bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestion des risques, pandémie et paradoxes du système de santé et d’assurance maladie français : pour un nouveau modèle décisionnel
Authors: Castiel Didier , Bréchat Pierre-Henri
Published: February 2022

La gestion des risques est une nécessité pour un système de santé et d’assurance maladie, de surcroît s’il est confronté à une crise sanitaire comme celle du Covid-19. L’utilisation ou non de l’évolution de la production scientifique dans la prise de décision, selon le niveau de connaissance disponible, interpelle peu ou prou les modèles décisionnels en matière de gestion des risques, en particulier lors de risques sanitaires. Cette recherche s’appuie sur l’analyse qualitative de données issues de recherches bibliographiques et de regroupements par item correspondant aux principaux modèles théoriques admis en analyse décisionnelle, pour les interroger au regard de leur capacité à appréhender une crise sanitaire par un système de santé et d’assurance maladie en France et à l’international. Les outils de décloisonnement des trois principaux modèles trouvés sont en bout de course au sein du système de santé et d’assurance santé français. En considérant l’international, un nouveau modèle décisionnel plus rationnel et corrigé des biais constatés dans les modèles bureaucratique et politique est proposé, afin de mieux répondre aux défis liés à la gestion de crise du système de santé et d’assurance maladie doublée d’une crise épidémique. Pour gérer une épidémie, il faut un système de santé et d’assurance maladie en capacité de le faire.
Financing the recovery from the havoc created by Covid: reinforcing the need for a world federal government
Authors: Ashta Arvind , Walia Daksh
Published: February 2022

Le Covid-19 est une pandémie mondiale. Les efforts individuels des pays ne fonctionnent pas puisque le virus se déplace avec les mouvements de populations. Bien que de nombreux pays aient engagé des dépenses considérables, les modalités de financement ne sont pas évidentes. Une des suggestions pour gérer la crise du Covid serait de créer un gouvernement fédéral mondial. Le Covid-19 fait apparaître de nouveaux arguments en ce sens : une pandémie mondiale a besoin d'une réponse mondiale, sans laquelle le virus ne pourrait être contenu ; la capacité à soigner les gens n'est pas la même selon les pays, exigeant des transferts de vaccins et de médicaments ; l'augmentation de la demande effective pour relancer l'économie nécessite une redistribution massive vers des populations qui ont besoin de consommer se trouvant dans les pays en voie de développement. Pour cela, il faudrait recourir aux péréquations du fédéralisme fiscal.
Biofortification of selenium in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on seaweed or selenium enriched substrates
Authors: Ferrari L. , Sele V. , Silva M. , Bonilauri P. , De Filippo F. , Selmin F. , Ørnsrud R. , Pinotti L. , Ottoboni M.
Published: February 2022

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for livestock. The element can be supplemented to feed in inorganic or organic Se forms, where the chemical form in the diet affects the accumulation of Se in animal tissues. Insects are known to be natural bioaccumulators of different nutrients, but no studies have so far looked up on the capacity of insects to be biofortified with Se, as a potential future source for Se in feed. In this study, black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae were reared on three different substrates: (1) a control substrate (CTR diet) of plant-ingredients (Gainesville diet); (2) Ascophyllum nodosum diet (AN30%), with 30% substitution of the alfalfa meal with the brown algae; and (3) a Se diet, where the CTR diet was fortified with 0.3 mg/kg of Se. All experiments were carried out under dark condition, at 25 °C with 70% relative humidity for two weeks, and the final BSF prepupae were analysed for Se, metals and minerals, and Se species. The mean total Se content in the prepupae reared on Se dietary group was over five times higher compared to the CTR group, whereas lower Se levels were detected in AN30% dietary group. Se speciation analyses showed that organic selenomethionine (SeMet) was the major Se species present, both in CTR and AN30% group. For the Se group, SeMet was accounting for 54% of the total Se. The levels of SeMet were higher in the Se group compared to the CTR group, indicating that BSF prepupae are able to convert inorganic Se to organic Se. The overall results show that the substrates hereby studied affect the total Se and Se species, as well as the levels of other elements, in the BSF prepupae.
Differentiating Between Contact Lens Warpage and Keratoconus Using OCT Maps of Corneal Mean Curvature and Epithelial Thickness
Authors: Pavlatos Elias , Harkness Brooke , Louie Derek , Chamberlain Winston , Huang David , Li Yan
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

To formulate an Epithelial Modulation index to differentiate between eyes with contact lens warpage and keratoconus.

METHODS:

Normal eyes and eyes with either contact lens warpage or keratoconus were scanned by a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Maps of epithelial thickness and anterior surface mean curvature were generated and converted to deviation maps by subtracting the average maps from a healthy population. The Epithelial Modulation index was defined as the covariance between the two types of deviation maps. A logistic regression model was used to classify eyes as non-keratoconus (normal or warp-age) or keratoconus (manifest, subclinical, or forme fruste).

RESULTS:

The average Epithelial Modulation index value for normal eyes was −0.6 ± 1.0 µm/m. Eyes with keratoconus were characterized by coincident high anterior surface mean curvature and low epithelial thickness, resulting in a high Epithelial Modulation index (manifest: 103.0 ± 82.9 µm/m, subclinical: 37.0 ± 23.0 µm/m, forme fruste: 7.3 ± 13.2 µm/m). The Epithelial Modulation index was closer to normal for eyes with warpage (−1.9 ± 4.0 µm/m). The classification accuracy of the Epithelial Modulation index during five-fold cross-validation of the logistic regression model was 100 ± 0% for normal eyes and 99.0 ± 2.0% for eyes with warpage. The accuracy was 100 ± 0%, 100 ± 0%, and 53.1 ± 1.5% for the manifest, subclinical, and forme fruste keratoconus groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Epithelial Modulation index is useful in distinguishing eyes with secondary epithelial modulation (keratoconus) from those with primary epithelial deformation (contact lens–related warpage).

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):112–119.]
Effects of dispersed fibres in myocardial mechanics, Part I: passive response
Authors: Guan Debao , Mei Yuqian , Xu Lijian , Cai Li , Luo Xiaoyu , Gao Hao
Published: February 2022

It is widely acknowledged that an imbalanced biomechanical environment can have significant effects on myocardial pathology, leading to adverse remodelling of cardiac function if it persists. Accurate stress prediction essentially depends on the strain energy function which should have competent descriptive and predictive capabilities. Previous studies have focused on myofibre dispersion, but not on fibres along other directions. In this study, we will investigate how fibre dispersion affects myocardial biomechanical behaviours by taking into account both the myofibre dispersion and the sheet fibre dispersion, with a focus on the sheet fibre dispersion. Fibre dispersion is incorporated into a widely-used myocardial strain energy function using the discrete fibre bundle approach. We first study how different dispersion affects the descriptive capability of the strain energy function when fitting to ex vivo experimental data, and then the predictive capability in a human left ventricle during diastole. Our results show that the chosen strain energy function can achieve the best goodness-of-fit to the experimental data by including both fibre dispersion. Furthermore, noticeable differences in stress can be found in the LV model. Our results may suggest that it is necessary to include both dispersion for myofibres and the sheet fibres for the improved descriptive capability to the ex vivo experimental data and potentially more accurate stress prediction in cardiac mechanics.
pensamento complexo de Ciro Marcondes Filho
Authors: Silva Gustavo Castro
Published: February 2022

Livre-pensador, Ciro Marcondes Filho foi um jornalista e filósofo brasileiro que elaborou com sua “razão durante” uma ideia de Comunicação a partir das noções de incerteza, desordem, dúvida, disjunção e indeterminação. O texto faz aproximações entre a “Nova Teoria da Comunicação” por ele proposta e o pensamento complexo, aqui entendido como desafio de rejunção e articulação entre os saberes da filosofia, da arte e da ciência. Abordamos de início o esforço de CMF por conversações teóricas e diálogos mediante encontros acadêmicos. Analisamos algumas de suas críticas teóricas, em especial a noção de ruído, auto-organização e razão-durante. Nossa metodologia foi a análise bibliográfica das obras de CMF relacionando-as às noções citadas. Nossas conclusões mostram que os princípios da razão durante se aproximam daqueles da razão complexa.
Control Practices for Safeguarding Agricultural and Environmental Biosecurity Before Entry Points
Authors: Harper Susan B. , Dee Scott A. , Phillips Craig B. , Widmer Timothy L.
Published: February 2022

Biosecurity, in the context of agriculture and natural ecosystems, refers to a strategic framework of policies and procedures intended to prevent the introduction or release of biological agents and materials that have the potential to threaten or compromise the agricultural sector in the form of invasive species, exotic pathogens, and foreign pests. Exchange of plants, animals, and agricultural products along with wood packaging material and dunnage that are transported through commerce and trade can lead to accidental introductions of foreign pathogens and pests unless sound biosecurity protocols are implemented to ensure the quality and safety of imported commodities at the local, transboundary, and global levels. Principal stakeholders at risk are those with interests in food, feed, fiber, oil, ornamental, and industrial crops; commercial forestry, natural ecosystems, and parks; and the livestock, poultry, aquaculture, fisheries, and apiculture industries.
Surveillance for Early Detection of High-Consequence Pests and Pathogens
Authors: Bowers John H. , Malayer Jerry R. , Martínez-López Beatriz , LaForest Joseph , Bargeron Charles T. , Neeley Alison D. , Coop Leonard B. , Barker Brittany S. , Mastin Alexander J. , Parnell Stephen R. , Cossé Allard A. , McCluskey Brian J. , Isard Scott A. , Russo Joseph M.
Published: February 2022

Surveillance is one of the core activities of national organizations responsible for human, animal, or plant health, with the goal of demonstrating the absence of infection or infestation, determining the presence or distribution of infection or infestation, and/or detecting as early as possible exotic or emerging pests and pathogens that may be harmful to agriculture and the environment. Surveillance is a tool to establish absence of the pest or pathogen, monitor trends, facilitate the mitigation and control of infection or infestation, provide data for use in risk analysis, substantiate the rationale for sanitary measures, and provide assurances to trading partners, producers, and the public. The type of surveillance applied depends on the objectives of the surveillance, the available data sources, resources, and the outputs needed to support decision-making.
Surveillance Design After Initial Detection
Authors: Cook Gericke , Morisette Jeffrey Thomas , Remmenga Marta D. , Spiegel Kevin , Russo Joseph M.
Published: February 2022

Surveillance is the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information to support prevention and mitigation of pest and pathogen impacts across natural and managed health systems. Surveillance provides an informational foundation for the risks posed by the organism, current status of the outbreak, directing limited resources, and effectiveness of management actions within the context of a response. Each response may have a series of management goals to accomplish over time and the information needs to support each goal will vary. Surveillance must be appropriately designed to align with the response goal and be well supported by risk assessment information on the biology of the invasive pest/pathogen, biology of the host or host system, pathways of introduction and spread, types and magnitude of impact, etc. This chapter proposes a generalized framework as a starting place for designing surveillance schemes using core design factors and how to effectively narrow parameterization of these factors within the context of a response goal.
Initial Emergency Response
Authors: Biggs Rosslyn S. , Frankel Susan J. , Cole Leslie E. , Kosta Kathleen L. , Goeller Mark
Published: February 2022

This chapter focuses on emergency response following an initial detection of an invasive plant pest or foreign animal disease (FAD) as well as the regulatory authority utilized to initiate a response. Many emergency responses will be associated with crops and livestock on farms and ranches while others may involve nurseries, forests, wildlife, and exotic animals in various urban and rural locations. The incident command system framework is typically utilized to organize response efforts. Standard response preparedness and mobilization will be discussed with a consideration of the multitude of internal and external influences that can impact the strategy and tactics used during an outbreak. Sources of emergency funding and the critical need to manage public perception and information are also explained.
Tactical Applications of Microbial Forensics in Agricultural and Environmental Biosecurity
Authors: Fletcher Jacqueline , Davis Joanna , Goldsmith Stephen , Luster Douglas Glen , Murch Randall
Published: February 2022

The secure and continuous production of agricultural commodities and food security are key to U.S. national security. The introduction of foreign-origin or emerging animal, plant, and human diseases by intentional acts of espionage, terrorism, biological warfare, or criminal activity can lead to severe consequences for domestic and international agricultural markets, the economic security of the agricultural community, food safety and food security, and the credibility of responsible state and federal agencies. Early public, animal, plant health, law enforcement, and intelligence assessments and investigations of suspected or confirmed intentional threats are critical additions to existing interagency prevention, response, and management protocols. Forensic microbiology, a multidisciplinary science, is essential to the nation's readiness for responding to a potentially criminal, intentional, or otherwise nefarious incident in the agricultural sector (plant or animal), and of eventual supporting attribution and the prosecution of the perpetrators.
Looking to the Future
Authors: Bailey Keith L. , Cardwell Kitty F.
Published: February 2022

Advances in technologies, increased globalization, impacts of changes in climate and land use on food production practices, and the expanding world population will continue to exert significant pressures on global biosecurity systems. The world must be prepared to face novel biosecurity threats, whether a consequence of natural pest and pathogen emergence or an intentional or unintentional release into a community. It is imperative that public and private sectors develop comprehensive and innovative strategies to mitigate these ever-evolving threats rapidly and effectively. This chapter reviews several opportunities that currently exist in global biosecurity of animal and plant systems with the hope that it will provide researchers, health experts, educators, and first responders with the awareness and impetus to adopt biosecurity tactics that enhance preparedness, reduce risk, and prevent catastrophic outcomes.
A Strategic Roadmap for Rising African American Women Leaders in the 21st Century
Authors: Storman Ashley N.
Published: February 2022

Using Patricia Hill Collins's Black Feminist Thought to guide the research design and analysis of this study, the researcher focused on the lived experiences of four African American women navigating barriers, challenges, and oppression in the climb to senior leadership positions in Student Affairs. Their strategic choices for professional development gave way to pivotal experiences that have shaped a road map for African American women that aspire to achieve leadership positions within the profession. The study findings address the following: (1) strategic leadership development, (2) mentorship, (3) managing consciousness and oppression, (4) a three-to four-year job shuffle, (5) and noteworthy barriers and challenges. Institutions of higher education and affiliated professional associations in collaboration with emerging African American women leaders can close the attainment gap of senior leadership positions in student affairs.
Patching the Pipeline
Authors: Reynoso Nina Monet , Foxx Kiana , Tadesse Azeb , Mack Cymone
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, Nina Monet Reynoso, Kiana Foxx, Azeb Tadesse, and Cymone Mack present their findings from research on the inaugural year of the Bunche Research Fellowship (BRF), a university-sponsored research program geared towards partnering Black undergraduate students with Black faculty and graduate student mentors. Utilizing surveys and in-depth online interviews of mentors and faculty members, the authors document the role of mentorship on Black undergraduates. The authors theorize that participation in the program bolsters student skills and confidence in pursuing careers related to research and inquiry. Findings suggest mentoring is associated with community building, career exploration, and improvements in the undergraduate to graduate school pipeline. The chapter provides readers with an overview of this successful mentorship program and suggests best practices for increasing and improving the pipeline for Black Americans entering higher education.
Supply Chain Strategies for Achieving Resilience in the MSMEs
Authors: Mukherjee Subhodeep , Baral Manish Mohan , Venkataiah Chittipaka
Published: February 2022

Due to COVID-19, the supply chains have been disrupted in many ways. This chapter aims to identify the strategies that can help the MSMEs develop a resilient supply chain strategy that can handle any kind of disruption. Five strategies are determined from the literature review. A questionnaire is being developed for survey-based research in the MSMEs of India. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling are used. In this research, an empirical investigation is carried out to present the research framework. All the proposed hypotheses are accepted, and the developed model satisfied all the parameters.
Becoming a Learning Magician
Authors: Howarth Michael Saville
Published: February 2022

A teacher adapts classroom session materials for a first-time online Zoom training session. The introduction and background give insights into traditional BBC education methods and producer experience. The transcripts of the session are analyzed for discrete themes which contain solutions to the teacher's problems. These include the physical setup: placing a 'teacher's desk' in front of the computer screen at an angle of 45 degrees. The themes are highlighted with extracts from the dialogue and additional notes. Together they capture the process of how a teacher can make their own creative classroom ideas work online. The original Zoom videos are available to the reader and show the process in real time. The author suggests that it is time to take the long view; online teachers are reported to find remote teaching does need a different approach. The approach was discovered by BBC Education producers of analogue radio broadcasts in the 1970s and refined over the next 20 years.
Character Development
Authors: Ellington Linda Marie
Published: February 2022

This chapter reviews essential features of online learning and puts forward some educational propositions that may be of service in early childhood and elementary levels. First, it examined the unique characteristics of a virtual classroom, and the focus is then put on a need for supporting educators in their design of remote classrooms and to promote active learning aimed at early childhood and elementary education. Secondly, the chapter focused on storytelling delivered in various literary styles. The conversations throughout the chapter pertain to virtual storytelling followed by a description of the process of creating characters, their environment, writing a storyline in order to change how learners, think, feel, or act – character development. The intent is to facilitate collaborative knowledge building through the utilization of storytelling as a tool to support students in decision making, abstract thinking, creativity, and discovery.
Historical Identity and Sustainability as Tools for Historical Inquiry
Authors: Pajak Alois F.
Published: February 2022

History contains a dynamic record of the interactions of people, events, and landscapes, yet instruction often relies on limited interpretations and inaccurate traditions based on standardized practices. Historical inquiry, in contrast, fosters interaction directly with historical evidence guided by curiosity and solution seeking. Inquiries developed through historical identity, sustainability, and historical preservation unveil the interaction of the past and the present. When adapted for remote practices, historical identity centers learning through the challenges of historical preservation in consideration of sustainability. Interaction with haptic three-dimensionally printed historical artifacts and virtual reality drives online learning experiences. This problem-based strategy builds interest, connection, and curiosity in history with students, which is a concern especially with asynchronous education.
Virtual Field Trips as the Focus of the Early Years Curriculum
Authors: Manzone Jessica A. , Kaplan Sandra N.
Published: February 2022

The concept and implementation of field trips have been a source of motivation and experiential learning for students of all ages. Field trips served as a hallmark feature of early childhood curriculum, and a way for young learners to access content across all topics and subjects. Traditionally, a field trip, whether in-person or virtual, has been considered a support to a lesson or unit of study. The contemporary emphasis on remote learning has created an opportunity for virtual field trips to become the source rather than a feature of a curriculum for young learners. This chapter will address (1) the educational implications of virtual field trips, (2) virtual field trips as a dominant feature in early childhood curriculum, and (3) the use of virtual field trips as a method of providing equity and access for all learners. Questions related to why virtual field trips are significant and how early childhood curriculum can be redesigned around virtual trips are addressed.
Risk Management and Human Resources Management Strategies in Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Majid Abdul Halim Abdul , Ayob Abdul Halim
Published: February 2022

The emerging spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted business organizations in various ways. Considering risk management, HRM should re-strategize in recognizing, assessing, and mitigating those risks. Further, the importance of HRM's role and strategies in maintaining, increasing productivity, and improving the quality of work life by emphasizing risk management can no longer be disputed. As a key player in organizations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, HRM shall incorporate new technologies and ICT in redesigning work systems, scheduling, staffing, and training, as well as reskilling the employees. In order to ensure a company does not lag behind in business, business organizations should be sensitive and quick in taking steps in handling the current challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the authors highlighted three types of risks that have taken place in organizations, namely managing workplace diversity, staffing, and training; and toward the end of the chapter, the authors propose strategies for HRM to manage those identified risks.
Addressing Low Female Participation in STEM for an Inclusive Industry 4.0
Authors: Sangar Sunita
Published: February 2022

Increase in enrollment of women in higher education also had an impact on the choice of subjects. Science, technology, engineering, and maths (STEM) subjects also attracted a large number of women as their professional choices. However, employment for women in STEM domain has largely remained inadequate and contributed to the overall declining employment trend for women. There are several socio-cultural barriers seriously impeding women's development as professionals in the field of STEM. The government facilitated re-entry of women in science through dedicated women scientist schemes, but domination of life sciences indicates professional gendered segregation. Women in India are largely employed in the unorganized sectors, and improving women participation in the STEM domain can enable women's participation in the organized industry sector institutions. The emergence of Industry 4.0 provides an opportunity to not contribute further to the widened gender disparities and gender stereotypes. This will be a big leap for the emergence of a gender-inclusive work culture in the industry sectors.
A Comprehensive Review on Blockchain-Based Internet of Things (BIoT)
Authors: A. Manimaran , Dhasarathan Chandramohan , N. Arulkumar , N. Naveen Kumar
Published: February 2022

The internet of things (IoT) represents rapid development in research and industry that enables both virtual and physical objects to be linked and transfers information in order to produce various services that enhance our excellence of life. Traditional security and privacy methods are not applicable for IoT, mostly due to their topological constraints and versatility of IoT devices. Blockchain technology has started to fascinate younger generations because it works especially well in the digital world. Blockchain is suitable for internet of things applications. Advancements in IoT have propelled distributed systems. The blockchain concept demands a method for exchanging and storing data that is managed by a decentralized network. The rise of IoT applications is hindered by these obstacles. One option to fix these problems is to use a distributed ledger technology using blockchain technology. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of blockchain's strengths and weaknesses with its applications.
Logistics Management Using Blockchain
Authors: Ugochukwu Nwosu Anthony , Goyal S. B.
Published: February 2022

As logistics companies continue to expand due to the revolution of Logistics 4.0, the complexity of the multiple connected organizations makes it impossible for a clear view of logistics operation. Since customer information is shared between companies, unauthorized access to personal information is inevitable, and it poses several threats to customers. To address this challenge, blockchain with some fascinating properties like enhanced security and transparency will be deployed. Blockchain is a technology that can be used to improve efficiency, visibility, and security in logistics management. This chapter will explore the current applications of blockchain in logistics management based on an analysis of the findings of several scholars. The change from traditional logistics to digital logistics, digital logistics issues, as well as blockchain principles, this study also provides useful insights into how blockchain can disrupt conventional operations in logistics management. It also lays the groundwork for future study into blockchain's applicability in digital fleet management.
Load Balancing Improvement Through Flexible Assignment of Jobs in the Grids
Authors: Maru Jalay Saurin , Jani Raxit , Parmar Nishith
Published: February 2022

Grid computing has emerged as a striking computing concept due to the availability of high-speed wide area networks and low-cost computational capital. This represents a novel load balancing algorithm for grid systems by allowing for node allure. The set of partners and neighbours are created for each node using the prestige of the job. For each job, in the gird, the given algorithm uses the popularity of other nodes in the grid to form k number of partners and p number of neighbours. The methods for constructing neighbours and partners are existing. A new job arriving to a node is immediately dispersed to the originating node or to its partner nodes. The load adjustment is approved incessantly, and reciprocal information administration is used to minimize the communication overhead in the elaborated load balancing algorithm. The given algorithm is self-motivated, sender-initiated, and decentralized.
Case Study on State-of-the-Art Wellness and Health Tracker Devices
Authors: Vyas Sonali , Gupta Shaurya
Published: February 2022

In today's world, the concept of smart health is attaining acceptance in the field of medical sciences which is based completely on the concept of IoT. IoT devices are responsible for collecting and analyzing voluminous data, which involves monitoring the health status of various patients, which would enhance the clinical support system and provisions of monitoring and controlling patients with the help of sensors and medical devices equipped with IoT unit. With the aid of various architectural constituents, interactive communication between the medical spaces and remote users, health or wellness systems are being developed in such a manner that they collect data from varied monitoring devices. Then the data being collected is processed, and then a personalized scheme for an individual or patient is suggested for his wellness goal, like walking ten thousand steps would help him lower his blood pressure. This chapter provides an understanding and discusses various environmental considerations like humidity, air temperature, and the forecast provided by the organisation's system.
AI Technology in Lifestyle Monitoring
Authors: Aravinth S. S. , Arepalli Gopi , P. Sakthivel , Kumar Viknesh D. , Kumar Senthil J.
Published: February 2022

Artificial intelligence-assisted technologies are playing a crucial role in the lifestyle monitoring cycle. AI-enabled advancements, devices, products, and clothes are giving a clear picture of the enormous usage of smart applications. These predominantly used solicitations are classifying emails, monitoring health-related issues with smart wearable devices, self-driving cars and unmanned vehicles, faster communications, and web searches. These AI-enabled services are being rendered into industries and home automation initiatives. Also, AI-powered healthcare services and devices are getting few attractions in recent days. In this chapter, a few of the usages of AI technologies in healthcare are discussed, and some proposed ideas are presented. In this chapter, the detailed study and implementation are discussed. This chapter also focuses on revealing some useful information about applying AI-enabled services in the home automation category.
A Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Perspective on Organizational Socialization in the New Age of Remote Work
Authors: Burleson Seterra D. , Eggler Kristen D. , Major Debra A.
Published: February 2022

Organizations have begun to embrace remote and hybrid work arrangements while simultaneously prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) in a post-COVID-19 work era, bringing forth new challenges in socializing organizational newcomers. In this chapter, a DE&I perspective is applied to further understanding of the unique challenges organizations and leaders face in socializing remote workers, encouraging organizations to proactively foster newcomer development of essential cognitive, regulative, and normative knowledge; self-efficacy; and a sense of social inclusion. Evidence-based recommendations are provided to provide a path forward for organizations to socialize organizational newcomers in the new age of remote work in a way that upholds DE&I goals and values.
Remote Work
Authors: Karabulut Vildan Tasli
Published: February 2022

Drawing on enrichment theory, the study examines whether academics' experience in one domain of work-life interface resulted in any enrichment in the other domain. The researcher conducted 26 semi-structured online interviews with academics from Turkey and the UK. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify themes and subthemes. The study shows that married people with young children (under 12) and especially female academics struggled the most to balance work and life during the pandemic because they had to fulfill their work and family responsibilities at the same time and place. Considering the research's findings from the enrichment model's perspective, it is concluded that remote work offers work and life enrichment to some extent to individuals, but individuals' diverse living circumstances matter in discussing work-life balance and the level of enrichment in work and life domains. This is important for organizations to put on their agenda while thriving to achieve diversity and develop inclusive workplaces in the post-COVID-19 era.
The COVID-Era Impact on Work-Life Balance
Authors: Hutchinson Donnie
Published: February 2022

The mission of this chapter is to encourage and provide a model for leaders to lead organizations through a work-life balance (WLB)-centered holistic leadership approach. This approach begins by explaining why it is imperative to lead by considering the totality of each person from a diverse and inclusive viewpoint. The totality of each person includes one's self-care management practices and all roles one plays in life. The apex of this mission is to provide leaders with a research-based practitioner model to create an inclusive culture of organizational health and wellness. The self-care flourished living (SCFL) model coupled with a holistic leadership approach that diversifies to meet individual employee needs will be showcased in this chapter. The result of leading employees through SCFL and a holistic approach will promote living a life of balance through effective self-care.
Worker Response to the Rapid Changes Caused by Disruptive Innovation
Authors: Brown Brian Anthony , Heitner Keri L.
Published: February 2022

The rapid global spread of the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) commencing February 2020 ushered in remote working as a means to stem the virus's spread and continue production. However, not all jobs can be remotely performed, as evidenced in Latin America and the Caribbean, where only 20% of available jobs can be executed remotely. Many managers across Latin America and the Caribbean have no experience with managing remote workforces. Several issues exacerbated the challenges these inexperienced and unprepared managers faced, including the lack of training and the unavailability of internet and communication technologies, especially critical disruptive innovations such as broadband internet. The lack of broadband internet and training on using information and communication technologies hinders diversity and inclusion, as many managers and the workforce at large from Latin America and the Caribbean region could not make contributions to global and national production, which negatively affected the quality of their lives.
Child Development for Human Services Professionals
Authors: Chitiyo Rufaro A.
Published: February 2022

Human services professionals are those who work with people in different settings. Their jobs entail helping others cope and/or manage a plethora of issues. Using search terms such as child development, child development theories, domains of development, and developmental domains, the author identified appropriate sources in order to write this chapter. Based on existing literature in the human services fields, the author's goals for this chapter were expounding upon 1) developmental domains, 2) major theories of child development, and 3) the importance of human services professionals studying child development. Developmental domains (physical, cognitive, psychosocial [also known as socio-emotional], and language development) are the areas of growth or change that are part of people's development. There are multiple theories of child development and in this chapter; the author covers the seven major ones. Last but not least, the author provides an overview of the importance of human services professionals studying child development as part of their academic training.
Challenges Faced by Heads of Departments (HODs) in Driving Quality Curriculum Management in a Secondary School in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Madonsela Barbara Zodwa , Proches Cecile Gerwel
Published: February 2022

Heads of Department (HODs) have an important role to play in ensuring quality curriculum management. Becoming a HOD, however, requires that teachers develop a different set of skills and abilities to effectively manage the multiple aspects of curriculum management. The aim of the research was to examine the challenges that HODs face in driving quality curriculum management, and then to consider the strategies that could be developed to improve curriculum management in a secondary school in Durban, South Africa. The qualitative research approach was followed, using semi-structured interviews to collect data. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Key findings indicated various challenges such as a lack of subject knowledge, absenteeism of teachers, a lack of resources, and cases where teachers were not specialising in a subject that they were tasked with monitoring. It is recommended that the Department of Education ensures that HODs participate in induction.
Implementation of mHealth Interventions for Public Healthcare in East Africa
Authors: Ndayizigamiye Patrick
Published: February 2022

The potential of mobile technologies to address health-related challenges has been widely acknowledged. The objective of this chapter is to identify factors that led to the successful implementation of mobile health interventions for public healthcare in the East African Community (EAC) and lessons learnt from these implementations that could assist in devising successful mHealth interventions. Findings reveal that forging partnerships with key stakeholders, adapting mHealth interventions to the cultural context, leveraging local opportunities, involving users in the design phase of interventions, planning for sustainability from the design phase of mHealth interventions, having a policy framework and a monitoring system to guide mHealth activities are key factors that led to the success of these interventions.
The Impact of mHealth on Supply Chain Management of Medical Supplies in Village Clinics
Authors: Chipeta Mwai , Malanga Donald Flywell
Published: February 2022

This chapter reports the results of a study that evaluated the impact of an mHealth system named Cstock on the supply chain management of medical supplies in village clinics of Mangochi district in Malawi. The study found that Cstock was used for requesting health products, supply, and resupply from healthcare facilities. In terms of quality, it was reported that the system was fast, easy to learn, and rarely displayed error reports. Cstock mHealth also yielded positive impacts through time and cost savings, improved communication, and availability of essential medical stocks at all levels of the supply chain and improved data visibility for decision-making. However, poor network coverage, lack of power source for charging phone batteries, absence of monetary incentives, lack of technical support compromised the effective utilisation of the system. The chapter offers insights to policy makers, implementers, and research practitioners on how to build resilience in the management of medical supply chain in a primary healthcare setting through the use of innovative mHealth technology.
Optimized Breast Cancer Premature Detection Method With Computational Segmentation
Authors: Saeed Soobia , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Naqvi Mehmood , Humyun Mamoona , Ahmad Muneer , Gaur Loveleen
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women aged 59 to 69 years old. Studies have shown that early detection and treatment of breast cancer increases the chances of survival significantly. They also demonstrated that detecting small lesions early improves forecasting and results in a significant reduction in death cases. The most effective screening diagnostic technique in this case is mammography. However, interpretation of mammograms is difficult due to small differences in tissue densities within mammographic images. This is especially true for dense breasts, and this study suggests that screening mammography is more effective in fatty breast tissue than in dense breast tissue. This study focuses on breast cancer diagnosis as well as identifying risk factors and their assessments of breast cancer as well as premature detection of breast cancer by analyzing 3D MRI mammography methods and segmentation of mammographic images using machine learning.
A Systematic Mapping Study of Low-Grade Tumor of Brain Cancer and CSF Fluid Detecting in MRI Images Through Multi-Algorithm Techniques
Authors: Saeed Soobia , Haroon Habibullah Bin , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Naqvi Mehmood , Ahmad Muneer
Published: February 2022

Low-grade tumor or CSF fluid, the symptoms of brain tumour and CSF liquid, usually requires image segmentation to evaluate tumour detection in brain images. This research uses systematic literature review (SLR) process for analysis of the different segmentation approach for detecting the low-grade tumor and CSF fluid presence in the brain. This research work investigated how to evaluate and detect the tumor and CSF fluid, supervised machine learning algorithm and segmentation method (3D and 4D segmentation process, supervised segmentation process, Fourier transformation, and Laplace transformation), and mentioned the details of publication selection with the publishing digital libraries bodies. Furthermore, this research discusses selected segmentation techniques to detect the low-grade tumor and CSF fluid in systematic mapping through systematic literature review (SLR) process.
Pre-Service Language Teachers' Development of Augmented Reality Applications
Authors: Karacan Cemil Gökhan , Polat Mustafa
Published: February 2022

This qualitative study explored pre-service English language teachers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control beliefs regarding their intentions to use augmented reality (AR) technology for their future language classes. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews (n=15) and retrospective reflection papers (n=55) from two groups of pre-service English language teachers in a state and foundation university in Istanbul, Turkey. In development of the interview questions and analysis of the data, the authors utilized decomposed theory of planned behavior as their research framework. Findings revealed that participants intend to use AR in their future classes due to its perceived usefulness, student influence, and perceived ease of use. Additionally, they also reported their views on affordances and drawbacks of augmented reality technology for language learning and teaching purposes. Furthermore, the findings portrayed that new technologies such as AR can be adopted by pre-service teachers once they are given an opportunity to experience.
How Do University L2 Learners Make Use of Mobile Dictionary Apps to Become Autonomous Learners?
Authors: Ma Qing , Yan Jiahao
Published: February 2022

The ability to make good use of mobile dictionary applications (apps) is a key factor of autonomy in language learning. This study investigates how L2 learners use dictionary apps to become autonomous learners when engaging in mobile assisted language learning (MALL). A questionnaire was designed to collect data from more than 200 university students to explore second language (L2) learners' personal experiences with mobile dictionary apps. The results show that dictionary apps not only facilitate students' academic studies, but also become essential to these students' successful language learning. Students enjoy the autonomy of choosing which dictionary app to use, as well as when and where to do so. However, discrepancies exist between the dictionary functions learners use and those they desire, suggesting that future apps could integrate more functions to better fit learners' needs and help them become autonomous. Some pedagogical implications are proposed to improve learner autonomy with regard to using mobile dictionary apps.
Counselling During COVID-19
Authors: Amin Rehana , Ara Shabnum , Imtiaz Mehwish
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis that imposed significant risk to the mental health of people. The vulnerable populations like healthcare workers, frontline workers, children, elderly, and pregnant females were at a greater risk of developing mental health problems. The administration of early counselling before overt signs of mental disorders will help in preventing morbidity and provide better opportunities to work in a crisis situation. Teleconsultation is a helping hand when visiting in person can prove dangerous. Digital networking systems proved a tremendous help during restrictions implemented to curtail the spread of infection.
Community College Student Preferences for Support When Classes Go Online
Authors: Hamilton William , Hamilton Gabriela
Published: February 2022

As colleges and universities shifted the bulk of their classes online in response to COVID-19, there was also a concomitant shift in how students could be supported by institutions. Yet, very little is known about the support networks that students tap into when confronted with such change, and there is reason to believe that students' ability to access and benefit from online support structures—and the social connections they make—might be moderated by their digital skills and competencies. The purpose of this chapter is to better understand what support networks students preferred to access when classes moved online, and whether techno-capital, a measure of digital skills and knowledge, influenced these choices. This chapter summarizes research findings from multivariate regression models that used student data collected from a community college in the USA, just after the classes migrated online. The chapter concludes with recommendations based on this research.
Student Experience on Using Social Media as an Educational Platform During COVID-19
Authors: Talukder Wahida Islam
Published: February 2022

During this pandemic period of COVID-19, the role of social media and the education sector is changing. This chapter concentrated on the impact of social media education on students' mental health and academic careers in Bangladesh. Students were concerned about their future and the study gap after beginning online education, which resulted in stress and a strain on their mental health. Social media as an educational platform has opened up many doors and changed students' perceptions that it is providing the best possible options for them while also having a positive impact on their mental health. The study will help people understand the role of social media in creating a balancing situation for students.