bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La representación de la danza dentro de las escenas de banquete de las tumbas tebanas privadas de la XVIII dinastía egipcia.
Authors: Bueno Guardia Miriam
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo es fruto de una investigación sobre la representación de la danza en las tumbas tebanas privadas del Reino Nuevo (1550-1070 a.C.). En él se pretende poner en contexto la representación de la danza dentro de las conocidas escenas de banquete de la XVIII dinastía (1550-1295 a.C.), así como analizar, mediante el estudio de todas las escenas encontradas, sus características principales y su simbología. Por último, se intentará explicar su posible interpretación, basada en el contexto en el que aparecen, y las convenciones utilizadas para su representación. Por lo tanto, se resaltarán los elementos comunes de estas escenas (ubicación, iconografía…) que son los que nos ayudan a entender su significado e importancia. Se trata de un tema relevante, ya que estas escenas de banquete en las que aparecen bailarinas estaban cargadas de contenido simbólico y estético, y servían de nexo entre el difunto y los visitantes de la tumba. Tenían así, por lo tanto, una gran importancia para el pensamiento religioso egipcio, pues ayudaban a la supervivencia del difunto en el Más Allá.

The present paper is the result of an investigation about the representation of dance within the banquet scenes found in the decoration of the private Theban tombs of the New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.). It aims to put in context the representation of dance within the well-known banquet scenes of the Eighteenth Dynasty (1550-1295 B.C.), as well as analyse, through the study of all the scenes found, its main characteristics and its symbolism. Finally, I will try to explain its possible interpretation, based on the context in which the images appear, and the conventions used for its representation. Therefore, the common elements in these scenes (location, iconography…) will be highlighted as they are the key to understand their meaning and importance. This is a relevant issue, since these banquet scenes in which we can see female dancers were loaded with symbolic and aesthetic content, and would serve as a link between the deceased and the visitors of the tomb. They had, therefore, a great importance for Egyptian religious thought as they helped the survival of the deceased in the Hereafter.
Innovación didáctica en Historia: un estado de la cuestión en torno a cuatro ejes temáticos.
Authors: Luna Delgado Diego
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una panorámica a través de las diferentes perspectivas teóricas desde las que se ha venido abordando la cuestión de la innovación didáctica en la materia de Historia durante los últimos quince años. Para ello se elabora una síntesis descriptiva dividida en cuatro ejes temáticos (herramientas digitales, nuevas metodologías, transformación de la cultura docente y evaluación de la innovación), destacando una serie de conceptos y experiencias empíricas en cada uno de ellos. Entre otras cosas, tal procedimiento revela que la motivación del alumnado es el centro de interés tanto de este campo de investigación como del modelo educativo que hoy se está intentando implementar. Sin embargo, frente al exceso de optimismo y actitudes acríticas detectado respecto a este último, se de ende la necesidad de aumentar la rigurosidad a la hora de comparar discursos innovadores y prácticas educativas.

The aim of this paper is to o er an insight into innovative teaching approaches in History, based on the di erent theoretical perspectives that have been tackled over the last 15 years. In order to achieve this purpose, the paper includes a descriptive summary divided into four central themes (digital tools, new methodologies, transformation of teaching culture and evaluation of innovation), with particular emphasis on a series of concepts and empirical experiences. Among other things, the study reveals that students’ motivation is of the upmost importance not only in this study, but also in the education model which is currently being sought implement. When faced, however, with overoptimism and a lack of criticism of said model, there arises the need for a more rigorous discussion to compare innovative discourses and educational practices.
Generational cycles and changes in time and space
Authors: Kowalski Mariusz
Published: September 2019

The cyclical character of definite processes observed under both Polish and American conditions in fact emerges as of a universal nature, finding its analogies throughout the world, though first and foremost within the European cultural circle. It is also possible to speak of its far reaching synchronicity, encompassing change on both local and global scales. This is witnessed by successive culminations of cycles with the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, the revolutionary surges of the 1830s and 1840s, the events of the 1860s and 1870s, the turbulences and wars of the early 20th century (notably World War I), then World War II, the great transformations of the 1980s, and the recently observed increase in political tension in various parts of the world (e.g. the Middle East, Ukraine, etc.). In the economic sphere the symptoms are shifts in the business climate, which can even be calculated by reference to quantitative indicators. Then, in the sphere of culture, it is possible to denote successive periods in literature and the arts. In the political sphere in turn, events that shape the state or territorial order are to be observed readily. The present article thus seeks to propose the existence of a universal and synchronous 30-40 years long generation cycle, which manifests itself in real symptoms in the world of politics, and for instance in the cyclicity seen to characterise intensity of change on the political map of Europe.
Les pratiques de chasse face à la sensibilité animale. De l’invisibilité à l’éthique de chasse?
Authors: Mounet Coralie , Chanteloup Laine
Published: September 2019

Le monde de la chasse en France est de plus en plus soumis à des injonctions sociétales s’intéressant au bien-être et à la sensibilité animale. Cet article interroge la manière dont les chasseurs contemporains des Alpes françaises composent avec ces évolutions sociétales à l’égard des animaux, et analyse comment ces chasseurs appréhendent la mort et la sensibilité animales au sein de leur pratique. Après avoir montré en quoi l’internalisation des critiques formulées contre la chasse influence à la fois les discours et les pratiques spatiales des chasseurs, cette étude revient sur la manière dont les chasseurs caractérisent et vivent la mise à mort animale. Celle-ci dépend d’une éthique de chasse prenant en compte la souffrance animale. Cette éthique apparait comme évolutive et dépend de l’articulation du triptyque : situation de chasse, espèce / individu animal et territoire de chasse, déterminant notamment le degré d’agentivité reconnu à l’animal traqué. Ainsi se développe un registre varié de relations à l’animal et de statuts qui lui est attribué, depuis l’objectivation de celui-ci jusqu’à sa subjectivation.
La vie sans la mort. Qu’est-ce qu’un élevage au zoo?
Authors: Estebanez Jean
Published: September 2019

Qu’est-ce que la mort au zoo? Cet article propose de documenter empiriquement un cas spécifique dans lequel la mort apparait comme une abstraction, renvoyant à l’extinction des espèces, sa dimension concrète étant euphémisée et invisibilisée. On propose l’hypothèse qu’il existe un discours et une pratique à vocation unificatrice sur la mort au zoo, qui relève d’une forme de biopolitique, dans le cadre de pratiques d’élevage. Ainsi, la fonction première du zoo serait de déconnecter la naissance de la mort, afin de mettre en valeur son rôle social de conservation des espèces, mais également de se décharger des enjeux moraux concernant la mort (qu’est-ce qu’une bonne mort? comment la justifier?). Pour autant, la mort concrète ressurgit constamment pour les travailleurs, les animaux et parfois pour les visiteurs. Elle est prise en charge par des régimes de justifications variables selon les contextes et les hiérarchies de nos attachements. C’est dans le détail de cette confrontation que la complexité du vivant apparait et que le noeud gordien qui unit la mort et la vie est nécessairement retissé.
Le regard du Special Committee on Un-American Activities (commission Dies) sur l’extrême droite américaine entre 1938 et 1944 : les cas du German-American Bund, des Black Shirts Legion, du Ku Klux Klan et du révérend Coughlin*
Authors: Wingender Maxime
Published: September 2019

Le 26 mai 1938, le Congrès américain crée le Special House Committee on Un-American Activities (SCUAA), mieux connu sous le nom de Commission Dies. De 1938 à 1944, le SCUAA a le mandat d’enquêter sur la subversion antiaméricaine d’extrême droite et d’extrême gauche. En nous appuyant sur les rapports du SCUAA, les archives personnelles de Martin Dies et certains journaux de l’époque, notamment, nous proposons d’analyser le regard de cette commission d’enquête sur les mouvements d’extrême droite américains. À cet effet, nous nous pencherons sur quatre cas en particulier, soit ceux du German-American Bund, des Black Shirts Legion italo-américaines, du Ku Klux Klan et du père Charles E. Coughlin. Le texte qui suit tend à démontrer que la perception de la commission Dies à l’égard des organisations extrémistes n’est pas uniforme, ce qui nous incite à avancer que le regard « antiaméricain » à l’endroit de la droite radicale américaine est surtout le fait de l’influence étrangère, soit celle du nazisme et du fascisme.
« This is your president and I’m here to help you » : Lyndon Johnson et les Noirs de La Nouvelle-Orléans à la suite de l’ouragan Betsy de 1965*
Authors: Séguin Gabriel
Published: September 2019

Dans la nuit du 9 au 10 septembre 1965, La Nouvelle-Orléans est dévastée par l’ouragan Betsy. Une inondation soudaine submerge une portion de la ville, en particulier le Lower Ninth Ward, un quartier dense à majorité noire. Dès le soir suivant, le président Lyndon B. Johnson se rend sur place et promet aux Orléanais une réponse rapide et efficace. Toutefois, au fil des semaines, des voix s’élèvent pour dénoncer les obstacles au rétablissement des quartiers noirs. Johnson était-il sérieux dans son engagement de venir en aide à tous les sinistrés, Noirs comme Blancs ? Cette étude tente de répondre à cette question en examinant l’influence du thème de l’équité raciale sur les décisions et les actions de l’administration Johnson après Betsy.
Usage Analysis and Evaluation of Slab Track Constructions
Authors: Gailienė Inesa , Ramūnas Vaidas
Published: September 2019

Slab track is one of the technical possibilities to achieve the following goals: increase the conductivity of a railway, increase the highest permitted train speed, reduce the cost of railway maintenance, and increase the railway lifetime. However, the abundance of slab road constructions that occurred during the development stages presents a challenge to railway operators, designers and researchers, about the selection of a right slab track and establishing requirements to it. The present article analyses the ballastless track constructions that are used in the European Union and other world countries. The market is analysed, and a comparative evaluation of the ballastless track construction is carried out, based on the quality and price, by rating and providing the evaluation of usability and recommendations.
Modelling and Simulation of Crash Tests on Curved Barriers Taking into Account Vehicle Speed Limits
Authors: Klasztorny Marian , Nycz Daniel Bronislaw , Zajac Kamil Pawel
Published: September 2019

The reliable speed of a vehicle, assigned to a given road arc, is not usually taken into account in simulation of crash tests on road safety barriers located on horizontal concave arcs with small radii (20−200 m). In this work, the numerical modelling and simulations of TB11, TB32 crash tests for selected road safety barriers on a horizontal concave arc with a small radius of 150 m, at a reliable and increased speed of a vehicle, were conducted. The authors developed the methodology of numerical modelling and simulation and published in the period 2015−2018. In this study, crash tests include two N2 class steel road barriers with the B-type guide rail, i.e. SP-05/1 (with 1.00 m post spacing) and SP-05/2 (with 2.00 m post spacing). Suzuki Swift and Dodge Neon vehicle models were taken from the National Crash Analysis Center (USA) library and modified, respectively. It was proved that road traffic safety on horizontal concave arcs with small radii is assured if the reliable velocity is not exceeded by drivers. Compacting the post spacing or the uses of a composite-foam protective overlay added to guide rails are not recommended.
A Desaceleração e suas potencialidades criativas no treinamento contemplativo do artista da cena
Authors: Poty Vanja
Published: September 2019

O artigo contempla as especificidades do exercício de Desaceleração como parte das investigações em andamento do Núcleo de Práticas Meditativas no Treinamento do Artista. A vivência organiza-se a partir das influências das práticas da Cia Club Noir, do budismo Shambhala e do Método Abramović. Neste sentido, o ator/performer se aproxima do “estado de trabalho” em seu treinamento por meio do aprimoramento psicofísico e do ambiente na tentativa de recriar a si mesmo.
A Somática e as Artes da Cena: fricções da experiência e sua influência no Ensino Superior e na Cultura Contemporânea – Parte II
Authors: Grebler Maria Albertina Silva , Pizarro Diego
Published: September 2019

Dois são os objetivos que consideramos de igual importância neste segundo número da Revista Repertório sobre as Somáticas. Um deles é a continuidade da divulgação do trabalho dos pesquisadores brasileiros que dialogam com a formação das Artes Cênicas através de textos que dão conta da presença das Somáticas no ensino e na criação artística no ambiente acadêmico. O outro visa o debate que responde aos aspectos críticos que rondam o discurso do campo somático e se relacionam ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa e abordagens metodológicas aplicadas às Artes Cênicas, e que acreditamos se realizam de forma mais enfática nas traduções dos textos das pesquisadoras Jill Green (2015a) e Emma Meehan (2018).
Photocontrollable Deformations of Polymer Particles in Elastic Matrix
Authors: Ryabchun Alexander , Bobrovsky Alexey
Published: September 2019

One of the key challenges of material science currently is the design of multifunctional “smart” materials combining features from both molecular and supramolecular levels. Pursuing the strategy of amplification and transduction of light‐induced motion of small molecules (photoswitches) across increasing length scales to macroscopic level, a novel polymer composite based on shape‐reconfigurable microparticles is designed. The composite represents soft elastic matrix filled with photoactive microparticles of liquid crystal (LC) polymer bearing azobenzene moieties. Illumination of the composite film with polarized light results in a dramatic deformation of the microparticles such that the initially spherical shape becomes elongated along the direction of light polarization. This shape‐shifting of particles is fully reversible and can be achieved by annealing or exposure to nonpolarized light. It is shown that photodeformation of particles is accompanied by photo‐orientation of LC molecules and both processes can be controlled independently. The practical relevance of such materials is pointed out by the possibility to control optical properties (birefringence and light scattering) and optomechanical feedback yielding a new class of photoactuators. Overall, the developed material containing microscopic polymer photoactuators demonstrates an effective way of transducing molecular operation towards macroscopic functionality and can be particularly useful for optics and soft‐robotics.
The Impact of Comprehensive Community Initiatives on Population‐Level Child, Youth, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Emily S. , Flanagan Sean K. , Varga Shannon M. , Zaff Jonathan F. , Margolius Max
Published: September 2019

Comprehensive community initiatives (CCIs) represent a popular method for creating systemic change, yet there is a dearth of evidence on their effectiveness (Zaff, Pufall Jones, Donlan, Lin, & Anderson, 2016). This article presents a systematic review of the evidence on the population‐level impact of CCIs, focusing specifically on documented effects from studies using an experimental or quasi‐experimental design. Of 1,947 articles identified through a database and hand search, 25 articles examining six different CCIs—most of which employed prevention science frameworks—met the review inclusion criteria. The results of this review show that CCIs can strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors, delay initiation of and reduce substance use, and reduce the likelihood of, and delay engagement in, violent and/or delinquent behaviors. Impacts have been documented as soon as one year after initial intervention, and as early as 7th grade, with effects sustained as long as seven years post‐intervention, and as late as a year post‐high school. However, relative to the prevalence of CCIs as a practical intervention, the evidence base is small, potentially dated, and focused on a narrow set of outcomes and populations. Recommendations for interpreting the evidence base are discussed, including methodological limitations and implications for future work.
Synthesis of SCF3‐Containing Benzoxazines and Oxazolines via a Photoredox‐Catalyzed Radical Trifluoromethylthiolation‐Cyclization of Olefinic Amides
Authors: Zhu Mei , Li Rongxia , You Qingqing , Fu Weijun , Guo Weisi
Published: September 2019

A visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclization of olefinic amides using N‐trifluoromethylthiosaccharin as the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent is described. This straightforward method is applicable to a wide variety of olefinic amides and useful SCF3‐containing benzoxazines and oxazolines can be prepared in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Self‐Diffusion Coefficients in Solutions of Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide with Dimethyl Carbonate and Ethylene Carbonate
Authors: Neuhaus Johannes , Bellaire Daniel , Kohns Maximilian , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans
Published: September 2019

Organic solutions of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) are promising electrolytes for Li‐ion batteries. Information on the diffusion coefficients of the species in these solutions is needed for battery design. Therefore, the self‐diffusion coefficients in such solutions were studied experimentally with the pulsed‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The self‐diffusion coefficients of the ions Li+ and FSI− as well as those of the solvents were measured for LiFSI solutions in pure dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate as well as in mixtures of these solvents at 298 K and ambient pressure. Despite the Li+ ion being the smallest species in the solution, its self‐diffusion coefficient is the lowest as a result of its strong coordination with the solvent molecules.
Linking changes in species–trait relationships and ecosystem function using a network analysis of traits
Authors: Siwicka Ewa , Thrush Simon F. , Hewitt Judi E.
Published: September 2019

A major challenge in ecology and environmental management is linking changes in community composition to ecosystem functions. We developed the network analysis of traits (NAT) to show changes in community network structure based on the changes in the composition and connectivity between clusters of species that share traits that imply shifts in functional diversity. We tested the application of NAT on a 113 species found on an intertidal sandflat that was subject to experimental nitrogen addition (control [0 g N/m2], medium [150 g N/m2], and high [600 g N/m2]). This allowed us to directly link mechanistic changes in community composition and function with the trait‐space network patterns revealed by NAT. We demonstrate that under medium (150 g N/m2) N treatment, functional diversity remained consistent, whereas increasing disturbance to high (600 g N/m2) N treatment affected the species–trait network structure and caused merging of functional clusters implying a loss of functional trait diversity.
Development and validation of a haplotype‐free technique for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wei Xianda , Lv Weigang , Tan Hu , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian
Published: September 2019

Objective

To develop a technique for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy and validate its performance.

Study Design

Pregnant women with 1 copy of SMN1 and male fetuses were enrolled. Seventeen women were included in test set A, and 10 of them were selected into test set B randomly and blinded. The two sets were tested independently by two different researchers blinded to fetal genotypes. Fetal DNA fractions were calculated based on the relative proportion of mapped chromosome Y sequencing reads. An algorithm was developed to decide fetal SMN1 copy numbers.

Results

The concordance rate with the results of MLPA testing of amniocyte DNA was 94.12% in test set A and 90% in set B. For all tests with a classifiable result, the percent of agreement with the results of MLPA testing of amniocyte DNA was up to 100% (25/25).

Conclusion

We have developed a direct, rapid, and low‐cost technique, which has a potential to be utilized for first‐trimester non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis and screening for spinal muscular atrophy with considerable reliability and feasibility.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe imaging of embryonic stem cell‐derived alveolar‐like macrophages in rat lungs: proof‐of‐concept study using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Riberdy Vlora , Litvack Michael , Stirrat Elaine , Couch Marcus , Post Martin , Santyr Giles E.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To measure regional changes in hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI signal and apparent transverse relaxation () because of instillation of SPION‐labeled alveolar‐like macrophages (ALMs) in the lungs of rats and compare to histology.

Methods

MRI was performed in 6 healthy mechanically ventilated rats before instillation, as well as 5 min and 1 h after instillation of 4 million SPION‐labeled ALMs into either the left or right lung. maps were calculated from 2D multi‐echo data at each time point and changes in were measured and compared to control rats receiving 4 million unlabeled ALMs. Histology of the ex vivo lungs was used to compare the regional MRI findings with the locations of the SPION‐labeled ALMs.

Results

Regions of signal loss were observed immediately after instillation of unlabeled and SPION‐labeled ALMs and persisted at least 1 h in the case of the SPION‐labeled ALMs. This was reflected in the measurements of . One hour after the instillation of SPION‐labeled ALMs, the decreased to 54.0 ± 7.0% of the baseline, compared to a full recovery to baseline after the instillation of unlabeled ALMs. Histology confirmed the co‐localization of SPION‐labeled ALMs with regions of signal loss and decreases for each rat.

Conclusion

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI can detect the presence of SPION‐labeled ALMs in the airways 1 h after instillation. This approach is promising for targeting and tracking of stem cells for the treatment of lung disease.
Barriers and facilitators of clinical trial enrollment in a network of community‐based pediatric oncology clinics
Authors: Russo Carolyn , Stout Linda , House Toni , Santana Victor M.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Major advances in the field of pediatric oncology have resulted from rigorous, prospective clinical oncology research trials. Optimizing access for all children and adolescents to clinical research trials is an important goal. Barriers to clinical trial enrollment are numerous, involving the health care system, research infrastructure, access to care, providers, and participants. The perspectives of pediatric oncologists may provide insight into the barriers of clinical trial enrollment for this unique population.

Methods and materials

We conducted qualitative structured interviews over two months of pediatric oncologists in a community‐based clinical network as part of a quality improvement project aimed at increasing enrollment rates at St. Jude Affiliate Clinics. We assessed barriers and facilitators to clinical trial opportunities for racial and ethnic minority pediatric participants. In the same fiscal year of the interviews, we tracked clinical trial enrollment by race and ethnicity of the participant over 12 months.

Results

The major barriers to clinical trial enrollment for pediatric cancer minority participants included language discordance, travel difficulties, and complex trial designs. In contrast, the major facilitators included building trust with participants and their parents, and education on the merits of clinical research studies. We did not observe any disparities in clinical trial enrollment among the racial and ethnic minority participants of the clinical trials conducted across our network of pediatric oncology clinics.

Conclusions

Identifying barriers and facilitators may improve clinical trial enrollment for underrepresented participant groups.
Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles Confined in Graphitic Layers/Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Huang Yanping , Liu Weifang , Kan Shuting , Liu Penggao , Liu Hongtao , Liu Kaiyu
Published: September 2019

Development of fuel cells is greatly hindered by their sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Therefore, rational design and cost‐effective fabrication of ORR catalysts with high activity and durability are of paramount importance to the commercialization of fuel cells. In this work, we develop one‐step synthesis of nitrogen‐doped Fe/Fe3C‐encapsulated graphitic layers/carbon nanotubes (Fe/Fe3C@NGL‐NCNT) for ORR. The interpenetration of the two‐dimensional (2D) NGL and the one‐dimensional (1D) NCNT conduces to the construction of three‐dimensional (3D) network structure. Such heterostructure renders Fe/Fe3C@NGL‐NCNT with different catalytically active sites and improved mass transfer. Fuethermore, the inimitable NCNT with winding earthworm‐like structure and a small diameter of below 10 nm provides plentiful active defect sites. Consequently, the synergistic effect of unique 1D/2D/3D heterostructure endows Fe/Fe3C@NGL‐NCNT catalyst with a superior activity and durability compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work provides worthy inspiration for engineering excellent ORR electrocatalysts by integrating 1D/2D/3D materials with different catalytically active conponents into one heterostructure via in situ synthesis.
A Review on Reducing Grain Boundaries and Morphological Improvement of Perovskite Solar Cells from Methodology and Material‐Based Perspectives
Authors: Choi Hyuntae , Choi Kyoungwon , Choi Yelim , Kim Taewan , Lim Seyeong , Park Taiho
Published: September 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved 25.2% of their certified efficiency and emerged as up‐and‐coming energy‐harvesting candidates owing to their superior properties. However, perovskite films are mainly polycrystalline films, and thus, the formation of grain boundaries (GBs) is inevitable. Since GBs have numerous defect sites that provide a channel for ion migration, reducing GBs is highly significant for achieving high efficiency and long‐term stability of PSCs. To this end, researchers have made efforts to produce a large crystal‐based perovskite film with reduced GBs. In this study, various methods that decrease GBs and enhance the morphology of perovskites are summarized and categorized into methodology‐ and material‐based approaches. Furthermore, a future research direction to produce high‐quality and large grain‐based perovskite film is also proposed.
Geochemical evaluation of carbonate aquifers in Ngbo and environs, Ebonyi State, southeastern, Nigeria
Authors: Ifediegwu Ikenna Stanley , Onyeabor Chinenye Florence , Nnamani Chiamaka Miracle
Published: September 2019

The geochemical evaluation of carbonate aquifers in Ngbo and environs has been executed to ascertain the major ion chemistry and quality of waters for domestic and drinking uses. Ten water samples were gathered from pit lakes, hand dug wells, boreholes and rivers. The collected samples were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3− and PO42− in the laboratory using the standard methods. The results were compared with NDWQS and WHO standards. The physical parameters varied from pH (6.2–8.4), temp. (25.0–26.0 °C), electrical conductivity (4.9–102 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (25.5–214.2 mg/l). The analysed results revealed the mean concentration of cations and anions in the following order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ > Fe2+ and HCO3− > CO32− > SO42− > Cl−, respectively. Based on the standard limits, about 90% of the waters in the study area is suitable for domestic and drinking purposes. The Piper trilinear, Stiff and Durov diagrams showed that water samples from various locations fall into mixed CaCO32−+HCO3 type. Various ionic ratio plots show that water sources are from dissolution of minerals in the aquifer media. Geochemical parameters such as Cl−, Na+ and K+ show good interrelationship with positive factor loadings among the ions.
Implementing Common Metrics across the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) consortium
Authors: Daudelin Denise H. , Peterson Laura E. , Welch Lisa C. , Chandler Redonna , Pandey Mridu , Noubary Farzad , Lee Philip L. , Selker Harry P.
Published: September 2019

The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) undertook a Common Metrics Initiative to improve research processes across the national CTSA Consortium. This was implemented by Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the 64 CTSA academic medical centers. Three metrics were collaboratively developed by NCATS staff, CTSA Consortium teams, and outside consultants for Institutional Review Board Review Duration, Careers in Clinical and Translational Research, and Pilot Award Publications and Subsequent Funding. The implementation program included training on the metric operational guidelines, data collection, data reporting system, and performance improvement framework. The implementation team provided small-group coaching and technical assistance. Collaborative learning sessions, driver diagrams, and change packages were used to disseminate best and promising practices. After 14 weeks, 84% of hubs had produced a value for one metric and about half had produced an initial improvement plan. Overall, hubs reported that the implementation activities facilitated their Common Metrics performance improvement process. Experiences implementing the first three metrics can inform future directions of the Common Metrics Initiative and other research groups implementing standardized metrics and performance improvement processes, potentially including other National Institutes of Health institutes and centers.
Adulterated Intermediaries: Peddlers, Pharmacists, and the Patent Medicine Industry in Colonial Korea (1910–1945)
Authors: KIM HOI-EUN
Published: September 2019

In studying the patent medicine industry in colonial Korea (1910–1945), I pay attention to the inordinately large number of peddlers and small retailers—45,688 in 1935—who functioned as human intermediaries in the burgeoning medicinal market. By almost exclusively studying printed advertisements, previous scholars have depicted the patent medicine industry as the vanguard of modern marketing or as a willing partner in the commercial propagation of the hegemonic vision of the colonial biopower. Conscious of the severely limited reach of modern media in the colonial context, I argue instead that incentivized sales intermediaries were equally significant in the success of the patent medicine industry. But the significance and contributions of the peddlers to the patent medicine industry were double-edged—the peddlers helped the industry by facilitating physical dissemination of patent medicine to end consumers, but their constant use of deception and fraud tainted the reputation of the industry. The anticipated move toward stricter regulation, however, did not happen due to two interrelated factors—a nascent group of pharmacists trained in modern pharmacology had strong ties to the patent medicine industry and the lukewarm response from the colonial government put the brakes on any meaningful reform. Overall, by bringing to the fore the pivotal roles peddlers played, my article provides a more nuanced discussion of the marketing practices of the patent medicine industry, the nature of the emerging professional class of pharmacists, and the efficacy (or lack thereof) of the regulatory power of the colonial government.
A SHIFTED CONVOLUTION SUM OF AND THE FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF HECKE–MAASS FORMS II
Authors: TANG HENGCAI
Published: September 2019

Let $d_{3}(n)$ be the divisor function of order three. Let $g$ be a Hecke–Maass form for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}g=(1/4+t^{2})g$. Suppose that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n)$ is the $n$th Hecke eigenvalue of $g$. Using the Voronoi summation formula for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n)$ and the Kuznetsov trace formula, we estimate a shifted convolution sum of $d_{3}(n)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n)$ and show that $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leq x}d_{3}(n)\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{g}(n-1)\ll _{t,\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}x^{8/9+\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}.\end{eqnarray}$$ This corrects and improves the result of the author [‘Shifted convolution sum of $d_{3}$ and the Fourier coefficients of Hecke–Maass forms’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.92 (2015), 195–204].
Randomised trial of chronic supplementation with a nutraceutical mixture in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cerletti Chiara , Colucci Mario , Storto Marianna , Semeraro Fabrizio , Ammollo Concetta T. , Incampo Francesca , Costanzo Simona , De Bartolomeo Giuseppe , Portincasa Piero , Barone Michele , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Semeraro Nicola , Iacoviello Licia , de Gaetano Giovanni
Published: September 2019

A mixture of natural ingredients, namely, DHA, phosphatidylcholine, silymarin, choline, curcumin and d-α-tocopherol, was studied in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Primary endpoints were serum levels of hepatic enzymes, and other parameters of liver function, the metabolic syndrome and inflammation were the secondary endpoints. The coagulation–fibrinolysis balance was also thoroughly investigated, as NAFLD is associated with haemostatic alterations, which might contribute to increased cardiovascular risk of this condition. The present study involved a double-blind, randomised, multicentre controlled trial of two parallel groups. Subjects with NAFLD (18–80 years, either sex) received the active or control treatment for 3 months. All assays were performed on a total of 113 subjects before and at the end of supplementation. The hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased from 23·2 to 3·7 % after treatment, only the AST levels reaching statistical significance. However, no differences were found between control and active groups. Metabolic and inflammatory variables were unchanged, except for a slight (less than 10 %) increase in cholesterol and glucose levels after the active treatment. Coagulation–fibrinolytic parameters were unaffected by either treatment. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with the mixture of dietary compounds was well tolerated and apparently safe in NAFLD subjects. The trial failed to demonstrate any efficacy on relevant physiopathological markers, but its protocol and results may be useful to design future studies with natural compounds.
Wildlife Insights: A Platform to Maximize the Potential of Camera Trap and Other Passive Sensor Wildlife Data for the Planet
Authors: Ahumada Jorge A , Fegraus Eric , Birch Tanya , Flores Nicole , Kays Roland , O’Brien Timothy G , Palmer Jonathan , Schuttler Stephanie , Zhao Jennifer Y , Jetz Walter , Kinnaird Margaret , Kulkarni Sayali , Lyet Arnaud , Thau David , Duong Michelle , Oliver Ruth , Dancer Anthony
Published: September 2019

Wildlife is an essential component of all ecosystems. Most places in the globe do not have local, timely information on which species are present or how their populations are changing. With the arrival of new technologies, camera traps have become a popular way to collect wildlife data. However, data collection has increased at a much faster rate than the development of tools to manage, process and analyse these data. Without these tools, wildlife managers and other stakeholders have little information to effectively manage, understand and monitor wildlife populations. We identify four barriers that are hindering the widespread use of camera trap data for conservation. We propose specific solutions to remove these barriers integrated in a modern technology platform called Wildlife Insights. We present an architecture for this platform and describe its main components. We recognize and discuss the potential risks of publishing shared biodiversity data and a framework to mitigate those risks. Finally, we discuss a strategy to ensure platforms like Wildlife Insights are sustainable and have an enduring impact on the conservation of wildlife.
The effects of dietary fatty acids in the physiological outcomes of maternal high-fat diet on offspring energy homeostasis in mice
Authors: Mamounis Kyle J. , Shvedov Naomi R. , Margolies Nicholas , Yasrebi Ali , Roepke Troy A.
Published: September 2019

The early-life origins of disease hypothesis has been applied to obesity research and modeled through overnutrition, usually with a high-fat diet (HFD). Since the obesity epidemic coincided with societal change in dietary fat consumption, rather than amount, manipulation of fatty acid (FA) profile is an under-investigated area of study. Additionally, the binding of FAs to nuclear receptors may have persistent intergenerational, extranutritive endocrinological effects that interact with the actions of reproductive steroids causing sex-dependent effects. To determine the role of FA type in the effects underlying maternal HFD, we fed wild-type C57BL6/J mating pairs, from preconception through lactation, a HFD with high saturated fat levels from coconut oil or high linoleic acid (LA) levels from vegetable oil. Male and female offspring body weight and food intake were measured weekly for 25 weeks. Assays for glucose metabolism, body composition, and calorimetry were performed at 25 weeks. Plasma metabolic peptides and liver mRNA were measured terminally. Obesity was primarily affected by adult rather than maternal diet in males, yet in females, maternal HFD potentiated the effects of adult HFD. Maternal HFD high in LA impaired glucose disposal in males weaned onto HFD and insulin sensitivity of females. Plasma leptin correlated with adiposity, but insulin and insulin receptor expression in the liver were altered by maternal LA in males. Our results suggest that maternal FA profile is most influential on offspring glucose metabolism and that adult diet is more important than maternal diet for obesity and other parameters of metabolic syndrome.
The Italian Twin Registry: An Update at 18 Years From Its Inception
Authors: Medda Emanuela , Toccaceli Virgilia , Fagnani Corrado , Nisticò Lorenza , Brescianini Sonia , Salemi Miriam , Ferri Maurizio , D’Ippolito Cristina , Alviti Sabrina , Arnofi Antonio , Stazi Maria Antonietta
Published: September 2019

The Italian Twin Registry (ITR), established in 2001, is a population-based registry of voluntary twins. To date, it consists of approximately 29,000 twins who gave their consent to participate in the studies proposed by the ITR research group. The database comprises 11,500 monozygotic and 16,700 dizygotic twins resident throughout the country and belonging to a wide age range (from 0 to 95 years, mean 36.8 years). This article provides an overview of the recruitment strategies along with the major phenotypes investigated during an 18 years’ research period. Over the years, several self-reported questionnaire data were collected, together with saliva/blood samples and measurements taken during in-person interviews or outpatient clinical examinations. Mental and behavioral phenotypes as well as atherosclerotic traits were studied in depth across different age groups. A birth cohort of twins was established and followed up. Novel research hypotheses are also being tested in ongoing projects. The ITR is involved in international studies in collaboration with other twin registries and represents a valuable resource for national and international research initiatives regarding a broad spectrum of health-related characteristics.
Did Bacterial Enzymes Cap the Oxygen in Early Earth’s Atmosphere?
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: September 2019

A new theory suggests that nitrogenase from cyanobacteria could be the reason oxygen levels remained low after the Great Oxidation Event.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote healing via TNF-α-stimulated gene-6 in inflammatory bowel disease models
Authors: Yang Hongsheng , Feng Rui , Fu Qingling , Xu Shu , Hao Xiuxue , Qiu Yun , Feng Ting , Zeng Zhirong , Chen Minhu , Zhang Shenghong
Published: September 2019

Therapeutic applications of tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hindered by their limited expansion ability and variation across donors. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs show greater expandability and therefore offer potential for use in tissue repair therapies. Here we explored the regenerative effects of iPSC-MSCs and the mechanisms by which iPSC-MSCs promote mucosal healing via tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Human iPSCs were induced to differentiate into MSCs following a clinically compliant protocol. The iPSC-MSC treatment promoted mucosal healing in colitic mice, accompanied by increased epithelial cell proliferation, CD44-positive cells, and Lgr5-positive cells. TSG-6 knockdown in iPSC-MSCs or blocking of hyaluronan–CD44 interactions by PEP-1 abrogated the therapeutic effects of iPSC-MSCs, whereas use of recombinant TSG-6 showed therapeutic effects similar to those of iPSC-MSCs. A mouse or patient-derived organoid culture system was developed. Organoids co-cultured with iPSC-MSCs showed increased epithelial cell proliferation, CD44-positive cells, and Lgr5-positive cells, which was abolished by TSG-6 knockdown. TSG-6-induced promoting effects in organoids were dependent on Akt activation and abrogated by the anti-CD44 antibody or MK2206. In conclusion, iPSC-MSCs promoted epithelial cell proliferation to accelerate mucosal healing in a murine colitis model via TSG-6 through hyaluronan–CD44 interactions in an Akt-dependent manner, demonstrating a patient-specific “off-the-shelf” format for IBD treatment.
High-fat diet feeding and palmitic acid increase CRC growth in β2AR-dependent manner
Authors: Fatima Sarwat , Hu Xianjing , Huang Chunhua , Zhang Weixiong , Cai Jing , Huang Min , Gong Rui-Hong , Chen Minting , Ho Alan H. M. , Su Tao , Wong Hoi Leong Xavier , Bian Zhaoxiang , Kwan Hiu Yee
Published: September 2019

Epidemiology studies indicate that consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) is directly associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the exact component in HFD and the mechanism underlying its effect on CRC growth remained unclear. Our study shows that HFD feeding increases β2AR expression in the xenograft tissues of CRC-bearing mouse model; the elevated β2AR expression is reduced when HFD is replaced by control diet, which strongly suggests an association between HFD feeding and β2AR expression in CRC. HFD feeding increases palmitic acid and stearic acid levels in CRC; however, only palmitic acid increases β2AR expression, which is dependent upon Sp1. β2AR plays the dominant role in promoting CRC cell proliferation among all the β-AR subtypes. More importantly, knockout of β2AR or knockdown of Sp1 abolishes the palmitic acid increased CRC cell proliferation, suggesting palmitic acid increases CRC cell proliferation in β2AR-dependent manner. HFD or palmitic acid-rich diet (PAD) also fails to increase the tumor growth in xenograft mouse models bearing β2AR-knockout CRC cells. β2AR promotes CRC growth by increasing the phosphorylation of HSL at the residue S552. The phosphorylated and activated HSL (S552) changes the metabolic phenotype of CRC and increases energy production, which promotes CRC growth. Our study has revealed the unique tumorigenic properties of palmitic acid in promoting CRC growth, and have delineated the underlying mechanism of action. We are also the first to report the linkage between HFD feeding and β-adrenergic signaling pathway in relation to CRC growth.
Genome-wide association study overcomes the genome complexity in autohexaploid chrysanthemum and tags SNP markers onto the flower color genes
Authors: Sumitomo Katsuhiko , Shirasawa Kenta , Isobe Sachiko , Hirakawa Hideki , Hisamatsu Tamotsu , Nakano Yoshihiro , Yagi Masafumi , Ohmiya Akemi
Published: September 2019

The use of DNA markers has revolutionized selection in crop breeding by linkage mapping and QTL analysis, but major problems still remain for polyploid species where marker-assisted selection lags behind the situation in diploids because of its high genome complexity. To overcome the complex genetic mode in the polyploids, we investigated the development of a strategy of genome-wide association study (GWAS) using single-dose SNPs, which simplify the segregation patterns associated polyploids, with respect to the development of DNA markers. In addition, we employed biparental populations for the GWAS, wherein the SNP allele frequency could be predicted. The research investigated whether the method could be used to effectively develop DNA markers for petal color in autohexaploid chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium; 2n = 6x = 54). The causal gene for this trait is already-knownCmCCD4aencoding a dioxygenase which cleaves carotenoids in petals. We selected 9,219 single-dose SNPs, out of total 52,489 SNPs identified by dd-RAD-Seq, showing simplex (1 × 0) and double-simplex (1 × 1) inheritance pattern according to alternative allele frequency with respect to the SNP loci in the F1population. GWAS, using these single-dose SNPs, discovered highly reproducible SNP markers tightly linked to the causal genes. This is the first report of a straightforward GWAS-based marker developing system for use in autohexaploid species.
Metal nanoparticles as effective promotors for Maize production
Authors: Hoang Son A. , Nguyen Liem Q. , Nguyen Nhung H. , Tran Chi Q. , Nguyen Dong V. , Le Nga T. , Ha Chien V. , Vu Quy N. , Phan Chi M.
Published: September 2019

Zero-valent metal nanoparticles (Cu, Fe and Co) were prepared by the reactive method from their oxide with hydrogen. The energy-rich solutions of metal nanoparticles were used for treatment Maize seeds prior to sowing. The treatment significantly improved the germination rate and early growth. Furthermore, both SOD and APX enzyme activity in leaves were improved, and enhanced the metabolism of superoxide, leading to increased drought resistance. The method was applied to the field over three seasons and greatly improved the harvest. In particular, the implementation of Cu particles at 4 mg/kg increased the productivity of the two Maize species more than 20%.
Purity-Based Continuity Bounds for von Neumann Entropy
Authors: ur Rehman Junaid , Shin Hyundong
Published: September 2019

We propose continuity bounds for the von Neumann entropy of qubits whose difference in purity is bounded. Considering the purity difference of two qubits to capture the notion of distance between them results into bounds which are demonstrably tighter than the trace distance-based existing continuity bounds of quantum states. Continuity bounds can be utilized in bounding the information-theoretic quantities which are generally difficult to compute.