bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile, ocular morbidity and visual loss in psoriasis: Experience in a multispeciality hospital
Authors: Annamalai Radha , Raghu Krishnima , Anandan S , Murugan S , Muthayya M
Published: March 2021

To analyse various ocular abnormalities and visual morbidity in patients with psoriasis and to detect ocular complications following psoriasis treatment.

A prospective observational study was conducted among 120 psoriasis patients. All patients underwent slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, Schirmer’s test, Tear breakup time and Rose Bengal staining and ancillary investigations when required.

Among 120 patients, the prevalence of ocular manifestation was 57%, of whom 22% were symptomatic. Ocular features were most common in scalp psoriasis and pustular psoriasis. Disease duration was not found to have any impact on the severity of ocular manifestation. The most common ophthalmic feature was ocular surface disorder (46%), followed by cataract (30%), meibomitis (17%) and blepharitis in 16%. Correlation between tests was calculated using kappa coefficient and statistical significance was found in the pattern of conjunctival staining with a p value of 0.02. Out of 9 patients with psoriatic arthritis, 3% showed signs of chronic uveitis. Steroid induced glaucoma was seen in 27% and ocular hypertension in 21%. Corticosteroid used in systemic management frequently caused visual morbidity.

Ocular signs and symptoms in psoriasis may be subtle and overlooked, hence complete ophthalmic examination is recommended for early detection of ocular abnormalities. Early treatment for dry eye is important to prevent irreversible ocular surface changes. Regular monitoring prevents steroid induced cataract and steroid induced glaucoma. As multisystem involvement is seen in psoriasis, a multidisciplinary approach reduces ocular morbidity.
A study conducted in western Maharashtra to evaluate the risk factors for diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Desai Chaitali , Radhakrishnan O K , Cardoza Namratha Judith , Mohankumar Kavitha , Mohan Madhuvanthi
Published: March 2021

To study various risk factors (HbA1c levels, dyslipidemia, stroke, smoking, cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and use of pioglitazones) associated with Diabetic Macular Edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus of age group 30-70 years and both sexes participated in this study. Association between risk factors and diabetic macular edema was studied in analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra.

Median of HbA1c in patients with macular odema was 8.15(7.8-8.925) which was significantly higher than patients without macular odema 6.4(6-6.825). Mean LDL(mg/dL) in patients without macular odema was 99.1 ± 32.96 and patients with macular odema was 113.29 ± 32.35. Significant association was seen in the distribution of HbA1c(p<0.0001), LDL (p=0.046) and the use of pioglitazone (p = 0.00006) with macular odema. No significant association of stroke, smoking, cardiovascular disease and distribution of nephropathy with macular odema was found.(p value>.05)

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, multiple factors such as elevated HbA1c levels, LDL and use of pioglitazones were significant risk factors associated with Diabetic Macular Edema(DME). Also as many of the risk factors are modifiable, ophthalmologists and physicians should ensure that patients with DME receive appropriate assessment and treatment for these comorbidities.
Comparison of RNFL thickness in glaucoma patients and non-glaucomatous patients
Authors: Rathi Manisha , Rathi Mukesh , Sachdeva Sumit , Soni Dixit , Phogat Jitender
Published: March 2021

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, especially in developing countries. In countries like India, late presentation and lack of awareness contribute to blindness caused by glaucoma. The only way to reduce the burden of blindness due to glaucoma is early diagnosis. The Fourier Domain OCT (FD-OCT) has evolved into one of the best techniques for early diagnosis and monitoring the progress of glaucoma. The measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is of paramount importance in glaucoma. We, at a tertiary eye institute, undertook the present study on a FD-OCT to compare the retinal nerve fiber layer in 50 eyes each of glaucoma patients (Group A) and non-glaucomatous volunteers (Group B). An informed consent was taken from all candidates. In Group a mean ± SD of average, superior, inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (µm) were 94.26 ± 13.436, 96.08 ± 15.485, 92.45 ± 13.179 respectively and in Group B mean ± SD of average, superior, inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (µm) were 114.9 ± 8.022, 116.7 ± 8.058, and 113.1 ± 10.692 respectively. Using independent t-test the difference between both the groups was found to be highly significant in all the sectors. This demonstrates the need for a baseline RNFL in all glaucomatous and glaucoma suspect eyes. Using independent t-test the difference between both the groups was found to be highly significant for all the GCC parameters. The focal loss of volume (FLV)% was 3.692 ± 3.533 in the glaucomatous eyes and 0.856 ± 1.211 in the non-glaucomatous eyes, p<0.0001. The global loss of volume (GLV) % or diffuse loss of volume was 13.849 ± 8.485 for the glaucoma group and 2.031 ± 1.681for the healthy eyes (p<0.0001). This clearly demonstrates that the GCC plays a vital role in the diagnosis and follow-up of all cases of glaucoma and cases suspected of having glaucoma.
IOL decentration post Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy
Authors: Kaur Ruminder
Published: March 2021

One of the most common cause of decrease of vision in a pseudophakic patient is the formation of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) which is affected by several factors like the design of the implanted intraocular lens (IOL) and material of the IOL. PCO incidence has been reported to be 20.7% at 2 years & 28.5% at 5 years. Decrease of vision because of PCO necessitates a posterior capsulotomy with neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser to create a small opening in the developed opacification. It is a commonly performed relatively safe procedure associated with rare complications like increased intraocular pressure, iritis, IOL Pitting, macular edema, retinal haemorrhage, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. Herein documenting a case of IOL decentration occurring as an acute complication post Yag Cap leading to decrease of the visual acuity of the patient which has been rarely documented in any of the many articles on Yag complications.
Gender and Renewable Energy: Wind, Solar, Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy
Authors: Marcos Morezuelas Paloma
Published: March 2021

This document focuses on how to incorporate a gender perspective in operations that support the construction, operation and maintenance of medium- and large-scale renewable wind, solar, geothermal and hydroelectric energy installations connected to the grid for purposes of power generation. Additionally, there is also a section on rural energy that is applicable to small installations and mini-grids, or to exceptional cases where medium- and large-scale facilities provide electricity to a community. The document (i) identifies the possible gender equality challenges and opportunities as part of the project assessment, (ii) highlights the risks and potentially negative impacts of the project on gender equality, (iii) offers recommendations for addressing, preventing and mitigating challenges and for maximizing opportunities; and (iv) presents examples of programs that have taken into account gender differences or risks. In addition, the document includes (v) key questions for analyzing gender issues in renewable energy projects, and (vi) examples of indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of operations in the renewable energy sector.
Intervención conductual para mejorar el cumplimiento de la cuota de empleo de personas con discapacidad en Perú
Authors: Bosch Mariano , Duryea Suzanne , González Stephanie , Silva Porto María Teresa
Published: March 2021

Existe evidencia empírica que los recordatorios, mensajes disuasorios y las normas sociales y morales afectan el comportamiento de los individuos respecto al cumplimiento de sus obligaciones tributarias. Este estudio analiza el cumplimiento de la cuota de empleo de personas con discapacidad en Perú, a través de un experimento aleatorio en el cual la agencia de inspección laboral peruana (SUNAFIL) envió 1000 cartas a empresas formales de más de 50 trabajadores, indicándoles la obligatoriedad de cumplir con la cuota de empleo de trabajadores con discapacidad. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente a 500 empresas para enviarles la carta con mensaje punitivo y a otras 500 empresas para enviarles la carta con mensaje de compromiso social. Un año después del envío de las cartas no se observa un cambio de comportamiento con respecto al cumplimiento de la cuota de discapacidad, sin embargo, las cartas tuvieron un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en el porcentaje de empresas que contrataron al menos una hora de trabajadores con discapacidad (1,5 puntos porcentuales). El mayor impacto se encontró entre las empresas que recibieron la carta con mensaje punitivo (1,8 puntos porcentuales), siendo el impacto estadísticamente significativo. En el caso de las cartas con mensaje de compromiso el impacto no fue estadísticamente significativo (1,1 puntos porcentuales). Esta evidencia sugiere que existe aún un margen de mejora del cumplimiento de las regulaciones laborales, ya sea a través de una fiscalización más proactiva y/o herramientas conductuales complementarias como los recordatorios.
Surgery at early versus late for intermittent exotropia: a Meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors:   Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China, Dong Yi , Liu Yu-Yan ,   Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To compare the outcomes between early surgery and late surgery for intermittent exotropia (IXT) with a Meta-analysis.
METHODS: Scientific databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched prior to December 16, 2019. From this broad database search, we performed some Meta-analysis including eleven independent studies, to further evaluate the outcome(s) when comparing early versus late surgery for IXT. The boundaries between early and late surgery and the surgery methods were not inconsistent, so subgroup analyses were conducted by different boundaries of age at surgery and different surgical approaches. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated according to the random-effects model for high heterogeneity between studies.
RESULTS: Eleven retrospective studies were included in this Meta-analysis. No significant difference between early and late surgery was observed for IXT patients (ORFirst follow-up= 0.88, 95%CI 0.53-1.44, P=0.61; ORFinal follow-up=1.48, 95%CI 0.94-2.31, P=0.09). However, sensitivity analysis performed by sequentially omitting individual studies showed that the final follow-up result was not stable. Subgroup analyses revealed that an earlier surgical procedure could lead to a better outcome in the 4-year boundary subgroup as well as the bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) subgroup for the final follow-up (OR4y=2.64, 95%CI 1.57-4.44, P=0.00; ORBLR=2.25, 95%CI 1.36-3.74, P=0.00).
CONCLUSION: Early surgery for IXT provides a better long term follow-up outcome when patients are younger than 4 years old or choose the BLR surgical method.
Implementación de la telemedicina como herramienta de formación en Colombia.
Authors: Ballesteros Quintero Lily Adela Johanna
Published: March 2021

Este artículo busca demostrar los beneficios de la implementación de la telemedicina, bajo el enfoque de la tele-educación y la tele-experticia a lo largo del territorio colombiano. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías (TICs) en el campo de la salud, permitirán no solamente impulsar los objetivos del Plan de Salud actual sino los objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible fijados a 2030. Para desarrollar estos argumentos se revisaran los conceptos claves, la situación actual del país en materia de salud, educación y TICs, se presentara el análisis por medio del modelo SMOCS. Por último se realizará una serie de recomendaciones y conclusiones para la ejecución de la telemedicina como herramienta de formación en Colombia.
Autenticación de usuarios en aplicaciones empresariales mediante Spring Security
Authors: Estrada Christian Mauricio Castillo , Cancino Villatoro Karina , Álvarez Oval Luis Antonio
Published: March 2021

En la actualidad, la seguridad representa un factor clave en el desarrollo de aplicaciones web de tipo empresarial, debido al hecho de administrar de manera eficiente un número alto de solicitudes efectuadas por varios usuarios de manera simultánea, en ese sentido, la autentificación y autorización juegan un rol importante debiendo ser consideradas en el diseño de la funcionalidad durante el desarrollo de la aplicación. En este artículo, proponemos la implementación de una estrategia de seguridad basada en el framework Spring Security, abordando los temas de autentificación de usuarios, administración de roles y permisos de acceso a componentes, y manejo de sesiones; todo ello, bajo un esquema de arquitectura multicapa aplicando los conceptos del patrón MVC (Modelo-Vista-Controlador) y el paradigma de la programación orientada a objetos. La fácil integración y configuración de Spring Security con otros componentes de software, también se discute en este artículo; permitiendo la construcción de soluciones confiables, robustas y seguras de lado del servidor. Asimismo, la estrategia de seguridad que se describe en este artículo, puede ser considerada para la construcción de API REST, Microservicios o sistemas bidireccionales basados en eventos.
Análisis hidrológico de la cuenca del río Sumapaz ubicada en Bogotá D.C entre los años 2011 al 2019
Authors: Ortiz Orozco Maria Fernanda , Pardo Florez Juan Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Se realizó la identificación y selección de la cuenca del Río Sumapaz cerca de su nacimiento en el municipio de Cabrera – Cundinamarca, seguidamente se reconocieron diferentes estaciones del IDEAM necesarias para la debida recolección de datos de precipitación y caudal , y con la descarga de datos de dichos datos de la cuenca se utilizaron distintas herramientas como lo son Qgis y Google Collaboratory a través de estas se realizó la simulación del comportamiento del río y así se obtuvieron resultados como el perfil del río, los puntos máximos, mínimos y medios de caudal y precipitación y su relación entre sí, asimismo se hicieron los debidos análisis a los resultados obtenidos con el objetivo de conocer los diversos factores que intervienen en la conducta natural de la cuenca y como se puede mejorar ésta.
Heat Conduction Problems in a Homogeneous Pipe with Inner Nonhomogeneous Coating
Authors: Kulchytsky-Zhyhailo Roman , Matysiak Stanisław J. , Perkowski Dariusz M.
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the analysis of nonhomogeneous inner coatings for a homogeneous pipe with respect of heat loss from the outer pipe surface. Two kinds of the coatings in the form of ring layers are considered: (1º) with the thermal properties changing continuously along the coating thickness (called the coating A), (2º) multilayered coatings with piecewise continuous thermal properties (called the coatings B). The analysis is connected with the stationary heat conduction problems. Some special cases of the coatings A and B are investigated. The obtained analytical results and the comparison of the coatings are presented.
Collectivism, Individualism, and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalistic Concept of Man
Authors: |Ficek Ryszard
Published: March 2021

The article debates the issues of collectivism and individualism in the context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s personalistic vision of man. The praxeological approach to Wyszyński’s personalism inscribes the Christian social teaching in post-war Poland’s specific socio-political realities. In this context, a critical analysis of the concept of the human person functioning in the dimension of various ideologies is essential. For that reason, the above article will explain the specificity of the collectivist and individualistic ideology. It allows us to understand better the danger of distorting social life’s vision concerning the Western world’s modern civilization. In this sense, a personalistic idea of human life shows that contemporary social life models, if they are to be shaped “a human measure,” must be based on systems promoting “pro-human” values, inscribed in an authentically humanistic vision of man and citizen.
Knowledge of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Urban Slum and Rural Population of West Tripura District - A Comparative Study
Authors: Reang Taranga , Tripura Amar
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death due to infectious diseases. TB continues to rank among world’s most serious health problems despite effective diagnostic & treatment measures. The objectives of the study were to asses and compare the knowledge of tuberculosis among rural and urban slum population and identify the factors associated with their knowledge of tuberculosis. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted and multistage random sampling technique was applied for selection of the individual study subjects. Data was collected using a semi-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. RESULTS 200 individuals were included in the study with an overall mean age (SD) of the individuals of 36.66 (± 13.091) years. 189 (94.5) participants had heard of tuberculosis. 36 (37.9 %) urban slum and 20 (21.3 %) rural participants said that cough is the most common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. 42 (52.5 % among rural population was having good knowledge (rural vs. urban; 52.5 % vs. 47.5 %) compared to urban slum population. Literacy (P = 0.049) and family type (P = 0.044) have played a significant role in acquiring good knowledge of tuberculosis among the participants irrespective of their place of residence. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the knowledge of TB among rural and urban slum population. Literate persons were more aware compared to illiterate population irrespective of their place of living. In spite of having good awareness regarding TB, in general the knowledge level on risk factors was not satisfactory and needs further improvement. Therefore, a special drive has to be started for imparting knowledge to the community regarding risk factors as this could prevent further occurrence or progress of TB. KEYWORDS Tuberculosis, Knowledge of TB, Urban Rural Difference
PARADIGMA DAN ALIENASI KONSEP MASLAHAT AL-TUFI SEBAGAI LEGALITAS SUMBER SYARIAH
Authors: Rosyid Maskur , Hafidzi Anwar
Published: March 2021

This article discusses how al-Tufi's views on maslahat are the supremacy of the sharia law. This research uses library research method with the primary data source of this research is the book Sharh al-Arba'in al-Nawawi Mulhiq al-Maslahah fi al-Tashri 'al-Islami, and Sharh Mukhtasar al-Raudah, which is al-Tūfi. The findings of this study are that the maslahat in the view of al-Tufi is all the reason for delivering goodness both in the field of worship and mu'amalah as well as all efforts to realize the maqasid al-shari'ah. The concept of maslahatnya is based not only on the mind, but also based on nas}, both the Qur'an and Hadith and ijmak. The priority priorities with the takhsis method and the town referred to as al-Tufi only apply to naskah-nascans rather than the qat'i nas. Furthermore, the priority of al-Tufi's maslahat only applies to the field of mua'malah and which is attributed to him, not to the field of worship and to which it is attributed to the last cause given to the law and ijmak.
Türkiye’de aromaterapinin etkisine yönelik yapılan hemşirelik tezlerinin incelenmesi
Authors: ZOR Murat , ŞİMŞEK KÜÇÜKKELEPÇE Didem , GÖLBAŞI Zehra
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma Türkiye’de aromaterapinin etkisini değerlendirmek üzere yapılmış hemşirelik lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Türkiye Ulusal Tez Veri Tabanı’nda “aromaterapi”, “nonfarmakolojik yöntemler” ve “hemşirelik” kelimeleri kullanılarak tarama yapılmıştır. Tarama sonucu 66 teze ulaşılmıştır. Tezlerden ikisi tam erişime açık olmadığı, 13’ü hemşirelik tezi olmadığı ve yedi tez aromaterapinin etkisini incelemediği için değerlendirme dışı bırakılmış, çalışma 44 tez üzerinden yürütülmüştür.

Bulgular: Tezlerin 24’ü yüksek lisans ve 20’si doktora tezidir. Tezlerin tamamında aromaterapi olarak esansiyel yağ kullanılmıştır. Aromatik yağlar inhaler olarak ya da ve masaj yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Tezlerin 25’inde aromaterapinin kaygı/anksiyete/stres üzerindeki, 23 tezde uyku ve 19 tezde ise ağrı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların tamamına yakınında kullanılan aromaterapinin incelenen değişken üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Son on yılda hemşireler tarafından aromaterapinin etkisine yönelik yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının sayısı artmıştır. Çalışmaların sonuçları aromaterapinin ağrı, kaygı, anksiyete, stres ve uyku gibi değişkenler üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.
Thermodynamic Rationale for Using Expander-Compressor Gas Turbine Power Unit
Authors: Strebkov A.S. , Osipov A.V. , Zhavrotskiy S.V.
Published: March 2021

Natural gas is transported through a network of main gas pipelines under high pressure, and the process of its consumption requires a decrease in pressure of gas laid mainly in throttling devices. It is beneficial to use part of the available energy potential of natural gas for electricity production by means of expander-generator technologies. However, the task of finding ways to increase the capacity and efficiency of gas turbine power units using the energy of excess pressure of natural gas does not lose its relevance. The study poses and solves the problem of developing a new thermal cycle diagram of a combined power unit to substitute throttling pressure regulators at gas distribution stations with an expander-compressor gas turbine unit. A distinctive feature of the unit is the replacement of the gas turbine drive of the air compressor with its drive from the turbo-expander by using the energy of excess pressure of natural gas. This results in significant increase in the absolute thermal efficiency and decrease in the specific fuel and energy costs. We developed analytical dependencies relating the operating parameters of the expander-compressor gas turbine unit and its output characteristics. Thus, it was possible to find an approach to calculating the unit, the approach being based on proven methods for thermal cycle calculation. The results of the performed calculations show that, in comparison with gas turbine units, the expander-compressor gas turbine unit has a significantly lower specific consumption of equivalent fuel and a lower negative impact on the environment
A Vortex Jet Device Applied in the Development of Active Hydro-Pneumatic Dampers Used in Rehabilitation Equipment
Authors: Uss A.Yu. , Chernyshev A.V.
Published: March 2021

The paper overviews and analyses the current status of the development and research of active hydro-pneumatic dampers, which are used in rehabilitation equipment, where vortex jet devices can be applied as control valves. The study focuses on a vortex jet device whose distinctive feature is the absence of mechanically moving parts, describes the principle of its operation, and gives the rationale for using it in the active hydro-pneumatic damper of the knee module prosthesis. From a review of scientific and technical literature, a conclusion is drawn that active hydro-pneumatic dampers are used not only in rehabilitation equipment but also in vehicle shock absorbers. The experience gained in the design and development of active hydro-pneumatic dampers for vehicle shock absorbers was applied in the design and development of an active hydro-pneumatic damper for the knee module. In order to identify the advantages and disadvantages, we examined some designs of active hydro-pneumatic dampers for vehicle shock absorbers. Analysis of technical solutions showed the advantage of vortex jet devices, e.g. high reliability, the ability to work with various working environments, low manufacturing and operating costs; enabled us to recommend a vortex jet device to be used as an actuator, i.e., a vortex valve, in the valve assembly of an active hydro-pneumatic damper. The use of a vortex jet device increases the reliability of the structure and reduces the energy consumption for the control of the structure. The proposed design of the hydro-pneumatic damper allows the use of interactive damping control. The study is the first to introduce the concept and describe the principle of operation of an active hydro-pneumatic damper using a vortex jet device
Existing Concepts and Review of Experimental Studies of a Laser Rocket Engine
Authors: Ziganshin B.P. , Sochnev A.V.
Published: March 2021

Currently, there is a problem of making engines for the exploration of near space, and one of the solutions to this problem is the use of a laser rocket engine. This type of engine has a number of advantages and, as calculations have shown, it is economically profitable during active operation, which is very important for space systems. The principle of operation of a laser rocket engine allows it to be used not only as a power plant and a system for launching spacecraft, but also as a system for the destruction of space debris, the problem of which is becoming more and more urgent every day. The paper shows the results of a review of domestic and foreign works on the history of creation and the concept of application of currently existing samples of laser rocket engines, on experimental data obtained by measuring the specific impulse and thrust, measurement methods, and describes the principle of operation and basic physical processes occurring in laser rocket engines
Poezja wciąż uwikłana najnowsze tłumaczenia liryki Rudyarda Kiplinga na tle jej wcześniejszej recepcji przekładowej w Polsce
Authors: Luboń Arkadiusz
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the latest Polish translations of verses by Rudyard Kipling and their relations with current literary, cultural and ideological discourses in Poland. Retrospective recapitulation of the manners the poetry of British Nobel Prize Laureate was interpreted and analyzed throughout its history clearly suggests at least one common pattern in critical and translational perception of Kipling’s texts. After the years at the turn of 19th and 20th Centuries, when his poetry had been marginalized by Polish publishers as supporting colonial politics of European empires, his poetical works – for the same reason – were often translated and eagerly printed during the interwar period. Ostracism for his “imperialistic” agenda after the Second World War in the communist state of People’s Republic of Poland only slightly changed after the political turn in 1989, since the translations of Kipling’s writings remained sparse and occasional due to the popularity of postcolonial studies among Polish readers and critics. Numerous of the latest translations also link Kipling’s poetry to Polish social and political context – often as a result of arbitrary changes introduced by the translators in the target texts.
Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dengan Pendekatan Edukatif dan Strategi Kolaboratif Pada Situasi Pandemi Covid-19 di Dusun Krajan, Desa Sumbersekar, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Mardhiyah Ainatul , Fitrianingsih Avin Ainur
Published: March 2021

Covid-19 has been declared a pandemic by WHO since March 11, 2020. The spread of this virus has reached 114 countries including Indonesia. Preventing the spread of Covid-19 is important to tackle this pandemic. Community service UIN Serving Qaryah Thayyibah is participating in socializing ways to prevent Covid-19. The theme of this activity is the socialization of Covid-19 prevention and the practice of making hand sanitizers according to WHO standards. The method used was education by distributing Covid-19 prevention pocket books and direct meetings with PKK cadres in Krajan Hamlet, Sumbersekar Village, Dau District, Malang Regency. The results of this activity were seen from the enthusiasm of the participants during the socialization activities and the practice of making hand sanitizers. It is hoped that from this activity, the people of Krajan Hamlet can better understand how to prevent the spread of Covid-19 and can make hand sanitizers according to WHO standards.
The Risk Tolerance Measure in the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances: New, But Is It Improved?
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Hanna Sherman D. , Ying Dongyue
Published: March 2021

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) has included a 4-level risk tolerance measure since 1983. In 2016, the SCF also included an 11-level risk tolerance measure. We compare the two measures, and develop suggestions for using the new measure. While the new measure is seemingly simpler than the old measure, we demonstrate that it does not have a monotonic relationship with owning stock assets, with a pattern similar to the relationship of the old measure to stock ownership. We also identify complex patterns of factors related to different levels of the new measure, for instance education has a negative relationship at one level but positive at another level. Those using the new measure should consider the complex patterns we demonstrate.
DARI ‘MUHLAL’ HINGGA ‘MUHRABI’ (Tipologi Pemikiran Hadits Hisab-Rukyat di Kalangan Muhammadiyah)
Authors: Imron Ali , Hadi Syamsul , Anwar Syamsul , Danarto Agung
Published: March 2021

This paper corrects the assumption which thinks that Muhammadiyah is a social organisation which putting forward the absolute hisab in deciding the beginning of the month. By using typology and analytical descriptive method in undestanding the dynamic decision and determination of the beginning of Hijriyyah months (especially Ramadhan, Syawal, and Dzulhijjah). Thus, the paper shows that actually in Muhammadiyah there are various hisab-rukyat tipology of thinking. There are six kinds hisab-rukyat tipology of thinking in Muhammadiyah. They are (a) 'Muhlal' group (Muhammadiyah-Wujudul Hilal); (b) 'Muhkayat' group (Muhammadiyah-Imkanur Rukyat); (c) 'Muhpem' (Muhammadiyah-Pemerintah); (d) 'Muhyata' ('Muhammadiyah-Rukyat Semata); (e) Muhijar ('Muhammadiyah-Ijtima' Qabla Fajar'), (f) ‘Muhrabi’ (Muhammadiyah-Arab Saudi). Each group represent the tendency and non-single dynamic in understanding Hadits of the prophet in deciding the beginning of the month. This is very interesting to analyze because the dynamic did not happen in any other social organizations which tend to be similiar in deciding the beginning of the month. As a social organization which is not only big in quantity but also in quality with many rational Muhammadiyah followers/youngster, the different way of thinking will still happen although the main stream will still be hold or even won by certain group.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.733
PENERAPAN SYARI’AH DI NEGARA MODERN (Analisis Ijtihad Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im)
Authors: Rozi Ahmad Bahrur
Published: March 2021

Islam is a holistic religion. It means that Islam is a religion which does not only focus on the vertical relation between humans and God but also contains rules of horizontal relation between man and man. Laws with social characteristic lead to the existence of a power as the doer, such as the application of all the punishments and public rewards (al-hudûd wa al-'uqûbât). This article analyzes the thought of Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im about syari’ah reformation which is relevant to the constitutionalism standard, criminal law, international law and modern human right, a vision of “syariat modern” which is suitable with the nation state concept which beyond  the offering of the Nation of fundamentalist syariah and the offering of Modern Islamic Nation. The method used by Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im is the renewal method which is said as legalized evolution with hermeneutic as the main tool to reach the purpose and normative implication of the text as al-Qur’an. According to Abdullahi Ahmed An--Na’im, the failure of syari’ah application in modern country caused by the crisis on the traditional syari’ah methodology which became its base. Therefore, new syari’ah formulation is needed to be built on the new base. Naskh concept which is initiated by An-Na’im is for answering this crisis.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.734
The Control of The Kadi and The Muhtesib on The Urban Guilds in The Ottoman Empire
Authors: Hefni Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Success of the Ottoman empire as one of the greatest, most extensive, and longest-lasting empires in the history of the world could not be released from the efforts of the government to organize the state throught establishment various institutions. Among them are judicials instititution such as kadi courts and Hisbah institutions which was led by a muhtesib. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship and the interaction between the kadi and the muhtesib in the Ottoman empire, and their historical roots in the periods before. The position of a kadi and a muhesib has existed in periods before the Ottoman empire. A kadi has existed since the Prophet Muhammad pbuh period. While, a muhtesib historically has began in the Greco-Roman agoranomos. In the Ottoman empire, both became important governmental functions. They had the power to pronounce decisions on everything connected with the sharî'a and the Sultanic law. They played roles in controlling urban life, its economic activities in particular. All the production and manufacturing activities in the cities that were carried out within the framework of the guild organization was under the control of the kadi and the muhtesib. For example a craft guilds and a creditor guilds.
PERPADUAN HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT (Upaya Merumuskan Hukum Islam Berkepribadian Indonesia)
Authors: Zahid Moh
Published: March 2021

Perubahan sosial sebagai akibat modernisasi menuntut terjadinya pembaruan hukum. Hukum Islam yang pada dasarnya bersifat universal dan fleksibel cenderung akomodatif terhadp hukum adat selama tidak bertentangan dengan dalil yang aksiomatik (qath’îy). Perpaduan antara hukum Islam dan hukum Adat diharapkan mampu melahirkan ketentuan hukum Islam yang mengakar pada budaya lokal. Namun dalam sejarah keindonesian terjadi tarik-menarik otoritas hukum Islam dan hukum Adat. Pada tataran inilah diperlukan kesepakatan (ijtihâd jamâ`i) guna merumuskan kaidah hukum yang diperlukan. Artikel ini berupaya mengupas kemungkinan terwujudnya rumusan hukum Islam yang berkepribadian Indonesia.
ISLÂM WAHIDIYAH (Ajaran dan Pengamalan Shalawât Wahidiyah dalam Mainstream Islâm Masyarakat Madura)
Authors: Zahid Moh
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang pokok-pokok Ajaran Wahidiyah yang berintikan upaya untuk taqarrub ila Allâh (pendekatan diri kepada Allâh) melalui pengamalan Shalawât Wahidiyah karya KH. Abdoel Madjid Ma’ruf, pengasuh Pondok Pesantren Kedunglo Kediri. Ciri khas ritual pengamalan Shalawât Wahidiyah adalah tangis dalam mujâhadah (kesungguhan), nidâ’ (panggilan-menyeru) dengan berdiri menghadap empat arah, tasyaffu’ (permohonan syafaat), dan istighrâq (pemusatan pikiran dan perasaan kepada Allâh). Pada aspek Ajaran Islâm Wahidiyah tidak ditemukan aqîdah yang secara menyakinkan bertentangan dengan syarî'ah meskipun sebagian kiai mempersoalkan keabsahannya. Sedangkan pada aspek pemahaman dan pengamalannya ditemukan ada penyimpangan dari pokok Ajaran Wahidiyah dan oleh sebagian kiai dan pemuka masyarakat dianggap telah membahayakan dan bertentangan dengan syarî'ah baik aqidah, amaliyah dan khuluqiyah serta dipandang meresahkan masyarakat dari sisi ritual pengamalan ajaran maupun terhadap keharmonisan praksis keberagamaan.
BETWEEN THE CRITICISM OF HADÎTS AND HADÎTS PROBATIVENESS
Authors: - Idri
Published: March 2021

Setiap Muslim percaya bahwa al-Qur’ân secara wurûd bersifat qath’î,karena ia dikumpulkan dan ditulis pada masa Nabi sertaditransmisikan secara mutawâtir. Namun tidak demikian denganHadîts. Ia tidak semuanya ditulis pada masa Nabi. Karenanya, paraulamâ’ berupaya mengkaji Hadîts berikut rantai transmisinya untukmenentukan validitas (ke-shahîh-an) sebuah Hadîts melalui kritiktransmisi Hadîts. Artikel ini akan menyoroti persoalan tersebut,sehingga akan memberikan pemahaman tentang makna dan syaratsyaratkritik Hadîts serta hubungan antara kritik Hadîts denganvaliditas dan pengujiannya. Validitas Hadîts tidak hanya bergantungpada Hadîts itu sendiri, tetapi ditentukan melalui investigasi historisdan pendekatan metodologis. Dalam kaitan ini, kemampuan personaldan kualitas intelektual para perawi Hadîts memiliki peran signifikandalam menentukan apakah sebuah Hadîts itu diterima atau tidak.Untuk itu, ktirik Hadîts tidak hanya bertujuan untuk menilai danmengetahui validitas sebuah Hadîts dan profesionalitas perawinya,tetapi juga untuk mengakomodasi kebergunaannya sebagai sumberhukum Islam kedua.
INFORMED CONSENT DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Adriana Pakendek Adriana Pakendek
Published: March 2021

Abstract:   It is a must to apply the informed consent in public health service, particularly in a hosptal. As a matter of fact, some medical patients or the  representative does not comprehend the term informed consent due to the ineffective communication between the patient and physician. Whereas, a doctor should have a legal informed consent to execute medical action from the patient, otherwise she/he would experience a question of law; private and punitive law as well as indisciplinary punishment. A petient is able to deny an informed consent, yet it is identified as an informed refusal. However, the patient must be responsible for any medical impacts in the future. In this case, a doctor is free from any legal actions as the result of consent refusal of patient.   Key Words: informed consent, pasien dan dokter
BETWEEN THE CRITICISM OF HADÎTS AND HADÎTS PROBATIVENESS
Authors: Idri Idri
Published: March 2021

Setiap Muslim percaya bahwa al-Qur’ân secara wurûdbersifat qath’î, karena ia dikumpulkan dan ditulis padamasa Nabi serta ditransmisikan secara mutawâtir. Namuntidak demikian dengan Hadîts. Ia tidak semuanya ditulispada masa Nabi. Karenanya, para ulamâ’ berupayamengkaji Hadîts berikut rantai transmisinya untukmenentukan validitas (ke-shahîh-an) sebuah Hadîts melaluikritik transmisi Hadîts. Artikel ini akan menyorotipersoalan tersebut, sehingga akan memberikan pemahamantentang makna dan syarat-syarat kritik Hadîts sertahubungan antara kritik Hadîts dengan validitas danpengujiannya. Validitas Hadîts tidak hanya bergantungpada Hadîts itu sendiri, tetapi ditentukan melaluiinvestigasi historis dan pendekatan metodologis. Dalamkaitan ini, kemampuan personal dan kualitas intelektualpara perawi Hadîts memiliki peran signifikan dalammenentukan apakah sebuah Hadîts itu diterima atau tidak.Untuk itu, ktirik Hadîts tidak hanya bertujuan untukmenilai dan mengetahui validitas sebuah Hadîts danprofesionalitas perawinya, tetapi juga untukmengakomodasi kebergunaannya sebagai sumber hukumIslam kedua.
KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (Suatu Formalisasi Syari’at Islam di Indonesia)
Authors: Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman
Published: March 2021

Terbit dan berlakunya Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)sejak tahun 1991 di Indonesia merupakan indikasi nyatabahwa hukum Islam telah diakui keberadaannya sebagaihukum positif di negeri ini. Kondisi itu sesungguhnyaberarti bahwa secara formal sebagian syari’at (hukum)Islam diakomodasi keberlakuannya. Dalam konteks itulahdapat dinyatakan bahwa formalisasi Syari’at Islam diIndonesia dapat terwujud dan sama sekali bukanlahsesuatu yang terlarang untuk terus diupayakan, apalagiuntuk sekedar diwacanakan. Yang terpenting justruterletak pada terwujudnya kesadaran sekaligus dukungandari tiap individu muslim untuk memahami bahwa ajaranIslam merupakan ajaran tentang hidup dan kehidupanmanusia, dan bukan hanya sebatas bidang Perkawinan,Kewarisan, dan Perwakafan, sebagaimana yangditampakkan pada wilayah/muatan KHI.
PEMIKIRAN IBN HAZM TENTANG KEBERADAAN WALI NIKAH DALAM PERKAWINAN JANDA
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Wali nikah merupakan salah satu rukun dalam perkawinan.Begitu pentingnya keberadaan wali nikah, kajian membahastentang keberadaan wali dalam suatu perkawinan yangdilakukan oleh janda (tsayyib), dalam perspektif Ibn Hazm.Kajian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis artinya hasil penelitianini berusaha memberikan gambaran secara menyeluruh,mendalam tentang suatu keadaan atau gejala yang diteliti,yaitu berusaha memaparkan data secara obyektif tentangwali nikah bagi janda menurut pemikiran Ibn Hazmkemudian menganalisanya. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian pustaka (library research) dengan menggunakanpendekatan sejarah sosial dan pendekatan ushul fiqh. Dalammenganalisis data penyusun menggunakan metode analisisisi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwadalam hal wali nikah Ibn Hazm sependapat dengan jumhûrulamâ’, kecuali Abû Hanîfah, yang tidak membolehkanperempuan mewalikan dirinya sendiri, tetapi harusmenyerahkannya kepada walinya, yakni dari keturunanlaki-laki (ashabah). Jika tidak diizinkan, maka yangmenikahkan adalah sulthân. Ibn Hazm tidak membedakanantara gadis dan janda dalam hal kewajiban meminta izinwali dalam suatu pernikahan, bahwa jika ingin menikah,gadis atau janda harus dengan izin walinya.
KONTROVERSI HADITS-HADITS MENANGISI MAYAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF MUKHTALIF HADITS
Authors: Wahyudi Arif
Published: March 2021

Pertentangan antara hadits-hadits tentang menangisi mayit seringkali berdampak langsung kepada masyarakat akar rumput, sehingga sekedar menitikkan air mata karena keluarganya meninggal akan membuat yang lain menghardik dengan alasan bahwa si mayit akan disiksa di dalam kubur ketika ada yang menangis atau si mayit akan menjadi hantu. Pertentangan dalam masalah ini akan coba penulis kaji dan selesaikan dengan metode Mukhtalif Hadits. Ilmu Mukhtalif Hadits merupakan ilmu yang membahas pertentangan hadits dengan hadits lain, dengan al-Qur’an, logika dan fakta, baik pertentangannya secara zhahir atau hakiki. Hal ini senada dengan cakupan pembahasan kitab-kitab tentang mukhtalif hadits, diantaranya Ta`wîl Mukhtalif al-Hadîts karya Abî Muhammad Abdullah ibn Muslim Qutaibah (213-276 H). Secara esensi, pertentangan antara satu hadits dengan yang lain hanyalah pada zhahirnya dan tidak bersifat hakiki, mengingat keseluruhannya bersumber dari Allah swt.
PRAKTIK KHITHBAH DI MADURA PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT
Authors: - Suhaimi
Published: March 2021

Sebelum perkawinan dilakukan, baik secara hukum maupun adat harus didahului dengan khithbah. Laki-lakidan perempuan yang masih dalam ikatan peminangantentu saja status hukumnya “ajnabiyah”. Fenomena yangberkembang di masyarakat terjadi pergeseran danpengaburan status hukum yang seolah-olah hubungankeduanya telah mempunyai ikatan yang sah menurut hukum Islam. Sehingga tidak terbatasi lagi hubunganantara laki-laki dan perempuan, bahkan masyarakatmelakukan praktik peminangan yang menyalahiketentuan hukum Islam.
PENERAPAN HUKUM WARIS ISLAM DALAM PERKARA WARIS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA PAMEKASAN
Authors: Susylawati Eka
Published: March 2021

Pewarisan adalah proses perpindahan harta dari orang yang meninggal dunia kepada ahli warisnya.  Dalamhukum waris di Indonesia masih berlaku pluralismehukum yakni hukum waris adat, Barat dan Islam. Sebagaibagian dari hukum perdata dalam hukum waris dikenaladanya pilihan hukum (opsi hukum) sehingga masyarakatdapat memilih hukum waris yang akan dianutnya. Denganadanya Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentangPerubahan Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama, pilihanhukum bagi orang yang beragama Islam ketika berperkaradi pengadilan ditiadakan sehingga akan secara otomatisakan menjadi kewenangan Pengadilan Agama danPengadilan Agama akan menerapkan hukum waris Islam.
Political feedback in conditions of social digitalization
Authors: Gadzhiev Khanlar A.
Published: March 2021

Feedback is one of the most significant elements for political system’s functioning. Not only social and political stability depend on the effectiveness of its channels and mechanisms, and the extent of it being taken into account in the political process, but also resilience of the political system constructed. During the digital age, when the political processes in society are much more intensive in the society and the process of opinion exchange is more open, authorities, on the one hand, have significantly more opportunities for monitoring, analysis and consideration of feedback in order to correct the political course being pursued, and on the other hand, rapid response and decision making are required from authorities. It is primarily connected to the great degree of penetration of the online-environment into peoples’ lives. Here emerged many threatens and risks for authorities connected with the possibility of destructive impact on public opinion and attempt to manipulating it. For this goal the article tries to define the essence of political feedback and its significance for today’s political process; its basic components and their role in political system’s functioning are stated; the potential of political feedback from the point of view of enhancing the effectiveness of decision made by the authorities and adequate response to the public enquiries and demands; finally, the main possible barriers on the way of realization of political feedback.
Trust in government during the pandemic: gender aspect
Authors: Lazukina Alexandra O.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the differences in the choice of behavioral patterns based on social trust and distrust of men and women. The essence of the problem under consideration is that so far few researchers have studied mistrust as a phenomenon characteristic of Russians, and practically no one has considered the difference in the character of trust / distrust for men and women and the influence of these indicators on the level of socio-psychological well-being of the population and, as a consequence, on social tension in society, if we consider this problem in terms of trust and distrust to the authorities. Here are the studies that were conducted in December 2020 in the city of St. Petersburg, regarding these issues. A study of changes in trust showed that in the northern capital от Russia, the level of mistrust for the federal government among women increased much more than among men, and a small excursion into history and analogies with revolutionary situations of the past make one think about the stability of the current system and the need for the authorities to make serious efforts to resolve an explosive situation. This situation is especially evident in St. Petersburg, because the unpopular actions of local authorities during the pandemic created the prerequisites for the fact that it was on the shoulders of women that the main burden fell, when it was necessary to actually independently educate children, continue to work in new conditions and practically fully support the life of the whole family in harsh conditions of isolation and psychological and informational pressure. Analyzing the research data and the situation in general, this article concludes that in the current difficult conditions the authorities should pay more attention to the position of women and increase targeted support measures to improve the socio-psychological well-being of the population.