bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOPERASI SYARIAH & UMKM
Authors: Zahra Sufiani
Published: March 2022

Di Indonesia, bukan hanya mengenal perbankan syariah, tapi ada juga koperasi syariah. Koperasi syariah merupakan aktivitas usaha yang bergerak pada bidang simpanan, pembiayaan, dan investasi berdasarkan penerapan sistem bagi hasil (syariah). Untuk memperdalam pemahaman soal koperasi syariah, berikut penjelasan soal terkait tujuan, fungsi, dan perbedaannya dengan koperasi konvensional. Di dalam sistem perekonomian Indonesia dikenal ada tiga pilar yang menyangga perekonomian. Ketiga pilar itu adalah Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS), termasuk UMKM, dan koperasi. Koperasi salah satu bagian dari pilar yang menyangga perekonomian Indonesia, berarti dalam kegiatannya koperasi ikut mengambil bagian untuk tercapainya kehidupan ekonomi yang sejahtera, baik bagi orang yang menjadi anggota perkumpulan itu khususnya maupun bagi masyarakat disekitar umumnya. Koperasi adalah tempat bagi orang-orang yang memiliki penghasilan rendah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka dan berusaha untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka Pada tahun 1967, dibuat Undang - Undang No. 12 Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-Pokok Perkoperasian. Namun Undang-undang ini diubah dan diganti dengan Undang-undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 tentang Perkoperasian. Undang-undang ini mengatur perkoperasian sampai sekarang. Koperasi mempunyai peranan yang cukup besar dalam pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesi, adapun peran yang dimiliki koperasi Syariah yaitu (1) Koperasi syariah berperan dalam keadilan masyarakat, (2) Koperasi syariah memiliki peran dalam kegiatan pendidikan, (3) Koperasi syariah memiliki peran dalam kesejahteraan dan perekonomian suatu negara.
APEC, WTO và triển vọng đổi thay
Authors: Vũ Đặng Lê Nguyên , Hoàng Vương Quân
Published: March 2022

Sẽ có nhiều góc nhìn về định hình chiến lược thời kỳ sau khi Việt Nam vào WTO. Bài viết dưới đây của ông Đặng Lê Nguyên Vũ (Chủ tịch tập đoàn Trung Nguyên, G7 Mart) và ông Vương Quân Hoàng (Nghiên cứu viên cao cấp, Trung tâm Emile Bernheim, Đại học Tổng hợp Brussels) là một ví dụ, mặc dù có thể có nhiều người không đồng tình lắm về xu hướng nhấn mạnh thương mại hơn sản xuất. (Thời báo Kinh tế Sài Gòn; ngày 17-11-2006)
Nested-Sigma Conjecture
Authors: Nam Kyumin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we provide the Nested-Sigma Conjecture.
The development of the eastern Orpheus rift basin, offshore eastern Canada: A case study of the interplay between rift-related faulting and salt deposition and flow
Authors: Hanafi Bari , Withjack Martha , Durcanin Michael , Schlische Roy
Published: March 2022

The salt-rich Orpheus rift basin, part of the eastern North American (ENAM) rift system, formed during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic prior to opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Using a dense grid of 2D seismic-reflection lines, data from nearby wells, and information from adjacent ENAM rift basins, we have established a tectonostratigraphic framework, identified key structural elements, and reconstructed the deformation history for the eastern part of the basin. Our work shows that a series of E-striking, S-dipping faults with normal separation bound the basin on the north. Deformation within the basin is complex with forced folds above deep-seated intrabasin faults, detachment folds, detached thrust faults, and salt diapirs. The synrift evaporite sequence consists of an older massive salt unit that underlies a younger unit with two distinct interfingering facies. Facies A, consisting of salt and interbedded sedimentary rocks (likely shales), developed near the border-fault system and its relay ramps. Facies B, consisting of massive salt with few interbedded sedimentary rocks, developed toward the basin center. The youngest synrift unit accumulated exclusively within minibasins near the northern border-fault system. Based on location, this youngest synrift unit likely consists of coarse-grained and poorly sorted alluvial-fan or talus-slope deposits shed from the footwall. All synrift units are intruded by igneous sheets likely associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and, thus, are mostly Late Triassic in age (or possibly older). The border-fault system profoundly affected deposition within the eastern Orpheus rift basin by providing pathways for clastic sediment input into the salt-rich basin. These depositional patterns subsequently influenced deformation associated with lateral salt flow during minibasin formation. In regions with interbedded salt, detachment folds and thrust faults developed, whereas salt walls and stocks developed in regions with more massive salt.
Coping During Covid 19 Facilitator Manual
Authors: Gaynor Keith
Published: March 2022

This manual has been created to assist mental health professionals in delivering and facilitating the two hour evidence-based online CBT program “Coping during COVID-19”. It overviews the eight module course, designed to support those who are struggling with symptoms of anxiety and depression due theCOVID-19 crisis.
Improving the Computational Reproducibility of Clinical Science: Tools for Open Data and Code
Authors: Eberle Jeremy William
Published: March 2022

Open data and analysis code promote computational reproducibility, or reproducing the results of an analysis when applying the same code to the same data (Nosek & Errington, 2020). Yet, in a random sample of articles published in “best practice” clinical psychology journals in 2017, only 2% reported data available for sharing (Nutu et al., 2019). Further, only a fraction of results from open datasets in psychology are reproducible (Hardwicke et al., 2021). Given that many researchers lack training in computational reproducibility (Obels et al., 2020), the present article presents five tools for openly sharing data and analysis code in clinical science, with a focus on R code (R Core Team, 2021). Companion code is available at https://doi.org/jfck.
The DBST index - Discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time: A pilot study for the possible new sleep index predicting severity of insomnia
Authors: Chung Seockhoon
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesWe considered the concept of the discrepancy between a patient's desired time in bed (TIB) and total sleep time (TST), which we termed the DBST. DBST can be used to easily assess a patient’s thoughts on their desired TST and dysfunctionally long TIB. This study aimed to explore whether the DBST can predict the severity of insomnia or dysfunctional beliefs regarding sleep among the general population.MethodsA total of 374 members of the general population participated in this e-survey study. The participants answered questions regarding their bedtime, sleep onset time, wake-up time, desired TST, and desired TIB, and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patients Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-16 items (DBAS-16), and Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES).ResultsThe DBST was significantly correlated with the ISI (r = 0.19, p < 0.01), PHQ-9 (r = 0.13, p < 0.05), GSES (r = 0.13, p < 0.05), DBAS-16 (r = 0.18, p < 0.01), wake-up time (r = -0.11, p < 0.05), desired TST (r = -0.59, p < 0.01), and desired TIB (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that the DBST could be predicted by insomnia severity (β=0.14, p = 0.035, adjusted R2=0.03, F=3.21, p = 0.004). Insomnia severity was predicted by preoccupation with sleep (β=0.64, p < 0.001), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (β=0.06, p < 0.001), depression (β=0.23, p < 0.001), and DBST (β=0.32, p = 0.035). The DBST directly influenced insomnia severity, and this association was shown to be mediated by depression, dysfunctional beliefs and attitude about sleep, and preoccupation with sleepConclusionsThe DBST could be a possible new sleep index due to its relation with insomnia severity, depression, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, or preoccupation with sleep. Further studies are needed to explore the consistency of the clinical sample.
Relating Sound and Sight in Simulated Environments
Authors: Tsang Kevin Yuk-Ting , Mannion Damien John
Published: March 2022

The auditory signals at the ear can be affected by components arriving both directly from a sound source and indirectly via environmental reverberation. Previous studies have suggested that the perceptual separation of these contributions can be aided by expectations of likely reverberant qualities. Here, we investigated whether vision can provide information about the auditory properties of physical locations that could also be used to develop such expectations. We presented participants with audiovisual stimuli derived from 10 simulated real-world locations via a head-mounted display (HMD; n=44) or a web-based (n=60) delivery method. On each trial, participants viewed a first-person perspective rendering of a location before hearing a spoken utterance that was convolved with an impulse response that was from a location that was either the same as (congruent) or different to (incongruent) the visually-depicted location. We find that audiovisual congruence was associated with an increase in the probability of participants reporting an audiovisual match of about 0.22 (95% credible interval: [0.18, 0.27]), and that participants were more likely to confuse audiovisual pairs if their locations had similar reverberation times. Overall, this study suggests that human perceivers have a capacity to form expectations of reverberation from visual information. Such expectations may be useful for the perceptual challenge of separating sound sources and reverberation from within the signal available at the ear.
A workflow for causal inference in cross-cultural psychology
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph
Published: March 2022

The causal interpretation of a statistical association requires assumptions. Where the data are cross-sectional or cross-cultural these assumptions are even stronger. Here, I leverage a rigorous potential outcomes framework from contemporary epidemiology to (1) sharpen the causal question of whether religious service attendance reduces anxiety, and (2) develop a workflow for addressing this causal question using data from the Multiple Analysts of Religion Project (MARP, N = 10, 535; 24 countries). This workflow clarifies how we may obtain a counterfactual contrast necessary to infer an average causal effect that is subject to (very) strong assumptions that causal inference requires in this setting.
(Why) Is misinformation a problem?
Authors: Osman Magda , Adams Zoe , Meder Björn , Bechlivanidis Christos
Published: March 2022

In the last decade there has been a proliferation of research on misinformation. One important aspect that receives less attention is why exactly misinformation is a problem. To adequately address this question, we must first look to its speculated cause(s) and effect(s). We examine different disciplines (computer science, economics, history, information science, journalism, law, media, politics, philosophy, psychology, sociology) that investigate misinformation. The consensus view points to advancements in information technology (e.g., internet, social media) as a main cause of the proliferation and increasing impact of misinformation, with a variety of illustrations of the effects. We critically analyse both issues. As to the effects, misbehaviors are not yet reliably demonstrated empirically to be the outcome of misinformation, where correlation as causation may have a hand. As to the cause, advancements in information technologies enable, as well as reveal, multitudes of interactions that implies significant deviations from ground truths through people’s new way of knowing (intersubjectivity). This, we argue, is illusionary when understood in light of historical epistemology. Both doubts we raise are used to consider the cost to established norms of liberal democracy that come from efforts to target the problem of misinformation.
Functional Coding System for Verbal Interaction in Clinical Contexts
Authors: Alonso-Vega Jesus , Pereira Gladis L. , Froxán-Parga María Xesús
Published: March 2022

Psychological interventions have shown efficacy for the treatment of different psychological problems. Now, we need to know what processes make these results possible. The observational analysis of the verbal interaction of the therapist and the client has been used to analyze the learning processes that underlie the change in the client's behavior. However, previous coding systems have conceptual and methodological limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a functional coding system for the analysis of verbal interaction in clinical contexts. To this end, we developed and debugged a new functional description-based system. Also, we have analyzed 66 clinical sessions belonging to 23 different cases using the new coding system and the results have been compared with previous studies. The main result of this study is a system consisting of 5 functional categories with good reliability indices and methodological properties. The discriminant and cluster analysis have yielded similar results to those of previous studies. Finally, we discuss about conceptual and methodological advances of this new system, we list the main limitations, and we propose further studies in this line of research.
A Study on the Stability of Different Frusemide Liquid Dosage Formulas: Oral Solution, Syrup, Elixir, Suspension and Emulsion
Authors: J. Jawad Fatima
Published: March 2022

The present study aim at preparing frusemide in liquid form suitable for oral use. This is achieved through preparing different liquid forms of frusemide. The frusemide liquid is prepared in the following forms: oral solution, syrup and elixir with intensity of 1, 0.4 and 0.8% weight /volume respectively and in combination with potassium carbonate, polysorbate 80, alcohol and phosphate buffer solution of pH8 to dissolve the frusemide in the above mentioned forms. The different forms of the prepared medicine have been stored in glass bottles that can provide protection against light and at 40, 50, 600C for four months. Besides the pH has been checked to decide the period of validity. The results show that the expiration date of frusemide have lasted for 1.8, 1.07 and 1.22 years respectively for the oral solution, the syrup and the elixir. The suspensions of frusemide are formulated in combination with the following: polyvinyl pyrolidine, xanthan gum, the combination of (xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), the combination of (xanthan: methyl cellulose) and chitosan.  The formulas which give suitable release of the drug are chosen for assessment according to the following considerations: The rat of sedimentation and apparent zero order degradation constant at 250C. In conclusion, it is found the best formula is that which includes poly vinylpyrolidine, tween20, glycerol, sorbitol, cocoa syrup and parabens at pH7. the fluidity of this chosen formula is psendoplastic type and its validity has lasted for about three years. The emulsion of frusemide is also prepared extemporaneously by using the commercial frusemide tablets in combination with acacia and olive oil. This should be consumed within 45 days of the date of production.

Key word: frusemide, elixir, suspension, emulsion.
Effects of Abuse of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Iraqi Athletes
Authors: M. Taher Al-Muhannad , S. Al-Sabbagh May , K. Al-Khashali Dawser
Published: March 2022

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are man-made derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone, originally designed for therapeutic uses to provide higher anabolic potency with lower androgenic effects. Increasing numbers of young athletes are using these agents illicitly to enhance physical fitness, appearance, and performance despite their numerous side effects and worldwide banning.  Today, their use remains one of the main health problems in sports because of their availability and low price.  The present study focuses on investigating the adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse on sex hormones, liver and renal function tests, fasting glucose levels and lipid metabolism in Iraqi male recreational bodybuilders. We have recruited fifteen male bodybuilders (age 19-32 years) and an equal number of healthy non-obese, non-AAS-using sedentary controls. Serum hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and prolactin), liver function indices (serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP),  total and direct bilirubin), renal function parameters (serum creatinine and urea), lipid profile and serum glucose levels were measured.  Abuse of AAS was associated with significant decreases (p< 0.005) in serum levels of LH (66.9%), FSH (49.8 %) and testosterone (63.7%) together with significant increases (p< 0.05) in prolactin concentrations (49.8%) in AAS-using bodybuilders compared to sedentary controls. Anabolic androgenic steroids-using athletes had significantly higher (p< 0.05) circulating levels of total bilirubin (116.3%), direct bilirubin (127.6%), aspartate (1752.9%) and alanine (263.1 %) transaminases than those of sedentary control subjects. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two groups. Concerning renal function, AAS-using athletes had significantly higher serum concentrations of creatinine (28.6%) and urea (21.3%) than sedentary controls. Meanwhile, AAS abuse was accompanied by atherogenic lipid profile.  Anabolic androgenic steroids -using athletes had significantly higher (p< 0.05) serum levels of triglycerides (TG) (45.6%), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (26.0%) and very  low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(VLDL-C) (45.6%) together with significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)  (31.3%) than sedentary controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting glucose concentrations were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two groups. The results presented in the study confirm that abuse of AAS induces unfavorable body functions and undesirable side effects. Therefore, efforts should be sought against use of these compounds outside the therapeutic frame.

Key words: anabolic steroids, athletes, bodybuilding, exercise.
The Inhibitory Effect of Gallic Acid on Human Serum Cholinesterase
Authors: M.K. Al-Shafi Sabah , J.Al-Azzaw Mohamed , A. Ali Methal
Published: March 2022

The dried fruit peel of pomegranate in Punicaceae family was fractionated chromatographically on Sephadex-LH-20 column .Gallic acid (trihydroxybenzoic acid) and its related galloyl esters such as gallotannin(i.e. Î²-penta-O-galloylâ€“D-glucose) were obtained homogenously. Different concentrations of gallic acid and gallotannin  were used to determine their inhibitory effect on human serum cholinesterase. The enzyme activity was measured according to the method reported by the WHO .The inhibitory effect of these compounds  on the activity of human serum cholinesterase have been studied in vitro .The inhibitory effect was remarkably clear with increasing concentration of gallic acid .Whereas galloyl ester showed no inhibitory effect.  The inhibition  with gallic acid indicates  a noncompetitive pattern. Therefore, we can not recommended gallic acid and its related compounds  , as preservative substances in food industry or in pharmacological preparations since they might have some side effect on certain biological systems..

Key words: Gallic acid , gallotannin , Human Serum Cholinesterase .
Preparation of a New Dosage Form of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride as Orodispersible Tablet
Authors: H. Tizkam Hussam , A. Abdul Rassol Alaa , A. Hussain Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Metoclopramide HCl (MTB) is a potent antiemetic drug used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Many trials were made to prepare a satisfactory MTB orodispersible tablet using direct compression method.Various super disintegrants were used in this study which are croscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and crospovidone (CP). The latter was the best in terms of showing the fastest disintegration time in the mouth.Among the different diluents utilized, it was found that a combination of microcrystalline cellulose PH101 (MCC 101), mannitol, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DPD) and Glycine was the best in preparing MTB orodispersible tablet with fastest disintegration time in the mouth.The physical parameters of the prepared MTB orodispersible tablet were satisfactory as hardness (4 Kg), friability (0.5%) and mouth disintegration (23 sec).The overall results suggest that the prepared formula of MTB as orodispersible tablet could be utilized as a new dosage form for the oral administration.

Key words: Orodispersible, metoclopramide, super disintegrant
The Role of Chloroquine Phosphate on Acute Phase Reactant Proteins in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: S. Saleh Eman , M.Turki Kismet , H.Al-Osami Mohammed
Published: March 2022

The acute phase response is a major pathophysiologic phenomenon that accompanies inflammation whether acute or chronic. Complement (C3 and C4) and C - reactive protein (CRP) are positive acute phase proteins (+ ve APPs ). Their production takes place in hepatocyte and the blood concentration of these parameters are increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Chloroquine (CQ) is a diprotic weak base traditionally used to treat malaria. Recently the phosphate salt of CQ is used to decrease this type of (+ve APPs) . In this study,  patients who suffered from knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are treated with oral dosage form of chloroquine phosphate (CQP) for one month, twice daily. Our results demonstrate that CQP improves the patient status by decreasing complement and C-reactive  protein in blood.

Key words: Chloroquine , knee osteoarthritis , acute phase proteins , complement , C-reactive protein.
A new method for restoring worn surfaces of steel parts of pumping equipment, nuclear power plants
Authors: Tarelnyk N. V.
Published: March 2022

The paper proposes a new method of restoring worn surfaces of steel parts of pumping equipment used at nuclear power plants and subjected to radiation irradiation. The method belongs to the field of electrophysical and electrochemical treatment, in particular to electrospark alloying (ESA), and is applicable to repair parts of machines of nuclear power plants. The EBS method has a number of specific features: the anode material (alloyed material) can form a coating layer on the cathode surface (alloyed surface) that is extremely strongly bonded to the surface; the alloying can be performed in strictly specified places without protecting the rest of the part surface; the ESA technology for metal surfaces is very simple, and the necessary equipment is compact and transportable. The method includes coating of the worn surface of the part by electroplating with the same metal electrode - an instrument made of material (steel 12X18H10T or nickel) without special additives of cobalt and other elements that form long-lived isotopes in the active working environment. The electrodeposition is carried out in two stages. Before the first stage of coating with metallic electrode-tool a layer of coating with graphite electrode-tool with discharge energy Wp = 0.02 J and capacity 0.3 cm2/min is applied to the worn-out steel surface by ESA method, Then the first stage of coating layer application by ESA method by the metal electrode/tool at discharge energy 0.20-0.55 J and productivity 1.6-2.5 cm2/min ensuring surface thickness 0.09-0.16 mm and its continuity 100% , after that the surface obtained is subjected to the second stage of coating layer application by ESA method by the same metal electrode/tool with discharge energy 0.55-0.90 J and productivity 2.5-3.4 cm2/min.
The trend of application of service robots for inspection, planned maintenance and removal of disruptionsin piping systems
Authors: Karabegovic Isak , Дашич Predrag
Published: March 2022

The world is currently at the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution – Industry 4.0, whose ultimate goal is to make everything intelligent, both production processes in the industry and system maintenance. The environment around us has plenty of piping systems such as: water, gas, oil, sewage, etc., which need to be continuously maintained. In other words, they require periodic inspections to identify errors such as corrosion, cracks, deformations, or obstruction with obstacles. Service robots for inspection and maintenance are very convenient for the inspection of piping systems. In addition, they are a point of interest to many researchers in the field, so there are countless developed service robots that are currently in use. Service robots for inspection of piping system are used for inspection and provide visual information from inside the corresponding pipe. When the service robot moves through the pipe, it records the inside with a camera and provides us with visual information, i.e., provides a video of the inside of the pipe where we can locate the error. We can use the video later to establish the condition of the recorded piping system and make the right decision what to do. The paper presents the trend of application of service robots for inspection. A number of constructions of these service robots that are already in implementation are shown. Service robots effectively reduce all problems related to the maintenance, cleaning and inspection of piping systems. The growing trend of service robots application is due to the implementation of basic technologies of Industry 4.0 because its aim is to receive the information about the operation of a system all along. Various robotic systems have been developed for inspection and examination of piping systems and plants that are dangerous to workers' health. Service robots are controlled by camera, sensor or simple tools. Most service robots for inspection are intended for tanks, piping systems for all materials for inspection of ventilation openings and pipes of air systems, sewer systems, nuclear plants, or work in aggressive environments. It is expected that the development and application of service robots for inspection will continue to grow in the nearest future. Service robots effectively reduce all problems related to the maintenance, cleaning and inspection of piping systems.
METHODICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING MECHANISM OF PIPELINE STEEL AT CATHODIC PROTECTION BY LINEAR SWEEP VOLTAMETRY
Authors: Nyrkova L. I. , Osadchuk S. O. , Lisovyi P. E. , Prokopchuk S. M.
Published: March 2022

A methodological approach to the rapid assessment by linear sweep voltammetry method stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism of pipeline steels of various grades under cathodic protection has been developed. The proposed approach serves as the basis for the electrochemical study of the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steel at various protective potentials for laboratory conditions. The ratio of polarization currents at fast () and slow () scanning potential rate was determined, its analysis was carried out depending on the polarization potential for steels of various grades. It was established that polarization potentials at which the difference between corrosion rate of the crack’s tip and the other surface is the maximum (maximum value of ) and the rapid development of stress corrosion cracks begin, which is differ for steels of various grades and equal near -0.75 V for X70 steel, -0.85 V for 09G2S steel and -0.8 V for 17G1S steel. The boundaries of the polarization potentials are established, beyond which the SCC mechanism of the investigated steels in the model soil environment NS4 changes, namely: from -0.75 V to -1.05 V for X70; -0.85 V to -1.0 V for 09G2S; from -0.8 V to -0.98 V for 17G1S. This indicates the possibility of SCC development with different rates and patterns, all other things being equal. The results of the work can be useful both for a theoretical understanding of the SCC mechanism and for an express assessment of the SCC mechanism in a soil environment and, in particular, in underfilm electrolyte under a disbanded coating.
The Dynamic Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth: Role of Governance and Macroeconomic Stability
Authors: Faizullah Zenab , Malik Zilakat Khan
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effects of decentralization on output growth in the case of South Asian countries over the period of 1996 to 2018. Further, the study investigates the existence of complementarities between fiscal decentralization with the quality of institutions and macroeconomic stability is affecting economic growth. In order to obtain some flawless results, the study uses a more state-of-the-art technique. The results of Westerlund's co integration test confirm the existence of a long run equilibrium between economic growth and its determinants such as decentralization, human capital,investment, budget deficit, trade openness, governance, and macroeconomic stability. The results of the CS-ARDL method confirm that fiscal decentralization is positively linked with growth, as suggested by the theory. The results further show that the decentralization - growth nexus is strengthened with the improvement in governance and macroeconomic stability. Hence,it is not only fiscal decentralization but its interaction with other factors that enhance output growth.
Urdu Postposition Phrases
Authors: Khurshid Muhammad Athar , Azad Hina , Ahmed Samreen Riaz
Published: March 2022

Urdu post positions need to be clearly defined because long as an accurate concept of Post position Phrases is chalked out, the concepts of Noun and Verb Phrase will also remain incomplete. The available literature describes them either semantically (traditional approach), or in Lexico-Functional-Grammar. Neither approach differentiates between their roles as case markers and post positions. Nor is their basic structure described. The researcher has tried to minimize the confusion between their mixed roles of case markers, grammatical functions, and post position.Disagreeing with the existing theory of Urdu PPs, the researcher has defined and classified them in the framework of generative grammar. This paper elaborates the internal structure of Urdu PPs, their maximal and intermediate projections, and their distribution in the clause structure. In addition to that, their overt and covert roles have also been pointed out here.
Iran's Strategic Outlook: Geo-Political Implications for the Region
Authors: Munawar Shahzad , Afzal Shehzada
Published: March 2022

A state's strategic outlook not only incorporates the challenges and opportunities for achieving its national interest but also identifies and utilizes certain strategic drivers that shape its policies that, in turn, formulate and feed into its strategic outlook. Ideology, historical experience,geography, and culture are some of the factors that can play a role in a country's strategic outlook. The study focuses upon Iran, which holds immense importance in the political and strategic realm of international politics. It has a central position in Middle Eastern politics. Whereas in the West, especially in the USA, is often described as an irrational, theocratic, and fundamentalist state that sponsors terrorism as an instrument of policy, yet a closer look at Iran's strategic thinking points to the fact that it is often not the case. The Iranian revolution, ideological rivalry with Saudi Arabia, proxy wars in war-torn region, distrust of the US are the factors Iranian strategic outlooks depends upon.
Automating the Process of Generalization
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: March 2022

As various scholars have noted, the behavior of potentially any system can be represented in terms of network graphs called state spaces. Assuming that machine learning solutions can be represented as the automation of cognitive processes, it is noteworthy that in the case of the cognitive system it has been hypothesized that all thoughts (concepts and the reasoning that connect them) can be represented in terms of one proposed state space. In the case of the physical world up to and including the entire physical universe it is hypothesized that systems can be represented in terms of another proposed state space. Biological and other systems have also been hypothesized to be representable this way. Through simple, easily verifiable geometrical arguments, this paper explores how general problem-solving ability relates to the volume of this cognitive state space an intelligent system is able to navigate, or the volume it can navigate in the state space of any system the intelligent system might be targeted at solving problems about. Through those same simple geometrical arguments in state space this article explores why modeling problems in state space, in addition to increasing the ability to generalize until it spans the entire state space, is predicted to lead to an exponential increase in general problem-solving ability for intelligent systems, and this paper explores the patterns through which this increase in ability to generalize have been automated so that they can be more broadly replicated to increase narrow problem-solving ability in a sufficient range of areas for an exponential increase in general problem-solving ability to be achieved.
Selecting Between Semantic Modeling of Intelligence and Semantic Modeling of Systems
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: March 2022

The newly emerging science of Human-Centric Functional Modeling or HCFM models systems in terms of “functional state spaces” that are hypothesized to have the capacity to provide a complete representation of the behavior of any system modeled this way. When used for modeling human cognition, AI, or any other intelligent system, these functional state spaces potentially provide a complete representation of the meaning of any concepts as the functional states of cognition, as well as a complete representation of the meaning of reasoning processes used by such systems to navigate between concepts, thereby providing what is believed to be the first complete semantic model of information. When used for modeling other systems, these functional state spaces potentially provide a complete representation of the functional states those systems might occupy as well as the processes through which the systems might transition between those functional states. In addition, HCFM provides a functional definition for general problem-solving ability as well as the magnitude of that ability, and introduces the possibility of artificial systems which might exponentially increase that ability when information about the system is defined in terms of functional state spaces. This introduces two possibilities, the first is to represent information in terms of the functional state space of cognition and to increase capacity to solve problems regarding a second system where that information might or might not represent valid behaviors of that second system, or to represent information directly in terms of the functional state space of the second system, so all information represents valid behaviors of that system. This paper explores the implications of both.
Elevating Science to Detect Unsolvable Problems
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: March 2022

This article explores the systematic causes for problems in science to be effectively unsolvable. These causes are classed as problems of cognition, and problems of awareness, since, problems can’t be defined or solved through conscious effort unless there is an awareness of the need for a problem to be defined, and/or awareness of the need for a solution. For this reason problems might be unsolvable not only because they are too complex to be solved through type 1 or type 2 cognitive reasoning, but also because of lack of awareness they exist. This article explores both systemic sources of lack of awareness and new techniques which might address that lack, as well as exploring the emerging science of General Collective Intelligence which promises to significantly increase capacity to address lack of collective cognitive ability.
Mawazo Institute 2021 COVID-19 Follow-Up Survey Report
Authors: Institute The Mawazo
Published: March 2022

This report draws on a survey conducted in 2021 by the Mawazo Institute, a nonprofit research institute based in Nairobi, Kenya. The survey aimed to determine the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Africa's higher education and research sector in the year after lockdowns and restrictions first began, and thus to provide a more comprehensive follow up to an earlier Mawazo Institute survey conducted in 2020. Full findings, along with an interactive map displaying regional differences in key results, are available at https://mawazoinstitute.org/publications.
Using General Collective Intelligence to Optimize the Process of Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: March 2022

In the study of logic, state spaces have been used to define semantic representations of theories for the purpose of abstract problem-solving. This paper explores the use of a variety of state space (a functional state space) defined through the emerging technique of Human-Centric Functional Modeling, in a thought experiment to model all information required in the process of problem-solving using evolutionary computing, and all the information required to index evolutionary computing solutions and the problems they are meant to solve, so those problems and solutions can be uniquely identified and compared, in order to move towards automation of the process of evolving such evolutionary computing solutions by applying such solutions to the design of the solutions themselves.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF MAKING CONTROLLED CRITICALLY SAFE DECISIONS WHEN VIEWING POINT CLOUDS “WEB POINT CLOUD VIEWER”
Authors: Trostynskyi Nazar , PASICHNYK OLEKSANDR , SKRYPNYK TETIANA , MANZIUK EDUARD ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: March 2022

The developed software product performs the following functions: work with cloud storage, work with camera, work with stage, work with model measurement, work with models and work with point clouds. The application of such a system is designed to automate and improve the end user’s work with point clouds, namely their storage in the Autodesk cloud storage, display and manipulation. Interaction with such a system does not require high system requirements of hardware and software. From the obtained results it is possible to draw a constructive conclusion that the functional direction of the complex algorithmic model fully meets the requirements of the task.
MODELING OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE LEATHER COATING
Authors:   Kyiv National University Of Trade And Economics, BONDARYEVA Аnna , KASYAN Eduard ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, MOKROUSOVA Оlena ,   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to modeling the quality of leather coatings by optimizing the composition of the coating composition based on polymer film formers of different chemical nature and pigment material. Finishing coating affects the quality of the leather coating and regulates the physico-chemical, physico-mechanical and hygienic parameters of the leather semi-finished product. The quality of the leather coating is assessed by a lot of indicators. Quantitative indicators of physicochemical, physico-mechanical and hygienic properties characterize the behavior of the coating during operation. The aim of the work is to model the quality indicators of the leather coating by optimizing the composition of the coating composition obtained using pigment materials based on colored modified dispersions of montmorillonite and polymer film formers of different chemical nature. The influence of components of covering compositions on physical-mechanical and operational indicators of a covering is investigated in the work. Mathematical models were obtained using D-optimal simplex lattice plans of the experiment. Using mathematical models, the influence of individual components of the coating composition and their ratio on the quality of the leather coating is described. By multicriteria optimization of the generalized desirability function and the method of fair compromise, the optimal (rational) ratios of the components of the coating composition are obtained, which give the leather finishing coating the necessary quality indicators. The obtained experimental indicators of the properties of the leather coating are completely correlated with the indicators calculated by modeling. This confirms the reliability of the simulation results and indicate the high quality of the studied coating on the leather.
TO CALCULATE THE LOADING OF KNITTING NEEDLES OF AUTOMATIC HALF-HOSE MACHINES
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, BEREZIN Leonid
Published: March 2022

An important link in the analysis of the longevity of details by the criterion of fatigue strength is the calculation of parameters that take into account the peculiarities of the technological regime in terms of load and the corresponding number of cycles that affect the accumulation of fatigue failure. The final range of loads of knitting needles of automatic half-hose machine was based on the systematization of amplitudes of forces depending on the frequency of their implementation. Previous works has assumed the assumption of a one interaction of the needle heel with the cams, which is experimentally refuted by the example of modern high-speed automatic half-hose machine. The aim of the work is to adjust the provisions of calculating the load of knitting needles of half-hose machines for design estimate of longevity, taking into account the specific features of the impacts of needles with the cams of the knitting system, which affect the total number of load cycles. The condition of rupture of the contact in the pair of the needle heel and the inclined cam after their impact is considered, taking into account the inertial and rigid parameters of the system, including the resisting force of the needle in the groove of the cylinder. According to the results of the dynamic analysis, the expressions of the minimum speed at which the needle can rebound from the cam and the vertical component of the needle rebound speed at the moment of its separation from the cam are obtained. The analysis of the influence of the force of resistance of the needle movement in the race on the vertical speed of the needle is performed. The issue of the bounce of the heels of unselected needles from the lower edge of the inclined cam due to their inertial run-out was studied separately. It is established that at certain circular speeds of the needle cylinder leads to additional impacts of the needles with the horizontal limiting cams and increases their destruction. The results of studies of the possible rebound of the needle heel from the inclined cam and the interaction of the needle with the limiting horizontal cams are a supplement to the method of calculating the loading of needles and are aimed at improving the accuracy of design longevity of needles.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS THE PARAMETERS OF THE LOADING OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
Authors: OLIJNYK ANDRIJ , MIRZOIEVA ОLEKSANDRA , BELEI OKSANA ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: March 2022

Hydraulic structures are designed not only for the use of water resources, but also for the fight against water elements. They must have a significant margin of safety, resistance to cyclic loads during floods, flood waters for long periods of time, since their destruction can lead to significant damage to the environment, the national economy, economic damage and even human casualties. The impact of the harmful effects of flood waters is observed in 27 percent of the country’s territory (165 thousand sq. Km.), where almost a third of the population lives. The population of the mountainous and foothill regions of the Carpathians suffers the most from floods, where the area of ​​half of the reclaimed slopes is affected by landslide processes. There is practically no territory of the state where the negative impact of floods is not felt from time to time (a significant increase in the water content of the river within the annual cycle, occurs irregularly; forms during heavy rains or during a thaw). The longer the flood waters last, the longer the dam or dam is subject to destruction. The constant pressure exerted on hydraulic structures by water can lead to water leakage through dams and underground currents, leads to leaching and subsidence of the bottom of a hydraulic dam or dam, and this threatens its stability. The consequence of such softening can be a breakthrough of the dam, which entails negative consequences. The increase in the frequency and intensity of destructive floods and floods on mountain rivers prompts an analysis of the state of hydraulic structures. Therefore, it is proposed to develop an information system for analyzing the parameters of the loading of hydraulic structures (dams and dams), which will make it possible to formulate recommendations for the design of new ones and prevent the destruction of existing ones. The development of the information system was carried out in the Borland C ++ Builder software environment with the support of groundwater filtration and dynamic loads.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LIGNINE AS A NATURAL BIOCIDE FOR TEXTILE PROTECTION
Authors:   Kherson State University, POPOVYCH T. , MISHCHENKO A. ,   Kherson National Technical University, BESCHASNYI S. ,   Kherson State University
Published: March 2022

The functionalization of antibacterial drugs is one of the important areas of research in the textile industry. It uses traditional antimicrobial agents of synthetic or natural origin, and generates new biopolymers with useful properties. Some of them, such as lignin and pectin, have good biocompatibility, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but the domestic market uses them mainly in the construction and food industries, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of sodium lignosulfonate, apple pectin and their mixture against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococus aureus) and gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was studied. Experimental results have shown that lignin exhibits slightly higher antibacterial activity compared to pectin and is more effective against Staphylococcus aureus in terms of minimal bactericidal and minimal inhibitory concentrations. Determination of cytotoxicity of sodium lignosulfonate by MTT showed the non-toxicity of this biocide for human cells. It was found that the antimicrobial behavior of lignosulfonates, pectins and their mixtures differs in relation to gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria. It appeared that the most vulnerable to bactericides are gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus due to the possible absence of double-membrane wall cells. In addition, the simultaneous use of lignin and pectin as a synergistic mixture showed an increase in antibacterial action against all microorganisms by 2-4 times. The antimicrobial effect of the studied biocides was compared to the traditional antimicrobial drug argent nitrate, which is widely used in various industries, including textile production. It was found that lignin and pectin in amounts of 1-5 мг/см3 have the same antimicrobial effect for gram-positive strains and 10-20 мг/cм3 – for gram-negative bacteria, as a solution of AgNO3 with a concentration of 0.2 мг/см3. Higher concentrations of lignin and pectin can be offset by significantly lower prices compared to argentum salts, as well as greater environmental and medical safety for human health. In addition, lignin is potentially available in large quantities as a by-product from the pulp industry and lignocellulosic bioprocessing plants. This piece of work may be useful in future when creating antimicrobial compositions for textiles.