bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPLEXITY OF PITUITARY ADENOMA SURGERY
Authors: Ionescu Cristian-Norbert , Balasa Adrian-Florian , Chinezu Rares , Mühlfay Gheorghe
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Pituitary adenomas are the most common intraselllar tumors, representing 16% of all intracranial lesions. Although the symptomatology is very complex, it requires a multimodal treatment plan, in order to cover all corners of this combined pathology. Mostly the treatment is surgical, hormonal or combined. The transnazosphenoidal corridor offers a optimal visualitation of the anatomic location (via microscope or endoscope) but also comes with a variety of morbidities, one of the most important being the cerebrospinalfluid fistula (CSF leak).
 
Objective
We effectuated a retrospective cohort study in which we included patients with pituitary adenoma who were operated in the Clinic of Neurosurgery from Targu-Mures Emergency County Hospital between January 2018 and April 2024 with full documentation, including complications (apoplexy, infections, CSF fistula etc.).
 
Results
A total of 45 patients passed the inclusion criteria with a predominance of female patients (60%, n=27) with a mean age of 55.77 years. Analizing the clinical and paraclinical data, there were 39 patients with macroadenoma (vs. microadenoma n=6), with the dominant symptomatology being headache (86.66%) and visual disturbances (66.66%). In 32 cases the transnazosphenoidal (TSS) approach was used (1 case endoscopic and 31 cases microscopic), in 10 cases pure transcranian with modified pterional or subfrontal craniotomy and in 3 cases there was a combined approach. Postoperative complications were encountered in 8 cases (17.77%), and death in 1 case. 6 patients presented postoperative CSF fistula. In 16 cases we encountered postoperative Diabetes Insipidus with a significant difference in the tumor volume favoring this manifestation (p=0.0001). There was no significance found between the volume of the tumor and postoperative CSF leak (p=0.665). In 31 cases (68.88%) the TSS approach was used and the closing of the sphenoid sinus and cranial base was effectuated in a classic manner with fat, fascia and muscle; in additional cases specified glues were used.
 
Conclusions
Our study wants to reflect on the importance of anterior/middle cranial base closure, taking into account the possible postoperative complications. It is important to be aware of the technique of different nasoseptal flaps in order to prevent CSF fistula and reduce postoperative complications.
GLIOMA-RELATED EPILEPSY
Authors: Miculescu Iulia , Ivan Daniela L. , Dabu Aurelia , Teleanu D. , Corlatescu A.D. , Ciurea A.V.
Published: November 2024

Diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), originating from glial tissue, have a propensity to progress to higher-grade tumors over time, presenting a complex challenge in clinical management. Glioma-associated epilepsy is a significant clinical indicator influencing both treatment strategies and prognostication. This study aims to assess the impact of glioma-related epilepsy on treatment outcomes and explore the current management guidelines.
 
Material and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients diagnosed with LGGs (WHO grades 2 and 3) treated in our neurosurgical department from 2013 to 2023. The focus was on glioma-related epileptic seizures, with outcomes evaluated using the Engel classification six months post-surgery. Additionally, anti-seizure medication (ASM) regimens were reviewed, and current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on low-grade gliomas were synthesized.
 
Results
Of the 38 patients, 30 had diffuse astrocytoma and 8 had oligodendroglioma. Among those with glioma-related epilepsy (n=25), management strategies included biopsy only (8%), gross total resection (GTR) (40%), subtotal resection (StR) (32%), and partial resection (PaR) (20%). No significant correlation was found between seizures and tumor volume, growth rate, or histological findings. However, a positive correlation between the extent of surgical resection and improved Engel outcomes was observed.
 
Discussion
Existing research suggests that early seizures may be a favorable prognostic indicator for malignant progression-free and overall survival. Epilepsy significantly impacts the quality of life for glioma patients. Exploring targeted epilepsy surgery for glioma-related seizures could potentially enhance patient outcomes and quality of life posttreatment.
 
Conclusion
Advancing approaches in epilepsy surgery for glioma-related seizures holds promise for improving patient quality of life and treatment efficacy. Further investigation into these strategies is warranted.
NOT THE USUAL SUSPECTS: GLIOBLASTOMA OF THE CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE MASQUERADING AS A VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA
Authors: Padurean Vlad Adrian , Florian Ioan Stefan
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Most tumoral processes involving the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are extraneuraxial and usually comprise of vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas, followed by less common lesions such as epidermoid cysts, metastases and arachnoid cysts. Glioblastomas located in the CPA are rarely diagnosed. Uncommonly, intraneuraxial tumors in the CPA may grow in an exophytic manner compressing the surrounding cranial nerves, resembling the clinical picture of a more common extraneuraxial tumour.
 
Clinical Case
A 47 year old male presented to our department accusing gait imbalance, vertigo, vomiting and nausea, symptoms that started 2 months prior to admission. Upon neurological examination, the patient additionally presented right facial paresis and hypoesthesia, right sided hypoacusis, hypogeusia and diplopia. A contrast enhanced cerebral MRI revealed a right cerebellopontine angle mass with inhomogenous contrast enhancement, relatively well delineated, exerting mass effect on the cerebellum and pons with reduced perilesional edema but with involvement of the internal acoustic meatus. The indication for surgical removal of the tumour was made. The patient was placed in sitting position and a right retrosigmoid approach was performed using the operating microscope. Upon retraction of the cerebellar hemisphere, a greyish, highly vascularized and soft lesion was seen, exhibiting a spread growth, engulfing the V, VII and VIII nerves, without infiltrating them, resembling anything but a schwannoma. A frozen section of the tumour revealed a surprising result: high grade glioma. The surgical excision continued in a piece-meal fashion, using the ultrasonic aspirator with preservation of the cranial nerves until an almost complete removal was achieved.
 
The immediate postop evolution of the patient was favourable. Nevertheless, the final histopathological diagnosis confirmed a grade IV glioblastoma. Oncological treatmend followed, but the tumour relapsed in 2 months after surgery, the control MRI revealing a multilocular tumoral dissemination in the cerebellum and brainstem which was surgically unsalvageable.
 
Conclusion
Glioblastoma of the CPA, manifesting both imagistically and clinically as a vestibular schwannoma is a rare entity but nevertheless extant, that dramatically changes the prognosis and postop evolution of a patient. Physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of such tumours must always be suspicious of the usual suspects in the CPA.
COMPLICATIONS IN PERIPHERAL NERVE SURGERY
Authors: Savić Andrija , Lepić Milan , Mićić Aleksa , Grujić Jovan , Rasulić Lukas
Published: November 2024

Peripheral nerve surgery is a rapidly advancing field that provides promising treatment options for a variety of neurological disorders and traumatic injuries. However, with this progress comes the potential for various complications, which require a deep understanding of their occurrence, prevention, and management. This paper provides an illustrative case series highlighting the diverse complications encountered in clinical practice, complemented with a comprehensive review of the literature, detailing their frequency, causative factors, and outcomes. Additionally, it presents a series of illustrative cases. These cases emphasize the importance of vigilance, meticulous surgical technique, and proper postoperative care to minimize complications and enhance patient outcomes in peripheral nerve surgery. By integrating empirical evidence with real-world clinical examples, this paper aims to contribute to the collective knowledge base, promoting improved patient care and safety in this dynamic area of neurosurgery.
MICROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF BRAIN ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Vieira Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Despite recent advances in endovascular and radiosurgical treatment, microsurgery remains the modality of choice for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), with a high radiological cure rate. This presentation will demonstrate strategies for patient selection and timing for surgical treatment, as well as nuances of the microsurgical technique necessary for the adequate treatment of bAVMs. Selection of surgical approaches, extensive subarachnoid dissection, strategies for dealing with bAVMs in eloquent areas, how to handle deep feeding arteries, among other nuances will be demonstrated with case examples and surgical videos.
MICROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY ANEURYSMS
Authors: Vieira Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Since the publication of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT), there has been a significant change in the way cerebral aneurysms are treated. In many centers, there has been a drastic decrease in the number of cases treated by microsurgery, with endovascular treatment becoming the modality of choice. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, however, pose a real challenge to endovascular treatment, due to the tortuosity of the vessel and to the high rate of wide neck aneurysmas in this location, often with branches originating from the neck of the aneurysm itself. Our study provides a literature review, comparing the results of surgical and endovascular treatment for MCA aneurysms. Additionally, case examples will be presented with surgical videos, showing the nuances of the microsurgical technique required to manage these aneurysms. The clinical and radiological results of more than 120 cases are presented and compared to the results of endovascular treatment in a large treatment center in Brazil.
TREATMENT OF PARACLINOID ANEURYSMS IN THE FLOW DIVERTER ERA
Authors: Vieira Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Paraclinoid aneurysms are among the most complex for microsurgical treatment. Their proximity to the skull base, need for anterior clinoidectomy, lack of adequate proximal control, and frequent large/giant morphology make microsurgical treatment truly challenging. Recently, after the development of flow diverter stents and subsequent FDA approval for the treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms, microsurgery has virtually been abandoned as a treatment modality for these aneurysms in many centers. However, there are still cases in which open surgical treatment will be necessary, such as ruptured aneurysms, aneurysms with mass effect on the optic pathways, patients allergic to antiplatelet agents, and recurrence after endovascular treatment. In this presentation, case examples will be demonstrated with surgical videos highlighting nuances of the surgical techniques required to manage such lesions. Surgical results (clinical and radiological) of a series of more than 80 patients will be demonstrated.
تحليل البيانات المغلفة في البنوك التجارية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: التميمي حسين عبدالله
Published: November 2024

إن تحليل الأداء للبنوك يعد ذا أهمية كبيرة لكل من المودعين والمقترضين والحكومة. الهدف من البحث هو محاولة تحديد البنك الأفضل أداء والبنك الأقل أداء نسبياًّ من بين البنوك التجارية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. البحث أيضاً يهدف إلى ترتيب البنوك حسب درجة الكفاءة. ومن أهم النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها: أن غالبية البنوك التجارية كانت غير كفوءة بموجب نموذج تحليل البيانات المغلفة والمؤشرات التقليدية. كما أن البنوك التجارية الوطنية كانت نسبياًّ أكثر كفاءة من فروع البنوك التجارية الأجنبية العاملة في البلد. وقد أشار تحليل نسبتين تقليديتين وهما: نسبة القروض إلى الودائع، ونسبة القروض إلى مجموع الأصول بأن البنوك التجارية لم تستخدم الموارد المتاحة بالشكل المطلوب. وتشير النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها باستخدام كل من نموذج تحليل البيانات المغلفة والنسب المالية التقليدية إلى عدم تطابق النتائج وهذا يتوافق مع ما تم التوصل إليه في الدراسات السابقة.
الخوارزميات البطيئة لإيجاد الحل الأمثل لنوعية خاصة من المسائل العشوائية المتقطعة
Authors: الخميس طلال ماضي
Published: November 2024

في حقل العلوم الإدارية، وبحوث العمليات، والهندسة الصناعية لايكون كافياً تقدير الأداء وحسابه في الأنظمة العشوائية المعقدة. فمثلا: مسؤول مراقبة الإنتاج يود معرفة احتمال تغطية الطلب على سلعة في ظل مستوى من المخزون ومستوى ثابت من الطلب. ولكن سيكون له اهتمام أكثر بمعرفة المستوى الأمثل لقيم المخزون وقيم الطلب، تلك التي من شأنها أن تعظم قيمة الاحتمال. في هذه الدراسة تم تقديم صيغتين لخوارزميات الأنظمة البطيئة لإيجاد الحل الأمثل لنوعية خاصة من المسائل العشوائية المتقطعة، مثل النظام الخوارزمي الأساسي؛ حيث إن المقترحين يستخدمان ظاهرة الانتقال لحل غير مثالي في مراحل البحث. المقترح الأول يختار آخر مرحلة يقف عندها الخوارزمي لتكون هي نقطة الحل الأمثل، بينما يختار المقترح الثاني أكثر نقطة تمت زيارتها من قبل الخوارزمي لتكون هي نقطة الحل الأمثل. وقد تم عرض نتائج حسابية لتطبيق المقترحين.
الرضا الوظيفي لمندوبي المبيعات في القطاع الخاص السعودي: دراسة ميدانية على منظمات القطاع الخاص بالمنطقة الشرقية
Authors: الباحسين سامي بن عبدالله
Published: November 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لدى مندوبي المبيعات السعوديين وغير السعوديين في القطاع الخاص السعودي، وتأثير الصفات الشخصية (العمر، و المستوى التعليمي، والراتب، والخبرة) على درجة الرضا الوظيفي. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم توزيع 1560 استبانة على مندوبي المبيعات في 285 منظمة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: (1) أن متوسط الرضا الوظيفي العام لمندوبي المبيعات غير السعوديين أعلى وبدلالة إحصائية عن متوسط الرضا الوظيفي لمندوبي المبيعات السعوديين. (2) مثل كل من عنصر الراتب، والشعور بالأمان والاستقرار الوظيفي، والترقيات و المكافآت أهم عناصر الرضا الوظيفي لكل من مندوبي المبيعات غير السعوديين ومندوبي المبيعات غير السعوديين. (3) أن هناك علاقة طردية بين الراتب والرضا الوظيفي لكل من مندوبي المبيعات السعوديين وغير السعوديين. أن هناك علاقة عكسية بين المستوى التعليمي والرضا الوظيفي لمندوبي المبيعات السعوديين، بينما لم تثبت الدراسة وجود علاقة للمندوبين غير السعوديين. أن هناك علاقة عكسية بين سنوات الخبرة والرضا الوظيفي لمندوبي المبيعات السعوديين، بينما أثبتت الدراسة أن هناك علاقة طردية بين سنوات الخبرة والرضا الوظيفي لمندوبي المبيعات غير السعوديين. وأخيراً، لم تجد الدراسة أية علاقة بين العمر والرضا الوظيفي لكل من الفئتين.
Evaluating strategic approaches to energy transition: leadership, policy, and innovation in European countries
Authors: Krasniqi Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This paper explores the strategic challenges of transitioning to renewable energy in various EU countries while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Methodology/Approach: The research utilises case studies to analyse national policies, stakeholder engagement, and the EU's role, particularly through the European Green Deal. Findings: Germany faces grid stability issues, Denmark excels in public-private partnerships, and Spain effectively utilises its solar resources. Research Limitations/Implications: Future research could investigate the scalability of these strategies in other regions. Practical Implications: The findings offer practical insights for regions transitioning to low-carbon energy systems. Social Implications: Inclusive stakeholder engagement is essential for minimising public opposition to renewable energy projects. Originality/Value: This research contributes novel insights to the literature on renewable energy transitions by integrating leadership, policy, and innovation strategies within a comparative, multi-country European framework.
КАРДИОМИОПАТИЯ ТАКОЦУБО В ПОСЛЕРОДОВОМ ПЕРИОДЕ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ
Authors: Л.К. Каражанова , А.А. Чиныбаева , А.Ю. Орехов
Published: November 2024

Кардиомиопатия Такоцубо является редким клиническим синдромом, основой клинической манифестации которого является обратимая систолическая дисфункция левого желудочка. Наиболее часто дебют заболевания проявляется симптомами острой коронарной недостаточности, в ряде случаев имитируюя клиническую картину инфаркта миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST. Кардиомиопатия Такоубо наиболее часто втречается у женщин старше 70 лет. При этом описаны немногочисленные случаи развития данной патологии у беременных женщин и практически единичные – в послеродовый период. В данной статье представлен клинический случай развития кардиомиопатии Такоцубо у повторнородящей женщины в позднем послеродовом периоде и представлены наиболее актуальные данные о принципах диагностики данной патологии.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by reversible systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. The disease typically presents with symptoms of acute coronary insufficiency, often mimicking the clinical picture of myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy most commonly affects women over 70 years of age. There are few documented cases of this condition occurring in pregnant women and almost none in the postpartum period. This article presents a clinical case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a multiparous woman during the late postpartum period and provides current insights into the principles of diagnosing this pathology.

Такоцубо кардиомиопатиясы – өте сирек кездесетін клиникалық синдром, оның клиникалық көрінісі сол жақ қарыншаның систолалық дисфункциясынаның қатымдылығына негізделген. Көбінесе аурудың басталуы жедел коронарлық жеткіліксіздік белгілерімен көрінеді, кейбір жағдайларда ST сегментінің көтерілуімен миокард инфарктісінің клиникалық көрінісіне ұқсас келеді. Такоцубо кардиомиопатиясы 70 жастан асқан әйелдерде жиі кездеседі. Сонымен қатар, жүкті әйелдерде осы патологияның дамуының бірнеше жағдайлары және босанғаннан кейінгі кезеңде сирек кездесетін жағдайлар сипатталған. Бұл мақалада босанғаннан кейінгі кеш кезеңдегі қайтадан босанған әйелдегі Такоцубо кардиомиопатиясының дамуының клиникалық жағдайы ұсынылған, сонымен қатар осы патологияны диагностикалау әдістері туралы ең заманауи деректер келтірілген.
Загадка «Чина» / пуб­ликация С. А. Петуховой
Authors: М.П. Рахманова
Published: November 2024

В статье впервые сделана попытка рассмотрения неизвестного специалистам, никогда ранее не публиковавшегося источника — Десяти антифонов из «Чина архиерейского отпевания». Поскольку местонахождение автографа этих песно­пений не установлено и наличествует только копия, определение ее авторства закономерно связано с персоной Д. Б. Кабалевского, чье имя указано на титульном листе источника вместе с датой (1964). Данная копия в настоящее время хранится в семейном архиве композитора, что, однако, не приближает к установлению его возможных связей с возникновением Антифонов. Вторая сюжетная линия повествования связана с автором их словесного текста — митрополитом Мануилом (Лемешевским, 1884–1968), который на протяжении почти десятилетия упорно стремился получить благословение Патриархом этого текста и в результате добился своего.

The present article is the first attempt to con­sider a source unknown to specialists, never pre­viously published—the Ten Antiphons from the “Funeral Rite for Bishops.” Since the location of the autograph of these chants has not been established and only a copy is available, the determination of its authorship is naturally associated with the person of D. B. Kabalevsky, whose name is indicated on the title page of the source along with the date (1964). This copy is currently stored in the composer’s family archive, which, however, does not bring him any closer to establishing his possible connections with the emergence of Antiphon. The second storyline of the narration is connected with the author of their verbal text—Metropolitan Manuel (Lemeshevsky, 1884–1968), who throughout almost persistently sought to receive the blessing of the Patriarch of this text and as a result achieved his goal.
К вопросу об авторстве «Антифонов из „Чина архиерейского отпевания“»
Authors: Н.Ю. Плотникова
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема ав­торства хоровых «Антифонов» из редкого богослужебного чина отпевания архиереев, изучаются и развиваются положения и доводы, представленные в статье М. П. Рахмановой на ту же тему. По материа­лам переписки митрополита Мануила (Лемешевского), автора текста «Чина», и воспоминаний о нем восстанавливается процесс создания «Антифонов», завершенный к марту 1957 года. В результате анализа гармонии, фактуры, динамики сделаны выводы о том, что сочинение демонстрирует определенную ограниченность средств выразительности и в то же время некоторые отличия от традиций православного богослужебного пения, певческого обихода. Статья вводит в научный оборот новые материалы об авторе цикла — Николае Львовиче Качалове (1911–1997). Гипотеза об авторстве Д. Б. Кабалевского признана несостоятельной.

The article examines the problem of the choral “Antiphons” authorship from the rare liturgical rite of funeral services for bishops. The author surveys and develops the theses and arguments presented in the article by M. P. Rakhmanova on the same topic. The process of creating the “Antiphons,” completed by March 1957, is restored on the basis of the corres­pondence of Metropolitan Manuel (Lemeshevsky) who wrote the text of the Rite, as well as on recollections of him. As a result of the harmony, texture, and dynamic profile analysis, it was concluded that the composition shows a certain limitation of the means of expression, as well as some deviations from the traditions of Orthodox liturgical singing practice. The article con­tains new materials concerning the author of the cycle, Nikolai L’vovich Kachalov (1911–1997). The hypo­thesis about the authorship of D. B. Kabalevsky is recognized as untenable.
Полифонические метаморфозы: о цикле «24 прелюдии и фуги» Виктора Полторацкого
Authors: И.И. Васирук
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена «24 прелюдиям и фугам» Виктора Полторацкого (1949–1985), которые занимают важное место в эволюции полифонического цикла в отечественной музыке XX столетия. Их необычность заключается во времени создания — в самом начале творческого пути композитора, что скорее можно считать исключением, ведь многие отечественные композиторы обращались к крупному полифоническому циклу в поздний период творчества. Однако для В. Полторацкого это сочинение является далеко не первым в галерее циклических опусов. В статье рассматриваются композиционные и художественно-содержательные аспекты «24 прелюдий и фуг». Выразительно-смысловая сущность цикла раскрывается в жанровых и структурных характеристиках прелюдий, интонационных особенностях компонентов фуг, их композиционных решений, а также в своеобразии сопоставлений прелюдий и фуг в малых циклах. Отмечены полистилистические тенденции, которые проявляются в многочисленных цитатах, свободных и варьированных, а также аллюзиях, рождающих различные ассоциации.

The article spotlights “24 Preludes and Fu­gues” by Victor Poltoratsky (1949–1985), which occupies an im­portant place in the evolution of the poly­pho­nic cycle in Russian music of the 20th century. The unusualness of the cycle lies in the time of its creation—at the very beginning of the composer’s artistic path, which is quite rare. Many Russian com­posers turned to a polyphonic cycle in the late period of their work. However, for V. Poltoratsky, this essay cycle is far from the first in the gallery of cyclic opuses. The article discusses the compositional and artistic-content features of the “24 Preludes and Fugues,” which reflected the stylistic features of the composer. The expressive and semantic essence of the cycle is revealed in the genre and structural characteristics of the preludes, intonation features of the fugue components, their compositional solutions, as well as in the originality of comparisons of preludes and fugues in small cycles. Polystylistic tendencies are expressed in numerous quotations that are used freely and variously and allusions that evoke various associations.
Плейлист для плохого настроения: проклятия в операх Верди и Вагнера
Authors: А.Г. Филонович
Published: November 2024

Мотив проклятия стал одним из ключевых элементов романтической оперы благодаря сочетанию в нем уникальных и контрастирующих друг с другом качеств: миметичности и магического характера, перформативности и поэтической образности. Драматургическое значение проклятий было тесно связано с социальным и культурным контекстом их появления. На примере опер Джузеппе Верди и Рихарда Вагнера автор демонстрирует, как мотив проклятия использовался композиторами и либреттистами для трансформации музыкальной формы и выразительных средств, как в нем оказались запечатлены две линии развития классической гармонии. Систематизируя атрибуты проклятий в разных операх, автор описывает подходы двух композиторов и анализирует их развитие со временем.

The curse motif became one of the key ele­ments of Romantic opera due to its combination of unique and contrasting qualities: mimetic and magical character, performativity, and poetic imagery. The dramaturgical meaning of curses was closely linked to their creation’s social and cultural context. In the example of operas by Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner, the author demonstrates how the curse motif was used to transform musical form and expressive means and capture two lines of development of classical harmony. The author systematizes the attributes of curses in different operas, describes the approaches of two composers, and analyses their development over time.
The Soviet Propaganda at the Beginning of the USSR War against Finalnd in the Winter of 1939-1940
Authors: Șișcanu Ion , Șișcanu Daniela
Published: November 2024

In the autumn of 1939, after the Soviet-German split of Poland, the Soviet Union imperatively requested Finland to surrender an important part of the Karel Isthmus and the Hanko Peninsula. The Finnish government refused to comply with the Soviet demands. On November the 26th, the Soviets have staged an incident during which the Soviet artillery bombed a region of the border village of Mainila, for which they blamed Finland. The Finland government declined any responsibility for the incident and refused to retreat the armed forces it had in the area. The refusal was used by the Soviet Union as a reason to break the non-aggression pact. On November the 30th, the Red Army attacked Finland. On December 1st 1939, a puppet government was created in Moscow and the Democrat Finnish Republic was proclaimed, led by Otto Kuusinen. The creation of this republic had both propagandistic and diplomatic reasons. The Kuusinen government became the only Finnish government the USSR would accept. The Soviet governing forces sought at “reuniting” the Karelians with Finland in one socialist state and thus to integrate it in the Soviet Union.
Historical Research Methodology concerning the Jews from Romania during World War II
Authors: Stan Florin
Published: November 2024

The condition of the Jews in Romania during the last world war has become a centre for historiographic debate especially during the last post ’89 decade, when the opening of the approach of a direct research circumscribed to the unveiling of the “Jewish problem” was obvious, despite the continuation in following certain directions of subjective interpretation of the Antonescu regime by some of the contributions. The lack of fluency and unity in the historiographic discourse regarding the approached theme was also due to the non-utilization of the sources which are indispensable to any historian: documents of archive.If the contemporary history of any society is being studied with greater difficulty than any other period of the past, people being relatively close to the events and having a propensity toward partiality in judgments, this fact is more easily verifiable when the subject is the otherness. Therefore, the classical principle of the study of history, sine ira et studio, is being inevitably tested in the case of contemporary period. However, history is only one. Starting from this premise we don’t have to agree with dichotomies of the kind: “Jewish historians / non-Jewish historians” or “true, active historians / false historians”. Beyond a given polemic within the domain, fertile for the research, this thing can be sometimes translated by dividing the community of historians into rival factions, which in some cases are difficult to be reconciled. The responsibility of the historian remains sovereign and increases once his disposition exceeds the interpretation of diplomatic confrontations or specific circumstances to the history of international relations, aiming to approach what the war really meant, an inferno for countless innocent people, children, women, elders, who were remote in relationship with the politics of the time. Since crimes are unjustifiable regardless the circumstances, any approach that attempts to sustain the contrary, either within the broader context of generalized sufferance caused by the political-military confrontations, or subsequent to a simplistic interpretation of the cause-effect kind is depriving the historical writing of its equidistant contributions. The manicheist language which leaves no room for nuances can’t ever represent a historiography which aims at an objective approach, a scientific one, of events and facts of the past, in the benefit of all the ones who are willing to recuperate memory in the virtue of consolidating a future unshadowed by the horrors of a revolute time.
The Great directions of Cameroon’s Economic Policies during President Ahmadou Ahidjo’s Political Regime, from 1960 to 1982: a Historical Analysis
Authors: Etamane Mahop Alain Thomas
Published: November 2024

The history of Cameroon is yet to be written. However, Cameroon can only make history starting from the material elements shaping its evolution, elements having succeeded the test of time. In Cameroon, as everywhere else in Central, Southern, Western or Eastern Africa, the years that followed its independence were marked by severe socio-economic mutations and have led to the transformation of the economic outlook in these newly independent states. In this phase of economic boom, Cameroon could not stay behind. Under the guidance of President Ahmadou Ahidjo, the orientation of economic policies reached the phase of planned liberalism on one hand and selfcentered development on the other hand. The hereby paper depicts the way in which Cameroon, in the dawn of its independence, has elaborated its strategies of progressively reviving all the key sectors of its economy by employing a planned liberalism and a self-centered development. It also presents the factors having led to the various economic mutations, the major axes seen as the core elements of Cameroon’s social and economic development.
Greek Merchants in the Romanian Principalities in the 16th Century. The Case of Nikolaos Domesticos Nevridis
Authors: Apetrei Cristian Nicolae
Published: November 2024

The paper aims to reconstitute the biography of one of the most important Greek middlemen in the trade between Lemberg and the East – the merchant Nikolaos Domesticos Nevridis of Chios. Involved as early as the period of his apprenticeship in the profitable trade which linked the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, through Poland and Moldavia, to the Eastern Mediterranean, Nevridis intuited correctly the place of Moldavia in the European economic trade, as well as the opportunities which this position brought. The choice of a residence in Moldavia led him further to the involvement in credit relations with the local elite and increased his chances of profit by getting key positions in the local fiscal system. In a short time, the combination of his trading abilities with the privileges granted by the Moldavian princes turned him into one of the greatest Moldavian businessmen from the end of the 16th century. Importer of expensive furs in Moldavia, exporter of wines and Moldavian oxen to Poland, Nevridis was also involved in an important transit trade with two types of high quality merchandise: the Cretan Malvasia wine, mainly destined to the Polish market, and the Western cloths, which, most probably, were sent to the Constantinopolitan market. Nevridis’ destiny reveals not only the profit opportunities determined by Moldavia’s geographical position and the privileged relations with its princes, but also the immense risks generated by such activities.
The Alexander Romance as Educational Book during the Russian Middle Ages
Authors: Costandachi Alexandru
Published: November 2024

Medieval Russia, connected to Byzantine culture through numerous works that came via the southern Slavs, derived part of its general knowledge from the Novel of Alexander, known in the Russian cultural milieu in its Bulgarian and Serbian versions. Valuable historical, geographical or mythological information allowed medieval Russians to regard the world in new ways, a fact that turned Alexander Romance into the second most read book of that time (after the Bible). The diversity of knowledge provided by this novel made it a veritable Encyclopaedia of Russian Middle Ages.
Trade and Shipping on the maritime Danube during the Interwar Period (1919–1938)
Authors: David Alexandru
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the evolution of trade and shipping via the Danubian ports of Brăila, Galaţi and Sulina, which faced, after 1918, the new economic realities and aspirations of Greater Romania. The decline of Brăila and Galaţi continued, as the central Romanian authorities did not encourage their development, and the local communities did not manage to adapt themselves to the new economic and social conditions of the interwar period.
The Wonderworking Icon from Vlădeşti, Galaţi County
Authors: Drăgoi Eugen
Published: November 2024

The paper refers to a forgotten wonderworking icon of Virgin Mary, preserved in the church of Vlădeşti village, Galaţi county. According to accounts of contemporary witnesses, the icon wept in 1865, a fact that led the ecclesiastic authorities conduct an official investigation. The author includes this moment in a larger context, with references to the history of the village, of the local churches and the priests who served in Vlădeşti.
The Socio-Economic Development in Cameroon and the Major Political Implications in the Eastern Region from 1987 to 2000
Authors: Etamane Mahop Alain Thomas
Published: November 2024

The start of the economic crisis in Cameroon, in 1986-1987, constrained the State to reshape its economic policy and to secure the help of the IMF in order to get the upper hand on this plague which damaged the established social structures. During the years 1988-1989, Cameroon entered a period of real economic revival through its submission to the plans of structural adjustment which aimed to re-establish the macro-economic mechanisms. This analysis aims to describe the political strategies conceived in order to accomplish the social and economic development of Eastern-Cameroun.
Holism versus Personalism, in the Theology of Fr. Schleiermacher (Rejection of Theism and of Personal Eschatology)
Authors: Nedu Ovidiu
Published: November 2024

Traditionally, Christian metaphysics relied to a very high extent on the concept of „person”. The personal condition was an irreducible ontological unit, both in case of the divine nature and in case of human nature, under all its modalities. Liberal theologies, starting even with the founder of Liberalism, Friedrich Schleiermacher, challenged this approach, considering it as the result of a naive and archaic view of the Universe and of the deity. Instead of it, they proposeda holist theology, where everything exists for the sake of its participation in the Whole (considered either as the divinity itself or, at least, as a perfect aspect of the divine).Schleiermacher proposes a kind of Panentheism, that sees the Universe, the harmonic totality as the divine aspect the most proximate to human experience;hence, Schleiermacher bases all his theological debates on this holist concept of the divine, without going further into ontological analysis and discarding the traditional theistic view. Also, the human personality is not seen anymore as ultimate, but rather as a „function”, a „part” of the whole, which finds its reasons to be not in individual preservation, in individual post-mortem survival (as in traditional theologies), but in its total surrendering and even dissolution into Totality.
The Importance of the Danube Delta for the Local Population and for the Tsarist Authorities during the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Ciobanu Igor
Published: November 2024

The paper presents, on the basis of unpublished sources preserved at the Central Archives of the Republic of Moldova, the economic conditions of the inhabitants living in the Danube Delta during the period 1829 to 1856, when the area was part of the Russian Empire. The development of Danubian navigation after the Peace of Adrianople had a counter effect for the local communities in the Danube Delta area, now a “hot” border area between the Russian and the Ottoman empires. However, these inhabitants continued their traditional occupations (fishing, the exploitation of the rich resources of reed, the cultivation of plants on the agricultural estates in several Danubian islands, breeding of livestock, etc.). At the same time, starting in the 1840s, the Russian authorities became more interested to lease these areas to private contractors and get new incomes to the state budget.
A Robust Numerical Method For The Singularly Perturbed Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Arslan Derya , Celık Ercan
Published: November 2024

In the present study, NIM is given to approximate the solution of SPFIDEs. As a first step, the FDM on a uniform mesh is used, followed by the TM for integrals. After these calculations, the difference equation is obtained in the form of a system of equations. This system of equations is solved with the TA. Finally, example applications are made, showing the accuracy and economics of the presented method.
Gruppen- und Individualführung in der Schule. Die pastorale Verfasstheit der Schulklasse zwischen Verwaltung und Pädagogik
Authors: Töpper Daniel , Caruso Marcelo , Isensee Fanny
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag zielt im Sinne einer Historisierung der Schulklasse darauf ab, diese als Ort der Inszenierung und Etablierung einer pastoralen Beziehung zwischen Lehrperson und Schüler*innengruppe darzustellen. Die Entstehung der Schulklasse wird als Ergebnis einer pädagogischen und administrativ-organisatorischen Aus- und Umgestaltung des Schulunterrichts thematisiert, die als eine Mischform differenter und konkurrierender Logiken verstanden wird. Die „pastorale Sorge“ (vgl. Foucault 2004) um die Klasse wird dabei als Aktualisierung bzw. Erweiterung der Sorge um das einzelne Kind diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
The Go-Between. Überlegungen zur Rolle Klassenlehrkraft und zur Krisenhaftigkeit des Geschehens in Schulklassen – am Beispiel der Figur François Marin im Film "Die Klasse"
Authors: Proske Matthias
Published: November 2024

Dass die Gegenläufigkeit von Vollzugslogiken, Konstitutionsbedingungen und normativen Erwartungen wiederkehrend die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Krisen und Konflikte in der Schulklasse erhöht, ist Ausgangspunkt für die Frage, wie die Klassenlehrkraft in diese Krisenhaftigkeit verstrickt ist. Argumentiert wird dabei auf der Grundlage einer theoretisch erweiterten Bestimmung der Rolle Klassenlehrkraft, die im spannungsreichen In-Between von Organisations- und Gruppenerwartungen verortet wird. Für die Untersuchung greift der Beitrag auf ausgewählte Erzählstränge und Dramatisierungen des Films „Die Klasse“ zurück, um an ihnen nachzuzeichnen, wie die Figur des Klassenlehrers in das Krisengeschehen involviert wird bzw. sich involviert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Die Herstellung einer gemeinsamen Ordnung am Schulanfang. Eine Rekonstruktion an einem Beispiel aus dem Morgenkreis
Authors: Katenbrink Nora , Wagener Uta
Published: November 2024

Eine Schulklasse stellt zunächst einen organisatorisch hergestellten Interaktionsraum dar, in dem sich Unterricht vollziehen kann. Aus praxeologischer Perspektive konstituiert sich dieser Raum durch Praktiken, durch die eine gemeinsame Ordnung hervorgebracht und bearbeitet wird. So bilden Schulklassen spezifische Leistungsordnungen oder Klassenidentitäten aus. Wie diese gemeinsame Ordnung in einer jahrgangsübergreifenden Schuleingangsstufe, die ca. zur Hälfte aus neuen Schüler*innen besteht, im Morgenkreis hervorgebracht wird und wie sich wiederum die einzelnen Schüler*innen zu dieser Ordnung und innerhalb dieser gemeinsamen Ordnung positionieren, wird hier im Folgenden rekonstruktiv nachgezeichnet. (DIPF/Orig.)
Die Schulklasse – ein triadisch strukturierter Bildungsraum
Authors: Rauh Bernhard
Published: November 2024

Im Beitrag wird die Schulklasse als Bildungsraum modelliert, der von spezifischen Sozialbeziehungen einer Organisation und von unspezifischen Beziehungen, die auch durch Übertragungen geprägt sind, strukturiert wird. Es wird die erziehungswissenschaftlich relevante Frage bearbeitet, mit welcher Vorstellung der schulische Bildungsraum, die zwei Beziehungsformen und deren Wechselwirkung intelligibel erfasst werden können. Für die theoretische Modellierung erscheint eine triadische Struktur brauchbar, in der die Praktiken von Schüler*innen und Lehrkräften als Individuen auf die Organisationseinheit Schulklasse und auf deren emotional-soziales Pendant Klassengruppe bezogen repräsentiert werden (Triade Schulklasse-Individuum-Klassengruppe). (DIPF/Orig.)
Zur Betrachtung der Schulklasse als relationalem Prozess. Gegenstandstheoretische Auseinandersetzungen in sozialtheoretischer Perspektive
Authors: Rabenstein Kerstin , Hübner Marco , Wicke Lars
Published: November 2024

Wie kann die Schulklasse sozialtheoretisch angemessen als ein empirisch zu untersuchendes Phänomen bestimmt werden? In diesem Beitrag wird die Schulklasse aus praxistheoretischer Perspektive als ein sozialer Zusammenhang entworfen, der in der Fokussierung von Verkörperungen, Materialisierungen und Affizierungen als ein permanentes Werden, das in Beziehung zu Vorangegangenem steht, empirisch erforschbar gemacht werden kann. Nach einer Auseinandersetzung mit sozialpsychologischen, systemtheoretischen und netzwerkanalytischen Bestimmungen der Schulklasse wird eine praxistheoretische Perspektivierung skizziert und an empirischen Indizien aus einer ethnografischen Studie zum Anfang neuer 5. Klassen ausgeführt. Im Fazit formulieren die Autor*innen Überlegungen zur Positioniertheit der Forschenden in einer ethnografischen Forschung zur Schulklasse. (DIPF/Orig.)
Kamerad*innen, Peers oder Freunde? Organisationstheoretische Reflexionen der Schulklasse am Beispiel des Abschreibens
Authors: Goldmann Daniel , Katenbrink Nora
Published: November 2024

Anstatt von Schüler*innen von Peers zu sprechen, wenn sie von den schulischen Erwartungen abweichen oder diesen zuwiderhandeln, schlägt der Beitrag den Begriff der Kameradschaft unter Schüler*innen vor. Damit wird das abweichende Verhalten der Schüler*innen nicht einer der Schule äußerlichen Welt wie z. B. einer Jugendkultur zugeschrieben oder ihr Ursprung ungeklärt gelassen, sondern über eine organisationstheoretische Rahmung als typisch kollegiales bzw. kameradschaftliches Verhalten verstanden, das in allen Organisationen beobachtbar ist. Die Schulklasse kann damit als Paradefall für organisationale Untereinheiten und ihre Beziehungsstrukturen gesehen werden. Dies wird anhand von empirischen Schüler*innenkommentierungen zum Abschreiben von Hausaufgaben verdeutlicht. Darin dokumentiert sich die Schulklasse als Solidargemeinschaft, in der jede*r inkludiert ist und die von allen Schüler*innen gleichermaßen getragen wird. Da somit Abschreiben nicht nur nachträglich für die schulischen Ziele sind, sondern auch einen Beitrag für das schulische Interesse an Gemeinschaftsbildung darstellt, kann das Abschreiben für die Schule – und nicht nur aus der Perspektive der Schüler*innen – als nützlich und somit als ‚brauchbare Illegalität‘ verstanden werden. (DIPF/Orig.)
Wie lässt sich die Schulklasse rekonstruieren? Eine praxeologisch-wissenssoziologische Perspektive am Beispiel politischer Schulklassenmilieus
Authors: Jahr David
Published: November 2024

Aus praxeologisch-wissenssoziologischer Sicht ist das empirische Problem am Phänomen Schulklasse, dass sie keinen Handlungsraum ‚an sich‘ hat, sondern sich v.a. als Teil des Unterrichtsmilieus konstituiert. Damit ist sie eng verknüpft mit Lehrperson und fachkulturellen Aspekten. Um sich der Schulklasse zumindest aspekthaft und situativ annähern zu können, bedarf es einer empiriebasierten, sozialwissenschaftlichen Vergewisserung und eines, das Klassenkollektiv aktivierenden, Unterrichtssettings. Der Beitrag stellt einen Zugang zur Schulklasse als Forschungsgegenstand aus Sicht der Praxeologischen Wissenssoziologie dar und illustriert am Beispiel einer dokumentarischen Videostudie zur Dorfgründungssimulation unterschiedliche politische Schulklassenmilieus. Im Ergebnis lassen sich Schulklassen bezüglich ihrer alltagspolitischen Handlungspraxis typenhaft als Integration, Distinktion oder Destruktion ausdifferenzieren. (DIPF/Orig.)
Jahrgang oder Klasse? Zur (Un-)Sichtbarkeit der Schulklasse in der Professionalisierung angehender Lehrer*innen
Authors: Brack Lydia
Published: November 2024

Angehende Lehrer*innen werden im Sprechen über Unterricht in Schulklassen professionalisiert. Wie aber in Profession und Lehrer*innenbildung auf Schulklassen geblickt wird, ist kaum beforscht. Der Beitrag betrachtet in poststrukturalistischer Perspektive das Sprechen über Schulklassen als Realfiktionen des Schulsystems im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kollektivierungen und Individualisierungen. Gefragt wird, welche Wissensordnungen über Klassen aufgerufen und als wer werdende Lehrer*innen dabei adressiert werden. Die Rekonstruktionen zweier Eckfälle aus Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen verweisen auf eine Varianz im Sprechen über Schulklassen: Ein differenzinkludierender Blick auf die Schulklasse adressiert angehende Professionelle als Gestaltende desselben. Dem gegenüber steht die ideale Norm eines homogenisierenden Blicks auf die Jahrgangsschwächsten. (DIPF/Orig.)
Aislamiento de exosomas a partir de biopsia líquida y su potencial aplicación en la clínica
Authors: Morales Suárez Paula Daniela , Molina  Franco Nicolás , Rodríguez García Josefa Antonia
Published: November 2024

Los exosomas son microvesículas extracelulares secretadas por las células que han cobrado gran importancia por su potencial aplicación en la clínica para la identificación de nuevos biomarcadores de diagnóstico, pronóstico y seguimiento de enfermedades como el cáncer, o para determinar su potencial aplicación terapéutica. Dado que estas vesículas se encuentran de forma natural en fluidos corporales tales como sangre, orina o saliva, es posible aislarlas a partir de una biopsia líquida para analizar su contenido, dilucidar su interacción con diferentes poblaciones celulares (crosstalk) y determinar su efecto durante el desarrollo de una patología particular. En esta revisión abordamos los últimos hallazgos relacionados con el diseño y la aplicación de terapias que emplean vesículas extracelulares, particularmente exosomas, para el tratamiento del cáncer o como biomarcadores de diagnóstico, pronóstico o seguimiento de la enfermedad.