bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection and Evaluation of Media for Behavioral Health Interventions Employing Critical Media Analysis
Authors: Wilson Patrick A. , Cherenack Emily M. , Jadwin-Cakmak Laura , Harper Gary W. ,   The Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
Published: June 2017

Although a growing number of psychosocial health promotion interventions use the critical analysis of media to facilitate behavior change, no specific guidelines exist to assist researchers and practitioners in the selection and evaluation of culturally relevant media stimuli for intervention development. Mobilizing Our Voices for Empowerment is a critical consciousness-based health enhancement intervention for HIV-positive Black young gay/bisexual men that employs the critical analysis of popular media. In the process of developing and testing this intervention, feedback on media stimuli was collected from youth advisory board members (n = 8), focus group participants (n = 19), intervention participants (n = 40), and intervention facilitators (n = 6). A thematic analysis of qualitative data resulted in the identification of four key attributes of media stimuli and participants’ responses to media stimuli that are important to consider when selecting and evaluating media stimuli for use in behavioral health interventions employing the critical analysis of media: comprehension, relevance, emotionality, and action. These four attributes are defined and presented as a framework for evaluating media, and adaptable tools are provided based on this framework to guide researchers and practitioners in the selection and evaluation of media for similar interventions.
Mastery Goal Orientation and Performance Affect the Development of Leader Efficacy During Leader Development
Authors: Johnson Stefanie K. , Putter Stefanie , Reichard Rebecca J. , Hoffmeister Krista , Cigularov Konstantin P. , Gibbons Alyssa M. , Chen Peter Y. , Rosecrance John C.
Published: June 2017

Leader efficacy is a key outcome of leader development, but little is known about if and when developmental leader experiences, such as engaging in training, relate to gains in leader efficacy. We present a theoretical model of the effects of mastery goal orientation and performance during development as determinants of leader efficacy. We argue that a mastery goal orientation, whether dispositional (Studies 1, 2) or situationally induced (Study 2), can increase performance and mitigate the deleterious effects of poor performance, resulting in higher leader efficacy. Two field studies of individuals taking leader development courses largely supported these predictions. Study 1 showed that individuals with a high dispositional mastery goal orientation (dMGO) added effort over time, performed better, and had higher leader efficacy than low dMGO individuals. The benefits of dMGO increased over the 4-week leader development course. Study 2 showed that a mastery goal intervention reduced the effects of low dMGO on leader efficacy.
Fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer: evidence to date and place in therapy
Authors: Boér Katalin
Published: June 2017

Breast cancer is a classical hormone-dependent tumour; therefore, endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Until recently, classical endocrine agents such as tamoxifen, steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant have been widely used in postmenopausal patients to treat locally advanced or metastatic disease. However, for patients with this subtype of breast cancer, the landscape of endocrine therapy is rapidly changing. Therapies targeting oestrogen modulation have evolved in recent years following the introduction of targeted agents, mTOR and CDK 4/6 inhibitors that are administered in combination with hormone therapy. As a result, options for endocrine therapy have expanded in recent years, and a variety of single-agent or combinations of targeted drugs and endocrine therapies are accepted. Fulvestrant is a selective oestrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) which was introduced to clinical practice in 2002, initially with the indication to treat postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer as second-line therapy postdisease progression after aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen. Additionally, fulvestrant has also been shown to be active in patients previously untreated with endocrine therapy, either both in the neoadjuvant and the metastatic setting, alone or in combination with other targeted therapies. Currently, the standard dose is 500 mg, which is administered with a loading dose. Fulvestrant received a new FDA indication in December 2016, in combination with palbociclib, both in pre/peri/postmenopausal women with breast cancer progressing after endocrine therapy.

This manuscript aims to give an overview of new efficacy data and the current role of fulvestrant in the systemic therapy of hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer, in the context of other available therapeutic modalities.
Improving merger and acquisition decision-making using fuzzy logic and simulation
Authors: Chui Andy BS , Ip WH
Published: June 2017

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are an internationally adopted expansion strategy, but not every case can be successfully executed nor achieved the intended post-expansion results. Most studies focus on M&A wave or post-M&A integration, yet this article focuses on pre-M&A analysis and planning. An M&A evaluation and prioritization model (MAEPM) is proposed to assist decision makers in a more objective and effective manner so that to implement and execute each M&A deal with the aim of maximizing the success rate rather than any other irrelevant reasons. Risk analysis, fuzzy critical path analysis, cost–benefit evaluation, as well as decision rule and prioritization were developed and integrated, which provide insight into M&A evaluation and serve as indicators. Eleven case studies were conducted to verify the MAEPM and the results generated from the MAEPM were compared with the actual results that confirmed the MAEPM is significant and plausible. The novel MAEPM is confirmed to be reliable that enables firms to select the most winning M&A deal(s) to be made according to the availability of resources and capital and thus enhance the success rate of M&A.
Improving Student Commitment to Healthcare-Related Design Practice by Improving the Studio Learning Experience
Authors: Tan Lindsay , Hong Miyoung , Albert Taneshia West
Published: June 2017

Objective:

This case study explores the influence of the healthcare design studio experience on students’ short-term professional goals as measured through rates of healthcare-related certification and internship/employment.

Background:

The value and relevance of interior design is evident in the healthcare design sector. However, interior design students may not perceive this value if it is not communicated through their design education. Students’ experience in the design studio plays a crucial role in determining career choices, and students may be more committed to career goals when there is clear connection between major coursework and professional practice.

Method:

The authors compared healthcare-related certification and internship/employment levels between two student cohorts in a capstone undergraduate interior design healthcare design studio course. The first cohort was led by the existing curriculum. The second cohort was led by the revised curriculum that specifically aimed at encouraging students to commit to healthcare-related design practice.

Results:

When measured at 3 months from graduation, the second cohort, led by the revised curriculum, saw a 30% increase in Evidence-based Design Accreditation and Certification exam pass rates and a 40% increase in healthcare-related internship/employment.

Conclusion:

The challenge of interior design education is to instill in emerging professionals not only professional competence but also those professional attitudes that will make them better prepared to design spaces that improve quality of life, particularly in healthcare environments. The results exceeded the project goals, and so this could be considered a promising practice for courses focused on healthcare design education.
Does A Major Earthquake Change Attitudes and Well-Being Judgments? A Natural Experiment
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro , Kohlbacher Florian , Choi Hyewon
Published: June 2017

Does a major natural disaster change life satisfaction? This study is a rare natural experiment, in which roughly half of the respondents completed the survey before and the other half completed it after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011. A series of regression discontinuity design analyses showed that those who completed the survey after the earthquake reported being less satisfied with their lives than those who happened to complete the survey before the earthquake. There were no discontinuity on demographic variables and other consumer attitudes. The main findings remained virtually unchanged when we controlled for Big Five personality traits and demographic variables. Together, the current findings suggest that the experience of a major natural disaster changes their life satisfaction at least in the short run.
Does Partners’ Negative-Direct Communication During Conflict Help Sustain Perceived Commitment and Relationship Quality Across Time?
Authors: Overall Nickola C.
Published: June 2017

The current study tested when partners’ negative-direct communication promotes perceived commitment and helps preserve relationship quality and when partners’ negative-direct communication damages perceived commitment and relationship quality. Negative-direct communication was assessed within 322 relationship conflict discussions involving one partner (the agent) wanting change in the other (the target). Perceived commitment and relationship quality were repeatedly assessed across the following year. Greater negative-direct communication by partners as agents of change predicted more positive trajectories of perceived partner commitment and relationship quality across time, whereas greater negative-direct communication by partners targeted for change predicted declines in perceived commitment and relationship quality. These longitudinal effects were magnified for people who initially perceived their partner’s commitment to be low. Thus, partners’ negative-direct communication can help sustain relationship quality when it offers a needed sign of partners’ commitment but has detrimental effects when partners’ negative-direct communication reflects low responsiveness to attempts to improve relationship problems.
Severe myelinopathy in 49,XXXXY syndrome
Authors: Buller Mark A , Pfeifer Cory M
Published: June 2017

49,XXXXY is a rare aneuploidy with neuroanatomic findings scarcely reported in the literature. Given the fact that many of its phenotypic characteristics are similar to Klinefelter patients, 49,XXXXY has been treated as a variant of Klinefelter syndrome in the past. Newer studies have shown that intellectual disabilities and cardiac sequelae are more common in 49,XXXXY making the need for more precise characterization of the disorder essential. Prior case studies have demonstrated focal (and to a lesser extent confluent) white abnormalities as well as enlarged perivascular cysts (often in clustered arrangements) in the brains of these patients, but high resolution magnetic resonance images of severe myelinopathy are infrequently documented. Presented here is an exceptional manifestation of this rare disease with substantial findings in the brain exhibiting both confluent white matter changes and diffuse perivascular cysts. Cases such as this one serve to expand the differential considerations for confluent dysmyelinating disease and improve diagnostic efficacy.
Herpes simplex encephalitis with thalamic, brainstem and cerebellar involvement
Authors: Garg Meenal , Kulkarni Shilpa , Udwadia Hegde Anaita
Published: June 2017

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a common and treatable cause of acute encephalitis in all age groups. Certain radiological features such as temporal parenchymal involvement facilitate the diagnosis. The use of herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction has expanded the clinical and imaging spectrum. We report the case of a young patient who presented with a movement disorder and predominant involvement of thalami, brainstem and cerebellum on magnetic resonance imaging, and was diagnosed with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Differentiation from Japanese encephalitis may be difficult in these patients, especially in endemic areas, and may necessitate the use of relevant investigations in all patients.
Novel region of interest interrogation technique for diffusion tensor imaging analysis in the canine brain
Authors: Li Jonathan Y , Middleton Dana M , Chen Steven , White Leonard , Ellinwood N Matthew , Dickson Patricia , Vite Charles , Bradbury Allison , Provenzale James M
Published: June 2017

Purpose

We describe a novel technique for measuring diffusion tensor imaging metrics in the canine brain. We hypothesized that a standard method for region of interest placement could be developed that is highly reproducible, with less than 10% difference in measurements between raters.

Methods

Two sets of canine brains (three seven-week-old full-brains and two 17-week-old single hemispheres) were scanned ex-vivo on a 7T small-animal magnetic resonance imaging system. Strict region of interest placement criteria were developed and then used by two raters to independently measure diffusion tensor imaging metrics within four different white-matter regions within each specimen. Average values of fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and the three eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, and λ3) within each region in each specimen overall and within each individual image slice were compared between raters by calculating the percentage difference between raters for each metric.

Results

The mean percentage difference between raters for all diffusion tensor imaging metrics when pooled by each region and specimen was 1.44% (range: 0.01–5.17%). The mean percentage difference between raters for all diffusion tensor imaging metrics when compared by individual image slice was 2.23% (range: 0.75–4.58%) per hemisphere.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the technique described is highly reproducible, even when applied to canine specimens of differing age, morphology, and image resolution. We propose this technique for future studies of diffusion tensor imaging analysis in canine brains and for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of canine brain models of human central nervous system disease.
Applying realistic medicine to intrathecal opioid utilisation in Scotland: do we have a standardised approach?
Authors: Hart Robert , Burns Gordon , Smith Susan
Published: June 2017

Intrathecal opioids (ITOs) are commonly administered as part of a multimodal anaesthetic strategy for a variety of surgical procedures. The evolution of laparoscopic surgical techniques has seen the popularity of ITOs increase as they are effective, well tolerated and lack the cardiovascular side effects associated with epidural infusions. The risk of delayed respiratory depression remains a concern; therefore, high-quality post-operative monitoring is vital. The evidence regarding the practicalities of ITO administration such as opioid dose, type, side effect prevalence and ideal post-operative care arrangements are sparse. As such, a variety of clinical opinion has been generated. In order to quantify this variation within Scotland, we devised a short telephone questionnaire regarding ITO utilisation. We contacted 16 acute surgical sites. Of these, 14 confirmed regular utilisation of ITOs. Our survey demonstrated significant variability in practice. Both diamorphine and morphine are utilised, but no centre could provide a reason to justify the choice of one over the other. The commonly administered dose range for both agents ranged between 100 and 1100 µg. Most centres employed post-operative monitoring geared towards the detection of delayed respiratory depression but this was not unanimous. Each centre had a variation on what observations nursing staff were expected to complete in the post-operative period. Itch and nausea were not encountered frequently. Two centres experienced at least one episode of delayed respiratory depression which was detected and treated with no patient harm. In the report to the Scottish Government, ‘Realistic Medicine’, by the Chief Medical Officer, the need to reduce unnecessary variation in practice and outcomes is highlighted. We believe that a national sprint audit would gather sufficient prospective data to further determine whether a correlation exists between side effect profile and ITO utilisation practice. We hope this would help form a consensus and guide a standardised approach.
Development, Validation, and Implementation of a Medical Judgment Metric
Authors: Ahmed Rami A. , McCarroll Michele L. , Schwartz Alan , Gothard M. David , Atkinson S. Scott , Hughes Patrick G. , Cepeda Brito Jose Ramon , Assad Lori , Myers Jerry G. , George Richard L.
Published: June 2017

Background: Medical decision making is a critical, yet understudied, aspect of medical education. Aims: To develop the Medical Judgment Metric (MJM), a numerical rubric to quantify good decisions in practice in simulated environments; and to obtain initial preliminary evidence of reliability and validity of the tool. Methods: The individual MJM items, domains, and sections of the MJM were built based on existing standardized frameworks. Content validity was determined by a convenient sample of eight experts. The MJM instrument was pilot tested in four medical simulations with a team of three medical raters assessing 40 participants with four levels of medical experience and skill. Results: Raters were highly consistent in their MJM scores in each scenario (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.965 to 0.987) as well as their evaluation of the expected patient outcome (Fleiss’s Kappa 0.791 to 0.906). For each simulation scenario, average rater cut-scores significantly predicted expected loss of life or stabilization (Cohen’s Kappa 0.851 to 0.880). Discussion: The MJM demonstrated preliminary evidence of reliability and validity.
Fluoro-tremolite from the Limecrest-Southdown quarry, Sparta, New Jersey, USA: crystal chemistry of a newly approved end-member of the amphibole supergroup
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Cámara Fernando , Bellatreccia Fabio , Radica Francesco , Gianfagna Antonio , Boiocchi Massimo
Published: June 2017

During systematic characterization of amphiboles that still lack a complete mineral description, fluoro-tremolite was identified in a specimen from the Limecrest-Southdown quarry, Sparta, New Jersey, USA, which was provided by the Franklin Mineral Museum. The ideal formula of fluoro-tremolite isA□BCa2CMg5TSi8O22WF2and the empirical formula derived for the holotype specimen, based on the results of electron-microprobe analysis and single-crystal structure refinement, isA(Na0.28K0.02)Σ0.30B(Ca1.99Na0.01)Σ2.00C(Mg4.70${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 28}}^{{\rm 2 +}} $Zn0.01${\rm Ti}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 01}}^{{\rm 4 +}} $)Σ5.00T(Si7.68Al0.32)Σ8.00O22W(F1.16OH0.84)Σ2.00.The unit-cell dimensions in space groupC2/marea= 9.846(2),b= 18.050(3),c= 5.2769(14) Å, β = 104.80(2)° andV= 906.7 (3) Å3andZ= 2; thea:b:cratio is 0.545:1:0.292. Fluoro-tremolite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.5987(5), β = 1.6102(5), γ = 1.6257(5), 2V(meas.) = 85(1)oand 2V(calc.) = 82o. The strongest ten reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [dvalues (in Å),I, (hkl)] are: 2.706, 100, (151); 3.126, 67, (310); 2.531, 59, ($\bar 2$02); 3.381, 57, (131); 2.940, 43, ($\bar 1$51, 221); 3.276, 37, (240); 2.337, 36, ($\bar 3$51); 2.592, 35, (061); 2.731, 34, ($\bar 3$31); 2.163, 34, (261). Both the mineral and the mineral name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2016–018); the holotype has been deposited at the Franklin Mineral Museum (32 Evans Street, Franklin, 07416 New Jersey, US), under the catalogue number 7710.

Comparison with new data on tremolite and synthetic fluoro-tremolite provides a more sound crystal-chemical model of the end-member compositions and their solid-solution.
The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone
Authors: Bowles John F. W. , Suárez Saioa , Prichard Hazel M. , Fisher Peter C.
Published: June 2017

Heavy mineral concentrates from rivers and river terraces near York, Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone have been examined for their platinum-group mineral (PGM) content. The alluvial PGM are 0.1 to 1.5 mm in size and include Cu-bearing isoferroplatinum (Pt3Fe) and disordered Pt3–xFe (x≤ 0.38), tulameenite (Pt2FeCu), hongshiite (PtCu), cooperite–vysotskite (PtS–PdS), laurite (RuS2), erlichmanite (OsS2), Os-Ir alloy, Os-Ru alloy and native copper.

Are the alluvial nuggets primary or a neoformation? Comparison of the PGM mineralogy of fresh rocks, weathered rocks and the saprolite, with the alluvial suite shows strongly contrasting features highlighted by the mineral assemblage. Cooperite in the fresh rocks is rare in the alluvium whilst Pt-Fe alloys become more abundant. Oxidized PGM are a feature only of the weathering process and disordering of the Pt-Fe alloys develops during weathering. Palladium is much less abundant in the alluvial suite than in the primary minerals whereas Cu, present as Cu-sulfides in the fresh rocks, occurs in the alluvium as a minor component of the Pt-Fe alloys and as hongshiite alteration to the Pt-Fe alloys. The size difference is striking; the primary mineralogy is micrometre-sized whereas the alluvial PGM are three orders of magnitude larger. Delicate PGM with alteration textures are seen only in the weathered rocks whilst delicate dendritic PGM are reported only from the alluvial suite. An organic coating to the alluvial PGM may be indicative of an organic or bacterial involvement. Some alluvial PGM occur in a drainage basin devoid of outcrops of PGE-bearing horizons.

Together these contrasting features of the primary and placer PGM support the proposal that the Freetown nuggets developed as a result of breakdown of the primary PGM during weathering, movement of the PGE in solution, and growth of new PGM in placers with a different mineral assemblage, mineralogy and mineral chemistry.
The crystal structure of ceruleite, CuAl4[AsO4]2(OH)8(H2O)4, from Cap Garonne, France
Authors: Mills Stuart J. , Christy Andrew G. , Favreau Georges
Published: June 2017

The crystal structure of ceruleite, CuAl4[AsO4]2(OH)8(H2O)4, has been solved to anR1of 0.0307, using the world's largest crystals from the Cap Garonne mine, France. Ceruleite crystallizes in space groupP21/n, with the unit cella= 7.2000(14),b= 11.345(2),c= 9.856(2) Å, β = 105.57(3)°,V= 775.6(3) Å3andZ= 1. Ceruleite has a unique structure that consists of Al(O,OH)6octahedra that are sharing edges to form rhombus-shaped tetramers. AsO4tetrahedra share two corners with one such rhombus and the other two corners with each of two other rhombi, linking them into a very open mesoporous framework. Cu(OH)2(H2O)2squares lie in the channels and link Al4rhombi along ||b. H2O molecules are also located in the channels.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Involvement of the glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporter GLT-1 in antidepressant-like effects of Xiao Yao san on chronically stressed mice
Authors: Ding Xiu-Fang , Li Yue-Hua , Chen Jia-Xu , Sun Long-Ji , Jiao Hai-Yan , Wang Xin-Xin , Zhou Yan
Published: June 2017

Background

Xiao Yao San (XYS) is an herbal prescription which is used in the treatment of depression for thousands of years from Song dynasty in China (960–1127 A.D.), and is the bestselling and most popular herb formula for treating major depression. This study aimed to assess the chronic antidepressant effects of XYS and fluoxetine in depressed mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and its association with  alterations in glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporters.

Methods

Mice in the control and model group were given 0.5 ml physiological saline by intragastric administration. Mice in two treatment groups were given XYS (0.25 g/kg/d) and fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg/d), respectively. The depressive-like behaviors such as forced swim test (FST), sucrose preference test (SPT) and novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test were measured after mice exposed to CUMS for 21 days. Body weight, contents of glutamate and glutamine, glutamine/glutamate ratio that is usually thought to reflect glutamate/glutamine cycle, and the protein and mRNA expressions of glutamate transporters (excitatory amino acid transporter 1–2,GLAST/EAAT1 and GLT-1/EAAT2) were measured. The immunoreactivities of GLAST and GLT-1 in the hippocampus were also investigated.

Results

After CUMS exposure, mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors, body weight loss, increased glutamate level, decreased glutamine level, elevated glutamine/glutamate ratio, decreased GLT-1 protein expression and mRNA level, and decreased average optical density (AOD) of GLT-1 in the CA1, CA3 and DG in the hippocampus. These abnormalities could be effectively reversed by XYS or fluoxetine treatment. In addition, the study also found that GLAST expression in the hippocampus could not be altered by 21-d CUMS.

Conclusion

The studies indicated that XYS may have therapeutic actions on depression-like behaviors induced by CUMS in mice possibly mediated by modulation of glutamate/glutamine cycle and glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the hippocampus.
Threshold Effects of Circulating Angiopoietin-Like 3 Levels on Plasma Lipoproteins
Authors: Fazio Sergio , Minnier Jessica , Shapiro Michael D , Tsimikas Sotirios , Tarugi Patrizia , Averna Maurizio R , Arca Marcello , Tavori Hagai
Published: June 2017

Context

Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) deficiency in plasma due to loss-of-function gene mutations results in familial combined hypobetalipoproteinemia type 2 (FHBL2) in homozygotes. However, the lipid phenotype in heterozygotes is much milder and does not appear to relate directly to ANGPTL3 levels. Furthermore, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) phenotype in carriers of ANGPTL3 mutations is unexplained.

Objective

To determine whether reduction below a critical threshold in plasma ANGPTL3 levels is a determinant of lipoprotein metabolism in FHBL2, and to determine whether proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in determining low LDL levels in this condition.

Design

We studied subjects from 19 families with ANGPTL3 mutations and subjects with familial combined hypobetalipoproteinemia type 1 (FHBL1) due to truncated apolipoprotein B (apoB) species.

Results

First, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL and LDL particle concentration correlated with plasma ANGPTL3 levels but only when the latter was <25% of normal (<60 ng/dL). Second, the very low-density lipoprotein particle concentration correlated strongly with plasma ANGPTL3 when the latter was <58% of normal. Third, both FHBL1 and FHBL2 subjects showed low levels of mature and LDL-bound PCSK9 and higher levels of its furin-cleaved form. Finally, LDL-bound PCSK9 is protected from cleavage by furin and binds to the LDL receptor more strongly than apoB-free PCSK9.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the hypolipidemic effects of ANGPTL3 mutations in FHBL2 are dependent on a threshold of plasma ANGPTL3 levels, with differential effects on various lipoprotein particles. The increased inactivation of PCSK9 by furin in FHBL1 and FHBL2 is likely to cause increased LDL clearance and suggests novel therapeutic avenues.
“My Heart is Always Scared”
Authors: Wheeler Skye
Published: June 2017

Support for victims of sexual violence is underfunded nearly everywhere, but the need for these mental health services is particularly acute in conflict and post-conflict zones. Skye Wheeler, a women’s rights researcher at Human Rights Watch, examines the uphill battle to provide care for rape survivors.
Marching as to War
Authors: Greenberg Karen J.
Published: June 2017

President Donald Trump’s Hobbesian worldview is pushing U.S. national security policies to harsher, meaner places, according to Fordham University’s Karen J. Greenberg.
Brothers in Arms
Authors: Ragozin Leonid
Published: June 2017

Why are Russian ultranationalists fighting Kremlin-backed rebels in Ukraine? Journalist Leonid Ragozin investigates the “internationalist” ultranationalists whose brand of extremism cuts across borders.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Shay Christopher
Published: June 2017

Harsh punishment, militarized policing, and extrajudicial killings do not make societies safer, writes Christopher Shay. Yet, even in countries where criminal justice remains elusive, grass-roots organizers, especially in concert with politicians and researchers, can hold governments to account.
Investing in Murder
Authors: Carasik Lauren
Published: June 2017

Lawyer Lauren Carasik argues that the World Bank’s private-lending arm, the International Finance Corporation, has stoked a bloody land dispute in Honduras by funding the oligarch-owned agribusiness behind the violence. Now, with Carasik’s help, the Honduran farmers are taking the World Bank Group to U.S. federal court.
Before Truth
Authors: Mendicino Kristina
Published: June 2017

Walter Benjamin’s distinction of truth from knowledge in his “Epistemo-Critical Prologue” marks a fundamental break with the truth claims of the empirical sciences, as well as those of any system of philosophy—phenomenological, neo-Kantian, or otherwise—that would be based on conscious cognition. Instead he renders the truth of philosophy as a question of presentation, beginning with one of the most famous propositions of his oeuvre: “It is proper to philosophical writing to stand, with every turn, before the question of presentation anew.” Many commentators have cited this passage, yet few pursue the way Benjamin situates philosophical writing before the question of presentation, thereby suggesting that this question cannot be asked. In this essay, I elaborate the epistemological and ontological consequences of the displacements Benjamin stages between presentation and writing, through an attentive reading to the idioms of his own writerly presentation.
The Commerce of Anonymity
Authors: Ricco John Paul
Published: June 2017

Centered on The Andrew Project (2010–13) by artist Shaan Syed, this article is a theoretical meditation on the politics and ethics of the name, drawing, the portrait, anonymity, and the signature, as these bear on a shared sense of loss and its impossible commemoration. I invoke the figure of the urban stranger and passerby to argue for an aesthetics and ethics of social anonymity that does not rely on or demand identification and that thereby remains open to the risk, surprise, and pleasure of shared existence. In doing so, I theorize intimacy as that which remains unnameable in the “commerce” of our everyday lives.
Performing Stillness
Authors: Campt Tina M.
Published: June 2017

What changes in our understanding of the experience of black communities in diaspora when we move beyond the binaries of stillness and motion to engage black life through the lens of stasis? This essay explores a collection of vernacular photos of a black German family in the Third Reich using the concept of stasis to unpack the social, historical, political, and visual tensions that structure these images’ depiction of their black German subjects. Viewing these images as complex depictions of stasis (defined not as the cessation of movement but as motion held in suspension and a balancing of multiple forces) offers a generative framework for theorizing the quotidian practices of refusal that constitute black fugitivity.
Significance of personality disorders in the face of drop-outs from psychiatric hospitalizations. The case of selected psychiatric units
Authors: Biała Maja , Kiejna Andrzej
Published: June 2017

Cel pracy

Według Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia nawet 50% pacjentów leczonych długoterminowo w krajach rozwiniętych nie stosuje się do zaleceń terapeutycznych. Na gruncie psychiatrii szczególnego znaczenia nabiera kwestia przerywania terapii, a ważną część tego obszaru badań stanowi problem zaburzeń w obrębie osobowości.
Celem prezentowanej pracy była empiryczna weryfikacja hipotezy o relacji między współwystępującymi zaburzeniami osobowości a przerywaniem leczenia przez pacjentów hospitalizowanych na różnych oddziałach psychiatrycznych.

Metoda

Badanie miało charakter prospektywny, kohortowy. Włączono do niego 110 pacjentów, hospitalizowanych w 3 oddziałach o różnej organizacji leczenia. Zaburzenia osobowości oceniano przy użyciu Ustrukturyzowanego Wywiadu Klinicznego do Badania Zaburzeń Osobowości z Osi II DSM-IV (SCID-II). Badanie zostało sfinansowane przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki (DEC-2011/01/N/NZ5/05364).

Wyniki

Wskaźnik odpowiedzi dla całej próby badawczej wynosił 89,1%. U 72,56% pacjentów stwierdzono w badaniu zaburzenia osobowości (najczęściej nieokreślone zaburzenia osobowości - 40,7% oraz zaburzenie borderline - 12,38%. 22,95% pacjentów przerwało leczenie w trakcie badania). W badaniu nie zaobserwowano związku między samym występowaniem zaburzeń osobowości a przerywaniem leczenia. Ujawniły się natomiast zależności na poziomie niektórych kryteriów zaburzeń osobowości borderline i osobowości pasywno-agresywnej. Związki te nabierały na sile, kiedy rozpatrywane były z perspektywy różnic w organizacji leczenia na poszczególnych oddziałach.

Wnioski

Niektóre zaburzenia w obrębie osobowości mogą mieć znaczenie dla przerywania przez pacjentów leczenia w ramach hospitalizacji psychiatrycznych. Uzyskane wyniki wymagają dalszych badań.
Elevated hydroxylactam of hemopyrrole level in urine in perpetrators of extremely violent acts diagnosed with psychosis.
Authors: Heitzman Janusz , Gosek Paweł , Lechowicz Wojciech , Wardeński Ryszard , Stępień Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Cel pracy

Hydroksylaktam hemopyrolu (HPL) jest produktem ubocznym biosyntezy porfiryn, mogącym mieć destrukcyjny wpływ na zachowanie. Pierwsze doniesienia o wpływie podwyższonego stężenia HPL na występowanie zachowań agresywnych pojawiły się w latach 60 tych XX wieku. Kolejne badania przynosiły sprzeczne wyniki i nie wyjaśniały w pełni znaczenia i możliwej roli HPL w patogenezie występowania zachowań agresywnych. W naszym badaniu postawiliśmy hipotezę, że podwyższone stężenie HPL może korelować z występowaniem zachowań szczególnie agresywnych u psychotycznych pacjentów ośrodków psychiatrii sądowej.

Metoda

Analiza stężenia HPL w próbkach moczu 36 chorujących na zaburzenia psychotyczne mężczyzn, u których występowały zachowania szczególnie agresywne. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 22 mężczyzn, dobranych pod względem wieku do grupy badanej.

Wyniki

Zaobserwowano istotne statystycznie różnice stosunku HPL/kreatynina pomiędzy grupą badaną i grupą kontrolną.

Wnioski

Zastosowano z sukcesem autorską metodę oznaczenia HPL w moczu, opracowaną dla potrzeb badania. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że w grupie pacjentów u których występowały zachowania szczególnie agresywne, skorygowany poziom HPL jest wyższy niż w grupie osób nie przejawiających zachowań szczególnie agresywnych. Omówiono możliwe przyczyny podwyższenia stężenia HPL. Dalsze badania są konieczne aby ustalić przyczyny oraz implikacje kliniczne podwyższenia stężenia HPL w tej grupie pacjentów.
Intelligent Positioning Plate Predictive Control and Concept of Diagnosis System Design
Authors: Oravec Matej , Jadlovská Anna
Published: June 2017

This paper presents design of the predictive control algorithms, which are verified using the simulation and laboratory model of the Intelligent Positionig Plate. The results of the predictive control algorithm verification are presented also in this article. The created tool called the IPPtools is based on the designed predictive control algorithms and it is shortly presented. A part of the paper is dedicated to the concept of the diagnosis system, which is designed and implemented into the 5-level Distributed Control System of the Department of the Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence. Possibility how to modify the predictive control algorithms using diagnosis system is also stated in the last section of this paper.
Why Outlet Stores Exist: Averting Cannibalization in Product Line Extensions
Authors: Ngwe Donald
Published: June 2017

Outlet stores offer attractive prices at locations far from central shopping districts. They form a large and growing component of many firms’ retailing strategies, particularly in the fashion industry. I use a structural demand model to show that consumers are segmented according to their sensitivity to travel distance and taste for product newness. I then develop a supply model to predict product development responses to changes in store locations. Through policy simulations, I discover that the firm uses outlet stores to serve lower-value consumers who self-select by traveling to outlet stores from central shopping districts. The firm sells older, less desirable merchandise through outlet stores to prevent cannibalization of regular store revenues by means of exploiting the positive correlation between consumers’ travel sensitivity and taste for new products. I find that the rate of new product introduction in regular stores would fall by 16% if outlet stores were closed down, while variable profits would decline by 23%. These results imply that the existence of outlet stores may enable firms to improve quality in their regular channels, thus counteracting brand dilution effects.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1031 .
Profil Klinis dan Laboratoris Ensefalopati Dengue pada Anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Authors: Dhevianty Afiarina , Arguni Eggi , Triono Agung
Published: June 2017

Latar belakang. Ensefalopati dengue merupakan manifestasi neurologis infeksi dengue yang paling sering. Belum banyak penelitian yang menjelaskan gambaran ensefalopati dengue pada anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran klinis dan laboratoris anak dengan ensefalopati dengue.Metode. Penelitian menggunakan metode retrospektif. Data diambil dari rekam medis anak (1-18 tahun) dengan ensefalopati dengue dengan luaran hidup maupun meninggal yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito sejak Januari 2010 hingga Desember 2016. Manifestasi yang diamati adalah perdarahan gastrointestinal, kejang, syok, hepatitis akut, gagal ginjal akut, pemanjangan prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), kadar hematokrit, leukosit, dan trombosit. Rekam medis anak dengan riwayat gangguan fungsi ginjal, hati, dan koagulasi serta rekam medis yang tidak lengkap dieksklusi. Analisis data dengan uji independent t-test atau Mann Whitney.Hasil. Terdapat 81 anak dengan ensefalopati dengue dan 25 di antaranya meninggal. Mayoritas anak menunjukkan manifestasi perdarahan gastrointestinal, syok, sepsis, hepatitis ringan, dan gagal ginjal akut. Profil laboratoris memperlihatkan peningkatan SGOT yang lebih tinggi dari SGPT, pemanjangan PT dan kadar kreatinin yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok meninggal.Kesimpulan. Kelainan ensefalopati pada infeksi dengue merupakan suatu kondisi yang serius dengan angka kematian yang tinggi (30.86%). Perdarahan gastrointestinal, syok, sepsis, hepatitis ringan, gagal ginjal akut pada mayoritas pasien. Pemanjangan PT dan kadar kreatinin lebih tinggi pada kelompok meninggal.
Ketepatan Waktu Pelayanan Skrining Hipotiroidism Kongenital di Yogyakarta
Authors: Anggraini Rini , Patria Suryono Yudha , Julia Madarina
Published: June 2017

Latar belakang. Deteksi dan pengobatan dini hipotiroid kongenital dapat mengurangi risiko terjadinya disabilitas intelektual, sehingga ketepatan waktu pelayanan merupakan kunci keberhasilan program skrining hipotiroid kongenital (SHK) pada bayi baru lahir. Tujuan. Mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program SHK pada bayi baru lahir di Yogyakarta tahun 2013-2015. Metode. Data ketepatan waktu pengambilan, pengiriman spesimen ke laboratorium dan data umpan balik hasil skrining dikumpulkan melalui catatan dan pelaporan program di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DIY dan Laboratorium Patologi Klinik FK UGM. Hasil. Persentase pengambilan spesimen yang tidak tepat waktu pada kelompok dana pemerintah (25%-32%) lebih besar daripada kelompok dana mandiri (11%-15%). Persentase pengiriman spesimen ke laboratorium yang tidak tepat waktu dari kelompok dana pemerintah (38%-45%) lebih besar daripada kelompok dana mandiri (7%-11%). Hasil tes TSH tinggi diterima oleh Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DIY/Patologi Klinik UGM ketika usia bayi sudah lebih dari 2 minggu, sedangkan hasil tes yang tidak terbaca diterima ketika usia bayi 22-59 hari. Kesimpulan. Setelah dilaksanakan hampir 10 tahun, cakupan program skrining hipotiroid kongenital di Yogyakarta baru mencapai 10% bayi baru lahir. Masih banyak terjadi ketidaktepatan waktu pelayanan. Alur jejaring kerjasama program juga kurang efisien.
Hubungan Subtipe Sel Limfosit dengan Tingkat Remisi Pascakemoterapi Fase Induksi Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut
Authors: Suryawan Nur , Idjradinata Ponpon , Reniarti Lelani
Published: June 2017

Latar belakang. Angka remisi pascakemoterapi LLA masih belum memuaskan, banyak faktor yang memengaruhi belum optimalnya luaran terapi LLA, salah satunya adalah faktor subtipe sel limfosit LLA. Tujuan. Melihat hubungan subtipe sel limfosit dengan tingkat remisi pascakemoterapi fase induksi LLA.Metode. Penelitian kohort prospektif dilakukan di RS dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dari bulan Februari-September 2016. Subyek adalah anak <14 tahun yang baru didiagnosis LLA berdasarkan hasil aspirasi sumsum tulang. Diambil sampel darah perifer untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan immunophenotyping agar dapat diketahui subtipe sel limfositnya, dilakukan kemoterapi fase induksi selama 6 minggu berdasarkan protokol terapi. Dilakukan aspirasi sumsum tulang evaluasi untuk melihat tingkat remisinya. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Fisher-exact. Hasil. Terdapat 40 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan menjalani kemoterapi fase induksi. Dari 40 subjek, 26 menyelesaikan kemoterapi fase induksi, dan dari 26 subjek yang dilakukan evaluasi aspirasi sumsum tulang, 20/26 mengalami remisi lengkap dan 6/26 tidak remisi. Terdapat 18/24 subjek sel B-LLA yang mengalami remisi lengkap dan 6/24 tidak remisi, sedangkan penderita sel T-LLA yang mengalami remisi lengkap 2/2 subjek. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara subtipe sel limfosit dengan tingkat remisi pascakemoterapi fase induksi (p=0,585). Kesimpulan. Subtipe sel limfosit tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat remisi pascakemoterapi fase induksi.
Gangguan Ginjal terkait Obesitas pada Anak
Authors: Pardede Sudung Oloan , Christine Alvina , Andriana Jumaini
Published: June 2017

Prevalensi obesitas pada anak serta komplikasinya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu komplikasi obesitas adalah kelainan ginjal yang disebut obesity-related renal injury atau gangguan ginjal terkait obesitas. Banyak faktor yang berperan dalam terjadinya obesity-related renal injury. Overweight atau obesitas berhubungan erat dengan berbagai faktor risiko penyakit ginjal kronik yaitu hiperinsulinemia, gangguan metabolisme glukosa, hipertensi, hiperlipidemia, dan sindrom metabolik. Di antara semua faktor tersebut, faktor yang paling berperan antara obesitas dan kerusakan ginjal adalah berkurangnya sensitivitas insulin. Manifestasi klinis  obesity related renal injury biasanya berupa proteinuria bermakna tanpa edema, albumin plasma sedikit menurun, dan kolesterol normal atau sedikit meningkat. Salah satu tata laksana obesity-related renal injury adalah penurunan berat badan. Pengurangan asupan diet dan penurunan berat badan dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya lesi glomerulosklerosis fokal segmental. Terapi lainnya adalah pemberian obat yang memiliki efek negatif terhadap sistem renin-angiotensin seperti inhibitor angiotensin-converting-enzyme dan angitensin receptor blocker. Dapat juga diberikan obat yang meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin. Golongan statin mempunyai peranan dalam melindungi ginjal. Usaha mencegah atau menangani obesitas sejak dini memberikan dampak besar terhadap insidens, progresivitas, biaya, dan komorbiditas penyakit ginjal
Effect Of Sparging In Microalgae (Dunaliella Tertiolecta) Cuture Using Bubble Column
Authors: Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Barbosa M. , Wijffels R.
Published: June 2017

Microalgae as a photosynthetic microorganism that contain chlorophyll has high potential to produce novel high value compounds that can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. With lack of rigid cell wall, microalgae susceptible to have  hydrodynamic stress by increasing aeration rate. Increasing gas flow rate will increase the productivity to optimum condition, but after this condition the productivity will  decrease due to cell disruption. In this research has been  focused on effect of sparging on  microalgae cell damage. Sparging experiment was carried out by varying gas flow rate between 0.59 to 5.13 L.min-1 with a sparger made from needle inserted to a piece of silicon. The needle was used with diameter 0.4 to 1.2 mm and 1-9 needles. With this variables resulted gas entrance velocity between 2.56-104 m.s-1. The cell death rate constant (kd) was calculated by loss of cell viability in time using Coulter counter and Flowcytometer. From the experiments resulted gas entrance velocity was main cause for cell damagae. The small bubble was more detrimental than bigger size of bubble. Bubble rising as like in animal cell culture was no effect to detrimental cell.Keywords : D. tertiolecta, cell death rate constant, gas entrance velocity
Two Dimentional Numerical Models Of Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor
Authors: Aryanti N. , Bindar Y. , Wenten I. G.
Published: June 2017

Membrane contactor is separation processing unit using membrane as a contacting device. The major advantage of membrane contactor relies on its high contact area compared to conventional scrubber. One of the important applications of membrane contactor is to reduce emission of acid gases. In this work, modeling of membrane contactor is conductedto describe concentration distribution along fiber length used to predict effective fiber length by solving mass conservation equation. Solving of mass conservation equation required information of fluid flow  distribution obtained by solving continuity and momentum equation simultaneously. The finite volume method is used to obtain the solution. Modeling of fluid flow was carried out by adding Darcy`s and Brinkman-Darcy flow models into Navier-Stokes equation. The momentum and continuity equation  are solved for two-dimentional cylindrical coordinate. The result of velocity profile at axial direction were validated with Pangrle et.al. (1992) experimental data. The comparison shows that consideration using Brinkman-Darcy flow model give agood agreement with experimental data in which maximal axial velocity achieved is 0,047 m/s for this model and 0,05 m/s for experimental data.the concentration profile at radial direction using Darcy and Brickman-Darcy flow models have also been investigated. Furthermore, concentration profile at axial direction using the both two flow models indicate a decrease of concentration along fiber length. The comparison between models and experimental data by Subhakti and Azmier (1997) agree very closely to the Brinkman- Darcy flow model. The prediction of effective  fiber length was conducted based on minimum economical flux oe\f membrane contactor. The calculation gives the effective fiber length obtained is 0.19 m at gas concentration, gas flow rate, and sorbent concentration of 0.02 mol/L, 0.8 m/s and 0.256 M respectively.Keywords : modeling, membrane contactor, Darcy, Brinkman-Darcy