bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of endemic bilih fish Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, 1852 in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Triharyuni Setiya , Rahmadi Puji , Puspasari Reny , Rachmawati Puput Fitri , Prianto Eko
Published: December 2022

Bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is an endemic species in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has high economic value, rich in nutrition and as an export commodity. Bilih dominated the catch in Lake Singkarak. The excessive fishing causes fish population decline. There has been an indication of stock decrease and overfishing exploitation status. Fisheries management needs to carry out to maintain the sustainability of bilih fish. This study was conducted to determine the vulnerability status of bilih fish as an information for bilih fish management. Data analysis was carried out using Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA). PSA is a semiquantitative risk assessment method used to assess the impact of fisheries on fish stocks. Based on 11 productivity and 12 susceptibility attributes, this study was conducted. The results showed that the vulnerability index was in the high category (v=2.1) and the productivity parameter value (p=1.3) lower than the susceptibility value (s=2.3), indicating bilih status is vulnerable to over fishing and need to be maintained.
The roles of macroalgae in climate change mitigation: opportunities and challenges for marine-based carbon donor
Authors: Handayani Tri , Zulpikar Firman , Kusnadi Agus
Published: December 2022

Anthropogenic activities will lead to an exponential increase in CO2 emissions in the future. Increased CO2 emissions have an impact on global climate patterns, ocean acidification, and ecosystem function. Marine vegetation has the potential to absorb CO2 through photosynthesis and store carbon in its biomass and sediments. This is known as blue carbon. Research on blue carbon in the world, including Indonesia, is more focused on seagrass and mangroves because including macroalgae carbon in the blue carbon strategy is still controversial. Currently, there are many considerations for including macroalgal carbon in the blue carbon strategy. Macroalgae have a shorter life cycle than seagrass and mangroves. In addition, macroalgae generally grow on hard substrates, resulting in lower levels of carbon storage than seagrass and mangroves. However, macroalgae can serve as carbon donors and contribute to the effort to mitigate climate change. In this review, we present the potential and challenges of macroalgae as carbon donors. Macroalgae will be significant as carbon donors if they have the following three criteria: high production of biomass; effective biomass moved to recipient habitat; and carbon donors that can be buried in recipient habitat. The fate of macroalgae carbon in recipient habitats still needs to be studied.
Capture-based aquaculture of glass eel nurseries, Anguilla bicolor in Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sukardi Purnama , Setyorini Christina Tri , Susilowati Dewi , Warsidi  , Julialevi Karina Odia , Budiarti Laeli , Janah Miftakhul
Published: December 2022

Capture-based aquaculture specially considers the fattening or on-growing of species which is based on the wild-caught seed. The survey was conducted to evaluate the sustainability of eel nurseries based on the catch of glass eels carried out by aquafarmers in Segara Anakan Cilacap, which decreased after the pandemic occurred in this region. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, there were 50 glass eel aqua-culturists, however during and after pandemic there was 29 glass eel aqua-culturists and mostly in Kedungreja District. There were two glass eel nurseries areas in Cilacap, namely around the Serayu and Citanduy rivers. In the east, there are areas of Maos and Kesugihan, while in the west in Kawunganten, Kaliwungu-Kalicengis Kedungreja and Gandrungmangu. The technology of the glass eel nursery was reliable, in the seedling areas, Segara Anakan, where most eels were produced.
Growth patterns and condition factors of the bungo fish, Glossogobius giuris (Buchanan, 1822) in Sidenreng Lake waters, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Kudsiah Hadiratul , Suwarni  , Rahim Sri Wahyuni , Inaku Dwi Fajriyati , Rifa’i Muhammad Ahsin , Haslina Sri
Published: December 2022

Bungo fish is one of the potential fishery resources in Sidenreng Regency, which has decreased due to continuous fishing. Therefore, information on fisheries biology is needed to support the management of Bungo fish resources to create sustainable fishing. This study aims to analyze the growth patterns and condition factors of Bungo fish based on gender, observation time, and gonad maturity level. The use of this research as a source of information on the management of Bungo fish, especially in Lake Sidenreng. This research was conducted for three months, from September to November 2020. Sampling was obtained from 2 Bungo fishers in Sidenreng Lake, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. The number of bungo fish samples obtained during the study was 235, consisting of 163 male Bungo fish and 72 female Bungo fish. Based on the results of research that has been done, the growth pattern of male and female Bungo fish is negative allometric; namely, the increase in body length is faster than the increase in body weight of the fish. The condition factors of male and female Bungo Fish are classified as fish in good condition. The condition factor of bungo fish. Based on the sampling time, male and female Bungo fish in November and September were classified as flat or plump fish, while in October, male and female Bungo fish were classified as flat or not fat. Gonad maturity of male fish has a relatively smaller average condition factor than female fish at the same gonad maturity. The condition factors of male and female Bungo Fish are classified as fish in good condition. The condition factor of bungo fish. Based on the sampling time, male and female Bungo fish in November and September were classified as flat or plump fish, while in October, male and female Bungo fish were classified as flat or not fat. Gonad maturity of male fish has a relatively smaller average condition factor than female fish at the same gonad maturity. The condition factors of male and female Bungo Fish are classified as fish in good condition. The condition factor of bungo fish. Based on the sampling time, male and female Bungo fish in November and September were classified as flat or plump fish, while in October, male and female Bungo fish were classified as flat or not fat. Gonad maturity of male fish has a relatively smaller average condition factor than female fish at the same gonad maturity.
Mangroves in Southeast Aru Marine Protected Area
Authors: Abdullah N M , Fauzi I , Pieterz J
Published: December 2022

Southeast Aru Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a 114,000 hectares reserve-type national conservation area in Arafura Sea, Maluku Province, Indonesia where the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries managed since 2009. Its mangrove is the largest coastal ecosystem which is important for sustainable fisheries and coastal disaster mitigation. The main objective of this study is to understand the condition of mangrove community, its impact on fisheries and threats to its continuity. Stratified random sampling on three plots of 10 m x 10 m and hemispherical photography are employed on 13 observation sites across four zones. Local fishermen are interviewed about their activities related to mangroves. From 13 observation sites, 19 species from 8 families and 10 genera are identified. The average of mangrove density and its canopy coverage were respectively 2,997 stand/ha and 74.66%. These values can be interpreted as in good condition and moderate coverage (KepmenLH 201/2004). Rhizophora mucronate and Sonneratia alba are the two most dominant species in all observation sites. Local fishermen’s activities in the mangrove area are catching crabs, trap-fishing, and cutting mangrove woods for firewood and/or simple non-permanent housing. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Phemphis acidula, Rhizophora mucronate and Ceriops tagal are their favourites.
Study of organic content and grain size sediment that affect water quality in the coastal area adjacent IMTA cages of Menjangan Besar Island, Karimunjawa, Jepara
Authors: Hawarizqi Nuke , Putro Sapto P. , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Helmi Muhammad , Adhy Satriyo
Published: December 2022

The biotic and abiotic parameters of the waters influence each other so that the life of marine biota is greatly supported by the good quality of the aquatic environment. The purpose of this research is to determine the water quality based on physicochemical parameters in the IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) cultivation area compared to the reference area which is ±1 km away on Menjangan Besar Island. The samples were taken in May and December 2019 and taken in two different locations, IMTA and the reference area. Physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity and DO (Dissolved Oxygen), the grain size of the substrate and the content of organic matter C-organic, N-total and phosphate. Based on KEPMEN-LH No. 51 of 2004, the parameters that exceed the threshold are temperature, DO, phosphate and pH, salinity, substrate grain size, C-organic, and N-total values are still below the threshold that supports the life of marine biota. Varied results of physicochemical parameters are influenced by seasons, household waste, and cultivation activities
Impact of processing pre-treatments on color and the level of heavy metal reduction of the green alga Ulva sp.: A preliminary study
Authors: Poeloengasih CD , Prasetyo DJ , Hernawan  , Windarsih A , Khasanah Y , Suryani R , Kumayanjati B , Yulianto P
Published: December 2022

Ulva sp. is an abundant green alga in Gunungkidul waters, Indonesia, considered a source of nourishing food, sought after by food industries. This green alga could be served as a dish, a seasoning, or an ingredient; hence, the assessment of its safety is important. The present study was conducted to reduce heavy metal residues in Ulva sp. collected from Sepanjang beach, Gunungkidul, Indonesia by using two different processing treatments, i.e., washing with citric acid and blanching at various times and seaweed-to-solution ratios. The number of heavy metal residues (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) was determined by Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and visual green color loss was measured by a color spectrophotometer. The result showed that the concentration of As and Cd in the unprocessed sample was higher than SNI 2690:2015 specification for raw seaweed as well as the National Food and Drug Agency of the Government of Indonesia (BPOM Indonesia) permissible limits in food. Washing Ulva sp. with citric acid 0.5% for 10 min in a seaweed-to-solution ratio of 1:20 could reduce the level of as up to 42.53%, whereas washing Ulva sp. with citric acid 0.5% for 15 min in a seaweed-to-solution of 1:10 could reduce the level of Cd up to 96.12%. All processing treatments affected the appearance of Ulva sp. which is indicated by the increase in color differences (ΔE) > 2.
The mortality rate of tiger shrimp Penaeus modonon infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was treated with Mangrove Sonneratia alba extract at various concentrations
Authors: Muliani  , Khairana kadriah Ince Ayu , Tampangallo Bunga Rante , Atmomarsono Muharijadi
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to examine the effect of different concentrations of mangrove leaf S. alba extract which has been challenged with WSSV on the mortality rate of tiger shrimp P. monodon. The plastic container filled with 30 L sterile seawater salinity 30 ppt stocked with 10 pcs of tiger shrimp 15 g in size. Six concentrations of mangrove extract were tested; A). 0.01%; B). 0.1%; C). 1%; D). 10%; E). 100%. F). control (shrimp injected with WSSV suspension without mangrove extract). Each treatment with three replications. The WSSV suspension was mixed with mangrove extract (from boiling 1 kg of fresh leaves of S. alba in 5 L of water cooked to 2.5 L) according to the treatment with a ratio of 1:2 and incubated at a temperature of 29 oC for 3 hours. Then the mixture is injected into tiger shrimp by intramuscular as much as 100 μL/shrimp. Tiger shrimp mortality was observed daily, while total hemocytes, ProPO, and differential hemocytes were observed at the end of the study. The results showed that on the first day, the mortality of tiger shrimp was highest in treatment E and lowest in treatments A, and F(control). However, from the second day until the seventh day (the end of the study), the mortality of tiger shrimp was highest in treatment A and lowest in treatment C. The results of this study showed that the concentration of extract of S. alba 1% is most effective in inactivating WSSV, therefore tiger shrimp mortality can be reduced.
The Abundance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Response to The Administration of Fermented Herbal Extract Vitomolt Plus into The Tilapia Cultivation Water
Authors: Sari Dwi Kesuma , Fujaya Yushinta , Sriwulan  , Hidayani Andi Aliah , Khairunnisa Andi Sengngeng , Rusdi Muhammad
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of various concentrations of vitomolt plus added to the culture water on the abundance of pathogen bacteria. This research was conducted in August - September 2021 in Makassar, Indonesia. There were 18 containers with 30 L of volume used in this study. Juvenile tilapia about 5 cm of body length were stocked with a density of 5 fish for each container. The experimental design were designed in a completely randomized design with 6 concentrations of vitomolt treatment, namely: A (control), B (2 ppm), C (4 ppm), D (6 ppm), E (8 ppm), F (10 ppm). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. The parameters observed were the total abundance of bacteria, types of bacteria, and the percentage of identified bacterial abundance. The results showed that the dose of Vitomolt plus treatment had an effect (P<0.05) on the total abundance of bacteria, where the concentration of 6 ppm vitomolt plus had the lowest average total bacterial abundance and the control was the highest. There were several bacteria identified with an average abundance starting from the highest, respectively, including Yersinia pseudotuborculosis, Aeromonas sobria, Staphylococcus sciuri, Spingomonas paucimobilis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Micrococcus luteus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the administration of 6 ppm vitomolt plus into the water of tilapia aquaculture has an effect on the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The use of fermented herbal extracts can be considered as anti-bacterial in aquaculture.
Heavy metal (lead and mercury) content in greenback mullets (Planiliza subviridis) of Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Nirari D , Sulistiono  , Afandi R , Riani E , Subhan B , Supriyono E , Lukman  , Sulastri  , Wahyudewantoro G
Published: December 2022

Anthropogenic activities in Cengkok coastal waters have a potential to pollute the environment with contaminants such as heavy metals. The aim of this study is to determine both the content and accumulation of heavy metals (Pb and Hg) in greenback mullets (Planiliza subviridis) in Cengkok coastal waters, Banten Bay. Fish samples were taken for six months from March to August 2019. Wet sample destruction was done using the Nitric Acid-Perchloric Acid Digestion method, while heavy metal analysis used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) instrument. The results of the measurements of Pb and Hg contained in greenback mullets during the study were still below the quality standard, according to the Indonesian FDA (2018). Meanwhile, according to FAO/WHO (2004), Pb content in June, July, and August and Hg content in August had exceeded the quality standard of 0.03 mg/kg (for Pb) and 0.05 mg/kg (for Hg). The safety levels for greenback mullet consumption for children is 0.44 kg of flesh/week and 1.45 kg of flesh/week for adults.
Uniqueness of ergodic optimization of top Lyapunov exponent for typical matrix cocycles
Authors: Lin Wanshan , Tian Xueting
Published: December 2022

In this article, we consider the ergodic optimization of the top Lyapunov exponent. We prove that there is a unique maximising measure of top Lyapunov exponent for typical matrix cocyles. By using the results we obtain, we prove that in any nonuniquely ergodic minimal dynamical system, the Lyapunov-irregular points are typical for typical matrix cocyles.
Definable Kőnig theorems
Authors: Bowen Matt , Weilacher Felix
Published: December 2022

Let

X
X

be a Polish space with Borel probability measure

μ
,

\mu ,

and let

G
G

be a Borel graph on

X
X

with no odd cycles and maximum degree

Δ
(
G
)
.

\Delta (G).

We show that the Baire measurable edge chromatic number of

G
G

is at most

Δ
(
G
)
+
1

\Delta (G)+1

, and if

G
G

is

μ
\mu

-hyperfinite then the

μ
\mu

-measurable edge chromatic number obeys the same bound. More generally, we show that

G
G

has Borel edge chromatic number at most

Δ
(
G
)

\Delta (G)

plus its asymptotic separation index.
Hypergeometric sheaves for classical groups via geometric Langlands
Authors: Kamgarpour Masoud , Xu Daxin , Yi Lingfei
Published: December 2022

In a previous paper, the first and third authors gave an explicit realization of the geometric Langlands correspondence for hypergeometric sheaves, considered as

G
L

n

\mathrm {GL}_n

-local systems. Certain hypergeometric local systems admit a symplectic or orthogonal structure, which can be viewed as

G
ˇ

\check {G}

-local systems, for a classical group

G
ˇ

\check {G}

. This article aims to realize the geometric Langlands correspondence for these

G
ˇ

\check {G}

-local systems.

We study this problem from two aspects. In the first approach, we define the hypergeometric automorphic data for a classical group

G
G

in the framework of Yun, one of whose local components is a new class of euphotic representations in the sense of Jakob–Yun. We prove the rigidity of hypergeometric automorphic data under natural assumptions, which allows us to define

G
ˇ

\check {G}

-local systems

E

G
ˇ

\mathcal {E}_{\check {G}}

on

G

m

\mathbb {G}_m

as Hecke eigenvalues (in both

ℓ
\ell

-adic and de Rham settings). In the second approach (which works only in the de Rham setting), we quantize a ramified Hitchin system, following Beilinson–Drinfeld and Zhu, and identify

E

G
ˇ

\mathcal {E}_{\check {G}}

with certain

G
ˇ

\check {G}

-opers on

G

m

\mathbb {G}_m

. Finally, we compare these

G
ˇ

\check {G}

-opers with hypergeometric local systems.
Quantization dimensions of compactly supported probability measures via Rényi dimensions
Authors: Kesseböhmer Marc , Niemann Aljoscha , Zhu Sanguo
Published: December 2022

We provide a complete picture of the upper quantization dimension in terms of the Rényi dimension by proving that the upper quantization dimension of order

r
>
0

r>0

for an arbitrary compactly supported Borel probability measure

ν
\nu

is given by its Rényi dimension at the point

q

r

q_{r}

where the

L

q

L^{q}

-spectrum of

ν
\nu

and the line through the origin with slope

r
r

intersect. In particular, this proves the continuity of

r
↦

D
¯

r

(
\nu )

r\mapsto \overline {D}_{r}(\text {\nu )}

as conjectured by Lindsay [Quantization dimension for probability distributions, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, 2001. Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of North Texas]. This viewpoint also sheds new light on the connection of the quantization problem with other concepts from fractal geometry in that we obtain a one-to-one correspondence of the upper quantization dimension and the

L

q

L^{q}

-spectrum restricted to

(
0
,
1
)

\left (0,1\right )

. We give sufficient conditions in terms of the

L

q

L^{q}

-spectrum for the existence of the quantization dimension. In this way we show as a byproduct that the quantization dimension exists for every Gibbs measure with respect to a

C

1

\mathcal {C}^{1}

-self-conformal iterated function system on

R

d

\mathbb {R}^{d}

without any assumption on the separation conditions as well as for inhomogeneous self-similar measures under the inhomogeneous open sets condition. Some known general bounds on the quantization dimension in terms of other fractal dimensions can readily be derived from our new approach, some can be improved.
Criticality of Schrödinger forms and recurrence of Dirichlet forms
Authors: Takeda Masayoshi , Uemura Toshihiro
Published: December 2022

Introducing the notion of extended Schrödinger spaces, we define the criticality and subcriticality of Schrödinger forms in the manner similar to the recurrence and transience of Dirichlet forms. We show that a Schrödinger form is critical (resp. subcritical) if and only if there exists an excessive function of the associated Schrödinger semigroup and the Dirichlet form defined by

h
h

-transform of the excessive function is recurrent (resp. transient). We give an analytical condition for the subcriticality of Schrödinger forms in terms of the bottom of spectrum.

We introduce a subclass

K

H

{\mathcal {K}}_H

of the local Kato class and show a Schrödinger form with potential in

K

H

{\mathcal {K}}_H

is critical. Critical Schrödinger forms lead us to critical Hardy-type inequalities. As an example, we treat fractional Schrödinger operators with potential in

K

H

{\mathcal {K}}_H

and reconsider the classical Hardy inequality by our approach.
Almost primes in almost all short intervals II
Authors: Matomäki Kaisa , Teräväinen Joni
Published: December 2022

We show that, for almost all

x
x

, the interval

(
x
,
x
+
(
log
⁡
x

)

2.1

]

(x, x+(\log x)^{2.1}]

contains products of exactly two primes. This improves on a work of the second author that had

3.51
3.51

in place of

2.1
2.1

. To obtain this improvement, we prove a new type II estimate. One of the new innovations is to use Heath-Brown’s mean value theorem for sparse Dirichlet polynomials.
Evaluation of cell segmentation methods without reference segmentations
Authors: Chen Haoran , Murphy Robert F.
Published: December 2022

We developed metrics and an open source tool to evaluate the cell segmentation quality of multichannel images without a human-labeled reference. Deep learning–based methods performed the best, but postprocessing to ensure proper matching of cell and nuclear masks dramatically improved performance.
Impact of a standardized order set and medication-use process on medication error rates in sexual assault patients presenting to the emergency department for HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis
Authors: Segovia Margaret F , Pallotta Andrea M , Campbell Matthew J , Englund Kristin , Reali-Sorrell Michele , Shah Sneha S
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of a standardized order set and medication-use process on antiretroviral medication errors in sexual assault (SA) patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP).

Methods

In November 2019, a multidisciplinary group collaborated on an initiative to improve the nPEP medication-use process for SA patients presenting to the EDs within a large integrated health system. Electronic medical records of patients 13 years of age or older who presented for SA examination and were prescribed nPEP during the pre- (February 2018-August 2019) and poststandardization (February 2020-August 2021) periods were included. The primary objective was to compare the proportion of patients experiencing a medication error before and after SA/nPEP process standardization. Data regarding the following medication errors were evaluated: incomplete regimen; inappropriate/duplicative regimen; dosing, frequency, or quantity prescribed error; and initiation of nPEP without an HIV test.

Results

Two hundred six patients met criteria for inclusion. A higher proportion of patients experienced medication errors in the prestandardization group relative to the poststandardization group (46.5% vs 11.9%, P < 0.001). Fifty-five errors were observed in the prestandardization group, compared to 16 errors in the poststandardization group. The majority of errors in the prestandardization group were directly related to antiretroviral regimens, while the majority of errors in the poststandardization group involved initiation of nPEP without an HIV test.

Conclusion

The standardization of the SA/nPEP process was associated with significantly lower medication error rates. Optimization of medication-use technology is an effective strategy in reducing medication errors.
Bias in Automatic Speech Recognition: The Case of African American Language
Authors: Martin Joshua L , Wright Kelly Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Research on bias in artificial intelligence has grown exponentially in recent years, especially around racial bias. Many modern technologies which impact people’s lives have been shown to have significant racial biases, including automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Emerging studies have found that widely-used ASR systems function much more poorly on the speech of Black people. Yet, this work is limited because it lacks a deeper consideration of the sociolinguistic literature on African American Language (AAL). In this paper, then, we seek to integrate AAL research into these endeavors to analyze ways in which ASRs might be biased against the linguistic features of AAL and how the use of biased ASRs could prove harmful to speakers of AAL. Specifically, we (1) provide an overview of the ways in which AAL has been discriminated against in the workforce and healthcare in the past, and (2) explore how introducing biased ASRs in these areas could perpetuate or even deepen linguistic discrimination. We conclude with a number of questions for reflection and future work, offering this document as a resource for cross-disciplinary collaboration.
DNA methylation signatures as biomarkers of socioeconomic position
Authors: Rajaprakash Meghna , Dean Lorraine T , Palmore Meredith , Johnson Sara B , Kaufman Joan , Fallin Daniele M , Ladd-Acosta Christine
Published: December 2022

This review article provides a framework for the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (DNAm) biomarkers to study the biological embedding of socioeconomic position (SEP) and summarizes the latest developments in the area. It presents the emerging literature showing associations between individual- and neighborhood-level SEP exposures and DNAm across the life course. In contrast to questionnaire-based methods of assessing SEP, we suggest that DNAm biomarkers may offer an accessible metric to study questions about SEP and health outcomes, acting as a personal dosimeter of exposure. However, further work remains in standardizing SEP measures across studies and evaluating consistency across domains, tissue types, and time periods. Meta-analyses of epigenetic associations with SEP are offered as one approach to confirm the replication of DNAm loci across studies. The development of DNAm biomarkers of SEP would provide a method for examining its impact on health outcomes in a more robust way, increasing the rigor of epidemiological studies.
The in vitro and in vivo potential of metal-chelating agents as metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Omolabi Kehinde F , Reddy Nakita , Mdanda Sipho , Ntshangase Sphamandla , Singh Sanil D , Kruger Hendrik G , Naicker Tricia , Govender Thavendran , Bajinath Sooraj
Published: December 2022

The recent surge in beta-lactamase resistance has created superbugs, which pose a current and significant threat to public healthcare. This has created an urgent need to keep pace with the discovery of inhibitors that can inactivate these beta-lactamase producers. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo activity of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7 triacetic acid (NOTA)—a potential metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) inhibitor was evaluated in combination with meropenem against MBL producing bacteria. Time–kill studies showed that NOTA restored the efficacy of meropenem against all bacterial strains tested. A murine infection model was then used to study the in vivo pharmacokinetics and efficacy of this metal chelator. The coadministration of NOTA and meropenem (100 mg/kg.bw each) resulted in a significant decrease in the colony-forming units of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 over an 8-h treatment period (>3 log10 units). The findings suggest that chelators, such as NOTA, hold strong potential for use as a MBL inhibitor in treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterale infections.
A victory for the March for Equality? Immigration, policy, protest and the ten-year residency permit of 1984
Authors: Gordon Daniel A
Published: December 2022

This article seeks to explain the origins of the Dufoix law of 17 July 1984 which instituted a ten-year residency permit for most foreign residents in France. It aims to clarify a series of debates about the relationship between the law and the March for Equality and Against Racism of 1983 by examining three mutually contradictory theories. The first theory holds that President Mitterrand was persuaded to enact the reform as a direct result of his meeting with the Marchers on 3 December 1983. The second theory holds that the carte de 10 ans was a diversionary tactic, irrelevant to the Marchers and aiming to demobilize their movement. The third theory holds that the origins of the law lay less in the March than in earlier migrant worker movements of the 1970s. The article argues that the law ultimately resulted from a complex set of mutually entangled and ambivalent relationships.
Pollination Bag Type Affects Ovule Development and Seed Yields inPinus taedaL.
Authors: Heine Austin J , Walker Trevor D , Jett Jackson B , Isik Fikret , McKeand Steven E
Published: December 2022

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most widely planted forest tree species in the United States. Most of the seedlings used to establish these plantations come from seed collected in open-pollinated seed orchards, but an increasing number are coming from controlled crosses, about 15%–20% of the loblolly pine seedling crops in the last five years. To produce this seed, millions of pollination bags are installed each spring in orchards throughout the southeastern United States; over 2.6 million bags were installed in 2022. This study evaluated 13 pollination bag types available for use in the mass production of control-cross seed. Using cone analysis, significant differences were found among bag types for the proportion of ovules resulting in filled seed, empty seed, and first-year aborts. Due to differences in the efficacy of orchard management, study trees varied greatly in their proportion of ovules resulting in filled seed and first-year aborts. Under good orchard management, open-pollinated cones had 72% of their ovules as filled seed and 12% in first-year aborted ovules. The best pollination bag type had 62% of its ovules as filled seed with 22% in first-year aborted ovules. These differences are apparently due to the quality of pollen used in the controlled crosses.

Study Implications: Compared with open-pollinated families, full-sibling crosses among elite parents of loblolly pine produce more market value to landowners due to greater productivity, increased disease resistance, and enhanced stem form. Specific crosses of loblolly pine have occupied about 15%–20% of the recent seedling market because the seed are costly and difficult to produce. This study tested pollination bag types to determine their effectiveness in producing control-cross seed. Some bag types were superior in increasing seed yield, but seed yields for open-pollinated cones tended to be higher, suggesting problems in the control-cross process. Cone analysis is a useful tool for seed orchard managers to diagnose problems in seed production. Understanding and correcting these problems will help managers increase their production of full-sibling seed and lead to the establishment of new plantations with increased forest productivity.
Mitotic progression and dual spindle formation caused by spindle association of de novo–formed microtubule-organizing centers in parthenogenetic embryos of Drosophila ananassae
Authors: Hirai Kazuyuki , Inoue Yoshihiro H , Matsuda Muneo
Published: December 2022

Facultative parthenogenesis occurs in many animal species that typically undergo sexual reproduction. In Drosophila, such development from unfertilized eggs involves diploidization after completion of meiosis, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here we used a laboratory stock of Drosophila ananassae that has been maintained parthenogenetically to cytologically examine the initial events of parthenogenesis. Specifically, we determined whether the requirements for centrosomes and diploidization that are essential for developmental success can be overcome. As a primal deviation from sexually reproducing (i.e. sexual) strains of the same species, free asters emerged from the de novo formation of centrosome-like structures in the cytosol of unfertilized eggs. Those microtubule-organizing centers had distinct roles in the earliest cycles of parthenogenetic embryos with respect to mitotic progression and arrangement of mitotic spindles. In the first cycle, an anastral bipolar spindle self-assembled around a haploid set of replicated chromosomes. Participation of at least one microtubule-organizing center in the spindle was necessary for mitotic progression into anaphase. In particular, the first mitosis involving a monastral bipolar spindle resulted in haploid daughter nuclei, one of which was associated with a microtubule-organizing center whereas the other was not. Remarkably, in the following cycle, biastral and anastral bipolar spindles formed that were frequently arranged in tandem by sharing an aster with bidirectional connections at their central poles. We propose that, for diploidization of haploid nuclei, unfertilized parthenogenetic embryos utilize dual spindles during the second mitosis, as occurs for the first mitosis in normal fertilized eggs.
Older Adults’ Experiences Living With and Having Spine Surgery for Degenerative Spine Disease
Authors: Strayer Andrea L , King Barbara J
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Globally, older adults are undergoing spine surgery for degenerative spine disease at exponential rates. However, little is known about their experiences of living with and having surgery for this debilitating condition. This study investigated older adults’ understanding and experiences of living with and having surgery for degenerative spine disease.

Research Design and Methods

Qualitative methods, grounded theory, guided the study. Fourteen older adults (≥65 years) were recruited for in-depth interviews at 2 time-points: T1 during hospitalization and T2, 1–3-months postdischarge. A total of 28 interviews were conducted. Consistent with grounded theory, purposive, and theoretical sampling were used. Data analysis included open, axial, and selective coding.

Results

A conceptual model was developed illustrating the process older adults with degenerative spine disease experience, trying to get their life back. Three key categories were identified (1) Losing Me, (2) Fixing Me, and (3) Recovering Me. Losing Me was described as a prolonged process of losing functional independence and the ability to socialize. Fixing Me consisted of preparing for surgery and recovery. Recovering Me involved monitoring progression and reclaiming their personhood. Conditions, including setbacks and delays, slowed their trajectory. Throughout, participants continually adjusted expectations.

Discussion and Implications

The conceptual model, based on real patient experiences, details how older adults living with and having surgery for degenerative spine disease engage in recovering who they were prior to the onset of symptoms. Our findings provide a framework for understanding a complex, protracted trajectory that involves transitions from health to illness working toward health again.
HIV-Associated Microbial Translocation May Affect Cytokine Production of CD56bright NK Cells via Stimulation of Monocytes
Authors: ToVinh Michael , Hörr Gregor , Hoffmeister Christoph , Dobrikova Kristiyana , Gotter Christina , Raabe Jan , Kaiser Kim M , Ahmad Sarah , Finnemann Claudia , Matejec Eyleen , Hack Gudrun , Bischoff Jenny , Rieke Gereon J , Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Boesecke Christoph , van Bremen Kathrin , Wasmuth Jan-Christian , Eis-Hübinger Anna M , Streeck Hendrik , Verhasselt Hedda L , Oldenburg Johannes , Strassburg Christian P , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Spengler Ulrich , Krämer Benjamin , Nattermann Jacob
Published: December 2022

The mechanisms involved in HIV-associated natural killer (NK) cell impairment are still incompletely understood. We observed HIV infection to be associated with increased plasma levels of IFABP, a marker for gut epithelial barrier dysfunction, and LBP, a marker for microbial translocation. Both IFABP and LBP plasma concentrations were inversely correlated with NK cell interferon-γ production, suggesting microbial translocation to modulate NK cell functions. Accordingly, we found lipopolysaccharide to have an indirect inhibitory effect on NK cells via triggering monocytes’ transforming growth factor-β production. Taken together, our data suggest increased microbial translocation to be involved in HIV-associated NK cell dysfunction.
Increased Risk of Neurological Disease Following Pediatric Rotavirus Infection: A Two-Center Case-Control Study
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Luo Yunjiao , He Canlin , Dian Ziqin , Mi Hongying , Yang Jinghui , Feng Yue , Miao Zhijiang , Xia Xueshan
Published: December 2022

Background

Whether pediatric rotavirus infection is associated with extraintestinal complications remains unknown.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study to investigate the incidences and risks of rotavirus-associated extraintestinal complications in hospitalized newborns, infants, and children younger than 5 years.

Results

A total of 1325 young inpatients with rotavirus infection (754 male and 539 newborns) and 1840 controls without rotavirus infection (1035 male and 836 newborns) were included. The incidences of neurological disease were higher among rotavirus individuals compared with controls: newborns, 7.24% (39/539) versus 2.87% (24/836), P < .001; infants and young children, 19.59% (154/786) versus 12.35% (124/1004), P < .001. The associated odd ratios (ORs) for neurological disease frequency following rotavirus infection was 2.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–4.44) for newborns and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.34–2.24) for infants and young children, which increased to 2.56 (95% CI, 1.57–4.18) in case-control (1:1) matching analysis and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.41–2.42) in confounder adjustment. Rotavirus infection was associated with other extraintestinal complications, depending on study population and disease severity. Outcome analysis revealed rotavirus infection and its consequences had a significant impact on hospitalization and discharge.

Conclusions

Rotavirus exposure was associated with a spectrum of extraintestinal complications, particularly neurological disease. Rotavirus infection and subsequent consequences resulted in poor clinical outcomes.
The Fraught Notion of a “Good Death” in Pediatrics
Authors: Moore Bryanna
Published: December 2022

In this article, I sort through some of the confusion surrounding what constitutes the controversial notion of a “good death” for children. I distinguish, first, between metaphysical and practical disagreements about the notion of a good death, and, second, between accounts of a good death that minimally and maximally promote the dying child’s interests. I propose a narrowed account of the dying child’s interests, because they differ from the interests of non-dying children. Importantly, this account illustrates how disagreements at the end of a child’s life are sometimes the result of a shift from a future to a present-oriented understanding of the child’s interests on the part of some stakeholders but not others, and sometimes the result of a values-based disagreement about how different interests should be weighted. This brings into sharper focus the questions of for whom, and in what way, a child’s death might be considered good.
Inguinal bladder hernia: differentials for a male groin mass
Authors: Isaac Daniel , Haris Fondas , Panos Dean , Diab Jason , Clement Zackariah
Published: December 2022

Inguinal bladder hernia (IBH) is an uncommon occurrence in males with a groin mass. It may be present with lower urinary tract symptoms but is often asymptomatic, making it a diagnostic challenge. IBH is frequently an incidental finding during surgery, which increases the risk of iatrogenic injury of the bladder. This report examines the case of a 77-year-old male who experienced a painful, reducible right-sided groin mass with acute urinary retention. Investigations conducted through computed tomography exhibited a right indirect inguinal hernia containing omental fat and a portion of the urinary bladder. The patient underwent a right open herniorrhaphy with mesh repair. This report presents a systematic approach to differential diagnoses for a male groin mass and its relationship to IBH.
Locating the Backstage of Victorian Religion: Spaces of Irish Catholicism
Authors: Roddy Sarah
Published: December 2022

This introduction to the ‘Spaces of Irish Catholicism’ Roundtable argues that applying the concept of ‘space’ to nineteenth-century Irish Catholicism has the potential to offer significant new insights to our understandings of Irish Catholicism and the lives of ordinary Irish Catholics, but also to Victorian Studies and religious history more generally. In particular, it contends that the nature of Irish Catholicism in the later nineteenth century was such that examining its many different spaces offers a valuable means of enacting Peter Andersson’s plea to uncover the ‘backstage’ of the Victorian period. In describing the eight diverse papers that comprise the Roundtable, the introduction argues that a previously identified dichotomy between the ‘poetics of space’ and the ‘politics of space’ within the religious realm may need to be rethought.
A search for missing radio sources at z ≳ 4 using Lyman dropouts
Authors: Shobhana Devika , Norris Ray P , Filipović Miroslav D , Barnes Luke A , Hopkins Andrew M , Prandoni Isabella , Brown Michael J I , Shabala Stanislav S
Published: December 2022

Using the Lyman Dropout technique, we identify 148 candidate radio sources at z ≳ 4–7 from the 887.5 MHz Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) observations of the GAMA23 field. About 112 radio sources are currently known beyond redshift z ∼ 4. However, simulations predict that hundreds of thousands of radio sources exist in that redshift range, many of which are probably in existing radio catalogues, but do not have measured redshifts, either because their optical emission is too faint or because of the lack of techniques that can identify candidate high-redshift radio sources (HzRSs). Our study addresses these issues using the Lyman Dropout search technique. This newly built sample probes radio luminosities that are 1–2 orders of magnitude fainter than known radio-active galactic nuclei (AGN) at similar redshifts, thanks to ASKAP’s sensitivity. We investigate the physical origin of radio emission in our sample using a set of diagnostics: (i) radio luminosity at 1.4 GHz, (ii) 1.4 GHz to 3.4 μm flux density ratio, (iii) Far-IR detection, (iv) WISE colour, and (v) SED modelling. The radio/IR analysis has shown that the majority of radio emission in the faint and bright end of our sample’s 887.5 MHz flux density distribution originates from AGN activity. Furthermore, ∼10 per cent of our sample are found to have a 250 μm detection, suggesting a composite system. This suggests that some high-z radio-AGNs are hosted by SB galaxies in contrast to low-z radio-AGNs, which are usually hosted by quiescent elliptical galaxies.
The Cosmic Hunt for members in the outskirts of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Ursa Major I, Coma Berenices, and Boötes I
Authors: Waller Fletcher , Venn Kim A , Sestito Federico , Jensen Jaclyn , Kielty Collin L , Borukhovetskaya Asya , Hayes Christian , McConnachie Alan W , Navarro Julio F
Published: December 2022

Gaia EDR3 data were used to identify potential members in the outskirts of three ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies: Coma Berenices (>2Rh), Ursa Major I (∼4Rh), and Boötes I (∼4Rh), as well as a new member in the central region of Ursa Major I. These targets were observed with the Gemini GRACES spectrograph, which was used to determine precision radial velocities and metallicities that confirm their associations with the UFD galaxies. The spectra were also used to measure absorption lines for 10 elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ba), which confirm that the chemical abundances of the outermost stars are in good agreement with stars in the central regions. The abundance ratios and chemical patterns of the stars in Coma Berenices are consistent with contributions from SN Ia, which is unusual for its star formation history and in conflict with previous suggestions that this system evolved chemically from a single core collapse supernova event. The chemistries for all three galaxies are consistent with the outermost stars forming in the central regions, then moving to their current locations through tidal stripping and/or supernova feedback. In Boötes I, however, the lower metallicity and lack of strong carbon enrichment of its outermost stars could also be evidence of a dwarf galaxy merger.
New radio-loud QSOs at the end of the Re-ionization epoch
Authors: Ighina L , Caccianiga A , Moretti A , Belladitta S , Broderick J W , Drouart G , Leung J K , Seymour N
Published: December 2022

We present the selection of high-redshift (z ≳ 5.7) radio-loud (RL) quasi-stellar object (QSO) candidates from the combination of the radio Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS; at 888 MHz) and the optical/near-infrared Dark Energy Survey (DES). In particular, we selected six candidates brighter than $S_{\rm 888\, MHz}\gt 1$ mJy beam−1 and mag(zDES) < 21.3 using the dropout technique (in the i-band). From this sample, we were able to confirm the high-z nature (z ∼ 6.1) of two sources, which are now among the highest redshift RL QSOs currently known. Based on our Gemini-South/GMOS observations, neither object shows a prominent Ly α emission line. This suggests that both sources are likely to be weak emission-line QSOs hosting radio jets and would therefore further strengthen the potential increase of the fraction of weak emission-line QSOs recently found in the literature. However, further multiwavelength observations are needed to constrain the properties of these QSOs and of their relativistic jets. From the discovery of these two sources, we estimated the space density of RL QSOs in the redshift range 5.9 < z < 6.4 to be 0.13$^{+0.18}_{-0.09}$ and found it to be consistent with the expectations based on our current knowledge of the blazar population up to z ∼ 5.