bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SAR AND SAR-OPTICAL FUSED DATASET FOR CROP DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Mustak S. , Uday G. , Ramesh B. , Praveen B.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Crop discrimination and acreage play a vital role in interpreting the cropping pattern, statistics of the produce and market value of each product. Sultan Battery is an area where a large amount of irrigated and rainfed paddy crops are grown along with Rubber, Arecanut and Coconut. In addition, the northern region of Sultan Battery is covered with evergreen and deciduous forest. In this study, the main objective is to evaluate the performance of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-optical hybrid fusion imageries for crop discrimination in Sultan Bathery Taluk of Wayanad district in Kerala. Seven land use classes such as paddy, rubber, coconut, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, water bodies and others land use (e.g., built-up, barren etc.) were selected based on literature review and local land use classification policy. Both Sentinel-2A (optical) and sentinel-1A (SAR) satellite imageries of 2017 for Kharif season were used for classification using three machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Further, the performance of these techniques was also compared in order to select the best classifier. In addition, spectral indices and textural matrices (NDVI, GLCM) were extracted from the image and best features were selected using the sequential feature selection approach. Thus, 10-fold cross-validation was employed for parameter tuning of such classifiers to select best hyperparameters to improve the classification accuracy. Finally, best features, best hyperparameters were used for final classification and accuracy assessment. The results show that SVM outperforms the RF and CART and similarly, Optical+SAR datasets outperforms the optical and SAR satellite imageries. This study is very supportive for the earth observation scientists to support promising guideline to the agricultural scientist, policy-makers and local government for sustainable agriculture practice.
RICE PLANT DISEASE CLASSIFICATION USING TRANSFER LEARNING OF DEEP CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Shrivastava V. K. , Pradhan M. K. , Minz S. , Thakur M. P.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Early and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is a vital step in the crop protection system. In traditional practices, identification is performed either by visual observation or by testing in laboratory. The visual observation requires expertise and it may vary subject to an individual which may lead to an error while the laboratory test is time consuming and may not be able to provide the results in time. To overcome these issues, image based machine learning approach to detect and classify plant diseases has been presented in literature. We have focused specifically on rice plant (Oryza sativa) disease in this paper. The images of the diseased symptoms in leaves and stems have been captured from the rice field. We have collected a total of 619 rice plant diseased images from the real field condition belong to four classes:(a) Rice Blast (RB), (b) Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), (c) Sheat Blight (SB) and (d) Healthy Leave (HL). We have used a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network(CNN) as a feature extractor and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier. We have obtained encouraging results. The early identification of rice diseases by this approach could be used as a preventive measure well as an early warning system. Further, it could be extended to develop a rice plant disease identification system on real agriculture field.
REMOTE SENSING FOR CROPS IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Escobar González José Luis
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Since 2012, the INEGI began using satellite images to identify crops and to be able to locate areas where they develop. To date, this activity has been developed as a research project in which different multispectral images and different tools for the processing of satellite images have been used. Supervised classification techniques have made possible to identify the surface of some important crops of annual cycle and some perennials, such as sorghum, corn, lemon, grape, potato, orange, among others. The use of this methodology allows exploring new ways of obtaining agricultural statistical information, as well as generating statistical data that can be used to validate or confirm crop coverage at specific places. To put this project into practice, after the initial investigations, we trained a small group of people, with whom we carried out some tests to know and evaluate the benefits or disadvantages of applying identification of crops through remote sensing. Between 2012 and 2018, INEGI has received support from institutions that are more advanced in the use of remote sensors, such as NASS from the USA, StatCanada and JRC of the European Union. Tests designed by INEGI have run on sites with different topographic and climatic conditions to better understand the spectral response of crops. This document presents some of the main results obtained.
SENTINEL FOR APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Gomarasca M. A. , Tornato A. , Spizzichino D. , Valentini E. , Taramelli A. , Satalino G. , Vincini M. , Boschetti M. , Colombo R. , Rossi L. , Borgogno Mondino E. , Perotti L. , Alberto W. , Villa F.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The European Union and the European Space Agency (EU/ESA) have promoted since 1998 (Baveno Manifesto*) the GMES Programme (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), nowadays called Copernicus (www.copernicus.eu). In the agriculture domain, the use of Copernicus Sentinel imagery and its services are providing several new opportunities. The knowledge of fundamentals of Earth Observation/Geographic Information EO/GI, namely Geomatics, for the development of innovative strategies for professional skills adequacy and capacity building, supporting Copernicus user uptake, becomes mandatory (Gomarasca, 2009). The target is to help bridging gaps between supply and demand of education and training for geospatial sector (www.eo4geo.eu). The innovative and strategical novelties are the complete free access to Sentinel time series imagery and digital image processing software “Sentinel toolboxes” such as SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) for different environments (Windows, Mac, Unix). The paper introduce topics as crop mapping and monitoring, biophysical parameters, phenology and yield estimations, through several concluded or ongoing international projects such as: ERMES -FP7 (http://www.ermes-fp7space.eu/it/homepage/, Busetto et al. 2017) and SATURNO (https://www.progettosaturno.it/, Nutini et al., 2018) devoted to the regional agricultural monitoring. As conclusion, SNAP software for image processing of Sentinel data was demonstrated and tested together with Earth Engine software for specific vertical agriculture applications. The topics reported in this paper have been part of the Summer School ‘Sentinel for Applications in Agriculture’ supported by the Copernicus programme, several scientific associations (AIT, ASITA, EARSeL - European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories), the European Erasmus+ project EO4GEO, University Departments and Geo-Information Companies.
Brief communication: Post-wildfire rockfall risk in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Melzner Sandra , Shtober-Zisu Nurit , Katz Oded , Wittenberg Lea
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In the Eastern Alps no previous research focused on the impact of wildfires on the occurrence of rockfalls. The investigation of wildfires and post-wildfire rockfalls gains new importance with respect to changes in weather extremes and rapid social developments such as population growths and tourism. The present work describes a wildfire that occurred in August 2018 in a famous world-heritage site in Austria. Indicators of fire severity and rockfall occurrence during and after the fire are described.
A revised map of volcanic units in the Oman ophiolite: insights into the architecture of an oceanic proto-arc volcanic sequence
Authors: Belgrano Thomas M. , Diamond Larryn W. , Vogt Yves , Biedermann Andrea R. , Gilgen Samuel A. , Al-Tobi Khalid
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Numerous studies have revealed genetic similarities between Tethyan
ophiolites and oceanic “proto-arc” sequences formed above nascent subduction
zones. The Semail ophiolite (Oman–U.A.E.) in particular can be viewed as an
analogue for this proto-arc crust. Though proto-arc magmatism and the
mechanisms of subduction initiation are of great interest, insight is
difficult to gain from drilling and limited surface outcrops in marine
settings. In contrast, the 3–5 km thick upper-crustal succession of the
Semail ophiolite, which is exposed in an oblique cross section, presents an
opportunity to assess the architecture and volumes of different volcanic
rocks that form during the proto-arc stage. To determine the distribution of
the volcanic rocks and to aid exploration for the volcanogenic massive
sulfide (VMS) deposits that they host, we have remapped the volcanic units
of the Semail ophiolite by integrating new field observations, geochemical
analyses, and geophysical interpretations with pre-existing geological maps.
By linking the major-element compositions of the volcanic units to rock
magnetic properties, we were able to use aeromagnetic data to infer the
extension of each outcropping unit below sedimentary cover, resulting in
a new map showing 2100 km2 of upper-crustal bedrock. Whereas earlier maps distinguished two main volcanostratigraphic units, we
have distinguished four, recording the progression from early spreading-axis
basalts (Geotimes), through axial to off-axial depleted basalts (Lasail), to
post-axial tholeiites (Tholeiitic Alley), and finally boninites (Boninitic
Alley). Geotimes (“Phase 1”) axial dykes and lavas make up ∼55 vol % of the Semail upper crust, whereas post-axial (“Phase 2”) lavas
constitute the remaining ∼45 vol % and ubiquitously cover
the underlying axial crust. Highly depleted boninitic members of the Lasail
unit locally occur within and directly atop the axial sequence, marking an
earlier onset of boninitic magmatism than previously known for the
ophiolite. The vast majority of the Semail boninites, however, belong to the
Boninitic Alley unit and occur as discontinuous accumulations up to 2 km
thick at the top of the ophiolite sequence and constitute ∼15 vol % of the upper crust. The new map provides a basis for targeted
exploration of the gold-bearing VMS deposits hosted by these boninites. The
thickest boninite accumulations occur in the Fizh block, where magma ascent
occurred along crustal-scale faults that are connected to shear zones in the
underlying mantle rocks, which in turn are associated with economic
chromitite deposits. Locating major boninite feeder zones may thus be an
indirect means to explore for chromitites in the underlying mantle.
Distinct element geomechanical modelling of the formation of sinkhole clusters within large-scale karstic depressions
Authors: Al-Halbouni Djamil , Holohan Eoghan P. , Taheri Abbas , Watson Robert A. , Polom Ulrich , Schöpfer Martin P. J. , Emam Sacha , Dahm Torsten
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The 2-D distinct element method (DEM) code (PFC2D_V5) is
used here to simulate the evolution of subsidence-related karst landforms, such
as single and clustered sinkholes, and associated larger-scale depressions.
Subsurface material in the DEM model is removed progressively to produce an
array of cavities; this simulates a network of subsurface groundwater
conduits growing by chemical/mechanical erosion. The growth of the cavity
array is coupled mechanically to the gravitationally loaded surroundings,
such that cavities can grow also in part by material failure at their
margins, which in the limit can produce individual collapse sinkholes. Two
end-member growth scenarios of the cavity array and their impact on surface
subsidence were examined in the models: (1) cavity growth at the same depth
level and growth rate; (2) cavity growth at progressively deepening levels
with varying growth rates. These growth scenarios are characterised by
differing stress patterns across the cavity array and its overburden, which
are in turn an important factor for the formation of sinkholes and
uvala-like depressions. For growth scenario (1), a stable compression arch
is established around the entire cavity array, hindering sinkhole collapse
into individual cavities and favouring block-wise, relatively even
subsidence across the whole cavity array. In contrast, for growth scenario (2), the stress system is more heterogeneous, such that local stress
concentrations exist around individual cavities, leading to stress
interactions and local wall/overburden fractures. Consequently, sinkhole
collapses occur in individual cavities, which results in uneven,
differential subsidence within a larger-scale depression. Depending on
material properties of the cavity-hosting material and the overburden, the
larger-scale depression forms either by sinkhole coalescence or by
widespread subsidence linked geometrically to the entire cavity array. The
results from models with growth scenario (2) are in close agreement with
surface morphological and subsurface geophysical observations from an
evaporite karst area on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea.
Strong warming of subarctic forest soil deteriorated soil structure via carbon loss – Indications from organic matter fractionation
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Sigurðsson Páll , Sigurðsson Bjarni D.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Net loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from terrestrial ecosystems is a likely consequence of global warming and this may affect key soil functions. Strongest changes in temperature are expected to occur at high northern latitudes, with boreal forest and tundra as prevailing land-cover types. However, specific ecosystem responses to warming are understudied. We used a natural geothermal soil warming gradient in an Icelandic spruce forest (0–17.5 °C warming intensity) to assess changes in SOC content in 0–10 cm (topsoil) and 20–30 cm (subsoil) after 10 years of soil warming. Five different SOC fractions were isolated and the amount of stable aggregates (63–2000 µm) was assessed to link SOC to soil structure changes. Results were compared to an adjacent, previously investigated warmed grassland. Soil warming had depleted SOC in the forest soil by −2.7 g kg−1 °C−1 (−3.6 % °C−1) in the topsoil and −1.6 g kg−1 °C−1 (−4.5 % °C−1) in the subsoil. Distribution of SOC in different fractions was significantly altered, with particulate organic matter and SOC in sand and stable aggregates being relatively depleted and SOC attached to silt and clay being relatively enriched in warmed soils. The major reason for this shift was aggregate break-down: topsoil aggregate mass proportion was reduced from 60.7 ± 2.2 % in the unwarmed reference to 28.9 ± 4.6 % in the most warmed soil. Across both depths, loss of one unit SOC caused a depletion of 4.5 units aggregated soil, which strongly affected bulk density (R2 = 0.91 when correlated to SOC and R2 = 0.51 when correlated to soil mass in stable aggregates). The proportion of water extractable carbon increased with decreasing aggregation, indicating an indirect SOC protective effect of aggregates > 63 µm. Topsoil changes in total SOC and fraction distribution were more pronounced in the forest than in the adjacent warmed grassland soils, due to higher and more labile initial SOC. However, no ecosystem effect was observed in the response of subsoil SOC and fraction distribution. Whole profile differences across ecosystems might thus be small. Changes in soil structure upon warming should be studied more deeply and taken into consideration when interpreting or modelling biotic responses to warming.
The Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Alleviation: The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Sohn Wook , Ume Laila
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the effect of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Pakistan using district-level panel data. We conduct fixed effect panel regressions to show a statistically significant positive impact of microfinance on household income, ownership of household assets, education, and expenditure. These results suggest that the development of microfinance is an efficient tool for both welfare improvement and poverty alleviation in Pakistan.
Delegation Policy Implementation Model of Regent’S Authority to District Head (Camat) on Local Autonomy in Nias Regency North Sumatera Province
Authors: Ndraha Ayler Beniah , Effendy Khasan , Wargadinata Ella , Kusworo Kusworo
Published: July 2019

Recent policy has an orientation into national policy for find the pattern of regional development acceleration by minimalizing chance of budget leakiness that assumed to be unefficient, then lower governmental form learns to find a synergy to the upper governmental. While the upper government still on autonomy implementation until today rectified over and over again about authority in autonomy or institution aspect and controlling resources from regency to village. National Act Number 23 in 2014 about Regional Government only reaches the border of regional government affairs that also become a reference for regency to teach lower government, which is village. Besides, village and its governmental implementation has been guaranteed judicially through National Act Number 6 in 2014 about Village. Both national acts have consequences to guarantee realization of good governance of regencies/cities and/or villages so they can perform their autonomy to control and arrange each area of it. The data analyzed as qualitative phenomemologically.Based on research results and discussion, we conclude that (1) Delegation policy implementation model of Regent’s authority to head district at Nias Regency not fully has meaning that the head district acts the regional affairs. This assumed that the delegation of authority to head district from Nias’ regent has not reached the truly authority that actually need to be handed over to head district for decide the fastest people’s sake. (2) Some factors impede the delegation of regent authority to head district at Nias Regency which are: district’s apparatus were classified less than good even form quantity and quality, the budget also classified as could not fulfilled people’s demand about maximum services, and there were no sincerity from technical agency to hand over the job authority to head district, which is, in this case, impressed as a long and compicated process then affects the lateness of law production that became head district’s standard to maximalize service to the people as a realization of authority devolution regent to head district at Nias Regency; (3) Created model in this research was an answer to implementation of authority delegation from regent to head district by looking people substances, regional headman and insitution aside.
Funding and Implementation of National Programme on Immunization in Nigeria: Case Study of Bekwarra Local Government Area, Cross River State
Authors: Idiege Adie, Hilary , Ubana Enang, Agnes
Published: July 2019

This study investigated how funding has affected effective implementation of National Programme on Immunization (NPI) in Bekwarra Local Government of Cross River State, Nigeria from 2003-2016. To achieve this objective, a research hypothesis was formulated. A total of 200 Health workers were randomly selected using survey inferential research design from the population of 320 Health workers in the study area. A well validated Likert type scale instrument called Immunization Related Issues Questionnaire (IRIQ) consisting of 22 items with a reliability index of 0.84 was the instrument for data collection. Data collected from the respondents were subjected to the Chi-Suare statistics to test the hypothesis in the study. The result of the test was significant at 0.05 level and it was concluded that funding significantly influences effective implementation of immunization programme in Bekwarra Local Government Area. The study noted that adequate funds are not provided for effective implementation of National Programme on Immunization (NPI), and whenever funds are provided, it is often mismanaged. Also, it was revealed that non-governmental organization (NGOs) should assist in funding immunization programme by providing logistics and technical equipment for effective programme implementation. It was recommended among others that both the government and health donor agencies should provide adequate funds for effective implementation of immunization programmes. Also, there should be a proper monitoring mechanism for utilization of funds meant for Immunization programmes.
Reflections of academic nurse leaders on transformational leadership styles utilised in nursing education institutions, South Africa
Authors: Mkhize Sipho W.
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this article is to reflect on the experiences of the nursing education leaders with transformational leadership styles, with the objective of describing such styles used by academic nurse leaders.Methods: The qualitative research adopted an explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The participants (N = 8) were purposively selected, based on their availability and number of years’ experience as nursing education leaders, through an open invitation. Data was collected by means of in-depth individual interviews using a broad, central question, thereby allowing the participants to interpret the question and answer voluntarily. All tape-recorded interviews and field notes were transcribed verbatim and analysed using open coding of Tesch to identify themes and sub-themes.Results: The results reflected transformation was viewed differently by participants, and as challenging and inclusive. Participants reported that transformation was challenging due to the number of demands from policy makers for the implementation of unified curriculum reforms, which were student-centred, restructuring and rationalisation of fragmented nursing education institutions (NEIS) to one college (leadership and governance) and campuses (teaching and learning) per province in South Africa. Participants also reflected there were inadequate human and material resources supporting the implementation of policy directives. Participants revealed the transformation was inclusive, and the new policy framework for unified and seamless national education system should be adopted and implemented across all levels. The noticeable shared leadership was perceived as inclusive transformation. Participants verbalised that transformation made strides to ensure that integration of all categories of staff. Participants voiced strong views that team functioning, with a common goal to achieve transformation, was the vehicle for the success of nursing education institutions.Conclusions: The research revealed that transformational leadership was experienced differently by academic nurse leaders. These different views created awareness to review existing strategies in the implementation of transformation. Academic nurse leaders should explore alternative approaches to ensure transformation is fully embraced and hurdles are addressed collectively. The monitoring and evaluation of the transformation process is a recipe for a successful transformational leadership style.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients 70 Years and Older With Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis and an Intact Rotator Cuff
Authors: Wright Melissa A. , Keener Jay D. , Chamberlain Aaron M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

As the indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) expand beyond traditional cuff tear arthropathy, the role of RSA in elderly patients with glenohumeral arthritis and an intact rotator cuff remains unclear.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 135 patients who underwent RSA or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) at a single tertiary orthopedic center between 2005 and 2015 and were 70 years of age or older at the time of surgery. All patients had preoperative advanced imaging confirming an intact rotator cuff but active forward elevation less than 90°. Complications, reoperations, and patient survival were recorded from the medical record. Patient-reported outcomes (Pain visual analog scale, Satisfaction Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], and Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder [WOOS]) and patient-reported range of motion were collected at a minimum of 2 years after procedure.

Results:

There was no significant difference in complication rate or revision surgery rate between patients undergoing TSA and RSA (complications 13.7% versus 12.1%, P = 0.810; reoperations 6.9% vs 3.0%, P = 0.418). There were no differences in patient-reported outcome measures between the two groups. Mean pain visual analog scale scores were low in both groups (0.72, SD 1.93 for TSA and 0.31, SD 0.72 for RSA). Satisfaction scores were high (86.1, SD 23.3 for TSA and 91.8, SD 9.0 for RSA, P = 0.286). Mean ASES and WOOS scores were also high in both groups (86 [SD 15.6] for TSA and 83 [SD 12.6] for RSA for ASES [P = 0.400] and 86 [SD 18.3] for TSA and 89 [SD 10.2] for RSA for WOOS [P = 0.400]). One hundred percent of subjects following RSA and 98% of subjects following TSA rated their forward elevation as full or nearly full (>135°) (P = 0.516).

Discussion:

Given the good clinical outcomes after both TSA and RSA, there may be an increased role for RSA in this elderly cohort to provide effective treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study
Empowering High School Students Through Engagement in a Community Event
Authors: Palazzo Steven J. , Sanman Ella , Bicknell Laura E.
Published: July 2019

Background: Obesity continues to afflict adolescents in underserved communities. It is difficult to understand how adolescents perceive empowerment over their health and the health of their communities. The purpose of our study was to describe the impact of the Healthy Heart Ambassador program on adolescents’ perceived empowerment through the development and implementation of a community event.

Methods: High school students designed and implemented a cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention community event using knowledge acquired through participation in the Teen Take Heart program. The HHA program was created based on the Adolescent Empowerment Model, where participants chose a community event they felt would best deliver the cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention information. Participants completed a post event survey to evaluate their sense of empowerment while participating in the program.

Results: The AES addressed two domains and six attributes of psychological empowerment. The results suggest a sense of empowerment resulted from participating in the student-led community event.

Conclusion: During the HHA event students were engaged with other students, teachers, and members of their community who attended the event. In addition, groups of students who did not normally interact with each other were cooperating and working as a team.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 14 No. 8
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: July 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 14 No. 8, 2019
Impact of Application of Data Mining in the Lebanese Banking Sector
Authors: Kalakech Kamel Hassan , El-Mousawi HasanYousef
Published: July 2019

This study aims at showing the level of implementing concepts and tools of data mining in the banking sector in Lebanon in addition to its constituent domains. The researchers adopt the descriptive-analytical method which is based on a questionnaire distributed on the society of the study. The researchers found that there is an interest in applying concepts of data mining in managing operations in the Lebanese banking sector. The researchers concluded that there is difference among the respondents’ opinions regarding applying concepts of data mining in managing operations in Lebanese banks as related to difference in experience, in job levels and in qualifications.
On the Contextual Conditions Driving a Difficulty Factor
Authors: Schweizer Karl , Reiß Siegbert
Published: July 2019

This paper reports three simulation studies conducted to identify the contextual conditions leading to the observation of a difficulty factor in confirmatory factor analysis. The data of each study were generated to show one underlying source of responding only whereas the difficulties of the simulated items constituting the contextual condition were varied. The first study showed that a broad range of difficulties of items was insufficient for driving a difficulty factor. The second study revealed that very large and small difficulties of the same size could lead to a difficulty factor if the confirmatory factor model included two correlated factors. In the third study a subgroup of simulated items showed very large difficulties of the same size while the difficulties of the other simulated item were varied. In this study almost all combinations of difficulties led to the observation of a difficulty factor that was correlated or uncorrelated with the genuine factor.
Boundary Null Controllability With Constrained Control for a Nonlinear Two Stroke System: Application to Boundary Sentinel and Identification of Parameters in a Nonlinear Population Dynamics Model
Authors: Sawadogo Somdouda , Soma Mifiamba
Published: July 2019

We first prove a new controllability result for a nonlinear two stroke system. The key to solve this controllability problem is an adapted Carleman inequality. Next, the obtained result is used to build a boundary sentinel to identify unknown parameters in a nonlinear population dynamics model with incomplete data.
Pipes Construction Based on the Pipes' Centre Curve Shapes
Authors: - Kusno
Published: July 2019

Parts of pipeline need a long piece, a short segment, and various inflate-deflate models. They require as well the thickness and curvature of the pipes. The objective of this paper is to obtain some formulas for modeling the long pipe, the short tube, and various inflate-deflate pipe patches. Relating to the purposes, we use their cross-section, longitudinal section, and center curves of the pipe parts. The methods are, the using of the polar coordinates and of the real functions, to define the cross and longitudinal section of the pipe patches, respectively. Then, we calculate three orthonormal vectors that are determined by the tangent vectors of the pipe center curves and two unit vectors that are perpendicular to the tangent vectors. After that, we evaluate the formulas to model the long pipes and the short pipes, both inflate-deflate and thickness shapes. The results show that, using its center curves of the pipe, it is handy to design the long and short pipes, multiple thicknesses, various volume fluctuations of the pipes, and useful to model the inflate-deflate pipe parts.
Asymptotic and Geodesic Bishop Curves in Three Dimensions Minkowski Space E_1^3
Authors: Wageeda M. M.
Published: July 2019

In the following paper, we deal with the surfaces which are expressed as a linear combination of the components of Bishop frame for a given some special spacelike Smarandache curves in three dimensions Minkowski Space E13  . We analyzed the problem of constructing a family of surfaces from these curves in  E13  , and derive the sufficient conditions for coefficients to satisfy the iso-asymptotic requirements. Additionally, we derive sufficient conditions for coefficients to satisfy both the geodesic and iso-parametric needs.
Productivity of a Portable Winch System Used in Salvage Logging of Storm-Damaged Timber
Authors: Bilici Ebru , Andiç Güryay Volkan , Akay Abdullah Emin , Sessions John
Published: July 2019

Storm damages result in serious losses in many regions, primarily by stem breakage or blowdown. Extraction of storm-damaged trees often requires more difficult than normal skidding activities due to obstacles created during the storm. In this study, the productivity of a portable winch was evaluated as a possible alternative to recover storm-damaged timber. Field measurements were conducted in the Alabarda Forest Enterprise Chief located near the city of Kütahya in western Turkey, where storm damage often occurs during the winter season. The time study was implemented in two slope classes (35% and 55%) and two skidding distances (40 m and 60 m). All timber was skidded uphill. A regression mode was developed that related productivity to log volume, ground slope and skidding distance. The highest percentage of total
cycle time was observed for skidding logs to the landing. The highest productivity (3.96 m3/hour) was found at the shorter skidding distance (40 m) and the lower ground slope (35%). Statistical analyses indicated that productivity was most highly affected by log volume, followed by skidding distance and ground slope. Larger log loads increased productivity, while both longer skidding distances and steeper slopes reduced productivity.
Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril-Type Containers as Receptors for Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Authors: Shaya David , Isaacs Lyle
Published: July 2019

Acyclic cucurbit[n]uril molecular containers 1 and 2C3 have previously been shown to strongly bind to the neuromuscular blocking agents rocuronium, vecuronium, pancuronium, and cisatracurium in vitro by optical methods and to reverse neuromuscular block in vivo in rats. In this paper we study the in vitro binding of a panel of acyclic CB[n]-type receptors toward the four neuromuscular blocking agents and acetylcholine to develop structure-binding affinity relationships. The selected variants include those with different aromatic sidewalls (e.g. 1Me4 with dimethyl o-xylylene walls; 3 with 1,8-linked naphthalene walls), with different glycoluril oligomer lengths (e.g. 4 and 5 based on glycoluril trimer), and with different linker lengths between aromatic wall and SO3- solubilizing group (e.g. 2C2–2C4). Based on the analysis of complexation induced changes in 1H NMR chemical shift we conclude that the hydrophobic regions of the guests bind in the hydrophobic cavity of the hosts with the cationic moieties of the guest binding at the ureidyl C=O portals by ion-dipole and ion-ion interactions. The thermodynamic parameters of binding were determined by direct and competition isothermal titration calorimetry experiments. We find that hosts 4 and 5 based on glycoluril trimer form significantly weaker complexes with the streroidal NMBAs than with the analogues hosts based on glycoluril tetramer (1 and 2C3). Similarly, hosts 1Me4 and 3 with different length and height aromatic walls do not exhibit the extreme binding constants displayed by 2C3 but rather behave similarly to 1. Finally, we find that hosts 2C2 and 2C4 bind only slightly more weakly to the NMBAs than 2C3, but retain the ability to discriminate against acetylcholine, and possess higher inherent water solubility than 2C3. Host 2C4, in particular, holds potential for future in vivo applications.
Social Work in Germany. Developments in a professional field and academic discipline
Authors: Schmitt Caroline , Witte Matthias D.
Published: July 2019

In many countries of the Global North, social work developed as an independent profession and discipline in the 20th century. One of the countries in which social work became established as a professional field was Germany. This field's origins go back to the “social question”.

The articles in this volume deal with current social work issues, offering an insight into the current state of discussion on each topic in Germany. They all draw attention to the complex interplay between local social work and the field’s expansion beyond individual places and national states, and the interconnections between national societal developments in Germany and those on an international, global level.
Fields of practice in social work: interim appraisal of a dynamic development
Authors: Jörgen Schulze-Krüdener
Published: July 2019

In Germany, social work has long been more than what it was originally intended to be; it is more than an emergency support provided outside the school and family. Its fields of practice have changed over time, and analysis of those historical changes show that social work has become a constituent part of the welfare state’s basic provisions and developed a pool of pro-fessional knowledge, while its practitioners have spread into an ever more specialised array of fields. Social work has normalised into a service which modern societies need for their devel-opment and integration. As the welfare state developed its modern influence, occupations in the social sector have become part of the social infrastructure, even if market mechanisms and competition are gradually exerting greater influence in those fields of practice. However, in times of scarcity and global change, the fields of social work practice also face other chal-lenges.
Deutschland – Nebenjobberland
Authors: Klinger Sabine , Weber Enzo
Published: July 2019

Seit 2003 haben sich die Zahl und der Anteil von Mehrfachbeschäftigten in Deutschland mehr als verdoppelt, obwohl sich der Arbeitsmarkt in einem kräftigen und nachhaltigen Aufschwung befindet. Die diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegende Studie untersucht daher Nebenjobs im Querschnitt und im Zeitverlauf anhand reichhaltiger Registerdaten und Logit-Schätzungen. Die mikroökonometrischen Ergebnisse werden mit makroökonomischen Trends verknüpft. Es zeigt sich: Nebenjobs werden primär aufgrund von Beschränkungen des Einkommens und der Arbeitszeit in der Hauptbeschäftigung ausgeübt. Zum oberen Ende der Entgeltverteilung gibt es keinen erneuten Anstieg der Nebenjob-Wahrscheinlichkeit und damit auch keinen Hinweis, dass durch den Nebenjob das Job-Portfolio an sich verbessert werden soll. Des Weiteren haben Frauen, Personen mit Migrationshintergrund, Beschäftigte in den westlichen Bundesländern sowie im Dienstleistungsbereich überdurchschnittliche Nebenjob-Wahrscheinlichkeiten. Die individuellen Faktoren erklären aber nur einen Bruchteil der Zunahme von Nebenjobs im betrachteten Zeitraum. Eine wichtige Rolle spielte und spielt dagegen die weitgehende, per Gesetzgebung initiierte Abgabenfreiheit von Mini-Nebenjobs, welche nach unserer Argumentation die falschen Anreize setzt.
STUDY OF HEAT- AND MASS TRANSFER DURING DRYING OF GRANULES OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZER IN DENSE LAYER
Authors: Ovchinnikov Lev N. , Medvedev Sergey I.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents a calculation method that enables the use of specially performed experiments to establish the quantitative relationship defined by a criterion(variable), for example, Sherwood (mass transfer), Nusselt (heat transfer) or the moisture content of the particles from the defining criterion of the Reynolds, Schmidt, and temperature. These relations are represented by power functions in the form of criterial equations of heat and mass transfer for the selected range of values of the Reynolds criterion Reg = 250-500 calculated for the gas phase. In the calculation-experimental study, the convective drying of wet granules of nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium (NPK) organic mineral fertilizer in a dense layer of the laboratory cylindrical-conical dryer by heated air is considered. The granules have a cylindrical shape with a particle size of five by five mm. The experimental technique involves conducting periodic studies to determine the time change in the moisture content of fertilizer granules, the temperature of the gas under the grid, layer, above the layer and the particle at different flow rates of the gas coolant. Processing of the results of experimental studies, carried out using the method of least squares, allowed to calculate the experimental coefficients included in the criterion equations. Illustratively it is shown that the mass transfer coefficient increases with the Reynolds criterion until they reach values of 0.8 Reкр1. (the beginning of fluidization), corresponding to the rational conditions of drying of the granules. Comparison of the calculated and experimental values of the Sherwood criterion, Nusselt criterion and moisture content of the dried material particles showed their satisfactory convergence in the considered hydrodynamic conditions of drying wet particles, which makes it possible to recommend the obtained experimental dependences for practical application.
THERMAL EXPANSION, ELECTROTRANSPORT AND DIELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Bi4(Ti,Nb,Fe)3O12 SOLID SOLUTIONS
Authors: Klyndyuk Andrey I. , Chizhova Ekaterina A.
Published: July 2019

The Bi4Ti3–2xNbxFexO12 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) titanates were prepared using ceramic method. Their structure and physicochemical properties were studied. Compounds were p-type semiconductors, which electrical conductivity, Curie temperature, dielectric constant, and dielectric losses decreased, but lattice constants, thermo-EMF coefficient and sinterability did not changed at partial replacing of titanium by niobium and iron. Introduction of niobium and iron oxides into ceramics based on layered Bi4Ti3O12 lead to the sharp decreasing in its grains size. The transition of ceramics from ferroelectric to paraelectric state was accompanied by a stepwise increase in linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) (from (9.63–9.81)·10–6 K–1 to (12.71-14.67)·10–6 K–1 and by decrease in the activation energy of DC electrical conductivity (from 1.13–1.52 eV to 0.72–0.99 eV). Electrical resistivity of ceramics was determined by electrical resistivity of grains, relaxation processes in it were of a non-Debay type, while the activation energy of relaxation for Bi4Ti3–2xNbxFexO12 titanates, found from impedance spectroscopy (1.01–1.05 eV), was close to the value activation energy of their intragrain conductivity (0.85–0.97 eV). The frequency dependences of AC electrical conductivity obeyed Jonscher’s power law σ ~ νn, where n < 1 and increased with temperature, which indicated that charge transfer in the ceramic was accomplished by ions translating over small distances, which was accompanied by small polarons hopping charge transfer.
ADSORPTION OF BENZENE, ACETONE AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE VAPORS ON MICROPOROUS CARBON ADSORBENT FAS-3
Authors: Zaytsev Dmitriy S. , Tvardovskiy Andrey V. , Shkolin Andrey V. , Fomkin Anatoliy A.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the study of the adsorption of organic matter vapors (benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetone) on the microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 in the region of pressures from 0.1 PA to 0.1 MPa and temperatures from 293 to 313 K was conducted, which showed sufficiently high adsorption characteristics of the used adsorbent in comparison with traditional absorbers. Microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 is quite new and still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the parameters of the adsorbent FAS-3, as well as the study of the processes of vapor adsorption of various organic substances on it. The microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3, obtained on the basis of furfural, was used in the work. Obtaining spherical granules of the adsorbent FAS-3 was carried out in the result of liquid molding of a copolymer of furfural and epoxy resin on the basis of a fundamentally new process of combining the stages of blending monomer, molding the mixture in spherical product of the cured pellets. The activation of spherical grains of FAS-3 was carried out in a rotary kiln by a mixture of water vapor and carbon dioxide at a temperature of 850-900°C to burning that was consistent with the development of porosity in the adsorbent. The equilibrium values of vapor adsorption of substances on FAS-3 were measured on the gravimetric vacuum unit developed in the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Regeneration of the adsorbent was carried out for 6 h at a temperature of 623 K to a pressure of 0.1 Pa. The maximum absolute measurement error was ± 0.01 mmol / g with 95% confidence. Measurement of vapor pressure of organic substances within 0.13 Pa-0.13 MPa was carried out by absolute pressure gauges M10, M1000, developed and manufactured in the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The pressure measurement error by the manometer M10 in the range of 0.13 to 1330 Pa was ±0.066 Pa, and the manometer M1000 in the range from 13 Pa to 130 kPa was ±4.0 Pa.
PROPERTIES OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS OF COPOLYMERS OF GLYCIDYLMETHACRYLATE AND METHYLPHEOPHORBIDE «a» IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors: Nikolaeva Olga I. , Usacheva Tamara S. , Ageeva Tatiana A. , Koifman Oscar I.
Published: July 2019

The study of the rheological properties of polymers, and also the establishment of quantitative dependencies, along with the problem of the relationship of molecular characteristics with the synthesis conditions, is an important scientific and practical task. The solution of this problem gives to predict the behavior of polymers, to develop and find the optimal modes and parameters of obtaining materials with predetermined properties. For a research of chemical interaction between macromolecules in solutions, the dilute solutions rheology of copolymers of glycidylmethacrylate and methylphaeophorbide “a” in dimethylformamide was studied. The study of dilute solutions of the corresponding copolymers was carried out by viscometric method in the temperature range of 20-35 ºC. Copolymers of glycidylmethacrylate and methylphaeophorbide “a” of different composition were obtained by radical copolymerization in solution. The synthesized copolymers are characterized by molecular-weight characteristics determined by gel-permeation chromatography. It is established that the solutions of the copolymers correspond to the systems with the lower critical temperature of dissolution. The belonging of the studied solutions to the systems with the lower critical dissolution temperature is confirmed by the dependence of the Huggins constant on the temperature. From the obtained results it follows that the ball of the macromolecule shrinks with increasing temperature. The influence of solution temperature, molecular weight and composition of copolymers on their interaction with the solvent, expressed quantitatively through the parameters of the characteristic viscosity, the Huggins constant, the mean-square distance between the ends of macromolecular chains, is shown. The mean-square distance between the ends of the chains of polymer in the solution was estimated by the equation of Flory-Fox. It is shown that for the studied copolymers the specific index decreases with increasing temperature. It was determined that the introduction of the porphyrin fragment into the structure of the polymer macromolecule retains the character of the interaction of the macromolecular tangle with the solvent.