bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Crestal Bone Levels of Basal Implants and Conventional Implants: A Clinico Radiological Study
Authors: Pandaw Kshitibhushan Singh , Malagi Sachin K , Abraham Dennis V , Tembhurne Saurabh , Banerjee Sneha , Mahato Arundhuti
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study presents a comparative analysis of crestal bone levels, keratinized gingiva width (KGW), and gingival thickness (BGT) between basal and conventional dental implants over a 6-month period in the mandibular posterior region.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 patients were divided into two groups: Group A (basal implants) and Group B (conventional implants). Both groups underwent flapless implant placements, with immediate loading for basal implants and delayed loading for conventional implants.

Results:

The results demonstrated significant differences in crestal bone levels, KGW, and BGT between the two groups. The basal implant group exhibited greater mean changes in crestal bone levels (0.35 mm), KGW (0.27 mm), and BGT (0.30 mm) compared to the conventional implant group. These findings suggest a potentially higher risk of bone loss and soft tissue alterations with basal implants, likely due to the biomechanical stresses associated with immediate loading.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that while basal implants offer the advantage of immediate loading, they may also present challenges related to bone and soft tissue stability.
Extraction of Broken Incarcerated Flexible Reamer Using Kuntscher Nail Reamer While Performing Femur Nailing: A Technical Note
Authors: Kotian Prem , Nayak U Keerthan Ranga , Baranwal Shivam , Shetty Vivid
Published: November 2024

Femur nailing is a standard surgical procedure used to treat femur fractures. Complications can arise such as breakage of the flexible reamer within the femoral canal. This case report presents a very rarely encountered scenario during a femur nailing procedure where a broken flexible reamer was extracted retrogradely from the femoral canal. The extraction was successfully accomplished using a Kuntscher nail reamer, showcasing an alternative technique for addressing such complications. The patient experienced a successful recovery with no significant postoperative complications. This case highlights the importance of proper instrumentation and the adaptability required in orthopedic procedures. Instrument breakage is one of the rare complications faced by surgeons during orthopedic procedures. Preparedness keeping various removal techniques in mind is of utmost importance to come out of such a distressful situation.
An Update on Tennis Elbow
Authors: Pai G. Mithun , Acharya Ashwath M. , Bhat Anil K. , Navaneeth P. K.
Published: November 2024

Lateral epicondylitis (LE) leading to lateral elbow pain can result in disability and reduced quality of life. Repetitive grasping and extension of the wrist can lead to microtears and degenerative changes in the extensor tendons. Repeated extension of the wrist against resistance along with overuse is the most common history elicited. Patients with LE symptoms are usually relieved without surgery. However, disagreements persist about the efficacy of nonsurgical treatment and the strategy that allows for the quickest recovery. Furthermore, there is ongoing discussion in the literature on surgical management and alternative treatment options for refractory cases. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the management approaches for LE.
Multiple parafoveal retinal detachment in myopic tractional maculopathy
Authors: Yeh Tsai-Chu , Chen Shih-Jen
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the occurrence of multiple parafoveal retinal detachments (RDs) in myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), emphasizing the atypical extrafoveal involvement compared to central foveal detachment commonly observed. Patient 1, a 46-year-old male, exhibited MTM with retinoschisis and four small subretinal fluid (SRF) pockets inferior to the fovea, accompanied by a hyperautofluorescent vitelliform deposit. Patient 2, a 43-year-old male, reported ring-shaped dim vision in the left eye, displaying MTM with six stable SRF pockets surrounding the fovea. These SRF pockets maintained a stable size ranging from 173 to 1140 um in diameter over the course of a 5-year follow-up period. Interestingly, fluorescein and indocyanine angiography showed no leakage or hyperpermeability in both cases. The study highlights the necessity for a comprehensive exploration of extrafoveal RDs in MTM, challenging conventional expectations. The mechanism of these persistent extrafoveal detachments associated with myopic schisis was unknown. The findings prompt further research to unravel the intricate mechanisms of this rarely reported phenomenon, emphasizing the importance of expanding our understanding of extrafoveal manifestations in eyes with MTM.
Intraoperative thermostatic nursing and failure mode and effects analysis enhance gastrectomies’ care quality
Authors: Wang Xian-Yong , Zhao Yi-Lei , Wen Sha-Sha , Song Xiao-Yu , Mo Lu , Xiao Zhi-Wei
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Utilizing failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in operating room nursing provides valuable insights for the care of patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.

AIM

To evaluate the impact of FMEA on the risk of adverse events and nursing-care quality in patients undergoing radical surgery.

METHODS

Among 230 patients receiving radical cancer surgery between May 2019 and May 2024, 115 were assigned to a control group that received standard intraoperative thermoregulation, while the observation group benefited from FMEA-modeled operating room care. Clinical indicators, stress responses, postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery, nursing quality, and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed in bed and hospital stay durations between the groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss or postoperative body temperature (P > 0.05). Stress scores improved in both groups post-nursing (P < 0.05), with the observation group showing lower stress scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal function recovery and nursing quality scores also differed significantly (P < 0.05). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events such as stress injuries and surgical infections varied notably between the groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Incorporating FMEA into operating room nursing significantly enhances patient care by improving safety, expediting recovery, and reducing healthcare-associated risks.
Novel techniques of liver segmental and subsegmental pedicle anatomy from segment 1 to segment 8
Authors: Wang Shao-Dong , Wang Li , Xiao Heng , Chen Kai , Liu Jia-Rui , Chen Zhu , Lan Xiang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Laparoscopic anatomical liver resection has become more challenging because some subsegmental Glissonean pedicles are hard to dissect. Here, we introduce how to dissect every (sub) segmental Glissonean pedicle from the first porta hepatis and perform standardized (sub) segmentectomy [from segment 1 (S1) to S8].

AIM

To summarize our methods of laparoscopic anatomical segmental and subsegmental liver resection.

METHODS

The Glisson sheath and liver capsule were separated along the Laennec membrane. The Glissonean pedicle could be isolated and transected with little or no parenchymal damage through this extra-Glissonean dissection approach. The basin of the (sub) segment was determined by the ischemia demarcation line or indocyanine green staining. The hepatic vein or intersegmental vein was also used to guide the plane of parenchymal transection.

RESULTS

All segmental or subsegmental pedicles or even the pedicle of the cone unit could be dissected along the Laennec membrane using our novel technique through the first porta hepatis. The dorsal branches of S8, the branches of S4a and the paracaval portion branches (b/c vein) of the caudate lobe were the most difficult to dissect.

CONCLUSION

The novel techniques of liver segmental and subsegmental pedicle anatomy is feasible for laparoscopic liver resection and can help accurately guide (sub) segmentectomy from S1 to S8.
Therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for gastric cancer metastasis
Authors: Xie Fei-Fei , Qian Su-Ting , Zhao Hao-Yu , Liu Qing-Sheng
Published: November 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis for GC patients. In recent years, breakthroughs in immunotherapy have been made in the treatment of many kinds of cancers, providing new hope for patients with GC metastasis. This paper reviews the mechanism of immunotherapy in GC metastasis and its clinical application, and discusses and compares the research and efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with liver metastasis, lung metastasis, peritoneal metastasis and lymph node metastasis of GC. This study explores the challenges and future development directions of immunotherapy, and provides a theoretical basis and clinical guidance for the precise treatment of patients with GC metastasis.
Does lymph node dissection improve the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer?
Authors: Wang Liang , Liu Shan-Shan
Published: November 2024

The number of lymph nodes (LNs) dissected during surgery has become an interesting topic. Simple intuition always leads us to believe that dissecting more LNs will result in more accurate pathological staging and assurance of surgical quality. However, when the number of LNs dissected reaches a certain threshold, the patient’s prognosis does not continue to improve as the number of dissected nodes increases. Instead, an increase in the number of dissected LNs may be accompanied by a higher incidence of complications. Currently, there are only less than 40% of colorectal cancer patients undergoing adequate LN evaluation. Therefore, obtaining a sufficient number of LNs in clinical practice is extremely challenging. How to further address the insufficiency of LN dissection due to various reasons, which results in concerns of surgeons about patient prognosis, is currently a critical focus.
Landscape of transarterial chemoembolization represented interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fu Yang-Yang , Li Wen-Mao , Cai Hong-Qiao , Jiao Yan
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the article written by Tan et al . Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the main treatment methods for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are other vascular interventional therapies, including drug-eluting bead TACE, transarterial radioembolization, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. TACE combined with anti-angiogenesis therapy may improve tumor control and prolong progression free survival. The combination therapy of TACE and immunotherapy may improve the clinical efficacy of HCC. In future research, more basic and clinical studies are needed to explore the immunogenic intervention therapy.
Factors Associated with Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Readmission Among Trauma Patients in Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Yongwoong , Kang Byung Hee
Published: November 2024

Background: In trauma patients, unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) readmission (UIR) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to analyze associated factors for UIR in trauma patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on trauma patients admitted to the ICU at a trauma center from January 2016 to December 2022. Clinical information at admission, the first ICU hospitalization, first discharge from the ICU, and reasons for readmission were collected. Patients who were successfully discharge from the ICU were compared to UIR patients. Logistic regression was performed to determine the factors with a significant impact on ICU readmission. Results: Here, 5,529 patients were admitted to the ICU over 7 years, and 212 patients (3.8%) experienced UIR. Among patients who experienced UIR, 9 (4.2%) died. In the UIR patients, hospital stay (20 days [interquartile range, 13–35] vs. 45 days [28–67], P<0.001), total ICU stay (5 days [3– 11] vs. 17 days [9–35], P<0.001), and complications during the first ICU hospitalization were significantly higher. The most common reason for UIR was respiratory problem (53.8%). In multivariable analysis, cervical spine operation during the first ICU hospitalization (odds ratio, 6.56; 95% CI, 3.62–11.91; P<0.001), renal replacement therapy (RRT; 3.52, 2.06–5.99, P<0.001), and massive blood transfusion protocol (MTP; 1.74, 1.08–2.81, P=0.023) were most highly related with UIR. Conclusions: Because UIR patients had poor outcomes, trauma patients who underwent cervical spine operation, RRT, or MTP require monitoring in the general ward, especially for respiratory problems.
A deep learning model for estimating sedation levels using heart rate variability and vital signs: a retrospective cross-sectional study at a center in South Korea
Authors: Kim You Sun , Lee Bongjin , Jang Wonjin , Jeon Yonghyuk , Park June Dong
Published: November 2024

seBackground:Optimal sedation assessment in critically ill children remains challenging due to the subjective nature of behavioral scales and intermittent evaluation schedules. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model based on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and vital signs to predict effective and safe sedation levels in pediatric patients.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary children’s hospital. We developed deep learning models incorporating HRV parameters extracted from electrocardiogram waveforms and vital signs to predict Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). The data were split into training, validation, and test sets (6:2:2), and the models were developed using a 1D ResNet architecture.Results: Analysis of 4,193 feature sets from 324 patients achieved excellent discrimination ability, with AUROC values of 0.867, 0.868, 0.858, 0.851, and 0.811 for whole number RASS thresholds of −5 to −1, respectively. AUPRC values ranged from 0.928 to 0.623, showing superior performance in deeper sedation levels. The HRV metric SDANN2 showed the highest feature importance, followed by systolic blood pressure and heart rate.Conclusions: A combination of HRV parameters and vital signs can effectively predict sedation levels in pediatric patients, offering the potential for automated and continuous sedation monitoring in pediatric intensive care settings. Future multi-center validation studies are needed to establish broader applicability.
Location and Operation of Air Brake Controls in Motor Truck Cabs
Authors:   Truck and Bus Human Factors Committee
Published: November 2024

This recommended practice shall apply to all on-highway trucks and truck-tractors equipped with air brake systems and having a GVW rating of 26 000 lb or more.
A new frontier for competition litigation: private enforcement in digital markets following the DMCC Act
Authors: Williams Joe , Reid Naomi
Published: November 2024

On 24 May 2024, the Digital Markets Consumer and Competition Act obtained royal assent. The DMCC Act establishes, inter alia, a bespoke regulatory regime for digital markets in the United Kingdom (Digital Markets Regime). This article considers both the scope for private enforcement under that Digital Markets Regime, as well as the potential impact that the Digital Markets Regime may have on the private enforcement of competition law in digital markets.
Unpacking the Digital Markets Act: a milestone ruling against ByteDance and its implications for potential gatekeepers
Authors: Humpe Christophe , Barbu-O’Connor Ciara , Dowell Gregory , Botas-Armero Roque
Published: November 2024

The General Court of the European Union recently issued the first substantive ruling addressing the interpretation of the EU Digital Markets Act. In that ruling – in Case T-1077/2 ByteDance v. Commission – the General Court endorsed the European Commission’s approach to applying the ‘gatekeeper’ criteria under Article 3(1) of the Digital Markets Act, confirming the Commission’s decision to designate ByteDance as a gatekeeper in respect of its online social networking service, TikTok. This article explains the context in which the dispute between ByteDance and the Commission arose, including the process through which the initial group of gatekeepers was designated. It then goes on to dissect the General Court’s reasoning and comment on its implications for future enforcement of the Digital Markets Act – particularly when it comes to the designation of additional gatekeepers and/or core platform services.
An Oasis or a mirage? How dynamic pricing is assessed under UK competition and consumer protection law
Authors: Holland Jackie , Mostyn Henry , Jay Anders
Published: November 2024

This article explains the consumer protection and competition law rules that apply to dynamic pricing in the United Kingdom. It describes the framework for assessing dynamic pricing under current and incoming UK legislation (including the Digital Markets, Competition, and Consumers Act 2024). It explains what dynamic pricing is, and how this has to date been regarded by the Competition and Markets Authority and other agencies. It then provides a summary of potentially applicable competition and consumer rules. Finally, it sets out a list of recommendations for businesses considering dynamic pricing strategies.
Understanding How Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction Drive Commitment and Citizenship Behavior in SMEs
Authors: PURNAMA Chamdan , FATMAH Dinda , RAHMAH Mirhamida , HASANI Syaiful , RAHMAH Yusriyah , RAHMAH Zakiyah Zulfa
Published: November 2024

Purpose – What is the gap in prior literature this paper fills in? This study addresses a gap in the literature by investigating the relationships between organizational culture (OC), job satisfaction (JS), normative commitment (NC), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) within the context of Clothing SMEs in Indonesia.
Aims(s) – The primary aim is to understand how organizational culture and job satisfaction influence normative commitment and OCB, with a secondary aim of identifying the mediating role of normative commitment in these relationships.
Design/methodology/approach – Using an explanatory research approach, data was collected from 165 employees of Clothing SMEs across Indonesia through questionnaires utilizing a five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, incorporating a two-stage approach to assess both the outer and inner models.
Findings –The results show that organizational culture positively influences both normative commitment (β = 0.439, p < 0.000) and OCB (β = 0.223, p < 0.003). Job satisfaction also positively affects normative commitment (β = 0.379, p < 0.000) and OCB (β = 0.318, p < 0.000). Moreover, normative commitment serves as a mediator, enhancing the effects of organizational culture and job satisfaction on OCB.
Limitations of the study – The cross-sectional design limits the ability to infer causality, and the focus on the textile sector in SMEs may limit generalizability. Future research should explore these relationships in other industries and consider longitudinal designs.
Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature by empirically demonstrating the causal interactions between organizational culture, job satisfaction, normative commitment, and OCB, with a specific focus on SMEs in a developing country context.
Organizational Identification as a Mediator of Organizational Support, Employee Engagement, and Commitment: The Case of Non-Teaching Employees in the Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT)
Authors: DUROG Mark Ronie O. , RESURRECCION Pamela F.
Published: November 2024

Purpose – The primary objective of this study is to assess and compare the levels of organizational identification, employee engagement, organizational commitment, and perceptions of organizational support between contract-of-service and regular non-teaching employees in a state university in Iligan City.
Aims(s) – This study investigates whether OI among contract-of-service and regular non-teaching employees mediates the relationships between OS, EE, and OC.
Design/methodology/approach – This study used a cross-sectional quantitative research design. The respondents comprised 81 contract-of-service and 91 regular non-teaching employees from different offices in MSU-IIT using an online survey form. The collected data was analyzed using SmartPLS4 and Partial Least Square of Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses.
Findings – The findings show that Organizational Identification (OI) significantly mediates the relationship between Organizational Support and Affective Commitment (AC), with stronger effects for contract-of-service employees. For contract-of-service and regular employees, OI is crucial in linking support and commitment. Regular non-teaching employees show stronger OI than temporary workers, enhancing their engagement and commitment.
Limitations of the study and practical implications – Future research can also be conducted on a larger sample size, including other government higher educational institutions in Mindanao, to generalize the findings. One such limitation is the scope of this study, which is limited to a state university in Iligan City only. This work is limited to the MSU-IIT non-teaching employees; a cross-cultural study may be conducted to see if any variations occur in other cultural settings. A comparative study among the non-teaching employees of government and private higher educational institutions is also suggested.
Originality - This research contributes to the broader understanding of employee dynamics, especially the non-teaching employees within the academic sector, specifically in the Philippine context, with implications for improving institutional performance and employee well-being.
The Role of Organisational Culture and Situational Factors in Predicting Workplace Deviation Among Public Employees
Authors: OLABIMITAN Benjamin Adegboyega , BABALOLA Sunday Samson
Published: November 2024

Purpose – This study examined the influence of situational factors on organisational deviance and how organisational culture could mediate these factors among public employees.
Aims(s) – The study aimed to identify predictors of workplace deviant behaviour in the public service and the mediatory roles of organisational cultures in these predictors.
Design/methodology/approach – The study employed a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from 430 participants; the analysis included regression analysis and structural equation modelling to examine the mediating effect of organisational culture.
Findings – The results of the structural equation modelling adopted in the data analysis revealed that injustice, stress, and lack of support were responsible for the increased observed organisational behaviour. The result also revealed that perceived organisational injustice and work stress levels significantly predict deviant behaviour among the studied group, while the organisation's culture mediated the influence of justice and stress predictor variables.
Limitations of the study – The study outcome may not be free of sampling error and non-response error due to self-reported surveys that could be subject to bias. The sample may be limited to public service, thus limiting the generalisation of the findings to other sectors.
Practical implications and Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature on the mediating role of organisational culture in deviant work behaviour. It also shows how the organisational culture could be used to control or prevent this cankerworm called workplace deviation among employees who implement policies within the organisation.
Human-Centred Economics The Living Standards of Nations, 2024 Palgrave Macmillan, 356pp. Richard Samans
Authors: Lopes Tiago Camarinha
Published: November 2024

Human-Centred Economics: The Living Standards of Nations, by Richard Samans, is a bold and optimistic book. Its main message stems from recognizing the crisis facing the global economy. The book argues that the dominant economic theory of the neoliberal era needs urgent revision and proposes a path that draws on a tradition of liberal thinkers who went far beyond a perspective solely focused on GDP growth.
РОЛЬ ТРОЙНЫХ ФИКСИРОВАННЫХ КОМБИНАЦИЙ В ТЕРАПИИ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЫ
Authors: А.Ю. Насунова , Н.М. Ненашева
Published: November 2024

У пациентов с бронхиальной астмой (БА), не контролируемой средними или высокими дозами ингаляционных кортикостероидов (ИГКС) в сочетании с длительно действующими β2-агонистами (ДДБА), вариантом поддерживающей терапии является добавление длительно действующего антихолинергического препарата (ДДАХ) либо с помощью дополнительного отдельного ингалятора, либо в виде тройной фиксированной комбинации с использованием одного ингалятора. В настоящее время в России одобрены три тройные фиксированные комбинации ИГКС/ДДБА/ ДДАХ, одна из которых – беклометазона дипропионат/гликопиррония бромид/формотерола фумарат – представлена в виде экстрамелкодисперсного дозированного аэрозольного ингалятора. В статье обсуждаются преимущества данной тройной комбинации в лечении БА, проводится анализ ее эффективности и безопасности на основании данных клинических исследований TRIMARAN и TRIGGER, которые включали взрослых пациентов с БА, не контролируемой на фоне ИГКС/ДДБА, с целью определения решающей роли тройных фиксированных комбинаций в терапии БА.

In patients with uncontrolled asthma by moderate- to high-dose ICS, a maintenance treatment option is the addition of a long-acting anticholinergic drug, either through an additional single inhaler or as a triple fixed-dose therapy using a single inhaler. Currently, three triple fixed combinations of ICS/LABA/LAMA are approved in the Russian Federation, one of which is presented in the form of the single inhaler extrafine triple combination – beclomethasone dipropionate/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate. The article discusses the benefits of the triple combination in the treatment of asthma, analyzing the effectiveness and safety of two clinical trials TRIMARAN and TRIGGER, both of which were conducted in adults with bronchial asthma not controlled by ICS/LABA to determining the decisive role of triple fixed combinations in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ВАКЦИНАЦИЯ ПРОТИВ ВПЧ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ, ВУЛЬВЫ И ВЛАГАЛИЩА ВОПРОСЫ И ОТВЕТЫ
Authors: Н.В. Зароченцева , Л.К. Джиджихия , Ю.Н. Башанкаева
Published: November 2024

Вакцины против вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ) обладают благоприятным профилем эффективности и безопасности. Первая вакцина против ВПЧ была зарегистрирована в 2006 г. По состоянию на 2024 г. вакцины против ВПЧ включены в национальные программы иммунизации более чем в 140 странах. Политика в области вакцинации претерпела изменения; большинство программ, нацеленных на вакцинацию девочек-подростков, теперь все больше охватывают и мальчиков. Эффективность и безопасность вакцин против ВПЧ, выявленные в ходе большого количества клинических исследований, подтверждены данными национальных программ иммунизации, которые привели к внушительному снижению заболеваемости ВПЧ-ассоциированными раком шейки матки, раком вульвы и влагалища среди вакцинированных.

Vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are among the effective and safe and have favorable efficacy and safety profile. The first HPV vaccine was registered in 2006. As of 2024, HPV vaccines have been included in national immunization programs in more than 140 countries. Vaccination policies have changed; most programs aimed at vaccinating adolescent girls are now increasingly reaching boys as well. The efficacy and safety identified in a large number of clinical trials have been confirmed by data from national immunization programs, which have led to an impressive decrease in the incidence of HPV-associated diseases of the cervix, vulva and vagina in vaccinated patients.
Bremen-Verden als deutsche Provinz der schwedischen Krone: Die territorialen Machtverschiebungen in der Elbe-Weser-Region nach dem Westfälischen Frieden und ihre Folgen
Authors: Fiedler Beate-Christine
Published: November 2024

Schweden war seit dem Westfälischen Frieden eine Großmacht mit weiter politischer, militärischer und geistiger Ausstrahlung.
Die territoriale Ausdehnung erstreckte sich auf fast den gesamten Ostseeraum und einen relativ geringen Besitz in Nordwestdeutschland, die Reichsterritorien Bremen und Verden mit Zugang zur Nordsee. Schweden war als neuer Reichsstand und Garantiemacht des Friedens eingebunden in das Reich und versuchte als neuer Akteur auf der politischen Bühne seinen Einfluss in Europa über die erworbenen Territorien und ein dichtes diplomatisches Netzwerk auszudehnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund bewirkte die schwedische Landesherrschaft in Bremen-Verden (1648-1719) wesentliche Veränderungen. Die geistlichen Territorien wurden als säkularisierte Herzogtümer und Reichslehen an Schweden übertragen und gemeinsam von einer Provinzialregierung in der neuen Residenzstadt Stade verwaltet. Die Strukturen in der Provinz Bremen-Verden änderten sich grundlegend. Dies wird im Beitrag ebenso dargelegt wie die Chancen und Risiken dieser territorialen Machtverschiebung für das Reich, Schweden und die Elbe-Weser-Region.

Since the peace treaties of Westphalia were signed, Sweden had been a major power with significant political, military and cultural influence. Its territorial expansion encompassed nearly the entire Baltic region and included a relatively small holding in northwest Germany, namely the imperial territories of Bremen and Verden, which provided access to the North Sea. As a new imperial estate and guarantor of peace, Sweden was integrated into the Holy Roman Empire and sought to expand its influence in Europe through its newly acquired territories and an extensive diplomatic network, establishing itself as a new player on the political stage. Against this backdrop, Swedish rule in Bremen-Verden (1648-1719) led to significant changes. The ecclesiastical territories were handed over to Sweden, transformed into secular duchies and imperial fiefs, jointly governed by a provincial administration based in the new residence city of Stade. The structures in the province of Bremen-Verden underwent fundamental changes. This article outlines these changes as well as the opportunities and risks associated with this territorial power shift for the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden and the Elbe-Weser region.
Die Toten erzählen …: Anthropologisch-historische Rekonstruktion der Wolfenbütteler Oberschicht im 17. /18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Jungklaus Bettina , Wagener-Fimpel Silke
Published: November 2024

Im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen PRO*Niedersachsen-Projekts der historischen und archäologischen Kommissionen wird die städtische Oberschicht der Frühen Neuzeit (17. /18. Jh.) anhand des Friedhofs der Kirche Beatae Mariae Virginis in Wolfenbüttel rekonstruiert.
Zu den bei Ausgrabungen im Jahre 2015 geborgenen etwa 80 Bestatteten (darunter Hofbedienstete, Verwaltungsbeamte, Kaufleute und Bürgermeister mit ihren Familien) können aus archivalischen Quellen individuelle biographische Informationen ermittelt werden, unter anderem zu Wohnverhältnissen, Familienleben, Beziehungen und Netzwerken, Besitz, Ausbildung, Arbeits- und Berufsalltag, Frömmigkeit und Aberglaube sowie sozialer und regionaler Mobilität. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen anthro­pologische und genetische Untersuchungen zahlreiche Aussagen zur biologischen ­Lebensgeschichte der Verstorbenen, beispielsweise zu Ernährung und Krankheiten, aber auch zu den besonderen Belastungen, denen die Bevölkerung während zweier Belagerungen der Stadt im Dreißigjährigen Krieg ausgesetzt war.

As part of a collaborative PRO*Niedersachsen project undertaken by the historical and archaeological commissions, researchers are reconstructing the urban upper class of the Early Modern period (17th and 18th century) using evidence from the cemetery of the Church of Beatae Mariae Virginis in Wolfenbüttel. Excavations in 2015 uncovered ­approximately 80 individuals including court servants, administrative officials, ­merchants and mayors with their families. Archival sources have provided biographical details about these individuals, shedding light on their living conditions, family life, relationships, networks, property, education, work and working life, piety, superstition as well as social and regional mobility. At the same time, anthropological and genetic studies are revealing significant insights into the biological life histories of the deceased, including their diet, diseases and the specific hardships faced by the population during the two sieges of the city in the Thirty Years’ War.
Der Reichshofrat und die Umsetzung des Westfälischen Friedens
Authors: Ortlieb Eva
Published: November 2024

Der Westfälische Frieden von 1648 beendete den Dreißigjährigen Krieg in weiten Teilen Europas.
Offen war zu diesem Zeitpunkt allerdings, ob seine Bestimmungen auch umgesetzt werden würden. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Rolle des Reichshofrats, kaiserlicher Rat und oberstes Reichsgericht, in diesem Zusammenhang. Sie ergab sich daraus, dass der Kaiser Teil der vereinbarten Mechanismen zur Verwirklichung des Friedens war, als Reichsoberhaupt darüber hinaus Ansprechpartner für diejenigen, die auf seiner Grundlage Forderungen erhoben oder sich solchen ausgesetzt sahen. Die Rechts­praxis des Reichshofrats prägten zum einen Anträge auf die Rückgabe von Gütern und Rechten, die während des Kriegs ihren Besitzer gewechselt hatten, zum anderen Bitten um die Regelung kriegsbedingter Verschuldung. In beiden Konstellationen bemühte sich der Reichshofrat, häufig durch den Einsatz kaiserlicher Kommissionen, um Lösungen und stellte damit die Bedeutung des Kaisertums für das Reich unter Beweis.

The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 marked the end of the Thirty Years’ War across much of Europe, but uncertainty remained regarding the full implementation of its provisions. The article explores the role of the Imperial Aulic Council, which functioned both as a political-legal council of the emperor and as one of the two supreme court of the empire, in enforcing the treaties’ terms. The Council’s involvement in this process arose from the emperor’s position as part of the treaties’ enforcement mechanisms on the one hand and as an important point of contact for individuals submitting or disputing claims under the peace treaties on the other. The Aulic Council mainly handled petitions for the restitution of properties and rights lost during the war, as well as requests to settle war-related debts. In addressing these concerns, frequently by employing imperial commissions, the Imperial Aulic Council highlighted the emperor’s central role within the Empire.
Diplomatie als kollektive Praxis: Botschaftssekretäre und diplomatischer Alltag im frühneuzeitlichen Istanbul
Authors: Kühnel Florian
Published: November 2024

Diplomatie war eine kollektive Praxis: Florian Kühnel plädiert für ein neues Verständnis frühneuzeitlicher Außenbeziehungen.

Diplomatie – das sind Verhandlungen zwischen Gesandten, Herrschern und Ministern über Krieg und Frieden, so die gängige Sichtweise. In seinem Buch zeigt Florian Kühnel jedoch, dass Diplomatie in der Frühen Neuzeit weit mehr war als das: Sie war keine individuelle Leistung einzelner »großer Männer«, sondern eine »kollektive Praxis«, an der verschiedene – männliche und weibliche – Akteure teilhatten und die sehr viel mehr umfasste als Verhandlungen allein.
Um ein solches erweitertes Verständnis von Diplomatie in der Anwendung zu erproben, nimmt Kühnel vor allem die englische (bzw. britische), aber auch die venezianische, französische und niederländische Botschaft im frühneuzeitlichen Istanbul in den Blick. In akteurszentrierter und praxeologischer Perspektive bezieht er dabei neben Botschaftern auch deren Bedienstete, Familienmitglieder und Freunde sowie lokal angeworbene Personen wie Übersetzer oder Kalligraphen mit ein. Zudem richtet er den Fokus auf den diplomatischen Alltag, etwa die Administration der Botschaft, die Kommunikation mit dem Sultanshof und den anderen Botschaften oder die Praktiken der Spionage. Die Studie bietet damit nicht nur einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Theorie der Diplomatiegeschichte, sondern auch einen grundlegenden Einblick in die konkrete Praxis interkultureller diplomatischer Beziehungen.
Обращениe преобразования Радона для разрывных функций в неограниченных областях
Authors: Д.С. Аниконов , Д.С. Коновалова
Published: November 2024

Настоящая работа относится к теории интегральной геометрии в евклидовом пространстве. Объектом поиска является информация о подынтегральной функции по некоторому заданному набору интегралов. Подобные постановки востребованы в теории дифференциальных уравнений. Такие исследования содержатся, например, в работах Д.~Радона, Р.~Куранта, Ф.~Йона, И.~М.~Гельфанда. Более позднее использование интегральной геометрии связано с исследованием обратных задач для дифференциальных уравнений. В частности, некоторые постановки обратных задач совпадали с проблемами интегральной геометрии. Это обстоятельство широко использовалось в трудах математической школы М.~М.~Лаврентьева и В.~Г.~Романова. Из смежных областей исследований отметим прежде всего зондирование сред физическими сигналами. Вероятно, в настоящее время наиболее известным направлением является рентгеновская томография для потребностей медицины и техники. Более конкретно, имеется в виду теория классического и обобщенного преобразований Радона. В этой области получены многочисленные результаты для обращения преобразований Радона. Причем часть теорем единственности доказаны для довольно слабых ограничений. Но формулы обращения доказаны только для гладких функций, что несколько снижает их прикладную ценность. Это побудило авторов настоящей работы исследовать именно случаи разрывных подынтегральных функций. Существенным элементом предлагаемого авторского исследования является введение понятия псевдовыпуклых множеств, на которых определены неизвестные разрывные функции. Такие множества оказались, с одной стороны, не обременительными для теории зондирования, а, с другой стороны, удобными для исследований. Пока удалось исследовать только случай нечетномерного евклидова пространства.
Area of Images of Measurable Sets on Depth 2 Carnot Manifolds with Sub-Lorentzian Structure
Authors: M.B. Karmanova
Published: November 2024

The paper is devoted to analysis of metric properties of images of measurable sets in sub-Lorentzian geometry introduced on Carnot manifolds. The current research continues the results obtained earlier for classes of compact sets on Carnot groups. The main difference is that, firstly, the mapping is defined on a measurable set (not necessarily compact), and, secondly, the preimage and image of the mapping do not have a group structure. Also, the definition of sub-Lorentzian analog of Hausdorff measure (which is not a measure in general) is modified: in contrast to earlier research, it does not require ``uniform'' sub-Riemannian differentiability. One of results is the property of quasi-additivity of this sub-Lorentzian analog. The latter enables to derive its parameterization by sub-Riemannian Hausdorff measure. In turn, this property means that the sub-Lorentzian analog of Hausdorff measure has classical properties of measure on certain class of sets. The sub-Lorentzian area formula on Carnot manifold is the main result of the paper. We also demonstrate the main ideas of its proof and show their specificity.
Система двумерных уравнений Монжа - Ампера: редукции и точные решения
Authors: И.В. Рахмелевич
Published: November 2024

Исследована система двух двумерных неоднородных уравнений Монжа~--- Ампера. Такие системы находят применение в задачах гидродинамики несжимаемых двухжидкостных сред. Получены простейшие редукции этой системы к системам обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений (ОДУ) с помощью методов аддитивного разделения переменных в случае, когда правые части системы представлены в виде произведений сомножителей, зависящих от производных искомых функций по каждой переменной, и мультипликативного разделения переменных в случае, когда правые части системы содержат степенные нелинейности по искомым функциям и их производным. Также построены редукции и некоторые точные решения в случаях, когда решение имеет заданную зависимость от одной из переменных. В частности, рассмотрены решения, линейные по одной из переменных в случае, когда правые части системы линейно зависят от искомых функций и их производных. Также рассмотрены решения, экспоненциально зависящие от одной из переменных в случае, когда правые части системы имеют вид квадратичных полиномов от искомых функций и их производных. Показано, что система имеет решения типа классических бегущих волн, если на этих решениях правые части системы тождественно равны 0. Получены решения типа обобщенных бегущих волн и условия их существования в случае, когда правые части системы содержат произведения степенных нелинейностей по искомым функциям и их производным. Также получены условия существования степенных и экспоненциальных автомодельных решений. Приведены примеры точных решений указанных типов для рассматриваемой системы.
GROWTH CHARACTERISATION, PIGMENTS, TOTAL PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CONTENT IN Cryptomonas sp. AND Guinardia sp. ISOLATED FROM COASTAL REGION OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, NAYMA ZANNATUL , MUKTA FARDOUS ARA ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, SULTANA RAZIA ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, KHATOON HELENA ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Published: November 2024

Microalgae reproducers of different pigments and nutritional components with nutritional and medicinal value. Best-performing local microalgae should be isolated as they adapt well to the local environment. Therefore, to select the best-performing local strains to utilise them effectively, Cryptomonas sp. and Guinardia sp. were chosen in this study to determine their growth, pigments, and proximate composition. Growth data were collected using cell and optical densities, then mass cultured in commercial Conway medium and harvested at their early stationary phase. Results showed that the onset of the stationary phase (11-12 days) varied between the species. Cryptomonas sp. showed significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid content than Guinardia sp. The phycobiliprotein (2.38 ± 0.03 mg/g) and lipid (28.5 ± 0.67 % dry weight) content in Guinardia sp. was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) than Cryptomonas sp. On the other hand, Cryptomonas sp. showed significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher protein (23.91 ± 0.39 % dry weight), carbohydrate (18.7 ± 0.79 % dry weight), volumetric productivity, areal productivity, and SGR than Guinardia sp. Current results could contribute to utilising these two species for different purposes, such as aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals industries, as they contain some valuable components.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECO-EFFICIENCY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS OF NORTH ASIA BASED ON IMPACT DECOUPLING
Authors:   Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of sciences, BORISOVNA LUBSANOVA NATALIA
Published: November 2024

In modern conditions, the problem of preserving the natural environment in implementing economic growth is becoming increasingly acute. The need to balance these development vectors determines the relevance of developing methods for assessing the contingency of economic growth and environmental impact. In this paper, we propose a methodology for assessing the eco-efficiency of regional economic development. A systematic approach was developed based on impact decoupling using the Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Calculations were made based on data from 25 Russian regions located in North Asia. The results obtained indicate a high inter-regional differentiation of this indicator. Based on the dynamics of indicators, the regions were grouped in the direction of the ecological and economic development trend.
APPLICATION OF CHOICE EXPERIMENT METHOD IN PROTECTED AREA: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, HASSIN NOR HIZAMI , KAMALUDIN MAHIRAH ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Universiti Putra Malaysia, ABD AZIZ AZLINA ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, MAT ALIPIAH ROSELIZA ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Published: November 2024

Research on the application of the Choice Experiment (CE) method in protected areas has garnered increasing attention as a result of its efficacy in understanding complex socio-economic factors influencing conservation decision-making. However, a comprehensive and thorough analysis of the research landscape in this field has been scarce. This research aims to address the gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis to explore trends, key contributors, and thematic focuses in applying the CE method in protected areas. Using Scopus Analyser and VOSviewer software, data was analysed to answer seven research questions: (1) Research trends in the CE method as per the publication year, (2) type of documents by the subject of research, (3) top ten authors as per the citation by research, (4) map of co-authorship about the CE method application, (5) popular keywords
associated to the research, (6) co-authorship countries’ collaboration, and (7) network mapping based on citation by source type. Results revealed central figures in collaborative networks, key thematic areas, international collaboration patterns, and influential scholarly outlets. The findings highlight interdisciplinary research, an emphasis on collaboration, and advocate methodological advancements to tackle conservation challenges. It offers compelling evidence of the increasing significance and multidisciplinary character of research employing the CE method in protected areas. This study also contributes to a comprehensive understanding of socio-economic aspects in conservation and management, aiding in evidence-based policy-making and fostering sustainable conservation practices globally.
DISTRIBUTION OF HADROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS BIOACCUMULATION IN PERIWINKLE (TYMPANOTONUS FUSCATUS) FROM THE NIGER DELTA COAST, NIGERIA
Authors: DAVIES IBIENEBO CHRIS  , OKECHUKWU KENNETH WOKEH  , MOHAMAD NOR AZRA  , FATHURRAHMAN LANANAN  , MURNI NUR ISLAMIAH KASSIM  , LEE SEONG WEI
Published: November 2024

The study examined the distribution of physicochemical parameters and toxic metals in the Niger Delta Coast, Nigeria. The shellfish (T. fuscatus), water, sediments, and physicochemical data were collected from three sampling stations over a six-month period. The findings revealed considerable variability in levels of heavy metals and physicochemical features between stations. Station 2 had higher temperature and salinity levels but lower total dissolved solids, pH, biological oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen. Station 1 had the highest concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and As in water and sediment samples, while Station 2 consistently had the lowest concentrations. Station 3 had the highest Fe levels while Station 2 had the lowest Zn values in terms of sediment bioaccumulation. The study found no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all metals in water, T. fuscatus and sediment between stations 1 and 2, except for Cu, which showed slight variation (p < 0.05). In fish, Cu showed slight variation (p < 0.05) between stations 1 and 2, and in sediment, Fe and Cu showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between stations 1. For As bioaccumulation, Station 3 had the greatest concentration, measuring 0.00000123 mg/kg, while both Stations 1 and 2 shared the lowest bioaccumulation at 0.00000058 mg/Kg. Station 3 had the highest Fe bioaccumulation, possibly due to local conditions or iron sources. Higher metal bioaccumulation in these areas may lead to potential environmental and health implications due to their susceptibility to metal pollution. The study suggests that constant assessment and remedial measures are needed to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem in the area.