bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUSINESS UNITS’ ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND ITS ADAPTIVE PECULIARITIES
Authors: Shelukhina Elena
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to economic sustainability concept and to peculiarities of its application to business units functioning. It`s proving in the work, that combination of interests is a necessary feature in the process of economic sustainability increasing and growth of profit, oriented to formation of capital, considerable for declaring at integrated reporting. The author grounds the necessity of balance microeconomic models usage, based on the identification of tendency of interaction and interdependence in the development of economic, social and environmental processes, happening during business units activities and effective management decisions making in the field of economic sustainability concept development.
METODOLOGICAL BASES OF IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT WITH SIMULATION MODELLING TOOLS
Authors: Chaikovska Maryna
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the problematic aspects of the IT projects’ management and the systematized methodologies and modelling tools of the IT projects’ risk managements. It is proved that the problems of management requirements and team collaboration are critical and require the use of simulation models at all stages of the development in order to reduce the project risks. The author proves the feasibility of using the agent-dynamic modelling approach at different levels of the hierarchy to improve the implementation of the IT projects.
COMBINED ASSURANCE AS AN ELEMENT OF EFFECTIVE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Dmitrenko Maksim
Published: March 2017

This article deals with understanding of combined assurance, its benefits, objectives and models of combined assurance and its implementations. Keywords:
PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF POPULATION
Authors: Radko Victoriya , Matsyura Svitlana , Simshah Iryna
Published: March 2017

The article considers the problem of formation of ecological consciousness of the population of the industrial area.The authors have defined the main objectives and aspects in the context of possible trends of development of ecological consciousness and culture of the population. The study has revealed the factors influencing the ecological condition of modern industrial city.
THE PEDAGOGICAL CONDINIONS FOR PROFSSIONALLY ORIENTED TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF ECONOMIC PROFILE
Authors: Vyshnevska Kira , Kremenchenko Tatyana
Published: March 2017

The article presents the pedagogical conditions for professionally-oriented teaching foreign language defined and substantiated by the authors. It shows that challenges, which modern students face, cause relative transformations in teaching process and provided educational content. The article focuses on comprehensive communicative competence models, formation of positive motivation, interdisciplinary connections, business simulation games and role-playing.
EUROPEAN SOCIAL DIALOGUE, A HIDDEN PHENOMENA OF THE INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE IN EUROPE
Authors: Buchner Lutz Michael , Ilieva Liubov
Published: March 2017

Talking about intercultural dialogue in Europe we think about the dialogue between the actors within the European Union and/or between its people. The intercultural side of the European social dialogue as it is established in the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) does not automatically come in our minds. If we consider however that the actors of the social dialogue are coming from different industrial relations schemes, that the national social dialogue within the EU member states have its own specific character a look on the cross-border social dialogue is worthwhile. Not only on a national level but on the European stage social dialogue plays an important role in forming a European labour law within the European Common Market. This particular niche of intercultural dialogue in Europe the article is dedicated to. Within the cross-boarder social dialogue, different systems collide which is a challenge as such. As far as the bipartite and tripartite social dialogue is concerned it is already difficult enough to bring together the different approaches of the national cultures. And it is evident that it is a huge challenge on the corporate level, where workers of different companies of different countries meet each other, obliged to come to common results concerning the information and consultation rights given to the European Works Councils (EWC) by law. This phenomena is to be found in all transnational European companies, namely in those with EWC but also in companies with a specific European legal form such as in the Societas Europaea (SE) where we find works councils and supervisory boards with members from all countries concerned.
THE PROBLEM OF ELECTION ADMINISTRATION PROFESSIONALIZATION IN MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Orlov Valentyn
Published: March 2017

The crisis of confidence in the authorities in Ukraine is largely caused by the lack of public confidence in the bodies performing public functions. Especially, it is true for election process which accumulates problems of political choice and legitimacy. In most cases, voters’ disbelief in the election results and fair ballot is caused by non-prefessionalism of election commissions. Since the elections in Ukraine have become a permanent phenomenon, there is a contradiction between the nature of the authorities of the election commissions and lack of professionalism of the members of these commissions which otherwise would facilitate the strict observance of electoral procedures and rules. This institutional problem of the current political spheres of society leads to negative trends in political life. Meanwhile elections at all levels are characterized by the experience of Ukrainian citizens of elections participation to seek earnings during campaigns. Commercialization of the election process creates the phenomenon where political power delegated to the election commissions as collegiate bodies performing public functions to legitimize power, is executed by not professionals but politically loyal mercenaries who stand not for compliance with election law but for earnings. The solution is seen in as wide as possible professionalization of election commissions of all levels. This will improve the system of election administration, increase public confidence in the election results and eliminate the tendency to commercialize the process.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE EVALUATION CRITERIA OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: Smyrnov Ievgen , Smyrnova Olga
Published: March 2017

The article investigated some aspects of global problems and their impact on energy efficiency in Ukraine, as a key KPI- factor in the financial and economic analysis of a company.
INTRODUCTION DIRECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES INTO DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Lezhnenko Lyudmyla , Karabaza Iryna
Published: March 2017

The review of logistics priorities of the current assets’ flow management has been done. The prior directions of the current assets’ management have been determined. The algorithm of the quality control has been offered for the control purpose of material supplies’ quality. The algorithm of control over the liquidity of the residue stocks at the warehouse has been offered too.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP RISKS AND POSIBILITIES IN CONDITIONS OF THE UP-TO-DATE ECONOMICADVANCEMENT
Authors: Suriak Alla , Burunova Olena
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to the study of the public-private partnershippossibilities to achieve the system of goals as well as risks in the implementation of the public-private partnership because of their classification. Theempowerment effective ways through reducing and preventing risks are proposed herein too.
STUDY OF FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE INTERACTION IN THE CHAIN "HEI – EMPLOYER"
Authors: Shaikan Andrii , Sahaidak Mykhailo
Published: March 2017

The study has proved that the higher education institutions of Ukraine, which carry out training of qualified specialists for all sectors of the economy, are not full players in the labor market. Lack of coordination and cooperation between employers and HEIs leads to the formation of an inefficient model of competences of future specialists and makes it impossible for them to quickly adapt to the business processes of the enterprise.The article substantiates the expediency of introducing dual education and competence-based learning while training specialists in the national HEIs and using affiliate marketing tools for building effective interaction between higher education institutions and employers.
Lapselle suunnatun puheen piirteet ja niiden yhteys sanaston kehitykseen 24 ja 30 kuukauden iässä
Authors: Paavola-Ruotsalainen Leila , Kemppainen Heta , Luopajärvi Beda
Published: March 2017

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin äitien ja 2-vuotiaiden lasten (N = 12) vapaita leikkitilanteita, joista analysoitiin lapselle suunnatun puheen piirteitä. Lapselle suunnatusta puheesta poimittiin responsiiviset ja ohjailevat ilmaukset sekä nimeämiset, laajennokset ja kielentämiset. Sen jälkeen tarkasteltiin kaikkien analysoitujen ilmaisutyyppien yhteyksiä toisiinsa. Lisäksi tutkittiin ilmaisutyyppien ja kahdessa ikäpisteessä, 24 ja 30 kuukauden iässä, mitatun lapsen sanaston tason välisiä yhteyksiä. Äitien ilmausten määrässä havaittiin paljon yksilöllistä vaihtelua. Ilmausten määrä korreloi positiivisesti responsiivisten ja kielentävien ilmausten määrään. Lisäksi responsiiviset ilmaukset korreloivat negatiivisesti sellaisten ohjailevien ilmausten kanssa, jotka suuntasivat lapsen huomiota uudelleen. Lapsen sanaston tason kannalta merkittävimmäksi äidin ilmaisutyypiksi nousivat laajennokset, joiden määrä korreloi positiivisesti myös responsiivisten ilmausten määrän kanssa. Nämä löydökset on hyvä huomioida puheterapeutin vastaanotolla, kun ohjataan puheen kehityksessä viivästyneen noin 2–3-vuotiaan lapsen vanhempia. Lapselle suunnatun puheen laadun ja sanaston kehityksen välistä yhteyttä on syytä tutkia lisää suuremmalla otoskoolla ja ottamalla huomioon vielä muitakin lapselle suunnatun puheen piirteitä.
Englannin kielen vaikutuksia kuusivuotiaiden suomea ja englantia omaksuvien lasten sammakkotarinoissa
Authors: Alantie Sonja , Korpijaakko-Huuhka Anna-Maija , Rantala Leena
Published: March 2017

Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin 11:n varhaisesti kaksikielisen 6-vuotiaan lapsen kielenkäyttöä suomeksi tuotetussa kuvakirjakerronnassa. Kaikkien lasten kotikieli oli suomi, minkä lisäksi he olivat omaksuneet englantia 0–4 vuoden iästä lähtien. Kertomuksista poimittujen epätyypillisten ilmaisujen avulla selvitettiin, miten englannin kielen omaksuminen mahdollisesti heijastui lasten kielellisiin valintoihin ja millaisia lasten ilmaisut olivat verrattuina yksikielisten ikäverrokeiden (n = 10) ja vuotta nuorempien lasten (n = 12) ilmaisuihin. Lähes kaikki kaksikieliset lapset tuottivat jonkunlaisia epätyypillisiä ilmaisuja. Laatunsa perusteella ne pystyttiin jakamaan pääasiassa 1) englannin kielen vaikutuksesta johtuviin ja 2) suomen kielen omaksumiseen liittyviin. Kielten väliseen vaikutukseen liittyvien havaintojen perusteella kaksikieliset lapset tuottivat osittain hyvin erilaisia ilmaisuja kuin yksikieliset lapset, ja suomen kielen normista poikkeavia ilmaisuja esiintyi kaikkiaan hieman useammalla kaksikielisellä kuin yksikielisellä lapsella. Jotkin kaksikielisten lasten suomen kielen omaksumiseen liittyvät epätyypilliset ilmaisut sen sijaan muistuttivat heitä vuotta nuorempien verrokkilasten valintoja. Tulosten pohdinta nosti esille, että tutkimusympäristö ja tutkimuskäytänteet saattavat vaikuttaa kielen siirtymisherkkyyteen, mikä kannattaa ottaa kliinisessä työssä huomioon.
Black fly (Diptera:Simuliidae) larvae body size variation along an altitude gradient in the Itatiaia National Park, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Biange Maria Cezário de , Wainfas Raquel Leite , Rodrigues Tayanna , Berbert Lidiane Coelho , Franklin Thaiane , Sousa Ivyn Karla Lima de , Figueiró Ronaldo
Published: March 2017

According to Bergmann’s Rule, individuals who inhabit higher altitudes tend to be larger in body mass or size, when compared with individuals of the same taxon who inhabit lower altitude places. Black flies are insects of great medical and veterinary importance due to its blood-sucking habit, becoming subject of studies regarding its bionomics, ecology and taxonomy. Studies approaching the influence of the altitude gradient in the morphology of Diptera: Simuliidae larvae are scarce in the literature, therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of altitude gradient in the morphology of Diptera: Simullidae larvae in Itatiaia National Park, RJ, and thus verify if Bergmann’s Rule is applicable to these organisms. Black fly larvae were sampled from four sites during periods of March and May 2013. From each site 30 larvae were measured, and these lengths were later compared between sites using Kruskal-Wallis, which showed a significant difference (P<.05) among sites from lower altitudes in relation to those of higher elevations, what was corroborated using a cluster analysis. The altitude was related to larval size using a linear regression, showing a positive correlation between these variables, thus corroborating Bergmann’s rule for Black flies.
Blocking Probability in Pipeline Forwarding Networks
Authors: Baldi Mario , Vesco Andrea
Published: March 2017

As multimedia communications continue to grow steadily on the Internet, pipeline forwarding (PF) of packets provides a scalable solution for engineering delay-sensitive traffic while guaranteeing deterministic Quality of Service (QoS) with high resource utilization. In PF networks resource reservation, while ensuring deterministic QoS on a per-flow basis, can result in a not null blocking probability. A reservation request may fails due to enough resources being available but not during the proper time frames. This work analyses blocking probability of reservation requests since it affects the capability of utilizing network resources to carry traffic with deterministic QoS. The blocking probability and, consequently, the achievable network utilization are analytically derived on general topology PF networks as function of the traffic intensity given the traffic matrix and the network routing. The correctness of the blocking models is also assessed by simulation in different scenarios. This work represent a valuable contribution over previous analytical models of the blocking probability as their application to real size scenarios is impractical due to their computation complexity.
No Communication Nodes Synchronization for a Low Power Consumption MAC Protocol in WSN based on IR-UWB
Authors: Darif Anouar , Saadane Rachid , Aboutajdine Driss
Published: March 2017

Synchronization is an important issue in multi hops Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Such networks are known by their limited resources of energy, storage, computation, and bandwidth. In addition if the networks entities are deployed with high density, it makes the synchronization mandatory for these networks. Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) technology is a promising solution for this kind of networks due to its various advantages such as its robustness to severe multipath fading even in indoor environments, its low cost, low complexity, and low power consumption. To exploit the specific features of this technology, we need a convenient MAC protocol. WideMac was presented as a new low power consumption MAC protocol designed for WSN using IR-UWB transceivers. Because of the luck of synchronization in this protocol, this paper presents a solution for the synchronization problem especially in the case of no communication between the Network’s nodes. To implement and evaluate the proposed synchronization mechanism, we used MiXiM platform under OMNet++ Simulator.
Performance Evaluation of a Novel Animals Tracking System based on UHF RFID Technology
Authors: Catarinucci Luca , Patrono Luigi
Published: March 2017

The adoption of solutions based on Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a wide range of contexts is a matter of fact. In many situations, such as the tracking of small-size living animals, the straightforward use of commercial systems does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both the RFID hardware and the software control platform should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, the specific requirements of Near Field Ultra High Frequency RFID reader antennas suitable for small-size animal localization and tracking are identified and a control system in a LabVIEW environment is designed. Afterwards, both hardware and software solutions have been implemented and validated. In particular, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication, in order to obtain precise localization data, was developed and validated. Finally, the set-up of a first working prototype involving built-in-lab reader antennas has been completed and tested. The achieved results prove the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.
An information-centric and REST-based approach for EPC Information Services
Authors: Paganelli Federica , Turchi Stefano , Bianchi Lorenzo , Ciofi Lucia , Pettenati Maria Chiara , Pirri Franco , Giuli Dino
Published: March 2017

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) techniques are considered relevant building blocks for the Internet of Things. The interoperability across different RFID software and hardware infrastructures is a key requirement for achieving effective and wide-scale Internet of Thing deployments. In this context, the EPC Information Service (EPCIS) is a set of standard specifications for sharing RFID-related data (i.e., EPC events) both within and across enterprises. Although the EPCIS specifies a set of HTTP and Web Service interfaces for querying and adding EPC events, interoperability and easiness of use is hindered by the fact that client applications should be aware of the repositories that are authoritative for one or more given queries and links among related events are not explicitly represented in response messages. In this paper we argue that, by leveraging emerging REST and Linked Data paradigms, EPC events can be handled as a graph of globally-addressable information resources that can be navigated, queried, and aggregated through a uniform interface and seamlessly across organization domains. To validate this approach, we have developed a prototype that exposes the EPCIS interfaces as a set of REST APIs. The prototype implementation exploits the information modeling and management capabilities provided by a framework, called InterDataNet (IDN), that we conceived and developed to ease the realization of the Web of Data and Linked Data applications.
An Efficient and Private Authentication Protocol for RFID Systems
Authors: Kardas Suleyman , Celik Serkan , Sariyuce Mehmet , Levi Albert
Published: March 2017

Radio Frequency IDentification based systems are getting pervasively deployed in many real-life applications in various settings for identification and authentication of remote objects. However, the messages that are transmitted over a insecure channel, are vulnerable to security and privacy concerns such as data privacy, location privacy of tag owner and etc. Recently, Yeh et al.’s proposed a RFID authentication protocol based on quadratic residue which is claimed to provide location privacy and prevent possible attacks. In this paper, we formally analyzed the protocol and we proved that the protocol provides destructive privacy according to Vaudenay privacy model. Moreover, we proposed a unilateral authentication protocol and we prove that our protocol satisfies higher privacy level such as narrow strong privacy. Besides, we proposed an enhanced version of our proposed protocol, which has same privacy level as Yeh et al.’s protocol, but has reader authentication against stronger adversaries. Furthermore, the enhanced version of our protocol uses smaller number of cryptographic operations when comparedto Yeh et al.’s protocol and it is also cost efficient at the server and tag side and requires O(1) complexity to identify a RFID tag.
A Simulation Platform for Evaluating RFID and WSN’s Energy Efficiencies
Authors: Nasir Adnan , Soong Boon Hee
Published: March 2017

Advances in the wireless, RFID and sensor technologies has given rise to a plethora of diverse WSN motes that can be used in association with numerous applications. Experimenting with new MAC algorithms and various functionalities on a real sensor network to obtain energy efficiency is both time consuming and expensive especially when these different mote platforms are deployed in one application. Generally Simulators are used to approximate the performance of MAC protocols. Out of the numerous simulators available, none can simulate the energy efficiencies given different types of motes and environments in one application. Hence, the need of a simulation platform for a mix deployment of different types of WSNs and RFIDs is felt to access application performance requirements while curtailing energy consumption to enhance application lifetime. In this paper, we presents an extension of our effort EnergySim [1], which is a simulation platform developed dedicatedly for evaluating energy efficiencies. In this paper we have discussed the simulation modes, methodology and architecture of our proposed simulator with some future extensions presented at the end of the paper.
Desafios e avanços na governança das águas: apontamentos da literatura sobre a gestão descentralizada de recursos hídricos no Brasil
Authors: Espinoza Rodrigo De Freitas
Published: March 2017

O debate sobre os recursos hídricos no Brasil tem se consolidado como um tema relevante para as ciências sociais. Ao longo das últimas décadas a gestão descentralizada das águas e a inclusão da sociedade civil nas arenas de decisão sobre os recursos hídricos reconfiguraram o modelo de gestão em escala nacional. Uma série de reflexões tem acompanhado este processo e neste artigo foram selecionadas algumas investigações elaboradas que dialogam com a abordagem sociológica. Buscou-se realizar uma breve contextualização histórica sobre a gestão dos recursos hídricos no país, descrevendo os principais elementos que caracterizam o modelo atual. Em seguida, foram expostos alguns trabalhos de diversos autores e autoras que se dedicaram à análise da estrutura descentralizada da governança das águas no Brasil. Esta apresentação identificou alguns dos temas em pauta presentes no debate sobre esta forma de gestão a partir de uma identificação das principais perspectivas de análise encontradas. A partir da análise desses trabalhos, concluiu-se que embora tal processo possa ser visto por muitos como um avanço para uma maior democratização, críticas bem-estruturadas podem contribuir para o seu avanço. O debate se mostra abrangente e impulsiona o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas.
Editorial
Authors: Creado Eliana , Losekann Cristiana , Araújo Paulo Magalhães
Published: March 2017

Editorial Cadecs
Liberalismo e Multiculturalismo: debates em torno do indivíduo
Authors: Martins Joyce Miranda Leão
Published: March 2017

O artigo analisa a concepção de indivíduo que aparece na obra Uma Teoria da Justiça (2008), de John Rawls, e no texto Política de Reconhecimento (1994), de Charles Taylor. Estudado e pensado pela filosofia, em geral, o indivíduo emerge na teoria política como importante ponto de partida para a reflexão dos direitos, da justa organização da vida social e do papel do Estado. Desse modo, compreender o “self” se torna uma preocupação, também, para os estudiosos da política. Neste trabalho, vai se discorrer sobre o embate entre o “eu” que existe antes do social  versus o “eu” que só pode existir com e partir dos outros. Pretende-se, aqui, demonstrar a compreensão do “eu” por liberais igualitários e por multiculturalistas, observando como essas noções sobre o ser particular foram responsáveis pelas distintas visões de organização estatal, bem como pelas diferentes concepções de justiça.
Uma análise do YouTube a partir do Canal Porta Fundos
Authors: Rodrigues Ariane , Neuenfeldt Adriano , Almeida Lia Heberlê
Published: March 2017

Nos últimos tempos, ampliou-se o acesso à internet e, com isso, o consumo de vídeos online, comportamento esse que carece de pesquisas que abarquem desde a produção dos vídeos até o consumo dos mesmos. Neste trabalho, busca-se refletir sobre uma produção viral, o vídeo “Na lata”, disponibilizado pelo Canal Porta dos Fundos no Youtube. Para tal, inicialmente faz-se um apanhado sobre os estudos já desenvolvidos sobre o YouTube, para depois analisar o vídeo em questão. A análise aponta para a produção criativa de vídeos, que permitem uma cultura de participação tanto do produtor quanto do consumidor de tais mídias, na mesma medida em que extrapola os limites do site. Neste contexto, também nota-se a referência a produtos culturais diversos, sejam eles publicitários ou não, que adentram o universo dos vídeos, bem como de preconceitos e estereótipos; esses  fazem tanto  a crítica quanto promovem o próprio discurso estereotipado, sem, no entanto, que isto seja intencional por parte dos produtores.
Informações técnicas
Authors: PGCS Cadecs
Published: March 2017

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Acerca do olhar do outro, ou sobre “tratadores” e animais em cativeiro - Por uma etnografia no “zoo” em contexto urbano (Belém - PA)
Authors: Silveira Flávio Leonel Abreu da , Silva Matheus Henrique Pereira da
Published: March 2017

O artigo propõe uma discussão sobre as socialidades produzidas no Bosque Rodrigues Alves, na cidade de Belém (PA), a partir das relações interespecíficas experienciadas por profissionais nomeados “tratadores” e os não-humanos (animais em cativeiro), investigando as interações efetuadas naquela paisagem urbana. A questão do olhar, mais especificamente da troca de olhares entre ambos, conduz-nos a reflexões que apontam para o deslocamento da perspectiva e das atitudes em relação aos não-humanos, considerando as suas agências. Nestes termos, busca-se, mediante o acompanhamento dos jogos de aproximações e de distanciamentos diários dos humanos (tratadores), em seus itinerários pelo zoo, observar as práticas de cuidado e conservação da fauna que compõem as relações com o acervo de espécies em cativeiro.
Entre o real e o representado: um debate na história dos animais
Authors: Osório Andréa
Published: March 2017

A história dos animais é um campo recente que vem sofrendo um progressivo incremento. Na primeira produção da área, o enfoque estava nas representações animais. Num segundo momento, o chamado animal “real” começou a ser incorporado às narrativas. É nesse momento que se observa a centralidade da agência animal, amparada tanto por teorias sociológicas quanto pela incorporação da etologia de viés naturalista. O ensaio faz uma revisão bibliográfica destes dois momentos, apontando para as implicações de se incluir relatos etológicos como fontes para a escrita da história, entre elas, a questão da representação nos relatos científicos e a da reiteração de uma divisão entre ciências naturais e humanas (ou sociais) e os animais como seres naturais.
Quando humanos e não-humanos compõem uma audiência pública: o uso de embriões para produção de células-tronco embrionárias
Authors: Rocha Israel Jesus
Published: March 2017

O modo como humanos e não-humanos estabilizam redes heterogêneas, produzindo efeitos tais como sociedade, organizações ou agentes é uma das questões mais interessantes colocadas pela Teoria-ator-rede. A partir de dados de uma audiência pública sobre a constitucionalidade do artigo 5 da lei de biossegurança, este texto propõe uma discussão sobre a emergência das articulações entre humanos e não-humanos numa controvérsia envolvendo o uso de embriões para produção de células-tronco (CTs). Do ponto de vista metodológico, considera-se as exposições dos cientistas envolvidos na audiência, e, a partir dos relatos, desenvolve-se uma análise dos modos como agências não-humanas podem ser evidenciadas seguindo os traços de suas associações com os humanos que são desdobrados a partir das performances dos cientistas na audiência pública.
Um antropólogo debaixo d’água: Paisagens Sonoras Imersivas, Ciborgues Submarinos e Etnografia Transdutora
Authors: Helmreich Stefan
Published: March 2017

Este artigo fornece um relato antropológico em primeira pessoa sobre um mergulho no fundo do mar no submersível da Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) que comporta três pessoas, o Alvin. Analiso múltiplos significados de imersão: afundamento em líquido, absorção em alguma atividade e entrada compreensiva de um antropólogo em um meio cultural. Inteirando-me dos ritmos do que chamo de ciborgue submarino, “fazendo antropologia em som” (FELD e BRENNEIS, 2004), mostro como paisagens sonoras interiores e exteriores criam uma sensação de imersão e argumento que uma etnografia transdutora pode explicitar as estruturas técnicas e práticas sociais de sondagem, de audição e escuta que suportam essa sensação de presença sônica.
O sonho de um tolstoiano: João Penteado e a Escola Moderna de São Paulo (1912-1919)
Authors: Castro Rogério Cunha de
Published: March 2017

Defensor do pacifismo e do internacionalismo da classe trabalhadora, João Penteado granjeou a admiração dos meios operários redigindo artigos e palestrando pelo interior de São Paulo. Assim, uma vez conduzido à direção da Escola Moderna, deu consequência às resoluções do Congresso Operário de 1906, recolhendo junto aos sindicatos os recursos necessários à manutenção do seu “ninho de liberdade”. Nesse sentido, tanto colaborou para que os organismos de classe ultrapassassem suas lutas mais imediatas quanto favoreceu a introdução da luta de classes no currículo escolar. Nessa perspectiva, os estudantes deveriam, conforme seus meios e suas necessidades, contribuir com o processo de emancipação da classe, desenvolvendo as habilidades necessárias ao florescimento de uma sociedade inspirada pelos princípios do mutualismo e da ação direta. Convicto de que adultos comprometidos com a coletividade resultam do ambiente vivenciado durante a infância, João Penteado insistiu na substituição da disciplina pelo livre acordo, envidando esforços para que cada estudante se tornasse o principal mestre de si.
A Escola Normal Júlia Kubitschek: percurso e memória de uma pesquisa de alunos e alunas de pedagogia
Authors: Faria Lia , Braga Rosa Maria Souza
Published: March 2017

Narra-se o percurso na disciplina de Pesquisa e Prática Pedagógica: Ciências Sociais e Educação (PPP), com alunos de graduação em Pedagogia. A disciplina tem como objetivos desenvolver os modos de ler, discutir, estudar e sistematizar o conhecimento; exercícios de escrita autônoma, participação em jornada ou outro tipo de encontro; participação em atividades culturais e múltiplas. Privilegiou-se a realização de uma pesquisa amparada na categoria de memória, que se propôs a investigar a trajetória dos professores e demais funcionários do Colégio Estadual Júlia Kubitschek, localizada no Centro da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Reunimos os resultados a que chegaram os graduandos, que também se dedicaram à preservação da história institucional, podendo contribuir para o campo historiográfico.
Elpídio Pimentel e o anúncio de uma educação especial no ano de 1923 no Espírito Santo
Authors: Monticelli Fernanda Ferreyro
Published: March 2017

O texto inclina-se sobre o manual pedagógico Postillas Pedagógicas, especificamente na parte que versa sobre o ensino primário especial ou ortofrênico, termos utilizados por Elpídio Pimentel para referir-se ao ensino dos subnormais escolares (na atualidade, alunos com deficiência). Objetiva-se compartilhar as primeiras traduções feitas para a sociedade espírito-santense no período da Primeira República a respeito dos conhecimentos do centro europeu sobre a educação especial. O aporte teórico deste estudo se embasa em Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2008). O estudo adota a abordagem histórica e utiliza como principal ferramenta metodológica a análise bibliográfica com suporte no manual didático citado, além de análise documental, por meio dos relatórios de presidentes de estado. A socialização de uma parte do manual didático relativo à história da educação especial traduz um dos primeiros materiais impressos com linguagem dirigida aos educadores sobre aqueles que, até então, habitavam a esfera da invisibilidade no espaço escolar. Nesse aspecto, as palavras de Elpídio Pimentel expressam atitude de vanguarda ao apontar para o ingresso de novas identidades na educação.
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Authors: Caderno Eletrônico de Ciências Sociais Cadecs
Published: March 2017

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X-Ray Diffraction and its Possibilities and Application to Monitor Functional Properties of Components
Authors: Zaušková Lucia , Czán Andrej , Holubják Jozef
Published: March 2017

This article deals with the issue of residual stress analysis in surface and subsurface layers in parts from progressive or hard-to-machine materials made by precise technologies. Measurements was executed by iXRD diffractometry device designed for residual stress and phase structures detection.
Experimental Analysis of the Austenitic Phase in Steels by the Application of X-Ray Diffractometry
Authors: Piesova Marianna , Czan Andrej , Sajgalik Michal , Czanova Tatiana , Cep Robert
Published: March 2017

Uniform austenite remaining in the microstructure of the martensitic transformation is called the residual austenite. It is undesirable structure in components, due to its slow decay causes dimensional instability in these components and reducing the hardness. There is a change in volume and it generate internal stress which often appear as cracks. The residual austenite is highly undesirable component in the molded parts, as well as the production of gears and bearing components. The article deals with quantification of residual austenite in steels by using the Average peak method by X-ray diffraction. This method applies four separate peaks to determine the amount of austenite.
Gender and trust in medicine: Vulnerabilities, abuses, and remedies
Authors: Rogers Wendy , Ballantyne Angela
Published: March 2017

Trust is taken to be one of the foundational values in the doctor–patient relationship, facilitating access to the benefits of health care and providing a guarantee against possible harms. Despite this foundational role, some doctors betray the trust of their patients. Trusting involves granting discretionary powers and makes the truster vulnerable to the trustee. Patients trust medical practitioners to act with goodwill and to act competently. Some patients carry pre-existing vulnerabilities, for reasons such as gender, poverty, age, ethnicity, or disability, and these vulnerabilities can be exacerbated when such patients extend their trust to a doctor. Gender stereotypes reduce women’s ability to challenge and thereby assess their doctor’s competency. In addition, women are more likely to be distrusted by their doctors and have their experiences of medical symptoms discounted. In this paper, we analyze two extreme examples of breaches of medical trust that exploited the vulnerability of women in the health care system: the “unfortunate experiment” at the National Women’s Hospital in New Zealand and the Harold Shipman murders of elderly patients in the United Kingdom, examining the potential role of gender in the outcomes with regard to trust. Major breaches of medical trust such as these typically lead to government inquiries, revisions of ethical guidelines, and substantive policy change in an effort to re-establish public and patient trust. We argue that the medical profession has an ethical obligation to put mechanisms in place to protect vulnerable patients from abuses of trust, to monitor colleagues’ competence, and to be prepared to blow the whistle to protect patients who are not in a position to recognize misplaced trust. Such mechanisms will act disproportionately to reduce harm to women as patients.
Ova donation for stem cell research: An international perspective
Authors: Dickenson Donna , Idiakez Itziar Alkorta
Published: March 2017

Should clinicians ask women to donate or even sell their eggs for stem cell research? Enucleated ova are crucial in somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies, but risky for women’s health. Until comparatively recently, very few commentators debated the ethical issues in egg donation and sale, concentrating on the embryo’s status. The unmasking of Hwang Woo Suk, who used over 2,200 ova in his fraudulent research, has finally brought the question of ova donation and sale into prominence. In this article we offer an international comparison of recent responses to this crucial question and suggest that the levels of risk are too imprecise to enable women to give meaningful informed consent for egg extraction. What we do know of the risks also indicates that they are too high and that potential donors or sellers are not being fully informed of their extent, raising disturbing ethical issues concerning commodification, deception, coercion, and exploitation.
Elucidating the concept of vulnerability: Layers not labels
Authors: Luna Florencia
Published: March 2017

In this article I examine several criticisms of the concept of vulnerability. Rather than rejecting the concept, however, I argue that a sufficiently rich understanding of vulnerability is essential to bioethics. The challenges of international research in developing countries require an understanding of how new vulnerabilities arise from conditions of economic, social and political exclusion. A serious shortcoming of current conceptions of vulnerability in research ethics is the tendency to treat vulnerability as a label fixed on a particular subpopulation. My paper examines the role of this “label” metaphor in current statements of research ethics. In contrast to this prevailing “label” metaphor, my own positive account of vulnerability develops a dynamic way of understanding the structure of the concept of vulnerability based on the idea of “layers of vulnerability.” I examine several cases involving women, as they are sometimes labeled as a vulnerable population and sometimes not. My analysis demonstrates the essential role of this revised concept of vulnerability in bioethics and research ethics.
Triangulating care
Authors: Lanoix Monique
Published: March 2017

The goal of this paper is to highlight the manner in which custodial care is structured by the environment in which it takes place. For this, I analyze how formal service providers respond to custodial care needs in two locations, in the home and within long-term care facilities. While relying on an apparent objective measure of the care receiver’s needs, the formal response to care is shaped both by the location in which caregiving takes place as well as by the availability of unpaid caregivers. I argue that a better understanding of custodial care would be that of a relational activity that takes into account the environment and the actors involved in the care relationship.
Nothing beyond the able mother? A queer-crip perspective on notions of the reproductive subject in German feminist bioethics
Authors: Kalender Ute
Published: March 2017

This essay examines dominant notions of reproductive identity in feminist bioethics from a queer-crip perspective by considering the “reproductive situation” in Germany of people who are classified as disabled and people who are classified as queer. I analyze the ways in which such people are excluded from the understandings of reproductive identity that figure prominently in German feminist bioethics, and argue that feminist bioethics in Germany, which has become a well-established part of important bioethical institutions, reflects many, if not most, of the neo-eugenic developments that characterize more recognizably mainstream bioethics. I also show that (German) feminist bioethics (like its more recognizably mainstream counterpart) constitutes the reproductive subject as nondisabled, intelligibly gendered, and heterosexual.
Responding to vulnerability: The case of injection drug use
Authors: Ben-Ishai Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

This article examines the case of Insite, North America’s only supervised injection facility, to consider the relationship between dependence, relational autonomy, and vulnerability. At state-funded Insite, users inject illicit drugs under medical supervision. By conceiving of Insite as a health-care facility and addiction as disease, advocates evoke a shared sense of vulnerability among the nonusing public and users, garnering considerable support for the site. Through Insite, the state responds to vulnerability by reshaping the meaning of dependence and conferring recognition upon users, in turn fostering users’ autonomy. However, the medicalized discourse surrounding Insite may obscure drug users’ vulnerabilities emerging not from “disease,” but from stigma and criminalization. Vulnerability analysis must emphasize not merely a naturalized conception of vulnerability, but the socially constructed nature of human beings’ experiences of vulnerability.
On flying to ethics conferences: Climate change and moral responsiveness
Authors: Dwyer James
Published: March 2017

Last year, I flew to two bioethics conferences, one in Europe and one in North America. These were good things to do, or so I thought. But I worry that flying and other activities are contributing to climate changes that will affect the health of vulnerable people, the life prospects of future generations, and the balance of the natural world. Thus, in this paper, I consider how I should respond. To begin, I describe briefly how climate change will impact human health. Then I note how climate change raises issues about justice. But I focus on issues about moral responsibility and responsiveness.
Private talk: Testimony, evidence, and the practice of anonymization in research
Authors: Berkhout Suze G.
Published: March 2017

Anonymity is accepted as necessary for the generation of empirical knowledge concerning human research participants, especially for members of “vulnerable” groups. In particular, anonymity has been given a role in easing the challenges of giving voice to experiences that disrupt familiar and convenient paradigms of knowledge. This paper troubles such a notion, on the grounds that anonymity may undermine the acceptance of such experiences as evidence and reinforce the kind of epistemic politics that treats some assertions as incontrovertible, while silencing others. An uncritical acceptance of anonymity generates concerns about representation, voice, and authorship in research, particularly amongst disadvantaged communities.
Vulnerability and exploitation in a globalized world
Authors: Mitra Agomoni Ganguli , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: March 2017

Bioethics has changed considerably over the last few years. Increased global interaction, through the off-shoring of clinical trials, cross-border surrogacy, organ trafficking, and medical tourism, among others practices, has brought additional considerations to a discipline that has been, until recently, relatively contained within national borders. We aim to contribute to the discourse on exploitation and vulnerability in a way that reflects such global changes. We will explore the link between vulnerability and exploitation, and argue that exploitation can be understood as taking advantage of vulnerabilities, provided we recognize that vulnerabilities are often embedded within existing structural injustices.
Caring for money: Communicative and strategic action in ancillary care
Authors: Lanoix Monique
Published: March 2017

This essay examines paid care labor that typically assists older adult individuals in performing the activities of daily living. I make the case that emotional labor is constitutive of ancillary care and that some emotion-based utterances are communicative actions in the sense intended by Jürgen Habermas. However, communicative action is undermined because of the manner in which ancillary care is organized. I discuss why this is problematic and suggest ways to enhance the goals of ancillary care by granting communicative action a greater role within caregiving.
National self-sufficiency in reproductive resources: An innovative response to transnational reproductive travel
Authors: Martin Dominique , Kane Stefan
Published: March 2017

Transnational reproductive travel is symptomatic of insufficient supplies of reproductive resources, including donor gametes and gestational surrogacy services, and inequities in access to these within domestic health-care jurisdictions. Here, we argue that an innovative approach to domestic policy making using the framework of the National Self-Sufficiency paradigm represents the best solution to domestic challenges and the ethical hazards of the global marketplace in reproductive resources.
Eggs and euros: A feminist perspective on reproductive travel from Denmark to Spain
Authors: Kroløkke Charlotte
Published: March 2017

Reproductive technologies produce new babies and new bioethical concerns. This article analyzes how Danish infertile couples negotiate traveling to Spain for egg donation. Fertility travel is situated in light of Danish bioethical discourses, while feminist cultural analysis is used to understand how Spanish clinical discourses choreograph egg donation to involve an intimate and affective exchange between two like-minded women. The Danish travelers employ love and desire to naturalize transnational egg donation as well as anger and disappointment to invoke notions of reproductive rights. The article concludes that empirical research on fertility travel opens up for discussion bioethical perspectives, such as those involving fair trade and reciprocity.
LIBERAL INDIVIDUALISM, RELATIONAL AUTONOMY, AND THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF RESPECT
Authors: Wardrope Alistair
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The principle of respect for autonomy in clinical ethics is frequently linked to bioethics’ neglect of community-level ethical considerations. I argue that the latter is not an inevitable consequence of the former; rather, that neglect results from a common interpretation of respect for autonomy in solely synchronic and individual terms. A relational understanding of autonomy reveals the way in which respect inescapably involves diachronic and social dimensions. When these are acknowledged, the association between respect for autonomy and liberal individualism is weakened. Such respect has more in common with communitarian approaches, and it need not conflict with the incorporation of collective-level values into ethical deliberation.
BODY IMAGES AND BREASTED EXPERIENCE: TOWARD BETTER CLINICAL CONVERSATIONS ABOUT MASTECTOMY
Authors: Barina Rachelle
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Research on mastectomy recommends better preoperative counseling to manage struggles with body image. This article problematizes the popular concept of body image and instead describes body imaging as an embodied and ongoing process that involves a multiplicity of body images. More preoperative information cannot ensure an easy shift to favorable body images because body imaging resists and exceeds the scope of medicine and the patient’s cognitive anticipation. Thus, medical professionals should avoid decontextualizing or medicalizing body image and instead recognize that body image construction is not simply an intellectual reframing but develops in everyday embodied living.
Feeding versus Artificial Nutrition and Hydration: At the Boundaries of Medical Intervention and Social Interaction
Authors: Bergstresser Sara M. , Castellanos Erick
Published: March 2017

This article examines the concept of medical feeding that has emerged in the United States. Artificial nutrition and hydration emphasizes artificiality and medical technology. By contrast, the daily actions of eating and feeding have complex social, cultural, and historical meanings that are often strongly gendered. Currently, there is a disjuncture between biomedical and broader social understandings of feeding, which often leads to conflict in clinical situations. We suggest relational autonomy as a means to negotiate between the prevailing biomedical view and a more expansive consideration of food and feeding within the complex cultural, gendered, and power-laden realities of social relationships.