bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypouricemic agents reduce indoxyl sulfate excretion by inhibiting the renal transporters OAT1/3 and ABCG2
Authors: Taniguchi Tetsuya , Omura Koichi , Motoki Keisuke , Sakai Miku , Chikamatsu Noriko , Ashizawa Naoki , Takada Tappei , Iwanaga Takashi
Published: March 2021

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulates in the body in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the renal proximal tubules, IS excretion is mediated by OAT1/3 and ABCG2. These transporters are inhibited by some hypouricemic agents; OATs by probenecid and benzbromarone, ABCG2 by febuxostat and benzbromarone. Thus, we evaluated whether hypouricemic agents including dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor with minimal effect on OATs or ABCG2, affect IS clearance in rats. Intact and adenine-induced acute renal failure rats were orally administered hypouricemic agents, and both endogenous IS and exogenously administered stable isotope-labeled d4-IS in the plasma and kidney were measured. Our results demonstrated that OATs inhibitors, such as probenecid, suppress IS uptake into the kidney, leading to increased plasma IS concentration, whereas ABCG2 inhibitors, such as febuxostat, cause renal IS accumulation remarkably by suppressing its excretion in intact rats. The effects of these agents were reduced in adenine-induced acute renal failure rats, presumably due to substantial decrease in renal OAT1/3 and ABCG2 expression. Dotinurad did not significantly affected the clearance of IS under both conditions. Therefore, we suggest that hypouricemic agents that do not affect OATs and ABCG2 are effective therapeutic options for the treatment of hyperuricemia complicated by CKD.
Aedes aegypti miRNA-33 modulates permethrin induced toxicity by regulating VGSC transcripts
Authors: Kubik Tristan D. , Snell Trey K. , Saavedra-Rodriguez Karla , Wilusz Jeffrey , Anderson John R. , Lozano-Fuentes Saul , Black William C. , Campbell Corey L.
Published: March 2021

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of Zika, dengue, and other arboviruses. Permethrin adulticidal spraying, which targets the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), is commonly done to reduce local mosquito populations and protect humans from exposure to arbovirus pathogens transmitted by this dangerous pest. Permethrin resistance, however, is a growing problem and understanding its underlying molecular basis may identify avenues to combat it. We identified a single G:C polymorphism in pre-miR-33 that was genetically associated with permethrin resistance; resulting isoforms had structural differences that may affect DICER-1/pre-miRNA processing rates. We then assessed the effects of overexpression of pre-miR-33 isoforms on permethrin toxicological phenotypes, VGSC transcript abundance and protein levels for two genetically related mosquito strains. One strain had its naturally high permethrin resistance levels maintained by periodic treatment, and the other was released from selection. VGSC protein levels were lower in the permethrin resistant strain than in the related permethrin-susceptible strain. Overexpression of the G-pre-miR-33 isoform reduced VGSC expression levels in both strains. To further elucidate changes in gene expression associated with permethrin resistance, exome-capture gDNA deep sequencing, genetic association mapping and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed that transport genes, in particular, were selected in resistant versus susceptible mosquitoes. Collectively, these data indicate that miR-33 regulates VGSC expression as part of a nuanced system of neuronal regulation that contributes to a network of heritable features determining permethrin resistance.
Muscle activity of cutting manoeuvres and soccer inside passing suggests an increased groin injury risk during these movements
Authors: Dupré Thomas , Tryba Julian , Potthast Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

Cutting manoeuvres and inside passing are thought to increase the risk of sustaining groin injuries. But both movements have received little research attention in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity of adductor longus and gracilis as well as hip and knee joint kinematics during $$90^{\circ }$$

90
∘

-cutting and inside passing. Thirteen male soccer players were investigated with 3D-motion capturing and surface electromyography of adductor longus and gracilis while performing the two movements. Hip and knee joint kinematics were calculated with AnyBody Modelling System. Muscle activity of both muscles was significantly higher during the cutting manoeuvre compared to inside passing. Kinematics showed that the highest activity occurred during phases of fast muscle lengthening and eccentric contraction of the adductors which is known to increase the groin injury risk. Of both movements, cutting showed the higher activity and is therefore more likely to cause groin injuries. However, passing might also increase the risk for groin injuries as it is one of the most performed actions in soccer, and therefore most likely causes groin injuries through overuse. Practitioners need to be aware of these risks and should prepare players accordingly through strength and flexibility training.
eDNA metabarcoding of small plankton samples to detect fish larvae and their preys from Atlantic and Pacific waters
Authors: Garcia-Vazquez Eva , Georges Oriane , Fernandez Sara , Ardura Alba
Published: March 2021

Zooplankton community inventories are the basis of fisheries management for containing fish larvae and their preys; however, the visual identification of early-stage larvae (the “missing biomass”) is difficult and laborious. Here, eDNA metabarcoding was employed to detect zooplankton species of interest for fisheries from open and coastal waters. High-Throughput sequencing (HTS) from environmental samples using small water volumes has been proposed to detect species of interest whose DNA is the most abundant. We analyzed 6-L water samples taken from subtropical and tropical waters using Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene as metabarcode. In the open ocean, several commercial fish larvae and invertebrate species important in fish diet were found from metabarcodes and confirmed from individual barcoding. Comparing Atlantic, Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Pacific samples we found a lower taxonomic depth of OTU assignments in samples from tropical waters than in those from temperate ones, suggesting large gaps in reference databases for those areas; thus a higher effort of zooplankton barcoding in tropical oceans is highly recommended. This and similar simplified sampling protocols could be applied in early detection of species important for fisheries.
Assessment of genetic variability in captive capuchin monkeys (Primates: Cebidae)
Authors: Nieves Mariela , Remis María Isabel , Sesarini Carla , Hassel Diana Lucrecia , Argüelles Carina Francisca , Mudry Marta Dolores
Published: March 2021

Capuchin monkeys (generaCebusandSapajus) show a wide range distribution, from Honduras to Argentina. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic variability of captive specimens putatively belonging toS. cay(SCY) andS. nigritus(SNI) at their southernmost distribution limit. Forty-four individuals held in five captive centers from Argentina were analyzed based on external morphology, karyology and DNA sequences of mitochondrial control region (mtDNA-CR). Three morphotypes associated with their probable geographical origin in SCY and a single morphotype in SNI were found. For SCY we could associate each morphotype with the most frequent karyotype. SNI showed a single phenotype and a homogenous karyotype. Heterochromatin showed geographical patterns within species. A 515-bp mtDNA-CR fragment was sequenced, defining fourteen haplotypes at 59 polymorphic sites. A network constructed with our 14 haplotypes and other 77 fromS. apella,S. macrocephalus,S. cayandS. nigritusfrom bibliography revealed some phylogeographic signals. Our SCY and SNI samples rendered four groups that differed in multiple mutational steps, with SCY being more similar toS. apellathan toS. macrocephalus. Also, we identified two genetic divergent SCY groups: samples from NOA and from NEA with high mitochondrial diversity. Our results highlight the relevance of using complementary genetic tools throughout the distribution ranges of SCY and SNI for a better assessment of their diversity.
Coastal reclamation alters soil microbial communities following different land use patterns in the Eastern coastal zone of China
Authors: Yang Wen , Jeelani Nasreen , Cai Andong , Cheng Xiaoli , An Shuqing
Published: March 2021

Coastal reclamation seriously disturbs coastal wetland ecosystems, while its influences on soil microbial communities remain unclear. In this study, we examined the impacts of coastal reclamation on soil microbial communities based on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis following the conversion of Phragmites australis wetlands to different land use types. Coastal reclamation enhanced total soil microbial biomass and various species (i.e., gram-positive bacterial, actinomycete, saturated straight-chain, and branched PLFA) following the conversion of P. australis wetland to aquaculture pond, wheat, and oilseed rape fields. In contrast, it greatly decreased total soil microbial biomass and various species following the conversion of P. australis wetland to town construction land. Coastal reclamation reduced fungal:bacterial PLFA, monounsaturated:branched PLFA ratios, whereas increasing gram-positive:gram-negative PLFA ratio following the conversion of P. australis wetland to other land use types. Our study suggested that coastal reclamation shifted soil microbial communities by altering microbial biomass and community composition. These changes were driven primarily by variations in soil nutrient substrates and physiochemical properties. Changes in soil microbial communities following coastal reclamation impacted the decomposition and accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen, with potential modification of carbon and nitrogen sinks in the ecosystems, with potential feedbacks in response to climate change.
A practical method to screen and identify functioning biomarkers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Chengyou , Guo Peijie , Zhou Leilei , Wang Yuhe , Tian Shuchang , Ding Yong , Wu Jing , Zhu Junlin , Wang Yu
Published: March 2021

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy, with the unique geographical and ethnically characteristics of distribution. Gene chip and bioinformatics have been employed to reveal regulatory mechanisms in current functional genomics. However, a practical solution addressing the unresolved aspects of microarray data processing and analysis have been long pursuit. This study developed a new method to improve the accuracy of identifying key biomarkers, namely Unit Gamma Measurement (UGM), accounting for multiple hypotheses test statistics distribution, which could reduce the dependency problem. Three mRNA expression profile of NPC were selected to feed UGM. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with UGM and hub genes were derived from them to explore their association with NPC using functional enrichment and pathway analysis. 47 potential DEGs were identified by UGM from the 3 selected datasets, and affluent in cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, cilium movement, extracellular exosome etc. also participate in ECM-receptor interaction, chemical carcinogenesis, TNF signaling pathway, small cell lung cancer and mismatch repair pathway. Down-regulation of CAPS and WFDC2 can prolongation of the overall survival periods in the patients. ARMC4, SERPINB3, MUC4 etc. have a close relationship with NPC. The UGM is a practical method to identify NPC-associated genes and biomarkers.
Assessment of price and nutritional quality of gluten-free products versus their analogues with gluten through the algorithm of the nutri-score front-of-package labeling system
Authors: De las Heras-Delgado Sara , Alías-Guerrero Adoración de las Nieves , Cendra-Duarte Esther , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Vilchez Elisenda , Roger Esther , Hernández-Alonso Pablo , Babio Nancy
Published: March 2021

This is the first study comparing the nutritional quality between gluten-free products and their analogues with gluten using the FSAm/HCSP nutrient system underlying the Nutri-Score label.
Conceptual density functional theory based electronic structure principles
Authors: Chakraborty Debdutta , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar
Published: March 2021

In this review article, we intend to highlight the basic electronic structure principles and various reactivity descriptors as defined within the premise of conceptual density functional theory (CDFT).
Training nonlinear elastic functions: nonmonotonic, sequence dependent and bifurcating
Authors: Hexner Daniel
Published: March 2021

Material training is a new approach for endowing a material with precise functionality based on principles of self-organization. We demonstrate examples of nonlinear functions realized through training, that are difficult to attain by design.
Phase evolution of electrochemically potassium intercalated graphite
Authors: Onuma Hiroo , Kubota Kei , Muratsubaki Shotaro , Ota Wataru , Shishkin Maxim , Sato Hirofumi , Yamashita Koichi , Yasuno Satoshi , Komaba Shinichi
Published: March 2021

The phase evolution behavior of electrochemically K-intercalated graphite is examined by operando X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations in comparison to that of a Li system based upon optimizing the graphite electrode and electrolyte conditions for analysis.
Preparative separation and purification of loliolide and epiloliolide from Ascophyllum nodosum using amine-based microporous organic polymer for solid phase extraction coupled with macroporous resin and prep-HPLC
Authors: Chi Hao , Qi Xia , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Ying , Han Xihong , Wang Jiao , Wang Hongwei
Published: March 2021

Herein, we reported a novel approach for the separation and purification of loliolide and epiloliolide from A. nodosum by combined use of an amine-based MOP, a macroporous resin column and prep-HPLC.
A novel voltammetric method for the sensitive and selective determination of carbonate or bicarbonate ions by an azomethine-H probe
Authors: Liv Lokman , Yener Melisa , Karakuş Erman
Published: March 2021

An azomethine-H-commercially available chemical-based first voltammetric method was used for determination of carbonate or bicarbonate ions.
Highly selective and rapid detection of silver ions by using a “turn on” non-fluorescent cysteine stabilized gold nanocluster probe
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu An-Yong , Wu Bi-Chao , Wen Qiu-Lin , Pu Zheng-Fen , Zhao Rui-Xian , Ling Jian , Cao Qiue
Published: March 2021

Highly selective and rapid detection of silver ions by using a “turn on” non-fluorescent gold nanocluster probe.
Molecular mechanisms of methane dry reforming on Co3Mo3N catalyst with dual sites
Authors: Manavi Narges , Liu Bin
Published: March 2021

With density functional theory and microkinetic modeling, mechanisms responsible for the promoted dry reforming of methane (DRM) reactivity and coke resistance on the dual-site Co3Mo3N(111) surface are explained.
One-pot synthesis of mesoporous palladium/C nanodendrites as high-performance oxygen reduction eletrocatalysts through a facile dual surface protecting agent-assisted strategy
Authors: Liu Qiuyue , Kang Qiaoling , Wang Zhenhua , Lu Qingyi , Gao Feng
Published: March 2021

Mesoporous Pd/C nanodendrites with rich defects as great ORR electrocatalysts were fabricated by a one-pot dual surface protecting agent-assisted strategy.
Perylene diimide-tagged N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized gold nanoparticles: How much ligand desorbs from surface in presence of thiols?
Authors: Bélanger-Bouliga Marilyne , Mahious Raja , Pitroipa Poulomsongo Iman , Nazemi Ali
Published: March 2021

Fluorescence restoration in perylene diimide–gold nanoparticle hybrids, stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, in presence of thiols is used to quantify the extent of NHC displacement from gold surface.
Juglone, a novel activator of ferroptosis, induces cell death in endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Ni Zhi-Jing , Elam Elnur , Zhang Fan , Thakur Kiran , Wang Shaoyun , Zhang Jian-Guo , Wei Zhao-Jun
Published: March 2021

Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent cell death pathway mainly caused by an abnormal redox state and associated with various diseases including cancer.
Conductance switching of azobenzene-based self-assembled monolayers on cobalt probed by UHV conductive-AFM
Authors: Thomas Louis , Arbouch Imane , Guérin David , Wallart Xavier , van Dyck Colin , Mélin Thierry , Cornil Jérôme , Vuillaume Dominique , Lenfant Stéphane
Published: March 2021

The conductance photoswitching of azobenzene derivatives on Co surface is found in good agreement between experiment (C-AFM/UHV) and theory (NEGF/DFT). These results make this Co–AzBT molecular junction a good test-bed for molecular spintronics.
Improved enantioselectivity in thiol–ene photopolymerization of sulphur-containing polymers with circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: He Chen-Lu , Feng Zeyu , Li Yan , Zhou Manman , Zhao Liyang , Shan Sizhen , Wang Mengqiao , Chen Xin , Wang Xi-Sheng , Zou Gang
Published: March 2021

Optically active poly(thioether) are obtained based on CPL-triggered thiol–ene photopolymerization assisted with achiral HAD. The poly(thioether) exhibits clusterization-triggered emission and circularly polarized luminescence behavior.
Recent progress in the applications of amino–yne click chemistry
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhiming , Wang Jia , Zang Qiguang , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2021

This mini-review summarizes the recent research studies on the application of the amino–yne click reaction in surface immobilization, construction of drug delivery systems, preparation of hydrogel materials and synthesis of functional polymers.
Circularly polarized luminescence in chiral nematic liquid crystals: generation and amplification
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Jin Xue , Zhao Tonghan , Duan Pengfei
Published: March 2021

Chiral nematic liquid crystals exhibit excellent performance in obtaining high luminescence dissymmetry factor of circularly polarized luminescence.
Chemoproteomic profiling of itaconations in Salmonella
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Qin Wei , Liu Dongyang , Liu Yuan , Wang Chu
Published: March 2021

Bioorthogonal probes have been developed to enable quantitative and site-specific profiling of itaconate modifications in Salmonella.
Divergent reactivity of sulfinates with pyridinium salts based on one-versustwo-electron pathways
Authors: Kim Myojeong , You Euna , Park Seongjin , Hong Sungwoo
Published: March 2021

Divergent reactions of sulfinates with pyridinium salts were developed by controlling the one-versustwo-electron reaction manifolds.
3D fluorescent mapping of invisible molecular damage after cavitation in hydrogen exposed elastomers
Authors: Morelle Xavier P. , Sanoja Gabriel E. , Castagnet Sylvie , Creton Costantino
Published: March 2021

Elastomers saturated with gas at high pressure suffer from cavity nucleation, inflation, and deflation upon rapid or explosive decompression.
Unprecedentedly high efficiency for photocatalytic conversion of methane to methanol over Au–Pd/TiO2 – what is the role of each component in the system?
Authors: Cai Xiaojiao , Fang Siyuan , Hu Yun Hang
Published: March 2021

Direct and highly efficient methane conversion to methanol under mild conditions is achieved via photocatalysis over Au–Pd/TiO2.
Understanding the efficient electrocatalytic activities of MoSe2–Cu2S nanoheterostructures
Authors: Hassan Md. Samim , Basera Pooja , Gahlawat Soniya , Ingole Pravin P. , Bhattacharya Saswata , Sapra Sameer
Published: March 2021

The epitaxial growth of Cu2S NCs over the inert basal planes of MoSe2 NSs increases the number of active sites for OER. The built-in electric field at interfaces greatly favors the OER and HER activities via decreasing the energy barriers.
Comparative degradation analysis of V2O5, MoO3 and their stacks as hole transport layers in high-efficiency inverted polymer solar cells
Authors: Sacramento Angel , Ramírez-Como Magaly , Balderrama Victor S. , Sánchez José G. , Pallarès Josep , Marsal Lluis F. , Estrada Magali
Published: March 2021

The use of V2O5, MoO3 and their stacks as the buffer anode in organic solar cells greatly improves the lifetime of the photovoltaic devices, with a remaining PCE of over 50% of the initial PCE after 19 600 h (about 2 years).
Comparative assessment of the bactericidal effect of nanoparticles of copper oxide, silver, and chitosan-silver against Escherichia coli infection in broilers
Authors: Hassanen Eman I. , Morsy Eman A. , Hussien Ahmed M. , Farroh Khaled Y. , Ali Merhan E.
Published: March 2021

Escherichia coli infection is considered one of the most economically important multi-systemic diseases in poultry farms. Several nanoparticles such as silver, chitosan, and copper oxide are known to be highly toxic to several microbes. However, there are no data concerning their success against in vivo experimental E. coli infection in broilers. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the bactericidal effect of low doses of CuO-NPs (5 mg/kg bwt), Ag-NPs (0.5 mg/kg bwt), and Ch-Ag NPs (0.5 mg/kg bwt) against E. coli experimental infection in broilers. One hundred chicks were divided into five groups as follows: (1) control; (2) E. coli (4 × 108 CFU/ml) challenged; (3) E. coli +CuO-NPs; (4) E. coli +Ag-NPs; (5) E. coli +Ch-Ag NPs. The challenged untreated group, not NPs treated groups, recorded the lowest weight gain as well as the highest bacterial count and lesion score in all examined organs. The highest liver content of silver was observed in Ag-NPs treated group compared with the Ch-Ag NPs treated group. Our results concluded that Ch-Ag NPs not only had the best antibacterial effects but also acted as a growth promoter in broilers without leaving any residues in edible organs. We recommend using Ch-Ag NPs in broiler farms instead of antibiotics or probiotics.
Fully automated glioma tumour segmentation using anatomical symmetry plane detection in multimodal brain MRI
Authors: Barzegar Zeynab , Jamzad Mansour
Published: March 2021

Automatic brain abnormality detection is a major challenge in medical image processing. Manual lesion delineation techniques are susceptible to subjective errors, and therefore, computer aided preliminary screening of a lesion is necessary. This study introduces an efficient and automated algorithm based on the symmetry of the brain structures in the two hemispheres for brain tumour segmentation using multimodal brain magnetic resonoce imaging. Symmetry is a vital clue for determining intensity‐based lesion difference in the two hemispheres of brain. A reliable method is proposed for extracting the cancerous region in order to improve the speed and accuracy of brain tumour segmentation. First, a symmetry plane is detected and then through features extracted from both sides of the brain, a similarity measure for comparing the hemisphere is defined. The cancerous region is extracted using similarity measurement, and the accuracy is improved using postprocessing operation. This algorithm is evaluated against the BRATS datasets including high‐ and low‐grade glioma brain tumours. The performance indices are calculated and comparative analysis is implemented as well. Experimental results demonstrate accuracy close to manual lesion demarcation with performance indices.
A novel deadbeat predictive current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on oversampling scheme
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Xie Saifei , Jin Xuefeng , Shi Tingna , Yang Mingbo
Published: March 2021

When the speed of permanent magnet motor is relatively high, the fundamental frequency of stator voltage and current will rise. However, due to the limitation of switching frequency of power electronic devices, the switching times of power devices will be greatly reduced in a fundamental cycle of stator voltage. For the traditional control method with constant switching frequency mode, the control algorithm is executed only once in a carrier wave cycle, which will result in a low control frequency operating condition for the PMSM control system. At this time, the dynamic and steady‐state control performance of stator current will be decreased. In response to above problem, this paper proposed a deadbeat predictive current control method based on oversampling scheme, which the core algorithm of current loop operated four times and updated the PWM duty twice in one switching cycle. The number of control times of the proposed method is greater than that of the conventional method when the conventional deadbeat method and the proposed method adopt the same switching cycle. Therefore, the control method does not increase the switching frequency of power devices, but improves the dynamic and stable performance of the system, especially under the high‐speed condition.
Speed fluctuation suppression of PMSM using active disturbance rejection and feedback compensation control
Authors: Xie Fang , Hong Wenjie , Qiu Chenming
Published: March 2021

This study proposes the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and feedback compensation control method that can solve the speed fluctuation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motors resulting from parameter variation and load disturbance. First, the influencing factors of speed fluctuation are analysed on the basis of a speed analytical model, and a motor robust control system is established. Second, the ADRC method is introduced to establish current controllers in accordance with the state equation for voltage output. The shuffled frog leaping algorithm is also used to automatically optimize the adjustable parameters of the active disturbance rejection controller and to improve the system robustness when the parameters vary. Third, a feedback compensation control method based on the electromagnetic torque observer is introduced to compensate for the q‐axis current in real time. The speed fluctuation caused by load disturbance is also suppressed. Lastly, the validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through experiments.
Review of methodologies used for detection of magnetising inrush and fault conditions in power transformer
Authors: Raichura Maulik , Chothani Nilesh , Patel Dharmesh
Published: March 2021

Reliable and dedicated protection of the transformer is the main requirement in the power system due to the supervision of a highly expensive equipment transformer. Non‐linear characteristics of the transformer give mysterious behaviour for the period of inrush and Current transformer saturation conditions. As a stagnant and electro‐magnetic device, a transformer is mainly affected by self‐inrush. The saturation of the core itself is a very critical situation that becomes a hindrance for fault discrimination. This article involves the elaboration of the effect of inrush on transformer operation, past research practices for the discrimination of inrush with the faulty condition, and a definite method to recognise inrush and fault condition of the transformer. More than 50 reputed journal articles, various book chapters, and books with research thesis thoroughly studied to review the inrush and fault discrimination conditions. A comparative analysis is prepared to suggest the identification of transformer abnormalities. Moreover, a total harmonics distortion (THD)‐based solution proposed for discrimination of the inrush condition from fault and other abnormal conditions using the short time Fourier transform technique. Hardware setup for 2 kVA transformer developed in the laboratory to study different inrush phenomena and altered fault conditions. Simulation and hardware results show various effects of inrush and fault with individual harmonic and THD‐based analysis. The collection of real‐time data is further used based on laboratory hardware setup to enhance real‐time protection schemes for power transformers.
Review of interface tailoring techniques and applications to improve insulation performance
Authors: Zhu Mingxiao , Xue Jianyi , Wei Yanhui , Li Guochang , Zhang Guanjun
Published: March 2021

Interfaces between different materials, for instance, electrode–dielectrics and vacuum/air/SF6‐insulators and oilpaper, are universal in high‐voltage insulation systems. Targeted tailoring of the interfacial properties, e.g. chemical structures, micro‐/nanoscale morphology, the charge injection barrier, trap states, and surface conductivity, is thought to be an effective approach to improve insulation properties such as breakdown and flashover strength, corona/tracking resistance, and wettability. In this article, the authors review recent progress in interface tailoring methods and their application to improve various insulation properties. The potential application scenarios of interface tailoring in different facilities are first summarised, and the desired insulation properties of various applications are highlighted. Interface tailoring methods are classified as physical/chemical surface modification and surface coating (inorganic, organic and composite), and the features of different techniques are described in detail. The structure–property relationships between interfacial states and various microscopic parameters such as charge injection barrier, trap distribution and surface conductivity are discussed together with the tailoring mechanisms for different insulation properties. Finally, the future development prospects of interface tailoring methods and their applications, e.g. multifunctional coating and stimuli–response smart coating, are presented.
Intrinsic synchrosqueezing analysis on micro‐Doppler features for small unmanned aerial vehicles identification with dual‐channel radar
Authors: Zhao Yichao , Su Yi
Published: March 2021

The micro‐Doppler (m‐D) effect depends on the rotation of rotor blades in addition to the translation of the platform. Thus it is a characteristic for identifying small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, compared with the Doppler signal induced by the translation of the platform, the m‐D signal is weak. In this article, a highly localised data‐association method, intrinsic synchrosqueezing analysis (ISA), is proposed for estimating m‐D characteristics from the returned signal of small UAVs with a dual‐channel radar. Employing synchrosqueezing transform on intrinsic mode functions derived from noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition, the proposed ISA method separates the Doppler signal and enables denoising and sharpening time‐frequency representation of the m‐D signal. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis, showing the feasibility of estimating m‐D features in a noisy environment. Applications on field data illustrate brighter prospects for identifying small UAVs.
Magnetic field penetration through a circular aperture in a perfectly conducting plate excited by a coaxial loop
Authors: Lovat Giampiero , Burghignoli Paolo , Araneo Rodolfo , Celozzi Salvatore
Published: March 2021

The transmission of an electromagnetic field produced by a current loop of finite radius through a coaxial circular aperture in a perfectly conducting plate is evaluated through a rapidly convergent formulation in an exact form. By applying the equivalence principle, the problem is first formulated in the Hankel transform domain, obtaining a set of dual integral equations in which the equivalent surface magnetic current density defined on the aperture is not known. The set of dual integral equations is regularised in a second‐kind Fredholm integral equation by applying the Abel integral‐transform technique. The solution is achieved by expanding the unknown in a set of orthogonal basis functions that correctly reproduce the behaviour of the equivalent magnetic current at the edge of the aperture. Finally, under particular assumptions, a low‐frequency solution is extracted in a closed form. Numerical results are reported to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed formulations.
On the spectral nature of entanglement
Authors: Mastriani Mario
Published: March 2021

This study establishes, for the first time in literature, that quantum entanglement, as well as the most important protocol derived from it, that is, quantum teleportation, completely rest on the Quantum Fourier Transform. This highlights the spectral nature of both protocols with important consequences on quantum computing, quantum communications, and quantum cryptography, with a particular emphasis on quantum Internet.
Heuristic approach applied to the optimum stratification problem
Authors: André Brito José , de Lima Leonardo , Henrique González Pedro , Oliveira Breno , Maculan Nelson
Published: March 2021

The problem of finding an optimal sample stratification has been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose a heuristic optimization method for solving the univariate optimum stratification problem to minimize the sample size for a given precision level. The method is based on the variable neighborhood search metaheuristic, which was combined with an exact method. Numerical experiments were performed over a dataset of 24 instances, and the results of the proposed algorithm were compared with two very well-known methods from the literature. Our results outperformed 94% of the considered cases. Besides, we developed an enumeration algorithm to find the optimal global solution in some populations and scenarios, which enabled us to validate our metaheuristic method. Furthermore, we find that our algorithm obtained the optimal global solutions for the vast majority of the cases.
Intermodal Brillouin scattering in solid-core photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Jarschel Paulo F. , Lamilla Erick , Espinel Yovanny A. V. , Aldaya Ivan , Pita Julian L. , Gil-Molina Andres , Wiederhecker Gustavo S. , Dainese Paulo
Published: March 2021

We investigate intermodal forward Brillouin scattering in a solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), demonstrating efficient power conversion between the HE11 and HE21 modes, with a maximum gain coefficient of 21.4 W−1 km−1. By exploring mechanical modes of different symmetries, we observe both polarization-dependent and polarization-independent intermodal Brillouin interaction. Finally, we discuss the role of squeeze film air damping and leakage mechanisms, ultimately critical to the engineering of PCF structures with enhanced interaction between high-order optical modes through flexural mechanical modes.
Semitendinosus and biceps femoris long head active stiffness response until failure in professional footballers with vs. without previous hamstring injury
Authors: Freitas Sandro R. , Mendes Bruno , Firmino Telmo , Correia José Pedro , Witvrouw Erik E. M. C. , Oliveira Raúl , Vaz João R.
Published: March 2021

This study sought to examine the active stiffness of semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris long head (BFlh) during a knee flexor isometric contraction at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction until failure in elite footballers (n = 50, age: 22.3 ± 5.3 years; height: 1.82 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 74.7 ± 9.0 kg). Active stiffness was assessed using ultrasound‐based shear wave elastography by means of shear modulus quantification. Comparisons were performed between limbs with (n = 11) vs. without (n = 89) previous hamstring injury. A similar time until failure in the knee flexor fatigue task was observed between groups (p = .401). At the start of the task, lower limbs with previous hamstring injury showed a lower BFlh active stiffness (31.0.1 ± 10.4 kPa, p = .023) and BFlh/ST active stiffness ratio (0.50 ± 0.29), and no differences for ST (72.8 ± 26.8 kPa, p = .221) compared to lower limbs without previous hamstring injuries (BFlh: 38.0 ± 9.6 kPa; ST: 64.0 ± 18.4 kPa; BFlh/ST: 0.65 ± 0.27). During the task, the ST active stiffness in both groups decreased from 80% of task time (p = .032), in the absence of changes in BFlh active stiffness (p = .534), resulting in an increase in BFlh/ST active stiffness from 80% of task time (p = .029). No differences between limbs were observed during the fatigue task for all parameters (p > .099). Future research is warranted to verify if the differences found represent an increased risk of hamstring injury.

Highlights

The hamstring's active stiffness response to a fatigue protocol in soccer athletes with a history of injury is unknown.

Athletes with previous injury showed less active stiffness in the biceps femoris long head.

Similar response to fatigue was observed between athletes with and without hamstring injury history.
Decoherence effects in non-classicality tests of gravity
Authors: Rijavec Simone , Carlesso Matteo , Bassi Angelo , Vedral Vlatko , Marletto Chiara
Published: March 2021

The experimental observation of a clear quantum signature of gravity is believed to be out of the grasp of current technology. However, several recent promising proposals to test the possible existence of non-classical features of gravity seem to be accessible by the state-of-art table-top experiments. Among them, some aim at measuring the gravitationally induced entanglement between two masses which would be a distinct non-classical signature of gravity. We explicitly study, in two of these proposals, the effects of decoherence on the system’s dynamics by monitoring the corresponding degree of entanglement. We identify the required experimental conditions necessary to perform successfully the experiments. In parallel, we account also for the possible effects of the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, which is the most known among the models of spontaneous wavefunction collapse. We find that any value of the parameters of the CSL model would completely hinder the generation of gravitationally induced entanglement.
Impact of neutron irradiation on hardening of baseline and advanced tungsten grades and its link to initial microstructure
Authors: Yin Chao , Terentyev Dmitry , Dubinko Andrii , Zhang Tao , Wirtz Marius , Antusch Steffen , Petrov Roumen H. , Pardoen Thomas
Published: March 2021

Six tungsten grades were irradiated in the Belgian material test reactor (BR2) and characterized by Vickers hardness tests in order to investigate the irradiation-induced hardening. These tungsten grades included: Plansee (Austria) ITER specification tungsten, ALMT (Japan) ITER specification tungsten, two products from KIT (Germany) produced by powder injection molding (PIM) and strengthened by 1% TiC and 2% Y2O3 dispersed particles, and rolled tungsten strengthened by 0.5% ZrC from ISSP (China). The materials were irradiated face-to-face at three temperatures equal to 600 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C to the dose of ∼1 dpa. The Vickers hardness tests under 200 gf (HV0.2) were performed at room temperature. The Vickers hardness increases as the irradiation temperature increases from 600 to 1000 °C for all materials, except for the ZrC-reinforced tungsten, for which the increase of hardness does not depend on irradiation temperature. The irradiation-induced hardness decreases after irradiation at 1200 °C. This is a result of defect annealing enhanced by thermally activated diffusion. However, even at 1200 °C, the impact of neutron irradiation on the hardness increase remains significant; the hardness increases by ∼30 to 60% compared to the non-irradiated value. In the case of TiC-strengthened material, the irradiation hardening progressively raises with irradiation temperature, which cannot be explained by the accumulation of neutron irradiation defects solely.
Diagnosis misconceptions of junior high school in Lamongan on the heat concept using the three-tier test
Authors: Haryono H E , Aini K N
Published: March 2021

Misunderstanding is one of the causes of junior high school students in the city of Lamongan learning difficulties, especially studying physics material. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the three-tier test able to identify student misconceptions. Based on the research objectives to be achieved, this research is a descriptive study using descriptive qualitative methods in explaining the research results. The technique of collecting data through tests is by using a Three-Tier Test diagnostic instrument and open interview. Diagnostic results data are expressed in terms of percentage of the students’ conception categories. The sample of this research is the students who have received the Heat material, seventh graders. The subjects of this study were grade VII students totaling 150 students with details of 60 male students and 90 female students with age around 12 to 13 years old. Besides using written tests, interviews were conducted on several students to verify the results of the three-tier test. From the analysis of three-tier test diagnostic data students showed that from 47% including the criteria to master the concept, while the remaining 38% experienced misconceptions, 5% guess or not believe in the answers, and 10% don’t know the concept. Conclusions of this study is the three-tier test that has been developed on Heat topic is able to identify misconceptions students quickly and accurately. Therefore, a three-level diagnostic test tool that has been developed to diagnose students ‘misconceptions about temperature and heat materials can identify students’ misconceptions quickly and accurately.
The development of device learning based on TPACK (technological pedagogical content knowledge) in the form of hypercontent modules in electronics courses
Authors: Rufaida S , Nurfadilah
Published: March 2021

This study aims to develop a device learning based on TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) in the form of hypercontent modules in electronics courses that combine technological, pedagogical, and material content knowledge by using QR code as a learning navigation tool so it acts as open resources for learning. This device sustains the 21st century system and independent learning, because students can begin to learn the subject needed with non-linearly and facilitate learning styles by providing variety of learning resources such as site addresses, journal texts, videos, audio, and images that can be accessed with QR code reader so learning feels contextual and able to direct students to think creatively in learning. Research and development carried out using the Borg and Gall models with the step of collecting information, do the planning, developing product formations, testing, revising, disseminating, and implementing the product. This research shows that device learning based on TPACK in the form of hypercontent modules is valid, practice, and effective for use in electronics courses as seen from the improvement of student learning outcomes.
Using three-tier test to diagnose students’ level of understanding
Authors: Pramesti Y S , Mahmudi H , Setyowidodo I
Published: March 2021

Assessment activities can help lecturer to understand the strengths and weaknesses experienced by students in learning. By implementing quality assessments and analyzing them to get information about student learning weaknesses, lecturers have a reference to make effective decisions in the learning process. Ability to understand is very important to solve physics problem. Geometric optics is a concept that occur in our daily life. In contrary, it doesn’t ensure students have correct concept about geometric optics. The purpose of this study is to diagnose students’ level of understanding in geometric optics concept. This study used mixed method design. The sample used in this study was Mechanical Engineering students who took Engineering Physics courses. Based on test result data using paired sample t-test, the average score was obtained from 39.08 to 75.76 (p <0.01). The results of data analysis from the three-tier test diagnostic instrument showed that there are 4 level of students’ understanding such as understand, guess, misconception, and don’t understand the concept. This study revealed the students’ difficulties such as students were not been able to analyze terms and conditions of

f
=

R

2

and light refraction in half covered lens.
The evaluation on the use of e-learning media to improve HOTS through authentic and holistic assessments
Authors: Yusuf I , Widyaningsih S W , Prasetyo Z K , Istiyono E
Published: March 2021

This study aims to improve students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) through the use of e-learning. The type of research used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) which refers to the Davison, Martinsons & Kock model. The subjects used were 11 students majoring in Department of Physics Education at the Universitas Papua who programmed basic physics courses with two lecturers as instructors. The students consisted of 6 female and 5 male, with an average age of 19 years. The research instruments are in the form of HOTS questions and online questionnaires about the effectivity and practicality of using e-learning. Students’ HOTS assessment were done authentically and holistically by looking at the various effects of optimizing the use of e-learning that can improve student HOTS. The results showed that the use of e-learning media consisting of various supporting devices such as modules, animation, simulation, multimedia, and online virtual laboratories could increase students HOTS. Students give agreeing responses to the use of e-learning media. It can be concluded that e-learning can improve HOTS ‘ability and students agree the learning process. This study’s recommendations are the need for sufficient internet access and affordable fees, especially for students.
Development and validation of students’ achievement, ability to ask and inductive thinking instruments in the static fluid course
Authors: Halim A , Ayunda D S , Susanna  , Mustafa  , Syukri M , Irwandi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to discuss the results of developing several test and non-test instruments to be used as a measurement of learning outcomes, questioning skills and students’ inductive thinking skills. Development using the ADDIE model. Based on expert assessments and trials on a limited sample, 20 items were obtained for the learning outcomes instrument, 12 items for the non-test question ability and 10 items for the non-test instrument inductive thinking ability. The results of the analysis of data for the Learning Outcomes Test of Statis Fluid (LOTSF), the Questioning Ability Observation Sheet instrument (QAOS), and the Inductive Thinking Ability Observation Sheet (ITAOS) instrument obtained a validity of 0.6 and a reliability value of 0.75. Inference from this study to lecturers or teachers who teach Static Fluid concepts can follow the test development procedure offered in this article or use instruments produced from this study.
Faraday flashlight project-based STEM to enhance problem-solving skill of students
Authors: Parno  , Zulaikah S , Rosyidah F U N , Ali M
Published: March 2021

The problem-solving skills is one of necessary competence to compete in twenty-first century. However, research about the impact of Project-based learning based science, technology, engineering and mathematics (PjBL-STEM) towards problem solving skills in the topic of electromagnetic induction is still limited. Faraday flashlight project as representative of basic development of modern technology in the topic of electromagnetic. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Faraday flashlight in STEM integrated PjBL learning towards the increase in students’ problem-solving skills. The mixed methods involved 36 senior high school students as participants. The research instrument was the Problem-Solving Skills Test, observation (panduan observasi), and interview. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-Test, N-gain, effect size, and data reduction. The result shows that PjBL-STEM had enough effect on students’ problem-solving skills. This condition was caused by each syntax of PjBL based STEM, which could help students enhance their problem-solving skill. Students’ skills in describing problems, utilization of Faraday induction approach, specific application of physics, and logical progression had increased in medium categories. However, mathematical procedures had a high category. Based on effect size criteria, PjBl based STEM had high effect on all problem-solving skill indicators.