bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of close others in daily goal pursuit
Authors: Gore Jonathan S.
Published: May 2013

This study tested the hypothesis that daily contact with close others during goal pursuit would activate relationally autonomous reasons and would also be associated with the corresponding levels of goal effort. We also hypothesized that the association would be strongest among highly relational and agreeable people. Participants ( n = 49) completed self-construal and agreeableness assessments at a face-to-face session, then they completed daily reports of relational motives, contact with close and distant others, and goal effort daily for the next 6 days online. The results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis showed that contact with friends and family members were associated with the corresponding levels of effort among highly relational people. Only contact with parents was associated with the corresponding effort among highly agreeable people. Contact with friends and family was also associated with daily levels of relationally autonomous motives, but not relationally controlled motives. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Independent control of multiple magnetic microrobots in three dimensions
Authors: Diller Eric , Giltinan Joshua , Sitti Metin
Published: May 2013

A major challenge for untethered microscale mobile robotics is the control of many agents in the same workspace for distributed operation. In this work, we present a new method to independently control multiple sub-mm microrobots in three dimensions (3D) using magnetic gradient pulling as the 3D motion generation method. Motion differentiation is accomplished through the use of geometrically or magnetically distinct microrobots which assume different magnetization directions in a rotating or oscillating magnetic field. This allows for different magnetic forces to be exerted on each, enabling independent motion control and path following of multiple microrobots along arbitrary 3D trajectories. Path following in 3D with less than 310 μ m mean error is shown for a set of two microrobots of size 350 μ m and 1500 μ m, and independent motions are shown with three microrobots. It is also shown that control of more microrobots could be possible using improved magnetic coil hardware. Microrobot diversity is analyzed with regards to the effect on independent control. The proposed addressability method could be used for the 3D control of a team of microrobots inside microfluidic channels or in the human body for localized therapy or diagnostics.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of pathologically proven cerebral sparganosis
Authors: Chu Shuguang , Lu Xingsui , Wang Yin , Gao Gejun , Xv Feijia , Zee Chi-Shing , Yao Zhenwei
Published: May 2013

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cerebral sparganosis, a rare parasitic disease caused by the plerocercoid larva of Spirometra mansoni.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed medical records, computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans and pathological specimens from patients with pathologically proven cerebral sparganosis. The location, signal intensity and contrast enhancement characteristics of the lesions were assessed.

Results

Records of 12 patients (seven male and five female; age range 8–35 years) were reviewed. A total of 13 lesions were identified: of the 10 patients with supratentorial lesions, nine had a single lesion and one had bilateral hemispheric lesions. Two patients had a single lesion in the ependyma of the 4th ventricle. All lesions were iso-hypointense on T1-weighted images, slightly hypointense on T2-weighted images and surrounded by extensive oedema. Ten of the 13 lesions demonstrated a ‘string-knots sign’, characterized by a tangled string in a knot-like shape on contrast-enhanced MRI.

Conclusion

A string-knots sign enhancement pattern in cortical–subcortical regions should suggest the diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis.
Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome: A prospective study of 255 consecutive patients
Authors: Uçar Demet , Dıraçoğlu Demirhan , Karan Ayşe
Published: May 2013

Objective

To determine the relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome (TMDS), sex and pain severity.

Methods

Data were collected prospectively from consecutive patients with TMDS. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to signs and symptoms: myofascial pain; intra-articular disorders; extra-articular disorders; degenerative disorders. Intergroup sex distribution differences were evaluated, the pain severity between the four subgroups was compared, and the rates of bruxism and inco-ordination were measured. A visual analogue scale was used to rate the pain.

Results

A total of 255 patients with TMDS were included in the study. A significantly higher rate of extra-articular disorders was found in male patients. Bruxism was found to be significantly more common in females than in males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of inco-ordination based on sex. The overall pain score was higher in females than in males, but there was no significant difference. The pain score was significantly higher in patients in the degenerative disorders subgroup, compared with other subgroups.

Conclusions

There was no relationship between TMDS and pain and sex. Pain scores were significantly higher in the degenerative disorders subgroup, compared with other subgroups.
Potentials for food waste minimization and effects on potential biogas production through anaerobic digestion
Authors: Bernstad Saraiva Schott Anna , Vukicevic Sanita , Bohn Irene , Andersson Tova
Published: May 2013

Several treatment alternatives for food waste can result in both energy and nutrient recovery, and thereby potential environmental benefits. However, according to the European Union waste management hierarchy, waste prevention should be the prioritized strategy to decrease the environmental burdens from all solid waste management. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the potential for food waste minimization among Swedish households through an investigation of the amount of avoidable food waste currently disposed of. A further aim was to investigate the effect on the national biogas production potential through anaerobic digestion of food waste, considering minimization potentials. A method for waste composition analyses of household food waste, where a differentiation between avoidable and unavoidable food waste is made, was used in a total of 24 waste composition analyses of household waste from Swedish residential areas. The total household food waste generation reached 3.4 kg (household and week)-1, on average, of which 34% is avoidable. The theoretical methane (CH4) potential in unavoidable food waste reached 442 Ndm3 (kg VS)-1 or 128 Nm3 tonne-1 wet waste, while the measured (mesophilic CH4 batch tests) CH4 production reached 399 Ndm3 (kg VS)-1, which is lower than several previous assessments of CH4 production from household food waste. According to this study the combination of a decrease in food waste generation—in case of successful minimization—and decreased CH4 production from unavoidable food waste will thus result in lower total potential energy recovery from household food waste through anaerobic digestion CH4 potential than previously stated.
Consequences of Arizona’s Immigration Policy on Social Capital Among Mexican Mothers With Unauthorized Immigration Status
Authors: Valdez Carmen R. , Padilla Brian , Valentine Jessa Lewis
Published: May 2013

This study explores the consequences of increasingly restrictive immigration policies on social capital among Mexican mothers with unauthorized immigrant status in Arizona. Three focus groups conducted in Arizona explore how mothers’ experiences with immigration policies have affected their neighborhood, community, and family ties. Focus group content and interactions revealed that perceived racial profiling was common among mothers and led to fear of family separation. Several described direct experiences with detention and deportation. Although detention and deportation strengthened social ties between mothers and other unauthorized immigrants, these experiences were detrimental to social ties between mothers and members of the mainstream society, including their children’s teachers. Finally, immigration policies were perceived to affect parent-child ties negatively, as mothers reported family stress, financial hardship, and decreased parental availability.
Bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity of dithiopyridine herbicide in the brain of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Morsy Gamal Mohamed
Published: May 2013

The freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio, was exposed to 0.5 mg (30% of median lethal concentration (LC50)), 1.0 mg (60% of LC50), and 1.6 mg (LC50) of dithiopyridine herbicide per liter for acute (24 h) and 1/10 of LC50 (0.2 mg/L/day) for sublethal (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) experiments. The herbicide bioaccumulation was significantly affected by the acute exposure levels and the experimental periods and was positively correlated with them. One-way analysis of variance revealed that the acute and sublethal exposure to the herbicide as well as the experimental periods caused significant reduction in the concentrations of catecholamines (dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE)), elevation of acetylcholine (ACh), and was associated with a marked decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In comparison with the corresponding controls, most levels of the DA and NE and the activity of AChE were significantly decreased, whereas the concentration of ACh was markedly elevated, during acute and sublethal exposure. In the acute and sublethal experiments, the herbicide accumulated in the brain was inversely proportional to the levels of DA and NE and the activity of AChE but has a direct correlation with the concentration of ACh. In addition, the brain’s AChE activity was negatively correlated with ACh content during the acute ( r = −0.94) and sublethal ( r = −0.78) experiments.
Ketogenic Diets and Pain
Authors: Masino Susan A. , Ruskin David N.
Published: May 2013

Ketogenic diets are well established as a successful anticonvulsant therapy. Based on overlap between mechanisms postulated to underlie pain and inflammation, and mechanisms postulated to underlie therapeutic effects of ketogenic diets, recent studies have explored the ability for ketogenic diets to reduce pain. Here we review clinical and basic research thus far exploring the impact of a ketogenic diet on thermal pain, inflammation, and neuropathic pain.
Treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Complications With a Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Mobbs Charles V. , Mastaitis Jason , Isoda Fumiko , Poplawski Michal
Published: May 2013

Accumulating evidence suggests that low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets are safe and effective to reduce glycemia in diabetic patients without producing significant cardiovascular risks. Most of these studies have been carried out specifically restricting carbohydrates, which tends to lead to increased protein intake, thus reducing the ketosis. However, diets that limit protein as well as carbohydrates, entailing a composition very high in fat, appear even more effective to reduce glucose and whole-body glucose metabolism in humans. In animal models, low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets do not produce ketosis or reduce glycemia but rather cause obesity. However, limiting both protein and carbohydrates as in a classic ketogenic diet remarkably reduces blood glucose in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and reverses diabetic nephropathy. Future studies should assess if ketogenic diets would be effective to reverse diabetic complications in humans.
Percutaneous Tracheostomy at the Bedside
Authors: Maxwell Bryan G. , Ganaway Toni , Lighthall Geoffrey K.
Published: May 2013

We have developed a set of routines and practices in the course of performing a large series (n = 70) of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT). The 13 tips discussed in this review fall into 4 categories. System factors that facilitate training, patient safety, and avoidance of crises including the use of appropriate personnel, importance of timing, use of premedication, and the utility and content of a preprocedure briefing. Suggestions to prevent loss of the airway include tips on airway assessment, preparation of airway equipment, and use of exchange catheter techniques. Strategies to avoid and manage both microvascular and large-vessel bleeding are discussed. We also discuss the management of common postprocedure problems including tracheostomy tube obstruction, malposition requiring tube exchange or replacement, and air leak. The practical considerations for successful execution of PDT involve common sense, thorough planning, and structured approaches to prevent adverse effects if the procedure does not go as smoothly as expected. These strategies will aid anesthesiologists and intensivists in improving their comfort level, safety, and competence in performing this beside procedure.
Imagining the injured child: Engaging the social at a therapeutic community prison in Britain
Authors: Rhodes Lorna A
Published: May 2013

Drawing on a comparison with the supermax (solitary confinement) prison in the United States, this article explores the meaning and social circulation of narratives of childhood trauma at HMP Grendon, a therapeutic community prison in Britain. Grendon prisoners incorporate the haunting effects of abuse and neglect into practices of group therapy and communal solidarity, in contrast to the persecution and repression characteristic of interactions in supermax. These differences are discussed in relation to historical changes in the framing of incarcerated personhood and the ‘death of the rehabilitative ideal’ in the United States.
The UK coalition and the civil service: A half-term report
Authors: Pyper Robert
Published: May 2013

Drawing upon a range of policy documents, government papers and parliamentary reports, as well as published academic and think tank analyses, this article sets out the civil service inheritance bequeathed to the 2010 UK coalition government by its predecessors, examines the pre-election civil service policies of the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats, illustrates the policy challenges facing the civil service in serving two masters, and analyses the reasons for and early impact of organisational and leadership changes in Whitehall since 2010. The background to, and potential significance of, the 2012 Civil Service Reform Plan are set out. The article provides a succinct overview of the impact of the coalition government on Whitehall during the first two and a half years of its term.
Adaptive modeling of aircraft engine performance degradation model based on the equilibrium manifold and expansion form
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Yuan Ye , Shi Jing , Zhao Lei
Published: May 2013

A new adaptive modeling method for aircraft engine by using equilibrium manifold (EM) and its expansion (EME) model is presented, following research undertaken by the authors at School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China. The property of the expansion model and the effect of mapping design to the form are systematically studied. The model adaptivity analysis is discussed, and this paper also gives the identification procedure of modeling the aircraft engine approximate nonlinear model; the deterioration modification of compressor and the comparison with linear parameter-varying model and Kalman estimator are discussed. Simulations illustrate that modeling accuracy is high and the structure is simpler.
Bilateral central retinal artery occlusion and vein occlusion complicated by severe choroidopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Nishiguchi KM , Ito Y , Terasaki H
Published: May 2013

Severe retinal vascular occlusions resulting in blindness is a rare occurrence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we report a case of a 33-year-old female who developed combined central retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, and choroidopathy and rapidly became completely blind in both eyes within a week. The electroretinogram revealed a severely attenuated a-wave and b-wave, indicating a profound dysfunction of both choroidal and retinal circulation, respectively. The current case demonstrates objectively the functional impact of severe choroidopathy in SLE for the first time. Patients with unilateral blindness due to combined retinal/choroidal vascular obstructions should be monitored carefully to ensure adequate anticoagulant therapy in an attempt to guard the vision in the fellow eye.
The Impacts of Unmet Needs for Long-Term Care on Mortality Among Older Adults in China
Authors: Zhen Zhihong , Feng Qiushi , Gu Danan
Published: May 2013

The unmet needs of persons needing long-term care have recently drawn attention in China, the nation with the world’s largest elderly population. Using national panel data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), we examined the 3-year mortality of 3,089 Chinese adults above the age of 65 years who required long-term care. Long-term care needs were measured by the inability to perform any of the following six activities of daily living for 3 months: eating, dressing, bathing, getting in/out of the bed, indoor transferring, and toileting. Exponential parametric hazard models were used to investigate the association between unmet care needs on subsequent mortality. Results showed that older adults with unmet needs had an approximately 10% increased risk of mortality compared with those whose needs were met when demographics were under control. The risks were particularly elevated among older women and among urban older adults. We conclude by discussing these findings and the importance of a national social insurance program (or additional programs) specialized for the provision of long-term care in China.
Virtual Team Effectiveness
Authors: Gilson Lucy L. , Maynard M. Travis , Bergiel Erich B.
Published: May 2013

Although the topic of virtual teams has created interest within the academic and practitioner literature, there is a lack of research on how to teach or train individuals to be effective members of such teams. To address this gap, we developed a virtual team activity that we have been using in our undergraduate business courses for 6 years. The activity is designed such that teams with members from several geographically dispersed universities work together via technology to experience the inherent differences of working within virtual teams. Here, we highlight some of the key facets of the activity as well as modifications we have made to improve the learning experience. We also discuss the debriefing sessions that are provided to classes, several pedagogical issues, and some student feedback that we have received.
Turing instabilities in biology, culture, and consciousness? On the enactive origins of symbolic material culture
Authors: Froese Tom , Woodward Alexander , Ikegami Takashi
Published: May 2013

It has been argued that the worldwide prevalence of certain types of geometric visual patterns found in prehistoric art can be best explained by the common experience of these patterns as geometric hallucinations during altered states of consciousness induced by shamanic ritual practices. And in turn the worldwide prevalence of these types of hallucinations has been explained by appealing to humanity’s shared neurobiological embodiment. Moreover, it has been proposed that neural network activity can exhibit similar types of spatiotemporal patterns, especially those caused by Turing instabilities under disinhibited, non-ordinary conditions. Altered states of consciousness thus provide a suitable pivot point from which to investigate the complex relationships between symbolic material culture, first-person experience, and neurobiology. We critique prominent theories of these relationships. Drawing inspiration from neurophenomenology, we sketch the beginnings of an alternative, enactive approach centered on the concepts of sense-making, value, and sensorimotor decoupling.
Validity of CBCL-Derived PTSD and Dissociation Scales
Authors: Milot Tristan , Plamondon André , Éthier Louise S. , Lemelin Jean-Pascal , St-Laurent Diane , Rousseau Michel
Published: May 2013

There is growing evidence that child neglect is an important risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation. Considering that the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used measure, the possibility of using validated CBCL-derived trauma symptoms scales could be particularly useful to better understand how trauma symptoms develop among neglected children and adolescents. This study examined the factor structure of three CBCL-derived measures of PTSD and dissociation (namely, PTSD scale, Dissociation scale, and PTSD/Dissociation scale) in a sample of 239 neglected children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years using the latest version of CBCL (CBCL 6-18). Evidence of convergent validity of these scales was also examined for participants aged 12 and under using two well-validated measures of PTSD and Dissociation: the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Young Children and the Child Dissociation Checklist. Findings suggest that CBCL-derived measures of trauma symptoms, especially PTSD and Dissociations scales, may be of heuristic value in the study of trauma symptomatology in neglected samples. Factor structure and evidence of convergent validity were supported for these two scales. Results also provide further support to the well-established assumption that PTSD and dissociation are two related but different constructs.
Soft tissue calcification secondary to imatinib mesylate in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Enck Robert E , Abushahin Fadi , Bossaer John B
Published: May 2013

Imatinib mesylate has been associated with the changes in bone turnover. We report a case of the development of tissue calcification in a patient on long-term therapy with this drug. A 48-year-old male patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor and liver metastasis complained of abdominal pain. His treatment included hepatic artery chemoembolization and partial hepatectomy in addition to chronic imatinib mesylate for 4 years. On physical examination, he had a peritoneal mass just beneath the laparotomy incision scar that, after resection, was found to be dystrophic bone formation. Based on the previous studies suggesting bone changes due to chronic therapy with imatinib mesylate, we believe that the patient's new bone formation was causally related to the use of this drug. To our knowledge, there are no similar reported cases in the literature.
Wave propagation in sandwich structures with resonators and periodic cores
Authors: Chen JS , Sun CT
Published: May 2013

Wave propagation in sandwich structures containing periodic cores and local resonators are studied. The effect on wave attenuation is emphasized. It is found that within certain frequency bands wave is forbidden from propagating through the structure with periodic cores or with resonators. It is also found that for the structure consisting of two different core materials periodically placed along the beam length, the location and range of the stop band can be tailored by the physical properties of the core. Also, with fixed core properties, the lattice constant becomes an important factor in controlling the location of the stop band. Moreover, the coupling of the two mechanisms can effectively enlarge the width of the stop band and enhance wave attenuation. It is evident that resonators are easier to use for filtering disturbances with low frequencies.
Normalizing impact energy by face sheet thickness for composite sandwich structure compression after impact testing
Authors: Nettles Alan
Published: May 2013

The amount of impact energy used to damage a composite laminate face sheet of a sandwich structure is a critical parameter when assessing residual compression strength. The compression after impact strength of impacted laminates used as face sheets on honeycomb core sandwich structure is dependent upon how thick the face sheet laminate is and this has traditionally been accounted for by normalizing (dividing) the impact energy by the laminate’s thickness. However when comparing compression after impact strength values for a given lay-up sequence and fiber/resin system, dividing the impact energy by the specimen thickness has been noted by the author to give higher compression after impact strength values for thicker face sheet laminates. A study was thus undertaken to assess the comparability of compression after impact strength data of sandwich structure by normalizing the impact energy by the face sheet thickness raised to a power to account for the higher strength of thicker laminates. Two data sets generated in this study were analyzed by dividing the impact energy by the face sheet thickness to the 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 powers. Results show that raising the face sheet thickness to a power of approximately 2.5 and dividing the impact energy by this quantity yields more comparable compression after impact strength data for comparing 8- and 16-ply face sheet laminates. For comparison of 24-ply face sheet laminates to 8- or 16-ply face sheet laminates, a value closer to 2 was found to give more comparable compression after impact strength data.
Bollywood dance as political participation? On flash mobs, new media, and political potential
Authors: Shresthova Sangita
Published: May 2013

On November 27, 2011, a flash mob took place in the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) train station in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, as a group of mostly young people performed a dance set to a Bollywood song. Soon, videos of the event appeared online sparking lively debates and media coverage. Here, I engage the ‘CST flash mob’ and its use of Bollywood dance to grapple with the democratic potential that lies at the intersection of live performance, popular culture, and new media. Situating the flash mob within Bollywood dance scholarship, I explore the global proliferation and online circulation of Bollywood flash mobs as fandom in performance. I am particularly interested in the implicit political dimensions of these performances and how these play out in local and new media contexts.
Antecedents of approach-avoidance achievement goal adoption: An analysis of two physical education activities
Authors: Warburton Victoria , Spray Christopher
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between implicit theories of ability and competence perceptions to changes in approach-avoidance goal adoption in two specific activities in the curriculum. Four hundred and thirty pupils, aged 11–15 years, completed measures of approach-avoidance goals, perceived competence and implicit theories of ability at the start and end of a tennis or cricket unit of work in physical education (PE). In both tennis and cricket, most of the variance in the variables under investigation was due to differences between pupils and not to differences between classes. Controlling for prior approach-avoidance goal adoption, incremental beliefs predicted change in mastery-approach goal adoption and perceptions of competence predicted change in performance-approach goal adoption over the unit of work in both tennis and cricket. Differences in the predictive pattern of antecedents to changes in goal adoption emerged between activities.
Children of treated substance-abusing mothers: A 10-year prospective study
Authors: Hser Y-I , Evans E , Li L , Metchik-Gaddis A , Messina N
Published: May 2013

This study examined children of substance-abusing mothers approximately 10 years after mothers’ admission to drug abuse treatment, and identified maternal characteristics that may be risk factors for child behavior problems on the Child Behavior Checklist. Data were obtained from 396 mothers who were included in a sample consecutively admitted to 44 treatment programs in 13 California counties during 2000–2002. The Addiction Severity Index was administered at both intake and follow-up. Each mother reported on one child 6–17 years of age. All of the children had been exposed to drugs, either in utero or postnatally. At follow-up about 22% of the children demonstrated borderline or clinical range problem behaviors. Child behavior problems were related significantly to the mothers’ ethnicity (lower among Hispanics relative to white), and problem severity in family/social relationship and mental health, marginally related to her prior medical/health problem, and not related to severity of alcohol, drug, legal and employment problems. Assisting mothers to address their family/social relationship and psychological problems may have an added value to prevent or reduce behavioral problems of their children.
Body talk among undergraduate women: Why conversations about exercise and weight loss differentially predict body appreciation
Authors: Wasylkiw Louise , Butler Nicole A
Published: May 2013

Undergraduate women ( N = 143) completed self-reports on exercise behavior, body orientation, body appreciation, and body-related talk. Results showed that conversations about weight loss/dieting and conversations about exercise differentially predicted body appreciation. Importantly, multiple regression analyses showed that the relationship between talk type and body appreciation was explained by the object–process dichotomy: Conversations about exercise oriented women to consider what their bodies can do which, in turn, predicted appreciation of one’s body. In contrast, the relationship between conversations about weight loss/dieting and body appreciation was mediated by negative attitudes about one’s body but not by an object orientation.
Predictors of recent HIV testing among male street laborers in urban Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huy V , Dunne Michael P , Debattista Joseph
Published: May 2013

This study assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with HIV testing among male street laborers. In a cross-sectional survey, social mapping was done to recruit and interview 450 men aged 18–59 years in Hanoi. Although many of these men engaged in multiple risk behaviors for HIV, only 19.8 percent had been tested for HIV. A modified theoretical model provided better fit than the conventional Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills model, as it explained much more variance in HIV testing. This model included three Information–Motivation–Behavioral components and four additional factors, namely, the origin of residence, sexual orientation, the number of sexual partners, and the status of condom use.
Applying Leventhal’s self-regulatory model to pregnancy: Evidence that pregnancy-related beliefs and emotional responses are associated with maternal health outcomes
Authors: Jessop Donna C , Craig Lisa , Ayers Susan
Published: May 2013

This study explored whether women’s beliefs about, and emotional responses to, pregnancy could account for variations in maternal mental and physical health outcomes, using the self-regulatory model as a theoretical framework. Women in the last trimester of pregnancy ( N = 408) completed an online survey including measures of representations of pregnancy, coping, and physical and mental health. Results revealed that representations of pregnancy accounted for up to 30 and 39 per cent of the variance in indicators of physical and mental health, respectively. Findings suggest that beliefs about pregnancy may have important implications for maternal health.
Being healthy or looking good? The effectiveness of health versus appearance-focused arguments in two-sided messages
Authors: Cornelis Erlinde , Cauberghe Verolien , De Pelsmacker Patrick
Published: May 2013

Two experimental studies test the effectiveness of health versus appearance-related arguments in two-sided messages. The first study shows that two-sided messages to discourage suntanning are more effective when using appearance-focused instead of health-focused arguments. Study 2 elaborates on the underlying mechanism and extends the generalization of the results of the first study, by investigating two-sided messages to promote physical exercise. The results show that for health-motivated consumers, a health-focused message is more effective, whereas for appearance-motivated consumers, an appearance-focused message is more effective. This matching effect is mediated by argument relevance.
Neoliberalism and popular women’s culture: Rethinking choice, freedom and agency
Authors: Chen Eva
Published: May 2013

‘Choice’, ‘freedom’ and ‘agency’ are terms liberally appropriated in recent years by popular women’s cultural genres to advance an image of the new, empowered woman confidently embracing patriarchal heterosexuality and commodity culture. Critics such as Rosalind Gill have linked this image to the influence of contemporary neoliberalism. This article extends these claims in order to argue that with the rise of this new female subject that reflects the workings of the neoliberal process of subjectification as immanent within and responsive to normative power, a more detailed examination is necessary of the changed meanings of choice and freedom. In the light of this changed form of governance and subjectification, feminist critique of popular women’s culture needs to readjust its terms of engagement.
Lessons from Digital Switchover in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Hyunsun
Published: May 2013

In this article, I discuss the lessons from South Korea’s digital switchover, considering its development in the process and the remaining challenges. South Korea completed the digital switchover on December 31, 2012, but the analogue cable conversion to digital cable has not yet been completed for some ten million households. Furthermore, a mere 2.6% of all households eligible for government support benefitted from the support scheme. Although Korea embarked on its journey toward digital television relatively early, its progress has been slow and the outcome was only a partial success. I examine the national politics leading up to pilot programs for eliminating analogue television signals in two phases: Wuljin, Kangjin, and Danyang during September and November 2010, followed by Jeju in June 2011. Based on these experiences and the diagnosis of the current situation after the switchover, I conclude that South Korea’s digital switchover is a partial success and there is continued need for a centralized hub collaborating between the government, the broadcasters, and the television manufacturers to communicate more effectively and to increase public awareness to overcome the remaining challenges.
From Community Control to Professionalism
Authors: Barton Stephen E.
Published: May 2013

Nearly forty years ago, the City of Berkeley’s progressive activists and elected officials began an effort to use city government to develop democratic, community-controlled housing that would not be subject to the market and would assist in building a movement for social justice. Although progressives gained long-term control of the city government, over the years they largely abandoned the goal of economic democracy due to a combination of limited local resources, changing political priorities, and the need for professionalism in housing production and management. Today, most of the City’s housing funding goes to two highly professional regional nonprofit housing organizations headquartered in Berkeley, which maintain a landlord–tenant relationship with residents but are part of a broader nonprofit housing movement.
The Effect of Balloon-Occluded Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices and Gastrorenal Shunts on the Hepatic Synthetic Function
Authors: Saad Wael E.A. , Wagner Cynthia (Cindy) , Al-Osaimi Abdulla , Bliebel Wissam , Lippert Allison , Davies Mark G. , Sabri Saher S. , Turba Ulku C. , Matsumoto Alan H. , Angle John (Fritz) , Caldwell Stephen
Published: May 2013

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of balloon-occluded transvenous obliteration (BRTO) on the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and the Child-Pugh (C-P) score and their individual components.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients undergoing only BRTO without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was performed (08, 2007 to 06, 2010). Pre- and post-BRTO MELD and C-P scores were calculated. The post-BRTO MELD and C-P score samplings were categorized as (1) immediate (within 14 days), (2) early (14-90 days), and (3) delayed (90-180 days) post-BRTO. The C-P and MELD scores and their individual components before and after (various sample intervals) were compared.

Results:

A total of 29 consecutive successful BRTO procedures were found and assessed. In all, 26 had immediate post-BRTO sampling (average 1.8 days after BRTO), 13 (57%) had an early post-BRTO sampling (average 47 days from BRTO), and 10 (38%) had a delayed post-BRTO sampling (average 121 days from BRTO). The bilirubin rises significantly ( P = .007) within days after BRTO, but synthetic function improves significantly between 1.5 and 4.0 months post-BRTO (international normalized ration: P = .02, bilirubin: P = .027, and albumin: P = .012). However, 31% (N = 8/ 26) of the patients had worsening ascites with or without hydrothorax. The MELD score significantly improved circa 4 months post-BRTO (from 14.1 to 10.7, P = .0008). However, the C-P score did not change significantly (from 7.6 to 6.7, P = .063).

Conclusion:

The BRTO has a positive effect on the hepatic synthetic function. However, there is a high incidence of post-BRTO ascites (31% of the patients). As a result, the MELD score appears to be a more sensitive gauge for hepatic synthetic function compared to the C-P score for patients undergoing BRTO.
Patients with metal-on-metal articulation in trapeziometacarpal total joint arthroplasty may have elevated serum chrome and cobalt
Authors: Hansen T. B. , Dremstrup L. , Stilling M.
Published: May 2013

Serum chrome and cobalt was measured in 50 patients with trapeziometacarpal total joint replacement with metal-on-metal articulation and compared with serum chrome and cobalt values in 23 patients with trapeziometacarpal total joint replacement with metal-on-polyethylene articulation. In 10 of 50 (20%) patients with metal-on-metal articulation, slightly elevated serum chrome or cobalt values were found compared with only one in 23 (4%) patients with metal-on-polyethylene articulation. All metal values were lower than accepted ‘normal values’ for metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty and so considered not to be a general health risk. However, the mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score was 24 in patients with elevated serum chrome or cobalt compared with 10 in patients with normal metal values ( p < 0.05) suggesting a local clinical effect of the elevated serum chrome or cobalt values. We recommend that patients with trapeziometacarpal total joint replacement with metal-on-metal articulation are followed with DASH score and radiological examination every 3–5 years and serum chrome and cobalt should be analysed in symptomatic cases to learn more about possible local complications leading to, or arising from, metal debris.
Is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia effective in treating insomnia and pain in individuals with chronic non-malignant pain?
Authors: Bohra Miqdad H , Espie Colin A
Published: May 2013

Aim:

This paper systematically reviews clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and pain in patients with chronic non-malignant pain.

Method:

A systematic search of MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, EMBASE, CINHAL and Cochrane library and register of trials was conducted.

Results:

Essential components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia were included in all studies except for the cognitive restructuring component, which was not considered an intervention in one study. Interventions were provided by adequately trained clinicians. Significant within-group effect sizes (> 1) were observed in the intervention groups as compared with the control groups. Improvements were noted in sleep latency, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset times. Although improvements were noted in pain experienced by the participants, this was not a significant finding.

Conclusions:

These clinical trials demonstrate that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is effective as an intervention for insomnia in individuals suffering from chronic non-malignant pain. Although pain and disturbed sleep are linked, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia alone may not be an effective solution for addressing chronic non-malignant pain. Trials of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on a variety of chronic pain patients with disturbed sleep and with long-term follow-up are required to ascertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is an effective intervention to reduce pain and to add to increasing evidence that it is an effective intervention for insomnia in the chronic pain population.
Cultivating the Pedagogy of Experience Through International Field Trips
Authors: Yigitcanlar Tan
Published: May 2013

Urban and regional planners, in the era of globalization, require being equipped with necessary skill sets to better deal with complex and rapidly changing economic, sociocultural, political, and environmental fabrics of cities and their regions. To provide such skill sets, urban and regional planning curriculum of Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, offers planning practice in the international context. This article, first, reports the findings of pedagogic analyses of the international field trips conducted to Malaysia, Korea, Turkey, and Taiwan. The article, then, discusses the opportunities and constraints of exposure of students to planning practice beyond the Australian context.
Impact of Reproductive Laws on Maternal Mortality: The Chilean Natural Experiment
Authors: Koch Elard
Published: May 2013

Improving maternal health and decreasing morbidity and mortality due to induced abortion are key endeavors in developing countries. One of the most controversial subjects surrounding interventions to improve maternal health is the effect of abortion laws. Chile offers a natural laboratory to perform an investigation on the determinants influencing maternal health in a large parallel time-series of maternal deaths, analyzing health and socioeconomic indicators, and legislative policies including abortion banning in 1989. Interestingly, abortion restriction in Chile was not associated with an increase in overall maternal mortality or with abortion deaths and total number of abortions. Contrary to the notion proposing a negative impact of restrictive abortion laws on maternal health, the abortion mortality ratio did not increase after the abortion ban in Chile. Rather, it decreased over 96 percent, from 10.8 to 0.39 per 100,000 live births. Thus, the Chilean natural experiment provides for the first time, strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that legalization of abortion is unnecessary to improve maternal health in Latin America.
Mechanical property and microstructure of resistance spot welded twinning induced plasticity-dual phase steels joint
Authors: Rajinikanth V , Mukherjee K , Ghosh Chowdhury S , Schiebahn A , Harms A , Bleck W
Published: May 2013

The present paper deals with the joining of twinning induced plasticity and dual phase steels, carried out by spot welding process with two different pulse durations (200 and 380 ms), by keeping other parameters constant. The microstructural and elemental analysis of the joints was characterised by optical microscopy and electron probe microanalyser. The mechanical properties of the joint were understood from microhardness measurements across the fusion zone as well as through shear and cross-tensile tests. The pulse duration of 380 ms has resulted in good macrostructure with negligible shrinkage void. It also shows smooth transition in hardness across the twinning induced plasticity steel/nugget/dual phase steel interfaces and good mechanical properties as compared to the joint prepared by pulse duration of 200 ms. Larger pulse duration results in sufficient time for the diffusion of alloying elements and yields negligible void formation due to Kirkendall effect.
Feasibility study of resistance spot welding of dissimilar Al/Mg combinations with Ni based interlayers
Authors: Penner P , Liu L , Gerlich A , Zhou Y
Published: May 2013

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar aluminium–magnesium resistance spot welds made with gold coated and bare nickel interlayers are investigated. Welds were made with different welding currents in a range from 16 to 24 kA with a fixed welding time of five cycles. No joints were achieved with a bare nickel interlayer; after welding, specimens were separated without applying any force. Addition of gold coating on nickel surface greatly contributed to the metallurgical bonding at the interfaces and welds easily met requirements of AWS D17·2 standard. Average lap shear strength reached 90% of similar AZ-31B spot weld strength. Fusion nugget size, interfacial microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the welds were analysed.
Laser cladding of HA/Ti composite coating on NiTi alloy
Authors: Yang S. , Li W. H. , Man H. C.
Published: May 2013

To accelerate the bone growth around a metallic implant and to achieve the mechanical characteristics needed for biomedical applications, a hydroxyapatite/pure titanium (HA/Ti) composite coating was produced on NiTi alloy substrate by laser cladding. The experimental results showed that an excellent metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate was obtained. Owing to decomposition of HA under irradiation of high power laser, the microstructures of coating were mainly composed of CaO, CaTiO3, titanium phosphide and HA phases. In vitro experimental result demonstrated that HA/Ti composite coating made the bioactivity of NiTi alloy improved remarkably while restraining Ni ion from releasing.
SHPing in different directions in platelet production
Authors: Di Paola Jorge
Published: May 2013

In this issue of Blood, Mazharian and colleagues characterize Shp1 and Shp2 conditional knockout (KO) murine models, underscoring the role of these phosphatases not only on platelet function but also on megakaryocyte development and platelet counts and size.1
Integrative genomic analysis of CREB defines a critical role for transcription factor networks in mediating the fed/fasted switch in liver
Authors: Everett Logan J , Lay John Le , Lukovac Sabina , Bernstein Diana , Steger David J , Lazar Mitchell A , Kaestner Klaus H
Published: May 2013

Background

Metabolic homeostasis in mammals critically depends on the regulation of fasting-induced genes by CREB in the liver. Previous genome-wide analysis has shown that only a small percentage of CREB target genes are induced in response to fasting-associated signaling pathways. The precise molecular mechanisms by which CREB specifically targets these genes in response to alternating hormonal cues remain to be elucidated.

Results

We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing of CREB in livers from both fasted and re-fed mice. In order to quantitatively compare the extent of CREB-DNA interactions genome-wide between these two physiological conditions we developed a novel, robust analysis method, termed the ‘single sample independence’ (SSI) test that greatly reduced the number of false-positive peaks. We found that CREB remains constitutively bound to its target genes in the liver regardless of the metabolic state. Integration of the CREB cistrome with expression microarrays of fasted and re-fed mouse livers and ChIP-seq data for additional transcription factors revealed that the gene expression switches between the two metabolic states are associated with co-localization of additional transcription factors at CREB sites.

Conclusions

Our results support a model in which CREB is constitutively bound to thousands of target genes, and combinatorial interactions between DNA-binding factors are necessary to achieve the specific transcriptional response of the liver to fasting. Furthermore, our genome-wide analysis identifies thousands of novel CREB target genes in liver, and suggests a previously unknown role for CREB in regulating ER stress genes in response to nutrient influx.