bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified analytical theory of nonlinear optical diffraction by nonlinear gratings
Authors: Hong Lihong , Zou Yu , Li Jiacheng , Chen Jianluo , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: October 2024

When a pump laser shines upon a periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) thin plate nonlinear grating, second-harmonic generation (SHG) and its nonlinear diffraction occurs, with the nonlinear Raman–Nath diffraction (NRND), nonlinear Bragg diffraction (NBD), and nonlinear Cerenkov radiation (NCR) being several prominent examples. In this work we build and present a unified analytical theory to solve SHG for the NRND, NCR, and NBD processes from LN domains, domain walls, and defects. We find that the critical physical entity that governs the nonlinear diffraction is the effective nonlinear coefficient for each Fourier wave component. The analytical theory has a great generality and applicability scope. It allows us to retrieve and analyze everything about the dependence of SHG nonlinear diffraction on a series of physical and geometrical parameters such as the pump laser intensity, polarization, incidence polar and azimuthal angles, the LN thin plate thickness and its crystalline orientation, LN domain size and pitch, domain wall thickness and crystalline configuration, defect size and crystalline configuration, and the SHG diffraction beam angle and polarization. The analytical theory also enables us to analyze deeply the similarities and differences of the three nonlinear diffraction processes NRND, NCR, and NBD, build a smooth and broad connection bridge among these three processes, and construct a unified physical picture to understand, describe, and exploit these three processes of seemingly big difference. Besides, the analytical theory can be applicable to handle nonlinear diffraction by domains, domain walls, and defects in other more complicated 2D and 3D nonlinear gratings made from LN and other nonlinear crystals. Finally, the analytical theory can help to build a bridge connecting the extrinsic SHG nonlinear diffraction properties with the intrinsic domain poling and inversion material and physical properties of LN and other nonlinear crystals and explore novel nonlinear optical devices and technologies.
Reconfigurable unitary transformations of optical beam arrays
Authors: Martinez-Becerril Aldo C. , Luo Siwei , Li Liu , Pagé Jordan T. R. , Giner Lambert , Abrahao Raphael A. , Lundeen Jeff S.
Published: October 2024

Spatial transformations of light are ubiquitous in optics, with examples ranging from simple imaging with a lens to quantum and classical information processing in waveguide meshes. Multi-plane light converter (MPLC) systems have emerged as a platform that promises completely general spatial transformations, i.e., a universal unitary. However, until now, MPLC systems have demonstrated transformations that are far from general, e.g., converting from a Gaussian to Laguerre-Gauss mode. Here, we demonstrate the promise of an MLPC, the ability to impose an arbitrary unitary transformation that can be reconfigured dynamically. Specifically, we consider transformations on superpositions of parallel free-space beams arranged in an array, which is a common information encoding in photonics. We experimentally test the full gamut of unitary transformations for a system of two parallel beams and make a map of their fidelity. We obtain an average transformation fidelity of 0.85 ± 0.03. This high-fidelity suggests that MPLCs are a useful tool for implementing the unitary transformations that comprise quantum and classical information processing.
Impact of the frequency error of direct digital synthesizers on the evaluation of two-photon light shift in atom gravimeters
Authors: Zhu Dong , Liu Naike , Cheng Bing , Cao Pengfei , Wu Bin , Wang Kainan , Wu Liming , Weng Kanxing , Zhou Yin , Bian Jinglong , Wang Xiaolong , Lin Qiang
Published: October 2024

One major systematic error for free-fall atom gravimeters is the effect of two-photon light shift (LS2). In the process of evaluating LS2, the results can be affected by the residual frequency error of direct digital synthesizers due to necessary experimental parameter changes. In this paper, the impact of the coupling effect between the frequency error and LS2 has been investigated and analyzed, along with the related physical mechanisms. The parameters of the frequency error sequence, such as the time step of δt and the time delay of Δt, significantly affect the bias and uncertainty of LS2. Notably, when these parameters are significantly altered or misaligned, the impact can reach several tens of µGal. Conversely, when they remain within the optimal ranges, the impact can be minimal. Specifically, when δt is less than or equal to 10 µs, the impact on the LS2 bias is less than 0.3 µGal, with the contribution to the total uncertainty of the gravity value being approximately 0.1 µGal. Furthermore, after correcting the phase shift introduced by the frequency error, the evaluation results have a similar improvement effect on the whole. Compared to the LS2 theoretical value, the residual is generally on the order of µGal. Through the comprehensive analysis and optimization, as well as related experiments, this cross-effect is managed and decoupled, leading to accurate LS2 evaluation results. This improvement ensures a better accuracy in the obtained absolute gravity values. The analysis methods discussed can provide an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of atom gravimeters.
Dual-layer broadband encoding spectrometer: enhanced encoder basis orthogonality and spectral detection accuracy
Authors: Zhao Ding , Shao Hanxiao , Zheng Yuxuan , Xu Yun , Bao Jie
Published: October 2024

Spectrometer miniaturization has become a significant trend driven by the demand for distributed and continuous spectral sensing. Broadband encoding spectrometers, which utilize broadband encoder arrays to extract spectral features and algorithms to reconstruct spectra, are among the most competitive candidates for high-performance miniaturized spectrometers. Enhancing the spectral feature extraction capability of these broadband encoders is essential for improving spectrometer performance. However, the strategies and approaches for optimizing these encoders are not yet well-defined. This study analyzes the effectiveness of improving the basis orthogonality of the encoders for their optimization and proposes a dual-layer broadband encoder structure to implement this optimization strategy. The designed dual-layer broadband encoders consist of vertically stacked quantum dot encoders and TiO2/SiO2 encoders, with the corresponding basis being mixed Gaussian. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed dual-layer broadband encoder structure significantly improves the encoders’ basis orthogonality, leading to enhanced spectral detection accuracy of the spectrometer constructed with these dual-layer encoders. Experimental fabrication of the dual-layer encoders confirms their physical feasibility and basis orthogonality enhancement.
Mid-infrared enhanced Raman soliton generation in an erbium-doped ZBLAN with record energy and peak power
Authors: Yang Linjing , Yao Chuanfei , Wang Xuan , Meng Xianghao , Ren Guochuan , Yang Xuelian , Pan Jichen , Li Pingxue
Published: October 2024

The advancement of tunable ultrafast sources in the mid-infrared spectrum would bring about significant progress in various scientific fields. This study suggests a gain-modulation technique to increase the peak power and pulse energy of mid-infrared tunable Raman solitons. By utilizing a high-power 2-2.23 µm Raman soliton pulse as a pump source, mid-infrared Raman solitons within the 2-3.2 µm tuning range can be generated in a segment of Er3+: ZBLAN fiber. Additionally, the introduction of 976 nm pump light into the Er3+: ZBLAN fiber leverages the gain of Er3+ to amplify the frequency shift velocity and pulse energy of the Raman soliton. Consequently, the frequency shift range of the Raman soliton is extended to 3.5 µm, with peak power and pulse energy reaching 0.93 MW and 107 nJ, respectively. These achievements represent the highest peak power and energy levels of Raman solitons generated in mid-infrared fibers to date.
LUT enabled low-complexity electrical dispersion pre-compensation scheme for IM-DD systems
Authors: Ni Weihao , Zou Dongdong , Chen Yifan , Li Fan
Published: October 2024

Frequency selective fading caused by chromatic dispersion (CD) and direct detection is the primary impediment for IM-DD systems in achieving a large capacity-distance product. Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) based electrical dispersion pre-compensation (pre-EDC) schemes enhance IM-DD systems' robustness against chromatic dispersion (CD), but their high computational complexity limits practical implementation. In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, low-complexity pre-EDC scheme enabled by the cluster-assisting look-up table (CLUT) technique is proposed to further reduce the computation complexity of the non-iterative FIR-based pre-EDC scheme, in which convolution operation is replaced by tables look-up and accumulation processing. And a key strategy is proposed to balance the number and the total size of the LUTs by establishing LUTs for each cluster center after clustering the tap weights. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we experimentally demonstrate the transmission of 80 Gbit/s PAM-4 signals and 100 Gbit/s PAM-6 signals over 20 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can eliminate the multiplication in convolution operations and reduce the addition times of 58.54% for PAM-4 and 51.22% for PAM-6 signals at the BER of 7% HD-FEC threshold without any penalty.
Low-threshold CW eye-safe vortex generation from an intracavity pump-wave off-axis pumped OPO
Authors: Cho Chun-Yu , Huang Yen-Pei , Tsai Lin-Hsuan
Published: October 2024

A low-threshold efficient setup for CW wavelength versatile vortex generation is proposed. The intracavity optical parametric oscillator is utilized for low-threshold operation. By using the pump-wave off-axis pumping for the signal-wave oscillator, high-order Hermite–Gaussian modes at the eye-safe region can be obtained, which can further generate a vortex via an astigmatism mode converter. The overall laser performance is additionally verified to be better by comparing it with the diode off-axis pumping method where the TEM1,0 pump wave was generated first for the signal-wave TEM1,0 mode oscillation. This method is expected to be further applied for more complicated structured light generation.
Femtosecond-laser-induced suprawavelength two-dimensional ZnO microstructures for multi-wavelength photodetector devices
Authors: Li Qisong , Hou Xiaobing , Xu Zhihui , Li Kexue , Wei Zhipeng , Zhang Long , Liu Yi
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report on two-dimensional (2D) suprawavelength crystalline ZnO microstructures induced by a single ultraviolet (UV) femtosecond laser beam (400 nm, 35 fs, 666 Hz) with significant absorption enhancement. The achieved absorption values of 90–99% and 75–80% in the UV and visible spectral regions, respectively, were approximately 1.16 and 12 times higher than those of the blank ZnO crystal. Furthermore, large-area 2D ZnO microstructures were fabricated to be used as photodetectors (PDs). The experimental results demonstrated that, compared with the blank ZnO, these 2D ZnO microstructures effectively enhanced the PD performance by nearly four times at 375 nm. More importantly, the ZnO microstructure exhibited great response value, ∼7.12 A/W at 532 nm as well as acceptable response at 660 and 808 nm, whereas the blank ZnO crystal showed almost no response. Raman analyses demonstrated that no change occurred after the femtosecond laser induced the microstructure on ZnO. Thus, the enhancement in photoelectric performance can be attributed to the strong absorption of the ZnO microstructure.
Low dark current and low voltage germanium avalanche photodetector for a silicon photonic link
Authors: Li Xuetong , Qu Huan , Liu Xiaobin , Xie Qijie , Wang Weipeng , Li Yingzhi , Chen Baisong , Hu Heming , Li Jie , Zhi Zihao , Lo Patrick , Na Quanxin , Li Xueyan , Wang Lei , Hu Xiaolong , Song Junfeng
Published: October 2024

Germanium (Ge)-silicon (Si)-based avalanche photodetectors (APDs) featured by a high absorption coefficient in the near-infrared band have gained wide applications in laser ranging, free space communication, quantum communication, and so on. However, the Ge APDs fabricated by the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process suffer from a large dark current and limited responsivity, imposing a critical challenge on integrated silicon photonic links. In this work, we propose a p-i-n-i-n type Ge APD consisting of an intrinsic germanium layer functioning as both avalanche and absorption regions and an intrinsic silicon layer for dark current reduction. Consequently, a Ge APD with a low dark current, low bias voltage, and high responsivity can be obtained via a standard silicon photonics platform. In the experimental measurement, the Ge APD is characterized by a high primary responsivity of 1.1 A/W with a low dark current as low as 7.42 nA and a dark current density of 6.1×10−11  A/μm2 at a bias voltage of −2  V. In addition, the avalanche voltage of the Ge APD is −8.4  V and the measured 3 dB bandwidth of the Ge APD can reach 25 GHz. We have also demonstrated the capability of data reception on 32 Gbps non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal, which has potential application for silicon photonic data links.
Longitudinal single-subject neuroimaging study reveals effects of daily environmental, physiological, and lifestyle factors on functional brain connectivity
Authors: Triana Ana María , Salmi Juha , Hayward Nicholas Mark Edward Alexander , Saramäki Jari , Glerean Enrico
Published: October 2024

Our behavior and mental states are constantly shaped by our environment and experiences. However, little is known about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months. This gives rise to an urgent need for longitudinal studies that collect high-frequency data. To this end, for a single subject, we collected 133 days of behavioral data with smartphones and wearables and performed 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans measuring attention, memory, resting state, and the effects of naturalistic stimuli. We find traces of past behavior and physiology in brain connectivity that extend up as far as 15 days. While sleep and physical activity relate to brain connectivity during cognitively demanding tasks, heart rate variability and respiration rate are more relevant for resting-state connectivity and movie-watching. This unique data set is openly accessible, offering an exceptional opportunity for further discoveries. Our results demonstrate that we should not study brain connectivity in isolation, but rather acknowledge its interdependence with the dynamics of the environment, changes in lifestyle, and short-term fluctuations such as transient illnesses or restless sleep. These results reflect a prolonged and sustained relationship between external factors and neural processes. Overall, precision mapping designs such as the one employed here can help to better understand intraindividual variability, which may explain some of the observed heterogeneity in fMRI findings. The integration of brain connectivity, physiology data and environmental cues will propel future environmental neuroscience research and support precision healthcare.
Exploring the workload of informal caregiving in the context of HIV/NCD multimorbidity in South Africa
Authors: van Pinxteren Myrna , Slome Charlotte , Mair Frances S. , May Carl R. , Levitt Naomi S.
Published: October 2024

The importance of informal caregiving for chronic illness has been well established in African contexts but is underexplored in the context of HIV/NCD multimorbidity, particularly in South Africa. Building on treatment burden theories that investigate workload in the context of chronic illness, this paper explores how informal caregiving networks impact the capacity of people living with multimorbidity (PLWMM) in low-income settings in urban and rural South Africa. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with thirty people living with multimorbidity and sixteen informal caregivers between February and April 2021 in two settings, Cape Town (urban) and Bulungula (rural). Interviews were transcribed and data analysed both inductively and deductively using framework analysis, hereby, building on the principles of the burden of treatment theory (BoTT) as a theoretical lens. Our findings show that informal carers provided different types of support to people living with multimorbidity, including emotional, logistical, health services and informational support to ease the patient’s treatment burden. Additional support networks, access to grants or financial security, and feeling a duty to care eased the perceived carer burden while a lack of social support, financial hardship and insufficient information decreased their capacity to support others. Overall, the availability of informal caregiving increases the self-management capacity of people living with multimorbidity in low-income settings in South Africa. Informal caregiving in the context of multimorbidity is structured through social obligations, kinship connections, cultural expectations, and an individual sense of agency. Carers, even when committed to assist, also experience caregiving opportunity costs, which are rarely addressed in the literature. By proposing interventions that can actively support informal caregivers, we can begin to develop solutions that can optimize the role of informal care networks, with a view to improve health-outcomes of PLWMM in South Africa.
Estimating the risk and spatial spread of measles in populations with high MMR uptake: Using school-household networks to understand the 2013 to 2014 outbreak in the Netherlands
Authors: Munday James D. , Atkins Katherine E. , Klinkenberg Don , Meurs Marc , Fleur Erik , Hahné Susan JM , Wallinga Jacco , Jan van Hoek Albert
Published: October 2024

Background

Measles outbreaks are still routine, even in countries where vaccination coverage exceeds the guideline of 95%. Therefore, achieving ambitions for measles eradication will require understanding of how unvaccinated children interact with others who are unvaccinated. It is well established that schools and homes are key settings for both clustering of unvaccinated children and for transmission of infection. In this study, we evaluate the potential for contacts between unvaccinated children in these contexts to facilitate measles outbreaks with a focus on the Netherlands, where large outbreaks have been observed periodically since the introduction of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR).

Methods and findings

We created a network of all primary and secondary schools in the Netherlands based on the total number of household pairs between each school. A household pair are siblings from the same household who attend a different school. We parameterised the network with individual level administrative school and household data provided by the Dutch Ministry for Education and estimates of school level uptake of the MMR vaccine. We analysed the network to establish the relative strength of contact between schools and found that schools associated with low vaccine uptake are highly connected, aided by a differentiated school system in the Netherlands (Coleman homophily index (CHI) = 0.63). We simulated measles outbreaks on the network and evaluated the model against empirical measles data per postcode area from a large outbreak in 2013 (2,766 cases). We found that the network-based model could reproduce the observed size and spatial distribution of the historic outbreak much more clearly than the alternative models, with a case weighted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) sensitivity of 0.94, compared to 0.17 and 0.26 for models that do not account for specific network structure or school-level vaccine uptake, respectively. The key limitation of our framework is that it neglects transmission routes outside of school and household contexts.

Conclusions

Our framework indicates that clustering of unvaccinated children in primary schools connected by unvaccinated children in related secondary schools lead to large, connected clusters of unvaccinated children. Using our approach, we could explain historical outbreaks on a spatial level. Our framework could be further developed to aid future outbreak response.
Functional plasticity shapes neutrophil response to Leishmania major infection in susceptible and resistant strains of mice
Authors: DeSouza-Vieira Thiago , Pretti Marco Antônio M. , Lima Gomes Phillipe Souza , Paula-Neto Heitor A. , Goundry Amy , Nascimento Michelle T. , Ganesan Sundar , Gonçalves da Silva Triciana , Kamenyeva Olena , Kabat Juraj , Manzella-Lapeira Javier , B. Canto Fábio , Fraga-Junior Vanderlei da Silva , Eustáquio Lopes Mateus , Gomes Vaz Leonardo , Pessenda Gabriela , Paun Andrea , Freitas-Mesquita Anita L. , Meyer-Fernandes José Roberto , Boroni Mariana , Bellio Maria , Batista Menezes Gustavo , Brzostowski Joseph , Mottram Jeremy , Sacks David , Lima Ana Paula C. A. , Saraiva Elvira M.
Published: October 2024

Neutrophils rapidly infiltrate sites of infection and possess several microbicidal strategies, such as neutrophil extracellular traps release and phagocytosis. Enhanced neutrophil infiltration is associated with higher susceptibility to Leishmania infection, but neutrophil effector response contribution to this phenotype is uncertain. Here, we show that neutrophils from susceptible BALB/c mice (B/c) produce more NETs in response to Leishmania major than those from resistant C57BL/6 mice (B6), which are more phagocytic. The absence of neutrophil elastase contributes to phagocytosis regulation. Microarray analysis shows enrichment of genes involved in NET formation (mpo, pi3kcg, il1b) in B/c, while B6 shows upregulation of genes involved in phagocytosis and cell death (Arhgap12, casp9, mlkl, FasL). scRNA-seq in L. major-infected B6 showed heterogeneity in the pool of intralesional neutrophils, and we identified the N1 subset as the putative subpopulation involved with phagocytosis. In vivo, imaging validates NET formation in infected B/c ears where NETing neutrophils were mainly uninfected cells. NET digestion in vivo augmented parasite lymphatic drainage. Hence, a balance between NET formation and phagocytosis in neutrophils may contribute to the divergent phenotype observed in these mice.
La isla mínima y Los lunes al sol: dos ejemplos fílmicos de sujetos subalternos en el campo y la ciudad. Discurso, crisis y realidad
Authors: Úcar Ventura Pilar
Published: October 2024

Diversos fenómenos políticos y económicos generaron, durante las décadas de los años ochenta y noventa en España, grupos subalternos configurados por personas con un discurso colectivo y reivindicador de cara a superar la marginación. Se analizará aquí cómo, durante los años posteriores a la transición y más adelante con la democracia, una gran parte de la población vio truncados sus anhelos de bienestar social y fue abocada a la obediencia de una jerarquía clasista y conservadora imperante en el campo, en el sur, La isla mínima que obligaba a callar para la supervivencia de la economía doméstica, básica y primitiva sin posibilidad de ascenso o cambio de clase. Igualmente, tras la incorporación de España al Mercado Común, se produjo la conversión industrial que provocó una importante crisis industrial que dejó ingente población (principalmente masculina) formando colas de parados ante las oficinas de empleo, Los lunes al sol. En las dos películas, el grupo coral de subalternos, de marginados, aspira a un nuevo país, lejos de las fronteras del propio en el que están mal viviendo.
La risa femenina en el heteropatriarcado: ¿subalterna o subversiva? en La carne (2016) de Rosa Montero
Authors: Banderas Martínez Sarah
Published: October 2024

Este artículo explora los constructos heteropatriarcales de la risa como resultado del autoescarnio que Soledad, la protagonista de la novela La carne (2016) de Rosa Montero, se inflige en la búsqueda de afirmarse como una mujer mayor en plenitud aprisionada por los patrones socialmente aceptados sobre juventud y belleza. Desde el humor y la sátira, se devela la heteronormatividad que atraviesa las decisiones de vida de Soledad y sus relaciones íntimas y sociales, especialmente aquellas vinculadas con la sexualidad, en las que la protagonista rompe con los mandatos establecidos al convertirse en una “asalta-cunas” o “mujer-pantera” (cougar, término original en inglés), pero bajo la sombra del edadismo. La rivalidad con otras mujeres, el juicio social y la imposibilidad de concretar proyectos personales por su edad son parte de los prejuicios de Soledad que muestran las batallas diarias de cualquier mujer, desde la sonrisa amarga hasta la risa escarnecedora. La carne se configura como una comedia con tintes feministas que enmascara su propia contradicción con la autoridad patriarcal mediante el uso de un lenguaje cómico converso.
Estudio escalar y multimodal sobre género, discriminación y racismo
Authors: Colín Rodea Marisela
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación se sitúa en el debate sobre el racismo desde la perspectiva de la sociolingüística de la globalización y, desde la mirada escalar e indiciaria, se analiza la relación entre las diferentes capas sociales y la discriminación, la etnicidad, el género y la situación económica, relación que atraviesa el lenguaje y apunta a los significados sociales en México. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las relaciones y tensiones existentes entre imagen y lenguaje en un corpus de fotografías publicadas en revistas de moda y en comentarios recibidos online, principalmente en redes sociales. El tema de las fotografías es la imagen de Yalitza Aparicio. Se busca responder a las cuestiones de qué mecanismos operan en la construcción de significados, qué relaciones y tensiones se observan entre las fotografías y el lenguaje. La metodología se basa en un estudio de caso en internet a partir de la documentación etnográfica proporcionada por fotografías en portadas de revistas de moda internacionales y nacionales de 2018-2022.A partir de estas fotografías, se elabora un mapa de etnografía digital, tal y como propone Varis (2014). El corpus de fotografías se analiza utilizando las nociones de escala e indexicalidad (Blommaert, 2021, Silverstein 2003) y herramientas de multimodalidad (Kress y Van Leeuwen 2001). La perspectiva escalar permite observar las relaciones de contexto locales, globales y translocales. La indexicalidad señala elementos del contexto y la multimodalidad integra modos y construye narraciones.
La exploración de las ideologías lingüísticas en el cine hispano contemporáneo a través de los chapbooks
Authors: García-Barroso Lorena
Published: October 2024

Este artículo explora la implementación de metodologías creativas como herramienta pedagógica en clases de español como lengua avanzada, utilizando el marco teórico de las multiliteracies. Esta teoría enfatiza la enseñanza a través de diversos modos de comunicación, incluyendo medios visuales, digitales y culturales, promoviendo la equidad en el acceso al conocimiento. El proyecto se llevó a cabo en un curso de lengua a través de contenido durante un semestre académico, integrando la creación de proyectos creativos como parte esencial del currículo, donde los estudiantes produjeron chapbooks y materiales visuales que reflejaban sus perspectivas sobre temas sociales y políticos, enfocándose en las ideologías lingüísticas en el cine hispano contemporáneo. Los resultados muestran un impacto positivo en el aprendizaje lingüístico y sociocultural de los estudiantes, así como una mayor capacidad para analizar cuestiones de ideología y poder. Este enfoque pedagógico no solo mejoró las habilidades lingüísticas, sino que también empoderó a los estudiantes al permitirles desafiar narrativas establecidas, promoviendo una educación crítica y transformadora que responde a demandas de justicia social y representación.
Escribir desde la piel: reflexiones sobre la voz subalterna en la obra de Eliane Alves Cruz
Authors: Guerra de Lemos Bethania
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se introducen las relaciones establecidas entre la novela Solitaria (2022), de la escritora afrobrasileña Eliane Alves Cruz y los conceptos de escribivencia (Conceição Evaristo), doloridad (Vilma Piedade), lugar de enunciación (Djamila Ribeiro) y amefricanidad (Lélia Gonzalez). El enfoque aquí propuesto busca trabajar con el pensamiento filosófico, sociológico y literario de intelectuales negras. En Solitaria la narrativa lleva a conocer dos mujeres negras, madre e hija, que trabajan para una familia pudiente en un edificio de lujo. El centro del relato es la explotación de la mujer afrobrasileña en el trabajo doméstico. Sin embargo, lo que podría parecer solamente la historia de las vidas de dos mujeres, se configura como una reflexión sobre silenciamientos, ausencias, posibilidades negadas, creación de comunidad y estrategias de resistencia, en un texto que –también estéticamente– es novedoso y de ruptura. La comprensión del establecimiento de los lugares sociales de enunciación adquiere especial relevancia, ya que sin una mirada abiertamente crítica con la historia oficial constituida y las lógicas de opresión vigentes desde el comienzo de las colonizaciones en territorio americano, no se podrá alcanzar la amplitud de su significado. Este trabajo intenta analizar la voz subalterna que se alza en un grito de denuncia y contribuye a la construcción de una parte fundamental del nuevo centro del tejido literario latinoamericano.
Investigation of Antioxidant Potential of Black Beans Due to Phytochemical and Globulin Content for Nutraceutical Application
Authors: Patel Sanjana , Sharma Porshia , Supat Mansi , Mali Swati , Bafna Angurbala , Rangwala Tasneem , Limaye Rashmi , Puri Payal
Published: October 2024

The study aims to elucidate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of black beans and identify the key contributors within the beans. Black beans boast high protein and phytochemical content, suggesting potential antioxidant activity. This work delves into this possibility, focusing on the role of globulins (a protein fraction) and various phytochemicals in black bean’s bioactivity. Globulins were isolated from black beans by salt precipitation. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared, followed by phytochemical screening for phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Quantification of phenolics and flavonoids was performed by colorimetric assays. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry identified the isolated globulin. Ferric reducing potential and total antioxidant capacity tests assessed antioxidant capacity, while erythrocyte membrane stabilisation inhibition evaluated anti-inflammatory potential. Black beans exhibited a diverse range of phytochemicals. The ethanolic extract displayed the highest flavonoid content (11.18±0.11mg QE/gram extract), while the aqueous extract was richest in phenolics (0.71±0.14 mg GAE/gram extract). The aqueous extract displayed the strongest antioxidant activity (2.87 ± 0.98 mg AAE/gram extract), followed by the globulin fraction (1.23± 0.43 mg AAE/gram extract). The ethanolic extract demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory activity. Mass spectrometry identified globulin as a 68.7 kDa legumin protein from Phaseolus vulgaris. Black beans display significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity due to globulins and diverse phytochemicals. By informing dietary practices and facilitating the development of nutraceutical interventions, this work has the potential to contribute to a healthier population.
Возможности и предпочтения учителей в выборе способов развития компетенций использования цифровых образовательных технологий
Authors: Дворецкая Ирина Владимировна , Мерцалова Татьяна Анатольевна
Published: October 2024

Цель статьи — исследование характеристик школ и учителей в контексте развития профессионального мастерства последних для работы в цифровой среде. На данных опроса, проведенного в рамках Мониторинга цифровой трансформации общеобразовательных организаций (МЦТОО) в 2020/2021 учебном году с использованием метода анализа латентных классов, проанализированы поведенческие характеристики российских учителей. Выявлены паттерны развития цифровых навыков у учителей, учитывающие как официальные (предлагаемые институтами переподготовки и повышения квалификации, подразумевающие выдачу сертификатов государственного образца о прохождении), так и неофициальные (не подразумевающие выдачу сертификатов государственного образца) форматы профессионального развития. Подтверждено, что опыт дистанционной работы школ в период пандемии COVID-19 актуализировал использование практико-ориентированных паттернов развития цифровых навыков у педагогов. Одновременно с этим в российской школе сохраняется большая группа учителей, которые не осваивают цифровые технологии. На основе полученных результатов обсуждаются существующие возможности и практическая важность персонифицированных траекторий профессионального развития педагогов для успешной работы в цифровой среде.
Городские пространственные конфликты в Новосибирске: изучение общей динамики
Authors: Белоусов Александр Борисович , Давыдов Дмитрий Александрович
Published: October 2024

В статье изучаются процессы оспаривания городских пространств в Новосибирске за последние 18 лет. Методы исследования: событийный анализ (изучено более 200 кейсов), анализ материалов СМИ (более 1000 новостных/аналитических сюжетов) и серия глубинных интервью (n = 20). Реконструирована история городских пространственных конфликтов за рассматриваемый период в контексте эволюции ключевых «арен» конфликтов и их «игроков». Отмечается, что частота и интенсивность, тематический репертуар, характер протекания городских пространственных конфликтов изменяются с течением времени. Применительно к Новосибирску выделены три периода в наблюдавшейся истории оспаривания городских пространств: эпоха неолиберальных «машин роста» (начало наблюдения ― 2014 г.), эпоха «оттепели» (2014―2020 гг.), эпоха внешних шоков (2020 г. ― н.в.). Гражданское общество в Новосибирске активно развивалось, что способствовало росту количества городских конфликтов. В итоге их интенсивность возросла настолько, что городские менеджеры были вынуждены отвечать на них, меняя модели взаимодействия с гражданским обществом. Городские власти и застройщики учатся оперативно реагировать на местную гражданскую активность и достигать компромиссных вариантов. Тем не менее, решая одни проблемы (например, точечной застройки), администраторы сталкиваются с новыми. Со временем граждане становятся более требовательными к городскому пространству. Соответственно, несмотря на внешние шоки, которые в последнее время приглушили городские пространственные конфликты, прогнозируется их сохранение в качестве одной из ключевых проблем локальной политики.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках работы по проекту РНФ No. 23-28-01828 «Городские конфликты и стратегии поддержания общественного согласия: сравнительный анализ».
Association of the eNOS 4a/b and -786T/C Polymormphisms with Coronary Artery Disease, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kincl Vladimír , Vašků A. , Meluzín J. , Panovský R. , Seménka J. , Groch L.
Published: October 2024

The aim was to assess the relationship between eNOS 4a/b and -786T/C polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD), obesity and diabetes mellitus. Total number of 1313 patients underwent coronary angiography, 939 had significant CAD (stenosis of ≥ 1 coronary artery ≥ 50%), 222 had smooth coronary arteries. Patients with insignificant atherosclerosis were excluded, the study finally comprised 1161 patients. The analysis of eNOS 4a/b and -786T/ C polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction. No significant interaction was found between -786T/C polymorphism and solitary CAD or CAD with diabetes and obesity. For 4a/b polymorphism, genotypes aa+ab were almost three times more frequent in diabetic patients without CAD versus patients without CAD and without diabetes – OR 2.79; P = 0.009, Pcorr = 0.03. In 4a/b polymorphism and CAD with obesity and diabetes: bb genotype was significantly more frequent: in patients with CAD, diabetes and obesity in comparison with obese diabetic patients without CAD (OR = 3.63, Pcorr = 0.05); in non-diabetic non-obese patients with CAD, versus diabetic and obese patients without CAD (OR = 3.38, Pcorr = 0.05); in obese non-diabetic patients without CAD vs. obese diabetic patients without CAD (OR = 5.91, Pcorr = 0.01); in patients without CAD, obesity and diabetes vs. obese diabetic patients without CAD (OR = 3.59, Pcorr = 0.05). The eNOS 4a/b polymorphism has significant association with diabetes mellitus in CAD-negative patients, and with CAD in combination with obesity and diabetes mellitus. No association between 4a/b or -786T/C polymorphism and solitary CAD was found.
Effect of different concentrations of soil and foliar applied zinc, boron and iron fertilizers on seedling growth, chlorophyll content and productivity of chickpea seedlings under semi-arid environment
Authors: Munir Muhammad Kashif , Zafar Muhammad , Babar Babar Hussain , Zafar Nawal , Ahmed Siraj , Aleem Sarwar Muhammad , Iqbal Saba , Asmatullah  , Akhtar Naveed , Saeed Muhammad , Saqib Muhammad , Hussain Sadam
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and iron (Fe) is reduced in semi-arid regions, which can lead to a deficiency of these nutrients and inhibit chickpea productivity. In this work, three field experiments were executed over two years where soil and foliar applications of Zn, B, and Fe were carried out, including controls (Zn0, B0, and F0), soil application at 4.125 kg/ha (Zn-1, B1, and F1) and 8.25 kg/ha (Zn-2, B2, and F2), and foliar spay at 0.3% at flowering initiating (Zn-3, B3, and F3) and one week after flowering initiation (Zn-4, B4, and F4, respectively). The results indicate that the deficiency of these nutrients inhibited chickpea growth and yield, leading to a reduction in the pigment contents. Nonetheless, soil and foliar application of Zn, B, and Fe significantly improved growth, chlorophyll contents, and yield, showing a dose-dependent effect. The best results were recorded for Zn-3, B2, and F2 treatments which significantly (P<0.05) increased shoot length (20.96-85.19%), root length (42.85-93.65%), shoot fresh (23-76%) and root fresh weight (45-90.32%), compared with the control treatment. Chlorophyll parameters, including chlorophyll a and b contents, showed similar trends. Zn-3, B2, and F2 treatments significantly increased biological and grain yields, which were associated with higher values of the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod. In a nutshell, we suggest that Zn foliar application at 0.3% at flowering initiation and soil application of B and Fe at 25 kg/ha are beneficial for improving the growth, pigment content, and overall productivity of chickpea.
Influence of plant growth regulators on yield attributes and physical parameters of fruit quality in sapota under the eastern tropical region of India
Authors: Deeksha Gautam  , Gobinda Chandra  Acharya  , Subash Chandra Swain  , Sunil Samal  , Deepa Samant  , Adamala Anil Kumar  , Charu Shekhawat  , Kuldeep Kumar Shukla
Published: October 2024

The present study was conducted at Central Horticultural Experiment Station (ICAR-IIHR), Bhubaneswar, during 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the impact of the application of plant growth regulators on fruit set, yield and physical fruit quality of Sapota (Manilkara zapota L.) cv. DHS-1. The experiment was designed in a randomized completely block design with nine treatments consisting of NAA (50 and 100 ppm), CPPU (5 and 7.5 ppm), SA (150 and 300 ppm) and Homobrassinolide (10 and 15 ppm) and water as control. Treatments were imposed on 24-year-old, uniformly grown sapota trees, planted at 10m x 10m spacing, at flowering, fruit set and one month after fruit set. In general, the application of PGRs was effective in augmenting fruit sets, fruit retention, yield attributes and physical fruit quality over control. However, the application of NAA and CPPU performed better at higher doses. The treatment NAA @100 ppm resulted in the highest fruit set (34.76 %), fruit retention (57.46% at 30 DAFS, 28.48 % at 120 DAFS), yield (47.77 kg/tree) and physical fruit viz. pulp content (93.80%), dry matter (26.15%), fruit length (7.47 cm) and fruit width (6.57 cm). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed positive links among fruiting, yield, yield attributing traits and physical fruit quality parameters of sapota, as well as a negative correlation for peel content.
Gaussian Mixture Regression Model with Sparsity for Clustering of Territory Risk in Auto Insurance
Authors: Xie Shengkun , Gan Chong , Lawniczak Anna T.
Published: October 2024

Insurance rating territory design and accurate estimation of territory risk relativities are fundamental aspects of auto insurance rate regulation. It is crucial to develop methodologies that can facilitate the effective design of rating territories and their risk relativities estimate, as they directly impact the rate filing and the decision support of the rate change review process. This article proposes a Gaussian Mixture Regression model clustering approach for territory design. The proposed method incorporates a linear regression model, taking spatial location as model covariates, which helps estimate the cluster mean more accurately. Also, to further enhance the estimation of territory risk relativities, we impose sparsity through sparse matrix decomposition of the membership coefficient matrix obtained from the Gaussian Mixture Regression model. By transitioning from the current hard clustering method to a soft approach, our methodology could improve the evaluation of territory risk for rate-making purposes. Moreover, using non-negative sparse matrix approximation ensures that the estimation of risk relativities for basic rating units remains smooth, effectively eliminating data noise from the territory risk relativity estimate. Overall, our novel methodology aims to significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of risk analysis in auto insurance. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits potential for extension to various other domains that involve spatial clustering of data, thereby broadening its applicability and expanding its usefulness beyond auto insurance rate regulation.
MINTspace – Ein interaktiver Experimentierraum in der Bibliothek
Authors: Willers Radke Jörn , Rudnik Julian , Helmkamp Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Der MINTspace ist ein 2024 fertiggestellter Lern- und Experimentierraum in der Zentralbibliothek der Universitätsbibliothek Kiel. Mit seiner Einrichtung, unter anderem stehen 3D-Drucker, Mikroskope, AR-Brille, Lötstation und Experimentierbedarf bereit, bietet er unterschiedliche Wissenszugänge für alle Nutzenden der Bibliothek. Er ist auf die Bedarfe vielfältiger Zielgruppen, insbesondere von Studierenden der MINT-Fächer, aber auch darüber hinaus zugeschnitten.

Der MINTspace hat sich während des von 2020 bis 2025 laufenden Umbaus der Zentralbibliothek zu einem Kernstück der Gesamtkonzeption entwickelt. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden der Abteilung Lernen und Lehren (Bereich Physik und Chemie) gemeinsam mit weiteren Abteilungen der Universitätsbibliothek sowie dem Gebäudemanagement der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel in einem ehemaligen großen Gruppenarbeitsraum konzipiert, erarbeitet und aufgebaut.
Zukunft der VD – Vision einer forschungsadäquaten Nationalbibliographie der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Lauer Gerhard , Limbach Saskia , Reske Christoph , Scheibe Michaela , Weichselbaumer Nikolaus
Published: October 2024

VD 16, VD 17 und VD 18 erfassen als retrospektive Nationalbibliographie die Drucke des deutschen Sprachraums von 1500 bis 1800 und sind wichtige Werkzeuge für die Erforschung der europäischen Kulturgeschichte. Mit über 730.000 katalogisierten und rund 587.000 digitalisierten Titeln bieten sie großes Potenzial für Distant-Reading-Ansätze. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen und Perspektiven der Weiterentwicklung der drei VD mit ihren gewachsenen Datenbeständen. Die Zukunft der VD liegt im Aufbau eines zentralen Index und der Verbesserung der Daten und Beteiligungsstrukturen für eine forschungsfreundliche Nationalbibliographie der frühen Neuzeit.
Artificial neural network models for forecasting the extracted yield of essential oils from Curcuma longa L. by hydro-distillation
Authors: Babamiri Paniz Salimi , Zarenezhad Bahman , Khajenoori Maryam
Published: October 2024

Turmeric is commonly acknowledged in traditional medical practices for its strong healing properties. In the present work, hydro-distillation was employed to extract essential oils from turmeric powder. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of various parameters, including evaporation rate (0.23, 0.5, 0.8, 0.97, 1.36, 2 ml/min), solid/liquid ratio (4:100, 6:100, 8:100, 1:10, 11:100 g/ml), and extraction duration (13–250 min) on the yield of essential oils. The central composite design (CCD) proved to be an effective tool for evaluating the extraction yield of essential oils. A three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to develop the extraction model, employing the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) optimization algorithm. The neural network’s input layer comprised the solid/liquid ratio, evaporation rate, and extraction time, while the output layer indicated the yield of essential oil extraction. The most appropriate model included a hidden layer with 16 neurons, achieving R
2 and MSE values of 0.9989 and 0.0013, respectively. This investigation indicates that an artificial neural network prediction model serves as an effective method for estimating essential oil yield.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy with transient resolution preceding postpartum liver failure requiring liver transplant
Authors: Lee Rachel , Herrera Kimberly , Bernasko James
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare, potentially fatal complication of unknown etiology that occurs in the third trimester or early postpartum and can be associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The purpose of this report is to share a case of AFLP in which a period of objective and symptomatic resolution preceded delayed postpartum liver failure and liver transplant.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old G3P0020 female experienced preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at 32 weeks’ gestation and AFLP. She delivered vaginally and despite apparent initial disease resolution, was found 22 days later to have fulminant acute liver failure that required liver transplantation.

Conclusions

AFLP should be monitored closely postpartum even if disease parameters initially appear to resolve after delivery.