bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Oral Presentation No. 91 Valve-in-valve TAVI for treatment of degenerated surgical aortic bioprosthesis
Authors: Silva Mariana Ribeiro , Rodrigues Alberto , Guerreiro Cláudio , Silva Gualter Santos , Queirós Pedro Ribeiro , Brandão Mariana , Santos-Ferreira Diogo , Pires-Morais Gustavo , Melica Bruno , Santos Lino , Braga Pedro , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo
Published: October 2022

This abstract has been withdrawn. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvac183
Retracted: Poster No. 022 Partial atresia of the inferior vena cava associated with deep vein thrombosis – case report
Authors: Oana Stoia , Zagoni Cristina , Puia Andreea , Catrina Bianca , Teodoru Minodora
Published: October 2022

This abstract has been withdrawn. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvac183
Retracted: Poster No. 023 Indian Consensus for the Utilisation of Combination of Dual Antiplatelet (DAPT) and Statin therapy for the Stratified Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Authors: Shah Jay , Kharche Prashant , Mundhekar Ajeya , Kumar Pradeep R , Chaudhuri Soumik , Sanyal Joy , Singh Sukriti Bhalla , Hasan Omer Mustafa , Kanjilal Saikat , Mt Ameya , Azam Sadiq , Bhupal V S R ,   STRATIFY Consensus Group
Published: October 2022

This abstract has been withdrawn. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvac183
Retracted: Poster No. 092 The impact of pre-existing right bundle brunch block on short and mid-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Silva Mariana Ribeiro , Silva Gualter Santos , Queirós Pedro Ribeiro , Brandão Mariana , Santos-Ferreira Diogo , Guerreiro Cláudio , Oliveira Marco , Gonçalves Helena , Primo João , Pires-Morais Gustavo , Melica Bruno , Santos Lino , Rodrigues Alberto , Braga Pedro , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo
Published: October 2022

This abstract has been withdrawn. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvac183
Retracted: Poster No. 119 Large arterial thrombi in the pulmonary vein are common in elderly subjects and may cause age-related disease by producing neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Takeuchi Hidekazu
Published: October 2022

This abstract has been withdrawn. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvac183
Retracted: Poster No. 120 Possible mechanism of the noncoding RNA control of thromboinflammation
Authors: Takeuchi Hidekazu
Published: October 2022

This abstract has been withdrawn. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvac183
Think-Aloud: Effect on Adolescent Deaf Students’ Use of Reading Comprehension Strategies
Authors: Salehomoum Maryam
Published: October 2022

This study examined the effect of explicit instruction of reading comprehension strategies, such as identification of unknown vocabulary and relating text to background knowledge, on four deaf and hard of hearing students’ use of strategies and reading comprehension performance pre- and post-intervention. Explicit instruction of strategies consisted of discussion of targeted strategies and think-aloud (verbalizing one’s thought processes while reading) to model strategies. The data presented is from a more in-depth study completed during the 2017–2018 academic year. Few studies have implemented think-aloud in evaluating deaf adolescents’ reading challenges and the efficacy of strategy use. This study provided insight into both of these issues. Results show an increase in the variety of strategies used by students and frequency of strategy use post-intervention. Results also indicate improved comprehension scores for two students. Close examination of the data, however, reveals ongoing metacognitive challenges (such as lack of consistent identification of key unknown words and lack of awareness of comprehension breakdowns) and inconsistency in the efficacious use of strategies. Findings indicate a need for ongoing assessment of the depth and efficacy of strategy use and individualized instruction.
Validation of risk prediction models applied to longitudinal electronic health record data for the prediction of major cardiovascular events in the presence of data shifts
Authors: Li Yikuan , Salimi-Khorshidi Gholamreza , Rao Shishir , Canoy Dexter , Hassaine Abdelaali , Lukasiewicz Thomas , Rahimi Kazem , Mamouei Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Aims

Deep learning has dominated predictive modelling across different fields, but in medicine it has been met with mixed reception. In clinical practice, simple, statistical models and risk scores continue to inform cardiovascular disease risk predictions. This is due in part to the knowledge gap about how deep learning models perform in practice when they are subject to dynamic data shifts; a key criterion that common internal validation procedures do not address. We evaluated the performance of a novel deep learning model, BEHRT, under data shifts and compared it with several ML-based and established risk models.

Methods and results

Using linked electronic health records of 1.1 million patients across England aged at least 35 years between 1985 and 2015, we replicated three established statistical models for predicting 5-year risk of incident heart failure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. The results were compared with a widely accepted machine learning model (random forests), and a novel deep learning model (BEHRT). In addition to internal validation, we investigated how data shifts affect model discrimination and calibration. To this end, we tested the models on cohorts from (i) distinct geographical regions; (ii) different periods. Using internal validation, the deep learning models substantially outperformed the best statistical models by 6%, 8%, and 11% in heart failure, stroke, and coronary heart disease, respectively, in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Conclusion

The performance of all models declined as a result of data shifts; despite this, the deep learning models maintained the best performance in all risk prediction tasks. Updating the model with the latest information can improve discrimination but if the prior distribution changes, the model may remain miscalibrated.
Long-term results of a stented bioprosthetic valve in the aortic position: structural valve deterioration and valve haemodynamic deterioration of bovine pericardial and porcine valves
Authors: Jung Yoo Jin , Choi Jae Woong , Kang Yoonjin , Kim Ji Seong , Sohn Suk Ho , Hwang Ho Young , Kim Kyung Hwan
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES

This study compared the clinical outcomes of bovine and porcine bioprosthetic valves based on structural valve deterioration (SVD) and valve haemodynamic deterioration (VHD) in the aortic position.

METHODS

From January 1995 to December 2014, patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) using a bovine pericardial valve or porcine valve were enrolled. SVD and VHD were defined according to the mean transprosthetic gradient and the grade of aortic regurgitation on transthoracic echocardiography. The propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences in preoperative and operative characteristics.

RESULTS

A total of 520 patients were enrolled. Of these, 372 patients underwent AVR using a bovine pericardial valve and 148 patients underwent AVR using a porcine valve. Then, 135 pairs of patients were extracted after propensity score matching. The median follow-up duration was 8.2 years (interquartile range, 5.4–11.3). Among the matched patients, no significant differences occurred in overall survival (survival at 10 years: 64.7% vs 70.9%) or cardiac death (cumulative incidence at 10 years: 14.2% vs 13.1%) between the 2 groups. The cumulative incidence of moderate or greater SVD and VHD was significantly higher in the porcine valve group than in the bovine valve group (SVD at 10 years—porcine: 29.8% vs bovine: 13%; VHD at 10 years—porcine: 19.8% vs bovine: 3.8%, respectively). However, no significant differences were noted in the cumulative incidence of severe SVD and severe VHD between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The bovine pericardial valve should be considered in AVR because the cumulative incidences of moderate or greater SVD and VHD were significantly lower than those of the porcine valve.
Thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a retrospective single-centre study
Authors: Wei Peijian , Ma Jiexu , Tan Tong , Zhu Wei , Yuan Haiyun , Zhuang Jian , Liu Jian , Guo Huiming
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES

Transaortic myectomy is a common procedure for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy has been described in a few small-sample studies and has been recommended as preferable. We herein report our clinical outcomes using the thoracoscopic trans-mitral approach with 76 patients.

METHODS

This is a retrospective single-centre analysis of the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy by comparing the clinical outcomes with that of transaortic myectomy.

RESULTS

Between April 2019 and October 2021, 132 patients underwent either a transaortic (n = 56) or a thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy (n = 76). Compared with those in the transaortic group, patients in the trans-mitral group were more likely to be weaned off the ventilator within 24 h after surgery (80.3% vs 60.7%, P < 0.05) and to require a shorter duration of ventilation [29.01 (43.91) vs 51.12 (94.96) h, P = 0.08] and lower transfusion rate (26.3% vs 48.2%, P < 0.05). The in-hospital mortality rate of the transaortic and trans-mitral groups was 3.6% (n = 2) and 1.3% (n = 1), respectively. No significant inter-group differences were observed regarding in-hospital mortality, the incidence of low cardiac output syndrome or permanent pacemaker implantations. In the trans-mitral group, the thickness of the interventricular septum was significantly reduced postoperatively, with resultant relief of the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction [89.37 (27.5) vs 10.51 (0.65) mmHg, P < 0.01]. Transaortic myectomy also resulted in a significant reduction in left ventricular outflow tract gradient [90.41 (33.31) vs 11.35 (9.43) mmHg, P < 0.01]. And the incidence of residual systolic anterior motion of the trans-mitral group and the transaortic group was 2.67% and 1.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The thoracoscopic trans-mitral approach provides excellent exposure to the septum and anomalies of the mitral valve and papillary muscle. It relieves obstruction effectively, without increasing the incidence of major complications.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern, virulence determinants and molecular analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Iran
Authors: Ghamari Mahsa , Beigverdi Reza , Jabalameli Fereshteh , Emaneini Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as an important global threat in recent years. The objective of the present study was to characterize the molecular characteristics, antibiotic resistance pattern and the distribution of virulence factors in CRKP isolated from different clinical specimens. A total of 60 clinical CRKP isolates were collected from clinical samples. Based on Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was assessed by the disk diffusion method. Carbapenem and aminoglycoside resistance determinants in addition to virulence genes were inspected by PCR. Molecular characteristics of CRKP isolates were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR. All isolates were resistant to imipenem, meropenem, cefoxitin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. Resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin and kanamycin were detected in 53%, 75% and 72% of isolates, respectively. The most common carbapenem resistance genes were OXA-48 (28.5%) and NDM (22%). The most common aminoglycosides resistance genes were aac6´Ib (57%) and aac(3)-IVa (28%). The most prevalent virulence genes were mrkD (82%), entB (62%) and ybts (58%). ERIC and RAPD analyses revealed 55 and 53 different patterns of CRKP isolates, respectively. We conclude that CRKP infections have been associated with different genotypes and that the carbapenemase type (OXA-48) and AME gene (aac6´-Ib) were widely distributed in CRKP isolates in our hospital. Continued compliance with existing phenotypes and genotypes, and strict enforcement of infection control guidelines, are recommended approaches for the prevention and dissemination of these strains.
Adoption and scale-up of the cardiovascular Polypill: a realist institutional analysis
Authors: Abimbola Seye , Liu Hueiming
Published: October 2022

Efforts to promote the adoption and scale-up of health system innovations must contend with the existing institutional context. But there are no commonly used frameworks to ensure that the insights of actors involved in such institutional efforts connect to one another. To test and modify a potential framework—the ‘four-by-four’ framework—we interviewed researcher-entrepreneurs involved in the unfolding story of the cardiovascular Polypill. The framework has four types/levels of institutions that affect adoption and scale-up: (1) informal institutions (L1, e.g. social norms), (2) formal institutions (L2, e.g. government policies and regulation), (3) organizational structures (L3, e.g. organizational boards and mission) and (4) everyday exchange (L4, e.g. service delivery), vis-à-vis four potential entrepreneurial strategies in response: (1) abide by existing institutions, (2) evade them, (3) alter them and/or (4) exit entrepreneurial action. Using this framework, we conducted a realist-informed analysis to understand how context (i.e. institutions) and mechanism (i.e. entrepreneurial strategies) influence each other to shape outcomes (i.e. adoption and scale-up). We found that researcher-entrepreneurs began with efforts to abide with existing institutions but encountered institutional obstacles at each level. Efforts to abide were followed by seeking to evade and/or alter unfavourable institutions, with greater success evading and/or altering lower (L3 and L4) than upper (L1 and L2) institutions. Exit considerations followed the failure of the evade or alter strategy. Shifts between strategies were propelled by ‘learning’. The ‘four-by-four’ framework can be used as a scaffold to generate narratives of adoption or scale-up efforts, a sensitizing tool to prospectively map out contingencies and a matrix to synthesize narratives and experiences across multiple innovations or settings. Used in these ways, the ‘four-by-four’ framework can help to optimize the transferability and cumulation of insights on how to promote the adoption and scale-up of health system innovations.
An RSV Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Lacking G Protein Mucin Domains Is Attenuated, Immunogenic, and Effective in Preventing RSV in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Roe Molly K , Perez Maria A , Hsiao Hui-Mien , Lapp Stacey A , Sun He-Ying , Jadhao Samadhan , Young Audrey R , Batista Yara S , Reed Ryan C , Taz Azmain , Piantadosi Anne , Chen Xuemin , Liang Bo , Koval Michael , Snider Timothy A , Moore Martin L , Anderson Evan J , Anderson Larry J , Stobart Christopher C , Rostad Christina A
Published: October 2022

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading viral respiratory pathogen in infants. The objective of this study was to generate RSV live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates by removing the G-protein mucin domains to attenuate viral replication while retaining immunogenicity through deshielding of surface epitopes.

Methods

Two LAV candidates were generated from recombinant RSV A2-line19F by deletion of the G-protein mucin domains (A2-line19F-G155) or deletion of the G-protein mucin and transmembrane domains (A2-line19F-G155S). Vaccine attenuation was measured in BALB/c mouse lungs by fluorescent focus unit (FFU) assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunogenicity was determined by measuring serum binding and neutralizing antibodies in mice following prime/boost on days 28 and 59. Efficacy was determined by measuring RSV lung viral loads on day 4 postchallenge.

Results

Both LAVs were undetectable in mouse lungs by FFU assay and elicited similar neutralizing antibody titers compared to A2-line19F on days 28 and 59. Following RSV challenge, vaccinated mice showed no detectable RSV in the lungs by FFU assay and a significant reduction in RSV RNA in the lungs by RT-PCR of 560-fold for A2-line19F-G155 and 604-fold for A2-line19F-G155S compared to RSV-challenged, unvaccinated mice.

Conclusions

Removal of the G-protein mucin domains produced RSV LAV candidates that were highly attenuated with retained immunogenicity.
Outcomes among patients admitted for non-ST-segment myocardial infarction in the pre-pandemic and pandemic COVID-19 era: Israel Nationwide study
Authors: Asher Elad , Fardman Alexander , Shmueli Hezzy , Orvin Katia , Oren Daniel , Kofman Natalia , Mohsen Jameel , Moady Gassan , Taha Louay , Rubinshtein Ronen , Azriel Osherov , Efraim Roi , Saleem Dabbah , Taieb Philippe , Ben-assa Eyal , Cohen Tal , Klempfner Robert , Orlev Amir , Beigel Roy , Segev Amit , Matetzky Shlomi
Published: October 2022

Background

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019, several countries have reported a substantial drop in the number of patients admitted with non-ST-segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the changes in admissions, in-hospital management and outcomes of patients with NSTEMI in the COVID-19 era in a nationwide survey.

Method

A prospective, multicenter, observational, nationwide study involving 13 medical centers across Israel aimed to evaluate consecutive patients with NSTEMI admitted to intensive cardiac care units over an 8-week period during the COVID-19 outbreak and to compare them with NSTEMI patients admitted at the same period 2 years earlier (control period).

Results

There were 624 (43%) NSTEMI patients, of whom 349 (56%) were hospitalized during the COVID-19 era and 275 (44%) during the control period. There were no significant differences in age, gender and other baseline characteristics between the two study periods. During the COVID-19 era, more patients arrived at the hospital via an emergency medical system compared with the control period (P = 0.05). Time from symptom onset to hospital admission was longer in the COVID-19 era as compared with the control period [11.5 h (interquartile range, IQR, 2.5–46.7) vs. 2.9 h (IQR 1.7–6.8), respectively, P < 0.001]. Nevertheless, the time from hospital admission to reperfusion was similar in both groups. The rate of coronary angiography was also similar in both groups. The in-hospital mortality rate was similar in both the COVID-19 era and the control period groups (2.3% vs. 4.7%, respectively, P = 0.149) as was the 30-day mortality rate (3.7% vs. 5.1%, respectively, P = 0.238).

Conclusion

In contrast to previous reports, admission rates of NSTEMI were similar in this nationwide survey during the COVID-19 era. With longer time from symptoms to admission, but with the same time from hospital admission to reperfusion therapy and with similar in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates. Even in times of crisis, adherence of medical systems to clinical practice guidelines ensures the preservation of good clinical outcomes.
Digital Histological Study of Neocortical Grey and White Matter Tau Burden Across Tauopathies
Authors: Coughlin David G , Hiniker Annie , Peterson Claire , Kim Yongya , Arezoumandan Sanaz , Giannini Lucia , Pizzo Donald , Weintraub Daniel , Siderowf Andrew , Litvan Irene , Rissman Robert A , Galasko Douglas , Hansen Lawrence , Trojanowski John Q , Lee Edward , Grossman Murray , Irwin David
Published: October 2022

3R/4R-tau species are found in Alzheimer disease (AD) and ∼50% of Lewy body dementias at autopsy (LBD+tau); 4R-tau accumulations are found in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Digital image analysis techniques can elucidate patterns of tau pathology more precisely than traditional methods but repeatability across centers is unclear. We calculated regional percentage areas occupied by tau pathological inclusions from the middle frontal cortex (MFC), superior temporal cortex (STC), and angular gyrus (ANG) from cases from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California San Diego with AD, LBD+tau, PSP, or CBD (n = 150) using QuPath. In both cohorts, AD and LBD+tau had the highest grey and white matter tau burden in the STC (p ≤ 0.04). White matter tau burden was relatively higher in 4R-tauopathies than 3R/4R-tauopathies (p < 0.003). Grey and white matter tau were correlated in all diseases (R2=0.43–0.79, p < 0.04) with the greatest increase of white matter per unit grey matter tau observed in PSP (p < 0.02 both cohorts). Grey matter tau negatively correlated with MMSE in AD and LBD+tau (r = −4.4 to −5.4, p ≤ 0.02). These data demonstrate the feasibility of cross-institutional digital histology studies that generate finely grained measurements of pathology which can be used to support biomarker development and models of disease progression.
Reversible down-regulation of photosystems I and II leads to fast photosynthesis recovery after long-term drought in Jatropha curcas
Authors: Sapeta Helena , Yokono Makio , Takabayashi Atsushi , Ueno Yoshifumi , Cordeiro André M , Hara Toshihiko , Tanaka Ayumi , Akimoto Seiji , Oliveira M Margarida , Tanaka Ryouichi
Published: October 2022

Jatropha curcas is a drought-tolerant plant that maintains its photosynthetic pigments under prolonged drought, and quickly regains its photosynthetic capacity when water is available. It has been reported that drought stress leads to increased thermal dissipation in PSII, but that of PSI has been barely investigated, perhaps due to technical limitations in measuring the PSI absolute quantum yield. In this study, we combined biochemical analysis and spectroscopic measurements using an integrating sphere, and verified that the quantum yields of both photosystems are temporarily down-regulated under drought. We found that the decrease in the quantum yield of PSII was accompanied by a decrease in the core complexes of PSII while light-harvesting complexes are maintained under drought. In addition, in drought-treated plants, we observed a decrease in the absolute quantum yield of PSI as compared with the well-watered control, while the amount of PSI did not change, indicating that non-photochemical quenching occurs in PSI. The down-regulation of both photosystems was quickly lifted in a few days upon re-watering. Our results indicate, that in J. curcas under drought, the down-regulation of both PSII and PSI quantum yield protects the photosynthetic machinery from uncontrolled photodamage.
Star formation quenching in the infall region around galaxy clusters
Authors: Salerno Juan Manuel , Muriel Hernán , Coenda Valeria , Cora Sofía A , Pereyra Luis , Ruiz Andrés N , Vega-Martínez Cristian A
Published: October 2022

We analyse the connection between the star formation quenching of galaxies and their location in the outskirts of clusters in the redshift range z = [0, 2] by estimating the fraction of red galaxies. More specifically, we focus on galaxies that infall isotropically from those that are infalling alongside filaments. We use a sample of galaxies obtained from the semi-analytical model of galaxy formation sag applied to the MultiDark simulation, mdpl2. In agreement with observational results, we find that the infall regions show levels of star formation that are intermediate between those of galaxies in clusters and in the field. Moreover, we show that, in the redshift range [0–0.85], the quenching of the star formation is stronger in the filamentary region than in the isotropic infall region. We also study the fraction of red galaxies as a function of the normalized distance to the cluster centre and find that, for radii R/R200 > 3, the fraction of red galaxies in the filamentary region is considerably larger than in the isotropic infall region. From the analysis of properties of the main progenitors of galaxies identified at z = 0, we find that they have different evolutionary behaviours depending on the stellar mass and environment. Our results confirm the observational findings that suggest that the infall regions of clusters play an important role in the pre-processing of galaxies along most of the evolutionary history of galaxies.
A compact symmetric ejection from the low mass AGN in the LINER galaxy NGC 4293
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Wang Ruiling , Guo Quan
Published: October 2022

We conducted a Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observation of the low mass active galactic nucleus (AGN) in galaxy NGC 4293 (z = 0.003). The object is associated with a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER). Its black hole mass is estimated as ∼105 or ${\sim}10^7 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The VLBA 1.5 GHz image shows an inverse symmetric structure with two discrete radio blobs separated by an angular distance of ∼120 mas, corresponding to ∼7 parsec. Furthermore, its integrated radio spectrum has a turnover at the frequency of ∼0.44 GHz. Based on the compactness and spectrum, the nuclear radio source in NGC 4293 belongs to a sample of (megahertz) peaked spectrum (PS/MPS) radio sources with compact symmetric morphologies. NGC 4293 has 1.4 GHz radio power of only ${\sim}10^{20}\, \mathrm{W\, Hz^{-1}}$ with the VLBA observation, which is consistent with local AGNs but lower than the current PS samples. One of the two blobs has a steep radio spectrum α = −0.62 ± 0.08 (Sν ∝ ν+α), while the other one has an inverted spectrum α = 0.32 ± 0.10. The VLBA 1.5 GHz luminosity ratio of the two blobs is 3.23 and both blobs show lateral-flowing structures where the hotspots reside at the edge of each radio lobe. This can be explained as jet interactions with dense circumnuclear medium. We estimate the black hole mass of NGC 4293 through the Fundamental Plane of black hole activity, which constrains the black hole mass to be ${\lesssim}10^6\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. It supports that the object is a low-mass AGN and a potential candidate for accreting and ejecting IMBHs.
The thermal and non-thermal components within and between galaxy clusters Abell 399 and Abell 401
Authors: Radiconi Federico , Vacca Valentina , Battistelli Elia , Bonafede Annalisa , Capalbo Valentina , Devlin Mark J , Di Mascolo Luca , Feretti Luigina , Gallardo Patricio A , Gill Ajay , Giovannini Gabriele , Govoni Federica , Guan Yilun , Hilton Matt , Hincks Adam D , Hughes John P , Iacobelli Marco , Isopi Giovanni , Loi Francesca , Moodley Kavilan , Mroczkowski Tony , Murgia Matteo , Orrú Emanuela , Paladino Rosita , Partridge Bruce , Sarazin Craig L , Orlowski Scherer Jack , Sifón Cristóbal , Vargas Cristian , Vazza Franco , Wollack Edward J
Published: October 2022

We measure the local correlation between radio emission and Compton-y signal across two galaxy clusters, Abell 399 and Abell 401, using maps from the Low Frequency Array and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope  + Planck. These data sets allow us to make the first measurement of this kind at ∼arcmin resolution. We find that the radio brightness scales as Fradio ∝ y1.5 for Abell 401 and Fradio ∝ y2.8 for Abell 399. Furthermore, using XMM–Newton data, we derive a sublinear correlation between radio and X-ray brightness for both the clusters ($F_{\mathrm{radio}} \propto F_{\rm X}^{0.7}$). Finally, we correlate the Compton-y and X-ray data, finding that an isothermal model is consistent with the cluster profiles, $y \propto F_{\rm X}^{0.5}$. By adopting an isothermal–β model, we are able, for the first time, to jointly use radio, X-ray, and Compton-y data to estimate the scaling index for the magnetic field profile, B(r) ∝ ne(r)η in the injection and re-acceleration scenarios. Applying this model, we find that the combined radio and Compton-y signal exhibits a significantly tighter correlation with the X-ray across the clusters than when the data sets are independently correlated. We find η ∼ 0.6–0.8. These results are consistent with the upper limit we derive for the scaling index of the magnetic field using rotation measure values for two radio galaxies in Abell 401. We also measure the radio, Compton-y, and X-ray correlations in the filament between the clusters but conclude that deeper data are required for a convincing determination of the correlations in the filament.
Revisiting radial velocity measurements of the K2-18 system with the line-by-line framework
Authors: Radica Michael , Artigau Étienne , Lafreniére David , Cadieux Charles , Cook Neil J , Doyon René , Amado Pedro J , Caballero José A , Henning Thomas , Quirrenbach Andreas , Reiners Ansgar , Ribas Ignasi
Published: October 2022

The cross-correlation function and template matching techniques have dominated the world of precision radial velocities for many years. Recently, a new technique, named line-by-line, has been developed as an outlier resistant way to efficiently extract radial velocity content from high resolution spectra. We apply this new method to archival HARPS and CARMENES data sets of the K2-18 system. After reprocessing the HARPS data set with the line-by-line framework, we are able to replicate the findings of previous studies. Furthermore, by splitting the full wavelength range into sub-domains, we were able to identify a systematic chromatic correlation of the radial velocities in the reprocessed CARMENES data set. After post-processing the radial velocities to remove this correlation, as well as rejecting some outlier nights, we robustly uncover the signal of both K2-18 b and K2-18 c, with masses that agree with those found from our analysis of the HARPS data set. We then combine both the HARPS and CARMENES velocities to refine the parameters of both planets, notably resulting in a revised mass and period for K2-18 c of $6.99^{+0.96}_{-0.99}$ $\rm M_{\oplus }$ and 9.2072 ± 0.0065 d, respectively. Our work thoroughly demonstrates the power of the line-by-line technique for the extraction of precision radial velocity information.
Radio pulsar beam geometry down to the 100-MHz band: 76 additional sources within the Arecibo Sky
Authors: Rankin Joanna , Wahl Haley , Venkataraman Arun , Olszanski Timothy
Published: October 2022

This paper provides analyses of the emission beam structure of 76 ‘B’-named pulsars within the Arecibo sky. Most of these objects are included in both the Gould & Lyne and LOFAR High Band surveys and thus complement our other works treating various parts of these populations. These comprise a further group of mostly well-studied pulsars within the Arecibo sky that we here treat similarly to those in Olszanski et al. – and extend our overall efforts to study all of the pulsars in both surveys. The analyses are based on observations made with the Arecibo Telescope at 327 MHz and 1.4 GHz. Many have been observed at frequencies down to 100 MHz using either LOFAR or the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory as well as a few with the Long Wavelength Array at lower frequencies. This work uses the Arecibo observations as a foundation for interpreting the low frequency profiles and emission-beam geometries. We attempt to build quantitative geometric emission-beam models using the core/double-cone topology, while reviewing the evidence of previous studies and arguments for previous classifications on these sources. These efforts were successful for all but two pulsars, and interesting new subpulse modulation patterns were identified in a number of the objects. We interpret the Arecibo pulsar population in the context of the entire population of ‘B’ pulsars.
Mid-infrared imaging of Supernova 1987A
Authors: Matsuura Mikako , Wesson Roger , Arendt Richard G , Dwek Eli , De Buizer James M , Danziger John , Bouchet Patrice , Barlow M J , Cigan Phil , Gomez Haley L , Rho Jeonghee , Meixner Margaret
Published: October 2022

At a distance of 50 kpc, Supernova 1987A is an ideal target to study how a young supernova (SN) evolves in time. Its equatorial ring, filled with material expelled from the progenitor star about 20 000 yr ago, has been engulfed with SN blast waves. Shocks heat dust grains in the ring, emitting their energy at mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths We present ground-based 10–18 μm monitoring of the ring of SN 1987A from day 6067 to 12814 at a resolution of 0.5 arcsec, together with SOFIA photometry at 10–30 μm. The IR images in the 2000’s (day 6067–7242) showed that the shocks first began brightening the east side of the ring. Later, our mid-IR images from 2017 to 2022 (day 10952–12714) show that dust emission is now fading in the east, while it has brightened on the west side of the ring. Because dust grains are heated in the shocked plasma, which can emit X-rays, the IR and X-ray brightness ratio represent shock diagnostics. Until 2007 the IR to X-ray brightness ratio remained constant over time, and during this time shocks seemed to be largely influencing the east side of the ring. However, since then, the IR to X-ray ratio has been declining, due to increased X-ray brightness. Whether the declining IR brightness is because of dust grains being destroyed or being cooled in the post-shock regions will require more detailed modelling.
Optical studies of a bright Type Iax supernova SN 2020rea
Authors: Singh Mridweeka , Misra Kuntal , Sahu Devendra K , Ailawadhi Bhavya , Dutta Anirban , Howell D Andrew , Anupama G C , Bostroem K Azalee , Burke Jamison , Dastidar Raya , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Hiramatsu Daichi , Im Hyobin , McCully Curtis , Pellegrino Craig , Srivastav Shubham , Teja Rishabh Singh
Published: October 2022

We present optical photometric and spectroscopic analysis of a Type Iax supernova (SN) 2020rea situated at the brighter luminosity end of Type Iax supernovae (SNe). The light curve decline rate of SN 2020rea is Δm15(g)  = 1.31 ± 0.08 mag which is similar to SNe 2012Z and 2005hk. Modelling the pseudo-bolometric light curve with a radiation diffusion model yields a mass of 56Ni of 0.13 ± 0.01 M⊙ and an ejecta mass of 0.77$^{+0.11}_{-0.21}$ M⊙. Spectral features of SN 2020rea during the photospheric phase show good resemblance with SN 2012Z. TARDIS modelling of the early spectra of SN 2020rea reveals a dominance of Iron Group Elements (IGEs). The photospheric velocity of the Si ii line around maximum for SN 2020rea is ∼ 6500 km s−1 which is less than the measured velocity of the Fe ii line and indicates significant mixing. The observed physical properties of SN 2020rea match with the predictions of pure deflagration model of a Chandrasekhar mass C–O white dwarf. The metallicity of the host galaxy around the SN region is 12 + log(O/H)  = 8.56 ± 0.18 dex which is similar to that of SN 2012Z.
SDSS IV MaNGA: bar pattern speed in Milky Way analogue galaxies
Authors: Garma-Oehmichen L , Hernández-Toledo H , Aquino-Ortíz E , Martinez-Medina L , Puerari I , Cano-Díaz M , Valenzuela O , Vázquez-Mata J A , Géron T , Martínez-Vázquez L A , Lane R
Published: October 2022

Most secular effects produced by stellar bars strongly depend on the pattern speed. Unfortunately, it is also the most difficult observational parameter to estimate. In this work, we measured the bar pattern speed of 97 Milky-Way analogue galaxies from the MaNGA survey using the Tremaine–Weinberg method. The sample was selected by constraining the stellar mass and morphological type. We improve our measurements by weighting three independent estimates of the disc position angle. To recover the disc rotation curve, we fit a kinematic model to the H α velocity maps correcting for the non-circular motions produced by the bar. The complete sample has a smooth distribution of the bar pattern speed ($\Omega _{\rm Bar}=28.14^{+12.30}_{-9.55}$ km s−1 kpc −1), corotation radius ($R_{CR} = 7.82^{+3.99}_{-2.96}$ kpc), and the rotation rate ($\mathcal {R} = 1.35^{+0.60}_{-0.40}$). We found two sets of correlations: (i) between the bar pattern speed, the bar length and the logarithmic stellar mass (ii) between the bar pattern speed, the disc circular velocity and the bar rotation rate. If we constrain our sample by inclination within 30° < i < 60° and relative orientation 20° < |PAdisc − PAbar| < 70°, the correlations become stronger and the fraction of ultra-fast bars is reduced from 20 to 10 per cent of the sample. This suggests that a significant fraction of ultra-fast bars in our sample could be associated with the geometric limitations of the TW method. By further constraining the bar size and disc circular velocity, we obtain a subsample of 25 Milky-Way analogues galaxies with distributions $\Omega _{\rm Bar}=30.48^{+10.94}_{-6.57}$ km s−1 kpc−1, $R_{\rm CR} = 6.77^{+2.32}_{-1.91}$ kpc, and $\mathcal {R} = 1.45^{+0.57}_{-0.43}$, in good agreement with the current estimations for our Galaxy.
DAZL regulates proliferation of human primordial germ cells by direct binding to precursor miRNAs and enhances DICER processing activity
Authors: Yan An , Xiong Jie , Zhu Jiadong , Li Xiangyu , Xu Shuting , Feng Xiaoyu , Ke Xin , Wang Zhenyi , Chen Yang , Wang Hong-Wei , Zhang Michael Q , Kee Kehkooi
Published: October 2022

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) is essential in studying infertility and germ cell tumorigenesis. Many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and non-coding RNAs are specifically expressed and functional during hPGC developments. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of these RBPs and non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in hPGCs remain elusive. In this study, we reported a new regulatory function of DAZL, a germ cell-specific RBP, in miRNA biogenesis and cell proliferation. First, DAZL co-localized with miRNA let-7a in human PGCs and up-regulated the levels of >100 mature miRNAs, including eight out of nine let-7 family, miR21, miR22, miR125, miR10 and miR199. Purified DAZL directly bound to the loops of precursor miRNAs with sequence specificity of GUU. The binding of DAZL to the precursor miRNA increased the maturation of miRNA by enhancing the cleavage activity of DICER. Furthermore, cell proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis confirmed that DAZL inhibited the proliferation of in vitro PGCs by promoting the maturation of these miRNAs. Evidently, the mature miRNAs up-regulated by DAZL silenced cell proliferation regulators including TRIM71. Moreover, DAZL inhibited germline tumor cell proliferation and teratoma formation. These results demonstrate that DAZL regulates hPGC proliferation by enhancing miRNA processing.
66 Trends in bronchiolitis emergency department visits in Ontario, 2004-2018: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Brunet Justin , Gill Peter , Imsirovic Haris , Tuna Meltem , Knight Braden , Webster Richard , Parkin Patricia , To Teresa , Schuh Suzanne , Mahant Sanjay ,   Canadian Paediatric Inpatient Research Network (PIRN), Paediatric Inpatient Research Network (PIRN)
Published: October 2022

Background

Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children and places a significant burden on the health care system. There have been few population-based studies describing trends in emergency department (ED) rates over time.

Objectives

To estimate population-based rates and trends of bronchiolitis ED visits from 2004 to 2018 in Ontario, Canada.

Design/Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study of all children less than 2 years of age from April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2018 using linked administrative data. Bronchiolitis hospital encounters were identified using ICD-10 discharge diagnosis codes. The primary outcome was bronchiolitis ED visit rate estimated per 1000 person-years. Secondary outcomes included ED visit rate by subgroups (age, gestational age, birth weight, comorbidity, rurality, and material deprivation), bronchiolitis hospitalizations per 100 bronchiolitis ED visits, bronchiolitis ED 14-day revisit rate (ED revisit or hospitalization per 100 ED visits), and mortality rate (in- and out-of-hospital deaths per 1000 person-years). Annual percent change (APC) was estimated using log-linear regression models to determine trends in outcomes.

Results

Of the 2,336,446 infants less than 2 years of age during the study period, 93,843 children (4.0%) had 115,116 bronchiolitis ED visits at 208 hospitals. Bronchiolitis accounted for an increasing percentage of all-cause ED visits, from 7,446 (3.4%) of 216,122 in 2004-2005 to 9,702 (4.2%) of 231,693 in 2017-2018 (APC 2.2%; 95% CI [1.2-3.2]). Bronchiolitis ED visits per 1000 person-years increased by 26.7% from 27.0 (95% CI, 26.4-27.7) in 2004-2005 to 34.2 (95% CI, 33.5-34.9) in 2017-18 (APC=2.6%; 95% CI [1.5-3.8], p<0.001). Subgroup specific rates similarly increased over the study period. Hospitalizations per 100 ED visits decreased from 51.8 (95% CI, 50.2-53.4) in 2004-2005 to 37.0 (95% CI, 35.8-38.2) in 2017-2018 (APC -2.6% [95% CI, -3.3 to -1.8], p<0.0001). Revisits after an ED encounter were stable, 14.0 (95% CI, 13.0-15.0) in 2004-2005 and 11.8 (95% CI, 11.1-12.6) per 100 ED visits in 2017-2018 (APC -0.3%, [95% CI, -1.3 to 0.7]; p=0.68), as was the mortality rate (Figure 1).

Conclusion

In a population-based study from 2004 to 2018, bronchiolitis ED use increased significantly. However, the bronchiolitis hospitalizations declined relative to ED visits, and the ED revisit and mortality rate remained stable, suggesting that illness severity did not increase. These findings indicate an increasing health services burden of bronchiolitis on EDs.
The Magmatic Evolution and the Regional Context of the 1835 AD Osorno Volcano Products (41°06’S, Southern Chile)
Authors: Morgado Eduardo , Morgan Daniel J , Harvey Jason , Castruccio Angelo , Brahm Raimundo , McGee Lucy E , Parada Miguel-Ángel , Georgiev Bogomil , Hammond Samantha J
Published: October 2022

Osorno volcano (41°06’S, 72°20’W) is a composite stratovolcano of the Central Southern Volcanic Zone of the Chilean Andes. It is the southernmost member of a NE–SW trending alignment of volcanic edifices including La Picada and Puntiagudo volcanoes and the Cordón Cenizos chain. According to contemporary descriptions recorded by Charles Darwin in 1835, two eruptive events occurred: the first during January–February, and the second during November–December 1835 and January 1836. The volcano erupted basaltic andesite lavas and tephra fall deposits (52.4 to 52.9 SiO2 wt. %), which contain phenocrysts of olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and spinel. The compositions of these phenocryst phases, together with those of olivine-hosted melt inclusions, allowed us to constrain intensive parameters for the pre-eruptive magmas. These varied from 1060°C to 1140°C, with an oxygen fugacity buffer of ~ΔQFM +1.1, dissolved water concentrations of up to 5.6 wt. % (average of ~4.2 wt. %) and maximum pressures equivalent to ~7-km depth. Textural relations, such as crystal accumulations and clots, zoning in crystals and other indications of disequilibrium, lead us to infer the involvement of a crystal mush, rich in individual crystals and clots of crystals, which underwent a degree of disaggregation and entrainment into the transiting magma prior to eruption. Comparison of trace element abundances, including rare earth elements, fluid-mobile elements, and relatively fluid-immobile elements, combined with 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios, allows us to consider variations in slab-derived fluid input and the minor role of crustal contamination on the Osorno eruptive products and those from neighboring volcanic systems. Our results suggest both a greater contribution from slab-derived fluid and a higher degree of partial melting in the systems supplying stratovolcanoes (Osorno, Calbuco, and La Picada) relative to those supplying small eruptive centers built over the major regional Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone.
Magma Defrosting: Evidence from Plutonic Rocks
Authors: Barnes Calvin G , Werts Kevin
Published: October 2022

The concept of defrosting, heating and partially melting a crystal-rich, weakly mobile or immobile magma (magmatic mush) has gained wide support from volcanological studies. This process has been called on as a means to promote eruption of crystal-rich (monotonous) dacites and also to permit extraction of felsic magmas, which may accumulate in the upper crust and erupt as crystal-poor rhyolite or trachyte. Most studies of the latter type of defrosting call on a conjugate plutonic part of the system from which the felsic melt was extracted. Although petrographic and geochemical features of defrosting are well described for eruptive rocks, few studies have investigated petrographic and geochemical features of plutons that indicate defrosting. The Jurassic Ashland pluton is a tilted intrusive complex exposed in southern Oregon and northern California, USA. The central part of the pluton, quartz monzodiorite (QMD), displays petrographic features (crystal fragmentation, widespread resorption, local concentrations of refractory minerals) characteristic of partial melting. This unit is intruded and overlain by biotite granite, which displays plagioclase cores identical in composition to plagioclase in the underlying QMD, resorbed titanite cores in plagioclase, and local subhedral to anhedral cores of alkali feldspar in poikilitic alkali feldspar crystals. Hornblende and biotite in the biotite granite display enrichments in Ti and Nb relative to these minerals in QMD, negating fractional crystallization as a petrogenetic process. Instead, these high Ti and Nb contents reflect significant partial melting of titanite in the QMD, thereby releasing high field strength elements to the defrosted biotite granite melt. The biotite granite magmas are thus interpreted as the melt-rich products of defrosting caused by intrusion of mafic–intermediate magmas into the QMD magma column.
Redemption in Kind and Mutual Fund Liquidity Management
Authors: Agarwal Vikas , Ren Honglin , Shen Ke , Zhao Haibei
Published: October 2022

Open-end mutual funds can use redemption in kind to satisfy investor redemptions by delivering securities instead of cash. We find that funds that reserve their rights to redeem in kind experience less redemption after poor performance. Evidence from actual in-kind transactions reveals several unique mechanisms for redemption in kind to mitigate fund runs, including the delivery of more illiquid stocks and stocks with greater tax overhang. Funds suffer less from the adverse impact of outflows on their performance. However, redeeming investors bear significant liquidation costs when they sell securities, costs associated with destabilization in the prices of these securities.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.