bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shifting Focus of Opposition to the European Union
Authors: Usherwood Simon
Published: April 2022

Using France and the UK as case studies, this paper discusses how the focus of groups opposed to European integration has changed over time. Such groups often claim to have a generalised or ideological opposition to the European Union, but in practice it is apparent that particular issues arouse most attention. The article covers the period since the mid-1980s, to show how the relative importance of different elements has changed over time, both for anti-EU group formation and changes in groups’ activities. Most notably, this change has been informed by two key factors. Firstly, an incomplete (or biased) view of the EU system repeatedly draws groups’ attention to otherwise minor topics, often taking them to be symbolic of wider developments (e.g. harmonisation of standards). Secondly, groups’ interest is highest in projects when they are not fully decided (e.g. membership of the Euro or the constitutionalisation process since Laeken). The overall picture that emerges is one of groups rationally concentrating their efforts on targets that offer the most unambiguous case for an alternative policy at the point of greatest leverage in the policy-making cycle. This underlines the dynamic nature of opposition to the EU and the fundamental link between that opposition and the EU itself.
The EU in Geneva: The Diplomatic Representation of a System of Governance
Authors: Carta Caterina
Published: April 2022

The European Union (EU) diplomatic system can be conceived as representative of a system of governance, and, through this, of its constitutive independent units. The way in which the EU's political system is represented through diplomatic practices is telling of two interrelated aspects of the EU's international actorness. First, it reveals the link between the foreign policy of a non-state actor and sheds light on the division of competences that characterises the EU's foreign policy-making system. Second, it highlights the complex institutional and organisational features of a non-state diplomatic system. This article locates the puzzle of EU diplomatic activity in the general debate about changes in the institution of diplomacy. Secondly, it explains how post-Lisbon institutional arrangements have been translated into practice in two multilateral delegations: the delegation to the UN and the mission to the WTO in Geneva. It finally draws some preliminary conclusions. The article concludes that beyond competition over the attribution of competences in the EU’s diplomatic governance, different ideas coexist about what ‘locating the EU in the international scene’ means. Pursuing a ‘single voice’ by unifying forms of external representation is not necessarily perceived as the most convenient strategy envisaged by all EU actors. While institutional actors tend to believe that coherence and strength may descend from a more unified system of representation, the member states tend to believe that, in certain circumstances, differentiation could increase the EU’s strength.
The European Union as a Conveniently-conflicted Counter-hegemon through Trade
Authors: Bailey David , Bossuyt Fabienne
Published: April 2022

This article addresses the failure by scholars of EU trade policy to fully explain the difficulties faced in realizing the ‘normative’ goals contained within the European Union’s external trade policy and the conviction that it might be a ‘force for good’ through trade. In seeking to account for and, in particular, move beyond the failure to fully explain these difficulties, the article adopts a critical social science approach that focuses on relations of domination and the (potentially misleading) appearances that such relations tend to uphold. In contrast to the traditional view of the EU as a potential ‘force for good’, we conceptualize it as a site of domination, focusing in particular on three mechanisms through which this domination is achieved – expansive market (capitalist) exchange, the ‘Othering’ that tends to accompany such processes of expansion, and the de-politicization necessary to achieve and/or legitimate these processes. The article proceeds to explore recent developments in EU trade policy, and in particular the Global Europe agenda and associated new generation of free trade agreements with trade partners in Asia and Latin America. In doing so, the article examines the extent to which processes of market expansion, Othering and de-politicization have been realized in recent EU trade policy. It argues for a conceptualization of the European Union as a conveniently-conflicted counter-hegemon through trade, whereby the EU presents itself as a potential ‘force for good’ through trade, but simultaneously avoids the realization of that potential (and justifies its non-realization) by evoking the conveniently-conflicted status that arises from institutional constraints and both internal disagreements and external differences. This account, we claim, is both more plausible than the existing empirical accounts in that it is able to explain the consistent promotion of an apparently unrealizable ‘progressive’ agenda by the European Union, and an improvement upon those accounts in that it illuminates and demystifies relations of domination and certain ideas that act to uphold them.
Theorizing European Union Trade Politics: Contending or Complementary Paradigms?
Authors: Orbie Jan , Kerremans Bart
Published: April 2022

This special issue aims to take the first step towards an inter-paradigmatic debate in the study of European Union trade politics. In this introduction we highlight the importance of trade as an EU policy domain that is currently undergoing radical changes. We also give a brief overview of the literature on EU trade politics, pointing to the fragmentation of different theoretical approaches. Furthermore, we suggest that more dialogue between different paradigms may be fruitful. We conclude by situating the contributions to this special issue in terms of their theoretical and ontological perspectives.
The European Union Building Peace Near and Afar: Monitoring the Implementation of International Peace Agreements
Authors: Braniff Máire
Published: April 2022

The European Union’s (EU) support and contribution to international peace and security continues to develop with involvement in the Balkans, South Caucasus, Africa, Middle East and South Asia (Council of the European Union 2005). Within the broad range of civilian and military interventions under the Common Security and Defence policy (CSDP) there have been two monitoring missions that have emerged from peace agreements, in Aceh (2005-2006) and in Georgia (2008 to date). This article maps the evolution EU’s role in international peace building by focusing on how this role is increasingly constructed by the scope of monitoring missions which it has embarked upon outside of its borders. A thematic analysis of literature is used to explore how the EU’s monitoring role has evolved regarding the different degrees of intervention, time-frame and size of the monitoring mission which have resulted in a multi-level impact regarding societal transition. The article finds that political will, shadows of past and future missions and intergovernmental concerns dominates how the EU’s monitoring missions unfurl, affecting the practice of monitors and other EU actors in local conflict settings and contemplates scenarios for future monitoring missions.
Towards the European(-ised) Public Sphere: The Case of EP Elections in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Kovář Jan , Kovář Kamil
Published: April 2022

European Parliament (EP) elections fall within the category of second-order elections: because these types of elections do not lead to the formation of government there is less at stake and, consequently, voters behave differently when casting ballot. However, since the behaviour of voters in elections cannot be perceived in isolation from the behaviours of political parties and media, the question then arises if media (and political parties) also perceive that there is less at stake and hence they behave differently. To this aim, this article analyses the news media coverage of the 2004 and 2009 EP elections in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (N = 5672) and, at the same time, integrates the second-order election theory with the behaviours of the media. Moreover, the article provides unique comparative evidence of news coverage of national parliamentary (N = 5435) and EP elections in both countries. The results indicate that media across the EU only marginally cover EP elections and particularly less than national first-order elections and that coverage of EP elections is dominated by domestic EU political actors. The findings are discussed in the light of existing literature on EP elections, the existence of Europeanised public spheres and EU’s legitimacy as well as democratic deficit.
Brucella suis y virus de Aujeszky en producciones familiares porcinas de la Provincia La Pampa, Argentina
Authors: Murcia V. N. , Beneitez A. , Giménez H. , Lorda H. , Fort M.
Published: April 2022

El 80% de la producción porcina de la Provincia de La Pampa son productores familiares que tienen hasta 10 cerdas productivas, se caracterizan por su escasa o nula tecnificación y muy bajos índices productivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar la circulación de Brucella suis (Bs) y del Virus de Aujeszky (VA) en 30 establecimientos pertenecientes a productores familiares de las localidades de La Pampa (Catriló, Uriburu y Anguil). Se procesaron 348 muestras totales en dos instancias de muestreo. De las 255 muestras de sangre recolectadas en el primer muestreo, 8 resultaron positivas a Bs (2.18%, IC: 0.70%, 3.66%), correspondiendo al 5.78% (IC: 0.00%, 12.77%) de establecimientos positivos (n=2), mientras que el 13.39% (IC: 9.94%, 16.83%) de las muestras fueron positivas al VA, correspondiendo al 29.59% (IC: 15.93%, 43.26%) de los establecimientos positivos (n=9). En el segundo muestreo, se obtuvieron 93 muestras de la totalidad de los animales de los 11 establecimientos que resultaron positivos en el primer muestreo. No se encontraron muestras positivas a Bs, por el contrario, el 15.44% de las muestras resultaron positivas al VA (n=15). La información generada representa un avance en el conocimiento sanitario de este tipo de producciones de gran importancia y escasamente estudiadas en la provincia. Ello incentiva a continuar el estudio con parámetros más rigurosos en cuanto a estratificación y caracterización de la producción.
Nemátodos Pharyngodonidae en Liolaemus parvus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) en el Centro-Oeste de Argentina
Authors: Castillo G. N. , González C. J. , Acosta J. C.
Published: April 2022

El conocimiento de nemátodos parásitos en reptiles de Argentina es escaso, conociéndose hasta el momento 26 especies de nemátodos reportados en 40 especies de reptiles. Entre las especies de reptiles estudiadas, el género Liolaemus presenta los mayores registros de nemátodos analizados. Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento parasitario de reptiles de Argentina, mencionamos el primer registro del nemátodo Parapharyngodon sceleratus y un nuevo hospedador para Spauligodon sp. Ambas especies de nemátodos oxiúridos fueron registrados en la lagartija Liolaemus parvus. El nemátodo P. sceleratus presenta como características diagnósticas 9 papilas caudales: 1 ventral par pre-anal, 1 ventral par ad-anal, 1 par lateral ad-anal y 1 papilain par, 1 par en el apéndice caudal, además del labio cloacal liso. Estas características los diferencia de Parapharyngodon riojensis que presenta 7 papilas y con 8 papilas respectivamente. Ambos con labios cloacal equinado y que son especies Parapharyngodon sanjuanensis de nemátodos anteriormente mencionadas para lagartijas de San Juan. El nemátodo Spauligodon sp. exhibe en la hembra dos papilas terminales sésiles en la cola, esta característica que las separa del resto de las especies del género. Parapharyngodon sceleratus en el presente trabajo es la cuarta especie del género mencionada para Argentina. Liolaemus parvuses la tercer especie del género Liolaemus como hospedador de P. sceleratus en Sudamérica, representando una nueva interacción parásito-hospedador.
PUBLIC TRUST PADA PAMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENANGANAN PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Prasetyo Khusnul , Kriswibowo Arimurti
Published: April 2022

Kepercayaan publik merupakan fondasi dimana legitimasi pemerintah dibangun dan sangat penting untuk menjaga kohesi sosial. Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia menyebabkan kekhawatiran akan menurunnya kepercayaan publik pada pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kepercayaan publik pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Sidoarjo dalam menangani COVID-19 melalui 5 (lima) dimensi kebijakan yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan pada lembaga publik dari OECD, termasuk responsivitas, keandalan, integritas, keterbukaan, dan keadilan. Menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain metode survei melalui kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Besar sampel 400 orang secara non-probability sampling dengan teknik quota sampling. Sampel diambil dari generasi Y dan generasi Z. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan menentukan tendensi sentral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepercayaan publik pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Sidoarjo pada dimensi daya tanggap (responsivitas), keandalan, dan integritas berada pada level rendah, sedangkan pada dimensi keterbukaan dan keadilan mendapatkan tingkat kepercayaan yang sedang.
DESAIN KEBIJAKAN PEMASARAN SOSIS DAGING AYAM EDIBLE CASING MENUJU INDUSTRI 4.0 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN INTERPRETATIVE STRUCTURAL MODELLING
Authors: AN Rosmawaty , Pratamaningtyas Tini Sabrina , Jumiono Aji
Published: April 2022

Consumption of breakfast sausage by people of Indonesia has increased about 4.46% per year. Kind of consumed breakfast sausage is chicken breakfast sausage. This research aims to design the marketing policy of edible casing chicken breakfast sausage toward industry 4.0. Design of marketing policy is based on six key elements, namely purpose, product, obstacle, institution, marketing, and technology. Method of this research uses Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) supported by Software ISM Profesional 2.0. Results of this research indicate that the design of marketing policy of edible casing chicken breakfast sausage toward industry 4.0 is based on six following key elements. (1) Element of purpose emphasizes the fulfilment of marketing authorization requirement and halal certification. (2) Element of product emphasizes the labelled package in accordance with the marketing authorization and the impressively-labelled package. (3) Element of obstacle emphasizes the preparation of skilled human resource. (4) Element of institution emphasizes the National Agency of Drug and Food Control as authority that issues marketing authorization and the Ministry of Religion as authority that issues halal certification. (5) Element of marketing emphasizes the marketing system of online advertisement and the advertisement system of electronic media. (6) Element of technology emphasizes the preparation of online data storage system.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM SEMBAKO
Authors: Cellyana Nainggolan Agnes , Stiawati Titi , Cadith Juliannes
Published: April 2022

Poor people in Indonesia finds difficulties in fulfilling their nutritional food needs. The Ministry of Social Affairs has implemented “sembako” program aimed at reducing the burden of the poor and vulnerable people in fulfilling some main food items. This research aims to describe the implementation of “sembako” program in Lebak Regency, Banten Province. This research regarding the implementation of “sembako” program is based on theory of policy implementation that emphasizes six dimensions, namely standards and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, disposition of implementors, interorganizational commu-nication, and economic, social and political conditions. This research uses descriptive-qualitative method. Samples of this research are drawn on purposive and snowball sampling. The collection of data uses interview, observation, literature study, and documentation. The collected data are qualitatively described. Results of this research indicate that the implementation of “sembako” program in Lebak Regency, Banten Province, is not optimally conducted on dimensions of standards and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, disposition of implementors, interorganizational communication, and economic, social and political conditions. Some causes are related to the lack of discipline of the local government apparatus, the lack of people’s awareness in completing assistance administration, the lack of inter-implementor coordination and communication, the occurrence of social jealousy because of poor people that do not obtain assistance yet, and the presence of political motives in selecting e-Warong and poor people that obtain assistance.
Factors that leads to Adoption and Use of Online Bank Account Opening through e-KYC using UTAUT and its Extensions
Authors: Elinzano Gerand Boy O. , Ching Michelle Renee D.
Published: April 2022

Financial Inclusion has been determined as one of the factors affecting national development. Bank account opening provides opportunity to more banking services and as such central banks have been supporting the use of Electronic-Know-Your-Customer (e-KYC) even before COVID-19 pandemic. While the benefits of e-KYC for the banks and its customers are clear, the widespread use of such process for account opening is still in its early adoption stage. This research employed a quantitative method by adopting the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology as as theoretical foundation and extension constructs and determined the factors affecting the use and adoption of e-KYC for online bank account opening. As a result, facilitating conditions and perceived security were found to be significant factors affecting the intension to use e-KYC. Through this research, it was able to validate the use of the research model in studying e-KYC adoption and provided management key areas leading to e-KYC use that they may focus on.
RULA and REBA risk assessment system on salt workers in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Authors: Cheng Yi-Lo , Marinas Klint Allen A. , Saflor Charmine Sheena R. , Jou Yung-Tsan
Published: April 2022

This descriptive study focused on the ergonomic risk assessment of salt workers in Occidental Mindoro to determine which work activities posed risks to the farmworkers and assess the relationship between profile variables and the total pain and body parts pain experienced by the salt workers. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to detect symptoms composed of 28 multiple choice questions and structured into two well-differentiated parts; the first part refers to symptoms in nine parts of the body (neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, upper back, lower back, hip/thighs, knees, and ankles) during the last 12 months. The second part refers to the neck, shoulders, and lower back symptoms throughout the subject’s working life/seven days beforehand. Correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were used to interpret data. The study's findings revealed that the salt workers are middle adults, have been working in the salt farms for most of their lives, have heights and weights within the average height and weight for Filipino males. Results further suggest that the work activities that posed risks and caused pain to the salt workers are, transporting salt, collecting salt, and filling the salterns with brine. Moreover, age and years of working are also significantly related to the pain in body parts experienced by the salt workers in doing the activities that pose risks to them. The body parts that are likely to feel pain are the neck, lower and upper back, and knees. Lastly, in knowing the risky work activities of salt farmers, mitigation measures can be proposed.
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA
Authors: Taha Muh. Ridwan
Published: April 2022

Masyarakat merupakan sebuah organisasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari sejumlah individu yang tentunya memiliki visi dan misi yang sama dalam menjalani kehidupan, Sebelum terjun kedalam sebuah masyarakat. Koperasi adalah saka guru atau tiang utama penyangga ekonomi rakyat banyak. Saka guru akan kuat jika peran serta anggotanya benar-benar berfungsi secara aktif dan kreatif. Organisasi Koperasi merupakan lembaga yang bergerak dalam bidang bisnis (ekonomi) yang pembentukkannya secara esensi didasarkan pada menolong dirisendiri melalui kesamaan (solidaritas), effort (usaha) dan individualitas, dalam menjalankan organisasi dan perusahaan Koperasi.
resume elastisitas
Authors: Irtiy
Published: April 2022

elastisitas permintaan harga lebih kerap dinyatakan sebagai elastisitas permintaan
resume ekonomi 4
Authors: AR ASHRA
Published: April 2022

elastisitas adalah perbandingan perubahan dari sebuah variable dengan perubahan variable lainnya
PENDIDIKAN ANTIKORUPSI DALAM ALQURAN
Authors: Moito Rahmawati
Published: April 2022

Tujuan pendidikan islam adalah peningkatan akhlak mulia. Indikator dalam peningkatanakhlak adalah berkurangnya perilaku buruk, salah satunya adalah perilaku korup. Penanaman nilai antikorupsi dalam pendidikan islam yang berorientasi kontekstual dengan mengembangkan kompetensi pendidikan yang bersifat moralitas pribadi dan moralitas publik adalah tujuan utamanya. Korupsi pada hakikatnya berawal dari kebiasaan-kebiasaan korup yang dilakukan secara kontinu yang kemudian tanpa disadari menjadi hal lumrah. Upaya pemberantasan tentunya diimbangi dengan upaya pencegahan. Salah satu upaya pencegahan itu dengan internalisasi nilai antikorupsi dalam Al-Qur’an sebagai bagian dari kurikulum pendidikan islam adalah strategi terbaik dalam memerangi korupsi. Pendidikan antikorupsi secara jelas diarahkan untuk memupuk kesadaran peserta didik dalam menentang bentuk kemungkaran sosial, kejahatan kemanusiaan yang komunal dan melibatkan publik. Secara eksplisit lebih diarahkan kepada peningkatan iman dan takwa dengan menjalankan perintah Allah SWT dan menjauhi larangan-Nya serta penyemaian nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang universal dan aplikatif.
ASPEK PERMODALAN KOPERASI
Authors: Nurfadillah
Published: April 2022

Akhirnya zaman mengkonstruk manusia menjadi sosok homoeconomicusyang individualis, hanya “bekerja” untuk memenuhi keinginankeinganannya.Dengan dalih “hidup adalah kompetisi”, nilai nilai semacamkebersamaan, kerekatan, dan rasasaling percaya dirasa tidak diperlukan lagi. Segalacara dilakukan demi mengejar kebahagiansendiri. Seolah lupa, kalau bangsa ini duluterbangun dan merdeka karena adanya fondasigotong-royong yang lekat dalamkehidupan masyarakat kita. Tak heran bila kondisi ini menjadifaktor penyebabseluruh elemen bangsa kecewa melihat situasi hari ini, disparitas sosial terjadidimana-mana, terjebak dalam belenggukapitalisme.Dalam konteks yang lebih luas,pembangunan, anomali ini berlaku. Sisi sosial-budayadinegasikan. Hadirlahkorporasi-korporasi yang direncanakan menjadi stimulus pembangunannamunmalah jadi alat penghancur kehidupan masyarakat banyak. Hal ini karena sifatdasarsistem kapitalisme, yang mana korporasi-korporasi adalah anak kandungnya,yang akumulati.
LEMBAGA-LEMBAGA DALAM KEGIATAN OPERASIONAL PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Rajab Nabila , Aulya Winda , khairunnisa Nur
Published: April 2022

Lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS) menurut Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) adalah lembaga keuangan yang mengeluarkan produk keuangan syariah dan yang mendapat izin operasional sebagai lembaga keuangan syariah (DSN-MUI,2003). Definisi ini menegaskan bahwa LKS harus memenuhi dua unsur, yaitu unsur kesesuaian dengan syariah Islam dan unsur legalitas dalam operasi sebagai lembaga keuangan.
resume ekonomi 5
Authors: AR ASHRA
Published: April 2022

nilai guna atau utilitas merupakan kepuasan dan kenikmatan yang diperoleh seseorang dalam mengkonsumsi barang dan jasa
Aspek permodalan koperasi
Authors: Resky Andi Sry Aska
Published: April 2022

Modal kerja mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting bagi kegiatan operasi koperasi sehari- hari dalam mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Untuk dapat mencapai tujuannya, koperasi perlu mengambil kebijaksanaan berapakah modal kerja yang cukup agar dapat berperan secara efisien dan efektif.
Astronomi dalam Al Qur'an
Authors: Sawal
Published: April 2022

Pendidikan sebagai human investment berperan dalam proses pembangunan karakter dan intelektual sebuah bangsa. Tolak ukur sebuah bangsa yang maju dapat dilihat dari keberhasilan pendidikannya. Pendidikan harus mendapatkan perhatian khusus dan konsep yang matang sehingga tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pendidikan dalam perspektif yang berbeda yaitu perspektif Al-Quran. Dalam artikel ini fokus membahas serta mengkaji terminologi pendidikan dalam beberapa istilah, tujuan dan isi atau materi pendidikan dalam perspektif Al-Quran.Pendekatan deskriptif dan library research dalam penelitian ini sangat perlu dilakukan untuk mencapai fakta dan realitas yang ada khususnya perkembangan pada dunia pendidikan Islam.Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah studi tafsir tarbawi karya Ahmad Munir, sedangkan untuk data sekunder menggunakan buku-buku dan jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan tujuan pendidikan.Dari hasil penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan libraryresearch diperoleh informasi bahwa didalam Al-Quran terdapat beberapa istilah pendidikan antara lain tarbiyah, ta’dib, ta’lim dan tazkiyah.Tujuan pendidikan pada akhirnya adalah membentuk manusia menjadi insan kamil dan bermanfaat bagi lingkungannya.Materi pendidikan terbagi kedalam 2 bidang yaitu bidang kajian-kajian keislaman dan bidang sains sosial serta.
The Variables of SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) are Formally Capable of Collective Autocatalysis
Authors: Kauffman Stuart
Published: April 2022

I report here for the first time that the variables forming the SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) group structure of particle physics, in which all the particles transform directly or indirectly only into one another, can formally function as a “collectively autocatalytic system.” I introduce the “Toy” Particle Apothecary Model, PAM, to study the stochastic branching collectively autocatalytic processes among the fundamental particles. This autocatalytic process yields a kinetic phase transition breaking matter – antimatter symmetry, so creates baryogenesis. Baryogenesis creating particles, together with the hypothesis that actualization events among these particles as they entangle yields a construction of spacetime, suggests a new candidate for the unknown physics of Inflation. Together these hope to go beyond the Standard Model and find a pathway from SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) to the lambda-CDM standard model of the Cosmogenesis. This new theory may make new predictions concerning primordial gravitational waves and the power law statistics of the Cosmic Microwave Background.On line access to the current Particle Apothecary Model is available at particleapothecary.org.
MENGANALISIS INDUSTRI DAN PARA PESAING
Authors: Nurhamna
Published: April 2022

Kelihatannya mengidentifkasi pesaing adalah tugas perusahan yang sederhana, Coca- Cola tahu bahwa Pepsi Cola adalah pesaing utamanya, dan Sony tahu bahwa Matshushita adalah pesaing utamanya. Namun cakupan pesaing actual dan potensial perusahaan sebenarnya jauh lebih luas. Perusahaan lebih mungkin untuk dikalahkan oleh pesaingnya yang baru muncul atau oleh teknologi baru, dibandingkan oleh pesaingnya saat ini.Di pasar kita dapat membedakan empat tingkat persaingan berdasarkan tingkat substitusi produk : Persaingan merek : terjadi apabila suatu perusahaan parapesaingnya adalah perusahaan lain yang menawarkan produk dan jasa yang serupa pada pelanggan yang sama dengan harga yang sama. Persaingan industri : terjadi apabila suatu perusahaan menganggap para pesaingnya adalah semua perusahaan yang membuat produk atau kelas produk yang sama. Persaingan bentuk : terjadi apabila suatu perusahaan yangmenganggap para pesaingnya adalah semua perusahaanyang memproduksi produk yang memberikan jasa yang sama. Persaingan generik : terjadi apabila suatu perusahaan menggangap para pesaingnya adalah semua perusahaan yang bersaing untuk mendapatkan uang konsumen yang sama.Dalam dunia bisnis persaingan pasti ada, entah itu bersaing dengan sehat ataupun persaingan yang tidak sehat. Banyak pengusaha yang menganggap bahwa pesaing adalah sebagai musuh, tapi menurut penulis pesaing adalah mitra karena dengan adanya pesaing maka prodak yang dihasilkan suatu perusahaan menjadi lebih baik. Hal ini disebabkan karena antara perusahaan yang satu dengan yang lain, berlomba-lomba membuat produk yang berkualitas sehingga tidak kalah dengan perusahaan lain yang pada akhirnya akan menarik perhatian costemer untuk membeli produk tersebut.Menghadapi pesaing bukanlah hal yang mudah, perusahaan harus mengetahui kondisi pesaing baik dalam ataupun luarnya agar perusahaan dapat membuat strategi untuk menghadapi pesaing tersebut. Oleh karena itu, maka disusunlah makalah yang berjudul “ Analisis Pesaing”
MENGANALISIS PASAR DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN/NASABAH
Authors: khasanah uswatun
Published: April 2022

Tujuan pemasaran adalah memenuhi dan melayani kebutuhan dan kemampuan konsumen sasaran. Pasar konsumen dan perilaku pembeli konsumen harus dikembangkan sebelum rencana pemasaran nyata. Pasar konsumen membeli barang dan jasa untuk konsumsi pribadi, dan ini adalah pasar yang paling akhir dimana kegiatan perekonomian diatur. Istilah pasar banyak diartikan secara beda sesuai dengan sudut pandang penglihatan. Disini, kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen mengawali kehadiran produk yang dapat memenuhinya. Hal tersebut, terungkap melalui jembatan penyebrangan motivasi dan kemampuan membeli yang dimiliki konsumen. Akan tetapi, tidak diingkari kondisinya bervariasi yang tercengkram perubahan. Kegenerikan produk, jenis produk, tingkatan produk, dan persaingan merk memberikan pertolongan kita untuk menentukan pasar.
Tugas Koperasi 5
Authors: febianil
Published: April 2022

Koperasi merupakan organisasi otonom dari orang-orang yang berhimpun budaya secara bersama-sama melalui kegiatan usaha yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan secara demokratis. Melalui koperasi ini masyarakat bisa memulai usaha dengan cara meminjam modal ke koperasi yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat tersebut.Peranan koperasi dalam kehidupan perekonomian yang penuh persaingan diharapkan akan semakin meningkat. Dengan berkembangnya kegiatan usaha koperasi, tuntutan agar pengelolaan dilaksanakan secara profesional semakin besar. Hal ini memerlukan adanya sistem pertanggungjawaban yang baik serta informasi yang relevan dan dapat diandalkan guna pengambilan keputusan, perencanaan maupun pengendalian koperasi.
Sensing performance of room temperature operated MEMS gas sensor for ppb level detection of hydrogen sulfide: A review
Authors: Verma Gulshan , Gupta Ankur
Published: April 2022

The presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) determines the air quality of both indoor and outdoor environments. To measure H2S concentration levels in the environment, a variety of sensors have been developed. Metal oxide (MOx) based gas sensors are among the most interesting class of MEMS sensors, capable of producing highly sensitive, selective, and specific signals in a plethora of chemical and physical signals. Nonetheless, in the presence of moisture, they have poor selectivity and response. However, sensing performance of MOx towards H2S gas is previously reported in number of studies. Nanotechnology advancements are expected to lead to the progress of highly sensitive, stable, and selective MOx-based H2S gas sensors in the future. This review article aims at enlightening the various aspects of H2S gas sensing technology in an unpretentious yet comprehensive manner.
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KOPERAS
Authors: Rifaldi Muh
Published: April 2022

Masyarakat merupakan sebuah organisasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari sejumlah individu yang tentunya memiliki visi dan misi yang sama dalam menjalani kehidupan, Sebelum terjun kedalam sebuah masyarakat. Koperasi adalah saka guru atau tiang utama penyangga ekonomi rakyat banyak. Saka guru akan kuat jika peran serta anggotanya benar-benar berfungsi secara aktif dan kreatif
resume ekonomi 1
Authors: AR ASHRA
Published: April 2022

ilmu eknomi adalah bagian ilmu sosial yang mempelajari bagaimana manusia menentukan pilihan dalam menggunakan sumber daya
Bored of sports? Investigating the interactive role of engagement and value as predictors of boredom in athletic training
Authors: Martarelli Corinna , Berthouzoz pauline , Bieleke Maik , Wolff Wanja
Published: April 2022

Recent research has identified boredom as a guiding signal in goal-directed behavior. As boredom activates a search for more valuable activities, it can consequently challenge goal-directed behavior; this is also expected to be the case in the sporting context. Here, we examined the experience of boredom in athletic training for a competition among 153 athletes with a cross-sectional questionnaire. We developed the questionnaire based on theoretical approaches to boredom. Specifically, we considered two core triggers of boredom (i.e., the ability to remain engaged with the training and the value that athletes ascribe to the training). We found that the positive relationship between the difficulty of engagement in athletic training and the experience of boredom was moderated by the value ascribed to the training. In other words, it seems that the value ascribed to the training can play a protective role, in that high levels of value nullify the positive relationship between difficulty of engagement and boredom experienced in sports. Future research is needed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of boredom experiences in specific sporting contexts, which could be achieved, for example, by differentiating between individual and collective activities or competitions and training situations.
Attitudes about Police and Race in the United States 2020-2021: Mean-level trends and associations with political attitudes, psychiatric problems, and COVID-19 outcomes
Authors: Vitro Catherine , Clark D. Angus , Sherman Carter , Heitzeg Mary , Hicks Brian M.
Published: April 2022

The murder of George Floyd and subsequent mass protest movement in the summer of 2020 brought policing, race, and police brutality to the forefront of American political discourse. We examined mean-levels of attitudes about police and race using online surveys administered at five time points from June 2020 to October 2021 (n ~ 1000 at each wave) to adults living in the United States. There was a small increase in pro-police attitudes over this time (d = .24), and some evidence that mean-levels of pro-police attitudes increased more for Black participants (d = .51) than White participants (d = .20), and more for Democrats (d = .40) than Republicans (d = .15). Pro-police attitudes were much lower among Black participants than White participants (mean d = -1.04), and–relative to political independents–lower among Democrats (mean d = -.66) and higher among Republicans (mean d = .72). Pro-police attitudes had large associations with a variety of conservative or right-wing political attitudes (e.g., approval of Donald Trump) and COVID-19 variables (e.g., disapproval of government mandates and restrictions), but were unrelated to psychiatric problems and substance use. These results validate a new measure of police attitudes, provide information on trends in police attitudes over the 15 months following the largest mass protests against police brutality in American history, and begin to establish the nomological network of police attitudes, finding that pro-police attitudes are firmly within the right-wing coalition of American politics.
The impact of Dual-Tasking on mnestic performance in normal aging
Authors: Contemori Giulio , Iorio Chiara , Bonato Mario
Published: April 2022

Multitasking has become a necessity in our daily routines. Older people in developed countries are subject to ever-increasing cognitive demands, and the way they multitask has been raising significant interest. Recent research has focused on the clinical relevance of the motor-cognitive dual-task, partially neglecting the potential of concurrently using two cognitive tasks. Here, we devised a new, computer-based, cognitive-cognitive dual task to study the relationship between dual-task cost, age, and cognitive efficiency (MoCA and TMT) in a group of healthy participants (aged 50-77 years). Participants were tested with a primary visual memory task (free recall or forced choice) and a secondary phonemic fluency task, either concurrently (dual-tasking) or non-concurrently (single task). As expected, primary and secondary task performance was lower in free recall and further decreased with concurrent task demands and increasing age. Older participants did not suffer more than younger people from increased cognitive load in free recall, where the cost was higher. In the easiest, forced choice condition, younger participants made few of no errors. The cost in the phonemic tasks was stable across the age range. The mnestic cost positively correlated with two other measures of divided attention while no correlation was found with the MoCA score. This might be compatible with the presence of a core ability allowing to split attention for the parallel processing of information with different nature. In conclusion, cognitive-cognitive dual-tasks provide a sensitive measure of age-related changes in cognitive efficiency and could result in the development of more sensitive clinical tasks for the early detection of cognitive impairments.
Topological phases and entanglement in real space for 1D SSH topological insulator: effects of first and second neighbor-hoppings
Authors: Navarro Labastida Leonardo Antonio , Dom´ınguez-Serna F. A. , Rojas F.
Published: April 2022

The hybrid atoms-cell site entanglement in a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) topological insulator with first and second neighbor hopping in space representation of finite chains is analyzed. The geometrical phase is calculated by the Resta electric polarization and the entanglement in the atomic basis by the Schmidt number. A relation between entanglement and the topological phase transitions (TPT) is given since the Schmidt number has local critical points of maximal entangled (ME) states in the singularities of the geometrical phase. States with second neighbors have higher entanglement than first-neighbors hopping. The general conditions to produce ME hybrid Bell states and the localization-entanglement relation are given.
Measuring Time Load Using a Mobile Application to Monitor Curriculum Workload
Authors: Kneissl Sibylle , Tomiska Thérèse , Rehage Jürgen
Published: April 2022

Insuffient time for learning activities makes learning very difficult. Weaker students need more time to appropriately manage their learning objectives. To ensure enough study time, curriculum designers must monitor potential mismatches between needed versus provided study time. This study was conducted to measure students’ time loads and compare them to the workload determined by the curriculum and measured in European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits. Time load entry using the Studo mobile application consisted of entering the time required for all learning activities, categorized into attendance, self-study, and writing student papers, per course. In addition to time load measures, socio-demographic information on travel time, care obligations, and employment status was recorded. Over six semesters (2018/2019–2021), the average response rate per semester was low (8%–17%). Of the 75 piloted courses (4–16 per semester), 2 exceeded the number of hours specified in the curriculum. Regarding socio-demographic data, 3%–34% of the evaluated students worked part time (≥ 10 hours per week). In summary, students were disinclined to measure their learning time. With consideration of potential nonresponse bias, no significant evidence of curriculum workload exceedance was found for the evaluated courses at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna. However, some students are under increased individual time pressure due to part-time employment. The ratio of measured to estimated time should be monitored as a key component to improve performance and enhance student learning.
The Acquisition of Basic Word Order by Children with Autism Spectrum Syndrome
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman , Alkhatib Razan N , Alhendi Hiba
Published: April 2022

Purpose. This paper reports on an investigation of Arabic word order acquisition by twelve Jordanian children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the reasons for this order of acquisition. This study researched the following questions: (1). Which word order do Jordanian Arabic speaking children with ASD prefer? (2). Why do children with ASD prefer this word order?

Methods and Procedure. The study sample consisted of 12 autistic children (mean age of nine, two females, ten males) attending Tawasul Center for Autism, Amman, Jordan. Such a ratio is logical since there are more male than female autistic children, as concluded in multiple studies. In the present study, the participants’ native language is JA, which facilitated communication between the children and researchers since the latter are also JA native speakers. The sample’s ASD severity level was moderate with a nonverbal IQ of around 45. These 12 children were selected because their L1 proficiency was approximately the same and their mental age was around 6, based on an annual test conducted by the center. In addition, none of these children had any specific language impairments, suggesting that the sample was homogenous and heterogeneous regarding language skills. Concerning ethical approval, consent was obtained from the center and the children’s parents to conduct the tests on the children in the center. Participants from the Tawasul Center for Autism in Amman, Jordan, were asked to describe what they saw in ten different pictures and their responses were recorded. These responses can be divided into two types: SV word order and VS word order.

Results. The results indicate that SV word order structures were used more often than VS structures. The results of the t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the two in favor of subject-verb-object (SVO) order. We argue that the SVO word order is used more frequently by children with ASD due to the noun bias principle.

Conclusions. Based on the analysis, SVO sentences were used more than VSO sentences for many reasons; namely, the basic word order of the linguistic input in the surrounding community, the noun bias principle, and the type of message being conveyed, i.e., entity-oriented messages. After administering a t-test, statistically significant differences were found between the results of the two word orders in favor of SVO word order.
Peculiarities of the phenological development of Malus P. Mill species in the conditions of the steppe zone of the southern urals
Authors: Feshchenko E. M.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of phenological observations of five-year-old trees of introduced species and forms of apple trees. The research was conducted in the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticulture Research Center for Breeding, Argotechnology and Nursery in 2019-2021. Phenological studies were carried out according to the methodology of G. N. Zaitsev, statistical data processing was carried out using the methods of G. N. Zaitsev and B. A. Dospekhov. Data on the passage of 10 phenological phases were used (bud opening, beginning of flowering, end of flowering, end of shoot growth, lignification of shoots, beginning of fruit ripening, end of fruit ripening, autumn leaf coloring, beginning of leaf fall, end of leaf fall). In variable weather and climatic conditions during the growing season, it was found that the timing of the onset of the main phenological phases directly depends on the amount of accumulated positive temperatures, in particular, for the beginning of the growing season, this parameter is 245.2-304.7°C; for the beginning of the flowering phase — 630-609.4°C; the end of shoot growth was accompanied by the accumulation of positive temperatures from 2 152.8 to 2 398°C; at the end of fruit ripening, the sum of positive temperatures was 2 736.3-3 386°C; the beginning of leaf fall corresponds to the sum of positive temperatures from 2 873.9 to 3 200.8°C. In the conditions of the study, the duration of the growing season is 169-176 days, which is a short growing season. Weather and climatic conditions had a significant impact on the processes of active growth and flowering, the genotype of the studied species and forms caused the processes of fruit ripening, lignification of shoots, leaf fall. The duration of the shoot growth period is in direct correlation (r = 0.74-0.81) with the hydrothermal coefficient. The main decorative periods, including flowering, fruit ripening, and the period of autumn coloring, depend to varying degrees on both genotypic characteristics and meteorological conditions in the growing area.
Adaptive potential of apple varieties in the foothill zone of Dagestan
Authors: Shakhmirzoev R. A. , Kaziev M. A.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studying the adaptability of apple varieties on the M9 clone rootstock in the agroecological conditions of the southeastern foothill subprovince of Dagestan. The purpose of the research is to identify the adaptive potential of apple varieties for the establishment of intensive type orchards in the zone of commercial horticulture. It is especially important to choose the optimal variant of scion-rootstock combinations of apple trees, which should be distinguished by annual productivity, high commercial quality of fruits and environmental sustainability. The southeastern foothill sub-province has great prospects for the development of commercial horticulture. The most common of the unfavorable environmental factors that negatively affect the vital activity of fruit crops are recurrent cold in spring and early frosts in autumn, when fruit plants are still windy. According to the results of the research, biometric parameters of growth and yield of trees in a young orchard were determined, depending on the type of plantings design. It is noted that at the age of three years, the condition of trees on a 5-point scale is good. The height of trees, depending on the rootstock, compared with the variety Renet Simirenko (control), reached an average of 2.3 to 2.9 m. On dwarf rootstocks of M-9, the diameter of the stem of the Majesti variety was 4.2 cm, the diameter of the Simirenko variety was 3.5 cm. The growth of annual shoots clearly reflects the growth activity of trees with different scion/rootstock combinations. It has been established that dwarf rootstocks provide a weakening effect and allow growing stunted trees with a compact crown, a strong stem and are convenient for care, harvesting. The largest number of fruit formations was observed in the introduced Majesti variety with a planting scheme of 3.0×1.5 on a dwarf rootstock M9(67sh), compared with the control variety of the Renet Simirenko (46pcs).The yield from one tree was 7.1 kg., in the control variety Renet Simirenko — (5.3 kg). When calculated per hectare, the Majesty variety produced 15.7 tons, Renet Simirenko — 11.7 tons.