bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMALL STREET OF A BIG CITY AS A CHRONOTOPIC SYMBOL
Authors: Makaryan Albert
Published: December 2024

Classical, as well as, modern Armenian prose is one of the important components and enriching factors of world literature. No matter how dubiously we consider today's Arme­nian prose, nonetheless, it is still developing taking a very fruitful path.
Another problem is that this prose transformed by the imperatives and aesthetic taste of the time: the experimental novel finds its place next to the classical novel, the so-called newest story written based on computer material sits comfortably next to the prior short story.  Besides the abstract appears alongside with realism, rationalism is accreted by irra­tio­nalism, real life is suddenly mixed with the mythical one...
The enumeration can still be continued. But what is the reason of all these? As is rightly noted, "all these phenomena have their social, philosophical and aesthetic foundations, and if they are widespread, then they are not just due to individual preference, they express the thinking and style of the time as a whole, they are dictated not only by our national reality, but to one degree or another they  also express or reflect the global  processes taking place in the field of literature."
And thus the presented article is devoted to the examination of the short story series "4th Street" by one of the noteworthy figures of modern Armenian prose Davit Samvelyan or rather to the study of  a small street in a big city as a chronotopic  symbol.
From the literary perspective it is notable that the fourteen short stories of the series, that have no external traditional patterns in terms of composition, "suddenly" form a peculiar framework. Here, the smallest circuit, i.e., the small street with its characteristic components (building, church, smell, flag, balcony...) gradually becomes a unique symbol of the big city.
It is also noticeable that the writer’s narration is not limited to the street/city ratio: finally a peculiar literary biography of not so  far away past life  of our  Armenia is created, that revels national identity in a broad  chronotopic scope (hard social conditions of 1990s, war, complex human ties and relationships).
METRICAL FORMS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARMENIAN POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Jrbashyan Ashkhen
Published: December 2024

The article examines the metrical features of Armenian poetry of recent decades. During this period, the generation of poets of the 1960-70s continued to create (Hov. Grigoryan, H. Edoyan, A. Harutyunyan, A. Martirosyan, Hr. Sarukhan, etc.), new talented poets appeared next to them with their own unique statements and new ways of verse constructing. In the poetry of this period, free verse (verlibre) was especially widespread. Hovhannes Grigoryan created his own unique and original free verse, which has become iconic for a new generation of writers. A number of poets who gave preference to the Armenian traditional syllabic meters (Artashes Khazaryan, Armen Martirosyan, etc.) also began to use free verse. In general, one gets the impression that the element of free verse also influenced the syllabic poetry of this period, forming transitional, intermediate forms. For example, the poetry of David Hovhannes is like that.
Interesting changes have occurred in recent decades in the field of pure syllabic verse: forms and combinations of lines that were not accepted or were used very rarely in Armenian poetry of the previous period began to be used very widely. This is due to the large-scale “invasion” of free verse, and it is not surprising that syllabic verse expanded its scope, adapting to the widespread “liberation” of verse. Most poets seemed to be trying to erase the strict boundaries of syllabic verse and free verse, in some way combining their capabilities.
Tonic verse, which entered our poetry at the beginning of the 20th century, continues to be one of the means of lyrical expression of poets of the new generation in the context of the “emancipation” of poetic speech, however, syllabic-tonic verse is almost completely removed from Armenian poetry of the 1990-2000s. These most important trends also form the vision for the further development of modern Armenian poetry.
THE RATIONALIST SOLUTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITIES IN THE WORKS "TRUE FRIEND", "DAINTY STRINGS", "ZAZUNYAN" BY NAR-DOS (DEDICATED TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF NAR-DOS)
Authors: Merjanyan Tatevik
Published: December 2024

The aim of this publication is to provide a fresh perspective on the analysis and evaluation of Nar-Dos's aforementioned novels. Previous literary critiques have often skimmed the surface, offering only ideological and cognitive summaries. Notably, all of Nar-Dos' works dealing with the theme of love, the conflict between reason (faith, religion, morality, public opinion) and nature (feeling and desire) is prominent. In these novels, the author delves into various moral and psychological phenomena where rationalist solutions play a pivotal role. In general, a person always avoids a test throughout his life, but the presence of a test gives a person two choices: either to overcome it, or to perish on its way. Nar-Dos leads his heroes, given to the waves of sinful love, on a difficult path of "overcoming" the test, the end point of which is marked by an inner awakening. Here it is evident that the great awakening is preceded by the compulsion to meet the test. It is noteworthy that if in the works "True Friend" and "Dainty Strings" conscious self-sacrifice turns into an ideological solution, then in the novel "Zazunyan" this conscious self-sacrifice is perceived as self-sacrifice. Regardless of the gender difference, the same psychology and suffering is manifested. on the one hand - a sudden intense and irresistible love, on the other - a beloved family. Through this examination, it becomes evident that sinful love, arising as sudden passion and challenging reason and morality, cannot prevail without both spiritual and physical fusion. Regardless of its tenacity, it ultimately yields to reason, demonstrating the triumph of intellect over primal instincts.
IDEOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF ICON SIGN IN THE POETRY OF EDUARD HARENTS
Authors: Zakaryan Hripsime
Published: December 2024

Being an integral element of the visual structure of the poem, the symbol, together with the image, becomes an icon, forms a sign-symbolic system of the text, forming the unity of the artistic system. The transformation of the semantic functions of a word into an icon and its use as a means of representation is characteristic of many of Eduard Harent’s poems.
The main feature of encoding artistic thought through icon signs is the two-quality feature of such codes, associated simultaneously with both the artistic situation and the icon sign, with a contemplative atmosphere stored in the context of a word-image, which leads to semantic complexity and semantic, so to speak, mixed quality that is formed as a result of intertextual interaction characterized by the specified feature.
In general, it is difficult to accurately determine all the prerequisites and foundations for the appearance of this or that icon, since their cultural connections are mediated by many literary and authorial events that complete, abstract and generalize. Therefore, the decoding of the icon sign should be considered at the origins of the specific poetic co-structure that carries them.
The object of study of the article is the icon and its functional feature in the poetry of Eduard Harents.
The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the choice of object: this article is the first attempt in this sense as a theoretical and literary study.
The theoretical value of the article lies in the fact that the study allows us to reflect on the theoretical foundations of the concept of iconotext endowed with icon signs, using the example of poetic texts by Eduard Harents, to consider the theoretical provisions of their application in a poetic text, as well as the acceptance of iconotext as a precedent visual phenomenon, which, having been introduced into the poetic structure, gives it an intertextual character. The purpose of the article is to simultaneously emphasize the special role of intertextuality in a literary text.
FIRST REACTIONS TO FRANZ WERFEL'S NOVEL "THE 40 DAYS OF MUSA DAG" IN ARMENIAN REALITY
Authors: Grigoryan Khoren
Published: December 2024

Franz Werfel's novel "The 40 Days of Musa Dagh" was published in 1933 and had several publications in Western Armenian translations, both Armenian and foreign authors turned to the novel, trying to present the value of the novel from both a historical and artistic point of view.
Several works that fell within the observation point of our study are of great importance for the impact and evaluation of the novel. The role, influence and reaction of the novel are shed light on the studies devoted to the novel by Manase Sevak, K. Paldzhyan (Vazgen Catholicos), Avetik Isahakyan, Alexander Pashayan, Asatur Pashayan, and Yair Auron.
These interpretations suggest that the novel was made even more important and popular because it was published by a Jewish author on the eve of the Jewish genocide, and that the novel was contemporary with World War II and that the Jewish people perceived it as an odyssey of their history, suffering, and struggle.
1915-20 All Armenians lost in self-defense battles during the genocide, but the defeat of the Armenians of Musa Dagh is the past of heroic resistance that feeds the identity of its current generations, which is also promoted by Franz Werfel's novel.
COLLAGE AS A WAY OF INTERTEXTUALITY (ACCORDING TO GURGEN KHANJYAN'S COLLAGES)
Authors: Hakobyan Hasmik
Published: December 2024

In the article, we have examined Gurgen Khanjyan's collages. Collage and collage thinking in general have a significant role in creating a connection between cultures, in dialogue and through this connection in discovering and understanding one's own identity. Beginning with an assessment of the narrativity of collage, this paper considers the communicative and structural poetics citing the example from Gurgen Khanjyan's works.
We came to the conclusion that Gurgen Khanjyan, by intertwining the artistic text with other text insertions and collage coding, expressed the complex path of national and individual identity searches, creating a multimodal intertextual structure, where each text is the absorption and transformation of another text. By using various texts and text symbols of world and Armenian literature, Khanjyan created a new structure with interpretive findings, which comprehensively presents the picture of the path taken by the poor man since the creation of the world, as defined by the author, the persistent and constant search for salvation full of hardships, the way to get rid of suffering, which continues and will continue, is endless. Each of the collage sections of Khanjyan's works (i.e., the prose and collage-image combinations) can be read either individually or as components of a larger interconnected sequence.
THE SYMBOL OF FIRE IN THE POETRY OF VAHAGN DAVTYAN
Authors: Grigoryan Emma
Published: December 2024

The imagery system of Vahagn Davtyan's poetry is shaped by the semantic pairings of land and fire, which on the one hand stand for land-homeland, nourishing power, holding power, and on the other hand for spiritual power, dream and longing. Davtyan dreamed of a fire all his life, but unfortunately the smoldering fire was at the core of his imagery as longing and illusion. In Davtyan's poetry, both earth and fire have a mystery that indicates the beginning, the origins. The poetic series "Ankez Moreni" is a vivid testimony of this. Symbolic solutions of fire are shaped by combinations of fire-freedom, life-fire, fire-immortality, fire-light, fire-woman, fire-passion, fire-longing. Symbolic signs of fire appear in the series as dead distant stars that "weep a tear in the night," with a splash of dead honey as "heavy light" and "dissolved sun," as the color of an exploding pomegranate as noon, "as a red cry of joy", with the image of a golden ray of the rejoicing sun. From among the cheering flames, which in this case symbolize the native nature burned in blood and fire, the once living image of that nature suddenly appears, appears and sinks into the flames again. The author compares that "blue and green" vision to the sunrise in the snowy mountains, which sprinkles down the valley, enriching the symbolic system of fire with another one. Even the native flock is sunny, whose feather the mother stork catches in its beak, the horses of the native world are red like flames. And the song of patriotism, as a holy liturgy, anoints the relic and remains like incense, unfolds its fiery lamentation in the burnt and thirsty desert.
The symbolic symbols of the four elements of natural philosophy are often combined in Davtyan's pictorial solutions, where the Davidian fire with multi-meaning symbolic solutions is at the core of various manifestations of national suffering.
THE PROBLEM OF DISINFORMATION IN THE MODERN ARMENIAN MEDIA SPACE
Authors: Martirosyan Artashes , Abgaryan Zhenya
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the problem of disinformation in the 21st century is due to the fact that false news is a problem or an obstacle for modern mass media, which is why very often correct news is also perceived as false. In order not to succumb to fake news, it is important to avoid it as much as possible, check the information received and identify fakes and, of course, fight them:
            The main agenda of the Armenian civil society in the fight against disinformation should include empowering independent media, achieving transparency regarding media ownership and financing, promoting media self-regulation mechanisms, fact-checking initiatives and media literacy training. Their main distributors are those structures that communicate with the public not to transmit information, but to promote their own opinions, spreading the attitude through manipulation.
         Fake news comes from a variety of sources, including local politicians, foreign influence campaigns, and independent online platforms. One effective way to fight disinformation is media literacy training, which will increase the public's ability to critically evaluate news sources and recognize misinformation, and strengthening journalism standards that will encourage the media to adhere to higher standards of accuracy and accountability. It is also necessary to promote cooperation between the government, media and civil society to create a united front to fight the spread of misinformation.
THE REPORTED INFORMATION OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY HARRISON DWIGHT ABOUT THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AMONG THE ARMENIANS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: Hovhannisyan Edgar
Published: December 2024

Protestantism became popular among Armenians generally through American missionaries, and already at the end of the 19th century, the number of Armenian Protestants, particularly in Western Armenia, saw a significant growth. Throughout their mission, the American Protestants collected a large volume of materials, which they later published and currently have an important sourceological value.
The work “Christianity Revived in the East, or a narrative of God's work among the Armenians of Turkey”, authored by Harrison Gray Otis Dwight is an essential source for a comprehensive study of the history of the spread of Protestantism in the Western Armenia. The latter, as an eyewitness and a direct participant of the process, provides us with interesting information, owing to which his work serves as a valuable source. However, it should be noted that the events and phenomena are sometimes presented by the author through the prism of biased, as well as just personal perceptions. The author's religious affiliation and the fact that he was an active preacher certainly influenced the entire process of writing the work. So, the author expresses his thoughts and gives his assessments from the point of view of his own religious, denominational and geopolitical perceptions.
The article presents the historiographical significance of this work in terms of studying the history of the spread of Protestantism among Western Armenians.
TYPES OF PROPHESIES։ AN INNOVATIVE APPOACH
Authors: Uzunyan Drtad
Published: December 2024

While prophecy constitutes the most important part of the Bible, it has been, in our opinion, its least analyzed subject. The interpretation of the prophecies has produced the most extensive works in the Christian tradition. While the messages of the prophets have been analyzed in detail, the phenomenon of “prophesy” itself has received little attention. This study presents a brief but innovative approach to the subject of prophecy and its types. An approach from the Jewish tradition handed down from the Middle Ages to the present day is taken and only a summary is presented, while a new diversification is proposed with a different approach.
In the first part of this study some studies from the Jewish and Armenian traditions about the types of prophesy are given with examples and examples of diversification are presented.
In the second part, the subject of Practical Types of Prophecy, which is our proposition, is discussed and it is explained which types of prophecies should be examined.
In conclusion we summarized our purpose and the main parts of the study.
PROJECTS AS A WAY OF DEVELOPING LEARNERS' COGNITIVE ABILITIES.
Authors: Hakobyan Greta , Kerobyan Sofya
Published: December 2024

Participatory  and  cooperative  pedagogies  are  relevant  to  all  levels  of  education,  as  well  as  to  all  educational  settings. Today one of the most important issues of education is the transfer of knowledge to life. From this point of view, the organization of works in the field of education through the project method is highly justified. Theoretical and practical issues are considered in the article.  The goals of project learning, ways of implementation are analyzed. We have tried to classify project works with a certain logic formulate,  the definition of educational project work, point out its features, specify the role and functions of the teacher. There is also justified  the importance of project-based learning of the 21st century skills within the framework of standard requirements for students' compitence  formation.
An example  of project work implemented in Balahovit secondary School is described in detail. The  content, process and structure of the work are  characterized. The main points and final results are also indicated. It is justified that as a educational technology, planned learning implies the integration of learner' psychological, pedagogical, subject and methodical knowledge.
Conclusions: project-based learning contributes to the development of the ability to set cognitive goals and find alternative ways of their implementation, ensures the formation of information culture, the development of communication skills, flexibility, independence and uniqueness of thinking. The result of the implementation of the project method, which helps to identify the interrelations of the elements of the logic of scientific research, is the development of creative cognitive abilities.
THE IDEOLOGY OF HUMAN THOROUGHNESS AND ETERNAL LOVE IN THE BALLAD “PARVANA” BY HOVHANNES HOVHANNES TUMANYAN
Authors: Ghazaryan Christine
Published: December 2024

Humanity has strived for thoroughness within all his conscious life,at the same time looking for it around,has tried to feel the delight of eternal love in the surrounding world.Both love and thoroughness in a human’s soul and around him create harmony.In the 21st century a very quickly changing human being,anyhow,also strives for this harmony.The ballad “Parvana”  written by Hovhannes Tumanyan is a creation having all these ideas in its base,what is an unequalled value in the rich treasury of our culture.The ballad language,structure, imaging-expressive different tools of the ballad emphasize the unique typical style of all Armenians writer Hovhannes Tumanyan.
In the "Parvana" ballad, the great writer also tried to give the etymology of the appearance of the butterflies circling around the Parvana lake, the light. He weaved a short story, expressing his thoughts and ideas.
The gem of Armenian literature, "Parvana", was highly appreciated by contemporaries and has its own place in Armenian literature.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF NOUN IN SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE KARIN DIALECT CONCLUSION
Authors: Markosyan Narine
Published: December 2024

The Karin dialect is one of the most widespread dialects of the K branch, which, coming from the depths of thousands of years, is still alive today.
In the present article we have presented a comparative study of the grammatical categories of nouns in several branches of the Karin dialect. For this purpose we have chosen three different regions being part of Georgia: Damala, the only Armenian village of the Aspindza region, Tsira village of the Akhaltsikhe region, Vachian village of the Akhalkalaki region. By taking the branches of different regions as the study material, we have tried to highlight all the commonalities and differences that are present both in the formation of the plural and in the declension of the mentioned branches.
PERAN HUKUM TATA NEGARA ADAT KALILI “TONDA TALUSI” DALAM PENGUATAN MODERASI BERAGAMA DI LEMBAH PALU
Authors: Abeng Tenriabeng , Randy Atma R Massi
Published: December 2024

Palu City is the capital of Central Sulawesi Province. The population data for 2021 shows a total of 377,030 residents, with a variety of ethnic groups residing in the city. The native ethnic group is the Kaili tribe. The majority of the population adheres to Islam (86.99%), followed by Christianity (10.65%), Catholicism (0.90%), Hinduism (0.93%), Buddhism (0.50%), and Confucianism (0.001%). This diversity carries both positive and negative aspects. Conflicts arising from ethnic and religious differences frequently occur; however, it is interesting to note that the largest ethnic group in the Palu valley, the Kaili community, is characterized by openness to diversity. This unique characteristic makes it worthwhile to examine the Kaili people's capacity to foster religious moderation in Palu through their traditional system, known as “Tonda Talusi”. This research is qualitative in nature, specifically library research. The findings indicate that Tonda Talusi is a philosophy of the Kaili indigenous people, illustrating a harmonious relationship between humans and the universe, between humans themselves, and with God. Tonda Talusi refers to the three "supports" (pillars) of life in the Kaili indigenous community. The principles of unity in Tonda Talusi philosophy encompass three pillars of Kaili community life, based on values of goodness, namely: Matuvu Mosipeili, meaning “seeing each other”; Matuvu Mosiepe, meaning “listening to each other”; and Matuvu Mosimpotove, meaning “loving each other.”
Las prácticas de lectoescritura de Raimunda Marques do Nascimento en la Educación Indígena Diferenciada Tremembé
Authors: Pereira Pinto Arliene Stephanie Menezes , Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza
Published: December 2024

La educación escolar se impone a los pueblos indígenas desde el inicio de la colonización brasileña como forma de aculturación. Esta investigación se centra en la historia de vida de la protagonista de la Educación Indígena Diferenciada en el estado de Ceará, Raimunda Marques do Nascimento, de la etnia Tremembé. Se trata de una educadora cuya trayectoria vital ha estado marcada por su activismo y que, en 1991, fundó la primera Escuela Indígena Diferenciada del estado. El objetivo es describir las prácticas educativas llevadas a cabo por Raimundinha en la interfaz con el contexto social, cultural y político de la educación indígena en Ceará. La metodología adoptada fue la Historia Oral Híbrida. La recolección de datos consistió en narraciones orales que fueron grabadas, textualizadas y validadas por los entrevistados (indígenas y no indígenas). Se constató que Raimundinha Marques había desarrollado una práctica innovadora, motivada por las experiencias negativas que había tenido en escuelas no indígenas. Así, fundó la escuela Alegria do Mar, en la aldea de Praia de Almofala, en el municipio de Itarema, Ceará. Sus prácticas educativas valoraban el conocimiento cultural indígena y se centraban no sólo en los procesos de lectoescritura, sino en la transmisión de la cultura de su pueblo, haciendo hincapié en el Torém, el ritual sagrado del pueblo Tremembé. Se puede concluir que la práctica de lectura y escritura de Raimunda fue diferente de la educación convencional, dejando un legado educativo para los pueblos indígenas del estado de Ceará.
Generación de estrategias de lectura inferencial de textos académicos mediante herramientas de IA
Authors: Mateo Girona María Teresa , Gómez Sáenz de Miera Teresa
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio se centra en proporcionar estrategias de lectura inferencial para que los docentes puedan implementarlas en las aulas para mejorar la competencia lectora de los discentes. Para ello, se recurre a distintas técnicas de la ingeniería de prompt basada en el uso del modelo del PLN. La finalidad de este trabajo es ampliar el discurso sobre las estrategias de inferencia lectora mediante el empleo de tres herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial, con el objeto de fomentar la enseñanza explícita de estrategias de lectura inferencial para mejorar la comprensión de textos, especialmente para promover el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y la creatividad de los estudiantes, a través de la interconexión de los textos. Para llevar a cabo este  estudio, se selecciona un conjunto representativo de textos sobre didáctica, y se identifican las estrategias de lectura inferencial utilizadas por los chatbots para resumir dichos textos. Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis de las inferencias presentes en los intertextos identificados. Finalmente, se interpretan los resultados en el contexto de las estrategias de comprensión inferencial y se evidencia que los chatbots pueden contribuir al desarrollo de la lectura inferencial, lo que resalta la relevancia de enseñar y practicar en las aulas estrategias de lectura con el fin de mejorar la competencia lectora
La lectura de cuentos populares en el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas en contextos multiculturales: un estudio de caso en la formación del profesorado de secundaria
Authors: Ballester Roca Josep , Méndez Cabrera Jerónimo
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo propone un estudio de caso enmarcado en la formación del profesorado de secundaria que viene a ejemplificar las posibilidades educativas de la lectura de cuentos populares para el aprendizaje del catalán como segunda lengua en contextos multiculturales. Se ha optado por la investigación en acción tutorizada como método de investigación cualitativa, incluyendo cuestionarios pre y post y la intervención en un grupo-aula de un centro público de Gandía (Valencia), mediante una selección de muestra por muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Dicha intervención ha consistido en una secuencia didáctica vertebrada a partir de la realidad y necesidades del contexto de aplicación, considerando los requisitos curriculares de la etapa y teniendo en cuenta las premisas teóricas y principios de actuación de la educación lectora, literaria e intercultural. Los resultados permiten observar la implementación de una serie de estrategias en el aula para el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas que, partiendo de la lectura de los cuentos populares, favorecen la inclusión, participación y motivación del alumnado. Todo ello permite la validación como ejemplo de las elecciones metodológicas y estrategias didácticas realizadas por la docente en prácticas, atendiendo al contexto específico de intervención educativa.
El libro ilustrado de no ficción en la Biblioteca Pública Provincial de Cádiz. Un análisis del fondo infantil y juvenil
Authors: Sánchez Arjona Eva , Saiz Pantoja Roberto
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo analiza el fondo infantil y juvenil de libros ilustrados de no ficción de la Biblioteca Pública Provincial de Cádiz para determinar el lugar que ocupa este género, establecer sus características distintivas y explorar los efectos de su organización en los usuarios. En el marco de un estudio de caso evaluativo, se siguieron tres fases que combinaron diversas técnicas de recogida de información: 1) análisis de los datos del fondo aportados por la biblioteca a partir de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión elaborados ad hoc para caracterizar al libro ilustrado de no ficción; 2) análisis documental de contenido de las obras de no ficción identificadas en el fondo; 3) observación sistemática de la organización del fondo de no ficción en la sala infantil y juvenil. Los resultados indican que el fondo de no ficción se caracteriza por la presencia de obras propias de épocas anteriores, siendo también representativo, aunque en menor medida, el número de obras de editoriales especializadas que apuestan por la incorporación de elementos visuales, artísticos e interactivos. Además, se detectaron más obras de ciencias naturales que de ciencias sociales, resultados paralelos a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible que subyacen en las obras analizadas. Finalmente, se observó una inadecuada organización y disposición de estas obras en la sala, dificultando su acceso a los usuarios en términos de visibilidad y movilidad. Se concluye presentando las principales fortalezas y debilidades del fondo y se proponen acciones de mejora para garantizar una promoción adecuada del género.
¿Conocen los estudiantes el vocabulario legal básico? Diferencias según sexo y estudios en España y Latinoamérica
Authors: Ramírez Miranda Durga Edelmira , Orozco Gómez Patricia , Martín Ezpeleta Antonio León , Barrientos Báez Almudena Carmen
Published: December 2024

Este estudio analiza el conocimiento del léxico legal básico entre estudiantes universitarios de España y América Latina, examinando diferencias por sexo y tipo de estudios. Se aplicó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental, recopilando datos de 850 estudiantes de universidades en España, Perú, Chile, Argentina y Colombia. El análisis incluyó pruebas t de Student y ANOVA para comparar el conocimiento del léxico legal en función de variables como género y área académica. Los resultados revelaron que los hombres obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en términos técnicos como exonerar y habeas corpus, mientras que las mujeres destacaron en términos prácticos como arrendatario. Asimismo, los estudiantes de Derecho y Económicas demostraron el mayor dominio del léxico legal, en contraste con los puntajes más bajos registrados en disciplinas artísticas. Estas diferencias reflejan tanto la influencia del contexto educativo como posibles sesgos culturales y de exposición previa al léxico especializado. Ciencias sociales puntúa bajo y estudios artísticos no llega a la media. El estudio subraya la importancia de integrar el aprendizaje del léxico legal en los programas educativos para fomentar competencias ciudadanas más inclusivas y robustas. Se recomienda ampliar la investigación mediante enfoques longitudinales y muestras más representativas para abordar las limitaciones del diseño y contexto del presente trabajo.
Quality Characteristics of Cookies Made with Red Rice Flour Composite Flour
Authors: Yee Leong Kar , Ibrahim Syaidahtull Naseha , Ronie Macdalyna Esther , Abdul Aziz Ahmad Hazim , Kobun Rovin , Pindi Wolyna , Roslan Jumardi , Ridhwan Norazlina Md , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Mamat Hasmadi
Published: December 2024

Red rice flour (RRF) is renowned for its nutritional richness, particularly in terms of total dietary fiber and essential minerals. This flour is derived from red rice, a variety of rice known for its distinctive red husk and bran layer. The study aimed to identify the best formulation through sensory evaluation, determine nutritional composition, physical characteristics, and assess shelf life compared to a control cookie. Five formulations of red rice cookies were prepared with RRF substitution levels ranging from 20% to 100%. The F2 red rice cookie with 40% RRF substitution was chosen as the best formulation based on sensory evaluation. It showed similarities to the control cookie in terms of sensory attributes. Nutritional analysis revealed lower moisture and crude protein content but higher crude fiber and total dietary fiber in the F2 compared to the control. Physical analysis showed lower hardness and different color characteristics for the F2. Consumer study results indicated high acceptability for the F2 red rice cookie. In conclusion, this study offers a promising strategy to improve the nutritional profile of cookies by boosting their dietary fiber content, effectively addressing a common deficiency observed in cookies made with conventional wheat flour.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Storage Stability of Sheep Tail Fat
Authors: Bozdemir Merve , Gençcelep Hüseyin , Yüzer Mustafa Onur
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effects of various physical, chemical, and technological properties of sheep tail fat (fresh and ghee) as well as different storage durations, storage temperatures, and the use of additives on the storage stability of thermally processed sheep tail fat (ghee tail fat) were investigated. To prevent lipid oxidation and other degradation factors during use after long-term storage, salt and antioxidant additives were used. Samples were stored in glass jars at 25ºC, +4ºC, and -18ºC for 90 days. The moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents of fresh tail fat was determined as 11.2%, 3.47%, 85.0%, and 0.07%, respectively. In clarified fat, the moisture content was determined as 0.4%, protein content as 2.98%, fat content as 96.0%, and ash content as 0.05%. Additionally, the cholesterol content in tail fat was 60 mg/100 g in fresh tail fat and 58 mg/100 g in ghee tail fat. The pH values of fats were determined as 5.7 in fresh samples and 6.2 in ghee samples. The fatty acid compositions of samples revealed that the dominant fatty acid groups in both fresh and ghee sheep tail fat were palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids. Fresh tail fat stored at room temperature deteriorated in terms of chemical properties (FFA, peroxide, and TBA) within 7 days, while those stored at +4ºC deteriorated within 15 days. However, thermally processed samples were preserved without deterioration for 60 days at these storage temperatures.
Validation of an HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Ascorbic and Oxalic Acids in Beverages
Authors: Aksin Biltekin Gülşen , Akdoğan Abdullah , Soylak Mustafa , Divrikli Ümit
Published: December 2024

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP/HPLC-UV) method was developed for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of ascorbic and oxalic acids in both industrial and freshly squeezed beverages. Due to the rapid degradation of ascorbic acid, its stability was also investigated. The analysis was performed using an Inertsil ODS-3 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 mol L⁻¹ KH₂PO₄ phosphate buffer at pH 2.3. Detection wavelengths were set at 245 nm for ascorbic acid and 205 nm for oxalic acid. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.4 mg L⁻¹ for ascorbic acid and 1.3 mg L⁻¹ for oxalic acid. After 48 hours of opening an industrial fruit juice package, an 18.5% reduction in ascorbic acid content was found. The method demonstrated within-day repeatability (n = 3) of 4.1% for ascorbic acid and 4.6% for oxalic acid. Between-day precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was 3.85% for ascorbic acid and 4.33% for oxalic acid, based on 10 replicates (n= 10). The accuracy of the method was validated with an average recovery rate ranging from 93% to 104%.
Consumer Interest and Its Effect on Purchase Intention for Plant-Based Milk Substitutes
Authors: Tavmaşat Tuğba , Göksel Saraç Meryem , Uğur Uğur , Pelincan Özlem
Published: December 2024

Interest in plant-based milk substitutes has been increasing steadily. This growing demand can be attributed to various factors, including health concerns, environmental awareness, and ethical values. Among the health-related reasons are lactose intolerance and cow’s milk allergy, both of which have become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Additionally, the rising diversity in consumer diets, such as veganism and vegetarianism, has made plant-based milk substitutes a suitable alternative for these groups. Plant-based milk substitutes are suspensions made from various raw materials, such as cereals, pseudo-cereals, legumes, nuts, and seeds, dissolved in water. These products resemble cow’s milk in appearance. In many countries, including Türkiye, the term “milk” is used in a broader sense to refer not only to animal-derived milk but also to plant-based milk-like beverages, which have become more prominent in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plant-based milk substitutes, consumer interest in these products, and purchase intention. A total of 400 consumers aged 18 years and older participated in the study, with 392 valid questionnaires included in the analysis. Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between consumer interest and purchase intention, while regression analysis was used to determine the effects of interest on purchase intention. Results of collinearity analyses revealed a positive and significant relationship between consumer interest and purchase intention. Furthermore, the regression analysis demonstrated that consumer interest has a significant impact on purchase intention. It was concluded that as consumer interest increases, purchase intention also rises.
Limonlarda Bulunan Bazı Fungisit Kalıntıları Üzerine Evsel Gıda İşleme Yöntemlerinin Etkisi
Authors: Acoğlu Çelik Büşra , Yolcı Ömeroğlu Perihan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, limon meyvesi ve ürünlerindeki bazı fungisit kalıntılarına evsel işleme yöntemlerinin etkilerini belirlenmektir. Araştırmada, limon ve işlenmiş ürünlerinde imazalil ve thiophanate-methyl kalıntılarının analizi için QuEChERS (Hızlı, Kolay, Ucuz, Etkili, Sağlam ve Güvenli) yöntemi başarıyla uygulanmıştır. Limonun meyve eti, suyu ve reçel gibi işlenmiş ürünlerinde gerçekleştirilen analizler, pestisit kalıntı seviyelerinin %88 ile %100 arasında önemli ölçüde azaltılabildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu durum, pestisitlerin fizikokimyasal özelliklerine (log Po/w değeri, polarite ve çözünürlük gibi) ve limonun biyolojik yapısına bağlanmıştır. Ancak, limon kabuğu ve rendelenmiş dondurulmuş kabuk gibi ürünlerde pestisit kalıntı seviyelerinde artış gözlenmiştir. Bu artış, pestisitlerin kabuk yüzeyinde birikme eğilimiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, işleme faktörlerinin pestisitlerin fizikokimyasal özelliklerine ve uygulanan işleme yöntemlerine bağlı olarak değiştiği görülmüştür. Meyve eti, limon suyu ve reçel gibi ürünlerde işleme faktörleri 1’den küçük bulunmuş, bu da bu işlemlerin pestisit kalıntılarını azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan, kabuklu ürünlerde işleme faktörlerinin 1’den büyük olduğu ve bu işlenmiş ürünlerde kalıntı birikiminin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Дуб черешчатый (Quercus robur L.) у северной границы естественного ареала
Authors: Фирсов Г.А. , Ярмишко В.Т. , Хмарик А.Г.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается история и современное состояние старейших экземпляров дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.) – важнейшего вида деревьев для лесного и садово-паркового хозяйства Санкт-Петербурга и пригородной зоны. Анализируются представители данного вида, произрастающие вблизи северной границы своего ареала и являющиеся крупнейшими и старейшими среди деревьев местной флоры в Санкт-Петербурге и его окрестностях. На северном побережье Финского залива сохраняются очень старые и крупные дикорастущие деревья дуба черешчатого в пределах городской черты, возраст которых превышает возраст основания Санкт-Петербурга. Например, дерево у посёлка Лисий Нос, возраст которого авторы статьи оценивают не менее чем 450 лет. Отмечается ухудшение состояния дуба черешчатого, в связи с чем актуально создание базы данных по старым сохранившимся деревьям и принятие мер по продлению жизни каждого уникального дерева.

The article presents the history and current state of the oldest specimens of English oak (Quercus robur L.) – the most important tree species for forestry, and gardening in St. Petersburg and its suburban area. The authors analyze representatives of this species that grow near the northern borders of their range and are the largest and oldest among the trees of the local flora in St. Petersburg and its environs. On the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, very old and large English oak trees are preserved, growing wild within the city limits, which appeared even before the founding of St. Petersburg. For example, a tree near the village of Lisiy Nos, the age of which the authors of the article estimate to be no less than 450 years. There has been a deterioration in the condition of the Quercus robur, and therefore it is important to create a database of old surviving trees and take measures to extend the life of each unique tree.
Влияние гидрологических факторов на устойчивость темнохвойных лесов Европейской части России
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Ачиколова Ю.С. , Астапов Д.О. , Лямцев Н.И. , Сидоренкова Е.М. , Букась А.В.
Published: December 2024

В работе рассмотрены вопросы связи устойчивости темнохвойных лесов Европейской части России в различных лесорастительных условиях с уровнем залегания грунтовых вод. Разработана технология, позволяющая определять уровень и глубину залегания грунтовых вод на основе современных методов геоинформационного анализа данных радиолокационной съемки и геог­рафической базы данных гидрологических объектов. Получены статистические связи с общей и средней площадью гибели темнохвойных лесов и уровнем грунтовых вод. Установлены критерии снижения устойчивости темнохвойных лесов в зависимости от глубины залегания грунтовых вод. Полученные результаты представляют практический интерес при разработке эффективных стратегий ведения лесного хозяйства в темнохвойных лесах.

The study examines the relationship between dark coniferous forests sustainabilityin various forest conditions and the groundwater level. We have developed the technology allowing to determine the groundwater level and depth based on modern methods of geoinformation analysis of radar survey data and a hydrological objects geographic database. Statistical relationships of total and average dead forests area and groundwater levels were obtained. Criteria for reducing dark coniferous forests stability depending on the groundwaterdepth have been established. The study results are of practical interest in effective strategies development for forest management in dark coniferous forests.
Комплекс пядениц как угроза лиственным лесам центральных регионов европейской части России
Authors: Гниненко Ю.И. , Некляев С.Э. , Чилахсаева Е.А.
Published: December 2024

Описано развитие вспышки массового размножения трех видов пядениц в березняках центра европейской части России. Приведён видовой состав комплекса пядениц, проанализировано формирование их очагов в этом обширном регионе, что позволяет спрогнозировать нанесение сильных повреждений кронам деревьев в начале 2025 г. Показано, что вспышки размножения зимней пяденицы впервые были обнаружены здесь в середине ХIХ в., а северной пяденицы ранее не фиксировались. Зимняя пяденица чаще всего формировала очаги в садах или дубравах, а северная пяденица предпочитает березняки. Сделан вывод, что реализация вспышек стала возможной из-за изменения климата, в связи с чем требуется внесение существенных новаций в организацию службы защиты леса.

A developing outbreak of mass reproduction of several species of Geometridae in the birch forests of the center of the European part of Russia is described. The species composition of these moths is given, an analysis of the formation of foci of three species of moths in this vast region is made. It is shown that outbreaks of the winter moth were first discovered here in the middle of the 19th century, and outbreaks of mass reproduction of the northern moth were not previously recorded. The winter moth most often formed foci in gardens or oak forests, and the northern moth prefers birch forests.
Causes of eutrophication in small water reservoirs in urban areas
Authors: Ziółek Marta , Mięsiak-Wójcik Katarzyna , Kończak Magdalena , Pliżga Mariusz , Siwek Krzysztof , Chmiel Stanisław
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the causes of eutrophication in small urban water reservoirs located in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, supplied via surface and groundwater. The research (hydrological, hydrobiological, and hydrochemical), which included both field and laboratory work, was conducted during the growing season in the years 2022–2023. These ponds are fed by waters from the Czechówka River and, to a lesser extent, by groundwater (seepage). Both river and groundwater are characterised by high concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, ranging from 1.49 to 12.0 mg N∙dm–3 and 0.07 to 0.21 mg P∙dm–3, respectively. This contributes to the intensive development of phytoplankton, especially during the summer period, with diatoms dominating the phytoplankton structure. The trophic state of the ponds ranges from eutrophic to hypertrophic. The study showed that the high degree of eutrophication was due to the load of nutrients delivered by the waters of the Czechówka River. Despite having several times higher concentrations of mineral and total nitrogen than in the river water, the spring water feeding the ponds had a negligible impact on the quality of the pond water due to low flow rate (<0.5 dm3∙s−1). Therefore, the construction of urban ponds as part of green-blue infrastructure should consider the possibility of reducing nutrients through biogeochemical barriers and suspended sedimentation. It is also advisable to partially shade the water surface by planting trees in the shoreline zone to limit water heating and phytoplankton development.
Exploring crisis management response to hybrid threats and warfare
Authors: Tikanmäki Ilkka , Ruoslahti Harri
Published: December 2024

Crisis management (CM) operations and organisations may face internal, external and hybrid threats (HTs) against their information and/or personnel. This research looks at how selected European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and national perspectives address internal, external and global HTs and influence, even warfare, and maps some relevant strategies to prepare against them in a CM context. Strategies to fight against HTs include relevant political debate and decision-making, integration of EU- and national-level security into critical infrastructure and regular preparedness exercises. Responses to HTs call for relevant technical, situational awareness and problem-solving skills. This research shows how collaboration and situation understanding can assist in detecting and responding to possible cyber and HTs against CM operations. This study examines how collaboration and understanding the situation assist in detecting and responding to HTs to CM operations. There is evidence that information exchange and collaboration are important elements in the fight against hybrid influence and war. Combating misinformation through public education campaigns can support both the civilian and military elements of CM operations. Specific training can be designed to counter aggressive propaganda and disinformation efforts against personnel in CM operations. This maintains one’s initiative and trust in the aims of the mission.