bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Progenitor Cells Promote Tumour Progression in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Feng Ya-xing , Li Wei , Wen Xu-dong , Zhang Ning , Liu Wei-hui , Yang Zhan-yu
Published: November 2020

Objective. As sinusoidal endothelial cell progenitor cells (SEPCs) play a significant role in liver regeneration, it is necessary to elucidate whether SEPCs participate in tumour progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. A total of 45 patients with primary HCC who underwent liver resection were included in this study. The liver tumours were removed from the patients, and partial tissues were prepared to identify SEPCs through double staining of CD133/CD45 and CD133/CD31 at the same location. Blood samples were collected to examine liver function parameters and tumour markers. The demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were collected for correlation analysis with SEPCs. Results. SEPCs were observed in several blood vessels within the HCC nodules of all 45 patients, but no SEPCs were detected in the tumour-adjacent tissues. The number of SEPCs was correlated with the expression levels of HCC tumour markers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and CA199. There was a positive correlation between the expression of SEPC markers and diameter of HCC tumours in differently differentiated specimens (

P
<
0.01

). The expression levels of SEPC markers were significantly higher in patients with poorly differentiated HCC than in patients with moderately and highly differentiated HCC (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. SEPCs are closely associated with HCC progression; therefore, SEPCs may be considered potential prognostic and metastatic biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for HCC.
Reversed Septal Curvature Is Associated with Elevated Troponin Level in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rajtar-Salwa Renata , Tokarek Tomasz , Dimitrow Paweł Petkow
Published: November 2020

The aim of study was to compare patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy divided according to septal configuration assessed in a 4-chamber apical window. The study group consisted of 56 consecutive patients. Reversed septal curvature (RSC) and non-RSC were diagnosed in 17 (30.4%) and 39 (69.6%) patients, respectively. Both RSC and non-RSC groups were compared in terms of the level of high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI), NT-proBNP (absolute value), NT-proBNP/ULN (value normalized for sex and age), and echocardiographic parameters, including left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG). A higher level of hs-TnI was observed in RSC patients as compared to the non-RSC group (102 (29.2-214.7) vs. 8.7 (5.3-18) (ng/l),

p
=
0.001

). A trend toward increased NT-proBNP value was reported in RSC patients (1279 (367.3-1186) vs. 551.7 (273-969) (pg/ml),

p
=
0.056

). However, no difference in the NT-proBNP/ULN level between both groups was observed. Provocable LVOTG was higher in RSC as compared to non-RSC patients (51 (9.5-105) vs. 13.6 (7.5-31) (mmHg),

p
=
0.04

). Furthermore, more patients with RSC had prognostically unfavourable increased septal thickness to left LV diameter at the end diastole ratio. Patients with RSC were associated with an increased level of hs-TnI, and the only trend observed in this group was for the higher NT-proBNP levels. RSC seems to be an alerting factor for the risk of ischemic events. Not resting but only provocable LVOTG was higher in RSC as compared to non-RSC patients.
Comparing and Correlating Outcomes between Open and Percutaneous Access in Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Aortic Aneurysms Using a Retrospective Cohort Study Design
Authors: DeVito Peter , Kimyaghalam Ali , Shoukry Sameh , DeVito Robert , Williams John , Kumar Eashaa , Vitvitsky Eugene
Published: November 2020

Objective. This retrospective cohort study is aimed at determining the safety and efficacy between Femoral Open-Cutdown access and Percutaneous access with Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) by contrasting perioperative complication rates. We hypothesized that the percutaneous approach is a better alternative for aortic aneurysm patients as it is minimally invasive and has been demonstrated to decrease the length of hospital stay. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data for patients undergoing EVAR between the years of 2005 and 2013. We then compared overall mortality, hematoma or seroma formation, graft infection, arterio-venous injury, distal embolization, limb loss, myocardial infarction or arrhythmia, and renal dysfunction. Results were demonstrated using a retrospective cohort study design to confirm the hematoma rate associated with EVAR open compared to percutaneous access. Results. Our series involves 73 patients who underwent percutaneous access for EVAR (

n
=
49

) or traditional open cutdown (

n
=
24

). Percutaneous access resulted in significantly less hematoma formation when compared to the traditional open cutdown (4% vs. 12.5%;

p
<
0.059

). Our analysis suggests decreased mortality rates associated with EVAR as compared to the Open-Cutdown method using Northside Medical Center’s Study and the OVER Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study (

p
=
0.0053

). Conclusion. Percutaneous access for EVAR is safe and effective when compared to Open-Cutdown access for aortic aneurysm patients. Percutaneous access was associated with decreased rates of in-hospital mortality, hematoma formation, graft infection, and respiratory failure.
Determination of Curve Speed Zones for Mountainous Freeways
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Qiao Jie , Hu Yanting , Fang Tengyuan , Xu Ting , Xiang Yusheng , Han Yi
Published: November 2020

Different vehicular speed limits may have an impact on the balance between safety and efficiency of travel on mountainous road corners associated with complex road conditions. Placing suitable speed limit warning signs does not merely effectively improve traffic safety but can also improve traffic efficiency. In this study, a global positioning system (GPS) terminal and Metrocount were used to collect vehicle speed data from more than 40 provincial-level curves in 8 provinces over the course of 1 year. Each road data collection time-period lasted approximately 8 hours. A descriptive statistics method was adopted by means of data screening and pretreatment. Additionally, both a velocity difference estimation model was established and a linear model of velocity differential estimation was constructed. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the safe speed, the driver’s expected speed, and the location of the speed limit warning signs. This demonstrated a positive correlation with the initial speed. When the difference in speed was greater than 15 km/h, a safety warning sign was required to limit the design speed to 80 km/h. A safety warning sign was also required when the corner radius was less than 300 m. The location of safety warning signs could be calculated based on the operating speed and taking driving safety and the visual range of drivers into consideration. The results can provide a theoretical reference for setting up appropriate safe speed limiting signs on road corners in mountainous areas.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Prefabricated Single‐Cracked Red Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Yuan Yue , Fu Jinlei , Wang Xiaolei , Shang Xi
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at the phenomenon of the fractured rock column in underground engineering which is prone to collapse when subjected to ground pressure. Uniaxial compression test and particle flow code (PFC2D) are used to analyze the influence of crack dip angle on the mechanical properties, crack propagation, and the failure mode of red sandstone. From the results, it is observed that the stress–strain curve of the precracked red sandstone can be divided into five stages, and there is a critical stress value in the stage of accelerated crack propagation and unstable fracture of the rock sample. Further, the peak strength, maximum strain, and the elastic modulus of the precracked red sandstone increase with the increase of crack dip angle, and the ultimate failure mode of rock sample changes from the “ladder” type failure to slope uneven failure. Furthermore, from PFC2D simulation, it is found that the tensile microcracks contribute more towards the failure of rock samples than the shear cracks. The contact force chain is very weak at the places where the precracks and macroshear planes are formed. This indicates that the original contact force is weakened due to particle fracture. Therefore, the bearing capacity of the precracked rock samples decreases with the increase in load. From the simulation results, it is found that the displacement at the shear plane of the rock sample is large, and the shear dilatation occurs. With the increase in load, the specimen falls off and is ejected. This is due to the weakening of the contact force between the internal particles. Thereafter, it fractures to produce microcracks, which gradually converge, thus providing a prerequisite for the transformation of elastic strain energy into kinetic energy.
Influence of Early Bladder Imaging in Experimental Rabbits on the Quantitative Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate by the Gates Method
Authors: Wang Changyin , Li Shun , Gao Chun , Maimaiti Wasili , Yang Qisheng , Jiang Linglong
Published: November 2020

Objective. To investigate the influence of early bladder imaging (EBI) in experimental rabbits on the quantitative calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Gates method. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS) in experimental rabbits. We calculated renal uptake during minutes 1‐2 and 2‐3 by correcting bladder radioactivity and computed the split GFR by renal uptake. Then, the EBI and GFR between 1‐2 min and 2‐3 min were compared, respectively. Results. The EBI proportion (57.3%) at 2‐3 min of DRS was higher than that (8.5%) at 1‐2 min (P < 0.05). The correlations between the 1‐2 min and 2‐3 min uptake rates of unobstructed kidneys after correction (r = 0.952‐0.979) were higher than those before correction (r = 0.859‐0.936). However, the correlation between the two in obstructed kidneys was not improved (rbefore = 0.967 versus rafter = 0.968). For unobstructed kidneys, the difference in GFR based on 2‐3 min uptake between before and after correction was significant (P < 0.05), but not in obstructed kidneys (P > 0.05). For GFR based on 1‐2 min uptake, the difference between before and after correction was not significant in obstructed or unobstructed kidneys (P > 0.05). Before correction, the GFR of unobstructed kidneys of 10.5% of the rabbits in the protein load test was lower than that in the baseline status, but not so after correction. Conclusion. The 2‐3 min EBI on DRS has a significant influence on the GFR calculated by the Gates method in experimental rabbits. Controlling water intake or calculating the GFR by 1‐2 min renal uptake helps to avoid the influence of EBI on GFR.
Pharmacological Properties of a Traditional Korean Formula Bojungchiseup‐tang on 3T3‐L1 Preadipocytes and High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity Mouse Model
Authors: Park Yea-Jin , Seo Dong-Wook , Gil Tae-Young , Cominguez Divina C. , Lee Hwan , Lee Dong-Sung , Han Insik , An Hyo-Jin
Published: November 2020

The global obesity epidemic has nearly doubled since 1980, and this increasing prevalence is threatening public health. It has been reported that natural products could contain potential functional ingredients that may assist in preventing obesity. Bojungchiseub‐tang (BJT), mentioned in the Donguibogam as an herbal medication for the treatment of edema, a symptom of obesity, consists of eleven medicinal herbs. However, the pharmacological activity of BJT has not been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the putative effect of BJT on the adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 cells and the weight gain of high‐fat diet (HFD‐) fed C57BL/6 mice. Oil Red O staining was conducted to examine the amount of lipids in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: standard diet group (control, CON), 45% HFD group (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 10% of BJT (BJT). The expression levels of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis in cells, WAT, and liver were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot, respectively. We found that BJT treatment significantly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in a dose‐dependent manner in differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells. Similar to the results of the in vitro experiment, BJT suppressed HFD‐induced weight gain in an obese mouse model. In addition, BJT effectively reduced the HFD‐induced epididymal adipose tissue weight/body weight index. BJT also downregulated the mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1 in the epididymal adipose and liver tissue of HFD‐fed obese mice. These findings suggest that BJT induces weight loss by affecting adipogenic transcription factors.
Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine Interventions on Chronic Low Back Pain Using Goal Attainment Scaling
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Ren Jianping , Liu Chaojie , He Mengyan , Ren Lixian , Lv Zhen
Published: November 2020

Background. Extensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the pain relief effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions on patients with low back pain, including in China. However, there is a dearth in the literature documenting the diverse goals of TCM interventions, let alone the overall effect of such interventions. In this study, the goal attainment scaling (GAS) method was adopted to evaluate individualised TCM interventions on chronic low back pain. Methods. A pre‐post intervention study was conducted on patients with chronic low back pain who received individualised TCM interventions in community health services. The study was undertaken in three community health centres in Hangzhou of China. A total of 165 eligible patients were invited, and 150 participated in the study, including 136 who completed both pre‐ and postintervention surveys. Each participant was asked to identify three to five intended goals from a pool of 26 outcome indicators and their corresponding expectations of these goals prior to the TCM interventions. Their conditions were rated against the selected indicators on a self‐report five‐point Likert scale before and after the TCM interventions, respectively. Gaps between the actual conditions and the expected goals were summed up for each participant and converted into a standardised GAS score, with a higher score indicating higher achievements, and 50 indicting patient expectations were met. Linear regression models were established to determine the factors associated with the pre‐post GAS changes after adjustment for variations in other variables. Results. On average, an increase of 14.99 (SD = 9.81) in the GAS scores was achieved. This resulted in a mean GAS score of 48.33 (SD = 9.74) after the TCM interventions, falling slightly short (<2) of patient expectations. The multivariate linear regression models revealed that local residents, the retired, and those who perceived lower professional competency of their attending doctors had a smaller increase in the GAS scores after adjustment for variations in other variables. Conclusion. The individualised TCM interventions can help patients with low back pain to achieve their expected goals as measured by the GAS. Further studies are needed to better understand how patients set up their goals and the professional competency requirements to meet patient expectations.
Incidental Cone Beam CT Finding of Juvenile Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Alsufyani Noura
Published: November 2020

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign mixed tumor composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, less commonly occurring in minor salivary glands or in children. A case of juvenile pleomorphic adenoma missed clinically and incidentally found in cone beam CT images is described. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic images are presented.
Effect of Unstable Mix under Severe Traffic Loading on Performance of Asphalt Pavements in Tropical Climate
Authors: Mugume Rodgers B.
Published: November 2020

This paper is aimed at assessing the in‐service performance of asphalt pavements in tropical climate under severe conditions. The main defect observed on the asphalt pavement was rutting of the asphaltic surfacing, with top‐down cracking being experienced on a few sections and not widespread but rather intermittent. Field and laboratory investigations were conducted as well as a review of design and construction records. The defects observed were confined to the wearing course layer of the surfacing with the other underlying layers performing well. Rutting was a result of heavily loaded trucks that moved at very slow speeds due to steep gradients, hence resulting in severely loaded sections. High temperatures due to the warm tropical environment exacerbated the situation and caused the asphalt to flow, hence resulting in rutting and deformation. Also, low air voids in the asphalt mix which were below the recommended design air voids specification aggravated the situation as well as the air voids after refusal density compaction being below the specified critical minimum of 3% after secondary compaction. Top‐down cracking was due to binder age hardening and embrittlement resulting from overheating of bitumen during the construction process coupled with heavy truck axles and high tyre pressures. Defects observed, therefore, resulted from an unstable asphalt mix that was not suitable for severe loading conditions; hence, the asphalt concrete laid was out of specification. The Modified Marshall Mix Design method should be used for severe sites where slow speed or heavier traffic is expected.
DPP4 Activities Are Associated with Osteopenia/Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Qiu Min , Zhai Shuheng , Liu Da
Published: November 2020

Background. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor on bone turnover in diabetes mellitus. However, little clinical evidence for DPP4 activity in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is available. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between plasma DPP4 activity and osteoporosis/osteopenia and fracture risk in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 147 subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. The bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L1-4) and femoral neck (FN) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) was assessed by a modified fracture risk algorithm (FRAX) tool. The plasma DPP4 activity and clinical variables were measured. Correlation analyses between DPP4 activity and osteoporosis/osteopenia and fracture risk were performed. Results. Elevated plasma DPP activities were significantly associated with a higher proportion of osteoporosis/osteopenia (50% for quartile-1, 56.4% for quartile-2, 65.8% for quartile-3 and 72.2% for quartile-4). With increasing plasma DPP activities, the incidence rate of osteoporosis/osteopenia is gradually increasing (

P

for the trend between quartiles = 0.04). Of note, a statistically significant linear correlation was found between plasma DPP4 activities and modified FRAX MOF (r = 0.20,

P
=
0.02

). Moreover, plasma DPP4 activities were also positively related to modified FRAX HF in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (r = 0.21,

P
=
0.01

). Conclusions. Elevated plasma DPP4 activity tended to be associated with a higher proportion of osteoporosis/osteopenia and increased the fracture risk in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Identification of Featured Metabolism-Related Genes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xie Hang , Zha Enfa , Zhang Yushun
Published: November 2020

Objective. A growing body of emerging evidence indicates that metabolic processes play a pivotal role in the biological processes underlying acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of the current study was to identify featured metabolism-related genes in patients with AMI using a support vector machine (SVM) and to further explore the value of these genes in the diagnosis of AMI. Methods. Gene microarray expression data related to AMI were downloaded from the GSE66360 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This data set consisted of 50 AMI samples and 49 normal controls that were randomly classified into a discovery cohort (21 AMI samples and 22 normal controls) and a validation cohort (28 AMI and 28 normal controls). We applied a machine learning method that combined SVM with recursive feature elimination (RFE) to discriminate AMI patients from normal controls. Based on this, an SVM classifier was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the predictive value for the early diagnosis of AMI in the two cohorts and was then further verified in an independent external cohort. Results. Three metabolism-related genes were identified based on SVM-RFE (AKR1C3, GLUL, and PDE4B). The SVM classifier based on the three genes allowed for excellent discrimination between AMI and healthy samples in both the discovery cohort (

AUC
=
0.989

) and the validation cohort (

AUC
=
0.964

), and this was further confirmed in the GSE68060 dataset (

AUC
=
0.839

). Additionally, the SVM classifier allowed for perfect discrimination between recurrent AMI events and nonrecurrent events in the GSE68060 cohort (

AUC
=
0.992

). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the identified featured genes revealed significant enrichment of specific metabolic pathways. Conclusion. The identified metabolism-related genes may play important roles in the development of AMI and may represent diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of AMI.
Study of Rock Burst Risk Evolution in Front of Deep Longwall Panel Based on Passive Seismic Velocity Tomography
Authors: Zhou Kunyou , Dou Linming , Gong Siyuan , Li Jiazhuo , Zhang Jinkui , Cao Jinrong
Published: November 2020

Monitoring and early-warning are critical for the prevention and controlling of rock burst in deep coal mining. In this study, rock burst risk assessment criterion was built based on the correlativity between seismic velocity and stress state in coal and rock body. Passive seismic velocity tomography using mining-induced seismic waves was conducted regularly and continuously. The evolution of rock burst risk and range in front of a deep longwall panel with folds and adjoining goaf was determined. The influence of pressure-relief measures on rock burst risk was analyzed. The study results indicate that burst risk level and range during panel retreating increase first and then decrease, the peak is reached when it is located at 1# syncline shaft area. When approaching the crossheading, high burst risk zones distribute along the crossheading and further intersect with those in 1# syncline shaft area. Burst risk zones in the inclination of panel show distinct zoning features. Tomography results are in good agreement with the drilling bit result, rock burst occurrence, microseismic activity, and working resistance of hydraulic supports. Pressure-relief measures and mining layout have a distinct influence on burst risk of longwall panel. For prevention and controlling of rock burst risk in deep coal mining, pressure-relief measures should be optimized based on passive tomography results.
High-Resolution SAR Image Despeckling Based on Nonlocal Means Filter and Modified AA Model
Authors: Ke Qiao , Zeng-guo Sun , Liu Yang , Wei Wei , Woźniak Marcin , Scherer Rafał
Published: November 2020

A new speckle suppression algorithm is proposed for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. It is based on the nonlocal means (NLM) filter and the modified Aubert and Aujol (AA) model. This method takes the nonlocal Dirichlet function as a linear regularization item, which constructs the weight by measuring the similarity of images. Then, a new despeckling model is introduced by combining the regularization item and the data item of the AA model, and an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the new model. The experiments show that, compared with the AA model, the proposed model has more effective performance in suppressing speckle; namely, ENL and DCV measures are 21.75% and 4.5% higher, respectively, than for NLM. Moreover, it also has better performance in keeping the edge information.
Determination of the Shear Strength of Rockfill from Small‐Scale Laboratory Shear Tests: A Critical Review
Authors: Deiminiat Akram , Li Li , Zeng Feitao , Pabst Thomas , Chiasson Paul , Chapuis Robert
Published: November 2020

Determining the shear strength of rockfill is a key task for the design and stability analysis of rockfill structures. When direct shear tests are performed, the well‐established ASTM standard requires that specimen width and thickness must be at least 10 and 6 times the maximum particle size (dmax), respectively. When the value of dmax is very large, performing such tests in laboratory with field rockfill becomes difficult or impossible. Four scaling‐down techniques were proposed in the past to obtain a modeled sample excluding oversize particles: scalping, parallel, replacement, and quadratic. It remains unclear which of the four scaling‐down techniques yields reliable shear strength of field rockfill. In this paper, an extensive review is presented on existing experimental results to analyze the capacity of each scaling‐down technique to determine the field rockfill shear strength. The analyses show that previous researches followed an inappropriate methodology to validate or invalidate a scaling‐down technique through a direct comparison between the shear strengths of modeled and field samples. None of the four scaling‐down techniques was shown to be able or unable to predict the field rockfill shear strength by extrapolation. The analyses further show that the minimum ratios of specimen size to dmax dictated by well‐established standards are largely used but are too small to eliminate the specimen size effect. In most cases, this practice results in shear strength overestimation. The validity or invalidity of scaling‐down techniques based on experimental results obtained by using the minimum ratios is uncertain. Recommendations are given for future studies.
A Multivariate and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Water Quality in Code River, Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Mochamad A. , Immanuel Yan D. , Marthanty Dwinanti R.
Published: November 2020

The efficacy of a water quality management strategy highly depends on the analysis of water quality data, which must be intensively analyzed from both spatial and temporal perspectives. This study aims to analyze spatial and temporal trends in water quality in Code River in Indonesia and correlate these with land use and land cover changes over a particular period. Water quality data consisting of 15 parameters and Landsat image data taken from 2011 to 2017 were collected and analyzed. We found that the concentrations of total dissolved solid, nitrite, nitrate, and zinc had increasing trends from upstream to downstream over time, whereas concentrations of parameter biological oxygen demand, cuprum, and fecal coliform consistently undermined water quality standards. This study also found that the proportion of natural vegetation land cover had a positive correlation with the quality of Code River’s water, whereas agricultural land and built-up areas were the most sensitive to water pollution in the river. Moreover, the principal component analysis of water quality data suggested that organic matter, metals, and domestic wastewater were the most important factors for explaining the total variability of water quality in Code River. This study demonstrates the application of a GIS-based multivariate analysis to the interpretation of water quality monitoring data, which could aid watershed stakeholders in developing data-driven intervention strategies for improving the water quality in rivers and streams.
Solid‐State Fermentation of Aspergillus niger to Optimize Extraction Process of Isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Authors: Hao Jingwei , Li Dianwei , Jing Yunrong , Zhang Lei , Liu Jiahui , Ji Yubin
Published: November 2020

We successfully extracted isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis via fermentation with Aspergillus niger and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction. In brief, we used A. niger fermentation to culture G. uralensis powder, and we optimized some key parameters such as reaction conditions of pH, inoculation concentration of A. niger, fermentation time, and solid‐liquid ratio. Based on a single‐factor experiment, we utilized the response surface methodology (RSM) approach to optimize this extraction procedure. Using the RSM approach, optimized conditions of pH = 3.694, the solid‐liquid ratio = 1 : 2.155, and the inoculation concentration of A. niger = 1466745 were selected. Optimized conditions resulted in an extraction efficiency of 1.525 mg/g. These results showed that the extraction of isoliquiritigenin was most affected by pH and then the time of fermentation and the solid‐liquid ratio. Overall, the developed extraction technique yielded 5 times the amount of isoliquiritigenin when compared to traditional methods.
Impact of Commercialized Genomic Tests on Adjuvant Treatment Decisions in Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Assi Hazem I. , Alameh Ibrahim A. , Khoury Jessica , Abdul Halim Nour , El Karak Fadi , Farhat Fadi , Berro Juliett , Sbaity Eman , Charafeddine Maya , Tfayli Arafat , Salem Ziad , El Saghir Nagi
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Advances in genomic techniques have been valuable in guiding decisions regarding the treatment of early breast cancer (EBC) patients. These multigene assays include Oncotype DX, Prosigna, and Endopredict. There has generally been a tendency to overtreat or undertreat patients, and having reliable prognostic factors could significantly improve rates of appropriate treatment administration. In this study, we showcase the impact of genomic tests on adjuvant treatment decisions in EBC patients. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective study that includes EBC patients treated between December 2016 and February 2018. The physician’s choice of treatment was recorded before and after obtaining the results of the genomics tests. Baseline demographics and pathological data were collected from medical records. Results. A total of 75 patients were included. Fifty patients underwent Oncotype DX genomic analysis, 11 patients underwent Prosigna analysis, and 14 patients underwent Endopredict analysis. A total of 21 physicians’ plans (28%) were initially undecided and then carried out after obtaining genomic test results. 13 patients were planned to undergo endocrine therapy alone, while 8 were planned to undergo both endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Treatment was changed in 26 patients (34.67%). The decision to deescalate therapy was taken in 19 patients (25.33%). The decision to escalate treatment was made in 7 patients (9.33%). Conclusion. Our study demonstrates the importance of genomics testing, as it assisted physicians in avoiding unnecessary adjuvant chemotherapy in 25.33% of patients, thus reducing side effects of chemotherapy and the financial burden on patients.
Nonlinear Optimization Method for Transmission Error of Hypoid Gear Machined by the Duplex Helical Method
Authors: Wu Shunxing , Yan Hong-Zhi , Bi Rengui , Wang Zhiyong , Zhu Pengfei
Published: November 2020

In this study, synchronous cutting of concave and convex surfaces for hypoid gear was achieved using a duplex helical method. Precise, nonlinear optimization of the transmission error driven by machine tool parameters was performed to reduce the vibration noise of the gear pair. First, the transmission error curve and contact path of the tooth surface of the initial pinion were solved using tooth contact analysis. Second, according to the preset parabolic transmission error curve, the initial gear was used to generate the target pinion, which coincided with the contact path of the initial pinion. Finally, a deviation correction model of the discrete points, corresponding to the contact paths on the concave and convex surfaces of the target and initial pinions, was established. This model was solved using the Levenberg–Marquard algorithm with the trust region strategy, to obtain optimized machine tool parameters. Synchronous optimization of the transmission errors of concave and convex surfaces of the pinion was achieved by correcting the deviations of the contact points. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a numerical example and by performing a contact area rolling test.
Chemotherapy Options beyond the First Line in HER-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Lorusso Vito , Latorre Agnese , Giotta Francesco
Published: November 2020

Despite the recent advances in the biological understanding of breast cancer (BC), chemotherapy still represents a key component in the armamentarium for this disease. Different agents are available as mono-chemotherapy options in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC (MBC) who progress after a first- and second-line treatment with anthracyclines and taxanes. However, no clear indication exists on what the best option is in some populations, such as heavily pretreated, elderly patients, triple-negative BC (TNBC), and those who do not respond to the first-line therapy. In this article, we summarize available literature evidence on different chemotherapy agents used beyond the first-line, in locally advanced or MBC patients, including rechallenge with anthracyclines and taxanes, antimetabolite and antimicrotubule agents, such as vinorelbine, capecitabine, eribulin, ixabepilone, and the newest developed agents, such as vinflunine, irinotecan, and etirinotecan.
Association between Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Vascular Remodeling in Carotid Arteries: The Plaque at RISK (PARISK) Study
Authors: Dilba Kristine , van Dijk Anouk C. , Crombag Geneviève A.J.C. , van der Steen Anton F.W. , Daemen Mat J. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Kooi M. Eline , van der Lugt Aad , Wentzel Jolanda J.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Vascular remodeling is a compensatory enlargement of the vessel wall in response to atherosclerotic plaque growth. We aimed to investigate the association between intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), vascular remodeling, and luminal dimensions in recently symptomatic patients with mild to moderate carotid artery stenosis in which the differences in plaque size were taken into account. Materials and Methods: We assessed vessel dimensions on MRI of the symptomatic carotid artery in 164 patients from the Plaque At RISK study. This study included patients with recent ischemic neurological event and ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis <70%. The cross section with the largest wall area (WA) in the internal carotid artery (ICA) was selected for analysis. On this cross section, the following parameters were determined: WA, total vessel area (TVA), and lumen area (LA). Vascular remodeling was quantified as the remodeling ratio (RR) and was calculated as TVA at this position divided by the TVA in an unaffected distal portion of the ipsilateral ICA. Adjustment for WA was performed to correct for plaque size. Results: Plaques with IPH had a larger WA (0.56 vs. 0.46 cm2; p < 0.001), a smaller LA (0.17 vs. 0.22 cm2; p = 0.03), and a higher RR (2.0 vs. 1.9; p = 0.03) than plaques without IPH. After adjustment for WA, plaques containing IPH had a smaller LA (B = −0.052, p = 0.01) than plaques without IPH, but the RR was not different. Conclusion: After correcting for plaque size, plaques containing IPH had a smaller LA than plaques without IPH. However, RR was not different.
Panitumumab-Induced Paronychia: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Yorulmaz Ahu , Yalcin Basak
Published: December 2020

Panitumumab is a recombinant, fully humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Panitumumab is indicated for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with progressive refractory disease. Targeted therapies are well known to be well tolerated; however, they may induce toxicities that are distinct from those of classical chemotherapeutic agents. For instance, EGFR inhibitors (EGFRIs) are associated with some specific dermatological adverse effects, one of which is nail toxicity. Since panitumumab is fully humanized, unlike most of the other EGFRIs, it has been reported to have reduced incidence of adverse reactions. Nail-related adverse effects are frequently observed with EGFRIs. A literature search has yielded a list of reviews describing panitumumab-induced nail toxicity. However, as far as we know, there is no case report detailing this adverse effect of panitumumab. Here, we present a case of panitumumab-induced paronychia in a 60-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer. With this case report, we would like to review the literature and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of this condition.
Development of a high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing pathway using dried blood spot specimens
Authors: Moat Stuart J , Zelek Wioleta M , Carne Emily , Ponsford Mark J , Bramhall Kathryn , Jones Sara , El-Shanawany Tariq , Wise Matt P , Thomas Annette , George Chloe , Fegan Christopher , Steven Rachael , Webb Russell , Weeks Ian , Morgan B Paul , Jolles Stephen
Published: December 2020

Background

Serological assays for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have roles in seroepidemiology, convalescent plasma-testing, antibody durability and vaccine studies. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 serology is performed using serum/plasma collected by venepuncture. Dried blood spot (DBS) testing offers significant advantages as it is minimally invasive, avoids venepuncture with specimens being mailed to the laboratory.

Methods

A pathway utilizing a newborn screening laboratory infrastructure was developed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in DBS specimens. Paired plasma and DBS specimens from SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive and -negative subjects and polymerase chain reaction positive subjects were tested. DBS specimen stability, effect of blood volume and punch location were also evaluated.

Results

DBS specimens from antibody-negative ( n = 85) and -positive ( n = 35) subjects and polymerase chain reaction positive subjects ( n = 11) had a mean (SD; range) optical density (OD) of 0.14 (0.046; 0.03–0.27), 0.98 (0.41; 0.31–1.64) and 1.12 (0.37; 0.49–1.54), respectively. An action value OD >0.28 correctly assigned all cases. The weighted Deming regression for comparison of the DBS and the plasma assay yielded: y = 0.004041 + 1.005 x, r = 0.991, Sy/ x 0.171, n = 82. Extraction efficiency of antibodies from DBS specimens was >99%. DBS specimens were stable for at least 28 days at ambient room temperature and humidity.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 IgG receptor-binding domain antibodies can be reliably detected in DBS specimens. DBS serological testing offers lower costs than either point of care or serum/plasma assays that require patient travel, phlebotomy and hospital/clinic resources; the development of a DBS assay may be particularly important for resource poor settings.
Montale in e per Elena Salibra
Authors: Boccaccio Mara
Published: November 2020

Elena Salibra (1949–2014) is increasingly to be considered a major poet of her time. The present paper situates her alongside Eugenio Montale in order to determine his influence on her poetry. The correspondence between Montale and Salibra is intellectual and poetic, reflecting Salibra’s dual orientation towards the 20th century giant as both an academic and a poet. The paper beings with an outline of recent criticism of Salibra, and proceeds directly to the texts themselves. The totality of Salibra’s oeuvre is brought under consideration, noting that even if her academic concentration was dominantly on Pascoli and Gozzano, Montale nonetheless represents an enormous presence in her work. The paper proceeds by close analysis to consider first the paratesto and then focuses on specific quotations, implicit or explicit, of Montale in Salibra. The close linguistic reading of Salibra and Montale demonstrates, in the argument of this paper, that the younger poet found an excellent master in the elder.
Testing regression and mean model approaches to facial soft-tissue thickness estimation
Authors: Houlton Tobias MR , Jooste Nicolene , Steyn Maryna
Published: November 2020

Average facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) databanks are continuously developed and applied within craniofacial identification. This study considered and tested a subject-specific regression model alternative for estimating the FSTT values for oral midline landmarks using skeletal projection measurements. Measurements were taken from cone-beam computed tomography scans of 100 South African individuals (60 male, 40 female; Mage = 35 years). Regression equations incorporating sex categories were generated. This significantly improved the goodness-of-fit ( r2-value). Validation tests compared the constructed regression models with mean FSTT data collected from this study, existing South African FSTT data, a universal total weighted mean approach with pooled demographic data and collection techniques and a regression model approach that uses bizygomatic width and maximum cranial breadth dimensions. The generated regression equations demonstrated individualised results, presenting a total mean inaccuracy (TMI) of 1.53 mm using dental projection measurements and 1.55 mm using cemento-enamel junction projection measurements. These slightly outperformed most tested mean models (TMI ranged from 1.42 to 4.43 mm), and substantially outperformed the pre-existing regression model approach (TMI = 5.12 mm). The newly devised regressions offer a subject-specific solution to FSTT estimation within a South African population. A continued development in sample size and validation testing may help substantiate its application within craniofacial identification.
The Efficacy of Australia Adopting a Debarment Regime in Public Procurement
Authors: Dixon Olivia
Published: November 2020

While transparent and efficient public sector procurement systems facilitate innumerable opportunities for stakeholders, the scale and scope of the global procurement market has rendered it increasingly vulnerable to corruption. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development estimates that annually US$2 trillion of public funds is lost to corruption, yet governments have failed to respond with robust measures to deter such practice. Through comparing the debarment frameworks and policy goals across five jurisdictions, this article argues that Australia should consider adopting a discretionary debarment regime. By excluding bidders who have engaged in ‘corporate integrity offences’ from procurement contracts, debarment policies offer a potentially important mechanism in the fight against corruption. Debarment would not only protect the government from current threats, but it may also deter potential wrongdoers, encourage contractors to rehabilitate themselves, incapacitate actual offenders and facilitate development of a culture of compliance through the competitive advantage gains enjoyed by law-abiding firms.
Primary care and suicidality among psychiatric outpatients: The patient-doctor relationship matters
Authors: Schultz Krista , Sandhu Sharan , Kealy David
Published: November 2020

Objective

The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between the quality of the Patient-Doctor Relationship and suicidality among patients seeking mental health care; specifically, whether patients who perceive having a more positive relationship with primary care physician will have lower levels of suicidality.

Method

Cross-sectional population-based study in Greater Vancouver, Canada. One-hundred ninety-seven participants were recruited from three Mental Health Clinics who reported having a primary care physician. Participants completed a survey containing questions regarding items assessing quality of Patient-Doctor Relationship, general psychiatric distress (K10), borderline personality disorder, and suicidality (Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised-SBQ-R). Zero-order correlations were computed to evaluate relationships between study variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to control for confounding variables.

Results

The quality of the patient doctor relationship was significantly negatively associated with suicidality. The association between the quality of the patient-doctor relationship and suicidality remained significant even after controlling for the effects of psychiatric symptom distress and borderline personality disorder features.

Conclusions

The degree to which patients’ perceive their primary care physician as understanding, reliable, and dedicated, is associated with a reduction in suicidal behaviors. Further research is needed to better explicate the mechanisms of this relationship over time.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ Inhibitor-Induced Immunomodulation and Secondary Opportunistic Infection in the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Werner Jonathan A. , Ishida Katsu , Wisler John , Karbowski Christine , Kalanzi Jackson , Bussiere Jeanine , Monticello Thomas M.
Published: November 2020

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate intracellular signaling events for multiple cell surface receptors. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ, 1 of 4 class I PI3K isoforms, is primarily found in leukocytes and regulates immune cell functions. Here, we report changes in the immune and digestive systems that were associated with AMG2519493, a highly selective small-molecule PI3Kδ inhibitor. Following 1- or 3-month oral repeat dosing in the cynomolgus monkey, changes were observed in circulating B cells, lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, tonsil), and the digestive tract. Decreased circulating B cells and lymphoid cellularity in B cell-rich zones in lymphoid tissues were attributed to the intended pharmacologic activity of AMG2519493. Dose- and duration-dependent digestive system toxicity was characterized by inflammation in the large intestine and secondary opportunistic infections restricted to the digestive tract. Digestive tract changes were associated with moribundity and mortality at high-dose levels, and the effect level decreased with increased duration of exposure. These observations demonstrate the role of PI3Kδ in regulation of the immune system and of host resistance to opportunistic infections of the digestive tract.