bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localized scleroderma in childhood is not just a skin disease
Authors: Zulian Francesco , Vallongo Cristina , Woo Patricia , Russo Ricardo , Ruperto Nicolino , Harper John , Espada Graciela , Corona Fabrizia , Mukamel Masha , Vesely Richard , Musiej‐Nowakowska Elzbieta , Chaitow Jeff , Ros Joan , Apaz Maria T. , Gerloni Valeria , Mazur‐Zielinska Henryka , Nielsen Susan , Ullman Susanne , Horneff Gerd , Wouters Carine , Martini Giorgia , Cimaz Rolando , Laxer Ronald , Athreya Balu H.
Published: September 2005

Objective

Juvenile localized scleroderma is usually considered a disease that is confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. We studied the prevalence and clinical features of extracutaneous manifestations in a large cohort of children with juvenile localized scleroderma.

Methods

Data from a multinational study on juvenile scleroderma was used for this in‐depth study. Clinical features of patients with extracutaneous manifestations were compared with those of patients who had exclusively skin involvement.

Results

Seven hundred fifty patients entered the study. One hundred sixty‐eight patients (22.4%) presented with a total of 193 extracutaneous manifestations, as follows: articular (47.2%), neurologic (17.1%), vascular (9.3%), ocular (8.3%), gastrointestinal (6.2%), respiratory (2.6%), cardiac (1%), and renal (1%). Other autoimmune conditions were present in 7.3% of patients. Neurologic involvement consisted of epilepsy, central nervous system vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, vascular malformations, headache, and neuroimaging abnormalities. Ocular manifestations were episcleritis, uveitis, xerophthalmia, glaucoma, and papilledema. In more than one‐fourth of these children, articular, neurologic, and ocular involvements were unrelated to the site of skin lesions. Raynaud's phenomenon was reported in 16 patients. Respiratory involvement consisted essentially of restrictive lung disease. Gastrointestinal involvement was reported in 12 patients and consisted exclusively of gastroesophageal reflux. Thirty patients (4%) had multiple extracutaneous features, but systemic sclerosis (SSc) developed in only 1 patient. In patients with extracutaneous involvement, the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor was significantly higher than that among patients with only skin involvement. However, Scl‐70 and anticentromere, markers of SSc, were not significantly increased.

Conclusion

Extracutaneous manifestations of juvenile localized scleroderma developed in almost one‐fourth of the children in this study. These extracutaneous manifestations often were unrelated to the site of the skin lesions and sometimes were associated with multiple organ involvement. The risk of developing SSc was very low. This subgroup of patients with juvenile localized scleroderma should be evaluated extensively, treated more aggressively, and monitored carefully.
Increased acinar damage of salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome is paralleled by simultaneous imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase 3/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 ratios
Authors: Pérez Paola , Kwon Yoon‐Jeoung , Alliende Cecilia , Leyton Lisette , Aguilera Sergio , Molina Claudio , Labra Cecilia , Julio Marcela , Leyton Cecilia , González María‐Julieta
Published: September 2005

Objective

Previous findings in labial salivary glands (LSGs) from patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) suggest that increased activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) and MMP‐3 trigger the destruction of acinar structures in these glands. Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) tightly control MMP activity, and TIMP expression is an important modulator of effects attributed to MMPs. This study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between the balance of MMPs/TIMPs in the LSGs of SS patients and the degree of inflammatory infiltration and acinar structure integrity.

Methods

Three groups of SS patients classified according to focus score and residual tissue were studied. The expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 was examined at the messenger RNA and protein levels. The ratio of MMP/TIMP expression (R value) was calculated. Focus score and acinar structure were evaluated by histologic analysis.

Results

In SS patients the MMP‐3/TIMP‐1 ratio was higher than 1 and the MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratio was much higher than 1 whereas the MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 ratio nearly equaled 1, suggesting elevated proteolytic activity due mainly to MMP‐9. R values were independent of the focus score of inflammatory cells, but correlated well with the dramatic changes observed in morphologic integrity of acini, as revealed mainly by the lack of nuclear polarity. Acinar changes were more evident when R values for both MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 and MMP‐3/TIMP‐1 were higher.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that an altered balance between MMPs and their inhibitors is associated with acinar damage. Since salivary gland acinar cells express both MMPs and TIMPs, these cells may play an important role in extracellular matrix destruction and in the LSG pathophysiology in SS.
Antigen microarray profiling of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hueber Wolfgang , Kidd Brian A. , Tomooka Beren H. , Lee Byung J. , Bruce Bonnie , Fries James F. , Sønderstrup Grete , Monach Paul , Drijfhout Jan W. , van Venrooij Walther J. , Utz Paul J. , Genovese Mark C. , Robinson William H.
Published: September 2005

Objective

Because rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in terms of disease manifestations, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic responses, we developed and applied a novel antigen microarray technology to identify distinct serum antibody profiles in patients with RA.

Methods

Synovial proteome microarrays, containing 225 peptides and proteins that represent candidate and control antigens, were developed. These arrays were used to profile autoantibodies in randomly selected sera from 2 different cohorts of patients: the Stanford Arthritis Center inception cohort, comprising 18 patients with established RA and 38 controls, and the Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System cohort, comprising 58 patients with a clinical diagnosis of RA of <6 months duration. Data were analyzed using the significance analysis of microarrays algorithm, the prediction analysis of microarrays algorithm, and Cluster software.

Results

Antigen microarrays demonstrated that autoreactive B cell responses targeting citrullinated epitopes were present in a subset of patients with early RA with features predictive of the development of severe RA. In contrast, autoimmune targeting of the native epitopes contained on synovial arrays, including several human cartilage gp39 peptides and type II collagen, were associated with features predictive of less severe RA.

Conclusion

Proteomic analysis of autoantibody reactivities provides diagnostic information and allows stratification of patients with early RA into clinically relevant disease subsets.
Bone marrow lesions in the knee are associated with increased local bone density
Authors: Lo Grace H. , Hunter David J. , Zhang Yuqing , McLennan Christine E. , LaValley Michael P. , Kiel Douglas P. , McLean Robert R. , Genant Harry K. , Guermazi Ali , Felson David T.
Published: September 2005

Objective

Bone marrow lesions are associated with pain and compartment‐specific progression of joint space narrowing in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Bone marrow lesions occur in regions under increased loading, and excess loading produces increased bone mineral density (BMD). The ratio of BMD in the medial tibial plateau compared with that in the lateral tibial plateau (M:L BMD ratio) reflects loading in the knee. Therefore, we hypothesized that a higher M:L BMD ratio would be associated with medial bone marrow lesions, and that lower ratios would be associated with lateral bone marrow lesions.

Methods

Participants in the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), and knee radiography between 2002 and 2004. MRI was used to define medial and lateral bone marrow lesions in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, respectively. We performed a logistic regression analysis with medial bone marrow lesions as the outcome, testing M:L BMD ratio groups as predictor variables. We adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and systemic BMD, using generalized estimating equations to adjust for correlations between knees. An identical analysis evaluating lateral bone marrow lesions was performed.

Results

Medial bone marrow lesions were strongly associated with a high M:L BMD ratio. The odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent medial bone marrow lesions, for the lowest to the highest quartile of M:L BMD ratios, were 1.0 (referent), 1.3, 5.0, and infinity (P for trend < 0.0001). Lateral bone marrow lesions were strongly associated with low M:L BMD ratios (the ORs for prevalent lateral bone marrow lesions, for the highest to the lowest quartile, were 1.0 [referent], 3.0, 26.8, and 54.0 [P for trend < 0.0001]).

Conclusion

Medial bone marrow lesions occur in knees with relatively higher local medial tibial bone density, and lateral bone marrow lesions occur in knees with relatively higher lateral tibial bone density, supporting the hypothesis that local BMD reflects loading within the knee. Our findings emphasize the importance of loading in the pathophysiology of OA.
Protein structural changes in keratin fibers induced by chemical modification using 2‐iminothiolane hydrochloride: A Raman spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Kuzuhara Akio
Published: September 2005

For the purpose of investigating in detail the influence of chemical modification using 2‐iminothiolane hydrochloride (2‐IT) on keratin fibers, the structure of cross‐sections at various depths of white human hair, treated with 2‐IT and then oxidized, was directly analyzed without isolating the cuticle and cortex, using Raman spectroscopy. In particular, the β‐sheet and/or random coil content (β/R) and the α‐helix (α) content in human hair fibers were estimated by amide I band analysis. The SS band intensity, amide III (unordered) band intensity, and β/R content existing from the cuticle region to the center of cortex region of virgin white human hair remarkably increased by performing the chemical modification using 2‐IT. On the other hand, not only the SS band intensity, but also SO band intensity existing throughout the cortex region of the bleached (damaged) white human hair increased by performing chemical modification using 2‐IT. In particular, β/R content existing throughout the cortex region of the bleached white human hair decreased, while the skeletal CC stretch (α) band intensity at 935 cm−1 and the α content remarkably increased. This indicates a secondary structural change from the random coil form to the α‐helix form in the proteins existing throughout the cortex region. From these experiments, we concluded that the formation of new disulfide (SS) groups resulting from chemical modification using 2‐IT induced the secondary structural changes of proteins existing throughout the cortex region. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 173–184, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Effect of spatial architecture on cellular colonization
Authors: Huang Yan , Siewe Mbonda , Madihally Sundararajan V.
Published: September 2005

The spatial cell‐material interaction remains vital issue in forming biodegradable scaffolds in Tissue Engineering. In this study, to understand the influence of spatial architecture on cellular behavior, 2D and 3D chitosan scaffolds of 50–190 kD and >310 kD MW were synthesized through air drying and controlled rate freezing/lypohilization technique, respectively. In addition, chitosan was emulsified with 19, 76, and 160 kD 50:50 poly lactide‐co‐glycolide (PLGA) using 1,2‐Dimyristoyl‐sn‐Glycero‐3‐Phosphocholine (DMPC) as stabilizer. 2D and 3D scaffolds were formed by air drying and lyophilization as before. Tensile and compressive properties of films and scaffolds were analyzed in wet conditions at 37°C. Alterations in the cell spreading, proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were studied. These results showed that the formed 3D chitosan scaffolds had interconnected open pore architecture (50–200 µm size). HUVECs and MEFs had reduced spreading areas and circular morphology on 2D chitosan membranes compared with 3D chitosan scaffolds. The fluorescence photomicrographs for actin (using Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin) and cytoplasm staining (using carboxyfluorescein diacetate‐succinimidyl ester) demonstrated that the cells spread within 3D chitosan matrix. 2D and 3D emulsified chitosan and chitosan/PLGA scaffolds reduced the spreading of HUVECs and MEFs even further. Proliferation results, analyzed via MTT‐Formazan assay and BrdU uptake assay, correlated with the spreading characteristics. The reductions in cell spreading area on emulsified surfaces were not detrimental to the viability and endocytic activity but to proliferation. The observed alterations in cellular colonization are in part due to the substrate stiffness and surface topography. In summary, these results suggest a significant influence of spatial architecture on cellular colonization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid and valproic acid based on derivatization by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Zhong Yan , Jiao Zheng , Yu Yunqiu
Published: September 2005

A reliable and validated reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using fluorescence detection is reported for the simultaneous quantitation of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and valproic acid (VPA) in human plasma. The method is based on the pre‐column derivatization of valproic acid with 4‐bromomethyl‐6, 7‐dimethoxycoumarin (BrMMC) and online solvatochromism of MPA by pH adjustment. The linear calibration range was 0.50–30 µg/mL for MPA and 5.00–150 µg/mL for VPA. The relative standard deviations of the method of intra‐ and inter‐day analyses (n = 6) were below 6.5 and 6.7% for MPA, and 5.8 and 6.3% for VPA, respectively. Dichloromethane was used for the simultaneous extraction of MPA and VPA from acidified plasma. This reliable method can be applied in the analysis of MPA and VPA in human plasma using only a small volume (100 µL). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of patulin on thymus capillary of rats
Authors: Gül Nursel , Özsoy Nesrin , Osmanagaoglu Özlem , Selmanoğlu Güldeniz , Koçkaya E. Arzu
Published: September 2005

Patulin is a mycotoxin that is produced by species of Penicillum, Aspergillus, and Byssochylamys molds that may grow on a variety of foods including fruit, grains and cheese. Patulin, at a dose of 0.1 mg kg−1 bw day−1 was administered orally to growing male rats aged 5–6 weeks for a period of 60 or 90 days. The dose of patulin used in the present study was based on estimated human exposure levels. At the end of these periods, the thymus glands of patulin‐treated and control Wistar rats were removed and ultrastructural changes in capillary cells of the thymus of patulin‐treated Wistar rats were determined by electron microscopy. The walls of thymus capillaries of the 60‐day patulin‐treated rat groups (P‐60) exhibited degeneration observable in electron microscopic sections. For example, loss of cytoplasm and mitochondrial cristae of cells, swollen endothelial cells, increased thickness of the basement membrane, closed lumen of capillaries, accumulation of fibrous material at the periphery of the capillaries and nuclear anomalies were seen in these sections. Such degeneration and changes were also observed in sections of capillaries of the 90‐day patulin‐treated rat groups (P‐90). The levels of degeneration of endothelial cell nucleus of P‐90 were greater than those of P‐60. This study demonstrated the ultrastructural degeneration of thymus capillary cells of patulin‐treated rats. The results obtained from this study may provide a guide to research dealing with the toxic effects of patulin on tissue and organ ultrastructure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Betaine prevents loss of sialic acid residues and peroxidative injury of erythrocyte membrane in ethanol‐given rats
Authors: Kanbak Güngör , Özdemir Filiz , Çalışkan Figen , Şahin Fezan , İnal Mine
Published: September 2005

To evaluate chronic ethanol toxicity on erythrocyte membrane and preventive action of betaine as a methyl donor, 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, ethanol and ethanol plus betaine group. Animals were fed 60 ml diet per day for two months. Rats in the ethanol group were fed ethanol 8 g/kg/day. The ethanol + betaine groups were fed ethanol plus betaine (0.5% w/v). After two months, all animals were killed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and sialic acid (SA) levels were determined in plasma samples. Osmotic fragility tests were performed on whole blood samples and erythrocyte membrane thiol contents were determined using membrane suspensions.

Plasma MDA levels in ethanol‐given rats were increased significantly compared to the control group of rats (p < 0.05). MDA in the betaine group was significantly lower than that in the ethanol group (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte membrane thiol contents in ethanol group were decreased compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05). Thiol contents were increased slightly after betaine therapy, but this increase was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Plasma sialic acid levels in the ethanol group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Sialic acid was decreased in the betaine group compared to the ethanol group (p < 0.05). In the osmotic fragility test, we observed that chronic ethanol consumption increased erythrocyte hemolysis. Betaine protected against ethanol‐induced hemolysis.

Our findings show that chronic ethanol administration affects erythrocyte membrane properties and this may be related to oxidative stress. Betaine protects erythrocyte membrane alterations against chronic ethanol toxicity. Therefore betaine as a nutritional agent, may protect ethanol induced clinical problems associated with membrane abnormalities. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of glutathione status in the blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Yeh Chih‐Ching , Hou Ming‐Feng , Wu Szu‐Hsien , Tsai Shih‐Meng , Lin Shu‐Kai , Hou Linda Ann , Ma Hsu , Tsai Li‐Yu
Published: September 2005

Glutathione plays an important role in the antioxidant system that is required for the maintenance of the redox status of the cell, defence against free radicals and detoxification of toxic compounds. Reduced glutathione (redGSH) can be converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) during oxidative stress. The ratio of redGSH/total glutathione can be regarded as an index of the redox status and a useful indicator of disease risks. We conducted experiments by the capillary zone electrophoresis method to investigate the alterations of the glutathione status in the blood and tissue samples from patients with breast cancer. The results showed that the levels of redGSH, GSSG, total glutathione and the ratio of redGSH/total glutathione were significantly decreased in the blood of the patients with breast cancer compared to those of the control subjects. The levels of various forms of glutathione were lower and more pronounced in stage III. In contrast, the levels of redGSH, GSSG, total glutathione and the redGSH/total glutathione ratio in breast cancer tissues were significantly increased relative to those of the adjacent cancer‐free tissues, especially in stage II. We suggest that the high redGSH levels are associated with the enhancement of cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in the cancer cells, and the loss of the large amount of erythrocyte redGSH may be due to increased detoxification capacities and defence against oxidative stress. We propose that redGSH should be regarded as an important biochemical parameter for detecting breast malignancy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence, retrieval methods, and outcomes of stent loss during percutaneous coronary intervention: A large single‐center experience
Authors: Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Best Patricia J.M. , Elesber Ahmad A. , Barsness Gregory W. , Lennon Ryan J. , Holmes David R. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Garratt Kirk N.
Published: September 2005

Our goal was to examine the incidence and consequences of stent loss during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the retrieval techniques used. We retrospectively reviewed 11,773 consecutive PCI cases involving stents performed at our institution between January 1994 and March 2004 to identify cases of stent loss. Stent loss occurred in 38 of 11,773 PCI procedures involving stents (0.32%; 95% CI = 0.23–0.44%). Mean age of the patients was 67 ± 11 years and 82% were men. Stent loss occurred more frequently in lesions with calcification and/or significant proximal angulation. In three patients, the stent was crushed and covered with another stent without attempting retrieval. Stent retrieval was attempted in 35 of 38 cases and was successful in 30 (86%). The following retrieval methods were used (more than one method was used in some cases): advancing a balloon through the stent, inflating the balloon, and withdrawing the stent (45%); twirling two wires around the stent (5%); loop snare (26%); biliary forceps (12%); Cook retained fragment retriever (10%); and basket retrieval device (2%). Patients in whom stent loss occurred had a higher incidence of bleeding requiring transfusion (24% vs. 7%; P < 0.001) and more often required emergency coronary artery bypass surgery (5% vs. 0.4%; P < 0.001). No patients in whom the stent was crushed or deployed in the coronary artery had any major cardiac complication. Stent loss during PCI occurs infrequently. Lost stents can be successfully retrieved in the majority of cases using a variety of retrieval techniques, yet stent loss is associated with an increased risk of complications. Stent deployment or crushing may be a good alternative to retrieval. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Anti‐Markovnikov Regioselectivity in the Wacker Reaction of Styrenes
Authors: Wright Joseph A. , Gaunt Matthew J. , Spencer Jonathan B.
Published: September 2005

The Wacker reaction is one of the longest known palladium‐catalysed organic transformations, and in the vast majority of cases proceeds with Markovnikov regioselectivity. Palladium(II)‐mediated oxidation of styrenes was examined and in the absence of reoxidants was found to proceed in an anti‐Markovnikov sense, giving aldehydes. Studies on the mechanism of this unusual transformation were carried out, and indicate the possible involvement of a η4‐palladium–styrene complex. With a heteropolyacid as the terminal oxidant, oxidation of styrene to give the anti‐Markovnikov aldehyde as the major product was found to be catalytic.
Mononuclear, Dinuclear, and Pentanuclear [{N,S(thiolate)}Iron(II)] Complexes: Nuclearity Control, Incorporation of Hydroxide Bridging Ligands, and Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Krishnamurthy Divya , Sarjeant Amy N. , Goldberg David P. , Caneschi Andrea , Totti Federico , Zakharov Lev N. , Rheingold Arnold L.
Published: September 2005

The mixed N3S(thiolate) ligand 1‐[bis{2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl}amino]‐2‐methylpropane‐2‐thiol (Py2SH) was used in the synthesis of four iron(II) complexes: [(Py2S)FeCl] (1), [(Py2S)FeBr] (2), [(Py2S)4Fe5II(μ‐OH)2](BF4)4 (3), and [(Py2S)2Fe2II(μ‐OH)]BF4 (4). The X‐ray structures of 1 and 2 revealed monomeric iron(II)–alkylthiolate complexes with distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal geometries. The paramagnetic 1H NMR spectra of 1 and 2 display resonances from δ=−25 ppm to +100 ppm, consistent with a high‐spin iron(II) ion (S=2). Spectral assignments were made on the basis of chemical shift information and T1 measurements and show the monomeric structures are intact in solution. To provide entry into hydroxide‐containing complexes, a novel synthetic method was developed involving strict aprotic conditions and limiting amounts of H2O. Reaction of Py2SH with NaH and Fe(BF4)2⋅6 H2O under aprotic conditions led to the isolation of the pentanuclear, μ‐OH complex 3, which has a novel dimer‐of‐dimers type structure connected by a central iron atom. Conductivity data on 3 show this structure is retained in CH2Cl2. Rational modification of the ligand‐to‐metal ratio allows control over the nuclearity of the product, yielding the dinuclear complex 4. The X‐ray structure of 4 reveals an unprecedented face‐sharing, biooctahedral complex with an [S2O] bridging arrangement. The magnetic properties of 3 and 4 in the range 1.9–300 K were successfully modeled. Dinuclear 4 is antiferromagnetically coupled [J=−18.8(2) cm−1]. Pentanuclear 3 exhibits ferrimagnetic behavior, with a high‐spin ground state of ST=6, and was best modeled with three different exchange parameters [J=−15.3(2), J′=−24.7(3), and J′′=−5.36(7) cm−1]. DFT calculations provided good support for the interpretation of the magnetic properties.
Molecular Design of Glycoprotein Mimetics: Glycoblotting by Engineered Proteins with an Oxylamino‐Functionalized Amino Acid Residue
Authors: Matsubara Naoki , Oiwa Kei , Hohsaka Takahiro , Sadamoto Reiko , Niikura Kenichi , Fukuhara Norio , Takimoto Akio , Kondo Hirosato , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro
Published: September 2005

The general and efficient method for the site‐directed glycosylation of proteins is a key step in order to understand the biological importance of the carbohydrate chains of proteins and to control functional roles of the engineered glycoproteins in terms of the development of improved glycoprotein therapeutics. We have developed a novel method for site‐directed glycosylation of proteins based on chemoselective blotting of common reducing sugars by genetically encoded proteins. The oxylamino‐functionalized L‐homoserine residues, 2‐amino‐4‐O‐(N‐methylaminooxy) butanoic acid and 2‐amino‐4‐aminooxy butanoic acid, were efficiently incorporated into proteins by using the four‐base codon/anticodon pair strategy in Escherichia coli in vitro translation. Direct and chemoselective coupling between unmodified simple sugars and N‐methylaminooxy group displayed on the engineered streptavidin allowed for the combinatorial synthesis of novel glycoprotein mimetics.
From Dysfunction to Bis‐function: On the Design and Applications of Functionalised Ionic Liquids
Authors: Fei Zhaofu , Geldbach Tilmann J. , Zhao Dongbin , Dyson Paul J.
Published: September 2005

Some of the recent developments concerning the synthesis, properties and applications of functionalised ionic liquids are highlighted. Various strategies are presented, including functionalisation of the cation, anion or both cation and anion in the same ionic liquid, leading to what has been termed dual‐functionalised ionic liquids. Particular attention is given to the application of functionalised ionic liquids as reaction media, to stabilise nanoparticles/modify surfaces and to generate porous materials.
Electronic Structures and Molecular Properties of Chalcogen Nitrides Se2N2 and SeSN2
Authors: Tuononen Heikki M. , Suontamo Reijo , Valkonen Jussi , Laitinen Risto S. , Chivers Tristram
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Phase Relations of the Novel Compound Co4Al7+xSi2‐x (0.27 ≤ x ≤ 1.05).
Authors: Richter Klaus W. , Prots Yurii , Grin Yuri
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In situ Sol—Gel Composition of Inorganic/Organic Polymeric Hybrid Precursors to Synthesize Red‐Luminescent CaTiO3:Pr3+ and CaTi0.5Zr0.5O3:Pr3+ Phosphors.
Authors: Yan Bing , Zhou Kun
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Properties of Ln2NiGe6 Ternary Compounds (Ln: Rare Earth).
Authors: Konyk M. , Romaka L. , Gignoux D. , Fruchart D. , Bodak O. , Gorelenko Yu.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evidence for the Existence of β‐Na3AlH6: Monitoring the Phase Transformation from α‐Na3AlH6 by in situ Methods.
Authors: Weidenthaler C. , Pommerin A. , Felderhoff M. , Schmidt W. , Bogdanovic B. , Schueth F.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photocatalytic Performance of Ba5Ta4O15 to Decomposition of H2O into H2 and O2.
Authors: Otsuka Harumi , Kim Kiyoung , Kouzu Asuka , Takimoto Ikuharu , Fujimori Hirotaka , Sakata Yoshihisa , Imamura Hayao , Matsumoto Takako , Toda Kenji
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Assembly of Helical Hydrogen Bonds in a New Layered Aluminophosphate [C6N3H17] [Al2(HPO4)(PO4)2].
Authors: Wang Mei , Li Ji‐yang , Yu Ji‐hong , Pan Qin‐he , Song Xiao‐wei , Xu Ru‐ren
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Fundamental Studies of (H3Ge)xSiH4‐x Molecules: Precursors to Semiconductor Hetero‐ and Nanostructures on Si.
Authors: Ritter Cole J. , Hu Changwu , Chizmeshya Andrew V. G. , Tolle John , Klewer Douglas , Tsong Ignatius S. T. , Kouvetakis John
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Basket Tetradecavanadate Cluster with Blue Luminescence.
Authors: Chen Lian , Jiang Feilong , Lin Zhengzhong , Zhou Youfu , Yue Chengyang , Hong Maochun
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of NbC and NbB2 by MA‐SHS in Air Process.
Authors: Tsuchida Takeshi , Kakuta Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Poly[diaquahexakis(dimethyl sulfoxide‐ϰO)cerium [(μ2‐Hexacosaoxooctamolybdate)sodium]].
Authors: Chen Li‐Juan , Lu Can‐Zhong , Zhang Quan‐Zheng , Chen Shu‐Mei
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Face‐Sharing Bioctahedral [Mo2O6F3]3‐ Anion.
Authors: Kirsch Janet E. , Izumi Heather K. , Stern Charlotte L. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of D‐Mannose‐Based Azacrown Ethers and Their Application in Enantioselective Reactions.
Authors: Bako Peter , Mako Attila , Keglevich Gyoergy , Kubinyi Miklos , Pal Krisztina
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non‐C2‐Symmetric, Chirally Economical, and Readily Tunable Linked‐Binols: Design and Application in a Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Yoshida Takamasa , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Kumagai Naoya , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Fluoride Ion Reagent from Pentafluoropyridine.
Authors: Murray Christopher B. , Sandford Graham , Korn Stewart R. , Yufit Dmitrii S. , Howard Judith A. K.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluoride‐Induced Nucleophilic (Phenylthio)difluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds with [Difluoro(phenylthio)methyl]trimethylsilane (TMS—CF2SPh).
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Hu Jinbo , Wang Ying , Olah George A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of 2‐Diazocyclohexane‐1,3‐diones and Alkyl Diazopyruvates.
Authors: Mueller Paul , Chappellet Sabrina
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Enyne Coupling Reaction Initiated by Acetoxypalladation of Alkynes and Quenched by Protonolysis of the Carbon—Palladium Bond.
Authors: Zhao Ligang , Lu Xiyan , Xu Wei
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a Library Chiral α‐Amino Acid‐Based Borate Counteranions and Their Application to Copper Catalyzed Olefin Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Llewellyn David B. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Simple Method of Monoacylation of Polyols by β‐Ketoesters Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Karmee Sanjib Kumar , Chadha Anju
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogenation Reactions Using scCO2 as a Solvent in Microchannel Reactors.
Authors: Kobayashi Juta , Mori Yuichiro , Kobayashi Shu
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Electrophilic Fluorination of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Derivatives with Selectfluor®.
Authors: Xiao Ji‐Chang , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Bromo‐ and Iodohydrins from Deactivated Alkenes by Use of N‐Bromo‐ and N‐Iodosaccharin.
Authors: Urankar Damijana , Rutar Irena , Modec Barbara , Dolenc Darko
Published: September 2005

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Highly Efficient Catalytic Nitration of Phenolic Compounds by Nitric Acid with a Recoverable and Reusable Zr or Hf Oxychloride Complex and KSF.
Authors: Shi Min , Cui Shi‐Cong , Yin Wan‐Po
Published: September 2005

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Selective Synthesis of Phosphate Monoesters by Dehydrative Condensation of Phosphoric Acid and Alcohols Promoted by Nucleophilic Bases.
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Katsukawa Mikimoto , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: September 2005

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Some Studies on Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation Using the Shelf‐Stable Trifluoromethylacetophenone‐N,N‐dimethyltrimethylsilylamine Adduct.
Authors: Motherwell William B. , Storey Lynda J.
Published: September 2005

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Convenient Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Alcohols from Both Enolizable and Non‐Enolizable Carbonyl Compounds with Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Hu Jinbo , Wang Ying , Olah George A.
Published: September 2005

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Tow‐Carbon Homologation of Ketones via Sily Ketene Acetals: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Acids and α‐Trimethylsilyl δ‐Ketoacids.
Authors: Bellassoued Moncef , Mouelhi Sinda , Fromentin Pierre , Gonzalez Aurelien
Published: September 2005

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Oxidative C—H Activation/C—C Bonding Forming Reactions: Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Kalyani Dipannita , Deprez Nichoals R. , Desai Lopa V. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of cis‐Fused Carbo‐Bicycles by Domino Enyne Cross‐Metathesis/Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Mix Stefan , Blechert Siegfried
Published: September 2005

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Silicasulfuric Acid/NaNO2 as a New Reagent for Deprotection of S,S‐Acetals under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Pourmousavi Seied Ali , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: September 2005

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Mild Non‐Transition Metal Catalyzed Deprotection of N‐Allyloxycarbonyl Amines.
Authors: Szumigala Ronald H. Jr. , Onofiok Ekama , Karady Sandor , Armstrong Joseph D. III , Miller Ross A.
Published: September 2005

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Bis(4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)ethylene Glycol: A New and Efficient Photolabile Protecting Group for Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Kantevari Srinivas , Narasimhaji Ch. Venkata , Mereyala Hari Babu
Published: September 2005

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The Rhodium Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Diazoacetates, Titanium(IV) Alkoxides and Aldehydes.
Authors: Lu Chong‐Dao , Liu Hui , Chen Zhi‐Yong , Hu Wen‐Hao , Mi Ai‐Qiao
Published: September 2005

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The Perfluoroallylation of Alkynes and Transformation of the Products.
Authors: Liu Shu Qin , Wang Shi Wei , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Protection of Alcohols and Cleavage of Triethylsilyl Ethers.
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Boukherroub Rabah , Bolourtchian Mohammad
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Novel Lipophilic and/or Fluorophilic Ethers of Perfluoro‐tert‐butyl Alcohol, Perfluoropinacol and Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate via a Mitsunobu Reaction: Typical Cases of Ideal Product Separation.
Authors: Szabo Denes , Bonto Ana‐Maria , Koevesdi Istvan , Goemoery Agnes , Rabai Jozsef
Published: September 2005

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Organozinc Alkoxide‐Promoted Aldol‐Tishchenko Reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes: An Expedient Entry to Prepare α‐Methylene Ketones.
Authors: Hon Yung‐Son , Chang Chun‐Ping
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acid Membrane Monomers by Utilizing Liquid‐Phase Direct Fluorination.
Authors: Okazoe Takashi , Watanabe Kunio , Itoh Masahiro , Shirakawa Daisuke , Kawahara Kengo , Tatematsu Shin
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Cyclopropanes via Organoiron Methodology: Preparation and Rearrangement of Divinylcyclopropanes.
Authors: Wallock Nathaniel J. , Donaldson William A.
Published: September 2005

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Small Ring Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 110. Domino Heck—Diels—Alder Reactions of Differently Substituted Cyclopropylallenes.
Authors: Knoke Mario , de Meijere Armin
Published: September 2005

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Immobilized Metal Ion‐Containing Ionic Liquids: Preparation, Structure and Catalytic Performance in Kharasch Addition Reaction.
Authors: Sasaki Takehiko , Zhong Chongmin , Tada Mizuki , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: September 2005

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A Recyclable Electrochemical Allylation in Water.
Authors: Zha Zhenggen , Hui Ailing , Zhou Yuqing , Miao Qian , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Hanchang
Published: September 2005

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β‐Cyclodextrin Promoted Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltributyltin under Supramolecular Catalysis in Water.
Authors: Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Surendra K. , Kumar V. Pavan , Srinivas B. , Reddy C. Suresh , Rao K. Rama
Published: September 2005

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High Performance of Rh(Phebox) Catalysts in Asymmetric Reductive Aldol Reaction: High anti‐Selectivity.
Authors: Nishiyama Hisao , Shiomi Takushi , Tsuchiya Yasunori , Matsuda Isamu
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of α‐Substituted N‐Aryl Acrylamide Derivatives Through Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Guo Wei , Wu Weiwei , Fan Ningjuan , Wu Zhengang , Xia Chizhong
Published: September 2005

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Diastereoselectivity in Addition of Nitrile‐Stabilized Carbanions to Schiff Bases and in Subsequent Alkylation Reactions.
Authors: Viteva L. , Gospodova Tz. , Stefanovsky Y. , Simova S.
Published: September 2005

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Medium‐Dependent Lithiated Side Products in the Reductive Lithiation of Allylic Phenyl Thioethers. Diethyl Ether versus Tetrahydrofuran.
Authors: Screttas Constantinos G. , Heropoulos Georgios A. , Micha‐Screttas Maria , Steele Barry R.
Published: September 2005

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Pd2(dba)3/Xantphos‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Thiols and Aryl Bromides/Triflates
Authors: Mispelaere‐Canivet Clotilde , Spindler Jean‐Francis , Perrio Stephane , Beslin Pierre
Published: September 2005

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Catalytic Enantioselective Thioester Aldol Reactions that Are Compatible with Protic Functional Groups.
Authors: Magdziak Derek , Lalic Gojko , Lee Hong Myung , Fortner Kevin C. , Aloise Allen D. , Shair Matthew D.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Optically Pure 1,2‐Diaryl‐ and 1,2‐Alkylaryl‐1,2‐amino Sulfides.
Authors: Arroyo Yolanda , Meana Angela , Rodriguez J. Felix , Santos Mercedes , Sanz‐Tejedor M. Ascension , Garcia Ruano Jose L.
Published: September 2005

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Selective Oxidations of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Using Immobilized Cerium Alkyl Phosphonate.
Authors: Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Roy Gopa , Sullivan Alice C. , Wilson John R. H.
Published: September 2005

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Iron‐Catalyzed Homo‐Coupling of Simple and Functionalized Arylmagnesium Reagents.
Authors: Cahiez Gerard , Chaboche Christophe , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence , Ahr Mathieu
Published: September 2005

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Aryl—Aryl Coupling via Directed Lithiation and Oxidation.
Authors: Surry David S. , Fox David J. , Macdonald Simon J. F. , Spring David R.
Published: September 2005

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Facile Synthesis of Multisubstituted Buta‐1,3‐dienes via Suzuki—Miyaura and Kumada Cross‐Coupling Strategy of 2,4‐Diiodo‐buta‐1‐enes with Arylboronic Acids and Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Shao Li‐Xiong , Shi Min
Published: September 2005

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Acids Direct 2‐Styrylcyclobutanone into Two Distinctly Different Reaction Pathways.
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Kadowaki Sho , Fujimoto Atsushi , Ishibashi Mitsuru , Matsuda Takanori
Published: September 2005

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A Modified and Green Methodology for Preparation of Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R. , Mohammadi Ali A. , Karimi Ali R.
Published: September 2005

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Manganese(III)‐Mediated Oxidative Annulation of Methylenecyclopropanes with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Huang Jin‐Wen , Shi Min
Published: September 2005

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Chemoselective Syntheses of γ‐Butyrolactams Using Vinyl Sulfilimines and Dichloroketene.
Authors: Marino Joseph P. , Zou Nanfei
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure N‐Substituted 4‐Hydroxypyrrolidin‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Jeong Yong‐Chul , Hwang Sung Kwan , Ahn Kwang‐Hyun
Published: September 2005

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Phosphine‐Mediated Coupling of Gramines with Aldehydes: A Remarkably Simple Synthesis of 3‐Vinylindoles.
Authors: Low Kam Hung , Magomedov Nabi A.
Published: September 2005

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Benzothieno[3,2‐b]indole Derivatives as Potent Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators.
Authors: Ji Qinggang , Gao Jie , Wang Junbo , Yang Chunhao , Hui Xin , Yan Xueming , Wu Xihan , Xie Yuyuan , Wang Ming‐Wei
Published: September 2005

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Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular 1,2‐Diamination of Conjugated Dienes.
Authors: Bar Gregory L. J. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I.
Published: September 2005

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Regioselective Synthesis of 1,5‐Diaryl‐1H‐imidazoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 1‐Aryl‐1H‐imidazoles.
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Cauteruccio Silvia , Mannina Luisa , Rossi Renzo , Viel Stephane
Published: September 2005

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Microwave‐Assisted Solid‐State Synthesis and Characterization of Thiohydantoin Derivatives.
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Ma Chun‐Ming , Qu Gui‐Rong
Published: September 2005

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Direct Catalytic Synthesis of Enantiopure 5‐Substituted Oxazolidinones from Racemic Terminal Epoxides.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bosco Marcella , Carlone Armando , Locatelli Manuela , Melchiorre Paolo , Sambri Letizia
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sulfonamidooxazoles and β‐Keto Sulfones: Selective Inhibitors of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I.
Authors: Xiang Jason , et al. et al.
Published: September 2005

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Domino Addition of Allylzinc Bromide to Nitrile Oxides: Synthesis of 5‐Butenylisoxazolines.
Authors: Qazi Naveed A. , Kumar H. M. Sampath , Taneja S. C.
Published: September 2005

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1,1‐Dichloropolyfluoroalkanesulfenamides and Their Dehydrochlorination Effected by Triethylamine.
Authors: Timoshenko V. M. , Rudnichenko A. V. , Tkachenko A. V. , Shermolovich Yu. G.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 2‐Alkyl(aryl)‐3‐methylsulfonyl(sulfinyl)pyrano [4,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Li Yu Xin , Wang You Ming , Liu Bin , Wang Su Hua , Li Zheng Ming
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis, Reaction and Antimicrobial Activity of 2‐Amino‐4‐(8‐quinolinol‐5‐yl)‐1‐(p‐tolyl)‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Shawkat A.
Published: September 2005

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Protected Mercaptoalkylpyrimidinones: Synthesis and Test for Immunostimulating Activity.
Authors: Briel D. , Droessler K. , Rybak A. , Holzer M. , Dobner B.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis and Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitory Activity of Novel Pyrido[1,2‐e]purin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Xia Guangxin , Li Jianfeng , Peng Aiming , Lai Shunan , Zhang Shujun , Shen Jingshan , Liu Zhonghua , Chen Xinjian , Ji Ruyun
Published: September 2005

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Single Step Synthesis of 2,3‐Dialkyl‐6‐nitro‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐imines and 3,5‐Dialkyl‐9‐nitro‐imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐2(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Erba Emanuela , Pocar Donato , Trimarco Pasqualina
Published: September 2005

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Intramolecular Cyclization of δ‐Iminoacetylenes: A New Entry to Pyrazino[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Arcadi Antonio , Bellinazzi Alessandra , Beccalli Egle , Rossi Elisabetta , Zanzola Simona
Published: September 2005

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Reaction of Furfurylidene Ketones with Thiocarbamides.
Authors: Sazonov A. A. , Frantsuzov A. A. , Klochkova I. N.
Published: September 2005

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2H‐Pyrrolo[3,4‐b][1,5]benzothiazepine Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase.
Authors: Di Santo Roberto , Costi Roberta
Published: September 2005

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1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides to Alkenylboronates: Synthesis of Boronic Ester Substituted Pyrrolidine Derivatives and Asymmetric Approaches.
Authors: Zong Kyukwan
Published: September 2005

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Regio‐ and Stereoselective Approach to 1,2‐Di‐ and 1,1,2‐Trisilylethenes by Cobalt‐Mediated Reaction of Silyl‐Substituted Dibromomethanes with Silylmethylmagnesium Reagents.
Authors: Ohmiya Hirohisa , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: September 2005

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Efficient Synthesis of Trimethylsilyl Pseudohalides Catalyzed by PEG400/ZnI2 under Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Wang Sufang , Wang Shaobing , Xu Yongshen
Published: September 2005

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A Preparation of Alkyl or Alkenyl N,N‐Dimethylchalcogenocarbamates and Their One‐Step Conversion into Symmetrical Dialkyl or Dialkenyl Dichalcogenides.
Authors: Shimada Kazuaki , et al. et al.
Published: September 2005

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Steroids. Part 418. Synthesis, Reactions, Conformation Analysis, and NMR Spectra of 5,10‐Epoxy‐5ξ,10ξ‐estrane‐3,17‐diones.
Authors: Budesinsky Milos , Fajkos Jan , Guenter Jaroslav , Kasal Alexander
Published: September 2005

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