bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CdS/Ag2S/g-C3N4 ternary composites with superior photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation
Authors: Zhao Shan , Wu Junbiao , Xu Yan , Zhang Xia , Han Yide , Xing Hongzhu
Published: February 2021

CdS/Ag2S/g-C3N4 ternary composites showed excellent photocatalytic performance toward H2 evolution. Their improved photocatalytic activity could be attributed not only to the synergic effect, but also to the introduction of Ag2S.
Efficacy of ginseng and its ingredients as adjuvants to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhu He , Liu Hui , Zhu Jin-Hao , Wang Si-Yu , Zhou Shan-Shan , Kong Ming , Mao Qian , Long Fang , Fang Zhi-Jun , Li Song-Lin
Published: February 2021

Ginseng and its ingredients benefit the curative effects and alleviate the adverse reactions of chemotherapy during non-small cell lung cancer treatment.
Microwave-assisted preparation of a molecularly imprinted monolith combining an imidazolium ionic liquid and POSS for enhanced extraction of baicalin-like compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis by means of in-capillary SPME followed by on-line LC and off-line LC-MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Gao Le , Niu Liying , Bi Xiaodong
Published: February 2021

An imidazolium-type ionic liquid and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane were combined to produce an imprinted monolith in capillary endowed with wide selectivity to enrich baicalin and its analogues for analysis by multidimensional LC systems.
Built-in electric field for photocatalytic overall water splitting through a TiO2/BiOBr P–N heterojunction
Authors: Chi Qianqian , Zhu Genping , Jia Dongmei , Ye Wei , Wang Yikang , Wang Jun , Tao Ting , Xu Fuchun , Jia Gan , Li Wenhao , Gao Peng
Published: February 2021

A p–n heterojunction of TiO2/BiOBr with a strong built-in electric field has been constructed to simultaneously obtain hydrogen and oxygen through a photocatalytic water splitting.
Reversible switching in bicontinuous structure for phase change random access memory application
Authors: Cheng Yan , Zheng Yonghui , Song Zhitang
Published: February 2021

A 3D nano-bicontinuous structure consisting of a reversible Sb2Te3 phase and amorphous Si phase is visualized. The amorphous Si frame is stable and the Sb2Te3 nano areas switch between the a- and f-structure.
A powerful azomethine ylide route mediated by TiO2 photocatalysis for the preparation of polysubstituted imidazolidines
Authors: Liu Anan , Ma Dongge , Qian Yuhang , Li Jundan , Zhai Shan , Wang Yi , Chen Chuncheng
Published: February 2021

TiO2 photocatalysis strategy can mediate 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between unstablized azomethine ylide and imine to synthesize N-heterocylic imidazolidines.
Identification of organophosphorus simulants for the development of next-generation detection technologies
Authors: Ellaby Rebecca J. , Clark Ewan R. , Allen Nyasha , Taylor Faith R. , Ng Kendrick K. L. , Dimitrovski Milan , Chu Dominique F. , Mulvihill Daniel P. , Hiscock Jennifer R.
Published: February 2021

Using low-level computational modelling to predict solution state association constants and binding modes for the identification of appropriate CWA simulants.
Helical polymer self-assembly and chiral nanostructure formation
Authors: Scanga Randall A. , Reuther James F.
Published: February 2021

This review surveys recent progress towards robust chiral nanostructure fabrication techniques using synthetic helical polymers, the unique inferred properties that these materials possess, and their intricate connection to natural, biological chirality.
Synthesis and self-assembly of photo-responsive polypeptoid-based copolymers containing azobenzene side chains
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Huang Jie , Zhang Jun , Zhu Xinyuan , Tong Gangsheng
Published: February 2021

Photo-responsive polypeptoid-based copolymers containing azobenzene side chains have been well synthesized and they could self-assemble into tunable nanostructures with reversible light-switched behaviors.
Recent progress in the synthesis of the furanosteroid family of natural products
Authors: Senapati Bidyut Kumar
Published: February 2021

This review focuses on an overview of recent advances in the synthesis of furanosteroids and illustrates their applications in medicinal chemistry over the period of 2005–present.
Shear-induced glass-to-crystal transition in anisotropic clay-like suspensions
Authors: Labalette Vincent , Praga Alexis , Girard Florent , Meireles Martine , Hallez Yannick , Morris Jeffrey F.
Published: February 2021

A new numerical framework based on Stokesian dynamics is used to study a shear-induced glass-to-crystal transition in suspensions of clay-like anisotropically charged platelets.
Hierarchical structure in poly(N-vinyl carbazole)/Fe3O4 nanocomposites and the relevant magnetic coercivity
Authors: Chen Meng Z. , Chu Che Y. , Mansel Bradley W. , Chang Po C.
Published: February 2021

This work has systematically established the relationship between the nanoparticle dispersion morphology and the relevant magnetic property in poly(N-vinyl carbazole)/Fe3O4 nanocomposites.
An electrochemical sensor for detecting selenium in biological fluids on an arenediazonium tosylate-modified metal electrode
Authors: Slepchenko Galina B. , Moiseeva Evgeniya S. , Dorozhko Elena V. , Ostapenko Mariya S. , Mezentseva Olga L. , Auelbekova Arailym , N'jung Fam Kam
Published: February 2021

This article presents the results on using a new electrochemical sensor modified with arenediazonium salts (MGE–Cu–COOH) to determine selenium in biological fluids (blood serum).
Metal-responsive reversible binding of triplex-forming oligonucleotides with 5-hydroxyuracil nucleobases
Authors: Nishiyama Kotaro , Mori Keita , Takezawa Yusuke , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: February 2021

Metal-responsive triplex-forming oligonucleotides have been developed by incorporating 5-hydroxyuracil nucleobases having a metal ligand as well as a thymine-like scaffold.
Hydrogen adsorption on inorganic benzenes decorated with alkali metal cations: theoretical study
Authors: Petrushenko Igor K. , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: February 2021

The application of inorganic benzenes as parts of hydrogen storage systems is explored.
Insights into the electronic and redox behavior of surface-phosphated ceria catalysts in correlation with their propane oxydehydrogenation performance
Authors: Popescu Ionel , Marcu Ioan-Cezar
Published: February 2021

The addition of P to CeO2 gives surface-phosphated materials showing mainly an electronic conductivity, a reduced lattice oxygen mobility and less active but more selective catalytic sites in propane oxydehydrogenation.
Polarization-enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of BaTiO3/BaTiO3−x/CdS heterostructure nanocubes
Authors: Zhu Mingjun , Zhang Ganghua , Zhai Lianna , Cao Jianwu , Li ShaSha , Zeng Tao
Published: February 2021

Polarization-enhanced photoelectrochemical performance has been achieved in novel core–shell-structured crystalline-BaTiO3/amorphous-BaTiO3−x/crystalline-CdS composite nanocubes prepared by a facile two-step synthesis approach.
A water stable Eu(iii)–organic framework as a recyclable multi-responsive luminescent sensor for efficient detection of p-aminophenol in simulated urine, and MnVII and CrVI anions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhao Jiao-Jiao , Liu Peng-Yu , Song Li-Jun , Zhang Lei , Liu Zhi-Liang , Wang Yan-Qin
Published: February 2021

A stable Eu-MOF acts as a recyclable and multi-responsive luminescent sensor for efficient detection of the biomarker p-aminophenol in simulated urine, and MnVII and CrVI anions in aqueous solution with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Polar derivatives of [closo-1-CB9H10]−and [closo-1-CB11H12]−anions as high Δεadditives to a nematic host: a comparison of the CH2CH2and COO linking groups
Authors: Jakubowski Rafał , Pecyna Jacek , Ali Muhammad O. , Pietrzak Anna , Friedli Andrienne C. , Kaszyński Piotr
Published: February 2021

Liquid crystalline pyridinium zwitterions of [closo-1-CB9H10]−perform better as polar potential components of LCD materials than the sulfonium or [closo-1-CB11H12]−analogs on the basis of solubility and Maier–Meier analysis.
Naphthalimide-decorated imino-phenol: supramolecular gelation and selective sensing of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions under different experimental conditions
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Baildya Nabajyoti , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Ghosh Kumaresh
Published: February 2021

Compound 1 forms gels in DMF–H2O (1 : 1, v/v) and DMSO–H2O (1 : 1, v/v). While it was insensitive to any metal ion in DMF–H2O, the gel state was responsive to Fe3+ over the other metal ions studied. In CH3CN or aqueous CH3CN compound 1 senses Cu2+ ion.
Synthesis, and the optical and electrochemical properties of a series of push–pull dyes based on the 4-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-4-phenylbuta-1,3-dienyl donor
Authors: Pigot Corentin , Noirbent Guillaume , Bui Thanh-Tuân , Péralta Sébastien , Duval Sylvain , Gigmes Didier , Nechab Malek , Dumur Frédéric
Published: February 2021

A series of twelve dyes based on the 4-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-4-phenylbuta-1,3-dienyl donor were prepared with electron acceptors varying in their structures but also in their electron-withdrawing ability.
Fine manipulation of terahertz wavesviaall-silicon metasurfaces with an independent amplitude and phase
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Wang Guocui , Wang Silei , Li Jitao , Zhao Hongliang , Zang Huaping , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yating , Yao Jianquan
Published: February 2021

All-silicon metasurfaces are proposed to achieve multifunctional designs and simultaneous modulation of amplitude and phase profiles. This approach for generating an editable amplitude and phase may pave a way to design ultra-thin photonic devices.
Asymmetric synthesis of organophosphorus compounds using H–P reagents derived from chiral alcohols
Authors: Gbubele Joseph D. , Olszewski Tomasz K.
Published: February 2021

Overview of recent advances in transformations employing optically pure H–P reagents derived from chiral alcohols such as TADDOL, BINOL and menthol in the asymmetric synthesis ofC- andP-stereogenic organophosphorus compounds is presented.
Transition metal dichalcogenide-decorated MXenes: promising hybrid electrodes for energy storage and conversion applications
Authors: Hemanth N. R. , Kim Taekyung , Kim Byeongyoon , Jadhav Arvind H. , Lee Kwangyeol , Chaudhari Nitin K.
Published: February 2021

TMD-decorated MXene hybrids have emerged as alternatives for energy storage and conversion applications. Herein, recent progress, role of the unique junctions of TMD–MXene hybrids and their challenges for further improvement has been reviewed.
A renewable future: a comprehensive perspective from materials to systems for next-generation batteries
Authors: Song Gyujin , Bin Son Hye , Han Dong-Yeob , Je Minjun , Nam Seoha , Park Soojin
Published: February 2021

Lithium-based batteries are as promising energy storage systems. With the demands such as large-scale system and high-energy-density for the electrification, all components in the battery have been recently developed.
Design and characteristic analysis of a six‐phase direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous motor with 60° phase‐belt toroidal winding configuration for electric vehicle
Authors: Wei Yanqi , Si Jikai , Cheng Zhiping , Xu Shuai , Dong Lianghui , Liang Jing
Published: February 2021

The six‐phase direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (DDPMSM) has a good prospect in electric vehicles, ship propulsion, aerospace and other fields due to the advantages of low voltage, high power, low speed and high torque. In this study, a six‐phase DDPMSM is proposed with 60° phase‐belt toroidal winding configuration (60°‐TW). Different from traditional overlapping windings, each coil of 60°‐TW is wound onto the stator yoke in the same direction. The topology of the proposed motor is introduced, and its operation principle is analysed by describing the variation of the magnetic field produced by the six‐phase 60°‐TW versus time. Meanwhile, based on the same power grade and effective volume, the six‐phase PMSM and dual‐three phase PMSM with different winding arrangements are designed. The magnetic field distribution, back‐EMF, cogging torque, torque and loss characteristics are explored in detail. The results show that the proposed six‐phase DDPMSM with 60°‐TW has the characteristics of low speed and high torque in comparison to the traditional six‐phase PMSM and dual‐three phase PMSM, which is expected for direct‐drive systems.
Deep feature learning for gender classification with covered/camouflaged faces
Authors: Alghaili Mohammed , Li Zhiyong , Ali Hamdi A.R.
Published: February 2021

The great attention to gender classification is increasing recently as genders carry rich information related to male and female social activities. Extracting discriminating visual representations for gender classification is challenging especially with covered or camouflaged faces. In this work, the authors propose a network that uses a combination of inceptions with variational feature learning (VFL) loss function. The proposed network recognises the gender of normal or covered/camouflaged faces through the middle face part. This network trained on the middle part of the faces that contain both eyes with a small margin from the top‐left corner to the bottom‐right corner of the area of the eyes. Experimental results showed that the proposed network achieved state‐of‐art performance on five public data sets: FEI, SCIEN, AR FACES, LFW, and ADIENCE. They also evaluated the authors’ network on another new collected data set for covered and camouflaged faces and obtained encouraging outcomes.
Loss study and reliability analysis of a new reconfigurable fault‐tolerant multilevel inverter topology
Authors: Saketi Sai Krishna , Chaturvedi Pradyumn , Yadeo Dharmendra , Atkar Dipesh
Published: February 2021

A high reliable inverter with photovoltaic systems improves the efficiency and longevity of the entire system. Recent research emphasises on developing new fault‐tolerant multilevel inverter (FTMLI) topologies. However, these topologies are not able to maintain rated voltage and power with a minimum switch count under switch fault conditions. This study proposes a new multilevel inverter with a reduced device count, which can handle both single switch fault and multi‐switch fault by preserving its rated voltage and power. Sine‐carrier‐based level‐shifted pulse‐width modulation is used to generate control signals. The carriers are reconfigured based on the type and location of the fault. The loss contribution of each switch is calculated in all modes of operation by considering variations in junction temperature using a Powersim (PSIM) thermal model tool. This study helps to choose an appropriate heat sink for the switches. The reliability density function is calculated using a Markov chain model. A comparative study is presented to assess the notable benefits of the proposed topology over other existing similar topologies. The experimental results from the laboratory prototype are provided to verify the efficacy and practicality of the proposed FTMLI configuration.
The active region source of a type III radio storm observed by Parker Solar Probe during encounter 2
Authors: Harra L. , Brooks D. H. , Bale S. D. , Mandrini C. H. , Barczynski K. , Sharma R. , Badman S. T. , Vargas Domínguez S. , Pulupa M.
Published: February 2021

Context. We investigated the source of a type III radio burst storm during encounter 2 of NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission.

Aims. It was observed that in encounter 2 of NASA’s PSP mission there was a large amount of radio activity and, in particular, a noise storm of frequent, small type III bursts from 31 March to 6 April 2019. Our aim is to investigate the source of these small and frequent bursts.

Methods. In order to do this, we analysed data from the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer, PSP FIELDS, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We studied the behaviour of active region 12737, whose emergence and evolution coincides with the timing of the radio noise storm and determined the possible origins of the electron beams within the active region. To do this, we probed the dynamics, Doppler velocity, non-thermal velocity, FIP bias, and densities, and carried out magnetic modelling.

Results. We demonstrate that although the active region on the disc produces no significant flares, its evolution indicates it is a source of the electron beams causing the radio storm. They most likely originate from the area at the edge of the active region that shows strong blue-shifted plasma. We demonstrate that as the active region grows and expands, the area of the blue-shifted region at the edge increases, which is also consistent with the increasing area where large-scale or expanding magnetic field lines from our modelling are anchored. This expansion is most significant between 1 and 4 April 2019, coinciding with the onset of the type III storm and the decrease of the individual burst’s peak frequency, indicating that the height at which the peak radiation is emitted increases as the active region evolves.
Répartition spatio-temporelle des températures dans l’agglomération de Kairouan (Tunisie) pendant la saison chaude 2019
Authors: Chebli M. , Charfi S. , Dahech S.
Published: February 2021

L’effet de site et la nature du substrat modifient la température de l’air dans l’agglomération de Kairouan par rapport à son environnement rural, donnant naissance à un îlot de chaleur urbain (ICU) d’une intensité moyenne d’environ 4°C. Cette étude visant à cerner la variation spatio-temporelle des températures pendant la période estivale est menée à l’aide de mesures fixes et itinérantes. L’étude montre que l’intensité de l’ICU varie de 2 à 9°C en fonction des types de temps. Les zones agricoles et vallonnées au nord-ouest de l’agglomération sont les moins chaudes. Ce travail montre des différences entre la variation spatiotemporelle de l’ICU et celle du confort thermique : dans le centre-ville, l’air sec fait baisser les températures ressenties.
Optimal selection of pumps as turbines for maximizing electrical energy production
Authors: Manservigi Lucrezia , Venturini Mauro , Losi Enzo
Published: February 2021

A Pump as Turbine (PAT) is a renewable energy technology that can be a cost-effective and reliable alternative to hydraulic turbines in micro and small hydropower plants. In order to further favour PAT exploitation, a general procedure that allows the identification of the most suitable turbomachine to install is required. To this purpose, this paper develops a novel methodology aimed at selecting the best PAT that, among several alternatives, maximizes energy production. The methodology comprises two steps, which only require the knowledge of the best efficiency point of the considered pump and the hydraulic parameters of the site. The novel methodology is validated in this paper by calculating the electrical energy production of a simulated water distribution network coupled with several PATs, whose performance curves, both in direct and reverse modes, are taken from the literature. For the sake of generality, the considered turbomachines account for different geometrical characteristics, rotational speeds and operating ranges.
Oxy-steam co-gasification of sewage sludge and woody biomass for bio-methane production: an experimental and numerical approach
Authors: Gabbrielli Roberto , Frigo Stefano , Bressan Luigi
Published: February 2021

Sewage sludge management is a current problem of extreme concern in Europe. Till now, the most frequent route for sludge management has been incineration or the reuse by shedding on agricultural land both directly or after composting. However, this last method is critically reconsidered lately owing to the increasing contamination of sewage sludge by chemicals, heavy metals, residual organic oils, etc..

In the present study, the performance of a steam-oxy gasification plant has been analyzed. The plant allows the thermo-chemical conversion of sewage sludge, together with woody biomass, into a gas mixture (syngas) composed by basic chemicals (synthetic hydrocarbons), suitable for subsequent industrial production of very high added-value products such as methane.

In particular, a numerical model of methanation plant, composed by a downdraft gasifier, a syngas cleaning system and a Sabatier reactor, has been created within the commercial code Aspen-One and validated with the results obtained from a real scale air gasifier fed with sewage sludge and woody biomass.

First results showed that the steam-oxy co-gasification process has a high energy conversion efficiency that reaches roughly 80% (i.e. produced syngas calorific value vs the dried feedstock calorific value) with an overall methane yield of about 20% (by mass) of the feedstock utilized.
Robust control of a cogeneration plant supplying a district heating system to enable grid flexibility
Authors: De Lorenzi Andrea , Gambarotta Agostino , Morini Mirko , Saletti Costanza
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the flexibility of energy systems has become essential due to the growing penetration of renewable energy sources. The producers and consumers can enhance this flexibility by enabling a given amount of power that they can produce or consume in every condition. This is made available to the grid operator to globally optimize the dispatch management and to stabilize the grid. However, this can interfere with the operation of production units such as cogeneration plants, which also have to meet thermal demand. Therefore, producers and consumers require smart controllers to comply with grid operator requests at any time. This paper proposes a robust control strategy based on Model Predictive Control, which manages distribution networks and production plants by considering the uncertainty of the requirements for flexibility from the grid operator. The simulation case study is the district heating network of a school complex supplied by a Combined Heat and Power plant and a Thermal Energy Storage tank. The robustness of the proposed optimization is investigated by simulating several scenarios with different degrees of uncertainty about the request for electricity from the grid operator. The results show that the plant operator is able to comply with the electricity requirements to different extents depending on the degree of uncertainty and on system design choices. These considerations make it possible to improve the plant design and production planning from the perspective of grid flexibility.
An optimization model for the provision of flexibility and dispatching resources by multi-vector smart energy districts
Authors: Bovera Filippo , Gabba Marco , Zatti Matteo
Published: February 2021

The Clean Energy Package expects a fundamental contribute for the decarbonisation of European energy system from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), pushing Member States to favour the diffusion of energy production plants for individual and collective self-consumption. At the same time, DERs are required to contribute to system security mainly providing dispatching resources. The model developed includes the possibility to provide real-time balancing flexibility in a generic architecture where different energy vectors can be integrated through energy production, consumption and storage facilities. The optimization problem is built over a weekly time horizon with a stepwise approach where internal and external energy exchanges are defined updating meteorological forecasts, energy demands and markets results while approaching real-time operations. According to the Italian Authority consultation document 322/2019, both energy-only and capacity remunerated services are included in the model. The aim of the model is both to estimate the economic opportunities coming from energy markets participation for smart energy districts in the future energy framework, and to assess the actual capability and reliability of diverse DERs aggregates to provide flexibility to the external electric grid. These evaluations are carried out applying the presented model to a university campus case study where different energy conversion and storage plants are integrated at a Distribution Network level.
Optimal investment in the energy system of Zero Emission Neighborhoods considering the refurbishment of the building stock
Authors: Pinel Dimitri , Kopås Magnus
Published: February 2021

To increase the impact that Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN) can have in the effort to decrease CO2 emissions, the refurbishment of the existing building stock is a parameter that should be considered. The existing literature contains work on optimization models for the energy system of neighbourhoods taking into account emissions but fails to account for the refurbishment of buildings. This paper addresses this option and presents an optimization model for designing a cost-optimal energy system of a ZEN in the context of existing buildings. The model is presented and used in a case study in Norway and compared to a case with linearized binaries. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the cost of refurbishment. With the original refurbishment cost assumptions, it is not chosen by the optimization, contrary to the hydronic. The system relies mainly on PV, solar thermal collectors (ST), a biogas engine, a battery and heat pumps (HP) and heat storage. From 50% of the original refurbishment cost, it is chosen, and the system does not have a biogas engine and a heating grid anymore, but a much bigger battery and more heating technologies inside the buildings. With linearized binaries, the investments are similar to the case with 50% refurbishment cost, but the value of the linearized binaries cannot be used to indicate the share of building to refurbish.
Effect of thermochromic coatings on the indoor thermal behavior of a case study building
Authors: Fabiani Claudia , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: February 2021

Passive systems and solutions aimed at improving local thermal comfort conditions represent a cutting-edge research field in building applications. However, only a few investigations were performed by taking into account the local distribution and spatial variability of the airflow generated by the application of both traditional and innovative passive strategies. The present research work is aimed at bridging such gap by modelling the indoor thermal environment of a case study prototype building, i.e. test-room, situated in central Italy, by taking into account the indoor heat transfer phenomena. In particular, a CFD model of the building is elaborated and used to predict the indoor thermal effect of an adaptive thermochromic envelope, compared to more traditional solutions. The simulation results are post-processed in terms of (i) indoor temperature and (ii) indoor airflows. The main findings confirm a non-negligible and positive impact of the thermochromic building envelope on the local indoor thermal comfort conditions in both summer and winter conditions, due to its capability of selectively tailor the absorption of heat gains and a function of the local boundary conditions.
Oxygen reduction approaches for fire protection to increase grid Li-ion BESS safety
Authors: Barelli Linda , Bidini Gianni , Gallorini Federico , Ottaviano Panfilo A. , Pelosi Dario , Perla Michele , Serangeli Monica
Published: February 2021

Li-ion battery is the most diffused technology among electrochemical energy storage systems. Installed capacity forecasts suggest a strong growth in the next years with renewable energy utilization to meet decarbonization purposes. Over 20 fire incidents in grid systems where reported during the last years in Korea and United States, with negative repercussions in market and social acceptance. Thermal runaway results as the recurring high impact failure effect. A novel concept to prevent Li-ion battery fires in grid installations could be represented by the realization of an oxygen-deficient atmosphere inside the containers. This novel approach is presented and discussed with reference to the framework of battery fire protection and the application of oxygen reduction.
Optimal sizing of Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems configurations in a Hybrid Renewable Microgrid
Authors: Monforti Ferrario Andrea , Bartolini Andrea , Comodi Gabriele , McPhail Stephen John , Segura Manzano Francisca , Andujar José Manuel , Vivas Francisco José
Published: February 2021

Considering the increasing penetration of variable and non-dispatchable renewable energy in worldwide electricity mixes, an increasing requirement for energy storage capacity is foreseen in order to decouple production and demand. Electrochemical battery systems and/or hydrogen systems (electrolysers and fuel cells) provide a suitable alternative to be implemented in local small-to-medium scale microgrid environments. The research aims to address the optimal sizing of an Energy Storage System composed of lead acid batteries and a hydrogen loop (electrolyser, compressed storage tank and fuel cell) within an actual hybrid renewable microgrid located in Huelva, Spain. The energy storage systems must couple the variable production of 15 kWp of solar PV systems and a 3 kWnom horizontal axis wind turbine to a real monitored residential load, which present a time-shifted power demand. By making use of previously developed and validated component models, three storage configurations (battery-only, hydrogen-only and hybrid batteryhydrogen) are assessed via parametrical variation in yearly simulations in hourly timestep, analysing the Loss of Load (LL) and Over Production (OP) output values. The results provide quantitative information regarding the optimal storage system capacity in each configuration providing valuable insight in terms of sizing of the energy storage systems in the long-term.
Robust design optimization of a renewable-powered demand with energy storage using imprecise probabilities
Authors: Coppitters Diederik , De Paepe Ward , Contino Francesco
Published: February 2021

During renewable energy system design, parameters are generally fixed or characterized by a precise distribution. This leads to a representation that fails to distinguish between uncertainty related to natural variation (i.e. future, aleatory uncertainty) and uncertainty related to lack of data (i.e. present, epistemic uncertainty). Consequently, the main driver of uncertainty and effective guidelines to reduce the uncertainty remain undetermined. To assess these limitations on a grid-connected household supported by a photovoltaic-battery system, we distinguish between present and future uncertainty. Thereafter, we performed a robust design optimization and global sensitivity analysis. This paper provides the optimized designs, the main drivers of the variation in levelized cost of electricity and the effect of present uncertainty on these drivers. To reduce the levelized cost of electricity variance for an optimized photovoltaic array and optimized photovoltaic-battery design, improving the determination of the electricity price for every specific scenario is the most effective action. For the photovoltaic-battery robust design, the present uncertainty on the prediction accuracy of the electricity price should be addressed first, before the most effective action to reduce the levelized cost of electricity variance can be determined. Future work aims at the integration of a heat demand and hydrogen-based energy systems.
Superfoods im Fokus: Ein kritischer Blick auf Chiasamen und Co.
Authors: Kuchheuser Paula , Jost Sonja , Birringer Marc
Published: February 2021

Die Umsatzzahlen für sogenannte Superfoods sprechen für eine erfolgreiche Vermarktung exotischer sowie auch altbekannter Lebensmittel mit einem vermeintlich gesundheitsförderndem Zusatznutzen. Obwohl es für den Begriff keine rechtliche Definition gibt und die Produkte unterschiedlichen lebensmittelrechtlichen Regulationen unterliegen, haben sich Superfoods längst in den Regalen der Supermärkte etabliert. Als Superfoods deklarierte Lebensmittel zeichnen sich meist durch eine hohe Dichte an Makro- und/oder Mikronährstoffen, insbesondere sekundären Pflanzenstoffen, aus. Obwohl der implizierte Gesundheitsnutzen von Produkten ohne autorisierte Health Claims eher selten durch Studien belegt ist, beeinflussen die angenommenen ernährungsphysiologischen Vorteile häufig die Kaufentscheidung der Verbraucher*innen. Der Trend von Superfoods gerät jedoch nicht nur bei aufgeklärten Verbraucher*innen durch Bedenken zur Lebensmittelsicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit exotischer Superfoods sowie das Angebot heimischer Alternativen zunehmend in die Kritik.
Akupunktur und Osteopathie bei Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Beckmann Ute
Published: February 2021

Bei der Behandlung von Rücken- und Beckenschmerzen ergänzen sich Akupunktur und Osteopathie und bieten sich als Kombinationsbehandlung an. Sie weisen bezüglich Zielen und Vorgehensweisen entscheidende Gemeinsamkeiten auf: Beides sind Therapieverfahren, die sich auch bei der Behandlung reversibler Funktionsstörungen bewährt haben. Sie sind ganzheitliche Behandlungsverfahren und haben die Stärkung der Selbstheilungskräfte zum Ziel.
Akupunktur der Lumbalgie aus Sicht der TCM
Authors: Kirchhoff Stefan
Published: February 2021

Lumbale Rückenschmerzen werden in der Akupunktur häufig auf das Zang-Organ Niere oder die Blasen-Leitbahn reduziert. Auch wenn diese beiden Strukturen oft eine zentrale Rolle bei Rückenbeschwerden spielen, können bei genauerer Betrachtung vielfältige Leitbahnsysteme und Zang-Fu-Organe involviert sein. Eine genauere Differenzierung der betroffenen Strukturen führt zu einer gezielteren und oft auch kausalen Therapie von Lumbalgien.
Vergleich der navigierten und konventionellen perkutanen Verschraubung undislozierter Kahnbeinfrakturen
Authors: Prabowo Kukuh Aji , Lopatta Eric , Lenz Mark , Friedel Reinhardt , Marintschev Ivan , Graul Isabel , Teichgräber Ulf
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Fehlplatzierungen und unbeabsichtigte Penetrationen der Schraube bei Stabilisation von Kahnbeinfrakturen werden laut Literatur in 5 bis 30 % beobachtet. Eine Optimierung der Schraubenlage ist daher wünschenswert, zumal eine exakt zentrale Schraubenlage im proximalen Fragment eine deutlich höhere Steifigkeit ergibt als eine periphere Schraubenlage.

Patienten und Methoden Jeweils 18 Patienten mit frischen undislozierten Kahnbeinfrakturen wurden navigiert bzw. konventionell perkutan von dorsal verschraubt. Neben der Dauer der Operation wurde die applizierte Röntgenstrahlendosis erfasst. Die Schraubenlage wurde in beiden Gruppen mittels eines eigens entwickelten CT-Modus ausgewertet und verglichen. Klinisch konnten 17 Patienten mit navigierter und 11 mit konventionell perkutaner Verschraubung mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 52 resp. 43,2 Jahren unter Erfassung des Krimmer- und DASH-Scores nachuntersucht werden.

Ergebnisse Alle 36 Kahnbeine heilten zeitgerecht. In 2 Fällen musste die navigierte Versorgung abgebrochen und eine konventionelle Versorgung durchgeführt werden. Die durchschnittliche OP-Zeit bei der navigierten Gruppe (NAVI-Gruppe) betrug 83,2 Minuten, die der konventionellen Gruppe (KONV-Gruppe) 42,1 Minuten. Die notwendige Röntgenstrahlendosis war in der NAVI-Gruppe doppelt so hoch wie bei der KONV-Gruppe (106,5 ± 19,9cGy/cm2; 45,6 ± 8,0cGy/cm2). Bei den konventionell perkutanen Verschraubungen wurde 5-mal ein Überstand der versenkbaren Kompressionsschraube (HCS), 4-mal distal (2,27 ± 1,47 mm), 1-mal proximal, beobachtet. Nachoperationen waren jedoch nicht erforderlich. Bei den navigierten Verschraubungen wurde 11 Schraubenüberstände registriert, in 4 Fällen proximal (2,01 ± 0,81 mm) und distal (1,21 ± 0,64 mm), 3-mal nur distal (1,18 ± 0,44 mm) und 4-mal nur proximal (1,61 ± 0,57 mm). Die Auswertung der axialen Schraubenlage im Dünnschicht-CT zeigte bei der konventionellen Gruppe bessere Ergebnisse. Der Krimmer-Score lag bei den 17 nachuntersuchten Patienten mit navigierter Versorgung bei 83,6 Punkte, der DASH-Score bei 5,6. Der Krimmer-Score der 11 nachuntersuchten konventionell versorgten Patienten lag bei 95 Punkten und der DASH-Score bei 8,0.

Schlussfolgerung Die navigierte Verschraubung frischer undislozierter Kahnbeinfrakturen zeigte in dieser Studie weder bzgl. der Schraubenlage, der Penetration der Schrauben noch der klinischen Ergebnisse Vorteile gegenüber der konventionell perkutanen Technik.
Ausweg aus der Versorgungslücke: voll krankenkassenfinanzierte konservative Adipositastherapie
Authors: Frenzel Sarah Victoria , Bach Sophie , Ahrens Swantje , Hellbardt Mario , Hilbert Anja , Stumvoll Michael , Fasshauer Mathias , Schlögl Haiko
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Das Leipziger Adipositasmanagement ist das deutschlandweit erste interdisziplinäre Therapieprogramm für Patienten mit Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 mit einem langfristigen (i. e., 4-jährigen) konservativen Behandlungsarm, welches über einen Vertrag der integrierten Versorgung (IV) komplett durch eine gesetzliche Krankenkasse finanziert wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit evaluiert die Effektivität des ersten Abschnitts des Programms mit einer mittleren Laufzeit von 72 Wochen.

Methoden Von 243 Personen wurden Gewicht, Körperumfänge sowie ausgewählte metabolische und psychologische Parameter vor Beginn (t0) und nach Abschluss des ersten Therapieabschnitts (t1) erhoben. Das methodische Design entspricht einer prospektiven Auswertung klinischer Real-World-Daten.

Ergebnisse Die Kosten pro Patient betrugen durchschnittlich 2022 €. Die Teilnehmer erreichten eine durchschnittliche Gewichtsreduktion von 5 kg (95 %-Konfidenzintervall [KI] 3,8–6,2) bzw. 4 % (KI 3,1–4,9) des Ausgangsgewichts. Der Hämoglobin-A1c-Wert reduzierte sich in der Gesamtkohorte von 5,9 % auf 5,6 % und bei Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten von 6,7 % auf 6,2 %. Weitere metabolische (z. B. Low-density-Lipoprotein- und Gesamtcholesterin) sowie psychologische (z. B. Lebensqualität) Parameter verbesserten sich ebenfalls signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Daten belegen unter Real-World-Bedingungen, dass ein über einen IV-Vertrag voll kassenfinanziertes Therapieprogramm bei Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 eine klinisch relevante Gewichtsreduktion und damit verbundene metabolische Verbesserungen erreicht. Das Leipziger Adipositasmanagement trägt zur Schließung der Versorgungslücke, die aktuell für die Adipositastherapie in Deutschland besteht, bei und verbessert die Qualität der Angebote durch eine individuelle langjährige Betreuung.
Meldepflicht für schwere Clostridiodes difficile –
Infektionen – Daten aus Frankfurt am Main, 2014–2018.
Bestandsaufnahme und Diskussion
Authors: Heudorf Ursel , Berres Marlene , Dogan Oezden , Steul Katrin Simone
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) ist in den
Industrieländern der am häufigsten identifizierte Erreger
einer Antibiotika-assoziierten Diarrhoe (CDAD). In Deutschland wurden
schwere Clostridioides difficile-Infektionen (CDI) bereits 2007 als
„bedrohliche Krankheit mit Hinweis auf schwerwiegende Gefahr
für die Allgemeinheit“ meldepflichtig. 2016 trat mit der
IfSG-Meldepflicht-Anpassungsverordnung eine Arztmeldepflicht für CDI
mit klinisch schwerem Verlauf in Kraft. Ausgehend von den Meldedaten
2014–2018 und vor dem Hintergrund weiterer verfügbarer Daten
zu CDI soll der Frage der Erforderlichkeit und Geeignetheit der Meldepflicht
für schwere CDI nachgegangen werden

Material/Methode Für die Jahre 2014–2018
wurden die dem Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main gemeldeten CDI-Fälle
den C. difficile-assoziierten Sterbefällen in Frankfurt
gegenübergestellt. Den Ergebnissen werden Daten aus der Literatur,
den bundesweiten Meldedaten nach Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG), der
Todesursachenstatistik, den Krankenhausbehandlungsdaten sowie den Daten des
Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-Systems (KISS) von C.
difficile-assoziierter Diarrhoe(CDAD) gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse Mit Inkrafttreten der neuen
IfSG-Meldepflicht-Anpassungsverordnung im Jahr 2016 nahm die Zahl der in
Frankfurt am Main jährlich gemeldeten CDI von 5–8 auf
13–14 zu; allerdings lag in allen Jahren (mit Ausnahme 2016) die
Zahl der augenscheinlich meldepflichtigen Todesfälle (zum Tode
führende Krankheit oder vorangegangene Ursache, bzw. Grundleiden)
mit 17–50 pro Jahr deutlich über der Anzahl der Meldungen
nach IfSG-Meldepflicht.

Schlussfolgerung Die Meldedaten aus Frankfurt am Main zeigen im
Vergleich mit den CDI-assoziierten Todesfällen eine erhebliche
Untererfassung: Weniger als die Hälfte der Todesfälle mit
CDI waren zuvor gemeldet worden. Aus den Daten des
Krankenhaus-Surveillance-Systems (CDAD-KISS) kann abgeschätzt
werden, dass die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht
gemeldet wird. Während bundesweit über eine Zunahme der
CDI-Meldungen berichtet wird, zeigen die Daten der bundesweiten
Todesursachenstatistik, der Krankenhausbehandlungs-Diagnosen sowie die im
CDAD-KISS dokumentierte Aufnahme- sowie Gesamt- Prävalenz
für CDI eine Abnahme – lediglich die Inzidenz schwerer CDI
nimmt zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund, unter Betrachtung rechtlicher Vorgaben des
IfSG und der nach § 23 (4) IfSG gegebenen grundsätzlichen
Handlungsmöglichkeiten der Gesundheitsämter sowie angesichts
europäischer Empfehlungen und vorliegender Daten zur
CDI-Surveillance sollte nach Auffassung der Autoren die Meldepflicht
für CDI aufgehoben werden.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: What's New?
Authors: Aguiar de Sousa Diana
Published: February 2021

Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses (CVT) is a distinct cerebrovascular disorder that, unlike arterial stroke, most often affects children and young adults, especially women. In this review, we will summarize recent advances on the knowledge of patients with CVT.
Capsule endoscopy practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Capsule Endoscopy Group of the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Liao Zhuan , He Shuixiang , Sha Weihong , Feng Zhijie , Sun Xiaomei , Wan Jun , Pan Jun , Wang Shasha , Linghu Enqiang , Li Zhaoshen ,   on behalf of the Capsule Endoscopy Group of the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy
Published: February 2021

The Capsule Endoscopy Group of the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy has issued recommendations for capsule endoscopy (CE) practice during the COVID-19 pandemic to standardize workflow, preventive strategies, and management of a CE unit and in so doing, ensure the safety of both medical staff and patients.
Was macht die Pandemie mit unserer Seele? – Psychische Herausforderungen meistern
Authors: Klosterkötter Joachim
Published: February 2021

Unter der gravierenden gesamtgesellschaftlichen Krisensituation, die COVID-19 weltweit hervorgerufen hat, stellen wir uns inzwischen immer wieder die Frage, welchen Einfluss die Pandemie auf uns hat. Prof. Dr. med. Joachim Klosterkötter ist Psychiater und wagt eine erste Bilanz.
Pigeon rotavirus A genotype G18P[17]-associated disease outbreaks after fancy pigeon shows in Germany – a case series
Authors: Schmidt Volker , Kümpel Michael , Cramer Kerstin , Sieg Michael , Harzer Maxi , Rückner Antje , Heenemann Kristin
Published: February 2021

Objective Pigeon rotavirus A (RVA) isolates of genotype G18P[17] are causing disease outbreaks and fatalities in pigeon lofts in Australia, Germany, Belgium, Denmark and USA since 2016. Most disease outbreaks have been reported from juvenile pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica). However, reports on RVA-associated disease outbreaks in fancy pigeons in connection with fancy pigeon shows in Germany are rare.

Material and methods Overall 18 pigeons (16 fancy pigeons and one racing pigeon from 9 pigeon fanciers, as well as one feral pigeon from a rescue center) were sent in for routine diagnostic necropsy including histopathologic, parasitologic and microbiologic examinations. Molecular biologic examinations for detection of RVA, circovirus, Usutu virus, West Nile virus and Chlamydia psittaci were also carried out on all pigeons. An accompanying questionnaire filled in by the senders was used to generate basic information on the affected pigeon lofts.

Results Disease outbreaks in juvenile and adult pigeons were reported 7–14 days after fancy pigeon shows. One fancier who had previously vaccinated his pigeons with an autogenous pigeon RVA vaccine, noted no morbidity and mortality among his pigeons and thus sent in a healthy pigeon for diagnostic purposes. Reported clinical signs in the other pigeons were regurgitation, green slimy diarrhea, anorexia, apathy and death after 24 hours. Hepatic necrosis and detection of pigeon RVA isolates of genotype G18P[17] confirmed disease outbreaks caused by pigeon RVA in all pigeons, except for the vaccinated pigeon. Besides pigeon circovirus, which was detected in 15 of 18 pigeons, all other pathogens were singular findings.

Conclusion and clinical relevance In disease outbreaks following fancy pigeon shows in juvenile and adult pigeons diagnostics should include pigeon RVA of genotype G18P[17].
Antibiotika in Kombination mit Naturstoffen
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian
Published: February 2021

Die Resistenz von medizinisch relevanten Bakterienarten gegenüber Standard- und Reserveantibiotika erreicht in vielen Teilen der Welt ein besorgniserregendes Ausmaß und gefährdet dadurch den Erfolg von antiinfektiven Therapien 1. Mittlerweile wird die Hälfte aller im Krankenhaus erworbenen Infektionen durch multiresistente Erreger verursacht, und Infektionen mit diesen führen jedes Jahr zu über 30 000 Todesfällen in der Europäischen Union 2.
COVID-19 Impfung: Die menschliche Doppelnatur
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: February 2021

Die Vorstellung einer Doppelnatur des Menschen findet sich schon in früher
geschichtlicher und davor wohl auch vorgeschichtlicher Zeit. Teilweise wird sie
philosophisch ausgedeutet als die Wesensverschiedenheit von Leib und Seele, Trieb
und Vernunft, teilweise spiegelt sie sich in Erzählungen und Mythen. Bezogen
auf den Mythos des Asklepios (lat. Äskulap), den altgriechischen Schutzgott
der Heilkunst, findet sich diese Doppelnatur gleich zweifach.
Die Auswirkungen des Corona-Shutdowns im März/April 2020: Der Zusammenhang zwischen Alltagsverhalten und psychischer Belastung bei psychisch Vorerkrankten und Gesunden
Authors: Nischk Daniel , Voss Martin
Published: February 2021

Ziel Menschen mit psychischen Vorerkrankungen scheinen nach ersten Studienergebnissen aus anderen Ländern durch den Corona-Shutdown im Frühjahr 2020 besonders psychisch belastet gewesen zu sein. Um für etwaige künftige Krisen angemessene Versorgungsstrukturen vorhalten zu können, wurde in dieser Studie die psychische Belastung psychisch Vorerkrankter mit der psychisch Gesunder während des Shutdowns verglichen und darüber hinaus der Zusammenhang zwischen Alltagsverhalten und psychischer Belastung untersucht.

Methodik In einer 15-minütigen Online-Befragung wurden 44 Menschen mit stationären psychiatrischen Vorbehandlungen und 55 psychisch Gesunde hinsichtlich ihrer generellen psychischen Belastung und der Veränderungen ihres Alltagsverhaltens seit Beginn der Einschränkungen befragt.

Ergebnisse Menschen mit psychischen Vorerkrankungen waren insgesamt signifikant stärker psychisch belastet als Gesunde (p < 0,001; d = 1,68) und berichteten auch über signifikant geringere konstruktive Anpassungen ihres Alltagsverhaltens (p = 0,012; d = −0,52) an die veränderte Lebenssituation. 20,6 % der höheren psychischen Belastung ließ sich statistisch durch die geringere Anpassung des Alltagsverhaltens erklären.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Befunde legen nahe, dass psychisch vorerkrankte Menschen gerade in Krisenzeiten ein differenziertes sozialpsychiatrisches Angebot benötigen, welches sie im Alltag unterstützt, um notwendige Anpassungen des Alltagslebens an eine dramatisch veränderte Umgebung besser meistern zu können.