bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of fractional excretion of magnesium in diagnosing renal magnesium wasting in pediatric nephrology practice
Authors: Awazu Midori , Matsumura Kazuya
Published: June 2023

Background
Renal magnesium (Mg) wasting is associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in adults. Fractional excretion of magnesium (FEMg) is commonly used in diagnosing Mg wasting, but it can be affected by serum magnesium (SMg) and creatinine concentration (SCr). We investigated the utility of FEMg in diagnosing Mg wasting combined with SMg, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), and urine Mg-to-creatinine ratio (Mg/Cr) in pediatric nephrology practice.
Methods
One hundred and nineteen patients (59 males and 60 females, median 15 years) seen in our pediatric clinic were investigated for FEMg, SMg, eGFR, and urine Mg/Cr. Normal eGFR was defined as ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 or for infants SCr < CKD stage 2. Urine Mg/Cr was compared with age-specific reference values.
Results
Sixteen of all patients (13%) had hypomagnesemia (1.2–1.7 mg/dL) and all had FEMg >2% (mean ± SD: 9.5 ± 11.7%). Only 4 patients had elevated urine Mg/Cr. Of normomagnesemic patients with normal eGFR, 29% (19/65) had FEMg >4% (5.5 ± 1.1%). Among these 19 patients, 68% (13) had elevated urine Mg/Cr. ROC curve analysis showed that a cut-off value for FEMg 4.1% yielded 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity for elevated urine Mg/Cr (AUC = 0.93). In normomagnesemic patients with low eGFR, 79% (30/38) had FEMg >4%, but only 20% of them (6/30) had elevated urine Mg/Cr. Overall, patients with hypomagnesemia and those with elevated urine Mg/Cr were diagnosed as Mg wasting (36/119, 30%).
Conclusions
For the diagnosis of Mg wasting, FEMg should be used in combination with SMg, eGFR, and urine Mg/Cr. Mg wasting is not uncommon in pediatric nephrology practice.
Genetic association of CCL18 and EGF genes elevate the risk of breast cancer
Authors: Sonia Fatema Akter , Ferdous Md. Razowanul , Moududee Sayed Ala , Bellah Sm Faysal
Published: June 2023

Background: CCL18 and EGF, two biologically plausible cancer biomarkers, are responsible for the emergence and progression of breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). We aimed to study the expression of the CCL18 and EGF genes and how CCL18 and EGF affect immune function and prognosis in breast cancer.Subjects and methods: To evaluate the relationship between CCL18 and EGF and breast cancer risks, web-based bioinformatics tools were used. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to assess the predictive importance of CCL18 and EGF mRNA expression in breast cancer. In order to find whether CCL18 and EGF are independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of breast cancer patients, single- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used. Additionally, STRING database was used to analyze protein-protein interactions.Result: Our findings demonstrated that both CCL18 and EGF exhibit considerable expression and are linked to an elevated risk of breast cancer. In addition, increased expression of CCL18 might indicate poor OS and RFS. Moreover, disease stage and expression level of CCL18 and EGF were correlated with relapse-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer. Analysis of protein-protein interaction based on STRING database gained 8 top genes which could interact with ZWINT, including PMF1, MIS12, DSN1, ZW10, BUB1, BUB1B, CASC5, NDC80, NSL1 and NUF2.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CCL18 and EGF have high levels of expression in breast tumor tissues and may play a crucial role in the etiology of breast cancer risk.
Effects of preparation and telemedicine support for laypersons as first responders for building-site severe injury events: a randomized simulation study
Authors: Hedberg Hans , Hedberg Pia , Alex Jonas , Karlsson Sofia , Haney Michael
Published: June 2023

Background: The risk of high-energy trauma injuries on construction sites is relatively high. A delayed response time could affect outcomes after severe injury. This study assessed if preparation for first aid response for laypersons (employees or apprentices) in the construction industry, a first aid training course or atelemedicine supporting system, would lead to better immediate vital responses.
Method: This was a randomized, controlled simulation study. Employees or apprentices at a construction site were recruited and randomly allocated into a group where groups had telemedicine support or not, and preparatory course training or not. One group had both, and one group had neither. The primary outcomes were correct behavior to recognize a blocked breathing passage and restore adequate breathing and correct behavior to stop life-threatening bleeding from a lower extremity injury.
Results: A total of 90 participants were included and were assessed as 10 groups of 3 for each of 4 exposures (one group was tested first as a baseline group, and then later after having done the training course). For bleeding, and airway management within 90 seconds, telemedicine support by itself, with no course preparation, gave benefit to trauma response. The preparatory course by itself showed improved immediate responses, at least for airway management. The pre-treatment course and telemedicine support together were shown to be not clearly superior to the course by itself or telemedicine by itself.
Conclusion: These findings show that laypersons, here construction industry employees, can be supported to achieve good performance as first responders in a major injury scenario either by a 6 hour practical training course or with distance video support from ambulance personnel by itself, or with both. Since effects of training course/education is expected to decay over time without recurrent training or repetition, telemedicine support for local laypersons in response to a serious injury event could be a practical way to improve vital immediate response effectiveness, even for those who have not had recent first aid courses.
Construction and validation of somatic mutation-derived LncRNA signatures of genomic instability to predict prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Duan Botao , Zhao Xuekai , Cui Yangyang , Liu Dezheng , Zhou Lei , Zhang Xingyuan
Published: June 2023

Background
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been found to be a potential prognostic factor for cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some LncRNAs have been confirmed as potential indicators to quantify genomic instability (GI). Nevertheless, GI-LncRNAs remains largely unexplored. This study establishes a genomic instability-derived LncRNA signature (GILncSig) that can predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
Methods
Identifying the GI-LncRNAs by combining LncRNA expression and somatic mutation profiles. Next, GI-LncRNAs were analyzed for functional enrichment. GILncSig was established in the training set by Cox regression analysis, and its predictive ability was verified in testing set and TCGA set. In addition, we explored the effects of GILncSig and TP53 on the prognosis.
Results
A total of 88 GI-LncRNAs were found, and functional enrichment analysis showed that their functions were mainly involved in small molecule metabolism and GI. GILncSig was constructed by 5 LncRNAs (MIR210HG, AC016735.1, AC116351.1, AC010643.1, LUCAT1). In the training set, the prognosis of high-risk patients was significantly worse than that of low-risk patients, and similar results were verified in the testing set and TCGA set. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and stratified analysis confirmed that GILncSig could be used as an independent prognostic factor The ROC curve analysis of GILncSig showed that its AUC (0.773) was higher than the two LncRNA signatures published recently. Furthermore, GILncSig may have a better predictive performance than TP53 mutation status alone.
Conclusion
We established a GILncSig that can predict the prognosis of HCC patients, which can help to guide the prognostic evaluation and treatment decisions.
Current Genetic Defects in Common Variable Immune Deficiency Patients on the Geography Between Europe and Asia
Authors: Aygun Ayse , Topyıldız Ezgi , Geyik Mehmet , Karaca Neslihan Edeer , Durmaz Asude , Aksu Guzide , Aykut Ayca , Kutukculer Necil
Published: June 2023

Identification of the causes of monogenetic common variable immune deficiency (CVID) patients has rapidly increased in the last years by means of worldwide availability of appropriate genetic diagnostic methods. However, up to date, very limited numbers of reports demostrating the role of geography, ethnicity and consanguinity have been published. Here, we reported the first study of Turkish CVID patients and compared them with the results of three countries from America, Europe and Asia. A total of 100 children diagnosed as CVID according to the criteria of European Society for Immunodeficiencies were enrolled and they were genetically analyzed by using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing. The median age of our patients was 5.8 years (range, 3.0-16.0 years) at clinical diagnosis and 9.0 years (range, 4.8-21.0 years) at the time of genetic diagnosis. The consanguianity rate was 24%. Disease-causing pathogenic mutations were defined in 40% of patients in a total of 17 different genes. Sixteen of 40 identified mutations were novel (40%). We determined 18 surface molecular defects, 10 cytosolic defects, 9 nuclear defects and 3 others. In our cohort, the most common gene wasTACI(15/40 in mutation identified cases and 15/100 in all cases) followed by the others such asPLCү2, LRBA, TCF3andSTAT1.In contrast to our expectations, our results were more similar to American and European population rather than Asians, although we also have high consanguinity rates and live on the geography between Europe and Asia. Genetic investigation is a great challenge, because of the complexity and heterogenity of the disease and each country has to know their own current genetic landscape in CVID for a better and successful management of the patients.
Systemic inflammation adversely affects response to anamorelin in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tsunematsu Masashi , Uwagawa Tadashi , Onda Shinji , Shirai Yoshihiro , Okui Norimitsu , Matsumoto Michinori , Furukawa Kenei , Haruki Koichiro , Ishizaki Shunta , Ikegami Toru
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Anamorelin, a selective ghrelin receptor agonist, has been approved for pancreatic cancer treatment in Japan. We aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation, represented by the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin ratio (CAR), could predict the effect of anamorelin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Methods
This study included 31 patients who had received anamorelin for advanced pancreatic cancer between 2021 and 2023. Patients’ NLR, PLR, LMR, and CAR were evaluated before anamorelin administration. The patients were classified as responders and non-responders based on whether they gained body weight after 3 months of anamorelin administration. We investigated the association between systemic inflammation and anamorelin efficacy using a univariate analysis.
Results
Twelve (39%) patients were non-responders. A high serum CRP level (p = 0.007) and high CAR (p = 0.013) was associated with non-response to anamorelin. According to the receiver operating characteristics analysis, the CAR cutoff value was 0.06, and CAR ≥ 0.06 was a risk factor (odds ratio, 5.6 [95% confidence interval 1.2–27.1], p = 0.032) for non-response to anamorelin.
Conclusion
CAR can be a predictor of non-response to anamorelin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, suggesting the importance of a comprehensive assessment of the inflammatory status.
Hybrid Classical-Quantum Transfer Learning for Text Classification
Authors: Ardeshir-Larijani Ebrahim , Nasiri Mehdi
Published: June 2023

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a promising field that combines the power of quantum computing with machine learning. Variational quantum circuits, where parameters of circuits are learned classically, have been widely used in many recent applications of QML. This is an instance of a hybrid quantum-classical framework, where both classical and quantum components are present. However, applying these techniques to applications involving massive data is a challenging task. One way to overcome this, is using the concept of classical-quantum transfer learning with the help of dressed quantum circuit, introduced recently, where the underlying neural architecture is pre-trained classically, but at the final steps (decision layer), a quantum circuit is used, followed by quantum measurements and post-processing to classify images with high precision. In this paper, we applied hybrid classical-quantum transfer learning to another task of massive data processing, i.e. Natural Language Processing (NLP). We show how to (binary) classify short texts (e.g., SMS) with classical-quantum transfer learning, which was originally applied to image processing only. Our quantum network was pre-trained by Bidirectional Encoder Representations from the Transformers (BERT) model, and its variational quantum circuit is fine-tuned for text processing. We evaluated the performance of our hybrid neural architecture using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, which is typically used in the evaluation of classification problems. The results indicate high precision as well as lower loss function. To our knowledge, our work is the first application of quantum transfer learning to the area of NLP. Finally a comparison with a tool that uses learning but in a different way than transfer learning is presented
Genetically predicted type 2 diabetes may be a protective factor for bone mineral density：A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Weiwei , Chen Honggu , Xiong Yong , Lv Yahui , Ren Jie
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the causal association between T2D and BMD using MR analysis.
Methods:
We obtained genetic data for T2D and BMD from previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant genome-wide differences(p<5×10-8) and independent (r2 < 0.001), and further analysed SNPs with F ≥ 10. To assess causality, we used inverse variance weighting (IVW) and reported results as odds ratios (ORs). We also tested for heterogeneity using Cochran's Q, tested for polymorphism using the MR-Egger intercept, and performed sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of our results.
Results:
The results showed that T2D was significantly associated with FN-BMD(β=0.049, 95%CI 0.021~0.077, p=0.001),LS-BMD(β=0.05, 95%CI 0.015~0.085,p=4.707*10-3), eBMD (β=0.028, 95%CI 0.01~0.045,p=0.002), TB-BMD(β=0.040,95%CI 0.015~0.064,p =0.002),TB-BMD(age over 60)(β=0.051,95%CI 0.016~0.086,p = 0.004),TB-BMD (age 45-60) (β=0.05,95%CI 0.014~0.087,p=0.007).
Conclusion:
In summary, our study suggests that T2D may act as a protective factor for BMD, we do not have sufficient evidence to support a causal effect of T2D on BMD at a genetically predicted level. More cases need to be included for analysis.
Gastric cancer combination therapy by siRNA-mediated NRF2 silencing and paclitaxel
Authors: Hasani Shima , Khalaj-Kondori Mohammad , Safaei Sahar , Amini Mohammad , Sorkhabi Amin Daei , Tabrizi Negin Riazi , Maghsoudi Mohadeseh , Baradaran Behzad
Published: June 2023

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly chemoresistant malignancy with a poor prognosis. Paclitaxel's low response rate as second-line chemotherapy for advanced GC has prompted intensive research into its molecular basis and prospective targeted therapies to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of NRF2 silencing in combination with paclitaxel treatment on GC cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, and migration.
Methods: After the siRNA-mediated silencing of NRF2 in AGS cells, the transfection efficacy was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The MTT assay was then applied to assess cell viability, followed by flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy in AGS cells treated with NRF2 siRNA, paclitaxel, or their combination. Thereafter, the migration of cells was measured using a wound-healing assay. Ultimately, the relative gene expression levels of apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), metastatic (MMP-2), and cell cycle (P53) genes were measured by qRT-PCR in all experiment groups to further assess the molecular basis for the combination therapy.
Results: NRF2 siRNA transfection significantly enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and sensitized AGS cells to paclitaxel via modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Besides, NRF2 siRNA and paclitaxel synergistically induced cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase, promoted autophagy activation, and inhibited AGS cell migration via MMP-2 downregulation. Additionally, P53, a key regulator of cell growth, was significantly upregulated in the treated groups compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that paclitaxel combined with siRNA-mediated silencing of NRF2 might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for GC, however further translational and clinical research are warranted.
Towards an intelligent malaria outbreak warning model Based Intelligent Malaria Outbreak Warning in Northern part Benin, West Africa
Authors: Gbaguidi Gouvidé Jean , Topanou Nikita , KETOH Guillaume K.
Published: June 2023

Background
Malaria is one of the major vector-borne diseases most sensitive to climatic change in West Africa. The prevention and reduction of malaria are very difficult in Benin due to poverty, economic insatiability the non-control of environmental determinants. This study aims to develop an intelligent outbreak malaria early warning model driven by monthly time series climatic variables in the Northern part of Benin.
Methods
Climate data from nine rain gauge stations and malaria incidence data from 2009 to 2021 were extracted respectively from the National Meteorological Agency (METEO) and the Ministry of Health of Benin. Projected relative humidity and temperature were obtained from the coordinated regional downscaling experiment (CORDEX) simulations of the Rossby Centre Regional Atmospheric regional climate model(RCA4).
A structural equation model was employed to determine the effects of climatic variables on malaria incidence. We developed an intelligent malaria early warning model to predict the prevalence of malaria. using machine learning by applying three machine learning algorithms including Linear regression (LiR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Negative Binominal Regression (NBiR).
Results
Two ecological factors affect the incidence of malaria. Support vector machine regression is the best-performing algorithm, predicting 82% of malaria incidence in the Northern part of Benin.
The projection reveals an increase in malaria incidence under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 over the studied period.
Discussion
These results reveal that the northern part of Benin is at high risk of malaria and specific malaria control programs are urged to reduce the risk of malaria.
Biosorption of toxic metal Pb (II) by Bacillus isolated using in semi- industrial scale " moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)"
Authors: Ahmady-Asbchin Salman , Nasab Mohammad Akbari , Gerente Claire
Published: June 2023

This study involved the isolation of indigenous bacteria from heavy metal-contaminated environments that have the ability to bioabsorb heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, and lead. The bioabsorption process was optimized by varying parameters such as temperature, metal concentration, number of bacteria, pH, and more. The bacterial isolates were investigated in terms of morphology, biochemistry, and phylogeny, with 12 strains chosen in the initial stage and one strain chosen in the final stage. A box and reactor were designed to house these optimized microorganisms. Based on biochemical, morphological, and molecular results, the isolated strain was found to be closely related to the Bacillus genus.In the first five steps of testing, the ideal pH for removing lead alone, lead with cadmium, lead with nickel, and lead ternary (with cadmium and nickel) by Bacillus bacteria was found to be 7, 6, 5.5, and 6.5, respectively. The absorption efficiency for single lead, lead together with nickel, cadmium, and ternary (lead with cadmium and nickel) was found to be 0.36, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.21 mmol/g, respectively. The ideal temperature for lead removal was around 30°C. The adsorption isotherm for each lead metal in different states was found to be similar to the Langmuir isotherm, indicating that the surface absorption process is a single-layer process. The kinetics of the process follows the second-order kinetic model. The amount of Bacillus bacteria biomass obtained during this process was approximately 1.5 grams per liter.
Effects of training flights of combat jet pilots on parameters of airway function, diffusing capacity and systemic oxidative stress, and their association with flight parameters
Authors: Bojahr Janina C. , Jörres Rudolf A. , Kronseder Angelika , Weber Frank , Ledderhos Carla , Roiu Immanuel , Karrasch Stefan , Nowak Dennis , Teupser Daniel , Königer Christian
Published: June 2023

Background: Fighter aircraft pilots are regularly exposed to physiological challenges from high acceleration (Gz) forces, as well as increased breathing pressure and oxygen supply in the support systems. We studied, whether effects on the lung and systemic oxidative stress were detectable after real training flights comprising a wide variety of exposure conditions and their combinations.
Methods: Thirty-five pilots of the German Air Force performed 145 flights with the Eurofighter Typhoon. Before and after flights, lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide (DLNO), alveolar volume (VA), and diffusing capacities per volume (KCO, KNO) were assessed. Additionally, the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was determined, and urine samples for the analysis of molecular species related to 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were taken. For statistical analysis, mixed ANOVA models were used.
Results: DLNO, DLCO, KNO, KCO and VA were reduced (p<0.001) after flights, mean±SD changes being 2.9±5.0, 3.2±5.2, 1.5±3.7, 1.9±3.7 and 1.4±3.1%, respectively, while FeNO decreased by 11.1% and the ratio of 8-OHdG to creatinine increased by 15.7±37.8%. The reductions of DLNO (DLCO) were smaller (p<0.001) than those of KNO (KCO). In repeated flights on different days, baseline values were restored. Among various flight parameters comprising Gz-forces and/or being indicative of positive pressure breathing and oxygenation support, the combination of long flight duration and high altitude appeared to be linked to greater changes in DLNO and DLCO.
Conclusions: The pattern of reductions in diffusing capacities suggests effects arising from atelectasis and increased diffusion barrier, without changes in capillary blood volume. The decrease in exhaled endogenous NO suggests bronchial mucosal irritation and/or local oxidative stress, and the increase in urinary oxidized guanosine species suggests systemic oxidative stress. Although changes were small and not clinically relevant, their presence demonstrated physiological effects of real training flights in a modern 4th generation fighter jet.
An empirical study of an American flag football game course to promote Gross Motor and Physical Fitness in 5-6 year old preschoolers
Authors: Shi Zuozheng , Yang Xulin , Zhang Xinru , Xuan Shu , Li Jian , Zhu Weihua , Dai Yuxin , Guan Xuhan
Published: June 2023

Objective:To explore the effects of the Flag rugby game courses on the development of Gross Motor and physical fitness in 5-6 year old preschoolers.
Methods:Using the Flag rugby game courses as an intervention, a total of 56 preschool children aged 5-6 years (57.14% girls) were selected to participate in Class A and Class B through a random sampling method to see the effects of the flag rugby game courses on their Gross Motor and Physical Fitness.
Results:After 12W exercised，In the comparative analysis of subjects' Gross Motor and Physical Fitness test results.We found that the ExG differed significantly(P<0.01) in the test results of Gross Motor and Physical Fitness,and a 2 (group: ExG,ConG)×2 (time: 0w,12w) repeated measures ANOVA was performed and found was interacted significantly (P<0.001) in Total Locomotor Subject Score (F=38.287, p=0.000, ES=0.415),Total Object Control Subject Score(F=164.453, p=0.000, ES=0.753),Total Gross Motor Score (F=192.409, p=0.000, ES=0.781),and found was interacted significant (P<0.05) in Grip strength (F=5.030, p=0.029, ES=0.085),Sitting forward bending (F=6.957, p=0.011, ES=0.114),15m obstacle runing(F=4.185, p=0.046, ES=0.072),Walking the balance beam(F=7.504, p=0.008, ES=0.122).In the comparative analysis of the results of Gross Motor tests and Physical Fitness in subjects of different genders.The main effect of gender was significant (P<0.05) just in Total Object Control Subject Score (F=5.200,P=0.027,ES=0.850).The Group*Gender*Time interaction was significant(P<0.05) just in Horizontal Jump (F=5.177,P=0.027,ES=0.091).
Conclusion:It is recommended to promote the Flag rugby game program in the sports curriculum of preschool children aged 5-6 years old, which can improve the overall level of Gross Motor and Physical Fitness development of preschool children aged 5-6 years old.
Effects of Y content on the oxidation behavior of CoCrNiAl 0.6 middle entropy alloys at 1200 °C
Authors: Deng Dunying , Xiong Xiaxuan , Wen Hanqing , Tong Yonggang , Liu Jian , Cai Zhihai
Published: June 2023

With the increase of the turbine inlet temperature of high-efficiency gas turbines, developing the bond-coat with higher temperature oxidation resistance is also necessary. In the paper, CoCrNiAl0.6 middle entropy alloys with different content reactive elements Y were prepared, and the effects of Y content on the microstructure and oxidation behavior at 1200 ℃ were studied. All alloys consist of β phase and γ phase，but CoCrNiAl0.6Y (0.11) shows some sub-micron γ phase precipitates are within the β phase. The oxidation behavior at 1200 ℃ of CoCrNiAl0.6Yx (x=0.05, 0.08, 0.11) confirms that dense oxide scale can be formed at the alloy surface, the surface with aluminum oxide accompanied yttrium oxide makes better adhesion between the matrix and oxide scale. The CoCrNiAl0.6Y (0.11) alloy has the best oxidation resistance with lower oxidation rate of 5.704×10-12 g2/(cm4·s), which is also far better than the conventional NiCoCrAlY alloy with typical compositions.
Gender and household food security in Ghana: Assessing food security and dietary diversity among male-and female-headed cocoa households and its associated factors in the Juaboso-Bia landscape
Authors: Batame Michael
Published: June 2023

Malnutrition is a wicked problem that affects every country in the globe, affecting one in three individuals, including Ghana. 690 million people were undernourished globally in 2019, according to estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 50% of child mortality has been attributed to malnutrition. The study used mixed research methods to gather primary data to investigate dietary diversity distribution and food and nutrition security status among male and female-headed cocoa households and its associated factors. Through this study, it was revealed that 62.8% of the male-headed cocoa households had medium to high dietary diversity compared to their female counterpart 39.3%. Also, the male-headed cocoa households recalled eating legumes/nuts (13%) and milk products (18.5%) were consumed less, whereas female-headed cocoa households least consumed the following food groups: sugar/honey (17.5%), oil/fat/butter (17%), spices/tea/condiments (16.5%), eggs (12.5%), organic meat (8.5%), fruits (7.5%), legumes/nuts (7%), and milk product (4.5%). Moreover, the months that the male-headed households recalled facing severe food unavailability were in July, June, April, and May, however, for the female-headed households, the severe months were June, July, March, February, and January. Climate change/variability, unavailable lands, poverty, large household size, and gender stereotypes were factors promoting low dietary diversity among male and female-headed households. Furthermore, 91.7% of the male-headed households and 88.6% of the female-headed households shared that cocoa expansion affects crop diversification in the study area. This study recommends that the government should educate cocoa households on the utmost importance of eating balanced diets, and empower female-headed households.
Risk factors for the failure of nasal noninvasive ventilation in infants with severe community acquired pneumonia: a case-control study
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wang Zeyu , Wu Bo , Yan Jingli , Ren Xue , Xu Wei
Published: June 2023

Purpose
To investigate the risk factors for the failure of nasal noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in infants with severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP).
Methods
This was a case-control study from the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the National Children’s Regional Medical Center in Northeast China. Comprehensive data was sourced from all infants (28 days − 3 years) diagnosed with SCAP and using NIV as the initial ventilation therapy from 2017 to 2021. NIV failure referred to endotracheal intubation, infant death or termination of treatment.
Results
Among the 168 infants, the failure rate of NIV was 47.0%. After adjusting by a binary logistic regression model, neuromuscular disorder (NMD) (odds ratio 6.47, 95% confidence interval 1.06–39.56), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (2.25, 1.15–4.39), the differences of respiratory rate-oxygenation (ΔROX) index < -0.41 (2.20, 1.06–4.55), the duration before start NIV (0.97, 0.94–0.99), and the initial FIO2 of NIV (1.05, 1.02–1.09) were associated with NIV failure (all P values < 0.05). The predictive ability of PRISM III score (area under curve 0.588, P = 0.049) and modified PIRO scale (0.615, P = 0.010) for intubation were significant, not included PELOD-2 score (0.584, P = 0.060). 19.0% (15/79) infants experienced late intubation (> 72 hours of admission), which correlated to a lower improvement rate (76.6% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.011).
Conclusions
NMD history, reduced ΔROX index, increased ALT, early use and higher initial FIO2 requirements for NIV were risk factors for intubation during NIV for infants.
Changes in nutrient composition and quality characteristics of peeled Citrullus lunatus, preserved in different packaging materials
Authors: I Okparauka Immaculata , Ojimelukwe Philippa C
Published: June 2023

Peeled melon seeds are widely consumed and are export items for several countries. The present research was conducted to establish the appropriate packaging materials for nutrient retention and shelf stability of peeled melon seeds (Citrullus lanatus). Fresh melon seeds were peeled and stored in three packaging materials- (Hessian Brown Bag (HBB), Propylene Bag (GSB) and Transparent Polyethylene Bag (TPB) for three months. Functional properties, physiochemical properties and nutrient composition of the samples were determined at the onset and after 3 months using standard AOAC methods. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the fresh and samples stored for 3 months in all the functional properties. Emulsion capacity decreased after 3 months, while emulsion stability increased. All the vitamins, minerals and approximate nutrients determined (except carbohydrates) decreased as the storage period increased. The indices of fat deterioration increased with the storage period. Both the storage period and the packaging material did not affect the magnesium and zinc contents; iron, manganese, vitamin B6 and vitamin A contents decreased with storage period. Melon seeds packaged in Hessian bag retained the highest amount of nutrients and was the least susceptible to deterioration by fat rancidity.
Research on Classification of Highway Service Areas Based on Multifactor Clustering
Authors: zhen Cao , yuhui Sun , juna Geng , zhun Tian
Published: June 2023

The current classification of highway service areas is primarily based on qualitative analysis, which lacks consistent standards and fails to meet the requirements for operation and planning. This article proposes a classification method for highway service areas based on land use features and characteristics specific to these areas. POI (point of interest) data is obtained from a mapping platform, and surveys provide information on the area of highway service areas, distance from city centers, regional economic conditions, and population data. The approach involves utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to extract feature factors from the POI data, which are combined with the highway service area characteristics to form classification indicators. The clustering tendencies are analyzed using the Hopkins statistic, the number of clusters is determined using the elbow method, and the advantages and disadvantages of K-Means, Fuzzy C-means (FCM), and hierarchical clustering algorithms are assessed using the Calinski-Harabasz (CH) coefficient, Silhouette Coefficient (SC), and Davies-Bouldin (DB) index. Using data from 95 highway service areas in Shaanxi Province as an example, the article applies the K-Means, FCM, and hierarchical clustering algorithms to classify the types of highway service areas and conducts feature analysis for each type. The research findings indicate that the K-Means clustering algorithm outperforms the FCM and hierarchical clustering algorithms according to all three evaluation indicators. Therefore, the article employs the K-Means clustering algorithm to classify the 95 highway service areas in Shaanxi Province into three categories. The classification results obtained from this study provide a basis for the comprehensive development of highway service areas and the surrounding land. By offering a more refined and consistent classification method, this research addresses the current issues and supports improved operation and planning of highway service areas.
Comparison of Quality of Life between Children and Adolescents with Coeliac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease – A Survey among Patients and Their Caregivers
Authors: Petersen Franziska Catharina , Broekaert Ilse Julia , Hünseler Christoph
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The aim was to evaluate quality of life (QoL) in paediatric coeliac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and determine factors contributing to QoL.
Methods:
Children (3–18 years) with either CeD or IBD and their parents filled in two questionnaires: the PedsQL™ 4.0 SF 15 (SF 15) and the PedsQL™ 3.0 GIS Scale (GIS). The scores were compared and correlated with clinical data.
Results:
220 participants were enrolled (CeD: n = 67; IBD: n = 52). QoL in children with CeD or IBD are comparable between total scores (SF 15 total score: 83.49 (CeD) vs. 85.39 (IBD) (p = 0.13); GIS total score: 83.95 (CeD) vs. 88.25 (IBD) (p = 0.09)). However, differences in subcategories were found. In CeD patients, Emotional Functioning (p = 0.04), Food and Drink Limits (p < 0.01), Trouble Swallowing (p = 0.02) and Heart Burn and Reflux (p < 0.01) were related to a poorer QoL. Comparing perceptions of parents, similar results of QoL were shown (CeD: Emotional Functioning (p = 0.02), Food and Drink Limits (p < 0.01); IBD: Blood in Poop scale (p < 0.01)). According to univariate regression, SF 15 total scores of children with IBD and their parents (p < 0.01) and GIS total scores (children: p < 0.03, parents: p < 0.01) were lower when calprotectin was elevated. Total SF 15 scores reported by parents of children with CeD were lower when transglutaminase-IgA was elevated (p = 0.02).
Conclusions:
Although both diseases may vary in their clinical appearance and limitations in daily life, perceptions of QoL are comparable to each other. Yet, we discovered disease specific domains contributing to a lower QoL.
Trial Registration:
Bfarm.de; German Clinical Trials Register ID DRKS00027418; Trial registered on February 10th, 2022.
6D Pose Estimation of Weakly Textured Object Driven by Decoupling Analysis and Algorithm Fusion Strategy
Authors: 郑天宇 江苏科技大学 , Zhang Sheng-Wen , Wang Yan-Yan
Published: June 2023

In complex industrial scenes, the 6D pose estimation of weakly textured objects is characterized by difficult feature extraction and a high cost of dataset production. These challenges make it difficult to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the 6D pose estimation. To address these issues, a weakly textured object pose estimation method driven by decoupling analysis and algorithm fusion strategy is proposed in this paper. In this approach, the 6D pose estimation is decoupled. Firstly, a synthetic dataset is created using rendering and sampling techniques, and the relevant initial pose information is recorded. Then, a CBAM-CDAE network is proposed, which incorporates the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) into the Convolutional Denoising Autoencoder (CDAE). This network suppresses irrelevant features and enhances the expressive power of the network. Additionally, the hierarchical network structure and sliding window operation from the Swin Transformer network are introduced to improve the overall performance. The trained CBAM-CDAE network is used to generate potential vector codebooks corresponding to the template samples. The trained M-ST instance segmentation network is employed to obtain object bounding box and mask information, which are utilized to calculate the initial pose estimation. Extensive experiments are conducted on the T-LESS dataset to validate the proposed method. The proposed method accomplishes highly accurate while maintaining detection speed, the method achieves improved accuracy and reliability. The experimental results provide strong evidence of the method's performance and highlight its potential for practical applications.
A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Alone Versus Chemotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Sabola Gift Andrew
Published: June 2023

Background: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains one of the rare but most devastating cancer diseases, with a rising global burden. The increasing mortality and morbidity trends have indicated the need for improved interventions for effective treatment for all the BTC subtypes. Henc, there has been proposals for use of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Methods and Results: The main research question was “How effective is Chemotherapy-Immunotherapy combination compared to Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy alone in treating Biliary Tract Cancer?” The systematic review followed the mixed-method research design based on the PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review focused on studies published between 2022 and 2023. The results showed that both chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and monotherapies are effective in treating BTC.
Conclusions: Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy as well as monotherapies are effective and safer.
An olfactory bulb GnRH neuronal population translates social relevant odors into reproductive behavior in male mice
Authors: Decoster Laurine , Trova Sara , Zucca Stefano , Gouveia Ayden , Bulk Janice , Ternier Gaetan , Lhomme Tori , Legrand Amandine , Boehm Ulrich , Hrabovszky Erik , Rácz Gergely , Luzzati Federico , Peretto Paolo , Steculorum Sophie , Schriever Sonja C. , Bernecker Miriam , Pfluger Paul T , Bovetti Serena , Rasika Sowmyalakshmi , Prevot Vincent , Silva Mauro S. B. , Giacobini Paolo
Published: June 2023

Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) neurons are central regulators of fertility and integrate endogenous hormonal status with environmental cues to ensure reproductive success. Here, we found that a novel population of extra-hypothalamic GnRH neurons in the olfactory bulb of adult mice and humans (GnRHOB) can mediate social recognition. We show that GnRHOB neurons extend neurites into the vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium and project to the hypothalamic median eminence. We demonstrate that male GnRHOB neuronsexpress chemosensory vomeronasal and olfactory receptors, are activated by female odors in vivo, and mediate gonadotropin release in response to female urine. We find that male preference for female odors is enhanced upon chemogenetic activation of GnRHOB neurons, impaired after genetic inhibition or ablation of these cells and relies on GnRH signaling in the posterodorsal medial amygdala. Taken together, these results establish GnRHOB neurons as a central regulatory hub regulating fertility, sex recognition, and mating in males.
Indirect boundary controllability of coupled degenerate wave equations
Authors: Moumni Alhabib , Salhi Jawad , Tilioua Mouhcine
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider a system of two degenerate wave equations coupled through the velocities, only one of them being controlled. We assume that the coupling parameter is sufficiently small and we focus on null controllability problem. To this aim, using multiplier techniques and careful energy estimates, we first establish an indirect observability estimate for the corresponding adjoint system. Then, by applying the Hilbert Uniqueness Method, we show that the indirect boundary controllability of the original system holds for a sufficiently large time.
MSC 2020: 35L80, 93B05, 93B07, 93C05, 93C20
Association between Stress and Social Support Perceived among Undergraduate Health Sciences Student
Authors:   Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Nurul Azizah , Baharudin Nur Sakinah ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Alias Noor Amiera ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2023

Introduction: A high level of perceived social support can lessen stress. However, the lack of knowledge on stress and perceived social support among students during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was explored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and perceived social support among undergraduate Health Sciences students. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used in a cross-sectional study of 290 undergraduate Health Sciences students in public universities. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to measure the perception of stress, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to measure perceived social support from three sources, including family, friends and significant others. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between the stress level and the total score of the MSPSS (r = −0.432), perceived social support from family (r = −0.429), significant others (r = −0.328), and friends (r = −0.219, P < 0.001). Over three-quarters (73.4%) of the students have a moderate stress level (mean = 21.17, SD = 5.75). The highest social support perceived was from a family (mean = 5.21, SD = 1.48). Conclusion: The study suggested that social support from family is the strongest for students to go through the stress of tough times. It also highlighted the need for attention to stress management among undergraduate students for healthy well-being. Future studies that involve other academic fields of study and qualitative research would give useful information on perceived social support among students.
Knowledge, Perception and Barriers to Cancer Pain Management among Doctors in Malaysia
Authors:   Palliative Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah, Malaysia, Ting Yi Kweh , Chian Hui Yeoh ,   Palliative Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah, Malaysia, Huan Keat Chan ,   Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah, Malaysia, Ahmad Fazlina ,   Palliative Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah, Malaysia
Published: June 2023

Background: Pain remains common in people living with advanced cancer and is often inadequately managed. This study was designed to assess knowledge, perceptions and barriers to morphine use in cancer pain management among doctors in Malaysia. Methods: Doctors from multiple disciplines in a general hospital were invited to complete a 39-item self-reported questionnaire between November 2020 and December 2020. Each question was based on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). ‘Agree’ and ‘strongly agree’ were considered correct or positive responses, except for nine questions worded in the opposite direction. Associations between variables were confirmed using Pearson’s chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Most respondents were house officers (206/321; 64.2%) with less than two years of service, followed by medical officers (68/321; 21.2%) and specialists (47/321; 14.6%). Only 7.2% of the respondents had received formal palliative care training before the study. Of the respondents, 73.5% were aware of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgaesic ladder, 60.7% were correct on oral morphine as the first line for moderate to severe cancer pain treatment and 91.9% knew the need to add rescue morphine for breakthrough pain. Additionally, 34.0% (P < 0.001) perceived morphine use caused addiction, 57.9% (n = 186) expressed fear of respiratory depression and 18.3% of medical officers and specialists perceived limited access and a maximum dose to prescribe. There was a significant difference in knowledge and perception between junior doctors and senior clinicians. The majority strongly agreed and agreed that there were inadequate training opportunities in cancer pain management. Conclusion: Inconsistent knowledge and negative perceptions of cancer pain management among doctors were demonstrated in this study.
Diet is Linked to Colorectal Cancer Risk among Asian Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ashari Lydiatul Shima , Abd Rashid Ainaa Almardhiyah ,   Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohd Razif Shahril ,   Nutritional Science Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Yeong Yeh Lee ,   School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   GI Function and Motility Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Jan Mohamed Hamid Jan ,   Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: June 2023

This review aimed to map current evidence on the association between dietary factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Asia. This review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram was used to record the review process. For the purpose of searching for articles, three electronic databases namely PubMed, EBSCOHost and ScienceDirect were employed. The inclusion criteria for articles selection were articles with association analysis between diet and CRC risk among Asians, had adults as participants, articles were written in English, open-accessed and published between years 2009 and 2021. Thus, 35 out of 369 screened articles were eventually included in this review which covered 28 case-control studies, six prospective cohort studies and one randomised clinical trial. Foods such as meats, alcohol and westernised diet have been shown to be associated with increase of CRC risk while fruits, vegetables and traditional meals decreased the risk of CRC. Only a few interventional and dietary patterns studies were identified. Specific single foods and nutrients and dietary patterns have been found to increase the risk but also protected the Asian population against CRC. The findings of this review will guide health professionals, researchers and policy makers to conduct a suitable study design and topic for future research.