bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working condition and health status of 6,317 front line public health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic across 5 provinces in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Jinghua , Xu Jingdong , Zhou Huan , You Hua , Wang Xiaohui , Li Yan , Liang Yuan , Li Shan , Ma Lina , Zeng Jing , Cai Huanle , Xie Jinzhao , Pan Chenghao , Hao Chun , Gilmour Stuart , Lau Joseph Tak-fai , Hao Yuantao , Xu Dong Roman , Gu Jing
Published: December 2020

Background: Public health workers at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) and primary health care institutes (PHI) constitute one of the main workforces for implementing prevention and control measures to contain the COVID-19 epidemic, but their efforts and health status have not been well documented. We aimed to investigate the working conditions and health status of frontline public health workers in China during the epidemic. Methods: Between February 18 to March 1, 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 2,313 CDC workers and 4,004 PHI workers in five provinces across China experiencing different scales of COVID-19 epidemic. We interviewed all participants about their work conditions, roles, burdens, perceptions, mental health, and self-rated health using a self-constructed questionnaire and standardized measurements (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire and General Anxiety Disorder scale). To examine the independent associations between working conditions and health outcomes, we used multivariate regression models controlling for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and poor self-rated health was 21.3%, 19.0%, and 9.8%, respectively, among public health workers (27.1%, 20.6% and 15.0% among CDC workers; and 17.5%, 17.9% and 6.8% among PHI workers). The majority (71.6%) participated in both field and non-field work and gave immense efforts. Nearly 20.0% have worked all night for more than 3 days and 45.3% had worked during the whole period of Chinese New Year. Three risk factors and two protective factors were found independently associated with all three health outcomes in our final multivariate models, including working all night for >3 days (ORm=1.67~1.75, p<0.001), concerns about being infected at work (ORm=1.46~1.89, p<0.001), perceived troubles at work (ORm=1.10~1.28, p<0.001), starting COVID-19 prevention work after January 23 (ORm=0.78~0.82, p=0.002~0.008), and capability to persist for more than 1 month at the current work intensity (ORm=0.44~0.55, p<0.001). Conclusions: Chinese public health workers gave immense efforts and personal sacrifices to curb the COVID-19 epidemic and were exposed to risk of mental health problems. Efforts should be taken to improve the working condition and health status of public health workers to maintain the morale and effectiveness of public health workers in the fight against the epidemic.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on influenza vaccination during pregnancy in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Erazo Carlos E. , Erazo Carlos V. , Grijalva Mario J. , Moncayo Ana L.
Published: December 2020

Background: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by influenza viruses in pregnant women and their children. In Ecuador, the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women is low. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pregnant women toward influenza vaccination in Quito-Ecuador.Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 842 women who delivered at three main public gynecological-obstetric units of the Metropolitan District of Quito. A questionnaire regarding demographics, antenatal care, risk conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices related to influenza vaccination was administered. We examined factors associated with vaccination using log-binomial regression models.Results: A low vaccination rate (36.6%) against influenza was observed among pregnant women. The factors associated with vaccination included the recommendations from health providers (adjusted PR: 15.84; CI 95% 9.62-26.10), belief in the safety of the influenza vaccine (adjusted PR: 1.53; CI 95% 1.03-2.37) and antenatal care (adjusted PR: 1.21; CI 95% 1.01-1.47). The most common reasons for not vaccinating included the lack of recommendation from health care providers (73.9%) and lack of access to vaccine (9.0%).Conclusions: Health educational programs aimed at pregnant women and antenatal care providers have the most potential to increase influenza vaccination rates. Further studies are needed to understand the barriers of health care providers regarding influenza vaccination in Ecuador.
Screening for Genetic Variants Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ivelina Mihaleva , Maria Mincheva , Mariela Hristova-Savova , Veronika Petkova , Rumen Nikolov , Markova Tzvetanka , Pavlina Gateva , Dimova Ivanka
Published: December 2020

Background

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of cardiovascular diseases that comprise the largest cause of both morbidity and mortality for the diabetic patients. Our objective was to study the allelic and genotypic frequencies of genetic variants that have shown a strong association with cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular complications and to assess the additional contribution of genetic variation in determining the risk for such complications.
Methods

We have used cardiovascular disease StripAssay kit (Vienna Lab) based on polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization. The following mutations were studied: FV G1691A (Leiden), FV H1299R (R2), Prothrombin G20210A, Factor XIII V34L, β-Fibrinogen − 455 G-A, PAI-1 4G/5G, GPIIIa L33P (HPA-1), MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, ACE I/D, Apo B R3500Q, Apo E2/E3/E4. 36 diabetic patients divided in 2 groups were analyzed: 1) 20 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease and 2) 16 diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease.
Results

We found higher than population frequency for the following alleles/genotypes – 5.5% for FV Leiden allele, 9.7% for FVR2 allele, 38.9% for β-Fibrinogen genotype − 455G/A, 58.9% for PAI-1 4G allele, 36.1% for ACE D/D genotype. Statistically higher frequency was established for β-Fibrinogen − 455 G-A in the patients with cardiovascular disease compared to non- cardiovascular disease (55% vs. 18.7%).
Conclusions

We detected high frequency of β-Fibrinogen − 455 G/A genotype in diabetic patients, especially in these with cardiovascular disease. Based on its pro-inflammatory role and its connection to possible thrombotic events, patients would benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment.
Treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures accompanied with pink pulseless hands
Authors: Xie Li-wei , Wang Juan , Deng Zhi-qiang
Published: December 2020

Background: The optimal treatment for pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures accompanied with a pink pulseless hand is controversial. Some clinicians recommend close observation after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the fractures, while some recommend surgical exploration if the radial pulse is unpalpable. The present study aimed to analyze the benefits and outcomes of close observation for treating pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures with a pink pulseless hand.Methods: Thirteen consecutive children presenting with a pink pulseless hand following supracondylar humeral fracture were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative color-flow Duplex ultrasound detection was used to assess brachial artery compromise in most cases. Urgent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the fractures were attempted first. Close observation was carried out when the hand was pink and pulseless with an absent radial pulse. Results: Preoperative color-flow Duplex ultrasound showed no disruption of the brachial artery in cases detected. Compression of the artery by the proximal fragment was observed in most cases, with one case of entrapment of the artery between fragments, and thrombus considered in two cases. All cases underwent urgent surgery, after which nine experienced immediate return of the radial pulse. The remaining four without a palpable pulse were managed with close observation and no deterioration of the vascular status was observed; therefore, no surgical exploration was performed. Postoperative color-flow Duplex ultrasound revealed continuity of the artery and rich collateral circulation. Patients completed an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, during which no major complications occurred. All patients achieved excellent limb function.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that close observation after urgent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a sufficient approach for the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures accompanied with a pink pulseless hand. Surgical exploration is not necessary as long as the hand is warm and well perfused. Color-flow Duplex ultrasound is beneficial for assessing vascular compromise and determining treatment strategies.
Attitudes of East Tennessee Residents Towards General and Pertussis Vaccination: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tandy Corinne , Tree Jennifer M. Jabson
Published: December 2020

Background Despite vaccination being one of the safest and most successful public health tools to control infectious diseases, some people still doubt the efficacy and safety of vaccines. In order to address vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiment, it is necessary to understand vaccination attitude development and vaccination behaviors. The objective of this project was to qualitatively investigate general vaccination attitudes and behavior with an additional emphasis on pertussis vaccination. Methods To identify factors that influence attitudes toward vaccination and behaviors in East Tennessee, eleven one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interview protocol and deductive codes were developed using the Triadic Theory of Influence as a theoretical framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively and themes were identified through constant comparison of interviews, considering both deductively and inductively coded data. Results Most participants (8) held positive attitudes towards vaccination. Participants (8) comfortable with vaccinating themselves or their children said they followed recommendations of doctors. Vaccine hesitant participants’ (3) most frequently cited concern was safety and concern about side effects. These participants also reported that they referenced non-academic or professional sources and felt confident about their knowledge of vaccines and diseases. Vaccine hesitant participants had low perception of risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly pertussis. Participants with children reported that friends and family were influential when deciding to vaccinate their children. Conclusions This study identified themes in the attitudes towards vaccination of participants recruited in East Tennessee. We found that risk perception and family and social group attitudes were the primary influences on vaccination decision making. We recommend that future research includes anti-vaccination participants in their research, if possible, and further explore the relationship between perception of one’s own knowledge and health behavior outcomes.
Factors influencing Adolescent Girls and Young Women's participation in a Combination HIV Prevention Intervention in South Africa
Authors: Appollis Tracy McClinton , Duby Zoe , Jonas Kim , Dietrich Janan , Maruping Kealeboga , Abdullah Fareed , Slingers Nevilene , Mathews Catherine
Published: December 2020

Background: For interventions to reach those they are intended for, an understanding of the factors that influence their participation, as well as the facilitators and barriers of participation are needed. This study explores factors associated with participation in a combination HIV prevention intervention targeting adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15-24-years-old, as well as the experiences of AGYW, intervention implementers, and facilitators in this intervention.

Methods: This study used mixed-methods approach with quantitative household survey data from 4399 AGYW aged 15-24-years-old in six of the ten districts in which the intervention was implemented. In addition, qualitative methods included semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in five of the ten intervention districts with 185 AGYW who participated in one or more of the key components of the intervention, and 13 intervention implementers and 13 facilitators.

Results: Findings reveal that almost half of AGYW (48.4%) living in the districts where the intervention took place, participated in at least one of the components of the intervention. For both 15-19-year-olds and 20-24-year-olds, factors associated with increased participation in the intervention included being HIV negative, in school, never been pregnant, and having had a boyfriend. Experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or sexual violence in the past 12 months was associated with increased levels of participation in the intervention for 20-24-year-olds only. In our analysis of the qualitative data, facilitators to participation included motivating participants to join the interventions through explaining the benefits of the programme. Barriers included misguided expectations about financial rewards or job opportunities; competing responsibilities, interests or activities; family responsibilities including childcare; inappropriate incentives; inability to disrupt the school curriculum and difficulties with conducting interventions after school hours due to safety concerns; miscommunication about meetings; as well as struggles to reach out-of-school AGYW.

Conclusion: Designers of combination HIV prevention interventions need to address the structural barriers to participation so that AGYW can attend without risking their safety and compromising their family, childcare and schooling responsibilities. Strategies to create demand need to include clear communication about the nature and potential benefits of such interventions, and the inclusion of valued incentives.
Differential impact of non-pharmaceutical public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics in the United States
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuang , Xu Xiao , Li Guanqiao , Xu Xian , Sun Yuyao , Wang Fei , Shi Xuanling , Li Xiang , Xie Guotong , Zhang Linqi
Published: December 2020

Background: The widespread pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an unprecedented global health crisis. In the United States (US), different state governments have adopted various combinations of non-pharmaceutical public health interventions (NPIs), such as non-essential business closures and gathering bans, to mitigate the epidemic from February to April, 2020. Quantitative assessment on the effectiveness of NPIs is greatly needed to assist in guiding individualized decision making for adjustment of interventions in the US and around the world. However, the impacts of these approaches remain uncertain. Methods: Based on the reported cases, the effective reproduction number (B) of COVID-19 epidemic for 50 states in the US was estimated. Measurements on the effectiveness of nine different NPIs were conducted by assessing risk ratios (RRs) between a and NPIs through a generalized linear model (GLM). Results: Different NPIs were found to have led to different levels of reduction in c. Stay-at-home contributed approximately 51% (95% CI 46%-57%), wearing (face) masks 29% (15%-42%), gathering ban (more than 10 people) 19% (14%-24%), non-essential business closure 16% (10%-21%), declaration of emergency 13% (8%-17%), interstate travel restriction 11% (5%-16%), school closure 10% (7%-14%), initial business closure 10% (6%-14%), and gathering ban (more than 50 people) 7% (2%-11%). Conclusions: This retrospective assessment of NPIs on k has shown that NPIs played critical roles on epidemic control in the US in the past several months. The quantitative results could guide individualized decision making for future adjustment of NPIs in the US and other countries for COVID-19 and other similar infectious diseases.
Associations between developmental timing of child abuse and conduct problem trajectories in a UK birth cohort
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Hammerton Gemma , Fraser Abigail , Fairchild Graeme , Halligan Sarah L.
Published: December 2020

Background Although there is strong evidence for a relationship between child abuse and neglect and conduct problems, associations between child abuse experienced at different developmental stages and developmental trajectories of conduct problems have not been examined. We sought to investigate effects of timing of child abuse on conduct problem trajectories in a large UK birth cohort study. Methods We applied latent class growth analysis to identify conduct problem trajectories in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, using parent-rated conduct problems from ages 4-17 years (N=10648). Childhood-only and adolescence-only abuse, in addition to abuse in both developmental periods (‘persistent’ abuse), were assessed by retrospective self-report at age 22 years (N=3172). Results We identified four developmental trajectories: early-onset persistent (4.8%), adolescence-onset (4.5%), childhood-limited (15.4%), and low (75.3%) conduct problems. Childhood-only abuse and ‘persistent’ abuse were associated with increased odds of being on the early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problem trajectories compared to the low conduct problems trajectory. Adolescence-only abuse was not predictive of trajectory membership. There were no associations between abuse and childhood-limited trajectory membership.Conclusions Early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problems showed similar patterns of association with abuse exposure, challenging developmental theories that propose qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, differences in environmental risk factors between these trajectories. The results also highlight that childhood-only and ‘persistent’ abuse were more strongly linked to elevated conduct problem trajectories than adolescence-only abuse, and that ‘persistent’ abuse is particularly detrimental.
Seeking Research Questions from Implementers: Considerations for Leveraging Ground Actors Research Needs in the Fight against Malaria in West Africa.
Authors: Amouh Tete Sitou , Ekoye Saidou Malam , Ahanhanzo Césaire Damien , Guiguemdé Tinga Robert , Sombié Issiaka
Published: December 2020

In the Sahel countries of West Africa, malaria remains a public health scourge. To strengthen the fight against malaria, it is imperative to identify weaknesses and possible solutions before programs implementation. This study reports experiences gained from collaboration between decision-makers and researchers from a project undertaken by the World Bank, titled: Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Sahel (SM/NTD). The objectives of this World Bank project were to identify bottlenecks in malaria program implementation as well as related research questions they bring up. Questionnaire addressed to National Malaria Control Program managers and prioritization workshops were used as a medium to identify research questions. Identified research questions were implemented in selected countries and the results, as presented in this study showed that priority issues were those related to prevention, governance, drugs, monitoring and evaluation. The first five priority questions were: (1) compliance with drug doses on the second and third days during the seasonal chemoprevention (SMC) campaigns, (2) the contribution of community-based distributors to the management of severe cases of malaria in children under 5 years, (3) the SMC efficacy, (4) artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) tolerance and efficacy according to existing guidelines, and (5) the quality of malaria control at all levels of the health system. In conclusion, this work showed the effectiveness of collaboration between implementers, programs managers, and researchers in identifying research questions. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to improving the implementation of malaria control programs across African countries.
Interplate channel layer controls of slip during and after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Authors: Nakata Ryoko , Hori Takane , Miura Seiichi , Hino Ryota
Published: December 2020

There are remarkable differences between the middle and southern segments of the Japan Trench in terms of the seismic and aseismic slips on the plate interface and seismic velocity structures. The large coseismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake was limited to the middle segment, yet the observed negative residual gravity anomaly area in the southern segment corresponds to the postseismic slip area of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. A model can explain the different slip behaviors of the two segments by considering their structural differences. The model indicated that the plate interface in the south was covered with a thick channel layer, as noted by seismic survey imaging, and this layer resulted in the residual gravity anomaly. Numerical simulations that assumed obvious frictional heterogeneity caused by the layer existing only in the south successfully reproduced M9 earthquakes recurring only in the middle, followed by evident postseismic slip in the south. We suggest that, while the layer makes the megathrust less compliant to seismic slip, it promotes aseismic slip following the growth of seismic slip on the fault in an adjacent region.
KENAKALAN REMAJA KAUM SANTRI DI PESANTREN ‎(TELAAH DESKRIPTIF-FENOMENOLOGIS) ‎
Authors: Rahmatullah Azam Syukur , Purnomo Halim
Published: December 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih dalam kenakalan-kenakalan apa saja yang terjadi di pesantren, dan hasil penemuan penelitian dapat mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis kenakalan remaja kaum santri di pesantren. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kenakalan remaja terjadi di manapun dan dalam situasi apapun, termasuk di ranah pesantren. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku-perilaku santri terkadang nganeh-nganehi dan bisa dikatakan menyimpang dari aturan kepesantrenan. Hal yang demikian adalah fakta dan nyata. Oleh karena itu, dalam hal ini peneliti berupaya untuk menelaah lebih dalam lagi perihal kenakalan-kenakalan remaja santri yang terjadi di pesantren. Tujuan dari literatur dan sifat dari penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan eksploratif yang mengkaji secara mendalam untuk menemukan hal-hal baru, yang kaitannya dengan kenakalan remaja kaum santri di pesantren. Sedangkan analisisnya menggunakan studi content analysis yakni penelitian yang bersifat pembahasan mendalam terhadap isi suatu infomasi tertulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab kenakalan-kenakalan remaja santri antara lain dilihat dari individu santri, lingkungan pesantren dan lingkungan relationship antar santri. Adapun tingkatan kenakalan remaja santri terbagi menjadi tiga yakni kenakalan tingkat bawah, sedang dan tinggi. Sedangkan penanganan yang dilakukan pesantren untuk mengatasi kenakalan remaja santri menggunakan pendekatan antara lain pendekatan hati ke hati (touching heart), pendekatan spiritual-religius, sampai pada pendekatan yang berbasis kedisiplinan yang sifatnya tegas sesuai aturan yang berlaku.
Dynamics of Accumulation of Aerosols and Microscopic Fungi Spores in the Air of a Hermetic Inhabited Object during a Four-Month Isolation Experiment SIRIUS-19
Authors: Aleksandrova A.V. , Antonov E.A. , Ilyin V.K. , Kalechits V.I. , Kovbasyuk I.E. , Lashchenova E.A. , Maslakov O.Yu. , Pritchina E.S. , Usanova N.A. , Khozyasheva E.S. , Shakhov M.N.
Published: December 2020

A four-month experiment which reproduced the main temporal characteristics of the real space flight to the Moon in a medico-technical complex has been carried out. The content of aerosols in the indoor air of the hermetic inhabited object was continuously monitored using a Handheld 3016 laser aerosol counter (Lighthouse WS Co, United States). The number of particles was counted automatically, and the number of viable propagules and the species composition of the fungal population were determined by seeding. The results obtained by these two methods were compared, the regularities in dynamics of neutral particles and micromycete spores, as well as their relationship with the crew activity were revealed, and a possibility to use a particle counter on a spacecraft as an indicator of the microbiological situation was analyzed. A general tendency of an increase in the content of fungal spores in the air of the examined premises was observed from 2--5 at the beginning of the experiment to 287 ± 36 CFU/m3 closer to its end; however, this value did not exceed the sanitary standard recommended by WHO. Species potentially harmful for human health (Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger and A. sydowii) were detected, but their spore load was extremely low. indoor air, spaceships, microbiological contamination, aerosol particle counter The work was supported by the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (decree no. 1807 from 14.08.2019) and by the Moscow State University (grant for Leading Scientific Schools «Depository of the Living Systems» within the framework of the MSU Development Program).
Production of Industrial Enzymes based on the Expression System of the Penicillium verruculosum Fungus
Authors: Sinitsyna O.A. , Rozhkova A.M.
Published: December 2020

The review provides the data on the creation of highly active recombinant strains producers of a wide range of enzymes for various fields of industry and agriculture using the expression system of the Penicillium verruculosum filamentous fungus: endoglucanases, β-glucanases, xylanases, mannanases, phytases, α-galactosidases, pectin lyases, polygalacturonases, dextranases, exo-inulinases and chitinases. The recipient strain, P. verruculosum B1-537(ΔniaD), has a high secretory capacity (up to 60 g/L of extracellular protein in the culture liquid), and the recombinant producer strains are characterized by high productivity of target enzymes. The obtained enzyme preparations contain, as a rule, 30--70% of the target recombinant enzymes (in some cases, up to 80%) of the total protein pool. The P. verruculosum expression system makes it easy to transform expression constructs containing target heterologous or homologous genes, functionally linked to the promoter and terminator of the strong inducible promoter of the cellobiohydrolase-1 (cbh1) gene, and the genetic transformation of the recipient strain can be carried out simultaneously using several vector constructs. The incorporation of target genes into the chromosome of the recipient strain is an integrative process, and the foreign recombinant proteins encoded by them are not subjected to proteolysis. The technique of primary selection of positive transformants on agar media, as well as secondary selection during their cultivation in shaking flasks and fermenters, is simple and reliable in use, partly owing to standardized parameters: the nutrient composition of the fermentation medium and the culturing conditions of recombinant strains producing various target enzymes. The time spent on creating a producer of the target enzyme, from setting the problem to obtaining a recombinant strain, takes from 3 to 6 months. It is important to emphasize that recombinant P. verruculosum strains are successfully used in industrial processes as producers of various target enzymes.

expression system, cloning, industrial enzymes, feed additives, Penicillium verruculosum

The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (State Assignment 0104-2019-0009).
Biosynthesis and Secretion of Serine Peptidase SerP38 from Tenebrio molitor in the Yeast Komagataella kurtzmanii
Authors: Akentyev P.I. , Gubaidullin I.I. , Zhiganov N.I. , Tereshchenkova V.F. , Elpidina E.N. , Kozlov D.G.
Published: December 2020

A strain of the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast, a producer of recombinant peptidase SerP38 from the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor, has been obtained. The level of the pro-enzyme secretion was 20-50 mg/L. It was shown that, during secretion in yeast, the target His6-tagged protein was produced in two forms. One of them was a monomer that was efficiently purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and then activated with trypsin. Another form accumulated in the culture medium as oligomers prone to aggregation in the presence of Ni2+ ions and was not activated by trypsin treatment. Aggregation is likely the result of incorrect folding of the polypeptide chain.

Tenebrio molitor, S1 family serine peptidase, SerP38, yeast, Komagataella kurtzmanii, ion-dependent aggregation
Upaya pedagang kaki lima dalam mengatasi terpaan berita penyebaran Covid-19 di televisi
Authors: Fadhilla Intan
Published: December 2020

In a covid-19 pandemic situation like this, television media as information presenters, make social contributions by reporting to discussing social realities regarding the latest developments regarding the spread of the covid-19virus that is currently happening. In this case, news on television is the daily intake of the community, including the street vendors. Many media continued to launch and report the news to street vendors, who could not follow the government's directives to stay at home, because of the demands of work and the daily economy. However, the effect of news exposure is felt by street vendors and has its impact on them, so efforts are needed to overcome the exposure to the covid-19 news. This study aims to determine how the community's efforts to deal with exposure to covid-19 news on television. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method, using the theory of individual differences. The results of the research obtained from this research are street vendors in Cikedokan village, who are often exposed to news about covid-19 on television every day with a high frequency of broadcasts (often), so an effort to overcome exposure to the news is to limit yourself to watching. the latest news about covid-19 that is broadcast, besides that, street vendors are more selective in choosing good news for consumption so that it does not affect their attitudes and work in their day to day and do not forget to also obey government directions and ask more people. understand a situation like this pandemic.
Ramadan Tafsir Of The Glorious Qur’an Goes Virtual During Covid-19 Lockdown In Nigeria
Authors: Maigari Abdullahi Muhammad
Published: December 2020

The researchers were motivated by the adoption of digital communication applications and social media platforms by some Islamic scholars in Nigeria to conduct annual Tafsir of the glorious Qur’an in Ramadan 2020 in the midst of coronavirus lockdown. The paper adopted Lull’s Gratification Theory for theoretical explanation of virtual interaction between the scholars who conducted the Tafsir from an isolated places and the audience who watched or listened from their homes in adherence to safety measures to stop the spread of the disease. Methodologically, the study adopted a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique to elicit secondary data from the target participants. The study found that there is usage of digital medium of communication and interaction between Islamic clerics and their followers. This explains the flexibility of Islam to embrace development, adopt and adapt it in conformity with Islamic rules and regulations. The findings also show that Facebook, WhatsApp and Telegram are the most common internet based interactive platforms which Islamic scholars explored and disseminated their Tafsir virtual to the audience. The paper concludes that internet has enabled people not only to interact virtual but Tafsir and other forms of Islamic preaching can be conducted without co-presence of the preachers and the audience. The option of live streaming video on Facebook, WhatsApp and Telegram which consume a lot amount of data has enabled Muslim users to followed the Ramadan Tafsir from distant places.
Muslim scholars and the world of social media: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sule Muhammad Maga
Published: December 2020

The paper has examines what is considered dual contributions of the internet based medium of communication in Da’wah. These platforms for social interaction and communication have become medium of spreading Islamic messages by Islamic scholars. The objective of the paper is to analyze how internet related mane of communications and interaction have aided Da’wah. The researchers adopted an explanatory type of research whose aim is to explain a phenomenon of choice.  The researchers sourced data from the secondary sources and analyzed them. It is on the basis of such that, the findings of this research have portrayed that social media as medium of social interaction have been adopted as tools for Da’wah which learned Islamic scholars are using to propagate Islam and its teachings. However, the outcomes confirmed that social media have provided a fruitful ground for the germination of cyber space Islamic scholars, people who are not learned but share texts, video and audio containing distorted and misleading information. This has challenged the age long Islamic practice in Islam where any issues regarding Islamic Da’wah and Fatwa are exclusively for the learned Islamic Scholars. The study in addition reveal that what is obtainable on the social media now is, cyber scholars and quick to post or comment on issues that are exclusive the purview of Islamic scholars.
Arqueología de la Primera Guerra Carlista (1833-1839): Una introducción
Authors: Martín Etxebarria Gorka
Published: December 2020

El estallido y largo desarrollo de la I Guerra Carlista (1833-1839) supuso la construcción de una amplia variedad de elementos que a día de hoy constituyen un rico patrimonio arquitectónico y arqueológico: Durante los más de 7 años de guerra, carlistas y liberales recurrieron a la construcción de fuertes, trincheras, campamentos, torres… para alzarse con la victoria. La guerra no solo creó elementos ex novo, sino que muchos yacimientos de cronologías anteriores fueron modificados por el conflicto. A pesar de su multiplicidad, buen estado de conservación e importancia histórica, la arqueología apenas ha estudiado la realidad material de la I Guerra Carlista. Para suplir en parte esta carencia se realiza un primer estudio de conjunto de varios yacimientos de dicho contexto en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco.
O desejo do amanhã: resenha de "Controle", de Natalia Borges Polesso
Authors: Furtado Pedro Barbosa Rudge
Published: December 2020

Objetivamos, neste texto, examinar a dinâmica pulsional - entre o Eros e o Tânatos - irradiada pela e forma e pela mensagem do romance Controle, de Natalia Borges Polesso. A partir das noções de pulsão de morte e de vida, relacionadas conflitivamente e sintetizadas pelo filósofo Rogério M. de Almeida (2007), buscamos compreender como a figuração da doença, de larga tradição na literatura, insula Maria Fernanda, personagem principal da narrativa. Com o desaparecimento do transtorno epiléptico da protagonista, no entanto, a narradora expõe-se ao contato vigoroso com a alteridade, vislumbrando o futuro que outrora, quando doente, podia ser imaginado via alucinação. Por meio de ideias Susan Sontag (1984), Paul Ricouer (2007), Sidarta Ribeiro (2019) e do mencionado Rogério M. de Almeida (2007), analisamos a complexa rede afetiva que leva a protagonista a estruturar o porvir mediante a pulsão de vida.
Como o código bibliográfico ajuda a reconhecer a importância das materialidades dos textos
Authors: Monteiro Priscila
Published: December 2020

Ao passo que, na análise literária, é possível dar vazão a percepções individuais de leitura, aos pesquisadores ecdóticos cabe a responsabilidade de resgatar detalhes fundamentais para a compreender a transmissão de textos impressos – desde a busca filológica minuciosa entre diferentes versões publicadas até a reconstituição histórica de uma tiragem inteira. Para auxiliar na atualização de um paradigma interpretativo que, contraditoriamente, não percebe a presença dos livros que lê, faz-se necessário compreender a importância do conceito de “código bibliográfico” para os Estudos Literários contemporâneos. Formulado por D.F. McKenzie e atualizado por Jerome McGann, os estudos de Crítica Textual de vertente anglófona auxiliam na compreensão de uma perspectiva crítica em direção a um materialismo hermenêutico, capaz de abarcar noções mais amplas sobre texto, o que inclui também a condição material daquilo que, em qualquer suporte, pode ser interpretado.
Diálogo inimaginável sobre a catástrofe brasileira: sátira literária
Authors: Lísias Ricardo , Nascimento Gabriel
Published: December 2020

Neste diálogo inimaginável, colocamos frente a frente o escritor Ricardo Lísias, o editor Gabriel Nascimento e dois nomes emergentes na literatura brasileira contemporânea que publicam suas obras sob pseudônimo, como forma de ocultarem seus ortônimos: Messias Botnaro e Joanim Pepperoni, PhD. Embora o tom desejado da matéria fosse, inicialmente, o acadêmico, de acordo com os princípios internacionais de conduta e prática editorial, os escritores enveredaram pelos caminhos da galhofa e do humor, de modo que o texto final embaralha as fronteiras entre ficção e realidade, assumindo contornos satíricos.
O REGENTE SEM ORQUESTRA: NOTAS DE UMA ETNOGRAFIA DA AUDIÇÃO
Authors: Campos Tamara de Souza
Published: December 2020

O artigo apresenta uma prática de etnografia da audição ou sonora, que pode embasar trabalhos que investiguem mundos sonoros propondo uma conjugação do ver e ouvir, em vez de uma hierarquia entre ambos, do que resultaria pensar em termos de paisagens sonoras ou dos sons enquanto imagens simbólicas. O campo teve duração de quase dois anos e foi realizado em uma escola de Música, onde acompanhei o processo de formação profissional de um maestro de orquestra. No auge de uma sociedade imagética, o campo é um reduto de pessoas que primam por uma relação diferenciada com a vida e no contato com seus pares. Reflito sobre as faculdades do ver e do ouvir, intensamente discutidas pela Antropologia, e comparo às peculiaridades observadas in loco. A conclusão é de que audição e visão estão imbricadas o tempo todo no campo, compondo imagens sonoras que são interpretadas pelos nativos e mobilizadas na performance, auxiliando de modo mais efetivo tanto o convívio entre os músicos quanto a execução musical.
“A BANCA É O MEU PALCO!”: JOGADORES E DEALERS NUM CASINO EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Gomes João
Published: December 2020

Nos casinos, tal como acontece na grande generalidade do sector dos serviços, produção e consumo decorrem em simultâneo e no mesmo espaço. O processo de trabalho deriva, como tal, do encontro de subjectividades entre trabalhadores e clientes. Este artigo, baseado numa investigação etnográfica, procura analisar o processo laboral dos pagadores de banca (dealers/croupiers) num dos principais casinos portugueses, particularmente, as dinâmicas relacionais e interactivas entres estes profissionais e os jogadores. Os pagadores de banca, apesar de estrutural e hierarquicamente subordinados, são agentes activos nestas micro-interacções. Desta forma, rejeitam a subordinação interactiva que, normalmente, acompanha a estrutural, empregando um conjunto de estratégias performativas que visam inverter, simbólica e temporariamente, as hierarquias sociais. Gerindo, selectivamente, as suas ofertas estéticas e emocionais, os pagadores de banca constituem-se como agentes não subordinados, controladores, autoritários e superiores. No entanto, ao criar a dignidade na subordinação, estas estratégias tendem a produzir “consentimento” e não emancipação.
MISOGINIA E ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA IMAGEM PÚBLICA DE DILMA ROUSSEFF
Authors: Lima Elizabeth Christina de Andrade
Published: December 2020

O artigo se propõe a realizar uma análise sobre a construção da imagem pública de Dilma Rousseff, a partir de uma clivagem de gênero, tomando como caso para análise a construção de sua imagem pública em momentos de suas campanhas, governo e processo de impeachment, que culminou com o seu afastamento definitivo da Presidência do Brasil, a partir dos discursos e imagens veiculados sobre ela em redes sociais como o Facebook e diferentes Blogs, além da consulta a revistas hegemônicas semanais, tais como Veja e IstoÉ. Ao final concluímos que a imagem pública de Dilma Rousseff foi entrecortada pela construção estereotipada do gênero feminino e que muito da violência a ela dirigida foi de natureza misógina.
TIPOLOGIA DE CANAIS FLUVIAIS COMO MECANISMO DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA SENSITIVIDADE E POTENCIAL DE RECUPERAÇÃO EM UMA BACIA DE DRENAGEM NO SEMIÁRIDO PARAIBANO – MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO JOÃO DO TIGRE (PB)
Authors: Rodrigues Jeferson Mauricio , Souza Jonas Otaviano Praça de
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer níveis de sensitividade e potenciais de recuperação para diferentes tipos de canais nos 3 principais rios da bacia hidrográfica do rio do Tigre, no Município de São João do Tigre, semiárido paraibano. Para tal, foi utilizada a classificação proposta por Rosgen (1994), que no nível I de análise define 9 tipos gerais de canais fluviais através da localização no perfil longitudinal, perfil transversal e forma em planta do canal. O segundo nível de análise propõe 94 subtipos de canais após a inserção das variáveis de análise entrincheiramento, sinuosidade, largura/profundidade e textura de material de leito. Sendo assim, após a análise em 6 pontos na bacia, foi possível definir 4 subtipos de canais e definir qual nível de sensitividade e potencial de recuperação de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos na metodologia.
ESTUDO DA ENTOMOFAUNA DE DIPTERA EM ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO MARANHÃO
Authors: Formiga Luiza Daiana Araújo da Silva , Oliveira Janete dos Santos , Gonçalves Márcia Verônica Pereira , Lima Francilene Oliveira , Martins Alana Ellen de Sousa , Rodrigues Judson Chaves , Soares Francisco Ideilson Lima , Moreira Jaqueline Oliveira
Published: December 2020

O conhecimento da dipterofauna de uma determinada área é de grande importância para conhecer a sua biodiversidade. Pois, alguns dípteros são considerados bioindicadores, demonstrando indícios da qualidade ambiental de uma região. O estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento da ordem Diptera em diferentes ambientes na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Inhamum, Caxias-MA. A área experimental foi dividida em Área 1 (Mata de galeria) e Área 2 (Cerrado). Foram realizadas seis coletas, entre os meses de outubro de 2017/março de 2018. Utilizando armadilhas Provid. Em cada área foram instalados seis transectos paralelos, com distância de aproximadamente 10 m entre si e em cada transecto foram marcadas cinco unidades amostrais equidistantes, onde foram amostrados 30 pontos em cada área, totalizando 60 pontos. O presente estudo obteve um total 1.040 espécimes da ordem Diptera nas duas áreas, sendo 479 espécimes e 22 famílias para a Área I e 561 espécimes e 23 famílias para Área II. O levantamento de famílias da ordem Diptera realizado na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Inhamum aponta a riqueza de espécimes existentes nas áreas destacadas por esse estudo e os estimadores de riqueza mostram que mais pesquisas precisam ser realizadas, pois, devem existir na região espécimes raros.
Estudos sobre currículo de enfermagem na educação profissional
Authors: Afonso Shirley , Carvalho Maria Lucia Mendes de
Published: December 2020

É importante promover a preservação dos registros da trajetória da educação de nível médio em enfermagem, pois, ainda são escassas as literaturas que tratam sobre a profissão técnica de enfermagem e sua evolução no país e na América Latina. Este estudo é do tipo bibliométrico, com objetivo de quantificar a produção científica a respeito dos currículos educacionais da formação de nível médio em enfermagem desde 1940. As publicações evidentes são encontradas nos anos de 2004, 2018 e 2019, concentrando os estudos nas instituições de língua espanhola e nas Escolas de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, tanto em São Paulo como em Ribeirão Preto. Tal concentração demonstra carência no desenvolvimento desses estudos em outras universidades e escolas de enfermagem.
“Cobra de Vidro”: páginas da história do movimento estudantil em São Paulo (1975-1978)
Authors: Pedote Ingrid , Leonardi Paula
Published: December 2020

"Cobra de Vidro" foi um jornal produzido, escrito e distribuído por um grupo de estudantes de faculdades particulares, que circulou na cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 1975 e 1978, durante parte da ditadura empresarial-militar. Marcado pela reorganização do movimento estudantil e pelas lutas pela anistia e redemocratização, “Cobra” também foi uma das frentes militantes dos jovens que fizeram parte do Partido Comunista do Brasil. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar ao jornal e analisar as reportagens sobre as medidas de distensão, mais especificamente sobre a anistia, anunciadas pelo então presidente Ernesto Geisel um ano antes da criação do jornal. Utiliza como fonte oito números do jornal e quatro entrevistas com editores do periódico.
AL-DINAWARI AND AL-TABARI, ARABIC-SPEAKING HISTORIANS IN THE 9TH — EARLY 10TH CENTURY, ON THE ARMENIAN TROOPS AT THE BYZANTINE MILITARY SERVICE IN 590-591: TOWARDS THE PARTICIPATION OF THE ARMENIAN NOBLE FAMILIES (NAKHARARS)
Authors: MEKHAMADIEV Evgeniy A.
Published: December 2020

This article covers the legal status, condition, and functions of the Armenian troops, which fought within the Byzantine army on behalf of the Persian king Khosrow II Parwiz in 591 during his clash with a Persian usurper Bakhram Chobin. The author turns his attention to the sources, which had been neglected in previous historiographic studies. The sources ate the accounts of Arabic-speaking historians al-Dinawari and al-Tabari, who lived in the 9th — early 10th century. Having compared their evidence and the narratives of the Greek (Theophylactus Symocatta) and Armenian (Sebeos) historical chronicles, the author has discovered a social origin of the Armenian troops, which were a part of the Byzantine army. In addition, the author has traced the way of their territorial movements and studied in succession how the functions and status of these Armenian units changed over the time.
In regards to the methods, the author highlights the usage of the historical-chronological narrative, i. e. the analysis of event history, when events are arranged and presented in strict chronological order. This method has allowed seeing the events in consecutive manner: how the status and functions of Armenian ethnic units within the Byzantine army changed before and after 590-591.
The main conclusion of this contribution is that the Armenian units, which fought for the sake of Khosrow II Parwiz within the Byzantine troops, represented the retinues of nakharars, who were the chiefs of Armenian noble families, but first these nakharars located on a territory of Persia, not Byzantium. The supreme and general leader of such retinues was a powerful nakharar Moushel Mamikonean, who refused to accept Bakhram and as a result joined the Byzantine troops, which came to Persia at the request of Khosrow in order to destroy Bakhram. After Bakhram was defeated, Moushel and the nakharars subordinated to him, moved and resettled in Byzantium. However, because of the mistaken policy the Byzantine Emperor Mauricius led towards the Armenian noble, Moushel and his nakharars left Byzantium and fled back to Persia.
The departure of the Armenian nakharars generated a serious weakening of Byzantine troops, which stood in Armenian provinces of Byzantium, and this process, in turn, caused the hard defeats of Byzantines from the Persians during 603-607, when Mauricius was already murdered as a result of the internal Byzantine military unrest.