bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding affective learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Ilonen Sanna , Heinonen Jarna
Published: October 2018

In the field of entrepreneurship education (EE), researchers, educators and policymakers have long attempted to determine whether EE has an effect on students, and many studies have provided anecdotal evidence measuring the impacts of EE endeavours. There is a particular lack of understanding in relation to affective learning outcomes – that is, the beliefs, attitudes, impressions, desires, feelings, values, preferences and interests of students – and of the related indicators. In response to this lack of understanding, this study aims to identify students’ affective learning outcomes in EE based on a taxonomy of such outcomes and to investigate and understand in depth their nature. The study draws empirically on the learning reflections of university students enrolled on a bachelor’s level course on corporate entrepreneurship, which are qualitatively examined through thematic content analyses. The study identifies various external and internal affective learning outcomes based on the levels of expertise of students and contributes to the existing EE literature by providing a more fine-grained understanding of these complex outcomes. For educators, the study makes affective learning visible in EE and provides insightful information for programme development.
Gentle Space-Making: Christian Silent Prayer, Mindfulness, and Kenotic Identity Formation
Authors: Pickell Travis Ryan
Published: October 2018

The practice of mindfulness has reached an unprecedented level of prevalence in the US and the UK, both in terms of widespread popularity and in terms of institutional support and investment. One potential clue to this phenomenon may be found in the nature of the institutional contexts that are increasingly being filled with mindfulness practitioners and seminars: each is deeply embedded in and pervaded by what philosopher Charles Taylor calls the ‘modern identity’. This article provides an analysis of mindfulness as a practice of moral formation that challenges these late-modern notions of human agency and identity. It does so by bringing mindfulness into conversation with another contemplative tradition, namely, Christian silent prayer as exemplified in the anonymous fourteenth-century handbook, The Cloud of Unknowing. It then situates these two formational practices within the broader social imaginary that dominates late-modern, North Atlantic life, and ventures a few suggestions about the significance of this overlap for Christian ethics, specifically at the end of life.
Modeling of aircraft effects on external store ejection
Authors: Kozak Mustafa Tugrul , Yildiz Erdinc Nuri , Yazicioglu Yigit , Cigeroglu Ender
Published: October 2018

Modern fighter aircraft, together with their interceptor roles, are utilized as aerial bomb and long-/short-range missile carriers. Separation of those external stores from aircraft is still a challenge where the external store has to clear the carrier aircraft following the ejection process. Aircraft and store aerodynamics coupled with their individual flight conditions may result in an unsafe ejection where the store may interfere with the carrier aircraft instead of a clear separation. Store ejection is the initial phase of the launching process, which dominates the separation of the store by generating the initial conditions. Any error introduced to the store separation analysis during this phase will propagate to the complete trajectory solution, which is used for determining whether the store separation is safe or not. The objective of this paper is to present a computational methodology that includes not only the store aerodynamics but also the interactions of the store with aircraft rigid body motions and deformations, together with ejector dynamics. In this study, store aerodynamics, aircraft aerodynamics, aircraft aeroelasticity, and pylon elasticity are used to characterize the ejector dynamics for determining the ejection end-of-stroke parameters.
Sources of laminated sediments in the northeastern Arabian Sea off Pakistan and implications for sediment transport mechanisms during the late Holocene
Authors: Forke Sven , Rixen Tim , Burdanowitz Nicole , Lückge Andreas , Ramaswamy Venkitasubramani , Munz Philipp , Wilhelms-Dick Dorothee , Vogt Christoph , Kasten Sabine , Gaye Birgit
Published: October 2018

Laminated sediments of the continental slope off the Makran coast in the northern Arabian Sea are well-known climate archives and record productivity, as well as supply of material from land. Here, we studied sediment core 275KL off Pakistan in concert with sediment trap, dust and river samples in order to characterize and quantify land-derived material deposited in varves and event layers. We analysed grain sizes, mineral assemblages, bulk components and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O) of carbonates. In winter, enhanced river discharge is the main source of lithogenic matter contributing the major amounts to the total annual sedimentation of the northern Arabian Sea. During the late summer season, lithogenic matter accumulation is slightly enhanced, probably carried along with the south-eastward blowing Levar winds from the Balochistan and the Sistan Basins and the summer monsoon discharge maximum of perennial streams. C/N ratios and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes could not be used to distinguish between organic matter produced on land and in the ocean, whereas stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of carbonates suggest that sedimentation of event layers is dominated by direct inputs from land. Catastrophic denudation and storm events occur on average once every 50 years and lead to sedimentation rates that exceed the mean annual sedimentations of 983 g m−2 yr−1 by 6 to 10 times. Nevertheless, due to their rare occurrence, they contributed only 7% to the total sedimentation during the last ca. 5000 years. End-member modelling of grain sizes in accordance with lithogenic matter accumulation rates and event layer frequencies showed that arid conditions prevailed between 4000 and 5000 a BP while more humid conditions commenced around 2000 ka BP in accordance with the Pacific ENSO record.
Mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and necrosis contribute to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–induced renal damage in rats
Authors: Ramamoorthy H , Abraham P , Isaac B , Selvakumar D
Published: October 2018

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is currently the only nucleotide analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor that is approved by the Food and Drug administration (FDA), USA, for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In recent days, renal toxicity is becoming common i HIV patients treated with TDF. However, the mechanism of tenofovir nephrotoxicity is not clear. We hypothesized that mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) overactivation and neutrophil infiltration may contribute to tenofovir-induced renal damage. Renal damage was induced in adult male Wistar rats by the oral administration of 600 mg/kg body weight daily for five consecutive weeks. Kidneys were removed and used for histological and biochemical analyses. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin–deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and caspase 3 activity and protein expression; mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by cyt c release; and PARP activation by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured as a marker of neutrophil infiltration. TDF administration resulted in increased number of TUNEL-positive cells, activation of caspase 3 and release of cyt c from mitochondria into the cytosol in the kidneys. There was increased nuclear localization of PARP as well as increase in its protein level in the TDF-treated rat kidneys. In addition, renal MPO activity was increased ninefold as compared to controls. The results of the present study show that mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, PARP overactivation and neutrophil infiltration contribute to tenofovir-induced renal damage in rats.
Performing Expertise: The Design of Audiovisual Links and the Construction of the Remote Expert Witness in Court
Authors: Rowden Emma , Wallace Anne
Published: October 2018

This article reports on empirical research conducted into the use of audiovisual links (videolinks) to take expert testimony in jury trials. Studies reveal ambivalent attitudes to court use of videolink, with most previous research focussed on its use for vulnerable witnesses and defendants. Our study finds there are issues unique to expert witnesses appearing by videolink, such as compromised ability to gesture and interact with exhibits and demonstrative tools, and reductions in availability of feedback to gauge juror understanding. Overall, the use of videolinks adds an additional cognitive load to the task of giving expert evidence. While many of these issues might be addressed through environmental or technological improvements, we argue this research has broader ramifications for expert witnesses and the courts. The use of videolinks for taking expert evidence exposes the contingent nature of expertise and the cultural scaffolding inherent in its construction. In reflecting on the implications of these findings, and on the way that reliability, credibility and expertise are defined and established in court, we suggest a more critical engagement with the relationship between content and mode of delivery by stakeholders.
Prophecy, Divination and Gender Justice in the Lumpa Church in Zambia
Authors: Kangwa Jonathan
Published: October 2018

This article examines the role of Prophecy and divination in the success of the Lumpa Church of Alice Mulenga Lenshina in Zambia. Concurring with James Amanze (2013), the article argues that the rapid growth of Christianity in Africa is to a large extent due to its engagement with prophecy and divination. Strong growth in African Christianity takes place mainly in the African Initiated Churches (AICs) which are Pentecostal-charismatic in their outlook. In these Churches the emphasis is on the prophetic ministry of the Church, evident in the performance of divination, healing and in predictions of the future. A good example is the Lumpa Church of Lenshina. Taking this Church as a case study, the article argues that Lenshina’s success and that of her Church are based on the fact that divination, prophecy and a search for gender justice were taken seriously.
Ignoring the North: Redressing a Serious Flaw in Liberation Theology from the Context of Malawi
Authors: Hetherwick Kumwenda Colby
Published: October 2018

Narratives of discrimination due to gender differentiations, educational background, cultural systems and/or political alignments are not new phenomena in human history. The concepts themselves are as old as the applications within the systems. In order to grasp the cruciality of the tendency, this article discusses the realities of discrimination among the people of northern Malawi using the Dalit experiences in India. Its emphasis is on how the Northerners of Malawi are politically and socio-economically sidelined in the entire system of governance. The article draws the conclusion that theology can in some ways help to minimize the situation when tolerance and accommodation in God’s design can be put into practice in order to promote harmony and togetherness. If this can be enhanced, the ignored North can feel part of Malawi and by doing so, they can reconstruct their lost humanity and dignity.
Woman in a Man’s Pulpit: Incarnating Feminism in a Black and White Collar
Authors: Lyter Bright Laurie
Published: October 2018

This article explores the potential applications of feminist pedagogy to the lived experience of weekly preaching from the perspective of a young, white, cis female, heterosexual faith community leader. When privilege is both obvious (whiteness, heterosexual, cis gender, middle class), but authority is simultaneously presumed and challenged based on historical constructs of theological role and presentation of gender, the act of preaching becomes a site of resistance. This article then discusses the act of homiletics – the art of interpretive storytelling, history teaching, persuasive speech, and spiritual performance – as informed by a feminist perspective. Does the pulpit present a bridge or barrier where gender is concerned? The physical act of preaching can represent an in-moment incarnating of a role, a historical step in a long-flowing river, and a psychological break point of self-erasure. This article posits that a thoughtful application of feminist pedagogy might dismantle these unspoken rules of the trade and create an opportunity for preaching as an act of resistance.
Al-Masā‘il fī al-tibb: Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq’s historic medical text with a distinctive style of Islamic medical education
Authors: Sadeghi Sajjad , Ghaffari Farzaneh , Alizadeh Mehdi
Published: October 2018

The golden age of Islamic medicine (800 to 1300 CE) is a notable period in medical history. Medical education in this period of time was significant and systematic in Islamic territory. In the early Golden Age of Islamic Medicine, Abū Zayd Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq al-'Ibādī, an exceptional scholar and translator, emerged. He was known as Johannitius in medieval Europe. Al-Masā‘il fī al-tibb lil-Mutāllimīn ( Questions on Medicine for Students) was written by Hunain ibn Isḥāq. This book remains a definitive text on Islamic medicine and has been printed and published widely in Europe. Al-Masā‘il fī al-tibb is written in the style of questions and answers which is distinct from the conventional writing style of medical books on Islamic medicine. The current article reviews Al-Masā‘il fī al-tibb and its distinguishing style, the question and answer format. Today, the question-and-answer method is a popular method of medical education, and clinical teachers tend to use it in medical education because of the advantages it offers. The use of this method in Al-Masā‘il fī al-tibb for education and examination of medical students by Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq reflects a great improvisation in medical education and introduces him as the leading developer of the question-and-answer method in Islamic medical education.
The centenary of ‘The Old Humanities and the New Science,’ the last public address of Sir William Osler (1849–1919)
Authors: Bryan Charles S
Published: October 2018

On 16 May 1919, Sir William Osler (1849–1919) gave what would be his last public address, ‘The Old Humanities and the New Science,’ to the Classical Association of which he was president. British educators were locked in a struggle between classics teachers, who wished to preserve their dominance in public schools and universities, and science teachers, who wanted more time in the curriculum. Osler had supported the science teachers’ position three years earlier in his presidential address to the Association of Public School Science Masters. What could he now say to the classicists without making enemies? He gently chided both groups, but he was less concerned that day with the curricular dispute than with the question whether ‘Science … can rule without invoking ruin.’ He averred that ‘there must be a very different civilization or there will be no civilization at all.’ He invoked the Hippocratic ideal of ‘ philanthropia and philotechnia’ (love of humanity and love of science of technology) not just for medicine, but for all of humankind.
Using Game-based Learning to Facilitate Attitude Change for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Janakiraman Shamila , Watson Sunnie Lee , Watson William R.
Published: October 2018

Environmental Sustainability Education (ESE) is a critical element in youth education, as it facilitates learners to understand and realize the importance of creating a sustainable future for themselves and others. Changing learner attitudes and related behaviours is critical in ESE. Digital game-based learning (DGBL) environments offer a suitable pedagogical tool for ESE, as they enable youth to learn and test their behaviours within the game. This literature review looks at studies that examine the efficacy of games as a pedagogical tool for producing change in attitudes and behaviours regarding environmental sustainability. While there are limited longitudinal studies that test whether learners retained their environment-friendly behaviours over time, which highlights the need for more such research; existing studies do show that games have demonstrated the potential for producing attitudinal change.
Social Work Practices in Palliative and End-of-Life Care for Persons Experiencing Homelessness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Petruik Courtney R.
Published: October 2018

This article summarizes literature focusing on social work roles in end-of-life care (EOLC) for persons experiencing homelessness. I conducted a scoping review drawing from the framework by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Included articles were English language, peer-reviewed papers from MEDLINE, Social Work Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts, published through to May 2018. I reviewed nonscholarly databases and conducted hand searches of reference lists. After applying inclusion criteria, I reviewed 21 articles in full. The selected articles revealed three themes: trusting relationships, collaboration and partnerships, and education, training, and knowledge. EOLC within the mainstream healthcare system holds assumptions that challenge adequate service to homeless populations. Incorporating social work into EOLC delivery can help address these gaps in the system.
Demystifying World Music Education: From Guiding Principles to Meaningful Practice
Authors: Mellizo Jennifer M.
Published: October 2018

Over the past several decades, music education scholars have put forth a variety of convincing rationales for world music education. Yet the gap between theory and practice in this area persists. In theoretical ways, practicing music educators acknowledge the value of world music learning experiences, but many remain reluctant to fully embrace and embody this approach in practice. Through this article, one practicing general music educator shares her personal experience of writing, implementing, and subsequently observing another music educator use a new world music curriculum resource, inspired by the music traditions of the Fon people in southern Benin. As our understanding of world music pedagogy continues to evolve, more practicing music educators should share their unique perspectives and experiences. These “snapshots” from the field can help other (perhaps more hesitant) music educators envision what this pedagogical approach might look like in their own classrooms.
Utilizing an Autoethnographic Case Study Approach to Explore Patient-Centered Care and Its Principles in an Oncology and Palliative Care Setting
Authors: Condon Anke , Johns Lise , Chester Polly
Published: October 2018

In this article, an autoethnographic case study approach is used to explore the first author’s experience with both oncology and palliative care services. Connections are made to the literature, with a specific focus on the eight patient-centered principles and the benefits of adherence to these principles in a health context. When health professionals do not address treatment from this perspective, consequences for the patient can be negative. The aim of this article is to use the first author’s lived experience to explore the pertinence of maintaining the patient’s centrality in care planning. It is also argued that patient-centered care is the rhetoric within contemporary funding models rather than the reality of practice. Henceforth, recommendations for health-care professionals are also provided. Each of the eight principles is discussed in accordance with the first author’s perspective, as she lives each day with advanced cancer which will ultimately claim her life.
How Do Sanctions Affect Incumbent Electoral Performance?
Authors: Park Brandon Beomseob
Published: October 2018

How do sanctions affect incumbent electoral performance during elections? Although existing literature suggests that sanctions may shorten or prolong incumbent tenure, we are less informed about their role in incumbent electoral fortunes. This research argues that sanctions hurt incumbents’ vote shares because citizens are more likely to hold their elected officials accountable for sanction-induced economic hardships and political instabilities. It also argues that the electoral punishment is pronounced in less democratic countries because sanctions, together with elections, significantly limit dictator’s co-optation strategy and open a greater window of opportunity for once repressed opposition groups in a repressive regime. Using 381 multiparty elections in seventy-nine countries between 1972 and 2012, this research finds that sanctions deteriorate the incumbent electoral performance, and they do so for autocratic leaders more than the democratic leaders. This study has important implications about the potential accountability in autocracies, the timing of sanctions imposition, the role of oppositions’ mobilization, and broadly speaking, the role of sanctions in democratization.
If You Would Not Criminalize Poverty, Do Not Medicalize It
Authors: Sage William M. , Laurin Jennifer E.
Published: October 2018

American society tends to medicalize or criminalize social problems. Criminal justice reformers have made arguments for a positive role in the relief of poverty that are similar to those aired in healthcare today. The consequences of criminalizing poverty caution against its continued medicalization.
The Role of Community Health Needs Assessments in Medicalizing Poverty
Authors: Caffrey Arden , Pointer Carolyn , Steward David , Vohra Sameer
Published: October 2018

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), passed in 2010, is considered by many to be the most significant healthcare overhaul since the 1960s, but part of its promise — improvement of population health through requirements for non-profit hospitals to provide “community benefit” — has not been met. This paper examines the history of community benefit legislation, how community benefit dollars are allocated, and innovative practices by a few hospitals and communities that are addressing primarily non-medical factors that influence health such as social disadvantage, attitudes, beliefs, risk exposure, and social inequalities.
The Medicalization of Poverty in the Lives of Low-Income Black Mothers and Children
Authors: Mendenhall Ruby
Published: October 2018

Scholars are beginning to use the concept medicalization of poverty to theorize how the United States spends large amounts of money on illnesses related to poverty but invests much less in preventing these illnesses and the conditions that create them (e.g., economic insecurity, housing instability, continuous exposure to violence, and racism). This study examines the connection between poverty, disease burden and health-related costs through the in-depth interviews of 86 Black mothers living in neighborhoods with high levels of violence on the South Side of Chicago. The rippling costs of poverty and violence include 56 percent of the mothers reporting post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and 48 percent reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms. Mothers also report poor housing quality such as “toxic mold.” The physical costs include reports of back pains, stomach aches, hair falling out, panic attacks, hands shaking, insomnia (sometimes for two days), fainting from exhaustion and lack of sexual desire, and children with asthma and osteomyelitis reportedly from the exposure to mold. Transformative solutions are explored that build upon the cultural resources of Black mothers (e.g., women-centered networks, spirituality and collective-cooperatives) and engage policy levers (e.g., Earned Income Tax Credit and Tax Increment Financing).
Sexual Sadism Among Sex Offenders in Switzerland
Authors: Gonçalves Leonel C. , Rossegger Astrid , Gerth Juliane , Singh Jay P. , Endrass Jérôme
Published: October 2018

The Sexual Sadism Scale (SeSaS) was developed to assist in the diagnosis of sexual sadism, and it revealed adequate psychometric properties in prior research. This study cross validated the SeSaS in Switzerland using a sample of 179 male sex offenders. Specifically, the SeSaS conformed to a Mokken model of double monotonicity (scalability coefficient [ H] = .46, coefficient of reproducibility [CR] = .89), indicating that it measures a unidimensional construct of sexual sadism with hierarchically ordered items. The reliability of the scale was acceptable to high (ρ = .80, λ2 = .75, κ = .88). In addition, the SeSaS was strongly associated with sexual sadism diagnoses based on mental health manuals ( rpb = .60, odds ratio [OR] = 13.02, area under the curve [AUC] = 1) but not with recidivism. The results suggest that the use of the SeSaS may improve the validity and reliability of sexual sadism diagnoses, therefore playing a role in the assessment and management of sex offenders.
Spectrum of Changes Seen With Placental Intravascular Organisms
Authors: Schubert Pawel T , Mason Deidre , Martines Roosacelis , Deleon-Carnes Marlene , Zaki Sherif R , Roberts Drucilla J
Published: October 2018

Fetal bacterial infections are a common cause of fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. The pathologic correlates of congenital bacterial infection include acute chorioamnionitis, acute villitis, and acute intervillositis. The strength of the association of congenital bacterial infection differs among these pathologies. Acute chorioamnionitis results usually from an ascending infection, and damage to the fetus is thought to be cytokine driven rather than damage secondary to bacteremia. Acute villitis is strongly associated with fetal sepsis due to congenital infections. A much less common variant on acute villitis pattern has been described with additional presence of bacteria in the fetal capillaries of the chorionic villi. We describe the spectrum of bacteria that would induce this unique pattern. The histological archives were searched from 2 institutions for cases with intravascular bacteria present in the villous capillaries of the placenta. Thirteen cases were identified, of which 11 cases had acute chorioamnionitis and all cases showed an acute villitis. Eight cases had Escherichia coli identified and 3 cases had Group B Streptococcus. All cases were associated with fetal death. In 9 cases, the mother showed signs of a significant infection including 1 maternal death. We conclude that finding intravascular bacteria is a serious complication of congenital infection with serious fetal and maternal sequela.
Primary Nonanaplastic Peripheral Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma in Pediatric Patients—An Unusual Distribution Pattern of Subtypes
Authors: Wilberger Adam C , Liang Xiayuan
Published: October 2018

Peripheral NK/T-cell lymphoma (PNKTCL) represents a group of uncommon diagnoses for children in Western countries, and studies have often necessitated multiple institutions to assemble enough cases. We retrospectively analyzed 11 cases of nonanaplastic PNKTCL in children over 19 years at our institution with comparison to several published large multi-institutional studies. Patients included 9 males and 2 females of white (5), Native American (3), and Hispanic (3) background with 6 cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (EN-NKTL, 54.6%), 3 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS, 27.2%), and 2 cases of systemic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–positive T-cell lymphoma of childhood (18.2%). Compared to the literature, our institution exceeded in frequency of total nonanaplastic PNKTCL (4.8% vs 0.9%–1.6%) with lesser relative incidence of PTCL-NOS (27.2% vs 42.9%–66.7%) and greater relative incidence of EN-NKTL (54.6% of cases vs 12.5%–47.6%), which significantly exceeded the literature’s rate for Western institutions (13.5%). Potential influencing factors include population structure approximating those of non-Western countries with high EN-NKTL prevalence and the predisposition for EBV infection in this demography. These data suggest an uneven distribution of nonanaplastic PNKTCL in Western countries, and differential diagnoses may differ depending on practice location and associated patient population.
Young People, Alcohol and Norms: Italian Young People’s Opinions and Attitudes towards Alcohol Regulation
Authors: Beccaria Franca , Molinengo Giorgia , Prina Franco , Rolando Sara
Published: October 2018

The study examines Italian young people’s opinions and attitudes towards alcohol policies in order to shed light on the potential challenges to the introduction of more restrictive policies.

A mixed methods research design was employed. A CAWI survey and online forum targeted 15–25 year olds, resulting in 1,816 valid responses to the online questionnaires and 86 blog comments; focus groups were conducted with two different groups, aged 15–17 and 23–25, including 31 participants.

The study indicated that young people are rather well informed about the law, and have generally positive opinions about alcohol-related regulation. Nevertheless, opinions and behaviours do not always match. Findings are consistent with more general reflections about the gap between attitudes and behaviours. A large majority of respondents express negative opinions about more restrictive alcohol availability norms.

The study shows the lack of enforcement of current laws and the consequences of that on young people’s attitudes towards the law.
Use of intraosseous hypertonic saline in critically ill patients
Authors: Farrokh Salia , Cho Sung-Min , Lefebvre Austen T , Zink Elizabeth K , Schiavi Adam , Puttgen Hans A
Published: October 2018

Background:

Rapid administration of hypertonic saline 23.4% is crucial in treatment of herniation syndromes. Hypertonic 23.4% saline must be administered via a central line. In cases where central line access is difficult to obtain and leads to delay in therapy, placement of intraosseous access can be lifesaving.

Main body:

The purpose of this case series is to describe the use of intraosseous administration of 23.4% saline in critically ill patients and to assess feasibility.

Conclusion:

Intraosseous administration of 23.4% saline in 6 adult patients with neurological emergencies was feasible and should be considered in cases where obtaining intravenous access is time consuming.
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Triggered by Antecedent Influenza Vaccine and Respiratory Tract Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Sandre Matthew K. , Poenaru Sonia M. , Boggild Andrea K.
Published: October 2018

We present a patient with new-onset erythema nodosum leprosum months after successful treatment of her mid-borderline leprosy, which was likely triggered by a combination of antecedent influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infection.
Insights into microbiome research 3: Who’s there versus what are they doing?
Authors: Baranzini Sergio E
Published: October 2018

The main two questions that large microbiome studies typically address are “who’s there?” and “what are they doing?” The first question aims at screening what kind of organisms are present, and it provides a low-resolution, relative composition of the microbiome. The second question focuses on precisely characterizing microbial communities by sequencing their entire genome on and providing insights into their metabolic capabilities. While DNA sequencing has become relatively affordable, differences in cost still exist between targeted and shotgun approaches, thus making these strategies quite complementary and commonly used.
Main and interactive effects of diabetes distress and stress from life events on overall psychological distress
Authors: Westley Kiersten V , August Kristin J , Alger Madeliene R , Markey Charlotte H
Published: October 2018

This study sought to extend previous research by examining rates of three different types of diabetes distress and whether stress from life events amplified the association between diabetes distress and overall psychological distress in a community-based sample of 119 middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes. Consistent with past research, individuals experienced a moderate level of diabetes distress. However, only some types of diabetes distress were associated with depressive symptoms, independent of stressful life events, whereas all types of diabetes distress were only related to anxious symptoms when stress from life events was also high.
Ironic humor on social media as participatory boundary work
Authors: Gal Noam
Published: October 2018

This article explores the use of irony for boundary work in social media. It suggests that the combination of the polysemy inherent to ironic humor and new decontextualized digital environments entails greater potential for misinterpretation, thus turning humorous interactions into segregating tools. Using the case of left-wing mockery of a far-right-wing group in Israel, I trace the ways in which online irony serves as a means for social consolidation and differentiation. Findings indicate that the combination of medium (Facebook), keying (ironic humor), and content (social divides) works to empower one group and marginalize the other, potentially deepening existing social gaps. In addition, I show how this triangle leads to the construction of a new overarching social division between intellect (associated with left-wingers) and physicality (associated with right-wingers). Finally, I discuss the implications of social divides for our understanding of relations between irony and power structures in digital environments.
Affect and authority in immigration detention
Authors: Bosworth Mary
Published: October 2018

Drawing on a long-term research project across a number of British Immigration Removal Centres (IRCs), this article considers the relationship between authority and affect. In contrast to much criminological literature on the prison, which advances a liberal political account in which power is constantly negotiated and based on mutual recognition, in detention, this article suggests, staff authority rests on an abrogation of their self rather than engagement with the other. Officers turn away (deny) and switch off (emotionally withdraw) from those before them in order to do their job. In these terms, we bear witness to the affective nature of wielding power at the border. Operating without a clear basis of moral legitimacy, officer testimonies make clear, is painful and corrosive, for staff and for detainees. It may work, in other words, but at what cost?
Morphology and typology of China correspondents: A habitus-based approach
Authors: Zeng Yuan
Published: October 2018

Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory and his key construct of habitus, this study examines the primary and secondary habitus of China correspondents, and proposes a habitus-based typology of foreign correspondents. Theoretically, this article attempts to advance the construct of habitus as a conceptual framework for journalism and media studies. Empirically, based on a survey analysis of 101 journalists and in-depth interviews with 20 journalists, this article maps out the primary and secondary habitus of China correspondents, and further analyzes how different habitus lands China correspondents into a typology of four: Spiralists, Sporadics, Sinophiles, and Sinojournos. These different positions, as the article argues, shape different strategies and practices of China correspondents – either to maintain or to challenge the existing power structure in the field of China correspondence. The implications of these results are discussed.
A qualitative study of the shared experience of humour between people living with dementia and their partners
Authors: Hickman Helen , Clarke Chris , Wolverson Emma
Published: October 2018

Humour is a complex social and emotional experience which could constitute a positive resource for people endeavouring to live well with dementia. However, little is currently known about the shared use and value of humour in dyads where one person has dementia. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore how people with dementia and their care-partners experience, use and draw meaning from humour in relation to their shared experiences of dementia and their ongoing relationships. Ten participant dyads (the person with dementia and their spousal partner) took part in joint semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis revealed eight subthemes that were subsumed under three super-ordinate themes: ‘Humour Has Always Been There (and Always Will Be)’; ‘Withstanding Dementia’ and ‘Renewing the Value of Humour in Dementia’. Overall, the findings suggest that humour, in different forms, can represent a salient and enduring relationship strength that helps dyads maintain well-being and couplehood by providing a buffer against stressors associated with dementia. The findings highlight the potential value of integrating a dyadic perspective with strengths-based approaches in future research into how people live well with dementia.
Convolutional neural network for gear fault diagnosis based on signal segmentation approach
Authors: Kim Seokgoo , Choi Joo-Ho
Published: October 2018

In the gear fault diagnostics, conventional methods have largely depended on the complicated signal processing and feature extraction skills, which are often cumbersome for engineers to implement easily. Recently, the convolutional neural networks, which is a kind of deep learning techniques, have found increased success in this field by taking advantage of minimal engagement of signal processing and automated features extraction for the fault diagnosis. In the previous studies, however, the accuracy of the method was often assessed by means of cross-validation from the data sets at the same faulted tooth, which may not be the case in the real gear, since the fault may appear at different teeth from the training. This article proposes a convolutional neural network method based on the signal segmentation to solve this problem, which is to divide the original signal into those at each tooth of the gear. The effectiveness of the method is validated by the data made from the gearbox test rig, in which the vibration and transmission errors are measured, respectively. The training and test data sets are prepared at different fault locations. The performances of the convolutional neural network with signal segmentation are compared and discussed with those by the ordinary convolutional neural network without segmentation. As a whole, the results with the signal segmentation suggest that the fault can be successfully identified even when the fault location in the test is different from that of the training, which provides great feasibility toward the real applications.
Effect of 12-month intervention with low-dose atorvastatin on pulse wave velocity in subjects with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia
Authors: Grigoropoulou Pinelopi , Tentolouris Anastasios , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Tsilingiris Dimitrios , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Sykara Maria , Tentolouris Nikolaos
Published: October 2018

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increased aortic stiffness, assessed with the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Statins reduce effectively cardiovascular disease and mortality in high-risk patients. The aim of this prospective non-randomized, observational study was to examine the impact of treatment with either 10 mg atorvastatin plus diet or diet alone on carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. A total of 79 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia were included; 46 subjects were treated with atorvastatin 10 mg daily plus diet and 33 were managed by diet alone for 12 months. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid–radial pulse wave velocity were measured using applanation tonometry. In the atorvastatin-treated group, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity reduced significantly during the study and there was a trend for reduction in the carotid–radial pulse wave velocity. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and C-reactive protein were reduced only in the atorvastatin-treated participants. No significant changes were found in body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes control and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in either study group. Treatment with low-dose atorvastatin for 12 months improves carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia.
The downregulation of WWOX induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition and enhances stemness and chemoresistance in breast cancer
Authors: Li Juan , Liu Jie , Li Pingping , Zhou Can , Liu Peijun
Published: October 2018

WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), an important tumor suppressor, is essential for regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that low level of WWOX is associated with the triple-negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC), which has higher stem cell phenotype and chemoresistance. We evaluated the role of WWOX in regulation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) phenotype and chemoresistance. Our results showed that knockdown of WWOX increases the stemness of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, downregulation of WWOX induces the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance of breast cancer cell lines. Our findings revealed the role of the WWOX in the regulation of the BCSC population and chemotherapeutic sensitivity and may provide insights for the development of more effective therapies targeting cancer stem cells in breast cancer.
Adaptive Cueing Treatment of Neglect in Stroke Patients Leads to Improvements in Activities of Daily Living: A Randomized Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: Turgut Nergiz , Möller Lisa , Dengler Kerstin , Steinberg Katrin , Sprenger Andreas , Eling Paul , Kastrup Andreas , Hildebrandt Helmut
Published: October 2018

Background. Visuospatial neglect is a disabling syndrome with serious consequences for activities in daily life. This study investigated the effect of adaptive cueing during a reading task as a possible treatment for neglect by including (1) a task relevant for the patient’s daily life, (2) a fading out procedure to stimulate independent orientation to the left by self-cueing, and (3) a clear definition of neglect severity for the adaptive treatment protocol. Methods. A randomized controlled crossover design was used, including 26 patients from an early rehabilitation unit with left-sided visuospatial neglect after stroke or hemorrhage. They were examined twice at baseline (T1, T2), after 15 daily sessions in 1 condition (T3), and again after 15 daily sessions in the other condition (T4). The intervention condition included a daily reading task combined with endogenous and exogenous cues provided by a therapist, which were continuously reduced after a patient had reached a defined level of performance. The control condition consisted of a neuropsychological treatment of the same length, not targeting visuospatial attention. Results. Significant improvements were shown after intervention on scores for reading (word and text reading), daily life activities (Catherine Bergego Scale), Line Bisection, and the Clock Drawing Task. Conclusion. This study shows that adaptive cueing in a reading task can improve neglect symptoms by using an intensive intervention lasting 3 weeks.
“The Social Side Is as Important as the Physical Side”: Older Men’s Experiences of Physical Activity
Authors: Sims-Gould Joanie , Ahn Rei , Li Neville , Ottoni Callista Anne , Mackey Dawn C. , McKay Heather Anne
Published: October 2018

North American “hegemonic masculinity” values strength, autonomy, independence, and resilience among its ideals. As men age, their capacity is increasingly challenged and demands that they adapt to new physical and social realities. Although some reports on effective health-promoting programs for men are emerging, there is a need to better understand older men’s experiences with their mobility and physical activity. This is a photovoice study with men ( N = 14) who were enrolled in a choice-based activity program for low active men. Based on in-depth interviews and analysis of over 800 photographs, three key themes emerged: the importance of social connectedness, supportive environments, and positive attitude toward the future. Findings are presented via a theoretical view of masculinities as socially constructed through relational behaviors and norms. Analyses provide insight into older men’s motivation to be physically active and highlight the need for programs and policies customized to promote physical activity of older men.
Building and using dynamic risk-informed diagnosis procedures for complex system accidents
Authors: Groth Katrina M , Denman Matthew R , Darling Michael C , Jones Thomas B , Luger George F
Published: October 2018

Accidents pose unique challenges for operating crews in complex systems such as nuclear power plants, presenting limitations in plant status information and lack of detailed monitoring, diagnosis, and response planning support. Advances in severe accident simulation and dynamic probabilistic risk assessment provide an opportunity to garner detailed insight into accident scenarios. In this article, we demonstrate how to build and use a framework which leverages dynamic probabilistic risk assessment, simulation, and dynamic Bayesian networks to provide real-time monitoring and diagnostic support for severe accidents in a nuclear power plant. We use general purpose modeling technology, the dynamic Bayesian network, and adapt it for risk management of complex engineering systems. This article presents a prototype model for monitoring and diagnosing system states associated with loss of flow and transient overpower accidents in a generic sodium fast reactor. We discuss using this framework to create a risk-informed accident management framework called Safely Managing Accidental Reactor Transients procedures. This represents a new application of risk assessment, expanding probabilistic risk assessment techniques beyond static decision support into dynamic, real-time models which support accident diagnosis and management.
Mechanical Noise Improves the Vibration Perception Threshold of the Foot in People With Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Zwaferink Jennefer B. J. , Hijmans Juha M. , Schrijver Claudia M. , Schrijver Laura K. , Postema Klaas , van Netten Jaap J.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Mechanical noise may improve somatosensation at the dorsal side of the foot, but the effect at the plantar side of the foot, the side most at risk for foot ulceration, is unknown. Moreover, techniques used in research so far have several problems that limit applicability in daily practice. Piezoelectric actuators may provide mechanical noise with better clinical applicability. We assessed the effects of piezoelectric actuators generating mechanical noise on the vibration perception threshold (VPT) at the plantar side of the foot in people with diabetic neuropathy.

Methods:

Double-blind within-subjects design in a controlled laboratory setting including participants with diabetic neuropathy (N = 40; 18 male; mean age 69.6 years; mean duration of diabetes 14.1 years; mean BMI 30.5). VPT was measured at three plantar foot locations with and without mechanical noise applied via piezoelectric actuators.

Results:

Mechanical noise improved VPT at metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) 1 (left 39.3V vs 43.5V; right 39.0 vs 42.6 V), MTP5 (left 37.5V vs 41.7V; right 34.5V vs 40.8V) and the heel (left 40.0V vs 44.0V; right 39.3V vs 41.0V), all P < .001.

Conclusions:

Mechanical noise improves VPT at the plantar side of the foot in people with diabetic neuropathy. This is an important step for further development of insoles using mechanical noise that may have the potential to improve VPT and decrease the risk of foot ulceration.