bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innate immune surveillance of the circulation: A review on the removal of circulating virions from the bloodstream
Authors: Ander Stephanie E. , Li Frances S. , Carpentier Kathryn S. , Morrison Thomas E.
Published: May 2022

Many viruses utilize the lymphohematogenous route for dissemination; however, they may not freely use this highway unchecked. The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is an innate defense system that surveys circulating blood, recognizing and capturing viral particles. Examination of the literature shows that the bulk of viral clearance is mediated by the liver; however, the precise mechanism(s) mediating viral vascular clearance vary between viruses and, in many cases, remains poorly defined. Herein, we summarize what is known regarding the recognition and capture of virions from the circulation prior to the generation of a specific antibody response. We also discuss the consequences of viral capture on viral pathogenesis and the fate of the captor cell. Finally, this understudied topic has implications beyond viral pathogenesis, including effects on arbovirus ecology and the application of virus-vectored gene therapies.
Boy crazy, but not in a straight way: The ‘truth’ about Larry in the One Direction fandom
Authors: McCann Hannah , Southerton Clare
Published: May 2022

This article explores the queer practices of a subgroup of One Direction fans known as Larries. The Larries believe that former One Direction boyband members Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson (referred to by the portmanteau ‘Larry Stylinson’) were, or are, in a relationship. This article draws on a digital ethnography with the Larry fandom conducted on Twitter across 2018 and argues that their digital practices involve queer reading strategies to disrupt heterosexual narratives and create space for queer desire. While Larries are invested in the ‘reality’ of the ship, we also suggest that their fan practices are oriented towards challenging dominant heterosexual logics. Larries do not simply seek representations of queer desire in popular culture but rather, through shipping Larry, create a community online that celebrates queer sexuality, whether actualized in popular culture or not. Our findings challenge typical representations of fangirls as heteronormatively ‘boy-crazy’. Far from understanding fangirls as a single monolithic group primarily motivated by heterosexual longing, this article argues that Larries encourage us to rethink gender, desire, the queer potential of fan practices and even the relationship between power and ‘truth’ in a ‘post-truth’ world.
Little cinemas: Eugene O’Neill as screenwriter
Authors: Schaber Bennet
Published: May 2022

In November of 1926, Eugene O’Neill (1888–1953) wrote photoplays of two of his most successful and ambitious dramas of the 1920s, The Hairy Ape (1922) and Desire under the Elms (1924). O’Neill was motivated in part by the journalist and screenwriter Ralph Block’s promotion of the ‘little cinema’ movement, the prestige model of authorship that accompanied it as well as the movement’s actual momentum in New York in the late 1920s. Thus, optimism about the growth of an increasingly sophisticated audience as well as accounts of the innovative possibilities for film form promoted by the likes of Block and Victor O. Freeburg seem to have encouraged O’Neill to imagine a potential cinema in harmony with his own commitments to experimentalism and aesthetic autonomy. Although neither photoplay was ever produced, both bear the traces of O’Neill’s attentiveness to contemporary, intermedial theories of film and drama as well as the playwright’s own history of film viewing.
Hauntological screenwriting: Reflections on writing Render
Authors: Mathewson Tracy
Published: May 2022

A hauntological reflection on the theoretical and practical approaches to developing Render, a feature-length conspiracy screenplay written to discern whether and how it is possible to present viable justice in a conspiracy film amidst a twenty-first-century technological and conspiracy culture. Alongside the introduction of new narrative techniques such as ‘corruption of the protagonist’, ‘emergence of the inner voice’, ‘many-headed monster’, and genre-appropriate classifications such as the ‘seen/unseen threat’ and surveillance capitalism as the logic behind the conspiracy genre’s new behemoth ‘Big Technology’, this article blends academic analysis with personal reflection to involve the reader in the liminal space between theory and practice, the tension between objective and subjective and the intuitive and at times designless process that perpetuates each subsequent draft of a feature screenplay. Here, the application of hauntology as a lens through which to view the screenwriting process is explored to characterize the ebb and flow between that which is no longer (the previous draft) and that which is still not yet (the next draft).
Roundtable: Pushing the boundaries of the Screenwriting Research Network
Authors: Russo Paolo , Davies Rosamund , Ksenofontova Alexandra , Leal Rafael , Macdonald Ian W. , Maras Steven , Tieber Claus
Published: May 2022

This is an abridged and partially elaborated version of a roundtable discussion that took place via Zoom on 17 September 2021 as part of the SRN2021 Research Seminar Series Online and of a follow-up session held via Zoom on 15 November 2021. In keeping with the theme of SRN2021, ‘Pushing Boundaries’, this discussion was an opportunity to raise a few questions about whether and how, as Screenwriting Research Network (SRN), over the years we have defined our own boundaries in terms of scholarship and as a field, as well as how we can keep challenging ourselves when looking at the future. Involving both veterans and younger members of the SRN, it sets forth by taking stock of some significant achievements of the past fifteen years or so to then focus on issues of global outreach as well as methodological openness and rigour. After acknowledging some of the most pressing obstacles and opportunities within and outside academia, the discussion wraps up by looking at the distinctiveness of the SRN as an arena for research and discussion.
Scripting Bollywood, Anubha Yadav (2021)
Authors: Daniels Y’Dhanna
Published: May 2022

Review of: Scripting Bollywood, Anubha Yadav (2021)

New Dehli: Women Unlimited, 318 pp.,

ISBN: 978-9-38560-633-5, p/bk, $24.16
Análise do comportamento mecânico de misturas asfálticas recicladas modificadas com a adição de óleo vegetal residual
Authors: Barreto Torres Paulo Roberto , De Figueiredo Lopes Lucena Adriano Elísio , Miranda de Sousa Talita , Toscano Krau Marcela Maria , Sousa Gonçalves Luz Priscila Maria , Ferreira de Lima Barbosa Lucas
Published: May 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento de misturas asfálticas com material fresado, nos teores 0%, 30% e 60% e ligante modificado com óleo vegetal residual, nos teores 0%, 2% e 4%. Realizaram-se ensaios de viscosidade rotacional, além do planejamento fatorial para estudar a influência do material fresado e do óleo nos ensaios: Resistência à Tração (RT), Módulo de Resiliência, Lottman modificado (LM) e Flow Number. Resultados indicaram que o acréscimo do óleo alcançou redução da viscosidade e temperaturas de usinagem e compactação. O planejamento fatorial encontrou indicativos, no ensaio de RT, que a variável de maior influência foi o teor de óleo, com exceção do ensaio LM onde o teor fresado foi mais significativo. Observou-se redução de agregados virgens para a mistura com 60% de fresado, e redução de até 1,2% de ligante virgem comparado com misturas sem fresado. Corroborando indicativos de economia na fabricação desta mistura.
Smartphone Digital Photography for Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Qu Yonghua , Verger Aleixandre , Li Jing , Jia Kun , Xie Qiaoyun , Liu Guoxiang
Published: May 2022

Accurate ground measurements of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) are key for characterizing ecosystem functions and evaluating remote sensing products. The increasing performance of cameras equipped in smartphones opens new opportunities for extensive FVC measurement through citizen
science initiatives. However, the wide field of view (FOV) of smartphone cameras constitutes a key source of uncertainty in the estimation of vegetation parameters, which has been largely ignored. We designed a practical method to characterize the FOV of smartphones and improve the FVC estimation.
The method was assessed in a mountainous forest based on the comparison with in situ fisheye photographs. After the FOV correction, the agreement of smart-phone and fisheye FVC estimates highly improved: root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.103 compared to 0.242 of the original smartphone FVC
estimates without considering the FOV effect, mean difference of 0.074 versus 0.213, and coefficient of determination R2 of 0.719 versus 0.353. Smartphone cameras outperform traditional fisheye cameras: the overexposure and low vertical resolution of fisheye photographs introduced
uncertainties in FVCestimation while the insensitivity to exposure and high spatial resolution of smartphone cameras make photograph acquisition and analysis more automatic and accurate. The smartphone FVCestimates highly agree with the GF-1 satellite product: RMSE = 0.066, bias = 0.007, and
R2 = 0.745. This study opens new perspectives for the validation of satellite products.
Enhancing Cotton Fabrics Properties by Coating with Zinc Oxide and Carbon Black Nanomaterials and Dyeing with Terminalia catappa Leaves Powder
Authors: Tangkawanit Sudaporn , Culshaw Elisabeth Viguie , Keawsri Piriyaporn
Published: May 2022

This research focused on thermal stability, color fastness and UV protection properties enhancing cotton fabric coated with ZnO and carbon black nanoparticles and dyed with Terminalia catappa leaves powder. The XRD patterns of ZnO nanoparticles contained peaks associated with the hexagonal system, which can be attributed to the structure of ZnO wurtzite. The XRD pattern of carbon black showed a typical amorphous structure. SEM images of the coated cotton surface revealed a scattering of carbon and zinc oxide nanoparticles that increases in size in relation to the amount of carbon and zinc nanoparticles. The ATR-FT-IR spectra of cotton coated with ZnO and carbon revealed the presence of O-H bond, H-C-H bond, C-O-C bond, C-O bond and Zn-O bond. TGA analysis revealed that the cotton coated with zinc oxide and carbon exhibited a greater than 100 °C heat resistance. TGA analysis of cotton coated with CZ4 nanoparticles at 352 °C revealed a weight loss of 70.61%, whereas uncoated cotton lost 85.96 percent of its weight at 358 °C. Light fastness and washing fastness properties of cotton coated with zinc oxide and carbon nanoparticles were 4–5 (good to very good). The FE-SEM and EDS elemental analyses were used to confirm residual elements affected by the excellent UV protective functions of the coated cotton. Cotton fabrics coated with Zn3 and CZn4 are the optimal condition for enhancing the thermal stability, washability, and UV protection of dyed cotton. After 30 wash cycles, the EDS analysis revealed that the cotton fabrics coated with Zn3 and CZn4 retained their durability, with Zn element concentrations of 66.62 (%W) and 67.60 (%W), respectively. The coated cotton significantly outperforms uncoated cotton in terms of thermal stability, color fastness, UV blocking, tensile strength, and air permeability. As the results of this research established; the optimal dyeing protocol for cotton to obtain the desired textile properties.
Equidad de género: un estudio del mercado laboral enColombia, con análisis en el sector de educación superior en eldepartamento de Norte de Santander
Authors: García Ana Milena
Published: May 2022

El acceso a los recursos y las oportunidades es unamedida que, en materia de igualdad de género, deben tenerhombres y mujeres. En el siguiente estudio cuantitativo, serealizó una caracterización de la población docente en el nivelde formación y contratación en dos universidades públicas deldepartamento de Norte de Santander, al igual que tendencias dela contratación a nivel nacional donde se evidencia, diferenciasde género al acceso del mercado laboral en educación superior,nivel de formación, tasa de participación de ocupación poractividad económica y evidencias en las brechas de género enla contratación docente a nivel nacional. Se evidenció unadesigualdad de género en el acceso a labores de tipo, las cuales seprofundizan con el tiempo y la pandemia actual de covid-19.
Sistematización de Experiencias:una reflexión sobre sus potencialidades para la salud pública
Authors: Ariza Ruiz Liany Katerine , Vivas Sánchez Paula , Castro Barbudo Daniella , Gómez Hernández Leidy , Rodríguez Hernández Jorge Martin
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de una revisión sobre la investigación y metodología de Sistematización de Experiencias y su pertinencia en la salud pública. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura en dos etapas usando los siguientes operadores booleanos: “sistematización de experiencias” AND “metodología” OR “investigación” OR “salud” OR “educación popular” OR “trabajo social” OR “Latinoamérica” OR “Investigación Acción Participativa”, en las bases de datos MedLine y Scielo, complementada con la búsqueda en el catálogo general de las bibliotecas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se dejó fecha e idioma abierto. Se empleó N-Vivo versión 12 para el procesamiento de la información. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 183 referencias entre artículos, libros, literatura gris, tesis (pregrado, maestría o doctorado) y material audiovisual. De estos, se seleccionaron 88 para revisión de texto completo. Se generaron seis categorías relacionadas con la definición, metodología, instrumentos, objetivos, limites-tensiones y ventajas de la Sistematización de Experiencias. Conclusiones: La Sistematización de Experiencias es una metodología cualitativa surgida en el contexto latinoamericano que permite la reconstrucción de la historia y el conocimiento de las prácticas para fortalecer y transformar la realidad local. En el campo de la salud pública la SE permite reinterpretar las nociones y problemáticas en salud de las personas y colectividades; comprender sus experiencias, necesidades y expectativas en salud; e identificar la agencia de las personas para mejorar e incidir en el bienestar y la calidad de vida de sus comunidades.
Hipercolesterolemia familiar descripción de un caso en una familia de Armenia – Quindío (Colombia)
Authors: Hoyos Diego Hernán , Castaño Kelly Johanna , Franco Bustos Julieta , Franco Bustos Valentina , Arteaga Pichardo María Ximena , Sánchez María José , Ferrer Amenaida , Lechtig Sharon , Jiménez Daniel , Cardona María José , Bernate Urrea Felipe , Gómez Natalia , García Angélica , Vargas Villanueva Andrés Ignacio , Angel Felipe , Celis Luis Gustavo
Published: May 2022

La Hipercolesterolemia familiar(HF)es una enfermedad genética de carácter Autosómico Dominante,poco frecuente,generado por la mutación en el cromosoma 19.Es la primera causa de Enfermedad Cardiovascular Prematura.Las mutaciones patogénicas que generan la HF se relacionan con el receptor de LDL(LDLr),la apolipoproteina B-100(Apo- B100)y la proteína convertasa subtilisina/kexina tipo9(PCSK9),que produce elevación del colesterol y alteración de la vía del LDLr en el 80% de los casos diagnosticados de HF(5).Presentamos un reporte de caso de cuatro pacientes que pertenecen a la misma familia,quienes presentan mutaciones patogénicas de diferente compromiso a nivel cardiovascular y sistémico que ha afectado de manera negativa su cotidianidad. Discusión:El reporte de caso que presentamos se fundamenta en la sospecha de HF según los criterios de Holanda.En éstos pacientes se reconoce mutación del gen LDLr que se relaciona con HF.Sin embargo, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada.Se encuentra en el estudio de Chmara que se realizó en Polonia por primera vez se reporta la variante ac 11G>T.En Colombia, el estudio López encuentro tres mutaciones identificadas como la variante a c.11G>A, la variante n c.416A>G y la variante c.1187G>A.(8) Conclusión:La HF en nuestro medio es poco frecuente y con gran impacto social,en la mayoría de los casos genera síntomas clínicos y aumento del riesgo cardiovascular desde una edad temprana.Es importante resaltar en la diagnóstico oportuno y el conocimiento pro el personal de salud,para generar una calidad de vida adecuada a los pacientes y evitar que aumente el Riesgo Cardiovascular.
Factores conductuales y biológicos que influye sobre el riesgo de pie diabético en adultos en etapa de prevejez y vejez
Authors: Medina-Fernández Josué , Sifuentes-Leura Daniel , orres-Obregón Reyna T , Carrillo-Cervantes Ana , Medina-Fernández Isai , Yam Sosa Antonio
Published: May 2022

Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de los factores conductuales y biológicos sobre el riesgo para pie diabético en adultos etapa de prevejez y vejez que asisten a grupos de ayuda mutua. Material y métodos. Correlacional-predictivo, con una muestra de 105 personas recolectado por muestreo a conveniencia en grupos de ayuda mutua de tres municipios de Coahuila, México. Se aplicó una cedula de datos personales, el instrumento IMEVID (?=.81), la escala EBADE (?=.78), la recolección de medidas antropométricas, biomarcadores metabólicos y se realizó la valoración de riesgo para pie diabético. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, correlación de spearman y modelos de regresión. Resultados. Participaron 87 (82.9%) mujeres y 18 (17.1%) hombres con una M= 62.60 años (DE=10.330) años. El riesgo para pie diabético se relacionó con las barreras de autocuidado en diabetes (r=.224, p<0.5) y el índice de masa corporal (r=.255, p<0.5). El modelo predice un 19.6% el riesgo (F=6.803, R2=19.6, p=0.001), siendo las variables predictoras las barreras de autocuidado en diabetes, el colesterol de baja densidad y el índice de masa corporal. Conclusión. Los factores conductuales y biológicos predicen el aumento del riesgo para pie diabético, por lo que nos da una valoración general de salud de los grupos de ayuda mutua de México.
La experiencia de los géneros de vivir con colostomía por cáncer de colon
Authors: Ponce Gómez Gandhy , Carmona Mejía Beatriz , Huerta González Sara
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de los géneros de vivir con colostomía por cáncer de colon. El estudio de las diferencias en las relaciones sociales entre hombres y mujeres y los espacios vividos durante la enfermedad son trascendentales para la intervención en el cuidado, la teoría del feminismo da soporte teórico para analizar los trazos de diferencias y similitudes desde el significado de ser mujer u hombre con colostomía. Materiales y métodos: cualitativo fenomenológico, 8 sujetos participantes, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad en su domicilio, observación no participante y notas de campo Resultados. La mujer vive la enfermedad en el espacio privado; mientras que el hombre lucha y vive en el espacio público y poco tiempo en el privado. La mujer hace narrativa a su subjetividad en que vive la colostomía, la acepta y continua su vida; el hombre lucha por la representación de su rol de fortaleza en el espacio público y el privado. Conclusiones: Los estándares de masculinidad se ven afectados por portar una colostomía y existen experiencias de vida que deben resolver en lo público y padecer en lo privado. Mientras que las mujeres o la femineidad se desarrollan con un rol de compromiso y responsabilidad de no enfermar o de permanecer activas cuidando a su familia.
Síntomas depresivos y prevalencia de fragilidad en adultos mayores colombianos. Análisis secundario de la encuesta SABE Colombia 2015
Authors: Gomez Arteaga Ronald Camilo , Castellanos-Perilla Nicolás , Farelo-Gómez Laura  A. , Arias-Ortiz Andrés , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego Andrés , Cano-Gutiérrez Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los síntomas depresivos y la prevalencia de fragilidad medida como fenotipo de fragilidad. Material y métodos: Este es un estudio secundario de la encuesta SABE Colombia 2015. Se utilizaron las puntuaciones de la escala Yesavage como variable independiente, la prevalencia de fragilidad calculada con el fenotipo de fragilidad de Fried. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo y bivariado de la muestra, seguido de un análisis multivariado ajustando por variables de confusión. Resultados: Analizamos información de un total de 19,004 participantes mayores de 60 años, participantes sin deterioro cognitivo de la encuesta, a quienes se les administró la escala Yesavage. La media de edad fue 69.25 años, el 56% de los participantes eran mujeres, la prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 12% y se encontró síntomas depresivos en 57,4% de la muestra. En el análisis multivariado encontramos asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones más altas de la escala Yesavage y la presencia de fragilidad (Yesavage 5-10) OR 1.20 (0.98-1.46) p valor 0.066 y (Yesavage >10) 2.05 (1.46-2.89) <0.001 después de ajustar por edad, sexo, comorbilidades, funcionalidad, escolaridad y estado marital Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos medidos con la escala Yesavage y la prevalencia de fragilidad según el índice de Fried. Aunque existe escasa evidencia en cuanto a la asociación de estas dos entidades en Latinoamérica, nuestros resultados son consistentes con estudios previos en la región.
Kinerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dengan Sistem On Grid di BPR BKK Mandiraja Cabang Wanayasa Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Aji Erik Prasetiya , Wibowo Priambodo , Windarta Jaka
Published: May 2022

Bank Perkreditan Rakyat merupakan lembaga keuangan yang menyediakan pelayanan perbankan bagi masyarakat menengah ke bawah. Salah satu upaya pengembangan BPR BKK Mandiraja Cabang Wanayasa Banjarnegara adalah pengimplementasian PLTS. Perkiraan data beban harian sebesar 9.619 Wh pada hari senin – sabtu dan 6.848 Wh pada hari minggu dimana panel surya yang dipasang memiliki kapasitas 3 × 400 Wp dengan kapasitas inverter 1.500 W. Energi yang diimpor dari PLN selalu lebih besar (sekitar 7 – 10 kali lipat) dibandingkan energi yang diekspor ke PLN. Persentase energi yang diekspor ke PLN berkisar antara 30% – 40% dari energi total yang dibangkitkan PLTS. Besarnya energi dari PLN yang digunakan sebesar 80% – 85% dari total beban yang terpasang. Besarnya biaya listrik yang harus dibayarkan selama 6 bulan ketika tidak menggunakan PLTS sebesar Rp 2.438.897 dan penghematan yang didapatkan dari PLTS sebesar Rp 538.880. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan memasang PLTS, BPR BKK Mandiraja Cabang Wanayasa Banjarnegara dapat mengurangi biaya energi listrik sebesar 22,1%.
Produksi Hidrogen dengan Memanfaatkan Sumber Daya Energi Surya dan Angin di Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Syukri , Widayat Widayat
Published: May 2022

Kebutuhan energi final per jenis masih didominasi oleh penggunaan energi BBM. Sektor transportasi merupakan pengguna energi terbesar diantara sektor-sektor lainnya. Energi yang digunakan pada sektor transportasi hamper mayoritas menggunakan BBM. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan subtititusi BBM ke energi hidrogen sebagai energi alternatif untuk sektor transportasi. Besarnya potensi energi surya dan energi angin di Indonesia serta perkembangan teknologinya yang semakin efisien dan murah maka produksi hidrogen dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode elektrolisis yang mudah diterapkan dan murah untuk diproduksi untuk masa depan. Produksi Hidrogen skala besar menggunakan Elektrolisis air membutuhkan banyak supplai air. Oleh karena itu potensi air laut di Indonesia dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku subtitusi air tawar. Pemanfaatan Hidrogen dengan fuel cell dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi listrik untuk moda transportasi seperti mobil listrik dan sepeda motor listrik yang saat ini mulai berkembang.
Thapsigargin blocks electromagnetic field‐elicited intracellular Ca2+ increase in HEK 293 cells
Authors: Bertagna Federico , Lewis Rebecca , Silva S. Ravi P. , McFadden Johnjoe , Jeevaratnam Kamalan
Published: May 2022

Biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have previously been identified for cellular proliferation and changes in expression and conduction of diverse types of ion channels. The major effect elicited by EMFs seems to be directed toward Ca2+ homeostasis. This is particularly remarkable since Ca2+ acts as a central modulator in various signaling pathways, including, but not limited to, cell differentiation and survival. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying this modulation have yet to be unraveled. Here, we assessed the effect of EMFs on intracellular [Ca2+], by exposing HEK 293 cells to both radio‐frequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs) and static magnetic fields (SMFs). We detected a constant and significant increase in [Ca2+] subsequent to exposure to both types of fields. Strikingly, the increase was nulled by administration of 10 μM Thapsigargin, a blocker of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPases (SERCAs), indicating the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in EMF‐related modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.
The effect of non‐oral hormonal contraceptives on hypertension and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kalenga Cindy Z. , Dumanski Sandra M. , Metcalfe Amy , Robert Magali , Nerenberg Kara A. , MacRae Jennifer M. , Premji Zahra , Ahmed Sofia B.
Published: May 2022

Oral contraceptives (OC) are associated with increased risk of hypertension and elevated blood pressure (BP). Whether non‐oral hormonal contraceptives have similar associations is unknown. We sought to investigate the effect of non‐oral hormonal contraceptive (NOHC) use on the risk of hypertension and changes in BP, compared to non‐hormonal contraceptive and OC use. We searched bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) until August 2020. Studies reporting risk of hypertension or changes in systolic and diastolic BP with NOHC use compared with either non‐hormonal contraceptive or OC use. Abstract screening, full‐text review, data extraction, and quality assessment were completed in duplicate. For studies reporting dichotomous outcomes, we reported results as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A random‐effects model was used to estimate pooled weighted mean difference and 95% CI of change in BP. Twenty‐five studies were included. A lower incidence of hypertension was observed with injectable contraceptive use compared to non‐hormonal contraceptive and OC use, although it was unclear if this was statistically significant. Compared to non‐hormonal contraceptive use, injectable contraceptive use was associated with increased BP (SBP: 3.24 mmHg, 95%CI 2.49 to 3.98 mmHg; DBP: 3.15 mmHg, 95%CI 0.09 to 6.20 mmHg), the hormonal intra‐uterine device use was associated with reduced BP (SBP: −4.50 mmHg, 95%CI −8.44 to −0.57 mmHg; DBP: −7.48 mmHg, 95% −14.90 to −0.05 mmHg), and the vaginal ring was associated with reduced diastolic BP (−3.90 mmHg, 95%CI −6.67 to −1.13 mmHg). Compared to OC use, the injectable contraceptive use was associated with increased diastolic BP (2.38 mmHg, 95%CI 0.39 to 4.38 mmHg). NOHC use is associated with changes in BP which differ by type and route of administration. Given the strong association between incremental increases in BP and cardiovascular risk, prospective studies are required.
Heightened levels of plasma growth differentiation factor 15 in men living with HIV
Authors: Agarwal Neeti , Ramirez Bustamante Claudia E. , Wu Huaizhu , Armamento‐Villareal Reina , Lake Jordan E. , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Hartig Sean M.
Published: May 2022

Plasma biomarkers that reflect energy balance disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain limited. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) abundance in plasma of mice and humans induces negative energy balance but also becomes highly elevated in obesity and other metabolic diseases. We sought to compare plasma GDF15 levels in PLWH and HIV‐negative persons and mouse models expressing the HIV accessory protein Vpr (that recapitulate HIV‐associated metabolic disorders) and determine their relationship to metabolic parameters. We measured liver Gdf15 mRNA levels and plasma GDF15 levels in male Vpr mice and littermate controls. In parallel, we analyzed plasma GDF15 levels in 18 male PLWH on stable, long‐term antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV‐negative men (6 healthy controls and 7 with metabolic syndrome). Plasma GDF15 levels were correlated with anthropometric and immune cell parameters in humans. Gene expression analysis of Vpr mouse liver demonstrated elevated Gdf15 mRNA. Plasma GDF15 levels were also higher in Vpr mouse models. Levels of plasma GDF15 in PLWH were greater than in both HIV‐negative groups and correlated positively with the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in PLWH. Plasma GDF15 levels correlated positively with age in the HIV‐negative subjects but not in PLWH. Since GDF15 levels predict fatty liver disease and energy balance disorders, further studies are warranted to determine the effect of GDF15 in mediating the metabolic disturbances that occur in Vpr mice and PLWH.
Adolescent Korean returnees’ perceptions of the change of language learning contexts as bilingual learners
Authors: Shin Ji Hye
Published: May 2022

There are growing populations of Korean children who studied abroad in the English as a second language (ESL) context and had to return to Korea for various reasons before reaching college age. These returnees are concerned about how to maintain (or improve) their English proficiency in the EFL (English as a foreign language) context. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate two Korean-English bilinguals who recently returned to Korea after learning English in the US for more than four years. The research questions were as follows: 1) How do Korean returnees perceive the change of learning status as Korean-English bilinguals in the US and Korea, and 2) What motivated Korean returnees to sustain their English proficiency while acquiring academic literacy in Korean? By using the case study method, an extensive and in-depth description of two Korean returnees’ English language learning experiences was provided. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observation. The analysis showed that the switch from ESL to EFL learning environments, which includes the change of language, culture, and social contexts, influenced how Korean returnees maintain/improve their English proficiency, specifically with their language learning strategies (LLS).
Estimating urine albumin to creatinine ratio from protein to creatinine ratio using same day measurement: validation of equations
Authors: Résimont Guillaume , Vranken Laura , Pottel Hans , Jouret François , Krzesinski Jean-Marie , Cavalier Etienne , Delanaye Pierre
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Severity of chronic kidney disease is defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria (ACR) by the KDIGO and are related to cardiovascular outcomes and end-stage-kidney-failure. However, proteinuria (PCR) is more often available than ACR in records. Recently, equations were developed to estimate ACR from PCR. We investigated their performances in our population.

Methods

In the academic medical hospital of Liège, we retrospectively analysed same day measurement of ACR and PCR and staged them according to the KDIGO A1-A2-A3 categories. Analyser Roche Cobas (R) gathered 2,633 urinalysis (May 2018-May 2019) and analyser Abbott Alinity (A) 2,386 urinalysis (May 2019-March 2020). We compared the KDIGO staging of mACR and eACR obtained from Weaver’s and Sumida’s equations.

Results

Median age was 63 [52;71]/64 [53;72] years old, 43/42% were female; 78/74% had diabetes; proportion of mACR-A1 was 65.6%/64.2%, A2 was 25.5%/25.5% and A3 was 8.8%/10.3% (Method R/A, respectively). Both equations gave similar distribution of KDIGO staging of eACR. Overall agreements were higher than 88% regardless of the analyser or of the equation. Performances in between equations were equivalent according to the multi-level AUC (multinomial logistic regression model).

Conclusions

Good concordance was observed between mACR and eACR regardless of the equation or of the analyser. No patient with an A3-measured ACR was estimated within the KDIGO A1 category. Though ACR should be measured when clinically needed, it may be reasonably estimated from the PCR through these equations, for epidemiologic retrospective studies or research purposes.
How is test laboratory data used and characterised by machine learning models? A systematic review of diagnostic and prognostic models developed for COVID-19 patients using only laboratory data
Authors: Carobene Anna , Milella Frida , Famiglini Lorenzo , Cabitza Federico
Published: May 2022

The current gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, the rRT-PCR test, is hampered by long turnaround times, probable reagent shortages, high false-negative rates and high prices. As a result, machine learning (ML) methods have recently piqued interest, particularly when applied to digital imagery (X-rays and CT scans). In this review, the literature on ML-based diagnostic and prognostic studies grounded on hematochemical parameters has been considered. By doing so, a gap in the current literature was addressed concerning the application of machine learning to laboratory medicine. Sixty-eight articles have been included that were extracted from the Scopus and PubMed indexes. These studies were marked by a great deal of heterogeneity in terms of the examined laboratory test and clinical parameters, sample size, reference populations, ML algorithms, and validation approaches. The majority of research was found to be hampered by reporting and replicability issues: only four of the surveyed studies provided complete information on analytic procedures (units of measure, analyzing equipment), while 29 provided no information at all. Only 16 studies included independent external validation. In light of these findings, we discuss the importance of closer collaboration between data scientists and medical laboratory professionals in order to correctly characterise the relevant population, select the most appropriate statistical and analytical methods, ensure reproducibility, enable the proper interpretation of the results, and gain actual utility by using machine learning methods in clinical practice.
On linear chaos in function spaces
Authors: Jimenez John M. , Markin Marat V.
Published: May 2022

We show that, in

L

p

(

0
,
∞

)

{L}_{p}\left(0,\infty )

(

1
≤
p
<
∞

1\le p\lt \infty

), bounded weighted translations as well as their unbounded counterparts are chaotic linear operators. We also extend the unbounded case to

C

0

[

0
,
∞

)

{C}_{0}{[}0,\infty )

and describe the spectra of the weighted translations provided the underlying spaces are complex.
Application on oxidation behavior of metallic copper in fire investigation
Authors: Dongbai Xie , Hao Hong , Shuwang Duo , Qiang Li
Published: May 2022

In fire investigations, the most important aspect is determining the presence of a liquid accelerant at the fire scene. The presence or absence of accelerants is critical evidence during trials for fire cases. Upon exposure to high temperatures, metallic substances undergo oxidation, which can be imparted by accelerants in the fire. Oxides and substrates found on metal surfaces offer valuable information on the characteristics of fire, including exposure temperature, duration, and involvement of a liquid accelerant. In this study, we investigated the oxidation behavior of copper at high temperatures in a simulated flame environment using ethanol combustion. After oxidation, the morphological, oxide phase composition, and microstructural features of specimens were characterized by observation, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis. The elemental carbon with a hexagonal structure deposited on the sample’s surface was found, which may be incomplete combustion and the chemical composition of ethanol. Copper has a preferred orientation of oxide on the (111) crystal plane, which differs from oxidation in ordinary hot air that is related to the large Coulomb force of the (111) crystal plane. Hot air convection due to combustion may cause large areas of oxide layer on the copper surface to crack and peel. Oxide properties and surface state of metals strongly depended on oxidation duration, temperature, and atmosphere. These data shall offer reference information for determining the presence of combustion accelerants at fire scenes.
Description and determination in Tanti Dargwa NPs
Authors: Lander Yury
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on the noun phrase in Tanti Dargwa (East Caucasian) and presents evidence for the distinction between modifiers proper (adjectival phrases, participial relative clauses and non-genitive adnominal NPs) and determiner-like elements (demonstratives, indefinite pronouns, numerals and most quantity expressions) in this language. Crucially, this dichotomy, which presumably reflects the distinction between the determinative and descriptive components in the NP, is realized in Tanti Dargwa mostly morphologically – in the distribution of “attributive markers” and in the expression of number. Syntactically, in the most neutral constructions the order of elements other than the head is virtually free and does not display any scope-related effects, while the head occupies the final position. In addition, Tanti Dargwa shows marginal constructions (a right-periphery construction locating a modifier after the head and a construction showing quasi-incorporation of a modifier into the noun) which are restricted to modifiers. Tanti Dargwa data support the idea that the description/determination distinction is gradual rather than discrete, as there are elements that show behavior intermediate between modifiers proper and determiner-like elements: possessor NPs, contrastive modifiers and the expressions like ‘other’.
Effect of tool rotational speed and position on mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded dissimilar alloys AZ31B Mg and Al6061
Authors: Tolun Fatmagül
Published: May 2022

The existence of some problems in joining Al and Mg alloys using classical fusion welding methods causes limitations in the use of Mg and Al alloys in common structures. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding method for joining materials having same or different properties at temperatures below their melting points. In this study, dissimilar alloys AZ31B Mg and Al6061 were joined by FSW at a feed rate of 34 mm·min−1 and at different tool rotational speeds (600 and 700 rpm) and material positions. During the welding process, AZ31B Mg plate was positioned at the advancing side and Al6061 was located at the retreating side, and moreover, the two alloys were also positioned vice versa. Tensile strength and microhardness tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties of the welded specimens. The microstructures of the welded zones were examined by obtaining the optical microscopic (OM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. The highest welding strength was obtained from the specimen welded at a tool rotational speed of 600 rpm, at a feed rate of 34 mm·min−1 and by locating AZ31B Mg on the advancing side.
My journey in chemistry education
Authors: Chiu Mei-Hung
Published: May 2022

Chemistry is filled with complex and abstract concepts in interconnected systems. It is considered as the central science for linking with other scientific disciplines. Chemistry cannot be separated from our daily life. But it has been a challenge for school students to learn its concepts at various levels of educational systems. In this article, I will start with an introduction on investigations of students’ conceptions of chemical concepts, teachers’ understanding of students’ knowledge of scientific phenomena, and strategies for promoting students’ conceptual change in learning science, including model-based and modeling-based instruction as well as adoption of innovative technology in learning sciences (such as, the use of facial expressions system augmented reality and virtual reality in learning chemistry). And then, I will describe a few outreach activities on promoting public understanding of chemistry, developing educators’ competence in teaching chemistry, as well as investigation on gender gap in STEM sponsored by ISC, IUPAC and other unions and partners.
The dependence of the energy density states on the substitution of chemical elements in the Se6Te4-xSbx thin film
Authors:   Department of physics, College of Education for pure Sciences Ibn AlHaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Ahmed B. A. , Mohammed J. S. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq, Fadhil R. N. ,   Department of physics, College of Education for pure Sciences Ibn AlHaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Jasim K. A. ,   Department of physics, College of Education for pure Sciences Ibn AlHaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Shaban A. H. ,   College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Al Dulaimi A. H. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq
Published: May 2022

The energy density state are the powerful factor for evaluate the validity of a material in any application. This research focused on examining the electrical properties of the Se6Te4- xSbx glass semiconductor with x=1, 2 and 3, using the thermal evaporation technique. D.C electrical conductivity was used by determine the current, voltage and temperatures, where the electrical conductivity was studied as a function of temperature and the mechanical electrical conduction were determined in the different conduction regions (the extended and localized area and at the Fermi level). In addition, the density of the energy states in these regions is calculated using the mathematical equations. The constants of energy density states are determined, namely the electron hopping distance, the width of the tails, and pre - exponential factor. The densities of the energetic states (extended N (Eext), localize N (Eloc) and at the Fermi states N (Ef) will be calculated in each of the regions. Moreover, the effect of partial substitution of Se with antimony on energy states and degree of randomness, results observed that the energy densities changing with an increase antimony Sb concentration.
The structural properties of Y1-XLaXBa4Cu7O15+ δ superconductor compound
Authors:   College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Shaban A. H. , Mohammed L. A. ,   Department of physics, college of Education for pure sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Hussein H. S. ,   General Directorate of Karbala Education, Karbala, Iraq, Jasim K. A. ,   Department of physics, college of Education for pure sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Published: May 2022

The eff ect of partial substitution for lanthanum (La) on the structural properties of the compound Y1-xLaxBa4Cu7O15+δ were studied. The variation of (x) are x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, which was synthesized by solid state reaction method. The mixed powder was pressed with pressure (7 ton / cm2) as a disc (1.5 cm) diameter and a thickness of (0.25 to 0.3 cm). The samples were sintering by 120 °C / hour with a changing rate from room temperature to 850 ° C through 72 hours. XRD analysis using to calculate crystal size, strain and degree of crystallinity. It was found all samples have orthorhombic structure and change of structure with increasing lanthanum concentration. It was shown that the change lanthanum concentrations of all our samples produce a change in the crystal size, strain, degree of crystallinity and lattice parameters.
Preparation and characterization of ketoprofen and pentoxifylline agents based layered double hydroxides-chitosan nanohybride and its releasing control
Authors:   Materials Science and nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, El-Shahawy A. A. G. , Kamal W. ,   Materials Science and nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, Sayed O. M ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, El Rouby W. M. A. ,   Materials Science and nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, Zahran H. Y. ,   Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia, Yahia I. S ,   Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia, El-Dek S. I. ,   Materials Science and nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, Farghali A. A. ,   Materials Science and nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
Published: May 2022

The suggested research focused on the construction of a nanocomposite containing organic-inorganic materials as a pharmaceutical shipper to provide a regulated and preserved release of Ketoprofen and Pentoxifylline to reduce its hazards. The study examined the kinetics and the adsorption isotherms of these agents on layered double hydroxides, chitosan, and chitosan-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites that were prepared chemically and identified by high resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transformation Infra-red Spectroscopy. The results showed controlled and continued free through layer hydroxides, chitosan and chitosan-layered hydroxides. Langmuir was the best for illustrating and fitting the sorption equilibrium of Ketoprofen and Pentoxifylline onto the layered double hydroxides, counteracting Freundlich in Chitosan and Chitosan-layered double hydroxide adsorbents. Chitosanlayered double hydroxides, layered double hydroxides, and Chitosan achieved complete release of Pentoxifylline only. Furthermore, Ketoprofen release from chitosan particles was first order, whereas Pentoxifylline release from chitosan-layered double hydroxide complex was zero order. As a final point, the tested nanocarriers restricted the release of Ketoprofen and Pentoxifylline meticulously.
Study the effects of MgO nanoparticle addition on superconducting characteristics of Bi1.6 Ag0.4Sr1.9Ba0.1Ca2Cu3O10+δ system
Authors:   College of science, University of Kirkuk, Iraq, Baqi A. S. , Abed N. S. ,   Directore of Education of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq, Fathi S. J. ,   College of science, University of Kirkuk, Iraq
Published: May 2022

In the present work, impacts adding magnesium oxide (MgO) powders with a mean particle size <100nm to Bi2223 superconducting system have been researched. The bulk samples with a general Bi1.6 Ag0.4Sr1.9Ba0.1Ca2Cu3O10+δ + (MgO)x nominal composition formula (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3wt%) have been made through the traditional solid state reaction approach. Hole concentration (p) and Critical temperature (Tc) of the nano MgO added samples have been specified through 4 probe techniques. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurement has been utilized for examining the formation of the phase, lattice parameters and volume fraction. The results of the XRD had shown that lattice parameters are changed with the increase of the addition of the nano Mg. It has been observed as well from the measurements of the XRD that volume fraction of Bi2223 phase is increased with the increase in the addition of the nano Mg. Bi2223 phase volume fraction for non-added sample had shown that the maximum value as 77% and additionally increasing the nano MgO, Bi2223 phase’s volume fraction is increased with the increase in the Bi2212 phase. The sample with addition of 0.3wt% MgO had shown the maximum Bi2223 phase volume fraction (about 80%) and maximum super-conducting transition temperature, Tc (up to 141K) in comparison with added samples with the nano MgO.