bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCRIPTS ON LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPES: A MARKER OF HYBRID IDENTITY IN URBAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Atta Aqsa
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose: Scripts have strong relationship with religion, culture, and identity. This research was conducted to analyze how choice of different language scripts indicates identity crisis by observing placement, size, and preference of one code over the other. Furthermore, it also demonstrates the existence of plurilingual practices on linguistic landscapes.
 
Methodology: The relationship of scripts with culture and religion was analyzed by following the theoretical framework of semiotics given by Scollon and Scollon (2003) and Huebner (2006). Data was collected through photographs of linguistic landscapes and passersby interviews. Altogether, a corpus of 1064 photographs was collected from three cities in Pakistan (i.e Rawalpindi, Islamabad & Wah Cantt) and 10 passersby were interviewed.
 
Findings: Data analysis reveals some distinctive linguistic modifications in shop signs and billboards; including deviation in spellings, transliteration, linguistic hybridity, vocabulary, visual representation of language, lack of knowledge of Urdu vocabulary, acceptance of English vocabulary as part of Urdu language and use of sub-standard English vocabulary.
 
Contribution: The research concludes that erroneous use of language and transliteration practices cause hybrid hybridity. Moreover, considering Urdu alternatives as an oddity, along with inability to retrieve Urdu vocabulary are major challenges for policy makers to promote and implement Urdu language policies.
 
Keywords: Linguistic landscape, plurilingualism, script and identity, transliteration, translanguaging, linguistic hybridity.
 
Cite as: Atta, A. (2021). Scripts on linguistic landscapes: A marker of hybrid identity in urban areas of Pakistan.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 58-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp58-96
EFFECTS OF STRATEGIC AND UNPRESSURED WITHIN-TASK PLANNING ON IRANIAN INTERMEDIATE EFL LEARNERS’ ORAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Bakhtiary Marjan Rahim , Rezvani Ehsan , Namaziandost Ehsan
Published: June 2021

Background/Purpose: This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of strategic planning and unpressured within-task planning on Iranian EFL learners’ oral performance.
 
Methodology: Following a quasi-experimental research design, 60 intermediate EFL Iranian learners were recruited as the participants of the study and they were assigned into two groups of 30. In group one, the participants were asked to perform the task under unpressured online planning condition. In group two, the learners were asked to do the task under strategic planning condition. The pre and post-tests included story-telling narratives tasks followed with a 15-minute silent movie under two planning conditions for the two groups.
 
Findings: The results of data analysis showed that pre-task strategic planning and within-task planning (online planning) had a positive effect on learners’ oral production; hence, planning time provided opportunity for learners to be able to produce more fluent, accurate, and complex language than no-planners. The results indicated that the participants in the strategic planning group (STPG) significantly outperformed the participants in unpressured within-task-planning (UWPG), leading us to claim that strategic planning was more effective than unpressured within-task planning in improving oral production.
 
Contributions: This study has numerous benefits for language teachers and specialists in content production. Teachers should incorporate strategic planning in their regular teaching programs to encourage learners to balance their level of speech. Moreover, providing learners with the ability to plan the success of a task allows them to create a more fluent and nuanced language.
 
Keywords: Accuracy, complexity, fluency, strategic planning, unpressured within-task planning.
 
Cite as: Bakhtiary, M. R., Rezvani, E., & Namaziandost, E. (2021). Effects of strategic and unpressured within-task planning on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ oral production. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 97-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp97-115
Feminismo de plataformas: protesta y política de la organización espacial
Authors: Singh Rianka , Monti Carolina , Yansen Guillermina , Cafassi Emilio , Dolcemáscolo Agostina
Published: June 2021

Este artículo pone en cuestión la utilidad política de las plataformas como medio para la resistencia feminista. A partir de ejemplos como el #MeToo, y la Marcha de Mujeres en Washington, movimientos que se apoyaron en las plataformas para revitalizar lo que Sarah Banet-Weiser ha denominado “feminismo popular” (2018), argumento que las plataformas mediáticas tienden a asumir determinadas ideas de seguridad, privilegio y poder en relación con el espacio social. Destacando cómo las personas negras, indígenas y de color (BIPOC, en inglés) se organizan en el espacio social, señalo que el foco en la amplificación y la elevación, facilitado por la lógica de la plataforma, vela las necesidades de quienes resisten desde los márgenes. Introduzco las estrategias espaciales utilizadas por quienes deben negociar el espacio de manera distinta para desafiar la centralidad de las plataformas como medio estructurante de las luchas feministas contemporáneas.
Tecnologías culturales y economía de la información
Authors: Feruglio Ortiz Héctor Ariel
Published: June 2021

En la actualidad el capitalismo se encuentra en un momento de transformación más que en un periodo de crisis debido a un crecimiento acelerado de la economía de la información. Una transformación edificada sobre la capacidad que las plataformas digitales tienen para modular las potencias de organización económica. Esta administración robotizada del comercio informacional tiene efectos monopólicos que proletarizan la vida, erosionan los saberes y controlan los flujos mercantiles. El objetivo de éste trabajo es realizar algunos aportes conceptuales para una reflexión crítica sobre el capitalismo digital. Proponemos tres perspectivas para organizar el desarrollo del problema: a) la noción de capitalismo de plataformas de Nick Srnicek, b) la noción de capitalismo reticular de Bernard Stiegler, y c) la noción de capitalismo cibernético del colectivo Tiqqun. Por último, intentaremos articular estas perspectivas en el proyecto filosófico de una tecnología cultural propuesto por Gilbert Simondon. Esto nos permitirá elaborar ciertas condiciones propicias para gestionar vías de acción reparadoras u organizadoras en nuestros vínculos tecno-sociales como alternativas a las prácticas alienantes de la economía de la información del capitalismo digital.
¿Cómo estudiar Facebook?
Authors: Gómez-Barrera Juan Camilo
Published: June 2021

Dado que las redes sociales digitales son un fenómeno relativamente nuevo y, sobre todo, cambiante, su abordaje requiere de la constante producción de herramientas metodológicas y analíticas. En esa dirección, el presente artículo muestra cómo se puede utilizar la noción teórico-metodológica de las formaciones discursivas para analizar las redes sociales, en este caso, un modo en el que opera Facebook. Esta noción, relativa a la arqueología del saber, permite entender a las redes sociales como resultados de convergencias discursivas y enunciativas. Este aporte teórico-metodológico está ejemplificado con el caso del contagio emocional y su convergencia con Facebook.
El trabajo en la trama automotriz argentina: un estudio sobre la segmentación y evolución del empleo a lo largo de una década
Authors: Miranda Ana , Alfredo Miguel Angel
Published: June 2021

El artículo propone aportar al campo de los estudios del trabajo a través de una investigación sobre las ocupaciones de la trama productiva automotriz en el período 2006-2016 en Argentina. Sostiene que existe una interacción entre la segmentación laboral y los entramados industriales de capitales de considerable volumen, lo cual no implica una necesaria e intrínseca lógica de subordinación. La hipótesis central del texto plantea que: a) la trama productiva automotriz cuenta con una organización del trabajo segmentada en donde, b) el movimiento del ciclo económico presenta condiciones diferenciadas al interior de las diversas actividades que la componen. La fuente principal de análisis corresponde a datos cuantitativos. Los segmentos laborales son definidos como segmento primario (vinculados a la producción/fabricación de automotores y autopartes) y el segmento secundario (referente a la venta, reparación y mantenimiento de automotores y sus componentes). Los resultados proponen la expansión de dos fases durante el período en análisis, en donde los segmentos laborales experimentan un comportamiento diferenciado, que afecta la calidad del empleo en el conjunto de la trama.
Reproducción de la vida, superexplotación y organización popular en clave feminista: una lectura desde Argentina
Authors: Díaz Lozano Juliana Agustina , Féliz Mariano
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo se pregunta sobre cómo se articula el patriarcado del salario con el proceso de superexplotación de la fuerza de trabajo (SEFT). La categoría SEFT, acuñada por Mauro Marini, opera como atractor en torno al cual se articula el proceso de valorización del capital en la economía dependiente. El trabajo reproductivo ocupa un lugar clave en garantizar condiciones materiales y simbólicas adecuadas para la producción continua de un flujo de fuerza de trabajo disponible para ser directamente explotado por el capital. En el capitalismo, el patriarcado del salario es un medio fundamental para la expropiación del trabajo de las mujeres. ¿Puede servir el concepto de superexplotación del trabajo de reproducción y cuidados para entender la dinámica específica de las economías dependientes? Desarrollaremos una discusión en torno a la naturaleza del concepto de superexplotación y su vinculación con el proceso de explotación del trabajo de las mujeres en economías dependientes.
Ejercicio exploratorio de comparabilidad de las prácticas de discriminación: los casos de la Argentina y Chile
Authors: Molina Derteano Pablo Federico
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo se propone explorar las relaciones entre un enfoque radical de la desigualdad que considera las posiciones estructurales y las prácticas de la discriminación. Revisando la literatura reciente, en especial en discriminación estructural, se propone un modelo explicativo en el que se comparan los casos de la Argentina y Chile con datos del Mapa Nacional de la Discriminación (Segunda Edición) del primero y el módulo en la encuesta CASEN en el segundo. Se miden por separado la incidencia de las posiciones socioeconómicas a partir del máximo nivel educativo del Principal Sostén de Hogar (Modelo 1) y la incidencia del género, el origen migrante y la pertenencia a pueblos originarios (Modelo 2) en la experiencia de haber sufrido algún tipo de discriminación. En ambos modelos, las variables independientes se muestran significativas, aun cuando la bondad de ajuste es modesta. El Modelo 1 es más robusto en el caso argentino.
Desigualdades socioeconómicas en salud en la Argentina e Italia en 2015-2018
Authors: Rodríguez Espínola Solange , Filgueira Pilar , Sarti Simone
Published: June 2021

En la literatura hay una falta de investigación acerca de las desigualdades en salud en Sudamérica y sus diferencias con respecto a las de los países desarrollados. Como en Italia se han registrado tendencias similares en los últimos años y muestra similaridades con la Argentina, se ha decidido utilizar el país mediterráneo con fines comparativos. La hipótesis planteada consistió en que, más allá de las diferencias estructurales, las desigualdades en salud presentarían patrones similares en ambos países, caracterizados por una economía capitalista. Los grupos sociales en posiciones educativas y ocupacionales favorables exhibirían un mejor estado de salud que los grupos desfavorecidos. Se presentaron algunas estadísticas descriptivas sobre la situación general en los dos países, y luego se analizaron datos provenientes de dos encuestas que recolectan información individual sobre condiciones sociales y estados de salud (EDSA, de 2017 a 2018, y “EHIS - European Health Interview Survey”, ISTAT, 2015). Los resultados muestran que la Argentina e Italia poseen diferentes niveles de bienestar, tasa de mortalidad y servicios de salud, pero que las disparidades relativas en salud parecen muy similares, confirmando la hipótesis de Marmot (2017) sobre la forma general de las desigualdades en salud. Trabajadores manuales y precarios, particularmente las personas desempleadas, sistemáticamente presentan un peor estado de salud percibido con respecto a las clases sociales más altas.
Articulaciones entre desigualdades, aprendizajes y tecnologías digitales: un recorrido por conceptos clave
Authors: Lemus Magdalena
Published: June 2021

El cruce entre tecnologías y desigualdades ha generado diversos debates y posicionamientos, permaneciendo vigente conforme cambian los contextos, las tecnologías y las iniciativas de los Estados y organizaciones para afrontar las desigualdades. En este trabajo, presentamos discusiones y conceptualizaciones teóricas que se han elaborado en torno al vínculo entre desigualdades y tecnologías digitales a lo largo de las últimas dos décadas. A su vez, analizamos los corrimientos que ha experimentado este campo temático, involucrando nuevas dimensiones de análisis y pasando del foco en el acceso a la incorporación de los interrogantes por las calidades, las prácticas y las alfabetizaciones. Para adelantar algunas conclusiones, podemos señalar que el análisis que aquí presentamos da cuenta del dinamismo con que el campo académico ha buscado comprender los diversos procesos de cambio que han tenido lugar a partir de la participación de las tecnologías digitales en diversas esferas de nuestras sociedades. En este sentido, identificamos una variedad de conceptos que, con distinto alcance y popularidad, han intentado describir nuevas prácticas y significados y su intersección con estructuras y procesos sociales de larga data.
La colaboración internacional como estrategia para la producción de conocimiento: aportes al debate académico y político sobre las desigualdades sociales y nuevas perspectivas teórico-metodológicas para la investigación comparada. Reseña del libro: López-Roldán, P. y Fachelli S. (2021). Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between
Authors: Atairo Daniela , Piovani Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Este libro editado por Pedro López-Roldán y Sandra Fachelli es el primero de la red académica internacional INCASI (International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities), conformada por más de 165 investigadores/as de 20 universidades de 10 países, cinco de Europa (España, Italia, Francia, Gran Bretaña y Finlandia) y cinco de América Latina (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Brasil y México). Se trata de una red de investigación trasnacional que se inscribe en un modelo de internacionalización alterno al convencional según la clasificación de Didou Aupetit (2020), en tanto se focaliza en la coproducción del conocimiento y en la circulación de saberes, entendiendo a la movilidad académica como un medio que permite el desarrollo de la formación y la investigación para aportar al diseño de acciones estatales y sociales.
Desigualdades en América Latina. Registros sociológicos de un problema urgente. Reseña de Benza, G. y Kessler, G.. (2020).La ¿nueva? estructura social de América Latina. Cambios y persistencias después de la ola de gobiernos progresistas. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI Editores
Authors: Caneva Hernán
Published: June 2021

Nos encontramos en tiempos de profunda incertidumbre social, política y económica, y en el marco de una crisis sanitaria que repercute sobre la configuración del modelo de acumulación capitalista a nivel global a causa de la pandemia Co-vid 19. Para quienes formamos parte de las ciencias sociales, conocer, comprender y transformar la estructura social de nuestra América se convierte en un desafío intelectual y a la vez político, habida cuenta de las desigualdades que persisten y se reproducen en toda la región.
UNASUR Salud: experiencias y debates al final de un ciclo
Authors: Narea Marco , Benzi Daniele
Published: June 2021

La creación del Consejo de Salud Suramericano (CSS o UNASUR Salud) abrió un espacio político e institucional innovador para el debate regional en esta materia. Bajo el impulso del gobierno de Brasil, UNASUR Salud y el Instituto Suramericano de Gobierno en Salud (ISAGS) promovieron la discusión sobre un pensamiento sanitario regional y el establecimiento de políticas comunes. No obstante, pese al vigor inicial y a algunos logros parciales, el CSS ya mostraba señales de estancamiento cuando la llegada al poder de gobiernos antitéticos al tipo de regionalismo promovido por la UNASUR terminaría exacerbando los problemas internos, quedándose desarmado a mediados de 2019. Así, cuando la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró al Covid-19 como pandemia en marzo de 2020, UNASUR Salud ya no tenía capacidad de respuesta. El artículo propone un recuento de la trayectoria del Consejo de Salud apoyado en la revisión de documentación oficial y literatura especializada; busca destacar críticamente logros y limitaciones del CSS haciendo hincapié en el rol de Brasil y; finalmente, abre el debate sobre la falta de respuestas comunes entre los gobiernos suramericanos frente a la pandemia del Covid-19.
Un feliz cumpleaños ¿En si, si#o si#?
Authors: Torres Javier Carlos
Published: June 2021

Existen situaciones en el contexto de atención clínica en Musicoterapia que, en cierto modo, se ubican al borde del espacio de consultorio. Una de ellas, sobre la que versa el presente trabajo, se liga al recibir la invitación a concurrir al cumpleaños de un paciente, con la consiguiente necesidad de poner en juego algún tipo de respuesta por parte del profesional, la cual no será sin consecuencias: sea aﬁrmativa, negativa o evasiva. A partir del planteamiento de una serie de preguntas que me fueron surgiendo ante el encuentro con una situación de esta índole, se intentará otorgarle a la cuestión el carácter clínico que estimo merece ya que, si bien no se desarrolla puertas adentro del consultorio, no por ello carece de las condiciones y direccionamientos que en él se buscan sostener.
Consonancias
Authors: Cannarozzo Verónica , Godetti Erica , Mancini Flavia , Moscuzza Cecilia Andrea , Gonnet Daniel , Diaz Abrahan Verónika
Published: June 2021

La pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, generó mayores exigencias para quienes se desempeñan en el sistema de salud, con el natural desgaste físico, psíquico y emocional que ello trajo aparejado. En este marco, surgió una vinculación a través de un convenio especíﬁco entre la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y el Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Profesor Dr. Rodolfo Rossi de la ciudad de La Plata, posibilitando a la Cátedra Libre Musicoterapia (CLM), llevar adelante el proyecto “Consonancias" el cual propuso compartir música en la tarea cotidiana de las y los trabajadores del hospital. El propósito del presente relato de experiencia profesional es mostrar el recorrido realizado por el equipo de la CLM en respuesta a la demanda especíﬁca del Hospital, evidenciando ﬁnalmente las intervenciones realizadas en el ámbito público hospitalario durante la pandemia.
DIREITOS DA PESSOA IDOSA LGBTI+
Authors: Bertolazzi de Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

Ao longo da história, por meio de decisões judiciais e um processo social evolutivo, a comunidade LGBTI+ tem avançado no cumprimento da aplicação de direitos, conquistas marcantes que trazem modificações significativas, porém longe do ideal.
PARTICIPAÇ ÃO SOCIAL E REPRESENTATIVIDADE
Authors: Gomes Sandra
Published: June 2021

Diante do exposto, entendemos que importantes docu-mentos garantem a manutenção dos direitos humanos e pressu-põem a não transgressão de suas normativas. No entanto, não é o que ocorre; a história confirma as violações desses direitos, as injustiças, as discriminações que acarretam sofrimento, miséria, desigualdade e revolta na população brasileira.
DESAFIOS DA SOCIABILIDADE E INCLUSÃO DIGITAL: Muito além de simplesmente pagar contas
Authors: Guimarães Della Croce Angelo , Henning Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Essa resposta nos fez pensar sobre como pessoas idosas (e em particular pessoas idosas LGBTI+, nossas interlocutoras de pesqui-sa) estariam lidando com os desafios da sociabilidade e da inclusão digital nos tempos atuais. Numa sociedade já profundamente de-sigual e hierárquica como a brasileira, de quais formas o direito à sociabilidade digital se materializa em usos e acessos de pessoas idosas a aplicativos, plataformas, sites, redes sociais, aparelhos e dispositivos tecnológicos?
ACESSO À SAÚDE
Authors: Furst Crenitte Milton Roberto
Published: June 2021

Pensar na promoção da saúde de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais e pessoas intersexuais (LGBTI+) também é refletir sobre desigualdades e possíveis barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Algumas questões potencialmente relacionadas com a falta de confiança nos serviços de saúde e com o medo de sofrer discriminação nesses locais fazem com que essas pessoas deixem de procurá-los ou os procurem somente em emergências, e dessa forma descuidem de sua saúde.
DESAFIOS PARA O CUIDADO DAS PESSOAS IDOSAS LGBTI+ COM DEPENDÊNCIA
Authors: de Almeida Gomes Margareth Cristina , Furst Crenitte Milton Roberto
Published: June 2021

O advento do envelhecimento populacional, fenômeno mundial em curso desde as primeiras décadas do século XX transformou em desafio a assistência às pessoas idosas no âmbito dos sistemas de seguridade social de todos os países. Essa assistência se refere à manutenção do cuidado quando o idoso apresenta algum comprometimento em sua autonomia ou independência1. Nesse contexto, se faz importante a compreensão do cuidar como a promoção da assistência física, psíquica e emocional, além de supervisão para atividades de vida diária.
AS VÁRIAS FACES DA VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Vieira Chaves Mariluce , Corrêa de Britto Marcos
Published: June 2021

O crescimento da população idosa avança mais rápido do que a desconstrução de alguns mitos e estereótipos dessa fase da vida. O direito de envelhecer com a garantia de preservar sua identidade de gênero e gozar de sua sexualidade com liberdade, dignidade e respeito ainda é um tabu. O objetivo deste capítulo será apresentar os desafios próprios do envelhecimento em uma sociedade que prioriza a performance e fetichiza a jovialidade, mas que não afetam a todos na mesma dimensão. Para a população LGBTI+, esses desafios se tornam verdadeiras barreiras que silenciam as dores, excluem do convívio social e do acesso a serviços essenciais, apagam preciosos bens memoriais e, não raro, produzem a necessidade de recusa da identidade e da sexualidade. A negação da velhice e as questões que envolvem a identidade de gênero e orientação sexual são bastante comuns na vida das pessoas idosas LGBTI+.
PESSOAS IDOSAS NEGRAS LGBTI+: Uma interseccionalidade de raça, gênero e idade marcada por inequidades e discriminações
Authors: da Silva Alexandre
Published: June 2021

No nosso cotidiano a presença de pessoas idosas negras LGBTI+ ainda gera um estranhamento que reflete as acumuladas discriminações sofridas por esse grupo social ao longo da vida. Trata--se do racismo que vem desde a infância gerando adoecimentos físicos, mentais e emocionais. Ocorre também o etarismo1 e, ainda que idosos e idosas constituam o segmento populacional que mais cresce no país, nota-se o aumento das barreiras para o envelhecimento ativo de todas as pessoas de 60 anos ou mais. Existe ainda a discriminação por não seguirem um comportamento heteronormativo. Sua velhice é considerada dissidente por “transgredir” valores sociais que aumentam as inequidades sociais e repercutem limitando as condições de vida para alcançar uma boa saúde e participação social.
MORADIA E DIFICULDADES EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA
Authors: Brütt Malaquias Priscila , Jara Casco de Carvalho Vinicius
Published: June 2021

O Brasil experimenta um dos maiores envelhecimentos demográ-ficos mundiais, com uma transição que ocorre em um contexto de poucos recursos e grandes desigualdades sociais. Além disso, é o país que mundialmente mais mata a população LGBTI+. E quando a pessoa idosa LGBTI+ apresenta a necessidade de ir viver em uma moradia assistida? No contexto em que essa população já sofre com os estigmas da própria velhice, quais desafios encontramos ao adicionar à discussão questões da sexualidade e identidade de gênero?
Nitrate supplementation at two forage levels in dairy cows feeding: milk production and composition, fatty acid profiles, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and hydrogen sink
Authors: Sharifi Majid , Taghizadeh Akbar , Hosseinkhani Ali , Mohammadzadeh Hamid , Palangi Valiollah , Macit Muhlis , Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. , Abachi Soheila
Published: June 2021

Nitrate may reduce the ruminal methane emission by competing methanogenesis to achieve more hydrogen. For this purpose, twenty Holstein lactating cows were examined using a 2×2 factorial design in 4 groups for 60 days with two forage levels (40% and 60%) and supplemental nitrate 0% (F40 and F60) and 3.5% (F40N and F60N) of diet dry matter (DM). Then, the effect of nitrate and forage levels on cow performance, ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and metabolic hydrogen sink were evaluated. The nitrate supplementation did not significantly affect milk yield and ECM/DMI, while milk urea nitrogen was increased. Lowest quantity of milk vitamins (A and E) was observed in nitrate groups. The nitrate supplementation increased c9-C18:1, unsaturated fatty acids, and n-6/n-3 contents of the milk. Blood parameters were affected by nitrate supplementation. Blood met-Hb concentration was increased, while blood glucose was decreased in nitrate groups. High forage and nitrate fed animals (F60N) had higher ruminal acetate and lower propionate concentration, and higher acetate+butyrate to propionate ratio than other groups. Nitrite and NH3-N concentrations were higher in the rumen of nitrate fed animals. Nitrate supplementation inhibited gas volume and methane emission without affecting volatile fatty acids at 12 and 24 h of incubation. The H2 balance, H2 production and consumption, and recovery percentage were significantly lower in F60N group. In conclusion, nitrate supplementation can be employed as an alternative strategy for improving ruminal fermentation, milk quality and methane inhibition.
Effect of Brachystegia Eurycoma Flour Addition on the Physicochemical Properties of Whole Millet Flour and the Sensory Attributes of its Gluten-Free Bread
Authors: Irondi Emmanuel Anyachukwu , Imam Yunus Temitayo , Ajani Emmanuel Oladipo
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the effect of addition of Brachystegia eurycoma flour (BEF), a natural source of hydrocolloids, on the physicochemical properties of whole millet flour (WMF) and the sensory attributes of its gluten-free bread. BEF and sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose (a reference hydrocolloid) were added to WMF at 1.5 and 3% proportions, and breads were baked from the blends. Wheat flour (100%CWF) bread served as the control. Amylose level decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while water absorption capacity, peak and final viscosities of the blends increased with increasing proportion of BEF. The 100%CWF bread had better sensory qualities than WMF-BEF breads. Hence, BEF improved the physicochemical properties of WMF-BEF blend, but did not alter the sensory qualities of its gluten-free bread.
Evaluation of Flours from Ancient Varieties of Wheat (Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt) used in Production of Bread
Authors: Belcar Justyna , Sobczyk Anna , Sekutowski Tomasz R. , Stankowski Sławomir , Gorzelany Józef
Published: June 2021

The study investigates rheological properties of dough and baking process made from flour obtained by milling grains from ancient varieties of wheat (einkorn, emmer and spelt), compared to common wheat flour dough (Arkadia variety). The findings show that einkorn flour dough and emmer flour dough present poor tolerance to mechanical processing and prolonged fermentation. These types of dough should be mixed through relatively short, and fermentation time should not exceed 80 minutes for einkorn dough and 45 minutes in the case of emmer dough. In the case of spelt flour dough, the optimum duration of mechanical processing and fermentation amounted to 10 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. In terms of technological and baking parameters, spelt flour was most similar to the flour obtained by milling conventional wheat, and the superiority of the former was in fact identified in the case of selected factors. A one-stage method was used in the baking process and the bread was then subjected to organoleptic and physicochemical assessments and to texture profile analysis (TPA). Measurements were also performed to determine the indicators reflecting the quality of the baking processes, including dough yield, baking loss and bread yield. The physical parameters of the bread produced were significantly related to the wheat variety. The loaves made from einkorn and spelt flour were of good quality, comparable to the bread made from the conventional wheat, while their baking quality indicators were satisfying. Bread dough made from emmer flour did not meet the required parameters mainly related to the organoleptic assessment and selected physical properties of the bread crumb. However, the one-stage production method should not be applied to doughs made from emmer flour. Given the specific characteristics of the breads produced from the ancient wheat varieties, including their pleasant taste and aroma, as well as attractive colour in the case of einkorn bread, these baked products may be an interesting addition to the assortment of breads on offer from bakeries, restaurants and agritourist farms.
Bioactive, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Cooked and Uncooked Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum)
Authors: Karigidi Kayode Olayele , Oso Babatunde Joseph , Akintimehin Emmanuel Sina , Odusola Omolola Maria , Adetuyi Foluso Olutope
Published: June 2021

Potatoes are considered very important staple and antioxidant-rich tubers in human diet. The present study evaluated the bioactive, antioxidant, antidiabetic and inhibition of lipid peroxidation properties of cooked and uncooked Irish potatoes. The samples were subjected to total phenolic (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoids (TFC), ascorbic acid (AsA) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity analyses using spectrophotometric method. Also Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were assayed. The results revealed that there is no significant (p < 0.05) difference in TPC and TAC of the potatoes samples but there was a significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in TFC and reduction in AsA of the cooked potatoes. There is also dose-dependent inhibition in DPPH and α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The IC50 revealed that cooked sample has significant higher (p < 0.05) inhibition in the enzymes assay. The lipid peroxidation was also reduced upon incubation with Irish potato samples but higher inhibition was exhibited by the cooked potato. In conclusion, this study has shown that Irish potato can be a good functional food in the management of diseases.
Evaluation of Crystalline Cellulose of Corn Straw through Different Pretreatments Via X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen He , Yin Chun , Shangguan Wenfei , He Yunxia , Chen Li , Yu Jianjun
Published: June 2021

Waste recycling is beneficial not only for the environment but also for the economy and the society at large. Corn stalks, the most abundant crop waste, are processed with oven drying, steaming, complex enzymatic hydrolysis (cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase and pectinase), and fermentation (by Candida utilis and Pachysolen tannophilus), were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The results indicated that thermophilic digestion destroyed glycosidic bonds and fibrous crystal have a significant effect on the degradation of the corn stalks, while complex enzyme hydrolysis only slightly degraded fibrous crystal. Fermentation did not significantly reduce fibrous crystal. Therefore, our research suggested that thermophilic digestion is the appropriate way to increase the saccharification rate and feed yield of corn stalks.
Effect of Alcalase on Antioxidant and Antihypertensive activities of Goat Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus Plantarum L60 and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus LR22
Authors: Shu Guowei , Wang Zifei , Dai Chunji , Yao Chunxu , Dong Xu , Wan Hongchang , Chen He
Published: June 2021

Effect of alcalase addition, inoculum size, bacterial ratio, fermentation time and temperature on antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of goat milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum L60 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR22 was studied by using DPPH free radical scavenging rate, ACE inhibition rate, pH, and titer acidity as responses through single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal alcalase addition, inoculum size, bacterial ratio, fermentation time and temperature was 0.15%, 5%, 1:1, 12h and 37°C, respectively, the probiotic goat milk prepared under these conditions had high antioxidant and antihypertensive activities.
Effect on Phytochemical Content and Microbial Contamination of Actinidia Fruit after Shock Cooling and Storage
Authors: Figiel-Kroczyńska Monika , Ochmian Ireneusz
Published: June 2021

Mini kiwi fruits are tasty and contain valuable nutrients - vitamin, micro end macroelements and polyphenols. The tested cultivars (Sientiabrskaja, Geneva, Issai, Ken’s Red) belong to two species of Actinidia (A. arguta and A. kolomikta), which tolerate well the conditions of a temperate climate with negative temperatures in winter. The effect of postharvest shock cooling on fruit quality was investigated after 6 weeks of storage in CA and then after 5 days of shelf life. Shock cooling of fruit after harvest reduced adverse changes in fruit quality after storage in CA cold storage and shelf life. They were firmer, more puncture resistant, and retained more L-ascorbic acid and polyphenols. After 6 weeks of cold storage in CA, eight types of fungi and molds were found that caused the mycotoxins patulin, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were found in the fruit of all cultivars. Fruits of the Ken’s Red cultivar were the most firm and puncture resistant, the darkest, and contained the most anthocyanins and the least L-ascorbic acid. In contrast, fruits of the cultivar Sientaibrskaja were the least suitable for storage and transport.
Experimental Investigation of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Coir Fibres
Authors: Lakhiar Muhammad Tarique , Lakhiar Muhammad Tahir , Abdullah Abd Halid , Mohamad Noridah
Published: June 2021

Many researchers have investigated alternative sources to overcome the problem of conventional building material polluting the environment by the development of green self-compacting concrete in the construction industry. The best alternative solution is to utilise non-conventional construction materials like agricultural wastes. Meanwhile, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is considered as high strength as well as high-performance concrete. The demerits, which include tensile and flexural strength, can be improved by incorporating coir fibres. The utilisation of coir fibres also modifies self-compacting concrete performance after cracking and improves the toughness. This study defines an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete containing coir fibres (CF) with different percentages being 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% at 7- and 28-days water curing. The mechanical properties include the slump flow and compressive and tensile strength were examined. The outcomes demonstrated that a required slump flow for self-compacting concrete was achieved using coir fibres up to 1%, beyond which it reduced the slump significantly. The length of fibre and proportion of fibres directly affected the workability. The compressive strength was 10% to 15% enhanced with the incorporation of coir fibres up to 0.5%; after that, the strength was slightly reduced, and tensile strength was 30% to 50% improved compared to conventional self-compacting concrete up to 1% of coir fibres incorporation in the SCC mix, after which it rapidly reduced.
The Effects of Delays in Algerian Construction Projects: An Empirical Study
Authors: Salhi Roumeissa , Messaoudi Karima
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the effects of delays in the Algerian construction industry in order to identify the various critical aspects of the causes for improving the economy in the construction sector. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the perceptions of all players in the construction industry, which led to the identification of the most significant impacts of delays. The results show that ten main effects of delays in the construction sector are at the origin of many constraints that have a negative impact on the economy of the country. Further, the factor analysis technique was performed to categorize the identified effects into main groups, and it yielded 5 groups (factors). As an important contribution, the relationship between these groups was tested using the SMART-PLS, and a structural model has been developed. Also, a comparative study with other previous works on the most critical effect of delays in construction projects has been conducted and the results show that the main effects of delays in the construction industry are at the root of many constraints in reaching and achieving the objectives.
Performance Analysis Based on Experimental Data of Backpressure Steam Turbine for Cogeneration in Saturated Steam Applications
Authors: Vescovi Guilherme , Grazziotin Gabriel , Souza Tales , Guillen Jorge , Quan Ge
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to validate the performance capabilities of a Pressure Reducing Turbine (PRT) with respect to initial predictions based on analytic calculations. The designed equipment was installed in a beverage facility, located in Brazil. The validation procedure consists of analyzing the data collected in several periods of PRT’s operation, accessed remotely via an online server. The analysis of empirical data identifies the behavior of two key variables: generated power and effective efficiency. However, the observed boundary conditions differed significantly from expected values, forcing the turbine to operate in off-design conditions. The turbine model was hence refined and used to predict the PRT’s performance in such conditions. Results showed satisfactory accuracy for both power and efficiency predictions.
Tactical Aspects Referring to the Military Regulations of the Romanian and Soviet Infantry around the beginning of the orld War II
Authors: Halip Ionel
Published: June 2021

In this article, a comparison study was done on the tactical principles of the Romanian infantry and the Soviet one around the beginning of the Second World War, in the context of developing and perfecting the weaponry. In order to reach this objective, there was an analysis of the regulations of the infantry emerged after the end of the First World War, emphasizing the differences and the parallels in tactical norms for the battalion and the infantry regiment. Likewise, the differences concerning the wording, content, appendices and the mission report are presented in an order of operations between the two armies. Having considered that during the Eastern Campaign, the Romanian army had suffered human losses due to the cold and lack of protection equipment, it was analyzed whether the Romanian regulations had foreseen protective measurements during winter time. At the same time, the article presents the operations during winter envisioned in the Soviet regulation, both for offense and defense, and also the measures that had to be taken in order to prevent frostbite.
The External Environment and its Influence on the Development of Military and Civilian Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Halmaghi Elisabeta-Emilia
Published: June 2021

Higher education institutions, as organizations that “provide education”, are those that generate and transfer knowledge to society through teaching and research activities. Viewed as open systems, higher education institutions influence and, in turn, are influenced by their external environment. In the case of military institutions of higher education, the particularities of the military environment determine the appearance of specific characteristics of the external environment.
Determination by Calculation of the Lifespan of Infantry Armament Barrels and Verification through their Reception Firing and of the Armament
Authors: Popescu Stelian
Published: June 2021

During normal operation of the weaponry it is important not to cause incidents that put it out of use. For this reason, the article proposes a mathematical instrument for calculating the life of the barrels and a complex methodology for checking by firing them and the armament on which they are mounted. The whole issue is addressed both to the personnel specialized in the design and construction of infantry weapons systems and to the personnel that are in the sphere of their exploitation.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: update on diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Popoiag Roxana-Emanuela , Fierbințeanu-Braticevici Carmen
Published: June 2021

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, with an increased risk of mortality. For this reason, a diagnostic paracentesis should be performed in all patients with ascites and clinical features with high diagnostic suspicion. Although literature data abound in identifying new diagnostic markers in serum or ascites, they have not yet been validated. The final diagnosis requires the analysis of ascites and the presence of > 250 mm3 neutrophil polymorphonuclear (PMN) in ascites. If previous data showed that the most common microorganisms identified were represented by gram-negative bacteria, we are currently facing an increase in gram-positive bacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Although prompt and effective treatment is required to prevent outcomes, this becomes challenging as first-line therapies may become ineffective leading to worsening prognosis and increased in-hospital mortality. In this paper we will make a brief review of existing data on the diagnosis and treatment of SBP.
ANJING DALAM BUDAYA PAPUA (Dog in the Papua Culture)
Authors: Maryone Rini
Published: June 2021

Tribes in Papua consider dogs to be animals that have important values for their lives. This paper aims to determine the function of dogs for the lives of tribes in Papua and to determine the value of these dogs for the lives of tribes in Papua. The method used in this study is an ethno-archaeological approach. The function of dogs in the lives of several tribes in Papua is as friends for hunting and also as their dema and totem. The Momuna and Korowai tribes use dog tooth fangs as payment for dowry, custom fines, and also used as body jewelry in the form of necklaces and bracelets. The sacred value of a dog for the lives of these tribes is the belief that a dog can expel subtle creatures (demons, dead spirits, evil magic, suanggi) by barking and also as dema / totems that can provide abundant hunting blessings.

ABSTRAK

Suku-suku di Papua menganggap anjing merupakan binatang yang mempunyai nilai penting bagi kehidupan mereka. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi anjing bagi kehidupan suku-suku yang berada di Papua serta untuk mengetahui nilai anjing tersebut bagi kehidupan suku-suku di Papua. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Fungsi anjing dalam kehidupan beberapa suku-suku yang berada di Papua adalah sebagai sahabat untuk berburu dan juga sebagai dema dan totem mereka. Suku Momuna dan Suku Korowai menggunakan taring gigi anjing sebagai pembayaran mas kawin, denda adat, dan juga dijadikan perhiasan tubuh berupa kalung dan gelang. Nilai sakral seekor anjing bagi kehidupan suku-suku ini adalah kepercayaan bahwa seekor anjing dapat mengusir makluk halus (setan, roh-roh orang mati, sihir jahat, suanggi) dengan cara menggonggong dan juga sebagai dema/totem yang dapat memberikan berkat berburuan yang melimpah.
BUDAYA MARITIM DI PESISIR UTARA PAPUA (Maritime Culture in the Papua North Coast)
Authors: Suroto Hari , Djami Erlin N. I.
Published: June 2021

The sea has been instrumental in the life of coastal communities of northern Papua since prehistoric times to historical times. The sea becomes a source of food and a means of liaison with the outside through a series of voyages. It is interesting to do maritime archeological research on the northern coast of Papua. The purpose of this research is about the shape of maritime culture on the north coast of Papua as well as the maritime tradition on the northern coast of Papua. This research was conducted with data collection, data analysis and data interpretation. The forms of maritime culture on the north coast of Papua include livelihoods, traditional knowledge related to maritime, living equipment, and local wisdom in the preservation of maritime resources. The maritime tradition on the northern coast of Papua recognizes local wisdom in organizing, managing, utilizing and participating in conserving marine and coastal resources.

ABSTRAK

Laut sangat berperan dalam kehidupan masyarakat pesisir utara Papua sejak masa prasejarah hingga masa sejarah. Laut menjadi sumber dalam mendapatkan makanan serta menjadi sarana penghubung dengan luar melalui serangkaian pelayaran. Sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian arkeologi maritim di pantai utara Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengenai bentuk kebudayaan maritim di pantai utara Papua serta tradisi maritim di pantai utara Papua. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, analisis data dan interpretasi data. Bentuk kebudayaan maritim di pantai utara Papua meliputi mata pencaharian hidup, pengetahuan tradisional terkait dengan maritim, peralatan hidup, dan kearifan lokal dalam pelestarian sumberdaya maritim. Tradisi maritim di pantai utara Papua mengenal kearifan lokal dalam mengatur, mengelola, memanfaatkan serta ikut melestarikan sumber daya laut dan pesisir.
RUMAH TRADISIONAL SUKU KAMORO (Traditional House of Kamoro Tribe)
Authors: Maryone Rini
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the tradisional houses karapauw kame and mitoro pole of the Kamoro in Mimika District. The problems raised in the paper is how the form, function, and cultural velues of tradisional homes karapauw kame and mitoro pole. The metohod used is qualitative method, with inductive reasoning as a minsed in solving problems that have been done before. The results of research houses karapauw kame and mitoro poles are expected to and reference tribal house in Papua in particular and in Indonesia generally. ABSTRAK Tulisan ini mengkaji rumah tradisional Karapauw kame dan tiang mitoro pada suku Kamoro di kabupaten Mimika. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana bentuk, fungsi dan nilai budaya rumah tradisional karapauw kame dan tiang mitoro. Metode yang di gunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan penalaran induktif sebagai pola pikir dalam memecahkan rumusan masalah yang telah diajukan sebelumnya. Diharapkan budaya masa lampau ini dapat direkontruksi lewat data etnografi dari tradisi masyarakat yang masih berlangsung (pendekatan etnoarkeologi). Hasil penelitian rumah tradisional Karapauw kame dan tiang mitoro di harapkan pulah dapat menambah referensi rumah suku yang ada di Papua khususnya dan di Indonesia umumnya.