bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zum Mechanismus der Komplexbildungsreaktionen des V(III)‐Ions
Authors: Patel R. C. , Diebler H.
Published: November 2023

In stark saurer Lösung, [H+] = 0,1 −0,5 M, wurde mittels der Strömungsrohr‐Methode die Kinetik der Komplexbildung des Vanadin(III) mit Oxalat untersucht. Unter diesen Bedingungen erfolgt die Bildung des Mono‐oxalato‐Komplexes praktisch allein über den Reaktionsweg V3 + HC2O4−, mit einer Geschwindigkeitskonstante k = 1,3 ± 103 M−1 sec−1 (25°, μ = 0,5 M). Die Geschwindigkeit der Reaktion des V(III) mit dem Anion C1− ist viel kleiner; infolge der sehr geringen thermodynamischen Stabilität dieses Komplexes läßt sich nur ein oberer Grenzwert abschätzen: k ± 3M−1 sec−1 (25°, = 5 M). Alle bislang vorliegenden Daten zur Komplexbildungskinetik des V3+ deuten darauf hin, daß der Substitutionsmechanismus ein erhebliches Ausmaß an SN2‐charakter aufweist.
Magnetische Resonanz an Koordinationsverbindungen
Authors: Keller H. J.
Published: November 2023

Die Anwendungsbereiche der magnetischen Resonanzmethoden EPR und KMR an gelösten bzw. kristallisierten Koordinationsverbindungen werden verglichen. Bei der Bearbeitung magnetischer bzw. paramagnetisch dotierter Festkörper scheint die EPR‐Methode, bei der Untersuchung gelöster, auch paramagnetischer Substanzen dagegen die KMR die umfassenderen Informationen zu liefern.
Photochemie und Lumineszenzverhalten des Trisäthylendiaminchrom(III)‐Komplexions in saurer Lösung
Authors: Geis W. , Wasgestian H. F. , Kelm H.
Published: November 2023

Die relative Phosphoreszenzquantenausbeute sowie die Lebensdauer der Phosphoreszenz des [Cr en3]3 + ‐Ions in saurer Lösung wurden als Funktion der Temperatur im Bereich von ca. +20° bis −120° (bzw. −190°) C bestimmt, wobei sich Aktivierungsenergien von 12,7 bzw. 10,8 kcal/mol ergaben. Daneben wurde aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Quantenausbeute der Photoaquotisierungsreaktion des Komplexions eine Aktivierungsenergie von 3,7 kcal/mol ermittelt. Anhand dieser Daten werden die Desaktivierung des 2E‐Zustands und die Frage des photoaktiven Zustands diskutiert.
Spezifische Wärmen und thermische Fehlordnung von Kupferchalkogeniden Teil I: Cu2Se und Cu2Te bei angenähert stöchiometrischer Zusammensetzung
Authors: Kubaschewski P. , Nölting J.
Published: November 2023

Die spezifischen Wärmen und Phasenumwandlungsenthalpien von Cu2Se und Cu2Te wurden mit einem adiabatischen Kalorimeter ab etwa ‐ 80°C bzw. ab Raumtemperatur gemessen. In den Tieftemperaturphasen dieser Verbindungen hängen die spezifischen Wärmen zunächst linear von der Temperatur ab, während sie bei höherer Temperatur exponentiell anwachsen. Führt man diese Abweichungen vom geradlinigen Verlauf ausschließlich auf Frenkel‐Fehlordnung im Kationenteilgitter zurück, lassen sich Fehlordnungsgrad und Fehlordnungsenthalpie bestimmen. Cu2Te zeigt in der oberhalb 360°C stabilen Modifikation einen ausgeprägt negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten der spezifischen Wärmen, was auf strukturelle Fehlordnung analog zu den kubischen Hochtemperaturphasen dieser Verbindungsklasse hinweist. Da die im Abkühlexperiment gemessenen spezifischen Wärmen gut mit den beim Aufheizen ermittelten übereinstimmen. ist die Reversibilität aller gefundenen Effekte gesichert.

Ferner wurde beim Cu2Te eine in der Literatur noch nicht bekannte Phasenumwandlung bei 160°C gefunden.
Lebensdauer der Triplett‐Zustände von partiell deuterierten trans‐Stilbenen und strukturverwandten Verbindungen
Authors: Heinrich G. , Güsten H. , Mark F. , Olbrich G. , Schulte‐Frohlinde D.
Published: November 2023

Die Triplettlebensdauer von Phenanthren, Phenanthren‐9‐D1, Phenanthren‐D10, 2‐Phenylinden, 5 : 10‐Dihydroindeno‐(2: 1‐a)‐inden. trans‐Stilben, trans‐Perdeuterostilben und acht partiell deuterierten trans‐Stilbenen (α‐D‐Stilben, αα'‐D2‐Stilben, 2,2′‐D2‐Stilben, 3,3′‐D2‐Stilben, 4,4′‐D2‐Stilben, 2,3,4,5,6‐D5‐Stilben, α,2,3,4,5,6‐D6‐Stilben und 2,2′3,3′4,4′5,5′6,6′‐D10‐Stilben) wurden mittels Blitzphotolyse in EPA bei 77°K gemessen. Die Triplettlebensdauer ist abhängig von der Zahl und der Position der Deuteriumatome im Molekül. Innerhalb der Phenylringe haben die verschiedenen Positionen beim Stilben einen nur geringen Effekt auf die Triplettlebensdauer. Deuterierung der olefinischen Wasserstoffatome bewirkt dagegen eine beachtliche Verlängerung der Triplettlebensdauer. Ein olefinisches Wasserstoffatom in trans‐Stilben übt einen 16mal größeren Effekt auf die strahlungslose Desaktivierung aus als ein Wasserstoffatom im Phenylring. Der Effekt der Deuterium‐ bzw. Wasserstoff‐Substitution ist additiv. CNDO‐Berechnungen stützen die Annahme, daß im trans‐Stilben der Deuteriumeffekt am größten ist, wenn die höchste π‐Elektronenamplitude mit einer großen lokalen CH out of plane Schwingungsamplitude der olefinischen C = C‐Bindung zusammenfällt. Die Ergebnisse werden durch Vergleich mit den Abklingzeiten einiger dem Stilben struktur‐verwandter Verbindungen, wie Phenanthren, Phenanthren‐9‐D1, Phenanthren‐D10, 2‐Phenylinden 1 und 5 : 10‐Dihydroindeno‐(2:1‐a)‐ inden 2 erhärtet.
Differential Thermal Analysis under High Pressures II: Investigation of the Rotational Transition of Several n‐Alkanes
Authors: Würflinger A. , Schneider G. M.
Published: November 2023

A DTA apparatus is applied to the calorimetric investigation of the phase behaviour (especially the rotational transition) of 13 n‐alkanes containing 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, and 31 carbon atoms as well as the binary system nonadecane/heneicosane up to 3000 bar. The pressure transmitting gas has to be prevented from being dissolved in the substances, otherwise the phase behaviour will be completely changed.

The calorimetric measurements allow a rough calculation of the latent heats and the volume changes involved with the phase transition. From these data the conclusion may be drawn that the specific volume of the n‐alkanes just below the rotational transition temperature as well as the volume change according to the rotational transition are obviously independent of pressure and chain length apart from a certain odd‐even‐effect.
Die Reaktion von Methylamin mit Wasserstoffatomen
Authors: Blumenberg B. , Wagner H. Gg.
Published: November 2023

Die Reaktion von Methylamin mit Wasserstoffatomen wurde im isothermen Strömungssystem in einem Temperaturbereich von 473 ‐ 683 K untersucht.

Die Messungen mit der Kombination ESR‐/Massenspektrometer bzw. Massenspektrometer mit Molekularstrahleinlaß ergaben übereinstimmend für die Geschwindigkeitskonstante des Elementarschrittes

magnified image

k1 = (1,8 ± 0,3)1013 exp [(‐5300 ± 300) cal mol−1/RT] [cm3/mol sec]. Als stabile Endprodukte wurden H2, NH3, CH4 und C2H6 gefunden. Als Zwischenprodukte treten CH3‐ und NH2‐Radikale auf.
Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide and Steam in the Supercritical Region
Authors: Leneindre B. , Tufeu R. , Bury P. , Sengers J. V.
Published: November 2023

The thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide and steam has been measured as a function of temperature and density using a concentric cylinder method. Earlier measurements of the thermal conductivity of CO2, obtained with a parallel plate method, covered a range of temperatures from 25 °C to 75 °C and revealed the existence of an anomalous thermal conductivity in the critical region. In this paper the experimental temperature range for the thermal conductivity of CO2 is extended to 700°C. The high temperature data enable us to determine a “background” thermal conductivity needed for a quantitative analysis of the anomalous thermal conductivity in the critical region. In addition, we provide experimental evidence that the thermal conductivity of steam exhibits an anomalous increase in the critical region similar to the behavior observed for the thermal conductivity of CO2.
Proton Magnetic Resonance in Nematic Liquid Crystals — p‐Ethoxybenzal p‐Aminoazobenzene, Acetoxybenzal p‐Phenetidine, and p‐n‐Butoxybenzal p‐Phenetidine
Authors: Avadhanlu M. N. , Sarma J. S. M. , Murty C. R. K.
Published: November 2023

Wide line proton resonance spectra of three nematic liquid crystals — p‐Ethoxybenzal p‐Aminoazobenzene, Acetoxybenzal p‐Phenetidine, and p‐n‐Butoxybenzal p‐Phenetidine — were recorded. From the proton line separations and second moment analysis of the spectra, the degree of order “S” had been evaluated and compared. These results confirm that the acetoxy group protons (‐ OCOCH3) are hindered about the O ‐ C bond in the case of acetoxybenzal compounds.
Classical Time Correlation Function Theory of Proton Transfer Reactions
Authors: Rosenstein Robert A.
Published: November 2023

Using a correlation function description, we evaluate the rate constant for protonic reactions within the framework of established transition state and diffusion models. We emphasize the dual importance of weak proton‐reservoir coupling and asymptotic time scales for the kinetic isotope effect, the inclusion of internal friction in the rate constant, and specifying the calculated Arrhenius parameters in thermodynamic language. Finally, we link the coupling mechanisms and asymptotic time scales to the interrelated question of the validity of the macroscopic transport law and correlation function description of the rate constant.
Magnetic Relaxation by Quadrupole Interaction of Ionic Nuclei in Electrolyte Solutions Part I: Limiting Values for Infinite Dilution
Authors: Hertz H. G.
Published: November 2023

Formulae for the relaxation rate of nuclei residing in the centre of spherical ions are derived. The electrical field gradient with which the nuclear quadrupole moment interacts may be caused by the electrostatic point dipoles in the solvent molecules. In the present paper only the solvent water is considered, but the theory may be applied to other solvents as well. The theory treats delocalized and localized water‐water cross‐correlation effects. The latter ones regard the partial quenching of the quadrupole interaction due to more or less distorted cubic symmetry around the ion. Formulae for the relaxation rate when electronic field gradients occur are also derived. A comparison between experimental and theoretical results is given.
Associative Ionization Reactions of Electronically Excited Particles
Authors: Muschlitz E. E.
Published: November 2023

The present state of knowledge of the mechanism of associative ionization reactions in gases will be reviewed. Recent experiments employing molecular beam techniques for the study of these processes will be discussed; in particular, the associative and rearrangement ionization collisions of rare gas metastable atoms in the rare gases, hydrogen, and water vapor. Measurements of cross sections for secondary collision processes of the ions formed by Penning and associative ionization will also be presented.
Penning Ionization
Authors: Niehaus A.
Published: November 2023

A review is presented of recent experimental investigations dealing with the ionization of various atoms and molecules in collisions with metastable rare gas atoms. These investigations include absolute cross section measurements, mass spectrometric analysis of the ions formed, and electron spectroscopic analysis of the electrons ejected. The results are discussed in terms of a potential curve model for Penning ionization, which essentially is equivalent to a description in Born‐Oppenheimer approximation of the process, with the motion of the colliding heavy particles treated classically. The approximate validity of this description is shown to be supported by the experimental results. The discussion of the experimental data in this frame yields detailed in formation on the physical quantities governing the Penning ionization process. In the case of the ionization of molecules it is shown that the Penning process is vertical and in simple cases leads to a population of vibrational states of the ion in accord with the Franck‐Condon transition probabilities. Observed deviations from this behaviour, and other complications, due to competing processes, arising in the case of molecules are discussed.
Magnetic Relaxation by Quadrupole Interaction of Ionic Nuclei in Electrolyte Solutions Part II: Relaxation at Finite Ion Concentrations
Authors: Hertz H. G.
Published: November 2023

General expressions are given for the self‐correlation functions and two particle cross‐correlation functions regarding the electrical field gradient caused by the ions in the electrolyte solution. The important case of electrostatic field gradients (i.e. of point charges) is treated with particular emphasis. The quenching of quadrupole interactions due to ion cloud formation around a given ion is described. Modifications of the water‐water cross‐correlation function in the presence of ions and the ion‐water cross‐correlation functions are discussed. Fairly general formulae for the relaxation rate including special structural effects and contributions of electronic field gradients are derived.
Elektrochemische Oszillationsmethode zur Untersuchung der Diffusion von Wasserstoff in Metallen (Pd, Pd—Ag, Nb, Ta)
Authors: Boes N. , Westerboer U. , Züchner H.
Published: November 2023

Es wird ein neues elektrochemisches Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Diffusion von Wasserstoff‐Isotopen in k.f.z.‐ und k.r.z.‐Metallen beschrieben. Dieses Verfahren, die elektrochemische Oszillationsmethode, ist aus den bewährten “Pulsmethoden” entwickelt worden. Dabei wird die Metallprobe so in den Regelkreis eines Potentiostaten geschaltet, daβ aufgrund des Diffusionswiderstandes und der Rückführung stationäre Relaxations‐Oszillationen des Potentials und damit der Wasserstoff‐Konzentration um einen vorgegebenen Sollwert entstehen. Es wird eine Lösung für dieses Diffusionsproblem gegeben, aus der sich der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Diffusionskoeffizienten D und der Schwingungsdauer τ der Oszillation ergibt: D = s2/1,778· τ.

Die mit dieser Methode erhaltenen Ergebnisse für D werden mit den aus Pulsmethoden ermittelten verglichen.
Untersuchungen zur Reaktion von Wasserstoffatomen mit Äthanol und tert. Butanol
Authors: Aders W.‐K. , Wagner H. Gg.
Published: November 2023

Die Reaktionen von H‐Atomen mit Äthanol und tert. Butanol wurden zwischen 295 und 700 K in einem isothermen Strömungssystem unter‐sucht. Stabile und instabile Reaktanden konnten bei Anwendung von Elektronenspin‐Resonanz, Massenspektroskopie und Gaschromato‐graphie mit hoher Empfindlichkeit nachgewiesen werden.

Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante k1, des Elementarschrittes H + C2H5OH Produkte ergab sich in Arrhenius‐Darstellung zu k1 = (4,2 ± 0,4) 1012exp(‐4200 ± 300 cal·mol−1/RT) [cm3/mol sec]

Als stabile Hauptprodukte der Umsetzung von Äthanol mit H‐Atomen wurden Methan, Äthan, Äthylen, Wasser und Acetaldehyd gebildet. Bei der Reaktion H + (CH3)3COH ergab sich die Geschwindigkeitskonstante des Einleitungsschrittes in Arrhenius‐Darstellung zu k1 = (4,0 ± 0,4)·1013 exp (‐8200 ± 600 cal·mol−1/RT) [cm3/mol sec].

Als sauerstoffhaltiges Hauptprodukt konnte bei dieser Reaktion nur Wasser nachgewiesen werden. Mechanismen, die die beobachteten Produkte befriedigend erklären, werden diskutiert.
Development of heart organoid cryopreservation method through Fe3O4 nanoparticles based nanowarming system
Authors: Lee Seul‐Gi , Kim Jin , Seok Jin , Kim Min Woo , Rhee Jooeon , Song Gyeong‐Eun , Park Shinhye , Lee Suemin , Jeong Youngin , Chung Hyung Min , Kim C‐Yoon
Published: November 2023

Beyond single cell two‐dimensional (2D) culture, research on organoids that can mimic human organs is rapidly developing. However, there are still problems in commercialization and joint research using organoids due to the lack of technology to safely store organoids. Since organoids are 3D complex structures with a certain size (0.1–5 mm) beyond the size of cells, the conventional cell‐level cryopreservation method using cryoprotectant (CPA) cannot overcome the damage caused by volume change due to osmotic pressure difference and ice nucleation. Herein, we attempted to solve such limitations by applying a nanowarming system using CPA with high cell permeability and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. By performing beat rate measurement, histological analysis, contractility analysis, and multi‐electrode array, it was verified that the developed method could significantly improve functional recovery and survival of heart organoids after freezing and thawing. In this study, we demonstrated a successful organoid cryopreservation method based on a Fe3O4 nanowarming system. The developed technology will provide clues to the field of tissue cryopreservation and spur the application of organoids.
The effect of green supply chain management practices on corporate environmental performance: Does supply chain competitive advantage matter?
Authors: Wiredu John , Yang Qian , Sampene Agyemang Kwasi , Gyamfi Bright Akwasi , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the impact of institutional pressure (IP), top management support (TMS), green supply chain management practices (GSCM), and supply chain competitive advantage (SCCA) on corporate environmental performance (EP). We also analyze the mediation effect of GSCM on the interplay between TMS and EP. Additionally, the paper also provides an analysis of the moderating role of SCCA between IP and EP. To attain the objective of this research, we assembled data from 710 business entities within the Shaanxi province of China utilizing a survey design approach. The structural equation model (SEM) was applied to test and assess the hypothetical outline. The study outcomes empirically show that TMS, GSCM, and SCCA positively and significantly impact EP. Interestingly, our study found an insignificant association between IP and EP. The study's results also demonstrate that IP directly relates to top management support. Moreover, the study's empirical findings reveal that GSCM positively mediates IP and EP. The study findings show that SCCA shapes IP and EP's connection. Accordingly, the practical implications of our study's findings suggest that business managers, investors, and government agencies must know the importance of adopting sustainable practices within the supply chain. Business managers must take action to integrate environmental criteria into supplier selection, evaluate suppliers' EP, and collaborate with eco‐friendly suppliers. Hence, government agencies, stakeholders, and business managers can use this information to shape regulations and policies that encourage businesses to adopt sustainable supply chain practices. Offering incentives such as tax benefits or grants for sustainability initiatives can also promote adoption. The study recommends that a business culture that targets improving EP due to IP and top management support is essential in achieving GSCM practices, thereby promising competitive advantage.
Did court dismiss a harassment claim by a track team member?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2023

A University of Arizona track team member endured “sexual and homophobic bullying” during his first year on the team. His teammates allegedly called him “gay” and “fag” on an almost daily basis. On one occasion, the student‐athlete's team members posted a false obscene video about him in the team's public chat group. The coaches didn’t respond to the posting.
Benzimidazolium Salts Bearing Nitrile Moieties: Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition Profiling, and Molecular Docking Analysis for Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Öner Erkan , Gök Yetkin , Demir Yeliz , Taskin‐Tok Tugba , Aktaş Aydın , Gülçin İlhami , Yalın Serap
Published: November 2023

This report presents the synthesis and characterization of a range of benzimidazolium salts featuring 3‐cyanopropyl groups on the 1st nitrogen atom and varied alkyl groups on the 3rd nitrogen atom within the benzimidazole structure. Benzimidazolium salts were synthesized by N‐alkylation of 1‐alkyl benzimidazole with 3‐cyanopropyl‐bromide. The new salts were characterized by 1H and 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. In this study, the enzyme inhibition abilities of seven nitrile substituted benzimidazolium salts were investigated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II). They showed a highly potent inhibition effect on AChE, hCA I and hCA II (Ki values are in the range of 26.71–119.09 nM for AChE, 19.77 to 133.68 nM for hCA I and 13.09 to 266.38 nM for hCA II). Reflecting the binding mode of the synthesized cyanopropyl series, the importance of the 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylbenzyl, 3‐methylbenzyl and 3‐benzyl groups for optimal interactions with target proteins, evaluated by molecular docking studies. At the same time, the docking findings support the inhibition constants (Ki) values of the related compounds in this study. Potential compounds were also evaluated by their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted.
Endemic Mountain Tea (Sideritis dichotoma Huter): Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Mineral Content by ICP‐MS and Phytochemical Content by LCHR‐MS
Authors: Öztürk Sarıkaya Sevim Beyza , Zehiroğlu Cuma
Published: November 2023

Endemic Sideritis dichotoma Huter, herbal tea, is used for colds, coughs and digestive ailments. Since at least 25 % of the active ingredients of pharmacological drugs are obtained from plants, it is important to investigate many plants, both traditionally used and whose potential hasnt yet been discovered, before they disappear. When the results compared to other Sideritis species, it has better antioxidant activity in DPPH⋅ scavenging activity, Fe3+ and Cu2+ reducing capacity methods and is also rich in minerals, necessary for human body, K, Mg, Ca, P, S. Zone values (10–19,5 mm) obtained on S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S.enteritidis, E. faecalis, P. putida and K. pnemoniae strains are an indication that the plant has antibacterial activity. 27 secondary metabolites were identified by LC‐HRMS. Verbascoside, pharmacologically active compound known to have antitumor effect, cytotoxic selectivity and anticancer activity, is the most abundant phenolic in ethanol extract (49297.13 mg/kg).
The Wound‐Healing Potential of the Endemic Plant Helianthemum canum (L.) Baumg: Preclinical Studies Supported with Phytochemical Profiling
Authors: Küpeli Akkol Esra , Kosar Muberra , Baldemir Ayşe , Şeker Karatoprak Gökçe , Demirpolat Eren , Betul Yerer Aycan Mukerrem , Süntar Ipek , Ilgün Selen
Published: November 2023

The study‘s objective is to clarify the probable mechanisms underlying the wound‐healing properties of Helianthemum canum L. (Cistaceae), a traditional anti‐inflammatory and wound‐healing medicine. LC/MS‐MS was used to perform phytochemical analyses on a 70 % methanol extract of the plant‘s aerial parts. In vivo, linear incision and circular excision models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity. For anti‐inflammatory effect, in vivo acetic acid capillary permeability assay and in vitro Interleukin 1, Interleukin 6, and Interferon ɣ levels in LPS‐induced FR skin fibroblast cell line were also evaluated. The extract significantly improved wound healing in experimental models, with tensile strength values of 27.8 % and a contraction value of 35.09 %. Histopathological examinations, hydroxyproline estimation, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase enzyme inhibitory assays confirmed wound healing potential. Inflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited in the LPS‐induced FR cell line, with the highest effect seen on IL‐6 (34.5±2.12 pg/mL). This study offered the first concrete proof that H. canum can be used to treat wounds by suggesting that the myricetin and quinic acid content identified by LCMS‐MS analysis may be accountable for the effect of H. canum on wound contraction and hydroxyproline production.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Eugenol in Combination with Fosfomycin to Combat Escherichia coli and Potential Effect on Plasmid‐Mediated Fosfomycin Resistance Genes
Authors: Attaallah Ibrahim Ali , Kadhim Mohammed Rana
Published: November 2023

The presence of multidrug‐resistant pathogenic microorganisms makes it challenging to cure bacterial illnesses. Syzygium aromaticum has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential synergistic effect of the combination of Eugenol and Fosfomycin against clinically Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their possible co‐treatment as well as their contribution to plasmid‐mediated Fosfomycin resistance (fosA3 and fosA4) genes using molecular assays. Eugenol was extracted from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) plants using steam distillation by Clevenger and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). UPEC accounted for 63.6 % of all isolates. Specifically, 99.3 % of the UPEC isolates exhibited resistance to multiple types of antibiotics [multidrug‐resistant (MDR)]. The MIC for Eugenol was 1.25–5 μg/mL, and Fosfomycin was 512–1024 μg/mL, while the MBC for Eugenol was 5–10 μg/mL and Fosfomycin was 2048 μg/mL. The synergistic effects were considerable, with 1/4 MIC of Eugenol resulting in 1/8 MIC Fosfomycin. Eugenol inhibited most of the UPEC isolates at 4–8 hours, Fosfomycin at 8–12 hours, and co‐treatment at 4–8 hours. The fosA3 and fosA4 genes were detected in 5.7 % and 2.9 % of the isolates, respectively. The results showed variable gene expression changes in response to the different treatments.
Green corporate image: Assessing the effects of climate change management practices on corporate reputation
Authors: Khalid Fahad , Sun Juncheng , Guo Jiawei , Srivastava Mohit
Published: November 2023

The overarching aim of this study is to determine how distinct climate change management practices (CMPs), ranging from the establishment of carbon targets to the adoption of renewable energy and carbon assurance, resonate in the realm of corporate reputation (CR). The study sample comprises US S&P 500 companies (2016–2018). Reputation insights are obtained from the Global RepTrak® Pulse of the Reputation Institute, and data on the adoption of various CMPs are extracted from Carbon Disclosure Project reports. Logistic regression analysis shows that the findings underscore the pivotal role of absolute carbon and renewable energy use targets in enhancing CR. However, the effects of CMPs on CR vary with carbon trading regulations and intensive sector affiliation. The main findings hold after the Heckman selection model is used as an endogeneity technique. This research offers valuable insights to corporations that seek to strategically manage their reputation amidst the challenges of climate change.
Surpassing the Performance of Phenolate‐derived Ionic Liquids in CO2 Chemisorption by Harnessing the Robust Nature of Pyrazolonates
Authors: Qiu Liqi , Fu Yuqing , Yang Zhenzhen , Johnson Anna C. , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Mahurin Shannon M. , He Liang‐Nian , Jiang De‐en , Dai Sheng
Published: November 2023

Superbase‐derived ionic liquids (SILs) are promising sorbents to tackle the carbon challenge featured by tunable interaction strength with CO2 via structural engineering, particularly the oxygenate‐derived counterparts (e. g., phenolate). However, for the widely deployed phenolate‐derived SILs, unsolved stability issues severely limited their applications leading to unfavorable and diminished CO2 chemisorption performance caused by ylide formation‐involved side reactions and the phenolate‐quinone transformation via auto‐oxidation. In this work, robust pyrazolonate‐derived SILs possessing anti‐oxidation nature were developed by introducing aza‐fused rings in the oxygenate‐derived anions, which delivered promising and tunable CO2 uptake capacity surpassing the phenolate‐based SIL via a carbonate formation pathway (O−C bond formation), as illustrated by detailed spectroscopy studies. Further theoretical calculations and experimental comparisons demonstrated the more favorable reaction enthalpy and improved anti‐oxidation properties of the pyrazolonate‐derived SILs compared with phenolate anions. The achievements being made in this work provides a promising approach to achieve efficient carbon capture by combining the benefits of strong interaction strength of oxygenate species with CO2 and the stability improvement enabled by aza‐fused rings introduction.
Hybrid distributed online and alternating convex optimization‐based initial value accelerated hybrid precoding for millimeter wave multiple‐input‐multiple‐output
Authors: Kadiyala Ragodaya Deepthi , Kakarla Deepti , Chikyal Neetu
Published: November 2023

The hybrid precoding problem is considered a Frobenius norm reduction problem for the narrowband channel in a millimeter wave (mmWave) with multiple inputs and outputs (mmWave MIMO). This work proposes a hybrid distributed online and alternating convex optimization (HDO‐ACO) algorithm to improve hybrid precoding (HP), interpreted as a trace minimization problem. HDO‐ACO alternately determines the digital and analog precoders to reduce the trace by keeping the other constant. Initially, HDO‐ACO uses Lagrange's method to determine the digital precoding subproblem. Then, it uses the integrated distributed online convex optimization and alternating minimization algorithm in the analog precoder design. In the HP method, the digital and analog precoders are iteratively updated until the highest number of iterations or convergence is reached. But this hybrid precoding method requires an initial analog precoding matrix input to begin the iteration. The algorithms converge gradually and fall into a suboptimal solution when the initial analog precoding matrix is set randomly. Hence, an initial value acceleration‐based heuristic approach is used in the HDO‐ACO alternating minimization algorithm that calculates the initial feasible value of an alternating minimization method using channel conditions. The simulation results of the proposed HDO‐ACO algorithm are presented under bit error rate (BER), spectral efficiency (SE), and convergence behavior by comparing it with modified block coordinate descent–HP (MBCD‐HP), manifold optimization–alternating minimization (MO‐AltMin), and semi‐definite relaxation‐based alternating optimization (SDR‐AO). The proposed HDO‐ACO attains maximum SE and less BER than other hyper‐precoding designs.
Autonomous configuration establishment method of wireless network on condition monitoring for coupling and decoupling of railway vehicles
Authors: Iwasawa Nagateru , Hosokawa Yuta , Hada Akio , Mamada Shogo , Harashima Shuji , Fuwa Yasushi
Published: November 2023

In recent years, with the development of IoT, research and development of wireless sensor networks for monitoring has been advanced to monitor the condition of various devices in railway vehicles and notify train crews. In the operation of railway vehicles, the composition may be changed at stations by coupling and decoupling, and it is necessary to set up inter‐vehicle wireless network considering them. Therefore, to transmit sensor data in railway vehicles, we propose an autonomous configuration establishment method of wireless network for railway vehicles considering coupling and decoupling.
Exploiting the Potential of Pyroelectric–Piezoelectric Hybrid Devices for Low‐Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Gaur Aditya , Saurabh Nishchay , Patel Satyanarayan
Published: November 2023

This study proposes a separate and combined (pyroelectric + piezoelectric) energy harvesting system using a bimetallic beam. Hybrid energy harvesting is achieved by waste thermal energy using thermal expansion mismatch of the bimetallic beam. In this regard, four types of design are proposed, along with various heating/cooling cycles. Auxetic layers in a bimetallic beam are used to enhance the power. The best‐performing design and heating/cooling cycle are considered for further power increment. Two models are simulated based on low (model C3) and high heat consumption (model C5). The load resistance, frequency, bimetallic beam and pyroelectric/piezoelectric layer thickness are varied and maximum power is obtained at 175 MΩ (C3), 75 MΩ (C5), 0.02 Hz (C3 and C5) and 0.4 mm (C3 and C5) as 20 μW (C3) and 40 μW(C5), respectively. The piezoelectric, pyroelectric and combined power variation is the effect of stress and temperature fluctuations on H‐PEH layer. Additionally, five well‐known higher pyroelectric/piezoelectric coefficient materials are studied and found that La‐NBT‐BT‐Ta gives the maximum power of 0.811 and 1.99 mW for combined (pyroelectric + piezoelectric) effect in low (C3) and high (C5) heat consumption model, respectively. The stress generated in both models is analyzed to look at practical feasibility.
Enhancement of in vitro antibacterial activity and bioactivity of iodine‐loaded titanium by micro‐scale regulation using mixed‐acid treatment
Authors: Sawai Yasuhisa , Yamaguchi Seiji , Inoue Kazuya , Kato‐Kogoe Nahoko , Yamada Kazuto , Shimada Nanako , Ito Morihiro , Nakano Hiroyuki , Ueno Takaaki
Published: November 2023

Postoperative infection and subsequent device loss are serious complications in the use of titanium dental implants and plates for jawbone reconstruction. We have previously reported that NaOH–CaCl2–thermal–ICl3–treated titanium (NaCaThIo) has a nano‐scale surface and exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The present study examined the surface properties of mixed‐acid treated and then iodine‐treated titanium (MA–NaCaThIo), and evaluated oral antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity compared with the results obtained with NaCaThIo. MA‐NaCaThIo formed a surface layer with a nano‐scale network structure having microscale irregularities, and both the thickness of the surface layer (1.49 ± 0.16 μm) and the average surface roughness (0.35 ± 0.03 μm) were significantly higher than those of NaCaThIo. Furthermore, MA‐NaCaThIo maintained high hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 7.5 ± 1.7° even after 4 weeks, as well as improved apatite formation, iodine ion release, and antibacterial activity against Prevotella intermedia compared to NaCaThIo. Cell culture test revealed that MA‐NaCaThIo exhibited no cytotoxicity against MG‐63 and Vero cells, while increased cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization of MG‐63 compared to NaCaThIo. This treated titanium is expected to be useful for the development of next‐generation titanium devices having both bone‐bonding and antibacterial properties.
Utilization of excess microorganisms as carbon and electron sources in the sulfate reduction process
Authors: Yilmaz Tülay , Uçar Deniz
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The cost of the substrate plays a crucial role in sulfate‐containing wastewater treatment. Utilizing a natural or low‐cost substrate is essential for effective sulfate reduction. This study investigates and compares the sulfate reduction performance of excess yeast and excess activated sludge as substrates to that of ethanol, one of the most commonly used substrates.

RESULTS

Both waste sludge groups underwent initial anaerobic digestion and were subsequently fed into an anaerobic up‐flow bed reactor. The reactor operated through five periods using synthetic water containing 2000 mg SO42− L−1. To assess electron donor performance during transitions between carbon sources, famine periods (without substrate addition) were implemented. Maximum sulfate reduction efficiencies for ethanol, excess yeast and excess activated sludge, and yeast were 89%, 54% and 70%, respectively, with corresponding chemical oxygen demand oxidation rates of 86%, 81% and 92%. The ethanol‐fed period exhibited the highest sulfide (720 mg L−1 on day 116) and alkalinity (2035 mg CaCO3 L−1 on day 109) production. It is evident that waste activated sludge, primarily composed of prokaryotic bacteria, was more susceptible to biodegradation than eukaryotic waste yeast.

CONCLUSIONS

While ethanol is a favorable source of electrons, this study suggests that the waste products of biological processes can serve as an alternative to ethanol for sulfate reduction. This approach has the potential to reduce operating costs in treatment systems by using biological waste as a carbon source. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Syndiotactic Poly(Substituted Methylene)s with Alkyloxycarbonyl Side Chains: Effects of Side Chain Chirality on the Main Chain Helix and Crystallinity
Authors: Kiyoura Masamichi , Aizawa Yosuke , Nishimura Mihoko , Kurokawa Naruki , Tokita Masatoshi
Published: November 2023

Syndiotactic poly(substituted methylene)s (st‐PMs) with alkyloxycarbonyl side chains form hexagonal columnar liquid crystals (Colh LCs), wherein the main chain adopting either right‐ or left‐handed helices is arranged in a 2D hexagonal lattice. This study investigates the main chain conformation for st‐PMs with chiral side chains, designated as st‐P8(3,7Me)‐fSS. st‐P8(3,7Me)‐fSS polymers possess 3,7‐dimethyloctyloxycarbonyl side chains at different S‐enantiomeric fractions, fS. In chiral st‐P8(3,7Me)‐fSS with an fS > 50%, the main chain adopts a one‐handed helical conformation along the longer contour with increasing fS. The fS influences the crystallinity of the polymers. Chiral P8(3,7Me)‐fSS polymers crystallize the Colh LCs upon cooling. The crystallite size, melting temperature, and fusion enthalpy increase with fS. Racemic st‐P8(3,7Me)‐50S does not crystallize.
Technical Note: Impact of impurities on Yttrium‐90 glass microsphere activity quantitation
Authors: Beattie Bradley J. , Kirov Assen S. , Kesner Adam L.
Published: November 2023

Background

Glass 90Y microspheres are produced with known radionuclide impurities. These impurities are not independently monitored. Clinical instruments, including ionization chamber dose calibrators and positron emmission tomography (PET) cameras, can be much more sensitive in detecting signals from these impurities than to signals from 90Y itself.

Purpose

The “typical” levels of 90Y impurities have been studied to assess their impact on dosimetry during internal implantation, and for the management of waste. However, unaccounted‐for decay spectra of impurities can also have an impact on dose calibrator and PET readings. Thus, even what might be considered negligibly small impurity fractions, can in principle cause substantial overestimates of the amount of 90Y activity present in a sample. To our knowledge, quantitative effects of radionuclide impurities in glass microspheres on activity measurements have not been documented in the field. As activity quantitation for dosimetry and its correlations with outcome becomes more prevalent, the effects of impurities on measurements may remain unaccounted for in dosimetry studies.

Methods

In this letter, we review theoretical and physical considerations that will result in asymmetric errors in quantitation from 90Y impurities and estimate their typical and potential impact on clinical utilization. Among the common impurities 88Y is of particular concern for its impact on 90Y dose measurements because of its decay characteristics, along with other isotopes 91Y and 46Sc which can also impact measurements.

Results

The typical level of 88Y impurities reported by the manufacturer should only cause small errors in dose calibrator and PET measurements made within the 12‐day label‐specified use‐by period, up to 2.0% and 1.6%, respectively. However, the product specification max allowable impurity levels, specified by the manufacturer, leave open the potential for much greater bias from within the 12‐day use‐by period, potentially as high as 13.2% for dose calibrator measurements and 10.6% for PET from the 88Y impurities.

Conclusions

While typical levels of impurities appear to have acceptable impact on patient absorbed dose, it should be noted that they can have adverse effects on 90Y radioactivity measurements. Furthermore, there is currently minimal independent verification and/or monitoring of impurity levels within the field.
The relation between biodiversity in literature and social and spatial situation of authors: Reflections on the nature–culture entanglement
Authors: Langer Lars , Burghardt Manuel , Borgards Roland , Richter Ronny , Wirth Christian
Published: November 2023

Understanding the nature–culture entanglement by combining the methods of natural sciences and humanities is little approached in neither of the fields. With a specific combination of methods from both digital humanities and ecology, we aimed at identifying several of people's life circumstances that relate to their individual sensitivity towards biodiversity. The circumstances with a strong correlation could be considered and targeted by decision‐makers, for example by developing specific education programmes for making people more eco‐conscious or adjusting relevant regulations.

We applied machine learning techniques onto a database including information about the frequency of biodiversity mentioned in creative literature (BiL) from 1705 to 1969 as response variable related to metadata about the corresponding works and their authors as predictors, including localisation, age, gender and literature genre. The algorithm determined the response's dependency on each predictor, which can be interpreted as the intensity of this particular sensitivity parameter for biodiversity, and which we also related to time.

We recognised that gender, age, region and settlement size are predictors significantly correlated to BiL. Statistically, these predictors can be viewed as starting points of the eventual individual level of awareness for biodiversity. For example, authors from villages exhibit a higher BiL than those from cities, which we interpret as a signal for the dependence of awareness for biodiversity on spatial distance from nature, which in turn can be addressed in urban development.

Our conclusion is that applying a machine learning technique on literary data yields meaningful results, thereby showing potential for further similar investigations and the combination of methods from natural sciences and humanities to achieve so far unattainable insights. With our study, these insights could contribute to ecologically based decision‐making processes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among Hispanic/Latino survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer
Authors: Choi Eunju , Berkman Amy M. , Cheung Christabel K. , Betts Andrea C. , Salsman John M. , Andersen Clark R. , Ochoa‐Dominguez Carol Yesenia , Miller Kimberly , Milam Joel , Shah Ashna , Peterson Susan K. , Lu Qian , Livingston J. Andrew , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. , Parsons Susan K. , Freyer David , Roth Michael E.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer experience psychological distress and insufficient access to mental health care. Few studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in psychological health outcomes in this population. This study compared psychological distress, mental health care use, and inability to afford mental health care between Hispanic/Latino survivors of AYA cancer and Hispanic/Latino controls.

Methods

The National Health Interview Survey data (2010–2018) were analyzed to identify Hispanic/Latino survivors of AYA cancer and Hispanic/Latino age‐ and sex‐matched non‐cancer controls. Sociodemographic, chronic health, modifiable factors, and psychological outcomes were compared using chi‐square tests. Logistic regression models with survey weights were used to assess the log‐odds of psychological distress in relation to covariates, along with the cancer group. Interactions were evaluated between each variable and cancer group.

Results

The study included 370 Hispanic/Latino survivors of AYA cancer (mean time since diagnosis = 12.34 years) and 3700 Hispanic/Latino controls. Compared to controls, survivors were more likely to report moderate/severe distress (OR = 2.23, p < 0.001), use of mental health care (OR = 2.11, p < 0.001) and inability to afford mental health care (OR = 3.05, p < 0.001). Forty‐one percent of survivors reported moderate/severe distress and only 16% utilized mental health care. Among survivors, having more than two chronic health conditions and public insurance (compared to private insurance) were associated with the presence of moderate/severe distress. Among survivors experiencing moderate/severe distress, lack of insurance was associated with decreased utilization of mental health care.

Conclusions

Having cancer as an AYA may exacerbate disparities in psychological health within the Hispanic/Latino population.
Aluminum particle agglomeration characteristics and suppression method during the combustion of aluminum‐based solid propellants: A review
Authors: Liao Xueqin , Pei Jiangfeng , Xie Peini , Hu Yiwen , Liu Jianzhong
Published: November 2023

Aluminum is widely used in solid rocket propellants to improve the energy performance of the propellant. However, during propellant combustion, aluminum particles may agglomerate, resulting in slag deposition, incomplete combustion of metal particles, increased two‐phase flow losses, and reduced motor specific impulse. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance and engineering value to understand the agglomeration mechanism of aluminum particles and to explore the method of agglomeration suppression. Based on this, this paper firstly briefly introduced the agglomeration process of aluminum particles during propellant combustion. Subsequently, factors influencing the agglomeration of aluminium particles were analysed. The influencing factors can be roughly divided into two aspects: propellant‘s own formulation and external environment. Immediately afterwards, the existing agglomeration suppression methods were emphasized and summarized and analyzed. Presently, agglomeration suppression methods can be broadly classified into four categories, namely, conventional formulation optimization, use of aluminum nanoparticles, and modification of aluminum particles using fluorine‐containing compounds or alloy particles. Finally, several directions that need to be focused on in the future are proposed to address the problems in the study of aluminum particle agglomeration suppression methods.
The coordination chemistry of nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide
Authors: de Bolster M.W.G. , Groeneveld W.L.
Published: November 2023

A number of new solvates and adducts containing nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide are reported. The solvates have the general formula M{[(CH3)2N]2‐P(O)N(CH3)P(O)[N(CH3)2]2}n2+(BF4)22−, in which M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd, n = 3, except for the Cu(II) compound, in which n = 2. The adducts have the general formula M(anion)2{[(CH3)2N]2P(O)N(CH3)P(O)[N(CH3)2]2}m, in which M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. Cu, Zn and Cd, m= 1 − 3, and the anions are CI−, Br−, I−. NO3− and NCS−.

The compounds are characterized and identified by chemical analysis and physical measurements.

Infrared spectra in the 4000‐200 cm−1 region have been investigated. A tentative assignment is proposed and the shifts of some ligand bands upon complexing are discussed. It is concluded that coordination takes place via the oxygen atoms.

Ligand‐field spectra for the complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(Il) and Cu(II) have been investigated. Values for Dq and B are reported.

X‐ray powder patterns were used in combination with ligand‐field and anionvibrational spectra to deduce the coordination around the metal ions.

It is concluded that, in spite of the low position of nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide in the spectrochemical and nephelauxetic series, the complexes are very stable, owing to a chelation effect.

The tendency of this ligand to form octahedrally solvated cations is reflected in the behaviour of the magnesium and nickel compounds, in which the moiety M(ligand)32+ is frequently found.