bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
French of the present and the past: the representation of the Parisian vernacular in Maurice Chevalier's songs
Authors: Abecassis Michaël
Published: March 2021

Today in France, there seems to be a resurgence of interest in 1930s French culture, with the release of Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain (2001), set in Montmartre, and Patrick Bruel's re-edition of 1930s popular songs (2002). Songs of the 1930s and 1940s have hardly been exploited by linguists. I have compiled a corpus of Maurice Chevalier's songs whose lexical items I have analysed to assess how language has evolved. The stereotypical representation of the lower class which was a popular theme in musical-hall songs at that time enables the analysis of vernacular forms used at the beginning of the 20th century. I willendeavour in this analysis to establish the change in attitudes towardsthe standard and stigmatised language varieties in France by looking at lexicographers' labelling of non-standard items with stylistic indicators such as familier, populaire and argotique. I also intend to gauge through a survey conducted recently in France whether the once denigrated français populaire found in Chevalier's songs is obsolete or whether it is still used in the 21st century.
Keywords: songs, French, français populaire, Maurice Chevalier, non-standard, lexis
Pour un apprenant réfléchissant
Authors: Chachkine Elsa , Demaizière Françoise , Schaeffer-Lacroix Eva
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we present a foreign language learning approach inviting the learner to reflect on the linguistic system. We define "the reflecting learner" as a thinking being who decides to engage in thinking rather than following the teacher's invitation to reflect on his or her performed action. After describing our references (the theory of enunciative operations, the conceptualisation approach, etc.), we give an overview of the main questions which must be answered when designing a learning scenario including language reflection activities. These questions are related, for instance, to the choice of learning objectives and materials and to the choice of metalinguistic terms. The last part of the article presents and analyzes the main characteristics of two recent scenarios, in order to show how a reflective approach can be implemented. In these scenarios, the use of technologies, in particular of an online forum or of online corpora, plays a positive role.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Dynamics and Complexity of Language Learner Beliefs through Written Protocols
Authors: Ritzau Ursula
Published: March 2021

During recent years, language learner beliefs have increasingly been studied through qualitative, learner-centred methods, and the development and dynamics of language learner beliefs have been brought into focus. This paper analyses the development and complexity of beliefs expressed by three university students of Danish as a foreign language in Switzerland. A qualitative method inspired by Grounded Theory is employed and proves to be fruitful for pinpointing the dynamics and complexities of the beliefs. Data are collected through written protocols in German and Danish. The data collection phase stretches over nearly a year and a half, which facilitates a detailed exploration of temporal changes in the beliefs expressed by the study participants.
Forms and Functions of Idiomatic Expressions in Conversational Interaction
Authors: Schmale Günter
Published: March 2021

Following a study of the conversational treatment of idiomatic expressions of German talk shows, the present treaty examines in which form and in which way idiomatic expressions are being employed and treated by participants in authentic conversations. Based on four conversational corpora from various domains seven different types of auto- and hetero-rephrasals and paraphrases are described. For each type general and specific functions are then analyzed. The article also deals with idiomatic expressions which remain untreated, i. e. where no subsequent activity might provide a clue as to the understanding of the idiom in question. The study thus concentrates on co(n)textual or semantic indicators which might facilitate the understanding and interpretation of untreated idioms. Finally the hypothesis is put forward that not the correct understanding of an idiom is decisive but rather the production of a next activity meeting the idiom producer's expectations. The idiom may even be misinterpreted as long as its host turn can be interpreted adequately in order to produce a conditionally relevant following turn.
Listenkonstruktionen als vorgeformte Strukturen – Vorgeformte Ausdrücke innerhalb von Listenkonstruktionen
Authors: Knerich Heike
Published: March 2021

In this paper lists are understood as complex pre-patterned structures. List constructions are composed of a number of elements which are embedded in a prefatory and a terminal utterance (cf. Jefferson 1990, Selting 2004). This complex pre-patterned structure may additionally contain smaller pre-patterned elements. On the basis of a corpus of authentic dyadic doctor-patient interviews I investigate the form and the functions in patients" use of list constructions while talking about fear and anxiety. The analysis is based on a broad concept of pre-patterned structures (cf. Gülich 2007), the method is a linguistic microanalysis that draws on ethnomethodological conversation analysis. In conclusion, I will discuss list structures with respect to different concepts of prefabricated linguistic and communicative units.
Behandlung der Wortbildungselemente in deutsch-tschechischen Übersetzungswörterbüchern
Authors: Šemelík Martin
Published: March 2021

in the emerging Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary, an output of a project pursued at the Institute of Germanic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy & Arts, Charles University in Prague. It is shown how contrastive analysis can be supplemented by a corpus-based view using new corpus-linguistic tools.
Engineering and Humanities Students' Strategies for Vocabulary Acquisition: An Iranian Experience
Authors: Soodmand Afshar Hassan , Moazam Ismail , Radi Arbabi Hassan
Published: March 2021

The present study set out to investigate the differences between EAP (English for Academic Purposes) students of Humanities and Engineering in terms of vocabulary strategy choice and use. One hundred and five undergraduate Iranian students (39 students from Engineering Faculty and 66 from Humanities Faculty) studying at Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan, during the academic year of 2011–2012 participated in this study. For data collection purposes, a pilot-tested factor-analyzed five-point Likert-scale vocabulary learning strategies questionnaire (VLSQ) containing 45 statements was adopted. The results of independent samples t-test indicated that, overall, the two groups were not significantly different in the choice and use of vocabulary learning strategies. However, running Chi square analyses, significant differences were found in individual strategy use in 6 out of 45 strategies. That is, while Humanities students used more superficial and straightforward strategies like repetition strategy and seeking help from others, the Engineering students preferred much deeper, thought-provoking and sophisticated strategies like using a monolingual dictionary and learning vocabulary through collocations and coordinates. Further, the most and the least frequently used vocabulary learning strategies by the two groups were specified, out of which only two strategies in each category were commonly shared by both groups. The possible reasons why the results have turned out to be so as well as the implications of the study are discussed in details in the paper.
Las partículas modales del alemán: una revisión crítica
Authors: Torregrosa Azor José
Published: March 2021

One of the main features on which there seems to be a great agreement among researchers is that German modal particles are mostly used in oral language. However, after reviewing the literature ever since one of the most representative works in this field was made and after considering the characteristics that are derived and that define this group of words as a distinct group from other grammatical categories, we observe, on the one hand, that the relationship between German modal particles and intonation is an aspect hardly developed and, on the other hand, that this relationship is analysed taking into account a corpus of written data.
In this paper we purpose to change this point of view and recover the initial assumption. German modal particles would have to be analysed taking into account their natural context where they are used and, in order to do that, they would have to be studied exploring the interrelations between several oral codes, because it is there where their different modal meanings arise.
Salienz und Pertinenz – Zur subjektiven Dialektalität remanenter Regionalismen des Mittelbairischen
Authors: Kiesewalter Carolin
Published: March 2021

As we know, speech perception and production are strongly influenced by sign-specific "socio-pragmatic indexicality" (cf. Purschke 2014), that is, by the mental conceptions (of meaning, style etc.) people associate with individual linguistic features. I assume that, in German-speaking areas, the "subjective (notion of the) dialectality" of a non-standard feature represents a basic form of socio-pragmatic indexicality and is closely connected to language variation and change, in that the more regionalisms are regarded as non-standard features, the more they vary synchronically and diachronically. Following Purschke (2014), I define the subjective dialectality of regionalisms as being based on their feature-specific "salience" and "pertinence", that is, on both the pure awareness and further evaluation of such features as non-standard variants. A discussion of theoretical issues is followed by the presentation of empirical data from a speech perception study (in the style of Herrgen/Schmidt 1985). Scale-based judgments by Northern, Central and Southern German listeners provide evidence about the subjective dialectality of 15 Bavarian regionalisms. They further reveal how subjective dialectality is related to listeners' origins and regional language competence. Comparing the subjective data with two Bavarian speakers' language use reveals the relation between subjective dialectality and synchronic variation in the analysed regionalisms.
Pragmatic Acts In HIV/AIDS Social Management Advertisements
Authors: Makinde Toyin
Published: March 2021

Studies on the social management of HIV and AIDS have focused on how awareness about
HIV and AIDS has been created through organised and interpersonal communication. These
studies have not investigated context-constrained language use in the advertisements on the
disease despite the wide coverage and potential effectiveness of the public sensitisation about
HIV and AIDS. This study, therefore, investigated the pragmatic features of language in
selected HIV and AIDS management advertisements with a view to identifying the pragmatic
acts of the language. Aspects of pragmatic act theory, noted for negotiability of meaning
context based interactional situations was adopted for the research. All the 25 advertisements
broadcast between December 2006 and June 2009, to all African countries on both private
and government-owned television stations in Nigeria by an International non-governmental
agency known as 'it begins with you' (YOU) constituted the data. Fifty–four utterances were
generated from the adverts and were subjected to qualitative analysis and reported in simple
percentages. Six pragmatic functions manifested in the advertisements: Co-opting and
Projecting were realised through inference (INF), shared situational knowledge (SSK) and
relevance (REL) to bring the audience into the war against HIV/AIDS. Encouraging and
Emboldening were projected through SSK and INF to motivate the audience to go for HIV
test and speak openly about the virus. Instigating was done using indirect speech act to
empower the female against discrimination and stigmatisation. Advising was achieved
through SSK and INF to promote fidelity and safe sexual behaviour. The analysis of YOU
advertisements through pragmatic act theory presupposes that pragmatic functions were
exploited by the advertisers to sensitise the audience, promote social ties and project into an
HIV free generation.
Diskurse – Medien – Dispositive oder Die Situationen des Diskurses. Anmerkungen zur postfoucaultschen Diskussion um die Medialität von Diskurse
Authors: Meiler Matthias
Published: March 2021

This paper turns Post-Foucauldian discourse linguistics upside down to explore the situatedness of discourses as their material possibility condition. In order to do so I firstly clarify Foucault's notion of discourse oscillating between the poles of macro (knowledge order) and micro (material event). In a second step recent media discourse analysis is discussed as an attempt to understand "la matérialité de l'énoncé" (Foucault 1969: 135) as a possibility condition of discourses. In a third step I propose an approach that conceptualizes the possibility conditions of communicational acting systematically between media technologies and communicative genres. The media linguistic notion of Forms of Communication (cf. Domke 2010a; Holly 2011a; Meiler 2013a) promisingly conceptualizes these conditions as enabling communication, hence discourse in situ. Following this, in a fourth step three generic examples are analyzed from the related position of semiological pragmatics (cf. Jäger 2008; Rehbein 2001). By these three examples (taken from a corpus of communication in public space) the paper demonstrates how different Forms of Communication shape specific possibilities to communicate different types of discursive knowledge (and vice versa): verified, temporarily relevant, and contested knowledge. It is also worked out in which way the production conditions of each Form of Communication determine how accessible a discourse is. In this respect, public space and mass media appear to be remarkably opposed to one another.
Kollokationen – ein vernachlässigtes Gebiet der DaF-Didaktik?
Authors: Targońska Joanna
Published: March 2021

Collocations, a highly specific group of set phrases, play an important role in the process of foreign language learning and acquisition. While their importance is unquestioned, they constitute a frequent source of errors, because the learners do not focus their attention on a collocation's form. What's more, they frequently assume that specific fixed sequences of words may be freely transferred from one language to another. In this paper we argue that collocations are in fact a neglected or even unrecognized aspect of teaching German as a foreign language. First, we discuss the relevance of the issue in foreign language teaching and learning. Next, we present an overview of research on collocations. Finally, we turn to an account of the results of our empirical study supporting the thesis as framed in the title.
Aspects of Linguistic Politeness in Serbian. A Data-based
Comparison with German
Authors: Schlund Katrin
Published: March 2021

The article investigates forms of address and request behaviour in Serbian as compared to German. It is based on an empirical study with authentic speech data and a survey among na-tive speakers of the two languages. While the corpora of authentic speech data document mainly service encounters and other minimal everyday interactions, the survey aims at reveal-ing the judgements and attitudes of native speakers towards different request strategies. The results point towards the well-known distinction between "solidarity cultures" in the East and "distance cultures" in the West. However, such findings must be treated with caution as other factors seem to influence the range of strategies available in the two languages as well.
Additive Particles in Romance and Germanic Languages: Are They Really Similar?
Authors: Benazzo Sandra , Dimroth Christine
Published: March 2021

The starting point of this paper is the observation of an unequal frequency of the additive particle auch in German as compared to the paucity of its French counterpart aussi, in L1 and L2 developmental data as well as in adult native speakers' production, which leads to an investigation of the reasons for the observed difference in language use.
The paper brings together findings on the structure and discourse integration of utterances containing additive particles (translation equivalents of also) in written sources from French and German and in oral production data from speakers of French and Italian, German and Dutch. Next to data from native speakers, developmental data from learners of French and German (as L1 and L2) are shown to be relevant sources of information about the integration of the optional particles into utterances and at the discourse level. The developmental data reveal a difference between Romance and Germanic languages, concerning not only the frequency of additive particles, but also their interaction with early markers of assertion: auch/ook function as precursors of the assertive value, in competition with the expression of assertion through finiteness, whereas no such interaction is attested for aussi/anche.
A comparison of native speakers' preferential choices concerning the information unit highlighted to enhance discourse cohesion confirms the differences between the two language families: speakers of Germanic languages preferentially use particles and Verum Focus, i. e. anaphoric links operating on the assertion value of the relevant utterances, whereas speakers of Romance languages choose anaphoric links operating on the utterance's descriptive content (entities and predicate). Although additive particles across languages share a similar basic meaning, only the Germanic ones are integrated in a system of assertion-related items that push their speakers to apply a discourse perspective oriented towards a comparison of assertions.
Additive Focus Adverbs in Canonical Word Orders. A Corpus-based Study of It. anche,
Fr. aussi and E. also in Written News
Authors: De Cesare Anna-Maria
Published: March 2021

The goal of this paper is to offer a cross-linguistic analysis of the most commonly occurring additive focus adverbs used in Italian, French and English – namely anche, aussi and also – on the basis of a corpus of written texts. The corpus used in this paper consists of comparable online news in Italian, French and English amounting to approximately 750000 words. In line with previous findings, our results show that there are important quantitative and qualitative differences between It. anche, Fr. aussi and E. also. These items differ not only in their overall frequency of use but also in the specific syntactic configurations in which they occur when they associate with the Subject of a canonical sentence. These differences are partly enhanced by the fact that this paper concentrates on a non-prototypical configuration, i. e. on the cases in which the canonical Subject coincides with a new entity while the Predicate is maintained.
In Search of the Generic Identity of the Book Review:
A Chronological and Pragmatic Study
Authors: Jalilifar Alireza , Tanavar Leila
Published: March 2021

Given the significance of Book Reviews (BRs) and the fact that little has been devoted to the study of this genre, the current study investigated the macrostructure as well as the politeness features of a sample of BRs, representing two periods of time (1980-1990/2000-2010), in
applied linguistics. The main purpose of this analysis was to identify the macrostructures and
the politeness strategies in the "closing evaluation" section of BRs. The dataset consisted of
80 BRs (40 extracted from the journals published in the 1980s and 40 derived from the
journals published in the 2000s). The findings demonstrated no major quantitative differences
between the moves exploited in the BRs, except for move 3. Further, positive politeness
strategies, characteristic of the "closing evaluation" section, revealed no significant
differences deployed in the two groups of BRs, and negative politeness strategies were absent,
indicating the non-alignment of these latter strategies to BRs. The analysis of BRs can
contribute to both the schema theory and discourse analysis. The study may provide a
valuable framework for a comprehensive book review analysis.
Representation of Bakassi Peninsula Conflict in Nigeria and
Cameroon Print Media: A Critical Discourse Approach
Authors: Taiwo Rotimi , Igwebuike Ebuka
Published: March 2021

The media discursive representation of participants and their roles in conflict situations is the
focus of this study. The Nigeria-Cameroon clashes over the oil rich Bakassi Peninsula have
been reported in newspapers from the two countries. In a bid to demonstrate how social
attitudes are expressed in the discourse structure of news reports, the study analyzed news
reports from four newspapers in the countries published in the heat of the armed conflicts
between 2002 and 2010. The analysis focused on the thematic representations, the
representation of actors in the material processes and power hierarchy. Our findings show that
newspapers from each of the countries presented perspectives that seemed to favour their
positive images before the entire world, each claiming victim status for their key actors. In
terms of the different ideologies and values that motivate the news reports, the Nigerian
newspapers adopted event-oriented reporting style, thereby appealing to the value of social
justice. The news visibly portrayed the abuse of human rights and injustice by Cameroon
security forces. On the other hand, Cameroon newspapers, while presenting misfortunes of
the country's security forces in the hands of the militant groups from Nigeria, portrayed
Cameroon security forces as responsive and capable of handling the conflict. The
foregrounding of the virtues of the country's security forces in the news reports in Cameroon
newspapers demonstrates that they are motivated by the ideology of patriotism.
"Normalisierung nach rechts": Politischer Diskurs im Spannungsfeld von Neoliberalismus, Populismus und kritischer Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Wodak Ruth
Published: March 2021

In recent years, we can observe a shift towards the right, in politics and the related political discourse. This paper analyses this development for debates on migration in Austria, while drawing on the concept of "normalisation". The basic assumption is illustrated with an example of Austrian debates following the terrorist attacks in Paris, 7.–9.01.2015. In the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a complete sample of 72 newspaper articles in the period of two weeks in January/February 2015, it becomes obvious that the notion of "unwillingness to integrate" ("Integrationsunwilligkeit"), a completely vague notion (a "floating signifier") which remains undefined and was used only by the right-wing populist party FPÖ in the 1990s, has since moved to the middle of the political spectrum and was suddenly employed by the political mainstream in 2014 and 2015. Moreover, the analysis provides some evidence for the merging of two completely unrelated arguments: an argument about how to deal with non-compliance of adolescent migrant school children with an argument about the prevention of radicalisation in society.
Demokratie als Politischer Strategiekern
Authors: Salomon David
Published: March 2021

"Democracy" is a political term and controversial as such. It is in the nature of political con-cepts that they are not only descriptive but that they are also connected to options of agency. The concept of democracy is associated with a number of widely diverging political strategies. The most diverse political currents, movements, governments refer to themselves as "democratic"; widely different political systems are called "democratic". And especially in the context of Western "democracies" the description "democratic" is supposed to translate as "most valuable". The contribution departures from concrete rhetorical classifications as "democratic" or "undemocratic" and focuses primarily on two antagonistic strategies: While concepts of "social democracy" conceptualize democracy as an unfinished process and de-mand the democratization of society (including the economic realm), concepts of liberal de-mocracy seek to restrict the democratic principle to the realm of institutionalized politics.
Barrierefreie Kommunikation als Voraussetzung und Mittel für die Partizipation benachteiligter Gruppen – Ein (polito-)linguistischer Blick auf Probleme und Potenziale von "Leichter" und "einfacher Sprache"
Authors: Bock Bettina
Published: March 2021

"Leichte Sprache" as the equivalent concept to Easy-to-read and a form of accessible communi-cation has been established in the German-speaking countries since the early 2000s. It is ad-dressed to people with learning disabilities and other groups with difficulties in reading and understanding (simple and complex) written text. In 2009 the German government ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and thereby committed itself to provid-ing accessible information and communication. However, the concept's scientific exploration is still in its early stages. The existing lists of linguistic features and design rules were devel-oped mainly intuitively. A systematic empirical investigation of "Leichte Sprache" is still to be done. The current practice is often slanted towards (over-)simplification, reduction of infor-mation, of lexical and grammatical variety and of stylistic differentiation.
"Leichte Sprache" is intended as a means of supporting and enabling participation in different areas of life for the target group. The article wants to investigate the chances and problems of this accessible form of communication as a prerequisite for and a means of political participa-tion from a linguistic point of view. By way of example three texts are linguistically analysed and compared: For the elections to the Bundestag in 2013 the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) released three manifestos, one regular version, one version modified into "Leichte Sprache" and one version modified into einfache Sprache, which is a similar concept allowing more complexity than "Leichte Sprache". The linguistic analysis mainly focuses on the different strategies regarding the presentation of content, regarding lexis, adequate realisation of text type and function as well as on semantic and pragmatic aspects (frames, speech acts). Subsequently, the article discusses which consequences result from the different linguistic presentations with a view to enabling democratic participation.
Selbstgerechtigkeit – Selbstermächtigte Status-Degradierungszeremonien von Online-Petitionen bis zum Lynchen 2.0
Authors: Liebert Wolf-Andreas
Published: March 2021

An increasing lack of commitment and brutalization was observed due to the erosion of traditional communities in late modernism (cf. Duerr 1993; Sennet
1998). In Social Media, this is shown as an aggressive style (flaming) or as "hate speech" (cf. Butler 2013), increasingly in organized forms of ensembles
of actors of aggression directed specifically against individuals. This libel and these hate acts underlie a complex practice which can be described with
Harold Garfinkel's concept as "status degradation ceremony". Garfinkel's terms refer to court cases, i. e. an institutionalized form of aggression
exercising – according to Sigmund Freud's terms one of the main benefits of every culture in order to prevent violent squalor and brutality. At the same
time, however, Freud also expressed unease ("Unbehagen") that this aggression could more or less break with institutional failure. Today, such processes
can be increasingly observed in a bandwidth ranging from simple online petitions to radical forms of vigilantism.
In order to understand why individuals take the law into their own hands and – often associated with a more or less large swarm formation – why they are
trying to define law, to judge, and even to execute their own "judgments" outside of the democratically constituted legal system, a second concept is
introduced, the concept of "Selbstermächtigung" which refers to practices of autonomy. This concept of "Selbstermächtigung" is understood as a
time diagnostic term to describe a number of communicative practices which could jeopardize democracy in one of its institutional foundations in question:
its legal constitution. "Selbstermächtigung" describes a contemporary mentality which contains a strong, emotionally charged tension between the
individual and the institution namely in all sorts of social institutions, such as in health, science, but also democracy – which only just enables these
criticism of institutions. From the two analytical concepts of "Selbstermächtigung" and the status degradation ceremony, we can develop the concept of
a "self-authorized status degradation ceremony". With this concept, we can examine both simple online petitions and extreme forms of vigilante justice,
which are similar to lynching. This is done plausible on the basis of exemplary analyzes. Finally, the danger is clear that the anti institutionally
polarized mentality of "Selbstermächtigung" exactly threatens the institution that enables them.
Konzeptualisierung der Emotionen auf der Mikrotextebene (am Beispiel von Sprichwörtern mit der Komponente Zorn)
Authors: Gondek Anna
Published: March 2021

In this paper I would like to present the emotionality and emotions in German proverbs on the example of proverbs with the component anger. I am focused not on theoretical considerations about the proverb but on the analysis of the collected language material. The component anger is one of the highly productive proverbial components, it has been found in over four hundred units. It should be noted that most of the proverbs feature the negative effects of this emotion. The analysis of the material allowed for the extraction of nine main groups which show how anger is perceived and described in German proverbs. For example: anger blinds people, makes them lose self-control and brings about serious consequences. Although currently proverbs are often negatively labelled as simple wisdom of ordinary people, I think that they have not entirely lost their social and educational content.
Gleichen sie sich wie ein Ei dem anderen oder sind doch verschieden wie Tag und Nacht? Deutsche und polnische komparative Phraseologismen aus kontrastiver und phraseodidaktischer Sicht
Authors: Laskowski Marek
Published: March 2021

The present article aims at a comparative analysis of comparative idioms (comparisons), which represent a large subgroup of multi-word compounds. The researched material proves that the primary function of comparative idioms is their extraordinary expressiveness. They mainly emphasize the description of human characteristics and patterns of behavior, both positive and negative. In both studied languages, comparative idioms play the same role, which consists of expressiveness and, through the imagery, leads to a better exploration, perception, understanding and recording of reality. Polish and German comparisons are consistent with each other in this regard because, despite the variety of subcultures, including habits and cus-toms, different historical development of their own literature, different faiths and economic development, as well as the different evolutions of the two languages, they exhibit many simi-larities to each on the three studied levels.
Spezifische Probleme beim Übersetzen von Phraseologismen am Beispiel des Kinderromans Emil und die Detektive von Erich Kästner
Authors: Ślawski Jarosław
Published: March 2021

Specific problems of collocations translation illustrated on examples from children's novel Emil and the Detectives by Erich Kästner.
The paper presents specific problems of translating collocations based on examples from children's novel Emil and the Detectives and its four Polish translated versions.
These problems are due to the presence of collocations plentitude in everyday language and typical Kästner's modifications.
Kästner's modifications within collocations include metaphorical comparisons and the typical accumulation of collocations within a few verses.
Most often they are partly idiomatic and may cause difficulties for young readers with understanding. However, problematic matters are with zero e quivalency counterparts in the target text, which are conditioned by external factors such as culture, history and folk customs. These factors should also be taken into consideration when it comes to a translation.
Perioden mit Smileys. Zum Verhältnis von Emoticons und Interpunktion
Authors: Rinas Karsten , Uhrová Veronika
Published: March 2021

This study deals with smileys/emoticons which are frequently used in e-mails, chats and other modern types of text. The use of these signs is analyzed from the viewpoint of the theory of writing; special attention is paid to the question of the relationship of these signs to (German) punctuation. For this purpose, smileys and traditional punctuation are compared under various aspects (emotionality, irony, structuring of text). Another component of this study is a discussion of reflections on the use of smileys found in the pertinent literature and in internet forums. It is shown that the “system of smileys” shares several common features with the older theory of punctuation and can therefore be regarded as a (rudimentary) system of punctuation in a nascent state.
Der wissenschaftliche Artikel in der germanistischen Linguistik als Modell für den Unterricht wissenschaftlichen Schreibens: Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie
Authors: Huemer Birgit
Published: March 2021

Similar structures in research articles of different disciplines indicate that the research article can be qualified as a genre across disciplinary borders. In spite of these structural similarities, which are constitutive for a genre, there are linguistic varieties that can be found in research articles of several disciplines relevant to be pointed out when teaching academic writing at the university. Little research has been conducted so far on linguistic varieties within subcategories of a discipline, because it is assumed that linguistic varieties within the genre research article are discipline-specific and therefore can only be found across disciplines.
This article will present the results of a pilot study in which linguistic varieties within the discipline German linguistics have been researched. 14 introductions to research articles within this field have been selected in order to analyse their macro structure in detail. The data has been taken from a high rated journal in the field of German linguistics called Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik (ZGL 2014) in which the most important articles that have been published in the year before are promoted.
The study shows that the macro structure of the research articles’ introductions are essentially determined by the research question and the research method, which vary within this discipline. This result is particularly relevant for the teaching of academic writing, because it offers an alternative approach to support the writing process oriented towards the core of every research: which is to formulate a research question and to choose an appropriate method rather than to strictly follow assumed disciplinary writing norms.
Die Entwicklungslogik der nominalen Determinativkomposition im Deutschen – verstanden als Grammatikalisierung
Authors: Werner Martina
Published: March 2021

Under the assumption of an individually grammatical semantics of word-formation types, this paper deals with the development of determinative compounding in the history of German from an inner-morphological perspective. Diachronically, the former research observed that German nouns have become “longer”, i. e. more complex (firstly been formulated by Wurzel 1996). Additionally, some morphological restrictions within nominal compounding have been documented for historical stages of German, but some of them cannot be attested in present-day German. This suggests a formally and semantically motivated, inner-morphological change which can be described in terms of grammaticalization theory. For this purpose, previ-ous results from historical word-formation and semantics will be combined with new observa-tions on morphological discontinuities in the history of German, especially by focussing on morphological restrictions from a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Since this approach comprises various linguistic phenomena (such as the diachronic development of part of speeches, (de-)referencialization, definiteness etc.) and since morphological restrictions have merely not been documented empirically – neither for present-day nor for historical stages of German, the paper aims at sketching the most prominent lines of development from a theoreti-cal perspective, also by contrasting them with results from language typology, variational lin-guistics, and semantics. Additionally, the paper provides morpho-syntactical prospects for further theoretical and empirical research on historical morphology, also by conceiving word-internal language change as an integral part of the dynamics of morpho-syntactic structuring.
L’apport des corpus échantillonnés aux descriptions grammaticales. L’exemple des formes contre et entre
Authors: Bilger Mireille , Cappeau Paul
Published: March 2021

The following article sets out to show how different kinds of sampled corpus data can be used to provide a critical view of certain descriptions given in reference works (grammars and dictionaries) which, for French, tend to concentrate on literary usage. We show how quantitative and qualitative methods can be proposed to nuance the descriptions, using the example of the forms contre and entre in four different corpora: private speech, public speech, literature, press.
Du dictionnaire de fréquence au lexique pour les apprenant·e·s de FLE : l’exemple des adjectifs / noms communs de personnes
Authors: Elmiger Daniel , Kamber Alain
Published: March 2021

In French morphology, there is a certain proximity of categories and inflectional models between adjectives and nouns (e. g. responsable (adj.) – le/la responsable (noun)). This is hardly reflected in FLE textbooks (French as a foreign language), which tend to present the grammatical categories and inflectional paradigms separately. The topic of transcategorisation is investigated using a large electronic corpus (Corpus français Leipzig), which will be briefly described, as well as the frequency dictionary created on the basis of the same data. The empirical approach is exemplified by several words that are subject to a certain categorical variation; this addresses the question theoretically and suggests further didactical considerations.
Quelle collocation causative enseigner ? L’exemple des structures V causatif + N d’EMOTION
Authors: Bak Sienkiewicz Monika
Published: March 2021

This analysis is part of a group of studies on the combinatorial profile of nouns of emotion (Blumenthal 2002). Aligned with the syntactic pattern V + N in the cause and effect relationship (Nazarenko 2000), the aim of this study is to analyze the attraction between the causative verbs and the predicate nouns included in the nine emotions fields of the Emolex classification. The study of how these constructions function in the Emolex digital corpus of journalistic and literary texts should allow us to identify the attraction between these two grammatical classes, to highlight their combinatorial profiles (adjectives, adverbs...). The issue aims to answer the following question: what kinds of causative combination verb + noun of emotion should we teach?
Homophonie et maîtrise du français écrit : apport de l’apprentissage sur corpus
Authors: Leray Maï , Tyne Henry
Published: March 2021

Mastery of spelling in L1 French is notoriously complex, in particular due to morphographic difficulties and grammatical homophony. This study investigates the use of data-driven learning in French primary schools for the homophonous set /sE/ (c’est, s’est, ces, ses, sais/t). The results show that whereas initially there is no difference in comparison to traditional teaching (i.e. following pre-test, fewer errors are made in general at the time of learning by both experimental and control groups), there is less attrition for the data-driven learning group, with some spellings progressing even at the post-test stage. We suggest that data-driven learning may be used for developing spelling in L1 French as learners are exposed to enriched input. The question of how a predominantly L2-based method can be applied to L1 pedagogy is raised.
Wie kommen wir an die Bilder in unseren Köpfen? Zur Methodologie einer interkulturell anwendbaren Stereotypenerhebung
Authors: Ossenberg Stefan , Baur Rupprecht S.
Published: March 2021

SI.DE is an international research project at the University of Duisburg-Essen, which examines German, Russian, Turkish and Chinese auto- and heterostereotypes. Questioning for the study is made online and consists of two surveys; one survey based on stereotypes and a second based on the perception of each other’s foreign language. The questionnaire on stereotypes contains 140 attributes in total, while the respondents can select all of them without any limitation. The choice of these attributes is based on previous investigations, where methodologically formative surveys within the field of stereotype research had been compared with each other. Therefore, it is of high importance to take account of the transferability of the attributes to other languages, without any loss of crop-specific connotations. After the first phase of the study, the items on the attribute list have proved valuable. The construction of the questionnaire and the selected items are described in the following. Moreover, the perception in each other’s language is being researched on the basis of polarity profiles.
„Blasse Mädchen“ im Spiegel – Zur Berichterstattung über Politikerinnen im Wahlkampfjahr 2013 am Beispiel von Medientexten über Katja Kipping
Authors: Heier Anke
Published: March 2021

This paper examines how the news magazine Der Spiegel and the online platform Spiegel Online (SPON) portrayed the politician Katja Kipping from the German party Die LINKE during the election campaign in 2013. Kipping is since 2012 chairman of the party Die LINKE and contributes to the increasing number of women in politics in recent years. The debate on sexism in everyday life and politics and the discussion related to the appointment of Ursula von der Leyen as the first female German defense minister has shown that an increasing number of women in politics does not automatically lead to the opinion that women are suitable for a political office. Since der Spiegel is one of Germany’s most influential weekly news magazines, it is important to be aware of the contribution it makes to a person’s image in the media and the influence on the election campaign, because if this image is undifferentiated, the reader may reduce the image even more. This reinforces the process of stereotyping. The purpose is to analyze to what extent der Spiegel and SPON spread a unilateral or a differentiated picture or concept and what features of the investigated person that are highlighted. Methodologically, the study is based on the questionnaire for frame analysis by Ziem, modifies it and applies a sequence of questions adapted to female politicians.
Die mehrsprachige Universität und ihre Stereotype Einblicke in das Forschungsprojekt VAMUS
Authors: Flach Marion
Published: March 2021

Science and academic education are determined by discussion and scientific exchange across borders of both languages and countries. Consequently, universities can be understood as melting-pots: places where, traditionally, different forms of multilingualism are practiced. Academic staff, students, and administrative staff have different perceptions of multilingualism. Furthermore, they develop their specific and individual attitudes which are presumably influenced by traditions of the faculty or even the discipline. In this paper, I will present first findings of the research project “Interwoven Analysis of Forms of Multilingualism Illustrated by the Example of the University of Salzburg” (OeNB Project Nr° 15 827) which aims to investigate the complex situation described above. In addition, I will focus on perceptions of multilingualism (also including different varieties of the German language). To determine how stereotypes and attitudes towards multilingualism are expressed, there will be a content analysis of interviews. It is shown that there is a difference in the use of attitudes and stereotypes. They differ particularly in matters of social validity. This suggests that it is important as well to have a further look on the theoretical distinction.
Zur Verwendung nationaler Identitätskomponenten in der Unternehmenskommunikation – ein deutsch-dänischer Vergleich
Authors: Larsen Aase Voldgaard , Pedersen Anne Grethe Julius , Knudsen Katrine
Published: March 2021

How does globalization influence companies’ depiction of their national origin? In this study, we analyse and compare corporate websites of German and Danish companies related to the wind energy sector. Traditionally, Country of Origin (COO) has been used within certain industries with the purpose of achieving a competitive advantage. The wind energy sector is a relatively new sector with market potential worldwide. This situation has led us to investigate whether companies in this sector regard themselves as national and whether they choose to position themselves by means of COO indicators. The analysis includes various indicators of national affiliation, such as the use of national flags or colours and references to Germany or Denmark. Moreover, we investigate which alternative parameters are chosen by the companies that do not depict themselves through national identity features. In summary, the study shows that the national identity is still of great importance and is regarded as a valuable position parameter in the cleantech-industry.
Deutsch-dänische Stereotypenwelten im SMiK-Projekt
Authors: Hofmann Annika , Hallsteinsdóttir Erla
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we will first present the current state of research regarding stereotypes and ideas of Germans and Danes about each other. This paper will then display research approaches of the SMiK-project. In the second half of the paper, the results of the questionnaire survey “Typically German – typically Danish” which reveal current German-Danish stereotypes will be presented. Last but not least, this paper includes a study of stereotypes that are used on German-Danish internet platforms and, thus, offer insights into chosen aspects of the linguistic analyses of the SMiK-project.
Didaktisch-methodische Perspektiven auf nationale Stereotype: Facetten einer unterrichtspraktischen Konkretisierung
Authors: Baunsgard Koll Philipp , Heinz Tobias
Published: March 2021

In this article we address a central theme of how lessons in German and Danish that sensitise students for national clichés (stereotypes) can be designed. By introducing the training aids that support a language teaching about German and Danish clichés, we move concrete materials and results from teaching lessons in German and Danish schools as well as other educational institutions in the centre of our focus. Programmatically, a didactic-methodical model of sensitisation, reflexion and criticism is explained. Theoretical and terminological differentiations on the subject areas stereotype and stereotyping and to dimensions of stereotypes refer to the topical linguistic and social-psychological research discussion. Thoughts on the verisi-militude of national stereotypes from a didactic view decide the contribution.