bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of an Orphan Legume, Grasspea: Current Status and Future Strategy
Authors: Rathi Divya , Chakraborty Subhra , Chakraborty Niranjan
Published: July 2015

Orphan legumes are defined as those which are grown as food, animal feed and/or other legumes of agriculture importance, but which have received very little research attention. Grasspea is one of the best examples of such legume which is cultivated worldwide, as it is the cheapest source of dietary protein particularly for the developing world. It has remained outside the realm of largescale functional genomics studies. Many grasspea cultivars are capable to withstand a myriad of constraints, not only the common abiotic stresses, but pests and pathogen attack making it one of the potential systems to study stress tolerance. In recent years, most of its traits that interest biologists worldwide, such as stress tolerance, have rated so high that a number of new initiatives have been taken by different research groups for better and safer use of grasspea. In this review, we discuss the progress made in the field of grasspea proteomics to date and dwell upon the future direction/problems/approaches towards defining the grasspea proteome.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 117-141, 2015 (June)
Is there is any relationship between malocclusion and nutritional pattern of children
Authors: Khan Saeed Hossain , Hasan Md Nazmul , Anjum Sakiba , Rafique Tanzila
Published: July 2015

Objective: Malnutrition of children results the underdevelopment of skeleton and facial structure, which might causes the malocclusion in developing dentitions. The study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the malocclusion and malnutrition.Method: Cross-sectional observational study was done with structured questioner from 627 school children (276 male, 349 female) of 7 to 15years age. Variable were set according to WHO guideline of malocclusion and malnutrition.Result: Among the study populations subject with malnutrition, having persistent digit sucking habit of more than 6years of age has been associated with malocclusion (OR = 3.1; 95%CI).Conclusion: No association was reported between malnutrition and malocclusion.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (2): 09-13
HIF-1 Dimerization Inhibitor Acriflavine Enhances Antitumor Activity of Sunitinib in Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Yin Tao , He Sisi , Shen Guobo , Wang Yongsheng
Published: July 2015

Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, antiangiogenic therapy can induce intratumor hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression, which slows cancer progression. In our present study, we found that antiangiogenic therapy with sunitinib plus HIF-1 dimerization inhibitor acriflavine retarded tumor growth in a murine model of breast cancer. The combination of sunitinib with acriflavine significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor and TGF-β expression and reduced tumor vasculature followed by increased intratumor necrosis and apoptosis. Moreover, decreased accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen was observed after the combinational therapy. In conclusion, the combination of HIF-1 inhibition and antiangiogenic therapy may represent a novel strategy for cancer patients.
Role of Vitamin D Metabolism and Activity on Carcinogenesis
Authors: Wu Xiayu , Zhou Tao , Cao Neng , Ni Juan , Wang Xu
Published: July 2015

The vitamin D endocrine system regulates a broad variety of independent biological processes, and its deficiency is associated with rickets, bone diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tuberculosis. Cellular and molecular studies have also shown that it is implicated in the
suppression of cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Sunlight exposure and consequent increased circulating levels of vitamin D are associated with reduced occurrence and a reduced mortality in different histological types of cancer, including those resident in the skin, prostate,
breast, colon, ovary, kidney, and bladder. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a steroid hormone superfamily of nuclear receptors is highly expressed in epithelial cells at risk for carcinogenesis, providing a direct molecular link by which vitamin D status impacts on carcinogenesis. Because VDR
expression is retained in many human tumors, vitamin D status may be an important modulator of cancer progression in persons living with cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D, VDR, and cancer, summarizing several mechanisms proposed to explain the
potential protective effect of vitamin D against the development and progression of cancer.
Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage
Authors: Pfleger Nicole , Bauer Thomas , Martin Claudia , Eck Markus , Wörner Antje
Published: July 2015

Thermal energy storage (TES) is capable to reduce the demand of conventional energy sources for two reasons: First, they prevent the mismatch between the energy supply and the power demand when generating electricity from renewable energy sources. Second, utilization of waste heat in industrial processes by thermal energy storage reduces the final energy consumption. This review focuses mainly on material aspects of alkali nitrate salts. They include thermal properties, thermal decomposition processes as well as a new method to develop optimized salt systems.
Case Relations in Modern Greenlandic
Authors: Underhill Robert
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 467-478
Discovering Connections
Authors: Mishra Arpita
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 73-89
Evidence of Grammatical Convergence in Dakhini Urdu and Telugu
Authors: Pray Bruce R.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 90-99
Indian Demonstrative Pronominal Bases – A Revision
Authors: Emeneau M. B.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 20-27
Is Brahui Really Dravidian?
Authors: McAlpin David W.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 66-72
Lexical Extension and Grammatical Transformations
Authors: Aissen Judith , Hankamer Jorge
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 238-249
On a Certain Construction of English’s
Authors: Janda Richard D.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 324-336
Penutian Among the Ruins: A Personal Assessment
Authors: Shipley William
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 437-441
Subjects, Topics and Agents: Evidence from Property-factoring
Authors: Van Oosten Jeanne
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 479-494
The Development and Productivity of Prefixes
Authors: Allen Andrew S.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 250-258
The Grammatical Status of Aspectual Catenatives in English
Authors: Brinton Laurel
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 268-277
The Passive in Sliammon
Authors: Davis John H.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 278-286
The Tamil Liquids
Authors: Schiffman Harold
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 100-110
To Taboo Everything at All Times
Authors: Diffloth G.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 157-165
The Behavior of Option’s Implied Volatility Index: a Case of India VIX
Authors: Shaikh Imlak , Padhi Puja
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behavior of implied volatility in the form of day-of-the-week, year-of-the-month and surround the expiration of options. The persistence of volatility is modeled in ARCH/GARCH type framework. The empirical results have shown significant effects of the day-of-the-week, month-of-the-year and day of options expiration. The positive significant Monday effect explains that India VIX rises significantly on the initial days of the market opening, and the significant negative Wednesday effect shows that expected stock market volatility fall through Wednesday-Friday. Moreover, the study reveals the fact on options expiration, the evidence shows that India VIX fall significantly on the day of expiration of European call and put options. The March and December months have reported significant negative impact on the volatility index. Certainly, this kind of results holds practical implication for volatility traders, and helps to the market participant in hedging and pricing of options.
Investment Portfolio Optimisation Model Based on Stocks Investment Attractiveness
Authors: Pasekova Marie , Fiserova Zuzana , Crhova Zuzana , Barinova Dagmar
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this contribution is to ascertain the rate of creditors’ satisfaction in debt relief. The aim of the paper is to set an approximation functions which guarantee a value of 100% of satisfaction of creditors’ receivables for a zero rate of debt and asymptotically nears a level of 30% with an increasing rate of debt. There are two methods used in this paper. Method of analysis was used to analyse of collected data on the course of debt relief of natural person. The method of the ordinary least squares method was used for setting the approximation functions. On the basis of a survey, it was found that individual creditors are satisfied to 50% of their ascertained receivables.
Managerial Characteristics and its Impact on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Syria
Authors: Milana Elias , Maldaon Issa
Published: July 2015

This study aims to explore impact of managerial human capital in performance of a Syrian public organization, Directorate of Finance of province of Damascus, through use some of managerial characteristics are age, level of education, tenure and functional track. This study applied on a sample of 12 managers and 138 employees. The study reveals that there are no significant effect of age, level of education and functional track in performance of Directorate of Finance of province of Damascus, while there is a positive, strong and significant effect of tenure manager in organizational performance, which indicates that managerial characteristics almost irrelevant with performance of Directorate of Finance of the province of Damascus, and the public sector in general. Such results appear a need for efforts are invested in the formulation and implementation of human resource procedures and policies which can bring about effective change in behaviours and roles of the public managers and employees.
Challenges in Learning for Company‘s Financial Viability Assessment and Management
Authors: Koleda Nadezda , Oganisjana Karine
Published: July 2015

Many entrepreneurs in Latvia are limited in choice of tools for the improvement of their financial literacy. Therefore the training course “Financial literacy of entrepreneurs in the field of financial viability management” was elaborated and tested with the aim to improve the course and reveal the challenges facing different categories of learners. The research was formative as it combined the promotion of learners and trainers’ competencies and behaviours with the research process throughout all the five training cycles. The research methods applied were chosen based on the inner logics and aims of the teaching and learning processes: videorecording of learners’ activities and analysis of the videomaterials; analysis of the learners’ work and reflections. Out of the identified sixteen challenges faced by learners, three were especially crucial and caused further difficulties in coping with different tasks on assessment and management of company’s financial viability. It was concluded that there may be three categories of learners whose training should be organised in different modes taking into account the level of their preparedness in accountancy, tax accounting and financial analysis.
Microwave Assisted Dissolution of Sri Lankan Ilmenite: Extraction and Leaching Kinetics of Titanium and Iron Metals
Authors: Premaratne W.A.P.J. , Rowson N.A.
Published: July 2015

The kinetics of the leaching of titanium and iron from Sri Lankan ilmenite in a sulphuric acid medium heated by microwave energy is studied. The effects of the concentration of sulphuric acid, reaction temperature and particle size on the kinetics of dissolution of ilmenite are investigated. Results show that both the acid concentration and the temperature have significant effects on the rate of dissolutions of titanium and iron from ilmenite. The dissolution of both titanium and iron from ilmenite was controlled by a chemical reaction on the surface of ilmenite particles. Maximum extractions of 74.2 (±1.1) % of titanium and 71.3 (±0.8) % of iron from the ilmenite ore were achieved using a microwave leaching system of 600 W, 2.45 GHz. Experimental results further showed that the apparent activation energies for the dissolution of titanium and iron were 137 kJ mol-1 and 117.1 kJ mol-1 respectively. Therefore, microwave energy has a potential for the speedy and efficient leaching of ilmenite and in a commercial context it can be used as a more economical and environmental friendly process. The results of the mineralogical and chemical analysis studies for the ilmenite ore indicated that both ilmenite (FeTiO3) and pseudorutile (Fe2Ti3O9) minerals were present with a grade of 37.9% titanium. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 9 (2014): 01-14
Intraspecific Variation of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Grown in Sri Lanka and Establishing a Suitable Propagation System
Authors: Priyadarshan A.I.S. , Senanayake S.P. , Jayatilleke M.P. , Rajapakse S.
Published: July 2015

Flueggea leucopyrus belongs to family Phyllanthaceae, commonly known as ‘Katupila’or ‘Heen katupila’ and has become increasingly popular as an ingredient in several traditional therapeutic systems in Sri Lanka as well as in other Asian countries. A questionnaire survey was carried out using a hundred population sample to determine the awareness of the distribution and therapeutic uses of F. leucopyrus in Sri Lanka as a preliminary survey. The aims of the present study were to interpret the phenetic variation and determine the variation of phenolic composition in leaf extracts of F. leucopyrus in different climatic zones in Sri Lanka and to develop a suitable propagation system for F. leucopyrus. Eleven floral and vegetative characters of F. leucopyrus were observed and cluster analysis was carried out to infer phenetic relationships among populations collected from localities, Colombo, Kurunegala, Puttalam and Hambanthota, .representing different climatic zones. Medicinal value of most of plants lies in phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. Thus, leaf samples were extracted into ether, and ether extracts were used to isolate phenolic compounds using 2-Dimensional paper chromatography in solvent systems, butanol: acetic acid: water; 6:7:3 and sodium formate: formic acid: water; 10:1:200. Colors of the spots were observed under UV (366nm), and Rf values were calculated. Intra specific variations were observed in the distribution of phenolics in leaves and phenetic characters of F. leucopyrus with respect to their habitats in different climatic zones. Due to low seed production in F. leucopyrus, stem cuttings (Semi-hardwood, hardwood and softwood) in three different potting media were used to evaluate the successfulness in propagation. Semi hardwood and hardwood cuttings of F. leucopyrus were well established within a period of one week in sand potting medium while softwood cutting has not responded in any of the media during the period. Medium with only coir dust was also not successful in establishing the cuttings. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 9 (2014): 15-25
A Subset of CD8αβ+ Invariant NKT Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Wen Xiangshu , Kim Seil , Xiong Ran , Li Michelle , Lawrenczyk Agnieszka , Huang Xue , Chen Si-Yi , Rao Ping , Besra Gurdyal S. , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia , Porcelli Steven A. , Akbari Omid , Exley Mark A. , Yuan Weiming
Published: July 2015

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells demonstrating potent antitumor function in conventional mouse models. However, the iNKT cell ligands have had limited efficacy in human antitumor clinical trials, mostly due to the profound differences in the properties and compositions of iNKT cells between the two species, including the presence of a CD8+ subset of iNKT cells only in humans. To build reliable in vivo models for studying human iNKT cells, we recently developed the first humanized mouse model (hCD1d-KI) with human CD1d knocked in. To further humanize the mouse model, we now introduced the human invariant NKT TCRα-chain (Vα24Jα18) into the hCD1d-knockin mice. Similar to humans, this humanized mouse model developed a subset of CD8αβ+ iNKT cells among other human-like iNKT subsets. The presence of the CD8αβ+ iNKT cells in the thymus suggests that these cells developed in the thymus. In the periphery, these NKT cells showed a strong Th1-biased cytokine response and potent cytotoxicity for syngeneic tumor cells upon activation, as do human CD8αβ+ iNKT cells. The low binding avidity of iNKT TCRs to the human CD1d/lipid complex and high prevalence of Vβ7 TCRβ among the CD8+ iNKT cells strongly point to a low avidity–based developmental program for these iNKT cells, which included the suppression of Th-POK and upregulation of eomesodermin transcriptional factors. Our establishment of this extensively humanized mouse model phenotypically and functionally reflecting the human CD1d/iNKT TCR system will greatly facilitate the future design and optimization of iNKT cell–based immunotherapies.
Cutting Edge: Redox Signaling Hypersensitivity Distinguishes Human Germinal Center B Cells
Authors: Polikowsky Hannah G. , Wogsland Cara E. , Diggins Kirsten E. , Huse Kanutte , Irish Jonathan M.
Published: July 2015

Differences in the quality of BCR signaling control key steps of B cell maturation and differentiation. Endogenously produced H2O2 is thought to fine tune the level of BCR signaling by reversibly inhibiting phosphatases. However, relatively little is known about how B cells at different stages sense and respond to such redox cues. In this study, we used phospho-specific flow cytometry and high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) to compare BCR signaling responses in mature human tonsillar B cells undergoing germinal center (GC) reactions. GC B cells, in contrast to mature naive B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts, were hypersensitive to a range of H2O2 concentrations and responded by phosphorylating SYK and other membrane-proximal BCR effectors in the absence of BCR engagement. These findings reveal that stage-specific redox responses distinguish human GC B cells.
Late-onset male hypogonadism and fertility potential in thalassemia major patients: Two emerging issues
Authors: De Sanctis Vincenzo
Published: July 2015

Not available
Penetrating keratoplasty in eThekwini Health District 2011–2014
Authors: Khan Monawwar , Visser Linda , Mahomed Saajida
Published: July 2015

Background: Penetrating keratoplasty (PK – corneal transplantation or full-thickness corneal graft) remains the primary sight-restoring procedure for corneal blindness. South Africa is experiencing a shortage of donor corneas, resulting in long waiting times for a corneal transplant. A corneal graft protocol has been drawn up in the eThekwini Health District to triage prospective corneal graft recipients.Aim: To describe the clinical and demographic profiles of patients on the elective corneal graft waiting list, the waiting time for PK and the scoring system prioritisation process of corneal graft allocation.Setting: All patients on the elective corneal graft waiting list in the eThekwini Health District.Methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for a 3-year period between April 2011 and March 2014.Results: A total of 104 patients were on the elective corneal graft waiting list for PK during the study period. Only 20% (n = 21) of patients received a corneal graft during the 3-year period. Amongst those that received a corneal graft, the median waiting period was 280 days (interquartile range 143–520 days). The majority of patients on the waiting list (67%) were younger than 41 years of age. The commonest indication for PK was keratoconus (64%). Patients with higher pro forma scores are more likely to receive a corneal graft when a donor cornea becomes available.Conclusion: With a shortage of donor corneas, very few patients receive a corneal graft. Educational programmes are vital to increase awareness of corneal blindness and the value of corneal donations.
Using a simulated patient to transfer patient-centred skills from simulated practice to real patients in practice
Authors: Uys Yolinda , Treadwell Ina
Published: July 2015

Background: Simulation in healthcare education is common practice. Although this teaching strategy increases patient safety, it is not proven to enhance patient-centred care in practice. Simulated patients are used to teach communication skills and to contribute to the authenticity of the simulation. Could this enhanced authenticity help bridge the gap from simulated practice to practice with live patients where patient-centredness is of crucial importance? Objective: This study’s objective was to determine whether students who acquired a skill in simulation using a simulated patient displayed more patient-centredness in practice than students who used a mannikin. Method: A pre-experimental, post-test-only design with a comparison group was used. The population sample comprised all second-year B.Cur. students (N = 36) at a tertiary institution,who were divided into two cohorts. Cohort 1 was trained to administer an intramuscular injection using a simulated patient with a strap-on injectable device, whilst cohort 2 used an injection model. All participants were assessed on their procedural skills as well as patient centred care whilst administering an injection to a patient in hospital. A comparison was made of mean scores for patient-centred care rendered by the two cohorts. Results: Fisher’s exact test revealed that the mean score for patient-centredness of cohort 1 (88%) was significantly higher (p = < 0.001) than that of cohort 2 (74%). Conclusion: Using a simulated patient to teach administration of an intramuscular injection enhanced students’ patient-centredness when performing the procedure in practice. Recommendations include making use of a bigger sample and including a pre-test the next time research of this nature is carried out.
Treatment of Dynamic Mixture of n-Hexane, Benzene, and Methanol and Fungi Community Characterization in an Integrated Scheme of Cyclic Adsorption/Desorption Beds and Trickle Bed Air Biofilter
Authors: Zehraoui Abderrahman , Sorial George A.
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the effect of volatile organic compound (VOC) feed fluctuations on trickle bed air biofilters (TBABs) and the ability of a two-bed adsorption/desorption unit in dampening fluctuations. A mixture of n-hexane, benzene, and methanol with concentration ratios of 1:3:6.6 was fed to two parallel TBABs. To simulate feed fluctuations, four different square waves were applied. The total VOC loading rates (LRs) varied from 28.4 to 107.3 g/m3 h. The average concentration of VOCs applied to both TBABs was within allowable limits as determined in an earlier study. One TBAB was preceded by a two-bed cyclic adsorption/desorption unit (integrated unit), while the other TBAB (control unit) was directly subjected to the high and low peaks. n-Hexane elimination in the integrated unit was steady, and stable performance was obtained (75%-89%) based on the LRs, whereas the control unit showed erratic performance. The other two VOCs were mostly removed.
End-systolic Pressure–Volume Relation, Ejection Fraction, and Heart Failure: Theoretical Aspect and Clinical Applications
Authors: Shoucri Rachad M.
Published: July 2015

A mathematical formalism describing the nonlinear end-systolic pressure–volume relation (ESPVR) is used to derive new indexes that can be used to assess the performance of the heart left ventricle by using the areas under the ESPVR (units of energy), the ordinates of the ESPVR (units of pressure), or from slopes of the curvilinear ESPVR. New relations between the ejection fraction (EF) and the parameters describing the ESPVR give some insight into the problem of heart failure (HF) with normal or preserved ejection fraction. Relations between percentage occurrence of HF and indexes derived from the ESPVR are also discussed. When ratios of pressures are used, calculation can be done in a noninvasive way with the possibility of interesting applications in routine clinical work. Applications to five groups of clinical data are given and discussed (normal group, aortic stenosis, aortic valvular regurgitation, mitral valvular regurgitation, miscellaneous cardiomyopathies). No one index allows a perfect segregation between all clinical groups, it is shown that appropriate use of two indexes (bivariate analysis) can lead to better separation of different clinical groups.
Quelle place le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues accorde-t-il aux variations diatopique, diastratique et diaphasique?
Authors: Perko Gregor
Published: July 2015

Le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (désormais CECRL) est devenu un outil de référence incontournable dans les domaines de l’apprentissage, de l’enseignement, de l’évaluation et de la certification des langues vivantes. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la place et l’importance que le CECRL ainsi que différents ouvrages ou outils pédagogiques calibrés sur le CECRL accordent aux variations diatopique, diastratique et diaphasique.
Ronald Carter in Michael McCarthy: Cambridge Grammar of English, Cambridge University Press, 2006, 984 str.
Authors: Skela Janez
Published: July 2015

Vsak izid slovnice angleškega jezika med  učitelji vzbudi določeno pozornost. Tudi pričujoča slovnica – Cambridge Grammar of English – je ob izidu vzbudila veliko pozornosti in sprožila celo vrsto nasprotujočih si odzivov. Ne glede na vse gre za veličasten projekt velikega števila vrhunskih strokovnjakov, pri čemer sta glavna avtorja dva izjemno ugledna britanska jezikoslovca, ki sta besedilo ustvarjala skoraj sedem let. Vse kaže, da gre za eno najpomembnejših slovnic angleškega jezika doslej.
La adquisición del artículo determinado por aprendices eslovenos: análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los errores
Authors: Santiago Alonso Gemma Maria
Published: July 2015

Con este artículo se ha querido delimitar y describir una de las áreas más problemáticas del aprendizaje del español para estudiantes eslovenos: la adquisición del artículo. A partir de un análisis cuantitativo de errores se ha podido observar y analizar qué tipo de errores presentaban en sus producciones escritas, cuáles eran las áreas más problemáticas, en qué estructuras aparecían y por qué se producían. Las implicaciones didácticas derivadas de esta investigación nos obligan a reflexionar sobre la metodología y los materiales utilizados en el aula para la enseñanza del artículo, ya que tanto los errores analizados, las estrategias utilizadas, como el problema de fosilización de dichos errores subrayan claramente insuficiencias didácticas y metodológicas. Esto nos lleva a la necesidad de crear materiales específicos para los aprendices eslovenos que cuenten con una metodología de enseñanza en consonancia con las necesidades y características de nuestros aprendices.
Stalno izobraževanje učiteljev in učiteljic nemščine kot del vseživljenjskega učenja
Authors: Kosevski Puljić Brigita
Published: July 2015

Stalno izobraževanje oz. spopolnjevanje učiteljev in učiteljic pomeni vseživljenjsko učenje za poklicni razvoj, ki temelji na novih spoznanjih o avtonomiji odprtega profesionalizma v stroki. Namen stalnega izobraževanja je predvsem sledenje stroki, potrebam učencev in novostim v pristopih za poučevanje in učenje. V središču pozornosti morajo biti procesi poučevanja in učenja, pri katerih učitelji in učiteljice sodelujejo kot strokovnjaki in strokovnjakinje za pouk, ki znajo tudi kritično razmišljati o svojem znanju o pouku. Želja po strokovnem spopolnjevanju v smislu institucionalnega stalnega izobraževanja je prisotna pri veliki večini učiteljev in učiteljic, vendar je žal zaradi ne vedno smotrnih sistemskih rešitev omejena tako finančno kot tudi časovno.V članku so zbrana nekatera mnenja učiteljev in učiteljic nemščine iz evalvacije o stalnem strokovnem spopolnjevanju, iz katerih lahko tudi sklepamo, da je stalno strokovno izobraževanje potrebno prenove predvsem v tistih svojih delih, ki se tičejo strukture in načina izvajanja.
Vloga učitelja pri učni uspešnosti učenca: primer francoščine kot tretjega tujega jezika
Authors: Karmen Pižorn Darja Premrl,
Published: July 2015

Učna uspešnost učencev, učenk, dijakov in dijakinj (nadalje učencev) je odvisna od mnogih dejavnikov, notranjih in zunanjih, med katerimi so tudi taki, na katere imajo lahko pomemben vpliv učitelji in starši. Vprašanje je, ali učitelj zna oz. vsaj skuša odgovoriti na vprašanje: Kaj lahko jaz, kot učitelj naredim, da bodo učenci (pri mojem predmetu) učno uspešnejši? V prvem delu prispevka je izpostavljenih le nekaj možnosti iz obstoječe literature (predvsem slovenskih avtorjev), ki jih ima učitelj na razpolago, da pozitivno vpliva na učenčev razvoj, na njegov odnos do dela v šoli, na njegovo učno uspešnost. V drugem delu je predstavljena analiza ankete, ki je bila izvedena ob zaključku šolskega leta v sodelovanju z učenci francoščine, z namenom, da bodo na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov, učiteljevi pristopi v razredu (vodenje razreda, sodelovanje s starši, komunikacija z učenci, struktura in težavnost nalog, nudenje ustrezne povratne informacije, preverjanje znanja) pripomogli k povečanju notranje motivacije za učenje francoščine.
Umestitev izpitov iz angleščine na splošni in poklicni maturi v skupni evropski jezikovni okvir
Authors: Bitenc Peharc Suzana , Rot Gabrovec Veronika , Stopar Andrej , Tratnik Alenka
Published: July 2015

Članek najprej primerja nekatere vidike slovenske splošne in poklicne mature iz an gleščine, nato pa predstavi del rezultatov projekta »Umestitev izpitov iz angleščine v Skupni evropski referenčni okvir za jezike«, ki je potekal v obdobju 2008–10.
Triangulation of Needs Analysis in English for Tourism Purposes
Authors: Tonić Aleksandar
Published: July 2015

The article presents the results of my research in English for Tourism Purposes, a branch of English Language Teaching which is still relatively underdeveloped and which, in Slovenia, has been rather scarcely researched and studied. The base for the research is triangulation, the latest procedure used in the planning and realization of needs analyses. It is more reliable than informal crosschecking as it makes use of multiple sources and/ or methods of acquiring information. The research thus outlines an overview of the basics of English for Specific Purposes, illustrating and stressing the use of triangulation, which has never before been used in similar Slovenian researches. Learners, teachers and domain experts are the sources used; methods are questionnaire and interview. In conclusion, the importance of using triangulation in Needs Analysis is commented upon, the reliability of study results is substantiated and grounds for further studies in English for Tourism Purposes in Slovenia are set.
Učbenik In bocca al lupo, ragazzi!
Authors: Mertelj Darja , Trebec Benedejčič Tanja
Published: July 2015

V svojem dosedanjem desetletju poučevanja italijanščine kot obveznega izbir- nega predmeta, še prej pa fakultativnega pouka, sva vneto spremljali ponudbo učbenikov, ki bi bili primerni za potrebe mlajših najstnikov v starosti od 11 do 14 let in ki bi metodološko in vsebinsko odgovarjali potrebam te ciljne popu- lacije.
Public debt crisis, austerity and deflation: the case of Greece
Authors: Frangakis Marica
Published: July 2015

Greece is the country in which the eurozone's public debt crisis began in late 2009. The policy response of the EU elites was to provide financial assistance on condition that a strict austerity-cum-deregulation policy is applied under the watchful guidance of the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the IMF (the so-called Troika). Five years later, the country is in an economic, social and political limbo, as a debt-deflation process has set in. Greece, however, is not a special case. Rather, it illustrates the failures of the prevailing economic and political orthodoxy in the EU. At best, it can serve as an example of the cost of ignoring the lessons of the 1930s Great Depression.
Large-eddy simulation of contrail evolution in the vortex phase and its interaction with atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Picot J. , Paoli R. , Thouron O. , Cariolle D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In this work, the evolution of contrails in the vortex and dissipation regimes is studied by means of fully three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking method to treat the ice phase. In this paper, fine-scale atmospheric turbulence is generated and sustained by means of a stochastic forcing that mimics the properties of stably stratified turbulent flows as those occurring in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The initial flow field is composed of the turbulent background flow and a wake flow obtained from separate LES of the jet regime. Atmospheric turbulence is the main driver of the wake instability and the structure of the resulting wake is sensitive to the intensity of the perturbations, primarily in the vertical direction. A stronger turbulence accelerates the onset of the instability, which results in shorter contrail descent and more effective mixing in the interior of the plume. However, the self-induced turbulence that is produced in the wake after the vortex breakup dominates over background turbulence until the end of the vortex regime and controls the mixing with ambient air. This results in mean microphysical characteristics such as ice mass and optical depth that are slightly affected by the intensity of atmospheric turbulence. However, the background humidity and temperature have a first-order effect on the survival of ice crystals and particle size distribution, which is in line with recent studies.
Comparison of OMI UV observations with ground-based measurements at high northern latitudes
Authors: Bernhard G. , Arola A. , Dahlback A. , Fioletov V. , Heikkilä A. , Johnsen B. , Koskela T. , Lakkala K. , Svendby T. , Tamminen J.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The Dutch–Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board NASA's Aura spacecraft provides estimates of erythemal (sunburning) ultraviolet (UV) dose rates and erythemal daily doses. These data were compared with ground-based measurements at 13 stations located throughout the Arctic and Scandinavia from 60 to 83° N. The study corroborates results from earlier work, but is based on a longer time series (8 versus 2 years) and considers additional data products, such as the erythemal dose rate at the time of the satellite overpass. Furthermore, systematic errors in satellite UV data resulting from inaccuracies in the surface albedo climatology used in the OMI UV algorithm are systematically assessed. At times when the surface albedo is correctly known, OMI data typically exceed ground-based measurements by 0–11 %. When the OMI albedo climatology exceeds the actual albedo, OMI data may be biased high by as much as 55 %. In turn, when the OMI albedo climatology is too low, OMI data can be biased low by up to 59 %. Such large negative biases may occur when reflections from snow and ice, which increase downwelling UV irradiance, are misinterpreted as reflections from clouds, which decrease the UV flux at the surface. Results suggest that a better OMI albedo climatology would greatly improve the accuracy of OMI UV data products even if year-to-year differences of the actual albedo cannot be accounted for. A pathway for improving the OMI albedo climatology is discussed. Results also demonstrate that ground-based measurements from the center of Greenland, where high, homogenous surface albedo is observed year round, are ideally suited to detect systematic problems or temporal drifts in estimates of surface UV irradiance from space.
An ecosystem-scale perspective of the net land methanol flux: synthesis of micrometeorological flux measurements
Authors: Wohlfahrt G. , Amelynck C. , Ammann C. , Arneth A. , Bamberger I. , Goldstein A. H. , Gu L. , Guenther A. , Hansel A. , Heinesch B. , Holst T. , Hörtnagl L. , Karl T. , Laffineur Q. , Neftel A. , McKinney K. , Munger J. W. , Pallardy S. G. , Schade G. W. , Seco R. , Schoon N.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Methanol is the second most abundant volatile organic compound in the troposphere and plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. While there is consensus about the dominant role of living plants as the major source and the reaction with OH as the major sink of methanol, global methanol budgets diverge considerably in terms of source/sink estimates, reflecting uncertainties in the approaches used to model and the empirical data used to separately constrain these terms. Here we compiled micrometeorological methanol flux data from eight different study sites and reviewed the corresponding literature in order to provide a first cross-site synthesis of the terrestrial ecosystem-scale methanol exchange and present an independent data-driven view of the land–atmosphere methanol exchange. Our study shows that the controls of plant growth on production, and thus the methanol emission magnitude, as well as stomatal conductance on the hourly methanol emission variability, established at the leaf level, hold across sites at the ecosystem level. Unequivocal evidence for bi-directional methanol exchange at the ecosystem scale is presented. Deposition, which at some sites even exceeds methanol emissions, represents an emerging feature of ecosystem-scale measurements and is likely related to environmental factors favouring the formation of surface wetness. Methanol may adsorb to or dissolve in this surface water and eventually be chemically or biologically removed from it. Management activities in agriculture and forestry are shown to increase local methanol emission by orders of magnitude; however, they are neglected at present in global budgets. While contemporary net land methanol budgets are overall consistent with the grand mean of the micrometeorological methanol flux measurements, we caution that the present approach of simulating methanol emission and deposition separately is prone to opposing systematic errors and does not allow for full advantage to be taken of the rich information content of micrometeorological flux measurements.
Comparison of vertical aerosol extinction coefficients from in-situ and LIDAR measurements
Authors: Rosati B. , Herrmann E. , Bucci S. , Fierli F. , Cairo F. , Gysel M. , Tillmann R. , Größ J. , Gobbi G. P. , Di Liberto L. , Di Donfrancesco G. , Wiedensohler A. , Weingartner E. , Virtanen A. , Mentel T. F. , Baltensperger U.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties were explored in a case study near the San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) ground station during the PEGASOS Po Valley campaign in the summer of 2012. A Zeppelin NT airship was employed to investigate the effect of the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer at altitudes between ~ 50–800 m above ground. Determined properties included the aerosol size distribution, the hygroscopic growth factor, the effective index of refraction and the light absorption coefficient. The first three parameters were used to retrieve the light scattering coefficient. Simultaneously, direct measurements of both the scattering and absorption coefficient were carried out at the SPC ground station. Additionally, a LIDAR system provided aerosol extinction coefficients for a vertically resolved comparison between in-situ and remote sensing results. First, the airborne results at low altitudes were validated with the ground measurements. Agreement within approximately ±25 and ±20% was found for the dry scattering and absorption coefficient, respectively. The single scattering albedo, ranged between 0.83 to 0.95, indicating the importance of the absorbing particles in the Po Valley region. A clear layering of the atmosphere was observed during the beginning of the flight (until ~ 10 local time) before the mixed layer (ML) was fully developed. Highest extinction coefficients were found at low altitudes, in the new ML, while values in the residual layer, which could be probed at the beginning of the flight at elevated altitudes, were lower. At the end of the flight (after ~ 12 local time) the ML was fully developed, resulting in constant extinction coefficients at all altitudes measured on the Zeppelin NT. LIDAR results captured these dynamic features well and good agreement was found for the extinction coefficients compared to the in-situ results, using fixed LIDAR ratios (LR) between 30 and 70 sr for the altitudes probed with the Zeppelin. These LR are consistent with values for continental aerosol particles that can be expected in this region.
Nucleation and growth of sub-3 nm particles in the polluted urban atmosphere of a megacity in China
Authors: Yu H. , Zhou L. Y. , Dai L. , Shen W. C. , Zheng J. , Ma Y. , Chen M. D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Particle size distribution down to 1.38 nm was measured in the urban atmosphere of Nanjing, China in spring, summer and winter during 2014–2015. Nucleation event occurred on 42 out of total 90 observation days, but new particles could grow to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-active sizes on only 9 days. In summer, infrequent nucleation was limited by both unfavorable meteorological conditions (high temperature and RH) and reduced anthropogenic precursor availability due to strict emission control measures during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing. The limiting factors for nucleation in winter and spring were meteorological conditions (radiation, temperature, and RH) and condensation sink, but for the further growth of sub-3 nm particles to CCN-active sizes, anthropogenic precursors again became limiting factors. Nucleation events were strong in the polluted urban atmosphere. Initial J1.38 at the onset and peak J1.38 at the noontime could be up to 2.1 × 102 and 2.5 × 103 cm−3 s−1, respectively, during the 8 nucleation events selected from different seasons. Time-dependent J1.38 usually showed good linear correlations with a sulfuric acid proxy for every single event (R2 = 0.56–0.86, excluding a day with significant nocturnal nucleation), but the correlation among all the 8 events deteriorated (R2 = 0.17) due to temperature or season change. We observed that new particle growth rate did not increase monotonically with particle size, but had a local maximum up to 25 nm h−1 between 1–3 nm. The growth rate behavior was interpreted in this study as the solvation effect of organic activating vapor in newly formed inorganic nuclei using nano-Köhler theory.
Maximum likelihood representation of MIPAS profiles
Authors: von Clarmann T. , Glatthor N. , Plieninger J.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In order to avoid problems connected with the content of a priori information in volume mixing ratio vertical profiles measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), a user-friendly representation of the data has been developed which will be made available in addition to the regular data product. In this representation, the data will be provided on a fixed pressure grid coarse enough to allow a virtually unconstrained retrieval. To avoid data interpolation, the grid is chosen to be a subset of the pressure grids used by the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative and the Data Initiative within the Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) project as well as the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change climatologies and model calculations. For representation, the profiles have been transformed to boxcar base functions, which means that volume mixing ratios are constant within a layer. This representation is thought to be more adequate for comparison with model data. While this method is applicable also to vertical profiles of other species, the method is discussed using ozone as an example.
Overview of the O3M SAF GOME-2 operational atmospheric composition and UV radiation data products and data availability
Authors: Hassinen S. , Balis D. , Bauer H. , Begoin M. , Delcloo A. , Eleftheratos K. , Gimeno Garcia S. , Granville J. , Grossi M. , Hao N. , Hedelt P. , Hendrick F. , Hess M. , Heue K.-P. , Hovila J. , Jønch-Sørensen H. , Kalakoski N. , Kiemle S. , Kins L. , Koukouli M. E. , Kujanpää J. , Lambert J.-C. , Lerot C. , Loyola D. , Määttä A. , Pedergnana M. , Pinardi G. , Romahn F. , van Roozendael M. , Lutz R. , De Smedt I. , Stammes P. , Steinbrecht W. , Tamminen J. , Theys N. , Tilstra L. G. , Tuinder O. N. E. , Valks P. , Zerefos C. , Zimmer W. , Zyrichidou I.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The three GOME-2 instruments will provide unique and long data sets for atmospheric research and applications. The complete time period will be 2007–2022, including the period of ozone depletion as well as the beginning of ozone layer recovery. Besides ozone chemistry, the GOME-2 products are important e.g. for air quality studies, climate modeling, policy monitoring and hazard warnings. The heritage for GOME-2 is in the ERS/GOME and Envisat/SCIAMACHY instruments. The current Level 2 (L2) data cover a wide range of products such as trace gas columns (NO2, BrO, H2CO, H2O, SO2), tropospheric columns of NO2, total ozone columns and vertical ozone profiles in high and low spatial resolution, absorbing aerosol indices from the main science channels as well as from the polarization channels (AAI, AAI-PMD), Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity database, clear-sky and cloud-corrected UV indices and surface UV fields with different weightings and photolysis rates. The Ozone Monitoring and Atmospheric Composition Satellite Application Facility (O3M SAF) processing and data dissemination is operational and running 24/7. Data quality is quarantined by the detailed review processes for the algorithms, validation of the products as well as by a continuous quality monitoring of the products and processing. This is an overview paper providing the O3M SAF project background, current status and future plans to utilization of the GOME-2 data. An important focus is the provision of summaries of the GOME-2 products including product principles and validation examples together with the product sample images. Furthermore, this paper collects the references to the detailed product algorithm and validation papers.