bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twitter speaks: A case of national disaster situational awareness
Authors: Karami Amir , Shah Vishal , Vaezi Reza , Bansal Amit
Published: March 2019

In recent years, we have been faced with a series of natural disasters causing a tremendous amount of financial, environmental and human losses. The unpredictable nature of natural disasters behaviour makes it hard to have a comprehensive situational awareness (SA) to support disaster management. Using opinion surveys is a traditional approach to analyse public concerns during natural disasters; however, this approach is limited, expensive and time-consuming. Luckily, the advent of social media has provided scholars with an alternative means of analysing public concerns. Social media enable users (people) to freely communicate their opinions and disperse information regarding current events including natural disasters. This research emphasises the value of social media analysis and proposes an analytical framework: Twitter Situational Awareness (TwiSA). This framework uses text mining methods including sentiment analysis and topic modelling to create a better SA for disaster preparedness, response and recovery. TwiSA has also effectively deployed on a large number of tweets and tracks the negative concerns of people during the 2015 South Carolina flood.
What is Latin American? Literary perspectives for reflecting on our identity
Authors: Evangelista-Ávila Iram Isaí , Mendoza Erbey , Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D.
Published: March 2019

This article presents certain Latin American traits from the works of four prestigious and contemporary Latin American writers: Gioconda Belli, Gonzalo Rojas, Augusto Monterroso y Juan José Arreola. The traits discussed include politics, the religious cult, the messianic vision, family, couples and the father figure. We argue that it is very important for people to understand their own culture and identity, to explore and not abandon the conversations about their countries’ literary works, as they reflect, report and critique them.
Disgusting microbes: The effect of disgust on perceptions of risks related to modifying microbiomes
Authors: Yeo Sara K. , Sun Ye , McKasy Meaghan , Shugart Erika C.
Published: March 2019

Research on perceived risks of scientific issues has largely overlooked the influence of disgust as a predictor. Here, we examine the impact of disgust on perceived risks of modifying microbiomes using a 2 (emotion) × 2 (focus) experiment embedded in an online survey. We find evidence of moderated mediation where individuals exposed to an article about microbiome research and therapies with explicit references to disgusting stimuli perceived greater risk through a mediating variable, elicited disgust. This indirect effect is moderated by the focus of the article; those who viewed a human-focused article experienced greater disgust and reported greater perceived risks. These findings have implications for assessing and addressing lay audiences’ reactions to an emerging issue that has significant societal implications.
Emergent emergency response: Speed, event suppression and the chronopolitics of resilience
Authors: Zebrowski Chris
Published: March 2019

Emergency responses are premised on the hope that, even when events cannot be wholly predicted and prevented, timely action in the present can be exercised to strip an emergent event of its disruptive potential. Yet, while the speed of emergency responses plays a critical role in underpinning UK resilience, it has been a relatively neglected subject in studies of resilience advanced through the paradigm of preparedness. This article aims to contribute to and extend work in the field of emergency governance by arguing that concerns surrounding the speed of response contribute to a distinct form of security enacted in contemporary emergency response strategies, which I term ‘event suppression’. Drawing on policy analysis, preparedness exercise observations and practitioner interviews, this article investigates how speed operates as a core problematic informing the design of UK emergency responses, organized through the Integrated Emergency Management framework. Integrated Emergency Management promises to accelerate emergency response operations by utilizing advances in communications technologies to drive the bottom-up emergent self-organization of emergency responses. Event suppression ensures security not by preventing an event from happening, but by quickly closing down the ‘disruptive’ time of the emergency event and restoring the linear historical time of standard political processes.
Subjective and Objective Assessment of Taste and Smell Sensation in Advanced Cancer
Authors: McGettigan Niamh , Dhuibhir Pauline Uí , Barrett Michelle , Sui Jessica , Balding Lucy , Higgins Stephen , O’Leary Norma , Kennedy Aileen , Walsh Declan
Published: March 2019

Context:

Taste and smell abnormalities (TSA) occur throughout the cancer trajectory regardless of cancer primary site and contribute to cancer-associated malnutrition. TSA etiology is poorly understood. Tumor-related inflammation is a possible cause.

Objective:

This study examined the prevalence, characteristics, and severity of TSA in advanced cancer and explored the relationship between TSA and nutritional status. No previous study combined subjective and objective measures for both taste and smell assessment in this population.

Method:

Consecutive advanced cancer hospice patients were recruited. A modified version of the “Taste and Smell Survey” assessed subjective TSA. Validated taste strips and “Sniffin’ Sticks” were the objective measures. The abridged patient-generated subjective global assessment evaluated nutritional status.

Results:

A 93% prevalence of TSA in 30 patients with advanced cancer was identified. When subjective and objective evaluations were combined, 28 had taste abnormalities, 24 smell abnormalities, and 24 both. Taste changes included “persistent bad taste” (n = 18) and changes in how basic tastes were perceived. Half reported smell was not “as strong” as prediagnosis, while more than half (n = 16) had an objective smell abnormality. Most (97%) were at risk of malnutrition. Fatigue, dry mouth, early satiety, and anorexia were common nutrition-impact symptoms. No statistically significant relationship was found between TSA and malnutrition scores.

Conclusions:

TSA were highly prevalent. Subjective taste and smell changes did not always accord with objective TSA, suggesting both assessments are valuable. TSA characteristics varied, and particular foods tasted and smelled different and were not enjoyed as before. TSA are common, high-impact problems in advanced cancer.
Women’s Experience of Infertility and Disenfranchised Grief
Authors: McBain Tristan D. , Reeves Patricia
Published: March 2019

Infertility grief often takes an emotional and mental toll on the affected woman. This phenomenological study examined women’s experiences of infertility grief and how their grief has been disenfranchised by other people in their lives. Interviews were conducted with eight women who met criteria for infertility and were U.S. residents. The women were asked to share aspects of their grief associated with infertility and findings were categorized into the three domains of disenfranchised grief. Findings provided a greater understanding of how women experienced invalidation from others and how invalidation further complicated their grief. Implications included how to increase support for infertile women and provide validating counseling services.
Expression and Characterization of Human Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Isoforms and Interacting Proteins in Human Cells
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Wang Guangli , He Wei-Wu , Losh Molly , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Funk William E
Published: March 2019

Fragile X mental retardation protein is an mRNA-binding protein associated with phenotypic manifestations of fragile X syndrome, an X-linked disorder caused by mutation in the FMR1 gene that is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Despite the well-studied genetic mechanism of the disease, the proteoforms of fragile X mental retardation protein have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we report the expression and mass spectrometric characterization of human fragile X mental retardation protein. FMR1 cDNA clone was transfected into human HEK293 cells to express the full-length human fragile X mental retardation protein. Purified fragile X mental retardation protein was subjected to trypsin digestion and characterized by mass spectrometry. Results show 80.5% protein sequence coverage of fragile X mental retardation protein (Q06787, FMR1_HUMAN) including both the N- and C-terminal peptides, indicating successful expression of the full-length protein. Identified post-translational modifications include N-terminal acetylation, phosphorylation (Ser600), and methylation (Arg290, 471, and 474). In addition to the full-length fragile X mental retardation protein isoform (isoform 6), two endogenous fragile X mental retardation protein alternative splicing isoforms (isoforms 4 and 7), as well as fragile X mental retardation protein interacting proteins, were also identified in the co-purified samples, suggesting the interaction network of the human fragile X mental retardation protein. Quantification was performed at the peptide level, and this information provides important reference for the future development of a targeted assay for quantifying fragile X mental retardation protein in clinical samples. Collectively, this study provides the first comprehensive report of human fragile X mental retardation protein proteoforms and may help advance the mechanistic understanding of fragile X syndrome and related phenotypes associated with the FMR1 mutation.
Aberrant Cytokeratin 20 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood and Lymph Nodes Indicates Micrometastasis and Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: You Xiaolan , Wang Yuanjie , Wu Jian , Liu Qinghong , Chen Dehu , Tang Dong , Wang Daorong
Published: March 2019

Several studies suggest that peripheral blood and lymph node micrometastases may be a causative factor for gastric cancer recurrence. Cytokeratin 20 shows enriched expression in intestinal epithelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of monitoring cytokeratin 20 levels in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of patients with gastric cancer for detecting micrometastasis and predicting prognosis. We detected messenger RNA levels of cytokeratin 20 in gastric cancer cell lines and in the peripheral blood of 125 patients (85 patients with gastric cancer and 40 patients with benign neoplasm) by fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction both before and after radical resection. In all, 1586 lymph node samples from 85 patients with gastric cancer were evaluated for cytokeratin 20 expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction, as well as by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-pan-keratin and anti-cytokeratin 20 antibodies. All patients underwent follow-up until cancer-related death or for more than 3 years after tumor resection. We found that elevated cytokeratin 20 expression in peripheral blood as detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction closely correlates with poor clinicopathological characteristics. Detecting cytokeratin 20 messenger RNA in the lymph nodes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction enabled more accurate determination of the clinicopathological staging of gastric cancer, best treatment approach, and prognosis. Our findings show that patients with increased cytokeratin 20 messenger RNA expression in the peripheral blood or lymph nodes have a shorter time to recurrence and poorer overall survival.
Trigger Warnings Are Trivially Helpful at Reducing Negative Affect, Intrusive Thoughts, and Avoidance
Authors: Sanson Mevagh , Strange Deryn , Garry Maryanne
Published: March 2019

Students are requesting and professors issuing trigger warnings—content warnings cautioning that college course material may cause distress. Trigger warnings are meant to alleviate distress students may otherwise experience, but multiple lines of research suggest trigger warnings could either increase or decrease symptoms of distress. We examined how these theories translate to this applied situation. Across six experiments, we gave some college students and Internet users a trigger warning but not others, exposed everyone to one of a variety of negative materials, then measured symptoms of distress. To better estimate trigger warnings’ effects, we conducted mini meta-analyses on our data, revealing trigger warnings had trivial effects—people reported similar levels of negative affect, intrusions, and avoidance regardless of whether they had received a trigger warning. Moreover, these patterns were similar among people with a history of trauma. These results suggest a trigger warning is neither meaningfully helpful nor harmful.
Pelvic Incidence in Spines With 4 and 6 Lumbar Vertebrae
Authors: Abola Matthew V. , Teplensky Jason R. , Cooperman Daniel R. , Bauer Jennifer M. , Liu Raymond W.
Published: March 2019

Study Design:

Anatomical study.

Objectives:

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of abnormal lumbar vertebrae (4 and 6) and note any differences in pelvic incidence (PI) between spines with 4, 5, and 6 lumbar vertebrae.

Methods:

We screened 2980 dry cadaveric specimens from an osteological collection. Pelvises were reconstructed by articulating the sacra and innominate bones. PI was measured in all specimens via lateral photographs. L6-pelvic incidence (L6PI) was also measured, by articulating L6 to the sacrum and measuring PI from the superior aspect of the L6 vertebral body.

Results:

Of the specimens screened, 969 specimens were evaluated. Average age of death for all specimens was 50.4 ± 15.4 years. The prevalence of 6 lumbar vertebrae was 0.8% (n = 23), and the prevalence of 4 lumbar vertebrae was 1.8% (n = 54). PI measured 38.5° in specimens with 4 lumbar vertebrae, and 46.7° and 47.1° in specimens with 5 and 6 lumbar vertebrae, respectively. PI was significantly different between specimens with 4 and 5 lumbar vertebrae ( P < .001) but not between specimens with 5 and 6 lumbar vertebrae ( P = .38). For specimens with 6 lumbar vertebrae, when L6 was added to the sacrum, mean L6PI was 27.4°.

Conclusions:

In our large cadaveric study of full spines, we reported a lower prevalence of spines with 4 and 6 lumbar vertebrae compared to previous studies. PI was significantly decreased in subjects with 4 lumbar vertebrae compared with those with normal spines, and special caution should be taken when managing sagittal balance in these patients.
Preoperative planning of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy using 3D computer-aided design weight-bearing simulated guidance: Technique and preliminary result
Authors: Chernchujit Bancha , Tharakulphan Suthee , Prasetia Renaldi , Chantarapanich Nattapon , Jirawison Choen , Sitthiseripratip Kriskrai
Published: March 2019

Background:

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an established treatment for uni-compartmental osteoarthritis with varus deformity in relatively active young patients with good knee mobility. The most important factor for success and low complications of HTO is the precise correction of osteotomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative planning of open-wedge HTO using t3D computer-aided design (CAD) weight-bearing simulated guidance technique for the succession of surgery.

Materials and methods:

Nineteen patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited between July 2013 and June 2014. 3D CAD weight-bearing simulated guidance technique was obtained from standard anterior–posterior, lateral of hip-to-ankle full leg standing radiographs, and computed tomography (CT) scan provided the weight-bearing corrective axis of preoperative planning and predictive corrective mechanical axis value. Post-operative mechanical axis value was obtained after surgery.

Results:

This comparative study between the predictive corrective, using 3D CAD weight-bearing simulated guidance technique, and post-operative mechanical axis value, analysed with t-test statistical analysis, showed the insignificant difference ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

We conclude that the 3D CAD weight-bearing simulated guidance technique has good accuracy as preoperative planning of open-wedge HTO for succession surgery.
Innovative technique of minimally invasive closed reduction for impacted femoral neck fractures (MICRIF)
Authors: Noda Mitsuaki , Takahashi Masayasu , Nukuto Koji , Fujita Masahiro , Shinohara Issei , Suda Yoshihito , Ohsawa Shin
Published: March 2019

The moment arm of gluteus medius proportionated to distance from femoral head tends to be decreased postoperatively in valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures treated by in situ internal fixation. The aim of this article is to introduce a new gentle technique to correct the deformity. The innovative technique of Minimally Invasive Closed Reduction for Impacted Femoral neck fractures (MICRIF) mainly focused to disimpact valgus neck fractures into anatomical position. Patients were positioned on the fracture table to fix the hip joint in abduction and internal rotation. A 2.4-mm diameter Kirschner wire was inserted a few centimetres outside the iliac crest piercing the acetabular beak to enter the femoral head, followed by repositioning of the lower extremity from abduction into neutral. This method provides satisfactory anatomical reduction. Thereafter, a surgical implant was applied to osteosynthesize the reduced fracture. This simple technique effectively provides anatomical reduction in valgus impacted femoral neck fracture.
At the Foot of the Grave: Challenging Collective Memories of Violence in Post-Franco Spain
Authors: Iturriaga Nicole
Published: March 2019

Understanding the development and meaning of collective memory is a central interest for sociologists. One aspect of this literature focuses on the processes that social movement actors use to introduce long-silenced counter-memories of violence to supplant the “official” memory. To examine this, I draw on 15 months of ethnographic observations with the Spanish Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory (ARMH) and 200 informal and 30 formal interviews with locals and activists. This paper demonstrates that ARMH activists, during forensic classes given at mass grave exhumations, use multiple tactics (depoliticized science framing, action-oriented objects, and embodiment) to deliver a counter-memory of the Spanish Civil War and Franco regime and make moral and transitional justice claims. This research shows how victims’ remains and the personal objects found in the graves also provoke the desired meaning that emotionally connects those listening to the classes to the victims and the ARMH’s counter-memory.
Transcriptional factor six2 promotes the competitive endogenous RNA network between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P responsible for maintaining the stemness of breast cancer cells
Authors: Zheng Lufeng , Guo Qianqian , Xiang Chenxi , Liu Shijia , Jiang Yuzhang , Gao Lanlan , Ni Haiwei , Wang Ting , Zhao Qiong , Liu Hai , Xing Yingying , Wang Yaohui , Li Xiaoman , Xi Tao
Published: March 2019

Background

The expression of CYP4Z1 and the pseudogene CYP4Z2P has been shown to be specifically increased in breast cancer by our group and others. Additionally, we previously revealed the roles of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network mediated by these genes (ceRNET_CC) in breast cancer angiogenesis, apoptosis, and tamoxifen resistance. However, the roles of ceRNET_CC in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells and the mechanisms through which ceRNET_CC is regulated remain unclear.

Methods

Transcriptional factor six2, CYP4Z1-3′UTR, and CYP4Z2P-3′UTR were stably overexpressed or knocked down in breast cancer cells via lentivirus infection. ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to reveal the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated and the transcriptome change mediated by ceRNET_CC. Clinical samples were used to validate the correlation between six2 and ceRNET_CC. Finally, the effects of the six2/ceRNET_CC axis on the stemness of breast cancer cells and chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results

We revealed that ceRNET_CC promoted the stemness of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, six2 activated ceRNET_CC by directly binding to their promoters, thus activating the downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the six2/ceRNET_CC axis was involved in chemoresistance.

Conclusions

Our results uncover the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated, identify novel roles for the six2/ceRNET_CC axis in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells, and propose the possibility of targeting the six2/ceRNET_CC axis to inhibit breast cancer stem cell (CSC) traits.
The History of Jewish American Literary History: A Critical Genealogy of Emergence
Authors: Schreier Benjamin
Published: March 2019

This article takes the cliché of Jewish American literary breakthrough in the late 1950s as an opportunity to examine the perverse professional legibility of the Jewish American literary field: everyone knows about it, but few scholars outside the field take it seriously according to the reigning canons of scholarly importance. If early critics of the Jewish American literary field celebrated this emergence, its ethic of assimilation was starkly at odds with an increasingly influential multiculturalism, even as these critics relied on an implicit multicultural logic in justifying the field. A critical exploration of this paradox—and a critical genealogy of how the field got to this point—shows how the marginalization of Jewish American literary study in the contemporary academy reveals an important story about the origin and development of a currently dominant concept of identity in the humanities, even as it reveals how the Jewish American literary field continues to operate in the shadow of this cliché.
The Shiningand the Media Conglomerate; or, How All Work and No Play Made Jack a Creative Artist in the 1970s
Authors: Rampell Palmer
Published: March 2019

In the 1970s the large multinational entertainment conglomerates that gained control of both publishing and Hollywood traded the rights to creative works across different media, hoping for a single moneymaking hit. This new emphasis on blockbuster productions led to a “winner-take-all” labor market with a few superstar earners and many struggling unknowns. Both Stephen King and Stanley Kubrick used their respective versions of The Shining to describe the conditions of the 1970s media industries. Each told the story of a would-be middle-class writer grappling with the Overlook Hotel, the larger, phantasmal structure of capital that surrounds him. In King’s version the hotel represents publishing and other aspects of the literary field, whereas Kubrick identifies it more closely with Warner Brothers, which distributed and financed the film. Understanding The Shining as a narrative of artistic production will ultimately help us understand not only the interlocking structure of the publishing and film industries in the late 1970s but also the ways in which the inequality in the media industries during that time prefigured and helped to justify the growing social inequality across society under neoliberalism.
Effective technology and equipment for electroerosive precision firmware micro
Authors: Бойко Анатолий , Boyko Anatoliy
Published: March 2019

The monograph presents the results of research and development of high-performance technology and equipment for electroerosion piercing of precision micro-holes. The analysis of world technologies of obtaining micro holes is given, the results of development of new effective element base of process and equipment are presented, methods of optimization of parameters of process of electroerosive firmware of micro holes are offered. The results of industrial application of new technology and equipment are presented.
Socket Shield Technique - A New Approach of Immediate Implant Articles Review
Authors: Walid Al-Jallad
Published: March 2019

Dental implant restoration is challenging procedure when it involve the esthetics zone, and since implant dentistry is prosthodontically driven procedure, care were practice in restoration of missing teeth in esthetics area which will fulfill the objective.

Extraction of teeth leave buccal plate bone unsupported and decrease the blood supply and since this plate is very thin resorption will be expected. Different attempt was done in order to prevent this sequence and create natural emergence profile around dental implant prosthesis. Socket preservation procedures were introduced, however in case of ridge deficiencies, hard and soft tissue augmentation procedures are indicated.

Socket shield technique meets the demands of minimal invasion, tissue preservation, and no need of bone substitute materials. And can be applied not only for maintaining buccal contour of an edentulous ridge but also for keeping the inter-implant soft and hard tissue

In this review paper we present different articles and case report using socket shield technique as treatment protocols and try to explore different protocol are practice in order to achieve high treatment out come with optimal success.
Chalkley Counting in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma:Does It have A Prognostic Value?
Authors: Campbell Paul , Bennet Reuben , Lim Louisa Joyce , Brasch Helen D , Marsh Reginald , Marsh Reginald , Itinteang Tinte , Tan Swee T , Tan Swee T
Published: March 2019

Chalkley counting has been regarded as a relatively reliable method of quantifying tumor angiogenesis. In this study we investigated the reliability of Chalkley counting in quantifying tumor angiogenesis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) using CD34; and tumor vasculogenesis using angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II receptor 1 and angiotensin II receptor 2, in 32 OTSCC samples. Chalkley counting was performed by two independent observers. The averages of three ‘hot spot’ counts were compared with known prognostic factors. All four markers showed no correlation with any of the prognostic factors. When comparing the results from the two independent observers, the only marker shown to have a significant moderate correlation was CD34. The other three markers showed no significant correlation. The lack of statistical significance between the independent observers, and known prognostic factors with the four markers used, shows that Chalkley counting is not a reliable prognostic tool in OTSCC.
Weather information provided to pilots: Thunderstorms in the terminal area
Authors: Málek Martin , Hospodka Jakub
Published: March 2019

The article evaluates current system of weather information provision to pilots of commercial aircraft in flight. Specifically it focuses on what is provided in case of thunderstorms present in the terminal area opposed to what is needed from pilot’s perspective for effective decision making. Contents and availability of aviation weather messages are considered and suggestions for optimization of information sources are made. Benefits of the provision of additional information containing the position of cumulonimbus clouds are explained on the examples of operational scenarios. The scenarios are based on historical weather data, however solutions and decisions are fictional. Explanation of different scenario solutions based on information available in the cockpit is provided and the consequences evaluated.
Los mineros en el México neoliberal
Authors: Casado Izquierdo José María , Sánchez Salazar María Teresa
Published: March 2019

La investigación aborda las principales transformaciones experimentadas por el empleo en la minería mexicana a lo largo de las últimas décadas en el contexto de las reformas neoliberales. Se evidencia el auge que la minería mexicana ha experimentado de la mano de la gran empresa minera metálica y las repercusiones que ello ha tenido tanto en la reconfiguración espacial del empleo minero y su actual distribución, como en la dinámica salarial, donde se profundizan las importantes diferencias entre la gran minería metálica y la pequeña y mediana minería. Estas profundas disparidades se reflejan también en el incremento de la subcontratación y de la eventualidad laboral en la gran minería metálica como mecanismos de captación de trabajadores, así como en la mayor dependencia de las remuneraciones respecto del reparto de utilidades, todo lo cual refleja el éxito alcanzado por la gran minería en el desarrollo de sus estrategias de flexibilización del trabajo.
Trigona sp. Propolis Ethanolic Extract Decreased Chloramphenicol-induced Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels of Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Mahdi Chanif , Zukiaturrahmah Anna , Pratama Dyah Ayu Oktavianie Ardhiana , Nugraheni Putranty Widha
Published: March 2019

Liver has an important role in detoxification of toxins such as xenobiotic which could interfere the function of liver. Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic widely used,despite of its toxicity potentials. The enhancement of free radicals in the body could suppress antioxidant activity. Propolis of Trigona sp. has been known to contain very high amount of antioxidants. The enhanced serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum is used as marker of liver damage due to the increase of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Trigona sp. propolis ethanolic extract on SGOT and ALP levels in rats (Rattus novergicus) pretreated by chloramphenicol to induce liver damage. Test animals used for this research were male rats aged 8-12 weeks divided into five treatment groups: negative controlgroup (normal), positive control group (induced by 400 mg/kgBW chloramphenicol), first therapy group, second therapy group, third therapy group induced by chloramphenicol with and propolis extract with the dose of 8 mg, 16 mg, and 24 mg, respectively. Chloramphenicol was injected subcutaneously for 14 days, whereas propolis extract were administered orally for 21 days. The level of SGOT and ALP was determined using spectophotometry. The results showed that propolis extract could reduce levels of SGOT and ALP. Dose of 24 mg/kg was the effective dose to decrease levels of SGOT and ALP significantly (p<0.01). Hence, it may be concluded that the ethanol extract of propolis could be used as herbal therapy in rats model of liver damage.Keywords : ALP, liver, chloramphenicol, propolis, SGOT
Nutrient Composition of Dried Seaweed Gracilaria gracilis
Authors: Rasyid Abdullah , Ardiansyah Ardi , Pangestuti Ratih
Published: March 2019

The nutrient composition of dried red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis collected from Barru waters, South Sulawesi including proximate, dietary fiber, minerals, fatty acid and amino acid profile has been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the various nutritional parameters of G. gracilis for utilization in human nutrition. Results show that the content of moisture (19.045), protein (10.86%), ash (6.78%), fat (0.18%), carbohydrate (63.13%) and dietary fiber (27.48%) basis on the dry weight. The content of calcium (429.11 mg.100 g-1), sodium (290.89 mg.100 g-1), phosphor (57.01 mg.100 g-1), iron (15.20 mg.100 g-1) and potassium (1380.42 mg.100 g-1). Leucine was the major essential amino acid found to be 9374.22 mg.kg-1, while glutamic acid was the major non-essential amino acid found to be 10848.98 mg.kg-1. Palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid found to be 0.08%, while oleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid found to be 0.05%. The nutrient composition of G. gracilis was discussed in this study and suggested that the seaweed species have potentially be used as raw material or ingredient of a healthy food for human.
ESTIMASI PARAMETER PADA SISTEM MODEL PERSAMAAN SIMULTAN DATA PANEL DINAMIS DENGAN METODE 2 SLS GMM-AB
Authors: Shina Arya Fendha Ibnu
Published: March 2019

Single equation models ignore interdependencies or two-way relationships between response variables. The simultaneous equation model accommodates this two-way relationship form. Two Stage Least Square Generalized Methods of Moment Arellano and Bond (2 SLS GMM-AB) is used to estimate the parameters in the simultaneous system model of dynamic panel data if each structural equation is exactly identified or over identified. In the simultaneous equation system model with dynamic panel data, each structural equation and reduced form is a dynamic panel data regression equation. Estimation of structural equations and reduced form using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) resulted biased and inconsistent estimators. Arellano and Bond GMM method (GMM AB) estimator produces unbiased, consistent, and efficient estimators.The purpose of this paper is to explain the steps of 2 SLS GMM-AB method to estimate parameter in simultaneous equation model with dynamic panel data.  Keywords:2 SLS GMM-AB, Arellano and Bond estimator, Dynamic Panel Data, Simultaneous Equations
A Case of Acute Myocardial Infarction during Chemotherapy of Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kashiwagi Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2019

Background:Cetuximab and irinotecan, levoforinate, 5-FU (FOLFIRI) are administered to advanced colorectal cancer. Although this regimen is standardized for recurrent metastatic colorectal cancer, the merger of myocardial infarction is rare.Purpose:The aim of this study is consider factors of myocardial infarction that developed during chemotherapy of colorectal cancer.Method:We conduct a retrospective study of cases in which myocardial infarction develops during chemotherapy in colorectal cancer on the basis of medical records, nursing records and physiological function test results.Case:A 80-year-old man was in chemotherapy with cetuximab + FOLFIRI in outpatient with multiple lung metastasis diagnosis after rectal cancer surgery.Result:Three days after the 38th administration, the patient visited an emergency outpatient mainly with complaints of dyspnea and back pain. Electrocardiogram was a finding that the lower wall infarction is suspected. The patient of bi-aspirin oral administration and chest pain 10 mg of morphine hydrochloride was injected via intravenous drip infusion, and it was transferred to a specialized cardiovascular hospital.Emergency coronary angiography was performed in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and percutaneous coronary intervention was performed because the left anterior descending branch complete occlusion was recognized. After thrombus aspiration, the balloon was dilated, the stent was placed, and reperfusion was successfully completed. The patient was discharged on the 10th disease day.In this case, it is thought that cetuximab + FOLFIRI synergistically induced hyperthrombogenicity, coronary plaque erosion, and acute myocardial infarction.It may also be necessary for interventions such as monitoring of risks in daily living by the medical care provider and guidance on risk avoidance behaviors.brief background of the topic and significance of the study.Conclusion:In this case, it is thought that cetuximab + FOLFIRI synergistically induced hyperthrombogenicity, coronary plaque erosion, and acute myocardial infarction. It may also be necessary for interventions such as monitoring of risks in daily living by the medical care provider and guidance on risk avoidance behaviors.
Sistem Pakar untuk Mengidentifikasi Kerusakan Mesin Industri Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Suryadi Dedi , Meilianda Rifki , Suryono Ahmad Fauzan , Munadi Munadi
Published: March 2019

Sistem perawatan mesin merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting di industri untuk memperpanjang umur mesin. Salah satu metode perawat yang sering digunakan adalah predictive maintenance berdasarkan sinyal getaran. Metode ini dapat memprediksi kerusakan mesin berdasarkan sinyal getaran yang timbul, dengan demikian kerusakan parah dapat dihindari. Tetapi metode ini sangat tergantung kepada pakar getaran untuk membaca karakteristik getarannya, sehingga tidak memungkinkan untuk operator biasa tidak bisa berbuat apa-apa apabila para pakar tidak ada. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini akan merancang sebuah aplikasi sistem pakar berbasis android yang dapat mengidentifikasi kerusakan pada mesin industri. Jenis kerusakan yang dapat diidentifikasi dalam aplikasi ini adalah unbalance, misalignment, kebengkokan poros, kelonggaran, dan kerusakan pada bantalan. Diharapkan aplikasi ini lebih praktis dan dapat digunakan oleh semua operator lapangan untuk mengidentifikasi kerusakan mesin. Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan aplikasi ini adalah metode certainty factor. Untuk mengukur tingkat keakuratan hasil rancangan, aplikasi yang sudah diintall di android dan divalidasi dengan hasil analisis pakar. Proses validasi data aplikasi meliputi pengujian sistem yang dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil analisa pakar terhadap hasil analisa aplikasi sistem pakar. Pada penelitian ini, data untuk validasi diambil dari data hasil pengujian getaran pada mesin-mesin di industri. Sinyal getaran inilah yang dianalisis jenis kerusakannya oleh pakar dan dirunning oleh aplikasi. Hasil validasi menunjukkan tingkat akurasi aplikasi mencapai 100%.
Investigasi Numerik Efek Kekasaran Permukaan (Adhesi) pada Kontak Gesek antara Karet Sbr-25 dengan Rigid Indenter
Authors: Setiyana Budi
Published: March 2019

Dalam  berbagai  macam  perlakuan  material  yang  ada,  perlakuan material ketika menerima beban luar, baik beban berupa gaya, tekanan, ataupun regangan akan menunjukkan respon yang berbeda- beda, tergantung pada sifat  material tersebut. Material karet atau karet kompon (elastomer) sering dimodelkan sebagai material hyperelastic. Teori tentang model material hyperelastic telah dikembangkan oleh beberapa peneliti seperti teori Yeoh yang umumnya dipakai untuk karet kompon (elastomer) yang diisi dengan carbon black seperti pada Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). Tulisan ini menyajikan investigasi numerik pada kontak gesek antara sebuah rigid spherical indenter dengan material SBR yang diisi 25% berat carbon black (SBR-25). Penelitian dilakukan berbasis Metoda Elemen Hingga dengan menggunakan software ABAQUS 6.14-5. Kontak gesek ini akan menghasilkan besar koefisien gesek yang secara umum terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu komponen adhesi (akibat kekasaran permukaan) dan komponen hysteresis (akibat deformasi). Kontak gesek antara indenter dengan permukaan material SBR-25 dibuat dengan variasi koefisien gesek adhesi sebesar 0, 0.15, 0.5 dan 1 yang nilainya diberikan sebagai data masukan. Hasil yang didapat berupa hubungan gaya reaksi, koefisien gesek hysterisis dan koefisien gesek total terhadap perpindahan geser indenter. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi ditunjukkan bahwa semakin besar kekasaran permukaan, akan menyebabkan munculnya nilai koefisien gesek total yang besar pula tetapi besarnya fluktuatif. Kejadian ini menunjukkan adanya fonemena kontak stick-slip antara indenter dengan permukaan karet.
Pengaruh Proses Pembubutan Muka (Facing) pada Arah Forward dan Backward Terhadap Besarnya Defleksi yang Terjadi serta Daya Permesinan yang Dibutuhkan
Authors: Rusnaldy Rusnaldy , Tauviqirrahman Mohammad , Prasetyo Yudhi
Published: March 2019

Makalah ini membahas tentang pengaruh proses facing terhadap besarnya defleksi yang terjadi pada benda kerja terutama pada bagian facenya yang dikurangi ketebalannya dari 5 mm hingga 0,3 mm. Proses facing yang digunakan disamping menggunakan pergerakan pahat pada arah forward juga digunakan pergerakan pahat pada arah backward. Disamping itu besarnya daya permesinan yang digunakan juga diukur untuk melihat tingkat keekonomisan proses facing pada arah forward dan backward. Parameter proses permesinan yang digunakan adalah putaran spindel sebesar 500 rpm, feeding sebesar 0,4 mm/rev, depth of cut sebesar 1 mm dan kondisi permesinan tanpa menggunakan cairan coolant. Dari hasil eksperimen diperoleh bahwa proses facing pada arah forward menghasilkan defleksi yang lebih rendah dibanding proses facing pada arah backward. Semakin tipis bagian face pada benda kerja yang dihasilkan semakin besar defleksi yang terjadi. Namun, facing pada arah forward ternyata membutuhkan daya permesinan yang lebih besar dibanding pada arah backward.
Analisa FEM pada Desain Botol Plastik Kemasan yang dapat Digunakan Ulang sebagai Bahan Konstruksi Bangunan
Authors: Iskandar Norman , Ikhsan Muhammad , Mudzakky Muhammad Iqbal , Wibowo Daniel Dwi Putra
Published: March 2019

Pada penelitian ini, kami membuat sebuah desain botol plastik baru yang dapat digunakan kembali (Reusable Bottle) yang bernama Rubicks v. 2.1 dengan beberapa peningkatan fungsional pada desain botol yang berfungsi untuk menambah kekuatan statik saat badan botol tersebut diberi gaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa desain botol tersebut sampai titik luluh atau sampai plastis. Metode yang digunakan pada panelitian ini adalah Metode Elemen Hingga (MEH). Pada peneitian ini, digunakan sepuluh variasi gaya yang diberikan pada permukaan muka botol dari 200 N sampai 2000 N. Didapatkan hasil dan analisa bahwa deformasi total yang paling rendah sebesar 0.22 mm dan deformasi total terbesar yang dihasilkan adalah 2.25 mm. Tegangan geser maksimum, memiliki nilai paling kecil saat botol diberikan gaya sebesar 200 N yaitu 3.66 MPa. Sedangkan tegangan geser maksimum paling besar yaitu ketika botol diberikan gaya sebesar 2000 N, yaitu 36.65 MPa. Faktor keamanan paling efektif ditentukan ketika botol tersebut memiliki faktor keamanan lebih besar atau sama dengan 1. Gaya yang mampu diberikan pada desain botol plastik Rubicks v. 2.1 adalah sebesar 1700 N.
Optimasi Desain Kursi Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Dahlan Sakuri , Al Hakim Reza Azizul Nasa
Published: March 2019

Kursi merupakan suatu alat bantu yang selalu kita jumpai di aktivitas kita sekari-hari. Setiap hari kita akan menjumpai kursi bahkan kita akan selalu menggunakan kursi untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Rata-rata orang menggunakan kursi kurang lebih 2-3 jam perhari. Di masyarakat banyak dijumpai berbagai macam jenis kursi mulai dari kursi kayu, kursi plastik, kursi lipat, dan lain-lain. Sebagian besar masayarakat cenderung lebih senang menggunakan kursi plastik. Selain mudah untuk dipindahkan, kursi plastik juga memiliki harga yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan kursi yang lainnya. Kursi plastik banyak dijumpai di warung makan yang ada di Indonesia. Ada berbagai macam desain dan bentuk kursi plastik yang dijual di masyarakat. Pada salah satu model kursi plastik yang ada di masyarakat akan dioptimasi untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal, sehingga bisa meminimalkan berat kursi tetapi kekuatan dan daya tahan kursi tetap sama. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah massa yang didapat berkurang dari 1.4 kg menjadi 0.94 kg. Dengan demikian kursi plastik tersebut telah dioptimasi massanya sebesar 0.46 kg.
Optimasi Desain Rangka Sepeda Gunung Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Setyoadi Yuris , Annanto Gilar Pandu
Published: March 2019

Meningkatnya ketertarikan pada dunia persepedaan memicu kemajuan teknologi pada sepeda itu sendiri. Kekuatan pada pada bagian frame banyak dijadikan sorotan, terutama untuk sepeda yang ditujukan untuk kegiatan – kegiatan yang berpotensi menimbulkan beban yang tinggi, salah satunya adalah sepeda gunung. Perencanaan sepeda gunung memerlukan rangka yang memiliki kekakuan optimal serta memiiki kemampuan manuver yang tinggi, namun tetap harus mempertimbangkan berat yang seringan mungkin. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menguji kekuatan serta melakukan optimasi dari rangka sepeda gunung dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga. Tegangan yang didapatkan dari pengujian akan digunakan untuk menentukan nilai safety factor dari rangka sepeda. Nilai dari safety factor serta massa awal dari rangka sepeda akan digunakan sebagai parameter dalam proses optimasi untuk menentukan ketebalan optimal dari rangka sepeda gunung.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemantauan Infus Berbasis Android
Authors: Yudhana Anton , Putra Marta Dwi Darma
Published: March 2019

Perkembangan dibidang elektronika terutama dalam bidang mikrokontroller dan juga android sangatlah pesat. Salah satu tugas seorang perawat  adalah memantau tetesan infus. Proses pemantauan infus harus dilakukan dengan benar. Saat ini pemantauan infus masih dilakukan secara manual yaitu perawat harus memeriksa kondisi infus pada pasien secara langsung. Pada saat infus habis, perawat memiliki keterbatasan waktu untuk menuju ruang pasien, dapat menyebabkan pasien terlambat ditanggulangi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan bangun sistem pemantauan infus berbasis android.Alat ini menggunakan sensor photodiode untuk mendeteksi adanya tetesan dan tidak adanya tetesan. Komunikasi antara hardware dan smartphone android menggunakan modul Bluetooth HC-06. Transmitter pada arduino akan mengirimkan data ke smartphone android. Informasi kondisi tetesan infus akan ditampilkan pada app android dan dikonversi menjadi sisa cairan infus pada app android. Apabila sisa cairan infus sama dengan 50,095 mL, maka ada pemberitahuan pada smartphone android.Berdasarkan hasil simulasi yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa alat dapat mendeteksi pada kecepatan laju tetesan infus 5 tetes/menit, 10 tetes/menit, 20 tetes/menit, 50 tetes/menit, dan ketika klem pada infus dibuka secara total. Dengan rata – rata error sebesar 0.5637 %. Simulasi pengiriman data pada Bluetooth HC-06 dilakukan pada gedung yang sama dan didapatkan bahwa Bluetooth HC-06 dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik pada jarak jangkauan ≤10 m.
“Of Barbarouse People and What Miserable Lyves They Leade” – William Thomas’s Tana and Persia and the Cultural Techniques of Early Modern Translation
Authors: Bayerlipp Susanne
Published: March 2019

The article analyses early modern cultural techniques of translation focusing on the example of William Thomas’s Travels to Tana and Persia, one of the first travel accounts of the Middle and Far East in the English language. It argues that cultural techniques of translation are constituted by multiple operative practices, such as writing, reading, and gift making, which provide the aesthetic and material-technical foundation for abstract concepts including the self and the other.
Do Reward-Related Distractors Impair Cognitive Performance? Perhaps Not
Authors: Rusz Dorottya , Bijleveld Erik , Kompier Michiel A. J.
Published: March 2019

Over a hundred prior studies show that reward-related distractors capture attention. It is less clear, however, whether and when reward-related distractors affect performance on tasks that require cognitive control. In this experiment, we examined whether reward-related distractors impair performance during a demanding arithmetic task. Participants (N = 81) solved math problems, while they were exposed to task-irrelevant stimuli that were previously associated with monetary rewards (vs. not). Although we found some evidence for reward learning in the training phase, results from the test phase showed no evidence that reward-related distractors harm cognitive performance. This null effect was invariant across different versions of our task. We examined the results further with Bayesian analyses, which showed positive evidence for the null. Altogether, the present study showed that reward-related distractors did not harm performance on a mental arithmetic task. When considered together with previous studies, the present study suggests that the negative impact of reward-related distractors on cognitive control is not as straightforward as it may seem, and that more research is needed to clarify the circumstances under which reward-related distractors harm cognitive control.