bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of sodium hydroxide and acetone pretreatments on the adhesion of three-dimensional printed polylactic acid filaments on linen and polyester fabrics
Authors: Liu Jing , Jiang Shouxiang
Published: August 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing on textile substrates is regarded as one of the most efficient methods to bond rigid polymers and soft fabrics to impart novel physical properties and extend the functionality of 3D printed objects. Although the feasibility and potential of such applications have been demonstrated, problems arise during the printing process due to the poor adhesion between the interface of the two materials. This means that usually some sort of pretreatment and/or post treatment needs to be done on the fabric, which is the focus of this paper. This study examines the effects of using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetone (C3H6O) as pretreatments to enhance the adhesion between printed polylactic acid (PLA) polymer and woven linen/polyester fabric samples. The results indicate that both NaOH and C3H6O can significantly enhance the adhesive force by 49.7% and 10.2% for the linen substrate and by 95% and 17.1% for the polyester substrate, respectively. As such, this paper reports on an effective approach to enhance the adhesion of 3D printed PLA on woven linen and polyester fabrics as well as providing more options for designing on fabric surfaces.
Fabric wrinkle rating model based on ResNet18 and optimized random vector functional-link network
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Ma Zijian , Wang Yaming , Zhu Zefei
Published: August 2022

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the objective evaluation of the fabric wrinkle model, the R18-COTSA-RVFL model is proposed in this paper. The fabric wrinkle rating model is based on the combination of ResNet18 (R18) and the enhanced random vector functional-link network, in which the enhanced random vector functional-link network replaces the Softmax layer of ResNet18. This model uses ResNet18 (R18) to extract features from wrinkled images. In addition, a random vector functional-link network model improved by the tunicate swarm algorithm was proposed for wrinkle-level classification. First, we used chaotic-logistic maps and opposition-based learning to optimize the initial population of the tunicate swarm algorithm. The proposed search agent fragment mapping method enables the tunicate swarm algorithm simultaneously to optimize the hidden layer node parameters and bias, input layer weight, and activation function of the random vector functional-link network, thus avoiding the inaccurate classification result caused by random parameter selection in the random vector functional-link network. From comparative experiments, the proposed R18-COTSA-RVFL has the highest average classification accuracy and stability.
The Role of Communication in Redressing Health Disparities: Mobilizing Public Support and Action
Authors: Lee Chul-joo , Bigman Cabral A. , Choi Sukyoung , Zhao Xiaoquan
Published: August 2022

This study examines whether and how exposure to information about health disparities from mediated and interpersonal sources and political trust are jointly associated with policy support and political advocacy. Using a two-wave panel survey design with a national U.S. sample, we found that political trust moderated the association between exposure to health-disparities information from interpersonal sources and policy support. Specifically, a negative relationship between exposure from interpersonal sources and policy support was observed among respondents with a lower than average level of political trust. In contrast, respondents with a higher than average level of political trust showed a positive association between exposure from interpersonal sources and policy support. Among respondents with average level of political trust, the relationship between exposure from interpersonal sources and policy support was generally flat. In addition, exposure to health-disparities information from media sources was positively related to political advocacy after controlling for possible confounders.
Exiting the Revolution: Alternative Ways of Life in Beijing, 1966–1976
Authors: Shi Yifan
Published: August 2022

During the Cultural Revolution, many young people in Beijing exited the revolution by engaging in alternative ways of life. Echoing the fledgling tendency of reassessing the underlying meaning of youth subcultures in the Eastern Bloc, this article discusses the diverse mentalities behind these alternative lifestyles and challenges the traditional wisdom that regards youth subcultures as an easy form of everyday resistance to the regime. It also challenges the traditional landscape of Cultural Revolution literature that mainly focuses on youth activism as a means of mass participation. Young people could make political but not subversive choices by exiting the revolution. While some people exited simply to entertain and socialize, others exited to obtain a better political position during the Cultural Revolution, and others to pursue a meaningful way of life influenced by orthodox ideology. Exiting the revolution was not an easy option as well and, on many occasions, the ability to live alternatively reflected certain young people’s privileged access to resources that others could not access in the People’s Republic of China.
Finite time adaptive neural tracking control for non-strict-feedback uncertain non-linear systems with disturbance and input delay
Authors: Zhai Junchang , Wang Huanqing , Tao Jiaqing , He Zuowei
Published: August 2022

In this paper, based on neural networks (NNs), we consider finite time adaptive tracking control scheme for non-strict-feedback uncertain non-linear systems with time-variant external disturbance and input delay. A novel auxiliary system has been introduced to degrade the design difficulty caused by input delay. For the unknown non-linear functions and uncertainties in each step, radial basis function NNs are introduced to approximate them such that the control objective can be obtained. Furthermore, based on the idea of backstepping technique, an effective finite time adaptive neural tracking controller has been obtained in the presence of finite time Lyapunov theory, and the singularity problem that may occur in the design process has been overcome using the piecewise functions method. Using the Lyapunov stability theorem, which shows that all the signals of the closed-loop systems are finite time bounded, and the tracking error fluctuates around the origin. Consequently, the proposed scheme not only solves the tracking problem of non-strict-feedback systems with input delay but also realizes the finite time stability performance constraint. Finally, the simulations of two examples show the superiority of the proposed scheme.
A hybrid Aquila optimizer and its K-means clustering optimization
Authors: Huang Cheng , Huang Jinglin , Jia Youquan , Xu Jiazhong
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the defects of the Aquila optimizer (AO) in dealing with some complex optimization problems, such as slow convergence speed, low convergence accuracy, and easy to fall into local optimum, in this paper, a hybrid Aquila optimizer (HAO) algorithm based on Gauss map and crisscross operator is proposed. First, Gauss map is introduced to initialize the Aquila population to improve the quality of the initial population. Then use the crisscross operator to promote the exchange of information within the population and maintain the diversity of the population in each iteration, which not only enhances the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum but also accelerates the global convergence of the algorithm. The results of experiments using 21 classical benchmark functions indicate that HAO has better global search ability, faster convergence speed, and better stability than AO. The overall optimization performance of HAO in different dimensions is better than particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and crisscross optimization (CSO) algorithm. Finally, the results of K-means clustering optimization on six University of California (UCI) standard data sets demonstrate that HAO has significant advantages over three algorithms that are good at clustering optimization.
Incremental adaptive optimal control for nonlinear systems with disturbance and input time-delay
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Ji Kun , Zhang Han
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a model-free incremental adaptive optimal control scheme is proposed for nonlinear systems in presence of disturbance and input time-delay. The linear time-varying approximate model of the nonlinear system is obtained by incremental method, in which the relevant matrix parameters are identified by recursive least squares (RLS) estimation. A time-delay matrix function is constructed by neural network (NN) to eliminate the input time-delay, and the external disturbance of nonlinear system is dealt with by [Formula: see text] optimal control; incremental adaptive dynamic programming (IADP) algorithm is used to get the control law by solving Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation. Convergence analysis of the proposed control scheme is provided. Simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Rekindling New Economic Geography in Times of COVID-19: Labor Mobility Responses to Health Shocks in Central and North America
Authors: Cristóbal Campoamor Adolfo , Rodríguez-Crespo Ernesto
Published: August 2022

This paper evaluates the potential responses of international labor mobility to the recent COVID-19 health shocks, using a New Economic Geography model inspired by recent events in Central and North America. The model suggests that the restraining impact of COVID-19 on migratory flows may retain potential emigrants in Mexico and Central America, enlarge the home market in the region, attract foreign and local businesses, and increase real wages. Moreover, this prediction unveils opportunities for the future from the opening of new, regular migratory pathways between Central America and Mexico. These would concentrate population and industry in Mexico, raise the market potential in the area and boost real wages in Mexico – and possibly in Central America as well – despite the partial deindustrialization of the Central American hinterland.
Flourishing Aims of Art Museums: A Survey of Art Museum Professionals
Authors: Cotter Katherine N. , Crone Damien L. , Pawelski James O.
Published: August 2022

People visit art museums for many reasons—to see something beautiful or famous, to learn more about art, or to experience a sense of awe. Recently, there has been increased interest in how art museum engagement can promote flourishing. Little is known, however, about how the professionals shaping these art museum experiences (e.g., curators, educators, front of house staff) view art museums as institutions that can promote flourishing outcomes. In the present research, we examined the perceptions of 208 art museum professionals regarding the functions of art museums and their ability to impact both well-being (e.g., empathy, self-acceptance) and ill-being (e.g., anxiety, loneliness) factors. The findings suggest that art museum professionals feel that the well-being of visitors should be emphasized as a goal more strongly than it currently is, and that there are some well-being and ill-being components (e.g., empathy, helping, closed-mindedness) that should receive greater attention than others.
Geometrical Effects of Two Different Space Closing Loops and Its Forces and Moments—A FEM Study
Authors: Arathi Gurunath Nupur , Bharadwaj Rekha , Venkateswaran Sundaram , Krishnaswamy Nathamuni Rengarajan
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the geometrical effects of double keyhole loop (DKHL) and T-loop and its forces and moments during en mass space closure using finite element method.

Materials and Methods

A 3-dimensional finite element model of maxillary arch was created and stimulated for first premolar extraction case with 0.022 slot Roth prescription bracket. DKHL and T-loop arch wire were created using 19×25 stainless steel and was opened 1 mm for activation using 2 different methods. The study was divided into 2 groups based on the loop design, method of activation, and degree of Gable bend. The stress distribution, tooth displacement, and moment-force ratio were calculated.

Result

The overall stress distribution was more or less uniform in all the groups. However, maximum von Mises stress was observed in the second premolar region for both the groups. There was greater torque and vertical control in the anterior segment and better anchorage control in posterior segment with increase in degree of Gable bend for both the loops activated using ligature tie. Moment-force ratio of 8-10 was achieved for both the loops.

Conclusion

Therefore, DKHL was as efficient as T-loop in producing the desirable biomechanical properties during en mass space closure.
Data science education programmes in Middle Eastern institutions: A survey study
Authors: Zakaria Mahmoud Sherif
Published: August 2022

In response to the current trends in dealing with data in academia, various research institutions and commercial entities around the world are building new programmes to fill the gaps in workforce demand in specific disciplines, including data curation, big data, data management, data science and data analytics. Thus, the aim of the present study was to reveal the reality of data science education in the Middle East and to determine the opportunities and challenges for teaching data science in the region. Thirteen countries in the Middle East were offering 48 data science programmes at the time of the study. The results reveal that these data science programmes significantly use the words ‘data’ and ‘analytics’ in their names. With regard to the academic affiliations of the data science programmes, the study found that they are offered in a variety of schools, especially computer science, information technology and business. Moreover, the study found that computer science is the dominant trend in the programmes. Data science programmes have a significant overlap with other programmes, especially statistics and computer science, because of the interdisciplinary nature of this field. Data science schools in the Middle East differ in terms of their programme titles, programme descriptions, course catalogues, curriculum structures and course objectives. Broadly, this study may be useful for those who are seeking to establish a data science programme or to strengthen data science curricula at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Collapse of the Chirajara Cable-Stayed Bridge in Colombia
Authors: Murphy Thomas P. , Galindez Nohemy Y. , Artmont Frank A. , Adams Andrew R. , Lopez de Murphy Maria
Published: August 2022

The Chirajara Bridge is part of a highway project located about 40 mi to the southeast of Bogota, Colombia. The collapsed structure was a cable-stayed bridge consisting of two diamond-shaped towers, with a main span length of 940 ft and two side spans of 262 ft. On January 15, 2018, while under construction and with only 164 ft of the floor system remaining to be constructed between the towers, the western tower suddenly collapsed, destroying that part of the bridge. The other tower remained standing, approximately in the same construction stage as the collapsed tower. Modjeski and Masters was engaged one week after the collapse to conduct a forensic investigation that included: an in situ inspection of the collapsed structure, analytical studies, an evaluation of the design, a review of the construction documentation, and testing of materials from critical structural components. Global analyses were performed to determine the loading effects in the bridge before collapse, and refined nonlinear analyses were conducted to estimate the capacity of the tower and to identify the failure mode. The investigation was concluded 4 months after the collapse and, based on the resulting data, the cause of the collapse was determined to be a deficiency in the strength of the tower. The design erroneously assumed that the reinforcing along most of the height of the diaphragm between the lower legs of the tower was effective to resist the horizontal tensile force caused by the tower’s geometry, as opposed to typical practice which utilizes a tension tie at the change in direction of the tower legs.
Women’s perspectives on career successes and barriers: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Borna Effat , Afrasiabi Hossein , Kalateh Sadati Ahmad , Gifford Wendy
Published: August 2022

Despite scholarly debate on the topic of success, how women define career success remains unclear. For many decades, research on the concept of success has largely used quantitative methods to assess the external aspects of success in a male-dominated culture. Using a total of 18 articles from 1999 to 2020, this qualitative meta-synthesis aims to gain detailed insights into women’s definitions of career success and to capture their perspectives on the barriers they face. A systematic search was conducted across four databases: Sociological Abstracts, SocINDEX, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. This study is novel in that it is the first synthesized research that qualitatively studies the concept of career success. From this review, three distinct themes regarding women’s definition of career success emerged: (1) having support, (2) having accomplishments, and (3) feeling belonging. This article also establishes three themes regarding the obstacles to women’s career path toward success: (1) work–family/work–life imbalance, (2) gender bias/gender discrimination, and (3) the lack of mentors and role models. In contrast to previous research, the findings of this qualitative meta-synthesis indicate that while women define career success individually, they acknowledge that the professional objective aspects of success are important or even central to them in their life. The limitations of the study are noted, and the implications and future research directions are discussed.
“Maladies of Infinite Aspiration”: Smartphones, Meaning-Seeking, and Anomigenesis
Authors: Nelson Justin J. , Pieper Christopher M.
Published: August 2022

Smartphones have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life, and attachment to these devices is a felt reality for many Americans. This paper describes the link between smartphone attachment and the pursuit of meaning and purpose in life. Analyses reveal meaning-seeking as a positive correlate of smartphone attachment. However, while interaction effects suggest that meaning-seeking through heavy social media and Internet use decreases the odds of smartphone attachment, meaning-seeking is strongly related to attachment at lower levels of daily media use. Also, having a satisfying life purpose decreases the odds of smartphone attachment, though this protective effect is not as strong as meaning-seeking in the final models. We conclude that smartphone attachment, within a context of latent anomie, could be anomigenic, inadvertently exacerbating feelings of despair while simultaneously promising to resolve them. Findings provide a sociological link between smartphone attachment and the negative psychosocial outcomes described in the literature.
Toluene diisocyanate occupational exposure data in the polyurethane industry (2005–2020): A descriptive summary from an industrial hygiene perspective
Authors: Sayles Catherine , Finnegan Natalie , Pike Timothy , Spence Mark W
Published: August 2022

This article provides an overview of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) workplace air concentration data. Data were collected between 2005-2020 in workplaces across the United States, Canada, and the European Union by a number of different organizations, primarily using the sampling procedures published in OSHA Methods 42 and 5002. The data were then collated and organized by the International Isocyanate Institute. Air samples were collected from several market segments, with a large portion of the data (87%) from the flexible foam industry. The air samples (2534 in total) were categorized into “area” or “personal,” and the personal samples were subcategorized into “task,” “short term,” and “long term.” Most of the air sample concentrations (87%) were less than 5 ppb. However, the presence of airborne TDI greater than 5 ppb indicated the importance of respiratory protection in some situations; therefore, respirator use patterns were studied and summarized. Additionally, this article provides a summary of air sample concentrations at different flexible foam manufacturing job roles. The information on air sampling concentrations and respiratory protection during TDI applications collected in this paper could be useful for product stewardship and industrial hygiene purposes in the industries studied.
The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support of Nurses on Their Resilience: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey
Authors: Karadas Ayse , Dogu Özlem , Oz Seda Degirmenci
Published: August 2022

Background

Throughout and following the ongoing Coronavirus outbreak, there is an urgent need to focus on organizational support strategies aimed at improving the resilience of nurses.

Purpose

This research aims to examine the relationship between the nurses’ perceived organizational support and their resilience levels, and to reveal the characteristics that make a significant difference.

Methods

The data of this descriptive and cross-sectional study were collected from 722 nurses in February 2021 using the web-based survey method. The study followed the STROBE guideline. The data collection tools included the Introductory Information Form, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and the Psychological Resilience Scale.

Results

Nurses were concluded to have perceived a moderate level of organizational support and their psychological resilience were found to be higher than average. A positive relationship was determined between the organizational support perceived by nurses and their psychological resilience. The gender, position/title of nurses, their work experience in COVID-19 treatment services, and having been infected with the COVID-19 virus were found to affect their perception of organizational support and resilience.

Conclusion

Organizational support perceived by nurses significantly affects their resilience. Resilience programs should, in particular, prioritize permanent clinical nurses who are in the risk group in terms of resilience, female nurses, nurses who had been infected with the COVID 19 virus, and nurses who have been assigned to COVID-19 treatment wards.
Immigrants’ Experiences of Volunteering; A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Sveen Silje , Anthun Kirsti Sarheim , Batt-Rawden Kari Bjerke , Tingvold Laila
Published: August 2022

Among policy makers and governments in the Global North, the voluntary sector is considered a central arena for immigrant integration. The aim of this interpretive synthesis was to systematically review research to understand immigrants’ volunteering experiences and explore how volunteering may influence immigrants’ health. A systematic literature review was performed using six databases. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-ethnography was applied for the interpretive synthesis. Immigrants’ perceived volunteering contributed to improving self-conception, engaging in the community, developing skills and knowledge, and building social networks. Under certain conditions, volunteering could be an arena for developing meaningfulness and belongingness and capacity building in the new community for immigrants. Our study indicates that volunteering may have a health-promoting impact that may contribute to immigrants’ sense of belonging and positive well-being. However, this effect seems complex, and volunteering activities and contexts must be further explored.
Managerial Technique and Worker Subjectivity in Dialogue: Understanding Overwork in China’s Internet Industry
Authors: Li Xiaotian
Published: August 2022

The article theorises three different organisational processes that uniquely organise and normalise overwork in China’s Internet industry: coercive formalised overtime schedule, normative informal overtime culture, and disguised work-related time expenditure, work-for-labour. It reveals the ‘double flexibility’ in management strategy, namely, flexible, combined use of coercive and normative control techniques inside the company in addition to its pursuit of flexibility in employment relationships. It then theorises the pendulum movement of worker subjectivity between the ‘self-as-business’ metaphor, which justifies market competition as meritocracy and encourages individuals to polish ‘employability’ in overwork efficiently, and ‘self-as-property’ metaphor, which reflects a conventional, Marxist understanding of employment relationships. The pendulum movement is manifested in the spectrum of workplace behaviours, ranging from the individualised psychological distancing to the collective noncompliance and online activism. The article provides a dynamic understanding of labour relations through the management-labour dialogue in the Chinese Internet industry.
Flexible Working and the Division of Housework and Childcare: Examining Divisions across Arrangement and Occupational Lines
Authors: Chung Heejung , Booker Cara
Published: August 2022

Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study we examine how flexible working is associated with the division of housework and childcare among dual-earner heterosexual couples with young children. Although flexible working may enable better work-family integration, it can also reinforce traditional divisions of domestic labour where women perform more housework and childcare. The degree to which this occurs may vary across arrangements due to differences in the flexibility and permeability of boundaries. We also expect occupational variations but in a paradoxical manner; the constraints and resources workers have may cause the associations to conflict with assumptions based on gender role attitudes. Results show that arrangements that allow more boundary blurring, such as homeworking, are associated with more traditional divisions of childcare but not necessarily of housework. Flexitime, especially for the lower-skilled/paid occupations, enables a more egalitarian division of labour, possibly because it is used to maximise households’ working hours and income.
Characterization and optimization analysis on surface finish and energy consumption in turning of Al-4032/GMP MMC produced by stir casting
Authors: Saini Pardeep , Singh Pradeep K
Published: August 2022

Control of energy expenditure in computer numerical control (CNC) machining is needed for eco-friendly operation of machining operations. Production industries deeply emphasize the improvement of productivity and saving in cost. The aluminum-based metal matrix composites (AMCs) can be substituted for metals for their mechanical properties in several applications. However, to bring in composite to usage, generally demand certain machining operation, which is quite challenging. This paper presents fabrication, characterization, and machining (turning) of Al-4032/6%GMP (granite marble powder) composite. Optical micrographs (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) have been used for the portrayal of the composite microstructure, surface topography, and fracture behavior. Also, mechanical characterization (tensile strength, micro-hardness, and impact strength) of the fabricated AMC has been carried out. The AMC samples have been examined for machinability for CNC turning operation. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are the cutting parameters selected for the machining experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM)-based desirability function has been used to obtain the best combination of parameters for achieving the desired objectives. Experimental results demonstrate the built-up edge (BUE) formation on cutting insert and interfacial bonding of particles on workpiece surface at low cutting speed. Generally, smooth cutting operation has been observed at cutting speeds above 100 m/min. Best surface finish (1.38 μm) and minimum energy consumption (0.27 kWh) have been observed at cutting speed 176 m/min, feed rate 0.15 mm/rev, and depth of cut 0.45 mm.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Al6082 nanocomposites through optimized T6 heat treatment process
Authors: Baghel Madhusudan , Krishna CM
Published: August 2022

A modified stir casting method was used to fabricate novel Al6082 composites reinforced with 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 wt% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A field emission scanning electron microscope was used to examine the microstructure, while elemental evaluation was performed with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. MWCNTs/Al6082 composites were subjected to a heat treatment cycle (T6) to enhance their mechanical strength. Mechanical alloying and ultrasonication enhanced the wettability during fabrication resulting in the uniform distribution of MWCNTs up to 0.9 wt%. Ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness of 0.9 wt% MWCNTs/Al6082 nanocomposites were enhanced over Al6082 alloy by 41.94%, 40.73%, and 42.97% at the as-cast condition and 76.96%, 81.61%, and 64.62% at peak-aged condition, respectively. Furthermore, nanocomposite fractography represented a mixture of ductile and brittle fracture for 0.3 wt% MWCNTs and brittle fracture for further addition of MWCNTs.
Impact of surface catalyst and variable diffusion coefficients on a comparative appraisal of hybrid and nanofluid flows
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Riasat Saima , Alotaibi Hammad
Published: August 2022

A comparison of the hybrid and nanofluid flows performance amidst two spinning disks accompanying variable thermal conductivity and viscosity is appraised in this study. The hybrid nanofluid is comprised of single-wall-multiwall carbon nanotubes/water combination and a simple nanofluid consists of single-wall carbon nanotubes (multiwall carbon nanotubes)/water amalgamation. The selection of carbon nanotubes is based on their matchless characteristics including lightweight, extraordinary thermal conductivity attributes, and stability. The envisaged model is supported with catalysis on the surface to influence the homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions and trigger the process in a relatively lesser time. The cases of clockwise and anticlockwise rotation for both disks are undertaken. The numerical MATLAB-based bvp4c technique is betrothed. The graphical illustrations depicting the association of the prominent parameters with the allied profiles are given with logical arguments. The fallouts revealed that the hybrid nanofluids are more effective than the simple nanofluids as far as thermal efficiency is concerned. It is also heeded that the rate of mass transfer is proliferated for the surface catalyzed parameter. A comparison table in a limiting case is also supplemented to jazz up the justification of the presented model.
Research progress on bearing fault diagnosis with localized defects and distributed defects for rolling element bearings
Authors: Patel Samruddhi , Shah Utpal , Khatri Bharat , Patel Utkarsh
Published: August 2022

In rotating machinery, rolling elements are the key members of the rolling element bearing (REB), which has tremendous application in automobiles, aerospace, ships, machinery apparatuses, and many more industrial sectors. Bearings are a significant source of various non-linear parameters which strongly affect the whole system. In the last two decades, tremendous research and approaches have been developed, considering the different parameters and faultiness for the proper understanding of the system’s non-linear behavior. This research paper summarizes the literature review on bearing fault diagnosis with localized and distributed defects for rolling element bearings with various non-linear parameters. Artificially-generated defects on the bearing races provides the vibration analysis of the system. These factors like radial clearance, unbalanced force, preload, misalignment, etc. are also considered defects in bearings. Moreover, the literature highlights some significant gaps that should be examined for future research in the condition monitoring of the mechanism.
Defending and refuting information sources rhetorically: The case of COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Savolainen Reijo
Published: August 2022

This investigation compares how COVID-19 vaccination supporters and refusers make use of rhetorical strategies to judge the credibility of information sources in online discussion. To this end, the Aristotelian tripartite approach to rhetoric, that is, ethos, pathos and logos was utilized. The empirical findings draw on the analysis of 2257 posts submitted to Suomi24—a Finnish online discussion in May—October 2021. The findings indicate that both vaccine supporters and vaccine refusers mainly drew on the pathos- and ethos-related rhetorical strategies such as appeal to blameworthiness and ad hominem arguments while judging the credibility of information sources. Coronavirus vaccination appeared to be a highly contested topic giving rise to polarized debates, deep mistrust and mutual accusations between opposing parties. The rhetorical strategies were used to attack opponents’ views on the credibility of information sources, rather than making attempts to create mutual understanding of their value for arguments used in online discussion.
A control system for MR damper-based suspension of front-loaded washing machines featuring magnetic induction coils and phase-lead compensator
Authors: Bui Quoc-Duy , Nguyen Quoc Hung , Hoang Long-Vuong
Published: August 2022

This paper studies a semi-active control system for magneto-rheological (MR) damper-based suspension of front-loaded washing machines. In this system, a permanent magnet is fastened to the shaft end of a shear-mode MR damper and an induction coil is wound directly on the slots of damper housing. Vibration of the washing machine tube leads to the relative reciprocal movement between the magnet and induction coil, which results in an induction voltage. The induced voltage is then served as an input signal to control the damping force of the MR damper. Because of the MR fluid hysteresis, a phase-lead compensator and an amplifier are employed in the controller of the MR damper. After the controller design, simulations and experiments are performed to evaluate the control system effectiveness. From the experimental results, performance characteristics of the proposed control system are discussed and compared with those of constant current and uncontrolled states.
If I Knew Then What I Know Now: How Realistic Previews of Onboarding Influence Self-Selection and Expectations
Authors: Capitano Johnna , Thomas Benjamin J. , Meglich Patricia
Published: August 2022

Extending research on realistic job previews (RJPs) and signaling theory, we propose realistic previews of onboarding as an essential, but often overlooked, component of RJPs, particularly in situations for which there may be unique, challenging, or displeasing aspects of the newcomer onboarding experience. Using a sample of over 200 working adults in various industries, we empirically tested two mechanisms explaining the effects of realistic onboarding preview during the recruitment phase—the self-selection effect and adjustment of expectations effect—in a randomized vignette experiment. We found realistic previews of a potentially disagreeable onboarding period increased withdrawal of candidacy decisions of participants and lowered their expectations. Our findings suggest that a realistic onboarding preview as part of the RJP has a significant impact on both the decision to stay in (vs. drop out of) a candidate pool as well as candidates’ expectations regarding the hiring organization.
Late Recurrence of Colorectal Carcinoma in Patients with Malignant Polyp and Risk Factors
Authors: Cui Min , Sadri Navid , Awadallah Amad , Zhou Lan , Xin Wei
Published: August 2022

Malignant polyps are polypoid lesions that appear benign endoscopically but harbor invasive adenocarcinoma microscopically. Patient with diagnosis of malignant polyp can be managed by surgical resection or endoscopic surveillance. Current literature on long term recurrence is sparse. A total of 76 patients with malignant polyp and follow-up period of over one year are included. Of these, 28 patients underwent endoscopic polypectomy followed by surveillance (group 1). Forty-eight patients underwent segmental colectomy (group 2). In group 1, three patients developed local recurrent pT3 adenocarcinoma (5.9 to 9.7 years) and one patient developed liver metastasis (7.3 years). One patient presented with malignant polyp in another segment of colon (4.0 years). Two of the malignant polyps with local recurrence do not have commonly reported high-risk features, including tumor ≤ 1 mm from resection margin, presence of lymphovascular invasion and high grade tumor, they had invasion depth of >4 mm and harbored a TP53 missense mutation. In group 2, during the follow-up period (1.0-21.8 years, median 9.3 years), none of the patients developed local recurrence. In this study, surveillance group had a local late recurrence rate of 10.7% versus no local recurrence in surgical resection group (0%). Our study shows that depth of invasion of over 4 mm in malignant polyp is a risk factor for late local recurrence if managed by endoscopic surveillance. Further study is needed to explore whether certain molecular alterations, such as TP53 mutation, is a risk factor for late recurrence.
Heterotopic Hepatic Tissue in the Placenta: A Case Report
Authors: Pourfarrokh Niloufar , Carreon Chrystalle Katte , Zreik Riyam , Asirvatham Jaya Ruth
Published: August 2022

Heterotopic hepatic tissue in placenta or umbilical cord is rare. The exact mechanism by which this heterotopia occurs has not been fully understood but is thought to be related to yolk sac primordia. To date, a handful of such cases have been reported. We present a case of heterotopic liver tissue within a chorionic stem villus of a 37 week-growth restricted neonate and describe the tissue morphology and its immunohistochemistry workup.
Severe acute radiation dermatitis after palbociclib therapy in the setting of palliative radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Kristine N , Salerno Michael , Shah Payal D , Matro Jennifer , LaRiviere Michael J
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Cyclin-dependent-kinase 4/6(CDK4/6) inhibitors are widely used as a first-line systemic treatment for patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Although many patients with metastatic breast cancer require palliative radiotherapy (RT), there are limited data on the safety of combining a CDK4/6 inhibitor with palliative RT.

Case Report

Presented is a case of acute high-grade radiation dermatitis with low-dose palliative RT following administration of palbociclib. A 49-year-old woman with newly diagnosed hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast presented with lytic bone lesions in the left femur and lumbar spine. The patient initiated treatment with goserelin, tamoxifen, and palbociclib. She underwent prophylactic surgical fixation of the left femur and received post-operative RT encompassing the entire surgical nail (30 Gy/10 fractions) and palliative RT to the lumbar spine for pain relief (20 Gy/5 fractions). During cycle 4, palbociclib was stopped 3 days prior to the start of RT to reduce the risk of toxicity risk. However, 16 days after starting RT, she developed painful erythematous papules and bullae with moist desquamation on the left groin and lumbar spine.

Management & Outcome

Her symptoms were managed with topical Aquaphor-lidocaine, silver sulfadiazine, and aluminum acetate soaks. Dermatitis subsided to dry desquamation within 2 weeks. The patient denied late toxicity at 11 months follow-up.

Discussion

Larger retrospective or prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the safety of combined CDK4/6 inhibitors and RT. In the meantime, special precautions are warranted in patients receiving combined therapy.
Symptom Profile Characterization Using the Beck Anxiety Inventory Among Undergraduates in the United States
Authors: Crosby Shae , Kwon Chloe , Rodney Tamar
Published: August 2022

Background:

The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is widely used to measure the severity of anxiety. This tool may additionally allow for an in-depth analysis of symptom typology, as reported symptoms can be placed into four categories (subjective, neurophysiologic, autonomic, and panic-related). Although overall severity ratings in populations may be similar, the type of symptoms reported as severe may differ dependent on characteristics of the populations assessed.

Aims:

This study examines the variety of anxiety symptoms manifested among U.S. university students and the impact of symptom typology on seeking treatment.

Method:

This was an online survey completed by undergraduate students in the United States, responding to questions including the BAI.

Results:

A multivariate logistic regression analysis model showed that the likelihood of students seeking treatment increased when they experienced more “subjective” anxiety symptoms, odds ratio (OR) = 2.443, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.462, 4.082], p = .001, as compared to symptoms in the other three categories. Students were also asked to report which symptoms were “most bothersome” to them. Many students reported difficulty sleeping and an inability to concentrate. These symptoms are not measured by the BAI.

Conclusion:

The results of this study show the potential for the BAI to be used as a symptom categorization tool to be considered independently in identifying target areas for treatment. An understanding of the existence of these gaps may allow providers to better identify students with anxiety who present with symptoms not included in the BAI.
Accurate fracture analysis of multi-material V-notched Reissner plates under bending or twisting
Authors: Yu Xiong , Yang Zhenting , Zhang Qilin , Tong Zhenzhen , Zhou Zhenhuan , Xu Xinsheng
Published: August 2022

An accurate fracture analysis of multi-material V-notched Reissner plates under bending or twisting is performed by a new coupling approach of isogeometric analysis (IGA) and eigenfunction expansion method. In this approach, the overall plate is divided into two regions: a singular region near the notch tip (near field) and a regular region far away from the notch tip (far field). The overall model is discretized by a T-spline-based IGA. Asymptotic solutions of singular stress fields are applied to the near field, and therefore, the large number of fundamental unknowns of control points is reduced into a small set of undetermined coefficients. The unknowns in the far field remain unchanged. Consequently, the computational cost is significantly reduced, and explicit expressions of singular stress components in the vicinity of notch tip are obtained without post processing. Comparisons are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the present approach. Effects of key influencing factors on the singularity order and singular items of stresses are investigated also.
Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo) and Social Withdrawal: Advancing a Conceptual Model to Guide Future Research
Authors: Fredrick Joseph W. , Becker Stephen P.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, previously referred to as “sluggish cognitive tempo”) is a set of symptoms defined by excessive mind-wandering, mental confusion, and slowed behaviors separable from ADHD inattention.

Method:

Of the studies examining CDS in relation to psychosocial outcomes, one of the most established correlates of CDS is social withdrawal. However, studies have yet to test mechanisms or moderators of the link between CDS and social withdrawal.

Results:

As a parallel body of literature exists in developmental psychopathology on predictors and outcomes of social withdrawal, this review merges these literatures to identify themes and advance a conceptual model on mechanisms (e.g., task-unrelated thought, poorer social skills, social anxiety) and moderators (e.g., behavioral inhibition, sex, parenting) of the CDS and social withdrawal link.

Conclusion:

This model provides researchers and clinicians with testable hypotheses to better understand the link between CDS and social withdrawal and to identify treatment targets to improve the social engagement of youth with CDS.
Similar citizen portrayals? Converging media-based othering in tabloids and broadsheets
Authors: Walter Stefanie , Fazekas Zoltán
Published: August 2022

Political communication researchers studying the news media coverage often distinguish between broadsheets and tabloids when sampling relevant news outlets. But recent work has pointed towards a ‘tabloidization’ of news coverage, complicating the empirical distinction between the two. Computational methods for text analysis can help us better understand how distinct the news coverage between these two types of news outlets is. We take the Brexit referendum as a case study illustrating various aspects in which broadsheets and tabloids cover an issue permeated by othering and divisive rhetoric. We focus on Brexit-related news coverage before and after the referendum (N = 32,946) and use word embeddings to analyze the portrayal of different groups of citizens that can generate an in- and outgroup divide. First, we document the presence of media-based othering in the form of overly similar migrant and European Union citizen representations that are, in turn, very dissimilar to the UK citizen representation. Second, we show partial convergence between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, as differences in the degree and characteristics of media coverage are rather small and specific.
Examining the role of lived experience consultants in an Australian research study on the educational experiences of children and young people in out-of-home care
Authors: Mendes Philip , Purtell Jade , Morris Sarah , Berger Emily , Baidawi Susan , D’Souza Levita , Bollinger Jenna , Anderson Natasha , Armstrong Geordie
Published: August 2022

Children and young people’s access to and engagement in education is a key determinant of future positive outcomes. Children and young people in out-of-home care disproportionally experience educational disruptions and disengagements affecting their ability to participate in schooling, further and higher education. There is increasing international interest in the participation of young people with lived experience of out-of-home (OOHC) in research projects. This paper presents the findings of a study in the Australian state of Victoria where a group of lived experience consultants (LECs) were employed to consult on the results of a broader survey of the attitudes of professionals, carers and care leavers regarding the educational experiences of children in OOHC. Two meetings were held with the LECs, one to gain their views on the survey findings, and secondly, to reflect on their experiences working on the project. The findings suggest that formalizing the engagement of lived experience voices in research, inherently a qualitative approach, promotes a more informed representation of the challenges faced by children and young people within OOHC. In this case, engaging young adults with lived experience helped identify key barriers to effective educational participation that the project design may otherwise have overlooked. They also identified key strategies for improving LEC engagement such as involving them in developing key research aims and questions, and enabling the provision of a ‘safe space’ for them to participate. This new approach promotes co-design at multiple levels, providing opportunities for a meaningful collaborative approach to research.