bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Hair Restoration Surgery in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia
Authors: Dahdah Maurice J. , Iorizzo Matilde
Published: July 2016

Primary scarring alopecias are a group of inflammatory conditions in which the main target of the inflammation is the hair follicle. They represent up to 7.3% of the hair loss cases presenting to specialty hair clinics. They are poorly understood, their pathogeneses are mostly unknown and their management is guided at best by the results of small case series and expert opinions. These alopecias are frequently referred to as a trichologic emergency as their progression can be rapid and the hair loss they induce is permanent. In view of the suboptimal solutions offered by the pharmacological treatments available and the significant emotional distress caused by these conditions, it is only normal for patients with scarring alopecias and their treating physicians alike to explore the prospects of surgical correction. This review attempts to summarize what is known about hair restoration surgery in scarring alopecia.
Association between CT-Diagnosed Pneumonia and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: Fujita Isao , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Matsueda Katsunori , Omote Shizuma , Fujita Akiko , Ueda Yuya , Endo Shinya , Omote Rika , Watanabe Kazuo , Horii Joichiro , Murakami Takako , Tomoda Jun
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: This prospective cohort study aimed to elucidate the incidence and characteristics of pneumonia associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric neoplasms using CT. Methods: We included consecutive 188 patients with gastric neoplasms treated with ESD. All patients underwent CT before ESD and the day after ESD. Pneumonia associated with ESD was defined as lung ground glass opacity or consolidation by CT the day after ESD. Results: In 188 patients, 28 patients had diabetes mellitus. Pneumonia was observed by CT in 21 patients (11.2%) after ESD. Of those, 7 patients had diabetes mellitus. By univariate analysis, compared with patients with non-pneumonia complications, risk factors for pneumonia were significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01) and in those who underwent a long procedure time (p = 0.02). By multivariate analysis, pneumonia was significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.35-12.19) and in those who underwent a long procedure time (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02). Conclusions: The incidence of CT-diagnosed pneumonia associated with ESD was relatively high. Furthermore, it was revealed that diabetes mellitus and a long procedure time were risk factors of CT-diagnosed pneumonia.
O sociodrama, dispositivo de jogo cênico grupal e de acompanhamento com visada pré-terapêutica
Authors: Balzani Bernard , Veras Viviane
Published: July 2016

Este artigo discorre sobre uma experiência conduzida com adolescentes psicopatas confiados a uma instituição encarregada de reeducá-los e de reinseri-los. Para resolver as tensões que enfrentam, esses adolescentes recorrem necessariamente a um agir que, se nada esclarece sobre o caráter dos problemas, tem por mérito diminuir temporariamente as tensões que encontram. A verbalização e a simbolização não são, portanto, os modelos preferidos em seus modos de troca e de relação que degeneram freqüentemente em comportamentos violentos. Visto de certa maneira, o sociodrama constitui uma etapa primeira no contínuo dessa assistência ao mal-estar importante de que sofrem esses adolescentes psicopatas.
Decision-Making Meets Negotiation: The Palestinian Bid for un Recognition
Authors: Hallward Maia Carter , Guidero Amanda
Published: July 2016

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict attracts much scholarly and diplomatic attention. However, despite Secretary of State John Kerry’s determination during the 2014 round of negotiations, the parties are no closer to reaching a negotiated agreement over twenty years after the signing of the Oslo Accords. This article explores an under-examined aspect of negotiation, the decision to enter into talks, using poliheuristic theory. We examine the decision-making calculus of Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas in his bid for Palestinian statehood at the United Nations, a decision to not negotiate. We ask not only why did Abbas choose to bypassus-mediated negotiations, but why he chose to pursue Palestinian statehood at theun. In our analysis and discussion, we identify gaps in the existing decision-making and negotiation literatures and ways to better incorporate questions of power asymmetry and the complexity of context into poliheuristic theory.
Correction to Phytotaxa 266: Replacement names for botanical taxa involving algal genera
Authors: BLANCO SAÚL
Published: July 2016

Recently Blanco & Wetzel (2016) proposed Williamriedelia Blanco & Wetzel (2016: 202) as a replacement name for Riedelia Jousé & Sheshukova-Poretzkaya (1971: 19). Hovever, Williamriedelia had been already used by Prema & Desikachary (2012) to solve the same homonymy, therefore the correct use of this name is hereby addressed.
Lidar-Based Height Correction for the Assimilation of Atmospheric Motion Vectors
Authors: Folger Kathrin , Weissmann Martin
Published: July 2016

This study uses lidar observations from the polar-orbiting Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite to correct operational atmospheric motion vector (AMV) pressure heights. This intends to reduce the height assignment error of AMVs for their use in data assimilation. Additionally, AMVs are treated as winds in a vertical layer as proposed by several recent studies. Corrected and uncorrected AMV winds are evaluated using short-term forecasts of the global forecasting system of the German Weather Service. First, a direct lidar-based height reassignment of AMVs with collocated CALIPSO observations is evaluated. Assigning AMV winds from Meteosat-10 to ~120-hPa-deep layers below the lidar cloud top reduces the vector root-mean-square (VRMS) differences of AMVs from Meteosat-10 by 8%–15%. However, such a direct reassignment can only be applied to collocated AMV–CALIPSO observations that compose a comparably small subset of all AMVs. Second, CALIPSO observations are used to derive statistical height bias correction functions for a general height correction of all operational AMVs from Meteosat-10. Such a height bias correction achieves on average about 50% of the reduction of VRMS differences of the direct height reassignment. Results for other satellites are more ambiguous but still encouraging. Given that such a height bias correction can be applied to all AMVs from a geostationary satellite, the method exhibits a promising approach for the assimilation of AMVs in numerical weather prediction models in the future.
Evolution of the Circulation Anomalies and the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillations Associated with Extreme Heat Events in Southern China
Authors: Chen Ruidan , Wen Zhiping , Lu Riyu
Published: July 2016

Southern China, located in the tropical–subtropical East Asian monsoonal region, presents a unique anticyclonic–cyclonic circulation pattern during extreme heat (EH), obviously different from the typical anticyclone responsible for EH in many other regions. Associated with the evolution of EH in southern China, the anticyclonic–cyclonic anomalies propagate northwestward over the Philippines and southern China. Before the EH onsets, the anticyclonic anomaly dominates southern China, resulting in stronger subsidence over southern China and stronger southerly (southwesterly) flow over the western (northern) margins of southern China. The southerly (southwesterly) flow transports more water vapor to the north of southern China, thus, together with the local stronger subsidence, resulting in drier air condition and accordingly favoring the occurrence of EH. Conversely, after the EH onsets, the cyclonic component approaches southern China and offsets the high temperature.

The oscillations of temperature and circulation anomalies over southern China exhibit a periodicity of about 10 days and indicate the influence of a quasi-biweekly oscillation, which originates from the tropical western Pacific and propagates northwestward. Therefore, the 5–25-day-filtered data are extracted to further analyze the quasi-biweekly oscillation. It turns out that the evolution of the filtered circulation remarkably resembles the original anomalies with comparable amplitudes, indicating that the quasi-biweekly oscillation is critical for the occurrence of EH in southern China. The quasi-biweekly oscillation could explain more than 50% of the intraseasonal variance of daily maximum temperature Tmax and vorticity over southern China and 80% of the warming amplitude of EH onsets. The close relationship between the circulation of the quasi-biweekly oscillation and the EH occurrence indicates the possibility of medium-range forecasting for high temperature in southern China.
Time-Dependent Eddy-Mean Energy Diagrams and Their Application to the Ocean
Authors: Chen Ru , Thompson Andrew F. , Flierl Glenn R.
Published: July 2016

Insight into the global ocean energy cycle and its relationship to climate variability can be gained by examining the temporal variability of eddy–mean flow interactions. A time-dependent version of the Lorenz energy diagram is formulated and applied to energetic ocean regions from a global, eddying state estimate. The total energy in each snapshot is partitioned into three components: energy in the mean flow, energy in eddies, and energy temporal anomaly residual, whose time mean is zero. These three terms represent, respectively, correlations between mean quantities, correlations between eddy quantities, and eddy-mean correlations. Eddy–mean flow interactions involve energy exchange among these three components. The temporal coherence about energy exchange during eddy–mean flow interactions is assessed. In the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream Extension regions, a suppression relation is manifested by a reduction in the baroclinic energy pathway to the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) reservoir following a strengthening of the barotropic energy pathway to EKE; the baroclinic pathway strengthens when the barotropic pathway weakens. In the subtropical gyre and Southern Ocean, a delay in energy transfer between different reservoirs occurs during baroclinic instability. The delay mechanism is identified using a quasigeostrophic, two-layer model; part of the potential energy in large-scale eddies, gained from the mean flow, cascades to smaller scales through eddy stirring before converting to EKE. The delay time is related to this forward cascade and scales linearly with the eddy turnover time. The relation between temporal variations in wind power input and eddy–mean flow interactions is also assessed.
Influence of Eddy Momentum Fluxes on the Mean Flow of the Kuroshio Extension in a 1/10° Ocean General Circulation Model
Authors: Aoki Kunihiro , Kubokawa Atsushi , Furue Ryo , Sasaki Hideharu
Published: July 2016

This study explores the role of the momentum flux divergence due to mesoscale eddies for the maintenance of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) jet. For that purpose, the zonal momentum budget in a high-resolution ocean general circulation model is examined on the basis of the temporal residual mean framework. The momentum budget analysis is performed for two control volumes: the upstream region of the KE jet flanked by the robust recirculations (33°–38°N and 142.2°–149.4°E) and the downstream region to the east (33°–38°N and 149.4°–160.0°E), both fully covering the meridional width of the KE jet. In both regions the KE jet decelerates to the east, which can be well accounted for by sum of zonal Reynolds stress and Coriolis force on mean ageostrophic flow; the former tends to decelerate the KE jet and the latter to accelerate it in the upstream region, respectively, but these effects are switched in the downstream region. The mean ageostrophic Coriolis force is partially balanced by the horizontal gradient of the eddy kinetic energy, which is the isotropic component of the Reynolds stress. The difference between these terms, that is, net ageostrophic Coriolis force, leads to the final deceleration of the KE jet in the downstream region, overwhelming the acceleration tendency of the anisotropic Reynolds stress. The authors also reinterpret the downstream decay process of an eastward jet in a previous quasigeostrophic experiment in terms of momentum and show that the same features as described above are also likely to be included in that experiment.
A Quality Control Procedure for Climatological Studies Using Argo Data in the North Pacific Western Boundary Current Region
Authors: Jia Wenjing , Wang Dong , Pinardi Nadia , Simoncelli Simona , Storto Andrea , Masina Simona
Published: July 2016

A quality control (QC) procedure is developed to estimate monthly mean climatologies from the large Argo dataset (2005–12) over the North Pacific western boundary current region. In addition to the individual QC procedure, which checks for instrumental, transmission, and gross errors, the paper describes and shows the impact of climatological checks (collective QC) on the quality of both processed profiles and resultant climatological distributions. Objective analysis (OA) is applied progressively to produce the gridded climatological fields. The method uses horizontal regional climatological averages defined in five regime-oriented subregions in the Kuroshio area and the Japan Sea. Performing the QC procedure on specific coherent subregions produces improved profiling data and climatological fields because more details about the local hydrodynamics are taken into consideration. Nonrepresentative data and random noises are more effectively rejected by this method, which has value both in defining a climatological mean and identifying outlier data. Assessing with both profiling and coordinated datasets, the agreement is reasonably good (particularly for those areas with abundant observations), but the results (although already smoothed) can capture more detailed or mesoscale features for further regional studies. The method described has the potential to meet future challenges in processing accumulating Argo observations in the coming decades.
Testing the Difference Between Reliability Coefficients Alpha and Omega
Authors: Deng Lifang , Chan Wai
Published: July 2016

Reliable measurements are key to social science research. Multiple measures of reliability of the total score have been developed, including coefficient alpha, coefficient omega, the greatest lower bound reliability, and others. Among these, the coefficient alpha has been most widely used, and it is reported in nearly every study involving the measure of a construct through multiple items in social and behavioral research. However, it is known that coefficient alpha underestimates the true reliability unless the items are tau-equivalent, and coefficient omega is deemed as a practical alternative to coefficient alpha in estimating measurement reliability of the total score. However, many researchers noticed that the difference between alpha and omega is minor in applications. Since the observed differences in alpha and omega can be due to sampling errors, the purpose of the present study, therefore, is to propose a method to evaluate the difference of coefficient alpha ([Formula: see text]) and omega ([Formula: see text]) statistically. In particular, the current article develops a procedure to estimate the SE of ([Formula: see text]) and consequently the confidence interval (CI) for ([Formula: see text]). This procedure allows us to test whether the observed difference ([Formula: see text]) is due to sample error or [Formula: see text] is significantly greater than [Formula: see text]. The developed procedure is then applied to multiple real data sets from well-known scales to empirically verify the values of ([Formula: see text]) in practice. Results showed that in most of the comparisons the differences are significantly above zero but cases also exist where the CIs contain zero. An R program for calculating [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the SE of ([Formula: see text]) is also included in the present study so that the developed procedure is easily accessible to applied researchers.
Skill Demands and Mismatch in U.S. Manufacturing
Authors: Weaver Andrew , Osterman Paul
Published: July 2016

Recent economic events have sparked debates over the degree of structural mismatch in the U.S. economy. One of the most frequent claims is that workers lack the skills that employers demand. The existing literature, however, analyzes this potential mismatch at a high level of aggregation with abstract indices and noisy proxies that obscure the underlying mechanisms. The authors address these issues by presenting and analyzing results from a survey of U.S. manufacturing establishments. The survey is the first, to their knowledge, to directly measure concrete employer skill demands and hiring experiences in a nationally representative survey at the industry level. The findings indicate that demand for higher-level skills is generally modest, and that three-quarters of manufacturing establishments do not show signs of hiring difficulties. Among the remainder, demands for higher-level math and reading skills are significant predictors of long-term vacancies, but demands for computer skills and other critical-thinking/problem-solving skills are not. Of particular interest, high-tech plants do not experience greater levels of hiring challenges. When the authors examine the potential mechanisms that could contribute to hiring difficulties, they find that neither external regional supply conditions nor internal firm practices are predictive of hiring problems. Rather, the data show that establishments that are members of clusters or that demand highly specialized skills have the greatest probability of incurring long-term vacancies. The authors interpret these results as a sign that it is important to think about factors that complicate the interaction of supply and demand—such as disaggregation and communication/coordination failures—rather than simply focusing on inadequate labor supply.
The Fully Functioning Society
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: July 2016

The aim of this article is to address the question, “What kind of future society would we, in the humanistic psychology movement, want to see?” The article argues that a “good” society is one in which people can actualize their wants to a maximum extent, and where each person has an equal opportunity to do so. The article suggests that this maximization of wants can be achieved through the development of synergies: means of actualizing wants that help, rather than hinder, others from actualizing their own wants. On this basis, it is argued that a future society should encourage the actualization of wants that are inherently synergetic—such as the desire for relatedness and compassion for others—while also helping people find non-dysergetic ways of actualizing more individualistic wants. In particular, it is argued that a society that values creativity and diversity can help people actualize their desires for competence and significance without undermining this in others. Finally, the article considers strategies for ensuring equality of opportunity to actualize wants, before discussing the role that humanistic psychology can play in this process.
Me, Myself, and IRB
Authors: Blinne Kristen C.
Published: July 2016

This story discusses how my fieldwork with the Rainbow Family of Living Light shaped my understanding and definition of ethnographic “research” and how, if at all, my work has “fit” (or has not fit) within the institutional review board’s (IRB) definition of this concept. To explore this more fully, I situate this story within current debates surrounding ethnography and IRB oversight. By doing so, my goal is to propose a redefinition of IRB terms, offering an alternative ethical framework based on Rainbow philosophy, which positions ethnography as a type of “ethical spectacle.”
Pretreatment Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio in Salivary Gland Tumors Is Associated with Malignancy
Authors: Damar Murat , Dinç Aykut Erdem , Erdem Duygu , Aydil Utku , Kizil Yusuf , Eravcı Fakih Cihat , Bişkin Sultan , Şevik Eliçora Sultan , Işik Hüseyin
Published: July 2016

Objective

To assess pretreatment levels in the counts and percentages of leukocytes and the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs) while investigating whether NLR is an inflammatory marker for distinguishing low‐ from high‐grade parotid gland tumors.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

This study was performed on 182 patients with SGTs (age range: 16‐87 years; 93 male and 89 female) who were treated between January 2010 and May 2015. Pretreatment counts and percentages of leukocytes and NLR were measured preoperatively in benign and malignant tumors.

Results

Mean neutrophil percentage (63.50% ± 12.11% vs 58.76% ± 8.20%, P =. 008) and NLR (3.29 ± 3.13 vs 2.13 ± 1.26, P =. 008) were significantly higher in patients with malignant SGTs than in patients with benign SGTs. Mean lymphocyte count (2.42 ± 0.72 103/mm3 vs 1.97 ± 0.87 103/mm3, P <. 001) and percentage (30.67% ± 7.68% vs 26.86% ± 10.15%, P =. 011) were lower in patients with malignant SGTs than in patients with benign SGTs. Mean lymphocyte percentage and NLR were significantly different between low‐ and high‐grade malignant parotid gland tumors (P =. 026 and P =. 030, respectively).

Conclusion

Elevated NLR could be an inflammatory marker to distinguish low‐ from high‐grade malignant parotid gland tumors.
Trochleoplasty as a Solitary Treatment for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation Results in Good Clinical Outcome in Adolescents
Authors: Camathias Carlo , Studer Katrin , Kiapour Ata , Rutz Erich , Vavken Patrick
Published: July 2016

Background:

The essential static patellar stabilizer is a normal-shaped trochlear groove. A dysplastic groove destabilizes the patella. Trochleoplasty approaches this underlying condition and reshapes the trochlea. However, studies have reported on trochleoplasty for revision cases or as accompanied by other interventions. The effect of trochleoplasty alone remains unexplained.

Purpose:

To introduce trochleoplasty as a stand-alone treatment for recurrent patellar dislocation and to compare its pre- to postoperative functional and clinical variables.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A trochleoplasty was performed in 50 knees (27 right) in 44 patients (30 females; mean ± SD age, 15.6 ± 2.0 years). The indication for surgery was recurrent patellar dislocation not responding to nonoperative treatment (>6 months), with types B through D dysplasia and closed or closing physes in adolescents aged 10 to 20 years. Assessment included J-sign and apprehension test, Kujala and Lysholm scores, patients’ subjective assessment and activity level according to the International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire, and patients’ overall satisfaction. The Caton-Deschamps ratio and the lateral condyle index were measured. Pre- versus postoperative values were compared with a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The minimum follow-up was 24 months (33 ± 10.6 months).

Results:

The Kujala score improved from 71 preoperatively to 92 postoperatively ( P < .001) and the Lysholm score from 71 to 95 ( P < .001). Patients’ subjective assessment improved at the final follow-up as compared with that preoperatively ( P < .001). Most patients enhanced their activity ( P < .001), and their overall satisfaction increased postoperatively ( P < .001). Preoperatively, there was a positive J-sign in 45 knees and a positive apprehension test in 41 knees. Both markers disappeared postoperatively in 39 and 33 knees, respectively, leaving 6 knees with a positive J-sign and 8 knees with a positive apprehension test ( P < .001). One patella redislocated postoperatively after 38 months. Four patients required a single arthroscopic debridement.

Conclusion:

In this study, trochleoplasty as a solitary treatment for recurrent patellofemoral dislocations in patients with trochlear dysplasia resulted in good clinical outcomes if severe torsional and axial malalignment was excluded. Kujala and Lysholm scores increased postoperatively, as well as subjective International Knee Documentation Committee assessment of outcomes, activity level, and overall satisfaction.
Excise Tax Setting in a Dynamic Space-time Framework
Authors: Hoffer Adam J. , Lacombe Donald J.
Published: July 2016

This study develops a simple model for analyzing excise tax setting in a competitive framework. Specifically, the model predicts that tax rate competition will vary for different goods based on the relative ease of cross-border shopping. To test the model, this study utilizes a dynamic space-time panel econometric model to quantify the horizontal response function for cigarette, beer, and gasoline tax rates for US states from 1960 to 2007. The empirical findings support the model predictions. Only cigarette tax rates have a horizontal response function statistically different from zero.
Impact of solid self-lubricant and hard ceramic reinforcements on tribological characteristics of microwave-sintered Cu hybrid composites processed by solid-state mixing technique
Authors: Sundararajan S , Rajadurai J Selwin , Antony VasanthaKumar C
Published: July 2016

In this experimental investigation, new sequence of Cu-X wt% SiC (X = 0, 5, 10, and 15) -Y wt% Gr (Y = 5 and 10) metal matrix hybrid composites was effectively manufactured by solid-state mixing (powder metallurgy) technique through a novel microwave sintering process. The influence of hard ceramic reinforcement SiC content and soft self-lubricating reinforcement Gr content on the mechanical and tribological properties of copper hybrid composites was analysed. Using the pin-on-disc tribometer the results of the wear resistance and sliding friction properties of all produced microwave-sintered composites were assessed. Weight percentages of SiC, applied load, sliding distance, and sliding speed are the testing parameters considered for tribological characterization. During dry sliding, the loss in mass was recorded as wear loss. It was observed that with an increase in the SiC weight percentage, the wear resistance enhanced monotonically with hardness. The microwave-sintered cylindrical composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. Optical microstructural studies confirmed the distribution of both the reinforcements was homogeneous on the base matrix copper. The tribological performance of the hybrid composite containing 10 wt% graphite and 15 wt% SiC showed better to that of the other manufactured composites. The kind of wear mechanisms was recognized through morphology of the worn-out surfaces and the wear debris by scanning electron microscope. This experimental analysis revealed that the hybridization of both hard reinforcement like SiC and soft reinforcement like Gr get better wear resistance of copper composites considerably through microwave sintering processes.
Nerve damage due to positioning during surgery
Authors: Balen Paul
Published: July 2016

Compartment syndrome after complex bowel surgery. Claim against leading expert and centre of excellence. Adoption of unique operating position without risk analysis or peer review. New defence argument only surfacing at trial dismissed. Judge criticises defence experts. Usually, a compartment syndrome case involves an allegation of delay in diagnosis and treatment. In this case, there was prompt diagnosis aided by the immediacy and magnitude of the compartment syndrome which was described as being equivalent to a crush injury. It is probable that the increased weight on the calves while the patient was in the low Lloyd Davies position combined with a lack of perfusion and acidosis in the first part of the operation caused an ischaemic injury in a patient who was at risk due to his size and muscle structure; the Trendelenburg position adopted in the second part of the operation is known to cause compartment syndrome but this patient already had ischaemia before the operation reached that stage. Reperfusion at the end of the operation caused the immediate damage and in spite of prompt reoperation the patient suffered a desperately severe illness and subsequent permanent disability.

This case illustrates how a Claimant can succeed even against a renowned international surgeon and a centre of excellence if in spite of his outstanding reputation the surgeon fails to keep abreast of medical developments or consider the impact of his ‘invention’ on a particular patient. A position of high repute within a profession, whether institutional or personal does not provide protection from the legal tests for breach of duty.
Responding to Delayed Disclosure of Sexual Assault in Health Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lanthier Stephanie , Du Mont Janice , Mason Robin
Published: July 2016

Few adolescent and adult women seek out formal support services in the acute period (7 days or less) following a sexual assault. Instead, many women choose to disclose weeks, months, or even years later. This delayed disclosure may be challenging to support workers, including those in health-care settings, who lack the knowledge and skills to respond effectively. We conducted a systematic literature review of health-care providers’ responses to delayed disclosure by adolescent and adult female sexual assault survivors. Our primary objective was to determine how health-care providers can respond appropriately when presented with a delayed sexual assault disclosure in their practice. Arising out of this analysis, a secondary objective was to document recommendations from the articles for health-care providers on how to create an environment conducive to disclosing and support disclosure in their practice. These recommendations for providing an appropriate response and supporting disclosure are summarized.
Medicare claims indicators of healthcare utilization differences after hospitalization for ischemic stroke: Race, gender, and caregiving effects
Authors: Roth David L , Sheehan Orla C , Huang Jin , Rhodes James D , Judd Suzanne E , Kilgore Meredith , Kissela Brett , Bettger Janet Prvu , Haley William E
Published: July 2016

Background

Differences in healthcare utilization after stroke may partly explain race or gender differences in stroke outcomes and identify factors that might reduce post-acute stroke care costs.

Aim

To examine systematic differences in Medicare claims for healthcare utilization after hospitalization for ischemic stroke in a US population-based sample.

Methods

Claims were examined over a six-month period after hospitalization for 279 ischemic stroke survivors 65 years or older from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Statistical analyses examined differences in post-acute healthcare utilization, adjusted for pre-stroke utilization, as a function of race (African-American vs. White), gender, age, stroke belt residence, income, Medicaid dual-eligibility, Charlson comorbidity index, and whether the person lived with an available caregiver.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, women were more likely than men to receive home health care and to use emergency department services during the post-acute care period. These effects were maintained even after further adjustment for acute stroke severity. African-Americans had more home health care visits than Whites among patients who received some home health care. Having a co-residing caregiver was associated with reduced acute hospitalization length of stay and fewer post-acute emergency department and primary care physician visits.

Conclusions

Underutilization of healthcare after stroke does not appear to explain poorer long-term stroke outcomes for women and African-Americans in this epidemiologically-derived sample. Caregiver availability may contribute to reduced formal care and cost during the post-acute period.
Measurement properties of the EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L to assess quality of life in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release
Authors: Marti C. , Hensler S. , Herren D. B. , Niedermann K. , Marks M.
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the measurement properties of the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). A total of 60 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome completed the EQ-5D-5L twice before surgical decompression and once more 6 weeks after surgery. In addition, they filled out the Short Form 12 and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire at the baseline and postoperative follow-up examinations. Test–retest reliability was excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.81. Internal consistency was high with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83. Good validity of the EQ-5D-5L was indicated by correlations of r = 0.7 and r = 0.5 with the Short Form 12 and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, respectively. Moderate responsiveness was shown by an effect size of 0.5. The minimal important change was 0.09 points. Overall, the EQ-5D-5L demonstrates sound measurement properties and can be recommended as a suitable tool to assess quality of life in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Level of evidence: I
Anticholinergic medication use and dementia: latest evidence and clinical implications
Authors: Gray Shelly L. , Hanlon Joseph T.
Published: July 2016

Use of medications with anticholinergic activity is widespread in older adults. Several studies have highlighted that anticholinergic use may be associated with an increased risk of dementia. The objective of this narrative review is to describe and evaluate studies of anticholinergic medication use and dementia and provide practical suggestions for avoiding use of these medications in older adults. A comprehensive review of the literature, citations from recent reviews and the author’s personal files was conducted. Four studies were found that evaluated anticholinergic use and dementia as the primary outcome. Three studies focused on overall anticholinergic medication use and reported a statistically significantly increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. In one study, dementia risk was primarily found with higher cumulative doses; people using anticholinergic medications at the minimum effective dose recommended for older adults for at least 3 years were at highest risk. In contrast, a study conducted in nursing-home residents with depression did not find that paroxetine [a highly anticholinergic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, (SSRI)] increased risk for dementia compared with other SSRIs (without anticholinergic activity). Further study is needed to understand the mechanism by which anticholinergic medications may increase risk. In conclusion, there is evidence from three observational studies suggesting that anticholinergic medications may increase dementia risk. Given this potential risk and the myriad of other well-known adverse effects (i.e. constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and delirium) associated with anticholinergic medications, it is prudent for prescribers and older adults to minimize use of these medications and consider alternatives when possible.
Breaking Up in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Norona Jerika C. , Olmstead Spencer B. , Welsh Deborah P.
Published: July 2016

Using a unique sample of individuals who have and have not attended college, the present mixed-methods study examined narratives of 113 (47% women) emerging adults’ motivations for initiating breakups with romantic partners. Findings indicated that emerging adults’ motivations for ending their romantic relationships were largely due to their relationships and/or their romantic partners not fulfilling their needs for interdependence. Additionally, unmet intimacy, identity, and autonomy needs were the most frequently reported reasons for relationship termination, indicating that emerging adults consider both their need to be close with others and their need to follow their own paths for their careers and desires for family formation. This study also demonstrated links between perceptions of developmental tasks in emerging adulthood and motivations for ending romantic relationships. Those who end romantic relationships due to unfulfilled intimacy needs tend to be more relationally focused, and those who end romantic relationships due to unfulfilled autonomy or identity needs tend to view emerging adulthood as a time of experimentation/possibilities, feeling “in between,” and negativity/instability. Implications for the role of relationship dissolution in emerging adult development are discussed.
Archerfish fast-start decisions can take an additional variable into account
Authors: Reinel Caroline P. , Schuster Stefan
Published: July 2016

The analysis of saccadic decision-making tasks with two or four alternatives has shown what appears to be a general hallmark of decision-making: adding more alternatives decreases speed and accuracy. In their everyday lives, however, animals often select among many more than two options and under heavy constraints on speed and accuracy. Here we analyse a rapid decision made by hunting archerfish. As in the classical saccadic tasks the fish must first estimate sensory information: based on an estimate of horizontal speed, azimuthal direction and initial height of falling prey the fish must quickly select a suitable fast-start to arrive at the right place at the right time. Our results suggest that the fast-start decisions of archerfish are surprisingly robust with respect to adding a further decision-relevant variable. We show that the fish can appropriately account for vertical speed as an independent further variable – but the need to do so does not affect speed or accuracy of the decisions. Our findings suggest novel ways by which rapid and yet complex decisions could be balanced against increasing complexity.
search.bioPreprint: a discovery tool for cutting edge, preprint biomedical research articles
Authors: Iwema Carrie L. , LaDue John , Zack Angela , Chattopadhyay Ansuman
Published: July 2016

The time it takes for a completed manuscript to be published traditionally can be extremely lengthy. Article publication delay, which occurs in part due to constraints associated with peer review, can prevent the timely dissemination of critical and actionable data associated with new information on rare diseases or developing health concerns such as Zika virus. Preprint servers are open access online repositories housing preprint research articles that enable authors (1) to make their research immediately and freely available and (2) to receive commentary and peer review prior to journal submission. There is a growing movement of preprint advocates aiming to change the current journal publication and peer review system, proposing that preprints catalyze biomedical discovery, support career advancement, and improve scientific communication. While the number of articles submitted to and hosted by preprint servers are gradually increasing, there has been no simple way to identify biomedical research published in a preprint format, as they are not typically indexed and are only discoverable by directly searching the specific preprint server websites. To address this issue, we created a search engine that quickly compiles preprints from disparate host repositories and provides a one-stop search solution. Additionally, we developed a web application that bolsters the discovery of preprints by enabling each and every word or phrase appearing on any web site to be integrated with articles from preprint servers. This tool, search.bioPreprint, is publicly available at http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/resources/preprint.
How much is a pheromone worth?
Authors: Bento Jose Mauricio S. , Parra Jose Roberto P. , de Miranda Silvia H. G. , Adami Andrea C. O. , Vilela Evaldo F. , Leal Walter S.
Published: July 2016

Pheromone-baited traps have been widely used in integrated pest management programs, but their economic value for growers has never been reported.  We analyzed the economic benefits of long-term use of traps baited with the citrus fruit borer Gymnandrosoma aurantianum sex pheromone in Central-Southern Brazil. Our analysis show that from 2001 to 2013 citrus growers avoided accumulated pest losses of 132.7 million to 1.32 billion USD in gross revenues, considering potential crop losses in the range of 5 to 50%. The area analyzed, 56,600 to 79,100 hectares of citrus (20.4 to 29.4 million trees), corresponds to 9.7 to 13.5% of the total area planted with citrus in the state of São Paulo. The data show a benefit-to-cost ratio of US$ 2,655 to US$ 26,548 per dollar spent on research with estimated yield loss prevented in the range of 5-50%, respectively. This study demonstrates that, in addition to the priceless benefits for the environment, sex pheromones are invaluable tools for growers as their use for monitoring populations allows rational and reduced use of insecticides, a win-win situation.
JHV study day: An update on digestive health
Authors: Moffat polly
Published: July 2016

The JHV study day in Cambridge on 8 June 2016 brought delegates to the south east of England to hear presentations from two expert speakers addressing digestive health in children and the health visitor role.
Follow dinosaur footprints
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: July 2016

Sal McKeown hears how online learning platform Discovery Education Espresso is currently wowing nurseries and pre-schools with its Dinosaur module that features CGI graphics and a wealth of resources.
Suitability and availability analysis of tropical forest wood species for ethanol production: a case study in East Kalimantan
Authors: AMIRTA RUDIANTO , MUKHDLOR AHMAD , MUJIASIH DEWI , SEPTIA ELIS , SUPRIADI SUPRIADI , SUSANTO DWI
Published: July 2016

Amirta R, Mukhdlor A, Mujiasih D, Septia E, Supriadi, Susanto D. 2016. Suitability and availability analysis of tropical forest wood species for ethanol production: a case study in East Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 17: 544-552. Fifteen species of woody biomass from tropical forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia and identified as Acacia mangium, Aleurites moluccana, Alstonia scholaris, Anthocephalus cadamba, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus elasticus, Cananga odorata, Gmelina arborea, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Leucaena leucocephala, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga tanarius, Paraserianthes falcataria, Shorea leprosula and Swietenia macrophylla were characterized and studied to find out and discover their potential utilization as suitable feedstocks for biofuel (ethanol) production. Characterization was done by evaluation of lignin, holocellulose and cellulose contents of woody biomass including the yield of reducing sugar (saccharification) after pretreated with alkaline (NaOH) at moderate temperature. Among 15 species of tropical forest wood biomass evaluated, our findings showed that M. gigantea was gave the highest yield of saccharified sugar (42.22%, weight of original wood dry basis) and also yield of theoretical ethanol (Â± 273 L/ton). We also found growth of M. giganteawas very fast to produce approximately 26,119 kg ha-1 dry biomass within 3 years. In general, the tropical wood biomass such as M. gigantea, A. moluccana, G. arborea, A. cadamba, and P. falcataria are suitable and potentially to be used as feedstocks for ethanol production due to their fast growing ability, availability and attractive chemical composition to produce high saccharified sugar and yield of ethanol.
Multiplex Droplet Digital PCR Quantification of Recurrent Somatic Mutations in Diffuse Large B-Cell and Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Alcaide Miguel , Yu Stephen , Bushell Kevin , Fornika Daniel , Nielsen Julie S , Nelson Brad H , Mann Koren K , Assouline Sarit , Johnson Nathalie A , Morin Ryan D
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

A plethora of options to detect mutations in tumor-derived DNA currently exist but each suffers limitations in analytical sensitivity, cost, or scalability. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is an appealing technology for detecting the presence of specific mutations based on a priori knowledge and can be applied to tumor biopsies, including formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. More recently, ddPCR has gained popularity in its utility in quantifying circulating tumor DNA.

METHODS

We have developed a suite of novel ddPCR assays for detecting recurrent mutations that are prevalent in common B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. These assays allowed the differentiation and counting of mutant and wild-type molecules using one single hydrolysis probe. We also implemented multiplexing that allowed the simultaneous detection of distinct mutations and an “inverted” ddPCR assay design, based on employing probes matching wild-type alleles, capable of detecting the presence of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms.

RESULTS

The assays successfully detected and quantified somatic mutations commonly affecting enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) (Y641) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) (D419) hotspots in fresh tumor, FFPE, and liquid biopsies. The “inverted” ddPCR approach effectively reported any single nucleotide variant affecting either of these 2 hotspots as well. Finally, we could effectively multiplex hydrolysis probes targeting 2 additional lymphoma-related hotspots: myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88; L265P) and cyclin D3 (CCND3; I290R).

CONCLUSIONS

Our suite of ddPCR assays provides sufficient analytical sensitivity and specificity for either the invasive or noninvasive detection of multiple recurrent somatic mutations in B-cell NHLs.
Effect of maternal health education on physical activity and body mass index of overweight children
Authors: Haya Miratul , Mexitalia Maria , Margawati Ani
Published: July 2016

Background The percentage of overweight children in Bengkulu (16.4%) is higher than the national percentage (11.9%). High energy intake and low physical activity are two factors that cause overweight.Objective To assess the impact of maternal health education on changes in maternal behavior, as well as energy intake, physical activity level, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores in overweight children aged 3-6 years.Methods This study was a quasi-experiment with non-randomized, pre-post test control group, conducted in Bengkulu, Indonesia from January to April 2014. Subjects consisted of 48 mothers with overweight children, who were selected purposively and divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). Subjects’ parents kept records of their children’s food intake and daily activity. These records were used to measure energy intake and physical activity. Health education in the treatment group was conducted 6 times in 12 weeks, while the control group received health education only once at the beginning of the study.Results In the treatment group, the child physical activity level [0.04 (SD 0.01)] increased, while the % RDA for energy [-3.4 (SD 13.26)%] and BMI z-score [-0.57 (SD 0.26)] decreased. Significant differences were observed between the treatment and control groups in terms of maternal attitude, and children’s % RDA for energy, physical activity level, and BMI z-score after intervention (P <0.05).Conclusion Health education for mothers effects a positive change in maternal attitude, as well as increased physical activity level, decreased energy consumption relative to their need, and BMI z-score in overweight children.