bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: Medical and surgical management of presumed canine nodular granulomatous episcleritis with progression to posterior nodular scleritis, choroiditis, and optic neuritis
Authors: Pearsall Mary Evelyn , Knollinger Amy , Gardiner David
Published: May 2024

Nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE) typically presents as an elevated mass or elevated masses at the limbus and often infiltrates the cornea (episclerokeratitis). In the current report, a granulomatous lesion was observed subretinally in the right eye (OD) of a 5‐year‐old male castrated American Staffordshire Terrier dog. There was concurrent retinal hemorrhage and detachment OD; the right eye was not visual. Due to poor prognosis for vision and potential for a neoplastic etiology of the mass, staging with higher imaging was recommended but declined by the owner. Therefore, an enucleation was performed. Histopathology of the globe identified a subretinal mass, marked histiocytic and lesser lymphoplasmacytic choroiditis, posterior episcleritis, and optic neuritis with retinal detachment. The subretinal mass was composed of densely packed, large, spindle histiocytes mixed with occasional lymphocytes, plasma cells, and only rare neutrophils. Regions of the mass showed lymphocytes aggregate to form nodules. This histological presentation was a type of proliferative histiocytic disease with similarities to nodular granulomatous episcleritis or granulomatous/necrotizing scleritis. This is a novel presentation of NGE‐like progression to subretinal scleral, choroidal, and retinal involvement and provides a new differential possibility for posterior segment masses observed on fundic examination.
Evaporation Mechanisms and Heat Transfer in Porous Media of Mixed Wettabilities With a Simulated Solar Flux and Forced Convection Through the Media
Authors: Paap Dylan , Weinhold Benjamin , Chakraborty Partha Pratim , VandenBos Will , Derby Melanie M.
Published: May 2024

An experimental apparatus was designed to study the impacts of wettability on evaporation of water from Ottawa sand. Evaporation rates were measured for: (1) a 5.7-cm-thick layer of hydrophilic Ottawa sand; (2) a 5.7-cm-thick layer with 12% hydrophobic content, consisting of a 0.7-cm-layer of n-Octyltriethoxysilane-coated hydrophobic sand buried 1.8 cm below the surface of hydrophilic sand; and (3) a 5.7-cm-thick layer with mixed wettabilities, consisting of 12% n-Octyltriethoxysilane-coated hydrophobic sand mixed into hydrophilic sand. The sand–water mixtures experienced forced convection above and through the sand layer, while a simulated solar flux (i.e., 112±20 W/m2) was applied. Evaporation from homogeneous porous media is classified into the constant-rate, falling-rate, and slow-rate periods. Wettability affected the observed evaporation mechanisms, including the transition from constant-rate to falling-rate periods. Evaporation entered the falling-rate period at 12%, 20%, and 24% saturations for the all hydrophilic sand, hydrophobic layer, and hydrophobic mixture, respectively. Wettability affected the duration of the experiments, as the all hydrophilic sand, hydrophobic layer, and hydrophobic mixture lasted 17, 20, and 26 trials, respectively. Both experiments with hydrophobic particles lasted longer than the all hydrophilic experiment and had shorter constant-rate evaporation periods, suggesting hydrophobic material interrupts capillary action of water to the soil surface and reduces evaporation. Sand temperatures suggest more evaporation occurred near the test section inlet for higher saturations and the hydrophobic layer experienced more evaporation occur near the outlet. Evaporation fluxes were up to 12× higher than the vapor diffusion flux due to enhanced vapor diffusion and forced convection.
How CEUS improves gallbladder pathology evaluation. A comprehensive pictorial and review of the literature
Authors: Badea Alexandru Florin , Ciobanu Lidia
Published: May 2024

Gallbaldder disorders represent a prevalent pathology encounterd in daily practice, both in emergency and ambulatory settings. Transabdominal ultrasound has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of gallstones and acute cholecystitis. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can depict and characterized the vascular pattern in cases of inflammatory or malignant processes. In an emergency situation such as acute cholecystitis in patients with comorbidities, CEUS can acurate identify a gangrenous cholecystitis; subsequently the medical management can rely on this technique. The differential diagnosis of benign vs malignant pathology, in cases of segmental or diffuse wall thickening, can also benefit from CEUS. In this paper we aimed to discuss and to illustrate the role of CEUS in gallbladder pathology.
Understanding the incidence of street children in Accra, Ghana through the public opinion, mass media, recognition and judgement perspectives in social work
Authors: Teye Abraham Tetteh
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Throughout the entire change process in social work practice, power plays a vital role. Social workers, organizations, governments, and service users exert some form of power in the process of addressing social problems and implementing interventions. The arguments in this article demonstrate how these various viewpoints affect the prevalence of children on the streets.
Approach: Drawing from existing literature and diverse theories, this article critically examines the power dynamics and perspectives that emerge within the design and implementation of interventions for street children in Accra, Ghana, using the lens of social work, mass media, and public opinion, as well as the recognition and judgment in social work perspectives. When the predominance of street children in Ghana is examined through the lens of public opinion and mass media in social work, it becomes clear how Ghana's status as a liberal state influences the public and the media’s negative conception of street children. In addition, a critical analysis of the recognition and judgement theory in the Ghanaian context emphasizes how street children's fundamental rights are violated, which results in low self-esteem and confidence.
Conclusions: By offering practical suggestions for social workers, the paper's conclusion contributes to social work research and practice. Social workers, governments, and organizations may help street children by creating and putting into action rescue plans, raising awareness through advertisements and social media campaigns, and allocating enough human and financial resources.
An inquiry into trauma-informed practice and care for social workers in care and protection roles in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Dyer Rachel , Chisnell Charlotte
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This research investigates what knowledge and training social workers have in preparation for working alongside survivors of trauma. Including what support social workers receive to ensure they keep themselves safe and how comfortable they feel about accessing support to promote their self-care and emotional resilience.
METHOD: Using an exploratory research design, qualitative data has been collated through semi-structured interviews with four care and protection social workers, capturing their stories in a narrative format and comparing the data to academic research on trauma-informed practice and care.
FINDINGS/ IMPLICATIONS: While social workers have sound knowledge on trauma and its impact on individuals and their behaviours, the implementation of trauma-informed practice and care can often be confusing and underutilised. Additionally, the consideration of the impact on practitioners can often be overlooked, falling on the practitioner to manage themselves rather than a collaborative approach alongside the organisation they work in.
Electronic and optical properties of lithium-doped boron nitride nanoribbons using density functional theory
Authors: Safdarian Farzaneh , Ahmadian Farzad , Zare Hasan Abad Rohollah , Badehian Hojat Allah
Published: May 2024

Density functional theory has been utilized to compute the electronic and optical characteristics of zBNNRs (w = 6 and 8) doped with lithium. The results suggest that the simulated nanoribbons display properties similar to those of semiconductors. Furthermore, the graphs demonstrate that a 4% lithium doping level decreases the bandgap. The presence of lithium alters the dielectric function of boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) by acting as a donor atom, thereby introducing additional electronic states within the energy bandgap. Additionally, the dopant enhances the static refractive index, particularly in the z-direction. In the energy range of 0–6 eV, both pristine zBNNRs (w = 6) and zBNNRs (w = 8) satisfy the criteria for the transverse-electric mode. Conversely, beyond 3.87 [for Li-doped zBNNRs (w = 6)] and 3.81 eV [for Li-doped zBNNRs (w = 8)], the lithium-doped nanoribbons support the transverse-magnetic plasmons.
Enabling resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in high magnetic fields
Authors: Mizzi Christopher A. , Maiorov Boris
Published: May 2024

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a powerful method to determine elastic constants with high accuracy and precision from a single measurement of the mechanical resonances of a sample. Conventionally, the quantitative extraction of elastic moduli with RUS assumes free boundary conditions which can often lead to the adoption of unstable sample positioning between ultrasonic transducers that is incompatible with extreme environments like high magnetic fields. We show that, under specific conditions, introducing a small amount of adhesive between a RUS sample and ultrasonic transducers introduces a perturbation to the free resonance condition which can be accounted for by a simple model. This means elastic constants can be determined to within the uncertainty of conventional RUS, but with significant improvements including sample stability and control of sample orientation. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach with measurements on a range of materials including room temperature measurements on polycrystalline metals, temperature-dependent measurements of the structural phase transition in strontium titanate single crystals, and magnetic field-dependent measurements of magnetic phase transitions in gadolinium polycrystals up to 14 T.
Distinguishing Passive and Active Standing Behaviors From Accelerometry
Authors: Kowalsky Robert J. , van Werkhoven Herman , Meucci Marco , Quinn Tyler D. , Stoner Lee , Hearon Christopher M. , Barone Gibbs Bethany
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate whether active standing can be identified separately from passive standing via accelerometry data and to develop and test the accuracy of a machine-learning model to classify active and passive standing. Methods: Ten participants wore a thigh-mounted activPAL monitor and stood for three 5-min periods in the following order: (a) PASSIVE: standing with no movement; (b) ACTIVE: five structured weight-shifting micromovements in the medial–lateral, superior–inferior, and anterior–poster planes while standing; and (c) FREE: participant’s choice of active standing. Averages of absolute resultant acceleration values in 15-s epochs were compared via analysis of variance (Bonferroni adjustment for pairwise comparisons) to confirm the dichotomization ability of the standing behaviors. Absolute resultant acceleration values and SDs in 2- and 5-s epochs were used to develop a machine-learning model using leave-one-subject-out cross validation. The final accuracy of the model was assessed using the area under the curve from a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Comparison of resultant accelerations across the three conditions (PASSIVE, ACTIVE, and FREE) resulted in a significant omnibus difference, F(2, 19) = [116], p < .001, η2 = .86, and in all pairwise post hoc comparisons (all p < .001). The machine-learning model using 5-s epochs resulted in 94% accuracy for the classification of PASSIVE versus ACTIVE standing. Model application to the FREE data resulted in an absolute average difference of 4.8% versus direct observation and an area under the curve value of 0.71. Conclusions: Active standing in three planes of movement can be identified from thigh-worn accelerometry via a machine-learning model, yet model refinement is warranted.
Geological fingerprints of deep slow earthquakes: A review of field constraints and directions for future research
Authors: Platt John P. , Grujic Djordje , Phillips Noah J. , Piazolo Sandra , Schmidt David A.
Published: May 2024

Slow earthquakes, including low-frequency earthquakes, tremor, and geodetically detected slow-slip events, have been widely detected, most commonly at depths of 40–60 km in active subduction zones around the Pacific Ocean Basin. Rocks exhumed from these depths allow us to search for structures that may initiate slow earthquakes. The evidence for high pore-fluid pressures in subduction zones suggests that they may be associated with hydraulic fractures (e.g., veins) and with metamorphic reactions that release or consume water. Loss of continuity and resulting slip at rates exceeding 10−4 m s–1 are required to produce the quasi-seismic signature of low-frequency earthquakes, but the subseismic displacement rates require that the slip rate is slowed by a viscous process, such as low permeability, limiting the rate at which fluid can access a propagating fracture. Displacements during individual low-frequency earthquakes are unlikely to exceed 1 mm, but they need to be more than 0.1 mm and act over an area of ~105 m2 to produce a detectable effective seismic moment. This limits candidate structures to those that have lateral dimensions of ~300 m and move in increments of <1 mm. Possible candidates include arrays of sheeted shear veins showing crack-seal structures; dilational arcs in microfold hinges that form crenulation cleavages; brittle-ductile shear zones in which the viscous component of deformation can limit the displacement rate during slow-slip events; slip surfaces coated with materials, such as chlorite or serpentine, that exhibit a transition from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening behavior with increasing slip velocity; and block-in-matrix mélanges.
Supplemental Material: A westerly dominated Early Cretaceous eolian system in the Hami Basin, NW China
Authors: Zhang Dehai , Wang Cuocan , al. et
Published: May 2024

Tables S1 and S2 show detailed results of the cross-bedding  measurements and grain size analyses, respectively.
Supplemental Material: Oxygen and sulfur stable isotope ratios of Late Devonian vertebrates trace the relative salinity of their aquatic environments
Authors: Goedert Jean , Broussard David , et al.
Published: May 2024

Tables S1–S5 and Figures S1–S11.
Supplemental Material: Oxygen and sulfur stable isotope ratios of Late Devonian vertebrates trace the relative salinity of their aquatic environment
Authors: Goedert Jean , Broussard David , et al.
Published: May 2024

Tables S1–S5 and Figures S1–S11.
Post-pneumonectomy coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Siddiqi Shirin , Sherwal Amanpreet
Published: May 2024

Postpneumonectomy changes, including ipsilateral diaphragmatic elevation and rib crowding, mediastinal shifting of the heart and reduction of respiratory functional reserve by 45%–55%, make cardiac surgery challenging in terms of access to the heart and great vessels. There is a paucity of literature on coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with a history of pneumonectomy. We report a case of a male in his 70s with a history of left pneumonectomy who underwent a successful on-pump CABG surgery using the left internal mammary artery graft and great saphenous vein graft. The patient was extubated postoperatively and discharged in a stable condition. With no consensus available for optimal preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management for these high-risk patients, our case report adds to the rare literature regarding successful on-pump CABG after pneumonectomy.
Preferences of people with chronic kidney disease regarding digital health interventions that promote healthy lifestyle: qualitative systematic review with meta-ethnography
Authors: Trần Thái Bình , Ambrens Meghan , Nguyễn Jennifer , Coleman Eve , Gilanyi Yannick , Letton Meg , Pandit Anurag , Lock Logan , Thom Jeanette M , Sen Shaundeep , Lambert Kelly , Arnold Ria
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Diet and physical activity are crucial for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to maintain good health. Digital health interventions can increase access to lifestyle services. However, consumers’ perspectives are unclear, which may reduce the capacity to develop interventions that align with specific needs and preferences. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the preferences of people with CKD regarding digital health interventions that promote healthy lifestyle.

Design

Qualitative systematic review with meta-ethnography.

Data sources

Databases Scopus, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched between 2000 and 2023.

Eligibility criteria

Primary research papers that used qualitative exploration methods to explore the preferences of adults with CKD (≥18 years) regarding digital health interventions that promoted diet, physical activity or a combination of these health behaviours.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers screened title, abstract and full text. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Consumers’ quotes were extracted verbatim and synthesised into higher-order themes and subthemes.

Results

Database search yielded 5761 records. One record was identified following communication with a primary author. 15 papers were included. These papers comprised 197 consumers (mean age 51.0±7.2), including 83 people with CKD 1–5; 61 kidney transplant recipients; 53 people on dialysis. Sex was reported in 182 people, including 53% male. Five themes were generated regarding consumers’ preferences for digital lifestyle interventions. These included simple instruction and engaging design; individualised interventions; virtual communities of care; education and action plans; and timely reminders and automated behavioural monitoring.

Conclusion

Digital health interventions were considered an important mechanism to access lifestyle services. Consumers’ preferences are important to ensure future interventions are tailored to specific needs and goals. Future research may consider applying the conceptual framework of consumers’ preferences in this review to develop and evaluate the effect of a digital lifestyle intervention on health outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023411511.
Assessing anxiety symptoms and Traumatic Event Scale scores among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia: a descriptive cohort study in Bogotá
Authors: Camacho-Cruz Jhon , Torres Ayala Sara Marcela , Cárdenas Rojas Susan Tatiana , Pérez Carolina Alexandra Zambrano , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo , Atuesta-Fajardo Juanita Yolanda , Villamizar-Gómez Licet
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aims to assess anxiety and suffering symptoms amid the pandemic, determine factors linked to physicians’ anxiety with COVID-19 patients and describe symptom progression in the initial year of follow-up.

Methods

Descriptive cohort study involving general practitioners, specialists and interns in the city of Bogotá. The Zung Anxiety Scale and the Traumatic Event Scale (TES) were employed and completed four times during the pandemic. A sample of 558 participants was taken. Physicians with prior diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were excluded. Bivariate tests and a logistic regression model were used.

Results

Some 7.3% of respondents had anxiety symptoms during the first survey (29/397 physicians) with a clinically significant impact of the traumatic event on 279 of the 397 (70%). Female gender (p=0.04), comorbidities (p=0.01), use of surgical gown (protective, p=0.01), perception of negative thoughts on the part of society (p=0.05), thoughts of wanting to give up or death (p<0.001) and presenting some clinical level of traumatic event impact (p<0.001) were associated with these anxiety symptoms. The multivariate model associated thoughts of quitting (OR 4.55; 95% CI 1.8 to 11.6) and the clinically significant level of TES (OR 7.8; 95% CI 1.0 to 62.5) with anxiety symptoms and the use of a surgical gown as a personal protection element (OR 0.222; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.73; p=0.009) with the protective factor.

Conclusions

The pandemic significantly impacted Bogota physicians, with around 7.3% of exhibiting anxiety symptoms during the initial assessment. This traumatic experience had a clinically significant effect on 70% of respondents. Over time, anxiety symptoms diminished. Addressing post-traumatic stress phenomena is crucial in similar scenarios to alleviate the impact on healthcare personnel’s anxiety.
Health promoting palliative care interventions in African low-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Plaisance Ariane , Hyland-Carignan Carol-Anne , Tapp Diane , Ouedraogo Samiratou , Gali-Gali Idriss Ali , Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie
Published: May 2024

Background

Palliative care (PC) has advanced rapidly since 2005, when the World Health Assembly posited it as an urgent humanitarian need. Over the same period, the principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion have been promoted to implement sustainable PC. It is not known whether the Ottawa Charter principles have been integrated into existing PC efforts in low-income African countries. The purpose of this scoping review is to determine the state of knowledge on the consequences of health promoting PC (HPPC) interventions in African low-income countries.

Methods

We searched for literature published in English, French and Spanish between 2005 and 2022 in CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. The inclusion criteria for studies were (1) conducted in African low-income countries and (2) evaluated the consequences of an HPPC intervention. Using Covidence, two reviewers independently carried out a two-step review process (title/abstract and full text) and data extraction.

Findings

A total of 2259 articles were screened and 12 were included. Of the 22 low-income countries in Africa, 3 countries—Malawi, Uganda and Rwanda—were represented in the selected studies. The majority of studies were cross-sectional, had limited numbers of participants and were conducted in English-speaking countries. We found that volunteers and caregivers played a key role in HPPC. Interventions sought to strengthen community action by reinforcing the skills and knowledge of community health workers (usually unpaid volunteers). Only two studies were related to building health promoting policy. Changes in professional education, training and culture were addressed in a few studies.

Conclusion

There is a need to increase the capacity of low-income African countries, especially French-speaking countries, to sustain HPPC interventions and to conduct and publish research on this topic. Decision-makers looking to implement HPPC measures in Africa or elsewhere may find the practical outcomes of this review helpful.
Abstracts from international emergency medicine journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: May 2024

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC
Authors:   NNPDF Collaboration, Ball Richard D. , Barontini Andrea , Candido Alessandro , Carrazza Stefano , Cruz-Martinez Juan , Del Debbio Luigi , Forte Stefano , Giani Tommaso , Hekhorn Felix , Kassabov Zahari , Laurenti Niccolò , Magni Giacomo , Nocera Emanuele R. , Rabemananjara Tanjona R. , Rojo Juan , Schwan Christopher , Stegeman Roy , Ubiali Maria
Published: May 2024

We construct a set of parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the recent NNPDF4.0 PDF set, that also include a photon PDF. The photon PDF is constructed using the LuxQED formalism, while QED evolution accounting for $${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha \right) $$

O

α

, $${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha \alpha _s\right) $$

O

α

α
s

, and $${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha ^2\right) $$

O

α
2

corrections is implemented and benchmarked by means of the EKO code. We investigate the impact of QED effects on NNPDF4.0, and compare our results both to our previous NNPDF3.1QED PDF set and to other recent PDF sets that include the photon. We assess the impact of photon-initiated processes and electroweak corrections on a variety of representative LHC processes, and find that they can reach the 5% level in vector boson pair production at large invariant mass.
Gravitational decoupled interior solutions from Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological model
Authors: Andrade J. , Oswaldo-Villacrés  , Carrera S. , Santana D.
Published: May 2024

This paper is devoted to obtaining and studying two interior exact solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations (EFE) for spherical geometry in the context of gravitational decoupling (GD) through minimal geomentric deformation (MGD). We take the well-known Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological solution as a seed in the framework of GD to first obtain an isotropic solution, which is decoupled again in order to obtain a second stellar anisotropic solution. Both resulting models turn out to be physically viable stellar models. Their stability is also being studied.
Joshi–Malafarina–Narayan singularity in weak magnetic field
Authors: Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha , Acharya Kauntey , Joshi Pankaj S.
Published: May 2024

The importance and significance of magnetic fields in the astrophysical scenario is well known. Many domains of astrophysical black hole physics such as polarized shadow image, high energy emitting processes and jet formation are dependent on the behavior of the magnetic fields in the vicinity of the compact objects. In light of this, we determine the master equation and master differential equation that determine the spatial behavior of the magnetic field inside a matter distribution or vacuum region, of general spherically symmetric metric, which is immersed in a test magnetic field. We also investigate here the case of JMN-1 singularity immersed in a uniform weak magnetic field and determine the behavior of magnetic fields by defining electromagnetic four potential vector. We find that the tangential component of the magnetic field is discontinuous at the matching surface of the JMN-1 singularity with the external Schwarzschild metric, resulting in surface currents. We define the covariant expression of surface current density in this scenario. We also analyze the behavior of center-of-mass energy of two oppositely charged particles in the geometry of the magnetized JMN-1 singularity. We briefly discuss the possible scenarios which would possess a discontinuous magnetic field and implications of the same and future possibilities in the realm of astrophysics are indicated.
A new quantum hydrodynamic description of ferroelectricity in spiral magnets
Authors: Trukhanova Mariya Iv. , Andreev Pavel , Obukhov Yuri N.
Published: May 2024

The strong coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity was found in rare-earth manganites, where the electric polarization could be induced by special magnetic ordering. There is no theoretical model that would allow us to study the static and dynamic properties of electric polarization in strongly correlated magnetic dielectrics. In the presented research, we have taken the main step toward the construction of such a fundamental model and made a direct connection between the microscopic Katsura–Nagaosa–Balatsky theory and Mostovoy’s phenomenological model for magnetically induced polarization. A novel description of the ferroelectricity of spin origin is proposed within the framework of the many-particle quantum hydrodynamics method. It is applied to the study of cells of magnetic ions, where the electric dipole moment is proportional to the vector product of spins. Our approach is based on the many-particle Pauli equation, where the influence of an external magnetic field is considered. We define the electric dipole moment operator of the ion cell and introduce the macroscopic polarization as the quantum mechanical average of that operator. We formulate a model for the description of nonequilibrium polarization and derive a new polarization evolution equation. The polarization switching in ferroelectric magnets with the spiral spin-density-wave state is considered, and we demonstrate that the proposed model yields known results and can predict novel effects. The dynamic magnetoelectric effect can be investigated by employing this novel equation to study the evolution of polarization.
Bending forming of lightweight large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy aviation tube
Authors: Jiang Lanfang , Zhang Yichao , Li Wei , Zhang Shuyou , Li Heng , Zhu An
Published: May 2024

To improve the forming quality of lightweight aviation tubes, the influence of different tube specifications, forming requirements and process parameters on bending forming of large diameter thin-walled (LDTW) LF2M aluminum alloy tubes (AATs) was studied. A finite element analysis model for LDTW AAT bending was established and verified. The results show that with the increase of mandrel extension length [Formula: see text], the wall-thinning ratio tends to increase. With the increase of [Formula: see text], the overall wall-thickening ratio decreases. With the increase of [Formula: see text], the ovality decreases first and then increases. The bending radius has a great influence on wall thickness variation. It has great significance to guide the bending forming of lightweight LDTW aluminum alloy aviation tube.
Influence of process parameters on forming quality of largesize nickel-based alloy tubes
Authors: Lin Yaochen , Jiang Lanfang , Wang Zili , Pan Hao , Sun Min
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the forming quality of largesize nickel-based alloy chemical tubes, the influence of different tube specifications and mandrel/tube clearances on the bending forming quality of largesize Hastelloy C-276 alloy tubes was studied. A finite element (FE) analysis model for NC rotary drawing bending (RDB) was established and verified. The results show that with the increasement of the clearance, the wall-thinning ratio [Formula: see text] of different tube specifications gradually decreases, and the wall-thickening ratio [Formula: see text] and ovality [Formula: see text] gradually increase. As the measuring angle increases, the [Formula: see text] of different specifications initially increases and then decreases. The [Formula: see text] exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. It is reasonable to take about 1/8 of the wall thickness t for the mandrel/tube clearance. It is of great significance for guiding the bending forming of largesize nickel-based alloy chemical tubes and development of intelligent forming equipment.
Multifaceted simulation: Finite volume and finite element modeling of blood flow in multiple stenosed arteries
Authors: Haider Jamil Abbas , Ahmad Shahbaz , Gepreel Khaled A. , Rahman R. A.
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular illnesses are a primary global health concern because they are frequently brought on by arterial stenosis. The complicated hemodynamics of blood flow via elliptically shaped arteries with numerous stenotic lesions along their top and bottom walls are examined in this paper. Carreau fluid model is used with Navier–Stokes equations in this study. The complete comparative study is done by using the Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods. This study uses commercial software to examine blood flow velocity, pressure and temperature distributions under various physiological situations at Reynolds number 30. Our results illuminate the interaction between flow dynamics, stenosis characteristics, and arterial geometry. The novelty of the work is to investigate how stenosis size, shape, and location affect pressure gradients, and flow disturbances. These observations provide helpful direction for understanding disease progression, designing treatments, and possibly new stent designs. The future direction of this research may involve further exploration of the interplay between hemodynamics and arterial stenosis by incorporating advanced computational models. Additionally, studies focusing on in vivo validation and clinical applications could enhance the translational impact of the findings. Collaborations between researchers, clinicians, and engineers may pave the way for personalized treatment strategies and innovations in cardiovascular care based on a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics within diseased arteries.
Improved Association Rule Mining-based Data Sanitisation with Blockchain for Secured Supply Chain Management
Authors: Lahane Priti S. , Lahane Shivaji R.
Published: May 2024

A supply chain management (SCM) method must include information sharing as a vital component in order to improve supply chain performance and boost an organisation’s strategic advantage. Since, due to a lack of trust concern over information leakage, and security breaches by nefarious individuals or groups, several organisations are hesitant to share information with their supply chain partners. This work presents a new supply chain management-based secure data transmission method. By using blockchain-based data storage, it is assumed that the manufacturers, suppliers, and customers would transfer data that must be kept private during transmission. As a consequence, this paper aims to provide an improved association rule mining with a data sanitisation scheme with an improved Apriori algorithm used in the proposed data sanitisation process. In particular, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) will generate keys by considering the objective relying on the value of the preservation ratio, false rule generation, hiding failure, and degree of modification. The weights are adjusted via a novel Minkowski distance-based Namib beetle optimisation (MDNBO) technique, which also improves the performance of the LSTM model. The reverse process of encryption occurs when encrypted data are restored at the receiving end. By contrasting it with the old methods with regard to security as well, the proposed protected data in SCM with blockchain technology will be proved to be efficient.
Untold Intelligence: Tacit Knowledge and Marketing Success
Authors: Moon Moin Ahmad , Abbas Ansar
Published: May 2024

Salespersons are a source of invaluable market knowledge that can help change the course of organisational strategy. However, research on extracting this knowledge is scarce. Therefore, this research aims to develop and empirically test a model that explains the tacit knowledge exchange process between salespersons and marketing. Data were collected from 224 randomly selected business-to-business and business-to-consumer salespersons (boundary spanners) of commercial banks in Pakistan. Structural equation modelling (SEM) via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was conducted using AMOS 24. Except for inter-functional communication quality and inter-functional conflict, all antecedents significantly influence tacit knowledge exchange. Tacit knowledge exchange significantly affects relative efficiency, marketing program innovation and relative effectiveness. Training programs that bring together the sales and marketing employees to increase trust, increase socialisation opportunities and increase task conflict may strengthen the tacit knowledge exchange process in the banking sector.
MOTIVATING FOR INNOVATING: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REGULATORY FOCUS AND WORKPLACE INNOVATION
Authors: ALESSA HANAN S. , DURUGBO CHRISTOPHER M.
Published: May 2024

Understanding employee motivation is central to fostering workplace innovation (WPI) within firms for enhanced quality of working life and work performance. This research examines the relationship between WPI and the promotion and prevention orientations for motivation proposed by regulatory focus theory (RFT). Survey responses from 309 service industry employees and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) aid in empirically assessing this relationship. Survey results indicate a positive relationship between the promotion focus of RFT and the dimensions of WPI, but not the prevention focus. The study also finds empirical support for the relationship between regulatory focus and the innovative climate of service industry firms. Guided by these findings, this study encourages managers to savvily work on workplace climate-based development and promotion-based organisational designs for initiatives and action plans that foster WPI.
The giant Baerzhe rare-earth-element–Nb–Zr–Be deposit, Inner Mongolia, China, an Early Cretaceous analogue of the Strange Lake rare-metal deposit, Quebec
Authors: Wu Mingqian , Qiu Kunfeng , Diao Xi , Ma Jiadong , Yu Haocheng , An Maoguo , Zhi Chenglong , Krmíček Lukáš , Deng Jun
Published: May 2024

The Baerzhe deposit represents world-class mineralization of rare metals, in particular rare earth elements (REEs) and Nb, and shares mineralogical and geochemical similarities with the Strange Lake deposit in Canada. However, the mechanisms responsible for the rare-metal enrichment at Baerzhe are still under debate. Mineralization at Baerzhe is characterized by multiple stages of dissolution, re-precipitation and enrichment of rare-metal elements, as with the Strange Lake deposit. Zirconium was concentrated during magmatic fractionation of elpidite in a transsolvus agpaitic granite (Stage I), and was redistributed into zircon–quartz pseudomorphs during Na-metasomatism (Stage II). Rare earth elements, Nb and Be occur as a variety of mineral assemblages, mainly as pseudomorphs after complete replacement of unknown precursor minerals that are disseminated through the hematized transsolvus granites and were precipitated in three sequential stages (Stages III–V): Stage III is characterized by the mineralization of hingganite, aeschynite-(Y), columbite-(Fe) and euxenite-group minerals, accompanied by hematite alteration; the following Stage IV is defined mainly by monazite-(Ce) crystallization, and Stage V by the preceding REE minerals being replaced by light REE minerals (i.e. bastnäsite-(Ce) and fluocerite-(Ce)). The formation of various pseudomorphs as replacement for precursor minerals is also a common feature documented at Strange Lake. Our results call for a re-evaluation of the timing and role of meteoric waters at Baerzhe, which were suggested by previous researchers to have entered the ore-forming system prior to the mineralization of zircon. New
in situ
O isotopic analyses on pseudomorph-hosted mineral pairs and investigation of silicate melt–fluoride melt immiscibility through observations and analyses of melt inclusions could provide further insights into the nature of the Baerzhe system.
Late Palaeozoic high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series magmatism and related W(–Mo–Cu–Au) metallogeny of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan, Central Asia
Authors: Soloviev Serguei G.
Published: May 2024

In the Kyrgyz Tien Shan, numerous high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series intrusions are associated with the large fault system known as the ‘Major structural line of Tien Shan’, or ‘Nikolaev Line’. During the Carboniferous, this lineament represented a zone of intracontinental, possibly back-arc rifting associated with a north-dipping subduction, whereas in the Late Carboniferous to Permian it was part of a larger continental collision structure. These Late Paleozoic high-potassic intrusions comprise numerous intrusive phases that vary in composition from the early mafic (monzogabbro, monzodiorite) through intermediate (monzonite, syenite, quartz syenite) to late stage and more evolved (quartz monzonite, granodiorite, monzogranite, leucogranite–alaskite) members locally intersected by monzodiorite–porphyry and lamprophyre dykes. They can be related to low degrees (from ∼1–2 to 2–2.5 vol%) of partial melting of metasomatically enriched upper mantle followed by magma fractionation and emplacement at shallower crustal levels. In summary, the high-K magmas formed in continental- and post-collisional arc settings with a progressive input of crustal material. From the west to the east, the potassic intrusions contain progressively higher Nb and Y concentrations, reflecting their derivation in a post-collisional setting. The A-type granite signatures also become more distinct in this direction. This is consistent with the tectonic model implying the ‘scissor-like’ closure of the Late Paleozoic Turkestan palaeo-ocean from east to west. These high-potassic intrusions are accompanied by W–Mo–Cu–Au skarn/porphyry to Au(–W) replacement-style deposits, which are part of the extended Au (Au–W–Mo–Cu) metallogenic belt of Tien Shan. The association of skarn and porphyry-style W–Mo to Mo–Cu–Au–W mineralization defines these ‘porphyry–skarn’ systems as a distinct group containing strongly oxidized andradite-dominant skarns. An early W partitioning into magmatic–hydrothermal fluid, together with Mo and Cu, is typical of this magmatic–hydrothermal system and can be explained by an early H
2
O saturation of the parental magma. The late-stage mafic dykes including lamprophyres probably reflect the presence of another, but concealed, mafic intrusion releasing CO
2
and metals, such as Au, As, Sb, Bi and Te, into the hydrothermal mineral system.
40 Years of Eye Typing: Challenges, Gaps, and Emergent Strategies
Authors: Hamid Aleesha , Kristensson Per Ola
Published: May 2024

Gaze interaction enables users to communicate through eye tracking, and is often the only channel of effective and efficient communication for individuals with severe motor disabilities. While there has been significant research and development of eye typing systems, in the context of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), there is no comprehensive review that integrates the key findings from the variety of aspects that constitute the complex landscape of gaze communication. This paper presents a detailed review and characterization of the literature and aims to consolidate the disparate efforts to provide eye typing solutions for AAC users. We provide a systematic understanding of the components and functionalities that underpin eye typing solutions, and analyze the interplay of the different facets and their role in shaping the user-experience, accessibility, performance, and overall effectiveness of eye typing technology. We also identify the major challenges and highlight several areas that require further research attention.
Automated Assesment of Eye-hand Coordination Skill using a Vertical Tracing Task on a Gaze-sensitive Human Computer Interaction Platform for children with Autism
Authors: Rane Dharma , Singh Madhu , Lahiri Uttama
Published: May 2024

Children with Autism often demonstrate atypical gaze pattern and eye-hand coordination skill deficits marked by difficulties in reaching out for an object, tracing on a vertically mounted canvas, etc. Currently existing conventional methods can assess one's coordination skill during hand movement in 3D-space. But such methods can be subjective and devoid of gaze tracking. Investigation of coordination skill and gaze tracking of this target group in tasks set in 3D-space has been largely unexplored. To quantitatively assess one's eye-hand coordination skill, we have designed Virtual Reality-based Automated gaze-sensitive Tool that can help understand the linkage between their gaze and 3D performance. Results of a study with 10 pairs of age-matched children with Autism (GroupASD) and typically developing children (GroupTD) showed that GroupASD demonstrated reduced eye-hand coordination skill (increased tracing error in vertical tracing task) accompanied with reduced fixation duration on task-relevant regions and atypical gaze path than GroupTD.
PrivatEyes: Appearance-based Gaze Estimation Using Federated Secure Multi-Party Computation
Authors: Elfares Mayar , Reisert Pascal , Hu Zhiming , Tang Wenwu , Küsters Ralf , Bulling Andreas
Published: May 2024

Latest gaze estimation methods require large-scale training data but their collection and exchange pose significant privacy risks. We propose PrivatEyes - the first privacy-enhancing training approach for appearance-based gaze estimation based on federated learning (FL) and secure multi-party computation (MPC). PrivatEyes enables training gaze estimators on multiple local datasets across different users and server-based secure aggregation of the individual estimators' updates. PrivatEyes guarantees that individual gaze data remains private even if a majority of the aggregating servers is malicious. We also introduce a new data leakage attack DualView that shows that PrivatEyes limits the leakage of private training data more effectively than previous approaches. Evaluations on the MPIIGaze, MPIIFaceGaze, GazeCapture, and NVGaze datasets further show that the improved privacy does not lead to a lower gaze estimation accuracy or substantially higher computational costs - both of which are on par with its non-secure counterparts.
Teaching Eye Tracking: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Burch Michael , Kurzhals Kuno
Published: May 2024

Eye tracking studies are more complicated to design, conduct, and to evaluate than traditional studies solely based on performance measures like error rates and response times. This is typically due to the more complex hardware setup, the calibration procedures, and the spatio-temporal nature of the recorded data that must be analyzed, visualized, or statistically evaluated. As a benefit, eye movement data contains patterns of visual attention over space and time that are not observable in standard error rates, completion times, and qualitative feedback. Students in the field of visualization, human-computer interaction, and user experience represent an interest group that would benefit from the application of eye tracking during their studies and in their future careers. Consequently, instructing them how to design, setup, conduct, and evaluate an eye tracking study is of special interest to current researchers involved in teaching. We describe education in eye tracking in five courses with 79 students from bachelor, master, and PhD levels. We outline our concept and discuss the challenges to raise people with no experience in eye tracking to a level of knowledge that allows them to apply this emerging technology to different scenarios including visual stimuli and related research questions. We discuss our teaching strategy in two course setups (summer school and traditional university lecture), the results of the students' eye tracking studies, and which challenges they and the teachers faced during the course.
Analytic rotation-invariant modelling of anisotropic finite elements
Authors: Lin Huancheng , Chitalu Floyd M. , Komura Taku
Published: May 2024

Anisotropic hyperelastic distortion energies are used to solve many problems in fields like computer graphics and engineering with applications in shape analysis, deformation, design, mesh parameterization, biomechanics, and more. However, formulating a robust anisotropic energy that is low order and yet sufficiently non-linear remains a challenging problem for achieving the convergence promised by Newton-type methods in numerical optimization. In this article, we propose a novel analytic formulation of an anisotropic energy that is smooth everywhere, low order, rotationally invariant, and at least twice differentiable. At its core, our approach utilizes implicit rotation factorizations with invariants of the Cauchy-Green tensor that arises from the deformation gradient. The versatility and generality of our analysis is demonstrated through a variety of examples, where we also show that the constitutive law suggested by the anisotropic version of the well-known
As-Rigid-As-Possible
energy is the foundational parametric description of both passive and active elastic materials. The generality of our approach means that we can systematically derive the force and force-Jacobian expressions for use in implicit and quasistatic numerical optimization schemes, and we can also use our analysis to rewrite, simplify, and speed up several existing anisotropic
and
isotropic distortion energies with guaranteed inversion safety.