bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding Fast Transients in Real Time Using a Novel Light-curve Analysis Algorithm
Authors: Strausbaugh Robert , Cucchiara Antonino , Dow Jr. Michael , Webb Sara , Zhang Jielai , Goode Simon , Cooke Jeff
Published: January 2022

The current data acquisition rate of astronomical transient surveys and the promise for significantly higher rates in the next decade necessitate the development of novel approaches to analyze astronomical data sets and promptly detect objects of interest. The Deeper, Wider, Faster (DWF) program is a survey focused on the identification of fast-evolving transients, such as fast radio bursts, gamma-ray bursts, and supernova shock breakouts. It employs multifrequency simultaneous coverage of the same part of the sky over several orders of magnitude. Using the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4 m Blanco telescope, DWF captures a 20 s g-band exposure every minute, at a typical seeing of ∼1″ and an air mass of ∼1.5. These optical data are collected simultaneously with observations conducted over the entire electromagnetic spectrum—from radio to γ-rays—as well as cosmic-ray observations. In this paper, we present a novel real-time light-curve analysis algorithm, designed to detect transients in the DWF optical data; this algorithm functions independently from, or in conjunction with, image subtraction. We present a sample of fast transients detected by our algorithm, as well as a false-positive analysis. Our algorithm is customizable and can be tuned to be sensitive to transients evolving over different timescales and flux ranges.
Effects of Varying Mass Inflows on Star Formation in Nuclear Rings of Barred Galaxies
Authors: Moon Sanghyuk , Kim Woong-Tae , Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C.
Published: January 2022

Observations indicate that the star formation rate (SFR) of nuclear rings varies considerably with time and is sometimes asymmetric rather than being uniform across a ring. To understand what controls temporal and spatial distributions of ring star formation, we run semiglobal, hydrodynamic simulations of nuclear rings subject to time-varying and/or asymmetric mass inflow rates. These controlled variations in the inflow lead to variations in the star formation, while the ring orbital period (18 Myr) and radius (600 pc) remain approximately constant. We find that both the mass inflow rate and supernova feedback affect the ring SFR. An oscillating inflow rate with period Δτ
in and amplitude 20 causes large-amplitude (a factor of ≳5), quasi-periodic variations of the SFR when Δτ
in ≳ 50 Myr. We find that the time-varying interstellar medium (ISM) weight and midplane pressure track each other closely, establishing an instantaneous vertical equilibrium. The measured time-varying depletion time is consistent with the prediction from self-regulation theory provided the time delay between star formation and supernova feedback is taken into account. The supernova feedback is responsible only for small-amplitude (a factor of ∼2) fluctuations of the SFR with a timescale ≲40 Myr. Asymmetry in the inflow rate does not necessarily lead to asymmetric star formation in nuclear rings. Only when the inflow rate from one dust lane is suddenly increased by a large factor do the rings undergo a transient period of lopsided star formation.
Widespread 1–2 MeV Energetic Particles Associated with Slow and Narrow Coronal Mass Ejections: Parker Solar Probe and STEREO Measurements
Authors: Zhuang Bin , Lugaz Noé , Lario David
Published: January 2022

Suprathermal ions in the corona are thought to serve as seed particles for large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events associated with fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A better understanding of the role of suprathermal particles as seed populations for SEP events can be made by using observations close to the Sun. We study a series of SEP events observed by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) suite on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) from 2020 May 27 to June 2, during which PSP was at heliocentric distances between ∼0.4 and ∼0.2 au. These events were also observed by the Ahead Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO-A) near 1 au, but the particle intensity magnitude was much lower than that at PSP. We find that the SEPs should have spread in space as their source regions were distant from the nominal magnetic footpoints of both spacecraft and the parent CMEs were slow and narrow. We study the decay phase of the SEP events in the ∼1–2 MeV proton energy range at PSP and STEREO-A, and discuss their properties in terms of both continuous injections by successive solar eruptions and the distances where the measurements were made. This study indicates that seed particles can be continuously generated by eruptions associated with slow and narrow CMEs, spread over a large part of the inner heliosphere, and remain there for tens of hours, even if minimal particle intensity enhancements were measured near 1 au.
Atomic Shocks in the Outflow of L1551 IRS 5 Identified with SOFIA-upGREAT Observations of [O i]
Authors: Yang Yao-Lun , Evans Neal J. , Karska Agata , Kristensen Lars E. , Aladro Rebeca , Ramsey Jon P. , Green Joel D. , Lee Jeong-Eun
Published: January 2022

We present velocity-resolved Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)/upgrade German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies observations of [O i] and [C ii] lines toward a Class I protostar, L1551 IRS 5, and its outflows. The SOFIA observations detect [O i] emission toward only the protostar and [C ii] emission toward the protostar and the redshifted outflow. The [O i] emission has a width of ∼100 km s−1 only in the blueshifted velocity, suggesting an origin in shocked gas. The [C ii] lines are narrow, consistent with an origin in a photodissociation region. Differential dust extinction from the envelope due to the inclination of the outflows is the most likely cause of the missing redshifted [O i] emission. Fitting the [O i] line profile with two Gaussian components, we find one component at the source velocity with a width of ∼20 km s−1 and another extremely broad component at −30 km s−1 with a width of 87.5 km s−1, the latter of which has not been seen in L1551 IRS 5. The kinematics of these two components resemble cavity shocks in molecular outflows and spot shocks in jets. Radiative transfer calculations of the [O i], high-J CO, and H2O lines in the cavity shocks indicate that [O i] dominates the oxygen budget, making up more than 70% of the total gaseous oxygen abundance and suggesting [O]/[H] of ∼1.5 × 10−4. Attributing the extremely broad [O i] component to atomic winds, we estimate an intrinsic mass-loss rate of (1.3 ± 0.8) × 10−6
M
⊙ yr−1. The intrinsic mass-loss rates derived from low-J CO, [O i], and H i are similar, supporting the model of momentum-conserving outflows, where the atomic wind carries most momentum and drives the molecular outflows.
PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND NUCLEAR ROCKET CARRIERS IN THE CONTEXT NORTH KOREA PROBLEMATICS
Authors: Kulhánek Ladislav
Published: January 2022

The study analyses the implications and seeks linkages between North Korea's weaponization and selected allied states on the commercial level, which is assessed in the context of economics, technology, political situation, power issues and security. The actors analysed are dependent on foreign aid, particularly North Korean aid, despite the strong motivational tendencies and the resources invested in both missile and nuclear programmes
An Analysis of Financial Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic among People in Indonesia: A Case of Health Personnel
Authors: Hadning Ingenida , Ainii N. Qurrotu’
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a financial impact among people in Indonesia, including health workers as the frontline in handling COVID-19 patients.

AIM: This study aims to determine the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among health workers in Indonesia.

METHODOLOGY: This observational and cross-sectional study involved 184 health workers. Data analysis was performed using the descriptive analysis method by calculating each variable’s average score, comparing the averages for income variables and expenditure variables.

RESULTS: The average income before the pandemic was IDR 15,100,000 ± 10,909,764, while the average income during the pandemic was IDR 13,993,206 ± 10,210,825. Before the pandemic, the average expenditure was IDR 4,590,266 ± 3,142,722, while the average expenditure during the pandemic was IDR 5,733,967 ± 4,249,593. The average decrease in income was IDR 1,106,793 ± 2,473,370 with a significance of p = 0.000 and an average increase in expenditure was IDR 1,144,701 ± 1,841,336 with a significance of p = 0.000. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all respondents were still working and earning a salary. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of respondents who opened businesses and practices due to the business or the practice of getting unwell. The majority of respondents experienced dominant changes in expenditures for health needs, foodstuffs, processed food/beverages, and phone credit/data package. Furthermore, the majority of respondents had difficulty in meeting the need for credit installments.

CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health workers experienced a decrease in productivity in the form of a significant decrease in income and a significant increase in expenditure. There was a decrease in the number of respondents who opened businesses, and most respondents experienced dominant changes in expenditures for health needs.
Assessment of Characteristics, Sources, and Anxiety Levels in Women with Single Parent Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hernawaty Taty , Suryani Suryani , Ibrahim Kusman , Songwathana Praneed , Arifin Hidayat
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an impact on people globally, including mothers living in coastal regions. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the psychological status of single mothers living in the coastal regions of Indonesia.

METHODS: A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional design was used with non-probability sampling in coastal regions of West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale was used to assess the anxiety level of single mothers.

RESULTS: The anxiety of single mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic was generally moderate (n = 45.77.59%), with 44.83% attributing it to health and the economy. Furthermore, previous results showed that this condition was observed in the elderly (n = 38.65.52%), though it lasted <5 years in the majority of cases (n = 33.56.90%). Symptoms associated with the anxiety of single mothers during the pandemic include an increase in restlessness, nervousness, and anxiety.

CONCLUSION: The economy and health of single mothers were the primary sources of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. A high percentage of these women suffer from mild anxiety and require immediate care to prevent the development of other health problems. Therefore, health cadres and community nurses are expected to take action to achieve optimal psychological welfare among single mothers during the pandemic. Further study can be conducted by focusing on the theme of defense mechanisms or resilience.
Ultrastructure of androconia and surrounding scales of nine species of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Pan Yue , Yu Zhuoshu , Yuan Xiangqun
Published: January 2022

The ultrastructure of androconia and their surrounding scales of nine species in nine genera across four subfamilies of Hesperiidae is studied. This provides a basis for the classification and identification of some genera and species. The wing surface of the scent glands patches was cut with scissors, observed and photographed under an S-4800 scanning electron microscope (at 10.0 kV accelerated pressure). There were significant differences in the types of scent glands patches across subfamilies. The scent glands patches of Pyrginae and Dudaminae are mainly in the costal fold of the forewing, while those of Coeliadinae and Hesperiinae are mainly in the line or circular stigma on the wing surface. The length, breadth and aperture of the androconia were further measured and the data are analysed by variance and multiple comparisons. There are significant differences amongst the subfamilies, except for Dudaminae and Pyrginae. In Hesperiinae, Telicota colon (Fabricius, 1775) and Ampittia virgata (Leech, 1890) have no significant difference in the aperture of the androconia, but are significantly different from Thymelicus leoninus (Butler, 1878). There are significant differences in the aperture between Pyrgus alveus’s (Hübner, 1803) androconium and the second androconium of Lobocla bifasciata (Bremer & Grey, 1853), but not with the first androconium of Lobocla bifasciata. The morphology of androconia in the scent glands patches is very similar in Hesperiinae; all are rod-shaped and paddle-like. The scale types around the scent glands patches are different, but there are one or two similar types. To a certain extent, the aperture of the androconia reflects the genetic relationships between subfamilies and species. The differences in scale type and structure of scent glands patches can be used as a reference for the classification of subfamilies and genera in Hesperiidae.
When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate
Authors: Robles José-Manuel , Guevara Juan-Antonio , Casas-Mas Belén , Gómez Daniel
Published: January 2022

The contexts of social and political polarization are generating new forms of communication that affect the digital public sphere. In these environments, different social and political actors contribute to extreme their positions, using bots to create spaces for social distancing where hate speech and incivility have a place, a phenomenon that worries scientists and experts. The main objective of this research is to analyze the role that these automated agents played in the debate on social networks about the Spanish Government’s management of the global COVID-19 pandemic. For this, “Social Big Data Analysis” techniques were applied: “machine learning algorithms to know the positioning of users; bot detection algorithms; “topic modeling” techniques to learn about the topics of the debate on the web, and sentiment analysis. We used a database comprised of Twitter messages published during the confinement, as a result of the Spanish state of alarm. The main conclusion is that the bots could have served to design a political propaganda campaign initiated by traditional actors with the aim of increasing tension in an environment of social emergency. It is argued that, although these agents are not the only actors that increase polarization, they do contribute to deepening the debate on certain key issues, increasing negativity.

Los contextos de polarización social y política están generando nuevas formas de comunicar que inciden en la esfera pública digital. En estos entornos, distintos actores sociales y políticos estarían contribuyendo a extremar sus posicionamientos, utilizando «bots» para crear espacios de distanciamiento social en los que tienen cabida el discurso del odio y la «incivility», un fenómeno que preocupa a científicos y expertos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar el rol que desempeñaron estos agentes automatizados en el debate en redes sociales sobre la gestión del Gobierno de España durante la pandemia global de COVID-19. Para ello, se han aplicado técnicas de «Social Big Data Analysis»: algoritmos de «machine learning» para conocer el posicionamiento de los usuarios; algoritmos de detección de «bots»; técnicas de «topic modeling» para conocer los temas del debate en la red, y análisis de sentimiento. Se ha utilizado una base de datos compuesta por mensajes de Twitter publicados durante el confinamiento iniciado a raíz del estado de alarma español. La principal conclusión es que los «bots» podrían haber servido para diseñar una campaña de propaganda política iniciada por actores tradicionales con el objetivo de aumentar la crispación en un ambiente de emergencia social. Se sostiene que, aunque dichos agentes no son los únicos actores que aumentan la polarización, sí coadyuvan a extremar el debate sobre determinados temas clave, incrementando la negatividad.
Detection of traits in students with suicidal tendencies on Internet applying Web Mining
Authors: Castillo-Zúñiga Iván , Luna-Rosas Francisco-Javier , López-Veyna Jaime-Iván
Published: January 2022

This article presents an Internet data analysis model based on Web Mining with the aim to find knowledge about large amounts of data in cyberspace. To test the proposed method, suicide web pages were analyzed as a study case to identify and detect traits in students with suicidal tendencies. The procedure considers a Web Scraper to locate and download information from the Internet, as well as Natural Language Processing techniques to retrieve the words. To explore the information, a dataset based on Dynamic Tables and Semantic Ontologies was constructed, specifying the predictive variables in young people with suicidal inclination. Finally, to evaluate the efficiency of the model, Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms were used. It should be noticed that the procedures for the construction of the dataset (using Genetic Algorithms) and obtaining the knowledge (using Parallel Computing and Acceleration with GPU) were optimized. The results reveal an accuracy of 96.28% on the detection of characteristics in adolescents with suicidal tendencies, reaching the best result through a Recurrent Neural Network with 98% accuracy. It is inferred that the model is viable to establish bases on mechanisms of action and prevention of suicidal behaviors, which can be implemented in educational institutions or different social actors.

Este artículo presenta un modelo de análisis de datos en Internet basado en Minería Web con el objetivo de encontrar conocimiento sobre grandes cantidades de datos en el ciberespacio. A fin de probar el método propuesto, se analizaron páginas web sobre el suicidio como caso de estudio con la intención de identificar y detectar rasgos en estudiantes con tendencias suicidas. El procedimiento considera un Web Scraper para localizar y descargar información de Internet, así como técnicas de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural para la recuperación de los vocablos. Con el propósito de explorar la información, se construyó un conjunto de datos basado en Tablas Dinámicas y Ontologías Semánticas, especificando las variables predictivas en jóvenes con inclinación suicida. Por último, para evaluar la eficiencia del modelo se utilizaron algoritmos de Aprendizaje de Máquina y Aprendizaje Profundo. Cabe destacar que se optimizaron los procedimientos para la construcción del dataset (utilizando Algoritmos Genéticos) y obtención del conocimiento empleando Cómputo Paralelo y Aceleración con Unidades de Procesamientos de Gráfico (GPU). Los resultados revelan una precisión del 96,28% sobre la detección de las características en adolescentes con tendencia suicida, alcanzando el mejor resultado a través de una Red Neuronal Recurrente con un 98% de precisión. De donde se infiere que el modelo es viable para establecer bases sobre mecanismos de actuación y prevención de comportamientos suicidas, que pueden ser implementados en instituciones educativas o distintos actores de la sociedad.
Booktokers: Generating and sharing book content on TikTok
Authors: Guiñez-Cabrera Nataly , Mansilla-Obando Katherine
Published: January 2022

Reading is essential for learning in education. However, the digital revolution has transformed the ways to encourage reading and learning about books. People who generate and share content about books on social networks are the so-called booktokers, influencers on TikTok who have become an emerging phenomenon in this connected society. However, there is scarce research that studies them in depth. Therefore, it is crucial to explore booktokers to understand them better and to assess why they accept and use technologies to generate and share content about books on TikTok. This paper intends to explore the acceptance and use of TikTok to generate and share content about books on this social network as a booktoker. For this, a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews with thirteen Latin American booktokers was used. The analysis was developed through a thematic analysis based on the UTAUT2 theory to explain the findings. The results indicated the categories: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, price value, and a new identified category related to the generation of community and networks. This study constitutes one of the pioneering works in the exploration of the booktoker phenomenon.

La lectura es fundamental para el aprendizaje en la educación. Si bien, la revolución digital ha transformado la manera de incentivar la lectura y conocer sobre libros. Las personas que generan y comparten contenidos sobre libros en las redes sociales son los denominados booktokers, influencers de la red social TikTok, quienes se han convertido en un fenómeno emergente en esta sociedad conectada, pero aún con poca investigación que los estudie en profundidad. Por lo tanto, es crucial explorar para una mayor comprensión a los booktokers y conocer por qué aceptan y usan tecnologías para generar y compartir contenidos sobre libros en la red social TikTok. Se pretende explorar la aceptación y uso de TikTok para generar y compartir contenido sobre libros en esta red social siendo un booktoker. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa de entrevistas semiestructuradas a trece booktokers latinoamericanos. El análisis se desarrolló por medio de un análisis temático basándonos en la teoría UTAUT2 para explicar los hallazgos. Los resultados indicaron las categorías: la expectativa de desempeño, la expectativa de esfuerzo, la influencia social, las condiciones facilitadoras, la motivación hedónica, el hábito, el precio y una nueva categoría identificada que es generar comunidad y redes. La contribución de este estudio es ser uno de los pioneros en la exploración del fenómeno de los booktokers.
Minimal surface generating flow for space curves of non-vanishing torsion
Authors: Minarčík Jiří , Beneš Michal
Published: January 2022

This article introduces new geometric flow for space curves with positive curvature and torsion. Curves evolving according to this motion law trace out a zero mean curvature surface. First, the geometry of surfaces defined as trajectories of moving curves is analyzed and the minimal surface generating flow is derived. Then, an upper bound for the area of the generated minimal surface and for the terminating time of the flow is provided.
OLHAR SOBRE OS IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL EM UMA ESCOLA INDÍGENA
Authors: Mineiro Suzana Kagmu
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo visa lançar um olhar sobre os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na educação infantil de uma escola indígena do Estado do Paraná. Para tanto é direcionado pelas seguintes problemáticas: como a educação infantil em escola indígena foi realizada em tempo de pandemia? E quais são as ações pós-pandemia da Covid-19? Para melhor compreensão deste contexto escolar foram investigadas as estratégias utilizadas, seus sucessos e insucessos. O recorte espacial se deu sobre uma escola indígena localizada na Terra Indígena Rio das Cobras – PR. A pesquisa apresenta abordagem qualitativa com delineamento exploratório, por meio de bibliografias, entrevistas e questionários semiabertos.
PAPEL DA MULHER NA MANUTENÇÃO DA LÍNGUA KAINGANG NA TERRA INDÍGENA (TI) - APUCARANINHA
Authors: Domingues Gislaine
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo tecemos algumas considerações a respeito das atitudes linguísticas  das mulheres Kaingang, moradores da TI-Apucaraninha, PR. Entendendo a língua como um importante fator de identidade cultural, apresentamos parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa, desenvolvida por uma pesquisadora Kaingang nativa e moradora da aldeia e outra não indígena, que trata a respeito das atitudes das falantes indígenas bilíngues, da já referida localidade, em relação ao uso das línguas Kaingang e Portuguesa, no espaço da aldeia. Para a discussão proposta, trazemos a análise de duas entrevistas, realizadas com falantes bilíngues, moradores da TI. A análise dos dados é sustentada pelos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Sociolinguística, em sua perspectiva macro. Como resultado podemos observar que as atitudes positivas em favor do Kaingang e a relação das mulheres com a língua vem contribuindo para a manutenção e vitalidade dessa língua, um meio de resistência e afirmação de identidade.
MEMÓRIAS DE UM PROFESSOR INDÍGENA
Authors: Konhko Fortes Josme
Published: January 2022

Esse estudo assume uma característica biográfica e memorial, na qual apresenta-se a trajetória de vida do pesquisador, de sua infância até a vida adulta, da vida escolar até vida acadêmica. Discutem-se aspectos de sua cultura e de sua diferença em relação a outras culturas, de como os mais velhos educam e a forma que seus pais lhe educaram. O fio condutor do texto memorial exposto é a trajetória de vida do professor até sua inserção no ensino superior, evidenciando suas descontinuidades, poucas oportunidades e enfrentamentos pessoais para a realização de seu projeto.
REFEJ E KONHKO
Authors: Chaves Amorim Gabriel , Refej Cardoso Dorvalino , Konhko Fortes Josme
Published: January 2022

São apresentadas duas entrevistas com os professores Dorvalino Refej Cardoso e Josme Konhko Fortes (in memoriam) realizadas nos anos de 2018 e 2019 na comunidade kanhgág Por Fi Ga em São Leopoldo, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Consideraciones sobre el silencio teológico de la iglesia Bautista de Cuba occidental durante las décadas de los sesenta y setenta del siglo XX
Authors: Pérez Valencia Felipe , González Rodríguez Rómulo Félix
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo explica las múltiples causas que condicionaron lo que los autores llaman “el silencio teológico de la Iglesia Bautista de Cuba Occidental”. Dicho fenómeno, expresión de la interacción entre los cambios sociopolíticos operados al interior del proceso revolucionario iniciado en 1959, más específicamente, de la introducción del marxismo como ideología para la reconstrucción del país, y del conservadurismo sociopolítico de dicha iglesia, creó en una especie de mutismo teológico que la incapacitó para recuperar su utilidad social y superar su estado de marginalidad social. El trabajo que se presenta, apoyándose en el análisis histórico y en la historia oral, explica, en un primer momento. la génesis del carácter histórico de institución receptora –y no productora– de teología de la Iglesia Bautista de Cuba Occidental y de su conservadurismo sociopolítico. En un segundo momento, se explica el porqué en una época donde las transformaciones sociopolíticas introducidas en la sociedad por la Revolución cubana exigieron de las organizaciones eclesiásticas la reorientación de su misión para adaptarse a las necesidades de la nueva sociedad socialista, la Iglesia Bautista de Cuba Occidental continuó siendo una institución teológicamente estéril, permaneciendo en la marginalidad social.
Marchas de oración, una estrategia de las iglesias cristianas para interpretar la realidad violenta en la ciudad de Minatitlán, estado de Veracruz, México
Authors: Rivas Martínez Danna Ruth Eunice , Jiménez Medina Luis
Published: January 2022

Este articulo analiza la marcha de oración que un grupo de iglesias realiza en el municipio de Minatitlán del Estado de Veracruz, México Sur para hacer frente a la violencia y a las necesidades sociales. Metodológicamente se recurrió a un análisis de “etnografía militante”, a partir de este enfoque, la interpretación de la marcha de oración se construyó por medio de una reflexión epistemológica basada en el encuentro de intersubjetividades, la otredad y el etnógrafo dentro de la comunicación intersubjetiva. Se exponen las prácticas colectivas que amplían los estados anímicos y permite al creyente crear escenarios imaginarios a través de la religión para disipar miedos y expresar las inconformidades, más allá de los lineamientos de la vida social y política de la ciudad. Se concluye que los actos religiosos son oraciones o plegarias que se realizan en términos rituales de manera normativa, con uniformes, movimientos corporales, con expresiones verbales y con objetivos comunes.
SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy and potential role of anticoagulation: Scoping review of literature
Authors: Zehra Naseem  , Khakwani Muhammad Mussab , Maaha Ayub  , Ahmed Ayaz  , Bushra Jamil  , Arshad Ainan
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can vary on a spectrum of asymptomatic disease to rarer manifestations like hypercoagulability especially among elderly patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and those with preexisting comorbidities. The exact mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unclear, however studies have shown an association with elevated cytokines and severe inflammatory response which encompasses this disease. Hypercoagulability can be limited to the lungs, or present as systemic manifestations of arterial and venous thrombosis leading to mortal outcomes. Thus, careful evaluation of risk factors should be performed by physicians and treatment with anticoagulants should be modified accordingly. All Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in-patients should receive thromboprophylactic therapy, with increased dosages administered to patients with increased disease severity or those with a high risk. D-dimer levels and sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score aid in identifying high risk patients and predicting outcome. This article highlights the pathophysiology behind hypercoagulability, its clinical associations and discusses therapeutic modalities to combat this fatal consequence of SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluating the Effects of a Medication Adherence Packaging Program on Outcomes in Older People
Authors: Shope Cori J. , Bruno Matthew , Ruby Christine M. , Naumovski John , Iasella Carlo J. , Aspinall Monica
Published: January 2022

Objective To determine the impact of an adherence packaging and medication synchronization program on hospital visits for older people living independently in the community. Design A retrospective pre-post study that evaluated patient outcomes over a 24-month
period was conducted. Patient-specific socio-demographic, medical, and hospital visit-related data were collected for 12 months before and after patient enrollment in the adherence packaging program. Setting The study was conducted at Rx Partners LTC, LLC, a University
of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) pharmacy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants Patients 65 years of age or older, of any gender, with UPMC Health Plan insurance coverage, who enrolled in the adherence packaging program between July 2019 and December 2019.
Intervention Enrollment in the adherence packaging program included medication synchronization and packaging in prefilled medication sets delivered to the patient’s home monthly. Monthly medication reconciliation and review by clinical pharmacists was an included value-added
service. Results Of the 92 patients included in the analysis, 60 had hospital visits during their pre-enrollment period for a total of 146 visits, compared with 54 patients in the postenrollment period totaling 126 visits; however, the mean rate of hospital visits was not
statistically significant (1.59 versus 1.37; P = 0.48). Pharmacists prevented 1.87 medication errors/patient in the postenrollment setting. Conclusion Enrollment in the program was associated with fewer hospital visits, though not statistically significant, and pharmacists
had abundant opportunity to prevent medication errors and optimize regimens. Further evaluation is warranted in a larger cohort.
A characterization of the product of the rational numbers and complete Erdős space
Authors: Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodrigo , Zaragoza Alfredo
Published: January 2022

Erdős space
$\mathfrak {E}$
and complete Erdős space
$\mathfrak {E}_{c}$
have been previously shown to have topological characterizations. In this paper, we provide a topological characterization of the topological space
$\mathbb {Q}\times \mathfrak {E}_{c}$
, where
$\mathbb {Q}$
is the space of rational numbers. As a corollary, we show that the Vietoris hyperspace of finite sets
$\mathcal {F}(\mathfrak {E}_{c})$
is homeomorphic to
$\mathbb {Q}\times \mathfrak {E}_{c}$
. We also characterize the factors of
$\mathbb {Q}\times \mathfrak {E}_{c}$
. An interesting open question that is left open is whether
$\sigma \mathfrak {E}_{c}^{\omega }$
, the
$\sigma $
-product of countably many copies of
$\mathfrak {E}_{c}$
, is homeomorphic to
$\mathbb {Q}\times \mathfrak {E}_{c}$
.
Scar hinge flap for inner lining reconstruction of full-thickness defects on the ala of the nose
Authors: Hessam Schapoor , Sand Michael , Georgas Dimitrios , Kassa Tewfik , Bechara Falk G.
Published: January 2022

Background: Reconstruction of inner lining of the nose often requires complex surgical procedures. Methodology: To evaluate the scar hinge flap as an alternative reconstruction technique, 21 patients with full-thickness defects of the ala who received a scar hinge flap were retrospectively analysed. Results: Twenty-one patients were included. The average defect size was 1.9 cm2. Cartilage grafts were used in 11 patients. For skin reconstruction the scar hinge flap was covered by local flaps, interpolated melolabial flaps, full-thickness skin grafts, or paramedian forehead flaps. The mean follow-up was 10.7 months. No severe complications were observed. Conclusions: The scar hinge flap is a safe and simple technique for reconstruction of the inner lining of the nose although it is limited being a two-stage procedure.
Altered expression and signalling of EP2 receptor in nasal polyps of AERD patients: role in inflammation and remodelling
Authors: Machado-Carvalho L. , Torres R. , Perez-Gonzalez M. , Alobid I. , Mullol J. , Pujols L. , Roca-Ferrer J. , Picado C.
Published: January 2022

Background: Down-regulation of the E-prostanoid (EP)2 receptor has been reported in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). We aimed to evaluate the expression and activation of EP receptors in AERD and their role in prostaglandin (PG) E2 signalling. Methods: Samples were obtained from nasal mucosa of control subjects (NM-C, n=7) and from nasal polyps of AERD patients (NP-AERD, n=7). Expression of EP1-4 was assessed at baseline. Fibroblasts were stimulated with receptor agonists to measure cAMP levels, cell proliferation and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release. Results: NM-C and NP-AERD samples and fibroblasts expressed EP2, EP3 and EP4 at baseline. Lower expression of EP2 and higher expression of EP4 was observed in NP-AERD compared with NM-C. Stimulation with PGE2 and butaprost caused a higher increase in cAMP in NM-C than in NP-AERD. On the contrary, CAY10598 produced a higher production of cAMP in NP-AERD compared with NM-C. The anti-proliferative effect of PGE2 and butaprost was lower in NP-AERD than in NM-C fibroblasts. Similarly, the capacity of PGE2 and butaprost to inhibit GM-CSF release was lower in NP-AERD than in NM-C. Conclusions: The altered expression of EP2 in AERD may contribute to reduce the capacity of PGE2 to mediate anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.
Genipin Crosslinked Blended Collagen-Chondroitin: A Promising Biomaterial Scaffold Candidate for Cartilage Reconstruction
Authors: Trimartani Trimartani , Sandora Normalina , Hermani Bambang , Pawitan Jeanne A , Anatriera Raden Ayu
Published: January 2022

Tissue engineering offers a solution to the shortage of materials for cartilage reconstruction surgery by providing various potential biomaterial scaffolds. Tissue engineering utilizes biological or synthetic biomaterials as a scaffold for the host cells to repopulate and regenerate the tissue. The natural biomaterials such collagen and chondroitin imitates native cartilage matrix composition. Genipin as one of natural crosslinkers was added to improve the matrix biomechanical properties. This study was done to investigate biocomposition of blended collagen type 1, collagen type 2, chondroitin sulphate (Col1-Col2-CS) and genipin for its cytotoxicity using human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), surface morphology, and biochemical composition. Genipin-crosslinked collagen-chondroitin biocomposite showed a homogeneous shape while uncrosslinked biocomposite had rough surface and fibrillar folds size. Spectroscopy demonstrated both biocomposites had similar peak resemble to no alternation of the biocomposition by crosslinking. Both types of biocomposites were biocompatible and had no toxic effects, as compared to the cell colony only (p value = 0.26). The conclusion are blended composite of collagen chondroitin crosslinked with genipin had generated a fine microstructure scaffold with smaller pore size, had similar biomolecular component spectrum absorption, and no exhibition of residual toxicity.
Glycoengineering of Darbepoetin-α in CHO-DG44 Cells through Overexpression of α-2,3-sialyl-transferase and CMP-sialic Acid Transporter
Authors: Santoso Adi , Septisetyani Endah Puji , Ramadani Ratna Dwi , Rubiyana Yana , Prasetyaningrum Pekik Wiji , Wisnuwardhani Popi Hadi , Kusumawati Arizah , Nuraini Neny
Published: January 2022

Sialic acid plays a very important role in determining the circulation life span of glycoprotein in various organisms. Therefore, having a high content of sialic acid is needed by glycoprotein therapeutic agents to be able to function as desired. For example, Darbepoetin (DPO), the 5 N-linked erythropoietin showed higher bioavailability and efficacy compared to 3 N-linked erythropoietin. However, in the DPO production process, the molecular weight can vary and is highly dependent on the content of sialic acid and its production host. To improve the DPO sialic acid contents in our CHO-DG44 expressing DPO, we have engineered the cells through overexpression of α-2,3-sialyl-transferase (ST) and CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST). The DPO contained in the supernatant of the engineered cells was analyzed by Western blot and characterized by using PNGase-F or neuraminidase enzyme digestions. The results showed that, two clones, overexpressing ST or CST, were obtained. The clones showed higher molecular weight of DPO as compared to DPO expressed by the parental cells, yet retained the same protein backbone. The overexpression of these two genes does not affect cell growth. This suggests that may be these cells beneficial for therapeutic glycoproteins.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Adolescents in a Rural Nigerian Population
Authors: AKANDE Adeola J. , UTI Omolara G. , SOFOLA Oyinkan O.
Published: January 2022

Background: Oral mucosal lesions affect people of all age groups, and vary in presentation; from asymptomatic to severely debilitating. Studies reporting the prevalence and effects of these lesions in adolescents are generally few compared to those describing the demography of dental caries and other oral diseases.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, factors that contribute to the prevalence, and the association with the oral-health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents in the population.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done on 240 secondary school students aged 10-19 from three secondary schools selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, presence of systemic illness, and oral habits. Oral-health related quality of life was assessed using the oral-health impact profile (OHIP-14), and intraoral examination was performed within the school premises by a single trained investigator.

Results: A total of 33 participants (13.7%) had oral mucosal lesions. Overall, commissural lip pits (5.0%) were the most prevalent, while geographic tongue and irritation fibroma (0.4% each) were the least prevalent lesions. The mean OHIP-14 score of the participants in this study was 7.17+8.64. Participants with systemic diseases and cheek biting habits had statistically significant worse scores than those without either.

Conclusion: The most prevalent oral mucosal lesions in the adolescent age group are those of developmental origin. Quality of life was negatively impacted by the presence of systemic diseases as well as cheek biting habit.
COVID 19: Knowledge, opinions and prevention among the populace
Authors: SOROYE Modupeoluwa Omotunde , OSAGBEMIRO Babatope Bamidele
Published: January 2022

Objective: There was a lot of panic when the COVID-19 pandemic started because a lot was not known about it. However, as the disease unfolded, proven scientific universal precautions are recommended to curb its spread.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of people living in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to consenting participants using the SurveyMonkey and data was collected on sociodemographic knowledge of the aetiology and prevention of COVID-19. Analysis was done with the SPSS version 25.

Results: Eighty-five participants with age ranging from 18 to 60 years took part in the study. The mean age was 37.35 ± 11.7years. Forty-seven (47%) had knowledge that COVID-19 infection is from a virus. 29.4% thought it is caused by biological weapons, 1.2% from 5G internet, 7.1% as government’s ploy to embezzle money and 9.4% conspiracy theory from the world leaders to reduce world’s population. All participants knew that hand washing is a preventive measure against the spread of COVID-19 and majority agreed to the use of sanitizers, social distancing and disinfection of surfaces. Only 30.6% agreed that wearing of facemasks will serve as a preventive measure. Over 90% of the participants agreed that dissemination of appropriate information, use of universal precautions, isolation and intensive treatment of those infected can help prevent the spread of COVID-19. 11.8% of participants knew that additional precautions are needed for aerosol generating procedures.

Conclusion: The knowledge of COVID-19 aetiology is poor among the populace and the need to wear face masks as a preventive measure in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 needs to be emphasized.
Why do we think that inflation expectations matter for inflation? (And should we?)
Authors: Rudd Jeremy B.
Published: January 2022

Economists and economic policymakers believe that households’ and firms’ expectations of future inflation are a key determinant of actual inflation. A review of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature suggests that this belief rests on extremely shaky foundations, and a case is made that adhering to it uncritically could easily lead to serious policy errors.
Keynes vs Kalecki: risk and uncertainty in their theories of the rate of interest
Authors: Gabrisch Hubert
Published: January 2022

This study attempts to identify uncertainty in the long-term rate of interest based on the controversial interest-rate theories of Keynes and Kalecki. While Keynes stated that the future of the rate of interest is uncertain because it is numerically incalculable, Kalecki was convinced that it could be predicted. The theories are empirically tested using GARCH-in-mean (MGARCH) models without and with restrictions assigned to six globally leading financial markets. The obtained results support Keynes’s case: the long-term rate of interest is a non-ergodic financial phenomenon. Analyses of the relation between the interest rate and macroeconomic variables without interest uncertainty are thus seriously incomplete.
PET-based artificial intelligence applications in cardiac nuclear medicine
Authors: Popescu Cristina , Laudicella Riccardo , Baldari Sergio , Alongi Pierpaolo , Burger Irene , Comelli Albert , Caobelli Federico
Published: January 2022

In the recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have gained interest in the field of cardiovascular medical imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET). The use of AI in cardiac PET imaging is to date limited, although first, important results have been shown, overcoming technical issues, improving diagnostic accuracy and providing prognostic information. In this review we aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art regarding AI applications in cardiovascular PET.
KẾT HỢP THUẬT TOÁN SA VÀ Q-LEARNING ÁP DỤNG TRONG THỊ TRƯỜNG ĐIỆN BÁN BUÔN CẠNH TRANH
Authors: BẠCH THANH QUÝ  , PHAN LÂM VŨ  , VĂN THỊ KIỀU NHI
Published: January 2022

Thị trường điện Việt Nam đã chuyển sang cấp độ 2 – Cấp độ thị trường điện bán buôn cạnh tranh. Các nhà máy điện (Gencos) và các công ty kinh doanh phụ tải điện (LSEs) tham gia thị trường bán buôn cạnh tranh với mục tiêu đối đa hóa lợi nhuận. Chiến thuật chào giá tối ưu được các đơn vị tham gia được triệt để khai thác. Bài viết này trình bày thị trường điện bán buôn cạnh tranh dạng mô hình động. Trong môi trường cạnh tranh thông tin không hoàn hảo, các thuật toán tối ưu được sử dụng để tối ưu hóa bản chào giá. Thuật toán mô phỏng luyện kim (SA - Simulated annealing algorithm) kết hợp với thuật toán học Q tăng cường ( Q – Learning reinforcement algorithm) thành thuật toán SA – Q learning được nhóm tác giả đề xuất áp dụng cho chiến lược chào giá tối ưu cho các đơn vị cung cấp điện. Sơ đồ tiêu chuẩn IEEE – 30 nút được sử dụng để mô phỏng mức độ đáp ứng của thuật toán đề xuất.
MÔ HÌNH ĐỘNG LỰC HỌC VÀ ĐIỀU KHIỂN CHO HỆ KHUNG XƯƠNG TRỢ LỰC CHO NGƯỜI LIỆT CƠ
Authors: DUONG MIEN KA
Published: January 2022

Tại Việt Nam, các tai nạn lao động, tai nạn giao thông vẫn đang diễn ra hằng ngày làm tăng số lượng bệnh nhân bị chấn thương liệt cơ, giảm hoặc mất chức năng di chuyển bằng chân. Điều này gây nên những hệ luỵ không đáng có cho xã hội. Các trung tâm phục hồi chức năng đã phần nào giúp đưa những bệnh nhân phục hồi khả năng di chuyển trở lại nhờ các phương pháp vật lý trị liệu, và các thiết bị hỗ trợ. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn đó rất nhiều thiết bị hỗ trợ như xe lăn, nạng vẫn gây khó khăn và bất tiện cho người sử dụng, trong khi đó tại Việt Nam vẫn rất hiếm có những nghiên cứu chuyên sâu và chế tạo các thiết bị để có thể giúp người mặc mang vào hỗ trợ di chuyển như là hoạt động thông thường trong sinh hoạt hằng ngày. Với mục đích muốn từng bước chế tạo ra thiết bị giúp người bị liệt chân có thể khôi phục lại chức năng di chuyển thông thường, bài báo này giới thiệu một phương pháp điều khiển cho một mô hình phi tuyến của hệ khung xương trợ lực 7 bậc tự do. Dáng di chuyển của hệ khung xương do người đeo vào sẽ được định nghĩa trước và được điều khiển để hệ khung xương bám theo các quỹ đạo định nghĩa trước đó. Bộ điều khiển sử dụng trong bài báo này dựa vào đặc tính động học của mô hình con lắc ngược 3 chiều. Chuyển động của con lắc ngược 3 chiều được giới hạn sao cho nó di chuyển trên một mặt phẳng định nghĩa trước. Một thách thức trong hệ thống điều khiển chuyển động của hệ khung xương trợ lực đó là tính phi tuyến của mô hình động lực học và các thông số không chắc chắn trong mô hình của hệ khung xương.
MÁY LẠNH HẤP PHỤ SỬ DỤNG NHIỆT THẢI CỦA ĐỘNG CƠ ĐỐT TRONG ĐỂ ĐIỀU HÒA KHÔNG KHÍ TRONG Ô TÔ
Authors: LÊ VĂN HIÊN  , NGUYỄN THỊ KIM LIÊN
Published: January 2022

Hoạt động của nền kinh tế tiêu thụ phần lớn nhiên liệu hóa thạch, trong đó ngành giao thông vận tải chiếm 22% lượng nhiên liệu này. Khí thải của các phương tiện giao thông, đặc biệt là lượng ôtô ngày càng tăng mạnh ở Việt Nam sẽ làm tăng nhanh ô nhiễm không khí. Đây cũng là nguyên nhân gây nên quá trình biến đổi khí hậu ngày càng trầm trọng. Để góp phần tiết kiệm tiêu thụ nhiên liệu của động cơ ôtô, chúng tôi đã khảo sát nguồn nhiệt năng từ khí thải của ôtô để cung cấp cho máy lạnh hấp phụ rồi liên kết nguồn lạnh này với điều hòa không khí trong ôtô. Bài báo này giới thiệu quá trình đó.