bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Wireless Communication: A Li-Fi Module for Secure and Efficient Data Transmission
Authors: Katke Abhishek
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology, established in2011, has garnered significant attention in recent years as a viable alternative to conventional radio frequency (RF) wireless communication methods. Li-Fi leverages light waves for data transmission, offering a more secure and efficient means of communication. This project aims to showcase the potential of Li-Fi technology by creating a bidirectional communication system capable of transmitting digital data using a laser and a micro-controller. The system allows for data transmission and reception between two endpoints. For data reception, a solarpanel is employed to convert the laser-emitted light waves into electrical signals, which are subsequently interpreted by a micro- controller. The received data is then displayed on an LCD screen for convenient readability.
Seismic Analysis of High-Rise Building using Negative Stiffness Device
Authors: Waghchaure Shubham
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Natural hazard mitigation is one of the most important issues facing civil engineers today. In structural engineering, one of the constant challenges is to find new and better means of protecting existing and new civil structures from the damaging effects of destructive environmental forces, such as wind, waves and earthquakes. Earthquakes are considered the most destructive environmental forces for civil engineering structures. Seismic forces and displacements in existing structures can be effectively reduced in an approach where the structure is intentionally weakened (stiffness and strength are reduced) and damping is added. However, the approach also results in inelastic excursions and permanent deformation of the structural system during a seismic event. A new concept previously proposed by the authors simulates apparent weakening by incorporating a mechanical system that produces true negative stiffness in the structural system. In doing so, inelastic excursions and permanent deformations may be substantially reduced or eliminated. True negative stiffness means that the force must assist motion, not oppose it as in the case of a positive stiffness spring. A passive device capable of exhibiting true negative stiffness, negative stiffness device (NSD), without external power supply is studied in this project work. A pre-compressed spring is used to generate the force to push the structure and a lever-mechanism is adapted to amplify the generated force.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Clay Mixed with Construction Waste and Lime Powder
Authors: He Chang
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Clay is widely distributed in Yiyang City. Due to its low strength and great influence on construction safety, clay needs to be improved and reused in actual projects, which leads to problems such as increased construction cost and delayed construction period. In this paper, construction waste, lime powder and clay are mixed according to a certain proportion, so as to improve the strength of soil and reduce construction costs. It is found that construction waste can improve the ductility of soil, but it has no obvious effect on the improvement of compressive strength of soil. When 20% construction waste and 4% lime powder are added, the compressive strength of soil is improved most obviously.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAGA UNIT PENGOLAHAN DAN PEMASARAN BAHAN OLAH KARET DI SUMATRA SELATAN
Authors: Alamsyah Aprizal J , M. KOLOPAKING Lala , P. LUBIS Djuara
Published: December 2023

Keberadaan Unit Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Bahan olah karet rakyat (UPPB) di wilayah sentra produksi karet rakyat akan sangat mendukung peningkatan mutu bahan olah karet rakyat (bokar) di tingkat petani dan memberikan posisi tawar harga yang tinggi kepada petani. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi respons petani karet terhadap empat komponen lembaga (sistem norma, personel, peralatan fisik, dan kelakuan berpola), mengetahui komponen kelembagaan yang memengaruhi pelembagaan sistem norma UPPB, dan menganalisis dinamika kelembagaan terkait perkembangan UPPB di kalangan petani karet. Kajian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme untuk mengungkap realitas sosial masyarakat yang diteliti. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi kegiatan UPPB, wawancara mendalam dengan petani karet rakyat dan para stakeholder dengan cara purposive sampling, diskusi terfokus, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengolahan data kualitatif, triangulasi, dan analisis induktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa petani karet tidak memberikan respons positif terhadap keberadaan UPPB, komponen personel lebih berpengaruh terhadap respons pelembagaan, dan pengembangan UPPB mengalami kegagalan. Pengembangan UPPB membutuhkan komitmen para pihak untuk menjamin peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya petani karet dan stabilitas bagian harga tinggi yang diterima UPPB melalui kolaborasi pemangku kepentingan yang berkelanjutan.
ZEMPRO/DOPOS: prisilni otkup poljodjelskih proizvoda u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj
Authors: Barić Nikica
Published: December 2023

U prilogu su prikazani neki aspekti djelovanja državnih poduzeća, Državne poslovne središnjice za zemaljske proizvode („Zempro“) i Državne opskrbne poslovne središnjice („Dopos“), koje su vlasti Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH) osnovale kako bi prikupljale, odnosno otkupljivale poljodjelske proizvode potrebne za prehranu stanovništva. Navedena poduzeća djelovala su u nepovoljnim ratnim okolnostima. Postupno je Narodnooslobodilački pokret sa svojom partizanskom vojskom ometao poljoprivrednu proizvodnju i prikupljanje hrane, odnosno kroz svoja tijela narodnih vlasti i sam je poduzimao mjere kako bi poljoprivrednu proizvodnju i hranu osigurao za vlastite potrebe. Glavna područja djelovanja „Zempro“ i „Dopos“ bili su Srijem i Slavonija, kao glavna područja proizvodnje žitarica i drugih poljodjelskih proizvoda. NDH je, putem navedenih poduzeća, seljacima nametala prisilni otkup njihovih poljodjelskih proizvoda, što je, u nepovoljnim ratnim i gospodarskim okolnostima, izazivalo nezadovoljstvo seljaka. Prilog daje određene podatke o odnosima vlasti NDH i seljaka kada je riječ o tom prisilnom otkupu. Na samom kraju priloga dane su i određene usporedbe između prisilnog otkupa na selu tijekom NDH i tijekom prvih godina nove komunističke vlasti.
Baranja, Slavonija i Srijem u nizozemskim i flamanskim putopisima 16. i 17. stoljeća
Authors: Perić Maja
Published: December 2023

Ovo je istraživanje usredotočeno na relativno zanemarene putopise autora iz nizozemskih krajeva iz 16. i 17. stoljeća koji su, da bi došli do svojih odredišta, odlučili putovati rutom koja je vodila kroz Baranju, Slavoniju i Srijem. Zbog porasta broja nizozemskih izaslanika u Osmanskom Carstvu, neki su putopisi tih izaslanika, koji su odabrali ovu nešto manje poznatu rutu, ostali sačuvani. Posebna pažnja pri istraživanju bit će usmjerena na područje Baranje, Slavonije i Srijema, koje se u tom razdoblju smatralo pograničjem Habsburške Monarhije i Osmanskog Carstva. Cilj je istražiti što su putopisci, koji inače nisu bili u izravnom kontaktu s tim područjima, iznosili u svojim dosad malo proučavanim putopisima.
Stefan Štiljanović – od kaštelana do despota i sveca (drugi dio)
Authors: Seletković Petar
Published: December 2023

Rad se bavi pitanjima kulta sv. Stefana Štiljanovića unutar Srpske pravoslavne crkve. Bit će riječi o početku kulta i izložit će se osnovne etape njegovog razvoja. U skladu s navedenim, rad će se, također, baviti i slojevitosću kulta kroz duga razdoblja njegovog razvoja.
Women and socialist cultural heritage: New perspectives of reinterpretation: Introduction
Authors: Simeunovic-Bajic Natasa , Angelova Vyara
Published: December 2023

The issue entitled Women and socialist cultural heritage: new perspectives of
reinterpretation brings five papers and one book review. The issue arose as
a result of the work of the conference held on October 15, 2021, organized
by the Society for Creative Initiatives RE.KreAKTa and supported by the
Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia.
Girls build! Female architects who shaped the modern history of Novi Sad
Authors: Konstantinovic Dragana , Terzic Aleksandra
Published: December 2023

The recovery from the Second World War brought significant changes and the
implementation of socialist ideology in Yugoslavia that went in parallel
with the emancipation of women. This is particularly noticeable in the rise
of women with university education and their enrolment in various
occupations, such as construction engineering and architecture. The
increased interest in pursuing architectural education among women has been
rising since the 1950s, when they already represented 46% of total students
at Belgrade University. The rebuilding of the country meant great urbanistic
and architectural projects, with radical reconstruction and
reconceptualization of cities and public spaces. Young female architects
embraced an opportunity to be equally involved and active in urban
development. Their roles and impacts were diverse: they held positions
within planning institutes, architectural bureaus, and public offices in
urbanism and construction; furthermore, they were responsible engineers at
the construction sites; and they became teachers and educators for the new
generations of architects and civil engineers. They worked individually, in
pairs, and in teams, demonstrating the ability to be actively and equally
involved in the profession in every possible aspect and domain. The research
positions their roles and contributions within the broader framework of the
process of female emancipation in socialist Yugoslavia, focusing on three
remarkable architects engaged in the postwar reconstruction of Novi Sad:
Julka Majtan, Tatjana Vanjifatov Savic, and Milena Djordjevic.
The ambiguities and contradictions of the state-socialist way of women’s emancipation in Hungary (1948-1989). Overview and search for the traces of feminist resistance
Authors: Acsady Judit
Published: December 2023

The literature about the ex-state-socialist countries of Central and Eastern
Europe raised the questions in what way women benefited from the legislation
guaranteeing equal rights and the measures of emancipation during the
decades of state socialism. The authors that also argued after 1990, the
time of the social, economic and political transitions in the region, that
women became the big losers of the changes. The paper aims to reflect on
these examinations of gender relations during the state-socialist period and
point out the contradictory ways of the introduction of women?s emancipation
that led to ambiguous results in the propagated program of gender equality.
Furthermore it discusses in which ways women?s positions remained
subordinated and how the sexist representations of women increased in public
life, the media and culture in Hungary after the 1970?s. A review of the
main findings of earlier research accumulated so far concerning women?s
lifes and gender relations in Hungary during state socialism will be
followed by the question of in what ways these controversies of the system
were articulated by the contemporary oppositional voices. Did the activists
of the dissident Hungarian democratic opposition embrace the ideas of
feminism and women?s issues in their criticism of the one-party system? On
the base of contemporary documents and recent interviews with ex-activists
it will be examined how feminist voices were articulated, yet
controversially marginalized among the dissidents.
The motif of the “lost paradise” in blockbuster films set in the post-apocalypse
Authors: Zakula Sonja , Matic Uros
Published: December 2023

Considering that mythology and storytelling are an integral part of the human experience, in this paper we will take a look at contemporary iterations of certain archetypal myths. While the authors do not espouse the idea that ?science fiction is the mythology of modern society?, we believe that there is something to be said about popular culture as a medium of narrative transmission in post-industrialist society. In this sense, the paper analyses the utilization of origin myths in post-apocalyptic science fiction movies: Waterworld (1995), The Matrix franchise (four installments 1999-2021), Wall-E (2008), the Mad Max franchise (four installments 1979-2015), among others. Common to all of these narratives is that they are set after a global catastrophe that frames the ?Earth before? as a paradise that was lost due to human agency. Some of these narratives also feature a search for the remnants of that lost world (most notably Waterworld and Mad Max: Fury Road), as well as ?lesser? origin myths that pertain to groups of survivors themselves (e.g. Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome). In the context of current debates on the Anthropocene, an era rapidly leading towards a global catastrophe, and following Donna Haraway?s work on storytelling, we believe that the act of telling these stories, and the ways in which they are told is of vital importance if we, as a species, are to survive. Furthermore, post-apocalyptic science fiction offers not only a warning but also possible outcomes exemplified through new, emerging and different naturecultures. These naturecultures range from the emergence of new and better adept bodies of a minority (which triggers stigma), to bodies which are increasingly dependent on other actants, e.g., AI. We argue that within the genre of science fiction these novel postapocalyptic naturecultures are framed as imperfect, and that such framing strengthens the myth of Earth before the apocalypse as a lost paradise. Consequently, posthumanist bodies are seen in a Biblical manner as bodies ?after the Fall?, rather than as bodies which have not only the potential to survive but also to prevent the catastrophe.
The problem of acceleration in the dynamics of a double-link wheeled vehicle with arbitrarily directed periodic excitation
Authors: Mikishanina Evgeniya
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the motion of a nonholonomic mechanical system that consists of two wheeled carriages articulated by a rigid frame. There is a point mass which oscillates at a given angle ?? to the main axis of one of the carriages. As a result, periodic excitation occurs in the system. The equations of motion in quasi-velocities are obtained. Eventually, the dynamics of a double-link wheeled vehicle is modeled by a system that defines a nonautonomous flow on a three-dimensional phase space. The behavior of integral curves at large velocities depending on the angle ?? is investigated. We use the generalized Poincar?e transformation and reduce the original problem to the stability problem for the system with a degenerate linear part. The proof of stability uses the restriction of the system to the central manifold and averaging by normal forms up to order 4. The range of values of ?? for which one of the velocity components increases indefinitely is found and asymptotics for the solutions of the initial dynamical system is determined.
Incidence and Characteristics of the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: V Rosager Emilie , Lærke K Heltø Amalia , U Fox Maule Cathrine , Friis-Hansen Lennart , Petersen Janne , E Nielsen Finn , B Haugaard Steen , Gregersen Rasmus
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a rare and life-threatening complication of diabetes. We aimed to estimate the incidence of HHS and describe the clinical and biomarker profiles of patients with HHS, including subgroups with acidosis and acute kidney injury.

Methods: This nationwide descriptive cohort study used Danish registry data during years 2016–2018 to identify acutely admitted patients fulfilling the hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity criteria of HHS (glucose ≥33 mmol/L and osmolarity (2 x sodium + glucose) ≥320 mmol/L).

Results: We identified 634 patients with a median age of 69 years (Q1;Q3: 58;79) who met the criteria of HHS among 4.80 million inhabitants of age ≥18 years. The incidence rates were 16.5 and 3.9 per 10,000 person-years among persons with known type 1 (n=24,196) and 2 diabetes (n=251,357), respectively. Thirty-two percent of patients with HHS were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Patients were categorized as pure HHS (n=394) and combined HHS and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (n=240). The in-hospital mortality for pure HHS was 17% and 9% for HHS-DKA.

Conclusions: The incidence rate of HHS was higher among patients with type 1 diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes. HHS is a spectrum of hyperglycemic crises and can be divided in pure HHS and HHS-DKA. In one third of the patients, HHS was the debut of their diabetes diagnosis.
Assessment of Glycemic Control by Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Hemoglobin A1c, Fructosamine and Glycated Albumin in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease and Burnt-Out Diabetes
Authors: Y. Kaminski Candice , J. Galindo Rodolfo , E. Navarrete Jose , Zabala Zohyra , Moazzami Bobak , Gerges Amany , G. McCoy Rozalina , Fayfman Maya , Vellanki Priyathama , Idrees Thaer , Peng Limin , E. Umpierrez Guillermo
Published: December 2023

Background. Patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may experience “burnt-out diabetes”, defined as having a HbA1c <6.5% without antidiabetic therapy for >6 months.

Methods. This pilot prospective study assessed glycemic control by continuous glucose monitoring (Dexcom CGM), HbA1c, glycated albumin and fructosamine in patients with burnt-out diabetes (n=20) and without a history of diabetes (n=20).

Results. Patients with burnt-out diabetes had higher CGM-measured daily glucose, lower % time in range 70-180 mg/dL, higher % time above range >250 mg/dL, and longer duration of hyperglycemia >180 mg/dL (hours/day) compared to patients without diabetes (all p<0.01). HbA1c and fructosamine levels were similar; however, patients with burnt-out diabetes had higher levels of glycated albumin than patients without diabetes.

Conclusion. The use of CGM demonstrated that patients with burnt-out diabetes have significant undiagnosed hyperglycemia. CGM and glycated albumin provide better assessment of glycemic control than HbA1c and fructosamine in patients with ESKD.
Ultrashort pulse ablation of printed circuit board materials using a Bessel beam
Authors: Marx Jan , Arthkamp Nikolas , Esen Cemal , Ostendorf Andreas
Published: December 2023

In times of digitalization, multilayer composite materials became central components in an increasing number of application fields. Thus, there is a need for optimization of the cost-intensive and time-consuming processing of multilayer composites. In this contribution, an ultrashort pulse laser-based method is presented for precise and flexible ablation of a printed circuit board base material. Therefore, an 800 nm Gaussian laser beam was transformed into a Bessel beam by an axicon to get a small spot size and an ablation result with a high aspect ratio. The influence of the average laser power, the number of exposure cycles, and the pulse duration on the geometry as well as the surface quality of ablated structures was investigated and compared to Gaussian beam ablation. Furthermore, it is shown that the results can be transferred to microdrilling processes. With the presented method, it was possible to ablate the copper top layer of the printed circuit boards as well as the FR4 layer below with a precisely adjustable depth.
Early metallurgy of Ukraine of the Late 5th – 4th Millennia BC: a Synthesis
Authors: Ivanov Mykyta
Published: December 2023

According to the classical model of the metallurgical raw material supply chain proposed by Eugeniy Chernykh, the Eneolithic and Early Bronze age cultures of Ukraine were completely dependent on imported raw material. It seems that the main supplier of metal, as well as some complete goods during the 5th and 4th Millennia BC, was the ‘Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province (CBMP)’ while during the 3rd Millennium BC, the provision chain was reoriented towards the ‘Circumpontic Metallurgical Province (CMP)’. Yet, new discoveries that were made during the 1990s-2020s indicate the need for the amendment of such a model. This is the aim of the current paper. In the following text, the concept of four Ukrainian local metallurgical provinces and two metalworking foci will be introduced. The typology and dating of the recently discovered metal objects as well as metallurgical tools will be provided. The question of the existence of domestic metallurgical raw material deposits will be discussed.
Following the traces of the earliest Corded Ware in Moravia and steppe elements in its content
Authors: Peška Jaroslav
Published: December 2023

The earliest Corded Ware is very poorly represented in Moravia (several type A, Moravian-type, hammer-axes, settlements with the so-called Wellenleistentöpfe: Olomouc-Slavonín, Horní lán) and the situation is not much better even in the earlier Moravian Corded Ware Culture (MCWC) period (the Palonín settlement, graves at: Dub nad Moravou, Hradisko u Kroměříže, Němetice). Among the local MCWC (over 90%; 2700/2600 2400/2200 calBC) we find a number of components linking this to Eastern Europe both in the burial ritual (grooves around graves, internal construction, burials in the frog position, graves of metallurgists) and in the material content (daggers/razors with a tang, hammer-shaped pins, a beaker decorated with a cord and a fishbone motif) with numerous analogues in the Yamna and Catacombna cultures of the Carpathian, Balkan and northern Pontus. Most surprising is a group of MCWC graves with grooves at the bottom, interpreted as burials on all-wood four-wheeled ceremonial wagons with direct counterparts in the Maikop, Yamna, and Catacombna cultures of eastern Europe.
Barrows in the forest-steppe between the Dniester and Southern Bug, Ukraine. Initial results of comprehensive research
Authors: Szmyt Marzena , Włodarczak Piotr , Hildebrandt-Radke Iwona , Potupchyk Mykhailo , Przybyła Marcin M. , Rud Vitalii , Shelekhan Oleksandr , Szczepanek Anita , Żurkiewicz Danuta , Ławniczak Marcin , Podsiadło Michał
Published: December 2023

The article presents the preliminary results of research by a Polish-Ukrainian team who in 2018-2023 worked on the project of comprehensive exploration of barrows situated in the forest-steppe between the Southern Bug and Dniester in modern Ukraine. There, two major stages of erecting and using barrows were distinguished for the 3rd and 1st millennia BC. Two barrows discussed herein, explored as part of the project, were erected in the second stage. Barrow 3 in Ivanivtsi-Antonivka can be dated to the second half of the 10th – first half of the 8th century BC, whereas Barrow 6 in Sloboda Noskovetska to the late 8th – early 7th century BC. The older one was erected and then used by communities related to the early period of the Chornolis culture. The younger one is at present one of the main pre-Scythian complexes of eastern Podillia. The multi-component set of artefacts deposited under its mound represents a mixture of the Chornolis culture, Basarabi-Şoldăneşti influences and impact of early steppe nomads (Cimmerians?). It illustrates well a complex cultural mosaic found in the forest-steppe between the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers.
Early Bronze Age Pamukli bair barrow near Malomirovo and the problem of east-oriented barrow graves in Upper Thrace
Authors: Alexandrov Stefan , Włodarczak Piotr
Published: December 2023

In 2021, excavations of a barrow were conducted on the Pamukli Bair hill in Malomirovo, Elhovo municipality, Upper Thrace, Bulgaria. These excavations yielded a remarkable discovery – a sequence of graves dating back to the late fourth and third millennium BC. Notably, these findings prominently featured elements of the early Pit-Grave culture, also known as the Yamna culture. However, the commencement of this burial sequence was marked by graves that diverged from the norms of the Yamna culture. These early graves contained individuals interred in a crouched position, with their heads oriented towards the east. Unlike the prevalent use of ochre in the Yamna culture, this type of funeral ritual exhibited a limited presence of ochre. Comparable central graves of this kind have also been documented in other barrows throughout the Middle Tundzha region and various parts of Upper Thrace, particularly in the “Maritsa-Iztok” area. These burials can be dated to the end of the fourth millennium BC and display similarities to both local funeral traditions (Ezero A1) and graves analogous to the Cernavodă/Nizhna Mikhailivka traditions. The horizon of barrow necropolises featuring these distinctive burials is clearly discernible within the Upper Thrace region and seamlessly connects to the horizon of the early Pit-Grave culture.
Tracing the micro processes of the production and use of ceramic vessels and textile products from the Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements of Bilyi Kamin and Krynychky-Ferma (Ukraine)
Authors: Rud Vitalii , Zaitseva Olha , Skrzyniecka Weronika , Kosakivskyi Viktor , Hofmann Robert
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of a collection of ceramic fragments with textile imprints from the Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements of Bilyi Kamin and Krynychky-Ferma, which are situated in modern Ukraine. The analysis involved macroscopic and microscopic examinations as well as use-wear studies, aimed at characterizing traces that provide insights into the production and utilization of ceramic vessels and textile products. A comparison of results with published data from the Trypillia settlements located mainly to the east of the Dnister River was carried out. A preliminary characterization of the shared and distinct characteristics in the development of the economic activities during the Trypillia CI and CII stages (i.e., during 4th millennium BC), was completed.
A Review on Cancer, Cause of Cancer and Treatment: Role of PIK3 Pathway on Cancer
Authors: ML Choudhary
Published: December 2023

The central function of phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) activation in tumour cell biology has urged a sizeable trouble to target PI3K and/ or downstream kinases similar as AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cancer. still, arising clinical data show limited single- agent exertion of impediments targeting PI3K, AKT or mTOR at permitted boluses. One exception is the response to PI3Kδ impediments in habitual lymphocytic leukaemia, where a combination of cell- natural and- foreign conditioning drive efficacity. Then, we review crucial challenges and openings for the clinical development of impediments targeting the PI3K – AKT – mTOR pathway. Through a lesser focus on patient selection, increased understanding of vulnerable modulation and strategic operation of rational combinations, it should be possible to realize the eventuality of this promising class of targeted anticancer agents.
An Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drug Etoricoxib Investigated by Design of Experimentation (DOE) and in Vitro Characterization
Authors: CHT Ramarao
Published: December 2023

The objective studies enhance drug release of etoricoxib by Binders, disintegrant& β- Cyclodextrin. The 2 level factorial designs employing (DOE) Design expert software; 3 independent with 3 central points. The prepared granules and tablets were subjected to flow, physical characteristics and dissolution. The optimized formulation exhibited 4 independent variables Y1 (DR 30), Y2 (DR 60), Y3 (DR 90) Y4 (T50 30), Y5 (DE10). DoE used to find response surface plots, optimization and Desirability and analysis of variance (ANOVA), p <0.005 indicates that the ANOVA of responses (dependent variables) Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4& Y5 is significant. The formulation Fa, formulated employing PVP as binder (factor A) and potato starch as disintegrant (factor B) had the highest drug release rate of 95 % in 1 h. The desirability function was 0.90170 and the predicted and experimental values had strong correlations.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Favipiravir 200 mg Film-Coated Tablet in Healthy Indonesian Volunteers
Authors: P Priyanto
Published: December 2023

This study objective was to determine the bioequivalence of two Favipiravir 200 mg Film-Coated Tablet formulations (test and reference formulation). This study was an open label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequences, crossover study under fasting condition which included 30 healthy Indonesian volunteers. The participants were informed about this study and provided written consent. Subjects were fasted for at least 8 hours before receiving the test and reference drugs. Blood samples were collected at 17 different time points, including prior to drug administration and at various intervals up to 24 hours after drug administration. Favipiravir plasma concentrations were determined using an LC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters calculated, namely the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), are expected to demonstrate bioequivalence. The bioequivalence acceptance range is 80.00%- 125.00% for the 90% confidence interval of the geometric least square means ratio for AUC0-t and Cmax. The mean ± SD values for AUC0-24 and Cmax of the test drug were 15,756.77± 4,773.47 ng·mL-1·hr and 7,237.49 ± 1,441.07 ng/mL, respectively. The mean ± SD values for AUC0-24 and Cmax of the Reference drug were 15,491.62 ± 4,288.43 ng·mL-1·hr and 7,218.51 ± 1,896.11 ng/mL, respectively. The geometric mean ratio of the test drug to the Reference drug (90% CI) was 101.27% (96.89-105.86) for AUC0-24 and 101.22% (96.80-105.84) for Cmax. The results of this study in healthy indonesian volunteers indicate that Favipiravir 200 mg Film-Coated Tablet manufactured by PT Kimia Farma Tbk are bioequivalent to the reference product — Avigan® 200 mg mg Film-Coated Tablet manufactured by Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.
Enhancement of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of Drug Delivery in Sensory Neural Hearing Loss
Authors: PR Bhatt
Published: December 2023

Sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) is a pervasive audiological disorder characterized by damage to the inner ear's hair cells or auditory nerve. Despite extensive research efforts, SNHL treatment remains a challenge due to various barriers, including limited drug penetration into the inner ear and the risk of systemic side effects. This abstract explores the innovative use of nanoparticles in intratympanic drug delivery as a promising solution to overcome these hurdles. Nanoparticles offer a unique platform for drug delivery to the inner ear, enhancing bioavailability and ensuring bioequivalence of therapeutic agents. Through targeted delivery, controlled release, and drug protection, nanoparticles address critical limitations in traditional SNHL treatments. These abstract reviews the barriers to SNHL treatment, the advantages of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, and their potential to revolutionize the management of SNHL. Further research in this field promises to unlock new opportunities for more effective and accessible treatments for SNHL patients
Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Efficacy of Ketoconazole Pharmacosome
Authors: SK Srivastava
Published: December 2023

Pharmacosomes are neutral colloidal, lipid vesicular drug delivery system having both negative & positive charge that enhance the bioavailability of drugs by enhacing their solubility both in aqueous as well as non-aqueous phase, additionally reduce gastrointestinal toxicity of drug. Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative agent which is used both in the treatment of topical or systematic fungal infections with fungi static activity against dermatophytes, yeasts and other pathogenic fungi. Ketoconazole is Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drugs that display pH dependent dissolution and absorption. In this present research work Pharmacosome of Ketoconazole was prepared in different ratios of Ketoconazole-PC complex (1:1, 1:1.5 and1:2) using conventional solvent evaporation method. FT-IR spectra showed no significant untoward interaction, Vesicles shape and morphology was carried out with Phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), In-vitro permeation study and anti-fungal activity were duly examined. Drug content in the formulations (1:1) (1:1.5) and (1:2) were found 92.5%, 94.3% and 89.7% respectively. FT-IR conformed proper formation of drug- Pharmaosome complex. Particle size distribution were found to be regular and of spherical shape. In-vitro permeation study showed 78.03%, 89.05% and 55.27% drug release as per respectively formulations (KTP1, KTP2 and KTP3). Pharmacosomes of ketoconazole show improvement in antifungal activity than ketoconazole (Pure).
HPV Genotype Distribution and Correlation with Age in Women Before and After Leep- Conization and Evaporation in a Single Hospital in Japan
Authors: Niwa Kenji
Published: December 2023

Persistent infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of uterine cervical cancer. Most Japanese women have not been vaccinated. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of HPV genotypes and the relationship between HPV genotype and age in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Japan. Also, we aimed to clarify the HR- HPV clearance and persistence status after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and evaporation. In LEEP and evaporation cases, HPV tests were examined at 1.5 and 6 months later. Of 1070 CINs, 111 were positive for HR-HPV (10.3%). The ratios of HR-HPV and highly progressive HPV in CIN2+ patients in their 20’s and 30’s were significantly higher than those in patients in their 60’s and 70’s. Forty-seven CIN2+ patients were treated with LEEP and evaporation. Twentyseven of these patients (57.4%) were negative for HR-HPV at 1.5 months later and 37 (78.7%) were negative 6 months later. The ratios of HR-HPV in CIN2+ patients in younger patients were significantly higher than those in elder. Adding evaporation to LEEP tended to improve the HPV elimination rate.
Macrophage Polarization in Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Titus Anto Sam Crosslee Louis Sam
Published: December 2023

Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytic cells, which have varied phenotypes and perform diverse intricate functions ranging from inflammation to their role in onset and progression of fibrotic diseases
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Coverage among HIV Positive Pregnant Women Accessing Antenatal Services in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: OI Oni
Published: December 2023

Background: As PMTCT services are being decentralized to primary health centres, it becomes important to understand the disposition of clients at this level to effective coverage and service utilization of its intervention. However despite concerted efforts to scale-up PMTCT interventions in Nigeria, the coverage and uptake of the service by pregnant women remain low. Objective: To determine factors influencing utilization of PMTCT intervention by HIV positive pregnant women assessing ANC services in selected Comprehensive Centres in Ondo State, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Study Area: The study was conducted at the selected Comprehensive Centres, Ondo State Study Population: All consenting HIV positive pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic within the four months (Oct.,2019-Jan.,2020) period of the research Methodology: The data was collected using a structured questionnaire through direct interview of the participants. Results: A total of three hundred and eighty-five (385) HIV-positive pregnant women were recruited in the study at the Antenatal clinic in eight (8) selected Comprehensive Centres in Ondo State. PMTCT service utilization among HIV-positive pregnant women revealed strong association with two independent variables in this study; spouse/partner permission to uptake HCT (OR=3.7, CI=2.3-6.1, p=0.00), disclosure of result to spouse (OR=1.5, CI=0.9-2.3, p=0.00). Predictor of PMTCT intervention in this study was evident among those who practice religion. Women who practice Islamic as a religion recorded lower chances of utilizing the services compare to the Christian. Conclusion: Evidence from this study suggests two significant findings. First is that infants to be born to HIV-positive mothers are more likely to become HIV-positive if they have a mother who has failed to disclose her HIV-positive status, and second is that the socio-demographic profile of the study suggests an important relationship between women taking permission from the spouse to uptake HCT and disclosure of HCT results to their spouse. The success of PMTCT of HIV depends on identifying and integrating effective methods through ANC to address safe disclosure, closing gaps in geographical coverage, accessing and utilization of the services.
Review on Epidemiological Interface of Tuberculosis at Human Livestock Wildlife in Ethiopia
Authors: Mulatu Henok
Published: December 2023

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in Ethiopian cattle. BTB is caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and has economic and public health significance. Which has significant impact on the health of livestock and human. It has been significantly a cause for great economic loss in animal production. Associated risk factors contributed to the prevalence of the disease in cattle and its transmission. Moreover, the majority of cattle owners lack awareness about the disease and its public health significance. The presence of multiple hosts including wild animals, inefficient diagnostic techniques, absence of defined national controls and eradication programs could impede the control of bovine TB. Awareness rising about the disease, its transmission and zoonotic implication however, in Ethiopia Bovine Tuberculosis in Human-Livestock-Wildlife Interface is not well studied in the country and there were no studies concerning the burden of the disease between human, animal and wild life which is of great importance for reduction and control measures. This paper aims to review the potential health and economic impact of bovine tuberculosis control in order to safeguard human and animal population in Ethiopia
Increased Risk of Covid-19 Related Death among Cancer Survivors: A Real-World Data Study
Authors: Shen Jie
Published: December 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has maintained a massive impact on global public health and the economy during pandemic. Increased risk of COVID-19 related death has been reported among cancer survivors. However, due to limited sample size in those studies, to what extent the previous cancer diagnosis may play a role in the determination of COVID-19 related death is still unclear. Using aggregated real-world data extracted from TriNetx electronic medical record data from 34 hospitals around the United States, we intended to fill the gap by assessing the relationship between prior cancer diagnosis in the past 5 years and COVID-19 related death within one month after the diagnosis of virus contraction. Our data showed significant increased COVID-19 related death among cancer survivors. The elevated risk was particularly evident among those who had cancers in respiratory, digestive tract, and blood.
Dealing with Death: A UK Perspective
Authors: Jones Dean
Published: December 2023

There are about half a million deaths in England and Wales annually
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in the Forensic Medicine and its Applications in Medico-Legal Autopsy, Forensic Toxicology, and Disaster Victim Identification
Authors: Parmar Pragnesh
Published: December 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various fields of medicine and science. In the realm of forensic medicine, AI is playing an increasingly significant role, not only in enhancing traditional forensic practices but also in improving the teaching of forensic medicine. This article explores the integration of AI in the teaching of forensic medicine and its applications in medico-legal autopsy, forensic toxicology, and disaster victim identification. By examining current AI technologies and their potential impacts, this article sheds light on the future of forensic medicine education and practice, emphasizing the need for continued research and development in this dynamic field.
The Importance of Research in Forensic Sciences and Digital Forensics in Contemporary Society
Authors: Franco Deivison
Published: December 2023

Dear readers and researchers, It is with great pleasure that, as a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), I share with you some reflections on the significant importance of Forensic Sciences for society and for the elucidation of crimes, with a special emphasis on Digital Forensics in the context of cybercrime investigations.
Symptomatic Adnexal Cyst with Pregnancy – Laparoscopic Management with a Surprise Revelation
Authors: Agrawal Swati
Published: December 2023

Large cystic masses are rare in pregnancy and are usually ovarian cysts [1]. Surgical removal of the cyst can be performed electively in the 2nd trimester or at any time if acute symptoms are present. In this case report, we present the case of a pregnant women who presented with a symptomatic cyst which was reported as an adnexal cyst on imaging. Preoperatively it was found to be arising from the mesentery of the transverse colon. Histopathological examination was consistent with benign mesenteric cyst.
Assessment of Growth Performance and Survival of Clarias gariepinus Larvae Fed with Live Feed (Acartia tonsa) and Commercial Feed (Artemia)
Authors: OMG Abu
Published: December 2023

Investigation was done in the growth performance and survival of catfish larvae using five treatments at the hatchery unit of the Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt. The treatments were T1 (50% Acartia and 50% Artemia) T2 (25 Acartia and 75 Artemia) T3 (75 Acartia and 25 Artemia), T4 (100% Acartia) and control (100% Artemia). They were applied in triplicate. 200 larvae were transferred to 15 experimental tanks after their exogenous feeding, and the application of treatments (feed) started 12 hours after stocking. Feeding was done three times a day at 7am, 1pm and 7pm. At the end of the experiment which lasted for 15 days, control (0.135g±0.173) and T2 had the highest weight gain (0.033g±0.0022) while T4 (0.022g±0.002) had the least. The highest in length gain was in T2 (1.0838cm±0.0578) while T4 (0.906a cm±0.130) had the least. For survival rate control (75.50% ±2.2039) and T2 (75.40%a ±1.250) were the highest while T4 (39.625%a ±3.148) was the least the values for the specific growth rate shows that T2 had the best performance while control had the least. From the research findings Treatment two (25% Acartia and 75% Artemia) and treatment three (
Effects of Climate Change Variability on Physical, Natural and Financial Livelihood Assets of Rural Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: RA Ihenacho
Published: December 2023

The study investigated the effect of climate change variability on the livelihood assets of the rural farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain farmers’ awareness of climate change signs; sources of information on climate change; identify the livelihood activities of respondents and to describe the effect of climate change on the livelihood assets of the farmers. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting a sample size of 120 respondents. Data were collected by use of structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that the major signs of climate change included increased temperature, unpredictable rainfall pattern, drought, flooding, increased precipitation, crop damage and others. The major livelihood activities of the respondents in the study area includes crop farming, poultry farming, fishing and fish farming, trading and livestock rearing. Climate change affects the livelihood of rural people and can be seen in the effects it has on their physical, natural and financial capital. We recommend that rural people be well educated on the issue of climate change and made aware of its various effects so that they can get a good understanding of the concept before devising ways to battle it.
Genetic Resistance to Viruses in Hot Pepper Landraces of Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Elamin Ali
Published: December 2023

Thirty three hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) accessions prefixed (HSD), collected from different regions of Sudan were obtained from the Agricultural Research Corporation (Sudan) gene bank. The accessions were tested for resistance to six viruses TMV P (0) and P (1,2); PVY P (0) and PVY P (1,2); PVMV; TEV; PepMoV and CMV. Hundred seedlings from each accession were mechanically inoculated. Each time the susceptible plants were cut off and the numbers of the resistant plants were determined as percentage. The doubled antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was performed, to verify the presence or absence of the virus in the resistant plants. All tests were done at the pepper laboratory at Montfavet (INRA-France). For TMV p(0) seven accessions showed resistance in the range of 10% to 67% of the plants while for TMV p(1,2) only four accessions showed resistance in the range of 11% to 50%. Four accessions showed resistance to PVY p(0) in the range of 8% and 9% while for PVY p(1,2) only two accessions HSD 1008 and 1040 showed 2% of resistant plants. For PepMov only two accessions HSD 533 and HSD 1201 showed resistance of 10% of the plants. For CMV installation two accessions HSD 1055 and HSD 1032 showed resistance in the range of 24% and 17% respectively. None of the plants resistant to CMV installation were found resistant to CMV migration None of the accessions tested for TEV and PVMV were resistant. Screening this collection of the hot pepper accessions of the gene bank for viruses resistance and their fixation will be useful for breeding resistant hot pepper cultivars.
Current and Future of Plant Breeding Strategies to Cope with Climate Change: A Review
Authors: El Hajj Abdel Kader
Published: December 2023

Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security and agricultural productivity, necessitating the development of climate-resilient crop varieties. This review explores current and future plant breeding strategies aimed at coping with climate change. Various approaches, including traditional and cutting-edge techniques, wild relatives, and climate-informed strategies, have been employed to develop climate-resilient crop varieties. Traits such as heat and drought tolerance, early flowering, and maturation have been bred into varieties to mitigate the impact of changing climate conditions. Genetic mapping has identified genomic regions and candidate genes associated with stress tolerance, enabling the incorporation of stress tolerance alleles into high-yielding genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, advanced techniques such as gene editing, genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, and omics technologies have revolutionized plant breeding for climate adaptation, offering precise and efficient means of introducing desired traits. The integration of these cutting-edge techniques holds immense potential for developing climate-resilient crop varieties. However, challenges related to regulatory frameworks, intellectual property rights, and public acceptance must be addressed for responsible and sustainable adoption. A holistic, multidisciplinary approach that links breeding and climate science is crucial to strengthen adaptation and ensure food security in the face of accelerated climate change. Continued advancements in gene editing, genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, and omics technologies will further enhance breeding efficiency and precision. The future of plant breeding lies in the development of "climate-smart" varieties and cultivation systems resilient to future conditions with a focus on addressing farmer needs and global food security.