bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Adoption of Chinnor Rice Production Technology and Constraints Faced by Farmers of Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India, Khan Mohammad Imran , Bisen Uttam ,   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India, Sarvade S. ,   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India, Gautam Kamleshwar ,   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India, Bisen Sharad ,   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India, Rai S. K. ,   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India, Shrivastava Atul ,   College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Murjhad Farm, Waraseoni, Madhya Pradesh (481 331), India
Published: November 2021

The Study was conducted during 2019–20 to find out the adoption of Chinnor rice production technology by farming communities of the Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Farmers of an area were aware about technology invented by scientists of College of Agriculture, Balaghat. Adoption of interventions involved in given technology varied from 64–100%. Majority of the respondents respond to mixing of vermi-compost and other cakes in soil (77.72%), seed rate @ 20–25 kg ha-1 (69.40%), 2–3 times of ploughing (64.51%), recommended plant spacing (75.00%), organic manures for nutrient management (88.47%), mechanical method of weed control (94.96%), try biological control insect-pest (96.33%), manual harvesting as well as bagging method of storage (98.00%). Data indicates that the lodging of the crop due to height was the major constraint in their adoption and it ranks Ist as 68.33% respondents reported the problem of lodging. Long duration required for maturity of the Chinnor than other rice varieties was another limiting factor, ranked IInd with 61.67% farmers’ response, whereas less availability and high cost of pure seed of variety ranked IIIrd with 54.33% farmers’ response. Majority of respondents (36.33%) communicate with the scientists of the college and other institutions. With some improvements in qualitative parameters of the crop, adoption by farmers and yield of the crop will increase.
Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition
Authors:   Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Dey Susmita , Kumar Rakesh ,   Rice Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Kaul, Haryana (136 021), India, Battan K. R. ,   Rice Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Kaul, Haryana (136 021), India, Chhabra A. K. ,   Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Reddy A. Lokeshwar ,   Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India
Published: November 2021

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.
Aromatic Rice with Multiple Disease Resistance Developed through Anther Culture
Authors:   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, CG (492 012), India, Kharate Pawankumar , Pusadkar Pratik ,   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, CG (492 012), India, Patel Nirmala Bharti ,   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, CG (492 012), India, Maurya Shrinkhla ,   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, CG (492 012), India, Jha Zenu ,   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, CG (492 012), India
Published: November 2021

The experiments were conducted during kharif (June to September) 2018 and 2019 to screen 7 aromatic rice double haploid (DH) lines developed against Bacterial Leaf Bligh (BLB) and blast disease. Three genes Xa21, xa13, xa5 for BLB resistance and two genes Pi1, Pi2 for blast resistance was introgressed into a local aromatic rice variety Dubraj from Chhattisgarh State of India. Dubraj is extremely popular aromatic short medium grain variety in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh region and hence used in this study. RPBIO-226 and PR122 rice variety is used as donor for BLB and blast resistance respectively. 7 DH lines (L-1 to L-7) were developed from the crosses (Dubraj X RPBIO-226 X PR122) in the year 2017. Phenotypic evaluation for BLB diseases resistance has shown that L-1, L-6 and L-7 (score 1) has a similar resistance as the control check RPBIO-226(score-1) and 3 lines with moderate resistance (L-3 score 2) (L-4 score 3) (L-5 score 3). For blast disease, three lines (L-4, L-6 and L-7) were identified as resistance with the disease score of 1, whereas three were grouped under the section moderately resistant (L-1, L-3 and L- 5) with a disease score of 3. Sensory test (1.7% KOH) was conducted for the estimation of presence / absence of aroma. Moderately strong aroma was present in four lines (L-1, L-3, L-6 and L-7). On the basis of yield and presence of aroma in grain, L-3 has been selected with moderately resistant to BLB and blast for further advancement and subsequently evaluated under State Initial Evaluation Trial (SIET) during kharif 2020. Within 3 years of development of DH line, L-3 is under varietal developmental trail, which itself indicate the efficacy of anther culture in fixing homozygosity and speedy development of desired variety within short period of time.
Seasonal Variation in Microbial Communities in Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere soil of Different Fruit Tree Species in Semiarid Irrigated Conditions of Haryana
Authors:   Dept. of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Kumar Dinesh , Dalal R. P. S. ,   Dept. of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Kumar Rakesh ,   Dept. of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Parshad Jagdish ,   Dept. of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Jaipal Jaipal ,   Dept. of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India
Published: November 2021

The present study was undertaken to analyze seasonal variations in microbial communities in different fruit tree orchards (mango, guava, ber, bael, jamun, aonla and sweet orange) during summer, rainy and winter season of 2018-19 under semiarid irrigated ecosystem. In rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, maximum TBC, PSB and nitrogen fixers were found in mango orchard during summer and rainy season while maximum fungal count in jamun orchard during all the seasons. Maximum actinomycete was counted in guava orchard during summer and winter while in mango during rainy season. In rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, the total microbial count, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen fixers were maximum in rainy season while fungal and actinomycetes count in summer season. The maximum increase in total microbial count, PSB and nitrogen fixers or diazotrophs were found in mango orchard during summer (11.61%, 7.88%, 7.67%) and rainy season (11.16%, 7.57%, 6.93%) respectively, over the control while lowest total bacterial count, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen fixers count were observed in ber (20.03%), guava (10.25%) and sweet orange orchard (13.58%). However, maximum increase in fungal count over control was found in jamun orchard during summer (25.77%), rainy (21.83%) and winter season (33.44%). Maximum increase in actinomycetes count over control was found in guava orchard during summer (8.72%) and (9.37%) during winter season. Whereas in mango orchard during rainy (10.71%).
“Soft” Power of China: Efficiency and Response to the Current Challenges
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dorosh Lesia , Yablonska Myroslava ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2021

The features of the “soft” power of the PRC, which are significantly based on its indicators of "hard" power – economic and military power, – have been studied. It is noted that there is a difference in the assessment of the state of “soft” power of China by Western countries and, accordingly, by China itself. Emphasis was placed on the prospects for the embodiment of China’s cultural “soft” power and its obstacles. Vulnerabilities in China’s “soft” power have been explored, including the political system and civil society. The importance of the tools of "mask" and "vaccine" diplomacy in the arsenal of "soft" power of China used to minimize the negative effects of the pandemic on China’s image and elevate its status as a leader in global health, have been analyzed. The effectiveness of the Chinese “soft” power has been analyzed through the studies conducted by the “Pew Research Centre” and “Portland Communication” agency. The importance of economic “soft” power in China’s conquest of new allies, including Asia and Africa, has been noted. It is emphasized that the most successful “soft” power is among countries where China is not burdened with accusations of human rights violations. It is noted that one of the main problems in China’s implementation of “soft” power policy is the dissonance between the image that China seeks to project and the country’s actions.
The Types of Notions in “German Logic” of Christian Wolff
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Pasitschnyk Ihor
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the problem of classification of notions (Begriffe) by Christian Wolff, particularly in his “German Logic”. Wolff divides notions – as well as representations (Vorstellungen) in general – into obscure (dunkel, obscura) and clear (klar, clara). The clear notions are divided into distinct (deutlich, distincta) and indistinct (undeutlich, indistincta or confusa). And the distinct notions are divided again into complete (ausführlich, completa) and incomplete (unausführlich, incompleta), and on the other hand into adequate (vollständig, adaequata) and inadequate (unvollständig, inadaequata). The aim of the paper is to analyse and to explain these types of notions and in this way to point out the crucial significance of this classification for Wolff’s philosophy. The paper shows that the starting point for understanding of Wolff’s theory of notions in “German Logic” is the correct interpretation of his definition of notion in this work, above all the correct interpretation of the word “Sache”. It is further explained, what it means to have a notion of something by an image and to have a notion of something by bare words. And it is also analysed the difference between obscure, clear (but indistinct), distinct, complete and adequate notions.
Meaning and Other Problems of the Semantics of Ordinary Language (Foreword to the Ukrainian Translation of H.P. Grice’s Article “Meaning”).
Authors:   Museum of the Outstanding Figures of Ukrainian Culture, Petik Yaroslav , Sepetyi Dmytro ,   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The foreword to the very first Ukrainian translation of H. P. Grice’s article “Meaning” deals with the personality of the famous British-American philosopher, a representative of analytical philosophy, and the importance of his work in the field of semantics and ordinary language philosophy. Translators of this article focus on the features and subtleties of translation into Ukrainian. They drive attention to some concepts, for instance “belief”, “intention”, that cannot be unambiguously translated into Ukrainian, therefore a contextual translation of such concepts is methodologically justified.
Ungkapan metafora pada teks iklan di situs daring sebagai bahan ajar pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMP
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Saputri Yuliana Muktiyasning Bekti , Wahyudi Agus Budi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Published: November 2021

This study has the following objectives: (1) Determine the form of metaphors in ad text on the blibli.com online site, (2) Describe the meaning contained in the metaphorical expressions in the ad text on the blibli.com online site, and (3) Explain the use of the expression metaphor as teaching material for learning Indonesian in junior high school. This type of research is qualitative research and uses qualitative descriptive methods. The data source in this study is the ad text discourse contained on the blibli.com online site. Data collection techniques using listening techniques and note taking techniques. Data analysis using the method of distribution with the type of technique for the Direct Element (BUL) and the equivalent method with a referential type. The results of this study (1) metaphorical expressions are analyzed based on shapes, which are grouped into classes of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences, (2) metaphorical expressions are analyzed based on meanings according to metaphorical forms, namely anthropomorphic metaphors, animal metaphors, concrete to abstract metaphors, and synesthesia metaphors. The tendency of metaphors that often appear in ad text on blibli.com online sites is anthropomorphic metaphors and concrete to abstract metaphors, (3) the use of metaphorical expressions in ad text on blibli.com online sites as teaching materials for learning Indonesian in junior high school.
Asihan (Mantra) sebagai adat budaya masyarakat Lampung Pepadun
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi, Irawan Windo Dicky , Sumarno Sumarno ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi, Basri Juhardi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi
Published: November 2021

This research is motivated by an interest in the asihan or mantra of the Lampung Pepadun cultural community, North Lampung Regency which functions to strengthen mental and self-confidence, expel evil spirits, treat sick people, defeat the forces of nature, and subdue one's heart. The purpose of this study is to describe the function and meaning of asihan or mantra for the culture of the people of Lampung Pepadun, North Lampung Regency. The data in this study were taken from the traditional elders of Lampung Pepadun in North Lampung district. Data were collected by observation, interview, and recording methods.
Computer Modeling and Calculation of the Ventilation Systems for Workplaces and Premises of Electric Welding Production
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Shaptala V.V. , Logachev K.I. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Khukalenko E.E. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov
Published: November 2021

The most important means of protecting the labor of electric welders is local exhaust ventilation, if required supplemented by general exchange ventilation of electric welding rooms, which contributes to maintaining the normalized state of the air environment. In real conditions, the dust-gas environment of the welding station is influenced by a combination of factors such as the location of welders breathing zone, the relative location of the welding point, and the suction opening of the exhaust device, and the air mobility associated with the aerodynamic interaction of the supply and exhaust devices. The desire to reduce the productivity and energy consumption of exhaust devices usually leads to a change in their effect on the state of the air environment. Therefore, along with the design features of the air extract, it is of great importance that the designs of the exhaust devices correspond to the nature of the welding work performed, as well as the space-planning solution for the mutual arrangement of welding posts and supply and exhaust devices, especially in the rooms with a limited volume. The article is devoted to the analysis of the effect of these factors on the dust and gas environment of the electric welding stations, and the search for their rational combination by the method of computer modeling using the Ansys Fluent hydrodynamic package. To approximate the complex dependence of the carryover into the room, and the concentration in the breathing zone of harmful impurities on the main influencing factors, it is proposed to use a neural network of direct propagation. The architecture and results of testing a neural network model of one of the types of exhaust devices are presented.
Classification of Occupational Safety Costs in terms of Medical Examinations in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Republican Scientific Research Institute for Labour Protection of Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Aitkenova G.T.
Published: November 2021

The results of the study of the classification of occupational safety costs, in particular the classification of costs for medical examinations, according to the current requirements of the regulatory legal acts and documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. The Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not regulate the cost of financing occupational safety costs in the organizations. In addition, there are no state-approved methodology for planning and occupational safety budgeting costs. International research in the field of occupational safety confirms the positive effect of the investments in occupational safety on the competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability of the enterprise at the market. At the same time, the methodologically sound organization of planning and financing of occupational safety costs depends on their correct classification, which further contributes to the construction of a rational budgetary system of the enterprise in the field of occupational safety. The need for cost classification is due to the fact, that the existing occupational safety activities have different signs and types of costs. In the process of the study the empirical data is used, for example, codes, laws, and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the scientific research from near and far abroad. The paper offers three signs of the classification of occupational safety costs. In accordance with the proposed signs of cost classification, the types of medical examinations that employers are legally required to conduct for their employees are distributed. Thus, the classification of occupational safety costs, which is aimed at the cost management, should consider all the main options for solving managerial tasks of the enterprise in the field of occupational safety, and should be applicable in practice. At the same time, the classification of costs with varying degrees of detail contributes to the sound planning and financing of the costs for employee occupational safety, which will lead to a positive result from the investment.
Development of Safety Culture based on the Efficient Organization of Management by Goals
Authors:   «Safety Technologies» ltd, Mazhkenov S.A.
Published: November 2021

One of the universal tools for the development of a safety culture at the enterprise is management by goals. The main task of the management of occupational safety goals is aimed at achieving sustainable transformations in the enterprise activities (corporate safety culture) that would generate a given result for a long time (for example, reduction of the level of injury, accidents rates, etc.). To increase the effectiveness of this tool, it is proposed to use two groups of target indicators: goals-states (describe the parameters to the system final state), and the goals-drivers (reflect the degree of implementation of the planned activities (processes) that ensure the transfer of the system to a given state). The need to introduce goals-drivers is related to the need to control the implementation of the activities on eliminating the key risks, regularly inform the staff on occupational safety issues, training the staff in practical skills in emergency situations, conduct workplace safety inspections, timeliness, and quality of elimination of the identified violations and inconsistencies, staff involvement in various corporate programs on occupational safety improvement. Successful implementation of the goals-drivers directly effects on the achievement of the corresponding goals-states. The choice of specific types of target indicators and their values is determined by the desired level of the new state of occupational safety culture at the enterprise. The possibility of cascading (rationing) of the target indicators from the enterprise level to the level of its smallest organizational unit ensures the motivation and involvement of all the personnel in the implementation of the planned activities in the field of occupational safety. The examples are provided in the article related to the successful application of this approach for reducing the level of injury rate and increase the level of safety culture in the company divisions.
Method of Assessing the Integral Risk on the Example of the system «GL2Z Enterprise — Hazardous and Harmful Factors — Employees»
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Esipov Yu.V. , Boukhezna B.E. ,   Don State Technical University, Dzhilyadzhi M.S. ,   State Public Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Republic of Crimea «Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University named after Fevzi Yakubov»
Published: November 2021

The Algerian company Sonatrach is associated with the production of the liquefied natural gas, propane, butane, gasoline from the crude gas. The article solves the problem of assessing the integral risk at the GL2Z natural gas liquefaction plant with an analysis of the possible joint effect on the employees of production products complex as harmful and (or) hazardous factors in the form of chemical and thermal factors, provided that a fire or flash occurs considering the error of measuring gas components concentration. Integral risk is understood as probable (expected) damage from the occurrence of an incident or from the realization of an unfavorable outcome, provided that the full group of possible incidents (outcomes) in the system under consideration is considered. Modeling and cause-and-effect analysis of the occurrence of an incident and (or) adverse outcomes in the system is described using factor parametric models of the type «load-bearing capacity», «effect — susceptibility». In this case, most often the realization of an unfavorable outcome is evaluated by the condition of exceeding the parameter or the magnitude of the effect over the susceptibility parameter. Using the example of the system under consideration, a Boolean function of the integral risk indicator is constructed, and a demonstration of the calculation of its probabilistic form is performed. In addition, it is proposed to calculate a probabilistic measure from a unified position of logical and parametric description of both the set of possible incidents and their components in the form of unfavorable outcomes. To test the proposed method for assessing the integral risk, the initial data were used, with which, provided that the probability of an outbreak of all five components of the crude gas is equal, it was obtained that in a particular analyzed system, the calculated value of the upper limit of the probability of an incident occurrence was 0.9675.
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE RIGHT CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC EVENTRATION ON THE RIGHT SUBJECTED TO SURGICAL CORRECTION IN A CHILD WITH MEGADOLICOCOLON
Authors: Babuci S. , Gorbatyuk O. , Eremia V. , Petrovici V.
Published: November 2021

Спонтанний розрив гемідіафрагми у випадках вродженої діафрагмальної евентрації зустрічається вкрай рідко, у літературі повідомляють про унікальні випадки.In this context, the authors present the case of an 8-year-old child who was hospitalized in the coloproctology service for abdominal pain, lack of stool for more than 7 days, pronounced abdominal distension. The child suffers from Down's disease. In 2017, he was occasionally diagnosed with right diaphragmatic eventration and underwent surgical correction by thoracic approach. After a thorough evaluation, with signs suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia on the right, the child underwent surgery, intraoperatively the rupture of the right hemidiaphragm was found with intrathoracic ascension of the malrotated intestinal loops, transverse colon and omentum. The repair of the diaphragmatic eventration complicated by rupture was used using the “overcoat” folding procedure, on the suture line being carefully applied a collagen foil covered with components of the fibrin adhesive. The postoperative period passed without complications.Conclusion. Spontaneous rupture of the diaphragm is a rare complication in children with diaphragmatic eventration, especially on the right side, in this case obstruction of the malformative colon ascended intrathoracically with progressive dilation of the intestinal loops being responsible for distension with gradual thinning of the hemidiaphragm sac resulting malformation in diaphragmatic rupture with herniation and progressive obliteration of the pleural space. The case of rupture of the diaphragmatic eventration associated with megadolicocolon confirms that the respiratory symptoms characteristic of this clinical situation may be overshadowed by the predominance of signs of intestinal obstruction, without leading to sudden progressive clinical deterioration, which proved to be a misleading moment in diagnosis. certainty of this serious complication rarity.
Identification Of Silymarin In Echinopus tenuisectus Family Compositae
Authors: Al-Mohammadi Suha H. , Khadeem Enas J.
Published: November 2021

This study emphasized on the detection and identification of silymarin (Silybinin) Flavonoid in a newly studied, wild Iraqi plant, named Echinopus tenuisectus of Compositae family. The medicinal importance of silymarin on the one hand, and the absence of any phytochemical investigation on tenuisectus specie of Echinopus genus on the other hand, acquired this study its importance. Silymarin was identified in the plant extract of both, the aerial part’s and the seed’s extracts, by two chromatographic methods, first Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using TLC ready made Gf254 plates, UV detector at 254 nm, and three different solvent systems in which the Rf value of the standard silymarin matched with the Rf value of the plant extract silymarin. HPLC was the other chromatographic method that proved the presence of silymarin in the plant extract by identical retention times. The result indicated that the silymarin content in the seed extract was higher than that in the plant extract of the aerial parts.
تثبيط التغيرات الخلوية الوراثية المستحثة بعقار MMC في الفأر الأبيض باستخدام مستخلصي نبات القريص نوع Urtica pilulifera
Authors: Shubber Ismail Kadhum , Abdel Hassan Laith , Hilal Saadi Hamad
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of aquatic & alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Urtica pilulifera plant against mutagenecity of Mitomycine C (MMC) drug in mice.The genotoxic effects of three different concentrations 0.01, 0.1 & 0.5 mg/kg from aqueous or ethanolic extract were tested in mice. 0.01 mg/kg bw from either types of extracts were selected as non-genotoxic in comparison to control. Drug-plant extract interaction was tested using mitotic index & Chromosomal aberrations as bioindicators for detection of the potency of the plant extract in reduction of MMC-induction of cytogenetic effects. Two types of treatments were followed, either plant extracts were given before (2, 4, 6) days, or after (2, 4, 6) days, of treatment with MMC. The results revealed that 0.2 mg/kg of MMC significantly inhibited bone marrow cell division and increased the spontaneous levels of chromosomal aberration up to 20 times. Treatment of mice with aqueous or alcoholoic leaf-extract reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the genotoxic effects of MMC. This reduction was more pronounced in animals which were given the extract after treatment with MMC comparing to its treatment before the MMC exposure. These results indicated that Utrtica pilulifera leaves extract behave as bio-anti mutagen first degree and acting indirectly in the 2nd degree.
The effect of media and growth regulators on in vitro rooting of olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. Gordal.
Authors: Abdul Majeed Qais Jamel
Published: November 2021

Nodal explants of difficult-to-root Gordal olive were cultured on half-strength OM medium after surface sterilization with 15% NaOCl for 20 minutes. The in vitro-proliferated shoots were then submitted for 25 days to rooting trials including various concentrations of NAA and IBA and different half-strength rooting media as well.Among the media tested during rooting stage, highest rooting percentage 62% found in both OM and MS half-strength media when both the growth substances were used, and 87.5 and 90% gained when IBA and NAA were added to the rooting media at 2 Mg/L each, respectively.Highest number of roots 1.85 and highest root length 3.09 mm obtained with half-strength MS and OM media respectively, when IBA was used with these media. And IBA at 2 Mg/L in the rooting media gave the highest number of roots 2.5 with 4.13 mm length.However, 2 Mg/L NAAin the rooting media gave 1.94 number of roots with length of 3.88 mm, while number of roots 1.38 with 2.79 length obtained with half- strength OM media when NAA was used in the rooting media .It is therefore concluded that best medium for in vitro rooting of Gordal microcuttings is half- strength OM supplemented with 2 mg/L of IBA.
Using of Corn Gluten Growing of Trichoderma harzianum and production of acid protease
Authors: الخفاجي زهرة محمود , محمد لينا جاسم , علي بتول زينل
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of corn cluten which is one of the agricultural wast products "especially the insoluble solid phase" for the first time as a culturing medium for Trichoderma harzianum and production of acid protease enzyme by solid state fermentation.
Effects of foliar application of dried yeast solution on population density of broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) on potato
Authors: العاني لؤي قحطان
Published: November 2021

This study were conducted at the fields of College of Agriculture in Abu-Ghraib, to investigate the effects of foliar application with different concentrations of dried bread yeast on the population density of the broad mite, P. latus on potato plants, cultivar (Desari) during the fall seasons of 2006-2007. potato plants were treated at the age of 4-5 true leaves then the application was repeated twice intervals of ten days. Results indicated that the numbers of eggs, larva and adult were significantly different in treated plants. The number of broad mite in 4th week of plant age was 3.66, 6.00, 7.33 eggs, larva, adult / leaf respectively moreover, the density was significantly increased with the other yeast treatment. The higher density for eggs and adults was in the 10th week of plant egg however, in the 8th week the higher density was 17.33 larva / leaf in the concentration 8 g/L. In the 14th week the density was reduced as the
Bioactivity of Origanum oil on Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hasony Adel Abed , Fadhil Alaa abas , Al-Samarrae Khulood
Published: November 2021

The studies revealed that plants oil possesses Antimicrobial properties, the origanum oil organized by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. This oil extract from the Origanum vulgare found in medeternian mountain especially in Turkey. biological activities were studied to determine the effect of origanum oil on Staphylococcus aureus the result revealed that origanum oil were significantly inhibited the growth of the selected bacteria . The study showed that origanum oil has Bactericidal of effect.The inhibition zone (Hz) was determinant by using different concentration from oil as (0.5, 0.25, 0.125)mg/ml . Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oil was estimated by using different concentration as (1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, 1/50) µg/mL, the MIC of bacteria was 1/30.
Evaluation of Ammonium Phosphate Fertilizers Efficiency on Growth and Yield of Wheat by Using Saline Water
Authors: Jarallah A.K.A. , Shukri H.M.
Published: November 2021

A pot culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of two fertilizers, mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), on growth and yield of wheat irrigated with saline water. Six levels of saline water, 2.0 , 4.0 , 6.0 , 8.0 ,10.0 and 12.0 dSm-1 was used, and river water '1.0 dSm-1' as a control The above levels were obtained by mixing drainage water with river water. The experiment was designed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results show significant decrease in grain yield, total dry weight, weight of 100 seed, protein content, and N and P absorption with the increase in the salinity of irrigation water. The results also revealed that MAP fertilizer was superior to DAP fertilizer, and a negative linear relation between plant parameters and irrigation water salinity. The study was concluded that water with 4.0 dSm-1 salinity and leaching fraction to 20% can be safely used for irrigation of wheat cultivated in soil with silty clay texture with efficient drainage system under suitable agriculture practices. Ammonium phosphates are more efficient fertilizers for plants and MAP is superior to DAP.
The effect of aqueous plant extracts (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Glycyrrhiza glabra), on the growth of Entamoeba histolytica in vitro
Authors: Ahmed Zahra’a Abdul-Raheem , Jasim Amna N. , Ad’hiah Ali H.
Published: November 2021

Entamoeba histolytica parasite was isolated from a stool sample, cultivated and maintained in vitro using Locke-egg medium (LEM) and Liver infusion agar medium (LIAM). The effect of two aqueous plant extracts (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Glycyrrhiza glabra) on the growth and activity of the parasite in the two culture media was investigated. The aqueous extracts of H. sabdariffa and G. glabra were effective in reducing the parasite size in the LEM medium. With respect to the reproduction rate, the third concentration (19.71 mg/ml) of H. sabdariffa was significantly effective in inhibiting such rate to 57.6 and 83.6% in LEM and LIAM media, respectively, while for G. glabra, no significant difference in the reproduction rate was observed in both culture media.
Isolation, Purification, And Characterization Of Some Cystein Proteases From Bovine Mastites Milk
Authors: Doosh K.S.
Published: November 2021

Proteolytic activity of cysteine proteases were studied in bovine mastitis milk, four fractions designated as F1,F2,F3,F4 with cysteine protease activity were separated from leukocytes cell by ion- exchange Chromatography through DEAE-Cellulose The most active fraction F4 was selected for further purification utilizing gel filtration Chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column it has been found that F4 most likely being cathepsin B. purification folds and the enzyme yield was 46.66 and 31.81% respectively . polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis test indicated that the enzyme has been purified to homogeneity by giving a single band . The results of enzyme characterization showed that the molecular weights were 31000 and 30000 Daltons as determined by gel filtration and electrophoresis methods in present of reducing agent SDS- PAGE respectively. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0 and it was stable at pH values ranged between 4.5 - 6.5. The enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 45ºC and the enzyme retained its entire activity over 30 min incubation at 30 -50 C and it retained (50, 20, 10) % of its entire activites over 30 min incubation at (60, 70, 80) C respectively. From this results and results observed from the effect of inhibitor and activator reagents we suggest that enzyme F4 possibly belonged to cathepsin B.
Micropropagation and Cormels Production in Gladiolus spp. Var. Oscar
Authors: Ibrahim Kadhim M. , AL- Ani Tarik A. , Mohammad Maeda H.
Published: November 2021

Plant tissue culture techniques are used for the micropropagation of Gladiolus, Oscar variety, using axillary buds of the flower stalks, axillary buds of corms and cormels. It was aimed to design production program for micropropagation and cormels production all year round. This work included many experiments. The effect of Benzyl adenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kin) and the interaction between BA and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on shoot proliferation, the effect of BA on shoot multiplication, the effect of NAA on rooting after 30, 40 and 50 days, were studied. The role of the composed (Peatmoss only, Peatmoss: sand, sand only) in plantlet survival during acclimatization was also studied. Results showed that BA supplemented to the medium at 2.0 mgl induced shoot proliferation from axillary buds of flower stalks, giving an average shoot height of 2.5 cm. while reached 7.4 cm. in shoots induced from axillary buds of corms on a combination of 0.05 mgl NAA and 0.4 mgl BA. In cormels, the best response occurred at concentration of 1.0 mgl Kin giving average shoot length of (6.5 cm.). Maximum average of shoot number and length at the multiplication stage occurred at 0.75 mgl BA in axillary buds taken from both flower stalks and corms, while at 0.5 mgl in cormels. NAA at 1.0 mgl achieved the highest response in root number and length for all studied explants. Rooting percent, number and root length increased over time. Cormels formed 50 days after rooting reaching 100% cormels formation on all plantlets regenerated from the different explants under investigation. Peatmoss was found the best among the three tested media in sustaining plantlets survival.
Extruction of keratinase from the local isolate Bacillus licheniformis and partially purified and characterized
Authors: Abdullah Rasha T. , Hashim Abdulkareem J. , Karhout JASIM M.
Published: November 2021

The keratinase produced from local isolate Bacillus licheniformis was purified by two steps included precipitation by ammonium sulphate with 40% saturation; followed by ion exchange using CM-Cellulose column. The enzyme was purified to 12.6 times in the last step with an enzyme yield of 17%. Enzyme characterization results indicated that: The optimal pH for enzyme activity was 7.5 and it was stable at 7-9.5. The optimal temperature for enzyme activity was 50°C and it was stable for 30 min at 25-45 °C. Substrate specifity was tested using casein, Bovine serum albumin, gelatin, hooves, human hair, chicken feathers and wool; higher specifity was recorded using casein gave 0.6 unit /ml. The enzyme was inhibited by PMSF and metal ions like Hg+2, Fe+2, Cu+2 and Mn+2, and activated by Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2and Al+3.
Study the toxic effect of non-bound colicins extracted from Escherichia coil on transplanted Murine adenocarcinoma (AM3)
Authors: Obaid Hind Hussein , Yaseen Nahiy Yousif , Essa Rajwa Hassan
Published: November 2021

Four types of non-bound colicins (H5, H9, H13, H19) extracted from intestinal normal flora E.coli isolated from apparently healthy people’s stool. Then cytotoxic effect of colicins on transplanted murine adenocarcinoma (AM3) was studied. The results showed,that the four colicins had inhibitory effects on growth of AM3 cells when injected intratumorally at (200) mg/kg. Percentages of tumor inhibition were (98.79, 90.45, 90.08 and 88.26) % for colicins (H19, H13, H9 and H5) respectively. Intraperitoneal injection caused less inhibition, (57.47, 36.25, 60.26 and 53.25) % respectively using a daily dose of (200) mg/kg for period of 24 days.
Effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on IVF outcome in Mice : Experimental model for mammals
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad, S. , Al-Saadi Alaa S.
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate and examine the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (GgE) on the fertilization rate and embryonic development in vitro using the mice as a model for mammals. Design: Prospective study. Methods: Seven hundred forty ova were collected from superovulated ( SUO) females mice .Glycyrrhiza glabra extract was prepared and used for in vitro activation of caudal epididymal sperm . In vitro fertilization was performed using both 10% GgE mixed with IVF medium for 367 ova (treated group) and IVF medium alone for 373 ova(Control group) . Fertilization rate and normal development of different early embryonic cleavages stages was recorded. Results : There was a significant ( P<0 .05) increase in the fertilization rate (FR ) of SUO mice oocytes (53.89%)by using 10% GgE Compared to IVF medium alone in SUO group(36.82%) . Addition of 10% GgE to the IVF medium, the number of 2-cell and 4-cell embryonic stages of SUO mice was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of control mice embryos cultured with IVF medium alone (60% and 60% Vs. 51% and 54%, respectively). Conclusion: The investigation showed that the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract may contain many growth factors, and energy sources that supporting the FR and normal development of early cleavage stages of mice embryos in vitro .This result can be utilized for IVF program in mammals.
Purification of some active ingredients of alcoholic extract of anise seed (Pimpinella anisum) and assessment their estrogenic effect on some physiological traits of immature female mice
Authors: Obead Anwar I. , Al-mzaein Kahtan A. , Al-jumaily Essam F.
Published: November 2021

This experiment was conducted in order to purify some active ingredients of 70% alcoholic extract of aniseed by adsorption chromatography on silica gel and gel filtration on sepharose CL-6B column, using phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 7.0) as eluent, as well as gel filtration on sephadex LH-20 where chloroform : methanol (3:1) was used as an eluent. Thin layer chromatography on silica gel was used as a criterion for the identification of purified fractions. Ultra violet transilluminator as well as vanillin-H2SO4 reagent were used to identify and develop of separated fractions, respectively. However, the fractions which purified on sephadex LH-20, showed an Rf value (0.71) which corresponded to the Rf values of anethole. To assess the estrogenic activity of purified fractions a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight of collected fractions were given to immature female mice at three weeks age and administered orally for four weeks period. Twenty immature female mice were divided randomly into five groups. First group received crude extract of aniseed, while the second, third, and fourth groups received fractions purified on silica gel, sepharose CL-6B and sephadex LH-20 columns, respectively. Group five served as control, such treatments were continued until maturity, and then the animals were sacrified for studying weight changes in ovaries and uterus. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant increment (P<0.01) in the weights of ovaries in the treated groups as compared to the control, while fractions obtained from sepharose CL-6B had no significant effect (P>0.01). Also there is a significant increment (P<0.01) in the weights of uterus in the treated group with respect to fractions obtained from sephadex LH- 20 as compared to other treated groups and control.
The effect of calcium antagonists on the growth of Entamoeba histolytica in vitro
Authors: Ahmed Zahra’a Abdul-Raheem , Ad’hiah Ali H. , Jasim Amna N.
Published: November 2021

he E. histolytica parasite was maintained in vitro using Locke-egg medium (LEM) and Liver infusion agar medium (LIAM). The effect of two calcium antagonists (Nifedipine and Ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid EDTA) on the growth and activity of the parasite in the two culture media was investigated. The calcium antagonists Nifedipine and EDTA inhibited the reproduction rate of E. histolytica in a concentration-dependent manner. For Nifedipine, a concentration of 41.6 mg/ml inhibited the reproduction rate to 99.7% in both media. The EDTA had an approximate effect (98.2 and 95.8)% at a concentration of 0.83 mg/ml in LEM and LIAM media, respectively. Additionally, some cases of a parasite encystment were observed in LEM medium that was treated with Nifedipine.
Antiproliferative effects of porins extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae on HL-60, NIH/3T3 and Human foreskin fibroblast cell (HFFC) lines measured by ELISA method
Authors: Al–Shammary Amir H. , Al-Jumaily Essam F. , Abdulmohymen Nidhal
Published: November 2021

Approximately, 50% of the dry mass of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria consists of proteins, and more than 20 immunochemically distinct proteins (termed outer membrane proteins [OMPs]) have been identified. An identified local strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was used as a primary source for the isolation and purification of porins. Multiple concentrations of purified porins (5, 10, 15, 20, 25) g/ml were incubated with three different cell lines for (24, 72 , 120) hrs, after the end of the incubation periods, the cells were treated with Cell proliferation ELISA, BrdU (colorimetric) kit to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of porins. The results revealed that porins are potent antiproliferative agent in a time and concentration dependent manner and thus could greatly affect prokaryote-eukaryote interaction as well as the whole inflammatory process resulted after infection with gram negative bacteria.
Study the biological activities of Tribulus terrestris extracts
Authors: Mohammed Abbas A. , Hussain Al-Amiery Ahmed AbdulAmier , I. Al-Mosowy Heba. H. I. Al-Mosowy , Abbas Amir H.
Published: November 2021

In this study the extracts of the Iraqi herb Tribulus terrestris (Al-Hassage or Al-Kutub) was done by using of polar and non polar solvents, then the biological activity of these extractants was studied in two field. First, the antibacterial activity invitro on gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and gram negative bacteria (E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerugiuosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia), all extracts showed considerable activity against all bacteria. Second, the effect of extracts on free serum testosterone level in male mice invivo, the alcoholic, and acetonitrilic extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in free serum testosterone level, and we found that the extracts contained compounds with less genotoxic effects in mice germ cells.