bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Nutrition, Growth, Carcass and Meat of Male Goats Fed Babassu Mesocarp Flour
Authors: Santos Aylpy R. D. , Souza Jarlyanne N. C. , Parente Henrique N. , Oliveira Graziele S. , Rocha Karlyene S. , Zanine Anderson M. , Ferreira Daniele J. , Lima Anny G. V. O. , Araújo Jocelio S. , Alves Arnaud A. , Parente Michelle O. M.
Published: July 2020

Twenty-eight Boer × Saanen castrated male goats (21.6 ± 3.0 kg of initial body weigh) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of increasing levels (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg, in dry matter basis) of dietary babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and meat physical and chemical composition. When significant treatment effects were found, data were submitted to orthogonal polynomials for treatment responses. BMF did not change the intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. However, it increased linearly the total carbohydrates intake (p = 0.013), neutral detergent fiber intake (p < 0.001) and digestibility (p = 0.027), while it decreased linearly the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates (p < 0.001) and ether extract (p < 0.001), without changing their digestibility (p > 0.05). The dressing percentage (p = 0.003) and rib eye area (p = 0.024) had a quadratic effect with increasing levels of BMF. The total gastrointestinal weight (TGI) had an increased linear effect (p = 0.001), while the proportion of rumen (p = 0.010), omasum (p < 0.001) and abomasum (p = 0.001) increased linearly with BMF addition. The same effects were presented in leg weight (p = 0.045) and muscle weight (p = 0.049). Weight and yields of commercial cuts and meat physicochemical composition did not change (p > 0.05) with inclusion levels of BMF. The addition of babassu mesocarp flour up to 200 g/kg in the diet of male goat can improve the dressing percentage without major changes in meat physical and chemical traits, representing an attractive alternative feed.
Optimal Planning for the Development of Power System in Respect to Distributed Generations Based on the Binary Dragonfly Algorithm
Authors: Kakueinejad Mohammad Hossein , Heydari Azim , Askari Mostafa , Keynia Farshid
Published: July 2020

With the increasing number of population and the rising demand for electricity, providing safe and secure energy to consumers is getting more and more important. Adding dispersed products to the distribution network is one of the key factors in achieving this goal. However, factors such as the amount of investment and the return on the investment on one side, and the power grid conditions, such as loss rates, voltage profiles, reliability, and maintenance costs, on the other hand, make it more vital to provide optimal annual planning methods concerning network development. Accordingly, in this paper, a multilevel method is presented for optimal network power expansion planning based on the binary dragonfly optimization algorithm, taking into account the distributed generation. The proposed objective function involves the minimization of the cost of investment, operation, repair, and the cost of reliability for the development of the network. The effectiveness of the proposed model to solve the multiyear network expansion planning problem is illustrated by applying them on the 33-bus distribution network and comparing the acquired results with the results of other solution methods such as GA, PSO, and TS.
Design Glass Objects: The Portuguese Panorama
Authors: Almeida Teresa
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the convergence of art, design and craftsmanship for the creation of glass objects within the context of the 20th and 21st centuries, in the Portuguese panorama. In the late 1920s and 1950s, Portuguese artists established a growing collaboration with the glass industry situated in the Marinha Grande region and started to produce their work alongside glassblowers. The relationship between artists and craftsmen progressively evolved, influencing the evolution of glass design in Portugal. In the last decades, glass factories have tried to enhance the excellence of their products by appointing designers to develop more elaborate concepts for glass pieces, as well as to improve the quality of the material. This essay will answer questions regarding the relationship and boundaries between design and craft in the creation of glass objects in the context of the state of the art of Portuguese glass design, related to the production of glassblowing glass and the region of Marinha Grande due to its historical importance. A case study will be presented regarding the brand MGlass and the new glass designers in the region.
Broadband Anisotropic Optical Properties of the Terahertz Generator HMQ-TMS Organic Crystal
Authors: D’Arco Annalisa , Tomarchio Luca , Dolci Valerio , Di Pietro Paola , Perucchi Andrea , Mou Sen , Petrarca Massimo , Lupi Stefano
Published: July 2020

HMQ-TMS (2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1-methylquinolinium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate) is a recently discovered anisotropic organic crystal that can be exploited for the production of broadband high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation through the optical rectification (OR) technique. HMQ-TMS plays a central role in THz technology due to its broad transparency range, large electro-optic coefficient and coherence length, and excellent crystal properties. However, its anisotropic optical properties have not been deeply researched yet. Here, from polarized reflectance and transmittance measurements along the x 1 and x 3 axes of a HMQ-TMS single-crystal, we extract both the refraction index n and the extinction coefficient k between 50 and 35,000 cm − 1 . We further measure the THz radiation generated by optical rectification at different infrared (IR) wavelengths and along the two x 1 and x 3 axes. These data highlight the remarkable anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical behavior of HMQ-TMS crystals, expanding the knowledge of its properties and applications from the THz to the UV region.
Single-Beam Acoustic Doppler Profiler and Co-Located Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Flow Velocity Data
Authors: Jourdain de Thieulloy Marilou , Dorward Mairi , Old Chris , Gabl Roman , Davey Thomas , Ingram David M. , Sellar Brian G.
Published: July 2020

Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) are routinely used to measure flow velocity in the ocean, enabling multi-points measurement along a profile while Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) are laboratory instruments that provide very precise point velocity measurement. The experimental set-up allows laboratory comparison of measurement from these two instruments. Simultaneous multi-point measurements of velocity along the horizontal tank profile from Single-Beam Acoustic Doppler Profiler (SB-ADP) were compared against multiple co-located point measurements from an ADV. Measurements were performed in the FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility at the University of Edinburgh at flow velocities between 0.6 ms − 1 and 1.2 ms − 1 . This paper describes the data; the analysis of the inter-instrument comparison is presented in an associated Sensors paper by the same authors. This data-set contains (a) time series of raw SB-ADP uni-directional velocity measurements along a 10 m tank profile binned into 54 measurements cells and (b) ADV point measurements of three-directional velocity time series recorded in beam coordinates at selected locations along the profile. Associated with the data are instrument generated quality data, metadata and user-derived quality flags. An analysis of the quality of SB-ADP data along the profile is presented. This data-set provides multiple contemporaneous velocity measurements along the tank profile, relevant for correlation statistics, length-scale calculations and validation of numerical models simulating flow hydrodynamics in circular test facilities.
A Denoising Method for Fiber Optic Gyroscope Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Beetle Swarm Antenna Search Algorithm
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Gao Yanbin , Wu Menghao , Zhang Fan , Li Guangchun , Qin Chao
Published: July 2020

Fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is one of the important components of Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). In order to improve the accuracy of the INS, it is necessary to suppress the random error of the FOG signal. In this paper, a variational mode decomposition (VMD) denoising method based on beetle swarm antenna search (BSAS) algorithm is proposed to reduce the noise in FOG signal. Firstly, the BSAS algorithm is introduced in detail. Then, the permutation entropy of the band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs) is taken as the optimization index, and two key parameters of VMD algorithm, including decomposition mode number K and quadratic penalty factor α , are optimized by using the BSAS algorithm. Next, a new method based on Hausdorff distance (HD) between the probability density function (PDF) of all BLIMFs and that of the original signal is proposed in this paper to determine the relevant modes. Finally, the selected BLIMF components are reconstructed to get the denoised signal. In addition, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better than the existing schemes in terms of noise reduction performance. Two experiments further demonstrate the priority of the proposed scheme in the FOG noise reduction compared with other schemes.
Nonclassical Effects Based on Husimi Distributions in Two Open Cavities Linked by an Optical Waveguide
Authors: Mohamed Abdel-Baset A. , Eleuch Hichem
Published: July 2020

Nonclassical effects are investigated in a system formed by two quantum wells, each of which is inside an open cavity. The cavities are spatially separated, linked by a fiber, and filled with a linear optical medium. Based on Husimi distributions (HDs) and Wehrl entropy, we explore the effects of the physical parameters on the generation and the robustness of the mixedness and HD information in the phase space. The generated quantum coherence and the HD information depend crucially on the cavity-exciton and fiber cavity couplings as well as on the optical medium density. The HD information and purity are lost due to the dissipation. This loss may be inhibited by increasing the optical susceptibility as well as the couplings of the exciton-cavity and the fiber-cavity. These parameters control the regularity, amplitudes, and frequencies of the generated mixedness.
A New Multi-Attribute Emergency Decision-Making Algorithm Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Cross-Entropy and Comprehensive Grey Correlation Analysis
Authors: Li Ping , Ji Ying , Wu Zhong , Qu Shao-Jian
Published: July 2020

Intuitionistic fuzzy distance measurement is an effective method to study multi-attribute emergency decision-making (MAEDM) problems. Unfortunately, the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy distance measurement method cannot accurately reflect the difference between membership and non-membership data, where it is easy to cause information confusion. Therefore, from the intuitionistic fuzzy number (IFN), this paper constructs a decision-making model based on intuitionistic fuzzy cross-entropy and a comprehensive grey correlation analysis algorithm. For the MAEDM problems of completely unknown and partially known attribute weights, this method establishes a grey correlation analysis algorithm based on the objective evaluation value and subjective preference value of decision makers (DMs), which makes up for the shortcomings of traditional model information loss and greatly improves the accuracy of MAEDM. Finally, taking the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th 2008 as a case study, this paper constructs and solves the ranking problem of shelters. Through the sensitivity comparison analysis, when the grey resolution coefficient increases from 0.4 to 1.0, the ranking result of building shelters remains stable. Compared to the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy distance, this method is shown to be more reliable.
A Comprehensive Review and Qualitative Analysis of Micro-Combined Heat and Power Modeling Approaches
Authors: Cheekatamarla Praveen , Abu-Heiba Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Concurrent production of electrical and thermal energy from a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) device is an attractive tool to address the growing energy needs of the planet. Micro CHP (µCHP) systems can reduce a building’s primary energy consumption, reduce carbon footprint, and enhance resiliency. Modeling of the µCHP helps understand the system from multiple perspectives and helps discover errors earlier, improves impact analysis and simulation of system solutions for ease of integration with the building. Consequently, there is a need for analysis of the impact of µCHP modeling approach on its reliability and flexibility. The primary objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the art models in the µCHP space with a focus towards internal combustion engine as the primary mover (PM) and limit the study to system modeling, calibration, and validation methodologies. Based on the analysis, recommendations for further model considerations and refinements are presented.
Comparison of Two Solar PV-Driven Air Conditioning Systems with Different Tracking Modes
Authors: Marrasso Elisa , Roselli Carlo , Tariello Francesco
Published: July 2020

In this paper two solar electric-driven air conditioning systems are compared and analyzed from an energy and environmental point of view. Both systems satisfy the electricity, space heating and cooling needs of an existing multi-purpose, multi-story building that is simulated with TRNSYS 17. The first one, considered as reference system, is based on a centralized electric heat pump coupled with a conventional photovoltaic plant installed 10 years ago. The second one, hereinafter proposed system, has a hybrid configuration, consisting of a ground-source heat pump, a low temperature thermal network and a series of electric heat pumps, one per apartment. In addition, the plant is connected to a high-performance commercial photovoltaic system equipped with a solar tracking system to the panels. Five different solutions realized with vertical, two horizontal orientations, polar and two-axis trackers are taken into account and compared with the standard fixed configuration. The last hybrid configuration can be seen as an upgrade of an existing decentralized air conditioning system in which the local electric heat pumps are converted in water-to-water devices that interact with the thermal grid representing the heat source/sink for them. In both solar electric heating and cooling plants the photovoltaic system is installed on the building roof and it produces electricity to feed the heat pumps and end-users. The electricity surplus or the load not covered by solar field is fed to/taken from power grid. The energy and environmental analyses have been performed by considering both average annual and monthly values of power grid efficiency and CO2 emission factor for electricity. By comparing reference system and proposed one equipped with a two-axis tracker system a primary fossil energy saving of 101.67% is achieved in summer period and 28.10% in winter period. These percentages are the highest values recorded, even if, for all configurations the energy analysis rewards the proposed system. The results of environmental analysis demonstrate that the reference system has the worst performances compared to proposed system with all solar tracker systems selected guarantying positive values for avoided carbon dioxide index up to 45.86%.
Heterogeneous Catalysis in (Bio)Ethanol Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels: Thermodynamics, Catalysis, Reaction Paths, Mechanisms and Product Selectivities
Authors: Garbarino Gabriella , Pampararo Giovanni , Phung Thanh Khoa , Riani Paola , Busca Guido
Published: July 2020

In gas/solid conditions, different chemicals, such as diethylether, ethylene, butadiene, higher hydrocarbons, acetaldehyde, acetone and hydrogen, can be produced from ethanol with heterogeneous catalytic processes. The focus of this paper is the interplay of different reaction paths, which depend on thermodynamic factors as well as on kinetic factors, thus mainly from catalyst functionalities and reaction temperatures. Strategies for selectivity improvements in heterogeneously catalyzed processes converting (bio)ethanol into renewable chemicals and biofuels are also considered.
Guest Partitioning and High CO2 Selectivity in Hydroquinone Clathrates Formed from Ternary (CO + CO2 + H2) Gas Mixtures
Authors: Yoon Sang Jun , Lee Dongwon , Yoon Ji-Ho , Lee Jong-Won
Published: July 2020

Clathrate formation and guest behaviors in hydroquinone (HQ) clathrates were investigated for the first time using ternary (CO + CO2 + H2) gas mixtures. Two gas compositions (low and high CO2 concentrations) were used to simulate synthesis gases generated from various sources. After reaction at 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 MPa, the conversion yield of pure HQ to the clathrate form reached >90% if the CO2 partial pressure was 0.7 MPa or higher. In addition, CO2 was the most abundant occupant, whereas CO was only detectable at higher CO concentrations and experimental pressures. The separation efficiency values expressed as molar ratios of CO2 to CO in the solid clathrate form were found to be 12.7 and 23.9 MPa at 4.0 and 6.0 MPa, respectively. The experimental and the calculated results in this study provide information useful for the design of a clathrate-based separation process for synthesis gases from various sources (i.e., synthesis gases with various compositions).
Over-Temperature-Protection Circuit for LED-Battery Power-Conversion System Using Metal-Insulator-Transition Sensor
Authors: Bae Jin-Yong
Published: July 2020

Extracting renewable energy from solar and wind energy systems, fuel cells, and tidal power plants requires DC distribution and energy storage devices. In particular, a metal-insulator-transition (MIT) sensor can be applied to the over-temperature-protection (OTP) circuit, to stop the LED-battery power-conversion system when over-temperature occurs. Recently, there have been instances of battery systems catching fire because of poor battery design, over-charging, over-voltage, cell balancing failure, and an inadequate battery management system circuit. For continuous stabilization using an LED-battery power-conversion system, a 450 Wh class battery system that can monitor the temperature of battery packs with an MIT sensor was developed in this study. Furthermore, an OTP circuit involving an MIT sensor to protect LED-battery power-conversion systems is proposed. According to the results, this approach is required to continuously perform the stabilization of LED-battery systems.
Analysis and Optimisation of Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Load of Cylinder Head Considering Fluid-Structure Interaction for a Marine High-Power Diesel Engine
Authors: Hu Lei , Yang Jianguo , Yu Yonghua , Dong Fei
Published: July 2020

A one-dimensional model of the diesel engine working process was established, and thermal boundary conditions of gases contacting with a cylinder head were determined by comparing them with the results of a routine test. A fluid-structure interaction model between the cooling water and cylinder head passages was established in which boundary conditions of cooling water were obtained by computational fluid dynamics analysis. Simultaneously, considering the pressure mechanical load in the cylinder, temperature and the stress distribution of the cylinder head were analysed by the model with a thermo-mechanical coupling load. The model was validated using the temperature hardness plug method. Four parameters of intake valve opening, exhaust valve opening, fuel supply beginning, and compression ratio were selected as influencing factors, and the thermo-mechanical coupling load of the cylinder head was optimised by the Taguchi and analysis of variance method subsequently. The study indicates that the error of the calculation model for the cylinder head’s thermal-mechanical coupling load is within ±1.5%, and the proportion of the thermal stress in the cylinder head thermal-mechanical coupling stress is above 90%. The fuel supply beginning has the greatest influence on the thermal load of the cylinder head. Based on the optimisation methods within the required power range, the maximum temperature and maximum thermo-structural coupling stress of the cylinder head are decreased by about 10.05 K and 7.13 MPa in the nose bridge area, respectively.
A Statistical Approach for Predicting Airtightness in Residential Units of Reinforced Concrete Apartment Buildings in Korea
Authors: Ji Kyung-Hwan , Shin Hyun-Kook , Han Seungwoo , Jo Jae-Hun
Published: July 2020

In this study, a model equation is derived that uses a statistical analysis based on empirical models to predict the airtightness of reinforced concrete apartment buildings popular in Asian regions. Airtightness data from 486 units personally measured by the authors in the past eight years are used. As major variables used in the prediction model, two groups of variables are configured for the geometric components of the envelope, which is a major path of airflow in a building and is where air infiltration and leakage occur. The two groups of variables represent (1) the areas of the individual components forming the envelope and (2) the connection lengths between different components of the envelope. For the effective prediction of airtightness, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied step by step in this study. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that the areas of the slab and the window are the area variables that present the greatest impact, whereas the perimeter length of the window is the connection length variable that presents the greatest impact. Using a multiple linear regression analysis method, airtightness prediction model equations can be derived, and it is found that the model with variables for area is able to predict airtightness more accurately compared to the two models derived from variables for connection length and all variables for area and connection length. Although the statistical approach in this study shows a limitation in that the prediction results may vary depending on the attributes and type of data collected by countries, the methodology and procedure in this study contribute to similar studies for making prediction models and finding the influence of variables in the future with high applicability and feasibility.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment to Eliminate Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Combination with Energy-Efficient Electrolysis at WWTP Mainz
Authors: Gretzschel Oliver , Schäfer Michael , Steinmetz Heidrun , Pick Erich , Kanitz Kim , Krieger Stefan
Published: July 2020

To achieve the Paris climate protection goals there is an urgent need for action in the energy sector. Innovative concepts in the fields of short-term flexibility, long-term energy storage and energy conversion are required to defossilize all sectors by 2040. Water management is already involved in this field with biogas production and power generation and partly with using flexibility options. However, further steps are possible. Additionally, from a water management perspective, the elimination of organic micropollutants (OMP) is increasingly important. In this feasibility study a concept is presented, reacting to energy surplus and deficits from the energy grid and thus providing the needed long-term storage in combination with the elimination of OMP in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The concept is based on the operation of an electrolyzer, driven by local power production on the plant (photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power plant (CHP)-units) as well as renewable energy from the grid (to offer system service: automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR)), to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is fed into the local gas grid and oxygen used for micropollutant removal via upgrading it to ozone. The feasibility of such a concept was examined for the WWTP in Mainz (Germany). It has been shown that despite partially unfavorable boundary conditions concerning renewable surplus energy in the grid, implementing electrolysis operated with regenerative energy in combination with micropollutant removal using ozonation and activated carbon filter is a reasonable and sustainable option for both, the climate and water protection.
Coal Combustion Products Management toward a Circular Economy—A Case Study of the Coal Power Plant Sector in Poland
Authors: Bielecka Agnieszka , Kulczycka Joanna
Published: July 2020

Coal combustion products can be considered as commercial products or waste depending on the quality of the coal, the combustion process, and the country’s legislation. The circular economy can create incentives for the implementation of new business models in large power plants in cooperation with coal mines and users of coal combustion products. This is particularly important in Poland, where coal still remains the main source of energy, employing over 80,000 workers. The objective of this study was to assess the readiness for change toward a circular economy and to identify challenges, barriers, and plans at seven large power plants. To do this, a final questionnaire was developed after checking environmental reporting, a CATI survey, and brainstorming between circular economy leaders from science, industry, and non-governmental organizations. The results indicate that even if the great economic and environmental potential of coal combustion products management are understood, all requirements connected with CO2 and air pollution have higher priorities. Policy shifts away from coal do not promote cooperation, but the higher acceptance of products from waste and more transparent data shows a large potential for changes toward a circular economy.
Optimal Model for Energy Management Strategy in Smart Building with Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Moya Francisco , Torres-Moreno José , Álvarez José
Published: July 2020

The aim of this work was to develop an optimal model for an energy management strategy in a real micro-grid, which involves a smart building, a photovoltaic system with storage, and a plug-in full electric vehicle. A controller based on a mathematical algorithm was the core of each strategy, which directly acted on a relay board managing the interconnection between the different elements comprising the micro-grid. The development of an optimization model involving binary variables required an efficient code that achieved solutions in a short time. The analyzed case-study corresponded to the solar energy research center (CIESOL) smart building, a bioclimatic building, that is located at the University of Almería (Spain), designated to research in renewable energies. Using the methodologies described in this work, the total cost of the smart building energy consumption was minimized by decreasing the power supplied from the grid, especially at peak hours. Highlighting the use of a simple model that provided better performance than the current state of the art methodologies. The optimal model for energy management strategy demonstrated the advantages of using classical optimization techniques to solve this specific optimization problem, compared to a rule-based controller. The linear modeling was capable of producing a simple algorithm with less code development and a reduction in the computational effort.
A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications
Authors: Zoui Mohamed Amine , Bentouba Saïd , Stocholm John G. , Bourouis Mahmoud
Published: July 2020

A thermoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon consisting of the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy (Seebeck effect) or inversely from electrical current into heat (Peltier effect) without moving mechanical parts. The low efficiency of thermoelectric devices has limited their applications to certain areas, such as refrigeration, heat recovery, power generation and renewable energy. However, for specific applications like space probes, laboratory equipment and medical applications, where cost and efficiency are not as important as availability, reliability and predictability, thermoelectricity offers noteworthy potential. The challenge of making thermoelectricity a future leader in waste heat recovery and renewable energy is intensified by the integration of nanotechnology. In this review, state-of-the-art thermoelectric generators, applications and recent progress are reported. Fundamental knowledge of the thermoelectric effect, basic laws, and parameters affecting the efficiency of conventional and new thermoelectric materials are discussed. The applications of thermoelectricity are grouped into three main domains. The first group deals with the use of heat emitted from a radioisotope to supply electricity to various devices. In this group, space exploration was the only application for which thermoelectricity was successful. In the second group, a natural heat source could prove useful for producing electricity, but as thermoelectricity is still at an initial phase because of low conversion efficiency, applications are still at laboratory level. The third group is progressing at a high speed, mainly because the investigations are funded by governments and/or car manufacturers, with the final aim of reducing vehicle fuel consumption and ultimately mitigating the effect of greenhouse gas emissions.
Super-Resolution DoA Estimation on a Co-Prime Array via Positive Atomic Norm Minimization
Authors: Chung Hyeonjin , Park Young Mi , Kim Sunwoo
Published: July 2020

A super-resolution direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation algorithm that employs a co-prime array and positive atomic norm minimization (ANM) is proposed. To exploit larger array cardinality, the co-prime array vector is constructed by arranging elements of a correlation matrix. The positive ANM is a technique that can enhance resolution when the coefficients of the atoms are the positive real numbers. A novel optimization problem is proposed to ensure the coefficients of the atoms are the positive real numbers, and the positive ANM is employed after solving the optimization problem. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high resolution and has lower complexity than the other ANM-based super-resolution DoA estimation algorithm.
Trade in the Carbon-Constrained Future: Exploiting the Comparative Carbon Advantage of Swedish Trade
Authors: Nielsen Hana , Kander Astrid
Published: July 2020

This paper introduces a new concept of comparative carbon advantage as a potential climate mitigation tool. According to the concept, welfare gains in terms of reduced global CO2 emissions can be achieved by exploiting cross-country sectoral differences in carbon intensity and decarbonized electricity system. The paper empirically tests the concept by utilizing annual data of Sweden between 1995 and 2008. Overall, the results show that Sweden contributed nearly 590 million tons of potential CO2 emissions savings through its exports by having an efficient and low-carbon production and electricity system. This total amount of 590 million tons of CO2 emissions relates to the total savings made if the same amount and composition of Swedish exports was produced using the world average technology. Furthermore, the contribution of Sweden’s low carbon electricity generation was over 34% of the total savings, of which some 20% were direct exports of electricity and 80% was electricity embodied in exported products. This research provides a critical understanding of the impact of efficient production and low carbon electricity in generating relative comparative carbon advantage—a policy relevant aspect for the increasingly globalized, and carbon-constrained, world.
Analysis of Microwave Thermal Stress Fracture Characteristics and Size Effect of Sandstone under Microwave Heating
Authors: Gao Feng , Shao Yan , Zhou Keping
Published: July 2020

Microwave-induced rock fracture is one of the promising approaches of achieving non-blasting continuous mining and assisted mechanical rock breaking. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the temperature effect and fracture characteristics of rocks of different sizes under microwave heating; however, there are few studies in this field. Microwave heating of φ 50 × 100 mm, φ 50 × 50 mm, and φ 50 × 25 mm sandstone samples with different heating powers and times was performed to measure the temperature of the sample, the microwave energy absorbed, the mass, and the P-wave velocity before and after heating. The results show suppress that (i) under the same heating conditions, the mass difference and the temperature increase range of φ 50 × 100 mm and φ 50 × 50 mm samples are larger than that of the φ 50 × 25 mm samples; (ii) the wave velocity change rate and the damage factor of samples increase with the increase of heating power and time; (iii) different size specimens have different crack- propagation modes. The main crack of φ 50 × 100 mm specimens usually starts from the middle of the height of the specimen; for the φ 50 × 50 mm specimens, it usually starts from the middle or bottom-end surface of the specimen height; the main crack of φ 50 × 25 mm specimens starts from the vertical surface of the specimen. With an increase in the heating time, the length and width of the main crack continuously increase and secondary cracks are generated. The fracture mode of the sample is also related to the size of the sample. The fracture mode can be divided into three parts: melt fracture, thermal-expansion fracture, and secondary thermal-expansion fracture. The relationship between the sample temperature and the absorbed microwave energy is approximately linear.
Heat Exchanger Sizing for Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Bull James , Buick James M. , Radulovic Jovana
Published: July 2020

Approximately 45% of power generated by conventional power systems is wasted due to power conversion process limitations. Waste heat recovery can be achieved in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) by converting low temperature waste heat into useful energy, at relatively low-pressure operating conditions. The ORC system considered in this study utilises R-1234yf as the working fluid; the work output and thermal efficiency were evaluated for several operational pressures. Plate and shell and tube heat exchangers were analysed for the three sections: preheater, evaporator and superheater for the hot side; and precooler and condenser for the cold side. Each heat exchanger section was sized using the appropriate correlation equations for single-phase and two-phase fluid models. The overall heat exchanger size was evaluated for optimal operational conditions. It was found that the plate heat exchanger out-performed the shell and tube in regard to the overall heat transfer coefficient and area.
Battery Energy Storage Systems in the United Kingdom: A Review of Current State-of-the-Art and Future Applications
Authors: Mexis Ioannis , Todeschini Grazia
Published: July 2020

The number of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) installed in the United Kingdom and worldwide is growing rapidly due to a variety of factors, including technological improvements, reduced costs and the ability to provide various ancillary services. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive literature review on this technology, its applications in power systems and to identify potential future developments. At first, the main BESSs projects in the UK are presented and classified. The parameters provided for each project include rated power, battery technology and ancillary services provided, if any. In the next section, the most commonly deployed ancillary services are classified and described. At the same time, the nomenclature found in the literature is explained and harmonised. The second part of the paper focuses on future developments and research gaps: ancillary services that currently are not common but that are likely to be deployed more widely in the future will be described, and more general research topics related to the development of BESSs for power system applications will be outlined.
Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in Power System Using Modified-Combination between the Stockwell Transform and Decision Tree Methods
Authors: Minh Khoa Ngo , Van Dai Le
Published: July 2020

The detection, mitigation, and classification of power quality (PQ) disturbances have been issues of interest in the power system field. This paper proposes an approach to detect and classify various types of PQ disturbances based on the Stockwell transform (ST) and decision tree (DT) methods. At first, the ST is developed based on the moving, localizing, and scalable Gaussian window to detect five statistical features of PQ disturbances such as the high frequency of oscillatory transient, distinction between stationary and non-stationary, the voltage amplitude oscillation around an average value, the existence of harmonics in a disturbance signal, and the root mean square voltage at the internal period of sag, swell or interruption. Then, these features are classified into nine types, such as normal, sag, swell, interruption, harmonic, flicker, oscillatory transient, harmonic voltage sag, and harmonic voltage swell by using the DT algorithm that is based on a set of rules with the structure “if…then’’. This proposed study is simulated using MATLAB simulation. The IEEE 13-bus system, the recorded real data based on PQube, and the experiment based on the laboratory environment are applied to verify the effectiveness.
The Latest Method for Surface Tension Determination: Experimental Validation
Authors: Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz , Gajewski Andrzej
Published: July 2020

The highest effectiveness of heat exchange is under boiling; hence, surface tension is an important parameter and should be determined when new liquid substances are created. The most popular methods are based on numerically solving the Young–Laplace equation by applying the Bashforth and Adams algorithm, which fails at the poles and at the inflection points. The newest algorithm is based on the closed-form expressions that define a drop or bubble. It gives the accurate solutions for the fully created drops or bubbles. To validate it, the surface tension value is determined for the air bubbles in water and compared with the reference data. Because the relative discrepancies are extremely small, the new method may be thought of as positively validated.
Data-Driven Pulsatile Blood Flow Physics with Dynamic Mode Decomposition
Authors: Habibi Milad , Dawson Scott T. M. , Arzani Amirhossein
Published: July 2020

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a purely data-driven and equation-free technique for reduced-order modeling of dynamical systems and fluid flow. DMD finds a best fit linear reduced-order model that represents any given spatiotemporal data. In DMD, each mode evolves with a fixed frequency and therefore DMD modes represent physically meaningful structures that are ranked based on their dynamics. The application of DMD to patient-specific cardiovascular flow data is challenging. First, the input flow rate is unsteady and pulsatile. Second, the flow topology can change significantly in different phases of the cardiac cycle. Finally, blood flow in patient-specific diseased arteries is complex and often chaotic. The objective of this study was to overcome these challenges using our proposed multistage dynamic mode decomposition with control (mDMDc) method and use this technique to study patient-specific blood flow physics. The inlet flow rate was considered as the controller input to the systems. Blood flow data were divided into different stages based on the inlet flow waveform and DMD with control was applied to each stage. The system was augmented to consider both velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) vector data, and therefore study the interaction between the coherent structures in velocity and near-wall coherent structures in WSS. First, it was shown that DMD modes can exactly represent the analytical Womersley solution for incompressible pulsatile flow in tubes. Next, our method was applied to image-based coronary artery stenosis and cerebral aneurysm models where complex blood flow patterns are anticipated. The flow patterns were studied using the mDMDc modes and the reconstruction errors were reported. Our augmented mDMDc framework could capture coherent structures in velocity and WSS with a fewer number of modes compared to the traditional DMD approach and demonstrated a close connection between the velocity and WSS modes.
Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters
Authors: No Wonjun , Choi Junyong , Park Sangjoon , Lee David
Published: July 2020

Efficient evacuation planning is important for quickly navigating people to shelters during and after an earthquake. Geographical information systems are often used to plan routes that minimize the distance people must walk to reach shelters, but this approach ignores the risk of exposure to hazards such as collapsing buildings. We demonstrate evacuation route assignment approaches that consider both hazard exposure and walking distance, by estimating building collapse hazard zones and incorporating them as travel costs when traversing road networks. We apply our methods to a scenario simulating the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake in South Korea, using the floating population distribution as estimated by a mobile phone network provider. Our results show that balanced routing would allow evacuees to avoid the riskiest districts while walking reasonable distances to open shelters. We discuss the feasibility of the model for balancing both safety and expediency in evacuation route planning.
Nucleophosmin in Its Interaction with Ligands
Authors: Cela Ilaria , Di Matteo Adele , Federici Luca
Published: July 2020

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a mainly nucleolar protein that shuttles between nucleoli, nucleoplasm and cytoplasm to fulfill its many functions. It is a chaperone of both nucleic acids and proteins and plays a role in cell cycle control, centrosome duplication, ribosome maturation and export, as well as the cellular response to a variety of stress stimuli. NPM1 is a hub protein in nucleoli where it contributes to nucleolar organization through heterotypic and homotypic interactions. Furthermore, several alterations, including overexpression, chromosomal translocations and mutations are present in solid and hematological cancers. Recently, novel germline mutations that cause dyskeratosis congenita have also been described. This review focuses on NPM1 interactions and inhibition. Indeed, the list of NPM1 binding partners is ever-growing and, in recent years, many studies contributed to clarifying the structural basis for NPM1 recognition of both nucleic acids and several proteins. Intriguingly, a number of natural and synthetic ligands that interfere with NPM1 interactions have also been reported. The possible role of NPM1 inhibitors in the treatment of multiple cancers and other pathologies is emerging as a new therapeutic strategy.
Advanced Strategies for the Regeneration of Lumbar Disc Annulus Fibrosus
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Diwan Ashish D. , Tipper Joanne L.
Published: July 2020

Damage to the annulus fibrosus (AF), the outer region of the intervertebral disc (IVD), results in an undesirable condition that may accelerate IVD degeneration causing low back pain. Despite intense research interest, attempts to regenerate the IVD have failed so far and no effective strategy has translated into a successful clinical outcome. Of particular significance, the failure of strategies to repair the AF has been a major drawback in the regeneration of IVD and nucleus replacement. It is unlikely to secure regenerative mediators (cells, genes, and biomolecules) and artificial nucleus materials after injection with an unsealed AF, as IVD is exposed to significant load and large deformation during daily activities. The AF defects strongly change the mechanical properties of the IVD and activate catabolic routes that are responsible for accelerating IVD degeneration. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or reconstruct AF damage to support operational IVD regenerative strategies and nucleus replacement. By the way of this review, repair and regenerative strategies for AF reconstruction, their current status, challenges ahead, and future outlooks were discussed.
A Possible Role for Arylsulfatase G in Dermatan Sulfate Metabolism
Authors: Poterala-Hejmo Aleksandra , Golda Adam , Pacholczyk Marcin , Student Sebastian , Tylki-Szymańska Anna , Lalik Anna
Published: July 2020

Perturbations of glycosaminoglycan metabolism lead to mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)—lysosomal storage diseases. One type of MPS (type VI) is associated with a deficiency of arylsulfatase B (ARSB), for which we previously established a cellular model using pulmonary artery endothelial cells with a silenced ARSB gene. Here, we explored the effects of silencing the ARSB gene on the growth of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in the presence of different concentrations of dermatan sulfate (DS). The viability of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells with a silenced ARSB gene was stimulated by the dermatan sulfate. In contrast, the growth of pulmonary artery endothelial cells was not affected. As shown by microarray analysis, the expression of the arylsulfatase G (ARSG) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells increased after silencing the arylsulfatase B gene, but the expression of genes encoding other enzymes involved in the degradation of dermatan sulfate did not. The active site of arylsulfatase G closely resembles that of arylsulfatase B, as shown by molecular modeling. Together, these results lead us to propose that arylsulfatase G can take part in DS degradation; therefore, it can affect the functioning of the cells with a silenced arylsulfatase B gene.
Angiotensin II Infusion Leads to Aortic Dissection in LRP8 Deficient Mice
Authors: Lagrange Jeremy , Finger Stefanie , Kossmann Sabine , Garlapati Venkata , Ruf Wolfram , Wenzel Philip
Published: July 2020

Myeloid cells are crucial for the development of vascular inflammation. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) or Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), is expressed by macrophages, endothelial cells and platelets and has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the role of LRP8, in particular from immune cells, in the development of vascular inflammation. Methods. LRP8+/+ and LRP8−/− mice (on B6;129S background) were infused with angiotensin II (AngII, 1 mg/kg/day for 7 to 28 day) using osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was recorded using tail cuff measurements. Vascular reactivity was assessed in isolated aortic segments. Leukocyte activation and infiltration were assessed by flow cytometry of aortic tissue and intravital videomicroscopy imaging. Histological analysis of aortic sections was conducted using sirius red staining. Results. AngII infusion worsened endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation and immune cells rolling and adherence to the carotid artery in both LRP8+/+ as well as LRP8−/− mice. However, only LRP8−/− mice demonstrated a drastically increased mortality rate in response to AngII due to aortic dissection. Bone marrow transplantation revealed that chimeras with LRP8 deficient myeloid cells phenocopied LRP8−/− mice. Conclusion. AngII-infused LRP8 deficient mice could be a useful animal model to study aortic dissection reflecting the lethality of this disease in humans.