bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programmable time-multiplexed squeezed light source
Authors: Tomoda Hiroko , Yoshida Takato , Kashiwazaki Takahiro , Umeki Takeshi , Enomoto Yutaro , Takeda Shuntaro
Published: November 2022

One of the leading approaches to large-scale quantum information processing (QIP) is the continuous-variable (CV) scheme based on time multiplexing (TM). As a fundamental building block for this approach, quantum light sources to sequentially produce time-multiplexed squeezed-light pulses are required; however, conventional CV TM experiments have used fixed light sources that can only output the squeezed pulses with the same squeezing levels and phases. We here demonstrate a programmable time-multiplexed squeezed light source that can generate sequential squeezed pulses with various squeezing levels and phases at a time interval below 100 ns. The generation pattern can be arbitrarily chosen by software without changing its hardware configuration. This is enabled by using a waveguide optical parametric amplifier and modulating its continuous pump light. Our light source will implement various large-scale CV QIP tasks.
Y-Z cut lithium niobate longitudinal piezoelectric resonant photoelastic modulator
Authors: Atalar Okan , Yee Steven , Safavi-Naeini Amir H. , Arbabian Amin
Published: November 2022

The capability to modulate the intensity of an optical beam has scientific and practical significance. In this work, we demonstrate Y-Z cut lithium niobate acousto-optic modulators with record-high modulation efficiency, requiring only 1.5 W/cm2 for 100% modulation at 7 MHz. These modulators use a simple fabrication process; coating the top and bottom surfaces of a thin lithium niobate wafer with transparent electrodes. The fundamental shear acoustic mode of the wafer is excited through the transparent electrodes by applying voltage with frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of this mode, confining an acoustic standing wave to the electrode region. Polarization of light propagating through this region is modulated at the applied frequency. Polarization modulation is converted to intensity modulation by placing the modulator between polarizers. To showcase an important application space for this modulator, we integrate it with a standard image sensor and demonstrate 4 megapixel time-of-flight imaging.
SGAT: Shuffle and graph attention based Siamese networks for visual tracking
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Limin , Zhang Wenshuang , Wang Yuanyun , Deng Chengzhi
Published: November 2022

Siamese-based trackers have achieved excellent performance and attracted extensive attention, which regard the tracking task as a similarity learning between the target template and search regions. However, most Siamese-based trackers do not effectively exploit correlations of the spatial and channel-wise information to represent targets. Meanwhile, the cross-correlation is a linear matching method and neglects the structured and part-level information. In this paper, we propose a novel tracking algorithm for feature extraction of target templates and search region images. Based on convolutional neural networks and shuffle attention, the tracking algorithm computes the similarity between the template and a search region through a graph attention matching. The proposed tracking algorithm exploits the correlations between the spatial and channel-wise information to highlight the target region. Moreover, the graph matching can greatly alleviate the influences of appearance variations such as partial occlusions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm achieves excellent tracking results on multiple challenging benchmarks. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed tracking algorithm achieves excellent tracking performance.
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients in Estonia: Nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Tisler Anna , Stirrup Oliver , Pisarev Heti , Kalda Ruth , Meister Tatjana , Suija Kadri , Kolde Raivo , Piirsoo Marko , Uusküla Anneli
Published: November 2022

Background

Post-acute COVID-19 sequelae refers to a variety of health complications involving different organ systems that have been described among individuals after acute phase of illness. Data from unselected population groups with long-time follow up is needed to comprehensively describe the full spectrum of post-acute COVID-19 complications.

Methods

In this retrospective nationwide cohort study, we used data obtained from electronic health record database. Our primary cohort were adults hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 and matched (age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index) unaffected controls from general population. Individuals included from February 2020 until March 2021 were followed up for 12 months. We estimated risks of all-cause mortality, readmission and incidence of 16 clinical sequelae after acute COVID-19 phase. Using a frailty Cox model, we compared incidences of outcomes in two cohorts.

Results

The cohort comprised 3949 patients older than 18 years who were alive 30 days after COVID-19 hospital admission and 15511 controls. Among cases 40.3% developed at least one incident clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was two times higher than in general population group. We report substantially higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.57 (95%CI 2.23–2.96) and hospital readmission aHR = 1.73 (95%CI 1.58–1.90) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We found that the risks for new clinical sequalae were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than their controls, especially for dementia aHR = 4.50 (95% CI 2.35–8.64), chronic lower respiratory disease aHR = 4.39 (95% CI 3.09–6.22), liver disease aHR 4.20 (95% CI 2.01–8.77) and other (than ischemic) forms of heart diseases aHR = 3.39 (95%CI 2.58–4.44).

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence that the post-acute COVID-19 morbidity within the first year after COVID-19 hospitalization is substantial. Risks of all-cause mortality, hospitalisation and majority of clinical sequelae were significantly higher in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in general population controls and warrant targeted prevention efforts.
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance with environmental surface sampling in public areas
Authors: Mihajlovski Kristina , Buttner Mark P. , Cruz Patricia , Labus Brian , St. Pierre Schneider Barbara , Detrick Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Contaminated surfaces are one of the ways that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be transmitted. SARS-CoV-2 can be detected on environmental surfaces; however, few environmental sampling studies have been conducted in nonclinical settings. The objective of this study was to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA on environmental surfaces in public areas in Las Vegas, Nevada. In total, 300 surface samples were collected from high-touch surfaces from high-congregate public locations and from a public health facility (PHF) that was visited by COVID-19 patients. Environmental samples were analyzed with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using SARS-CoV-2 specific primers and probes for three target genes. Results showed that 31 out of 300 (10.3%) surface samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 24 at the PHF and 7 in high-congregate public locations. Concentrations ranged from 102 to 106 viral particles per 3 ml sample on a wide variety of materials. The data also showed that the N gene assay had greater sensitivity compared to the S and ORF gene assays. Besides frequently touched surfaces, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in restrooms, on floors and surfaces in contact with floors, as well as in a mop water sample. The results of this study describe the extent and distribution of environmental SARS-CoV-2 contamination in public areas in Las Vegas, Nevada. A method using the N gene PCR assay was developed for SARS-CoV-2 environmental monitoring in public areas. Environmental monitoring with this method can determine the specific sites of surface contamination in the community and may be beneficial for prevention of COVID-19 indirect transmission, and evaluation and improvement of infection control practices in public areas, public health facilities, universities, and businesses.
Twining’s Tower and the Challenges of Making Law a Humanistic Discipline
Authors: Sugarman David
Published: November 2022

This article provides a survey of the life and scholarship of William Twining, focusing largely on his contribution to the broadening of legal education and scholarship. Part I reviews his background, personality and education, then explores the significance of Africa and his anti-colonialism, the inspiration of American legal realism, his teaching in Africa, Belfast, Warwick and UCL, his law reform efforts and his scholarly output. Part II examines his intellectual hallmarks and his struggle to recast law as a humanistic discipline. Part III considers the current efficacy of the notion of law as a humanistic discipline with law schools as purveyors of humanistic education. 

Keywords: William Twining; legal education; legal biography; intellectual history; colonialism; postcolonialism.
Rutland Revisited
Authors: Vaughan Steven
Published: November 2022

This paper explores the multiple and multifaceted relationships between the legal academy and the legal profession in England and Wales. It does so by mirroring the approach of William Twining in his ‘Visit to Rutland’ in Blackstone’s Tower. In drawing on hypothetical happenings in two fictitious law schools and a fictitious law firm, the paper offers commentary on the many points of contact between lawyers and scholars. What is made clear is that these interfaces are often ad hoc and that the legal academy acts as if it needs the profession more than the profession needs it. This may well be the case. What we see then is the modern-day Blackstone’s Tower in the shadow of Cravath’s mansion.

Keywords: legal profession; legal education; Qualifying Law Degree; Solicitors Qualifying Examination; ‘core’ subjects; diversity; Blackstone’s Tower.
Profiles of Contributors to Articles, Review Article and Notes
Authors: Palmer Michael
Published: November 2022

Profiles of Contributors to Articles, Review Article and Notes
Ethical Limits of Pandemic Governance
Authors: Canefe Nergis
Published: November 2022

This article explores the context-bound qualities of the legally sanctified practices of ‘quarantine’ and border closures as it examines the normalized invisibility of populations on the move who have not been ‘protected’ through the use of such standard Covid-19 measures. Inside national borders, isolation and quarantine orders are traditionally issued by states in accordance with the state’s broad powers to protect public health. Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, these orders have been either not applied to or on certain occasions intervened with or suspended when a quarantine was deemed unreasonable or inapplicable with reference to migrants, refugees and displaced people. The article proposes a redefinition of death as ‘death-in-living’ and ‘grievable lives’ as ‘disposable lives’ in order to understand the conundrum concerning the selective application of Covid-19 measures to irregular migrants, refugees, undocumented and non-status peoples and stateless communities. Legal responses to the pandemic continue to have a far greater impact upon populations on the move, displaced communities and refugees in radically unequal ways. The article reveals the ethical limitations of global pandemic governance in terms of how legal and policy-based practices systemically fail and desert certain populations and advances a notion of justice that starts from a deeper understanding of existing injustices.

Keywords: global governance; death-in-living; grievable lives; populations on the move; Covid-19 pandemic; ethical limits of law.
MAPEAMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DE DETALHE - UMA PROPOSTA DE ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O MAPEAMENTO TRADICIONAL E AS NOVAS TÉCNICAS EM GEOPROCESSAMENTO
Authors: Rodrigues Sílvio Carlos , Brito Jorge Luís Silva
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the results of the mixed techniques of traditional

geomorphological cartography, in special an interpretation of stereo pairs and

geoprocessing techniques, using Spring Software. This technique permits a more quickness

in elaboration
RECONHECIMENTO DE PALEOSUPERFICIES E A SUA EVOLUÇÃO INTEMPÉRICA IN SITU DE SAPRÓLITOS ASSOCIADOS A DEPÓSITOS DE COBRE NA REGIÃO DE ITAPEVA, VALE DO RIBEIRA, SP
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Felipe Montanha Brandini , Ribeiro Marli Carina Siqueira
Published: November 2022

Este estudo (ainda preliminar) caracteriza paleosuperficies e seus depósitos de alteração e mostra a sua relação com os depósitos de cobre e ferro. A partir de estudos geomorfológicos, geológicos e químicos. Foram reconhecidas duas paleosuperficies, a primeira mais antiga, sobre rochas calcarias silicatadas formando depósitos de laterita de ferro com traços de cobre. A outra paleosuperficie com a presença de latossolos com grande quantidade de minerais de argila e de concentração supérgena de cobre a nível econômico (crisocola).A área de estudo é a região sul do estado de São Paulo próximo aos municípios de Itapeva e Ribeirão Branco, localizadas no vale do rio Ribeira.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE INDICES DE VEGETAÇÃO PARA OS SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRAFICA
Authors: Marcussi Aline Braga , Bueno Célia Regina Paes , Miqueloni Daniela Popim , Arraes Christiano Luna
Published: November 2022

Os índices de Vegetação (IV) são modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos para avaliar a cobertura vegetal e diagnosticar índice de área foliar, biomassa, porcentagem de cobertura do solo, atividade fotossintética e produtividade; e têm sido utilizados com sucesso para o monitoramento de mudanças na vegetação em escala continental, regional e global. São diversos índices propostos e o mais utilizado é o NDVI (Normalizaed Difference Vegetation Index). Há IVs que possuem o objetivo principal de cancelar o efeito do brilho do solo nos casos em que a vegetação é esparsa: NRVI (Normalized Ratio Vegetation Index); PVI (Perpendicular Vegetation Index); DVI (Difference Vegetation Index); SAVI (Soil Ajusted Vegetation Index); TSAVI (Transformed Soil Ajusted Vegetation Index); MSAVI (Modified Soil Ajusted Vegetation Index); WDVI (Weighted Difference Vegetation Index). Alguns IVs foram criados para correção de efeitos atmosféricos como de aerossóis (fumaça, partículas de poluição do ar, poeira): ARVI (Atmosphere Resistant Vegetation Index); EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index). Os IV associados ao sistema de informação geográfica, auxiliam e agilizam as mais diversas pesquisas, principalmente no monitoramento ambiental.
SUSCEPTIBILIDADE A DESLIZAMENTOS: ESTUDO DE CASO NO BAIRRO SACO GRANDE, FLORIANÓPOLIS - SC
Authors: Dias Fernando Peres , Herrmann Maria Lúcia de Paula
Published: November 2022

The mass wasting on hillslopes is a natural phenomenon, but it can be affected by human activities. In Brazil, one of the areas affected by these problems is the city of Florianópolis - SC. To solve or reduce these problems, local susceptibility studies are an essential issue. The objective of this research work is to analyse the landslide susceptibility in Saco Grande area, a borough of Florianópolis. For that, we tried to associate several physical and social aspects envolved in the deflagration of that phenomenon. A great number of preliminary thematic maps were made, by using aerial photographies, satellite images and field data. With the support of a geographical information system, some of these maps were overlaid, resulting in the elaboration of the Landslide Susceptibility Map.With all those information avaiable, we were able to make a susceptibility analysis of the study area. We find out that the occurance of landslides are strongly related to inappropriate occupation, which is responsable for a great number of rock falls, the most common type of mass wasting in Saco Grande area. We also realized that the middle portions of hillslopes are the most dangerous places and its occupation has to be avoided. Finally, we recomend the implementation of an emergency plan in the Florianópolis city council.
PATRIMONIO INDUSTRIAL, TURISMO CULTURAL Y RUTAS TURÍSTICAS PARA UN DESARROLLO LOCAL SUSTENTABLE
Authors: Fernández Guillermina , Ramos Aldo Guzmán
Published: November 2022

En general el patrimonio es dividido en dos grupos: uno cultural y otro natural. Dentro del primero podemos encontrar, por ejemplo el etnográfico, el arquitectónico, el patrimonio histórico... y el industrial. Este tipo de patrimonio involucra diferentes objetos inmóviles como son las zonas de producción, las viviendas, etc., y objetos como las maquinarias, herramientas, archivos, etc., a esto se agregan los estilos de vida de los obreros, el know how, los procesos productivos, etc. Considerando esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es considerar al patrimonio industrial como un recurso para organizar rutas turísticas que permiten en algunos casos recuperar espacios industriales decadentes o usar establecimientos industriales en funcionamiento pero que pueden participar de este tipo de proyecto turístico. La creación de rutas turísticas puede permitir la reactivación de las economías locales, para constituirse en una nueva actividad económica. En ocasiones estas no necesitan grandes inversiones pero es necesario pensar en que sean atractivas para el turista. Lógicamente es necesario la gestión y organización, donde compartan responsabilidades el sector publico y el sector privado. También es importante un alto grado de participación social. De esta forma se puede, a través de rutas turísticas industriales, generar un desarrollo local y sustentable del turismo.
ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE ASSOREAMENTO EM RESERVATÓRIOS
Authors: Cabral João Batista Pereira
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo apresenta alguns aspectos e critérios indicativos do processo de assoreamento em reservatórios. São discutidos os problemas principais e secundários devido ao depósito de sedimentos, bem como são realizados estudos sedimentológicos necessários, apontando-se os principais métodos de controle preventivo e corretivo da sedimentação no sentido de mitigar os efeitos do assoreamento.
ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA DA FRAGILIDADE POTENCIAL E EMERGENTE DA BACIA DO RIO CUBATÃOZINHO, ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Silveira Claudinei Taborda da , Oka-Fiori Chisato
Published: November 2022

Realizou-se análise empírica da fragilidade ambiental na bacia do rio Cubatãozinho, situada no município de Guaratuba, estado do Paraná, realizando o mapeamento e obtendo as cartas de fragilidade ambiental Potencial e Emergente. O trabalho fundamenta-se no método das unidades ecodinâmicas proposto por TRICART (1977) e na análise empírica da fragilidade ambiental apresentado por ROSS (1990 e 1994). Para obtenção do mapeamento da Fragilidade Potencial foi realizada a correlação entre as informações de declividade das vertentes, erosividade das chuvas e dos solos, parâmetros estes que representam de modo sintético a configuração físico-natural da paisagem, enquanto que para o mapeamento da Fragilidade Emergente foram superpostas as informações resultantes na carta de Fragilidade Potencial com as informações de uso e cobertura do solo. Tais informações foram hierarquizadas em cinco classes fragilidade: muito baixa, baixa, intemediária, alta e muito alta, sendo atribuído valores (pesos) que respectivamente vão de 1 Ã  5. A correlação entre as informações espaciais foi realizada com o uso de processamento computacional, aplicando combinações numéricas e operadores de soma ponderada em matrizes, com uso das técnicas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas - SIG.
PLIN
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Chu Zhaole , Jin Peiquan , Luo Yongping , Xie Xike , Wan Shouhong , Luo Yun , Wu Xufei , Zou Peng , Zheng Chunyang , Wu Guoan , Rudoff Andy
Published: November 2022

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) has emerged as an alternative to next-generation main memories. Although many tree indices have been proposed for NVM, they generally use B+-tree-like structures. To further improve the performance of NVM-aware indices, we consider integrating learned indexes into NVM. The challenges of such an integration are two fold: (1) existing NVM indices rely on small nodes to accelerate insertions with crash consistency, but learned indices use huge nodes to obtain a flat structure. (2) the node structure of learned indices is not NVM friendly, meaning that accessing a learned node will cause multiple NVM block misses. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new persistent learned index called PLIN. The novelty of PLIN lies in four aspects: an NVM-aware data placement strategy, locally unordered and globally ordered leaf nodes, a model copy mechanism, and a hierarchical insertion strategy. In addition, PLIN is proposed for the NVM-only architecture, which can support instant recovery. We also present optimistic concurrency control and fine-grained locking mechanisms to make PLIN scalable to concurrent requests. We conduct experiments on real persistent memory with various workloads and compare PLIN with APEX, PACtree, ROART, TLBtree, and Fast&Fair. The results show that PLIN achieves 2.08x higher insertion performance and 4.42x higher query performance than its competitors on average. Meanwhile, PLIN only needs ~30 μs to recover from a system crash.
SyncSignature
Authors: Karpov Nikolai , Zhang Qin
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces SyncSignature, the first fully parallelizable algorithmic framework for tree similarity joins under edit distance. SyncSignature makes use of implicit-synchronized signature generation schemes, which allow for an efficient and parallelizable candidate-generation procedure via hash join. Our experiments on large real-world datasets show that the proposed algorithms under the SyncSignature framework significantly outperform the state-of-the-art algorithm in the parallel computation environment. For datasets with big trees, they also exceed the state-of-the-art algorithms by a notable margin in the centralized/single-thread computation environment. To complement and guide the experimental study, we also provide a thorough theoretical analysis for all proposed signature generation schemes.
Who Are We, What Can We Do, and What Do We Think? Review on EAP Teacher Development
Authors: Du Jianying , Li Weiping , Li Qiong
Published: November 2022

In this review of the literature regarding English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teacher development, we focus on empirical studies of pedagogical initiatives, research potential, and the cognitive status of practicing EAP instructors. A selection of 107 articles published in the Journal of English for Academic Purposes and English for Specific Purposes between the years 2002 and 2021 was retrieved for our categorized review. Our investigation affirms that research by and about EAP instructors remains an underdeveloped area in the field. We also attempt to point out future directions for teacher-led research with a conceptual understanding of EAP as a research-informed practice as well as practice-motivated research.
Time overruns in the construction projects in Iraq: Case study on investigating and analyzing the root causes
Authors: Al Kulabi Ahmed Kamil , Atiea Huda M. Jawad
Published: November 2022

In the construction industry, time overrun in construction projects has become a global phenomenon. In Iraq, this problem is very considerable where a high percentage of projects are completed behind schedule, causing a large negative impact on society on the one side and the economic impact on the other side of the country. This study aims to define the major factors that cause construction project’s time overrun by studying delay causes of projects and performing a number of interviews with a group of specialists in project construction. Next, a questionnaire is used to obtain responses from 115 participants in the city of Najaf. In addition, agreement analysis is performed to ensure that the arranged rankings by all involved respondents’ categories are not ordered by coincidence, and the Chi-squared test is put to use as well to mark the agreement or disagreement context among the respondent category rankings. The target respondents of the study included: clients, consultants, project managers, contractors, and engineers who have an experience in project management and construction. The findings of the study revealed that the top five most essential factors causing delay in public construction projects are global and local economic crises, bureaucracy and corruption, public holidays, delay in getting governmental permits, and issuing numerous change orders by owners. Moreover, eight components are extracted from the 45 questionnaire items put to use for factor analysis. Among the extracted factors are the inaccuracy of tendering process, technical performance management, and government interferences.
Patterns of motivational beliefs among high-, medium-, and low-achieving English learners in China
Authors: Ma Lihong , Jiao Yuhong , Xiao Leifeng , Liu Qimeng , Liu Jian
Published: November 2022

The correlation between motivational beliefs and foreign language learning has been widely explored. However, there has been little investigation of this link among learners with different foreign language levels. Based on expectancy-value theory (EVT), this research examined the association between motivational beliefs and English achievement of 11,854 Chinese secondary students. Data were collected using students’ self-reported English self-efficacy, intrinsic value, utility value, and English achievement test. The results of ANOVA showed that self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and utility value of high-achieving English learners were significantly higher than that of medium-achieving ones, followed by low-achieving ones. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that after controlling for socioeconomic status and gender, intrinsic value was most correlated with high- and medium-achieving learners’ English achievement, followed by self-efficacy, while utility value was not significantly associated with English achievement of the two groups. In addition, utility value was most strongly related with low-achieving learners’ English achievement, followed by intrinsic value, but self-efficacy was not positively linked with their English achievement. These findings not only extend EVT and validate the situative perspective of motivation research, but also have practical implications for foreign language education.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Collaborative Teamwork Learning (CTL) Berbasis Praktikum pada Mata Kuliah Rias Fantasi untuk Meningkatkan Softskill Mahasiswa
Authors: Daniati Sofia , Saputri Nurulisma , Gatrimananda Zeptyeranosa
Published: November 2022

Perguruan tinggi tentu memiliki keinginan untuk menghasilkan lulusan berkualitas, kompeten serta dapat diterima di dunia kerja yang dapat terwujud  jika perguruan tinggi mementingkan kompetensi hard skill dan soft skill. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model CTL berbasis praktikum untuk meningkatkan soft skill mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre-experimental designs dengan rancangan one group pre test dan post test design. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan angket yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model CTL. Variabel yang diamati yaitu kemampuan soft skill teamwork mahasiswa. Perbedaan rerata skor soft skill mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model CTL  dihitung menggunakan Uji Paired T-Test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukan bahwa nilai probabilitas (Asymp.Sig) 0.05 maka HO ditolak, artinya terdapat perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model. Hasil nilai uji gain pada indikator forming dan performing indeks gain 0,7 sehingga hasil peningkatan relatif “tinggi”, sedangkan pada indikator  storming dan norming indeks gain 0,07 sehingga hasil peningkatan relatif “sedang”. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa melalui model CTL, mahasiswa dapat mengembangkan kemampuan hard skill dan soft skill sehingga mahasiswa menjadi lulusan yang kompeten, kreatif dan dapat bekerjasama dengan baik pada saat terjun ke dunia kerja.
The 2022 WHO classification of thyroid tumors: novel concepts in nomenclature and grading
Authors: Christofer Juhlin C , Mete Ozgur , Baloch Zubair W
Published: November 2022

The fifth edition of the Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors has been released by the World Health Organization. This timely publication integrates several changes to the nomenclature of non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid diseases, as well as novel concepts that are essential for patient management. The heterogeneous group of non-neoplastic and benign neoplastic lesions are now collectively termed as ‘thyroid follicular nodular disease’ to better reflect the clonal and non-clonal proliferations that clinically present as multinodular goiter. Thyroid neoplasms originating from follicular cells are distinctly divided into benign, low-risk and malignant neoplasms. The new classification scheme stresses that papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) should be subtyped based on histomorphologic features irrespective of tumor size to avoid treating all sub-centimeter/small lesions as low-risk disease. Formerly known as the cribriform-morular variant of PTC is redefined as cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma since this tumor is now considered a distinct malignant thyroid neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. The ‘differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma’ is a new diagnostic category including PTCs, follicular thyroid carcinomas and oncocytic carcinomas with high-grade features associated with poorer prognosis similar to the traditionally defined poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma as per Turin criteria. In addition, squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is now considered a morphologic pattern/subtype of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In this review, we will highlight the key changes in the newly devised fifth edition of the WHO classification scheme of thyroid tumors with reflections on its applicability in patient management and future directions in this field.
La perspectiva del enfoque diferencial de género en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional Caso Stella Conto Díaz del Castillo
Authors: Garcés Rojas Jairo Leonardo
Published: November 2022

El objeto de la investigación consiste en conocer, en el ámbito jurisdiccional, la protección de las garantías y el reconocimiento de los derechos humanos por parte de los jueces, en que se incluya en sus pronunciamientos un enfoque diferencial de género, con lo que se permite el amparo de una igualdad formal y material; para ello se analizará la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, específicamente la sentencia SU-080 de 2020, la Constitución y el bloque de constitucionalidad,de donde se podrán extractar los criterios que posibiliten identificar los asuntos de enfoque diferencial de género, para soslayar la revictimización de las mujeres; se permite así su intermediación en el acceso a la administración de justicia,ya que por muchos años el sistema patriarcal las ha relegado y las sentencias en la actualidad no satisfacen de manera plena sus demandas.
Aporte de la academia en el acceso a la justicia y la construcción de paz en territorios
Authors: García Herrera Lucy
Published: November 2022

Desde la academia y la práctica jurídica se contribuye al fortalecimiento del Estado social de derecho y del acceso a la justicia para fomentar la construcción de paz, mediante la facilitación de las herramientas que permiten a la ciudadanía ejercer sus derechos y obtener respuestay protección inmediata a sus peticiones. Dentro del marco de los derechos humanos se traduce en recuperación, acceso, devolución, reparación, apoyo, ayuda de los que han sido afectados por el conf licto armado y social. En entornos territoriales se han llevado a cabo proyectos deacceso a la justicia y se han evidenciado las limitantes existentes en cuanto a su efectividad; por lo tanto, a partir de la sistematización de experiencias y resultados obtenidos en los proyectos realizados, se puede hacer una lectura desde el contexto actual y plantear escenarios donde larespuesta del Estado sea más efectiva con acciones jurídicas concretas enmarcadas dentro de las políticas públicas.
La política de educación en derechos humanos en el Estado social
Authors: Andrade Cañón Alexander , Cortés Zambrano Sonia Patricia
Published: November 2022

La situación de conflicto en Colombia, y su realidad social, política, económica y cultural, ha traído consigo graves afectaciones a los derechos humanos, violación a las libertades y garantías de las personas, especialmente de aquellas que se encuentran en condiciones de vulnerabilidad, lo cual exige una comprometida acción de formación en Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario y, por lo tanto, una compleja construcción de una cultura de derechos humanos a todo nivel. La conciencia de esta necesidad abre espacios para estructurar, construir e implementar métodos de enseñanza sobre los cuales se estructuren bases para el cambio de comportamiento social y el cumplimiento de los fines del Estado por medio de sus políticas públicas. En el campo de formación en Derechos Humanos se destaca la introducción de cambios y transformaciones que apunten a la concientización y participación para la construcción permanente de la democracia, la solidaridad y la convivencia pacífica. La presente ref lexión señala las perspectivas sobre la tendencia de promover, ejercer y divulgar los derechos humanos mediante la educación.
Investment Decisions and Their Impact on Job Creation at Energy Sector Enterprises in Poland
Authors: Kolegowicz Konrad , Szymla Wojciech
Published: November 2022

Objective: The main objective of the research was to confirm the existence of a relationship between the investment outlays energy companies make and the number of workers they employ. The existence of this relationship would indicate the presence of a correlation between investment outlays and jobs created.Research Design & Methods: The objects of the research were energy companies operating in Poland divided into size classes (small, medium, large). To confirm the assumed research hypothesis, the rate of change of two quantities – capital expenditures and number of employees – was analysed in equivalent periods and taking into account the delay effect (t+1). The study of the relationship between quantities was done with correlation analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to simultaneously determine the level of interdependence of variables R2 and the Pearson coefficient.Findings: The results confirmed significant variation in the development over time of the two quantities, as well as their mutual relations divided into size classes of enterprises. The correlation analysis showed a low degree of interdependence in small and medium-sized enterprises and a high level in large ones. However, the negative direction of this interdependence in large enterprises was a surprise.Implications / Recommendations: The research results indicate that the high investment intensity in the energy sector results in an increase in the automation of manufacturing activities but does not necessarily involve changes in human resources. However, these relations may be differentiated by enterprise size classes.Contribution: The article contributes to the knowledge base on measures of enterprise development and the relationships between them. It could provide a methodological basis for conducting similar research in other industrial sectors.
Determinants of Employees’ Occupational Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Juchnowicz Marta , Kinowska Hanna
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the determinants of occupational well-being in employees under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic.Research Design & Methods: The paper presents the results of a survey, conducted in January 2021, using the CAWI method, on a representative sample of working Poles (N=1,000). Hierarchical cluster analysis, Ward’s method and one-way ANOVA test were applied in the analysis of the survey results.Findings: The empirical study identified three relatively homogeneous groups of employees depending on factors determining their occupational well-being. For the first group, interesting work and job security were the two most important factors, while work-life balance and good cooperation with the superior were the least important. The second group depends on one factor – job security – for its professional well-being, while it ascribes the least importance to job prestige and development opportunities. The third group also identifies only one factor - interesting work – as being the most important, and job security and job prestige as being the least important.Implications/Recommendations: As a result, two key factors were identified: job security and interesting work. Polish workers fall into three groups: 1) those for whom both of these factors are important, 2) those focused mainly on job security and 3) those who put interesting work above all else.Contribution: The article adds to the knowledge on the determinants of employees' occupational well-being, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are important for the conscious management of employees. They provide practical guidance to help motivate employees in the conditions that characterise work during a pandemic.
A herd immunity to rubella virus in selected geographical regions
Authors: Lavrentieva I. N. , Bichurina M. A. , Antipova A. Yu. , Camara J. , Hoang M. , Bancevic M. D. , Zheleznova N. V. , Egorova S. A. , Totolian A. A.
Published: November 2022

Since 2017, the incidence rate of rubella in the Russian Federation has been below 1 case per million total population. In addition, no circulation of endemic strains of the rubella virus is recorded evidencing about achieving infection elimination phase. In modern conditions, it is important to constantly monitor the level of herd immunity to the rubella virus to identify epidemically significant population groups, especially in countries lacking rubella vaccination or featured with insufficient disease control. Purpose: to study herd immunity to the rubella virus in selected countries in Eurasia and Africa. Materials and methods. Between 2018 and 2021, 15,594 samples of blood sera were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to the rubella virus from subjects of different ages obtained from regional measles and rubella surveillance centers in the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Serbia, South Vietnam, and the Republic of Guinea. The Anti-Rubella Virus ELISA (IgМ) and Anti-Rubella Virus ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun, Germany) test kits were used. Statistical data processing was carried out using the MS Excel, Prizm 5.0 (GraphPad Software Inc.), and Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft Inc.) software package. Results. During the observation period (20182020) the population seroprevalence of the to the rubella virus in the NWFD of the Russian Federation was 96.697.7% and fluctuated slightly both in separate years and among individual age groups evidencing about high coverage of rubella vaccination. In the Republic of Serbia conducting two-fold immunization against rubella the overall seroprevalence rate was lower than in the Russian Federation and comprising 86.8%. The minimum number of IgG-positive sera was recorded in the 24-year-old age group pointing to the shortcomings of routine vaccination. In South Vietnam, children aged 13 years (41.9%) predominated among those recovering from rubella, i.e. the age cohort that should be protected by vaccination at the age of 18 months. No rubella vaccination is carried out in Guinea. The total proportion of seropositive individuals was 75%; herd immunity to the rubella virus was established mainly among children and adolescents, reaching 90% only in the older age group. 30% of unprotected subjects of the most active reproductive age were identified among the females surveyed in Guinea. Conclusion. Insufficient herd immunity to the rubella virus, identified in a number of countries, may contribute to the maintenance of the infectious process and the spread of infection. Globalization contributes to the virus importation into regions being at the stage of measles and rubella elimination. The results obtained suggest about a need to continue efforts aimed at maintaining epidemiological wellbeing regarding rubella in diverse countries of the world.
Cytokine profile in in vitro mouse macrophage culture infected with Bacillus anthracis spores with varying plasmid composition
Authors: Koteneva Elena A. , Tsygankova O. I. , Shcherbakova V. Yu. , Kalinin A. V. , Rodionov I. S. , Serdyukov V. V. , Abramovich A. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: November 2022

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is able to exist both in environmental conditions (soil) and in the macroorganism. The manifestation of pathogenic properties of B. anthracis strains is determined by relevant plasmid composition, because the main toxin and the capsule-related virulence factors are located in bacterial plasmid. Modeling anthrax infection in vitro in macrophage culture might reveal an influence of individual B. anthracis strain characteristics on infection and development of infectious process. The aim of this study was to analyze cytokine level during infection of in vitro macrophage cell cultures with spores of anthrax microbe strains bearing varying plasmid composition. The dependence of the macrophage cell cytokine profile on the plasmid composition of B. anthracis strains was revealed while modeling anthrax infection in vitro. The presence of the toxin-producing plasmid pXO1 in anthrax microbe strains has a powerful stimulating effect on the production of macrophages J774A cell line cytokines. B. anthracis strains lacking the pXO1 plasmid virtually stimulated no production of IL-1, caused very low secretion of IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1, MIP-1, IL-12 (p70) and active G-CSF products. The low cytokine response of macrophage cells infected with monoplasmid strains bearing only the capsule-forming plasmid was due not only to the absence of a binary toxin, but also to disturbed regulation of capsule production associated with the absence of the atxA gene. The capsule, along with lethal and edematous toxins, belongs to the main virulence factors of B. anthracis, but strains lacking the pXO1 virulence plasmid, had its production impaired, because the main regulator of capsule synthesis is the atxA gene localized on the pXO1 plasmid being positively regulated by the acpA and acpB genes, so that strains lacking the toxin-forming plasmid, even in the presence of the encapsulation plasmid, elicit a weak cytokine response in infected cells. Diplasmid strains of B. anthracis, due to produced main virulence factors a two-component toxin and a capsule, enforce macrophages (in the experiment) to actively produce IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1, G-CSF, MIP-1; MIP-1, IL-12 (p70). Strains with moderate virulence and capable of capsulation in air virtually did not differ from highly virulent strains in terms of their effect on in vitro macrophage culture.
Ecological scenario of the plague microbe Yersinia pestis speciation underlying adequate molecular evolutionary model
Authors: Suntsov V. V.
Published: November 2022

It is known that the psychrophilic pseudotuberculosis microbe serotype 1 (Y. pseudotuberculosis 0:1b) causing Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF) an intestinal infection found in a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates inhabiting cold regions in the Northern and Central Asia as well as Far East is direct ancestor of the plague causative agent Yersinia pestis. However, the mechanism of Y. pestis speciation remains poorly elucidated. Numerous Y. pestis phylogenies created by using molecular genetic (MG) technologies are largely contradictory, being not in line with reliable data obtained by natural science approaches (e.g., ecology, epizootology, biogeography, and paleontology), which disagree with current evolutionary doctrine (synthetic theory of evolution). The MG approach provides no definitive answer to the questions of where, when, how, and under what circumstances the species Y. pestis arose. One of the reasons for such situation might be due to inadequacy of using the molecular evolutionary model for Y. pestis phylogenetics. Knowledge of the life cycles for the ancestral pseudotuberculosis and derivative plague microbes as well as related unique environmental features allows to create a reliable ecological model for the plague microbe evolution to be further used for assessing patterns of molecular variability and building proper molecular model that might be accepted for MG-reconstruction of plague microbe history. According to the ecological model, the species Y. pestis was formed in a tritopic manner (almost) simultaneously from FESLF clones (populations) in the three geographical populations of the Mongolian marmot-tarbagan (Marmota sibirica) and the flea Oropsylla silantiewi parasitizing on it. The inducer of speciation was coupled to the last maximum (Sartan) cooling in Central Asia occurred 2215 thousand years ago. Soil cooling and deep freezing resulted in altered behavior of the marmot flea larvae with emergence of facultative hematophagy, which, in turn, led to a unique traumatic (compared to routine alimentary) infection route of sleeping marmots with FESLF and, as a result, a unique way of Y. pestis speciation. The molecular model should predict a Y. pestis peripatric tritope speciation, existing numerous parallelisms in intraspecific variability associated with tritope speciation, and the quantum principle of speciation in the highly variable heterothermic (heteroimmune) stressful marmot-flea (Marmota sibirica Oropsylla silantiewi) host-vector environment involving stress-induced mutagenesis. Such molecular model of evolution may be useful for improving molecular methodology of phylogenetic constructions for a wide range of parasitic microorganisms.
Metabolic biological markers for diagnosing and monitoring the course of tuberculosis
Authors: Korotetskaya M. V. , Rubakova E. I.
Published: November 2022

The international biomedical community has been currently facing a need to find a simple and most accessible type of analysis that helps to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) with the maximum reliability even before the onset of clinical manifestations. Tuberculosis results in more deaths than any other pathogen, second only to pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but the majority of infected people remain asymptomatic. In addition, it is important to develop methods to distinguish various forms of tuberculosis infection course at early stages and to reliably stratify patients into appropriate groups (persons with a rapidly progressing infection, chronic course, latent infection carriers). Immunometabolism investigates a relationship between bioenergetic pathways and specific functions of immune cells that has recently become increasingly important in scientific research. The host anti-mycobacteria immune response in tuberculosis is regulated by a number of metabolic networks that can interact both cooperatively and antagonistically, influencing an outcome of the disease. The balance between inflammatory and immune reactions limits the spread of mycobacteria in vivo and protects from developing tuberculosis. Cytokines are essential for host defense, but if uncontrolled, some mediators may contribute to developing disease and pathology. Differences in plasma levels of metabolites between individuals with advanced infection, LTBI and healthy individuals can be detected long before the onset of the major related clinical signs. Changes in amino acid and cortisol level may be detected as early as 12 months before the onset of the disease and become more prominent at verifying clinical diagnosis. Assessing serum level of certain amino acids and their ratios may be used as additional diagnostic markers of active pulmonary TB. Metabolites, including serum fatty acids, amino acids and lipids may contribute to detecting active TB. Metabolic profiles indicate about increased indolamine 2.3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity, decreased phospholipase activity, increased adenosine metabolite level, and fibrous lesions in active vs. latent infection. TB treatment can be adjusted based on individual patient metabolism and biomarker profiles. Thus, exploring immunometabolism in tuberculosis is necessary for development of new therapeutic strategies.