bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media and Violence Against Women in Terms of Human Rights Perspective (HAM)
Authors: Gerungan Lucy. K.F.R. , Hehanussa D. J. A. , Lewerissa Yanti Amelia
Published: April 2023

Social media can be a means of emergence of violence against women. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze social media and violence against women from a human rights perspective. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, the approach used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is through library research, and is analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that social media is a means that can lead to violence against women. Because women are a community that uses social media a lot. Even though the impact caused by violence in cyberspace (social media) is very contrary to human rights. Likewise, a woman's freedom and sense of security to access the internet through the use of social media is no longer safe. There needs to be a firm and clear legal umbrella related to regulating the use of social media so that women feel protected. Likewise, there must be a clear understanding from law enforcement officials regarding online gender-based violence so that the law enforcement process can run well too.
MPPKI correction
Authors: Marni
Published: April 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Value-Modulated Attentional Capture in Reward and Punishment Contexts, Attentional Control, and their Relationship with Psychopathology
Authors: Freichel René , Mrkonja Lana , de Jong Peter J. , Cousijn Janna , Franken Ingmar H.A. , ruiter Tom , Le Pelley Mike , Albertella Lucy , Watson Poppy , Veer Ilya , Wiers Reinout
Published: April 2023

Attentional bias towards rewards has been extensively studied in both healthy and clinical populations. Several studies have shown an association between reward value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) and greater substance use. However, less is known about the association between these VMAC effects and internalizing symptoms. Moreover, while VMAC effects have also been found in punishment contexts, the association between punishment VMAC and psychopathology has not been studied so far. In the present two-part preregistered study, we adapted a novel VMAC task to also include a punishment context and examined associations with internalizing symptoms and substance use. Our results showed consistent VMAC effects in reward contexts across two separate studies. Attentional capture was stronger for distractors associated with high rewards than for low rewards. We replicated and extended previous findings by showing such VMAC effects in a substantially shorter task that also included alternating punishment blocks. Contrary to our expectations, we found no VMAC effects in punishment contexts and no direct associations between VMAC and symptom measures. Our results speak to the feasibility of assessing VMAC effects using a scalable and short behavioral online task, but the relationship with the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology remains uncertain.
Words Left Behind: Tracking Emotional Changes in Experimental and Naturalistic Texts Across Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gueorguieva Emma S , Adams Kiki , Ireland Molly Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Early studies on a population’s emotional response to the COVID-19 pandemic found that using text analysis methods can accurately detect and replicate self-reported emotions. Using both naturalistic and experimental writing samples, we further investigate the change in emotions between waves. In this study, we use the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and the Syntax Aware LexicaL Emotion Engine (SALLEE) to score text samples according to 9 self-reported emotion categories by participants. Our analysis of experimental texts showed moderate correlations between self-reported emotions and software metrics, with both LIWC and SALLEE replicating the change in emotions between waves. Naturalistic text data (taken from Reddit) replicated experimental text data for most emotions. Across all texts, the topic of vaccination elicited mostly positive sentiment and the topic of government elicited mostly negative sentiment. Studying language with text analysis tools like LIWC and SALLEE can reveal important information about how communities and individuals react to or cope with traumatic events.
Errorless irrationality: removing error-driven components from the inverse base-rate effect paradigm
Authors: Dome Lenard , Wills Andy
Published: April 2023

The inverse base-rate effect is a robust irrational bias that arises when people face ambiguity. The most prominent theories of this irrational bias depend on prediction error. In this study, we gradually removed elements of a predictive learning design to test the extent to which error-driven processes underlie this bias. In our first experiment, we removed explicit feedback by implementing the inverse base-rate effect in an observational learning procedure. In our second study, we further removed any causal relationship between stimulus features and category labels by moving towards an unsupervised learning procedure. This removed any information participants could use to identify category labels. In both experiments, the inverse base-rate effect persisted and remained robust. This outcome suggests that this irrational bias is independent of supervised learning procedures. We propose that any theories and models of the inverse base-rate effect must manage information encoding and connection updates without explicit prediction error. We end by proposing two clear paths for future investigations.
Uncovering the latent structure of human time perception
Authors: Sadibolova Renata , Widmer Curtis , Fletcher Zoe , Weill Soraya , Terhune Devin B
Published: April 2023

One of the ongoing controversies in interval timing concerns whether human time perception relies on multiple distinct mechanisms. This debate centres around whether subsecond and suprasecond timing may be attributed to a single semi-uniform mechanism or separate and interacting mechanisms. Whereas past studies offer valuable insights, this study overcomes previous limitations by adopting multiple convergent statistical approaches in a design with strong statistical power. We conducted two online experiments involving participants reproducing temporal intervals ranging from 400 to 2400ms (Experiment 1; N=302) and 1000 to 2000ms (Experiment 2; N=302). We contrasted the application of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to differentiate distinct latent structures underlying duration reproduction patterns. Additionally, we compared the model outcomes with results from changepoint analysis models fitted to individual participants' data. In both experiments, these analyses yielded evidence for a two-factor model comprising a general timing factor spanning the full interval range and a second factor capturing the regression to the mean of presented stimulus intervals (central tendency bias). We observed a low proportion of detected changepoints, further supporting the limited evidence for a discontinuity between the distinct underlying mechanisms, while also finding that the changepoint detection was predicted by factor scores. These results highlight the role of central tendency effects in investigating changepoints and the continuity of timing systems. Our work contributes to integrating factor analytic and computational modelling approaches in the study of time perception and has implications for the measurement and interpretation of interval timing performance in a range of contexts.
Uncovering the determinants of brain functioning, behavior and their interplay in the light of context
Authors: Branchi Igor
Published: April 2023

Notwithstanding the huge progress in molecular and cellular neuroscience, our ability to understand the brain and develop effective treatments promoting mental health is still limited. This can be partially ascribed to the reductionist, deterministic and mechanistic approaches in neuroscience that struggle with the complexity of the central nervous system. Here, I introduce the Context theory of constrained systems proposing a novel role of contextual factors and genetic, molecular and neural substrates in determining brain functioning and behavior. This theory entails key conceptual implications. First, context is the main driver of behavior and mental states. Second, substrates, from genes to brain areas, have no direct causal link to complex behavioral responses as they can be combined in multiple ways to produce the same response and different responses can impinge on the same substrates. Third, context and biological substrates play distinct roles in determining behavior: context drives behavior, substrates constrain the behavioral repertoire that can be implemented. Fourth, since behavior is the interface between the central nervous system and the environment, it is a privileged level of control and orchestration of brain functioning. Such implications are illustrated through the Kitchen metaphor of the brain. This theoretical framework calls for the revision of key concepts in neuroscience and psychiatry, including causality, specificity and individuality. Moreover, at the clinical level, it proposes treatments inducing behavioral changes through contextual interventions as having the highest impact to reorganize the complexity of the human mind and to achieve a long-lasting improvement in mental health.
The influence of working memory and processing speed on other aspects of cognitive functioning in de novo Parkinson’s disease: Initial findings from network modelling and graph theory
Authors: Ferguson Cameron , Foley Jennifer A.
Published: April 2023

Deficits in working memory (WM) and processing speed (PS) are thought to undermine other cognitive functions in de novo Parkinson’s disease (dnPD). However, these interrelationships are only partially understood. This study investigated whether there are stronger relationships between verbal WM and verbal episodic memory encoding and retrieval, whether verbal WM and PS have a greater influence on other aspects of cognitive functioning, and whether the overall strength of interrelationships among several cognitive functions differs in dnPD compared to health. Data for 198 healthy controls (HC) and 293 dnPD patients were analysed. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery probing verbal WM, PS, verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, language, and visuospatial functioning. Deficit analysis, network modelling, and graph theory were combined to compare the groups. Results suggested that verbal WM performance, while slightly impaired, was more strongly associated with measures of verbal episodic memory encoding and retrieval, as well as other measured cognitive functions in the dnPD network model compared to the HC network model. PS task performance was impaired and more strongly associated with other neuropsychological task scores in the dnPD model. Associations among task scores were stronger overall in the dnPD model. Together, these results provide further evidence that WM and PS are important influences on the other aspects of cognitive functioning measured in this study in dnPD. Moreover, they provide novel evidence that verbal WM and PS might bear greater influence on the other measured cognitive functions and that these functions are more strongly intertwined in dnPD compared to health.
Are people less susceptible to the illusory sense of ownership over a fake hand if they can accurately perceive heartbeats?
Authors: Yamagata Toyoki , Ichikawa Kaito , Mizutori Shogo , Haruki Yusuke , Ogawa Kenji
Published: April 2023

Multisensory integration plays an important role in the experience of the bodily self. Recently, the relationship between exteroception and interoception has been actively debated. The first evidence was a report that the susceptibility of the sense of ownership over a fake hand (i.e., illusory hand ownership: IHO) in the typical rubber hand illusion is negatively modulated by the accuracy of the heartbeat perception (i.e., cardiac interoceptive accuracy: CIA). If reliable, this would suggest an antagonism between the exteroceptive and interoceptive cues underlying the bodily self. However, some inconsistent data have been reported, raising questions about the robustness of the initial evidence. To investigate this robustness, we estimated the extent of the modulatory effect of CIA on IHO susceptibility by applying Bayesian hierarchical modeling to two independent datasets. Overall, our results did not support that IHO susceptibility is modulated by CIA. The present estimates with high uncertainty cannot exclude the hypothesis that the relationship between IHO susceptibility and CIA is so weak as to be negligible. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to reach a conclusion about the extent of the modulatory effect. These findings highlight the lack of robustness of key evidence supporting the “antagonism hypothesis”.
"How do fish breathe underwater?": Young children's ability to evaluate and remember different types of explanations regarding biological phenomena
Authors: Sands Kaitlin , Monroe Anthony Joseph , Mills Candice
Published: April 2023

Four experiments (N = 239) examined the types of explanations children accept for how questions about biological processes and what children learn from these explanations. In Study 1, 4- to 6-year-olds rated mechanistic, teleological, circular, and non-explanations about biology. Only 6-year-olds rated mechanistic explanations as better and non-explanations as worse at answering questions. To simplify the study design for younger children, Study 2 asked 4- and 5-year-olds to sort non-explanations as well as mechanistic explanations into “helpful” and “not helpful” boxes. Studies 3 and 4 examined what children remembered from explanations they sorted. Studies 2 and 3 found that 4- and 5-year-olds recognized that mechanistic explanations were helpful, but they struggled to consistently sort non-explanations as “not helpful” and they remembered little from the explanations. In contrast, Study 4 found that 6- to 8-year-olds were effective at sorting both types of explanations and remembered more information from mechanistic explanations than non-explanations. Individual differences for each study are discussed.
Who Knows How to Govern? Procedural Knowledge in India's Small Town Councils
Authors: Auerbach Adam Michael , Singh Shikhar , Thachil Tariq
Published: April 2023

Governments across the Global South have decentralized a degree of power to municipal authorities. Are local officials sufficiently knowledgeable about how to execute their expanded portfolio of responsibilities? Past studies have focused on whether citizens lack the requisite information to hold local officials accountable. We instead draw on extensive fieldwork and a novel survey of small-town politicians in India to show that local officials themselves have distressingly low levels of procedural knowledge on how to govern. We further show that procedural knowledge shapes the capabilities of officials to represent their constituents, and that asymmetries in knowledge carry adverse representative and distributive consequences. Finally, we show that winning office does not provide an institutionalized pathway to knowledge acquisition, highlighting the need for policy-based solutions. Our findings demonstrate the importance of assessing knowledge deficits among politicians, and not only citizens, to make local governance work.
Longtermism and Neutrality about More Lives
Authors: Steele Katie
Published: April 2023

Longtermism is associated with the claim that we have moral reason toattempt to reduce the risk of ‘futuristic threats’ to humanity’s survival,even taking into account considerable opportunity costs for present people.A tempting response to this uncomfortable claim is to pin it to a specificway of conceiving moral reasons directed at human welfare, namely atotalist one that turns on more worthwhile lives being inherently better.The opposing conception is that more worthwhile lives is neither betternor worse, but rather inherently neutral. The well-known ‘greediness ofneutrality’ (Broome 2004, 2005), however, has the wider implication thatconclusions about futuristic threats of any kind are not greatly dependenton totalist moral mathematics. In deliberating about the goodness ofactions that affect present persons, our predictions about those who may ormay not exist later inevitably matter.
(Digital) Journalism
Authors: Perreault Gregory P
Published: April 2023

What is digital journalism? Journalists have often emphasised technology to form the definition when considering what counts as digital. That said, journalists use their technology in a wide variety of ways depending on their news organization; it may differ even for the individual journalist. Understanding the vulnerabilities of digital journalism necessitates an understanding of what digital journalism actually is. This chapter seeks to explore just that, connecting numerous streams of scholarship concerning the nature of digital journalism and here, specifically, to understand the values of the practice. This text will situate itself within two central ideas of digital journalism that are often placed at odds: (1) that digital journalism—at the time of writing—is industry standard throughout the journalistic field, and yet (2) digital journalism maintains meaningful differences from legacy, analog journalism. From that conceptual basis this chapter seeks to assess the meaning of digital journalism and the aspects of the practice vulnerable to exploitation by hate actors. With this in mind, this chapter examines defining digital journalism primarily through “digitization” and argues for a practice-based view of digital journalism, based on the interviews with practitioners.
The use and acceptability of preprints in health and social care settings: a scoping review
Authors: Blatch-Jones Amanda , Saucedo Alejandra Recio , Giddins Beth
Published: April 2023

Background: Preprints are open and accessible scientific manuscript or report that is shared publicly, through a preprint server, before being submitted to a journal. The value and importance of preprints has grown since its contribution during the public health emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. Funders and publishers are establishing their position on the use of preprints, in grant applications and publishing models. However, the evidence supporting the use and acceptability of preprints varies across funders, publishers, and researchers. The scoping review explored the current evidence on the use and acceptability of preprints in health and social care settings by publishers, funders, and the research community throughout the research lifecycle.Methods: A scoping review was undertaken with no study or language limits. The search strategy was limited to the last five years (2017-2022) to capture changes influenced by COVID-19 (e.g., accelerated use and role of preprints in research). The review included international literature, including grey literature, and two databases were searched: Scopus and Web of Science (24 August 2022). Results: 379 titles and abstracts and 193 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Ninety-eight articles met eligibility criteria and were included for full extraction. For barriers and challenges, 26 statements were grouped under four main themes (e.g., volume/growth of publications, quality assurance/trustworthiness, risks associated to credibility, and validation). For benefits and value, 34 statements were grouped under six themes (e.g., openness/transparency, increased visibility/credibility, open review process, open research, democratic process/systems, increased productivity/opportunities).Conclusions: Preprints provide opportunities for rapid dissemination but there is a need for clear policies and guidance from journals, publishers, and funders. Cautionary measures are needed to maintain the quality and value of preprints, paying particular attention to how findings are translated to the public. More research is needed to address some of the uncertainties addressed in this review.
The potentially misleading nature of the use of stock photos in news reporting: A case in 2022 of the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: April 2023

The ability to transmit accurate information that does not deceive its readership, and the use of images that reflects the truth of the fact that they are supposed to be representing, should be an important principle and basal tenet of any traditional or social media-based news or journalistic organization or platform. It is not uncommon to find images or photos that accompany the text of a news article, and the visual impact of an image, as is often expressed in a cliché, can sometimes add much more value than merely the text itself. Whereas some fake news is patently untrue, another gray zone of journalism that is affected by fake news may encompass bias, spin and deceit. Absent rigorous quality control and editing measures, a news source may inadvertently slip into this gray zone, which encompasses the use of stock photos to represent, or supplement, the text of news items. Focusing on photos by a pro-Ukrainian social media app-based news media outlet, this rather unusual case involves a highly topical personality, the President of Ukraine. This article points to how subtle “truth” can change through the use (or abuse) of stock photos. Several images covering May-September of 2022, specifically photos or videos of an unshaven President Zelenskyy in military attire that switch to images of a shaven individual in a suit, and back again, are examined from a single Telegram-based news source. This case exemplifies, using a “soft” example, the risks of “massaging” truth using stock photos. In times of war, especially in the ongoing Russia-Ukrainian war, the accuracy of news, including the non-fictional imagery that accompanies it, is essential, so as to neither mislead nor bias the readership, and to portray the news as accurately and neutrally as possible.
Uncertainty Attitudes as Values in Science
Authors: Roussos Joe
Published: April 2023

There is now a large literature on values in science, discussing whether andhow science can be objective while realistically acknowledging andmanaging the impact of values in the production of scientific information.In this paper, I am concerned with what counts as a value in this literature.Although previous discussions have identified a great many locationswhere value judgements occur, and a great many kinds of “inductive risk”,they have nevertheless focused on a particular kind of evaluation. I callthese evaluations of concrete outcomes. I argue that philosophersinterested in values and science ought to additionally consider scientists’attitudes to uncertainty, which are evaluations of decision situations ratherthan concrete outcomes. I will be concerned with inductive risk, and theclaim I make is a conditional one: if you are concerned about inductive riskin a particular part of science, then that concern should include uncertaintyattitudes alongside the more commonly considered moral, social, orpolitical values.
DALYs and the Minimally Good Life
Authors: Campbell Timothy
Published: April 2023

Climate change is expected to impact the health of current and futuregenerations. For example, rising temperatures are expected to increaserainfall in some areas of the global south, thereby increasing the incidenceof waterborne diseases, such as cholera. As the negative health impacts ofclimate change become more salient, so does the question of how tomeasure these impacts. The standard practice is to use Disability-AdjustedLife-Years (DALYs) as a proxy for health losses due to all disease causes,where one DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one life year at fullhealth. A natural thought is that governments and NGOs responsible forpromoting and protecting people’s health should use their resources insuch a way as to maximize expected DALYs averted per dollar spent. Butthis may conflict with a sufficientarian view that many find attractive,namely that when it comes to global health, our priority should be to comeas close as possible to a state in which every person can lead a life that issufficiently good, a minimally good life. The potential conflict betweenmaximizing expected DALYs averted and sufficientarianism sometimesgoes unnoticed by ethicists focused on global health. This paper drawsattention to the conflict by scrutinizing Nicole Hassoun’s recent bookGlobal Health Impact. It first explains the conflict, and then gives somereasons for being skeptical of sufficientarianism.
Aggregation, Interpretation, and Estimation of Preferences in Conjoint Experiments
Authors: Abramson Scott F , Kocak Korhan , Magazinnik Asya , Strezhnev Anton
Published: April 2023

Conjoint experiments enable the measurement of preferences in complex, multidimensional choice settings. But the problem of how to aggregate over multiple dimensions to make substantively meaningful statements of the form "respondents typically prefer feature A to B" has not received a concise, systematic treatment in the literature. This paper provides a set of theoretical and statistical tools for understanding the behavior of conjoint estimands that do just that. Specifically, we focus on the choice of whether to target an estimand that includes indirect comparisons between two features in addition to direct comparisons. We show that although this permits researchers to incorporate more observed tasks in estimation, it can also raise problems of interpretability when indirect and direct comparisons diverge in sign and magnitude. We develop a novel set of statistical tools, which integrate easily with existing workflows, to guide practitioners in choosing the estimand that best suits their needs.
Holi Dance as a Performance for New Beginning in Rimal's Silu
Authors: Maharjan Ganga
Published: April 2023

This paper analyzes holi dance entitled Abiraya holi in Pradeep Rimal directed Newari movie Silu (1987), the first ever ethnic movie made in Nepal, as a seasonal folklore that signifies the arrival of the New Year. Holi provides a context of social interaction for young men and to present themselves in front of the elders in among Newar community in Kathmandu Valley. My inquiry into the Newari culture through the movie is how holi celebration marks the beginning of new life for a newly married couple. As holi is a harbinger of New Year a giving them chance to familiarize with new ones. Not only that, it further examines that celebration of holi at the dawn of New Year bring families, relatives and young people from different clans together. Thus, holi becomes a basis for strengthening the relationship between protagonists in the movie and people in the society. In order to highlight holi dance as popular folklore among Newar community and it as an enactment of sharing a cultural tradition of Newars in Silu, this paper brings cultural studies on board to study the intersection of holi, New Year and newly married couples.
Ethnography: A Research Paradigm in Cultural Studies
Authors: Adhikari Garima
Published: April 2023

Ethnography is a new discipline in humanities and social sciences mainly in cultural studies that befits with the politics of identity. Generally people are stereotyped while they become the subjects of etic perspective. But on the other hand emic perspective of ethnography helps to establish the independent identity of the people that valorizes social recognition also. Positivism is a method in thick description under cultural studies that anchors the logical deduction in research that has affinity with quantitative reading of ethnography. While doing so this article has deployed Clifford Geertz’s notion of thick description because it ensures the accuracy in research findings when the researcher is engaged to study ethnicity and identity.
Breaking the Illusion of Disembeddedness in Science Fiction Movies Interstellar and The Martian
Authors: Dangaura Mohan
Published: April 2023

This paper critically examines two Hollywood science fictions movies Interstellar and The Martian from the notion of environmental crisis and human’s desperate effort to protect its serenity. Particularly, I am interested in exploring the issue of illusionistic anthropocentrism. I am interested in knowing why the feelings of superiority and self-sufficiency in human beings make them live with illusion of disembeddedness from nature. The major objective of this paper is to pinpoint the ecological crisis in future world and the invention of artificial habs or digital earth for survival through Hollywood films. The birth of the digital Earth ensures the doom of green earth and warns us to contemplate on our own earth instead lurking after space mission ignoring the nature’s exploitation. For this, I have used ecocritical perspective. Especially, I have drawn upon Lynn Townsend White Jr. and Val Plumwood’s notion of ecocriticsm and environmental crisis. This study is going to be important because it will answer the roots of our current ecological crisis and environmental pollution.
Race, Beauty and Resistance: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Bhandari Nagendra Bahadur
Published: April 2023

This article surveys of the various forms of racism and their impact upon the notion of beauty in the US. After the abolition of the slavery and racially segregated legal provisions, the African- American people suffer from various forms of racial discriminations. Such racist attitudes based on Whiteman supremacy also shape the discourse and standard of women’s beauty in the US. The biological features of the white women are considered as standard of beauty and the black women are stereotyped in terms of their beauty. As a result, the black women suffer emotionally and socially, and feel pressure of changing their biological features to confirm and accommodate with the whites’ notion of beauty. However, some black women gradually resist such racist notion of beauty by exploring their cultural root and proposing a counter discourse of beauty.
The Navigation of Afrocentricism in Countee Cullen’s “Heritage” and Incident”: The Poetics of Identity
Authors: Sharma Pradip
Published: April 2023

This paper brings forward the course and determination of Afro-American people toward their origin as experienced by African Americans. It remarkably remaps the poetics of identity amid the racial segregation as projected in Countee Cullen’s “Heritage” and “Incident.” Further, it deals with the color line discrimination over enslaved community and fabricated knowledge about their history as problematic of research. Because the slavery system has belittled Afro-Americans and alienated them from their atavistic culture so that they fail to enjoy human dignity and identity. My purpose, here, is to delve into the issue of color discrimination that not only hems the Afro- American community but also dislocates them from their heritage. Largely, this paper navigates their alienated position amid the vast opportunities of material progress in America. Moreover, this paper intends to go through the genealogical studies of the race as envisioned by Paul Gilroy and W.E.B. Du Bois who advocate for enslaved community’s dignity and identity. Admittedly, genealogical history of the race takes the Afro-American people back to the time before ‘the slave trade’ era when they were happy and free enjoying their culture and language with human dignity in their atavistic land, Africa.
Celebration of Meaninglessness in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five
Authors: Pokhrel Shekher
Published: April 2023

This is an exploratory inquiry on Slaughterhouse-Five of Kurt Vonnegut. The inquiry uses insights from the postmodernist art to investigate how the novel celebrates the meaninglessness employing various techniques and how the protagonist Billy Pilgrim comes to terms with his meaningless existence. It was found that the novel uses the postmodernist novelistic technic and theme such as the use of the subversion of narration, pastiche, parody, intertextuality, adaptation, alienation, paradox, fragmented character and narrative structure as the devices for diminishing painful experiences of Second World War.
The Effect of Consumer price index, Foreign Exchange Reserve and Labour Force on economic growth of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Ganesh
Published: April 2023

One of the main objectives for any country is to attain higher economic growth. Even though there are many factors that affect the economic growth of the country, this paper tries to examine the casual associations between the major economic indicator (GDP) with other factors such as consumer price index (CPI), foreign exechange reserve (FOREX), Labour force, so as to confirm the short run and long run relationship between GDP and these factors. This study uses the data from 1990 to 2021. Johansen approach to cointegration and vector error correction model has been implemented and the result have confirmed that a percentage increase in consumer price index will decrease GDP by 0.98 percentage, a percentage increase in foreign exechange reserve increase GDP by 0.017 percentage, where as a percentage increase in labour force will decrease GDP by 0.25 percentage.
The Impact of Digital Influencers on Attitude Towards Brand, Purchase Intention, and Brand Attachment
Authors: Karmacharya Sadis
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research is to discover if there are any links between digital influencers and three main marketing concepts: attitude towards brand, brand attachment, and purchase intention. The research focused on relationship between the perception of digital influencers and their impact on attitude towards brand, brand attachment, and purchase intention. The result showed significant relationship between credibility and attitude towards brand. Also showed significant relation between familiarity and attitude towards brand but showed insignificant between similarity and attitude towards brand. Likewise, it showed significant relationship between similarity and brand attachment. Also showed significant between familiarity and brand attachment but showed insignificant between credibility and brand attachment. And lastly it showed significant between purchase intention and familiarity. Correspondingly, it showed insignificant between credibility and purchase intention, also showed insignificant between similarity and purchase intention.
Analysis of the Dominant Factors Causing Perineal Rupter in Spontaneous Labor in Hospital Kalisat Jember
Authors: Agustin Maudy
Published: April 2023

Perineal rupture is a labor problem which is one of the biggest causes of maternal death. A preliminary study conducted at the Kalisat Hospital, Jember in January until May 2022, found that from a total of 510 mothers who gave birth spontaneously, 316 women experienced perineal rupture. This study aims to analyze the dominant factors causing perineal rupture in spontaneous labor, among others, related to maternal variables (parity, birth spacing, maternal age), Helper (how to lead pushing, pushing position, episiotomy), Fetus (presentation of deflection, breech position, dystocia). shoulder, fetal weight interpretation). This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was 297 and 100 mothers had perineal rupture. The sampling technique used was Accidental Sampling. This data was collected using observation sheets (screening sheets, partograph sheets, and checklist sheets) and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis methods with the Odds Ratio test in the SPSS 21 program. the incidence of perineal rupture from the three dominant factors, namely maternal, surrogate, and fetal each was 0.000 with a probability of 6.96 times for gestational spacing, episiotomy was 0.006 with a probability of 5.45 times, and breech position 0.001 with a chance of 5.96 times. Thus, the conclution that the dominant factor causing perineal rupture in the delivery room at Kalisat Hospital was distance between pregnancies. For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts to prevent the incidence of perineal rupture, such as the implementation of classes for pregnant women which can cover all preparations of mothers in going through the delivery process.
The Handwashing Skills Of Children Aged 3-5 Years Throughout Handwashing Videos At Kb Cahaya Ilmu Blitar Regency
Authors: Prayogi Wahyu Fatma Setia , Yulindahwati Asworoningrum , Wandi Wandi
Published: April 2023

Handwashing teaching is important to make lifeskills habituation, especially for preschollers, because they’re easy to imitate. This research’s aim to determine the increase in handwashing skills of toddlers aged 3 until 5 years with video. The design used single group pretest and posttest on 26 of 36 total student in KB Cahaya Ilmu, Blitar Regency. Data was collected by checklist and analyzed by Wilcoxon Signes Rank Test. The results showed that watching video had an effect on preschollers ability in handwashing. In conclusion, handwashing video can help developes preschollers’s handwashing skills
Morphological features of structural rearrangement of thrombi in patients with occlusive-stenotic diseases of the main arteries of the lower extremities
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. V. , Urvan O. G.
Published: April 2023

Annotation. According to the set goal of the work, we analyzed the results of morphological studies of blood clots that formed in the main arteries at different time intervals in patients with occlusive-stenotic diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities as a consequence of obliterating atherosclerosis. The material of the study was fragments of the arteries of 10 patients whose lumen was closed by blood clots taken during open surgical interventions on different arterial segments, and in 8 cases, autopsy material of thrombosed arteries of the femoral and popliteal segments was selected. The histological research method is applied. It is established the thrombus located in the main artery undergoes structural organization in the process of its changes. In addition, the thrombus and its changes in organization, together with the severity of the atherosclerotic plaque, leads to vessel stenosis and significant local or systemic hemodynamic changes, and thus determines the indications for a particular type of surgery for occlusive-stenotic diseases of the main arteries of the lower extremities.
Spectrum of bacterial microflora of trophic ulcers against the background of varicose and post-thrombotic decompensated venous insufficiency
Authors: Rusyn V. I. , Koval H. M. , Pavuk F. M. , Fedusyak V. Ya. , András Kovály
Published: April 2023

Annotation. The main cause of long-term wound healing is chronic inflammation, microcirculation disorders, and bacterial contamination of wound surfaces with the formation of biofilms. The frequency of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities, microbial resistance, and a significant recurrence rate (20-70%) is a topical issue today. The purpose of this work is to establish their bacterial component and possible relationships with microcirculation depending on the etiology of decompensated chronic venous insufficiency in order to improve the healing of trophic ulcers. From 2018 to 2022, 174 patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) C6 according to CEAP, aged from 38 to 69 years (on average, 55±5.3 years), were treated in the surgical clinic of the regional hospital. To monitor microflora and susceptibility to prescribed antimicrobials, a bacteriological study was conducted comparing the widely used paper disc method with the quantitative method of measuring the minimum concentration of growth inhibition. The study of the microcirculation of the skin of the lower extremities was carried out taking into account the angiosomal approach on the TCM 400 Radiometer device (Denmark). The study used the ratio of the value obtained in the first metacarpal area of the lower limbs to the same value in the chest. Statistical processing and analysis of the obtained results was performed using the Jamovi program. Analysis of the selected samples showed the diversity of the polymicrobial community, Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp.) were detected in the upper layers of the biofilm, Gram-negative and microscopic fungi Malassezia and Candida – in the deep layers. Anaerobic microorganisms (Prevotella spp., Porphorymonas spp.) were also isolated from samples of such wounds in 2%. When studying the microbial landscape of ulcers, it was found that the share of Staphylococcus spp. is: 65%; Enterococcus spp. – 60%; Pseudomonas spp. – 39%; Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. – about 25%; Streptococcus spp. – 26%; Escherichia spp. – 15%; Morganella spp. – 9%; Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp. – 4%; Xanthomonas spp., Prevotella spp., Porphorymonas spp. – 2%, respectively. Fungi culture Candida spp. and Malassezia spp were detected in all patients with CVI in the decompensation stage. The change in tcpCO2 indicators (46.4±1.4) is observed more in patients with gram-negative infectious agents and more acidic pH. In the group of patients where Gr+ infectious agents were detected, the average tcpCO2 level was 44.6±1.5.
Vitamin D supply and its relationship with nutritional status and survival in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Tkachenko T. V. , Moroz L. V. , Shevchuk S. V. , Pentiuk L. O.
Published: April 2023

Annotation. Prognosis assessment is critical for liver cirrhosis (LC). Vitamin D deficiency is considered a possible unfavorable factor. The aim of the study was to assess the level of vitamin D in LC patients, to establish the prevalence of its deficiency, and to determine the relationship with the severity of LC, nutritional status, and patient survival. 95 LC patients, 61 men, and 34 women (age 50.1±1.15 years) were enrolled in the prospective study. The nutritional status was assessed using Onodera’s Prognostic Nutritional Index (Onodera’s PNI). The serum 25(OH)D3 was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v 21.0. It was established that vitamin D insufficient supply was present in 9% of LC patients, deficiency – in 74%, and severe deficiency – in 15% of patients. LC decompensation was accompanied by a worsening of vitamin D deficiency. The serum 25(OH)D3 was correlated with Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (r= -0.481, -0.487, respectively, p˂0.001). The lowest 25(OH)D3 levels were in patients with severe and refractory ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and significant hypoalbuminemia. Malnutrition was found in 34.7% of decompensated patients and was associated with severe vitamin D deficiency. The 25(OH)D3 was correlated with Onodera’s PNI (r=0.679, p˂0.001). The 25(OH)D3 had a good predictive value for the 1-year mortality (AUC 0.708, p=0.004). The 25(OH)D3 less than 12.5 ng/ml should be considered a marker of a poor prognosis. Thus, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in LC patients. It is associated with the severity of liver disease, malnutrition, and poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can improve survival in LC patients.
On the implementation of the strategy for the development of higher education in Ukraine under martial law
Authors: Mykhaylova I. V. , Mudrak I. H.
Published: April 2023

Annotation. The devastating war in Ukraine creates challenges in ensuring a high-quality educational process, especially for students of higher medical institutions, for whom live communication and learning within the walls of the hospital is extremely important. Despite the most difficult times, Ukraine continues to carry out the educational process where the security situation allows. The article offers an operational review and discussion of the priorities of the higher education system for 2022-2032, adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the eve of the war on February 23, 2022. In the conditions of martial law, the recognition of learning results obtained in non-formal and informal education is gaining relevance. The main priorities of reforming the higher education system in the post-war period are defined in the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine for 2022-2032 and the Operational Plan for its Implementation in 2022-2024”, published on the official website of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Tasks and measures for the implementation of the Strategy with a view to reducing the destructive consequences caused by full-scale aggression in Ukraine were discussed. Restyling the management system of higher education institutions and strengthening Ukraine’s integration into the global educational and scientific space will strengthen Ukraine’s position in the global educational space.
Efficiency improvement of health care institutions activities using swot-analysis
Authors: Dereziuk A. V. , Yaremyna I. V. , Holovchanska-Pushkar S. E. , Baidiuk I. A.
Published: April 2023

Annotation. The use of SWOT analysis to evaluate the activities of medical organizations will allow the management of these institutions to make effective management decisions and choose appropriate strategies, which opens up new directions for future development. The purpose of our research was to conduct a review of literary sources and prove the importance of using a SWOT analysis as one of the key tools for implementing strategic management of any medical institution in order to improve the indicators of the population's health level while using the minimum amount of available resources, identifying strong and weak sides of medical institutions, as well as opportunities and threats of the external environment in the conditions of a market economy. A review of literary sources was conducted from 2004 to 2021, inclusive, using the scientometric databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search in the scientific literature included the following terms: SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, strategic management, healthcare facilities. After a detailed analysis of more than 70 publications, 39 works were selected and included in this review article. The approach of analyzing the work of medical institutions proposed by us allows us to choose the optimal way of development of these organizations and avoid threats from the external environment, to choose the right management decisions regarding the strategic development of the relevant institution, which will increase the competitiveness of the enterprise and the efficiency of its work in general.