bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peace agreements in armed conflicts: focusing on finding a solution to the conflict incompatibility
Authors: Hogbladh S.
Published: December 2021

The Uppsala Conflict Data Program’s (UCDP) Peace Agreement Dataset was first published in 2006. Its main goal was to provide the research community with a dataset on peace agreements that was not linked to conflict termination, i. e. included both successful and failed agreements. The latest update of the dataset includes 355 peace agreements concluded in the 1975–2018 period. A number of studies have been based on the dataset over the years. The dataset is unique in its strict connection to the UCDP conflict data and in its focus on the conflict dyad, actors, and the conflict incompatibility. The dataset’s focus on only those agreements that involve the dyadic relationship between primary warring parties – between governments and rebel groups or between two governments – has direct policy implications, as it is exactly these parties who need to change their stances on incompatibilities in order to solve a conflict. Also, the Peace Agreement Dataset’s focus on agreements that address the key incompatibilities contested by the parties allow it to distinguish peace agreements on other negotiated deals, including ceasefires, and to differentiate between full, partial and peace process agreements. Finally, the analysis of key trends in peace agreements is presented. It shows that in contrast to the previous historical peak in the number of armed conflicts back in the early 1990s that corresponded to the peak in annual numbers of peace agreements, the new peak in annual numbers of armed conflicts in the late 2010s was not matched by a similar rise in peace agreements.
Evolution of the Biden administration’s approach to Iran nuclear deal and prospects for regional peace
Authors: Mousavian S. , Mahmoudieh Y.
Published: December 2021

Public statements and a campaign promise made by the Joe Biden’s team raised hopes of the U.S. return to the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), early in his presidency. As a result, expectations of the sanctions relief and impending diplomatic breakthrough with Iran quickly mounted after President Biden’s victory. However, a closer look at the emerging evidence reveals that the new administration initially intended to return to the JCPOA with a different Iran strategy, one of coercion and pressure. Due to former President Trump’s “maximum pressure” campaign against Iran, the JCPOA was practically dead. It then had to be revived. The article inspects key factors that were successful in changing the Biden administration’s policy towards a more realistic and cooperative approach. However, this delay on Biden’s part was not without consequences and has major implications for relations with Iran, as well as the implementation of the JCPOA.
Forecasting secessions though mathematical modeling
Authors: Tokarev A.
Published: December 2021

The article outlines and discusses the universal mathematical model created by the author and allowing to predict scenarios for post-Soviet secessions and, more broadly, to forecast secession potentials of any complex subnational regional units. The objects of forecasting are de facto states and different kinds of polities with failed statehood, analyzed through the prism of the “parent state – secession – patron state” triangle. The main research method is quantification of secession factors, which enables a researcher to measure the impacts of objective and subjective conditions on the course and results of secessions through the use of specific variables and indicators. As described in mathematical terms, the model has two extremes: “ideal secession” and “ideal anti-secession”.
MUJER Y SALVACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA. UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE EL TESTIMONIO DE EXPERIENCIAS VIVIDAS
Authors: Martinez-Gayol Fernandez Nurya
Published: December 2021

El propósito de esta contribución es afrontar la cuestión de la salvación contemplada y vivida desde la perspectiva de las mujeres latinoamericanas. El contenido es el resultado de una investigación realizada desde la aportación de las propias mujeres en un trabajo de campo, cuyo análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo he tratado de verifi car, a través de una “muestra de contraste” realizada a un grupo de varones. Desde la lectura de este, trato de concluir poniendo en evidencia una coincidencia básica, a nivel teórico, de la visión de la salvación entre varones y mujeres, así como algunos rasgos particulares que se destacan en la experiencia de salvación vivida por las mujeres.
EL MÉTODO CUALITATIVO EN LA TEOLOGÍA FEMINISTA. LA EXPERIENCIA DE LAS MUJERES Y UN DIÁLOGO COM STEPHANIE KLEIN SOBRE SU ESCUCHA
Authors: Azcuy Virginia
Published: December 2021

En el marco de una investigación en curso sobre el método cualitativo en teología, este artículo se propone mostrar la pertinencia de este método en el ámbito de la teología feminista cristiana, con particular atención a la experiencia de las mujeres. Entre los presupuestos de la refl exión se asume una epistemología feminista, en vistas a la elucidación crítica de la experiencia de las mujeres como elemento clave en el método teológico, de manera que se haga visible el sesgo opresivo del contexto socio-cultural y religioso androcéntrico y las aspiraciones de liberación de las mujeres en él. A su vez se considera la experiencia de la womenchurch o Iglesia de las mujeres como movimiento histórico de solidaridad entre mujeres y con varones, en vistas a una plena liberación de la humanidad. La exigencia de un relevamiento científico de estas experiencias conduce a la necesidad de justificar el valor, la utilidad, y la eficacia de la investigación cualitativa en la teología feminista, con atención a algunos desarrollos representativos en diversos contextos. Junto a otras autoras como Ada María Isasi-Díaz y Rebecca Chopp, se destaca el aporte de Stephanie Klein por mostrar la función sanadora y empoderadora de la “escucha peligrosa” que puede asumir una teología mediada por el método cualitativo, para renovar su discurso a partir de las diversas y dolientes experiencias de mujeres que buscan liberación.
Sociología y política de las «Sardinas». Un caso de estudio, entre comunicación y lógica participativa, de un movimiento social posmoderno en Italia
Authors: Paltrinieri Roberta
Published: December 2021

Las sardinas representaron una innovación significativa en el panorama político italiano. Y una extremadamente acelerado. Este movimiento social posmoderno surgió en el otoño de 2019 en Bolonia “declarando la guerra” (de manera simbólica) a Matteo Salvini, y tratando de evitar la victoria de la Liga y los partidos de derecha en las elecciones regionales de Emilia Romagna. La movilización fue realmente exitosa, introduciendo en gran medida este nuevo movimiento en el debate político nacional y en el discurso mediático. Ha introducido también algunas perspectivas originales en comparación con la última historia de movilización de la sociedad civil en Italia.

El artículo aborda los siguientes temas: las raíces y génesis de las sardinas; el desarrollo contradictorio (aunque realmente exitoso) y el camino potencial y problemático hacia el proceso de institucionalización; las estrategias de comunicación, la auto-narrativa y el discurso político; la metamorfosis organizativa y política que implica la evolución pandémica.
A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis Based on a New Expression of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: December 2021

The completed zeta function $\xi(s)$ is expanded in MacLaurin series (infinite polynomial), which can be further expressed as infinite product (Hadamard product) of quadratic factors by its complex conjugate zeros $\alpha_i\pm j\beta_i, \beta_i\neq 0, i\in \mathbb{N}$ are natural numbers, from $1$ to infinity, $\mathbb{N}$ is the set of natural numbers. Then, according to the functional equation $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, we have $$\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)} =\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}$$ which, by Lemma 3 and Corollary 1, is equivalent to $$(s-\alpha_i)^2 = (1-s-\alpha_i)^2, i \in \mathbb{N}$$ with solution $\alpha_i= \frac{1}{2}, i\in \mathbb{N}$ (another solution $s=\frac{1}{2}$ is invalid due to obvious contradiction). Thus, a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis is achieved.
Mind Your Outcomes: The ∆Q approach to Quality-Centric Systems Development and Its Application to a Blockchain Case-Study
Authors: HAERI Seyed Hossein , Thompson Peter , Davies Neil , Van Roy Peter , Hammond Kevin , Chapman James
Published: December 2021

This paper directly addresses a critical issue that affects the development of many complex distributed software systems: how to establish quickly, cheaply and reliably whether they will deliver their intended performance before expending significant time, effort and money on detailed design and implementation. We describe ΔQSD, a novel metrics-based and quality-centric paradigm that uses formalised outcome diagrams to explore the performance consequences of design decisions, as a performance blueprint of the system. The ΔQSD paradigm is both effective and generic: it allows values from various sources to be combined in a rigorous way, so that approximate results can be obtained quickly and subsequently refined. ΔQSD has been successfully used by Predictable Network Solutions for consultancy on large-scale applications in a number of industries, including telecommunications, avionics, and space and defence, resulting in cumulative savings of $Bs. The paper outlines the ΔQSD paradigm, describes its formal underpinnings, and illustrates its use via a topical real-world example taken from the blockchain/cryptocurrency domain, where application of this approach enabled an advanced distributed proof-of-stake system to meet challenging throughput targets.
Vaccine hesitancy among Sudanese parents and its association with the uptake of measles vaccine
Authors: Sabahelzain Majdi M. , Moukhyer Mohamed , van den Borne Bart , Bosma Hans
Published: December 2021

Vaccine uptake is one of the indicators that has been used to guide immunization programs. This study aimed to evaluate whether the measles vaccine uptake is predicted by measles vaccine hesitancy. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban districts in Khartoum state in February 2019. Measles vaccine uptake among children was measured as either fully vaccinated or partially/not vaccinated. The Parents Attitude about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) scale was used to measure measles vaccine hesitancy. Multivariate logistic regression was run to identify the predictors of measles vaccination uptake controlling for sociodemographic variables and the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CI were calculated. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was performed, besides area under the curve (AUC) for the PACV was computed. Data was collected from 495 participants. We found that measles vaccine hesitancy (PACV scores) predicted the uptake of measles vaccine after controlling other potential social confounders such as mother’s age and the number of children (aOR 1.055, 95% CI 1.028-1.028). Additionally, the ROC for the PACV yielded area under the curve (AUC 0.686 (95% CI 0.620-0.751, P <0.001). Our findings show that measles vaccine hesitancy in Sudan directly influences the uptake of the measles vaccine. Addressing the determinants of vaccine hesitancy through communication strategies will improve vaccine uptake.
GPS: Improvement in the Formulation of the TSP for Its Generalizations Type QUBO
Authors: Gonzalez-Bermejo Saúl , Alonso-Linaje Guillermo , Atchade-Adelomou Parfait
Published: December 2021

We propose a new binary formulation of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), with which we overcame the best formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in terms of the minimum number of necessary variables. Furthermore, we present a detailed study of the constraints used and compare our model (GPS) with other frequent formulations (MTZ and native formulation). Finally, we have carried out a coherence and efficiency check of the proposed formulation by running it on a quantum annealing computer, D-Wave\_2000Q6.
Application of a Program to Promote Personal Development and Self-Awareness in Future Physical Education Teachers of the Degree in Education and Its Relationship with Wisdom
Authors: Arteaga-Checa Milagros , Palop-Montoro Maria Victoria , Manzano-Sánchez David
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present study was to apply an intervention program based on emotional ed-ucation and self-knowledge, in students of the degree in Education to verify changes in wisdom. For this, the 3S-WS questionnaire was administered before and after 8 weeks of intervention, an-alyzing aspects related to affective, cognitive and reflective wisdom. The sample consisted of 100 students (40 men and 60 women, aged between 20 and 29 years). After the intervention program, students improved reflective wisdom without difference between sexes. On the other hand, men had higher values in all variables than women. In conclusion, the program to improve personal development and self-awareness could be useful to improve wisdom (especially reflective wis-dom) in 3rd and 4th year students of the degree in Education, specializing in Physical Education. At the same time, it is intended that these students understand the foundations of the intervention so that in the future it can be replicated in their classrooms and contribute to the sustainable de-velopment of the 2030 Agenda.
Airborne Alt a 1 Dynamic and Its Relationship With the Airborne Dynamics of Alternaria Conidia and Pleosporales Spores
Authors: De Linares Concepción , Navarro David , Puigdemunt Rut , Belmonte Jordina
Published: December 2021

Fungal spores are universal atmospheric components associated to allergic reactions. Alternaria (Ascomycota) is considered the most allergenic spore taxa. Alt a 1 is the major allergen of Alternaria and is present also in other Pleosporales. In this study, standard Hirst-based sampling and analyzing methods for measuring spore daily concentrations of Alternaria, Curvularia, Drechslera-Helminthosporium, Epicoccum, Leptosphaeria, Pithomyces, Pleospora and Stemphyllium (all included in the taxon Pleosporales) have been used besides two high-volume samplers, Burkard Cyclone (2017) and MCV CAV-A/mb (2019-2020), and ELISA Kits for measuring the allergen. The detection and quantification of Alt a 1 was only possible in the samples from the MCV sampler. Although Alt a 1 was better correlated with Alternaria spores than with Pleosporales spores, the three of them showed high correlations. It is shown, for the first time, a high and significant correlation of Alt a 1 with temperature, a negative one with relative humidity and no correlation with precipitation. The aerobiological monitoring of these three elements ensures the best information for understanding the affectation to allergy sufferers but, if not possible, as a minimum public health service aiming at the detection, treatment and prevention of allergy, the study of the airborne Alternaria spores should be ensured.
Pathogen-Free PTI Induction with a Plant Conditioner
Authors: Decsi Kincső , Kutasy Barbara , Kiniczky Márta , Hegedűs Géza , Alföldi Zoltán , Kálmán Nikoletta , Nagy Ágnes , Thomas-Nyári Zsófia , Virág Eszter
Published: December 2021

The effects of ELICE16INDURES, a well-known plant conditioner developed by the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd. Budakalasz, Hungary, were studied in a soybean population. The active ingredients of the compound have been selected to help elicit general immunity in plants without pathogenic damage, thereby roborizing the healthy plant population and preparing it for possible future biotic stressors. Here we have analyzed changes in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of metabolic pathways that induce and regulate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) at two different time points and treatments. Twenty-three different enzymes were analyzed that catalyze different metabolic pathways, such as the biosyntheses of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and phytoalexin biosynthesis and cellular detoxification processes. Bioinformatical softwares werw used to analyze the results. It has been found that some of the primary defense mechanisms (e.g., Mitogen-Activated-Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, flavonoid and phytoalexin biosynthesis, etc.) that intensify following the attack of pathogens can be activated without the intrusion of the actual pathogen by an immunochemical. Thus, we proved that plant resistance can be artificially conditioned.
Indigenous education in the Arctic regions of Russia: response to pandemics
Authors: Sitnikova Natalia V. , Nikolaeva Alla D.
Published: December 2021

The article actualizes the problems of organizing distance learning in the education system of indigenous peoples, including those leading a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle with their parents, in the context of transformation lessons of the pandemic. The authors present the results of the 2020-2021 study of the situation with distant learning in the Arctic regions of Russia (case of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The information was taken from monitoring, questionairies and interviews with teachers, students and education management officers. The research aims to prove inequality but find measures to improve the situation. The authors draw up the prospects for transformation to digital educational environment in remote places and see if we could minimize inequality and social unjustice between children living in the central territories and in the most remote, isolated places of traditional residence of the indigenous small-numbered peoples, including those who lead a nomadic lifestyle with their parents.
Genetic instability of the Omicron strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Authors: Semyonov D
Published: December 2021

Among the mutations found in the Omicron strain, the results of cytosine deamination

dominate. There is a mutation in the nsp14 gene. These two facts suggest that the omicron strain has an impaired repair system. The instability of the genome of the Omicron strain to the action of APOBEC deaminases will most likely lead to the degradation of this strain. However, the same mutations have led to several dangerous properties of the Omicron strain. It is proposed to use the instability of the Omicron strain to deamination of cytosine for the prevention of a severe course of the disease.
Factors Affecting the Risk of Aseptic Patellar Complications in Primary TKA Performed with Cemented All-Polyethylene Patellar Resurfacing
Authors: Limberg Afton K. , Tibbo Meagan E. , Ollivier Matthieu , Tammachote Nattapol , Abdel Matthew P. , Berry Daniel J.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Patellar complications are a consequential cause of failure of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of demographic and patient factors with the long-term risk of patellar complications as a function of time in a very large cohort of primary TKAs performed with patellar resurfacing.

Methods:

We identified 27,192 primary TKAs utilizing cemented all-polyethylene patellar components that were performed at a single institution from 1977 through 2015. We evaluated the risk of any aseptic patellar complication and any aseptic patellar reoperation or revision, subanalyzed risks of reoperation or revision for loosening, maltracking/instability, and wear, and evaluated the risk of clinical diagnosis of patellar fracture and clunk/crepitus. The mean age at TKA was 68 years (range, 18 to 99 years); 57% of the patients were female. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 32 kg/m2. The primary diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 83%, and 70% of the TKAs were posterior-stabilized. Median follow-up was 7 years (range, 2 to 40 years). Risk factors for each outcome were evaluated with Cox regression models.

Results:

Nine hundred and seventy-seven knees with all-polyethylene patellae developed patellar complications. Survivorship free from any aseptic patellar complication was 93.3% at 20 years. Twenty-year survivorship free from any aseptic patellar reoperation was 97.3% and free from any aseptic patellar revision was 97.4%. Fifteen-year survivorship for the same end points for procedures performed from 2000 to 2015 was 95.7%, 99.2% and 99.3% respectively, representing substantial improvements compared with implants placed before 2000. Univariate analysis demonstrated that male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4), an age of <65 years (HR, 1.3), and a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 (HR, 1.2) were associated with increased risk of patellar complications (all p ≤0.01). Posterior-stabilized designs were associated with fewer patellar reoperations and revisions overall (HR, 0.4 and 0.4; p < 0.001) but higher risk of patellar clunk/crepitus (HR, 14.1; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The 20-year survivorship free from any aseptic patellar complication in this series of cemented all-polyethylene patellae was 93%. Important risk factors for any aseptic patellar complication were male sex, an age of <65 years, a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2, and a patella implanted before 2000.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Epidemic Amidst a Pandemic: Musculoskeletal Firearm Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Inclan Paul M. , Velicki Katherine , Christ Ryan , Miller Anna N. , Brogan David M. , Dy Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted the delivery of health care, both through direct care associated with COVID-19 and through more pervasive effects. Our goal was to evaluate whether the number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries differed during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the same period in prior years. We hypothesized that the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the same period in prior years, would have a higher number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries and a lower rate of outpatient follow-up after consultations.

Methods:

A prospectively collected database of orthopaedic trauma consultations at a level-I trauma center was queried for firearm injuries. We compared the number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injury during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 23, 2020, to September 30, 2020, referred to as the pandemic group) with identical dates from 2017 to 2019 (referred to as the pre-pandemic group). Outpatient follow-up rates, ZIP codes (and associated Area Deprivation Index), and demographic data were compared between the pandemic group and the pre-pandemic group.

Results:

During the entire study period, 552 orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries were identified. There was a 63% increase in the daily mean number of firearm injury consultations in the pandemic group, to 1.01, compared with the pre-pandemic group, 0.62 (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the rate of outpatient follow-up: 66% for the pandemic group and 72% for the pre-pandemic group. There was no difference in the percentage of patients from the most socially deprived decile: 45.3% in the pandemic group and 49.5% in the pre-pandemic group. Patients presenting during the pandemic were more often uninsured (75.8%) relative to the pre-pandemic group (67.9%), with a lack of health insurance significantly decreasing the likelihood of outpatient follow-up (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Compared with the same period in prior years, there was a significant increase in the number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in our community. Patient race, socioeconomic status, and outpatient follow-up were similar between the pandemic group and the pre-pandemic group. There was a higher proportion of uninsured patients within the pandemic group and a lower rate of follow-up among those without insurance.
LA INCLUSIÓN COMO FACTOR DE ÉXITO EN EL PROCESO EDUCATIVO DE NIÑOS CON NECESIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIALES: PERCEPCIONES Y ACTITUDES DEL PROFESOR DE 1er CICLO DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA
Authors: PAULO ESTRELA , MARTINS ROSA , SILVA MARISA
Published: December 2021

La necesidad cada vez más relevante de una escuela inclusiva, ha derivado en cambios en los entornos de aprendizaje y en el papel de los docentes. Con este estudio hemos querido conocer las percepciones y actitudes de los maestros del 1er ciclo de la educación básica en relación a la inclusión de los estudiantes. Las respuestas se obtuvieron a través de una encuesta, donde los encuestados fueron 56 maestros del 1er ciclo de la educación básica, se incluyeron conocimientos sobre los aspectos generales de la inclusión relacionados con el concepto de beneficios, la capacidad de los profesores para responder a las demandas de los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales y con recursos, tiempo y conocimiento (formación) necesarios para la aplicación de las prácticas inclusivas. De los resultados obtenidos se observó que los docentes, aunque reconocen la necesidad de formación en su conjunto, están a favor de una escuela inclusiva, del derecho a la igualdad y del aprendizaje, conscientes de que sus prácticas pueden influir en el rendimiento y el éxito de los niños con necesidades educativas especiales.
EL USO DE MAPAS PARA LA METACOGNICIÓN, LA PLANIFICACIÓN DOCENTE Y LA REFLEXIÓN EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE
Authors: GACIU NICOLETA
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo pretende proporcionar un marco útil para la planificación de la docencia, la reflexión y la metacognición usando mapas para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El resultado de este proceso toma la forma de un mapa de planificación, seguimiento y reflexión (PRM por sus siglas en inglés), que puede ayudar a los docentes en formación para realizar una evaluación sistemática de su enseñanza, así como a reflexionar sobre el proceso de instrucción de la manera más constructiva posible. La finalidad de emplear los mapas PRM radica en estimular la reflexión de los docentes en formación para evaluar determinados aspectos de los cuatro dominios principales de aprendizaje: cognitivo, afectivo, psicomotor y metacognitivo. El proceso en su conjunto promoverá el pensamiento reflexivo y permitirá que los docentes en formación obtengan una rica fuente de ideas que pueden emplearse a la hora de tomar decisiones acerca de las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas que ellos y sus estudiantes (desde los 10 hasta los 19 años) pueden emplear para realizar sus tareas.
THE DILEMMA OF REPLACING TRADITIONAL CALLIGRAPHIC SKILLS WITH TECHNOLOGY IN THE TEACHING OF WRITING
Authors: Franco-Mariscal Antonio-Joaquín , Hierrezuelo-Osorio José Manuel , Cruz-Lorite Isabel María , Cebrián-Robles Daniel
Published: December 2021

A dilemma concerning the replacement of calligraphy with technology to teach how to write was posed to 312 pre-service Spanish infant and elementary school teachers (PSTs). A series of arguments of a different nature taken from educational professionals were provided to provide the decision-making stage with a solid ground. 60% of PSTs defended their decision on the basis of opinion rather than scientific sources. Pearson’s chi-squared test did not show any significant differences when comparing qualification and age with the decision adopted or the nature of the argument. Differences were found in women exhibiting lesser preference for change. As conclusion, we found that there is no consensus amongst PSTs with regards to change. This reinforces the need for the educational community to make an effort to try to improve decision-making and the argumentation skills in PSTs.
REDESCUBRIENDO EL CANON A TRAVÉS DE LA TRADUCCIÓN. EL CANON DESDE UNA ÓPTICA DE GÉNERO COMO RECURSO DIDÁCTICO
Authors: Tinedo Rodríguez Antonio Jesús
Published: December 2021

El canon literario es un conjunto de textos que tienen una gran importancia en el ámbito educativo puesto que se transmiten generación tras generación. El objetivo de este estudio es crear un corpus textual basado en una selección de fragmentos traducidos del griego clásico al español de forma que el profesorado de diferentes etapas y de asignaturas de corte humanístico pueda hacer uso tanto de estos textos como de sus análisis. Para realizar la selección textual se ha llevado a cabo una lectura de las traducciones y de artículos de referencia sobre literatura clásica. El resultado obtenido ha sido la selección de cinco fragmentos de poemas clásicos con sus correspondientes análisis literarios. Se pretende que estos fragmentos y sus análisis sean un base para que el profesorado pueda hacer una transposición didáctica de los mismos. A modo de conclusión, teniendo presente la legislación educativa, se hace necesario profundizar en el canon literario desde una perspectiva feminista para visibilizar y dar presencia a las mujeres a través de la literatura y de la traducción. Es necesario profundizar en otros periodos literarios de forma que el profesorado cuente con un canon sólido de autoras.
New Findings of Lower Cambrian Trilobites in the Southern Hövsgöl Area (Mongolia) and Their Significance for Stratigraphy and Interregional Correlation
Authors: Korovnikov I.V. , Lazarev F.D.
Published: December 2021

—Based on the materials collected by L.N. Repina in the southern Hövsgöl area (Mongolia) in 1986–1988, we describe three sections and identify lower Cambrian trilobites. The sections of Mt. Hurtel Harna and along the Ujigin Gol River were studied earlier. We consider trilobites that have been found in these sections for the first time: Redlihia zharkovi, Lermontoviella shanganica, Erbia granulosa, Kootenia siberica, and Parapoulsenia lata. The section along the ravine of the Zuun-Shuvuutyn-Sair Brook and the findings of trilobites in it are described for the first time. The found new trilobites make it possible to correlate the coeval lower Cambrian strata in the southern Hövsgöl area, Altai–Sayan folded area, and western Siberian Platform and refine the age of the certain parts of the Egyin Gol, Ukhaa Tolgoi, and Ujigin Gol formations.
Influences of the Earth’s Magnetic Field on the Transient Electromagnetic Process in the Geoelectric Field: an Experimental Study
Authors: Mogilatov V.S. , Potapov V.V. , Shein A.N. , Gur’ev V.A.
Published: December 2021

—A mathematical model of the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field (the Hall effect) on results of the controlled source transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has been elaborated. For identification of this effect, we propose a schematic layout of the experimental grounded system with a pulsed loop source and signals recording by radial receive lines equally spaced relative to the loop. The 2018–2019 special field experiments were conducted in the Tatar region of the West Siberian Lowland with an aim to estimate the Hall effect contributions to the TEM method. To detect the Hall effect, transient electromagnetic responses were measured mainly by four receive lines radiating from a 500×500 m square loop. Analysis of the TEM results processing aimed at improving the signal quality and reducing the interference revealed a great similarity in signals from the radial lines, which is theoretically possible only under the Hall effect. Comparison of the field signals with the theoretical ones enabled estimation of the components caused by the Hall effect, in particular, conductivity at ~0.002 S/m.
A Case of Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor
Authors: Soon Jon Michael Vincent , Carnate Jr. Jose
Published: December 2021

Among the ghost cell lesions, Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumors (DGCT) are among the rarest. We report a case of a 45-year-old Filipino man, who presented with a right mandibular mass. Microscopic examination showed a solid neoplasm composed of islands of odontogenic epithelium with areas showing aberrant keratinization forming ghost cells and dentinoid material. We also discuss the pertinent differential diagnosis of ghost cell-containing odontogenic tumors. We report this case due to its rarity, its morphological resemblance to ameloblastoma, and its potential for malignant transformation.
Prospective Interventional Non-Comparative Non-Randomized Clinical Study of A Topical Synergic Compound to Mitigate Presbyopia Effects
Authors: Galeana Cesar A Sanchez
Published: December 2021

Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel compound with low -dose pilocarpine, brimonidine and oxymetazoline (PBO) in the near vision of a group of healthy presbyopic individuals. Design Prospective, consecutive, noncomparative, nonrandomized interventional study. Subjects Twenty-six healthy presbyopic patients presented from August to September 2021 to our clinic and were willing to participate in the study. Methods PBO compound was instilled in both eyes to assess its effect in near vision one hour after instillation.Main Outcome Measures Under corrected near visual acuity using the Jaeger notation, under corrected and corrected distance visual acuity, photopic and scotopic pupil diameter was registered before and one hour after instillation of the compound. Results Baseline binocular Jaeger notation was 5.86 +/-1.39 SD range (3-9). One hour after drop instillation, binocular Jaeger was 2.53 +/ 1.71 SD range (1 – 6) (p ≤ 0.0001) Lines gained 3.30 +/-1.40 SD range (0 – 6). Mean photopic pupilar diameter was 3.69 mm +/- 0.67 SD range (2.5 – 5 mm). Mean scotopic pupilar diameter was 4.61 mm +/- 0.78 SD range (3 – 6 mm). The mean photopic pupilar diameter was 2.27 mm +/-052 SD (1.5 – 3) (p ≤ 0.000). Scotopic pupilar diameter was 2.63 mm +/-0.53 SD range (2 – 3) (p ≤ 0.000). One patient reported no improvement in near vision. (3.8%). One patient reported dim vision rated 5 in a VAS (1 –10) (3.8%). Conclusion Low-dose pilocarpine, brimonidine, and oxymetazoline showed efficacy, improving near-distance vision one hour after instillation in a group of presbyopic patients, and safety showed few and transient secondary effects.
The Risk-Benefit Ratio of Leech Therapy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Fillatre A. , Floug Q. , Assaf N. , Sinna R. , Hedhli K. , Vacher H. , Hamdad Farida
Published: December 2021

Background: Venous congestion in transplanted or replanted tissues remains a common and challenging complication of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The local application of medicinal leeches is effective in reducing postoperative venous congestion in skin flaps and restoring normal blood flow. However, leech therapy is associated with a number of risks, including infections; in order to digest blood, leeches have a symbiotic relationship with Aeromonas species in their gut. Aeromonas infections are associated with a dramatic decrease in flap salvage rates. This is why prophylactic antibiotic treatment and external decontamination of the leeches are widely recommended. Methods: We performed a single retrospective study of patients having undergone leech therapy between January 1st, 2010, and December 31st, 2018, at Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, France. Each patient’s medical history, clinical data, laboratory results, prophylactic antibiotic use, and complications were recorded.Results: A total of 37 patients (mean age: 47) had undergone leech therapy after reconstructive surgery. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was documented in 32 (84.6%) patients. However, there are no guidelines on the choice of prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Twenty-four of the 37 (64.8 %) patients had anemia (mean hemoglobin level: 8.5 (6-11.1) g/dL), and 13 of the 24 (54%) required a transfusion. Thirteen of the 37 patients (35.1%) had a post-operative infection mainly due to Aeromonas spp. (76.9%). Leech therapy was effective in 23 of the 37 patients (62%) overall and in 2 of the 10 patients (20%) with an Aeromonas infection. The association between Aeromonas infection and flap salvage failure was highly significant (p = 0.005).Conclusions: The results of the study emphasized that clinical bacteriologists and surgeons should be aware that leeches are potential sources of infection.
Dominance Structure Plays a Leading Role In Shaping Community Stability In The Northern Tibetan Grasslands
Authors: Hou Ge , Shi Peili , Zong Ning , Zhou Tiancai , Song Minghua , Zhang Xianzhou
Published: December 2021

Dominant species may strongly influence biotic conditions and interact with other species, and thus are important drivers of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, particularly in the stressed environment of alpine grasslands. However, the effects of dominant species and its derived dominance structure on the community stability remain poorly understood. We examined the temporal stability of above-ground productivity (2014-2020 year) and biotic stability mechanisms in the Northern Tibetan grasslands with changing species composition and dominance structure along a precipitation gradient. Our results showed that community stability was significantly higher in the alpine meadow than the other types of grasslands. This difference was mainly attributed to higher compensatory effect and selection effect of dominant species in the mesic meadows. Furthermore, dominant structure strongly affected community stability through increasing dominant species stability and species asynchrony. However, species richness had almost little effect. Our findings demonstrate that dominant species, as foundation species, may play leading roles in shaping community stability in the alpine grasslands, highlighting the importance of conserving dominant species for stable ecosystem functioning in these fragile ecosystems under increasing environmental fluctuations.
Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Multifactor Low Speed Heavy Load Gear System with Temperature Effect Considered
Authors: Wang Jungang , Shan Zhengang , Chen Sheng
Published: December 2021

Low-speed and heavy-duty gears will generate a lot of heat during meshing transmission, which will cause thermal deformation of the gears and affect the transmission performance of the gear system. It is of great significance to explore the influence of temperature effects on the nonlinear dynamics of the gear system. Taking the spur gear system as the research object, considering the nonlinear factors such as time-varying meshing stiffness, tooth backlash and comprehensive error, and introducing the influence of temperature change, the nonlinear dynamic model of the gear system is established, using 4~5th order Runge -Kutta algorithm performs simulation calculation on the model, combined with bifurcation diagram, maximum Lyapunov exponent diagram, phase diagram and Poincare section diagram, etc., to analyze the influence of temperature changes and time-varying stiffness coefficients on the motion characteristics of the gear system. The results show that the influence of temperature change on the gear system is related to the value of the time-varying stiffness coefficient. The larger the value, the more obvious the influence of temperature change; the system will show different dynamic response with the change of the time-varying stiffness coefficient, including four states of single-period motion, multiple-period motion, bifurcation and chaotic motion. The relevant conclusions can provide references for the design of gear systems under special working conditions.
Occupational Exposure to Metals and Serum Adiponectin Levels Among Shipyard Workers: A Cohort Study with Weighted Quantile Sum Regression Analyses
Authors: Wu Chen-Jung , Ho A-Chuan , Chen Shih-Ya , Pan Chih-Hong , Chuang Hsiao-Chi , Chen Wei-Liang , Wang Chung-Ching , Lai Ching-Huang
Published: December 2021

Background: The influence of welding-associated air pollutants on workers’ health is mainly regarded as a core issue in public health and occupational medicine. Previous studies have indicated that workers exposed to metal fumes had an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, which was correlated with decreased serum adiponectin levels. This study aimed to explore whether heavy metal exposure affects the concentration of adiponectin among welding workers. Methods: The study participants were recruited from a shipyard with 31 office workers and 100 welding workers in 2015. Urinary metal concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Serum adiponectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inferential statistics on repeated measures were performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). A weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was conducted to examine the joint effect of the association of multimetal exposure with serum adiponectin. Results: After adjustment for all confounding variables through a GEE analysis, significantly negative associations of numerous urinary metals with serum adiponectin were detected in the welding workers, including Cr (β = -0.088; 95% CI: -0.148, -0.027), Mn (β = -0.174; 95% CI: -0.267, -0.081), Co (β = -0.094; 95% CI: -0.158, -0.029), Ni (β = -0.108; 95% CI: -0.208, -0.008), Cd (β = -0.067; 95% CI: -0.115, -0.018), and Pb (β = -0.089; 95% CI: -0.163, -0.015). The contributions of multiple urinary metal levels to serum adiponectin levels, determined individually by WQS regression, suggested that Pb was the greatest contributor. Conclusions: Welding workers exposed to heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, and Cd might have reduced serum adiponectin levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Patients Satisfaction With The Dental Treatment Provided At The University of Jordan Students Clinics
Authors: Ismail Noor H. , Alzer Heba , Algurini Amena H , Alsawalhi Dina H , Hait Sarah M. , BDS Firas Alsoleihat , Mahmoud Summer J.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To assess patients' satisfaction with the dental care provided to them by the undergraduate students at Jordan University Hospital. Methods: The Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) developed by the RAND Corporation was used to measure patient satisfaction. The questionnaire was translated to Arabic the native language of the country and it consisted of 14 questions, which measure the overall satisfaction and the subscales of access, convenience & availability, continuity of treatment, and quality of dental care provided.Results: A total of 94 patients (58.5% female, 41.5% male) answered the DSQ, the Overall Dental Satisfaction Index (DSI) was found to be 86.2%, and there was no correlation between gender or age groups with the DSI (P<0.05). The lowest score (3.7/5) was given to the question about whether the school building and dental units being modern and well equipped. Conclusions: Patients who were treated at the student clinics at the University of Jordan, School of Dentistry were mostly satisfied about the treatment provided, the main cause for dissatisfaction was the clinics building that is very old and crowded, and the lack of modern dental units and equipment.
The importance of superspreaders on the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kalda Jaan , Ratas Mart , Kalda Taavet , Ramazanli Azer , Herrmann Heiko , Belikov Juri
Published: December 2021

The dynamics of pandemics is most often analyzed using a variation of the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model1, the key parameter of which is the basic reproduction number R0. Some evidences suggest that the contagion-spreading networks are scale-free, with the biggest nodes corresponding to superspreaders2,3. However, current understanding of the scale-free topology of these networks, and of the implications of such topology for the dynamics of pandemics is incomplete. Here we show that the world-wide spreading rate of COVID-19 gives an indirect evidence that the underlying virus-spreading network is scale-free, with the degree distribution exponent close to 2. Furthermore, our results show that the spreading rate of a virus is predominantly controlled by superspreaders who typically get infected and acquire immunity during the initial outbreak stage of the pandemic. Thereby the biggest nodes get immune and hence, removed from the network, resulting in a rapid decrease of the effective reproduction number. These findings are important for understanding the dynamics of pandemics, and for designing optimal virus control strategies. In particular, screening a population for the number of antibodies of a set of viruses can reveal potential superspreaders, the vaccination or isolation of whom can impede a pandemic at its early stage.
Outcome of surgically treated acetabular fractures: risk factors for postoperative complications and for early conversion to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Luigi Zanna , Lorenzo Ceri , Gianluca Scalici , Debora Boncinelli , roberto Buzzi , De Biase Pietro
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Acetabular fractures (AFxs) are rare injuries considering their incidence. The gold standard of treatment is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Surgical treatment represents a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Our purpose is to assess the short- to medium-term functional outcomes and complications of surgically treated AFx. We analysed the factors influencing clinical outcomes, the incidence of complications and the predictors of conversion in total hip arthroplasty (THA).Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed 102 patients with AFx treated between December 2017 and September 2020. The inclusion criteria were AFx treated with ORIF and more than 12 months of follow-up (FU). We evaluated the quality of reduction with X-ray measuring residual displacement, classified into 3 groups (Matta Radiological Score). Postoperative superficial and deep infections, neurological sequelae and deep vein thrombosis were documented. X-rays were performed to confirm the adequacy of fixation and complications. At the final FU, the radiographs were graded according to Matta’s Radiological Outcome Grading, and the clinical outcomes were graded using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS).Results: Of 102 patients, 62 patients were enrolled. The statistical analysis revealed that OHS was influenced by quality of reduction (P=0.033), injury severity score (ISS) (P=0.005) and age (> 75 years) (P=0.029). A significant correlation between the patient’s BMI and the OHS was recorded. The late sequelae were heterotopic ossification (HO) in 13 patients, osteoarthritis (OA) in 22 and avascular necrosis (AVN) in 4. HO was significantly affected by the posterior approach (P=0.031) and by an ISS > 15 (P= 0.0003). The analysis showed a correlation between AVN and posterior hip dislocation (P=0.004). OA had a correlation with postoperative quality of reduction (P=0.014). Eight patients required THA. Comparing patients with and without THA, a significant correlation between THA and posterior dislocation (P=0.022), isolated posterior wall fracture (P=0.039) and ISS > 15 (P=0.029) was recorded.Conclusion: Despite the improvement of surgical techniques and perioperative care, a high rate of patients with AFx still develop complications and require THA. Identifying negative predictors to help the management of fractures in elderly individuals is needed. Furthermore, the presence of negative predictors could represent an indication for primary THA.