bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Padamarang Magnesite under Calcination and Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Yuniati Mutia Dewi , Wawuru Feronika Cinthya Mawarni Putri , Mursito Anggoro Tri , Setiawan Iwan , Lintjewas Lediyantje
Published: January 2020

Magnesite (MgCO3) is the main source for production of magnesium and its compound. In Indonesia, magnesite is quite rare and can be only found in limited amount in Padamarang Island, Southeast Sulawesi Provence. Thus the properties of magnesite and the reactivity degree of the obtained product are of technological importance. The aim of this work was to analyze the characteristics of Padamarang magnesite under calcination and hydrothermal treatment processes. The processes were carried out at various temperatures with range of 150-900°C for 30 minutes. The solids were characterized with respect to their chemical and physical properties by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM image indicates that magnesite was formed from thin and flat hexagon sheets. The FTIR and XRD analysis disclose that MgO formed at temperature above 300°C, where as the magnesite sample also lost its mass around 50%. These results demonstrate that Padamarang magnesite decomposes to magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature.Magnesit (MgCO3) merupakan sumber utama untuk produksi magnesium dan senyawa-senyawanya. Di Indonesia, magnesit cukup jarang dan hanya dapat ditemukan dalam jumlah yang terbatas di Pulau Padamarang, Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Oleh karena itu sifat magnesit dan derajat reaktivitas dari produk-produk magnesit penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik magnesit Padamarang dengan perlakuan kalsinasi dan hidrothermal.  Proses dilakukan pada temperatur yang bervariasi dari 150-900°C selama 30 menit. Sifat kimia dan fisika dari magnesit dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan scanning electron microscopy dengan energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dan X-ray diffraction (XRD). Gambar dari analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa magnesit terbentuk dari lembaran-lembaran heksagonal yang tipis dan datar. Hasil analisis dengan FTIR dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa MgO terbentuk pada temperatur diatas 300°C, dimana sampel magnesit juga kehilangan massanya sekitar 50% pada suhu tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Magnesit Padamarang terdekomposisi menjadi magnesium oksida dan karbon dioksida pada temperatur tinggi.
Modos de viver, partilhar e construir experiências na Pedagogia Griô
Authors: Pereira Luciana de Araújo , Mota Charles Maycon deAlmeida , Silva Fabrício Oliveira da
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho aborda a oralidade como princípio educativo da Pedagogia Griô a partir das memórias da comunidade quilombola Remanso/BA. Tem como objetivo central analisar, nas narrativas dos protagonistas da Trilha Griô do Quilombo, à luz das práticas e eventos de letramento, a importância da tradição oral para a manutenção da memória coletiva e da identidade do grupo. Memória, identidade e tradição oral de ensinamentos emergem como categorias principais que dão contorno às discussões sobre a Pedagogia Griô.  É um estudo que se fundamenta nos princípios da pesquisa qualitativa por revelar modos de viver, partilhar, narrar e construir sentidos para as experiências vividas e memoralizadas por uma comunidade. Nesta seara, as entrevistas foram elementos fundantes para que se pudesse revelar saberes e práticas orais como forma de ensinamentos entre sujeitos de diferentes gerações. Entre alguns resultados, o trabalho permitiu concluir que ouvir os mais velhos e reconhecê-los como fonte de memória é cuidar da própria história da comunidade. É uma forma de usar a oralidade para valorizar aqueles que formaram este povo que tem orgulho de suas conquistas, e que por este feito constroem uma Pedagogia Griô, que tem na oralidade seu fundamento basilar. Conclui-se, ainda, que a escola é o lócus principal para se adquirir conhecimento na comunidade, mas para isso ela não deve se distanciar da cultura local, das suas tradições, da maneira da comunidade pensar e de suas práticas, uma vez que, tradição cultural ainda resiste no cotidiano destas populações.
Affordances da formação de professores de línguas na era digital
Authors: Finardi Kyria Rebeca , Hildeblando Junior Carlos Alberto , Guimarães Felipe Furtado
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre affordances na formação de professores de línguas adicionais (L2) na era digital. Com esse objetivo, algumas intervenções pedagógicas foram realizadas na disciplina de “Estágio Supervisionado” do curso de Licenciatura em Letras Inglês de uma universidade federal do Sudeste brasileiro, a fim de ilustrar e embasar essa reflexão por meio de dados empíricos das percepções de professores de inglês em formação. O arcabouço teórico se baseia na noção de affordance em relação aos efeitos da globalização com suas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) na formação de professores de L2 na era digital, com a ampliação da interculturalidade por meio de abordagens híbridas como a CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) e Intercompreensão. Os dados foram gerados por meio de observação participante e entrevistas com os professores formadores e em formação, e incluem: 1) discussões de textos sobre ensino de idiomas, interculturalidade e uso de tecnologias na educação; 2) reuniões virtuais em formato COIL, com professores em formação, matriculados na disciplina de estágio supervisionado na universidade no Brasil e na Universidade Alberto Hurtado, no Chile; 3) sessões de reflexão; e 4) entrevistas com os participantes. A análise sugere que as TICs e abordagens como a CLIL, COIL e Intercompreensão propiciam affordances para uma prática mais inclusiva (alcançando pessoas desfavorecidas financeiramente por meio da internet); multilíngue (por meio da inclusão de outras línguas além do inglês); e intercultural, permitindo contato e aprendizado entre culturas e línguas diferentes.
Potencialidades da ferramenta Google My Maps para o ensino de geografia em Portugal
Authors: Martins Junior Luiz , Martins Rosa Elisabete Militz Wypyczynski , Frozza Marcia Vidal Candido
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo é um desdobramento de uma pesquisa de doutorado sobre a temática tecnologias digitais, concentrada na utilização da ferramenta Google My Maps no ensino de Geografia que se efetivou em uma prática que teve como foco a construção de mapas sobre a cartografia de Portugal, concebida numa perspectiva de investigação qualitativa de natureza colaborativa, envolvendo vinte e oitos estudantes do ensino secundário de uma escola pública de Carcavelos – Portugal, em 2018. Em linhas gerais, a organização desta prática indicou que esta ferramenta tem um bom potencial didático e apresenta versatilidade de uso para desenvolver as noções principais da cartografia escolar e conteúdos sobre a Geografia de Portugal. Ademais, ficou evidenciada a importância do uso das tecnologias no contexto escolar que potencializa o uso de novas linguagens e abordagens para ensinar e aprender Geografia.
cultura visual e a técnica em imagens produzidas por estudantes de cursos de licenciatura
Authors: Gouvêa Guaracira
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que tinha como objetivo problematizar como estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura de uma IFES (Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior) representam a técnica e a tecnologia, constitutivas da cultura visual, em imagens por eles produzidas. Organizou-se oficinas de produção de imagens. Abordou-se os seguintes conceitos: cultura visual; imagem; técnica e tecnologia. Participaram das oficinas 105 estudantes (52 duplas), que produziram 65 fotografias a partir da escolha de fenômenos no entorno da universidade. Quando as duplas voltavam, respondiam às questões: fenômeno escolhido (justificar a escolha); tem técnica nessa imagem? (justificar resposta); tem tecnologia nessa imagem? (justificar a resposta). Depois projetou-se as fotos e discutiu-se os conceitos de cultura visual, técnica e tecnologia. A análise das respostas escritas dos estudantes indicou que ao escolherem e justificarem os fenômenos eram detentores de uma cultura visual “pautada na visualidade, pela tendência de figurar ou visualizar a existência”. A maioria dos estudantes compreendeu a técnica como meio para se obter um fim, confundiu a tecnologia com o aparato técnico, e não criticou a técnica nem a tecnologia. Todos os estudantes demonstraram ter familiaridade com o artefato “técnico celular”, mas não criticaram esse uso. Os artefatos contemporâneos, particularmente o celular, estão tão inseridos no cotidiano, que se torna difícil estranhá-los, pois há um sistema simbólico, fundamentado na racionalidade técnica, tão arraigado em ações cotidianas, que é difícil estranhar o familiar. Por isso não se problematiza a técnica e nem a tecnologia, ambas produtoras da cultura visual.
Interações, teorias e a massificação: estudo de caso da implantação de sala master em EaD
Authors: Munhoz Antonio Siemsens , Machado Dinamara Pereira
Published: January 2020

A presente pesquisa apresenta os resultados sobre a implantação e desenvolvimento da sala máster virtual que tem por sustentação os seguintes pilares: (i) educação a distância (EaD) e os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA); (ii) grande número de alunos e de diversos cursos, caracterizando o contexto como uma sala máster, com as complexidades que essa situação comete para interação e acompanhamento aos alunos; (iii) as práticas pedagógicas oriundas da andragogia e heutagogia. A metodologia utilizada para esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso, com objetivo de justapor a transferibilidade do que foi encontrado para outras salas da mesma natureza em cursos EaD. Foi estruturado um plano de pesquisa envolvendo os professores, os dados coletados das interações e a identificação das práticas pedagógicas. O cenário da pesquisa foi uma instituição privada, de grande número de alunos, que atua na EaD. O acompanhamento dos alunos e professores na sala máster ocorreu num período de quatorze semanas, tempo este de duração de determinada disciplina. As conclusões da pesquisa direcionam que as interações entre os atores educacionais acontecem somente com intervenção dos professores, que os alunos preferem estudar pelo material escrito, apesar de constar outros materiais, e que a carga horária de professores para quebrar esta cultural educacional da passividade precisa ser dialogada dentro da instituição de ensino, além da formação de professores para atuar no contexto de sala máster em curso EaD, e a implicações operacionais do AVA.
THE INFLUENCE OF BASALT MINERALS AS CEMENT SUBSTITUTION MATERIALS IN MORTAR
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Birawidha David Candra , Isnugroho Kusno , Hendronursito Yusup , Sumardi Slamet , Ario Septa , Syafriadi Syafriadi , Al-Muttaqii Muhammad
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the concentration of basalt as a cement substitution material in mortar. Basalt was analysed by XRD and XRF. From the XRD results, the diffractogram shows the dominant phases, such as anorthite, augite, forsterite, and quartz or silicon oxide. SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 are the main components in basalt, as can be seen from the XRF. With the concentration at 5% of the basalt before the calcination, the optimum compressive strength of the OPC and PCC cement mortar was obtained. The highest compressive strength of the OPC cement mortar was 24.97MPa with a porosity of 2.4% and absorption of 1.29 %. Furthermore, the highest compressive strength of the PCC cement mortar was 22.55MPa with a porosity of 4.8% and absorption of 2.52 %. This result indicates that the substitution of composite cement with a basalt with a concentration of 5% can increase the compressive strength of the mortar.
APPLICABILITY VERIFICATION OF AUTOFORM SOFTWARE FOR FEM SIMULATION OF MECHANICAL FIXATION OF HEMMED JOINTS
Authors: Chrášťanský Lukáš , Šanovec Jan , Martawirya Yatna Yuwana , Valeš Michal
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the problematics of fixation of hemmed joints, especially with one specific mechanical method how to ensure a dimensional stability of a hemmed joint of car-body parts, such as doors, bonnet and trunk lid, during the production process in the automotive industry. It also evaluates simulations and verify the possibility of the use of the Autoform software for this problematics. In the paper, the possibility of using the law of similarity in the analysis of the compressibility of small parts by Autoform is described.
Seele und Seelsorge. Eine emergenztheoretische Reformulierung des Seelenbegriffs
Authors: Eichener Elis
Published: January 2020

The term »soul« is widely criticized, particularly due to its legacy of substance dualism. Nonetheless, Pastoral Care (in German: Seelsorge = »care of souls«) cannot abandon the notion of soul. However, the resulting problems can be solved by recent approaches in the philosophy of mind. A concept of soul beyond dualism is possible. This article will apply emergentism to leave behind substance thinking and to define a holistic term of soul. Pastoral Care will be specified as a »care of souls« in both anthropological and theological respect.
Building Resilience through Collective Engagement
Authors: Esteban Theresa Audrey O.
Published: January 2020

The basic premise of this study is that the collective engagement of the citizens in a disaster-prone city helps transform their city to become resilient. Many urban managers encourage citizen participation by providing a venue for citizens to engage in public issues, including those of city planning and management. Citizen participation is important in building a cohesive community, empowering its citizens, and enhancing their sense of ownership of their community and city as a whole. The research underscores that collective engagement and action have an influence in the transformation of a city. The study will use the concept of resilience in the socio-ecological systems context to build a conceptual framework on the transformation process. Cities are ecological systems with both natural- and built-environment characteristics. Cities are complex multidimensional systems with both the social (human) and the ecological (natural and built environments) tied together. The changing landscape and continuous exposure to disturbances put pressure on the social and ecological systems of a city. The paper discusses collective engagement as a systemic process for how a disaster-prone city transforms itself to become disaster resilient. Using the concept of panarchy as a process of adaptation and transformation, the paper will build a conceptual framework that highlights collectiveness as a way to become resilient. The paper underscores that collective engagement and action have an influence in the transformation of a city.
Judicialização de Políticas Públicas e a Concretização de Direitos Fundamentais
Authors: Silva Thiago Henrique Costa , Jordão Luciana Ramos , Carvalho Josiane
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar a judicialização das políticas públicas considerando o controle feito pelo judiciário em casos que envolvem a proteção de direitos fundamentais. Observa-se o acesso aos direitos fundamentais e sociais pelas intervenções do Judiciário no Executivo e Legislativo e os conflitos oriundos desse ativismo. Para tanto, verifica-se a teoria do mínimo possível, em contraponto com a reserva do financeiramente possível, e o seu respaldo jurisdicional para a satisfação dos direitos constitucionais. Da análise das decisões judiciais que envolvem o direito à saúde e educação, busca-se verificar a promoção da equidade e da justiça social, tal como o respeito à separação dos poderes, de modo que a constituição cidadã brasileira seja respeitada. Como opção metodológica, adota-se a pesquisa bibliográfia e a análise de casos, observados pelo método dedutivo de interpretação.
Justiça Socioambiental e Direitos Humanos
Authors: Rezende Martins Fernanda
Published: January 2020

A presente resenha busca ressaltar os pontos principais da obra de Eliane Cristina Pinto Moreira. A promotora de justiça, por meio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), buscou apresentar a importância em se reconhecer um espaço jurídico e político de afirmação dos povos e comunidades tradicionais como atores da justiça socioambiental. Para desenvolver essa análise, uma reflexão sobre o lugar da Justiça Socioambiental no debate sobre os Direitos Humanos é apresentada, em especial no que tange ao Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH). Isso porque a obra se utiliza de casos que passaram pela Corte Interamericana (CIDH) que abordam, de forma superficial ou aprofundada, questões de direitos socioambientais, com enfoque aos territórios coletivos. Percebeu-se que com a Justiça Socioambiental o caráter pluriétnico dos direitos coletivos relacionados ao meio ambiente vem ganhando espaço. Ao mesmo tempo, é cada vez mais notável a importância da CIDH como veículo de proteção dos direitos coletivos, delineando-se paulatinamente como um sistema que reconhece o caráter pluriétnico e multicultural das Américas. Por fim, a presente resenha busca ressaltar a ideia principal da obra, qual seja, o fato de que o ativismo indígena abriu as portas do SIDH para a postulação de outros grupos. Esse resultado representa um novo lugar de defesa de direitos coletivos, uma nova jurisprudência a ser acessada em defesa dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais.
Juan Hipólito Yrigoyen y Alem (1850–1933)
Authors: Timmermann Andreas
Published: January 2020

This paper intends demonstrate to what extent Krausism, doctrine named after the German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832), influenced Juan Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian politician and two-time president (1916-1922 and 1928-1930) to challenge tradition and advocate for a new international law, Pan Americanism, linked to the the idea of the right to share the Earth and one humanity, thus, inspiring him to pursue a different path in the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles and at the League of Nations after the First World War.
Aplicação do Princípio da Insignificância em Matéria Socioeducativa
Authors: De Moraes Franco Vinícius , De Moura Soares Piloni Vládia Maria
Published: January 2020

Este artigo busca analisar o princípio da insignificância e sua aplicação em matéria socioeducativa sob o ponto de vista doutrinário e jurisprudencial. Depois de uma abordagem preliminar desse postulado quanto ao surgimento, natureza, requisitos e sua relação com os princípios de Direito Penal, delinear-se-á o Direito da Criança e do Adolescente e a matéria socioeducativa. O desenvolvimento evolui para a análise do arquétipo jurisprudencial e doutrinário nacional sobre o tema, especialmente sob o enfoque da natureza da medida socioeducativa e do melhor interesse do adolescente. Ao final, problematiza-se de forma comparativa os precedentes do Tribunal de Justiça de Mato Grosso.
Autonomia Privada Coletiva como Instrumento de Violação dos Direitos Fundamentais Sociais dos Trabalhadores, de Graziela Colombari
Authors: Wasem Galia Rodrigo
Published: January 2020

A obra "Autonomia Privada Coletiva como Instrumento de Violação dos Direitos Fundamentais Sociais dos Trabalhadores", de autoria de Graziela Colombari, é obra de suma importância no atual cenário brasileiro de precarização das relações de trabalho após a Reforma Trabalhista operada pela Lei nº 13.467/2017, em que o negociado prevalece sobre o legislado, a teor do art. 611-A da CLT. A obra, nesse sentido, analisa a fundo a autonomia privada coletiva, reconhecida na Constituição Federal em seu artigo 7º, XXVI, como instrumento de violação dos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores.
Consolidação da Cooperação no Cenário Internacional
Authors: Caneparo dos Anjos Priscila
Published: January 2020

O Estado, desde seus primórdios, pautou o desenvolvimento de seus institutos nos objetivos comuns da sociedade. Com o desenrolar dos tempos, a figura estatal se flexibilizou para melhor atender aos anseios societários relativos à dignidade da pessoa humana. Neste entrecho, a ordem interna não mais apreendeu o domínio reservado da tutela dos direitos, suportando, subsidiariamente, a jurisdição internacional por intermédio do compartilhamento da soberania estatal. Assim despontam as organizações e as cortes internacionais, bem como a interligação entre os Estados por aportes cooperacionais. Nessa perspectiva, tendo em mente a indispensabilidade da ordem jurídica estatal na fundamentação da cooperação internacional, o objetivo do estudo aqui apresentado repousa em vias principiológicas e teóricas de caminhos consolidatórios desta última, para que haja uma conexão harmonizada entre os Estados através de canais cooperativos subsista nesta nova ordem global.
Language attitudes among Esperanto speakers
Authors: Stria Ida
Published: January 2020

Esperanto is a planned international auxiliary language, constructed by L.L. Zamenhof and published in 1887. Although created to facilitate international communication, it has become a tool of self-identification. This paper aims to describe language attitudes formed in the Esperanto speech community and to demonstrate that these attitudes shape the community.
Polityka językowa Nowego Brunszwiku
Authors: Żelazny Walter
Published: January 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zobrazowanie awansu francuszczyzny w kanadyjskiej prowincji Nowy Brunszwik. W latach 1850-60 deportowano większość francuskojęzycznych mieszkańców i zdecydowano, że prowincja powinna stać się anglojęzyczna, a przede wszystkim protestancka. Obecnie prowincje Kanady mogą prowadzić własną politykę językową, pod warunkiem, że jest zgodna z federalną urzędową dwujęzycznością. W 1976 Quebec wprowadził własną, sprzeczną z konstytucją Kanady, politykę językową znaną pod nazwą Loi 101, proklamując francuski jako jedyny oficjalny język. Pomimo faktu, że prowincja w bardzo dużym stopniu zawdzięczała utrzymanie „francuskości” Kościołowi katolickiemu, w czasie tej tak zwanej Révolution tranquille prowincja zlaicyzowała się. Nowy Brunszwik także proklamował dwujęzyczność prowincji głównie dzięki katolickim działaczom politycznym. Mimo to, religia praktycznie zniknęła z życia politycznego, a na plan pierwszy wysunęła się polityka językowa oraz wielokulturowość. To najważniejsze cechy, które odróżniają Kanadę od Stanów Zjednoczonych, co tłumaczy złożony charakter kanadyjskiej polityki językowej bazującej na równości prawnej, urzędowej, narodowej i kulturowej francuskiego i angielskiego na szczeblu federalnym, ale także udane i nieudane próby wprowadzania tej zasady w kanadyjskich prowincjach.
Wolapik jako język sukcesu w świetle wybranych polskich podręczników z lat 80. XIX wieku
Authors: Kotlarska Irmina
Published: January 2020

Przedmiotem zainteresowania w artykule są polskie materiały do nauki języka wolapik wydane w latach 80. XIX wieku. Zakłada się, że poddane analizie teksty ilustrują sposób językowego zachowania w tzw. społecznych sytuacjach edukacyjnych (dyskurs edukacyjny) w przeszłości. Szczegółowym celem analiz jest wskazanie językowych zabiegów użytych przez autorów wyżej wymienionych publikacji z intencją nakłonienia innych do nauki i używania języka wolapik. Obserwacji stylistyczno-pragmatycznej poddane zostały przykłady argumentacji emocjonalnej i racjonalnej, systemowe i retoryczne środki perswazji stosowane przez autorów. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwalają stwierdzić, że w materiałach do nauki języki wolapik obok transferu wiedzy dokonuje się proces kształtowania pozytywnej postawy wobec idei używania języka międzynarodowego.
Kiel krei fidindan Esperanto-vortaron?
Authors: Cramer Marcos
Published: January 2020

(Jak stworzyć wiarygodny słownik esperanta?). Wielu z najbardziej kompetentnych językowo esperantystów uważa, że żaden z dwóch dominujących słowników (PIV i ReVo) nie jest w pełni godny zaufania, a zaawansowani uczniowie muszą ostrożnie z nich korzystać. Jednocześnie osoby uczące się języka esperanto często szukają porad na forach internetowych, takich jak Lingva Konsultejo na Facebooku lub na dwujęzycznym (angielskim/esperanckim) forum Esperanto Language StackExchange. Tam językowo kompetentni użytkownicy esperanta udzielają wskazówek dotyczących użycia językowego, które są często bardziej przydatne niż informacje, które znaleźć można w dominujących słownikach. W niniejszym artykule proponuję Forumo-Vortaro, platformę internetową, która ma na celu opracowanie treści PIV i/lub ReVo w systemie typu wiki, który zawierałby forum do omawiania konkretnych zagadnień językowych, i który systematycznie nadawałby większą wagę opiniom i propozycjom zmian pochodzącym od kompetentnych językowo osób niżtym pochodzącym od osób mniej kompetentnych.
Minocycline attenuates experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Li Jingbo , Chen Shuda , Fan Jing , Zhang Gao , Ren Reng
Published: January 2020

Backgroud

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of minocycline on treating experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats and to explore its possible molecular mechanism.

Methods

SAH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by endovascular perforation. The rats were treated with minocycline (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) or saline at 2 hand 12 h post SAH. Neurological function, cerebral hemorrhage, and edema were scored at 48 h post SAH. Cell death and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) expression were observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Results

Treatment with a highdose of minocycline significantly improved the neurological function score, and attenuated cerebral hemorrhage and edema. Low-dose minocycline could reduce hemorrhage, but the effect on neurological deficits and brain edema was not obvious. Minocycline treatment could alleviate neuronal apoptosis in the PFC, which was related to reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines. Immunofluorescence showed that P2X4R on microglia was activated after SAH. Minocycline treatment inhibited P2X4R activation and further suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream p38 MAPK.

Conclusions

Minocycline plays a neuroprotective role by attenuating early brain injury after experimental SAH. The therapeutic mechanism of minocycline may be mediated by the inhibition of P2X4R on microglia.
RHOA and mDia1 promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells via a high dose of doxorubicin treatment
Authors: Bober Peter , Alexovič Michal , Tomková Zuzana , Kilík Róbert , Sabo Ján
Published: January 2020

Background

Transforming RhoA proteins (RHOA) and their downstream Diaphanous homolog 1 proteins (DIAPH1) or mDia1 participate in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton which plays critical role in cells, i.e., morphologic changes and apoptosis.

Methodology

To determine the cell viability the real time cell analysis (RTCA) and flow cytometry were used. To perform proteomic analysis, the label-free quantitative method and post-translation modification by the nano-HPLC and ESI-MS ion trap mass analyser were used.

Results

The results of the cell viability showed an increase of dead cells (around 30 %) in MCF-7/DOX-1 (i.e., 1μM of doxorubicin was added to MCF-7/WT breast cancer cell line) compared to MCF-7/WT (control) after 24 h doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. The signalling pathway of the Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (p<0.0026) was determined, where RHOA and mDia1 proteins were up-regulated. Also, post-translational modification analysis of these proteins in MCF-7/DOX-1 cells revealed dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton, specifically the collapse of actin stress fibbers due to phosphorylation of RHOA at serine 188 and mDia1 at serine 22, resulting in their deactivation and cell apoptosis.

Conclusion

These results pointed to an assumed role of DOX to dysregulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell death.
An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part I: factors impacting limit of quantitation of serum protein electrophoresis
Authors: Turner Katherine A. , Frinack Jody L. , Ettore Michael W. , Tate Jillian R. , Graziani Maria Stella , Jacobs Joannes F.M. , Booth Ronald A. , McCudden Christopher R. , Keren David F. , Delgado Julio C. , Zemtsovskaja Galina , Fullinfaw Robert O. , Caldini Anna , de Malmanche Theo , Katakouzinos Katina , Burke Matthew , Palladini Giovanni , Altinier Sara , Zaninotto Martina , Righetti Gabriella , Melki Marie Therese , Bell Stephen , Willrich Maria Alice Vieira
Published: January 2020

Background

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is used to quantify the serum monoclonal component or M-protein, for diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies. Significant imprecision and inaccuracy pose challenges in reporting small M-proteins. Using therapeutic monoclonal antibody-spiked sera and a pooled beta-migrating M-protein, we aimed to assess SPEP limitations and variability across 16 laboratories in three continents.

Methods

Sera with normal, hypo- or hypergammaglobulinemia were spiked with daratumumab, Dara (cathodal migrating), or elotuzumab, Elo (central-gamma migrating), with concentrations from 0.125 to 10 g/L (n = 62) along with a beta-migrating sample (n = 9). Provided with total protein (reverse biuret, Siemens), laboratories blindly analyzed samples according to their SPEP and immunofixation (IFE) or immunosubtraction (ISUB) standard operating procedures. Sixteen laboratories reported the perpendicular drop (PD) method of gating the M-protein, while 10 used tangent skimming (TS). A mean percent recovery range of 80%–120% was set as acceptable. The inter-laboratory %CV was calculated.

Results

Gamma globulin background, migration pattern and concentration all affect the precision and accuracy of quantifying M-proteins by SPEP. As the background increases, imprecision increases and accuracy decreases leading to overestimation of M-protein quantitation especially evident in hypergamma samples, and more prominent with PD. Cathodal migrating M-proteins were associated with less imprecision and higher accuracy compared to central-gamma migrating M-proteins, which is attributed to the increased gamma background contribution in M-proteins migrating in the middle of the gamma fraction. There is greater imprecision and loss of accuracy at lower M-protein concentrations.

Conclusions

This study suggests that quantifying exceedingly low concentrations of M-proteins, although possible, may not yield adequate accuracy and precision between laboratories.
The Effectiveness of Reinforcement and Processing on Mechanical Properties, Wear Behavior and Damping Response of Aluminum Matrix Composites
Authors: Rozhbiany Fakhir Aziz Rasul , Jalal Shawnim Rashied
Published: January 2020

Metal matrix composites are an essential product used in engineering materials. This product has wide applications in automotive, aerospace, and other uses because of their lower density, good specific strength, best machinability, and better mechanical properties compared to Al 6063 alloy. In this paper, four different reinforced such as (MA), (MCA), (NFC) and (SA) with a constant rate of 5 wt.% for each reinforced element used and mixed with Al 6063 alloy as a metal matrix composite by using modified two-step mechanical stirrer and having three blades at each step. Coated carbide tool insert was carrying out the turning process. Surface roughness measured after turning of every change in cutting speed. Average chip length and its shape style formation performed within cutting speeds of 10 and 90 m/min, which appears in different length and shapes. Mechanical properties, damping characteristics, and wear loss improved dramatically by adding all reinforced composites to the base Al 6063 alloys. As the results of experiments, the surface roughness decreased by adding all four types of reinforcements. The mechanical properties, wear loss and damping characteristics improved by the constituents of all kinds of reinforcements and also by mixing of all types of constituents together. The effects of MA and NFC are more compared to MCA and SA for improving all conditions of experimental results. Microstructure observation produces compact grain boundaries with strong grains of metal matrix composites compared to Al 6063 alloys.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Grape Pomace
Authors: da Rocha Cassiano Brown , Noreña Caciano Pelayo Zapata
Published: January 2020

The grape pomace is a by-product from the industrial processing of grape juice, which can be used as a source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to separate the phenolic compounds from grape pomace using an acidic aqueous solution with 2 % citric acid as a solvent, using both ultrasound-assisted extraction, with powers of 250, 350 and 450 W and times of 5, 10 and 15 min, and microwave-assisted extraction using powers of 600, 800 and 1,000 W and times of 5, 7 and 10 min. The results showed that for both methods of extraction, the contents of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH increased with time, and microwave at 1,000 W for 10 min corresponded to the best extraction condition. However, the contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were lower than exhaustive extraction using acidified methanol solution.
Influence of Potato Flour on Dough and Steamed Bread Quality and Correlation Analysis
Authors: Sun Hongrui , Liu Xiangying , Tian Zhigang , Fan Jieying , Meng Yue , Nan Xiping , Yang Zhiqiang , Zeng Xianpeng , Kang Lining
Published: January 2020

Potato offers numerous health benefits that have yet to be utilized by the food industry. To evaluate the use of potato as an ingredient in staple food products, various proportions of potato flour were added to wheat flour (0–50 %) to form potato–wheat flour mixtures. The mixtures were used to make dough and steamed bread that were tested based on several established quality indicators. Specifically, with increasing potato flour proportion above 20 %, dough quality indicators of extensibility, tensile resistance, fermentation volume and fermentation activity exhibited downward trends, with worsening microstructural, while steamed bread exhibited decreasing specific volume, decreasing brightness, worsening textural properties, increasing yellowness and increasing lysine content. However, for dough and steamed bread made from flour mixtures containing 10–20 % potato flour, quality indicators were not significantly different from corresponding control values (100 % wheat flour). Notably, correlation analysis indicated that tensile and fermentative dough properties significantly correlated with resulting steamed bread quality. Therefore, only data measurements for these dough indicators are needed to predict steamed bread quality, in order to reduce testing workload during evaluation of ingredient formulations for steamed bread production.
Ameliorative effect of quercetin, catechin, and taxifolin on rotenone-induced testicular and splenic weight gain and oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Akinmoladun Afolabi C. , Olaniyan Oluwabunmi O. , Famusiwa Courage D. , Josiah Sunday S. , Olaleye M. Tolulope
Published: January 2020

Background

The physiological functions of the testis and spleen can be affected through several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes oxidative stress. This study aimed at investigating the protective effect of catechin, quercetin, and taxifolin in rotenone-induced testicular and splenetic toxicity.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were administered with 1.5 mg/kg rotenone (s.c.) for 10 days followed by post-treatment with catechin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), quercetin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), and taxifolin (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) for 3 days (s.c.), followed by estimation of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory activities, and tissue damage in testes and spleen.

Results

Exposure of rats to rotenone caused reduced body weight gain, increased organ weight, decreased glutathione level and activities of glutathione transferase and superoxide dismutase, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and increased activities of prooxidant/proinflammatory enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase, which were mitigated by post-treatment with flavonoids. In general, quercetin and taxifolin showed better activity than catechin.

Conclusions

Catechin, quercetin, and taxifolin ameliorated rotenone-induced weight disturbances and oxidative damage in rats, indicating their potential relevance in toxicant and pesticide-induced tissue injury.
MiR-638 repressed vascular smooth muscle cell glycolysis by targeting LDHA
Authors: Chen Shiyuan , Chen Hu , Yu Chaowen , Lu Ran , Song Tao , Wang Xiaogao , Tang Wenbo , Gao Yong
Published: January 2020

Background

Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accelerated vascular diseases progression, like atherosclerosis and restenosis. MicroRNAs were reported to participate in modulating diverse cellular processes. Here, we focused on exploring the role of miR-638 in VSMCs glycolysis and underlying mechanism.

Methods

Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure cell viability. Western blot assay was conducted to determine the expression of cell proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67, as well as Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). VSMCs migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell assay. Luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to validate the target relationship between miR-638 and LDHA. LDHA and miR-638 expression were also determined. Glycolysis of VSMCs was tested by corresponding Kits.

Results

Platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb) promoted the VSMCs viability and down-regulated miR-638. Overexpression of miR-638 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs. LDHA was identified as a target of miR-638, and counter-regulated by miR-638. Loss of miR-638 attenuated the suppressor effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs induced by LDHA down-regulation. MiR-638 inhibited the glycolysis of VSMCs by targeting LDHA.

Conclusion

MiR-638 is down-regulated by PDGF-bb treatment and suppressed the glycolysis of VSMCs via targeting LDHA.
Phosphorous runoff risk assessment and its potential management using wollastonite according to geochemical modeling
Authors: Hayder Aneela , Vanderburgt Stephen , Santos Rafael M. , Chiang Yi Wai
Published: January 2020

Loss of phosphorus from agricultural land through water runoff causes serious detrimental effects on the environment and on water quality. Phosphorous runoff from excessive use of fertilizers can cause algal blooms to grow in nearby water systems, producing toxins that contaminate drinking water sources and recreational water. In this study, a risk analysis of the algal toxin micro-cystin-LR and the mitigation of phosphorus from agriculture runoff is discussed. A risk analysis was performed on the algal bloom toxin microcystin-LR considering the Lake Erie algal bloom event of 2011 as a case study. Toxicity risk analysis results show that relatively low concentrations of microcystin-LR compared to recent case studies pose an acute health risk to both children and adults, and a significant increase in the risk of developing cancer is suggested but subject to further study given the assumptions made. This study investigated the potential of using wollastonite to mitigate phosphorus pollution, considering thermodynamic conditions of a constructed wetland receiving influent water from agriculture runoff, by using geochemical modelling. Geochemical modelling results show that wollastonite can react with phosphorus and capture it in the stable mineral form of hydroxyapatite, offering a possible strategy for risk mitigation of phosphorous runoff. A removal efficiency of 77% of phosphorus using wollastonite is calculated with the help of geochemical modelling.
Interlocking Networks and the Sacred Landscape of Hellenistic Northern Etruria: Capturing Social and Geographic Entanglement Through Social Network Analysis
Authors: Vela Raffaella Da
Published: January 2020

The late Hellenistic period is a time of deep entanglement, interconnectedness and complexity. The breakdown of local political systems and the unification of economic spaces had strong repercussions on the perception and expression of several aspects of the cultural identities of local communities. Rapid waves of change can be observed in local religious identities and in the Etruscan sacred landscape: cult buildings were destroyed, sacred places abandoned or replaced by residential areas, and new organisational forms of managing cults appeared; Latin names and new iconographies were given to traditional deities in public religious buildings dedicated to the official religion, while private and popular worshipping polarized around salvation cults. Changes in the sacred landscape regarded both topographic aspects, such as the visibility of cult sites and their connections to settlements, as well as social aspects, such as the patronage of sacred buildings. This paper proposes to employ a relational approach in order to understand changes in the sacred landscape. It analyzes the geographic and social components of the Etruscan sacred landscape by means of Social Network Analysis (SNA), and it does so by looking at the landscape in its entanglement to the archaeological and epigraphic record between 350 and 80 BCE.
The Rise of Dominant Firms: The Role of Chance
Authors: Saha Atanu , Havenner Arthur , Rauschenbach Sonya
Published: January 2020

The principal explanations in the existing economics literature for the formation of concentrated markets are intellectual property-related entry barriers, economies of scale, and network effects. In each of these explanations, a few firms have an inherent advantage, allowing them to maintain their dominance. Our study’s objective is to show that even when all firms are equally situated, an industry can evolve from a competitive to an oligopolistic structure purely as a result of random chance. We create a stylized model where firms are identical at inception, with none having any competitive advantage. In each period, a firm’s profit is random with zero mean. The randomness of profits is hypothesized to stem from demand uncertainty and production cost fluctuations. Simulation results show that, solely as a result of chance, a competitive industry transitions to a market structure where only a handful dominate. The antitrust implications of our paper pertain to the causes of oligopoly formation. Notwithstanding that in some cases oligopolies can arise as a result of anticompetitive behavior of firms, we show that market concentration can also occur as a benign, natural consequence of evolution of an industry characterized by firms with uncertain profits.
Effect of the two-phase hybrid mode of effervescent atomizer on the atomization characteristics
Authors: Liu Liansheng , Pei Na , Zhao Ruolin , Tian Liang , Duan Runze , Zhang Yan , Li Menghan , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the atomization characteristics of an effervescent atomizer were investigated. The velocity, Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and atomization cone angle of the droplets were measured using the Phase Doppler Analyzer (PDA) to discuss the effect of different design parameters. The results showed that the atomization was unstable at a small Gas-Liquid Rate (GLR) while the atomization proved gradually by increasing the GLR. The optimal atomization region was at a GLR=0.1. In the atomization process, there existed a typical velocity distribution for the swirl atomizer. The design parameters of atomizer provided a great influence on the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and atomization cone angle. The experiment results showed that some droplets had negative velocities.
Supramolecular adsorption of cyclodextrin/polyvinyl alcohol film for purification of organic wastewater
Authors: Lu Qingchen , Li Nana , Li Jialu
Published: January 2020

Into purified organic wastewater, α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin (α-, β-, and γ-CD) were added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with ammonium persulfate as the crosslinker. The CD/PVA composite film with low water solubility and supramolecular adsorption was prepared by solvent evaporation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that when CD was successfully added to PVA, the crosslinking process had no effect on -OH, and the structure was stable after soaking in water for 120 h. Solubility experiments showed that the stability of PVA in water was significantly improved. The results of phenolphthalein adsorption showed that the composite film followed the Langmuir isothermal adsorption and the pseudo-second-order kinetics. According to the Langmuir equation, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of α-, β- and γ-CD/PVA composite films were 0.41, 2.05, and 2.00 mg/g, respectively. The parameters of the Freundlich equation indicate that the adsorption of the composite film is physical adsorption. The time for α-CD/PVA composite film to reach equilibrium was the shortest, while the longest was for β-CD/PVA composite film. The intraparticle diffusion model showed that the adsorption was mainly affected by the diffusion of the boundary layer, and the diffusion rate limitation of the boundary layer of the high-concentration phenolphthalein solution was more obvious.
Nickel ion removal from aqueous solutions through the adsorption process: a review
Authors: Vakili Mohammadtaghi , Rafatullah Mohd , Yuan Jing , Zwain Haider M. , Mojiri Amin , Gholami Zahra , Gholami Fatemeh , Wang Wei , Giwa Abdulmoseen S. , Yu Youqing , Cagnetta Giovanni , Yu Gang
Published: January 2020

Recently, removal of nickel ions has been gaining a lot of attention because of the negative impact of nickel ions on the environment. The aim of this review paper is to organize the scattered available information on removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions through the adsorption process. Survey on investigated materials suggests that composite- and polymer-based adsorbents have the most effective capability for nickel adsorption. The composite material class, i.e. CaCO3-maltose, followed by biopolymer-based material showed the highest Ni(II) adsorption capacity of 769.23 and 500 mg/g, respectively. The importance of treatment parameters (i.e. pH, temperature, contact time, and metal ion concentration) is discussed, together with their effect on the underlying physicochemical phenomena, giving particular attention to the adsorption/desorption mechanism. It was ascertained that adsorption of nickel ions is pH dependent and the optimal pH range for adsorption of Ni(II) ions was in range of 6–8. In general, nickel adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process that mainly occurs by forming a monolayer on the adsorbent (experimental data are often fitted by Langmuir isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetics). Regeneration (i.e. desorption) is also reviewed, suggesting that acidic eluents (e.g. HCl and HNO3) allow, in most of the cases, an efficacious spent adsorbent recovery. The percentage use of desorption agents followed the order of acids (77%) > chelators (8.5%) > alkalis (8%) > salts (4.5%) > water (2%). Helpful information about adsorption and desorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions is provided.