bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writer as Character: Creating “One-Pager” Tabletop Roleplaying Games in the First Year Composition Classroom
Authors:   University of Illinois Springfield, Hedge Stephanie
Published: September 2024

This proposed session/paper reflects on an assignment in a first-year writing course where students create a “one pager” tabletop roleplaying game based on writing a research paper. This assignment is designed to both support skill transfer through defamiliarizing the process of research writing through translation to the roleplaying game, and to define the persona (or player-character) of the writer, exploring the materiality of the writerly identity. This assignment is rooted in a composition pedagogy that centers the identity of the author as a complex piece of the writing puzzle, building on feminist and queer pedagogies (Jung 2005; Hawisher 2003; Alexander and Rhodes 2011) and interrogating Aristotelian conceptions of ethos and identity. Building on both persona and frame theories of tabletop roleplaying games (see Waskul and Lust 2004; Fine 1983; MacKay 2001; Grouling Cover 2010), this assignment asks that students not only conceptualize the writing process but the writer themself, as a character that exists in the created game–a persona existing in the “gameplay” frame. After creating their own games, students play the games created by the peers and subsequently reflect on the “character” they were invited to play, thinking about how their own complex, intersectional, and performed identity shapes their writing. This assignment lays bare both the intersections between person, writer, and text, and the processes and skills required to craft a research paper. This session will include the assignment sheet, samples of student work, and reporting on the experience, as well as a thorough grounding in the composition and TTRPG theories that undergird the work.
Life in Plastic: Warhammer 40,000 Miniatures, Closure, and the Secondary Worlds of Aesthetic Objects
Authors:   Wilfrid Laurier University, Jacobi Alexander
Published: September 2024

Increasingly, storyworlds of the 21st century are forged through intertextual narrative practices, whereby transmedial franchises use novels, movies, comics, and video games for multimodal storytelling. However, while textual transmedial franchises have received much academic attention, there is less discussion about how non textual objects like toys, miniatures, or game pieces may expand narrative universes in the same way that a text does 1. I am interested in exploring how such physical objects intersect with the processes of narrative construction by functioning as an intertextual narrative node in and of themselves. Using my case example, the Warhammer 40,000 tabletop miniature wargame, I consider the ways that the plastic soldiers, monsters, and tanks of the game contribute to an extended diegesis. To examine the intersection of secondary worlds and physical objects, I will discuss how as a small statue, the Warhammer miniature is not simply a game piece to be moved across the table, but also an art object which signifies a world beyond itself through its frozen pose on the tabletop. To illustrate how miniatures simulate a secondary world, I will use Steven Jacobs and Vito Adriaensens’ examination of the theatrical tableaux vivants, wherein the posing of actors as immobile statues suggests “the possibility of life within itself” (Adriaensens and Jacobs 42). Both these frozen actors and the frozen Warhammer miniature signify a captured moment that exists beyond their own physicality; therefore, game pieces not only serve pragmatic game functions, but can themselves extend the fiction of the game itself.
Abstracting the Battlefield: Designers on Evolving Mechanisms, Historical Accuracy, and Representation in Modern Wargames
Authors:   College of Western Idaho, Carlson Cody
Published: September 2024

How wargame and wargame-adjacent designers use mechanisms to represent combat, historical events, equipment, and issues like race and gender are more important than ever considering the massive explosion of wargames and wargame adjacent titles in the last twenty years or so. Increasingly, simple dice combat for unit elimination found in games like Axis & Allies and Risk has given way to more innovative systems like deck building (Undaunted Normandy, Osprey Games), corps morale systems (Chancellorsville 1863, Freeman’s Farm 1777, Worthington Games), area control (Twilight Struggle, Fort Sumter, Flashpoint: South China Sea, GMT Games), and more. Increasingly, designers not only have to wrestle with the age-old question of balancing gameplay mechanisms with historical accuracy, but also how to create that balance in light of new, innovative systems. This paper would be based on data (interviews) from several wargame and wargame-adjacent designers, and it would consider how they incorporate new and innovative mechanisms, and how at the same time they reflect historical accuracy. To what extent do designers “fudge” history in order to make a compelling and balanced tabletop wargame. This also would consider how representing traditionally underrepresented groups can be a product of an intentional historical inaccuracy, (i.e. black soldiers fighting alongside white soldiers in the American Army during WWII in Undaunted Normandy), or how members of these groups who were actual historical actors are portrayed.
Finding My Meeple: How Eight Secondary Educators Use Analog Gaming to Engage and Motivate Students
Authors:   St. John's University, Thorgersen Shawn
Published: September 2024

Although more research has been conducted on game-based learning in secondary-level classrooms in recent years, much of that research focuses on the digital realm as opposed to analog games such as board or card games. Moreover, research concerning analog games often takes the form of design-based research or explorations of how thinking manifests during gameplay. Thus, more research is necessary to provide a fuller view of (1) how secondary-level teachers currently make use of analog games as learning tools in their classrooms and (2) the affordances such teachers have experienced when implementing analog games as teaching tools. In this qualitative study, the researcher interviewed eight middle and high school teachers of various disciplines and from various locations in the United States who employ analog game-based learning. Examined through a theoretical framework of Csikszentmihalyi's Flow theory and Ryan and Deci's work in Self-Determination, a number of themes emerged during those semi-structured interviews, including the enjoyment experienced by both teachers and students while using analog-based games as learning tools; improved levels of engagement and motivation; the appeal of analog games for learners who benefit from interacting with physical objects; and the rewards of using games in class, including positive social interaction. Furthermore, participants discussed the importance of aligning lesson objectives with gameplay; the value of post-play reflection; the power of games to offer valuable simulation-based learning experiences; and the challenge of student hesitation due to fear of failure or competition during gameplay. These themes suggest the potential for analog-based games to be used as valuable learning tools, so long as the teacher knows how and when to use such tools. Finally, the researcher calls for further study to aid educators in aligning their choices of games with the kinds of students who make up their classrooms so that fewer students experience the fear of failure and, thus, disengage with the game-based learning experience.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android (Smart Go) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ahmad Aunur Rohman
Published: September 2024

Pembelajaran matematika di Sekolah Menengah Atas menjadi salah satu pelajaran yang pokok. Berdasarkan prapenelitian dan hasil analisis kebutuhan di MA Matholi’ul Huda diperoleh bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada materi persamaan trigonometri rendah. Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis android ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada materi persamaan trigonometri. Media dikembangan menggunakan metode Research and Development (RnD).
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah ADDIE termodifikasi, meliputi analysis, design, development, dan implementation. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuisoner validasi ahli, kuesioner respon siswa dan respon guru, dan tes. Kualitas media ditinjau dari kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan sangat layak, nilai yang diperoleh adalah 87% dengan sedikit revisi. Tingkat kepraktisan media berkategori sangat praktis dengan nilai 100%. Disisi lain, media ini juga sangat efektif dengan nilai 99%.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka media Smart Go layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Intercéder à la cour de France. À propos d’une étude de cas : la correspondance
de la duchesse de Picquigny-Chaulnes, « maîtresse » de ministre en 1743-1744
Authors: Pellegrin Nicole
Published: September 2024

À partir des 73 lettres inédites adressées en 1743-1744 au comte d’Argenson par la
duchesse de Picquigny-Chaulnes, conservées dans le Fonds ancien de la Bibliothèque
universitaire de Poitiers, l’article examine la pratique épistolaire méconnue qu’est
l’intercession. Il s’agit de faire la lumière sur les liens d’intérêts et les rapports de
force à l’oeuvre, sous l’Ancien Régime, au sein de toute alliance, dans et hors mariage.
Alors que les protagonistes sont tous deux de très haut rang et fréquentent les mêmes
cercles familiaux et amicaux, l’un est toutefois un homme d’État qui a « fait carrière »
tandis que les prétentions intellectuelles de l’autre incitèrent ses contemporains à la
placer parmi les « dames curieuses » et autres « endiablées de l’esprit ». Dans ces
conditions, comment la partenaire épistolaire parvient-elle à déjouer le déséquilibre genré
initial par un agir épistolaire qui mêle déclarations amoureuses, flatteries et requêtes
intéressées ? Le corpus est révélateur d’une pratique massive qui suppose un entregent
féminin mis au service d’intérêts personnels, familiaux et claniques.
Costs and Profit Assessment of Layer Eggs Farming in Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Baldeep
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted with primary data collected from 100 layer producers chosen by proportion probability sampling technique distributed across all the regions of Punjab. The results showed that the educational status of the head of the family was observed in 41 per cent of layer farmers who got the above matric standard. The variable and fixed costs accounted for 96.66 and 3.34 per cent, respectively of the total costs.  Poultry feed followed by pullets feed was found to be the most important item of variable cost to the extent of `657.19(US $7.83) in absolute terms and accounted for 65.42 per cent of the maintenance cost of layer production. The gross returns from poultry farming were `1093.55 (US $13.04) per bird. The output-input ratio on layer farms was 1.09 which revealed that poultry is a profitable enterprise and based on output-input ratios, large poultry farms were more efficient as compared to medium and small. While comparing the mortality rate across categories the large layer farmers were found efficient due to better management and adequate needed infrastructure. On the whole, it can be concluded that poultry production is a profitable venture and eggs production a most favoured subsidiary enterprise among the Punjab farmers.
From Ancient Threads to Colonial Commerce: The Evolution of West Bengals Silk Industry from Mythical Origins to Independence
Authors: S. M Kishore , K. S Shalini , K. S Nikhil Reddy , S Chinmayi , Kotipalli Manideep , S. M Bharthisha , Morabad Parvati B
Published: September 2024

Silk production, or sericulture, has a rich history that is frequently eclipsed by its modern applications. Sericulture began in ancient China approximately 3000 BC and this was a well held secret until it spread to Korea, India and eventually the West through a variety of causes, including royal intrigue and missionary endeavours. By the Han Dynasty, silk had evolved from a luxury item to a valuable economic asset, impacting trade and culture throughout Asia and Europe. India's silk industry, as documented in ancient scriptures, progressed from early wild silk production in the Himalayan foothills to sophisticated mulberry sericulture by the 2nd century BCE. The Mughal dynasty improved Indian silk traditions by incorporating several weaving techniques and nurturing a thriving business in Kashmir and Bengal. From 1612 to 1858, the East India Company capitalised on Bengal's silk potential by building trading centres and using Piedmontese reeling technology to improve quality. Despite initial hurdles, Bengal silk became a major export commodity, but colonial policies and technological shifts eventually led to its demise. Silk output fell dramatically after independence due to a variety of economic and geopolitical issues. This article investigates the growth of India's silk industry, focussing on Bengal's key role and examines the effects of colonial control, technological advancements and the sector's trajectory up to Independence.
Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests on Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] in Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Choudhary Jaswant Singh , Parmar Shradha , Lal Bharat , Choudhary A.K.
Published: September 2024

The study investigated the prevalence of major insect pests and their natural enemies in Blackgram crops, focusing on leaf hoppers, whiteflies, Bihar hairy caterpillars, spotted pod borers, stem flies, coccinellids and spiders. Throughout the crop period, the population dynamics of these pests were monitored, revealing varying levels of infestation. The high population of 5.60 leafhoppers per plant and 3.50 larvae per plant of Bihar hairy caterpillar were recorded during 35th week of the crop cycle. The high population of 6.90 whiteflies per plant, 2.60 spotted pod borer larvae per plant and 60 per cent of pod fly infestation were observed during 36th, 37th and 38th week of the crop cycle, respectively. The highest populations of coccinellids 2.40 beetles per plant in 35th week and 2.00 spiders per plant in 36th week recorded duringthe crop cycle. The maximum temperature and relative humidity showed significant positive correlation and minimum temperature and rainfall showed negative non-significant correlation with the population of leaf hopper, Bihar hairy caterpillar, whitefly, stem fly, spotted pod borer and coccinellids. Relative humidity showed positive significant correlation and maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall showed negative non-significant correlation with population of spider.
Smallholder Farmers' Perception of Climate Change and Multiple Adoption of Adaptation Strategies in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Gniza Innocent Daniel , Ouattara Kifory
Published: September 2024

Climate change is a global concern today due to its impacts on all aspects of life. This study analyzes the perceptions of smallholder cocoa farmers on climate change and their subsequent adaptation strategies in the Zanzan district of northeastern Côte d’Ivoire. Data collected from 322 randomly selected smallholder farmers were analyzed using a multivariate Probit. The results indicate that farmers perceive climate change through changes in climatic parameters such as rainfall, temperature and winds. To adapt to these changes, farmers adopt several strategies that are either complementary or substitutable from their point of view. The most widespread adaptation strategies in the study area are fallow, staking, shifting the sowing period and crop rotation. This multiple adoption is linked to several factors including the gender of the producer, his level of education, the possession of cereal crops, the presence of soil restoration programs in the locality. The study recommends strengthening meteorological and climate information systems and disseminating knowledge in order to increase awareness of climate change and integrate adaptation strategies into local management plans.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Character Association of Yield Related Traits and Genetic Divergence Study in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh Tripti , Singh P.K. , Yadav R.K. , Saxena Prateek , Singh Saloni
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity for various rice traits and their association with yield during Kharif 2023-24 at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India. 64 rice genotypes were evaluated on the basis of various morphological traits in a field experiment. Significant variation were observed among genotypes for all the traits studied. The results indicated that the highest genetic variability was observed in case of plant height, days to maturity, numbers of spikelets per panicle and biological yield per plant. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. High GCV and PCV were observed for grain yield per plant. Broad sense heritability varied from 98.03% in case of days to maturity to 61.45% for harvest index. Significant positive correlation with grain yield was also noticed for harvest index (0.475), test weight (0.503), number of spikelet per panicle (0.827) and biological yield per plant (0.942). All the traits were also studied through path coefficient analysis and highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was recorded by biological yield per plant (0.942) followed by harvest index (0.267). The dendrogram of cluster analysis grouped 64 rice genotypes into seven clusters. Cluster II incorporated the highest number of genotypes. Data from this study exhibited the presence of sufficient genetic diversity among the genotypes which can be employed in future rice breeding programmes.
Understanding the Significance of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Seed Physiology
Authors: Rej Samrat , Banerjee Sampurna , Lal Sandeep K , Kumar P R
Published: September 2024

Seed vigour and longevity are pivotal agronomic traits with profound implications for crop yield, food security, and the global economy. Seed longevity, often defined by the duration of seed viability, is crucial for effective gene bank management, influencing seed regeneration cycles and ensuring the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. The inevitable process of seed deterioration, driven by a complex network of biochemical reactions, leads to altered metabolism and damage to critical cellular components such as membranes, DNA, mitochondria, proteins, and the antioxidative defence system. In recent research, Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) have emerged as key contributors to enhancing seed vigour and longevity. These sugars perform multiple functions in plants, including tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, regulation of seed germination, and maintenance of desiccation tolerance, all of which are essential for overall seed health. Studies suggest that RFOs significantly bolster seed vigour and longevity through mechanisms such as cytoplasmic vitrification, water replacement, and osmoprotection in dried seeds. These oligosaccharides are particularly abundant in the seeds of leguminous crops and are also found in roots and specialized storage organs. The glassy state formed by RFOs is vital for protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing the stability of enzymes, and preventing deleterious conformational changes in proteins. Furthermore, delaying the degradation of RFOs has been shown to inhibit premature germination, underscoring their critical role in early seedling development and successful crop establishment.
Heterotic Studies for Yield and its Related Traits in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
Authors: Sai P. Usha , Reddy P. Sanjana , Reddy B. Rupesh Kumar , Santhosh B.
Published: September 2024

The present study was conducted on six parents and eighteen hybrids developed at ICAR Indian institute of millets reaserch, rajendranagar, hyderabad, for sixteen characters. ANOVA revealed significant difference among genotypes for all characters studied. In the present investigation eighteen crosses generated by Line × Tester mating design were evaluated and heterosis estimated. Heterosis studies helps in finding out superior hybrids over mid parent (Average heterosis), better parent (heterobeltiosis) and standard check crosses studied four crosses viz., 291A X 23S216, 291A X 23S168, 291A X 23S156 and 291A X 23S224 were found as the best performing hybrids for grain yield and its component traits.
Response of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practice on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella corniculate L.)
Authors: Kaushik Pooja , Kumar Karmnath , Kaushik Parul , Nidhi  , Anuj  , Nikita
Published: September 2024

Integrated nutrient management methods assist improve fenugreek (Trigonella corniculate L.) development and yield by integrating the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers. These methods enhance soil fertility, increase nutrient availability, and improve plant health, all of which lead to increased crop yield, growth and quality. Future policies must place a high priority on the economical, sustainable, and efficient use of nutrient resources for the purpose to increase agricultural output. Thus, proper crop, water, soil, and land management along with integrated nutrient management are necessary for sustainable agriculture. Improved soil qualities and increased nutrient availability for agricultural plants come from the use of organic manures in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers. This enhances fenugreek growth, yield, and quality measures. The synthesis of carbohydrates, phytohormones, and even biofertilizers is enhanced by a nutritious diet. It also builds up the soil's organic status, which raises the availability of other nutrients and contributes to the maximum growth of crops. Vermicompost, farmyard manure, rhizobium, phosphorus- and potassium-soluble bacteria (PSB) are among the materials used in methi cultivation that support sustainable agriculture by enhancing soil fertility, nutrient availability, and general crop health, all of which lead to higher methi yields and quality. Organic matter is a storehouse of nutrients; applying both organic and inorganic fertilizer together can boost yields, improve soil fertility, raise crop input-use efficiency, and reduce the need for expensive fertilizers. This crop responds effectively to N provided through a combination of organic and inorganic sources. Majority of the nitrogen applied from different sources is not used by the first crop and is always reflected in the crop that follows. Therefore, it is necessary to assess how integrated nutrition management affected fenugreek's yield and nutrient uptake.
Effect of Nutritional and Environmental Conditions on Growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Causing Anthracnose of Anthurium
Authors: Thangeswari S. , Deivamani M. , Paramasivam M. , Indra N. , Latha T.K.S. , Govindan K. , Sasikumar K.
Published: September 2024

Isolates of Collectotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease of anthurium were collected from five different locations of anthurium growing areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and their pathogenicity was established. Effect of different pH level, light intensity, media and carbon and nitrogen sources were tested against the growth of C. gloeosporioides under in vitro conditions. The results of experiment indicated that the growth of C. gloeosporioides was maximum in pH range of 6.0-6.5. The exposure of the fungus to alternate cycles of 12 hour light and 12 hour darkness resulted in the maximum mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides compared to continuous light and darkness. Among the different media tested, potato dextrose agar medium increased the growth of mycelium followed by oatmeal agar. The maximum growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed in mannitol followed by starch and maltose as carbon source. Among the nitrogen sources, potassium nitrate was found by more mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides.
Screening of Gerbera Cultivars against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Neog Pranjal Pratim , Deka Pal
Published: September 2024

Aims: To find out the source of resistance against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in different gerbera cultivars and their evaluation.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Biswanath College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chariali, Assam during rabi season 2023.
Methodology: Suckers of six gerbera cultivars were planted in pots and were inoculated with freshly hatched second stage juveniles of M. incognita (1 J2/cm3 soil) fifteen days after planting.
Results: Upon observation 2 months after inoculation results showed that three cultivars viz. Pink Melody, Red Seven and Arka Krishika were recorded as susceptible with gall index 3.6, 3.6 and 3.4 respectively. Other three cultivars viz. Orange Sun Brust, Pride of Sikkim and Saffron were recorded as moderately resistant with gall index 3.0. Upon evaluation the cultivar Orange Sun Brut recorded maximum plant growth parameters followed by the cultivar Saffron and minimum plant growth parameters were recorded in the cultivar Pink Melody.
Conclusion: From this experiment it is concluded that no one cultivar found to be resistant against root-knot nematode. Three cultivars were found to be moderately resistant and others were susceptible. Moderately resistant cultivars can be planted in nematode infested areas as alternative to susceptible cultivars.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Vegetable Production: A Review
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Rajput Rajat , Bihari Chhail , Kumari Suman , M Abdul Rahman , Kanaujia S.P. , Jamir Sentirenla , Kumar Raj , Shankar Ravi , Singh Rishabh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in vegetable production, emphasizing its potential to address critical challenges such as climate change, population growth, and resource scarcity. AI technologies, including machine learning, computer vision, and robotics, are revolutionizing agricultural practices. AI-driven innovations in crop management, pest control, and soil analysis enhance productivity, reduce labour costs, and ensure sustainable farming practices. Notable advancements include precision spraying by Blue River Technology, significantly reducing herbicide use, and deploying autonomous tractors and drones for efficient farm management. AI applications, such as PEAT's Plantix and Trace Genomics, provide accurate diagnostics for soil health and pest management. Satellite-based solutions like Farm Shots and aWhere offer real-time crop monitoring and weather prediction, optimizing resource use and mitigating risks. The review highlights the importance of making AI technologies more affordable and accessible to farmers, particularly in developing regions. Collaboration between researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers is crucial to harness AI's full potential in agriculture. As AI continues to evolve, its integration into vegetable production promises a more efficient, resilient, and sustainable agricultural sector, contributing to global food security and environmental preservation.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in vegetable production, focusing on how AI technologies enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. The objectives are to assess current AI applications, analyze their benefits and challenges, and provide recommendations for future improvements and wider adoption in the agricultural sector.
The research methodology for the study on the role of Artificial Intelligence in vegetable production involves a comprehensive literature review of existing AI technologies and their applications in agriculture, coupled with the analysis of case studies to evaluate real-world implementations. Additionally, expert interviews and surveys with farmers and industry professionals will be conducted to gather insights on the benefits, challenges, and future potential of AI in this sector.
The theoretical implications of the study on the role of Artificial Intelligence in vegetable production include advancing the understanding of AI's capabilities in agricultural optimization and contributing to the academic discourse on sustainable farming practices. Practically, the study provides actionable insights for farmers and agribusinesses on implementing AI technologies to enhance crop yields, reduce resource wastage, and improve overall farm management efficiency.
2‐Arylacetamides as Versatile Precursors for 3‐Aminoisocoumarin and Homophthalimide Derivatives: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Double Carbonylation Reactions
Authors: Frutos‐Pedreño Roberto , García‐López José‐Antonio
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of biologically relevant homophthalimide and 3‐aminoisocoumarin nuclei via palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of 2‐(2‐iodoaryl)acetamides has been developed. The degree of N‐substitution on the starting amide substrate dictates whether C−N or C−O coupling takes place in the final step of the catalytic cycle giving rise to each type of heterocycle. The introduction of a second C−halogen bond in the starting acetamides allows a catalytic cascade double carbonylation involving a C−H activation step to give fused heterocyclic structures.

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Coupling Reaction of Enol Derivatives with Silyl Ketene Acetals Catalyzed by Gallium Trihalides
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Kita Yuji , Ueda Hiroki , Imaoka Hiroto , Chiba Kouji , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: July 2016

A cross‐coupling reaction between enol derivatives and silyl ketene acetals catalyzed by GaBr3 took place to give the corresponding α‐alkenyl esters. GaBr3 showed the most effective catalytic ability, whereas other metal salts such as BF3⋅OEt2, AlCl3, PdCl2, and lanthanide triflates were not effective. Various types of enol ethers and vinyl carboxylates as enol derivatives are amenable to this coupling. The scope of the reaction with silyl ketene acetals was also broad. We successfully observed an alkylgallium intermediate by using NMR spectroscopy, suggesting a mechanism involving anti‐carbogallation among GaBr3, an enol derivative, and a silyl ketene acetal, followed by syn‐β‐alkoxy elimination from the alkylgallium. Based on kinetic studies, the turnover‐limiting step of the reaction using a vinyl ether and a vinyl carboxylate involved syn‐β‐alkoxy elimination and anti‐carbogallation, respectively. Therefore, the leaving group had a significant effect on the progress of the reaction. Theoretical calculations analysis suggest that the moderate Lewis acidity of gallium would contribute to a flexible conformational change of the alkylgallium intermediate and to the cleavage of the carbon−oxygen bond in the β‐alkoxy elimination process, which is the turnover‐limiting step in the reaction between a vinyl ether and a silyl ketene acetal.
Glycomics: New Challenges and Opportunities in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Russo Laura , Cipolla Laura
Published: July 2016

Tissue engineering relies on the possibility to engineer cell microenvironments by means of bioactive materials, biochemical and physical stimuli in order to guide cell behaviour and to regenerate damaged tissue. Despite the relevance of glycan epitopes as signaling molecules, and the recent advances in glycomics, their use as biomolecular cues at the interface between materials and cells for the controlled stimulation of adhesion and differentiation processes for regenerative medicine applications is still limited. In this concept article we will briefly outline the basis and the impact on health and economics of regenerative medicine, together with the recent applications of the glycocode in tissue regeneration approaches.
Electrostatic Fluid Accelerator under High‐Speed Free Air Stream
Authors: Wen T. Y. , Lindgren K. , Mamishev A. V.
Published: July 2016

The electrostatic fluid accelerator (EFA) generates ionic wind with a simple structure that barely obstructs the free air stream or produce excessive noise. This paper presents the velocity characteristics of an EFA under a high speed free air stream to simulate an EFA‐powered propulsor. The results show that when the EFA generates identical velocity to the free air stream, the EFA contributes 25% of the resultant velocity. When the EFA is replaced by a rotary fan that generates identical velocity to the free air stream, the fan contributes only 13.4% of the resultant velocity. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
3D cellular models with negative compressibility through the wine‐rack‐type mechanism
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Heng , Liu Qiang , Ren Tao
Published: July 2016

Here three analytical models are presented through the layout of wine‐rack mechanism in three dimensions (3D) where the conditions for these models to exhibit an extraordinary property, i.e. negative compressibility are specified. In particular, we show that these three models have adjustable compressibility that can be tailored for specific applications and can exhibit NLC, NAC, zero and negative Poisson's ratios in some cases. In this way, the potential of this 2D mechanism in designing 3D models with anomalous properties can be brought out.
Integrating Hydrological Modelling and Ecosystem Functioning for Environmental Flows in Climate Change Scenarios in the Zambezi River (Zambezi Region, Namibia)
Authors: Martínez‐Capel F. , García‐López L. , Beyer M.
Published: July 2016

The Zambezi‐Chobe wetlands in Namibia are of great international importance for trans‐boundary water management because of their remarkable ecological characteristics and the variety and magnitude of the ecosystem services provided. The main objective of this study is to establish the hydro‐ecological baseline for the application of environmental flow regimes (EFR). The specific objectives are: (i) the assessment of environmental flow components (EFC) in the current near‐natural hydrological conditions; (ii) the generation of future scenarios for climatic and socioeconomic changes; (iii) the estimation of the area–duration curves and estimated annual habitat during the inundation of the critical habitats for fisheries (mulapos), under the existing conditions and future scenarios; and (iv) to provide a framework for the future application of EFRs, based on hydrological and ecological processes. To make a sound analysis of the ecological implications, first we develop a conceptual framework of the linkages between the hydrological and biological processes concerning fish communities, because of the critical role of fisheries in the region. The EFCs in near‐natural hydrological conditions provide the basis for developing interim EFRs in the region, within the framework of an adaptive management of water resources. The future scenarios indicate a mitigation of the flow variability; and, in the worst‐case scenario, the reduction of the maximum flow and inundated area of the mulapos would result in a reduction of the estimated annual habitat of 22%. This means a reduction in the spawning habitats for quiet‐water species, in the food resources for fry and juvenile fish and a consequent reduction in fish stocks. Furthermore, the habitat loss during low events is similar and greater under both scenarios, at ca. 35%. Here we corroborate that the EFCs and their variability may become the building blocks of flow‐ecology models that lead to environmental flow recommendations, monitoring and research programmes and flow protection activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Edgewise and subgraph‐level tests for brain networks
Authors: Chen Huaihou , Zhao Bingxin , Porges Eric C. , Cohen Ronald A. , Ebner Natalie C.
Published: July 2016

Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance image is a useful technique for investigating brain functional connectivity at rest. In this work, we develop flexible regression models and methods for determining differences in resting‐state functional connectivity as a function of age, gender, drug intervention, or neuropsychiatric disorders. We propose two complementary methods for identifying changes of edges and subgraphs. (i) For detecting changes of edges, we select the optimal model at each edge and then conduct contrast tests to identify the effects of the important variables while controlling the familywise error rate. (ii) We adopt the network‐based statistics method to improve power by incorporating the graph topological structure. Both methods have wide applications for low signal‐to‐noise ratio data. We propose stability criteria for the choice of threshold in the network‐based statistics procedure and utilize efficient massive parallel procedure to speed up the estimation and inference procedure. Results from our simulation studies show that the thresholds chosen by the proposed stability criteria outperform the Bonferroni threshold. To demonstrate applicability, we use both methods in the context of the Oxytocin and Aging Study to determine effects of age, gender, and drug treatment on resting‐state functional connectivity, as well as in the context of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Study to determine effects of autism spectrum disorder on functional connectivity at rest. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interreligious Dialogue and Theology of Religions: an Asian Paradigm
Authors: Pieris Aloysius
Published: July 2016

Interreligious dialogue, like all else, is having its own way in Asia and reveals its own theology of religion. This has to be seen against the background of what transpires in the Western patriarchate in the same field of theology. Here I will focus on one particular model which has created tension between the two magisteria that function dialectically in the church today: the “academic magisterium” of the theologians and the “pastoral magisterium” of the bishops and in particular the bishop of Rome. They differ in their responses, but they begin their theology of religion by asking almost the same question.
Density functional theory study of the substituent effect on the structure, conformation and vibrational spectra in halosubstituted anilines
Authors: Haruna Kabiru , Alenaizan Asem A. , Al-Saadi Abdulaziz A.
Published: July 2016

A comparative density functional theory (DFT) study exploring the structural and spectroscopic properties of the complete set of halosubstituted anilines with the halogens being F, Cl and Br was carried out.
Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure and mechanical property of hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring
Authors: Qian D.S. , Wang K.W. , Liu Q.L. , Hua L.
Published: July 2016

Isothermal spheroidising annealing treatment is a vital step for hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring to transform the lamellar pearlite into granular pearlite, which can improve the structure and cutability of the bearing ring. In this study, the effect of spheroidising annealing parameters on the microstructure of a hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring was studied. The results show that annealing temperature and holding time have a great effect on the size and roundness of carbide particles, while the annealing cooling rate just has a significant effect on the carbide particles’ size. A series of mechanical tests indicate that all annealing parameters have a great influence on the tensile strength, plasticity and hardness, but make no difference on the elasticity. Considering the machinability and working performance, the rational annealing temperature, holding time and rapid cooling rate should be chosen.

This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Recent developments in bearing steels.
The microfoundations of human resources management in US public schools
Authors: Pogodzinski Ben
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify the extent to which human resources (HR) decision making is influenced by the social context of school systems. More specifically, this study draws upon organizational theory focussed on the microfoundations of organizations as a lens identify key aspects of school HR decision making at the district and school level.

Design/methodology/approach

– Interview data were collected from district-level HR directors and local union presidents across 11 districts in Michigan and Indiana. The interviews provided information on the formal and informal aspects HR management. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and the constant comparative method was used to move from initial codes to higher levels of abstraction (Miles and Huberman, 1994; Strauss and Corbin, 1990). Multiple data collection methods were utilized to help validate the interview data that were collected (Stake, 2004).

Findings

– The key findings show that social relationships, particularly at the school level, influence the distribution of teachers within a district. The findings support the need for closer attention to be given to the social dynamics of school systems and the impact this has on HR decision making, particular with regard to the influence of informal organizational structures and day-to-day interactions within systems.

Originality/value

– The current body of research does not fully attend conceptually or empirically to the broader social context of a school system which shape HR decisions. Specifically, researchers and practitioners need to further address the ways that the social dynamics of school systems shape administrative decision making with regard to HR management.
Do financial criminals commit perfect crimes?
Authors: Compin Frederic
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Financial criminals commit crimes with such disconcerting ease that economic and social stability is threatened. Armed with intangible knowledge and backed by legal, financial and accounting expertise, criminals use their intellectual weapons to carry out their activities with impunity by operating in extra-territorial spaces such as tax havens. The purpose of this paper is based on interviews with key figures in the French judiciary and also French tax officials.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey in the form of semi-directive interviews was conducted from March to July 2012 with auditors, judicial magistrates and a representative of a large trade union of the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry. Questioning this panel of persons from different but associated horizons enabled the collection of practical, technical and professional information on how they perceive acts of financial crime in the practice of their mission.

Findings

It was possible to observe that financial crime is motive-driven and develops in specific spaces and contexts, aided by informational weapons.

Research limitations/implications

By promoting both financial optimisation and tax minimisation, non-cooperative territories provide the perfect breeding ground for innovative minds to distort social norms which uphold equal tax treatment and a common effort. Financial information is the recurring theme throughout, allowing ever more cunning offenders to distort the value of words and the meaning of economic results.

Practical implications

The ease with which financial crimes are committed remains striking. Understanding the reasons why financial criminals appear to enjoy relative impunity requires questioning the magistrates and actors involved in the combat against financial crime. The interviews conducted with these key players show that financial crime develops and flourishes on the basis of a threefold specificity: a specific motive linked to absolute enrichment without economic foundation, diffuse and imprecise spaces where economic crimes proliferate with total impunity and an intangible weapon in the form of financial information.

Social implications

The private appropriation of financial information leads to the misappropriation of public goods and its capture by private operators, thereby depriving the community of a source of knowledge and expertise.

Originality/value

This paper is based on interviews with key figures in the French judiciary and also French tax officials. A survey in the form of semi-directive interviews was conducted from March to July 2012 with auditors, judicial magistrates and a representative of a large trade union of the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry.
Developing Canadian physician: the quest for leadership effectiveness
Authors: Comber Scott , Wilson Lisette , Crawford Kyle C.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to discern the physicians’ perception of leadership effectiveness in their clinical and non-clinical roles (leadership) by identifying their political skill levels.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 209 Canadian physicians was surveyed using the Political Skills Inventory (PSI) during the period 2012-2014. The PSI was chosen because it assesses leadership effectiveness on four dimensions: social astuteness, interpersonal influence, networking ability and apparent authenticity.

Findings

Physicians in clinical roles’ PSI scores were significantly lower in all four PSI dimensions when compared to all other physicians in non-clinical roles, with the principal difference being in their networking abilities.

Practical implications

More emphasis is needed on educating and training physicians, specifically in the areas of political skills, in current clinical roles if they are to assume leadership roles and be effective.

Originality/value

Although this study is located in Canada, the study design and associated findings may have implications to other areas and countries wanting to increase physician leadership effectiveness. Further, replication of this study in other settings may provide insight into the future design of physician leadership training curriculum.
Quantum localization of classical mechanics
Authors: Batalin Igor A. , Lavrov Peter M.
Published: July 2016

Quantum localization of classical mechanics within the BRST-BFV and BV (or field–antifield) quantization methods are studied. It is shown that a special choice of gauge fixing functions (or BRST-BFV charge) together with the unitary limit leads to Hamiltonian localization in the path integral of the BRST-BFV formalism. In turn, we find that a special choice of gauge fixing functions being proportional to extremals of an initial non-degenerate classical action together with a very special solution of the classical master equation result in Lagrangian localization in the partition function of the BV formalism.
The World Food Economy: A 40 Year Perspective on the Past, and a Look Forward
Authors: Timmer C. Peter
Published: July 2016

What has changed in the world food economy in the 40 years since 1975? The basic answer to that question is that ending hunger has turned out to be a very difficult task. Henry Kissinger stated in 1976, at the first World Food Conference, that “within a decade, no child will go to bed hungry” There would be no hunger within a decade. We failed miserably in that promise and the question then is why? This paper attempts to answer that question.

There are two basic questions: (1) What has changed, and what has remained the same? (2) Why is ending hunger so hard? What has changed, obviously, is an information and communications technological revolution that has radically reduced the transactions costs of doing business. Even poor households can be informed instantly about market prices. What has remained the same is that resource scarcity continues as the dominant theme organizing market activities. Making markets work for the poor is the only path out of hunger and poverty.