bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Obstacle Detection and Tracking Based on 3D Lidar
Authors: Zhong Qixue , Liu Yuansheng , Guo Xiaoxiao , Ren Lijun ,   Beijing Engineering Research Center of Smart Mechanical Innovation Design Service, Beijing Union University No.97 Beisihuan East Road, Chao Yang District, Bejing 100101, China,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, Beijing Union University No.97 Beisihuan East Road, Chao Yang District, Bejing 100101, China
Published: September 2018

Detection and tracking of dynamic obstacle is one of the research hotspot in autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a dynamic obstacle detection and tracking method based on 3D lidar is proposed. The nearest neighborhood method is used to cluster the data obtained by the laser lidar. The characteristic parameters of the clustering obstacles are analyzed. Multiple hypothesis tracking model (MHT) algorithm and the nearest neighbor association algorithm are used for data association of two consecutive frames of obstacle information. The dynamic and static state of obstacles are analyzed through the temporal and spatial correlation of the obstacle. Finally, we use linear Kalman filter to predict the movement state of the obstacle. The experimental results on a low-speed driverless vehicle “small whirlwind” which is an autonomous sightseeing vehicle show that the method can accurately detect the dynamic obstacles in unknown environment with effectiveness and real-time performance.
Lane Detection and Spatiotemporal Reconstruction Using the Macroblock Predictions Method
Authors: Roxas Edison A. ,   Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines, Vicerra Ryan Rhay P. , Santos Gil Nonato C. , Dadios Elmer P. , Bandala Argel A.
Published: September 2018

Detection and tracking of road lane markings offers several applications in intelligent transport systems (ITS). Although it is perceived as the simple task of isolating lanes on various types of roads, the accuracy of detection remains an issue. Several studies in recent literature have proposed solutions to this problem; however, none of these have used the method of macroblock (MB) prediction. This paper focuses on the type of MB applied for lane detection, tracking, and predictions, as well as the trade-off between the accuracy and complexity of implementing the system. This study makes the following contributions: (1) best MB for spatiotemporal lane detection and reconstruction; (2) best function approximation for lane predictions; and (3) best MB in terms of performance under different conditions.
Blind Image Quality Assessment Based on Natural Statistics of Double-Opponency
Authors: Sybingco Edwin ,   De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines, Dadios Elmer P.
Published: September 2018

One of the challenges in image quality assessment (IQA) is to determine the quality score without the presence of the reference image. In this paper, the authors proposed a no-reference image quality assessment method based on the natural statistics of double-opponent (DO) cells. It utilizes the statistical modeling of the three opponency channels using the generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) and asymmetric generalized Gaussian distribution (AGGD). The parameters of GGD and AGGD are then applied to feedforward neural network to predict the image quality. Result shows that for any opposing channels, its natural statistics parameters when applied to feedforward neural network can achieve satisfactory prediction of image quality.
Inner Evaluation of Writing in a Foreign Language Based on Expert Judgment for Correction
Authors: Entani Tomoe , Isobe Miho ,   Graduate School of Applied Informatics, University of Hyogo 7-1-28 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,   Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
Published: September 2018

Although writing is a tool for communication, the way one writer communicates a fact is not always the same as how another one does it. The written word is unique to the writer and reflects his or her preferred writing style. When something is written by a non-native speaker of language, native speakers and experts often feel slightly unusual, even if they can find no obvious errors. Moreover, they might revise the text based on their experience. On the other hand, the writer often feels slightly dissatisfied with the correction if it does not fit for his or her writing preference. It is difficult for the corrector to understand the writers’ writing preference from the text, and it is also difficult for the writer to explain it explicitly since both writing and correcting a piece of text are based on one’s subjectivity. The correction is unique to the text, so the inner evaluation of the text is important. This study proposes a method of deriving each writer’s writing preference numerically from the expert’s initial evaluation. In the process, the texts other than the target text are taken into consideration from the viewpoint that writing is a communication tool. The corrector may use the feedback from the proposed method to confirm his or her intuitive judgments and to add some new viewpoints.
Communities of Canopy‐Dwelling Arthropods in Response to Diverse Forages
Authors: Bhandari Krishna B. , West C. P. , Longing S. D.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

True bugs, grasshoppers, and spiders were among the more abundant canopy arthropods in pastures.

Old world bluestem had among the least abundance of canopy arthropods in 2 out of 3 yr.

Old world bluestem provides a less favorable habitat than alfalfa for canopy insects.

‘WW‐B.Dahl’ old world bluestem (OWB) [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] is an important warm‐season perennial grass pasture in semiarid western Texas. This grass deters pestiferous ants; however, its effect on canopy‐dwelling insects is not documented. The abundance of canopy‐dwelling arthropods among OWB, OWB–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alfalfa, and native grass pastures was compared by sweep‐net sampling over 3 yr (2014–2016). Forty‐six families of nine insect orders and a single family of spider (Araneae: Araneidae) were identified. Among total individuals, 85% were insects and 15% were spiders. Housefly (Musca spp., Diptera: Muscidae), potato leafhopper (Empoasca spp., Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), lygus bug (Lygus hesperus, Hemiptera: Miridae), and spur‐throated grasshopper (Melanoplus spp., Orthoptera: Acrididae) were other abundant taxa. Among the insects collected, spur‐throated grasshoppers were the most abundant, comprising 12% of total taxa. Alfalfa hosted the greatest number of total insects, including pests such as potato leafhopper and lygus bug. Lower abundances of pestiferous insects were found in OWB while still hosting greater abundances of some arthropods of ecological significance such as spider and ladybird beetle (Hippodamia spp., Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
Canonical Variable Selection for Ecological Modeling of Fecal Indicators
Authors: Gilfillan Dennis , Hall Kimberlee , Joyner Timothy Andrew , Scheuerman Phillip
Published: September 2018

More than 270,000 km of rivers and streams are impaired due to fecal pathogens, creating an economic and public health burden. Fecal indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli are used to determine if surface waters are pathogen impaired, but they fail to identify human health risks, provide source information, or have unique fate and transport processes. Statistical and machine learning models can be used to overcome some of these weaknesses, including identifying ecological mechanisms influencing fecal pollution. In this study, canonical correlation analysis (CCorA) was performed to select parameters for the machine learning model, Maxent, to identify how chemical and microbial parameters can predict E. coli impairment and F+‐somatic bacteriophage detections. Models were validated using a bootstrapping cross‐validation. Three suites of models were developed; initial models using all parameters, models using parameters identified in CCorA, and optimized models after further sensitivity analysis. Canonical correlation analysis reduced the number of parameters needed to achieve the same degree of accuracy in the initial E. coli model (84.7%), and sensitivity analysis improved accuracy to 86.1%. Bacteriophage model accuracies were 79.2, 70.8, and 69.4% for the initial, CCorA, and optimized models, respectively; this suggests complex ecological interactions of bacteriophages are not captured by CCorA. Results indicate distinct ecological drivers of impairment depending on the fecal indicator organism used. Escherichia coli impairment is driven by increased hardness and microbial activity, whereas bacteriophage detection is inhibited by high levels of coliforms in sediment. Both indicators were influenced by organic pollution and phosphorus limitation.

Core Ideas

Maxent models were developed to infer source and transport of two fecal indicators.

Canonical correlation analysis was applied to select parameters for Maxent models.

Canonical selection and sensitivity analysis improved E. coli models.

Elevated concentrations of E. coli are associated with hardness and heterotrophic activity.

Bacteriophage detection is inhibited by sediment coliforms and enzyme activity.
Influence of Two Nitrogen Forms on Hormone Metabolism in Potential Storage Roots and Storage Root Number of Sweetpotato
Authors: Si Chengcheng , Shi Chunyu , Liu Hongjuan , Zhan Xiangdong , Liu YongChen , Wang Dandan , Meng Di , Tang Lixue
Published: September 2018

In this study, we investigated the effects of two N forms on sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] root growth and development, zeatin riboside (ZR) and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) concentrations in potential storage roots, and storage root number per plant. During the period 2015 to 2016, field experiments were performed using the sweetpotato cultivars ‘Shangshu 19’ and ‘Jixu 23’, which involved the following three treatments: no application of N fertilizer, application of 60 kg N hm−2 ammonium N, and application of 60 kg N hm−2 amide N. Our results indicated that during storage root formation, compared with the control treatment, the ammonium N treatment led to a significantly higher number of thick roots. However, the ammonium N treatment significantly reduced the average diameter of thick roots during early storage root formation and increased the average diameter during late storage root formation. Compared with the control treatment, ammonium N treatment inhibited the expression of Ibkn1, Ibkn2, and SRD1 genes during the early stage of storage root formation and also reduced the activities of IAA oxidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase enzymes, thereby ultimately reducing the ZR and IAA concentrations in potential storage roots. The opposite pattern was observed during the late stage of storage root formation. During the canopy closure period, compared with the control treatment, ammonium N treatment significantly increased the number of storage roots with diameters of 0.5 to 5.0 cm but decreased the number of storage roots with diameters >5.0 cm. At harvest, the ammonium N treatment had resulted in the highest storage root yield and storage root number per plant.
Photoperiod Response Gene Ppd‐D1 Affects Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Soft Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Brasier Kyle G. , Tamang Bishal G. , Carpenter Neal R. , Fukao Takeshi , Reiter Mark S. , Pitman Robert M. , Sneller Clay H. , Thomason Wade E. , Griffey Carl A.
Published: September 2018

Optimal N application is critical to ensure profitable soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and limit negative environmental effects. This study was conducted using 12 wheat lines grown in two Ohio and six Virginia environments to determine the effects of differentially split N rates on grain yield, yield components, and N‐related traits. Upon analysis of wheat lines in two contrasting photoperiod groups, it was discovered that wheat lines containing the photoperiod sensitivity allele (Ppd‐D1b) conferred a significant (P < 0.05) yield advantage under N‐limited conditions in Ohio and across N treatments in half of the Virginia testing environments. This resulted from increased harvest index, grains per square meter, number of kernels per spike, and floret fertility in Ppd‐D1b lines relative to lines with the insensitive allele (Ppd‐D1a). However, wheat genotypes in the photoperiod‐insensitive allelic group had significantly higher (P < 0.05) grain N concentration in all Virginia testing sites. A spring split N application of 33 kg N ha−1 at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 25 and 101 kg N ha−1 at Zadoks GS 30 produced the highest grain yields and grain N contents in five of the six Virginia environments. Nitrogen utilization efficiency was the primary contributor to variation in N use efficiency under higher N rates, whereas N uptake efficiency was the greatest contributor under low N rates. The contribution of N utilization and uptake efficiencies varied among wheat lines in the Ppd‐D1a group when 67 kg N ha−1 was applied at Zadoks GS 25 under the moderate and standard N rates.
Surfactant Chemistry Effects on Organic Matter Removal from Water Repellent Sand
Authors: Song Enzhan , Goyne Keith W. , Kremer Robert J. , Anderson Stephen H. , Xiong Xi
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Confirmed for the first time that certain wetting agents can remove organic coatings that cause soil hydrophobicity.

A novel laboratory experiment was performed to precisely quantify this effect.

Possible mechanisms regarding the removal of organic coatings following application of certain wetting agents were discussed.

Soil surfactants, which represent a wide range of wetting agent chemistries, have been used as the primary tool for mitigating drought issues caused by soil water repellency (SWR). However, the residual effects of soil surfactants are often short‐lived, requiring repeated applications. Alternatively, certain groups of wetting agents may remove hydrophobic organic matter for extended control of SWR. This laboratory study investigated the effects of selected wetting agent chemistries, including products of alkyl block polymer (ABP), nonionic surfactant + acidifiers (NIS), and polyoxyalkylene polymer (PoAP), for removing organic matter and reducing SWR. Naturally‐occurring hydrophobic sand was packed into sand columns and subjected to wetting agent application. The treated columns were then washed three times with deionized water, and the volume of the leachates from each wash event was determined. Sand treated by PoAP showed enhanced water‐holding capacity, although the effect diminished after the second wash. In comparison, ABP resulted in 2.3‐fold greater output of combined dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the leachates than PoAP, and made the hydrophobic sand completely wettable. Alternatively, NIS showed similar effects compared with the control. Although PoAP reduced SWR to a minimum level, it was sorbed strongly to the sand, which resulted in 27% greater solid phase organic carbon (SOC) in treated sand, compared with the untreated control. However, the exact mechanisms underlying surfactant effects on DOC and POC are unclear and the long‐term effects of surfactants following repeated application in the field are yet to be determined.
Bulk entanglement entropy in perturbative excited states
Authors: Belin Alexandre , Iqbal Nabil , Lokhande Sagar F.
Published: September 2018

We compute the bulk entanglement entropy across the Ryu-Takayanagi
surface for a one-particle state in a scalar field theory in
AdS_33.
We work directly within the bulk Hilbert space and include the spatial
spread of the scalar wavefunction. We give closed form expressions in
the limit of small interval sizes and compare the result to a CFT
computation of entanglement entropy in an excited primary state at large
cc.
Including the contribution from the backreacted minimal area, we find
agreement between the CFT result and the FLM and JLMS formulas for
quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy. This provides a
non-trivial check in a state where the answer is not dictated by
symmetry. Along the way, we provide closed-form expressions for the
scalar field Bogoliubov coefficients that relate the global and Rindler
slicings of AdS_33.
Ценностно-смысловые барьеры в гуманитарной подготовке студентов технических специальностей
Authors: Осипова Алла Анатольевна , Мельниченко Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: September 2018

This article considers the particularities of the value-context barriers of the technical students while studying the humanities.
Специфика ориентировки в схеме собственного тела дошкольников с задержкой психического развития
Authors: Войтик Татьяна Николаевна
Published: September 2018

Results of experimental studying of features of orientation of children with DMD inthe scheme of own body are resulted. Qualitative originalities of orientation of childrenthroughout preschool age are described. Character of interest to the task of children withthe detained development, acceptance of the task by them, character of difficulties, therelation to result of the activity is defined.
К вопросу о личности лидеров деструктивных религиозных и общественных объединений (криминологический аспект)
Authors: Грибникова Ольга Борисовна
Published: September 2018

The article examines moral and psychological characteristics, nature and attitudes of persons (founders and managers), committing crimes under the auspices of destructive religious and social organizations. The analysis of the criminal personality in this case enables to detect and assess the initial social preconditions that have affected the onset of antisocial attitudes and motivations of a distinct person. Such sets and motivations influence the following criminal behavior.
Формирование конкурентоспособности специалиста сферы сервиса на этапе профессионального обучения в вузе
Authors: Евецкая Светлана Владимировна
Published: September 2018

The specialist’s competitive ability which may be represented as the process and the result of the developing personal transformation affording to achieve some specific individually-professional level of development is examined in the article regarding the acmeological approach. The longitudinal analysis results that help to understand the peculiarities of the specialist’s competitive ability development during getting some professional education at the University are given.
Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21st Century - A Review Article
Authors: Bangar Dr. Tanmay P. , Singh Dr. Sudha
Published: September 2018

Sneha Kalka is the by-product formed due to addition of Kalka and Drava Dravya to Sneha (oil or ‘Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam’, the very first aim of Charaka Samhita. It is on priority fundamental to understand, Ayurveda has in itself the essence of Vaccination or inoculation. Need for vaccination was felt in Modern science since 1800 onwards. But, however health and medicine scholar have described vaccination on the top in public health in 20th century. In the present era i.e. in the 21st century, infectious diseases are spreading on a large scale. To treat all the organisms at a time is not possible. Hence, the concept of vaccination plays an important role in preventive medicine. But, however, prevention of disease still remains out of reach. Therefore, this is high time for a nation to encourage the traditional system of medicine which provides a potential mechanism for the development of immunity in children. The prophylactic approach of Ayurveda is consistent, effective and Harmless. Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine provides lots of Lehana drugs which are supposed to built up the immunity and strength in children.
Суперионная проводимость твердых растворов (TlGaSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-(TlInS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Сардарлы Р.М. , Абдуллаев А.П. , Алиева Н.А. , Салманов Ф.Т. , Юсифов М.Ю. , Оруджева А.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractSamples of (TlGaSe_2)_1 – _ x (TlInS_2)_ x solid solutions are synthesized. The frequency dependences (2 × 10^1–10^6 Hz) of components of the total complex impedance are studied by the impedance spectroscopy technique and relaxation processes are investigated depending on the composition of the (TlGaSe_2)_1 – _ x (TlInS_2)_ x solid solution in the solubility region ( x = 0–0.4). Corresponding diagrams on the ( Z ''– Z ') complex plane are analyzed using the equivalent substitutional circuit method. An anomaly in the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, which manifests itself in an abrupt increase in the conductivity, is found for the studied (TlGaSe_2)_1 – _ x (TlInS_2)_ x solid solution at 400 K. This peculiarity is associated with the phase transition into the superionic state.
Особенности спектров ИК отражения и комбинационного рассеяния кристаллов Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-x-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Немов С.А. , Андреева В.Д. , Улашкевич Ю.В. , Поволоцкий А.В. , Аллаххах А.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractA comprehensive study (X-ray phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and IR reflectance measurements) of p -Sb_2Te_3 – _ x Se_ x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) crystals synthesized by the Czochralski method is carried out. The X-ray phase data and Raman spectra show that all of the alloy samples under study are rhombohedral crystals in structure, with unit-cell parameters close to those of Sb_2Te_3 crystals. At the same time, the formation of regions with different degrees of the replacement of Te atoms with Se atoms is observed. The reflectance spectra of the crystals, R (ν), have a characteristic minimum at about 1000 cm^–1. The minimum is attributed to hole plasma vibrations. The plasma minimum systematically shifts to higher frequencies, as the Se content is increased. Calculation of the reflectance spectra in the context of the Drude–Lorentz model satisfactorily describes the experimental data; in this case, it is necessary to take into account also the contribution of optical crystal-lattice vibrations to spectra in the low-frequency region. The calculation makes it possible to determine the optical parameters of the crystals and to estimate the hole effective mass and the optical conductivity.
Тонкие пленки селенида меди(I): состав, морфология, структура, оптические свойства
Authors: Маскаева Л.Н. , Федорова Е.А. , Марков В.Ф. , Кузнецов М.В. , Липина О.А. , Поздин А.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe systematized results of studies of the composition, morphology, structure, optical properties, and conductivity of hydrochemically deposited copper(I) selenide thin films (Cu_1.8Se) with the thickness of 390–400 nm are reported. The studies are carried out using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hole conductivity of the layers is established by the thermopower technique. The optical band gap determined from the results of studies of optical absorbance and diffuse reflection spectra of the films at 298 K is 2.5 and 1.84 eV for direct and indirect optical transitions, respectively.
Исследование профиля эффективного показателя преломления в самоорганизующихся наноструктурированных пленках ITO
Authors: Марков Л.К. , Павлюченко А.С. , Смирнова И.П. , Павлов С.И.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe optical characteristics and structural features of self-assembling nanostructured indium–tin oxide (ITO) films deposited onto substrates heated above 400°C are studied. Estimations of the distribution profiles of the material and effective refractive index in the films under study are obtained by computer simulation of a medium having spectral dependences of light transmission and reflection coefficients closest to those observed in the experiment. These results are in good agreement with scanning electron microscopy data for these films and make it possible to not only confirm the gradient character of such coatings but also restore some of its features. The further overgrowth of voids in self-assembling nanostructured films by means of the deposition of an additional material amount by magnetron sputtering at room temperature leads to a variation in the effective refractive index profile in them. Thus, it is possible to form transparent conductive films with an efficient refractive index profile adjusted for specific tasks. Adjustment of the refractive index profile in self-assembled ITO films acquires a special value for designing coatings with specified properties by virtue of a limited set of transparent conductive materials.
Электронные состояния наноструктурированных систем: титан и диоксид циркония
Authors: Заводинский В.Г.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe density functional method with pseudopotentials are used to study the electron states of nanoparticles and nanostructured systems: chains, films, and three-dimensional nanosystems of titanium and zirconia. It is shown that all studied titanium nanosystems have the density of electronic states (DES) of the metallic type, but zirconia nanosystem demonstrates a dielectric energy gap in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The density of states of nanostructured titanium is close in shape to DES of the single crystal but has a smoother shape due to disordering of the atomic arrangement. The forbidden band width of the nanostructured zirconia is smaller as compared to the corresponding width in crystalline ZrO_2, supposedly because of incomplete saturation of ionic bonds.
Параметры ядерного квадрупольного взаимодействия и пространственное распределение электронных дефектов в решетках YBa-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=- и La-=SUB=-2-x-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-CuO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Теруков Е.И. , Марченко А.В. , Серегин П.П. , Киселев В.С. , Шахович К.Б.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe comparison of calculated and experimental parameters of nuclear quadrupole interaction in the sites of crystal lattice of YBa_2Cu_3O_7 and La_2– x Sr_ x CuO_4 superconducting copper metal oxides has shown that effective charges of all atoms of superconducting ceramic lattices correspond to standard rates of their oxidation, except the atoms of chain and planar oxygen in YBa_2Cu_3O_7 lattice and atoms of planar oxygen in La_2– x Sr_ x CuO_4 lattice, whose decreased charge is interpreted as a result of hole localization in the corresponding sublattices.
Магнитные свойства слоистого кобальтита Sr-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Y-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-CoO-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=- (x = 0.1)
Authors: Троянчук И.О. , Бушинский М.В. , Лановский Р.А. , Сиколенко В.В. , Риттер К.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe structure, the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of perovskite Sr_0.9Y_0.1CoO_2.63 have been studied. The sample is shown to have a two-phase structure. The main phase has a tetragonally distorted unit cell and is described by space group I 4/ mmm . The broadening of the reflections with indices corresponding to doubling unit cell parameter c indicates the absence of the rigorous translation symmetry along axis c . The existence of the broadened superstructure reflection observed in the diffraction pattern at small angles at temperature lower than 400 K is explained by the existence of the monoclinic phase whose content is significantly lower than that of the tetragonal phase, but is dominant in the Sr_0.8Y_0.2CoO_3–δ composition. The spontaneous magnetization appears as the monoclinic phase forms. The magnetic structure is mainly G-type antiferromagnetic with magnetic moments 1.5μ_B in the layers of CoO_6 octahedra and 2μ_B in the anion-deficit CoO_4 + γ layers. The conduction of the Sr_0.9Y_0.1CoO_2.63 composition has a semiconducting character. The magnetoresistance is 57% in a field of 14 T at a temperature of 5 K and strongly decreases with the temperature increase.
Механическая и динамическая стабильность комплектного и нестехиометрического 3C-Si-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-C-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=- из ab initio расчетов
Authors: Шеин И.Р.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe energies of formation of vacancies in the carbon and silicon sublattices, the independent elastic constants, the all-round compression, shear and Young’s moduli, and the anisotropy coefficients are determined for the complete and nonstoichiometric cubic phases of 3 C -Si_ x C_ y ( x , y = 1.0–0.75) by ab initio methods of the band theory. In the formalism of the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the phonon dispersion dependences are obtained for these phases (the comparison with the experiment is given for the complete phase). It is shown that the mechanical characteristics of the phases become strongly anisotropic upon the transition from 3 C -SiC_0.875 to 3 C -SiC_0.75. It is established from the analysis of the phonon dispersion curves that the 3 C -SiC_0.875 and 3 C -SiC_0.75 phases, in contrast to the complete 3 C -SiC phase, are dynamically unstable at T = 0 K.
Парамагнитные центры хрома в кристаллах Y-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SiO-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=- и Sc-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SiO-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-
Authors: Важенин В.А. , Потапов А.П. , Шакуров Г.С. , Фокин А.В. , Артёмов М.Ю. , Исаев В.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe EPR spectrum of yttrium and scandium silicate single crystals doped with chromium has been studied at various frequencies. Y_2SiO_5 has one triclinic Cr^3+ center, while the Sc_2SiO_5 crystals demonstrate two nonequivalent centers. The spin Hamiltonian parameters of these centers have been determined. These centers are found to be tricharged chromium ions localized in the yttrium and scandium positions.
Эволюция проводимости и катодолюминесценции пленок оксида гафния при изменении концентрации вакансий кислорода
Authors: Исламов Д.Р. , Гриценко В.А. , Кручинин В.Н. , Иванова Е.В. , Заморянская М.В. , Лебедев М.С.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dependence of the conductivity of the films of hafnium oxide HfO_2 synthesized in different modes is studied. Depending on the modes of synthesis, the conductivity of HfO_2 at a fixed electric field of 1.0 MV/cm changes by four orders of magnitude. It is found that the conductivity of HfO_2 is limited by the model of phonon-assisted tunneling between the traps. The thermal and optical energies of the traps W _t = 1.25 eV and W _opt = 2.5 eV, respectively, in HfO_2 are determined. It is found that the exponentially strong scattering of the conductivity of HfO_2 is due to the change in the trap density in a range of 4 × 10^19–2.5 × 10^22 cm^–3. In the cathodoluminescence spectra of HfO_2, a blue band with the energy of 2.7 eV is observed which is due to the oxygen vacancies. A correlation between the trap density and intensity of cathodoluminescence, as well as between the trap density and refractive index, is found. A nondestructive in situ method for the determination of the trap density of hafnium oxide with the use of the measurement of the refractive index is proposed. The optimum values of the concentrations of oxygen vacancies for emitting devices on the basis of the films of HfO_2 are found.
Наблюдение крупномасштабного дробового шума в сильноточном электронном пучке
Authors: Абубакиров Э.Б. , Денисенко А.Н. , Конюшков А.П. , Солуянов Е.И. , Ястребов В.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe character of the noise component of an electron beam formed by an explosive-emission cathode has been experimentally investigated. It is shown that its source is a large-scale shot noise related to the manifestation of ectonic structures in the electron beam. The measured quantitative characteristics of ectons are in good agreement with previously obtained data and estimates.
Эпитаксиальные структуры InGaAs/InAlAs/AlAs для гетеробарьерных варакторов с низким током утечки
Authors: Малеев Н.А. , Бобров М.А. , Кузьменков А.Г. , Васильев А.П. , Кулагина М.М. , Малеев С.Н. , Блохин С.А. , Неведомский В.Н. , Устинов В.М.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe quality of heteroboundaries and optimal conditions for epitaxial growth are critical parameters for obtaining low leakage currents of heterobarrier varactors in the InGaAs/InAlAs/AlAs material system. Grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, three-barrier heterobarrier varactor structures adjacent to InAlAs/AlAs/InAlAs barrier layers by additional mismatched InGaAs layers subjected to compressive stress show, under optimal epitaxy conditions, extremely low levels of leakage current density (not more than 0.06 A/cm^2 at a voltage of 5 V and 85°C) with relatively thin AlAs inserts (with a thickness of 2 nm).
Оптические свойства InGaAs/InAlAs метаморфных наногетероструктур для фотопреобразователей лазерного и солнечного излучения
Authors: Емельянов В.М. , Калюжный Н.А. , Минтаиров С.А. , Шварц М.З.
Published: September 2018

AbstractReflectance spectroscopy has been used to determine the refractive indices of nanoscale In_ x Al_ y Ga_1– x – y As and In_ x Al_1– x As layers with indium and aluminum concentrations x = 0.21–0.24 and y = 0, 0.1, and 0.2 on specially created Bragg-reflector heterostructures at wavelengths in the range 700–2000 nm. It was demonstrated that the method based on an analysis of the auto- and cross-correlation coefficients of the wavelength derivatives of the dependence of the reflectance of structures of this kind in order to determine the dispersion curves of the materials forming a reflector. It was found that raising the concentration of indium in InGaAs and AlInAs leads to a substantial rise in the refractive index, with a preserved spectral run of the refractive indices, which is characteristic of gallium arsenide and aluminum arsenide.
Посвящается памяти Евгения Ивановича Григорьева Прыжковая проводимость в нанокомпозитах поли-n-ксилилен-Fe
Authors: Вдовиченко А.Ю. , Овешников Л.Н. , Орехов А.С. , Завьялов С.А. , Аронзон Б.А. , Чвалун С.Н.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe structure and conductivity of hybrid nanocomposite poly( p -xylylene) films containing iron nanoparticles are studied. The films are obtained by the method of polymerization on a surface from the gas phase, and the concentration of the filler is 4 and 11 vol %. According to the analysis of microphotographs of nanostructures obtained by transmission electron microscopy, the particles are distributed evenly (with a size in the nanometer range and a rather narrow distribution). Studies of the frequency dependence of conductivity show that the transport of the charge carriers is realized by the hopping mechanism with a jump length of ~3.5 nm.
Прочностные свойства полученной с применением аддитивной технологии керамики на основе оксида алюминия при ударно-волновом нагружении
Authors: Промахов В.В. , Савиных А.С. , Дубкова Я.А. , Шульц Н.А. , Грунт Н.В. , Разоренов С.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractAluminum-oxide ceramic samples have been prepared by additive manufacturing with subsequent sintering. The Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength of the ceramics are determined by analyzing the full wave profiles of the samples recorded using a laser interferometer upon their shock compression with amplitudes of 6.8 and 13.8 GPa.
Достоверность выявления пронизывающих дислокаций в эпитаксиальных пленках с помощью структурно-чувствительного травления
Authors: Дерябин А.С. , Соколов Л.В. , Труханов Е.М. , Фрицлер К.Б.
Published: September 2018

AbstractCorrespondence between threading dislocations (TDs) in epitaxial films and the etch pits observed upon selective chemical etching of the samples was studied in Ge/Si(001) heterostructures. It is established that the density of TDs revealed in epitaxial films with thicknesses h ≤ 1 μm can be significantly understated because of insufficient resolution of optical microscopy. Recommendations are given that increase the reliability of PD density estimation by means of structure-sensitive etching.
Моделирование деформации многокристальных сборок NAND-памяти
Authors: Беляев М.А. , Путролайнен В.В. , Романенко В.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeformation of NAND memory multichip packages (MCPs) with various thicknesses of substrate and silicon dies have been numerically simulated. The results of calculations are consistent with experimental data and show equivalence of the deformation in single- and multichip packages with the same total thickness of silicon. Analytical relationship between the values of MCP deformation, substrate core thickness, and total thickness of silicon dies is proposed, which agrees quite well with the data of modeling and can be used for preliminary estimation of MCP deformations.
Низкоэнергетическое состояние электронного пучка в коаксиальном диоде с однородным анодом и неоднородным профилем магнитного поля
Authors: Громов А.В. , Гойхман М.Б. , Ковалев Н.Ф. , Палицин А.В. , Fuks M.I. , Schamiloglu E.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe possible formation of an extended low-energy state of electron beam in a coaxial diode with homogeneous cylindrical anode and moderate magnetic field with inhomogeneous profile is demonstrated for the first time. It is established that, depending on the magnetic field configuration, virtual cathodes (VCs) of two types can be formed: (i) a stationary VC with a localized reflection plane and (ii) a moving VC with a two-stream low-energy state of the electron beam.
The Concept of Translation in Western and Indian Traditions
Authors: Nagar Dr. Anupam R.
Published: September 2018

An effort is being made in this paper to suggest a methodology underlying the idea of translation that incorporates its definition, its concept, its types and its aspects keeping both the Indian and western points of view in mind.
Secukinumab for psoriatic arthritis: comparative effectiveness versus licensed biologics/apremilast: a network meta-analysis
Authors: McInnes Iain B , Nash Peter , Ritchlin Christopher , Choy Ernest H , Kanters Steve , Thom Howard , Gandhi Kunal , Pricop Luminita , Jugl Steffen M
Published: September 2018

Aim:
A network meta-analysis using randomized controlled trial data compared psoriatic arthritis (PsA) outcomes (American College of Rheumatology [ACR], Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI] and Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria [PsARC] response rates) at 12–16 weeks for secukinumab, adalimumab, apremilast, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab and ustekinumab.
Patients & methods:
Trials were identified by systematic review. Separate networks were developed for the full-study populations, biologic-naive patients and biologic-experienced patients.
Results:
In the full populations, secukinumab, adalimumab, golimumab and infliximab demonstrated the highest ACR response rates. Secukinumab and infliximab demonstrated the highest PASI response rates, and infliximab and etanercept demonstrated the highest PsARC response rates.
Conclusion:
In the full populations, secukinumab demonstrated good efficacy across all outcomes. All treatments for active PsA included in this comprehensive network meta-analysis demonstrated superiority to placebo.
On Appeals to Nature and their Use in the Public Controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms
Authors: Moldovan Andrei
Published: September 2018

In this paper I discuss appeals to nature, a particular kind of argument that has received little attention in argumentation theory. After a quick review of the existing literature, I focus on the use of such arguments in the public controversy over the acceptabil-ity of genetically-modified organisms in the food industry. Those who reject this biotechnology invoke its unnatural character. Such arguments have re-ceived attention in bioethics, where they have been analyzed by distinguishing different meanings that “nature” and “natural” might have. I argue that in many such appeals to nature the main deficiency of these arguments is semantic, in particular, that these words cannot be assigned a determi-nate meaning at all. In doing so, I rely on semantic externalism, a widely accepted theory of linguistic meaning.
Where Do Sounds Fit Within Informal Logic?
Authors: Groarke Leo
Published: September 2018

In response to commentaries by Eckstein and Kišiček, I argue that the study of auditory arguments is very much in keeping with the critical thinking (and epistemological) ideals that motivate informal logic. In the process I support further research on sound figures and the meaning of sound (and a possible “auditory dictionary”) that would enhance our ability to analyze auditory arguments.
Enhancement of the dissolution profile of the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide by elaboration of microspheres
Authors: Larbi Oum , Merine Haouaria , Ramli Youssef , Toumi Fawzia , Guemra Kaddour , Dehbi Abdelkader
Published: September 2018

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), which was developed and introduced in the late 1950s, is still one of the most frequently employed drugs in antihypertensive treatments. Its poor aqueous solubility is one of the reasons for its limited bioavailability after oral administration. The present paper provides details of the preparation of HCTZ-loaded microspheres by the solvent evaporation technique. A total of seven formulations were prepared using ethyl cellulose, poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL), ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) and synthesized poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of different molecular weights in different drug-to-carrier ratios in order to investigate their effect on the encapsulation efficiency and drug release kinetics. The prepared formulations were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, yield, drug loading, optical microscopy, surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro release studies in simulated gastrointestinal tract fluid. The loading efficiency was found in the range from 18?0.34 to 39?0.95 %. The microspheres were spherical, and the mean Sauter diameter (d32) of the obtained microparticles ranged from 26?0.16 to 107?0.58 ?m. The presence of the drug and polymer carriers in the microparticles was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis. In vitro dissolution studies showed that the release rate was largely affected by the characteristics of the microparticles, namely the particle size and the nature of the matrix. The release data are best fitted to the Higuchi model with high correlation coefficients (r?).
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA-binding studies of palladium(II) complexes with different chelate ligands containing nitrogen donor atoms
Authors: Rakovic Ivana , Radojevic Ivana , Mladenovic Katarina , Popovska-Jovicic Biljana , Petrovic Sara , Canovic Petar , Comic Ljiljana , Canovic Predrag , Bogojeski Jovana
Published: September 2018

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, as well as the DNA-binding of four square-planar Pd(II) complexes, [Pd(terpy)Cl]+ (C1), [Pd(en)Cl2] (C2), [Pd(DMEAImiPr)Cl2] (C3) and [Pd(dach)Cl2] (C4) (terpy = 2,2?:6?,2??- -terpyridine, en = ethylenediamine, dach = trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and DMEAImiPr = N2-((1,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl)-2H-imidazol-2- ylidene)-N1,N1-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine are reported. The antimicrobial activities of the Pd(II) complexes with the appropriate ligands were tested using the microdilution method against 18 strains of microorganisms, whereby the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined. The antibiofilm activity of [Pd(terpy)Cl]+ and the corresponding ligand were determined on a formed biofilm. The intensity of antimicrobial activity varied depending on the type of microorganism and the tested compound. The C1 complex with the corresponding ligand demonstrated significantly greater overall antimicrobial activity than C2, C3 and C4. The antibacterial activity of the C1 complex was better than its antifungal activity that was overall greater than that of the positive control, fluconazole. The greatest sensitivity for C1 and L1 was with Penicillium italicum (MIC < 0.49 ?g mL-1) among the fungi, and with Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453 (MIC = 0.98 ?g mL-1) among the tested bacteria. The tested compounds show low and moderate antibiofilm activity. The complexes showed weak antioxidant properties when tested using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- -picrylhydrazyl) method. The interaction of the metal complexes C1?C4 with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was further examined by absorption (UV?Vis) and emission spectral studies (EthBr displacement studies). Overall, the investigated complexes exhibited good DNA interaction ability.
Accelerated solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from carrot: Optimization of response surface methodology
Authors: Seregelj Vanja , Tumbas-Saponjac Vesna , Mandic Anamarija , Cetkovic Gordana , Canadanovic-Brunet Jasna , Vulic Jelena , Stajcic Sladjana
Published: September 2018

Carrot is considered to be rich in bioactive antioxidants, both lipophilic (carotenoids) and hydrophilic (phenolic compounds). In the present study, the conditions for accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of bioactive compounds from carrots (Daucus carota L.) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Box?Behnken design was employed for the experimental design to obtain the optimized combination of extraction temperature, time, and number of extraction cycles. Total carotenoid content (TCar), total polyphenol content (TPh), free radical scavenging activity (SA) and reducing power (RP) of the obtained extracts were used as responses for the optimization. Considering the four quality indicators, the ideal extraction conditions were found to be: 120 ?C, 60 min and three extraction cycles. Under these conditions, predicted values of 28.84 mg ?-carotene/100 g for TCar; 530.81 mg GAE/100 g for TPh; 2572.29 ?mol TE/100 g for SA and 1336.26 ?mol TE/100 g for RP were obtained with high desirability (0.975) and no significant difference (p < 0.05) with the experimental values.
Chemical composition and antiproliferative potential of dried wild apple and pear tea before and after in vitro simulated digestion
Authors: Zivkovic Jelena , Savikin Katarina , Stanisavljevic Nemanja , Zdunic Gordana , Stanojkovic Tatjana , Samardzic Jelena
Published: September 2018

Decoctions obtained from dried apple and pear fruits were subjected to in vitro digestion in the presence of a food matrix in order to determine changes in the polyphenol content and antiproliferative activity. The total phenolic and total proanthocyanidins contents were determined using spectrophotometrical methods, and the phenolic compounds were analyzed by RP-HPLC/DAD before and after digestion. Chlorogenic acid and phlorizin dihydrate were the major identified compounds. The addition of a food matrix immediately decreased the contents of individual and total phenolics. After digestion, they were slightly elevated but still lower than in the initial samples. Antiproliferative activity was investigated on human epithelial carcinoma cell line (HeLa), human colon carcinoma (LS174) and human foetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. The exhibited growth inhibition was not correlated with the content of phenolics in the tested samples, indicating that it could not be explained solely by their content. With the exception of the apple decoction effect on HeLa cells, the digestion process resulted in significant increases in the antiproliferative activity.