bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES ON CREDIT RISKS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: SAFIULLIN Marat R. , ELSHIN Leonid A. , ABDUKAEVA Aliya A.
Published: August 2020

Despite the very high interest on the part of international and national financial institutions, enterprises of the real sector of the economy in distributed data storage technologies, studies on the problems of assessing the use of the potential of blockchain platforms in the socioeconomic environment, their theoretical understanding can be met not so often. Existing works, as a rule, reveal either the technical side of the object of study, or the regulatory aspects of the applicability of blockchain technologies in the national economy.
In this regard, in order to fill in questions revealing other aspects of the subject of the study, for example, such as an empirical assessment of the economic and social effects of the introduction of blockchain technologies in the activities of business entities, an attempt is made in this paper to overcome this conditional vacuum.
The banking sector of the national economy of the Russian Federation was chosen as the object of research. The subject of the study is the relationship built between participants in the financial market on the basis of blockchain technologies, and the resulting effects expressed in the potential to reduce credit risks of banks due to non-fulfillment, untimely or incomplete fulfillment of financial obligations by debtors.
In the course of the study, the main directions that reduce the risks under consideration, as a result of minimizing opportunistic models of behavior, are substantiated, possible economic effects for the Russian banking system as a result of the use of blockchain technologies are identified.
The most important result of the work is the developed algorithm for determining the parameters for reducing the reserved capital for credit risks as a result of the penetration of blockchain technologies into the banking environment.
ABOUT A NEW STAGE OF RESEARCH ON THE SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN REGIONS (FOR THE XVITH CONFERENCE OF THE INTERREGIONAL PROGRAM, VSK-VI, TYUMEN)
Authors: Lapin Nikolai I.
Published: August 2020

The author considers two questions. In the first section of the article, he characterizes the conference topics as meeting the objectives of the new stage of research on the sociocultural evolution of the Russian regions and offers his emphasis on understanding each topic. It is especially important, according to the author, to focus on the tasks of establishing a welfare state and on substantiating its main parameters as a state of all regional welfare. In the second section of the article, the author proposes the task of creating the fundamental library “Regions of the New Russia” and substantiates the possibility of its solution with the initiative activity of participants in the interregional program “Problems of the Sociocultural Evolution of Russia and its Regions”.
THE PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE OF METAL DETECTORS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE SEARCH FOR AND REMOVAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTS FROM PLACES OF OCCURRENCE
Authors: PANFILOV Anatoly N.
Published: August 2020

The scale of illegal archaeological activity in modern Russia is a cause for alarm among scientists, interested specialists and citizens. This problem is exacerbated by the mass enthusiasm of the population of the country by searching for antique metal objects using metal detectors and other special technical search tools. The Federal Law of July 23, 2013 No. 245-ФЗ On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Regarding the Suppression of Illegal Activities in the Field of Archeology was sent to solve the problem. However, these steps did not produce any tangible results. The evolving judicial practice in administrative and criminal cases (Article 7.15.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, Article 243.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) raises many questions among specialists in the field of law.
The article examines the problems of legal regulation of the use in the Russian Federation of special technical means of search for purposes not related to the search and seizure of archaeological objects. The author, relying on wide empirical material, identifies circumstances that impede metalworking, justifies the need for further streamlining of these social relations by adjusting national legislation. The study is interdisciplinary in nature, as the studied problem is at the junction of several branches of law: civil, administrative and criminal.
The research methodology is determined by the specifics of the problem being studied and includes a set of methods of scientific knowledge. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, historical) and private scientific (historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal) research methods are applied.
HIV-Tuberculous Meningitis Co-Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Purmohamad Ali , Azimi Taher , Nasiri Mohammad J. , Goudarzi Mehdi , Zangiabadian Moein , Sedighian Hamid , Fooladi Abbas A.I.
Published: August 2020

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons are at a higher risk of developing
Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. We
systematically searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases from January 1,
2000, to January 31, 2017, to find relevant studies. We employed the random-effects meta-analysis
model to estimate the pooled prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. Twenty-six eligible studies
showed the prevalence of HIV in TBM patients. In the pooled analyses, the prevalence of HIV was
30% (95% CI: 12-47) in patients with confirmed TBM, and 12.1% (95% CI: 7.3-19.2) in patients with
suspected TBM. This study shows a high prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. Establishing proper
diagnostic criteria and preventive measures for TBM infections could assist in the prevention and management
of TBM infection, particularly TBM-HIV co-infection.
HAMP: A Knowledge-base of Antimicrobial Peptides from Human Microbiome
Authors: Mulpuru Viswajit , Semwal Rahul , Varadwaj Pritish Kumar , Mishra Nidhi
Published: August 2020

Background:

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can defend the hosts against various
pathogens and are found in almost every life form from microorganisms to humans. As the rapid
increase of drug-resistant strains in recent years is presenting a serious challenge to healthcare,
antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can revolutionize the antimicrobial development against the drugresistant
microbes.

Objective:

The objective was to encourage the study on the human microbiome towards the
inhibition of drug-resistant bacteria by the development of a database containing antimicrobial
peptides from the human microbiome.

Methods:

This database is an outcome of an extended analysis of human metagenome, involving
the prediction of coding regions, extraction of peptides, prediction of antimicrobial peptides, and
modeling their structure utilizing different in silico tools. Furthermore, an intelligent hash
function-based query engine was designed to validate the novelty of specific candidate peptide
over the reported Knowledge-base.

Result and Discussion:

This Knowledge-base currently focuses on antimicrobial peptide
sequences (AMPs) predicted from the human microbiome along with their 3D structures modeled
using various modeling and molecular dynamics approaches. It includes a total of 1087 unique
AMPs from various body sites, with 454 AMPs from the oral cavity, 180 AMPs from the
gastrointestinal tract, 42 AMPs from the skin, 12 AMPs from the airway, 6 AMPs from the
urogenital tract and 393 AMPs from undefined body locations. A scoring matrix has been
generated based on the similarity scores of the sequences that have been incorporated into the
Knowledge-base. Furthermore, a Jmol applet is included in the website to help users visualize the
3D structures.

Conclusion:

The information and functions of the Knowledge-base can offer great help in finding
novel antimicrobial drugs, especially towards finding inhibitors for drug-resistant bacteria. The
HAMP is freely available at https://bioserver.iiita.ac.in/amp/index.html.
Recent Patents for Space Docking Mechanism
Authors: Dai Ye , Gao Yu-Fei , Wen Wan-Jian
Published: August 2020

Background:

Space docking technology and space docking mechanism are indispensable
parts of modern complex spacecraft and important means to expand satellite functions in the future.
However, there is still some technology to be broken through in the research of their buffer and locking,
so that the docking mechanism can be better used in the future.

Objectives:

Through the introduction and discussion of the characteristics of space docking mechanism patents in recent
years, some valuable conclusions are summarized, and the future research and development of space docking mechanism
are prospected.

Methods:

This paper studied the patents of various docking mechanism, and summarized the patents and research
progress of docking mechanism in space.

Results:

With the development of space industry, docking mechanism has become more and more important. So the
docking mechanism are needed to achieve the replenishment for long-term spacecraft in orbit, personnel exchange,
spacecraft maintenance, and so on.

Conclusion:

By elaborating on the structural characteristics of the docking mechanism, the importance
of the docking mechanism is consulted for investigation. Through the comparison of these patents, it is
concluded that weak impact docking mechanism and electromagnetic docking mechanism are the main
development trends of docking institutions in the future.
Formulation of Nidana Panchaka in Breast Cancer
Authors: Peenikkal Dr.Seethal , Shenoy Dr.K.Savitha R. , K.A. Dr.Sri Nagesh
Published: August 2020

Breast Cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy among Indian woman currently. The current increase in the world wide prevalence of this disease suggests an urgent need of detailed analysis, diagnosis and treatment line through Ayurvedic principles. As cancer is least understood in technical terms of Ayurveda, Nidana Panchaka a basic tool to understand and diagnose a Vyadhi, is used to analyze it. Even though a direct diagnostic correlation of breast cancer is not available under the major Vyadhi classifications, it is possible to elicit and formulate Nidana Panchaka based on the references of Sthana Roga, Shopha, Granthi, Arbuda etc. The current article is an effort to formulate Nidana Panchaka for Breast Cancer, from the background of basic principles of Ayurveda, for a better analysis and diagnosis of the Vyadhi.
Conceptual study of malnutrition related diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bhirud Dr.Pallavi , Balasaheb Dr. Borase Jayaprakash
Published: August 2020

The Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes is commonly known as juvenile diabetes, because it typically strikes during childhood and sometimes adolescents, and young age group. Now in the whole world nearly about 24% of population is suffering from diseases. The first widely accepted classification of diabetes mellitus was published by WHO in 1980 named them as IDDM (type-1) and NIDDM (type-2) and Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) was introduced in 1985. In India Malnutrition has high prevalence rate Malnutrition during intrauterine and early childhood period may impair growth and development. This review provides an overview of Juvenile Diabetes in children with MRDM. The juvenile diabetes and MRDM is a palliative disease. It cannot be completely cured, but can be controlled by medication, food, Ayurvedic Chikitsa and Lifestyle Changes.
Mangement of Yuvana Pidaka using Mukha Lepa
Authors: Sebastian Dr.Annie , Pujar Dr.Muralidhar P. , Malik Dr. Meenakshi , Sharma Dr. Unique
Published: August 2020

Yuvana Pidaka (acne vulgaris) is one of the most common, troublesome and frustrating skin care problem for people around the world. It is caused by to Kapha, Vata and Rakta Dhatu involving Rasavaha and Raktavaha Srotas. Apart from others unhealthy life style is identified as the major reason behind the eruption of such lesions. It has adverse effect on self esteem of the subjects and decreases one’s self confidence. Present study tries to understand the therapeutic effect of Mukha Lepa - an external application of Manjishta, Chandana, Yastimadhu and Kushta over the face mixed with milk once every morning for fifteen days after Sadhyovirechana with Avipathi Churna. Study was conducted on ten subjects and assessed with the parameters like Ruja, Kandu, Daha, number and type of eruptions before and after the procedure. The response to the treatment was recorded and the therapeutic effect was evaluated by statistical tests. A considerable change in the complexion over the face of subjects was also noted. It is observed that this particular Lepa is beneficial in the treatment of Yuvana Pidaka apart from improving the complexion of the skin.
A Comparative Clinical Study of Vamana and Virechana in the management of Tamaka Swasa
Authors: Parida Dr. Akhilanath , Jena Dr.Satyasmita
Published: August 2020

In Tamaka Swasa there is condition of (1) Yapyatva (palliative) and (2) Chirakaritva (chronic) and (3) more Kshaya of Rasha Dhatus (decrease in the immunity) in this condition, the patient need a special type of management which can combated above three condition. Tamaka Swasa which is compared with Bronchial Asthma is a common problem and its prevalence is in all age groups irrespective of sex. Among five types of Swasa Roga, Tamaka Swasa is one of the most common and very well explained in Ayurvedic classics which can be compared with asthma in modern science. Mortality due to asthma is not comparable in size to the day today effect of the disease. Although largely avoidable, asthma tends to occur in epidemics and effect young people. The human and economic burden associated with this condition is severe. The study is carried out as a comparative study of Vamana and Virechana. In this Group (Group–A), Vamana was given to the patients. Total 15 patients were registered. In this Group (Group–B), patients were taken for Virechana. Total 15 patients were registered.
Similitudes entre los sectores siderúrgico e industrial en Argentina durante el período de la Convertibilidad
Authors: Jerez Patricia
Published: August 2020

Durante la aplicación del modelo de Convertibilidad (1991 y 2001) el sector industrial argentino se caracterizó por una mayor concentración de su actividad en grandes empresas, entre las cuales las de capital extranjero tuvieron una importante participación. A su vez, estas grandes firmas dieron cuenta de una considerable proporción del valor agregado industrial, ocupando el aumento de la productividad un rol importante en su determinación. Además, el cambio en la especialización productiva industrial observado en este período dio lugar a que el sector siderúrgico se encontrara entre los sectores manufactureros más dinámicos. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se pretende analizar si el sector siderúrgico asimiló los cambios adoptados por el sector industrial en su conjunto. En este sentido, se observa que durante los años bajo estudio hubo un elevado grado de concentración de la actividad siderúrgica en pocas empresas y un incremento de la productividad de las firmas líderes.
Los modelos de tributación en Latinoamérica y su incidencia en la desigualdad
Authors: Caro Arroyo Jose Miguel
Published: August 2020

Este artículo analiza, desde la teoría de la regulación francesa, los modelos de tributación en Latinoamérica y su incidencia en los modos de acumulación y la desigualdad. Para ello se estudian las estructuras tributarias de Argentina, Colombia y México. Luego se analizan tanto las formas institucionales como también los modos de regulación y su relación con los regímenes de acumulación. De allí se muestra que los Estados, dada su adhesión a un régimen internacional, no son los únicos actores en el diseño de sus políticas tributarias. Dado el interés en las transformaciones económicas globales y sus consecuentes modelos reguladores en el último siglo, este artículo aporta un marco de análisis para comprender la forma en que se establecen los modelos de tributación en Latinoamérica, sus razones y sus problemas.
Уменьшение обменного смещения, вызванное ростом эффективной толщины слоя меди в гетероструктурах NiFe/Cu/IrMn
Authors: Моргунов Р.Б. , Бахметьев М.В. , Таланцев А.Д.
Published: August 2020

In a series of NiFe/Cu/IrMn structures with variable effective thickness of the nonmagnetic copper interlayer (up to its absence in the NiFe/IrMn sample), decrease the exchange bias and coercivity caused by increase in the effective thickness of the copper layer is observed. Merger of copper islands at the 1 nm effective Cu thickness replaces direct exchange interaction between the ferromagnetic NiFe and antiferromagnetic IrMn to indirect exchange interaction provided by the conduction electrons through the copper layer NiFe-Cu-IrMn. The structural quality of single crystalline ferro- and antiferromagnetic layers does not undergo any change and magnetization reversal happens by coherent rotation of magnetization in the all analyzed temperature range 2 - 300 K. Simulation of the dynamics of Cu deposition demonstrates the island structure of the film at the initial stages up to effective thickness 1 nm.
Формирование гетероперехода II типа в полупроводниковой структуре InAsSb/InAsSbP
Authors: Романов В.В. , Иванов Э.В. , Моисеев К.Д.
Published: August 2020

The results of studying the electroluminescent and current-voltage characteristics of the n-InAs/n-InAsSb/p-InAsSbP heterostructure grown by gas-phase epitaxy from organometallic compounds are presented. Intense electroluminescence was detected in the spectral range 0.23–0.29 eV at the temperature T = 77 K. The position of the maximum of the main emission band (h ~ 0.24 eV) showed a noticeable “blue” shift with increasing applied forward bias. Based on the performed studies, it was concluded that there is a staggered type II heterojunction at the InAs0.84Sb0.16/InAs0.32Sb0.28P0.40 heterointerface, which is confirmed by the results of the calculation of the energy band diagram.
Парамагнитный резонанс ионов Cr-=SUP=-4+-=/SUP=- и Mn-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- в кристалле Li-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-CaSiO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Важенин В.А. , Шакуров Г.С. , Потапов А.П.
Published: August 2020

Tetragonal Cr4+ centers (3d2 electron configuration, spin S=1) in the Li2CaSiO4 crystal at different frequencies were detected and studied. The value of splitting at a zero magnetic field was determined. In the area where the positions of the two Cr4+ transitions coincide, the additional signal with inverse phase was observed. For uncontrolled impurity Mn2+ ions (S=I=5/2) the spin Hamiltonian parameters and localization are determined
Квантово-механический подход к определению энергии активации поверхностной диффузии
Authors: Штапенко Э.Ф. , Титаренко В.В. , Заблудовский В.А. , Воронков Е.О.
Published: August 2020

A quantum-mechanical approach is proposed for determining the activation energy of surface diffusion for adsorbed atoms of copper, nickel, zinc and iron on a copper substrate during electrocrystallization for various substrate overpotential. The calculation of the activation energy of surface diffusion is performed through the total energy of the crystal. An increase in the activation energy of surface diffusion with an increase in the surface potential is associated with an increase in the binding energy of the ad-atom with the substrate
Десорбция атомов калия, стимулированная электронным облучением системы K/K-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Au-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кузнецов Ю.А. , Лапушкин М.Н.
Published: August 2020

Electron-stimulated desorption of K atoms from the surface of potassium atoms on KxAuy was discovered. A KxAuy layer on a tungsten substrate with a gold film deposited on it with a thickness of not more than 5 atomic layers of gold. A quasi-resonant dependence on the energy of the exciting electrons of the electron-stimulated desorption was found. The quasi-resonance dependence is due to the excitation of core levels of Au 5p3/2 and Au 5p1/2. A model of electron-stimulated desorption of K atoms in the K/KxAuy system is proposed that adequately describes the processes that occur during electron-stimulated desorption of potassium atoms. The processes of electron-stimulated desorption excitation of potassium atoms occur at the K/KxAuy interface.
Образование нанометровых трещин и фрактолюминесценция при разрушении углеродной керамики
Authors: Веттегрень В.И. , Кадомцев А.Г. , Щербаков И.П. , Мамалимов Р.И. , Кулик В.Б.
Published: August 2020

Raman spectrum of the surface layer with a thickness of approximately 80 nm of a porous carbon ceramic was obtained (the porosity was used equal to 5%). Spectrum analysis showed that the ceramics contains crystals of silicon carbide - 6H-SiC and silicon. The destruction of ceramics by diamond microcrystals resulted in fractoluminescence (FL). Spectrum of FL contains two bands at 1.6 and 1.9 eV. The first band is formed by breaking down the silicon crystals, and the second band is formed by breaking down the 6H-SiC crystals. The time dependence of the intensity of FL signals with a time resolution of 2 ns is obtained. Three types of signals were observed: one type of signal is formed when the 6H-SiC crystals break down, the second type of signal is formed when the silicon crystals break down, and the third type of signal is formed when these crystals break down simultaneously. The appearance of signals is associated with the formation of cracks arising from the breaking down of the barriers formed at the intersection of slip planes of dislocations in silicon carbide and silicon crystals. The size of cracks in 6H-SiC is estimated: the smallest ones is 5.5 nm, and the largest is approximately 18 nm.
My Diabetes Coach, a Mobile App–Based Interactive Conversational Agent to Support Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: Randomized Effectiveness-Implementation Trial
Authors: Gong Enying , Baptista Shaira , Russell Anthony , Scuffham Paul , Riddell Michaela , Speight Jane , Bird Dominique , Williams Emily , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Oldenburg Brian
Published: August 2020

Background

Delivering self-management support to people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is essential to reduce the health system burden and to empower people with the skills, knowledge, and confidence needed to take an active role in managing their own health.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the adoption, use, and effectiveness of the My Diabetes Coach (MDC) program, an app-based interactive embodied conversational agent, Laura, designed to support diabetes self-management in the home setting over 12 months.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial evaluated both the implementation and effectiveness of the MDC program. Adults with type 2 diabetes in Australia were recruited and randomized to the intervention arm (MDC) or the control arm (usual care). Program use was tracked over 12 months. Coprimary outcomes included changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months, and analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models.

Results

A total of 187 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean 57 years, SD 10 years; 41.7% women) were recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention (n=93) and control (n=94) arms. MDC program users (92/93 participants) completed 1942 chats with Laura, averaging 243 min (SD 212) per person over 12 months. Compared with baseline, the mean estimated HbA1c decreased in both arms at 12 months (intervention: 0.33% and control: 0.20%), but the net differences between the two arms in change of HbA1c (−0.04%, 95% CI −0.45 to 0.36; P=.83) was not statistically significant. At 12 months, HRQoL utility scores improved in the intervention arm, compared with the control arm (between-arm difference: 0.04, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.07; P=.04).

Conclusions

The MDC program was successfully adopted and used by individuals with type 2 diabetes and significantly improved the users’ HRQoL. These findings suggest the potential for wider implementation of technology-enabled conversation-based programs for supporting diabetes self-management. Future studies should focus on strategies to maintain program usage and HbA1c improvement.

Trial Registration

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN) 12614001229662; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12614001229662
The Causality Inference of Public Interest in Restaurants and Bars on Daily COVID-19 Cases in the United States: Google Trends Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Asgari Mehrabadi Milad , Dutt Nikil , Rahmani Amir M
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected virtually every region in the world. At the time of this study, the number of daily new cases in the United States was greater than that in any other country, and the trend was increasing in most states. Google Trends provides data regarding public interest in various topics during different periods. Analyzing these trends using data mining methods may provide useful insights and observations regarding the COVID-19 outbreak.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to consider the predictive ability of different search terms not directly related to COVID-19 with regard to the increase of daily cases in the United States. In particular, we are concerned with searches related to dine-in restaurants and bars. Data were obtained from the Google Trends application programming interface and the COVID-19 Tracking Project.

METHODS

To test the causation of one time series on another, we used the Granger causality test. We considered the causation of two different search query trends related to dine-in restaurants and bars on daily positive cases in the US states and territories with the 10 highest and 10 lowest numbers of daily new cases of COVID-19. In addition, we used Pearson correlations to measure the linear relationships between different trends.

RESULTS

Our results showed that for states and territories with higher numbers of daily cases, the historical trends in search queries related to bars and restaurants, which mainly occurred after reopening, significantly affected the number of daily new cases on average. California, for example, showed the most searches for restaurants on June 7, 2020; this affected the number of new cases within two weeks after the peak, with a P value of .004 for the Granger causality test.

CONCLUSIONS

Although a limited number of search queries were considered, Google search trends for restaurants and bars showed a significant effect on daily new cases in US states and territories with higher numbers of daily new cases. We showed that these influential search trends can be used to provide additional information for prediction tasks regarding new cases in each region. These predictions can help health care leaders manage and control the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on society and prepare for its outcomes.
Attitudes and Perceptions Toward COVID-19 Digital Surveillance: Survey of Young Adults in the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Maytin Lauren , Maytin Jason , Agarwal Priya , Krenitsky Anna , Krenitsky JoAnn , Epstein Robert S
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 is an international health crisis of particular concern in the United States, which saw surges of infections with the lifting of lockdowns and relaxed social distancing. Young adults have proven to be a critical factor for COVID-19 transmission and are an important target of the efforts to contain the pandemic. Scalable digital public health technologies could be deployed to reduce COVID-19 transmission, but their use depends on the willingness of young adults to participate in surveillance.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of young adults regarding COVID-19 digital surveillance, including which aspects they would accept and which they would not, as well as to determine factors that may be associated with their willingness to participate in digital surveillance.

METHODS

We conducted an anonymous online survey of young adults aged 18-24 years throughout the United States in June 2020. The questionnaire contained predominantly closed-ended response options with one open-ended question. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data.

RESULTS

Of 513 young adult respondents, 383 (74.7%) agreed that COVID-19 represents a public health crisis. However, only 231 (45.1%) agreed to actively share their COVID-19 status or symptoms for monitoring and only 171 (33.4%) reported a willingness to allow access to their cell phone for passive location tracking or contact tracing.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite largely agreeing that COVID-19 represents a serious public health risk, the majority of young adults sampled were reluctant to participate in digital monitoring to manage the pandemic. This was true for both commonly used methods of public health surveillance (such as contact tracing) and novel methods designed to facilitate a return to normal (such as frequent symptom checking through digital apps). This is a potential obstacle to ongoing containment measures (many of which rely on widespread surveillance) and may reflect a need for greater education on the benefits of public health digital surveillance for young adults.
Geographic Distribution of Mental Health Problems Among Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Nationwide, Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Shuman , Zhang Yi , Li Shiyue , Ma Le , Yu Yizhen , Sun Guilong , Li Tingting , Tao Fangbiao
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the COVID-19 outbreak was first reported, considerable attention has been drawn to mental health problems among college students.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students in different geographical areas of China during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak.

METHODS

A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese college students of 16 provinces or municipalities from February 4 to 12, 2020. A web-based survey was adopted to collect information from these college students, including demographics, perceived risk of infection, attitudes toward the epidemic and its control, and mental health status. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of perceived risk of infection and attitude toward COVID-19 among college students in different geographic locations. Binary logistic models were used to identify associations between geographic locations and mental health problems after controlling for covariates.

RESULTS

A total of 11,787 participants were analyzed in this study (response rate: 79.7%). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students was 17.8% (95% CI 17.1%-18.5%) and 25.9% (95% CI 25.1%-26.7%), respectively. After controlling for covariates, current residence area in Wuhan city was found to have a positive association with anxiety symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.68) and depressive symptoms (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09-1.59). Similarly, college location in Wuhan city was found to have a positive association with anxiety symptoms (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35) and depressive symptoms (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.36). History of residence in or travel to Wuhan city in the past month was also positively associated with anxiety symptoms (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.46-1.80) and depressive symptoms (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.35-1.63). Furthermore, the perceived risk of COVID-19 was higher among students whose college location and current residence area were in Wuhan city, and it was positively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems among Chinese college students were widespread and geographically diverse. Our study results provide further insight for policymakers to develop targeted intervention strategies.
Evaluating Identity Disclosure Risk in Fully Synthetic Health Data: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: El Emam Khaled , Mosquera Lucy , Bass Jason
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

There has been growing interest in data synthesis for enabling the sharing of data for secondary analysis; however, there is a need for a comprehensive privacy risk model for fully synthetic data: If the generative models have been overfit, then it is possible to identify individuals from synthetic data and learn something new about them.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a methodology for evaluating the identity disclosure risks of fully synthetic data.

METHODS

A full risk model is presented, which evaluates both identity disclosure and the ability of an adversary to learn something new if there is a match between a synthetic record and a real person. We term this “meaningful identity disclosure risk.” The model is applied on samples from the Washington State Hospital discharge database (2007) and the Canadian COVID-19 cases database. Both of these datasets were synthesized using a sequential decision tree process commonly used to synthesize health and social science data.

RESULTS

The meaningful identity disclosure risk for both of these synthesized samples was below the commonly used 0.09 risk threshold (0.0198 and 0.0086, respectively), and 4 times and 5 times lower than the risk values for the original datasets, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We have presented a comprehensive identity disclosure risk model for fully synthetic data. The results for this synthesis method on 2 datasets demonstrate that synthesis can reduce meaningful identity disclosure risks considerably. The risk model can be applied in the future to evaluate the privacy of fully synthetic data.
COVID-19: The Impact on Internal Medicine Residency Training (Preprint)
Authors: Lara Garcia Odalys Estefania , Sawalha Khalid , Madrid Suarez Oswaldo Aristides , Salih Mohsin , Bhattarai Mukul , Robinson Robert , Al-Akchar Mohammad
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic outreach has not only affected the care we provide to patients, but also the way our residents are trained, especially internal medicine residents.
We review the current challenges and changes that have taken place in the education of internal medicine residents. Proposed solutions are discussed.
CELASTROL NANOEMULGEL FORMULATION AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TEST
Authors: ABDULLAH NUR ALAM , JUFRI MAHDI , MUNIM ABDUL , SAPUTRI FADLINA CHANY
Published: August 2020

Objective: To obtain formulations of Celastrol (Cst) nanoemulgel via transdermal route. Celastrol is classified in BCS 4 class as an anti-inflammatory drug. These routes are considered to reduce the risk of Celastrol side effects and have the same characteristics as skin morphology.

Methods: Celastrol nanoemulgel was prepared by a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) technique. To find the optimum nanoemulsion area by using the Chemix 7.00 ternary phase program. Celastrol nanoemulgel was evaluated by measuring the particle size, PDI, morphology, zeta potential, stability tests and in vitro using Franz diffusion cell

Results: Results showed the ideal formula based on the ternary phase diagram using chemix 7.00 is oil: smix: water (5:45:50), with particle size 89.9±5 nm, PDI 0.1, and zeta-21 mV. The morphological shape is quite spherical ≤ 100±5 nm. The pH value of this formula is 4.5, which compatible with the pH of the skin. The highest recovery rate of Celastrol and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were formulas 3 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml, with EE 91.70% and 94.54%, respectively. In vitro test results showed that the formula 3 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml give better penetration results than the formula 2.5 μg/ml. Thus, Celastrol nanoemulgel formula has good potential to be developed as a transdermal anti-inflammatory drug.

Conclusion: Transdermal nanoemulgel containing Celastrol has been successfully developed with particle size ≤ 200±2 nm.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF BERBERINE IN AMELIORATING DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-HIGH FAT DIET MODEL IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: BANDAWANE DEEPTI D. , MOOLIYA SHRUTI B. , JADHAV SHAILAJA B.
Published: August 2020

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a serious, complex metabolic disorder and growing health threat disease in the world. Berberine, one of the main constituent in Rhizoma coptidis is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. Potential of berberine in the management of diabetic complications, namely diabetic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, is however, not yet explored. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to explore the potential of berberine for the management of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy in high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.

Methods: Rats were fed a high-fat diet for 4 w followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Animals were divided in five groups. Berberine was given orally in two different dose levels (75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) for 28 d. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was used as a standard antidiabetic drug. At the end of the study, parameters evaluated includes glycemic profile, lipid profile, left ventricular indices, urinary protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and cardiac antioxidants. Histopathology of kidney and pancreas was carried out.

Results: Berberine treated groups showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated Hb, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urinary total proteins, whereas there was a significant improvement in serum insulin, liver glycogen, skeletal muscle glycogen and cardiac antioxidant enzymes.

Conclusion: Present study indicated that berberine shows a protective role in diabetes-associated renal and cardiovascular complications.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF NON-DIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN RELATION TO ITS SEVERITY
Authors: BEHERA BIBHU PRASAD
Published: August 2020

Objective: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a silent epidemic of the 21st century. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with CKD. This study aims to evaluate the type of dyslipidemia in CKD patients and correlates with the severity of renal dysfunction in CKD patients.

Methods: The observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, PRM MCH, Baripada between May 2018 and January 2019. 262 patients of CKD above 15 y of age, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study.

Results: Out of 262 patients, 64.50% (169) were male and 35.50% (93) were females with M: F of 1.8:1. The age range was from 20 to 95. The average age of the patients in the study was 56.66+12.22 y. 45.04 % (118) of the patients were between 46 and 60 y of age. 68.70% of the patients had dyslipidemia. The comparison between lipid profiles of cases and controls showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and decrease in HDL.

Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in non-diabetic CKD is high. A high degree of abnormality is found in HDL with disease progression, which is statistically significant. Therefore, maintenance of desired lipid levels either through diet or early initiation of lipid-lowering drugs can be helpful in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular complications in CKD patients.
PRESCRIPTION PATTERN AND USAGE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS FOR TREATING DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: RAJESH DASARAJU , ADVAITHA M. V. , HOLLA RAJENDRA
Published: August 2020

Objective: Due to the uncertainty about optimal antibiotic treatment, and probably substantial variation in practice, the present study was carried out to determine the bacterial profiles of infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and also to analyze the prescribing pattern of antibiotics used.

Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the department of General surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Mangalore. Demographic details and treatment data of 78 patients were collected in a specially designed Proforma, and the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.

Results: According to Meggit-Wagner's classification, patients admitted with DFUs predominantly belonged to WAGNER 1 category (36%), followed by WAGNER 4 (26%) and WAGNER 2 (22%) categories. Out of 66 culture-positive specimens, 21 (31.8%) had monomicrobial flora, and 45 (68.2%) had polymicrobial flora. A total of 148 organisms were obtained from the specimens. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (22.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.5%). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotic (29%), followed by linezolid (20%), piperacillin-tazobactam (20%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (11%). After the culture and sensitivity (C/S) results, antimicrobials were changed in 74.61% of patients in the preference of Linezolid (51%), Amikacin (27%), Levofloxacin (19%), Ciprofloxacin (17%), Piperacillin-tazobactam (13%), Cefixime (15%), Ceftriaxone (11%) among others. Clindamycin and metronidazole were used to cover anaerobic microorganisms.

Conclusion: Most of the microorganisms isolated from DFUs were resistant to many types of antibiotics. Gram-positive organisms were largely sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin, while Gram-negative organisms to amikacin and imipenem. Local treatment of wounds is essential.
JAŠA TOMIĆ ‒ POLITIKA I IDEOLOGIJA
Authors: Vasin Goran , Ninkovic Nenad
Published: August 2020

Srbi u Habzburškoj monarhiji imali su u Jaši Tomiću jednog od najznačajnijih političkih predstavnika sa kraja 19. i početka 20. veka. Tomićeve političke koncepcije, ideje i delatnost su od esencijalnog značaja za razumevanje srpskog pitanja u Habzburškoj monarhiji. Beskompromisan borac, rečit, oštrog pera i izraza Tomić nije štedeo svoje političke protivnike i suparnike. Od sredine 80. ih godina 19 veka, sve do Ujedinjenja 1918, možemo analizirati stotine njegovih političkih tekstova o položaju Srba u Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, južnoj Ugarskoj, na Ugarskom saboru ili o dešavanjima na srpskom crkveno-narodnom saboru kao najvažnijoj instituciji crkveno-školske autonomije. Tomićev odnos prema Crkvi posebno je važan. Beskompromisni antiklerikalac, socijalista po ubeđenju naneo je dosta štete ugledu Karlovačke mitropolije, o čemu su sačuvani mnogobrojni podaci. Njegova srpska politička koncepcija koja je u punoj meri došla do izražaja tokom Balkanskih ratova, gde je svakodnevno izveštavao, davala je novi duh i budila iznova Srbe u Habzburškoj monarhiji. Ujedinjenje Srba iz Habzburške monarhije sa Kraljevinom Srbijom kruna je njegove političke karijere koja je na taj način dobila i simbolički smisao ‒ ispunjenje srpske zavetne misli o kojoj su decenijama sanjali Srbi iz Habzburške monarhije.
THE PROSPECTS FOR INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: A LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tosiek Piotr
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the article is to determine the probability of institutional reforms resulting from the debate on EU future held as a part of the “Conference on the Future of Europe” initiated in 2020. In the theoretical dimension, the analysis is based on the application of the liberal intergovernmentalist approach with its three assumptions: the strict categorization of intergovernmental decision-making built on the triad ‘preferences-negotiations-institutions’, the concept of demoicracy, and the need for differentiated integration. On this basis, three hypotheses for each reform are presented and verified, which leads to determination of their possible implementation. The main thought is the statement that, when adopting the liberal intergovernmentalism, the EU will remain an intergovernmental organization, founded on societies organized in nation states, but at the same time internally differentiated in terms of the quality of membership.
RELACIONAMENTO COM O GOVERNO E INFORMAÇÃO PRIVILEGIADA: O CASO DA JBS NO MERCADO DE CAPITAIS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Beal Partyka Raul , Bergmann Bruno , Marcon Rosilene
Published: August 2020

Este caso para ensino retrata uma das práticas contra o sistema financeiro, condenada claramente pelas ótimas práticas de governança corporativa. Refere-se à compra de dólares no mercado futuro realizada pela JBS às vésperas da divulgação do diálogo entre Joesley e o ex-presidente Michel Temer. O objetivo do caso é estimular o debate sobre as práticas de governança corporativa, verificar o relacionamento de empresas e governo, e de que forma essa relação pode afetar o país e como a informação privilegiada causa impactos no mercado financeiro. Os dados sobre a origem, a história da empresa e os dados econômicos foram obtidos por meio do website da companhia, matérias de revistas, livros e sites. O roteiro, os acontecimentos e a reação da economia e do mercado financeiro, são fatos. O presente caso mostra como o governo e as empresas podem se relacionar no Brasil, via alinhamento de interesses, e a partir disso de que forma que as empresas que possuem informação privilegiada impactam no mercado financeiro e na economia do país. Além disso, o caso contribui para o debate de governança corporativa fornecendo mais um caso de companhias abertas e o estreitamento de relações com o governo.
RACIONALIDADES E AMBIVALÊNCIAS DA GESTÃO CULTURAL
Authors: Carmo Adriana Almeida do , Ferreira CLÁUDIA Aparecida Avelar , Teodósio Armindo dos Santos de Sousa
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi trazer apontamentos e reflexões acerca da gestão cultural a partir das racionalidades e seus paradoxos, vivenciados por um gestor cultural através da autoetnografia. Na gestão cultural há prevalência da racionalidade substantiva, entretanto, não se pode negar a importância das demais racionalidades: comunicativa e instrumental, para atingimento dos objetivos propostos. O estudo traz as ambivalências a que o gestor do campo da cultura está submetido e subordinado (ambiente externo) e demais complexidades da área, como a prestação de contas e enfatiza como a memória é substancial para a utilização dessa metodologia. O estudo aponta, também, a importância da cultura nos territórios periféricos.
Diversidade étnico-racial, formação e trabalho docente
Authors: Martins Elcimar Simão , Pimenta Selma Garrido
Published: August 2020

O artigo busca compreender as relações que docentes das áreas de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática estabelecem entre diversidade étnico-racial, formação e trabalho no contexto de escolas de Ensino Médio de Acarape e Redenção, no Maciço de Baturité/CE. Metodologicamente, a investigação de abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se do estudo de caso e desenvolveu-se por meio de entrevistas com doze docentes. O conjunto de dados revelou possibilidades de diálogo entre a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e as áreas de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática, o que pode contribuir para que os docentes desenvolvam uma educação emancipatória, com visão crítica da própria formação e do seu trabalho nas escolas. Os resultados sinalizaram, ainda, a necessidade de superar questões ligadas ao preconceito e às diversas formas de discriminação, mas também sugerem possibilidades. Urge, portanto, o favorecimento de uma pedagogia antirracista, a valorização do universo das culturas tradicionais e o combate às diversas práticas discriminatórias.