bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2G/3G connect: An educational software for teaching 2G/3G mobile communications to engineering students
Authors: Sánchez‐García J. Eulogio , Portilla‐Figueras J. Antonio , Salcedo‐Sanz Sancho , Jiménez‐Fernández S.
Published: October 2012

Mobile communications have become one of the key points in the development of Information Society. Therefore the market demands to qualify engineers with a good formation on this topic, and more specifically related with good knowledge about the design and deployment of mobile and wireless networks and services of different technologies. For this reason most of the graduate and post‐graduate programs in Electrical and Electronic engineering studies consider at least one specific subject focused on mobile communications. However, the large number of concepts and the different existing technologies could make this subject very difficult for the student. This article presents a software tool for the design of second and third generation radio access networks, which makes easier the understanding and application of theoretical concepts, giving the student a more practical and realistic view of the subject. Furthermore as this tool has been applied for the regulation on mobile communications in different countries, the students can get some practical knowledge about the work in mobile communications in real world applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:1–12, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21570
Azadirachta indica acts as a pro‐oxidant and modulates cell cycle associated proteins during DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Arora N. , Bansal M. P. , Koul A.
Published: October 2012

The present study was designed to determine the modulatory effect of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE) on cell cycle–associated proteins during two‐stage skin carcinogenesis in mice. Considering the dual role of reactive oxygen species in cancer and its chemoprevention, the levels of lipid peroxidation (index of peroxidative damage) were also determined. Skin tumours were induced by topical application of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as a carcinogen followed by the repetitive application of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) as a promoter. Skin tumours obtained in the DMBA/TPA group exhibited enhanced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, index of proliferation), p21 and cyclin D1, with no alterations in p53 expression in comparison to the control group. Tumours in AAILE + DMBA/TPA group exhibited low PCNA and cyclin D1 expression and enhanced expression of p53 and p21 in comparison to the DMBA/TPA group. The skin tumours obtained in the AAILE + DMBA/TPA group exhibited high lipid peroxidation levels in comparison to the tumours obtained in the DMBA/TPA group. The observations of the present study suggest that AAILE behaves as a pro‐oxidant in the tumours, thereby rendering them susceptible to damage, which eventually culminates into its anti‐neoplastic action. Also, cell cycle regulatory proteins may be modulated by AAILE and could affect the progression of cells through the cell cycle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protonation‐Assisted Conjugate Addition of Axially Chiral Enolates: Asymmetric Synthesis of Multisubstituted β‐Lactams from α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Yoshimura Tomoyuki , Takuwa Masatoshi , Tomohara Keisuke , Uyama Makoto , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Yang Pan , Hyakutake Ryuichi , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Kawabata Takeo
Published: October 2012

β‐Lactams with contiguous tetra‐ and trisubstituted carbon centers were prepared in a highly enantioselective manner through 4‐exo‐trig cyclization of axially chiral enolates generated from readily available α‐amino acids. Use of a weak base (metal carbonate) in a protic solvent (EtOH) is the key to the smooth production of β‐lactams. Use of the weak base is expected to generate the axially chiral enolates in a very low concentration, which undergo intramolecular conjugate addition without suffering intermolecular side reactions. Highly strained β‐lactam enolates thus formed through reversible intramolecular conjugate addition (4‐exo‐trig cyclization) of axially chiral enolates undergo prompt protonation by EtOH in the reaction media (not during the work‐up procedure) to give β‐lactams in up to 97 % ee.
M4(CH2)4 Cubane‐Type Rare‐Earth Methylidene Complexes: Unique Reactivity toward Unsaturated CO, CN, and CS Bonds
Authors: Li Tingting , Nishiura Masayoshi , Cheng Jianhua , Li Yang , Hou Zhaomin
Published: October 2012

The reactivity of the cubane‐type rare‐earth methylidene complex [Cp′Lu(μ3‐CH2)]4 (1, Cp′=C5Me4SiMe3) with various unsaturated electrophiles was investigated. The reaction of 1 with CO (1 atm) at room temperature gave the bis(ketene dianion)/dimethylidene complex [Cp′4Lu4(μ3‐CH2)2(μ3,η2‐O‐CCH2)2] (2) in 86 % yield through the insertion of two molecules of CO into two of the four lutetium–methylidene units. In the reaction with the sterically demanding N,N‐diisopropylcarbodiimide at 60 °C, only one of the four methylidene units in 1 reacted with one molecule of the carbodiimide substrate to give the mono(ethylene diamido)/trimethylidene complex [Cp′4Lu4(μ3‐CH2)3{iPrNC(=CH2)NiPr}] (3) in 83 % yield. Similarly, the reaction of 1 with phenyl isothiocyanate gave the ethylene amido thiolate/trimethylidene complex [Cp′4Lu4(μ3‐CH2)3{PhNC(S)=CH2}] (4). In the case of phenyl isocyanate, two of the four methylidene units in 1 reacted with four molecules of the substrate at ambient temperature to give the malonodiimidate/dimethylidene complex [Cp′4Lu4(μ3‐CH2)2{PhN=C(O)CH2(O)CNPh}2] (5) in 87 % yield. In this reaction, each of the two lutetium–methylidene bonds per methylidene unit inserted one molecule of phenyl isocyanate. All the products have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and microelemental analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Refinement and Two‐Center Luminescence of Ca3La3(BO3)5:Ce3+ under VUV—UV Excitation.
Authors: Liu Chunmeng , Liang Hongbin , Kuang Xiaojun , Zhong Jiuping , Sun Shuaishuai , Tao Ye
Published: October 2012

Ca3La3(1‐x)Ce3x(BO3)5 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50) phosphors are synthesized by solid state reaction of CaCO3, H3BO3, CeO2, and La2O3 (CO atmosphere, 1100 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Investigation of the Phase Equilibira of the Al—Ca—Zn System at 623 K.
Authors: Kevorkov D. , Zhang Y. N. , Shabnam K. , Chartrand P. , Medraj M.
Published: October 2012

The title system is characterized using diffusion couples and selected key alloys.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Computational Study of a New Wheel‐Shaped {[W5O21]3 [(UVIO2)2(μ‐O2)] 3}30‐ Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Miro Pere , Ling Jie , Qiu Jie , Burns Peter C. , Gagliardi Laura , Cramer Christopher J.
Published: October 2012

Na6Li24{[W5O21]3 [(UO2)2(O2)]3} is synthesized by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing UO2(NO3)2, H3PW12O40, H2O2, LiOH, and NaOH (initial pH 8.8, 8% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasonic‐Assisted Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of Highly Magnetized FeCo Alloy Nanocrystallite from Ferric and Cobalt Salt.
Authors: Wei Xian‐Wen , Wu Kong‐Lin , Zhu Guo‐Xing , Liu Yuan‐Jun , Shi Wei , Li Xiang‐Zi , Rong Lu‐Lu , Chen Le , Wu Fang‐Hui
Published: October 2012

Crystalline Fe64Co36 (44% yield), Fe59Co41 (80% yield), and Fe37Co63 (86% yield) nanoparticles with diameters of 5—12 nm are synthesized by addition of N2H4 and NaOH to aqueous solutions of CoCl2 and FeCl3 with various Fe3+:Co2+ ratios at room temperature (Ar, ultrasonication, 343 K, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the New Fluorophosphate LiNaCo[PO4]F.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of LiF and NaCoPO4 (air, Pt crucible, 700 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Magnetic Properties Study of Isostructural BiM2BP2O10 (M: Co, Ni) Containing a Quasi‐1D Linear Chain Structure.
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Long , He Zhang‐Zhen , Xia Tian‐Long , Luo Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Hao , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: October 2012

The title compounds are quantitatively prepared by solid state reaction of Bi2O3, Co(OAc)2 or Ni(HCO2)2, H3BO3, and NH4H2PO4 in a molar ratio of 1:4:2:4 (1123 or 1193 K, 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions Between 2‐Aza‐3‐silyloxy‐1,3‐butadienes and Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxamidates.
Authors: Watanabe Yudai , Washio Takuya , Krishnamurthi Janagiraman , Anada Masahiro , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: October 2012

The first catalytic asymmetric hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction between 2‐aza‐3‐siloxybutadienes and aldehydes is achieved using a complex dirhodium (II) catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Amino Ketones from Propargylic Carbonates and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Filisti Eleonora , Goggiamani Antonella , Iazzetti Antonia , Maurone Loredana
Published: October 2012

The novel simple and clean title synthesis of the title compounds from readily available starting materials involves a formal anti‐Markovnikov addition of water to the C‐C triple bond.
ChemInform Abstract: First Example of a Heterobimetallic “Pd—Sn” Catalyst for Direct Activation of Alcohol: Efficient Allylation, Benzylation and Propargylation of Arenes, Heteroarenes, Active Methylenes and Allyl‐Si Nucleophiles.
Authors: Das Debjit , Pratihar Sanjay , Roy Ujjal Kanti , Mal Dipakranjan , Roy Sujit
Published: October 2012

A highly efficient, very selective, mild, air and water stable catalyst for direct alkylation of various carbon nucleophiles with a wide variety of π‐activated alcohols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)imide Supported on Fluorous Silica Gel: Application to Protection of Carbonyls.
Authors: Hong Mei , Xiao Guomin
Published: October 2012

The immobilization of bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)imide on fluorous silica gel and its utilization in protection of aldehydes and ketones (I) as acetals and ketals (III) and (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Side‐Arm‐Promoted Highly Enantioselective Ring‐Opening Reactions and Kinetic Resolution of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Amines.
Authors: Zhou You‐Yun , Wang Li‐Jia , Li Jun , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong
Published: October 2012

Special emphasis is given for the choice of ligand (I) which supports the complexation and activation of the cyclopropane by interfering with the concommitant coordination of the amine.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Ring Expansions of 1‐Alkynylcyclobutanol Derivatives via Tandem Hydration and α‐Ketol Rearrangement.
Authors: Kim Ki‐Dae , Yeom Hyun‐Suk , Shin Sunwoong , Shin Seunghoon
Published: October 2012

The process is optimized to yield mostly α‐hydroxycylopentanones.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Scope of Arylsulfonylacetylenes as Alkynylating Reagents and Mechanistic Insights in the Formation of Csp2—Csp and Csp3—Csp Bonds from Organolithiums.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Aleman Jose , Marzo Leyre , Alvarado Cuauhtemoc , Tortosa Mariola , Diaz‐Tendero Sergio , Fraile Alberto
Published: October 2012

The reaction of organolithium compounds with arylsulfonylacetylenes gives alkynes through addition followed by elimination of the sulfone group.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Negishi Alkylations of Styrenyl Aziridines.
Authors: Huang Chung‐Yang , Doyle Abigail G.
Published: October 2012

A novel catalytic system for the title reaction is described by using a broad range of organozinc reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Liquid—Liquid Biphasic Homogeneous Organocatalytic Aldol Protocol Based on the Use of a Silica Gel Bound Multilayered Ionic Liquid Phase.
Authors: Montroni Elisa , Lombardo Marco , Quintavalla Arianna , Trombini Claudio , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Giacalone Francesco
Published: October 2012

Key feature of the title protocol is the use of a cis‐ion‐tagged proline dissolved in a liquid film on a multilayered ionic liquid covalently bound to silica. The resulting catalytically active material is soaked in cyclohexanone and water to form a semi‐transparent gel which then reacts with the aldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Synthesis of Carbamate Protected p‐Quinone Monoimine Ketals and p‐Benzoquinone Monoketals.
Authors: Bodipati Naganjaneyulu , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: October 2012

The new and facile method for the synthesis of the title compounds from a single starting material is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of α‐Arylcinnamic Acids and Synthesis of (S)‐Equol.
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhang Can‐Ming , Song Song , Yu Yan‐Bo , Li Shen , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: October 2012

The use of indium catalyst (I) mostly allows the hydrogenation of α‐arylcinnamic acids under ambient pressure and low loading to afford propionic acid derivatives with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ligand and Base‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Reaction of Arylboronic Acids and Olefins.
Authors: Sun Peng , Zhu Yan , Yang Hailong , Yan Hong , Lu Linhua , Zhang Xiang , Mao Jincheng
Published: October 2012

Many different types of substrates including organoboronic reagents and an organosilicon reagent, e.g. (IX), are tolerated in the highly effective title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfur Ylides Derived from N‐Tosylhydrazones and Sulfides.
Authors: Li Yuye , Huang Zhongxing , Wu Xinhu , Xu Peng‐Fei , Jin Jing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: October 2012

A broad spectrum of homoallylic sulfides and some related allenes (XIII) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Thioglycolate to a Range of Chalcones Using Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) N,N′‐Dioxide Ligands.
Authors: Chakka Sai Kumar , Cele Zamani E. D. , Sosibo Sphelele C. , Francis Vivian , Arvidsson Per I. , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maquire Glenn E. M. , Govender Thavendran
Published: October 2012

The presented ligand shows the best activity of the novel synthesized ligands for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral SO/P Hybrid Ligands: An Enantioselective Switch in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Etherifications.
Authors: Xing Junwei , Cao Peng , Liao Jian
Published: October 2012

The absolute configuration of the product can be controlled by the phosphorus substituents of the ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Lipophilic δ‐Amino Acid Conjugates from 4‐Alkoxy‐dithionaphthoic Acids.
Authors: Worth Anna C. , Needham Catherine E. , Franklin Donald B. , Lampkins Andrew J.
Published: October 2012

Key features of the synthesis of novel dithionaphthoic acid derivatives (X) are the acylation of in situ generated Grignard reagents [from bromides (III)] with carbon disulfide and the chemoselective reaction of dithioesters (VII) with protected (VIII) or unprotected (XI) δ‐amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of Phenanthrenes from Styrenes and Arenes.
Authors: Li Hu , He Ke‐Han , Liu Jia , Wang Bi‐Qin , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Hu Ping , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: October 2012

A simple two‐step method is elaborated for the preparation of phenanthrenes (IV), benzo[c]phenanthrenes (VII), and crysenes (IX) using a sequence of Heck‐type coupling and photocyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: “On Water” Synthesis of Spiro‐indoles via Schiff Bases.
Authors: Panda Siva S. , Jain Subbash C.
Published: October 2012

Environmentally benign reaction conditions are applied for the synthesis of both Schiff bases (III) and spiro compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aminofurans via Formal [4 + 1]‐Cycloadditions on 3‐En‐1‐ynamides.
Authors: Dateer Ramesh B. , Pati Kamalkishore , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: October 2012

The reaction proceeds as well with 3‐en‐1‐ynamides who bear alternative withdrawing groups like tosyl instead of mesyl at the nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Dihydrobenzofurans and Bis‐dihydrobenzofurans.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lee Tein‐Wei , Wu Ming‐Hao
Published: October 2012

Various benzofuran derivatives, e.g. compounds (VII) and (XII), are prepared via an intramolecular debenzylative annulation as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Bond Oxidative Acetoxylation and Iodination of Indoles.
Authors: Ge Shao‐peng , Zhang Xiao‐hong , Han Jiang‐sheng , Zhong Ping
Published: October 2012

Various indol‐3‐yl acetates (III) and 3‐iodoindoles (IV) are obtained under optimized reaction conditions in nearly 1:1 ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise, Efficient Synthesis of Sugar‐Based Benzothiazoles Through Chemoselective Intramolecular C—S Coupling.
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

Target compounds (II) are a new class of molecules promising for many biological applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding‐Assisted Cyclocondensation of α‐Diazoketones with Various Amines: A Strategy for Highly Efficient Wolff 1,2,3‐Triazole Synthesis.
Authors: Wang Zikun , Bi Xihe , Liao Peiqiu , Zhang Rui , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewen
Published: October 2012

A convenient synthetic procedure is elaborated for the preparation of triazoles (III), (V), and (VI) by Wolff cyclocondensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activities of Some Triazolothiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Deng Xian‐Qing , Dong Zheng‐Qi , Song Ming‐Xia , Shu Bing , Wang Shi‐Ben , Quan Zhe‐Shan
Published: October 2012

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 6‐substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives (III) and (V) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives by Iminium Ion Catalysis.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Merino Estibaliz , Sugiono Erli
Published: October 2012

The asymmetric cyclization of cyclic β‐diketones with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is efficiently catalyzed by diarylprolinol silyl ethers to afford hydroxychromenone derivatives, e.g. (III), in good yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(II) Chloride Hexahydrate as an Efficient Catalyst for the Preparation of Highly Functionalized Piperidine Derivatives.
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad Reza Mohammad , Najafabadi Batool Hojati , Ghashang Majid
Published: October 2012

An efficient three‐component cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes, aromatic amines, and acetoacetic esters leading to highly functionalized piperidines (IV) under ambient conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Friedel—Crafts Cyclizations Promoted by Iron(III) Chloride Hexahydrate.
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Cain Nicholas R. , Cooper John G.
Published: October 2012

Applying more stringent Lewis acid catalysts such as Amberlyst 15 or aluminium chloride gives primarily loss of the alcohol‐bearing side‐chain.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines Linked to 2‐Thiohydantoins in Water
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad Mehdi , Jamali Marzieh
Published: October 2012

via three‐component, one‐pot condensation of various isocyanides, isoquinoline, and thiohydantoins
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Evaluation of Substituted Imidazo[4,5‐d]pyrrolo[3,2‐f][1,3]diazepine Scaffolds.
Authors: Zaki Magdi E. A. , Bettencourt A. Paula , Fernandes Francisco M. , Proenca M. Fernanda
Published: October 2012

The electrochemical properties of the title compounds in comparison to that of known physiologically active substances reveals compound (VII) as a promising anti‐cancer agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Lycobelines A—C, Novel C16N2‐Type Lycopodium Alkaloids from Huperzia goebelii.
Authors: Hirasawa Yusuke , Matsuya Ryo , Shaari Khozirah , Lajis Nordin Hj , Uchiyama Nahoko , Goda Yukihiro , Morita Hiroshi
Published: October 2012

Preliminary investigations concerning cytotoxic effects reveal that the title compounds are inactive.
ChemInform Abstract: Makomotindoline (I) from Makomotake, Zizania latifolia Infected with Ustilago esculenta.
Authors: Kawagishi Hirokazu , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

structure, synthesis and effects on rat glioma cells
ChemInform Abstract: Current‐Induced Domain Wall Motion
Authors: Tatara Gen , Kohno Hiroshi , Shibata Junya
Published: October 2012

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Applications of Mesoporous Silica‐Based Materials
Authors: Luque Rafael , Balu Alina Mariana , Campelo Juan Manuel , Gracia Maria Dolores , Losada Elia , Pineda Antonio , Romero Antonio Angel , Serrano‐Ruiz Juan Carlos
Published: October 2012

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Need for Combined Inorganic, Biochemical, and Nutritional Studies of Chromium(III)
Authors: Vincent John B. , Love Sharifa T.
Published: October 2012

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Natural 2‐Deoxy‐β‐glycosides
Authors: Borovika Alina , Nagorny Pavel
Published: October 2012

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2]‐Cyclo(co)trimerization Reactions
Authors: Broere Daniel L. J. , Ruijter Eelco
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Light‐Activatable Organic Molecules that Target‐Selectively Degrade DNA, Proteins and Carbohydrates; an Interdisciplinary Challenge for a Synthetic Organic Chemist
Authors: Toshima Kazunobu
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoidal Oligothiophenes: New Properties Behind an Unconventional Electronic Structure
Authors: Casado Juan , Ponce Ortiz Rocio , Lopez Navarrete Juan T.
Published: October 2012

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fingerprinting Food: Current Technologies for the Detection of Food Adulteration and Contamination
Authors: Ellis David I. , Brewster Victoria L. , Dunn Warwick B. , Allwood J. William , Golovanov Alexander P. , Goodacre Royston
Published: October 2012

Review: 346 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoengineered Glycan Sensors Enabling Native Glycoprofiling for Medicinal Applications: Towards Profiling Glycoproteins Without Labeling or Liberation Steps
Authors: Reuel Nigel F. , Mu Bin , Zhang Jingqing , Hinckley Allison , Strano Michael S.
Published: October 2012

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Effects of Mutations of Human Sulfite Oxidase
Authors: Rajapakshe Asha , Tollin Gordon , Enemark John H.
Published: October 2012

Review: 44 refs.
Analysis and implementation of a soft switching DC/DC converter with three asymmetric PWM circuits
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chen Chih‐Chieh
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a soft switching converter with three buck‐type active clamp circuits (or asymmetric half‐bridge circuits) to achieve the functions of the low power rating on the transformers and power semiconductors and low current rating on the rectifier diodes and output inductors. Three half‐bridge circuits are stacked at the high voltage side to reduce the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input voltage and connected in parallel at the low voltage side to share load current and reduce the current rating on each magnetic component and the rectifier diode. Thus, the size of the output chokes is reduced. In each half‐bridge converter, the asymmetric pulse‐width modulation is adopted to control power switches. Power MOSFETs can be turned on with zero voltage during the transition interval due to the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the leakage inductance (or external inductance) of transformers. Experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 1 kW rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydroindolizine Derivatives
Authors: Biletzki Tobias , Imhof Wolfgang
Published: October 2012

The reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, carbon monoxide, and but‐3‐en‐1‐amine in the presence of Ru3(CO)12 as a precatalyst yields 1‐substituted 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroindolizine derivatives for a wide variety of groups R1 at the C‐3 position of the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde.
Polymorphisms in pattern‐recognition genes in the innate immunity system and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hu Wei , Bassig Bryan A. , Xu Jun , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Yawei , Berndt Sonja I. , Holford Theodore R. , Hosgood H. Dean , Leaderer Brian , Yeager Meredith , Menashe Idan , Boyle Peter , Zou Kaiyong , Zhu Yong , Chanock Stephen , Lan Qing , Rothman Nathaniel
Published: October 2012

The pattern‐recognition pathway plays an important role in infection recognition and immune responses, and previous studies have suggested an association between genetic variation in innate immunity genes and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We evaluated NHL risk associated with genetic variation in pattern‐recognition genes using data from a case–control study of NHL conducted in Connecticut women. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 27 pattern‐recognition genes were genotyped in 432 Caucasian incident NHL cases and 494 frequency‐matched controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) for NHL and common NHL subtypes in relation to individual SNPs and haplotypes. A gene‐based analysis that adjusted for the number of tagSNPs genotyped in each gene showed a significant association with overall NHL for the MBP gene (P = 0.028), with the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype for the MASP2 gene (P = 0.011), and with the follicular lymphoma (FL) subtype for DEFB126 (P = 0.041). A SNP‐based analysis showed that MBP rs8094402 was associated with decreased risks of overall NHL (allele risk OR = 0.72, P‐trend = 0.0018), DLBCL (allele risk OR = 0.72, P‐trend = 0.036), and FL (allele risk OR = 0.67, P‐trend = 0.021), while MASP2 rs12711521 was associated with a decreased risk of DLBCL (allele risk OR = 0.57, P‐trend = 0.0042). We also observed an increased risk of FL for DEFB126 rs6054706 (allele risk OR = 1.39, P‐trend = 0.033). Our results suggest that genetic variation in pattern‐recognition genes is associated with the risk of NHL or specific NHL subtypes, but these preliminary findings require replication in larger studies. Mol. Mutagen. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High levels of transcription stimulate transversions at GC base pairs in yeast
Authors: Alexander Matthew P. , Begins Kaitlyn J. , Crall William C. , Holmes Margaret P. , Lippert Malcolm J.
Published: October 2012

High‐levels of transcription through a gene stimulate spontaneous mutation rate, a phenomenon termed transcription‐associated mutation (TAM). While transcriptional effects on specific mutation classes have been identified using forward mutation and frameshift‐reversion assays, little is yet known about transcription‐associated base substitutions in yeast. To address this issue, we developed a new base substitution reversion assay (the lys2‐TAG allele). We report a 22‐fold increase in overall reversion rate in the high‐ relative to the low‐transcription strain (from 2.1‐ to 47‐ × 10−9). While all detectable base substitution types increased in the high‐transcription strain, G→T and G→C transversions increased disproportionately by 58‐ and 52‐fold, respectively. To assess a potential role of DNA damage in the TAM events, we measured mutation rates and spectra in individual strains defective in the repair of specific DNA lesions or null for the error‐prone translesion DNA polymerase zeta (Pol zeta). Results exclude a role of 8‐oxoGuanine, general oxidative damage, or apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in the generation of TAM G→T and G→C transversions. In contrast, the TAM transversions at GC base pairs depend on Pol zeta for occurrence implicating DNA damage, other than oxidative lesions or AP sites, in the TAM mechanism. Results further indicate that transcription‐dependent G→T transversions in yeast differ mechanistically from equivalent events in E. coli reported by others. Given their occurrences in repair‐proficient cells, transcription‐associated G→T and G→C events represent a novel type of transcription‐associated mutagenesis in normal cells with potentially important implications for evolution and genetic disease. Mol. Mutagen. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anorexia Nervosa and Low Weight EDNOS: A 10‐year Study of Service Consumption and Outcome in a Local Specialised Service for Adults
Authors: Wales Jackie , Brewin Nicola , Palmer Robert L
Published: October 2012

A 10‐year retrospective case note study of adults with eating disorders at low weight examined levels of service consumption and the outcome in terms of body mass index. Records of 202 such patients, referred to a specialist secondary service, were studied. Just over one quarter of the patients failed to engage in treatment, attending five or fewer appointments. Of those who did engage, most were treated as out‐patients and had an average contact with the service of almost 2.5 years and 46 sessions. Only about one in six patients was admitted as an in‐patient at any time. These results suggest that most adults with eating disorder at low weight can be managed as out‐patients. However, service providers should expect prolonged contact and high service consumption. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Missing Data in Long‐term Follow‐up of Patients with Eating Disorders Using the Body Attitude Test
Authors: Geerdens Candida , Vanderlinden Johan , Pieters Guido , De Herdt Amber , Probst Michel
Published: October 2012

Objective

Incompleteness of data is a major problem within clinical follow‐up studies. The aim of present study was to compare different statistical models in the management of follow‐up data in patients with eating disorders using the Body Attitude Test.

Method

A prospective longitudinal investigation with repeated evaluations over fixed time intervals was conducted among 807 female patients with eating disorders using the Body Attitude Test as a dependent‐variable. Three types of missing data mechanisms were explored: missing completely at random, missing at random and missing not at random.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that the missing completely at random type of missing data mechanism is less reliable than the missing at random or missing not at random mechanisms. Five years after admission, the body experience of eating disorder patients is less deviant. Compared with normative data, 37% of the eating disorder patients still had a more negative body experience 5 years after admission.

Discussion

There is no single correct method for dealing with missing data. Therefore, it is recommended that multiple methods be used under different assumptions of absenteeism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Unhealthy Weight‐control Behaviours, Dieting and Weight Status: A Cross‐cultural Comparison between North American and Spanish Adolescents
Authors: López‐Guimerà Gemma , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Hannan Peter , Fauquet Jordi , Loth Katie , Sánchez‐Carracedo David
Published: October 2012

The aim of the current study was to examine and compare dieting and unhealthy weight‐control behaviours (UWCB) in population‐based samples in two large urban areas in Spain (Barcelona) and in the USA (Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota). Additionally, use of UWCB across weight categories was explored in both samples. Participants included 1501 adolescents from Barcelona (48% girls, 52% boys) and 2793 adolescents from the Twin Cities (53% girls, 47% boys). The main outcome measures were dieting, UWCB (less extreme and extreme) and weight status. Although dieting and UWCB were prevalent in both samples, particularly among girls, the prevalence was higher in the US sample. In both countries, the report of dieting and use of UWCB was highest among overweight and obese youth. Prevention interventions that address the broad spectrum of eating and weight‐related problems should be warranted in light of the high prevalence and co‐occurrence of overweight and unhealthy weight‐related behaviours. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Natural and historical variability in fluvial processes, beaver activity, and climate in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Persico Lyman , Meyer Grant
Published: October 2012

Two centuries of human activities in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) have strongly influenced beaver activity on small streams, raising questions about the suitability of the historical (Euro‐American) period for establishing stream reference conditions. We used beaver‐pond deposits as proxy records of beaver occupation to compare historical beaver activity to that throughout the Holocene. Forty‐nine carbon‐14 (14C) ages on beaver‐pond deposits from Grand Teton National Park indicate that beaver activity was episodic, where multi‐century periods lacking dated beaver‐pond deposits have similar timing to those previously documented in Yellowstone National Park. These gaps in the sequence of dated deposits coincide with episodes of severe, prolonged drought, e.g. within the Medieval Climatic Anomaly 1000–600 cal yr bp, when small streams likely became ephemeral. In contrast, many beaver‐pond deposits date to 500–100 cal yr bp, corresponding to the colder, effectively wetter Little Ice Age. Abundant historical beaver activity in the early 1900s is coincident with a climate cooler and wetter than present and more abundant willow and aspen, but also regulation of beaver trapping and the removal of wolves (the beaver's main predator), all favorable for expanded beaver populations. Reduced beaver populations after the 1920s, particularly in the northern Yellowstone winter range, are in part a response to elk overbrowsing of willow and aspen that later stemmed from wolf extirpation. Beaver populations on small streams were also impacted by low streamflows during severe droughts in the 1930s and late 1980s to present. Thus, both abundant beaver in the 1920s and reduced beaver activity at present reflect the combined influence of management practices and climate, and underscore the limitations of the early historical period for defining reference conditions. The Holocene record of beaver activity prior to Euro‐American activities provides a better indication of the natural range of variability in beaver‐influenced small stream systems of the GYE. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical underwater acoustic sensor networks with (virtual) transmit/receive arrays
Authors: Stefanov Andrej , Stojanovic Milica
Published: October 2012

We consider a hierarchical underwater acoustic sensor network architecture in which the sensors and the collector stations operate in distinct layers. The hierarchical architecture is motivated by the property of the acoustic underwater transmission medium that for each transmission distance, there exists an operating frequency for which the narrow‐band signal‐to‐noise ratio is maximised. The sensors and the collector stations are consequently allocated different operating frequencies. We assume a uniform distribution of both sensors and collector stations over the finite area of the sensing field. The sensors are organised into clusters forming virtual transmit/receive arrays. The collector stations, on the other hand, are equipped with co‐located transmit/receive arrays. We adopt a communication‐theoretic approach and study the interdependence of the sustainable number of hops through the network, end‐to‐end frame error probability, power and bandwidth allocation. The analysis is performed under the assumption of Ricean fading and interference from other nodes within the same layer of the hierarchy. We present numerical examples that illustrate the network performance and demonstrate that there are preferred operating frequencies, which ensure network operation without any cross‐interference between the collector network and the sensor network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with del13q14 as the sole abnormality: dynamic prognostic estimate by interphase‐FISH
Authors: Orlandi Ester M. , Bernasconi Paolo , Pascutto Cristiana , Giardini Ilaria , Cavigliano Paola M. , Boni Marina , Zibellini Silvia , Cazzola Mario
Published: October 2012

This study analyzed 140 patients with isolated del13q14 on interphase FISH (I‐FISH), to identify subsets with a different progression risk and to assess the acquisition of additional chromosomal abnormalities (clonal evolution) in treatment‐naïve del13q14 patients. A monoallelic deletion (del13qx1) was detected in 123 cases (88%), a biallelic deletion (del13qx2) in eight and a mosaic of monoallelic and biallelic deletions (del13qx1/del13qx2) in nine. In 33% of cases, deletion encompassed the Rb1 locus The median percentage of abnormal nuclei was 50% (15%–96%), and it was higher in patients with a biallelic/mosaic pattern in comparison with patients with monoallelic deletion. Sixty two patients (44%) have been treated; 5‐year treatment free survival rate was 56% and the median treatment free survival was 65 months. The baseline percentage of deleted nuclei, as a continuous variable, was related to progression (HR: 1.02; p = 0.001). According to deletion burden, three groups were identified: 64 cases (46%) had <50% deleted nuclei, 47 (33%) had 50–69% deleted nuclei, and 29 (21%) had ≥70% deleted nuclei. The 5‐year untreated rate was 70.5% , 52.6% and 28.7% (p < 0.0001), respectively. In multivariate analysis using IGHV mutational status, presence of a nullisomic clone, CD38 expression and percentage of deleted nuclei as covariates, only IGHV mutational status and the percentage of deleted nuclei were independent risk factors for treatment. In 103 patients serially monitored by I‐FISH before starting any treatment, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of del13q14 cells, and this increase affected the risk of subsequent treatment requirement (HR 2.54, p = 0.001). The appearance of a new clone was detected in 16 patients (15.5%) and chromosome 13 was involved in 14 of them. I‐FISH monitoring proves worthwhile for a dynamic risk stratification and for planning clinical surveillance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dexamethasone prevents monocyte‐induced tubular epithelial–mesenchymal transition in HK‐2 cells
Authors: Li Qing , Lv Lin‐Li , Wu Min , Zhang Xiao‐Liang , Liu Hong , Liu Bi‐Cheng
Published: October 2012

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular event in the early stage of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Monocyte infiltration plays an important role in the progression of TIF. We have previously demonstrated that monocytes can directly induce HK‐2 cell transition by direct contact. Dexamethasone, an important anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressant agent, has been widely used in renal disease for decades. Whether it could influence the monocyte and HK‐2 cell interaction and prevent EMT is still uncertain. In this study, we found that the typical epithelial cell morphology of HK‐2 cells disappeared 24 h after co‐culture with monocytes, and dexamethasone significantly prevented this change in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, we found that dexamethasone prevented monocytes from binding to HK‐2 cells by inhibiting ICAM‐1 expression on HK‐2 cells. Further analysis demonstrated that there was increased E‐cadherin expression and decreased α‐SMA and fibronectin expression after co‐culture with dexamethasone, suggesting that dexamethasone prevents monocyte‐induced HK‐2 cell transition. The nuclear transcription factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway played an important role in this process. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which corticosteroids may delay the progression of TIF via preventing EMT. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 632–638, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3,4‐dimethoxystilbene, a resveratrol derivative with anti‐angiogenic effect, induces both macroautophagy and apoptosis in endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jing HongJuan , Cui LiuQing , Li HuanQing , Zhou Bo , Zhou GuangZhou , Dai Fang
Published: October 2012

Angiogenesis plays an important role in many pathological processes. Identification of novel anti‐angiogenic agents will provide new insights into the mechanisms for angiogenesis as well as potential lead compounds for developing new drugs. In the present study, a series of resveratrol methylated derivatives have been synthesized and screened. We found trans‐3,4‐dimethoxystilbene (3,4‐DMS) with the fullest potential to develop as an anti‐angiogenic agent. In vitro and in vivo analyses suggested that 3,4‐DMS could effectively inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and endogenous neovascularization. Our results showed that 3,4‐DMS exerted its anti‐angiogenic effect likely through induction of endothelial cell apoptosis via a pathway involving p53, Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase proteases. Moreover, 3,4‐DMS also induced macroautophagy in endothelial cells through activation of AMPK and the downstream inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway. Further studies indicated that intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) might bridge the 3,4‐DMS‐induced apoptosis and macroautophagy through modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in endothelial cells. Combination of 3,4‐DMS with inhibitor of autophagy, such as 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and autophagy‐related gene (ATG) 5 small interfering RNA (siRNA), potentiated the pro‐apoptotic and anti‐angiogenic effects of 3,4‐DMS. Our study provides a novel angiogenic inhibitor and a useful tool in exploring the molecular mechanisms for the crosstalk between apoptosis and macroautophagy in endothelial cells. 3,4‐DMS could be served as a potential lead compound for developing a class of new drugs targeting angiogenesis‐related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 697–707, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation and function of murine Cyclin T2A and Cyclin T2B during skeletal muscle differentiation
Authors: Marchesi Irene , Nieddu Valentina , Caracciolo Valentina , Maioli Margherita , Gaspa Leonardo , Giordano Antonio , Bagella Luigi
Published: October 2012

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9) is a serine‐threonine kinase, involved in many cellular processes. The regulatory units of Cdk9 are the T family Cyclins (T1, T2) and Cyclin K. Cyclin T2 has two forms termed Cyclin T2a and Cyclin T2b that arise by an alternative splicing of the primary transcript. Upon induction of muscle differentiation, MyoD recruits Cdk9/Cyclin T2 on muscle‐specific gene promoter sequences. This complex is able to phosphorylate the C‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, enhancing MyoD function and promoting myogenic differentiation. This work focuses on the characterization of two murine Cyclin T2 isoforms and the evaluation of the role of Cdk9/Cyclin T2 complexes during the skeletal muscle differentiation. This study demonstrated a predominant expression of isoform b in all stages of differentiation. Moreover, both isoforms of Cyclin T2 are able to activate the myogenic program but Cyclin T2b has a predominant role, in particular during the latest stages. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 728–734, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fibronectin‐mediated cell spreading requires ABBA‐Rac1 signaling
Authors: Zeng Xian‐Chun , Luo Xuesong , Wang San‐Xia , Zhan Xi
Published: October 2012

ABBA was reported to be an actin dynamics regulator. However, the molecular mechanism of action of ABBA is still totally obscure. Here, we show that ABBA is ubiquitously expressed in all the examined cultured cells. We found that expression of ABBA in NIH3T3 cells promotes cell spreading. ABBA binds to and markedly promotes cell spreading‐induced Rac1 activation. Cell spreading stimulates ABBA activation probably by inducing it tyrosine phosphorylation, which endows ABBA much higher activity to activate Rac1, and attenuates the interaction between ABBA and Rac1. Loss of function suggests that deletion of ABBA in C6‐R cells markedly inhibits Rac1 activation and cell spreading; this suggests that and the interaction between ABBA and activated Rac1 is required for ABBA‐promoted cell spreading. Taken together, our results indicate that ABBA is activated in response to cell spreading, which markedly promotes cell spreading, and ABBA is required for Rac1 activation and cell spreading. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 773–781, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
c‐Met function requires n‐linked glycosylation modification of pro‐Met
Authors: Chen Run , Li Juan , Feng Chun‐Hong , Chen Shao‐Kun , Liu You‐Ping , Duan Chun‐Yan , Li Hong , Xia Xian‐Ming , He Tao , Wei Mei , Dai Rong‐Yang
Published: October 2012

c‐Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is cell surface tyrosine kinase that controls cancer cell growth, survival, invasion, and metastasis. Post‐translational modification, such as glycosylation, plays an essential role in regulating the function of cell surface molecules. Whether glycosylation modification regulates the enzymatic properties of c‐Met is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of glycosylation on the function of c‐Met. We found that c‐Met is an N‐linked glycosylated protein. Both pro‐Met and p145Met (the β subunit of mature c‐Met) have N‐linked glycosylation. Glycosylation inhibitor studies revealed that the N‐glycosylation modification of p145Met is from pro‐Met, but not due to the further modification of pro‐Met. Importantly, blocking the N‐glycosylation targets pro‐Met to cytoplasm and initiates its phosphorylation independent of HGF engagement. Nonglycosylated pro‐Met activates c‐Met downstream pathways to a certain extent to compensate for the degradation of p145Met induced by glycosylation blocking‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 816–822, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Inheritance of Process: A Dynamical Systems Approach
Authors: Jaeger Johannes , Irons David , Monk Nick
Published: October 2012

A central unresolved problem of evolutionary biology concerns the way in which evolution at the genotypic level relates to the evolution of phenotypes. This genotype–phenotype map involves developmental and physiological processes, which are complex and not well understood. These processes co‐determine the rate and direction of adaptive change by shaping the distribution of phenotypic variability on which selection can act. In this study, we argue—expanding on earlier ideas by Goodwin, Oster, and Alberch—that an explicit treatment of this map in terms of dynamical systems theory can provide an integrated understanding of evolution and development. We describe a conceptual framework, which demonstrates how development determines the probability of possible phenotypic transitions—and hence the evolvability of a biological system. We use a simple conceptual model to illustrate how the regulatory dynamics of the genotype–phenotype map can be passed on from generation to generation, and how heredity itself can be treated as a dynamic process. Our model yields explanations for punctuated evolutionary dynamics, the difference between micro‐ and macroevolution, and for the role of the environment in major phenotypic transitions. We propose a quantitative research program in evolutionary developmental systems biology—combining experimental methods with mathematical modeling—which aims at elaborating our conceptual framework by applying it to a wide range of evolving developmental systems. This requires a large and sustained effort, which we believe is justified by the significant potential benefits of an extended evolutionary theory that uses dynamic molecular genetic data to reintegrate development and evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 9999B:591–612, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.