bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS INFORMASI KEUANGAN DALAM MENGEVALUASI KINERJA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN DAIRI
Authors: Simanjuntak Rimky Mandala Putra , Purba Sahala , Butar Butar Erissa Antheresya
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of local governments in terms of how many including: the Regional Financial Autonomy Scale, Fiscal Decentralization Amount, PAD Effectiveness, PAD Efficiency, Regional Fiscal Effectiveness, Regional Fiscal Efficiency, and BUMD Contribution Amount. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with the subject of research on regional financial information in Dairi Regency in 2013-2020, the data collection method used is the documentation method. The data analysis technique used is financial scale analysis. The results show that the Financial Autonomy Scale is still very low with an average value of 9.40%, Regional Financial Independence is very high with a value of 80.54%, and the amount of Fiscal Decentralization of 6.89% is categorized as very low. The effectiveness of PAD of 97.44% is included in the sufficient size. PAD efficiency in the group is very efficient with a value of 0.92%. Fiscal Effectiveness is 96.28% of a fairly effective measure. Regional Fiscal Efficiency with a value of 6.54% can be declared efficient. The amount of BUMD's contribution with a value of 13.23% is relatively low. The implications of this research as an evaluation for the regional/central government and the community in assessing the performance of the Dairi local government for the past 8 years are seen from several aspects.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Mikrobiologi Permen Jeli Jahe (Zingiber officinale) terhadap Daya Simpan dengan Teknik Pengemasan Berbeda
Authors: Pratama Muh. Doddy , Palupi Pratiwi Jati , Prasetia Retno , Muhtar M.
Published: August 2022

Jelly candy is one type of candy that has basic composition such as granulated sugar (glucose/sucrose), gelatin (jelly base), and additional organic ingredients like Ginger which can use as preservative and naturally flavor. In the Ginger jelly candy production, Packaging is one of main evaluation to protect the quality of product. The study was carried out to know effect of difference of Packaging Technique on physical-chemical characterization and microbiology correlate to storability of ginger jelly candy. Physical characterization (organoleptic) on flavor, taste, texture and color were evaluated by Hedonic test through questionnaire, chemical characterization including moisture content and sugar content were analyzed by Gravimeter and Refractometer method, and bacterial contaminations figures was analyzed by total plate count method. The result showed packaging technique was no effect on organoleptic characterization and Sugar Content but it was effect on moisture content and bacterial contamination figures of ginger jelly candy. Storability was effect on organoleptic, moisture and sugar content, and bacterial contaminations figures. Non vacuum was higher compared to vacuum of packaging technique on moisture content and bacterial contaminations figures (43.01 % and 46 cfu/g, 23.38 % and 29 cfu/g (0 week)), (48.45% and 300 cfu/g, 43.48% and 71 cfu/g (4 week)) respectively.
Karakteristik Selai Lembaran Dari Campuran Kolang-kaling (Arenga pinnata, M) dan Buah Terung Belanda (Solanum betaceum)
Authors: Silsia Devi , Yulastri Indah , Marniza Marniza , Anis Ulfah
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the comparison between kolang kaling and dutch eggplant on the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of sheet jam. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) of one factor with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. The research use Analysis of Variants (ANOVA), then continued with Duncan 's New Multiple Range (DNMRT) at the level of 5%. The treatment used is a mixture of kolang-kaling and dutch eggplant namely A (100%: 0%), B (90%: 10%), C (80%: 20%), D (70%: 30%) and E ( 60%: 40%). The results showed that the mixture of kaling and eggplant gave a significant different effect on water content, pH value, vitamin C, total dissolved solids and crude fiber, and gave no significant effect on the fold test. The results showed the treatment of sheet jam from a mixture of kolang-kaling and dutch eggplant Netherlands at a concentration of 70%: 30% (treatment D) is a sheet jam product which is the most preferred  with a moisture content of 29.89%, 5/10 color (10R), fold test (4.00), pH 3.63, vitamin C 6.16 mg, total dissolved solids 64.23 0Brix and crude fiber 1.03% and organoleptic acceptability with color values ​​3.84, aroma 3.24, texture 3 , 76 and taste 4.00.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Karakteristik Kimia Fruit Leather Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) dengan Subtitusi Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata)
Authors: Fadhila Putu Tessa , Kusumaningtyas Rizky Nirmala , Subaktilah Yani , Rakhmadevi Ade Galuh
Published: August 2022

Fruit leather adalah jenis olahan produk makanan yang berasal dari bubur daging buah yang dikeringkan sampai kadar air berkisar 10-15% berbentuk lembaran dan dapat digulung. Fruit leather dapat berasal dari satu atau campuran beberapa jenis buah. Salah satu buah yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan fruit leather adalah buah naga merah yang kaya akan antioksidan. Pembuatan fruit leather dengan buah naga merah memiliki kelemahan kurangnya kandungan pectin, sehingga dapat disubtitusi dari labu kuning. Rancangan percobaan digunakan Rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor perlakuan yakni variasi konsentrasi buah naga merah: labu kuning: A (100% buah naga merah); B (75% buah naga merah : 25% labu kuning); C (50% buah naga merah:50% labu kuning); dan D (25% buah naga merah dan 75% labu kuning). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi buah naga merah dan labu kining terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan sifat kimiawi fruit leather buah naga merah-labu kuning. Parameter penelitian meliputi aktivitas DPPH ( Gaulejac et al), vitamin C (Iodimetri (AOAC 1995)), gula reduksi (Nelson Somogy) serta derajat keasaman (pH). Data dianalisis dengan metode Aova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT dengan signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan pH tertinngi pada sampe D (5,52), kadar vitamin C tertinggi (7,47%), aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi (64,96%) dan kadar gula reduksi tertinggi (51.57%) pada sampel A (buah naga 100%).

Kata kunci: Fruit Leather, buah naga merah, Labu kuning, Aktivitas antioksidan, sifat kimiawi
Pengaruh Fitoremediasi dengan Kombinasi Tanaman pada Kadar BOD dan COD Limbah Sasirangan
Authors: Ilmannafian Adzani Ghani , Darmawan Muhammad Indra , Kiptiah Mariatul
Published: August 2022

Most of sasirangan craftsmen in South Kalimantan have not carried out an optimal liquid waste treatment effort. In order to improve the quality of the waste, a combination of filtration and phytoremediation using the symbiosis of water hyacinth and calamus plants were applied. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of the filtration and phytoremediation processes using a combination of the two aquatic plants. The method used in this study was an experimental method with the treatment of a comparison of water hyacinth and calamus, namely 25%:75%, 50%:50%, and 75%:25%. The research stages are the acclimatization of the two aquatic plants for ten days, filtration with sand, gravel, and coconut fibers, and phytoremediation. The parameters tested in this study were BOD and COD. The results showed that the filtration and phytoremediation treatment with a combination of water hyacinth and jeringau could reduce the BOD and COD values on the 7th day with the highest level of effectiveness in reducing BOD obtained in treatment A2 with BOD levels of 15.21 mg/L or decreased by 80, 65% and the largest COD decrease was in the A3 treatment with a COD value of 797.5 mg/l or decreased by 14.99% from the initial COD value.
Pandemia COVID-19 jako wyzwanie dla organizacji publicznych. Ocena działań – studium przypadku
Authors: Pytlak Mariola
Published: August 2022

Celem artykułu jest określenie, czy i w jaki sposób pandemia COVID-19 wpłynęła na funkcjonowanie administracji publicznej. W artykule ukazano zmiany powszechnie wprowadzane w administracji publicznej oraz dokonano oceny ich skuteczności z punktu widzeniaosób obsługiwanych przez instytucje publiczne. Ustalono poziom zadowolenia interesantów korzystających z usług administracji publicznej w okresie pandemii COVID-19 oraz wskazano problemy, z którymi spotykają się oni podczas załatwiania spraw administracyjnych. Założono,że wprowadzone w okresie pandemii koronawirusa ograniczenia bezpośrednich kontaktówmiędzyludzkich negatywnie wpływają na tryb procedowania spraw prowadzonych w administracjipublicznej i niezadowolenie interesantów. W konfrontacji wyzwań stojących przed zarządzającymi w administracji publicznej ze skutkami zarządzania w dobie pandemii wykorzystano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych przez studentów Wyższej Szkoły Kultury Fizycznej i Turystyki w ramach projektu dyplomowego z 800 mieszkańcami powiatu pruszkowskiego. Interesanci mają neutralny stosunek do funkcjonowania administracji publicznej i uznają, że osprawności administracji decyduje jej zdolność do świadczenia usług wysokiej jakości, przyjaznenastawienie do petenta oraz stosowanie przejrzystych i zrozumiałych dla mieszkańców procedur. Do najpoważniejszych problemów administracji publicznej w okresie pandemii należy brak jasnych zasad odpowiedzialności i upolitycznienie administracji oraz zmiany organizacyjne, które wzmacniają władcze uprawnienia administracji. Krytyka kierowana pod adresemadministracji publicznej dotyczy przede wszystkim sprawnego i szybkiego obsługiwania osób.
The Impact of the Global Pandemic on MENA Countries’ Stability
Authors: Rzeszutko Mariusz
Published: August 2022

The article aims to analyse the situation in the MENA and neighbouring countries one decade after the so-called Arab Spring. The purpose of this study also is to analyze theimportance of the COVID-19 pandemic, which hampered the development of protests in the region by providing governments with a wide range of tools for public restraint and control. These measures effectively and in a relatively short period of time have significantly reducedpublic and opposition activities, hampering the momentum that could lead to a ‘second Arab Spring’. The study uses a qualitative method – a document analysis approach – to synthesize information from various sources to ensure the validity of the information obtained.
Przyszłość struktur bezpieczeństwa Polski w ramach intensyfikacji zagrożeń związanych z klęskami żywiołowymi
Authors: Włodarczyk Bartosz
Published: August 2022

Występowanie zagrożeń w zakresie klasyfikacji klęsk żywiołowych staje się zjawiskiem coraz bardziej powszechnym. Administracja publiczna w formie struktur bezpieczeństwa stanowi kluczowy element w kształtowaniu powszechnej obrony przed ewentualną eskalacją niebezpieczeństw. Aby w odpowiedni sposób realizować powyższe założenia należy wykazywać wzmożone działania w obszarze planowania, budowania dokumentów strategicznych oraz kształtowania właściwej charakterystyki potencjalnych zagrożeń. Co więcej, należyte łączenie systemów bezpieczeństwa wymaga formułowania solidnego, a także sprawnego procesu decydowania politycznego w momencie pojawienia się sytuacji kryzysowych. Przedstawiona publikacja stanowi próbę zarysowania wymienionych kryteriów w ramachstruktur bezpieczeństwa państwa polskiego.
Zarządzanie logistyczne podczas niemilitarnych sytuacji kryzysowych
Authors: Ficoń Krzysztof , Sokołowski Wojciech
Published: August 2022

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zarys problematyki zarządzania logistycznego w trakcie niemilitarnych sytuacji kryzysowych. Na wstępie omówiono zadania i cele zarządzania kryzysowego w strukturze administracji publicznej. Kolejno zaprezentowano cele i zadania logistykikryzysowej w prakseologicznym systemie zarządzania kryzysowego, zwracając szczególną uwagę na logistyczne potrzeby ludności poszkodowanej i realne możliwości zabezpieczenia i wsparcia logistycznego. Istotnym elementem zarządzania logistycznego w sytuacji kryzysowej są możliwości potencjałowe (kadrowe, organizacyjne, materiałowe, usługowe), które podlegająścisłemu bilansowaniu na tle potrzeb aktualnego scenariusza zabezpieczenia logistycznego konkretnejsytuacji kryzysowej. W zakończeniu zwrócono uwagę na specyficzne zasady i rangę zarządzania logistycznego w każdej sytuacji kryzysowej i jego podstawowe znaczenie we wszechstronnym zabezpieczeniu logistycznym ludności poszkodowanej. Główna teza pracy wskazuje nadecydujące znaczenie efektywnego zarządzania logistycznego w kształtowaniu wysokich standardówegzystencji ludności poszkodowanej podczas sytuacji kryzysowej.
The Concept of Food System: Food Security and Nutrition
Authors: Kundeeva Galina
Published: August 2022

Considered food systems as complex socio-ecological systems, including multiple interactions between human and natural components. The use of a systems approach to food systems has been justified. which anticipates complex interactions between human and natural systems and feedback loops that affect food security and nutrition. A food system framework that recognizes complex interactions, synergies, and feedback loops is proposed, providing a solid foundation for elucidating the drivers and mechanisms of food system change. Tools for assessing food system resilience are considered. Food system monitoring is proposed to consider the outcome of food security, as food security and nutrition is the main outcome of food systems.
Racja stanu Polski w cyberprzestrzeni i cyberbezpieczeństwie
Authors: Lewandowski Piotr
Published: August 2022

Artykuł ma za zadanie rozpocząć dyskusję nad problemem polskiej racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni. Dlatego założeniem pracy jest odniesienie się do dokumentów strategicznychi wypracowanie na ich podstawie warunków brzegowych dla weryfikacji pojęcia racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni. Praca dostarcza dwa elementy naukowe. Pierwszym z nich jest propozycja pomiaru na wysokim szczeblu ogólności racji stanu w cyberprzestrzeni przy użyciu narzędzi wywodzących się z realizmu i konstruktywizmu. Drugi to weryfikacja możliwości aplikacji owego narzędzia w stosunku do dokumentów o znaczeniu strategicznym oraz określenie jakościowej racji stanu na zaproponowanym modelu badawczym. Tekst otwiera metodycznerozważania nad budowa narzędzi do badania racji stanu Polski w obszarze cyberprzestrzeni. Artykuł wskazuje na sekurytyzację jako główny czynnik rozpatrywania racji stanuw cyberprzestrzeni w Polsce połączony z właściwością działań defensywnych.
The Full Range Leadership Model in Action: A Case Study of the German Aircraft Producing Company H3 GROB Aircraft SE
Authors: Heinzl Philipp
Published: August 2022

Leadership is a fundamental part of a company’s day-to-day operations and a critical factor in its success. This case study aims to demonstrate that a single manager can lead by actually using the full range of the Full Range Leadership Model (FRLM). It also aims to provide anapproach to the fact that the leadership style in turn influences the led manager’s leadership style. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted using three in-depth interviews and several observations. The results indicate that a manager can implement all leadership styles of the Full Range Leadership Model in practice. It could also be observed that the leadership style of the managerled by the CEO is influenced by the CEO’s own leadership style.
Current Challenges in the European Youth Policy
Authors: Țuțuianu Ruxandra-Andreea
Published: August 2022

This article aims to focus on the current challenges of the European Youth policy, relying on data from the two most recent European Youth Strategies: The European Union Youth Strategy 2019-2027 and the Council of Europe Youth Sector Strategy 2030. Both strategies, which build on earlier initiatives and are intended to serve different priorities and purposes, emphasize the needs and issues facing young people. The article focuses on whether these policiesare efficient enough to support young people to achieve their rights. Considering the youth’s current challenges, the analysis reveals what can be done and who can help achieve a coherent framework which can be integrated with national policies? Furthermore, it is important toacknowledge the significant repercussions of the COVID-19 crisis, which has affected every sector of a society, including the young generation sector, especially in the following areas: technological, social, civic, political, and personal. For a multitude of reasons, it is time for the EuropeanUnion to raise awareness about the implications of the pandemic, to review the priorities for the future, and to focus on the new challenges that arise, based on the developments over the last 24 months. The European Union must focus on implementing the bottom-up approach and participatory vision when it comes to addressing the needs and issues of youth and their situation in the future of Europe. It is crucial for the sustainable development of the European Union that youthreceive long-term solutions and comprehensive strategies, where young people are the main subjectof European policies and an active part of the decision-making processes, at all levels.
Doctrinaire Schism and the Politics of Religious Sectarianism in Islam: Understanding the Root Cause of Sectarian and Religious Terrorism in the Middle-East and North Africa
Authors: Agara Tunde , Usamotu Basheer Olalere , Akinrinde Olawale
Published: August 2022

The current difficulties and insurgency in Islamic states in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) led this study to examine why this region has seen more volatility than any other region today. Furthermore, the unusual nature of the insurgency and turmoil in this region, particularlywhere Muslims oppose Muslims and Muslim regimes, makes one ask what is the cause. As a result,this study has attempted to analyze today’s Muslim divisions through the lens of schisms in doctrinesand beliefs, which always lead to sectarian divisions. This paper takes a historical journey into the pastto explore the origins of the schisms and their consequences. The emergence of many ulama (or Ayatollahs and Sheikhs) shortly after the Prophet’s death and over the centuries of Islamic religion, each with own claim to piety, teachings, and illuminations, has led to the emergence of many sects, each claiming to be more pious than the others and adhering to the precepts, teachings, and examples laid down in the Qur’an and set by Muhammad. The fundamental differences in ideas and interpretations are what have fueled and generated today’s sectarian and religious difficulties and instability in MENA. As a result, this instability may continue for many years to come, especially when one group sees theothers not only as apostates, but also as an infidels who are divinely intended to be exterminated.
Geneza islamskiego zagrożenia terrorystycznego w Uzbekistanie po upadku ZSRR
Authors: Kamionka Mateusz
Published: August 2022

Artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie powstania ruchu radykalnych islamistów na terytorium niepodległego Uzbekistanu, szczególnie w czasie rządów Isłama Karimowa, ostatniego przywódcy Socjalistycznej Republiki Uzbekistanu i zarazem pierwszego Prezydenta kraju.W artykule przeanalizowano liczne pozycje zagraniczne, szczególnie raporty związane z działalnością terrorystyczną organizacji islamskich w Azji Centralnej. Autor pragnie odpowiedzieć na pytanie, na czym polega różnica w polityce wobec religii Karimowa, a Shavkata Mirziyoyeva,który został Prezydentem po śmierci autorytarnego władcy. Różnica jasno pokazała, że zmiana polityki na bardziej liberalną pozwoliła zmniejszyć zagrożenie terrorystyczne w kraju.
RELACIÓN DE AMILOSA: AMILOPECTINA EN EL ALMIDÓN DE HARINA NIXTAMALIZADA DE MAÍZ Y SU EFECTO EN LA CALIDAD DE LA TORTILLA
Authors: Salinas-Moreno Yolanda , Pérez-Herrera Patricia , Castillo-Merino Jorge , Álvarez-Rivas Luis A.
Published: August 2022

La modificación de la proporción de amilosa:amilopectina en el almidón de harinas nixtamalizadas de maíz (Zea mays L.) fue evaluada en las características reológicas de la harina y la calidad de la tortilla. Se usaron dos harinas comerciales y otra obtenida mediante el método tradicional de nixtamalización, con cuatro diferentes proporciones de amilosa:amilopectina, 15:85, 20:80, 40:60 y 50:50. Se efectuó la caracterización física y química de las harinas, y la calidad de las tortillas se midió en términos de color, textura y humedad, durante un periodo de almacenamiento de cinco días a 4 ±1 °C. El aumento en la proporción de amilosa en las harinas propició el incremento en la temperatura de inicio de gelatinización, reducción del desarrollo de viscosidad y ausencia de pico de viscosidad máxima. Las tortillas elaboradas con harinas ricas en amilosa mostraron una considerable disminución en la humedad y un incremento importante de la dureza durante el almacenamiento, en tanto que las tortillas producidas con harinas con alta proporción de amilopectina conservaron mejor la humedad y suavidad. Las tortillas elaboradas con harinas ricas en amilosa fueron de un color más brillante que las elaboradas con harinas altas en amilopectina.
CAMBIOS DE ESTABILIDAD EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE VARIEDADES TROPICALES DE MAÍZ
Authors: Mejía-Contreras José Apolinar , Molina-Galán José Domingo
Published: August 2022

El cambio ocurrido en los valores de los parámetros de estabilidad propuestos por Eberhart y Russell fue evaluado, al aplicar el método de selección familial combinada alternante en tres poblaciones tropicales de maíz, cultivadas en seis localidades de la Zona Costera del estado de Veracruz, durante los años de 1988 a 1990. Los compuestos de selección derivados de cada población obtenidos en los ciclos agrícolas otoño-invierno (Ciclo A) y primavera - verano (Ciclo B) fueron considerados, y el proceso de selección provocó cambios en los coeficientes de regresión (bi). En las Poblaciones 1 y 2 hubo incrementos y en la Población 3 hubo decrementos de bi. Tanto los incrementos como los decrementos en bi, presentes en las tres poblaciones permitio que se ubicarán en la categoría de variedades estables que responden bien a todos los ambientes, pero de manera inconsistente, lo que se sugiere que hubo mejoramiento en estabilidad de los compuestos de selección durante el proceso de selección.
Elektif Grade 3-4 Cerrahi Uygulanan Hastalarda Esmolol Kullanımının İntraoperatif Sevofluran, Fentanil Kullanımı ve Perioperatif Analjezik İlaç Tüketimine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZCAN Hafize Gülşah , BİNGÖL TANRIVERDİ Tuğba , AVCI ÖZBALIK Burcu , GÜRA ÇELİK Melek
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Beta blokerlerin nonkardiyak cerrahiye giden hastalarda perioperatif kardiyak hasarı önleyebileceği gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı; kalp dışı operasyona giden ve kardiyak olay gelişimi açısından orta-yüksek riskli hastalarda perioperatif esmolol infüzyonu kullanımının, perioperatif hemodinamiye, tüketilen inhalasyon ajanı ve narkotik madde miktarına, postoperatif tüketilen analjezik ilaç miktarına ve postoperatif yan etkilere olan etkisini araştırmaktır.

Materyal ve Metod: Ocak 2012 - Temmuz 2012 tarihleri arasında, genel anestezi altında elektif üroloji ve genel cerrahi ameliyatları uygulanan ve perioperatif kardiyak olay gelişimi açısından orta-yüksek risk taşıyan 40 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Esmolol grubuna, esmolol 500 µg/kg/dk 1 dakika süresince intravenöz (i.v.) yüklemesi yapılıp kalp atım hızı <80/dk olacak şekilde esmolol infüzyonu, kontrol grubuna ise aynı süre boyunca % 0,9 NaCl i.v. verildi.

Bulgular: Peroperatif dönemde; esmolol grubunda ilaç yükleme sonrası kalp atım hızı (KAH) ve ortalama arter basıncı (OAB) bazal değere göre anlamlı olarak azalırken, kontrol grubunda anlamlı bir değişiklik oluşmadı. Gruplar arasında sevofluran tüketimi açısından farklılık bulunmadı, ancak esmolol grubunda ek fentanil gereksinim sıklığının anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu ve kullanılan fentanil miktarının anlamlı olarak daha az olduğu görüldü. Postoperatif dönemde ise; esmolol grubunda KAH ve OAB değerlerinin tüm zaman noktalarında kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu saptandı. Ancak ağrı, postoperatif morfin tüketimi, bulantı, kusma ve titreme açısından gruplar arasında herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmedi.

Sonuç: Nonkardiyak cerrahi uygulanan orta-yüksek riskli hastalarda esmolol kullanımının perioperatif ve postoperatif dönemde etkin bir hemodinamik stabilizasyon sağladığını ve perioperatif kullanılan narkotik miktarını azalttığını gösterdik. Ancak, tüketilen inhalasyon ajanı ve postoperatif kullanılan analjezik madde miktarı üzerine anlamlı bir etkisini saptayamadık.
Comparison of the phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in the oral microbiota of non-smokers, tobacco smokers, and electronic cigarette vapers - A pilot study
Authors: Martínez-Solís Enrique Alejandro , Hernández-Martínez Abraham Atman , Peña-Barreto Adán , Barrientos-Fortes Tomás , Álvarez-Hernández Diego Abelardo , Solano-Gálvez Sandra Georgina , Vázquez-López Rosalino
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The microbiota is a community of microorganisms that live in a specific environment. Their type and number depend on multiple internal and external factors. Oral is the second most diverse and populated microbiota of the body. Smoking and vaping induce changes in its composition, and it has been demonstrated that they can lead to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Objective: To compare the phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in the oral microbiota of non-smokers, tobacco users, and electronic cigarette vapers. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative study was carried out. Three groups of non-smokers, smokers of conventional tobacco, and electronic cigarette (EC) vapers of tobacco flavored e-juice were formed. Oral cavity samples were obtained, incubated, and seeded in agar plates. Bacteria were isolated and identified performing Gram staining, oxidase, indole, and biochemical test panels. Susceptibility tests were performed using a MicroScan autoSCAN-4 system and the Kirby–Bauer test. Results: Variation was observed in the populations of bacteria that were isolated in each of the groups, but the non-smokers showed the most pathogens. In the non-smoking group, Staphylococcus sciuri was the most common bacteria, Staphylococcus sciuri and Enterobacter cloacae were the most abundant in the smoking group, and in the EC vapers group, the most common bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus sciuri. Conclusion: Multidrug resistance was observed in all the groups. However, EC vapers showed the highest proportions of antimicrobial resistance, raising a major concern.
Social intelligence, an elementary competence in the development of the doctor-patient relationship
Authors: Cerdio Dominguez David , Millán Zurita Paulina , Cedillo Urbina Alma Cristina , Félix Castro José Marcos , Del Campo Turcios Elvia Cristina
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The doctor-patient relationship is one of the great foundations of the vocation of medicine in the service of humanity. There can be no professional care without a solid foundation centered on trust and assertive communication. It is only then that competences such as Social Intelligence (SI) can play a defining role since they provide the physician with the practical skills, theoretical knowledge, and relevant attitudes to establish a professional relationship with the patient. Daniel Goleman presents the concept of SI as a continuation of his work on EI, where the whole cognitive process arises from self-knowledge, the ability to delve into the different spheres of the emotional-affective spectrum and self-regulation. Later, the social relationship is reached when the emotional recognition of others is based on the individual capacity for empathy which, together with a harmonized regulation, leads to the development of healthy social skills. Objective: To present the relevance of SI competence in the proper development of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods: A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMATM statement (2009), using PubMedTM, MedigraphicTM, and ResearchgateTM as search engines. A total of 115 articles were evaluated. Results: Based on its diverse definitions, accepted since 1920, social intelligence is an essential component. However, it is clear that there is a huge contradiction because it is not really considered in formal education. Over the years, the concept of SI has evolved, while the doctor-patient relationship has become increasingly important. Conclusion: The general consensus is that the need to humanize the medical sciences leads us to reflect on the scarcely studied humanistic competences. Then, we can promote a comprehensive medical education to promote a holistic conception of health as those who suggest medicine is a vocation do.
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: a new age
Authors: Rodrigo Martínez-Espinosa Rodrigo , Gabriela Ramírez-Vélez Gabriela
Published: August 2022

The development of vaccines based on mRNA technology involves more than a decade of hard work and important advances. Many clinical trials are underway to test these vaccines for the treatment and prevention of infections and diseases, such as cancer, cytomegalovirus, Ebola, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, malaria, rabies, and Zika. However, after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it played a leading role in an important race to develop therapeutic strategies, mainly a vaccine, against the disease. mRNA technology allows the quick and safe creation of vaccines and large scale production. There are currently mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNtech® and Moderna®) that have received the emergency use authorization of regulatory entities, including the FDA in the USA, the EMA in Europe, and many others, in the process of obtaining clinical data so that they are available in a short time. On the other hand, phase 3 clinical trials continue their course. In preliminary analyses, remarkably high levels of efficacy have been reported, reaching around 95% effectiveness against mild-moderate disease and up to 100% against severe disease and death. The various clinical trials show a robust safety profile, equal to or better than that of many commonly used vaccines, although they are not free of adverse events. Despite this, there are still significant technical challenges and doubts due to the lack of long-term information. mRNA vaccines represent a new era in vaccination and one of the most important advances in health, science, and technology in recent times. In this review, we will show the basic principles of mRNA vaccines and focus on the vaccines used against COVID-19. Scientific evidence shows that mRNA vaccines are one of the best options not only as a defense against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic but also as a novel technology against various diseases.
A Prototype For Quantum Database in Hybrid Quantum
Authors: chakraborty Sayantan
Published: August 2022

This study proposes a prototypeAnd a possibility to converge both this quantum database and classical database. This study mostly identifies the gap between this classical database and quantum database and it proposes a hypothesis and prototype which can be implemented in future products. It is a way that can be used in future industrial product development on hybrid quantum computers. The existing concept used to consider oracle as a black box this study opens up the possibility for the quantum industry to develop the QASAM module so that we can develop a fully quantum database instead of using a classical database as BlackBox.As the Toffoli gate is basically an effective NAND gate it is possible to run any algorithm theoretically in quantum computers. So we will propose a logical design for memory management for the quantum database, security enhancement model, Quantum Recovery Manager & automatic storage management model and more for the quantum database which will ensure the quantum advantages.In this study, we will also explain the Quantum Vector Database as well as the possibility of improvement in duality quantum computing.It opens up a new scope, possibilities and research area in a new approach for quantum database and duality quantum computing 
RIS-Aided Mobile Localization Error Bounds Under Hardware Impairments
Authors: Ghaseminajm Fariba , Alsmadi Malek , Tubail Deeb , Ikki salama
Published: August 2022

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a recent yet revolutionary development in communications systems. Particularly applicable to millileter wave (mmWave) systems, these surfaces can increase localization performance and decrease vulnerability to environmental influences, all by  adjusting the incoming signals' phase. At the same time, manufacturing ideal hardware to be deployed at the transceivers is not feasible nor practical. These non-linearities in hardware, collectively known hardware impairments (HWIs), cause signal degradation and adversely affect localization. In this paper, the effect of HWIs on RIS-aided localization is examined. Towards that, the mean squared error (MSE) of the user's position is found through a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and its functionality is verified by the position error bounds (PEB),  derived from Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB). Our numerical results show that active RISs mitigate the deteriorating effect of HWIs on the user's PEB. Based on our outcome, increasing the inter-RISs space generally creates more resolvable paths and leads to improved localization. 
Transitional Pattern Producing Networks for Faster Evolution of Soft Robots
Authors: Haile Mulugeta , Barber Gregory , Chen Tzikang
Published: August 2022

In our work, we developed a pattern-producing neural network that we named Transitional Pattern Producing Networks (TPPN). The TPPN generates soft robot morphologies much faster than existing methods. Our TPPN architecture uses only sine activation function with trainable frequency and phase. It uses a Boolean mask that turns neural connections on/off during evolution.

In addition to running much faster than existing methods, the TPPN generates morphologies resembling biological patterns such as bilateral symmetry and smoothly transitions between patterns during successive evolutionary runs. The ability to smoothly transition between patterns during successive generations has been a major challenge for existing pattern-producing models, especially in robotics.
Hardware Software Co-design of Statistical and Deep Learning Frameworks for Wideband Sensing on Zynq System on Chip
Authors: Rajesh Rohith , darak sumit , Jain Akshay , Chandhok Shivam , Sharma Animesh
Published: August 2022

With the introduction of spectrum sharing and het-erogeneous services in next-generation networks, the base stations need to sense the wideband spectrum and identify the spectrum resources to meet the quality-of-service, bandwidth, and latency constraints. Sub-Nyquist sampling (SNS) enables digitization for sparse wideband spectrum without needing Nyquist speed analog-to-digital converters. However, SNS demands additional signal processing algorithms for spectrum reconstruction, such as the well-known orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. OMP is also widely used in other compressed sensing applications. The first contribution of this work is efficiently mapping the OMP algorithm on the Zynq system-on-chip (ZSoC) consisting of an ARM processor and FPGA. Experimental analysis shows a significant degradation in OMP performance for sparse spectrum. Also, OMP needs prior knowledge of spectrum sparsity. We address these challenges via deep-learning-based architectures and efficiently map them on the ZSoC platform as second contribution. Via hardware-software co-design, different versions of the proposed architecture obtained by partitioning between software (ARM processor) and hardware (FPGA) are considered. The resource, power, and execution time comparisons for given memory constraints and a wide range of word lengths are presented for these architectures.
Improving Radiation Pattern of Low profile Ultrawideband Omnidirectional Antennas
Authors: Li Guang
Published: August 2022

The pattern nulls of low profile ultrawideband (UWB) omnidirectional antennas in the main beam region cause the performance degradation of UWB wireless communication system in the null directions. In order to achieve ultrawide pattern bandwidth, a method to improve the radiation pattern of low profile UWB omnidirectional antennas is proposed in this letter. The mathematical operation of improving the radiation pattern is derived. A low profile UWB discone antenna is designed as a representative of the low profile UWB omnidirectional antennas, and the pattern characteristic is investigated. Then, the effects of the sleeves and modified cone on the antenna pattern and input impedance are analyzed using microwave simulation software. The results show that the pattern bandwidth is increased from 6.5:1 to 11.4:1. In the operating band, the pattern nulls along the entire phi plane are eliminated, and the minimum value of the pattern nulls is optimized from -35.0 to -12.4 dB. The corresponding gain exceeds 0.2 dBi in the main beam region of the theta direction 30° to 90°. The optimization is based on a constant volume of 0.774 ka. Finally, an antenna prototype is fabricated and the measurement results are consistent with the simulation results, verifying the validity of the method 
RF Fingerprinting Needs Attention: Multi-task Approach for Real-World WiFi and Bluetooth
Authors: Jagannath Anu , Kane Zackary , Jagannath Jithin
Published: August 2022

A novel cross-domain attentional multi-task architecture - xDom - for robust real-world wireless radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting is presented in this work.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such comprehensive attention mechanism is applied to solve RF fingerprinting problem. In this paper, we resort to real-world IoT WiFi and Bluetooth (BT) emissions (instead of synthetic waveform generation) in a rich multipath and unavoidable interference environment in an indoor experimental testbed. We show the impact of the time-frame of capture by including waveforms collected over a span of months and demonstrate the same time-frame and multiple time-frame fingerprinting evaluations. The effectiveness of resorting to a multi-task architecture is also experimentally proven by conducting single-task and multi-task model analyses. Finally, we demonstrate the significant gain in performance achieved with the proposed xDom architecture by benchmarking against a well-known state-of-the-art model for fingerprinting. Specifically, we report performance improvements by up to 59.3 % and 4.91x under single-task WiFi and BT fingerprinting respectively, and up to 50.5 % increase in fingerprinting accuracy under the multi-task setting.
A compact frequency reconfigurable beam-switching antenna based on a single-layer FSS
Authors: Li Guang
Published: August 2022

In this letter, a compact frequency reconfigurable beam-switching antenna based on a single-layer frequency selective face (FSS) is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a dual-band omnidirectional antenna and a hexagonal single-layer FSS. The dual-band omnidirectional antenna is designed as a radiation source and surrounded by the FSS. Each FSS unit consists of two crossed patches and diodes. Frequency reconfigurable characteristics at 2.4 or 5 GHz are achieved by switching the states of the diodes on the single-layer FSS. With specific combinations of FSS units, the omnidirectional radiation patterns can be transformed into directional ones scanning along the entire azimuth plane. To validate the design, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed single-layer FSS antenna can perform a 12-step scan along the azimuth plane at 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively 
Neuromorphic Deep Spiking Neural Networks for Seizure Detection
Authors: Yang Yikai , Eshraghian Jason , Truong Nhan Duy , Nikpour Armin , Kavehei Omid
Published: August 2022

There are a total of three publicly accessible datasets used, including the Boston Children’s Hospital–MIT (CHB-MIT) dataset from the U.S. and the Freiburg (FB) and EPILEPSIAE intracranial EEG (iEEG) datasets from Germany. 
Non-Terrestrial Networks with UAVs:A Projection on Flying Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Nemati Mahyar , Al Homssi Bassel , Krishnan Sivaram , Park Jihong , Loke Seng , Choi Jinho
Published: August 2022

This article is under review and upon acceptance: Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a request to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. (Copyright (c) 2015 IEEE.) 
Fairness Based Energy-Efficient 3D Path Planning of a Portable Access Point: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Babu Nithin , Donevski Igor , Valcarce Alvaro , Popovski Petar , Nielsen Jimmy Jessen , Papadias Constantinos B.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we optimize the 3D trajectory of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based portable access point (PAP) that provides wireless services to a set of ground nodes (GNs).  Moreover, as per the Peukert effect, we consider pragmatic non-linear battery discharge for UAV’s battery. Thus, we formulate the problem in a novel manner that represents the maximization of a fairness-based energy efficiency metric and is named fair energy efficiency (FEE). The FEE metric defines a system that lays importance on both the per-user service fairness and the PAP’s energy efficiency. The formulated problem takes the form of a non-convex problem with non-tractable constraints. To obtain a solution we represent the problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) with continuous state and action spaces. Considering the complexity of the solution space, we use the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) actor-critic deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework to learn a policy that maximizes the FEE of the system. We perform two types of RL training to exhibit the effectiveness of our approach: the first (offline) approach keeps the positions of the GNs the same throughout the training phase; the second approach generalizes the learned policy to any arrangement of GNs by changing the positions of GNs after each training episode. Numerical evaluations show that neglecting the Peukert effect overestimates the air-time of the PAP and can be addressed by optimally selecting the PAP's flying speed. Moreover, the user fairness, energy efficiency, and hence the FEE value of the system can be improved by efficiently moving the PAP above the GNs. \color{black}As such, we notice massive FEE improvements over baseline scenarios of up to 88.31%, 272.34%, and 318.13% for suburban, urban, and dense urban environments, respectively.
Coordinated Per-Antenna Power Minimization for Multicell Massive MIMO Systems with Low-Resolution Data Converters
Authors: Cho Yunseong , Choi Jinseok , Evans Brian
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate multicell-coordinated beamforming for large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communications with low-resolution data converters. In particular, we seek to minimize the total transmit power of the network under received signal-to-quantization-plus-interference-and-noise ratio constraints while minimizing per-antenna transmit power. Our primary contributions are (1) formulating the quantized downlink (DL) OFDM antenna power minimax problem and deriving its associated dual problem, (2) showing strong duality and interpreting the dual as a virtual quantized uplink (UL) OFDM problem, and (3) developing an iterative minimax algorithm to identify a feasible solution based on the dual problem with performance validation through simulations. Specifically, the dual problem requires joint optimization of virtual UL transmit power and noise covariance matrices. To solve the problem, we first derive the optimal dual solution of the UL problem for given noise covariance matrices. Then, we use the solution to compute the associated DL beamformer. Subsequently, using the DL beamformer we update the UL noise covariance   matrices via subgradient projection. Finally, we propose an iterative algorithm by repeating the steps for optimizing DL beamformers. Simulations validate the proposed algorithm in terms of the maximum antenna transmit power and peak-to-average-power ratio.
CyberTOMP: A novel systematic framework to manage asset-focused cybersecurity from tactical and operational levels
Authors: Domínguez-Dorado Manuel , Carmona-Murilo Javier , Cortés-Polo David , Rodríguez-Pérez Francisco J.
Published: August 2022

Currently different reference  models are used to manage cybersecurity, although practically none are  applicable “as is” to lower levels as they do not detail specific  procedural aspects for them. However, they urge organizations to develop  a methodological foundation to manage cybersecurity at those levels.  Although they allow organizations to adhere to a recognized standard at  the strategic level, this advantage vanishes when organizations must  define specific low-level procedures, allowing the appearance of  inconsistency at tactical and operational levels between departments of  the same organization or between organizations. The design of these  elements with the required holism and homogeneity is difficult, and this  is why generic processes focused on getting certified regarding a  standard are usually originated, but they are insufficient to obtain  effective cybersecurity because they are not focused on dealing with  real cyber threats. Because of the great responsibility of lower levels  to achieve effective cybersecurity, this lack of methodological  definition makes it difficult to adapt cybersecurity to the highly  dynamic cyber context with the required holism and strategic alignment.  Our proposal provides CyberTOMP, a process for managing cybersecurity at  lower levels, as well as a set of methodological elements that support  it. The novelty of these contributions is that they complement the  strategic standard selected by the organization, providing it with a set  of procedural elements ready to be used out of the box, contributing  those aspects required by high-level frameworks to manage cybersecurity  at lower levels, for which there is no alternative with a managerial  approach.
Review of Deep Learning Methods for Individual Treatment Effect Estimation with Automatic Hyperparameter Optimization
Authors: Buchwald Marcus , Sirazitdinov Andrei , Hesser Jürgen , Heuveline Vincent
Published: August 2022

Abstract—Estimation of individual treatment effect (ITE) for

different types of treatment is a common challenge in therapy assessments, clinical trials and diagnosis. Deep learning methods, namely representation based, adversarial, and variational, have shown promising potential in ITE estimation. However, it was unclear whether the hyperparameters of the originally proposed methods were well optimized for different benchmark datasets. To solve these problems, we created a public code library containing representation-based, adversarial, and variational methods written in TensorFlow. In order to have a broader collection of ITE estimation methods, we have also included neural network based meta-learners. The code library is made accessible for reproducibility and facilitating future works in the field of causal inference. Our results demonstrate that performance of most methods can be improved using automatic hyperparameter optimization. Additionally, we review the methods and compare the performance of the optimized models from our library on publicly available datasets. The potential of hyperparameter optimization may encourage researchers to focus on this aspect when creating new methods for inferring individual treatment effect.
Intuitive Understanding of P-NP Problem: With Extension of the Continuum Hypothesis And Halting Problem
Authors: Yoon Jihyeon
Published: August 2022

P-NP problem turns out to be undecidable in an extended context of Continuum Hypothesis and Halting Problem.