bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing hexavalent chromium removal from textile effluent with low-cost adsorbent: simulation and a techno-economic study
Authors: Esmati F. , Holliday M. C. , Zein S. H. , Jabbar K. J. , Tan S. H. , Putranto A.
Published: September 2024

This paper simulated hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) adsorption using cocoa pod husk biosorbent in a fixed bed column using Aspen Adsorption. This study was designed to show the effectiveness of computational methods in designing, optimising and evaluating the scaled-up adsorption process using low-cost adsorbents. To the best of our knowledge, the economic analysis of Cr(VI) removal using biosorbent adsorption columns with the assistance of Aspen Adsorption and response-surface methodology (RSM) has not been performed previously. Design Expert and RSM were used to optimise and describe the effect of flow rate and initial concentration on breakthrough and saturation times. The breakthrough time was improved by a higher bed height (2.0 m), a wider diameter (2.0 m), and lowering the flow rate (0.010 L/s). The initial concentration had no effect (1.00 mol/L). The predicted breakthrough and saturation time were 29,360 s and 313,351 s, respectively. Two scenarios were economically compared over 20 years. Scenario 1 (1-day breakthrough time) costs $746,585 and Scenario 2 (4-week breakthrough time) costs $1,538,319. This is because Scenario 2 used a taller, wider column which required a greater amount of adsorbent, and 387,873 m3 of water were processed, respectively. Processed water was dependent on the flow rate and breakthrough time. It was concluded that cocoa pod husk could be an efficient adsorbent and the adsorption process can be successfully simulated and optimised. The use of alternative low-cost adsorbents should be encouraged. The economic study showed that simulation and RSM data could successfully be used for economic analysis.

Graphical abstract
Childhood Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Cognition and Mental Health in Adolescence: The PANIC Study
Authors: Haapala Eero A. , Leppänen Marja H. , Skog Hannamari , Lubans David R. , Viitasalo Anna , Lintu Niina , Jalanko Petri , Määttä Sara , Lakka Timo A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Cognitive and mental health problems are highly prevalent in adolescence. While higher levels of physical fitness may mitigate these problems, there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies on the associations of physical fitness from childhood with cognition and mental health in adolescence.

Objective

We investigated the associations of physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over an 8-year follow-up with cognition and mental health in adolescence.

Methods

The participants were 241 adolescents (112 girls), who were 6–9 years at baseline and 15–17 years at 8-year follow-up. Average and change scores for cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output [Wmax]; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), motor fitness (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (standing long jump; hand grip strength) were calculated. Global cognition score was computed from six individual cognitive tasks, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed at the 8-year follow-up. The data were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education.

Results

Average motor fitness was positively associated with global cognition score (standardised regression coefficient [β] − 0.164, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.318 to − 0.010) and inversely with perceived stress (β = 0.182, 95% CI 0.032–0.333) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.181, 95% CI 0.028–0.333). Average cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with perceived stress (Wmax: β =  − 0.166, 95% CI − 0.296 to − 0.036; VO2peak: β =  − 0.149, 95% CI − 0.295 to − 0.002) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β =  − 0.276, 95% CI − 0.405 to − 0.147; VO2peak: β =  − 0.247, 95% CI − 0.393 to − 0.102). A larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower perceived stress (Wmax: β =  − 0.158, 95% CI − 0.312 to − 0.003; VO2peak: β =  − 0.220, 95% CI − 0.395 to − 0.044) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β =  − 0.216, 95% CI − 0.371 to − 0.061; VO2peak: β =  − 0.257, 95% CI − 0.433 to − 0.080).

Conclusions

Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.
Prevalence and future estimates of frailty and pre-frailty in a population-based sample of people 70 years and older in Norway: the HUNT study
Authors: Kyrdalen Ingebjørg Lavrantsdatter , Strand Bjørn Heine , Selbæk Geir , Thingstad Pernille , Ormstad Heidi , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Skjellegrind Håvard Kjesbu , Tangen Gro Gujord
Published: September 2024

Background

Frailty in older people is a rising global health concern; therefore, monitoring prevalence estimates and presenting projections of future frailty are important for healthcare planning.

Aim

To present current prevalence estimates of frailty and pre-frailty and future projections according to both dominant frailty models in a large population-based observational study including adults ≥ 70 years in Norway.

Methods

In this population-based observational study, we included 9956 participants from the HUNT4 70 + study, conducting assessments at field stations, homes, and nursing homes. Frailty was assessed using Fried criteria and a 35-item frailty index (HUNT4-FI). Inverse probability weighting and calibration using post-stratification weights and aggregated register data for Norway according to age, sex, and education ensured representativeness, and population projection models were used to estimate future prevalence.

Results

According to Fried criteria, the current prevalence rates of frailty and pre-frailty in people ≥ 70 years were 10.6% and 41.9%, respectively, and for HUNT4-FI 35.8% and 33.2%, respectively. Compared to previous European estimates we identified higher overall frailty prevalence, but lower prevalence in younger age groups. Projections suggest the number of Norwegian older adults living with frailty will close to double by 2040.

Conclusion

Frailty in older people in Norway is more prevalent than previous European estimates, emphasising the imperative for effective interventions aimed to delay and postpone frailty and ensure healthcare system sustainability in an ageing population. Future planning should consider the great heterogeneity in health and functioning within the 70 + population.
Monitoring wheat area using sentinel-2 imagery and In-situ spectroradiometer data in heterogeneous field conditions
Authors: Islam AFM Tariqul , Islam A. K. M. Saiful , Islam G. M. Tarekul , Bala Sujit Kumar , Salehin Mashfiqus , Choudhury Apurba Kanti , Mahboob M. Golam , Dey Nepal C. , Hossain Akbar
Published: September 2024

Crop statistics are crucial for developing a demand-based export and import strategy to ensure a country’s sustainable food security. Remote sensing efficiently generates essential crop statistics, while ground-based supplementary sensor data offers sufficient information for crop delineation. This study explored the multispectral satellite imagery using in-situ ground-based hyperspectral reflectance phenology information as training data to delineate wheat from other competitive winter crops in Northwestern Bangladesh as a case study. Wheat spectral signatures were primarily obtained through a hand-held Spectroradiometer at various phenological stages, aligned with Sentinel-2 data availability. Five vegetation indices (VIs), namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Red-edge NDVI (RENDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Greenness Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), were derived from Spectroradiometer-data across six wheat growth stages: seedling, tillering, booting, flowering, grain development, and maturity. Maximum and minimum threshold values for the VIs at those six growth stages were determined from regression analysis of the values collected from Spectroradiometer and Sentinel-2. A rule-based classification technique was then used to categorize Sentinel-2 for wheat crop delineation based on those threshold values. The results revealed that maps based on NDVI, EVI, and SAVI showed overall accuracies of 83.33%, 85.18%, and 81.48%, respectively. These accuracies were found to be statistically acceptable (p < 0.05) outcomes. A positive agreement was observed when comparing the remotely sensed area at the union (4th tier administrative level) with the officially reported data of Bangladesh. This innovative method has the potential to be extended for developing phenology and area delineation for other major crops locally and globally.
Axisymmetric Incompressible Viscous Plasmas: Global Well-Posedness and Asymptotics
Authors: Arsénio Diogo , Hassainia Zineb , Houamed Haroune
Published: September 2024

This paper is devoted to the global analysis of the three-dimensional axisymmetric Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations. More precisely, we are able to prove that, for large values of the speed of light

$c\in (c_0, \infty )$

, for some threshold

$c_0>0$

depending only on the initial data, the system in question admits a unique global solution. The ensuing bounds on the solutions are uniform with respect to the speed of light, which allows us to study the singular regime

$c\rightarrow \infty $

and rigorously derive the limiting viscous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system in the axisymmetric setting.

The strategy of our proofs draws insight from recent results on the two-dimensional incompressible Euler–Maxwell system to exploit the dissipative–dispersive structure of Maxwell’s system in the axisymmetric setting. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the asymptotic regime

$c\to \infty $

allows us to derive a robust nonlinear energy estimate which holds uniformly in c. As a byproduct of such refined uniform estimates, we are able to describe the global strong convergence of solutions toward the MHD system.

This collection of results seemingly establishes the first available global well-posedness of three-dimensional viscous plasmas, where the electric and magnetic fields are governed by the complete Maxwell equations, for large initial data as

$c\to \infty $

.
Neural activation changes following attention bias modification treatment or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Azriel Omer , Arad Gal , Tik Niv , Weiser Mark , Bloch Miki , Garber Eddie , Lazarov Amit , Pine Daniel S. , Tavor Ido , Bar-Haim Yair
Published: September 2024

Background

Delineation of changes in neural function associated with novel and established treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD) can advance treatment development. We examined such changes following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and attention bias modification (ABM) variant – gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GC-MRT), a first-line and an emerging treatments for SAD.

Methods

Eighty-one patients with SAD were allocated to 12-week treatments of either SSRI or GC-MRT, or waitlist (ns = 22, 29, and 30, respectively). Baseline and post-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected during a social-threat processing task, in which attention was directed toward and away from threat/neutral faces.

Results

Patients who received GC-MRT or SSRI showed greater clinical improvement relative to patients in waitlist. Compared to waitlist patients, treated patients showed greater activation increase in the right inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex when instructed to attend toward social threats and away from neutral stimuli. An additional anterior cingulate cortex cluster differentiated between the two active groups. Activation in this region increased in ABM and decreased in SSRI. In the ABM group, symptom change was positively correlated with neural activation change in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions

Brain function measures show both shared and treatment-specific changes following ABM and SSRI treatments for SAD, highlighting the multiple pathways through which the two treatments might work. Treatment-specific neural responses suggest that patients with SAD who do not fully benefit from SSRI or ABM may potentially benefit from the alternative treatment, or from a combination of the two.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03346239. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03346239
Follow-Up Care Offers and Acceptance in Crisis Line Suicide Prevention Services
Authors: Fulginiti Anthony , Doyle Megan , Miller Stephen , Lee Sae , Pasquarella Fred J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Background: Prior work has explored the impact of follow-up calls in a crisis line context, but no research has investigated the offer and acceptance of follow-up care. Aims: To identify caller/call characteristics associated with whether a caller is offered and accepts follow-up services. Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 55,594 callers to a member center of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (988) between 2017 and 2019. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between caller/call characteristics and two follow-up outcomes. Results: Black callers and those with higher suicide capability and intent had greater odds of being offered and accepting follow-up. Longer call duration was also associated with higher odds of being offered and accepting follow-up. Higher suicidal desire uniquely increased the odds of offers, whereas a higher level of buffers uniquely decreased the odds of offers. Limitations: Data were collected from a single 988-member center and cannot be generalized. Conclusions: That one-third of callers do not accept follow-up highlights the need to understand reasons for not accepting follow-up. That callers with higher risk profiles are offered and accept follow-up at higher rates is reassuring and underscores the benefit of tailoring follow-up interventions for higher-risk callers.
Establishment of single-cell transcriptional states during seed germination
Authors: Liew Lim Chee , You Yue , Auroux Lucas , Oliva Marina , Peirats-Llobet Marta , Ng Sophia , Tamiru-Oli Muluneh , Berkowitz Oliver , Hong Uyen Vu Thuy , Haslem Asha , Stuart Tim , Ritchie Matthew E. , Bassel George W. , Lister Ryan , Whelan James , Gouil Quentin , Lewsey Mathew G.
Published: September 2024

Germination involves highly dynamic transcriptional programs as the cells of seeds reactivate and express the functions necessary for establishment in the environment. Individual cell types have distinct roles within the embryo, so must therefore have cell type-specific gene expression and gene regulatory networks. We can better understand how the functions of different cell types are established and contribute to the embryo by determining how cell type-specific transcription begins and changes through germination. Here we describe a temporal analysis of the germinating Arabidopsis thaliana embryo at single-cell resolution. We define the highly dynamic cell type-specific patterns of gene expression and how these relate to changing cellular function as germination progresses. Underlying these are unique gene regulatory networks and transcription factor activity. We unexpectedly discover that most embryo cells transition through the same initial transcriptional state early in germination, even though cell identity has already been established during embryogenesis. Cells later transition to cell type-specific gene expression patterns. Furthermore, our analyses support previous findings that the earliest events leading to the induction of seed germination take place in the vasculature. Overall, our study constitutes a general framework with which to characterize Arabidopsis cell transcriptional states through seed germination, allowing investigation of different genotypes and other plant species whose seed strategies may differ.
Domestic dogs as reservoirs for African trypanosomiasis in Mambwe district, eastern Zambia
Authors: Lisulo Malimba , Namangala Boniface , Mweempwa Cornelius , Banda Maxwell , Chambaro Herman , Moonga Ladslav , Kyoko Hayashida , Chihiro Sugimoto , Picozzi Kim , Maciver Sutherland K. , MacLeod Ewan T.
Published: September 2024

The control of African trypanosomiasis (AT) in Eastern and Southern Africa, including Zambia, faces huge challenges due to the involvement of wild and domestic animal reservoirs. Free-roaming dogs in wildlife-populated and tsetse-infested villages of Zambia’s Mambwe district are exposed to infectious tsetse bites. Consuming fresh raw game meat and bones further exacerbates their risk of contracting AT. We focus on the reservoir role of such dogs in maintaining and transmitting diverse species of trypanosomes that are infective to humans and livestock in Zambia’s Mambwe district. A cohort of 162 dogs was enrolled for follow-up at 3 different time points from June to December 2018 in selected villages of Malama, Mnkhanya, and Nsefu chiefdoms of Mambwe district, eastern Zambia. Blood and serum were screened for AT by microscopy, GM6 ELISA, PCR (ITS1 and SRA), and Sanger sequencing. Out of the 162 dogs in the cohort, 40 were lost to follow-up and only 122 remained traceable at the end of the study. GM6 ELISA detected Trypanosoma antibodies in 121 dogs (74.7%) and ITS1-PCR detected DNA involving single and mixed infections of T. congolense, T. brucei, and suspected T. simiae or T. godfreyi in 115 dogs (70.9%). The human-infective T. b. rhodesiense was detected by SRA PCR in 67 dogs (41.4%), and some sequence data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the GenBank under accession numbers OL961811, OL961812, and OL961813. Our study demonstrates that the Trypanosoma reservoir community in Zambia is wider than was thought and includes domesticated dogs. As dogs are active carriers of human and livestock-infective trypanosomes, they pose a risk of transmitting AT in endemic villages of Mambwe district as they are neglected and left untreated. To fully bring AT under control, countries such as Zambia where the role of animal reservoirs is important, should not limit their prevention and treatment efforts to livestock (especially cattle) but also include dogs that play an integral part in most rural communities.
Hepatic and immune modulatory effectiveness of lactoferrin loaded Selenium nanoparticles on bleomycin induced hepatic injury
Authors: Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G. , Ashry Mahmoud , Hassan Laila K. , El-Azma Marwa H. , Elqattan Ghada M. , Gadelmawla Mohamed H. A. , Mannaa Fathia A.
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to estimate the hepatic and immune ameliorating potential of extracted bovine lactoferrin (LF), Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) or their combination (LF/SeNPs) against bleomycin (BLM) induced hepatic injury. Fifty adult male rats (160–200 g) were equally divided into five groups: (1) the saline control group, (2) BLM-injected (15 mg/kg twice a week, ip), and (3–5) groups treated orally with LF (200 mg/kg/day), SeNPs (0.0486 mg/kg/day) or LF/SeNPs combination (200.0486 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks post BLM-intoxication. Blood and liver samples were subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results revealed that BLM caused a significant increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, as well as serum markers of liver functions (AST, ALT and GGT activities), and levels of GM-CSF, CD4, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, fibronectin, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL-C. Additionally, hepatic glutathione, Na+/K+-ATPase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as serum HDL-C, total protein and albumin levels were significantly reduced. Moreover, BLM injection resulted in marked histopathological alterations and severe expression of caspase 3. Post-treatment of BLM-intoxicated rats with LF, SeNPs or LF/SeNPs combination obviously improved the BLM-induced hepatic damages; this was achieved from the marked modulations in the mentioned parameters, besides improving the histopathological hepatic architecture. It is worth mentioning that LF/SeNPs exerted the greatest potency. In conclusion, the obtained results demonstrated that LF, SeNPs and LF/SeNPs succeeded in attenuating the BLM-induced hepatic dysfunction. Therefore, these supplements might be used to protect against drug-associated side effects.
Effects of tillage management on soil organic carbon mineralization under double cropping rice system of southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Shi Lihong , Wen Li , Cheng Kaikai , Li Chao , Li Weiyan , Xiao Xiaoping
Published: September 2024

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in maintaining or enhancing soil fertility and quality of paddy field, but there is still limited information about how SOC mineralization responds to different tillage managements under the double-cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) system in southern of China. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the changes in SOC content, soil enzyme activities (invertase, cellulose and urease), SOC mineralization at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers and its relationship with 7-years tillage management under the double-cropping rice system of southern China. The experiment included four tillage managements: rotary tillage with all residues removed as a control (RTO), conventional tillage with residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), and no-tillage with residue retention (NT). The results indicated that SOC and soil labile organic carbon contents at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with CT and RT treatments were significantly higher than the RTO treatment. Compared to the RTO treatment, SOC mineralization and accumulation at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with CT, RT and NT treatments were increased. SOC accumulation and potential mineralization at 0–10 cm layer with NT treatment were significantly higher than the CT, RT and RTO treatments. Soil mineralization constant at 10–20 cm layer with CT treatment was significantly higher than those of RT, NT and RTO treatments. This result indicated SOC mineralization rate and accumulation at 10–20 cm layer of CT, RT, NT and RTO treatments were lower than those of treatments at 0–10 cm layer. Compared to RTO treatment, soil invertase, cellulose and urease activities with CT and RT treatments were significantly increased. Compared to RTO treatment, soil invertase, cellulose and urease activities at 0–20 cm layer of CT treatment increased by 22.6%, 46.2% and 89.0%, respectively. There was significantly positive correlation between SOC accumulation and SOC content, soil invertase, cellulose, urease activities, but SOC accumulation was significantly negative correlated with soil pH, bulk density. Therefore, CT and RT treatments were beneficial managements to improve SOC content and SOC mineralization in the double-cropping rice field of southern China.
Blood pressure management to prevent recurrent stroke: current evidence and perspectives
Authors: Silva Gisele Sampaio , de Andrade João Brainer Clares , Martins Eduardo Bello , Santo Karla , Julia Machline-Carrion M.
Published: September 2024

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for stroke, causing about 60% of cases. Effective blood pressure control is vital for preventing recurrent ischemic strokes, with studies showing mixed results. Intensive control reduces cardiovascular events, as seen in the SPRINT, PROGRESS and STEP studies, while trials like RESPECT show no difference. Technological advances like AI and wearables enhance management, but challenges remain in achieving equitable control, especially for minorities.
Polysorbate 80-containing ionizable lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery
Authors: Tang Xuefeng , Ding Shixiao , Yang Shilin , Cheng Yuqiao , Liu Hanyu , Chen Kexin , Han Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

Compared to PEG-iLNPs, PS80-iLNPs showed a 1.14-fold increase in stealthiness, 1.12 times higher cell viability and superior protein adsorption resistance.
Antioxidant activities of metal single-atom nanozymes in biomedicine
Authors: Zeng Qingdong , Zhong Huihai , Liao Jiahao , Huo Qin , Miao Beiping , Zeng Li , Zhang Bin , Nie Guohui
Published: September 2024

Atomically dispersed metal catalysts can simulate the activity of various antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, and are used to treat different diseases related to oxidative stress.
A new family of heterometallic [Cu6M4] (M = Gd, Tb, Dy and Y) clusters derived from the combined use of selected pyridyl poly-alcohol ligands
Authors: Anastassiades Antonis , Alexandropoulos Dimitris I. , Buch Christian D. , Piligkos Stergios , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J.
Published: September 2024

Heterometallic [Cu6M4] (M = Gd, Tb, Dy, Y) complexes with a unique three-layered [Cu6M4(μ-OR)16]8+ core are reported. Magnetism studies revealed dominant ferromagnetic exchange interactions and a spin ground state value S = 17 for the Gd-analogue.
The evolution of immune profiling: will there be a role for nanoparticles?
Authors: Eremina Olga E. , Vazquez Celine , Larson Kimberly N. , Mouchawar Anthony , Fernando Augusta , Zavaleta Cristina
Published: September 2024

Immune profiling provides insights into functioning of the immune system: distribution, abundance and activity of cells. Nanoparticles can offer a versatile approach to profile the immune system with improved efficiency and multiplexed imaging power.
Design of a bifunctional Janus structure for high efficiency solar distillation in hypersaline brine
Authors: Han Yun , Du Yunchen , Zhu Li , Liu Yonglei , Hu Bo , Sun Bojing , Han Fei
Published: September 2024

We report a new evaporator design for high efficiency and durable solar distillation (up to 14 days) in hypersaline brine. The design is achieved by doping a new photothermal conversion material, Ni@C composite, into a salt-resistant Janus scaffold.
Total synthesis of spiro Ganoderma meroterpenoids spiroapplanatumines B, D, F, and H
Authors: Zhang Jia-Hao , Luo Wen-Cai , Chen Wen-Tao , He Yu-Tao , Hu Ya-Jian
Published: September 2024

The first total synthesis of spiroapplanatumines B, D, F, and H as well as the possibly undiscovered natural product spiroapplanatumine R has been achieved.
A neural compact model based on transfer learning for organic FETs with Gaussian disorder
Authors: Cho Minsun , Franot Marin , Lee O-Joun , Jung Sungyeop
Published: September 2024

Successful prediction of the electrical characteristics of OFETs with Gaussian disorder utilizing deep learning and transfer learning resulted in enhanced efficiency.
Weakened charge trapping at the electrode/active layer interface in a bulk heterojunction-based organic phototransistor for quick photomultiplication
Authors: Liu Chaoran , Xiong Shicheng , Sun Di , Xie Zengqi , Liu Linlin
Published: September 2024

Incorporation of receptors leads to degradation of photodetection performance when metal electrode devices with more matched energy levels are used.
A dilute ferromagnetic ZrO2/carbon nanocomposite derived from a zirconium-based metal–organic framework for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhang Fengyi , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Yongjun
Published: September 2024

Dilute ferromagnetic ZrO2/carbon nanocomposites have been fabricated based on a Zr-MOF. The ZrO2/C_700 nanocomposite exhibits a superior reflection loss of −59.69 dB at 2.88 mm and a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 6.44 GHz at 2.36 mm.
High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes based on cationic iridium(iii) complexes with double tridentate ligands
Authors: Kang Yang , Ren Sheng , Ying Zhao Zhi , Bi-Hai Tong , Ping Chen , Hui Kong
Published: September 2024

Record-high device performance has been achieved with EQEmax over 17% by cationic tridentate Ir(iii) complexes.
Capacity analysis over fractional order Rayleigh fading channel under additive white generalized Gaussian noise
Authors: Kakavand Mehran , Hassannejad Bibalan Mohammadreza , Baghani Mina
Published: September 2024

This study presents an innovative fractional order Rayleigh fading model that can be used for channel capacity estimation in the presence of additive white generalized Gaussian noise. The proposed model assumes that the real and imaginary parts of channel gains are generalized Gaussian random variables, which makes it possible to consider the traditional Rayleigh fading model as a special case of fractional order Rayleigh fading. Compared to the Rayleigh model, the fractional order Rayleigh fading model offers a more precise representation of new real‐world communication, such as integrating terrestrial and underwater networks in sixth‐generation communications channels. The probability density function of the channel gain with additive white generalized Gaussian noise is analyzed here. Furthermore, the ergodic and outage capacities of the channel are determined, taking into account the assumption that the channel state information is only available at the receiver. The ergodic capacity is calculated using Meijer's G‐functions, resulting in a closed‐form expression. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the fractional order Rayleigh fading model over the Rayleigh channel. Moreover, the impact of ergodic and outage capacities under diverse channel characteristics is assessed.
Research on priority scheduling strategy for smoothing power fluctuations of microgrid tie‐lines based on PER‐DDPG algorithm
Authors: Dong Lun , Huang Yuan , Xu Xiao , Zhang Zhenyuan , Liu Junyong , Pan Li , Hu Weihao
Published: September 2024

The variability of renewable energy within microgrids (MGs) necessitates the smoothing of power fluctuations through the effective scheduling of internal power equipment. Otherwise, significant power variations on the tie‐line connecting the MG to the main power grid could occur. This study introduces an innovative scheduling strategy that utilizes a data‐driven approach, employing a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to achieve this smoothing effect. The strategy prioritizes the scheduling of MG's internal power devices, taking into account the stochastic charging patterns of electric vehicles. The scheduling optimization model is initially described as a Markov decision process with the goal of minimizing power fluctuations on the interconnection lines and operational costs of the MG. Subsequently, after preprocessing the historical operational data of the MG, an enhanced scheduling strategy is developed through a neural network learning process. Finally, the results from four scheduling scenarios demonstrate the significant impact of the proposed strategy. Comparisons of reward curves before and after data preprocessing underscore its importance. In contrast to optimization results from deep deterministic policy gradient, soft actor‐critic, and particle swarm optimization algorithms, the superiority of the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm with the addition of a priority experience replay mechanism is highlighted.
TriPoD: Tri-Population size distributions for Dust evolution
Authors: Pfeil Thomas , Birnstiel Til , Klahr Hubert
Published: September 2024

Context. Dust coagulation and fragmentation impact the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks and set the initial conditions for planet formation. Dust grains dominate the opacities, they determine the cooling times of the gas via thermal accommodation in collisions, they influence the ionization state of the gas, and the available grain surface area is an important parameter for the chemistry in protoplanetary disks. Therefore, dust evolution is an effect that should not be ignored in numerical studies of protoplanetary disks. Available dust coagulation models are, however, too computationally expensive to be implemented in large-scale hydrodynamic simulations. This limits detailed numerical studies of protoplanetary disks, including these effects, mostly to one-dimensional models.

Aims. We aim to develop a simple – yet accurate – dust coagulation model that can be easily implemented in hydrodynamic simulations of protoplanetary disks. Our model shall not significantly increase the computational cost of simulations and provide information about the local grain size distribution.

Methods. The local dust size distributions are assumed to be truncated power laws. Such distributions can be fully characterized by only two dust fluids (large and small grains) and a maximum particle size, truncating the power law. We compare our model to state- of-the-art dust coagulation simulations and calibrate it to achieve a good fit with these sophisticated numerical methods.

Results. Running various parameter studies, we achieved a good fit between our simplified three-parameter model and DustPy, a state-of-the-art dust coagulation software.

Conclusions. We present TriPoD, a sub-grid dust coagulation model for the PLUTO code. With TriPoD, we can perform twodimensional, vertically integrated dust coagulation simulations on top of a hydrodynamic simulation. Studying the dust distributions in two-dimensional vortices and planet-disk systems is thus made possible.
New evidence supporting past dust ejections from active asteroid (4015) Wilson–Harrington
Authors: Jin Sunho , Ishiguro Masateru , Geem Jooyeon , Naito Hiroyuki , Takahashi Jun , Akitaya Hiroshi , Kuroda Daisuke , Urakawa Seitaro , Takagi Seiko , Oono Tatsuharu , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Perna Davide , Ieva Simone , Bach Yoonsoo P. , Imazawa Ryo , Kawabata Koji S. , Watanabe Makoto , Jo Hangbin
Published: September 2024

Context. (4015) Wilson-Harrington (hereafter, WH) was discovered as a comet in 1949 but has a dynamical property consistent with that of a near-Earth asteroid. Although there is a report that the 1949 activity is associated with an ion tail, the cause of the activity has not yet been identified.

Aims. This work aims to reveal the mysterious comet-like activity of the near-Earth asteroid.

Methods. We conducted new polarimetric observations of WH from May 2022 to January 2023, reanalyses of the photographic plate images taken at the time of its discovery in 1949, and dust tail simulation modelings, where the dust terminal velocity and ejection epoch are taken into account.

Results. We found that this object shows polarization characteristics similar to those of low-albedo asteroids. We derived the geometric albedo ranging from pV = 0.076 ± 0.010 to pV = 0.094 ± 0.018 from our polarimetry (the values vary depending on the data used for fitting and the slope-albedo relationship coefficients). In addition, the 1949 image showed an increase in brightness around the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that the color of the tail is consistent with sunlight, suggesting that the 1949 activity is associated with dust ejection. From the dust tail analysis, ~9 × 105 kg of material was ejected episodically at a low velocity equivalent to or even slower than the escape velocity.

Conclusions. We conclude that WH is most likely an active asteroid of main belt origin and that the activity in 1949 was likely triggered by mass shedding due to fast rotation.
Environmental effects as a key factor in shaping star-forming S0 galaxies
Authors: Chen Pei-Bin , Wang Jun-Feng , Chen Yan-Mei , Xu Xiaoyu , Cao Tian-Wen
Published: September 2024

Context. The origins of lenticular galaxies (S0s) can be classified into two main categories: “minor mergers” in low-density environments (LDEs) and “faded spirals” in high-density environments (HDEs). The transitional phase in the evolution of S0s, namely, star-forming lenticular galaxies (SFS0s), can serve as an important probe for analyzing the complex processes involved in the transformation between different galaxy types and the quenching of star formation (SF).

Aims. We attempt to find the impact of different environments on the global properties and spatially resolved quantities of SFS0s.

Methods. We selected 71 SFS0s from the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey, comprising 23 SFS0s in HDEs (SFS0s_HE) and 48 SFS0s in LDEs (SFS0s_LE). We examined the effects of the environment, by studying the global properties, concentration index, and radial profiles of the derived quantities.

Results. The varied environments of SFS0s do not lead to any significant difference in global properties (e.g., Sérsic index). By calculating CIHα/cont, we observe that different environments may cause varying concentrations of SF. Specifically, SFS0s_LE, affected by external gas mergers or inflow, exhibit a more centrally concentrated SF (i.e., larger CIHα/cont). This trend is further supported by CISFR, Hα, which only considers the gas disk of the galaxy. This observation is aligned with the observed shrinking of gas disks in galaxies affected by ram-pressure stripping in HDEs. Furthermore, their ΣSFR or resolved sSFR are comparable. On average, SFS0s_LE display significantly higher values for both quantities. Finally, the observed Dn4000 and gas-phase metallicity gradient correspond well to their assumed origins. However, we did not find a significantly lower gas-phase metallicity in SFS0s_LE.

Conclusions. We suggest that different environments (i.e., origins) do not have a significant impact on the global properties of SFS0s, but they do indeed affect the distribution of SF. Considering the size of our sample and the unique nature of the galaxy, additional atomic and molecular gas data may provide further details to improve our understanding of these systems.
Determining the association of hyperoxia while on extracorporeal life support with mortality in neonates following Norwood operation
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Aljiffry Alaa , Xiang Yijin , Evans Sean , Scheel Amy , Harriott Ashley , Patel Shayli , Amedi Alan , Harding Amanda , Davis Joel , Shashidharan Subhadra , Kwiatkowski David M.
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients requiring extracorporeal life support (ECLS) support post-Norwood operation constitute an extremely high-risk group. Materials and methods: We retrospectively aimed to evaluate the relationship of hyperoxia with mortality and other clinical outcomes in patients who required ECLS following Norwood operation between January/2010 and December/2020 in a large volume center. Results: During the study period 65 patients required ECLS post-Norwood. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, mean PaO2 of 182 mmHg in the first 48-hour on ECLS was determined to have the optimal discriminatory ability for mortality (sensitivity 68%, specificity 70%). Of the 65 patients, 52% had PaO2 > 182 mmHg and were designated as hyperoxia group. Patients in the hyperoxia-group had longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (187 vs. 165 min, p = 0.023), shorter duration from CICU arrival to ECLS-cannulation (13.28 vs. 132.58 h, p = 0.003), higher serum lactate within 2-hours from ECLS-canulation (14.55 vs. 5.80, p = 0.01), higher ECLS flows in the first 4-hours (152.68 vs. 124.14, p = 0.006), and higher mortality (77% vs. 39%, p = 0.005). In the unadjusted-analysis, using a derived cut-point, patients in the hyperoxia-group had 5.15 higher odds of mortality (p = 0.003). However, this association was insignificant when adjusting for confounding variables (p = 0.104). Using a functional status scale, new morbidity (38% vs. 21%), and unfavorable outcomes (13% vs. 5%) were higher in the hyperoxia group. Despite being higher in the hyperoxia group, this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Neonates with hyperoxia (PaO2 > 182 Torr) during the first 48-hour of ECLS post-Norwood operation had 5 times higher odds of mortality in the unadjusted analysis, however, this was insignificant when adjusting for confounding variables. Patients in the hyperoxia group had shorter duration from CICU arrival to ECLS-cannulation, higher serum lactate prior to ECLS-canulation, and higher ECLS flows in the first 4-hours, (p < 0.05). Multicenter evaluation of this modifiable risk factor is imperative to improve the care of this high-risk cohort.
Onkologische Langzeitergebnisse nach radikaler Prostatektomie in einer nicht-universitären Ausbildungsklinik
Authors: Drosos Konstantinos , Fischer Karsten , Hofmann Ines , Kälble Tilmann
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Die Auswertung der onkologischen Ergebnisse nach radikaler Prostatektomie (RP) ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Qualitätskontrolle in Prostatakrebszentren.

Fragestellung Die Evaluation der onkologischen Ergebnisse nach RP in einer nicht-universitären Ausbildungsklinik in Deutschland und Vergleich mit anderen High-Volume-Prostatakarzinomzentren.

Material und Methoden 1161 Patienten nach RP wurden eingeschlossen und in 2 Risikogruppen eingeteilt. Low-risk: organbegrenztes PCa (pT2) und prostataspezifisches Antigen (PSA)≤ 20ng/ml und Gleason-Score (GS) 6–7b und pN0. High-risk: lokal fortgeschrittenes PCa (≥pT3a) und/oder PSA > 20ng/ml und/oder GS≥ 8 und/oder pN1. Risikogruppen und klinikopathologische Merkmale wurden in Beziehung mit biochemischem rezidiv(BCR)-freiem Überleben, karzinomspezifischem Überleben (CSS) und Gesamtüberleben (OS) gebracht.

Ergebnisse 10-Jahres-BCR-freies Überleben, CSS, OS betrugen 68,4% und 47,0%, 100% und 87,4% und 89,0% und 73,9% in der Low- und High-Gruppe (p<0,05 zwischen Risikogruppen).

Bei multivariater Cox-Regressionsanalyse war GS der signifikanteste prognostische Faktor für CSS (p=0,00001) und BCR-freies Überleben (p=0,00036). pN1-Stadium war stark mit CSS assoziiert (p=0,00004). Alter war der wichtigste Faktor für OS in der High-Risk-Gruppe (p=0,0011).

Schlussfolgerung RPE könnte in ausgewählten Fällen eine kurative Therapieoption für das lokal fortgeschrittene PCa sein. GS ist der wichtigste prognostische Faktor. Gute onkologische Ergebnisse können auch in nicht-universitären Ausbildungskliniken erzielt werden.
Recent Developments on the HI Gas of Low-Redshift Galaxies Seen by the 21 cm Emission Lines
Authors: Wang 王 Jing 菁 , Lin 林 Xuchen 旭辰
Published: September 2024

As a major interstellar medium, the atomic neutral hydrogen (H i) plays an important role in the galaxy evolution. It provides the ingredient for star formation, and sensitively traces the internal processes and external perturbations influencing the galaxy. With the beginning of many new radio telescopes and surveys, H i may make a more significant contribution to the understanding of galaxies in the near future. This review discusses the major development of the 21 cm emission-line H i observations and studies in the past few years, including its scaling relations with other galaxy properties, its kinematics and structures, its role in environmental studies, and its constraints on hydrodynamical simulations. The local-Universe H i scaling relations of stellar-mass-selected samples extend smoothly to 109
M
⊙ stellar mass, with a tentative evolution to the redshift of ∼ 0.1. The development of measurement techniques enables better estimations of H i non-circular motion, dispersion, and thickness, and new observations revealed extended or extra-planar H i structures, both helpfully constraining the gas accretion, stellar feedback, and star formation processes of galaxy evolution models. H i is very useful for tracing the satellite evolution in dense environments, the studies of which would benefit from ongoing blind H i surveys. Though simulations still cannot fully reproduce H i gas properties, they help to understand the role of possible factors in regulating H i properties.
Plasmonic coupling effect of annealed gold nanoarrays
Authors: Singh Gaurav Pal , Fuhrmann Bodo , Syrowatka Frank , Schilling Joerg , Sardana Neha
Published: September 2024

Periodic metal nanodisc arrays have the potential to exhibit regularly spaced large local field enhancements, especially when high-Q collective plasmonic grating resonances can be obtained. Here we demonstrate how Laser interference lithography (LIL) as a maskless and high throughput technique can be used to fabricate these on square centimeter areas. The drawback of LIL is the rather fixed ratio of the size of the individual nanostructure (d) to the period of the array (p) of about d/p ∼ 0.5 for the setup used in the current article, thereby, limiting its ability to create resonances with ultra-high quality factors (Q-factors). To improve the Q-factor of the resonances of the arrays, we study the effect of thermal annealing nanodisk arrays fabricated by LIL and a lift off process. The nanodisk arrays with periods of 400 nm and 500 nm exhibited a plasmonic resonance, which was caused by the interaction of the single disk resonance and a (1 0) grating resonance. Annealing for a short duration lowered the d/p ratio from 0.5 to 0.4, and led to smoothening of the disk surfaces and growth of gold grains, resulting in lower ohmic and radiative losses and doubling of the Q-factor of the resonances. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were used to monitor this improvement in material parameters. Annealing for a longer duration disintegrated the nanodisk into several smaller particles while maintaining the overall periodicity of the array. While the plasmonic resonances of the experimentally investigated fragmented disks were basically destroyed, simulation predict that for larger periods fragmented nanodisk arrays (keeping the d/p ∼ 0.4) can exhibit extremely strong and sharp resonances whose Q-factor increases more than 58.4 times compared to the unfragmented discs. In addition, simulations show a massive enhancement of the local electric field promising immense potential for surface enhanced Raman sensing.
Piezoelectric supercapacitors: current trends and future outlook
Authors: Hota Archana , Patel Umakant , Kumar Abhishek , Mukherjee Somdutta , Roy Amritendu
Published: September 2024

The present review analyses the research and development of piezoelectric supercapacitor (PSC)-based self-charging storage devices (SCSDs) over the last few years, with a bird’s-eye view of the prevailing trends and the outlook for the future. Piezoelectric materials, known for their ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, have emerged as a key player in the development of next-generation supercapacitors with self-charging capability. The present review begins with elucidating the fundamental principles of piezoelectricity and piezoelectric generators vis-à-vis materials and properties as well as their integration into supercapacitor design. Advancements in fabrication techniques and the diversity of materials used have been discussed in detail with a focus on various characterization techniques. The review also addresses existing limitations, such as low energy transfer efficiency and material toxicity, as well as presenting strategies to overcome these hurdles and proposing avenues for future research and development.
Memristor-coupled cubic hyperchaotic system, feedback synchronization and its application in image encryption
Authors: Cai Xiumei , Yang Xuan , Wu Chengmao , Song Liping
Published: September 2024

Discrete memristive chaotic systems play a crucial role in information security, and chaotic synchronization form the bedrock of secure and confidential communication. To enhance the chaotic complexity of the Cubic map, we introduce a memristor-coupled Cubic hyperchaotic system by integrating a discrete absolute memristor model with the Cubic map. The dynamics are thoroughly investigated through attractor phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, SE complexity analysis, and diagrams illustrating the distribution of dynamic behaviors. Furthermore, we establish methods for chaos control and nonlinear feedback synchronization for the memristive Cubic map. Leveraging this feedback synchronization, we achieve encrypted transmission of digital images. Simulation results validate the feasibility and robust security of the proposed encrypted transmission scheme.