bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A first-order lumped parameters model of electrohydraulic actuators for low-inertia rotating systems with dry friction
Authors: Dalla Vedova M D L , Maggiore P , Berri P C , Acquaviva F
Published: September 2020

In aerospace engineering, there are several control systems affected by dry friction, which are characterized by low inertia and high working frequencies. For these systems, it is possible to use a downgraded, first-order dynamic model to represent their behaviour properly without run into numerical problems that would be harmful for the solution itself and would require high computational power to be solved, which means more weight, costs, and complexity. Yet, the effect of dry friction is still possible to be accounted for accurately using a new algorithm based on the Coulomb friction model applied to the downgraded, first-order dynamic model. In this paper, the degraded first-order model is applied to an electrohydraulic servomechanism with its PID control unit, hydraulic motor, electrohydraulic servo-valve, and applied load. These components represent a classic airplane actuator system. The downgraded model will be compared to the second-order one focusing on the pros and cons of the reduction process with a focus on the effect of dry friction for reversible and irreversible actuators.
A Soft Target Risk Application and Threat Analysis Methodology at the Faculty of Applied Informatics in Zlín
Authors: Cajkova Nikola
Published: September 2020

This article is focused on Soft Target Risk and Threat Analysis methodology - and especially on its application at the Faculty of Applied Informatics in Zlín (as a Soft Target). The modern world faces many security problems - and terrorism is one of the biggest. Terrorism became an issue known to the general public due to an attack in the United States on September 11, 2001, also referred to as 9/11. And since then many things have changed. In order to avoid, anticipate and analyse terrorist attacks, several methodologies have been developed, like the Soft Target Risk and Threat Analysis methodology. Each methodology is different, and the advantage of the methodology presented in this article is the consideration of time and space.
Formal verification of Cloud Sisal programs
Authors: Kasyanov Victor N. , Kasyanova Elena V. , Kondratyev Dmitry A.
Published: September 2020

A cloud parallel programming system CPPS which is under development at the A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems is aimed to support the development, verification and debugging of Cloud Sisal programs and their correct conversion into the efficient code of parallel computing systems for its execution in clouds. In this paper, the methods and subsystems of CPPS intended for formal verification of Cloud Sisal programs are described.
Intelligent Constructing Optimal Airline Seat Protection Levels for Multiple Nested Fare Classes of Single-Leg Flights
Authors: Nechval N. A. , Berzins G. , Nechval K. N. , Danovics V.
Published: September 2020

Airlines sell the same seat at different prices according to the time at which the reservation is made and other conditions. Thus the same seat can be sold at different prices. The problem is to find an optimal policy that maximizes total expected revenue. In this paper, a new intelligent technique of constructing optimal airline seat protection levels for multiple nested fare classes of single-leg flights is proposed. A number of results useful for practical applications are obtained. An illustrative example is given.
Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Muon detection in WCD tank
Authors: González B.S. , Conceição R. , Tomé B. , Pimenta M. , Herrera L.J. , Guillen A.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of improving the gamma/hadron discrimination in extensive air showers. For this purpose, the identification of hadronic extensive air showers is carried out by means of the detection of muons in water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs). Machine learning algorithms have proven to be useful in a wide variety of fields, and due to their outstanding performance in problems involving complex data, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been used in the analysis of the signals measured by the WCDs. Taking simulated events, different approaches were proposed attending to the balance of the classes in the training stage. The results obtained are promising and show that machine learning algorithms provide a powerful tool for muon detection and gamma/hadron discrimination to be considered in future gamma-rays detectors like The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) to be built in South America.
Comparison between Sound Pressure Levels and Perception: a Soundscape Application in a University Campus
Authors: Mascolo A , Mancini S , Graziuso G , Quartieri J , Guarnaccia C
Published: September 2020

The assessment and control of acoustic noise in every place in which humans live is usually performed measuring the sound pressure levels and comparing these results with the thresholds defined by regulations. The latest approaches include the possibility to consider the subjective perception of sounds, using the so-called “soundscape” approach. In this paper the authors present a practical application of this approach performed in the Campus of Fisciano, University of Salerno (Italy), with the aim to compare the physical parameters, obtained by measuring the sound level, and the psychoacoustics one, acquired by administering questionnaires to a group of students during a soundwalk. Results will show that the higher sound pressure levels will not always correspond to the more annoying places. In particular, the main park of the University campus will present a positive soundscape, even though noise from the nearby highway will be highly present. Similar conditions will occur in vibrant areas of the campus, in which the interviews will highlight a good perception of the soundscape, even with quite high sound pressure levels.
An analysis of the noise pollution influence on the housing prices in the central area of the city of Bari
Authors: Morano P , Guarnaccia C , Tajani F , Di Liddo F , Anelli D
Published: September 2020

With reference to the European goals concerning the noise pollution control, the present research aims at verifying the existence and, eventually, determining the influence level of the acoustic component on the selling prices in the residential segment. The analysis has been contextualized to the city of Bari (Southern Italy) and the study sample concerns one-hundred residential units recently sold, for which the main influencing factors in the selling price formation processes have been identified. The implemented methodological tool is a data-driven technique, that employs a genetic algorithm to identify the functional relationships among the considered variables. The application to the case study has allowed the identification of a model characterized by good statistical accuracy and an algebraic form of simple interpretation, which denotes an appreciable contribution of the noise pollution factor on the housing prices.
Temporal correlations in an urban noise monitoring network
Authors: Benocci Roberto , Eduardo Roman H. , Confalonieri Chiara , Zambon Giovanni
Published: September 2020

DYNAMAP, a European Life project, provides a real-time image of the noise generated by vehicular traffic in urban and suburban areas, developing a dynamic acoustic map based on a limited number of low-cost permanent noise monitoring stations. Traffic noise data within a urban pilot area (Area 9 of Milan), collected by 24 monitoring sensors, are used to build-up a “real time” noise map. DYNAMAP is based on a statistical approach implying that information captured by each sensor must be representative of an extended area, and simultaneously uncorrelated from that of other stations. The study of the correlations among the sensors represents a further contribution in refining the sampling network design.
Evaluation of Single Vehicle Noise Emission in Different Speed Conditions
Authors: Graziuso G , Mancini S , Quartieri J , Guarnaccia C
Published: September 2020

Because of the increase of vehicles number, the evaluation and monitoring of road traffic noise assume a significant role for decreasing risks for human health and managing environmental pollution in urban areas. Noise measurements cannot be performed everywhere, or even in a large number of sites, because of high costs and time consumption. For this reasons, Road Traffic Noise predictive Models (RTNMs) can be implemented to estimate the noise levels, knowing certain parameters needed as input. This paper describes the comparison of the results, in terms of sound power level emitted by a single vehicle, obtained with the application of some Emission Models (EMs) to different simulations of driving conditions. After a preliminary comparison between the models, the evaluation of two indicators, namely the average and total source power level, will be discussed in relation to different conditions of the vehicle kinematics.
Homogeneous problems of elasticity theory for different boundary conditions in the region of the angular cut of the boundary
Authors: Frishter L Yu , Petrov I Yu
Published: September 2020

Mathematical modeling of structures as complicated technical systems includes development of an experimental calculation method of problem solving for areas having different variants of structural shaping (special lines and points, e.g., reentering angles). The notion of stress concentration in an irregular point of the area boundary is losing its sense. Infinite stress and strain are determined in the area of the angular cut of the boundary as solution of homogeneous boundary problems. The singularity of a problem solution depends upon the type of homogeneous boundary conditions, mechanical specifications of the areas, apex angles of the boundary cut. The studies of power-mode strain and stress get especially vital during studies of the stress of multi-part structures in the areas of conjunction of elements made of materials with different mechanical properties in forced deflected mode with ruptural deformation along the contact line (surface) of the elements. The present paper reports on statements of homogeneous boundary problems for different types of homogeneous boundary conditions for a flat wedge-shaped area. A system determinant for determining of proper values is indicated, as well as proprietary solutions of the problem for different variants of the component areas of the wedge, mechanical properties and the cutout opening of the areas boundary.
Autonomous reserve housing in the aquatic environment: designing a self-sustainable floating module
Authors: Kizilova S A
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the study of design aspects of the innovative housing of the future: an autonomous reserve floating module. The leading approach to the study is the analysis of implemented and conceptual precedents and experimental modeling. The analysis of precedents revealed the main parameters that an autonomous floating home in the aquatic environment should possess. The identified parameters affect the structure of the dwelling at three levels: layout, operational and technological infill, and the outer shell of the building. The layout parameters are flexibility, versatility, transformability. Operational and technological parameters are the production of resources, water purification, recycling, computerization of production and tracking systems. Shell parameters are: sealed, capsular, biomorphic. The identified parameters were combined within the experimental design model, which can be implemented at the present stage of the development of society. The experimental model has an additional parameter: the ability to connect individual modules into an autonomous network. The research material may be useful for theoretical and practical developments in the field of designing autonomous dwellings for extreme environments.
Strength indices of sand reinforced by foamed bitumen
Authors: Rudgalskiy D , Chusov V , Aleksandrov A
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the article is to determine the dependence of the parameters, the strength of sand reinforced by foamed bitumen on the content of organic binder. Tests were carried out by uniaxial compression using a measuring and computing complex. As a result, the ultimate compressive strength and the parameters of shear resistance are determined. To determine the angle of internal friction by uniaxial compression, a new technique is proposed, based on measuring the angle of inclination of the shear area to the main axes. According to the experimental work, mathematical models of the dependence of strength indicators from the content of organic binder in the Irtysh sand have been developed.
Structure and properties of recycled concrete aggregate
Authors: Larsen O A , Komoleva I V , Tobolev P D , Naruts V V , Badamshin S O
Published: September 2020

The problem of waste reuse from building industry is acute around the civilized world. The construction of infrastructure in large cities increases the amount of building waste. This study presents the possibility of using concrete waste of residential buildings included in the renovation program of the Moscow. The use of recycled aggregates obtained from demolished concrete allows saving the content of natural aggregates in concrete and significantly reducing the amount of waste that pollutes the environment. Their use is possible in structures with the proper concrete mix content with maintenance of the same properties. Recycled concrete aggregates differ from natural aggregates as the former aggregate contain adhered mortar. The content of the adhered mortar in coarse recycled concrete aggregate was determined on fraction of 5-10 mm. In this study, limestone aggregate was used as initial in structure of recycled concrete aggregate. The quantitative content of crushed concrete components was carried out using quantitative analysis. The main characteristics including specific gravity and water absorption of recycled aggregate were determined. The specific gravity and density of aggregate were 2.59 g/cm3 and 1.9 g/cm3, respectively. The water absorption and mortar content were 3.8% and 39.9%, respectively.
Long-term durability of concrete structures
Authors: Berlinov M , Berlinova M
Published: September 2020

The issue of long-term strength of concrete in construction structures is considered, taking into account the features of concrete structure and the impact on the durability of concrete and force resistance to deformation and destruction. An approach to assessing the long-term strength of concrete as a thermodynamic system has been proposed. The effect of the growth of concrete strength at an early age when firming it in different temperature and humid conditions is shown to change the initial module of concrete deformations in time due to the physical and chemical reaction of hardening. The article proposes an approach to building the functions of aging concrete based on the cynetics of the physical and chemical reaction of cement hydration in a concrete mixture using its stehometry. The form of aging functions is presented using the analysis of the chemical reactions of cement hydration in concrete.
Behavior of solutions of an acoustic wave diffraction problem on a set of small obstacles
Authors: Bobyleva T , Shamaev A
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the problem of diffraction of an acoustic wave by a multitude of obstacles (or cavities) enclosed in a finite subdomain of a homogeneous material domain. It is assumed that the distance between obstacles (cavities) is much greater than the size of each obstacle (cavity). Conditions are indicated under which the total influence of obstacles on the transmitted wave is expressed as an additional term of the potential type in the wave equation. Conditions at the boundary of the cavities are accepted as boundary conditions of the third kind. The results of the work can be used in the development of non-destructive testing procedures.
Concrete prestressed poles in the high voltage lines
Authors: Michałek J
Published: September 2020

In the paper the structure of Polish post-tensioned concrete poles used in 1950s and 60s for construction of overhead power lines of 110 kV voltage was described. Short description of precast concrete columns and their foundations are given with respect to technical solutions and durability. The conclusions drawn from long-term exploitation and maintenance were given on the basis of actual and contemporary Codes of Practice. On the background of these solutions modern post-tensioned spun concrete poles were presented as attractive alternative in terms of their economical efficiency.
Assessment of the influence of surrounding buildings on the wind impact on a high-rise residential complex
Authors: Churin P S , Fedosova A N , Gribach J S
Published: September 2020

The paper considers the objects of a point structure in the study of wind effects on built construction objects. According to the presented algorithm, an experimental study of the wind effect in a wind tunnel designed in the city of Moscow was performed. The study was conducted taking into account the environmental impact. The result of the work is a comparative analysis of data on wind exposure.
Calculation of bridge piled foundations
Authors: Kalachuk T G , Chernysh A S , Shirina N V
Published: September 2020

Calculation of piled foundations and their beds is carried out according to two groups of limit states. The design of the piled foundation is selected based on the specific conditions of the building site, which are characterized by engineering survey data, constructional aspects of the designed facilities, and design loads acting on the foundation. The paper provides recommendations on calculating the bearing capacity of piled foundation of bridges supported on non-rocky soil, as well as embedded in rocky soil using the values of the reliability coefficient, provided that it is determined by the results of static load tests. Consideration of these recommendations will make it possible to exclude the adoption of excessively complicated solutions for foundations and construction operations, as well as unjustified rise in the cost of construction.
The use of in-floor convectors in rooms with a large glazing area
Authors: Pukhkal V
Published: September 2020

To prevent the flow of downward cold air from translucent structures into the served area of the room, convectors with natural and forced convection are used, which are built into the floor structure. An analysis of the requirements of manufacturers of convectors with natural convection for the placement of heating elements in the body and the distance from the glazing to the convector showed their inconsistency. A test bench was made for the study of heating systems with in-floor convectors with natural convection. The heat flow of the convector KRKD 43.14.150 (Izotherm LLC, Russia) was studied with various options for the location of the heating element in the installation box: from the side of the room close to the box wall; from the side of the glazing close to the wall of the box; placement of the heating element in the center of the box. The studies were performed at various distances from the glazing to the convector. The test data of the convector “Gulfstream” KRK 20.11.150 (Izotherm LLC) with natural convection with different placement of the heating element, performed by the HLK Stuttgart Institute (Germany), are presented. The simulation of the test chamber and convector was performed using the Axis Engineering FloEFD software package. The conditions for the use of in-floor convectors with natural air circulation are determined.
Accumulated material, workmanship and design errors in the unstable, prefabricated reinforced concrete cylindrical tank
Authors: Maj M
Published: September 2020

There are complex reasons for the failure of prefabricated reinforced concrete material. Those are errors related to putting the concrete structure up, insufficient supervision of material checkup during construction works, design errors, inappropriate usage of other building materials, and in particular mistakes made while linking material elements that do not allow for the complete connection of all individual parts into one monolithic as a whole block. In the case of the biological gas tanks presented in the submitted paper, the following methods applied for measuring the width of prefabricated concrete slabs joints did not prevent the contractor from committing major errors in material resulting in significant imperfections of the tank walls. As a result, the presented tank, which maintains stability for smaller diameters; for large diameters becomes a buckling-sensitive structure. Poorly made joints become places of the buckling wave initiation and drastically reduce critical force. Repeated failures of the same tank with constantly increasing discipline of the facility construction has confirmed low resistance of the tank to the second-order effects, which is strictly related to the usage of the bad material, characterized in detail in the research paper.
Static Load Test interpretation methods of pile base capacity approximation for design of wind turbine deep foundation
Authors: Baca M
Published: September 2020

The bearing capacity of a pile is mainly assessed from a static load test, which is widely considered as the most reliable method of pile testing. The test provides important information about pile behaviour in a subsoil, but often for more precise data it should be performed on additionally instrumented piles. With specially prepared pipe piles static load tests can be performed with a load applied only to a pile base. The results of this test allow on an evaluation only of pile base bearing capacity, although it often requires an application of some of the methods dedicated to analyse the static load test results. In paper some of the methods for evaluation bearing capacity of a pile from a static load test are introduced. Evaluation of pile base bearing capacity by different methods was compared using results of static load tests with a load applied only to the pile base. A discussion of results and future recommendations were also presented.
Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for selection of phase change materials for solar energy storage applications
Authors: Amer A E , Rahmani K , Lebedev V A
Published: September 2020

Selection of a suitable phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage systems is important. There are an enormous number of available PCM and hence choosing a particular PCM for a certain application is difficult. Many researchers rely on their expertise or the material available to use PCM for a specific application. The purpose of the selection of a certain PCM is to choose the best material from the commercially available PCM for a given application. An effective evaluation approach is essential to enhance the quality of the decisions. The issue of choosing a material for different applications can be managed as a multi-criteria decision-making issue. In this paper, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to select between five PCM for solar heating systems considering both the technical specification and the criteria of the materials. The selected materials have a melting temperature in the required working temperature range. Seven criteria are used in this study and these include the latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity of the material, specific heat, density, thermal stability, cost, and corrosion. The results show that the paraffin is the best material from the selected PCM using the AHP method for this solar heating system using all known thermo-physical properties and the weights of these criteria to achieve the objective.
Energy Visions 2035 for Syria
Authors: Jamil A Al , Sidorenko G I
Published: September 2020

The Syria’s energy sector will face major challenges in the coming decades. Demand for primary energy is continuously increasing to 23 Mtoe in 2008 and then is decreasing to 8.9 Mtoe in 2017. The limited resources and supply uncertainty of especially oil and gas will lead to increasing price instability. Electricity consumption is changing similarly and amounted to 15 TWh in 2017. Syrian power plants generate electricity at 17.5 TWh using mostly traditional fuels. One of the important challenges for Syria is restricting access to the required amount of traditional fuels. The optimistic estimate of the gross and technical potential of wind energy over the territory of Syria is obtained. The paper estimates the technical potential at 490 TWh per year, which exceeds the maximum electricity consumption by almost 12 times. The gross and technical solar energy is determined. Scenarios of the growth of electricity consumption and its cover through the use of various energy sources are simulated. For each scenario, carbon dioxide emissions estimates for Syria were obtained. The most rational scenario for the development of Syria’s energy sector was found. The results show that Syria has huge potentials of renewable energies (solar and wind energy in the first place) and that the exploitation of these sources can solve energy problems in Syria.
Management of the digital transformation of the electricity sector
Authors: Morkovkin D E , Lopatkin D S , Gibadullin A A , Starovoitov V G , Gavrilin A V , Sadriddinov M I
Published: September 2020

The presented study analyzes the existing methods of non-destructive testing of elements of the electric power system, which are currently used in the electric power industry. It was proved in the work that the developed methods for assessing the monitoring of the state of electric power infrastructure facilities should be applied taking into account modern technologies. The work revealed that digital technologies, namely unmanned aerial vehicles, are used in everyday life and industry. In this regard, the study suggested the need to use this method in the electric power industry. Unmanned aerial vehicles must be equipped with video cameras and thermal imagers, so that it will be possible to carry out optical and thermal monitoring of the state of the elements of the electric power system.
Creation of an autonomous energy supply system for isolated territories
Authors: Gibadullin A A , Morkovkin D E , Milonova M V , Progunova L V , Isaichykova N A
Published: September 2020

In the presented study, existing design solutions for providing energy supply to various territories were analyzed. In the work, the volumes of electric energy production based on the use of renewable energy sources in different countries of the world were investigated, as a result of which, it was revealed that in some countries, this indicator reaches 50%. However, renewable energy sources are almost not used to provide thermal energy to consumers. As a result, it was proposed to use a design solution aimed at providing hot water supply to rural, remote and isolated territories.
Renewable energy in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region
Authors: Kalchenko O A , Evseeva S A , Evseeva O A
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the topic of the most current interests - renewable energy development. Alternative sources of energy play an increasingly significant role in the development of the whole energy power use in different countries. Russia is more and more focusing on this field to decrease in energy consumption and the mutual penetration of natural and technological components. The current instruments of support in the field of renewable energy are presented on the level of the Russian Federation as well as on the chosen regions - Saint Petersburg and Leningrad region. The paper observes the Governmental program for support of the development of renewable energy in Russia. The information about types of the alternative sources of energy that are more used in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region is summed up. Best practice in current cases of acting projects on the territory of the chosen regions is accumulated. It was concluded that the most efficient way to use alternative sources is in its combination, but not individually.
The value creation chain: diagnostic restrictions and challenges
Authors: Mogilko D , Iliashenko O , Ilin I , Iliashenko V
Published: September 2020

The article presents an approach to diagnosing constraints in the operating value chain. The presented approach is based on the requirements and recommendations of quality standards for the application of the process approach. Based on the definition of the value stream, an optimization problem is formulated: increasing the stream value of products and services through improving the properties of the main processes, taking into account the resource limitations of the organization. The method of constraint analysis is applied to the formulated optimization problem, three types of constraints of the operating value chain are considered - in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and resource intensity. Diagnostics of the restriction of the flow of value was carried out using the methodology for assessing customer satisfaction. This made it possible to formulate an integral satisfaction rating for the value chain based on the estimates of its constituent operations according to the criteria of “Importance” and “Satisfaction”, as well as the “critical” parameter of the operation-restriction through the description of the process model and the formation of score scales for certain process parameters. The results of expert evaluations will help to form clusters of stakeholder’s opinions, which will help in initiating and managing improvement projects. The proposed approach to the diagnosis of restrictions on the flow of value of products and services can be applied to various industries and services: construction, energy, medicine, transport logistics, etc.
Basic methodology in construction of vertical gardening of a building
Authors: Ivanova N , Ganzha O , Podkovyrov I
Published: September 2020

The research covers basic procedure of the formation of a model of vertical gardening of buildings within the concept of landscape gardening, ecology of vertical gardening, green construction technologies and measures to improve the energy performance of buildings. The “objective tree” is set; it determines the current trends of development of green panes. The content of the landscape-ecological “green constructor” of plant selection is set, in order to ensure the comfort of the living environment, the formation of the biodiversity of the urbanized environment, and the resolution of the socio-ecological problems of the city and agricultural issues. For the first time, a selection procedure for vertical gardening is offered. Architectural and landscape solutions for improving the environment with green panes in the city of Volgograd are presented. The work uses multivariate landscape-ecological analysis; simulation method and experimental design of a green pane in in the city of Volgograd. The developed methodology of landscape-ecological construction of green panes allows using these ideas in domestic and foreign construction in similar environmental conditions. New landscape solutions are presented. They increase the potential of energy-saving technologies of buildings in the formation of vertical gardening, including issues of improving comfort, health and safety of people.
Development of a laboratory installation of a digital measuring system for visualization of internal pipeline processes
Authors: Petrov A , Popov A , Molotok A
Published: September 2020

The article describes the tendency of the Russian thermal power complex to structure and visualize methods for calculating thermal processes inside the pipeline using digital technologies such as Big Data and Computer Vision. It is concluded that the next step in the development of pipeline measurement systems is to increase the degree of multi-functionality and versatility of measuring devices, as well as that at present principles of building and implementing AIS, are being rethought taking into account the latest achievements in IT. The article also describes planned to create a laboratory facility that will be used for the viability of the concept of an automated information system, data collection, testing of mathematical models, and creating software to improve the efficiency of functioning. The main features are the visualization of processes occurring in the pipeline systems of the oil and gas complex and housing and communal services.
Refined assessment of the state of the power system for its effective management
Authors: Bodrenkov E A , Korovkin N V
Published: September 2020

The technique of assessing the state of the power network with two independent nodes of the radial and magistral structure is given. The advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with numerical methods are the efficiency of calculations. The theoretical significance lies in the possibility of expanding the presented approach on networks with a large number of independent nodes. Practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained to calculate the parameters of the electric network during its preliminary decomposition. The obtained formulas are tested on models of the electric network of the radial and magistral configuration.
Statistical data representation in the context of increasing construction efficiency
Authors: Gazin A , Ivanov A , Malygin A , Isaeva A
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the paper is the development of new statistical tests and new forms of their representation which add classic tests and classic form of their description. The development of new building materials requires several years and is quite expensive. Builders cannot enter the market and recoup their investments because of the need to test a new matter for sufficiently large samples of buildings. The tests in terms of time and cost resources can be comparable to the ones for development of a new substance. Thus, the experiments can be very expensive, which makes it difficult to quickly get enough statistical data to increase construction efficiency. That is why it is important to develop new statistical tests and new forms of their representation. It is shown that the spectrum of a geometric mean molecule has a smaller number of spectral lines for small samples of biometric data as compared with the molecule of chi-square criterion. In addition, the probability amplitudes of the spectral components of a geometric mean molecule have a close to normal distribution. This advisably distinguishes the geometric mean molecule from the chi-square molecule. The criterion for the geometric mean of small samples has greater power as compared with the chi-square criterion. In order to increase the accuracy of statistical analysis of small samples, it is necessary to extend a variety of statistical criteria both in the usual continuous representation of their states, and in the analysis of their discrete spectra of the probability amplitudes. To increase the efficiency of the construction sector, it is necessary to transfer to the use of deep neural networks that analyze dozens of new and old statistical criteria, their equivalent neurons and equivalent artificial molecules. Technological capabilities for creating these structures already exist today.
Energy modeling and quality management systems in high-rise construction
Authors: Kazaryan R , Pogodin D , Galaeva N , Avetisyan R
Published: September 2020

Currently, there was a contradiction between practice that recognizes the objective need for a periodic assessment of the efficiency of the quality management system in the organizational structures of construction companies and the state of the scientific and methodological base for resolving these issues. International experience in the implementation of objects using 3D printing technology was studied. Issues of energy modeling are also discussed in the paper. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods in the manufacture of building structures by the layered method are revealed. The technology of layer-by-layer construction of high-rise buildings will provide a solution to affordable housing issues, as well as quick restoration of houses in case of natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, fires and other emergencies). The need has arisen for creating an automated system for choosing rational organizational and technological solutions based on modern design technologies. The most crucial factor in the modeling of key performance indicators of the system-target approach to estimation of the sustainability level of net assets on the basis of IPSAS is a multicriterial evaluation of the basic management strategy for quality system elements used in operational and strategic planning projects in construction operations.
Study of steel part hardening coating microstructure
Authors: Ishkov A , Malikov V
Published: September 2020

The article describes the research results of hardening coatings obtained by induction surfacing of hard alloy with various base materials and the coating itself. Information is given on measurements of the hardness of the resulting coatings and the microhardness of various phases of the coating. Macrophotographs of coatings obtained by various methods are presented, and various phases in the resulting coating are isolated. Conclusions are made concerning the potential wear resistance of the obtained coatings.
Assessment of quality of products from polymer materials for machine-building purposes
Authors: Gramakov D , Larchenko A , Filippenko N , Livshits A , Bakanin D , Bychkovskiy V , Butorin D
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the results of research of the contact method of volumetric temperature control of a polymer sample. The scheme of thermocouples (TC) location in a polymer sample, finite-element model and general mathematical model for calculating the influence of the quantity of thermocouples on heating samples at high-frequency processing are constructed. Comparative analysis of the obtained results was conducted.
Experimental determination of elastic properties of the loose materials in the field of high pressures after heating
Authors: Elovenko D , Kräusel V
Published: September 2020

This article presents a physical study of materials’ elastic response (asbestos, slag microspheres, fireclay and corundum powders) at the pressure up to 70 MPa. The research is carried out after heating the samples up to 500 °C and exposure to crimping pressure up to 105 MPa. The graphical dependencies are given for each materials of relative strain from the pressure level. The original research technique of elastic response for materials samples having a loose aggregate state is proposed in laboratory. This technique is based on the use of a special laboratory equipment relatively simple and efficient design which combines power and measurement components. A detailed description of the scheme and principle of operation equipment is given. The calibration of dynamometer component of the special equipment is carried out and graphs of its work are presented. A technique for calculating the elastic moduli of material samples is proposed. The elastic moduli and the relative residual deformation of the material samples are determined. The ability of materials to preserve their loose properties are studied (dismantling ability). The conclusion about the possibility of using materials in the housing of pressure vessels is made as a means of protecting their load-bearing structural elements from unwanted heating and reducing in their strength characteristics.
Ecologically pure gypsum composites modified by microfillers
Authors: Petropavlovskaya V , Novichenkova T , Petropavlovskii K , Zavadko M
Published: September 2020

The use of micro-fillers in order to reduce the weight of gypsum products and at the same time increase their operational properties is a problem that today requires an urgent solution. The study of the effect of modifying micro-fillers on the properties of gypsum stone allows increasing the competitiveness of many modern innovative products and improving their quality. The inclusion of a ceramic component in the gypsum binder foam raw material mixture affects the properties of the modified composite structure. The optimal values of the content of foam additives and water for mixing gypsum binder are determined. The structure, technical characteristics of composites, and their quality are primarily provided by the addition of ceramic foam. However, it allows adjusting the optimal water content of the raw mixes. Micro-fillers can, apparently, be considered as an effective additive for obtaining bulk products for internal work, as well as for gypsum casting.
Analysis of materials for elaboration of national products
Authors: Ternovskov V B , Rodionov A S , Danilina M V , Pimenov N A , Romanchenko L N , Yarkin V V
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes the information about the developed, introduced, industrially mastered domestic composite materials on domestic raw materials according to the developed technologies for their production and application in industry, which allows recommending these developments as import substitution of dishes used by Russian manufacturers with non-stick coating of composite materials. The reducing of the dependence of the imported raw materials and components is not just a slogan. It is the prospect of using PTFE in dispersion-filled coatings due to a number of its unique properties: an abnormally low friction coefficient among structural materials (0.04-0.05 for steel without lubrication); high temperature resistance (decomposition onset temperature 418 ° C); high chemical stability (reacts only with melts of alkali metals, elemental fluorine at high temperatures); possesses excellent insulating properties. Based on the data on the Russian-made fluoroplast containing materials and coatings for various operational purposes created and introduced into production, it can be confidently stated: each of the developments individually and in the complex is import-substituting for technological, technical and quality indicators performed on domestic raw materials.
Determination of nano characteristics of strength of materials based on the multilevel model of time dependences of acoustic emission parameters
Authors: Nosov V V , Peretyatko S A , Artyushchenko A P
Published: September 2020

While manufacturing and exploitation of different materials, there could be observed complex physicochemical processes of interaction between their individual components and these components with the environment. Revealing such mechanisms helps to understand their distinct features and optimize technological processes of manufacturing materials with certain characteristics. The solution could be based on interpretation of results of acoustic emission (AE) tests from the perspective of multilevel kinetic model of AE of heterogeneous materials. The article describes the research, the essence of which was to identify systematic changes in the values of the parameters of the AE coefficients included in the model when changing various technological and operational factors on the basis of their operational assessment based on the results of acoustic emission tests.
Disc seeder with auto tracking system depth of sowing seeds
Authors: Kokoshin S N , Kirgintsev B O , Tashlanov V I
Published: September 2020

Observance of the depth of sowing of grain crops within the limits established by agrotechnical requirements is a guarantee of high yield. When the disc coulter moves in the soil, a variable resistance force acts on it, which affects the seeding depth and the qualitative characteristics of the shoots. Since there are different soils within the same field, the depth of sowing with the serial coulters becomes not stable. To solve this problem, the article proposes a technical solution and an automated tracking system that, in combination, ensures the uniformity of seeding depth with disc coulters. The use of a flexible tubular element in the opener coulter design makes it possible to compensate for movements from the soil resistance force in real time. In this paper, a mathematical analysis of the dependence of the influence of the seed depth on the compensating force on a flexible tubular element is made, and the maximum values of this force are determined.
Contact method of volume control of temperature of a polymer sample at high-frequency heating
Authors: Bychkovsky V , Bakanin D , Filippenko N , Butorin D , Kuraitis A , Larchenko A
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the results of research of the contact method of volumetric temperature control of a polymer sample. The scheme of thermocouples (TC) location in a polymer sample, finite-element model and general mathematical model for calculating the influence of the quantity of thermocouples on heating samples at high-frequency processing are constructed. Comparative analysis of the obtained results was conducted.
Portable sounding pulse generator for electrical impedance tomography systems
Authors: Korolyuk E S , Brazovskii K S
Published: September 2020

Cryosurgery is a surgical method of biological tissue removal at extremely low temperatures. One of the main issues of cryosurgery is low accuracy in determining the boundaries and depth of frozen tissue. This paper presents the results of the development of a sounding pulse generator for evaluation of the electrical characteristics of biological objects during cryodestruction. The developed sounding pulse generator is a part of the experimental system for the development of a tomograph, using the principle of electric impedance tomography. This paper presents an experimental prototype of the sounding pulse generator applied to study the impedance properties of biological tissue in a wide temperature range from minus 196°C to plus 50°C. The application field for the developed generator: medical systems for visualization of boundaries and depth of biological tissue freezing during cryosurgical operations.
Combined technology of field research and modeling in the development of the rationing method pulp mill wastewater in the conditions of deep water outlets
Authors: Shishkin A I , Chusov A N , Stroganova M S , Kushnerov A I
Published: September 2020

The algorithm and the structure of information support for the model of implementation of the method of normalization of pulp mill wastewaters for deep dispersing water outlets, taking into account the hydrological regime, are determined. The combined technology is based on a geoinformation model of a natural-technogenic complex with identification parameters based on natural data of various hydrological regimes, wind unidirectional and multidirectional currents in depth. The characteristics of the jet zone and the main dilution are evaluated in accordance with the situational water use plan of the pulp mill. The hydraulic solution of the problem of transformation of nonconservative pollutants is implemented using the model of convective-diffusion transport, based on the equation of V. M. Makkaveev, and the transformation of substances using linear mono - and nonlinear bimolecular schemes. To determine the specificity of biochemical processes, the intensity of oxygen uptake and decomposition of organic substances was estimated by direct and indirect indicators. The proposed nonlinear model allowed us to determine the degree of uniformity of water masses in the jet zone of deep water discharge in the main dilution section up to the control gate. The algorithm of identification of parameters of the estimated model the convective-diffusive transport and transformation of substances on observed data taking into account specificity of the studied processes, and used types of models of transfer and transformation of organic compounds. The main measured parameters are temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity of water, dissolved oxygen content, BOD5, BOD20, suspended substances, nitrite ion, phenols, phosphates, lignosulfonates. Laboratory studies were carried out at various dilution multiplicities with the determination of biochemical oxidation constants used in modeling various sites in a water object.