bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Live‐Cell Sensing of Telomerase Activity by Using Hybridization‐Sensitive Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probes
Authors: Chen Jiazhuo , Morihiro Kunihiko , Fukui Daisuke , Guo Lihao , Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: December 2019

Live‐cell sensing of telomerase activity with simple and efficient strategies remains a challenging target. In this work, a strategy for telomerase sensing by using hybridization‐sensitive fluorescent oligonucleotide probes is reported. In the presence of telomerase and dNTPs, the designed supporting strand was extended and generated the hairpin structure that catalyzed the next telomerase extending reaction. The special extension mechanism increased the local concentration of another supporting strand and telomerase, which resulted in enhanced telomerase activity. The hybridization‐sensitive oligonucleotide probes bound to the hairpin catalyst and generated turn‐on fluorescence. This method realized the sensing of telomerase activity in HeLa cell extract with a detection limit below 1.6×10−6 IU μL−1. The real‐time in situ observation of telomerase extension was achieved in living HeLa cells. This strategy has been applied to monitor the efficiency of telomerase‐targeting anticancer drugs in situ.
A Guide for Realizing Efficient Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells in a Single Active Layer Device Structure
Authors: Kim Seunghan , Lee Jong Ik , Yang Jeehye , Shin Ik‐Soo , Earmme Taeshik , Kang Moon Sung
Published: December 2019

Here, we systematically examine the impact of electrode work function, ionic species, and charge injection layers on the operation of polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) based on p‐type Super Yellow. To achieve PLECs yielding a more intensive luminance compared to what can be achieved from the non‐ionic light‐emitting device counterpart, i. e., the polymer light‐emitting diode (PLED), in an analogous device structure, the experimental results here guide the following lessons. First, the use of charge injection layer does not necessarily yield a PLEC that outperforms its PLED counterpart but rather complexes the device structure. Second, injection of minority electrons is critical for enhancing the luminescence characteristics of p‐type polymer based LECs, and the enhanced electron injection is achieved more effectively by modifying the work function of the cathode than by changing the cations. Third, for p‐type PLECs with a low‐work function cathode, careful selection of anions can drastically change the device performance, which are involved in the p‐type electrochemically doping process.
Reactivity of Binary and Ternary Sulfur Halides towards Transition‐Metal Compounds
Authors: Dirican Dilcan , Pfister Nils , Wozniak Martin , Braun Thomas
Published: December 2019

Binary sulfur fluorides exhibit an interesting reactivity towards transition metal complexes. They open up routes for the generation of sulfur‐containing building blocks. Often ligands with particular properties can be constructed. This includes their ability to transfer sulfur atoms or polysulfide units as well as fluorination reactions. This Minireview provides an insight into the reactivity of the binary and ternary sulfur halides S2Cl2, SCl2, SF4, SF6 and SF5Cl towards transition‐metal compounds.
Bottom‐up Design of Bimetallic Cobalt–Molybdenum Carbides/Oxides for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Rongji , Anjass Montaha , Greiner Simon , Liu Si , Gao Dandan , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Zhang Guangjin , Streb Carsten
Published: December 2019

Earth‐abundant transition‐metal‐based catalysts for electrochemical water splitting are critical for sustainable energy schemes. In this work, we use a rational design method for the synthesis of ultrasmall and highly dispersed bimetallic CoMo carbide/oxide particles deposited on graphene oxide. Thermal conversion of the molecular precursors [H3PMo12O40], Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O and melamine in the presence of graphene oxide gives the mixed carbide/oxide (Co6Mo6C2/Co2Mo3O8) nanoparticle composite deposited on highly dispersed, N,P‐doped carbon. The resulting composite shows outstanding electrocatalytic water‐splitting activity for both the oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reaction, and superior performance to reference samples including commercial 20 % Pt/C & IrO2. Electrochemical and other materials analyses indicate that Co6Mo6C2 is the main active phase in the composite, and the N,P‐doping of the carbon matrix increases the catalytic activity. The facile design could in principle be extended to multiple bimetallic catalyst classes by tuning of the molecular metal oxide precursor.
Aerogeles – Modern Functional Materials for Chemistry Lessons?
Authors: Fenner Christiane , Gräb Patrick , Reichenauer Gudrun , Scherdel Christian , Beierle Kristina , Geidel Ekkehard
Published: December 2019

Aerogele zeichnen sich als moderne Funktionswerkstoffe durch herausragende und gezielt modifizierbare Eigenschaften aus. Diese beruhen auf ihrer spezifischen hochporösen Struktur. Die daraus resultierende Vielzahl hochinteressanter Einsatzmöglichkeiten macht die Stoffklasse zum Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Im Beitrag wird eine an schulische Gegebenheiten angepasste Synthese und Trocknung eines organisch modifizierten Silica‐Aerogels vorgestellt. Die Charakterisierungen der so hergestellten Proben belegen die aerogeltypischen Eigenschaften des erhaltenen Materials. Abschließend werden unterrichtliche Einsatzmöglichkeiten anhand von einfachen Freihandversuchen und Überlegungen zur didaktischen Einbettung aufgezeigt.
Construction of Defective Zinc–Cadmium–Sulfur Nanorods for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution Without the Use of Sacrificial Agents or Cocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Ling Xiang , Liu Guoshuai , Xu Yangsen , Xiao Shuning , Zhang Qitao , Yang Xun , Qiu Chuntian , Mi Hongwei , Su Chenliang
Published: December 2019

Solar‐driven H2 evolution is an essential process for sustainable energy development. Currently, the greatest challenge is the development of efficient photocatalysts to drive this reaction, especially in pure water systems (without the use of a sacrificial agent). In this study, structural defects in Zn–Cd–S nanorod photocatalysts are found to increase charge separation efficiency significantly by sevenfold. Efficient H2 evolution (352.7 μmol h−1 g−1, 100 mg of catalyst) is achieved by using this defective Zn–Cd–S nanorod photocatalyst in the absence of sacrificial agents and precious metal cocatalysts under visible‐light irradiation. Thus, this cocatalyst‐ and sacrificial‐agent‐free, visible‐light‐responsive system shows remarkable potential as a new artificial photosynthesis route for green H2 production.
Limitation of complementary resources affects colony growth, foraging behavior, and reproduction in bumble bees
Authors: Requier Fabrice , Jowanowitsch Kim K. , Kallnik Katharina , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf
Published: December 2019

Resource availability in agricultural landscapes has been disturbed for many organisms, including pollinator species. Abundance and diversity in flower availability benefit bee populations; however, little is known about which of protein or carbohydrate resources may limit their growth and reproductive performance. Here, we test the hypothesis of complementary resource limitation using a supplemental feeding approach. We applied this assumption with bumble bees (Bombus terrestris), assuming that colony growth and reproductive performance should depend on the continuous supply of carbohydrates and proteins, through the foraging for nectar and pollen, respectively. We placed wild‐caught bumble bee colonies along a landscape gradient of seminatural habitats, and monitored the colonies’ weight, foraging activity, and reproductive performance during the whole colony cycle. We performed supplemental feeding as an indicator of landscape resource limitation, using a factorial design consisting of the addition of sugar water (carbohydrate, supplemented or not) crossed by pollen (protein, supplemented or not). Bumble bee colony dynamics showed a clear seasonal pattern with a period of growth followed by a period of stagnation. Higher abundance of seminatural habitats resulted in reducing the proportion of pollen foragers relative to all foragers in both periods, and in improving the reproductive performance of bumble bees. Interestingly, the supplemental feeding of sugar water positively affected the colony weight during the stagnation period, and the supplemental feeding of pollen mitigated the landscape effect on pollen collection investment. Single and combined supplementation of sugar water and pollen increased the positive effect of seminatural habitats on reproductive performance. This study reveals a potential colimitation in pollen and nectar resources affecting foraging behavior and reproductive performance in bumble bees, and indicates that even in mixed agricultural landscapes with higher proportions of seminatural habitats, bumble bee populations face resource limitations. We conclude that the seasonal management of floral resources must be considered in conservation to support bumble bee populations and pollination services in farmlands.
Thermal niche diversity and trophic redundancy drive neutral effects of warming on energy flux through a stream food web
Authors: Nelson Daniel , Benstead Jonathan P. , Huryn Alexander D. , Cross Wyatt F. , Hood James M. , Johnson Philip W. , Junker James R. , Gíslason Gísli M. , Ólafsson Jón S.
Published: December 2019

Climate warming is predicted to alter routing and flows of energy through food webs because of the critical and varied effects of temperature on physiological rates, community structure, and trophic dynamics. Few studies, however, have experimentally assessed the net effect of warming on energy flux and food web dynamics in natural intact communities. Here, we test how warming affects energy flux and the trophic basis of production in a natural invertebrate food web by experimentally heating a stream reach in southwest Iceland by ~4°C for 2 yr and comparing its response to an unheated reference stream. Previous results from this experiment showed that warming led to shifts in the structure of the invertebrate assemblage, with estimated increases in total metabolic demand but no change in annual secondary production. We hypothesized that elevated metabolic demand and invariant secondary production would combine to increase total consumption of organic matter in the food web, if diet composition did not change appreciably with warming. Dietary composition of primary consumers indeed varied little between streams and among years, with gut contents primarily consisting of diatoms (72.9%) and amorphous detritus (19.5%). Diatoms dominated the trophic basis of production of primary consumers in both study streams, contributing 79–86% to secondary production. Although warming increased the flux of filamentous algae within the food web, total resource consumption did not increase as predicted. The neutral net effect of warming on total energy flow through the food web was a result of taxon‐level variation in responses to warming, a neutral effect on total invertebrate production, and strong trophic redundancy within the invertebrate assemblage. Thus, food webs characterized by a high degree of trophic redundancy may be more resistant to the effects of climate warming than those with more diverse and specialized consumers.
Improving spatial predictions of animal resource selection to guide conservation decision making
Authors: Gerber Brian D. , Northrup Joseph M.
Published: December 2019

Resource selection is often studied by ecologists interested in the environmental drivers of animal space use and movement. These studies commonly produce spatial predictions, which are of considerable utility to resource managers making habitat and population management decisions. It is thus paramount that predictions from resource selection studies are accurate. We evaluated model building and fitting strategies for optimizing resource selection function predictions in a use‐availability framework. We did so by simulating low‐ and high‐intensity spatial sampling data that respectively predicted study area and movement‐based resource selection. We compared one of the most commonly used forms of statistical regularization, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), with the lesser used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). LASSO predictions were less variable and more accurate than AIC and were often best when considering additive and interacting variables. We explicitly demonstrate the predictive equivalence using the logistic and Poisson likelihoods and how it is lost when the available sample is too small. Regardless of modeling approach, interpreting the sign of coefficients as a measure of selection can be misleading when optimizing for prediction.
Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and outcomes in patients with coronary disease and heart failure
Authors: Elgendy Islam Y. , Hill James A. , Szady Anita D. , Gong Yan , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. , Pepine Carl J.
Published: December 2019

Aims

Data regarding the optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with hypertension and a history of heart failure (HF) are limited. Accordingly, using data from a large clinical trial, we investigated the association between SBP and heart rate and subsequent adverse outcomes in CAD patients with a history of HF, and we aimed to better understand how pre‐existing HF impacts outcomes among patients with CAD.

Methods and results

Among 22 576 CAD patients enrolled in the INternational VErapamil SR‐Trandolapril STudy (INVEST), 1256 were identified with a history of physician‐diagnosed HF New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class 1–3 at entry. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. Cox proportional‐hazards models adjusted for pre‐specified covariates were constructed to estimate risk among the HF cohort compared with a case‐matched sample from the non‐HF cohort. At a mean 2.5 years' follow‐up, those with prior HF had a higher risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio (HR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval 2.30–2.83, P < 0.0001). Among those with history of HF, a low (<120 mmHg) or high (>140 mmHg) SBP and heart rate ≥ 85 b.p.m. were associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, which persisted after covariate adjustment.

Conclusions

In patients with CAD, a physician diagnosis of HF at baseline portended a higher risk for death, MI, or stroke than in those without an HF history. Achieving SBP of 120–140 mmHg and heart rate < 85 b.p.m. was associated with a better outcome in patients with known HF and CAD.
The NpV and PuV Carbonate Systems: Thermodynamics and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Aupiais Jean , Alexandre Jean‐Charles , Sicre Rémi , Siberchicot Bruno , Topin Sylvain , Moisy Philippe , Dacheux Nicolas
Published: December 2019

New stability constants for NpV and PuV carbonates have been established by coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) and ICP‐MS at the ionic strength of 0.202 mol/kgwater in NaClO4 and at various temperatures. The thermodynamic data [variation of the molar enthalpy, ΔrHm(T°) and entropy, ΔrSm(T) of reaction] associated with the formation of the AnO2CO3– (An = Np, Pu), AnO2(CO3)23–, and AnO2(CO4)35– complexes were determined. A drastic decrease in molar entropy was observed between the second and third complexes, suggesting important structural changes. Ab initio molecular dynamics showed that the 1:3 complex is formed with two carbonate ligands located at a shorter distance and one at a longer distance, suggesting that the closer ligands are coordinated in a bidentate fashion to the plutonyl(V) moiety whereas the third ligand is monodentate. The variation of the electrophoretic mobilities as function of charge/size ratio confirms unambiguously that the triscarbonate complex of pentavalent plutonium structurally differs from that of hexavalent plutonium where all carbonates anions are bidentate.
Effectiveness of friction dampers on the seismic behavior of high rise building VS shear wall system
Authors: Armaly Majd , Damerji Hala , Hallal Jaafar , Fakih Mahmoud
Published: December 2019

The increase in population especially in third world countries demands taller, more flexible, and lighter buildings. Most of these countries are subjected to a high risk of earthquakes, which requires more control of building seismic response. However, several techniques exist to minimize the vibrations induced by an earthquake shock. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of using friction dampers as a passive dissipative device and proposes some design optimization of the number and position of dampers in the building. Friction dampers offer a supplemental damping in conjunction with appropriate stiffness, offering an innovative and attractive solution for the seismic response control of tall structures in risky areas. The originality of this work is in the detailed seismic study of an asymmetric reinforced concrete (RC) building, located in a risky seismic zone and using real earthquake seismic waves. The seismic response of this dissipative structural method is compared with the response of the conventional method (shear wall system) for the high rise building. To accomplish this objective, a nonlinear modal time history analysis using the El Centro earthquake record for a 40‐storey RC high rise building, is performed with four different damper type formats using ETABS software. To illustrate the response improvement by dampers, storey accelerations, storey displacements, base shear forces, and storey drifts are compared with a conventional fixed base system (shear wall system) for the same building. Results show that using an optimum position and number of dampers, a tall building can remain operational during a seism.
Volatility term structures in commodity markets
Authors: Hollstein Fabian , Prokopczuk Marcel , Würsig Christoph
Published: December 2019

In this study, we comprehensively examine the volatility term structures in commodity markets. We model state‐dependent spillovers in principal components (PCs) of the volatility term structures of different commodities, as well as that of the equity market. We detect strong economic links and a substantial interconnectedness of the volatility term structures of commodities. Accounting for intra‐commodity‐market spillovers significantly improves out‐of‐sample forecasts of the components of the volatility term structure. Spillovers following macroeconomic news announcements account for a large proportion of this forecast power. There thus seems to be substantial information transmission between different commodity markets.
Peristaltic flow of Buongiorno model nanofluids within a sinusoidal wall surface used in drug delivery
Authors: Gajbhare Bhimanand Pandurang , Krishnaprasad J. S. V. R. , Mishra Satyaranjan
Published: December 2019

The current paper deals with the radiative heat transfer of the peristaltic flow of the Buongiorno model nanofluid through a two‐dimensional channel with a sinusoidal wall surface. A particular form of fluid transport occurring through progressive wave of expansion or contraction generating along a distensible tube containing fluid is known as peristaltic pumping, which takes place from the lower pressure region to the higher pressure region. Peristaltic transport finds several applications, such as blood pumping in heart, lung, and pharmacological delivery systems, and industrial applications—sanitary fluid transport, corrosive fluids transport, and so on. An approximate analytical solution is employed for the solution of the system of transformed differential equations with prescribed boundary conditions. The influences of physical parameters characterizing the flow phenomena are obtained and presented via graphs. The result warrants a good correlation with earlier studies in particular case. The following are the main findings: thermophoresis is favorable to enhance the fluid temperature near the channel center and also the axial velocity increases as an increase in the thermal buoyancy parameter. However, the main findings are elaborated in Section 3.
Atomistic Insights into Photoprotein Formation: Computational Prediction of the Properties of Coelenterazine and Oxygen Binding in Obelin
Authors: Griffiths Thomas M. , Oakley Aaron J. , Yu Haibo
Published: December 2019

Bioluminescence in marine systems is dominated by the use of coelenterazine for light production. The bioluminescent reaction of coelenterazine is an enzyme catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation: coelenterazine reacts with molecular oxygen to form carbon dioxide, coelenteramide, and light. One such class is the Ca2+‐regulated photoproteins. These proteins bind coelenterazine and oxygen, and trap 2‐hydroperoxycoelenterazine, an intermediate along the reaction pathway. The reaction is halted until Ca2+ binding triggers the completion of the reaction. There are currently no reported experimental, atomistic descriptions of this ternary Michaelis complex. This study utilized computational techniques to develop an atomistic model of the Michaelis complex. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the interactions between four tautomeric/protonation states of coelenterazine and wide‐type and mutant obelin. Only minor differences in binding modes were observed across all systems. Interestingly, no basic residues were identified in the vicinity of the N7‐nitrogen of coelenterazine. This observation was surprising considering that deprotonation at this position is a key mechanistic step in the proposed bioluminescent reaction. This work suggests that coelenterazine binds either as the O10H tautomer, or in the deprotonated form. Implicit ligand sampling simulations were used to identify potential O2 binding and migration pathways within obelin. A key oxygen binding site was identified close to the coelenterazine imidazopyrazinone core. The O2 binding free energy was observed to be dependent on the protonation state of coelenterazine. Taken together, the description of the obelin–coelenterazine‐O2 complexes established in this study provides the basis for future computational studies of the bioluminescent mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 1H‐isochromenes, 4H‐chromenes, and ortho‐aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes from the same reactants by using metal‐free catalyst
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Mohammadi Somaye
Published: December 2019

A facile and rapid multicomponent synthesis of pharmaceutically diverse 1H‐isochromenes, 4H‐chromenes, and ortho‐aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes has been developed from benzaldehyde, malononitrile, and cyclohexanone. Three different methods from the same reactants, solvent, temperature, and catalyst lead to three products with excellent yields. All the reactions were followed with the Michael addition and cyclization. In this study, morpholine was used as an active metal‐free base catalyst that increases the yields of products and decreases the time of reactions.
A climatological study of the wet and dry conditions in the pre‐summer monsoon season of the Philippines
Authors: Olaguera Lyndon Mark P. , Matsumoto Jun
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the climatology of the wet and dry conditions in the pre‐summer monsoon season of the Philippines that are less emphasized in previous works. Wet cases (Type W), which account for about 23% of the total pre‐summer monsoon days from 1979 to 2015, are identified from April 1 to the monsoon onset defined by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). The differences between the Type W and dry cases (Type D) are presented. The synoptic conditions associated with the Type W and Type D cases are sub‐divided into two sub‐types based on the wind conditions, the (a) westerly winds at 925 hPa (WINDS
925hPa) intrusion over Luzon Island (120°–122.5°E, 12.5°–22°N) (Type WW and Type DW), and (b) enhanced easterly WINDS
925hPa (Type WE and Type DE). The Type WE (Type WW) cases account for about 63.9% (36.1%) of the total Type W cases, while the Type DE (Type DW) cases account for about 88.1% (11.9%) of the total Type D cases. A subset of Type WE cases (Type WEDef), which features an eastward propagating cold front to the north of Luzon Island and an intensifying anticyclone to its west originating from the east of the Tibetan Plateau and their differences are also examined. These two opposing circulations interact with the subtropical high over the northern Pacific and the easterlies over Luzon Island, and form a deformation zone. The confluence region of this deformation zone, where the cold front interacts with the warm and humid air brought by the easterly WINDS
925hPa, lies over Luzon Island and contributes to the convective activities during the pre‐summer monsoon over this region. This is the first attempt to clarify and document the role of deformation zones as another synoptic‐scale convective system during the pre‐summer monsoon season of the country.
Overview of ultrasound applications for assessing scrotal disorders
Authors: Schwarze Vincent , Marschner Constantin , Rübenthaler Johannes , Negrão de Figueiredo Giovanna , Clevert Dirk‐Andre
Published: December 2019

The scrotum may be affected by a plethora of different disorders such as infections, vasculopathies, trauma, and manifestations of primary and secondary malignant masses. In addition to the patient's medical history and clinical examination, ultrasound represents the imaging modality of choice to assess scrotal disorders. Time‐consuming contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and elastography can provide further information to distinguish between benign and malignant testicular mass lesions. The following invited Special Communication gives a comprehensive overview of differential diagnoses of the scrotum and their corresponding sonomorphologic correlates based on representative cases of the Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Center of the University Hospital Munich.
The N‐coupled higher‐order nonlinear Schrödinger equation: Riemann‐Hilbert problem and multi‐soliton solutions
Authors: Yang Jin‐Jie , Tian Shou‐Fu , Peng Wei‐Qi , Zhang Tian‐Tian
Published: December 2019

In this work, the Riemann‐Hilbert (RH) problem of the N‐coupled high‐order nonlinear Schrödinger (N‐CHNLS) equations is studied carefully, which controls the propagation of N fields with all high‐order effects such as high‐order dispersion, self‐steepening effect, and Raman scattering in optical fiber. The spectral analysis of the Lax pair associated with a (2N+1)×(2N+1) matrix spectral problem for the N‐CHNLS equations is firstly carried out, from which a kind of RH problem is structured. Then a series of multi‐soliton solutions including breather, bright, and dark solutions for the N‐CHNLS equations can be formulated by the RH problem with the reflection‐less case. In addition, with N=4 taken as an example, the propagation behavior of these solutions and their interactions are presented by selecting appropriate parameters with some graphics.
No reason for not learning lessons: There are many valuable resources out there!
Authors: Ng Lucas , Kiang Hong
Published: December 2019

There were many wake‐up calls in past decades right from the early industrialized Europe to the present century, from the Americas and to Asia. In Asia, the most prominent process safety incident was the 1984 Bhopal accident in India that greatly impacted the chemical industry. Today, it is the prerequisite for the management of major hazards installations (MHIs) such as petroleum refining, petrochemical manufacturing facilities, and chemical processing plants to be fully aware of their responsibility to ensure meeting safety, health, and environment requirements. Any MHI failure would not only lead to operation slowdown that result in financial loss, but also to worst‐case scenarios. One typical example is hazardous material release to the atmosphere as occurred in Bhopal which can result in catastrophic consequence.We must always maintain a sense of vulnerability, learning from past incidents, adherence to code of practices, and standards for new as well as existing equipment. Such a proactive approach will definitely reduce the risk of MHI to as low as reasonably applicable.
House fly resistance to chlorantraniliprole: cross resistance patterns, stability and associated fitness costs
Authors: Shah Rizwan Mustafa , Shad Sarfraz Ali
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is an important public health pest that serves as a carrier for pathogens transmitting various diseases of man and animals. It is well known for rapid resistance development to insecticides applied for its chemical control. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide, a ryanodine receptor agonist, is a promising agent for the integrated pest management of various insect pests. To design a retrospective resistance management strategy, life history traits of the chlorantraniliprole laboratory‐selected (CTPR‐SEL) and unselected counterpart (UNSEL) sub‐populations of a field strain and their reciprocal crosses were studied.

RESULTS

After eight generations of consecutive selection with chlorantraniliprole, a 750‐fold resistance level when compared to a susceptible strain and a 124‐fold resistance level when compared to the UNSEL strain had developed in CTPR‐SEL. Very low cross resistance to bifenthrin but no cross resistance to spinosad and fipronil was observed in the CTPR‐SEL strain. Results of the fitness traits suggest that the CTPR‐SEL has a lower relative fitness (0.34), reduced fecundity, a decrease in eggs hatchability, lower biotic potential and net reproductive rate as compared to the UNSEL strain. Interestingly, chlorantraniliprole resistance was unstable in the CTPR‐SEL.

CONCLUSIONS

Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance suggest that the efficacy of this insecticide could be preserved for a prolonged duration of time by alternating its use with insecticides having dissimilar modes of action and no cross resistance. When cross‐resistance is absent, a sequence of two insecticides is expected to be more durable than a mixture unless the population's h2 of resistance to the mixture is less than half of the mean of the population's h2 of resistance to the two individual components of the mixture. Unstable chlorantraniliprole resistance could also help to sustain its efficacy by being withdrawn from usage for some period of time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A bioeconomic approach to sustainable development: Incorporating ecological thresholds within intergenerational efficiency
Authors: Bithas Kostas
Published: December 2019

The sustainability debate among economists, and between economists and other scholars, has long been dominated by monolithic approaches, which inhibit policy relevance and social influence. At the same time, certain sustainability policies usually lack a theoretical foundation, a fact that makes policy design and evaluation a fragmented process. Here, we delineate an axiomatic approach for sustainability, which incorporates functionally, within the science of economics, operational elements from biology and ecology. To this end, sustainability is defined on the basis of intergenerational efficiency, maximization of intergenerational welfare, whereas the welfare potentials of future generations are explicitly taken into account and assigned equal importance with those of the current generation. This paper focuses on the dependency of intergenerational efficiency on the natural capital and attempts to define the natural capital that is necessary for ensuring efficiency.

We indicate that intergenerational efficiency necessitates the preservation of biological integrity as well as the healthy functioning and resilience of ecosystems. In order to make these conditions operational, we prove that the preservation of crucial biological–ecological threshold arises as the necessary condition for intergeneration efficiency. The operational concept of threshold can be incorporated within economic analyses and inspire sustainability design without the need of assigning fugacious prices to biological assets and services.
Artful sustainability governance—Foundational considerations on sensory‐informed policymaking for sustainable development
Authors: Heinrichs Harald
Published: December 2019

(Un)sustainable developments are a significant challenge for state and nonstate actors from global to local level. Within the framework of the United Nations Transformation Agenda 2030 and the global Sustainable Development Goals, state institutions have a particular responsibility in guiding the process. In order to secure acceptance, this article claims that sustainability governance should aim to bring about well‐being‐oriented transformations. In this regard, besides cognitive insight into the need for change, the multisensorial dimensions of human existence in general as well as in everyday social practices in particular should be more systematically taken into account. Foundational conceptual and methodological considerations on sensory‐informed policymaking for sustainable development are discussed.
The politics of un‐truth and the assemblage of sexuality: Revisiting the Foucauldian methodology in studying sexuality in post‐revolutionary Iran
Authors: Rezaei‐Toroghi Mehran
Published: December 2019

Sexuality studies in Iran have been influenced by Foucauldian social constructivism. Given that this theory is based on western history and its special politics of truth, the significant question is, how could we apply this theoretical framework, considering the different politics of truth in Iran? While truth‐telling has a leading role in constructing modern sexuality in European countries (through Parrhesia, confession, interviews), discouragement to tell the truth about sex and avoid confession is a common maxim strongly advised by Islamic moral codes, juridical system, sexual language, social relations, and the official policies. To illustrate this difference, I will study how a distinctive strategy is dominated in the jurisprudential/legal, linguistic, and political context. Nonetheless, due to modernization of the society, another “will to know” is exercised by political and civil society to incite people to discourse. Accordingly, I suggest a complicated juxtaposition of two regimes of truth in Iran, which work paradoxically. The idea of assemblage as a set of relations, which are extending and contingent would be explicative in understanding this complexity.
Multiple testing approaches for hypotheses in integrative genomics
Authors: Rudra Pratyaydipta , Cruz‐Cortés Efrén , Zhang Xuhong , Ghosh Debashis
Published: December 2019

With the explosion in available technologies for measuring many biological phenomena on a large scale, there have been concerted efforts in a variety of biological and medical settings to perform systems biology analyses. A crucial question then becomes how to combine data across the various large‐scale data types. This article reviews the data types that can be considered and treats so‐called horizontal and vertical integration analyses. This article focuses on the use of multiple testing approaches in order to perform integrative analyses. Two questions help to clarify the class of procedures that should be used. The first deals with whether a horizontal or vertical integration is being performed. The second is if there is a priority for a given platform. Based on the answers to these questions, we review various methodologies that could be applied.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods

Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics
Recent advances on small‐molecule nanomedicines for cancer treatment
Authors: Xue Xiangdong , Lindstrom Aaron , Qu Haijing , Li Yuanpei
Published: December 2019

Nanomedicines have made important contributions in the development of cancer therapies due to their tumor selectivity, multifunctionality, and synergistic effect between the payloads. In addition to the required pharmaceutical ingredients, nanomedicines are generally composed of nonpharmaceutical excipients. These excipients generally form a large proportion of the nanomedicine, and they may have potential toxicity and greatly increase the cost for drug development. Small molecule nanomedicines (SMNs) minimize or abandon the excipients and are directly assembled from pharmaceutical ingredients, which can largely improve the drug delivery efficiency and biosafety while also relieving the financial burden of drug development. In this review, we summarize recently developed SMNs that are composed of a single drug, physical mixtures of multiple drugs, drug–drug covalent conjugates, dyes with drugs, photosensitizers with drugs, photosensitizers with peptides, and drugs with peptides. This review focuses on the SMN's applications in cancer treatments, their limitations, and the future development outlook of SMNs. We hope that our insights on SMNs may be helpful to the future of drug development and make nanomedicine more powerful in the battle with cancer.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Lewis Fry Richardson – A Pioneer Not Forgotten
Authors: Gleditsch Nils Petter
Published: December 2019

Lewis F Richardson, a physicist by training, remains a towering presence in two academic subjects, meteorology and peace research. Prizes are named for him in both fields. This chapter introduces a collection of articles assessing Richardson’s legacy and his enduring influence in the social sciences. It reviews his citations as an indication of the range of his influence and discusses his impact in five areas of social science: the study of arms races, data collection on deadly quarrels, the stability of the long peace, the role of geography in conflict, and the role of mathematics in peace studies. It also includes a brief discussion of the conscience of a scholar with regard to preparations for war.
Richardson and the Study of Dynamic Conflict Processes
Authors: Kadera Kelly M. , Crescenzi Mark , Zinnes Dina A.
Published: December 2019

Lewis Fry Richardson made foundational contributions to the study of international relations. In this chapter, we examine his agenda-setting impact on the study of dynamics, time, and processes, especially conflict processes. We highlight the presence of Richardsonian dynamics in various formal and empirical models of peace and conflict. In so doing we emphasize the role of feedback and interactions in Richardson’s models as well as other dynamic models, game-theoretic models, evolutionary game-theory and agent-based models, and quantitative empirical analyses. To show how these early foundations still inform research today, we then demonstrate how current research leverages dynamics to yield important insights concerning the origins and evolution of conflict such as when to expect norms of reciprocity to be present and to enable peace or exacerbate violence.
Model-independent method for measuring the angular coefficients of B0 → D∗−τ +ντ decays
Authors: Hill Donal , John Malcolm , Ke Wenqi , Poluektov Anton
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Reconstruction of the B0→ D∗−τ+ντ angular distribution is complicated by the strongly biasing effect of losing the neutrino information from both the B and τ decays. In this work, a novel method for making unbiased measurements of the angular coefficients while preserving the model independence of the angular technique is demonstrated. The twelve angular functions that describe the signal decay, in addition to background terms, are modelled in a multidimensional fit, using template probability density functions that encapsulate all resolution and acceptance effects. Sensitivities at the LHCb and Belle II experiments are estimated, and sources of systematic uncertainty are discussed, notably in the extrapolation to a measurement of R(D∗).
The electro-weak couplings of the top and bottom quarks — Global fit and future prospects
Authors: Durieux Gauthier , Irles Adrian , Miralles Víctor , Peñuelas Ana , Perelló Martín , Pöschl Roman , Vos Marcel
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We evaluate the implications of LHC and LEP/SLC measurements for the electro-weak couplings of the top and bottom quarks. We derive global bounds on the Wilson coefficients of ten two-fermion operators in an effective field theory description. The combination of hadron collider data withZ-pole measurements is found to yield tight limits on the operator coefficients that modify the left-handed couplings of the bottom and top quark to theZboson. We also present projections for the high-luminosity phase of the LHC and for future electron-positron colliders. The bounds on the operator coefficients are expected to improve substantially during the remaining LHC programme, by factors of 1 to 5 if systematic uncertainties are scaled as statistical ones. The operation of ane+e−collider at a center-of-mass energy above the top-quark pair production threshold is expected to further improve the bounds by one to two orders of magnitude. The combination of measurements inppande+e−collisions allows for a percent-level determination of the top-quark Yukawa coupling, that is robust in a global fit.
Unmixedness and arithmetic properties of matroidal ideals
Authors: Saremi Hero , Mafi Amir
Published: December 2019

Let $$R=k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$$R=k[x1,…,xn] be the polynomial ring in n variables over a field k and let I be a matroidal ideal of degree d. In this paper, we study the unmixedness properties and the arithmetical rank of I. Moreover, we show that $$ara(I)=n-d+1$$ara(I)=n-d+1. This answers the conjecture made by Chiang-Hsieh (Comm Algebra 38:944–952, 2010, Conjecture).
Treating a subtotal degloving ring avulsion with leeches: an unusual case report with review of the literature
Authors: Wagner T. , Slater N. , Ulrich D.
Published: December 2019

Subtotal deglovement injuries with delayed presentation give rise to the question: how to treat the mangled soft tissue to best keep the digit alive and functioning. We hereby present a case of a 59-year-old woman who was referred to our clinic 7 h after initial trauma from a peripheral hospital where an instant repositioning of a subtotal degloved skin envelop of her left middle finger had taken place with only minimal adhesion and circulation at the top of the finger left intact. On X-ray, a small avulsion fracture of her distal interphalangeal joint was visible but flexion and extension was intact at proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint level on examination. On arrival, we saw a finger with minimal reconstituted blood circulation and livid skin. Further treatment consisted of onsite debridement and primary suturing of the involved skin, followed by leech therapy the next week, and consecutive split-skin grafting 6 weeks later to cover minor residual defects. Further clinical course was uneventful and showed good clinical and esthetic results. We hereby present the patient’s clinical outcome and review of the literature for further evidence of our treatment regime.

Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
Bowel ultrasound measurements in healthy children — systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Wassenaer Elsa A. , de Voogd Floris A. E. , van Rijn Rick R. , van der Lee Johanna H. , Tabbers Merit M. , van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi S. , Kindermann Angelika , de Meij Tim G. J. , Gecse K. B. , D’Haens Geert R. , Benninga Marc A. , Koot Bart G. P.
Published: December 2019

Background

Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive method of assessing the bowel that can be used to screen for bowel pathology, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in children. Knowledge about US findings of the bowel in healthy children is important for interpreting US results in cases where disease is suspected.

Objective

To assess the bowel wall thickness in different bowel segments in healthy children and to assess differences in bowel wall thickness among pediatric age categories.

Materials and methods

We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases for studies describing bowel wall thickness measured by transabdominal US in healthy children. We excluded studies using contrast agent. We calculated the pooled mean and standard deviation scores and assessed differences among age categories (0–4 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, 15–18 years), first with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further with subsequent Student’s t-tests for independent samples, corrected for multiple testing.

Results

We identified 191 studies and included 7 of these studies in the systematic review. Reported bowel wall thickness values ranged from 0.8 mm to 1.9 mm in the small bowel and from 1.0 mm to 1.9 mm in the colon. The mean colonic bowel wall thickness is larger in children ages 15–19 years compared to 0–4 years (range in difference: 0.3–0.5 mm [corrected P<0.02]).

Conclusion

The reported upper limit of bowel wall thickness in healthy children is 1.9 mm in the small bowel and the colon, and mean thickness increases slightly with age in jejunum and colon. These values can be used as guidance when screening for bowel-related pathology in children.
Narrower QRS may be enough to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy in lightweight patients
Authors: Nakai Toshiko , Mano Hiroaki , Ikeya Yukitoshi , Aizawa Yoshihiro , Kurokawa Sayaka , Ohkubo Kimie , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo
Published: December 2019

A prolonged QRS duration (QRSd) is promising for a response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The variation in human body sizes may affect the QRSd. We hypothesized that conduction disturbances may exist in Japanese even with a narrow (< 130 ms)-QRS complex; such patients could be CRT candidates. We investigated the relationships between QRSd and sex and body size in Japanese. We retrospectively analyzed the values of 338 patients without heart failure (HF) (controls) and 199 CRT patients: 12-lead electrocardiographically determined QRSd, left ventricular diastolic and systolic diameters (LVDd and LVDs), body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), and LVEF. We investigated the relationships between the QRSd and BSA, BMI, and LVD. The men’s and women’s BSA values were 1.74 m2 and 1.48 m2 in the controls (p < 0.0001), and 1.70 m2 and 1.41 m2 in the CRT patients (p < 0.0001). The men’s and women’s QRSd values were 96.1 ms and 87.4 ms in the controls (p < 0.0001), and 147.8 ms and 143.9 ms in the CRT group (p = 0.4633). In the controls, all body size and LVD variables were positively associated with QRSd. The CRT response rate did not differ significantly among narrow-, mid-, and wide-QRS groups (83.6%, 91.3%, 92.4%). An analysis of the ROC curve provided a QRS cutoff value of 114 ms for CRT responder. The QRSd appears to depend somewhat on body size in patients without HF. The CRT response rate was better than reported values even in patients with a narrow QRSd (< 130 ms). When patients are considered for CRT, a QRSd > 130 ms may not be necessary, and the current JCS guidelines appear to be appropriate.