bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New finite volume approach for multidimensional Smoluchowski equation on nonuniform grids
Authors: Singh Mehakpreet
Published: June 2021

This present work is based on developing a deterministic discrete formulation for the approximation of a multidimensional Smoluchowski (Coalescence) equation on a nonuniform grid. The mathematical formulation of the proposed method is simpler, easy to implement, and focuses on conserving the first‐order moment. The new scheme resolved the issue of mass conservation along individual components in contrast to the existing scheme which focuses only on conservation of the total mass of all components. The validation of the new scheme is conducted against the existing scheme by considering some classical tests. The comparison reveals that the new scheme has the ability to compute the higher‐order moments with higher accuracy than the existing scheme on a coarse grid without taking any specific measures. For the higher‐dimensional population balance equations, the mixing of components quantified using parameter is also computed accurately and efficiently using a very coarse nonuniform grid.
The importance of skin area and gender in ticklishness
Authors: Svebak Sven
Published: June 2021

The importance of skin area and gender in ticklishness was explored in the present study. No previous report has been published on stimulation of the body surface exposed when dressed in a swimsuit (supine and prone positions), and the use of a feather has not been reported before. Fifty‐seven university students volunteered (female N = 26, age range: 19–25, mean = 22.4; male N = 31, age range: 20–26, mean = 23.1). Sessions were videotaped for scoring of local involuntary muscle contractions (IMC) and laughter. Smiles were not scored because the face was not visible in the prone position. Subjective ticklishness was scored on a visual analogue scale. Areas that gave rise to ticklishness, were hatched onto a figure of the body. A two‐factor design (gender of tickler by gender of ticklee) explored effects on dependent measures. Results showed that laughter was most frequent in female ticklees, disregarding the gender of the tickler. Subjective ticklishness and IMC scored high in opposite gender constellations. Ticklish areas included the ankles, knees, medial sides of the thighs and legs, lateral sides of the upper part of the body, elbows, the upper parts of arms, and the neck and shoulders. It was proposed that laughter in response to tickling stimulation might express gender stereotypes of socio‐expressive behavior in playful social interaction, whereas IMC and subjective ticklishness may reflect biological components of playfulness in opposite gender constellations when tickled by a feather.
Health technologies for the prevention and detection of falls in adult hospital inpatients: a scoping review
Authors: Cooper Kay , Pavlova Anastasia , Greig Leon , Swinton Paul , Kirkpatrick Pamela , Mitchelhill Fiona , Simpson Susan , Stephen Audrey , Alexander Lyndsay
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review was to examine and map the evidence relating to the reporting and evaluation of technologies for the prevention and detection of falls in adult hospital inpatients.

Introduction:

Falls are a common cause of accidental injury, leading to significant safety issues in hospitals globally, and resulting in substantial human and economic costs. Previous research has focused on community settings with less emphasis on hospital settings.

Inclusion criteria:

Participants included adult inpatients, aged 18 years and over; the concept included the use of fall-prevention or fall-detection technologies; the context included any hospital ward setting.

Methods:

This scoping review was conducted according to JBI methodology for scoping reviews, guided by an a priori protocol. A wide selection of databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, PEDro, Epistimonikos, and Science Direct were searched for records from inception to October 2019. Other sources included gray literature, trial registers, government health department websites, and websites of professional bodies. Only studies in the English language were included. A three-step search strategy was employed, with all records exported for subsequent title and abstract screening prior to full-text screening. Screening was performed by two independent reviewers and data extraction by one reviewer following agreement checks. Data are presented in narrative and tabular form.

Results:

Over 13,000 records were identified with 404 included in the scoping review: 336 reported on fall-prevention technologies, 51 targeted detection, and 17 concerned both. The largest contributions of studies came from the USA (n=185), Australia (n=65), the UK (n=36), and Canada (n=18). There was a variety of study designs including 77 prospective cohort studies, 33 before-after studies, and 35 systematic reviews; however, relatively few randomized controlled trials were conducted (n = 25). The majority of records reported on multifactorial and multicomponent technologies (n = 178), followed by fall detection devices (n = 86). Few studies reported on the following interventions in isolation: fall risk assessment (n = 6), environment design (n = 8), sitters (n = 5), rounding (n = 3), exercise (n = 3), medical/pharmaceutical (n = 2), physiotherapy (n = 1), and nutritional (n = 1). The majority (57%) of studies reported clinical effectiveness outcomes, with smaller numbers (14%) reporting feasibility and/or acceptability outcomes, or cost-effectiveness outcomes (5%).

Conclusions:

This review has mapped the literature on fall-prevention and fall-detection technology and outcomes for adults in the hospital setting. Despite the volume of available literature, there remains a need for further high-quality research on fall-prevention and fall-detection technologies.
An interactive gravitational-wave detector model for museums and
fairs
Authors: Cooper S. J. , Green A. C. , Middleton H. R. , Berry C. P. L. , Buscicchio R. , Butler E. , Collins C. J. , Gettings C. , Hoyland D. , Jones A. W. , Lindon J. H. , Romero-Shaw I. , Stevenson S. P. , Takeva E. P. , Vinciguerra S. , Vecchio A. , Mow-Lowry C. M. , Freise A.
Published: June 2021

In 2015, the first observation of gravitational waves marked a breakthrough in astrophysics and in technological research and development. The discovery of a gravitational-wave signal from the collision of two black holes, a billion light-years away, received considerable interest from the media and public. We describe the development of a purpose-built exhibit explaining this new area of research to a general audience. The core element of the exhibit is a working Michelson interferometer: a scaled-down version of the key technology used in gravitational-wave detectors. The Michelson interferometer is integrated into a hands-on exhibit, which allows for user interaction and simulated gravitational-wave observations. An interactive display provides a self-guided explanation of gravitational-wave related topics through video, animation, images, and text. We detail the hardware and software used to create the exhibit, and discuss two installation variants: An independent learning experience in a museum setting (the Thinktank Birmingham Science Museum) and a science-festival with the presence of expert guides (the 2017 Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition). We assess audience reception in these two settings, describe the improvements we have made given this information, and discuss future public-engagement projects resulting from this work. The exhibit is found to be effective in communicating the new and unfamiliar field of gravitational-wave research to general audiences. An accompanying website provides parts lists and information for others to build their own version of this exhibit.
Evaluation of eustachian tube function using a portable device
Authors: Asakura T. , Ishii T. , Miwa M.
Published: June 2021

The present paper investigates a portable eustachian-tube-function testing device by sonotubometry based on pure-tone sound transmission via the eustachian tube (ET). The measured results obtained by the proposed method were validated through comparison with the existing testing technique based on broadband sound inspection. The measurement results for the ET opening time (Topen) and the sound pressure difference in the ear canal between open and closed ETs (ΔL) obtained using pure-tone sounds with tonal frequency components of 7.0 and 9.5 kHz generally agreed with the results obtained by the existing technique with broadband testing sound.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Antifungal Activity of Buparvaquone against
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Authors: Borba-Santos Luana Pereira , Barreto Thayná Lopes , Vila Taissa , Chi Kung Darh , dos Santos Monti Fabiana , de Farias Marconi Rodrigues , Alviano Daniela S. , Alviano Celuta S. , Futuro Débora O. , Ferreira Vitor , de Souza Wanderley , Ishida Kelly , Rozental Sonia
Published: June 2021

Sporotrichosis has become an important zoonosis in Brazil, and
Sporothrix brasiliensis
is the primary species transmitted by cats. Improvement of animal treatment will help control and limit the spread and geographic expansion of sporotrichosis.
Bubble concept for sporting tournaments during the COVID-19 pandemic: Football Club World Cup
Authors: Massey Andrew , Lindsay Sarah , Seow Dexter , Gordon Jonny , Lowe David J
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To report the person-to-staff transmission of COVID-19 with the implementation of a bubble concept that included testing, hygiene, distancing and monitoring strategies to mitigate risks.

Methods

A prospective case series included all staff on-site involved in the Football Club World Cup. The tournament was conducted within ‘bubbles’. All personnel travelling to the tournament were required to be in possession of a negative RT-PCR test within 72 hours of arrival and subjected to a testing schedule during the tournament. Each location was assigned a COVID-19 protocol enforcement officer to ensure adherence to regular testing, hygiene measures, physical distancing and daily symptom reporting (via ScribePro app).

Results

The study involved 70 recruited staff with a combined 1321 test days on the symptom checker app. The mean number of days completed on the symptom checker app was 18.87 days (range: 7–28). Of the five questions asked as part of the daily symptom checker, only one was answered positively (0.015%). This individual was isolated, assessed within 20 min and tested. The initial diagnosis was likely a non-COVID-19-related viral illness. Further testing returned three negative tests during the remainder of the tournament.

Conclusions

There was no person-to-staff transmission of COVID-19 during the tournament within our sample. The organisation of a sporting tournament during the COVID-19 pandemic is possible with risk mitigation strategies. These strategies include setting up a bubble with regular testing, hygiene measures, physical distancing and daily symptom reporting.
Anomalous coronary artery origin from the opposite sinus in patients with bicuspid aortic valve: comparison with tricuspid aortic valve
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saarwaani , Fuchs Margaret , Yang Li-Tan , Medina Inojosa Jose , Tajouri Tanya H , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice , Phillips Sabrina D , Gulati Rajiv , Klarich Kyle W , Michelena Hector
Published: June 2021

Objective

To compare the prevalence and patterns of anomalous coronary artery origin from the opposite sinus (ACAOS) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV).

Methods

Retrospective review of consecutive patients with surgically excised BAV and TAV was performed from 1994 to 2015. Clinical notes, echocardiograms, coronary angiograms, CT angiographies, and pathology reports were reviewed. ACAOS included right coronary artery from the left cusp, left circumflex artery from the right cusp and left main or left anterior descending artery from the right cusp.

Results

2371 (years 1994–2015) and 1679 (years 2009–2015) consecutive patients with pathology-confirmed BAV and TAV, respectively, and defined preoperative coronary anatomy were identified. A left dominant coronary circulation was present in 386 (18%) patients with BAV and 179 (11%) patients with TAV (p<0.001). ACAOS was identified in 43 (1.8%) patients with BAV and 15 (0.9%) patients with TAV, p=0.02. Among patients with BAV and ACAOS, the most common phenotype was right-left fusion (n=34, 79%) with present raphe (n=36, 84%), with no association between BAV phenotype and ACAOS type. On multivariate analysis, BAV status and size of the mid-ascending aorta were independently associated with ACAOS (OR 3.29; CI 1.26 to 8.6; p=0.02; OR 0.93; CI 0.87 to 0.98; p=0.01; respectively). Only two patients with ACAOS, one with BAV and one with TAV, had a perioperative coronary ischaemic event.

Conclusions

The prevalence of the potentially malignant ACAOS is significantly higher (threefold higher odds) in patients with BAV as compared with TAV, yet remains uncommon in absolute terms. Most patients with BAV and ACAOS had right-left cusp fusion and present raphe. Perioperative coronary events are rare in patients with ACAOS.
On the Value of Penalties in Time-Inconsistent Planning
Authors: Albers Susanne , Kraft Dennis
Published: June 2021

People tend to behave inconsistently over time due to an inherent present bias. As this may impair performance, social and economic settings need to be adapted accordingly. Common tools to reduce the impact of time-inconsistent behavior are penalties and prohibition. Such tools are called commitment devices. In recent work Kleinberg and Oren [6, 7] connect the design of prohibition-based commitment devices to a combinatorial problem in which edges are removed from a task graph
G
with
n
nodes. However, this problem is NP-hard to approximate within a ratio less than √n/3 [2]. To address this issue, we propose a penalty-based commitment device that does not delete edges but raises their cost. The benefits of our approach are twofold. On the conceptual side, we show that penalties are up to 1/β times more efficient than prohibition, where β ϵ (0,1] parameterizes the present bias. On the computational side, we significantly improve approximability by presenting a 2-approximation algorithm for allocating the penalties. To complement this result, we prove that optimal penalties are NP-hard to approximate within a ratio of 1.08192.
Simple manipulative of gross organization of skeletal muscle: enhancing learning among students offline and online
Authors: Jagzape Arunita , Gupta Ankit , Ghritlahre Nilabh
Published: June 2021

Understanding the gross organization of skeletal muscle is critical to understanding the mechanism of action of muscle physiology. Due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), many colleges have had to discontinue or curtail teaching and laboratory activities. Whether students are in the classroom or learning online, it is important for them to understand the basics of skeletal muscle organization that allows for movement. Manipulatives have been shown to enhance student learning and understanding in many fields, including physiology. This gives instructors an easy-to-follow tool for making a manipulative that allows students to see the organization of the skeletal muscle. Students can make this manipulative themselves from supplies commonly found in the home or office.
Development of a Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature to Predict the Prognosis and Immune Landscape of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhou Ranran , Liang Jingjing , Tian Hu , Chen Qi , Yang Cheng , Liu Cundong
Published: June 2021

The tight relationship between ferroptotic cell death and immune response demonstrated by recent studies enlightened us to detect the underlying roles of ferroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (frlncRNAs) in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer (BCa). We collected 121 ferroptosis regulators from previous studies. Based on their expression values, 408 cases with BCa were clustered. The patients in different clusters showed diverse immune infiltration, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy effectiveness, revalidating the tight correlation with ferroptosis and tumor immunity. Through differential, coexpression, Kaplan-Meier, Lasso, and Cox analysis, we developed a 22-lncRNA-pair signature to predict the prognosis of BCa based on gene-pair strategy, where there is no need for definite expression values. The areas under the curves are all over 0.8. The risk model also helped to predict immune infiltration, immunotherapeutic outcomes, and chemotherapy sensitivity. Totally, the prognostic assessment model indicated a promising predictive value, also providing clues for the interaction between ferroptosis and BCa immunity.
Establishment of Rutting Model of Wheel‐Tracking Test for Real‐Time Prediction of Rut Depth of Asphalt Layers
Authors: Zhao Yulong , Gao Ying , Zhang Ke , Zhang Yao , Yu Mingce
Published: June 2021

The construction process control of asphalt layers directly affects the road service life and quality. The objective of this study was to establish a rutting model of the wheel‐tracking test used for the real‐time prediction of the rut depth of asphalt layers in the construction process. The gradation of asphalt mixture, asphalt content, and molding temperature were considered in the development of the new rutting model of the wheel‐tracking test. The effects of these three factors on the high‐temperature performance of asphalt mixture were analyzed. The order of importance of the factors affecting the high‐temperature performance of asphalt mixture is the gradation of asphalt mixture, asphalt‐aggregate ratio, and molding temperature. Overall, the predicted values of the rut depth of the wheel‐tracking test are very close to the measured values. Furthermore, the difference between the rut depths of asphalt layers of the test group and the control group is small. These comparison results indicate that the new rutting model of the wheel‐tracking test has high accuracy and good applicability for the test road.
Modulation of Sustained Attention by Theta-tACS over the Lateral and Medial Frontal Cortices
Authors: Wei Jinwen , Zhang Zhiguo , Yao Ziqing , Ming Dong , Zhou Peng
Published: June 2021

Theta oscillations over the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) play vital roles in sustained attention. Specifically, pMFC power and pMFC-LPFC synchronization correlate with cognitive control in sustained-attention-related tasks, but the causal relationships remain unknown. In the present study, we first analyzed the correlation between EEG theta oscillations (characterized by time-frequency power and phase-based connectivity) and the level of sustained attention (Experiment 1) and then utilized transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to modulate theta oscillations and in turn observed its effects on sustained attention (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, two time-frequency regions of interest (ROIs) were determined, in which high/low time-frequency power and high/low phase-based connectivity corresponded to high/low-level sustained attention. In Experiment 2, time-frequency power and phase-based connectivity of theta oscillations were compared between the sham and tACS groups within the time-frequency ROIs determined in Experiment 1. Results showed that phase-based connectivity between pMFC and LPFC significantly decreased in the tACS group compared with the sham group during the first five minutes of the poststimulation period. Moreover, a marginal trend existed that sustained attention was downregulated by tACS in the same time interval, suggesting that theta phase synchronization between pMFC and LPFC may play a causal role in sustained attention.
Acute Pyogenic Osteomyelitis of the Pubic Bone in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mimicking Fracture of the Pubic Bone and Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip
Authors: Rajeev Aysha , Mavrotas Jason , Taribagil Sanjay , Loughead Jonathan
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Pubic bone osteomyelitis is atypical, and the diagnosis is often overlooked. It may present as osteitis pubis, fracture, or noninfectious inflammation of the pubic symphysis. Case Report. We report a case of a 65-year-old lady who has systemic lupus erythematosus with acute pyogenic osteomyelitis of the pubic bone who presented initially with a suspicious healing pubic rami fracture and periprosthetic infection of the hip joint. Conclusion. Acute osteomyelitis of the pubic bone has often an infrequent and delayed presentation. Clinical awareness, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment including surgical debridement and long-term antibiotics can prevent ongoing morbidities such as chronic osteomyelitis, pain, and deformities of pelvic bone and joints.
The Epidemiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis in European Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gazda Jakub , Drazilova Sylvia , Janicko Martin , Jarcuska Peter
Published: June 2021

Background. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease with wide ranges of reported incidence and prevalence. Aim. To map the incidence and prevalence of PBC in European countries from 2000 through 2020. Methods. Following PRISMA recommendations, we searched the Medline and Scopus databases for studies with information on either the incidence or prevalence of PBC. After data extraction, we used a random-effects model to estimate both the pooled annual incidence rate and pooled point-prevalence rate and performed subgroup analyses to identify components contributing to between-study heterogeneity. Results. We performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 18 studies. The pooled point-prevalence rate was 22.27 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 17.98–27.01), and the pooled annual incidence rate was 1.87 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 1.46–2.34). In the subgroup analyses, we proved that a small part of the between-study heterogeneity is significantly associated with a history of being part of the Eastern Bloc.
A Practical Solution Model for Transient Pressure Behavior of Multistage Fractured Horizontal Wells with Finite Conductivity in Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Jia Pin , Wu Defeng , Yin Hengfei , Li Zhuang , Cheng Linsong , Ke Xianzhe
Published: June 2021

Fractured horizontal wells have been widely used to develop unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. In previous studies, most studies on the transient pressure behavior of multistage horizontal wells were based on the assumption of single porosity medium, in which the coupling relationship of natural fractures and artificial fractures was not taken into account or artificial fractures were assumed to be infinitely conductive. In this paper, the fracture is finite conductive, which means that there is flow resistance in the fracture. Based on point-source method and superposition principle, a transient model for multistage fractured horizontal wells, which considers the couple of fracture flow and reservoir seepage, is built and solved with the Laplace transformation. The transient pressure behavior in multistage fractured horizontal wells is discussed, and effects of influence factors are analyzed. The result of this article can be used to identify the response characteristic of fracture conductivity to pressure and pressure differential and provide theoretical basis for effective development of tight oil reservoirs. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of transient pressure behavior of multistage fractured horizontal wells with finite conductivity in tight oil reservoirs.
Dynamic Transmission Rate Control for Multi‐Interface IoT Devices: A Stochastic Optimization Framework
Authors: Zhang Yuming , Feng Bohao , Tian Aleteng , Yu Chengxiao , Liu Zhiruo , Zhang Hongke
Published: June 2021

Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have enabled ubiquitous smart devices to sense and process various kinds of data. However, these innovations also raise the concern of efficient data transmission. Tackling the above issue is nontrivial since the resource constraints and environmental randomness in IoT require a lightweight transmission scheme while guaranteeing system stability. In this paper, we formulate the transmission scheduling problem of multi‐interface IoT devices as a concave optimization, aimed at accommodating the randomness of the IoT environment within the network capacity. By applying the Lyapunov optimization technique, we divide the stochastic problem into a series of low‐complex subproblems, which can be individually solved per time slot, and develop a dynamical control algorithm that does not require a priori knowledge such as link states. Theoretical analysis shows that our algorithms nicely bound the average queue length and are asymptotically optimal. Finally, extensive simulation results verify the theoretical conclusions and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Cemiplimab for Cisplatin Resistant Metastatic Penile Cancer
Authors: Denis Chloé , Sakalihasan Sarah , Frères Pierre , Withofs Nadia , Sautois Brieuc
Published: June 2021

We report on a 75-year old man who presented with metastatic, squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis whose disease had progressed after radiotherapy (RT) and cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). A strong PD-L1 expression as well as a CDKN2A mutation was documented, and he was given cemiplimab every 3 weeks at time of disease progression. Complete response (CR) was demonstrated after 10 cycles, and no toxicity was reported. However, this treatment was stopped after 13 cycles when the patient developed moderate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonitis which required a 2-week hospitalization for oxygen support. Six months later, he remains in CR. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a CR with cemiplimab in a metastatic penile SCC patient previously treated with CT and RT for relapse. Furthermore, the patient remains disease-free despite cemiplimab was withdrawn due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis.
Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Downregulate MMP Expression on Radicular Dentin
Authors: Retana-Lobo Cristina , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Mendes de Souza Beatriz D. , Reyes-Carmona Jessie
Published: June 2021

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are present in radicular dentin and can convert structural matrix proteins into signaling molecules; thus, these enzymes play an essential role in dentin biomineralization and tissue regeneration therapies. Their expression on radicular dentin may be affected by the irrigation solutions used during root canal treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the most common irrigants on radicular dentin MMP expression. Materials and Methods: The experimental solutions were distilled water (control), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Samples were prepared from extracted human teeth. For zymography analysis, root sections were powderized, and dentin proteins were extracted to observe gelatinolytic activity. Root dentin slices were treated with the experimental solutions for immunohistochemical analysis using anti-MMP-2 and anti-MMP-9 antibodies. ANOVA and the Tukey test were performed. Results: Zymograms revealed the presence of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-20 in the control group and the EDTA-treated group. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mainly associated with the dentinal tubule lumens and occasionally with intertubular dentin. NaOCl- and CHX-treated groups showed lower expression of MMPs than the control group. Immuno­staining for both proteinases in the EDTA-treated group showed higher expression compared to the other experimental groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that most common irrigants affect MMP expression on radicular dentin. Treatment with NaOCl and chlorhexidine resulted in lower expression of MMPs, while EDTA increased their expression in root canal dentin.
FORMATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF THE FUTURE MANAGER OF EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF COACHING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Savchuk B. P. , Yehorova I. V. , Fedchyshyn N. O.
Published: June 2021

Analysis of the scientific and theoretical foundations of Emotional Intelligence, psycho-physiological requirements for the training of the future education manager revealed its similarity with the philosophy of coaching. On this basis, the hypothesis is put forward – the formation of Emotional Intelligence, as an important component of the professional competence of future professionals in the field of education, can be effective through the usage of coaching technology. The pedagogical experiment has been organized to test it. Its results are presented in this article.
Loss and Longing in the Zoharic Reading of Eichah
Authors: Ripper Naigeborin Gabriela
Published: June 2021

This essay proposes a close analysis of the introduction to the Kabbalist text known as Midrash ha-Ne’lam al Eichah, an interpretation of the biblical book of Lamentations which integrates the medieval text of the Sefer ha-Zohar. While the biblical version centers the destruction of the First Temple in 586 B.C.E., the medieval narrative of the Midrash ha-Ne’lam opens with an anachronistic argument between the two Jewish communities historically formed with the fall of the First Temple: the one in Babylon, the symbol of the Jewish Diaspora, and the other in Jerusalem, the heart of the Holy Land of the Jewish people. Collapsing the destruction of the First Temple with the subsequent destruction of the Second Temple in 70 C.E., the Midrash ha-Ne’lam intersperses literal and figurative meaning to craft a cosmic narrative of loss and longing, which runs parallel to the original biblical account. By focusing on the argument between the Babylonian and Jewish communities, the present article probes into a tension that structures the Jewish condition in the diaspora: the combination of material distance from, and spiritual attachment to, one’s sacred homeland, induces a state of spiritual homelessness. The Midrash ha-Ne’lam paints the “competition” for the right to mourn the loss of the Temple as a family argument between those who stayed in the destroyed homeland and those who have strayed from it many generations before, a tension that reverberates to this day on the inner division between diaspora and Israeli Jews.
Al-Insan, l´homme, ce grand oublieux
Authors: Lauand Luiz Jean
Published: June 2021

Le texte qui suit rétablit la relation fondamentale qui existe entre l’être humain et la mémoire et ses reflets sur l’éducation, tout en envisageant les traditions orientale et occidentale.
Lênin, Trótski e Stálin por Bulgákov
Authors: Andrade Homero Freitas de
Published: June 2021

O presente ensaio constitui a primeira parte de um estudo sobre a representação artística das figuras de Lenin, Trotsky e Stalin, na ficção e na dramartugia de M. Bulgákov. Nele examinam-se ainda as relações entre autobiografia, história e literatura na obra do escritor.
Alguns Tópicos e Problemas de tradução da Língua Chinesa
Authors: Sproviero Mário B.
Published: June 2021

Consideramos, de forma resumida, alguns pontos básicos da tradução do chinês para o português: de problemas teóricos a práticos; apresentamos alguns tradutores chineses famosos; mencionamos a práxis milenar chinesa com seus centros especializados de tradução; damos alguns exemplos práticos de nossa própria atividade de tradutor; e concluímos com a tradução de um poema clássico chinês.
Línguas semíticas na Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Araújo Reginaldo Gomes de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a apresentar as línguas semíticas que são ensinadas na Universidade de São Paulo. Começando pelo panorama histórico, nós apresentaremos o momento em que as línguas semíticas iniciaram na USP. Depois, apresentaremos uma concisa introdução do que são línguas semíticas e suas respectivas classificações. Finalmente, descreveremos quais línguas semíticas e seus respectivos níveis são ensinados na USP.
Abstract 113: Platelet and Monocyte Activity in Carotid Artery Stenosis Treated with Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Devanabanda Arvind Reddy , Rockman Caron , Allen Nicole , Rubin Maya , Shah Binita , Adelman Mark , Berger Jeffrey
Published: June 2021

Background:
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a marker of atherosclerosis, a disease mediated by abnormalities in platelet and monocyte function, and a significant cause of stroke. Moreover, the effect of carotid artery revascularization via carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on platelet and monocyte markers is unknown.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate platelet activity, monocyte subsets and monocyte platelet aggregates (MPA) in CAS and changes with CEA.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study evaluated 48 patients who underwent non emergent CEA. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained before, immediately postoperative and at 24 hours postoperative. Twenty healthy subjects served as controls. Platelet surface expression of P-selectin and PAC-1, monocyte subsets, and MPA were assessed using flow cytometry. Three distinct monocyte subsets were measured: anti-inflammatory (i.e. classical CD14
++
CD16
-
) and pro-inflammatory (i.e. intermediate CD14
++
CD16
+
and nonclassical CD14
+
CD16
++
) monocytes. Differences between two matched samples and between the study and control groups were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Compared to healthy subjects, CAS subjects had significantly greater markers of platelet activity (P-selectin [p=0.003] and PAC-1 [p=0.01]), pro-inflammatory monocytes (intermediate [p<0.0001] and nonclassical [p=0.009]) and MPA (p=0.0002). Following CEA, anti-inflammatory monocytes increased and pro-inflammatory monocytes decreased (Figure 1A). Platelet expression of P-selectin and MPA did not change, while PAC-1 transiently increased but then returned to baseline by 24 hours postoperative (Figure 1B &C).

Conclusions:
Subjects with CAS have elevated markers of thrombosis, inflammation, and their interface. However, only the pro-inflammatory monocytes are significantly reduced following CEA. Future studies investigating the clinical consequences of this reduction are warranted.
Abstract 120: Prevalence and Impact of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Camp Phillip , Achrekar Abinash , Malik Umar , Laskey Warren
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
It is well known that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence increases as body mass index (BMI) increases. Lesser known is patent foramen ovale (PFO) is found in 12 to 35 percent of adults. Patients with OSA experience nocturnal apnea which result in hypoxemia, elevation of right atrial pressure, and an increase in right to left shunting and a theoretical increased risk of stroke. A few studies have suggested an association between the severity of OSA and a PFO. As such, OSA diagnosis and therapy may be tailored to address right-to-left shunting in these patients. If the prevalence of PFO in OSA patients is increased, it may be appropriate to include transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) testing as a component of routine evaluation of patients with OSA.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that patients with hypoxemia related to OSA are more likely to have a PFO with right-to-left shunting than those with less dramatic hypoxemia. We hope to determine the prevalence and clinical relevance of intra-cardiac shunting in patients with OSA by prospectively analyzing and correlating polysomnography and TTE findings.

Methods:
80 patients with OSA were referred for TTE by the UNM Sleep Center. All patients underwent saline contrast TTE in the UNM echo lab. The prevalence of PFO in the general UNM echo population was calculated over the last year for comparison.

Results:
Of 80 patients with varying degrees of OSA, 12.5% had right to left shunting. PFO was not statistically associated with DI (Desaturation Index), nor any AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index). The only statistically significant association was between OSA and BMI (p=0.013). BMI associated with DI and AHI was statistically significant (p=0.003 and p=0.005, respectively). Over the last year, 216 PFO’s were found from 1858 echo studies with contrast injection performed at UNM with a prevalence rate of 11.6%.

Conclusions:
In contrast to previous studies, there was no association between OSA of any severity and PFO in our study population. There was a statistically significant association between BMI and OSA, which is well established. Our study prevalence was found to be similar to the UNM general echo population as well, indicating that OSA patients within our study group were not as likely to have an associated PFO.
Abstract 125: Vitamin D3-Induced Arterial Calcification Decreases Functional Recovery and Limb Perfusion in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Zettervall Sara L , Monk Stephanie , Wang Xue-Lin , Cai Yujun , Lin Tonghui , Guzman Raul J
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Clinical studies demonstrate associations between arterial calcification and adverse outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The causal relationship between calcification and ischemia, however, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of arterial calcification on functional recovery and limb perfusion following acute limb ischemia in a murine model.

Methods:
Arterial calcification was induced in 64 Sprague-Dawley rats using Vitamin D
3
. A control group of 32 rats received vehicle only. After 2 weeks, to allow for calcification, unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by ligation and excision of the superficial femoral artery. At weekly intervals, functional and ischemia status were evaluated in a blinded manner and laser Doppler perfusion imaging was performed.

Results:
Calcium assay demonstrated greater arterial calcification in the superficial femoral arteries (0.1 vs. 17.0, P < .01) of Vitamin D
3
injected animals. Rats injected with Vitamin D3 showed significantly worse Tarlov, Ischemia, Modified Ischemia, and Total Ischemia scores at each post-operative time point (Week 1: 16.6 vs. 14.5 P <.01, Week 2: 17.1 vs. 14.5 P <.01, Week 3 17.5 vs. 15.0 P < .01). The control group regained normal functional status by week 4; however Vitamin D3-injected rats did not return to baseline by the conclusion of the study (17.9 vs. 16.6, P < .01). Laser Doppler perfusion revealed decreased raw perfusion values pre-operatively (616 vs. 428, P < .01) and at weekly intervals beginning at week 2 in both the ischemic and non-ischemic limbs among animals with calcified arteries as compared to controls (Table 1).

Conclusions:
Vitamin D3 induced calcification is associated with decreased perfusion and worse functional recovery in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia. Future research aimed at understanding the relationship between vitamin D
3
, arterial calcification, and lower extremity ischemia may help to improve outcomes in patients with PAD.
Abstract 141: Anti-thrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles Decrease Clot Burden in a Murine Model of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Vemuri Chandu , Arif Batool , Grathwohl Susannah A , Allen John S , Henke Peter K , Wickline Samuel A
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) afflicts nearly an million Americans with significant mortality and long-term morbidity. Current medical treatment regimens pose significant bleeding risks and recurrence risks. The purpose of this work is to determine if anti-thrombin perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (NP-PPACK) can attenuate clot progression after vascular injury in a murine model of venous thrombosis.

Methods:
Male, C57 black-6 mice underwent inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation through an institutionally approved protocol. Following ligation, groups of ten mice were randomized to receive intravenous, weight-based (1 ml/kg) tail vein injections of saline, plain nanoparticles, NP-PPACK or heparin (80 units/kg). After 6 hours the animals were sacrificed, IVC with clot excised and weight and length recorded. Clot integrity (N=4) analysis was then performed by incubating clots with 750 units of streptokinase for 90 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius, removing liquid clot and recording the percent change in clot weight.

Results:
There was a significant difference in clot burden between NP-PPACK and the control group (0.59 mg/mm ± 0.063 vs. 1.26mg/mm ± 0.85, p=.0001). Immunofluorescent histology performed on a subgroup of animals verified nanoparticle tracking to venous thrombus. Additionally, using exogenous clot lysis as a surrogate for clot integrity, NP-PPACK treated animals exhibited a trend towards enhanced lysis over saline treatments (change in clot weight over 90 minutes: 57.8 ±14.4 vs. 21.5 ± 7.49, NP PPACK vs saline p=.067).

Conclusions:
This initial work demonstrates that NP-PPACK significantly decreases clot burden by local targeting and reduces clot strength in this model of VTE. We have shown previously that the system is locally active for hours against thrombosis yet produces no sustained systemic anticoagulant effect beyond 60 minutes, indicative of its significant safety margin for clinical application.
Abstract 142: Characterizing the Mechanisms of Factor VIII Binding to Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1
Authors: Young Patricia
Published: June 2021

Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) that affects 1 in 5,000 males. Current prophylactic replacement therapy, while effective, is difficult to maintain due to cost and frequency of injections. Hepatic clearance of fVIII is mediated by the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a member of the LDL receptor family. While it is well established that fVIII binds LRP1, the molecular details of this interaction are unclear. The goal of this project is to better define the molecular interactions between fVIII and LRP1, particularly to determine the regions of LRP1 that are responsible for binding and clearance and if activation of fVIII is required to bind LRP1. We mapped the binding of fVIII to the Cluster II and IV regions of LRP1, with higher affinity for cluster IV. This is in contrast to many LRP1 ligands that bind to multiple regions with similar affinity. The canonical model of LDL receptor family member binding involves lysine residues on the ligand docking in acidic pockets on the receptor. We examined the binding of fVIII to LRP1 using surface plasmon resonance and found that increasing ionic strength, which disrupts the charged interactions required between lysine residues and the acidic pockets, did not alter the affinity of fVIII to LRP1. These results suggest that fVIII may bind to LRP1 via a different mode of binding than the canonical model. A recent publication raised the possibility that LRP1-mediated clearance of fVIII may first require its activation. To test this hypothesis, we compared the clearance of wild-type fVIII with a mutant fVIII in which the thrombin cleavage sites were converted to alanine. Both fVIII molecules were cleared from the circulation with a fast and slow phase, with no significant difference between WT and mutant fVIII. These results suggest that activation of fVIII is not essential for clearance
in vivo
. Together these data reveal important insights into the binding mechanisms between fVIII and LRP1 and provide insight into ways to extend fVIII half-life
in vivo
and improve prophylactic replacement therapy.
Abstract 146: Nitric Oxide Favors Sca-1
+
Vascular Progenitor Cell Differentiation Toward Endothelial Cells
Authors: Schuldt Adam J , Morales Rommel C , Wang Zheng , Shively Vera P , Kibbe Melina R
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Treatment outcomes for severe atherosclerosis are limited by neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent inhibitor of neointimal hyperplasia, but its effects on vascular progenitor cells (VPC) in this process are unknown. Stem cell antigen-1-positive (Sca-1
+
) VPC can differentiate into both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and endothelial cells, which potentially contribute to or prevent the development of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis, respectively. We hypothesize that NO favors differentiation of Sca-1
+
VPC into endothelial cells rather than VSMC, thereby limiting the development of neointimal hyperplasia.

Methods:
Aortas from WT C57BL/6 male mice were digested and analyzed by FACS for Sca-1 and hematopoietic lineage (Lin) markers CD3e, CD11b, CD45, Ly-76, and Ly-6C/G. Aortic Sca-1
+
cells were enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting and cultured at passage 2-3 for 72 hours in stem cell media or smooth muscle cell differentiation media containing PDGF-BB, with the NO donor DETA/NO (0-100 μM). CD31
+
cells were assessed by FACS.

Results:
Sca-1
+
/Lin
-
cells comprised 9.0±1.6% of total aortic cells (n=4 replicates, 8 mice each). Aortic Sca-1
+
cells in stem cell media showed an increase in CD31
+
cells from 5.0±1.9% in controls to 6.8±2.3% and 11.2±1.7% with 50 and 100 μM DETA/NO, respectively (p<0.05). Aortic Sca-1
+
cells in smooth muscle cell differentiation media showed an increase in CD31
+
cells from 4.3±1.2% in controls to 5.0±1.3% and 7.2 ±1.9% with 50 and 100 μM DETA/NO, respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
The arterial wall contains Sca-1
+
VPC with the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. In support of our hypothesis, exposure to NO
in vitro
increased differentiation of Sca-1
+
VPC to endothelial-like cells, even when the VSMC differentiation stimulus of PDGF-BB is present. This shift toward endothelial differentiation with NO may act to decrease neointimal hyperplasia
in vivo
.
Abstract 150: A Population of ApoB-100 Peptide-specific CD8+ T cells Tracks Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice
Authors: Dimayuga Paul C , Zhao Xiaoning , Chyu Kuang-Yuh , Yano Juliana , Lio Wai Man , Zhou Jianchang , Cercek Bojan , Shah Prediman K
Published: June 2021

Background:
Growing evidence supports a potential role for CD8+ T cells in atherogenesis, yet CD8+T cell antigens relevant to the disease remain to be defined. The current study was undertaken to identify and characterize endogenous, apoB-100 antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in atherosclerosis using fluorescently tagged, synthetic soluble MHC-I/peptide complexes called Pentamers (Pent).

Methods and Results:
Self-reactive CD8+ T cells were tested for recall response to a 20-mer peptide derived from apoB-100 under investigation as a potential vaccine candidate. CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in splenocytes of apoE-/- mice were significantly increased after 48 hours of peptide stimulation, which was enhanced by a 6-week high fat diet. We then tested the apoB-100 peptide for potential binding to mouse MHC-I alleles H2Db and H2Kb. Binding assays identified 13 sequential fragments of 8-mer lengths with potential H2Kb binding. Pents corresponding to the 13 peptide fragments were then synthesized and were screened for reactivity to apoB-100-specific CD8+ T cells from 13 week-old wild type and apoE-/- mice fed normal chow (NC). Flow cytometric analysis detected higher binding to CD8+ T cells from apoE-/- mice for 3 Pents. The first of the 3, called Pent 2, was then selected as prototype for further analysis. The OVA Pentamer SIINFEKL confirmed Pent 2 specificity. Pent 2+CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in 13 week-old apoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HC) for 6 weeks compared to NC fed mice (0.99±0.15% vs. 0.51±0.02%, respectively, N=5 each; P<0.05). Pent 2+CD8+ T cells correlated with plaque size of apoE-/- mice fed NC or HC for 6 weeks (R
2
=0.645, P=0.005, N=10) or for 15-22 weeks (R
2
=0.623, P=0.001, N=13). Pent 2 blocked CD8+ cytolytic activity against oxLDL-primed macrophages by 50% (N=6; P<0.05). There was a shift in the Pent 2+CD8+ Vβ repertoire after HC feeding for 6 weeks compared to NC, with significantly increased Pent 2+CD8+ Effector Memory cells (65.0±5.7% vs. 48.8±6.0%, respectively; P<0.01). Flow cytometry of digested aortic sinus plaques confirmed presence of Pent 2+CD8+ T cells in atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusion:
Our study provides evidence of a self-reactive, apoB-100-specific CD8+ T cell population that tracks atherosclerotic disease in apoE-/- mice.