bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
sostenibilidad del paisaje olímpico
Authors: Zarzani Alessia
Published: December 2017

Existe un vínculo económico innegable entre estas ciudades, formando así un paisaje global (Sassen, 2004). Para afirmar su presencia a nivel internacional, estas ciudades están particularmente interesadas en realizar eventos importantes, incluidos los megaeventos y, más notablemente, los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano (Smith, 2012), a través de los cuales pueden garantizar su desarrollo metropolitano en múltiples direcciones. Los Juegos Olímpicos tienen la capacidad de organizar, dentro de la ciudad anfitriona, un verdadero ciclo de vida caracterizado por un evento previo y posterior al evento. El problema entonces es que la metrópolis encuentre formas de instrumentalizar este megaevento para dar una visión a largo plazo de su desarrollo cultural, económico y de infraestructura (Cashman y Hughes, 1999; Ritchie, 2000; Goad, 2001; Searle, 2002). ; Preuss, 2007; Hiller, 2006; Bondonio y Mela, 2008). Más específicamente, esta propotición se basa para llevar a una reflexión sobre la capacidad de transformación del paisaje urbano y su mutación a través de la elección de la concepción de los actores públicos y privados en torno a la misma controversia. Esta investigación está respaldada por un enfoque cualitativo basado en un diseño de investigación flexible. Se emprendió un enfoque estructuralista e interpretativo tanto para la recopilación de datos como para el análisis del contenido seleccionado. Más específicamente, este estudio considera los estudios de casos de Roma (1960), Montreal (1976) y Londres (2012), tanto en sus fases previas como posteriores al evento. El objetivo es evaluar la organización del evento desde su concepción hasta su gestión, así como la forma en que se consideró su patrimonio y su acción transformadora. Al final, esta investigación muestra que los Juegos Olímpicos tienen un valor operativo de concertación que entrelaza diferentes escalas: internacional, metropolitana y urbana.
Sarcoidose
Authors: Castelo Branco Sara , Luz Karin , Fernandes Cândida , Cardoso Jorge
Published: December 2017

A sarcoidose consiste numa doença inflamatória multissistémica, de etiologia desconhecida, que se caracteriza pela formação de granulomas não-caseosos nos órgãos envolvidos, predominantemente pulmões e gânglios intratorácicos. O envolvimento cutâneo ocorre em cerca de 25-35% dos casos, é habitualmente um achado precoce e constitui um local acessível e seguro para estudo histológico. As lesões cutâneas podem ter várias apresentações, incluindo pápulas, nódulos, placas e cicatrizes infiltradas. O diagnóstico baseia-se no reconhecimento das características clínicas, imagiológicas e histológicas e exclusão de outras doenças granulomatosas. O diagnóstico precoce e tratamento sistémico (quando necessário) poderão prevenir complicações futuras.
Características e Prevalência em Cuidados de Saúde Primários das Feridas Crónicas
Authors: Passadouro Rui , Sousa Anabela , Santos Cristina , Costa Helena , Craveiro Isabel
Published: December 2017

Introdução: As feridas são um problema de saúde pública, com forte impacto na qualidade de vida. Consideram-se crónicas as que evoluem durante mais de seis semanas. As feridas crónicas mais frequentes são as de pressão, as vasculares e as de origem diabética, sendo as venosas cerca de 80% das vasculares. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar as feridas crónicas dos doentes da área de influência do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde do Pinhal Litoral (ACeS PL).Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com uma componente analítica, e transversal, com uma amostra de conveniência constituída pelos doentes com ferida crónica, identificados pelos profissionais de enfermagem, quer no domicílio, quer nas salas de tratamento dos centros de saúde.Resultados: A prevalência de feridas crónicas na população estudada é 0,84/1000, sendo 1,01/1000 no sexo masculino e 0,69/1000 no feminino (p < 0,05). Os doentes com mais de 80 anos apresentam uma prevalência de 5,68/1000, que é mais elevada relativamente aos mais novos (p < 0,05). Em relação ao tipo de feridas, as de causa vascular são as mais frequentes (36%) e, destas, 77,7% são de origem venosa.Discussão e Conclusão: A taxa de prevalência de ferida crónica é ligeiramente inferior à encontrada noutros estudos que utilizam a mesma metodologia, sendo mais elevada nos homens e nas idades mais avançadas. Considera-se excessiva a proporção de úlceras de pressão das categorias III e IV, verificando-se algumas inconformidades no diagnóstico e tratamento das mesmas. Por isso, foi sugerida a criação de um grupo multidisciplinar de consultadoria e formação em feridas no serviço de saúde.
Uma Manifestação Atípica de Dermite de Contacto Alérgica a Metacrilatos numa Dentista
Authors: Brás Susana , Alves Cátia , Amaro Cristina , Cardoso Jorge
Published: December 2017

A dermite de contacto alérgica a acrilatos e metacrilatos é frequente em profissionais de saúde como os dentistas e os protésicos dentários. Os autores apresentam o caso de uma dermite de contacto alérgica de localização atípica a metacrilatos, numa dentista, de modo a alertar para esta realidade e a implementar métodos para evitar a sensibilização a estes alergenos.
Tumor de Colisão de Odd – Dermatofibroma e Nevo
Authors: Mendonça Sanches Maria , Travassos Ana Rita , Soares-de-Almeida Luís
Published: December 2017

Um tumor de colisão ou tumor contiguo ocorre quando dois ou mais tumores cutâneos coexistem numa lesão única. Estes tumores têm habitualmente características clinicas e histológicas atípicas, dificultando o diagnóstico. Apesar de terem sido descritas diferentes combinações de tumores de colisão, descrevemos um caso raro de um tumor de colisão localizado no dorso com associação de um nevo intradérmico a um dermatofibroma. Julgamos que se trata da primeira publicação desta combinação.
Reacções Cutâneas, Oculares e Respiratórias pela Processionária (Thaumetopoea Pityocampa)
Authors: Aguiar Rita , Estanislau Correia Teresa
Published: December 2017

A lagarta do pinheiro, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, é um inseto desfolhador responsável pelo atraso do crescimento ou a morte de vários tipos de pinheiros. Além de danos ambientais a lagarta pode provocar reações cutâneas em humanos pelo contato com os pelos irritantes das larvas. Embora a dermatite ocorra entre grupos de profissionais de ar livre, afecta principalmente grupos não-ocupacionais. Os meios de transmissão compreendem o contato directo com o ninho e/ou processionária e o contato indireto com os pelos dispersos no ar. A dermatite é geralmente observada no final da Primavera, particularmente, de Março a Junho, entre os ultilizadores de parques de campismo. A erupção cutânea tem início 1-12 horas após o contato com os pêlos e apresenta-se com prurido intenso e persistente. Para além da pele, a T. pityocampa pode envolver a olhos e a via aérea, mas de forma menos frequente. Apesar dos danos consideráveis para os seres humanos e para natureza, a infestação é um problema subestimado; a literatura médica é escassa e, muitas vezes, a informação relevante é a que se refere aos meios de comunicação locais e à sabedoria popular.
Pioderma Gangrenoso em Lactente
Authors: Soares Martins Michelle , Corrêa Mattos Paloma , Maia Abinader Marina Valente , Alves Ribeiro Luciana , Chipre Bandeira de Mello Patrícia
Published: December 2017

Pioderma gangrenoso é uma dermatose cutânea incomum, de patogênese desconhecida, incluída no grupo das dermatoses neutrofílicas. Caracteriza-se como ulceração não infecciosa, necrotizante e dolorosa da pele. Acomete preferencialmente adultos, sendo raro em crianças (menos de 4%) e com poucos casos relatados na literatura de acometimento na faixa etária <1 ano. O diagnóstico geralmente é baseado em evidências clínicas e confirmado com a exclusão das outras etiologias de lesões ulceradas cutâneas. Relatamos um caso de pioderma gangrenoso em uma lactente de 4 meses de idade, com lesões ulceradas múltiplas na região de nádegas, sem comprometimento sistêmico e com resposta satisfatória e efetiva ao tratamento com corticoterapia oral.
Biópsia do Gânglio Sentinela em Melanomas Espessos: Estudo Clínico Retrospectivo num Único Centro
Authors: Lemos Mariana , Vieira Ricardo , Brinca Ana , Figueiredo Américo
Published: December 2017

Introdução: A biopsia do gânglio sentinela é um procedimento genericamente aceite no estdiamento do melanoma. O valor prognóstico desta técnica parece ser mais relevante nos melanomas de espessura intermédia (1-4mm) do que nos melanomas espessos (>4mm).Objectivo: Avaliar o valor prognóstico do estado do gânglio sentinela em doentes com melanoma espesso.Doentes e Métodos: A sobrevivência livre de doença e a sobrevivência global foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e por um modelo de regressão de Cox numa amostra de doentes com melanoma espesso.Resultados: Foram incluídos 43 doentes (52.2% do sexo masculino) com uma média etária de 63,9 anos. A biopsia do gânglio sentinela foi positiva em 20 casos (46,5%). O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 40 meses. Os doentes em que não foram encontradas metástases no gânglio sentinela tiveram uma sobrevivência livre de doença aos 5 anos significativamente maior do que o grupo de doentes com gânglio sentinela positivo (63% versus 19%, p<0.05). A sobrevivência global aos 5 anos foi tendencialmente mais baixa em doentes com gânglio sentinela positivo (52% versus 79%), embora sem significado estatístico.Conclusão: O estado do gânglio sentinela não teve influência estatística na sobrevivência global dos doentes da nossa série de melanomas espessos, provavelmente devido ao risco elevado de metastização por via hemática. Porém, a biopsia do gânglio sentinela forneceu informação prognóstica relevante, uma vez que teve clara influência na sobrevivência livre de doença.
Púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein (Vasculite por IgA) no Adulto
Authors: Gouveia Ana Isabel , Lopes Leonor , Freitas João Pedro
Published: December 2017

A Púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein é uma vasculite de pequenos vasos com deposição de imunocomplexos IgA. Caracteriza- se por púrpura palpável, artralgias/artrite, envolvimento abdominal e renal. A sua etiologia permanece desconhecida, mas vários estímulos têm sido propostos como possíveis fatores desencadeantes, entre eles, agentes infeciosos, fármacos, antígenos tumorais, havendo possível associação a malignidade e doenças autoimunes. Ocorre maioritariamente em crianças, sendo rara nos adultos. Na população pediátrica a doença é, na maioria das vezes, autolimitada, enquanto nos adultos está associada a um pior prognóstico e a um maior número de complicações. Neste artigo abordam-se os principais aspetos da PHS nos adultos, salientando-se as suas particularidades e especificidades.
Nodulose pelo Uso de Metotrexato em Doente com Artrite Reumatoide
Authors: Moura Filho Francisco Ronaldo , Guimarães Grana Aline , Do Amaral Silva Aline , Carvalho Maron Suzi Marla , Rodovalho Bárbara , Francesconi Fabio
Published: December 2017

As manifestações extra-articulares em pacientes com artrite reumatóide são comuns. Os nódulos subcutâneos aparecem em cerca de 8% dos usuários de metotrexato com artrite reumatoide. O metotrexato, uma das drogas de escolha nesta doença, pode acarretar o aparecimento de efeitos indesejados como a nodulose acelerada. Esta complicação é um importante diagnóstico diferencial de nódulos subcutâneos com evolução rápida em pacientes com artrite reumatoide e uso de metotrexato e inibidores de TNF. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para que seja instalado tratamento efetivo. Descreve-se um caso de nodulose acelerada associado ao uso de MTX e etanercept em paciente com artrite reumatoide.
Profilaxia Pré-Exposição ao VIH
Authors: Miroux Catarino Alexandre Luís , Borges-Costa João
Published: December 2017

Resumo – A incidência de novas infeções pelo VIH permanece elevada apesar dos esforços implementados no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce na última década. Na Europa Ocidental e nos países onde o acesso aos cuidados de saúde não é um obstáculo, têm-se verificado alterações da epidemiologia. O subgrupo dos homens que tem sexo com homens tem sido particularmente visado e Portugal não é exceção. Pela primeira vez desde 1984 mais de 50 % dos diagnósticos em homens foi feito neste grupo e representam 69,7 % dos diagnósticos em indivíduos, homens ou mulheres, com idade inferior a 30 anos. Esta realidade obrigou a pensar em novas formas de atuação, onde se insere o conceito de profilaxia pré-exposição ao VIH que é já uma realidade em alguns países. Neste artigo é feita uma revisão dos conhecimentos atuais sobre o tema. Os dermatovenereologistas deverão estar alertas para um possível aumento de incidência de outras infeções sexualmente transmissíveis no contexto desta profilaxia por diminuição do uso do preservativo.
Atualizações em Infeções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
Authors: Miroux Catarino Alexandre Luís , Borges-Costa João
Published: December 2017

As infeções sexualmente transmissíveis são uma importante área de saúde pública, sendo necessário que os clínicos estejam alerta para o seu diagnóstico. Trazemos três temas que são atualmente pertinentes: o vírus Zika como nova infeção sexualmente transmissível, a epidemia de hepatite C em homens que têm sexo com homens infetados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e as resistências antimicrobianas da Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Lobomicose
Authors: RONALDO FRANCISCO RONALDO MOURA
Published: December 2017

Resumo: Lobomicose ou Doença de Jorge Lobo é uma infecção crônica e granulomatosa, causada pela implantação traumática do fungo Lacazia loboi, que se restringe à pele. Típico de regiões tropicais e subtropicais; acomete, frequentemente, homens adultos ativos na floresta, além de ter sido diagnosticada em golfinhos. As lesões afetam principalmente áreas expostas da pele, tais como as aurículas e os membros superiores e inferiores e são tipicamente apresentadas como lesões queloides. A remoção cirúrgica é o procedimento terapêutico de escolha nos casos iniciais, enquanto itraconazol e clofazimina, isolados ou em associação, podem ser empregados para lesões disseminadas.
Dermatoscopia no Granuloma Facial – Relato de 2 casos
Authors: Gatti Rafael Figueiredo
Published: December 2017

O granuloma facial é uma patologia cutânea rara, idiopática e benigna, com predomínio em homens caucasianos entre a terceira e quinta décadas de vida.Caracteriza-se clinicamente como uma vasculite leucocitoclástica, com predomínio em face, de curso crônico e lentamente progressivo. Seu diagnóstico baseia-se na história clinica, exame físico e histopatológico, com recente destaque para a dermatoscopia, que revela aspectos que podem possibilitar uma diferenciação inicial com outros diagnósticos (sarcoidose, lúpus eritematoso cutâneo, carcinoma de células basais, dentre outros). Existem várias opções terapêuticas propostas, porém com resultados pouco satisfatórios.Neste trabalho, relatamos 2 casos de pacientes com lesões eritematosas faciais em que a dermatoscopia teve grande valor como ferramenta diagnóstica. O uso dessa modalidade deve crescer nos próximos anos em relação à essa patologia, já que,  além de fornecer características importantes da doença, consiste em uma maneira simples e fácil de identificar o granuloma facial.
Impaired glucose metabolism in regular occupational health checkups for a military population: surrounding the metabolic enemy
Authors: Yazdanpanah Ghasem , Khoshdel Ali Reza , Dabbagh-Moghaddam Arasb , Tofangchiha Shahnaz , Tofighi Ehsan , Bakhshian Mohammad , Fanaei Sadegh
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Impaired glucose metabolism, including diabetes and pre-diabetes, is a major cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the glucose metabolism status of employees based on regular occupational health checkups in a military population to plan a more effective program. Methods: From a registry of regular occupational health checkups covering the years 2011 through 2015 in a military medical organization, the study extracted data on age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), job (medical or non-medical), smoking, history and/or family history of diabetes and hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density and high-density lipoproteins. Results: Data were collected for 783 apparently healthy individuals, 536 (68.5%) male and 247 (31.5%) female. According to duplicated FBS tests, 17 cases (2.3%) were at diabetic level (FBS≥126 mg/dL), 100 (13.7%) had pre-diabetes (100≤FBS≤125 mg/dL), and 612 (78.2%) had normal FBS (<100 mg/dL). Overall, 1.3% of cases had undiagnosed diabetes and 12.8% had undiagnosed pre-diabetes. Gender, age, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly associated with impaired glucose metabolism. Non-medical staff had significantly higher prevalence abnormal FBS than medical employees. Importantly, the probability of impaired glucose metabolism increased with clustering of the risk factors. Discussion: A considerable proportion of apparently healthy middle-aged employees of a military medical organization had disturbed glucose metabolism, which was first diagnosed in regular occupational health checkups. A personalized multidimensional approach would enhance individualized risk-assessment models.
Disconnection of the pathological connectome for multifocal epilepsy surgery
Authors: Kamada Kyousuke , Ogawa Hiroshi , Kapeller Christoph , Prueckl Robert , Hiroshima Satoru , Tamura Yukie , Takeuchi Fumiya , Guger Christoph
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that intractable epilepsy involves pathological functional networks as well as strong epileptogenic foci. Combining cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) recording and tractography is a useful strategy for mapping functional connectivity in normal and pathological networks. In this study, the authors sought to demonstrate the efficacy of preoperative combined CCEP recording, high gamma activity (HGA) mapping, and tractography for surgical planning, and of intraoperative CCEP measures for confirmation of selective pathological network disconnection.

METHODS

The authors treated 4 cases of intractable epilepsy. Diffusion tensor imaging–based tractography data were acquired before the first surgery for subdural grid implantation. HGA and CCEP investigations were done after the first surgery, before the second surgery was performed to resect epileptogenic foci, with continuous CCEP monitoring during resection.

RESULTS

All 4 patients in this report had measurable pathological CCEPs. The mean negative peak-1 latency of normal CCEPs related to language functions was 22.2 ± 3.5 msec, whereas pathological CCEP latencies varied between 18.1 and 22.4 msec. Pathological CCEPs diminished after complete disconnection in all cases. At last follow-up, all of the patients were in long-term postoperative seizure-free status, although 1 patient still suffered from visual aura every other month.

CONCLUSIONS

Combined CCEP measurement, HGA mapping, and tractography greatly facilitated targeted disconnection of pathological networks in this study. Although CCEP recording requires technical expertise, it allows for assessment of pathological network involvement in intractable epilepsy and may improve seizure outcome.
Outcomes following cerebrospinal fluid shunting in high-grade glioma patients
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , Brown Desmond , Lanzino Giuseppe , Parney Ian F.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

The clinical course of high-grade central nervous system gliomas is occasionally complicated by hydrocephalus. The risks of shunt placement and clinical outcome following CSF diversion in this population are not well defined.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients with pathologically confirmed WHO grade III or IV gliomas with shunt-treated hydrocephalus at their institution. Outcomes of patients in this cohort were compared with those of patients who underwent shunt treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Hospital-reported outcomes in a national database for malignant primary brain tumor patients undergoing a ventricular shunt procedure were also reviewed.

RESULTS

Forty-one patients undergoing CSF shunting between 2001 and 2016 at the authors’ institution were identified. Noncommunicating and communicating hydrocephalus occurred at similar rates (51.2% vs 48.8%). Symptomatic improvement after shunting was observed in 75.0% of patients. A major complication occurred in 17.1% of cases, with 2 patients suffering an intracranial hemorrhage. Prior administration of bevacizumab was significantly associated with the incidence of hemorrhage (p = 0.026). Three patients (7.3%) died during admission, and 8 (19.5%) died within 30 days of shunt placement. The presence of ependymal or leptomeningeal enhancement was more common in patients who died within 30 days (75.0% vs 11.1%, p = 0.001). Six patients (18.1%) required readmission to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. Revision surgery was necessary in 7 patients (17.1%). The median time from shunt placement to death was 150.5 days. In comparison with patients with NPH, shunt-treated high-grade glioma patients had increased in-hospital (7.3% vs 0.5%, p = 0.008) and 30-day (19.5% vs 0.8%, p < 0.001) mortality but no difference in the incidence of revision surgery (17.1% vs 17.5%, p = 0.947). Similarly, in the national Vizient Clinical Database Resource Manager, shunt-treated patients with malignant primary brain tumors had an increased length of stay (6.9 vs 3.5 days, p < 0.001), direct cost of admission ($15,755.80 vs $9871.50, p < 0.001), and 30-day readmission rates (20.6% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001) compared with patients without brain tumors who received a shunt for NPH.

CONCLUSIONS

Shunting can be an effective treatment for the symptoms of hydrocephalus in patients with high-grade gliomas. However, the authors’ results suggest that this procedure carries a significant risk of complications in this patient population.
Piezosurgery-, neuroendoscopy-, and neuronavigation-assisted intracranial approach for removal of a recurrent petrous apex cholesteatoma: technical note
Authors: Grauvogel Juergen , Scheiwe Christian , Masalha Waseem , Grauvogel Tanja , Kaminsky Jan , Vasilikos Ioannis
Published: December 2017

Current approaches for resection of petrous bone cholesteatomas (PBCs), such as canal wall up (closed) and canal wall down (open) mastoidectomies, in the pediatric population present recurrence rates ranging between 17% and 70% with a high rate of postoperative complications involving hearing loss and facial nerve weakness. This technical note illustrates an alternative intracranial approach that was used in combination with the techniques of piezoelectric surgery, neuroendoscopy, and neuronavigation for safe and effective removal in a difficult pediatric case of recurrent PBC.

The third recurrence of a PBC in a 14-year-old girl was diagnosed by CT and MRI. A retrosigmoid approach gave access to the petrous apex, allowing for the safe and complete removal of the lesion and decompression of the facial nerve and internal carotid artery. The intraoperative implementation of piezoelectric surgery, neuronavigation, neuroendoscopy, and neuromonitoring ensured better intraoperative visualization, safer bone removal, and preservation of nerve function, facilitating a macroscopically total resection of the pathology without additional neurological damage of the adjacent tissues.

Cholesteatoma extension could be clearly verified by intraoperative neuronavigation. Neuroendoscopy and piezoelectric surgery provided good support in the safe bone removal in close vicinity to neurovascular structures and in full vision inside the cholesteatoma cavity beyond the line of sight of the microscope. Hearing and facial nerve function could be preserved.

The presented intracranial retrosigmoid approach combined with multiple intraoperative assisting techniques proved to be effective for the safe and complete removal of recurrent PBC, providing excellent intraoperative visualization and the possibility of preserving cranial nerve function.
An optimal execution problem in the volume-dependent Almgren–Chriss model
Authors: Kato Takashi
Published: December 2017

In this study, we introduce an explicit trading-volume process into the Almgren–Chriss model, which is a standard model for optimal execution. We propose a penalization method for deriving a verification theorem for an adaptive optimization problem. We also discuss the optimality of the volume-weighted average-price strategy of a risk-neutral trader. Moreover, we derive a second-order asymptotic expansion of the optimal strategy and verify its accuracy numerically.
Rule Based Coordinated Control of Domestic Combined Micro-CHP and Energy Storage System for Optimal Daily Cost
Authors: Li Dezhi , Xu Xinyi , Yu Dongmin , Dong Mingyu , Liu Huanan
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a novel control algorithm for optimising operational costs of a combined domestic micro-CHP (combined heat and power), battery and heat storage system. Using a minute by minute basic time-step, this work proposes a simple and computationally efficient rule based whole-system management, developed from empirical study of realistic simulated domestic electricity and heat loads. The CHP availability is considered in two binary states which, together with leveraging storage effectively, maximises CHP efficiency, and gives the algorithm increased real world feasibility. In addition, a novel application of a dual battery system is proposed to support the micro-CHP with each battery supplying just one of the distinctive morning and evening electrical load peaks, and thus inherently improving overall battery system lifetime. A case study is presented where the algorithm is shown to yield approximately 23% energy cost savings above the base case, almost 3% higher savings than that of the closest previous work, and 96.8% of the theoretical minimum cost. In general, the algorithm is shown to always yield better than 88% of the theoretical minimum cost, a ratio that will be considerably higher when real-world CHP limitations are factored into the theoretical minimum calculation.
Study on Driving Decision-Making Mechanism of Autonomous Vehicle Based on an Optimized Support Vector Machine Regression
Authors: Zhang Junyou , Liao Yaping , Wang Shufeng , Han Jian
Published: December 2017

Driving Decision-making Mechanism (DDM) is identified as the key technology to ensure the driving safety of autonomous vehicle, which is mainly influenced by vehicle states and road conditions. However, previous studies have seldom considered road conditions and their coupled effects on driving decisions. Therefore, road conditions are introduced into DDM in this paper, and are based on a Support Vector Machine Regression (SVR) model, which is optimized by a weighted hybrid kernel function and a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, this study designs a DDM for autonomous vehicle. Then, the SVR model with RBF (Radial Basis Function) kernel function and BP (Back Propagation) neural network model are tested to validate the accuracy of the optimized SVR model. The results show that the optimized SVR model has the best performance than other two models. Finally, the effects of road conditions on driving decisions are analyzed quantitatively by comparing the reasoning results of DDM with different reference index combinations, and by the sensitivity analysis of DDM with added road conditions. The results demonstrate the significant improvement in the performance of DDM with added road conditions. It also shows that road conditions have the greatest influence on driving decisions at low traffic density, among those, the most influential is road visibility, then followed by adhesion coefficient, road curvature and road slope, while at high traffic density, they have almost no influence on driving decisions.
The Use of Tricyclo-DNA Oligomers for the Treatment of Genetic Disorders
Authors: Aupy Philippine , Echevarría Lucía , Relizani Karima , Goyenvalle Aurélie
Published: December 2017

Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) represent very attractive therapeutic compounds for the treatment of numerous diseases. The antisense field has remarkably progressed over the last few years with the approval of the first antisense drugs and with promising developments of more potent and nuclease resistant chemistries. Despite these recent clinical successes and advances in chemistry and design, effective delivery of ASOs to their target tissues remains a major issue. This review will describe the latest advances obtained with the tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA) chemistry which displays unique pharmacological properties and unprecedented uptake in many tissues after systemic administration. We will examine the variety of therapeutic approaches using both fully modified tcDNA-ASOs and gapmers, including splice switching applications, correction of aberrant splicing, steric blocking strategies and targeted gene knock-down mediated by RNase H recruitment. We will then discuss the merits and potential liabilities of the tcDNA chemistry in the context of ASO drug development.
Collision Detection Method Using Self Interference Cancelation for Random Access Multiuser MIMO
Authors: Ando Kazuma , Nishimori Kentaro , Kataoka Ryochi , Hiraguri Takefumi , Morino Yoshiaki , Mitsui Tsutomu
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes an interference detection method for multiuser-multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission, which utilizes periodical preamble signals in the frequency domain and the concept of full-duplex transmission when assuming idle antennas at the access point (AP) in MU-MIMO. In the propose method, collision detection (CD) of MU-MIMO is achieved by utilizing asynchronous MU-MIMO called random access MU-MIMO. In random access MU-MIMO, several antennas that are not used for the transmission exist, due to asynchronous MU-MIMO. Hence, idle antennas at the AP can receive preamble signals while the transmit antennas at the AP transmit the preamble signals: this procedure is regarded as full-duplex transmission, which cancels the self-interference between AP antennas. The interference can be detected by subtracting the short preamble signal, which is multiplied by the estimated channel response using the received signal after the FFT processing. Moreover, we utilize dual polarization to reduce the mutual coupling between transmit and receive antennas at the AP. Through a computer simulation, it is shown that the proposed method can successfully detect collision from other user terminals (UTs) with OFDM signals when the interfering power from the interfering user terminal (IT) is greater than the noise power. In addition, the interfering power from IT at the AP and the desired user terminal (DT) is measured in an actual indoor environment, and the possibility of using the proposed method at the AP is discussed by using the measurement results.
Audio-Visual Preferences and Tranquillity Ratings in Urban Areas
Authors: Cassina Luca , Fredianelli Luca , Menichini Irene , Chiari Claudia , Licitra Gaetano
Published: December 2017

During a survey related to acoustic and visual perception of users of urban areas, 614 people have been interviewed in Pisa (Italy). The work aims to identify and quantify the effects of parameters influencing the perception of tranquillity in order to understand the soundscape and to propose a method based on the perception of tranquillity for the detection of quiet areas within urban ones. A linear model that predicts the tranquillity perceived in different environments, based on their visual and acoustic characteristics, is proposed. Users were interviewed by operators inside the areas, using a direct approach of standardized questionnaires and oral questions. Simultaneous noise measurements and soundwalks have been performed, together with visual registrations. The linear model obtained predicts the perceived tranquillity based on the statistical level LA10 (A-weighted noise level exceeded for 10% of the measurement time) the sound sources and visual elements. The perceived tranquillity results negatively correlated to LA10 and to the presence of sound sources or negative visual elements. The presence of beneficial sound sources is positively correlated to the perceived tranquillity. However, the effect of the noise level is regulated by environmental characteristics. Perceived tranquillity is proposed as an indicator to identify quiet areas in the urban environment, according to European Directive 49/2002/EC. The obtained model identifies the areas that would get a higher tranquillity value than a fixed threshold value and therefore would be perceived as quiet. The model can be used as a cost-benefit analysis support tool to identify the best solution between the reduction of noise levels and the regeneration of urban areas, referring to the tranquillity perceived by the users.
Elevational Shifts in the Topographic Position of Polylepis Forest Stands in the Andes of Southern Peru
Authors: Toivonen Johanna , Gonzales-Inca Carlos , Bader Maaike , Ruokolainen Kalle , Kessler Michael
Published: December 2017

The patchy distribution of high-Andean treeline forests has provoked discussion about the relative importance of anthropogenic and climatic causes of this pattern, both of which vary with topography. We aimed to understand the topographic controls on the distribution of Polylepis subsericans treeline forests in the Andes of southern Peru, and the changes in these controls along an elevational gradient. We mapped Polylepis forests in the Cordillera Urubamba, Cusco, using high-resolution aerial images and related forest cover to topographic variables extracted from a digital terrain model (30-m resolution). The variables were selected based on their expected biological relevance for tree growth at high elevations. We constructed logistic regression models of forest cover, separately for each of five 100-m elevational belts. To deal with spatial autocorrelation, models were based on randomized 10% subsampling of the data with 1000 repetitions. The results suggest a consistent shift in topographic preference with elevation, with forests at lower elevations showing a preference for topographically protected sites near rivers and forests at higher elevations being increasingly restricted to north-facing and well-drained sites. Our study offers the first indication of the ability of Andean treeline forests to benefit from the topographic heterogeneity of the high-Andes. Providing that dispersal and establishment are possible, local relocation between microsites could help these forests to persist regionally in spite of changing climatic conditions.
A New Research Agenda for the Study of Genetic Ancestry Tests and the Formation of Racial and Ethnic Identities and Ancestries
Authors: Tyler Katharine
Published: December 2017

This paper sets out a new research agenda for the study of family historians’ (referred to as ‘genealogists’) use of genetic ancestry tests in the course of their family history research in postcolonial Britain. My focus is upon the ways in which the use of these tests shapes the formation of genealogists’ ethnic, racial, national, class and gender identities and their ancestries. I argue that, while there is some significant and important work on the ways in which African Americans and white Americans deploy these tests to trace their family histories, there is little comparable work in the context of postcolonial Britain. Drawing on sociological, anthropological and geographical research on identity, genetic ancestry testing and family history research, I set out some of the theoretical issues that research in this area in Britain should address, and outline possible methodologies and methods that will serve to bridge this gap in the current literature on race, ethnicity, identity and genealogy.
Engineering Applications Using Probabilistic Aftershock Hazard Analyses: Aftershock Hazard Map and Load Combination of Aftershocks and Tsunamis
Authors: Choi Byunghyun , Nishida Akemi , Itoi Tatsuya , Takada Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2017

After the Tohoku earthquake in 2011, we observed that aftershocks tended to occur in a wide region after such a large earthquake. These aftershocks resulted in secondary damage or delayed rescue and recovery activities. In addition, it has been reported that there are regions where the intensity of the vibrations owing to the aftershocks was much stronger than those associated with the main shock. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the seismic risk associated with aftershocks. We used the data regarding aftershocks that was obtained from the Tohoku earthquake and various other historically large earthquakes. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of the aftershocks using the Gutenberg–Richter law and the modified Omori law. Subsequently, we previously proposed a probabilistic aftershock occurrence model that is expected to be useful to develop plans for recovery activities after future large earthquakes. In this study, the probabilistic aftershock hazard analysis is used to create aftershock hazard maps. We propose a hazard map focusing on the probability of aftershocks on the scale of the main shock for use with a recovery activity plan. Following the lessons learned from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, we focus on the simultaneous occurrence of tsunamis and aftershocks just after a great subduction earthquake. The probabilistic aftershock hazard analysis is used to derive load combination equations of the load and resistance factor design. This design is intended to simultaneously consider tsunamis and aftershocks for tsunami-resistant designs of tsunami evacuation buildings.
Bio-Functional Design, Application and Trends in Metallic Biomaterials
Authors: Yang Ke , Zhou Changchun , Fan Hongsong , Fan Yujiang , Jiang Qing , Song Ping , Fan Hongyuan , Chen Yu , Zhang Xingdong
Published: December 2017

Introduction of metals as biomaterials has been known for a long time. In the early development, sufficient strength and suitable mechanical properties were the main considerations for metal implants. With the development of new generations of biomaterials, the concepts of bioactive and biodegradable materials were proposed. Biological function design is very import for metal implants in biomedical applications. Three crucial design criteria are summarized for developing metal implants: (1) mechanical properties that mimic the host tissues; (2) sufficient bioactivities to form bio-bonding between implants and surrounding tissues; and (3) a degradation rate that matches tissue regeneration and biodegradability. This article reviews the development of metal implants and their applications in biomedical engineering. Development trends and future perspectives of metallic biomaterials are also discussed.
Arrest of Root Carious Lesions via Sodium Fluoride, Chlorhexidine and Silver Diamine Fluoride In Vitro
Authors: Göstemeyer Gerd , Schulze Felix , Paris Sebastian , Schwendicke Falk
Published: December 2017

Objective: To compare the root carious lesion arrest of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes and/or sodium fluoride rinses (NaF) in vitro. Background: Effective and easily applicable interventions for treating root carious lesions are needed, as these lesions are highly prevalent amongst elderly individuals. Methods: In 100 bovine dentin samples, artificial root carious lesions were induced using acetic acid and a continuous-culture Lactobacillus rhamnosus biofilm model. One quarter of each induced lesion was excavated and baseline dentinal bacterial counts assessed as Colony-Forming-Units (CFU) per mg. Samples were allocated to one of four treatments (n = 25/group): (1) untreated control; (2) 38% SDF or (3) 35% CHX varnish, each applied once, plus 500 ppm daily NaF rinse in the subsequent lesion progression phase; and (4) daily NaF rinses only. Samples were re-transferred to the biofilm model and submitted to a cariogenic challenge. After six days, another quarter of each lesion was used to assess bacterial counts and the remaining sample was used to assess integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) using microradiography. Results: ΔZ did not differ significantly between control (median (25th/75th percentiles): 9082 (7859/9782) vol % × µm), NaF (6704 (4507/9574) and SDF 7206 (5389/8082)) (p < 0.05/Kruskal–Wallis test). CHX significantly reduced ΔZ (3385 (2447/4496)) compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). Bacterial numbers did not differ significantly between control (1451 (875/2644) CFU/µg) and NaF (750 (260/1401)) (p > 0.05). SDF reduced bacterial counts (360 (136/1166)) significantly compared with control (p < 0.05). CHX reduced bacterial counts (190 (73/517)) significantly compared with NaF and control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CHX varnish plus regular NaF rinses arrested root carious lesions most successfully.
An Iterative Method for Solving a Class of Fractional Functional Differential Equations with “Maxima”
Authors: Nisse Khadidja , Nisse Lamine
Published: December 2017

In the present work, we deal with nonlinear fractional differential equations with “maxima” and deviating arguments. The nonlinear part of the problem under consideration depends on the maximum values of the unknown function taken in time-dependent intervals. Proceeding by an iterative approach, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solution, in a context that does not fit within the framework of fixed point theory methods for the self-mappings, frequently used in the study of such problems. An example illustrating our main result is also given.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red and Green Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Li Yongzhou , Luo Xiang , Wu Cuiyun , Cao Shangyin , Zhou Yifei , Jie Bo , Cao Yalong , Meng Haijun , Wu Guoliang
Published: December 2017

Fruit color is an important economic trait. The color of red walnut cultivars is mainly attributed to anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the molecular mechanism of leaf and peel color change between red and green walnut. A reference transcriptome of walnut was sequenced and annotated to identify genes related to fruit color at the ripening stage. More than 290 million high-quality reads were assembled into 39,411 genes using a combined assembly strategy. Using Illumina digital gene expression profiling, we identified 4568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between red and green walnut leaf and 3038 DEGs between red and green walnut peel at the ripening stage. We also identified some transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) involved in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The trends in the expression levels of several genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes and transcription factors in the leaf and peel of red and green walnut were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Together, our results identified the genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in red walnut. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the coloration of red walnut.
Design and Synthesis of Malonamide Derivatives as Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Su Jung-Chen , Huang Yu-Ting , Chen Chang-Shi , Chiu Hao-Chieh , Shiau Chung-Wai
Published: December 2017

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious threat to humans. Most existing antimicrobial drugs, including the β-lactam and quinoxiline classes, are not effective against MRSA. In this study, we synthesized 24 derivatives of malonamide, a new class of antibacterial agents and potentiators of classic antimicrobials. A derivative that increases bacterial killing and biofilm eradication with low cell toxicity was created.
Claimed Effects, Outcome Variables and Methods of Measurement for Health Claims Proposed Under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the Framework of Maintenance of Skin Function
Authors: Martini Daniela , Angelino Donato , Cortelazzi Chiara , Zavaroni Ivana , Bedogni Giorgio , Musci Marilena , Pruneti Carlo , Passeri Giovanni , Ventura Marco , Galli Daniela , Mirandola Prisco , Vitale Marco , Dei Cas Alessandra , Bonadonna Riccardo , Di Nuzzo Sergio , De Felici Maria , Del Rio Daniele
Published: December 2017

Evidence suggests a protective role for several nutrients and foods in the maintenance of skin function. Nevertheless, all the requests for authorization to use health claims under Article 13(5) in the framework of maintenance of skin function presented to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have received a negative opinion. Reasons for such failures are mainly due to an insufficient substantiation of the claimed effects, including the choice of inappropriate outcome variables (OVs) and methods of measurement (MMs). The present paper reports the results of an investigation aimed at collecting, collating and critically analyzing the information with relation to claimed effects (CEs), OVs and MMs related to skin health compliance with Regulation 1924/2006. CEs, OVs and MMs were collected from both the EFSA Guidance document and from the authorization requests of health claims under Article 13(5). The critical analysis of OVs and MMs was based on a literature review, and was aimed at defining their appropriateness (alone or in combination with others) in the context of a specific CE. The results highlight the importance of an adequate choice of OVs and MMs for an effective substantiation of the claims.
Recycling of Polymer-Based Multilayer Packaging: A Review
Authors: Kaiser Katharina , Schmid Markus , Schlummer Martin
Published: December 2017

Polymer-based multilayer packaging materials are commonly used in order to combine the respective performance of different polymers. By this approach, the tailored functionality of packaging concepts is created to sufficiently protect sensitive food products and thus obtain extended shelf life. However, because of their poor recyclability, most multilayers are usually incinerated or landfilled, counteracting the efforts towards a circular economy and crude oil independency. This review depicts the current state of the European multilayer packaging market and sketches the current end-of-life situation of postconsumer multilayer packaging waste in Germany. In the main section, a general overview of the state of research about material recycling of different multilayer packaging systems is provided. It is divided into two subsections, whereby one describes methods to achieve a separation of the different components, either by delamination or the selective dissolution–reprecipitation technique, and the other describes methods to achieve recycling by compatibilization of nonmiscible polymer types. While compatibilization methods and the technique of dissolution–reprecipitation are already extensively studied, the delamination of packaging has not been investigated systematically. All the presented options are able to recycle multilayer packaging, but also have drawbacks like a limited scope or a high expenditure of energy.
Design and Development of a Wearable Device for Heat Stroke Detection
Authors: Chen Sheng-Tao , Lin Shih-Sung , Lan Chien-Wu , Hsu Hao-Yen
Published: December 2017

Heat stroke can be potentially damaging for people while exercising in hot environments. To prevent this dangerous situation, we designed a wearable heat-stroke-detection device (WHDD) with early notification ability. First, we used several physical sensors, such as galvanic skin response (GSR), heart beat, and body temperature, to acquire medical data from exercising people. In addition, we designed risk evaluation functional components that were based on fuzzy theory to detect the features of heat stroke for users. If a dangerous situation is detected, then the device will activate the alert function to remind the user to respond adequately to avoid heat stroke.