bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Jiajie , Ma David
Published: November 2014

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Dietary fatty acids, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are believed to play a role in reducing BC risk. Evidence has shown that fish consumption or intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial for inhibiting mammary carcinogenesis. The evidence regarding α-linolenic acid (ALA), however, remains equivocal. It is essential to clarify the relation between ALA and cancer since ALA is the principal source of n-3 PUFA in the Western diet and the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is not efficient in humans. In addition, the specific anticancer roles of individual n-3 PUFA, alone, have not yet been identified. Therefore, the present review evaluates ALA, EPA and DHA consumed individually as well as in n-3 PUFA mixtures. Also, their role in the prevention of BC and potential anticancer mechanisms of action are examined. Overall, this review suggests that each n-3 PUFA has promising anticancer effects and warrants further research.
Sampling-Based Real-Time Motion Planning under State Uncertainty for Autonomous Micro-Aerial Vehicles in GPS-Denied Environments
Authors: Li Dachuan , Li Qing , Cheng Nong , Song Jingyan
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a real-time motion planning approach for autonomous vehicles with complex dynamics and state uncertainty. The approach is motivated by the motion planning problem for autonomous vehicles navigating in GPS-denied dynamic environments, which involves non-linear and/or non-holonomic vehicle dynamics, incomplete state estimates, and constraints imposed by uncertain and cluttered environments. To address the above motion planning problem, we propose an extension of the closed-loop rapid belief trees, the closed-loop random belief trees (CL-RBT), which incorporates predictions of the position estimation uncertainty, using a factored form of the covariance provided by the Kalman filter-based estimator. The proposed motion planner operates by incrementally constructing a tree of dynamically feasible trajectories using the closed-loop prediction, while selecting candidate paths with low uncertainty using efficient covariance update and propagation. The algorithm can operate in real-time, continuously providing the controller with feasible paths for execution, enabling the vehicle to account for dynamic and uncertain environments. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can generate feasible trajectories that reduce the state estimation uncertainty, while handling complex vehicle dynamics and environment constraints.
Rapid Immunoenzyme Assay of Aflatoxin B1 Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Urusov Alexandr , Petrakova Alina , Vozniak Maxim , Zherdev Anatoly , Dzantiev Boris
Published: November 2014

The main limitations of microplate-based enzyme immunoassays are the prolonged incubations necessary to facilitate heterogeneous interactions, the complex matrix and poorly soluble antigens, and the significant sample dilutions often required because of the presence of organic extractants. This study presents the use of antibody immobilization on the surface of magnetic particles to overcome these limitations in the detection of the mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1. Features of the proposed system are a high degree of nanoparticle dispersion and methodologically simple immobilization of the antibodies by adsorption. Reactions between the immobilized antibodies with native and labeled antigens are conducted in solution, thereby reducing the interaction period to 5 min without impairing the analytical outcome. Adsorption of immunoglobulins on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles increases their stability in aqueous-organic media, thus minimizing the degree of sample dilution required. Testing barley and maize extracts demonstrated a limit of aflatoxin B1 detection equal to 20 pg/mL and total assay duration of 20 min. Using this method, only the 3-fold dilution of the initial methanol/water (60/40) extraction mixture in the microplate wells is necessary. The proposed pseudo-homogeneous approach could be applied toward immunodetection of a wide range of compounds.
Can Consumers Understand Sustainability through Seafood Eco-Labels? A U.S. and UK Case Study
Authors: Gutierrez Alexis , Thornton Thomas
Published: November 2014

In the United States and the United Kingdom, over the last decade major retail chains have increasingly publicized their efforts to supply sustainably sourced and eco-labelled seafood. Debate exists over the extent of consumer demand for this product. Seafood eco-labels purportedly resolve the information asymmetry between producer and consumer, allowing consumers who care about sustainability to easily find and purchase these products. This paper discusses the idealized model of seafood eco-labelling in promoting sustainability and presents results of US and UK case studies based on consumer interviews and surveys, which found that consumers had often seen one or more seafood eco-labels. Two well-established eco-labels, dolphin-safe and organic, drove these rates of sustainable seafood awareness. These rates are interpreted in the context of consumer’s understanding of sustainable. The Sustainable Seafood Movement’s efforts to increase the supply of eco-labelled seafood and elaborate corporate buying policies for sustainable seafood are influencing consumer’s recognition and purchase of certified sustainable seafood products. However, eco-labels are a means to communicate messages about sustainable fisheries to consumers, not an end. Efforts to educate consumers about eco-labels should be a component of ocean literacy efforts, which educate the public about the need for sustainable fisheries.
Aspects of openness in education
Authors: O'Reilly Meg
Published: November 2014

No abstract available.(Published: 18 November 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 26324 -http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.26324
Three new country records from the genus Limnephilus Leach, 1815 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Ibrahimi Halil , Gashi Agim , Bilalli Astrit , Musliu Milaim , Grapci Kotori Linda , Zhushi Etemi Ferdije
Published: November 2014

New faunistic data on Trichoptera from Kosovo based on sampling carried out during the autumn of 2013 and first half of 2014 are presented. Limnephilus bipunctatus was found in a small stream in Kaqandoll village located in northern Kosovo and in Shtuticë village located in central Kosovo. Two male specimens of Limnephilus decipiens were found at Gurrat e Hasan Agës Springs and Bistrica e Lloqanit River, an alpine area in the Lloqan mountains, which belong to the Bjeshkët e Nemuna mountains. A single male specimen of Limnephilus stigma was found in Klinë, located in central Kosovo. All three species are rare in Kosovo. A preliminary checklist of eight species of Limnephilus from Kosovo is provided along with biogeographical and ecological notes. This paper is a further contribution to the faunistic list of Trichoptera of Kosovo, one of the least explored countries in Europe.
EcoGrid
Authors: Mehta Hemant Kumar
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a toolkit for evaluation of resource management algorithms developed for Grid computing. This simulator named as EcoGrid and it is devised to support large number of resource or computing nodes and processes. Generally, grid simulators represent each resource using a thread that occupies large amount of space on the thread stack in main memory. However, EcoGrid models each node by an object instead of a thread. Memory space used by an object is much smaller than a thread, thus EcoGrid is highly scalable as compared to state-of-the-art simulators. EcoGrid is dynamically configurable and works with real as well as synthetic workloads. The simulator is bundled with a synthetic load generator that generates the workload using appropriate statistical distributions.
OX40- and CD27-Mediated Costimulation Synergizes with Anti–PD-L1 Blockade by Forcing Exhausted CD8+ T Cells To Exit Quiescence
Authors: Buchan Sarah L. , Manzo Teresa , Flutter Barry , Rogel Anne , Edwards Noha , Zhang Lei , Sivakumaran Shivajanani , Ghorashian Sara , Carpenter Ben , Bennett Clare L. , Freeman Gordon J. , Sykes Megan , Croft Michael , Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Chakraverty Ronjon
Published: November 2014

Exhaustion of chronically stimulated CD8+ T cells is a significant obstacle to immune control of chronic infections or tumors. Although coinhibitory checkpoint blockade with anti–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) Ab can restore functions to exhausted T cell populations, recovery is often incomplete and dependent upon the pool size of a quiescent T-bethigh subset that expresses lower levels of PD-1. In a model in which unhelped, HY-specific CD8+ T cells gradually lose function following transfer to male bone marrow transplantation recipients, we have explored the effect of shifting the balance away from coinhibition and toward costimulation by combining anti–PD-L1 with agonistic Abs to the TNFR superfamily members, OX40 and CD27. Several weeks following T cell transfer, both agonistic Abs, but especially anti-CD27, demonstrated synergy with anti–PD-L1 by enhancing CD8+ T cell proliferation and effector cytokine generation. Anti-CD27 and anti–PD-L1 synergized by downregulating the expression of multiple quiescence-related genes concomitant with a reduced frequency of T-bethigh cells within the exhausted population. However, in the presence of persistent Ag, the CD8+ T cell response was not sustained and the overall size of the effector cytokine-producing pool eventually contracted to levels below that of controls. Thus, CD27-mediated costimulation can synergize with coinhibitory checkpoint blockade to switch off molecular programs for quiescence in exhausted T cell populations, but at the expense of losing precursor cells required to maintain a response.
Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Sirohi Bhawna , Barreto Savio G. , Chacko Raju T. , Parikh Purvish M. , Pautu Jeremy , Arya Supreeta , Patil Prachi , Chilukuri Srinivas C. , Ganesh B , Kaur Tanvir , Shukla Deepak Shankar , Rath Goura
Published: November 2014

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y

This consensus statement was produced along with the gastric cancer discussions as stomach is the most common site for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The recommendations apply to treatment of GIST.Evaluation of a patient with newly diagnosed GIST should include essential tests: A standard white light endoscopy with 6-8 biopsies (c-KIT testing on immunohistochemistry) from the tumor for confirmation of the diagnosis, a computed tomography (CT) scan (multi-detector or helical) of the abdomen and pelvis for staging with a CT chest or chest X-ray, and complete blood counts, renal function tests and liver function tests. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/positron emission tomography (PET)-CT are not recommended for all patients.For localized and resectable disease, surgery is recommended. The need for adjuvant treatment with imatinib would be guided by the risk stratification on the histopathological analysis of the resected specimen.For localized but borderline resectable tumors, upfront surgery may be considered only if complications due to the tumor are present such as major bleeding or gastric outlet obstruction. In all other patients, neoadjuvant imatinib should be considered to downstage the disease followed by surgery (with a curative intent, if feasible) in those with stable or partial response. This may be followed by adjuvant imatinib. In those patients with a poor response, further imatinib with dose escalation or sunitinib may be considered.Patients with metastatic disease must be assessed for treatment with imatinib as first-line therapy followed by sunitinib as second-line therapy versus best supportive care on an individual basis.
Incrimination of Aedes (Stegomyia) hensilli Farner as an Epidemic Vector of Chikungunya Virus on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia, 2013
Authors: Savage Harry M. , Ledermann Jeremy P. , Yug Laurence , Burkhalter Kristen L. , Marfel Maria , Hancock W. Thane
Published: November 2014

Two species of Aedes (Stegomyia) were collected in response to the first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak on Yap Island: the native species Ae. hensilli Farner and the introduced species Ae. aegypti (L.). Fourteen CHIKV-positive mosquito pools were detected. Six pools were composed of female Ae. hensilli, six pools were composed of female Ae. aegypti, one pool was composed of male Ae. hensilli, and one pool contained female specimens identified as Ae. (Stg.) spp. Infection rates were not significantly different between female Ae. hensilli and Ae. aegypti. The occurrence of human cases in all areas of Yap Island and the greater number of sites that yielded virus from Ae. hensilli combined with the ubiquitous distribution of this species incriminate Ae. hensilli as the most important vector of CHIKV during the outbreak. Phylogenic analysis shows that virus strains on Yap are members of the Asia lineage and closely related to strains currently circulating in the Caribbean.
Demonstration That a Case of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis in Minnesota in 1977 was Caused by the N2 Strain
Authors: Klein Claudia , Massolo Alessandro
Published: November 2014

Alveolar echinococcosis is the most serious helminthic zoonosis of the northern hemisphere affecting humans. The causative agent, Echinococcus multilocularis, occurs in geographically distinct strains that can be distinguished based on sequence variations of mitochondrial genes and nuclear microsatellite targets. This report finds that the human case of Alveolar echinococcosis occurring in Minnesota in 1977 was caused by the N2 haplotype described previously; the N2 haplotype is distinct from European and Asian isolates of the parasite and is restricted to the central region of North America.
The Morality of Suicide Terrorism and Boko Haram Challenges in Nigeria.
Authors: Obi C , Ezeogu U A
Published: November 2014

In the recent years, Nigeria has witnessed the insurgent of terrorist attacks by a group known as Boko Haram. A clear approach to the ideological spring of this Islamic sect has eluded scholarly discussion. One of the major moral challenges with Boko Haram menace has been its method and approach to their struggle. Though there is no clarity with the ideological aims, goals or objectives of this sect, but its acceptance of suicide terrorism in their struggle has become great issues of concern. Boko Haram’s suicide terrorism has raised a lot of philosophical questions; what are the grievances that motivated members and sympathizers of Boko Haram? What are the sociopolitical factors that sustain their ideological resonance and operational capability? What are the rationales behind modern religiously inspired terrorism? How did Boko Haram emerge? Is it different from other terrorist groups? What has led to the current outbreak of violence, in the form of Boko Haram? Have conditions somehow worsened in recent years? Is the violence largely a result of a particularly popular radicalizing agent? Does a religion have a right to enjoin acts which are irrational and immoral? Or does the religious person have the converse right–even a God-given right–to analyze the tenets of a religion for conformity to reason, and to resolutely discountenance any religious directives which go clearly against reason and ethics? The crux of this work is to philosophically consider the moral implication of suicide terrorism with particular reference to Boko haram.
Re-interpreting Genesis 34 in the Light of Religious Violence in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwueye L E , Umeanolue I L
Published: November 2014

Religion plays significant roles in social harmony, yet it also serves as a motivation for violence. In Nigeria, religion has been at the centre of most violent conflicts, thereby gaining notoriety as one of the prime security challenges confronting the country. Genesis 34 is an important chapter in the Old Testament Bible. It demonstrates the violence done to Dinah, the only daughter of Jacob by Shechem and also the violence done by the children of Jacob to Hamor, Shechem and the whole community. This shows the reality of violence in every nation that is made of up of various tribes and ethnic groups. The reality of violence in Nigeria is even more pronounced as the nation is made up of millions of people with many ethnic groups and with various religious affiliations. Genesis 34 also gives the causes of religious violence in both Israelite and Nigerian societies. Paramount among the causes of religious violence include religious intolerance, religious fanaticism, lack of forgiveness, poverty, unemployment, suspicion and lack of trust. In order to control religious violence in Nigeria, this paper recommends that there should be respect for one another, respect for sanctity of human life, forgiveness and rightful engagement of youths.
Drama as an Instrument for National Identity Formation
Authors: Ojemudia C C
Published: November 2014

Drama acts as a medium for information dissemination, communication, education, conscientization and entertainment. It is usually created, and its very creation determines what it is and what it does. Drama is created in such a way as to express meaning, feeling, and spirit so that the audience members will have an opportunity to experience what the actors want them to experience. Drama helps man to form a view of the world; a true and large-scale assessment of events; get a rational, reasoned orientation of the world around him; and make a true assessment of his own self. It aesthetically expresses man's emotional-intellectual world in his relationship to the environment. National or personal identity is a direct result of the presence of elements from the shared activities such as drama performances, cultural practices and other common factors in people's daily lives including language, history, culture and consciousness. In Nigeria, drama has played significant roles in forming and consolidating ethnic and national identities. Drama therefore is an effective instrument for Identity formation.
Ethnicity and Social Stability in Nigeria: The Place of Religion
Authors: Nwadialor K L , Uzoigwe A M
Published: November 2014

Nigeria is a multi-ethnic nation with appreciable natural and human resources. Each of the ethnic groups has its peculiarities in terms of culture, language and belief system. These peculiarities and diversities unique as they may be, if properly appreciated and accommodated, provide a platform for mutual respect, peaceful co-existence and national stability. Observations have shown that Nigeria has witnessed series of upsurge in ethnic tension and unrest. Often times, these ethnic tensions translate into religious differences. There is a general notion that religion, especially Christianity and Islam, underpins the ethnic crises in the contemporary times. The consequences of the above observed situation amount to national instability. This paper has therefore investigated the place of religion in Nigeria’s social stability amidst ethnic characters and ideologies. The work adopted literary critical approach and arrived at the conclusion that religion as religion is not responsible for the incessant ethnic crises in Nigeria, however, since it is religion that gives force to ethnicity, therefore, objectivity should take priority in the interpretation and application of religion so as to bring to the barest minimum ethnic conflicts that retard national stability and development.
Acute toxicity of Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) bloom on Moina minuta (Cladocera) in a tropical reservoir, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Vilar Mauro Cesar Palmeira , Araújo-Castro Cristiane Maria Varela de , Moura Ariadne do Nascimento
Published: November 2014

Worldwide cyanobacterial blooms have been registered, where harmful species dominance is associated to producing of toxic compounds (cyanotoxins) with adverse effects on several organisms. Acute toxicity of crude extracts from Microcystis bloom occurring in Mundaú reservoir was evaluated by bioassays with the neotropical Cladocera Moina minuta. Samples were taken in the reservoir during the rainy (April/2012) and dry season (September/2012). Cyanobacterial analyses were performed by identification on optical microscopy and direct counting using an inverted microscope. Bloom samples were frozen, lyophilized and re-suspended in deionized water for preparation of extracts. Tests with the cladoceran were carried out in test tubes with different concentrations of the crude extract, diluted in 10 mL reconstituted water. In both rainy and dry periods, densities of Microcystis spp. were above 15x103 ind mL-1. Microcystin concentrations in the extracts were 0.70 (+ 0,009) (rainy season) and 0.69 (+ 0,005) (dry season) μg g-1. The LC50 (48h) of crude extract for both rainy and dry periods was 160 (100 – 255) and 72 (4 – 1113) mg L-1, respectively. These results indicated that extracts of Microcystis spp. were acutely toxic to M. minuta population with suggesting that such events represent potential toxicity to zooplankton.
Attribution of European precipitation and temperature trends to changes in circulation types
Authors: Fleig A. K. , Tallaksen L. M. , James P. , Hisdal H. , Stahl K.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Surface climate in Europe is changing and patterns in trends have been found to vary at sub-seasonal scales. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of these changes across space and time by analysing to what degree observed climatic trends can be attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation. The relative importance of circulation changes (i.e. trends in circulation type frequencies) as opposed to trends in the hydrothermal properties of circulation types (within-type trends) on precipitation and temperature trends in Europe is assessed on a monthly basis. Gridded precipitation and temperature data originate from the Watch Forcing Dataset and circulation types (CTs) are defined by the objective SynopVis Grosswetterlagen. Relatively high influence of circulation changes are found from January to March, contributing to wetting trends in northern Europe and drying in the South. Simultaneously, in particular dry CTs get warmer first in south-western Europe in November/December and affecting most of Europe in March/April. Strong influence of circulation changes is again found in June and August. In general, circulation influence affects climate trends in north-western Europe stronger than the South-East. The exact locations of the strongest influence of circulation changes vary with time of the year and to some degree between precipitation and temperature. Throughout the year and across the whole of Europe, precipitation and temperature trends are caused by a combination of circulation changes and within-type changes with their relative influence varying between regions, months and climate variables.
Brief Communication: Freaque wave occurrences in 2013
Authors: Liu P. C.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Documenting freaque waves when they occured around the globe in 2013 is based here on news reports on the internet. It was found that there were a total 22 cases of freaque waves in 2013, based on those reported in clearly-defined physically specific environments. There were three cases in the deep ocean, six in nearshore areas, seven on sandy beaches, and seven on rocky shore areas. Note that most of the academic research has been on freaque waves in the deep ocean, which accounts for 13% of all occurrences. The majority of reported occurrences, 87%, are in the nearshore areas or along the beach area. Geographically, these cases are also fairly evenly spread around the globe. As of now, there is no general knowledge regarding the frequency of occurrence of these freaque waves, so that one may assume that 2013 was a customary year for freaque wave occurrences.
Statistical optimization for passive scalar transport: maximum entropy production vs. maximum Kolmogorov–Sinay entropy
Authors: Mihelich M. , Faranda D. , Dubrulle B. , Paillard D.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. We derive rigorous results on the link between the principle of maximum entropy production and the principle of maximum Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy using a Markov model of the passive scalar diffusion called the Zero Range Process. We show analytically that both the entropy production and the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy seen as functions of f admit a unique maximum denoted fmaxEP and fmaxKS. The behavior of these two maxima is explored as a function of the system disequilibrium and the system resolution N. The main result of this article is that fmaxEP and fmaxKS have the same Taylor expansion at first order in the deviation of equilibrium. We find that fmaxEP hardly depends on N whereas fmaxKS depends strongly on N. In particular, for a fixed difference of potential between the reservoirs, fmaxEP(N) tends towards a non-zero value, while fmaxKS(N) tends to 0 when N goes to infinity. For values of N typical of that adopted by Paltridge and climatologists (N ≈ 10 ~ 100), we show that fmaxEP and fmaxKS coincide even far from equilibrium. Finally, we show that one can find an optimal resolution N* such that fmaxEP and fmaxKS coincide, at least up to a second order parameter proportional to the non-equilibrium fluxes imposed to the boundaries. We find that the optimal resolution N* depends on the non equilibrium fluxes, so that deeper convection should be represented on finer grids. This result points to the inadequacy of using a single grid for representing convection in climate and weather models. Moreover, the application of this principle to passive scalar transport parametrization is therefore expected to provide both the value of the optimal flux, and of the optimal number of degrees of freedom (resolution) to describe the system.
The decline of tourism income elasticities in a global context
Authors: Gunter Ulrich , Smeral Egon
Published: November 2014

Based on the standard tourism demand model for quarterly tourism exports of six different world regions and their total, the authors applied a panel econometric approach to measure potential differences in income elasticities due to the medium-term speed of growth of the world economy. The evidence demonstrated that, related to the identified different growth periods, income elasticities showed significant variations. For 1977–1992, it was possible to measure the highest income elasticities of all periods. For 1994–2003 and 2004–2013, the income elasticities decreased from period to period. For the last decade, the values of the income elasticities were lower than 1. The reasons for the decline in the income elasticities from the first to the second period were the ongoing saturation process and the slowing down of economic growth resulting in a change in consumer behaviour. The decline in income elasticities from the second to the third period was mainly due to the dramatic deterioration in the economic environment contributing to higher uncertainty about the future, with the result that precautionary saving increased, liquidity constraints limited expenditures on luxuries in favour of necessities and tourists preferred domestic destinations instead of going abroad.
Anticoagulation in patients with impaired renal function and with haemodialysis
Authors: Hentschel V. A.-T. , Du S. , Zolfaghari S. , Krämer R. , Weiss C. , Krämer B. K. , Wehling M. , Harenberg J.
Published: November 2014

Patients with impaired renal function are exposed to an increased risk for bleeding complications depending on the amount of the anticoagulant eliminated by the kidneys. The elimination of unfractionated heparins, vitamin K antagonists and argatroban is only minimally influenced by a reduced renal function. Low-molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux, danaparoid, hirudins and nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) cause a variably increased bleeding risk in renal impairment. Dose reductions are recommended for all of these anticoagulants in renal impairment, some are even contraindicated at certain levels of renal impairment. Their benefit over the conventional anticoagulants is preserved if renal dosing is employed. For end-stage renal disease patients specific treatment regimens are required.
O envolvimento do jovem administrador com o tema da sustentabilidade ambiental
Authors: Lyra Mariana Bezerra , Rodrigues Germana Barros
Published: November 2014

Este capítulo aborda uma reflexão sobre sustentabilidade ambiental e sua relação com o futuro da Administração na visão do jovem profissional, a partir de uma contextualização histórica da discussão de sustentabilidade, a importância da relação do jovem administrador com a temática, a apresentação de boas práticas exercidas por administradores e uma conclusão sobre a relevância de se incorporar a sustentabilidade no dia a dia das relações da sociedade.
Administração além das empresas: o papel fundamental do administrador no governo
Authors: Matheus Ricardo , Lemos Murilo Lemos de
Published: November 2014

Cada vez mais a administração pública tem atraído profissionais para atuação dentro do setor público pelos mais diversos motivos, tais como motivação, inclinação, estabilidade, etc. Por outro lado, diversas mudanças recentes do próprio Estado fizeram com que os profissionais fossem cada vez mais valorizados. Como objetivo, este capítulo apresentará quais são os campos aos quais os jovens profissionais da administração estão preparados para ocupar e colaborar com o desenvolvimento do setor público bem como desmistificar o tratamento pejorativo historicamente dado ao setor público. Para isso, foi criado um balanço histórico das mudanças e reformas brasileira as quais formataram o cenário contemporâneo de toda a atuação do setor público em todas as suas áreas e também em seus poderes, explicando a importância do conhecimento da missão, visão, valores e, em especial, dos princípios que norteiam a administração pública contemporânea brasileira como o caso do LIMPE. Por último, foram descritas oportunidades de inserção do jovem administrador na administração pública, seja ela través de cargos na administração direta e indireta, nas organizações privadas de interesse público ou até mesmo na prestação de serviços para entes públicos.
O administrador e a política brasileira: os desafios do desenvolvimento nacional e a necessidade de uma administração mais crítica e engajada
Authors: Cordeiro Rui Mesquita
Published: November 2014

A proposta deste artigo é promover uma reflexão sobre o processo de construção política nacional, bem como apontar tendências sobre o papel do jovem administrador neste processo. As discussões apresentadas neste artigo permeiam três eixos principais: no primeiro, discute-se a formação política do Brasil, por meio de sua relação com o desenvolvimento do estado-nação, tendo como destaques os ciclos de desenvolvimento ocorridos desde o início do século XX e o desenvolvimento da Administração como profissão. Neste caso, são causas do florescimento da administração no Brasil: atender a crescente demanda de profissionais para gerir as novas empresas e os novos órgãos públicos do país, e a caracterização de uma tentativa de substituição de um modelo patrimonialista de gestão do estado e dos negócios, para um modelo burocrático; o segundo eixo apresenta as principais correntes político-filosóficas existentes no cenário contemporâneo nacional (de cunhos conservador, reformista e revolucionário), bem como suas propostas e os fundamentos de sua atuação. Também discute a ascensão de temas como a sustentabilidade ambiental, que promovem maior engajamento político e mudanças nos padrões até então estabelecidos; o terceiro e último eixo discorre acerca da formação acadêmica e profissional do administrador, numa crítica à ênfase desproporcional aos aspectos profissionalizantes, que gera a falta de visão multidisciplinar e, consequentemente, de engajamento dos futuros administradores no cenário político.
Movimento estudantil: escola de administradores
Authors: Vergueiro João Paulo , Teixeira Luiza Reis
Published: November 2014

Estudantes de Administração têm, durante os anos de faculdade, a possibilidade de se envolver com atividades extra-acadêmicas que resultarão em experiência prática a contribuir com o seu desenvolvimento profissional. Uma dessas atividades é o movimento estudantil, que já foi bastante atuante na sociedade brasileira, sendo considerada parte dos movimentos sociais que tiveram grande relevância na defesa da democracia, no país e na América Latina. Este artigo estudará o fenômeno dos movimentos sociais e da história do movimento estudantil, bem como apresentará as oportunidades de atuação extra-acadêmica para os estudantes, mostrando o grande número de possibilidades acessíveis para aqueles que querem dispor de diferenciais no mercado de trabalho.
Aspectos ambientais e históricos do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação: 12 anos de implantação
Authors: Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento
Published: November 2014

Embora as atenções com as questões ambientais tenham sido iniciadas por volta da década de 1930, é enfático que o ano 2000 foi um marco, considerando a implantação do Sistema de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza no Brasil. Não se pode negar a evolução do aparato ambiental brasileiro com a criação do SNUC que objetiva em linhas gerais a proteção da natureza em nosso país. Ao analisar esta evolução, observou-se que em 12 anos, a forte expressividade do SNUC apresenta atualmente um quantitativo de 1783 UCs estabelecidas entre uso sustentável ou proteção integral. Sabe-se que muito é preciso para avançarmos no que realmente se deseja com o estabelecimento das Unidades de Conservação, suas potencialidades e reais objetivos. No entanto, as Unidades de Conservação através do SNUC apesar de toda a problemática têm auxiliado direta ou indiretamente o país na conservação de seus recursos naturais. E neste sentido, deve-se permanecer, de modo que o sistema seja ampliado com a garantia da qualidade e do cumprimento de seus objetivos em território nacional. Visando discutir tais propósitos, este trabalho aborda as repercussões a cerca das questões ambientais e do processo de implantação do sistema de unidades de conservação da natureza no Brasil em seus doze anos de implantação.
Estrutura, distribuição espacial e volumetria de Carapa guianensis Aubl. na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
Authors: Vieira Diego dos Santos , Gama João Ricardo Vaconcellos , Ribeiro Renato Bezerra da Silva , Ximenes Lucas Cunha
Published: November 2014

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura populacional, distribuição espacial e volumetria de Carapa guianensis Aubl., na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. Utilizou-se o inventário 100% para mensurar todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 35 cm (estoque de utilização) e amostragem em conglomerado, constituída por quatro unidades amostrais, com área fixa de 5 m x 50 m cada, considerando-se mudas com Ht ≥ 5 cm até DAP ˂ 35 cm (estoque de regeneração natural e crescimento). A espécie apresentou densidade absoluta de 167,3 árv.ha-1, correspondente a 1,23 m².ha-1 de área basal e distribuição diâmetrica assimétrica positiva. O volume total dos indivíduos de Carapa guianensis Aubl. é de 10.3 m³.ha-1 e a distribuição volumétrica mostrou que não há um crescimento gradativo do volume conforme as classes de diâmetrica aumentam O padrão de distribuição espacial foi agrupado para regeneração natural e as árvores apresentaram padrão aleatório.
O turismo virtual de cavernas como instrumento didático-inclusivo
Authors: Custódio Rubiana Passos , Dantas Mário André Trindade , Prata Ana Paula do Nascimento , Donato Christiane Ramos , Morato Leonardo
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral construir um recurso de acessibilidade, através de CD-ROM didático, que permite o turismo virtual a uma das cavernas de Sergipe, a Toca da Raposa, localizada no município de Simão Dias. O CD-ROM foi desenvolvido com uma linguagem clara e acessível, e conta com imagens imersivas que levam um pouco da realidade do ambiente proposto a qualquer pessoa que tenha acesso digital. Dessa forma, diante das características intrínsecas às cavernas de Sergipe (como presença de desníveis, obstáculos, condutos estreitos e tetos baixos) e ausência de plano de manejo, a construção desse material complementar é uma ferramenta importante para a acessibilidade do espeleoturismo por pessoas com necessidades especiais, principalmente as com mobilidade reduzida.
The Impact of a Food Elimination Diet on Collegiate Athletes’ 300-meter Run Time and Concentration
Authors: Stockton Susan , Breshears Karen , Baker David Mca.
Published: November 2014

Background:

Optimal human function and performance through diet strategies are critical for everyone but especially for those involved in collegiate or professional athletics. Currently, individualized medicine (IM) is emerging as a more efficacious approach to health with emphasis on personalized diet strategies for the public and is common practice for elite athletes. One method for directing patient-specific foods in the diet, while concomitantly impacting physical performance, may be via IgG food sensitivity and Candida albicans analysis from dried blood spot (DBS) collections.

Methods:

The authors designed a quasi-experimental, nonrandomized, pilot study without a control group. Twenty-three participants, 15 female, 8 male, from soccer/volleyball and football athletic teams, respectively, mean age 19.64+0.86 years, were recruited for the study, which examined preposttest 300-meter run times and questionnaire responses after a 14-day IgG DBS– directed food elimination diet based on IgG reactivity to 93 foods. DBS specimen collection, 300-meter run times, and Learning Difficulties Assessment (LDA) questionnaires were collected at the participants’ university athletics building on campus. IgG, C albicans, and S cerevisiae analyses were conducted at the Great Plains Laboratory, Lenexa, Kansas.

Results:

Data indicated a change in 300-meter run time but not of statistical significance (run time baseline mean=50.41 sec, run time intervention mean=50.14 sec). Descriptive statistics for frequency of responses and chi-square analysis revealed that 4 of the 23 items selected from the LDA (Listening-Memory and Concentration subscale R=.8669; Listening-Information Processing subscale R=.8517; and General Concentration and Memory subscale R=.9019) were improved posttest.

Conclusion:

The study results did not indicate merit in eliminating foods based on IgG reactivity for affecting athletic performance (faster 300-meter run time) but did reveal potential for affecting academic qualities of listening, information processing, concentration, and memory. Further studies are warranted evaluating IgG-directed food elimination diets for improving run time, concentration, and memory among college athletes as well as among other populations.
miR-142 regulates the tumorigenicity of human breast cancer stem cells through the canonical WNT signaling pathway
Authors: Isobe Taichi , Hisamori Shigeo , Hogan Daniel J , Zabala Maider , Hendrickson David G , Dalerba Piero , Cai Shang , Scheeren Ferenc , Kuo Angera H , Sikandar Shaheen S , Lam Jessica S , Qian Dalong , Dirbas Frederick M , Somlo George , Lao Kaiqin , Brown Patrick O , Clarke Michael F , Shimono Yohei
Published: November 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of stem and progenitor cell functions. We previously reported that miR-142 and miR-150 are upregulated in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) as compared to the non-tumorigenic breast cancer cells. In this study, we report that miR-142 efficiently recruits the APC mRNA to an RNA-induced silencing complex, activates the canonical WNT signaling pathway in an APC-suppression dependent manner, and activates the expression of miR-150. Enforced expression of miR-142 or miR-150 in normal mouse mammary stem cells resulted in the regeneration of hyperproliferative mammary glands in vivo. Knockdown of endogenous miR-142 effectively suppressed organoid formation by BCSCs and slowed tumor growth initiated by human BCSCs in vivo. These results suggest that in some tumors, miR-142 regulates the properties of BCSCs at least in part by activating the WNT signaling pathway and miR-150 expression.
Modelling the contribution of the hypnozoite reservoir to Plasmodium vivax transmission
Authors: White Michael T , Karl Stephan , Battle Katherine E , Hay Simon I , Mueller Ivo , Ghani Azra C
Published: November 2014

Plasmodium vivax relapse infections occur following activation of latent liver-stages parasites (hypnozoites) causing new blood-stage infections weeks to months after the initial infection. We develop a within-host mathematical model of liver-stage hypnozoites, and validate it against data from tropical strains of P. vivax. The within-host model is embedded in a P. vivax transmission model to demonstrate the build-up of the hypnozoite reservoir following new infections and its depletion through hypnozoite activation and death. The hypnozoite reservoir is predicted to be over-dispersed with many individuals having few or no hypnozoites, and some having intensely infected livers. Individuals with more hypnozoites are predicted to experience more relapses and contribute more to onwards P. vivax transmission. Incorporating hypnozoite killing drugs such as primaquine into first-line treatment regimens is predicted to cause substantial reductions in P. vivax transmission as individuals with the most hypnozoites are more likely to relapse and be targeted for treatment.
Noarkstandardens betydning for vår fremtidige evne til bevaring av elektroniske arkiv
Authors: Sataslåtten Olav
Published: November 2014

Vår evne til å langtidsbevare elektroniske arkiv er basert på hvorvidt visse normative tekniske og arkivfaglige krav er oppfylt eller ikke. Artikkelen beskriver og analyserer langtidsbevaringen av elektroniske arkiv innenfor rammene av Noark- og fagsystemer. Den tar også for seg av juridiske krav til autentisitet, og forsøker å synliggjøre forholdet mellom kvalitet i arkivdanningen og vår evne til å bringe innholdet fra de elektroniske arkivene ut til de som etterspør dem. Den forsøker å vise at testprosessen knyttet til digitale arkivuttrekker ikke kun en del av en revisjonsmyndighet, men også en vesentlig faktor for i det hele tatt å kunne langtidsbevare de elektroniske arkivene, samt å sikre den fremtidige tilgjengeliggjøringen av dem.
Six of the L'Aquila Seven Acquitted in Appeal
Authors: Rosen Julia
Published: November 2014

On 10 November, a panel of judges acquitted the scientists charged with manslaughter in the wake of a deadly earthquake that struck the Italian city of L'Aquila in 2009. Only the former deputy director of Italy's Civil Protection Department, Bernardo De Bernardinis, faces a 2‐year sentence, which he may not serve.
Epidemiology can help predict urban water system failures
Authors: Palus Shannon
Published: November 2014

A broken water pipe can mean flooded streets, damaged property, disrupted traffic, and income loss for local businesses. In the summer of 2009, the water system of Los Angeles experienced an unprecedented 75 of these water main blowouts. Notably, two transmission mains burst just days apart.
Measuring solar wind interactions in Mars's exosphere
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2014

On 14 September 1997, NASA's Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft dipped into the red planet's thin atmosphere, the first of many passes meant to shorten the satellite's orbital path. For the next 5 months, the satellite periodically cruised through the thicker layers of the upper atmosphere and the wispy exosphere. The satellite's elongated orbit gave its sensors a good look at a broad swath of Mars's extended hydrogen exosphere.
On the electron diffusion region in planar, asymmetric, systems
Authors: Hesse Michael , Aunai Nicolas , Sibeck David , Birn Joachim
Published: November 2014

Particle‐in‐cell simulations and analytical theory are employed to study the electron diffusion region in asymmetric reconnection, which is taking place in planar configurations without a guide field. The analysis presented here focuses on the nature of the local reconnection electric field and on differences from symmetric configurations. Further emphasis is on the complex structure of the electron distribution in the diffusion region, which is generated by the mixing of particles from different sources. We find that the electric field component that is directly responsible for flux transport is provided not by electron pressure‐based, “quasi‐viscous,” terms but by inertial terms. The quasi‐viscous component is shown to be critical in that it is necessary to sustain the required overall electric field pattern in the immediate neighborhood of the reconnection X line.
Microscale solute transport and precipitation in complex rock during drying
Authors: Ott Holger , Andrew Matthew , Snippe Jeroen , Blunt Martin J.
Published: November 2014

Formation drying and salt precipitation due to gas injection or production can have serious consequences for upstream operations in terms of injectivity and productivity. Recently, evidence has been found that the complexity of the pore space and microscopic capillary‐driven solute transport plays a key role in the relationship between permeability and porosity. In this study, we investigate drying and salt precipitation due to supercritical CO2 injection in single‐porosity and multiporosity systems under near well‐bore conditions. We image fluid saturation states and salt deposition by means of microcomputerized tomography scanning during desaturation. We observe capillary‐driven transport of brine and the respective solutes on the pore scale. Solute transport between porosity classes determines the distribution of the deposits in the pore space and the permeability porosity relationships—K(φ)—for flow‐through drying.
A crustal model for northern Melville Bay, Baffin Bay
Authors: Altenbernd Tabea , Jokat Wilfried , Heyde Ingo , Damm Volkmar
Published: November 2014

The interpretation of seismic refraction and gravity data acquired in 2010 gives new insights into the crustal structure of the West Greenland coast and the adjacent deep central Baffin Bay basin. Underneath Melville Bay, the depth of the Moho varies between 26 and 17 km. Stretched continental crust with a thickness of 25 to 14 km and deep sedimentary basins are present in this area. The deep Melville Bay Graben contains an up to ~11 km thick infill of consolidated and unconsolidated sediments with velocities of 1.6 to 4.9 km/s. Seaward, at the ~60 km wide transition between oceanic and stretched continental crust, a mount‐shaped magmatic structure is observed, which most likely formed prior to the initial formation of oceanic crust. The up to 4 km high magmatic structure is underlain by a ~2 km thick and ~50 km wide high velocity lower crust. More to the west, in the oceanic part of the Baffin Bay basin, we identify a two‐layered, 3.5 to 6 km thin igneous oceanic crust with increasing thickness toward the shelf. Beneath the oceanic crust, the depth of the Moho ranges between 11.5 and 13.5 km. In the western part of the profile, oceanic layer 3 is unusually thin (~1.5 km) A possible explanation for the thin crust is accretion due to slow spreading, although the basement is notably smooth compared to the basement of other regions formed by ultra‐slow spreading. The oceanic crust is underlain by partly serpentinized upper mantle with velocities of 7.6 to 7.8 km/s.