bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Luminescent Blue Emitter with Balanced Hybridized Locally and Charge‐Transfer Excited‐States Emission
Authors: Wiefermann Julia , Kaminski Jeremy M. , Pankert Elisabeth , Hertel Dirk , Meerholz Klaus , Marian Christel M. , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: March 2023

The Front Cover image is provided by Julia Wiefermann, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (HHU, Düsseldorf, Germany). The image shows the highly blue luminescent emitter 4’’‐(diphenylamino)‐2’’‐methyl‐[1,1’:4’,1’’‐terphenyl]‐4‐carbonitrile which exhibits balanced hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited state emission. This compound was successfully employed in an OLED device. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200265.
Comparison of flowcytometry‐based scoring system for the diagnosis of early T precursor‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Marballi Basavaraju Deepak , Mishra Shruti , Chhabra Gaurav , Chougule Sudarshan
Published: March 2023

Background

Early T cell precursor‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP‐ALL) is a hematolymphoid malignancy where the blasts demonstrate T cell differentiation markers along with stem cell and myeloid antigen expression. The differential diagnosis of ETP‐ALL from non‐ETP ALL and mixed phenotype acute leukemia is often challenging due to its overlapping immunophenotypic picture with co‐expression of myeloid antigens. In this study, we endeavored to describe the immune‐phenotype profile of ETP‐ALL in our patients and compared the utility of four different scoring systems for better discrimination of these entities.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 31 ETP‐ALL out of 860 acute leukemia cases consecutively diagnosed at the two tertiary care centers. Flowcytometry‐based immunophenotype was reviewed for all the cases, and the utility of four flow‐based objective scorings was assessed for the diagnosis of ETP‐ALL. Receiver operating curves were drawn to compare the different flow‐based scoring systems.

Results

The prevalence of ETP‐ALL was 40% (n = 31/77 T‐ALL) in our study group, comprised mainly of adults with a median age of 20 years. The five‐marker scoring system had the maximum area under the curve, followed by the seven‐marker scoring system. A cut‐off of ≥2.5 was more specific (sensitivity: 91%; specificity: 100%), while a score of ≥1.5 was more sensitive but slightly less specific (sensitivity: 94%, specificity: 96%).

Conclusion

The WHO criteria for the diagnosis of ETP‐ALL should be followed across all laboratories to avoid confusion and for better treatment stratification. Flow‐based scoring systems can be objectively employed for better detection of cases.
Factors associated with fragility fractures in type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the randomised controlled Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study
Authors: Sheu Angela , O’Connell Rachel L. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Tran Thach , Drury Paul L. , Sullivan David R. , Li LiPing , Colman Peter , O’Brien Richard , Kesäniemi Y. Antero , Center Jacqueline R. , White Christopher P. , Keech Anthony C.
Published: March 2023

Aims

Fracture risk is elevated in some type 2 diabetes patients. Bone fragility may be associated with more clinically severe type 2 diabetes, although prospective studies are lacking. It is unknown which diabetes‐related characteristics are independently associated with fracture risk. In this post‐hoc analysis of fracture data from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial (ISRCTN#64783481), we hypothesised that diabetic microvascular complications are associated with bone fragility.

Materials and Methods

The FIELD trial randomly assigned 9795 type 2 diabetes participants (aged 50–75 years) to receive oral co‐micronised fenofibrate 200 mg (n = 4895) or placebo (n = 4900) daily for a median of 5 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify baseline sex‐specific diabetes‐related parameters independently associated with incident fractures.

Results

Over 49,470 person‐years, 137/6138 men experienced 141 fractures and 143/3657 women experienced 145 fractures; incidence rates for the first fracture of 4∙4 (95% CI 3∙8–5∙2) and 7∙7 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI 6∙5–9∙1), respectively. Fenofibrate had no effect on fracture outcomes. In men, baseline macrovascular disease (HR 1∙52, 95% CI 1∙05–2∙21, p = 0∙03), insulin use (HR 1∙62, HR 1∙03–2∙55, p = 0∙03), and HDL‐cholesterol (HR 2∙20, 95% CI 1∙11–4∙36, p = 0∙02) were independently associated with fracture. In women, independent risk factors included baseline peripheral neuropathy (HR 2∙04, 95% CI 1∙16–3∙59, p = 0∙01) and insulin use (HR 1∙55, 95% CI 1∙02–2∙33, p = 0∙04).

Conclusions

Insulin use and sex‐specific complications (in men, macrovascular disease; in women, neuropathy) are independently associated with fragility fractures in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Little brown bat activity patterns and conservation implications in agricultural landscapes in boreal Yukon, Canada
Authors: Slough Brian G. , Reid Donald G. , Schultz Dafna S. , Leung Maria C.‐Y.
Published: March 2023

Agriculture can threaten the persistence of bat populations by removing forests and wetlands and by intensifying production. Both processes are underway in expanding agricultural landscapes of boreal North America. To inform land planning and agricultural practices aimed at maintaining a viable population of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), we assessed the use by bats of human‐modified (open fields, forest‐field edges, and cleared edges of ponds) and unmodified (forest ponds and forest interior) habitat features in agricultural landscapes in southern Yukon, Canada (60° N–61° N), using acoustic recordings. We summarized bat activity (number of 3‐s acoustic files with ≥1 pass/night) and bat feeding (files with >1 feeding buzz/night) at grouped sets of habitat features (sites) and used generalized linear mixed models to test predictions about relative use of habitats. The active season for bats was late April to early October. Little brown bat feeding was strongly correlated with general activity, but feeding comprised a significantly higher proportion of all activity at forest ponds and forest interiors compared to field edges, open fields, and ponds in fields. Total bat activity was highest at forest ponds, followed by field edges, and substantially less in forest interiors and open fields. Forest ponds were used more than the edges of nearby ponds with some riparian clearing for fields. Bats increased use of forest interiors and decreased use of fields as duration of darkness decreased close to summer solstice. We recommend exclusion of ponds, lakes, and other wetlands from future agricultural land disposition, and retention of a riparian forested buffer of ≥40 m around current water bodies on farms. We also recommend retention of strips or patches of forest bordering fields and connected to riparian areas and to more extensive forests on public lands. A relatively young agricultural landscape can avoid some of the risks of intensive agriculture with proactive planning and stewardship.
Safety and performance of a novel implantable sensor in the inferior vena cava under acute and chronic intravascular volume modulation
Authors: Sheridan William Stephen , Wetterling Friedrich , Testani Jeffrey Moore , Borlaug Barry A. , Fudim Marat , Damman Kevin , Gray Alastair , Gaines Peter , Poloczek Martin , Madden Stephen , Tucker James , Buxo Teresa , Gaul Robert , Corcoran Louise , Sweeney Fiachra , Burkhoff Daniel
Published: March 2023

Aims

The management of congestion is one of the key treatment targets in heart failure. Assessing congestion is, however, difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and dynamic response of a novel, passive, inferior vena cava (IVC) sensor in a chronic ovine model.

Methods and results

A total of 20 sheep divided into three groups were studied in acute and chronic in vivo settings. Group I and Group II included 14 sheep in total with 12 sheep receiving the sensor and two sheep receiving a control device (IVC filter). Group III included an additional six animals for studying responses to volume challenges via infusion of blood and saline solutions. Deployment was 100% successful with all devices implanted; performing as expected with no device‐related complications and signals were received at all observations. At similar volume states no significant differences in IVC area normalized to absolute area range were measured (55 ± 17% on day 0 and 62 ± 12% on day 120, p = 0.51). Chronically, the sensors were completely integrated with a thin, reendothelialized neointima with no loss of sensitivity to infused volume. Normalized IVC area changed significantly from 25 ± 17% to 43 ± 11% (p = 0.007) with 300 ml infused. In contrast, right atrial pressure required 1200 ml of infused volume prior to a statistically significant change from 3.1 ± 2.6 mmHg to 7.5 ± 2.0 mmHg (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

In conclusion, IVC area can be measured remotely in real‐time using a safe, accurate, wireless, and chronic implantable sensor promising to detect congestion with higher sensitivity than filling pressures.
Extraction and Clarification of Orange Wax Obtained from Waste of the Citrus Industry
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel de Souza , Sobral Louise , Barreto Daniel Weingart , Calado Verônica
Published: March 2023

The processing of the orange leads to a large generation of waste, which is underutilized or discarded. Thus, this study proposes a route to treat oily waste from the orange juice industry, transforming it into a by‐product of higher added value to the chemical industry. The orange wax is obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, and the clarification of the wax is carried out with the oxidative treatment using H2O2. A 32 Experimental Design confirmed that the factors, temperature, and concentration of the reactant, influence both response variables, the colorimetric changes and yield. The obtained waxes are characterized by chromatographic (CG‐MS), thermal, and rheological analysis. The results of the CG‐MS indicate that the clarification method is effective as the components responsible for the pigmentation and odor of the wax cannot be identified after the clarification process. Thermogravimetry analysis and differential exploratory calorimetryindicate a slight increase in thermal stability and a decrease in crystallinity after the clarification process. Rheological analyses show that the obtained waxes present similar flow behavior as commercial beeswax. Therefore, it can be affirmed that this work obtains a green wax from a residue for potential replacement of commercial waxes according to its properties analyzed.

Practical applications: This work shows the extraction of orange wax from oily industrial wastes for possible applications in the food and cosmetics industries. The orange wax can be a sustainable substitute for nonrenewable products and supply the wax market due to the high demand. In addition, methods for processing and characterization of the waxes are presented in this work.
Lessons from viral pandemics
Authors: Moelling Karin
Published: March 2023

Viruses are ubiquitous in every habitat and are the most abundant species on our planet. Most ancient are RNA‐containing viruses. They may have contributed to the origin of life, since naked RNA‐only viruses, the viroids, lack genetic information. They fulfil several criteria of life. Could such structures have contributed to life on exoplanets somewhere in the Universe? Viruses are innovative, can integrate into genomes thereby supplying novel information and immunity to the host, protecting against superinfection by exogenous viruses. They are the drivers of evolution. As such they contributed e. g. to the placenta in mammals. The human chromosomes consist of about 50 % viral elements. Sub‐viral structures such as transposable elements can contribute to genetics beyond Darwinian mutations. Bacterial viruses, the phages, can help to recycle nutrients in the oceans and our intestines and can destroy multi‐drug resistant bacteria as phage‐therapy. They may be a way out, if antibiotics fail. Antibiotic resistance my soon become critical. Phage therapy is a hundred years old, but has been neglected. Novel technologies may be able to reactivate this technology.
Atlas of Arctic Atmospheric River Climatology Based on ERA5 and MERRA-2
Authors: Zhang Chen , Tung Wen-Wen , Cleveland William S
Published: March 2023

We present an atlas of Arctic atmospheric river (AR) climatology based
on twelve indices derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalyses for
1980–2019. The ARs were identified and tracked in the 3-hourly
reanalysis data with a multifactorial approach based on either
atmospheric column-integrated water vapor ($IWV$) or integrated water
vapor transport ($IVT$) exceeding one of the three climate thresholds
(75th, 85th, and 95th percentiles). Time series analysis of the AR event
counts from the AR indices showed overall upward trends from the
mid-1990s to 2019. The 75th $IVT$- and $IWV$-based indices, as well
as the 85th $IWV$-based indices, are likely more sensitive to Arctic
surface warming, therefore, detected some broadening of AR-affected
areas over time, while the rest of the indices did not.

Spatial exploratory analysis of these indices revealed that the AR
frequency of occurrence maxima shifted poleward from over-land in
1980–1999 to over the Arctic Ocean and its outlying Seas in 2000–2019.
Regions across the Atlantic, the Arctic, to the Pacific Oceans trended
higher AR occurrence, surface temperature, and column-integrated
moisture. Meanwhile, ARs were increasingly responsible for the rising
moisture transport into the Arctic. Even though the increase of Arctic
AR occurrence was primarily associated with long-term Arctic surface
warming and moistening, the effects of changing atmospheric circulation
could stand out locally, such as on the Pacific side over the Chukchi
Sea. The changing teleconnection patterns strongly modulated AR
activities in time and space, with prominent anomalies in the
Arctic-Pacific sector during the latest decade. Besides, the extreme
events identified by the 95th-percentile indices displayed the most
significant changes and were most influenced by the teleconnection
patterns. The twelve Arctic AR indices and the detailed graphics in the
atlas can help navigate the uncertainty of detecting and quantifying
Arctic ARs and their associated effects in current and future studies.

Abstract content goes here
Characteristics of orderly hydrocarbon accumulation of deep reservoirs in Kuqa Depression and its exploration implications
Authors: Li Jun , Yang Xianzhang , Dong Caiyuan , Li Jin , Xu Zhenping , Zhang Liang , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2023

The Kuqa depression is an important oil and gas production area in western China, and there are abundant natural gas resources in the deep and ultra‐deep tight reservoirs. In this study, the accumulation law of deep oil and gas in the Kuqa depression has been systematically discussed based on the analysis of geochemical parameters, reservoir fluid inclusions and the recovery of burial‐thermal evolution history in different structural zones. The results show that the lacustrine mudstones of the Triassic Huangshanjie and Upper Jurassic Qiakemake formations in the Kuqa depression are the main oil‐generating source rocks, and the coal‐measure source rocks of the Middle and Lower Jurassic are the main gas‐generating source rocks. The oil and gas in the northern tectonic belt originated from the Huangshanjie and Yangxia formations have the characteristics of ‘lower‐source and upper‐reservoir’ and ‘self‐generation and self‐storage’. The source rocks in the central tectonic belt are of high maturity and mainly generate natural gas, and a small amount of crude oil is derived from mudstones of the Jurassic Qiakemake Formation. The oil and gas in the southern slope belt are mainly derived from the source rocks of the Huangshanjie Formation, followed by the Jurassic source rocks. The ordered accumulation of oil and gas in the Kuqa depression is controlled by the effective spatiotemporal matching of multi‐stage tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation evolution of multi‐source rocks. Three spatiotemporal ordered hydrocarbon accumulation series have been proposed: early near‐source accumulation, late far and near‐source accumulation, and late upper‐near source accumulation. The piedmont belt is dominated by the near‐source continuous accumulation mode, the thrust belt is dominated by the ultra‐late upper source accumulation mode, and the slope belt is dominated by the late far‐source accumulation mode. Therefore, future exploration will focus on the tight lithologic reservoirs in the northern piedmont belt, the structural reservoirs in the central structural belt, and the unconformity hidden reservoirs in the southern slope belt.
Chemical reaction and magnetohydrodynamics effects on heat absorbing fluid past an inclined porous plate
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Thammisetty , Hari Krishna Lingampalli
Published: March 2023

The study of a heat‐absorbing, chemically bonding fluid over a porous channel in a conducting field with ramped wall temperature is considered. The Dufour effect presence is also considered with thermal radiation. The novelty is the consideration of radiation absorption and the angle of inclination. In this approach, the dimensional governing equations and boundary forms are transformed into a dimensionless form using standard nondimensional parameters and variables. The simplified governing equations and boundary forms are then calculated using the Laplace transform method. We get accurate answers in the speed, temperature, and concentration spaces. Calculations of surface friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are also performed. Several physical parameters' influences on the quantified flows are analysed using graphics. A comparison is also made with the results available in the literature and found a good agreement in the absence of radiation absorption. When a chemical is added to a fluid to dilute it, the velocity area and concentration area both decrease, but the temperature area increases as a result of an increase in the Schmidt Number, the Nusselt Number, and the skin friction. Our research revealed that the Dufour effect and arbitrarily ramped temperatures had a similar effect on fluid velocity.
Functional analysis of problem behavior: A 40‐year review
Authors: Melanson Isaac J. , Fahmie Tara A.
Published: March 2023

Extensive reviews of functional analysis literature were conducted 10 (Beavers et al., 2013) and 20 (Hanley et al., 2003) years ago; we expanded this review to capture the vast and innovative functional analysis research that has occurred over the past decade. Our review produced 1,333 functional analysis outcomes from 326 studies on the functional analysis of problem behavior between June 2012 and May 2022. Some characteristics of functional analysis studies were similar across the current and previous two reviews (e.g., child participants, developmental disability diagnosis, use of line graphs depicting session means, differentiated response outcomes). Other characteristics deviated from the previous two reviews (e.g., increase in autistic representation, outpatient settings, use of supplementary assessments, the inclusion of tangible conditions, and multiple function outcomes; decrease in session durations). We update previously reported participant and methodological characteristics, summarize outcomes, comment on recent trends, and propose future directions in the functional analysis literature.
Baseline results from NenŨnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo: A randomized clinical trial to improve sexual and reproductive health among American Indian adolescents
Authors: Rink Elizabeth , Anastario Mike , Peterson Malory , FireMoon Paula , Johnson Olivia , GrowingThunder Ramey , Ricker Adriann , Cox Genevieve , Holder Shannon , Baldwin Julie A.
Published: March 2023

We report on baseline findings from NenUnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo, a community based participatory research randomized controlled trial with American Indian adolescents to reduce sexual and reproductive health disparities. American Indian adolescents aged 13−19 years participated in a baseline survey that was administered in five schools. We used zero‐inflated negative binomial regression to evaluate how the count of protected sexual acts was associated with independent variables of interest. We stratified models by self‐reported gender of adolescents and tested for a two‐way interaction effect between gender and the independent variable of interest. Two hundred twenty‐three girls and 222 boys (n = 445) were sampled. The average number of lifetime partners was 1.0 (standard deviation = 1.7). Each additional lifetime partner was associated with a 50% increase in the number of protected sexual acts incident rate ratio (IRR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1−1.9) and more than a twofold increase in the likelihood of not having protected sexual acts (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3−5.1). Each additional number of substances used in adolescentss' lifetime was associated with an increased likelihood of not having protected sexual acts (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.0−1.5). In boys, each one standard deviation increase in depression severity was associated with a 50% reduction in the number of times a condom was used adjusted IRR (aIRR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4−0.6, p < .001). Each 1‐unit increase in positive prospections of pregnancy was associated with a pronounced decrease likelihood of not having protected sexual acts (aOR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.0−0.1). Findings support the importance of tribally driven tailoring of sexual and reproducive health interventions and services for American Indian adolescents.
Sostdc1 Suppression in the Absence of Sclerostin Potentiates Anabolic Action of Cortical Bone in Mice
Authors: Choi Roy B. , Hoggatt April M. , Horan Daniel J. , Rogers Emily Z. , Loots Gabriela G. , Robling Alexander G.
Published: March 2023

The development of Wnt-based osteoanabolic agents has progressed rapidly in recent years, given the potent effects of Wnt modulation on bone homeostasis. Simultaneous pharmacologic inhibition of the Wnt antagonists sclerostin and Dkk1 can be optimized to create potentiated effects in the cancellous bone compartment. We looked for other candidates that might be co-inhibited along with sclerostin to potentiate the effects in the cortical compartment. Sostdc1 (Wise), like sclerostin and Dkk1, also binds and inhibits Lrp5/6 coreceptors to impair canonical Wnt signaling, but Sostdc1 has greater effects in the cortical bone. To test this concept, we deleted Sostdc1 and Sost from mice and measured the skeletal effects in cortical and cancellous compartments individually. Sost deletion alone produced high bone mass in all compartments, whereas Sostdc1 deletion alone had no measurable effects on either envelope. Mice with codeletion of Sostdc1 and Sost had high bone mass and increased cortical properties (bone mass, formation rates, mechanical properties), but only among males. Combined administration of sclerostin antibody and Sostdc1 antibody in wild-type female mice produced potentiation of cortical bone gain despite no effect of Sostdc1 antibody alone. In conclusion, Sostdc1 inhibition/deletion can work in concert with sclerostin deficiency to improve cortical bone properties. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Light‐induced NO release from iron‐nitrosyl‐thiolato complex: The role of noncovalent thiol/thioether
Authors: Chen Huai‐Cheng , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chien Su‐Ying , Lee Chien‐Ming
Published: March 2023

Four low‐spin {FeNO}6 complexes, [Fe(NO)(PS2)(PS2H)] (1, PS2H2 = bis(2‐dimercaptophenyl)phenylphosphine) with a pendant thiol, [Fe(NO)(PS2)(PS2CH3)] (2) bearing a pendant thioether, and [Fe(NO)(PS2)(RPS)] (RH, 4a; RTMS, 4b) without the noncovalent thiol/thioether group are spectroscopically and structurally characterized. In comparisons of the νNO, absorption energy in UV/vis spectra and structural parameters from single X‐ray diffraction studies, the four iron‐nitrosyl‐thiolato compounds share similarity in electronic structure. Complex 1 with a pendant thiol leads to NO and HNO production upon exposure to the light. Photolysis of 2 bearing a pendant thioether only affords NO. Effective detection of HNO or NO from 1 or 2 is achieved by the employment of [MnIII(TMSPS3)(DABCO)]. In contrast, 4a and 4b show inertness toward visible‐light stimulus. Photolysis and having pendant thiol/thioether group play key roles in NO production from these iron‐nitrosyl‐thiolato complexes, that is, the Fe‐NO bond is weakened by exposure to light and the noncovalent SH of 1 or SCH3 of 2 can serve as an incoming ligand to interact with Fe atom, resulting in a transient with intramolecular [RS⋅⋅⋅Fe⋅⋅⋅NO] interaction (RH and CH3) which could facilitate NO dissociation.
VHrare study: Prevalence, clinical features and management of severe rare bleeding disorders in a large cohort
Authors: Benítez Hidalgo Olga , Martinez Garcia Maria Fernanda , Corrrales Insa Irene , Fernández‐Caballero Mariana , Ramírez Orihuela Lorena , Cortina Giner Vicente , Comes Fernández Natàlia , Juarez Gimenez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Rare bleeding disorders (RBD) constitute 5% of total hereditary bleeding disorders, although the number could be higher, due to the presence of undiagnosed asymptomatic patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of patients with severe RBDs in our area.

Material and methods: We analyzed the patients with RBD followed at a tertiary‐level hospital between January 2014 and December 2021.

Results: A total of 101 patients were analyzed, with a median age at diagnosis of 27.67 years (range 0–89), of which 52.47% were male. The most frequent RBD in our population was FVII deficiency. Regarding the diagnostic reason, the most frequent cause was a preoperative test and only 14.8% reported bleeding symptoms at the time of diagnosis. A genetic study was carried out in 63.36% of patients and the most frequent mutation type found was finding a missense mutation.

Conclusions: The distribution of RBDs in our centre is similar to the one reported in the literature. The majority of RBDs were diagnosed from a preoperative test and this allowed preventive treatment prior to invasive procedures to avoid bleeding complications. 83% of patients did not have a pathological bleeding phenotype according to ISTH‐BAT
Separation and identification of terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and their in vitro anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Liao Yangyang , Zhang Xinjie , Cao Dongyi , Wang Fei , Chen Hulan , Li Rui
Published: March 2023

Terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids are conjugates of curcuminoids and bisabolanes in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. The fragmentation pathways of known three terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids (bisabolocurcumin‐ether, bisabocurcumin, and demethoxybisabolocurcumin ether) and curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode to rapidly search and discover similar unknown compounds of the acetone fraction of turmeric. Subsequently, compounds 1–3 were founded in the acetone fraction based on molecular weight and above fragmentation pathways (the characteristic fragment ions, the most and second most abundant fragment ions produced in MS2 spectra). Terpecurcumin X (1) and terpecurcumin Y (3) were further separated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry guided isolation technique to verify their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance, electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectra and infrared spectra. Interestingly, 1 and 3 were new compounds. The results indicate the feasibility and significant advantages of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid discovery and analysis of new constituents in traditional Chinese medicine. In vitro, Terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids had better nitric oxide inhibitory activity than the other seven curcuminoids (demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, curdione, curcumenone, bisacurone, curcumenol, and germacron).
Interactions of soil nutrients and microbial communities during root decomposition of gramineous and leguminous forages
Authors: Ma Can , Wang Xiuru , Wang Jianjia , Zhu Xiaoyue , Qin Chao , Zeng Ye , Zhen Wenlong , Fang Yan , Shangguan Zhouping
Published: March 2023

Soil microorganisms are involved in the litter decomposition process and are closely related to nutrient cycling in ecosystems, especially carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. For grassland ecosystems, most grassland biomass is invested in the root system. Therefore, to determine the influence of root decomposition on soil microorganisms in different grassland species, an in‐situ root decomposition experiment was conducted with two species (gramineous forage:Bothriochloa ischaemumand leguminous forage:Lespedeza davurica) over three decomposition times (90, 270 and 450 days). Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the roots of the two species decreased gradually. AndL. davuricahad higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) in the late stage. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacteria, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi in the two species. STN is the most important factor driving changes in soil microbial communities. The alpha diversity index of bacteria in both species showed an increasing trend, while in fungi, it decreased rapidly at the early stage and increased slightly at the late stage. Compared with the bacteria inB. ischaemum,L. davuricaincreased some submetabolic system pathway genes related to carbon cycle metabolism. FUNGuild revealed that saprotrophic fungi on the 90thday were significantly lower than those on the 270thand 450thdays. Our results show that leguminous forages have better performance in improving SOC and STN, and microbial characteristics are also affected by species during root decomposition.
Financial toxicity among head and neck cancer patients and their caregivers: A cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Nguyen Oliver T. , Donato Umberto , McCormick Rachael , Reblin Maija , Kim Lindsay , Hume Emma , Otto Amy K. , Alishahi Tabriz Amir , Islam Jessica Y. , Hong Young‐Rock , Turner Kea , Patel Krupal B.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients experience greater financial toxicity than other cancer patients. Research on financial toxicity has concentrated on patients despite many informal caregivers sharing finances and reducing work hours to provide patient care. Thus, our pilot study: (1) assessed the feasibility of financial toxicity screening of HNC patients and their caregivers, and (2) described financial toxicity levels of HNC patients and their caregivers.

Methods

We surveyed English‐speaking adult HNC patients initiating treatment at a National Cancer Institute‐designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and their informal caregivers. This survey assessed demographics and financial toxicity through the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) measure (0–44 range; lower score indicates higher financial toxicity). Screening feasibility was defined as ≥50% consent rate and ≥60% data completion rate.

Results

Our sample included 27 HNC patients and 9 caregivers. They both had slightly lower consent and completion rates than our goals. Patients reported a median COST score of 27 while caregivers reported a median COST score of 16. Approximately 25.9% of patients and 44.4% of caregivers reported high financial toxicity (COST < 17.5). Caregivers reported high concerns about their future financial health and their ability to control the amount of their financial contributions to the patient's care.

Conclusions

Patients and caregivers may require additional outreach approaches beyond emailed questionnaires to screen for their financial toxicity systematically. Future research is needed to replicate our results to determine whether differences in financial toxicity occur between patients and caregivers and identify areas of focus for interventions.

Level of evidence

IV.
On the average degree of some irreducible characters of a finite group
Authors: Akhlaghi Zeinab
Published: March 2023

Let G be a finite group and N be a non‐trivial normal subgroup of G, such that the average degree of irreducible characters in is less than or equal to 16/5. Then, we prove that N is solvable. Also, we prove the solvability of G, by assuming that the average degree of irreducible characters in is strictly less than 16/5. We show that the bounds are sharp.
On Kummer‐like surfaces attached to singularity and modular forms
Authors: Nagano Atsuhira , Shiga Hironori
Published: March 2023

We study a family of lattice polarized K3 surfaces which is an extension of the family of Kummer surfaces derived from principally polarized Abelian surfaces. Our family has two special properties. First, it is coming from a resolution of a simple K3 singularity. Second, it has a natural parameterization by Hermitian modular forms of four complex variables. In this paper, we show two results: (1) we determine the transcendental lattice and the Néron–Severi lattice of a generic member of our family. (2) We give a detailed description of the double covering structure associated with our K3 surfaces.
A mathematical modeling and numerical study for stochastic Fisher–SI model driven by space uniform white noise
Authors: Uma D. , Jafari H. , Raja Balachandar S. , Venkatesh S. G.
Published: March 2023

In this study, we propose an approximate solution based on two‐dimensional shifted Legendre polynomials to solve nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with variable coefficients. For this purpose, we have considered a Fisher‐Kolmogorov‐Petrovsky‐Piskunov (Fisher–KPP) equation with space uniform white noise for the same. New stochastic operational matrix of integration based on shifted Legendre polynomials is generated. This operational matrix reduces the problem under study into solving a system of algebraic equations. The convergence analysis is discussed, and the error bound in
norm is derived and obtained as
. The theoretical analysis confirms that as the degree of the approximation polynomial is increased, the solution is on par with the exact solution. The numerical examples confirm the accuracy and the applicability of the proposed method. A comparative study is carried out with explicit 1.5 order Runge–Kutta method. The time complexity of the proposed technique is also studied.
Technical note: Dose voxel resolution determination for Monte Carlo electron beam simulation in thin targets
Authors: Insley Benjamin Abraham , Bartkoski Dirk Alan , Salehpour Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2023

Background

Monte Carlo particle simulation has become the primary tool for designing low‐energy miniature x‐ray tubes due to the difficulties of physically prototyping these devices and characterizing their radiation fields. Accurate simulation of electronic interactions within their targets is necessary for modeling both photon production and heat transfer. Voxel‐averaging can conceal hot spots in the target heat deposition profile that can threaten the integrity of the tube.

Purpose

This research seeks a computationally‐efficient method of estimating voxel‐averaging error in energy deposition simulations of electron beams penetrating thin targets to inform the appropriate scoring resolution for a desired accuracy level.

Methods

An analytical model to estimate voxel‐averaging along the target depth was developed and compared to results from Geant4 via its wrapper, TOPAS. A 200 keV planar electron beam was simulated to impinge tungsten targets of thicknesses between 1.5‐ and 12.5‐. For each target, the model was used to calculate the energy deposition ratio between voxels of varying sizes centered on the longitudinal midpoint of the target. Model‐calculated ratios were compared to simulation outputs to gauge the model's accuracy. Then, the model was used to approximate the error between the point value of electron energy deposition and a voxel‐based measurement.

Results

The model underestimates error to within 5% for targets less than 7.5‐ in thickness with increasing error for greater thicknesses. For the 1.5‐ target, calculations of the point‐vs.‐voxel energy deposition show an 11% averaging effect between the midpoint and a 1.5‐ voxel. Energy deposition profiles along the target depth were also calculated in the Monte Carlo for reference.

Conclusion

A simple analytical model was developed with reasonable accuracy to guide Monte Carlo users in estimating the appropriate depth‐voxel size for thin‐target x‐ray tube simulations. This methodology can be adapted for other radiological contexts to increase robustness in point‐value estimations.
Balancing perspectives on performance: “Measurement from the inside” and “measurement from the outside”
Authors: Lee Boram , Sejas‐Portillo Rodolfo , Fraser Ian
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the nature of tensions “on the ground” between the internal and external stakeholders of arts organizations in terms of performance measurement. Based on the qualitative analysis of 19 interviews, the performance measurement practices of two different‐sized arts organizations highlight internal and external stakeholders' contrasting perspectives on a number of measurement dimensions. In endeavoring to understand tensions between internal and external stakeholders, the article highlights the main differences which result from seemingly opposed ways of knowing. Internal stakeholders tend more to reflect “phronesis,” based on value‐rationality, while external stakeholders are more inclined to technical (“techne”), or analytical (“episteme”) knowledge based on instrumental rationality. Nevertheless, there is some evidence of positive engagement between internal and external stakeholders. The article argues that in order to mitigate tensions, internal and external stakeholders should aim for culturally embedded understanding through evaluation‐focused dialogue. In providing both theoretical contributions to nonprofit literature and managerial implications, the article offers an original perspective that challenges existing practice and calls for greater understanding of conflicting interests when different stakeholders are involved in performance measurement.
Circadian aspects of mortality in hospitalized patients: A retrospective observation from a large cohort
Authors: Fang Miao , Xiang Shunju , Xiao Xiaoqiang , Mo Qianning , Si Yang
Published: March 2023

Aim

This study aimed to describe the circadian characteristics of hospitalized mortality in order to provide nursing guidance for preventing in‐hospital mortality.

Design

A retrospective analysis on inpatient information was implemented.

Methods

Harmonic Analysis of Time Series was applied to quantify the periodic structure of the frequency of the occurrence of death.

Results

A total of 3300 cases were included in the present study (male, 63.4% and median age 73 years), including 1540 (46.7%) ICU patients. Incidence of overall hospitalized death exhibited a circadian pattern, presenting peaks from 07:00 to 12:00 and 15:00 to 20:00 P.M., with 21.5% and 13.1% increase above the average at those peak points, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) showed peaks between 06:00–12:00 and 15:00–20:00, with a 34.7% and 28.0% increase above the average at peak time, respectively. The distribution of death incidence revealed no statistical difference between SCD and non‐SCD (p = 0.525).
Operators Need to Know How to Test for Nitrification Potential
Authors: Adams Hunter , Nix Daniel K. , Southard Mark , Ash Steve , Ghosh Amlan , Meteer Laura
Published: March 2023

Understanding how to use different types of process control tests to detect nitrification can guide water plant operators in their response.
Consequence modeling of liquefied petroleum gas accidental release from retail outlets in an African city residential environment
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulraheem Khadijat , Adeniran Jamiu Adetayo , Aremu Adeniyi Saheed , Yusuf Muhammad‐Najeeb , Oyeneye Afeez Kolawole , Atanda Sarat Ayodele , Abubakar Ismail
Published: March 2023

The drive by the Nigerian government to increase the usage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) within the country has led to the rapid growth of refill stations without adherence to international safety and regulatory guidelines on gas handling. This has increased associated hazards such as explosions and fires leading to loss of life and damage to properties. This study employed the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres software to model the consequences of explosion and fire due to accidental leakage of LPG into the environment in four selected locations in the Ilorin metropolis under four scenarios. The longest threat zones were observed in Scenario II in all the selected refill stations. The flammability hazard for gas station 1 was predicted to be 98 and 238 m for the red and yellow threat zones, respectively. For thermal radiation, the predicted threat zones are 17, 27, and 43 m for 10, 5, and 2 kW/m2, respectively. January was observed to have the longest threat zones, particularly in the flammability hazard which indicates the influence of atmospheric weather conditions on dispersion. To reduce the accidental release of LPG, continuous enlightenment on safety rules is mandatory for all.
Synthesis of Sheet‐like Zeolite TS‐1 with Short b‐Axis for Epoxidation of 1‐Hexene
Authors: Zhang Min , Ren Shenyong , Guo Qiaoxia , Shen Baojian
Published: March 2023

In zeolite TS‐1, the straight channel parallelled to the b‐axis direction has larger pore size and thus is main diffusion channel for molecules. Shorter b‐axis brings about shorter diffusion channel, which can leads to higher adsorption and diffusion rate. Therefore, with regard to the morphology modification of MFI zeolites, many studies touch on short b‐axis zeolites have been reported. Unfortunately, most of the preparation processes require harsh synthesis conditions and complex organic templates, and they are not conducive to large‐scale applications. In this work, cheap organic additive urea and seed crystals were added to synthesize sheet‐like TS‐1, which boasts short b‐axis. At the same time a pre‐crystallization was performed at the aging solution stage. In the b‐axis direction, the zeolite TS‐1 prepared in this way had a minimum thickness of about 50 nm. This is because urea can inhibit the growth of crystals in the b‐axis direction, and the guiding effect of the seed liquid also plays the function of adjusting the b‐axis thickness. In the epoxidation of 1‐hexene with H2O2 when catalyzed by sheet‐like TS‐1, the selectivity of the target product 1,2‐epoxyhexane was significantly improved.
Self‐Healing Polyurethane Binder with Catalytic Thermal Decomposition Property Based on Metal‐Ligand Interaction
Authors: Dhas Akash M , Banerjee Shaibal
Published: March 2023

Hydroxyl Terminated Poly Butadiene (HTPB) based polyurethanes are widely used as polymeric binders in energetic formulations & other applications. Hence, customization in structure of HTPB has been investigated to improve their mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, modification of HTPB polyurethane has been reported in this paper by incorporating 2‐hydroxy‐3, 5‐dinitropyridine (DNP) covalently into the HTPB polyurethane matrix in order to exhibit self‐healing properties. The functionalized polyurethane concurrently displays self‐healing capability via metal‐ligand interaction and also catalytic activity towards thermal decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate (AP). The self‐healing ability was observed by Optical Microscope and up to 96 % healing efficiency was observed by UTM analysis. Further, the catalytic activity was observed with thermal decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate performed by DSC shows lowering in decomposition temperature by 73 °C. By involving the self‐healing and catalytic activity through single moiety in the polymer chain, this two‐in‐one strategy allows to produce advance binders for energetic formulations.
Solvent‐Free Choline Derivative Synthesis as a Powerful Organic Synthesis Medium
Authors: Kamali Ehsan , Mohammadkhani Abolfazl , Pazoki Farzane , Heydari Akbar
Published: March 2023

This study synthesized choline amide as a solvent‐free reagent and ion liquid in one pot to directly create benzylamine without producing associated salts. The synthesis of benzyl azide was also carried out with choline azide solventless, and 1,2,3‐triazole was prepared in the method mentioned. The synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles followed the process of a formal benzyl azide cycloaddition. For this purpose, a deep eutectic solvent was used as a catalyst to complete the nitrostyrene process. Both reactions were conducted with a high isolated yield without harmful solvents or catalysts. Eco‐friendly and economically feasible, the method also met environmental standards.
Recent Scenario for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Moiety(2020–2022)
Authors: Choudhary Annu , Viradiya Riddhi H. , Ghoghari Rajnikant N. , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: March 2023

The benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of the imidazole ring in the bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic compound known as benzimidazole. Benzimidazole is an important heterocyclic scaffold exhibiting a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and plays a crucial role in drug design. It is synthesized by a straightforward nucleophilic substitution reaction and condensation method between o‐phenylenediamine and a carbonyl compound under various conditions. In recent years benzimidazole have gained more attention in chemistry due to their biomedical importance. This study focuses on synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives by numerous homogeneous catalysts related from s‐ block, p‐ block, transition metal, inner transition metal and environmentally benign synthetic approaches, via heterogeneous catalyst in metal‐free conditions. Benzimidazole has several applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. Its scaffolds are omnipresent in several bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically important compounds. This review highlights synthetic approaches and studies of benzimidazole reported from the year 2020 onwards.
Pyrazine‐Functionalized Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution with High Proton Transport
Authors: Wang Feng‐Dong , Yang Li‐Juan , Wang Xin‐Xin , Rong Yi , Yang Li‐Bin , Zhang Chen‐Xi , Yan Fang‐You , Wang Qing‐Lun
Published: March 2023

The well‐defined 2D or 3D structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) makes it have great potential in photoelectric conversion and ions conduction fields. Herein, a new donor–accepter (D–A) COF material, named PyPz‐COF, constructed from electron donor 4,4′,4″,4′″‐(pyrene‐1,3,6,8‐tetrayl)tetraaniline and electron accepter 4,4′‐(pyrazine‐2,5‐diyl)dibenzaldehyde with an ordered and stable π‐conjugated structure is reported. Interestingly, the introduction of pyrazine ring endows the PyPz‐COF a distinct optical, electrochemical, charge‐transfer properties, and also brings plentiful CN groups that enrich the proton by hydrogen bonds to enhance the photocatalysis performance. Thus, PyPz‐COF exhibits a significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance up to 7542 µmol g−1 h−1 with Pt as cocatalyst, also in clear contrast to that of PyTp‐COF without pyrazine introduction (1714 µmol g−1 h−1). Moreover, the abundant nitrogen sites of the pyrazine ring and the well‐defined 1D nanochannels enable the as‐prepared COFs to immobilize H3PO4 proton carriers in COFs through hydrogen bond confinement. The resulting material has an impressive proton conduction up to 8.10 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 353 K, 98% RH. This work will inspire the design and synthesis of COF‐based materials with both efficient photocatalysis and proton conduction performance in the future.