bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Fan Bohan , Zhang Junmeng , Zhao Jie V.
Published: November 2024

Background

We systematically reviewed Mendelian randomization (MR) studies and summarized evidence on the potential effects of different antihypertensive drugs on health.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Embase for MR studies evaluating the effects of antihypertensive drug classes on health outcomes until 22 May 2024. We extracted data on study characteristics and findings, assessed study quality, and compared the evidence with that from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Results

We identified 2643 studies in the search, of which 37 studies were included. These studies explored a wide range of health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, immune function and infection, and other outcomes. There is strong evidence supporting the protective effects of genetically proxied antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular diseases. We found strong protective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on diabetes whereas beta-blockers showed adverse effects. ACE inhibitors might increase the risk of psoriasis, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease but did not affect COVID-19. There is strong evidence that ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are beneficial for kidney and immune function, and CCBs showed a safe profile for disorders of pregnancy. Most studies have high quality. RCT evidence supports the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and CCBs on stroke, diabetes, and kidney function. However, there is a lack of reliable RCTs to confirm the associations with other diseases.

Conclusions

Evidence of the benefits and off-target effects of antihypertensive drugs contribute to clinical decision-making, pharmacovigilance, and the identification of drug repurposing opportunities.
Traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) use among PLHIV on antiretroviral medication
Authors: Denu Mawulorm KI , Buadu Maame Araba E. , Adrah Frederick , Normeshie Cornelius A. , Berko Kofi Poku
Published: November 2024

Background

Traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) are products and practices that differ from conventional allopathic medicine. There continues to be an increase in the use of these methods of treatment in developed and developing countries worldwide. This often owes to the perceived ability of these treatment methods to cure chronic medical conditions like HIV. However, TCAM use among PLHIV may be associated with reduced compliance with antiretroviral medications, resulting in poor viral load suppression and increased risk for opportunistic infections. The concomitant use of antiretroviral drugs and TCAM practices may be influenced by some sociodemographic and health-related factors.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of TCAM use and examine the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with its use among PLHIV on antiretroviral medications at the Infectious Disease unit of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among attendants at an adult HIV clinic. 420 study participants were selected by systematic sampling. Data related to TCAM use, sociodemographic and health-related factors were collected using a standardized questionnaire and patient chart review. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the association between TCAM use, sociodemographic and health-related factors.

Results

Of the 420 study participants, majority were female (76.2%) and urban community dwellers (77.9%). 77.4% of participants had been diagnosed with HIV for $$\:\ge\:$$ 5 years and had been on anti-retroviral medications for more than 5 years. The prevalence of TCAM use among PLHIV was 25.2%. No sociodemographic or HIV-related health factor was significantly associated with TCAM use in the study population.

Conclusion

TCAM use was high among PLHIV. No sociodemographic or health-related factor was found to be associated with TCAM use. Further studies employing a qualitative approach using key informant interviews and focused group discussions are needed to explore reasons for its use. Care providers and policy-makers should look beyond sociodemographic and health-related factors in addressing TCAM use among PLHIV.
Subcutaneous delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells induces immunoregulatory effects in the lymph node prior to their apoptosis
Authors: Zheng Di , Bhuvan Tejasvini , Payne Natalie L. , Pang Swee H. M. , Mendonca Senora , Hutchinson Mark R. , McKinnirey Flyn , Morgan Charlotte , Vesey Graham , Meagher Laurence , Heng Tracy S. P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy commonly involves systemic infusion of MSCs, which undergo apoptosis in the lung and induce immunoregulatory macrophages that reduce disease. The relevance of this mode of action, however, is yet to be determined for MSCs administered via other routes. Here, we administered MSCs via subcutaneous (SC) injection into inflamed tissue and investigated the immunomodulatory effects on the local lymph node (LN), which is a major site for the initiation and regulation of immune responses.

Methods

A mouse model of localised skin inflammation was established with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to in vivo prime adipose-derived MSCs delivered via SC injection. We then analysed the immunomodulatory changes in the LN draining the inflamed tissue, as well as the neutrophil TNF response to LPS re-exposure.

Results

When administered directly into the inflamed skin tissue, SC MSC injection induced an expansion of IL-10-producing MerTK+ subcapsular sinus macrophages and T cell zone macrophages, as well as activated CD44+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the draining LN, which was not observed in the non-draining LN. SC injection of viable, but not apoptotic, MSCs dampened TNF production by inflammatory cells in the draining LN when re-exposed to the inflammatory stimulus. SC injection of MSCs remote to the site of inflammation also did not attenuate the LN response to subsequent inflammatory challenge.

Conclusions

MSCs delivered directly into inflamed skin activated immunoregulatory cells in the local LN and inhibited LN responsiveness to subsequent inflammatory challenge. The immunoregulatory effects of SC-injected MSCs in the LN require priming by inflammatory cytokines in the local milieu. Furthermore, SC-injected MSCs exert anti-inflammatory effects in the draining LN prior to their apoptosis, in contrast to intravenously delivered MSCs, where anti-inflammatory effects are linked to their apoptosis.
A multicentric survey and single-centre observational study of usage behaviour of sinks in intensive care: training is needed to minimize risk
Authors: Fucini Giovanni-Battista , Abe Robert , Lemke Elke , Gastmeier Petra
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Sinks have been introduced near patients to improve hand hygiene as part of infection prevention and control measures. However, sinks are a known reservoir for gram-negative bacterial pathogens in particular and their removal to prevent bacterial infections in intensive care patients is currently recommended by several international guidelines.

Methods

Healthcare workers (HCWs) in 15 intensive care units (ICUs) in Germany were given the opportunity to complete an anonymous survey on the use of sinks between August 2022 and January 2023. Observations were then made in three participating ICUs to determine the frequency and reason for contact with the sink.

Results

258 questionnaires were returned (nurses 87%). 90% found it useful to very useful to have a sink in the patient room, and 56% reported using it daily for hand hygiene. We observed 33 contacts between nurses and sinks over 17 h. In 20/33 (60%) cases, the sink was used for waste disposal. In 3/33 (10%) it was used for hand washing.

Discussion

Sinks are still used for daily care in intensive care units. Educational Interventions in existing buildings to minimise risk through “sink hygiene” (i.e. separation of sinks for water disposal and uptake) can make an important contribution to infection prevention.
Threat of deepfakes to the criminal justice system: a systematic review
Authors: Sandoval Maria-Paz , de Almeida Vau Maria , Solaas John , Rodrigues Luano
Published: November 2024

Background

This systematic review explores the impact of deepfakes on the criminal justice system. Deepfakes, a sophisticated form of AI-generated synthetic media, have raised concerns due to their potential to compromise the integrity of evidence and judicial processes. The review aims to assess the extent of this threat, guided by a research question: (1) What threats do deepfakes pose to the criminal justice system?

Methods

The review was conducted using databases such as Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2021 to 2022. Search terms were optimised for sensitivity and specificity, and articles were chosen based on criteria including relevance to deepfake threats and deepfake detection research. The methodology included rigorous screening processes using tools like Zotero and Rayyan.ai, with an emphasis on inter-rater reliability to ensure objective selection of studies.

Results

The search initially identified 1355 articles, with 1200 articles screened for eligibility after duplicates were removed. For the threat of deepfakes to the criminal justice system, 110 studies were selected for full-text review, and 44 were included in the final analysis. Key findings include identification of primary crime categories linked to deepfakes, such as pornography, fraud, and information manipulation, alongside challenges like trust erosion in institutions and evidence falsification issues.

Conclusions

Deepfakes significantly threaten the criminal justice system, highlighting the necessity for advanced detection methods. These findings underscore the importance of continued research and development in deepfake detection technologies and strategies for legal safeguards and broader implications on policy, national security, and democratic processes.
Technology and innovation in shaping the future of education
Authors: Çelik Ferdi , Baturay Meltem Huri
Published: November 2024

This paper highlights the potential of technology and innovation in advancing education. We discuss how emerging technologies can enhance teaching and learning experiences. We underscore challenges and opportunities in integrating technology into educational practices through an overview of current trends and practices. A balanced approach emphasizing technological integration and pedagogical innovation is essential for preparing students to succeed in an increasingly demanding world. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of fostering a learning environment that prioritizes learner-centered approaches and encourages educators to innovate by utilizing the power of technology to create meaningful educational experiences.
Overexpression of autophagy enhancer PACER/RUBCNL in neurons accelerates disease in the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model
Authors: Labrador Luis , Rodriguez Leonardo , Beltran Sebastián , Hernandez Fernanda , Gomez Laura , Ojeda Patricia , Bergmann Cristian , Calegaro-Nassif Melissa , Kerr Bredford , Medinas Danilo B. , Manque Patricio , Woehlbier Ute
Published: November 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and fatal paralytic disorder associated with motor neuron death. Mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) misfolding and aggregation have been linked to familial ALS, with the accumulation of abnormal wild-type SOD1 species being also observed in postmortem tissue of sporadic ALS cases. Both wild-type and mutated SOD1 are reported to contribute to motoneuron cell death. The autophagic pathway has been shown to be dysregulated in ALS. Recent evidence suggests a dual time-dependent role of autophagy in the progression of the disease. PACER, also called RUBCNL (Rubicon-like), is an enhancer of autophagy and has been found diminished in its levels during ALS pathology in mice and humans. Pacer loss of function disturbs the autophagy process and leads to the accumulation of SOD1 aggregates, as well as sensitizes neurons to death. Therefore, here we investigated if constitutive overexpression of PACER in neurons since early development is beneficial in an in vivo model of ALS. We generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human PACER in neurons, which then was crossbred with the mutant SOD1G93A ALS mouse model. Unexpectedly, PACER/SOD1G93A double transgenic mice exhibited an earlier disease onset and shorter lifespan than did littermate SOD1G93A mice. The overexpression of PACER in neurons in vivo and in vitro increased the accumulation of SOD1 aggregates, possibly due to impaired autophagy. These results suggest that similar to Pacer loss-of function, Pacer gain-of function is detrimental to autophagy, increases SOD1 aggregation and worsens ALS pathogenesis. In a wider context, our results indicate the requirement to maintain a fine balance of PACER protein levels to sustain proteostasis.
Development, characterization, and assessment of PLAROsomal vesicular system of curcumin for enhanced stability and therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Bhinge Somnath Devidas , Kamble Sheetal , Randive Dheeraj , Bhutkar Mangesh , Nadaf Sameer , Merekar Abhijit , Sonawane Kailas , Jadhav Namdeo , Makandar Asiya , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Gurav Shailendra
Published: November 2024

Background

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenol and one of the key phytoconstituents found in the rhizomes of Curcuma Longa. It exhibits various pharmacological properties, encompassing antioxidant, anticancer effects, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory, among several others.

A significant drawback of using CUR is its limited bioavailability, which primarily depends on gut microorganisms responsible for converting it into its bioavailable form. Therefore, the contemporary study intended to formulate a novel PLAROsomal vesicular delivery of CUR, i.e., CUR-PLAROsomes employing a design of experiments approach to examine the influence of various process parameters, such as particle size and drug percentage release.

Result

The prepared CUR-PLAROsomes were characterized for their physicochemical properties using various hyphenated tools. The CUR-PLAROsomes exhibited sizes ranging from 40 to 300 nm, and the optimized batch demonstrated a drug entrapment of 86.38 ± 0.22%.

In-vitro anticancer studies were conducted using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (COLO320DM) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). CUR-PLAROsomes exhibited significant in-vivo anti-inflammatory potential against carrageenan-induced paw edema. CUR-PLAROsomes were more potent against COLO320DM and MCF-7 cell lines, even at lower concentrations, than pure CUR.

Conclusion

Furthermore, based on the observations, it exhibits potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, suggesting that PLAROsomes are an effective vesicular drug delivery system.

Highlights

Newly introduced PLARosome is a next generation of Liposomes which have gain popularity owing to its better adaptability to overcome leakage problem of vesicular drug delivery system.

This is the pioneer attempt to prepare Curcumin-loaded PLARosome as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.

Nano size of the PLAROsomes may contribute to enhance the efficacy of Curcumin as a target specific drug delivery system.

Site specific delivery of phytoconstituents is possible by use of PLAROsomes as a novel drug delivery system.

Graphical abstract
Frequency and determinants of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among health care providers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ibrahim Nagat , Abdel Khalek Ekram M. , Abdel-Gawad Muhammad , Ramadan Haidi Karam-Allah , Gaafer Adel , Shaaban Soha Sayed , Eltantawy Amany Saeid , El-Mowafy Dalia , Abdelmgeid Mona Ahmed Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Background

As the COVID-19 virus spreads, it has new opportunities to change, and new variants of the virus are expected to occur. Health care workers (HCWs) are potential victims of the disease and spread it. They are more vulnerable to infection due to their occupational and nonoccupational exposure. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency and determinants of the acceptance of health care providers to receive the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods

An online questionnaire was used to collect data by the Egyptian HCWs. The questionnaire had four sections: the first section included the participants’ sociodemographic data, the second section included data on the participants’ previous COVID-19 infection status, the third section was on COVID-19 vaccine-related information, and the fourth section evaluated the intention to take the booster dose, causes of acceptance or refusal, and any suggestions to combat COVID-19.

Results

A total of 413 HCWs completed the questionnaire. Females represented 79.9%, and 37.3% had direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and 61.7% had previous infection. The vast majority (94.2%) received COVID-19 vaccine, 52.1% agreed to receive the booster dose, while 47.9% refused. The most common reason to receive booster dose was for increasing protection against new variants (48.4%) and lowering rate of severe illness and hospitalization (41.4%). Male gender and previous COVID-19 vaccination were the main determining factors of acceptance to receive booster doses.

Conclusion

Acceptance of COVID-19 booster vaccination was relatively inadequate among the HCWs. Male gender and previous COVID-19 vaccination were determinants of acceptance.
Ανάπτυξη οπτοηλεκτρονικών διατάξεων βασισμένες σε νανοδομές οξειδίου του ψευδάργυρου
Authors: Παπαγεωργίου Γεώργιος
Published: November 2024

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη οπτοηλεκτρονικών διατάξεων βασισμένες σε νανοδομές οξειδίου του ψευδαργύρου.Τα τελευταία χρόνια υπήρξε έντονο ερευνητικό ενδιαφερον γύρω από οπτοηλεκτρονικές διατάξεις που μπορούν να λειτουργούν κοντά στο υπεριώδες φάσμα της ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ακτινοβολιας. Υλικά βασισμένα στο ZnO, θεωρούνται πολλά υποσχόμενα για οπτοηλεκτρονικές εφαρμογές στην περιοχή της υπεριώδους ακτινοβολίας αφενός λόγω των ιδιαίτερων ιδιοτήτων του, όπως ικανοποιητική διαφάνεια, υψηλή ευκινησία ηλεκτρονίων, ευρύ και άμεσο ενεργειακό χάσμα (3.3 eV) καθώς και μεγάλη εξιτονική ενέργεια δέσμευσης (60 meV) σε θερμοκρασία δωματίου, αφετέρου δε πως μπορούν να παραχθούν σε πλειάδα μονοδιάστατων (1-D) νανοδομών, όπως νανοσύρματα (NS’s) και νανοραβδία(NW’s). Ωστόσο το γεγονός πως οι ιδιότητες των ZnO NS είναι ισχυρά εξαρτώμενες από διαφορετικές πτυχές της κρυσταλλικής δομής όπως μορφολογία, διεύθυνση και το μέγεθος του κρυστάλλου, είναι καίριας σημασίας να επιτευχθεί μία απολύτως ελεγχόμενη σύνθεση η οποία με την σειρά της μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε νανοδομές με βελτιωμένα χαρακτηριστικά. Αρχικά πραγματοποιήθηκε η σύνθεση διαφόρων στρωμάτων πυρήνωσης- γέλης με σκοπό, να μελετηθούν οι βέλτιστες συνθήκες ανάπτυξής τους, και μελετήθηκαν διαφορετικές πτυχές της κρυσταλλικής δομής όπως η μορφολογία και το πάχος τους. Στη συνέχεια πραγματοποιήθηκε η σύνθεση των νανοραβδίων ZnO μέσω υδροθερμικής μεθόδου όπου μελετήθηκε τόσο η εξάρτηση του χρόνου ανάπτυξης καθώς και η επίδραση της συγκέντρωσης των πρόδρομων ουσιών στα δομικά χαρακτηριστικά των νανοραβδίων. Σε κάθε περίπτωση, για την νόθευση p-τύπου επιστρατεύτηκε το άτομο του Li προερχόμενο από την ομάδα Ι, βασιζόμενο στα οφέλη των ιδιοτήτων του, με την σημαντικότερη όλων να εστιάζεται στην μικρή ιοντική του ακτίνα (0,76 A) η οποία είναι περίπου ίση με εκείνη του Zn (0,74A). Ακολούθησε ο κρυσταλλογραφικός και δομικός χαρακτηρισμός των νανοραβδίων. Βασιζόμενοι στα αποτελέσματα των προκαταρκτικών πειραμάτων, οι προσπάθειες μας εστίασαν εντονότερα στην ανάπτυξη επιτυχημένων επαφών p-n ή n-p, σημαντικό πυλώνα οπτοηλεκτρονικών στερεάς κατάστασης. Αναπτύχθηκαν επαφές νανοδομημένων υμενίων, όσο και επαφές μεταξύ νανοραβδίων και νανοδομημένων υμενίων p-n και n-p τύπου, σε υποστρώματα Si, επιστρωμένα με Au μεσω ιοντοβολής. Μελετήθηκαν οι δομικές ,μορφολογικές και ηλεκτρικές τους ιδιότητες καθώς και ο ρόλος της ανόπτησης στην εν γένει συμπεριφορά των διατάξεων. Η συνεχής αναζήτηση για την βελτιστοποίησης των παραμέτρων της διαδικασίας, οδήγησε στον επαναπροσδιορισμό της κατασκευαστικής μεθόδου, με την εισαγωγή μονωτικού υλικού SiO2 για την ελαχιστοποίηση των ρευμάτων διαρροής, όσο και στην επιλογή υποστρώματος (Si αγωγιμότητας p++). Μελετήθηκαν οι ηλεκτρικές, δομικές, μορφολογικές και οπτικές ιδιότητες των διατάξεων που κατασκευάστηκαν. Αξιοποιώντας όλα τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από την παραπάνω μελέτη, επαναπροσδιορίστηκαν όσες παράμετροι επηρεάζουν δυσμενώς την λειτουργικότητα και την απόδοση των διατάξεων.
In shade of Olympic glory: what should we know about female athletes triad? – a review
Authors: Bielicka Anna Maria , Bochenek Hubert , Bzoma Michał , Gugulska Julia , Czerepak Irmina
Published: November 2024

introduction and purpose: The numerous advantages of sport are widely known. Millions of children worldwide are encouraged to start training and significant part of them decide to start professional training. However, there are also certain health risk connected with intensive physical activity. One of them is female athletes triad – a syndrome consisting of three components: low energy availability (LEA), dysregulation of menstrual cycle and impaired bone mineral density (BMD).
description of the state of knowledge: The intensive physical activity, especially in adolescent women may have deleterious influence on their health and, in consequence, on further sports career. Female athletes triad often co-occurs with eating disorders, especially in sports where slim shape is desirable. Inadequate energy availability results in menstrual cycle dysfunction, meanwhile insufficient level of female sex hormones (estrogens) is detrimental for bones health leading to frequent injuries and stress fractures. In result the vicious cycle of female athletes triad is closed and general condition of athlete deteriorates.
summary: This paper aims to briefly review current state of knowledge on female athletes triad. It is vital to raise awareness of female athlete triad symptoms among medical professionals as well as sportswomen and members of coaching team to facilitate early diagnosis and proper treatment to avoid further complications.
Role of Elastin in Tendon and Ligament Disorders: Therapeutic Interventions in Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Authors: Gorska Weronika , Jasiński Filip , Łukawski Artur , Szałajska Julia , Wojtach Klaudia , Banyś Filip , Wiak Iga , Bochen Konrad , Czyżewski Filip , Dziegciarczyk Anna
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Elastin is a key protein in tendons and ligaments, responsible for providing elasticity, which allows these tissues to withstand mechanical stress and maintain joint stability. However, elastin integrity can decline due to factors such as aging, genetics, or injury, leading to joint instability, chronic pain, and a heightened risk of further damage. This study examines the role of elastin- focused therapies in addressing such issues, with a focus on orthopedics and sports medicine.
Objectives
The objective of this review is to evaluate emerging elastin-based therapeutic strategies, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, bioengineered scaffolds, and microRNA-based treatments, and their potential to enhance recovery in musculoskeletal injuries by improving tissue elasticity and resilience.
Materials and Methods
A comprehensive review of the studies available on open access sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the National Library of Medicine, was conducted. The focus was on current advancements in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, bioengineered scaffolds, and microRNA-based treatments. Studies assessing the efficacy of these approaches in promoting elastin synthesis, tissue flexibility, and repair outcomes were analyzed, particularly in cases involving conditions like Achilles tendinopathy, rotator cuff injuries, and ACL reconstructions.

Conclusions
Elastin plays a crucial role in tendon and ligament health, and emerging elastin- focused therapies show significant potential in enhancing recovery from musculoskeletal injuries. PRP therapy, bioengineered scaffolds, and microRNA- based treatments have demonstrated promising outcomes in improving tissue flexibility, supporting cell growth, and slowing degenerative processes. Further research and clinical trials are needed to optimize these therapies for long-term patient outcomes in orthopedic and sports medicine.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Treatment on Diverse Diseases
Authors: Hermanowska Maria , Lubomirska Julia , Brożyna Aleksandra , Kwiatkowska Anita , Bydliński Arkadiusz , Karłowicz Konrad , Małek Natalia , Emerla Sara , Figurowska Patrycja , Ciulkiewicz Łukasz
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) indeed holds significant therapeutic potential across various medical conditions, primarily by increasing the concentration of oxygen delivered to tissues under pressure. Saturating tissues with oxygen allows for the effective alleviation of underlying hypoxia, facilitating healing, tissue repair and mechanisms of action leads to reducing concentration of pro-inflammatory acute phase proteins, interleukins, and cytokines. Conversely, HBOT while also boosting levels of growth factors and other cytokines that promote angiogenesis. REVIEW METHODS: The article was complied by analyzing data from PubMed and Google Scholar regarding effects of hyperbaric therapy. 
THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE:
Studies indicate that HBOT provides numerous opportunities in the treatment of extensive diseases acress various systems. Neurodegenerative disorders involve progressive nerve cell damage leading to motor or cognitive decline, exacerbated by oxidative stress and inflammation. HBOT has shown promise in delaying disease onset by improving mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neuron disease. In case of intestinal obstruction HBOT reduces intestinal gas volume, diameter of obstructed loops, and improves intestinal contractility. Significant benefits have been observed in conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Hyperbaric therapy presents potential benefits for the infertility, improving the environment for blastocyst implantation and pregnancy.
CONCLUSION: There is no doubt that HBOT has a beneficial impact on treatment of many systems such as the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and skeletal. This innovative approach of hyperbaric therapy extends to selected disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and infertility.
Mechanisms and research progress of motor imagery combined with action observation in cognitive rehabilitation
Authors: Zhang Mufan , Luo Jiong
Published: November 2024

Introduction：Cognitive deficits refer to impairments in the brain's ability to process information, memory, attention, reasoning, decision-making, and other cognitive functions.Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) is a therapeutic approach aimed at improving cognitive function through various strategies, training, and interventions, ultimately enhancing quality of life. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) are key rehabilitation methods in the cognitive domain and have been widely used in related studies. Recently, the combination of motor imagery and action observation therapy (AO+MI) has emerged as a promising research direction, receiving increasing support in the academic community.
Aim of the study:
This study aims to explore the mechanisms behind the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and assess the effectiveness of this innovative approach in cognitive rehabilitation.
Material and methods:
A literature review was conducted by searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English-language articles. Keywords including "motor imagery," "action observation," and "cognitive rehabilitation" were used in the search.
Conclusions:
Both motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have demonstrated positive effects on cognitive function. However, the combination of MI and AO may produce three distinct states that require further investigation. Preliminary findings suggest that AO+MI has shown promising results in enhancing corticospinal excitability (CE), benefiting children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and improving outcomes in stroke patients. However, some scholars have raised concerns, emphasizing the need for further experimental validation.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Cancer Therapy: Anticancer Activities and Their Mechanisms
Authors: Piecuch Dawid , Sobota Weronika , Zwoliński Michał , Piskorz Przemysław , Hańczyk Edyta , Zemsta Katarzyna , Kulesza Bartłomiej
Published: November 2024

Cancers are characterized by rapid development of abnormal cells that multiply uncontrollably, leading to invasive tumors. By 2040, new cancer cases worldwide are expected to reach 30.2 million. In response, research focuses on the anti-cancer properties of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), used in traditional Indian medicine. Ashwagandha exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by modulating pathways like NF-kB, Nrf2/HO-1, JAK-STAT, MAPK, and NLRP3, reducing cancer-related inflammation. It also has strong antioxidant properties due to compounds like withanolides, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing oxidative stress, potentially lowering cancer risk. Ashwagandha extract shows cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, inducing apoptosis and arresting cells in the resting phase, leading to DNA damage in cancer cells. It inhibits angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels that supply tumors, through mechanisms such as VEGF inhibition and reduced macrophage infiltration. Additionally, ashwagandha modulates T lymphocytes and cytokine production, enhancing the immune response against cancer, and stimulates NK cell activity, crucial for controlling tumor growth and development. Supplementation with ashwagandha reduces cortisol levels and improves cognitive functions and quality of life in people experiencing stress, potentially lowering cancer risk. Research suggests ashwagandha may be a valuable addition to anti-cancer therapy, acting on various levels of cancer pathogenesis. However, further clinical studies are needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in cancer treatment.
Colostrum: The Golden Elixir of Health – Unveiling Its Multifaceted Benefits in Modern Medicine
Authors: Michalska Martyna , Winiarek Karolina , Wardyn Wiktor , Tokarczyk Elżbieta , Ziemińska Daria , Guzowski Cezary , Burczyk Rafał , Murawska Joanna
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Colostrum is uniquely rich in immunoglobulins, growth factors, antibacterial peptides, probiotics, prebiotics, and essential vitamins and minerals. Available as a supplement, BC is used to prevent gastrointestinal infections, boost immune support, and aid in managing chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and even athletic recovery. 
Aim: The aim of this article is to assess the potential benefits of colostrum across various health areas, including gastrointestinal health, immune system support, respiratory diseases, dermatology, autoimmune conditions and the development of preterm infants. The article will also present a critical analysis of current scientific data and examine future research directions and therapeutic advancements. 
Review methods: This article is based on a comprehensive, non-systematic review of the scientific literature. A thorough search of the PubMed database was conducted, and 45 sources published up to 2024 were analyzed to ensure that the information presented is current and relevant.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Analysis of the literature suggests that colostrum may provide passive protection, reduce inflammation and support gut integrity in preterm infants. Inflammatory bowel disease may benefit from colostrum, though results for IBS are mixed. It aids wound healing, has anti-aging effects, and shows potential in autoimmune disease management. It also boosts respiratory immunity and aids athletes' recovery and performance.
Conclusions: Colostrum contains bioactive components like immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and growth factors. While current studies highlight its benefits in enhancing immunity, supporting gut health, and managing inflammatory conditions, more comprehensive clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy and safety across various populations and health conditions.
Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Hypothyroidism: A Review
Authors: Chodkowski Jakub
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder, which affects metabolism and quality of life and often requires lifelong management. Recent studies suggest that nutritional factors, such as iodine, selenium, zinc, and vitamin D, may play a role in thyroid function and symptom management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of specific nutrients and dietary patterns on hypothyroid outcomes, synthesizing evidence to provide dietary guidance for individuals with hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disorders.
Materials and Methods: Comprehensive literature review was conducted across databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000 and 2023. Inclusion criteria targeted peer-reviewed clinical trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses examining the impact of nutritional interventions on thyroid function and symptom improvement in hypothyroid patients.
Results: Findings indicate that iodine and selenium supplementation support thyroid hormone production and immune regulation in hypothyroidism, especially autoimmune types. Vitamin D and zinc appear beneficial for reducing fatigue and enhancing metabolic function. However, nutrient interactions with thyroid medication warrant careful management.
Conclusions: Nutritional interventions may enhance hypothyroidism management, but individualized approaches are essential. Further large-scale studies are needed to establish clear guidelines, integrating nutrition as a complementary strategy alongside traditional therapies for optimal patient outcomes.
Anabolic androgen steroids cardiovascular impact. Literature review
Authors: Balcer Bartosz , Natalia Dolata
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Purpose: The use of anabolic steroids is widespread. They can be administered either therapeutically or by individuals looking to enhance their athletic performance. This review aims to summarize the scientific understanding regarding the link between the use of AASs and the incidence of cardiovascular complications.
Materials and methods
The literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases was reviewed using the keywords.
Description of the state of knowledge: A lot of studies suggest that AASs can be harmful to the cardiovascular system. It has a wide range of long-term and often irreversible consequences. AASs cause myocardial hypertrophy which results in systolic and diastolic disfunction. They disrupt lipid metabolism, act as vasoconstrictors, and promote the calcification of blood vessel walls, thereby increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. By promoting blood clotting, they increase the incidence of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The effect on the occurrence of hypertension is not definitively proven. However, a very dangerous consequence of using anabolic steroids is the increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias -especially ventricular arrhythmias- which can lead to sudden cardiac death.
Conclusion: The use of anabolic steroids increases the risk of arrhythmias, heart attacks, and thromboembolic complications, ultimately leading to a higher risk of sudden cardiac death. However, the cause-and-effect relationship is not always clearly captured, and further research is necessary to draw appropriate conclusions.
Freight Gateway Consolidation for Purolator International Using Integer Programming
Authors: Mansouri Bahareh , Abdallah Ramy , Tamvada Srinivas , Hassini Elkafi , Bellino Brian , Khelil Khelil
Published: November 2024

This research reviews the northbound transportation network of a major Canadian courier, aiming to streamline U.S. transshipment operations. An integer programming model was developed to optimize gateway locations in the U.S. for cost-effective customer assignment and optimal truck routing to Canada. Four actionable recommendations from the model were implemented, resulting in annual cost savings surpassing USD 1.2 million, significantly exceeding initial estimates.
Monetizing Positive Externalities to Mitigate the Infrastructure Underinvestment Problem
Authors: Bai Hao , Bensoussan Alain , Briest Gordon , Chevalier-Roignant Benoît
Published: November 2024

Many cities struggle with financing their infrastructure projects. When decision makers cannot fully capture the benefits of their investments, there is a risk of underinvestment. Hong Kong’s transit operator created a model where it not only collects fare revenues but also engages in property management, leveraging the positive effects of public transport on nearby property values. In the article titled “Monetizing Positive Externalities to Mitigate the Infrastructure Underinvestment Problem,” the authors present a stochastic Stackelberg game of timing to examine the reasoning behind this approach. The issue is complex because the operator faces a two-dimensional optimal stopping problem that cannot be simplified by changing the numéraire. The authors determine the operator’s optimal investment strategy through the use of a “penalized problem” and provide comparative statics. They also identify the conditions in which capitalizing on positive externalities can encourage infrastructure investment. Other management challenges share similar structures.
The impact of serial mergers and acquisitions on enterprises’ total factor productivity: The mediating role of digital transformation
Authors: Tan Liyan , Zhang Xiaoxu , Song Yu , Zou Fei , Liao Qiaoran
Published: November 2024

Research background

M&A (Mergers and acquisitions) is a strategic measure for enterprises to expand their scale, enhance their competitiveness and improve productivity in the market competition. As a new factor of production, data is changing the factor input model and value creation path of enterprises.

Research objectives

From the perspective of serial M&A, this study explores the impact of serial M&A on enterprises’ TFP (total factor productivity) and the mechanism of digital transformation between them.

Research methods

Take the serial M&A transactions of China’s A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 as samples, using the theory of organizational learning to analyze the relationship among serial M&A, enterprises’ TFP and the degree of digital transformation. Three-step regression is used to construct a model that serial M&A indirectly affects enterprises’ TFP through intermediary variable digital transformation.

Research finding

There is a significant inverse U-shaped relationship between serial M&A and enterprises’ TFP, and digital transformation plays a mediating role in this relationship. The impact of serial M&A on enterprises’ TFP shows an upward trend at first and then a downward trend and this relationship is indirectly realized through digital transformation. The results are still valid after considering the change-explained variables, lag test, Sobel-Goodman test, and Bootstrap test. Heterogeneity analysis shows that for enterprises with non-state-owned property rights, smaller enterprise scale, and higher business environment index, serial M&A has a more obvious effect on TFP indirectly through the degree of digital transformation.

Research value

It further enriches the existing literature on the decision-making of M&A from the perspective of serial M&A and profoundly reveals the mechanism of the degree of digital transformation in the relationship between serial M&A and enterprises’ TFP. The research provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for enterprises to achieve high-quality development.
Association between the use of Information and Communication Technology and activeness in life among community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Tezuka Kanna , Sasaki Yachiyo , Shirai Midori
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to clarify the association between the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and activeness in life among community-dwelling older adults. A self-administered, unmarked questionnaire survey was conducted among individuals aged 60 years or older who were registered with Silver Human Resource Centers or Senior citizen clubs in a city in Osaka Prefecture. The survey collected data on participants, demographic characteristics, health status, ICT use, and activeness in life (particularly expansion of life space, exercise habits, motivation, and social activities). ICT use was defined as the use of any mobile devices to connect to the Internet, such as smartphones, tablets, or wearable devices. A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between ICT use and activeness in life after adjusting for confounding factors. A total of 892 responses were used in the analysis. The results revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) for expansion of life space (1.84) and motivation (2.17) were significantly higher for the group of participants using ICT use than for the group of participants not using ICT. In contrast, ICT use was not associated with exercise habits and social activities. Overall, this study clarified that ICT use is significantly associated with the expansion of life space and motivation among community-dwelling older adults. In particularly, ICT use may increase mental activity, inferred from the highest OR value for motivation noted in the current results. In conclusion, ICT use can enhance activeness in life among community-dwelling older adults.
The effect of the inlet chamber and diffuser on the reverse aerodynamic performance of an axial flow fan
Authors: Cyrus Václav , Cyrus Jan
Published: November 2024

Flow reversal in axial fans is usually carried out by changing the direction of rotation of the fan and rotating the stator vanes. The total pressure losses of selected inlet fan chambers were determined using CFD data for the normal and reverse flow conditions. These losses are 3.5 to 7.2 times greater for the normal flow increase due to the flow reversal in three chambers with the hub/tip ratio of 0.45 to 0.63. The operating points of two complete fans made up of the inlet chamber, the diffuser, and the axial stages A and B with different aerodynamic load were obtained using one-dimensional engineering calculation method. It uses the measured performance data relating to both fan stages. The calculated volumetric flow rate ratio for reverse and normal operation is 0.68 and 0.55, respectively, for the complete axial fan with the stages A and B. The acquired results are in accordance with the customers’ requirements.
Drece method for continuous severe plastic deformation of CuZn37 sheets
Authors: Pastrňák Martin , Čada Radek , Pektor Tomáš , Rusz Stanislav , Tatíček František , Mizera Jarosław , Pastrňáková Marie
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a continuous severe plastic deformation (SPD) process for sheet metal called Dual Rolls Equal Channel Extrusion (DRECE) is introduced. The DRECE process achieves maximum sheet metal deformation by combining bending deformation with channel-angular shear deformation. The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the CuZn37 alloy has been experimentally investigated as a function of the number of repeated DRECE passes. The DRECE process was repeated up to four times at room temperature. As the number of passes increased, the character of the microstructure was gradually strongly deformed by intensive shear deformation. The microhardness and tensile properties changed significantly as a function of the number of repeated passes.
Revisiting the relationship between global and specific levels of foreign language boredom and language engagement: A moderated mediation model of academic buoyancy and emotional engagement
Authors: Liu Honggang , Elahi Shirvan Majid , Taherian Tahereh
Published: November 2024

The current research aimed to examine the relationships among three key aspects of the language learning process, namely, foreign language boredom (FLB), English language engagement (ELE), and academic buoyancy (AB), utilizing data collected from 2,992 Chinese language learners. In order to strengthen the accuracy and robustness of the results, we initially performed primary analyses to determine the most effective measurement solution for the three variables. As a result, we decided to use a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) solution for FLB, a partial bifactor-ESEM solution for ELE, and a unidimensional confirmatory factor analysis solution for AB. The primary analysis demonstrated that the global factor of FLB strongly and negatively influenced the global levels of ELE. Both global and specific factors of FLB predicted different facets of specific ELE differently. The mediation-moderation analysis further confirmed the significance of the specific factors of emotional ELE as mediators and AB as a moderator in the relationships between global and specific levels of FLB and global and specific levels of ELE. The findings offer a basis for theoretical and pedagogical implications.
Physicochemical components, antioxidant activity, and predictive models for quality of soursop tea (Annona muricata L.) during heat pump drying
Authors: Vu Ngoc Duc , Diep Duong Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Nhat An , Long Huynh Bao , Pham Binh An
Published: November 2024

The peel and pulp of soursop are ideal for creating a new tea product, offering a unique flavor compared to traditional leaf tea. This study develops mathematical models to describe the drying process, decomposition of bioactive components, and antioxidant activity of soursop slices. The slices were dried at four temperatures (20–50°C) using industrial-scale heat pump drying. Changes in moisture ratio (MR) were calculated and compared with 30 previous models. Additionally, two and four mathematical models were used to analyze data on total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity. The model fits were evaluated based on statistical parameters (R
2, root mean square error, χ
2). The results indicated that the drying process at 20°C involved two mechanisms following the Aghbashlo model (R
2 > 0.993). At higher temperatures, the moisture removal process followed a single mechanism. Zero order, first order, and polynomial quadratic models were suitable for describing TFC decomposition and antioxidant activity, depending on the temperature. The activation energy of MR (29.89 kJ/mol) was lower than that of 2,2′–azino-bis–3–ethylbenzothiazoline–6–sulfonic acid (37.02 kJ/mol) and 2,2–diphenyl–1-1-picrylhydrazyl (32.12 kJ/mol), indicating drying efficiency and retention of bioactive components. The study’s findings are expected to enhance quality, improve economic efficiency, and expand the market for soursop tea.
A note on orthogonal decomposition of 𝔰𝔩
n
over commutative rings
Authors: Sriwongsa Songpon
Published: November 2024

The orthogonal decomposition (OD) of special linear Lie algebras over the complex numbers was first explored in the early 1980s and has gained renewed interest in the past decade due to its applications in quantum information theory. In this study, we investigate the OD of special linear Lie algebras over commutative rings with identity. Additionally, we present examples of specific rings that facilitate the existence of such ODs for these Lie algebras.