encabezado por Plutarco Elías Calles reglamentó el artículo 27 para regular la propiedad del subsuelo y los recursos naturales, hecho que afectaba directamente a compañías petroleras norteamericanas. La autora afirma que éstas pidieron apoyo a su gobierno porque se negaban a renunciar a las posesiones que tenían desde el Porfiriato; así, se estableció una discusión jurídica entre ambos gobiernos que originó un nuevo tipo de relación diplomática entre ellos.
El interés expansionista norteamericano en Sonora (1848-1861)
Authors: Suárez Argüello Ana Rosa
Published: March 2019

Ana Rosa Suárez explica que Estados Unidos, a pesar de las adquisiciones territoriales logradas en 1848, continuó su interés por incorporar el estado de Sonora a su territorio. Afirma que los habitantes de dicha provincia mostraron un nacionalismo inédito en la historia de México y se resistieron a las incursiones americanas con éxito. La autora señala que las causas del expansionismo fueron la inestabilidad política en México, los recursos de Sonora y los intereses económicos tanto del gobierno como de los ciudadanos estadounidenses.
Toribio Esquivel Obregón, México y los Estados Unidos ante el derecho internacional
Authors: Matute Álvaro
Published: March 2019

Reseña
Woodrow Wilson y la diplomacia norteamericana en México, 1913-1915
Authors: Mayer Alicia
Published: March 2019

Alicia Mayer expone las cuestiones diplomáticas más trascendentales entre México y Estados Unidos durante 1913-1915 y afirma que la posición intervencionista adoptada por Woodrow Wilson respecto al país contiguo no sólo estuvo ligada a intereses mercantiles sino también a su concepción mesiánica y democratizadora del mundo, y a que creyó a México incapaz de gobernarse. Tales convicciones derivaron en su deseo de controlar la Revolución Mexicana. El fracaso de dicho idealismo, según Mayer, reveló que Wilson no podía regir los destinos de los demás países del continente porque éstos debían actuar de acuerdo con su historia y sus necesidades.
José Fuentes Mares, historiador mexicano
Authors: Villalpando César Manuel José
Published: March 2019

El autor realiza una semblanza de José Fuentes Mares, expone las motivaciones de su labor intelectual y asegura que fue un historiador apasionado, quien intuyó la importancia de las relaciones internacionales para el estudio de los episodios nacionales. Indica que él creía que la historia de un pueblo no podía concebirse aislada del resto de las naciones; más aún, siempre pugnó contra la historia oficial de México y buscó una versión más humana y desmitificadora. Acentúa que, aun cuando Fuentes Mares no se formó profesionalmente como historiador, dio importancia extrema a la investigación y tuvo una preparación sólida en las humanidades. Villalpando ve en él la noción de historia como maestra de vida.
El doctor Pedro Bosch que yo conocí. Homenaje en un aniversario de su muerte
Authors: Bosch García Carlos
Published: March 2019

Como un homenaje, Carlos Bosch García elabora un recorrido de la vida de Pedro Bosch-Gimpera quien, además de un gran investigador, fue su padre. Por ello, el texto no habla sobre las aptitudes intelectuales de aquél sino que resalta su principal virtud, es decir, el saber cómo ser un hombre valioso y útil para el resto de los individuos.
Consideraciones sobre el factor religioso en la pérdida del territorio de Texas, 1821-1835
Authors: Trejo Evelia
Published: March 2019

Evelia Trejo plantea que el factor religioso fue relevante en los acontecimientos que culminaron con la separación y anexión de Texas a Estados Unidos. Para comprobarlo, describe las condiciones cómo ese territorio se pobló principalmente por angloamericanos protestantes, pese a la oposición de los conservadores y la exigencia liberal de respeto a las leyes mexicanas. Además, estudia las justificaciones que Estados Unidos empleó para llevar a cabo su expansionismo.
México y la encíclica Etsi iam diu de León XII
Authors: Hernández S. Héctor C.
Published: March 2019

Héctor Hernández analiza el contexto mexicano durante el cual el papa León XII emitió, en 1824, la encíclica Etsi iam diu por petición del rey Fernando VII de España. El autor califica a este comunicado papal, que estaba en contra de la emancipación de los pueblos americanos y a favor del dominio español, como una "locura", pues sus únicos resultados fueron el rechazo unánime de la sociedad mexicana y un daño a la imagen del Vaticano.
Hacia una nueva frontera. Baja California en los proyectos expansionistas norteamericanos, 1846-1865
Authors: Terrazas y Basante Marcela
Published: March 2019

Marcela Terrazas examina la vocación expansionista de Estados Unidos sobre Baja California y el noroeste de México, expresada a través de ocupaciones militares, filibusterismo, y las llamadas "reclamaciones", cuyos propósitos fundamentales eran establecer una nueva frontera, poner fin al predominio financiero británico e impulsar su comercio con Asia. Un apetito anexionista que, frenado por la contradicción interna entre el norte y el sur de Estados Unidos, primero se materializó en el territorio y, tras el fin de la guerra de Secesión, en los mercados.
La política del gobierno de los Estados Unidos hacia México (noviembre de 1911 a febrero de 1913)
Authors: Mayer Alicia
Published: March 2019

Alicia Mayer analiza la política exterior estadounidense establecida en México por el presidente William Howard Taft, que se caracterizó por sustituir las balas por los dólares, respondiendo a la conquista de mercados y no a la territorial. Se pregunta por qué se deterioraron en tal medida las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y el primer gobierno revolucionario mexicano, si éste se había comprometido a proteger los intereses económicos extranjeros, al argumentar, como posible causa, la desobediencia de Henry Lane Wilson, embajador norteamericano en México, considerado autor intelectual del golpe contra Madero.
Aída Lerman Alperstein, Comercio exterior e industria de transformación en México, 1910-1920
Authors: Matute Álvaro
Published: March 2019

Reseña
La Independencia y las clases sociales: un ensayo de interpretación
Authors: Sugawara Hikichi Masae
Published: March 2019

Masae Sugawara afirma que la independencia no sólo debe concebirse como una lucha armada bilateral, pues se simplificaría un proceso que también mostró la existencia de contradicciones clasistas. Además, señala que el movimiento tuvo dos conflictos el de nación y el de clase. El primero surgió cuando todos los grupos lucharon por la autonomía política y, el segundo, cuando la reacción colonial y los conservadores hicieron causa común contra la revolución social que, según el autor, constituyó un eje de la liberación. Sugawara explica que la burguesía colonial no culminó la emancipación por sus propias divisiones; en cambio, la clase terrateniente consumó el conservadurismo y dominó la independencia como facción contrarrevolucionaria.
El ideario revolucionario de Ramón Beteta
Authors: Llinás Edgar
Published: March 2019

Edgar Llinás aborda la figura del secretario de Hacienda en el periodo de Miguel Alemán Valdés, Ramón Beteta, quien es considerado por el autor como un ideólogo de la Revolución Mexicana. Analiza el pensamiento político del ministro en diversos problemas como la identidad nacional, el agro, los obreros, la Iglesia, la educación y la industrialización. Además, señala que Beteta propuso soluciones enfocadas a superar la herencia colonial para establecer un país justo e igualitario.