bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Climate Approach and in Context of Environment Economy: A Classical Analyze Matters.
Authors: Rahat Sarmad , Khan Pathan Muhammad Shoaib
Published: October 2021

In the worldwide world, the climate has become a scant asset. Since the economy is tied in with adapting to asset shortage, the climate and the economy are interconnected. Then again, it is additionally evident that the economy, which types both confident and negative outwardness, effects the environment. Hence, it is unconceivable to imagine handling ecological issues from the out of the economy. Today, there are some monetary movements, for example, increasing use reliant on spending middles, city reestablishment, fast public growth, and so on one method of tackling the economy is to assurance that the expenditures and compensations of natural events are adjusted. While it is hard to appraise the expenditures and rewards, there is a developing interest for this to occur before monetary movement. Monetary and usual goals are frequently seen as opposing. It is putative that a choice must be made amongst one and the additional, and this can't be talented concurrently. To alteration this discernment, certain actions must be occupied at both the community and international levels. Now, a real usual review is important consistently to assurance a green economy. In this investigation, we drive look at what has been complete on the earth as to the green economy. In this specific circumstance, we will take a gander at what we need to do in Turkey as far as enactment.
Design The Modified Multi Practical Swarm Optimization To Enhance Fraud Detection
Authors: Muter Zainab Khamees , Molood Abeer Tariq
Published: October 2021

Financial fraud remains an ever-increasing problem in the financial industry with numerous consequences. The detection of fraudulent online transactions via credit cards has always been done using data mining (DM) techniques. However, fraud detection on credit card transactions (CCTs), which on its own, is a DM problem, has become a serious challenge because of two major reasons, (i) the frequent changes in the pattern of normal and fraudulent online activities, and (ii) the skewed nature of credit card fraud datasets. The detection of fraudulent CCTs mainly depends on the data sampling approach. This paper proposes a combined SVM- MPSO-MMPSO technique for credit card fraud detection. The dataset of CCTs which consists of 284,807 transactions performed by European cardholders in 2013 was used in this study. The proposed technique was applied to both the raw dataset and the pre-processed dataset. The performance of these techniques is evaluated based on accuracy, and the fastest time it takes to detect fraud. This paper, proposed a technique that uses SVM, MPSO and MMPSO to form an ensemble for the detection of credit card fraud
On Semisecond Submodules
Authors: Saadi Zainab , Ahmed Ghaleb
Published: October 2021

Let  be a right module over a ring  with identity. The semisecond submodules are studied in this paper. A nonzero submodule  of   is called semisecond if    for each . More information and characterizations about this concept is provided in our work.
Interval Value Fuzzy k-Ideals of a KU-Semigroup
Authors: Talib Sally A. , Kareem Fatema F.
Published: October 2021

The notion of interval value fuzzy k-ideal of KU-semigroup was studied as a generalization of afuzzy k-ideal of KU-semigroup. Some results of this idea under homomorphism are discussed. Also, we presented some properties about the image (pre-image) for interval~ valued fuzzy~k-ideals of a KU-semigroup. Finally, the~ product of~ interval valued fuzzyk-ideals is established.
Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Ceftriaxone in Pure Form and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ahmed Aya W. , Al-Ameri Salam A.H.
Published: October 2021

Ceftriaxone sodium were one of the widely antibacterial drugs used. Azo dye derivatization of diazonium salt that formed via the reaction between ceftriaxone with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite was developed for the on-research drug analysis then coupling with each one 2,5-dimethylphenol (2,5-DMP) and 4-tertbutylphenol (4-TBP) respectively in the alkaline media. The developed diazonium coupling methods include an optimization study. The results show a limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.482, 0.284 µg/mL, and 1.607, 0.945 µg/mL using 2,5-DMP and 4-TBP reagents respectively. Moreover, the recovery % obtained was 100.89%, and 103.37% at linear concentration range 3.0 – 50, and 10 – 30 µg/mL, with molar absorptivity of 4.377×103, 7.446×103 L. mol-1. cm-1 using 2,5-DMP and 4-TBP reagents respectively. An acceptable accuracy represented by the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was achieved of a 0.46 and 0.37 for 2,5-DMP and 4-TBP respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of ceftriaxone sodium in pure and in pharmaceuticals.
The Performance of Two Species of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and (Nigella arvensis L.) Under Different Sowing Dates in Spring and Autumn at hallabja Governorate /Iraqi Kurdistan Region.
Authors: A. Al-Zubaidy Adel M. , S.Ghafoor Bakhtiar , Rasul Abdulsalam A.
Published: October 2021

Two field experiments were performed to study the response of two species , Nigella sativa L. and Nigella arvensis L. within different sowing dates at spring and autumn seasons which included 1st and 20th March, 10th April and 1st May for spring season, while the sowing dates for the autumn season were, 2nd November, 21st November, 11th December, 31stDecember and 20thJanuary. Both experiments conducted according to the Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) within three replications at hallabja/Kurdistan Region, located [35°12'48.7"N; 45°57'34.4"E] and the altitude was 596 masl. Results showed that among the four different sowing dates of spring cultivations,  both species were responded to only 1st and 20th March date with some superiority of the 1st March, otherwise the survival and their yield were not acceptable at sowing date later than 20th March, while at the autumn cultivation, both species responded to all sowing date, but not to be later than 31st December, the early dates 2nd November and 21st November were showed significant differences in most yield traits. The result of the study showed that, due to the favorable environmental condition and the longer period of growth at autumn cultivation, most of the yield traits were gained significant values as the average of both species and different sowing dates of autumn compared to that occurred at spring cultivations. Some chemical contents of both species under the different environment conditions showed significant differences. Generally, N. sativa compared to N. arvensis contained more significant chemical compounds in the term of carbohydrates and protein at autumn, fixed and volatile oils at spring.
Utilization of Euphorbia hirta L. for traditional medicine and its bioactivity
Authors: Marina Silalahi
Published: October 2021

Euphorbia hirta is a species belonging Euphorbiaceae has been long used by humans as traditional medicine. The plants used as traditional medicine is related to secondary metabolites and its bioactivity. This study aims to explain the utilization and bioactivity of E. hirta. The methods to writing articles is based on a review of articles or research results published online, especially on google scholar, using the keywords Euphorbia hirta, uses of E. hirta and bioactivity of E. hirta then synthesized so that explain the benefits and its bioactivity. Euphorbia hirta is a weed, so that is easily found in the environment which is characterized by the presence of white sap and has cyathia inflorescence. In the traditional medicine E. hirta is used to treat ulcers, dysentery, gastrointestinal infections, skin infections, diabetes mellitus and respiratory disorders are diseases caused by microbial infections. Bioactivity of E. hirta is antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetes mellitus, anti-stress, anti-cancer and anti-kidney stones. The E. hirta extract contains dedquercetrin, dimethoxyquercetrin, hirta coumaroflavonoside, and hirta flavonoside-B which bioctivity to inhibit α-glucosidase activity comparable to acarbose so that it is potential to be developed as anti-diabetes mellitus.
Aplikasi Asuhan Keperawatan Psikososial Pada Ny. M Dengan Masalah Kecemasan
Authors: Waruwu Risky
Published: October 2021

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kardiovaskuler atau kategori penyakit yang tidak menular (PTM) yang telah menjadi endemik. Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg (JNC-VII, 2003). Hipertensi sering disebut sebagai “the silent killer” (pembunuh siluman)
Flood Mitigation Data Analytics and Decision Support Framework: Iowa Middle Cedar Watershed Case Study
Authors: Demir Ibrahim , Yildirim Enes , Alabbad Yazeed
Published: October 2021

Flooding is one of the most frequent natural disasters, causing billions of dollars in damage and threatening vulnerable communities worldwide. Although the impact of flooding can never be diminished, minimizing future losses is possible by taking structural or non-structural mitigation actions. Mitigation applications are often costly practices. However, they can be more feasible for long-term planning and protection. On the other hand, selecting a feasible option requires a comprehensive analysis of potential risk and damages and comparing the costs and benefits of different mitigation types. This paper presents a web-based decision support framework called Mitigation and Damage Assessment System (MiDAS) that analyzes flood risk and mitigation strategies at the community and property-level scopes. The system utilizes regulatory flood inundation maps, damage functions, property information, scenario-based climate projections, and mitigation inputs and guidelines from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). We analyzed the community-level analysis of three major cities in Eastern Iowa: Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, and Waterloo. The framework helps users select the appropriate flood mitigation measures based on various characteristics (e.g., foundation type, occupancy, square footage) and provides cost estimates for implementing measures. The system also provides a decision tree algorithm for analyzing and representing the mitigation decision by reviewing existing guidelines (e.g., FEMA, USACE). Implementation of mitigation measures can reduce the property's vulnerability and improve the response to a flooding event.
Constructing value signals for food rewards: determinants and the integration
Authors: Suzuki Shinsuke
Published: October 2021

Based on recent findings in human decision sciences, we propose a neurocomputational mechanism for the construction of value signal of a food reward. In dietary choice, an individual computes the subjective value of a food by integrating its nutritive (e.g. carbohydrate) and abstract features (e.g. healthiness) inferred from the low-level visual information (e.g. colour). This process is implemented in a hierarchically organised brain structure, including early visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortices. We also discuss the effects of other factors such as cognitive controls and reinforcement learning. The proposed architecture for food valuation would provide a stimulating hypothesis for future studies in diverse research fields.
Experiencias Migrantes: Una Aproximación a la Relación entre la Calificación de los Migrantes, su Región de Origen y la Estructura Social en Chile
Authors: Urzúa Luis Acuña , Toledo Braulio Cabrera , Doña-Reveco Cristian
Published: October 2021

Este artículo responde a la pregunta sobre las características de la relación entre estructura social y migrantes calificados y migrantes no calificados que residen en Chile a partir de un análisis de la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica de Hogares (CASEN) del 2015. Se parte de la hipótesis que los años de escolaridad, recodificados como no calificados y no calificados, y el lugar de origen de los inmigrantes, medido como macro región de origen, influye en el acceso diferenciado que tienen los nacidos en el exterior en una serie de servicios y derechos sociales; a saber la vivienda, salud, previsión social e ingreso. Utilizando un análisis de correspondencia múltiple se explora la participación de cada grupo de inmigrantes. Se concluye que el acceso diferenciado también tiene que ver con la posición relativa de Chile en el sistema migratorio internacional como país periférico del Norte Global.
A Framework to Analyze Data on Homelessness, Poverty and Migration Using Fuzzy Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Naeem Rahat , Walford Nigel , Kauppi Carol , Pallard Henri
Published: October 2021

This article develops a framework for studying homelessness, poverty and migration using Fuzzy Cognitive Modeling. The framework has been developed using data obtained from a survey of around 4000 respondents in five communities in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The intention was to develop a framework that could be applied in other communities where comparable sources of data are available. This framework can be used to perform sensitivity analysis as well as to develop index of poverty as discussed in this paper. The results suggest that this method provides a robust approach to analyze complex and multivariate datasets related to homelessness, poverty and migration with variables that not only have interdependencies but are also not crisp.
Features of the COPD course in patients with different alleles of C79G (rs1072714) of ADRB2 gene
Authors: Mostovoy Y. M. , Dmytriiev K. D. , Slepchenko N. S.
Published: October 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widely spread disease, that can be prevented and treated. As it was mentioned in the GOLD guidelines, genetic factors have a prominent impact on the development of COPD. A great amount of different genes is involved into the development of COPD. They influence processes of inflammation, fibrosis and regulation of airways reactivity. Polymorphism of ADRB2 gene is of a particular interest as it is associated with the development of COPD and response to beta-2 agonists, which are the main drugs used in the treatment of COPD. The aim of our study was to investigate an impact of the polymorphism of ADRB2 gene on the clinical course of COPD. We collected source data, medical history in all patients in order to assess smoking status and smoking experience, clinical group of COPD according to GOLD classification, total amount of exacerbations, exacerbations treated in in-patient and out-patient conditions, data about use of antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids and methylxanthines. Blood was collected in all patients for the genetic analysis of ADRB2 gene polymorphism. Among COPD patients 65 (65 %) had changes in ADRB2 gene. 26 patients (26 %) had mutation and 39 patients (39 %) had polymorphism of ADRB2 gene, which indicate possible relation of ADRB2 gene with the COPD development. Patients of group 1, C79C allele carriers, had milder COPD course, which presented with the significant difference in the of GOLD D patients in this group (17.14±7.13 %) and group 2, C79G allele carriers, (58.97±8.15 %) and group 3, G79G allele carriers, (34.61±9.59 %). Group 1 patients had lower amount of exacerbations (2.543±0.281) when compared to group 3 (2.963±0.273), and lower amount of hospital admissions (1.031±0.154) when compared to group 2 (1.332±0.167). Group 1 patients also used less antibiotics then other groups. So, ADRB2 gene polymorphism in C79G positions is a prognostic factor of the severity of COPD course. It is associated with the greater amount of exacerbations and hospitalizations and also greater antibiotic use.
MODELTEAM GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA KARTU SOAL BERBASIS HOTS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: PANDA FLORENTINA. M , DJARWO CATUR F.
Published: October 2021

The atomic structure material has certain characteristics and difficulties, including the need for a lot of knowledge and analytical skills that students have. Therefore, students need to be given the right learning model in order to increase their interest and learning activities.The learning model that can be done is to carry out learning by applying a cooperative approach, one of which is the Team Game Tournament (TGT) type. The effectiveness of using the TGT model can be increased by providing question cards media. The question card media used in this study is a card containing Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions that require students' higher order thinking skills.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using the TGT type cooperative learning model with the help of HOTS-based question card media on atomic structure material on higher-order thinking skills and student learning outcomes of physics education.Based on the results of research and calculations, it can be concluded that the provision of question card media in the TGT model on the atomic structure material is effective on student learning outcomes with Sig values. (0.028) <0.05, then there is a difference in learning outcomes so that it can be concluded that the experimental class is more effective than the control class. Supported by the highest lowest scores in the experimental group, namely 75 and 100 with an average of 90.02, while the control group was 65 and 100 with an average of 84.2.
Understanding Social Media and Socio-Emotional Issues Among the Young: An Empirical Study
Authors: Arora, P  , Idnani, D
Published: October 2021

The present study aims at studying the impact of social media on socio-emotional well-being of children. The methodology used here was random sampling through snowballing technique. A sample of around 50 children aged 11-18 years was collected to understand their responses about their own socio-emotional well-being. The results of the study showed that people use social media for different reasons, but they also face a variety of challenges, from physical health to mental health issues, the most prominent of  what is needed is gratitude,  resilience, calmness, compassion, and the pursuit of hobbies, fitness, and one's  own peace of mind and happiness.
Hacia la interacción de la empresa y la universidad
Authors: Sánchez-Piedrahita Liliana
Published: October 2021

El desarrollo de un país, y del mundo en general, depende de la interaccíón de la empresa, la universidad y el gobierno: las tres principales fuentes de poder y guías de la comunidad. Estas deben unirse en sus propósitos y actividades, pero desafortunadamente, a veces la empresa se encuentra encasillada con numerosas regulaciones e imposiciones fiscales establecidas por el gobierno. De igual forma se descuida la educación general, en especial la universitaria, ignorando que el recurso humano es la clave del desarrollo y por tanto debe ser la inversión más importante y valiosa de cualquier país.
La terciarización alternativa de la economía colombiana ¿Un ideal o una realidad?
Authors: Cuadro-Gúzman Efrain
Published: October 2021

El presente escrito aborda el tema de la Terciarización Alternativa de la Economía Colombiana, entendido este proceso, como el crecimiento del PIB Social de No Mercado. Es decir, responde a la tercera alternativa ante la disyuntiva: Actividades Económicas del Estado versus Actividades económicas del sector Privado de Mercado. Se presenta una aproximación conceptual dada la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las organizaciones sin fines de lucro que lo conforman. Se concluye a manera de hipótesis que abre una interesante línea de investigación, que dicho sector alternativo ha venido creciendo en términos absolutos, que ha venido creciendo también su participación porcentual en el PIB total, pero que se observa una preocupante tendencia marginal decreciente (ha venido creciendo pero cada vez crece menos) a lo largo de los años en estudio. A esta preocupación se le agrega que las cantidades absolutas y la tasa de participación, no obstante tener una tendencia creciente, aún sus registros son muy pequeños frente a la necesidad que tiene Colombia de contar con este tipo de entidades que, al cumplir con su Rol de Interfase, permitirían que los recursos y el producto de toda la economía, permee a toda la sociedad en búsqueda de una mayor justicia y equidad social. De otra parte se halló que la distribución geográfica en términos absolutos del PIB social de No Mercado en la geografía colombiana, es inequitativo, ya 'que los departamentos más "ricos" cuentan con el mayor PIB Social de No Mercado, mientras que en los más pobres este indicador es bastante exiguo. La hipótesis general se sintetiza entonces en afirmar que: "En Colombia el proceso de Terciarizacion Alternativa de la economía colombiana, no está en los niveles ideales, para poder esperar de él que cumpla el rol de interfase entre la disponibilidad de recursos y la población en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social económica y política, que requiere la situación crítica que vive la Nación. "   Palabras Claves: Terciarización Ortodoxa, Terciarización Alternativa. PIB Social de No Mercado. Organizaciones sin fines de lucro. Rol de Interfase. Justicia y equidad social. Distribución geográfica del PIB social de No Mercado.
La mano invisible de Adam Smith, o una crítica a la película, "Una mente brillante"
Authors: Muñoz-Cardona Angel Emilio
Published: October 2021

El presente escrito es un contraste entre el pensamiento smithiano y el mensaje de fondo que pretende dejar la película "Una mente brillante", en la que su autor cuenta la vida del Premio Nobel de Economía Jhon Nash. En la argumentación se relaciona y compara la lógica de la Teoría de Juegos con los fundamentos de la Teoría Clásica de Adam Smith respecto a la Mano Invisible que rige, según esta escuela, el buen funcionamiento de los mercados.Palabras Claves: Teoría de Juegos, Comportamiento Egoísta, Bienestar Común, Mano Invisible, Hombre Moral, Relaciones Políticas, Relaciones Egoístas y Orden Civil.
Estado de la investigación en los postgrados: Caso doctorados en educación Región Andina
Authors: Navas-Ríos María Eugenia
Published: October 2021

Desde un marco referencial teórico aportado por Casanova (1986), García Gaudilla (1995) y Martínez de Dueri y otros (2002) acerca de las categorías objeto de investigación en educación superior y la orientación de la investigación en los postgrados, confrontándolo con las propuestas actuales en investigación que promueven las universidades que actualmente ofertan doctorados en educación en la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Perú y Venezuela), se llegó a una aproximación de la investigación en la región y la tendencia de la misma. Para lograr lo anterior, se recurrió al método comparativo, al consenso de expertos a través de la técnica Delphi y a estadísticos diversos que posibilitan un acercamiento de lo que es la investigación en los programas de postgrado caso especifico doctorados en educación, la cual no resultó muy alentadora desde los diversos estudios realizados en cada uno de los países que integran la comunidad andina. En dichos estudios se afirma la desvinculación entre investigación y desarrollo social y académico; la carencia de políticas que apoyen y estimulen a los investigadores y la poca difusión y aplicación de las investigaciones realizadas entre otras. En cuanto a la tendencia de la investigación a éste nivel de formación, frente a sus homólogos de otros países del mundo, a la luz de las nuevas formas de producción y distribución del conocimiento, se concluye la necesidad de crear espacios regionales comunes de investigación con los consabidos beneficios para la región, las instituciones, los investigadores, la comunidad académica y social.Palabras Clave: Investigación, postgrado, doctorados, integración
Análisis de políticas públicas para el fomento de la creación de empresas en el municipio de Valledupar (1998-2005)
Authors: Rodriguez-Orozco Wilfrido , Gordon-Hernández Yimy
Published: October 2021

Actualmente, se reconoce la necesidad de evaluar las políticas públicas aplicadas, debido a que sus resultados generan una visión del éxito obtenido en el contexto económico y social, a partir de la gestión de sus ejecutores. Las políticas públicas formuladas por el Estado con el fin de propender por el desarrollo, los elementos que las componen -por ejemplo, el fomento de mipymes- y la adecuación de los marcos legales y jurídicos para la promoción económica local, son evidencia de la acción del gobierno y de los subgobiernos; no obstante, la implementación de dichas políticas es una tarea de trabajo conjunto entre el Estado mismo y las entidades competentes. Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de políticas y acciones públicas en relación con los mecanismos de fomento a la creación de empresas en el municipio de Valledupar, ubicado en la costa caribe colombiana. La hipótesis conjetura un alto grado de desarticulación y descoordinación, entre las entidades cuyas competencias giran en torno al tema y un enfoque asistencial de los programas implementados por el ente territorial; sin embargo, este trabajo intenta hacer visibles las distintas arquitecturas organizacionales y financieras que han sido estructuradas por el Estado para resolver la necesidad de garantizar una acción territorialmente coordinada de las políticas sectoriales nacionales entre los años 1998 y 2005. Se utiliza el mecanismo de evaluación de políticas públicas a nivel de impacto (Roth Deubel, 2002). La información fue recolectada a través de encuestas a una muestra de 351 personas y entrevistas con representantes de 25 instituciones (entidades públicas, privadas, colegios, universidades e instituciones financieras, entre otros).Palabras Clave: Políticas Públicas, Creación de empresas, normas, leyes, nuevas
La cultura del servicio de calidad
Authors: Navas-De Ruiz María Eugenia
Published: October 2021

Taylor define a la cultura como el"Conjunto complejo que Incluye conocimientos, creencias, arte, moral, ley, costumbre y otras capacidades y hábitos adquiridos por el hombre como miembro de la Sociedad". La cultura se aprende, gracias a ella el hombre se adapta rápidamente al ambiente natural y Social en el que tiene que vivir.
Importancia del marketing en la gestión turística de una ciudad
Authors: Sierra-Anaya German
Published: October 2021

El turismo se ha definido de muchas formas. Sin embargo, puede afirmarse que es el conjunto de relaciones y fenómenos surgidos de los viajes y de las permanencias temporales de las personas que se desplazan principalmente por placer o recreación. Casi todos los países del mundo consideran al turismo como una actividad importante en la prosperidad nacional, por sus contribuciones sociales y económicas, como por ejemplo, la creación de empleos directos e ihdirectos y la generación de ingresos o divisas.
Términos de referencia para el análisis de las incidencias macroeconómicas en la financiación del gasto público
Authors: Rico-Calvano Florentino
Published: October 2021

El efecto del Gasto Público sobre el nivel de la actividad económica ha sido analizado en varias oportunidades a través del multiplicador Keynesiano Simple, por el cual un incremento de un peso en el gasto tiene un efecto mayor sobre la demanda final, efecto que depende de la propensión a gastar. En esta oportunidad me propongo, mediante el uso de unos términos de referencia macroeconómicos, analizar los efectos de una variación del Gasto Público sobre la actividad económica, es decir, su efecto sobre la demanda, de manera didáctica y sencilla, pero con el rigor académico que exige la circunstancia.
La actividad dominante de los emisores en la información social: Una perspectiva desde el periodismo y la investigación
Authors: Reig Ramón
Published: October 2021

En 1974 inicié mi carrera profesional en el mundo de la información con colaboraciones en el diario sevillano El Correo de Andalucía. A partir de aquel año he ejercido como corresponsal de distintos medios escritos, redactor en prensa y radio, responsable de gabinetes de prensa, asesor de comunicación en empresas e instituciones públicas y privadas, y colaborador en productoras audiovisuales que trabajan para Canal Sur Televisión (Andalucía, España).
Rol de la administración distrital en la creación de empresas para la generación de empleo en Cartagena
Authors: Cuadro-Gúzman Efrain
Published: October 2021

Cartagena tiene una posición geográfica realmente privilegiada, con suficientes recursos naturales y talento humano para dinamizar procesos que conlleven a un mayor y mejor aprovechamiento de oportunidades de negocios, creación de nuevas empresas y por lo tanto generación de mas ingresos y empleos productivos.
Comparison of Hurst exponent estimation methods
Authors: Hamza Amjad H. , Hmood Munaf Y.
Published: October 2021

Through recent years many researchers have developed methods to estimate the self-similarity and long memory parameter that is best known as the Hurst parameter. In this paper, we set a comparison between nine different methods. Most of them use the deviations slope to find an estimate for the Hurst parameter like Rescaled range (R/S), Aggregate Variance (AV), and Absolute moments (AM), and some depend on filtration technique like Discrete Variations (DV), Variance versus level using wavelets (VVL) and Second-order discrete derivative using wavelets (SODDW) were the comparison set by a simulation study to find the most efficient method through MASE. The results of simulation experiments were shown that the performance of the methods is relatively close, except for the SODDW method was the most efficient in MASE.

Paper type Categorize your paper under one of these classifications: General review
The Use of Deixis in the Traditional Pantun (Umpasa Mangampu) of Batak Toba
Authors: Achmad Yuhdi  , Getsby Lewi Debora Pandiangan
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the types of deixis in the traditional pantun "Umpasa Mangampu" in the Toba Batak tribe. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data in this study are the traditional pantun "Umpasa Mangampu" in the Toba Batak tribe, namely person deixis, time deixis, and place deixis. The data source in this research is the traditional rhyme "Umpasa Mangampu" of the Toba Batak tribe. Data collection was carried out by reading the entire Toba Batak Traditional Pantun repeatedly to identify the types contained in the pantun, noting all words related to deixis in the Toba Batak traditional pantun, marking (underlining) the part of the word or sentences in rhymes related to the types of deixis. Data analysis was carried out by identifying, classifying, analyzing/interpreting, and concluding the results of the analysis. The results of this study areThere are 4 forms of persona deixis, 2 forms of time deixis, and 1 form of place deixis.
FARMING IN WESTLAND
Authors: Lockhart J.M.
Published: October 2021

THE farmable lands of Westland are oases set in a much larger area of marginal and unfarmable soils, backed by a still larger area of rock and snow. In the Westland land district, approximately 345,000 acres (8.3%) of the land is farmable; 377,000 acres (8.5%.) can be described as marginal - giving that word a generous meaning - and the balance, 3,394,OOO acres (83% ) is considered entirely unsuited to farming. This is well illustrated in a map showing the farmable areas which accompanies a report prepared by the N.Z. Department of Lands and Survey ( 1956). This excellent publication is essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the problems of this region, though the area under survey included Karamea, Buller, Inangahua and only part of Westland land district.
OVERSOWN CLOVERS ON PAKIHI LANDS
Authors: Goodall R.W.
Published: October 2021

G. DE S. BAYLIS, Fields Instructor with the Department of Agriculture, carried out the first experiment on pakihi soils in Golden Bay at Onekaka in 1910 and established pasture following cultivation. In 1912. Baylis stated, "The possibilities of this pakihi land have already been demonstrated and the rightly directed energy of the settlers is the one thing now needed to convert these barren lands into good pastures and farm lands". The settlers have converted small areas into reasonable pasture during intervening years. Further research into the requirements of these soils has been carried out by the Cawthron Institute.
Solar System Wave Function
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: October 2021

Pluto, Ceres and all planets of solar system except Neptune, with a high approximation, follow a law called Titius-Bode law (TBL) or Bode law, which can by no means be considered as a stochastic event. This law shows that the distance of the planets from the sun in Solar system is regulated. Here, we prove that the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of earth from the sun) and the phase constant ∅_0=π/6, is the reason for TBL. Moreover, we prove that this huge wave packet belongs to the sun. Finally in this article we will prove that without solar system wave function, it is not possible to reach to the TBL from the protoplanetary disk of solar system.
Effects of Plasma Treatment as a Surface Preparation Step on Copper Plating
Authors: Altuncu Ekrem , Yıldız Bora , Koyuncu Ozan
Published: October 2021

The continuous electrolytic copper plating process traditionally includes degreasing and acid baths before copper plating baths. These baths add difficult-to-control parameters to the process. Besides they contain various alkaline chemicals and acids that are harmful to the environment. The plasma surface treatment is a controllable alternative surface cleaning method which is used in various fields. Also it can be used for surface activation to improve plating performance. Another important aspect of the plasma process is its environmental friendliness. It has a high potential to make plating preparation stages environmentally friendly and efficient. In this study a plasma surface treatment system is attached on a traditional copper plating line which is used for cold rolled low carbon steel sheets. It was determined that plasma surface treatment had a positive effect on the quality of copper plating.
Ticari Araçlarda Sonlu Eleman Analizi Kullanılarak Arka Alt Koruma Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu
Authors: Çalışkan Tuncay , Yılmaz A. Salih , Akkas Nuri
Published: October 2021

M, N ve O kategorilerindeki ticari araçlar için arka alt koruma yönetmeliği ECE-R58/03 Eylül 2021’ de yürürlüğe girecektir. ECE-R 58/02 de üç noktadan uygulanan test kuvvetlerinden P2 %60, P1 ve P3 ise %100 oranında artmıştır. Araç imalatçılarının arka alt koruma tertibatlarını yürürlüğe girecek regülasyona uygun hale getirmeleri gerekmektedir. Çalışmamızda, artan test kuvvetlerine karşı arka alt koruma donanımını yüksek mukavemetli ve düşük yoğunluklu alüminyum malzeme kullanarak, ağırlık artışını engellemek ve tasarımı geliştirmek hedeflenmiştir. Ağırlığın düşürülmesiyle iyileştirilen şartlara bağlı olarak yakıt tüketimi azalırken, taşıma kapasitesi ve CO2 salınımını da iyileştirmiştir. Ayrıca bu geliştirme EV araç uygulamalarında kullanıldığında sürüş mesafesi uzayacaktır. Tasarımlar “Catia 3D Experience“ programı ile hazırlanarak, “Hyperworks” yapısal analiz programı ile geliştirilmiştir. Uygulanan test kuvvetleri sonucunda, dikdörtgen formlu arka tampon tasarımı ve güçlendirmeler ile birlikte kullanılacak malzemenin akma limitleri tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen akma değerleri dikkate alınarak alüminyum malzeme seçilmiş ve tasarım geliştirilerek ağırlık azaltma çalışmasından yeni yönetmeliğe uygun verimli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
A Review of Aerodynamics Influence on Various Car Model Geometry through CFD Techniques
Authors: Muhammad Nabil Farhan Kamal  , Izuan Amin Ishak  , Nofrizalidris Darlis  , Daniel Syafiq Baharol Maji  , Safra Liyana Sukiman  , Razlin Abd Rashid  , Muhamad Asri Azizul
Published: October 2021

The aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle play a vital role in steering stability, performance, comfort, and safety of a car. The fuel efficiency of a vehicle is determined by the performance of the internal combustion engine and the aerodynamic design of the body. One of the most important aspects of automobile design is aerodynamic styling. A vehicle with low drag resistance provides advantages in terms of cost and efficiency. This article will review design characteristics and implementation of various specific reference models on drag issues using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. The benefits and limitations of these models are analysed, and the validity of results in developing guidelines to improve the performance and stability of cars are described. This review paper covers significant studies that utilise the CFD model and simulation on a simplified vehicle model using various turbulence models to generate drag coefficient. Characteristics and impacts of various vehicle design models with and without external factors such as side mirrors and door handles are also discussed. Results obtained from the research focuses on the physics flow structures such as static pressure contours, are presented for the three types of car model geometry. The simplified generic models are more efficient and advocated to apply compared to the specific model geometry based on the result acquired by the latest studies. Simplified generic models are preferred due to their cost-effectiveness, procurement of optimum time, and better simulation effects. Moreover, the study also demonstrates the importance of having a car with suitable turbulence models that are appropriate to be applied for simulations in terms of its applicability, time effectiveness, and cost.
Slip Effects on MHD Boundary Layer Flow over a Flat Plate in Casson Ferrofluid
Authors: Muhammad Khairul Anuar Mohamed  , Siti Hanani Mat Yasin  , Mohd Zuki Salleh
Published: October 2021

Present study investigated the slip effects on boundary layer flow and heat transfer on a horizontal flat surface immersed in blood-based Casson ferrofluid. The magnetite and cobalt ferrite ferroparticles suspended into Casson fluid represent by human blood to form Casson ferrofluid are numerically analysed. The study began with the transforming the governing equations which in dimensional partial differential equations to non-dimensional ordinary differential equations by using the similarity variable. Resulting similarity equations then solved by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The characteristics and effects of the slip parameter, the magnetic parameter and the ferroparticles volume fraction for magnetite and cobalt ferrite on the variation of Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient are analyzed and discussed.
EVALUATION OF DISABILITY MAINSTREAMING STATUS IN SELECTED PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS AND EMPLOYMENT INSTITUTIONS IN LIBERIA
Authors: Collins Edwina , Masiga Casper , Ngugi Daniel
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study sought to evaluate the status of disability mainstreaming policy in education in selected public high schools and public employment institutions in Liberia.

Materials and Methods: The research design incorporates both quantitative and qualitative methods.  Purposive sampling was used to select 125 respondents from students with disabilities, principals, human resource directors, employees with disabilities from public employment institutions and representatives from Persons with disabilities organizations. Quantitative data was collected through electronic data collection tools (Kobo/ Survey CTO) and transferred in Excel spreadsheets for descriptive analysis and comparison. Qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews and analyzed according to themes.

Results:  The study established that although there are disability mainstreaming policies at public high schools and employment institutions there is limited awareness and understanding of these policies among students and employees with disabilities. Moreover, there was no defined disability mainstreaming strategies to serve as a benchmark to determine the success or failure of implementation. Findings also showed that persons with disabilities were still finding it difficult to secure employment since the 4% disability quota mandated by the government to enhance the employability of persons with disabilities is not adhered to by government institutions. Further analysis indicated that the perception of principals and human resource officers can reinforce barriers to mainstreaming disability in public high schools and employment institutions. The study also found that limited budgetary allocation for disability mainstreaming activities, limited awareness of disability mainstreaming, lack of coordination among various implementing agencies, lack of teacher training in disability mainstreaming pedagogy and unavailability of training materials for teachers and students for inclusive education were among factors contributing to gaps in disability mainstreaming in public high schools and employment institutions.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MGCSP) which coordinates all disability mainstreaming activities along with the National Commission on Disability create more public awareness on disability in all public entities. Government should provide funding’s to public high schools and employment institutions to enable them to implement the disability mainstreaming policies.  Disability focal persons should also be assigned to these institutions to coordinate and monitor implementation.
Description of Colombian Electricity Pricing Derivatives
Authors: Prabakaran Sellamuthu
Published: October 2021

Electricity markets are becoming a popular field of research amongst academics because of the lack of appropriate models for describing electricity price behavior and pricing derivatives instruments. Models for price dynamics must consider seasonality and spiky behavior of jumps which seem hard to model by standard jump process. Without good models for electricity price dynamics, it is difficult to think about good models for futures, forward, swaps and option pricing. In this paper we attempt to introduce an algorithm for pricing derivatives to intuition from Colombian electricity market. The main ambition of this study is fourfold:  1) First we begin our approach through to simple stochastic models for electricity pricing. 2) Next, we derive analytical formulas for prices of electricity derivatives with different derivatives tools. 3) Then we extent short of the model for price risk in the electricity spot market 4) Finally we construct the model estimation under the physical measures for Colombian electricity market. And this paper end with conclusion.
Dijital Teknolojinin Yansımaları: Ebeveyn Teknoferansı ve Sosyotelizmi
Authors: AKBAĞ Müge , SAYINER Banu
Published: October 2021

Teknolojideki hızlı gelişim son yıllarda iletişim alanına da yansımıştır. Bilgisayarlar, tabletler, cep telefonları ve akıllı telefonlar kişilerin hayatlarının adeta her anında kullanılır duruma gelmiştir. Bu cihazlar günlük yaşama getirdikleri yeniliklerin ve kolaylıkların yanı sıra bazı sorunlara da neden olmaktadır. Teknoferans veya sosyotelizm (phubbing) bu sorunlardan olup, bireylerin özellikle sosyal ilişkilerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Technological (teknolojik) ve interference (müdahale/engel) kelimelerinden oluşan teknoferans, bir elektronik aletin kişilerin iletişimini kesintiye uğrattığı ya da zayıflattığı durum olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Phubbing (sosyotelizm) ise, phone ve snubbing (yok saymak) sözcüklerinin birleşiminden türetilmiş olup, bir kişinin diğer kişilerle birlikteyken telefonu ile ilgilenip onlarla iletişime geçmemesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu kavramların davranış olarak yansıması özellikle ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkilerinde görülmektedir. Toplumda çocukların ve gençlerin teknolojik cihazları en çok kullanan grup olduğu belirtilirken, anne-babaların da bu aletlerden yüksek oranda yararlandıkları araştırma bulgularıyla desteklenmektedir. Ebeveynlerin çocuklarının yaşamlarında birincil derecede model oldukları düşünüldüğünde; teknolojik aletleri kullanımlarının yaratacağı problemler önemlidir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, ebeveyn teknoferansı ve ebeveyn sosyotelizm davranışının ebeveyn-çocuk iletişimi ve çocuklar/gençlerin davranışları üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine alan yazındaki araştırmalar ışığında dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ardından ailede teknoferans ve sosyotelizmin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak uygulamacılara ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalar için araştırmacılara bazı öneriler getirilmiştir.
The Role of Paclobutrazol on Production Strategy of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. for Off-Season Marketing
Authors: Boontiang Kriangsuk , Chutichudet Prasit , Chutichudet Benjawan
Published: October 2021

From September 2017 through February 2018, this open field research was conducted with 6 random treatments and 10 replications. Plants grown under sunlight source with paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatments were compared to those grown under sunlight plus 2 h night break (without PBZ) (control 1) and those grown under sunlight source (without PBZ) (control 2). The results showed that PBZ treatments lowered both height and peduncle length substantially. In comparison to control 1, the 600 mg/L PBZ treatment led in non-significant changes in physical growth and anthocyanin content in coma bract and fertile bract. Plants grown under sunshine + 2 h night break without PBZ had the shortest number of days to inflorescence appearance (day 46) and first flower opening (day 72). Plants cultivated under control 2 conditions had the largest delay in inflorescence emergence (day 61) and first flower opening (day 92). These findings will aid in the low-cost cultivation of C. alismatifolia cultivated in the open field during the off-season.
IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT ON RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP GROWTH
Authors: R. M. OJOKUKU , A. A. OGUNWOYE
Published: October 2021

In Nigeria and other developing nations of the world, the strategic role of the entrepreneur as an agent of economic development cannot be over emphasised, particularly in the aspects of employment generation, wealth creation and poverty reduction. Statistics show that the incidence of poverty in developing countries is more prevalent in rural areas, where more than half of the population reside, hence the focus of attention on rural entrepreneurship as a strategy for tackling the problem, has been on the increase. The problem of rural-urban drift of youths (especially the educated ones), which has led to overpopulation in urban centres, is also another major reason why encouraging rural entrepreneurship is imperative. Achieving success with this strategy however, depends, to a large extent, on the human capital of the rural entrepreneur, whose role in the enterprise is very strategic, and often determines the chances of survival of the enterprise. This study therefore examined the impact of entrepreneurial human capital development, in terms of entrepreneurship education, on rural entrepreneurship growth in selected rural communities in Ayedire Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria. Fifty rural enterprises were selected and data was sourced with a questionnaire. Their responses were analysed using Simple Regression Analysis where the result revealed that 61% variation in rural entrepreneurship growth is explained by entrepreneurial human capital development. It was concluded from the findings, that entrepreneurial human capital development has a positive and significant impact on rural entrepreneurial growth. Many young rural entrepreneurs however, do not have access to tertiary education due to poverty, and are therefore denied entrepreneurship education, which is presently incorporated only in tertiary education curriculum in Nigeria. The need to include entrepreneurship education in secondary school curriculum is therefore imperative.