bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurological and psychiatric aspects of some endocrine diseases. The role of neurosteroids and neuroactive steroids
Authors: Aszalós Zsuzsa
Published: October 2007

A neuroaktív szteroid bármely szervben képződik, módosítani képes a neurális aktivitást különböző membránreceptorok modulálása útján. A neuroszteroid de novo a neuronban és gliában szintetizálódik, a központi idegrendszerben megtalálhatók a szteroidképző enzimek. A citoplazmában klasszikus, genomikus úton szabályzó, hosszú idejű hatásokat kiváltó szteroidhormon-receptorok vannak, a membránban rövid időtartamú, nem klasszikus szteroidreceptorok. Lényeges szerepet játszanak a szteroidreceptorokkal interferáló vagy az aktivitásukat fokozó korepresszorok és koaktivátorok. A kortikoszteroidok a stresszben betöltött funkciójukon túl bizonyított szerepet játszanak a félelemben, szorongásban és memóriafunkciókban, így Cushing-szindrómában gyakran fordul elő hangulatzavar, reverzíbilis cerebrális atrófia a kognitív funkciók átmeneti csökkenésével, ritkábban delírium vagy pszichózis. A periféria részéről közismert a szteroid-myopathia. Az Addison-kórra izomgyengeség, energiacsökkenés, a mentális funkciók és az életminőség csökkenése jellemző. Az ösztrogén és progeszteron saját receptorral rendelkezik, az allopregnanolon a GABA-receptorokon keresztül fejti ki hatását. Alapvető szerepük van az agy fejlődésének, az idegkörök és dendritek architektúrájának, az axonkapcsolatok sűrűségének és a sejtszámnak az alakulásában. Befolyásolják a maturációt, neuroprotekciót, görcskészséget, a kognitív funkciókat, hangulatot, szorongást, fájdalmat és a perifériás idegek restitúcióját. Az androgéneknek is van kapcsolatuk a kognitív funkciókkal, fájdalommal, szorongással, hangulatzavarokkal, valamint az agresszivitással is.
The real value of the transtelephonic ECG system in the clinical cardiological practice
Authors: Kékes Ede , Édes István
Published: October 2007

A szerzők ismertetik a transztelefonos EKG-rendszer alapelveit és ennek alkalmazási lehetőségeit a kardiológiai klinikai gyakorlatban. A rendszer alapeleme a kisméretű felvevőegység, melynek révén tetszés szerinti telefonrendszeren keresztül lehet a jelet a fogadó- és irányítóközpontba küldeni. A rendszer használata előnyös heveny kardiológiai esetekben, angina pectoris szindrómában, szívritmuszavarokban és a kardiológiai gondozás keretében (rehabilitáció, pacemaker-ellenőrzés). Ismertetik a nemzetközi gyakorlat eddigi legfontosabb eredményeit és bemutatják a hazánkban működő rendszert.
The role of Orvosi Hetilap in the development of Hungarian gastroenterology. Part 1: 1857–1904
Authors: Buzás György
Published: October 2007

A 150 éves
Orvosi Hetilap
szerepét az egyes szakterületek hazai kialakulásában még nem tanulmányozták.
Célkitűzés:
Az
Orvosi Hetilap
gasztroenterológiai tárgyú közleményeinek elemzése.
Módszer:
A szerző áttekintette a folyóirat 1857–1904 közötti évfolyamait, és a gasztroenterológiai tárgyú eredeti közleményekből, lapszemlékből és könyvismertetésekből adatbázist készített. Meghatározta a közlemények arányát, tematikai megoszlását, és azonosította az ismeretek forrásait.
Eredmények:
A vizsgált időszakban 455 eredeti közlemény jelent meg emésztőszervi betegségekről, ez az összes publikáció 8,2%-a. A közlemények tematikai megoszlásában a nyelőcső betegségei 2,4%-ot, a gyomor betegségei 14,7%-ot, a bélbetegségek 14,2%-ot, a máj- és epeutak betegségei 24,3%-ot képviselnek. A 113 szemlézett szaklapból 592 cikket ismertettek; a német folyóiratok aránya 52,5%, míg a franciák 15,9, az angolok pedig 10%-ot képviselnek. A szemlék közül 253 (42,7%) 10 magfolyóiratban (8 német, 2 angol) jelent meg. A 116 könyvismertetésben számos, ma már klasszikus művet tekintettek át. Az endoszkópiai ismeretek francia és német közvetítéssel a gégészet és az urológia területén alakultak ki, az első, merev eszközzel végzett oesophagoscopiákat 1902-ben végezték. A hepatológiában ebben a korszakban írják le a májelégtelenség, a krónikus hepatitis és a cirrhosis patológiai és klinikai jellegzetességeit.
Következtetések:
Az
Orvosi Hetilap
gasztroenterológiai közleményei az emésztőszervi betegségnek legtöbb korabeli kérdésével foglalkoznak. Az ismeretek többsége német és francia, kisebb részben angol közvetítéssel került a magyar szakirodalomba. A korszakban a leginkább tanulmányozott területet a máj és az epeutak betegségei képviselték.
Influence of Fan Nozzle Tip Orifice Wear on Spray Pattern
Authors: Sztachó-Pekáry István
Published: October 2007

Vezetéknév
Unifying Calibration Parameters for Dielectric Moisture Meter
Authors: Mészáros Péter , B. Funk David
Published: October 2007

The Unified Grain Moisture Algorithm is
capable of improved accuracy and allows the combination of many grain types
into a single “unified calibration”. The purposes of this research were to
establish processes for determining unifying parameters from the chemical and
physical properties of grains. The data used in this research were obtained as
part of the United States Department of Agriculture-Grain Inspection, Packers
and Stockyards Administration's Annual Moisture Calibration Study. More than
5,000 grain samples were tested with a Hewlett-Packard 4291A Material/Impedance
Analyzer. Temperature tests were done with a Very High Frequency prototype
system at Corvinus University of Budapest. Typical chemical and physical
parameters for each of the major grain types were obtained from the literature.
Data were analyzed by multivariate chemometric methods. One of the most
important unifying parameters (Slope) and the temperature correction
coefficient were successfully modeled. The Offset and Translation unifying
parameters were not modeled successfully, but these parameters can be estimated
relatively easily through limited grain tests.
Hyperspectral Technology in Vegetation Analysis
Authors: Jung András , Kardeván Péter , Tőkei László
Published: October 2007

The objective of the work reported is the development of red-edge
methodology in order to characterize agricultural vegetation types and the
determination of relationships between different vegetation (high biomass, low
biomass) and thermal images. Therefore, the aim was to calculate red-edge
position (REP) values and compare them to traditional vegetation indices (NDVI)
and thermal images. Images were taken by a DAIS 7915 airborne imaging
spectrometer that was equipped with an additional thermal imaging system. An
exponential relationship was found between the on-curve-evaluation based (REP)
and the broad band vegetation indices (NDVI). A linear relationship was
determined between surface temperature differences (
ΔTs
)
of the vegetation and NDVI values. A logarithmic relationship was found between
surface temperature differences (
ΔTs
) of the vegetation
of the canopy and red-edge position (REP). NDVI and REP are suitable vegetation
indices when there are several bands available in the spectral range of 600-800
nm. REP was found to be a suitable method for analyzing and characterizing
vegetated surfaces.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions of nonautonomous half-linear differential systems
Authors: Sugie Jitsuro , Onitsuka Masakazu , Yamaguchi Aya
Published: October 2007

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a class of second-order half-linear differential equations of the form (
ϕp
(
ẋ
))
.
+
a
(
t
)
ϕp
(
ẋ
) +
b
(
t
)
ϕp
(
x
) = 0. The main purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how every solution approaches zero, under the assumption that the zero solution is globally asymptotically stable. Sufficient conditions are also given for the zero solution to be globally asymptotically stable. Moreover, an autonomous case is investigated in full detail and a geometrical classification is made based on the asymptotic behavior of solutions. The method used here is mainly phase plane analysis for a system equivalent to the half-linear differential equations. Some suitable examples are included to illustrate the main results. Global phase portraits are also attached for a deeper understanding.
Enumeration of branched coverings of closed orientable surfaces whose branch orders coincide with multiplicity
Authors: Kwak Jin , Mednykh Alexander
Published: October 2007

The number
Nn
,
g
,
r
of nonisomorphic
n
-fold branched coverings of a given closed orientable surface
S
of genus
g
with
r
≧ 1 branch points of order
n
is determined. The result is given in terms of the Euler characteristic of the surface
S
with
r
points removed and the von Sterneck-Ramanujan function ϕ(
k,n
) = Σ
(
d
,
n
)=1
exp (\documentclass{aastex}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{portland,xspace}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}
\usepackage{bbm}
\pagestyle{empty}
\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}
\begin{document}
$$\frac{{2\pi ikd}}{n}$$
\end{document}). More precisely, if
v
= 2
g
− 2 +
r
then \documentclass{aastex}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{portland,xspace}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}
\usepackage{bbm}
\pagestyle{empty}
\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}
\begin{document}
$$N_{n,g,r} = \sum\limits_{\ell |n,\ell m = n} {(m!\ell ^m )^\nu } \sum\limits_{k = 1} {\left( {\frac{{\Phi (k,\ell )}}{n}} \right)^r } \sum\limits_{s = 0}^{m - 1} {( - 1)^{sr} \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {m - 1} \\ s \\ \end{array} } \right)^{ - \nu } } .$$
\end{document}.
Some inequalities between functionals on bounded sequences
Authors: Orhan Cihan
Published: October 2007

Recall that the statistical core theorem determines a class of regular matrices for which lim supAx≦st-lim supxfor allxε ℓ∞. The main object of this paper is to study an inequality sharper than that of the statistical core theorem as well as to establish a relationship between the statistical core theorem and absolute equivalence.
Weyl’s theorem for direct sums
Authors: Duggal Bhagwati , Kubrusly Carlos
Published: October 2007

Let
T
and
S
be Hilbert space operators such that Weyl’s theorem holds for both of them. In general, it does not follow that Weyl’s theorem holds for the direct sum
T
⊕
S
. We give asymmetric sufficient conditions on
T
and
S
to ensure that the direct sum
T
⊕
S
satisfies Weyl’s theorem. It is assumed that just one of the direct summands satisfies Weyl’s theorem but is not necessarily isoloid, while the other has no isolated points in its spectrum.
Laplace series
Authors: Horváth John
Published: October 2007

In 1900 Leopold Fejér proved his famous theorem concerning the Cesàro summability of the Fourier series of a function defined on the unit circle. In 1908 he proved an analogous result concerning the “Fourier series” of a function defined on the unit sphere: the Laplace series, and in 1925 he considerably sharpened his results. The present article is an expository account of the two papers from 1925.
‘Rock, roll and remember?’
Authors: McDonald Chris
Published: October 2007

This article addresses the under-representation of jazz within popular music studies and canons of popular music. It asks why a popular genre which shared so much with rock and roll--regarding its implication in American race relations, youth, leisure, mass media, etc.--came to be treated as something separate from post-war popular music. I argue that jazz’s musical and social parallels with rock and roll have been neglected because, on the one hand, jazz criticism and scholarship has been so invested in raising jazz’s status to an art music that its most commercial forms have been given little serious coverage. On the other hand, many popular music scholars have been invested in portraying rock and roll as a ‘revolutionary’ genre, and have therefore sought to show disjuncture, not parallels, with popular music from before 1950. Through this historiographical analysis, this article urges scholars to critically address the ‘received narratives’ which inform popular music studies curricula, and consider how these narratives are formed along generational, subcultural, and regional lines.
Was it really like that?
Authors: Brocken Michael
Published: October 2007

In an attempt to re-think ways in which the popular music past is represented, Mike Brocken looks at Lonnie Donegan’s recording of ‘Rock Island Line’ and questions the historical purposes that this seminal recording appears to have served for subsequent popular music writers and historians. Donegan, according to Brocken, is afforded very little historical authenticity due to his flirtation with the mainstream, while ‘Rock Island Line’ is historicized only as a form of 'ur-history’ to apparently more authentic soundtracks that appeared to follow. By focusing more upon space, time and synchronic fact (and away from the ‘event’ that can be more easily narrated), Brocken suggests that our historical knowledge of this seminal recording has been constructed in very specific ways. He concludes by suggesting that the epistomological, methodological and ideological factors concerning the historiography of skiffle, Donegan and ‘Rock Island Line’ in serving ‘rock-ist’ and ‘folk-ist’ narratives, all require urgent investigation.
Showgirls and stars
Authors: Rye Howard
Published: October 2007

This article is a study of the part played by musical revues in the provision of employment opportunities for African-American performers and the dissemination of African-American music into British popular culture. The role and artistic significance of dancers and musical-comedy artists has frequently been overlooked by conventional accounts concentrating on the contributions of recorded musicians. The study seeks also to give credit by name to the numerous female dancers who have joined the ranks of the artistic world's invisible women.
Q and The Face
Authors: Hill Stephen
Published: October 2007

This article challenges the view that the use of consumer-based vocabulary in the music press is at odds with valuing popular music qualitatively. This is placed in the context of those who have written specifically on the music press including Forde (2001), Strachan and Leonard (2003) and John Stratton (1982) as well as some of the key figures in Popular Music Studies: from Adorno (1942) and Reisman (1950) to Goodwin (1988), Grossberg (1993) and Negus (1996). The piece focuses in detail on The Face and Q during the 1980s and includes a resume of the personnel and institutions involved. However, the main focus of the article is the textual analysis of both titles and, in particular, the interpretation of this in light of Pierre Bourdieu’s work in Distinction (1979). It is argued that while education and cultural taste are integral parts in the function of the music press, it is the reflexive construction of the self that is primary in the judgements made about popular music.
Resource Notes
Authors: Linehan Andy
Published: October 2007

-
University jazz and the Mersey Sound
Authors: Hudson Brian
Published: October 2007

A Liverpool University graduate recalls his days in the late 1950s and early 60s when he was a drummer in various student jazz bands and a founder member of the pioneer Merseyside beat group, Cass and the Cassanovas. The activities of the University’s jazz society, Rhythm Club, and the Inter-University Jazz Federation are described, and jazz performances in Liverpool and elsewhere by famous British and American bands are recalled. The article reflects attitudes of jazz lovers at that time towards pop music, particularly rock ’n’ roll and the emerging ‘Mersey Sound’.
Music, poetry, and the politics of identity in Réunion Island
Authors: Samson Guillaume , Pitre Shawn
Published: October 2007

The article describes the ways language, poetry and musical creation had been used, in Réunion Island, to negotiate identity in colonial and post-colonial contexts. Focusing on three main currents since the end of the eighteenth century, it examines in detail the semantic role of literary and musical choices in a multicultural society. It shows in particular how political struggle for autonomy or French belonging had conditioned, in the seventies, the creation of a musical and literary dichotomy between 'folklore' and 'tradition'. The article analyses various recordings from 1930 to 1980, establishing boundaries for the study of the recording industry of the island.
Constructing an avant-garde
Authors: Stratton Jon
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this article is to discuss the possibility of a culturally based aesthetics of reception that helps to make sense of the ways that the three different strands of popular music that developed in Australia in the late 1970s were experienced. The particular focus of the article is on that strand known as Alternative Rock. Alternative Rock, the musical form that came out of Australia's cosmopolitan inner cities, was seen by its practitioners, and many critics, as being the avant-garde of Australian popular music. Indeed, as a musical form it represented the attempt by its practitioners to develop music that could be taken seriously as art. Roland Barthes had earlier elaborated an aesthetics of pleasure that, for him, legitimated a certain form of literature as avant-garde. In this article I show how similar understandings of pleasure permeate the ways that Australian Alternative Rock was, and indeed is, thought about. One crucial aspect of this, which applies to similar music considered to be avant-garde elsewhere, has been the debate over the distinction between what is considered music and what noise. I argue that this distinction relates to ideas of pleasure and that both are a function of cultural determinations.
The forgotten decade
Authors: Bennett Andy
Published: October 2007

This article revisits the popular music of the 1970s, reassessing its importance as a body of work and for the development of popular music in subsequent decades. The article begins by considering why much of the popular music of the 1970s has been virtually ignored by popular music theorists. Attention then focuses on several distinctive music genres of the 1970s—glam, hard rock and the emergent electronic music scene—and the connections between them and with punk (a music genre whose 1970s origins have been much more fully documented in academic work). Finally, it is argued that even rock, a staple of popular music scholarship during the 1970s and since, has been largely misrepresented—‘rock’ in the 1970s actually being an umbrella term for a highly experimental and eclectic musical field.
Popular music history on screen
Authors: Inglis Ian
Published: October 2007

The current popularity of popular music biopics in British and American cinema (and TV) has re-awakened discussions over the accuracy and reliability of the stories they tell. Using illustrations and examples from past and present productions, the paper explores the relationship between music, film and history; the inevitability of interpretation, imagination and invention in the films’ portrayals of history; the inevitable tensions between historical accuracy and commercial considerations; the options open to film-makers in their reconstruction of musical performances; and the attractions of the genre for producers and consumers of film and popular music. Many of these issues are applicable to cinema’s treatment of historical themes and events in general, but the success of films like Ray, Walk the Line and Beyond the Sea, and the large number of projects in various stages of production and pre-production, have given the popular music biopic a very specific place in the current debate.
BBC rock music programming on radio and television and the progressive rock audience, 1967–1973
Authors: Simonelli David
Published: October 2007

A little more than forty years into its existence, the British Broadcasting Corporation replaced its original popular music radio show, the Light Programme, with its first popular music radio services, Radio One and Radio Two. The creation of two radio stations that broadcast popular music with no overt aim to educate the public’s taste appeared to be a major reversal of everything the BBC had stood for throughout its existence. Nevertheless, this accommodation of the public taste was received with opprobrium in some quarters, namely from the burgeoning ‘underground’ press and a small but very vocal and influential section of the audience whose tastes were defined by what they called ‘progressive’ rock music; music that they heard only in select and not very popular listening hours on Radio One. Criticism of the corporation’s broadcast and programming policies had rarely been so public, or so widespread.
Estimativas de tendência genética para características produtivas em um rebanho do ecótipo Mantiqueira
Authors: Silva Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da , Ferreira William José , Cobuci Jaime Araujo , Guaragna Guilherme Paes , Oliveira Paulo Rogério Palma de
Published: October 2007

Os registros utilizados neste estudo foram provenientes das cinco primeiras lactações de 1406 vacas do ecótipo Mantiqueira, filhas de 113 reprodutores, com partos entre os anos de 1952 e 1997. As informações sobre as características produção total de leite (PL), produção de gordura (PG), duração da lactação (DL) e período seco (PS) foram obtidas do NPZGJRA/IZ/APTA/SAA. Com base nas predições dos valores genéticos, para cada característica estudada, estimaram-se os diferenciais de seleção e as tendências genéticas, por meio de quatro trajetórias de seleção: touros pais de touros (SB), vacas mães de touros (DB), touros pais de vacas (SC) e vacas mães de vacas (DC). Os períodos estudados compreenderam os anos de 1952 a 1976, primeiro período, que representou a formação e a ampliação do rebanho; de 1977 a 1997, segundo período, caracterizado pela implementação de um programa de melhoramento genético do ecótipo; e de 1952 a 1997, período total. As análises foram feitas por meio do sistema MTDFREML, com um modelo animal que incluiu os efeitos fixos de ano-estação de parto e duração da lactação e, como covariável, a idade da vaca no parto, em meses, com termos linear e quadrático. Como efeitos aleatórios foram incluídos animal, efeito permanente de meio e erro. Verificou-se que os diferenciais de seleção das trajetórias SB e SC foram superiores aos das demais trajetórias, no primeiro período, enquanto no segundo período, no entanto, em razão da mudança de critério de seleção, os diferenciais de seleção das trajetórias DB e DC foram maiores. As tendências genéticas obtidas para PG, DL e PS foram inexpressivas, o que sugere que a seleção tenha sido direcionada somente para PL. As taxas de ganho genético podem ser aumentadas, razão pela qual o programa de melhoramento deve ser reestruturado.
Análise genética da habilidade de permanência em fêmeas da raça Nelore
Authors: Silva Josineudson Augusto II de Vasconcelos , Eler Joanir Pereira , Ferraz José Bento Sterman , Oliveira Henrique Nunes de
Published: October 2007

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a possibilidade da característica habilidade de permanência (HP) de matrizes ser utilizada como critério de seleção na raça Nelore. A HP foi definida como a probabilidade de uma vaca parir, no rebanho, na idade de seis anos ou depois desta idade, dado que ela teve uma parição em data anterior. Foram analisadas informações de 55.682 animais. Utilizou-se a amostragem de Gibbs para estimar os componentes de variância e um modelo de limiar de máximo a posteriori para predizer os valores genéticos. A análise forneceu estimativa posterior de herdabilidade e desvio-padrão de 0,21 ± 0,00 e tendência genética, média por ano, de 0,14% para HP. A facilidade de mensuração da característica, a estimativa de herdabilidade e a tendência indicam que a utilização desta característica como critério de seleção pode contribuir para o aumento da fertilidade do rebanho.
Building a Thermodynamic Database for Platinum-Based Superalloys: Part II
Authors: Watson By A. , Süss R. , Cornish L. A.
Published: October 2007

Work is being done at Mintek, the University of Leeds and the University of Bayreuth to build up a platinum-aluminium-chromium-ruthenium (Pt-Al-Cr-Ru) database for the prediction of phase diagrams for further alloy development by obtaining good thermodynamic descriptions of all of the possible phases in the system. Binary descriptions were combined, allowing extrapolation into the ternary systems, and experimental phase equilibrium data were compared with calculated results. Very good agreement was obtained for the Pt-Al-Ru system, as described in Part I of this series of papers (). This paper (Part II) addresses the Pt-Cr-Ru system, with equally encouraging results. The final paper in the series (Part III, to be published in a future issue of Platinum Metals Review) will deal with work on the platinum-aluminium-chromium-nickel (Pt-Al-Cr-Ni) database at the University of Bayreuth. The Pt-Al-Cr-Ru and Pt-Al-Cr-Ni databases will eventually be merged.
Annealing Characteristics and Strain Resistance of 99.93 wt.% Platinum
Authors: Loginov By Yu. N. , Yermakov A. V. , Grohovskaya L. G. , Studenok G. I.
Published: October 2007

In industrial applications, platinum is often used in the form of the nominally pure metal, since impurities and alloying elements may adversely affect both its working characteristics and its stability against corrosion, at both ambient and high temperatures. Low strength, typical of a metal of this purity, is accepted in industrial products despite being a significant disadvantage. To optimise the technical parameters for the thermal and mechanical processing of platinum, knowledge is required of its rheological characteristics, including deformation resistance.
Enhancement of Industrial Hydroformylation Processes by the Adoption of Rhodium-Based Catalyst: Part II
Authors: Tudor By Richard , Ashley Michael
Published: October 2007

Part I of this article (), which appeared in the July 2007 issue of Platinum Metals Review, described the substantial cost and technical benefits brought to the hydroformylation of propylene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen (an ‘oxo’reaction) by replacing the previous high-pressure cobalt-catalysed technology with a low-pressure rhodium-based catalyst system (the LP OxoSMProcess). The background to the rhodium process and its development to the point of first commercialisation were reviewed. This article (Part II) covers some of the improvements made to the LP OxoSMProcess after the early plants started operation, and its uses in non-propylene applications.
Editorial
Authors: Jowitt P. W.
Published: October 2007

ICE journals: what are they for? Reporting on best practice, showcasing recent projects and providing a forum for vibrant discussion of research of subjects still in development, where we still have much to know and learn. Géotechnique is probably the exemplar of the latter. In some engineering areas there is little research left to be done — linear control theory is an example — as the problem is solved.
Strategic environmental assessment for wind farm sites
Authors: Rogers M. , Rogers M. , Magee I.
Published: October 2007

Using strategic environmental assessment, the current paper strives to assemble a site selection process for wind farms in order that suitable locations can be identified in a coherent and logical manner. Such a course of action is seen as preferable to the existing process where wind farm proposals are treated as one-off applications, with each subject to a lengthy decision process which may result in an unsuccessful outcome for one of the parties to the appraisal. Strategic environmental assessment is seen as providing a comprehensive framework for this process, enabling the decision to be made in a more efficient and environmentally sustainable manner, aiding the system by which wind farms can be sited in the least ecologically sensitive locations possible. The application of strategic environmental assessment to the siting of wind farms within County Cavan in Ireland is used to illustrate the operation of such a proposed assessment process.
Improving company performance through sustainability assessment
Authors: Braithwaite P.
Published: October 2007

The present paper introduces the concept of developing manufacturing facilities, organisational procedures and company responsibilities through an approach to sustainable development. The approach is centred on a case study of Kingspan Insulation Ltd, one of the construction industry's main suppliers of insulation products. For the last 18 months Kingspan Insulation has been involved with an assessment of its organisational procedures, practices and wider community impacts using the sustainable assessment framework Sustainable Project Appraisal Routine (Spear). Over this time period, an assessment and subsequent reassessment have indicated areas where the company can improve its sustainability performance and have enabled them to demonstrate real progress towards sustainability. By adopting this approach of using independent assessment at annual intervals, the company has undergone rapid cultural change and achieved this within its normal operational budgets. The approach adopted and advantages realised are described along with the responsibility taken on by senior management. As sustainable development is a process of continuous improvement, the latest action plan developed with the company is outlined.
The Intersinus Septal Cell: Anatomic, Radiologic, and Clinical Correlation
Authors: Merritt Robert M. , Bent John P. , Kuhn Frederick A.
Published: October 2007

Functional endoscopic frontal sinus surgery requires detailed knowledge of intranasal anatomy. Occasionally frontal sinusitis involves the intersinus septal cell (ISSC), which has not been described in the modern era of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). To study the ISSC, we reviewed 300 CT scans: 200 clinical and 100 cadaveric. We found ISSC in 70 (35%) of clinical scans, with six subjects having multiple ISSC. The cadaveric prevalence was slightly less at 31%. We further classified the ISSC according to the following criteria: type I, enclosed completely within the thin intersinus septum or bridging its entire inferior-superior extent; type II, bordered partially by this thin septum and partially by the thick septal base formed by the nasofrontal bone; type III, enclosed completely within the nasofrontal bone, often extending between frontal recesses rather than the actual sinuses. This report supplements our radiologic ISSC analysis with our experiences in five clinical cases.
Cryopreservation of Human Nasal Ciliated Epithelium
Authors: Yang Bin , McCaffrey Thomas V. , Kern Eugene B.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on human nasal cilia of various freezing and thawing methods in order to determine a reliable method of cryopreservation. Ten samples each were preserved by a slow freezing and a fast freezing method. All samples were stored in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) for 1 week. The frozen samples were thawed by one of two methods: 1) rapid thawing—37°C water bath for 3–4 minutes; and 2) slow thawing—room temperature for 15 minutes. Prefreeze and postthaw ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured. The slow freezing and fast thawing method (SFFT) resulted in the best viability. An additional 10 samples preserved using the SFFT method stored at –70°C to –90°C did not retain ciliary function. Thirty ciliated samples preserved by the SFFT method were examined after freezing in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month. There was no significant decrease in CBF after cryopreservation at –196°C for 1 week or 2 weeks (P> 0.05). As the storage time increased to 1 month, postthaw CBF decreased 7.25 ± 0.87% when compared to the prefreeze CBF (P < 0.05). We conclude that human nasal cilia preserved by SFFT at –196°C retain activity for up to 1 month.
Chronic Sinusitis: Comparison of Amoxicillin Concentration in Diseased versus Normal Mucosa
Authors: Kooiker Philip D. , Chow James M. , Stankiewicz James A. , Singh Ashok K.
Published: October 2007

Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, chronic sinusitis remains both a common entity and a difficult disease to eradicate. Current medical management, which consists primarily of extended antibiotic therapy, is effective in temporarily alleviating symptoms, but is ineffective in a number of patients in eradicating the infection. One hypothesis for the failure of medical management may be due in part to inadequate penetration of antimicrobials into the diseased sinus mucosa. In order to investigate this, mucosal specimens consisting of nasal polyps and/or diseased anterior ethmoid mucosa were harvested from 19 patients with chronic sinusitis who were being treated with Augmentin® and analyzed for amoxicillin concentrations by high pressure liquid chromatography. A biopsy of normal-appearing mucosa from the inferior turbinate was obtained from the same patient and served as the control, and was analyzed for amoxicillin concentration. Nine of 14 (64%) patients who had polyps harvested had amoxicillin concentrations in the polyps less than the amoxicillin concentration in the inferior turbinate. Two of the 14 (14%) patients had amoxicillin concentrations in the polyps greater than the amoxicillin concentration in the inferior turbinate, and the remaining three patients had amoxicillin concentrations in the polyps similar to the amoxicillin concentration in the inferior turbinate, (P = 0.029). Five of the 10 (50%) patients who had diseased anterior ethmoid sinus mucosa had amoxicillin concentrations in the diseased anterior ethmoid sinus less than the amoxicillin concentration in the inferior turbinate. Two of the 10 (20%) patients had similar amoxicillin concentrations in the diseased anterior ethmoid sinus and in the inferior turbinate and three of 10 (30%) patients with diseased anterior ethmoid sinus mucosa had amoxicillin concentrations greater than the amoxicillin concentration in the inferior turbinate. (P = 0.3725). These data suggest that there is impaired penetration of amoxicillin into nasal polyps and possibly a trend toward impaired penetration of amoxicillin into diseased anterior ethmoid sinus mucosa.
Anatomical Observations on the Attachments of the Medial Crura
Authors: Zhai Lijie , Bruintjes Tjasse D. , Hofstee Tineke W.A. , Huizing Egbert H.
Published: October 2007

There is confusion in the current literature regarding the exact nature of the attachments of the medial crura of the lobular cartilage. There have been suggestions that these may be ligamentous, in case of the attachment between the paired medial crura, or membranous, in case of the attachment between the medial crus and the septum. In an attempt to clarify the situation and to define an unambiguous nomenclature an anatomical study has been undertaken involving the macroscopic dissection and histological examination of the noses of 11 caucasian cadavers. The results have not yielded any evidence to corroborate the presence of either a ligamentous or membranous attachment. Instead they show that these areas consist of irregularly arranged connective tissue which fails to meet the histological criteria of a ligament or membrane.
Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Five-Year Results
Authors: Yao Kazuo , Takahashi Hiro-omi , Okamoto Makito , Inagi Katsuhide
Published: October 2007

Previous treatment methods for maxillary sinus carcinoma generally consisted of dissection of maxilla, full dose irradiation, and/or extensive chemotherapy. However, results of such treatment were often poor. Even if patients recover, quality of life (QOL) is significantly reduced as a result of loss of facial structures and functional disability. A retrospective analysis of 42 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma between 1975 and 1991 was undertaken. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with a standardized total course of pre and postoperative irradiation of 1,600 cGy, together with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. During the surgery, all visible tumor tissue was removed, and the surrounding tissues were left when possible to facilitate cellular immunity after the surgery. The 5-year survival rate statistically obtained was 100% in Stage II, 100% in Stage III, and 62% in Stage IV patients.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Nasal Secretions and Blood Serum in Grass-Pollen Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Klimek L. , Riechelmann H. , Amedee R.
Published: October 2007

Concentration of the Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) measured in different body fluids has been demonstrated to be a good marker of eosinophilic inflammation. In allergic asthma, ECP levels in both broncho-alveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid and serum can be used to monitor disease activity. In allergic rhinitis, the value of ECP determinations in serum and nasal secretions was not directly compared, so far. In the present study, ECP levels in blood serum (Se) and nasal secretions (NS) of grass pollen allergic and healthy individuals under pollen exposure were analyzed. Forty-three grass-pollen allergic subjects and 19 healthy volunteers were included. Grass-pollen counts were measured using Burkhard traps and a symptom scoring performed. In the allergic subjects, the mean ECP concentration in nasal secretions was 789 ± 515 ng/mL compared with 12.1 ± 7.4 ng/mL in serum; in the healthy volunteers it was 29.6 ± 15.4 ng/mL in NS compared to 9.4 ± 6.9 ng/mL in Se. ECP concentration in NS was significantly higher in allergic than in healthy subjects (P < 0.001) and in both significantly higher than in Se (P < 0.01). ECP concentration in Se did not differ significantly in patients and healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). In the allergic subjects, ECP concentration in NS but not in Se was closely correlated to symptom score and pollen exposure. We conclude that ECP levels in NS are a better marker of eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis than ECP serum levels.
Anterior Tibial Tendon Rupture: Results of Operative Treatment
Authors: Kopp Franz J. , Backus Sherry , Deland Jonathan T. , O'Malley Martin J.
Published: October 2007

Background: Anterior tibial tendon ruptures are rare, and most studies have reported subjective outcome data, with little or no objective analysis. The purpose of this study was to review the results of the operative treatment of anterior tibial tendon ruptures using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale and objective isokinetic testing. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of operatively treated anterior tibial tendon ruptures in 10 patients. The average age at the time of surgery was 57 (18 to 79) years. The etiology of rupture was traumatic in five and spontaneous in five patients. Evaluation consisted of preoperative and postoperative questionnaires, physical examination, and isokinetic strength testing. Average time between surgery and isokinetic testing was 27.9 months. Results: The average AOFAS score was 71.9 preoperatively and 89.8 postoperatively. Eight of 10 patients reported improvement in pain, and nine of 10 patients reported increased activity level postoperatively. All patients were satisfied with the overall function of their foot and would undergo the procedure again. The peak torque generated in the operative extremity during ankle dorsiflexion and hindfoot inversion was less than that of the uninvolved extremity. No statistically significant difference was noted between peak torque generation in ankles treated with direct anterior tibial tendon repair and ankles treated with anterior tibial tendon repair with augmentation. Conclusions: Operative treatment of anterior tibial tendon rupture resulted in a high level of patient satisfaction; however, isokinetic testing demonstrated a decrease in dorsiflexion and inversion strength compared to the uninjured extremity. The clinical significance of this residual weakness was not apparent in most patients. Patients with anterior tibial tendon ruptures should be forewarned that normal strength may not be a realistic expectation after surgery.
The Physical Characteristics of Materials Used in the Manufacture of Orthoses for Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Paton Joanne , Jones Ray B. , Stenhouse Elizabeth , Bruce Graham
Published: October 2007

Background: Neuropathic diabetic foot ulceration may be prevented if the mechanical stress transmitted to the plantar tissues can be modified. Orthotic therapy is one practical method commonly used to maintain tissue integrity. Orthotic design must consider the materials chosen for use in fabrication and profile of the device because both aspects influence the performance and durability of the device. Published research evaluating the physical properties of materials commonly used in the manufacture of orthoses for patients with diabetes is limited. This study investigated the physical properties of materials used to fabricate orthoses designed for the prevention of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Fifteen commonly used orthotic materials were selected for testing: four specifications of 6.4-mm Poron® (Rogers Corp., Gent, Belgium), 3.2-mm Poron®, three densities of 12-mm Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), 12-mm low-density plastazote, two depths (6.4-mm, 3.2-mm) of Cleron™ (Algeo Ltd., Liverpool, UK), Professional Protective Technology (PPT), and MaxaCane (Algeo Ltd, Liverpool, UK). The density, resilience, stiffness, static coefficient of friction, durability, and compression set of each material were tested, ranked, and allocated a performance indicator score. Results: The most clinically desirable dampening materials tested were Poron® 96 (6-mm) and Poron® 4000 (6-mm). High density EVA (Algeo Ltd., Liverpool, UK) and Lunacell Nora® EVA (Freudenberg, Weinhein, Germany) possessed the properties most suitable to achieve motion control. The data present a simple and useful comparison and classification of the selected materials. Conclusions: Although this information should not be used as a single indicator for assessing the suitability of an orthotic material, the results provide clinically relevant information relating to the physical properties of orthotic materials commonly used in the prevention of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers.
The Clash of the German Hunting Community and the Anti-Hunting Movement: Its Political and Social Dimensions
Authors: Anderson Gary
Published: October 2007

On a frozen field 35 kilometers east of Dortmund, members of Germany’s

elite—government officials, business leaders, and royalty—

assemble in the medieval city of Arnsberg for a 1,000 year ritual: the

Arnsberg Treibjagd (driven hunt). Like live-sized Hummelfiguren,

adorned in Bavarian-style Loden coats, expensive Zeiss binoculars,

priceless weapons, and accompanied by the German hunter’s best

friend, the Dackel, they ready themselves for the ancient and hairraising

wail of the hunting horns—the hunt is on! The playing out of

this medieval scene is soon interrupted, however, by an unlikely

group of fast-moving, jean-clad “hunting saboteurs” who, wielding

signs that read “Hunting is Murder,” proceed to barricade hunting

areas and to risk life and limb before high-powered rifles. The scene

plays itself out in the usual way: heated words are exchanged, the

police arrive, and the hunt is cancelled. Over the past few years, this

scenario has become more common in German forests. For the first

time in its deeply rooted existence, German hunting is under siege

by the anti-hunting movement, begging the question of whether this

age-old hunting culture will survive in the new century.
Votes and Resources: Political Finance in Germany
Authors: Pulzer Peter
Published: October 2007

“Votes count,” Stein Rokkan asserted many years ago, “but resources

decide.”1 Political finance is one of the many arenas in which Alexander

and Shiratori’s “conflict between real inequalities in economic

resources and idealized equalities in political resources” is fought out.2

Yet the battleground is more complex than either of these authorities

suggests. Votes are also a resource. They legitimate, and they can also

punish, if those who cast them think that economic resources are

being used unreasonably. Above all, the determination of electoral

outcomes involves players others than voters and moneyed

interests. In almost all modern democracies there are referees of

varying effectiveness. In general, the referee is “the state,” but much

depends on the organs through which the state operates. Governments

are not necessarily neutral agents; they and the parliaments

that legislate on the regulation of political finance may merely reflect

the interests of dominant or established parties. Political finance can,

however, also be regulated, as for instance in Germany or the United

States, by judicial review. In addition the media almost everywhere

play an unpredictable role as spectator, watchdog or interested participant.
The PDS after Gysi: A Report from the PDS Congress in Cottbus
Authors: Olsen Jonathan
Published: October 2007

The Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) stands at a political crossroad.

In October 2000, Gregor Gysi resigned as parliamentary leader

of the PDS, and, though pledging to remain active in the party, he

will no longer hold any important party post. Gysi’s resignation was

no surprise, since he had already announced his intentions at the

PDS’s controversial Parteitag in Münster in March 2000. Nevertheless,

the reality of a “post-Gysi” PDS has only now begun to settle in.

More than any other politician in Germany—and perhaps more than

any German politician in recent memory—Gysi personified his party.

The sense of anxiousness among PDS leaders and the majority of

the party rank-and-file in the wake of Gysi’s departure is palpable.
Patriarchy Within a Patriarchy: Women and the Stasi
Authors: Cooper Belinda
Published: October 2007

Public debate in Germany, particularly in the western German

media, grew heated in 1991 and 1992 over the role of intellectuals in

East German society and their collaboration with or resistance to the

Stasi. Sparks flew with particular intensity when Wolf Biermann,

former East German dissident musician and poet, accused Sascha

Anderson, erstwhile East German dissident poet, of being a Stasi

informant and an “asshole” (while there was some disagreement

over the latter charge, the former, at least, turned out to be accurate).

As the debate raged, some observers commented that it seemed

more a clash of male egos than a serious attempt to analyze the past.

In a 1993 book on the dissident literary community, a West German

commentator suggested the Stasi debate was a conflict among “three

egomaniacs … [Wolf] Biermann, [writer Lutz] Rathenow, [Sascha]

Anderson.” East German author Gabriele Stötzer-Kachold had

made a similar suggestion in 1992.
Art, Consumption, and the Representation of Evil: New Views on Nazi and Post-Nazi Modernism
Authors: Betts Paul
Published: October 2007

Eric Michaud, Un Art de L’Éternité: L’image et le temps du national-socialisme (Paris: Gallimard, 1996).

Omer Bartov, Murder in Our Midst: The Holocaust, Industrial Killing and Representation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).

Michael Wildt, Vom kleinen Wohlstand: Eine Konsumgeschichte der fünfziger Jahre (Frankfurt: Fischer, 1996).
Daniel Jonah Goldhagen Comments on Birn
Authors: Goldhagen Daniel Jonah
Published: October 2007

To continue refuting Ruth Bettina Birn’s specific falsehoods point by

point is to feed the charade that she is engaged in a scholarly discussion.

Thirty examples (many containing multiple instances) of her

fabrications, which I have documented in “The Fictions of Ruth Bettina

Birn” should be sufficient to establish this. Nevertheless, just so

others cannot say that I have not responded to them, an addendum

to this article taking up her individual misrepresentations, as well as

my original reply, can be found on the Internet at goldhagen.com.

Here I will briefly put Birn’s commentary in its appropriate general

perspective, so that people may know what she is up to: attacking

my book and my character by ascribing to me views and ideas that

are the opposite of my own.