bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
United States
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Johnson David R. , Vaidyanathan Brandon , Matthews Kirstin R. W. , Lewis Steven W. , Thomson Robert A. , Di Di
Published: July 2019

US scientists believe that the US religious public is generally antiscience. However the views of religious Americans are much more nuanced and religious Americans are often more open to science and scientific issues than scientists would believe. Nevertheless, scientists’ perceptions of the religious public in the United States shape their views of religion and science. Scientists who are religious generally keep their science and their faith separate. Religious scientists feel they are at risk of discrimination within the scientific community, because of existing stereotypes about religious people. Religious scientists are often influenced by their faith when choosing scientific work that they think will have a beneficial impact on society.
United Kingdom
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Johnson David R. , Vaidyanathan Brandon , Matthews Kirstin R. W. , Lewis Steven W. , Thomson Robert A. , Di Di
Published: July 2019

Religiosity overall is decreasing in the United Kingdom. Yet recent waves of new immigrants entering the country are bringing religious diversity to the country and to science. While Christianity has long been the majority religion in the United Kingdom, the increased presence of Islam, Hinduism, and other religions is changing the nature of the UK scientific workplace. In particular, scientists have been affected, as detailed in their interviews, by the presence of Muslim students and colleagues, fearing for example that more Muslims in science will lead to increased antievolution sentiment. In addition to the impact of immigration, the influence of the so-called New Atheists is strong within the United Kingdom. However despite their seemingly large presence, scientists in the United Kingdom, whether religious or nonreligious, are often more moderate, more willing to collaborate, and more open to religion than the New Atheists seem to indicate.
France
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Johnson David R. , Vaidyanathan Brandon , Matthews Kirstin R. W. , Lewis Steven W. , Thomson Robert A. , Di Di
Published: July 2019

France is characterized by its assertive secularism and its strong separation of church and state. Its official policy of laїcité means that there is not as much potential for conflict between religion and science because they are kept so separate and public expressions of religion are suppressed. Because religion is overall absent from the public sphere, it is all the more obvious when it does come up; and thus Muslim women who wear headscarves feel increased discrimination within science because of this visible symbol of their faith. Because religion is kept out of the public sphere, and thus out of science, there seems to be little room for collaboration or dialogue.
Turkey
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Johnson David R. , Vaidyanathan Brandon , Matthews Kirstin R. W. , Lewis Steven W. , Thomson Robert A. , Di Di
Published: July 2019

Turkey is a predominantly Muslim nation. However in recent years the nature of religion in Turkey is changing drastically. While there has been a long history of secularism in the country, recent political changes are seemingly moving the country in a direction of religious freedom and expression. Yet, as scientists expressed in their interviews, it is a specific religious ideology that is being pushed. These changes in government and politics have had an impact on Turkey’s scientific community. Scientists are leaving the uncertainty of scientific work in Turkey for more stability in other nations.
Sinners in the Presence of a Loving God
Authors: Manis R. Zachary
Published: July 2019

This book is a philosophical exploration of the various facets of the problem of hell, the reasons that the usual responses to the problem are unsatisfying, and the way that an adequate solution to the problem can be constructed. What drives discussion of the problem of hell, most fundamentally, is the question of why a perfectly good and loving God would consign anyone to eternal suffering in hell. Four main lines of response have been developed to answer it—viz., traditionalism, annihilationism, the choice model, and universalism—but, for different reasons, each of these standard options ends up being deficient in some crucial respect. The alternative view that the author defends in this book, the divine presence model, stands within the tradition that understands hell to be a state of eternal conscious suffering, but develops this idea in a way that is able to avoid the worst problems of its counterparts. The key idea is that the suffering of hell is not the result of any divine act that aims to inflict it, but rather the way that a sinful creature necessarily experiences the unmitigated presence of a holy God. Heaven and hell are not two “places” to which the saved and damned are consigned, respectively, but instead are two radically different ways that different persons will experience the same reality of God’s omnipresence once the barrier of divine hiddenness is finally removed.
Gambling with Violence
Authors: Biberman Yelena
Published: July 2019

State outsourcing of violence to nonstate actors is a global practice that challenges our notions of legitimate warfare, statehood, and citizenship. It matters for counterinsurgency, civil war outcomes, the humane treatment of civilians and former combatants, and the prospects of post-conflict peace. In South Asia, the use of nonstate proxies is deeply entwined with questions of state fragility, the postcolonial social contract, and the rivalry between two nuclear powers. This book explains the origins of state-nonstate alliances in times of civil war. A new balance-of-interests framework is generated through systematic fine-grained analyses of violence outsourcing by Pakistan and India in Kashmir, East Pakistan/Bangladesh, and their respective tribal belts. Central to this framework are the distribution of power inside the theater of war and varied interests of both the state and the nonstate actors. The cases drawn from Pakistan and India demonstrate how different configurations of local power and actors’ priorities result in distinct alliance patterns. The potential applicability of the balance-of-interests approach beyond South Asia is then demonstrated with analyses of Russia’s counterinsurgencies in Chechnya and Turkey’s operations against Kurdish rebels. The book builds on and contributes to the existing scholarship on civil war and counterinsurgency, in particular the burgeoning literature on militias, alliances, and South Asian security.
Privilege at Play
Authors: Cerón-Anaya Hugo
Published: July 2019

Privilege at Play is a book about inequalities, social hierarchies, and privilege in contemporary Mexico. Based on ethnographic research conducted in exclusive golf clubs and in-depth interviews with upper-middle-class and upper-class golfers, as well as working-class employees, the book focuses on the class, racial, and gender dynamics that underpin privilege. This study makes use of rich qualitative data to demonstrate how social hierarchies are relations reproduced through a multitude of everyday practices. The vast disparities between club members and workers, for example, are built on traditional class indicators, such as wealth, and on more subtle expressions of class, such as notions of fashion, sense of humor, perceptions about competition, and everyday oral interactions. The book incorporates race and gender perspectives into the study of inequalities, illustrating the multilayer condition of privilege. Although Mexicans commonly attributed racial relations a marginal role in the continuation of inequities, the book explains how affluent individuals frequently express racialized ideas to describe and justify the impoverished condition of workers. In doing so, Privilege at Play demonstrates the necessity of considering the role of racialized dynamics when studying social inequalities in Mexico. An analysis of gender relations shows how men maintain a dominant position over their fellow female golfers despite the similar upper-class origins of both male and female golf club members. This book pays particular attention to the spatial dynamics that reinforce social inequalities, arguing that the apparent triviality of space makes it a highly effective way to mark social inequalities and, hence, emphasize privilege.
Aquinas and the Metaphysics of Creation
Authors: Kerr Gaven
Published: July 2019

This work explores St Thomas Aquinas’s metaphysics of creation. In doing so, it explores the thinking on creation of Aquinas’s predecessors, the nature of God as creator, the meaning of creation, how to conceive of the causality of creation, and the object, history, and purpose of creation. What emerges as a key unifying theme in Aquinas’s thinking in this regard is the complete and utter dependence of all things on God as the unique source of existence. This notion serves not only to advance Aquinas’s position beyond those of his predecessors but also to illuminate his treatments of creation across his works. The result is a unified account of Aquinas’s metaphysics of creation now available for the contemporary reader.
Opting for the Best
Authors: Portmore Douglas W.
Published: July 2019

This chapter argues for the opting-for-the-best view: the view that, for any subject S and any member ϕ of a certain subset of S’s options, S ought to ϕ if and only if ϕ is the best member of this subset in terms of whatever ultimately matters. It’s argued that we need to restrict ourselves to a subset of the subject’s options because of the problem of act versions. This problem arises in the following sort of case. One’s best option is to kiss one’s partner passionately. Kissing her nonpassionately would be disastrous. Indeed, it would be better not to kiss her at all. But, unfortunately, if you were to kiss her, you would do so nonpassionately. Should you kiss her? Of course, you have to kiss her to kiss her passionately, which is your best option. But kissing her would result in your kissing her nonpassionately, which is your worst option.
Melchizedek, King of Sodom
Authors: Cargill Robert R.
Published: July 2019

This book argues that the biblical figure Melchizedek mentioned in Gen. 14 as the king of Shalem originally appeared in the text as the king of Sodom. Textual evidence is presented to demonstrate that the word סדם (Sodom) was changed to שׁלם (Shalem) in order to avoid depicting the patriarch Abram as receiving a blessing and goods from the king of Sodom, whose city was soon thereafter destroyed for its sinfulness according to the biblical tradition. This change from Sodom to Shalem caused a disjointed narrative in Gen. 14:18–20, which many scholars have wrongly attributed to a later interpolation. This book also provides textual evidence of minor, strategic redactional changes to the Hebrew Bible and the Samaritan Pentateuch that demonstrate the evolving, polemical, sectarian discourse between Jews and Samaritans as they were competing for the superiority of their respective temples and holy mountains. These minor strategic changes to the HB were used as the ideological motivation in the Second Temple Jewish literary tradition for the relocation of Shalem away from the Samaritan religious center at Mt. Gerizim to the Levitical priestly center in Jerusalem. This book also examines how the possible reference to Melchizedek in Ps. 110 may have influenced later Judaism’s understanding of Melchizedek.
The Evasive Guru and the Errant Wife
Authors: Raman Srilata
Published: July 2019

The chapter discusses a conflict within the Śaiva Siddhānta tradition in what is present-day Tamil Nadu. The conflict concerned was started in the 1860s by an attack of Arumuga Navalar, a Śaivite scholar, who represented a form of religious neo-traditionalism, on Ramalinga Swamigal, a modern Śaiva poet and self-styled siddha. The struggle revolved around the definition of the Śaivite canon. Navalar was upset by Ramalinga’s success with the songs he had composed, a collection of which was published in 1867 under the name Tiruvaruṭpā. Navalar, highly critical of extant practices, especially of those of lower-caste people, opposed the acceptance of Ramalinga and his songs as being on par with those of the earlier poet-saints. The author places this conflict in the context of changes of earlier polemical literary traditions regarding the attitude to the past. The author sees Navalar as pursuing a deliberate ‘Protestantization’ of Śaivism, laying down new lines of exclusion and inclusion.
Jain Identity and the Public Sphere in Nineteenth-Century India
Authors: Cort John E.
Published: July 2019

The author focuses on the creation of a new sense of religious identity across Indian religions over the nineteenth century, analysing in particular the process in which a pan-Indian concept of being ‘Jain’ developed. The chapter discusses two conflictual cases that turned around whether or not it is proper for Jains to worship icons of the Jinas. The cases involved Ḍhuṇḍhiyā or Sthānakvāsī and Mūrtipūjak Jains, critiques and proponents of icon worship, and, in the case of the second dispute, also the founder of the Arya Samaj, Dayanand Saraswati. Whereas in the 1820s, identity was primarily defined by caste, sixty years later the common identity was that of shared religious belonging. Demonstrating the role of the new public sphere, the author argues that two colonialism-driven projects came together here, the introduction of the British legal system, and the introduction of new technologies of travel, communication, and dissemination of information.
The Logics of Multiple Belonging
Authors: Sangari Kumkum
Published: July 2019

The chapter discusses Gandhi moving from a synthetic Hinduism in the 1910s/20s to a discourse of multiple belonging in the 1940s, however permeated by tensions. The chapter takes Gandhi as standing in a line with earlier thinkers such as Ibn al-‘Arabi and Bulhe Shah. Gandhi attempted to formulate a set of ethical and metaphysical universals that were common to all religions. In Gandhi’s view, none had the right to condemn or reform the elements of any religion but his/her own. The author sees Gandhi attempting to devise a non-sectarian Hinduism that was inclusive of all that was exemplary in other religions. In the 1940s, Gandhi’s earlier intuition of simultaneously belonging to all religions grew into greater prominence and he denied the view that religions were the exclusive property of those born into them. However, when Gandhi tried claiming a special universalizeability for Hinduism, he too fell victim to the idea of Hindu exceptionalism.
Dhamma and the Common Good
Authors: Fuchs Martin
Published: July 2019

The chapter discusses Bhimrao Ambedkar’s approach to religion. Attacking the religious base of a society in which ‘graded inequality’ was engrained, his project was one of a new universalism of solidarity, grounded in his assumptions about human nature. The chapter explores the socio-analytical frame and the socio-philosophical principles through which Ambedkar approached human sociality, which led him to conclude that religion was a necessity for society, not least under conditions of modernity. True religion for Ambedkar was to promote a universalist idea(l) of humaneness and fellow feeling. For him it was the moral standard that is sacred and that replaces God— a post-religious religion. This found the most adequate expression in the teachings of the Buddha. Unable to convince wider society, Ambedkar pursued the project of conversion to Buddhism of Dalits only. Still, with his magnum opus, The Buddha and His Dhamma, Ambedkar attempted to lay the ground for a moral order that embraces all humans.
Satellite Remote Sensing and the Management of Natural Resources
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: July 2019

This book intends to familiarise prospective users in the environmental community with satellite remote sensing technology and its applications, introducing terminology and principles behind satellite remote sensing data and analyses. It provides a detailed overview of the possible applications of satellite data in natural resource management, demonstrating how ecological knowledge and satellite-based information can be effectively combined to address a wide array of current natural resource management needs. Topics considered include the use of satellite data to monitor the various dimensions of biodiversity; the use of this technology to track pressures on biodiversity such as invasive species, pollution, and illegal fishing; the utility of satellite remote sensing to inform the management of protected areas, translocation, and habitat restoration; and the contribution of satellite remote sensing towards the monitoring of ecosystem services and wellbeing. The intended audience is ecologists and environmental scientists; the book is targeted as a handbook and is therefore also suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in the biological and ecological sciences, as well as policy makers and specialists in the fields of conservation biology, biodiversity monitoring, and natural resource management. The book assumes no prior technical knowledge of satellite remote sensing systems and products. It is written so as to generate interest in the ecological, environmental management, and remote sensing communities, highlighting issues associated with the emergence of truly synergistic approaches between these disciplines.
Satellite remote sensing and the management of invasive species
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: July 2019

This chapter reviews opportunities for satellite remote sensing approaches to support the management of invasive species, starting by providing clear definitions of what invasive species are, in comparison, for example, with alien or exotic species. It provides an overview of sensors and approaches most relevant to the direct tracking of invasive plant species, and then expands this overview to methodologies and satellite-derived variables that can be used to predict the distribution range of invasive plant and animal species. The contribution demonstrates how satellite remote sensing information can ultimately aid optimisation of control mechanisms to prevent further spread and minimise their impacts. The various case studies introduced in this part of the book are used to discuss a number of key principles, such as the importance of the spatial and spectral configuration for reliably determining the distribution and patch sizes of invasive alien plant species; and the importance of taking into account the ecology as well as the morphological and structural features of the target species when trying to identify suitable remote sensing-based monitoring approaches.
Satellite remote sensing to support agriculture and forestry
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: July 2019

This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of how satellite data can be used to support agriculture and forestry. The first two parts explore how satellite imagery can be used to monitor forests and crops, looking at opportunities to track changes in parameters such as tree height, tree ring width, and tree mortality from space, and reviewing how satellite data can be used for crop phenology and crop disease monitoring, as well as for crop yield measurements and predictions. The next sections focus on satellite remote sensing as a way to improve practices, discussing how satellite remote sensing technology can provide information on soil properties and inform management through the assessment of plant physiological status. The chapter concludes by discussing the role of satellite remote sensing in the context of precision farming and sustainable land use, and its possible contribution toward developing management practices at the field level to maximise economic output and to reduce adverse impact on the environment.
Serial Encounters
Authors: Hutton Clare
Published: July 2019

James Joyce’s Ulysses was first published in New York in the Little Review between 1918 and 1920. What kind of reception did it have and how does the serial version of the text differ from the version most readers know, the iconic volume edition published in Paris in 1922 by Shakespeare and Company? Joyce prepared much of Ulysses for serial publication while resident in Zurich between 1915 and 1919. This original study, which is based on sustained archival research, goes behind the scenes in Zurich and New York to recover long-forgotten facts pertinent to the writing, reception, and interpretation of Ulysses. The Little Review serialization of Ulysses proved controversial from the outset and was ultimately stopped before Joyce had completed the work. The New York Society for the Suppression of Vice took successful legal action against the journal’s editors, on the grounds that the final instalment of the thirteenth chapter of Ulysses was obscene. This triumph of the social purity movement had far-reaching repercussions for Joyce’s subsequent publishing history, and for his ongoing efforts in composing Ulysses. After chapters of contextual literary history, the study moves on to consider the textual significance of the serialization. It breaks new ground in Joycean scholarship by paying critical attention to Ulysses as a serial text. It concludes by examining the myriad ways in which Joyce revised and augmented Ulysses while resident in Paris, showing how Joyce made Ulysses more sexually suggestive and overt in explicit response to its legal reception in New York.
Introduction
Authors: Hutton Clare
Published: July 2019

This introductory chapter introduces the key facts in the publication history of Ulysses, including the key events behind the serialization of the text in the Little Review between 1918 and 1920. It discusses the ways in which errors entered Joyce’s text and looks, briefly, at the editorial rationale and controversy of Hans Walter Gabler’s Critical and Synoptic Edition of Ulysses (1984). This introductory chapter also provides a summary of the study’s four-chapter structure and states the key argument of the book: that the serialization of Ulysses is of critical, contextual, and genetic significance for the interpretation of the work as a whole.
Elegy Unrestored
Authors: James David
Published: July 2019

Showing how elegy thrives as vibrantly in contemporary narrative as in its natural habitat of poetry, Chapter 3 reads two grief-memoirs—Julian Barnes’s Levels of Life (2013) and Helen Macdonald’s H is for Hawk (2014)—alongside Colm Tóibín’s 2014 historical (and implicitly autobiographical) novel, Nora Webster. Together they ask not only whether grief’s intricacies can ever be captured in language but also whether the quest for such a language reaches for aesthetic consolations of its own, setting up an internal competition in these works between bereavement’s ingenious description and the proviso of inexpressibility that elegies often thematize. The chapter revisits critical accounts of elegy as a genre that has traditionally fostered solace, in order to show how Barnes, Macdonald, and Tóibín intensify elegy’s reflexivity and its capacity to resist the simplification of consolation itself as a flimsy remedy bent on resolution.
The Religion of Style
Authors: James David
Published: July 2019

Chapter 4 brings together two strikingly different novels that exhibit comparable modes of proleptic mourning: Marilynne Robinson’s Gilead (2004) and J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron (1990). Their plots sketch preparations for mortality, testing consolation’s sufficiency without stripping its contribution to the role fiction can ‘play’ in what Paul Ricoeur calls ‘the apprenticeship of dying’. Testaments to what writing itself might conserve in advance of what cannot be altered, these epistolary fictions of expectation place the perceived consolations of religion in critical conversation with the ethically contestable consolations of style. They confirm Ricoeur’s warning that when ‘consolation’ emerges in fiction, ‘one must not cry self-delusion too hastily’, even if the unpicking of self-delusion is part of a novel’s economy of affect—as Disgrace (1999), the chapter’s third selection, powerfully exemplifies, a work that interrogates its own redemptive language of the soul at a juncture for South African culture characterized by pervasive disappointment and the irreparable pain of apartheid’s legacy.
Inference without Reckoning
Authors: Siegel Susanna
Published: July 2019

What kinds of transitions in the mind constitute inference? A powerful idea, found in Frege, is that inference from state X to state Y requires the inferrer to represent in some way that X supports Y. This chapter argues that this model of inference would be stable and motivated only if the inferring subjects met a self-awareness condition, in which they are aware or can become aware by reflection of what they are inferentially responding to and why. It argues against the model on the grounds that a large class of mental transitions meet the hallmarks of inference yet fail to meet the self-awareness condition. It argues that a better model for inference drops the self-awareness condition and allows that subjects regularly draw inferences even when they do not represent what they are inferentially responding to or why.
Clientelism, Cronyism, and Job Creation in Lebanon
Authors: Diwan Ishac , Haidar Jamal Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

This chapter investigates how politically connected firms affect job creation in Lebanon. Using firm-level census data, the chapter first establishes that politically connected firms create more jobs than otherwise similar unconnected firms. This overstaffing increased around the 2009 parliamentary elections. These findings suggest that firms and politicians exchange favors, whereby firms receive various regulatory privileges, and pay-back politicians (in part) by employing some of their supporters. Second, the chapter evaluates the economic costs of cronyism, showing how sectors with more connected firms create fewer jobs compared to otherwise similar sectors with no cronyism. Using several pieces of evidence, the authors argue that this occurs because unconnected firms reduce their own job creation sharply in the face of unfair competition from connected firms. The chapter also describes how these effects were larger during the 2009 election year.
Elections and Economic Cycles
Authors: Bircan Çağatay , Saka Orkun
Published: July 2019

This chapter studies the presence of political cycles in Turkey’s recent economic history. It first discusses the incentives and the ability of the central government to engage in opportunistic behavior to boost economic activity around local elections. It then describes how the tools available to the government on the fiscal and banking fronts have changed since the 2001 crisis. The chapter documents suggestive evidence that state-owned banks engage in selective lending in the run-up to local elections when compared with private banks. This selective lending seems to favor provinces where the governing party faces greater competition from the opposition. There is less evidence regarding fiscal spending. The chapter discusses the implications of politically motivated policies on financial inclusion and aggregate efficiency.
Music as affective scaffolding
Authors: Krueger Joel
Published: July 2019

For 4E cognitive science, minds are embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended. Proponents observe that we regularly ‘offload’ our thinking onto body and world: we use gestures and calculators to augment mathematical reasoning, and smartphones and search engines as memory aids. This chapter argues that music is a ‘beyond-the-head’ resource that affords offloading. Via this offloading, music scaffolds access to new forms of thought, experience, and behaviour. The chapter focuses on music’s capacity to scaffold emotional consciousness, including the self-regulative processes constitutive of emotional consciousness. In developing this idea, the chapter considers the ‘material’ and ‘worldmaking’ character of music, applying these considerations to two case studies: music as a tool for religious worship, and music as a weapon for torture.
Performative passivity: Lessons on phenomenology and the extended musical mind with the Danish String Quartet
Authors: Høffding Simon
Published: July 2019

Based on interviews with the Danish String Quartet, this chapter points to limitations in the philosophical literature that construes musical absorption primarily as involving various forms of reflective and pre-reflective self-awareness. It then shows the paradigmatic experience of musical absorption as being expressed in statements such as ‘It wasn’t I who played the music’ or ‘The music played/came by itself’. To understand this type of experience, the chapter presents a new framework of ‘performative passivity’, relying on an analysis of the Husserlian notion of passivity or passive synthesis. Finally, it shows how the body, the performer’s emotions, and the nature of the performed music are centrally involved in performative passivity.
Absorption and openness to experience: An everyday tale of traits, states, and consciousness change with music
Authors: Herbert Ruth
Published: July 2019

In what ways may individual differences in personality, age, and training shape subjective experiences with and of music? And how far is it possible to determine whether particular personality characteristics may predict the capacity for certain subtle shifts of consciousness such as episodes of spontaneous, effortless involvement? This chapter examines the construct of openness (the fifth and most variably defined ‘Big Five’ dimension) and the associated subconstruct of absorption, both of which have attracted increasing attention from researchers in the last five years. Drawing on a subset of findings from a mixed-methods study of 10–18 year olds’ involvement in music in daily life, the chapter outlines what trait and state models can and cannot reveal about the phenomenology of musical consciousness.
Demonstrative specialization and the emergence of the determiner cel
Authors: Nicolae Alexandru
Published: July 2019

The first part of the chapter discusses the gradual steps of the diachronic specialization of Romanian demonstratives, the effect of which is a strict correlation between morphological strength (weak/strong) and syntactic status (head/phrase). The postnominal demonstrative construction of modern Romanian is shown to emerge diachronically from the structural simplification of a biphrasal appositional construction in a parametrically ambiguous context. The adjacency constraints active in DPs with postnominal demonstratives result from the phrasal status of strong demonstratives in conjunction with the general DP-internal movement options of modern Romanian. One of the effects of the specialization of demonstratives is the detachment of a distal weak form from the class of demonstratives (i.e. cel), and its grammaticalization as a freestanding definite determiner with special distributional and interpretative properties in Romanian; the development of the cel-constructions is taken up in the second part of the chapter.
Crystallizing the relationship between adolescents, music, and emotions
Authors: McFerran Katrina
Published: July 2019

The ways that young people use music to work with emotions is impressively diverse and difficult to box into categories of good and bad, helpful and unhelpful. The intersection of where, when, and why the young person is using music is further complicated by what music, what associations, and what conscious and unconscious intentions the young person has. This introductory chapter canvasses the vast landscape of music, adolescents, and emotions, using the lens of crystallization to consider the different perspectives offered by young people, music therapists, and music psychologists. The result is a rich and varied picture that places agency in the hands of the young person and encourages all caring adults to engage with the multiple possibilities that music affords.
Between down in the dumps and over the moon: Music therapy for young people with depression
Authors: Geipel Josephine
Published: July 2019

This chapter introduces a music therapy treatment manual for depressed young people with an emphasis on emotion regulation that is descriptively explained using illustrative examples. A short overview on the current state of research and on treatment approaches for children and adolescents with depression is provided. Recent research that supports the hypothesis of depression mainly being a disorder of emotion regulation involving severe mood disturbances is described. Furthermore, a strong association between music processing and emotion regulation is identified. Since listening to music and associated activities are of major importance to young people, a treatment manual tailored to integrating findings from current music therapy practice and research was developed. The focus of the manual is mainly on stabilization, improvement of emotion regulation, and working on interpersonal relationships, integrating interventions such as playlist creation, improvisation, songwriting, and mindful music listening.
Personality traits and music in adolescence
Authors: Miranda Dave
Published: July 2019

For centuries, and across cultures, people have wondered what kind of relationship there is between music and human nature. A personality psychology perspective may address this fundamental question on music by considering that personality traits are dispositions that constitute part of human nature. Hence, the classic question about how music is associated with human nature may at least in part be answered by examining if and how personality traits and music are interrelated. The objective of this chapter is to review the recent literature on personality traits and music in adolescence, with an eye on wellbeing. The first part discusses possible interrelations between personality traits and music listening. The second part considers putative relationships between personality traits and music making. Research directions are briefly outlined.
Musical preference and social identity in adolescence
Authors: Lamont Alexandra , Hargreaves David
Published: July 2019

The idea that a ‘musicianship of listening’ might exist alongside the more conventional notion of musicianship based on composition, improvisation, and performance forms the starting point of our analysis of the importance and function of musical preferences in adolescence. We consider adolescents’ musical preferences, a key part of their social identities, in the context of broader lifespan changes in musical preference, looking in particular at the explanatory power of the notion of ‘open-earedness’. We consider the main psychological theories of adolescent musical preference, distinguishing between those based on social identity theory and those which adopt different sociocultural approaches. There can be no doubt that musical preferences form a central part of the identities of many adolescents, and that the notion of a musicianship of listening can help explain why these preferences are integral to their social relationships and wellbeing.
‘Forever piping songs forever new’: The musical teenager and musical inner teenager across the life course
Authors: Nora Tia De
Published: July 2019

Age is a flexible construction. It takes shape in relation to a social distribution of cultural resources for the configuration of age-specific identities. It is spatially and temporally produced. This chapter describes how musical engagement can produce anachronistic enactments of age-linked categories. Studying the ways that music is appropriated for this purpose highlights age-banded categories—adolescence included—as identity performances, constituted through musical practices, tastes, listening habits, and engagement. Music can also facilitate anachronistic age identities and these may offer developmental opportunities as well as opportunities for asylum (shelter from distressing features of daily life). This chapter explores how ‘reverting’ to adolescent musical practices and tastes affords the identity performance of the ‘inner teen’. It concludes that using music for age-band travel can be catalytic for major life change as well as for smaller processes of adaptation and coping.
Entangled musical lives: Affordances of spaces in young people’s music engagement for connectedness and wellbeing
Authors: O’Neill Susan A.
Published: July 2019

The affordances of spaces in young people’s music engagement through which they derive a sense of connectedness and wellbeing are explored in this chapter. Specifically, the chapter examines how the material, relational, and multimodal nature of young people’s music engagement (referred to here as entangled musical lives) promotes connectedness and wellbeing within physical, virtual, and hybrid life spaces. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from new materialism and multiliteracies, which allow for the interdisciplinary study of two dimensions of music making in their entanglement—meaning and materiality—this chapter offers insights into how music, connectedness, and wellbeing might be conceptualized as an enactment of possibilities for reconfiguring this complex entanglement. Applying these insights to our understanding of how young people navigate and negotiate musical spaces can help us to understand and reassert music and materiality into the embodied practices of young people’s music engagement.
Globalizing adolescence: Digital music cultures and music therapy
Authors: Viega Michael
Published: July 2019

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, digital technology has connected adolescents to a global youth culture that subverts and bypasses traditional means of consuming music. In health-related contexts, adolescents can use digital tools to sample, edit, layer, manipulate, and record their own soundscapes, which allows them to have agency over their own narratives and share them with others. Concurrently, therapists acquire empathy for the lived experience of an adolescent by understanding the use of, and attuning to, the digital production components of songs used and created in therapy. Using the author’s first-person experience with digital technology and adolescents in music therapy, this chapter investigates the evolving role of digital music and media for both adolescents and therapists, exploring the ways it can (re)connect youth to a global community and have their voices heard.
“More like Odysseus”
Authors: Dougherty Carol
Published: July 2019

This chapter offers a reading of Michael Ondaatje’s 1992 novel The English Patient in which four characters take refuge in an abandoned Italian Villa outside Florence in the final year of World War II trying to put themselves and their stories back together again. While Odysseus, too, takes up temporary residence with Calypso, Circe, and the Phaeacians as he makes his way home, the Odyssey doesn’t choose to dwell on or in these homes on the road for long, focusing instead on its hero’s return to Ithaca, and so reading the Odyssey together with The English Patient suggests that the comforts of home might be complemented by the possibilities of travel as much as they are put in tension with movement. A recurrent theme in Michael Ondaatje’s fiction is a fascination with “people who are tentative about where they belong,” and The English Patient appropriates a sense of the complications of and complementarities between travel and return that are already at play in Homer’s Odyssey and elaborates their potential in a contemporary postcolonial, postwar context. Not only can you take your home with you wherever you go, you can make your home wherever you go, as well, his novel suggests.
“This house is different”
Authors: Dougherty Carol
Published: July 2019

This chapter offers a reading of Rebecca West’s 1918 debut novel The Return of the Soldier, which tells the story of a British soldier whose head injury on the battlefields of World War I sends him back to a home he does not recognize. The novel is one of the first to engage directly with the effects of World War I, and yet its focus is not the horrors of the battlefield but rather the effects of war upon the home front, unsettling some of the romantic notions of homecoming that the Homeric epic celebrates and prompting an exploration of the complicated relationship of memory and its loss within narratives of return. Read together with West’s novel, the Odyssey emerges as a poem equally interested in the complicated emotions of homecoming—the pleasure and pain that surround absence and return, remembering and forgetting.
Health in humanitarian crises
Authors: Toole Mike
Published: July 2019

The number of refugees and other displaced people, worldwide, is now at its highest level since World War II. Specific health considerations for those who are caught up in humanitarian crisis situations, most commonly conflict and post-conflict settings, are the subject of this chapter. The author outlines the common causes of morbidity and mortality and the range of medical specializations required to meet the health needs. The chapter highlights the risk of re-emergence of infectious disease epidemics due to poor living conditions and the vulnerabilities of different population groups to disease, poor health, and malnutrition. The chapter concludes with a summary of the best practice guidance and health service packages to employ during refugee crises.
Conducting health research with resettled refugees in Australia: field sites, ethics, and methods
Authors: McMichael Celia , Nunn Caitlin
Published: July 2019

Research involving resettled refugees presents many complexities. In particular, how do we engage ethically with research participants and also ensure that the data we produce is rigorous and makes a productive contribution to knowledge about refugee health? This chapter reflects on two qualitative research projects involving people from refugee backgrounds who have resettled in Victoria, Australia: one project with refugee-background women living in the capital city, Melbourne; another with refugee-background youth living in Bendigo, a regional city. Both projects focused on refugee settlement and psychosocial health. Focusing on three key aspects of the research process: conceptualizing the field site, ethics in practice and qualitative research methods, we suggest that the dual imperatives of refugee research—significance to people with refugee backgrounds and relevant agencies, institutions and governments, and ethical and rigorous research practice—are best served by a reflexive, sensitive and creative relationship with both the research process and with refugee-background participants.
The politics of immigrant and refugee health in the United States
Authors: Grodin Michael , Crosby Sondra , Annas George
Published: July 2019

Over 25 years of experience from the field have resulted in important lessons learned concerning how to best approach the multifaceted, complex treatment of immigrants and refugees. Continuing this work, it is important to educate medical communities about tried-and-true best practices and cultural sensitivity, as well as the integration of culturally-related practices in different clinical contexts. The medical model is inadequate to address the systematic challenges inherent in caring for displaced and traumatized populations. Beyond the clinical realm, systems are needed to advocate on behalf of immigrant and refugee communities using policy and law instruments; system-level intervention is the most effective way to address structural barriers to the highest possible standard of health and human rights.
How to Use Oil Revenues Efficiently
Authors: Devarajan Shantayanan
Published: July 2019

Oil-rich countries systematically misallocate public expenditures relative to non-oil countries—by favoring consumption over capital, and within consumption, inefficient subsidies and public sector wages over targeted transfers. Furthermore, for given levels of expenditure, value for money is considerably less in oil-rich countries. This chapter argues that the reason for this inefficiency is that oil revenues go directly to the government without passing through the hands of the citizens, as is the case with tax revenues. As a result, governments in oil countries are less accountable for public expenditure, which leads to inefficient spending. To improve public spending efficiency, we propose that all oil revenues be distributed directly to citizens, and the resources that government needs be raised through taxation. We show that such a scheme improves the efficiency of public spending. We consider possible obstacles to such a reform and show that they have been overcome by technology, politics, and global events.
Fiscal Institutions and Macroeconomic Management in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Soto Raimundo
Published: July 2019

The UAE has seemingly escaped “the natural resource curse”: it is one of the richest countries in the world and ranks comparatively highly on business environment, infrastructure, and institutional development. Symptoms of the curse can nevertheless be found in the very low growth in labor productivity, massive public sector overemployment, and the inability to counteract instability induced by oil price cycles. This chapter shows that fiscal policy is highly ineffective as a countercyclical tool due to the absence of income and ad-valorem taxes. Stabilizing instruments—such as open-budgeting procedures or fiscal rules—are notoriously absent. Why would a country design its fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies so that they allow for high levels of pro-cyclicality, thereby hampering efficiency and long-run growth? A political economy explanation is developed whereby weak fiscal institutions are an agreed-upon mechanism to secure political stability and transfer oil wealth among emiratis and to future generations.
After TPP Is Before TPP: Mexican Politics for Economic Globalization and the Lost Chance for Reflection
Authors: Rodiles Alejandro
Published: July 2019

This chapter presents an analytical pathological appraisal of elite thinking and mobilization in Mexico after the Trump administration withdrew from TPP and forced Mexico to engage in NAFTA renegotiations. It examines the strategies developed by political and economic elites in response to the threat of trade war coming from Mexico’s most important trade partner. This analysis shows that, although Mexican elites developed sophisticated heuristics in order to confront the immediate challenge from the government in Washington DC, they did not engage in what should be a very important debate about Mexico’s role in the reconfigurations of global trade and order. This is a missed opportunity for Mexico which could affect its role in the ongoing reconfigurations of global trade and law, and thus its future stature in world politics.