bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytoremediation Potential of Cyperus Rotundus L. in Soils Contaminated with Potentially Toxic Elements, the Case of Abandoned Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mines in Kenya
Authors: Shikanga Emmanuel Amukohe
Published: September 2024

Phytoremediation involves the use of plants for removal of pollutants from soil before its conversion for agricultural use. Cyperus rotundus L. is a reed that naturally grows in marshy and swampy areas including abandoned artisanal small-scale gold mines. This study was aimed at determining the potential of C. rotundus reeds for removal of Cu, Pb and Cd from soil polluted by artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in in western Kenya. C. rotundus plant and soil samples were collected in triplicate from five randomly selected localities where ASGM is practiced in western Kenya. The control samples were sourced from a locality where ASGM operations have never been conducted. After washing and separating the plants samples into leaves and roots, both soil and plant samples were air dried, oven dried and milled to fine powder. The replicate samples from each locality were combined to form a composite sample which was then digested and the levels of Cu, Pb and Cd, determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer in triplicate. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel version 2013. The levels of Pb, Cu and Cd, in the samples from the abandoned mines were higher than those of control samples. The levels of metals in the soil samples collected from the mines were in the order Cu>Pb>Cd. Quantities of the metals in the soil, root and leaf samples were in the order root>soil>leaf for Pb and Cd, while for Cu, it was roots>leaves>soil. The BCF values for C. rotundus roots and leaves of the different metals were in the order Cu>Pb>Cd and Cu>Cd>Pb respectively. The TF values for Cu (0.85±0.01 – 0.99±0.03) were highest followed Cd (0.42±0.03 – 0.86±0.03) and lowest for Pb (0.31±0.03 – 0.80±0.01). The MAI values were in the range 66.6-101. Uptake of Cu by the plant results in increased uptake of Pb but decreased uptake of Cd from the soil, while the uptake of Pb is not affected by availability of Cd in the soil and root tissues. Phytoremediation of Cu, Pb and Cd from soil polluted ASGM activities using C. rotundus is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method of reduction of heavy metal toxicity in the soil.
The bijective soft semigroups and fuzzy parameterized bijective soft sets
Authors: Suebsan Peerapong , Siripitukdet Manoj
Published: September 2024

In this paper, bijective soft semigroups over semigroups are introduced. We give some properties of bijective soft semigroups over semigroups with supporting examples. Moreover, we defined fuzzy parameterized bijective soft sets over a universe and present an algorithm for solving some decision-making problem based on fuzzy parameterized bijective soft sets over a universe.
Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Study of "Azadirachta Indica" Bark Extracts
Authors: Dipika U. Gite  , Dr. Kazi Mehraj Abukalam  , Dr. Annasaheb B.Jagnar
Published: September 2024

Azadiracta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) commonly known as Neem,is found throughout India and is known to have many wonderous properties from ancient times.These A.indica shows different medicinal properties like antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, insecticidal, spermicidal actions. The stem bark was studied for morphological as well as microscopical characteristics. The present work was carried out on bark of Azadirachta indica belonging to family Meliaceae. The study was done on pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological studies on stems bark of Azadirachta indica collected from Sangamner of Ahmednagar district. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extract was done.Some part of extract was then used to study pharmacological screening of anti-anxiety activity.From the study of phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Azadirachta indica bark it was found that different chemicals are present as glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, fats, steroids, proteins, etc. Azadirachta indica stem bark supports the elimination of related anxiety associated materials. Therefore, drawing conclusions from this research suggests that Azadirachta indica hydroethanolice etract were found to be with good antianxiety like activity in elevated plus maze model. Furthermore, this current study confirms the conventional utilisation of Azadirachta indica bark as a pain reliever by showing that its hydroethanolic determine has noteworthy analgesic properties for various dose amounts, with the greatest analgesic movement observed at a 60-minute time interval. More research is required, nevertheless, to determine how precisely it exerts its analgesic effects.
Conserving an underappreciated heritage resource: The rural landscape
Authors: Lennon Jane , Barrett Brenda
Published: September 2024

Rural landscapes make up a significant percentage of the planet’s lands and waterways and must be included in any efforts to address climate change and habitat loss. However, the contribution of these landscapes to cultural heritage and nature conservation is not always appreciated. While there are multiple international designation programs and state-sponsored heritage landscape initiatives, these have a relatively small impact around the globe. This is also true for international programs that attempt to take a holistic perspective to conserving rural heritage. There are some promising community-based and collaborative programs in Australia and the United States, although in both countries, overall agricultural policies are not supportive of these approaches. The lack of recognition of cross-disciplinary practices is a barrier to integrated land management as is the failure to understand that a key factor is the role of people and their relationship with the land. The challenge is how to reach out and incorporate culture and natural heritage into the larger field of land policy and conservation practice.
A summary framework for effective engagement of IPLCs and rangers
Authors: Woodside Dedee , Vasseleu Jennifer , Cobbo Cliff , Singh Rohit , Pyke Terry , Mustonen Tero
Published: September 2024

In this paper we focus on the pressing need to effectively engage with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) and the need to strengthen the capacity of rangers originating from these communities. Opportunities for full participation and leadership by IPLCs are improved by enhancing the role of Indigenous and local rangers in fostering relationships while integrating cultural knowledge into the work on the ground. This also strengthens local benefits. We emphasize the invaluable contribution of IPLCs to conservation, often honed over generations, and explore current models of partnership and engagement. Particularly, we spotlight the vital role of IPLC rangers, who leverage unique skills, local knowledge, and cultural practices in their conservation work. The roles of both IPLCs and local Indigenous rangers are essential if we are to meet our goals for conserving 30% of the earth’s lands and waters by 2030 as promoted at the COP15 meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), achieve the objectives for development of IPLC rangers as stated of Chitwan Declaration of 2019 (CD), or meet the related targets set by the Universal Ranger Support Alliance (URSA). We advocate for a partnership model with IPLCs that applies the principles of Collective Impact to improve outcomes and secure enduring benefits at all levels. To aid stakeholders in conservation projects involving IPLCs (including governments, businesses, and non-governmental organizations), we propose a straightforward summary framework that outlines stages for the development of relationships and projects. It integrates the work of others, including foundation principles, management systems for partnerships, and good practices, and stresses the need for pre-project training, learning and other forms of preparation. Altogether, these principles and accompanying recommendations help lay the groundwork for effective intergenerational projects involving IPLCs with long-term benefits.
Parcellary Mapping of Titled and Untitled Lands in the Municipality of Bambang Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Authors: Lopez Sarilyn R. , Natividad James Patrick A.
Published: September 2024

This study took place between March and June 2023 in the Municipality of Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya, with a specific focus on profiling titled and untitled lands in the area. The research examined the classification, location, area, and mode of titles for titled lands in Bambang. Additionally, it investigated the classification, location, area, mode of possession, lot status, for untitled lands. Moreover, maps were generated in conjunction with a geographic information system to identify titled and untitled lands in Bambang. The study utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. To map the titled lands and to determine their spatial distribution, Quantum Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Groundnut Processing Technology among Rural Women in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Amina Dawa , Sa’adu Umar , Ayuba Gona
Published: September 2024

The study was carried out to determine the factors influencing adoption of improved groundnut processing technology among rural women in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select the respondents. First stage involved the purposive selection of 6 LGAs with highest concentration of women groundnut processors in the State. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the communities based on predominance in groundnut processing. Forty (40) respondents were randomly selected from each LGA to obtain a total of 240 respondents. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages, frequency distribution and regression analysis were employed used to achieve the objective of the study. The result showed that 32.5% of the respondents were between the ages of 41-50, 87% of the respondents were married, 55% of the respondents had secondary school education, 48% of the respondents had annual income of N501,000-N1000,000, and 54% of the respondents indicated that groundnut processing was their major occupation. The result showed that most (95.8%) of the respondent had access to market and four (4) extension visits in a year. The result showed that majority (68.8%) of the respondents were members of association, while 64.2% of the respondents had access to credit. It was discovered that age, annual income, years of experience in groundnut processing, membership of cooperative society, compatibility and complexity significantly contributed to the model at 5% and 10% levels of probability.
El dictamen pericial inicia el procedimiento de comprobación de valores
Authors: Puebla Agramunt Nuria
Published: September 2024

La Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo (TS) ha visto el recurso promovido por la Junta de Castilla-La Mancha contra sentencia de 8 de julio de 2022 de la Sección Primera de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Superior de Justicia (TSJ) de Castilla-La Mancha (procedimiento ordinario 310/2020), que había estimado el recurso de un contribuyente por caducidad determinante de prescripción, al considerar que la fecha de inicio de un procedimiento de comprobación de valores era la fecha de emisión del informe del perito de la Administración y no la fecha en la que se notificó al contribuyente el inicio del procedimiento con la propuesta de liquidación provisional. Y en sentencia de 1 de marzo de 2024, dictada en el recurso de casación 7146/2022, y de la que ha sido ponente el Excmo. Sr. D. Rafael Toledano Cantero, el TS ha confirmado la sentencia del TSJ de Castilla-La Mancha, sentando como doctrina que, a efectos de cómputo de la caducidad del procedimiento, desde que solicita un dictamen de peritos para verificar el valor del bien, la Administración ha iniciado un procedimiento de comprobación de valores. Esta doctrina jurisprudencial ya ha sido asumida por el Tribunal Económico-Administrativo Central (TEAC) que, en resolución de 29 de abril de 2024 (RG 1366/2022), ha emitido criterio en el mismo sentido, siendo este criterio reiterado en otra resolución de la misma fecha.
Levantamiento del velo, sucesión de actividad económica y concurso
Authors: Fraile Fernández Rosa
Published: September 2024

En el presente texto se plantea si resulta adecuado derivar responsabilidad tributaria por levantamiento del velo cuando existen otros tipos responsables que podrían ser aplicados. Se analizan tres recientes sentencias de la Audiencia Nacional relacionadas con el mismo deudor principal que, incurso en un proceso concursal, es liquidado. Nos planteamos si se ha producido una extensión del tipo responsable más allá de lo previsto en la legislación en dos de los casos, así como si el empleo restrictivo de la responsabilidad por levantamiento del velo permite su aplicación cuando estamos ante un claro supuesto de sucesión en la actividad económica. Se concluye manifestando que sería la acción pauliana la que debiera ejercitar la Administración en la vía civil en supuestos como el que se presenta.
Valoración de empresas familiares: retos a los que nos enfrentamos
Authors: Rojo-Ramírez Alfonso A. , Martínez-Romero María José , Martínez-Alonso Rubén
Published: September 2024

La valoración de empresas es una actividad de creciente demanda. Igualmente, el estudio de la empresa familiar ha alcanzado niveles sin precedentes en los últimos años. A pesar de que las empresas familiares representan la gran mayoría de las empresas en el ámbito global, la teoría de la valoración tiende a enfocarse en las empresas no familiares. Este artículo pretende reorientar la atención hacia la valoración desde el punto de vista de las empresas familiares, examinando sus peculiaridades y los fundamentos de su valoración específica. Además, se analizan ciertos aspectos básicos de la valoración y, en particular, se aborda la cuestión del valor socioemocional característico de las empresas familiares, aportando algunas ideas novedosas.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE ABORDAGENS CIRÚRGICAS PARA REPARO DE HÉRNIA ABDOMINAL
Authors: Manzan Mateus , E Silva  Aianne Lannara Freire , Figueiredo  Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues , Oliveira  Lara Vitória de Paula , Amorim  Luiza Bitarães
Published: September 2024

This systematic review aims to compare open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgical techniques for abdominal hernia repair, evaluating their efficacy, benefits, and drawbacks. A comprehensive search of PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted using terms related to "abdominal hernia repair" and "surgical techniques". The review included studies published from 2020 to 2024, focusing on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The analysis revealed that laparoscopic and robotic repairs generally offer reduced recovery times, less postoperative pain, and lower complication rates compared to open surgery. However, robotic repairs, while offering precision and ergonomic advantages, come with higher costs and longer setup times. Open repairs, though associated with higher complication rates and longer recovery periods, are still preferred in certain complex cases due to their straightforward execution. This review highlights that laparoscopic and robotic techniques present notable advantages over traditional open surgery, particularly in terms of postoperative outcomes and patient recovery. The findings support the use of minimally invasive approaches where feasible but also underscore the importance of considering individual patient circumstances and the complexity of the hernia when selecting the most appropriate surgical technique.
O BENEFÍCIO DE UMA BOA ESTRUTURA FÍSICA ESCOLAR NO DESEMPENHO DO ALUNO
Authors: Fermin Maria da Conceição Corrêa
Published: September 2024

This work is an excerpt from the Master’s Dissertation that discusses SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS: REALITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AT ESCOLA MUNICIPAL ANTÔNIO DOS REIS MORAIS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TABATINGA-AM. The work analyzed the reality and challenges that students and teachers face in developing quality teaching-learning. Based on this focus between realities and challenges, the need arose to investigate how school infrastructure can influence the teaching-learning process? To answer this question, it was necessary to identify the obstacles caused by inadequate school infrastructure that prevent meaningful learning from taking place and to verify whether school infrastructure is one of the determining factors for low school performance. Using bibliographic and documentary analysis as data collection techniques. In order to obtain more accurate results, open and closed questionnaires were also prepared for the research subjects. According to the data obtained, it was found that the school infrastructure can influence not being the determining factor for the student’s teaching-learning process, however it can contribute significantly to school disinterest, which will be reflected in its low income and school performance.
Hambatan Guru Dalam Mengembangkan Kompetensi Kepribadian
Authors: Nugroho Imam Wahyu , Sriyanti Lilik
Published: September 2024

Setiap guru memiliki kepribadian, pengalaman, dan latar belakang yang berbeda. Namun, jika menyangkut kepribadian, guru selalu dihadapkan pada tantangan atau hambatan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memeperoleh hambatan hambatan apa saja yang guru temui ketika akan mengembangkan kompetensi kepribadiannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian library research atau studi kepustakaan. Analisis penelitian mengguanakan content analysis atau mengkaji sumber sumber yang relevan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis studi kepustkaan menunjukkan bahwa hambatan kompetensi kepribadian guru di pengaruhi oleh 2 faktor, pertama faktor dari dalam diri guru meliputi; 1) perilaku guru; 2) integritas guru; 3) keilmuan yang dimiliki guru. Kedua faktor dari luar diri guru meliputi; 1) lingkungan tinggal dan kerja guru; 2) peraturan sekolah; 3) jam kerja guru yang panjang.
PERBEDAAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING BERPARADIGMA HUMANISTIK DAN MODEL CONTECTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING BERPARADIGMA KEARIFAN LOKAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMP MARIA GORETTI KABANJAHE T.P.2019/2020
Authors: Olivia Noverita Manullang
Published: September 2024

This research is an experimental research with the type of research used is quasi-experimental research (pseudo-experiment) which aims to determine whether there are differences in the mathematical problem solving ability of students taught with the contextual teaching and lerning model with a humanistic paradigm with the contextual teaching and learning model with a local wisdom paradigm. The population in this study is the VIII grade of Maria Goretti Kabanjahe Junior High School T.P 2019/2020. After testing the posttest data on students' problem solving ability statistically, it was found that -count < table or tc> table with dk = 40 and dk = 60, namely (-0.997) < table (1.671) so that Ho was rejected and ha was accepted. So it can be concluded that the mathematical problem solving ability of students taught with Contextual Teaching and Learning with Local wisdom paradigm is higher than the mathematical problem solving ability of students taught using Contextual Teaching and Learning with Humanistic Paradigm on the topic of two variable linear equation system.
 
Keywords: Creative Problem Solving, Concept Understanding
Students' Subjective Well-Being in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana: The Influence of Sex, Parenting Style, and Self-Esteem
Authors: Mensah Eric , Otabil Bernice , Mensah Evelyn
Published: September 2024

This study sought to determine senior high school students’ level of self-esteem (SE) and subjective well-being (SWB), establish the influence of their sex and parents’ parenting style on their SWB, and determine the effect of their SE on their SWB. The cross-sectional survey research design was used. The study was guided by Life circumstances theory (LCT). Final year senior high school students formed the population. Data was collected from 347 senior high school students drawn from a population of 7,665 in Cape Coast with a questionnaire. The spread of the students and their dispositions led to the use of the proportionate simple random sampling technique to select 347 students from the 10 senior high schools in the metropolis. The instrument used to collect data for this study was a questionnaire. Descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential statistics like Independent samples t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and PLS-SEM were utilised to analyse the responses. Results indicated students’ SE and SWB levels were high. Further, there was no statistically significant difference in students’ SWB with regard to their sex. There were statistically significant differences in students’ SWB levels with regard to their parents’ parenting styles. Results of the study further indicated that senior high school students’ SE significantly and positively predicts their SWB. It is concluded that even though SE is not the sole determinant of SWB, senior high school students will enjoy their learning, feel part of and connected to their school, have a high purpose of learning, and feel highly efficacious academically (SWB). It was recommended that senior high school authorities in Ghana put in place policies and strategies that will sustain the high levels of SE and SWB. This is very important for the realisation of SDG goals 3 and 4, which are critical for the total development, and well-being of students.
Domestic Violence in Nyeri County, Kenya: What and When?
Authors: Machariah Lilian Wanjiku
Published: September 2024

Domestic violence is a worldwide problem affecting many households. Nyeri County, one of the 47 counties in Kenya has, according to reports, experienced a steep increase. Nyeri County has experienced tremendous development, and therefore, changes in terms of education, occupation, and economic activities, making it one of the richest counties in Kenya. With these changes in levels of education, strong cultural adjustments, and increased economic endowment, the expectation is that there should be harmony in the homes. Contrary to that, there is a lot of domestic violence as captured by scholars and the media. This study sought to investigate three things namely; when the violence takes place, the types of violence, and why the violence tales place. The study was underpinned by the frustration-aggression theory and the social learning theory, where descriptive and evaluative research designs were used. The following respondents were sampled to participate in the study: 384 household heads, 12 assistant chiefs, 15 police officers, 30 religious leaders, 12 NGOs/CBOs, 3 Sub-county administrators, and 20 village elders. Primary methods of data collection were questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 to give frequency distribution, means and percentages, and findings were presented using tables, graphs, and charts. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic narrations, with findings presented using narrations and descriptions. The study found out that the cases increase when the farmers receive the coffee bonuses, when learners are going back to school and fees is needed, during the festive seasons and traditional festivities, as well as during the drought season. The study concludes that domestic violence is evident throughout the year, but there are times when the cases increase as a result of conflict in the gender roles. In this case, therefore, the study recommends that there should be a social talk on the gender roles in the study area so as to ease the adamant rise and spread of domestic conflicts related to the various sets of culturally defined and allocated sex roles. Further, there is need to empower both men and women in Nyeri county so that no gender feels threatened by the other. This will go a long way in ensuring that there is peace and stability in families and social relationships.
CAUSAS DE CONDENAÇÃO EM AVES NOS FRIGORÍFICOS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Backes Isadora Luiza , Matos Monica Regina de
Published: September 2024

O Brasil possui um imenso potencial na produção avícola, destacando-se pela relevância da avicultura como uma das indústrias de alimentos mais promissoras tanto em nível nacional quanto global, valorizada por seu alto valor nutricional, qualidade e baixo custo. Contudo, o aumento das causas de condenação em frigoríficos, como contaminações microbiológicas, lesões por manejo inadequado, doenças infecciosas e problemas metabólicos, tem gerado um significativo impacto econômico para diversas indústrias. Diante desse cenário, o presente trabalho propõe uma revisão bibliográfica para explorar as diversas causas de condenação de aves em frigoríficos, como aerossaculite, celulite, caquexia, dermatose, entre outras, buscando analisar as principais lesões que afetam o frango de corte e compreender os fatores que contribuem para essas condenações. Assim, este estudo reforça a importância dos cuidados necessários para a correção dessas causas, essenciais para garantir a qualidade do produto final que chega aos consumidores.
THE NEW ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Authors: Souza Andre Luiz de
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the intersection between economic theory and sociology through a qualitative methodology, aiming to deepen the interdisciplinary debate between economics and the New Economic Sociology (NES). The analysis focuses on the contributions of Granovetter, Fligstein, and DiMaggio, highlighting how NES concepts can enrich the understanding of territorial development, especially regarding the role of social relations in territories. Sociologists, in turn, demonstrate diligence and creativity in addressing cultural and political issues concerning collective representations and social coercion, fundamental concepts that define institutions. Based on a robust set of authors and bibliographic references, the article seeks to complement the debate on NES. The research reveals that NES offers valuable insights for analyzing territorial dynamics and reinforces the importance of a territorial approach in formulating development strategies. In the end, the article demonstrates that the themes discussed by NES confirm the need for a more integrated territorial perspective in constructing sustainable development projects.
Cluster-dynamics-based parameterization for sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation: comparison and selection through box and three-dimensional modeling
Authors: Shen Jiewen , Zhao Bin , Wang Shuxiao , Ning An , Li Yuyang , Cai Runlong , Gao Da , Chu Biwu , Gao Yang , Shrivastava Manish , Jiang Jingkun , Zhang Xiuhui , He Hong
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Clustering of gaseous sulfuric acid (SA) enhanced by dimethylamine (DMA) is a major mechanism for new particle formation (NPF) in polluted atmospheres. However, uncertainty remains regarding the SA–DMA nucleation parameterization that reasonably represents cluster dynamics and is applicable across various atmospheric conditions. This uncertainty hinders accurate three-dimensional (3-D) modeling of NPF and the subsequent assessment of its environmental and climatic impacts. Here we extensively compare different cluster-dynamics-based parameterizations for SA–DMA nucleation and identify the most reliable one through a combination of box model simulations, 3-D modeling, and in situ observations. Results show that the parameterization derived from Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code (ACDC) simulations, incorporating the latest theoretical insights (DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//ωB97X-D/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory) and adequate representation of cluster dynamics, exhibits dependable performance in 3-D NPF simulation for both winter and summer conditions in Beijing and shows promise for application in diverse atmospheric conditions. Another ACDC-derived parameterization, replacing the level of theory with RI-CC2/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z//M06-2X/6–311++G(3df,3pd), also performs well in NPF modeling at relatively low temperatures around 280 K but exhibits limitations at higher temperatures due to inappropriate representation of SA–DMA cluster thermodynamics. Additionally, a previously reported parameterization incorporating simplifications is applicable for simulating NPF in polluted atmospheres but tends to overestimate particle formation rates under conditions of elevated temperature (>∼300 K) and low-condensation sink (<∼3×10-3 s−1). Our findings highlight the applicability of the new ACDC-derived parameterization, which couples the latest SA–DMA nucleation theory and holistic cluster dynamics, in 3-D NPF modeling. The ACDC-derived parameterization framework provides a valuable reference for developing parameterizations for other nucleation systems.
Biomass-burning sources control ambient particulate matter, but traffic and industrial sources control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and secondary-pollutant formation during extreme pollution events in Delhi
Authors: Awasthi Arpit , Sinha Baerbel , Hakkim Haseeb , Mishra Sachin , Mummidivarapu Varkrishna , Singh Gurmanjot , Ghude Sachin D. , Soni Vijay Kumar , Nigam Narendra , Sinha Vinayak , Rajeevan Madhavan N.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) are major constituents of smog. Delhi experiences severe smog during the post-monsoon season, but a quantitative understanding of VOCs and PM sources is still lacking. Here, we conduct a source apportionment study for VOCs and PM using a recent (2022), high-quality dataset of 111 VOCs, PM2.5, and PM10 in a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Contrasts between clean monsoon air and polluted post-monsoon air, VOC source fingerprints, and molecular tracers enabled us to differentiate paddy residue burning from other biomass-burning sources, which had previously been impossible. Burning of fresh paddy residue, as well as residential heating and waste burning, contributed the most to observed PM10 levels (25 % and 23 %, respectively) and PM2.5 levels (23 % and 24 %, respectively), followed by heavy-duty vehicles fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG), with a PM10 contribution of 15 % and a PM2.5 contribution of 11 %. For ambient VOCs, ozone formation potential, and secondary-organic-aerosol (SOA) formation potential, the top sources were petrol four-wheelers (20 %, 25 %, and 30 %, respectively), petrol two-wheelers (14 %, 12 %, and 20 %, respectively), industrial emissions (12 %, 14 %, and 15 %, respectively), solid-fuel-based cooking (10 %, 10 %, and 8 %, respectively), and road construction (8 %, 6 %, and 9 %, respectively). Emission inventories tended to overestimate residential biofuel emissions at least by a factor of 2 relative to the PMF output. The major source of PM pollution was regional biomass burning, while traffic and industries governed VOC emissions and secondary-pollutant formation. Our novel source apportionment method even quantitatively resolved similar biomass and fossil fuel sources, offering insights into both VOC and PM sources affecting extreme pollution events. This approach represents a notable advancement compared to current source apportionment approaches, and it could be of great relevance for future studies in other polluted cities and regions of the world with complex source mixtures.
The Airborne Chicago Water Isotope Spectrometer: An Integrated Cavity Output Spectrometer for Measurements of the HDO/H2O Isotopic Ratio in the Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Clouser Benjamin W. , Sarkozy Laszlo C. , Singer Clare E. , KleinStern Carly C. , Desmoulin Adrien , Gaeta Dylan , Khaykin Sergey , Gabbard Stephen , Shertz Stephen , Moyer Elisabeth J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. We describe a new version of the Chicago Water Isotope Spectrometer (ChiWIS), designed for airborne measurements of vapor-phase water isotopologues in the dry upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) aboard research aircraft. This version of the instrument is a tunable diode laser (TDL), off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS). The instrument was designed to measure the HDO/H2O ratio in the 2017 Asian Summer Monsoon flight aboard the M-55 Geophysica during the StratoClim campaign, and so far has also flown aboard the WB-57F in the 2021 and 2022 ACCLIP campaigns. The spectrometer scans absorption lines of both H2O and HDO near 2.647 μm wavelength in a single current sweep, and has an effective path length of 7.5 km under optimal conditions. The instrument utilizes a novel non-axially-symmetric optical component which increases the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 3. Ultra-polished, 4-inch diameter cavity mirrors suppress scattering losses, maximize mirror reflectivity, and yield optical fringing significantly below typical electrical noise levels. In laboratory conditions, the instrument has demonstrated a 5-second measurement precision of 3.6 ppbv and 82 pptv in H2O and HDO, respectively.
The Southern Ocean marine ice record of the early historical, circum-Antarctic voyages of Cook and Bellingshausen
Authors: Bigg Grant R.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The circumnavigations of Cook (second voyage, 1772–1775) and Bellingshausen (1819–1821) were attempts to find any great southern land mass poleward of ∼ 50° S and consequently involved sailing for three or two summers, respectively, in polar latitudes around Antarctica. Extensive sea ice eventually blocked each voyage's southern probes, although Bellingshausen, unknowingly at the time, saw the Antarctic continent. However, these attempts meant sea ice and iceberg records from the early historical period were collected nearly simultaneously from around much of Antarctica. Here, these records are extracted from journals, analysed, and compared to each other and the modern satellite record of both forms of marine ice. They generally show an early historical period with a more northerly record of both forms of marine ice than normal for today, but to a geographically varying degree. However, the early historical period in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean saw marine ice generally within the range of modern observations for the same time of year, but the Weddell Sea and Indian Ocean marine ice, particularly on Cook's voyage, then extended several degrees further north than in today's extreme ice years.
LM4-SHARC v1.0: Resolving the Catchment-scale Soil-Hillslope Aquifer-River Continuum for the GFDL Earth System Modeling Framework
Authors: Hong Minki , Chaney Nathaniel , Malyshev Sergey , Zorzetto Enrico , Preucil Anthony , Shevliakova Elena
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Catchment-scale representation of the groundwater and its interaction with other parts of the hydrologic cycle is crucial for accurately depicting the land water-energy balance in Earth system models (ESMs). Despite existing efforts to describe the groundwater in the land component of ESMs, most ESMs still need a prognostic framework for describing catchment-scale groundwater based on its emergent properties to understand its implication to the broader Earth system. To fill this gap, we developed a new parameterization scheme for resolving the groundwater and its two-way interactions with the unsaturated soil and stream at the catchment-scale. We implemented this new parameterization scheme (SHARC, or Soil-Hillslope Aquifer-River Continuum), in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model (i.e., LM4-SHARC) and evaluated its performance. By bridging the gap between hydraulic groundwater theory and ESMs' land hydrology, the new LM4-SHARC has been applied to the Providence headwater catchment at Southern Sierra, NV, and tested against in-situ observations. We found that LM4-SHARC leads to noticeable improvements in representing key hydrologic variables such as streamflow, near-surface soil moisture, and soil temperature. In addition to enhancing the representation of the water and energy balance, our analysis showed that accounting for groundwater convergence can induce a more significant hydrologic contrast with higher sensitivity of soil water storage to groundwater properties in the riparian zone. Our findings indicate the feasibility of incorporating two-way interactions among groundwater, unsaturated soil, and streams into the hydrological components of ESMs and further need to explore the implications of these interactions in the context of Earth system dynamics.
Measurement report: The variation properties of aerosol hygroscopic growth related to chemical composition during new particle formation days in a coastal city of southeast China
Authors: Li Lingjun , Li Mengren , Fan Xiaolong , Chen Yuping , Lin Ziyi , Hou Anqi , Zhang Siqing , Zheng Ronghua , Chen Jinsheng
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The scattering of solar radiation by aerosol is significantly affected by relative humidity (RH) due to the aerosol hygroscopicity. In order to better understand the characteristics of aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth and its influencing factors during new particle formation (NPF) days, we conducted the in-situ campaign from February to April 2022 in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeastern China. The aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)), commonly used to describe the aerosol hygroscopicity, varies greatly due to the influence of chemical composition and so on. In the relatively clean atmosphere of Xiamen, NPF occurs frequently and has an obvious effect on f(RH). In this study, we investigated the features and influencing factors of f(RH) in the NPF days. The research results emphasized that f(RH) differed significantly between NPF and Non-NPF days, mainly impacted by the aerosol chemical compositions, especially sulfate and nitrate. In the NPF days, sulfate was the dominant contributor to f(RH), distinguishing from the Non-NPF days. Aerosol hygroscopicity-chemical composition closure demonstrated that NH4HSO4 was the main source (30.78 %) of the hygroscopicity parameter κf(RH) when NPF events happened, while NH4NO3 played a dominant role in κf(RH) (up to 35 %) for Non-NPF days. Although the uncertainty of the organic aerosol (OA) to hygroscopicity might exist due to the varieties of chemical components and oxidation level, it was the crucial driving factor for the variation in aerosol hygroscopicity. The findings of this study would be helpful for the further understanding about the properties of aerosol hygroscopicity in the coastal area, as well as complementing the hygroscopic growth factors to the models of air quality and climate change.
Assessing Flood Risk: Identifying Indicators and Indices for Period-Specific Flood Measures
Authors: Pamukçu Albers Pınar , Evers Mariele
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Flood risk assessment is pivotal for comprehending and mitigating flood impacts. Although various indicators and indices are employed for flood risk assessment, the precise selection criteria for these indicators, particularly, concerning their roles and applicability during flood periods, remain unclear. This paper seeks to address this gap by identifying indicators and indices crucial for determining appropriate measures tailored to different flood periods. We conducted a systematic literature review, focusing on articles utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to evaluate indicators across diverse risk factors, including sensitivity. By analysing these studies, we identified the most frequently used indicators for each index and risk factor. The intricate interplay among indicators and risk factors necessitated a clear conceptual framework. Our findings offer recommendations for selecting risk indicators and indices aligned with specific actions and measures corresponding to distinct flood periods. By bridging this gap in understanding, our research contributes to enhancing flood risk assessment methodologies and informing effective mitigation strategies.
Climate influences on sea salt variability at Mount Brown South, East Antarctica
Authors: Shea Helen J. , Gallant Ailie , Purich Ariaan , Vance Tessa R.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The Mount Brown South (MBS) ice core in East Antarctica (69° S, 86° E) has produced records of sea salt concentration and snow accumulation for examining past climate. In a previous study, the sea salt concentration, but not snow accumulation, showed a significant, positive relationship with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from June to November. Here, we use observations and reanalysis data to provide insights into the mechanisms modulating this previously identified relationship for the austral winter season (June-August). A teleconnection between the tropical Pacific and high-latitude winds in the vicinity of MBS is identified. Specifically, El Niño events are related to strengthened westerly winds ∼60° S, leading to more local sea ice via anomalous Ekman transport in an area to the northeast of the MBS site. Impacts from La Niña are less obvious, showing that there is a non-linear component to this relationship. MBS is a wet deposition site, and we show that sea salt is likely transported from northeast of MBS via synoptic-scale storms that accompany high precipitation events. These storms and their associated precipitation, show no substantial differences between years of high and low sea salt concentration, so we suggest it is the source of sea salt that differs, rather than the transport mechanism. El Niño-associated strengthened westerly winds in the MBS region could enhance sea salt availability by increasing ocean aerosol spray and/or by increasing sea ice formation, both of which can act as sources of sea salt. This may explain why sea salt concentration, rather than snow accumulation, is most closely related to ENSO variability in the ice core record. Identifying the mechanisms modulating key variables such as sea salts and snow accumulation at ice core sites provides further insights into what these valuable records can decipher about climate variability in the pre-instrumental period.
Anomalous Summertime CO2 sink in the subpolar Southern Ocean promoted by early 2021 sea ice retreat
Authors: Naëck Kirtana , Boutin Jacqueline , Swart Sebastiaan , Du Plessis Marcel , Merlivat Liliane , Beaumont Laurence , Lourenco Antonio , d'Ovidio Francesco , Rousselet Louise , Ward Brian , Sallée Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The physical and biogeochemical processes governing the air-sea CO2 flux in the Southern Ocean are still widely debated. The "Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate" cruise in summer 2022 aimed at studying these processes in the Weddell Sea and in its vicinity. A "CARbon Interface OCean Atmosphere" (CARIOCA) drifting buoy was deployed in January 2022 in the subpolar Southern Ocean, providing hourly surface ocean observations of fCO2 (fugacity of CO2), dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and chlorophyll-a fluorescence for 17 months. An underwater glider was piloted with the buoy for the first 6 weeks of the deployment to provide vertical ocean profiles of hydrography and biogeochemistry. These datasets reveal an anomalously strong ocean carbon sink for over 2 months occuring in the region of Bouvet Island and associated with large plumes of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Based on Lagrangian backward trajectories reconstructed using various surface currents fields, we identified that the water mass reaching the Bouvet Island region originated from the south-west, from the vicinity of sea ice edge in spring 2021. We suggest that a strong phytoplankton bloom developed there in November 2021 through dissolved iron supplied by early sea ice melt in 2021 in the Weddell Sea. These waters, depleted in carbon, then travelled to the position of the CARIOCA buoy. The very low values of ocean fCO2, measured by the buoy (down to 310 μatm), are consistent with net community production previously observed during blooms occurring near the sea ice edge, partly compensated by air-sea CO2 flux along the water mass trajectory. Early sea ice retreat might therefore have caused a large CO2 sink farther north than usual in summer 2022, in the Atlantic sector of the subpolar Southern Ocean. Such events might become more frequent in the future as a result of climate change.
Applying double cropping and interactive irrigation in the North China Plain using WRF4.5
Authors: Fan Yuwen , Yang Zhao , Lo Min-Hui , Hur Jina , Im Eun-Soon
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Irrigated cultivation exerts a significant influence on the local climate and the hydrological cycle. The North China Plain (NCP) is known for its intricate agricultural system, marked by expansive cropland, high productivity, compact rotation, a semi-arid climate, and intensive irrigation practices. As a result, there has been considerable attention on the potential impact of this intensive irrigated agriculture on the local climate. However, studying the irrigation impact in this region has been challenging due to the lack of an accurate simulation of crop phenology and irrigation practices within the climate model. By incorporating double cropping with interactive irrigation, our study extends the capabilities of the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model, which has previously demonstrated commendable performance in simulating single-cropping scenarios. This allows for two-way feedback between irrigated crops and climate, further enabling the inclusion of irrigation feedback from both ground and vegetation perspectives. The improved crop modeling system shows significant enhancement in capturing vegetation and irrigation patterns, which is evidenced by its ability to identify crop stages, estimate field biomass, predict crop yield, and project monthly leaf area index. The improved simulation of large-scale irrigated crops in the NCP can further enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between agricultural development and climate change.
GraphFlow v1.0: approximating groundwater contaminant transport with graph-based methods – an application to fault scenario selection
Authors: Moracchini Léonard , Pirot Guillaume , Bardot Kerry , Jessell Mark W. , McCallum James L.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Groundwater contaminant transport problems remain challenging with respect to their computing requirements. Thus, it often limits the exploration of conceptual uncertainty, that is mainly related to large scale structural features and due to limited characterization. Here, to facilitate geological conceptual uncertainty exploration, we develop further the use of graph representation for geological models to approximate groundwater flow and transport. We consider a faulted multi-heterogeneous-layer medium to test our approach. The existing rank correlation between shortest path distribution from a contaminant source to the model domain outlet and cumulative mass distribution at the outlet enables to perform scenario selection. The scenario selection approach relies on a metric combining the Jaccard dissimilarity and the Wasserstein distance to compare binary images. Among a set combining eight alternative scenarios, where three faults can either act as a flow barrier or a preferential path, we show that the use of graph-approximations allows to retain or reject scenarios with confidence as well as to estimate the individual probability of a fault to act as a barrier or a path. This methodology framework opens up possibilities to explore more thoroughly conceptual geological uncertainty for processes affected by flow and transport.