bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Practice Between Working Standard and Personal Working Standard of Teachers Who Are Certified by Attending Professional Teacher Knowledge Standard Workshop
Authors: Phusee-orn Songsak
Published: August 2021

The purposes of this research are to compare the practice between working standard and personal working standard of teachers who are certified by attending professional teacher knowledge standard workshop held by the teachers’ council who are different in gender, age, ways of knowledge certified and teaching according to/not according to educational certificate background. The samples are 246 research participants certified by attending professional teacher knowledge standard workshop of the teacher’s council: Developmental division of the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University. Sampling operated by using Multi-Stage Random Sampling. Teachers’ data collection are self-evaluation and with school directors also as informers. Research instrument are piloted quality inspected questionnaire indicated by Item Total Correlation and Reliability of Cronbach. Data are analyzed by using X, s.d., t-test: independent samples, One way ANOVA, and multiple comparison of Scheffe. The research found that:

1) Overall, the female teachers who have been certified by attending professional teacher knowledge standard workshop of the teacher’s council follow teaching standard in the academic activities facets on professional teacher’s development and self-practice standard and ethic is higher than male teachers with statistically significant at the .05 level.

2) Teachers who with age differences follow the standard of being a good role model for the students. They work cooperatively with others in the community creatively. Personal practice standard about ethic to society is different with statistically significant at the .05 level.

3) Teachers who have been certified by attending professional teacher knowledge standard workshop of the teacher’s council foster on teacher professional development and immensely develop the students to their full potential more than transferring method with statistically significant at the .05 level.

4) Teachers who teach according to educational certificate background practice according to the standard professional teacher on designing learning activities with the students in mind. They thrive so as to make every opportunity to be for learning. They also have higher ethic than teachers who are not teaching according to their educational certificate background with statistically significant at the .05 level.
Determinants of Enterprise Performance in Uganda’s Tourism Sector: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Mutenyo John , Banga Margaret , Bbale Mayanja John , Nakimu Rose , Nsibirano Ruth , Massa Dorothy , Kalyowa Lawrence
Published: August 2021

The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector of Uganda and firm characteristics and business environment. Data were gathered after administering questionnaires to 1690 SMEs located around tourist attractions throughout the country in 2018. The study uses quantile regression to analyze the determinants of firm performance. The findings indicate that entrepreneur/managers education, business experience, initial capital, business registration and age of the owner are important in explaining enterprise performance. We also find that male managed enterprises outperform those managed by female. The study suggests that providing easy access to credit for initial capital and easing the business registration process and training entrepreneurs/managers will increase performance of SMEs in the tourism industry.
Modelagem e simulação de relações entre tarefas computacionais em ambiente de nuvem
Authors: Baldissera Luís Vinícius , Manacero Jr. Aleardo , Lobato Renata Spolon , Spolon Roberta
Published: August 2021

A computação em nuvem permite cargas computacionais contendo tarefas dependentes entre si, numa estrutura de workflow. Essas relações de dependência demandam características específicas em algoritmos para gerenciamento de recursos, cuja eficiência pode ser avaliada por simulação. No entanto os simuladores que são normalmente utilizados para testar tais métodos, ou não dão suporte à modelagem de workflow ou exigem do usuário conhecimento de alguma linguagem de programação. Assim, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem gráfica, robusta e simples, para modelagem de interdependências entre as tarefas.
A Fault Tolerant Scheduling Model for Directed Acyclic Graphs in Cloud
Authors: Rosso Pedro Henrique Di Francia , Francesquini Emilio
Published: August 2021

Many High Performance Computing (HPC) and resource intensive applications have been tested and migrated to the Cloud. These applications may have high data input size, which often has a high correlation to execution performance and time. Migration to the Cloud demands adaptation of the fault tolerance (FT) and scheduling approaches. Although those topics are well connected, they are often treated separately. This work proposes a novel integrated scheduling and FT model which takes into account the characteristics of the tasks and the target execution nodes. Preliminary results indicate good potential to improve system reliability and execution makespan of scientific workflows.
Scalable Data Analysis for Public Bus Systems
Authors: Morais Mayuri A. , de Camargo Raphael Y.
Published: August 2021

Urban mobility through quality public transportation is one of the major challenges for the consolidation of smart cities. Researchers developed different approaches for improving bus system reliability and information quality, including travel time prediction algorithms, network state evaluations, and bus bunching prevention strategies. The information provided by these approaches are complementary and could be aggregated for better predictions. In this work, we propose the architecture and a present a prototype implementation of a framework that enables the integration of several approaches, which we call models, into scalable and efficient composite models.
Brazilian futebol: An Agent of Nation-Building in Danger of Losing its Drive
Authors: Rachum Ilan
Published: August 2021

Nation-building, a process allowing the moral integration of humans in a certain polity though they might belong to different social strata, hardly made progress in 19th century Brazil, where illiteracy was widespread and where a huge gap separated the wealthy elite from all of the rest - blacks, poor people of mixed ethnicities and first generation recent immigrants. By supplying a dynamic arena where all of the above could compete on equal terms football introduced a valuable instrument of nation-building, and the great successes in international competitions added to its capacity. Right now, however, Brazil is facing huge problems in its urban centers, such as proliferation in the use of drugs and loss of control over city life to organized crime. Together with this its political elite and elected office holders have been tainted with corruption, and the current president, representing the rich and the far right, is devoid of commitments to the vast majority of poor Brazilians. It is difficult to see how football can be of help in the complexities of the present.
Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Sampath Bhuvaneshwari , Kathirvelu Priyadarshan , Sankaranarayanan Kavitha
Published: August 2021

The role of immune system in our body is to defense against the foreign bodies. However, if the immune system fails to recognize self and non-self-cells in our body leads to autoimmune diseases. Widespread autoimmune diseases are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and more yet to be added to the list. This chapter discusses about how stem cell-based therapies and advancement of regenerative medicine endow with novel treatment for autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, in detail, specific types of stem cells and their therapeutic approach for each autoimmune condition along with their efficiency to obtain desired results are discussed. Ultimately, this chapter describes the recent trends in treating autoimmune diseases effectively using advanced stem cell research.
Managing Inter-Organizational Knowledge Sharing: Integrating Macro, Meso and Micro Level Analysis
Authors: Guedda Chiraz
Published: August 2021

Numerous studies focus on the increasing role that cooperation plays on knowledge creation and the importance of knowledge diversity. However, in dealing with different background, culture, process, and knowledge throughout collaborative project, organizations must improve their practices to access, share and create knowledge. This paper aims at highlighting the complexity of interfirm collaborative projects while analyzing how different factors bolster knowledge sharing between partners depend on project phases. This work supports literature on interactionist approaches and project management to analyze these concepts of collaboration and knowledge sharing. Based on case study of an aerospace cluster, the findings highlight the factors that may enhances the effectiveness of knowledge sharing depend on project phases. We conclude by identifying further conceptual research and implication for research and practice.
The Salivary Secretome
Authors: Perpétuo Luís , Ferreira Rita , Guedes Sofia , Amado Francisco , Vitorino Rui
Published: August 2021

Recently, proteomics has emerged as an important tool for understanding biological systems, protein–protein interactions, and networks that ultimately lead to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of certain diseases. More recently, the study of secretomes, a type of proteomics, has also been highlighted as a potential next step in the field of diagnosis/prognosis. The secretome is the set of proteins expressed by an organism and secreted into the extracellular space, comprising 13–20% of all proteins. Since almost all, if not all, organs produce secretomes, this means that it is possible to study secretomes and trace these proteins back to their origin, supporting the idea that this could indeed be very important in diagnosing certain diseases. This is often combined with techniques such as mass spectrometry to measure the secretome of, for example, a particular tissue, and bioinformatics tools and databases to give us an idea of what to expect (prediction). In this paper, we will give a general overview of this world, but with a focus on the new bioinformatics tools and databases, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as a deeper look at isolation systems for proteomes, specifically salivary secretomes. Indeed, the salivary secretome represents a valuable new tool capable of providing insights into immunopathology and potentially aiding in diagnostics. Furthermore, we will explore applications of these methods and give an idea of what the future holds for such promising techniques: Salivary secretome in conjunction with bioinformatics tools/databases in the diagnosis of diseases (such as diabetes, Sjogren’s syndrome, and cardiovascular disease).
Potential of Cyanobacteria in Wound Healing
Authors: Parwani Laxmi , Shrivastava Mansi , Singh Jaspreet
Published: August 2021

The wound care market is rapidly expanding due to the development of innumerable dressings that exhibit specific healing requirements for different wound types. The use of biomaterials as suitable wound dressing material is highly advantageous due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Cyanobacteria have been widely explored for their potential applications in wound healing, as they are the rich source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. In recent years this group of organisms has been widely studied due to their immense potential in biomedical applications. Although their different bioactivities can support wound healing in different ways, very few forms have proven utility as a wound-healing agent. This chapter gives an insight into the potential of cyanobacteria in wound healing. Different bioactive compounds present in variable forms of cyanobacteria and their associated activities were reported to support tissue regeneration and wound healing acceleration. As the demand for cost-effective, bioactive wound care products is ever increasing, these organisms have immense potential to be utilized for the development of bioactive wound dressings. Hence, various bioactive compounds of cyanobacteria, their associated activities, and roles in wound healing have been briefly reviewed in this chapter.
Quantum Information Science in High Energy Physics
Authors: Keith Baker Oliver
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate that several anomalies seen in data from high energy physics experiments have their origin in quantum entanglement, and quantum information science more generally. A few examples are provided that help clarify this proposition. Our research clearly shows that there is a thermal behavior in particle kinematics from high energy collisions at both collider and fixed target experiments that can be attributed to quantum entanglement and entanglement entropy. And in those cases where no quantum entanglement is expected, the thermal component in the kinematics is absent, in agreement with our hypothesis. We show evidence that these phenomena are interaction independent, but process dependent, using results from proton-proton scattering at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and antineutrino-nucleus scattering at Fermilab. That is, this thermal behavior due to quantum entanglement is shown to exist in both the strong and electroweak interactions. However, the process itself must include quantum entanglement in the corresponding wave functions of interacting systems in order for there to be thermalization.
Metabolic Features of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Tumors
Authors: Masgras Ionica , Rasola Andrea
Published: August 2021

Rewiring cellular metabolism is a key hallmark of cancer. Multiple evidences show that alterations in various metabolic circuits directly contribute to the tumorigenic process at different levels (e.g. cancer initiation, metastasis, resistance). However, the characterization of the metabolic profile of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-related neoplastic cells has been only partially elucidated both in benign neurofibromas and in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Here, we illustrate the state of the art on the knowledge of the metabolic features of tumors related to NF1 and discuss their potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic perspectives.
Glaucoma and Dry Eye
Authors: Aguirre Baez Mauricio , Castillo Iturria Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

Glaucoma treatment is closely related to the appearance or worsening of dry eye symptoms. The current topical treatment produces chronic inflammation that affects globet cells, meibomian glands and cornea, which translates into a decrease in the quantity and quality of the tear. It is characterized by increased osmolarity, which perpetuates damage to the ocular surface. Preservatives currently play a fundamental role in damage the ocular surface. There are numerous studies that have shown their toxic effects on the eye. Currently there are numerous preservative-free formulations and new therapies that allow us to improve the condition of the ocular surface in patients with glaucoma. A rational treatment is proposed using the different approaches available in the literature.
In-Liquid Plasma: A Novel Tool for Nanofabrication
Authors: Jyoti Boruah Palash , Kalita Parismita , Bailung Heremba
Published: August 2021

This chapter focuses on synthesising nanomaterials using an emerging technology called In-Liquid Plasma, i.e., plasma generation inside a liquid. The generation of various reactive species and energetic electrons in the plasma zone plays a crucial role in synthesising nanomaterials. They act as the reducing agent. Non-requirement of the toxic chemical reducing agents make In-Liquid Plasma an environmentally friendly green approach to fabricate nanomaterials. This method enables the simultaneous synthesis of nanoparticles from the electrode material and liquid precursor, which gains much importance on the single-step synthesis of nanocomposites. Moreover, it gives flexibility in controlling both the physical and chemical parameters, which provide fine-tuning required for the size, shape and composition of nanomaterials.
Nerve Transfers for Restoring Elbow Flexion in Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Stamate Teodor , Cristian Moraru Dan
Published: August 2021

Nerve transfers (NT) consist in sectioning a donor nerve and connecting it to the distal stump of a recipient unrepairable nerve. For elbow flexion restoration in brachial plexus palsy (BPP) we used different NT: 1) GF motor Ulnar Nerve to Biceps nerve (Oberlin technique), 2) Double fascicular median/ulnar to biceps/brachialis nerve transfer (Mackinnon), 3) InterCostal Nerves (ICN) to MCN (+/− nerve graft), 4) Medial Pectoral Nerve (MPN) to MCN, 5) ThoracoDorsal Nerve (TDN) to MCN, 6) Spinal Accessory Nerve (SAN) to MCN transfer, 7) Phrenic Nerve (PhN) to MCN, 8) Cervical Plexus C3-C4 to MCN and 9) Contralateral C7 (CC7). I want to present my personal experience using the phrenic nerve (PhN), the intercostal nerves (ICN) and Oberlin’s technique. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of this procedure in BPP. NT is an important goal in BPP. ICN transfer into the nerve of biceps for elbow flexion recovery is a reliable procedure in BPP. ICN transfer for triceps offers a positive alternative (Carroll transposition). Oberlin technique is simple and offers better results in a shorter amount of time and is an effective and safe option.
Microbial Inoculation to High Moisture Plant By-Product Silage: A Review
Authors: D. Nkosi Bhutikini , N. Ncobela Cyprial , S. Thomas Ronald , M.M. Malebana Ingrid , Muller Francuois , Álvarez Sergio , Meeske Robin
Published: August 2021

Use of microbial inoculants during silage making have drawn interest to silage producers including those who are feeding their livestock on silage produced from by-products (e.g. pulps). Many farmers in the developing countries rely on agro-industrial by-products to feed their livestock, which is limited by the high moisture content of the by-products. This review pertains to issues related to silage production from high moisture plant by-products (e.g. pulps or pomaces), challenges involved in the ensiling of these resources, the use of additives (e.g. microbial additives), and growth performance of the animals that are fed silage from these resources. This information will be helpful to better understand the key roles of silage production from these resources.
Mineral-Bonded Wood Composites: An Alternative Building Materials
Authors: Turgut Sahin Halil , Simsek Yasemin
Published: August 2021

The manufacturing of cost-efficient construction materials is at the center of attention these days. The development of engineeringly design products has occurred mostly over the past few decades. However, the term of mineral bonded wood composite is relatively new, covers many of the products, and is used to describe a material that is produced by bonding woody material with mineral-based substrates. At present, millions of tons of bio-based composite materials are now manufactured annually from many wood species. Woods are sustainable and engineeringly have enough performance properties in composite matrix systems for many end-use areas. Thus, their utilization processes and intended uses vary accordingly. But at manufacturing, many variables affect binder hydration in composite structure and the networking/bonding between wood and binder. The mineral bonded wood products are high in density and the appropriate strength in the construction industry, an important advantage to engineering applications appears to lie in their ability to absorb and dissipate mechanical energy. Despite their higher weight-to-strength ratio, especially cement and gypsum bonded wood composites have become popular, for use in many internal and external applications to meet increasingly stringent building design regulations for insulation, and failure in service due to deterioration.
Oral Cancer: Epidemiology, Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment
Authors: Khani Jeihooni Ali , Jafari Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

One of the most common types of cancer is head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the most common cancer in developing countries. Oral cancer, which is a subset of head and neck cancers, refers to any cancerous growth in the oral cavity. Risk factors for oral cancer include age, malnutrition, genetic factors, family history, X-rays, papilloma virus, alcohol, smoking, tobacco, which three last are the strongest risk factors. The destructive link between tobacco products and human cancers stems from a powerful combination of two factors - nicotine and carcinogens. The highest incidence of tobacco related oral cancer is seen in low and middle income countries. The chance of curing oral cancers increases if they are diagnosed and treated early. At least three-quarters of all oral cancers can be prevented by quitting smoking and drinking alcohol. Screening programs can be valuable in patients from high-risk groups (smokers and alcoholics) or in patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer outside the head and neck.
Forensic Osteology and Identification
Authors: Garg Anil , Goyal Nisha
Published: August 2021

Every human corpse is unique. There are different religions in different parts of the world which adopt a variety of ways to dispose of corpses. Dead bodies can be found unattended, dug up, mutilated by the perpetrators of crimes, and eaten by wild animals in lonely unattended places. In these situations, forensic anthropologists or anatomists are consulted by the state authorities to help them to provide justice to the deceased person. The first and foremost scientific information desired by authorities is identification of the corpse, cause of death of the human body and weapon used, if applicable. Identification can be done by studying the bones of the human corpse during autopsy examination and if unknown skeletal remains are all that is available, examination of each bone is required. Forensic anthropologists or pathologists are asked to identify race, sex and age as important parameters of the identification. In this chapter, we will enumerate various parameters for identification. We will discuss race, age and sex from various bones as part of forensic oesteology.
Vitamin E and Derivatives in Skin Health Promotion
Authors: Scherer Santos Júlia , Diniz Tavares Guilherme , Nogueira Barradas Thaís
Published: August 2021

Vitamin E is fundamental for a proper function of human cells. Mostly obtained from vegetable oils, it has antioxidant and non-antioxidant actions. At times, its oral intake or skin application are employed. Oral intake is recommended in some cases. Differently, the topical application is a part of daily skin routine. Both in oral or in topical formulations, it is employed in its isoforms or derivatives. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are isoforms while derivatives are synthetic forms. In pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, vitamin E and its derivatives are widely used due to its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. However, the clinical success treatment is often impaired by its low skin penetration, high lipophilicity, and chemical instability. A rational formulation design in the development of novel vitamin E dosage forms is required. In this chapter, the most successful and innovative approaches towards Vitamin E and its derivatives loaded in formulations for skin health promotion are reviewed. Conventional and nanoparticle-based formulations enable vitamin E chemical stabilization, and they are suitable vehicles for its release on the skin. Further, nano-sized carriers can increase vitamin E content in formulations as well as favor its skin penetration.
Epigenetics in Male Infertility
Authors: H. Hassani Hayfa , M. Kh AL-Jumaily Rakad , M. Lafta Fadhel
Published: August 2021

Male infertility is a complex medical condition, in which epigenetic factors play an important role. Epigenetics has recently gained significant scientific attention since it has added a new dimension to genomic and proteomic research. As a mechanism for maintaining genomic integrity and controlling gene expression, epigenetic modifications hold a great promise in capturing the subtle, yet very important, regulatory elements that might drive normal and abnormal sperm functions. The sperm’s epigenome is known to be marked by constant changing over spermatogenesis, which is highly susceptible to be influenced by a wide spectrum of environmental stimuli. Recently, epigenetic aberrations have been recognized as one of the causes of idiopathic male infertility. Recent advances in technology have enabled humans to study epigenetics role in male infertility.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Bacterial Translocation and Inflammation: Deathly Triad in Sepsis
Authors: Imge Ucar Bercis , Ucar Gulberk
Published: August 2021

Sepsis, as a complex entity, comprises multiple pathophysiological mechanisms which bring about high morbidity and mortality. The previous studies showed that the gastrointestinal tract is damaged during sepsis, and its main symptoms include increased permeability, bacterial translocation (BT), and malabsorption. BT is the invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria via the gut mucosa to other tissues. It occurs in pathological conditions such as disruption of the intestine’s ecological balance and mucosal barrier permeability, immunosuppression, and oxidative stress through transcellular/paracellular pathways and initiate an excessive systemic inflammatory response. Thereby, recent clinical and preclinical studies focus on the association between sepsis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. This chapter overviews the current knowledge about the molecular basis of BT of the intestine, its role in the progress of sepsis, detection of BT, and actual therapeutic approaches.
Radiotherapy in Oral Cancers: Current Perspective and Future Directions
Authors: Kirthi Koushik A.S. , Charith Alva Ram
Published: August 2021

Oral cancers form one of the most common malignancies seen worldwide, with a steady increase in number over time. Surgery with the addition of adjuvant therapy forms the cornerstone of therapeutic management for these cancers. Despite excellent surgical management, loco-regional recurrences have always been of concern. This has expanded the role of radiotherapy, with concomitant therapies, allowing to establish an effective management protocol. Over the last two decades, there have been huge strides taken towards understanding these specific aspects and providing insight into the most fruitful application of radiotherapy in these patients. In this chapter, we have presented the oncologists perspective to dealing with the non-surgical aspects of oral cancer management. We have elaborated on the chronological order with which radiotherapy has evolved and provided the contemporary aspects of decision making, essential for current practice. The evidence-based approach will address all components of radiotherapy workflow from basic understanding of patient’s anatomy, planning & evaluation during therapy to the outcomes & toxicity profiles to be expected in day-to-day clinics. Established guidelines have been incorporated into the graphical representations to ensure scenario-based understanding. Future perspectives, essential for identifying the possible direction of therapy & potential improvements in outcomes, have also been addressed.
The Importance of Partnerships for Effective Protected Area Management
Authors: de Koning Mirjam , Avramoski Oliver
Published: August 2021

Protected areas work in complex environments in which they have to liaise with governments, scientific and civil society organizations, volunteers, local stakeholders, visitors, and funders. This requires next to thematic expertise on conservation, among others legal, management, financial, administrative and communications skills and capacities. Especially the smaller protected areas struggle to efficiently operate in all these specialized fields and often lack enough in-house capacity and resources. This chapter highlights the lessons learned and evolvement of various forms of partnerships in different countries on different continents (collaborative arrangement in Laos and different formal and informal arrangements in the Western Balkans). Core to the success is to build sufficient capacity within the protected area management authorities so they understand the priorities and the resources needed to fund, manage and implement these priorities. Specialized skills and capacities needed for effective protected area management are limited in most countries and it is inefficient and too expensive to build this capacity in-house. Having a clear vision on what needs to be done and building a strong cooperation between partners through effective communication is the key to success to come to more effective protected area management either on a national, regional or transboundary level.
Materials Research on High-Entropy Alloy Superconductors
Authors: Kitagawa Jiro , Ishizu Naoki , Hamamoto Shusuke
Published: August 2021

The first purpose of this chapter is materials research on face-centered-cubic (fcc) high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductors, which have not yet been reported. We have investigated several Nb-containing multicomponent alloys. Although we succeeded in obtaining Nb-containing samples with the dominant fcc phases, no superconducting signals appeared in these samples down to 3 K. The microstructure analyses revealed that all samples were multi-phase, but the existence of several new Nb-containing HEA phases was confirmed in them. The second purpose is the report of materials research on the Mn5Si3-type HEA superconductors. This hexagonal structure offers various intermetallic compounds, which often undergo a superconducting state. The Mn5Si3-type HEA is classified into the multisite HEA, which possesses the high degree of freedom in the materials design and is good platform for studying exotic HEA superconductors. We have successfully found a single-phase Mn5Si3-type HEA, which, however, does not show a superconducting property down to 3 K. The attempt of controlling the valence electron count was not successful.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Medical Devices
Authors: Wang Ting-Wei , Lin Ting-Tse
Published: August 2021

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in biomedical applications is a significant issue related to the user’s life safety, especially in implantable medical devices. Cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are the main chronic disease worldwide that rely on implantable treatment devices such as cardiac pacemakers and vagus nerve stimulators. Both devices must have high EMC to avoid electromagnetic interference-induced health risks, even death during the treatment. Thus, it is important to understand how EMI can affect implantable devices and proactively protect devices from electromagnetic interference, providing reliable and safe implantable device therapy. To this end, this chapter comprehensively introduces the clinical issues and provides EMC requirements for the implantable device such as a cardiac pacemaker and vagus nerve stimulator. The significance of this chapter is to present the EMC important issues in medical engineering that can help to evolve reliable and secure implantable device development in the future.
Valoração do serviço de provisão de água da bacia do rio Cassiporé, no estado do Amapá, Brasil
Authors: Costa Milena Leal , Nogueira Jorge Madeira , Guadalupe Juan Vicente
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo estima o valor monetário do serviço de provisão de água da bacia do Rio Cassiporé, no estado do Amapá (BRC), utilizando as técnicas de valoração econômica por meio dos Métodos de Custo de Reposição (MCR) e de Custos Evitados (MCE). Deste modo, caracterizaram-se os danos causados ao serviço ecossistêmico; identificaram-se os métodos de valoração; levantaram-se os custos de reparação; e, por último, estabeleceu-se o cálculo do Valor Econômico (VE). O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo por meio do levantamento de preço dos bens e serviços das ações necessárias para reparação e manutenção do serviço ecossistêmico ameaçado de extinção pelas atividades de garimpo artesanal. O resultado mostrou o valor estimado do serviço ecossistêmico em R$ 66.925.432,49. A principal conclusão indicou que o valor encontrado representa os custos iniciais da reparação do serviço ecossistêmico causados pelos danos da atividade de garimpo.
Conflitos socioambientais em sítio Ramsar: Brutalidade e expulsões na região da Baixada Ocidental Maranhense
Authors: Shiraishi Neto Joaquim , Lima Rosirene Martins , Brito Ciro Souza
Published: August 2021

Conflitos recentes na Baixada Ocidental Maranhense indicam uma maior pressão sobre a região, reconhecida como sítio Ramsar desde 2000. “Brutalidades” e “expulsões” são os termos aqui utilizados, por expressarem melhor a abrangência e a intensidade dos processos em curso, que devastam a biosfera e todas as formas de vida ali existentes. Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre esses processos, que ameaçam as maneiras de ser, de fazer e de viver das comunidades tradicionais, as quais constituíram um complexo sistema de uso comum das terras, das florestas, dos lagos e dos rios na região. Os resultados preliminares da pesquisa levantados em contextos diversos, a partir da observação direta e de entrevistas, apontam para a agudização dos confrontos entre o agressivo avanço do capital e a reinvenção das formas de luta das comunidades, orientada por uma maior consciência identitária.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade: contribuições para construção de estratégias de desenvolvimento mais sustentável em agroecossistema de várzea
Authors: Silva Tayse Fernanda Amaral , Coelho Roberta De Fátima Rodrigues , Sousa Romier Da Paixão
Published: August 2021

Uma das principais discussões na atualidade refere-se ao fato de se repensar o modo de produzir alimentos, bem como a busca pelo desenvolvimento rural, a partir da perspectiva da sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, surgem os indicadores de sustentabilidade, instrumentos que possibilitam uma avaliação mais ampla e multidimensional do desenvolvimento rural. Diante do exposto, o trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma síntese dos principais indicadores de sustentabilidade utilizados em agroecossistema de várzea, refletindo sobre os critérios empregados durante sua seleção, construção e resultados. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico e exploratório, em consulta de livros e periódicos científicos. Foram identificados doze indicadores compostos e um simples, observou-se que a maioria são adaptações de trabalhos de referência, mas que sofreram alguma modificação em sua estrutura devido às características locais. Os trabalhos demonstraram que a efetividade do uso está intimamente ligada ao caráter participativo e à flexibilidade na construção.
Do indigenismo empresarial à catástrofe bolsonarista: uma entrevista com o antropólogo Stephen Grant Baines
Authors: Barros Soares Leonardo , Grant Baines Stephen
Published: August 2021

O antropólogo Stephen Grant Baines é Professor Titular do Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de Brasília, pesquisador de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico e coordenador do Laboratório e Grupo de Estudos de Relações Interétnicas (LAGERI/UnB). Nesta entrevista, percorremos seus mais de trinta anos de carreira acadêmica, evidenciando sua trajetória profissional e pessoal e seus temas de pesquisa atual. Estes se concentram no estudo de estilos de etnologia indígena numa perspectiva internacional comparada, povos indígenas em fronteiras internacionais e da existência de indígenas encarcerados em Roraima. Por fim, o professor Baines apresenta sua avaliação do atual momento da política indigenista no Brasil sob o governo de Jair Bolsonaro.
Conflitos em espaços globalizados: uma leitura das resistências na Microrregião de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ
Authors: De Almeida Érica Terezinha Vieira , Cruz José Luis Vianna da
Published: August 2021

O artigo analisa dois conflitos na Microrregião de Campos dos Goytacazes, no Norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, decorrentes dos impactos de Grandes Investimentos (GIs) e das resistências protagonizadas pelos atores afetados por dois GIs. O resultado das pesquisas dos autores está sustentado metodologicamente nas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e hemerográfica. A escolha dos conflitos deve-se a suas vinculações com os GIs: diretas, como a expropriação de pequenos agricultores para a instalação de um megaporto, em São João da Barra; e indiretas, como a remoção dos moradores da maior favela de Campos dos Goytacazes, realizada pela prefeitura na condução do seu programa de habitação popular. O objetivo é identificar, num determinado território, as forças sociais e políticas que se articulam na implantação dos GIs, e como atuam, bem como as mediações que viabilizam as resistências dos grupos sociais afetados aos processos de subordinação dos espaços à dinâmica capitalista global.
SOUZA-LIMA, José Edmilson de. Economia ambiental, ecológica e marxista versus recursos naturais. Revista FAE Centro Universitário, Curitiba, v. 7, n. 1, p. 119-127, 2004.
Authors: Lopes Felipe
Published: August 2021

Trata-se de uma resenha do artigo "Economia ambiental, ecológica e marxista versus recursos naturais" publicado por José Edmilson. Tem-se como propósito analisar as possíveis soluções dadas pelo autor para os problemas da crise ambiental,na perspectiva econômica, além de contrapô-las.
The balancing act of combining school and football in the transition from a non-professional club into junior-elite academy football
Authors: Solhaug Marius , Høigaard Rune , Sæther Stig Arve
Published: August 2021

Football players in the transition from junior-to-senior are usually involved in dual careers, combining school and football – a process that makes them dependent on a holistic talent-development journey. The aim of the current study was to describe how male junior elite football players (N=10; 5=living at home, 5=living away from home) perceived stressors in the transition from a non-professional club into a junior elite academy. Furthermore, the school transition (between lower- and upper-secondary school) and social transition (based on the school and football transitions) as a consequence of the football transition into academy football. Based on Wylleman and Lavallee’s (2004) and Stambulova’s (2003) models, the data were analysed based on the following three levels in the transitions: athletic, academic - and psycho-social. The main perceived stressors in the football transition (athletic level) were new performance demands, which impacted them both physically (e.g., quality of training) and psychologically (e.g., self-esteem and well-being). Perceived stressors in the school transition (academic level) were related to increased academic workload and expectations, and academic achievement. Perceived stressors related to the social transition (psycho-social level) among the players that have chosen to live away from home were new roommates and doing more housework, even though they adapted quickly to the new requirements. Both groups highlighted the importance of having a social network (friends, leisure activity) outside of football, so they got to relax and not always think about football or school. The study findings suggest that maintaining dual careers introduces stressors for most players – independent of living at home or away from home.
Estimation of Dar-Zarrouk parameters and delineation of groundwater potential zones in Karlahi, part of Adamawa Massif, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Geology, University of Jos, Nigeria, Yusuf S.N. , Ishaku J.M. ,   Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria, Wakili W.M. ,   Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

Karlahi is largely underlain by granites and migmatites gneiss of the Adamawa Massif. The area lies west of Benue Trough and east of Cameroon volcanic line. The aim of this paper is to determine hydraulic properties of water bearing layer using parameters derived from Dar-Zarrouk equation and characterized them into groundwater potential zones. The resistivity values of the weathered and slightly weathered layers which make up the water bearing layers were added and an average was taken and used as the resistivity of the water bearing formation in computation of Dar-Zarrouk parameters in Karlahi area. The values of resistivity of water bearing formation ranged from 18 to 4963 Ωm with an average resistivity value of 549 Ωm and the thickness of the water bearing formation ranges from 21 to 32 m with an average thickness of 24.5 m. Conductivity values range from 0.000201 to 0.05509 (σ) while the longitudinal conductance range from 0.00483 to 1.2363 Ω-1, the transverse resistance ranges from 407 to 123504.3 Ωm2. The hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity values range from 0.14 to 25.87 m/day and 3.28 to 580.4 m2/day respectively. The longitudinal conductance values in Karlahi area revealed poor to good with an average longitudinal conductance value that is moderate. High transverse resistance values are located in the central and southern part of Karlahi area while low values are located in the eastern part. The spatial distribution map of transmissivity in the area revealed moderate to high transmissivity values in the north central part and a negligible to low transmissivity in southern part, extreme northeastern part. The groundwater potential map of Karlahi area shows negligible to weak potential groundwater zones in SW and SE, moderate potential in the central to northern part of Karlahi area.
Optical fragile watermarking based on visual cryptography and QR code
Authors: Zhou Xin-Long , Zhu Yu-Peng , Yang Dong-Yu , Zhang Jun-Hao , Lu Zhe , Wang Hua-Ying , Dong Zhao , Ke Chang-Jun , Shi Yi-Shi ,   School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China,   School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
Published: August 2021

An optical fragile watermarking method is proposed based on visual cryptography and QR code for image authentication and tamper detection. On the one hand, the original image is transformed into a QR watermark image to improve the watermark hiding capacity. On the other hand, the visual cryptography and optical phase coding are fused to encrypt the watermark image to enhance system security. The feasibility, vulnerability and imperceptibility of the proposed scheme are tested through a series of attacks and tampering. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only have good imperceptibility, but also achieve high detection performance under different attacks and tampering.
Fibronectin enhances tumor metastasis through B7‐H3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xie Jinjing , Sun Meiyun , Zhang Dongze , Chen Chunyang , Lin Simin , Zhang Guangbo
Published: August 2021

B7 homolog 3 (B7‐H3) plays an important role in tumor biology, but the molecular mechanism underlying the role of B7‐H3 in tumor metastasis remains unclear. In this article, our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database suggested that B7‐H3 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). B7‐H3 knockdown affected the expression of metastasis‐related genes and significantly suppressed the metastasis of ccRCC cells, but it had no significant effect on the proliferation of ccRCC cells. Database analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between B7‐H3 and fibronectin (FN) in ccRCC cells, and further study also confirmed that FN interacts with B7‐H3. Silencing FN expression inhibited the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, whereas exogenous FN promoted the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, which was accompanied by activation of kinases [namely, phosphorylated (p)‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, p‐protein kinase B, p‐p38 and p‐extracellular regulated protein kinase]. B7‐H3 knockdown abolished the prometastatic effect of FN. In conclusion, our data suggest that B7‐H3 binds to exogenous FN and promotes the metastasis of ccRCC cells.
An adaptive improved unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance method based on weak signal detection
Authors: Cui Lin , Yang Junan , Wang Lunwen , Liu Hui , Xiao Yuxuan
Published: August 2021

Stochastic resonance can detect weak periodic signals from strong background noise without loss of signal energy. However, the classical bistable stochastic resonance has the inherent output saturation defect, which limits the detection performance of system. And it is more difficult to detect signal with strong background noise. In this article, we constructed improved unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance to overcome this shortcoming. The improved bistable potential function makes the output signal more easily oscillate in two potential wells. To improve the stability and the accuracy of the method, we further propose an adaptive improved unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance (AIUBSR) by constructing a synthetic index (SI). The SI combines zero‐crossing ratio and structural correlation coefficient, which can measure the periodicity of output signal and the accuracy of detective frequency at the same time. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the proposed AIUBSR can have good weak signal detection capability in strong background noise.
Pathologically Responsive Mitochondrial Gene Therapy in an Allotopic Expression‐Independent Manner Cures Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Wang Yi , Hu Li‐Fan , Cui Peng‐Fei , Qi Lian‐Yu , Xing Lei , Jiang Hu‐Lin
Published: August 2021

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare inherited blindness caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The disorder is untreatable and tricky, as the existing chemotherapeutic agent Idebenone alleviates symptoms rather than overcoming the underlying cause. Although some studies have made progress on allotopic expression for LHON, in situ mitochondrial gene therapy remains challenging, which may simplify delivery procedures to be a promising therapeutic for LHON. LHON becomes more difficult to manage in the changed mitochondrial microenvironment, including increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Herein, a pathologically responsive mitochondrial gene delivery vector named [triphenylphosphine‐terminated poly(sulfur‐containing thioketal undecafluorohexylamine histamine) and Ide‐terminated poly(sulfur‐containing thioketal undecafluorohexylamine histamine)] (TISUH) is reported to facilitate commendable in situ mitochondrial gene therapy for LHON. TISUH directly targets diseased mitochondria via triphenylphosphine and fluorination addressing the decreasing MMP. In addition, TISUH can be disassembled by high mitochondrial ROS levels to release functional genes for enhancing gene transfection efficiency and fundamentally correcting genetic abnormalities. In both traditional and gene‐mutation‐induced LHON mouse models, TISUH‐mediated gene therapy shows satisfactory curative effect through the sustained therapeutic protein expression in vivo. This work proposes a novel pathologically responsive in situ mitochondrial delivery platform and provides a promising approach for refractory LHON as well as other mtDNA mutated diseases treatments.