bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ig nobel marriage vows
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2022

Two geologists at Arizona State University (ASU), AGU member Will Stefanov and Lisa Danielson, celebrated their “Ig Nobel” wedding on October 4. The couple married during a 60‐second ceremony in front of a crowd of 1200, which included many other scientists and four actual Nobel prize winners at this year's offbeat Ig Nobel Prizes ceremony in Sanders Theater on the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The wedding was the culmination of the Ig Nobel ceremony, an annual fete sponsored by the science humor magazine, Annals of Improbable Research (AIR), which honors oddball scientific achievements. Danielson, a doctoral candidate at ASU whose interests include experimental petrology and geochemistry was one of about 20 people who responded to a notice to wed during the Ig Nobel.
New technique maps bioremediation
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2022

Before researchers can effectively harness microbial populations for bioremediation, they first need to understand why some microbes are attracted to specific minerals.

A new tool for studying the feasibility of in situ bioremediation has now been shown to be able to map mineral crystals and bacterial growth on basalt, according to Mary Kauffman, a geo‐microbiologist with the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) in Idaho Falls. Kauffman described her research on December 11 at the 2001 AGU Fall Meeting.
Incidence of subsequent malignancies after total body irradiation-based allogeneic HSCT in children with ALL – long-term follow-up from the prospective ALL-SCT 2003 trial
Authors: Eichinger Anna , Poetschger Ulrike , Glogova Evgenia , Bader Peter , Basu Oliver , Beier Rita , Burkhardt Birgit , Classen Carl-Friedrich , Claviez Alexander , Corbacioglu Selim , Deubzer Hedwig E. , Greil Johann , Gruhn Bernd , Güngör Tayfun , Kafa Kinan , Kühl Jörn-Sven , Lang Peter , Lange Bjoern Soenke , Meisel Roland , Müller Ingo , Sauer Martin G. , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Schulz Ansgar , Stachel Daniel , Strahm Brigitte , Wawer Angela , Peters Christina , Albert Michael H.
Published: September 2022

Total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning is associated with superior leukemia-free survival in children with ALL undergoing HSCT. However, the risk for subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMN) remains a significant concern. We analyzed 705 pediatric patients enrolled in the prospective ALL-SCT-BFM-2003 trial and its subsequent registry. Patients >2 years received conditioning with TBI 12 Gy/etoposide (n = 558) and children ≤2 years of age or with contraindications for TBI received busulfan/cyclophosphamide/etoposide (n = 110). The 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of SMN was 0.02 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.03, respectively. In total, 39 SMN (34 solid tumors, 5 MDS/AML) were diagnosed in 33 patients at a median of 5.8 years (1.7–13.4), exclusively in the TBI group. Of 33 affected patients, 21 (64%) are alive at a median follow-up of 5.1 years (0–9.9) after diagnosis of their first SMN. In univariate analysis, neither age at HSCT, donor type, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, nor CMV constituted a significant risk factor for SMN. The only significant risk factor was TBI versus non-TBI based conditioning. This analysis confirms and quantifies the increased risk of SMN in children with ALL after conditioning with TBI. Future strategies to avoid TBI will need careful tailoring within prospective, controlled studies to prevent unfavorable outcomes.
Polyvinyl chloride degradation by a bacterium isolated from the gut of insect larvae
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Peng Haoran , Yang Dongchen , Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Jinlin , Ju Feng
Published: September 2022

Evidence for microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has previously been reported, but little is known about the degrading strains and enzymes. Here, we isolate a PVC-degrading bacterium from the gut of insect larvae and shed light on the PVC degradation pathway using a multi-omic approach. We show that the larvae of an insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, can survive by feeding on PVC film, and this is associated with enrichment of Enterococcus, Klebsiella and other bacteria in the larva’s gut microbiota. A bacterial strain isolated from the larval intestine (Klebsiella sp. EMBL-1) is able to depolymerize and utilize PVC as sole energy source. We use genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses to identify genes and proteins potentially involved in PVC degradation (e.g., catalase-peroxidase, dehalogenases, enolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and oxygenase), and propose a PVC biodegradation pathway. Furthermore, enzymatic assays using the purified catalase-peroxidase support a role in PVC depolymerization.
A high-performance genetically encoded fluorescent indicator for in vivo cAMP imaging
Authors: Wang Liang , Wu Chunling , Peng Wanling , Zhou Ziliang , Zeng Jianzhi , Li Xuelin , Yang Yini , Yu Shuguang , Zou Ye , Huang Mian , Liu Chang , Chen Yefei , Li Yi , Ti Panpan , Liu Wenfeng , Gao Yufeng , Zheng Wei , Zhong Haining , Gao Shangbang , Lu Zhonghua , Ren Pei-Gen , Ng Ho Leung , He Jie , Chen Shoudeng , Xu Min , Li Yulong , Chu Jun
Published: September 2022

cAMP is a key second messenger that regulates diverse cellular functions including neural plasticity. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular cAMP in intact organisms are largely unknown due to low sensitivity and/or brightness of current genetically encoded fluorescent cAMP indicators. Here, we report the development of the new circularly permuted GFP (cpGFP)-based cAMP indicator G-Flamp1, which exhibits a large fluorescence increase (a maximum ΔF/F0 of 1100% in HEK293T cells), decent brightness, appropriate affinity (a Kd of 2.17 μM) and fast response kinetics (an association and dissociation half-time of 0.20 and 0.087 s, respectively). Furthermore, the crystal structure of the cAMP-bound G-Flamp1 reveals one linker connecting the cAMP-binding domain to cpGFP adopts a distorted β-strand conformation that may serve as a fluorescence modulation switch. We demonstrate that G-Flamp1 enables sensitive monitoring of endogenous cAMP signals in brain regions that are implicated in learning and motor control in living organisms such as fruit flies and mice.
Localized interlayer excitons in MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures without a moiré potential
Authors: Mahdikhanysarvejahany Fateme , Shanks Daniel N. , Klein Matthew , Wang Qian , Koehler Michael R. , Mandrus David G. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Monti Oliver L. A. , LeRoy Brian J. , Schaibley John R.
Published: September 2022

Interlayer excitons (IXs) in MoSe2–WSe2 heterobilayers have generated interest as highly tunable light emitters in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures. Previous reports of spectrally narrow (<1 meV) photoluminescence (PL) emission lines at low temperature have been attributed to IXs localized by the moiré potential between the TMD layers. We show that spectrally narrow IX PL lines are present even when the moiré potential is suppressed by inserting a bilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) spacer between the TMD layers. We compare the doping, electric field, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of IXs in a directly contacted MoSe2–WSe2 region to those in a region separated by bilayer hBN. The doping, electric field, and temperature dependence of the narrow IX lines are similar for both regions, but their excitonic g-factors have opposite signs, indicating that the origin of narrow IX PL is not the moiré potential.
An RNA aptamer that shifts the reduction potential of metabolic cofactors
Authors: Samuelian John S. , Gremminger Thomas J. , Song Zhenwei , Poudyal Raghav R. , Li Jun , Zhou Yuanzhe , Staller Seth A. , Carballo Johan A. , Roychowdhury-Saha Manami , Chen Shi-Jie , Burke Donald H. , Heng Xiao , Baum Dana A.
Published: September 2022

The discovery of ribozymes has inspired exploration of RNA’s potential to serve as primordial catalysts in a hypothesized RNA world. Modern oxidoreductase enzymes employ differential binding between reduced and oxidized forms of redox cofactors to alter cofactor reduction potential and enhance the enzyme’s catalytic capabilities. The utility of differential affinity has been underexplored as a chemical strategy for RNA. Here we show an RNA aptamer that preferentially binds oxidized forms of flavin over reduced forms and markedly shifts flavin reduction potential by −40 mV, similar to shifts for oxidoreductases. Nuclear magnetic resonance structural analysis revealed π–π and donor atom–π interactions between the aptamer and flavin that cause unfavorable contacts with the electron-rich reduced form, suggesting a mechanism by which the local environment of the RNA-binding pocket drives the observed shift in cofactor reduction potential. It seems likely that primordial RNAs could have used similar strategies in RNA world metabolisms.
Isoform-resolved mRNA profiling of ribosome load defines interplay of HIF and mTOR dysregulation in kidney cancer
Authors: Sugimoto Yoichiro , Ratcliffe Peter J.
Published: September 2022

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways orchestrate responses to oxygen and nutrient availability. These pathways are frequently dysregulated in cancer, but their interplay is poorly understood, in part because of difficulties in simultaneous measurement of global and mRNA-specific translation. Here, we describe a workflow for measurement of ribosome load of mRNAs resolved by their transcription start sites (TSSs). Its application to kidney cancer cells reveals extensive translational reprogramming by mTOR, strongly affecting many metabolic enzymes and pathways. By contrast, global effects of HIF on translation are limited, and we do not observe reported translational activation by HIF2A. In contrast, HIF-dependent alterations in TSS usage are associated with robust changes in translational efficiency in a subset of genes. Analyses of the interplay of HIF and mTOR reveal that specific classes of HIF1A and HIF2A transcriptional target gene manifest different sensitivity to mTOR, in a manner that supports combined use of HIF2A and mTOR inhibitors in treatment of kidney cancer.
Visualizing maturation factor extraction from the nascent ribosome by the AAA-ATPase Drg1
Authors: Prattes Michael , Grishkovskaya Irina , Hodirnau Victor-Valentin , Hetzmannseder Christina , Zisser Gertrude , Sailer Carolin , Kargas Vasileios , Loibl Mathias , Gerhalter Magdalena , Kofler Lisa , Warren Alan J. , Stengel Florian , Haselbach David , Bergler Helmut
Published: September 2022

The AAA-ATPase Drg1 is a key factor in eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis that initiates cytoplasmic maturation of the large ribosomal subunit. Drg1 releases the shuttling maturation factor Rlp24 from pre-60S particles shortly after nuclear export, a strict requirement for downstream maturation. The molecular mechanism of release remained elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-EM structures that captured the extraction of Rlp24 from pre-60S particles by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Drg1. These structures reveal that Arx1 and the eukaryote-specific rRNA expansion segment ES27 form a joint docking platform that positions Drg1 for efficient extraction of Rlp24 from the pre-ribosome. The tips of the Drg1 N domains thereby guide the Rlp24 C terminus into the central pore of the Drg1 hexamer, enabling extraction by a hand-over-hand translocation mechanism. Our results uncover substrate recognition and processing by Drg1 step by step and provide a comprehensive mechanistic picture of the conserved modus operandi of AAA-ATPases.
Trizma as an eco-friendly efficient inhibitor for the acidic corrosion of steel: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Abd-El-Nabey B. A. , El-Housseiny S. , Abd-El-Fatah M. A.
Published: September 2022

The inhibition characteristics of Trizma for corrosion of steel in 1 M HCl was investigated using the weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques and the surface techniques XRD,SEM and EDX. The potentiodynamic results indicated that Trizma act as a mixed type inhibitor for steel in 1 M HCl giving efficiently 93.7% percent inhibition for 1 × 10–2 mol/L. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed an increase inRctvalues and decrease in the value ofCdlwith increasing the concentration of Trizma indicating that the presence of Trizma in the solution retards the steel corrosion due to the adsorption of its molecules at the steel/solution interface. The XRD and SEM results indicated that the surface of the steel contains Trizma molecules. The DFT method was investigated to correlate the molecular properties of the studied Trizma with the experimental inhibition efficiency. Langmuir, Flory–Huggins isotherm, and the Kinetic–thermodynamic model were used to fit the corrosion inhibition data of Trizma. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm does not fit with the experimental results due mainly to the non-ideal adsorption of its molecules at the steel/solution interface. However, Flory–Huggins isotherms, and the Kinetic–thermodynamic model are applicable and showed that the adsorption process of Trizma on the steel surface is cooperative (Chemical–Physical).
Diffusion of punishment in collective norm violations
Authors: Keshmirian Anita , Hemmatian Babak , Bahrami Bahador , Deroy Ophelia , Cushman Fiery
Published: September 2022

People assign less punishment to individuals who inflict harm collectively, compared to those who do so alone. We show that this arises from judgments of diminished individual causal responsibility in the collective cases. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 1002) assigned less punishment to individuals involved in collective actions leading to intentional and accidental deaths, but not failed attempts, emphasizing that harmful outcomes, but not malicious intentions, were necessary and sufficient for the diffusion of punishment. Experiments 2.a compared the diffusion of punishment for harmful actions with ‘victimless’ purity violations (e.g., eating a dead human’s flesh as a group; N = 752). In victimless cases, where the question of causal responsibility for harm does not arise, diffusion of collective responsibility was greatly reduced—an outcome replicated in Experiment 2.b (N = 479). Together, the results are consistent with discounting in causal attribution as the underlying mechanism of reduction in proposed punishment for collective harmful actions.
Molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) regulate qualities of tobacco leaves
Authors: Zhai Xu , Zhang Long , Wu Ruofan , Wang Mei , Liu Yanxiang , Lian Jiapan , Munir Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba , Chen Dan , Liu Lei , Yang Xiaoe
Published: September 2022

Soil organic matter (SOM) is of vital importance to soil health, and also plays a crucial role in the quality of the crops such as tobacco. However, the link between tobacco quality and SOM chemical compositions is still not well understood. To fill the information gap, we analyzed the quality of tobacco leaves and the corresponding SOM molecular compositions by electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS), that were collected from six different sites in Bijie, Guizhou Province, China. The tobacco quality variedin six sites based on their chemical compositions. SOM compounds had a remarked impact on the quality of tobacco leaves and a distinct difference in SOM composition between low-quality and high-quality tobacco leaves was observed as well. Specifically, 105 common molecular formulas were detected in three SOM compounds of high-quality tobacco, which were more than those in low-quality samples. Although amino sugar, proteins, lipids, tannins, and carbohydrates had a collective influence on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, the effect contributed by amino sugar and tannins was more prominent. In summary, fully understanding the association between tobacco chemical composition and SOM compounds can provide new insight into the regulation of tobacco quality and the sustainable development of agriculture.
DACBT: deep learning approach for classification of brain tumors using MRI data in IoT healthcare environment
Authors: Haq Amin ul , Li Jian Ping , Khan Shakir , Alshara Mohammed Ali , Alotaibi Reemiah Muneer , Mawuli CobbinahBernard
Published: September 2022

The classification of brain tumors (BT) is significantly essential for the diagnosis of Brian cancer (BC) in IoT-healthcare systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques based on Computer aided diagnostic systems (CADS) are mostly used for the accurate detection of brain cancer. However, due to the inaccuracy of artificial diagnostic systems, medical professionals are not effectively incorporating them into the diagnosis process of Brain Cancer. In this research study, we proposed a robust brain tumor classification method using Deep Learning (DL) techniques to address the lack of accuracy issue in existing artificial diagnosis systems. In the design of the proposed approach, an improved convolution neural network (CNN) is used to classify brain tumors employing brain magnetic resonance (MR) image data. The model classification performance has improved by incorporating data augmentation and transfer learning methods. The results confirmed that the model obtained high accuracy compared to the baseline models. Based on high predictive results we suggest the proposed model for brain cancer diagnosis in IoT-healthcare systems.
Free energy predictions for crystal stability and synthesisability
Authors: Tolborg Kasper , Klarbring Johan , Ganose Alex M. , Walsh Aron
Published: September 2022

Prediction of crystal stability and synthesisability is crucial for accelerated materials design. We discuss modern free energy methods for building more accurate models and data-driven approaches suitable for screening large chemical spaces.
Cd[B2(SO4)4] and H2[B2(SO4)4] – a phyllosilicate-analogous borosulfate and its homeotypic heteropolyacid
Authors: Hämmer Matthias , Pasqualini Leonard C. , Sebastian Sean S. , Huppertz Hubert , Höppe Henning A. , Bruns Jörn
Published: September 2022

The phyllosilicate-analoguous borosulfate H2[B2(SO4)4] and its cadmium salt, Cd[B2(SO4)4], have been synthesizedviavarious paths and analyzed thoroughly. The heteropolyacid is the second structurally determined acid within borosulfate chemistry.
Removal and coalescence of oil droplets in oily wastewater by nanofibrous membrane filtration
Authors: Sang Yimin , Lu Taotao , Wang Shuguang , Han Yanhe , Wang Feiyu , Yu Tao
Published: September 2022

The coalescence of oil droplets in membrane filtration is practically important, however it has not been studied extensively.
Control of eriocitrin release from pH-sensitive gelatin-based microgels to inhibit α-glucosidase: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Sheikhi Mehdi , Miroliaei Mehran
Published: September 2022

The use of eriocitrin-loaded-microgels can be considered as a useful release strategy in treating diabetes mellitus via α-glucosidase inhibition.
Attenuation of allergenicity of roasted cod with Allium spp.: characterization of principal anti-allergenic constituent and action mechanism
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Xiaobing , Cheng Weiwei , Wang Xiaowen , Chen Feng , Cheng Ka-Wing
Published: September 2022

Pretreatment with Allium powders could attenuate allergenicity of roasted cod. Among five Allium spp. evaluated, Chinese chive is the most promising, and mangiferin is identified to be one of its major antiallergenic constituents.
Dietary astaxanthin-rich extract ameliorates atherosclerosis/retinopathy and restructures gut microbiome in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed on a high-fat diet
Authors: Liu Dong , Ji Yanglin , Cheng Qian , Zhu Yamin , Zhang Haibo , Guo Yatu , Cao Xiupeng , Wang Hao
Published: September 2022

Astaxanthin against atherosclerosis/retinopathy are potentially mediated by increasing cholesterol efflux to intestine and at least in part by modulating bile acids and gut microbiota.
A simple solution to the problem of self-assembling cubic diamond crystals
Authors: Rovigatti Lorenzo , Russo John , Romano Flavio , Matthies Michael , Kroc Lukáš , Šulc Petr
Published: September 2022

The self-assembly of colloidal diamond (CD) crystals is considered as one of the most coveted goals of nanotechnology, both from the technological and fundamental points of view.
Angiopep-2-decorated titanium–alloy core–shell magnetic nanoparticles for nanotheranostics and medical imaging
Authors: Thirumurugan Senthilkumar , Dash Pranjyan , Liu Xinrui , Tseng Yuan-Yun , Huang Wei-Jhih , Li Yunqian , Zhao Gang , Lin Chingpo , Murugan Keerthi , Dhawan Udesh , Chung Ren-Jei
Published: September 2022

A theranostic platform comprising of Titanium-alloy core-shell nanoparticles conjugated to Angiopep-2 peptide is designed to target gliomas through magnetic hyperthermia.
Enhancing mechanism of arsenic(iii) adsorption by MnO2-loaded calcined MgFe layered double hydroxide
Authors: Xie Mingqi , Luo Xiangping , Liu Chongmin , You Shaohong , Rad Saeed , He Huijun , Huang Yongxiang , Tu Zhihong
Published: September 2022

Fabrication of materials and the adsorption of arsenic.
Dynamics of fog droplets on a harp wire
Authors: Kowalski Nicholas G. , Boreyko Jonathan B.
Published: September 2022

Fog harps effectively drain small droplets, which prevents clogging and results in more water harvested from fog compared to mesh nets.
Multicomponent and multifunctional integrated miniature soft robots
Authors: Xia Neng , Zhu Guangda , Wang Xin , Dong Yue , Zhang Li
Published: September 2022

The seamless integration of multiple units greatly enhances the functionalities and adaptability of miniature soft robots. This review delivers the recent progress in multicomponent and multifunctional integrated miniature soft robots.
Magnetic vitrimer-based soft robotics
Authors: Dong Gaoweiang , He Qiguang , Cai Shengqiang
Published: September 2022

We have developed a magnetic vitrimer-based soft robot that can pass through a confined space, dramatically change its configuration, self-heal without any contact, catch, secure and release a fast-moving object, and move along a planned path.
Stability of Vestibular Testing in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Patterson Jessie N. , Chen Su , Janky Kristen L.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of rotary chair, video head impulse test (vHIT), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) responses in children with normal hearing (NH) and children with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method:

Retrospective analysis of 66 children (33 males,
M
age
= 11.4 years, range: 3–18 years) seen in a tertiary clinic and/or research laboratory who completed rotary chair, VEMP, and vHIT across two test sessions between 2012 and 2019. The stability of these measures was compared between two groups: children with NH (
n
= 35) and children with CI (
n
= 31). For each outcome, the session difference was calculated by subtracting Session 1 from Session 2.

Results:

For rotary chair (gain and phase) and vHIT (gain), linear mixed-effects models revealed that there were no significant interactions or main effects for group (CI vs. NH), time between session, gender, or age on the session difference, suggesting that the outcomes of these measures are stable across sessions. For cervical and ocular VEMP amplitude, there was a significant interaction between group and time between sessions on the session difference. Specifically, children with NH demonstrated larger amplitudes at Session 2, whereas children with CI demonstrated smaller amplitudes at Session 2. Next, test findings were classified as normal, unilaterally abnormal, or bilaterally abnormal for Sessions 1 and 2. Misclassification was defined as a mismatch of classification between sessions. Rotary chair and vHIT had the fewest misclassifications, whereas cervical VEMPs had the most misclassifications in children with CI and ocular VEMPs had the most misclassifications in children with NH. Misclassifications in children with CI were mostly consistent with progressive vestibular loss, whereas misclassifications in children with NH were mostly consistent with improved vestibular function.

Conclusions:

Stability and misclassification rates varied between tests and groups. Overall, rotary chair and vHIT outcomes were stable in both groups; however, VEMPs differentially changed between groups, improving in children with NH and declining in children with CI. Furthermore, despite relative stability, some children with CI evidenced progressive vestibular loss on all measures suggesting that vestibular testing should be completed serially due to the possibility of progression.
The EDGE-CALIFA survey: The role of spiral arms and bars in driving central molecular gas concentrations
Authors: Yu Si-Yue , Kalinova Veselina , Colombo Dario , Bolatto Alberto D. , Wong Tony , Levy Rebecca C. , Villanueva Vicente , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Ho Luis C. , Vogel Stuart N. , Teuben Peter , Rubio Mónica
Published: September 2022

Shocks and torques produced by non-axisymmetric structures such as spiral arms and bars may transport gas to galaxy central regions. We test this hypothesis by studying the dependence of the concentration of CO luminosity (CCO) and molecular gas (Cmol) and the star formation rate (CSFR) in the central ∼2 kpc on the strength of non-axisymmetric disk structure using a sample of 57 disk galaxies selected from the EDGE-CALIFA survey. TheCmolis calculated using a CO-to-H2conversion factor that decreases with higher metallicity and higher stellar surface density. We find thatCmolis systematically 0.22 dex lower thanCCO. We confirm that highCmoland strong non-axisymmetric disk structure are more common in barred galaxies than in unbarred galaxies. However, we find that spiral arms also increaseCmol. We show that there is a good correlation betweenCmoland the strength of non-axisymmetric structure (which can be due to a bar, spiral arms, or both). This suggests that the stronger the bars and spirals, the more efficient the galaxy is at transporting cold gas to its center. Despite the small subsample size, theCmolof the four Seyferts are not significantly reduced compared to inactive galaxies of similar disk structure, implying that the active galactic nucleus feedback in Seyferts may not notably affect the molecular gas distribution in the central ∼2 kpc. We find thatCSFRtightly correlates withCmolin both unbarred and barred galaxies. Likewise, elevatedCSFRis found in galaxies with strong disk structure. Our results suggest that the disk structure, either spirals or bars, can transport gas to the central regions, with higher inflow rates corresponding to stronger structure, and consequently boost central star formation. Both spirals and bars play, therefore, an essential role in the secular evolution of disk galaxies.
Recent advances in bulk-heterojunction solar cells: a review
Authors: Sharma Ankush , Pathak Dinesh , Sharma Davinder Pal , Nunzi Jean Michel
Published: September 2022

Because of the challenges brought by our continuous reliance on fossil fuels, there has been a rush in the creation of numerous types of solar cells in recent years. The functionality of organic solar cells with a bulk heterojunction structure has substantially increased in recent years. However, further advancements are required for large-scale engineering of this technology and precision device production. The fundamental of BHJ, working mechanism, characteristics, architecture and recent breakthroughs of this technology for solar cells, photocatalytic applications and photodetectors are highlighted in this article. The approaches to advance the stability, including the control over morphology, absorption coefficient, charge carrier mobility and lifetime, exciton lifetime, exciton binding energy and dissociation are also discussed in this article. Lastly, there are recommendations for needed improvements as well as future research areas in the realm of bulk-heterojunction solar cells. We expect this review could provide enriched information to better understand the BHJ structure and recent progress in this field.
Récepteurs nucléaires et rythmes circadiens
Authors: Duez Hélène , Pourcet Benoit
Published: September 2022

L’horloge circadienne programme l’ensemble des processus physiologiques, dont l’activité du système immunitaire, à des moments précis de la journée. Elle permet d’optimiser les fonctions de l’organisme en anticipant les changements quotidiens tels que les cycles jour/nuit. Nos habitudes de vie comme l’exposition à la lumière artificielle ou une prise alimentaire irrégulière désynchronisent cependant cette horloge et provoquent des maladies, par exemple inflammatoires. Au niveau moléculaire, elle consiste en un réseau de facteurs de transcription dont certains sont des récepteurs nucléaires, activables par des ligands. Une meilleure compréhension des rythmes biologiques et du rôle des récepteurs nucléaires de l’horloge circadienne permettrait d’ouvrir un champ thérapeutique nouveau. La chronothérapie qui consiste en l’administration d’un composé pharmacologique au moment de la journée le plus propice, permettrait, en ciblant ces récepteurs, d’optimiser l’efficacité du traitement et d’en réduire les possibles effets secondaires.
Juristische Vorgaben in der physiotherapeutischen Dokumentation
Authors: Alt D. Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Die meisten Unfälle geschehen nicht während der Behandlung, sondern während der Dokumentation. Das Thema „Dokumentation einer therapeutischen Behandlung“ ist zwar auf den ersten Blick nicht sonderlich interessant, birgt aber enorme Fallstricke. Rechtsanwalt D. Benjamin Alt gibt einen umfassenden Überblick, wie Sie sich vor unliebsamen Überraschungen schützen können.
Mit intermittierender pneumatischer Kompression Amputationen abwenden – am Beispiel eines Ulcus hypertonicum (Martorell)
Authors: Kröger Lasse , Dräger Sören , Kahle Birgit
Published: September 2022

In diesem Fall berichten wir von einer Patientin mit Ulcus cruris hypertonicum Martorell,
bei welcher sich in einem mehrjährigen Zeitraum Ulzera sequenziell an beiden Unterschenkeln
entwickelten. Zwei Jahre vor der Vorstellung in unserer Klinik war das initial betroffene Bein
bereits auf Oberschenkelhöhe amputiert worden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Vorstellung zeigte sich am
verbliebenen Bein eine progrediente schmerzhafte Ulzeration. Unter einer, bei der
Arbeitsdiagnose eines Pyoderma gangraenosums, initial begonnenen immunsuppressiven
Dexamethason-Pulstherapie zeigte sich eine deutliche Verschlechterung des Befundes, sodass die
Diagnose revidiert wurde und eine Therapie mit intermittierender pneumatischer Kompression
begonnen wurde. Hierauf zeigte sich eine langsame Abheilung des Ulkus. Der Fall zeigt den
Stellenwert einer adäquaten Behandlung mittels intermittierender pneumatischer Kompression zur
Vermeidung einer Amputation.
Expeditious Synthesis of Fluorescent Bis(phenylfuryl)benzenes
Authors: Koo Sangho , Zhang Miao , Wang Tingshu , Boo Chanyoung
Published: September 2022

Versatile fluorescent polyaromatic compounds of alternating benzene and furan rings, para- and meta-bis(5-phenylfur-3-yl)benzenes, were expeditiously synthesized by double Mn(OAc)3-catalyzed oxidative decarbonylation and Paal–Knorr reactions of β-ketoesters, prepared from the conjugate addition of ethyl acetoacetate to para- and meta-bis(chalcones). Stronger fluorescence intensity was observed for meta-bis(phenylfuryl)benzene with ortho-methoxy substitution, whereas longer fluorescence wavelength was observed for para-bis(phenylfuryl)benzene with para-methoxy substitution.
Breast Cancer Subtypes Classification with Hybrid Machine Learning Model
Authors: Sarkar Suvobrata , Mali Kalyani
Published: September 2022

Background Breast cancer is the most prevailing heterogeneous disease among females characterized with distinct molecular subtypes and varied clinicopathological features. With the emergence of various artificial intelligence techniques especially machine learning, the breast cancer research has attained new heights in cancer detection and prognosis.

Objective Recent development in computer driven diagnostic system has enabled the clinicians to improve the accuracy in detecting various types of breast tumors. Our study is to develop a computer driven diagnostic system which will enable the clinicians to improve the accuracy in detecting various types of breast tumors.

Methods In this article, we proposed a breast cancer classification model based on the hybridization of machine learning approaches for classifying triple-negative breast cancer and non-triple negative breast cancer patients with clinicopathological features collected from multiple tertiary care hospitals/centers.

Results The results of genetic algorithm and support vector machine (GA-SVM) hybrid model was compared with classics feature selection SVM hybrid models like support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), LASSO-SVM, Grid-SVM, and linear SVM. The classification results obtained from GA-SVM hybrid model outperformed the other compared models when applied on two distinct hospital-based datasets of patients investigated with breast cancer in North West of African subcontinent. To validate the predictive model accuracy, 10-fold cross-validation method was applied on all models with the same multicentered datasets. The model performance was evaluated with well-known metrics like mean squared error, logarithmic loss, F1-score, area under the ROC curve, and the precision–recall curve.

Conclusion The hybrid machine learning model can be employed for breast cancer subtypes classification that could help the medical practitioners in better treatment planning and disease outcome.
Use of Machine Learning to Identify Clinical Variables in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Futterman Itamar D. , McLaren Rodney , Friedmann Hila , Musleh Nael , Haberman Shoshana
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to identify the important clinical variables found in both pregnant and non-pregnant women who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, using an artificial intelligence (AI) platform.

Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of all women between the ages of 18 to 45, who were admitted to Maimonides Medical Center between March 10, 2020 and December 20, 2021. Patients were included if they had nasopharyngeal PCR swab positive for SARS-CoV-2. Safe People Artificial Intelligence (SPAI) platform, developed by Gynisus, Inc., was used to identify key clinical variables predicting a positive test in pregnant and non-pregnant women. A list of mathematically important clinical variables was generated for both non-pregnant and pregnant women.

Results Positive results were obtained in 1,935 non-pregnant women and 1,909 non-pregnant women tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among pregnant women, 280 tested positive, and 1,000 tested negative. The most important clinical variable to predict a positive swab result in non-pregnant women was age, while elevated D-dimer levels and presence of an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern were the most important clinical variable in pregnant women to predict a positive test.

Conclusion In an attempt to better understand the natural history of the SARS-CoV-2 infection we present a side-by-side analysis of clinical variables found in pregnant and non-pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19. These clinical variables can help stratify and highlight those at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and shed light on the individual patient risk for testing positive.
Enhanced semiconductor nanowires improve safety of deep ultraviolet light emitters
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: September 2022

Tunnel junctions and polarization doping may overcome challenges with short wavelength LEDs.
On the development of shocks in fluids
Authors: Christodoulou Demetrios
Published: September 2022

In my 2007 work, I studied the formation of shocks in the context of Eulerian equations of the mechanics of compressible fluids. That work studied the maximal classical development of smooth initial data. The present review article is a presentation of my 2019 work, which addresses the problem of the physical continuation of the solution past the point of shock formation. The problem requires the construction of a hypersurface, the shock hypersurface, originating from a given singular spacelike surface, which is acoustically spacelike as viewed from its past, and the construction of a new solution in the future of the union of a given regular null hypersurface with the shock hypersurface, a solution which extends continuously the prior maximal classical solution across the given regular null hypersurface, but which displays discontinuities in physical variables across the shock hypersurface in accordance with the mass, momentum, and energy conservation laws. Moreover, the shock hypersurface is to be acoustically timelike as viewed from its future. Mathematically, this is a free boundary problem, with nonlinear conditions at the free boundary, for a first order quasilinear hyperbolic system of PDE, with characteristic initial data, which are singular at the past boundary of the initial null hypersurface, that boundary being the singular surface of origin. My 2019 work solved a restricted form of the problem through the introduction of new geometric and analytic methods. This Review is focused on the presentation of these methods.
Design, simulation, and development of bipolar pulse forming network based Marx generator for S band backward wave oscillator
Authors: Patel Ankur , Chandra Romesh , Basak Ankan , K Senthil , Roy Amitava
Published: September 2022

Pulse power systems have a wide range of applications, one of which is microwave generation. Microwave emission is associated with a certain time delay between the application of a high voltage pulse and the generation of the microwave signal. This time delay is known as microwave delay time, and it depends on the time period of the microwave signal being generated. As the time period of the microwave signal increases, the required input electrical pulse duration also goes up. To achieve this, a pulse forming network (PFN) based Marx generator is proposed. The Bipolar Marx generator is preferred over the uni-polar Marx generator to obtain the high voltage high current pulse. This also helps in maintaining the impedance requirement for Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) devices that generate the microwave pulse. To the best of our knowledge, PFN based Marx generators have been developed up to 400 kV. Here, a bipolar Marx generator has been designed with ratings of 800 kV peak voltage, 10 kA peak current, and 150 ns flattop pulse duration. The design includes analytical calculations and numerical analysis by electromagnetic simulation. The triggering method to get a wide triggering range has also been discussed. The design values have also been experimentally verified, and the resulting parameters were applied to a BWO to simulate the microwave power that it can produce. A peak microwave power of ∼1 GW has been observed in the particle-in-cell simulation.
Tailoring the magnetomechanical power efficiency of metallic glasses for magneto-electric devices
Authors: Zhuang Xin , Xu Xin , Zhang Xu , Sun Yu , Yan Bin , Liu Leisong , Lu Yuantian , Zhu Wanhua , Fang Guangyou
Published: September 2022

Metallic glasses with high magnetomechanical power efficiency are widely used in laminated magneto-electric devices, from passive magnetometers and solid-state converters to very-low-frequency emitters. The remaining challenge is to simultaneously enhance the magnetomechanical power coupling and quality factors that are usually counterbalanced in metallic glasses. Here, we investigate the relaxations and surface configurations in annealed metallic glasses and their impacts on the magnetomechanical properties. We found an opportune annealing condition that maximizes the power efficiency when a surface-oxidation film of boron oxide is formed with excessive boron atoms that are separated from a surface-crystalline film. We confirm the findings by demonstrating a magneto-electric gyrator that has a power efficiency of 96% and magneto-electric antennas that have an increased emission intensity by 20% than that with traditionally annealed metallic glasses.
Investigating Hill’s question for some probability distributions
Authors: Fang Guojun
Published: September 2022

Benford’s law asserts that the lower first significant digit (FSD) occurs more frequently than the higher FSD in naturally produced datasets. The applications of the law vary from detecting election, tax, and Covid-19 data fraud to checking abnormalities in the stock market. Hence, it is vital to know which common probability distributions satisfy Benford’s law, which is called Hill’s question. Many research studies have been performed to answer this question by using various methods. The purpose of the work is to give a more simple and intuitive method to address the question for some common probability distributions. Moreover, statistical simulation is adopted to test their conformity to Benford’s law.
Investigation of internal resonance on widening the bandwidth of energy harvester based on a cantilevered double pendulum structure
Authors: Sun Shilong , Zheng Yulong , Wang Yufan , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2022

With the development of small-scale electronic elements and wireless sensor networks, energy harvesting technologies have attracted much attention because they can offer environment-friendly, long-lifetime, and no replacement requirements. However, energy harvesting techniques for collecting ultralow frequency vibrations remain a challenge because of the ultralow frequency, low excitation amplitude, and non-continuous vibrations. This study proposes an ultralow frequency broadband energy harvester based on a double-pendulum structure and cantilevered beam, which utilizes the internal resonance to widen the bandwidth of the energy harvester. The double pendulum oscillator with appropriate parameters can yield two resonance frequencies in an ultralow frequency band (from 1 to 5 Hz). The cantilevered beam can achieve 1:2 internal resonance with the double pendulum oscillator in the second resonance frequency of the double pendulum oscillator. The experiment result shows that the internal resonance vibration piezoelectric energy harvester based on a double-pendulum structure can obtain a bandwidth of 4.4 Hz under 0.4 g excitation.
Equilibrium contact angle at the wetted substrate
Authors: Pekker Leonid , Pekker David , Petviashvili Nikolai
Published: September 2022

We construct a novel model for the steady-state contact angles of liquid droplets at the wetted substrate. The non-removable, thin liquid film covering the substrate is governed by the intermolecular forces between molecules of liquid and solid, which we describe using the standard disjoining pressure approximation. Balancing the disjoining pressure against the surface tension, we find the smooth shape of the surface of the liquid. We show that we can extract an effective contact angle from the region where the film and the droplet meet. Crucially, we find that for large droplets the contact angle is independent of the droplet size. Instead, the contact angle is determined by the surface tension and the disjoining pressure parameters through a simple formula that works for both small and large contact angles. We suggest that comparing predictions of our model to experimentally measure contact angles will enable constraining the parameters of the disjoining pressure models.
The TOR complex controls ATP levels to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Dai Liufeng , Wang Baojie , Wang Ting , Meyer Etienne H. , Kettel Valentin , Hoffmann Natalie , McFarlane Heather E. , Li Shalan , Wu Xuna , Picard Kelsey L. , Giavalisco Patrick , Persson Staffan , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2022

Energy is essential for all cellular functions in a living organism. How cells coordinate their physiological processes with energy status and availability is thus an important question. The turnover of actin cytoskeleton between its monomeric and filamentous forms is a major energy drain in eukaryotic cells. However, how actin dynamics are regulated by ATP levels remain largely unknown in plant cells. Here, we observed that seedlings with impaired functions of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), either by mutation of the key component,
RAPTOR1B
, or inhibition of TOR activity by specific inhibitors, displayed reduced sensitivity to actin cytoskeleton disruptors compared to their controls. Consistently, actin filament dynamics, but not organization, were suppressed in TORC1-impaired cells. Subcellular localization analysis and quantification of ATP concentration demonstrated that RAPTOR1B localized at cytoplasm and mitochondria and that ATP levels were significantly reduced in TORC1-impaired plants. Further pharmacologic experiments showed that the inhibition of mitochondrial functions led to phenotypes mimicking those observed in
raptor1b
mutants at the level of both plant growth and actin dynamics. Exogenous feeding of adenine could partially restore ATP levels and actin dynamics in TORC1-deficient plants. Thus, these data support an important role for TORC1 in coordinating ATP homeostasis and actin dynamics in plant cells.
Planning instruments enhance the acceptance of urban densification
Authors: Wicki Michael , Hofer Katrin , Kaufmann David
Published: September 2022

Dense and compact cities yield several benefits for both the population and the environment, including the containment of urban sprawl, reduced carbon emissions, and increased housing supply. Densification of the built environment is thus a key contemporary urban planning paradigm worldwide. However, local residents often oppose urban densification, motivating a need to understand their underlying concerns. In order to do so, we examined different factors driving public acceptance of housing densification projects through a combination of a conjoint survey experiment and different proximity frames among 12,402 participants across Berlin, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, New York, and Paris. Respondents compared housing densification projects with varying attributes, including their geographic proximity, project-related factors, and accompanying planning instruments. The results indicate that the acceptance of such projects decreases with project proximity and that project-related factors, such as the type of investor, usage, and climate goals, impact densification project acceptance. More specifically, we see a negative effect on acceptance levels for projects with for-profit investors and a positive effect when the suggested developments are mixed use or climate neutral. In addition, planning instruments, such as rent control, inclusionary zoning, and participatory planning, appear to positively influence acceptance. Interestingly, a cross-continental comparison shows overall higher acceptance levels of densification by US respondents. These multifaceted results allow us to better understand what drives people's acceptance of housing projects and how projects and planning processes can be designed to increase democratic acceptance of urban densification.