bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KETIDAK SEMBUHAN PASIEN TB DENGAN METODE DOTS DI PALU
Authors: Iskandar Andi Ishak , Amran Mukramin , Sahabuddin Lutfiah
Published: February 2021

Tuberculosis paru adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang merupakan basil tahan asam, sehingga bakteri ini dapat bertahan hidup berbulan-bulan di luar tubuh manusia. WHO dan International  Union Agains Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) telah mengembangkan strategi penanggulangan TB yang dikenal sebagai strategi Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse chemotheraphy (DOTS).  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidak sembuhan pasien TB dengan metode  DOT di Puskesmas Palu pada tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi observasional dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Pengumpukan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara langsung pada penderita tuberkulosis paru. Dari 82 sampel yang terdiri dari 41 orang kelompok pasien TB Sembuh dan 41 orang kelompok pasien TB tidak sembuh yang berobat di wilayah kerja puskesmas terpilih selama 11 November – 30 Januari 2016. Penelitian ini menunjukkan : (1) Distribusi penderita didapatkan terbanyak untuk status gizi kurang (52,4%), (2) pengetahuan yang buruk (53,7%), (3) akses ke puskesmas dengan jarak jauh (58,5%), (4) peran PMO yang buruk (47,0%), dan (5) tersedianya OAT di Puskesmas (100%). Hasil analisa chi square didapatkan hasil faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketidak sembuhan pasien TB yaitu faktor status gizi (p value 0,015) dan faktor pengetahuan (p value 0,002).  Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan daktor status gizi dan faktor pengetahuan dengan ketidak sembuhan pasien TB.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG ABORTUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LASEPANG KABUPATEN BANTAENG
Authors: Erniawati  , Asriany  , Lisdayanti  , Sumarni  , Jusni  , Kamaruddin Mudyawati
Published: February 2021

Abortus adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena merupakan penyebab kematian wanita diseluruh dunia. Abortus merupakan pengeluaran hasil konsepsi sebelum usia kehamian mencapai 20 minggu. Abortus dapat disebabkan karena pengetahuan ibu yang kurang. Penyebab Angka Kematian Ibu yang paling sering adalah pendarahan. Seperti yang telah diketahui sebelumnya bahwa perdarahan merupakan komplikasi dari terjadinya abortus. Berdasarkan data dari puskesmas Lasepang, Kabupaten Bantaeng, dari tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2019 terdapat 71 kasus abortus yaitu sebanyak 21 abortus di tahun 2017, 28 abortus (2018) dan 21 abortus (2019) di wilayah kerja puskesmas Lasepang.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu tentang abortus di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lasepang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu post abortus di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lasepang Kabupaten Bantaeng sebanyak 71 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data menunjukkan tidak ada responden yang berpengetahuan baik tentang abortus, yang berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 12,5%, dan yang berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 87,5%. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa responden kebanyakan kurang pengetahuan tentang abortus.
Checking Sets of Pure Evolving Association Rules
Authors: Combi Carlo , Rizzi Romeo , Sala Pietro
Published: February 2021

Extracting association rules from large datasets has been widely studied in many variants in the last two decades; they allow to extract relations between values that occur more “often” in a database. With temporal association rules the concept has been declined to temporal databases. In this context the “most frequent” patterns of evolution of one or more attribute values are extracted. In the temporal setting, especially where the interference betweeen temporal patterns cannot be neglected (e.g., in medical domains), there may be the case that we are looking for a set of temporal association rules for which a “significant” portion of the original database represents a consistent model for all of them. In this work, we introduce a simple and intuitive form for temporal association rules, called pure evolving association rules (PE-ARs for short), and we study the complexity of checking a set of PE-ARs over an instance of a temporal relation under approximation (i.e., a percentage of tuples that may be deleted from the original relation). As a by-product of our study we address the complexity class for a general problem on Directed Acyclic Graphs which is theoretically interesting per se.
Declarative Parameterized Verification of Distributed Protocols via the Cubicle Model Checker
Authors: Conchon Sylvain , Delzanno Giorgio , Ferrando Angelo
Published: February 2021

We show that Cubicle, an SMT-based infinite-state model checker, can be applied as a verification engine for GLog, a logic-based language based on relational updates rules that has been applied to specify topology-sensitive distributed protocols with asynchronous communication. In this setting, the absence of protocol anomalies can be reduced to a coverability problem in which the initial set of configurations is not fixed a priori (Existential Coverability Problem). Existential Coverability in GLog can naturally be expressed into Parameterized Verification judgements in Cubicle. The encoding is based on a translation of relational update rules into transition rules that modify cells of unbounded arrays. To show the effectiveness of the approach, we discuss several verification problems for distributed protocols and distributed objects, a challenging task for traditional verification tools. The experimental results show the flexibility and robustness of Cubicle for the considered class of protocol examples.
Introducing a new type of HFSs and its application in solving MAGDM problems
Authors: Keikha Abazar
Published: February 2021

Uncertainty has long been explored as an objective and inalienable reality, and then modeled via different theories such as probability theory, fuzzy sets (FSs) theory, vague sets, etc. Hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) as a generalization of FSs, because of their flexibility and capability, extended and applied in many practical problems very soon. However, the above theories cannot meet all the scientific needs of researchers. For example, in some decision-making problems we encounter predetermined definite data, which have inductive uncertainties. In other words, the numbers themselves are crisp in nature, but are associated with varying degrees of satisfaction or fairness from the perspective of each decision-maker/judge. To this end, in this article, hesitant fuzzy numbers as a generalization of hesitant fuzzy sets will be introduced. Some concepts such as the operation laws, the arithmetic operations, the score function, the variance of hesitant fuzzy numbers, and a way to compare hesitant fuzzy numbers will be proposed. Mean-based aggregation operators of hesitant fuzzy numbers, i.e. hesitant fuzzy weighted arithmetic averaging (HWAA), hesitant fuzzy weighted geometric averaging (HWGA), hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted arithmetic averaging (HOWAA), and hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric averaging (HOWGA) operators have been discussed in this paper, too. These new concepts will be used to model, and solve an uncertain multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problem. The proposed method will be illustrated by a numerical example and the validity of the obtained solution will be checked by test criteria.
Energy from Crops: Production and Management of Biomass/Energy Crops on Phosphatic Clay in Central Florida
Authors: Stricker J. A. , Prine Gordon M. , Anderson D. L. , Shibles D. B. , Riddle T. C.
Published: February 2021

While it appears that biomass/energy crops may be successfully grown on phosphatic clay soils, a processing facility is needed to convert the biomass to energy in the form of methane, ethanol or electricity. Without an appropriate facility, there is no market for the crop. This document is Circular 1084, a publication of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: February 1993. Revised: September 2003.
Organic Lawn Care
Authors: Trenholm Laurie E.
Published: February 2021

There is a renewed interest today in organic lawn care and a trend among many homeowners to consider long-term environmental concerns in their lawn maintenance programs. The term "organic" can cover many different aspects of lawn care, including fertility and pest management. There is also a certain amount of confusion and misunderstanding over the concept of organic lawn care and what it entails, and as to whether products are beneficial or fall into the “snake oil” category. This document is ENH883, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 29, 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep140
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Marital Self-regulation, Marital Burnout and Self-criticism of Infertile Women
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran., Zarastvand Atefe , Tizdast Taher ,   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran., Khalatbari Javad ,   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran., Abolghasemi Shahnam ,   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on marital self-regulation, marital burnout, and self-criticism of infertile women. Methods & Materials: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all the infertile women of Mazandaran Province, Iran, in 2018-2019. In this study, 30 infertile women were considered the sample size in the experimental group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (of 15 infertile women) and control (15 infertile women). The experimental group underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (10 sessions 60 minutes), but the control group received no training. To collect data, we used the marital self-regulation scale of Wilson and et al., the marital burnout scale of Pines, and the self-criticism scale of Thompson and Zuroff. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 24 with descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariable analysis of covariance). Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethical code IR.IAU.TON.REC.1397.030 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch. Results: The results showed that the scores of marital self-regulation of infertile women after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the experimental group significantly increased in comparison with the control group, and also marital burnout, and self-criticism scores were decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to improve marital self-regulation, marital burnout, and self-criticism of infertile women.
Konsep Ulama dalam Pandangan Mufassir Indonesia: Studi Aspek-aspek Keindonesiaan dan Metodologi Tafsir al-Azhar Karya Hamka dan Penafsirannya terhadap Term “Ulama” dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Fatih Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Hamka is one of Indonesia's most productive scholars. His work is no less than 85 titles in various fields of science. One of them is Tafsir Al-Qur'an 30 juz named Tafsir al-Azhar. His role as an ulama was evidenced, among others, by his organizational position as Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in 1975-1981, and the honorary Doctorate Award from the Al-Azhar University, Cairo, and Kebangsaan University, Malaysia. His work as a national figure is also evident in a series of activities he does. His expertise and expertise in the field of literature certainly gives its own influence and color in the works he wrote, not least in his Tafsir book. Hamka's capacity as an ulema of the archipelago, Muhammadiyah's missionary figure, chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council, his love for the country and the struggle he undertook certainly gave a special color in interpreting the Qur'an, including his views on the concept of Ulama. In Al-Azhar's Tafsir, Indonesian nuances and specific phenomena of the Archipelago are evident, which represent the breadth of knowledge and rich experience, love and pride towards the Indonesian people, and their firmness in interpreting the concept of Ulama
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Pembelajaran Pecahan Sederhana melalui Media Kartu Pecahan pada Siswa Kelas VI SDN Temon Kecamatan Trowulan Kabupaten Mojokerto Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Khotib Nur
Published: February 2021

In general, students think that Mathematics is the most difficult subject than other subjects, most students are less interested in mathematics because mathematics is a science related to something abstract, so they are less motivated to learn mathematics. For this reason, it is necessary to have an activity that is concrete, interesting and fun in improving student learning outcomes in learning simple fractions through fraction card media for Grade VI students of SDN Temon, Trowulan District, Mojokerto Regency, 2018/2019 Academic Year. Fraction card media is a learning media that researchers created based on the concept of fractions using fraction cards made of bright colored paper and there are fraction numbers in the form of decimals on the left side and fraction forms that are equivalent to decimal fractions on the right side. The number of fraction cards that the researcher made were 36 cards. This research was conducted in the first semester of the 2018/2019 academic year with classroom action research techniques which were carried out in 2 cycles. Based on the data analysis carried out, it was concluded that in cycle I the percentage of student learning outcomes reached 69% and based on the conversion of the minimum completeness criteria set by SDN Temon, Trowulan District, Mojokerto Regency, the percentage of student learning completeness was in the sufficient category, so it is necessary for researchers to continue research in cycle II. In cycle II the percentage of student learning outcomes showed a significant increase, reaching 91%, so it can be concluded that fraction card media can improve student learning outcomes on simple fraction material.
A Comprehensive Clinical Decision Support Application Software for dose Optimisation Procedure in CT
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Mensa Y. B. , Schandorf Cyril , Mensah S. Y.
Published: February 2021

CT images are the most common imaging modality after conventional X-ray imaging. There are used in order to determine organ position, location and size in relation to treatment area for treatment planning and for diagnoses of diseases. The general aims of the study is to design a comprehensive clinical decision support application software for patients' dose optimization. The design of the GUI involve the use of mathematical modeling procedure where the modeled equations reduces the data from empirical measurements to real clinical application process for implementation. The final component of the modeling process is the GUI applications. This was done in two different process and procedures. The first was the coding process where a software was developed with written C++ code and integrated on the data capturing application platform for clinical application. The second was the visual indicators where the shape and size were modeled to represent the variation in age and gender that exist between the various model equations. The GUI are then used by radiographers to predict and plan the choice of input parameters for effective managements of doses to patient undergoing abdominal CT examination. Finally, a GUI and CAD models were designed to adequately reflect the comfortable working process of all the mathematical model equations. Reference effective abdominal and renal dose parameters have been established and developed in a data base for clinical application. In addition, the displayed interface on the DICOM interface enable the prediction of CTDI and DLP parameters with known kVp and mAs parameters before imaging.
Determination of the Relationship between Renal Volume Model and Related Body Indices for Clinical Application in Ghana
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Mensah Y. B. , Schandorf Cyril , Mensah S. Y.
Published: February 2021

The study was done to establish the relationship between measured renal volume and body parameters to estimate standard reference value of renal volume related body parameters (RV-BMI, RV-BSI and RV-BSA) in Ghana for clinical application. The estimates were done based on age and gender variation and compare the established standard reference renal volume with its related body parameters. The weight and BMI measuring machine together with tape measure and glass beaker were the measuring tools used. The procedure involve measurement of body height and weight and using the estimated values to calculate BMI with the BMI calculator. It also involve using DuBois formula to estimate local standard reference values of BSI and BSA in Ghana. The reference standard renal volume was determined using water displacement with the Archimedes' principle to confirm the established values in Ghana. These value were compare with established standard reference renal volume model in Ghana which were estimated using abdominal images on MeVisLab application software platform and determined the relationship between these parameters. The determined Ghanaian standard reference renal volume were: 146.74cm3, 151.76cm3, 142.04cm3 and 148.29cm3 for male and female, with its corresponding right and left kidneys respectively. The estimated mean BMI, BSI and BSA were; 25.19kg/m2 39.81 kg/m2 and 2.02m2 for male and 21.91kg/m2 36.58kg/m2 and 1.69m2 for female respectively. Hence from these set of values, the relationship between renal volume and its related BMI was determined to be 6.04cm3-kg/m2 for male and 6.47cm3-kg/m2 for female. While the male RV related-BSA was also determine to be 74.05cm3-m2 and 84.09cm3-m2 for female. Finally, the renal volume related-BSI was also estimated to be 3.81cm3-kg/m2 for male and 3.88cm3-kg/m2 for female. The standard reference renal volume related BMI, BSI and BSA are recommended to be used for renal assessment for clinical application in Ghana.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedure as a Cancer Diagnosis Application Tool
Authors: Shirazu I. , Mensah Y. B , Sackey T. A , Boadu M. , Eduful E K , Sosu E. , Hasford F. , Dery T B. , Pokoo-Aikins M.
Published: February 2021

Physical imaging technique described as Diffusion Weighted-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) is based on classically principle of Brownian motion, where the molecules are thermal agitated and is highly influenced by the cellular availability of water. The aim of this study is to discuss the use of DW-MRI as a cancer diagnostic application tool using the basic physics principles as versus other available procedures and modalities in terms of accuracy and acceptability. Based on extravascular diffusion measurements where the measured signal is related to tissue cellularity, tissue organization and extracellular space tortuosity and on the intactness of cellular membranes that are intrinsically hydrophobic. The methodology involve the application of DW-MRI procedure, to qualitatively and quantitatively access DW-MR images to diagnose brain tumors, prostate and other organ cancers compared to other imaging modalities including other MRI procedures. It also include safety assessment and other consideration before, during and after imaging with MRI as compare to other radiological modalities. The results of the data of ten (10) MRI centers and 112 DW-MRI images and 99 other procedure and modalities were analysed, 34% were prostate cases, 27% were brain cases and 39% formed all other cases. In addition, DW-MRI compare to other single imaging procedure formed 53% of all diagnostic procedure that had 87% accurate predictability of prostate and brain cases. It can therefore concluded that DW-MRI is the best single imaging procedure that can be used to diagnose prostate cancers and brain tumors. It has a major advantage of non-ionizing radiation technique, with multiple planes image acquisitions, together with superior soft tissue contrast. In addition its perfusion allow for precise tissue characterization rather than merely 'macroscopic' imaging and superior visualization of both active parts of the brain during certain activities and understanding of the underlying networks. However, there are two outstanding challenges of DW-MRI scans in Ghana: it is expensive as compared to other modalities and not safe for patients with some metal implants. Despite these challenges, its advantages override its disadvantages and therefore it is recommended to clinicians as the first diagnostic tool to use in prostate cancer and brain tumor diagnoses.
Dose assessment to the Bladder during Intracavitary Brachytherapy of the Cervix using Gafchromic films
Authors: Avevor J. , Tagoe S. N. A. , Amuasi J. H. , Fletcher J. J. , Shirazu I.
Published: February 2021

Intracavitary brachytherapy procedures are used for cervical cancer treatment, by the insertion of radioactive implants directly into the diseased tissues. During the treatment process, the bladder together with surrounding tissues are exposed to radiations. Clinical complications do results from high doses received by parts of the bladder during intracavitary brachytherapy of the cervix. The aim of this study is to assess the dose delivered to the bladder using Gafchromic films and compare it with the optimized dose calculated by the Brachy Prowess 4.60 Treatment Planning System (TPS) reports for empirical validation and system verification. Fletcher suite applicators were used to perform thirty (30) different clinical insertions on the constructed cervix phantom and results evaluated. The mean difference between the doses calculated by the TPS and the doses measured by the Gafchromic film for the bladder at the distance of 0.5cm from the edge of the film was 16.3 % (range -35.33 to +39.37). At a distance of 1.5cm for the bladder, the mean difference was 19.4% (range -49.48 to +30.39). The TPS calculated maximum dose was typically higher than the measured maximum dose. However, in some cases, the measured doses were found to be higher than the doses calculated by the TPS. This is due to positional inaccuracies of the sources during treatment planning. It is recommended that in vivo dosimetry be performed in addition to computation.
Dose Assessment of the Rectum during Brachytherapy of the Cervix Using Gafchromic Films
Authors: Avevor J. , Tagoe S. N. A , Amuasi J. H. , Fletcher J. J. , Shirazu I.
Published: February 2021

Internal radiation therapy, refers to as brachytherapy, involve putting a source of radiation with high photon in or near a cancerous tissues. The type of brachytherapy used most often to treat cervical cancer is known as intracavitary brachytherapy. Unfortunately however, the radiation source placed in the cervix irradiate the normal tissues of rectum and other nearby organs during intracavitary brachytherapy of the cervix treatment. This high doses received by parts of the rectum is a concern for clinicians and the general public. The aim of this study is to assess the dose delivered to the rectum using Gafchromic films and compare it with the optimized dose calculated by the Brachy Prowess 4.60 Treatment Planning System (TPS) reports for empirical validation and system verification. Fletcher suite applicators were used to perform thirty (30) different clinical insertions on the constructed cervix phantom and results evaluated. The mean difference between the doses calculated by the TPS and the doses measured by the Gafchromic film for the rectum at the distance of 0.5cm from the edges of the film was 23.1% (range -42.42 to +40.41). At a distance of 1.5cm for the rectum the mean was 22.5% (range -49.45 to +46.48). The TPS calculated maximum dose was typically higher than the measured maximum dose. However, in some cases, the measured doses were found to be higher than the doses calculated by the TPS. This is due to positional inaccuracies of the sources during treatment planning. It is recommended that in vivo dosimetry should be performed in addition to computation.
Using Age and Weight Specific CT Protocol to Estimate Reference Effective Dose to Patients Undergoing CT Examination
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Mensah Y. B. , Schandorf Cyril , Mensah S. Y.
Published: February 2021

In x-ray computed tomography (CT), the most common parameters used to estimate and minimize patient dose is the CT dose index (CTDI) and DLP. The aim of the study is to serve as a reference values during QC for the purposes of QA in other to reduce doses to patients undergoing CT scan using the age and weight specific CT protocol set out by various manufacturers and other international organizations. This was done by recording CTDI and DLP values to patients within a specific age and weight bracket during scanning on the scanning console and on image data. The effective dose values represents an averaged dose to patients, hence the measurements are only an approximation of the dose to patient, these doses may be overestimated or underestimated by a factor of two or more with CTDI and DLP values in comparison with point dose values. CTDI and DLP were used to evaluate CT scanner output and estimating patient regional effective dose in this study. The estimated head CTDI scans base on the various protocol from all the hospitals increase from approximately 2.8mGy in newborns to approximately 8.7mGy in adults. Resulting with a variation of effective dose from 0.67mSv in new born to approximately 1.03mSv in oversize adults. Neonates head CT effective doses are higher than those for the normal adults except oversize adults as shown in Table 4.4. The chest, abdominal and pelvis CTDI values increases from 2.8, 2.5 and 2.7 mGy in neonates of approximately 3.4kg of weight to 19.84, 7.78 and 11.33mGy in adults of approximately 72.5kg of weight respectively. The estimated effective doses for neonates undergoing chest, abdomen and pelvis of the body CT were 0.83, 6.7, 4.87 and 5.52mSv, whereas those for normal-sized adults are 13.31, 4.61 and 5.34mSv respectively. Chest oversize patientsâ€™ examinations exceeded the recommended dose levels of 19.84mSv whiles the head, abdomen and pelvis were: 1.03, 7.16 and 5.98mSv respectively. It was concluded that patient body doses could be substantially minimized through careful selection of scanning parameters based on clinical indications of study, patient age, body size, and body region being examined. Additional dose reduction to superficial body regions would require the use of shielding materials.
Optimization of Dose Parameters to Patients Undergoing CT Scan Using Four Different CT Scanners with International Guidelines
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Mensah Y. B , Schandorf Cyril , Mensah S. Y. , Owusu Alfred
Published: February 2021

Although the use of CT in medical diagnosis delivers radiation doses to patients that are higher than those from other radiological procedures, lack of proper optimized protocols could be an additional source of increased dose in developing countries. The aims of this study is to determine the variations of doses to patients undergoing CT scan using four different CT scanners with different CT scanning protocols for the purposes of optimizations and to compare with other available international standard and guidelines. The method involve the use of patients scanning protocol and image data to estimate patient body regional doses with four common CT examinations. These were obtained from four CT units/hospitals in Ghana. A large variation of mean body regional doses among different CT scanners were observed for similar CT examinations. These variations largely originated from different CT scanning protocols used, with different CT scanner type. The measured CTDIVOL with GE Lightspeed VCT 64 scanner for head, hest, abdomen and pelvis were 7.7mGy, 12.5 mGy, 14.4 mGy, and 12.9 mGy, respectively. Similarly, Philip 16 scanner recorded 6.6mGy, 13.1mGy, 14.8mGy, and 14.5mGy respectively. Furthermore, Siemen Emotion 16 scanner recorded 5.9mGy, 14.2mGy, 16.8mGy and 12.0mGy respectively. While, Toshiba Aquilion one scanner had CTDIVOL value which varies as 7.2mGy, 13.4mGy, 15.2mGy and 13.5mGy respectively. In conclusion the values were mostly lower than the values of CTDI and DLP as reported in literature for EC, IAEA, ICRP, ACR and AAPM Guidelines.
The Effect of Administered Activity on Patient Radiation dose and Image Quality in SPECT at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shirazu Issahaku , Sackey Theophilus , Eduful Ernest Kojo
Published: February 2021

The study discussed two parameters these include; administered activity (patients dose) and image quality. The aim is to determine the relationship between administered activity with resultant patient radiation dose and the quality of images produced. This will help make appropriate recommendation to the technologist and the nuclear medicine physician to produce images that would answer clinical question and at the same time maintain a balance with patient's radiation dose and its prognostic consequences. The study include both quadrant bar phantom study and patient image study in the form of static and dynamic studies. To determine image quality both the quadrant bar phantom and the patients images were assess by using SNR. The quadrant bar phantom was imaged by placing it on flood field uniform phantom which contained the radionuclide. The flood field uniformity phantom was filled with water and then an injected activity, which varied between 5 to 45 mCi of Tc-99 m were added and mixed thoroughly by several shaking for about 5 minutes. Images of the quadrant bar phantom together with real patientsâ€™ images with varied injected activities were analyzed. The study shows that as the administered activity increases from 5 to 45mCi the image quality increases significantly, which is based on the increase in SNR. Where the image quality increases from 17.06 to 22.29 in LEAP collimator and 13.56 to 21.51 in LEHR collimator using patientsâ€™ static images. In addition, the image quality also increases from 18.26 to 20.44 in LEAP and 13.51 to 21.47 in LEHR collimator using quadrant bar phantom studies. Furthermore, in the of dynamic patients images, the SNR had minimal variation from 5.40 to 29.86 in LEAP and 7.11 to 21.99 in LEHR. Furthermore the reduction in administered activity increases the acquisition time from 7 to 20mins for LEAP collimator and 8 to 22 mins for LEHR collimator. In addition, with the phantom study, the acquisition time increases from 12 to 19 mins for LEAP and 13 to 15 mins for LEHR collimator. Dynamic studies varies slightly in acquisition time just approximately a min increase with increase in administered activity.
Aparición de asimetrías de miembros inferiores en deportistas de fútbol sala básico
Authors: Dias Junior Julio Cesar , Silva Fransérgio da , Tancler Murilo Colino
Published: February 2021

El fútbol sala es un deporte en aumento en todo el mundo, atrayendo a más y más nuevos practicantes y también en el fútbol de campo, ha sufrido cambios en los últimos años, atletas cada vez más exigentes, convirtiéndose en un deporte de alto impacto, promoviendo la sobrecarga, a corto, medio y largo plazo, predisponiendo a lesiones a diferentes grados del aparato locomotor. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las asimetrías de las extremidades inferiores en atletas basados en el fútbol sala, así como su relación con la incidencia de lesiones. El estudio fue desarrollado con 47 atletas de la categoría básica, fútbol sala, de una ciudad en el interior del estado de São Paulo, donde se realizaron pruebas funcionales con la ayuda de la aplicación PHAST. Se identificó un patrón de similitud entre los grupos musculares analizados, excepto el glúteo muscular, presentando una diferencia significativa. Según los indicadores encontrados, los patrones de déficit de fuerza de los glúteos medios pueden desencadenar, o predisponer, algunos tipos de lesiones biomecánicas ya sea proximal, en la región de la cadera, o distal, como disfunciones en la articulación de la rodilla. Cuando un atleta presenta una debilidad de este músculo, aducción de fémur ipsilateral, aumento de la rotación medial y caída de la pelvis contra lateral, promoviendo un mayor ángulo dinámico de la rodilla, aumentando la sobrecarga en esta articulación. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la evaluación previa a la temporada es importante para identificar posibles asimetrías, implementando trabajos preventivos para corregirlas, con el fin de minimizar los riesgos de lesiones.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE AS A MEANS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Voronina Victoriia , Ziukova Mariia ,   National University "Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic", Artemenko Anhelina ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy
Published: February 2021

Innovation plays a decisive role in the long-term perspective of an enter-prise. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need for knowledge and understanding of the theoretical foundations and patterns of formation, structure, sources of increase, assessment methods and directions for the effective use of innovative potential. This knowledge will make it possible to evaluate and develop new areas of innovative activity of the enterprise. Also form an effective strategy for the innovative development of the enterprise. This is a prerequisite for its competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to determine the components of the innovative potential of an enterprise and analyze approaches to assessing the innovative potential of an enterprise in order to effectively manage its development. Innovation potential is the main category that reflects the state of the innovation component in the development of any enterprise. The author's approach to defining the components of the innovative potential of an enterprise is presented. The review of the factors influencing the formation and development of innovative potential is carried out. Assessment of innovative potential is a complex task that requires an integrated approach. The purpose of assessing the innovative potential is to obtain complete and objective information about the state of internal subsystems, which is necessary for the successful innovative development of all enterprise subsystems. A review of modern methods for assessing the innovative potential of an enterprise is carried out. There is no consensus on the issues of assessing and predicting the level of innovation potential and the effectiveness of innovation activities of enterprises. When considering the techniques, the general disadvantages inherent in most theories were highlighted. The conclusion is made: when assessing the innovative potential, it is necessary to take into account the innovative capabilities and the current level of innovative activity of the enterprise. The information processing process is the final stage of the analytical work to assess the innovative potential. Information processing techniques and techniques are important elements in conducting an assessment.
INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF UKRAINE
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Horiashchenko Yuliia
Published: February 2021

The article considers the problems and conditions of promotion of innovations in the innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the conditions of European integration. Research objectives are the analysis of the current state of innovative development of Ukrainian industrial enterprises and the identification of specific innovation strategies with relevant examples in domestic and foreign markets. Alternatives of innovation strategies for enterprises with relevant examples of specific enterprises and the use of marketing tools are described. The main research methods are used: general scientific – analysis of state and regional statistics, market surveys and forecasts, generalizations, analogy, data synthesis, hypothetical method and special – media monitoring, benchmarking. To solve the problems of promoting innovative products in Ukraine, a special algorithm is substantiated and proposed, which includes monitoring public spending on research and development, establishing feedback from the public sector research to industry, solving intellectual property problems and tax incentives, solving acute research problems. personnel through the creation of regional and state university associations, identification of priority areas such as support for eco-innovation, promotion of clean technologies, creation of centers of competence in industrial structures, integration of industrial entrepreneurship into the European Research Area. It was summarized that for the formation of the innovative policy of industrial enterprises, it is recommended to use a marketing approach, which provides for the preliminary formation and design of a new product based on the results of modern marketing research in order to promote innovative products to regional and foreign markets. It was emphasized that the promotion of innovative products is one of the most important areas of activity of industrial enterprises and a very important indicator of the state of the country’s economy as a whole.
THE USE OF INNOVATIVE BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY OF THE AIRLINES
Authors:   National Aviation University, Komandrovska Veronika
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of blockchain technologies for increasing the commercial activity of the airlines. The use of innovative digital technologies is one of the main means and conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of a modern enterprise. The possibilities of use, analyzes the benefits of using blockchain technologies to optimize the processes of mutual settlements, air transportation, increase the effectiveness of marketing impact on air passengers through the use of complete reliable personal information are researched. The study identified many obstacles to the active development of blockchain technology, in particular in aviation: the need for existing infrastructure, which involves many counterparties who may not be interested in disclosing their information and sharing it; lack of significant experience in the development and use of innovative digital technologies; lack of ready-made technological solutions for airlines; lack of specialists in the field of blockchain solution development and high development cost; the difficulty of determining the exact effectiveness of blockchain technologies. It was found that in the aviation industry, the quality and competitiveness of the transport product depends on many partner companies, information flows, management decisions, which prevents the rapid and uninterrupted exchange of information in a complex system of participants and management efficiency. Blockchain technology can help solve this problem through decentralization, transparency, high security and speed. The trends identified in the research process require the management of air transport companies to develop and implement modern innovative blockchain technologies that will not only adapt to current market conditions, but also use these developments to create competitive advantages. In this way, airlines will be able to anticipate problems and disruptions that may threaten their business models and develop a program of measures to prevent them.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS MARKET IN UKRAINE FOR 2016–2020
Authors:   Izmail State Human University, Ivanenko Iryna
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases of formulation of essence of definition “market of marketing communications”, the analysis of definitions available in literary sources is carried out and that which in the opinion of the author is the most complete and adequate modern market conditions is chosen. The general and specific factors of influence on the market of marketing communications are defined. Due to the lack of information on the results of the marketing communications market in official sources, economic diagnostics was conducted on the basis of data from the All-Ukrainian Advertising Coalition. The development of the marketing communications market for 2016–2020 is analyzed in terms of its separate segments: the advertising media market, the marketing communications service and digital advertising. It is established that as a result of declining incomes and purchasing power of the population and due to the introduction of quarantine restrictions, the market of marketing communications showed a negative growth trend for 2019–2020 by consumers and its transformation into a commercial platform. It is determined that the impact of quarantine restrictions had a negative impact on the dynamics of the market of marketing communications in Ukraine. The impact of COVID-19 has had a particular impact on cinema advertising: this segment has shrunk by more than half in 2020. Based on the analysis of statistical information, the main trends in the development of the marketing communications market are identified, as well as a forecast for this market segment for 2021. The progressive development of the marketing communications market in 2021 will depend on changes in the level of income and the epidemiological situation in the country. Most reputable experts and organizations have optimistic forecasts for the development of the marketing communications market. Active processes of development of the market of marketing communications cause constant revision and improvement of a methodology of an estimation of the given market segment by experts.
INTERNAL AUDIT AS A MEANS OF COUNTERACTION FRAUD IN BANKS
Authors:   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Volkova Alona , Danik Natalia ,   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University, Kolevatova Alona ,   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University
Published: February 2021

The article provides a thorough analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of banking fraud. Banking is one of the important elements of the system of social and economic relations in the country. The study of the existing system of banking operations revealed opportunities for financial fraud and the lack of measures to prevent them. Since the main structural elements of the banking system are banks, it is necessary to be very meticulous about the efficiency of their activities and to exercise both external and internal control over the performance of their inherent functions. This category is manifested in banking supervision carried out by the regulator – the National Bank of Ukraine. But internal control over the illegal actions of bank employees and insiders is no less effective means of detecting violations and preventing internal bank risks. Such control can be carried out by means of internal audit of the bank’s activity, by means of special procedures and methods of detection of elements of financial fraud. Bank fraud is a topic that is often ignored and the perpetrators are not punished at all, and, of course, information about such cases is not made public, because in the first place - it will affect the reputation of the bank. The main attention is paid to the analysis of possible schemes of banking fraud and their impact on the activities of a commercial bank, the material well-being of customers and the national economy in general. The problems of concealing the facts of participation in the internal fraud of bank employees in order to prevent deterioration or damage to the reputation of such a structure are emphasized. It is proposed to involve internal audit mechanisms to detect and prevent such criminal acts, using the provided proposals. However, researchers and researchers are still trying to investigate banking fraud and the possibility of preventing it through internal audit. Thus, after studying the regulations, periodicals and scientific publications on this topic, we can say that internal audit in modern conditions of banking development is thus an effective means of combating banking fraud, as external audit cannot guarantee users of financial statements of the bank or clients of the reliability of the internal control system, which is manifested in the fact that only internal audit, so to speak, within the bank, can detect certain crimes.
STOCK EXCHANGE TRADING AND STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Kepko Valentyna , Novikova Victoria ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Nepochatenko Andrii ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

Stock exchange activity is a leading link in the market economy and it is a complex mechanism that responds sensitively to all socio, economic and political processes taking place in the country. It is an indicator of pricing in society. The level of business activity on the stock exchange indicates both the economic stability of the country and the presence of financial and economic crisis in the world. As of tooday, stock exchanges in Ukraine have not taken their rightful place as required by the new economic conditions, which necessitates rethinking of their essence and purpose, developing scientifically grounded proposals for the formation of an effective exchange mechanism, favorable organizational and legal conditions for their operation. The main purpose of the stock exchange activity in Ukraine is to increase the competitiveness of the financial market of Ukraine and create favorable conditions for engaging not only foreign but also domestic capital into the country's economy. Therefore, there is currently a problem of in-depth study of the issues of the stock exchange trading and the definition of strategic aspects of the development of stock exchange activities in Ukraine. The article examines stock exchange trading in Ukraine as one of the strategic cost-effective forms of financial and entrepreneurial activity. It is stated that as of today stock exchanges in Ukraine have not taken their rightful place as required by new economic conditions, which necessitates rethinking their essence and purpose, developing scientifically sound proposals for the formation of an effective exchange mechanism, favorable organizational and legal conditions for their operation. It has been established that the current stage of stock exchange trading is characterized by certain transformational processes. It has been found out that the stock exchange trading system of Ukraine is still quite integrated into the world financial and economic space which is reflected in the quotation of domestic securities. The indicators of securities volume sales as one of the directions of activities in the sphere of stock exchange trading have been analyzed. The key problems in the field of stock exchange trading activity have been outlined and the strategic directions of its development in Ukraine have been determined.