bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facilitating the Implementation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in Clinical Practice
Authors: Su Charlie Chung-Yih , Clark Lee Anna , Hopwood Christopher James , Jonas Katherine , Kotov Roman , nelson brady , Rodriguez-Seijas Craig Anthony , Ruggero Camilo , Simms Leonard , Mullins-Sweatt Stephanie , Cicero David C
Published: June 2024

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a nosology that aims to improve upon traditional diagnostic systems by conceptualizing psychopathology dimensionally and hierarchically. A major unanswered question about HiTOP is whether and how the system can be used effectively in clinical practice. The current study reports the efficacy of the Clinical Translation Workgroup’s first workshop in facilitating the implementation of HiTOP in clinical practice. The 6-hour workshop is now available in recorded format for continuing education. It includes an introduction to HiTOP and describes the use of HiTOP in assessment/measurement, case conceptualization, treatment planning, and with diverse and underserved populations. At baseline, participants rated the usefulness of HiTOP similar to the DSM but reported more knowledge about how to use the DSM for a range of clinical activities, such as treatment planning, monitoring patient outcomes, and documenting/billing for services. After the workshop, participants rated HiTOP as more useful than the DSM for most tasks and reported equivalent knowledge about the DSM and HiTOP for all tasks except billing for services. These results suggest that training in the clinical application of HiTOP increases familiarity with and confidence in the utility of the model among clinicians. Future work will continue to refine the workshop, evaluate its effectiveness, expand its scope to include additional topics, and develop more tools for incorporating HiTOP into clinical practice.
An extension of variational quantum eigensolver to calculate molecular orbitals
Authors: Kikuchi Ichio , Kikuchi Akihito
Published: July 2024

This article presents a construction of a variational quantum eigensolver that allows us to calculate molecular orbitals. As the authors of the presented work have discussed in their preceding works, the variables in the molecular Hartree-Fock equation are represented by a set of transformation matrices. Those matrices have common eigenvectors, and the corresponding eigenvalues give the individual values of the variables that construct the solution of the Hatree-Fock equation. In other words, one can get the wavefunctions and the orbital energies through eigenvalue problems, which could be evaluated by quantum phase estimation. In this article, we use this formalism for another purpose: the transformation matrices are used to construct the total energy function so that the minimization of the total energy leads to an alternative approach of variational quantum eigensolver if the computation is conducted in a quantum computer.
Food trade disruption after global catastrophes
Authors: Jehn Florian , Gajewski Łukasz , Hedlund Johanna , Arnscheidt Constantin , Xia Lili , Wunderling Nico , Denkenberger David
Published: June 2024

The global food trade system is resilient to minor disruptions but vulnerable to major ones. Major shocks can arise from global catastrophic risks, such as abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (e.g., nuclear war) or global catastrophic infrastructure loss (e.g., due to severe geomagnetic storms or a global pandemic). We use a network model to examine how these two scenarios could impact global food trade, focusing on wheat, maize, soybeans, and rice, accounting for about 60% of global calorie intake. Our findings indicate that an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, with soot emissions equivalent to a major nuclear war between India and Pakistan (37 Tg), could severely disrupt trade, causing most countries to lose the vast majority of their food imports (50-100 % decrease), primarily due to the main exporting countries being heavily affected. Global catastrophic infrastructure loss of the same magnitude as the abrupt sunlight reduction has a more homogeneous distribution of yield declines, resulting in most countries losing up to half of their food imports (25-50 % decrease). Thus, our analysis shows that both scenarios could significantly impact the food trade. However, the abrupt sunlight reduction scenario is likely more disruptive than global catastrophic infrastructure loss regarding the effects of yield reductions on food trade. This study underscores the vulnerabilities of the global food trade network to catastrophic risks and the need for enhanced preparedness.
A Range of Management Strategies for Planted Pine Systems Yields Net Climate Benefits
Authors: Puls Sarah J. , Cook Rachel L. , Baker Justin S. , Rakestraw James L.
Published: June 2024

Managed forests, including plantation systems, play a vital and often underappreciated role in contributing to the global carbon sink and mitigating climate change, and determining the most effective mitigation strategies requires accounting methods that accurately assess the climate effects of forests. We use a dynamic life cycle assessment methodology to compare the climate effects of thirty-six forest management scenarios with varying rotation lengths for loblolly pine plantations in the southern U.S., including both in situ and ex situ greenhouse gas fluxes. We also evaluate the effectiveness of using only carbon stock estimates to assess the net climate effect of a given management strategy relative to radiative forcing metrics. Using carbon stocks as the metric, we failed to attribute management strategies with higher relative climate benefits, emphasizing the need for greenhouse gas accounting methodologies that directly represent the effect of forest management on potential atmospheric warming mitigation efforts. When radiative forcing is used for comparison, our results show that management decisions such as thinning and rotation length should be adjusted based on stand-specific conditions, and that overgeneralized strategies, such as extending rotation lengths, lowered or had little effect on climate benefits for many scenarios.
Design and Development of Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) Detector Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Lajom Maria Patrice , Remigio Joseph Paul , Arboleda Edwin , Sacala Rhen John Rey
Published: July 2024

An Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (EFSB) is a disease that affects the entirety of the eggplant fruit if not detected. Hence, a detector was proposed in the form of a handheld gun. It was designed and developed to non-invasively classify eggplant fruits that are non-infested and infested with EFSB. Using an Arduino Nano as its microcontroller and a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) module, insect infestation is determined and displayed through its OLED display. Measured reflectance data through the NIRS module of the detector is then stored inside a MicroSD module for further use. Since the prototype was developed for online monitoring, portability was given of utmost importance, pattering the design in the form of a handheld gun, inside of which was powered by a 9V rechargeable battery. The 3D-printed chassis of the detector houses the aforementioned components and modules, alongside with switches for power and near-infrared detection. Through Support Vector Machine (SVM), the classifier model was trained and developed using Jupyter and was extracted as a C++ code for the Arduino Nano module. Compared with a farmer's traditional performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and speed, the prototype performed better with an accuracy of 84%, precision of 72.83%, and an average speed of 9.736 seconds.
Infecciones TORCH en la gestación: Laboratorio clínico y la necesidad de una norma nacional
Authors: Álvarez-Carrasco Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Ciertos microorganismos agrupados en el acrónimo TORCH –toxoplasma, otrosagentes, rubeola, citomegalovirus y herpes simple- muy disimiles en su taxonomía,morfología y patogenia, tienen como característica común causar infecciones en lasgestantes quienes las pueden transmitir verticalmente, siendo potencialmente gravespara el feto y el recién nacido. Por tanto, es indispensable definir oportunamenteel diagnostico mediante ensayos de laboratorio. Sin embargo, en el Perú se carecede una norma nacional que permita evidenciar la incidencia y prevalencia de estaspatologías, dimensionar su magnitud y tomar las medidas adecuadas de saludpública. El objetivo de este artículo es difundir la apropiada interpretación de laspruebas de uso común y justificar el diseño de una norma.
Neumorraquis como complicación de anestesia epidural durante el puerperio
Authors: Sarmiento-Piña Maira , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: June 2024

La analgesia epidural es un procedimiento común para aliviar el dolor, especialmenteen la práctica obstétrica. El neumorraquis y el neumocéfalo son complicacionespoco frecuentes de la punción dural involuntaria y la inyección de aire en el espaciosubaracnoideo o subdural. La presencia de aire dentro del canal espinal es unacondición rara y generalmente benigna conocida como neumorraquis. Las causaspueden ser traumáticas, no traumáticas o iatrogénicas. La neumorraquis secundariaa la anestesia epidural está asociada con la inserción de la aguja utilizando la técnicade pérdida de resistencia al aire. Debido a que suele ser asintomática y la mayoríade los casos con síntomas presentan manifestaciones neurológicas no focales, sesuele tratar de forma conservadora. Esto se debe a que normalmente se resuelveespontáneamente en horas o días. Sin embargo, en algunos casos relacionarsecon una patología grave subyacente y volverse sintomática, lo que requiere undiagnóstico y tratamiento activos dependiendo de la intensidad de los síntomas.Se presenta un caso de neumorraquis como complicación de la anestesia epiduraldurante el puerperio.
A Theory of “Islamic Modernities:” Religion and Modernisation in Muslim History
Authors: Jung Dietrich
Published: June 2024

This article takes its point of departure from the observation that references to Islamic religious traditions became the dominant signifier in defining the authenticity of Muslim modernities. How should we understand this observation of a relative hegemony of ideas of specifically Islamic modernities in the Muslim world? The article wants to answer this question in developing a theoretical argument concerning the role of religion in modernity in four steps. The first section presents a critical discussion of Eisenstadt’s concept of multiple modernities. Then, I develop a conceptual dichotomy between modernity as a social macro structure and modernity as a multiplicity of cultural projects. In the third step, the article briefly discusses notions of secularisation and their remaining relevance for theories of multiple modernity. Finally, I suggest understanding the observable dominance of specifically Islamic constructions of modernity in the Muslim world through the lenses of the concept of cultural hegemony. The article concludes with four short suggestions to answer the question as to how my argumentation relates to some core tenets of classical modernisation theory.
الهمس والجهر في آيات الترغيب والترهيب: دراسة تطبيقية إحصائية
Authors: سعدة السنوسي التيجاني  , عاصم شحاده صالح علي
Published: June 2024

المقدمة
إنّ موضوع ارتباط الصوت بالدلالة من المواضيع القديمة التي التفت إليها قراء القرآن وعلماء علم اللغة واللسانيات على امتداد العصور، ومن المعروف أنّ اللغة العربية حظيت باهتمام العلماء منذ أمد بعيد فدرسوا اللغة بمختلف مستوياتها الصوتية والصرفية والنحوية والدلالية، [1] وسنحاول في هذا البحث أنْ نجد فكرة الارتباط بين مستويي (الصوت والدلالة)، وكيف تناول العلماء قديماً وحديثاً هذه المسألة بالقبول والرفض، فالأصوات العربية كما هو معروف عنها امتازت بصفات مختلفة.[2] فدراسة هذا البحث تركز على دراسة صوتي (الجهر والهمس) وأثر هذين الصوتين في السياق النّصي. وقد أخذت آيات الترغيب والترهيب في الجزء المفصل من القرآن نموذجاً للدراسة،[3] كون القرآن الكريم أرقى نص أدبي بلا منازع، وغنياً بالأمثلة وكل من يقرؤه قراءة متأنية متمعنة فحتماً سيشعر بالحلاوة والإيقاع الذي يحدثه تناسق الحروف والكلمات، فيحاول هذا البحث تبيين آراء العلماء المتقدمين والمحدثين حول علاقة الصوت بالدلالة، وتبيين مدى ارتباط الصوت بالدلالة، وعرض نماذج من آيات الترغيب والترهيب، وتبيين دلالة الجهر والهمس في السياق القرآني لهذه الآيات، وتتبع هذه الدراسة منهجين؛ أولهما جمع المادة العلمية النظرية الموجودة في المصادر والمراجع التي لها علاقة بموضوع الدراسة، وثانيهما تقوم الدراسة بتحليل الآيات المختارة لتبين العلاقة بين الصوت والدلالة، وثمة دراسات سابقة ترتبط بموضوع البحث كالدراسة التي قدمها زاهر بن سيف الفرعي بعنوان: طرق القرآن في الترغيب والترهيب،[1] ودراسة أحمد راغب أحمد في رسالته الماجستير، بعنوان: فونولوجيا القرآن دراسة لأحكام التجويد في ضوء الأصوات الحديثة،[2] وماجد النجار كتب مقالة بعنوان: من ملامح الدلالة الصوتية في القرآن الكريم،[3] ودراسة أثر القراءات القرآنية في الدلالة الصوتية لمؤلفها أبو السعيد محمد عبد المجيد عبد الرحمن شيك،[4] والبحث الذي قدمه كيلان خليل حيدر بعنوان: الترغيب والترهيب في القرآن الكريم وأهميتها في الدعوة إلى الله،[5] ومقالة دفة بالقاسم التي بعنوان: نماذج من الإعجاز الصوتي في القرآن الكريم،[6] ففي ضوء ماذكرناه من دراسات سابقة تناولت هذه الدراسات مواضيع متشابهة وتتصل بموضوع بحثي ولكنها لم تتطرق إلى انعكاس دلالة الجهر والهمس على آيات الترغيب والترهيب فضلاً عن الإحصاء ببرنامج (SPSS) المستخدم في إحصاء هذه الآيات.
Совершенствование организационно-экономических аспектов развития казахстанского образования в сфере туризма
Authors: Жанакова Н.Н. , Төлепов Ә.Е. , Шаяхметова Л.М. , Нұрғалиева З.Х. , Кабиева А.Т.
Published: June 2024

Цель: Изучение современного состояния развития казахстанского образования в сфере туризма и выявление проблем в подготовленности и обеспеченности казахстанского рынка труда профессиональными кадрами в этой сфере.
Методы: В статье применялся метод контент-анализа документов, охватывающий статистический анализ и обработку текущей ситуации сферы образования в туризме. Проведенное исследование основывается на институциональном, системном методах, методах относительной оценки и общенаучного обобщения. Авторами использованы инструменты форсайта туристической отрасли Казахстана.
Результаты: В ходе научного исследования выявлено критическое сокращение численности обучающихся к началу 2022–2023 учебного года, которое может привести к дефициту кадров в сфере туризма, последствия которого казахстанский рынок труда ощутит уже через несколько лет. Основной причиной сокращения численности обучающихся является резкое сокращение уполномоченным органом в сфере образования количества выделяемых грантов на обучение по образовательным программам специальностей туризма. Образовательные программы по туризму не в полной мере соответствуют реальным требованиям отрасли из-за их недостаточной ориентированности на практическую деятельность. Это приводит к ситуации, когда выпускники профильных направлений в сфере туризма не находят должной востребованности на рынке труда.
Выводы: В казахстанской системе образования необходимо развивать смежные виды профессий по туристской отрасли с учетом потребностей современного рынка туристских услуг. Требования к преподавателям учреждений образования должны быть направлены на повышение качества образования с ориентацией на практическое применение читаемых курсов; важна коллаборация уполномоченных организаций в сфере образования и туризма.
Website usability testing of Corporate Fund “University Medical Center”: neuromarketing approach
Authors: Orazgaliyeva E.B. , Kazybayeva A.M. , Smykova M.R.
Published: June 2024

Object: The purpose of the study is to identify the weaknesses of the “University Medical Center” website using both traditional marketing and innovative marketing techniques, including neuromarketing technologies. This will enable us to understand the extent to which the neuromarketing approach requires fewer financial resources. The conclusions and recommendations drawn from the study will provide the necessary information to enhance the functionality of the “University Medical Center” website.
Methods: As a methodology in the usability testing study, a neuromarketing approach and a questionnaire were used. The Eye Tracking technology and the iMotions program were used in the research. Also, a questionnaire was compiled, which was conducted with respondents before and after the Eye Tracking analysis.
Findings: Based on the experience gained during this research work, it can be concluded that the use of a mixed approach to marketing research is very effective. This method is more accurate than traditional research, but cheaper than neuromarketing.
Conclusions: At the end of the study, it was concluded that innovative marketing, namely the use of a neuromarketing approach, requires fewer financial resources. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were formulated for positioning the Corporate Fund “University Medical Center” and recommendations for the website based on the research.
Дети-спецпереселенцы Казахстана в документах и материалах
Authors: Алланиязов Турганбек , Абдрахманова Кымбат
Published: July 2024

В статье охарактеризованы документальные публикации, посвященные проблеме депортации народов на территорию Казахстана, выявлена документальная база, определены основные группы источников, проанализированы документы и материалы, содержащие сведения о детях-спецпереселенцах, выявлен их информационный потенциал по таким ключевым аспектам истории детей-спецпереселенцев Казахстана 1930–1950-х годов, как: а) численный состав детей-спецпереселенцев, в том числе по возрасту и национальной принадлежности; б) охват детей-спецпереселенцев учебными и лечебными заведениями; в) материально-бытовые условия; г) обеспеченность детей-спецпереселенцев одеждой и продовольствием; д) смертность детей-спецпереселенцев; е) трудоиспользование детей-спецпереселенцев.
FINITE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS WITHIN SCALAR FIELD DARK MATTER MODEL
Authors: Suliyeva G.B. ,   National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Open Type, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2024

The distribution of dark matter in four low surface brightness spiral galaxies is studied using two models within the scalar field theory of dark matter, an alternative to the cold dark matter paradigm. The first model is a Bose-Einstein condensate, in which bosons occupy the ground state at zero temperature. The second model includes finite temperature corrections to the scalar field potential, which allows the introduction of excited states. A nonlinear least squares approximation method is used to determine the free parameters of the models, including scale radius, characteristic (central) density and total mass, based on observational data of rotation curves. Quantitative analysis shows the importance of considering finite temperatures at the galactic level. In addition, the two models are compared with results from widely used and accepted phenomenological dark matter profiles such as the isothermal sphere, Navarro-Frank-White and Burkert profiles. The reliability of each model was assessed based on the Bayesian information criterion of completeness. Statistical analysis provides meaningful interpretation of the choice of a particular profile. Ultimately, this study contributes to a better understanding of the distribution of dark matter in low surface brightness spiral galaxies by shedding light on the performance of scalar field models compared to traditional phenomenological profiles.
EDUCAÇÃO HISTÓRICA E PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL
Authors: Bueno Dioury de Andrade , Urban Ana Claudia
Published: July 2024

O presente texto é parte das discussões realizadas em uma dissertação de mestrado, onde foi buscado evidenciar de que forma o patrimônio cultural era explicitado (ou não) em diferentes documentos oficias voltados ao ensino de História para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A partir de diferentes concepções para o patrimônio a pesquisa aponta a ampliação da própria ideia do que é patrimônio ao longo do tempo, bem como o ideal político por trás de uma concepção fechada para esses bens. Apoiando-se em discussões já realizadas no ensino de história, em especial no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Educação Histórica (LAPEDUH) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Paraná, o presente artigo aponta para as potencialidades dessas fontes patrimoniais, a partir de uma análise qualitativa de diferentes documentos. O estudo possibilitou visualizar esses vestígios históricos como método, conteúdo, fonte histórica e/ou objeto do conhecimento. Entre os documentos analisados, encontram-se orientações municipais (Curitiba/PR) e nacionais para o ensino de História. Entendendo que a Educação Histórica tem como ponto de partida as fontes históricas, defende-se a importância desses patrimônios no ensino de História.
CULTIVARES DE UVAS BRANCAS (Vitis vinífera L.) NA REGIÃO DO ALTO URUGUAI GAÚCHO/RS
Authors: Lodi RISSINI Alessander , Segala MIOTTO Shana Paula , Venquiaruto Luciana Dornelles , Valduga Eunice
Published: July 2024

Diante da carência de informações e da relevância socioeconômica da vitivinicultura na região do Alto Uruguai/RS, este estudo teve como objetivo principal aprimorar o processo de fermentação para a produção e análise de vinhos brancos a partir de clones das variedades de uva Schiava, Prosecco, Greco di Tufo, Vermentino e Verdiso, oferecendo uma fonte de aprendizado e desenvolvimento para viticultores e enólogos. Inicialmente, determinou-se o momento ideal de colheita com base nas características analíticas dos mostos e também avaliou-se os aspectos físicos dos cachos, incluindo peso, número de bagas por cacho, peso da ráquis e a proporção entre o peso da ráquis e o peso do cacho. A produção de vinho foi conduzida de acordo com o método tradicional, utilizando um sistema de microvinificação. Foram realizadas análises para avaliar a qualidade dos vinhos, incluindo a medição do teor alcoólico, açúcares residuais, teores de dióxido de enxofre (SO2 livre e total), acidez total e volátil, ácido málico, ácido láctico, pH e a composição mineral dos vinhos. Os resultados indicam que as variedades de uva Schiava, Prosecco, Greco di Tufo, Vermentino e Verdiso da espécie Vitis vinifera demonstraram se adaptar bem ao microclima da região do Alto Uruguai Gaúcho/RS e apresentaram um potencial promissor para a produção de vinhos brancos de qualidade na região em estudo.
Erythrocytic and Nuclear Abnormalities in Natrix sp. from the Biga Stream (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Authors: Çördük Nurşen , Boran Begüm , Baycan Bengi , Uysal İbrahim
Published: June 2024

The Grass Snake (Natrix natrix) and the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) are potential bioindicator water snake species in certain aquatic habitats. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of erythrocytic abnormalities, immature erythrocyte index, and nuclear abnormalities in Natrix natrix and Natrix tessellata from Biga Stream in Çanakkale, Türkiye. Erythrocytic abnormalities and nuclear abnormalities such as micronuclei, lobbed nuclei, notched nuclei, blebbed nuclei, and binucleate cells were observed in peripheral blood smears for each sample. According to our results, total erythrocytic abnormalities in N. natrix (3.01±0.55%) were higher than in N. tessellata (2.52±0.32%). Similarly, the frequency of total nuclear abnormalities in N. natrix (13.40±2.7%) was higher than in N. tessellata (12.68±5.81%) but there was no statistically significant difference in total erythrocytic and nuclear abnormalities. However, student's t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two species only in terms of immature erythrocyte index (p: 0.008) which was higher in N. natrix. Due to the results, it was suggested that N. natrix may exhibit more physiological responses to envirenmental stress factors.
Ruminal Ciliate (Ciliophora, Trichostomatia) Biota of European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Kastamonu
Authors: Gürelli Gözde , Mutlu Ekrem
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the ruminal ciliate biota of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Kastamonu. Only one species, Entodinium dubardi (Ophryoscolecidae, Trichostomatia), was identified from the ruminal contents of twelve (70.6% prevalence) of seventeen roe deers. Five of seventeen roe deer had no ciliates. E. dubardi was determined for the first time from the ruminal content of roe deer in Türkiye. The average ciliate concentration was 17.5 ± 27.0 × 104 cells mL–1. Min.–max. values ranged from 0 to 87 × 104 cells mL–1.
Peran Amerika Serikat dalam Menengahi Konflik Israel-Palestina melalui Perjanjian Camp David dan Oslo
Authors: Zainal Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Artikel ini membahas tentang peran Amerika Serikat dalam menengahi konflik yang terjadi antara Israel dan Palestina. Konflik tersebut memiliki sejarah yang panjang sejak Inggris mengambil alih wilayah Arab (Palestina) dan kemudian mengakui negara Israel. Hal ini mendapat penentangan dari Palestina dan negara-negara sekitarnya. Menyikapi hal tersebut, Pada konflik Israel – Palestina, AS berperan sebagai mediator untuk mendamaikan konflik kedua negara tersebut. AS mencoba menengahi dengan membuat perjanjian antar kepala negara seperti perjanjian Camp David dan perjanjian Oslo. Perjanjian Camp David merupakan serangkaian upaya membentuk kesepakatan yang ditandatangani oleh Presiden Mesir Anwar Sadat dan Perdana Menteri Israel Menachem Begin di Camp David, tempat peristirahatan bersejarah presiden Amerika Serikat. Setelah adanya perjanjian Camp David, kemudian AS membuat perjanjian Oslo untuk mendamaikan kembali kedua negara karena konflik kembali terjadi. Perjanjian Oslo ini ditandatangani Yasser Arafat dari pihak Palestina dan Yithzak Rabin dari pihak Israel di Washington DC dengan disaksikan oleh Bill Clinton. Kesepakatan Oslo menandai pertama kalinya Israel dan Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina (PLO) secara resmi mengakui satu sama lain.
 
Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat; Konflik Israel-Palestina; Perjanjian Camp David; Perjanjian Oslo 
 
Abstract: This article discusses the role of the United States in mediating the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The conflict has a long history since Britain took over the Arab region (Palestine) and later recognized the state of Israel. This is opposed by Palestine and the surrounding countries. In response to this, in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the US acts as a mediator to reconcile the conflicts between the two countries. The US tried to mediate by making agreements between heads of state such as the Camp David agreement and the Oslo agreement. The Camp David Agreement is a series of efforts to forge an agreement signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David, the historic resting place of the US president. After the Camp David agreement, then the US made the Oslo agreement to reconcile the two countries because the conflict happened again. The Oslo Agreement was signed by Yasser Arafat from the Palestinian side and Yithzak Rabin from the Israeli side in Washington DC, witnessed by Bill Clinton. The Oslo Accords marked the first time Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) have officially recognized each other.
 
Keywords: Camp David Accords; Israel-Palestine Conflict; Oslo Accords; United States
Historiographical review of the Paracquaria missions. Origin of the national schools of historians
Authors: Delgado García Antonio
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The historical-cultural phenomenon that occurred in the so-called Guaraní Indian missions of the ancient province of Paracquaria in South America, was a moment of three centuries of continuity that aroused immeasurable concerns from that same time in the 17th century until well into the 18th century. in which the missions were in force. Methodology: Analyze how during the centuries of the Modern Age the missions were reflected on, leaving a large number of printed sources that constitute the first stories of these missions. Results: From these primary sources where a historiographical journey begins that has been expanded over several centuries with all types of writers, approaches, themes and diverse historiographical productions. Discussion: The varieties of writings from the 18th century in contrast to the 19th century allow us to see the changes in the way of doing history about the Jesuit missions of Garaní. Conclusion: See how the sum of authors throughout the 17th to 19th centuries gave rise to a deep knowledge about the missions, and how many of these authors in their historiographic reflection constitute the origin of the various national schools of historians of the missions. South American region.
Microsurgical management of recurrent intracranial aneurysm after endovascular treatment: a series of 60 consecutive patients
Authors: Lejeune Jean-Paul , Karnoub Mélodie-Anne , Devalckeneer Antoine , Bretzner Martin , Bourgeois Philippe , Aboukais Rabih
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morbidity associated with microsurgical treatment in patients with a recurrent aneurysm to improve their surgical management.

METHODS

From 2012 to 2022, among the 3128 patients with ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysms managed at the authors’ institution, 954 patients were treated by a microsurgical procedure. Of these 3128 patients, 60 consecutive patients (6.3%) who had a recurrent microsurgically treated aneurysm after previous endovascular treatment were included in this study. Additional microsurgical treatment was considered in case of progressive remnant growth or significant aneurysm recurrence. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted. Early (< 7 days) and long-term clinical and radiological monitoring were performed. Good functional outcome was considered as a modified Rankin Scale score < 3.

RESULTS

The mean age at initial treatment was 45 years (range 26–65 years). The mean delay between the first treatment and microsurgical treatment of the recurrence was 64 months (range 2 days–296 months). The mean size of the fundus recurrence was 5 mm, and the mean size of the neck recurrence was 4.6 mm. Five patients (8.3%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with rupture of the recurrent aneurysm. Three patients died (6%) of aneurysm rupture and/or intensive care complications. The total morbidity rate associated with the microsurgical procedure was 14.5% (8/55) in patients with unruptured recurrent aneurysms. Among these patients, postoperative definitive complications (ischemic lesions) directly related to the microsurgical procedure were present in 3 patients (5.5%). Intraoperative rupture was recorded in these 3 patients. In the 54 surviving patients with unruptured recurrent aneurysms, good functional outcome was noted in 49 (91%). Poor functional outcome was significantly associated with intraoperative rupture.

CONCLUSIONS

Microsurgery remains an effective therapeutic option for recurrent intracranial aneurysms. However, in the authors’ experience, postoperative morbidity is higher than in patients with nonrecurrent aneurysms. Therefore, a pretherapeutic multidisciplinary evaluation is mandatory to reduce the potential morbidity associated with the retreatment as much as possible. When endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm requires both stenting and coiling, alternative microsurgical treatment should be carefully evaluated, as microsurgical clipping will become much more challenging in cases of aneurysm recurrence.
A nomogram to predict long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma resection: a contemporary multi-institutional study
Authors: Harris Micah K. , Macielak Robert J. , Kaul Vivian F. , Zhang Lisa , Moshtaghi Omid , Gao Thomas Z. , Dixon Peter , Friedman Rick A. , Schwartz Marc S. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Adunka Oliver F. , Ren Yin
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to develop a nomogram to predict long-term facial nerve (FN) function after vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study of two tertiary academic skull base referral centers was performed. Consecutive adults > 18 years of age with sporadic unilateral VS who underwent resection between September 2016 and May 2021 were included. FN function in the immediate postoperative period and at the most recent evaluation was measured.

RESULTS

A total of 306 patients (mean age 49 years, 63% female) were included, with a mean follow-up of 18 months. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 19 mm (range 1–50 mm), and 80 (26.1%) tumors were > 25 mm. Overall, 85% of patients showed good immediate postoperative FN function (House-Brackmann [HB] grade I or II) and 89% maintained good FN function at > 12 months of follow-up. An intraoperative FN electromyographic (EMG) response ≥ 100 µV to 0.05 mA of stimulation (OR 18.6, p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of good HB grade in the immediate postoperative period. EMG response ≥ 100 µV (OR 5.70, p < 0.001), tumor size ≤ 25 mm (OR 3.09, p < 0.05), and better immediate postoperative HB grade (OR 1.48, p = 0.005) predicted good long-term FN function on multivariable analysis. A point-of-care nomogram based on these data predicted long-term FN function with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 69%.

CONCLUSIONS

Better immediate postoperative HB grade, intraoperative FN EMG response ≥ 100 µV, and tumor size ≤ 25 mm strongly predicted good long-term FN function after VS resection. A point-of-care nomogram based on these variables could serve as a useful tool for postoperative counseling and prognosis of long-term FN recovery.
Hemispherectomy at The Hospital for Sick Children: expanded indications and lessons learned over 35 years
Authors: Mithani Karim , Quon Jennifer L. , Breitbart Sara , Steadman Patrick E. , Greuter Ladina , Richards Oliver L. , Schmitz Ann K. , Suresh Hrishikesh , Malik Noor , AlRamadan Abdullah , Ibrahim George M. , Rutka James T.
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

Functional hemispherectomy is an effective surgical intervention for select patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The last several decades have seen dramatic evolutions in preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, and postoperative care. Here, the authors present a retrospective review of the medical records of 146 children who underwent hemispherectomy between 1987 and 2022 at The Hospital for Sick Children, providing a unique overview of the evolution of the procedure and patient outcomes over 35 years.

METHODS

The medical records of all children who underwent hemispherectomy at The Hospital for Sick Children between 1987 and 2022 were reviewed. Demographic information, preoperative clinical features, short-term and long-term seizure outcomes, and details regarding postoperative complications were recorded.

RESULTS

The seizure outcomes of 146 children were analyzed. There were 68 females and 78 males with a mean age of 5.08 years, 123 of whom demonstrated seizure freedom (Engel class IA) in the short-term postoperative follow-up period and 89 in the long term. The effectiveness of hemispherectomy in achieving long-term seizure control has improved over time (β = 0.06, p < 0.001). Factors associated with overall seizure freedom included younger age at the time of hemispherectomy and stroke as the etiology of seizures, as well as complete disconnection during the first surgery. Additionally, the etiologies of epilepsy for which hemispherectomy is performed have expanded over time, while complication rates have remained unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS

Hemispherectomy is an increasingly effective treatment for certain cases of drug-resistant epilepsy. The etiologies of epilepsy for which hemispherectomy is performed are broadening, with no change in its safety profile. Seizure outcomes are better when the etiology of epilepsy is an ischemic injury, and the most common complication after the procedure is hydrocephalus. These findings reinforce the ongoing use of hemispherectomy as a safe and effective treatment option for certain individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy, support its application to a broader range of etiologies, and highlight areas of future investigation.
Clinical features of pediatric patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after isolated head trauma
Authors: Kotani Saki , Fujiwara Gaku , Fuji Keisuke , Maekawa Toyonobu , Ogita Shogo , Goto Yudai , Murakami Mamoru , Kimura Satoshi , Murakami Nobukuni , Hashimoto Naoya
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

An association between blunt head trauma and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has been recognized, but its symptoms are nonspecific and the duration of symptoms remains unclear. Anticoagulation therapy is not considered necessary in most cases of traumatic CVST; however, this is controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with CVST after isolated head trauma.

METHODS

The records of pediatric patients with isolated head trauma admitted for observation at 3 medical centers between January 2018 and May 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. CVST was diagnosed on MR venography (MRV). Clinical presentation, therapeutic management, and outcomes were evaluated in patients who had follow-up MRV.

RESULTS

Of 260 pediatric patients with head trauma admitted to the 3 hospitals, 26 patients underwent MRV and 8 (30.8%) were diagnosed with CVST. One patient was treated with heparin, while the others received conservative treatment. All patients were discharged home asymptomatic. MRV performed during follow-up displayed complete recanalization in all cases, except for 1 case with partial recanalization. The median hospital stay was longer in patients with CVST than in those without CVST (9.5 vs 3.0 days, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The length of stay of pediatric patients with traumatic CVST was prolonged compared with those without CVST, but most patients had good outcomes with spontaneous recanalization following conservative treatment.
An analysis of ChatGPT recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Hoang Timothy , Liou Lathan , Rosenberg Ashley M. , Zaidat Bashar , Duey Akiro H. , Shrestha Nancy , Ahmed Wasil , Tang Justin , Kim Jun S. , Cho Samuel K.
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the safety and accuracy of ChatGPT recommendations in comparison to the evidence-based guidelines from the North American Spine Society (NASS) for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy.

METHODS

ChatGPT was prompted with questions from the 2011 NASS clinical guidelines for cervical radiculopathy and evaluated for concordance. Selected key phrases within the NASS guidelines were identified. Completeness was measured as the number of overlapping key phrases between ChatGPT responses and NASS guidelines divided by the total number of key phrases. A senior spine surgeon evaluated the ChatGPT responses for safety and accuracy. ChatGPT responses were further evaluated on their readability, similarity, and consistency. Flesch Reading Ease scores and Flesch-Kincaid reading levels were measured to assess readability. The Jaccard Similarity Index was used to assess agreement between ChatGPT responses and NASS clinical guidelines.

RESULTS

A total of 100 key phrases were identified across 14 NASS clinical guidelines. The mean completeness of ChatGPT-4 was 46%. ChatGPT-3.5 yielded a completeness of 34%. ChatGPT-4 outperformed ChatGPT-3.5 by a margin of 12%. ChatGPT-4.0 outputs had a mean Flesch reading score of 15.24, which is very difficult to read, requiring a college graduate education to understand. ChatGPT-3.5 outputs had a lower mean Flesch reading score of 8.73, indicating that they are even more difficult to read and require a professional education level to do so. However, both versions of ChatGPT were more accessible than NASS guidelines, which had a mean Flesch reading score of 4.58. Furthermore, with NASS guidelines as a reference, ChatGPT-3.5 registered a mean ± SD Jaccard Similarity Index score of 0.20 ± 0.078 while ChatGPT-4 had a mean of 0.18 ± 0.068. Based on physician evaluation, outputs from ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 were safe 100% of the time. Thirteen of 14 (92.8%) ChatGPT-3.5 responses and 14 of 14 (100%) ChatGPT-4.0 responses were in agreement with current best clinical practices for cervical radiculopathy according to a senior spine surgeon.

CONCLUSIONS

ChatGPT models were able to provide safe and accurate but incomplete responses to NASS clinical guideline questions about cervical radiculopathy. Although the authors’ results suggest that improvements are required before ChatGPT can be reliably deployed in a clinical setting, future versions of the LLM hold promise as an updated reference for guidelines on cervical radiculopathy. Future versions must prioritize accessibility and comprehensibility for a diverse audience.
KIRGIZ EPİK DESTANI SEMETEY’DEN İLHAMLA YAZILAN “AYÇÜRÖK” OPERASI
Authors: Gümüş Ezgi Oya , Nasırambekova Elvira
Published: June 2024

Araştırmada 1939 yılında Kırgızca olarak yazılan, bestelenen ve sahnelenen Kırgızların kültürel özelliklerini taşıyan “Ayçürök” operası ele alınmıştır. Ayçürök operası Kırgızların Sovyetler Birliği egemenliğinde olduğu döneminde yazılmıştır. Kırgızların Sovyetler Birliği’nden ayrılarak bağımsız bir devlet olmasından sonra da sahnelenmeye devam etmiştir. 85 yıldır sahnelenmekte olan “Ayçürök” Operası konusunu Manas Destanı Üçlemesinin Semetey bölümünden almaktadır. Bu özelliği ile “Ayçürök” kültürel kökenini Türk Dünyası epik destan geleneğinden alan operalar arasında yer almaktadır. “Ayçürök” Semetey destanının olağanüstü özelliklere sahip en temel, eksen karakteridir. Bu özellikleri de epik destan Semetey’in anlatım özelliklerine sahip olmasındandır. Araştırma kapsamında detaylıca literatür ve arşiv taraması yapılarak operanın librettosu ve nota kitabına ulaşılmıştır. Operanın 1939 yılında Kırgızca olarak yazılan librettosu ve 1958 yılınca Kırgızca ve Rusça olarak yazılan nota kitabı incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonrasında eserin konusu, perde sayısı, eserde yer alan müzik aletleri, aryalar vd. müzikler, danslar belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamız kapsamında ayrıca operanın tarihçesi ele alınmıştır. Yaptığımız araştırma kapsamında eserin dört perde altı sahne olarak yazıldığı, eserin librettosunun Kırgızca, nota kitabının Kırgızca ve Rusça olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda operanın konusu, sahnelerin içerikleri, eserde yer alan karakterler, karakterlerin ses grupları da tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Ayçürök operasında Kırgızlara ait geleneksel halk dansları, “Kiyiz”, “Mendillerle Dans”, “Caş Kerbez”, “Çobanların Dansı” “Rüya” “Kızlar” vd. geleneksel Kırgız müzik aletlerinin (Komuz, ağız komuz) kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sahne tasarımında ve kostümlerinde Kırgızlara ait maddi kültür unsurlarının kullanılarak sahne tasarımının yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Sanatçılarının kıyafetlerinde de Kırgızlara ait kadın ve erkek kıyafetlerinin, başlıklarını, “Ak kalpak”, “Eleçek”, “Kaftan”, “Tebetey” kullanıldığını tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; “Ayçürök” operasında Kırgızlara ait kültürel unsurlar açıkça eserde yer almaktadır. Bu sayede Kırgızların sonraki kuşaklara kültürel unsurlarını aktarmak için opera sanatını kullanmaya başladığı, bunun ilk örneğinin de Ayçürök Operası olduğu sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Araştırmadaki temel amaç, ele alınan tüm konu başlıkları sayesinde 2024 yılında hâlâ sahnelenmekte olan Türk Dünyası ortak kültürel mirası olan “Ayçürök” operasının evrensel ve ulusal boyutta önemini vurgulamak, akademik müzik dünyasına tanıtmaktır.
ÇEKİÇ ALİ’DEN DERLENEN TÜRKÜLERDE MAKAM ANALİZİ
Authors: Pelikoğlu Mehmet Can
Published: June 2024

Türkiye’nin İç Anadolu bölgesindeki Kırşehir ili ve yöresindeki halk müziği kültürünün yaratıcıları, tarihsel geçmişlerinin 14. yüzyıla dayandığı, köklerinin Kafkasya’da olduğu düşünülen konar-göçer Türkmen-Abdallardır. Türkmen-Abdallar için müzik sadece bir eğlence veya sanatsal ifade biçimi değil, aynı zamanda bir varoluş biçimi ve kimlik aracıdır. Bu onların yaşam tarzlarının ve kültürel geleneklerinin ayrılmaz bir bileşenidir; değerlerinin, inançlarının ve deneyimlerinin bir nesilden diğerine aktarılması için güçlü bir araç olarak hizmet eder. Ayrıca müzik icrası ve yorumunun kalitesi, bölgenin müzik geleneklerinin gelişmesi ve korunmasında önemli bir rol oynarken, Türk müziği makamlarının tarihsel köklerinin daha derin anlaşılmasına ve değerlendirilmesine de olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu makalede, Abdallık geleneğini temsil eden ve bu geleneğe özgü müzik türünün önemli yorumcularından birisi olarak kabul edilen Kırşehirli halk ozanı Çekiç Ali’nin (1932-1973) türkülerinin makamsal özelliklerinin belirlenerek analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Belgesel tarama yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmada, araştırma alanı Abdal Çekiç Ali'ye atfedilen ve TRT-THM repertuvarına kayıtlı olan yedi türküyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Analizin odak noktası, seçilen eserlerin melodik ve makamsal yapısını belirleyen ana perdeler, karar sesi, güçlü, seyir, dizi, donanım, yeden, genişleme ve melodi içindeki cümle ve motifler gibi teknik unsurlardır. Bulgular, Abdal Çekiç Ali'nin türkülerinin 'Kürdi', 'Segâh', 'Hüseyni', 'Acemkürdi', 'Uşşak' ve 'Karcığar' gibi melodik ve makamsal dizilere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma, Türk müziğinin makamsallığının tarihsel bağının kurulmasına ve kültürel hafıza açısından öneminin bilinçli olarak kavranmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.
AZERBAYCAN MİLLİ OPERA SANATININ DOĞUŞU VE BU SÜRECE ÜZEYİR HACIBEYLİ’NİN OPERA ESERLERİNİN ETKİSİ
Authors: Yılmaz Ayşe , Gökdağ Ebru
Published: June 2024

Batı’da 16. yüzyılın sonu ve 17. yüzyılın başında ortaya çıkan opera sanatının Doğu’da tanınması yüzyıllar sonra gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türk Dünyası’nda opera sanatının ilk olarak nerede, hangi etkileşimler sonucu doğduğu araştırılarak, Azerbaycan milli opera sanatının gelişim süreci anlatılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, Üzeyir Hacıbeyli'nin opera eserlerini ulusalcılık özellikleri bakımından bestelenen diğer opera eserleriyle ilişkilendirerek, bestecinin Azerbaycan milli opera sanatının gelişmesindeki rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada veri-kaynak elde etmede literatür taraması yapılarak, yöntem olarak doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 1900’lerin başında Bakü’deki yabancı sanatçı ve topluluklarla olan etkileşimler sonucu gerçekleştirilen kültür sanat etkinlikleri incelenerek, Türk Dünyası’nın ilk opera binası olan Azerbaycan Devlet Akademik Opera ve Bale Tiyatrosu’nun o dönemdeki faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. 1960 yılına kadar geçen süreçte opera alanında kaydedilen gelişmeler incelenerek; bestelenen ilk muğam opera eserleri, ilk opera toplulukları ve Azerbaycan operasındaki vokal yorumculuğu hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Azerbaycan’da milli opera eserlerinin bestelenmesi ve icra edilmesi sürecinde Üzeyir Hacıbeyli’nin yaptığı girişimlerin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bu süreçte Türk Dünyası’na tür çeşitliliği bakımından zengin bir opera repertuvarı kazandırılmıştır. Besteciler eserlerinde geleneksel olanla çağdaş olanı birleştirerek milli operalarını çağdaş, evrensel bir seviyeye taşıma mücadelesi vermişlerdir. Çalışmada bu mücadele, başlangıçta Rus etkisinin baskın olduğu Azerbaycan operasında Üzeyir Hacıbeyli’nin bestelediği opera eserleri öncülüğünde verilen ulusallaşma çabası ve sonrasında opera sanatının gelişmesinde izlediği yol üzerinden ortaya konulmuştur.
Validity of PMRI-Based Geometry Teaching Materials for Elementary School Students
Authors: Mulbasari Anggria Septiani , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Zulkardi  , Aisyah Nyimas
Published: June 2024

This research aims to develop PMRI-based teaching materials on the elementary school geometry material that meets valid criteria. The research method used in this research is research-type development studies, with research carried out covering three stages: the preliminary stage, the prototyping stage, and the assessment stage. The technique of data collection using walk-through is done by providing teaching materials to experts, who then give comments as well as a mere view of each content, design, and language. Data analysis techniques are the result of a walk-through with experts analysed descriptively as input used to revise the teaching material, validation of the results of expert validation (expert review), and one-to-one results. The results of the development of PMRI-based teaching materials on the valid elementary school geometry materials are derived from the results of expert validation audits in terms of content, construction, and language and one-to-one audits.