bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Set Up of an Automatic Water Quality Sampling System in Irrigation Agriculture
Authors: Heinz Emanuel , Kraft Philipp , Buchen Caroline , Frede Hans-Georg , Aquino Eugenio , Breuer Lutz
Published: December 2013

We have developed a high-resolution automatic sampling system for continuous in situ measurements of stable water isotopic composition and nitrogen solutes along with hydrological information. The system facilitates concurrent monitoring of a large number of water and nutrient fluxes (ground, surface, irrigation and rain water) in irrigated agriculture. For this purpose we couple an automatic sampling system with a Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectrometry System (WS-CRDS) for stable water isotope analysis (δ2H and δ18O), a reagentless hyperspectral UV photometer (ProPS) for monitoring nitrate content and various water level sensors for hydrometric information. The automatic sampling system consists of different sampling stations equipped with pumps, a switch cabinet for valve and pump control and a computer operating the system. The complete system is operated via internet-based control software, allowing supervision from nearly anywhere. The system is currently set up at the International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños, The Philippines) in a diversified rice growing system to continuously monitor water and nutrient fluxes. Here we present the system’s technical set-up and provide initial proof-of-concept with results for the isotopic composition of different water sources and nitrate values from the 2012 dry season.
Adsorption Studies of Coconut Shell Carbons Prepared by KOH Activation for Removal of Lead(II) From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Song Chengwen , Wu Shuaihua , Cheng Murong , Tao Ping , Shao Mihua , Gao Guangrui
Published: December 2013

Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using coconut shell carbons produced by KOH activation is performed in this paper. Morphology and pore structure characteristic of coconut shell carbons are analyzed by SEM and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Effects of adsorbent concentration, agitation time and initial ion concentration on the adsorption behavior are investigated, and adsorption isotherm and kinetics on coconut shell carbons are also studied. The results show that high weight ratio of KOH/sample is favorable to produce rich porous structure. The resultant coconut shell carbons with a high specific surface area of 1135 m2/g is obtained and demonstrates good adsorption potential on removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. Adsorption data fit well with Freundlich and Halsey isotherms. The kinetic studies indicate that adsorption behavior can be described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which also follows external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion in the adsorption process.
Persea schiedeana: A High Oil “Cinderella Species” Fruit with Potential for Tropical Agroforestry Systems
Authors: Bost Jay
Published: December 2013

Persea schiedeana, a close relative of avocado (Persea americana), is an important part of agroforestry systems and diets in parts of Mesoamerica, particularly in the coffee growing areas of southeastern Mexico and Guatemala, where it is known as chinene, coyo, and yas. Little research attention has been given to this species, other than as a rootstock for avocado. Research carried out in six villages composing the Comité de Recursos Naturales de la Chinantla Alta (CORENCHI) in Oaxaca, Mexico shows that Persea schiedeana has potential as a supplement to avocado production in subsistence systems and as a potential oil crop in more market oriented agroforestry systems. This survey of Persea schiedeana in the Chinantla area reports on the ethnoecology and management of chinene, as well as on the morphological diversity of the fruit in the area. High morphological diversity for fruit characters was noted and it is suggested that artificial selection has occurred and been modestly successful for desired fruit characters. Superior fruiting trees, identified during village level “chinene fairs” were targeted for vegetative propagation as part of a participatory domestication project. Such superior genotypes hold potential for addressing food security and creating marketable products in tropical areas around the globe.
Pilot Experimentation with Complete Mixing Anoxic Reactors to Improve Sewage Denitrification in Treatment Plants in Small Communities
Authors: Raboni Massimo , Torretta Vincenzo , Viotti Paolo , Urbini Giordano
Published: December 2013

This paper reports the results of two sewage treatment tests in a community of 15,000 inhabitants. The sewage treatment plant is subject to strong fluctuations in load (BOD5, COD, TKN), and in particular in the BOD5/TKN ratio. These fluctuations adversely affect the biological denitrification, as demonstrated by many pilot and real-scale plants. The plants we tested were subjected to two treatment types: anoxic-aerobic and simultaneous denitrification. Both processes are designed for complete mixing conditions in the reactors in order to level the fluctuations in the load and thus improve the denitrification efficiency. The results prove that an average denitrification efficiency of up to 80% can be achieved with the sludge loading close to 0.1 kg BOD5 (d∙kgMLVSS)−1. The effect of the sludge loading and dissolved oxygen on the denitrification efficiency is highlighted.
Incidence and Levels of Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contaminants in Animal Feeds Used in Korea in 2012
Authors: Kim Dong-Ho , Lee In-Hye , Do Woo-Hyun , Nam Woo-Seon , Li Hua , Jang Han-Sub , Lee Chan
Published: December 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins B1 and B2 (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) contaminants in animal feeds used in Korea in 2012. Contamination with DON was observed in 91.33% and 53.33% in compound feeds and feed ingredients, respectively. Among compound feeds, poultry layer feed (laying) exhibited the highest contaminant level of 1.492 mg/kg. FBs contaminants were present in compound feeds and feed ingredients at 93.33% and 83.33%, respectively. Most poultry broiler (early) feeds were highly contaminated with FBs, and one of these feeds detected the level as 12.823 mg/kg as the highest level. The levels of ZEN in compound feeds and feed ingredients were 71.33% and 47%, respectively. Ninety-eight percent of compound feeds for cattle were contaminated with ZEN, and the highest contamination level of 0.405 mg/kg was observed in cattle fatting feeds.
Therapeutic MSC exosomes are derived from lipid raft microdomains in the plasma membrane
Authors: Tan Soon Sim , Yin Yijun , Lee Tricia , Lai Ruenn Chai , Yeo Ronne Wee Yeh , Zhang Bin , Choo Andre , Lim Sai Kiang
Published: December 2013

Background

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) was previously shown to secrete lipid vesicles that when purified by high performance liquid chromatography as a population of homogenously sized particles with a hydrodynamic radius of 55–65 nm reduce infarct size in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. As these vesicles exhibit many biophysical and biochemical properties of exosomes, they were identified as exosomes. Here we investigated if these lipid vesicles were indeed exosomes that have an endosomal biogenesis.

Method

In most cells, endocytosis is thought to occur at specialized microdomains known as lipid rafts. To demonstrate an endosomal origin for MSC exosomes, MSCs were pulsed with ligands e.g. transferrin (Tfs) and Cholera Toxin B (CTB) that bind receptors in lipid rafts. The endocytosed ligands were then chased to determine if they were incorporated into the exosomes.

Results

A fraction of exogenous Tfs was found to recycle into MSC exosomes. When MSCs were pulsed with labelled Tfs in the presence of chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, Tf incorporation in CD81‐immunoprecipitate was reduced during the chase. CTB which binds GM1 gangliosides that are enriched in lipid rafts extracted exosome‐associated proteins, CD81, CD9, Alix and Tsg101 from MSC‐conditioned medium. Exogenous CTBs were pulse‐chased into secreted vesicles. Extraction of Tf‐ or CTB‐binding vesicles in an exosome preparation mutually depleted each other. Inhibition of sphingomyelinases reduced CTB‐binding vesicles.

Conclusion

Together, our data demonstrated that MSC exosomes are derived from endocytosed lipid rafts and that their protein cargo includes exosome‐associated proteins CD81, CD9, Alix and Tsg101.
Till composition across the Rae craton south of Wager Bay, Nunavut: results from the Geo-Mapping Frontiers' Tehery-Cape Dobbs project
Authors: McMartin I , Wodicka N , Bazor D , Boyd B
Published: December 2013

This report presents the field database and analytical results from the 2012 till sampling campaign of the GEM Geo-mapping Frontiers' Tehery-Cape Dobbs project. Pebble lithologies, dominated by felsic to intermediate intrusive rocks with minor metavolcanic and
metasedimentary rocks, indicate short glacial transport distances and local provenance, likely linked to proximity to the Keewatin Ice Divide during the last glaciation. Forsteritic olivine grains, locally coincident with mantle-derived indicator minerals (chromite, Cr-diospide, Cr-pyrope), are most
abundant south of the kimberlite field discovered by Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. and form a possible fan-shaped dispersal pattern that extends 80 km, parallel to a strong southeast ice-flow recorded south of the Keewatin Ice Divide. Potential sources for the olivine grains include olivine-rich crustal
rocks or multiple kimberlite bodies. A supracrustal belt in the central portion of the map area shows the greatest potential for base and precious metal mineralization as highlighted by anomalous values in Ag, Cu, Bi, Au, and other metals in till samples collected near a sulphide gossan within the
belt.
Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for ultrasound and carcass merit traits in crossbred beef cattle
Authors: Miar Y. , Plastow G. S. , Bruce H. L. , Moore S. S. , Durunna O. N. , Nkrumah J. D. , Wang Z.
Published: December 2013

Miar, Y., Plastow, G. S., Bruce, H. L., Moore, S. S., Durunna, O. N., Nkrumah, J. D. and Wang, Z. 2014. Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for ultrasound and carcass merit traits in crossbred beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 273–280. Ultrasound measurements of 852 crossbred steers along with carcass merit measurements on 756 of them were used to examine their genetic and phenotypic parameters. Traits including ultrasound backfat thickness (UBF), ultrasound ribeye area (UREA), ultrasound marbling (UMAR), carcass weight (CWT), carcass grade fat (CGF), carcass average backfat thickness (CABF), carcass ribeye area (CREA), carcass marbling score (CMAR), and carcass lean meat yield (CLMY) were measured on 6 yr of residual feed intake trials from 2003 to 2008. Pairwise bivariate animal models were performed for each combination of traits using ASReml software to estimate heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations among the traits. Significant fixed effects (contemporary group, and sire breed), covariates (age of dam, slaughter weight, and start test age of animal), and random additive effect were fitted in the models. The heritability estimates for UBF, UREA, UMAR, CWT, CGF, CABF, CREA, CMAR, and CLMY were 0.31, 0.17, 0.37, 0.40, 0.22, 0.25, 0.24, 0.38, and 0.28, respectively. Most of the phenotypic correlations were significant (P<0.05). CWT had low to moderate phenotypic correlations with most of the traits. Results show that heavier CWT tends to have more UREA, CGF, CABF, and CREA. Genetic correlations among these traits varied from weak to strong, but most of them were not significantly different from zero. Greater CREA may lead to decreased UMAR, and UBF due to negative genetic correlations (−0.56±0.32, and −0.45±0.23, respectively). The results support the potential value of ultrasound technology in crossbreed beef cattle breeding programs to generate indicator traits for carcass quality. In addition, carcass lean meat yield correlated favourably with backfat thickness and rib eye area but correlated unfavourably with UMAR. The estimated genetic parameters for ultrasound and carcass merit traits can be incorporated into breeding programs that emphasize carcass quality in Canadian crossbred beef cattle populations.
Analysis of five bioactive compounds from naturally occurring Rhodiola rosea in eastern Canada
Authors: Saunders David , Poppleton Daniel , Struchkov Anton , Ireland Robert
Published: December 2013

Saunders, D., Poppleton, D., Struchkov, A. and Ireland, R. 2014. Analysis of five bioactive compounds from naturally occurring Rhodiola rosea in eastern Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 741–748. The plant Rhodiola rosea produces several bioactive compounds including salidroside, tyrosol, rosarin, rosavin, and rosin. These compounds have been used in traditional medicinal practices in Asia and are currently found in many nutraceutical mixtures. The nutraceutical qualities of these five compounds has resulted in over harvesting of natural populations of R. rosea and instigated several industrial cultivation operations. The purpose of this study was to examine R. rosea from five distinct natural populations in the maritime provinces of Canada to determine the concentrations of these five bioactive compounds. Ten samples were obtained from each of five sites and the concentration of each compound in the rhizomes was determined. Reverse phase-HPLC with a diode array detector was used to quantify the five compounds extracted from plant samples. The concentrations of salidroside were found to be as high as 1.76% of total dry weight, tyrosol 0.28%, rosarin 1.1%, rosavin 2.14%, and rosin 0.31%. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to determine rhizomal concentrations of the five bioactive compounds in natural Canadian samples of R. rosea.
The role of long-range transport and domestic emissions in determining atmospheric secondary inorganic particle concentrations across the UK
Authors: Vieno M. , Heal M. R. , Hallsworth S. , Famulari D. , Doherty R. M. , Dore A. J. , Tang Y. S. , Braban C. F. , Leaver D. , Sutton M. A. , Reis S.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Surface concentrations of secondary inorganic particle components over the UK have been analysed for 2001–2010 using the EMEP4UK regional atmospheric chemistry transport model. In early 2003 an episode of substantially elevated surface concentrations of ammonium nitrate was measured across the UK by the AGANET network. The EMEP4UK model was able accurately to represent both the long-term decadal surface concentrations and the episode in 2003. The latter was identified as consisting of three separate episodes, each of less than 1 month duration, in February, March and April. The primary cause of the elevated nitrate levels across the UK was meteorological, a persistent high pressure system, but whose varying location impacted the relative importance of transboundary vs. domestic emissions. Whilst long-range transport dominated the elevated nitrate in February, in contrast it was domestic emissions that mainly contributed to the March episode, and for the April episode both domestic emissions and long-range transport contributed. A prolonged episode such as the one in early 2003 can have substantial impact on annual average concentrations. The episode led to annual concentration differences at the regional scale of similar magnitude to those driven by long-term changes in precursor emissions over the full decade investigated here. The results demonstrate that a substantial part of the UK, particularly the south and south-east, may be close to or actually exceeding annual mean limit values because of import of inorganic aerosol components from continental Europe under specific conditions. The results reinforce the importance of employing multiple year simulations in the assessment of emissions reduction scenarios on PM concentrations and the need for international agreements to address the transboundary component of air pollution.
Monitoring high-ozone events in the US Intermountain West using TEMPO geostationary satellite observations
Authors: Zoogman P. , Jacob D. J. , Chance K. , Liu X. , Fiore A. , Lin M. , Travis K.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. High-ozone events, approaching or exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), are frequently observed in the US Intermountain West in association with subsiding background influence. Monitoring and attribution of these events is problematic because of the sparsity of the surface network and lack of vertical information. We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) to evaluate the ability of the future geostationary satellite instrument Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), scheduled for launch in 2018–2019, to monitor and attribute high-ozone events in the Intermountain West through data assimilation. TEMPO will observe ozone in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) for sensitivity in the lower troposphere. Our OSSE uses ozone data from the GFDL AM3 chemistry-climate model (CCM) as the "true" atmosphere and samples it for April–June 2010 with the current surface network (CASTNet sites), TEMPO, and a low Earth orbit (LEO) IR satellite instrument. The synthetic data are then assimilated into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) using a Kalman filter. Error correlation length scales (500 km in horizontal, 1.7 km in vertical) extend the range of influence of observations. We show that assimilation of surface data alone does not adequately detect high-ozone events in the Intermountain West. Assimilation of TEMPO data greatly improves the monitoring capability, with little information added from the LEO instrument. The vertical information from TEMPO further enables the attribution of NAAQS exceedances to background ozone and this is illustrated with the case of a stratospheric intrusion.
A global historical Radiosondes and Tracked Balloons Archive on standard pressure levels back to the 1920s
Authors: Ramella Pralungo L. , Haimberger L. , Stickler A. , Brönnimann S.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Long observed time series of climate state quantities are needed to extend our understanding of global weather, climate variability and monitoring not only at the Earths surface but also the free atmosphere, since climate anomalies and climate change have a three-dimensional spatial structure. Radiosonde data before 1958 and tracked balloon (PILOT) data are rarely available at standard times on standard pressure levels, which complicates their use for climate studies. This paper describes an upper air dataset on standard pressure levels at 00:00 GMT and 12:00 GMT for parameters temperature and wind. The input data sources of this dataset are the Comprehensive Historical Upper Air Network (CHUAN version 1.7), the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) and upper air observations from the reanalysis datasets ERA-40 and ERA-Interim. As such it contains many data that have been digitized and collected in the EU FP7 project ERA-CLIM. Those data, which partly exist at asynoptic times and on altitude levels instead of pressure levels, have been brought to synoptic times and standard pressure levels using state of the art interpolation techniques, employing geopotential information National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) 20th Century Reanalysis (NOAA 20CR) to aid the interpolation. The standardized time series have been merged if necessary, taking care that the data are traceable back to their original sources. Only time series longer than 300 days have been saved in the merged archive, since the main purpose of this dataset is to aid climatological studies. If possible WMO numbers have been given to the station records. For some records which have never been identified by a WMO number, a local ID above 100 000 has been attached. This paper describes the merging procedure, data count and data quality and how traceability of the data is ensured. It does not describe a homogenization procedure for both temperature and wind data. Homogeneity adjustments for both temperature and wind will be provided in a forthcoming paper. All the archives and metadata files are available in the PANGAEA archive with associated DOI http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.823617. If users prefer netCDF files, they can be downloaded via http://www.univie.ac.at/theoret-met/research/raobcore/.
Estimating soil organic carbon stocks of Swiss forest soils by robust external-drift kriging
Authors: Nussbaum M. , Papritz A. , Baltensweiler A. , Walthert L.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Accurate estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are required to quantify carbon sources and sinks caused by land use change at national scale. This study presents a novel robust kriging method to precisely estimate regional and national mean SOC stocks, along with truthful standard errors. We used this new approach to estimate mean forest SOC stock for Switzerland and for its five main ecoregions. Using data of 1033 forest soil profiles, we modelled stocks of two compartments (0–30, 0–100 cm depth) of mineral soils. Lognormal regression models that accounted for correlation between SOC stocks and environmental covariates and residual (spatial) auto-correlation were fitted by a newly developed robust restricted maximum likelihood method, which is insensitive to outliers in the data. Precipitation, near-infrared reflectance, topographic and aggregated information of a soil and a geotechnical map were retained in the models. Both models showed weak but significant residual autocorrelation. The predictive power of the fitted models, evaluated by comparing predictions with independent data of 175 soil profiles, was moderate (robust R2 = 0.34 for SOC stock in 0–30 cm and R2 = 0.40 in 0–100 cm). Prediction standard errors (SE), validated by comparing point prediction intervals with data, proved to be conservative. Using the fitted models we mapped forest SOC stock by robust external-drift point kriging at high resolution across Switzerland. Predicted mean stocks in 0–30 cm and 0–100 cm depth were equal to 7.99 kg m−2 (SE 0.15 kg m−2) and 12.58 kg m−2 (SE 0.24 kg m−2), respectively. Hence, topsoils store about 64% of SOC stocks down to 100 cm depth. Previous studies underestimated SOC stocks of topsoil slightly and those of subsoils strongly. The comparison further revealed that our estimates have substantially smaller SE than previous estimates.
Submarine eskers preserved on Adler Grund, south-western Baltic Sea
Authors: Feldens Peter , Diesing Marku , Wilken Dennis , Schwarzer Klaus
Published: December 2013

The position of offshore ice margins, especially in the Baltic Sea, is poorly known. Based on hydroacoustic surveys, we mapped a field of submarine eskers on the seafloor of the shoal Adler Grund, southwestern Baltic Sea. The eskers comprise discontinuous, branching ridge structures with zigzag-shaped crests.
These features are elevated up to 7 m above the surrounding seafloor with slope angles approaching 26o. The ridges are composed of gravel and boulders. Their interpretation as glacio-tectonic features is unlikely due to branching ridge crests and a continuous reflector at the base of several ridges. Based on their morphology and distribution, the ridges are interpreted as concertina eskers formed by meltwater outbursts close to an ice margin. Their good state of preservation indicates that the eskers were most likely formed during the last advance of the Weichselian glaciation across the study region.
Changes of the land use patterns in Polish and Lithuanian trans-border rural area
Authors: Senetra Adam , Szczepańska Agnieszka , Veteikis Darijus , Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska Monika , Šimanauskienė Rasa , Volungevičius Jonas
Published: December 2013

The objective of this study was to analyse changes in the land use patterns of agricultural land and forests in Polish and Lithuanian trans-border rural areas. A studied territorial complex comprises two Polish voivodships (Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie) and two Lithuanian counties (Marijampolė and Alytus). The principal research sites were Polish counties (Polish: powiat, the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland) and Lithuanian municipalities (Lithuanian: savivaldybė, the second-level unit of local government and administration in Lithuania), which represent corresponding territorial units in the respective national administrative structures. The analysed dataset covers the period of 2005–2010 and supports the identification of changes in the land use structure of farmland and forests which have taken place since the introduction of political and economic transformations in Poland and Lithuania. The dynamics and direction of changes were compared against different historical and economic backgrounds to assess the prevailing trends in land use profiles in both countries.
Underwater noise generated by the detonation of historical ordnance in the Baltic Sea, Lithuania: potential ecological impacts on marine life
Authors: Bagočius Donatas
Published: December 2013

The removal of ordnance and ammunition followed by high levels of impulsive noise is implemented yearly in the Lithuanian area of the Baltic Sea. During the international naval exercise Open Spirit (Summer 2013), an acoustical survey (using submersible cable hydrophone) was conducted in order to measure the underwater impulsive noise levels produced by controlled detonation and to assess their potential ecological impacts. The findings indicate a high noise energy level of explosions having a particularly small weight of charges, reaching up to 190 dB (in low-frequency bands) and theoretical estimations of the initial shock wave of 276 dB.
The Lesser Trochanter as a Cause of Hip Impingement: Pathophysiology and Treatment Options
Authors: Ganz Reinhold , Slongo Theddy , Turchetto Luigino , Massè Alessandro , Whitehead David , Leunig Michael
Published: December 2013

Impingement of the lesser trochanter on the ischium or the posterior acetabular rim is not a frequent pathology, but has recently received increased recognition. We have seen 14 cases over a period of 14 years, but concentrate on eight hips showing complex deformities revealing similar characteristics. All eight hips had a residual Perthes or a Perthes-like disease with an elliptically deformed femoral head, but a congurent joint a short or absent femoral neck, a high riding greater trochanter, and a reduced vertical distance between the head and the lesser trochanter. Impingement took place between the lesser trochanter and the ischium or the posteroinferior acetabular border, but was hardly recognisable due to the predominant intraarticular impingement of the nonspherical femoral head and the extraarticular impingement of the greater trochanter. In three cases the impingement showed reproducible subluxation of the hip.

While in our hips, excision was the preferred treatment for impingement due to an oversized lesser trochanter, distal advancement was used in the hips with the Perthes morphology; the surgical time was not longer. The overall clinical results in this group however were dominated by a substantial increase in the range of motion (ROM), dependent mainly on the achieved contour of the femoral head and the relative lengthening of the neck.

Strength of active hip flexion was normal. Recurrent subluxation disappeared and no complications were recorded.
A Systematic Approach to Analyse the Sequelae of LCPD
Authors: Tannast Moritz , MacIntyre Neil , Steppacher Simon D. , Hosalkar Harish S. , Ganz Reinhold , Siebenrock Klaus A.
Published: December 2013

The analysis and treatment of hips with healed Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) differs substantially from the treatment in the acute phase of the disease. More specifically, the treating orthopaedic surgeon is often faced with a complex three-dimensional pathomorphology of the hip that is difficult to understand and correct. To date, none of the current classification systems provide a useful decision-making algorithm with regards to the type of surgical intervention necessary to improve hip function in patients with sequelae of LCPD. The conceptual recognition of the femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and the ability to safely dislocate the hip have revolutionised our diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for joint-preserving surgery of hips with structural residuals of LCPD. We present a systematic approach to analyse femoral and acetabular pathomorphologic features. The resulting pathomechanisms and the surgical treatment options are presented.
Concise review of recent studies in vitiligo
Authors: Allam Mohamed , Riad Hassan
Published: December 2013

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentry disorder of the skin and mucous membranes which manifests as white macules and patches due to selective loss of melanocytes. Etiological hypotheses of vitiligo include genetic, immunological, neurohormonal, cytotoxic, biochemical, oxidative stress and newer theories of melanocytorrhagy and decreased melanocytes survival. There are several types of vitiligo which are usually diagnosed clinically and by using a Wood's lamp; also vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune diseases, audiological and ophthalmological findings or it can be a part of polyendocrinopathy syndromes. Several interventions are available for the treatment for vitiligo to stop disease progression and/or to attain repigmentation or even depigmentation. In this article, we will present an overall view of current standing of vitiligo research work especially in the etiological factors most notably the genetic components, also, types and associations and various and newer treatment modalities.
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: un campo inexplorado por el psicólogo en Chile
Authors: Alvarez Yolanda
Published: December 2013

En nuestro país no hay psicólogos que trabajen en Servicios Intensivos ni intermedios de salud: donde se encuentra el denominado "paciente crítico". Los pacientes internados en la unidad de cuidado crítico, por definición, son graves y durante los últimos 20 años las unidades de cuidado intensivo han pasado a formar parte esencial de casi todos los hospitales generales; las instituciones ya establecidas cambian la disposición del espacio disponible para crearlas, no se construye ningún nuevo sin tales unidades. Su valor está comprobado en el tramiento del enfermo grave.En estas unidades, de características físicas y técnicas peculiares, se conjugan varios aspectos que conforman una atmósfera psicológica especial y poco usual, lo cual genera algunos efectos en el paciente, efectos psicológicos y psiquiátricos que requieren de la atención y acción de un especialista en la materia.Creo que nuestros profesionales psicólogos tendrían mucho que aportar en este sentido, mucho qué decir y hacer, especialmente esto último de modo que la presente pretende motivar a algunos colegas a intersarse en el tema.
Comentario sobre el hemisferio derecho y una dicotomía cerebral
Authors: Donoso S. Archibaldo
Published: December 2013

Hace más de un siglo Paul Broca presentó el caso de un paciente que había perdido el lenguaje expresivo a consecuencia de una lesión frontal izquierda y de ese modo destacó la importancia del hemisferio izquierdo (HI) en la comunicación verbal. Esa presentación inició en la historia de la neuropsicología el período del localizacionismo, que alcanzó su auge entre 1920 y 1930, con la acumulación de observaciones anatomo-clínicas y el progreso en el conocimiento de la estructura de la corteza cerebral. También inició el estudio de la dominancia o especialización hemisférica, que llevó a hablar de un hemisferio mayor o dominante, el HI, y un hemisferio menor, subordinado, de menor importancia, el hemisferio derecho (HD). Sin embargo ya en esa época un contemporáneo de Broca, el neurólogo inglés Hughlings Jackson fue capaz de plantear, en base a su experiencia clínica, que el HD también intervenía en el lenguaje, en sus aspectos emocionales o automáticos. En las últimas décadas el localizacionismo extremo se ha batido en retirada por dos razones principales: en primer lugar, se ha demostrado que en la mayor parte de las funciones cerebrales superiores (FCS), tales como el lenguaje, la memoria, la atención, la percepción visual, etc., participan múltiples áreas de ambos hemisferios y también las estructuras subcorticales, formando un sistema funcional.
Comunicación: ajustando cuentas con D.K. Berlo
Authors: Cortés S Cristián
Published: December 2013

El clásico "modelo" de la Comunicación Humana propuesto por D. Berlo en 1960, goza de una amplia aceptación en los medios académicos. El propio autor hizo una propuesta rigurosa autocrítica (1977) de sus planteamientos a la luz de nuevos paradigmas epistemológicos. El presente artículo recoge estos cambios y presenta algunas de sus consecuencias para una formulación de proposiciones alternativas.
Perspectivas teóricas en Psicología del Desarrollo
Authors: Vilches S Liliana
Published: December 2013

La autora se refiere a las limitaciones de la psicología en la comprensión y transformación de las personas, así como también a los aportes de la Psicología del Desarrollo en esta tarea de tan alta envergadura.Enseguida hace una revisión de las distintas aproximaciones teóricas en el área de su especialidad, destacando tanto las contribuciones como las omisiones de cada una de ellas.Queda de manifiesto la indispensable complementariedad de los diferentes enfoques teóricos en Psicología del Desarrollo.
Algunas consideraciones sobre el temor a la muerte
Authors: Aracena B Moisés
Published: December 2013

El artículo alude a una revisión de los decires de los clásicos en relación al tema de la muerte. Además de conceptos cristianos al respecto. El tema de la muerte es tratado por como un hecho que el espíritu rechaza, exacerbándose la idea de la vida como tránsito al goce y a los deleites. Se termina el artículo recordando la idea de los Trausos que tenían una visión muy particular al respecto.
El perfil del directivo 2000 en La Empresa Española
Authors: Martínez M.
Published: December 2013

Se ha afirmado que el éxito de una Empresa depende de dos condiciones, por una parte, si la empresa ha hecho una adecuada selección de su entorno, sus mercados y sus productos, y por otra parte, si el potencial directivo y de management que dispone, coordina de forma adecuada sus potenciales de tal manera que reduzcan los costes de coordinación de la empresa con sus mercados (GARCIA ECHEVERRIA, 1991).En la empersa española se ha conseguido éxito dentro de un contexto que podríamos definir como de economía cerrada, el entorno no ha sido punto de referencia para lograr el éxito empresarial, es decir el mercado ha sido no competitivo para las empersas surgidas hacia los años 60 y que perduran actualmente.
Principles of neural sciences
Authors: Espinoza C. Sergio
Published: December 2013

Principles of neural sciences, 1991, Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H. and Jessell, T.M., 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall International, Inc.
La respuesta empática: análisis de la consistencia del rendimiento en los distintos pasos del proceso
Authors: Reyes Figueroac Gabriel , Benitez J. Dagoberto , Ortíz de Zúñiga y E. Blanca
Published: December 2013

Sobre el supuesto de la existencia de uan serie de pasos secuenciales como parte del proceso de producción de la respuesta empática, el presente estudio intentó obtener información acerca de la posible relación entre dichos pasos.Con la utilización de un diseño de tipo "ex-post-facto", y a partir de la comparación de dos grupos de diferente nivel de agudeza empática, se examinó el grado de consistencia en el rendimiento ante cada uno de dichos pasos.Se concluye que si bien un rendimiento medio o alto en los pasos considerados como previos, la respuesta no asegura la obtención de niveles altos de Agudeza Empática, sin embargo estos mismos niveles son necesarios para el logro exitoso de la respuesta terminal.
La desvinculación asistida, (outplacement) y la continuidad en el empleo
Authors: López-Mena Luis
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo se revisa el desarrollo histórico de la tecnología del Outplacement (OPC) en la psicología aplicada a la industria. Se presentan los modelos de trabajo, los recursos técnicos que emplea el psicólogo especialista en OPC, los conceptos, y las estrategias generales para la búsqueda y acceso al Mercado de empleo. De igual forma se revisan algunos de los más recientes hallazgos en esta materia. Por ejemplo se ha encontrado que el nivel de autoestima puede contribuir a determinar a) las fuentes a las cuales recurren las personas para encontrar empleo, b) la evaluación que hacen los entrevistadores de los buscadores de empleo, c) el nivel de satisfacción con el proceso de búsqueda, d) el número de ofertas de trabajo que recibe e) aceptación de un trabajo antes de titularse y f) extensión de la persistencia en la búsqueda. Se examinan los resultados producto de la aplicación de la teoría de la autoeficiencia de Bandura y de habilidades sociales específicas, a la continuidad en el empleo y se resumen experiencias OPC realizadas en Chile, junto a un análisis costo/beneficio de las mismas.
Psicología comunitaria, ciudad y calidad de vida
Authors: Rozas Germán
Published: December 2013

Las ciudades capitales en Latinoamérica están sobredimensionadas. Gran parte de los habitantes se encuentran en las ciudades centro. Estas crecen y crecen sin freno, sobrecargando el territorio de múltiples necesidades imposibles de satisfacer al ritmo vertiginoso del crecimiento de la población. En la Región Metropolitana las ventajas y desventajas de la ciudad se distribuyen inequitativamente entre distintos sectores de la comunidad, provocando importantes desequilibrios. En este artículo se expone un análisis del proceso de saturación y su incidencia en la calidad de vida, donde esta última es expresión de problemáticas de salud mental, identidad comunitaria negativa, violencia intrabarrial, etc. La Psicología Comunitaria al respecto se encuentra acumulando experiencias que permitan apuntar a mejorar la calidad de vida e impulsar un diseño de planificación urbana participativo.
Ignacio Martín-Baró: figura emblemática de la psicología social Latinoamericana
Authors: Rubilar Solis Luis
Published: December 2013

A través de esta semblanza biobibliográfica, contextuada en la concreta realidad psicosocial y política del pueblo salvadoreño, e irradiada desde allí a Nuestra América (Psicología Social desde Centroamérica I y II, 1983-1989), pretendemos rescatar y resignificar su aporte científico social y humanista-cristiano. El desmontaje ideológico, la denuncia frente a la mentira institucionalizada y al abuso del poder, la descripción de los efectos psicosociales de la violencia y la guerra; la preocupación por la niñez y juventud, por las discriminaciones sociales y de género, y por el rol del psicólogo latinoamericano, constituyeron algunos de los tópicos recurrentes tratados en investigaciones, artículos, ponencias y libros por el sacerdote jesuita, Ignacio Martín-Baró, el Vicerrector de la UCA, de San Salvador.
Resiliencia al maltrato físico infantil. Variables que diferencian a los sujetos que maltratan y no maltratan físicamente a sus hijos en el presente y que tienen una historia de maltrato físico en la infancia
Authors: Araneda Marcela , Castillo Ramón , Haz Ana María , Cumsille Francisco , Muñoz Sergio , Bustos Luis , Román Francisca
Published: December 2013

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación que describe y modela las variables que diferencian a adultos con historia de violencia en la infancia que maltraten a sus hijos en el presente y aquellos que teniendo la misma historia, no maltratan a sus hijos en la actualidad (resilientes al maltrato físico severo).Los resultados encontrados apoyan lo planteado en la literatura respecto a los resilientes al maltrato físico en las siguientes líneas: (a) presentan niveles anímicos más estables (b) menores estresores ambientales. No obstante lo anterior, desde la perspectiva de los autores es necesario realizar nuevos estudios para establecer mayores niveles de seguridad de las tendencias observadas de los sujetos resilientes al maltrato físico y establecer un modelo de mayor fortaleza metodológica.
Acerca de la ontopsicología
Authors: Santibañez-H. Guy
Published: December 2013

Este enfoque surgido desde al teología tiene interés, porque ilustra como cambian los puntos de vista del pensamiento religioso sobre una misma actividad humana concreta. Esto sin tener que alterar un ápice los elementos esenciales de las soluciones dadas tradicionalmente a las cuestiones del alma, del espíritu y de sus relaciones con la divinidad.En los últimos años se han injertado una serie de vástagos teológicos en la Psicología, entre ellos encontramos la "Nueva Ontopsicología", un intento de la teología de ganar un espacio válido entre las "nuevas psicologías". Esta sola pretensión merece el examen de algunos de los puntos de vista, elementos relevantes de la Teología, como contribuciones a la psicología. Nada resulta más interesante para la Teología que el buscar nuevos ámbitos donde ejercer su influencia en el quehacer de las diferentes formas del actuar del hombre, las cuales aparecen como empíricas o inductivas.La psicología ha sido una de las últimas disciplinas científicas en alcanzar una "madurez" metodológica, hecho que permitió liberarla de los pensadores reflexivos y, abrirla plenamente al amplio espacio de la búsqueda de conocimientos. Este retardo histórico ejemplifica muy bien la observación de Bernal (1961), quien hizo notar que la mayor dificultad de la ciencia no está en obtener conocimientos, sino en vencer los prejuicios, los cuales dificultan su desarrollo.
A value-based approach to smoking prevention with immigrants from Latin America: philosophy and program description
Authors: Prilleltensky Isaac , Martell Eliseo , Valenzuela Eunice , Hernandez Pablo
Published: December 2013

El artículo describe un enfoque valórico a la prevención de tabaquismo. Este enfoque fue implementado en inmigrantes latino americanos a Canadá. Está basado en los valores de una comunidad participante de planificación, y de sensibilidad a al diversidad cultural, y a una filosofía comprensiva a la salud. El programa tenía sus objetivos específicos: (a) expandir el conocimiento de los efectos del tabaco (b) aumentar la comunicación familiar e input parental relacionado con fumar, (c) ayudar a los adolescentes a resistir las presiones a fumar, (d) incorporar a padres y niños de la comunidad activa (o del activismo comunitario) a prevenir el uso del tabaco, (e) a reducir las intenciones de fumar y, (f) a difundir el programa en otras comunidades etno-culturales. El artículo muestra como los principales valores informan las varias fases del programa. Se discute la implicación de este enfoque en la prevención de la conducta de fumar y para el planeamiento basado en valores.
De ofertas y demandas: una propuesta de intervención en psicología comunitaria
Authors: Rodríguez Alicia , Giménez Luis , Netto Clara , Bagnato María José , Marotta Cecilia
Published: December 2013

El artículo parte de la experiencia educativa que los autores desarrollan como docentes del curso Técnicas de Atención Comunitaria de la Facultad de Psicología-Universidad de la República, de Montevideo, Uruguay. Del análisis de la práctica y de la constatación de frecuentes confusiones conceptuales, surge la importancia de delimitar y dilucidar las nociones de necesidad, pedido, demanda y encargo, para la especificidad del trabajo comunitario. Ubicándose en el inicio de una intervención y reconociendo el carácter fundante de ese momento, enfatizan la interacción entre la construcción de la demanda y la oferta, proceso que se desencadena en presencia o no de un pedido explícito por parte de la comunidad. Explicitan algunas interrogantes sobre la implicación de la Psicología Comunitaria en el contexto social actual.
Acción Organizacional y Socioconstruccionismo
Authors: Ascorra Costa Paula
Published: December 2013

En el presente artículo se cuestiona la noción de “racionalidad prospectiva” que fundamenta la interpretación de organización más ampliamente difundida en nuestro país. Al mismo tiempo, se critica la implantación de dispositivos sociales, herramientas administrativas y acuerdos generados en culturas ajenas a la chilena e implementados en nuestra realidad sin mayor reflexión. Finalmente, se ofrece una nueva vía de acceso para la comprensión de lo organizacional; posicionando elconstruccionismo social no sólo como una teoría sino también como una herramienta metodológica capaz de generar nuevas interpretaciones de organización capaces de favorecer formas de vida local.
Auto-estima y Defensividad: ¿Los Ingredientes de la Interacción Saludable con la Pareja?
Authors: Sánchez Aragón Rozzana , Díaz Loving Rodolfo
Published: December 2013

De los factores psicológicos que juegan un papel central en la forma en la que los seres humanos se relacionan, los rasgos de personalidad como la auto-estima y la defensividad han sido abordados teórica y empíricamente, así como considerados básicos en el entendimiento de las relaciones personales. Al respecto, investigación reciente en el área de apego adulto reiteradamente confirma la manera en la que la auto-aceptación, la seguridad y una visión positiva de uno mismo y los demás favorecen el acercamiento a otros y relaciones interpersonales ricas, largas y satisfactorias (Meyers y Landsberger, 2002); mientras, la evitación como estilo de apego o como rasgo de personalidad, se vincula a la incomodidad, rechazo y en ocasiones ansiedadante la presencia cercana de otros, lo que va en detrimento de la satisfacción y conductas positivas durante la interacción con la pareja. El presente estudio tuvo por propó-sito explorar las conexiones entre las variables de auto-estima y defensividad para después usarlas -en conjunción con índices de satisfacción, estilo de apego y razones para estar en la relación- en la predicción de conductas positivas y negativas durante la interacción de pareja. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se estudió a una muestra de 431 sujetos adultos mexicanos con pareja. Los resultados indican el acoplamiento entre la auto-estima y la defensividad, así como la importancia de la seguridad emocional, la satisfacción con aspectos emocionales de la relación, el apego seguro y estar en la relación por amor en la emisión de conductas como reconocer las cualidades del otro, ayudar, acariciar y reír con la pareja.
Valores Morales y Familia en Estudiantes de Enseñanza Media de la Provincia de Concepción
Authors: Mathiesen M.E. , Mora O. , Chambläs I. , Navarro G. , Castro M.
Published: December 2013

Se presenta un aspecto de la moralidad juvenil, medido por la aceptación de conductas morales cuestionables (Escala de Harding y Phillips, 1986), y sus relaciones con variables familiares, en una muestra aleatoria de 296 estudiantes de enseñanza media, de la provincia de Concepción, Chile.El funcionamiento psicométrico de la escala de Harding y Phillips fue adecuado.En general, la permisividad moral fue baja, con una más alta permisividad sexual yuna más baja legal y personal.Hubo correlación entre las variables funcionamiento familiar y los niveles de permisividad. A mayor familismo e interacción familiar, menor permisividad moral y a mayorinsatisfacción con el funcionamiento familiar, mayor permisividad moral.