bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DE STASIO, L. (Universidad del País Vasco): DISCUSSIONE SULLA TRADUZIONE DI ‘QUESTI FANTASMI’, DI E. DI FILIPPO: ‘CON DERECHO A FANTASMA’, VERSIONE SPAGNOLA DI JAIME DE ARMIÑÁN E MESSA IN SCENA DI FERNANDO FERNÁN GÓMEZ
Authors: DE STASIO Loreta
Published: November 2022

In questo studio ci occupiamo della traduzione in lingua spagnola dell’opera di Eduardo Questi fantasmi (1945), realizzata da Jaime de Armiñán nel 1959 espressamente per la messa in scena ad opera di Fernando Fernán Gómez con il titolo Derecho a fantasma. Già dal titolo, tradotto in spagnolo in modo libero, si vuole fondere lo sconosciuto, il magico, il surreale, il mistero, dell’opera con l’idea di locale familiare —come si diceva una volta delle camere delle pensioni con “uso cucina”—, per trattare in modo umoristico una commedia che serve come metafora universale della crisi dei valori che vive l’uomo del secondo Novecento, anche se ritrae in chiave grottesca la tragedia delle penurie e le disillusioni della Napoli dell’immediato dopoguerra, alla fine degli anni ’40. Il rapporto descritto in questa traduzione è tra la parola di Eduardo, di Jaime di Armiñán e di Fernando Fernán Gómez e le loro poetiche che derivano dalle loro visioni del mondo, del teatro e della vita del loro tempo, e anche dalla loro interpretazione e dalla ricezione di questo testo che propongono al pubblico spagnolo. Gli ultimi due autori sono tra i primi a diffondere l’opera di Eduardo in Spagna e questo esercizio avrà ripercussione nella loro attività.
NÚÑEZ GARCÍA, L. (Universidad de Salamanca): DE DANTE A PASOLINI. LA TRADUCCIÓN DE LA POESÍA ITALIANA DURANTE LA DICTADURA FRANQUISTA (1939-1975)
Authors: NÚÑEZ GARCÍA Laure
Published: November 2022

Este artículo se orienta a trazar el marco más completo posible de las traducciones de obras poéticas italianas publicadas en España durante la dictadura franquista. Desde un punto de vista histórico, el estudio se centra básicamente en los aspectos cuantitativos de las obras traducidas: autores seleccionados, cronología, editoriales y traductores. La aparición de dichas obras poéticas italianas en el mercado español revela de algún modo la evolución política y cultural de la sociedad española entre 1939 y 1975.
¡AY!, ¡HUY!, ¡PAF!, ¡BOUM!, ¡ZAS!: INTERJECCIONES Y ONOMATOPEYAS EN LAS TRADUCCIONES DE ASTÉRIX EN HISPANIE EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA
Authors: Muñoz-Calvo Micaela
Published: November 2022

¿Oímos y expresamos/transcribimos los sonidos de la misma manera en las distintas lenguas de la península ibérica? El análisis de las interjecciones y onomatopeyas en las traducciones de Astérix en Hispanie tiene como objetivo ver cómo se recogen los valores que expresan y representan las interjecciones en las distintas lenguas peninsulares y si lo que sugieren acústicamente las onomatopeyas se recoge de la misma manera por los distintos traductores.
IDAL SALES, Cristina. El compromiso del diálogo intercultural; reseña del libro: Vidal Claramonte, Mª Carmen África y Martín Ruano, Mª Rosario (eds.)
Authors: IDAL SALES Cristina
Published: November 2022

VIDAL SALES, Cristina. El compromiso del diálogo intercultural; reseña del libro: Vidal Claramonte, Mª Carmen África y Martín Ruano, Mª Rosario (eds.) (2013). Traducción, políticas(s), conflictos: legados y retos para la era del multiculturalismo. Granada: Comares, 200 páginas.
ZABOKLICKA ZAKWASKA, Bożena Anna (UB). Traducción culinaria. El caso de la traducción entre el polaco y el castellano.
Authors: ZABOKLICKA ZAKWASKA Bożena Anna
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo contiene reflexiones sobre la traducción culinaria entre el polaco y el castellano, tarea que a primera vista puede parecer imposible por falta de equivalentes culturales y lingüísticos. Estas reflexiones llevan a la conclusión de que es imposible traducir de forma rigurosa una receta culinaria sin conocer perfectamente las dos culturas, la original y la de destino. No es suficiente saber perfectamente ambas lenguas, ya que el papel del traductor no consiste en traducir palabras, sino en ejercer de mediador intercultural.
ROMANO SUED, Susana (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba): El dilema de la traducción. El viaje y la diáspora de la escritura
Authors: ROMANO SUED Susana
Published: November 2022

El artículo trata del dilema de la traducción  en tanto modelo de intercambio de bienes culturales. Presenta una reflexión sobre la traducción como resultado de travesías y diáspora en los cuales los contactos entre pueblos, comunidades y naciones estimula creaciones de códigos conmensurables de entendimientos mutuos y mixturas tensionales de tradiciones. Dado que la traducción ha jugado un papel crucial en la gestación de nuevos conocimientos y en la más amplia comprensión de otras culturas en diferentes épocas, ha habilitado las lenguas para transportar memorias culturales. Más bien que la mera suplantación de vocablos, lo que el traductor pone en práctica son sus capacidades de intensificar la comprensión y la mediación intercultural a través de las fronteras temporales y geográficas. Es ese el modo en que la traducción forma parte de la historia cultural de humanidad. El artículo incluye también un modelo teórico-metodológico para la traducción de textos literarios.
GÓRSKA, Katarzyna. (UPF) - Evidencias y contraintuiciones en la traducción indirecta audiovisual. El caso particular del documental ‘Komeda. La banda sonora d´una vida’.
Authors: GÓRSKA Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo centra su atención en el fenómeno de la traducción indirecta en el ámbito de la traducción audiovisual. Tras un análisis pormenorizado de los problemas de traducción detectados en la cadena de subtitulación polaco-inglés-catalán de la película documental Komeda. A soundtrack for a life, se evidencia como, contraria-mente a lo que se podría esperar, algunas de las inexactitudes presentes en la traducción puente no se arrastran a la traducción de llegada.
Empirical Studies of Color Matrix Display Image Quality
Authors: Silverstein Louis D. , Gomer Frank E. , Yeh Yei-Yu , Krantz John H.
Published: November 2022

Color matrix display (CMD) technology has evolved to the point of viability for many information display applications. The matrix-addressed color liquid crystal display (LCD) currently appears to be the most suitable CMD technology for producing full-color images. Relative to color displays based on the shadow-mask cathode ray tube (CRT), the benchmark technology against which all other color display technologies must be evaluated, CMD panels offer potential improvements in design flexibility from the standpoint of relatively low power requirements, smaller volume, increased reliability, and better image visibility under high-ambient lighting conditions. These attributes make the CMD particularly attractive for vehicular and field-based display applications.
Chromatic Subsampling for Display of Color Images
Authors: Sigel Claude , Abruzzi RuthAnn , Munson James
Published: November 2022

The amount of information required to store color images is immense. For a typical 1024×1024 pixel color image, 8 bits each of R, G, and B data are usually stored (to avoid luminance or chromatic contouring artifacts), which adds up to 3 Mbytes per picture. This large size is problematic in several ways: framebuffer memory is still expensive; large framebuffers are technically more difficult to engineer (more boards, more heat); disk storage capabilities become swamped; the time required to transmit a picture from disk to terminal, or between network sites, is unacceptable.
Psychophysical rating of image compression techniques*
Authors: Stein Charles S. , Watson Andrew B. , Hitchner Lewis E.
Published: November 2022

To rate lossy image compression techniques in terms of transmission rate, distortion induced by the compression and reconstruction process, must be measured in a way that correlates well with human perception of the distortion. Many researchers agree that the common computational distortion metrics mean-square error (MSE) and root mean-square error (RMSE) do not correlate well with human subjective judgment.1−8 In an effort to find a fidelity metric that corresponds more closely to human fidelity perception, some researchers have experimented with other measures such as the MSE weighted by properties of the human visual system (HVS).2,5,6,9−14 No standard computational fidelity metric has been adopted by all researchers, and because they are computationally simple, MSE based measures remain the de facto metric. Most image fidelity testing with humans has been performed using different methods or under conditions that vary from lab to lab so that it is difficult to compare one researcher’s results with those of another. Statements in the literature such as "… an average of 0.26 bits/pixel can be achieved with very little perceivable degradation" or "Good Quality images are achieved with as low as .5 bit/pel"15 make it nearly impossible to compare image compression methods presented in different papers.
Why was Reading Slower from CRT Displays than from Paper?
Authors: Gould John D.
Published: November 2022

Computer displays allow people to do many things that they could not do without them. Reading from these displays is a main behavioral activity that cuts across most uses of computers. Experiments have shown that people read more slowly from CRT displays than from paper, sometimes 20-30% slower (e.g., Gould & Grischkowsky, 1984). From 1983-1985, we conducted fifteen experiments and several more analyses in an effort to understand the cause of this reading difference. Initially, each experiment isolated one variable and studied whether that variable explained the difference (Gould, Alfaro, Barnes, Finn, Grishkowsky, and Minuto, 1987). Typically, experimental participants would proofread several pages of text in good quality fonts on Paper, and then (or before) proofread similar material from a computer-controlled CRT display. Proofreading time and accuracy was recorded, and the personal feelings of participants were also noted afterwards.
An Image Quality Metric for Digital Letterforms
Authors: Farrell Joyce E. , Fitzhugh Andrew E.
Published: November 2022

Alphanumeric characters often appear distorted when displayed on cathode ray tube devices. These image distortions, referred to as "jaggies", result from undersampling the original high-resolution versions of the characters. To eliminate the aliasing errors that result from undersampling an image, one can filter out frequencies greater than the Nyquist limit - however practical limitation of the display device (gaussian pixel profile and limited intensity range) make the filtering less than ideal. (Kajiya, 1981) Additional image distortions occur because of a mismatch between the filters used to sample a high-resolution image (referred to as convolution kernels) and the pixel point-spread function of the monitor used to display the sampled and filtered image (referred to as the reconstruction kernel).
A Multirate Filter Bank Perspective of Retinal Processing
Authors: Levitan Bennett , Buchsbaum Gershon
Published: November 2022

A multirate filter bank (MRB) consists of a set of filters that produce several reduced sampling-rate versions of the same input signal (fig. 1). They have been found useful for subband coding [1, 2], image compression [3] and other areas [3, 4]. The possible implementations for MRBs tradeoff computational with connectional complexities and handle processor noise differently. We explore the consequences of the various MRB implementations for retinal processing and show that fully parallel processing or hybrid parallel/hierarchic processing are candidates for the retina.
Enhancement method with naturalness preservation and artifact suppression based on an improved Retinex variational model for color retinal images
Authors: Han Rui , Tang Chen , Xu Min , Liang Bingtao , Wu Tianbo , Lei Zhenkun
Published: November 2022

Retinal images are widely used for the diagnosis of various diseases. However, low-quality retinal images with uneven illumination, low contrast, or blurring may seriously interfere with diagnosis by ophthalmologists. This study proposes an enhancement method for low-quality retinal color images. In this paper, an improved variational Retinex model for color retinal images is first proposed and applied to each channel of the RGB color space to obtain the illuminance and reflectance layers. Subsequently, the Naka–Rushton equation is introduced to correct the illumination layer, and an enhancement operator is constructed to improve the clarity of the reflectance layer. Finally, the corrected illuminance and enhanced reflectance are recombined. Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization is introduced to further improve the clarity and contrast. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this method is tested on 527 images from four publicly available datasets and 40 local clinical images from Tianjin Eye Hospital (China). Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the other four enhancement methods and has obvious advantages in naturalness preservation and artifact suppression.
Preparation and spectroscopic study of Eu3+-doped cellulose nanocrystals for further interaction with fibroin to obtain luminescent cholesteric films
Authors: Sanches Pedro H. L. , Torres Francisco R. , Caiut José Maurício A.
Published: November 2022

Obtaining Eu3+-doped cellulose nanocrystals from bacterial cellulose and performing a spectroscopic study of base materials using the lanthanide ion as a probe for the potential development of luminescent nanocomposites as a reinforcement material and films.
Photon-Avalanche-Like Excitation at 1064 nm of Nd3+ in NdxY1.00-xAl3(BO3)4 Particles
Authors: da Silva Rodrigo F. , Luz Daniel F. , Maciel Célio V. T. , Soares Gabriela S. , Santos Emanuel P. , Maia Lauro J. Q. , Jacinto Carlos , Moura André L.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the feasibility of an unconventional excitation of Nd3+ at 1064 nm by a photon-avalanche-like mechanism, which involves an energy looping due to energy transfer among excited Nd3+ followed by resonant excited-state absorption.
Quartzite Nanoparticles as Scatterers for Random Laser Systems
Authors: Machado Yan D. R. , Germano Gleice C. M. , Costa Antonio Mario L. M. , Pecoraro Edison , Carvalho Isabel C. S.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we developed and investigated a random laser (RL) based on Rhodamine6G (Rh6G) in ethanol solution with quartzite nanoparticles as scatters in the lasing media.
Fiber-Optic Magnetic Field Sensors Based on in-Fiber Fabry-Pérot Interferometers
Authors: Soares Larissa M. B. , Lopez Juan D. , Allil Regina C. S. B. , Dante Alex , Werneck Marcelo Martins
Published: November 2022

This work presents a comparative study between magnetic field sensors based on in-fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometers (FPI) and on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). FPI results showed a high sensitivity being 340% higher than the FBG commercial.
Aberration correction via polarization control in singlet metalenses
Authors: Martins Augusto , Li Kezheng , Arruda Guilherme , Conteduca Donato , Liang Haowen , Li Juntao , Martins Emiliano R. , Krauss Thomas F. , Borges Ben-Hur V.
Published: November 2022

We introduce a form-birefringent single layer metalens encoding two phase profiles on the same surface to correct spherical and off-axis aberrations allowing the switching from high resolution to wide field of view operation.
Displacement interferometry for inertial sensing
Authors: Guzman Felipe
Published: November 2022

We present here recent results of our research work on novel optomechanical inertial sensing technologies, and the corresponding laser-interferometric displacement sensors we are developing for integrated portable units, as well as other interesting sensing schemes.
Focusing System Based on Two-Photon Absorption in a Si-detector
Authors: Delgado-Aguillón J. , Ruíz C. , Rosete-Aguilar M. , Román-Moreno C. J. , Graduño-Mejía J.
Published: November 2022

We introduce a novel technique for the focal spot location based on Two-Photon Absorption effect, measured with a Si detector along the optical axis. A focus location was performed at 1550 nm with an error of ± 5 µm.
Algorithm for the Integration/Registration of Three-Dimensional Point Clouds Based on Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Albarracín Juan R. , Gómez Ángel F. , González Andrés L. , Meneses Jaime E.
Published: November 2022

In this research work, an algorithm that involves Deep Learning techniques is proposed. With this algorithm is expected to obtain a correct registration of point clouds captured in occlusion environments, high reflectance and missing data.
Shack-Hartman sensor with scanning
Authors: Valderrama-Juárez Carlos Enrique , Díaz-Uribe Rufino
Published: November 2022

A linear scan of the microlens array of a Shack-Hartmann Sensor to increase the number and density of evaluation points is proposed with the aim of improving the wavefront evaluation. Experimental results are shown.
Exploring Enamel Demineralization from SEM images using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Farooq Sajid , Caramel-Juvino Amanda , Fontes Yasmin Reis , Gardiano Sabrina Avelino , Zezell Denise Maria
Published: November 2022

Here, we employ segmentation and convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify and quantify enamel demineralization. Our results depict that CNN model using input SEM images achieve accuracy up to 79% for enamel demineralization diagnosis.
The influence of GeO2.9Nb O5 dispersed in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ doped GeO2-Nb2O5 nanocomposite to generate white light
Authors: Souza V.S. , Caixeta F. J. , Lima K. O. , Gonçalves R.R.
Published: November 2022

Materials based on (100-X)GeO2–XNb2O5:Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ were prepared by the sol-gel methodology, calcined at 700 to 1100 ºC, followed affected the crystalline structure and the white light generation of the solids.
Effect of PDI on the bacterial behavior of clinically important Gram negatives
Authors: Vieira R. L. , Machado J. S. , Corrêa T. Q. , Blanco K. C. , Bagnato V.S.
Published: November 2022

Photodynamic inactivation with a subdose of light and curcumin as a photosensitizer causes effects on the bacterial behavior of important pathogenic Gram negatives, which may receive antibiotic resistance genes, becoming even more worrisome.
High temporal waveform fidelity stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirror using Novec-7500
Authors: Fan Rong , Liu Zhaohong , Jin Duo , Luo Tiantian , Li Ning , Li Sensen , Wang Yulei , Xia Yuanqin , Lu Zhiwei
Published: November 2022

A high temporal waveform fidelity stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirror (SBS-PCM) with high energy efficiency, based on a novel medium, Novec-7500, is proposed and practically achieved in this study. A theoretical analysis reveals that the temporal-domain waveform distortion is caused by the inherent pulse duration compression effect of the SBS, and this undesirable phenomenon can be significantly suppressed by decreasing the compression coefficient (CC afterwards), which is defined as the gain coefficient divided by the phonon lifetime, which coefficient and is identified as the key parameter for high waveform-fidelity in SBS-PCM. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated experimentally, in which a reflected pulse with waveform symmetry equals to the pump and an average pulse duration of 0.974 τp (τp is the duration of pump) with an energy efficiency of over 90% was achieved using Novec-7500.
Broadband and efficient multi-mode fiber-chip edge coupler on a silicon platform assisted with a nano-slot waveguide
Authors: Li Kang , Cao Xiaoping , Wang Jian
Published: November 2022

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) has been extensively utilized to expand the capacity of chip-scale or fiber-based optical communication, whereas it is still challenging to implement the MDM for fiber-chip optical interconnects due to the huge mode mismatch between few-mode fiber (FMF) and multi-mode waveguide. In this work, we propose and design a silicon integrated six-mode edge coupler assisted with a slot waveguide, which achieves the efficient direct conversion of multiple modes between the waveguide and fiber in a broad bandwidth. Based on the principle of mode conversion, this edge coupler enables the mode conversion between six linear polarization (LP) modes (i.e.

LP

x/y

01

,

LP

x/y

11a

,

LP

x/y

11

b

) in FMF and six on-chip waveguide modes (i.e. TE0, TE1, TE2, TM0, TM1, TM2) with low insertion loss, low mode crosstalk and broad bandwidth. The obtained results show that over the whole C-band the efficiency of mode conversion is higher than 98% and the mode crosstalk is low than -19 dB, while the total coupling loss is higher than 85%. The favorable results offer an important reference for designing related broadband photonic devices, and the presented scheme could be potentially exploited to further increase the transmission capability for prospective fiber-chip optical interconnections and communications.
Broadband radiation pressure on a small period diffractive film
Authors: Swakshar Anirban S. , Kim Seongsin M. , Swartzlander Grover A.
Published: November 2022

The p-polarization component of radiation pressure force from an unpolarized blackbody light source is predicted by the use of a Maxwell equation solver for a right triangular prism grating of period 2 μm and refractive index 3.5. The transmitted and reflected angular scattering distributions are found to qualitatively agree with diffraction theory: At relatively short wavelengths the transmitted light is concentrated near the refraction angle, and reflected light is concentrated near the reflection angle. Owing to diffraction and multiple internal reflections, however, the spectral irradiance of transmitted and reflected light was found to significantly vary with wavelength. We found that the high value of the refractive index produced a large fraction of reflected light, thereby reducing the net transverse component of radiation pressure force. These results suggest that low index transmission gratings, anti-reflection coatings, optimized metasurface films, or reflection gratings should be explored for future solar sailing missions.
Fragmental optical vortex for the detection of rotating object based on the rotational Doppler effect
Authors: Qiu Song , Ding You , Liu Tong , Liu Zhengliang , Wu Hao , Ren Yuan
Published: November 2022

Rotational Doppler effect (RDE), as a counterpart of the conventional linear Doppler effect in the rotating frame, has attracted increasing attention in recent years on rotational object detection. Many previous works have investigated the RDE based on the whole optical vortex field. In this work, we report on the RDE of the partially obstructed optical vortex and the corresponding rotational speed extraction method. Based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode analysis theory, we establish the relationship between the OAM spectrum and the RDE frequency shift of fragmental optical vortex (FOV). The mechanism of the rotational speed extraction is analysed and validated by the numerical simulation and experiments. Further, a dual Fourier transformation method is proposed to accurately obtain the rotational speed which successfully overcomes the problem of the discrete distribution of the RDE signals. Our work may be useful for practical remote sensing based on the optical RDE metrology.
Liquid crystal based active wavelength filter for phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry
Authors: Kim Dae-Gil , Lee Aram , Park Siwoong , Yeo Chan Il , Yoo Hark , Bae Cheolho , Park Hyoung Jun
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a liquid-crystal-based active wavelength filter for phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry to mitigate the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and accurately match the passband with the light source. The validity of the proposed system was verified using comparative experiments with conventional passive optical filters. The experiment showed an increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 2.21 dB compared with passive filters. Additionally, the proposed system can effectively eliminate ASE noise, resulting in an SNR of 12.99 dB.
Monitoring sulfur loss in polycrystalline solid solutions of CaS-La2S3 by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Havel Matthew , Kostogiannes Alexandros , Shoulders W. Taylor , Blair Victoria , McGill Daniel , Rivero-Baleine Clara , Bunijevac Rade , Eichler Jeffery , Kincer Matthew R. , Kang Myungkoo , Richardson Kathleen A. , Gaume Romain
Published: November 2022

Controlling stoichiometry in materials is a critical consideration in advanced applications. Non-stoichiometry due to sulfur excess or sulfur loss is observed in the CaS-La2S3 (CLS) solid solution, a promising optical and thermoelectric material. We show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to assess deviation from stoichiometry in polycrystalline CLS. Use of this technique shows an increase in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the A1 vibrational peak, associated with disorder on the sulfur sublattice. This method is validated using X-ray diffraction, where a decrease in the lattice parameter is observed on either side of the stoichiometric composition. This paper illustrates the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy as a complementary metrology technique to assess stoichiometry in sulfide-based polycrystalline ceramics.
Modelling the synergistic effect of bacteriophage and antibiotics on bacteria: Killers and drivers of resistance evolution
Authors: Leclerc Quentin J. , Lindsay Jodi A. , Knight Gwenan M.
Published: November 2022

Bacteriophage (phage) are bacterial predators that can also spread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes between bacteria by generalised transduction. Phage are often present alongside antibiotics in the environment, yet evidence of their joint killing effect on bacteria is conflicted, and the dynamics of transduction in such systems are unknown. Here, we combine in vitro data and mathematical modelling to identify conditions where phage and antibiotics act in synergy to remove bacteria or drive AMR evolution. We adapt a published model of phage-bacteria dynamics, including transduction, to add the pharmacodynamics of erythromycin and tetracycline, parameterised from new in vitro data. We simulate a system where two strains of Staphylococcus aureus are present at stationary phase, each carrying either an erythromycin or tetracycline resistance gene, and where multidrug-resistant bacteria can be generated by transduction only. We determine rates of bacterial clearance and multidrug-resistant bacteria appearance, when either or both antibiotics and phage are present at varying timings and concentrations. Although phage and antibiotics act in synergy to kill bacteria, by reducing bacterial growth antibiotics reduce phage production. A low concentration of phage introduced shortly after antibiotics fails to replicate and exert a strong killing pressure on bacteria, instead generating multidrug-resistant bacteria by transduction which are then selected for by the antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant bacteria numbers were highest when antibiotics and phage were introduced simultaneously. The interaction between phage and antibiotics leads to a trade-off between a slower clearing rate of bacteria (if antibiotics are added before phage), and a higher risk of multidrug-resistance evolution (if phage are added before antibiotics), exacerbated by low concentrations of phage or antibiotics. Our results form hypotheses to guide future experimental and clinical work on the impact of phage on AMR evolution, notably for studies of phage therapy which should investigate varying timings and concentrations of phage and antibiotics.
Genetic duplication of tissue factor reveals subfunctionalization in venous and arterial hemostasis
Authors: Grzegorski Steven J. , Zhao Yakun , Richter Catherine E. , Ku Chia-Jui , Lavik Kari I. , Paul Divyani , Morrissey James H. , Shavit Jordan A.
Published: November 2022

Tissue factor (TF) is an evolutionarily conserved protein necessary for initiation of hemostasis. Zebrafish have two copies of the tissue factor gene (f3a and f3b) as the result of an ancestral teleost fish duplication event (so called ohnologs). In vivo physiologic studies of TF function have been difficult given early lethality of TF knockout in the mouse. We used genome editing to produce knockouts of both f3a and f3b in zebrafish. Since ohnologs arose through sub- or neofunctionalization, they can unmask unknown functions of non-teleost genes and could reveal whether mammalian TF has developmental functions distinct from coagulation. Here we show that a single copy of either f3a or f3b is necessary and sufficient for normal lifespan. Complete loss of TF results in lethal hemorrhage by 2–4 months despite normal embryonic and vascular development. Larval vascular endothelial injury reveals predominant roles for TFa in venous circulation and TFb in arterial circulation. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of TF predisposes to a stress-induced cardiac tamponade independent of its role in fibrin formation. Overall, our data suggest partial subfunctionalization of TFa and TFb. This multigenic zebrafish model has the potential to facilitate study of the role of TF in different vascular beds.
County-wide assessments of Illinois white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) prion protein gene variation using improved primers and potential implications for management
Authors: Raudabaugh Daniel B. , Ishida Yasuko , Haley Nicholas J. , Brown William M. , Novakofski Jan , Roca Alfred L. , Mateus-Pinilla Nohra E.
Published: November 2022

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, highly infectious prion disease that affects captive and wild cervids. Chronic wasting disease is the only known transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting free-ranging wildlife. In CWD-positive deer, some haplotypes of the prion protein gene PRNP are detected at lower frequencies as compared to CWD-negative deer, as are some variants of the prion protein PrP. Here, we examined wild, hunter-harvested CWD-negative white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to determine whether there were geographical or temporal differences in the PRNP haplotypes, PRNP diplotypes, PrP proteoforms, and in the proportion of deer with at least one protective haplotype. We sampled 96–100 hunter-harvested deer per county at two time points in the Illinois counties of Jo Daviess, LaSalle, and Winnebago, chosen based on their geographic locations and known occurrence of CWD. The entire coding region of PRNP was sequenced, with haplotypes, diplotypes, and PrP proteoforms inferred. Across time, in Winnebago there was a significant increase in PrP proteoform F (p = 0.034), which is associated with a lower vulnerability to CWD. In every county, there was an increase over time in the frequency of deer carrying at least one protective haplotype to CWD, with a significant increase (p = 0.02) in the Jo Daviess County CWD infected region. We also found that primer combination was important as there was an 18.7% difference in the number of the deer identified as homozygous depending on primer usage. Current Illinois state management practices continue to remove CWD infected deer from locally infected areas helping to keep CWD prevalence low. Nonetheless, continued research on spatial and temporal changes in PRNP haplotypes, PrP proteoforms, and levels of deer vulnerability among Illinois deer will be important for the management of CWD within the state of Illinois and beyond.
Moderating role of observing the five precepts of Buddhism on neuroticism, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms
Authors: Wongpakaran Nahathai , Pooriwarangkakul Phurich , Suwannachot Nadnipa , Mirnics Zsuzsanna , Kövi Zsuzsanna , Wongpakaran Tinakon
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Evidence has shown that the Five precepts significantly affect the relationship between attachment and resilience; however, little is known whether observing the Five Precepts would help reduce depressive symptoms among those who experience risks. The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of the Five Precepts in the mediation model relationship among neuroticism, perceived stress, and depression.

Patients and methods

The study employed a cross-sectional survey design and data were collected from the end of 2019 to September 2022 in Thailand. In all, 644 general participants completed questionnaires on the Neuroticism Inventory (NI), the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Depression Subscale, and the Five-Precept Subscale of the Inner Strength-based Inventory (SBI-PP). Mediation and moderation analyses with 5000 bootstrapping methods were used.

Results

Among all, 74.2% were female, and the mean age totalled 28.28 years (SD = 10.6). SBI-PP was shown to have a moderation effect on the relationship between NI, PSS and depressive symptoms. The moderating effect between SBI-PP and PSS was significant, whereas SBI-PP and NI was not. The index of moderated mediation from the Five Precepts was significant (b = -0.019 (95%CI -0.029, -0.009)). The moderated mediation model increased the percent variance explaining depressive symptoms to 47.6%, compared with 32.6% from the mediation model alone.

Conclusion

Observing the Five Precepts offers evidence that it buffers the effect of perceived stress on depression. People with high levels of observing the Five Precepts are less likely to develop depressive symptoms. Implications as well as possible future research are discussed.
Using passive sensor data to probe associations of social structure with changes in personality: A synthesis of network analysis and machine learning
Authors: Lekkas Damien , Gyorda Joseph A. , Moen Erika L. , Jacobson Nicholas C.
Published: November 2022

Social network analysis (SNA) is an increasingly popular and effective tool for modeling psychological phenomena. Through application to the personality literature, social networks, in conjunction with passive, non-invasive sensing technologies, have begun to offer powerful insight into personality state variability. Resultant constructions of social networks can be utilized alongside machine learning-based frameworks to uniquely model personality states. Accordingly, this work leverages data from a previously published study to combine passively collected wearable sensor information on face-to-face, workplace social interactions with ecological momentary assessments of personality state. Data from 54 individuals across six weeks was used to explore the relative importance of 26 unique structural and nodal social network features in predicting individual changes in each of the Big Five (5F) personality states. Changes in personality state were operationalized by calculating the weekly root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in 5F state scores measured daily via self-report. Using only SNA-derived features from wearable sensor data, boosted tree-based machine learning models explained, on average, approximately 28–30% of the variance in individual personality state change. Model introspection implicated egocentric features as the most influential predictors across 5F-specific models, with network efficiency, constraint, and effective size measures among the most important. Feature importance profiles for each 5F model partially echoed previous empirical findings. Results support future efforts focusing on egocentric components of SNA and suggest particular investment in exploring efficiency measures to model personality fluctuations within the workplace setting.
Academic resilience from school entry to third grade: Child, parenting, and school factors associated with closing competency gaps
Authors: Williams Kate E. , Berthelsen Donna , Laurens Kristin R.
Published: November 2022

There is substantial evidence confirming that children who begin school with strong developmental skills tend to maintain positive academic trajectories across the elementary school years. Much less is known about children who begin school with poorer developmental competencies yet go on to achieve academically on par with, or above, their initially more competent peers, demonstrating academic resilience. This study used a large population dataset, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 2,118) to identify children who demonstrated academic resilience between school entry and third grade, and the child, parenting, and school characteristics associated with this resilience. Findings show that two in five children who were initially identified as academically vulnerable on a school entry measure of language and cognitive skills were classified as academically resilient by Grade 3. In multivariate analysis, higher attentional regulation and receptive vocabulary skills were key factors associated with academic resilience in reading and numeracy, along with paternal consistency (for reading resilience) and fewer sleep problems (for numeracy resilience). Bivariate relations (ANOVAs) showed that resilient children, when compared to children who remained vulnerable, also showed fewer peer problems, fewer behavioral sleep problems, higher levels of parenting consistency and lower levels of parenting anger by mothers and fathers, higher levels of parental engagement in children’s school, and higher levels of teacher self-efficacy. Supporting resilient pathways for children who are identified as vulnerable at school entry should include a particular focus on vocabulary development and attentional regulation, along with social skills and peer relationships, school-based parental engagement, and positive parenting support.
Optimized conditions for Listeria, Salmonella and Escherichia whole genome sequencing using the Illumina iSeq100 platform with point-and-click bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Alvarez Narvaez Sonsiray , Shen Zhenyu , Yan Lifang , Stenger Brianna L. S. , Goodman Laura B. , Lim Ailam , Nissly Ruth H. , Nair Meera Surendran , Zhang Shuping , Sanchez Susan
Published: November 2022

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data have become an integral component of public health investigations and clinical diagnostics. Still, many veterinary diagnostic laboratories cannot afford to implement next generation sequencing (NGS) due to its high cost and the lack of bioinformatic knowledge of the personnel to analyze NGS data. Trying to overcome these problems, and make NGS accessible to every diagnostic laboratory, thirteen veterinary diagnostic laboratories across the United States (US) initiated the assessment of Illumina iSeq100 sequencing platform for whole genome sequencing of important zoonotic foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. The work presented in this manuscript is a continuation of this multi-laboratory effort. Here, seven AAVLD accredited diagnostic laboratories explored a further reduction in sequencing costs and the usage of user-friendly platforms for genomic data analysis. Our investigation showed that the same genomic library quality could be achieved by using a quarter of the recommended reagent volume and, therefore a fraction of the actual price, and confirmed that Illumina iSeq100 is the most affordable sequencing technology for laboratories with low WGS demand. Furthermore, we prepared step-by-step protocols for genomic data analysis in three popular user-friendly software (BaseSpace, Geneious, and GalaxyTrakr), and we compared the outcomes in terms of genome assembly quality, and species and antimicrobial resistance gene (AMR) identification. No significant differences were found in assembly quality, and the three analysis methods could identify the target bacteria species. However, antimicrobial resistance genes were only identified using BaseSpace and GalaxyTrakr; and GalaxyTrakr was the best tool for this task.
Induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso in 2020: Results from a population-based survey using direct and social network-based estimation approaches
Authors: Bell Suzanne O. , Guiella Georges , Byrne Meagan E. , Bazie Fiacre , Onadja Yentéma , Thomas Haley L. , Moreau Caroline
Published: November 2022

This study aims to estimate induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso using direct and indirect methods, overall and by women’s background characteristics. Data come from a nationally representative survey of reproductive aged women (n = 6,388). To address social desirability bias in abortion reporting, we asked about respondents’ closest female friends’ experience with abortion. The one-year abortion incidence in 2020 for respondents was 4.0 (95% CI 2.2–5.9) per 1,000 women aged 15–49 while the adjusted friend incidence was 22.9 (95% CI 15.8–30.0). Although not significant, abortion incidence was higher for adolescents, unmarried women, those with higher education, and those in urban areas among both respondents and their friends. Approximately nine out of ten abortions were unsafe (90% respondents, 95% friends), with respondent and friend findings suggesting higher risk of unsafe abortion among older women, less educated women, and women residing in rural areas. Despite recent increases in contraceptive use and continued legal restrictions, abortion remains common in Burkina Faso and is largely unsafe, with evidence of potential disparities.
Assessing optimal nitrate/ ammonium- ratios in baby-leaf lettuce to enhance the heat stress tolerance under elevated CO2 conditions
Authors: Collado-González Jacinta , Piñero María Carmen , Otalora Ginés , López-Marín Josefa , del Amor Francisco M.
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the interest on baby-leaf lettuce has grown steadily, because it is richer in bioactive compounds than other traditional vegetables. However, the quality of lettuce is being increasingly affected by climate change. It is very rare for a climatic effect to occur in isolation. Even then, a large body of work has only focused on the effect of isolated heat stress, fertilization, and elevated CO2, on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. Thus, very few works have focused on how the combination of several of these factors can affect these parameters. For first time, the present work studied the combined effect derived from the application of two different levels of CO2 (400 and 1000 ppm of CO2), four different NO3-/ NH4+ ratios (100/0 (T-I), 100/0 before the short-term heat stress and finally without NO3- (T-II), 80/20 (T-III) and 50/50 (T-IV)), and a short-term heat stress (25 and 43°C), on some physiological and quality parameters (dry biomass, photosynthetic parameters, pigments content, lipid peroxidation and total soluble proteins content) of baby-leaf lettuce cv Derbi. Additionally, a comparison of that combined effect of all these parameters between inner and outer leaves was also performed. The results obtained indicated that the interaction between the nutrient solution containing a 50/50 NO3-/ NH4+ ratio and a high concentration of CO2 (1000 ppm) improved the biomass, photosynthesis, intercellular/external CO2 concentration ratio (ci/ca), stomatal conductance (gs), evapotranspiration (E) and lipid peroxidation, and protein content in this baby-leaf lettuce. The results obtained in this work lead us to conclude that this existing interaction between the NO3-/ NH4+ ratio and the elevated CO2 concentration may be considered as a new strategy for making baby-leaf lettuce more resistant to heat stress, in other words, stronger against the ever more frequent heat waves.
Prognostic factors and outcomes in women with breast cancer in Slovenia in relation to step-wise implementation of organized screening
Authors: Tomšič Sonja , Žagar Tina , Mihor Ana , Mlakar Miran , Lokar Katarina , Jarm Katja , Zadnik Vesna
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The aim of organized breast cancer screening is early detection and reduction in mortality. Organized screening should promote equal access and reduce socio-economic inequalities. In Slovenia, organized breast cancer screening achieved complete coverage in 11-years’ time. We explored whether step-wise implementation reflects in prognostic factors (earlier diagnosis and treatment) and survival of breast cancer patients in our population.

Methods

Using population-based cancer registry and screening registry data on breast cancer cases from 2008–2018, we compared stage distribution and mean time to surgical treatment in (A) women who underwent at least one mammography in the organized screening programme, women who received at least one invitation but did not undergo mammography and women who did not receive any screening invitation, and in (B) women who were invited to organized screening and those who were not. We also compared net survival by stage in different groups of women according to their screening programme status.

Results

Women who underwent at least one mammography in organized screening had lower disease stage at diagnosis. Time-to-treatment analysis showed mean time to surgery was shortest in women not included in organized screening (all stages = 36.0 days vs. 40.3 days in women included in organized screening). This could be due to quality assurance protocols with an obligatory multidisciplinary approach within the organized screening vs. standard treatment pathways which can vary in different (smaller) hospitals. Higher standard of care in screening is reflected in better survival in women included in organized screening (5-years net survival for regional stage: at least one mammography in the screening programme– 96%; invitation, but no mammography– 87.4%; no invitation or mammography in the screening programme– 82.6%).

Conclusion

Our study, which is one of the first in central European countries, shows that introduction of organized screening has temporary effects on population cancer burden indicators already during roll-out period, which should therefore be as short as possible.
Plantaricin NC8 αβ rapidly and efficiently inhibits flaviviruses and SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting their envelopes
Authors: Omer Abubakr A. M. , Hinkula Jorma , Tran Pham-Tue-Hung , Melik Wessam , Zattarin Elisa , Aili Daniel , Selegård Robert , Bengtsson Torbjörn , Khalaf Hazem
Published: November 2022

Potent broad-spectrum antiviral agents are urgently needed to combat existing and emerging viral infections. This is particularly important considering that vaccine development is a costly and time consuming process and that viruses constantly mutate and render the vaccine ineffective. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP), such as bacteriocins, are attractive candidates as antiviral agents against enveloped viruses. One of these bacteriocins is PLNC8 αβ, which consists of amphipathic peptides with positive net charges that display high affinity for negatively charged pathogen membrane structures, including phosphatidylserine rich lipid membranes of viral envelopes. Due to the morphological and physiological differences between viral envelopes and host cell plasma membranes, PLNC8 αβ is thought to have high safety profile by specifically targeting viral envelopes without effecting host cell membranes. In this study, we have tested the antiviral effects of PLNC8 αβ against the flaviviruses Langat and Kunjin, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus (IAV), and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). The concentration of PLNC8 αβ that is required to eliminate all the infective virus particles is in the range of nanomolar (nM) to micromolar (μM), which is surprisingly efficient considering the high content of cholesterol (8–35%) in their lipid envelopes. We found that viruses replicating in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi complex, e.g. SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses, are considerably more susceptible to PLNC8 αβ, compared to viruses that acquire their lipid envelope from the plasma membrane, such as IAV and HIV-1. Development of novel broad-spectrum antiviral agents can significantly benefit human health by rapidly and efficiently eliminating infectious virions and thereby limit virus dissemination and spreading between individuals. PLNC8 αβ can potentially be developed into an effective and safe antiviral agent that targets the lipid compartments of viral envelopes of extracellular virions, more or less independent of virus antigenic mutations, which faces many antiviral drugs and vaccines.