bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Hydrodynamic Testing to Assess the Performance of Five Fouling Control Coatings Immersed at Two Field Sites along the East Coast of Florida
Authors: Hunsucker J. Travis , Gardner Harrison , Swain Geoffrey
Published: January 2022

Static immersion studies are commonly used to assess the performance of fouling control coatings. While these tests provide valuable data, it is also of importance to understand the drag forces associated with the accrued fouling communities and the velocities required for fouling removal. Combining the measurements of hydrodynamic testing with those from static immersion testing can help in predicting the performance of coatings prior to their consideration for use on Navy vessels. Replicates of five commercially available coatings (three fouling release coatings and two biocide based coatings) were deployed at two static immersion test sites located along the east coast of Florida (Port Canaveral and Sebastian Inlet). After four months of immersion, the panels were removed, photographed, subjected to known water velocities in a high-speed boat modified for hydrodynamic testing. Each panel was run at 5 m/s for 10 minutes, photographed, and then run at 10 m/s for 10 minutes. The drag forces were measured at speeds of 3, 6, 8.8 and 10 m/s for 1 minute each. Photographs taken before, during, and after hydrodynamic testing were also visually analyzed. After testing adhesion measurements were taken to determine the attachment strength of any hard fouling organisms which remained on the panels. The data collected from this series of tests, enabled the fouling control and fouling release properties of each coating to be characterized.
Lessons Learned from Full-Scale Seakeeping Trial Acceleration Data for HighSpeed Planing Craft and Implications for Scale Model Testing
Authors: Riley Michael R. , Coats Timothy
Published: January 2022

This paper summarizes lessons learned from analyzing acceleration data recorded during full-scale seakeeping trials of high speed craft. Applications using a consistent maximum wave impact load approach in different areas of interest, including hull structure, shock isolation seat evaluation, and equipment ruggedness criteria are presented. The lessons learned and the maximum load applications suggest that there are implications for scale model testing and computational fluid dynamics.
Performance Improvements in Oceanographic Survey Ship USNS SUMNER (TAGS 61)
Authors: Park Joel T. , Griggs Douglas B. , Rossignol Grant A.
Published: January 2022

Data are presented on the performance trials of the USNS SUMNER with a comparison of ship performance before and after the addition of a skeg. The USNS SUMNER (T-AGS 61) was one of six T-AGS 60 (PATHFINDER) Class oceanographic survey ships operated by the Military Sealift Command (MSC) for the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The primary mission of these ships is to conduct surveys of ocean bottom regions. The T-AGS 60 Class ships are mono-hulls with wide, flat stern areas that provide very little lateral projected surface area. Previous model tests and ship trials of USNS MARY SEARS (T-AGS 65) demonstrated that the ship is directionally unstable. The addition of a skeg improved directional stability of the model and MARY SEARS. Spiral maneuvers with the USNS SUMNER demonstrated similar results in pre- and post-test trials. Details of the performance calculations of the USNS SUMNER are provided with uncertainty estimates. By comparison of the ship data without the skeg to the data with the skeg, the relative difference in power averaged 28 % higher without the skeg over a speed range of 4 – 15 knots. The average speed is 6.5 % lower for the ship without the skeg at the same shaft speed.
Can Tests for Planing Craft Structural Design Accelerations Be Simplified?
Authors: Jacobson Donald
Published: January 2022

A series of papers derived from ONR funded efforts to standardize high performance craft acceleration data have been authored by personnel at Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Det Norfolk Combatant Craft Division (CCD) in recent years. These papers proposed vertical acceleration data collection, analysis, and presentation approaches; noted the repeatability of a characteristic shape for individual acceleration events; characterized and compared impact types; and noted a relationship between the statistical value “average of the one-tenth highest vertical acceleration at the longitudinal center of gravity” and the equivalent static acceleration (ESG) for the half sine approximation of the single highest peak in a test dataset. When knowledge of this ESG relationship is coupled with standard structural design approaches, a provocative hypothesis follows, which may have substantial implications for model testing.
Maneuvering and Seakeeping Basin Wave Characterization Study
Authors: Quintero Miguel , Lee Samantha
Published: January 2022

A series of experiments aimed at characterizing the wavefield generated by the new multi-directional wave making system in the Maneuvering and Seakeeping (MASK) Basin at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in West Bethesda, MD are described. These experiments were focused on the repeatability of phase resolved seaways, the spatial variability of wave parameters throughout the basin, and the stationarity of the wavefield over the span of 2 hours. Two different wave spectra were run repeatedly over a two week test window covering 21 discrete locations with one fixed array of sensors as a control. The results from the test show that when sampling at the same location and running the same wave condition, the phase resolved seaway exhibits a coherence of over 95% between 0.25 and 0.75 Hz. The spatial variability of the wave statistics proved to be within 5% of the average values throughout the tank, with a larger deviation over the 35ft deep trench section.
Development of a New Federally Funded Wind/Wave/Towing Basin to Support the Offshore Renewable Energy Industry
Authors: Cole Alexander , Fowler Matthew , Zangeneh Razieh , Viselli Anthony
Published: January 2022

This paper presents technical details for a unique newly constructed model testing facility for offshore renewable energy devices and other structures established through federal and state funding. The University of Maine (UMaine) has been an active contributor to research in the field of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) design and scale-model testing for the past 6 years. Due to a lack of appropriate test facilities in the United States, UMaine has led multiple 1:50 scale-model tests of FOWT platforms internationally, leading to the motivation to design and build a state-of-the-art test facility at UMaine which includes high-quality wind generation with waves and towing capabilities. In November of 2015, UMaine opened the Alfond Wind/Wave Ocean Engineering Laboratory (W2) at the Advanced Structures and Composites Center. This facility, shown in Figure 1, contains a 30m long x 9m wide x 0-4.5m variable floor depth test basin with a 16-paddle wave maker at one end and a parabolic wave attenuating beach at the other. This basin is unique in that it integrates a rotatable open-jet wind tunnel over the basin that is capable of simulating high-quality wind fields in excess of 10 m/s over a large test area. Since opening, the W2 has provided testing for various scale-model FOWT designs, oil and gas vessels such as a scale-model floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel, and a large number of wave energy conversion (WEC) devices in support of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Wave Energy Prize. In addition to scalemodel testing, the W2 facility supports a wide range of model construction equipment including a 2.0m x 4.0m x 0.1m tall 3D CNC waterjet, a 3m long x 1.5m wide x 1.4m tall 5-axis CNC router, and an additive manufacturing facility housing a 0.6m x 0.6m x 0.9m 3D printer. To expand the capability of W2, a towing system is currently being designed to operate in conjunction with the multi-directional wave maker, which is shown in Figure 5. This equipment will provide bi-directional towing for a variety of applications. In addition to standard resistance testing, the broad aspect ratio of the basin provides reduced blockage effects while the multi-directional wave maker allows for tow testing a large number of wave environments and headings. The moving floor enables intermediate to shallow water tow tank tests, which are important for capturing the wave kinematics applicable to coastal environments, while the relatively deep water depths support testing of large structures such as tidal turbines and tow-out operations for THE 30th AMERICAN TOWING TANK CONFERENCE WEST BETHESDA, MARYLAND, OCTOBER 2017 2 large offshore structures such as wind and wave floating energy platforms. To test the capabilities of this system, UMaine is constructing a 1:50-scale model of the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) 5415 to perform commissioning tests. The towing system is planned to be operational in 2018.
Ship Hull Optimization using Modal Shape Design Variables
Authors: Mavridou Sofia , Pennington Joshua , Walker Stuart
Published: January 2022

Design optimization of external fluid flow is a topic of active research. The paper presents a shape optimization scheme using the commercial computational fluid dynamics solver, AcuSolve. The optimal ship hull shape to minimize the flow drag is computed using an innovative algorithm based on control theory. A gradient method is used to minimize the drag on a ship hull constrained by the Navier Stokes solution.
Efficient sampling for extreme event statistics of the wave loads on an offshore platform
Authors: Mohamad Mustafa A. , Sapsis Themistoklis P.
Published: January 2022

We develop a method for the evaluation of extreme event statistics associated with nonlinear dynamical systems, using a very small number of samples. From an initial dataset of design points, we formulate a sequential strategy that provides the ‘next-best’ data point (set of parameters) that when evaluated results in improved estimates of the probability density function (pdf) for a scalar quantity of interest. The approach utilizes Gaussian process regression to perform Bayesian inference on the parameter-to-observation map describing the quantity of interest. We then approximate the desired pdf along with uncertainty bounds utilizing the posterior distribution of the inferred map. The ‘next-best’ design point is sequentially determined through an optimization procedure that selects the point in parameter space that maximally reduces uncertainty between the estimated bounds of the pdf prediction. Since the optimization process utilizes only information from the inferred map it has minimal computational cost. Moreover, the special form of the criterion emphasizes the tails of the pdf. The method is applied to estimate the extreme event statistics for a very high-dimensional system with millions degrees of freedom: an offshore platform subjected to three-dimensional irregular waves. It is demonstrated that the developed approach can accurately determine the extreme event statistics using orders of magnitude smaller number of samples compared with traditional approaches.
Write Us into the Story
Authors: Sweeney Shelley , Avery Cheryl
Published: January 2022

Archivists need to increase public understanding, support, and engagement in archives to enable archives to fulfil their missions. As one way to increase support, archives have increasingly carved out time and resources for various types of outreach. One important audience that has long been acknowledged is children. In the past, archivists have visited classrooms, brought children to archives, and prepared kits of archival facsimiles or surrogates on websites for children to use with the guidance of teachers. But another way to reach children includes narratives in books, films, and television directed at children. This article explores a number of titles to see whether archives and archivists are accurately portrayed in the narratives. The numbers are few, and the portrayals are generally weak. Two exceptions were books created by an archivist and commissioned by an archives. These two approaches led to significant works that enhance children’s understanding of archives and archivists and lead the way as examples for future archival endeavours to emulate.
Increasing stimulus similarity drives nonmonotonic representational change in hippocampus
Authors: Wammes Jeffrey , Norman Kenneth A , Turk-Browne Nicholas
Published: January 2022

Studies of hippocampal learning have obtained seemingly contradictory results, with manipulations that increase coactivation of memories sometimes leading to differentiation of these memories, but sometimes not. These results could potentially be reconciled using the nonmonotonic plasticity hypothesis, which posits that representational change (memories moving apart or together) is a U-shaped function of the coactivation of these memories during learning. Testing this hypothesis requires manipulating coactivation over a wide enough range to reveal the full U-shape. To accomplish this, we used a novel neural network image synthesis procedure to create pairs of stimuli that varied parametrically in their similarity in high-level visual regions that provide input to the hippocampus. Sequences of these pairs were shown to human participants during high-resolution fMRI. As predicted, learning changed the representations of paired images in the dentate gyrus as a U-shaped function of image similarity, with neural differentiation occurring only for moderately similar images.
Cavefish cope with environmental hypoxia by developing more erythrocytes and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible genes
Authors: van der Weele Corine M , Jeffery William R
Published: January 2022

Dark caves lacking primary productivity can expose subterranean animals to hypoxia. We used the surface-dwelling (surface fish) and cave-dwelling (cavefish) morphs of Astyanax mexicanus as a model for understanding the mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in the cave environment. Primitive hematopoiesis, which is restricted to the posterior lateral mesoderm in other teleosts, also occurs in the anterior lateral mesoderm in Astyanax, potentially pre-adapting surface fish for hypoxic cave colonization. Cavefish have enlarged both hematopoietic domains and develop more erythrocytes than surface fish, which are required for normal development in both morphs. Laboratory-induced hypoxia suppresses growth in surface fish but not in cavefish. Both morphs respond to hypoxia by overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif1) pathway genes, and some hif1 genes are constitutively upregulated in normoxic cavefish to similar levels as in hypoxic surface fish. We conclude that cavefish cope with hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte development and constitutive hif1 gene overexpression.
Tracking cell lineages in 3D by incremental deep learning
Authors: Sugawara Ko , Çevrim Çağrı , Averof Michalis
Published: January 2022

Deep learning is emerging as a powerful approach for bioimage analysis. Its use in cell tracking is limited by the scarcity of annotated data for the training of deep-learning models. Moreover, annotation, training, prediction, and proofreading currently lack a unified user interface. We present ELEPHANT, an interactive platform for 3D cell tracking that addresses these challenges by taking an incremental approach to deep learning. ELEPHANT provides an interface that seamlessly integrates cell track annotation, deep learning, prediction, and proofreading. This enables users to implement cycles of incremental learning starting from a few annotated nuclei. Successive prediction-validation cycles enrich the training data, leading to rapid improvements in tracking performance. We test the software’s performance against state-of-the-art methods and track lineages spanning the entire course of leg regeneration in a crustacean over 1 week (504 timepoints). ELEPHANT yields accurate, fully-validated cell lineages with a modest investment in time and effort.
Functional profiling of long intergenic non-coding RNAs in fission yeast
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Maria , Anver Shajahan , Cotobal Cristina , Kamrad Stephan , Malecki Michal , Correia-Melo Clara , Hoti Mimoza , Townsend StJohn , Marguerat Samuel , Pong Sheng Kai , Wu Mary Y , Montemayor Luis , Howell Michael , Ralser Markus , Bähler Jürg
Published: January 2022

Eukaryotic genomes express numerous long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) that do not overlap any coding genes. Some lincRNAs function in various aspects of gene regulation, but it is not clear in general to what extent lincRNAs contribute to the information flow from genotype to phenotype. To explore this question, we systematically analysed cellular roles of lincRNAs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using seamless CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, we deleted 141 lincRNA genes to broadly phenotype these mutants, together with 238 diverse coding-gene mutants for functional context. We applied high-throughput colony-based assays to determine mutant growth and viability in benign conditions and in response to 145 different nutrient, drug, and stress conditions. These analyses uncovered phenotypes for 47.5% of the lincRNAs and 96% of the protein-coding genes. For 110 lincRNA mutants, we also performed high-throughput microscopy and flow cytometry assays, linking 37% of these lincRNAs with cell-size and/or cell-cycle control. With all assays combined, we detected phenotypes for 84 (59.6%) of all lincRNA deletion mutants tested. For complementary functional inference, we analysed colony growth of strains ectopically overexpressing 113 lincRNA genes under 47 different conditions. Of these overexpression strains, 102 (90.3%) showed altered growth under certain conditions. Clustering analyses provided further functional clues and relationships for some of the lincRNAs. These rich phenomics datasets associate lincRNA mutants with hundreds of phenotypes, indicating that most of the lincRNAs analysed exert cellular functions in specific environmental or physiological contexts. This study provides groundwork to further dissect the roles of these lincRNAs in the relevant conditions.
LSB-based pre-embedding video steganography with rotating & shifting poly-pattern block matrix
Authors: Hacimurtazaoglu Murat , Tutuncu Kemal
Published: January 2022

Background

In terms of data-hiding areas, video steganography is more advantageous compared to other steganography techniques since it uses video as its cover medium. For any video steganography, the good trade-off among robustness, imperceptibility, and payload must be created and maintained. Even though it has the advantage of capacity, video steganography has the robustness problem especially regarding spatial domain is used to implement it. Transformation operations and statistical attacks can harm secret data. Thus, the ideal video steganography technique must provide high imperceptibility, high payload, and resistance towards visual, statistical and transformation-based steganalysis attacks.

Methods

One of the most common spatial methods for hiding data within the cover medium is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. In this study, an LSB-based video steganography application that uses a poly-pattern key block matrix (KBM) as the key was proposed. The key is a 64 × 64 pixel block matrix that consists of 16 sub-pattern blocks with a pixel size of 16 × 16. To increase the security of the proposed approach, sub-patterns in the KBM are allowed to shift in four directions and rotate up to 270° depending on the user preference and logical operations. For additional security XOR and AND logical operations were used to determine whether to choose the next predetermined 64 × 64 pixel block or jump to another pixel block in the cover video frame to place a KBM to embed the secret data. The fact that the combination of variable KBM structure and logical operator for the secret data embedding distinguishes the proposed algorithm from previous video steganography studies conducted with LSB-based approaches.

Results

Mean Squared Error (MSE), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) parameters were calculated for the detection of the imperceptibility (or the resistance against visual attacks ) of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm obtained the best MSE, SSIM and PSNR parameter values based on the secret message length as 0.00066, 0.99999, 80.01458 dB for 42.8 Kb of secret message and 0.00173, 0.99999, 75.72723 dB for 109 Kb of secret message, respectively. These results are better than the results of classic LSB and the studies conducted with LSB-based video steganography approaches in the literature. Since the proposed system allows an equal amount of data embedding in each video frame the data loss will be less in transformation operations. The lost data can be easily obtained from the entire text with natural language processing. The variable structure of the KBM, logical operators and extra security preventions makes the proposed system be more secure and complex. This increases the unpredictability and resistance against statistical attacks. Thus, the proposed method provides high imperceptibility and resistance towards visual, statistical and transformation-based attacks while acceptable even high payload.
The Music, Dramatic Structure and Characters of Selman Ada's Aşk-ı Memnu Opera
Authors: YÜKSEL Bülent
Published: January 2022

İlk “gerçek” Türk romanı ve edebiyatımızın şaheserlerinden biri olan Aşk-ı Memnu, ülkemizin en önemli sanatçılarından Tarık Günersel ve Selman Ada’nın ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Bu romandan hareketle, Tarık Günersel’in yeni bir kurgu
ve olay örgüsüyle yazdığı libretto; ülkemizin opera alanındaki en değerli bestecilerinin başında gelen Selman Ada tarafından ezgisel bir yaklaşım ve özgün bir müzik diliyle bestelenmiştir. Aşk-ı Memnu operasının müzik, dramatik
yapı ve karakterler çerçevesinde incelenmesi bu araştırmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, Aşk-ı Memnu operasının bu çerçevede incelendiği bir çalışma bulunamamıştır. Bu husus araştırmanın problem durumunu
oluşturmaktadır. Ulusal opera repertuvarımıza büyük katkı sağlayan ve edebiyatımızın en önemli yapıtlarından biri ile “komşuluk” ve “akrabalık” bağı kuran Aşk-ı Memnu operasını mercek altına alan bu çalışmanın, opera alanında eser
vermek isteyen besteciler ve ulusal müziğimizin gelişmesinde rol oynayacak tüm araştırmacılar için bilgi kaynağı olması bakımından önemli olacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı Aşk-ı Memnu operasını aynı
adlı roman ile karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyerek, farklılıkları ve librettoda vurgulanan hususları ortaya çıkarmak; dramatik yapısı, karakterleri ve müziğini inceleyerek literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Nitel araştırma yönteminden
yararlanılan bu çalışmada, “doküman inceleme” yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler; “betimsel” ve “içerik” veri analiz teknikleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Partisyonu temel alınarak Opera’nın müziği, librettosu temel alınarak ise dramatik
yapı ve karakterlerin özellikleri çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda; Tarık Günersel’in yazdığı librettoda, dönemi gereği Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil’in değinemediği toplumsal ve siyasî konulara değinildiği görülür. Baskıcı yönetim açık
açık vurgulanır. Selman Ada’nın, Aşk-ı Memnu operasında, Batı müziği ve Türk müziğinin sağladığı imkânları ortak paydada ustaca birleştirdiği görülür. Olay örgüsü ile uyumlu bir şekilde ilerleyen, dramayı ve duyguları destekleyen
bir müzikal yaklaşımın gözetildiği söylenebilir. Melodist yaklaşım ve Türk müziğine ait unsurlar, Opera’nın takip edilmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Aryaların diğer operalara kıyasla sayıca fazlalığı dikkat çekicidir.
The Armenians of Ankara: The Surp Asdvadzadzın Monastery
Authors: KÜÇÜKHASKÖYLÜ Nurdan
Published: January 2022

yüzyıldan itibaren özellikle dokuma sektörüne bağlı olarak gelişen Ankara’da ekonomik yaşam canlanmış, buna bağlı olarak Avrupalı tüccarlara aracılık eden Ermenilerin nüfusu giderek artmıştır. 18. - 19. yüzyıllarda misyoner rahiplerin
faaliyetleri sonucu şehirde çok sayıda aile Katolikliğe geçmiş ve Ankara Ermenileri Gregoryen, Katolik ve Protestan olarak ayrılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın konusunu, gezginlerin sıkça bahsettiği Gregoryen Ermeni manastırı oluşturmaktadır.
Şimdiye kadar hakkında monografik bir çalışma yapılmayan ve günümüze gelmeyen söz konusu manastır, “Ankara Surp Asdvadzadzin (Meryem Ana) Vankı”, "Saint Marie”, “Garmir Manastır (Kırmızı Manastır)” gibi farklı isimlerle anılmış
ve Ankara’nın kutsal bir yer olması nedeniyle önemli bir ruhani merkez olmuştur. 1914 yılında halen faaliyette olduğu bilinen Surp Asdvadzadzin’in Batı ve Orta Anadolu’nun en eski Ermeni manastırı olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu manastırın
ilk nüvelerinin 12. yüzyılda oluştuğu tahmin edilse de bu konuda kesin bir veri yoktur. Asıl yapı topluluğu 18. yüzyıl ortalarında yapılmış veya yenilenmiştir. Meryem Ana’ya adanan ve Çubuk Çayı kıyısına yapılan manastır bugünkü
Etlik semti civarına yapılmıştır. 18.-19. yüzyıl gezginleri, yapının şehir dışında olduğunu vurgulamış, çevresinde tarımla uğraşıldığından, meyve ağaçları yetiştirildiğinden söz etmişlerdir. 1915 tarihinden itibaren I. Dünya Savaşı
esirlerinin toplandığı bir “esir kampı” haline getirilen yapı topluluğu, sonrasında yıkılmış veya yanmıştır. Surp Asdvadzadzin’den günümüze bir şey kalmamıştır fakat söz konusu manastıra yer veren resimler ve gravürler yapı hakkında
önemli verilen sunmaktadır. Burada; Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi belgeleri, misyoner raporları, gezginlerin günlükleri, Ermeni kaynakları, dönem gazeteleri, resimler, gravürler, fotoğraflar, kartpostallar gibi kaynakların sunduklarıyla
sadece aslında yok olmuş bir yapı topluluğu değerlendirilmemiş, çok yönlü bir şehir tarihinin okunması amaçlanmıştır.
One Artist, Two Minbars: Reflections on the Minbars of Manisa Ulu Mosque (1376) and Bursa Ulu Mosque (1399)
Authors: KÜSKÜ Sema
Published: January 2022

Farklı etkenlerin biçimlendirdiği siyasal ve sosyal ortamda ortaya çıkan beyliklerden konumuzu oluşturan ikisi, Osmanoğulları (1299-1923) ile Saruhanoğulları’dır (1300-1410). Kuruldukları ilk andan itibaren zaman zaman ittifaklar kuran
bu beyliklerin birbirleri ile sürekli bir rekabet halinde oldukları bilinir. Bu rekabet dünyası imar faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra sultanların sanatçı seçimlerini de etkilemiştir. Hatta banilerin sanatçı tercihleri güç gösterisi ve
kendini ifade etme aracı olarak da kabul edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, güçleri ve başta bulundukları dönemlerin güç dengeleri farklı olsa da, I. Bayezid’in minberini, İshak Çelebi’nin minberinden 23 yıl sonra, aynı sanatçıya yaptırmış
olması anlamlıdır. Bu Antep kökenli sanatçının ismi “amel-i el Hac Muhammed bin Abd-ul Aziz ibn-ül-Daki el- Ayintabi” dir. İshak Çelebi (1359?-1388) ve I. Bayezid’in (1389-1402) baniliğindeki camilere ait olan bu iki minber kalite,
anıtsallık ve işçilik açısından karşılaştırıldığında dönemin daha güçlü kimliğinin sorgulanmasına olanak sağlar. Bilindiği üzere minberler, üzerlerinde hutbe okunması nedeniyle camilerin en siyasi tarafını simgeler. Eğer bu camiler,
Bursa Ulu Cami ve Manisa Ulu Cami örneklerinde olduğu gibi başkentin merkezinde konumlandırılan birer sultan camisi ise minberin siyasi yönü “imgeye” dönüşür. Bu nedenle minberlerin anıtsallığı ve sanatsal inceliği çok önemlidir.
Anıtsallık ve sanatsal inceliğe ek olarak, bu minberlerde “imgeye” gönderme yapan bir diğer önemli veri ise bani kitabeleridir. Sözü edilen camilerin minberleri dışında diğer mimari unsurları da (plan şeması, malzeme-teknik özellikleri,
cephe tasarımları ve anıtsallıkları gibi) dönemin güçlü siyasi kişiliğini belgeleyecek özellikler yansıtır. Bu nedenle amacımız, gücün mimariye yansıma şeklini bu iki minber aracılığıyla irdeleyerek, sözü edilen iki beylik kapsamında
dönemin tarihsel ve siyasi yapısını okumaya çalışmaktır.
Preservation and Sustainability of Traditional Rural Areas Which Were Ethnically Diverse in the Past: Example of the Village of Germuş in Şanlıurfa
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Sümeyra , DALKILIÇ Neslihan
Published: January 2022

The village of Germuş is an old settlement which is today registered as a neighborhood under the town of Haliliye in the city of Şanlıurfa. It was an Armenian village in the 1900s and it remained abandoned for a while after the Armenians
immigrated to Mosul and Aleppo in 1915. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, the village was donated by Atatürk to Iraqi Uceymi Sadun Pasha, who contributed greatly to the liberation of Urfa. The village of Germuş is
important not only because of its archaeological sites, its church, and traditional house fabric but also for the continuity of the village life which is remarkable in terms of social sustainability. Germus Village has entered
a period of rapid deterioration today. For this reason, it is of great importance to protect and sustain it and transfer it to future generations. The purpose of this article is to document the tangible and intangible cultural
heritage values and conservation problems of the Germus Village, which has not undergone comprehensive conservation-documentation work, and to provide some suggestions for the protection and sustainability of the heritage of the
village. The first step of this research was to document the history of the village from written and oral sources through observations and interviews. In the second stage, traditional buildings in the village were identified and
documented, and conservation problems were determined. In the third stage, some solutions for the protection and sustainability of the historical rural fabric have been suggested. The results of this study will contribute to the
documentation and sustainability of the cultural heritage and the plans for preservation of this heritage.
Repair Conditions of Waqf Buildings in the Waqfiyyas of the Ottoman Period
Authors: AKAR Tuba
Published: January 2022

Waqf, which is an Islamic institution, in general, can be defined as the allocation of private property for the eternal use of public with the aim of religion and charity. In doing so, while the individual gets religious, social, political,
and economical benefits, the state’s responsibilities of providing for public and social necessities of the society are made available in spaces such as külliyes, mosques, medreses, hans, baths, shops etc. which were built through
the waqf institution. With the act of waqf, the property is no longer a private property; it becomes the property of God and it gains an untouchable character. Considering these features, the eternity of waqf is primarily aimed.
The continuity of the waqf, whose physical presence comes into existence with architectural spaces of various qualities, is ensured by the continuity of these spaces. Therefore, the stipulations and necessities for the repair of
buildings were determined by the waqf founders and documented in their waqfiyyas. This paper aims to examine the role of waqfs in the conservation of waqf buildings through the repair conditions found in waqfiyyas formed in the
Ottoman era. With this aim when the repair conditions in the waqfiyyas are examined, it has been seen that the repair of waqf buildings is always a priority condition. In order to achieve this, it was stipulated that monetary resources
should primarily be spent on the repair of waqf buildings. In addition, it is seen that the personnel who would do the repair works were also employed by the founder of the waqf in order for the repairs to be carried out continuously
and urgently. As a result, it was seen that waqf founders have included all kinds of material and moral conditions for the conservation of waqf buildings in their waqfiyyas in order to ensure the continuity of their waqfs.
Impact of Structured Patient Education and Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on the Disability Profile of Conservatively Treated Medically Stable Postmyocardial Infarction Individuals: A Protocol
Authors: Jaiswal Varoon Chandramohan , Parmar Lata , Ghodey Snehal
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation and patient education are the two parallel components in the management of coronary heart disease. Although, it is recommended strongly to join an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program, the enrollment rates are always low. The role of structured patient education in increasing the enrollment in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program and its impact on the disability profile of conservatively treated medically stable postmyocardial infarction individuals, after joining and completing the rehabilitation program has not been studied. Aim: To study the impact of structured patient education and outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program on the disability profile of conservatively treated medically stable postmyocardial infarction individuals. Materials and Methods: The study is a mixed method design and will be conducted in two steps. Step 1: It is a qualitative study in which a structured patient education program will be developed based on the framework given by the working Group of Exercise Rehabilitation and Sports (GERS). Step 2: Implementation of the developed program and an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in an open-label non randomised clinical trial. Conclusion: The findings of this study will evaluate the need for the development of structured patient education programs for coronary artery disease patients, which may increase the enrollment rates in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs and thereby, reducing their disability.
Influence of Different Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Levels on Yield and Economics of High-density Cotton
Authors: Lavanya N. , Laxminarayana P. , Devi K. B. Suneetha , Jayasree G. , Prayaga Lakshmi
Published: January 2022

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different drip irrigation and fertigation levels on yield and economics of high-density cotton at College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, during kharif 2019 and 2020. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments laid out in Factorial randomised block design (FRBD) replicated thrice.  Three irrigation levels (irrigation scheduled at 0.6 [I1], 0.8 [I2] and 1.0 [I3] Epan throughout the crop growth period) and four fertigation levels (application of 100% RDNK in differential dosage as per recommendation [F1], application of 100% RDNK in differential dosage as per crop coefficient curve [F2], application of 125% RDNK in differential dosage as per recommendation [F3], and application of 125% RDNK in differential dosage as per crop coefficient curve [F4],) were included as treatments in this study.    Irrigation levels did not show any significant influence on yield and economics during 2020 and 2021. While among the four fertigation levels, application of 125% RDNK in differential dosage as per crop coefficient curve (F4) recorded significantly higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio which were on par with application of 125% RDNK in differential dosage as per recommendation (F3). Lower gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were obtained with the application of 100% RDNK in differential dosage as per recommendation (F1) which were on par with application of 100% RDNK in differential dosage as per crop coefficient curve during both the seasons (F2). Further the gross returns and net returns produced under F3 was also on par with F2.
The Influence of Basalt Powder on the Physicochemical Properties of Impoverished Oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa - Cameroon)
Authors: Adoulko Dalil , Basga Simon Djakba , Tchameni Rigobert , Nguetnkam Jean Pierre
Published: January 2022

The present study aims at assessing the fertilizing potential of basalts on impoverished oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon). This specifically involves the application of finely ground basalts on impoverished oxisoils and monitoring changes in physicochemical properties during six months. An experimental design which consisted in a randomized complete block design is constituted of three series of four treatments each one: the control (ST), the control soil mixed with 100 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_10), the control soil mixed with 200 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_20), the control soil mixed with 300 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_30). Each treatment was replicated ten times in every serie. The control treatment is only soils of Ng, collected at the top soil and without any basalt application. They are clayey, acid and display an average CEC. The basalt is rich in silica (47.52%), Calcium (8.22%), Magnesium (4.03%), sodium (4.01%), potassium (2.42%) and displays average content in alumina (16.54%) and iron (11.1%). The experiment was carried out in pots, and the incubated soil samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months. The analyzes mainly focused on the physicochemical parameters (Grain size analysis, pH, Cation exchange capacity (CEC), the sum of exchangeable bases (SBE) and the saturation rate (V). Obtained results indicated that the application of basalt greatly improved the chemical properties of oxisoils from Ngaoundéré: the pH changes from acidic (5.5) to weakly acidic (6.5); the saturation rate, as well as the sum of exchangeable bases and the cation exchange capacity increased. Physicochemical properties of the soil are closely accompanied by an increase in fertility. It appears that 10 and 20% treatments are the most efficient treatments. Thus, the basalts from Manwi can be recommended as petrofertilizer to improve the chemical properties of impoverished soils and especially for plants requiring alkalis and alkaline earth.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Wound Complications in Type II Diabetic Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Tayyab Abdul Samad , Qurban Maria , Mazhar Maryam , Tayyab Zaid , Tahir Mariam , Tayyab Zain
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Poorly controlled type II diabetes is associated with an array of micro-vascular, macro-vascular, and neuropathic complications.

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the frequency of wound complications in type II diabetic patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in THQ haveli lakha, Okara with the collaboration of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during March 2021 to August 2021. The data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. There were 120 patients which were enrolled in this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A systematically designed questionnaire was made for the collection of data.

Results: The data was collected from 120 patients. The mean age was 55.5± 2.57 years. Most of the particpants was male (51.1%), non-smokers (95.6%) and didn't have hypertension (67.8%). The mean time of diabetes mellitus was 6.1±5.6 a long time. The majority didn't have neuropathy (81.1%), peripheral strokes (90.0%), pre-ulcerous states (90.0%), insensitive (89.9%), crevices on feet (64.4%), nail pathology (97.1%), injury disfigurement (93.3%) or incapacity (94.4%).

Conclusion: It is concluded that it is difficult to treat the wound complication in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of postoperative surgical site infection while undergoing open surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has no increased morbidity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.
A Rare Case of Dengue Fever with Abducens Nerve Palsy
Authors: Bharathi Pon Divya , Manimekalai P. , Vinatha M. C. , Lokchaitanya Pujari , Sainadh Nandhyala Durga Venkata
Published: January 2022

Dengue fever is one of the most common vector borne disease which is a viral infection transmitted by aedes mosquito. Most common in the tropical countries. Neurological manifestations are not commonly seen in dengue, it can present as encephalitis, encephalopathy, neuromuscular disorders and neuro-ocular disorders. Cranial mononeuropathy is a very exceptional manifestation. A 48-year-old Indian male was diagnosed with dengue, complicated with isolated unilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy. The patient was managed conservatively. Patient made a fast and full ocular recovery following treatment with methyl prednisolone. Hence, dengue can present with a cranial nerve palsy and the recovery process can be hasten with the use of corticosteroids.
Crisis in Sickle Cell Disease: Review Article
Authors: Saqqaf Syed Athhar , Borkar Rajendra
Published: January 2022

Sickle cell disease is a very common inherited disorder of the hemoglobin. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Most affected are the people of African, Indian and Arabian origin. It occurs due to change in the single base pair gene wherein thymine replaces adenine in the 6th codon of the beta-globin gene. This result in the sickling shape of the red blood cells. Sickle cell disease includes a variety of phenotypes like the SS, AS, Sickle-thal, SC patterns, etc. Sickle cell- SS pattern also termed as sickle cell anemia is the most common of form of the disorder and is also responsible for the morbidity and mortality caused by the disorder. The sickling pattern of the red blood cells occludes the blood vessels and leads to a wide range of complication in the affected individuals. These complications can be seen in number of different systems of the body and also multiple systems at the same time. These complications are termed as crisis, which then include the vaso-occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration crisis, etc. These crises can negatively affect the quality of life to a large effect, but are also largely controllable or rather delayed and effectively managed as far as possible with reduced effect in the normal well being. Hence the knowledge about these crisis and their treatment is an important aspect of medical practice, especially in the countries where this disorder is commonly seen. Here in this review article we aim to highlight the major crises seen in sickle cell disease and their treatment in brief.
Phytochemical Analysis of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi
Authors: Joshi Yamini , Jain B. K.
Published: January 2022

Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi (family zygophyllaceae) is plant of desert region .In Gujarat it is found on the coastal area of Dwarka, Bet Dwarka and Rann of Kachcha. It is locally called dhamasia or dhamaso. Plants parts including leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, barks, flowers, fruits, grains or seeds which can be employed in the control or treatment of infectious disease which causes damage to the respiratory system, urinary tract, gastrointestinal and bilary systems and on the skin. The plant parts contain chemical components that are medically active. Tribal people living in desert region use this plant to cure number of ailments such as skin eruptions, skin diseases, anti- pyretic, in pain relief, in heal sores, ear infection, venereal diseases etc. In the new era of science and technology there is increasing need to validate the claims of traditional knowledge database for safe, easily available, cheap, side- effect free healthcare provisions. In the present study preliminary phytochemical analysis of plant parts of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi was done by the standard method of Sofowora, 1982; Trease & Evans, 1989 method, which confirms the presence of alkaloids, tannin, saponin, terpinoid and steroids. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography method was developed using mobile phase containing Chloroform: methanol: acetic acid in ratio 70:30:0.2 for detecting phyto-active constituents from the methanolic extracts of the leaf, stem and root of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi. Methanolic extract of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi of leaf, stem, fruit and root detected 8, 8, 7 and 4 numbers of peaks at 254 nm and at 366 nm 10, 12,  13 and 12 numbers of peaks from leaf, stem, fruit and root extract of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi were detected.
Awareness of the Practice and Use of Contact Lenses amongst Students of the Health Faculty at Jazan University during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abuallut Ismail , Hakami Abdulaziz A. , Alameer Mohammed I. , Shami Mohammed O. , Hakami Nasser M. , Khawaji Alfadhel A. , Attiah Abdualrhman , Madkhli Elaf H. , Jareebi Mohammad A. , Hammadah Maryam M. Al , Alkhars Ahmed Z. , Almalki Norah M.
Published: January 2022

Background: Contact lenses are medical devices which are used as an alternative to spectacles to correct problems with eyesight. Poor hygienic handling of these lenses poses an ocular health risk. Increased popularity and usage of contact lenses in combination with insufficient cleanliness results in increased bacterial infections of the eye, even resulting in blindness.

Materials and Methods: We employed a quantitative cross-sectional study, where we used questionnaires to gather data. We conducted the study among students of the Health Faculty at Jazan University where we recruited 361 participants. Using the questionnaires, we assessed the use of contact lenses and the hygiene practice when handling them among the participants. To the best of our knowledge, only one study has been conducted in the Jazan region to assess contact lens awareness and practice, which can be consider as a gap of knowledge that make our study can be consider a vital observation about usage of contact lens in the Jazan region.

Results: We found that 52.6% of the participants use contact lenses. Among those it is predominantly females who use contact lenses, and their motivation is primarily for cosmetic reasons. We further found that the majority of contact lens users exhibit good hygiene practices when handling contact lenses. However, there remains more than a quarter of participants for whom the hygiene practice is poor to moderately good.

Conclusion: The majority of participants 172 (84.7%) had good practice level regarding wearing contact lenses. Considering the significant fraction of participants who showed inadequate hygiene practice, we recommend better information and training for those who use contact lenses. This information and training should be predominantly made available on the internet or through contact lens vendors, as these are the most common information channels among the participants.
Excellent High‐Strain‐Rate Superplasticity of Fine‐Grained ZK60 Magnesium Alloy Produced by Submerged Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Cai Jianheng , Wang Hua , Qiu Cheng , Cao Genghua , Zhang Datong
Published: January 2022

ZK60 magnesium alloy is produced via submerged friction stir processing (SFSP), and its microstructural characteristics and deformation behaviors at elevated temperature are investigated. Due to the severe plastic deformation with enhanced cooling rate, dynamic recrystallization occurs but grain growth is significantly retarded. Therefore, the as‐cast microstructure is greatly refined after SFSP, and an average grain size of 1.84 μm is attained. High‐strain‐rate superplasticity (HSRS) is observed at temperature of 573–723 K. A maximum elongation of 1205% is obtained at 1 × 10−2 s−1 and 673 K. The excellent HSRS is attributed to the uniform fine‐grained structure and the relatively high fraction of high‐angle grain boundaries (71.5%), which facilitate grain boundary sliding. The comparatively high portion of dispersed fine particles/precipitates also enhances the microstructural stability of the SFSP specimens. Grain boundary sliding is the dominated deformation mechanism for superplasticity and the failure of the deformed samples is due to the coalescence of cavities.