bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport and radiation properties of C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures with added oxygen
Authors: Narayanan Venkat R T , Gnybida Mykhailo , Rümpler Christian
Published: April 2022

Owing to global and local legislative mandates pertaining to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, the focus of industries dealing with electrical power management has shifted towards SF6 replacement within electrical or electro-mechanical equipment since 2010. In particular, fluoronitrile- (C4F7N) or fluoroketone- (C5F10O) based gas mixtures have been identified as the most promising candidates for this purpose in both medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The temperature and pressure ranges of interest are 300 K–30 kK and 1–5 bars respectively, which are relevant to the short-circuit current arcing conditions within an MV-GIS. In this work, we focus on a gas mixture with a fluoronitrile mole fraction lower than 20%, with or without O2 having a mole fraction lower than 20% and the rest of the mixture was carbon dioxide (CO2). Throughout this work, we validate our calculation results with published data for 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures at 1 bar and 5 bars and hint at the possible sources of discrepancies. Our local thermodynamic equilibrium based chemical composition results indicate that the addition of 20% O2 to C4F7N-CO2 mixtures significantly reduced CO formation while increasing COF2 formation. However, the addition of 20% O2 induced marginal modifications to the thermodynamic, transport and radiation properties of 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures. Finally, after utilizing the properties database to calculate steady-state temperature profiles for a low-current (10 A) free-burning arc without metallic vapor, we demonstrate that the arc columns of 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures with or without O2 are less diffuse compared to air but more diffuse compared to SF6. We explain the order of diffuse-to-constricted profiles and arc interruption capabilities for different gases in terms of their thermal conductivities and diffusivities.
In-situ 3D shape measurement system for a high-temperature object in a plasma wind tunnel via DMD-projection laser structured light and adaptive speckle filtering
Authors: Liu Fujia , Yang Jianhong , Xiao Xueren , Zhang Jun , Liu Yang , Wang Hongsen
Published: April 2022

The evaluation of an object’s 3D shape change during ablation in wind tunnel testing is critical for the optimization of the thermal protection system. However, strong thermal radiation and a harsh environment cause challenges to the traditional measurement methods. A single camera digital micro-mirror device (DMD) projector-structured laser light system is proposed for in-situ 3D shape measurement in a wind tunnel test. A customized DMD combined with a laser source is devised for projecting concentrated full-field high-power structured light stripes. To filter laser speckle noise in projected chessboard images for model calibration, an auto-window Kuwahara adaptive filter is put forward. The 3D shape of a blunt-head cylinder was in-situ measured in a plasma wind tunnel which reached a maximum temperature of 1950 °C. The diameter reconstruction error was within 0.85% (0.17/20.03 mm). With projected laser light and multi-step filters, the ablation process of the front face of a dome-top cylinder at 1950 °C was clearly observed at a long working distance over 1.5 m.
Relevance of artefacts in 99mTc-MAA SPECT scans on pre-therapy patient-specific 90Y TARE internal dosimetry: a GATE Monte Carlo study
Authors: Pistone Daniele , Italiano Antonio , Auditore Lucrezia , Mandaglio Giuseppe , Campenní Alfredo , Baldari Sergio , Amato Ernesto
Published: April 2022

Objective. The direct Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of radiation transport exploiting morphological and functional tomographic imaging as input data is considered the gold standard for internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine, and it is increasingly used in studies regarding trans-arterial radio-embolization (TARE). However, artefacts affecting the functional scans, such as reconstruction artefacts and motion blurring, decrease the accuracy in defining the radionuclide distribution in the simulations and consequently lead to errors in absorbed dose estimations. In this study, the relevance of such artefacts in patient-specific three-dimensional MC dosimetry was investigated in three cases of 90Y TARE. Approach. The pre-therapy 99mTc MacroAggregate Albumin (Tc-MAA) SPECTs and CTs of patients were used as input for simulations performed with the GEANT4-based toolkit GATE. Several pre-simulation SPECT-masking techniques were implemented, with the aim of zeroing the decay probability in air, in lungs, or in the whole volume outside the liver. Main results. Increments in absorbed dose up to about +40% with respect to the native-SPECT simulations were found in liver-related volumes of interest (VOIs), depending on the masking procedure adopted. Regarding lungs-related VOIs, decrements in absorbed doses in right lung as high as −90% were retrieved. Significance. These results highlight the relevant influence of SPECT artefacts, if not properly treated, on dosimetric outcomes for 90Y TARE cases. Well-designed SPECT-masking techniques appear to be a promising way to correct for such misestimations.
Note on surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction *
Authors: Yu Chao , Chen Fang-Zhong , Lin Yi-Yu , Sun Jia-Rui , Sun Yuan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we show using several examples that the bulk geometry of asymptotically AdS

spacetimes can be effectively reconstructed using an intuitive and visual method called the surface growth scheme. This new approach for bulk reconstruction was originally proposed in a recent paper, along with its explicit realization using the one-shot entanglement distillation tensor network and the surface/state correspondence. In this paper, we directly analyze the growth of the bulk minimal surfaces to implement this scheme. Our study provides further support for the surface growth approach in entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Neural sources of prediction errors detect unrealistic VR interactions
Authors: Gehrke Lukas , Lopes Pedro , Klug Marius , Akman Sezen , Gramann Klaus
Published: April 2022

Objective. Neural interfaces hold significant promise to implicitly track user experience. Their application in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) simulations is especially favorable as it allows user assessment without breaking the immersive experience. In VR, designing immersion is one key challenge. Subjective questionnaires are the established metrics to assess the effectiveness of immersive VR simulations. However, administering such questionnaires requires breaking the immersive experience they are supposed to assess. Approach. We present a complimentary metric based on a event-related potentials. For the metric to be robust, the neural signal employed must be reliable. Hence, it is beneficial to target the neural signal’s cortical origin directly, efficiently separating signal from noise. To test this new complementary metric, we designed a reach-to-tap paradigm in VR to probe electroencephalography (EEG) and movement adaptation to visuo-haptic glitches. Our working hypothesis was, that these glitches, or violations of the predicted action outcome, may indicate a disrupted user experience. Main results. Using prediction error negativity features, we classified VR glitches with 77% accuracy. We localized the EEG sources driving the classification and found midline cingulate EEG sources and a distributed network of parieto-occipital EEG sources to enable the classification success. Significance. Prediction error signatures from these sources reflect violations of user’s predictions during interaction with AR/VR, promising a robust and targeted marker for adaptive user interfaces.
Microstructure, mechanical properties and osseointegration ability of Ta–20Zr alloy used as dental implant material
Authors: Ou Pinghua , Zhang Taomei , Wang Jianying , Li Cui , Shao Chunsheng , Ruan Jianming
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the application prospect of a tantalum (Ta) and zirconium (Zr) alloy as a dental implant material. The Ta–20Zr (wt.%) alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed by standard techniques. The effect of Ta–20Zr alloy on inflammation, bone remodeling and osseointegration was analyzed in rat and rabbit models by biochemical, histological and imaging tests. The Ta–20Zr alloy showed excellent mechanical compatibility with the bone tissue on account of similar elastic modulus (49.2 GPa), thereby avoiding the ‘stress shielding effect’. Furthermore, Ta–20Zr alloy enhanced the inflammatory response by promoting secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, and facilitated the balance between the M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes. Finally, Ta–20Zr also showed excellent osseointegration and osteogenic ability without any systemic side effects, making it an ideal dental implant material.
Rationality of meromorphic functions between real algebraic sets in the plane
Authors: Ng Tuen-Wai , Yao Xiao
Published: April 2022

We study one variable meromorphic functions mapping a planar real algebraic setAAto another real algebraic set in the complex plane. By using the theory of Schwarz reflection functions, we show that for certainAA, these meromorphic functions must be rational. In particular, whenAAis the standard unit circle, we obtain a one dimensional analog of Poincaré [Acta Math. 2 (1883), pp. 97–113], Tanaka [J. Math. Soc. Japan 14 (1962), pp. 397–429] and Alexander’s [Math. Ann. 209 (1974), pp. 249–256] rationality results for2m−12m-1dimensional sphere inCm\mathbb {C}^mwhenm≥2m\ge 2.
A reverse Thomson problem on the unit circle
Authors: Leng Tuo , Wu Yuchi
Published: April 2022

Let

x
1

x_1

,

x
2

x_2

, …,

x
n

x_n

be

n
n

points on the sphere

S
2

S^2

. Determining the value

inf

∑

1
≤
k
>
j
≤
n

|

x
k

−

x
j

|

−
1

\inf \sum _{1\leq k>j\leq n}|x_k-x_j|^{-1}

, is a long-standing open problem in discrete geometry, which is known as Thomson’s problem. In this paper, we propose a reverse problem on the sphere

S

d
−
1

S^{d-1}

in

d
d

-dimensional Euclidean space, which is equivalent to establish the reverse Thomson inequality. In the planar case, we establish two variants of the reverse Thomson inequality.

In addition, we give a proof to the minimal logarithmic energy of

x
1

x_1

,

x
2

x_2

, …,

x
n

x_n

and two dimensional Thomson’s problem on the unit circle for all integer

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

.
Flows with time-reversal symmetric limit sets on surfaces
Authors: Yokoyama Tomoo
Published: April 2022

The Long-time behavior of orbits is one of the most fundamental properties in dynamical systems. Poincaré studied the Poisson stability, which satisfies a time-reversal symmetric condition, to capture the property of whether points return arbitrarily near the initial positions after a sufficiently long time. Birkhoff introduced and studied the concept of non-wandering points, which is one of the time-reversal symmetric conditions. Moreover, minimality and pointwise periodicity satisfy the time-reversal symmetric condition for limit sets. This paper characterizes flows with the time-reversal symmetric condition for limit sets, which refine the characterization of irrational or Denjoy flows by Athanassopoulos. Using the description, we construct flows on a sphere with Lakes of Wada attractors and with an arbitrarily large number of complementary domains, which are flow versions of such examples of spherical homeomorphisms constructed by Boroński, Činč, and Liu.
A Hilbert–Kunz function with a periodic term that has a given period
Authors: Baidya Robin
Published: April 2022

A result of Monsky states that the Hilbert–Kunz function of a one-dimensional local ring of prime characteristic has a term

ϕ
\phi

that is eventually periodic. For example, in the case of a power series ring in one variable over a prime-characteristic field,

ϕ
\phi

is the zero function and is therefore immediately periodic with period 1. In additional examples produced by Kunz [Amer. J. Math. 91 (1969), pp. 772–784] and Monsky [Math. Ann. 263 (1983), pp. 43–49],

ϕ
\phi

is immediately periodic with period 2. We show that, for every positive integer 

π
\pi

, there exists a ring for which

ϕ
\phi

is immediately periodic with period 

π
\pi

.
Development of singularities in the relativistic Euler equations
Authors: Athanasiou Nikolaos , Bayles-Rea Tianrui , Zhu Shengguo
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of singularity formation in large data problems for

C
1

C^1

solutions to the Cauchy problem of the relativistic Euler equations. The classical theory established by [P. D. Lax [J. Math. Phys. 5 (1964), pp. 611–613] shows that, for

2
×
2

2\times 2

hyperbolic systems, the break-down of

C
1

C^1

solutions occurs in finite time if initial data contain any compression in some truly non-linear characteristic field under some additional conditions, which include genuine non-linearity and the strict positivity of the difference between two corresponding eigenvalues. These harsh structural assumptions mean that it is highly non-trivial to apply this theory to archetypal systems of conservation laws, such as the (1+1)-dimensional relativistic Euler equations. Actually, in the (1+1)-dimensional spacetime setting, if the mass-energy density

ρ
\rho

does not vanish initially at any finite point, the essential difficulty in considering the possible break-down is coming up with a way to obtain sharp enough control on the lower bound of

ρ
\rho

. To this end, based on introducing several key artificial quantities and some elaborate analysis on the difference of the two Riemann invariants, we characterized the decay of mass-energy density lower bound in time, and ultimately made some concrete progress. On the one hand, for the

C
1

C^1

solutions with large data and possible far field vacuum to the isentropic flow, we verified the theory obtained by P. D. Lax in 1964. On the other hand, for the

C
1

C^1

solutions with large data and strictly positive initial mass-energy density to the non-isentropic flow, we exhibit a numerical value

N
N

, thought of as representing the strength of an initial compression, above which all initial data lead to a finite-time singularity formation. These singularities manifest as a blow-up in the gradient of certain Riemann invariants associated with corresponding systems.
On amenable semigroups of rational functions
Authors: Pakovich Fedor
Published: April 2022

We characterize left and right amenable semigroups of polynomials of one complex variable with respect to the composition operation. We also prove a number of results about amenable semigroups of arbitrary rational functions. In particular, we show that under quite general conditions a semigroup of rational functions is amenable if and only if it is a subsemigroup of the centralizer of some rational function.
Absence and Abnormality
Authors: Vaassen Bram
Published: April 2022

Absences pose a dilemma for theories of causation. Allowing them to be causes seems to make theories too permissive. Banning them from being causes seems to make theories too restrictive. An increasingly popular approach to this dilemma is to acknowledge that norms can affect which absences count as causes. In this article, I distinguish between two influential implementations of such ‘abnormality’ approaches and argue that so-called ‘double-prevention mechanisms’ provide counterexamples against both.
Mating traits are phenotypically but not genetically correlated to fitness
Authors: Collet Julie M , Sztepanacz Jacqueline L
Published: April 2022

Misalignment between male and female interests over mating creates interlocus sexual conflict that is known to drive the coevolution of reproductive traits. Males and females also share the majority of their genome, which may cause these traits to be genetically covary between the sexes and experience intralocus sexual conflict where beneficial alleles in one sex are costly when expressed in the other. Here, we use a quantitative genetic experiment to test whether intralocus sexual conflict is operating on mating latency and copulation duration in the polyandrous fruit-fly Drosophila serrata. We performed two paternal half-sibling breeding designs in different populations and measured mating latency and copulation duration in males and females, and components of pre- and postcopulatory fitness in both sexes. Our design enabled the estimation of selection on mating latency and copulation duration and the heritabilities, and within-sex and across-sex genetic covariances of these traits. Mating latency and copulation duration were both heritable in males but not in females, and within sex and across-sex genetic correlations among the traits were all small. Despite significant phenotypic correlations between these mating traits and some male and female fitness components, we found no significant genetic covariance between any measured mating behaviors and fitness components, nor between male and female fitness. Our study, therefore, finds little evidence of ongoing intralocus sexual conflict over these traits. One explanation for our result is that these mating traits have been under strong selection, which has exhausted their genetic variation, limiting their ability to respond to ongoing selection.
Evaluation of phenotype-driven gene prioritization methods for Mendelian diseases
Authors: Jacobsen Julius O B , Kelly Catherine , Cipriani Valentina , Robinson Peter N , Smedley Damian
Published: April 2022

Yuan et al. recently described an independent evaluation of several phenotype-driven gene prioritization methods for Mendelian disease on two separate, clinical datasets. Although they attempted to use default settings for each tool, we describe three key differences from those we currently recommend for our Exomiser and PhenIX tools. These influence how variant frequency, quality and predicted pathogenicity are used for filtering and prioritization. We propose that these differences account for much of the discrepancy in performance between that reported by them (15–26% diagnoses ranked top by Exomiser) and previously published reports by us and others (72–77%). On a set of 161 singleton samples, we show using these settings increases performance from 34% to 72% and suggest a reassessment of Exomiser and PhenIX on their datasets using these would show a similar uplift.
Association between somatosensory sensitivity and regional gray matter volume in healthy young volunteers: a voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Onishi Hideaki , Nagasaka Kazuaki , Yokota Hirotake , Kojima Sho , Ohno Ken , Sakurai Noriko , Kodama Naoki , Sato Daisuke , Otsuru Naofumi
Published: April 2022

Two-point discrimination (2PD) test reflects somatosensory spatial discrimination ability, but evidence on the relationship between 2PD and cortical gray matter (GM) volume is limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cortical GM volume and 2PD threshold in young healthy individuals and to clarify the characteristics of brain structure reflecting the individual differences in somatosensory function. 2PD was measured in 42 healthy (20 females) volunteers aged 20–32 years using a custom-made test system that can be controlled by a personal computer. The 2PD of the right index finger measured with this device has been confirmed to show good reproducibility. T1-weighted images were acquired using a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner for voxel-based morphometry analysis. The mean 2PD threshold was 2.58 ± 0.54 mm. Whole-brain multiple regression analysis of the relationship between 2PD and GM volume showed that a lower 2PD threshold (i.e. better somatosensory function) significantly correlated with decreased GM volume from the middle temporal gyrus to the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the contralateral hemisphere. In conclusion, a lower GM volume in the middle temporal gyrus and IPL correlates with better somatosensory function. Thus, cortical GM volume may be a biomarker of somatosensory function.
Target-specific projections of amygdala somatostatin-expressing neurons to the hypothalamus and brainstem
Authors: Bartonjo Jane J , Lundy Robert F
Published: April 2022

Somatostatin neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA/Sst) can be parsed into subpopulations that project either to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) or parabrachial nucleus (PBN). We have shown recently that inhibition of CeA/Sst-to-NST neurons increased the ingestion of a normally aversive taste stimulus, quinine HCl (QHCl). Because the CeA innervates other forebrain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that also sends axonal projections to the NST, the effects on QHCl intake could be, in part, the result of CeA modulation of LH-to-NST neurons. To address these issues, the present study investigated whether CeA/Sst-to-NST neurons are distinct from CeA/Sst-to-LH neurons. For comparison purposes, additional experiments assessed divergent innervation of the LH by CeA/Sst-to-PBN neurons. In Sst-cre mice, two different retrograde transported flox viruses were injected into the NST and the ipsilateral LH or PBN and ipsilateral LH. The results showed that 90% or more of retrograde-labeled CeA/Sst neurons project either to the LH, NST, or PBN. Separate populations of CeA/Sst neurons projecting to these different regions suggest a highly heterogeneous population in terms of synaptic target and likely function.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Temporal Trends, Demographic Correlates, and Association With Preterm Birth
Authors: Young Marisa R , Broadwell Carly , Kacanek Deborah , Chadwick Ellen G , Jao Jennifer , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Powis Kathleen , Tassiopoulos Katherine , Yee Lynn M , Haddad Lisa B ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: April 2022

Background

We describe trends in prevalence and identify factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), syphilis, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) diagnosed in pregnancy among US people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and evaluate associations of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with preterm birth (PTB).

Methods

We included pregnant PWH enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities dynamic cohort of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study network who delivered between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable log-binomial or Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association of calendar year with each STI, controlling for confounders; the association of demographic and clinical factors with each STI; and the association of each STI with PTB.

Results

The sample included 2241 pregnancies among 1821 PWH. Median age at delivery was 29.2 years; 71% of participants identified as Black or African American. STI prevalence was: CT 7.7%, NG 2.3%, syphilis 2.4%, and TV 14.5%; 30% had unknown TV status. There were no temporal changes in STI prevalence. Younger age and initial HIV viral load ≥400 copies/mL were associated with increased risk of CT, NG, and TV. Recreational substance use was a risk factor for NG, syphilis, and TV. No STI was associated with PTB.

Conclusions

Unlike nationwide trends, no changes in STI prevalence during the study period were observed. The large proportion with unknown TV status underscores the need for increased adherence to screening guidelines. STIs diagnosed during pregnancy in PWH were not associated with risk of PTB.
Longitudinal relationship between long sleep duration and future kidney function decline
Authors: Hirano Keita , Komatsu Yasuhiro , Shimbo Takuro , Nakata Hirosuke , Kobayashi Daiki
Published: April 2022

Background

Evidence linking chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sleep duration is inconsistent. This study examined whether sleep duration is associated with a long-term risk of kidney function decline.

Methods

This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 82 001 participants who visited a primary care centre in Japan. Participants were categorized into CKD risk groups and sleep duration categories according to their self-reported average nightly sleep duration. The relationship between average nightly sleep duration and the incidence of composite renal outcome comprised a ≥40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline and a decline in eGFR to <15 mL/min/1.73 m² was evaluated.

Results

The mean age and eGFR (±standard deviation) of the patient cohort were 45.8 (±12.4) years and 81.8 (±15.4) mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. A total of 41 891 participants (51.1%) were women. During the median follow-up of 5.1 years [interquartile range 2.2–9.6], 4214 (5.1%) participants achieved the composite renal outcome. Only the long and very long sleep durations (≥8 h/night) were associated with an increased incidence of the composite renal outcome compared with the reference duration (7 h/night) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.22 and 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.36 and 1.13–1.84, for long and very long sleep durations, respectively]. Furthermore, this association was significant for both long and very long sleep durations in the low CKD risk group but only for long sleep duration in the intermediate CKD risk group. The results of the sex-specific analysis showed that men had a decreased risk of achieving the composite renal outcome (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.79–1.06), while there was an increased risk for women (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02–1.28).

Conclusions

Average sleep durations ≥8 h/night were associated with an increased incidence of poor renal outcomes over time. However, a longitudinal cohort study is required to confirm whether sleep duration can prevent poor renal outcomes.
Relationship Between Component Connectivity And Component Diagnosability Of Some Regular Networks
Authors: Sun Xueli , Fan Jianxi , Cheng Baolei , Zhou Jingya , Wang Yan
Published: April 2022

As a kind of conditional connectivity, component connectivity is an improvement of traditional connectivity, which is conducive to enhance the reliability of the network. To be specific, the $r$-component connectivity of a network $G$, written as $c\kappa _{r}(G)$, is defined as the minimum number of all node cuts whose removal causes the remaining network to have at least $r$ components. Component diagnosability, as another measure of network reliability, is usually related to the number of components in the remaining network. The $r$-component diagnosability, written as $ct_{r}(G)$, is defined as the maximum number of faulty sets such that at least $r$ components in the surviving network and all faulty nodes can be diagnosed. This paper mainly explores the relationship between component connectivity and component diagnosability of some regular networks. Once knowing the component connectivity of such a network, with the help of this relationship, we can easily obtain the component diagnosability of the network. Furthermore, we apply this relationship to some famous regular networks to obtain their component diagnosabilities under the PMC model.
SynLethDB 2.0: a web-based knowledge graph database on synthetic lethality for novel anticancer drug discovery
Authors: Wang Jie , Wu Min , Huang Xuhui , Wang Li , Zhang Sophia , Liu Hui , Zheng Jie
Published: April 2022

Two genes are synthetic lethal if mutations in both genes result in impaired cell viability, while mutation of either gene does not affect the cell survival. The potential usage of synthetic lethality (SL) in anticancer therapeutics has attracted many researchers to identify synthetic lethal gene pairs. To include newly identified SLs and more related knowledge, we present a new version of the SynLethDB database to facilitate the discovery of clinically relevant SLs. We extended the first version of SynLethDB database significantly by including new SLs identified through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) screening, a knowledge graph about human SLs, a new web interface, etc. Over 16 000 new SLs and 26 types of other relationships have been added, encompassing relationships among 14 100 genes, 53 cancers, 1898 drugs, etc. Moreover, a brand-new web interface has been developed to include modules such as SL query by disease or compound, SL partner gene set enrichment analysis and knowledge graph browsing through a dynamic graph viewer. The data can be downloaded directly from the website or through the RESTful Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Database URL:  https://synlethdb.sist.shanghaitech.edu.cn/v2.
The Paradoxes of The Second Surrealist Manifesto
Authors: BÉhar Henri
Published: April 2022

By 1929, the Surrealist movement in France had begun to seriously stagnate, and there was widespread dissatisfaction among its members. Some of the latter wanted to pursue a closer alliance with the French Communist Party; others wanted greater freedom to explore various commercial avenues that were available to them. In order to remedy this situation, André Breton decided to publish a second manifesto, which, somewhat paradoxically, not only introduced the concept of ‘the supreme point’ but also redefined the nature of the Surrealist act. Offsetting those members who either abandoned the movement or were expelled from it, a new group of converts joined the Surrealist cause, including Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, and Luis Buñuel. These in turn contributed new creative energy to the enterprise and created a number of striking masterpieces.
On Unicorns: Rilke and Medieval Noetics
Authors: Makhlouf P S
Published: April 2022

Rainer Maria Rilke’s 1910 Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge is fixated on figurations of lost homes which tell of the loss of ‘the poetic measure’, i.e. the decrepit status of art at the fin de siècle and the dominance of commodification. Malte’s viewing of the La Dame à la licorne tapestries is a unique moment of aesthetic plenitude previously unseen in the novel. Through a new reading of the tapestries, this essay investigates medieval precursors to Rilke’s poetics, his concept of intransitive love, and the concept of a ‘dwelling’ in the mind where the psychic traces of the absent object are found.
Evaluating the effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening: an analysis of parsimonious patient survival information with the time-varying Cox model
Authors: Chang Rene Wei-Jung , Jen Grace Hsiao-Hsuan , Lin Kuan-Chia , Cheng Tsung-Chi , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Pan Shin-Liang , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Yen Amy Ming-Fang
Published: April 2022

Background

This study is aimed at estimating the unbiased effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening based on case survival information alone rather than large-scale individual screening data pursuant to the intention-to-treat principle of a randomized–controlled trial.

Methods

A novel time-dependent switched design with two modalities of cancer detection (screen-detected vs clinically detected) was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast cancer screening. We used data on 767 patients from Kopparberg in the Swedish Two-County trial and on 78 587 patients in the Taiwan population-based service screening. We estimated the relative rate of the screen-detected vs the clinically detected with adjustment for both truncation and lead-time biases. The absolute effectiveness in terms of the number needed to screen (NNS) for averting one death from breast cancer was estimated.

Results

The relative rate of effectiveness was estimated as 33%, which was consistent with the 37% reported from the original Swedish randomized–controlled trial. The corresponding estimate for the Taiwan screening programme was 42%, which was also very close to that estimated using individual screening history data (41%). Both relative estimates were further applied to yield 446 and 806 of NNS for averting one death from breast cancer for the corresponding two data sets.

Conclusion

The proposed time-dependent switched design and analysis with two modalities of case survival information provides a very efficient means for estimating the unbiased estimates of relative and absolute effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening dispensing with a large amount of individual screening history data.
Uniform block-diagonal preconditioners for divergence-conforming HDG Methods for the generalized Stokes equations and the linear elasticity equations
Authors: Fu Guosheng , Kuang Wenzheng
Published: April 2022

We propose a uniform block-diagonal preconditioner for condensed $H$(div)-conforming hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin schemes for parameter-dependent saddle point problems, including the generalized Stokes equations and the linear elasticity equations. An optimal preconditioner is obtained for the stiffness matrix on the global velocity/displacement space via the auxiliary space preconditioning technique (Xu (1994) The Auxiliary Space Method and Optimal Multigrid Preconditioning Techniques for Unstructured Grids, vol. 56. International GAMM-Workshop on Multi-level Methods (Meisdorf), pp. 215–235). A spectrally equivalent approximation to the Schur complement on the element-wise constant pressure space is also constructed, and an explicit computable exact inverse is obtained via the Woodbury matrix identity. Finally, the numerical results verify the robustness of our proposed preconditioner with respect to model parameters and mesh size.
The Green Backlash against Economic Globalization
Authors: Nguyen Quynh
Published: April 2022

Despite the steady increase in environmental provisions being included in trade agreements to address potential environmental risks associated with increased trade, growing public concern about environmental issues has given rise to major public protests against various trade agreements. However, facing the widespread backlash against the liberal international economic order, pro-trade leaders have yet to respond adequately to the public's concern over the potential implications of trade on the environment. A review of European Union (EU) officials’ public communication on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership shows that trade advocates narrowly focus on the economic benefits of trade in their trade-related communication while paying little attention to the environmental impacts of the trade deal. This ignores an important aspect of the public discontent with economic globalization. This article argues that the pro-trade camp's failure to engage the public in an inclusive and transparent debate about the environmental effects of trade presents a missed opportunity that has triggered widespread resistance to trade liberalization. By studying the communication channel, this essay highlights the important role of information and dialogue as a potential response to the current public backlash against economic globalization.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on periosteal osteosarcoma: a systematic review
Authors: Tsukamoto Shinji , Righi Alberto , Kido Akira , Honoki Kanya , Tanaka Yuu , Fujii Hiromasa , Mavrogenis Andreas F , Tanaka Yasuhito , Errani Costantino
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective

The effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on periosteal osteosarcoma are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of studies comparing mortality, local recurrence, distant metastasis and secondary malignancy incidence among patients who underwent surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone for periosteal osteosarcoma without distant metastases at diagnosis.

Methods

Of the 210 studies identified in the search, 13 were included in this study, involving 291 patients with periosteal osteosarcoma in total.

Results

The mortality rates in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery alone groups were 11.3% (8/71) and 16.3% (16/98), respectively. The overall pooled odds ratio was 0.89 (P = 0.800). The local recurrence rate in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy group was 12.1% (8/66), while that in the surgery alone group was 17.6% (13/74). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.31 (P = 0.601). The distant metastasis rate in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy group was 15.2% (10/66) and that in the surgery alone group was 10.8% (8/74). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.51 (P = 0.444). The incidence of secondary malignancy in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy group was 7.6% (9/118) and that in the surgery alone group was 2.7% (2/74). The overall pooled odds ratio was 2.29 (P = 0.187).

Conclusions

Adjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to improve the prognosis of patients with periosteal osteosarcoma. No association was found between the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and development of secondary malignancies.
The transcription factor StTINY3 enhances cold-induced sweetening resistance by coordinating starch resynthesis and sucrose hydrolysis in potato
Authors: Shi Weiling , Ma Qiuqin , Yin Wang , Liu Tiantian , Song Yuhao , Chen Yuanya , Song Linjin , Sun Hui , Hu Shuting , Liu Tengfei , Jiang Rui , Lv Dianqiu , Song Botao , Wang Jichun , Liu Xun
Published: April 2022

The accumulation of reducing sugars in cold-stored tubers, known as cold-induced sweetening (CIS), negatively affects potato processing quality. The starch to sugar interconversion pathways that are altered in cold-stored CIS tubers have been elucidated, but the mechanism that regulates them remains largely unknown. This study identified a CBF/DREB transcription factor (StTINY3) that enhances CIS resistance by both activating starch biosynthesis and repressing the hydrolysis of sucrose to reducing sugars in detached cold-stored tubers. Silencing StTINY3 in a CIS-resistant genotype decreased CIS resistance, while overexpressing StTINY3 in a CIS-sensitive genotype increased CIS resistance, and altering StTINY3 expression was associated with expression changes in starch resynthesis-related genes. We showed first that overexpressing StTINY3 inhibited sucrose hydrolysis by enhancing expression of the invertase inhibitor gene StInvInh2, and second that StTINY3 promoted starch resynthesis by up-regulating a large subunit of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene StAGPaseL3, and the glucose-6-phosphate transporter gene StG6PT2. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we revealed that StTINY3 is a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator that directly binds to the dehydration-responsive element/CRT cis-element in the promoters of StInvInh2 and StAGPaseL3. Taken together, these findings established that StTINY3 influences CIS resistance in cold-stored tubers by coordinately modulating the starch to sugar interconversion pathways and is a good target for improving potato processing quality.
“We Were Born from Beauty”: Dis/Inheriting Genealogies of Refugee and Queer Shame in Ocean Vuong’sOn Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous
Authors: Cho Jennifer
Published: April 2022

I examine how Ocean Vuong’s 2019 novel On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous reconceives intergenerational shame produced through processes of refugee and queer becoming and identification in the United States. I posit that the affective condition of shame is both a result of and intrinsic to the social formation of queer and refugee identities. I also trace how these identities that at times can exclude the Other also intersect in On Earth as a way of revealing and critiquing the parallel forms of heteropatriarchal violence enacted upon the queer/refugee subject. Through Vuong’s presentation of Little Dog’s queer Vietnamese identity, I consider how Little Dog must reconcile himself to the loyalties that bind him to his matrilineal family and Vietnam and also to American idealizations of white masculinity and heterosexuality. These tensions are animated through the shame resulting from Little Dog’s sexual encounters with his white American love interest, Trevor, and in Little Dog and his family’s social “failures” to integrate into the United States and become model minorities. The sustained incompatibility between the matrilineal past of Vietnam (and the metonymic war the country signifies) and the American present belonging to the white fathers who fill the text also shows the limits of the dominant narratives that situate the United States in benevolent relation to the powerless refugees it saved and rehomed. Although I focus on the paralyzing effects of shame that attend experiences of racial and sexual difference, I explore how Vuong reimagines shame as a generative site that not only creates new intimacies and grammars across bodies that have been deemed socially abject but also conjures a Vietnam outside the familiar US war narrative of rescue.
Reconciling the results of the z ∼ 2 MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE Surveys
Authors: Runco Jordan N , Reddy Naveen A , Shapley Alice E , Steidel Charles C , Sanders Ryan L , Strom Allison L , Coil Alison L , Kriek Mariska , Mobasher Bahram , Pettini Max , Rudie Gwen C , Siana Brian , Topping Michael W , Trainor Ryan F , Freeman William R , Shivaei Irene , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H , Leung Gene C K , Fetherolf Tara , de Groot Laura , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M , Barro Guillermo
Published: April 2022

The combination of the MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE surveys represents the largest joint investment of Keck/MOSFIRE time to date, with ∼3000 galaxies at 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.8, roughly half of which are at z ∼ 2. MOSDEF is photometric- and spectroscopic-redshift selected with a rest-optical magnitude limit, while KBSS-MOSFIRE is primarily selected based on rest-UV colours and a rest-UV magnitude limit. Analysing both surveys in a uniform manner with consistent spectral-energy-distribution (SED) models, we find that the MOSDEF z ∼ 2 targeted sample has higher median M* and redder rest U−V colour than the KBSS-MOSFIRE z ∼ 2 targeted sample, and smaller median SED-based SFR and sSFR (SFR(SED) and sSFR(SED)). Specifically, MOSDEF targeted a larger population of red galaxies with U−V and V−J ≥1.25, while KBSS-MOSFIRE contains more young galaxies with intense star formation. Despite these differences in the z ∼ 2 targeted samples, the subsets of the surveys with multiple emission lines detected and analysed in previous work are much more similar. All median host-galaxy properties with the exception of stellar population age – i.e. M*, SFR(SED), sSFR(SED), AV, and UVJ colours – agree within the uncertainties. Additionally, when uniform emission-line fitting and stellar Balmer absorption correction techniques are applied, there is no significant offset between both samples in the [O iii]λ5008/H β versus [N ii]λ6585/H α diagnostic diagram, in contrast to previously reported discrepancies. We can now combine the MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE surveys to form the largest z ∼ 2 sample with moderate-resolution rest-optical spectra and construct the fundamental scaling relations of star-forming galaxies during this important epoch.
Long-term rotational and emission variability of 17 radio pulsars
Authors: Shaw B , Stappers B W , Weltevrede P , Brook P R , Karastergiou A , Jordan C A , Keith M J , Kramer M , Lyne A G
Published: April 2022

With the ever-increasing sensitivity and timing baselines of modern radio telescopes, a growing number of pulsars are being shown to exhibit transitions in their rotational and radio emission properties. In many of these cases, the two are correlated with pulsars assuming a unique spin-down rate ($\dot{\nu }$) for each of their specific emission states. In this work, we revisit 17 radio pulsars previously shown to exhibit spin-down rate variations. Using a Gaussian process regression (GPR) method to model the timing residuals and the evolution of the profile shape, we confirm the transitions already observed and reveal new transitions in 8 yr of extended monitoring with greater time resolution and enhanced observing bandwidth. We confirm that seven of these sources show emission-correlated $\dot{\nu }$ transitions ($\Delta \dot{\nu }$), and we characterize this correlation for one additional pulsar, PSR B1642−03. We demonstrate that GPR is able to reveal extremely subtle profile variations given sufficient data quality. We also corroborate the dependence of $\Delta \dot{\nu }$ amplitude on $\dot{\nu }$ and pulsar characteristic age. Linking $\Delta \dot{\nu }$ to changes in the global magnetospheric charge density Δρ, we speculate that $\dot{\nu }$ transitions associated with large Δρ values may be exhibiting detectable profile changes with improved data quality, in cases where they have not previously been observed.
The magnetic fields of β Coronae Borealis and the early F-star σ Bootis
Authors: Seach J M , Marsden S C , Carter B D , Neiner C , Folsom C P
Published: April 2022

The study of magnetism in stars close to the transition from fossil to dynamo magnetic fields is important for understanding the nature of the stellar dynamo and dynamics of the outer atmosphere. We present surface magnetic maps for two stars that are located on opposite sides of the suspected transition zone: the chemically peculiar late A-star β Coronae Borealis (A9SrEuCr) and the early F-star σ Bootis (F3V). The large-scale magnetic field reconstructed at six epochs for β Coronae Borealis shows a complex fossil magnetic field, which is highly poloidal, and contains almost half the magnetic energy in higher multipoles (ℓ > 1). In contrast, the single epoch magnetic map for σ Bootis contains a simple surface magnetic topology that is mostly poloidal, and predominantly dipolar, and is consistent with observations of other mature late F-stars.
Wavelet analysis of MAXI J1535–571 with Insight-HXMT
Authors: Chen X , Wang W , You B , Tian P F , Liu Q , Zhang P , Ding Y Z , Qu J L , Zhang S N , Song L M , Lu F J , Zhang S
Published: April 2022

In this paper, wavelet analysis is used to study the spectral-timing properties of MAXI J1535–571 observed by the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT). Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are detected in nine observations. Based on wavelet analysis, the time intervals with QPOs and non-QPOs are isolated, and the corresponding spectra with QPOs and non-QPOs are analysed. We find that the spectra with QPOs (hereafter QPO spectra) are softer than those without QPOs (hereafter non-QPO spectra) in the hard intermediate state (HIMS), while in the soft intermediate state (SIMS), the QPO spectra are slightly harder. The disc temperature of the QPO regime is slightly lower during the HIMS, but becomes higher during the SIMS. The cutoff energies of QPO spectra and non-QPO spectra do not show significant differences. The flux ratio of the disc to total flux is higher for the time intervals with non-QPOs than that in the QPO regime. We propose that these differences in the spectral properties between QPO and non-QPO regimes could be explained through the scenario of Lense–Thirring precession, and the reversal of the QPO/non-QPO behaviour between the HIMS and SIMS may be associated with the appearance/disappearance of a type-B QPO, which might originate in the precession of the jet.