bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B4C Particles Reinforced Al2024 Composites via Mechanical Milling
Authors: Carreño-Gallardo Caleb , Estrada-Guel Ivanovich , López-Meléndez Claudia , Ledezma-Sillas Ernesto , Castañeda-Balderas Rubén , Pérez-Bustamante Raúl , Herrera-Ramírez José Martín
Published: August 2018

The control of a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcing phase in aluminum matrix composites is the main issue during the synthesis of this kind of material. In this work, 2024 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with boron carbide were produced by mechanical milling, using 1 and 2 h of milling. After milling, powdered samples were cold consolidated, sintered and T6 heat treated. The morphology and microstructure of Al2024/B4C composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy; analysis of X-ray diffraction peaks were used for the calculation of the crystallite size and microstrains by the Williamson–Hall method. The mechanical properties were evaluated by compression and hardness tests. B4C particles were found to be well dispersed into the aluminum matrix as a result of the high-energy milling process. The crystallite size of composites milled for 2 h was lower than those milled for 1 h. The hardness, yield strength and maximum strength were significantly improved in the composites processed for 2 h, in comparison to those processed for 1 h and the monolithic 2024 alloy.
Enhanced Formability and Accelerated Precipitation Behavior of 7075 Al Alloy Extruded Rod by High Temperature Aging
Authors: Ku Ming-Hsiang , Hung Fei-Yi , Lui Truan-Sheng , Lai Jyun-Jhih
Published: August 2018

This study was conducted for high temperature aging (HTA) to simultaneously reduce current treatment time and increase the tensile ductility of 7075 aluminum alloy. Various high temperatures and different durations for artificial aging were compared. We investigated the microstructure and the tensile properties of 7075 aluminum alloy extruded rod after various HTAs, and compared them with the outcomes of full annealing (O). The total elongation (TE) of the specimen after solution heat treatment (490 °C, 1 h) and artificial aging (280 °C, 12 h) was about 25%. For full annealing, it is known as 21%. The reason for this was the formation of the η phase in the matrix, which had fewer large particles (Al-Cu phase). The hardening of HTA specimens is higher than that of O, indicating necking resistance during homogeneous plastic deformation. Thereby, HTA treatment increases the formability of 7075 aluminum alloy.
Gelatin as a Photosensitive Material
Authors: Calixto Sergio , Ganzherli Nina , Gulyaev Sergey , Figueroa-Gerstenmaier Susana
Published: August 2018

Because this issue journal is dedicated to Gelatin, here we present a few applications of gelatin in the field of optics. Optics is the science that studies the production, propagation, interaction and detection of light. Various materials sensitive to light (photosensitive) are used for detection of light, such as photomultipliers, CCDs, crystals, two dimensional (2D) materials and more. Among the 2D materials, the most popular for several centuries has been gelatin based photographic emulsion, which records spatial distributions of light. More recently (1970), films made of Gelatin with Dichromate (DCG) and dyes have been used. We describe some characteristics and applications of these two photosensitive materials. We also describe examples where gelatin is used as a Relative Humidity (RH) sensor and in the fabrication of optical elements based on gelatin. This article is intended for researchers outside the optics community.
Sarcocornia neei as an Indicator of Environmental Pollution: A Comparative Study in Coastal Wetlands of Central Chile
Authors: Meza Verónica , Lillo Camilo , Rivera Daniela , Soto Eva , Figueroa Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

Being adapted to saline environments, halophytes are plant species that have received considerable attention due to their ability to cope with environmental stress factors, such as high concentrations of soluble salts and heavy metals. In this work, we focused on determining if the Sarcocornia neei (S. neei) plant can be considered as an indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil. This was done by analyzing the concentration of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) in plants and soil sampled from two wetlands in the central zone of Chile: a wetland contaminated by industrial activities and a wetland protected by the Chilean government. In addition, 14 fertility parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), Pb, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and boron (B)) were analyzed for soil samples in both wetlands. This was done to differentiate between available elements and contamination by heavy metals. Plant and soil samples in the contaminated wetland exhibited significantly higher heavy metal concentrations in comparison to samples analyzed from the protected wetland. This indicates that the S. neei plant can be further researched as an indicator of heavy metal pollution in saline soils and possibly for phytoremediation purposes.
A Uniform Linear Multi-Coil Array-Based Borehole Transient Electromagnetic System for Non-Destructive Evaluations of Downhole Casings
Authors: Dang Bo , Yang Ling , Liu Changzan , Zheng Yahong , Li Hui , Dang Ruirong , Sun Baoquan
Published: August 2018

Borehole transient electromagnetic (TEM) techniques have been proven to be efficient for nondestructive evaluations (NDEs) of metal casings using eddy-current properties. However, physical limitations and bad borehole conditions restrict the use of eddy-current sensors, which makes downhole casing inspections very different from those of conventional NDE systems. In this paper, we present a uniform linear multi-coil array-based borehole TEM system for NDEs of downhole casings. On the basis of the borehole TEM signal model, a numerical multi-coil array approach using the Gauss–Legendre quadrature is derived. The TEM response can be divided into two independent parts related to the transmitting-receiving distance (TRD) and the observation time and casing thickness. Using this property, the signal received by the multi-coil array is weighted to cancel the influence of the TRDs of the different array elements to obtain the optimal response according to the linearly constrained minimum variance criterion, which can be shown to be identical to that of achieving the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by applying the uniform linear multi-coil array to a borehole TEM system for NDEs of oil-well casings. Field experiments were conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties
Authors: Herrmann Janning F , Höppener Christiane
Published: August 2018

Plasmonic nanoantennas have found broad applications in the fields of photovoltaics, electroluminescence, non-linear optics and for plasmon enhanced spectroscopy and microscopy. Of particular interest are fundamental limitations beyond the dipolar approximation limit. We introduce asymmetric gold nanoparticle antennas (AuNPs) with improved optical near-field properties based on the formation of sub-nanometer size gaps, which are suitable for studying matter with high-resolution and single molecule sensitivity. These dumbbell antennas are characterized in regard to their far-field and near-field properties and are compared to similar dimer and trimer antennas with larger gap sizes. The tailoring of the gap size down to sub-nanometer length scales is based on the integration of rigid macrocyclic cucurbituril molecules. Stable dimer antennas are formed with an improved ratio of the electromagnetic field enhancement and confinement. This ratio, taken as a measure of the performance of an antenna, can even exceed that exhibited by trimer AuNP antennas composed of comparable building blocks with larger gap sizes. Fluctuations in the far-field and near-field properties are observed, which are likely caused by distinct deviations of the gap geometry arising from the faceted structure of the applied colloidal AuNPs.
Synthesis of 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols modified at C-5 and their evaluation as inhibitors of GH38 α-mannosidases
Authors: Bella Maroš , Šesták Sergej , Moncoľ Ján , Koóš Miroslav , Poláková Monika
Published: August 2018

A synthetic approach to 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols with various modifications at the C-5 position is reported. These imino-L-lyxitol cores were used for the preparation of a series of N-(4-halobenzyl)polyhydroxypyrrolidines. An impact of the C-5 modification on the inhibition and selectivity against GH38 α-mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster, the Golgi (GMIIb) and lysosomal (LManII) mannosidases and commercial jack bean α-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis was evaluated. The modification at C-5 affected their inhibitory activity against the target GMIIb enzyme. In contrast, no inhibition effect of the pyrrolidines against LManII was observed. The modification of the imino-L-lyxitol core is therefore a suitable motif for the design of inhibitors with desired selectivity against the target GMIIb enzyme.
An Update to the EVEREST K2 Pipeline: Short Cadence, Saturated Stars, and Kepler-like Photometry Down to Kp = 15
Authors: Luger Rodrigo , Kruse Ethan , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Agol Eric , Saunders Nicholas
Published: August 2018

We present an update to the EVEREST
K2 pipeline that addresses various limitations in the previous version and improves the photometric precision of the light curves. We develop a fast regularization scheme for pixel-level decorrelation (PLD) and adapt the algorithm to include the PLD vectors of other stars to enhance the predictive power of the model and minimize overfitting, particularly for faint stars. We also modify PLD to work for saturated stars and improve its performance on variable stars, although some high-frequency variables may still suffer from overfitting. On average, EVEREST 2.0 light curves have 10–20% higher photometric precision than those in version 1, yielding the highest-precision light curves at all

magnitudes of any publicly available K2 catalog. For most K2 campaigns, we recover the original Kepler precision to at least

 = 14, and to at least

 = 15 for campaigns 1, 5, 6, and 13. We also detrend most short-cadence targets observed by K2, obtaining even higher photometric precision for these stars. Like all aggressive, flexible models, EVEREST is prone to overfitting, and may cause a decrease in transit depths by ∼10%; we urge users to mask signals of interest using our open-source software, which we show removes this bias. Light curves for campaigns 0–8 and 10–13 are available online in the EVEREST catalog, which will be updated with future campaigns. EVEREST 2.0 is open source and is coded in a framework that can be adapted to other photometric surveys, including Kepler and the upcoming TESS mission.
X-Ray Luminosity and Size Relationship of Supernova Remnants in the LMC
Authors: Ou 歐 Po-Sheng 柏昇 , Chu 朱 You-Hua 有花 , Maggi Pierre , Li 李 Chuan-Jui 傳睿 , Chang 曾 Un Pang 遠鵬 , Gruendl Robert A.
Published: August 2018

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has ∼60 confirmed supernova remnants (SNRs). Because of the known distance, 50 kpc, the SNRs’ angular sizes can be converted to linear sizes, and their X-ray observations can be used to assess X-ray luminosities (L
X). We have critically examined the LMC SNRs’ sizes reported in the literature to determine the most plausible sizes. These sizes and the L
X determined from XMM-Newton observations are used to investigate their relationship to explore the environmental and evolutionary effects on the X-ray properties of SNRs. Our research provides the following three results. (1) Small LMC SNRs, a few to 10 pc in size, are all Type Ia with L
X > 1036 erg s−1. The scarcity of small core-collapse (CC) SNRs is a result of CC SNe exploding in the low-density interiors of interstellar bubbles blown by their massive progenitors during their main-sequence phase. (2) Medium-sized (10–30 pc) CC SNRs show bifurcation in L
X, with the X-ray-bright SNRs either in an environment associated with molecular clouds or containing pulsars and pulsar-wind nebulae and the X-ray-faint SNRs being located in low-density interstellar environments. (3) Large (size > 30 pc) SNRs show a trend of L
X fading with size, although the scatter is large. The observed relationship between L
X and sizes can help constrain models of SNR evolution.
Observational Viability of an Inflation Model with E-model Nonminimal Derivative Coupling
Authors: Nozari Kourosh , Rashidi Narges
Published: August 2018

By starting with a two-fields model in which the fields and their derivatives are nonminimally coupled to gravity, and then by using a conformal gauge, we obtain a model in which the derivatives of the canonically normalized field are nonminimally coupled to gravity. By adopting some appropriate functions, we study two cases with constant and E-model nonminimal derivative coupling, while the potential in both cases is chosen to be E-model one. We show that contrary to the single-field α-attractor model, there is an attractor point in the large N and small α limits in our setup, and for both mentioned cases there is an attractor line in these limits that the r−n

s
trajectories tend to. By studying the linear and nonlinear perturbations in this setup, and by comparing the numerical results with Planck2015 observational data, we obtain some constraints on the free parameter α. We show that by considering the E-model potential and coupling function, the model is observationally viable for all values of M (mass scale of the model). We use the observational constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the consistency relation to obtain some constraints on the sound speed of the perturbations in this model. As a result, we show that in a nonminimal derivative α-attractor model, it is possible to have small sound speed and therefore large non-Gaussianity.
Ultraviolet Radiation and Elevated Temperature Impact on Flexural and Swelling Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipes
Authors: Al-Samhan Meshal , Al-Attar Fatema , Samuel Jacob , Abraham Gils , Al-Banna Aseel
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether ultraviolet radiation and elevated temperature influence the flexural strength, flexural modulus and swelling of glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes (GRP) over different aging periods. The degree of resistance to breaking on impact, and its measurement, is of practical importance in the selection and comparison of composite materials. Prepared samples from unused GRP pipe were subjected to ultraviolet radiation, humidity and elevated temperature prior to aging for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months in two different media, aquifer water and crude oil with high water cut. Flexural strength and modulus were obtained through a three-point bending test, results show that flexural strength noticeably decreases for samples aged in aquifer water when subjected to ultraviolet radiation. The exposed wet crude samples of composites to ultraviolet environment showed better flexural strength and modulus when compared to the unexposed samples. Maximum value of flexural strength (208 MPa) and flexural modulus (14.2 GPa) was observed for non UV aquifer water samples. In addition, swelling tests indicated that the pipe polymer matrix has a great resistance to solvent uptake which synergize with flexural modulus results for aquifer and wet crude samples. It can be found from this study that the combination of flowing chemicals in the pipe with the external factors such as elevated temperature and ultraviolet radiation have a notable impact over the polymer matrix and consequently on the composite physical properties .
Self-Assembled Growth of Tail-Like Cluster Composed of Flower-Shaped ZnO Microwires by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
Authors: Yang De Chao , Qiu Yu , Wu Bo , Luo Jing Qian , Huang Zhi Yu , Li Jin Yu , Song Wen Bin , Zong Yang
Published: August 2018

A self-assembled ZnO tail-like cluster (TC) had been successfully synthesized by a simple chemical vapor deposition method. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that ZnO TC is composed of bushy ZnO microwires with flower-shaped cross sections. Long and narrow furrows can be clearly observed on the surface of the ZnO TC. A possible growth model is proposed to discuss the formation mechanism. The analytical result indicates that the flower-shaped ZnO microwires are formed by the lateral coalescence of ZnO wires at high temperature. The room temperature PL spectrum shows a prominent UV emission band around 380 nm, and no green emission is found, implying that the unique flower-shaped ZnO microwires have high optical quality. This controlled growth of ZnO TC may have implication for potential applications in novel optoelectronic micro/nanodevices in the near future.
Preparation of Dispersed Y2O3-MgO Nanopowder from Stearate
Authors: Wang Hua Dong , Sun Zhi Qiang , Yang Xiao Bo , Wu Tao , Dong Heng , Li Shu Qin
Published: August 2018

Dispersed Y2O3-MgO nanopowder was synthesized by calcining the stearate. XRD, TG-DTA, FT-IR, BET and FE-SEM were employed to analyze The formation mechanism of the precursor and the Y2O3-MgO nanopowder. Pure and dispersed Y2O3-MgO nanopowder with an average particle size of 40 nm was produced by calcining the precursor at 600 °C. The particle size increases to about 70 nm with the increase of the calcination temperature to 700 °C. In the preparation of Y2O3-MgO from stearate, no water medium is involved, thus capillarity force and bridging of adjacent particles by hydrogen bonds can be avoided, resulting in good dispersion of the particles. The dispersed Y2O3-MgO nanopowder prepared in this work has potential application in infrared transparent ceramic materials.
The Study on Self-Pulverization Rate of Steelmaking Slag Modified and Reduced
Authors: Rao Lei , Wu Liu Shun , Wang Jue , Zhou Yun , Dong Yuan Chi , Gui Man Cheng
Published: August 2018

More than one hundred million tons of steelmaking slag is produced annually in China. Bad grindability inhibits efficiency of using steelmaking slag which resulted a great waste. In view of this situation, various methods were carried out to improve the grindability so that to reduce the amount of waste and recycle the materials. Experiments were executed to compare the self-pulverization rate before and after the modification and deoxidization. Our study results indicate that by using the method of modification and deoxidization, which improves the self-pulverization of slag could be greatly improved.
The Influence of W/C Ratio and Superplasticizer Type on Porosity of Concrete with Air-Entraining Cement with Fly Ash
Authors: Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Beata
Published: August 2018

The research results of stability of air-entrainment of concrete acc. PN-EN 480-1 in case of innovate air-entraining multi-component cement CEM II/B-V is presented in the paper. The influence of PCE, naphthalene and phosphonamidite based superplasticizers and w/c ratio: 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55 on air-entrainment and consistency of fresh concrete mix was investigated. The research results indicated that with increasing w/c ratio the air-entrainment of concrete increases. Moreover, in case of an increase in the degree of liquidity of the air-entrained concrete made of participation of the innovative, air-entraining multi-component cement CEM II/B-V, first and new generation superplasticizers based on modified naphthalene, and then modified phosphonamidite should be used. PCE based superplasticizer cause the too high air-entrainment of concrete. The research results proved, that the porosity of hardened concrete meets the European standards for frost-resistant concrete.
The Recent Development of Study on H13 Hot-Work Die Steel
Authors: Zhou Zheng Cun , Du J. , Yan Y.J. , Shen C.L.
Published: August 2018

The recent development of study on H13 hot-work die steel is reported in this paper. Microstructures and mechanical properties and their changes with some factors are briefly introduced. The factors are included in melting, heat treatment, surface treatment, and so on.
Malpositioned canine treatment with autotransplantation and laser
Authors: Tunc Serap Keskin , Kayasan Mehmet Savas , Ozeroglu Esma , Eroglu Cennet Neslihan
Published: August 2018

Children and young adults often have tooth loss due to congenital tooth deficiency, trauma, or caries. Autotransplantation has many benefits. The transplanted tooth can be moved orthodontically, maintains alveolar bone growth potential during eruption, and functional periodontal ligament function also permits tooth eruption, allows the defected areas to be filled with the bones; gingival contour is much more successful than the one obtained with prosthesis. In this paper, treatment steps and follow-up results of autotransplantation case supported with biostimulation are mentioned. A 14-year-old female patient was admitted to the clinic with a complaint of decayed tooth 53 and malposed tooth 13. Mobile primary tooth was pulled out, and the socket was shaped with surgical drills. By performing transplantation of ectopic canine, splint was applied with steel wire and composite. Diode laser was used to provide deep disinfection of canals. The patient underwent low-dose laser therapy for biostimulation immediately after these procedures. We did not encounter any ankylosis, root resorption, periodontal, or functional problems in our evaluation with computed tomography after 3 years follow-up of the patient.
Assessment of the oral health status of asthmatic children
Authors: Arafa Abla , Aldahlawi Salwa , Fathi Adel
Published: August 2018

Objectives: To assess the oral health status and salivary composition in a group of children suffering from bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of sixty asthmatic children, sixty healthy negative controls, and sixty healthy positive controls of both sexes with age ranging from 4 to 12 years old. The asthmatics were grouped according to disease severity into mild, moderate, or severe asthmatic. All the children were clinically examined to assess their dental caries experience (decayed, indicated for extraction, and filled primary tooth [def] and decayed-missing-filled permanent tooth [DMF]), dental erosion condition (tooth wear index), and gingival health condition (gingival index [GI]). Salivary samples were collected and assessed for salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and the level of calcium, sodium, and potassium. Results: The results of this study revealed that asthmatic children presented significantly higher def, DMF score, and GI mean values compared to the control groups. Severe asthmatics significantly presented the highest def and GI score. Salivary analysis revealed reduced stimulated salivary flow rate and altered salivary pH. In addition, significantly elevated mean salivary calcium level found to be associated with higher GI mean score. Conclusions: Children suffering from bronchial asthma should receive special dental preventive attention as presented with greater risk for oral and dental diseases as compared to the healthy controls.
Experimental assessment of the sensitivity of an estuarine phytoplankton fall bloom to acidification and warming
Authors: Bénard Robin , Levasseur Maurice , Scarratt Michael , Blais Marie-Amélie , Mucci Alfonso , Ferreyra Gustavo , Starr Michel , Gosselin Michel , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Lizotte Martine
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We investigated the combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the
dynamics of the phytoplankton fall bloom in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
(LSLE), Canada. Twelve 2600 L mesocosms were set to initially cover a wide
range of pHT (pH on the total proton scale) from 8.0 to 7.2
corresponding to a range of pCO2 from 440 to
2900 µatm, and two temperatures (in situ and +5 ∘C). The
13-day experiment captured the development and decline of a nanophytoplankton
bloom dominated by the chain-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum.
During the development phase of the bloom, increasing pCO2
influenced neither the magnitude nor the net growth rate of the
nanophytoplankton bloom, whereas increasing the temperature by 5 ∘C
stimulated the chlorophyll a (Chl a) growth rate and maximal particulate
primary production (PP) by 76 % and 63 %, respectively.
During the declining phase of the bloom, warming accelerated the loss of
diatom cells, paralleled by a gradual decrease in the abundance of
photosynthetic picoeukaryotes and a bloom of picocyanobacteria. Increasing
pCO2 and warming did not influence the abundance of
picoeukaryotes, while picocyanobacteria abundance was reduced by the increase
in pCO2 when combined with warming in the latter phase of
the experiment. Over the full duration of the experiment, the time-integrated
net primary production was not significantly affected by the
pCO2 treatments or warming. Overall, our results suggest
that warming, rather than acidification, is more likely to alter
phytoplankton autumnal bloom development in the LSLE in the decades to come.
Future studies examining a broader gradient of temperatures should be
conducted over a larger seasonal window in order to better constrain the
potential effect of warming on the development of blooms in the LSLE and its
impact on the fate of primary production.
The Impact of Proactive Personality on Job Performance through Job Crafting: The Case of Vietcombank in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Viet Phan Quan , Tuan Truong Anh
Published: August 2018

This study was conducted to measure the impact of the proactive personality to job job performance through job crafting of employees at Vietcombank in Ho Chi Minh City. The study conducted a survey of 182 employees at Vietcombank transaction offices in Ho Chi Minh City. Research data was analyzed by techniques: descriptive statistics, scale reliability, EFA, CFA, and SEM. The results of the factor analysis show that the proactive personality scale consists of one component; the job crafting scale consists of three components: increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources and increasing challenging job requirement; the job performance scale consists of one component. The results of the SEM analysis showed that the proactive personality and job crafting had a positive impact on the job performance of employees. From the results of the analysis, the study suggests some solutions that need to be focused on to motivate the proactive personality and the job crafting in order to improve the job performance of the employees at Vietcombank in Ho Chi Minh City.
THE METHODS OF MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PUBLIC FINANCE SECTOR
Authors: Rechul Halina , Wrona Bartłomiej
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the issues of efficiency, with special emphasis on measuring it in public sector units. The reason behind establishing units of the public finance sector is to satisfy the needs of the society, whereas the expenses paid to satisfy those needs are financed from public means. The measurement of the efficiency of such units is an important element used for assessing the degree of accomplishment of public tasks. The article offers a review of the issue and attempts at characterizing selected efficiency measures used in the units of the public fi-nance sector.
THE REQUIRED RESERVE RATIO AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
Authors: Ilchuk Pavlo , Kots Olha , Martynyuk Daryna , Prokopchuk Viktoriya
Published: August 2018

The world practice of using such a tool of monetary policy as a regulation of required reserve ratio by central banks has been researched and analyzed. The influence of regulation of required reserve ratio on macroeconomic indicators has been identified. The hypothesis of the possibility of using the long-term money supply law for monetary regulation of the economy and the effectiveness of the instrument for regulating required reserve ratio for achieving the monetary policy objectives of the central banks is proved.
ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RURAL TERRITORIES DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pavlikha Nataliia , Khomiuk Nataliia
Published: August 2018

The article illustrates various approaches to the essence of such categories as “economic security”, “economic security of the state” and “development of rural territories”. The views of scientists on the definition of economic security levels are systematized. The interaction of the “economic security” and “development of rural territories” concepts is substantiated. The modern tendencies of the rural territories development in Ukraine are researched. The Concept of the Development of Rural Territories in Ukraine is considered. It was found that ensuring the economic security of rural development should be based on the principles of unity and integrity, taking into account the process of decentralization, which is carried out through the formation of communities taking into account the geographic, economic, ecological, ethnic and demographic characteristics of each rural area entity.
ECOLOGO-HYGIENIC AUDIT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY FROM WELLS AND DAMMING OF RIVNE REGION
Authors: Hushchuk Ihor , Hilman Anna , Kulesha Nataliia
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of ecological sanitary audit of drinking water quality from sources of decentralized water supply in Rivne region during 2004-2015, analyzes the dynamics of discrepancies of drinking water samples from sources of decentralized water supply according to sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators in the context of Rivne region’s districts.
PASSENGER CARS TESTED AT THE MOTOR TRANSPORT INSTITUTE IN THE 1950s OF THE 20th CENTURY – THE PROTOTYPE OF THE FSO SYRENA
Authors: Zakrzewski Bartosz
Published: August 2018

The article presents and characterizes the results of road tests conducted in the Institute of Road Transport (ITS) in Warsaw, the prototype of the passenger car FSO Syrena in 1955. The final report of the research carried out at MTI, stored in the archives, was thoroughly analyzed and the conclusions were presented in this article. The road tests carried out at MTI in 1955 served the FSO engineers in designing the series-production version of the Syrena car, whose production started in 1957. The FSO Syrena, almost 30 years ago, was the first popular car for hundreds of thousands of Polish families, and today it is a legendary vehicle, which is associated with the motoring of the Polish People's Republic.
A Dual-Band Printed Slot Antenna for WiMAX and Metrological Wireless Applications
Authors: Mezaal Y. S. , Abdulkareem S. F. , Ali J. K.
Published: August 2018

New microstrip antenna initiated from the portions of  1st order structures of Sierpinski square geometry is  modeled  in this paper as quasi-fractal device using an FR4 substrate of 4.4 dielectric constant, 1.6 mm thickness and 0.02 loss tangent. The intended microstrip antenna is designed for band frequencies  of 3.5 and 7.8 GHz for WiMAX and metrological satellite applications with a bandwidth of 0.66 and 0.78 GHz for each band respectively. The designed antenna has considerable compact size  that is smaller than many reported fractal and non-fractal antenna structures in the literature. Also, it has interesting return loss and radiation results that can be employed in diverse wireless devices. Measured input reflection coefficient, radiation patterns and gain results have been found in good agreement with those predicted by simulations.
Design of a Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna Enabled by Complementary Split Ring Resonators for X-Band Applications
Authors: Hamad E. K. I. , Hamdalla M. Z. M.
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a design of highly effective dual-band microstrip antenna for X-band applications is developed. Dual-band response is obtained by etching four rectangular split ring resonator (RSRR) unit cells within the radiating element of a conventional patch initially designed to operate at 10 GHz. The proposed antenna is constructed on low lossy RT/duroid 5880 (ϵr = 2.2, tan δ = 0.0009) substrate of 20x20x1.575 mm3 total area. The antenna is tuned to operate at two resonant frequencies within 8 to 12 GHz depending on the geometric specifications of the RSRR's. A parametric study of different numbers of unit cells etched on the radiating element is investigated and discussed comprehensively through this study. Realized gain of about 6.2 and 6.8 dB at 8.8 and 10 GHz are attained. Consistent results are obtained between the measurements and simulation results using 3D full-wave FEM-base simulator.
Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , Zhao Shengguo , Nan Xuemei , Jin Di , Wang Jiaqi
Published: August 2018

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of urea hydrolysis rate on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. To control urea hydrolysis rate, urea and urease inhibitor (acetohydroxamic acid, AHA) were supplemented to a 2 × 2 factorial design, with urea supplemented at 0 or 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of substrate, and AHA equivalent to 0 or 450 mg/kg DM of substrate. Ruminal fluid was collected from three Chinese Holstein dairy cows, fed a TMR, and incubated at 39 °C for 12 h after the addition of urea and AHA. Rumen fermentation parameters, which indicated the rate of ammonia formation (including ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and urea-nitrogen concentrations, urease activity, and microbial crude protein) were measured by chemical analysis. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Total bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria abundance was detected by quantitative PCR. Results showed that AHA addition significantly decreased the rate of ammonia formation when urea was supplemented. Urea and AHA supplementation significantly increased the bacterial community diversity level according to the Shannon–Weiner index of 16S DGGE images. Furthermore, ruminal bacterial profiles were separated by ammonia release rate when urea was supplemented, according to the DGGE and hierarchical cluster analysis. Urea supplementation reduced the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such asRuminococcus albus,R. flavefaciens,Fibrobacter succinogenes, andButyrivibrio fibrosolvens, but inhibition of urea hydrolysis by AHA addition alleviated the reductions during the early period of incubation. In conclusion, slow release of ammonia induced by urease inhibitor influenced the ruminal bacterial diversity level and lessened the inhibition of total bacteria growth at the incubation of 12 h andF. succinogenesduring the early period of incubation.
Previously, at Elephantine
Authors: Toorn Karel van der
Published: August 2018

This article looks at the evidence for a turbulent episode in the life of the Jewish community at Elephantine. In the months leading up to the destruction of the Yaho temple, the summer of 410 BCE, Jews and Egyptians found themselves at loggerheads in a conflict about a precious stone. The stone had been stolen from the Egyptians and then turned up in the hands of Jewish traders. Six letters from the Elephantine archives document the affair. Their analysis leads to the reconstruction of a crucial period in the relations between Persians, Jews, and Egyptians in the late Achaemenid era.
Notes on the Semantic Range of “Deliverance” in the Quran
Authors: Rustom Mohammed
Published: August 2018

This article argues against the indiscriminate reading of Christian discursive categories into the Quran, taking the term “salvation” as its case in point. Rather than “salvation,” the word “deliverance” more adequately accounts for the complexity inherent in four closely related Arabic root structures employed throughout the Quran.
Bilingual Discourse and Cross-Cultural Fertilisation: Sanskrit and Tamil in Medieval India. Edited by Whitney Cox and Vincenzo Vergiani with an introduction by Dominic Goodall
Authors: Wentworth Blake
Published: August 2018

Bilingual Discourse and Cross-Cultural Fertilisation: Sanskrit and Tamil in Medieval India. Edited by Whitney Cox and Vincenzo Vergiani with an introduction by Dominic Goodall. Collection Indologie, vol. 121. Pondicherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry / École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 2013. Pp. x + 466. Rs. 900, €38.
Ramesside Inscriptions: Translations. Vol. 7. Addenda. By K. A. Kitchen; and Ramesside Inscriptions. Vol. 4. Merenptah and the Late Nineteenth Dynasty: Translated and Annotated, Notes and Comments. By Benedict G. Davies
Authors: Spalinger Anthony
Published: August 2018

Ramesside Inscriptions: Translations. Vol. 7. Addenda. By K. A. Kitchen. Walden, Mass: Wiley Blackwell, 2014. Pp. xxxvi + 274. $400.

Ramesside Inscriptions. Vol. 4. Merenptah and the Late Nineteenth Dynasty: Translated and Annotated, Notes and Comments. By Benedict G. Davies. Malden, Mass.: Wiley BlackWell, 2014. Pp. xl + 397, maps, charts. $400.
Persia’s Imperial Power in Late Antiquity: The Great Wall of Gorgān and Frontier Landscapes of Sasanian Iran. By Eberhard W. Sauer; Hamid Omrani Rekavandi; Tony J. Wilkinson; and Jebrael Nokandeh
Authors: Alden John R.
Published: August 2018

Persia’s Imperial Power in Late Antiquity: The Great Wall of Gorgān and Frontier Landscapes of Sasanian Iran. By Eberhard W. Sauer; Hamid Omrani Rekavandi; Tony J. Wilkinson; and Jebrael Nokandeh. British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2013. Pp. xvi + 711, illus. $150. [Distributed by the David Brown Book Co., Oakville, CT.]
Al-Jāḥiẓ: In Praise of Books. By James E. Montgomery
Authors: Günther Sebastian
Published: August 2018

Al-Jāḥiẓ: In Praise of Books. By James E. Montgomery. Edinburgh Studies in Classical Arabic

Literature, vol. 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. Pp. vi + 586. $160, £95.
Jews and Islamic Law in Early 20th-Century Yemen. By Mark S. Wagner
Authors: Libson Gideon
Published: August 2018

Jews and Islamic Law in Early 20th-Century Yemen. By Mark S. Wagner. Indiana Series in Sephardi and Mizrahi Studies. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 208. $75 (cloth); $29 (paper).
Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China: A Study with Critical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb No. 247
Authors: Sou Daniel Sungbin
Published: August 2018

Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China: A Study with Critical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb No. 247. 2 vols. Translated and edited by Anthony J. Barbieri-Low and Robin D. S. Yates. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 126. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 377; vol. 2: pp. xiv + 1038. €299, $389.
Black Eunuchs of the Ottoman Empire: Networks of Power in the Court of the Sultan. By George H. Junne
Authors: Hathaway Jane
Published: August 2018

The Black Eunuchs of the Ottoman Empire: Networks of Power in the Court of the Sultan. By George H. Junne. London: I. B. Tauris, 2016. Pp. x + 336. £64.
Heroines of the Qing: Exemplary Women Tell Their Stories. By Binbin Yang
Authors: Kinney Anne Behnke
Published: August 2018

Heroines of the Qing: Exemplary Women Tell Their Stories. By Binbin Yang. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 230. $50.
The regulators of G protein signaling RGS16 and RGS18 inhibit protease‐activated receptor 2/Gi/o signaling through distinct interactions with Gα in live cells
Authors: Kim Kiman , Lee Jinyong , Ghil Sungho
Published: August 2018

Protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by endogenous proteases, in particular, trypsin. Although regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are known to inhibit GPCR/Gα‐mediated signaling, their specific effects on PAR2 are poorly understood at present. Here, we use a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technique to investigate whether RGS16 and RGS18 bind PAR2 in live cells to regulate PAR2/Gαi/o‐mediated signaling. Notably, we find that RGS16 binds to PAR2 in the presence of Gαi while RGS18 does not interact with PAR2, regardless of the presence of Gα. Both RGS16 and RGS18 inhibit PAR2/Gαi/o‐mediated signaling. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to highlight the effects of RGS proteins on PAR2‐mediated signaling.
Beyond Phototherapy: Recent Advances in Multifunctional Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Light‐Triggered Tumor Theranostics
Authors: del Rosal Blanca , Jia Baohua , Jaque Daniel
Published: August 2018

Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great attention for cancer diagnosis and therapy thanks to their unique properties that enable specific tumor uptake, image‐guided diagnosis, and tumor suppression triggered by one or more therapeutic modalities. Light‐activated NPs have gained particular interest as minimally invasive theranostic agents for fluorescence‐guided tumor diagnosis and highly selective phototherapy. The most recent advances in the field focus on shifting their spectral operation range to the second biological window (1000–1400 nm), while improving their efficacy, selectivity, and multifunctionality. In the past few years, multiple systems capable of light‐triggered tumor diagnosis through fluorescence imaging (and in many cases, other imaging modalities) and subsequent tumor therapy have been synthesized and evaluated in small animal models. This review summarizes the different approaches for in vivo tumor theranostics, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and provides a critical analysis of the current state of the field.
Interlayer Lithium Plating in Au Nanoparticles Pillared Reduced Graphene Oxide for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Pu Jun , Li Jiachen , Shen Zihan , Zhong Chenglin , Liu Jinyun , Ma Haixia , Zhu Jia , Zhang Huigang , Braun Paul V
Published: August 2018

Lithium metal anodes suffer from serious safety issues and rapid capacity fade because of nonideal plating/stripping behaviors. Lithium nucleation on undesired positions usually results from nonuniform multiphysical field distributions and the dynamically changing interface thermodynamics. In this study, a sandwich composite anode consisting of gold nanoparticles pillared reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is designed . Because gold nanoparticles preferentially induce lithium nucleation, the typically uncontrolled lithium deposition process becomes a highly nucleation‐guided process. Because the sandwich structure of the Au‐pillared rGO provides a stable anode morphology with cycling and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interface layer, the Au‐pillared rGO delivers a high Coulombic efficiency of up to 98% for at least 200 cycles for 1600 h. Using this pillared structure, an interlayer plating process is revealed in rGO‐sandwiched anodes, which differ from either conventional metallic anodes or intercalation anodes. The Au‐pillared design bridges the gap between metal and intercalation anodes, and provides a novel strategy to improve the efficiencies and cyclability of lithium anodes.
Dual Functional Layers Modified Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Fouling Resistant for Electrodialysis
Authors: Ruan Huimin , Liao Junbin , Tan Ruiqing , Pan Jiefeng , Sotto Arcadio , Gao Congjie , Shen Jiangnan
Published: August 2018

The fouling mitigation of anion exchange membrane (AEM) performance is a great challenge faced by many membrane applications (e.g., electrodialysis, ED). In this study, a novel AEM is modified with dual functional layers prepared by coating hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) on quaternized poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide), and subsequently grafting with zwitterionic structure of sulfobetaine methacrylate via the aza‐Michael reaction, aiming to improve the membrane fouling resistant. In particular, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) is used as model foulant. The hydrophilic layer (PDA) and hydrophilic/negatively charged zwitterionic surface of AEM, act as useful barriers via physical blocking and electrostatic repulsion, respectively. The proposed modification can restrict the deposition and/or chemical adsorption of SDBS. The time elapsed until the occurrence of fouling (transition time) is significantly enhanced as result of modification (around five times longer) as evidence of the reinforced antifouling property. The enhanced performance of modified membrane is also confirmed by desalting experiments in terms of NaCl rejection potential. The facile preparation and advanced performances of dual functional layers modified AEM suggest its potential ED application.
Interdigitated Electrode‐Based Triboelectric Sliding Sensor for Security Monitoring
Authors: Li Wenjian , Liu Guoxu , Jiang Dongdong , Wang Chan , Li Wei , Guo Tong , Zhao Junqing , Xi Fengben , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Chi
Published: August 2018

Security monitoring and precaution for private information and property plays a key role in the smart home system. In this work, a triboelectric nanogenerator‐based active sliding sensor is demonstrated which can monitor the position, displacement, velocity, and direction of a contact sliding objects. The device consists of a mover and a stator which operate in sliding mode. Two aligned column arrays of copper electrodes are coated on the substrate as the mover, while two interdigitated copper electrode pairs with relative position shift are coated under a polytetrafluoroethylene film as the stator. The experimental results show that a single device can generate a voltage of about 5 V at a resistance load of 60 MΩ at a sliding velocity of 0.5 m s–1. The sliding sensor can detect an ultralow velocity in 0.001 m s–1 as well as the sliding direction of the mover. The sensor can be fixed on the drawer and door to detect the motion parameters which are sent to a remote client application for security monitoring in smart home systems. The proposed sliding sensor has great potential in the Internet of things, personal motion feature recognition, and meandering trajectory tracking.
Fabrication of Transparent Conductive Film with Flexible Silver Nanowires Using Roll‐to‐Roll Slot‐Die Coating and Calendering and Its Application to Resistive Touch Panel
Authors: Jeong Hakyung , Park Sungsik , Lee Jongsu , Won Philip , Ko Seung‐Hwan , Lee Dongjin
Published: August 2018

A transparent conductive film incorporating silver nanowires (AgNW TCF) is fabricated through roll‐to‐roll (R2R) slot‐die coating and a subsequent calendering process and applied to a resistive touch panel. To produce a uniform AgNW film on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate, the R2R slot‐die coating is optimized in terms of the solvent, concentration, and flow rate of the AgNW solution, and the length of the AgNWs synthesized using a polyol method. The coated AgNW TCF is calendered between two rolls to produce percolation paths in the film. During the calendering, the roll temperature, applied pressure, and web speed are optimized to yield a low sheet resistance of 28 Ω sq−1 with a transmittance of 86% at 550 nm. To demonstrate the functionality of the AgNW TCF, a coating of SiO2 microspheres is also applied to form a spacer layer, again using R2R slot‐die coating. A resistive touch panel is thus successfully implemented. The effect of the calendering process is confirmed by observing the operation of the touch panel, which is found to be more sensitive and accurate. The integrated manufacturing process for producing an AgNW TCF, presented herein, can be applied to many other major fields.