bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Reconfiguration Maneuvers of a Micro-satellite Constellation Based on a Hybrid Rocket Engine
Authors: Sannino Antonio , Mungiguerra Stefano , Cassese Sergio , Savino Raffaele , Fedele Alberto , Natalucci Silvia
Published: March 2024

In this work, the formation flight of the CubeSat cluster RODiO (Radar for Earth Observation by synthetic aperture DIstributed on a cluster of CubeSats equipped with high-technology micro-propellers for new Operative services) with respect to a small satellite in LEO (Low Earth Orbit) has been analyzed. RODiO is an innovative mission concept funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) in the context of the Alcor program. The small satellite is equipped with an antenna that allows it to function as a transmitter, whereas RODiO functions as a receiver. The extension of the virtual SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) antenna can be achieved by establishing an along-track baseline performing an orbital coplanar maneuver. Another interesting scenario is the possibility to create a cross-track baseline performing an inclination change maneuver. Such formation reconfiguration maneuvers can be achieved in relatively short times only by use of a high-thrust propulsion system, i.e., based on conventional chemical technologies. From the study of maneuvers, it is possible to identify the required ∆V (order of magnitude of 10 m/s), which represents an input parameter for the design of propulsion system. Among the different kinds of propulsion systems, a Hybrid Rocket Engine was chosen. Based on the previous experience acquired by Department of Industrial Engineering (University of Naples Federico II), the preliminary design of the thrust chamber for a Hybrid Rocket Engine based on Hydrogen Peroxide (91 wt%) of the 10 N-class could be carried out, whose dimensions meet the compactness requirements of the CubeSat (1.5 U, 2 kg).
An updated review on how biochar may possess potential in soil ARGs control on aspects of source, fate and elimination
Authors: Li Haibo , Lin Ying , Qin Xiaofei , Song Liuyu , Fan Fuhao , Liu Yang , Li Sihan
Published: March 2024

The global environmental issue of soil contamination with antibiotic-resistance genes has garnered increased attention in recent years due to its impact on ecosystems and human health. Despite this recognition, researchers face challenges in comprehensively understanding the mechanisms underlying the production and dissemination of soil resistance genes, particularly in relation to their implications for human health. This lack of understanding poses a barrier to the development of effective and precise control strategies. Biochar, a sustainable material, exhibits favorable adsorption properties characterized by its large pores and specific surface area. Therefore, we propose to explore the potential application of biochar addition in soil resistance gene management. In order to establish a solid research foundation in this area, in this paper we review the mechanisms underlying the generation and accumulation of soil resistance genes over the last decade, along with their transmission pathways and interfacial interactions. Biochar may help repair soil resistance genes by affecting factors like antibiotic levels, environmental conditions, enzymatic activity, and gene migration mechanisms, opening up new research possibilities.

Graphical Abstract
Performance Optimization Across the Edge-Cloud Continuum: A Multi-agent Rollout Approach for Cloud-Native Application Workload Placement
Authors: Soumplis Polyzois , Kontos Georgios , Kokkinos Panagiotis , Kretsis Aristotelis , Barrachina-Muñoz Sergio , Nikbakht Rasoul , Baranda Jorge , Payaró Miquel , Mangues-Bafalluy Josep , Varvarigos Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

The advancements in virtualization technologies and distributed computing infrastructures have sparked the development of cloud-native applications. This is grounded in the breakdown of a monolithic application into smaller, loosely connected components, often referred to as microservices, enabling enhancements in the application’s performance, flexibility, and resilience, along with better resource utilization. When optimizing the performance of cloud-native applications, specific demands arise in terms of application latency and communication delays between microservices that are not taken into consideration by generic orchestration algorithms. In this work, we propose mechanisms for automating the allocation of computing resources to optimize the service delivery of cloud-native applications over the edge-cloud continuum. We initially introduce the problem’s Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. Given the potentially overwhelming execution time for real-sized problems, we propose a greedy algorithm, which allocates resources sequentially in a best-fit manner. To further improve the performance, we introduce a multi-agent rollout mechanism that evaluates the immediate effect of decisions but also leverages the underlying greedy heuristic to simulate the decisions anticipated from other agents, encapsulating this in a Reinforcement Learning framework. This approach allows us to effectively manage the performance–execution time trade-off and enhance performance by controlling the exploration of the Rollout mechanism. This flexibility ensures that the system remains adaptive to varied scenarios, making the most of the available computational resources while still ensuring high-quality decisions.
Scattering problems for the wave equation in 1D: D’Alembert-type representations and a reconstruction method
Authors: Kalimeris Konstantinos , Mindrinos Leonidas
Published: March 2024

We derive the extension of the classical d’Alembert formula for the wave equation, which provides the analytical solution for the direct scattering problem for a medium with constant refractive index. Analogous formulae exist already in the literature, but in the current work this is derived in a natural way for general incident field, by employing results obtained via the Fokas method. This methodology is further extended to a medium with piecewise constant refractive index, providing the apparatus for the solution of the associated inverse scattering problem. Hence, we provide an exact reconstruction method which is also valid for phaseless data.
Can Wuwei and Ziran Authorise Anticipation?: Death, Desire, and Autonomy in the Zhuangzi
Authors: Jalalum Mark Antony
Published: March 2024

The concept of anticipation, on the one hand, has received a considerable treatment in classical phenomenology, particularly in Husserl. The Zhuangzi, on the other hand, has not been explored with the help of Husserl’s concept of anticipation. Broadly construed, anticipation, due to its association with robust proclivity to seeing and conjuring up possibilities issuing from a phenomenon, shall have no place in the Zhuangzi. Against such backdrop, I argue that—albeit the Zhuangzi does not develop an explicit discourse on anticipation—a delimited form of anticipation (‘d-anticipation’), that is, one which is inspired by Husserl’s concept of anticipation evident in his genetic phenomenology, can work in concert with the thoughts articulated in the Zhuangzi. I demonstrate this via examining death, desire, and freedom evident in the Zhuangzi. That ‘d-anticipation’ can work in concert with the thoughts articulated in the Zhuangzi can be apprehended in a variety of ways. Firstly, it can be seen in our natural response to death and the way in which we handle desires. Secondly, it points to Zhuangzi’s reductionistic manner of appreciating the richness of reality. Thirdly, it offers a way in which we can live life according to our nature. Fourthly, it points to an exercise of freedom which opens up the possibility of transcending conventional standards. Fifthly, it is inherently constitutive of the process of comportment with the Dao. Finally, it is in essence constitutive of a phenomenon or circumstance. In setting out to demonstrate these contentions, I seek to show that ‘d-anticipation’ can fill in a lacuna brought about by the negative appraisal of anticipation in the Zhuangzi and can assume a pivotal role in one’s comportment with the Dao.
The ethical implications of Chatbot developments for conservation expertise
Authors: Sworna Zarrin Tasnim , Urzedo Danilo , Hoskins Andrew J , Robinson Catherine J
Published: March 2024

Chatbots have emerged as a potent artificial intelligence (AI) tool for expediting expert knowledge, including evidence used for conservation research and practices. While digital technologies can support the curation and analysis of vast amounts of conservation datasets to inform best practices, AI-driven solutions raise ethical concerns around what source of evidence is used or not. This paper examines the ethical issues around sources, biases, and representation of conservation evidence formulated by chatbots. We interviewed two versions of ChatGPT, GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4, regarding knowledge available for ecological restoration and analysed 40,000 answers. Our results show that these chatbot developments are expanding the inclusion of diverse data sources and improving the accuracy of the responses. However, these technical developments do not necessarily imply ethical considerations in terms of fair representation and unbiased inclusion of diverse knowledge offered by different sources of expertise. While the updated model expands the descriptions ofgeographical locations and organizations, there remain limitations regarding equitable representation of different expertise and stakeholders. The updated version of GPT still relies heavily on evidence from high-income countries (88%), North American expertise (67%), and male academics (46%) with limited contributions from minority groups, such as Indigenous organizations (10%) and low-income countries (2%). In conclusion, the ethical implications within generative AI reveal the crucial requirement of human-centered negotiations to consider how knowledge practices are legitimized and embedded in the development and use of chatbots.
Measuring regulatory barriers using annual reports of firms
Authors: Ge Haosen
Published: March 2024

Existing studies show that regulation is a major barrier to global economic integration. Nonetheless, identifying and measuring regulatory barriers remains a challenging task for scholars. I propose a novel approach to quantify regulatory barriers at the country-year level. Utilizing information from annual reports of publicly listed companies in the U.S., I identify regulatory barriers business practitioners encounter. The barrier information is first extracted from the text documents by a cutting-edge neural language model trained on a hand-coded training set. Then, I feed the extracted barrier information into a dynamic item response theory model to estimate the numerical barrier level of 40 countries between 2006 and 2015 while controlling for various channels of confounding. I argue that the results returned by this approach should be less likely to be contaminated by major confounders such as international politics. Thus, they are well-suited for future political science research.
Land-use patterns and fungal bioaerosols in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome
Authors: Mantoani Maurício C. , Guerra Lara C. C. , Andrade Maria F. , Dias Maria A. F. S. , Dias Pedro L. S. , Rodrigues Fábio , Silva Dulcilena M. C. , Filho Valter Batista Duo , Rudke Anderson Paulo , Martins Jorge A. , Martins Leila Droprinchinski , Torezan José M. D. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Guillemot Joannès , Campoe Otávio C. , Phillips Vaughan , Carotenuto Federico , Šantl-Temkiv Tina , Morris Cindy E. , Gonçalves Fábio L. T.
Published: March 2024

Whilst the importance of fungal primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) has been recognised, few studies have empirically assessed how land-use patterns influence them. Here, we show the impacts of different land-use patterns on fungal PBAPs within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Spanning a distance of ca. 600 km within this biome, we collected fungal bioaerosols in the following land-use patterns: a 25-year-old coffee plantation, a 2.5-year-old Eucalyptus plantation, a 3-months-old maize crop, a 2-year-old and another 7-year-old native forest reforestation area, and a native forest fragment. Using the portable Burkard air sampler, a total of 14 morphotype-species were found. Cladosporium sp. comprised as much as about 95% of all fungal spores collected, being present in all samples (frequency of 100%). Forest systems had as much as 5-to-19-fold more fungal spores in the air than maize crops. Sampling height and time (morning vs. afternoon) did not influence fungal concentration and number of species. In addition, using data derived from an eddy covariance tower in the Eucalyptus site, we estimated the emission rate to be 6649 spores m−2 s−1. Our study confirms that land-use patterns affect fungal PBAPs, and that replacing large areas of native Atlantic Forest by monospecific stands, a homogenisation of airborne fungi is occurring, with unknown consequences for climate regulation.
EAST framework to promote adherence to nutritional supplementation: a strategy to mitigate COVID-19 within health workers
Authors: Arboleda John , Jaramillo Luis F. , Velez Alexander , Restrepo Juan E.
Published: March 2024

Cooperative and caring behaviors are key drivers of human social progress, especially during catastrophes or pandemic events. While COVID-19 pandemics was arriving to Colombia in absence of any approved therapeutic strategy or vaccine, and based on evidence from other viral diseases, we anticipated to hypothesize the protective role of some nutritional supplements such as Vitamin D and C against SARS-CoV2. Therefore, for health workers, we proposed a voluntarily nutritional supplementation plan to fortify their immune system aiming to prevent or mitigate eventual COVID-19 infection and disease. Using the behavioral EAST framework, all our health workers (n = 1,063) were invited via email to participate voluntarily in a supplementation strategy for a period of 3 months. 77.4% accepted participation, and among them, we identified a group with optimal adherence to the proposed supplementation plan (20%) and a predominant group with no adherence at all (57.29%). Adherence seemed to be associated to a risk perception bias that was predominant in female workers and those workers performing in working areas with higher risk of infection. Of importance, adherence to the supplementation strategy was associated to a lower percentage of COVID-19 diagnostics (12%) as compared with that observed in non-adherence participants (19%). Moreover, the sustained adherence during the time of intervention seemed to promote adoption of this target behavior, as up to 35% of the adherent participants remained attached (on their own) to the supplementation habit, 3 months after the end of the intervention. All these data show the potential relevance of EAST frameworks as tools to trigger health care and altruistic behaviors to avoid the spread of pandemic diseases. In line with other authors, our observations suggest that nutritional vitamin D and C supplementation could mitigate the risk of COVID-19, highlighting the behavioral and biological relevance of this type of interventions during emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases.
Light-mediated temperature susceptibility of kelp species (Agarum clathratum, Saccharina latissima) in an Arctic summer heatwave scenario
Authors: Niedzwiedz Sarina , Vonnahme Tobias Reiner , Juul-Pedersen Thomas , Bischof Kai , Diehl Nora
Published: March 2024

Kelps (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) are ecosystem engineers along Arctic rocky shores. With ongoing climate change, the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves are increasing. Further, extensive meltwater plumes darken Arctic fjords. Assessing the effect of a sudden temperature increase at the cold-distribution limit of cold-temperate kelp species, we compared the responses of two kelp species (Agarum clathratum, Saccharina latissima) to realistic Arctic summer heatwave scenarios (4–10°C) under low- and high-light conditions (3; 120 μmol photons m−2 s−1) for 12 days. We found high-light causing physiological stress in both species (e.g., lower photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II), which was enhanced by cold and mitigated by warm temperatures. Under low-light conditions, we found no temperature response, probably due to light limitation. Both species acclimated to light variations by adjusting their chlorophyll a concentration, meeting cellular energy requirements. A. clathratum had ~150% higher phlorotannin concentrations than S. latissima, possibly acting as herbivore-deterrent. Our findings suggest competitive advantages of kelps on different Arctic coasts with ongoing warming: A. clathratum has advantages in future areas, with low-light intensities, and possibly high grazing pressure and S. latissima in areas with high-light intensities and low grazing pressure. Species composition changes might have cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning.
Migraine Association with Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Evidence from the UK Biobank Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Geng Chaofan , Chen Chen
Published: March 2024

Background:

Epidemiological studies on the association between migraine and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk have yielded inconsistent conclusions. We aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genetic relationships between migraine and AD.

Methods:

To investigate the association between migraine and the risk of AD by analyzing data from a large sample of 404,318 individuals who were initially free from all-cause dementia or cognitive impairment, utilizing the UK Biobank dataset. We employed Cox regression modeling and propensity score matching techniques to examine the relationship between migraine and subsequent occurrences of AD. Additionally, the study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify the genetic relationship between migraine and the risk of AD.

Results:

Migraine patients had a significantly increased risk of developing AD, compared to non-migraine patients (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.01–0.74, P < 0.001). Moreover, the propensity scores matching analyses found that migraine patients had a significantly higher risk of developing AD compared to non-migraine patients (HR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1,68–2.05, P < 0.001). Additionally, the MR suggested that significant causal effects of migraine on AD risks were observed [odds ratio (OR) = 2.315; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.029–5.234; P = 0.002]. Moreover, no evidence supported the causal effects of AD on migraine (OR = 1.000; 95%CI = 0.999–1.006; P = 0.971).

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that migraine patients, compared to a matched control group, exhibit an increased risk of developing AD. Moreover, migraine patients exhibit an increased predisposition of genetic susceptibility to AD. These findings hold significant clinical value for early intervention and treatment of migraines to reduce the risk of AD.
Physics-informed neural networks for structural health monitoring: a case study for Kirchhoff–Love plates
Authors: Al-Adly Anmar I. F. , Kripakaran Prakash
Published: March 2024

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), which are a recent development and incorporate physics-based knowledge into neural networks (NNs) in the form of constraints (e.g., displacement and force boundary conditions, and governing equations) or loss function, offer promise for generating digital twins of physical systems and processes. Although recent advances in PINNs have begun to address the challenges of structural health monitoring, significant issues remain unresolved, particularly in modeling the governing physics through partial differential equations (PDEs) under temporally variable loading. This paper investigates potential solutions to these challenges. Specifically, the paper will examine the performance of PINNs enforcing boundary conditions and utilizing sensor data from a limited number of locations within it, demonstrated through three case studies. Case Study 1 assumes a constant uniformly distributed load (UDL) and analyzes several setups of PINNs for four distinct simulated measurement cases obtained from a finite element model. In Case Study 2, the UDL is included as an input variable for the NNs. Results from these two case studies show that the modeling of the structure’s boundary conditions enables the PINNs to approximate the behavior of the structure without requiring satisfaction of the PDEs across the whole domain of the plate. In Case Study (3), we explore the efficacy of PINNs in a setting resembling real-world conditions, wherein the simulated measurment data incorporate deviations from idealized boundary conditions and contain measurement noise. Results illustrate that PINNs can effectively capture the overall physics of the system while managing deviations from idealized assumptions and data noise.
Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings
Authors: Deter-Wolf Aaron , Robitaille Benoît , Riday Danny , Burlot Aurélien , Sialuk Jacobsen Maya
Published: March 2024

The Tyrolean ice mummy known as Ötzi presents some of the earliest direct evidence of tattooing in the human past. Despite decades of study, it remains unclear how the Iceman's tattoos were created and what tools and methods were used. Popular discussions of the Iceman describe his tattoos as having been made by incision, first cutting the skin and then rubbing in pigment from the surface. The authors review the scholarly literature on the Iceman's tattoos and summarize ethnographic, historic, and anthropological research on global patterns of tattooing to contextualize the Iceman's marks within pre-electric tattooing traditions. The results of recent experimental tattooing studies are then compared to the physical signature of the Iceman's marks to evaluate existing claims and provide informed hypotheses as to how those tattoos were created.
Poor sleep quality and its associated factors among working adults during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Aye Lwin Mie , Lee Wei Hao
Published: March 2024

Background

In Malaysia, a nationwide movement control order (MCO), implemented to curb the COVID-19 spread, impacted on the lives of the working population which could impair sleep quality.

Objective

This study aims to find the sleep quality status and its association with the socioeconomic, employment and lifestyle factors of working adults during the MCO period.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 eligible working adults. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.

Results

The proportion of poor sleep quality is found to be 59.4%. Analysis shows that the use of electronic devices before sleep (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.02–5.35, p-value = 0.046), increased amount of workload (OR = 0.45, p-value = 0.005), decreased in amount of workload (OR = 0.48, p-value = 0.003) and distracted while working (OR = 0.57, p-value = 0.014) are the factors significantly associated with and are predictors of poor sleep quality.

Conclusion

During crisis, there is a need for public health interventions for the working population to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Employers are recommended to support employees’ well-being and to provide a healthy workplace during challenging times. Policy recommendations are also made to implement flexible working arrangements, workload management, workplace mental health support and legal protections on reasonable working hours, rest breaks and time off during crises.
A Financial Case for a Medical-Legal Partnership: Reducing Lengths of Stay for Inpatient Care
Authors: Richman Barak D. , Barrett Breanna , Mohan Riya , Sangvai Devdutta
Published: March 2024

While Medical-Legal Partnerships (MLPs) have improved the health and well-being of the people they serve, most healthcare institutions will only invest in an MLP if they are convinced that doing so will improve its balance sheet. This article offers a detailed estimation of the cost savings that an MLP targeted toward the most acute legal needs would accrue to an academic medical center (AMC) in North Carolina.
Hospital-Based Medical-Legal Partnerships for Complex Care Patients: Intersectionality and Ethics Considerations
Authors: Garg Megha , Oliva Jennifer , Lu Alice , Martin Marlene , Hooper Sarah
Published: March 2024

Health systems are integrating medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) into clinical care and increasingly center “complex care” patients. These patients have intersecting medical and social needs and often face systemic inequities that exacerbate their chronic health conditions. This paper describes a role for MLPs in hospital quality initiatives; examines the ethics of MLPs assisting with guardianship and institutionalization of hospital patients including marginalized groups; and advocates for MLP interventions designed to address intersectional and ethical concerns.
Swimming Together Upstream: How to Align MLP Services with U.S. Healthcare Delivery
Authors: Sage William M. , Warren Keegan D.
Published: March 2024

Medical-legal partnership (MLP) embeds attorneys and paralegals into care delivery to help clinicians address root causes of health inequities. Notwithstanding decades of favorable outcomes, MLP is not as well-known as might be expected. In this essay, the authors explore ways in which strategic alignment of legal services with healthcare services in terms of professionalism, information collection and sharing, and financing might help the MLP movement become a more widespread, sustainable model for holistic care delivery.
Medicare Drug Pricing Negotiations: Assessing Constitutional Structural Limits
Authors: White Erica N. , Saxon Mary , Hodge James G. , Michaels Joel
Published: March 2024

A series of structural constitutional arguments lodged in multiple cases against Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) authorities to negotiate prescription drug prices via the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act threaten the legitimacy of CMS program and federal agency powers.
AI Chatbots and Challenges of HIPAA Compliance for AI Developers and Vendors
Authors: Rezaeikhonakdar Delaram
Published: March 2024

Developers and vendors of large language models (“LLMs”) — such as ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft’s Bing at the forefront—can be subject to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) when they process protected health information (“PHI”) on behalf of the HIPAA covered entities. In doing so, they become business associates or subcontractors of a business associate under HIPAA.
Camden Coalition Medical-Legal Partnership: Year One Analysis of Civil + Criminal MLP Model in Addiction Medicine Setting
Authors: Spiegel Jeremy S. , Salzman Matthew S. , Jones Iris , Hacker Landon
Published: March 2024

In 2022, the Camden Coalition Medical-Legal Partnership began providing civil and criminal legal services to substance use disorder patients at Cooper University Health Care’s Center for Healing. This paper discusses early findings from the program’s first year on the efficacy of the provision of criminal-legal representation, which is uncommon among MLPs and critical for this patient population. The paper concludes with takeaways for other programs providing legal services in an addiction medicine setting.
Social Determinants of Health: As Seen in a Courtroom
Authors: Morreim Haavi , Beeman Gail , Dobish Emilee
Published: March 2024

To provide effective care physicians must attend, not just to medical issues, but also to the social determinants of health — racial factors, food insecurity, housing instability, transportation barriers and beyond. Social determinants also include a largely underrecognized dimension: legal vulnerabilities such as rental evictions and debt adjudications. Yet rarely do medical trainees have an opportunity to witness legal vulnerabilities, firsthand.
Targeting Health-Related Social Risks in the Clinical Setting: New Policy Momentum and Practice Considerations
Authors: Shultz Blake N. , Oladele Carol R. , Leeds Ira L. , Gluck Abbe R. , Gross Cary P.
Published: March 2024

The federal government is funding a sea change in health care by investing in interventions targeting social determinants of health, which are significant contributors to illness and health inequity. This funding power has encouraged states, professional and accreditation organizations, health care entities, and providers to focus heavily on social determinants. We examine how this shift in focus affects clinical practice in the fields of oncology and emergency medicine, and highlight potential areas of reform.
The Everyday Experience of Revolution and “Counterrevolution” in Mexico, 1910–1940 (and Beyond)
Authors: Ristow Colby
Published: March 2024

This essay reviews the following works:

Orozco: The Life and Death of a Mexican Revolutionary. By Raymond Caballero. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2017. Pp. vii + 343. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780806157559.

Unrevolutionary Mexico: The Birth of a Strange Dictatorship. By Paul Gillingham. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021. Pp. xi + 464. $42.30 hardcover. ISBN: 9780300253122.

Insurgency, Counter-Insurgency, and Policing in Centre-West Mexico, 1926–1929: Fighting Cristeros. By Mark Lawrence. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. Pp. viii + 196. $112.50 hardcover. ISBN: 9781350095458.

Soldiers, Saints, and Shamans: Indigenous Communities and the Revolutionary State in Mexico’s Gran Nayar, 1910–1940. By Nathaniel Morris. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2020. Pp. xx + 371. $35.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780816541027.

Los Mensajeros de Job: Otra cara de la revolución en Yucatán. By Marisa Pérez de Sarmiento. Mexico City: UNAM, 2017. Pp. 292. $77 hardcover. ISBN: 9786073032995.

Edición y comunismo: Cultura impresa, educación militante y prácticas políticas (México, 1930–1940). By Sebastián Rivera Mir. Raleigh, NC: Editorial A Contracorriente, 2020. $30.00 paperback. Pp. ix + 286. ISBN: 9781945234781.

In Combat: The Life of Lombardo Toledano. By Daniela Spenser. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2020. Pp. xiv + 422. $28.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781642593341.

For Christ and Country: Militant Catholic Youth in Post-Revolutionary Mexico. By Robert Weis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xi + 200. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108493024.
Mother Orissa, Mother India, Mother Victoria: Expressions of National Life in Colonial Orissa
Authors: Moharana Dasarathi , Bedamatta Urmishree
Published: March 2024

In the early 20th century, Orissa, a province in British India, was marked by dismemberment and fragmentation. Nationalist leaders in colonial Orissa often portrayed the province as a disfigured mother to evoke nationalist sentiment among the Odia people and garner support for the unification of the Oriya-speaking tracts in adjacent provinces to form a separate and complete Orissa province. One painting from the period depicts a woman representing “Mother Orissa” being dissected on a table by an Englishman and surrounded by wolf-headed figures representing Bengal, Madras, and Bihar, who were opposed to the idea of Orissa’s unification. However, these leaders were careful not to create an environment of coercion and sought to allow for expressions of difference to foster a healthy national life. One way they did this was by trying to unite intrareligious groups in Orissa while also calling for the need to bring together people of different regions living in Orissa. Additionally, they balanced their allegiance and devotion among three mothers: Mother Orissa, Mother India, and Mother Victoria.
The first record of the calanoid family Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 in the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Farias Gabriel Bittencourt , Farias Kaio Henrique , Figueirêdo Lucas Guedes Pereira , Neumann Leitão Sigrid , Melo Pedro Augusto Mendes De Castro
Published: March 2024

Nine hundred and ninety-two (992) specimens of Pseudocyclops lerneri Fosshagen, 1968 (Copepoda: Pseudocyclopidae) were collected from the largest South Atlantic coral reef, Abrolhos bank (17°20′–18°10′S; 38°35′–39°20′W). Specimens were distinguished from other Pseudocyclops spp. by a close examination of the female and male fifth leg. This is the first record of the family Pseudocyclopidae in the South Atlantic. We further indicate that the low number of studies on this species, and as a consequence, the poorly understood ecology of Pseudocyclopidae may be caused by the use of inadequate sampling methods, indicating the use of demersal-focused samplers, such as emergence traps as an alternative to the sampling of these bottom-dwelling copepods.
An assessment of the utility of green gravel as a kelp restoration tool in wave-exposed intertidal habitats
Authors: Earp Hannah S. , Smale Dan A. , Catherall Harry J. N. , Moore Pippa J.
Published: March 2024

Kelp forests are being degraded and/or lost in many regions, and as such, interest in active kelp restoration approaches to reinstate forests is growing. ‘Green gravel’ is a promising new kelp restoration technique that involves seeding small rocks with kelp zoospores, rearing the gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte stages in aquaria before outplanting them at restoration sites. However, to be considered a viable approach to kelp forest restoration, the efficacy of this technique needs to be assessed across a range of environmental contexts and kelp species. Here, we aimed to understand the utility of green gravel as a kelp restoration technique for wave-exposed intertidal shores. Two substrate types – gravel and cobbles – were seeded with Saccharina latissima, reared in the aquarium and outplanted at two sites along the northeast coast of England. Outplanted rocks were monitored for retention, and the density and length of S. latissima. Juvenile sporophytes persisted on both rock types, although declines in density and variations in length were observed over time. Substrate retention was low, with gravel more likely to be removed from restoration sites compared to cobbles, and all outplanted rocks were lost after eight months. While our initial testing of the green gravel restoration technique on wave-exposed shores was not successful, our results provide important insights for developing/refining the technique and a baseline for comparison for future efforts. However, prior to commencing large-scale kelp restoration in wave-exposed areas using green gravel, further testing of the technique and comparisons with other restoration approaches are needed.
Psychopathology as long-term sequelae of maltreatment and socioeconomic disadvantage: Neurocognitive development perspectives
Authors: Kim-Spoon Jungmeen , Brieant Alexis , Folker Ann , Lindenmuth Morgan , Lee Jacob , Casas Brooks , Deater-Deckard Kirby
Published: March 2024

Neuroscience research underscores the critical impact of adverse experiences on brain development. Yet, there is limited understanding of the specific pathways linking adverse experiences to accelerated or delayed brain development and their ultimate contributions to psychopathology. Here, we present new longitudinal data demonstrating that neurocognitive functioning during adolescence, as affected by adverse experiences, predicts psychopathology during young adulthood. The sample included 167 participants (52% male) assessed in adolescence and young adulthood. Adverse experiences were measured by early maltreatment experiences and low family socioeconomic status. Cognitive control was assessed by neural activation and behavioral performance during the Multi-Source Interference Task. Psychopathology was measured by self-reported internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Results indicated that higher maltreatment predicted heightened frontoparietal activation during cognitive control, indicating delayed neurodevelopment, which, in turn predicted higher internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Furthermore, higher maltreatment predicted a steeper decline in frontoparietal activation across adolescence, indicating neural plasticity in cognitive control-related brain development, which was associated with lower internalizing symptomatology. Our results elucidate the crucial role of neurocognitive development in the processes linking adverse experiences and psychopathology. Implications of the findings and directions for future research on the effects of adverse experiences on brain development are discussed.
Successful ductal stent implantation for initial palliation in two patients with aortic atresia and interrupted aortic arch
Authors: Duras Ensar , Kamali Hacer , Gokalp Selman , Turkvatan Aysel , Guzeltas Alper
Published: March 2024

The coexistence of aortic valve atresia and interrupted aortic arch are an extremely rare condition. In this pathology, blood flow to the ascending aorta and coronary arteries should be provided through the ductus arteriosus or collaterals originating from the descending aorta. In rare cases where bilateral ductus arteriosus is present, they can provide circulation. Here, we report two cases in which coronary arteries and ascending aorta were supplied by one ductus arteriosus and distal systemic circulation is supplied by a second ductus arteriosus in one patient and a collateral artery in the other. Initial palliation was successfully performed by bilateral pulmonary artery banding and transcatheter ductal stent implantation in both cases.
Harnessing the bilingual descent down the mountain of life: Charting novel paths for Cognitive and Brain Reserves research
Authors: Rothman Jason
Published: March 2024

Evidence from various empirical study types have converged to show bilingualism's potential for serving as a cognitive and brain reserves contributor. In this article, I contextualize, frame the need for and offer some expanding questions in this endeavor, inclusive of empirical pathways to address them. While the set of variables and questions discussed herein are definitively incomplete, they embody a good starting point for shaping future directions in research that considers the role bilingual language engagement can have for the developing mind and brain, inclusive of how various, non-linear factors impact the descent bilinguals of various types take down the proverbial mountain of life.
Racial Feudalism
Authors: Roy Keidrick
Published: March 2024

Recent scholarship has examined Alexis de Tocqueville's underexplored assertion that American racial stratification functioned as an extension of European feudalism. However, Tocqueville was not alone in his insights. At least a half-dozen nineteenth-century African American writers and thinkers, including Frederick Douglass, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Maria Stewart, Harriet Jacobs, Sojourner Truth, and especially Hosea Easton, have also described America's racial hierarchy as a continuation of antecedent European feudal social structures. Not only do their perspectives on what I call racial feudalism in America lend credence to Tocqueville's hypothesis that the afterlife of medieval social frameworks continued to persist in the post-Enlightenment United States, but also black Americans establish a distinctive body of knowledge that must be read alongside Tocqueville to render a more complete understanding of antebellum US social hierarchy.
Elevation Anomalies of the Volcanic Floor Unit and Their Relationships to the Multiple Lakes of Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Annex A. M. , Ehlmann B. L.
Published: March 2024

We reassessed several orbital topographic data sets for the Perseverance rover landing site at Jezero Crater, Mars to better understand its floor units. Tens‐of‐meters deep topographic anomalies occur in the volcanic floor of Jezero crater and are not a result of impact cratering. Eight km‐scale steep escarpment‐bounded depressions may be locations of paleotopographic highs that were embayed by the volcanic floor lava flows, forming inverted topography from either contemporaneous upward inflation of embaying lavas or later deep scour due to differential erosion over 107−9 years. Five multi km‐scale shallow‐sloped depressions linked by channel‐like forms may record locations of buried paleolakes and channels that predate the volcanic floor units or a drained magma system. These results indicate Jezero experienced multiple closed‐basin or dry phases, allowing erosion of the crater floor and creation of topography, which provides new geologic context for the samples gathered by Perseverance.
Density and Magnetic Field Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability
Authors: Ma Xuanye , Delamere Peter , Nykyri Katariina , Otto Antonius , Eriksson Stefan , Chai Lihui , Burkholder Brandon , Dimmock Andrew , Liou Yu‐Lun , Kavosi Shiva
Published: March 2024

The Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability can transport mass, momentum, magnetic flux, and energy between the magnetosheath and magnetosphere, which plays an important role in the solar‐wind‐magnetosphere coupling process for different planets. Meanwhile, strong density and magnetic field asymmetry are often present between the magnetosheath (MSH) and magnetosphere (MSP), which could affect the transport processes driven by the KH instability. Our magnetohydrodynamics simulation shows that the KH growth rate is insensitive to the density ratio between the MSP and the MSH in the compressible regime, which is different than the prediction from linear incompressible theory. When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is parallel to the planet's magnetic field, the nonlinear KH instability can drive a double mid‐latitude reconnection (DMLR) process. The total double reconnected flux depends on the KH wavelength and the strength of the lower magnetic field. When the IMF is anti‐parallel to the planet's magnetic field, the nonlinear interaction between magnetic reconnection and the KH instability leads to fast reconnection (i.e., close to Petschek reconnection even without including kinetic physics). However, the peak value of the reconnection rate still follows the asymmetric reconnection scaling laws. We also demonstrate that the DMLR process driven by the KH instability mixes the plasma from different regions and consequently generates different types of velocity distribution functions. We show that the counter‐streaming beams can be simply generated via the change of the flux tube connection and do not require parallel electric fields.
On Generalized Additive Models for Representation of Solar EUV Irradiance
Authors: Brandt Daniel A. , Vega Erick F. , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: March 2024

In the context of space weather forecasting, solar EUV irradiance specification is needed on multiple time scales, with associated uncertainty quantification for determining the accuracy of downstream parameters. Empirical models of irradiance often rely on parametric fits between irradiance in several bands and various solar indices. We build upon these empirical models by using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to represent solar irradiance. We apply the GAM approach in two steps: (a) A GAM is fitted between FISM2 irradiance and solar indices F10.7, Revised Sunspot Number, and the Lyman‐α solar index. (b) A second GAM is fit to model the residuals of the first GAM with respect to FISM2 irradiance. We evaluate the performance of this approach during Solar Cycle 24 using GAMs driven by known solar indices as well as those forecasted 3 days ahead with an autoregressive modeling approach. We demonstrate negligible dependence of performance on solar cycle and season, and we assess the efficacy of the GAM approach across different wavelengths.
Promising dawn in tumor microenvironment therapy: engineering oral bacteria
Authors: Wang Zifei , Sun Wansu , Hua Ruixue , Wang Yuanyin , Li Yang , Zhang Hengguo
Published: March 2024

Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. The human mouth appears to be a multiplicity of local environments communicating with other organs and causing diseases via microbes. Nowadays, the role of oral microbes in the development and progression of cancer has received increasing scrutiny. At the same time, bioengineering technology and nanotechnology is growing rapidly, in which the physiological activities of natural bacteria are modified to improve the therapeutic efficiency of cancers. These engineered bacteria were transformed to achieve directed genetic reprogramming, selective functional reorganization and precise control. In contrast to endotoxins produced by typical genetically modified bacteria, oral flora exhibits favorable biosafety characteristics. To outline the current cognitions upon oral microbes, engineered microbes and human cancers, related literatures were searched and reviewed based on the PubMed database. We focused on a number of oral microbes and related mechanisms associated with the tumor microenvironment, which involve in cancer occurrence and development. Whether engineering oral bacteria can be a possible application of cancer therapy is worth consideration. A deeper understanding of the relationship between engineered oral bacteria and cancer therapy may enhance our knowledge of tumor pathogenesis thus providing new insights and strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Can flow proneness be protective against mental and cardiovascular health problems? A genetically informed prospective cohort study
Authors: Gaston Emma , Ullén Fredrik , Wesseldijk Laura W. , Mosing Miriam A.
Published: March 2024

Flow is a phenomenon where one experiences optimal challenge, marked by an intense, effortless, and rewarding concentration on a task. Past research shows that flow proneness is associated with good mental and cardiovascular health. However, this research has been primarily cross-sectional, based on self-report data, and has not controlled for potential confounding effects of neuroticism. In a large, longitudinal twin sample (N = 9361), we used nationwide patient registry data to test whether flow proneness predicted registry-based diagnoses of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, stress-related disorders, or cardiovascular diseases. We used survival analyses taking time to diagnosis into account to test if (a) there is a relationship between flow proneness and health diagnoses over time, (b) neuroticism confounds this relationship, and (c) the relationship remains present within discordant monozygotic twin pairs (N = 952), thereby controlling for genetic and shared environmental confounding. Individuals with higher flow proneness had a decreased risk of receiving diagnoses for depression (16%; CI [14%, 18%]), anxiety (16%; CI [13%, 18%]), schizophrenia (15%; CI [4%, 25%]), bipolar (12%; CI [6%, 18%]), stress-related (9%; CI [9%, 12%]), and cardiovascular disorders (4%; CI [1%, 8%]). When controlling for neuroticism, higher flow proneness still decreased the risk of depression (6%; CI [3%, 9%]) and anxiety diagnoses (5%; CI [1%, 8%]). Monozygotic twins who experienced more flow than their co-twin had a lower risk for depression (16%; CI [5%, 26%]) and anxiety (13%; CI [1%, 24%]), though only the association with depression remained significant when also controlling for neuroticism (13%; CI [1%, 24%]). Findings are in line with a causal protective role of flow experiences on depression and potentially anxiety and highlight that neuroticism and familial factors are notable confounding factors in observed associations between flow proneness and health outcomes.