bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dari Lima Tanaman Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis Dengan Metode Mikrodilusi M7 – A6CLSI
Authors: Suryana Shendi , Nuraeni Yen Yen Ade , Rostinawati Tina
Published: February 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol daun Leucaena leucocephala, Camellia sinensis, Psidium guajava L, Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis dan Solanum nigrum L. terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis menggunakan metode mikrodilusi. Sebagai pembanding digunakan antibiotik tetrasiklin HCl, kloramfenikol dan amoksisilin. Ekstrak etanol Leucaena leucocephala, Camellia sinensis dan Psidium guajava L memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri, sedangkan ekstrak etanol uji lainnya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang tidak signifikan. Nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol Leucaena leucocephala terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah 62,5 μg/ml. Nilai Konsentrasi Bakterisidal Minimum (KBM) ekstrak etanol Camellia sinensis dan Psidium guajava L adalah 125 μg/ml.
Sumarokov А. М. Renewal of biotic potential of biogeocenoses at reduction in pesticide loadings. – Donetsk, 2009. – 194 p.
Authors: Bilova N. A. , Travleyev A. P.
Published: February 2018

Maintenance of ecological balance is an important aspect of rational nature management, environmental protection, human health preservation. It is known that a pesticidal press is a substantial ecological factor affecting the structure and the elements of cenosis. However, estimation of the state of cenoses and predicting their response on the anthropogenic influences are often difficult, and sometimes are simply impossible for lack of data on many directions of anthropogenic influence, including in pesticide loadings. In this connection, the monograph of А. М. Sumarokov appears as an extremely actual one, because it fills in the blank of our knowledge on the indicated issue. During many years, including the time of wide use of pesticides (1983–1989) and the period of considerable reduction of their use (1999–2005), the author was conducting the study of comparative species composition and ecological structure of herpetobiont Coleоptera in the main cenosis of Ukrainian steppe zone. The results of the long-term regular field stationary watching the state of koleopterofauna are unique not only for Ukraine but also for all space of the former USSR. The conclusions of the author bring a substantial contribution to entomology, in particular to impression and formation of entomocomplexes of agrocenoses and adjoined biogeocenosis. It is convincingly shown by the author, that the intensification of agricultural production, based on wide-range application of pesticides, reduces the biotic potential of biogeocenoses catastrophically. Thus, the reduction of the use of pesticides does not cause the height of losses of harvest of basic agricultural crops; obviously, it is related to strengthening of regulator activity of etnomofags, the closeness of that in the second period of researches grew more than in 10 times as compared to the first period. In addition, through the analysis of the findings А. М. Sumarokov made the row of interesting theoretical substantiations, in particular, about coenotic status of agrobiocenoses considered by the author not as artificial formations, but as anthropogenically broken natural biocenoses, they also bring a substantial contribution to ecological science. With regards to practical recommendations, they are fully reasonable and have an important national economic value. The monograph of А. М. Sumarokov is a fundamental contribution to ecological science, and its substantive findings can be applied with some nuances in any country of the world, growing the field agricultural crops.
Evalution of technical means capabilities for minimisation of technogenic pollution of a near space
Authors: Dron N. M. , Horolsky P. G. , Dubovik L. G.
Published: February 2018

The conducted researches are directed on the solution of one of the most important problems of the space use – a problem connected with existence and inadmissibility of growth the quantity of a technogenic origin space debris on low near-earth and geostationary orbits because its further increase will overlap to mankind an exit in space and will terminate space activity. In the basis of a technique of researches the analysis of an existing ecological condition of the surrounding space environment on which base determined the major factors of pollution of the space and considered ways of struggle against space debris on near-earth orbits is put. It is established that the major factors of pollution of the near-earth space are spent stages of launch vehicles and accelerating units, the space crafts which have terminated its existence, fragments of destroyed artificial space objects, operational elements etc. Space debris basically is concentrated on low orbits and around a geostationary orbit which on the basis of the analysis of statistical data on space crafts starts are in most common use. Here groupings of space crafts of the various particular mission, including space crafts of communication, relay, TV, the early prevention of a rocket attack are concentrated. It is shown that the main ways of struggle against space debris are prevention of occurrence new and removal of the already existing debris. Notable decrease in level of the pollution can achieve at cumulative use of such measures, as an exception of explosions of the space objects, limitation of quantity of the started space crafts, reduction of number of the accompanying fragments injected into orbits at starts. Methods and means of withdrawal from working orbits of space crafts upon termination of term of their active existence and known ways and systems of active removal of already existing fragments of the space debris, such as: application of an ionic bunch, the space ship-towing vehicle, the polyurethane foam, the pulsing laser, harpoon system, electrodynamic cord system are considered. Scientific novelty of the presented results consists in the description of conceptual actions for reduction of pollution of the space. The activities executed in the given direction, have huge practical value as the outer space exploration gives huge advantage and significant progress to mankind, but the further operation at near-earth space by existing methods without acceptance of the measures indicated in the article, its further safe development already will not allow in the near future.
The book, dedicated to the plants of grass and subshrub layer – Kovalenko I. M. Ecology of the lower layer plants of forest ecosystems. – Sumy : University Book, 2015. – 360 p.
Authors: Travleyev A. P. , Bilova N. A.
Published: February 2018

A large array of information regarding the study of forest vegetation, represented by a great number of scientists, demonstrates the relevance of this direction and at the same time the gaps of existing research on this field. The author of the book is Ihor Mykolayovych Kovalenko, a representative of Sumy ecologists and botanists, a native of the scientific school of the well-known biogeocenologist and ecologist Julian A. Zlobin. The monograph is structured into 8 chapters, conclusions and a list of references. It is worth noting the presence of numerous diagrams, tables and figures which appropriately complement the text material. The peculiarity of the work is that the author, focusing on the lower layer plants of forest ecosystems, has also shown and analyzed the impact of various components of forest ecosystems on each other. This approach is characterized by a complexity which certainly enhances the practical value of the publication and the results it provides. The book is a comprehensive study of the plants of grass and subshrub layer of forest ecosystems. However, the author focuses on the need to conduct the constant monitoring of individual components and ecosystems in general, limited to the nature reserve areas. This publication may be recommended as a methodological manual while conducting such research. Outline of the book sections presented above clearly demonstrates a comprehensive and in-depth study of the lower layer plants of forest ecosystems in the north-east of Ukraine. In general, we believe that the reviewed scientific work of I. M. Kovalenko «Ecology of the lower layer plants of forest ecosystem» is a major contribution to the scientific literature on ecology and sozology. It will undoubtedly find a positive response in the wide circles of ecologists, geobotanists and phytosozologs.
Biogeomes of hydrosphere and land as elements of the biosphere structure
Authors: Protasov A. A.
Published: February 2018

Ecosystems as the smallest unit in the structure of the biosphere form natural groups with similar nonliving or inert components (geome) and leaving, biotic (biome) as a result of the ecological convergence. Thus it is formed following after ecosystem level structure of the biosphere – biogeomes or complexes of similar in its structure and function ecosystems. It is proposed unit classification of 12 biogeomes of hydrosphere and land, combining with three types of ecosystems: biotic, oligobiotic and subbiotic types. The biotic type combine with ecosystems controlled by leaving components as well as woody vegetation or hermatypic corrals. The ecosystems of oligobiotic type have strong impact of abiotic factors but biotic ones are important too. It is grass ecosystems on the land, and shelf ecosystems of ocean. In subbiotic type of ecosystems strongly prevail in its habitus abiotic components. It is ecosystems of deserts, and ocean deep bottom or pelagic ocean ecosystems. The evolution of biosphere was lead as well as to new local ecosystems divergently and convergently to formation limit number of ecosystems types, biogeomes. There is reason to believe it possible to form a new scientific section – biogeomics because there is a particular object of it study – the biogeome.
«Agrophytocenology: aspects of theory, methodology and related sciences» [Monograph] / V. I. Shanda, E. O. Yevtushenko, N. V. Voroshilova, Y. V. Malenko
Authors: Bilova N. A. , Chornaya V. I.
Published: February 2018

The most characteristic features of the modern civilization stage are runaway growth, integration and further differentiation of knowledges, enhancement of the science role in society. Science is an important factor of global transformation and mankind progress. The existence and prosperity of society depends largely on the success of science which is developed rapidly, justifying correctness, objectivity, reliability, and appropriateness of decisions on long-term planning of economic, environmental, political and social activities. Neither reliable prediction of further long-term effects of our current actions nor correct definition of the immediate tasks of economic activity are possible without a thorough scientific analysis of the numerous challenges that affect the tasks of modern society. Realities of the present state justify absolute needs for multilateral forecasting, modeling of multivariate objective patterns of mankind future, and certainly of science itself and its priorities. Works of scientists that include a monograph of V.I. Shanda, E.O. Yevtushenko, N.V. Voroshilova, Y.V. Malenko offer insights into better understanding and more accurate determination of status, ways and prospects of further science development in general and in level of its individual disciplines. The monograph highlights in retro- and perspective the nature, development, interdisciplinary connections, ontological, gnoseological and theoretical issues, concepts, differentiation of agrophytocenology as a science, represented the systemic vision, elementary and structural analysis of agrophytocenoses, their division and specificity, including chaos and behaviours related to formation of structure, composition and interactions.
LAS ORGANIZACIONES DE BASE DE ALIANZA PAIS: EL PAPEL DE LOS COMITÉS DE LA REVOLUCIÓN CIUDADANA EN LA MOVILIZACIÓN POLÍTICA
Authors: Herrera Llive Klever Vinicio
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo describe la conformación y funcionamiento de los comités de la revolución ciudadana, con el objetivo de entender las redes clientelares que sostienen al gobierno de Alianza PAIS. El pedido para constituirlos en cada hogar, en cada cuadra, en cada comunidad, lo hizo Rafael Correa al iniciar su segundo mandato y fue presentado como parte de una estrategia de radicalización revolucionaria gubernamental.La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, con diseño no experimental, documental, empleando fuentes de información primaria y secundaria. Los resultados revelan que las experiencias reales sobre su construcción son insignificantes, que se falsearon las estadísticas sobre su crecimiento y que se debieron recurrir a caciques y punteros locales para cumplir con la demanda presidencial.
LOS ORÍGENES DEL DISCURSO DE APROPIACIÓN SOCIAL DE LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGÍA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Escobar Ortiz Jorge Manuel
Published: February 2018

Mi propósito en este artículo es indagar sobre los orígenes neoliberales del discurso de apropiación social de la ciencia y la tecnología en Colombia. En particular, intento mostrar que los valores o las actitudes promovidos hacia la ciencia y la tecnología mediante dicho discurso, se han asociado directamente con el logro de las metas de producción y desarrollo económico impulsadas por el nuevo modelo de apertura económica que inicia en los años ochenta y se consolida en la década de los noventa con el gobierno Gaviria. Para esto, empiezo con una breve mirada al concepto de política científica, para dar un contexto general. Luego paso a describir lo que podría denominarse la versión oficial (o semioficial) del origen del término en la política científica colombiana, antes de ofrecer una versión más compleja, pero mucho más informativa, de ese origen. Finalizo con algunos comentarios sobre el destino de este término en la política científica colombiana posterior.
Efecto de las hormonas vegetales y el fotoperiodo en la producción de microtubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Moreno Mayelí , Oropeza Maira
Published: February 2018

Existen numerosos factores que afectan la micropropagación y la microtuberización en papa; entre ellos, las hormonas vegetales y el fotoperiodo. Para estudiar el efecto de estos dos factores en las variedades ‘Arbolona negra’ (AN) y ‘Granola’ (G), se cultivaron microesquejes de cada variedad en medio MS líquido con o sin giberelinas (GA) y con 25 g/L de sacarosa e incubados bajo condiciones de luz blanca continua. Para inducir la microtuberización, las vitroplántulas obtenidas fueron sub-cultivadas en medio MS suplementado con 50 g/L sacarosa, tres concentraciones de BA (0, 1 y 5 mg/L) e incubadas bajo diferentes regímenes lumínicos. El pre-tratamiento con GA favoreció el alargamiento del vástago en AN pero no en G. Ambas variedades produjeron el mayor número de microtubérculos en medio MS suplementado con 5 mg/L de BA, bajo condiciones fotoperiódicas, sin la adición previa de GA. El cultivo in vitro de microesquejes de papa en medios de cultivo suplementados con BA y sacarosa, y la incubación bajo condiciones de días cortos permite obtener microtubérculos de papa en condiciones in vitro, en un tiempo más corto que el que podría esperarse en condiciones tradicionales de cultivo.
La propiedad intelectual y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales y biodiversidad
Authors: Buitrago Hurtado Gustavo
Published: February 2018

Editorial
Randomized Phase II Trial of Parsatuzumab (Anti-EGFL7) or Placebo in Combination with Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: von Pawel Joachim , Spigel David R. , Ervin Thomas , Losonczy György , Barlesi Fabrice , Juhász Erzsébet , Anderson Maria , McCall Bruce , Wakshull Eric , Hegde Priti , Ye Weilan , Chen Daniel , Chang Ilsung , Rhee Ina , Reck Martin
Published: February 2018

Lessons Learned

The lack of efficacy associated with anti-EGFL7 combined with standard bevacizumab and chemotherapy in this phase II trial in non-small cell lung carcinoma is consistent with the lack of benefit observed in colorectal carcinoma, highlighting the challenge of enhancing the efficacy of VEGF inhibition in unselected populations. Future efforts with agents like anti-EGFL7 should be guided by advances in pharmacodynamic and predictive biomarker development for antiangiogenic agents.

Background

Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein that is upregulated during angiogenesis and supports endothelial cell survival. This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of the anti-EGFL7 antibody, parsatuzumab, in combination with bevacizumab plus platinum-based therapy for advanced or recurrent nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC).

Methods

Patients (n = 104) were randomized to either placebo or parsatuzumab (600 mg) in combination with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) and carboplatin/paclitaxel, administered on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Carboplatin and paclitaxel were administered for up to six cycles. Bevacizumab and parsatuzumab/placebo were administered for a maximum of 24 months.

Results

The progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR) was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–2.8; p = .047). The median PFS was 6.7 months for the parsatuzumab arm versus 8.1 months for the placebo arm. The hazard ratio for overall survival (OS) was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.5–2.2; p = .847). The objective response rate (ORR) was 29% in the parsatuzumab arm and 56% in the placebo arm. Overall safety and tolerability were consistent with the established toxicity profile of bevacizumab.

Conclusion

There was no evidence of efficacy for the addition of parsatuzumab to the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy for first-line NS-NSCLC.
Performance evaluation of alkali-activated coal-ash aggregate in concrete
Authors: Menon Sreekesh U. , Anand Kalpathy Balakrishnan , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses the utilisation of coal-ash (CA) mixtures (bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA)) as aggregates for concrete. An optimised mix of BA to FA of 60:40 could produce a basic dense mix of CA suited for aggregates. The aggregates were prepared by pelletisation followed by cold bonding, using the optimised mix blended with cement as a binder. The influence of chemical activators – namely, sodium sulfate and calcium hydroxide – for enhancing, respectively, the reactivity of the CA mix and the pelletisation efficiency was explored in the study. For comparison, two types of aggregates were produced with a higher proportion of either BA or FA. Aggregates were tested for physical and mechanical properties; microstructural and mineralogical aspects were explained through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The performance of CA aggregate concrete and normal concrete were investigated using compressive strength testing. The curing sensitivity of CA aggregate concrete was assessed under different curing regimes – namely, water, air and sealed.
Jenseits von Ostmitteleuropa? Zur Aporie einer deutschen Nischenforschung
Authors: Krzoska Markus , Lichy Kolja , Rometsch Konstantin
Published: February 2018

Ostmitteleuropaforschung - Beyond East Central Europe? The Aporiae of a Niche Research Interest in Germany

The article discusses some crucial problems of area studies drawing on the example of East Central European studies in Germany today. Against the backdrop of persistent methodological imperatives stemming from the 19th and early 20th century, we argue that general definitions of space, time or structure are of little use even in relation to a constructed region. Instead, we call for a praxeological approach that takes into consideration specific situational entanglements and their actors. In the context of global, European, imperial or transnational turns in historical cultural studies, a non-hierarchical, spatial and temporal perspective becomes essential. This article seeks to encourage discussion about the chances and risks that current developments in historical area studies in Germany entail, while also providing an impulse to think about possible future ramifications.
A fixed-dose lisinopril+amlodipine+rosuvastatin combination: prospects for its use in patients with hypertension and concomitant dyslipidemia
Authors: Podzolkov V I , Bragina A E , Osadchiy K K
Published: February 2018

In Russia, target blood pressure (BP) levels are achieved in only 14.4% of men and in 30.9% of women. The need for combination therapy of hypertension is as high as 70.7%. There are well-known benefits of combined antihypertensive therapy allowing for higher efficiency and better tolerability. One of the current combinations is a combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a calcium antagonist, which have pronounced protective activity and metabolic neutrality. Fixed-dose combinations have substantial advantages over free ones, contributing to improving patient compliance with the used treatment regimen. Dyslipidemia is present in 60.7% of the hypertensive patients. Nonetheless, only 9.7% of Russian patients with coronary heart disease take statins and control of lipid levels remains very poor. The review discusses whether the use of the triple combination lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin is reasonable from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. There are literature data suggesting the high value of this fixed-dose combination in the context of organ protection and the reduced risk of cardiovascular events.
Enteral tube feeding in adult patients with cystic fibrosis and respiratory failure
Authors: Krylova N A , Amelina E L , Krasovsky S A , Karchevskaya N A , Tarabrin E A , Gasanov A M , Ibragimova D F , Golovinsky S V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of nocturnal hyperalimentation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and respiratory failure. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 17 patients older than 18 years (mean age, 25.6±4.2 years) diagnosed with very severe CF (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), < 30%; body mass index (BMI), < 18.5 kg/m); all the patients were on the waiting list for lung transplantation. Nutritional status and pulmonary function parameters, such as body weight, height, BMI, and FEV, were measured at baseline, before and 6 and 9 months after tube feeding. Results. The study group showed a considerable increase in body weight and BMI after 6 and 9 months. The change in lung function was statistically insignificant. Lung transplantation was successfully conducted in 5 patients; 4 died while on the waiting list; the cause of death was respiratory failure. Conclusion. Supplemental PEG tube feeding improves the nutritional status (BMI, body weight) of patients with very severe CF.
ACOS: Clinical and functional features The Russian formulation mesalazine (kansalazine) in the therapy of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sobko E A , Chubarova S V , Demko I V , Loktionova M M , Ishchenko O P , Solovyeva I A , Kraposhina A Yu , Gordeeva N V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To investigate the clinical and functional parameters in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS) versus those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Subjects and methods. A total of 129 people were examined. 51 patients with ACOS were followed up in Group 1; Group 2 included 38 patients with severe asthma; Group 3 consisted of 40 patients with severe COPD. All the patients underwent clinical examination: history data collection, physical examination, evaluation of disease symptoms, and study of respiratory function (spirometry, body plethysmography). Results. ACOS is clinically characterized by considerable demands for emergency drugs and by more frequent asthmatic fits and exacerbations, which require hospitalization. The parameters of bronchial resistance in ACOS were established to be increased throughout the follow-up period and to be comparable with those in patients with COPD. In the patients with ACOS, the severity of pulmonary hyperinflation was associated with increased demands for emergency drugs (r=0.59; p=0.015). Fixed bronchial obstruction in ACOS can be caused by smoking intensity and duration associated with increased bronchial resistance in expiration (r=0.51; p=0.003) and intrathoracic volume (r=0.71; p=0.0001); as well as increased body mass index (p
Evaluation of the extent of interstitial fibrosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal oral mucosa and oral epithelial dysplasia.
Authors:   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago. Chile., Yañez Lilaj , Peralta Claudio ,   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago. Chile., Somarriva Carolina ,   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago. Chile., Fernández Alejandra ,   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello. Santiago. Chile.
Published: February 2018

Objective: To evaluate the extent of interstitial fibrosis in samples of normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and method: Descriptive study. Eighteen samples of NOM, 15 samples of OED, and 13 samples of OSCC were analyzed; all stained with Masson’s trichrome stain. The areas of greatest fibrosis underlying the normal, dysplastic, and malignant neoplastic oral epithelium were identified in order to determine the extent of interstitial fibrosis. Interstitial fibrosis was classified according to its proportion in the total image, being 0 (without fibrosis), +1 (1-25%), 2+ (26-50%), 3+ (51-75%) and +4 (76-100%). Variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s Pairwise post-hoc test. Results: The samples of NOM and OED did not present interstitial fibrosis (type 0) in the majority of the cases respectively. OSCC samples were characterized by an extension of type 2+ interstitial fibrosis in 45% of all cases of OSCC. The extent of interstitial fibrosis was different between NOM and OSCC (p<0.001), and between OED and OSCC (p<0.001). Conclusion: The extent of interstitial fibrosis is directly proportional to the malignization of the analyzed samples, being an adequate marker for OSCC.
Design of a prototype generator based on piezoelectric power generation for vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Nyamayoka Lumbumba Taty-Etienne , Adewumi Gloria Adedayo , Inambao Freddie Liswaniso
Published: February 2018

The concept of harvesting energy in the ambient environment arouses great interest because of the demand for wireless sensing devices and low-power electronics without external power supply. Harvesting energy by vibration with piezoelectric materials can be used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. This conversion of vibrations (mechanical energy) to electrical energy using piezoelectric materials is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. In this context, the goal of this paper is to develop a comprehensive prototype generator that can harvest vibration energy and convert it to electrical energy by providing the output power for optimisation and its performance. Two setups of prototype are used: a cantilever beam with tip mass at the end, and a cantilever beam without tip mass at the end. Data from the experiment is compared and analysed using MatLab. The results show that the power output of the prototype with the tip mass is greater than the power output without the tip mass. The experimental results led to a power optimisation from that prototype by different characteristic of piezoelectric ceramic plate.
Predicting clear-sky global horizontal irradiance at eight locations in South Africa using four models
Authors: Zhandire Evans
Published: February 2018

Solar radiation under clear-sky conditions provides information about the maximum possible magnitude of the solar resource available at a location of interest. This information is useful for determining the limits of solar energy use in applications such as thermal and electrical energy generation. Measurements of solar irradiance to provide this information are limited by the associated cost. It is therefore of great interest and importance to develop models that generate these data in lieu of measurements. This study focused on four such models: Ineichen-Perez (I-P), European Solar Radiation Atlas model (ESRA), multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) models. These models were calibrated and tested using solar irradiance data measured at eight different locations in South Africa. The I-P model showed the best performance, recording relative root mean square errors of less than 2% across all hours, months and locations. The performances of the MLPNN and RBFNN were poor when averaged over all stations, but tended to show performance similar to that of the I-P model for some of the stations. The ESRA model showed performance that was in between that of the Artificial Neural Networks and that of the I-P model.
A metric to quantify analogous conditions and rank environmental layers
Authors: Lowenberg Neto Peter
Published: February 2018

Analogous conditions in environmental variables are expected because environments are spatially autocorrelated and often present similar combinations over geographic space. That similar environmental combinations may be found at different localities provides a crucial basis for correlative species distribution modeling. An absolutely analogous variable is constant, while a non-analogous variable has no-repeating values, yet no current method allows researchers to quantify intermediate degrees of analogous conditions and rank environmental layers. I approached this issue from the perspective of dual-space correspondence, in which (a) variable range and modal frequency have a theoretical inverse relationship (y ∝ x-1), and (b) modal values of frequency are limited by the number of pixels in a given raster layer. For two geographic extents and two resolutions (2.5’ and 10’), I obtained range and modal frequency of 19 bioclimatic variables and 5 reference variables. Then, I measured Euclidean distances from candidate variables to the non-analogous variable as a metric for degree of analogous conditions, which were used to rank variables. Bioclimatic layers were plotted in log-log scatterplots of range vs. modal frequency; variables were located inside the upper-right triangle (except for one set), and no layer fit the inverse model. Temperature variables presented higher degrees of analogous conditions than precipitation for South America and the Araucaria Moist Forests ecoregion. Geographic extent and pixel resolution changed the degree of analogous conditions of derived variables (quarterly and monthly); however, a pattern of change was not observed, which suggested ad hoc hypotheses on geographic and temporal idiosyncrasies. Variables with high contribution in previous SDM/ENM studies (e.g., temperature seasonality and annual precipitation) showed low degree of analogous conditions. It is expected that heterogeneous layers would generate better correlational geographic distributional predictions than analogous variables, even though this hypothesis remains untested. Ranking layers can provide grounds for selecting variables in distribution and niche modeling, particularly as regards interpreting spatial projection and transferability. Alternatively, ranking can be used to compare degrees of analogous conditions of the same layer in different time spans.
Editorial
Authors: Miranda Limachi Keila Ester
Published: February 2018

Editorial
Estilos de apego y conductas autodestructivas en agentes en actividad de la Policía Nacional del Perú de Lima
Authors: Solórzano Ramirez Yossy , Berrocal Chirinos Briseida , Vilca Quiro Wildman
Published: February 2018

Objetivos: determinar si existe asociación entre estilos de apego y conductas autodestructivas en agentes en actividad en la Policía Nacional del Perú de Lima, 2016. Materiales y Métodos: El tipo de estudio fue cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo-correlacional y de corte transversal. La muestra fue 300 agentes cuyas edades oscilaban entre 20 a 55 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Modelos Internos de Relaciones de Apego (CaMiR) y Escala de Conductas Autodestructivas de Kelley (Validado por Ponce, 2007). Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que sí existe asociación significativa entre las variables de estudio (x2= 24786,155, p=.003). Conclusiones: existe asociación significativa entre estilo de apego preocupado y conductas autodestructivas en niveles altos.
Nivel de conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable y grado de aceptabilidad de menús, por estudiantes residentes del Servicio de alimentación de una universidad privada de Lima
Authors: Aguirre Paredes Zulma Elisa , Ccoto Huallpa Sonia
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: Determinar la relación del nivel de conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable y grado de aceptabilidad de los menús del servicio de alimentación por los estudiantes residentes de una universidad privada de Lima, 2016. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 268 estudiantes seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Se diseñó el cuestionario para medir nivel de conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable con una confiabilidad de 0.732, y el segundo para medir el grado de aceptabilidad de los menús con una confiabilidad de 0.926, aplicado a estudiantes universitarios del servicio de alimentación durante una semana. Resultados: Muestran que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable y grado de aceptabilidad de los menús ofrecidos por el servicio de alimentación de una universidad privada de Lima (p=0,300). Con respecto al nivel de conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable 53.4% tiene un nivel regular y solo el 43.3% tiene un nivel alto. Por otro lado, el 56% tienen regular grado de aceptabilidad de los menús ofrecidos. Conclusiones: Se concluye que no existe correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable y el grado de aceptabilidad de los menús del servicio de alimentación.
Resiliencia materna y ajuste parental ante la discapacidad en madres de Centros Educativos Básicos Especiales de Lima Este
Authors: Tumbaco Choez Liliana , Briones Espichan Paola , Farfán Rodríguez Daniel
Published: February 2018

Objetivos: Tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la relación significativa entre resiliencia materna y ajuste parental ante la discapacidad en madres de Centros Educativos Básicos Especiales de Lima este, 2016. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio es de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de alcance correlacional. Se contó con la participación de 98 madres cuyas edades están comprendidas entre 20 a 59 años con hijos de diferentes discapacidades. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Resiliencia Materna diseñada por Roque, Acle y García (2009) y el Cuestionario de Actitud Parental ante la Discapacidad por Fernández, Oliva y Calderón (2013). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que, entre resiliencia materna y ajuste parental ante la discapacidad, existe asociación significativa (x2 = 16.267, p ˂ 0.05). Conclusiones: Es decir, las madres que tienen altos índices de resiliencia presentan mayor adaptación ante una adversidad, y el 2% de las madres que están en la fase de shock presentan niveles bajos de resiliencia.
Western Blot Protocol v1
Authors: Xia Cj
Published: February 2018

Western blotting WB (immunoblotting) is a widely practicedanalytical technique to detect target proteins within samplesusing antigen-specific antibodies. WB involves two majorprocesses: Separation of soluble proteins into discrete bands andtransfer of those proteins onto a solid matrix for subsequentanalysis by immunological probes. Under standard denaturing conditions, SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is used to separate sampleproteins based on polypeptide length. The separated proteinsare transferred (blotted) onto a membrane matrix ofnitrocellulose or PVDF where they are stained with antibodyprobes specific to target protein antigens. Typically, blots areincubated with antibodies against the antigen of interestfollowed by a secondary antibody and detection. Analysis of protein migration and the intensity of chromogenic,chemiluminescent, or fluorescent signals offer proteinexpression details from cells or tissue homogenates. Whencoupled with high-resolution gel electrophoresis, antibodies ofstrong avidity and specificity to target antigens, and robust signalreporting, Western blotting can detect picogram quantities ofprotein.
Flow Cytometry Protocol v1
Authors: Xia Cj
Published: February 2018

Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialized type of flow cytometryused for sorting and analyzing a heterogeneous mixture of cells into different subpopulations based on the specific light scattering and fluorescent characteristics(from the specific labels) of each cell. The number of measurable parameters thatcan be used by this technology to separate cell populations is immense – startingfrom simple surface immunophenotyping to metabolic functions, cell cycle status,redox state, and DNA content analysis to name a few. Since its inception, FACS has been used extensively in biomedical research andclinical diagnostics and therapeutics. The most common usage of FACS is seen in:- Analysis of whole human blood for diagnosing diseases, immunophenotyping- Sorting different blood cell fractions for ex-vivo manipulations and/ortransplantations- Immuno-phenotypic analysis of murine blood to identify transgenic/knockoutanimals- Sorting and analysis of a slew of cell lines for various biological assays- Characterization and isolation of rare cells types like adult stem cells andcancer initiating cells Each human cell expresses hundreds of thousands of cell surface antigens thatspecify their cell type, biological function, development stage, and much more. Cellsresiding in different organs have characteristic cell surface antigens, anddetermination of these cells using the specific fluorophore-conjugated antibodies canbe analyzed by flow cytometry. The following general protocols are recommendedfor various common FACS staining procedures. Staining with unconjugated purifiedantibody needs an additional step of staining with a fluorescent conjugatedsecondary antibody (indirect immunostaining).
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON STRUCTURE PARAMETERS AND PROPERTIES OF CEMENT SYSTEMS WITH ORGANO-MINERAL MODIFIERS
Authors: SHEYNFELD Andrey V. , KAPRIELOV Semyon S. , CHILIN Igor A.
Published: February 2018

The article views changes in strength, phase composition of new growths and diff erential porosity of ultra-high-strength cement systems with organo-mineral modifi er under three temperature modes: under normal conditions at the temperature of 20 °C, after steam treatment at 80 °C and after heat treatment at 200°C. It is shown that the heat treatment at 200 °C signifi cantly modifi es the phase composition and pore structure of cement systems and allows to increase the strength of fi ne grain concrete by 42% and bring it to 188 MPa, what makes possible to refer it to ultra-high-strength concretes, defi ned as «Reactive Powder Concrete».
WORLD EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMFORTABLE LIVING ENVIRONMENT FOR MIDDLE CLASS
Authors: IGNATEV Ivan A. , POTIENKO Natalia D.
Published: February 2018

The paper views the concept of comfortable living environment, gives its definition in terms of architecture. World experience in designing and contruction of comfortable living environment for middle class population, the main trends of its development in different historic periods are considered. The historical process is divided into 5 distinctive periods, each of which provides a succinct analysis of design and construction practices in different aspects: functional structure, planning solution of inhabited cells, compositional and stylistic solution, technical equipment. Conclusions are made about trends space planning, design and engineering solutions elements of comfortable living environment in Russia for a rising middle class. The analysis of the generalized historical experience allows to give a prognosis for the further development of the living environment.
COMPOSITIONAL AND SPACIAL REORGANIZATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT. SCENERY SPOTS METHOD
Authors: KOLESNIKOV Sergey A.
Published: February 2018

In the article the problem of compositional and special reorganization of urban environment is viewed. «Urban environment » is a complex of elements consisting of city space frame (complex of buildings and scale of city areas gardening and rehabilitation), open spaces, sculpted surface color solutions, individuality of architectural millworks and rehabilitation elements. The research is based on analysis of complex solutions for urban environment development with scenery spots method. General characteristic of contemporary state of Samara city environment is given, compositional and spatial resources of urban area development are revealed. New-term outlook of urban development is proposed.
WAYS OF ENERGY SAVING
Authors: ZIMIN Lev S. , YEGHIAZARYAN Alexandra S.
Published: February 2018

The article views energy saving as motive force for sustainable economic growth in Russia. Electrical energy is a product which determines performance indicators of industrial enterprises, production quality, equipment and apparatus reliability and even mental health of people. The role of education and competence development in the fi eld of energy saving is highlighted. The optimization of energy intensive technologies is also very eff ective. The authors prove that electrical energy is the most ecological energy form, it is more eff ective for usage than mineral fuel. Possible ways of energy saving are studied at operating objects as well as objects in design.
EVALUATION OF HEAT PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDINGS WITH INTERMITTENT HEATING INSULATED WITH SANDLESS COARSE-POROUS EXPANDED CLAY CONCRETE
Authors: BELYAKOV Igor G.
Published: February 2018

Mathematical modeling of process of nonstationary heat transfer through walling exploited in intermitt ent heating conditions is viewed. Analytical dependence is revealed for fi nding of maximum permissible thickness of heat insulation layer providing required heating time. Based on this procedure the results of calculation of outer walls diff erent variants are presented. Comparative analysis of heating time of walling insulated with sandless coarse-porous expanded clay concrete.
WATER PURIFICATION FROM BARIUM AND HARDNESS SALTS
Authors: NAZAROV Vladimir D. , NAZAROV Maksim V. , OSIPOVA Anna A. , DIMOV Kirill V. , DRYOMINA Maria A.
Published: February 2018

The methodology of improvement of drink water quality is developed: hardness salts and barium elimination. Diff erent ways of water purifi cation as electrochemical fi ltration, pulp fi ltration with reactants in one step, pulp fi ltration with reactants in two steps are shown. In the article it is proved that water under study could be raised to sanitary norms 2.1.4.1074-01 only with specifi c purifi cation technology developed for water supply source.
TEXTILE SYNTHETIC SHEETS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF CONCRETE-FILLED TEXTILE FLOOR-MATS
Authors: MIKHASEK Andrey A. , RODIONOV Maxim V. , LITVINOVA Margarita G.
Published: February 2018

The calculation of the strength of concrete slabs load bearing capacity does not take into account synthetic sheets impact while calculating concrete-fi lled textile fl oor-mats. Further studies are proposed to assess the impact of sheets in laboratory environments. The authors base their study on the properties of concrete-fi lled textile fl oor-mats as fl exible beams and on synthetic sheets impact on strength indicators. The paper presents a laboratory study results obtained under diff erent conditions of textile synthetic sheets impact on concrete-fi lled textile fl oor-mats load bearing capacity. It provides a function to determine a mat thickness from the condition of its strength.
METROPOLIS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: METHODS OF SOLUTION
Authors: GVOZDOVSKY Viktor I. , KNYAZEVA Marianna N. , SIZOVA Arina I.
Published: February 2018

The paper examines challenging environmental issues of Russian landscape territories, related to anthropogenic impacts on human’s natural habitat and dangerous Earth biosphere pollution by toxic chemical substances. The research provides a structural classifi cation of city types by population and size of their territory. The authors give recommendations for nature protection (environmental) measures necessary for a large city (being a standard of comfortable human habitat) against degradation and destruction in order to preserve environmental security and sound functioning of an urban habitat complex system of an intelligent person.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DELIMITATIONS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS
Authors: MONASTYRSKAYA Marina Ye. , PESLYAK Oksana A.
Published: February 2018

The approaches to delimitation of urban agglomerations formed by European science and practice are analyzed and summarized in the present work. The essential defi nitional analysis of the concepts of «urban agglomeration», «urban area», «metropolitan area», «urban region», «metropolitan region» is conducted. The main algorithms of delimitation of urban agglomerations used in the fi elds of urbanology, management, statistics, economic geography are classifi ed. The current trends in the development and improvement of methods of delimitation of agglomerations proposed by European researchers are identifi ed.
ARCHITECTURAL-TYPOLOGICAL PRIORITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: VAVILOVA Tatiana Ya. , KAYASOVA Daria S. , LUKYANOVA Yulia A.
Published: February 2018

The research task of this paper was to identify the topical areas of improving the quality of urban environment and to generalize of approaches to ensuring its sustainable development. International and Russian trends in the formaition formation and the optimization of infrastructure of community facilities (rental housing, health care, education, culture and art, physical training, sport and tourism, social maintenance) and engineering-communal services of cities was are treated. The authors revealed certain regularities between demographic, economic and recreational capacity of territories and the consumer properties of the urban environment. Att ention is focused on the issues of quantitative correspondence of the network of necessary infrastructure facilities and improvement of the quality of design solutions. Current trends that correspond to the tasks of reducing the anthropogenic impact of buildings on the environment are also shown.
DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF PRISMATIC SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INTERNAL FRICTION
Authors: VRONSKAYA Elena S.
Published: February 2018

The paper shows a possibility of including a frequency-independent viscoelastic design resistance in calculation models representing composite structures with distributed parameters. Diff erential equations of the system motion include parameters of complex rigidity. The research puts forward a solution which helps solve stationary and non-stationary dynamic problems taking internal friction into account. This solution is found by using the calculation algorithm for prismatic shells involving the use of topological matrices. In the process of separation of variables, this approach yields a diff erential equation of linear oscillator motion with frequency-independent viscoelastic resistance.