bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Badanie wymowy w języku obcym – od teorii do praktyki
Authors: Waniek-Klimczak Ewa
Published: August 2020

Discussing different aims and methods of studying foreign language pronunciation, this article argues that it is the phonetic analysis of speech that offers the best tool for valid and reliable research. After a brief presentation of the articulatory, acoustic and auditory ways of conducting an analysis, the main aims for the pronunciation studies and the methods are discussed. In search for a link between theory and practice, a parametric acoustic study of non-native vowel production is proposed as an example of the application of speech analysis to the pedagogical context.
Problematyka nauczania umiejętności czytania w języku drugim/obcym w świetle najnowszych badań naukowych
Authors: Chodkiewicz Halina
Published: August 2020

The present paper aims to provide a selective overview of major issues pertaining to L2/FL reading instruction with special attention to new research findings in the field. The problems chosen to focus on are: fluency and speed of reading, reading/vocabulary connections, the impact of discourse organization on the effectiveness of reading and strategy instruction. It is shown that empirical investigations carried out in recent years have shed more light on the many variables contributing to the ultimate success in L2 reading development and complex interrelationships between them. The discussion throughout the paper is illustrated with brief reports on selected studies and the problem of research methodology in the area is also emphasized. Implications for classroom instruction requiring L2 learners’ participation in a variety of reading tasks are suggested.
Analiza dyskursu na lekcji języka obcego
Authors: Majer Jan
Published: August 2020

This paper outlines relevant issues in analyzing foreign language classroom communication patterns. Following a brief theoretical and historical background, it proceeds to discuss technical aspects of data collection and elaboration. Recording interaction between teachers and students is difficult but it later leads to an even more challenging task of transcribing talk. For this purpose, the article offers model instances of different traditions in compiling transcripts. However, the bulk of the present text is devoted to the exemplification of different applications of analysis of educational discourse. The samples, drawn from classroom interactions involving English, French and Polish as L2, illustrate topics such as corrective feedback, metatalk, the use of L1, and teacher questions. At the end, recommendations are given regarding further explorations and readings.
Słowo wstępne. Kształcenie językowe dorosłych – nowe doświadczenia i wyzwania dla nauczycieli i lektorów
Authors: Michońska-Stadnik Anna
Published: August 2020

Słowo wstępne. Kształcenie językowe dorosłych – nowe doświadczenia i wyzwania dla nauczycieli i lektorów
Audyt językowy w nauczaniu osób dorosłych
Authors: Smuk Maciej
Published: August 2020

Among the various means used for assessing the general language competences of adult learners, the audit is one of the most popular tools. Apart from its main purpose, which is the diagnosis of current language proficiency, during the audit the learner’s various needs might be as well analyzed. Additionally, we may use this tool to recognize the non-language competences such as: cognitive styles, dominant type of intelligence or learner’s beliefs, attitudes and habits. Thus, the interdisciplinary character of the audit allows, in an exquisite way, to optimize the content of the foreign language course for adults.
Strategie interakcyjne lektorów, z którymi dorośli chcą pracować
Authors: Strzałka Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

Knowing that there is a definite link between instructor – student interaction and students’ affect, as there is between affect and learning, the article pro-vides a look at the ways in which FL teachers address adult learners. Teaching adult learners in general constitutes a challenge since the group are especially sensitive to self image and easily get demotivated. Teacher’s behaviour, her attitude to the adult student and the atmosphere of learning are among the most important motivational factors for adults. The article is an attempt at presenting specific interactional strategies good teachers practice in order to motivate adults, offer them a sense of security and satisfy their face needs.
Techniki rozwijające wyższe poziomy przetwarzania tekstu w kształceniu sprawności czytania wśród dorosłych
Authors: Marzec-Stawiarska Małgorzata
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to reading skills development among adult students of English. It presents parameters of the techniques which, according to the contemporary theories of reading processes, should teach text com-prehension efficiently. The article also shows how to incorporate these techniques into a classroom setting and presents the results of the re-search in which students, who used these techniques in practice, ex-pressed their opinions about their motivational value and efficiency.
Interakcja w klasie językowej - metodologia badawcza
Authors: Targońska Joanna
Published: August 2020

The present article is devoted to the discussion of the methodology of research into interaction in the foreign language classroom. It discusses selected methods which can be employed to allow a complete and reliable monitoring of the varied interactions which can occur during foreign language lessons. The paper concludes with an attempt at formulating some general principles relating to researching classroom interaction.
Dialog interkulturowy na lekcji języka angielskiego w kontekście polskim
Authors: Sobkowiak Paweł
Published: August 2020

This article attempts to persuade the reader that in order to prepare our learners for using foreign languages (FL) efficiently in the global, multicultural world, FL pedagogy needs to reconsider its long-established goals of teaching and adopt a more openended, intercultural (IC), processoriented approach. Thus, the objective of language training, apart from the traditional work on the four skills, should be raising awareness of difference and diversity between representatives of various cultures and engaging learners in the process of decentering, acquiring desirable attitudes to otherness, fostering empathy, developing their ability to mediate, promoting tolerance, and benefiting rather than suffering from IC experi­ence. The dialogic approach, which will be discussed in the paper, seems to be tailormade to achieve this. In the empirical part of the article, the author reports the results of qualitative research which involved observations of English lessons in several high schools in Poznań, Poland. The study aimed at answering the questions whether and to what degree a homogeneous FL classroom in Poland is conducive to developing IC sensitivity and competence. The results demonstrate that IC dialogue plays a marginal role and teachers do not engage learners in discussion, analysis or reflection about the interrelationships between language, identity, culture and communication. If culture appears in the classroom, it is taught in a very traditional way, namely it is limited mostly to transferring declarative knowledge about various aspects of foreign culture/s.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji Polskiego Towarzystwa Neofilologicznego Dyskurs edukacyjny w klasie językowej — Kalisz 2011
Authors: Knieja Jolanta
Published: August 2020

Sprawozdanie z konferencji Polskiego Towarzystwa Neofilologicznego Dyskurs edukacyjny w klasie językowej — Kalisz 2011
Titanium dioxide metasurface manipulating high-efficiency and broadband photonic spin Hall effect in visible regime
Authors: Zhu Wei , Yang Ruisheng , Geng Guangzhou , Fan Yuancheng , Guo Xuyue , Li Peng , Fu Quanhong , Zhang Fuli , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie
Published: August 2020

The interactions of photonic spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum, i.e., the spin-orbit coupling in focused beams, evanescent waves or artificial photonic structures, have attracted intensive investigations for the unusual fundamental phenomena in physics and potential applications in optical and quantum systems. It is of fundamental importance to enhance performance of spin-orbit coupling in optics. Here, we demonstrate a titanium dioxide (TiO2)–based all-dielectric metasurface exhibiting a high efficient control of photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in a transmissive configuration. This metasurface can achieve high-efficiency symmetric spin-dependent trajectory propagation due to the spin-dependent Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The as-formed metadevices with high-aspect-ratio TiO2 nanofins are able to realize (86%, measured at 514 nm) and broadband PSHEs in visible regime. Our results provide useful insights on high-efficiency metasurfaces with versatile functionalities in visible regime.
Polymorphic gallium for active resonance tuning in photonic nanostructures: from bulk gallium to two-dimensional (2D) gallenene
Authors: Gutiérrez Yael , García-Fernández Pablo , Junquera Javier , Brown April S. , Moreno Fernando , Losurdo Maria
Published: August 2020

Reconfigurable plasmonics is driving an extensive quest for active materials that can support a controllable modulation of their optical properties for dynamically tunable plasmonic structures. Here, polymorphic gallium (Ga) is demonstrated to be a very promising candidate for adaptive plasmonics and reconfigurable photonics applications. The Ga sp-metal is widely known as a liquid metal at room temperature. In addition to the many other compelling attributes of nanostructured Ga, including minimal oxidation and biocompatibility, its six phases have varying degrees of metallic character, providing a wide gamut of electrical conductivity and optical behavior tunability. Here, the dielectric function of the several Ga phases is introduced and correlated with their respective electronic structures. The key conditions for optimal optical modulation and switching for each Ga phase are evaluated. Additionally, we provide a comparison of Ga with other more common phase-change materials, showing better performance of Ga at optical frequencies. Furthermore, we first report, to the best of our knowledge, the optical properties of liquid Ga in the terahertz (THz) range showing its broad plasmonic tunability from ultraviolet to visible-infrared and down to the THz regime. Finally, we provide both computational and experimental evidence of extension of Ga polymorphism to bidimensional two-dimensional (2D) gallenene, paving the way to new bidimensional reconfigurable plasmonic platforms.
Ergogenic Effects of Photobiomodulation on Performance in the 30-Second Wingate Test: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study
Authors: Molina Correa Julio C. , Padoin Susana , Varoni Pedro R. , Demarchi Michelli C. , Flores Lucinar J.F. , Nampo Fernando K. , de Paula Ramos Solange
Published: August 2020

Molina Correa, JC, Padoin, S, Varoni, PR, Demarchi, MC, Flores, LJ, Nampo, FK, and de Paula Ramos, S. Ergogenic effects of photobiomodulation on performance in the 30-second Wingate test: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1901–1908, 2022—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ergogenic effects of red light (630 nm) photobiomodulation on anaerobic capacity in the Wingate test. Sixteen healthy and physically active male volunteers (21.71 ± 2.49 years of age, body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The subjects performed 3 Wingate test sessions, with a 48-hour interval between tests. In the first session (baseline session, BS), a Wingate test was performed to evaluate the initial performance. Subjects were paired by performance in the BS and allocated through a draw to receive either the phototherapy (630 nm, 4.6 J/cm2, 6 J per point, 16 points, light-emitting diode [LED] session) or placebo intervention (PLA session) in the second test session. In the third test session, a crossover intervention was performed. The repeated-measures analysis of variance test, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test or Friedman test with Dunn's post hoc test (p < 0.05) and Cohen's d statistic were used for comparisons. The LED session with phototherapy promoted an increase in performance in peak power (p < 0.05), relative power (p < 0.05), RPMpeak (p < 0.05), and peak velocity (p < 0.05), as well as total displacement (p < 0.01) compared with PLA. The mean power (p < 0.05), relative power (p < 0.05), RPMmean (p < 0.01), and mean velocity (p < 0.01) were higher in the LED session than those of BS. We concluded that phototherapy improves performance in Wingate anaerobic exercise, possibly due to large effects on the anaerobic alactic metabolism.
Performance Evaluation of Modified Solar Still Using Aluminum Foil Sheet as Absorber Cover – A Comparative Study
Authors: El Hadi Attia Mohammed , Driss Zied , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Abdelgaied Mohamed , Manokar A. Muthu , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim
Published: August 2020

Solar desalination is one of the sustainable solutions to produce freshwater from brackish water. Unavailability of drinking water is a major socioeconomic problem in southeastern Algeria that affects a large population. In the face of the problem, local researchers are adopting solar distillation, which appears to be a suitable and inexpensive solution. Improving the productivity of a solar greenhouse still represents the subject of several studies around the world looking for ways to increase the yield of a solar still. The idea behind this paper is to use the aluminum foil sheet as the absorber cover to improve the productivity of a solar still. To obtain the influence of utilizing the aluminum foil sheet as the absorber cover on a yield of a solar still, the conventional still with the black absorber surface and modified solar still with the aluminum foil sheet as the absorber cover were compared at the same climate conditions. The experimental investigation was performed on different days. Experimental work shows that this technique has a negative effect on the productivity of the distiller, which is reduced by 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to the black absorber distiller. Therefore, it is not recommended to use an aluminum cover in regular solar distillation.
Elemental characterization of superficial waters contaminated by an abandoned sulfide-mining area, through neutron activation analysis
Authors: Canha N. , Freitas M. C. , Dionisio I. , Pacheco A. M. G. , Anawar H. M.
Published: August 2020

In this work, superficial waters of two small rivers flowing in the São Domingos' abandoned mining area were analyzed in order to infer on soil-water transfer of the elements determined. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for elemental concentration assessment. The following elements were found at the mg L−1 level: As, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Na and Zn. The dry-mass residues varied between 70 mg and 1 g in 20-mL volumes. High enrichment relative to soil was found for most elements. Good statistical associations between Br and Na, between Cr and Sc, and between Ce, Co, Fe, Yb, and Zn, were found, suggesting a similar mechanism of soil-water, elemental transfer. Both the superficial waters' composition and their elemental levels indicate a potential risk of contamination of the underground waters and an actual health risk for the resident populations.
Laser deposition of iron in oxygen atmosphere
Authors: Yamada Y. , Ito A. , Kuono K. , Yoshida H. , Kobayashi Y.
Published: August 2020

Iron oxide films were produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of 57Fe metal in an oxygen atmosphere and their compositions were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effects of gas-phase reactions were investigated by varying the pressure of O2 gas or an O2/Ar gas mixture. When PLD was performed in a high-pressure O2 atmosphere, the main product in the film was trivalent iron oxide particles. When the O2 pressure was reduced, hematite Fe2O3 became dominant in the film, while wüstite FeO was produced at very low O2 pressures. PLD in an O2/Ar gas mixture produced films of trivalent iron oxide particles and hematite solid, but wüstite was not produced. Increasing the substrate temperature during deposition induced annealing of the films, reducing the lattice defect density. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained to confirm the assignments, and the surface morphologies of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
New England food policy councils: An assessment of organizational structure, policy priorities and public participation
Authors: Porter Cathryn A. , Ashcraft Catherine M.
Published: August 2020

Food policy councils (FPCs) are an increasingly common mechanism to improve participation in food system decision-making. Including individuals from under-represented groups can foster greater understanding of their needs and experiences with food system barriers and is an important part of food justice. However, engaging under-represented groups in food systems decision-making remains challenging for FPCs. This paper presents the results from a survey of FPCs and networks in New England to: (1) identify FPC policy priorities, (2) characterize FPCs engaged in policy initiatives based on attributes which, based on the literature, may impact effective public participation: geographic scale, organization type, capacity, policy priorities, and membership, and (3) analyze methods for engaging the public in FPC policy initiatives and demographic groups and sectors engaged. Findings indicate only half of New England FPCs work on policy efforts. Many surveyed FPCs engage multiple food system sectors and under-represented groups through a combination of different public participation opportunities. However, results indicate that New England FPCs could benefit from a greater focus on engaging under-represented audiences. FPCs interested in engaging more diverse participants should commit to a focus on food justice, strive for representative membership through intentional recruitment, and offer multiple methods to engage the public throughout policy initiatives.
Black Religious Belief Systems and Political Participation
Authors: Philpot Tasha S. , McDaniel Eric
Published: August 2020

Political science research has shown that attending religious institutions promotes Blacks’ political participation by developing civic norms, skills, and networks. Fewer studies, however, examine what role religious beliefs play in promoting the political participation of African Americans. Inasmuch as religious beliefs are at the heart of what binds people to their religious institutions, it is also important to examine how variations in the way people conceptualize their religious duties affect their willingness to engage the political system. Thus, this article adds to the existing research by examining two religious belief systems prominent in Afro-Christianity: the Prosperity Gospel, which emphasizes individualism and divine favor; and the Social Gospel, which emphasizes working to achieve a just society. Using original survey data, the analyses find that the Social Gospel is associated with higher levels of political engagement and participation among Blacks, while the Prosperity Gospel is associated with lower levels.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling-based Design of a Membrane-free Liquid-liquid Microseparator
Authors: Strniša Filip , Žnidaršič-Plazl Polona , Plazl Igor
Published: August 2020

The benefits of continuous processing and the challenges related to the integration with efficient downstream units for end-to-end manufacturing have spurred the development of efficient miniaturized continuously-operated separators. Membrane-free microseparators with specifically positioned internal structures subjecting fluids to a capillary pressure gradient have been previously shown to enable efficient gas-liquid separation. Here we present initial studies on the model-based design of a liquid-liquid microseparator with pillars of various diameters between two plates. For the optimization of in silico separator performance, mesoscopic lattice-Boltzmann modeling was used. Simulation results at various conditions revealed the possibility to improve the separation of two liquids by changing the geometrical characteristics of the microseparator.
Improving Regional Fiscal Capacity in Central Java Province Indonesia
Authors: Oktavilia Shanty , Fafurida Fafurida , Rahman Yozi Aulia , Silvia Ririn Bella
Published: August 2020

This study discusses the development of fiscal capacity in Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze internal and external factors that increase regional fiscal capacity, and formulate strategies by analyzing internal and external elements to obtain four alternative strategies namely 'strength - opportunity' strategy, 'strength - threat' strategy, 'weakness - opportunity' strategy and Strategy for 'weaknesses - threats'. This study uses secondary data to analyze indicators of regional fiscal capacity and primary data collected through focused discussions, to analyze strategies. The results of the analysis indicate that there are several main strategies to increase regional fiscal in Central Java Province, namely the program of intensification and extensification of regional taxes; improving the quality of human resources with special competencies in the field of taxation; synergy and internal coordination between regional government institutions; improvement of the supervision system for taxpayers; realizing clear and legal regional regulations, simplifying the mechanism for managing investment licenses in Central Java and optimizing regional revenues through modernizing the collection of taxes and levies by utilizing technology. Modernization of increasing regional fiscal capacity will encourage the achievement of equitable regional revenue, increase public participation, administrative efficiency, consistent law enforcement, and improve the level of public confidence in the implementation of good governance.
Nature of Indonesia’s Deindustrialization
Authors: Islami Muhammad Irfan , Hastiadi Fithra Faisal
Published: August 2020

This research aims to identify the nature of deindustrialisation on Indonesia’s economy. To test the negative deindustrialisation, this research performed a descriptive analysis on value-added, export-import, and productivity data of manufacturing sector. To test the premature deindustrialisation, this research conducted a regression analysis to create a simulation of value of GDRP per capita at the top of industrialization taken place on Indonesia’s economy. Descriptive analysis shows that deindustrialization in Indonesia prevails with downward trend of value-added, trade performance, and productivity of manufacturing sector. Subsector analysis also shows that manufacturing subsectors having high value added experienced negative trend in all mentioned indicators. The result of premature deindustrialization model regression shows that the peak of industrialization in Indonesia achieved at lower level income per capita compared to several thresholds of premature deindustrialization. Those results show that negative and premature deindustrialisation prevailed in Indonesia’s economy.  The consequence of these research’s results is to promote the politics of reindustrialization. There are several recommendations for policy makers to enhance performance of manufacturing sector. From demand-side, it is important to expand market of manufacturing product internationally and domestically. From supply side, the policy makers should increase the investments and insentives for businesses.
La impronta de Pozzo en el retablo quiteño: entre el corporativismo jesuita y la renovación dieciochesca
Authors: Contreras-Guerrero Adrián , Ortiz Crespo Alfonso
Published: August 2020

El tratado de Andrea Pozzo, Perspectiva Pictorum Architectorum (Roma, 1693-1700), se difundió ampliamente por España y sus dominios de ultramar siendo sus láminas replicadas hasta la saciedad. En este sentido, uno de sus más exitosos diseños fue el retablo de San Luis Gonzaga para la iglesia de San Ignacio de Roma, cuyas resonancias encontramos en altares de Lima, Bogotá, Popayán o Salvador de Bahía asociados a la actividad corporativa de los jesuitas. En Quito, la aparición del modelo tuvo lugar en el crucero de la iglesia de la Compañía donde, además, se fusionó con otro diseño pozzesco de ornamentación mural. El conjunto fue muy aplaudido en la ciudad y enseguida otros templos acogieron con entusiasmo los postulados estéticos de Pozzo ya que suponían un claro revulsivo estilístico con respecto a la tradición anterior.
Importancia de la certificación de calidad en la decisión de compra de productos agroalimentarios artesanales
Authors: Araya-Pizarro Sebastián Cristóbal , Araya Pizarro Camilo Romelio
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo analiza la importancia relativa de la certificación de calidad en las preferencias de consumo por productos agroalimentarios de tipo artesanal. Mediante el uso del mé­todo multivariante de análisis conjunto aplicado sobre una muestra de 398 sujetos de la Región de Coquimbo (Chile) se contrasta el peso relativo de la certificación con respecto a otros tres atributos definidos, en base a revisión documental y focus group, como determinantes en las preferencias del consumidor (precio, envase y origen). Los resultados muestran que la importancia relativa de cada atributo es, en orden descendente: precio (37,3%), certificación (27,3%), envase (20,7%) y origen (14,7%). Además, el producto agroalimentario predilecto es uno de precio económico, certificado, con un diseño de envase rústico y de origen local. De lo anterior se concluye que la certificación de calidad es un atributo clave para el consumidor de productos agroalimentarios y, por tanto, motivo para que los oferentes locales configuren estrategias de certificación de sus producciones.
Determinação espectrofotométrica de Cobre(II) em aguardente de mandioca (Tiquira)
Authors: Santos de Oliveira Rayone Wesly , Barros Gomes Paulo Roberto , Diniz Ribeiro Joelkson , Batista Reis Jonas , Alves Fontenele Maria , Oliveira Everton Gustavo , Da Silva Lyra Wellington , Costa Louzeiro Hilton , Do Livramento de Paula Maria , Mouchrek Filho Victor Elias
Published: August 2020

A pesquisa descreve a reação espectrofotométrica do complexo Cu(II)–PAN (1-(2-piridilazo)-2-naftol) e determina a concentração de cobre (II) em aguardente de mandioca (tiquira). Para isso, dimensionamos a reação para os estudos de absorção do complexo, pH, estabilidade, proporção estequiométrica, interferentes, correlação e recuperação. Após essa etapa, determinamos a concentração de cobre(II) em cinco amostras de bebidas destiladas artesanalmente de cinco municípios do Estado do Maranhão. O resultados mostram que o complexo absorve em 548 nm em pH 6, é estável em um tempo de 7 horas em proporções estequiométrica mínima de 1:1 do ligante e metal, possui limite de detecção em 3,3 ´ 10–2 mg L–1, faixa de linearidade de 1 ´ 10–6 a 1 ´ 10–5 mol L-1, correlação (R2= 0,9990), desvio padrão=0,0035 e recuperação em 104,54 ± 7,01 e os principais íons interferentes são o ferro (III) e o cobalto (II). Na aguardente, constatamos que o teor de cobre está acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira.
Study of the antifungal activity of ibuprofen and its association with amphotericin B or ketoconazole against Candida spp.
Authors: Silva Sousa Paula Mariane , Rodrigues Nóbrega Jefferson , Vilar Cordeiro Laísa , De Andrade Júnio Francisco Patricio , Araújo de Oliveira Wylly
Published: August 2020

The objective was evaluating the antifungal activity of ibuprofen alone and when associated with amphotericin B or ketoconazole against Candida species. Strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method and the association study performed through the checkerboard assay. The concentration of 512 µg/mL inhibited approximately 65% of the tested strains, while against 35% of the strains presented MIC values above 2048 µg/mL. Associations of ibuprofen with amphotericin B against C. tropicalis and ibuprofen with ketoconazole against C. krusei showed synergistic effect. Antagonistic effects were evidenced in the combination of ibuprofen with amphotericin B against C. guilliermondii and C. albicans, as well as in the association of ibuprofen with ketoconazole against C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Through the experiments, it was found that ibuprofen showed antifungal activity against most of the Candida species tested. The combinations of ibuprofen and antifungals had synergistic effects. However, antagonistic results were evidenced in the association with ibuprofen, which would make clinical applicability difficult. Therefore, studies of this combined activity should be investigated, considering that this association may be positive for antifungal therapy.
Talinum paniculatum: a plant with antifungal potential mitigates fluconazole-induced oxidative damage-mediated growth inhibition of Candida albicans
Authors: Cerdeira Cláudio Daniel , Da Silva Jeferson J. , R. Netto Manoel F. , G. Boriollo Marcelo F. , I. Moraes Gabriel O. , Santos Gérsika B. , C. dos Reis Luis F. , P. L. Brigagão Maísa R.
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study investigated the bioactivity of the crude leaf extract (CLE) and fractions hexane (HX) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) from Talinum paniculatum alone and in association with fluconazole (FLC) against reference strain and clinical isolates of FLC-resistant Candida albicans. Furthermore, the antioxidant capability, chemical composition of this plant, and the effect’s underlying mechanisms were evaluated. Methods: The antifungal activity was evaluated using checkerboard assay to establish the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMC). During FLC and plant products challenges, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (hydroxyl radicals [HO•]) were detected in C. albicans cells using the membrane-permeable fluorescent probes APF and HPF. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile, quantitative analysis of antioxidant compounds, and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay) tests were performed. Results: The CLE and fractions presented outstanding antifungal activity and selectivity against C. albicans cells but had no synergistic effects with FLC. The MIC values for CLE and its fractions against C. albicans reference strain were in the order of HX (31.25 μg ml–1) < EtOAc (62.5 μg ml–1) < CLE (500 μg ml–1), and against FLC-resistant C. albicans HX (125 μg ml–1) = EtOAc < CLE (500 μg ml–1). CLE and its fractions had more potent antifungal activities than FLC against the clinical isolates. Moreover, fungicidal effects for these plant products were demonstrated against FLC-resistant C. albicans, which further confirmed an antifungal potential. Conversely, during association, plant products were shown to cause an increase in FLC MIC anywhere from 2- to 16-fold. FLC exposure led to an increase in the steady-state levels of ROS (HO•) in C. albicans cells. Next, we found that the increases in FLC MICs were owing to action of antioxidants containing-CLE and its fractions in preventing FLC-induced ROS-mediated growth inhibition of C. albicans. Conclusion: T. paniculatum can be a source of bioactive compounds with antifungal potential. However, because of the common use of its edible leaf, caution is advised during therapy with FLC (since it can decrease FLC susceptibility).
Convergence Theorems in Multinomial Saturated and Logistic Models
Authors: Orozco-Acosta Erick , LLinás-Solano Humberto , Fonseca-Rodríguez Javier
Published: August 2020

In  this  paper,  we  develop  a  theoretical study about the  logistic  and saturated multinomial models when the response  variable takes  one of R ≥ 2 levels.  Several  theorems on the  existence  and  calculations of the  maximum likelihood  (ML)  estimates of the  parameters of both  models  are  presented and  demonstrated. Furthermore, properties are identiﬁed and,  based  on an asymptotic  theory,  convergence theorems are  tested for  score  vectors  and information matrices of both  models.  Finally, an application of this  theory is presented and  assessed  using data from the  R statistical program.
PLS Generalized Linear Regression and Kernel Multilogit Algorithm (KMA) for Microarray Data Classiﬁcation Problem
Authors: Wagala Adolphus , González-Farías Graciela , Ramos Rogelio , Dalmau Oscar
Published: August 2020

This study involves the implentation of the extensions of the partial least squares generalized linear regression (PLSGLR) by combining  it with logistic regression and  linear  discriminant analysis,  to  get a  partial least  squares generalized linear  regression-logistic regression model (PLSGLR-log),  and a partial least squares generalized linear regression-linear discriminant analysis model (PLSGLRDA). A comparative  study  of  the obtained  classiﬁers with   the   classical  methodologies like  the k-nearest  neighbours (KNN), linear   discriminant  analysis  (LDA),   partial  least  squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA),  ridge  partial least squares (RPLS), and  support vector machines(SVM)  is  then  carried  out.    Furthermore,  a  new  methodology known as kernel multilogit algorithm (KMA) is also implemented and its performance compared with those of the other classiﬁers. The KMA emerged as the best classiﬁer based  on the lowest  classiﬁcation error  rates  compared to  the  others  when  applied   to  the  types   of data   are considered;  the  un- preprocessed and preprocessed.
An Optimal Design Criterion for Within-Individual Covariance Matrices Discrimination and Parameter Estimation in Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models
Authors: López-Ríos Victor Ignacio , Castañeda-López María Eugenia
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider the problem of nding optimal populationdesigns for within-individual covariance matrices discrimination andparameter estimation in nonlinear mixed eects models. A compound optimality criterion is provided, which combines an estimation criterion and a discrimination criterion. We used the D-optimality criterion for parameter estimation, which maximizes the determinant of the Fisher information matrix. For discrimination, we propose a generalization of the T-optimality criterion for xed-eects models. Equivalence theorems are provided for these criteria. We illustrated the application of compound criteria with an example in a pharmacokinetic experiment.
Recomendaciones de la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño para el ejercicio de la medicina del sueño en Colombia durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Zabala-Parra Sandra Irene , Venegas Marco , Amado-Galeano Yhon Steve , Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Restrepo-Gualteros Sonia María , Tavera-Saldaña Lina Marcela , Bazurto-Zapata Maria Angélica , Echeverry-Chabur Jorge
Published: August 2020

El lavado de manos frecuente, el uso obligatorio de mascarilla por parte de la población general en sitios públicos, el distanciamiento físico y social, y el confinamiento obligatorio de la mayoría de la población en sus casas son las medidas que hasta el momento han ayudado a frenar la propagación del nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la actual pandemia por COVID-19. Sin embargo, la adopción de algunas de estas medidas ha generado retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades, incluyendo los trastornos del sueño, por lo que es urgente que los especialistas en medicina del sueño y los centros de sueño retomen sus actividades gradualmente, siempre que se implementen estrictos protocolos de bioseguridad que mitiguen el riesgo de contagio.En este contexto, y con el fin de ayudar a los somnólogos a reabrir los centros de sueño y reanudar los procedimientos allí realizados, la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina del Sueño propone en la presente reflexión una serie de recomendaciones para tener en cuenta durante el proceso de reactivación. Estas recomendaciones se basan en las estrategias de mitigación establecidas por las autoridades sanitarias del país, las directrices de la American Academy of Sleep Medicine, y la literatura disponible sobre el tema, la cual fue revisada luego de realizar una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Google Scholar usando los términos “sleep” “sleep medicine” y “COVID19”.
Reflexões sobre leitura e ensino no Brasil em tempos de pós-verdade
Authors: Coutinho Ilmara Valois B. F.
Published: August 2020

O presente texto busca realizar uma reflexão acerca da leitura, considerando-a no bojo de uma contemporaneidade representada por incertezas, por alterações vertiginosas na produção, circulação e consumo de informações e conhecimentos, o que coloca a formação leitora à frente de um grande desafio. Em tempos de pós-verdade, com perseguições, interdições, precarização do trabalho dos profissionais e das estruturas físicas das instituições públicas em todos os níveis da educação do País, a escola é um importante flanco de resistência, ao preparar crianças e jovens para lidarem criticamente com as textualidades vertiginosas apresentadas cotidianamente e que, não raro, disseminam discursos intolerantes que podem ser consumidos com a mesma velocidade com que circulam nas redes sociais. Nessa perspectiva, defende-se, no presente texto, o ensino da leitura como ato político que pode gerar pensamento crítico frente às contradições sociais, oportunizando que as novas gerações circulem com maior facilidade no expandido campo das linguagens entrecruzadas da contemporaneidade, inclusive aquelas provenientes das tecnologias digitais.
CORRÊA, Sergio; ANDREAZZA, Tiaraju; MACIEL, Everton (org.). Política Prática. Macapá: Universidade Federal do Amapá, 2020
Authors: Delupi Baal
Published: August 2020

Corrêa, Sergio; Andreazza, Tiaraju; Maciel, Everton (org.). Política Prática. Macapá: Universidade Federal do Amapá, 2020
Discursos (in)tolerantes e democracia pluralista
Authors: López-Muñoz Juan Manuel , Di Fanti Maria da Glória Corrêa , Covatti Malcorra Bárbara Luzia
Published: August 2020

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Aile hekimliğine başvuran bireylerde tip 2 diyabet risk düzeyinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Kulak Ercan , Berber Berrin , Temel Hasan , Kutluay Sena Nur , Yıldırım Murathan , Dedeoğlu Fatıma Nilay , Çifçili Serap , Save Dilşat
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus (T2DM), dünya çapında önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan kronik metabolik bir hastalıktır. Uzun yıllar boyunca asemptomatik olabilir ve ilerleyicidir. Buna bağlı olarak kronik komplikasyonların görülme riski ve hastalık yükü artmaktadır. Bu çalışma aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran bireylerin diyabet risk düzeyini belirlemek, yüksek riskli olanları tanı ve müdahale için yönlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma herhangi bir nedenle aile hekimliği polikliniklerine başvuran 171 kişinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş olan anket formu yüz yüze uygulanmış; boy, kilo ve bel çevresi ölçümü yapılmıştır. Anket formu katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, hastalık ve sağlık alışkanlıkları ile ilgili sorular yanı sıra Finlandiya Diyabet Risk Anketi’ni (FINDRISK) içermekteydi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p˂0,05 olarak alınmıştır.Bulgular: Katılımcıların %61.4’ü kadın, yaş ortancası (25.p75.p); 41 (33-52) olup; beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ortancası 26,42 (23,83-31,14) kg/m2 ’dir. Kadınların bel çevresi ortalaması 90,63±14,69 (ort±ss) cm olup; erkeklerin ise 99,53±12,81 cm’dir. Tüm katılımcıların FINDRISK puan ortancası 10 (6-13) iken kadınların 11 (6-13) olup erkeklerin ise 8 (5-13)’dir. FINDRISK’e göre katılımcıların %19.3’ü yüksek-çok yüksek, %22.2’si orta, %58.5’i hafif-düşük diyabet risk düzeyinde yer almaktadır. FINDRISK puanı ile yaş, BKİ ve bel çevresi arasında pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak ileri düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Aile hekimleri başta olmak üzere erişkin nüfusa hizmet veren klinisyenlerin günlük pratiklerinde kendilerine herhangi bir nedenle başvuran hastaları diyabet açısından taramaları önem arz etmektedir. FINDRISK bu amaçla kullanılabilir; hızlı ve kolay uygulanabilir olması yanı sıra basit, ucuz ve anlaşılır bir tarama yöntemidir.
Aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran bir B12 eksikliği vakası
Authors: Şahan Tuğba Yazan , Mergen Berna Erdoğmuş , Öngel Kurtuluş
Published: August 2020

B12 Vitamini eksikliği önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Bu çalışma ile B12 vitamini eksikliği ve ayırıcı tanısını bir olgu ile değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’nimize başvuran 69 yaşında erkek hastanın, 4-5 aydır aşırı halsizlik, kilo kaybı, gözlerde sararma, denge bozukluğu şikayetleri vardı. Emekli, yalnız yaşayan hasta; alkol ve sigara kullanımı bildirmedi. Bilinen kronik hastalık öyküsü yoktu. Fizik muayenede; hasta kaşektikti. Skleralar ikterik, karaciğer kot altında 2 cm palpapl, akciğerlerde yer yer ronküsler saptandı. Hastanın kan tetkiklerinde pansitopenisi ve ortalama eritrosit hacmi (OEH) yüksekliği vardı. Hastanın batın ultrasonografi ile direk coombs testi normaldi. Hastaya acil kan transfüzyonu yapıldı ve 1000 mcg siyanokobalamin ve 5 mg folik asit tedavisi başlandı. Hastanın 65 yaş üstü olması ve yalnız yaşama öyküsü vermesi, beslenme yönünden değerlendirildiğinde, B12 vitamini eksikliği tanısına götürdü. Olgu sık rastlanılan toplum sağlığı sorunlarından biri olan B12 vitamini eksikliğinin tanıtıcı ve öğretici bir örneği olduğu için sunulmuştur.
Aile hekimlerinin güneşten korunma davranışları ve deri kanserine yönelik koruyucu hekimlik uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Oğrum Atiye , Oktay Gülseren
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Deri kanserine yönelik koruyucu hekimlik uygulamalarında, aile hekimlerinin rolü önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, aile hekimlerinin güneşten korunma davranışları ve deri kanserine yönelik koruyucu hekimlik uygulamalarını değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Bu anket çalışması, Kasım 2018-Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında, Tokat ilindeki 91 aile hekimi ile yapıldı. Aile hekimlerinin güneşten korunmaya yönelik davranışları ve deri kanserine yönelik koruyucu hekimlik çalışmalarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlayan soruları içeren anketi doldurmaları istendi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 32’si (%35,2) kadın, 59’u (%64,8) erkek olmak üzere, 91 aile hekimi katıldı. Katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları 40,31±8,77 yıl, ortalama hekimlik süreleri 15,02±8,33 yıldı. Hekimlerin %74,7’i açık tenli olup, %45,1’inin (n=41) en az bir kez güneş yanığı hikayesi mevcuttu. Her mevsim ve düzenli güneşten koruyucu krem kullanma oranı %15,4 (n=14) idi. Güneşten korunmak için en sık tercih edilen metodlar sırasıyla, güneşten koruyucu krem (%68,1), güneş gözlüğü (%60,4) ve yoğun güneşten kaçınma (%57,1) idi. Kadın hekimlerin güneşten koruyucu krem kullanma oranı erkeklere kıyasla anlamlı oranda yüksekken (p=0,014); güneşten koruyucu krem kullanımı ile medeni durum, ten rengi, güneş yanığı hikayesi arasında anlamlı ilişki yoktu (p>0,05). Güneşten koruyucu krem kullanımındaki öncelikli neden, kadınlarda kozmetik sebepler iken; erkeklerde güneş yanığından korunmaktı. Öncelikli nedeni deri kanserinden korunmak olanların oranı %11 idi. Deri kanserine yönelik nevüs takibi yapan hekim oranı %82,4 olup, ailede deri kanseri hikayesi ile nevüs takibi arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). Hekimlerin %65,9’u (n=60) hastalara deri kanserinin önlenmesine yönelik güneşten koruyucu krem önerdiğini bildirmekle beraber, deri kanseri risk faktörü taşıyan bireylere güneşten koruyucu krem önerme oranı oldukça düşüktü. Güneşten koruyucu krem önerisi almak amacıyla hasta başvurusu aldığını ifade edenlerin oranı ise %59,3 (n=54) idi. Güneşten koruyucu krem kullanan hekimlerin benlerini takip etme ve hastalara güneşten koruyucu krem önerme oranı, kullanmayanlara kıyasla anlamlı oranda yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,021; p=0,015).Sonuç: Aile hekimlerinin güneşten korunma metodlarını uygulama düzeyleri ve deri kanserine yönelik koruyucu hekimlik uygulamaları yetersizdi. Aile hekimlerinin güneşten korunma, deri kanserini önleme ve erken tanısına yönelik bilgi düzeyini iyileştirecek çalışmalar faydalı olabilir.
Benign pigmente bir lezyon: Siyah kıllı dil olgusu
Authors: Yüzbaşıoğlu Merve , Karagözlü Gizem
Published: August 2020

Siyah kıllı dil benign, genellikle kendini sınırlayan ve asemptomik olan, dilin dorsumundaki filiform papillaların hipertrofisi ile karakterizedir. Toplumda sık görülmesine rağmen nadir tanı alan bir durumdur. Siyah renk haricinde sarı, kahverengi, yeşil, mavi renklerde de görülebilen bir bulgudur. Etiyolojisinde düşük oral hijyen, sigara, alkol, çay, kahve tüketimi ve bazı ilaçlar suçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, polikliniğimize klaritromisin kullanımı sonrası yangısı artan siyah kıllı dil olgusu sunulmuştur. Tedavi olarak sadece oral hijyen iyileştirilmesiyle iki hafta içinde dildeki siyahlaşmalarda gerileme gözlemlenmiştir.
Kocaeli Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin mediko-sosyal merkezi hakkındaki bilgi ve memnuniyet düzeyleri
Authors: Sarı Eda Bıyıklı , öztaş şükür Nur Ece , Karaçoban Tuba , Alvur Tuncay Müge
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bir üniversite hastanesinin mediko-sosyal merkezi polikliniğine başvuran öğrencilerin mediko-sosyal merkezini kullanım oranlarının, memnuniyet düzeylerinin ve mediko-sosyal merkezinin yeterliliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikte olan bu araştırma, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı tarafından poliklinik hizmetinin verildiği, üniversite mediko-sosyal merkezine başvuran öğrencilerin katılımıyla yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama formu, katılımcılara yüzyüze görüşme şeklinde uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmaya 351 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 21,8±2,54’tür. Katılımcıların %47,3’ü (n=166) kadın, %52,7’si (n=185) erkektir. Katılımcıların %4,9’unun sosyal güvencesi yokken, %15,2’si ise sosyal güvencesinin ne olduğunu bilmemektedir.Sonuç: Katılımcıların çoğunluğu mediko-sosyal merkezinin 3. basamağa bağlı aile hekimliği polikliniği olarak hizmet verdiğini ve bu durumun sağlık giderleri açısından fark yarattığını bilmemektedir. Mediko-sosyal merkezi aile hekimliği polikliniğinden memnuniyet oranı %72,6’dır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrenciler mediko-sosyal merkezi bünyesinde laboratuvar hizmeti olmamasını merkezin eksik yönlerinin başında belirtmişlerdir (%60,1).
EVALUATION OF CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN BULGARIA AND GUIDELINES FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Miteva A. , Petrov H.
Published: August 2020

Corporate environmental responsibility has a positive impact on the efficiency and competitiveness of companies. The purpose of the report is to present the assessment of the implementation of corporate environmental responsibility in Evromaster Ltd and on this basis to propose guidelines and recommendations for its improvement.
Administrative services in Municipalities – current status and perspectives
Authors: Kirilova K.
Published: August 2020

Purpose. One of the major challenges facing local administration is the extension of the electronic services provided. This requires reengineering of existing processes as well as applying methodologies and technological tools to develop e-Government. The main objective of the present study is based on a survey to reveal the problems and opportunities for the municipalities to expand the process electronization and the development of the provided services. Methods. To achieve this goal, different methods are used, such as the basic method of an empirical survey among a sample of municipalities. Results. The results obtained are in the direction of studying the characteristics of the ongoing municipal processes and the search for opportunities for their electronization. Conclusions. The analytical part of the study is directed towards the formulation of basic conclusions and the search for development opportunities.