bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of geometric thinning systems and their time requirements for young forests
Authors: Bergström Dan , Bergsten Urban , Nordfjell Tomas , Lundmark Tomas
Published: March 2014

In Fennoscandia, large areas that have not been subjected to pre-commercial thinning (PCT), and thus support dense stands, are becoming suitable for harvesting biomass. However, efficient systems for harvesting biomass from young stands have not yet been developed. In order to optimise biomass harvesting it is here hypothesized that the handling unit should not be a single tree but a corridor area, i.e., all trees in a specific area should be harvested in the same crane movement cycle. Three types of corridor harvesting approaches (using accumulating felling heads for geometric harvesting in two different patterns) were compared in terms of time required to fell a corridor of standardised size. Corridors are defined as strips of harvested areas between conventional strip-roads. Harvests were simulated in two types of stands, first thinning (FT) and delayed PCT stands, in which the spatial positions of the trees had been mapped. The differences in simulated time consumption per corridor were minor when the only variable changed was the corridor pattern. However, there were ca. 2-fold and 3-fold differences in simulated time consumption per corridor between the harvesting approaches for the FT stand and the PCT-stand, respectively. Furthermore, area handling (felling head accumulating all trees corridor-wise, with no restrictions on the accumulated number of trees except for a certain load limit) was found to give up to 2.4-fold increases in productivity compared to a single-tree (reference) approach for the FT stand. In conclusion, the simulation results clearly show the benefits of applying area-harvesting systems in young, dense stands.
Workshop on Development of Models and Forest Soil Surveys for Monitoring of Soil Carbon
Authors: Mäkipää Raisa , Liski Jari , Olsson Mats , Smith Pete , Thürig Esther
Published: March 2014

Selected Papers of the Workshop on Development of Models and Forest Soil Surveys for Monitoring of Soil Carbon.
Mortality among sons of female dental personnel – a national cohort study
Authors: Naimi-Akbar Aron , Sandborgh-Englund Gunilla , Ekbom Anders , Ekstrand Jan , Näsman Peggy , Montgomery Scott
Published: March 2014

Aims: Dental personnel are exposed to mercury when using dental amalgam. This exposure constitutes a potential hazard to offspring of women working in dentistry. The present study examined increased mortality risk in offspring of mothers working in dentistry.

Methods: Mortality was compared between sons of dental personnel and sons of nondental health-care personnel. Hazard ratios were calculated for three decades (1960s–1980s), when the magnitude of mercury exposure in dentistry was likely to have varied.

Results: During the 1960s, there was a statistically significant increase in the risk of neonatal mortality for sons of dental nurses when compared with sons of assistant nurses: hazard ratio (HR) 1.82 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04–3.22). There was no increased risk in the subsequent decades, but a trend test demonstrated a consistent decrease in the risk over the three decades: HR for trend 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44–0.90). The raised mortality risk was limited to neonatal mortality. The comparison between dentists and physicians had insufficient statistical power.

Conclusions: There is no increased mortality risk among sons of female dentists after the 1960s. Although the results should be interpreted with caution, they suggest a modestly raised risk of neonatal mortality, during the 1960s, when exposure to mercury was thought to be highest.
Sociolinguistic typology in North East India: A tale of two branches
Authors: DeLancey Scott
Published: March 2014

Long-standing ideas about the “linguistic cycle” hold that languages naturally shift from analytic to synthetic morphological patterns and then from synthetic back to analytic in a long-term cyclic pattern. But the demonstrable history of actual languages shows dramatic differences in their tendencies to shift in either direction, and there are well-known examples of language families which preserve complexity or analyticity over millennia. We see the same thing within Tibeto-Burman, where some branches are highly synthetic and others analytic. Examining the history of a representative language from each of two TB branches in Northeast India, analytic Boro (Boro-Garo) and synthetic Lai (Kuki-Chin), suggests a possible sociolinguistic explanation for these tendencies. Trudgill and others have suggested that the tendency to develop and maintain strongly analytic grammatical patterns is associated with “exoteric” languages spoken by large populations, and regularly used to communicate with outsiders, while the development and maintenance of morphological complexity is characteristic of “esoteric” languages spoken by small communities and used only to communicate with other native speakers. This paper presents Boro-Garo and Kuki-Chin as exemplifying these tendencies.
Catch me if you can: Pathways of Dravidian influence in Sri Lanka Malay
Authors: Nordhoff Sebastian
Published: March 2014

Discussions of the history of Sri Lanka Malay have so far tried to evaluate the development of Sri Lanka Malay with regard to the relative influence from the adstrates Sinhala and Tamil. This paper shows that such an approach is too coarse-grained and that the dialectal situation of especially Tamil has to be taken into account. After an overview of the dialectal situation we find on the island, three directions of language change are established: (1) Sinhala moves towards a general Tamil typology; (2) South Western Muslim Tamil moves towards Sinhala; and (3) Sri Lanka Malay moves towards South Western Muslim Tamil and/or Sinhala. A discussion of the problematic nature of the assumptions of “fixed targets” in language contact studies emanating from point (3) closes the paper.
Rahin,Royeet formes toponymiques affines (Haute-Saône/France)
Authors: Chambon Jean-Pierre , Jeandel Louis , Guillaume Alain
Published: March 2014

The etymology of modern fr.Rahin(the name of a river in the Vosges comtoises region) has not been established. As Antoine Thomas had suspected, we are faced here with an oblique case (< -áne), namely *Rohen, whose first vowel opened in aperture to [a]. The simple formRo(h)e(subject case) was preserved in the Middle Ages through the dehydronymic name of a riverside locale, a name which subsequently changed intoRoye. The first designation of the Rahin river as such, *Roe, has its origins in the substantivisation of the lat.raucaf. adj. ‘uttering or making a harsh sound, raucous (of running water)’. The river’s name has since gone through several other transformations. Its oldest form,Rahan(t)(1572), provides us with a new clue into the ancient affinity between the north-eastern part ofFranche-Comtéwith the Franco-Provençal region. This clue seems to be corroborated by two other forms crystallized in the toponymy of Ronchamp.
Los tonos de frontera de las oraciones interrogativas pronominales producidas por hablantes bilingües precoces en vasco y españolEsta investigación se ha llevado a cabo gracias a la subvención del proyecto MICINN- FFI2011-28324.
Authors: Gaminde Iñaki , Andonegi Asier Romero , Ruiz Urtza Garay , Etxebarria Aintzane
Published: March 2014

The aim of this paper is to analyse the boundary tones of Spanish pronominal interrogative sentences produced by early bilingual speakers of Basque and Spanish. Based on a corpus of 50 informants, 25 of them with Spanish as L1 and 25 with Basque as L1, distributed over all provinces of the peninsular Basque Country, where the Basque language is known and used at present, we analyse the tonal configurations of all melodic curves of the corpus within the autosegmental metrical model and compare these configurations with those obtained with the same informants for the Basque language.
Coordinated Metabolic Transitions During Drosophila Embryogenesis and the Onset of Aerobic Glycolysis
Authors: Tennessen Jason M , Bertagnolli Nicolas M , Evans Janelle , Sieber Matt H , Cox James , Thummel Carl S
Published: March 2014

Rapidly proliferating cells such as cancer cells and embryonic stem cells rely on a specialized metabolic program known as aerobic glycolysis, which supports biomass production from carbohydrates. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also utilizes aerobic glycolysis to support the rapid growth that occurs during larval development. Here we use singular value decomposition analysis of modENCODE RNA-seq data combined with GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis to analyze the changes in gene expression and metabolism that occur during Drosophila embryogenesis, spanning the onset of aerobic glycolysis. Unexpectedly, we find that the most common pattern of co-expressed genes in embryos includes the global switch to glycolytic gene expression that occurs midway through embryogenesis. In contrast to the canonical aerobic glycolytic pathway, however, which is accompanied by reduced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic cycle (TCA cycle) and the electron transport chain are also upregulated at this time. Mitochondrial activity, however, appears to be attenuated, as embryos exhibit a block in the TCA cycle that results in elevated levels of citrate, isocitrate, and α-ketoglutarate. We also find that genes involved in lipid breakdown and β-oxidation are upregulated prior to the transcriptional initiation of glycolysis, but are downregulated before the onset of larval development, revealing coordinated use of lipids and carbohydrates during development. These observations demonstrate the efficient use of nutrient stores to support embryonic development, define sequential metabolic transitions during this stage, and demonstrate striking similarities between the metabolic state of late-stage fly embryos and tumor cells.
Structured Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Nanoparticle Anode Architecture for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kotz Sharon , Shah Ankita , Somu Sivasubramanian , Abraham KM , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Busnaina Ahmed
Published: March 2014

Silicon is emerging as a very attractive anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its low discharge potential, natural abundance, and high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g, more than ten times that of graphite (372 mAh/g). This high charge capacity is the result of silicon’s ability to incorporate 4.4 lithium atoms per silicon atom; however, the incorporation of lithium also leads to a 300-400% volume expansion during charging, which can cause pulverization of the material and loss of access to the silicon. The architecture of the anode must therefore be able to adapt to this volume increase. Here we present a layered carbon nanotube and silicon nanoparticle electrode structure, fabricated using directed assembly techniques. The porous carbon nanotube layers maintain electrical connectivity through the active material and increase the surface area of the current collector. Using this architecture, we obtain an initial capacity in excess of 4000 mAh/g, as well as increased power and energy density as compared to anodes fabricated using the standard procedure of slurry casting.
Dipole-Dipole Interaction Model for Oriented Aggregation of BaTiO3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi , Kato Kazumi
Published: March 2014

In order to study the oriented aggregation of BaTiO3nanocrystals in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis in an aqueous solution [F.Dang et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 48, 09KC02 (2009)], the electric dipole-dipole interaction model has been studied by numerical simulations. The results of the numerical simulations are consistent with the experimental ones if the electric dipole moment of a primary particle (a nanocrystal) of 5 nm in diameter is about 10 D =3.3 x 10-29 (C m). It suggests that a 5-10 nm BaTiO3 nanocrystal synthesized in an aqueous solution with ultrasound has spontaneous polarization.
Meso-scale Order Structure Prepared From Immiscible Polymer Blend Solutions
Authors: Jang Junhyeok , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Kawazoe Masayuki , Yoshida Hirohisa
Published: March 2014

The meso-scale hexagonally packed order structures were obtained by solvent casting from the immiscible polymer blend solutions. The order structures were the result of phase separation occurred at the evaporation front during the solvent casting, the so-called dissipative system. The order domains were flat spheres or ellipses on the matrix surface depending on the combination of polymer blends and solvent, the diameter of spheres were tunable from 0.5 to 3 μm by the casting condition, such as the solvent used for mixing and the evaporation rate. Three blend systems, NBR/SBR, NBR/BR and PMMA/BR, formed two dimensional order structures with the domain size in μm-scale by solvent casting from those homogeneous solutions. The conditions to obtain the two dimensional meso-scale order structure were evaluated.
3D Macroporous Nitrogen-doped Graphene Frameworks for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Pingping , Zhao Xin , Li Yingzhi , Zhang Qinghua
Published: March 2014

A novel type of nitrogen-doped hierarchically 3D macroporous CMG films electrode (NCMG) was prepared through a facile ultrafiltration method using graphene oxide (GO) and polystyrene (PS) as precursors, then annealed in N2 atmosphere at 1000°. This NCMG electrode exhibits high specific capacitance (150 F g-1), excellent rate capacity and good cycle life (98% of initial capacitance), which can be a good candidate for supercapacitor application.
Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk
Authors: Armstrong Paul R. , Morchesky Zachary J. , Hess Dustin T. , Adu Kofi W. , Essumang David. K. , Tufour Joseph K. , Koranteng-Addo Joseph E. , Opoku-Boadu Kwasi , Mensah Samuel Y.
Published: March 2014

We present preliminary results on a processing protocol by chemical activation that transforms organic waste product such as coconut husk into high surface area activated carbon. Dried raw materials of the coconut husk were carbonized anaerobically into char. The char was impregnated with KOH of different ratios and were activated at 800°C and 900°C. The transmission electron microscope was used to acquire structural and morphological information of the activated carbon, and the surface area and porosity analysis were performed using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer. The activated carbons show both micropores and mesopores with specific surface area as high as 2900m2/g.
Psychological factors to motivate sustainable behaviours
Authors: Harvey Joan , Heidrich Oliver , Cairns Kate
Published: March 2014

To encourage sustainable planning processes and behaviours in the engineering profession and the wider public there is an urgent need for policy-makers, urban planners and engineers to consider psychological factors. When urban plans, policies and projects neglect public values and beliefs, projects may be less likely to fulfil the intended aims. This paper investigates the role of psychological factors of belief, risk perception, trust and attitude in the adoption of urban plans and sustainability policies by explaining why these result in inconsistencies in behaviour. Examples are provided from the literature and recent case studies to support this and demonstrate how these factors explain the reluctance of the public to engage in sustainable behaviours. Recommendations are provided for urban planners, central and local government and engineers to achieve and maintain sustainable behaviours by the public and professionals by considering behavioural theories.
The Quantitative Prediction of Pipeline Cracks Using Metal Magnetic Memory Based on a Regression Model
Authors: Gong Lihong , Li Zhuxin , Song Zhiqiang
Published: March 2014

The technique of metal magnetic memory (MMM) has great advantages in detecting early failures such as
stress concentration and fatigue damage of ferromagnetic components, which has been widely applied due to its high
efficiency, low requirements for surface preparation and ease of operation. However, research into the quantitative
description of defect characteristics is still far from adequate. To promote relative study in this area, in this paper, a
regression model is employed to analyze the sizes of surface cracks in pipelines. Three nonlinear functions are obtained to
predict the length, width and depth of cracks respectively based on a regression model. Length prediction is convenient
and accurate, with the average coefficient of determination of training samples up to 0.994 and that of testing samples
0.962. Moreover, as the width and depth are small (less than 2 mm), the accuracy of size prediction is very high. The
obtained functions provide a useful method of predicting the crack sizes of pipelines according to MMM signals.
Effect of industrial waste and RBI Grade 81 on swelling characteristics of clayey soil
Authors: Patil B.M. , Patil K.A.
Published: March 2014

This paper deals with improvement of swelling characteristics of clayey soil
by adding industrial waste and RBI Grade 81. The construction of road in
clayey soil is challenging due to its more swelling and more shrinkage
characteristics. To overcome this problem there are two solutions one is
replace the clayey soil by good quality granular material. The second is
stabilizing the subgrade clayey soil by using various industrial wastes.
Generally pond ash, fly ash and stone dust are use for soil stabilization.
The swelling and shrinkage characteristics of clayey soil are considerably
improved if it treated with industrial wastes and RBI Grade 81. The RBI Grade
81 is chemical soil stabilizer. The differential free swell index (DFS) test
was carried out on different mix of soil, industrial waste and RBI Grade 81.
The result shows that the DFS index of untreated soil obtained is 65% reduces
to 35% by addition of 20% fly ash and 4% RBI Grade 81. This reduction in DFS
index helps to reduce the effect of moisture variation in clayey soil.
Urban development and influential factors on urban form of towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period of socialism and transition: Case study of Banjaluka and Trebinje
Authors: Milojevic Brankica
Published: March 2014

Throughout the history, the urban development of towns in Bosnia and
Herzegovina has been strongly influenced by different social systems that
were transponed into the urban space giving it general characteristics common
for the most cities. The character of the urban form of cities also pointed
to the influence of various individual factors which can be generally
classified into three groups: the natural characteristics of the urban space,
created physical structure and the socio-economic factors. They are
permanently shaping the urban space acting interactively with different
intensity and impact giving each city the specifics that underlie its urban
identity. The most intensive development occurred during the last two
periods, the period of socialism (1945 - 1992) and the period of social
transition into the liberal democratic system, where the factors in the
socio-economic sphere have achieved an especially large impact on the urban
form. This paper presents the general characteristics of urban development
and influential factors on the urban form of Banjaluka and Trebinje from 1945
until today.
Physical Therapy 2.0: Leveraging Social Media to Engage Patients in Rehabilitation and Health Promotion
Authors: Knight Emily , Werstine Robert J. , Rasmussen-Pennington Diane M. , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Petrella Robert J.
Published: March 2014

Care for chronic conditions and noncommunicable diseases is dominating health systems around the globe. For physical therapists, this strain presents a substantial opportunity for engaging patients in health promotion and disease management in the years to come. Examples of social media being used to engage consumers in the business landscape are pervasive, and research reports suggest that patients are ready for social media to be incorporated into the way health care systems deliver care. We propose that leveraging the power and utility of existing technologies, such as social media, could innovate the way physical therapists engage patients in rehabilitation and health promotion practices, thus contributing to the evolution of the profession: Physical Therapy 2.0. To continue to be relevant in the community, physical therapist practice must respond to patients' needs and expectations. Incorporating social media into how physical therapists are both designing and delivering care holds potential for enhancing patient engagement in prescribed health behaviors and improving treatment outcomes. This conceptual article presents the perspective that physical therapists can utilize social media to enhance care delivery and treatment outcomes.
Measles outbreak on a cruise ship in the western Mediterranean, February 2014, preliminary report
Authors: Lanini S , Capobianchi M R , Puro V , Filia A , Del Manso M , Kärki T , Nicoletti L , Magurano F , Derrough T , Severi E , Bonfigli S , Lauria F N , Ippolito G , Vellucci L , Pompa M G , the Central task force for the measles outbreak Collective
Published: March 2014

A measles outbreak occurred in February 2014 on a ship cruising the western Mediterranean Sea. Overall 27 cases were reported: 21 crew members, four passengers. For two cases the status crew or passenger was unknown. Genotype B3 was identified. Because of different nationalities of cases and persons on board, the event qualified as a cross-border health threat. The Italian Ministry of Health coordinated rapid response. Alerts were posted through the Early Warning and Response System.
Observer reliability of arteriovenous malformations grading scales using current imaging modalities
Authors: Griessenauer Christoph J. , Miller Joseph H. , Agee Bonita S. , Fisher Winfield S. , Curé Joel K. , Chapman Philip R. , Foreman Paul M. , Fisher Wilson A. M. , Witcher Adam C. , Walters Beverly C.
Published: March 2014

Object

The aim of this study was to examine observer reliability of frequently used arteriovenous malformation (AVM) grading scales, including the 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale, the 3-tier Spetzler-Ponce scale, and the Pollock-Flickinger radiosurgery-based scale, using current imaging modalities in a setting closely resembling routine clinical practice.

Methods

Five experienced raters, including 1 vascular neurosurgeon, 2 neuroradiologists, and 2 senior neurosurgical residents independently reviewed 15 MRI studies, 15 CT angiograms, and 15 digital subtraction angiograms obtained at the time of initial diagnosis. Assessments of 5 scans of each imaging modality were repeated for measurement of intrarater reliability. Three months after the initial assessment, raters reassessed those scans where there was disagreement. In this second assessment, raters were asked to justify their rating with comments and illustrations. Generalized kappa (κ) analysis for multiple raters, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W), and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied to determine interrater reliability. For intrarater reliability analysis, Cohen's kappa (κ), Kendall's correlation coefficient (tau-b), and ICC were used to assess repeat measurement agreement for each rater.

Results

Interrater reliability for the overall 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale was fair to good (ICC = 0.69) to extremely strong (Kendall's W = 0.73) on initial assessment and improved on reassessment. Assessment of CT angiograms resulted in the highest agreement, followed by MRI and digital subtraction angiography. Agreement for the overall 3-tier Spetzler-Ponce grade was fair to good (ICC = 0.68) to strong (Kendall's W = 0.70) on initial assessment, improved on reassessment, and was comparable to agreement for the 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale. Agreement for the overall Pollock-Flickinger radiosurgery-based grade was excellent (ICC = 0.89) to extremely strong (Kendall's W = 0.81). Intrarater reliability for the overall 5-tier Spetzler-Martin grade was excellent (ICC > 0.75) in 3 of the 5 raters and fair to good (ICC > 0.40) in the other 2 raters.

Conclusion

The 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale, the 3-tier Spetzler-Ponce scale, and the Pollock-Flickinger radiosurgery-based scale all showed a high level of agreement. The improved reliability on reassessment was explained by a training effect from the initial assessment and the requirement to defend the rating, which outlines a potential downside for grades determined as part of routine clinical practice to be used for scientific purposes.
Digital Rhetoric and Globalization
Authors: Verhulsdonck Gustav
Published: March 2014

Digital rhetoric has been discussed by many theorists as comprising a marked shift from ancient rhetoric's focus on persuasion. For some of the earlier theorists, digital rhetoric defined a novel relationship between literacy and the mechanics of text as computer-mediated communication and changed relationships between consuming, producing and engaging with discourse as information on a screen. Later digital rhetoricians argue different approaches and definitions that are more inclusive of the different types of discourse facilitated by multimodal, interactive, immersive, and computer-mediated communication as semantic discourse at the interface level and encoded through computer programming language, servers, and networks. This chapter focuses on the different modes of digital rhetoric in the context of globalization through a convergence-continuum model approach. The model presented approaches rhetoric and discourse from various levels as loosely based on the models of activity theory, multimodality intercultural theories of globalization and integrates them into a continuum model ranging from global, public modes to individual, personal digital rhetorical modes and practices. Instead of being prescriptive, this model is descriptive in recognizing the fluid natures of digital rhetorical interactions whereby global and local, public and private, group and individual, production and consumption, human and technological, physical and virtual and other discourse contexts merge.
Decoding What is Good in Code
Authors: Maher Jennifer Helene
Published: March 2014

Programming benefits from universal standards that facilitate effective global transmission of information. The Unicode Standard, for example, is a character encoding system that aims to assign a unique number set to each letter, mark, and symbol in the world's various written systems, including Arabic, Korean, Cherokee, and even Cuneiform. As the quantity of these numerical encodings grow, the differences among the written systems of natural languages pose increasingly little consequence to the artificial languages of both programmers and machines. However, the instrumental, technical effects of Unicode must not be mistaken as its only effects. Recognized as a metaphysical object in its own right, Unicode, specifically, and code, generally, creates a protocol for the actualization of moral and political values. This chapter examines how Microsoft's inclusion and then deletion of the Unicode encodings U+5350 and U+534D in its Office Bookshelf Symbol 7 font illustrates how technically successful coding can be rhetorically buggy, meaning that it invokes competing ethical values that, in this case, involve free speech, anti-Semitism, and Western privilege.
Social Media in an Intercultural Writing Context
Authors: García Ma Pilar Milagros
Published: March 2014

The current research study is part of a larger project that aims to analyze ways in which first year intercultural writing students interpret/understand the impact of social media on their composition practices, critical thinking processes and knowledge negotiations processes. In particular, the current chapter attempts to understand how first year intercultural writing students reflect on and assess the ways social media has helped them practice and or/acquire more critical thinking skills.
Digital Literacy Instruction in Afghanistan
Authors: Edwards Mike
Published: March 2014

This chapter uses the American military's purchase of a $5.6 million contract to supply the National Military Academy of Afghanistan with laptop computers as the occasion to investigate the complex and overdetermined intersections of digital, administrative, and literacy technologies. These intersections and the challenges they produced for the author as a Western mentor working with Afghan postsecondary instructors in ESL and digital literacies reveal the problematic homogenizing Western economic and cultural assumptions and the intense naturalization of administrative technologies that accompany the denaturalized use of digital and textual technologies in global contexts. The connections of those challenges to recent scholarship in rhetoric and composition highlight the limitations of that scholarship's conception of political economy in a global digital context and also offers new possibilities for imagining hybrid multilingual digital literacies on a global scale.
“A Genuine Moment of Liberation for Me:”
Authors: Faulkner Julie
Published: March 2014

This chapter argues that participation in a digital self-presentation has the potential to challenge inscribed approaches to learning and teaching. It draws from a study of preservice teachers at an Australian university, who were invited to create a digital introduction as part of their English teaching method course. Such a task offered students opportunities to experiment with shifting semiotic forms in ways unavailable to written introductions. Students were asked to critically reflect after the presentation on aspects of technology, representation and learning that were brought into focus in and through their presentations. A semiotic analysis offers insights into the potential of multimodality, as the digital introduction pushed the participants out of familiar territory, often producing creative and stimulating texts. Using Kress's concept of synaesthesia, the chapter explores innovations possible in the creation of new possibilities in a multimodal space.
Contributions to the age of the Gaspé sandstone and Gaspé limestone
Authors: Boucot A J , Cumming L M , Jaeger H
Published: March 2014

Restudy of the fauna of the lower part of the Gaspe Sandstone Group shows that at least the lower one-fifth (approximately 2, 000 feet of strata) of this group is Lower Devonian. In eastern Gaspe, the York River Formation is of Etymothyris zone age: in western
Gaspe, the 'Heppel' Formation is of Etymothyris and Amphigenia zone age. The brachiopod genera Rhenorensselaeria, Prionothyris and Globithyris are present in the Gaspe Sandstone. These genera are known elsewhere only from the upper part of the Lower Devonian. "Spirifer" mucronatus var. posterus
Kindle non Hall and Clarke, previously recorded from the 'Heppel' Formation, is redetermined as Howellella aff. H. nictavensis (Dawson), a species present in the Lower Devonian of Nova Scotia and in the Lower Devonian Tomhegan Formation of Maine. A gastropod from the Gaspe Sandstone, Nylanderina n.
genus, occurs in the Lower Devonian Tomhegan Formation, and in the Lower Devonian beds near Highland Mills, New York. The Gaspe Sandstone Group is conformably underlain by the Gaspe Limestone Group. The age of the upper part of the Gaspe Limestone Group (Grande Greve Formation) is also Lower
Devonian. The occurrence of Monograptus aequabilis (Pribyl, 1941) in a lower part of the Gaspe Limestone Group (Cape Bon Ami Formation) suggests that the base of the Gaspe Limestone Group lies near the Silurian-Devonian boundary. Monograptus aequabilis indicates the presence of the M. uniformis zone
of Early Gedinnian age.
More than meets the eye: Monocular syphilis in an HIV-negative patient
Authors: Strickland Nichole E , Strickland Amanda L. , Feldman Mark
Published: March 2014

A 50-year old heterosexual male presented with discomfort in his left eye and abnormal behavior. Physical examination showed a red eye suggestive of uveitis. He was found to have a reactive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test in high titer and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, with a reactive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titer in the CSF. Testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 was negative. He was diagnosed with ocular/neurosyphilis and treated with intravenous (IV) penicillin G for 14 days followed by an intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin, with complete resolution of ocular findings and behavioral changes. This report illustrates an unusual presentation of ocular/neurosyphilis in an HIV-negative i
Influence of the Cobalt Phase on the Highly Efficient Growth of MWNTs
Authors: Milone Candida , Piperopoulos Elpida , Lanza Maurizio , Santangelo Saveria , Malara Angela , Mastronardo Emanuela , Galvagno Signorino
Published: March 2014

In this work, the influence of the cobalt phase on the growth of carbon nanotubes by the catalytic chemical vapour deposition of CH4 with catalysts containing Co, Mo and Mg is investigated. To this end, the catalytic behaviour of physically mixed CoO/MgO+MgMoO4 and CoMoO4+MgMoO4 is studied. The results obtained show that CoMoO4+MgMoO4 allows for the attainment of the highest CNT yield (2407 wt % against 1296 wt %). Its higher activity is ascribed to the greater formation of active sites that, in light of current assessments, are constituted by metallic cobalt adjacent to Mo2C, and the huge exfoliation of the catalyst, which contributes towards enhancing their exposure.
Nipple Reconstruction with Rolled Dermal Graft Support
Authors: Chia Hui-Ling , Wong Manzhi , Tan Bien-Keem
Published: March 2014

Background Loss of nipple projection is a common problem following nipple reconstruction. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the use of a tightly rolled dermal graft is effective in the long-term maintenance of nipple projection.

Methods Nipple reconstruction was performed using the C-V flap technique. A dermal graft was harvested from the dog-ear portion of previous scars. The graft was rolled tightly into a compact cylinder and used to augment the nipple reconstruction. Postoperatively, stacked Allevyn dressing was used for protecting the nipple from compression for a minimum of two months. Nipple projection was measured at the time of surgery and at 12 months postoperatively.

Results Forty nipple reconstructions were performed using this technique. There were 19 transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flaps, 10 latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps, and 11 tissue-expanded breast mounds. At one year, the mean projection was 0.80 cm (range, 0.62-1.22 cm). The twelve-month average maintenance of nipple projection was 70.2% for the TRAM flap group, 76.3% for the LD flap group, and 61.8% for the tissue-expanded group. In two patients with previous irradiation of the reconstructed breasts, relatively poor maintenance of nipple projection was noted (45.7%). No complications were noted, and all of the donor sites healed well primarily.

Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the use of a C-V flap with a tightly rolled dermal graft for nipple reconstruction improves the long-term maintenance of nipple projection. Its advantages include reproducibility, technical simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and minimal donor site morbidity.
A visão socioambiental da população de moradores do bairro de Candeias em relação aos resíduos sólidos encontrados aos arredores da Praia de Candeias, Jaboatão dos Guararapes (PE)
Authors: Marinho Marlane Silva , Lima Lucille Oliveira de , Campos Juliana Marta Pereira , Wanderley Jessica Wanessa Bartilotti Torres , Correia Filipe Ramos , Fernandes Múcio Luiz Banja
Published: March 2014

Poluição é o termo dado para as substâncias que provocam um efeito negativo no equilíbrio, causando danos à saúde humana, nos seres vivos e no ecossistema ali presente. Nas áreas costeiras é muito grande o número de resíduos sólidos que são jogados no litoral contribuindo, assim, para o prejuízo e degradação da fauna e flora existentes ali. Pode-se observar, na praia de Candeias, grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos ali presente, e isso vêm causando “desconforto” para a população que habitam aquela região. Metodologia embasada foi uma entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada com a população que moram aos arredores da praia de Candeias, que possui uma extensão de aproximadamente de 3 km, localizada entre as praias de Piedade ao Norte e Barra de Jangada ao Sul, pertencentes ao município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco. A entrevista foi realizada com 66 moradores e turistas no local, onde o objetivo era saber dos mesmos, quais conhecimentos deles sobre o descarte e coleta de resíduos sólidos na praia de Candeias. Dos entrevistados 44 % eram mulheres e 56% homens, sendo que 83 % eram moradores e 17 % eram turistas. 71 % dos entrevistados acham que a responsabilidade da sujeira é de todos que frequentam a praia. 31% dos resíduos sólidos encontrados na praia são copos descartáveis, 21 % são restos de alimentos e sacos plásticos e 19 % são garrafas. 72 % dos que frequentam a praia recolhe seus resíduos. 50 % veem regularmente a coleta na praia e 32 % admite que nunca viram nenhum tipo de coleta. 47 % dos entrevistados responderam que o trabalho de coleta da EMLURB é regular e 4% acharam que é um ótimo trabalho. 92 % dos entrevistados acham insuficientes os coletores nos arredores da praia. 50 % dos entrevistados acham que a educação domestica é o principal motivo de resíduos na praia. Mas 30 % responderam que a falta de conscientização ambiental é o principal motivo. Já 17 % responderam que a causa do acumulo é a falta de coletores. É de fato que a questão do acúmulo de resíduos sólidos na praia de Candeias afeta a população nos arredores. Um dos fatores principais que os entrevistados reclamaram seria a falta de coletores, na qual, a coleta feita pela EMLURB foi considerada regular. Entretanto, os entrevistados acreditam que a falta educação doméstica e a conscientização ambiental também influenciam no acúmulo de resíduos na praia.
Contaminação ambiental decorrente da liberação de metais pesados pelos alginatos odontológicos
Authors: Bezerra Jardeson Joaquim , Melo Alison Mendes Silva de , Silva Evandro Valentim da
Published: March 2014

Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo a análise dos compostos do alginato, um material de moldagem de uso comum na prática odontológica por ser barato, de fácil manipulação e boa capacidade de reprodução de detalhes. Ele tem em sua composição muitas substâncias como zinco, cádmio, silicato de chumbo e fluoretos que foram adicionadas em várias marcas de alginatos com o objetivo de melhorar suas propriedades físicas, químicas e mecânicas. Porém se tornaram causa de preocupação no que se refere á toxicidade desses matériais e suas consequências. É necessário que haja um controle contínuo de metais e substâncias potencialmente tóxicas nos alginatos para se evitar a contaminação dos profissionais da área odontológica, dos pacientes e, sobretudo a contaminação do ambiente. O alginato para uso odontológico contém vários componentes, com diferentes finalidades, assim, a terra diatomácea e o óxido de zinco atuam como carga, influenciando as propriedades físicas e o tempo de presa do gel, o sulfato de cálcio é empregado como ativador da reação e os fluoretos, como fluoreto de titânio, são acrescentados à fórmula como aceleradores de presa e ainda asseguram que a superfície do gesso quando vazado sobre o molde tenha dureza e densidade adequadas. O cádmio é um poluente que causa preocupação mundial, devido a sua elevada toxicidade mesmo em concentrações muito baixas, como também pela sua meia vida longa nos seres humanos, numa variação de 10 a 30 anos. Também pode ser armazenado durante longo período em vários tecidos do organismo como coração, baço, testículos e pâncreas. Esse metal provoca malformações fetais, alterações no sistema nervoso, perturbações do metabolismo do cálcio, que podem se manifestar como osteoporose, osteomalácia e a doença "itai-itai", se existirem deficiências nutricionais. Devido a presença de metais pesados na composição dos alginatos o seu uso deve requerer algumas precauções, assim essa revisão tenta alerta do perigo desses materiais para o meio ambiente, tentando abrir os olhos da comunidade odontológica, para que haja uma atenção especifica para a manipulação e descarte desse material.
Erosão e remodelagem do sedimento na praia em Barra de Catuama, Goiana, Pernambuco
Authors: Albuquerque Filipe Henrique Cabral de , Silva David Severino da , Santos Raysa Tavares dos , Silva Evandro Valentim da , Silva Neto Jose Ferreira da , Carvalho Rita De Cássia Xavier de , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos
Published: March 2014

O Brasil possui uma grande área de linha costeira que abriga ecossistemas de alta relevância ambiental, como os manguezais e as praias arenosas. Esses ecossistemas são importantes devido à dinâmica de suas paisagens e suas riquezas em fauna e flora. Porém, esses ambientes têm sofrido uma crescente descaracterização devido à ocupação urbana desordenada e à poluição gerada por esses novos moradores.Este trabalho teve como objetivo observar os impactos ambientais causados pela ocupação urbana desordenada e as repercussões desta no manguezal da praia de Barra de Catuama, Goiana – Pernambuco.Foram realizadas incursões, nos períodos de estiagem e chuvoso, nos anos de 2006 a 2013 na praia de Barra Catuama, no município de Goiana, situado entre as coordenadas 7° 33' 38? S, 35° 0' 9? W. As avaliações ocorreram através de registros, por meio da captura de fotos, a fim de caracterizar as possíveis áreas impactadas e suas relações às ocupações urbanas.Foi constatado que o processo de erosão estava avançado. Havia destruição de construções em função do avanço do mar, mas o manguezal se mantinha aparentemente preservado, mesmo com o estabelecimento de famílias, sob condiçõesprecárias nesta área, no decorrer dos anos. Foram identificadas tentativas de contenção. O ecossistemamanguezal possui diversas funções importantes para o equilíbrio ambiental, funcionando como indicador biológico para as modificações da linha de costa, em função da rápida resposta das suas espéciesvegetais a qualquer alteração no ambiente. É o ecossistema que responde mais acentuadamente a processos geomorfológicos e sedimentares.
Avaliação da fecundidade como parâmetro de toxicidade crônica em Mysidopsis juniae
Authors: Figueiredo Livia Pitombeira de , Goncalves Jeamylle Nilin , Silva Allyson Queiroz da , Oliveira Andressa Pamela Vasconcelos , Costa-Lotufo Letícia Veras
Published: March 2014

Os testes de toxicidade mais comumente utilizados são aqueles chamados de testes agudos, onde se normalmente analisa a mortalidade dos organismos teste e frequentemente oferecem algumas limitações, principalmente aquelas relacionados ao tempo de exposição dos organismos a substância química estudada. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi padronizar um teste de toxicidade crônica de curta duração, utilizando o zinco, uma importante substância de referência, e usando para análise o parâmetro fecundidade de Mysidopsis juniae, uma espécie nativa, cultivável e reconhecidamente sensível. Para isso foi realizado foram realizados três testes do tipo estático, sem renovação e aeração, consistindo na exposição de misidáceos (10 dias de vida) em cinco concentrações de zinco (0,019; 0,038; 0,075; 0,15 e 0,30 mg.L-1.) durante 7 dias. Após a exposição, os organismos foram avaliados quanto ao sexo e a maturidade sexual. Verificou-se, ainda, a presença ou ausência de ovos no oviduto e no marsúpio das fêmeas com o auxílio do microscópio. Os resultados da exposição ao zinco na fecundidade de M. juniae não mostraram-se estatísiticamente diferentes do controle apesar da diminuição do número de fêmeas com ovos de acordo com o aumento das concentrações testadas. A avaliação desse parâmetro torna-se muitas vezes dificultada por fatores externos que podem introduzir um efeito não relacionado com a substância testada como, por exemplo, manuseio durante o experimento, que pode levar a um retardo na maturação sexual dos organismos testados ou ainda a avaliação desse parâmetro pode ser pouco robusto pela grande mortalidade dos indivíduos, já que após os vários dias de exposição sobram poucos sobreviventes para serem avaliados e, portanto, não permite uma determinação significativa dos efeitos da substância nos organismos teste. Sendo assim são necessários mais estudos que elucidem questões como a biologia e comportamento da espécie utilizada bem como de estudos com outras classes de substâncias químicas.
Determinação de chumbo no sedimento do canal prolongamento da Avenida Bento Gonçalves, como possível fonte de contaminação do Canal São Gonçalo, Pelotas (RS)
Authors: Rangel Eduarda Medran , Santos Filipe Sousa dos , Garcia John Felipe da Cruz , Rosa Nathaly Nunes da , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: March 2014

A pesquisa foi realizada no canal chamado de Canal Prolongamento da Av. Bento Gonçalves. Localizado na Região Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no município de Pelotas, é um canal que inicialmente foi criado para fins de drenagem pluvial. Este deságua no Canal São Gonçalo que está interligando a Lagoa Mirim com a laguna dos Patos. Com o passar dos anos, o canal em questão vem recebendo direta e indiretamente resíduos sólidos e líquidos, contendo diferentes contaminantes, provocando alterações físico-químicas na água e no sedimento. Devido o impacto ambiental que os resíduos dispostos no canal podem causar e concentração de metais que trazem junto a si esta pesquisa busca caracterizar as concentrações de cobre a partir de amostras coletadas ao longo do percurso do Canal na região urbana de Pelotas. As amostras depois de obtidas foram armazenadas e logo analisadas de acordo com o exigido por cada método. Através dos resultados foi possível verificar que em todos os pontos o analito analisado encontra-se dentro do valores estimados pela resolução CONAMA 344/04 níveis 1 e 2, Diretrizes para a identificação de avaliação e gestão de sedimentos contaminados no Ontário (D.O).
Estudos prospectivos dos impactos ambientais decorrentes do projeto de engorda da costa das praias de Jaboatão dos Guararapes (PE)
Authors: Marques Ana Karina Caetano dos Santos , Malinconico Nicole , Farias Pablo Cantalice Santos , Silva Andressa Vieira da , Silva Djamilla Andrade da , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos
Published: March 2014

A obra de engorda das praias de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, objetiva a contenção da erosão marítima, que está ocorrendo devido ao avanço do homem em direção à praia, através da formação de uma camada maior de areia. A realização desse trabalho se dará através de uma draga que retirará pedaços de substrato (areia), à 14 km do município, em mar aberto, e outra maior transportará este até a praia, depositando-o no determinado local e posteriormente sofrer ações efetuadoras de tratores. Esse sistema, que consiste na transferência de areia e sua realocação a fim de diminuir a erosão local é chamado de sistema by-pass. À primeira vista, a obra demonstra segurança e confiança, porém, a análise de consequências naturais é de suma importância, pois são revelados que poderão haver impactos ambientais na fauna e flora marinha e terrestres, além da promoção de mudanças significativas de fluxos de corpos d’água.