bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEG 400 Effect on Properties of Self Curing Concrete
Authors: Sudharson G , Kalpana M , Anburaja D , Prathap M G
Published: February 2021

Curing becomes important to concrete to make it to achieve the required strength. In order to obtain strength at early stages we introduce the concept of self-curing concrete instead immersing or spraying on it. Water solvent polymers serve as self-curing agents for concrete. In the present study, PEG 400 is used to discover its effects on strength (Compressive, tensile and flexure) of concrete, adding it at different rates to the weight of cement up to 2%. The grade of concrete used here is M30. 1% of PEG 400 curing agent was found to be optimum in determining the strength properties. At higher rates there is a slight decrease in the strength value. The aim is to evaluate the performance of water-soluble polymeric glycol as curing agents. The advantages of curing agents serve its purpose in desert areas where water is not adequately available.
A review on the role of eco-friendly inhibitors for mitigation of microbial influenced corrosion of steel and its impacts
Authors: Manu Shiv Kumar , Manivannan R
Published: February 2021

Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) is a localized corrosion caused due to the presence of micro-organism. Such micro-organisms found in oil wells are responsible for localized changes in the aqueous atmosphere (e.g., modify the composition of electrolytes, materials, pH and oxygen level). Conventionally,inorganic corrosion inhibitors were used to deter the microbial corrosion. However, ecological toxicity of inorganic corrosion inhibitors has sparked the hunt for eco-friendly inhibitors because they are biologically degradable, absence of toxic elements. Plant goods are affordable, readily available and can be recycled, as well as being environmentally friendly and socially appropriate. There is an intense initiative underway to use corrosion inhibitors of plant origin for metals that are susceptible to different environmental conditions. Both efforts were inspired by a need to replace the chemical additives used in aqueous solutions to reduce the deterioration of metals and various alloys. Plants constitute a type of fascinating compound source currently being investigated for use in the safety of metal corrosion in most structures and as a potential substitute for toxic synthetic inhibitors. Research results on the use of eco-friendly phytochemicals as inhibitors of microbially influenced corrosion are summarized in this review article. A general introduction to the subject of inhibitor for biocorrosion mitigation is addressed accompanied by comprehensive literature review on the use of natural inhibitors in aerobic or anaerobic condition of management for corrosion of steel metals and various alloys in biotic corrosive media.
Fabrication and Testing of Hybrid Laminate reinforced with Natural Fibre
Authors: Vijaykumar K , Nagesh G , Gurushanker V
Published: February 2021

This present work discussed about fabrication and testing of hybrid laminate reinforced with natural fibres, in general engineering materials with high-performance are used in various manufacturing methods from different resources has been investigated by many researchers across the world. The raw materials which are taken from renewable sources are environmentally good ¬ cause any kind of health issues, now a day’s most of natural fibre based hybrid composites are used different areas like automobile companies and aircraft industries for manufacturing their inside and outside parts of the mechanical bodies and it’s not affected environment, the exact reason behind this is a natural fibre, because of its easy availability & low cost. The hybrid composites are fabricated by using the natural fibre reinforcements as they exhibit their low density, low cost as well as exhibit better mechanical properties. The present work includes the manufacturing of natural fibre (wool and jute) reinforced polymer composites are discussed and this natural fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite is tested and compared with the glass fibre epoxy polymer composite. the testing performed are flexural and compression and different strengths are collected finally and it is concluded that compared with the glass fibre polymer composite, hybrid laminate (natural fibres) are in good condition in terms of strength and their application are also brought into consideration.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Epoxy Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposite
Authors: Chandra Shekar K , Anjaneya Prasad B , Eswara Prasad N
Published: February 2021

Advanced recent materials such as continuous reinforced polymer matrix composites provide important enhancements to a variety of structures (especially resistance to breakage), compared to their bulk, monolithic counterparts. In this research work, flexural strength and tensile or mode I fracture resistance of the hybrid polymer composite, and a detailed investigation on the processing (using Hand Lay Up method) of reinforced, unidirectional hybrid composite has been extensively discussed. Microstructral studies have also been carried out to know the material fracture behaviour and its effect on the orientation of notch. The obtained results are critically examined and discussed elaborately to find: (i) orientation of fiber and its effect on the anisotropy in flexural strength and fracture behaviour, (ii) effect of notch root radii on the conditional fracture toughness and concurrence to linear elastic controlled fracture, and (iii) the nature of J integral resistance curves. The effectiveness of the conventionally used hand layup technique is amply demonstrated by the achievement of significantly higher strength (flexural) values and also, a very importantly combination of strength and fracture resistance; qualifying the composite thus manufactured to declare this hybrid composite as a novel composite material with high specific strength when compared with other polymer matrix composite (PMCs) for a wide group of aeronautical and aerospace structural applications.
Synthesis of Carbon from Tea Powder Waste for Development of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Radhika M , Anjaneya Prasad B , Akella Suresh , Kodali Deepa
Published: February 2021

Tea waste is inexpensive and is plenteously available around the world especially in south Asian countries. The filtered tea powder waste acts as a carbonaceous source which can be utilized for variety of applications. Calcination of tea powder at 300°C and 400°C resulted in carbon powder which is further characterized using Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The D and G bands of Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of graphitic planes in the structure. The morphology of synthesized carbon suggested that synthesized carbon has porous structure. The porous structure of the carbon makes it widely applicable in water filtration applications. Furthermore, the synthesized carbon can be used as filler material for 3D printable filaments.
Combustion Synthesized Ceria Powder and its Characterization
Authors: Ravula Eshwaraiah , Gummadi Manojkumar , Dyapa Rohit reddy , adumala Yashwanth reddy , Radhika M
Published: February 2021

Using aqueous combustion synthesis route the ultrafine ceria powder is produced with the help of glycine and nitrate, nitrate utilized as an oxidizer and glycine as a fuel. Using balancing equation with required molar ratios both fuel and oxidizer mixes together in deionized water. Viscous liquids containing glycine and ceric ammonium nitrate gets auto-ignited and resulted in voluminous ceria powder. Characterization is carried out on ceria powder after calcinations process. The resulted powder obtained in the present investigation is in the nano range.
Effect of Nanoclay in the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy
Authors: Rahul B , Dharani J , Suresh P , Antony Samuel Prabu G
Published: February 2021

This work investigates the effect of nanoclay in the mechanical and thermal characteristics of GFRP laminates. The Cloisite 15A nanoclay has added to the matrix with proportion of 1%, 2% and 3% by weight. The processed nanocomposites are characterized with X-Ray Diffraction to identify the inter layer spacing of clay in the matrix. The filler added epoxy, reinforced with the unidirectional glass fibre by hand layup technique and the specimens are tested for tension, hardness, flexural and fracture loadings. Dynamical mechanical analysis and thermo gravimetric tests are also conducted to understand the visco-elastic and thermal behaviour of the material. The addition of clay in the matrix generally increases the mechanical properties up to our consideration that is 3% clay loading. Thermal and visco-elastic behaviour found consistent up to 1% clay loading and reduces the performance after that in overall sense.
Flexural and Inter- Laminar Shear Strength of Glass/Carbon Fabric Reinforced Composite
Authors: Madhavi P , Chandra Shekar K , Poojith K , Sai Kumar P , Usman Khan P , Leela Gowtham P
Published: February 2021

Polymer composites are reinforced with synthetic fibres like aramid, glass and carbon give more benifits like advantages of low in weight, higher stiffness and greater strength, because of this polymer composite are widely used. This research is aimed to estimate the FS and ILSS of glass fabric and carbon fabric composite. In this recent study, the effects of fabric laminate sequence of glass fabric and carbon fabric have been investigated by the test namely Short beam shear (SBS) test. SEM evaluations are carried out to -study the mechanism of failure. The laminates were fabricated by the hand lay-up method. The fabrication and also the evaluation of specimen are according to the standards’ of ASTM. Here the results indicates the ILSS & FS values are greater for carbon fabric reinforced composite when compared to glass fabric reinforced composite.
Investigation on the Effect of Nano Fillers on Tensile Property of Neem Fiber Composite Fabricated by Vacuum Infused Molding Technique
Authors: Shunmugasundaram M. , Praveen Kumar A. , Ahmed Ali Baig M. , Kasu Yamini
Published: February 2021

Now a days, natural fiber based polymer composites are having more attention because of it is good mechanical properties and environment friendly. The foremost aim of this investigation attempt is for examine the effect of the nano-filler over the tensile properties of natural based polymer composite.. Just one nano-material is used in most of the research for the production of new composites. In this analysis, the vacuum assisted by infusion molding method uses the neem fiber and two different nano-filler materials for creating new nano infused composites. Neem fiber is chosen as a fiber and LY556 epoxy-resin is selected as polymer materials for the production of reinforced polymer matrix composites of this natural fiber material. Composites of the neem fiber based polymer composites is developed by infused the neem fiber with the nano to examine the tensile property of the neem fiber infused composite and the effect of nano-filler materials. By infusing nan-ofiller materials to build nano based natural fiber polymer composites; the average ultimate tensile strength for the polymer matrix composite is 15.5 percent.
Design, modification and analysis of 3 ton electrical overhead travelling crane rope drum
Authors: Thuniki Dheeraj , Ravikiran MSSR , Esanakula Jayakiran Reddy , Venkateswara Rao B
Published: February 2021

With the intention to enhance the electrical overhead travelling crane drum, the shaft in the drum was modified using reverse engineering technique. The stresses on drum were analysed using finite element method and the results are compared. The research provides a new idea for improving the stability and life of the drum. The proposed shaft is provided with the gear hub and gear sleeve in the place of traditional spline shaft to improve the life and efficiency.
Design and experimental structural analysis of a solar powered aircraft wing structure
Authors: Sandhya Govindu , Rishitha Vemireddy Sri , Sriram S , Sreehari VM
Published: February 2021

Structural architecture plays a vital role in the design of solar powered aircraft. Wing analysis is critical as wings experience different loads and stresses. The objective of this work is to explore the use of renewable energy sources in aircraft technology in the form of solar-powered aircraft. The number of solar panels needed for a manned aircraft is determined based on the several solar factors. Thus this paper initially deals with the design of the wing structure for a solar powered two-seater aircraft. Also, the present work experimentally analyses the structural responses of a composite wing panel with and without the solar panel which makes this study significant.
Reverse engineering technique for enhancing the EOT crane rope drum
Authors: Jayakiran Reddy E , Bhanodaya Kiran Babu N , Bala Raju A
Published: February 2021

EOT cranes are the widely used ones in the present day industry. In the process of maximizing the efficiency of EOT cranes, the industries are implementing different approaches. One among them is reverse engineering approach. This approach was recommended to improve the efficiency of the EOT crane drum shaft. The shape and size of the shaft were modified to meet the industry requirements. To improve the shaft loading capacity, life and efficiency, the proposed shaft is equipped with the gear hub and gear sleeve.
Numerical and structural investigation of flow past a helical axis wind turbine
Authors: Guru Shanker V , Bhargavi M , Ashok M , Ranjith Kumar R , Jana Anup kumar
Published: February 2021

The present work is about designing a helical axis wind Turbine and testing its performance of both numerical and static structural analysis. NACA 0018 symmetric aerofoil is used as a turbine blade to modelling the vertical 3 bladed axis wind turbine rotor is tilted to an angle of 60 degrees, so as to get better performance of turbine. This paper deals, Numerical investigation of Helical Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with three blades has been carried out by means of both the numerical simulation and static structural analysis. The turbine performance can be observed by the span wise pressure distribution and velocity distribution, stress distribution and also observed that HAWT generated a power, which is an average power output incremental of 6.75 percent than precedes.
An overview about influence of wick materials on heat and mass transfer in solar desalination systems
Authors: Murugan M , Saravanan A , Kumar Pramod , Siva Nagi Reddy V , Arif Abdul
Published: February 2021

Over ongoing decades, the global demand for potable water is expanding quickly; at the same time, the supply of potable water is restricted due to fast advancement in industrialization, the devastation of trees, less awareness towards the plantation, and population growth. There are numerous freshwater production methods available in this world, in that solar-based still (Solar still) is one of the most normal and least expensive techniques. A lot of examinations have been portrayed experimentally and theoretically on the solar stills for evaluating its performance under different climatic and working environment. Heat and mass transfer are the two key factors that play a vital role in the evaluation of solar still's performance. In this study various experimental and theoretical methodologies that have been utilized to evaluate the heat and mass transfer analysis of solar stills using wick materials are critically reviewed. While looking into consideration, the reviewed articles demonstrate that the efficiency of the solar stills relies upon the various outside and inside working parameters. The result revealed that the wick materials with high porous values are produced better productivity than the low porous wick materials.
Investigation and analysis of EDM process – a new approach with Al2O3 nano powder mixed in sunflower oil
Authors: MangapathiRao K , Vinaykumar D , Chandra Shekar K , Kumar Rachakonda Ranjith
Published: February 2021

This study analyses the EDM process of AISI D2 steel with copper tungsten electrode along with Al2O3 powder mixed in sunflower oil as a dielectric fluid in place of EDM oil. AISI D2 steel is predominantly used in the manufacture of precision components of dies, press tools, automobiles, aircraft and space equipment. For that reason, it has been selected as work piece material. Based on the high conductivity nature of electrical and thermal characteristics of copper tungsten, it is used as an electrode in the process. Due to the easy availability and affordability, Al2O3 particles of 60 nano meter size is taken as catalyst for mixing with the sunflower oil and used as an alternate dielectric fluid in place of EDM oil. In order to reduce the harmful effects on the environment produced by the gases due to EDM oil, a vegetable oil namely, sunflower oil is used in its place. Flash point, fire point is higher than 300°C in sunflower oil when compared to conventional EDM oil. It is also eco-friendly and biodegradable. Input parameters of pulse interval, pulse duration, discharge voltage and peak current are compared with various output parameters of the process, namely, electrode wear rate, surface roughness and material removal rate. Experiments are conducted using Taguchi L9 experimental design and the effect of process input values over the output process response are analyzed using ANOVA method. The analysis leads to the conclusion that powder mixed EDM process (PMEDM), in which Al2O3nano particles mixed with sunflower oil yields a minimum surface roughness due to the better heat absorption. More removal of material along with a lesser tool wear is also noticed. Nano particles of Al2O3 improved the surface finish due to the abrasive action of the lowest discharge gap between particles.
Optimizing process parameters of die sinking EDM in AISI D2 steel by using TOPSIS using EDM oil as dielectric
Authors: Kumar Rachakonda Ranjith , Jana Anup Kumar , Mohanty Sarat Chandra , Mangapathi Rao K , Guru Shanker V. , Rohit Reddy D
Published: February 2021

A prodigious research work is being effectuated to endorse the optimal machining parameters while entailing present day machining techniques to bring outclassy products. This research work insisted on suggesting the optimum process parameters of die sinking EDM with 8mm diameter copper electrode during machining AISI D2 steel using TOPSIS.Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array method was adopted to design 9 experiments in total and Pulse on time (Ton), Servo voltage (SV) and Peak current (IP) are chosen as input parameters. Three levels of each parameter were selected for designing the experimentation. EDM oil which is a synthetic oil is selected as dielectric and all the values of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (SR) for each experiment were noted as the output responses. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done to recommend the impact of each input parameter on output responses. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to select the weightage of each response and then Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) which is a multi-criteria decision analysis method, was accompanied for determination of ideal parameters for machining AISI D2 steel. Eventually it is descried that the amalgamation of level 3 of pulse on time, level 3 of Peak Current and level 3 of servo voltage propounds the optimum result.
Parametric Optimization of Die Sinking EDM in AISI D2 Steel considering Canola oil as Dielectric using TOPSIS and GRA
Authors: Jana Anup Kumar , Ranjith Kumar R , Mohanty Sarat Chandra , Mangapathi Rao K , Shanker V Guru , Reddy A Yashwanth
Published: February 2021

A colossal research work is being consummated to propose the optimal machining parameters while necessitating current machining techniques to attain elegant products. This research work foregrounded the optimum process parameters of die sinking EDM with 8mm diameter copper electrode during machining AISI D2 steel. Taguchi’s L9 OA method was adopted to design 9 experiments in total and Pulse on time (Ton), Servo voltage (SV) and Peak current (IP) are chosen as input parameters. Three levels of each parameter were selected for designing the experimentation. A natural vegetable oil named Canola oil which is an extract from Canola seeds is taken as dielectric and all the values of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (SR) for each experiment were noted as the output responses. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) which are two Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods were accompanied for determination of ideal parameters for machining AISI D2 steel. Ultimately it is espied that the coalescence of level 3 of pulse on time, level 2 of Peak Current and level 2 of servo voltage propounds the optimum result by performing TOPSIS and GRA.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties on Non-Ferrous alloys of Copper and Brass Joints made by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Nagesh G , Nageswara Rao K , KKanishk  , Anurag K M , Abhinav N
Published: February 2021

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) and Friction Welding (FW) are the most popular emerging solid welding techniques in aircraft and shipbuilding industries. FSW is mainly used for the joining of metal plates and FW is mainly used for the joining of rods. Both techniques are suitable for high strength material having less weight. These techniques are environmentally friendly and easy to execute. Hence, study on these techniques can contribute much to the field of green technology. There is wide variety of tool pin profiles such as cylindrical, cone and frustum and these are available without and with threaded portion. Considering the work piece materials, the feasibility of this process depends mainly on the properties. Present work deals with welding the copper to copper and brass to brass specimens using cylindrical friction stir weld tool. The weld zones of the specimens were further tested to study tensile strength, hardness and impact strength. A comparative analysis was done to know the impact of friction stir welding on brass and copper material. Based on the comparative analysis prediction can be done for the feasibility of this process to the investigated materials.
Analysis of hole quality errors in drilling of GFRP composite
Authors: Singaravel B , Radhika M , Mohammed Asif M , Reddy Kathhi Palaksha
Published: February 2021

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites applications are widely used now a day due to its greater mechanical, structural and thermal properties. Drilling is the most extensively used manufacturing process in fabrication of composite components. It is commonly used in the final stage of manufacturing or assembling of components. In the process of drilling, various undesirable effects occur such as matrix cracking, fiber damage, delamination, increased surface roughness of hole, circularity and thermal damage, etc., which reduce the quality of hole. Delamination is the major concern among all the undesirable effects. The appropriate selection of cutting parameters and drill bit type can minimize the delamination and improve the hole quality. In the present work, the influence of three types of drill bits and cutting parameters such as feed rate and spindle speed on the hole quality parameters assessed which includes delamination, circularity, diameter deviation and surface roughness. The obtained results conclude that for high spindle speeds, the spur drill gives better hole quality. The assembly accuracy of the drilled hole can be enhanced by the proposed hole quality parameters.
A study on the microstructures of resistance spot welded Al 6063 T6 and SS 304
Authors: Hemanth A , Suresh kumar D
Published: February 2021

The micro structural and mechanical activity of resistance spot welds (RSW) conducted on 6063-T6 aluminium alloy sheets and SS 304 stainless steel welded at various welding parameters is investigated in this report. In order to determine the effect of welding parameters on the efficiency of the welds, micro structural examinations and hardness assessments were carried out. In order to define their strength and the microstructures of the base and welded components, the welded joints were subjected to static tensile-shear testing. Present work focused on evaluating the mechanical properties for RSW welding aspects of SS 304 and AL6063 T6 materials of 1 and 1.5 mm thick.
Optimization of solid particle erosion of 2205 duplex stainless steel under air jet using Taguchi method
Authors: Kuruvila Roshan , Thirumalai Kumaran S , Adam Khan M , Uthayakumar M
Published: February 2021

Solid particle erosion has been considered as a major problem in all the engineering application. The present erosion studies on the influence of different parameters on erosion for duplex stainless steel (DSS2205) were carried using an air jet erosion test rig with 50 μm size alumina particles at room temperature. The effect of process parameters on erosion were studied using Taguchi method and the contribution was analyzed using ANOVA. The eroded surface was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Taguchi method was utilized to find the optimum process condition which produces lower erosion rate. The results concluded that the impingement angle had greater influence on erosion rate followed by flow velocity and discharge rate. The results were finally validated by the confirmatory experiment.
Unscientific Mining of Corundum at Gobbagurthi, Khammam, Telangana, India
Authors: Sangam Narayan , Rajan Soundar
Published: February 2021

Unscientific mining of Industrial grade Corundum and gem variety, (gemstone ruby and semiprecious abrasive corundum) is observed surrounding Lakshmipuram, Gobbagurti, Donabanda and Singaraipalem areas of Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh. Corundum is found occurring in the Khammam Schist Belt., a northern extension of the Nellore Schist Belt of the Indian Peninsular Shield. Local entrepreneurs are involved in the mining of corundum since a long time. Both gem variety and industrial grade occurrences of corundum are observed as in-situ, float, and placer concentrations. Exploration of corundum is manifested in geomorphology, structure and lithology in this area which have proved to be very useful guides for understanding the various controls of corundum mineralization at Gobbagurthi as well as in surrounding areas of corundum occurrences in Khammam district.
Development of PLC based Sequential Pneumatic Punching System
Authors: Murthy Soppari Bhanu , Pothula Narendra , Sreenivasa Rao Dr.M.S. , Ranga Naresh Kumar Goud
Published: February 2021

Programmable logic sequential pneumatic system is developed for mechanical applications, like sealing, name punching, plate designing, etc. punching machine is considered as inevitable in almost all the industries like mechanical, electronic, food industries and automobile, etc. To print the hallmarks, logos as a brand. In respect to reducing the processing time by upgrading the conventional system to automation by integrating with Programmable logic control (PLC) as the system works with the interfacing of hardware (punching machine) and solenoids to control the actuation sequence. A sequential pneumatic PLC-based automatic punching machine is designed to have great control over the process of punching the hallmarks and logos with an automating feeding system followed by the punching process, which leads to a high production rate and reduces the process lead time, and increases the safety of workers.
Correlations Between Total Ozone Column and Some Metrological Elements in different regions in Iraq
Authors: AL- Rijabo Waleed , Alaythee Mutlag Shafi
Published: February 2021

Aluminium, The aim of this paper, is to find a correlation between Total Ozone Column[ TOC] and different meteorological elements [Ta, Rs, RH, WS ] at five stations well distributed in Iraq [Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Nasiriya, and Basra] using several Mathematical Models. Five Mathematical Models were used for that [Linear Models, Quadratic Models, Exponential Models, Logarithmic Models, and Power Models]. Several statistical tests [R, R2, MAE, and RMSE] were used to control these Models' validation and goodness. The quadratic model gave the highest R and R2 among the other models in all stations. The highest R and R2 means that there are a high significance Correlations between the measured Total Ozone Column (TOC) and the estimated (TOC) from the Models using [Ta, Rs, RH, WS] elements in all stations.
Recovery of Dilute Caustic Solution from the Desalination Plant Reverse Osmosis Discharge Brine Wastewater
Authors: Ramakrishna Kumar M V N M , S V Satyanarayana , Kumar Sharma Yogesh
Published: February 2021

In the Gulf region, the major source of drinking water is from sea water desalination with reverse osmosis process. It is a well-known fact that during desalination process highly concentrated brine wastewater is being discharged into the deep sea. As a result, the sea water ecosystem and aquatic life are disturbed. The coral reefs are diminishing in the vicinity of brine wastewater discharge point. The aim of this project is to convert the desalination plant wastewater (brine) into dilute caustic solution. An electrodialysis unit was fabricated with silver anode and graphite cathode. A cation membrane and an anion membrane fixed to separate anode and cathode compartments. The wastewater samples were collected from the Sur, desalination plant. A study was conducted by varying direct current voltage of the electrodialysis unit from 24 V to 48 V. It was observed that at 24 volts the pH was steadily increased to 13.8 in 10 hours. The dilute caustic concentration was reached to 1.2% in 12 hours. The results are encouraging.
Computation of Optimized Strength for modified Fine Fly Ash binder based High Performance Concrete.
Authors: Ponraj Sankar L , Sivasankar S , Shunmugasundaram M , Praveen Kumar A , Zareena S K
Published: February 2021

To utilize the benefit of the Computational System for Ready-Mixed-Concrete Plant and to meet the increasing demand in the construction industries, it is vital to validate the Compressive-Strength of Concrete for Design Mix Ratio, before batching the concrete. Fine-Fly-Ash (FFA) is a waste from Coal Industries, which can be mixed partially with concrete to reduce the consumption of cement which ultimately reduces carbon footprint during the production of cement and it is economical in construction. Silica Fume (SF), reduce the porosity of concrete. Both minerals are served to increase in the durability. This work is optimized the method for prediction of robustness of the industry to reduce laboratory time. In this paper, Multiple-Regression (MR) and Artificial-Neural-Networks (ANNS) are developed and analysed. To develop these models, the data are collected from the experimental results. The experiments have been conducted at six levels by increasing the amount of FFA mixture with cement starting from 5 to 30 % with an interval of 5% and by increasing the amount of SF partially mixed with cement from 2.5% to 15 % with an interval of 2.5%. The Water and binder ratio is between 0.38% and 0.55%. 150 samples are observed with M20 and M25 grade of concrete. Observations are made at 2 levels of data for analysis purpose and it is denoted as MR1, MR2 and ANNS1, ANNS2 for MR and ANNS respectively and compared. Among the two models, ANNS is more reliable and possess higher degree of adoption than MR model.
Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of Phase Change Material Integrated Stepped Slope Solar Still
Authors: Boopalan N , Kalidasan B , Ranjith K , Dhanush B , Anbarasu S , Panner Selvam S
Published: February 2021

The major challenge in developing countries is to provide drinking water to the people, several techniques are employed but the challenge is to make cost effective and its sustainability over a period. Most of the developing countries work on saline water conversion to neat drinking water, distillation is one of the old and handy techniques in this conversion; where sunlight is used as energy drive for the process because elevating the temperature of saline water is enough for distillation and also for its free of cost availability. Solar still distilled water costs very less than the conventional method of deriving water from saline water and also people need not to worry about the purification of obtained water. Hence various analysis on increasing the performance of solar stills is required to increase the productivity to meet the rising demand for clean drinking water. The experimental work is carried out with three stepped solar stills, one without phase change material, one with paraffin wax as phase change material and other with calcium nitrate as phase change material. Solar stills are integrated with phase change materials to increase the productivity of clean drinking water by storing the solar energy in the form of latent heat to release in the dark hours for enabling solar sill distillation even during night time. There will be change in the total productivity based on the size of solar still, phase change material used, basin design and exergy efficiency, therefore these parameters have to optimized for better yield of neat drinking water from saline water. Experimentation was carried in the month of February and March of 2020 to estimate and compare the yield of three solar stills for the time period of 24 hours, certainly solar stills equipped with phase change materials resulted in higher total production than solar still without phase change material though their day time productivity was low. Solar still equipped with calcium nitrate as phase change material yielded 8.17 % more clean drinking water than the solar still equipped with paraffin as phase change material, though calcium nitrate is economical than paraffin wax but maintenance of solar still with calcium nitrate as phase change material is a hefty task.
Experimental Studies on Water Absorption Behaviour of Treated and Untreated Hybrid Bio-Composites
Authors: Girimurugan R , Saravanan K.G. , Manickavasagam P. , Gurunathan G. , Vairavel M.
Published: February 2021

Various experimental works were successfully accomplished over the past years on the natural resources reinforced composites. This research work is focused on the water absorption behaviour of the treated and untreated banana fiber reinforced, used camellia sinensis particles filled along with the epoxy resin matrix bio-composites. Different weight percentages of reinforcement and filler materials were taken to prepare the hybrid composite specimens, whereas the epoxy resin matrix were keeping constant. Traditional hand layup technique was adopted and the boards of the hybrid composites were effectively fabricated by using the same technique. Hybrid bio-composite specimens for water absorption tests were prepared by using the portable wood cutting machine as per the ASTM standards for the efficient justification on experimental results. Water absorption tests on the hybrid bio-composite specimens were carried out as per the ASTM standards. Water absorption behaviour of the treated and untreated banana fiber reinforced, used camellia sinensis particles filled, epoxy resin matrix hybrid composite specimens were absorbed and compared with each other. Experimental results shows that the chemically treated banana fiber reinforced with narrow amount of used camellia sinensis particle filled hybrid composite specimens exhibits the better water absorption behaviour than that of untreated banana fiber reinforced with elevated amount of used camellia sinensis particle filled hybrid composite specimens.
Development of Acoustic Absorption Composite with Application of Coir and Viscose
Authors: Thamaraiselvan V , Mekala N , Dhanapriya G
Published: February 2021

In the current scenario the industry looking for good quality products at low cost as well as recyclable ones. The non-woven products, especially reclaimed nonwoven manufacturing cost is very low when compared to other fabric manufacturing cost and it can be recyclable & attractive too. The sound absorption property is very essential in recent years. So it is very advisable to manufacture the sound absorption material with the help of non-woven fabric. This study speaks about the improvement in sound absorption characteristics of the non-woven composite. To improve the acoustic property of the composite the natural fiber coir has been blended with recycled viscose fiber in six different ratios using a needle-punching technique. The six different (in %) blend ratios of coir and reclaimed viscose is 70:30; 60:40; 50:50: 40; 60: 30:70& 20:80.The composite has been introduced at a minimum of 200 grams so that adequate acoustic property is achievable. The composites are examined with GSM, Abrasion Test, Moisture test, and Acoustic coefficient. The GSM of the composite increases, when the viscose ratio increases in the sample. The abrasion-resistant decreases when the viscose increases. The moisture regains increases when the viscose content increases in the composite. The values of the sound absorption coefficient are high in sample 6 (Coir: reclaimed viscose, 20:80) when compared to other samples, it reflects that the reclaimed viscose has higher acoustic property than coir.
Effect of Stainless Steel Powder as Reinforcement on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Stir Cast Zn-Al Alloy
Authors: Alex Soumyan Skariah , Ilangovan S. , Shanmugasundaram A. , Mohapatra Subinaya
Published: February 2021

In this study, Zn-40Al alloy is reinforced with 310 stainless steel particle of size 45 μm and its effect on tensile strength, hardness and wear rate were investigated. The Zn-40Al- SS composites were fabricated with 310 tainless steel particle of 3, 6, and 9 wt. % of volume fractions using stir casting technique. Tensile strength and vickers microhardness were tested for the base alloy and for the various combinations of Zn-40Al-SS composite. Dry sliding wear test using Pin-on-Disc machine were carried out for the base alloy and for all the combinations of the composites. Characterization techniques like optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental distribution by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were carried out to analyse the composite. The tensile strength and hardness were high for the reinforcement of 9 wt. %. Also the wear resistance was maximum for the reinforcement of 9 wt. %. The microstructure shows the fine uniform dispersion of the reinforcing particles over the entire matrix. Overall the composite shows a significant improvement in the wear resistance and mechanical properties.
Structural Analysis of Chassis using AISI 4130 and AA 7068
Authors: Arun G V , Kishore Kumar K , Velmurugan S
Published: February 2021

The chassis frame is the backbone of a vehicle to safely carry the maximum load for all the designed operating conditions. This paper describes the design and analysis of vehicle chassis using different materials for different cross sections. The main objective of this attempt is to reduce the self-weight of the chassis. In this work a truck chassis is taken for modeling and analysis. Two different alloy materials of steel and aluminium are considered for three different cross sections namely I, C and regular box type. SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software are used for modeling and analysis of this work respectively.
Fabrication of Pineapple Peeling Machine Using Pneumatic Solenoid Valve
Authors: Madhankumar S , Suryakumar H , Sabarish R , Suresh M , Ummer Farook A
Published: February 2021

Pineapple peeling device which used for slicing the pineapple to create a cylindrical pulp. The key goal of this research is to implement a pineapple peeler system to overcome the challenges encountered by small and medium-sized businesses, in which the system produced will minimize its time needed for the pineapple operation. From an engineering viewpoint, ergonomic concerns relevant to peeling have been discussed. For this project, the concept of the pineapple peeler has a cylindrical blade being used to strip the pineapple flesh. The benefits of this pineapple peeler established throughout this venture are that it can remove the leaves as well as the core of the pineapple, and also can peel the outer surface of that same pineapple. Before starting the device, the pineapple is installed in the holder of the machine. So, the first cutter is to remove the ends as well as the base of the pineapple. Following that, the pineapple surface can be extracted by using a cylindrical knife. The mechanism within that device has been used to monitor the entire function of the pineapple peeler system and therefore is interfaced with dual pneumatic tubes to operate the tool. The mechanical and electrical elements are the essential parts of this unit.
Study on plastic pet bottles characteristics to develop eco- friendly plastic paver blocks
Authors: Loganayagan  , Keerthana  , Abishek  , Vetrivel Amudhan
Published: February 2021

Production of plastic has been increased nowadays, nearly 16 tonnes are produced per day meanwhile the degradation of plastic is very difficult because of slow process degradation. This study focuses on an eco-friendly paving product. Here plastic waste has taken for the investigation to develop a product by replacing cement with plastic waste in paver blocks. The main objective of this investigation is to recycle plastic waste into pavers and to analyze its characteristics based on the recent developments in industrial needs. Nowadays plastic is more accustomed around the world. Hence this work paves the way to reduce plastic waste accumulation in the surrounding environment. The plastic wastes were collected from the nearest surrounding and it is mixed with M-sand of an optimum percentage to cast paver blocks. The plastic paver block reduces the plastic waste, controls the pollution, and reduces the overall cost of production. The application of pavement blocks is perfect on pathways and street ways as it is a simple way of finishing and laying, also cost-effective compared to conservative paving blocks. Here the strength properties of pavement blocks incorporating PET bottles are presented.
Sanitization using Hexacopter Autonomous Drone
Authors: Ramesh K , Priya Dharshini B , Haridass K , Deepak Kumar S , Gokul Raj R , Hariprasad V
Published: February 2021

Multicopter are slowly finding its way into various industrial sector applications including security, oil & gas, public health, etc. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles provides faster and reliable solutions for many real time challenges. Spraying sanitizers using drone is one such solution which is effectively implemented during COVID-19 pandemic situation. Hexacopter is designed to carry up to 2 litres of sanitizer in its reservoir and the sanitizer spray system is designed to dispense the liquid as droplets at a constant flow rate. Hexacopter is made of carbon fibre and equipped with Pixhawk autonomous module as flight controller. The UAV can be operated in both manual and autonomous modes to increase the ease of operation for indoors as well as in outdoors sanitization process.
Design of experiment approach to identify optimal parameters for boring operation and tool life improvement for piston pins
Authors: Venkataraman V , Raghavendra P , D’Souza M , Holla N , Jagadish N
Published: February 2021

Piston pins play a crucial part for providing support to the connecting rod which plays a pivotal role in functioning of the automobile. The current work focusses on identifying the factors which affect the inner bore diameter for piston pins during the boring process and also finding an optimal setup which can reduce tool life. In order to identify the parameters which, have an effect, factors such as speed, feed and depth of cut were considered and a full factorial design of experiments were conducted with 3 replicates. The response variable used while conducting include mean inner diameter and range. The experiments were conducted using randomization principle and experimental conditions were run according to random number generator using Minitab software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using Minitab and based on the ANOVA results, main effects and interaction plot, optimal parameters values were chosen which would provide optimal inner bore diameters. In addition, optimal parameters where accordingly chosen which would provide longer tool life.
Design Enhancement and Thermal Analysis of Disc Brake
Authors: Roshan Rino B , Pranesh Kumar M , Velmurugan S
Published: February 2021

In automobiles, the function of disc brakes is controlled by jamming the brake pads opposed to a rotary disc that is usually attached to a wheel. A composite material set is preferred to manufacture the brake pads. This braking process produces frictional forces which cause deceleration and eventually stops the rotation of the disc. The indulgence of the generated heat due to friction is important for successful braking. Changes in temperature of the brake cause radial and axial bend; this variation in shape, in turn, distresses the proper alignment of the pads and the disc. The aim of this paper is to design a brake disc and perform the thermal stress analysis by applying five different materials namely Gray cast iron (GCI), reinforced Ti-composite (TMC),Ti-alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), reinforced Al-Cu alloy(AMC 2), and reinforced Al-composite(AMC 1).The modelling and analysis of the disc brake are achieved with the aid of SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software.
Study of Solar Panel Efficiency and Estimation at an Institution Edifice
Authors: Ali Khan Mohammed Baba Sharfuddin , Hussaini Dr.Syed Mujahed , Kaleem ullah , Hussain Abrar
Published: February 2021

A photovoltaic cell is an electrical device tool that transforms the vitality of light to leecy with an aid of pv effect, an actual and chemical occurrence. An arrangement of pv cell is elucidated as a device where voltaic attributes, as current, voltage, resistance, exposure to light. Singly solar cells are often electrical structure blocks of photovoltaic modules, known casually as solar panels. A single junction silicon based solar type can make a limited open-circuit potential of nearly 0.5- 0.6 volts. Solar cells are generally set out as photovoltaic, ignoring of whether a source is from sun or an unnatural light. In computing to making energy, it can be pre-owned as a photon-detector (ex. infrared detectors), perceive light, electromagnetic radiations near to visible span, or quantifying light intensity. The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) stall needs basic attribute: Engagement of light, causing either electron-hole pair or excitants. The disconnection on charge conveyor for adverse types. The disconnection on uprooting of those bearers to an outer circuit. In variance to a solar thermal collector supplies heated by absorbed sun lighting, for a purpose of either straight heat or deviated electrical power generated from a heat source. A "photo electrolytic cell" on the other hand, refers straight to a kind of photovoltaic cell (as of developed since Edmond Becquerel, new dye-sensitized solar blocks), to a device that splits water directly into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar radiance.