bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La dirección escolar ante el desarrollo de la autonomía de los centros
Authors: López Martínez Antonia , Rodríguez-Gallego Margarita Rosa , Ordóñez-Sierra Rosario
Published: May 2020

Este estudio se centra, en conocer, desde el punto de vista de los directivos, las problemáticas fundamentales que encuentran en su práctica sobre el desarrollo de la autonomía en los centros y, su capacidad de gestión. La investigación presentada ha empleado una metodología cualitativa en la que han colaborado 20 directores/as, el 70% son hombres y el 30% restante mujeres. La recogida de los datos se ha realizado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, que contaron con un guion flexible de preguntas abiertas redactadas en base al desarrollo de la autonomía de los centros. Se ha desarrollado un análisis de contenido de las distintas entrevistas realizadas y se ha establecido un sistema de categorías, códigos y frecuencias que nos ha permitido establecer el peso de cada una de las categorías. Del análisis de los resultados se deducen consecuencias en las cuatro categorías estudiadas como son planificación, metodología, evaluación y mejoras para el trabajo diario en los centros.
Evolución del Estudio de la Implicación desde Tres Enfoques
Authors: Morales Murillo Catalina Patricia , McWilliam Robin , Grau Sevilla María Dolores , García Grau Pau
Published: May 2020

La implicación en las actividades del aula es relevante para el desarrollo y aprendizaje de los niños y jóvenes con y sin discapacidad. Aunque la implicación se ha estudiado en el contexto de países de lengua española, existe la necesidad de presentar una síntesis en español sobre cómo surge y se desarrolla la investigación de este constructo. Este trabajo presenta la evolución histórica del constructo de la implicación desde tres perspectivas: el tiempo en la tarea, los estudios ecológico-conductuales y la educación experiencial. Las dos primeras surgen en Estados Unidos durante los años 60 y 70, mientras que la última surge a finales de los 70 en Bélgica. Se presenta una evolución cronológica de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo desde cada una de estas perspectivas y de los retos que se presentan de cara a continuar el estudio de este constructo.
INTEGRASI MOTIF BATIK ADI PURWO DALAM PENGEMBANGAN LKS BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yuzianah Dita , Purwoko Riawan Yudi , Supriyono Supriyono , Pratiwi Indah Eka
Published: May 2020

Permasalahan pendidikan saat ini adalah kurangnya pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan kebudayaan khususnya kebudayaan daerah setempat. Hal itu mengakibatkan kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang kebudayaan daerah tempat tinggalnya. Selain itu, bahan ajar berupa LKS yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran khususnya matematika, masih sedikit yang dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan. Apabila dicermati pendidikan dan kebudayaan merupakan dua hal yang saling berkaitan dan mampu menjadi solusi dari masing-masing permasalahan apabila diterapkan dengan tepat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa LKS  berbasis etnomatematika dengan budaya batik Adi Purwo untuk siswa Sekolah Dasar pada materi bangun datar. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni wawancara, catatan lapangan, angket, dokumentasi, dan tes. Teknik analisis data kualitatif menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif untuk menjelaskan hasil pengembangan produk. Berdasarkan analisis data ditinjau dari aspek kevalidan LKS diperoleh rata-rata skor 3,85 dengan kategori “Valid”. Respon siswa terhadap LKS memperoleh rata-rata skor 3,9 dengan kategori “Praktis”, dan keefektifan dengan skor respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran sangat positif yaitu 92,9%, ketuntasan belajar 86% dari KKM 68 dengan rata-rata nilai 78,05, dan siswa mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar sehingga LKS dalam kategori “Efektif”. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKS berbasis etomatematika yang dikembangkan “Layak” digunakan sebagai bahan ajar pembelajaran matematika sekaligus penanaman karakter siswa. Kata kunci: LKS, batik, Etnomatematika, Adi Purwo
The implications of the Covid-19 pandemic on the field of education and training
Authors: Naji Abdennasser
Published: May 2020

Morocco was the first to take a set of precautionary measures aimed at curbing the spread of the virus, especially when it was found that the cases that had been discovered were all coming from abroad. The goal was not to allow the virus to infect residents of the homeland by closing the air, land and sea borders. This contributed to limiting the number of local cases without permanently canceling the occurrence of this matter. In line with the same proactive policy adopted by the state, several measures have been taken aimed at implementing the principle of social separation, which was mainly manifested in the application of quarantine to citizens. The school, which is attended by about a third of Moroccan citizens, has been decided to close since March 16, 2020, fearing that it constitutes hotbeds of the spread of the virus that are difficult to control, given the schools represent spaces for intense gathering of children and adults alike, which may provide an appropriate environment for the pandemic to spread between School population. According to UNESCO, as of April 21, 2020, 191 countries have closed their schools, outnumbering more than a billion and a half students involved in this procedure, which represents 90.2% of the total number of learners internationally. As for Morocco, it was affected by the decision to close schools 8.943.156 Moroccan students, which is equivalent to the total of learners at all levels of education at the national level. And like the rest of the world, Morocco has adopted distance learning as a solution to face the interruption of studies in educational institutions, and a digital platform has been designated for this purpose.
The 3:1 Rule
Authors: Motin Dylan
Published: May 2020

The 3:1 rule has a long history and has been used or criticized by scholars and military alike. The present article attempts to test of the 3:1 rule against historical data. It investigates the validity of the rule, whether expressed in terms of men, tanks, artillery, or combat power, by using and expanding data of past battles. Contrary to what has been stated by numerous researchers and by official publications, this study comes to the conclusion that the 3:1 rule has little applicability. This result has major implications concerning military planning and warfighting.
Supported Return to Training (The SuppoRTT Programme) –
Authors: Siddiqui Sarah , Chakravorty Indranil
Published: May 2020

The Supported Return to Training programme (SuppoRTT) was established and funded in England by the Department of Health after recommendations from various professional bodies, trade union organisations and regulatory agencies. There may be a link between the awareness raised amongst the entire profession and the public by the tragic case of the loss of life of a young boy, and the SuppoRTT programme. Although organisations have signed up to the SuppoRTT programme, and resources have been made available, there are still challenges. Principal amongst them is the lack of information amongst trainees and trainers alike, as well as the culture of ‘resilience or coping silently’ with all eventualities that is inbred in the profession to its own detriment. The lack of a supportive culture amongst peers and a stressed workplace also contributes to burnout. This article explores the challenges and offers to increase awareness. Solutions and a change of hearts and minds will have to come from within the profession.
Plant communities and their environmental drivers on an arid mountain, Gebel Elba, Egypt
Authors: Abutaha Maged M. , El-Khouly Ahmed A. , Jürgens Norbert , Oldeland Jens
Published: May 2020

Aims: Gebel Elba is an arid mountain range supporting biological diversity that is incomparable to any other region of Egypt. This mountain has a vegetation structure and floristic community similar to the highlands of East Africa and the southwestern Arabian Peninsula. We aimed to provide the first classification of the vegetation units on Gebel Elba and identify the environmental factors controlling their distribution. Study area: Wadi Yahmib and its tributaries, which drain the north-western slopes of Gebel Elba, south-eastern Egypt. Methods: On the basis of 169 relevés, we used TWINSPAN to classify the perennial vegetation. We calculated separate GAMs for the deciduous and evergreen species to describe the patterns for each leaf strategy type with elevation. We used CCA to quantify the relationship between the perennial vegetation and the studied environmental factors. To estimate diversity and our sampling strategy, we used rarefaction curves for species richness. Results: We identified seven communities along the elevational gradient of Wadi Yahmib and its tributaries. We found that each community was restricted to a confined habitat depending on its drought resistance ability. Deciduous Vachellia woodland was the main vegetation type on Gebel Elba, while evergreen Olea woodland appeared in small fragments at higher elevations. We analysed the distribution patterns of deciduous and evergreen trees along the elevational gradient. We found a turnover at 500 m, indicating a potential ecotone between the Vachellia and Olea woodlands that was occupied by a Ficus community. CCA revealed the importance of altitude and soil quality in determining the vegetation structure of Gebel Elba. The species richness increased with elevation as a result of reduced stress and increased water availability at the upper wadis. Conclusions: This study identified seven vegetation units in the study area and showed the importance of orographic precipitation, soil quality and the complex topography in determining the habitats.

Taxonomic reference: Boulos (2009); names updated according to POWO (2019).

Abbreviations: CCA = Canonical Correspondence Analysis; GAM = Generalized Additive Model; TWINSPANTWINSPAN = Two Way Indicator Species Analysis.
Mitochondrial discordance in closely related Theridion spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae), with description of a new species of the T. melanurum group
Authors: Domènech Marc , Crespo Luís C. , Enguídanos Alba , Arnedo Miquel A.
Published: May 2020

The incorporation of molecular data into current taxonomic practise has unravelled instances of incongruence among different data sets. Here we report a case of mitochondrial discordance in cobweb spiders of the genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 from the Iberian Peninsula. Morphological examination of samples from a country-wide bioinventory initiative revealed the existence of a putative new species and two nominal species belonging to the Theridion melanurum species group. The morphological delineation was supported by the molecular analysis of a nuclear marker but was at odds with the groups circumscribed by a mitochondrial marker. The causes of this discordance remained uncertain, once sample and sequencing errors and the existence of pseudogenes were discarded. The full sorting observed in the alleles of the more slowly evolving nuclear marker ruled out incomplete lineage sorting, while the geographic patterns recovered were difficult to reconciliate with ongoing hybridization. We propose that the apparent incongruence observed is most likely the result of old introgression events in a group with high dispersal abilities. We further speculate that endosymbiont-driven cytoplasmatic incompatibility could be involved in the fixation of mitochondrial haplotypes across species barriers. Additionally, we describe the new species T. promiscuumsp. nov., based on the presence of diagnostic morphological traits, backed up by the nuclear data delimitation. Our study contributes yet another example of the perils of relying on single methods or data sources to summarise the variation generated by multiple processes acting through thousands of years of evolution and supports the key role of biological inventories in improving our knowledge of invertebrate biodiversity.
Modulation of Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity in bovine intestinal epithelial cells by lactic acid bacteria isolated from feedlot cattle
Authors: Mansilla F. , Takagi M. , Garcia-Castillo V. , Aso H. , Nader-Macias M.E. , Vignolo G. , Kitazawa H. , Villena J.
Published: May 2020

The ability of lactobacilli isolated from feedlot cattle environment to differentially modulate the innate immune response triggered by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation in bovine intestinal epithelial (BIE) cells was evaluated. BIE cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus mucosae CRL2069, Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL2074, Lactobacillus fermentum CRL2085 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL2084 and challenged with heat-stable pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to induce the activation of TLR4 or with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) to activate TLR3. Type I interferons, cytokines, chemokines and negative regulators of TLR signalling were studied by RT-PCR. L. mucosae CRL2069 significantly reduced the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in BIE cells in the context of TLR3 activation. L. mucosae CRL2069 also reduced the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-β, MCP-1, and IL-8 in heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-challenged BIE cells. In addition, reduced expressions of IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-8 were found in BIE cells stimulated with L. rhamnosus CRL2084, although its effect was significantly lower than that observed for the CRL2069 strain. The reduced levels of pro-inflammatory factors in BIE cells induced by the CRL2069 and CRL2085 strains was related to their ability of increasing the expression of TLR negative regulators. L. mucosae CRL2069 significantly improved the expression of A20-binding inhibitor of NFκ-B activation 3 (ABIN-3), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MKP-1) while L. rhamnosus CRL2084 augmented ABIN-3 expression in BIE cells. The results of this work suggest that among the studied strains, L. mucosae CRL2069 was able to regulate TLR3-mediated innate immune response and showed a remarkable capacity to modulate TLR4-mediated inflammation in BIE cells. The CRL2069 strain induce the up-regulation of three TLR negative regulators that would influence nuclear factor kB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathways while reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, L. mucosae CRL2069 is an interesting immunobiotic candidate for the protection of the bovine host against TLR-mediated intestinal inflammatory damage.
Fusarium graminearum populations from maize and wheat in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Crippin T. , Limay-Rios V. , Renaud J.B. , Schaafsma A.W. , Sumarah M.W. , Miller J.D.
Published: May 2020

Ontario has suffered widespread epidemics ofFusarium Head Blight orGibberella Ear Rot roughly every five years since the late 1970s. We undertook a study of the chemotype and genotype ofFusarium graminearum isolated from 1,800 samples of wheat and maize collected across the cereal growing areas over three years. 468 isolates obtained were genotyped and 60 were selected for chemotyping. The dominant genotype has remained the native 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) population. Approximately 20% of the strains tested were of the native chemotype producing only 15-ADON and one strain producing solely 7α-hydroxy,15-deacetylcalonectrin (3ANX) was observed. The majority of the 15-ADON strains were also capable of producing 3ANX. There was consistent mismatch between chemotype and genotype. This reflects the considerable plasticity in the genes associated with trichothecene biosynthesis documented in severalFusarium species. Although there is a large gradient in climate from southern to eastern Ontario, we did not detect differences in the distribution of the chemotypes. Grain from which strains were isolated for chemotyping were analysed. Approximately half of the 53 samples had >2 mg/kg deoxynivalenol with a maximum of 400 mg/kg and median of 14 mg/kg. 7α-hydroxy,3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin (NX toxin) was detected in three of these samples at an average of 4.5 mg/kg. The stability of theF. graminearum genotype in Ontario can be explained by several factors. Since 1980, the area planted to maize has remained stable, however, the area given to wheat has about doubled. Minimum tillage was rare in 1980 but it is now the norm. Increased crop residue on the soil has greatly increased the biomass of ascocarps that overwinter. Overall, these data demonstrate the need to monitor the mycotoxins inFusarium populations and for the need to consider the potential toxicity of NX in the feed supply.
Análisis de las estructuras emergentes del castillo de La Peña, cabeza de la encomienda calatrava de Martos (Jaén)
Authors: García-Pulido Luis José , Navarro Palazón Julio , Ortega Camacho Fernando
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se aborda el análisis de los restos conservados del castillo de La Peña o fortaleza Alta de Martos (Jaén), importante yacimiento arqueológico que presenta estructuras emergentes de envergadura. Constituyó el castillo y sede principal del maestre de la Orden de Calatrava en la encomienda de Martos, territorio fronterizo con el reino nazarí de Granada entre los siglos XIII y XV, hasta que esta fortaleza fue abandonada en el siglo XVI. Además de la revisión crítica de la documentación existente sobre este singular ejemplo de arquitectura defensiva medieval, para realizar este análisis ha resultado fundamental el trabajo de campo y la elaboración de la planimetría completa y actualizada de las estructuras conservadas. Los resultados alcanzados en esta investigación arqueológica suponen un avance importante en el conocimiento de este Bien Patrimonial, y aportan nuevos datos que por ahora eran desconocidos o no se habían planteado. La documentación generada constituye la base para las intervenciones de restauración científica en este yacimiento.
Tropical Tree Species 3D Modelling and Classification Based on LiDAR Technology
Authors: Barmpoutis Panagiotis , Stathaki Tania , Lloyd Jonathan , Moura Magna Soelma Bessera de
Published: May 2020

Over the last decade or so, laser scanning technology has become an increasingly popular and important tool for forestry inventory, enabling accurate capture of 3D information in a fast and environmentally friendly manner. To this end, the authors propose here a system for tropical tree species classification based on 3D scans of LiDAR sensing technology. In order to exploit the interrelated patterns of trees, skeleton representations of tree point clouds are extracted, and their structures are divided into overlapping equal-sized 3D segments. Subsequently, they represent them as third-order sparse structure tensors setting the value of skeleton coordinates equal to one. Based on the higher-order tensor decomposition of each sparse segment, they 1) estimate the mode-n singular values extracting intra-correlations of tree branches and 2) model tropical trees as linear dynamical systems extracting appearance information and dynamics. The proposed methodology was evaluated in tropical tree species and specifically in a dataset consisting of 26 point clouds of common Caatinga dry-forest trees.
Recent Advances in Web3D Semantic Modeling
Authors: Flotyński Jakub , Malamos Athanasios G. , Brutzman Don , Hamza-Lup Felix G. , Polys Nicholas F. , Sikos Leslie F. , Walczak Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

The implementation of virtual and augmented reality environments on the web requires integration between 3D technologies and web technologies, which are increasingly focused on collaboration, annotation, and semantics. Thus, combining VR and AR with the semantics arises as a significant trend in the development of the web. The use of the Semantic Web may improve creation, representation, indexing, searching, and processing of 3D web content by linking the content with formal and expressive descriptions of its meaning. Although several semantic approaches have been developed for 3D content, they are not explicitly linked to the available well-established 3D technologies, cover a limited set of 3D components and properties, and do not combine domain-specific and 3D-specific semantics. In this chapter, the authors present the background, concepts, and development of the Semantic Web3D approach. It enables ontology-based representation of 3D content and introduces a novel framework to provide 3D structures in an RDF semantic-friendly format.
Visualization and Analysis of 3D Images Using Data Mining Approaches
Authors: Boobalan Parimala
Published: May 2020

With the recent advancements in supercomputer technologies, large-scale, high-precision, and realistic model 3D simulations have been dominant in the field of solar-terrestrial physics, virtual reality, and health. Since 3D numeric data generated through simulation contain more valuable information than available in the past, innovative techniques for efficiently extracting such useful information are being required. One such technique is visualization—the process of turning phenomena, events, or relations not directly visible to the human eye into a visible form. Visualizing numeric data generated by observation equipment, simulations, and other means is an effective way of gaining intuitive insight into an overall picture of the data of interest. Meanwhile, data mining is known as the art of extracting valuable information from a large amount of data relative to finance, marketing, the internet, and natural sciences, and enhancing that information to knowledge.
Emotion Identification With Smartphones to Improve the Elder Quality of Life Using Facial Recognition Techniques
Authors: Bonilla Sheila , Moguel Enrique , Garcia-Alonso José , Berrocal Javier , Murillo Juan M.
Published: May 2020

The increase in the elderly population today is a fact. This group of people needs day-to-day care due to their age, and, in addition, they often have health problems. Technology can be used to mitigate these problems. However, it must be borne in mind that most of this population is currently unable to get the most out of electronic devices. To help elders benefit from these devices, systems adapted to their needs, and preferences are needed. In particular, systems that use the elders' contextual information to integrate several aspects of eldercare and adapt them to each elder would provide significant benefits. In this case, the emotions will be used to recognize to what extent an elderly person needs care at certain times of the day and to adapt surrounding IoT systems to their needs and moods. For this purpose, this chapter proposes to use smartphones as the devices that centralize contextual information of the elders, focusing on emotion recognition.
Contribution of an Intelligent Virtual Assistant to Healthy Ageing in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pereira Guerreiro Mara , Brito Félix Isa , Balsa João , Carmo Maria Beatriz , Henriques Maria Adriana , Cavaco Afonso , Cláudio Ana Paula
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes the development of a theory-driven and evidence-based digital intervention to facilitate self-care in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and, additionally, its contribution to healthy aging and the individual care plan. T2D is highly prevalent in older adults. Difficulties in adopting and maintaining desirable self-care behaviors is associated with lack of glycemic control and subsequent complications, which significantly burden patients, their families, and the health system. The VASelfCare (Virtual Assistant Self-Care) intervention is a software application that provides an interface with a 3D anthropomorphic virtual assistant targeting three key self-care behaviors: medication-taking, physical activity, and a healthy diet. Other VASelfCare elements are intended for nurses providing diabetes consultations, including a web-based back-office with a patient data dashboard, which streamlines integration of care. The application prototype has been co-produced with older adults with T2D, primary care health professionals, and other stakeholders.
Design Thinking for Technology Supporting Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Developing Countries
Authors: Budree Adheesh , Kathard Harsha
Published: May 2020

This research is concerned with analysing the value of using participatory design, and in particular the design thinking methodology, as a basis for the participative development of interfacing technology for use by individuals with neuro-developmental disorders, with a particular focus on developing economies with restrictions in budget and know-how. It becomes crucial as our knowledge expands to ensure that tools developed to assist individuals with neurological disorders to live a full and independent life are designed in conjunction with the users concerned. Inclusive design, however, is not limited to the technology itself, but rather taking into account the individual as well as the wider community in the design. Design needs to also be based in social accessibility to counter stigmas and ableism views. This study found that design thinking has proven to be an effective framework for involving individuals with neuro-developmental disorders to come up with solutions that address their needs and should be used in future implementations in order to assess the results.
Gifts as Language
Authors: Duarte Alice
Published: May 2020

This chapter addresses the issue of gifts as a language of sociability. The culture of our industrial and post-industrial societies over the last centuries has largely become a culture based on mass-produced and mass-distributed objects. There is no doubt that people use these commodities as part of processes within which social and moral considerations come into play, but this is hardly explained in phenomenological terms. This chapter proposes to analyse consumption as a cultural practice, pointing out the instrumental role of commodities as a language available to social actors to express and to communicate. It highlights some aspects of the gift code between relatives, the key purpose of which is to explain how interpersonal relations are produced through the exchange of gifts between subjects, in this case linked by family ties. There is a significant degree of diversity in the exchange of gifts between relatives, encompassing emotionally charged contexts. The author conducted a qualitative research consisting of in-depth interviews and ethnography in Northern Portugal.
Consumer Acceptance and Resistance Factors Toward Smart Retail Stores
Authors: Attié Elodie , Meyer-Waarden Lars , Bachié Eric
Published: May 2020

The internet of things (IoT) allows companies to better understand consumers' needs while improving sales conditions (e.g., easier access to products and information, gain of time for employees and consumers, smart entertaining environments, etc.). However, digitalizing a store is an investment. Therefore, it is necessary for managers to know consumers' expectations and the perceived benefits and risks for both managers and consumers. This chapter studies the academic literature and managers opinions about consumers' attitudes toward the acceptance of smart retail stores. More specifically, the roles of consumer well-being, social image, utility value, human value, privacy concerns, technology trust, health concerns, and different personality traits toward smart retail stores are discussed.
Dwelling and Cult in the Life and Culture of the Ancient Georgians
Authors: Bukhrashvili Paata
Published: May 2020

As a consequence of long-term organic integration with their homeland, a characteristic lifestyle developed among the Georgians. This is particularly evident in the richly variegated customs, traditions, and norms of everyday behavior. To a significant degree they are conditioned by thousands of years of adaptation to the environment, and its associated biocultural and socio-economic forms. From the earliest times these complexes of economic-cultural relations implied the possession of the land by social units – families – on the basis of juridical norms founded upon blood relationship. Such relations were firmly grounded upon common tribal shrines, through which was acknowledged the tribal territory's chief patron and regulator. It follows that each land-owning family of the tribe, on the basis of vassalage to the shrine, was directly responsible before the shrine, and, accordingly, the moral comportment of each tribal member was marked by deep and honest respect for the deity.
Automotive Sector Moving Towards Mobility Companies
Authors: Almeida Marlene
Published: May 2020

The global automotive industry is both vast in its complexity and vital to the lifestyles of many residents in the industrialized world. Cars not only make transportation easier, but are associated with a sense of freedom and economic accomplishment. A better understanding of people's lifestyles, values, and mobility needs has led the automakers to redefine their long-term strategies as a base to a new development of products/services to support the new mobility. This chapter highlights the challenges and the main disrupting factors for the automotive sector to move towards mobility companies. This chapter gives a close look to understand how the industry has been influenced by different trends in an evolving society and what technologies have been playing a key role for the future mobility companies. Case studies of leading companies are given as examples for a future vision. This chapter is addressed to academics and professionals interested in mobility and in understanding how automotive sector landscapes are changing in a changing society.
Research Project's Solution of Communicative-Cognitive Problem-Based Tasks of Flexible Foreign Language Reading
Authors: Serova Tamara Sergeevna , Pipchenko Elena Leonidovna
Published: May 2020

The points of techniques of students' communicative-cognitive problem-based tasks solution concerning foreign language flexible reading interrelated with writing, speaking, and listening have been considered; methodological aspects of the research were revealed; problems of organization of speech communication aimed at exchange of new information were outlined. The chapter describes four stages of work aimed at solution of the problem-based tasks and mentions active work of students with numerous texts, their fragments in relation to the extraction, conceptualization and comprehension of information on the basis of the six steps algorithm. The character of every step giving the examples of the achieved goals-results are disclosed. On the basis of the research, the authors have concluded that flexible reading allows students to extract information and create their own oral and written texts; the technology of training is the efficient method of formation of the key notions by means of lexical instrument.
Promoting Reflective Thinking in Adult Learners
Authors: Nolfi Tricia S.
Published: May 2020

Case studies delivered in the online discussion environment offer many benefits for adult learners, including development as a reflective practitioner. The online case-based discussion helps learners develop into reflective practitioners and understand the finer points as to why things are done rather than simply how they are done. This approach is an effective tool for adult learners to enhance their ability to address ill-structured problems, those that are complex and controversial in nature. They become adept at engaging in salient dialogue, which, in turn, expands their reflective thinking skills. This chapter, grounded in a heutagogical approach, explores the use of the case studies in an online discussion format to promote reflective judgment capabilities. Focus is placed on the function and structure of online case-based discussions and methods for assessing learning outcomes.
Which Window Is Open?
Authors: Blankenship Rebecca J.
Published: May 2020

Engaging in reflective practice is certainly not a new concept in the field of teacher education. Over the course of their pre-service training, teacher candidates characteristically experience changes in their teaching philosophy, and by extension, their pedagogic identities. Typically, these changes occur at the initial, midpoint, and final stages of the candidacy resulting from iterative reflective practices demonstrated through coursework and field experiences. Traditional models of teaching and learning situate these reflections through exchanges of experiences during discussions in face-to-face classroom or field-based settings. However, as existing and emerging technologies continue to impact teaching and learning in the 21st century, teacher preparation programs must respond in kind by adapting courses and aligning curricula to be responsive in the short term and nimble enough in the long term to change as institutions of higher education are only at the precipice of understanding the deeper impact of technology on teaching and learning.
Promoting Peer-to-Peer Synchronous Online Discussions
Authors: Wu Sumei , Ware Paige , Liaw Meei-Ling
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines ways to support peer-to-peer synchronous discussions that move beyond the basic exchange of information toward complex online intercultural communication. It begins by providing an overview of the affordances and challenges of online communication tools. It then explores how tasks and facilitation protocols were structured into small-group interactions through the lens of a case study in which teachers from Taiwan and the United States collaborated for 13 weeks in an online project, for which a structured facilitation protocol was designed based on a framework from teacher education, the Principled Use of Video. It draws on examples from the teachers' peer-to-peer interactions to highlight ways in which the tasks and protocols elicited intercultural discussions focused on topics of importance to their unique contexts. It ends by summarizing key takeaways with an emphasis on pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research.
Emerging Opportunities for Blockchain Use by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing Economies
Authors: Kwofie Benjamin , Tetteh Emmanuel Dortey
Published: May 2020

The blockchain digital technology holds immense possibilities for the growth and development of developing economies such as Ghana. Since the emergence of blockchain technology, many developing economies have as yet to tap into its limitless possibilities with Ghana being no exception. In this chapter, the authors explore the possibilities for the blockchain for SMEs in developing economies like Ghana with a view to identifying the properties of a blockchain ecosystem that will facilitate their development, adoption, and use by SMEs.
When Trust is not Enough to Mobilize Blockchains
Authors: Williams Idongesit
Published: May 2020

The Mobilization Decision theory provides an insight into why mobilization occurs and the factors that result in mobilization. In the last decade, blockchain technology has been touted as a technology that facilitates trust between unknown parties. Trust is at the core of all human interaction, be it commercial or social. However, the global adoption of blockchain is low. At a global scale, relatively few organizations have mobilized blockchain to either handle or support their organizational processes. In order to understand why this is the case, the mobilization decision theory is used to explain why the global adoption of blockchain is low and what needs to change to facilitate its widespread adoption at a global scale.
Teaching Reading to Young English Language Learners Through Folk Literature
Authors: Erdogan Nabat
Published: May 2020

The lack of sufficient reading ability and, consequently, inadequate reading achievement continue to affect large student populations in U.S. schools. English language learners (ELLs), who represent the fastest growing segment of student population in the U.S., constitute one of the largest groups of students who perform poorly on state reading tests. There are many factors contributing to English learners' low reading skills. One of these factors is the lack of appropriate and interesting reading materials or insufficient attention to effective text selection. What kind of texts are considered appropriate for language learners? Effective texts for ELLs should be age-appropriate, language-appropriate, culturally relevant, entertaining, and interesting. This chapter suggests that folktales possess many characteristics of effective texts and can serve as a valuable resource for improving young English learners' literacy skills in English. The chapter exemplifies different characteristics of folktales and provides recommendations for the use of folk literature in the language classroom.
Innovation in Foreign Language Literature Didactics in Higher Education
Authors: Pérez-Cabello Ana María
Published: May 2020

This chapter sets out specific principles for literature in foreign language didactics, specifically, in Higher Education. Three related areas are combined: didactics, literature, and language. The state of the art is presented from the General Didactics to the Foreign Language Didactics. Then, research turns to the scope of EHEA. The objectives of this chapter are mainly two. On the hand, it analyses the evolution in the state of the art of literature in foreign language didactics, and, on the other, it compiles principles to create a working method that brings students closer to their future profession and prepares them as competent professionals.
Stability of Strength Characteristics of Hardened by Deformation AMg6 Alloy during High-Speed Heating
Authors: Koryagin Yu.D. , Il'in S.I. , Shaburova Nataliya
Published: May 2020

The results were shown in influence of fast heating parameters on the structure and properties of cold-worked alloy AMg6 with original hot-forged structure. Based on the measured data, the change of mechanical properties of cold-worked alloy AMg6 during the process of short duration heating was evaluated. There was reviewed the role of the temperature and the time of heat on the processes of softening the samples of cold-worked alloy AMg6. The stability of mechanical characteristics of hammer-hardened alloy AMg6 under elevated test temperatures was evaluated. It is shown that the return processes in cold-deformed AMg6 alloy during heating in the temperature range studied receive the most intensive development in the first 5–10 minutes, reducing the hardening effect from cold deformation, determined by tensile strength, respectively: by 8–9% with 100 °C; 26–27% at 150 °C; 37–38% at 200 °C; 42–44% at 250 °C and 50% at 300 °C. A decrease in the yield strength during high-speed heating in the temperature range studied is much faster ,compared with the change in the tensile strength. Hour exposure at 200 °C reduces the hardening effect on the yield strength from 340 MPa to 258 MPa, while the tensile strength decreases from 430 MPa to 385 MPa.
Investigation of Nitrogen Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Maznichevsky Alexander N. , Sprikut Radii V. , Goikhenberg Yuri N.
Published: May 2020

An important factor in solving the problem of stainless steel corrosion resistance is carbon concentration reduction. However, a decrease in carbon content of austenitic steels leads to a drop in level of their strength properties. Theoretically, nitrogen alloying can lead to a strength increase in all types of austenitic corrosion-resistant steels. Practically, nitrogen alloying is effectively only with low-carbon compositions. This work shows the effect of nitrogen on the mechanical properties of middle-alloying nitrogen, containing stainless steel, and a study of AISI 304L and pilot steel with different nitrogen content (from 0.16 to 0.30 wt. %). Nitrogen increases strength of steel, which is approximately 30-60% higher than for steel without nitrogen, but reduces technological plasticity. Pilot steels show high corrosion resistance and fine austenite grains.
The Effects of Alkaline Earth Metals on the Structure of Sodium Borosilicate Glasses: 11B and 29Si NMR Study
Authors: Eremyashev Viacheslav E. , Osipova Leyla M. , Shenderovich Ilya
Published: May 2020

The effect of substitution of alkaline earth metals for sodium on the structure of alkali borosilicate glasses had been studied using the solid-state 11B and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra enable to evaluate the relative mole fractions of different silicon and boron structural units in studied samples. The obtained results demonstrate that alkaline earth metals increase the polymerization degree of the silicon structural units at the expense of de-polymerization of the boron units. The reason for these changes is preferential coordination of sodium and alkaline earth metals to the boron units, that increases strongly for the studied alkaline earth metals.
The Identification of the Mineralogical Composition of Converter Slags on the Basis of Testing and Diagnostics
Authors: Goncharova Margarita A. , Tkacheva Irina A. , Zagorulko Maxim G.
Published: May 2020

The paper describes a methodological system of testing and diagnosing technogenic waste to create new construction composites. The converter slag structure is shown both in the form of lump materials and on the nanoscale. The results of determining the mineralogical composition of converter slags are also presented. Petrographic research of slags and their X-ray diffraction analysis are conducted with the results shown. Special attention is paid to the atomic force microscopy method. It shows that the composing minerals have unique features of the surface topography with the indication of averaged statistical data of characteristics. In further research, this experience can significantly ease the task of determining the bi-calcium silicate in the structure of other types of metallurgical slags. The information about the morphological features of the structure of various minerals will help to use this method as independent in determining the mineralogical composition of the observed materials.
The Effect of Manganese-Containing Pigment on the Strength of Ceramic Bricks
Authors: Pavlova Irina A. , Sapozhnikova Maria , Farafontova Elena P.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of investigation concerning using a high-temperature pigment based on synthetic tri-manganese tetra-oxide (Mn3O4) in the production of volume-colored bricks using red-burning clay. It is established that the introduction of a pigment in the amount of 2–4% results in a rich dark brown brick. At the same time, the intensity of the color increases with an increase in the pigment concentration from 2 to 4% and a brick firing temperature from 800 to 950°C. It has been established that with the introduction of pigment the strength of the obtained brick samples decreases, as well as the frost resistance.
Influence of Homogenization Heat Treatment and Cooling Modes on Microstructure of AA7475 Aluminum Alloy Ingot
Authors: Reznik Pavel L. , Ovsyannikov Boris V.
Published: May 2020

Microstructure evolution during the homogenization heat treatment of an Al-Zn-Cu-Mg (AA7475, which is typically used for the manufacture of aircraft design) alloy, was investigated using a combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Ingots after different types (one-or two-steps treatments) of temperatures (from 380 to 510 °C) of homogenization and cooling conditions (cooling with an air or quenching to water) were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of ingot presents a typical microstructure with some isolated Al7Cu2Fe particles, which after homogenization almost remains in both the size and morphology. The structure ingot after homogenization below 400 °C contains secondary phases, based on η (MgZn2), S (Al2CuMg) and T (Al2Mg3Zn3) are distributed along the grain boundary. In the T (Al2Mg3Zn3) phase copper dissolves up to 30 wt.%. Then the increase in temperature and the complication of heat treatment of homogenization, which led to the complication of the kinetics of the evolution of inter-dendritic phases, were found. The two-steps homogenization has a better effect than a single homogenization, as its completely dissolution of non-equilibrium phases was established.
Removal of Copper from the Sulphide Copper Smelting Waste Slag
Authors: Lykasov Aleksander A. , Ryss Grigoriy M. , Ponomarev Dmitrij A.
Published: May 2020

The applicability of chloridizing roasting for removal of copper from the sulphide copper smelting waste slag of the ”Karabashmed'” copper-smelting plant is investigated. Calcium chloride CaCl2was used as chlorination agent. It is established that the chlorinating roasting of the initial slag presented by fayalite 2FeO∙SiO2, hasn't led to noticeable removal of copper. Considerable degree of removal of copper (more than 90 %) has been reached as a result of the chlorinating of preliminary oxidized slag in which fayalite was oxidized to form Fe2O3and SiO2. Using a fractional factorial experiment 23–1, dependence of degree of copper removal from preliminary oxidized slag upon temperature of the chlorinating roasting, time of isothermal roasting period and content of CaCl2was established. It is found that increase of temperature and of CaCl2content leads to increase in degree of copper removal. The influence of time of isothermal roasting period in the studied interval (2–4 h) is statistically insignificant.
Mechanochemical Processes in the System “Titanium - Heptane” during Ball Milling
Authors: Kanunnikova Olga M. , Aksenova V.V. , Dorofeev G.A.
Published: May 2020

The transformations of the solid and liquid phases at high energy planetary ball milling of heptane together with titanium powder were investigated. The sequence of structural heptane transformations using UV-and FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated. Phase constitutions of ball milled titanium powders were studied by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that mechanically induced destruction of heptane occurs by the mechanism of catalytic cracking. The main solid products of the mechanosynthesis were hexagonal (HCP) and cubic (FCC) titanium carbohydrides. Evolution of lattice parameters, crystallite sizes, and micro-stresses of the solid phases during ball milling as a function of the ball milling time have been discussed.
Mechanics of the H-Beam Rolling in the Universal Beam Groove
Authors: Shvarts Danil L. , Nepryakhin Sergey O.
Published: May 2020

The formulation and solution of the problem of double-T section rolling in universal groove using the variational principle of minimum total power with aim to determine integral forming and energy-power parameters are presented. Geometrical model of the deformation zone and the kinematically admissible velocity field were constructed accurate within two unknowns: forward slip coefficient ν, flange spread (pulling-down) . The comparison of the calculated values with the experimental data obtained on a laboratory mill 200 confirmed that the variational principle of minimum total power has sufficient accuracy for analysis of double-T section rolling in universal groove. The mean statistical error of torque calculation is 12.3 % while load calculation is 18.7 %.
Investigation into the Flanging Process with Minimal Thickness Variation
Authors: Demyanenko E.G. , Popov I.P.
Published: May 2020

In this paper the mechanic of forming the parts is investigated by conducting the experiments, performed using the device for the implementation of the novel method based on flanging process.