bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid wavelet-support vector machine approach for modelling rainfall–runoff process
Authors: Komasi Mehdi , Sharghi Soroush
Published: January 2016

Because of the importance of water resources management, the need for accurate modeling of the rainfall–runoff process has rapidly grown in the past decades. Recently, the support vector machine (SVM) approach has been used by hydrologists for rainfall–runoff modeling and the other fields of hydrology. Similar to the other artificial intelligence models, such as artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, the SVM model is based on the autoregressive properties. In this paper, the wavelet analysis was linked to the SVM model concept for modeling the rainfall–runoff process of Aghchai and Eel River watersheds. In this way, the main time series of two variables, rainfall and runoff, were decomposed to multiple frequent time series by wavelet theory; then, these time series were imposed as input data on the SVM model in order to predict the runoff discharge one day ahead. The obtained results show that the wavelet SVM model can predict both short- and long-term runoff discharges by considering the seasonality effects. Also, the proposed hybrid model is relatively more appropriate than classical autoregressive ones such as ANN and SVM because it uses the multi-scale time series of rainfall and runoff data in the modeling process.
In defense of Hegel’s madness
Authors: Zizek Slavoj
Published: January 2016

The article is a confrontation with Robert Brandom?s reading of Hegel?s
Phenomenology of Spirit, his attempt to systematically ?renormalize? Hegel,
i.e., to reduce his extravagant formulations to the criteria of common sense.
The article analyses a number of Brandom?s ?domestications? of Hegel?s
speculative concepts: self-relating, determinate negation, mediation,
In-itself, action, knowledge, Spirit, reconciliation, history. On the basis
of the examples from Marx, Freud, structuralism, L?vi-Strauss, Althusser,
Lacan, Adorno, the text defends Hegel?s ?madness?, the irreducible
speculative, non-interpretable core of his philosophy. Hegel?s statements
have to shock us, and this excess cannot be explained away through
interpretation since the truth they deliver hinges on that.
Variants in VDR and NRAMP1 genes as susceptibility factors for tuberculosis in the population of Serbia
Authors: Skodric-Trifunovic Vesna , Buha Ivana , Jovanovic Dragana , Vucinic Violeta , Stjepanovic Mihailo , Spasovski Vesna , Andjelkovic Marina , Vreca Misa , Skakic Anita , Gasic Vladimir , Pavlovic Sonja
Published: January 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) is granulomatous diseases caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB). TB is a highly infectious disease that primarily affects
the lungs. One-third of human population is infected with MTB, therefore it
is of utmost significance to determine the factors that influence the
individual susceptibility to the disease. Host genetic factors have been
recognized as essential for susceptibility to TB, since only 5% to 10% of
infected individuals develop the disease. A number of candidate genes has
been intensively studied, the most of which were connected with the function
of macrophages, thus participating in immune response. Here we examined the
gene variants of VDR (FokI) and NRAMP1 (INT4, D543N, 3?UTR) genes in aim to
make the correlation between these genetic factors and risk of TB in Serbian
patients. This study included 110 TB patients and 67 healthy controls.
Pulmonary TB was diagnosed by clinical symptoms, radiological evidence of TB
and bacteriological criteria (Culture- positive/ smear- positive). Genotyping
was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Our findings revealed significant
prevalence of ff genotype and variant allele f of the FokI VDR gene variant
in patients compared to control group. Based on the our results the carriers
of ff genotype are five times more at risk to tuberculosis than carriers of
FF and Ff genotype in our population. The results of analyzed SNPs in NRAMP1
gene showed no statistically significant difference in distribution of the
gene variants between patient and control groups. Therefore, we could
conclude that the genotype ff of the VDR gene is factor that strongly
contribute to susceptibility to TB in Serbian population.
New data on sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) genetic diversity in the middle and Lower Danube sections, based on mitochondrial DNA analyses
Authors: Cvijanovic Gorcin , Adnadjevic Tanja , Lenhardt Mirjana , Maric Sasa
Published: January 2016

Poor regulated fishery, pollution, fragmentation and loss of habitat are most
important factors influencing decline of sterlet population worldwide. In
Middle and Lower Danube region, this species still have significant economic
importance since wilde populations are commercially exploited, while Upper
Danube populations are dependent on stocking efforts in order to maintain
their presence in open waters. Aim of present study is to analyze genetic
diversity of sterlet populations from the Middle and Lower Danube and Lower
Tisza rivers, as a prerequisite for their effective conservation and
management. Analysis of a highly variable D-loop fragment of mitochondrial
DNA detected five new haplotypes, while the eight previously identified
haplotypes had extended their previous range. Genetic variability could be
attributed almost entirely to individuals, with observed lack of population
structure. Negative values of neutrality test indicate recent expansion on
some sampling locations. Adittionaly, gene flow analysis between Lower and
Middle Danube region showed intensive exchange of speciemens. At the same
time analysis showed some influence of Tisza dam on gene flow between samples
from Tisza and Middle Danube section.Our study indicated the need for a
careful planning of sterlet stocking programmes and inclusion of demographic
data or catch time-series.
Variability of seedlings of Douglas-fir provenances introduced from Canada
Authors: Lavadinovic Vera , Lavadinovic Vukan , Djordjevic Ilija
Published: January 2016

Introduction of Canadian provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii
Mir / Franco) in Serbia started with the first phase of testing their genetic
potential by studying the effects of geographic characteristics of the
locations from which the provenances originated (latitude, longitude and
altitude) on the variability of the measured seedling properties. In the
laboratory of the Institute for Forestry in Belgrade, germinability of
Douglas-fir seeds was tested on the germination table ("Copenhagen table" or
"Jakobson table") by the standards of ISTA. The analysis of variance and the
regression and correlation analysis were applied in the study of the effects
of geographic parameters of Canadian provenance locations on the variability
of seedlings. The results show that there is a statistically significant
effect of the provenance latitude on the length of seedlings. The effect of
altitude is slightly smaller, while the longitude of the provenance location
has the smallest effect on the studied property. The study of the variability
of Douglas-fir provenances in their juvenile development, as seedlings, is
essential for reliable planning and implementation of further tests within
pilot projects on allochthonous sites in Serbia.
Genetic structure of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) based on retrotransposon-based markers
Authors: Habibollahi Hadi , Noormohammadi Zahra , Sheidai Masoud , Farahani Farah
Published: January 2016

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the most important fiber and oil crop
plants cultivated since ancient time. The flax seeds contain high amount of
omega- 3-fatty acids and biologically active lignans. In spite of economic
importance of cultivated flax, no information is available on its genetic
variability and population structure in Iran. Therefore, we used six
inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and 15 combined
IRAP markers to reveal within and among population genetic diversity in this
crop plant. We used 30 randomly selected plants in three geographical
populations for present investigation. AMOVA test produced significant
genetic difference (PhiPT = 0.40, P = 0.010) among the studied populations
and also revealed that, 40% of total genetic variability was due to within
population diversity while, 60% was due to among population genetic
differentiation. Gst (0.78, P = 0.001), Hedrick, standardised fixation index
(G'st = 0.83, P = 0.001), revealed that the studied populations are
genetically differentiated. STRUCTURE plot based on admixture model revealed
that the studied populations differed extensively in their genetic content,
but some degree of shared alleles occurred between them. Some adaptive IRAP
loci were identified by LFMM analysis. These loci were private alleles
restricted to geographical populations. Data obtained may be used in breeding
and hybridization program of flax in the country.
Estimation of variation and correlation analysis for yield components in black currant cultivars
Authors: Rakonjac Vera , Djordjevic Boban , Fotiric-Aksic Milica , Vulic Todor , Djurovic Dejan
Published: January 2016

Creating genotypes that will be characterized by high yields, good quality
and other favorable agronomic characters is a major objective of most currant
breeding programs worldwide. For easier and faster achievement of these goals
and identification of superior genotypes suitable for use as parents in
future hybridization programs, study of genetic parameters seems to be
obligatory. In this regard, the aims of our study were to estimate components
of variability and heritability, and do correlation analysis for yield
components in order to determine efficient strategies for improving yield in
black currant breeding programs. Significant differences between cultivars
were established for all studied traits. A high proportion of genotypic
variance was found with bush width, no. of shoots per bush, bunch weight and
berry weight indicating that genetic improvement for these traits through
breeding was achievable. Opposite, seasonal variance was high for bush
height, no. of bunch per bush and yield. The high heritability coefficients
(0.80-0.94) detected for all traits studied reflect the close agreement
between their phenotypic and genotypic values. Also, most pairs of traits
were similarly correlated at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. So, yield
was significantly and positively correlated with bush height, no of bunch per
bush and bunch weight. These results imply a rapid response of black currants
to selection.
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bosnian artisanal dry fermented sausage (sudzuk) during fermentation
Authors: Colo Josip , Mihajlovic Sanja , Tolinacki Maja , Alkic Mersiha , Popovic Dusanka , Kojic Milan , Terzic-Vidojevic Amarela
Published: January 2016

Bosnian sudzuk is a dry fermented sausage produced in a rural household near
the town of Visoko in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. This kind of sausage
was manufactured only from beef and spices in a traditional way without the
addition of a starter cultures. To identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a
total number of 160 Lstrains were isolated from five samples of Bosnian
sudzuk collected over 28 days of fermentation. Preliminary identification by
phenotypic tests and 16S rDNA sequencing were performed for all 160 of the
Lisolates. Identification of Lstrains from traditionally produced
Bosnian sausage at the species level revealed the presence of six genera:
Lactococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Leuconostoc sp., Lactobacillus sp.,
Pediococcus sp. and Weissella sp.. Among the 15 distinct species identified,
the species Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus
lactis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans were present throughout
the entire process of fermentation. Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus
plantarum and Lactococcus lactis prevailed, with 21.8%, 19.3% and 13.1%,
respectively, of total Lstrains during the entire fermentation process.
Significant negative correlations (r = 0.892 and r = 0.829, respectively)
between the presence of Weissella sp. and Lactobacillus sp., and between the
presence of Weissella sp. and Lactococcus sp. were recorded. Lactobacillus
plantarum, Enterococcus durans and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were the best
producers of aromogenic compounds while 32.3% of Lactobacillus plantarum and
28.6% of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were produced exopolysaccharides.
Genetic differentiation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees with diferent crown types from the mountain Golija
Authors: Galovic Vladislava , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Safhauzer Robert , Cortan Dijana , Orlovic Sasa
Published: January 2016

The knowledge of genetic diversity degree of given species is of great
importance for the successful process of breeding and genetic conservation.
The aim of conducted research was to determine the genetic differentiation of
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) genotypes with very specific narrow
pyramidal and normal crown type, which grows at different altitude of the
mountain Golija. For assessment of genetic similarities or differences
between studied genotypes co-dominant microsatellite system had been used.
This system has proven to be reliable and efficient in the genetic
characterization of plant species. In total 22 primer sets have been tested,
while 16 (73%) of them resulted in the successful yield of the amplified
product. The analysis show that studied individuals had in total 130 alleles,
in average 8.125 polymorphic alleles per each locus. The lowest polymorphism
was detected in the locus EATC1D10, EATC1F03B and EATC2G09, while the highest
level of polymorphism was detected in EATC2G08. Based on microsatellite date
and similarity matrix, cluster analysis dendrogram indicates existence of the
vertical differentiation of studied genotypes, which is consistent with
results of previous Norway spruce studies.
The impact of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50Hz, 0.25 mT) on fitness components and wing traits of Drosophila subobscura
Authors: Patenkovic Aleksandra , Savic Tatjana , Kenig Bojan , Kurbalija-Novicic Zorana , Andjelkovic Marko
Published: January 2016

Over the past century, man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF) have changed the
natural environment, representing one of the most common and rapidly
increasing environmental factors as technology advances. Numerous studies of
biological effects of exposure to EMF have been performed on Drosophila
during the last 30 years, showing contrasting results. In an attempt to
determine whether EMF exposures might affect the development of Drosophila,
the present study examines phenotypic variations through direction and range
of changes in several fitness components and wing length and width, of
Drosophila subobscura isofemale lines, affected by 50 Hz EMF. Embryonal and
early post-embryonal stages were exposed to homogeneous sinusoidal 0.25 mT
EMF of 50 Hz. The EMF exposure caused a significantly prolonged developmental
time and significantly increased the wing size with the opposite direction of
directional asymmetry compared to the control group. These results shows that
even such a weak EMF has the potential to modulate, through developmental
pathways, some of the fitness-related traits, wing size, and wing asymmetry
in D. subobscura even after one generation of exposure, showing that
extremely low frequency (ELF) EMFs have relevant consequences on development,
adult morphology, and fitness.
Application of wheat SSR markers for detection of genetic diversity in triticale (x Triticosecale witt. )
Authors: Balázová Zelmíra , Trebichalský Andrej , Gálová Zdenka , Hornyák-Gregáňová Radomíra
Published: January 2016

Present study aims to testify usefulness of particular wheat SSR markers for
the detection of genetic diversity degree in the set of 59 triticale
cultivars and new lines coming from different European countries and USA. For
this purpose, a set of fifteen SSR markers were used. One SSR marker
(Xwmc429) gave a uniform spectrum. The set of fourteen polymorphic markers
provided 94 alleles with an average frequency of 6.71 alleles per locus. The
number of alleles ranged between 2 (Xbarc 195) and 10 (Xbarc 137). Resulting
from the number and frequency of alleles, diversity index (DI), polymorphic
information content (PIC) and probabilities of identity (PI) were calculated.
An average value of PIC for 14 markers was 0.640, the highest value was
calculated for wheat SSR marker Xgwm 46 (0.809). Based on UPGMA algorithm, a
dendrogram was constructed. It was able to separate 57 of 59 cultivars (96,6
%) from each other. American new-line NE-422T significantly separated from
all cultivars and new lines. Only two french cultivars Bienvenu and Wilfried
had not been separated from each other. A tested set of SSR markers allowed
to better understand genetic relationships among European cultivars and
American new lines. In general, a dendrogram along with results of calculated
genetic indicators such as PIC, PI and DI point out at SSRs markers as high
informative and usefull tool in genetic diversity research between
close-related species.
Investigation of wild species potential to increase genetic diversity useful for apple breeding
Authors: Dan Catalina , Sestras Adriana , Bozdog Calin , Sestras Radu
Published: January 2016

The potential of testing new apple cultivars and the possibility to induce
valuable traits is directly dependent on the availability of sufficient
genetic diversity, while apple breeding has narrowed the genetic ground of
commercial cultivars. Wild species were studied in regard to their influence
upon progenies and their capacity to enlarge apple genetic diversity. The
interspecific seedlings were framed in five biparental mating (paired
crosses), in which Malus species were crossed with different cultivars,
obtaining half-sib families. The number of F1 progenies per combination
varied from 31 (Cluj 218/2 ? M. floribunda) up to 142 (Reinette Baumann ? M.
floribunda), with a total of 1650 hybrids F1. The influences upon vigour and
juvenile period and possible correlation among fruit size and taste were
analyzed. Juvenile period varied from 6.00 (M. zumi ? Jonathan) to 9.31 years
(Cluj 218/2 ? M. floribunda). Data based on correlation coefficient
illustrated that the fructification year was not influenced by the vigour of
trees. The highest value of correlation for fruit?s size and taste was
obtained among M. coronaria hybrids. This result might suggest that once the
fruit are larger, there is a high chance the taste is also more appreciative
and fruit quality for mouth feels increase. Depending on the parental
formula, additive effects may be inferior compared to genetic effects of
dominance and epistasis. Although M. zumi and M. floribunda achieved the same
genetic gain (0.31), M. zumi had a higher expected selection response for
fruit size. The difficulty of obtaining seedlings with tasty and large fruit
when wild Malus species are used as genitors is resulting from the values of
expected selection response data, but in the same time results confirm that
wild Malus species are suitable resources for genetic variability, both for
dessert and ornamental apple cultivars.
The effect of sintering temperature on the structure and properties of corundum/mullite ceramics
Authors: Yu-Ming T. , Peng-Fei Z. , Xiang-Chen K. , Ai-Ping L. , Kai-Yue W. , Yue-Sheng C. , Zhan-Gang L. , De-Fu L.V.
Published: January 2016

In this work, samples are prepared by adding secondary raw bauxite and some
suitable amount pure silica. After dry pressing molding, using solid phase
sintering method sinter them at 1380?C,1410?C,1440?C,1410?C,1500?C,1530?C,
respectively. A performance of the material is characterized by using SEM and
XRD, such as microscopic morphology, phase composition and the compressive
strength, etc. Combining results of experiments, explore the mechanism of
sintering temperature on the properties of ceramic materials.
Effects of estrogen and luteinizing-releasing hormone on chromatin in CA3 region of male rat hippocampus
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Drekic Dmitar , Zoric Zoran , Jovic Slavoljub , Nikolic Milica , Cupic-Miladinovic Dejana
Published: January 2016

The structure of heterochromatin protects genome from undesirable
recombinations, while estrogen and luteinizing-releasing hormone (LHRH) cause
changes in structure of chromatin. The objective of this study was to prove
the connection of neonatally applied estrogen and LHRH, with shown effects on
chromatin in hippocampus of adult male rats. Stereological results have shown
that total surface of neuron area in estrogen treated animals significantly
reduced in regard to the control group as well as groups treated with LHRH.
The number of heterochromatin granules in either estrogen or LHRH treated
groups significantly increased, while in the last fourth group treated with
both estrogen and LHRH the difference is even more expressed, both in regard
to the control group and other groups.
The effect of combined use of prostaglandin and oxytocin in sows, on the duration of partus, number of pigs and period between two expulsions of piglets
Authors: Cupic Vitomir , Jovic Slavoljub , Ristic Gordana , Vakanjac Slobodanka , Dimitrijevic Blagoje , Cupic-Miladinovic Dejana
Published: January 2016

The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of combined
application of prostaglandin and oxytocin on the duration of farrowing in
sows, number of newborn piglets and interval between two expulsions of
piglets. The experiment was carried out on 133 pregnant sows of Danish
Landrace-Yorkshire Large white breed, which were divided into three groups
depending on the day of the induction of partus (112th, 113th and 114th day
of pregnancy). Within each group, the sows were divided into three subgroups,
and they were given synthetic prostaglandin PGF2-alfa (dinoprost-DINOLYTIC)
analogue in dosage of 10 mg (eq. 2ml of preparation)/animal (I subgroup)
single or combined with one (after having fifth piglet) (II subgroup), or two
(after having fifth and tenth piglet) (III subgroup) application of oxytocin
(OXYTOKEL) in dosage of 20 i.j. + 15 i.j. (eq. 2 ml + 1,5 ml
preparation/animal), (two applications). Obtained results show that in the
sows treated only with prostaglandin, the longest farrowing (6,41?2,20 h) was
in those which obtained the drug on the 112th day of pregnancy, and the
shortest (4,56?1,30 h) in the ones treated on the 114th day of pregnancy. In
the the sows in which (beside prostaglandin) oxytocin was administered once,
the longest farrowing (6,38?1,30) was in those treated on the 113th day of
pregnancy, and the shortest (6,38?1,30) in those treated on the 114th day of
pregnancy. In the sows treated (beside prostaglandin) with oxytocin twice,
the longest farrowing (7,17?2,30) was in the group treated on the 112th day
of pregnancy, and the shortest (5,10?1,20) in the ones treated on the 113th
day of pregnancy. Generally speaking, the longest duration of farrowing
(7,17?2,30) was in the animals which (beside prostaglandin) obtained oxytocin
twice, and the shortest duration (4,56?1,30) was in the ones which (beside
prostaglandin) were treated only with prostaglandin. The greatest number of
newborn piglets (358) was in sows which obtained prostaglandin on the 114th
day of pregnancy combined with one application of oxytocin, and the smallest
number (250) in sows which obtained perostaglandin on the 112th day of
pregnancy combined with two application of oxytocin. The longest interval
(0,22 ? 0,06) between two expulsions of piglets was in sows in which partus
was induced on the 112th day of pregnancy in combination with two
applications of oxytocin, and the shortest interval (0,11?0,03) in which
partus was induced on the 114th day of pregnancy, witout oxytocin
application.
Resistance to antibiotics in Lacid acid bacteria - strain Lactococcus
Authors: Filipic Brankica , Golic Natasa , Jovcic Branko , Cupic-Miladinovic Dejana , Sokovic Svetlana , Popovic Dusanka , Kojic Milan
Published: January 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in the food industry, especially
in the production of fermented dairy products and meat. The most studied
species among Lis Lactococcus lactis. L. lactis strains are of great
importance in the production of fermented dairy products such as yogurt,
butter, fresh cheese and some kind of semi-hard cheese. Although L. lactis
acquired the ?Generally Regarded As Safe? (GRAS) status, many investigations
indicated that lactococci may act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance
genes, which could be transferred to other bacterial species in human
gastrointestinal tract includ?ing pathogens. The genome analysis of L. lactis
indicated the presence of at least 40 putative drug transporter genes, and
only four multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters are functionally
characterized: LmrA, LmrP, LmrCD i CmbT. LmrA is the first described MDR
transporter in prokaryotes. LmrCD is responsible for resistance to cholate,
which is an integral part of human bile and LmrCD is important for intestinal
survival of lactococci that are used as probiotics. Secondary multidrug
transporter LmrP confers resistance to lincosamides, macrolides,
streptogramins and tetracyclines. CmbT protein has an effect on the host cell
resistance to lincomycin, sulfadiazine, streptomycin, rifampicin, puromycin
and sulfametox?azole. Since the food chain is an important way of
transmitting resistance genes in human and animal population, it is of great
importance to study the mechanisms of resistance in lactococci and other LAB,
intended for the food industry.
Cancer statistics in China, 2015
Authors: Chen Wanqing , Zheng Rongshou , Baade Peter D. , Zhang Siwei , Zeng Hongmei , Bray Freddie , Jemal Ahmedin , Yu Xue Qin , He Jie
Published: January 2016

With increasing incidence and mortality, cancer is the leading cause of death in China and is a major public health problem. Because of China's massive population (1.37 billion), previous national incidence and mortality estimates have been limited to small samples of the population using data from the 1990s or based on a specific year. With high‐quality data from an additional number of population‐based registries now available through the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the authors analyzed data from 72 local, population‐based cancer registries (2009‐2011), representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate the number of new cases and cancer deaths for 2015. Data from 22 registries were used for trend analyses (2000‐2011). The results indicated that an estimated 4292,000 new cancer cases and 2814,000 cancer deaths would occur in China in 2015, with lung cancer being the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of cancer death. Residents of rural areas had significantly higher age‐standardized (Segi population) incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined than urban residents (213.6 per 100,000 vs 191.5 per 100,000 for incidence; 149.0 per 100,000 vs 109.5 per 100,000 for mortality, respectively). For all cancers combined, the incidence rates were stable during 2000 through 2011 for males (+0.2% per year; P = .1), whereas they increased significantly (+2.2% per year; P < .05) among females. In contrast, the mortality rates since 2006 have decreased significantly for both males (−1.4% per year; P < .05) and females (−1.1% per year; P < .05). Many of the estimated cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:115–132. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Haemato-biochemical and antioxidant profiling of indigenous cattle of Kashmir
Authors: Pampori ZA , Ashraf S , Iqbal S , Nabi I , Ahmad R
Published: January 2016

Kashmir falls in the great north-western complex of the Himalayan ranges, at 34o North and 76o East with an average altitude of 1850 metres amsl. Indigenous cattle constitute 51% of total cattle population of the State. The evaluation of some important blood parameters in indigenous cattle for assessment of animal health status as well as course of variation in blood parameters in these animals was undertaken during summer to autumn, 2014. Twenty two indigenous cattle from different pockets of Kashmir valley were studied for haematobiochemical and anti-oxidative parameters. The values recorded for Hb, PCV and MCV (10.97 ±0.22 g dl-1, 36.45±0.55 %, and 67.71±1.76 fl) respectively were on the higher side when compared to crossbreds or exotic cattle. TBARS and FRAP, measures of oxidant-antioxidant balance were 5.90 ±0.39 n ML-1 and 548.16±23.78 ? ML-1 respectively, the values were on higher side when compared to exotic breeds. Similarly total protein, albumin and globulin levels reported were - 8.27±0.22 g dl-1, 3.31±0.07 g dl-1 and 4.95±0.20 gdl-1 respectively that stands higher when compared to the reference values for cattle.Plasma biochemical analytes urea, creatinine, triglycerides, AST and ALT recorded in present study were comparable to the reference values for cattle. All these parameters provide complementary information about the homeostasis of indigenous cattle and indicate its good health status, higher disease resistance and good metabolic defence as compared to exotic or crossbred cattle in its temperate climate.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 26-33 (2015)
How much can smallholders in Bangladesh benefit from summer tomato cultivation? an applied agro-economic analysis of on-farm data
Authors: Baksh ME , Rossi F , Krupnik TJ , Talukder ASMH , McDonald A
Published: January 2016

Cultivating summer (monsoon season) tomatoes in Bangladesh holds promise as a profitable enterprise with which farmers can augment existing cropping patterns, since only small amounts of land are required. Using on-farm production data collected from 18farmers in Jessore District,gross margin and other economic indicators were estimated. Results indicate that, with careful management implemented early in the crop season, small farmers can earn impressive profits if they harvest summer tomatoes at least twice (two fruiting stages). With an average gross margin equivalent to US$13,737 ha-1, for example, a smallholder that owns or leases only 0.028 ha (approximately 7 decimals) could earn more than US$ 350. In addition a very high rate of return over investment (5.66) was calculated for farmers harvesting four times during the seven month cultivation period. Nevertheless, additional research remains to fine-tune farmers management of the summer tomato crop in order increase profits further by lowering the costs associated with key inputs (e.g., more efficient hormone application), or by utilizing the inputs more effectivetly (e.g., timing the spraying of hormones to coincide fruitsetting with periods of high demand). Since summer grown tomatoes are also disease and pest risk prone, the development of effective integrated pest mangement strategies are also required in order to reduce the high level of chemical use observed.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 80-93 (2015)
Growth, yield, water use efficiency and competitive functions of intercropping system of maize (Zea mays L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as influenced by irrigation
Authors: Roy S , Barman M , Puste AM , Gunri SK , Jana K
Published: January 2016

Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Jaguli (Mohanpur), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during two consecutive summer seasons of 2010-11, and 2011-12. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having 4 levels of irrigation rainfed without mulch, rainfed with mulch, irrigation at IW (depth of irrigation water) / CPE (Cumulative pan evaporation) ratios of 0.5 and 0.75 in main-plot and 4 inter cropping systems, sole maize, sole mungbean, maize + mungbean (1:1 row ratio) and maize + mungbean (3:2 row ratio) considered as sub-plot treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that application of irrigation and intercropping systems markedly influenced the growth, yield and yield components (number of cobs/plant, number of grains/cob in case of maize and number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod in case of mungbean) where the maximum value of these components were recorded with the application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.75 in sole crop. Maize-mungbean in 3:2 row ratio yielded higher than that of 1:1 intercropping system which might be due to less light interception and more competition for water and nutrition between both the crops. CU of water increased with the increasing levels of irrigation and the maximum value (17.75 kg ha-1 mm- 1) of WUE (water use efficiency) was observed with irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 0.75 under intercropping system of maize : mungbean in 3:2 row ratio followed by IW: CPE ratio 0.50. Among the sole crop, maximum WUE was with IW/CPE ratio 0.75 might be due to more consumption of water corresponding to production potential of maize, while, it was more under rainfed with mulch in mungbean. The relative crowding coefficient (RCC) also revealed both the intercropping systems were advantageous and the land equivalent ratio (LER) increased with the level of irrigation.Thus, maize grown in association with mungbean (3:2 row ratio) were found to be more profitable (B:C ratio of 2.58) with higher monetary advantage as compared to sole crop of maize (B:C ratio of 1.98) with the application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.75 in new alluvial zone of West Bengal.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 94-107 (2015)
Production potential of newly released potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars under different nitrogen levels
Authors: Das SK , Banerjee H , Chakraborty A , Sarkar A
Published: January 2016

Field experiments were conducted during rabi seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 at C-unit research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the effects of different levels of nitrogen on the productivity of newly released potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars under lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications having ten treatment combinations viz. two levels of newly released cultivars (V1 - Kufri Himalini and V2 - Kufri Shailja) as factor A and five levels of nitrogen (N0 -0 kg ha-1, N75 -75 kg ha-1, N150 -150 kg ha-1 N225-225 kg ha-1 N300 -300 kg ha-1) as factor B. Experimental results revealed that highest tuber yield (25.77 t ha-1) was recorded with Kufri Himalini receiving 300 kg N ha-1 followed by 24.64 t ha-1 and 23.64 t ha-1 with 225 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1 respectively which is quite higher than the state average of 22.02 t ha-1 obtained from the state recommended dose of 200 kg N ha-1, 150 P2O5 ha-1 and150 K2O ha-1. Thus recently released variety Kufri Himalini, having moderate resistance against late blight, which is a serious problem in the state at present can be a better option for the farmers of the state to raise the potato production. Kufri Himalini produced significantly higher (14.1%) total tuber yield over Kufri Shailja and it was found to be more acceptable to the farmers in terms of production of marketable tuber (> 75 g grade). Grade wise tuber yield of potato was significantly influenced by N levels. Irrespective of cultivars application of 300 kg N ha-1 along with recommended dose of P and K recorded the highest total potato tuber yield (23.55 t ha-1) which was found statistically at par with the application of 225 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization improved the tuber yield of potato by 49.5 to 82.1% over control. Kufri Himalini was more responsive to fertilizer nitrogen than Kufri Shailja as it recorded higher agronomic efficiency (AEN), apparent recovery (REN) and physiological efficiency (PEN) at all nitrogen levels. There was a positive balance of nitrogen found in all treatments. Net gain of soil N was highest with Kufri Himalini receiving 150 kg N ha-1. Kufri Himalini gave highest net return with 300 kg N ha-1.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 121-130 (2015)
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Administrative Sciences in 2015
Authors:   Administrative Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Administrative Sciences would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
The Effect of the Phase Angle between the Forewing and Hindwing on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Dragonfly-Type Ornithopter
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Concordel Alice , Paik Jamie , Shimoyama Isao
Published: January 2016

Dragonflies achieve agile maneuverability by flapping four wings independently. Different phase angles between the flapping forewing and hindwing have been observed during various flight modes. The aerodynamic performance depends on phase angle control, as exemplified by an artificial flying ornithopter. Here, we present a dragonfly-like ornithopter whose phase angle was designed to vary according to the phase lag between the slider-cranks of the forewing and hindwing. Two microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) differential pressure sensors were attached to the center of both forewing and hindwing to evaluate the aerodynamic performance during flapping motions when the phase angle was changed. By varying the phase angle in both the tethered condition and free-flight, the performance of the forewing remained approximately constant, whereas that of the hindwing exhibited obvious variations; the maximum average value was two-fold higher than the minimum. The experimental results suggest that simple phase angle changes enable a flying ornithopter to control flight force balance without complex changes in the wing kinematics.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Antioxidants in 2015
Authors:   Antioxidants Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Antioxidants would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Axioms in 2015
Authors:   Axioms Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Axioms would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Behavioral Sciences in 2015
Authors:   Behavioral Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Behavioral Sciences would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Econometrics in 2015
Authors:   Econometrics Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Econometrics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Education Sciences in 2015
Authors:   Education Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Education Sciences would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Genetics of Congenital Heart Defects: The NKX2-5 Gene, a Key Player
Authors: Chung Ill-Min , Rajakumar Govindasamy
Published: January 2016

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the biggest fraction of morbid congenital anomalies worldwide. Owing to their complex inheritance patterns and multifactorial etiologies, these defects are difficult to identify before complete manifestation. Research over the past two decades has established firmly the role of genetics in the development of these congenital defects. While syndromic CHDs are more straightforward, non-syndromic CHDs are usually characterized by multiple mutations that affect intricate inter-connected developmental pathways. Knock-out and gene expression studies in mice and other genetic models have been performed to elucidate the roles of these implicated genes. Functional analysis has not been able to resolve the complete picture, as increasingly more downstream effects are continuously being assigned to CHD mutant factors. NKX2-5, a cardiac transcription factor, has received much attention for its role in cardiac dysmorphogenesis. Approximately 50 different mutations in this gene have been identified to date, and only a few have been functionally characterized. The mutant NKX2-5 factor can regulate a number of off-targets downstream to facilitate CHD development. This review summarizes the genetic etiology of congenital heart defects and emphasizes the need for NKX2-5 mutation screening.
Association between Psychological Flexibility and Health Beliefs in the Uptake of Influenza Vaccination among People with Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Kin , Mak Yim
Published: January 2016

It is common for elderly people and those with such chronic disorders as respiratory diseases to suffer severe complications from influenza, a viral infection. The voluntary uptake of vaccination is vital to the effectiveness of influenza prevention efforts. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the most commonly used framework in the field of vaccination behavior to explain the decision that people make to accept or refuse vaccination. In addition, psychological flexibility is considered helpful in causing people to be open to adopting new practices that are consistent with their values. This study examined the role of psychological flexibility and health beliefs in predicting the uptake of influenza vaccination among people in Hong Kong. Eligible participants were Hong Kong permanent residents aged 18 years or above with a history of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). A convenience sample of 255 patients was recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey in which HBM components and factors of psychological flexibility were assessed. The following variables were found to be significant predictors of vaccination: age, smoking status, comorbidity, previous hospitalization, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and psychological flexibility. Enhancing psychological flexibility might be a potential new direction for motivating people to accept influenza vaccination.
Smoke-Free Public Policies and Voluntary Policies in Personal Settings in Tbilisi, Georgia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Berg Carla , Smith Samantha , Bascombe Ta , Maglakelidze Nino , Starua Lela , Topuridze Marina
Published: January 2016

Georgia has limited tobacco control policies, particularly in the area of smoke-free public policies, which may influence the adoption of smoke-free home rules. We qualitatively examined knowledge about and reactions to public and personal smoke-free policies among Tbilisi residents. In Spring 2014, we conducted six focus groups among 47 total participants—two among male smokers, one among male nonsmokers, two among female smokers, and one among female nonsmokers. Our sample was 48.9% male and 70.2% past 30-day smokers. Most believed that SHS was dangerous, with particular concern regarding the impact of SHS on children and pregnant women. Many had misconceptions about how to protect others from SHS and the effectiveness of some approaches. Many indicated that they had some type of home rules, but few reported a complete ban on smoking in the home. Even when some restrictions were in place, they rarely were effective or enforced. Common concerns about the partial smoke-free public policy in Georgia included its economic impact, perceived discrimination among smokers, and the policy being against the Georgian culture. These concerns were heightened when participants were asked about the possible implementation of a complete smoke-free policy. Educational programs are needed to promote smoke-free policies in Georgia.
Association Between Smoking and Physician-Diagnosed Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Male Adults in Korea
Authors: Chang Sounghoon , Kim Hyeongsu , Kim Vitna , Lee Kunsei , Jeong Hyoseon , Lee Jung-Hyun , Shin Soon-Ae , Shin Eunyoung , Park Minsu , Ko Eunjung
Published: January 2016

To evaluate the association between smoking and physician-diagnosed stroke and myocardial infarction, this study used Community Health Survey data from 2009 on 92,082 males over the age of 30 years. Using multiple logistic regression, association index between smoking and physician-diagnosed stroke and myocardial infarction was calculated after adjusting the effects of age, hypertension, and diabetes. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the physician-diagnosed stroke and myocardial infarction in the smoking group were 1.12 (1.02–1.24) and 1.21 (1.06–1.38) compared to the non-smoking group. The values of the physician-diagnosed stroke and myocardial infarction were 0.84 (0.74–0.94) and 0.96 (0.82–1.12) in the current-smoking subgroup, 1.38 (1.24–1.53) and 1.45 (1.26–1.67) in the ex-smoking subgroup, 1.39 (1.18–1.63) and 1.85 (1.53–2.24) in the 10- to 19-year smokers groups, 1.39 (1.22–1.58) and 1.36 (1.15–1.60) in the 30- to 40-year smokers groups, and 0.53 (0.44–0.63) and 0.47 (0.36–0.63) in those who had smoked for over 50 years. These results showed smoking was a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction in Korean males. This objective evidence should guide policy-making and public health interventions in the fields of smoking prevention and prohibition.
Cissus sicyoides: Pharmacological Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory and Antidiarrheal Activities
Authors: Beserra Fernando , De Cássia Santos Raquel , Périco Larissa , Rodrigues Vinicius , De Almeida Kiguti Luiz , Saldanha Luiz , Pupo André , Da Rocha Lúcia , Dokkedal Anne , Vilegas Wagner , Hiruma-Lima Clélia
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal actions of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (HECS). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by oral administration of HECS against acute model of edema induced by xylene, and the mechanisms of action were analysed by involvement of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The antidiarrheal effect of HECS was observed and we analyzed the motility and accumulation of intestinal fluid. We also analyzed the antidiarrheal mechanisms of action of HECS by evaluating the role of the opioid receptor, α2 adrenergic receptor, muscarinic receptor, nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2. The oral administration of HECS inhibited the edema induced by xylene and AA and was also able to significantly decrease the levels of PGE2. The extract also exhibited significant anti-diarrheal activity by reducing motility and intestinal fluid accumulation. This extract significantly reduced intestinal transit stimulated by muscarinic agonist and intestinal secretion induced by PGE2. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism of action involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of HECS is related to PGE2. The antidiarrheal effect of this extract may be mediated by inhibition of contraction by acting on the intestinal smooth muscle and/or intestinal transit.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Journal of Developmental Biology in 2015
Authors:   Journal of Developmental Biology Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Journal of Developmental Biology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Land in 2015
Authors:   Land Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Land would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Molbank in 2015
Authors:   Molbank Editorial Office
Published: January 2016

The editors of Molbank would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]