bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After-action review of the 2009-10 H1N1 Influenza Outbreak Response: Ohio’s Public Health System’s performance
Authors: Mase, Dr PH William A. , Bickford, MS Beth , Thomas, MA Casey L. , Jones, MPH Shamika D. , Bisesi, PhD Michael
Published: March 2018

Objective: In early 2009, H1N1 influenza was identified within the human population. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) officials responded with focused assessment, policy development, and assurances. The response was mobilized through efforts including procurement of adequate vaccine supply, local area span of control, materials acquisition, and facilities and resource identification.Methods: Qualitative evaluation of the assurance functions specific to the system's ability to assure safe and healthy conditions are reported. The methodology mirrors the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program used to assess system capability.Results: Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of community responsive disease prevention efforts in partnership with the public health systems mission to unify traditional public sector systems, for-profit systems, and local area systems was accomplished. As a result of this response pharmaceutical industries, healthcare providers, healthcare agencies, police/safety, colleges, and health and human service agencies were united. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of community response strategies utilizing feedback from system stakeholders. After-action review processes are critical in all-hazards preparedness. This analysis of local health district response to the H1N1 influenza outbreak informs future public health service delivery. Results provide a synthesis of local health department's emergency response strategies, challenges encountered, and future-focused emergency response strategy implementation. A synthesis is provided as to policy and practice developments which have emerged over the past seven years with regard to lessons learned from the 2009-10 H1N1 influenza outbreak and response.
Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake: an improved multiyear estimate of the air–sea CO2 flux incorporating chlorophyll a concentrations
Authors: Yasunaka Sayaka , Siswanto Eko , Olsen Are , Hoppema Mario , Watanabe Eiji , Fransson Agneta , Chierici Melissa , Murata Akihiko , Lauvset Siv K. , Wanninkhof Rik , Takahashi Taro , Kosugi Naohiro , Omar Abdirahman M. , van Heuven Steven , Mathis Jeremy T.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We estimated monthly air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Arctic Ocean and
its adjacent seas north of 60∘ N from 1997 to 2014. This was done by
mapping partial pressure of CO2 in the surface water (pCO2w)
using a self-organizing map (SOM) technique incorporating chlorophyll a
concentration (Chl a), sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea
ice concentration, atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio, and geographical
position. We applied new algorithms for extracting Chl a from satellite
remote sensing reflectance with close examination of uncertainty of the
obtained Chl a values. The overall relationship between pCO2w and
Chl a was negative, whereas the relationship varied among seasons and
regions. The addition of Chl a as a parameter in the SOM process enabled us
to improve the estimate of pCO2w, particularly via better
representation of its decline in spring, which resulted from biologically
mediated pCO2w reduction. As a result of the inclusion of Chl a, the
uncertainty in the CO2 flux estimate was reduced, with a net annual
Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake of 180 ± 130 Tg C yr−1. Seasonal to
interannual variation in the CO2 influx was also calculated.
The Variable Infiltration Capacity Model, Version 5 (VIC-5): Infrastructure improvements for new applications and reproducibility
Authors: Hamman Joseph J. , Nijssen Bart , Bohn Theodore J. , Gergel Diana R. , Mao Yixin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is a macro-scale semi-distributed hydrologic model. VIC development began in the early 1990s and the model has since been used extensively for basin- to global-scale applications that include hydrologic data set construction, trend analysis of hydrologic fluxes and states, data evaluation and assimilation, forecasting, coupled climate modeling, and climate change impact assessment. Ongoing operational applications of the VIC model include the University of Washington's drought monitoring and forecasting systems and NASA's Land Data Assimilation System. This paper documents the development of VIC version 5 (VIC-5), which includes a major reconfiguration of the legacy VIC source code to support a wider range of modern hydrologic modeling applications. The VIC source code has been moved to a public GitHub repository to encourage participation by the broader user and developer communities. The reconfiguration has separated the core physics of the model from the driver source code, where the latter is responsible for memory allocation, pre- and post-processing and input/output (I/O). VIC-5 includes four drivers that use the same core physics modules, but which allow for different methods for accessing this core to enable different model applications. Finally, VIC-5 is distributed with robust test infrastructure, components of which routinely run during development using cloud-hosted continuous integration. The work described here provides an example to the model development community for extending the life of a legacy model that is being used extensively. The development and release of VIC-5 represents a significant step forward for the VIC user community in terms of support for existing and new model applications, reproducibility, and scientific robustness.
Requirements for a global data infrastructure in support of CMIP6
Authors: Balaji Venkatramani , Taylor Karl E. , Juckes Martin , Lautenschlager Michael , Blanton Chris , Cinquini Luca , Denvil Sebastien , Durack Paul J. , Elkington Mark , Guglielmo Francesca , Guilyardi Eric , Hassell David , Kharin Slava , Kindermann Stefan , Lawrence Bryan N. , Nikonov Sergey , Radhakrishnan Aparna , Stockhause Martina , Weigel Tobias , Williams Dean
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)'s Working Group on Climate Modeling (WGCM) Infrastructure Panel (WIP) was formed in 2014 in response to the explosive growth in size and complexity of Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIPs) between CMIP3 (2005-06) and CMIP5 (2011-12). This article presents the WIP recommendations for the global data infrastructure needed to support CMIP design, future growth and evolution. Developed in close coordination with those who build and run the existing infrastructure (the Earth System Grid Federation), the recommendations are based on several principles beginning with the need to separate requirements, implementation, and operations. Other important principles include the consideration of data as a commodity in an ecosystem of users, the importance of provenance, the need for automation, and the obligation to measure costs and benefits. This paper concentrates on requirements, recognising the diversity of communities involved (modelers, analysts, software developers, and downstream users). Such requirements include the need for scientific reproducibility and accountability alongside the need to record and track data usage for the purpose of assigning credit. One key element is to generate a dataset-centric rather than system-centric focus, with an aim to making the infrastructure less prone to systemic failure. With these overarching principles and requirements, the WIP has produced a set of position papers, which are summarized here. They provide specifications for managing and delivering model output, including strategies for replication and versioning, licensing, data quality assurance, citation, long-term archival, and dataset tracking. They also describe a new and more formal approach for specifying what data, and associated metadata, should be saved, which enables future data volumes to be estimated. The paper concludes with a future-facing consideration of the global data infrastructure evolution that follows from the blurring of boundaries between climate and weather, and the changing nature of published scientific results in the digital age.
Low salinity as a biosecurity tool for minimizing biofouling in ships sea-chests
Authors: Castro Maria Cecilia T. , Vance Thomas , Yunnie Anna L. E. , Fileman Timothy W. , Hall-Spencer Jason M.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Biofouling is a major vector in the transfer of non-native species around the world. Species can be transported on virtually all submerged areas on ships (e.g. hulls, sea-chests, propellers) and so antifouling systems are used to reduce fouling. However, with increased regulation of biocides used in antifoulants (e.g. the International Maritime Organization tributyltin ban in 2008), there is a need to find efficient and sustainable alternatives. Here, we tested the hypothesis that short doses of low salinity water could be used to kill fouling species in sea-chests. Settlement panels were suspended at 1.5 m depth in a Plymouth marina for 24 months by which time they had developed mature biofouling assemblages. We exposed these panels to three different salinities (7 psu, 20 psu and 33 psu) for two hours using a model sea chest placed in the marina and flushed with freshwater. Fouling organism diversity and abundance was assessed before panels were treated, immediately after treatment, and then one week and one month later. Some native ascidian Dendrodoa grossularia survived, but all other macrobenthos were killed by the 7 PSU treatment after one week. The 20 PSU treatment was not effective at killing the majority of fouling organisms. On the basis of these results we propose that sea-chests be flushed with freshwater for at least two hours before ships leave port. This would not cause unnecessary delays or costs and could be a major step forwards in improving biosecurity.
From Promoting Political Polyarchy to Defeating Participatory Democracy: U.S. Foreign Policy towards the Far Left in Latin America
Authors: Gill Timothy M
Published: March 2018

During the 1980s, the United States initiated an explicit policy of democracy promotion throughout the world. William Robinson (1996) more accurately described this initiative as “promoting polyarchy,” whereby the United States supported moderate elite actors that promoted neoliberal economic policies to displace both right-wing and communist despots, such as General Augusto Pinochet in Chile and Soviet rulers in Eastern Europe. While much of Latin America remained characterized by polyarchies throughout the late 20th Century, Latin American citizens began to reject these political arrangements and to elect anti-neoliberal candidates that promoted participatory democracy by the turn of the 21st Century, particularly in Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. How has the United States changed its democracy promotion strategies to respond to these new dynamics? The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the U.S. government, through agencies such as the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and USAID, has altered the main thrust of its foreign policy in Latin America, from promoting polyarchy and displacing despotic leaders, to supporting opposition actors to unseat democratically-elected far leftist leaders that promote participatory democracy. This paper deploys a case study method involving recent U.S. foreign policy in Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, and it utilizes both U.S. diplomatic cables and interviews with U.S. state elites to illustrate this shift.
Review of Global Urban Justice: The Rise of Human Rights Cities
Authors: Reifer Thomas Ehrlich
Published: March 2018

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Review of From World City to the World in One City: Liverpool Through Malay Lives
Authors: Jones Paul
Published: March 2018

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Review of Les Mondes de L’Océan Indien. Vol. 1: De la formation de l’État au premier système-monde Afro-Eurasien; Vol. 2: L’Océan Indien, au coeur des globalisations de l’ancien Monde.
Authors: Anderson E. N.
Published: March 2018

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Review of Global Cities: Urban Environments in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China
Authors: Taylor Peter J.
Published: March 2018

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Conference Report—"Creating Historical Knowledge Socially: New Approaches, Opportunities, and Epistemological Implications of Undertaking Research with Citizen Scholars”
Authors: Manning Patrick
Published: March 2018

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Review of Matias Margulis' The Global Political Economy of Raúl Prebisch
Authors: Dreher Sabine
Published: March 2018

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Review of Cities of the Global South Reader
Authors: Weinstein Liza
Published: March 2018

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Beyond Expectations: From Foster Children to Foster Parents
Authors: Hamilton Leslie S. , Harris Victor W.
Published: March 2018

Little research exists on long-term outcomes for adults who have been in foster care as children, with even less research on former foster children who become foster parents themselves. Foster care and maltreatment exert significant independent and interdependent impacts on youth outcomes. While traditional research often focuses on predicting and mitigating negative outcomes, new studies indicate success using a positive youth development approach that is strengths-based targeting positive outcomes, such as strong empathy skills. These outcomes align with the demonstrated skills that lead to successful foster parenting. The current review examines the possible transition from foster child to foster parent through the lenses of parenting styles, attachment, and family systems theories, as well as positive youth development and social justice youth development theories. The authors propose utilizing theory and proven interventions to address foster youths’ attachment and emotional development needs, recognize positive outcomes for youth in foster care, and employ evidence-based training programs in place for at-risk parent groups to help break the cycle that leads to displacement. The need for more research to assist foster children, parents, case workers, and systems to promote healthy youth development is discussed.
The Determinants of the Confidi Delinquency Rate
Authors: Bongiovanni Alessio , Rovera Cristina
Published: March 2018

This study is focused on the Italian confidi, the financial institutions placed in an intermediate position between lenders and borrowers, because they offer guarantees care of banks to the associated SMEs. During the last years some of the most important guarantee institutions failed, because of bad and doubtful credits. The main aim of the research is to determine the responsible factors about their delinquency rate. The analysis is realized on 99 confidi during 2006-2015 (10 years). The data about 2016 are not usable, because the Italian confidi are living a change in the accountings standards, making it impossible a comparison between the balance sheets. The regression model show that the difficulties in credit collections essentially depend to the economic crisis and to the bad management of the organizations. We cannot also forget the practical and social implications of the study. The forecasting of the riskier confidi will help the Italian policy makers both in the individuation of correct instruments of rescue and in finding a solution for another important problem: the unemployment.
Does Your Mind Push? Mental Simulation of Context-Independent Monosyllabic Verbs in Chinese
Authors: Li Yingxia , Wu Lin
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the semantic simulation of the monosyllabic verbs in Chinese. It tries to find out whether the sensorimotor circuitry is involved in the processing of the verb meanings, in particular, the monosyllabic verbs independent of the context. E-prime 2.0 is used in the experiment to record the RT (reaction time) of the subjects when they process the verbs with a colored bar as the background of each verb. The orientations of the bars either match with the direction indicated in the verb meanings or not. The results show that even without specific context, the processing of the verb meanings still require automatic activation of the sensorimotor system.
Color and Antioxidant Capacity Preservation of Opuntia spp. Juices by Spray-drying Microencapsulation.
Authors: Castañeda-Yañez Alberto , Martín-del-Campo Sandra T. , San-Martin Alejandra , Cardador-Martínez Anaberta
Published: March 2018

In this work, it was evaluated the effect of microencapsulation using spray drying over natural colorants present in two varieties (red and purple) of prickly pear juice (Opuntia spp.), using three kinds of carrier agents (matrixes). The dried samples after microencapsulation retained a high total amount of the betalains and their antioxidant characteristics. However, some individual betalains were lost after microencapsulation. According to ANOVA results, matrix 3204 showed a more protective effect than matrix 4801 in both microencapsulated juices over color, individual betalains, and antioxidant capacity. Globally, the protective effect was better for purple juices than red juices no matter the matrix used. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed these results. Matrix 3204 resulted in the best carrier agent since it gave a less disperse PCA group for both color juices. The parameters that separated both PCA matrixes groups were L*, a*, b* and DPPH.
Enhancing Intraday Price Signals in U.S. ISO Markets for a Better Integration of Variable Energy Resources
Authors: Herrero Ignacio , Rodilla Pablo , Batlle Carlos
Published: March 2018

Efficient operation of power systems increasingly requires accurate forecasting of load and variable energy resources (VER) production, along with flexible resources and markets, capable of adapting to changing conditions in the intraday horizon. It is of utmost importance to reflect these needs in price signals, to align the incentives of market agents with the new challenges. The two-settlement system used by U.S. ISOs falls short to provide efficient intraday economic signals and a cost reflective allocation of intraday rescheduling costs. This paper advocates for a multi-settlement system, which entails calculating intraday prices as forecasts are updated and re-schedules are executed. This approach incorporates more granular prices, as in European intraday markets, while keeping the efficient centralized dispatch logic of the ISO model. A stylized case example illustrates the virtues of a multi-settlement system, which sends cost reflective signals, and consequently facilitates VER integration.
Review of the Palaearctic species of Ismaridae Thomson, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea)
Authors: Kim Chang-Jun , Notton David G. , Ødegaard Frode , Lee Jong-Wook
Published: March 2018

The Palaearctic species of Ismaridae Thomson, 1858 are reviewed. Thirteen species of Ismaridae are recognized from the Palaearctic. Five species are described as new: Ismarus brevis Kim & Lee sp. nov. from the Russian Far East and South Korea; I. distinctus Kim, Notton & Ødegaard sp. nov. from Norway and the United Kingdom; I. excavatus Kim & Lee sp. nov. from China, Japan and South Korea; I. similis Kim, Notton & Lee sp. nov. from the United Kingdom and I. tripotini Kim & Lee sp. nov. from South Korea. Ismarus apicalis Kolyada & Chemyreva, 2016 is newly recorded from China, France, Japan and South Korea; I. dorsiger (Haliday, 1831) from France, Montenegro, Norway, South Korea and Switzerland; I. flavicornis (Thomson, 1858) from Bulgaria and Norway; I. grandis Alekseev, 1978, I. halidayi Förster, 1850 and I. multiporus Kolyada & Chemyreva from Japan and South Korea; I. rugulosus Förster, 1850 from Austria and I. spinalis Kolyada & Chemyreva, 2016 from China, Japan and South Korea. An identification key to all species found in the Palaearctic region is presented.
Ontology and Technology in the Everyday
Authors: Stasiulis Nerijus
Published: March 2018

In this paper I try to discover a common thread which links issues discussed by various authors that may at first glance have little commerce with one another. The authors deal with different relations to reality that, I argue, inform our everydayness and technologies that permeat it. I consider the ontological issue of the real to be the unifying notion. Also, a tendency to disavow the human-centered stance on both theoretical and practical terms alongside abolishing the distance between man, or culture, and nature is apparent. The notion that technology does not have to be exploitative or destructive seems to also be an outcome of the mentioned shift in ontological terms. Our everyday dealings can be informed by notions that avoid dualisms such as different forms of anthropocentrism versus realism.
Phenomenological Reflections on the Structure of Transformation: The Example of Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Behnke Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2018

“But above all, we are the seeds: and we make ready to throw ourselves out of ourselves and into something else, something much higher, something that carries the name of spring…
To be inside the phenomena, always inside them: to be seed and always to lean upon your own earth.” – from Nichita Stănescu, “A unsprezecea elegie” (Stănescu 1977: 97).
After outlining how putting phenomenological methods into practice can help to foster an attitude conducive to cultural transformation, I consider both mainstream and alternative ways in which the sense, “food”, is constituted and present some parallels between the constitution of the “physicalistic thing” and the constitution of the “commodity”, concluding with some remarks on the importance of a phenomenological retrieval of situated lived experience.
La méthode Q dans l’étude des réflexions des enseignants du secondaire sur leurs pratiques professionnelles
Authors: Dobrica-Tudor Viorica , Théorêt Manon
Published: March 2018

Le présent article tire son origine de notre recherche doctorale, qui s’intéresse aux relations entre les pratiques professionnelles réfléchies et le bien-être pédagogique chez les enseignants du secondaire. Cet article met en relief l’apport de la méthode Q dans l’exploration des réflexions des enseignants du secondaire sur leurs pratiques professionnelles. Ainsi, 13 enseignants ont classé 14 énoncés référant au travail enseignant sur une fiche de réponses, selon leur degré d’accord avec le contenu de ces énoncés. Les classements des participants ont été analysés à l’aide des logiciels QDA Miner et PQMethod. Nos résultats suggèrent que la méthode Q peut être envisagée comme un outil pertinent pour l’étude des réflexions des enseignants sur leurs pratiques professionnelles.
La mise en oeuvre de la Loi sur les normes du travail : étude empirique d’un modèle singulier d’inspection du travail
Authors: GESUALDI-FECTEAU Dalia , VALLÉE Guylaine
Published: March 2018

L’inspection du travail a pour mission, dans plusieurs systèmes nationaux, d’assurer l’application des dispositions légales relatives aux conditions de travail et à la protection des travailleurs. Au Québec, l’inspection en matière de normes du travail est confiée à un organisme administratif qui possède un large éventail de moyens d’intervention pour réaliser cette mission. Après avoir présenté la genèse et les caractéristiques de ce modèle d’inspection du travail, l’article examine, à l’aide de deux études empiriques menées entre 2012 et 2015, comment cet organisme administratif [la Commission des normes du travail, au moment de la réalisation de ces études] utilise concrètement ses moyens d’intervention. Les résultats montrent qu’outre les caractéristiques institutionnelles de l’organisme chargé de l’inspection du travail (notamment son autonomie et son expertise spécialisée), des facteurs organisationnels liés à son fonctionnement interne ont des effets réels dans la réalisation de son mandat. Ainsi, les moyens d’intervention que ses agents, notamment les inspecteurs-enquêteurs, choisissent de mobiliser, la reconnaissance et l’encadrement de leur rôle au sein de l’organisation et les ressources dont ils disposent ont un impact direct sur la manière dont les normes du travail sont appliquées. Ces facteurs sont particulièrement utiles dans l’analyse des impacts que pourraient avoir les changements organisationnels engendrés par la création de la Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST) le 1er janvier 2016.
Experimental and numerical study of a hydrocyclone with the modification of geometrical structure
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Chunjiang , Zhang Ting , Li Dan , Zheng Longyun
Published: March 2018

This paper proposes two kinds of structure‐modified hydrocyclone that exhibit better performance than the traditional ones. In type‐1, in which the outer edge of the vortex finder is hexagonal, the separation efficiency increases by 18.1 % compared to the conventional hydrocyclone, while type‐3, with a hexagonal conical section, can save 49.7 % of energy. To determine the reasons for the improvement in performance, numerical simulations are conducted to observe the flow field inside the hydrocyclones. Tangential, radial, and axial velocities are all studied in this research according to the simulation results. The radial velocity has a close relationship with separation efficiency. Based on the analysis, the separation mechanisms of different types of hydrocyclones are proposed. Furthermore, the air core, which is captured by a CCD camera, as a factor correlative to the flow pattern is also supportive of the improvement. The smoke area, which has many small air bubbles around the vortex finder, is defined in this work. The existence of the smoke area has a negative influence on energy transfer and separation efficiency.
Development of Acidic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids for Activation of Kraft Lignin by Controlled Oxidation: Comprehensive Evaluation and Practical Utility
Authors: Klapiszewski Łukasz , Szalaty Tadeusz J. , Kurc Beata , Stanisz Małgorzata , Zawadzki Bartosz , Skrzypczak Andrzej , Jesionowski Teofil
Published: March 2018

A novel, eco‐friendly method for the activation of lignin by controlled oxidation was studied. The results obtained for six acidic imidazolium ionic liquids containing the hydrogen sulfate anion were compared. The key goal of this research was to increase the content of carbonyl groups in the lignin structure because these may play the main role in the transport of protons and electrons in active materials for electrochemical applications. By means of a variety of analytical techniques (FTIR, 13C CP/MAS NMR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; selected reactions to determine the presence of carbonyl groups; SEM; zeta‐potential analysis; thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis; and porous structure analysis), it was determined that the product obtained after treatment with 3‐cyclohexyloxymethy‐1‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate had favorable properties, in terms of the target application. Electrochemical tests proved that the obtained materials could be used as anodes in lithium batteries. The results show that the activation of lignin with ionic liquids can increase its capacity and maintain stability.
RESPONSE TO SUGIYAMA, SUGIYAMA, AND SARABIA G.
Authors: Sload Rebecca
Published: March 2018

Contrary to Sugiyama et al., radiocarbon dates from the Sun Pyramid do not mean that the Pyramid was constructed later than current estimates, nor that the Teotihuacan ceramic chronology should be changed.
How to Make Dutiful Citizens and Influence Turnout: the Effects of Family and School Dynamics on the Duty to Vote
Authors: Galais Carol
Published: March 2018

Existing literature assumes a link between voting and individuals’ political socialization, but no study has explored how political upbringing affects the most important attitudinal predictor of turnout: the duty to vote. Following previous research about the formation of attitudes related to the electoral process and social norms, this study focuses on the socialization agencies and dynamics that might first instill the belief during childhood that voting is a duty. The study also intends to contribute to political socialization theory by adopting a longitudinal perspective, by building upon developmental psychology theory and by simultaneously considering the two main childhood socialization agencies: family and school. A series of multivariate models confirms the role of family's socioeconomic status, parental engagement with children's education and non-authoritarian parenting styles, a positive effect that appears stronger than the effects on duty observed for Catholic schools and schools with democratic governance.
‘I want (to be) an active grandmother’ – activity as a new normative framework of subjective meanings and expectations associated with the grandmother role
Authors: MARHÁNKOVÁ JAROSLAVA HASMANOVÁ
Published: March 2018

The article analyses the norms of grandmothering in relation to cultural representations of active ageing. Based on interviews that were carried out with 20 mothers and 20 grandmothers of children under the age of ten, the article focuses on the way in which the current emphasis on activity influences ideas about how the roles of grandparent should be performed and how women relate to their own ageing. The analysis shows that being active represented a significant framework of the mothers’ notions and expectations associated with care provided by grandmothers, of grandmothers’ talk about their own grandparental role and how both generations of women interpret their own memories of their own grandmothers. Both the mothers and the grandmothers noted how the family role of grandmothers had changed compared to past generations of grandmothers. This change was framed by the idea of having an active lifestyle and this idea formed an important framework for the mothers’ expectations about what their role as grandmothers might be like in the future. This paper critically analyses those representations of the grandmother role and point out the emergence of new forms of conflicts and challenges, and the sense of ambivalence about traditional roles that result from the close association made between being active and the representation of grandmothering.
Existence of positive radial solutions for a superlinear semipositone p-Laplacian problem on the exterior of a ball
Authors: Morris Quinn , Shivaji Ratnasingham , Sim Inbo
Published: March 2018

We prove the existence of positive radial solutions to a class of semipositone p-Laplacian problems on the exterior of a ball subject to Dirichlet and nonlinear boundary conditions. Using variational methods we prove the existence of a solution, and then use a priori estimates to prove the positivity of the solution.
Effect of microabsorption on the determination of amorphous content via powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Scarlett Nicola V. Y. , Madsen Ian C.
Published: March 2018

Powder X-ray diffraction has become a routine procedure for the quantification of phases in mixtures. The most common method for this measurement is the Rietveld method, which generally returns the relative weight percentages of the crystalline components within the mixture. However, in many instances, it is also desirable to obtain an estimate of the amorphous content of a sample. There are several methods that may be used for this measurement and their accuracy has been assessed previously with a number of ideal, synthetic mixtures. Many samples, especially in the mineralogy sphere, are far from ideal and contain multiple phases of varying absorption contrast. This creates a microabsorption problem which affects the accuracy of the determination of both the crystalline and amorphous components. This paper assesses commonly used methods of amorphous determination with a series of synthetic samples designed to create a considerable microabsorption problem.
Applicant Ethnicity Affects Which Questions Are Asked in a Job Interview
Authors: Wolgast Sima , Björklund Fredrik , Bäckström Martin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Three experiments on professional recruiters explored how applicants’ ethnicity affects questions prepared for a job interview and the implications of this. Study 1 revealed that outgroup applicants prompt recruiters to focus more on whether applicants have integrated cultural norms and values fitting the ingroup norms (person-culture fit), as well as the match between the applicants and their would-be work team (person-group fit). When applicants were from the ethnic ingroup, recruiters focused more on questions pertaining to the match between the applicants’ abilities and the specific demands of the job (person-job fit). Studies 2 and 3 revealed that questions prepared for outgroup applicants were rated as less useful for hireability decisions, and that summaries emphasizing person-job fit were perceived as more useful.
An Improved Understanding of How Rift Margins Evolve
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: March 2018

A new seismic reflection study of the mid-Norwegian margin examines the role that low-angle, high-displacement faults play in the evolution of continental rifts.
Rocks with Soft-Tissue Fossils Share a Mineral Fingerprint
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: March 2018

Discovering new resting places of these rare and information-rich fossils will be critical to understanding the largest expansion of life in Earth’s history, according to researchers.
Redox/ATP switchable theranostic nanoparticles for real-time fluorescence monitoring of doxorubicin delivery
Authors: Lin Yi , Yang Yidi , Yan Jianqin , Chen Jun , Cao Jun , Pu Yuji , Li Li , He Bin
Published: March 2018

Redox/ATP switchable theranostic nanoparticles (TNs) with precise specificity and controllable mobility were developed for the real-time monitoring of anticancer drug release.
Molecular design of benzothienobenzothiophene-cored columnar mesogens: facile synthesis, mesomorphism, and charge carrier mobility
Authors: Liu Chun-Xia , Wang Hu , Du Jun-Qi , Zhao Ke-Qing , Hu Ping , Wang Bi-Qin , Monobe Hirosato , Heinrich Benoît , Donnio Bertrand
Published: March 2018

Benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT) liquid-crystalline semiconductors are arousing a lot of interest due to their long-range ordered, self-organizational abilities and high-charge carrier transport properties.
On the nature of organic and inorganic centers that bifurcate electrons, coupling exergonic and endergonic oxidation–reduction reactions
Authors: Peters John W. , Beratan David N. , Schut Gerrit J. , Adams Michael W. W.
Published: March 2018

Bifurcating electrons to couple endergonic and exergonic electron-transfer reactions has been shown to have a key role in energy conserving redox enzymes.
Black phosphorus with near-superhydrophobic properties and long-term stability in aqueous media
Authors: Matthews Peter D. , Hirunpinyopas Wisit , Lewis Edward A. , Brent Jack R. , McNaughter Paul D. , Zeng Niting , Thomas Andrew G. , O'Brien Paul , Derby Brian , Bissett Mark A. , Haigh Sarah J. , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Lewis David J.
Published: March 2018

We present the use of a polymeric stabilizer which stymies the degradation of black phosphorus nanosheets in aqueous media as well as imparting superhydrophobic properties to immobilised nanosheets.
Density functional study on the high catalytic performance of single metal atoms on the NbC(001) surface
Authors: Kan Dongxiao , Zhang Xilin , Fu Zhaoming , Zhang Yanxing , Zhao Yuling , Yang Zongxian
Published: March 2018

We have studied the adsorption and electronic properties as well as the catalytic activities of group 9–11 single metal atoms deposited on NbC(001).
Chemo-mechanical coupling in kerogen gas adsorption/desorption
Authors: Ho Tuan Anh , Wang Yifeng , Criscenti Louise J.
Published: March 2018

Strong chemo-mechanical coupling in kerogen gas adsorption from a hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulation study.
Nanoscale electrochemical movies and synchronous topographical mapping of electrocatalytic materials
Authors: Bentley Cameron L. , Unwin Patrick R.
Published: March 2018

Nanopipette imaging probes (ca. 30 nm) are used to map the activity/topography of nanostructured electrocatalysts directly, revealing active sites unambiguously.
Reassessment of long circulation via monitoring of integral polymeric nanoparticles justifies a more accurate understanding
Authors: He Haisheng , Jiang Sifan , Xie Yunchang , Lu Yi , Qi Jianping , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili , Yin Zongning , Wu Wei
Published: March 2018

Fast drug release leads to divergent kinetics of paclitaxel and mPEG-PCL nanoparticles, justifying an updated understanding of long circulation.
Phenanthroline polyazamacrocycles as G-quadruplex DNA binders
Authors: Carvalho Josué , Quintela Telma , Gueddouda Nassima M. , Bourdoncle Anne , Mergny Jean-Louis , Salgado Gilmar F. , Queiroz João A. , Cruz Carla
Published: March 2018

Several phenanthroline polyazamacrocycles are proposed as ligands for c-MYC and telomeric G-quadruplex structures.
Broad color tuning and Eu3+-related photoemission enhancement via controllable energy transfer in the La2MgGeO6:Eu3+,Bi3+ phosphor
Authors: Xie Wei , Mo Youwei , Zou Changwei , Kang Fengwen , Sun Guohuan
Published: March 2018

Herein, we provide the new UV converted tunable phosphors and increase the emission intensity via a controllable energy transfer.
Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of functionalized graphene quantum dots with diverse fluorescence characteristics
Authors: Chhabra Varun A. , Kaur Rajnish , Kumar Naveen , Deep Akash , Rajesh Changanamkandath , Kim Ki-Hyun
Published: March 2018

In this research, we report a facile method for synthesizing a series of carboxyl functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using graphite flakes (300 meshes) as raw material.
Facile synthesis of hierarchically porous carbonaceous materials derived from olefin/aldehyde precursors using silica as templates
Authors: Zeng Shangjing , Liu Shijun , Qi Yanlong , Cui Long , Dai Quanquan , Bai Chenxi
Published: March 2018

This work presents a novel procedure to synthesize hierarchically porous carbonaceous materials by coke formation.
Cation-induced folding of alginate-bearing bilayer gels: an unusual example of spontaneous folding along the long axis
Authors: Athas Jasmin C. , Nguyen Catherine P. , Kummar Shailaa , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: March 2018

A class of gels are shown to fold when Ca2+ is added; surprisingly, the gel sheets fold along their long side.
Metal nanoparticle loading of gel-brush grafted polymer fibers in membranes for catalysis
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Kaihuan , Li Weiya , Ma Jinghong , Vancso G. Julius
Published: March 2018

We report on the preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of microporous membranes featuring palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs).
Largely enhanced energy storage density of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites based on surface hydroxylation of boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Wu Lingyu , Wu Kai , Liu Dingyao , Huang Rui , Huo Jinlei , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang
Published: March 2018

PVDF/OH-BNNS nanocomposites show improved dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties through cooperation with surface hydroxylated BNNSs.
A universal top-down approach toward thickness-controllable perovskite single-crystalline thin films
Authors: Lv Qianrui , Lian Zhipeng , He Wenhui , Sun Jia-Lin , Li Qiang , Yan Qingfeng
Published: March 2018

A facile and general top-down strategy to fabricate hybrid perovskite single-crystalline film from its bulk single crystal is developed.
Lead-free MnTe mid-temperature thermoelectric materials: facile synthesis, p-type doping and transport properties
Authors: Dong Jinfeng , Wu Chao-Feng , Pei Jun , Sun Fu-Hua , Pan Yu , Zhang Bo-Ping , Tang Huaichao , Li Jing-Feng
Published: March 2018

This work reveals the effectiveness of sodium doping in MnTe as a thermoelectric material fabricated by a facile method.
Les niveaux de référence diagnostiques en France : une perception contrastée face à un dispositif perfectible mais efficace
Authors: Roch P. , Célier D. , Dessaud C. , Etard C.
Published: March 2018

Les niveaux de référence diagnostiques (NRD), introduits par la CIPR au début des années 1990, sont destinés à aider les professionnels de l’imagerie médicale à évaluer leurs pratiques et à optimiser les doses délivrées aux patients. Établis en France depuis 2004, initialement sur la base des recommandations européennes, les NRD sont mis à jour régulièrement par les autorités. Ces dernières s’appuient sur les résultats d’analyses nationales conduites par l’Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), à qui a été confiée la responsabilité du recueil et de l’analyse des données de doses délivrées dans les établissements d’imagerie. Après cinq rapports d’analyse de l’IRSN, une révision de la réglementation en 2011, et à l’aube d’une nouvelle mise à jour en 2018, la France dispose d’un recul important sur les forces et les faiblesses du dispositif instauré en 2004. L’appropriation des NRD par les professionnels et l’adéquation des NRD avec la pratique clinique sont indiscutablement les deux pierres d’achoppement auxquelles sociétés savantes et institutions sont confrontées. Ce travail propose donc de dresser un bilan des réussites et des lacunes du dispositif des NRD français, et de présenter ses prochaines évolutions qui vont fournir aux professionnels un outil amélioré et actualisé pour les aider à optimiser les doses délivrées aux patients.
Remarkable Diastereoselectivity of the Thia-Michael Reaction on α,α′-Di[(E)-benzylidene]alkanones: Exclusive Formation of a meso Product
Authors: Guha Chayan , Sepay Nayim , Halder Tapas , Mallik Asok
Published: March 2018

Thia-Michael addition of thiophenol to α,α′-di[(E)-benzyl­idene]alkanones of both cyclic (six-membered) and acyclic varieties using anhydrous K2CO3 or amberlyst-15 as catalyst has been found to be highly diastereoselective at 15 °C. A one-pot protocol was developed for such reactions by a tandem aldol-thia-Michael process. The stereochemistry of the products was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies and in all cases formation of a meso product was observed.
A New Simple Procedure for the Synthesis of Heptamethyl Cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptacarboxylate
Authors: Belyy Alexander , Platonov Dmitry , Salikov Rinat , Levina Anastasiya , Tomilov Yury
Published: March 2018

A new and simple procedure for the synthesis of heptamethyl cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptacarboxylate in a 51% yield is presented. An optimization of the reaction conditions was performed, and a convenient protocol for the isolation of the reaction product was developed. The structure of the key electrophilic intermediate was determined by means of NMR spectroscopy, and a plausible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Cyclooxigenaseinhibitoren bei kardiovaskulärem und renalem Risiko Eine Risikostratefizierung
Authors: Herdegen T.
Published: March 2018

Cyclooxygenaseinhibitoren (Cox-I, synonym NSAR) können die Nierenfunktion verschlechtern und kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse auslösen. Diese Risiken lassen sich reduzieren. Zu beachten sind die GFR, Oligurie und Zeichen einer Vorlasterhöhung. Bei Exsikkose und Volumenmangel sollten Cox-I nicht verordnet werden. Die renal bedingte Vorlasterhöhung trägt auch zur Dekompensation einer Herzinsuffizienz bei. Um kardiale thromboembolische Ereignisse zu vermeiden, ist die Gerinnungshemmung sicherzustellen, besonders die Therapieadhärenz von ASS oder von ADP-R-Antagonisten. Alle Cox-I haben prinzipiell ein ähnliches renales und kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Eine Priorisierung von Naproxen bei kardialem Risiko ist fraglich (unklare kardiale Sicherheit, gastrointestinale Blutungen). Präferenzielle bzw. selektive Cox-2-Inhibitoren (z. B. Diclofenac bzw. Etoricoxib) haben bei guter analgetischer und antiinflammatorischer
Wirkung keine substanziellen Nachteile verglichen mit Ibuprofen. Coxibe sind bei hohem gastrointestinalem Risiko Mittel der Wahl (wegen der langen Halbwertszeit entsprechend ihrer Zulassung), bei Etoricoxib ist auf die renale Funktionseinschränkung zu achten.
Association of Factor V Leiden Mutation with Delayed Graft Function, Acute Rejection Episodes and Long-term Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Slowinski Torsten , Hauser Ingeborg , Vetter Birgit , Fritsche Lutz , Bachert Daniela , Kulozik Andreas , Neumayer Hans-H. , Hocher Berthold
Published: March 2018

We analysed whether the factor V Leiden mutation – the most common hereditary predisposing factor for venous thrombosis – is associated with early and long-term graft dysfunction after kidney transplantation in 394 Caucasian kidney transplant recipients. The presence of factor V Leiden mutation was identified by allele specific PCR. The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation was compared to 32216 unselected neonates. The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation (GA genotype) was similar in 394 kidney transplant recipients and 32216 neonates. The frequency of known factors predicting long-term graft function were similar in patients with the GA genotype and with the normal factor V gene (GG genotype). The GA genotype was associated with the occurrence of no primary graft function (risk: 2.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-8.26; p < 0.05), the number of dialysis after transplantation in patients with no primary graft function until graft function (7.5 ± 2.06 dialysis in GA patients; 4.2 ± 0.36 dialyses in GG patients; p < 0.05), and the risk for at least one acute rejection episode (risk: 3.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.38-10.59; p < 0.02). The slope of 1/creatinine per year was significantly lower in patients with the GA genotype (GA patients: – 0.0204 ± 0.008 dl/mg per year; GG patients: 0.0104 ± 0.004 dl/mg per year; p < 0.02). The annual enhancement of the daily protein excretion rate was elevated in patients with the GA genotype (GA patients: 38.5 ± 16.6 mg/24 h per year; GG patients: 4.9 ± 4.4 mg/24 h per year; p < 0.02). Our study showed that the factor V Leiden mutation is associated with the occurrence of delayed graft function, acute rejection episodes and chronic graft dysfunction after kidney transplantation.
The Factor VIII/Von Willebrand Factor Ratio Discriminates between Reduced Synthesis and Increased Clearance of Von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Kamphuisen Pieter , Rosendaal Frits , Bertina Rogier , Eikenboom Jeroen
Published: March 2018

It is often stated that a decrease in Von Willebrand factor (VWF), the carrier protein of factor VIII, results in a concordant change in factor VIII. Clinical data suggest that this is not always the case and we hypothesized that the ratio between factor VIII and VWF depends on the genetic defect that causes the VWF deficiency. We have analyzed the ratio between plasma factor VIII and VWF in several subtypes of Von Willebrand Disease and we show that the ratio is increased when VWF synthesis is reduced, but that the ratio remains one when VWF clearance is increased. These observations could be of clinical importance as an increased factor VIII/VWF ratio in combination with a borderline VWF level may indicate the presence of a true genetic defect, possibly a VWF null allele.