bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Forgotten Olefin: A Convenient One‐Pot Cascade Reaction Involving Suzuki—Miyaura and Mizoroki—Heck Couplings to Form (E)‐1,2‐Di(pyren‐1‐yl)ethylene.
Authors: Yamashita Ken‐ichi , Kimura Keisuke , Tazawa Shin , Asano Motoko S. , Sugiura Ken‐ichi
Published: April 2012

Along with the successful olefin metathesis sequence to title compound (IV), a cascade reaction is found.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl 2‐Furoate: An Alternative Reagent to Furan for Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation.
Authors: Fu Hai Yan , Doucet Henri
Published: April 2012

Optimized conditions are developed which allow C‐5 arylation of title compound (II) without in situ decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Oxo‐1,5‐enynes.
Authors: Huguet Nuria , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: April 2012

optimized cyclization conditions are found with gold catalyst CGC to produce the desired terpene subunits with good diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimized Syntheses of the Furan Fatty Acids F5 and F6 Featuring Convertion of a β‐Iodofuran into a β‐Methylfuran in a Single Operation.
Authors: Knight David W. , Smith Andrew W. T.
Published: April 2012

Optimized syntheses of the furan fatty acids F5 (XI) and F6 (XV) are presented which comprise the conversion of the β‐iodofuran (XII) into the β‐methylfuran (XIV) in a single operation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azlactones and Electrophilic Alkenes Catalyzed by Dimeric BinapAuTFA Complexes.
Authors: Martin‐Rodriguez Maria , Najera Carmen , Sansano Jose M.
Published: April 2012

The gold catalyst (I) is highly suitable for the preparation of various optically active pyrrole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Zinc(II) Catalyst System for the Conia‐Ene Reaction of Alkynyl‐Aminomalonates Applicable to 5‐endo‐Dig Reactions.
Authors: Hess Wilfried , Burton Jonathan W.
Published: April 2012

Various nitrogen heterocycles are obtained by zinc(II)‐catalyzed 5‐exo‐dig and 5‐endo‐dig cyclizations of alkynyl‐α‐aminomalonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted‐3‐cyanoindoles.
Authors: Bobko Mark A. , Evans Karen A. , Kaura Arun C. , Shuster Leanna E. , Su Dai‐Shi
Published: April 2012

A three‐step sequence including selective iodination and ring closure with KOtBu via a Modified Madelung reaction yields iodo precursors of type (VI), which can be coupled with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Step Synthesis of Pyrazoles Using Titanium Catalysis.
Authors: Dissanayake Amila A. , Odom Aaron L.
Published: April 2012

The three‐component coupling of terminal alkynes, isonitriles, and monosubstituted hydrazines affords pyrazoles in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfunctional Imidazoles. Part 4. Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4‐chloro‐1‐methyl(aryl)‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carbaldehydes (III)
Authors: Chornous V. A. , Grozav A. N. , Bratenko M. K. , Vovk M. V.
Published: April 2012

via Vilsmeier—Haack reaction of corresponding 2‐aroylaminoacetamide derivatives (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo[1,2‐a]benzimidazole Derivatives. Part 28. Syntheses and Heterocyclizations on the Basis of 1‐Allyl‐2‐aminobenzimidazole.
Authors: Anisimova V. A. , Tolpygin I. E.
Published: April 2012

Addition of HBr to the double bond of benzimidazole derivatives (I) and (VII) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoquinoline‐Mediated S‐Vinylation and N‐Vinylation of Benzo[d]oxazole‐2‐thiol and Benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐thiol.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nasiri‐Gheidari Samira , Mirzaei Anvar
Published: April 2012

When 2‐mercaptobenzimidiazole is used, additional cyclization occurs to yield the tricyclic compound (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reaction of Alkenyl Trichloroacetates with Nitrones.
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Izumiseki Atsuto , Sugita Takuya , Kushihara Naoyuki , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: April 2012

Optically active isoxazolidines are obtained with up to 95% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Copper Metal Catalyst in Click Chemistry: Nanoporosity‐Dependent Activity Without Supports and Bases.
Authors: Jin Tienan , Yan Mei , Menggenbateer Menggenbateer , Minato Taketoshi , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: April 2012

Nanoporous copper with a ligament size of ≈40 nm is highly efficient for the addition of azides to alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Arylhydrazonoacetamidoximes with Orthoesters.
Authors: Belskaya N. P. , Koksharov A. V. , Lesogorova S. G. , Slepukhin P. A. , Bakulev V. A.
Published: April 2012

Depending on the reactant structure, 3‐arylhydrazono‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles or 1,2,3‐triazoles are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′(1H′)‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol]‐2‐one Derivatives by Grinding.
Authors: Liu Ying , Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min
Published: April 2012

The reaction proceeds by simple grinding under ambient conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Annulation of Bromoenal and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Sun Fang‐Gang , Sun Li‐Hui , Ye Song
Published: April 2012

In the presence of base and the salts (I), bromoenals undergo cycloaddition with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to afford optically active dihydropyranones.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Me3SiI‐Promoted [4 + 2] Annulation and Reduction: An Efficient Approach to Construct 4H‐Benzopyrans.
Authors: Wang Feijun , Qu Mingliang , Chen Feng , Li Li , Shi Min
Published: April 2012

A cascade reaction of salicylic aldehydes with β‐dicarbonyl compounds affords 4H‐benzopyrans in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: KAl(SO4)2·12H2O as a Recyclable Lewis Acid Catalyst for Synthesis of Spirooxindoles in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Oskooie Hossein A. , Heravi Majid M. , Karimi Narges , Hamidi Hoda
Published: April 2012

The work‐up procedure is easy and the catalyst can be recycled.
ChemInform Abstract: Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate as an Efficient and Cheap Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2‐Aminochromenes
Authors: Meng Xin‐Ying , Wang Hong‐Juan , Wang Chun‐Ping , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: April 2012

via one‐pot, three‐component reaction of naphthols with aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile under solvent‐free conditions
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 4H‐Chromenes by Three‐Component Reaction of Alkyl Isocyanides, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates, and N‐Aryl‐3‐hydroxynapthalene‐2‐carboxamide.
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Ghasemi Maryam
Published: April 2012

The reactive intermediate generated by the reaction of alkyl isocyanides and acetylenedicarboxylates is trapped by carboxamide (I) yielding substituted 4H‐chromenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reaction of ortho‐Piperidinobenzaldehydes with Pyrazolone.
Authors: Platonova A. Yu. , Deeva E. V. , Zimovets O. A. , Shatunova D. V. , El'tsov O. S. , Slepukhin P. A. , Glukhareva T. V. , Morzherin Yu. Yu.
Published: April 2012

The title reaction proceeds as a tandem Knoevenagel condensation/tert‐amino effect cyclization to furnish spiro‐compounds (III) in a stereoselective fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano[4,3‐b]quinolinones from 2‐Alkynyl‐3‐formylquinolines via Oxidative 6‐endo‐dig Ring Closure.
Authors: Roy Priyabrata , Ghorai Binay K.
Published: April 2012

The utility of NaClO2/H2O2 for the oxidative cyclization of 3‐formylquinolines and pyrazine (V) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Convergent, Regioselective Synthesis of Annulated Quinoline and Pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Nandi Raj Kumar , Ponra Sudipta
Published: April 2012

A convenient and high‐yielding protocol is presented for the reaction of substrates of type (I) and (IV) with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Using Amidines as Their Ene‐1,1‐diamine Tautomers. Part 4. Synthesis of N‐Bridged Heterocycles 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐6‐ones and Methyl 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ylideneacetates.
Authors: Ihara Shogo , Soma Takashi , Yano Daigo , Aikawa Shunichi , Yoshida Yasuhiko
Published: April 2012

The C‐alkylation of 2‐benzyl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidines (I) by ethyl benzoylacetate and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, respectively, is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed, Multicomponent, One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐5,8‐dihydrotetrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐7‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Zeng Li‐Yan , Ren Yi‐Ming , Cai Chun
Published: April 2012

Other Lewis acid catalysts such as ferric chloride and cupric bromide are also effective while stannic chloride fails to provide the desired product.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicyanopyrazine‐Containing Fused Aromatic Molecules: Potential n‐Type Materials for Use in Optoelectronic Devices.
Authors: Li Qing , Li Jiuyan , Ren Huicai , Gao Zhanxian , Liu Di
Published: April 2012

Both compounds (III) exhibit bright blue fluorescence and have remarkable high EA and IP values.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen‐Bridged Neutral Annulenes: A Novel Class of Materials for Organic Field Effect Transistors.
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Virk Tarunpreet Singh , Zhang Jing , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: April 2012

New, neutral, meso‐substituted aromatic annulenes (III) are synthesized via a two‐step procedure starting from dialdehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur as a Bridge: Synthesis of Medium Rings via a Bicyclic Sulfonium Ion.
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Xing Yanpeng , Liu Le , Hong Junjie
Published: April 2012

A simple and efficient method to prepare various medium‐sized ring systems is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Selective Approach to Unsymmetrical Siloxanes and Germasiloxanes via O‐Metalation of Silanols with 2‐Methylallylsilanes and 2‐Methylallylgermanes.
Authors: Hreczycho Grzegorz , Pawluc Piotr , Marciniec Bogdan
Published: April 2012

Scandium triflate is an efficient catalyst for the selective O‐germylation and O‐silylation of silanols (I) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Selective Hydrosilylation of Aryl Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Chouthaiwale Pandurang V. , Rawat Varun , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: April 2012

It is demonstrated that Pd(O‐Ac)2 is an efficient catalyst for the hydrosilylation of various aryl ketones and aldehydes in DMF.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Monosubstituted Arylferrocenes Using PEG‐1000 as Phase‐Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Chen Shufeng , An Zhicheng , Guo Ye , Li Baoguo
Published: April 2012

A new approach for the synthesis of monosubstituted arylferrocenes is based on the coupling of aryldiazonium salts with ferrocene using PEG‐1000 as an efficient phase‐transfer catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward and Facile Approach Toward the N‐Derivatization of Pyroglutamates Through Mitsunobu Reaction: Synthesis of N‐Alkyl/N‐Acyl Pyroglutamates.
Authors: Panday Sharad Kumar , Prasad Jagdish , Pathak Manoher Bhushan
Published: April 2012

A simple and efficient methodology for the N‐alkylation/N‐acylation of pyroglutamate under Mitsunobu conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile N‐Urethane‐Protected α‐Amino/Peptide Thioacid Preparation Using EDC and Na2S.
Authors: Vishwanatha T. M. , Samarasimhareddy M. , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: April 2012

A simple protocol allows the conversion of α‐amino acid derivatives into the corresponding thioacid derivatives without epimerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Arylglycine Derivatives by Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Imines.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Takahashi Yoshinori , Kurihara Kazunori , Miyaura Norio
Published: April 2012

A variety of arylglycine derivatives (III) and (V) is prepared by Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids towards imino ester (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐b][1,5]oxazepines by Ring Closure of O‐Glycosyl Amino Acids.
Authors: Khodair Ahmed I. , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: April 2012

Selective addition of N‐Boc‐protected (L)‐serine ester (II) to tribenzyloxy‐2‐nitrogalactal (I) results in the formation of α‐galactoside (III) possessing two new stereogenic centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐2′‐deoxyuridine Nucleosides via a Liebeskind Cross‐Coupling Methodology.
Authors: Koegler Martin , De Jonghe Steven , Herdewijn Piet
Published: April 2012

The base‐sensitive protected nucleoside (I) is successfully coupled with boronic acids using the base‐free Liebeskind cross‐coupling methodology to afford 6‐substituted derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Concurrent Pathways in the Phase Transitions of Alloys and Oxides: Towards an Unified Vision of Inorganic Solids
Authors: Vegas Angel
Published: April 2012

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Asymmetric Phosphine‐Promoted Annulations of Allenes with Electron‐Deficient Olefins and Imines
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Yi , Lian Zhong , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2012

Review: synthesis of cyclopentanes, pyrroles, pyridines etc.; 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Synthesis of the Post‐Secodine Indole Alkaloids. Part 3. Rearranged Alkaloid Types
Authors: Hajicek Josef
Published: April 2012

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Similarities and Differences Between the “Relativistic” Triad Gold, Platinum, and Mercury in Catalysis
Authors: Leyva‐Perez Antonio , Corma Avelino
Published: April 2012

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeted Drugs by Olefin Metathesis: Piperidine‐Based Iminosugars.
Authors: Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Demonceau Albert
Published: April 2012

Review: [ca. 100 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Radical Organic Syntheses.
Authors: McBurney Roy T. , Portela‐Cubillo Fernando , Walton John C.
Published: April 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing Mechanochemical Effects with Ultrasound‐Induced Reactions
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Cintas Pedro
Published: April 2012

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arynes in Transition‐Metal‐Free Multicomponent Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bhojgude Sachin Suresh , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: April 2012

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerenes as Neutral Carbon‐Based Lewis Acids
Authors: Iglesias‐Sigueenza Javier , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: April 2012

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Learning from “Coffee Rings”: Ordered Structures Enabled by Controlled Evaporative Self‐Assembly
Authors: Han Wei , Lin Zhiqun
Published: April 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Lectin Mimics Artificial Carbohydrate Receptors
Authors: Yang Xiaochuan , Cheng Yunfeng , Wang Binghe
Published: April 2012

Review: 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aspidosperma‐Type Alkaloids
Authors: Lopchuk Justin M.
Published: April 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cylindrospermopsin Alkaloids
Authors: Evans Daniel M. , Murphy Patrick J.
Published: April 2012

Review: 209 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic, Structural, and Physical Aspects of Organo‐Oligogermanes
Authors: Weinert Charles S.
Published: April 2012

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Oriented Syntheses of Conventional Heterocycles by Smart Multi‐Component Reactions (MCRs) of the Last Decade
Authors: Eckert Heiner
Published: April 2012

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems with More than One N Atom
Authors: Yet Larry
Published: April 2012

Review: 388 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Tension of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: Tariq Mohammad , Freire Mara G. , Saramago Benilde , Coutinho Joao A. P. , Canongia Lopes Jose N. , Rebelo Luis Paulo N.
Published: April 2012

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Microwave Heating on the Isothermal Kinetics of Chemicals Reaction and Physicochemical Processes
Authors: Adnadjevic Borivoj , Jovanovic Jelena
Published: April 2012

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Functional Analysis of the Serine Protease from Aeromonas sobria
Authors: Kobayashi Hidetomo
Published: April 2012

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Functions of the Duplicated GGAA‐Motifs in Various Human Promoter Regions
Authors: Uchiumi Fumiaki , Miyazaki Satoru , Tanuma Sei‐ichi
Published: April 2012

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Chemistry — A Key Enabling Technology for (Multistep) Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wegner Jens , Ceylan Sascha , Kirschning Andreas
Published: April 2012

Review: mainly presented for heterocyclic systems including drug development; ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) for Sustainable Energy Production and Product Recovery from Organic Wastes and Industrial Wastewaters.
Authors: Pant Deepak , Singh Anoop , Van Bogaert Gilbert , Olsen Stig Irving , Nigam Poonam Singh , Diels Ludo , Vanbroekhoven Karolien
Published: April 2012

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Polymeric Nanoreactors to Artificial Organelles
Authors: Peters Ruud J. R. W. , Louzao Iria , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: April 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Reaction Intermediates by Ion Spectroscopy
Authors: Roithova Jana
Published: April 2012

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Resonance Scattering Particles as Biolgical Nanosenors in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Yang , Jing Chao , Zhang Lei , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: April 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Studies of Alkali Metal Ions in Organic and Biological Solids
Authors: Wu Gang , Zhu Jianfeng
Published: April 2012

Review: 573 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Stability Studies of Carbapenems
Authors: Cielecka‐Piontek Judyta , Michalska Katarzyna , Zalewski Przemyslaw , Jelinska Anna
Published: April 2012

Review: 80 refs.
Scalable Equipment for Process Development
Authors: Kockmann Norbert
Published: April 2012

Das Hochskalieren von Prozessen ist die Erhöhung der Durchsatzmenge oder der Produktionskapazität eines chemischen Prozesses unter vergleichbaren Prozessbedingungen. Der Einsatz und die Scale‐up‐Strategie von kontinuierlich betriebenen mikrostrukturierten und konventionellen Rohrreaktoren werden beschrieben. Dimensionslose Kennzahlen zur Strömung und die Energiedissipation im Mischkanal bestimmen die Vermischung und den Wärmeübergang. Kinetische Parameter exothermer Reaktionen werden vorgestellt, die das sichere Hochskalieren mit verändertem Wärmeübergang beschreiben. Insgesamt wird das Hochskalieren durch modular aufgebaute Apparate erleichtert, die mithilfe der Plattformstrategie auf verschiedenen Niveaus des Durchsatzes oder anderer Prozessparameter konzipiert werden. Ein Beispiel erläutert das Hochskalieren eines pharmazeutischen Prozesses bis in den Tonnen‐Maßstab.
50 % Idea: Modularization in Process Design
Authors: Bramsiepe Christian , Schembecker Gerhard
Published: April 2012

Im Rahmen der 50 %‐Idee stellt die Modularisierung einen zentralen Ansatz zur Beschleunigung der Projektdurchlaufzeiten dar. In diesem Zusammenhang werden zunächst verschiedene Sichtweisen auf die Modularisierung bei der Planung chemischer Produktionsanlagen beschrieben. Es werden drei Modultypen eingeführt und deren Einfluss auf den Planungsprozess dargelegt. Abschließend werden die Vorteile eines modularisierten Planungsprozesses im Gesamtkonzept der 50 %‐Idee diskutiert und erforderliche Forschungsarbeiten umrissen.
Effects of brief stress exposure during early postnatal development in balb/CByJ mice: I. Behavioral characterization
Authors: Hohmann Christine F. , Hodges Amber , Beard Nakia , Aneni Justin
Published: April 2012

Early life stress has been linked to the etiology of mental health disorders. Rodent models of neonatal maternal separation stress frequently have been used to explore the long‐term effects of early stress on changes in affective and cognitive behaviors. However, most current paradigms risk metabolic deprivation, due to prolonged periods of pup removal from the dam. We have developed a new paradigm in Balb/CByJ mice, that combines very brief periods of maternal separation with temperature stress to avoid the confound of nutritional deficiencies. We have also included a within‐litter control group of pups that are not removed from the dam. The present experiments provide an initial behavioral characterization of this new model. We show that neonatally stressed mice display increased anxiety and aggression along with increased locomotion but decreased exploratory behavior. In contrast, littermate controls show increased exploration of novelty, compared to age‐matched, colony‐reared controls. Behavioral changes in our briefly stressed mice substantially concur with the existing literature, except that we were unable to observe any cognitive deficits in our paradigm. However, we show that within litter control pups also sustain behavioral changes suggesting complex and long‐lasting interactions between different environmental factors in early postnatal life. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 283–293, 2013
Neural stem cells, adult neurogenesis, and galectin‐1: From bench to bedside
Authors: Sakaguchi Masanori , Okano Hideyuki
Published: April 2012

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain have been a consistent focus of biomedical research largely because of their potential clinical application. To fully exploit this potential, the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSCs must be clarified. Several lines of evidence show that a multifunctional protein, Galectin‐1, is expressed and has a functional role in a subset of adult NSCs. Researchers, including our group, have explored the physiological role of Galectin‐1 in NSCs and its application in the treatment of animal models of neurological disorders such as brain ischemia and spinal cord injury. Here, we summarize what is currently known regarding the role of Galectin‐1 in adult NSCs. Furthermore, we discuss current issues in researching the role of Galectin‐1 in adult NSCs under both physiological and pathological conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 1059–1067, 2012
A fight for survival: The challenges faced by a newborn neuron integrating in the adult hippocampus
Authors: Bergami Matteo , Berninger Benedikt
Published: April 2012

The hippocampus is one of the only two regions in the adult mammalian brain endowed with life‐long neurogenesis. Yet this adult neurogenesis is a challenging process as newborn neurons face several times life‐and‐death decisions while in the process of stably integrating into a pre‐existing network. Here we describe the morphological and physiological changes a young neuron experiences during its first few weeks of life of stepwise integration into the circuit. This process is competitive in nature, with only few of the newly generated neurons being awarded with a grant of survival. Although the underlying mechanisms are far from being understood, evidence suggests that this competition for stable integration and survival amongst cohorts of newborn neurons occurs to large degree on a synaptic level and may involve specific patterns of neural activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 1016–1031, 2012
Hox‐mediated regulation of doublesex sculpts sex‐specific abdomen morphology in Drosophila
Authors: Wang Wei , Yoder John H.
Published: April 2012

Background: Hox transcription factors are deeply conserved proteins that guide development through regulation of diverse target genes. Furthermore, alteration in Hox target cis‐regulation has been proposed as a major mechanism of animal morphological evolution. Crucial to understanding how homeotic genes sculpt the developing body and contribute to the evolution of form is identification and characterization of regulatory targets. Because target specificity is achieved through physical or genetic interactions with cofactors or co‐regulators, characterizing interactions between homeotic genes and regulatory partners is also critical. In Drosophila melanogaster, sexually dimorphic abdominal morphology results from sex‐specific gene regulation mediated by the Hox protein Abdominal‐B (Abd‐B) and products of the sex‐determination gene doublesex (dsx). Together these transcription factors regulate numerous sex‐specific characters, including pigmentation, cuticle morphology, and abdominal segment number. Results: We show Dsx expression in the developing D. melanogaster pupal abdomen is spatiotemporally dynamic, correlating with segments that undergo sexually dimorphic morphogenesis. Furthermore, our genetic analyses show Dsx expression is Abd‐B dependent. Conclusions: Doublesex and Abd‐B are not only requisite co‐regulators of sexually dimorphic abdominal morphology. We propose that dsx is itself a transcriptional target of Abd‐B. These data present a testable hypothesis about the evolution of sexually dimorphic segment number in Diptera. Developmental Dynamics 241:1076–1090, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction of Vanadium with Iron and Antimony at 870 and 1070 K
Authors: Romaka Vitaliy V. , Romaka Lyubov , Stadnyk Yuriy , Gvozdetskii Volodymyr , Gladyshevskii Roman , Skryabina Nathaliya , Melnychenko Nathaliya , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler Thomas
Published: April 2012

The isothermal sections of the phase diagram of the V–Fe–Sb ternary system have been constructed at 870 and 1070 K by means of X‐ray and electron‐probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analyses over the whole concentration range. The existence of the one ternary phase, VFeSb, with MgAgAs‐ and Ni2In‐type structures was observed at 870 and 1070 K, respectively. The solid solution formed based on the binary Fe2–xSb (Ni2In‐type) compound reaches up to 12 at.‐% of V at 870 K and 40 at.‐% at 1070 K, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and electronic structure calculations showed the absence of a VFeSb polymorph phase transition and indicate that the hexagonal phase is part of the VyFe2–xSb solid solution.
Synthesis of Amines from Alcohols in a Nonepimerizing One‐Pot Sequence – Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds: Cinacalcet and Dexoxadrol
Authors: Guérin Claire , Bellosta Véronique , Guillamot Gérard , Cossy Janine
Published: April 2012

A general, mild, and chemoselective one‐pot oxidation/imine‐iminium formation/nucleophilic addition sequence allowing the N‐alkylation of amines by alcohols is described. This metal‐free, one‐pot sequence produced a wide variety of amines in good yields and diastereoselectivities, without the epimerization of the enantioenriched amines or alcohols involved in the process. This method was applied to the syntheses of the biologically active compounds cinacalcet and dexoxadrol.
Genomic instability in chronic renal failure patients
Authors: Sandoval Silvia B. , Pastor Susana , Stoyanova Elitsa , Rodríguez‐Ribera Lara , García‐Quispes Wilser A. , Coll Elisabet , Reyes Joselyn , Andrés Enrique , Ballarin José , Marcos Ricard
Published: April 2012

Patients suffering chronic renal failure (CRF) exhibit a high incidence of cancer, as well as high levels of genetic damage. We hypothesized that these patients show genomic instability as measured by increased radiosensitivity to the induction of genetic damage. The background levels of genetic damage and the net genetic damage after in vitro irradiation with 0.5 Gy were analyzed using the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 174 CRF patients and 53 controls. The net radiation‐induced genetic damage was significantly higher in CRF patients with respect to controls. Among CRF patients, the levels of genetic damage were higher in those with prior incidence of cancer than in those without cancer; in addition, those CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis presented with higher levels of genetic damage than those in the advanced Stages (4–5) of the pathology. A positive association was observed between basal and net micronucleus frequency among CFR patients. However, no association was found between net genetic damage and parameters linked to the different stages of the pathology, such as urine creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate. Our results indicate that CRF patients show increased radiosensitivity and that the degree of radiosensitivity is associated with the progression of the pathological stage of the disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using video-tracking to assess sublethal effects of pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Teeters Bethany S. , Johnson Reed M. , Ellis Marion D. , Siegfried Blair D.
Published: April 2012

Concern about the role of pesticides in honey bee decline has highlighted the need to examine the effects of sublethal exposure on bee behaviors. The video-tracking system EthoVisionXT (Noldus Information Technologies) was used to measure the effects of sublethal exposure to tau-fluvalinate and imidacloprid on honey bee locomotion, interactions, and time spent near a food source over a 24-h observation period. Bees were either treated topically with 0.3, 1.5, and 3 µg tau-fluvalinate or exposed to 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, 50, and 500 ppb imidacloprid in a sugar agar cube. Tau-fluvalinate caused a significant reduction in distance moved at all dose levels (p < 0.05), as did 50 and 500 ppb imidacloprid (p < 0.001). Bees exposed to 50 and 500 ppb spent significantly more time near the food source than control bees (p < 0.05). Interaction time decreased as time in the food zone increased for both chemicals. This study documents that video-tracking of bee behavior can enhance current protocols for measuring the effects of pesticides on honey bees at sublethal levels. It may provide a means of identifying problematic compounds for further testing. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1349–1354. © 2012 SETAC
Ranking ecological risks of multiple chemical stressors on amphibians
Authors: Fedorenkova Anastasia , Vonk J. Arie , Lenders H. J. Rob , Creemers Raymond C.M. , Breure Anton M. , Hendriks A. Jan
Published: April 2012

Populations of amphibians have been declining worldwide since the late 1960s. Despite global concern, no studies have quantitatively assessed the major causes of this decline. In the present study, species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were developed to analyze the sensitivity of anurans for ammonium, nitrate, heavy metals (cadmium, copper), pesticides (18 compounds), and acidification (pH) based on laboratory toxicity data. Ecological risk (ER) was calculated as the probability that a measured environmental concentration of a particular stressor in habitats where anurans were observed would exceed the toxic effect concentrations derived from the species sensitivity distributions. The assessment of ER was used to rank the stressors according to their potential risk to anurans based on a case study of Dutch freshwater bodies. The derived ERs revealed that threats to populations of anurans decreased in the sequence of pH, copper, diazinon, ammonium, and endosulfan. Other stressors studied were of minor importance. The method of deriving ER by combining field observation data and laboratory data provides insight into potential threats to species in their habitats and can be used to prioritize stressors, which is necessary to achieve effective management in amphibian conservation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1416–1421. © 2012 SETAC
Beta oscillations relate to the N400m during language comprehension
Authors: Wang Lin , Jensen Ole , van den Brink Danielle , Weder Nienke , Schoffelen Jan‐Mathijs , Magyari Lilla , Hagoort Peter , Bastiaansen Marcel
Published: April 2012

The relationship between the evoked responses (ERPs/ERFs) and the event‐related changes in EEG/MEG power that can be observed during sentence‐level language comprehension is as yet unclear. This study addresses a possible relationship between MEG power changes and the N400m component of the event‐related field. Whole‐head MEG was recorded while subjects listened to spoken sentences with incongruent (IC) or congruent (C) sentence endings. A clear N400m was observed over the left hemisphere, and was larger for the IC sentences than for the C sentences. A time–frequency analysis of power revealed a decrease in alpha and beta power over the left hemisphere in roughly the same time range as the N400m for the IC relative to the C condition. A linear regression analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between N400m and beta power for the IC condition, not for the C condition. No such linear relation was found between N400m and alpha power for either condition. The sources of the beta decrease were estimated in the LIFG, a region known to be involved in semantic unification operations. One source of the N400m was estimated in the left superior temporal region, which has been related to lexical retrieval. We interpret our data within a framework in which beta oscillations are inversely related to the engagement of task‐relevant brain networks. The source reconstructions of the beta power suppression and the N400m effect support the notion of a dynamic communication between the LIFG and the left superior temporal region during language comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of natural killer‐cell and dendritic‐cell apoptotic tumoricidal activity in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Baskic Dejan , Vujanovic Lazar , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Whiteside Theresa L. , Myers Eugene N. , Vujanovic Nikola L.
Published: April 2012

Background

Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) mediate tumor cell apoptosis using tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands (TNFSFLs). This cytotoxicity is an important anticancer immune defense mechanism.

Methods

We examined TNFSFL expression and apoptotic tumoricidal activity (ATA) of purified NK cells and DCs, and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMLs) of healthy individuals and patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) before and after cancer ablation.

Results

PBMLs, NK cells and DCs, but not NK‐cell/DC‐depleted PBMLs, expressed multiple TNFSFLs and mediated ATA. Both TNFSFL expression and ATA were suppressed in tumor‐bearing, and restored in tumor‐ablated patients with (HNC) Soluble TNF superfamily receptors (solTNFSFRs) were increasingly bound by PBNLs of tumor‐bearing HNC patients. Dissociation of solTNFSFR led to more pronounced increases in TNFSFL expression and ATA of PBMLs of patients with HNC than healthy individuals.

Conclusion

NK‐cell and DC TNFSFL expression and ATA are suppressed in patients with HNC. This suppression is tumor‐dependent and possibly mediated by solTNFSFRs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Higher dietary fructose is associated with impaired hepatic adenosine triphosphate homeostasis in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abdelmalek Manal F. , Lazo Mariana , Horska Alena , Bonekamp Susanne , Lipkin Edward W. , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Bantle John P. , Johnson Richard J. , Diehl Anna Mae , Clark Jeanne M.
Published: April 2012

Fructose consumption predicts increased hepatic fibrosis in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because of its ability to lower hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, habitual fructose consumption could result in more hepatic ATP depletion and impaired ATP recovery. The degree of ATP depletion after an intravenous (IV) fructose challenge test in low- versus high-fructose consumers was assessed. We evaluated diabetic adults enrolled in the Action for Health in Diabetes Fatty Liver Ancillary Study (n = 244) for whom dietary fructose consumption estimated by a 130-item food frequency questionnaire and hepatic ATP measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and uric acid (UA) levels were performed (n = 105). In a subset of participants (n = 25), an IV fructose challenge was utilized to assess change in hepatic ATP content. The relationships between dietary fructose, UA, and hepatic ATP depletion at baseline and after IV fructose challenge were evaluated in low- (<15 g/day) versus high-fructose (≥15 g/day) consumers. High dietary fructose consumers had slightly lower baseline hepatic ATP levels and a greater absolute change in hepatic α-ATP/ inorganic phosphate (Pi) ratio (0.08 versus 0.03;

P

= 0.05) and γ-ATP /Pi ratio after an IV fructose challenge (0.03 versus 0.06;

P

= 0.06). Patients with high UA (≥5.5 mg/dL) showed a lower minimum liver ATP/Pi ratio postfructose challenge (4.5 versus 7.0;

P

= 0.04).

Conclusions:

High-fructose consumption depletes hepatic ATP and impairs recovery from ATP depletion after an IV fructose challenge. Subjects with high UA show a greater nadir in hepatic ATP in response to fructose. Both high dietary fructose intake and elevated UA level may predict more severe hepatic ATP depletion in response to fructose and hence may be risk factors for the development and progression of NAFLD.
Targeting Aurora A kinase activity with the investigational agent alisertib increases the efficacy of cytarabine through a FOXO‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Kelly Kevin R. , Nawrocki Steffan T. , Espitia Claudia M. , Zhang Mengkun , Yang Johnny J. , Padmanabhan Swaminathan , Ecsedy Jeffrey , Giles Francis J. , Carew Jennifer S.
Published: April 2012

Novel therapies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The investigational drug alisertib (MLN8237) is a novel Aurora A kinase inhibitor being studied in multiple Phase I and II studies. We investigated the preclinical efficacy and pharmacodynamics of alisertib in AML cell lines, primary AML cells and mouse models of AML. Here, we report that alisertib disrupted cell viability, diminished clonogenic survival, induced expression of the FOXO3a targets p27 and BIM and triggered apoptosis. A link between Aurora A expression and sensitivity to ara‐C was established, suggesting that Aurora A inhibition may be a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of ara‐C. Accordingly, alisertib significantly potentiated the antileukemic activity of ara‐C in both AML cell lines and primary blasts. Targeted FOXO3a knockdown significantly blunted the pro‐apoptotic effects of the alisertib/ara‐C combination, indicating that it is an important regulator of sensitivity to these agents. In vivo studies demonstrated that alisertib significantly augmented the efficacy of ara‐C without affecting its pharmacokinetic profile and led to the induction of p27 and BIM. Our collective data indicate that targeting Aurora A with alisertib represents a novel approach to increase the efficacy of ara‐C that warrants further investigation.
Next‐generation sequencing fails to identify human virus sequences in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ganzenmueller Tina , Yakushko Yuri , Kluba Jeanette , Henke‐Gendo Cornelia , Gutzmer Ralf , Schulz Thomas F.
Published: April 2012

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) shows a strongly increased incidence in solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs) and AIDS patients, suggesting an infectious etiology. The role of certain viruses, i.e., cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs), in NMSC in immunosuppressed patients remains controversial. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which was recently identified using high‐throughput sequencing, has been linked to cutaneous proliferations. Here, we aimed to identify novel or known viral sequences at the transcript level in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from OTR by using 454 high‐throughput pyrosequencing, which can produce long reads (∼400 bp) and thus is better suited for the analysis of unknown sequences than other sequencing platforms. cDNA libraries from three OTR SCC biopsies were generated and submitted to next‐generation sequencing using a 454 platform. Bioinformatic analysis included digital transcriptome subtraction and—in parallel—reference mapping as an alternative way for depleting human sequences. All control sequences introduced for bioinformatics analysis were recovered correctly. Among 717,029 454‐sequenced transcripts, nearly all identified viral reads were derived from phages. Bacterial sequences originated from the skin flora or environmental sources. Our study did not reveal any transcripts of known oncogenic or related unknown human viruses. These findings suggest that there is no abundant expression of known human viruses, or viruses with a high degree of homology to known human viruses, in cutaneous SCCs of OTR. Further studies are required to exclude the presence of viruses in NMSC, which cannot easily be identified on the basis of sequence homology to known viruses.
Iron enhances generation of fibrin fibers in human blood: Implications for pathogenesis of stroke
Authors: Lipinski Boguslaw , Pretorius Etheresia , Oberholzer Hester Magdalena , Van Der Spuy Wendy Jeanette
Published: April 2012

Stroke is associated with the intracerebral formation of fibrin clots which may lead to irreversible brain damage. Thrombolytic therapies employ a variety of natural and/or recombinant plasminogen activators to initiate fibrinolytic degradation of cerebral thrombi. However, such therapies when installed beyond 4‐ to 6‐h window, may fail to achieve the expected outcome. This is due to the hydroxyl radical‐induced modification of fibrin(ogen) molecules rendering them refractory to fibrinolytic degradation, but no cause of the increased free radical generation in stroke was offered. Here, we show by means of electron microscopy that iron ions added to human blood dramatically enhances fibrin fibers formation with thrombin, and significantly delays fibrinolysis during spontaneous clotting of native blood. Iron ions caused the appearance dense matted fibrin deposits, similar, if not identical, to those observed in plasma of patients with stroke. These results may explain a known relationship between thrombotic diseases and the increased body concentrations of free iron and/or hemoglobin derivatives. We conclude that any action resulting in the inhibition of hemostatic abnormalities, as well as in the reduction of body free iron and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (e.g., by polyphenols) can potentially prevent pathological reactions associated with consequences of stroke. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1185–1190, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic study of amyloid beta (25–35) peptide exposure to neuronal cells: Impact on APE1/Ref‐1's protein–protein interaction
Authors: Mantha Anil K. , Dhiman Monisha , Taglialatela Giulio , Perez‐Polo Regino J. , Mitra Sankar
Published: April 2012

The genotoxic, extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) protein and subsequent neuronal cell death are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). APE1/Ref‐1, the predominant apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease and essential in eukaryotic cells, plays a central role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway for repairing oxidized and alkylated bases and single‐strand breaks (SSBs) in DNA. APE1/Ref‐1 is also involved in the redox activation of several trans‐acting factors (TFs) in various cell types, but little is known about its role in neuronal functions. There is emerging evidence for APE1/Ref‐1's role in neuronal cells vulnerable in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, as reflected in its nuclear accumulation in AD brains. An increase in APE1/Ref‐1 has been shown to enhance neuronal survival after oxidative stress. To address whether APE1/Ref‐1 level or its association with other proteins is responsible for this protective effect, we used 2‐D proteomic analyses and identified cytoskeleton elements (i.e., tropomodulin 3, tropomyosin alpha‐3 chain), enzymes involved in energy metabolism (i.e., pyruvate kinase M2, N‐acetyl transferase, sulfotransferase 1c), proteins involved in stress response (i.e., leucine‐rich and death domain, anti‐NGF30), and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotien‐H (hnRNP‐H) as being associated with APE1/Ref‐1 in Aβ(25–35)‐treated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 and human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cell lines, two common neuronal precursor lines used in Aβ neurotoxicity studies. Because the levels of some of these proteins are affected in the brains of AD patients, our study suggests a neuroprotective role for APE1/Ref‐1 via its association with those proteins and modulating their cellular functions during Aβ‐mediated neurotoxicity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the susceptibility of acid‐deamidated wheat gluten to in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis using Raman spectra and free amino acid analysis
Authors: Liao Lan , Wang Qin , Zhao Mou‐ming
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND: The number and surface nature of amino acids (AAs) in substrate proteins available to hydrolytic enzymes are critical. Among them, the micro‐environmental properties of specific AAs in substrates before hydrolysis would probably dominate the susceptibility of substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis. Fundamental knowledge concerning this regard is lacking. The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between the exposure level of AAs in acid‐deamidated wheat gluten and their susceptibilities to in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatin through both high‐performance liquid chromatography and Raman spectra. Wheat gluten deamidated with HCl (HDWG), citric acid (CDWG), succinic acid (SDWG) and acetic acid (ADWG) at the same degree of deamidation under the same heat treatment were chosen as the substrates. Substrate characterisations including degree of hydrolysis, surface hydrophobicity and structural characteristics before hydrolysis, together with analysis of free AAs of the corresponding hydrolysates during hydrolysis, were investigated.

RESULTS: Hydrolysates from SDWG had the highest value for the degree of hydrolysis. The susceptibility of CDWG to pancreatin hydrolysis was the lowest, lower than native wheat gluten (CK) after the initial 36 h. Compared with free AAs, the mole increase profiles of CK, Arg production levelled off in HDWG after 12 h whereas it was inhibited in ADWG. For SDWG, Arg release was dramatically inhibited after 12 h and was replaced by Trp. Investigations using Raman spectra of the micro‐environment of Cys, Trp, Tyr and His and the mole increase trend of them indicated that the exposure level of these amino acids in substrates was positively related to their susceptibilities to pancreatin hydrolysis especially after 24 h of hydrolysis.

CONCLUSION: Deamidation by four acids has a distinct influence on the structural characteristics of wheat gluten substrates. Although the substrates were selected at the same level of deamidation by the same heat treatment, their resultant conformational differences significantly influenced the exposure level of amino acids for binding to enzymes and the susceptibility of substrates to in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, it had an influence on changing enzyme cutting sites of pancreatin. This information will provide a better understanding of specific behaviour of AAs in wheat gluten during enzymatic hydrolysis from a new perspective. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of organic and conventional carrots on intestinal and peripheral immunity
Authors: Roselli Marianna , Finamore Alberto , Brasili Elisa , Capuani Giorgio , Kristensen Hanne L , Micheloni Cristina , Mengheri Elena
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND: Studies on health effects of organic (ORG) products are still limited and often contradictory. We have investigated the impact of ORG and conventional (CV) carrots from two consecutive harvest years on mouse peripheral and intestinal immunity.

RESULTS: Danish carrots (Bolero variety) were grown in three ORG (O1, O2 and O3) and one CV cropping system (D‐CV). Italian carrots (Maestro and Excelso varieties) were grown in one ORG and one CV field for each variety. Immune phenotypes of blood, spleen and intestinal lymphocytes, and cytokine serum levels were analyzed in mice fed the different carrots for 30 days. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in mice fed the Danish carrots. The consumption of the ‘more organic’ O2 and O3 carrots induced some changes in lymphocyte populations, including an increase in regulatory T cells. In Italian carrots more differences between ORG and CV were observed in the first as compared to the second year. No relevant differences were observed in cytokine secretion. PCA showed a clear separation among mice fed the O1, O2, O3 and D‐CV carrots.

CONCLUSIONS: Although a great variability was observed between the two years, an immune stimulation was found after the ORG carrot consumption. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry