bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of geospatial variability of fluoride contamination in ground water of Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Rawat K. S. , Mishra A. K. , Sehgal V. K.
Published: April 2018

Groundwater is one of the major sources of water in arid and semi-arid regions. Groundwater quality data and its spatial distribution are important for the purpose of planning and management. Geo-statistical methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this study, kriging methods were used for predicting the spatial distribution of fluoride content in groundwater. Data were collected from 13 wells in Mathura district (Uttar Pradesh, India). After normalization of data, semivariogram was drawn, for selecting suitable model for fitness on experimental semivariogram, less residual sum of squares (RSS) value was used. Then fluoride endemic areas of the Mathura District (study area) were identified from developed semivariogram model and Geospatial variability (high and low fluoride containing areas) map was generated with the help of GeographicInformation System. In the analysis, spatial distribution characteristics and variation of fluoride concentration in shallow groundwater found to be 3.4 and 4.6 mg/l at Sahar, Shahpur were higher than the standard limits (1.5 mg/l) of drinking water and shows remarkable spatial variability.
Infectivity of nematode parasites of the common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) Frost et al., 2006 (Anura: Bufonidae) from different localities of Aurangabad
Authors: Jamdar Sujeet , Shinde Kishor , Hiware C. J.
Published: April 2018

The common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Schneider, 1799) Frost et al., 2006 from Aurangabad was found to harbor three species of nematodes; Oswaldocruzia goezei (Skrjabin and Schulz, 1952), Trichuris globusa (V. Linstow, 1901, Ransom, 1911), Oxysomatium macintoshii (Karve, 1927). Among all the parasites, Trichuris globulosa represents the accidental new host record for D. melanostictus in Maharashtra.
Analysis of avian-biodiversity in rural wetland environs in Panipat district in Haryana, India
Authors: Gupta Rohtash Chand , Kaushik Tirshem Kumar , Gupta Prem Kumari
Published: April 2018

The present study has observed 67 species of wetland birds, belonging to, 10 orders and 18 families from rural wetland Environs in Panipat district located at a distance of 90 KMs north of Delhi on National Highway No.1 (29.39°N 76.97°E) in Haryana, India. Out of 67 species, 35 species were winter migrants, 18 residents, 10 local migrants and four species were summer migrants. Peculiar species of birds recorded in Panipat rural ponds are Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus, Asian openbill- Stork Anastomusoscitans, Lesser Adjutant Stork Leptoptilos javanicus, Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, Oriental White Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa, Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus, Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia, Brahminy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea, Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos, Tufted Pochard Aythya fuligula and Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus. On the other hand, familiar species include amongst others, Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus, Common Coot Fulica atra, Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata, Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Common Teal Anas crecca, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Gadwall Anas strepera and Lesser-whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica etc. Longest stay during winter season was demonstrated by birds like Northern Shoveller, Northern Pintail, Bar-headed Goose, Greylag Goose and Rudy Shelduck, whereas shortest winter sojourn was observed in case of Mallard, Eurasian Wigeon and Common Pochard. It is interesting to note that migratory birds like Northern Shoveller, Northern Pintail, Common Teal, Bar-headed Goose, Tufted Pochard, and Common Pochard come to Panipat rural ponds from very far off places like Central Russia, Caspian USSR, Siberia, Ladhakh and Central Asia, West and Central Asia and Siberia respectively.
Study of Caryophyllidean (Capingentidae: Pseudobatrachus) tapeworms of fresh water fishes of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, India: Part-III
Authors: Sahu V. K.
Published: April 2018

Presently eight species are reported from the World in the genus, Pseudobatrachus, Pathak and Srivastav, 2005 i.e. P. chandrai Pathak and Srivastav, 2005; P. moolchandrai Srivastav et al, 2006; P. chandlaensis Sahu, 2007; P. madhyapradeshensis, Khare, 2008; P. chhatrasali Sahu et al, 2009; P. Sengarii Singh, 2009; P. kenensis Srivastav et al, 2010 and P. ramchandrai, Srivastav and Aditya, 2010. The present form is the ninth one from the Indian subcontinent as well as from the whole world and differs on the basis of various morphometric character viz. size of worm, size and shape of scolex, presence of bothridea and grooved rostellum, size of neck, size and number of testes, size of cirrus pouch, presence of internal seminal vesicle, size of ovary and shape of ovarian lobes, size of vitellaria and their distribution, presence of receptaculum seminis, size of uterus, size and type of eggs and their hosts. The caryophyllidean is unique among cestoidea in having monopleuroide body plane, i.e. without internal or external proglottidization and with a single set of reproductive organ. Thus it is provisionally accommodated as P. ramsagarensis n. sp.
Allelopathy effect of aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum, Ageratum conyzoides and Parthenium hysterophorus on the seed germination and seedling vigour of Chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L.) in vitro
Authors: Devi Oinam Ibetombi , Dutta Biman Kumar , Choudhury P.
Published: April 2018

In present study the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum, Ageratum conyzoides and Parthenium hysterophorus was observed on the seed germination of Chickpea in vitro (Cicer arietinum.L.).Seed germination was found to be inhibited in all the leaf extract concentrations used i.e. 2%,4%,6%,8% and 10%. However higher inhibition was observed in the 10% leaf extract of the test plants (i.e. Cl. viscosum, Ag. conyzoides and P. hysterophorus). In compare to all allelopathic plants extracts more inhibition was found in P. hysterophorus leaf extract followed by Cl. viscosum and Ag. conyzoides. Higher inhibition of radical and plumule growth of the Chickpea seeds was found with the increase in concentration of the leaf extracts used. Percentage of germination of Chickpea seeds was found to be low in 10% concentration whereas in untreated seeds it was found to be more.
Immune response and status of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) affected fishes Channa punctatus and Clarias magur
Authors: Laharia Reena
Published: April 2018

In Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) affected Channa punctatus and Clarias magur, the serum total proteins were decreased by 24.63% and 38.75% respectively along with A:G ratio. During immune response, the antibodies produced were found to be positively exponential with the amount of antigens (bacteria, fungus and viruses). The present changes may be because of the changing environmental conditions especially temperature fluctuations producing stress conditions in the fishes.
Phytotoxic effect of chrome liquor on growth and chlorophyll content of Spirodela polyrrhiza L. Schleid
Authors: Singh Asha , Malaviya Piyush
Published: April 2018

The present study assessed the tolerance of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid (giant duckweed) exposed to different concentrations (5% -100%) of chrome liquor for 7 days. Physiological conditions of S.polyrrhizaplants were monitored daily by measuring fresh weight and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Fresh biomass of Spirodela plant showed concentration and duration dependent reduction with minimum value (5.71 g) reported on 7 d at 100% tannery effluent concentration. Likewise, significant reduction in chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content wasobserved in concentration-duration dependent manner with maximum reduction reported to be 99.8% and 99.6% respectively on 7 d at 100% effluent concentration in comparison to control.
Impact of water quality attributes and comparative study of icthyofaunal diversity of Asan lake and River Asan
Authors: Khanna D. R. , Ishaq Fouzia
Published: April 2018

The present study reported a total of 28 taxa with six families from Asan lake whereas only 18 taxa were reported from river Asan in Doon valley. The families identified were Cyprinidae, Chandadae, Belonidae, Cobitididae, Mastacembellidae, and Sisoridae. The impact of water quality parameters was quite evident on the fish diversity and density of Asan Lake and River Asan. Correlation between hydrological attributes showed good relationship in Asan lake and these parameters were found to be the most important variables in shaping fish assemblage.However, in River Asan the effect of physico-chemical factors were significant on fish diversity. The study showed that Asan lake supported considerable diversity of the fishes and is important for conservation. Its fish fauna is threatened being either vulnerable or endangered. The low fish diversity in river Asan indicated the disturbed habitat and ecological conditions of the river and the data generated from it would be useful for conservation planning and management and also for future assessment of this river.
Biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost as sources of plant nutrients for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Selvamurugan M. , Doraisamy P. , Maheswari M.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost in various proportions with inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes, yield, oil and protein content of groundnut at Research and Development Farm of M/s. Bhavani Distilleries and Chemicals Ltd., T. Pudur, Thimiri, Tamil Nadu. Results of the field experiment revealed that yield and yield attributes viz., number of matured pods, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage of groundnut were improved by the application of biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost compared to recommended NPK as chemical fertilizers. One-time pre-sown application of BDS @ 100 m3ha-1 along with recommended NP in groundnut registered higher pod, grain and haulm yield of 1774, 1272 and 4668 kg ha-1, respectively and the increase was to the tune of 35.83, 43.57 and 46.01 per cent, respectively over control. Similar to yield, BDS application increased the protein and oil content of groundnut kernels significantly. The net returns and benefit cost ratio of sugarcane were also as high as Rs.19,612 ha-1 and 1.90 for the treatment that received pre-sown application of BDS @ 100 m3ha-1 along with recommended NP as compared to control of Rs.19,612 ha-1 and 1.38, respectively. This concludes that the biomethanated distillery spentwash can be conveniently used as source of plant nutrients for groundnut.
Antibacterial activity of actinomycetes against bacterial pathogens of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Saraswathi M. , Mallikarjuna N.
Published: April 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), a major complication in Type 2 diabetes are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. To screen various bacterial pathogens present in diabetic foot ulcers and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity to actinomycetes isolated from various fields of Chandragiri, Tirupati, twenty four actinomycetes isolates were isolated and screened by primary and secondary screening methods to determine potent antibiotic producers by using test organisms. Among 24 isolates, 4 were more potent and they showed varied range of antibacterial activity of pathogens, isolated form diabetic foot ulcers. Four isolates were compared with lenezoid antibiotic. Enterococcus was resistant to lenezoid antibiotic but four actinomycetes inhibited the growth of Enterococi.
Antipseudomonal property of honey and aminoglycosides
Authors: Chauhan P. B. , Desai P.B.
Published: April 2018

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has an ability to rapidly develop resistance to most antimicrobial compounds, and to check this ability. The isolates were collected from different pathological human sources and tested for their sensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotic and to honey, a natural product that is generating renewed interest for its therapeutic application using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Aminoglycoside antibiotic which is normally active against gram-negative bacteria was used alongside honey. The 29 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed 100%sensitivity to honey tested in their undiluted form. This was not the case with gentamicin (10?g) and amikacin (30 ?g), both of which varied in their antipseudomonal activity, like even 1:2 aqueous dilution of honey appreciably inhibited pseudomonal isolates than either of the two aminoglycoside antibiotic. Honey is therefore suggested as an effective natural product in overcoming the widespread antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa.
Grazing management in temperate grassland of Kumaun Himalaya for soil water conservation
Authors: Prakash Prem
Published: April 2018

Overgrazing by livestock has caused major changes in the productivity and composition of rangeland vegetation in India. The main problem stems from the fact that the carrying capacity of rangelands is low as a result of low vegetation cover, and is decreasing with range degradation. This has an impact on land degradation which affects the rangeland hydrology. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the physio-hydrological responses of soil to different intensities of livestock grazing and land management by comparing the effect of uncontrolled grazed land and fenced off (ungrazed) land. There is a need to understand the hydrology of rangeland so as to propose ways of improving carrying capacity of rangeland. The study site had two different treatments: fenced off to prevent grazing, and uncontrolled grazed treatments. Plant biomass was measured at the end of the season. The results showed that there is a significant difference in infiltration rate and soil moisture among the two treatments. Infiltration rates were substantially greater in summer than in winter. On day 1 the steady infiltration rate in summer was twice the winter rate. The infiltration rate in summer on day 2, which is a better measure of the steady rate, was 2.5 times the winter rate. The differences between seasons were statistically very significant (p < 0.001). The effect of treatments on soil moisture was proportional to the effect of vegetation, as well as the effect of soil type on soil moisture, thus vegetation production depends on soil moisture.
Study of health and nutritional status of the workers working in knitting industry located at Kanpur, India
Authors: Tiwari Meenaxi , Babel Sudha
Published: April 2018

Knitting industry occupies a pivotal position in the economic dynamism of various countries. The workers in the knitting industry suffer from various types of health risk factors. The risk in the knitting industry is higher and the ability to control it is lower. The majority of the problems are due to poor work environment, manual work condition and long hours of static working posture in the knitting industry. The present study was conducted to study the health and nutritional status of the workers in knitting industry, located in the city Kanpur, India. Body mass index (BMI) technique was used to study the health and nutritional status of the workers. The 300 workers of knitting industry from four different sectors (spinning, knitting, dyeing, and printing) of the industry who worked in a knitting sector were randomly selected from each unit of industry. The anthropometric measurements viz., height in cm, weight in kg of each respondent was recorded. The results revealed that the selected sample was suffering from occupational stress and health problems. Out of total 300 workers, majority of the respondents (22.00%) were in CED Grade III (Severe) category followed by 16.00% in CED grade IV (Moderate), 14.00% in low weight normal, 12.00% in CED Grade I (Mild), 11.00% in obese grade I and 10.00% in obese grade II. Only 17.00% respondents were observed under normal nutritional status. Thus, the respondents were suffering from occupational stress and health problems.
Effect of liquid Biofertilizer (Vrikshayurveda) prepared from Brassica alba on the cultivation of rice
Authors: Sinha Anjan Kumar , Mishra P. K.
Published: April 2018

Brassica alba, one of the very anciently well known plants, was used as biofertilizer long time before. Pot culture technique was introduced and three different pots were prepared. Plants of first pot provided only normal dose of urea, in second pot additionally 10% B. alba liquid manure sprayed along with the normal dose of urea. Third pot was provided with blue green algal fertilization and 10% of B. alba liquid manure. Various parameters like plant height, leaf length, leaf number and inflorescence length were evaluated in test culture receiving differentdose of urea and bio-fertilizer. In pot-1, plant height, length of inflorescence, grain yield , husk yield , grains per panicle , number of panicle per plant and weight of 1000 grains was found to be 84.30 cm, 19.50 cm, 2800 kgha-1, 4300 kgha-1, 42 grains per panicle, 4 panicle and 24.80 gm respectively, whereas in pot-2 plant height, length of inflorescence, grain yield, husk yield, grains per panicle, number of panicle per plant and weight of 1000 grains was found to be 98.50 cm, 21.40 cm, 3700 kgha-1 ,5600 kgha-1, 56 grains, 6 panicle and 29.30 gm respectively and in test pot-3, plant height, length of inflorescence, grain yield, husk yield, grains per panicle, number of panicle per plant and weight of 1000 grains was found to be 112.80 cm, 24.30 cm, 3850 kg ha-1, 5630 kgha-1, 60 grain per panicle, 6 panicle, and 30.60 gm respectively. The results clearly indicated that in comparison to urea, B. alba treated paddy plant performed higher plant height, higher yield production, higher husk production, larger number of grain per panicle and panicle length and higher grain weight.
Growth promotion of rice seedlings by fungal and bacterial bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight of rice
Authors: Gangwar Gokil Prasad
Published: April 2018

In the present investigation, fungal and bacterial bioagents which were effective against pathogen of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) was tested for their effect on germination of rice seeds and growth of nursery seedlings under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. Two isolates of fluorescent pseudomonas isolated from rice phylloplane (Pf 83 and FLP 88), Trichoderma species were isolated from soil of rice field (isolate 40) and Trichoderma harzianum isolated from rice phylloplane. Two commercial formulations (PBA-1 and PBA-2) were tested in the present investigation and compared with chemical treatment (0.76 g Emison + 0.18 g Streptocycline / kg seeds) and untreated check. Under laboratory conditions, chemical treatment was found most effective in increasing seed germination (43.90%) followed by Pf 83 and PBA-1 (34.15 %). Bioagent formulations were significantly effective in increase in root and shoot length as compared to check and chemical treatment. Under glasshouse conditions, maximum increase (29.42%) in seedlings emergence was exhibited by chemical treatment. Maximum increase in root length (100.15%) and shoot length (50.06%) was recorded with FLP 88 and T. harzianum, respectively. Bioagent formulations also increased fresh and dry root weight over check and chemical treatment. All bioagents formulations were effective over chemical treatment and check in increasing fresh shoot weight. Results of the present study revealed that in the absence of pathogen of bacterial leaf blight of rice, fungal and bacterial bioagents significantly enhanced germination of rice seeds and growth of nursery seedlings.
Translocation and enrichment of heavy metals in Brassica juncea grown in Paper mill effluent irrigated soil
Authors: Pathak Chakresh , Chopra A. K. , Srivastava Sachin , Thakur Deepika
Published: April 2018

The present study observed the accumulation of heavy metals in Brassica juncea irrigated with paper mill effluent (PME) and control Bore well water (BWW). The soil was treated to five rates of effluents viz. 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/Kg soil. It was revealed 100% PME irrigation of soil increased Pb (+46.44%), Cr (+83.21%), Ni (+38.43%) and Cd (+78.92%). The enrichment factor (Ef) for Cr and Cd showed moderate enrichment with 10% to 75% PME irrigated soil, except Cr (5.96) which showed significant enrichment with 100% PME irrigated soil. Ef value for Pb and Ni showed deficiency to mineral enrichment with different concentrations of PME irrigated soil. The maximum accumulation of Pb (42.66±2.05 mg/kg), Cr (39.80±5.95 mg/kg), Ni (88.64±11.29 mg/kg) and Cd (5.85±0.29 mg/kg) were recorded in leaves of B. juncea, while that of Pb (43.85±3.46 mg/kg), Cr (48.59±3.81 mg/kg), Cd (6.74±1.22 mg/kg) with 100% and Ni (74.93±2.54 mg/kg) were recorded with 75% PME after 60 days in roots of the B. juncea. Ef value was found maximum for Cr (5.08) in leaves and for Pb (6.64) in roots, while the Translocation factor (Tf) was found maximum for Pb (2.45) in root of the crop irrigated with PME. The use of PME with proper dilution and with the metallic concentrations in permissible limit can be used as biofertigant for irrigation of B. juncea.
An overview on floral diversity of Arawali forest: A potential source for natural dyes
Authors: Mogra Dolly
Published: April 2018

The present study presents an overview on floral diversity and identifies Non-timber Forest Products (NTFP) that can be used as Natural Dye sources in textile sector. This was a descriptive study; Historical, as well as current data was collected through surveys and interviews. Individual and focus group interviews with tribal members were conducted to gather information regarding details of forest proximity. This collective study indicates that the Aravalli hill ranges constitute the most dominant hilly area of Rajasthan. Most of the forests are over the hilly areas i.e. in Udaipur, Rajasamand, Kota, Baran Sawai Madhopur, Chittorgarh, Sirohi, Bundi, Alwar, Jhalawar and Banswara districts, which make up for about 50 per cent of the forests of the state. Khakara, semal, rohida, gadha palash, mokha, marod phalli, davai, van gulab etc. are identified as red chroma, amaltash, awla, gundhi, babool etc.are identified as yellow and related chroma. Forests are major components of the earth’s natural resources and they are increasingly critical to the welfare of the economy, environment, and population. Gum products, starch products, antimicrobial resources, paper industry products may be collected from hilly forest areas and can be easily adopted at cottage level for gainful employment of tribal women.
Effect of elicitors on physiomorphological and biochemical parameters of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and rapeseed (B. napus)
Authors: Thakur Meenakshi , Sohal B.S.
Published: April 2018

The present investigation was aimed to assess the effect of different concentrations of elicitors viz., salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) on physiomorphological and biochemical parameters of Brassica juncea and B. napus cultivars. The field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Four different treatments of elicitors and a fungicide treatment were given to 10 week old plants up to four consecutive weeks. Content of total soluble protein, free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars ofleaves of both B. juncea and B. napus were evaluated after each spray. The content of total soluble protein increased, whereas the contents of free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars decreased in all the treatments after each spray. Among all the treatments, the combinations of elicitors, i.e., BTH (3 ppm) + SA (33 ppm) and BTH (7 ppm) + SA (17 ppm) exhibited maximum contents of total soluble protein, free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars than control in both the cultivars. These treatments were more pronounced in increasing plant height, internodal distance and number of pods per plant in both the cultivars. Our results suggest that the combinations of elicitors act synergistically to promote growth and metabolic activities in B. juncea and B. napus cultivars leading to the induction and regulation of disease resistance.
Diversity of zooplankton in Dekhu reservoir from Aurangabad, Maharashtra
Authors: Sontakke Gajanan , Mokashe Satish
Published: April 2018

Zooplanktons by their heterotrophic activity play a key role in the cycling of organic materials in aquatic ecosystems and are used as bioindicators of environmental quality. The present study was carried out from February 2009 to January 2010 which deals with diversity and abundance of zooplankton in Dekhu reservoir from Aurangabad district. A total 25 species of zooplankton were recorded in which rotifers were more abundant with 11 species followed by copepods and cladocerans 6 species each and 2 species of Ostracods. Results indicated that Dekhu reservoir is more productive.
In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. from shoot apex explants
Authors: Rani Archana , Kumar M. , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2018

In vitro rapid micropropagation of Withania somnifera; has been achieved using shoot apex explants, when cultured on MS medium with different auxins: Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) 0.5-4 mg/l, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) 2 mg/l and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 0.5-3 mg/l and cytokinin: Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 0.5-4 mg/l. NAA and BAP stimulated direct as well as callus mediated multiple shoot. IBA alone and in combination with IAA stimulated rhizogenesis, while IBA with NAA proliferated callus-mediated rhizogenesis. The rooted plantlets through sequential hardening process could be established in the field.
Soil degradation due to heavy metal accumulation under long term fertilization of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Parameswari E. , Davamani V. , Arulmani S. , Rathinasami A.
Published: April 2018

Long term fertility experiment (LTFE) under double rice cropping system was investigated in Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India with two varieties (ADT 43 and ADT 45) in two seasons (Kharif and Rabi) under six fertilizer treatments to study the heavy metal accumulation in soil and its impact on paddy. There was a significant variation in physico-chemical properties of soil due to different fertilizer treatments. The surface soil (0-15cm soil depth) in all the treatments showed relatively higher heavy metal accumulation than subsurface. In thelong run, there was a build up in the total heavy metal content in soil and it was found to be relatively high in phosphatic fertilizer applied treatments than others. Total Cd and Pb was found high, but the availability was below detectable limit indicated that Cd and Pb were found in unavailable forms, while Cu and Zn were slightly in mobile forms which had been translocated into grain and straw of paddy. The DTPA (Diphenyl Triamine Penta Aceticacid) extractable Cd and Pb in the soil was low, but there was heavy increase in Cu and Zn comparing with initial period. The rate of increase in Cd and Pb content was lower in N alone and control plots. This might be due to the long term application of phosphotic and zinc sulphate fertilizers. Cd and Pb were evenly distributed at low concentrations in grain and straw under various treatments. In case of Cu and Zn, it was relatively higher in grains and paddy strawamong various fertilizer treatments. There was no significant difference among the varietal (seasons) treatments for the accumulation of heavy metals in grain and straw.
Demand analysis for chicken meat, beef and fish among urban households in Edo and Delta states, Nigeria
Authors: Emokaro C.O. , Dibiah O.
Published: April 2018

Recent increases in population growth has created an additional demand for meat in developing countries. Nigeria has the largest population in sub-Saharan Africa, with about 47% of the population residing in the urban areas where the population growth rate is estimated at three times that in rural areas. This suggests a shift in increased food demand from the rural to the urban areas and explains the need to know the demand for meat (which is an important source of nutrient) from different animal sources. This study focused on demand analysis forchicken meat, beef and fish among urban households in Edo and Delta States. The complete demand functions of the various meat types were estimated. The primary data used in this analysis were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of urban chicken meat, beef and fish consuming households in Edo and Delta States. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents for this study. The Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System was used in analyzing the demand functions of chicken meat, beef and fish. Findings showed that the demand for chicken meat, beef and fish in the study area was so much a matter of own-price, cross-prices and income. The results of the LA/AIDS showed that for the entire sample, chicken had an expenditure coefficient of -0.0007 (p Ë‚ 0.01). With respect to Edo State, chicken had a budget share of -0.2253, cross price effect of 0.1938 with beef and expenditure coefficient of -0.0006 (p Ë‚ 0.01, p Ë‚ 0.05 and p Ë‚ 0.01 respectively). With regards to Delta State, chicken had a budget share of 0.1939. Chicken had a cross price effect of -0.2790 with beef (p Ë‚ 0.10), while beef had a budget share of 0.5694, cross price effect of -0.2790 with chicken and expenditure coefficient of 0.1170 (p Ë‚ 0.01, p Ë‚ 0.10 and p Ë‚ 0.05 respectively). It is recommended that production of chicken meat and the other selected meat types should be increased to meet the present demand. Prices of these commodities should be regulated to avoid the erratic price fluctuations and efforts should be geared towards improving the income earning capacity of households so as to enable them demand for these commodities effectively.
Screening of three promising rice genotypes for rainfed shallow lowlands of red and lateritic areas of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mallick G.K. , Jana K. , Ghosh S. , Sardar G.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011-12 at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal to screen promising rice genotypes suitable for rainfed shallow lowland situation of red and lateritic areas of West Bengal. Among the thirty genotypes of rice tested, only three genotypes gave significantly higher yields over best check variety Swarna sub-1 (5324 kg ha-1). These three promising genotypes of rice were IET 21987 (6898 kg ha-1), IET 21979 (6759 kg ha-1) and IET 21996 (6342 kg ha-1). It is to be noted that IET 21987 is a nomination from Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal. It was nominated to AICRIP trial IVT-RSL during 2010 in the designation of CN 1317-557-56-BNKR 42-2-3.
Economics and yield performance of some short duration fruit and medicinal crops under agrisilvicultural system in rainfed uplands of Odisha
Authors: Nayak M. R. , Behera L. K. , Mishra P. J. , Bhola N.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted during 2011-12 in an agrisilvicultural system consisting of two silvicultural species viz. Acacia mangium (mangium) and Gmelina arborea (gamhar) planted in 2000 at a spacing of 8m x 2m and four agricultural crops viz. Ananas comosus (pineapple), Aloe vera (aloevera), Andrographis paniculata(kalmegh) and Curcuma amada (mangoginger) were raised in the 1st week of July, 2011.The maximum volume increment were achieved by mangium with pineapple (16.53 m3/ha). Pineapple also registered the maximum fruit yield of 9981Kgha-1 under mangium and minimum under gamhar (9106 Kgha-1). The fresh leave yield of aloevera (8635Kg ha-1) was maximum under mangium which is statistically at par with gamhar. However, kalmegh recorded maximum dry plant yield of 1239 Kgha-1 under open condition followed by 1072 Kgha-1 under gamhar and 823 Kgha-1 under mangium. Similarly, mangoginger exhibited maximum rhizome yield of 3300 Kgha-1 under open condition followed by 1979 Kgha-1 under gamhar and 1597 Kgha-1 under mangium. The trend of crop yield under both the trees and open condition was: Pineapple >Aloevera>Mangoginger>Kalmegh. A. mangium with pineapple based agrisilvicultural system recorded the highest gross return, net return and BCR as compared to other agrisilvicultural systems and sole crops.
A study on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Chandrasekaran D. , Venkatesan P. , Tirumurugaan K. G. , Nambi A. P. , Thirunavukkarasu P. S. , Kumanan K. , Vairamuthu S.
Published: April 2018

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious problem in dairy animals suffering from mastitis. The study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus from clinical mastitis milk samples and their antibiotic resistance profile and characterised with respect to the molecular features that contributed to the resistance in these pathogens. Isolation and identification of Methicillin resistant S. aureus were performed from acute clinical mastitis samples. The isolates were tested using agar disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and modified resazurin assay micro dilution technique for MIC to 8 different antimicrobial drugs. A total of 235 clinical mastitis milk samples from dairy cows were cultured for incidence of S. aureus. Methicillin resistant S. aureus was isolated from a total of 12 (44.25%) of the 116 S. aureus samples. Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity and MIC results, MRSA isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. Most of MRSA isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. MRSA alert kit test and mecA and blaZ target gene PCR were found to be useful in the confirmation of MRSA.
Influence of Panchagavya foliar spray on the growth attributes and yield of baby corn (Zea mays) cv. COBC 1
Authors: Loganathan Vimalendran , Wahab K.
Published: April 2018

Field experiments were conducted at experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram during July to September (2008) and January to March (2009) in two seasons to study the effect of foliar spray of Panchagavya on the growth and yield of Baby corn cv. COBC 1. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design with fourteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments included foliar spray and inorganic nutrient application at various stages of baby corn. The results revealed that application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) [N150: P60 (P2O5): K40 (K2O)] and 4 sprays (15, 25, 35 and 45 DAS) of 3 % Panchagavya recorded the highest growth attributes and yield of fresh Baby corn and this was followed by application of recommended dose of fertilizers (100 %) along with 3 sprays (15, 25 and 35 DAS) of 3 % panchagavya during both the seasons. The least growth and yield parameter were recorded in 3 sprays of 4 % Panchagavya without use of inorganic fertilizers. The increase in growth and yield of baby corn was mainly attributed by greater availability of nutrients through soil application (100 % RDF) and foliar spray of panchagavya at various stages of crop growth.
Growth physiology of Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson under integrated nutrient management and seed soaking approaches in eastern sub-Himalayan plains
Authors: Mookherjee Saikat , Malik Ganesh Chandra , Bandyopadhyay Subhendu , Mitra Biplab
Published: April 2018

The field experiment was conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during rabi 2007-08 to 2008-09 to study the growth and productivity of yellow sarson under different nutrient managementi practices and pre-sowing seed soaking. The highest value of LAI (4.00), apart from the maximum plant height (129.97cm), dry matter accumulation (481.93g m-2) at 90 days, crop growth rate (12.29 g m-2 day-1) in between 45 to 60 days, root dry weight (1.645 g plant-1) with the highest average root diameter (0.932 mm) were observed in treatments receiving 75% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer with farm yard manure, Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria as non-chemical source. Similarly at 45 days of crop age, significantly higher stomatal conductance (701.68 m mol m-2 s-1) and transpiration rate (4.55 m mol m-2 s-1) were reflected by the same treatment combination. These were attributed to the production of maximum seed yield (1374 kg ha-1), which was 39.91% higher than the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer application. On an average, seeds soaked with water before sowing reflected 9% lesser yield (1103 kg ha-1) against chemical soaking. Yellow sarson crop grown with integrated nutrient management practice consisting 75% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer along with farm yard manure (5t ha-1), Azotobacter (5kg ha-1) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (5kg ha-1) coupled with seed soaking in 100ppm KH2PO4 confirms to be the best treatment combination from the treatment schedule considered during the study for the sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal, India in terms of crop growth and productivity.
Eco-friendly livestock management practices followed by tribal households of Narmada valley region of India
Authors: Patel N. B. , Kavad S. D. , Rao T. K. S.
Published: April 2018

A field survey was undertaken in Narmada valley region, four taluka of Narmada district of south Gujarat to collect first hand information on management practices of dairy animals followed by tribal peoples. The breeding, health care and milking management practices were studied using pre tested questionnaire through three stage sampling. Two villages, from four taluka were selected. From each village, 10 tribal farmers were selected randomly with a total of 80 respondents. Study revealed that maximum farmers (41.30 %) of this area were less educated belongs to middle age (53.80% 30-50 years) category having medium size family (5-8 members). The estrus detection in cattle was based on sign and symptoms (100.0%) rather than using teaser, moreover main symptoms for identification of animal in heat were bellowing and thin mucus discharge (58.80%). The farmers (86.30%) were observed to inseminate their animals within 12-18 hrs of heat. Method of breeding adopted in area was mostly (46.30%) by combination i.e., Natural and artificial insemination (A.I.). Mostly the pregnancy diagnosis (P.D.) was practiced by 18.80% of the farmers. Dry period was more than three months in both indigenous cows (92.40%) and buffaloes (91.20%). Castration was performed in 72.70% of male animals of age more than 2 years. Vaccination was adopted by 53.80% of farmers. Regular de-worming was also practiced by 3.80 and 7.50% farmers for milch cow and calf respectively. Clean milk production was well adopted by farmers of the area. Knuckling (95.0%) was common method of hand milking followed by full hand type (3.80%) and stripping (1.30%). The management practices followed by tribal farmers of area were exceptional for few facets however most of the practices required to be improved a lot.
Effect of cutting frequencies and nitrogen levels on growth, green and seed yield and quality of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.)
Authors: Sarkar R. K. , Jana J. C. , Datta S.
Published: April 2018

To study the effect of cutting frequencies and nitrogen levels on growth, green and seed yield and quality of upland water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) an experiment was undertaken with four cutting frequencies (C0 = no cutting; C1 = one cutting at 45 days after sowing (DAS); C2 = two cutting at 45 and 65 DAS and C3 = three cutting at 45, 65 and 85 DAS) and five nitrogen levels (N0 = no application; N1 = 50 kg/ha; N2 = 100 kg/ha; N3 = 150 kg/ha and N4 = 200 kg/ha). Results revealed that all growth, seed yield and seed quality attributes were found to decrease significantly with higher cutting frequencies, whereas, reverse effects on all physiological attributes, green yield and its quality parameters. On the other hand, nitrogen level (upto 150 kg N/ha) had significant effect and all these parameters. The highest green yield was recorded at three cuttings and 150 kg N/ha individually and also at their interaction (16.34, 12.57 and 17.77 t/ha, respectively). Maximum value of quality parameter like vitamin A (3072.9 ?g/100 g) was recorded in one cutting with 150 kg N/hectare, whereas, maximum ascorbic acid was recorded maximum (45.31 mg/100 g) in one cutting without N fertilizer application Maximum net profit of Rs. 114324.00 with B: C ratio of 2.22:1 was obtained with combination of three cuttings and 150 kg N/ha and that may be adopted for its commercial cultivation in medium to upland situation under terai region of West Bengal.
Exploring the potential of seed flour from pigeon pea genotypes to retard the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Grover Sheetanshu , Grewal Satvir Kaur , Gupta Anil Kumar , Taggar Gaurav Kumar
Published: April 2018

Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most devastating known pest causing major economic losses. Development of insect resistance against chemical pesticides and the environment concerns are forcing researchers to pave way towards biopesticides. Our study aimed to test the efficacy of seed flour from ten pigeon pea genotypes against H. armigera development. H. armigera fed with diet containing pigeon pea seed powder exhibited larval and pupal weight reduction and certain abnormalities. Larval weight reduction varied from 19 % (AL 1495) to 37 % (AL 1677). Increase in larval duration was seen in genotypes containing higher trypsin inhibitor, phenols and phytic acid. AL 1677 was found to be the most resistant genotype with 37 % larval weight reduction followed by AL 1735. Larval-pupal intermediates were observed in diets containing AL 1495 and AL 1747 seed powder. The pupal weight reduction varied from 15.5 % to 44.5 %. Results from this study suggest the inhibitory potential of PIs and other bioactive compounds such as phenols and phytic acid from pigeon pea cultivars against H. armigera development, that can be further exploited in pest management.
Helminth infection in Anabas testudineus of three wetlands of Goalpara, Assam
Authors: Das Dimple , Goswami M. M.
Published: April 2018

Anabas testudineus (Bloch) is a popular eatable fresh water fish. The fishes infested with helmnthic infection may be died off and the production may be decreased. Besides, the parasites could pass through man and other animals. The occurrence of parasites and their prevalence and intensity in the fish was studied from March, 2012 to February, 2013 in Hasila, Kumri and Urpad wetlands of Goalpara district of Assam. Three trematodes and six nematodes were collected from 309 out of 547 host fish. The trematodes were identified as Asymphylodora kedarai, Brahamputratrema sp., Neopodocotyl sp. and the nematodes were Camallanus anabantis, C.trichuris, C.intestinalus, Onchocamallanus sp., Parascarophis sp, and Cosmoxynemoid nandusi.
Bioefficacy of cow urine based eco-friendly formulations against Spilarctia obliqua (Walker)
Authors: Geetanjaly Geetanjaly , Tiwari Ruchira
Published: April 2018

The laboratory studies were conducted to assess the bio-efficacy of cow urine and jatropha seed extracts prepared in water and cow urine (@ 5% and @10% against different stages of Spilarctia obliqua. The cent per- cent mortality of neonate larvae was observed in jatropha seed water extract @10% followed by significantly less larval survival in cow urine @10% (13.35%), jatropha seed cow urine extract @10% (16.64%) in comparison to untreated control (93.32%).Similarly cent per cent larval mortality of 7 days old larvae was observed in JSWE @ 10% and JSCUE @10% with significantly less growth index in JSCUE 5% (0.66), JSWE@5%( 0.67), CU @10% (0.88) and CU @5% ( 0.99) with 2.23 growth index in untreated control. For 14 days old larvae the mean leaf area consumed and larval weight was observed significantly very less in JSWE@10% with cent percent larval mortality followed by JSCUE@10% and cow urine treatments. Similarly, regarding antifeedant activity of eco-friendly formulations according to the calculated preference indices, the strong antifeedant action was showed by JSWE@10% (0.50) followed by JSCUE@10% (0.55)and JSWE@5% (0.60) showed moderately antifeedant action with slight antifeedant action in JSCUE@5% (0.81) and cow urine @10% ( 0.82) and CU@5%(0.85). These observations clearly demonstrated the efficacy of cow urine based eco-friendly formulations against S. obliqua under laboratory conditions which indicated the potential of cow urine based formulations which are eco-friendly, easily prepared and low cost organic approach for sustainable agriculture.
Enhancement of seed germination in stored seeds using different pre-sowing treatments in Bauhinia purpurea L.
Authors: Hanumantha M. , Gunaga Rajesh P. , Biradar Suma S. , Patil Roopa S. , Shankar P.
Published: April 2018

Bauhinia purpurea L. is one of the important avenue tree species used in garden, road side plantations and other places. Fresh seed produce good germination upto 75 to 100 per cent. Seeds of this species stored for five months produced less germination (38.00 %) and it could be due to seed dormancy. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate different seed treatments to enhance seed germination in stored seeds of B. purpurea. Treatment like soaking seeds in hot water for 2 min to 5 min followed by overnight soaking in normal water resultedin highest germination of about 59.00 per cent over control (40.00%). Significant variation for germination parameters such as mean daily germination, germination rate index and germination value as well as early seedling vigour was recorded among different pre-sowing treatments in stored seeds.
Genotype and environment interaction and stability analysis for seed yield in yellow mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Arunkumar B. , Konda C. R.
Published: April 2018

Nine yellow seeded mung (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes were evaluated along with three checks for their yield performance during three years (2007, 2010 and 2011). Pooled analysis of variance and stability analysis were performed. The genotypic (G) × environment (E) interaction and both variance due to genotypes and environment were significant. The portioning of G × E interaction into linear and non-linear components indicated that both predictable and unpredictable components shared the interaction. On the basis of stability parameters, the top yielding genotypes such as BGS-9 (605.444 Kg/Ha), Sel-4 (519.778 Kg/Ha) and China mung (567.000 Kg/Ha) exhibited high mean yield. Based on stability parameters the genotypes YM-5 (459.889 Kg/Ha), YM-8 (451.333 Kg/Ha) exhibited low mean performance along with regression value nearer to unity (bi=1) and non significant deviation from regression (S2 di=0) indicating the high stability and wider adaptability across the three environments. The genotypes BGS-9 (605.444 Kg/Ha) and Sel-4 (519.778 Kg/Ha) exhibited high mean value and bi values (bi>1) and non significant deviation (S2 di < 0) value indicating adapted for high performance environments (These genotypes are sensitive to environments and give maximum yield when inputs are not limited).