bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of School-Day Disruption of Administering School-Located Vaccination to Children in Three Local Areas, 2012–2013 School Year
Authors: Yarnoff Ben , Wagner Laura Danielle , Honeycutt Amanda A. , Vogt Tara M.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of time elementary and middle-school students spend away from the classroom and clinic time required to administer vaccines in school-located vaccination (SLV) clinics. We conducted a time study and estimated average time away from class and time to administer vaccine by health department (HD), student grade level, vaccine type, and vaccination process for SLV clinics during the 2012–2013 school year. Average time away from classroom was 10 min (sample: 688 students, 15 schools, three participating HD districts). Overall, time to administer intranasally administered influenza vaccine was nearly half the time to administer injected vaccine (52.5 vs. 101.7 s) (sample: 330 students, two HDs). SLV administration requires minimal time outside of class for elementary and middle-school students. SLV clinics may be an efficient way to administer catch-up vaccines to children who missed routine vaccinations during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.
Immigrants Serving in Local Government: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Candidacy and Election
Authors: Ghaem-Maghami Shervin , Kuuire Vincent Z.
Published: August 2021

Descriptive representation, the extent to which politicians reflect the descriptive characteristics (e.g., ethnicity or gender) of their constituents, has been studied at various scales since it was first introduced in Hanna Pitkin's seminal work several decades ago. In recent years, scholars have also begun to investigate immigrant representation in politics, including at the local, state, and national levels of government. This study evaluates the current research on the factors affecting the election of immigrant candidates to municipal government. In addressing the lack of data-driven reviews in this type of research, the paper employs a scoping review methodological framework. Fifty-six distinct factors are identified as important for immigrants’ electoral fortunes. The factors are classified under: Macro-level electoral structures and situational elements, meso-level immigrant group dynamics, and micro-level individual candidate characteristics. The most salient factors are elaborated on, together with a discussion on policy implications and future potential areas of inquiry.
Human Hubris, Anthropogenic Climate Change, and an Environmental Ethic of Humility
Authors: Sadler-Smith Eugene , Akstinaite Vita
Published: August 2021

This article is about how hubris, individually and collectively, has contributed to the climate emergency and how an environmental ethic of humility could play an ameliorating role in the crisis. It focuses on the relationship between virtue ethics and the natural environment, and it argues that a collective “human hubris” (“The Problem”) has contributed significantly to anthropogenic climate change and that a “humility-based approach” toward the environment that entails an appreciation of humanity’s proper place in the natural order (“A Solution”). In it, we combine theories from the social and environmental sciences to propose an environmental ethic of humility as an “antidote” to human hubris by which leaders and other stakeholders could steer institutions, organisations, and behaviour towards environmental virtuousness. We also suggest the environmental ethic of humility as a benchmark against which stakeholders could be held to account for the environmental impacts of their actions. The article discusses the implications of hubris and humility in the areas governance, consumer behaviour, reputation, learning and education, accountability, and critical reflexivity.
The Copycat Effect: Do Hotel-Like Features Drive Airbnb Performance?
Authors: Xie Karen L. , Young Cheri A.
Published: August 2021

While touting its distinctiveness from conventional hotels, Airbnb listings are appearing increasingly like hotels with professional features such as “instant booking” and “work collection” distinction. Does such isomorphism provide a financial advantage to Airbnb? Using large-scale Airbnb trajectory data from 10 major U.S. metropolitan areas over 3 years, we find superior financial performance for Airbnb listings that imitate hotels compared with those that do not. Yet, as more Airbnb listings enter a local market, the performance-driving advantage of work collection is attenuated while instant booking becomes stronger. Suggestions for future research regarding a legitimacy-tipping point in institutional theory are provided.
Effect of intracorneal ring segment implantation on high order aberrations comparing patients with eccentric versus central keratoconus
Authors: Anders Philipp , Anders Lisa-Marie , Elalfy Mohamed , Hamada Samer , Seitz Berthold , Gatzioufas Zisis
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

To assess potential differences between central and eccentric cones in the aberrometric corneal profile and in visual and keratometric outcomes 6 months after intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation for keratoconus.

Methods:

This study compared two groups consisting of 12 patients each, with central or eccentric keratoconus who were treated with femtosecond laser-assisted Keraring implantation. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, keratometric readings and higher order aberrations (HOAs) including high order aberrations root mean square (HOARMS), coma, spherical aberration and trefoil were measured preoperatively and 6 months after ICRS implantation.

Results:

Trefoil and spherical aberration were significantly reduced after ICRS implantation compared to preoperative values in eccentric keratoconus (Trefoil, p = 0.0049; Spherical aberration, p < 0.0001). In central keratoconus spherical aberration was reduced not significantly after ICRS implantation compared to preoperative values ( p = 0.087). Coma showed a significant reduction in central ( p = 0.0001) and in eccentric keratoconus ( p = 0.0001). The reduction of spherical aberration in central keratoconus was significantly positively correlated to improvement in UDVA (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = −0.66; p = 0.02). In eccentric keratoconus there was a significant positive correlation between reduction of trefoil and improvement in UDVA (Spearmans R, r = −0.69; p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Patients both with central and eccentric keratoconus benefit from ICRS implantation. Specifically, our data provide a slightly higher gain in visual performance for eccentric cones 6 month after ICRS implantation, which is accentuated by a greater reduction in spherical aberration and trefoil. Improvements in UDVA are positively correlated with reductions in HOAs.
An instructor’s beat gestures facilitate second language vocabulary learning from instructional videos: Behavioral and neural evidence
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Zhu Fangfang , Zhang Yi , Yang Jiumin
Published: August 2021

Instructional videos for teaching second language (L2) vocabulary often feature an instructor onscreen. The instructor in the video may involuntarily produce beat gestures with their hands, as occurs in real teaching settings. Beat gestures highlight key information in speech by conveying the rhythm of the language, but do not themselves convey semantic meaning. However, little is known about how the instructor’s beat gestures affect L2 vocabulary learning. We conducted two experiments on the effects of the instructor’s purposeful (scripted) beat gestures in instructional videos that included an instructor and slides, with English L2 vocabulary as the topic. In Experiment 1, using a within-participant design, we tested the hypothesis that an instructor’s gestures (beat gesture vs. no gesture) would improve learning performance. The results showed that the instructor’s use of beat gestures increased learners’ accuracy and reduced reaction time on an L2 learning performance test. In Experiment 2, using a between-participants design, we tested the assumption that the benefits of beat gestures in L2 vocabulary learning are in part due to reductions in cognitive load while learning. This assumption was supported by both a self-report measurement of cognitive load and electroencephalogram (EEG) data showing lower theta power and lower alpha power when the instructor used beat gestures. The results of this study have applied value for designing effective instructional videos on the topic of L2 vocabulary learning.
Experience and impact of the 1-2-3 magic parent programme for children with ADHD on the family unit from the mothers’ perspectives: A narrative analysis
Authors: Allen Stephanie , Bradley Stephen K , Savage Eileen
Published: August 2021

Parent programmes are often used in the clinical management of children with ADHD. Research into parent programmes has predominantly been concerned with their effectiveness and much less attention has been paid to the impact that they may be having on the family and the inter-relationships between family members. This study explores the perspectives and experiences of parents of children with ADHD, who participated in a parent programme, including its impact on the family unit. A purposive sample of six mothers of children with ADHD who completed a 1-2-3 Magic parent programme in Ireland was invited to take part in this qualitative study. Data were collected by means of individual in-depth, semi-structured interviews and a narrative inquiry approach further informed analysis of the interview data. Two major narrative constructions of experience: ‘parent programme as positive’ and ‘parent programme as negative’ were identified. Outcomes from this study illustrated some unintended consequences caused by the parent programme (i.e. sibling rivalry and conflict arising between family members). Mothers believed that the parent programme was a beneficial intervention, but it was not without its flaws and they felt it was helpful for their family when used in conjunction with other supports and mediations.
Gendering the history of cinemagoing in Izmir, Turkey: Middle-class women’s experiences of cinema in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Kaya Dilek
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on cinemagoing in Izmir (the third largest city in Turkey) in the 1960s and the 1970s, when the city developed a vibrant cinema culture with its numerous winter and summer cinemas. It attempts to undo the problematic conceptions of homogeneous audiences and cinemagoing experiences by focusing on how gender shaped and constructed the experiences of middle-class audiences. The primary source material for the article is qualitative data obtained from 62 oral history interviews, in addition to the contents of local newspapers and film industry magazines. The article argues that although, for women, cinemagoing was a very meaningful event in itself, it was not a wholly free and easily pleasurable activity. It also suggests that women, like men, went to the cinema to see a variety of films more than they went to socialize, and their choice of films was not limited to supposedly women’s genres. Overall, the article attempts to break with the nostalgic tone in popular and academic discussions of cinemagoing in Izmir and other cities in Turkey. It shows that cinema in Izmir, and possibly elsewhere in Turkey, was not just a forum of collective entertainment and pleasure, but also a locus of struggle.
Dirt(y) media: Dirt in ecological media art practices
Authors: Kelly Caleb
Published: August 2021

While we may imagine that the unblemished surfaces of our shiny devices are free from the grime of the everyday – flawless and pure – we do not have to dig far below the surface to find that these technologies are anything but untainted and dirt-free. This realisation is at the heart of a shift in international media art towards materials based media. While there have been numerous books and papers describing a materials based media within the notion of ‘media ecologies’, there is more to be learnt from media art, an area that both critiques media and information, and which develops practices that engage in issues around the materiality of media technologies. This article will specifically address dirt through media ecologies by investigating how media artists have made their work literally dirty. The first section of the article critically addresses the notion of media as being material, as opposed to the imagined as pristine, pure and immaterial, and being so, is able to become dirty. The second section looks to a pre-history of dirt(y) media found in the work of artists Milan Knížák and Christian Marclay. The remainder of the article discusses a shift in the approach to contemporary media art that turns away from the digital studio towards a resolutely analogue and physical practice.
Fatherhood and gender relations in the manosphere: Exploring an Italian non-resident fathers’ online forum
Authors: Cannito Maddalena , Mercuri Eugenia
Published: August 2021

In the last few years, the informal network – called manosphere – of forums, websites and blogs, where commentators are mainly men and focus on issues relating to masculinity, has been gaining members and visibility. The article’s objective is to explore the politics of fatherhood and masculinity that an Italian non-resident fathers’ online forum engages in to assess whether the claims for fathers’ rights are a move towards a new form of involved fatherhood or if they are only useful to rebuild a solid traditional male identity. By conducting an explorative content analysis on their Facebook group and page, we found that fatherhood is an ‘empty box’ and that fathers’ rights are used in a strategic way to justify hegemonic masculinity, gender-based violence, as well as antifeminist and antifeminine ideas, and to promote political advocacy cooperating with right-wing parties. The article also reflects on the connections between hegemony and power using the concept of hybrid masculinities.
The political signification of riots: A dispositive perspective on the 2011 England riots
Authors: Gøtzsche-Astrup Johan
Published: August 2021

This article suggests a new perspective on the political signification of riots, using the 2011 England riots as a case. The sociological literature tends to look for the political signification of riots in the riots themselves. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s notion of the dispositive, the article develops a new approach that analyses the optical grids in which riots are made visible as objects for thought and action that can be either political or apolitical. By analysing the case of the 2011 England riots, the article shows how the dispositives that made the riots visible make it possible to ascribe a both obscure and radical political signification to the riots. The article opens up a new line of inquiry about the relation between riots and politics, and allows us to reconsider the political signification of riots.
Populism and plebiscitarianism 2.0: How Podemos used digital platforms for organization and decision-making
Authors: de Nadal Lluis
Published: August 2021

Using the Spanish party Podemos as a case study, this article opens up a dialogue between researchers in the fields of populist communication and the digitization of political parties. Research has persuasively shown how the participatory promise of digital parties often degenerated into “plebiscitarianism 2.0.” However, partly because of the mutual disengagement between these fields, the mismatch between promise and reality remains poorly understood. This article argues that, in the case of Podemos, this gap arises from the party’s populist project to turn widespread public disaffection into political power—a project that, as populism typically does, involved the use of plebiscitarian linkages and, therefore, was contradictory to the promise of promoting participatory democracy. By bridging the gap between populism and digital party research, this article calls attention to how populist actors use digital media not only to bypass traditional gatekeepers but also to replace political parties with online plebiscites.
Research on coordination design method of main bearing assembly structure based on the maximum radial deformation of bearing bush
Authors: Zhao Xin , Su Tiexiong , Liu Xiaoyong , Feng Yunpeng
Published: August 2021

Aiming at the difficulty of control and evaluation of main bearing deformation in the coordination design of the main bearing assembly structure for a high-speed diesel engine, taking MRD (the MRD means the maximum radial deformation of the bearing bush) of the bearing bush as an index to evaluate the out-of-round deformation of the bearing bush was proposed in this paper. The numerical calculation method of the MRD was given and the correctness of the method was experimentally verified. And the influence rules of different design parameters on the MRD were analyzed. On this basis, the coordination multi-objective optimization research of the main bearing assembly structure was carried out, and the optimization results were analyzed based on the influence rules of different design parameters on the reliability indexes. The results show that, when the pre-tightening force of the vertical bolt and the bearing bush interference are 240 kN and 0.17 mm respectively, the MRD reaches the minimum value. If the two values continue to increase, redundant loads can be generated, leading to the increase of the MRD. After optimization, the engine block strength coordination and bearing cap strength coordination had increased by 2.47% and 10.48%, respectively, and the deformation coordination and contact coordination had increased by 46.15% and 14.84%, respectively.
Seek common ground local culture while reserving difference: Exploring types of souvenir attributes by Ethnic Chinese people
Authors: Chang Te-Yi , Hung Shih-Feng , Tang Shu
Published: August 2021

Purchasing souvenirs is an important travel shopping behaviour in the tourist industry. Multiple studies have explored dimensions related to a souvenir. However, the attributes of souvenirs are inconsistent and few studies have explored from tourists’ perspective the customer value of the souvenirs they purchased. Using food souvenirs as an example, this study adopted the means-end chains approach to explore the consumer value of food souvenirs purchased by tourists. Based on the attribute–consequence–value linkages, food souvenir attributes most important to tourists were identified, and subsequently, the product attributes for food souvenirs were determined. This study found that when choosing which food souvenirs to buy, tourists perceived the following nine major attributes as important: good taste, shareability, convenient, nostalgia and unique, human warmth, authenticity, local characteristics, famous and representative. The findings of this study can serve as reference for helping business industry to design products. This study recommends incorporating these nine attributes and local characteristics into destination tourism development to closely resonate with the needs of tourists and strengthen tourists’ perception and impression of the customs of destination tourism industry.
A short ethnography of twenty-first century consumers: On retail rage and one-dimensionality
Authors: Bingham Kevin P.
Published: August 2021

This article begins with two central ideas – that feelings of rage appear to be on the increase in present modernity and that one of the main sources of rage is directly linked to consumer culture and the retail experience it fosters. Although retail trade allows twenty-first century individuals to spend their money on material goods and experiences which provide structure and a sense of meaning and belonging, what it also causes is ambivalence, insecurity and anxiety. These are formidable feelings that cause irritation, frustration and anger to gradually fester until it accumulates into something violent that distorts the way an individual thinks, acts and treats other people. With these points in mind, what this article provides is a thorough sociological interpretation of twenty-first century retail rage. Veering away from existing interpretations of rage by drawing on Herbert Marcuse’s analysis and image of a one-dimensional society, what this article explores is the idea that retail experiences turn people into individuals who are bound and controlled by a consumer duty. As I contend, based on my unique position as a researcher turned retail worker, it is this administered, one-dimensional kind of lifestyle that cultivates rage. To support my argument and understand more comprehensively how and why retail breeds frustration and anger, I use a selection of narrative episodes to unpack three key sources of consumer rage in the twenty-first century. These sources have been labelled instantaneity, performativity and unfulfillment.
Teacher’s creation of conditions for peer interactions and relationships
Authors: Neri Tejada Jillianne , Hammer Marie , Li Liang
Published: August 2021

Teachers have the ability to influence a child’s sense of belonging and peer relationships in the classroom which are important for a child’s social development. Currently, little is known about the ways in which they do this. Vygotsky’s concept of the social situation of development and Hedegaard’s model for learning and development were used to discuss the conditions teachers created that promote peer relationships within the classroom. Digital video observations and interview of one grade 1 classroom teacher from the western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria were analysed using Hedegaard’s dialectical-interactive approach. This paper demonstrates how the societal demands on institutions influence the activity settings that students participate in and argues that teachers need to create conditions for peer interactions that satisfy societal needs as well as being meaningful for their students and their social situation of development.
The Intersection of Cultural Context and Research Encounter: Focus on Interviewing in Qualitative Research
Authors: Bayeck Rebecca Yvonne
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the influence of the cultural context on the interview process. With literature demonstrating the role of spatial context on interviews, the article contends that similar consideration should be given to cultural contexts of research studies. Focusing on the cultural context where the interview takes place and the interactions during the interview can help researchers understand and analyze interview material. Interview forms such as conversation/interview bombing emerged from the interaction of cultural context with the interview process. This points to the need for qualitative researchers to explore how the cultural context shapes their research encounter. Such focus will expand the literature on the forms of interview emerging from the intersection of cultural context and interviewing as well as research on spatiality and interview.
Stability analysis of shock response of EV powertrain considering electro-mechanical coupling effect
Authors: Han Qingzhen , Niu Shiqin , You Jie
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this manuscript is to analyze the stability of the shock response of the electric vehicle (EV) powertrain when considering the electro-mechanical coupling effect. The nonlinear drive-shaft model of the powertrain is built using the Lagrange method, based on which the shock response equation is also deduced. Meanwhile, the number and properties of the equilibrium points are studied. Two kinds of equilibrium points, saddle node and central point, which can induce different dynamic behaviors are found. The simulation results show that the trajectory of the shock response may be unstable if the parameters are chosen in the region that has a saddle node. If the parameters of the powertrain fall into the region that has only one central point, the trajectory of the shock response will be attracted by the stable limit cycle. Therefore, to ensure that the shock response is more stable, the parameters should be chosen in the region where only one central point is present.
Fluid flow and convection heat transfer in concentric and eccentric cylindrical annuli of different radii ratios for Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow
Authors: Abou-Ziyan Hosny , Ameen Reda , Elsayed Khairy
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the results of fluid flow and convection heat transfer in concentric and eccentric annuli between two cylinders using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. Effects of rotational speed ( n = 0, 150, 300, and 400 rpm) and eccentricity (ε = 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6) on axial and tangential velocity distribution, pressure drop and forced convection heat transfer are investigated for radii ratios (η) of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, Reynolds number 2.0 × 103–1.236 × 105, Taylor number 1.47 × 106–1.6 × 1010, and Prandtl number 3.71–6.94. The parameters cover many applications, including rotary heat exchangers, mixers, agitators, etc. Nusselt numbers and friction factors for stationary and rotated concentric and eccentric annuli are correlated with four dimensionless numbers. The results revealed that when the speed of the inner cylinder increases from 0 to 400 rpm, the friction factor increases by 7.7%–103% for concentric and 8.2%–148% for eccentric annuli, whereas Nusselt number enhances by 37%–333% for concentric and 44%–340% for eccentric annuli. The radius ratio has a substantial effect on the heat transfer and pressure drop in annuli. The eccentricity enhances the heat transfer up to 12%, whereas its effect on the friction factor is not monotonic as it depends on Reynolds number, radii ratios, and rotational speed.
Endovascular recanalization and remodeling of abdominal aorta stent graft chronic total occlusion after failed extra-anatomic bypass surgery
Authors: Oguslu Umut , Uyanik Sadık A , Çevik Cenkeri Halime , Atli Eray , Yilmaz Birnur , Gümüş Burçak
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the EVAR graft is a rare and serious complication. Traditionally, surgical intervention with prosthetic graft replacement or bypass graft implantation is performed. However, there are limited data in endovascular era.

Methods

We present a case of a 68-year-old male with a history of late EVAR graft occlusion treated with multiple surgical interventions (femorofemoral crossover, extra-anatomic bypass surgery, and thrombectomy) five years ago. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed thrombosis of the entire bypass graft. Endovascular recanalization and remodeling of the abdominal stent graft CTO was performed with a combination of bare stents and stent grafts. Rupture of the stent graft occurred on the right limb. A second covered stent was placed.

Results

At 12-month follow-up, the patient was symptom free. Color Doppler ultrasound surveillance showed patent aortic stent graft and downstream arteries.

Conclusions

Endovascular recanalization of aortic stent graft CTO is a viable option in patients with failed bypass graft.
World class universities and international student mobility: Repositioning strategies in the Asian Tigers
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly V , Chan Sheng-Ju , Kim Stephanie K , Lo William Yat Wai , Manning Keenan Daniel
Published: August 2021

A major cluster of economic engines that have changed Asian higher education, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan have all developed high-income societies as well as world-class universities which linked local “knowledge economies” to global science and created hubs for international collaborations and mobility. However, there has been limited analysis of interdependencies between the rise of world-class universities and changes in the flows of international talent. This paper elaborates on the concept of higher education internationalization that aims at enhancing geopolitical equity in global mobility and re-positioning local students for improved access to the world-class excellence. The paper compares key themes and patterns that define the Tiger societies’ unique positions in the field of global higher education.
Goitre and thyroid lumps
Authors: Agarwal Tanvi , Priest Callum
Published: August 2021

Thyroid swellings are relatively common; they are three times more common in females than males. The incidence of palpable nodules is approximately 5% in women and 1% in men. Thyroid cancer constitutes less than 1% of all malignancies registered in the UK, with an incidence of approximately 5 per 100 000 women and 2 per 100 000 men. However, thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for more than 90% of cancers of the endocrine glands. Over the last decade the incidence of thyroid cancer in the UK has increased by more than two-thirds (68%).
Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group (MSTCG): position statement on disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (white paper)
Authors: Wiendl Heinz , Gold Ralf , Berger Thomas , Derfuss Tobias , Linker Ralf , Mäurer Mathias , Aktas Orhan , Baum Karl , Berghoff Martin , Bittner Stefan , Chan Andrew , Czaplinski Adam , Deisenhammer Florian , Di Pauli Franziska , Du Pasquier Renaud , Enzinger Christian , Fertl Elisabeth , Gass Achim , Gehring Klaus , Gobbi Claudio , Goebels Norbert , Guger Michael , Haghikia Aiden , Hartung Hans-Peter , Heidenreich Fedor , Hoffmann Olaf , Kallmann Boris , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Klotz Luisa , Leussink Verena I. , Leutmezer Fritz , Limmroth Volker , Lünemann Jan D. , Lutterotti Andreas , Meuth Sven G. , Meyding-Lamadé Uta , Platten Michael , Rieckmann Peter , Schmidt Stephan , Tumani Hayrettin , Weber Frank , Weber Martin S. , Zettl Uwe K. , Ziemssen Tjalf , Zipp Frauke ,   for the ‘Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group’ (MSTCG)
Published: August 2021

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland).
Early outcomes of augmented glenoid components in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Sheth Ujash , Lee James YJ , Nam Diane , Henry Patrick
Published: August 2021

Background

The objective was to evaluate the short-term clinical and radiological outcomes following augmented anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with posterior glenoid deficiency.

Methods

An electronic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed identified studies reporting clinical and radiographic outcomes following augmented anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty among patients with posterior glenoid deficiency.

Results

Nine studies including 312 shoulders underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty using an augmented glenoid implant between 2015 and 2020. A statistically significant improvement in range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant, University of California - Los Angeles and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores was demonstrated at mean follow-up of 37.1 months. Glenoid retroversion improved from 21.8° to 9.5°. At final follow-up, radiolucency was reported in 35.1% of shoulders. The 16° full-wedge augment led to higher and more severe radiographic lucency, while high peg perforation rates (44%) were observed among 5-mm augment stepped implants. The overall rate of complication was 2.6%. Rate of revision surgery was 1.9%.

Conclusions

Overall, early- to mid-term outcomes following augmented anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for posterior glenoid deficiency demonstrate good to excellent overall clinical results. More radiographic and clinical failures were reported in larger full wedge (16°) augments and stepped augments (5 mm). Prospective studies examining mid- and long-term outcomes will help further elucidate safety and efficacy of these relatively new implants.
Circulating TP53 mutations are associated with early tumor progression and poor survival in pancreatic cancer patients treated with FOLFIRINOX
Authors: van der Sijde Fleur , Azmani Zakia , Besselink Marc G. , Bonsing Bert A. , de Groot Jan Willem B. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Haberkorn Brigitte C. M. , Homs Marjolein Y. V. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Janssen Quisette P. , Lolkema Martijn P. , Luelmo Saskia A. C. , Mekenkamp Leonie J. M. , Mustafa Dana A. M. , van Schaik Ron H. N. , Wilmink Johanna W. , Vietsch Eveline E. , van Eijck Casper H. J.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Biomarkers predicting treatment response may be used to stratify pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients for therapy. The aim of this study was to identify circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutations that associate with tumor progression during FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS).

Methods:

Circulating cell-free DNA was analyzed with a 57 gene next-generation sequencing panel using plasma samples of 48 PDAC patients of all disease stages. Patients received FOLFIRINOX as initial treatment. Chemotherapy response was determined on CT scans as disease control ( n = 30) or progressive disease ( n = 18) within eight cycles of FOLFIRINOX, based on RECIST 1.1 criteria.

Results:

Detection of a TP53 ctDNA mutation before start of FOLFIRINOX [odds ratio (OR) 10.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–79.14] and the presence of a homozygous TP53 Pro72Arg germline variant (OR 6.98, 95% CI 1.31–37.30) were predictors of early tumor progression during FOLFIRINOX in multivariable analysis. Five patients presented with the combination of a TP53 ctDNA mutation before start of FOLFIRINOX and the homozygous Pro72Arg variant. All five patients showed progression during FOLFIRINOX. The combination of the TP53 mutation and TP53 germline variant was associated with shorter survival (median OS 4.4 months, 95% CI 2.6–6.2 months) compared with patients without any TP53 alterations (median OS 13.0 months, 95% CI 8.6–17.4 months).

Conclusion:

The combination of a TP53 ctDNA mutation before start of FOLFIRINOX and a homozygous TP53 Pro72Arg variant is a promising biomarker, associated with early tumor progression during FOLFIRINOX and poor OS. The results of this exploratory study need to be validated in an independent cohort.
Nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite precipitation from abalone shell (Haliotis asinina) waste as the bioceramics candidate for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Permatasari Hestining A , Sari Mona , Aminatun  , Suciati Tri , Dahlan Kiagus , Yusuf Yusril
Published: August 2021

In this study, nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite (n-CHAp) was successfully synthesized with abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) as the calcium source using precipitation methods with aging time variations, namely, 0 (without the aging process), 24, and 48 h. Based on an analysis of X-ray diffraction characterization, the spectrum of the n-CHAp is shown for all sample variations in aging time. The results of the calculation of lattice parameter values confirm that the phase formed is the B-type CHAp phase with the increasing crystallinity degree, crystallite size, particle size, and polydispersity which is confirmed by the presence of the CO32- functional group at 1438 cm−1 and 878 cm−1, that is, the B-type carbonate substitution characteristic. The presence of the carbonate ions identified as smaller during the extension of aging time causes the decreasing value of the Ca/P mole ratio but still has a value greater than the HAp Ca/P value (1.67), which is 1.80–1.72. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the nanometer-size of B-type CHAp particles was successfully obtained. According to the criteria for nanostructures, crystallographic properties, carbonate content, and chemical processes, B-type CHAp samples based on abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) are one of the candidates in bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications.
Legal and Ethical Issues of Collecting and Using Online Hospitality Data
Authors: Stringam Betsy , Gerdes John H. , Anderson Chris K.
Published: August 2021

In “Web Scraping for Hospitality Research: Overview, Opportunities, and Implications,” Han and Anderson present the tools and methods for collecting online data through data scraping. Although the article describes in detail the processes for gathering data, and presented recent court rulings that allow data scraping in the United States, it did not adequately address the ethical collection of online data. The internet has opened up new opportunities to research interesting questions and to collect data much faster than has been possible in the past. The emergence of online databases and social media sites enables new lines of research while at the same time introducing new ethical questions for both researchers and institutional research boards (IRBs). Using web-based data for research is not new. However, as Han and Anderson point out, a 2019 ruling ( HiQ Labs, Inc. v. LinkedIn Corporation, appeal from the United States District Court) has redefined what is legal in online data collection. In the following, we highlight some of the key legal and ethical issues around the use of scraped data for academic research with the intent of ensuring researchers, reviewers, and editors are cognizant of some of these (evolving) issues.
The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Retief Francois , Burke Jonathan , Malherbe Annemie , Janson Jacques
Published: August 2021

Bronchoscopy is useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in children with Tuberculosis (TB) disease complicated by airway obstruction. It is needed in children when surgical intervention may be required for airway compression, when drug resistance is suspected, and to rule out an alternative diagnosis for airway obstruction. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) should be performed when other, less invasive samples cannot be collected, or when they fail to provide useful diagnostic information. BAL specimens collected at bronchoscopy can be tested using molecular TB assays and mycobacterial culture.

The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary TB in children, and, specifically, to review the role of interventional bronchoscopy.

A search of electronic databases was undertaken using the online databases PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Advanced Scholar, and Web of Science to identify relevant literature. The search was limited to pediatrics, pulmonology, bronchoscopy, and pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis for all articles published in English on pediatric bronchoscopy between 2010 and 2020. Recent advances in pediatric bronchoscopy was included, as well as recent research on improving the diagnosis with the use of interventional bronchoscopy.

The role of bronchoscopy in pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis has changed during the last decade, from a simple method of collecting samples for bacteriological conformation to an more sophisticate procedure. New methods are available for collecting samples, which includes the use of Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and also better methods of bacteriological conformation. Interventions are now possible; not only to improve the diagnostic abilities of bronchoscopy but also to diagnose, manage, and follow-up upon airway-related complications. Bronchoscopy services remain limited in resource-limited countries due to the high cost of equipment.
The effect of lemborexant for insomnia disorder
Authors: Suzuki Hidenobu , Hibino Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

Background:

Lemborexant has a low dependence potential, less muscle relaxant effect, and less effect on cognitive function. However, there have been no naturalistic reports in Japan clarifying the effect of lemborexant on insomnia disorder. We retrospectively examined the effectiveness of treatment with lemborexant.

Methods:

Insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Efficacy outcome assessment was the Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement scale (CGI-I).

Results:

We analyzed 150 patients (male/female = 57/93) in total. The mean subject age and mean duration of illness were 47.8 ± 19.9 years and 4.2 ± 7.2 years, respectively. The average dose of lemborexant was 5.9 ± 2.0 mg. The mean AIS total score was a significant improved (6.6 ± 3.7–3.9 ± 3.3) ( p < 0.01). The mean CGI-I score was 3.2 ± 0.8. The 24-week continuation rates for lemborexant were 86.7%.

Conclusion:

Similar to the results obtained in previous studies, the CGI-I score, which is one of the objective indicators evaluated by the therapist, and the AIS, which is one of the subjective evaluations of patients, improved as well. The results of this study suggest that lemborexant may be safe and effective in patients with insomnia in real-world clinical practice.
Broadening the scope of task shifting in the organisation of healthcare
Authors: van Tuyl Lilian , Vrijhoef Bert , Laurant Miranda , de Bont Antoinette , Batenburg Ronald
Published: August 2021

Task shifting in healthcare has mainly been initiated and studied as a way to react to/or mitigate workforce shortages. Here, we define task shifting as the structural redistribution of tasks, usually including responsibilities and competencies between different professions. As such, task shifting is commonly focused on highly specialised and trained professionals who hand-over specific, standardised tasks to professionals with lower levels of education. It is expected that this type of task shifting will lead to efficiency and cost savings to healthcare organisations. Yet, there are more benefits to task shifting, in particular its contribution to integrated patient-centred quality of care and a tailored system that meets the changing care demands in society. Hence the importance to broaden the scope of task shifting, its goals, manifestations and how task shifting plays a role in addressing both the strengths and weaknesses in the healthcare system. In this focus piece, trends and conditions for task shifting and its (un)anticipated effects are discussed. We argue that, only when designed to face specific complexities at the workplace and taking into account the balance between specialists and generalists, task shifting may substantially contribute to enhanced quality of care that meets the changing needs of society.
Prognostic value of novel neutrophil-to-hemoglobin and lymphocyte score in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kim Hyeon Jeong , Lee Jang Hoon , Jang Se Yong , Bae Myung Hwan , Yang Dong Heon , Park Hun Sik , Cho Yongkeun , Jeong Myung H , Park Jong-Seon , Kim Hyo-Soo , Hur Seung-Ho , Seong In-Whan , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull
Published: August 2021

We developed and assessed whether a novel neutrophil-to-hemoglobin and lymphocyte (NHL) score would improve the ability to predict clinical outcome compared with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined 13,072 AMI patients from the Korean AMI Registry–National Institute of Health database. NHL score was calculated as follows: NHL score (U) = N/(Hb × L), where N, Hb, and L are baseline blood neutrophil, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte count. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events (MACCEs) at 2 years. The NLR, SII, and NHL score were independent predictors of 2-year MACCEs. The area under the curve of the NHL score (0.637) for predicting 2-year MACCEs was significantly higher compared with those of SII (0.589) and NLR (0.607). The NHL score significantly improved the reclassification and integrated discrimination compared with NLR ( p < 0.0001) and SII ( p < 0.0001). A high NHL score (≥ 0.35 U) was an independent predictor of 2-year MACCEs (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–1.55; p < 0.001). The NHL score could be a novel model for predicting long-term MACCEs in patients with AMI.
The Influence of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) On Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Jaiswal Vikash , Alquraish Danah , Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Nagpal Shavy , Singh Shrestha Prakriti , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Guntipalli Prathima , Sánchez Velazco Diana F. , Bhatnagar Arushee , Savani Saloni , Halilaj Elmjedina , Ruxmohan Samir , Cueva Wilson
Published: August 2021

Background

COVID-19 has affected global communities with multiple neurological complications in addition to other critical medical issues. COVID-19 binds to the host’s angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are expressed in the neurons and glial cells, acting as an entry port to the central nervous system (CNS). ACE2 receptors are abundantly expressed on dopamine neurons, which may worsen the prognosis of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). SARS-CoV-2 may lead to an indirect response via immune-mediated cytokine storms and propagate through the CNS leading to damage. In this systematic review, we aim to provide thorough analyses of associations between COVID-19 and neurological outcomes for patients with PD.

Methods

Using PRISMA statement 2020, a systematic review was conducted to isolate confirmed COVID-19 patients and analyze the PD-associated neurological outcomes using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The following keywords were used “COVID19, SARS-CoV-2, Parkinson’s disease, Pandemic, Mortality.” A modified Delphi process was employed.

Results

Of the 355 studies located during the initial round of screening, 16 were included in the final synthesis. Of PD patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, worsening motor symptoms and other viral-associated symptoms were reported. These symptoms included bradykinesia, tremors, gait disturbances, delirium and dementia, and severe spasms of arms and legs. Encephalopathy was presented in 2 of the included studies. Increased mortality rates were identified for hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and PD as compared to other patient groups.

Conclusion

Patients with PD may experience substantial worsening of symptoms due to COVID 19. Given the novelty of neurological-viral associations, clinical studies in the future ought to explore the disease severity and neurological outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients with PD as compared to non-PD patients, in addition to understanding the role of ACE2 in increased vulnerability to contracting the infection and as a treatment modality.
Acute Compartment Syndrome After Isolated Soleus Tear in an Elderly Recreational Athlete
Authors: O’Neill Conor N. , Johnsen Parker H. , Stefanski James T. , Toney Clarence Brian
Published: August 2021

Case:

A 62-year-old man without significant medical history (no anticoagulation) presented to the emergency department with intense leg pain following a short track race, during which he felt a pop in his calf. His physical exam was highly concerning for acute compartment syndrome (ACS) despite the lack of a typical mechanism or fracture. Compartment pressures were measured and found to be significantly elevated. He underwent compartment releases revealing a medial soleus tear with 400–500 cc hematoma.

Conclusion:

The case presents a patient with ACS after a soleus muscle tear. Prompt recognition and fasciotomy led to a good clinical outcome. Physicians should recognize that not only gastrocnemius tears can lead to compartment syndrome.