bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined used of Dry Cocoa Bean Test Ash (Theobroma cacao L.) and Poultry Dropping for the Improvement of Soil Fertility and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yield on a Humid Alfisol Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Olojugba Michael Rotimi , Chinedu Ezike Florence
Published: November 2019

The combine use of dry cocoa bean testa ash and poultry droppings for the improvement of soil fertility, maize growth and yield was studied on an Alfisol south western Nigeria, located at Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji-Arakeji, Ilesa Osun State, Nigeria. Research farm from April to July 2018 and from August to November 2018. Four treatments of poultry droppings (PD) at 5 tones  ha-1, cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA) ash at 5 tones ha-1, mixture of poultry droppings and cocoa bean testa ash (PD + CBTA) at 2.5 tones ha-1 each and control (C) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study showed that organic manure is a valuable fertilizer and can serve as a suitable alternative to inorganic fertilizer in the south western Nigeria especially, CBTA that has higher concentration of potassium (K) and organic carbon (OC). Poultry droppings (PD 2.5 tones ha-1) treatments plus cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA 2.5 tones ha-1) produced higher values for plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, leaf area index, plant diameter, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield against the control that recorded the lowest value. Also, CBTA improves soil pH (94%) and OC (87%) over the control as well as increases minerals such as N, P, K Ca, Mg, and Na at 19%, 37%, 19%, 53%, 43% and 36% respectively.  Organic fertilizer applications increase maize growth towards the later stage and were significantly different from the control according to DMRT at p<0.05. Cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA) and poultry dropping (PD) application registered over 47% increases of N levels in the soil, from 0.15% to 0.77% to 0.84%. Organic carbon increased as poultry droppings plus cocoa bean testa ash were added to the soil. Maize grain yield increased from control plot to 1.95 t ha-1 in CBTA + PD plot. The study recommends an application rate of cocoa testa ash and poultry droppings for maize growth on this type of soil in this agro-ecology.
The Use of Homegarden Agroforestry Systems for Climate Change Mitigation in Lowlands of Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Siyum Gebru Eyasu , Tassew Tuemay
Published: November 2019

Mitigation of climate change is one of the major environmental challenges facing the globe. In this context, homegarden agroforestry systems (HGAFs) have large potential for climate change mitigation. Therefore, this study was initiated to estimate the biomass and soil carbon stocks of HGAFs in relation to adjacent Natural Forest (NF). It also analyzed the relationship between woody species diversity, evenness and richness with biomass and soil carbon stocks. Three sites were purposely selected on the basis of the presence of HGAFs and NF adjacent to each other. Random sampling was used to select representative homegardens from the study population. In NF, a systematic sampling technique was employed. A total of 60 plots with a size of 10 m x 20 m were used to collect vegetation and soil data in both land uses. Soil samples were collected from each plot of the samples laid for vegetation sampling. Accordingly, 120 composite and 120 undisturbed soil samples from 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil depths were collected for soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density analysis respectively. Biomass estimation for each woody species was analyzed by using appropriate allometric equations. The result showed that the total amount of carbon stocks was 148.32±35.76 tons ha-1 and 157.27±51.61 tons ha-1 in HGAFs and adjacent NF respectively which did not vary significantly between the two studied land uses (P > 0.05). The finding also shows a positive but non-significant (P>0.05) relationship between carbon stocks and woody species diversity, richness, and evenness. Specifically, in NF lands, woody species diversity with SOC (r=0.36) and in HGAFs species richness with biomass carbon (r=0.39) was correlated positively and significantly (P=0.05). We concluded that HGAFs have the same potential as the NF for carbon stock accumulation and to counteract the loss of biomass.
Non-contact Tonometry Versus Pachymetry Corrected Intraocular Pressure: Any Difference? A Case for Pachymetry during Glaucoma Screening
Authors: Awoyesuku E. , Onua A. A.
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study sets out to determine if there is any statistical difference in the results of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) uncorrected for Central Corneal Thickness with Air Puff Tonometry and corrected with pachymetry for clients undergoing screening for glaucoma at the department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-two (132) adults were screened for glaucoma during the 2019 World Glaucoma week in UPTH Port Harcourt, they had their IOPs measured with Air Puff (Non-contact) Tonometer (Pulsair intelliPuff Tonometer, Keeler), after which they underwent pachymetry (Sonomed Escalon PacScan Plus) to determine corneal thickness after which the corrected IOP was determined by using a correction factor for adjusting IOP based on corneal thickness [1].  The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 to determine statistical differences.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements when corrected with pachymetry than when it is uncorrected. In our study the mean uncorrected IOP RE and LE was 14.53 mmHg and14.75 mmHg respectively while Corrected IOP RE and LE was 16.37 mmHg and 16.72 mmHg respectively.

Conclusion: Intra ocular pressure measurement adjusted with pachymetry for corneal thickness may be a better option for tonometry and we propose this be considered during intra ocular pressure measurement.
Bacteriological Quality Assessment and Antibiogram Profile of Bacteria Associated with Sachet Drinking Water Sold at Zaria, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Umar M. , Kambai J. , Mohammed I. B. , Oko J. O. , Obafemi A. A. , Murtala Ibrahim , Ajiya K. G. , Yaya A. A. , Abdulkarim I. M. , Akafyi D. E. , Idris S. , Tashi U. T. , Ahmed S.
Published: November 2019

Aims: Bacteriological quality assessment and antibiogram profile of bacteria associated with sachet drinking water was carried out with view to determine the bacterial load and fitness of the water sold in the study area for human consumption.

Materials and Methods: Ten samples of different brands were aseptically collected and analyzed using heterotrophic count and most probable number technique. The isolated bacteria were microscopically and biochemically characterized and finally confirmed using Box™ Easygel® E. coli Quantitube™ Test Kit (Micrology Laboratories manufactures, Easygel®, USA) biotyping. Physicochemical analysis of the samples was done using standard methods. The isolated bacteria were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique.

Results: The total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 1.0×102 to 3.0×102 cfu/ml, with MPN/100ml values ranged from <0.03 to 1.2. The temperature ranged from 8 to 18°C, at the pH range of 5.0 to 7.6. The findings showed that, high temperatures and pH was associated with high bacterial counts. There was no statistical relationship between microbial loads and the temperature (p= 0.454) of the analyzed sachet water. Also, there was no statistical relationship between microbial loads and pH (p= 0.446) of the sachet water. The bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella sp, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus vulgaris. Most 9 (90%) of the water analyzed fell within the statutory limits. While, the remaining 1 (10%) fell within the contamination level, which recorded high bacterial counts beyond the standard of safe drinking water set by water and food regulatory bodies.

Conclusion: The isolation of E. coli and Salmonella sp. in sample brand “A” in this study is an indication that if not promptly checked, an outbreak could occur in the near future. All the isolates are susceptible to variety of antibiotics used, except Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella sp. and Citrobacter freundii which recorded resistance to amoxicillin, and Proteus vulgaris which recorded multidrug resistance.
Investigation of Biochemical Parameters of Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice after Administration of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Eucalyptus citriodora
Authors: Muhammed D. , Dada E. O. , Iyaji F. O. , Abraham O. J. , Chijioke N. A.
Published: November 2019

The leaf, stem and bark of Eucalyptus citriodora are combined for use in the treatment of malaria in Anyigba, North Central, Nigeria. However, no scientific investigations have been carried out to know the effect of this plant on biochemical parameters of experimental mice. Thus, this study evaluated the biochemical parameters of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei after the administration of ethanolic leaf extract of E citriodora. Twenty-four (24) mice of body weights between 18-25 g were grouped into six groups. Group 1, infected but not treated (negative control), group 2, infected and administered with 0.2 mg/kg of chloroquine (positive control), group 3, not infected, but administered with 0.2 ml of normal saline (normal control), while the remaining three (3) groups were infected and treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectfully. The pack cell volume (PCV) was assessed before and after infection and treatment using standard procedure. The mice were sacrificed on the sixth day and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis using standard methods. The PCV in mice of all groups decrease significantly (p<0.05), except group 3 (normal control) that increased. The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin level was higher in negative control (group 1) than in all other groups studied, but it was higher in the group treated with 200 mg/kg bd wt of the extract than in the positive control and the groups treated with 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract. A similar trend was observed in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipolipid (HDL) and low density lipolipid (LDL). The level of creatinine, blood urea and nitrogen were observed to be low in groups 1 and 2, compared to other groups. This study revealed that E. citriodora ethanolic leaf extract does not exact toxic effect on the internal organs like liver, kidney and heart.
A Review on Medicinal Plants with Antiangiogenic Activity Available in Iraq
Authors: Haseeb Khamees Amjed , Jawad Kadheem Enas , Bahaa Sahib Hayder , Hussein Ahmed Omar
Published: December 2019

Aims: To correlate the antiangiogenic effect of medicinal plants available in Iraq.

Study Design: Study design by correlate different study and article about the antiangiogenic activity of different plant available in Iraq and make collection of different information of medicinal plant grow in Iraq.

Methodology: We included the irregular growth of blood vessels contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, which has a major impact on human health. Indeed, a long list of disorders is characterized and caused by excessive angiogenesis. Historically, the best known disorders stemming from angiogenesis are cancer, psoriasis, arthritis and blindness, but many additional common disorders such as obesity, asthma, atherosclerosis and infectious disease and correlate different plant by activity with antiangiogenic properties.

Results: The plant sources of Iraq are likely to provide effective antiangiogenic substances. All examples that are provided in this review of promising bioactive materials obtained from different plants with other therapeutic uses.

Conclusion: Aerial part of different plant in Iraq possess antiangiogenic activity has crucial activity to treat disease relate angiogensis.
Nonischemic Cardiac Manifestations in VEXAS Syndrome
Authors: Robert Marie , Mathian Alexis , Lacombe Valentin , Lobbes Hervé , Adélaïde Léopold , Le Besnerais Maelle , Dacher Jean-Nicolas , Terrier Benjamin , Mékinian Arsène , Bourguiba Rim , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie ,   FRENVEX Group, HADJADJ Jérome , NGUYEN Yann , MOULOUDJ Dalila , HEIBLIG Mael , ALOUI Hassina , MC AVOY Chloé , ARDOIS Samuel , CAMPOCHIARO Corrado , MARIA Alexandre , COUSTAL Cyrille , COMONT Thibault , LAZARO Estibaliz , LIFERMANN François , LE GUENNO Guillaume , GROBOST Vincent , OUTH Roderau , CAMPAGNE Julien , DOR-ETIENNE Anais , GARNIER Alice , JAMILLOUX Yvan , DOSSIER Antoine , SAMSON Maxime , AUDIA Sylvain , NICOLAS Barbara , DE MALEPRADE Baptiste , DE SAINTE MARIE Benjamin , FAUCHER Benoit , BOUAZIZ Jean-David , BRONER Jonathan , DUMAIN Cyril , ANTOINE Carole , CARPENTIER Benjamin , CASTEL Brice , LARTIGAU-ROUSSIN Céline , CRICKX Etienne , VOLLE Geoffroy , FAYARD Damien , DECKER Paul , MOULINET Thomas , DUMONT Anael , NGUYEN Alexandre , AOUBA Achille , MARTELLOSIO Jean-Philippe , LEVAVASSEUR Matthieu , PUIGRENIER Sébastien , ANTOINE Pascale , GIRAUD Jean-Thomas , HERMINE Olivier , LACOUT Carole , MARTIS Nihal , KARAM Jean-Denis , CHASSET François , ARNAUD Laurent , MARIANETTI GUINGEL Paola , DELIGNY Christophe , CHAZAL Thibaud , WOAYE-HUNE Pascal , ROUX-SAUVAT Marielle , MEYER Aurore , HIRSCH Pierre , ABISROR Noémie , FENAUX Pierre , KOSMIDER Olivier , JACHIER Vincent , FAIN Olivier
Published: December 2024

This case series reports on the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of nonischemic cardiac manifestations in patients with VEXAS syndrome with confirmed pathogenic UBA1 alterations.
Neural Networks for Microwave Circuits
Authors: Feng Feng , Na Weicong , Jin Jing , Zhang Jianan , Zhang Wei , Xu Jianjun , Zhang Qi‐Jun
Published: December 2024

Neural networks, also called artificial neural networks (ANNs), are important techniques for performing forward/inverse modeling for microwave active/passive components to enhance a circuit design. With measured or simulated data of microwave devices, ANNs can be trained to learn relevant microwave relationships, which could be otherwise computationally expensive or for which efficient analytical formulas are not available. By training an ANN using data from electromagnetic (EM)/physics simulations, one can use the trained ANN as models for microwave circuits to replace the EM/physics models, which are typically CPU intensive, to significantly accelerate circuit design with EM/physics‐level accuracies. Fundamental concepts of the ANN structure and training, knowledge‐based neural networks, automated model generation, neuro‐transfer function modeling, deep neural network modeling, neural network‐based inverse modeling, and the use for EM/multiphysics design optimizations are described here.
Method of Moments: Introduction and Techniques
Authors: Kishk Ahmed A.
Published: December 2024

The basic ideas of the method of moments (MoM) technique, based on the surface integral equations, are described by analogy with the numerical integration. Such description makes it easy for a nonexpert to have some understanding of the MoMs based on surface integral equations. Then, a simple 2D scattering from an infinite conducting cylinder is considered to show a beginner how to formulate a problem and obtain the integral equations to be solved using the method of moments. Formulations of the problem of multi‐homogeneous dielectric materials are considered. To ease the construction of the MoM matrix for any problem composed of different materials, the surface integral equations are based on the actual boundary condition on each boundary in an operator form that is translated to a matrix, which is looked at as a composition of different impedance or admittance matrix in a partitioned matrix. Different surface integral equations can even be constructed at the matrix level. Discussions related to different possible formulations are considered. The problems involved in some formulations for conducting objects and how to overcome them are discussed. The literature review at the end is given for more detailed reading, which is related to different applications.
Perturbation Theory
Authors: Mathew K. T.
Published: December 2024

The theoretical techniques for cavity perturbation were originally developed for microwave cavities. These cavities are basically resonant devices. A variety of resonant devices such as waveguide and coaxial cavities, reentrant cavity, split ring resonator, and dielectric resonator are available. Perturbation methods otherwise known as cavity‐perturbation methods based on perturbation theory are simple and accurate methods to solve many of the electromagnetic field problems. This article envisages the basic concepts to evolve the perturbation theory from Maxwell's fundamental equations. Different approaches to this problem are also tackled. The necessary modifications to perturbation theory developed by different authors are also included. The merits, drawbacks, and possible errors of this technique and a few of the important applications are discussed.
Electromagnetic Bandgap‐Assisted Bandpass Filters
Authors: Karmakar Nemai C. , Mollah Mohammad N.
Published: December 2024

Electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGSs) are playing a vital role in enhancing the performance of microwave devices. EBG materials are periodic structures that exhibit wide bandpass and band‐rejection properties at microwave frequencies. The introduction of periodic perturbation such as dielectric rods, holes, and patterns in waveguides and PCB substrates has resulted in the development of EBGSs, which are also termed photonic bandgap (PBG) materials. The EBGs can suppress the unwanted higher‐order harmonics of a reference BPF. We used uniform, binomially distributed EBGs and dumbbell‐shaped defected ground structure (D‐DGS) to suppress the harmonics of a BPF. It was found that D‐DGS is a potential candidate for harmonic suppression. Presently, we have used rectangular EBGs instead of square‐patterned EBGs. Here, we have used two narrower slots to form modified D‐DGS. They provide the best performance and are capable of suppressing the average second and third harmonics, 55 and 43 dB, respectively.
A Multifunctional Crosslinked F‐Free Binder for MnO2 Microparticle Thick Cathode in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Sunghun , Seo Joon Kyo , Park Hyunseo , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Sang Woo , Shin Seung Woo , Bang Joo An , Jung Kyu‐Nam , Kim Byung Gon
Published: December 2024

In pursuit of a carbon‐neutral society, extensive research has been conducted on Zn‐MnO2 batteries for their application in energy storage systems. Most efforts have focused on enhancing active material performance at the lab scale, with less attention on high‐loaded electrodes incorporating micro‐sized MnO2 for practical application. Although thick electrodes are required to improve the energy density of cells, unwanted issues such as poor wettability, Mn2+ dissolution, and low adhesion of the electrodes should be addressed to activate these high‐loaded electrodes. To overcome these problems, a multifunctional F‐free hydrophilic crosslinked (HPC) binder is proposed. Unlike F‐containing polyvinylidene fluoride and non‐crosslinked HPC binders showing weak adhesion and binder dissolution, respectively, the HPC binder exhibits hydrophilic, physically stable, and environmentally friendly natures. Moreover, due to the presence of carboxylate groups showing strong adsorption to eluted Mn2+ ions, the Mn2+ migration to the anode side is largely suppressed. Benefiting from these interesting features, the HPC cell exhibits stable cell operation by minimizing the accumulation of irreversible Zn‐vernadite, owing to maintaining the electrode integrity at a practical level of 13.3 mg cm−2. This study highlights the importance of binder design, enabling the use of thick electrodes as a step toward the commercialization of Zn–MnO2 batteries.
Engineering CoN4 and FeN4 Dual Sites with Adjacent Nanoclusters on Flexible Porous Carbon Fibers for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wang Zhe , Yang Zhenbei , Jin Xiaoyan , Tong Li , Xu RuoJie , Kong Kexin , Zhang Yifan , Wang Yong , Liu Yipu , Meng Linxing , Pan Zhijuan , Hwang Seong‐Ju , Li Liang
Published: December 2024

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) possess tunable electronic structures and efficient atom utilization, making them highly promising for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER). However, achieving high catalytic activity and stability for both ORR and OER in DACs remains a challenge. Herein, a flexible membrane of porous carbon fiber anchored with atomically scattered CoN4/FeN4 dual sites and adjacent Co2Fe2/Fe5 nanoclusters (Co, Fe‐DACs/NCs@PCF) is synthesized. The local geometry and electronic structure of the CoN4/FeN4 sites, which act as reaction centers for ORR/OER, are finely regulated by the neighboring Co2Fe2/Fe5 nanoclusters. This unique structure imparts Co, Fe‐DACs/NCs@PCF with exceptional activity and durability toward ORR/OER, outperforming the performance of single‐atom catalysts containing only CoN4 or FeN4 sites, as well as commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. Zinc–air battery employing a Co, Fe‐DACs/NCs@PCF cathode exhibits outstanding stability, maintaining cyclability for over 1500 h, outperforming a Pt/C + RuO2 air cathode. Theoretical calculations highlight distinct synergies between Fe5 (Co2Fe2) clusters and FeN4 (CoN4) sites, which optimize the coupling strength of Fe(Co)─OH at the potential‐determining steps and thus improve ORR (OER) catalytic kinetics. This study lays a theoretical and practical foundation for rational design of heterostructure catalysts featuring coexisting DACs and nanoclusters within porous carbon fibers.
Superior Electrocaloric Performance Enabled by Highly Robust Monomorphic Ferrodistortion in NaNbO3‐Based Relaxor
Authors: Li Feng , Ji Xiaoli , Wang Xiangjian , Dai Changshun , Wang Xuan , Chen Siyu , Liu Wei , Long Mingsheng , Shan Lei , Qi He , Wang Jianli , Wang Chunchang , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: December 2024

A synergistic realization of high electrocaloric effect (ECE) and excellent temperature stability in ferroelectrics are foundation for practical applications, which is, however, a major challenge in ferroelectric cooling community thus far. In confront with this long‐standing issue, an emergent monomorphic ferrodistortion strategy in NaNbO3‐based relaxor is proposed with flexible tetragonal polar nanoregions immersing in short‐range oxygen octahedral tilt. This not only contributes to large quantities of polar entities to increase entropy change but also produces highly robust oxygen octahedral tilt to persist ferroelectricity and obstruct thermal agitations. Therefore, a high ΔT of 0.96 K and an ultrawide temperature span ΔTspan of 110 K with a record‐high figure of merit of 4.74 is achieved in Ta‐doped NaNbO3‐BaTiO3 ceramics and these superior EC performances present a remarkable breakthrough in ferroelectric bulks cooling. This work thus provides an innovative way of utilizing ferrodistortive relaxor feature with polar nanoregions immersing in oxygen octahedral tilt to simultaneously boost EC value and temperature stability and thus monomorphic ferrodistortion is proposed as an effective strategy to develop high‐performance entropy‐change materials.
A Novel Cu and Ag Bearing High‐Entropy Alloy With Remarkable Antibacterial, Antiviral and Anti‐Microbial Corrosion Performances
Authors: Zhou Enze , Yang Yi , Li Jianlin , Ren Guangyu , Li Lingke , Li Zhong , Lu Yiping , Gu Tingyue , Wang Fuhui , Xu Dake
Published: December 2024

The development of antibacterial and antiviral high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) incorporating copper has attracted widespread attention. However, the segregation of Cu in HEAs can result in detrimental effects on their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Herein, two novel HEAs, CoCrCu0.3FeNi‐Ag(1.8 wt.%) (Cu‐AgHEA) and CoCrFeNi‐Ag0.6 (AgHEA), are designed to address these concerns. The yield strength of Cu‐AgHEA is approximately 400 MPa, surpassing those of CoCrCuFeNi (CuHEA) by 1.3 times, and 304 stainless steel by 1.9 times. The abiotic corrosion resistance of Cu‐AgHEA is one order of magnitude greater than that of CuHEA. Moreover, Cu‐AgHEA demonstrates a remarkable antibacterial efficacy of 99.9% against marine bacteria, surpassing that of AgHEA. The very good bactericidal effect of Cu‐AgHEA is attributed to the increased release of Cu and Ag ions, leading to higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species causing bacterial cell damage. Furthermore, Cu‐AgHEA imparts remarkable antiviral characteristics. After 24‐hour treatment, the Cu‐AgHEA surface effectively deactivated approximately 99% of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) virus, rendering it non‐infectious. These findings present an attractive route to advance materials that integrate structure and function, resulting in exceptional overall performances.
Engineered Energy Transfer in Room Temperature Phosphorescent Materials for Time‐Resolved Dual‐Mode Encryption
Authors: Ren Miao , Zhang Shuai , Wu Jie , Hu Qingsong , Cao Sheng , Zou Bingsuo , Yin Zixi , Yu William W. , Zeng Ruosheng
Published: December 2024

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are of significant attentions due to their unique optical properties and potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting and information security. However, single spatial resolution anti‐counterfeiting decryption methods fail to meet high‐level security demands. A novel dual‐mode information encryption strategy based on self‐trapped exciton (STE) fluorescence and phosphorescence is proposed. By introducing ns2 metal ions into the zero‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide (Ph3S)2SnCl6, energy transfer pathways from the S1 and Tn energy levels to the STEs are constructed, enabling precise control of phosphorescence performance. This material exhibited STE fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual‐mode optical properties with different afterglow time, which can be utilized to develop high‐performance time‐resolved cryptographic systems. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments indicated that the energy transfer rate from the S1 to STEs significantly affected the time‐resolved characteristics of long afterglow materials. The potential of this material in time‐resolved cryptographic systems is demonstrated, enhancing security through time‐resolved multi‐level encryption and providing a new avenue for advanced anti‐counterfeiting and information security.
Beyond Fertilizers: NH4ZnPO4 for the Reversible Chemical Storage of Ammonia
Authors: Kozawa Takahiro , Hashiba Tai , Fukuyama Kayo , Abe Hiroya , Morita Shu , Osada Minoru , Naito Makio
Published: December 2024

Enhancing NH3 as a carbon‐free energy carrier of H2 and next‐generation fuel is a promising approach for a sustainable society. Chemically storing NH3 molecules in crystal structures offers better selectivity and reusability than storage in traditional porous materials based on physicochemical adsorption; however, designing materials that can be reversibly stored in structural gaps is still a significant challenge. Herein, the use of NH4ZnPO4, which is previously used as a fertilizer, is proposed as an NH3 uptake material through a chemical storage mechanism. The NH4ZnPO4 particles synthesized by a wet mechanochemical method with monoclinic and hexagonal crystal structures can incorporate NH3 molecules and directly transform them into NH4Zn(NH3)PO4 without producing byproducts. The chemical storage mechanism depends on the particle morphology; therefore, the uptake amount per surface area surpasses that of porous materials. NH4ZnPO4 exhibited excellent cycling performance due to its reusability, which is regenerated by releasing NH3 from NH4Zn(NH3)PO4 when heated in air at ≈100 °C. Taking inspiration from previously used and familiar fertilizers further extends this new area of innovative materials that can be used for the reversible storage of low‐molecular‐weight gases.
Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Jabeen Maher , He Yu‐Shi , Che Haiying , Xu Wei , Zhao Shuzhi , Shen Yixing , Li Linsen , Ma Zi‐Feng
Published: December 2024

Leveraging economically viable plant bio‐waste‐derived hard carbon (HC) anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries is logical. Many plants' bio‐waste materials are used as HC precursors, but their fabrication process is usually limited by direct carbonization which constrains their large‐scale sustainability. Herein, the critical role of the pre‐hydrothermal carbonization effect in regulating the structure and interfacial Na+ storage mechanism/performance of HC derived from oak leaves (OL) biowaste (OLHC) is reported. The resultant OLHC demonstrates a high‐reversible capacity (378 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), superior rate performance (272.9 mAh g−1 at 10 C), remarkable cycling performance (75% after 8000 cycles at 10 C), and adequate ICE (85%). Advanced ex/in situ characterization combined with theoretical calculations reveals that hydrothermal pre‐regulation of OLHC stabilizes the spherical particles, introducing more active sites and promoting surface properties with oxygen dopant‐induced defects, which shows uneven surface electrostatic potential and lower activation energy for Na+ adsorption thus generates a thin layer of PF6−/NaF‐enriched core‐shell‐like SEI modulation with organic–inorganic composition. This enables fast interfacial Na+ diffusion kinetics, contributing to high‐capacity retention and stable cycling performance. The studies offer a systematic understanding of the pre‐hydrothermal strategy for the structural design of HC from plant‐leaves‐biowaste with true sustainability and improved performance for SIBs.
Improving Crystallization of Wide‐Bandgap Lead Halide Perovskite for All‐perovskite Tandems
Authors: Du Shengjie , Guo Yaxiong , Wang Chen , Chen Guoyi , Li Guang , Liang Jiwei , Chen Weiqing , Yu Zhiqiu , Ge Yansong , Jia Peng , Guan Hongling , Yu Zixi , Cui Hongsen , Yu Zhenhua , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia
Published: December 2024

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are crucial component of tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, the main obstacles currently faced by WBG PSCs are their imperfect crystal quality, leading to large open circuit voltage (VOC) losses and poor stability. The use of 2,5‐dibromothieno[3,2‐B] thiophene (DBrT) as an additive in WBG PSCs enhances crystal quality, mitigates defects, and improves stability by promoting crystal growth and passivating bulk and interface defects. The interaction between Pb─S bonds, π–π stacking, and hydrogen bonding facilitates an ordered molecular arrangement, leading to better crystallization and reduced non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, DBrT can also spontaneously diffuse to the grain boundary, thus permeate to top and buried surfaces of perovskite, further passivating defects at the interfaces and reducing non‐radiative recombination. This strategy not only improves energy level alignment and carrier transport but also achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.40% for the inverted WBG PSC with a high VOC of 1.27 V. a PCE of 20.39% for semi‐transparent devices, and a high 28.31% PCE for 4‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, thereby offering a comprehensive approach to enhancing the performance of WBG and tandem perovskites.
Coherent Conversion Between Single‐Frequency and Ultrafast Lasers
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Xiong Yatan , Cheng Zhi , Cao Xinru , Feng Yan
Published: December 2024

Lasers with high spectral coherence are in high demand for applications requiring high precision. Single frequency (SF) and ultrafast lasers represent two types of highly coherent light sources, each with distinct time‐frequency characteristics. The advent of novel technologies based on electro‐optics and nonlinear optics has bridged the gap between these two types of lasers, enabling coherent conversion between them. This review examines several technologies that enable coherent conversion between SF and ultrafast lasers. The generation of ultrafast pulses by modulation of an SF laser, covering both electro‐optic modulation (EOM) and optic‐optic modulation (OOM) is discussed. With respect to Kerr soliton generation by SF laser‐induced parametric frequency conversion, schemes with and without resonator structure are compared and discussed. The extraction of a single comb line from an ultrafast laser using stimulated Brillouin scattering is also presented. The advent of new technologies using all‐polarization‐maintaining fiber structures has made fiber Brillouin amplification a practical and robust solution for single comb line extraction. These coherent lasers with customizable time and frequency characteristics are poised to become essential building blocks in future photonic technologies.
„Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen“
Authors: Kinzel Tom
Published: December 2024

Dr. Tom Kinzel ist seit dem 1. August 2024 neuer Geschäftsführer der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh). Der promovierte Chemiker bringt viele Jahre Erfahrung aus der Industrie mit. Er möchte das Ehrenamt unterstützen und die chemische Gemeinschaft mit befreundeten Organisationen voranbringen.
Verlängerte Wartungsintervalle von Großfermenter‐Getrieben
Authors: Niermann Jörg
Published: December 2024

Am Küstenkanal bei Friesoythe in Niedersachsen entsteht Europas größte Biomethananlage. Die Anlage, die sich bereits in der ersten Ausbaustufe befindet, soll mit CO₂‐neutralem LNG‐Kraftstoff in den Markt gehen. Die spezielle Rühr‐ und Antriebstechniktechnik garantiert Zuverlässigkeit auch unter extremen Bedingungen und sorgt für verlängerte Wartungsintervalle – ein Vorteil, den die Betreiber zu schätzen wissen.
Moderne Hydrauliklösungen steigern Effizienz und senken Kosten
Authors: Kamschitzki Wladimir
Published: December 2024

Entdecken Sie, wie innovative hydraulische und elektrohydraulische Antriebe in der Prozessindustrie Energieeffizienz und Anlagenverfügbarkeit steigern. Durch fortschrittliche Technologien und Digitalisierung bieten diese Systeme nicht nur eine höhere Präzision und Energieeffizienz, sondern auch signifikante Kosteneinsparungen. Erfahren Sie mehr über die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten und wie diese Lösungen zur Erreichung ökonomischer und ökologischer Ziele beitragen.
Längere Lebensdauer und einfache Wartung
Authors: Wurzer Volker
Published: December 2024

Die Amoda‐V‐Serie ist für ihre Langlebigkeit und Anpassungsfähigkeit bekannt. Diese Hochdruckventile bieten eine herausragende Verschleißfestigkeit und modulare Designs, die ideal für anspruchsvolle Industrieanwendungen sind. Mit den Absperrventilen lässt sich die Produktionseffizienz steigern und die Ausfallzeiten reduzieren.
Mit oxidativem Biozid sicher durch den Vorschriften‐Dschungel
Authors: Röder Tatjana
Published: December 2024

Seit 2017 müssen Betreiber von Verdunstungskühlanlagen strenge Vorschriften zur Wasserhygiene einhalten, um Legionellen und Pseudomonaden zu verhindern. Aquagroup bietet mit ihrem Kühlturmmanagement Aqua.complete eine umfassende Lösung: Von der Installation einer Elektrolyseanlage zur Herstellung des Biozids Nades 2.0 vor Ort bis hin zur Unterstützung bei Dokumentationsaufgaben. Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Ihre Anlage sicher und gesetzeskonform betreiben können, ohne Resistenzen zu riskieren.
Pritt, tesa & Co – Examining glue sticks and the chemical equilibrium
Authors: Ducci Matthias
Published: December 2024

Im Beitrag wird ein Ausschnitt aus einer Unterrichtseinheit zum Thema Klebstoffe beschrieben. Darin wird u. a. ein einfacher, schulisch relevanter Nachweis für Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP, Povidon) in Klebestiften präsentiert. Darüber hinaus werden Eigenschaften des Povidon‐Iod‐Gleichgewichts betrachtet.
Is Mediation a Scientific Discipline? Theoretical and Practical Perspectives
Authors: Blanco Carrasco Marta , Arias Astray Andrés , Ferreira Jorge Manuel Leitão
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this study is to determine whether mediation is regarded as an autonomous discipline from both academic and professional standpoints. To achieve this, the study initially conducted a review of the most recent literature on the subject, followed by gathering opinions from experts, professionals, and trainers across eight different countries through in‐depth interviews and discussion groups. Among the primary findings of the research, it becomes apparent that while mediation remains a relatively underexplored topic, existing literature suggests that it possesses elements to assert its status as a scientific discipline, evidenced by its own axioms, paradigms, models, and methodologies. However, the professionals and experts consulted contend that it falls short of being classified as such. They cite several challenges, including the scarcity of real cases for investigation, the disconnect between theory and professional application, and the need for enhanced quality in scientific research to surmount the stagnation it has encountered for years.
Poor Performance of Applicator Tampon‐Based Self‐Collection for Liquid‐Based Cytology Among Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in South Africa
Authors: Tiiti Teboho Amelia , Nkwinika Varsetile Varster , Mashishi Tebogo Loraine , Molefi Kgotlaethata Aaron , Msibi Thembeni Lucia , Khaba Moshawa , Bogers Johannes , Lebelo Ramokone Lisbeth
Published: December 2024

Background

The South African Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy was updated in June 2017, recommending liquid‐based cytology (LBC) as the preferred screening method and the investigation of self‐sampling for cervical cancer screening.

Aim

To compare the performance of the Self Collection Cervical Health Screening Kit [SelfCerv (applicator tampon)] to the Cervex‐Brush Combi for cytology screening. The study further aimed to compare high‐risk (hr‐) human papillomavirus (HPV) and LBC test results from both methods.

Methods

The study included 446 paired samples, comprising self‐collected (SelfCerv) and healthcare provider‐collected (Cervex‐Brush Combi) samples from women aged ≥ 18 years attending gynaecology outpatient clinics at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. LBC slides were prepared using the ThinPrep 5000 processor and manually stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Detection of 14 hr‐HPV types was performed using the Abbott RealTime HR‐HPV assay. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 17.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, Texas, USA).

Results

A statistically significant difference in cervical cytology detection between the two methods was observed (p = 0.0025). The Cervex‐Brush Combi was more effective in collecting endocervical cells (73.4%; 95% CI: 69.0–77.9) compared to the SelfCerv applicator tampon (7.3%; 95% CI: 4.7–9.9); (p < 0.001). Cytological abnormalities were detected in 65.4% (136/208) of participants who tested positive for hr‐HPV by healthcare provider sampling compared to 40.8% (84/206) by self‐sampling. A fair agreement (κ: 0.35) with a concordance rate of 96.2% (95% CI: 94.4–98.0) was observed for specimen adequacy and diagnosis parameters [κ: 0.34, with a concordance rate of 67.7% (95% CI: 63.2–72.1)] between the two methods.

Conclusion

The findings of this study do not support the implementation of applicator tampon‐based self‐collection as a method for cytology‐based cervical cancer screening.
Sustainable Adsorbent: Activated Carbon From Waste Styrofoam for Efficient Aluminum Removal
Authors: Ren Yu Shuang , He Qi , Liao Wanying , Liao Yuxuan , Zhan Zhenchuan , Xu Jiajun , Acioly Thiago Machado da Silva , Viana Diego Carvalho , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This paper reports on batch investigations utilizing activated carbon (AC) made from waste Styrofoam to adsorb aluminum (Al3+) from aqueous solutions. The AC morphology and structure were examined using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and surface area analysis. The factors affecting the performance of adsorption were thoroughly examined. Al3+ removal was found to be maximal, that is, 98.65% using 0.2 g of AC at 90 min in a solution of pH 5 maintained at 60°C. Using a flame‐mode atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer, USA), the quantity of Al3+ in the adsorption solution was measured. For the purpose of studying adsorption, the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Jovanovich, and Harkins–Jura isotherms were analyzed. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption of Al3+ onto Al3+ is controlled by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. It was observed that among these models, the Langmuir model showed the most favorable fit for the equilibrium data on the removal of Al3+ onto AC, with a strong fit (R2 = 0.995). The values of thermodynamic parameters such as entropy (ΔS°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and enthalpy (ΔH°) show that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. In Al3+ solutions with low concentrations, the AC exhibited a high adsorption rate. In addition, a check of the error function was performed. To find out if the AC could be utilized again after the adsorption procedure, desorption investigations were carried out. Due to its high adsorption capacity (> 98%) and porous structure, the prepared AC shows significant promise as an alternative adsorbent for Al3+. These findings demonstrate that the AC is both effective and efficient in removing Al3+ from wastewater.
Orthodontic Bracket to Enamel Pretreated With Nd: YAG and Er: Cr, YSGG Lasers Using Curcumin‐Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Infused Adhesive: A FTIR, SEM Evaluation via Backscattered Electron Imaging
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Almoammar Salem
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the SBS, DC, and rheological valuation of experimental 1 wt % Cur‐loaded‐HNPs orthodontic adhesive to bond bracket to enamel surface treated with PA; Nd: YAG, and Er: Cr, YSGG lasers. Two adhesives were prepared experimental adhesive (EA) and EA loaded with 1‐wt % Cur‐HNP. Surface characterization of Cur‐loaded HNP was performed under SEM along with EDS. Specimens were prepared and conditioned with three different strategies PA‐gel, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Nd: YAG laser. Following pretreatment brackets were bonded, samples underwent artificial aging and two samples from each enamel pretreatment regime were assessed under SEM via BSE. SBS testing was achieved via UTM followed by failure analysis using ARI. Modified and unmodified adhesives underwent DC using FTIR and rheological valuation was performed. SBS and DC were assessed using ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison tests. The highest SBS was seen in the enamel surface treated with PA. The lowest SBS was remarked in the enamel surface treated with Nd: YAG laser. Based on ARI it was noted that modified adhesive containing Cur‐HNP exhibited the highest number of failures between 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed between both adhesives in terms of DC. Adhesive modified with 1% Cur‐HNP increased viscosity with a decrease in fluidity. The use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser for enamel pretreatment before bracket placement showed potential as a substitute for conventional acid etching, especially when combined with an experimental orthodontic adhesive containing Cur‐HNPs.
MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble‐Simulated Influence of the Mount Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption on Winter Climate Over the Mid‐to High‐Latitude Northern Hemisphere Continents
Authors: Qin Zongjin , Wang Tao , Gao Ya , Fu Yuanhai
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on surface air temperature (SAT) over mid‐ to high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere (NH) continents in December–January–February (DJF) 1991/92 were investigated using MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble simulations, observations and reanalysis data. The results indicated that the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption was not the primary cause of the SAT warming anomaly over the mid‐ to high‐latitude NH continents in DJF 1991/92. In the observations, a positive Arctic Oscillation (AO) or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)‐like pattern dominated the warming of Eurasia, while a Pacific North American (PNA)‐like pattern dominated the warming of North America. However, the model ensemble mean (MEM) simulated SAT and sea level pressure anomalies were much weaker over high‐latitude continents. Furthermore, by categorising the 100 MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble simulations into four categories, we found that the probability of warm and cold temperature anomalies occurring over Eurasia and North America was nearly equal. Only about 22% of the MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble members simulated winter warming over the mid‐ to high‐latitude NH continents that matched observations. Our study suggested that this winter warming was mostly caused by the internal variability of the climate system, which was consistent with previous studies. A more detailed analysis indicated that, following the Mount Pinatubo eruption, the intrinsic phase shifts in the AO and PNA remained key factors driving the SAT variations in Eurasia and North America, respectively.
Laryngeal Findings in a 20‐Month‐Old With Cri du Chat Syndrome
Authors: Braunstein Doris , Jones Holly , Heffernan Colleen
Published: December 2024

Laryngeal anatomical variations in Cri du Chat syndrome remain incompletely characterized in the medical literature, with few published photographic documentations. We present a case of a 20‐month‐old male with confirmed 5p15 deletion who presented with congenital inspiratory stridor and dysphagia. Videofluoroscopic evaluation at 13 months demonstrated aspiration of thin liquids.

Microlaryngobronchoscopy revealed a Cormack‐Lehane grade 3 view with a retroflexed epiglottis secondary to tight aryepiglottic folds, and laterally positioned false vocal cords resulting in broad, flat ventricles. Bilateral aryepiglottic fold division improved direct laryngoscopic visualization to Cormack‐Lehane grade 1. This report provides detailed laryngeal characterization with photographic documentation, contributing to the understanding of airway variations in this syndrome. Recognition of these anatomical features is crucial for optimizing airway management strategies in this patient population. Laryngoscope, 2024
Tension fluctuation analysis and structure optimization of yarn carriers in the carbon fiber braiding machine
Authors: Du Yage , He Lei , An Zhengyu , Qi Bin , Dong Benfengnian , Wang Yinghao
Published: December 2024

In the process of carbon fiber braiding, yarn carriers are the key component, and their ability to maintain stable tension is critical for producing high‐performance composite preforms. However, there are several issues with present yarn carriers, such as sudden changes in tension and excessive fluctuation, which often result in fiber breakage and seriously affect material qualities. To address these issues, the tension mathematical model is established based on the working principle of the slider‐type yarn carrier, which reveals that the separation of slider 2 and slider 1 caused by the ratchet and brake block structure is the root cause of the impact load. Second, the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by dynamic simulation and the tension test, and the impact phenomenon is captured by a high‐speed camera. The research demonstrates that by decreasing the angle φ, the impact load can be efficiently decreased or removed. The amplitude of tension fluctuations is significantly influenced by the spring's elastic coefficient, preload, and friction coefficient. Finally, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the structure, and the amplitude of tension fluctuation was reduced by 54.3% after optimization. This work offers significant guidance for enhancing the performance of yarn carriers.

Highlights

A theoretical model that describes the impact load generated by yarn carriers is developed.

The origin of the impact load is revealed by a multi‐dimensional research method.

Structural optimization for the issues of sudden tension changes and excessive fluctuations