bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Innovative Weed Detection Techniques for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: K. A. Sreeja  , Arun Pradeep  , M. Arshey  , Gayathry S. Warrier  , K. T. Ragesh
Published: January 2025

Agriculture, supporting over half of India's population, grapples with the challenge of weed control.  Current methods applied in plantation crops lack efficiency and pose environmental and health risks. This paper advocates a paradigm shift, emphasizing the critical need for effective weed detection using cluttered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. The research methodology integrates image processing, Mask R-Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN), and Internet of Things (IoT). A dataset of 200 UAV images was subjected to a thorough preprocessing. In the initial phase, weeds and crops were identified with precision employing an UAV-tailored Mask R-CNN with instance segmentation. This was found to surpass traditional methods in terms of communication between the model and the agricultural environment. For timely decision-making, real-time data were collected using IoT. Average Precision (AP) values reveal high accuracy, notably 89.1% for weeds, 88.9% for crops, and an overall precision of 89.4%. The Mask R-CNN network segments and classifies images, marking weed zones communicated to farmers via Raspberry Pi with a GSM module, enabling real-time alerts and informed decision-making for efficient weed control. This holistic approach, providing object classifications, detailed bounding boxes, and masks, addresses weed control challenges, highlighting the transformative potential of advanced technologies in agriculture.
Evaluating the Influence of Eco-friendly Cryogenic Coolants on Hole Parameters in Deep Hole Drilling of Inconel 718 Alloy
Authors: J. Elanchezhian  , A. Thanikasalam  , B. Arul Kumar  , P. Thamizhvalavan  , M. Thiyagu  , P. Murali
Published: January 2025

Deep hole drilling is a complex process, especially with heat-generating high-strength alloys like Inconel 718. Key challenges include heat management and effective chip removal to preserve tool life, hole accuracy, and surface finish. This method is ideal for applications like gun barrels, fuel lines, lubricant channels, and aircraft components. While cutting fluids cool and lubricate, they can cause health issues. Cryogenic coolants offer an eco-friendly, safer alternative that enhances machining performance. This study constitutes an experimental investigation of deep-hole drilling processes performed on a GUNDRILL CNC machine. The primary objective is to establish a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cutting speed, feed rate, and various coolants concerning key performance indicators, including surface roughness, hole wall temperature, hole quality, material removal rate and tool wear. The coolants considered in this study encompass traditional cutting oil, cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in cryogenic form. The use of cryogenic LN2 coolant during Inconel 718 machining led to a significant reduction in hole wall temperature compared to wet and cryogenic CO2 deep-hole drilling. This was due to the low temperature of LN2, which allowed efficient heat dissipation from the contact zone. LN2 also improved surface roughness by 29-55% compared to traditional oil coolant and 22-39% compared to cryogenic CO2 cooling. Additionally, cryogenic LN2 cooling decreased circularity error by 12-22% compared to oil coolant and 8-21% compared to cryogenic CO2 conditions. The cryogenic LN2 coolant enhanced chip breakability and extended tool life without damaging the cutting-edge insert.
Effect of Injection Timing and EGR on the Diverse Attributes of Diesel Engine Powered with Juliflora Methyl Ester Blend
Authors: Satish Kumar  , A. N. Basavaraju  , V. Dhana Raju
Published: January 2025

The study examines the efficacy of using a 20% blend of juliflora methyl ester (JFME20) as a diesel fuel alternative, focusing on injection timings of 19°, 23°, and 27° bTDC. At 27° bTDC, JFME20 exhibited a 4.53% increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to standard conditions. Emission reductions at full load were notable: smoke decreased by 8%, hydrocarbons (HC) by 17.3%, and carbon monoxide (CO) by 25.45%. However, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased, necessitating additional mitigation strategies. To address this, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was implemented at 10% and 20% with JFME20 at 27° bTDC, resulting in substantial NOx reductions by 16.74% and 33%, respectively, compared to JFME20 without EGR. These findings underscore that JFME20 enhances thermal efficiency, reduces CO, HC, and smoke emissions, and highlights the necessity of managing NOx emissions. EGR emerges as a vital technique for optimizing the environmental performance of biofuels in diesel engines, balancing efficiency and emission control. This study demonstrates the potential of JFME20 as a viable diesel substitute, with EGR playing a critical role in mitigating its environmental impact.
Neural Network-based Prediction and Optimization of Performance in Single Slope Solar Stills Enhanced with Nanoparticles for Improved Water Production
Authors: D. Nisha  , V. Stanlin Prija  , W. V. Sherlin Sherly  , P. Girija
Published: January 2025

This research uses a neural network technique to anticipate and optimize temperature and production factors in a single-slope solar still. In addition to comparable productivity measures and actual and expected temperatures of the glass and water, the experimental dataset contains changes in sun intensity, water depth, and the proportion and type of nanoparticles (TiO2 and CuO). The goal is to enhance the knowledge and performance of solar stills essential to sustainable freshwater production. Based on input characteristics, a neural network model was developed to forecast water temperature, glass temperature, and Productivity. By contrasting expected results with actual measurements, the model's performance was assessed and shown to have good predictive capabilities. The results showed that the kind and concentration of nanoparticles and sun intensity substantially impacted thermal behavior and Productivity. Productivity levels, for example, varied greatly, from as low as 0.3 kg/m²h with CuO nanoparticles to 2.75 kg/m²h with TiO2 under some circumstances. RNN, LSTM, and CNN models were tested, with RNN consistently providing the most accurate predictions across all datasets, particularly for Productivity, glass temperature, and water temperature. Along with precise forecasts, optimization methods were used to identify the ideal operating settings for optimum output. This method promotes more effective and environmentally friendly desalination solutions by offering insight into solar still design and operation enhancements. The results may guide future experimental configurations and practical applications for increased water production.
Structural, Morphological, and Photocatalytic Studies of Co-Doped MoO3 on SiO2: A Multifunctional Material for Environmental Remediation
Authors: S. Boobesh  , P. Sanjeevi  , G. Kalpana  , C. Sivaraj  , M. Elango
Published: January 2025

Molybdenum trioxide is a versatile material widely studied for its unique structural, electronic, and optical properties, making it suitable for applications in catalysis, photocatalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In this study, the structural and functional properties of undoped and Co-doped MoO3 on SiO2 were systematically investigated through XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-Vis, FTIR, EDS, and dye degradation experiments. The XRD analysis revealed the crystalline structure and lattice distortions induced by Co doping, while FESEM and TEM demonstrated the morphological evolution, including agglomeration and increased surface roughness. Optical studies using UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a bandgap narrowing upon doping, enhancing photocatalytic activity. The FTIR spectra highlighted shifts in vibrational modes, confirming structural modifications due to doping. The EDS analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of cobalt into the MoO3 matrix. The photocatalytic efficiency of 6% Co-doped MoO3 was evaluated using Isolan Black dye, with results showing significant degradation within 60 min. Based on the findings, the Co-doped MoO3 on SiO2 can be claimed as an efficient material for environmental and catalytic applications.
Enhancement of Mechanical and Wear Properties in 3D-printed PEEK Specimens using Eco-friendly Infill Patterns via Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Rajeshkumar Dhanapal  , Vasudevan Alagumalai  , Y. Justin Raj  , Sundarakannan Rajendran  , Justin Sam George
Published: January 2025

The increasing use of 3D-printed PEEK materials in load-bearing applications necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of their wear characteristics and hardness under dynamic loading conditions. This study investigates the wear loss, coefficient of friction, and hardness values of PEEK materials with four distinct surface patterns: Line, Grid, Cubic, and Hexagon. Controlled experiments revealed that the Line and Hexagon patterns exhibited the lowest wear loss (0.004 grams), indicating superior wear resistance, while the Cubic pattern showed the highest wear loss (0.009 grams). In terms of friction, the Grid pattern demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction (0.21), suggesting it offers the least resistance to movement, while the Line and Hexagon patterns had moderate coefficients of friction (0.40 and 0.35, respectively). The Cubic pattern displayed the highest coefficient of friction (0.45). Hardness testing revealed that the Hexagon pattern had the highest hardness value (30), followed by the Line pattern (28), the Grid pattern (25), and the Cubic pattern (20). These findings highlight the trade-offs between wear resistance, friction, and hardness among the different surface patterns, providing valuable insights for applications where these properties are crucial. SEM images were analyzed to investigate the wear characteristics of FFF-printed PEEK samples with varying infill patterns. The results showed that the Hexagon pattern exhibited the least surface degradation, demonstrating superior wear resistance compared to the Line, Cubic, and Grid patterns. This study offers valuable guidance for selecting optimal surface patterns in engineering and industrial applications to enhance performance and durability.
Development and Characterization of an Eco-friendly Stishovite Clay-manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite for Efficient Dye Removal from Wastewater
Authors: K. Prabhakaran  , T. Mohanapriya  , M. G. Geena  , E. Kavitha
Published: January 2025

The contamination of water bodies with artificial dyes causes serious health and ecologicalconcerns. The discharge of dyes into water systems from various industries, including textiles, paper, and others, causes significant ecological disturbances and poses health risks to humans. This study deals with the development of eco-friendly Nano composite made with stishovite clay and MnO2 for the purpose of removing dye pollutants from wastewater through adsorption. The composite's adsorptive capabilities are improved by the addition of MnO₂, while the stishovite clay serves as a stable matrix. The various material characterization technique was employed both stishovite clay and Nano composite sample. X-ray diffarction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were all employed to characterize the nanocomposite thoroughly. XRD confirmed the presence of crystals, whereas FT-IR revealed excellent incorporation of MnO₂, with vibrational peaks unique to the composite structure. SEM and TEM revealed improved surface shape and dispersion of MnO₂ nanoparticles, leading to an increase in surface area. The BET study demonstrated a substantial increase in both the pore volume and surface area, a critical factor in the enhancement of dye adsorption capability. According to the results, the stishovite-MnO₂ nanocomposite is a long-term, environmentally friendly, and very effective way to deal with dye pollution.
Production and Characterization of Silane-treated Sisal and Flax Fibers with Mechanical Properties Enhanced through TiO2 Reinforcement
Authors: S. Mohammad Malik Mubeen  , M. Shanmuga Priya  , M. Vijayaraj
Published: January 2025

This study examines the mechanical characteristics of a novel hybrid composite of sisal/flax/glass fiber and various percentages of titanium dioxide particles. Sisal fiber is renowned for its exceptional tensile rigidity and durability, while flax fiber is highly prized for its abundant availability and biodegradability. The purpose of including titanium dioxide particles is to enhance the mechanical characteristics of the composite. Silane treatment is done for both sisal and flax fibers. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and bending, microhardness, and fracture toughness, were conducted to evaluate the composite's behavior. The results were encouraging, indicating an average tensile strength of 77.16 MPa, flexural strength of 94.3 MPa, microhardness of 62, and fracture toughness of 1.82 MPa m0.5. These findings suggested that the material can be used in technical applications that demand exceptional strength, rigidity, and resistance to impact. Incorporating glass fibers and titanium dioxide particles results in a harmonious amalgamation of functionality and ecological soundness.
Sublime Failure
Authors: Tennant John
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The motif of "failure/flaw" ( hamartēma ) is prominent in On the Sublime , particularly Longinus's intriguing suggestion that "the failed Colossus" might surpass Polyclitus's Doryphorus. While Longinus's references to failure have generally been interpreted as emphasizing the importance of risk-taking, I argue that failure's relationship with the sublime is more complex than a straightforward polarity. The ekstasis of sublime experience disrupts the subjective, blurring distinctions between success and failure. Ekstasis is entwined with sublimity's transgression of traditional standards of aesthetic and moral propriety, as illustrated by the Colossus and passages from Demosthenes, Sappho, and Homer.
Theorizing Rabbinic Folklore: The Miraculous Sleep of the Holy Man
Authors: Sela Gal
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The miraculous sleep (ATU 766) is a well-known, recurring tale-type observed in Abrahamic folktales since the Second Temple period. This study compares variants of ATU 766 on three levels of analysis: as a popular tale in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim writings from late antiquity and early medieval times; as a Jewish rendition; and as a multiple tale-type in rabbinic literature. The analysis engages with Dan Ben-Amos’s critical work concerning the use of syntactic methods in folklore studies to analyze Midrash and Aggadah. The essay offers a new theoretical perspective on rabbinic folklore using the notions of tale-type , ecotype , conglomerate , and motif as discourse formations of different scales.
Cuba as a Center of the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Carricaburu Family Network, 1791–1820
Authors: Force Pierre , Fornias Carlos Venegas
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The period 1808–20 was a peculiar moment in the history of the Atlantic slave trade, when the trafficking was banned by the United States and Britain but still allowed by Spain. In that brief period, during which the trade reached its highest point in history, Cuban slavers made large fortunes, which were reinvested in the island’s fast-growing plantation economy. This article focuses on the Havana-based owners of the Josefa Segunda , a Spanish slave ship that was seized by U.S. Customs in New Orleans in 1818, triggering a case that went up to the U.S. Supreme Court. The shipowners were originally from southwestern France. Their presence in Cuba is puzzling because access to the Spanish Empire at the time was restricted to Spanish nationals. Archival research conducted in Cuba, the United States, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom makes it possible to fully map one slaving network that was part of the Basque/western Pyrenean trading diaspora. For Havana-based slavers, political and economic marginality was both motivating and enabling: motivating because it made them aspire to higher status; enabling because the ruling class, who wanted to keep a distance from slaving while still benefiting from it, gave them free rein and did not try to compete with them.
Optimal position detection of an optically levitated Mie particle
Authors: Wang Long , Zhou Lei-Ming , Tian Yuan , Liu Lyu-Hang , Guo Guang-Can , Zheng Yu , Sun Fang-Wen
Published: January 2025

We theoretically investigate the problem of position detection of an optically levitated Mie particle. The information radiation field (IRF) is proposed and defined to characterize the scattered light carrying complete information about the center-of-mass (c.m.) motion of the particle. Based on the IRF, we suggest an optimal detection scheme for the position of arbitrary particles. We calculate both the information losses of objective collection and mode-matching in levitated optomechanical experiments. Our results conclude that the backward detection scheme, using an incident Gaussian beam focused by a high numerical aperture lens, provides sufficient information to achieve the quantum ground state through cooling of the three-dimensional c.m. motion of the Mie particle.
Comprehensive thermal properties of Y3Al5O12 from 160 K to 500 K
Authors: Sato Yoichi , Taira Takunori , Takemasa Tomohisa
Published: January 2025

We measured the linear thermal expansion, the change of optical path length, and the thermal diffusivity in Y3Al5O12 (YAG) single crystal and ceramics experimentally from cryogenic temperature to a high temperature. Based on these evaluations, the comprehensive thermal properties of YAG were tabulated. We also indicated the numerical equations that can express the thermal diffusivity, the specific heat, thermal conductivity, the linear thermal expansion coefficient, and the temperature coefficient of refractive index for YAG single crystals and ceramics in the wide temperature range from 160 K to 500 K.
Indirectly LED-pumped Nd:glass: potential for high energy laser facilities
Authors: Nourry-Martin Maxime , Fermon Nicolas , Le Blanc Catherine , Meignien Loïc , Audebert Patrick , Druon Frédéric , Georges Patrick , Balembois François
Published: January 2025

Flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass is used as a power amplifier in many high energy laser facilities. Despite the problems of this old technology, flashlamps are still being considered for the next generation of lasers as diode laser pumping is far from being ready. This work presents an alternative for pumping high energy lasers: LEDs combined with luminescence concentrators. Using a pump head consisting of a green-yellow Ce:LuAG luminescent concentrator pumped by 2240 LEDs, we demonstrate a Nd:glass laser oscillator producing 25 mJ at 1053 nm for an absorbed pump energy of 138 mJ. The small signal gain reaches 1.25 in a single pass despite the short length of the Nd:glass rod (20 mm). These results reveal the potential of indirect LED pumping for Nd:glass amplifiers in high energy lasers.
Using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score to predict length of stay across all adult ages
Authors: Kutrani Huda , Briggs Jim , Prytherch David , Spice Claire
Published: January 2025

Background

Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) has recently been used to predict adverse health outcomes including length of stay (LOS) in hospital. LOS is an important indicator for patient quality of care, the measurement of hospital performance, efficiency and costs. Tools to predict LOS may enable earlier interventions in those identified at higher risk of a long stay. Previous work focused on patients over 75 years of age, but we explore the relationship between HFRS and LOS for all adults.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study using data from a large acute hospital during the period from 01/01/2010 to 30/06/2018. The study included patients aged 16 years and older. We calculated HFRS for patients who had been previously admitted to the hospital within the previous 2 years. The study developed Logistic Regression models (crude and adjusted) for nine prediction periods of LOS to assess association between (LOS and HFRS) and (LOS and Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI), using odds ratios, and AUROC to assess model performance.

Results

An increase in HFRS is associated with prolonged LOS. HFRS alone or combined with CCI were more important predictor of long LOS in most of periods to predict LOS. However, crude HFRS was superior to the models where HFRS was combined with any other variable for LOS in excess of 21 days, which had AUROCs ranging from 0·867 to 0·890. Regarding eight age groups, crude HFRS remained the first or second most effective predictor of long LOS. HFRS alone or combined with CCI was superior to other models for patients older than 44 years for all periods of LOS; whereas for patients younger than 44 years it was superior for all LOS except 45, 60, and 90 days.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated the utility of HFRS to predict hospital LOS in patients across all ages.
The impact of anions on electrooxidation of perfluoroalkyl acids by porous Magnéli phase titanium suboxide anodes
Authors: Wang Yaye , Wang Yifei , Dong Shuping , Huang Qingguo
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have indicated the great performance of electrooxidation (EO) to mineralize per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water, but different anions presented in wastewater may affect the implementation of EO treatment in field applications. This study invetigated EO treatment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), two representative perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), using porous Magnéli phase titanium suboxide anodes in electrolyte solutions with different anions present, including NO3-, SO42-, CO32- and PO43-. The experiment results indicate that CO32- enhanced PFAS degradation, while NO3- suppressed the degradation reactions with its concentration higher than 10 mM. SO42- and PO43- exhibited less impact. Further studies with electrochemical characterizations and radical quenching experiments illustrate the mechanisms of how the anions may impact EO performance.
Dancing Dutch, Het Nationale Ballet, Nationale Opera & Ballet, Amsterdam, 11 April 2024
Authors: Sporton Gregory
Published: January 2025

Review of: Dancing Dutch, Het Nationale Ballet, Nationale Opera & Ballet, Amsterdam, 11 April 2024
Sustainability ROX: Return on experience, return on extinction
Authors: White Christine
Published: January 2025

In an age of extremes, hot and cold, war and peace, wealth and austerity, to have electricity and to not … what do we focus on? The innovations that have changed our perceptions are almost imperceptible to the naked eye. The arts are the last to be funded and the first to be cut, and yet, we can prove their value and worth very substantially through the prevailing economics. All around the world we are encouraging entrepreneurs to be entrepreneurial, to have CEOs who are brilliant at being CEOs, we acclaim leaders who will lead … but where? Where are the leaders for the future, for the sustainable, for the new materials that do not punish people or the planet? Where are the leaders who have the courage to make a jump, take a leap of faith and do things differently with the only mission in mind to create fairness, a just world, a people- and animal-saving planet with an eye on – well, just about everything that is harmful.

How do you reduce plastic in events and performance production? Why is this commodity, which comes from fossil fuels, not precious? How has this become throw away and why have so-called ‘natural products’ – no less natural than fossil fuels – become dispensable – burning pyres of sheep’s wool, landfills of animal skins? Is it we are just not troubled enough … this article discusses how to be concerned? The Sustainability ROX event was a crossover of sustainability conference and business networking specifically for design. ROX return on extinction; ROX return on experience. It had a broad impact to address carbon literacy issues, greenhouse gas emissions and the developing needs of the design industries to review the processes of design, use of materials and design sustainability central to all activities. The event deliberately addressed circular economies for the fashion, textiles, design products and materials used in human society and the industries and their consumption of materials and energy. The occasion enabled the review of processes of design and discussed sustainable supply chains, conceptions and misconceptions of materials, scientific developments for product developments and energy systems. The impact has been to create networks of businesses, makers and producers, academics and researchers for the development of future projects.
The African Continental Free Trade Area: An Opportunity for Boosting Women in Trade
Authors: Zhuawu Collin , Enos-Edu Hilary
Published: January 2025

This issue of Trade Hot Topics examines in detail the potential for the AfCFTA to increase the gender responsiveness of trade and enhance trade by African women, especially in Commonwealth countries.
Commonwealth Anti-Corruption Benchmarks
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: January 2025

The Commonwealth Anti-Corruption Benchmarks are recommended as good practice anti-corruption measures. They are intended primarily to help governments and public sector organisations assess their anti-corruption laws, regulations, policies and procedures against international good practice, and consider implementing appropriate improvements. The Benchmark measures are designed to be achievable, practical and auditable. There are 25 Benchmarks, each of which comprises a Principle supported by a corresponding Benchmark.
Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of Climate Finance for Zambia
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: January 2025

Zambia is committed to the international community’s fight against climate change, and, as part of the response to the challenges linked to this phenomenon, it has established a legal, regulatory and long-term planning framework as defined in its
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2015, as part of the preparatory work before COP21, where the Paris Agreement was discussed and adopted. The initial NDC outlines the government priorities towards achieving the targets set by the Paris Agreement.
An Assessment of Vulnerable Sectors and EO Data Potential for Solomon Islands
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: January 2025

This report gives an overview of the climate finance landscape in Solomon Islands, highlighting the funding gaps in priority sectors identified by Solomon Islands and the potential to use Earth Observation data to support access to much-needed adaptation and mitigation finance for these sectors.
Assessment of selected areas of sport in EU countries
Authors: Gavurova Beata , Friedrich Vaclav
Published: January 2025

Sport is an important sector of economic activity and is closely linked to other areas of the service sector (culture, education, tourism, recreation and leisure time). The aim of the study is evaluation of selected areas of sport in the EU countries with focus on economic matters of sport and areas associated with the development of sports services. This study makes use of multivariate methods (factor analysis and cluster analysis). The results of the factor analysis, based on the assessed factors in sports focused on economic matters in sport and development of sports services have shown that, with exceptions, the EU countries vary in their sport policies. The most notable differences in terms of the evaluated areas of sport have been found in Performing Physical Activities and Employment in Sport. The findings on the evaluated areas of sports, received by use of cluster analysis, the K-means method, show that despite marked differences in sport policies, partial similarities can be found between certain groups of countries and mutual ties to identical sport policy systems. The findings may be beneficial not only to creators of sport policies in the individual EU countries but also to other actors in the sport industry and services in both the public and the private sectors.
princípio da impessoalidade e os critérios de impedimento em concursos públicos para a carreira do magistério superior federal:
Authors: Simões Fernanda Egues , Marchiori Neto Daniel Lena
Published: January 2025

O princípio da impessoalidade é fundamental na administração pública no Brasil, assegurando igualdade de tratamento e oportunidades aos cidadãos. Nos concursos públicos para a carreira do magistério superior federal, regulamentados pela Lei 12.772/2012, esse princípio é essencial para garantir a lisura dos processos seletivos e evitar a endogenia, prática que pode comprometer a imparcialidade. Este artigo analisa como o judiciário interpreta e aplica o princípio da impessoalidade frente a alegações de impedimento na composição das bancas examinadoras, utilizando decisões dos cinco Tribunais Regionais Federais entre 2003 e 2023. A pesquisa adota o Método de Análise de Decisões (Freitas Filho; Lima, 2010) para avaliar a coerência dos julgados com os critérios estabelecidos.
Significance and methodology of monitoring calcemia in disorders of mineral metabolism: challenges and prospects
Authors: Chubakova K. A. , Kamenskih E. M. , Saprina T. V.
Published: January 2025

Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism can cause severe complications that require changing of therapeutic strategies and a long treatment in a hospital. The prevalence of diseases accompanied by calcium metabolism disorders varies from low to moderate. For example, primary hyperparathyroidism, as one of the most common causes of pathological changes in calcium metabolism due to parathyroid hormone hypersecretion, occurs with a frequency of 85 to 233 cases per 100 thousand people. In countries where blood calcium measurements are not routinely carried out, this disease and similar conditions are diagnosed less frequently, and at later stages, with a predominance of manifest and complicated forms. However, calcium metabolism disorders require timely detection and correction in order to prevent complications. At the same time, in a number of clinical situations, standard laboratory analysis is not the optimal diagnostic option due to the duration and complexity of its implementation. In particular, the development of acute hyper- and hypocalcemia requires faster obtaining of blood test results. It is promising to apply technologies allowing to quick assess the current level of calcium directly at a doctor’s appointment especially in cases of drug doses adjustment for patients with chronic disorders of calcium metabolism. In this regard, when long-term monitoring of calcemia is required or in emergency situations, the potential benefit can be obtained by using portable Point-of-Care (POC) devices or wearable biosensors. This review examines the clinical and methodological aspects of monitoring calcium levels, their capabilities and practical limitations, and also highlights the prospects for the development and implementation of POC devices and biosensors for ionized calcium.
Albumin adjustment of total serum calcium – is it worth doing?
Authors: Mamedova E. O. , Golounina O. O. , Belaya Z. E.
Published: January 2025

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. About 99% of calcium is deposited in the bones in the form of hydroxyapatite and only 1% is located in the intracellular and extracellular fluid. Ionized calcium, which makes up about 50% of the total amount of circulating calcium, is biologically active; the remaining percentage is bound to plasma proteins (40%, of which albumin accounts for 90%, and globulins for 10%), or is in complex with anions (10%) such as citrate, lactate, bicarbonate, phosphate. Hypo- and hypercalcemia are common conditions treated by physicians of various specialities. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignant tumors are the most common causes of hypercalcemia, whereas hypocalcemia is most often caused by hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency or chronic kidney disease. The interpretation of blood calcium concentration results affects the correct diagnosis, the need for further examination, and the choice of treatment. Concentration of ionized calcium is considered a more accurate indicator of the true status of calcemia compared to the concentration of total calcium, but its measurement is difficult due to strict preanalytical and analytical requirements. In the mid-1970s, calcium adjustment equations appeared, which are widely used today. However, some studies have expressed doubts about the sufficient reliability and sensitivity of the corresponding adjustment formulas. The diagnostic accuracy of widely used correction formulas in some clinical situations is lower than the diagnostic accuracy of uncorrected total calcium. The review discusses the history of the formulas for correcting total calcium for albumin, the factors influencing the result of correction, as well as its suitability in various conditions.
Por uma saúde mental antimanicomial
Authors: Dias João Vinícius dos Santos
Published: January 2025

O artigo discute as contribuições da educação popular para fortalecer a perspectiva de saúde mental baseada na atenção psicossocial e alinhada aos princípios da reforma psiquiátrica. A atenção psicossocial representa uma mudança significativa na abordagem de cuidado em saúde mental, propondo a passagem de um paradigma hospitalocêntrico e medicalizador para uma perspectiva de cuidado em liberdade e com enfoque na autonomia dos indivíduos. No entanto, enfrenta desafios como a precarização das relações de trabalho, a crescente patologização e medicalização em saúde e o apagamento de questões de classe, gênero e raça na reforma psiquiátrica. O texto enfatiza a necessidade de fortalecer uma abordagem de saúde mental antimanicomial, baseada nos princípios da reforma psiquiátrica e na integração com a educação popular que reconheça os determinantes sociais na produção do sofrimento psíquico e promova uma visão ampliada e emancipatória do cuidado em saúde mental.
Palavras-chave: atenção psicossocial, educação popular, saúde mental, Reforma Psiquiátrica, luta antimanicomial
Sabor do Nordeste
Authors: Rodrigues Perla Silva , Lima Maria Valéria Chaves de , Costa Adalberto Veronese da , Cardoso Glêbia Alexa
Published: January 2025

A alimentação escolar pode ser uma forma de valorizar a riqueza cultural do país ao incluir alimentos que reflitam a história e a identidade dos estudantes e das comunidades locais. A cozinha nordestina foi profundamente influenciada pelos aspectos socioeconômicos da região. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho busca relatar a experiência de profissionais da saúde na realização da atividade de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional “Sabor do Nordeste: feira cultural de gastronomia nordestina”, desenvolvida com alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública localizada no interior do Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, acerca de uma atividade de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. Sobre o percurso metodológico, consistiu em uma feira cultural, degustação de comidas nordestinas e roda de conversa. A partir da vivência experimentada, foi evidente que os estudantes aprimoraram seus conhecimentos sobre a antropologia da alimentação e aspectos nutricionais dos alimentos estudados. Portanto, foi possível proporcionar aos alunos uma aula diferente, resgatando a cultura alimentar regional do Nordeste, além de levar uma reflexão sobre o comer afetivo e escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis e tradicionais.
Environmental Sustainable Development Target In Indonesia: A VECM Analysis
Authors: Basri  , Herianti
Published: January 2025

Environmentally sustainable development is of utmost importance today. Amidst the global challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, Indonesia is facing an urgent situation to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. This study examines the factors determining sustainable development targets in Indonesia using vector error correction models (VECM). This study uses economic and environmental data from 1992 to 2022 to analyze the relationship between energy consumption, urbanization, environmental policy stringency, and the environmental quality index. The tests used in this study include statistical tests, lag criterion tests, cointegration tests, VAR stability tests, and Granger causality tests. The study results indicate a long-term influence of the variables of energy consumption, urbanization, and environmental policy stringency on environmental quality. In the short term, urbanization has a significant positive effect on environmental quality in Indonesia. These findings emphasize the importance of strong environmental policy integration to mitigate environmental degradation and achieve sustainable development in Indonesia. Strategic policy recommendations for policymakers are to reduce the use of fossil fuels, switch to renewable energy, and implement a sustainable urbanization model by considering strategic urban spatial aspects.
Právní úkony směřující ke skončení pracovního poměru v kontextu českého a komunitárního práva
Authors: Lang Roman , Putík Martin
Published: January 2025

The European Communities (EC) established in the 50th of20th century did not concern (at least at the beginning) with the labour law at all. Their primary aim was to create and to develop functioning common market. Nevertheless along with the establishment of common market, with the realization of the one of the “basic freedoms” – namely free movement of workers - it turned out that economic, social and labour processes are not separate. It shows that there has to be some regulation of minima! social standards and minimal labour law regulation within the European Communities.
Even nowadays the labour law of EC (if we could name it so), arises from the principle of entrusted powers and from the principle of territoriality. It means the regulation of labour law pertains to member state, on the basis of article 5 of European Community Treaty. And the employment relationship is governed by the national law (exactly by the positive law of the member state where the rights and obligations from the employment contract are performed).
The purpose of presented paper is to evaluate the authentic Czech legal regulation of termination of employment contract pursuant to the legal acts of parties to an employment contract (especially with regard to the regulation of the new Labour Code no. 262/2006 Coll.) and to compare it through the prism of the primary and the secondary EC law.
In the text there are described (defined and characterized) specific juridical institutes of the Czech labour law such as termination of an employment contract by an agreement, by a notice, by a summary dismissal and by a summary dismissal during the trial (probationary) period, of course utilizing the practice of the Czech labour courts (tribunals). Proper attention is given to the relevant EC directives dealing with the termination of the employment relationship and to the practice of the European Court of Justice in this area.
Harmonizace skutkové podstaty trestného činu postihující účast na zločinecké organizaci
Authors: Vlastník Jiří
Published: January 2025

After an introductive part rapidly overviewing the development of organised crime and clarifying the role of a criminalization of a participation in a criminal organization the article is divided into three parts. In the first one it analyses different national legal approaches to a criminalization of various forms of a participation in a criminal organisation comparing the common law approach in the United Kingdom and a continental concept in its multiple forms in France, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It points out at the very narrow link between the special “participation” offence and the general concept of criminalization of a preparation and attempt of a crime. In the second part the work studies the cornerstone of the international legal framework in this domain – the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (so-called Palermo Convention). In the third and principal part the article looks in detail into the process of harmonization of the offence criminalizing the participation in a criminal organization, analysing the 1998 joint action and the proposal of a framework decision on the fight against organised crime in the Commision original version and then as amended by the Council. It focuses on the problem of an optional two-concept approach to the related offence pointing out at the close link to the mutual recognition of criminal decisions principle. Even if the new framework decision does not mean any qualitative step forward in the harmonization of the forms of participation in a criminal organisation it manifests the joint will of Member States to engage in a common approach to the fight against organised crime. The two-concept harmonization could maybe even become a model one in areas where the consensus is too bard to reach due to different historical and social roots of national legal orders.
Cogeneration system’s energy performance improvement by using P-graph and advanced process control
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin , Alwi Sharifah Rafidah Wan , Er Hong An , Ahmad Termizi Siti Nor Azreen , Abd Manan Zainuddin , Lim Jeng Shiun , Muhammad Dinie
Published: January 2025

Cogeneration systems are widely used in industrial settings to meet process steam and power demands efficiently. Optimizing the load allocation among boilers and turbines is critical for improving overall system efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. However, traditional optimization approaches often rely on complex mathematical models, which can be challenging for in-house engineers without advanced optimization expertise. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a graph-theoretic tool, Process Graph (P-Graph), to optimize load allocation while considering the nonlinear part-load efficiency of boilers. Additionally, drum boilers exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as the shrink-and-swell effect, which require advanced control strategies. To address this, various control strategies, including Proportional-Integral (PI) and Model Predictive Control (MPC), are evaluated under different high-pressure steam (HPS), medium-pressure steam (MPS), and energy demand scenarios. The study comprises two stages: optimization of load allocation among five boilers and three turbines, followed by the application of control strategies to the optimal configuration. Results show that dynamic load distribution involving Boiler 2, Boiler 3, Boiler 5, ST1, and CT achieves the best energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The comparison between the base and optimized scenarios underscores the changes in operating strategies achieved through optimization, resulting in a 2.38 % reduction in operating costs, equivalent to RM1727.3 per hour. Moreover, MPC outperforms PI control in closed-loop performance, demonstrating superior energy savings and error minimization.
On the relation between one-sided duoness and commutators
Authors: Kim Nam Kyun , Lee Yang
Published: January 2025

This article studies the structure of rings

R

R

over which the

2
×
2

2\times 2

upper triangular matrix rings with the same diagonal are right duo, denoted by

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

. We prove that for any right regular element

d

d

of such a ring

R

R

,

d
R

dR

contains the ideal of

R

R

generated by all commutators. It is also proved that for a domain

R

R

,

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

is right duo if and only if

R

R

is either commutative or a division ring. Moreover, it is proved that if

R

R

is a ring of characteristic 2 such that

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

is right duo, then

R

R

has an ascending chain of nil ideals

N

R

i

⊆

N

R

i
+
1

{N}_{{R}_{i}}\subseteq {N}_{{R}_{i+1}}

(

i
=
0
,
1
,

…

i=0,1,\ldots

) such that

N

R

i
+
1

⁄

N

R

i

{N}_{{R}_{i+1}}/{N}_{{R}_{i}}

is contained in the center of

R
⁄

N

R

i

R/{N}_{{R}_{i}}

. Furthermore, we give a simpler proof to the famous result that if

R

R

is a simple noncommutative ring then

R

R

coincides with its subring generated by all commutators (by Herstein). Finally, we show that if

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

is right duo over a ring

R

R

, then

S
a
⊆
a
S

Sa\subseteq aS

for any

a
∈
R

a\in R

, where

S

S

is any of the following: (i) the prime radical, (ii) the Jacobson radical, (iii) the group of all units in

R

R

, and (iv) the set of one-sided zero-divisors.
Hybridization to prepare environmentally friendly, cost-effective superhydrophobic oleophobic coatings
Authors: Ma Yan , Sun Yanfeng , Hua Chenghao , Yuan Mengjie , Gao Shanshan , Zhang Tianshuo , Chen Fushan , Song Xiaoming
Published: January 2025

Most petroleum-based polymers are non-biodegradable, leading to serious environmental concerns. Paper has become an important substitute for plastic. The hygroscopicity of paper in a humid environment causes its physical and mechanical strength to decrease. The development of superhydrophobic paper offers an effective solution that significantly improves water resistance and wettability, while also imbuing self-cleaning and stain resistance. In this study, the superhydrophobic oil coating was prepared with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) as organic components and nano titanium dioxide particles as inorganic components by hydrolysis condensation under alkaline conditions. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coating were analyzed by SEM and other techniques. In addition, we also studied the influence of TiO2 quantity and other factors on the wettability of the paper interface, and determined the optimal preparation process to achieve the super hydrophobic oil repellent coating. The results show that when the addition amount of nano-titanium dioxide is 0.16 %, the reaction time is 6 h, the volume ratio of organosilane TEOS to OTS is 1:2 and the addition amount of TEOS is 6 mL (that is, when the total addition amount of organosilane is 23 %), the water contact angle on the surface of the layer is 159°±1.5°, the rolling angle is 3.5°±0.5°, the glycerol contact angle is 155°, and the ethylene glycol contact angle is 142°, indicating that this coating has excellent superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic properties. In addition, the coating has low adhesion to water, good self-cleaning ability and corrosion resistance.
Synthesis and crystallographic characterization of Cu[SeCN]
Authors: Shlyaykher Alena , Tambornino Frank
Published: January 2025

Copper(I)seleonocyante, Cu[SeCN], is known as a hole-transport layer (THL) material and finds application in transistors and organic light-emitting diodes. Previous works also include a prediction of the crystal structure of Cu[SeCN] by density functional theory analysis. Presumably, as-synthesized Cu[SeCN] forms its α-modification and, if deposited as a layer, it forms its β-modification. However, these statements are based only on the qualitative comparison of the collected and predicted diffraction patterns. Here, we present the complete structural refinement of the crystal structure of α-Cu[SeCN] from powder X-ray diffraction data. α-Cu[SeCN] crystallizes in the α-Cu[SCN] type in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (№ 61) with lattice parameters a = 7.6625(1), b = 6.9628(1), c = 11.2821(2) Å, V = 601.93(1) Å3, and 8 formula units in the unit cell. Moreover, we report on the vibrational (IR/Raman) spectroscopy corroborated by structure optimization and simulation of the spectra by DFT methods, as well as thermal analysis on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction.