bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Biochar Utilization from Local Biomass as a Sustainable Solution in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Mayasari Refita
Published: February 2025

The paper presents an extensive exploration of the utilization of biochar derived from indigenous biomass as a sustainable solution in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The region, abundant in diverse biomass resources, offers substantial prospects for the production and application of biochar. This paper aims to elucidate the accessible biomass reservoirs within the area, expound upon the biochar production process, and study its various applications in overcoming sustainability problems. A comprehensive assessment of existing literature and case studies is conducted to scrutinize the feasibility and impact of biochar application across multiple domains, notably in agriculture, waste management, and environmental conservation. Through this analysis, the study strives to uncover the potential benefits and challenges associated with integrating biochar technology into various facets of West Sumatra's landscape. Furthermore, the paper undertakes an evaluation of the environmental advantages and economic implications attributed to the adoption of biochar technology within the region. This evaluation encompasses discussions on the technology's capacity to curtail greenhouse gas emissions and enhance soil fertility, thereby contributing to the overall ecological balance and agricultural productivity. By identifying key challenges and opportunities, this study endeavors to furnish recommendations targeted at policymakers, stakeholders, and the local community. These recommendations aim to facilitate and encourage the widespread adoption of biochar as a sustainable solution in West Sumatra. Such adoption is envisioned as a pivotal step towards the preserving of the local environment while concurrently fostering socio-economic development within the region. Ultimately, the study seeks to underscore  the potential transformative impact of biochar  technology as a catalyst  for  environmental preservation and sustainable growth in West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Legal Protection for Third Parties Against Actio Pauliana Lawsuits in Bankruptcy Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Luwinanda Aimee Malca , Handayani Otih
Published: February 2025

This research pertains to the legal protection of third parties against lawsuits of Actio Pauliana resulting from losses due to the annulment of legal acts regarding debt payment transfer transactions settled by PT. SINAR MAS MULTIFINANCE. However, it turned out that the assets already paid entered into the bankruptcy estate. The author of this research employs a normative juridical method utilizing the Civil Code and Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations connected with the case under examination, with the aim of understanding the legal protection of third parties as bona fide purchasers according to the legal sources used to analyze Case Number 02/Pdt.Sus/Actio Pauliana/2017/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. The research findings indicate that the resolution has fulfilled the elements within the provisions to settle Actio Pauliana cases in bankruptcy scenarios; however, the execution of the bankruptcy estate cannot be carried out by the commercial court as it falls within the jurisdiction of the District Court. The third-party fulfills the element of being a bona fide purchaser by making payment according to market value, unaware that the purchased goods were assets of the bankruptcy estate. Therefore, legal remedies that can be pursued include filing for Cassation and Judicial Review (PK). Suppose the third party fails in these legal processes. In that case, compensation shall be awarded in accordance with Article 49 paragraph (4) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning bankruptcy and PKPU becoming part of the creditors of PT. SUMBER URIP SEJATI UTAMA as concurrent creditors.
Tanggungjawab Hukum Direksi Atas Kelalain Perusahaan Yang Mengakibatkan Kebakaran Hutan Di Wilayah Perkebunan (Studi Kasus PT Wana Subur Sawit Indah)
Authors: Fahlevi Muhammad Reza Syah , Saputra Rahmat , Syahruddin Erwin
Published: February 2025

Hutan merupakan sumber penghidupan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat kini semakin langka. Akibat alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, luas hutan terus berkurang dari tahun ke tahun. Kebanyakan pelaku kebakaran hutan adalah perusahaan/ korporasi yang membuka lahan untuk memperluas area perkebunannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertanggung jawaban pidana direksi atas kelalaian perusahaan yang mengakibatkan kebakaran hutan dan pertimbangan hukum hakim mengesampingkan pertanggungjawaban direksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan melalui perundang – undangan, kasus dan konseptual. Metode pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa  Pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dibidang lingkungan hidup dikenakan kepada badan hukum dan pengurusnya (direktur, manager, pemegang saham dan komisaris) secara bersama – sama apabila kegiatan usaha korporasi menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup dan pertimbangan hukum hakim mengesampingkan pertanggungjawaban direksi dikarenakan tidak terbuktinya kesalahan direksi, untuk itu pertanggungjawaban pidana dibebankan kepada korporasi.
Uloga odvojenog prikupljanja biootpada u održivom razvoju
Authors: List Marko , Djedović Ivana
Published: February 2025

Neodgovarajuće upravljanje biootpadom povećava količinu miješanog otpada, opterećenje odlagališta i emisije stakleničkih plinova. Ovaj rad analizira učinkovitost sustava odvojenog prikupljanja biootpada u Daruvaru, koji smanjuje količinu otpada na odlagalištima i povećava upotrebu biootpada za kompostiranje, čime se smanjuje potreba za mineralnim gnojivima. Građani odvajaju biootpad putem odgovarajućih spremnika i biorazgradivih vrećica, a prikupljeni otpad se transportira u kompostanu u Popovači, gdje prolazi proces aerobne fermentacije. Sustav je smanjio miješani otpad za 42,57 %, dok je prikupljeni biootpad porastao za 1800 %. Kompostiranje smanjuje opterećenje okoliša i osigurava resurse za poljoprivredu.
Hrvatsko tržište piva
Authors: Mesić Željka , Petljak Kristina , Tomić Maksan Marina
Published: February 2025

Cilj rada je pregled i analiza hrvatskog tržišta piva temeljem ključnih tržišnih pokazatelja, kao što su proizvodnja, uvoz, izvoz i ukupna potrošnja piva. Najveći lideri na hrvatskom tržištu piva su Zagrebačka pivovara, Heineken Hrvatska i Carlsberg Croatia, dok ostatak tržišta čine manje pivovare i craft pivovare, čiji udio i broj zaposlenih raste. Unatoč stabilnosti u strukturi tržišta, ukupna proizvodnja piva u 2023. pala je u odnosu na prethodnu godinu za 14 %. U vanjskotrgovinskoj razmjeni bilježi se rast vrijednosti uvoza u 2023. godini na 57 milijuna eura te izvoza na 53 milijuna eura, pri čemu su ključni izvozni partneri Bosna i Hercegovina i Slovenija, dok najviše piva uvozimo iz Slovenije i Njemačke. U 2023. godini potrošnja piva u Hrvatskoj pala je na 75 litara po stanovniku, što se može pripisati ekonomskim pritiscima, uključujući inflaciju i više cijene piva. U 2023. godini samodostatnost u proizvodnji piva iznosi 101 %. Unatoč izazovima, tržište piva pokazuje potencijal za daljnji razvoj kroz inovacije, jačanje izvoza i prilagodbu potrošačkim trendovima.
Transfer of Knowledge and Technology
Authors: Koka Mimoza
Published: February 2025

A transfer of knowledge and technology is a process of dissemination of scientific research outcomes and technological advancements to the economy. This paper’s purpose is to assess a current state of knowledge and technology transfer in the Albanian economy at a macroeconomic level. To achieve this goal, several objectives are outlined: the presentation of theories concerning the transfer of knowledge and technology and the state of this process in Albania during a transition period. To achieve the objectives, statistical data from the Institute of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the like, were used. The data were analyzed while applying a method of descriptive statistical analysis. In 2023, the funds allocated by the Government for scientific research amounted to 0.08% of the GDP, but it was still low if compared to the Government’s objective. So, it is concluded that the Government’s vision is limited and does not fully consider an innovation potential in the strategic sectors. Thus, the Government must identify the most important sectors in which the improvements in technology and innovation can have an impact on the restructuralization of Albanian economy, create a complete and harmonious corpus of statistical data, increase the fund for scientific research, and improve a legal framework of this process.
Sustav prijenosa znanja i inovacija u poljoprivredi (AKIS) u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Kovačićek Tihana , Zrakić Sušac Magdalena
Published: February 2025

Uspješna poljoprivredna proizvodnja nije moguća bez transfera znanja od istraživača do poljoprivrednika. Ključnu ulogu u tom lancu ima učinkovit sustav prijenosa znanja i inovacija u poljoprivredi (AKIS). Aktualno programsko razdoblje Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike (2023. – 2027.) velik naglasak stavlja na veću upotrebu znanja i inovacija, tj. na jačanje AKIS sustava. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi karakteristike AKIS sustava u Hrvatskoj. Za potrebe rada analizirani su objavljeni radovi (u otvorenom pristupu) koji se bave AKIS-om u Hrvatskoj. Neke od karateristika AKIS-a su fragmentiranost i utjecaj javnih tijela; nedostatak značajnih istraživanja i inovacija te nedostatak suradnje među dionicima.
Podizanje svijesti o klimatskim promjenama u okviru projekta „Inicijativa za pametnu ekološku poljoprivredu“
Authors: Topljak Danijel , Kantar Sandra , Svržnjak Kristina
Published: February 2025

Cilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj projekta „Inicijativa za pametnu ekološku poljoprivredu“ na podizanje svijesti zajednice o problemu klimatskih promjena u kontekstu poljoprivrede i održivog razvoja. U radu su korištene primarne i sekundarne metode koje uključuju prikupljanje podataka putem ankete, obradu, analizu i prikaz podataka u vremenskom slijedu projektnih aktivnosti. Realizirane aktivnosti projekta, koje su osmišljene s ciljem educiranja poljoprivrednika i stanovništva, poticanja aktivnog sudjelovanja u rješavanju ekoloških problema te primjene konkretnih mjera za ublažavanje utjecaja klimatskih promjena kroz primjenu pametne ekološke poljoprivrede, govore u prilog uspješnog podizanja svijesti o klimatskim promjenama u kontekstu pametne ekološke poljoprivrede.
Análisis económico-funcional del sistema sanitario de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco
Authors:   Economista, Ipiña Abuin Alejandro , Ugarte Barcina Maite ,   Médico
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo describe el sistema sanitario del País Vasco encarcándolo entre los diferentes modelos sanitarios existentes en los países del área. Pasa después a analizar las causas que subyacen en el crecimiento de los diferentes tipos de asistencia sanitaria y que incidirán en la demanda futura. El núcleo central del trabajo se dedica a evaluar los recursos empleados y los outputs obtenidos -mediante indicadores- en las seis grandes funciones en que se han dividido los servicios sanitarios: asistencia hospitalaria, extrahospítalaria, farmacia, etc. Por último, se realiza una estimación del gasto total sanitario en la C.A.P. V. y su financiación. Se incorporan unos interesantes cuadros donde se puede apreciar el tipo de financiación de cada función sanitaria y el papel que desempeñan el sector público y privado en los diferentes campos sanitarios.
La Euro-Región Atlántica: una estrategia de desarrollo para el País Vasco
Authors:   Gobierno Vasco, Atienza Serna Luis
Published: February 2025

El nuevo escenario económico que se está forjando en Europa obliga a diseñar estrategias de desarrollo que desbordan el ámbíto regional para adentrarse en el de la cooperación multirregional. Una estrategia de este tipo es la que se propone para la Euro-región Atlántica, como vía para la recuperación del dinamismo económico de las regiones que la integran.
Las áreas funcionales y las estrategias de ordenación territorial. El caso del País Vasco
Authors:   Gobierno Vasco, Vergara Alfonso
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es señalar algunos de los principales aspectos conceptuales que están orientando en la actualidad la redacción de las Directrices para la Ordenación del Territorio del País Vasco. Se trata de una de las primeras experiencias que se están llevando a cabo en España después de que la entrada en vigor de la Constitución Española y de los diferentes Estatutos de Autonomía otorgaran a las Comunidades Autónomas competencias suficientes para emprender este tipo de trabajos sobre la ordenación de sus respectivos ámbitos territoriales.
El desarrollo económico local
Authors:   Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Farto José Manuel
Published: February 2025

En el artículo proponemos el D.E.L. como concepto integrador de la planificación territorial y urbana y de la planificación económica. La operatividad de este concepto requiere condiciones políticas previas, que pueden presumiese en un re-equilibrio de los poderes públicos (C.EE., Estados, regiones y municipios) con el objetivo de acercar e integrar al ciudadano en el ejercicio del poder. Sostenemos la opinión de que es necesario introducir la lógica económica en los planes de urbanismo y ordenacíón del territorio y la lógica espacial en la planificación económica. Una auténtica transformación sería la integración de estos dos procesos de planificación.
Análisis comparado de modos de gestión y ordenación urbanística de áreas industriales
Authors:   Economista, Gómez Pérez Amaia
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo pretende presentar algunas de las pautas seguidas en el área de la gestión y ordenación urbanística de espacios industriales, tomando para ello como marcos de referencia a la CAPV, Región Metropolitana de Madrid y algunos países de la CEE. El prímer apartado transmite unas ideas previas que condicionan y orientan el tema que nos ocupa. En el segundo se abordan experiencias concretas en el territorio de la CAPV, como puedan ser el Programa Industrialdeak, Programa Elkartegiak y Parque Tecnológico que ilustran el enfoque que se le está dando en la actualidad a la gestión y ordenación de los espacios industriales que abarcan. Para la Región Metropolitana de Madrid más que presentar experiencias se realiza un diagnóstico de sus actuaciones y se recogen las propuestas presentadas por la Consejería de Política Territorial. A continuación se describe la normativa vigente y aplicaciones que siguen algunos países como Francia, Reino Unido, República Federal Alemana e Italia. El cierre del artículo lo configuran algunas conclusiones derivadas del tratamiento del tema.
Qur'anic Ecofeminism: The Solution of Environmental Crisis
Authors: Atssania Zahroh  , Mimi Suhayati
Published: February 2025

This Qur'anic ecofeminism proposal is important because it can identify the cause of the environmental crisis from its very root: the concept of dualism. This qualitative research will employ Iceberg and U Theories to analyze that widespread concept. Hence, the present work aims to uncover the equilibrium between human beings and the environment inherent in the Qur’an and find its relevance to the wisdom tradition concept of Sachiko Murata. Our research concludes that, first, the dualism concept, which tends to separate subject and object, nature and human, men and women, contradicts tawhîd which is based on the vision of integration. This kind of vision is then, second, found being manifested in the so-called Qur’anic ecofeminism whose signs can be traced back through the Q.S 2:30; 2:60; 51:49; 38:27-28; 7:56 that all promote the aforementioned equilibrium spirit. Third, this kind of paradigm does not belong to persons unless fully aware of as the vicegerents (khalīfah) inheriting the wisdom tradition: those who see the correspondence between human beings and the environment more as a complementary rather than a subsidiary relationship.
PHÂN TÍCH ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÁC YẾU TỐ TỰ NHIÊN TRONG THÀNH TẠO CẢNH QUAN HUYỆN NHƯ XUÂN, TỈNH THANH HÓA
Authors: Vũ Văn Duẩn , Lê Hữu Thắng
Published: February 2025

Thiên nhiên lãnh thổ huyện Như Xuân, tỉnh Thanh Hoá rất đa dạng và phân hóa có quy luật. Trong đó các yếu tố tự nhiên có sự tương tác với nhau tạo nên bức tranh thiên nhiên của lãnh thổ nghiên cứu – đó chính là cảnh quan. Chính sự đa dạng và phân hóa của tự nhiên dẫn đến sự đa dạng cảnh quan huyện Như Xuân. Như vậy, các yếu tố tự nhiên có vai trò quan trọng và là nền móng, quy định sự hình thành và phát triển của cảnh quan lãnh thổ huyện Như Xuân. Tuy nhiên, trên nền tự nhiên đó cũng còn chịu sự tác động của con người, sự tác động này sẽ làm cho các cảnh quan có những biến đổi theo các chiều hướng khác nhau.
HUY ĐỘNG NGUỒN LỰC CỘNG ĐỒNG HỖ TRỢ NGƯỜI DAO GIẢM NGHÈO BỀN VỮNG Ở THANH HÓA
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Duyên
Published: February 2025

Bài viết huy động nguồn lực cộng đồng hỗ trợ người Dao giảm nghèo bền vững ở Thanh hóa, dựa trên khảo sát định lượng 200 đại hiện hộ gia đình người Dao đang sinh sống ở huyện Ngọc Lặc và Cẩm Thủy. Kết quả mô tả và phân tích tần suất thực trạng huy động nguồn lực cộng đồng hỗ trợ đồng bào người Dao ở Thanh Hóa thoát nghèo bền vững giới hạn ở bốn chiều cạnh: Huy động nguồn lực tài chính; Huy động nguồn lực phi tài chính; Kết quả về giảm nghèo của người dân tộc Dao; Những bật cập trong huy động động nguồn lực cộng đồng. Từ đó đề xuất các giải pháp huy động nguồn lực cộng đồng hỗ trợ đồng bào người Dao ở Thanh Hóa thoát nghèo bền vững.
Scaffolds of Self-Reliant India: Indian Knowledge System & National Education Policy-2020
Authors:   Indian Institute of Teacher Education, Pancholi Hardi , Maurya Hemant Kumar ,   Indian Institute of Teacher Education
Published: February 2025

National Education Policy-2020 is the policy which provides the direction of futuristic view of the Indian Education System; in that the rootedness of Indian Knowledge System is been rolling out by the time. It is illustrated as the tree of education system in which the branches of the tree are related with the multiple suggestions given by NEP-2020 and the root ofthe tree; as the root of the education system id the Indian Knowledge Tradition. By this way the Indian Knowledge System and NEP-2020 both are the essential scaffolds of the self-reliant India. Indian Knowledge System is consisting every discipline; science, history, astronomy, ecology, geography, logics, education, arts, languages, grammar, computer science, mathematics, crafts, polity, law and justice, agriculture, medicines and its synthesis, yoga, economics, psychology, ethics, governance, sociology and skill developmental courses as well. Indian Knowledge System is the integration of 64 Kalas (skills) with nature, culture and philosophy. This aimed to be purely with Indian ethos and from elementary education every child must be knowing about the pride of nation, and also feel proud to be an Indian. Curriculum and pedagogical practices should be enhanced with the fragrance of Indian Knowledge. In this paper the whole idea is discussed with some concepts and with illustration in detail.
PROSES DAN TANTANGAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN GEREJA PRESBITERIAN SINODAL
Authors: Luma Subaedah , Matheos Frigita Ekasari , Andalangi Julinda Ahtri , Panawar Jesica
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the Presbyterian church governance system, focusing on its structure, advantages, and challenges encountered in decision-making processes. The Presbyterian governance system involves the election of elders from local churches who form a session, with the pastor holding equal authority as a member of the session. This session manages the local church’s activities, while elders are also part of a presbytery and a general assembly with broader authority. The research employs a qualitative approach using literature analysis and case observations to understand the dynamics of church governance within a Presbyterian context. Findings indicate that the system supports wise leadership and church unity but faces challenges when decisions are influenced by financial power, leading to potential injustice and conflicts. The study’s benefits include a deeper understanding of how this system operates in practice and recommendations for improving conflict management and decision-making. The conclusion emphasizes the need for transparency, leadership training, and the establishment of advisory boards to ensure that church decisions reflect the needs of the entire congregation, rather than the interests of financially influential individuals.
Yellow rice and a Misnomer: The Hyperreality of Bangla Biryani, Armchair Nostalgia and Refugee Identity in the Urbanspace of Agartala
Authors: Gupta Ashes
Published: February 2025

This article, as a combination of life-writing and mnemonics, reads into the intricacies that ‘Bangla biryani’, a popular dish of yellow rice available at Bangla market of Agartala provides in terms of the intrinsic grid of refugee experience (both real and virtual) and imagined loss that simulates gastronomic (armchair) nostalgia, blurring the boundaries of physical space of the land of refuge and the imaginary homeland lost. Bangla biryani for me, in stark contrast to the lived experiences and the ruminations of a ‘real’ refugee dislocated from the homeland and subsequently relocated in the land of refuge, has actually been an ‘invented tradition’, a simulacrum1 that emerged as a heady-mix of sensibilities infused by refugee food narratives of my grandma, the lived experience of my past in Agartala, familiarity with literature and films on partition and migration, as well as countless olfactory encounters with its aroma on the way past the Battala market and its iconic status, courtesy urban food vlogs flooding social media in the present timeframe, thus becoming a hyperreality. For third generation refugees like me born into refugee families, who lack the reality of the lived experiences of partition, forced migration and refuge, such cultural spaces as Bangla biryani offer scope to fabricate the authenticity of a refugee past never lived, except for repetitive episodes of engrossed listening to oral food narratives of the homeland. And in all its complexity and the problematic of its conceptualization and theorization, Bangla biryani presents itself as a space for engaging in an interesting discourse on refugee food narratives, authenticity and immediacy of its pastness and the processes involved in ‘cooking up’ a strain of nostalgia under the semblance of truth.
Floating Between Worlds: Nature, Memory, and Identity in Preetinicha Barman’s My Body Floating with Hyacinths
Authors: Mandal Ranjit , Das Shruti
Published: February 2025

Book Review of Preetinicha Barman’s
My Body Floating with Hyacinths
An Investigational Study on the Use of a Sporicidal Disinfectant to Decontaminate Hazardous Drug Residues on IV Bags
Authors:   Contec, Inc., Wiencek Mark , Bedenbaugh Michael ,   Intramed Plus, Inc., Pernot Lauren ,   Contec, Inc., Douglass Kate ,   Cognitive Design Associates
Published: February 2025

Introduction: It is best practice to wipe down surfaces of supplies such as intravenous (IV) bags and vials packaged in cardboard boxes with a disinfectant before bringing the supplies into classified areas of a clean room. Effective decontamination of hazardous drug residues on containers such as IV bags may reduce the risk of occupational exposure. It is critical to understand the risk of penetration of any potential disinfecting or decontaminating agent into the IV bags.

Methods: The ability of 4 types of IV bags to resist penetration by an EPA-registered sporicidal disinfectant based on peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (PAA/HP) was determined by 2 methods: A standard method used to measure barrier properties of gowns and gloves in a closed-loop system and analysis for trace levels of hydrogen peroxide in the IV fluids after immersion of the bags in a solution of the disinfectant. The 4 IV container materials studied were polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate, polypropylene, and ethylene propylene copolymer. The reduction of residues from 3 antineoplastic drugs on the outside of 1 type of IV bag was assessed after wiping the surface of the bags once with the disinfectant followed by isopropyl alcohol utilizing a commercially-available wipe sampling product.

Results: No migration (<5 ppm) of the PAA/HP disinfectant through the 4 types of IV bags was detected through 8 hours of exposure in a closed-loop system. No hydrogen peroxide (<31 ppb) was detected in the IV fluids after immersing the bags for 1 hour in the disinfectant. Dried residues from 3 antineoplastic drugs were reduced by at least 99.97% after wiping the surface of IV bags with the sporicidal disinfectant and then isopropyl alcohol.

Conclusion: Using a PAA/HP sporicidal solution to disinfect and decontaminate IV bags does not result in penetration or leaching of the PAA/HP into the bags, even after prolonged contact. Results also indicate that a single pass with PAA/HP-saturated wipes, followed by isopropyl alcohol, can effectively reduce common hazardous drug residues from the outside surface of IV bags.

Keywords: IV bags, sporicidal, disinfectant, decontamination, hazardous drugs
Balanced Fertilization Strategy of Cabbage in the Highlands, Northern Philippines
Authors: Mamaril E. K. , Marquez M. M. , Imong H. M. , Picpican F. J. , Soyon Gennie B.
Published: February 2025

Balanced fertilization strategy for cabbage was studied at the Soil Science Experimental Area, College of Agriculture, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from December, 2005 – March, 2006 (on station trial) and at Paoay, Atok, Benguet from February, 2006 – June, 2006 (on farm trial). The objectives of the study aimed to determine balanced fertil-ization for cabbage in the two areas, determine the effect on the growth of cabbage and its effect on the soil properties.
Application of farmer’s rate (250-100-100 kg/ha N-P2O5-K2O + 7 tons/ha chicken manure) and recommended rate + 5 tons/ha chicken manure produced the heaviest yield of cabbage in the on-station trial. An increase on the pH value, organic matter and nitrogen content of the soil was noted from farmer’s rate.
Manipulating Nitrogen Release from Organic Fertilizers as Affected by Organic Biological Waste in Soil
Authors: Tuba-ang May Ann C. , Laurean Carlito P.
Published: February 2025

The experiment was conducted at the Department of Soil Science Laboratory Room, College of Agriculture, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet from November 2006 to May 2007 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers as affected by organic biological waste in the release of nitrogen and some chemical properties of the soil.
The pH of the soil, organic matter content, available nitrogen content and nitrogen mineralized were all significantly affected by the different kinds and combinations of organic fertilizers and organic biological waste. The application of chicken manure with cabbage refuse or wild sunflower significantly resulted to the highest pH value, organic matter content, amount of available nitrogen and nitrogen mineralized during the six different incubation periods.
The pH, organic matter content and amount of available nitrogen in the soil was observed to exhibit an increase and then a decrease of values. The pH and organic matter content values continuously increase until the 5", 7", or tO'h week and would then gradually decrease up to the end of the incubation period. Release of available nitrogen in the soil was significantly increasing until the end of the incubation period. The continuous increase suggests that applying different kinds of organic fertilizers supplemented with fresh organic biological wastes (OBW) is enough to satisfy the nitrogen requirement of crops for their growth and development. This is in particular with those that require large amount of nitrogen. Among those applied, chicken manure combined with cabbage refuse or wild sunflower are the best materials.
Relationship Between University Students' Multiple Intelligences and Academic Performance
Authors: Lubrica Maria Azucena B. , Lubrica Joel V.
Published: February 2025

Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory asserts that individuals have distinct intelligences in at least eight areas: Naturalistic, Linguistics, Logical-Mathematics, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Visual-Spatial, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. In teaching-learning situations, the MI of students has to be considered because these are related to their academic performance. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine the relationships between MI and academic performance.
An inventory was used for data collection on MI; for academic performance, final grades were obtained. Results through correlational analysis indicate that for First-Year and Second-Year students, there were no significant relationships between MI and academic performance.
For Third-Year students, there was a significant positive relationship between Logical-Mathematical intelligence and academic performance, but a significant negative relationship between Musical intelligence and academic performance. For Fourth-Year students, there was a significant negative relationship between Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence and academic performance.
Weaving for Life
Authors: Batani Ruth S.
Published: February 2025

Weaving and woven products in their present form have taken on interesting transformations over the years. Among indigenous women in the city of Baguio, weaving has taken on new energies with the invention of designs and new colors while at the same time retaining the ethnic motif. Using key informant interviews on Bontoc women weavers, the study draws attention to the artistic output of the weavers that are responding to identity construction at the same time satisfying market demands. Findings show that women weavers, at least in their generation, despite the meaningfulness of traditional designs on their woven fabrics, have also appropriated new designs and colors as part of their negotiations in the market. Other institutional market demands have also influenced the presentation of their woven products. Women weavers were able to negotiate their ‘ethnic motif’ in the market, while at the same time meeting the challenges of the exclusivist character of ‘ukay-ukay.’
Time Use Analysis
Authors: Batani Ruth S. , Banes Gigy G. , Labon Kacy O.
Published: February 2025

Time use studies puts values to work that are outside the cash nexus and are not counted in national accounts. This exploratory research conducted between August to December 2012, aimed to provide a comprehensive presentation of work along paid and unpaid dimension across gender. It also explored the use of qualitative methodology as an adjunct to quantitative measurements in capturing time use data in agricultural farming communities. Using time use survey, individual interviews, and focus group discussion, time use specifically on paid and unpaid work were drawn from two municipalities in the province of Benguet.
Results show that women’s multiple roles remain undervalued and unrecognized. There is a large disparity of time utilization across genders especially on unpaid work. Both genders spend their day in farm work but findings show that it is the women who perform paid and unpaid work simultaneously. While men spend more in ’paid work,’ women spent three times more than men in performing unpaid work while spending a time in ‘paid work.’ Time poverty has been expressed as true more for women than men. Care for teenagers is the dominant care role undertaken by both parents where fathers usually provide for financial support while the mothers provide not only financial but also emotional, psychological, and social support.
Time use in qualitative terms defines the context as well as the meanings people give to this kind of work. Meanings therefore strongly influence what is seen and how situations are responded to. Care work for instance, has been traditionally associated with women, and is continuously being performed by the same women in the households who also maintain farming activities. In the absence of institutions of care , these are the areas that these women take on a negotiating attitude in relation to work: by simultaneously doing things together and many times by ‘naturalizing’ work traditionally associated to women.
With the competitive and market orientation of these communities, both men and women perform paid farm work, but women have to juggle time for housework and farm work, hence simultaneous work and increasing intensity of work are shouldered. Qualitative data reveal that these male-female divide with men focused on paid work and women negotiating paid and unpaid work, has been naturalized and essentialized. Yet when probed deeper, women expressed the desire to ‘share’ the work with other members of the household which can have implications to their well-being both in material and emotional-spiritual terms.
Once again, findings show that behind the seemingly accepted and stable paid and unpaid work performance in farming communities, time use framework is revealing in that what has been naturalized is actually more dramatic in terms of women performing gender-related household tasks. On the other hand there is expressed desire of sharing unpaid work with other members of the household.
Soil Quality Assessment of Conventional and Organic Farms in La Trinidad, Benguet
Authors: Datic Crissa Genice G. , Laurean Carlito P. , Nagpala Asuncion L.
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in La Trinidad, Benguet to compare the physical and chemical properties and microbial biomass of soils in conventional and organic farms. The physical properties of the soil analyzed were bulk density, aggregate stability and water holding capacity while the chemical properties were soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, phosphorus and potassium. Microbial abundance of bacteria and fungi was likewise determined.
Soil samples from nine vegetable gardens representing organic farms and three for conventional farms were collected.
The results show that the three organic farms have significantly better physical and chemical properties than the conventional farms. Among the nine sampling areas representing organic farms, the Benguet State University (BSU) Organic Agriculture Demo-farm had significantly better physical and chemical properties than the other two organic farms.
Likewise, microbial biomass was significantly higher in organic farms than in conventional farms. Among the three organic farms, the highest bacterial count was observed from the College of Agriculture-Department of Agronomy Organic Farm while the lowest was from the Climate-Smart Agriculture organic farm. For fungal abundance, Climate-Smart Agriculture organic farm has the highest while the lowest was observed from the BSU Organic Agriculture Demo-farm.
Quarantine and Other Important Diseases Affecting Economic Crops in the Cordillera
Authors: Luis Janet S. , Perez Jocelyn C. , Backian Grace S. , Bawayan Jennie T. , Kiswa Cynthia G. , Bodod Clarence C.
Published: February 2025

The Cordillera Administrative Region provides the ideal environment for the production of planting materials of semi-temperate vegetables, root crops, beverages, fruits and ornamentals. However, the presence of degenerative diseases caused by viruses do not only reduce yield in time but also affects the planting materials produced. Under the quarantine regulations, the movement of planting material from country of origin to the destination country primarily requires the indexing of plant viruses before they are transported and planted in the field. Hence, a survey was conducted in Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province to identify and assess the incidence and severity of diseases of quarantine importance affecting high value crops.
For virus diseases, 100% incidence of Tomato Mosaic Virus (TMV) was recorded in one hectare tomato farm in Bokod, Benguet; Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) with 40% incidence at Sablan, Benguet (0.20 ha); 20% in Balbalan, Kalinga (0.03 ha), 30% at Conner, Apayao (2.5 ha) and 20% in Aguinaldo, Ifugao (1.5 ha); Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus (TYMV) in 80% of Chinese cabbage plants (0.20 ha) at Buguias, Benguet;15% incidence of Potato Aucuba Mosaic Virus (PAMV) in potato at Bauko, Mountain Province (0.25 ha); and 12% incidence of yellowing, little leaf and mosaic symptoms in coffee seedlings in nurseries in Tublay, Benguet.
For bacterial diseases, 10% incidence of mushroom bacterial blotch (Pseudomonas sp.) was noted in La Trinidad and Ralstonia solanacearum Race 1 causing bacterial wilt was isolated from seed potatoes collected in Atok, Benguet. Rose crown gall was known to be a serious problem in white rose in Alno, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Fungal diseases documented were yam anthracnose, chrysanthemum white rust, anthurium leaf spot, strawberry leaf spot and berry rot, coffee leaf spot and Fusarium wilt in banana while those due by fungal-like organisms were potato late blight and taro leaf blight.
Cultivation and Conservation of Traditional Food Crops and Perceptions of Farmers on Biodiversity Loss in the Cordillera Administrative Region
Authors: Tad-awan Belinda A. , Sagalla Esther Josephine D.
Published: February 2025

Traditional food crops are being planted for decades in the Cordillera Administrative Region and have been cultivated for various purposes. Traditional crops in the six provinces of the Region were documented and the perceptions of 221 farmers on the loss, utilization and conservation of traditional food crops were determined. A structured questionnaire containing indicators for the loss, utilization and conservation of traditional food crops was used. The farmer-respondents have been introduced to these crops by their forefathers from their childhood which they are cultivating due to their aroma, delicious taste and resistance to pests. Results show that there are 22 major traditional crops being cultivated in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The most commonly planted are rice, cowpeas, sweet potato, corn, taro and winged bean. Some traditional varieties are short-lived due to the introduction of high yielding varieties. Specifically, traditional varieties of rice had the highest loss since the farmers shifted to planting high value crops. Majority of the farmer-respondents utilize traditional food crops as source of food and additional income for their families. The farmers also conserve these food crops through continuous cultivation, storage of seeds and seed exchange with other farmers. In spite of the utilization and conservation efforts, the fact remains that the cultivation of traditional food crops especially rice is decreasing. Thus, there should be continuous conservation and establishment of community gene banks for traditional food crops.
Loss of Traditional Rootcrops Knowledge (TRK) Among Some Indigenous People in Nothern Philippines
Authors: Gayao Betty T. , Meldoz Dalen T. , Backian Grace S.
Published: February 2025

The documentation of traditional knowledge on root and tuber crops production and utilization was done prior to this study of determining the loss of knowledge on the production and utilization of traditional root and tuber crop commodities among the Ibaloi, Bago, Tingguian and Iyattuka indigenous peoples in northern Philippines.
Results of this study showed that loss of traditional knowledge on root and tuber among the indigenous peoples is a reality only among the younger generation, particularly those born starting in the 1980’s. Loss of knowledge among the younger generation pertains both to conceptual and practical domain. Conceptual knowledge pertains to the diversity and variety of roots and tubers, growing landscapes, cropping practices and uses and local terms on roots and tubers. Practical skills pertain to cultivation and utilization practices.
There is no loss or little loss of knowledge for those born before the eighties. The one percent annual loss of knowledge among the 36-56 years middle age group is in practical skills on the cultivation and utilization practice, including the local terms for said cultivation and utilization practices. An exception is among the Ibalois who exhibited not a loss but an annual one percent increase in traditional roots and tubers knowledge.
Loss of knowledge for those born after the eighties is higher, ranging from 37-64% reflecting an annual loss of 2-3% among the 15-35 years age group of the Bagos and Tingguians and a one percent annual loss for the younger Ibalois and Iyattukas.
Growth Performance of Finisher Broilers Fed with Ration Containing Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Meal as Partial Substitute to Corn
Authors: Atinyao Marlene B. , Tabon Genevieve R.
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted to determine the feed intake, growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization of broilers fed with finisher ration formulated with different levels of potato meal as partial substitute to corn. This was conducted at the Benguet State University Poultry Experimental Farm from September to October 2013. Following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD), 120 heads of 30-day old birds were distributed using three treatments as follows: 0% potato meal (T0); 10% potato meal (T1); and 20% potato meal (T2). The average initial weight of birds taken at 30 days of age was 1.29 kg. The average daily feed intake across the treatments was 0.15 grams. Differences were observed in average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Birds given ration containing 0% and 10% potato meal had higher average daily gains in weight of 0.05 and 0.06 kg, respectively, compared to birds given ration containing 20% potato meal with an average daily weight gain of 0.04 kg. Birds given ration containing 0% and 10% potato meal had better feed conversion ratios of 2.93 and 2.66, respectively, compared to birds given ration containing 20% potato meal with average feed conversion ratio of 3.35 kg. Results of the study showed that 10% rations containing potato meal can be included in the finishing rations for broilers.
Mycelial growth of Scleroderma sp. as Affected by Culture Media
Authors: Ramos Winslet J. , Tad-awan Bernard S.
Published: February 2025

The prevailing problem towards commercial cultivation of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms including Scleroderma sp. is the lack of protocol and information on the culture medium to produce inoculant, which is required in producing the mushroom alongside with pine. Scleroderma can be tapped as an inoculant for pine trees to increase the production of Scleroderma at the mountains which not only helps the pine trees to absorb water and nutrients from the soil but also accelerates the shoot growth and rehabilitates degraded land. To attain this, a protocol needs to be developed along with the appropriate culture medium process that may result in the mass production of Scleroderma mycelia to serve as inoculant for pine seedlings resulting in increased pine areas and production of Scleroderma. Thus, a study to compare the mycelial growth of Scleroderma sp. on two kinds of media was conducted. Results revealed that the use of Murashige and Skoog medium promoted faster mycelial growth and had the heaviest mycelial biomass. It is recommended that further studies be conducted on the optimal conditions of Scleroderma sp. as well as its inoculation to pine seedlings and testing the same media on other ectomycorrhizal fungi to strengthen and validate the study’s method as protocol on culture medium preparation.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Selected Tributaries of Didipio River, Eastern Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Authors: Manuel Ryan P.
Published: February 2025

Didipio, known for its gold and copper resources, has developed into a mining-agricultural area. Conflicting interests over its resources, i.e., water and soil, necessitate information based management to inspire participation among stakeholders. This study aimed to assess the condition of water, soil and sediments of four major streams in Didipio and surrounding areas namely Alimit, Boulevard, Camgat-Surong and Dinauyan using 26 physical and chemical parameters. The research is part of a multi-pronged study and served as baseline for management purposes. For each stream, the up and downstream sections were sampled. Water, soil and sediment samples were brought to laboratory, and results were compared to water quality standards. Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test and t-test were employed to compare whether or not physico-chemical characteristics of the sites differ from one another. Results were also discussed in connection to most imminent anthropogenic factors present in the streams. Stream sections with highest level of contaminants are those adjacent to streambank slushing (smallscale mining) and those devoid of riparian cover and subject to soil disturbance. Least impaired channels are those away from such land-uses. As majority of contaminants fall within acceptable levels, the four studied streams can return to more pristine state, provided that proper management mechanisms would be implemented.
Living Outside the Bars: Lived Experiences of Family Members of Offenders in Baguio and Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Guinto Kreanjel Lei B. , Kim Chelsea Mae G. , Bab-ating Guerly Joy L. , Caranto Lawrence C.
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of family members of offenders to provide insight and develop an effective and appropriate intervention in dealing with them, which in turn could help enhance family care in the nursing practice. The phenomenological type of descriptive qualitative research design was applied in this study. Data were gathered from five (5) family members of offenders in Baguio City and Benguet from January 19, 2018 to March 6, 2018 using triangulation method. Observation and individual interviews were employed with the participants. To analyze the data gathered, Colaizzi’s Seven Steps of Phenomenology was applied. The major findings are: (1) the incarceration was kept secret momentarily to underage family members; (2) the participants presented their own perspectives on the offender and whether they expected the crime to happen or not; (3) the incident affected their relationships within the family and others; and (4) the participants showed positive attitudes towards coping like acceptance and moving on. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived: (1) incarceration is deemed negative by society which prompted the hiding of the incident from the children; (2) incarceration can happen to anyone regardless of stature in life (3) stigma is truly present in the society which affects a person’s relationship with others, including his family; and (4) a person is able to adapt to changes caused by dramatic events and move on with the help of external support and positive thinking.