bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collinear and noncollinear ferrimagnetic phases in Mn4N investigated by magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy
Authors: Zemen Jan
Published: November 2023

Ferrimagnetic antiperovskite Mn4N has received growing interest due to room-temperature observation of large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, low saturation magnetization, and ultrafast response to external magnetic fields. Comprehensive understanding of the underlying magnetic structure is instrumental in design and fabrication of computer memory and logic devices. Magneto-optical spectroscopy provides deeper insight into the magnetic and electronic structure than magnetometry. Simulations of a magneto-optical Kerr effect in biaxially strained Mn4N are performed using density functional theory and linear response theory. We consider three ferrimagnetic phases, two collinear and one noncollinear, which have been investigated separately by earlier studies. The simulated spectra are compared to measured magneto-optical data available in recent literature. One of the collinear ferrimagnetic phases is found to be consistent with the measured spectra. We show that an admixture of the noncollinear phase, which is the ground state of unstrained Mn4N, further improves the agreement with measured spectra, and at the same time, it could explain the lower than predicted net moment and magnetic anisotropy observed in thin films on various substrates.
Dynamics of thin self-rewetting liquid films on an inclined heated substrate
Authors: Zubair Mohammed , Vellingiri Rajagopal
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigate the quadratic Marangoni instability along with inertia in a self-rewetting fluid film that has a nonmonotonic variation of surface tension with temperature. The dynamics of such a thin self-rewetting fluid film flowing along an inclined heated substrate is examined by deriving an evolution equation for the film thickness using long-wave theory and asymptotic expansions. By adopting the derived long-wave model that includes the inertial and thermocapillary effects, we perform a linear stability analysis of the flat film solution. Two cases of the nonlinear flow are explored in depth using Tm (temperature corresponding to the minimum of surface tension) as the cutoff point. One is the case of (Ti,s−Tm)<0, and the other is (Ti,s−Tm)>0, where Ti,s is the interface temperature corresponding to the flat film. The Marangoni effect switches to the anomalous Marangoni effect as (Ti,s−Tm) shifts from a negative value to a positive value. Our calculations reveal that the Marangoni effect augments the flat film instability when (Ti,s−Tm)<0, whereas the stability of the flat film is promoted for (Ti,s−Tm)>0. Our further analysis demonstrates that the destabilizing inertial forces can be entirely compensated by the stabilizing anomalous thermocapillary forces. We verify the linear stability predictions of the long-wave Benney-type model with the solution to the Orr–Sommerfeld problem in the long-wave limit. Our time-dependent computations of the long-wave model establish the modulation of interface deformation in the presence of inertia and temperature gradients in the conventional Marangoni regime, whereas such deformations are suppressed in the anomalous Marangoni regime. A comparison of the numerical computations with the linear theory shows good agreement.
DMA controller design based on SHA-1 dual channel improvement algorithm
Authors: Wang Wei , He Cong , Shi Jia Qi
Published: November 2023

In order to make direct memory access (DMA) high-speed transmission while ensuring the security and integrity of data, the traditional Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is improved from the algorithm model and hardware architecture level by adopting the methods of data synchronization preprocessing and multi-block multi-output, and a dual-channel design with instant data comparison and data error correction functions adapted to high-speed DMA is achieved. The simulation results show that the maximum clock frequency of the DMA controller is 120 MHz and the throughput rate is up to 3.8 Gbps. The improved comparison channel can output the message summary at an interval of 0.56 μs, whereas the traditional algorithm needs to wait five times as long as the data handling time. The error correction channel also implements multi-block output and error block indexing. The results show that the improved dual-channel design based on the SHA algorithm can be highly adapted to DMA controllers and has good application prospects.
Structure of the
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Tpp49Aa1 pesticidal protein elucidated from natural crystals using MHz-SFX
Authors: Williamson Lainey J. , Galchenkova Marina , Best Hannah L. , Bean Richard J. , Munke Anna , Awel Salah , Pena Gisel , Knoska Juraj , Schubert Robin , Dörner Katerina , Park Hyun-Woo , Bideshi Dennis K. , Henkel Alessandra , Kremling Viviane , Klopprogge Bjarne , Lloyd-Evans Emyr , Young Mark T. , Valerio Joana , Kloos Marco , Sikorski Marcin , Mills Grant , Bielecki Johan , Kirkwood Henry , Kim Chan , de Wijn Raphael , Lorenzen Kristina , Xavier Paul Lourdu , Rahmani Mashhour Aida , Gelisio Luca , Yefanov Oleksandr , Mancuso Adrian P. , Federici Brian A. , Chapman Henry N. , Crickmore Neil , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Berry Colin , Oberthür Dominik
Published: November 2023

The
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
proteins Tpp49Aa1 and Cry48Aa1 can together act as a toxin toward the mosquito
Culex quinquefasciatus
and have potential use in biocontrol. Given that proteins with sequence homology to the individual proteins can have activity alone against other insect species, the structure of Tpp49Aa1 was solved in order to understand this protein more fully and inform the design of improved biopesticides. Tpp49Aa1 is naturally expressed as a crystalline inclusion within the host bacterium, and MHz serial femtosecond crystallography using the novel nanofocus option at an X-ray free electron laser allowed rapid and high-quality data collection to determine the structure of Tpp49Aa1 at 1.62 Å resolution. This revealed the packing of Tpp49Aa1 within these natural nanocrystals as a homodimer with a large intermolecular interface. Complementary experiments conducted at varied pH also enabled investigation of the early structural events leading up to the dissolution of natural Tpp49Aa1 crystals—a crucial step in its mechanism of action. To better understand the cooperation between the two proteins, assays were performed on a range of different mosquito cell lines using both individual proteins and mixtures of the two. Finally, bioassays demonstrated Tpp49Aa1/Cry48Aa1 susceptibility of
Anopheles stephensi
,
Aedes albopictus,
and
Culex tarsalis
larvae—substantially increasing the potential use of this binary toxin in mosquito control.
Deletion of Vβ3
+
CD4
+
T cells by endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus 3 prevents type 1 diabetes induction by autoreactive CD8
+
T cells
Authors: Ye Cheng , Clements Sadie A. , Gu Weihong , Geurts Aron M. , Mathews Clayton E. , Serreze David. V. , Chen Yi-Guang , Driver John P.
Published: November 2023

In both humans and NOD mice, type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells by T cells. Interactions between both helper CD4
+
and cytotoxic CD8
+
T cells are essential for T1D development in NOD mice. Previous work has indicated that pathogenic T cells arise from deleterious interactions between relatively common genes which regulate aspects of T cell activation/effector function (
Ctla4, Tnfrsf9,
Il2/Il21
), peptide presentation (

H2-A
 g7

,
B2m
), and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling (
Ptpn22
). Here, we used a combination of subcongenic mapping and a CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify the NOD-encoded mammary tumor virus (
Mtv
)3 provirus as a genetic element affecting CD4
+
/CD8
+
T cell interactions through an additional mechanism, altering the TCR repertoire.
Mtv3
encodes a superantigen (SAg) that deletes the majority of Vβ3
+
thymocytes in NOD mice. Ablating
Mtv3
and restoring Vβ3
+
T cells has no effect on spontaneous T1D development in NOD mice. However, transferring
Mtv3
to C57BL/6 (B6) mice congenic for the NOD

H2
 g7

MHC haplotype (B6.

H2
 g7

) completely blocks their normal susceptibility to T1D mediated by transferred CD8
+
T cells transgenically expressing AI4 or NY8.3 TCRs. The entire genetic effect is manifested by Vβ3
+
CD4
+
T cells, which unless deleted by
Mtv3
, accumulate in insulitic lesions triggering in B6 background mice the pathogenic activation of diabetogenic CD8
+
T cells. Our findings provide evidence that endogenous
Mtv
SAgs can influence autoimmune responses. Furthermore, since most common mouse strains have gaps in their TCR Vβ repertoire due to
Mtvs
, it raises questions about the role of
Mtvs
in other mouse models designed to reflect human immune disorders.
Premature transcription termination complex proteins PCF11 and WDR82 silence HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells
Authors: Ait Said Melissa , Bejjani Fabienne , Abdouni Ahmed , Ségéral Emmanuel , Emiliani Stéphane
Published: November 2023

Postintegration transcriptional silencing of HIV-1 leads to the establishment of a pool of latently infected cells. In these cells, mechanisms controlling RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing and premature transcription termination (PTT) remain to be explored. Here, we found that the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) factor PCF11 represses HIV-1 expression independently of the other subunits of the CPA complex or the polyadenylation signal located at the 5′ LTR. We show that PCF11 interacts with the RNAPII-binding protein WDR82. Knock-down of PCF11 or WDR82 reactivated HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells. To silence HIV-1 transcription, PCF11 and WDR82 are specifically recruited at the promoter-proximal region of the provirus in an interdependent manner. Codepletion of PCF11 and WDR82 indicated that they act on the same pathway to repress HIV expression. These findings reveal PCF11/WDR82 as a PTT complex silencing HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells.
Register differences and intra-register variation of elicited texts
Authors: Cvrček Václav , Laubeová Zuzana , Lukeš David , Poukarová Petra , Řehořková Anna , Zasina Adrian Jan
Published: November 2023

This study examines functional differences between texts elicited under different scenarios (both between- and intra-register variation). Text elicitation is used (in linguistics and other disciplines) to control for the conditions of production and in the hopes of observing different reactions to scenarios emulating real-life situations. However, it entails a series of questions: How well does the collected data correspond to real-world situations? How to design scenarios to be meaningfully distinct in terms of the language they elicit? In order to examine the linguistic variability of scenarios and to assess their ecological validity, the present study maps Czech elicited texts onto a previously established general-purpose multi-dimensional model of register variability. One of the takeaways is that scenarios mimicking informal situations are particularly conducive to obtaining responses with high intra-register variation, which makes them more likely than formal ones to reflect variability induced by for example different psychological characteristics of participants.
Design and fabrication of microfluidic devices: a cost-effective approach for high throughput production
Authors: Thomas Tony , Agrawal Amit
Published: November 2023

Microdevices have been recognized as a potential platform for performing numerous biomedical analysis and diagnostic applications. However, promising and viable techniques for a cost-effective and high throughput production of microfluidic devices still remain as a challenge. This paper addresses this problem with an alternative solution for the fabrication of microfluidic devices in a simple and efficient manner. We utilized laser-assisted engraving technique to fabricate a master mold on an acrylic sheet of different thicknesses from 4 to 20mm. Low cost indigenously developed CO2 (10.6μm wavelength) laser engraving device was used for the experiments. The effect of various laser parameters such as power and speed of operation on the height of engraved structures was studied in detail. Optimal engraving results were obtained with a laser speed of 200–250mm s−1 with a spacing interval of 0.002mm at a laser power of 10–12W. Master mold of microdevice with a channel width of 100μm were produced using this technique. The replica transfer was performed by a simple imprinting method using a benchtop universal testing machine that can provide a maximum compressive load upto 1kN. The replicas were successfully generated on various thin film substrates including polymers, plastics, Whatman filter paper, teflon, vinyl sheets, copper, and aluminum sheets. The effect of load applied on the depth of the microfluidic channel was studied for the substrates such as teflon and Whatman filter paper. A load of 1kN can generate a depth of a few hundred micrometers on various substrates mentioned above. The replicas were also transferred to thermoformable PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) sheets under load with an elevated temperature. The channel-imprinted PETG substrates were later sandwiched between two acrylic sheets with adhesive-coated polymer sheets and screws at the corners. Soft lithographic techniques were also performed to replicate the channel on a poly dimethyl siloxane substrate which was later bonded to a glass plate using an oxygen plasma cleaner device. Fluidic flow testing was conducted by pumping dye-mixed deionized (DI) water through the channels using a syringe pump and connecting tubes at a constant flow rate of 5ml min−1. The outcomes of this study provide an alternative solution for a simple and low-cost method for microdevice fabrication at a large scale.
Relationship between bonding strength and surface roughness in low-temperature bonding of glass for micro/nanofluidic device
Authors: Ohta Ryoichi , Morikawa Kyojiro , Tsuyama Yoshiyuki , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: November 2023

The bonding of glass substrates is an important process in the fabrication of glass micro/nanofluidic devices. In this study, the influence of the surface roughness of glass substrates after low-temperature bonding is investigated. It is found that plasma etching can be used to control the surface roughness to the range 2–9 nm. Substrates with a roughness of 5 nm or less can be bonded. The pressure capacity of devices tends to decrease with increasing surface roughness. A pressure capacity of 500 kPa or higher is obtained with a surface roughness of 2 nm or less. This criterion for bonding conditions can be applied to roughness formed by other methods (e.g. via a Cr layer). The proposed approach will facilitate the design and fabrication of glass micro/nanofluidic devices, especially those that complicated fabrication processes or embedding of multiple materials.
A combined MEMS thermal vacuum sensor with a wide pressure range
Authors: Yuan Chuang , Fu Jianyu , Qu Fan , Zhou Qiong
Published: November 2023

MEMS thermal vacuum sensors have been widely applied in many academic and industry fields, and pressure range is a key performance of MEMS thermal vacuum sensors. To extend the pressure range, a combined MEMS thermal vacuum sensor that consists of two diode-type MEMS thermal vacuum sensors in series is proposed in this work. The two diode-type sensors are designed to have different areas of sensitive region and distances between sensitive region and heat sink, and their responses to the pressure are from 3.0 × 10−3 to 3 × 104 Pa and from 1.7 × 10−2 to 4.4 × 105 Pa, respectively. By series-connecting them, the combined sensor achieves a pressure range of 1.3 × 10−3 to 6.9 × 105 Pa without any additional control circuit. In addition, it possesses a relatively small size of 400 × 300 μm2. These indicate that the combined MEMS thermal vacuum sensor has the characteristics of wide pressure range, high sensitivity and small size.
Optical loss analysis of Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells: A Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Hajjiah Ali
Published: November 2023

Optical loss either by light reflection, or light absorption in different layers of a solar cell, can significantly impact short-circuit current density. In this paper, an optical model has been developed to analyze the optical loss in thin film solar cells made of CdS/Sb2S3 or CdS/Sb2Se3 antimony chalcogenide. This model is based on optical loss from absorption in thin layers and reflection at the interfaces of glass/TCO/CdS/(Sb2S3 or Sb2Se3) only by considering the optical properties of layers (refractive index and extinction coefficient). The transmission and reflection rate of Sb2S3 or Sb2Se3 show almost a similar trend. The absorptivity and relative loss in short-circuit current density (Jsc) versus the thickness of Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 layers was calculated for two different structures: glass/TCO/CdS/Sb2S3 and glass/TCO/CdS/Sb2Se3. The Sb2Se3 solar cell shows a slightly better conversion performance compared to Sb2S3 solar cell due to lower reflection loss. The light reflection was calculated at four interfaces. The transmission rate of light through TCO, ITO, and CdS layers was calculated to obtain an optimal thickness for these layers. TCO showed a higher transmission rate and thus is preferred in antimony solar cell structures. The variations of (Jsc) and loss for Jsc with different thicknesses of ITO (>20%) or TCO (<20%) contact layers, favoring TCO for its lower optical losses and higher Jsc (24 mA cm−2).
Cosmic implications of the
reaction: a nuclear astrophysical perspective
Authors: Saha Soumya
Published: November 2023

We conducted a comprehensive study of the neutron capture cross section of

within the relevant astrophysical energy range. Through rigorous R-matrix analysis, we determined the Maxwellian-averaged cross section to be 11.98

0.25 μb at kT = 30 keV. This result is approximately four times higher than the thermal neutron capture cross section estimated in earlier studies assuming the

law. The implications of our findings extend to the region of inhomogeneous Big-Bang models in nuclear astrophysics, where understanding the behaviour of neutron capture cross sections plays a crucial role in elucidating the intricate processes that shaped the early universe.
Solving the strong CP problem via a
-characterized mirror symmetry*
Authors: Gu 顾 Pei-Hong 佩洪
Published: November 2023

In the standard model QCD Lagrangian, a term of CP violating gluon density is theoretically expected to have a physical coefficient

, which is typically on the order of unity. However, the upper bound on the electric dipole moment of the neutron enforces the value of

to be extremely small. The significant discrepancy between theoretical expectations and experimental results in this context is widely recognized as the strong CP problem. To solve this puzzle in an appealing context of two Higgs doublets, we propose a

-characterized mirror symmetry between two Higgs singlets with respective discrete symmetries. In our scenario, the parameter

can completely disappear from the full Lagrangian after the standard model fermions take a proper phase rotation as well as the Higgs doublets and singlets. Moreover, all of new physics for solving the strong CP problem can be allowed near the TeV scale.
The Clumpy Structure of Five Star-bursting Dwarf Galaxies in the MaNGA Survey
Authors: Ju Mengting , Yin Jun , Hao Lei , Liu Chenxu , Tsai Chao-Wei , Wang Junfeng , Shao Zhengyi , Feng Shuai , Rong Yu
Published: November 2023

The star-forming clumps in star-bursting dwarf galaxies provide valuable insights into understanding the evolution of dwarf galaxies. In this paper, we focus on five star-bursting dwarf galaxies featuring off-centered clumps in the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey. Using the stellar population synthesis software Fitting Analysis using Differential evolution Optimization, we obtain the spatially resolved distribution of the star formation history, which allows us to construct the g-band images of the five galaxies at different ages. These images can help us to probe the evolution of the morphological structures of these galaxies. While images of a stellar population older than 1 Gyr are typically smooth, images of a stellar population younger than 1 Gyr reveal significant clumps, including multiple clumps which appear at different locations and even different ages. To study the evolutionary connections of these five galaxies to other dwarf galaxies before their star-forming clumps appear, we construct the images of the stellar populations older than three age nodes, and define them to be the images of the “host” galaxies. We find that the properties such as the central surface brightness and the effective radii of the hosts of the five galaxies are in between those of dwarf ellipticals (dEs) and dwarf irregulars (dIrrs), with two clearly more similar to dEs and one more similar to dIrrs. Among the five galaxies, 8257-3704 is particularly interesting, as it shows a previous starburst event that is not quite visible from its gri image, but only visible from images of the stellar population at a few hundred million years. The star-forming clump associated with this event may have appeared at around 600 Myr ago and disappeared at around 40 Myr ago.
Derivative Spectroscopy and its Application at Detecting the Weak Emission/Absorption Lines
Authors: Yu Lihuan , Li Jiangdan , Wang Jinliang , Li Jiajia , Li Jiao , Xi Qiang , Han Zhanwen
Published: November 2023

The development of spectroscopic survey telescopes like Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Sloan Digital Sky Survey has opened up unprecedented opportunities for stellar classification. Specific types of stars, such as early-type emission-line stars and those with stellar winds, can be distinguished by the profiles of their spectral lines. In this paper, we introduce a method based on derivative spectroscopy (DS) designed to detect signals within complex backgrounds and provide a preliminary estimation of curve profiles. This method exhibits a unique advantage in identifying weak signals and unusual spectral line profiles when compared to other popular line detection methods. We validated our approach using synthesis spectra, demonstrating that DS can detect emission signals three times fainter than Gaussian fitting. Furthermore, we applied our method to 579,680 co-added spectra from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey, identifying 16,629 spectra with emission peaks around the Hα line from 10,963 stars. These spectra were classified into three distinct morphological groups, resulting in nine subclasses as follows. (1) Emission peak above the pseudo-continuum line (single peak, double peaks, emission peak situated within an absorption line, P Cygni profile, Inverse P Cygni profile); (2) Emission peak below the pseudo-continuum line (sharp emission peak, double absorption peaks, emission peak shifted to one side of the absorption line); (3) Emission peak between the pseudo-continuum line.
Composition and abundance of phytoplankton in the rearing tank of elver eels stadia with a bio-floc system
Authors: Sulawesty F , Sutrisno  , Sadi N H , Rahmadya A , Gunawan  , Triyanto  , Mardiati Y , Sudianto B T , Muit A
Published: November 2023

Bio-floc is a new technology used in fish farming systems, phytoplankton is one of the components in bio-floc so its existence is very important. The objective of this research is to study the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in the rearing container for the elver eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) bio-floc system. Observations were made on three eel rearing containers, as much as 1 liter of water was filtered using plankton net with 53 μm mesh size and preserved using Lugol’s solution. The parameters observed were the composition and abundance of phytoplankton, several environmental parameters were also analyzed to see their effect on phytoplankton. There were five classes of phytoplankton found, namely Bacillariophyceae (8 species), Chlorophyceae (9 species), Cyanophyceae (1 species), Dinophyceae (1 species), and Euglenophyceae (2 species), with the dominant species are Scenedesmus sp., Sphaerocystis sp., Oocystis sp., Gomphonema sp., Navicula sp., Rhopalodia sp., Synedra sp., and Aphanocapsa sp. The abundance values ranged from 1,785 to 925,250 individuals -1L. The composition and abundance of phytoplankton were influenced by phosphorus concentration.
Growth response and estimating heritability of synthetic base population (F0) of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) through family selection
Authors: Robisalmi A , Gunadi B , Alipin K , Lamanto  , Artati D
Published: November 2023

Red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) is widely cultivated because it has high economic value. However, at the same age, the growth and thickness of red tilapia flesh are lower than that of black tilapia, which is necessary to improve genetics, one of which is a breeding program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth performance and estimate the value of the genetic parameter of the synthetic based population (F0) of red tilapia. Spawning was done naturally using happa with 30 males and 90 females. The number of families produced was 30 families, consisting of male and female sub populations. Enlargement activities were carried out for 90 days with a stocking density of 7 fish/m2 and a frequency of feeding 2 times a day. The estimated heritability was 0.26±0.07 with a response to selection of 18.52 g (male) and 0.35±0.09 with a response to selection of 20.69 g (female). Based on these parameters, the selection process for the next generation can still be done by increasing the number of families.
Growth pattern and the condition index of nomei fish Harpodon nehereus captured with mini-trawl in Tarakan Waters
Authors: Salim G , Azis  , Prasetia A M , Meiryani  , Rukisah  , Indarjo A , Fatwa A T , Lailaturrif’ah  , Wulandari E , Jalil A , Fauzi M A , Toha T
Published: November 2023

Nomei (Harpodon nehereus) is a which is found in the northern waters of Tarakan City which has a fairly high economic value. The purpose of the study to analyze the growth patterns and condition index of the fish in Tarakan waters. The research was conducted in two periods, namely the period January-February 2022 and June-July 2022. The research method used a quantitative descriptive method. Fish samples were collected from fisher and data observed were total length, total weight, and sex. In January, the sampled H. nehereus consisted of males (n = 69) and females (n = 231) with allometric negative growth and both fat (male = 50.7%) and thin (female = 48.1%) body type were found. In February 2022, the growth of males (n = 70) and females (n = 224) were positive allometric and both type of body shape were found, with sex ratio of male 48.6% and female 51.4%. In June 2022, the growth of males (n = 980) and females (n = 680) were negative allometric with body shape of both fat (male = 48.1%) and thin (female = 48.5%). In July 2022, the growth of male (n=1197) and female (n=822) were negative allometric with body shape fat (male=49.1%) and thin (female 47.8%). A better management of aquatic biological resources, especially the stock of nomei fish (H. nehereus), is crucial for a sustainable resource.
Diet composition and feeding strategy of larvae and juveniles of green riffle goby, Stiphodon elegans in Cimaja Estuary, Indonesia
Authors: Amaliah S W , Affandi R , Simanjuntak C P H , Baihaqi F , Annida S B , Prabowo T , Romdon A
Published: November 2023

Green riffle goby, Stiphodon elegans, is an amphidromous goby living in Cimaja River, Sukabumi. Postflexion and juvenile stages of this species migrate from the sea to the river estuary for the recruitment process both in the day and nighttime. The presence of prey strongly influences the success of the recruitment process. The present study, therefore, aims to reveal the diet preferences and feeding strategies of postflexion larvae and juveniles of the green riffle goby during the recruitment process. Postflexion larvae and juveniles of S. elegans were collected day and nighttime using a lift net from December 2020 to May 2021 in the Cimaja River estuary. A total of 13,955 larvae and juveniles were captured. For diet analysis, 455 fish larvae and juveniles were analyzed, consisting of 47 larvae (8.9-11.8 BL) and 408 juveniles (11.9-21.8 BL). The diet composition of postflexion larvae comprised five genera from three different classes of benthic microalgae and zoobenthic. In comparison, fish juveniles’ prey composition comprised 15 genera from 5 different classes of benthic microalgae and zoobenthic. The postflexion larva tends to be more specialized than the juvenile in utilizing prey. There is no significant difference in the diet composition and feeding strategy of postflexion larvae and juveniles during the day and nighttime (p>0.05).
Temporal study of coral reef health in Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park
Authors: Hidayat S A , Ayuningtias A , Cahyaningrum Y M , Astrida N , Kusumo S
Published: November 2023

Coral reefs are one of ecosystems that have high biodiversity and productivity. The condition of coral reefs in Seribu Islands is currently being threatened by various marine industry development activities. This study aims to determine coral reef health in Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta. The study was conducted at eight observation stations in Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park area on 7-10 March 2022 (First Monitoring) and 31 May until 3 June 2022 (Second Monitoring). Coral reef data collecting were using Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. Reef fish data collecting were using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. While for macrobenthos data collecting were using the Belt Transect method. The coral reef health index was determined based on two main components, there are benthic component and reef fish component. Overall, coral reef health from eight observation stations during two monitoring sessions had high recovery potential, although some stations had low coral cover and low target fish biomass. In addition, several species of macrobenthos are bioindicators that can contribute to purifying waters.
Monitoring planktonic cyanobacteria in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Sulastri  , Henny C , Nomosatryo S , Susanti E , Sulawesty F
Published: November 2023

Harmful Cyanobacterial blooms are global environmental issue. Some efforts have been made to prevent and minimize their occurrence in waters. This study aims to monitor the planktonic Cyanobacteria community and environmental factors that influence their dominance in Lake Maninjau. Samples of Phytoplankton and water quality data were collected in 2001, 2005, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019. Twenty-four species of planktonic Cyanobacteria which belonged to orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, and Nostococales. Percentage of Cyanobacteria abundance ranged from 2.9% to 95.32%. High percentage of Aphanocapsa (76.21%), Anabaena (33.25%), Chroococcus (86.4%), Microcystis aeruginosa (94.37%), Oscillatoria (50.94%), and Aphanizomenon gracile (72.43%) was recorded in different periods. Cylindrosprmopsis raciborskii was often found in the lake with percentage of abundance not more than 20.75%. Cyanobacteria abundance ranged from 734.2 to 4,180,867 individualL-1. The lowest Cyanobacteria abundance was characterized by low total phosphorus and conductivity. High Cyanobacteria abundance was related to the high levels of TP, concentration, conductivity and low TN/TP ratio. Nutrient, conductivity, and temperature were also the factors that influenced the dominance of Cyanobacterial species in Lake.
The success of coral Acropora sp. transplantation with various methods in Raja Ampat Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma A N , Krisanti M , Sjafrie N D M , Kurniawan F
Published: November 2023

Climate change and anthropogenic pressures have caused massive damage and degradation of coral reef ecosystem services in almost all countries in the Indian Ocean. The status of coral reefs at 1,067 sites in Indonesia is included in the poor category with 386 sites (36.18%) and the reefs in the moderate category with 366 sites (34.3%). The condition, area, and function of this coral reef ecosystem can be restored through rehabilitation activities using the transplant method. This study aimed to determine the success of coral Acropora sp transplantation in two different methods in Raja Ampat Regency, i.e., Yensawai Village. The research was conducted from September to December 2021 using PVC and iron racks. The increase in length of coral fragments was measured using a caliper and survival was calculated for the number of coral fragments at the end of the study. The results showed that coral fragments with PVC racks had a growth rate of 0.67±0.54 mm/day and a survival rate of 81.25%, while those on iron racks had a growth rate of 0.64±0,66 mm/day and a survival rate of 90%. Both methods showed a high coral survival rate (>80%). T-test statistical analysis revealed no apparent variance between the two approaches (p= 0.85). Our findings suggest that both methods are suitable for use in Yensawai Village.
Characteristics of the aquatic environment as a basis for brackish water pond development in the Cilacap Regency Area
Authors: Utami A R , Widigdo B , Sulistiono
Published: November 2023

The coastal of Cilacap is a large aquaculture area for vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of water quality in borewell and pond as the basis for brackish water development. The research method used a descriptive method by describing the sample results compared to environmental quality standards for biota based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. Sampling was carried out monthly during May-July 2022 at 3 location. Observations were made on water physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and phosphate). Based on the analysis, it is known that the water quality of the borewell varied, namely temperature (29.75±0.96°C), pH (7.74±0.26), salinity (15±6.42%o), DO (6.52±2.83) mg/l, BOD (2.48.±1.67) mg/l, nitrate (0.43±0.38) mg/l, nitrite (0.02±0.02) mg/l, ammonia (0.46±0.30) mg/l and phosphate (0.13±0.10) mg/l. As for the pond water quality parameters, the temperature values were (30.14±1.46°C), pH (7.94±0.22), salinity (12.22±6.02%o), DO (7.58±1.30) mg/l, BOD (26.10±24.83) mg/l, nitrate (1.86±1.30) mg/l, nitrite (0.09±0.15) mg/l, ammonia (1.07±0.30) mg/l and phosphate (0.128±0.098) mg/l. Based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 it is concluded that the water conditions are still suitable for the life of aquatic biota and good enough for fishery development.
Development of eel conservation strategy
Authors: Putra M D , Taryono  , Effendi H , Kamal M M
Published: November 2023

Eel (Anguilla sp.) is one of the fish that is spread in the world into 18 types with the order Anguilliformes. Eel have a Catalan life cycle pattern which means to start living in the sea, then grow up in freshwater and return to the sea to spawn. Cimandiri River is one of the watersheds where there are many eel fish stocks and has the potential to meet the needs of eel fishing activities. Freshwater eel found in the Cimandiri River are dominated by Anguilla bicolor and Anguilla marmorata fish species. Glas eel activities in the Cimandiri River are quite massive because the high demand for enlargement companies can have an impact on the occurrence of overfishing at estuary. Community activities in agriculture both upstream and downstream can also have an impact on the sustainability of freshwater eel resources in the Cimandiri River. Sand mining carried out by the community for business and house construction as well as lack of awareness in the community can also have an impact on environmental damage. The government has imposed several rules in the management of freshwater eel in support of conservation efforts. As a form of efforts in the management of freshwater eel can be carried out, namely through an approach in realizing area management, preventing conflicts in resource utilization between sectors and environmental damage. This study aims to examine the management strategy of the eel fishing area in the Cimandiri River based on stadia. The research was conducted at the eel fishing site, both estuary, middle and upper reaches of the Cimandiri River. Data collection of respondents perpetrators of eel arrest activities and related stakeholders as key informants was carried out through in-depth interviews. The results showed that in the management of eel fish in the Cimandiri River has aggressive strategy that makes the best use of every opportunity that exists. Environmental management strategies in an effort to optimize the Cimandiri River include: making programs and policies to release (stocking) eel at least stadia yellow eel or adults for the sustainability of freshwater eel resources, increasing cooperation with the community to achieve the protection of freshwater eel habitats, and improving the quality of human resources in maintaining river sustainability.
Strain selection of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty farmed using different methods in Tablolong Waters, Kupang Regency-East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Tisera W L , Meko A U I , Supit R R L , Teffu Y H , Kase A G O
Published: November 2023

The main problem is facing in farming red algae Kappaphycus spp. in Kupang Regency are decreasing quality of seeds and the infection of ice-ice disease. This research aimed to analyze the growth of different strains of K. alvarezii farmed using different methods, and analyze which strains of K. alvareziii have high resistance to ice-ice disease. This research was carried on August to November 2020 in Tablolong waters, Kupang Regency. The strains used were Sacol from Sulamu and Semau, Tambalang (tissue culture) from Rote Island, and Cottonii strain from Pasir Panjang. The farming methods used were the Longline and Off-Bottom. The main data taken were wet weight and incidence as well as infection intensity of the disease. The study found that growth rates varied based on the strains and farming methods. Based on the strain, the Sacol strain from Sulamu gave a higher growth than the others. This strain grew and reached an average weight of 1087.5 grams at week 7; with an average specific growth of 4.87% per day. Based on the method, the longline method gave better growth compared to the off-bottom method. Regarding ice-ice disease, the Sacol strain from Sulamu gave higher resistance to disease compared to the other strains, with an average incidence of 27.26% and an infection intensity of 2.81%. The longline method provides higher disease resistance than the off-bottom method.
The density of marine debris in seaweed farming sites in Kupang Bay, East Nusa Tenggara Province – Indonesia
Authors: Kase A G O , Tisera W L , Rehatta B M , Emola I J , Bessie D M , Supit R R L , Merryanto Y , Afo A E , Meko A U I , Dawa U P L , Gadi D S , Banoet R I C , Kette A U S , Rupidara A D N , Ambariyanto
Published: November 2023

Organic and inorganic debris in the seaweed farming areas in Kupang Bay and its surroundings is a serious problem, but until now there has been no accurate scientific data on this waste, both macro and micro. This study aimed to calculate and analyze macro debris wasted in seaweed farming areas. Sampling for macro debris consists of (1) sampling of debris deposited in the farming area, using Belt Transect, (2) sampling of debris at Sea Level and Water Column. The data obtained were analyzed for absolute density (weight of waste), absolute density (number of pieces of waste), relative density (weight of waste), and relative density (number of pieces of waste). The results of this research found that the dominant debris found at the seaweed farming site in Kupang Bay and its surroundings was plastics, with a details density of 24.33 amount/1000 m2 (37.83%) in Bolok; 13.67 amount/1000 m2 (35.57%) in Tablolong; 38.00 amount/1000 m2 (74.06%) in Tesabela; 37.67 amount/1000 m2 (58.55%) in Pasir Panjang, and 87.00 amount/1000 m2 (57.90%) in Sulamu, followed by wood waste and nylon rope waste. The most dominant source of waste was the activities of seaweed farming itself.
Bioprospecting of katang-katang leaves (Ipomoea pes-caprae) from Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara: antimicrobial, antioxidant and secondary metabolites content
Authors: Nuskiya A , Sibero M T , Setyati W A , Andriani C , Hendryanti D N
Published: November 2023

Ipomoea pes-caprae (Katang-katang) is one of the vegetations that grows in coastal area. Previous studies have proven that I. pes-caprae showed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This research was conducted to characterize secondary metabolites content, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of I. pes-caprae crude extract from Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. The extraction was carried out using consecutive extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol with agitation (115 r.p.m for 24 hours). Phytochemical test and thin layer chromatography were performed to analyse the secondary metabolites in I. pes-caprae. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) was calculated using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antimicrobial activity was conducted using paper disc diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans, and C. tropicalis. Phytochemical test and TLC analysis showed that n-hexane extract contained flavonoid, tannin, and steroid; ethyl acetate extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, and terpenoid; while methanol extract contained alkaloid, tannin, and steroid. The antimicrobial activity gave negative results against all microbial pathogen. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were noted as a strong antioxidant agent with IC50 values of 65.7 ppm and 81.8 ppm. Moreover, TPC in each extract was 3.7 mg GAE/g in n-hexane extract, 6.4 mg GAE/g in ethyl acetate extract and 8.9 mg GAE/g in methanol extract.
Potency of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) vierh and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L (Lam) mangrove extracts as natural batik dye
Authors: Pringgenies D , Wijayanti D P , Rois M A , Ariyanto D
Published: November 2023

Mangroves have many environmental, ecological, economic, health and industrial benefits. One of the applications of mangroves in industry is as a natural dye for textile materials. The aim of the study was to determine the potential application of mangrove extract as a natural dye for batik, to determine the pigment content of the test sample, and to test the fastness of natural color made from leaves and bark of Avicennia marina and Bruguier gymnorrhiza, at plant ages of 5 and 10 years. Sample collection was done by picking leaves and collecting the bark of Avicennia marina and Bruguier gymnorrhiza. Color fastness to detergent washing test, wet and dry rubbing test were carried out with a crockmeter, using the Staining Scale and Gray Scale standards. UV Vis Spectrophotometry Analysis was employed to determine the pigment content. The results showed that leaf and bark extracts of Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangroves have the potential to be applied as natural dyes for batik. Mangrove natural dyes showed scores of 3, 4, and 5 on the fastness tests of dry rubbing, wet rubbing and detergent washing. These findings indicate that the natural dyes in this study have met the Indonesian National Standard, which requires a minimum score of 3.
Composite materials in wind energy: design, manufacturing, operation, and end-of-life
Authors: Griffith D. Todd , Cao Dongyang , Lu Hongbing , Qian Dong
Published: November 2023

Wind energy has consistently grown over recent decades and has grown in many aspects including in terms of installed capacities, turbine size, blade length, and grid penetration. Along with this, wind energy is one of the largest producers of composite structures, and as a result is one of the largest users of composite materials. For wind energy applications, composite materials require high reliability, low-cost, and near-term and future industry goals are to reuse or recycle composite materials. These requirements are quite challenging as wind energy faces a challenging operating environment, which puts great pressure on wind blade materials over their entire life cycle. This paper aims to examine the challenges of composite materials for wind energy applications, and to highlight a few research studies that offer potential new solutions and new insights across the entire life cycle of composites for wind energy systems ranging from the design phase, to manufacturing, to operation, and finally to the end-of-life phase.
Wind blades circularity - Resins development for improved sustainability
Authors: Stecher Harald , Salgado Francisco Javier Hierro-Olabarria
Published: November 2023

Wind turbines play a vital role in the transition to greener energy and to fight climate change. In the coming years the number of installed turbines will increase dramatically. Consequently, the sustainability and especially the circularity of wind turbine components becomes more and more important. Many components of a wind turbine are made from recyclable materials like steel or aluminum, but blades are made from composite and are with that the biggest non-recyclable structure of a wind turbine.

The resin is key for the circularity of wind blades. Glass and carbon fibers offer the strength and stiffness to build long wind blades, core materials like balsa and polymeric foams are applied to reduce weight, and the resin secures fiber straightness, transfers stresses and glues everything together. If it is possible to remove the resin in a mild and efficient way, the other materials can be recovered and reused. This is the reason why the research in the field of composites recycling has intensified over the last years.

Two main directions have been followed in the last years: Discovering a recycling method for blades and in general composite structures based on conventional resin technology or implementation of chemically modified or tailored resins for recyclability by design
Design of an element test specimen for fatigue delamination growth of a thick laminate
Authors: Erives R. , Sørensen B.F. , Samareh-Mousavi S.S. , Bangaru A. , Chen X. , Miao X.-Y. , McGugan M.
Published: November 2023

Following the observation of multiple delaminations growing from a tunnelling crack in the spar cap of a wind turbine rotor blade subjected to cyclic loading, an element test specimen is proposed. Design of the element test specimen to study fatigue delamination of a thick laminate is presented. Complexities inherent to a full structure e.g., curvatures, ply drops, manufacturing defects, etc. are removed to study the fatigue delamination damage mechanism. The element test specimen is made of unidirectional layers with two embedded artificial delamination cracks connected by a tunnelling crack. In this paper, analytical and numerical (2D) models are used to design the element test specimen.