bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating urban development and densification to temporary changes in the air temperature in Warsaw (Poland)
Authors: Rozbicki Tomasz , Kleniewska Małgorzata , Rozbicka Katarzyna , Majewski Grzegorz , Gołaszewski Dariusz
Published: July 2020

The assessment of the influence of urbanisation effects on air temperature trends has been widely discussed in the literature. Urbanisation affects the urban active surface energy balance, resulting in the formation of urban heat island, also observed in the Warsaw conurbation. This article presents the diversity of long-term changes in air temperature at three Warsaw meteorological stations situated in the districts of Ursynów, Okęcie and Bielany, and demonstrates changes in thermal conditions during a long-term urbanisation process. Ursynów is the station where the changes of the surrounding area were most significant among the three analysed ones and the rise in the air temperature for this station was the greatest and it was observed from 7.5 °C in the years 1961–1970 to 8.5 °C in the years 2001–2010. The diversity of air temperature between the stations depends on their location. All of them are situated within the conurbation, at some distance from the city centre but the nature of their surroundings is different. The diversity applies to all annual characteristics of air temperature: its mean, mean maximum and mean minimum values.
Serum DBI and biomarkers of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and delirium
Authors: Conti Elisa , Andreoni Simona , Tomaselli Davide , Storti Benedetta , Brovelli Francesco , Acampora Roberto , Da Re Fulvio , Appollonio Ildebrando , Ferrarese Carlo , Tremolizzo Lucio
Published: July 2020

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients often express significant behavioral symptoms: for this reason, accessible related biomarkers could be very useful. Neuroinflammation is a key pathogenic process in both AD and delirium (DEL), a clinical condition with behavioral symptoms resembling those of AD.

Methods

A total of n = 30 AD patients were recruited together with n = 30 DEL patients and n = 15 healthy controls (CTRL). Serum diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA.

Results

DBI serum levels were increased in AD patients with respect to CTRL (+ 81%), while DEL values were 70% higher than AD. IL-17 was increased in DEL with respect to CTRL (+ 146%), while AD showed dispersed values and failed to reach significant differences. On the other hand, IL-6 showed a more robust increase in DEL with respect to the other two groups (+ 185% and + 205% vs. CTRL and AD, respectively), and TNF-α failed to show any change.

Conclusions

DBI may be a very promising candidate for AD, perhaps marking psychomotor DEL-like symptoms, in view of developing future helping tool for practicing physicians. Furthermore, DBI rise in DEL offers novel cues for a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of this potentially fatal condition.
Dual-wavelength fiber-optic technique to assist needle cricothyroidotomy
Authors: Lee Chien-Ching , Chuang Chia-Chun , Lai Bo-Cheng , Lu Chin-Li , So Edmund Cheung , Lin Bor-Shyh
Published: July 2020

The traditional needle cricothyroidotomy procedure is performed blindly without any medical equipment. Complications including posterior tracheal wall perforation, accidental vessel puncture, and missed tracheal puncture are reported. Therefore, we proposed a dual-wavelength fiber-optic technique based on the technique of near-infrared spectroscopy to assist operators performing needle cricothyroidotomy in a swine model. We embedded optical fibers in a 16-gauge intravenous needle catheter. Real-time data were displayed on an oscilloscope, and we used the program to analyze the data immediately. The change of optical density corresponding to 690-nm and 850-nm wavelengths and hemoglobin parameters (HbO2 and Hb concentrations) was analyzed immediately using the program in the laptop. Unique and significant optical differences were presented in this experiment. We could easily identify every different tissue by the change of optical density corresponding to 690-nm and 850-nm wavelengths and hemoglobin parameters (HbO2 and Hb concentrations). Statistical method (Kruskal-Wallis H test) was used to compare differences in tissues at each time-point, respectively. The p values in every tissue in optical density change corresponding to 690 nm and 850 nm were all < 0.001. Furthermore, the p values in every tissue in Hb and HbO2 were also all < 0.001. The results were statistically significant. This is the first and novel study to introduce a dual-wavelength embedded fibers into a standard cricothyroidotomy needle. This proposed system might be helpful to provide us real-time information of the advanced needle tip to decrease possible complications.
How to harness biosynthetic gene clusters of lasso peptides
Authors: Kodani Shinya , Unno Kohta
Published: July 2020

Lasso peptides produced by bacteria have a very unique cyclic structure (“lasso” structure) and are resistant to protease. To date, a number of lasso peptides have been isolated from proteobacteria and actinobacteria. Many lasso peptides exhibit various biological activities, such as antibacterial activity, and are expected to have various applications. Based on study of genome mining, large numbers of biosynthetic gene cluster of lasso peptides are revealed to distribute over genomes of proteobacteria and actinobacteria. However, the biosynthetic gene clusters are cryptic in most cases. Therefore, the combination of genome mining and heterologous production is efficient method for the production of lasso peptides. To utilize lasso peptide as fine chemical, there have been several attempts to add new function to lasso peptide by genetic engineering. Currently, a more efficient lasso peptide production system is being developed to harness cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters of lasso peptide. In this review, the overview of lasso peptide study is discussed.
A remark on the Laplacian flow and the modified Laplacian co-flow in $${\mathrm{G}}_2$$-geometry
Authors: Bedulli Lucio , Vezzoni Luigi
Published: July 2020

We give a shorter proof of the well-posedness of the Laplacian flow in $${\rm G}_2$$

G
2

-geometry. This is based on the observation that the DeTurck–Laplacian flow of $${\mathrm{G}}_2$$

G
2

-structures introduced by Bryant and Xu as a gauge fixing of the Laplacian flow can be regarded as a flow of (not necessarily closed) $${\mathrm{G}}_2$$

G
2

-structures, which fits in the general framework introduced by Hamilton in J Differ Geom 17(2):255–306, 1982. A similar application is given for the modified Laplacian co-flow.
Aesthetic Perspectives in Group Decision and Negotiation Practice
Authors: Fregonese Edoardo , Lami Isabella M. , Todella Elena
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the role of the aesthetics in Group Decision and Negotiation (GDN) practice, specifically how it affects the methods and the cognitive processes in the architectural field. We intend aesthetics as“scientia cognitionis sensitivæ”, a particular process and way of knowing and experiencing the problem through senses, imagination and empathy. We argue that (a) aesthetics and aesthetic features can (and do) convey knowledge about the problem; (b) we can distinguish between two kinds of aesthetics, one of the process and one of the product and (c) the aesthetics can contribute to create a “plural subject”. The issue is investigated through a decision problem about the transformation of an iconic building in the centre of Turin (Italy), in two ways: (1) by merging the Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) with architectural design and (2) by approaching the same issue with Storytelling, as a method for problem-based instruction. Considering the aesthetics as a specific form of language, the paper offers innovative considerations about the role of representation and visualisation tools and models—drawing, scheme, diagrams, but also video and text—as support for group decisions and negotiations, in the construction of knowledge within decisional processes.
Does the effect of studying abroad on labour income vary by graduates’ social origin? Evidence from Germany
Authors: Netz Nicolai , Grüttner Michael
Published: July 2020

Studying abroad can positively influence students’ personality development, transversal skills, and labour market outcomes. At the same time, students from a high social origin are more likely to study abroad than students from a low social origin. Against this background, recent research has suggested that international student mobility (ISM) may foster the reproduction of social inequality. However, this assumption has hardly been tested empirically. Drawing on social stratification theory, we first demonstrate that a scenario in which ISM increases social inequality (cumulative advantage) is as plausible as a scenario in which it decreases social inequality (compensatory levelling). We then address the sketched research gap by testing whether the effect of studying abroad on graduates’ labour income varies across social groups in the German labour market. Using data from the 2005 DZHW Graduate Panel, we perform a propensity score matching and calculate random effects growth curve models to examine the role of ISM for the development of social inequality during the first 10 years of graduates’ careers. In line with the scenario of cumulative advantage, our results suggest that graduates from a high social origin benefit more from ISM than graduates from a low social origin. Considering that students from a high social origin are also more likely to study abroad in the first place, we conclude that ISM tends to foster the reproduction of social inequality in the German labour market.
Phytoplankton in extreme environments: importance and consequences of habitat permanency
Authors: Padisák Judit , Naselli-Flores Luigi
Published: July 2020

There is hardly any sunshine exposed surface on this Earth, be it water or terrain, which would not support some biota. Still, many habitats offer harsh conditions requiring specialized physiological adaptations to survive. These environments are referred to as extremes; often inhabited by extremophilic organisms. In this review, characteristic species and assemblage properties of phytoplankton inhabiting extreme environments (especially lakes and pools where planktic life is potentially possible and independently of their origin) in terms of alkalinity, acidity, DOC, salinity, temperature, light and mixing regime will be outlined. Lakes characterized by more than a single extreme are common (e.g. saline + alkaline; acidic + high DOC + high metal content + low light). At the edge of extremes (e.g. pH of 1; salinity over ~ 100–150 g l−1) single species with appropriate physiological adaptation are selected and the phytoplankton is often dominated by a single species (monodominant) setting compositional diversity to zero. Under less extreme conditions permanent equilibria may persist; in many cases over several years in contrast to „average” lakes where equilibria are rare and ephemeral. Food webs depending on „extreme phytoplankton” are often atypical for example because the microbial loop is of prior importance or because birds are top predators.
Population genomic and genome-wide association analysis of lignin content in a global collection of 206 forage sorghum accessions
Authors: Niu Hao , Ping Junai , Wang Yubin , Lv Xin , Li Huiming , Zhang Fuyao , Chu Jianqiang , Han Yuanhuai
Published: July 2020

Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a wildly cultivated C4 cereal crop in many geographical regions and differs among germplasms in a number of important physiological traits. Lignin is a complex heteropolymer found in plant cell walls that adversely affects economic and environmental benefits of the crop. To understand the genetic basis, we re-sequenced the genomes of 206 sorghum accessions collected around the globe and identified 14,570,430 SNPs and 1,967,033 indels. Based on the SNP markers, we characterized the population structure and identified loci underlying lignin content by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Analysis of the genetic relationships among the accessions revealed a more diverse spread of sorghum accessions and breeding lines from Asia, America, and their genetically improved variety, but a limited genetic diversity in the European accessions. These findings add new perspectives to the historical processes of crop diffusion within and across agroclimatic zones of America, Asia, and Europe. GWAS revealed 9 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lignin content, harboring 184 genes. These genes were significantly enriched into 7 major gene ontology (GO) terms involved in plant-type cell wall organization or bioenergy. The alleles of 9 QTLs in the 206 accessions were geographically distributed. The findings provide us with an understanding of the origin and spread of haplotypes linked to lignin content. The findings will allow improvements to feed quality and adaptation to stresses in sorghum, through the rapid increase of genetic gains for lignin content.
Variations in attitudes towards stereotactic biopsy of adult diffuse midline glioma patients: a survey of members of the AANS/CNS Tumor Section
Authors: Lynes John , Acquaye Alvina A. , Sur Hannah , Nwankwo Anthony , Sanchez Victoria , Vera Elizabeth , Wu Tianxia , Theeler Brett , Armstrong Terri S. , Gilbert Mark R. , Nduom Edjah K.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Diffuse midline gliomas are rare midline CNS malignancies that primarily affect children but can also affect adults. While radiation is standard treatment, prognosis remains fatal. Furthermore, due to its sensitive anatomic location, many physicians have been reluctant to perform biopsies without potential for improved prognosis. However, recent advancements in molecular-targeted therapeutics have encouraged greater tissue sampling. While the literature reflects this progress, the landscape of how clinicians actually manage these patients remains unclear. Our goal was to assess the attitudes of current practicing neurosurgical oncologists towards management of adult diffuse midline gliomas, reasons behind their practices, and factors that might influence these practices.

Methods

We created and distributed a survey with 16 multiple choice and open-ended questions to members of the Tumor Section of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.

Results

A total of 81 physicians responded to the survey. Although time since training and volume of glioma patients did not significantly affect the decision to consider clinical trials or to offer biopsy, those that operated on fewer gliomas (< 25/year) were more likely to cite surgical morbidity as the primary reason not to biopsy these midline locations. Further, surgeons with access to more advanced molecular testing were significantly more likely to consider clinical trial eligibility when offering biopsies.

Conclusion

Factors that affect the management of diffuse midline gliomas and the role of biopsy are relatively uniform across the field, however, there were a few notable differences that reflect the changes within the neuro-oncology field in response to clinical trials.
Atmospheric impact of nitrous oxide uptake by boreal forest soils can be comparable to that of methane uptake
Authors: Siljanen Henri M.P. , Welti Nina , Voigt Carolina , Heiskanen Juha , Biasi Christina , Martikainen Pertti J.
Published: July 2020

Aims

Environmental factors controlling nitrous oxide (N2O) uptake in forest soils are poorly known, and the atmospheric impact of the forest N2O sink is not well constrained compared to that of methane (CH4).

Methods

We compared nitrous oxide (N2O) and CH4fluxes over two growing seasons in boreal forest soils located in Eastern Finland. Within a spruce forest, we compared plots with long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization history and non-fertilized plots, and additionally pine forest plots without a fertilization history. The flux data was complemented with measurements of climatic conditions and soil physical and chemical characteristics, in order to identify factors affecting N2O and CH4fluxes.

Results

Non-fertilized spruce forest soils showed the highest cumulative N2O uptake among the sites, whereas the pine forest site displayed low cumulative N2O emission. Nitrous oxide uptake was favored by high soil silt and water content. The low temperature seasons, spring and autumn, had the highest N2O uptake, likely associated with high soil water content typical for these seasons. In the spruce forest the N2O uptake was seasonally decoupled from the CH4uptake.

Conclusions

Applying the Global Warming Potential (GWP) approach, the cooling effect of N2O uptake in the spruce forest was on average 35% of that of CH4uptake showing that N2O uptake should be considered when evaluating the atmospheric impact of boreal forests.
Psychiatric Co-Morbidities in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Detailed Findings from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in the English Population
Authors: Qassem T. , Aly-ElGabry D. , Alzarouni A. , Abdel-Aziz K. , Arnone Danilo
Published: July 2020

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition which causes great sufferance to the individuals affected. The occurrence of comorbidities in PTSD is a frequent event with a negative impact on outcome. This study investigated the frequency of PTSD in relation to comorbidities by analyzing the results of the 2007 ‘Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey’ in the English population, which included data on comorbidities. A population study conducted in the United Kingdom, this survey investigated the frequency of PTSD in the community and the relationship to comorbidities by adopting a random design to minimize selection bias, stratified by region and socioeconomic characteristics, and weighted according to design and non-response. The survey interviewed 7403 adults living in private households. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychiatric morbidity were systematically assessed. Results indicated that PTSD prevalence was 2.9%, with an excess in women (3.3%) compared to men (2.4%) as reported by the 2007 survey. Comorbidity was a very frequent occurrence in PTSD reaching 78.5% in affected cases. Major depression was the commonest condition and its frequency increased with symptoms severity up to 54%. Among anxiety disorders, social phobia was the most frequent, followed by generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Substance use disorders were also common. The presence of psychotic symptoms was particularly significant with over 30% prevalence in PTSD. These results indicate that attention needs to be devoted to the presence of comorbidities. In view of the impact of comorbidities on PTSD severity, chronicity and functional impairment, early detection and treatment are likely to improve outcome.
The use of the geometric morphometric method to illustrate shape difference in the skulls of different-aged horses
Authors: Liuti Tiziana , Dixon Padraic M.
Published: July 2020

The geometric morphometrics method (GMM) is a technique to study scale and shape relationships of structures using Cartesian geometric coordinates rather than linear, areal (of area), or volumetric variables. GMM has been of great value in many biological studies, but does not appear to have been used to examine equine skulls.

In this exploratory study, twenty-nine normal equine heads of three different age groups: <5 years old (N = 9), 6–15 years old (N = 10) and > 16 years old (N = 10) were examined.

Computed tomography (CT) bone window DICOM images were reconstructed into isosurfaces (3-dimensional contoured surfaces), onto which landmarks were added using Stratovan Checkpoint® software. Data from 29 landmarks were analysed using MorphoJ analysis, which applies a Procrustes fit, prior to reducing data dimensionality through principal component (PC) analysis. PCs with and without allometry were considered. Allometric shape described by PC1 accounted for 27% of variance. Loading pertaining to: the pterygoid process, bilaterally; caudal aspect of hard palate; tip of nasal bone; ethmoid sinuses, bilaterally; caudal aspect of the ventral conchal bulla, bilaterally and caudal aspect of the vomer bone suggest that these anatomical structures are predictive of age group. When allometric effects (shape variation explained by size) were removed, PC1 was unable to distinguish horses by age group. Allometric shape differences could distinguish the youngest versus the two older age groups. The potential applications of GMM in equine diagnostic imaging are wide ranging and include the investigation of changes in the equine skull with respect to genetics and characterisation of conformation-related diseases affecting the teeth, jaws and sinonasal compartments.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Motivation to Use CPAP Scale (MUC-S) using factorial structure and Rasch analysis among patients with obstructive sleep apnea before CPAP treatment is initiated
Authors: Broström Anders , Ulander M. , Nilsen P. , Lin Chung-Ying , Pakpour A. H.
Published: July 2020

Background

Continuous positive airway treatment (CPAP) is first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but adherence tends to be low. A clinical tool focusing on motivation to use CPAP is missing. The purpose was to develop a brief questionnaire to assess motivation to use CPAP that is psychometrically robust and suitable for use in clinical practice.

Methods

A convenience sample including 193 treatment naive patients with OSA (67% men; mean age = 59.7 years, SD 11.5) from two CPAP clinics was used. Clinical assessments and full night polygraphy were performed. Questionnaires administered before CPAP treatment included the newly developed Motivation to Use CPAP Scale (MUC-S), Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Attitude towards CPAP treatment Inventory (ACTI). The validity and reliability of the MUC-S were investigated using Rasch and exploratory factor analysis models. Measurement invariance, dimensionality and differential item functioning (i.e., across gender groups, excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS), insomnia (MISS) and attitude towards CPAP (ACTI) groups) were assessed.

Results

The results supported a two-factor solution (autonomous motivation, 6 items, factor loadings between 0.61 and 0.85 and controlled motivation, 3 items, factor loadings between 0.79 and 0.88) explaining 60% of the total variance. The internal consistency was good with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88 and 0.86 for the two factors. No differential item functioning was found. A latent class analysis yielded three profiles of patients with high (n = 111), moderate (n = 60) and low (n = 22) motivation. Patients with high motivation were older, had higher daytime sleepiness scores, more insomnia symptoms and a more positive attitude towards CPAP.

Conclusions

The MUC-S seems to be a valid tool with robust psychometric properties suitable for use at CPAP clinics. Future studies should focus on how motivation changes over time and if MUC-S can predict objective long-term CPAP adherence.
Vom Reflex zur bewussten Entscheidung.
Authors: Born Marieke , Drews Antonia , Bossmann Ulrike , Zwack Julika , Schweitzer Jochen
Published: July 2020

Wie Führungskräfte mit alltäglichen Dilemmata umgehen, hat Auswirkungen auf die individuelle und organisationale Ressourcenbilanz. Der Artikel untersucht Umgangsstrategien von mittleren Führungskräften mit Zwickmühlen im Krankenhaus, wie sich diese durch ein Dilemma-Kompetenz-Training verändern und wie sich dies wiederum organisational auswirkt. DieN = 69 befragten Führungskräfte wendeten reflexhafte und reflexive Strategien zur Bewältigung von Dilemmata oder daraus resultierenden Belastungen an. Die Evaluation des Trainings zeigt, dass es einen reflexiven Umgang mit Dilemmata fördert. Organisational wirkte sich dies positiv z. B. auf das Arbeitsklima und die Entscheidungsfähigkeit aus.
Measuring decline in white matter integrity after systemic treatment for breast cancer: omitting skeletonization enhances sensitivity
Authors: Mzayek Yasmin , de Ruiter Michiel B. , Oldenburg Hester S. A. , Reneman Liesbeth , Schagen Sanne B.
Published: July 2020

Chemotherapy for non-central nervous system cancers is associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows for studying in vivo microstructural changes in brain white matter. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) is a widely used processing pipeline in which DTI data are typically normalized to a generic DTI template and then ‘skeletonized’ to compensate for misregistration effects. However, this approach greatly reduces the overall white matter volume that is subjected to statistical analysis, leading to information loss. Here, we present a re-analysis of longitudinal data previously analyzed with standard TBSS (Menning et al., BIB 2018, 324–334). For our current approach, we constructed a pipeline with an optimized registration method in Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) where DTI data are registered to a study-specific, high-resolution T1 template and the skeletonization step is omitted. In a head to head comparison, we show that with our novel approach breast cancer survivors who had received chemotherapy plus or minus endocrine therapy (BC + SYST, n = 26) showed a global decline in overall FA that was not present in breast cancer survivors who did not receive systemic therapy (BC-SYST, n = 23) or women without a cancer diagnosis (no cancer controls, NC, n = 30). With the standard TBSS approach we did not find any group differences. Moreover, voxel-based analysis for our novel pipeline showed a widespread decline in FA in the BC + SYST compared to the NC group. Interestingly, the BC-SYST group also showed a decline in FA compared to the NC group, although in much less voxels. These results were not found with the standard TBSS approach. We demonstrate that a modified processing pipeline makes DTI data more sensitive to detecting changes in white matter integrity in non-CNS cancer patients after treatment, particularly chemotherapy.
Differences in topological properties of functional brain networks between menstrually-related and non-menstrual migraine without aura
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Xu Tao , Wang Ziwen , Li Dehua , Du Jiarong , Wen Yi , Zhao Yu , Liao Huaqiang , Liang Fanrong , Zhao Ling
Published: July 2020

Menstrually-related migraine without aura refers to a specific type of migraine that is associated with the female ovarian cycle. Compared with non-menstrual migraine without aura, in menstrually-related migraine without aura, there are additional attacks of migraine outside of the menstrual period. Menstrually-related migraine without aura tends to be less responsive to acute treatment and more prone to relapse than non-menstrual migraine without aura. Currently menstrually-related migraine without aura is treated no differently from any other migraine but, the differences in the central mechanisms underlying menstrually-related migraine without aura and non-menstrual migraine without aura remain poorly understood. Here, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory approaches, we aimed to explore the differences in topological properties of functional networks in 51 menstrually-related migraine without aura patients and 47 non-menstrual migraine without aura patients. The major finding of our study was that significant differences in topological properties between the two groups were mainly evident in the nodal centrality of the inferior frontal gyrus and the thalamus. Nodal centrality in inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with Headache Impact Test questionnaire scores in the menstrually-related migraine without aura patients. Partial least squares correlation analysis revealed enhanced correlations of inferior frontal gyrus to pain-related behavior in the non-menstrual migraine without aura group, while within the menstrually-related migraine without aura group these effects were non-significant. These results indicate that the regulatory mechanisms in the central nervous system may differ between the two subtypes of migraine. The results provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of different subtypes of migraine, and could help us to enhance their clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Protecting Against Misinformation: Examining the Effect of Empirically Based Investigative Interviewing on Misinformation Reporting
Authors: Otgaar Henry , de Ruiter Corine , Sumampouw Nathanael , Erens Brenda , Muris Peter
Published: July 2020

Children who are involved in legal cases are often interviewed about events they witnessed or that might have happened to them. Occasionally, after such interviews, children are confronted with misinformation regarding their experiences. The question that arises is whether their earlier interviews may protect them from reporting misinformation. The goal of the present experiment was to assess whether empirically based interviewing by means of the National Institute for Child Health and Development (NICHD) Protocol would affect the reporting of misinformation in children. Children were involved in an interactive event (i.e., science demonstration). Following this, three experimental groups were created: one group was interviewed using the NICHD Protocol, one group had to freely recall what they experienced, and one group was not asked to retrieve any memories about the event. Next, all children received misinformation concerning the event and were then subjected to a final memory test. We found that children’s recall during the NICHD interview protected children against the incorporation of misinformation in their accounts of the event. This effect was absent in the other two conditions. The current experiment suggests that evidence-based investigative interviewing can inoculate children’s memory against the corrupting impact of misinformation.
On decoding additive generalized twisted Gabidulin codes
Authors: Kadir Wrya K. , Li Chunlei
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we consider an interpolation-based decoding algorithm for a large family of maximum rank distance codes, known as the additive generalized twisted Gabidulin codes, over the finite field $\mathbb {F}_{q^{n}}$

F

q

n

for any prime power q. This paper extends the work of the conference paper Li and Kadir (2019) presented at the International Workshop on Coding and Cryptography 2019, which decoded these codes over finite fields in characteristic two.
Dental microwear as a diet indicator in the seventeenth-century human population from Iasi City, Romania
Authors: Petraru Ozana-Maria , Groza Vasilica-Monica , Lobiuc Andrei , Bejenaru Luminita , Popovici Mariana
Published: July 2020

The dental microwear analysis (DMA) focuses on diet reconstructions, being able to provide proxy indicators of some events regarding technological shifts in food processing and social hierarchy and differences between individuals. Although DMA approaches diet characterization in ancient times, medieval samples have received limited attention, especially in Eastern Europe. The aim of this article is to explore, identify, and describe within-group patterns of dental microwear variation depending on sex and anatomic position (i.e., left/right, superior/inferior). The bioarchaeological material belongs to the Princely Court Necropolis of the seventeenth century discovered in Iasi (Romania)—the former capital city of Medieval Moldavia. We analyzed the micromorphological features on the occlusal surface of the second molar tooth through scanning electronic microscopy and imaging. Quantification of the microwear features (i.e., fine and coarse scratches, small and large pits) along with their bidimensional measurements (i.e., length and width) has been subjected to multivariate analysis. Our results show heterogeneous distribution of the microwear features within the analyzed second molars. Although the general microwear profile is dominated by fine and coarse scratches, large pits are also present. We can generally characterize the food as abrasive and relatively hard. In females, there are two microwear profiles highlighted based on the molar laterality, which suggests the use of the right side of the oral cavity to process harder foods. In males, the microwear profile is homogeneous and does not differ by laterality; it shows a great affinity with the pattern of the female right molars.
Finite-emittance Wigner crystals in the bubble regime
Authors: Reichwein Lars , Thomas Johannes , Pukhov Alexander
Published: July 2020

We study the influence of finite-emittance electron bunches in the bubble regime of laser-driven wakefield acceleration onto the microscopic structure of the bunch itself. Using resilient backpropagation (Rprop) to find the equilibrium structure, we observe that for realistic and already observed emittances the previously found crystalline structures remain intact and are only widened marginally. Higher emittances lead to larger electron displacements within the crystal and finally its breaking.
Evaluation of the Kinematic Performance of a 3-

R

RS Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Wang Manxin , Chen Qiusheng , Liu Haitao , Huang Tian , Feng Hutian , Tian Wenjie
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a set of novel indices for evaluating the kinematic performance of a 3-RRS (R and S denote revolute and spherical joint respectively, R denotes active joint.), parallel mechanism whose translational and rotational movements are strongly coupled. First, the indices are formulated using the decoupled overall Jacobian matrix, which is developed using coordinate transformation. Then, the influences of the homogeneous dimensionless parameters on these indices are investigated. In addition, the dimension synthesis of the 3-RRS parallel mechanism is carried out by minimizing the mean value of the kinematic performance indices and their standard deviation. The results demonstrate that the established approach facilitates good global kinematic performance of the parallel mechanism.
A Multi-Station Troposphere Modelling Method Based on Error Compensation Considering the Influence of Height Factor
Authors: Zhao Qing , Pan Shuguo , Gao Chengfa , Qiao Longlei , Gao Wang , Zhang Ruicheng , Liu Guoliang
Published: July 2020

One critical issue in network real-time kinematic (NRTK) is the interpolation of atmospheric delay for user stations. Some classic interpolation algorithms, such as linear interpolation method (LIM), ignore the strong correlation between tropospheric delay and height factors, and the interpolation accuracy is poor in areas with large height difference. To solve this problem, a troposphere modelling method based on error compensation, namely ECDIM (Error Compensation-Based DIM), is proposed, and this method can be applied to both conventional single Delaunay triangulated network (DTN) and multi-station scenarios. The results of California Real Time Network (CRTN) with large height difference show that compared with LIM, the overall modelling accuracy with ECDIM has been improved by 50.1% to 67.3%, and especially for low elevation satellites (e.g., 10–20 degree), the accuracy is increased from tens of centimetres to a few centimetres. At user end, the positioning error in up direction with LIM has an obvious systematic deviation, and the fix rate of epoch is relatively low. This situation has been improved significantly after using ECDIM. The results of Tianjin Continuously Operating Reference System (TJCORS) show that in areas with small height difference, both methods have achieved high precision interpolation accuracy, and the positioning accuracy with ECDIM in up direction is improved by 21.2% compared with LIM.
Extensive scar modification for the treatment of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Hendriks Astrid A. , Kis Zsuzsanna , Akca Ferdi , Yap Sing-Chien , Wijchers Sip A. , Bhagwandien Rohit E. , Szili-Torok Tamas
Published: July 2020

Background:

Catheter ablation is an important therapeutic option for atrial tachycardias in patients with CHD. As a result of extensive scarring and surgical repair, multiple intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia circuits develop and serve as a substrate for arrhythmias. The best ablation approach for patients with multiple intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias has not been investigated. Here, we compared substrate-based ablation using extensive scar modification to conventional ablation.

Methods:

The present study included patients with surgically corrected CHD that underwent intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia ablation. Extensive scar modification was defined as substrate ablation based on a dense voltage map, aimed to eliminate all potentials in the scar region. The control group had activation mapping-based ablation. A clinical composite endpoint was assessed. Points were given for type, number, and treatment of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia recurrence.

Results:

In 40 patients, 63 (extensive scar modification 13) procedures were performed. Acute procedural success was achieved in 78%. Procedural duration was similar in both groups. Forty-nine percent had a recurrence within 1 year. During a 5-year follow-up (2.5–7.5 years), 46% required repeat catheter ablation. Compared to baseline, clinical composite endpoint significantly decreased by 46% after 12 months (p = 0.001). Acute procedural success, procedural parameters, recurrence and repeat ablation were similar between extensive scar modification and activation mapping-based ablation.

Conclusion:

Catheter ablation using extensive scar modification for intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias occurring after surgically corrected CHD illustrated similar short- and long-term outcomes and procedural efficiency compared to catheter ablation using activation mapping-based ablation. The choice of ablation approach for multiple intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia should remain at the discretion of the operator.
Dietary flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods: validity and reproducibility of FFQ-derived intake estimates
Authors: Yue Yiyang , Petimar Joshua , Willett Walter C , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Yuan Changzheng , Rossato Sinara L , Sampson Laura , Rosner Bernard , Cassidy Aedin , Rimm Eric B , Ivey Kerry L
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 152-item semi-quantitative FFQ (SFFQ) for estimating flavonoid intakes.

Design:

Over a 1-year period, participants completed two SFFQ and two weighed 7-d dietary records (7DDR). Flavonoid intakes from the SFFQ were estimated separately using Harvard (SFFQHarvard) and Phenol-Explorer (SFFQPE) food composition databases. 7DDR flavonoid intakes were derived using the Phenol-Explorer database (7DDRPE). Validity was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients deattenuated for random measurement error (rs), and reproducibility was assessed using rank intraclass correlation coefficients.

Setting:

This validation study included primarily participants from two large observational cohort studies.

Participants:

Six hundred forty-one men and 724 women.

Results:

When compared with two 7DDRPE, the validity of total flavonoid intake assessed by SFFQPE was high for both men and women (rs = 0·77 and rs = 0·74, respectively). The rs for flavonoid subclasses ranged from 0·47 for flavones to 0·78 for anthocyanins in men and from 0·46 for flavonols to 0·77 for anthocyanins in women. We observed similarly moderate (0·4–0·7) to high (≥0·7) validity when using SFFQHarvard estimates, except for flavonesHarvard (rs = 0·25 for men and rs = 0·19 for women). The SFFQ demonstrated high reproducibility for total flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intake estimates when using either food composition database. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0·69 (flavonolsPE) to 0·80 (proanthocyanidinsPE) in men and from 0·67 (flavonolsPE) to 0·77 (flavan-3-ol monomersHarvard) in women.

Conclusions:

SFFQ-derived intakes of total flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses (except for flavones) are valid and reproducible for both men and women.
Historicizing the Dual Categorization of the General Principles of Law by the ILC
Authors: EQBAL Md Tabish
Published: July 2020

“Draft conclusion 3” of the first ILC report on the “general principles of law” expounds on two categories: general principles of law derived from national jurisdictions and those formed within the international legal system. This paper explores the drafting history of Article 38(1)(c) of the ICJ's Statute to investigate whether the Advisory Committee of Jurists, entrusted to frame a statute for the international court, had conceived the idea that, apart from domestic legal systems, the international legal framework could form general principles of law, or whether they were reluctant to endorse such an open-ended formulation which would give more liberty to judges to apply these principles as per their whims and fancies. The paper argues that the dual categorization of the general principles of law by the ILC has no substantive roots in the preparatory history of the ICJ's Statute and therefore it is purely an innovation by the ILC.
Predicting Stock Market Performance
Authors: Plieger Thomas , Grünhage Thomas , Duke Éilish , Reuter Martin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Gender and personality traits influence risk proneness in the context of financial decisions. However, most studies on this topic have relied on either self-report data or on artificial measures of financial risk-taking behavior. Our study aimed to identify relevant trading behaviors and personal characteristics related to trading success. N = 108 Caucasians took part in a three-week stock market simulation paradigm, in which they traded shares of eight fictional companies that differed in issue price, volatility, and outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring personality, risk-taking behavior, and life stress. Our model showed that being male and scoring high on self-directedness led to more risky financial behavior, which in turn positively predicted success in the stock market simulation. The total model explained 39% of the variance in trading success, indicating a role for other factors in influencing trading behavior. Future studies should try to enrich our model to get a more accurate impression of the associations between individual characteristics and financially successful behavior in context of stock trading.
Passive Acoustic Measurement of Bedload Transport: Toward a Global Calibration Curve?
Authors: Geay T. , Zanker S. , Misset C. , Recking A.
Published: July 2020

Bedload transport is recognized as a key process in the development of river channel forms; however, most rivers suffer from an absence of data. Performing bedload measurements to document bedload transport rates is a challenge, as the deployment of traditional bedload samplers is time consuming and risky in floods. Consequently, bedload measurements are rarely executed. Alternative techniques are being developed to complement the use of traditional bedload measurements and to provide continuous monitoring. Passive acoustic measurements are made with hydrophones, measuring the underwater sounds naturally generated by bedload impacts in rivers. This paper proposes an innovative deployment of hydrophones to record bedload sounds at the scale of a cross section. The measured acoustic signals are interpreted with bedload samplings and with hydraulic and river bed parameters. Field experiments were done in 14 different sites, exploring a diversity of rivers. Bedload flux was observed to be the most consistent variable explaining the monitored acoustic power. Based on 25 experiments on 14 rivers, the cross‐section‐averaged acoustic power was related to the specific bedload flux and showed a good agreement (60% of bedload flux estimated within a factor of 2). The robustness of the obtained calibration curve remains to be tested. However, the potential of passive acoustic profiles to provide a continuous measurement of bedload sounds that could be used in the development of bedload gauging stations is shown.
The Global Geomagnetic Field of the Past Hundred Thousand Years
Authors: Panovska Sanja , Korte Monika , Constable Catherine
Published: July 2020

Global data compilations and the production of time-varying paleomagnetic field models over the past hundred thousand years provide insights into geomagnetic field evolution.
Discovery of Active Hydrothermal Vent Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge, 8–12°S
Authors: Kim Jonguk , Son Seung‐Kyu , Kim Dongsung , Pak Sang‐Joon , Yu Ok Hwan , Walker Sharon L. , Oh Jihye , Choi Sun Ki , Ra Kongtae , Ko Youngtak , Kim Kyeong‐Hong , Lee Jun‐Ho , Son Juwon
Published: July 2020

Four new hydrothermal vent fields were discovered on the slow spreading Central Indian Ridge (8–12°S; Segments 1–3), all located off‐axis on abyssal hill structures or Ocean Core Complexes (OCCs). Each site was characterized using seafloor observation (towed camera system), plume chemistry (Fe, Mn, and CH4; Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth sensor [CTD]/Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder [MAPR]), and rock sampling (TVgrab/dredges). Different styles of venting on each segment reflect different geological settings, rock types, likely heat sources, and fluid pathways. The segment 1 field was located on the western flank of the axial valley at the base of OCC‐1‐1. High‐temperature venting was inferred from plume characteristics and extensive seafloor sulfide mineralization, but only diffuse venting was observed. This site appears to be a magmatic‐influenced basaltic‐hosted system despite its off‐axis location. Two low‐temperature diffusely venting sites were located on abyssal hills 6 and 9 km off‐axis on Segment 2. Plume particle, metal, and CH4concentrations were all very low, suggesting dilution of hydrothermal fluids by intrusion of seawater into the highly permeable flank area fault zone. The “Onnuri Vent Field” (OVF), located at the summit of OCC‐3‐2, vented clear, low‐temperature fluids supporting abundant vent organisms (21 macrofaunal taxa). The plume particle signal was low to absent, but strong ORP anomalies correlated with high CH4and low metal concentrations. Sulfide mineralization was present, which suggests both serpentinization and magmatic/lithospheric influence on fluid composition. The detachment fault is the likely pathway for hydrothermal fluid circulation at this off‐axis location. These new vent field discoveries, especially the OVF, contribute valuable information toward understanding Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems and their ecology/biogeography.
Source Process for Two Enigmatic Repeating Vertical‐T CLVD Tsunami Earthquakes in the Kermadec Ridge
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Power William , Burbidge David
Published: July 2020

Two repeating compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) earthquakes occurred in 2009 and 2017 on the Kermadec Ridge near the Curtis submarine volcano. The tsunami and seismic waveforms of both events are almost identical. Simulated tsunami and seismic waveforms are compared with observations of the 2017 event to estimate the location and geometry of the source. A CLVD source model at 8–14 km depth is consistent with the global CMT solution but generates no tsunami. The tsunami waveforms can be well reproduced if the source model is about 1.5 km deep. However, a seismic source at this depth is not consistent with the observed seismic waves. This suggests that two sources were involved with different depths. The main, shallow, tsunami source could be due to hydrofracturing of heated water in a shallow sediment layer triggered by a deeper earthquake.