bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should I Start at MATH 101? Content Repetition as an Academic Strategy in Elective Curriculums
Authors: Harrison Monique H. , Hernandez Philip A. , Stevens Mitchell L.
Published: February 2022

How do undergraduates make their first course decisions, and are these decisions fateful? Drawing on serial interviews (N = 200) of 53 students at an admissions-selective university, we show that incoming students with disparate precollege experiences differ in their orientations toward and strategies for considering first college math courses. Content repeaters opt for courses that repeat material covered in prior coursework, whereas novices opt for courses covering material new to them. Content repeaters receive high grades and report confidence in their math ability, whereas novices in the same classes receive lower grades and report invidious comparisons with classmates. These strategies vary with students’ socioeconomic background and prior exposure to institutions of higher education, suggesting the role of content repetition in maintaining class disparities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways. Findings encourage researchers to resist equating content repetition with remediation, attend to the agentic and social-psychological dimensions of academic progress, and recognize that elective curriculums create conditions for the performative reproduction of academic and socioeconomic inequalities.
Determinants of School Discipline: Examination of Institutional Level Factors Impacting Exclusionary Sanctions
Authors: Taylor Jacob-Paul , Zuber Malgorzata , Shoup David
Published: February 2022

This research strives to enrich criminological and educational literature by providing a better understanding of relationships among school performance and achievement, attendance, and demographic information based upon the number of exclusionary disciplinary actions within public high schools. Using data on 409 traditional high schools from the Pennsylvania Department of Education, this quantitative study uses path analysis to examine the relationships between school factors, including demographics and achievement measures, and exclusionary discipline. The findings indicated a direct relationship between a schools’ drop-out rate, AP courses, and standardized test scores and the schools’ total number of exclusionary disciplinary actions. In addition, socioeconomic status and attendance rates indirectly impacted exclusionary disciplinary actions. The study also determined a correlation between the number of minority students within a school and the total number of disciplinary actions. These findings have a number of implications for school systems that hope to eliminate the school-to-prison pipeline.
Resident Experiences With a Place-Based Collaboration to Address Health and Social Inequities: A Survey of Visitors to the East Harlem Neighborhood Health Action Center
Authors: Dannefer Rachel , Sleiter Luke , Lopez Jessie , Gutierrez Jaime , Letamendi Carl , John Padmore , Bailey Zinzi
Published: February 2022

In 2016 and 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene established Neighborhood Health Action Centers (Action Centers) in disinvested communities of color as part of a place-based model to advance health equity. This model includes co-located partners, a referral and linkage system, and community space and programming. In 2018, we surveyed visitors to the East Harlem Action Center to provide a more comprehensive understanding of visitors’ experiences. The survey was administered in English, Spanish, and Mandarin. Respondents were racially diverse and predominantly residents of East Harlem. The majority had been to the East Harlem Action Center previously. Most agreed that the main service provider for their visit made them feel comfortable, treated them with respect, spoke in a way that was easy to understand, and that they received the highest quality of service. A little more than half of returning visitors reported engaging with more than one Action Center program in the last 6 months. Twenty-one percent of respondents reported receiving at least one referral at the Action Center. Two thirds were aware that the Action Center offered a number of programs and services and half were aware that referrals were available. Additional visits to the Action Center were associated with increased likelihood of engaging with more than one program and awareness of the availability of programs and referral services. Findings suggest that most visitors surveyed had positive experiences, and more can be done to promote the Action Center and the variety of services it offers.
Exploring How Undergraduate Psychology Majors Seek Information and Experiences for Career Preparation
Authors: Salomon Ilyssa , Pals Andrea M. , Elsey Taylor , Golding Jonathan M. , Sheehan Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2022

Background

American Psychological Association Guidelines for Undergraduate Education (2013) encourage workforce preparation among undergraduate students, and the field of psychology has implemented this recommendation in various ways.

Objective

The present study investigated what sources undergraduate psychology students use to find information about and experiences they seek in preparation for their future careers, and what characteristics are associated with this process.

Method

Undergraduate participants ( N = 354) described the number and type of sources from which they sought information and experiences on careers, and also provided demographic information (e.g., academic achievement).

Results

Participants primarily used the Internet, advice from friends/family, and a career orientation course to find information, with higher academic achievement predicting the use of more sources. They sought a variety of experiences to enhance career opportunities (e.g., volunteering), with academic achievement and class standing as positive predictors of seeking more of such experiences.

Conclusion

To maximize students’ success, psychology departments should show students everything that the department and university have to offer by way of career information and preparation.

Implications

Departments should encourage students to use resources within the psychology department, include career information in orientation courses, in addition to regularly encouraging familiarity with on campus career centers.
Evidence for similar conceptual progress across diverse cultures in children’s understanding of emotion
Authors: Harris Paul L. , Cheng Liao
Published: February 2022

Research with adults has increasingly moved beyond the focus on a small set of allegedly basic emotions, each associated with a signature facial expression. That expansion has been accompanied by a greater emphasis on the potential variability of emotion concepts across different cultural settings. In this conceptual review of children’s understanding of emotion, we argue that it is also important in developmental research to look beyond the small set of emotions associated with distinctive facial expressions. At the same time, we caution against any premature rejection of a universalist approach to children’s understanding of emotion. We review three different lines of evidence in support of this stance: (1) children’s ability to appropriately cite situational elicitors for emotions beyond the basic set; (2) their developing understanding of the relations between emotions and other mental processes; and (3) their realization that a person’s facially expressed emotion may not indicate their felt emotion. In each of these three domains, we target studies that have included children from a variety of cultures to assess how far they respond similarly or differently. We conclude that there is robust evidence for similar conceptual progress in children’s understanding of emotion across a range of cultural settings.
Estimating Value-Based Price and Quantifying Uncertainty around It in Health Technology Assessment: Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches
Authors: Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Shiroiwa Takeru
Published: February 2022

Background:

Although several statistical methods have been developed to inform decision making on reimbursement under uncertainty (e.g., expected net benefit, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, and expected value of perfect information [EVPI]), those for value-based pricing are limited. This research develops methods for estimating the value-based price and quantifying the uncertainty around it in health technology assessment.

Methods:

We defined the value-based price of a medical product under assessment as the price at which the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is just equal to a cost-effectiveness threshold. According to this definition, we derived an explicit form of the value-based price. Using this explicit form, we developed frequentist and Bayesian approaches to value-based pricing under uncertainty. Our proposed methods were illustrated via 2 hypothetical case studies.

Results:

The value-based price can be expressed explicitly using cost, effectiveness, and a cost-effectiveness threshold and is a linear function of a cost-effectiveness threshold. In the frequentist framework, point estimation, interval estimation, and hypothesis testing for the value-based price are available. In the Bayesian framework, the best estimate of the value-based price under uncertainty is the weighted median value-based price with the weight of the expected consumption volume of a medical product under assessment. This is based on the opportunity loss incurred by a decision error in value-based pricing. This opportunity loss also provides a basis for the calculation of EVPI associated with value-based pricing. These methods provided estimates of the value-based prices of medical products and the uncertainty around them in 2 hypothetical case studies.

Conclusions:

Our developed methods can improve decision making on value-based pricing in health technology assessment.
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis mimicking infiltrative malignancy: a case report
Authors: Akabane Miho , Haruta Shusuke , Fujii Takeshi , Urabe Masayuki , Ohkura Yu , Ueno Masaki , Udagawa Harushi
Published: February 2022

The treatment strategy for an idiopathic retroperitoneal mass has not yet been established. Additionally, differentiating between benign and malignant is a challenge. Herein, we report a case in which we performed partial resection of a mass in a symptomatic patient with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis that mimicked malignancy. A 44-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history other than gallstones presented with a 1-month history of abdominal pain and repetitive vomiting. Imaging studies identified a large, retroperitoneal mass compressing the duodenum that had grown acutely over the preceding 2 weeks. The possibility that the mass was malignant could not be excluded. Considering the invasiveness and potential curability, we performed partial resection of the mass, which involved partial colonic resection with reconstruction, to allow for pathological diagnosis and intestinal obstruction treatment. The final pathological findings revealed that the mass consisted of hemorrhagic and fibrotic tissue without a tumorous component. The patient’s postoperative course was unremarkable. She is alive 8 years postoperatively with no recurrence. In conclusion, a surgical approach, including biopsies, to idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis that mimics malignancy should be actively considered in symptomatic patients. Decisions regarding the required degree of surgical intervention call for sufficient, case-specific discussion.
Language Modulates Categorical Effects of Moving Color Objects
Authors: Sun Mengdan , Zhang Xuemin
Published: February 2022

Categorical perception (CP) of color claims that colors from different linguistic categories are discriminated more easily than those from the same category, suggesting that language may interact with visual perception. However, controversy remains regarding whether CP effects derive from language. Recently, CP effects were found in a dynamic paradigm named multiple object tracking (MOT). Here, we investigated whether this kind of CP is dependent on online use of language. We found that the CP effects are reduced by verbal interference when the participants were required to memorize color words during tracking (Experiment 2) but not when the interference stimuli were digits (Experiment 1). Our study suggested that the CP effects in tracking depend partly on online use of language and that the difficulty of verbal interference tasks influences the capability of disrupting CP.
Use of the AusTOMs-OT to record outcomes in an occupational therapy homeless service
Authors: Alderdice Elaine , Wolfe Debra , Timmer Amanda J , Unsworth Carolyn A
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Occupational therapists provide services to homeless people internationally, yet relatively little research evidence underpins this practice. This study aimed to describe the process of selecting an outcome measure for use in a homeless occupational therapy service and demonstrate the changes experienced in the occupational performance of individuals participating in this service.

Method

The Glasgow homeless occupational therapy service staff reviewed eight outcome measures against six pre-determined criteria. The selected tool was then used to collect data pre and post an occupational therapy intervention with 58 participants. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to determine statistically significant change from admission to discharge in the different domains of the selected outcome measure.

Results

The AusTOMs-OT was implemented in daily practice and 70% of participants were discharged following achievement of therapy goals. Clients made clinically and statistically significant improvements over their admission as measured on AusTOMs-OT in areas such as Transfers, Self-Care and Domestic Life-Home, across the health domains of activity, participation and wellbeing.

Conclusion

AusTOMs-OT was successfully implemented and demonstrated that participants improved over their time with the service. This evidence can be used to support the effectiveness of occupational therapy services with people experiencing homelessness.
Caudal catheter placement for repeated epidural morphine doses after neonatal upper abdominal surgery
Authors: Ho Anthony M-H , Torbicki Emma , Winthrop Andrea L , Kolar Mila , Zalan Julie E , MacLean Gillian , Mizubuti Glenio B
Published: February 2022

Effective pain control after major surgery in neonates presents many challenges. Parenteral opioids (and co-analgesics) are often used but inadequate analgesia and oversedation are not uncommon. Although continuous thoracic epidural analgesia is highly effective and opioid-sparing, its associated risks and the need for staff with specialised skills and/or neonatal intensive care unit staff buy-in may preclude this option even in many academic centres. We present the case of a six-day-old infant who underwent upper abdominal surgery and received intermittent morphine doses via a tunnelled caudal epidural catheter, which provided satisfactory analgesia and facilitated early extubation.
Strain rate-dependent crash simulation of woven glass fabric thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ahmad Bilal , Fang Xiangfan
Published: February 2022

Woven fabric thermoplastic composites possess high specific strength and stiffness along with thermoformability. To utilize the full potential of these materials to achieve better crash-safe designs in automotive structural parts, their crash behavior must be predicted accurately. For reliable crash simulations, strain rate-dependent material data and equally capable material modeling are required. In this study, quasi-static and high-speed tests are carried out to measure tensile and in-plane shear properties. A strain rate-dependent continuum damage mechanics model is formulated to describe the deformation and damage behavior of woven glass fabric composites. Tensile and in-plane shear tests on a lab scale are used to calibrate the material parameters of the model. The model was implemented as a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) for Abaqus. Experimental results from coupon tests were used to verify the results of a single-element simulation. Finally, a structural level dynamic crash test of a u-profile on a drop tower was used to validate the predictions of the user material model.
Examining the Efficacy of Accountability Systems in Preventing Nonprofit Misconduct: A Look Beyond Financial Fraud
Authors: Lamothe Meeyoung , Ter-Mkrtchyan Ani , Ruddle Travis B. , Kuyon Kayleigh
Published: February 2022

The purpose of our study is to broaden the investigation of nonprofit misconduct beyond financial fraud perpetrated by individual actors and to identify structural features that are more or less likely to be associated with actual misconduct. We utilize the Charity Navigator Advisory System and related press releases to identify 215 nonprofit organizations with confirmed or alleged misconduct. We also collect the IRS Form 990 information for 133 out of the 215 organizations with known misconduct and 150 organizations without known misconduct to compare their accountability structures. Our findings suggest that, while financial fraud committed by individual perpetrators against their organizations is the most frequently identified type of misconduct, a substantial number of other types of misbehaviors also commonly occur. Our comparison analysis indicates that organizations with known misconduct deviate significantly from scandal-free charities in several structural aspects.
Climate strike or not? Intersectionality of age and culture encountered by young climate activists in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hung-Chieh
Published: February 2022

While the mainstream discourses of global climate strikes focus on the issue of generational justice, the experience in the context of East Asia has been under-researched. This study explores the local experience and interpretation of this movement among the young activists in Taiwan. The results show that climate strike is currently impossible in Taiwan. This study discusses this from the intersectionality of age and culture, namely, obsession with academic performance, low awareness of the right to strike, and parental intervention. It also highlights the strategies that young activists employ to reduce these barriers.
Effect of trapezoidal shapes and non-uniform edge loads on buckling behaviour of plates with cutouts
Authors: Ranjere Maharudra , Rajanna T , Arya Bheemsha
Published: February 2022

Crucial buckling loads of composite laminates are typically determined by employing analytical techniques based on the presumptions that the plates are susceptible to uniform edge loads, ignoring the fact that the practical assemblies are regularly exposed to different non-uniform edge loads. The current research paper is centered on the buckling behaviour of different patterns of trapezoidal composite laminates with cutouts under the application of non-uniform in-plane edge loads by employing finite element technique. To achieve this, the panel is discretized by using 9-noded heterosis plate element by employing the impact of shear deformation and rotary inertia. For a given load and the shape of panel, the stress concentration within the panel is highly non-uniform in nature. Hence, a dynamic approach has been employed to calculate the buckling loads. The accuracy of the method is verified by relating the obtained results with existent research. The impact of various variables including the size of the cutout, non-uniform edge loads, boundary conditions, ply alignments and panel trapezoidal shape ratio has been considered to examine the buckling behavior of trapezoidal panels. Buckling load factor optimization using CCD and RSM has also been carried out in detail.
The effect of nanocomposite synthesis and the drying procedure of graphene oxide dispersion on the polycaprolactone/graphene oxide nanocomposite properties
Authors: Minář Jaroslav , Doležal Jan , Brožek Jiří
Published: February 2022

In this work, we compare how the properties of polycaprolactone (PCLO) nanocomposites are affected by the method of nanocomposite synthesis and the differences in graphene oxide (GO) properties. PCLO nanocomposites with freeze-dried or hot-dried graphene oxide (FGO/HGO) were synthesized by in situ polymerization and melt mixing. The PCLO molar masses remained constant during melt mixing, but they were significantly reduced with increasing amount of GOs during in situ polymerization. Despite this fact, the in situ polymerized nanocomposites showed enhancement in Young modulus up to 45%, compared to only 10% modulus increase of melt-mixed nanocomposites. This was attributed to the higher crystallinity and the higher level of nanofiller dispersion and exfoliation in in situ polymerized nanocomposites. When comparing the effect of FGO and HGO on nanocomposites properties, the improved dispersion and ameliorated mechanical properties were observed for the former one.
Ethical reflection support for potential organ donors' relatives: A narrative review
Authors: Baumann Antoine , Thilly Nathalie , Joseph Liliane , Claudot Frédérique
Published: February 2022

Background:

Even in countries with an opt-out or presumed consent system, relatives have a considerable influence on the post-mortem organ harvesting decision. However, their reflection capacity may be compromised by grief, and they are, therefore, often prone to choose refusal as default option. Quite often, it results in late remorse and dissatisfaction. So, a high-quality reflection support seems critical to enable them to gain a stable position and a long-term peace of mind, and also avoid undue loss of potential grafts. In practice, recent studies have shown that the ethical aspects of reflection are rarely and often poorly discussed with relatives and that no or incomplete guidance is offered. No review of the literature is available to date, although it could be of value to improve the quality of the daily practice.

Objectives:

The objective was to review and synthesize the main concepts and approaches, theories and practices of ethical reflection support of the relatives or surrogates of potential post-mortem organ donors.

Research design:

A narrative review was performed in the medical, psychological and ethical fields using PubMed, PsycArticles and Web of Science databases (1980–2020).

Results:

Out of 150 papers, 25 were finally retained. Four themes were drawn: the moral status of the potential post-mortem organ donor, the principlistic approach with its limits and critics, the narrative approach and the transcendental approach.

Discussion:

This review suggests an extension of psychological support towards ethical reflection support. The process of helping relatives in their ethical exploration of post-mortem organ donation is psychologically and morally characterized. The need for specialized professionals educated and experienced both in clinical psychology and in health ethics to carry out this task is discussed.

Practical impact:

This review could contribute to optimize the quality of the ethical reflection support by initiating an evolution from an empirical, partial and individual-dependent support to a more systematized, professionalized and exhaustive support.
University–Industry Linkages in Agriculture: The Case of Palestine
Authors: Sultan Wasim , Sultan Suhail , Dijk Meine Pieter Van , Ritzen Jo
Published: February 2022

The usual crisis mode of economic operations in Palestine intersects with the adverse consequences of COVID-19 and necessitates an innovative response to survive. This research builds on potential synergies between industry and university to expand the Palestinian agriculture sector resilience. We report on an explorative study that sought to understand the reality of the university–industry linkages (UILs) by considering information and experience gathered from 29 interviews in January 2020 and April 2021. Interviewees represent five key actor groups: farmers and agribusinesses, private institutions, universities, the Ministry of Agriculture, and NGOs. Content analysis revealed a nascent collaboration scope and uncovered the lack of a confident attitude among farmers towards agriculture research efforts, the poor communication performance, and misalignment of purpose. University actors need to encompass the UILs in their mission and touch farmers’ needs by providing novelty evidence research. Yet, farmers and agribusinesses may take the initiative to communicate their problems and search for renovation. We developed a framework of underpinnings to enhance collaboration and a healthier agriculture sector. We suggest activating the cooperatives and diversifying farmers’ income as deemed more resilient to face the pandemic.
Academic Migration to Poland: Policies and Paradoxes
Authors: Luczaj Kamil
Published: February 2022

The skill-attracting policies encouraging the internationalisation of higher education are compatible with a modernisation discourse, at the heart of which lies a belief that international researchers are highly embedded super-achievers allured by targeted policies. By focusing on the life stories of foreign-born scholars working in Poland (100 in-depth interviews), and Polish department heads (20 interviews) this article revealed three paradoxes that should never have come to be according to the Western modernisation paradigm. The first paradox is related to the expectation that policies targeted at incoming scholars should be the first and foremost enticement for international scholars. The second paradox stems from the fact that some internationally mobile academics representing the humanities and social sciences—in their biographical narratives—highly criticise current academic policies focused on internationalisation. The third paradox is related to the fact that, counterintuitively, less embedded academic migrants perform better. This is an outcome of the life strategy of top-performing scholars, who decide to work in Poland only upon receiving a prestigious and temporary, often EU-funded, scholarship (e.g., Marie Curie). Building on the empirical material from Poland, this article introduces a new notion—the ‘internationalisation against the grain’ to embrace the paradoxes of internationalisation from many peripheral countries.
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Frontline Homeless Services Workers in Texas
Authors: Aykanian Amanda , Mammah Ricka Olga
Published: February 2022

A personal history of trauma can be a risk factor for job-based secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Experts have pointed to the need to understand the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among people on the frontlines of health and human services to ensure adequate supports. A small body of literature has examined the prevalence of ACEs among direct service providers, including child welfare workers and social workers. This study adds to that research by assessing the prevalence of ACEs in a sample of frontline homeless service workers. Findings suggest an ACE prevalence higher than the general population but similar to that found in other studies of direct service professionals. Implications for organizational support and trauma-informed supervision are discussed.
Incidence and characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment during coronavirus-19 pandemic: A French study
Authors: Vest Agathe , Keilani Chafik , Chaumet-Riffaud Philippe , Barale Pierre-Olivier , Tuil Eric , Ayello-Scheer Sarah , Koch Edouard , Abada Samir , Giocanti-Auregan Audrey , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Delbarre Maxime , Froussart-Maille Françoise , Beaugrand Amélie , Tadayoni Ramin , Sahel José-Alain , Paques Michel
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown on the number and clinical characteristics of patients with retinal detachment (RD) in a French public university eye hospital.

Methods

Single-center, retrospective non-interventional study. Patients consulting at the emergency room (ER) of Quinze-Vingts Hospital (France) for rhegmatogenous RD before and after instauration of the lockdown were reviewed. We compared the characteristics of patients with RD between the containment period (March17th - April27th,2020) and the period preceding the lockdown (February18th - March16th,2020). We compared the number of RD surgeries performed between the first month of lockdown (March17th - April19th,2020) and the corresponding period of 2019. Number of cases, delay between diagnosis and surgery, visual acuity was measured.

Results

During the first month of lockdown, 59 RDs were operated on, compared to 107 in the corresponding period in 2019 (-44,8%). Mean time from first symptoms to surgery was significantly higher during the lockdown 12.7 (11.3) days vs 7.6 (7.8) days (p = 0.031) before. During the lockdown, the mean BCVA was lower albeit the difference did not reach statistical significance (1.16 (0.9) during pre-containment vs 1.5 (0.9) during containment; p = 0.09). Reasonsfor delayed consultation were: fear of Covid-19 (31%; p = 0.0001), absence of referral doctor (31%; p = 0.003) and difficulties in getting to public transport (10.3%;p = 0.859).

Conclusion

Despite maintaining accessto emergency eye care facilitiesin our hospital, the lockdown affected visual health. Should the lockdown be reinstated, we postulate that a better information about eye care access for non-Covid emergencies may attenuate its effect on visual health.
A Review of Coronaviruses Associated With Kawasaki Disease: Possible Implications for Pathogenesis of the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19
Authors: Shahbaz Fatima Farrukh , Martins Russell Seth , Umair Abdullah , Ukrani Ronika Devi , Jabeen Kausar , Sohail M Rizwan , Khan Erum
Published: February 2022

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), representing a new entity in the spectrum of manifestations of COVID-19, bears symptomatic resemblance with Kawasaki Disease (KD). This review explores the possible associations between KD and the human coronaviruses and discusses the pathophysiological similarities between KD and MIS-C and proposes implications for the pathogenesis of MIS-C in COVID-19. Since 2005, when a case-control study demonstrated the association of a strain of human coronavirus with KD, several studies have provided evidence regarding the association of different strains of the human coronaviruses with KD. Thus, the emergence of the KD-like disease MIS-C in COVID-19 may not be an unprecedented phenomenon. KD and MIS-C share a range of similarities in pathophysiology and possibly even genetics. Both share features of a cytokine storm, leading to a systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress that may cause vasculitis and precipitate multi-organ failure. Moreover, antibody-dependent enhancement, a phenomenon demonstrated in previous coronaviruses, and the possible superantigenic behavior of SARS-CoV-2, possibly may also contribute toward the pathogenesis of MIS-C. Lastly, there is some evidence of complement-mediated microvascular injury in COVID-19, as well as of endotheliitis. Genetics may also represent a possible link between MIS-C and KD, with variations in FcγRII and IL-6 genes potentially increasing susceptibility to both conditions. Early detection and treatment are essential for the management of MIS-C in COVID-19. By highlighting the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to MIS-C, our review holds important implications for diagnostics, management, and further research of this rare manifestation of COVID-19.
Post-Covid: What is cultural theory useful for?
Authors: Couldry Nick
Published: February 2022

This short piece explores what cultural theory should learn from the experience of the global pandemic. It argues that the main lesson should not be about how the crisis of the pandemic has been interpreted culturally, but about the deep social and economic inequalities which were foregrounded through the experience of ‘getting by’ in the pandemic, which positioned people in very different ways. So dramatic have been those inequalities, that any inherited notion of culture as something shared need to be definitively abandoned. This had already been anticipated in Ulf Hannerz’s deconstruction of holistic notions of culture three decades ago, but it needs now to be acted on, as we seek to confront honestly the growing inequalities which make the normal order of everyday life possible.
‘Generic visuals’ of Covid-19 in the news: Invoking banal belonging through symbolic reiteration
Authors: Aiello Giorgia , Kennedy Helen , Anderson C.W. , Mørk Røstvik Camilla
Published: February 2022

In the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, images of the virus molecule and ‘flatten-the-curve’ line charts were inescapable. There is now a vast visual repertoire of vaccines, people wearing face masks in everyday settings, choropleth maps and both bar and line charts. These ‘generic visuals’ circulate widely in the news media and, however unremarkable, play an important role in representing the crisis in particular ways. We argue that these generic visuals promote banal nationalism, localism and cosmopolitanism in the face of the crisis, and that they do so through the symbolic reiteration of a range of visual resources across news stories. Through an analysis of three major news outlets in the UK, we examine how generic visuals of Covid-19 contribute to these banal visions and versions of belonging and, in doing so, also to foregrounding the role of the state in responding to the crisis.
Crisis-ready responsible selves: National productions of the pandemic
Authors: Orgad Shani , Hegde Radha Sarma
Published: February 2022

National governments have played a key role in constructing the Covid-19 pandemic through their communications. Drawing on thematic, discursive and visual analyses of Covid-19 campaigns from 12 national contexts, we show how the pandemic has presented governments with unique conditions for articulating and reinforcing nationalism and neoliberalism. The campaigns frame the pandemic as a force that brings the nation together and conjure up notions of national ‘solidarity lite’ while relentlessly authorizing the crisis-ready responsible citizen. In so doing, they reproduce neoliberal rationality by shifting the locus of responsibility from the state and social structures to the individual and re-inscribing gendered and classed notions of responsibility, care and citizenship. Mobilizing national neoliberal narratives enables governments to render the pandemic legible as a crisis while obscuring both the structural injustices that exacerbate the crisis and the structural changes required to address it.
Humanizing the posthuman: Digital labour, food delivery, and openings for the new human during the pandemic
Authors: Qiu Jack Linchuan
Published: February 2022

Posthuman is a social condition of humans losing control, especially to technological forces, and a cultural framing beyond Enlightenment modernity. Building on the posthuman critique, this article examines digital labour and food delivery platforms during Covid-19 in Asian contexts. The main argument is that, while reinforcing inequalities through algorithm-based discrimination and control, the pandemic also creates openings for progressive change towards the humanizing of the posthuman, through human–non-human assemblage as well as ‘sticky labour’. As such, Covid-19 is more than a crisis that signifies the end of the ‘old normal’. It is, more importantly, another moment when existential crisis triggers innovation in working-class network society, leading to novel discourses, practices, and networks. How and why did this happen? What are the implications for pandemic-era cultural shaping of the digital? These questions will be discussed.
The imaginative dimension of digital disinformation: Fake news, political trolling, and the entwined crises of Covid-19 and inter-Asian racism in a postcolonial city
Authors: Cabañes Jason Vincent A
Published: February 2022

This article uses the concept of the ‘imaginative dimension of digital disinformation’ to explore how inter-Asian racism in a postcolonial city matters to the way people engage with racially tinged Covid-19 digital disinformation. It pays attention to two key socialities that fake news and political trolling online seek to weaponise: people's existing social narratives as well as their relationally embedded practices of media consumption. Drawing on 15 life story interviews with locals from the Philippines capital of Manila, this article characterises their interpretations of online disinformation campaigns that aim to amplify their shared social narrative of resentment towards China and bank on their communicative practices surrounding this. It also aims to show the value of empirical research that possesses a transnational sensibility in assessing the interpretive and social dynamics surrounding such racist Covid-19 digital disinformation.
Application and implementation of telehealth services designed for the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Haimi Motti , Gesser-Edelsburg Anat
Published: February 2022

Background

Telehealth has many benefits, in routine care and especially during times of epidemics in which restrictions to direct patient/healthcare-provider interaction exist.

Objective

To explore the availability, application, and implementation of telehealth services during the Covid-19 era, designed for the aged population (age 65 and more).

Methods

This systematic review/analysis was conducted by searching the most popular databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We included studies that clearly defined any use of telemedicine services in any aspect of healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic, aimed at the elderly population, published in peer-reviewed journals. We independently assessed search results, extracted the relevant studies, and assessed their quality.

Results

3225 articles were identified after removing duplicates. After reading the full texts of 40 articles, 11 articles were finally included. Among the telehealth services, there were services aimed for triage and control during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote monitoring and treatment, follow-ups online meetings for patients residing in health centers, and application of online services.

Conclusions

Although the elderly population may benefit the most from telehealth services, especially during pandemics and social distancing restrictions, not enough services were developed and implemented to satisfy the needs of this population.
Introduction―Space-and time-making in education: Towards a topological lens
Authors: Decuypere Mathias , Hartong Sigrid , van de Oudeweetering Karmijn
Published: February 2022

Over the last decades, the way we think about space and time in relation to the field of education has changed substantially. New societal evolutions have urged scholars to come to grips with the increasing difficulty of approaching educational practices in terms of existing “static” (e.g. topographical) representations of space and “linear” (e.g. chronological) models of time. As a result, different lines of research have been developed that seek to extend our spatiotemporal understanding not only conceptually and theoretically, but also through novel methodologies and new kinds of empirical analyses. This Special Issue extensively discusses and further elaborates on one approach informing these lines of research: (social) topology. In this editorial, we outline the topological lens and discuss its origins in the field of mathematics. After discussing how topology was adopted in the broad field of the social sciences, we show how it has gradually come to inform educational research as well. We argue that the topological lens is particularly fruitful to investigate the (mutual) construction of space and time. Briefly discussing each contribution in the Special Issue, we show how the Special Issue contributes to the further development, and making accessible, of topology as an educational research approach.
Combine Statistical Thinking With Open Scientific Practice: A Protocol of a Bayesian Research Project
Authors: Sarafoglou Alexandra , van der Heijden Anna , Draws Tim , Cornelisse Joran , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , Marsman Maarten
Published: February 2022

Current developments in the statistics community suggest that modern statistics education should be structured holistically, that is, by allowing students to work with real data and to answer concrete statistical questions, but also by educating them about alternative frameworks, such as Bayesian inference. In this article, we describe how we incorporated such a holistic structure in a Bayesian research project on ordered binomial probabilities. The project was conducted with a group of three undergraduate psychology students who had basic knowledge of Bayesian statistics and programming, but lacked formal mathematical training. The research project aimed to (1) convey the basic mathematical concepts of Bayesian inference; (2) have students experience the entire empirical cycle including collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and (3) teach students open science practices.
Cholinergic modulation is independent of T lymphocytes in a mouse model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Halievski Katherine , Sengar Ameet S , Hicks Janice , Haight Jillian , Salter Michael W , Steinberg Benjamin E
Published: February 2022

T lymphocytes are increasingly implicated in pain signaling. A subset of T lymphocytes, termed TChAT, express the rate-limiting enzyme for acetylcholine (ACh) production, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and mediate numerous physiological functions. Given that cholinergic signaling has long been known to modulate pain processing and is the basis for several analgesics used clinically, we asked whether TChAT could be the intersection between T lymphocyte and cholinergic mediation of pain signaling. In this study, we used a mouse gene knockout strategy to ablate ChAT specifically from T lymphocytes and examined the development and expression of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in a spared nerve injury (SNI) mouse model of neuropathic pain. We found that mice with ChAT knockout in T cells (floxed Chat plus CD4-Cre recombinase) did not differ from control mice with intact ChAT (floxed Chat, but no Cre recombinase) in their expression of mechanical sensitivity before or after injury. Similarly, thermal sensitivity was unaffected after injury, with control mice expressing similar patterns of thermal preference to mice whose T cells do not express ChAT. Our experiments demonstrate that cholinergic signaling initiated by T lymphocytes neither dampens nor exacerbates the expression of mechanical or thermal sensitivity in neuropathic mice. Thus, while both cholinergic signaling and T lymphocytes have established roles in modulating pain phenotypes, it is not cholinergic signaling initiated by T lymphocytes that drive this. Our findings will help to narrow in on which aspects of T-cell modulation may prove useful as therapies.
Exploring youth sport coaches’ perceptions of intended outcomes of leadership behaviours
Authors: McGuckin Matthew EC , Turnnidge Jennifer , Bruner Mark W , Lefebvre Jordan S , Côté Jean
Published: February 2022

Youth sport coaches play an important role in shaping the sport experience and positive development of youth athletes. One salient approach to examining how the interpersonal behaviours of coaches influence young athletes has been through the lens of leadership theories. However, there is limited understanding surrounding the underlying processes associated with coach leadership behaviours, such as how and why behaviours are applied. This study sought to examine why do youth sport coaches use specific leadership behaviours and what are their intended outcomes when using these behaviours? Eleven coaches ( Mage = 42.3, SD = 14.5) were recruited from competitive youth soccer and volleyball clubs (athletes’ Mage = 15.8, SD  = 1.9). Coaches participated in a video-stimulated recall interview, during which coaches reflected upon their own coaching behaviours and provided insight into the application of leadership behaviours in youth sport. Findings of the study revealed that contrasting leadership behaviours (e.g. transformational vs. transactional) are associated with distinctive coach objectives (promoting confidence vs. establishing respect). This study can serve to facilitate knowledge mobilization by strengthening our understanding of coaches’ intentions for the implementation of leadership behaviours in a real-world setting.
Optimizing a joint reliability-redundancy allocation problem with common cause multi-state failures using immune algorithm
Authors: Sharifi Mani , Sayyad Ali , Taghipour Sharareh , Abhari Abdolreza
Published: February 2022

Redundancy-reliability allocation problem (RRAP) is a well-known problem in reliability area. In general, this problem aims to maximize a system’s reliability or minimize a system’s costs under some constraints. In this paper, we develop a RRAP for a series-parallel system with multi-state components. Thus, the subsystems’ components, the system’s subsystems, and the system have different working states with corresponding working probabilities. The RAP in the paper is a RAP with mix components (RAPMC). We consider the choice of allocating non-identical components to each sub-system. Moreover, we consider the common cause failure (CCF) for the components, which causes simultaneous failure of all identical components of a subsystem. We assume the component’s failure state probability is reduced by conducting technical activities, and the reduced probability is added to the component’s working states’ probabilities. The model’s objective function is to minimize the system’s costs under a minimum reliability level and other constraints by allocating the optimal set of components to each subsystem and determining each component’s technical activities level. Since the RRAP belongs to the Np-Hard category of problems, an immune algorithm is used to solve the developed problem. The results indicate considering the technical activities decreases the system’s costs.
Palmar approach for fixation of metacarpal fractures
Authors: Nazerani Shahram , Okhovatpour Mohammad Ali , Nazerani Tina , Minator Sajjadi Mohammadreza , Faramarzi Behrooz
Published: February 2022

Between 2018 and 2020, 14 patients with closed metacarpal fractures requiring open reduction were operated on via a palmar approach. Reduction and fixation were done with screws or plates. We assessed range of motion, grip strength, Mayo score, possible nerve damage and cosmesis. The range of motion and grip strength were fully restored by 6 months after operation. Transient paraesthesiae in the digital nerve territory occurred in two patients and had resolved by 3 months. In selected patients the palmar approach for metacarpal shaft fractures can provide satisfactory cosmesis and function of the hand. This method can be useful in patients with history of hypertrophic scarring or in patients who would prefer to avoid a visible scar on the dorsum of the hand.

Level of evidence: IV
A review of the therapeutic management of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Kumar Aditi , Cole Alexander , Segal Jonathan , Smith Philip , Limdi Jimmy K.
Published: February 2022

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory, relapsing-remitting, and progressive gastrointestinal disorder with an often-negative impact on the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Over the past two decades, the medical compendium for the treatment of Crohn’s disease has increased significantly, enabling treatment beyond symptoms. Indeed, early and timely use of effective medical therapy has been reflected by improved outcomes with reduction in surgery and ability to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission, reduce corticosteroid dependance, and prevent long-term complications in more patients. In this review, we discuss the key milestones in the medical management of Crohn’s disease.