bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARACETAMOL OVERDOSE;
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Wazir Abdul Haq , Basharat Tayaba , Zaman Masood Uz , Hussain Shabir , Ullah Shafqat , Hamza Amir
Published: April 2019

Background: Liver plays a central role in the process of metabolism, storage of glycogen and detoxification. It acts as major organ in the physiologic role of body. Paracetomol is oftenly used as a pain reliever and antipyretic, its overdose can liver toxicity and produces free radicals which is dangerous for human health. Objectives: To find the role of trifolium extract in the limitation of hepatotoxicity instigate by paracetamol overdose. Study Design: _____________. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Lahore. Period:  April 2016 to October 2016 for the period of 6 months. Material and Methods: Total 32 rabbits were taken for the study. They were divided into four groups. Group I was control, group II, III, IV were intoxicated with paracetamol dose 1, 1.5, 2 g/kg body weight respectively. Each group was composed of 8 rabbits. Each paracetamol intoxicated rabbit was treated with triflolim extract for 5 days. Results: Paracetamol overdose causes a significant raise in the liver functions eg alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Asparate aminotransfearse (AST) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (T. bilrubin). There is remarkable improvement in the liver functions when the intoxicated rabbits were treated with triflolium extract. Conclusion: Triflolium extracts has better results and can limits the damaging effects of paracetamol overdose on liver functions.
MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSIES;
Authors: Naheed Kishwar , Nadeem Shirza , Iqbal Muhammad , Qasim Altaf Pervez , Sadia Summyia , Siddiqui Bashir Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Background:  Due to high increase in the population, there is sharp increase in the accidental, homicidal, suicidal and natural deaths. Objective: To evaluate and audit the frequency of death patterns in the city of Faisalabad. Study Design: It is a cross sectional study.  Setting & Duration:  Study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad for a period of one year i.e. 1st January, 2017 to 31st December, 2017. Methodology:  The record of all unnatural deaths brought for medicolegal autopsies during the study period were examined in detail with special reference to the frequency of death patterns, manners & modalities of those cases. The data was entered in the predesigned performa & analysed by using SPSS.  Results: Study revealed that frequency of unnatural death in Faisalabad is similar to those conducted in other cities, but higher rates may be due to the fact that Faisalabad is thickly populated & third largest city of Pakistan. Out of total 255 cases of unnatural deaths reported for medico-legal autopsies in FMU Faisalabad (80.40 %) were male and (19.6%) females.     Accidental deaths occurred in (28.62%) cases, homicidal deaths involved (50.58%), suicide took the lives of (3.9%) cases and (2.7%) persons died of natural causes whereas manner of death remained undetermined in (14.11%) cases. Unnatural deaths were reported more frequently in the age group 20–29 years involving (24.70%) cases. Conclusion: Homicide is higher in this region and Firearm is the weapon of choice for assailants. This increasing death toll of homicide may be due to increase in frustration and intolerance in the society.
Teaching Hong Kong English before Teaching Academic English: The Gateway to Effective Learning of College Writing
Authors: MAK Bernie Chun Nam
Published: April 2019

Owing to the negative view of Hong Kong English (HKE) in popular discourse, few English lecturers in Hong Kong universities directly acknowledge or discuss the variety in a non-linguistic course. This paper illustrates an action research study of how HKE may play a role in an academic writing course of a sub-degree program in Hong Kong. Focusing on 8 representatives from an academic writing course with 100 students, it employed the qualitative experiment method to examine whether students who had possessed basic linguistic knowledge of HKE from an additional tutorial would perceive HKE and academic writing differently from those who had not. Student representatives from each group were invited to a focus group to explore ideas about the two subjects discussed in class. Their conversations suggested that prior knowledge of the syntactic features of HKE might raise students’ awareness of the grammatical differences between the variety and the standard. The analysis also suggested that introducing the linguistic view of HKE to students might render them optimistic about their variety, helping them identify the situations where the variety would be tolerant of and settings where Standard English would be expected. The study suggested that such an intervention might facilitate students’ learning of Standard English for academic purposes and practices of English in actual professional communication. Upon the improvement or advancement, they will position themselves more powerfully in the dichotomy between the standard and non-standard. More formal research on a similar or relevant topic is required to validate the impact of understanding HKE on learning academic writing.
Influência da violência dentro e fora da escola na proficiência escolar dos alunos da cidade do Recife
Authors: Santos Joebson Maurilio Alves dos , Silva Rubens Lopes Pereira da , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Menezes Tatiane Almeida de
Published: April 2019

O impacto que a violência incide sobre o desempenho escolar dos alunos pode acarretar uma geração de trabalhadores com baixa produtividade e com esperança de salários menores no futuro, podendo levar a indivíduos potenciais criminosos devido à expectativa de baixos rendimentos com a atividade lícita. Este trabalho procura identificar o papel do ambiente no qual a escola se insere sobre o desempenho escolar, mais precisamente, mensurar de que forma o número de assassinatos no entorno da escola pode influenciar o desempenho escolar do aluno. Desse modo, usando técnicas de geoprocessamento de dados e modelos hierárquicos, o trabalho consegue mensurar o impacto do crime, avaliado por meio do número de homicídios, sobre o rendimento dos alunos, além de capturar o efeito que a escola tem sobre os mesmos. Tal análise, é possível uma vez que os modelos hierárquicos permitem decompor a variância da proficiência escolar entre características inerentes ao aluno e à escola encontrando, assim, o “efeito-escola”. Os resultados mostram que os homicídios têm impacto negativo sobre o desempenho escolar e que aproximadamente 6,5% do desempenho do estudante, medidos pelo coeficiente de correlação intraescolar, deve-se à diferença entre escolas.
Design of Zeroth-order resonance antenna array with a pair of DPS and ENG materials
Authors: Đặng Thị Từ Mỹ
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes one-dimensional antenna arrays of the four-element and the eight-element using composite materials. Firstly, the single element is designed to resonate at Zeroth-order using a pair of Double positive (DPS) and Epsilon negative (ENG) materials meta-structured transmission line (MTL). Secondly, three of 1:2 T-Junction power dividers and seven of 1:2 T-Junction power dividers based on micro-strip technology are designed for feeding the four-element and the eight-element array antennas, respectively. Finally, the proposed arrays are optimized using FEM-based simulation to operate at the frequency of 8,5 GHz. The simulated results show that both antenna arrays have Zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) property, in which the four-element array has a bandwidth spreading from 8.39 to 8.61 GHz and a maximum gain of 8.82 dB while the other one of the eight-element array is 8.39 – 8.60 GHz and 12.2 dB, respectively. The proposed array antennas can be used for wireless applications or mobile communications.
An investigation into structural metaphors in sport commentaries in English versus Vietnamese
Authors: Ngũ Thiện Hùng
Published: April 2019

The paper examines the structural metaphors in English and Vietnamese football commentaries based on the Conceptual Theory of Metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The paper uses the contrastive analysis of metaphors with respect to their their usage, mapping mechanism and linguistic realizations. The data were collected from four English newspapers and four Vietnamese ones with 182 samples, 107 tokens in English and 75 in Vietnamese randomly chosen. The method employed to identify metaphorical linguistic expressions in the data sources is MIP (Metaphor Identification Procedure) developed by Pragglejaz Group (2007). The findings reveal that English and Vietnamese each shares 50% of subcategories of structural metaphors in common and their own ones in the types of source domains and the structuralized concepts in the target domain and the linguistic realizations. Implication for English learning and teaching are also proposed.
The effect of learner autonomy on English proficiency of non-English major students
Authors: Hồ Sĩ Thắng Kiệt
Published: April 2019

Learner autonomy (LA) has been considered to be one of the important goals in education. This article investigates the effect of LA on English proficiency (EP) of non-English major students. 635 Vietnamese students from five member universities of the University of Danang completed the questionnaire on LA. The collected data was compared with the scores of their English language course. The results show that there are overall positive and significant correlations between LA and their EP. However, while there are significant correlations between LA and EP among high proficiency learners, such correlations do not exist among low proficiency learners. The results also indicate that LA can predict students’ EP. The study suggests that students should be aware of the importance of LA and empowered to take charge of their own learning process to enhance their language proficiency. Also, LA may be used by university administrators to predict learners’ academic potential.
wita wilysa narma _165100076
Authors: NARMA WITA WILYSA
Published: April 2019

E- commerce (electronic comers) adalah pembelian, penjualan, pemasaran barang dan jasa melalui system elektronik seperti internet, televisi, world wide web, atau jaringan – jaringan computer lainya. E commerce melibatkan transfer dana elektronik, pertukaran data elektronik, system manajemen inventori otomatis, dan system pengumpulan data otomatis. Salah satu jaringan yang digunakan adalah internet.Lazada Indonesia adalah situs belanja online yang menawarkan berbagai macam jenis produk, mulai dari elektronik, buku, mainan anak dan perlengkapan bayi, alat kesehatan dan produk kecantikan, peralatan rumah tangga, serta perlengkapan traveling dan olahraga. Lazada Indonesia didirikan pada tahun 2012 dan merupakan bagian dari Lazada Group yang beroperasi di Asia Tenggara. Hingga tahun 2014, Lazada Group telah beroperasi di Singapura, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, dan Filipina dengan Singapura sebagai lokasi kantor pusat mereka.Kata Kunci : e-commerce dan lazada
Tugas II Tahapan Pengambilan keputusan ( Manajemen Sains)
Authors: Kawuri Ratna
Published: April 2019

Dengan mempertahankan hal ini pada hari ini melalui manajemen sumber daya manusia secara efektif, setiap organisasi benar-benar perlu untuk menciptakan sumber daya manusia dalam sistem informasi untuk pengembangan sistem informasi yang dapat mempengaruhi lembaga-lembaga yang membuat keputusan. Diharapkan proses pengambilan keputusan terhadap surat-surat dengan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari sistem informasi akan ditambahkan ke wacana, pertimbangan dan akhirnya diputuskan dengan tepat. Sistem informasi terdiri dari komponen yang mendukung lembaga pendidikan untuk memberikan informasi yang diperlukan oleh pembuat keputusan ketika membuat kegiatan pendidikan
genta sankiba 185100006
Authors: Sankiba Genta
Published: April 2019

Adalah suatu ilmu yang menggunakan aplikasi matematika dalam penyelesain masalah yang dihadapi seorang manager yang dijelaskan sebagai filosofi dan logika untuk melakukan pemecahan masalah tersebut. Manajemen sains dapat dipergunakan pada berbagai organisasi untuk memecahkan berbagai macam masalah yang meliputi logika dalam pemecahan masalah. Pendekatan secara logis, konsisten, dan sistematis terhadap pemecahan masalah sangat berguna dan berharga sama dengan pengetahuan tentang teknik matematika itu sendiri. Akan tetapi manajemen sains dalam perkuliahan saat ini menggunakan perangkat lunak seperti microsoft excel, sehingga tidak terlalu rumit untuk menyelesaikannya dengan menggunakan metode matematika biasa. Sebagian orang juga merasa kalau matematika itu menakutkan, namun matematika dalam manajemen sains tidaklah seperti matematika pada umumnya karena pendekatannya menggunakan perangkat lunak.
Strengthening of the Panel Zone in Steel Moment Resisting Frames
Authors: Abedini Masoud , Raman Sudharshan N. , Mutalib Azrul A. , Akhlaghi Ebrahim
Published: April 2019

Rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures designed in accordance to standard design codes is an essential practice in structural engineering and design. For steel structures, one of the challenges is to strengthen the panel zone as well as its analysis in moment-resisting frames. In this research, investigations were undertaken to analyze the influence of the panel zone in the response of structural frames through a computational approach using ETABS software. Moment-resisting frames of six stories were studied in supposition of real panel zone, different values of rigid zone factor, different thickness of double plates, and both double plates and rigid zone factor together. The frames were analyzed, designed and validated in accordance to Iranian steel building code. The results of drift values for six stories building models were plotted. After verifying and comparing the results, the findings showed that the rigidity lead to reduction in drifts of frames and also as a result, lower rigidity will be used for high rise building and higher rigidity will be used for low rise building. In frames with story drifts more than the permitted rate, where the frames are considered as the weaker panel zone area, the story drifts can be limited by strengthening the panel zone with double plates. It should be noted that higher thickness of double plates and higher rigidity of panel zone will result in enhancement of the non-linear deformation rates in beam elements. The resulting deformations of the panel zone due to this modification can have significant influence on the elastic and inelastic behavior of the frames.
RESPONSE OF THE NEUTRAL WIND TO INTENSE GEOMAGNETIC STORMS
Authors: Martiningrum Dyah Rahayu
Published: April 2019

Perturbations of the ionosphere related to geomagnetic storms have been an object of a close attention of ionospheric researchers for several decades and therefore are relatively well known. Effects of geomagnetic storms to atmospheric parameter have been studied. Mustel et al.,(1977) summarized a decrease of pressure after strong sporadic geomagnetic storms, while Pudovkin and Veretenko (1992) summarized changes of the meridional profile of the zonal atmospheric pressure during geomagnetic strom. Recently, Gustavo A. Mansilla (2011) obtain that atmospheric parameters such as wind speed and temperature could be affected by geomagnetic storms. In this paper we examine the possible connection between neutral wind speed from Meteor Wind Radar Kototabang and intense geomagnetic storms occured in 2003 and 2004. By statistical method we compare storm time value of neutral wind speed over Kototabang with their standard deviation obtained from quiet time value. The results shows that geomagnetic storms influence neutral wind speed over Kototabang.
PRELIMINARY RESULT OF VLF RECEIVER INSTALLATION FOR SPACE WEATHER RESEARCH
Authors: Martiningrum Dyah Rahayu
Published: April 2019

About 40 km altitude, VLF radio waves are partially reflected and partially absorbed by the D-layer of the ionosphere. By measuring the amplitude of radio signals after they have reflected from the ionosphere, it is possible to detect kinds of ionospheric and space activity taking place. Recently, Division Ionosphere and Telecommunication, Space Science Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) have installed VLF receiver to investigate effects of solar flare to ionosphere, mainly Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SIDs). By monitoring transmission from Earth-based beacons which are affected by variabilities in the ionosphere, giving an indirect indication of events on the Sun. The VLF receiver output is a voltage varying with time, which may be fed to any data logger or digital multimeter. In this paper, we discuss about system of UKRAA (United Kingdom Radio Astronomy Association) VLF receiver, our research plan related to this instrument, and preliminary result of installation of VLF receiver
REKONSTRUKSI PEMBELAJARAN KEBENCANAAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN GEOGRAFI
Authors: Sholeh Muh
Published: April 2019

Geography subjects to build and develop an understanding of the students about the variety and the spatial organization of people, places and environments on earth. Learners are encouraged to understand the aspects and the physical processes that shape patterns of earth, ecological characteristics and spatial distribution of the earth's surface. In addition students are actively and creatively motivated to study that culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions. Implementation of disaster learning on subjects of Geography can be implemented through several scenarios. One of the scenarios that can be done is to take a basic competency containing material in contact with the disaster or disaster issues. Examples of basic competencies of disaster containing material: a) to analyze the dynamics and trends of the lithosphere and pedosfer changes and their impact on life on earth, and b) analyze the atmosphere and its impact on life on earth. Scientific approach to be one approach that allows students to construct knowledge, cultivate social intelligence, and encourage more students to care and prepared to face the possibility of catastrophic events.Keywords: Learning, Disaster, Geography
Pengamatan Populasi Belalang Menggunakan Metode Lepas Tangkap Di Kawasan Pantai Caroline, Padang, Sumatera Barat
Authors: saputra harmedi yulian
Published: April 2019

Abstract—To study a broad group of forests and not known the previous conditions, it is best to use the path or transect method. The transect method is commonly used to find out certain vegetation such as grasslands and others or a vegetation that is still homogeneous. Population estimation is a method used to calculate population density. The population is only limited to grasshoppers. Data collection techniques by sampling and documentation. The results of our research show 37 locusts on the coast of Caroline coast with a plot area of 3x3m.
FENOMENA CUACA ANTARIKSA
Authors: Martiningrum Dyah Rahayu
Published: April 2019

Buku ilmiah populer terkait cuaca antariksa dan kegiatan penelitian di Pusat Sains Antariksa LAPAN
Using automation to combat the replication crisis: A case study from controlled-rearing studies of newborn chicks
Authors: Wood Samantha , Wood Justin
Published: April 2019

The accuracy of science depends on the precision of its methods. When fields produce precise measurements, the scientific method can generate remarkable gains in knowledge. When fields produce noisy measurements, however, the scientific method is not guaranteed to work—in fact, noisy measurements are now regarded as a leading cause of the replication crisis in psychology. Scientists should therefore strive to improve the precision of their methods, especially in fields with noisy measurements. Here, we show that automation can reduce measurement error by ~60% in one domain of developmental psychology: controlled-rearing studies of newborn chicks. Automated studies produce measurements that are 3-4 times more precise than non-automated studies and produce effect sizes that are 3-4 times larger than non-automated studies. Automation also eliminates experimenter bias and allows replications to be performed quickly and easily. We suggest that automation can be a powerful tool for improving measurement precision, producing high powered experiments, and combating the replication crisis.
»Sometimes you just have to go in « – The link between conspiracy beliefs and political action
Authors: Lamberty Pia , Leiser David
Published: April 2019

Even though conspiracy theories often address political issues, the question of how conspiracy beliefs affect people's political action has not been satisfyingly answered. We show how conspiracy beliefs are linked to political action. Study 1 (N = 203) shows that conspiracy beliefs were linked to violence. Study 2 (N = 268) supported the notion that conspiracy beliefs were linked to weaker support for normative actions and stronger support of violent action. In Study 3 (N = 180), we explored experimentally whether conspiracy beliefs increase violent action. The longitudinal Study 4 (N T1 = 523, N T2 = 274, N T3 = 199) showed over a timespan of one year that conspiracy beliefs increased non-normative political action.
An In-Class Demonstration of Bayesian Inference
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , Matzke Dora , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: April 2019

Sir Ronald Fisher's venerable experiment "The Lady Tasting Tea'' is revisited from a Bayesian perspective. We demonstrate how a similar tasting experiment, conducted in a classroom setting, can familiarize students with several key concepts of Bayesian inference, such as the prior distribution, the posterior distribution, the Bayes factor, and sequential analysis.
Analogical mapping in numerical development
Authors: Marchand Elisabeth , Barner David
Published: April 2019

This chapter outlines the contribution of analogical thinking in numerical cognition and specifically, to number words learning and numerical estimation. We begin with an overview of number word learning, followed by a description of analogical mapping as defined by Gentner (1983, 2010), and discuss how children might acquire the meaning of counting based on analogical mapping. Next, we review the claim that very similar processes of analogical mapping may support numerical estimation, based on findings from studies of dot-array and number line estimation. These studies suggest that children’s knowledge of how the count list is structured – and in particular the ordering and distance between numbers – affects their ability to make accurate estimates. Finally, we discuss extensions of this idea to other cases where analogy has been proposed as a source of representational change. We conclude that analogical mappings enrich how humans transcend core numerical abilities to represent abstract content.
A critical review of the behavioural, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies of co-activation of representations during word production
Authors: Nozari Nazbanou , Pinet Svetlana
Published: April 2019

A large body of behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies have investigated the consequences of co-activation of representations during word production. Despite such an amazing body of empirical data, it remains unclear how the production system handles co-activated items. In this paper, we review this evidence in a systematic way, and point out three common problems in the interpretations attached to these data. We then discuss alternative approaches which might be more fruitful in understanding the links between such data and the processes of spreading activation, selection, monitoring and control in language production.
The role of strategic reports and subjective admission beliefs in explaining the ‘ethnic admissions gap’ in English secondary schools
Authors: Weldon Matthew
Published: April 2019

Data from the English secondary school admissions cycle reveals a substantial ethnic gap in the proportion accessing their chosen schools. Children from minority ethnic groups are, on average, 17% less likely to be admitted into their top-ranked secondary school, compared to white children. This gap is large even after controlling for socio-economic status and prior attainment. However, constraints on the length of preference lists mean that stated preferences may not be truthful, as parents may have incentives to strategise by excluding preferred schools. By accounting for strategic stated preferences and biased beliefs about chances of admission, this paper recovers parametric estimates of preference parameters and the degree of strategic selection. To examine the relative contribution of geographic sorting, strategies, and market design (mechanism and admission rules), the corrected revealed preference estimates are used to estimate expected welfare under three scenarios. The analysis reveals that both underlying preferences and strategising behaviour exhibit substantial heterogeneity by ethnicity, income and ability. When comparing welfare, I find that differences in admissions priority between white and minority ethnic families create small but significant and consistent differences in welfare. However, larger welfare differences are due to differences in preferences and strategy between the two groups.
Becoming a steward of data science
Authors: Tractenberg Rochelle E.
Published: April 2019

This article introduces the concept of the steward: the individual to whom the public, and other practitioners, can entrust the integrity of their field. The concept will be defined, particularly with respect to what about stewardship can be demonstrated by the practitioner so that others – including other stewards – can recognize this professional identity. Stewardship is an important aspect of professionalism, and although data science is a very new profession, its growth in terms of the number of practitioners should also include growth in the commitment to integrity in practice. Although an undergraduate program may seem early to begin understanding what this commitment means, and how to generate evidence of that commitment for yourself, those with a strong understanding of stewardship and how to recognize it will be better able to select jobs in contexts where this commitment to integrity is nurtured and valued. Learning about stewardship engages students in taking responsibility for their role in the profession, and so taking responsibility for the profession and the professional community. Once the construct is understood, learners can focus on the nature of the evidence they can compile - as well as the types of activities that can generate that kind of evidence- and on why this is meaningful over their career.
Status Loss: The Burden of Positively Selected Immigrants
Authors: Engzell Per , Ichou Mathieu
Published: April 2019

Immigrants experience an ambiguous social position: on the one hand, they tend to be positively selected on resources from the origin country; on the other, they often occupy the lower rungs of the status ladder in receiving countries. This study explores the implications of this ambiguity for two important individual outcomes: subjective social status and perceived financial situation. We study the diverse sample of immigrants in the European Social Survey and use the fact that, due to country differences in educational distributions, a given education level can entail a very different rank in the sending and receiving countries. We document a robust relationship whereby immigrants who ranked higher in the origin than in the destination country see themselves as being comparatively worse off. This finding suggests that the social position before migration provides an important reference point by which immigrants judge their success in the new country.
Implant dentistry – current trends in rehabilitation of missing teeth
Authors: Thakur Smriti Narayan
Published: April 2019

No abstract available.
Nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding intravenous therapy in a teaching hospital, Bharatpur
Authors: Lamsal Sandhya , Shrestha Rosy
Published: April 2019

Background: Intravenous (IV) therapy is a common procedure in clinical setting of any hospital and nurses are accountable for handling and man­agement to the patient with IV therapy. However, various serious medical complications were arisen due to nurses having inadequate knowledge and practice on IV therapy. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding IV therapy in a teaching hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan.

Methods: A cross- sectional study design was adopted with 177 nurses for assessment to knowledge and 53 nurses to observe practice on IV therapy. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire for identifying knowledge and observation checklist for observing the practice of IV ther­apy among nurses. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic.

Results: The level of knowledge was found inadequate and level of prac­tice was found unsatisfactory on IV therapy. The associated factors with level of knowledge regarding IV therapy were age (p=0.012), professional qualification (p=0.001), professional designation (p=0.005), professional experience (p=0.002) and in-service education (p=0.003). Similarly, the associated factors with level of practice on IV therapy were professional qualification (p=0.020) and professional designation (p=0.04).

Conclusions: It is concluded that most of the nurses had inadequate knowledge and unsatisfactory practice on IV therapy. Hence, it is strongly recommended for need of protocol for IV therapy, in-service education, effective supervision and reinforcement for improvement of knowledge and practice regarding IV therapy among nurses.
Peripartum hysterectomy and its risk factors
Authors: Tamrakar Renuka , Pandit Upendra , Shrestha Sabita , Sharma Basant , Joshi Rakshya
Published: April 2019

Background: Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy (EPH) is an important lifesaving surgical procedure considered in cases of severe hemorrhage unresponsive to medical and conservative management. The objective is to review incidence, identification, intervention and impact of emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Methods: The retrospective, cross-sectional study designed was to used. EPH data were collected from January 2014 to December 2018.Descriptive statistics was used to analyzed data and presented in tables and charts.

Results: Incidence of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomies was 2.3% out of 252(2.6%) cases of obstetrical emergencies and 0.06% that is 1 in 1600 deliveries. Most common indications for EPH were uterine rupture (33.3%); placenta accreta (33.3%) followed by retained placenta (16.6%) and endometritis with pyometritis (16.6%). Estimated blood loss 1916 ml., timeliness from delivery to hysterectomy was 140 minutes; most common post-operative complication was surgical site infection (33.3%) and length of hospital stay 11.7 days. Maternal morbidity rate was 33.3%. There was no maternal mortality recorded.

Conclusions: The timely intervention improves the outcome in Peripar­tum Hysterectomy, which is frequently associated with abnormal placen­tation as a consequence of increasing caesarean deliveries rate.
Compliance of surgical hand scrub in operation theatre of teaching hospital, Chitwan
Authors: Paudel Anish , Bista Bishnu
Published: April 2019

Background: Surgical hand scrub is an important practice that forms the base in the prevention and control of surgical site infection. The objective of the study was to evaluate the compliance of surgical hand scrub among surgical team in Operation Theatre of Teaching Hospital, Chitwan.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data collection instrument (a checklist) was developed based on national and interna­tional standards of surgical hand scrub. Data was collected by observation of surgical team who were scrubbing in the Operation Theatre, Chitwan Medical College before proceeding to surgical procedures.

Results: A compliance with the standards for surgical scrub prerequisites (70%), scrub process (81.53%), time of scrub (27%) and overall compli­ance (75.95%) observed. The total score of compliance with the standard was only 13%. The main issues found in the study were not correctly wore surgical cap and mask (44.9%), using of timer/wall clock before starting scrubbing (91.3%), improper follow the continue rotational action down opposing arms working to the elbow for one minute (53.6%) and repeat­ed blotted dry of skin area once it done (30.4%)

Conclusions: The results showed there was gap in the surgical hand scrub of the studied hospital and the compliance with the standard can be im­proved by simple surgical hand scrub intervention, periodical observation audit and feedback.
Intranasal findings in unilateral primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Yadav Baleshwar , Bedajit Raj Kumar , Agrahari Akash , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Afaque Anwar
Published: April 2019

Background: Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is a common entity with associated different types of intranasal abnormalities. The pathogenesis of PANDO is unknown. The objective of the study was to describe the intranasal findings in cases of PANDO and find out any association of these findings to the disease.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was designed consisting of 50 cases of unilateral PANDO with epiphora and 50 normal volunteers with no history of epiphora. Nasal Evaluation was done with anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy. Data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results: The mean age in the unilateral PANDO group was 33.6 years and 34.5 years in the normal volunteer’s group (P-0.84). Left sided dominance of PANDO was observed in 64% (32/50) cases. The odds of having Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction was1.6 times more among individuals having septal deviation versus no deviation (95% CI, 0.907–2.78). The laterality of septal deviation was corresponding to the side of NLD obstruction in 91% (31/34) cases. High located DNS was more common in the PANDO group which was significant (P-value 0.012). Turbinate hypertrophy, the presence of septal spur or rhinitis had no significant association with NLD obstruction.

Conclusions: Deviated nasal septum (DNS), turbinate hypertrophy, septal spur and rhinitis were the associated intranasal findings in cases of unilateral PANDO. A significant association exists between DNS and PANDO, although a cause and effect relation require further probing.
Endourological management of forgotten double J stents: case series
Authors: Yadav Chandra S. , Kunwar Ashok Kumar , Shrestha Sanjesh , Tiwari Kabir , Upadhyay Amit Mani , Dangal Ganesh
Published: April 2019

Putting ureteral stents are an integral part of urological practice. However, stents that fragment or are forgotten for a long time pose a management challenge and also legal dilemma. Our series consists of a review of five patients with forgotten double J stents. All these cases were managed at Kathmandu Model Hospital and all the forgotten stents were retrieved endourologically. Management of such complicated ureteral stents requires a multimodal therapeutic approach incorporating the latest ESWL and endourological techniques. Proper counseling to the patient with reference from post-operative KUB X-ray may prevent this urological tragedy.
Application of Markov chain analysis to a fining-upward fluvial succession of the Early Permian Warchha Sandstone, Salt Range, Pakistan
Authors: Ghazi Shahid , Mountney Nigel P.
Published: April 2019

Markov chain analysis is applied to the cyclic properties and degree of ordering of lithofacies in the Early Permian (Artinskian) Warchha Sandstone. The 30 to 155 m-thick Warchha Sandstone is well exposed in the Salt Range, Pakistan and dominantly composed of sandstone, siltstone and claystone succession. Seven lithofacies have been identified on the basis of geometry, gross lithology and sedimentary structures. Lithofacies are cyclically arranged in a fining-upward pattern. A complete cycle starts with pebbly sandstone accomplished by thin layer of basal conglomerate and terminates with claystone. The non-stationary first order Markov chains have been applied statistically on vertical transition of facies using outcrop data of the Warchha Sandstone succession. Later, a chi-square test was applied to test the dependency between any two facies states in facies transitions. The results of this study reveal that the sediments of the Warchha succession were controlled by Makovian mechanism and as a whole represent fluvial succession deposited in a predictable cyclic arrangement of lithofacies.
An overview of bimrocks and related engineering geological problems in the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Sunuwar S. C. , Upreti B. N. , Glawe U.
Published: April 2019

Rocks falling under the category of bimrocks are common in Nepal and are covering large areas of the country. However, knowledge on their exact distribution is limited, and data on classification and quantification of engineering properties are practically nonexistent. So far, the bimrock terminology is not commonly used for engineering classification of rocks in Nepal. However, three types of bimrocks can be identified in Nepal, they are: cataclastic or shear zone bimrocks, conglomeratic bimrocks and the bimrocks produced by weathering. The thickness of the bimrock strata varies according to the geological and tectonic settings and can reach several kilometres. Due to the relative weakness of bimrocks and the high erodability, they can pose serious problems such as excessive overbreak, water inflow and large rock mass deformations in tunnelling, and slope instabilities in road cuts and other excavations for surface structures. Efforts on the study of bimrocks in Nepal are initiated recently and is considered to help identifying, addressing and solving the associated problems.
Information Technology in Tourism & Hospitality Industry: A Review of Ten Years’ Publications
Authors: Khatri Ishwar
Published: April 2019

Tourism and hospitality industry today, is changing significantly with the application of information technology in its fundamental to strategic activities. It is driven by the competition inherent within the industry as well as the evolving innovative ideas and practices. So, to match the competitive environment and to catch the changing disruption, use of information technology is inevitable. This study reviews the previous research studies related to the information technology (IT) in tourism and hospitality industry with the aim of assessing the recent changes and applications of IT in the industry. Particularly, seven major tourism and hospitality journals published in the last 10 years are reviewed which included 64 research articles relevant to IT in tourism and hospitality industry. The content analysis of the articles is categorized into three major themes, namely: fundamental purpose, internal business process or process redesign and value creation & competitive advantage. The study showed that IT in tourism and hospitality industry is most commonly used in fulfilling information need, studying behavior & performance, managing operation process and innovation process. The use of IT in promotion & marketing, customer management process and value creation & competitive advantage is yet to be explored.
Dark Tourism: A Preliminary Study of Barpak and Langtang as Seismic Memorial Sites of Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj , Aryal Dev Raj , Karki Neeru
Published: April 2019

Dark tourism is about more than a simple fascination with death, it is also a powerful lens that allows contemporary life and death to be witnessed and relationships with broader societies and culture recognized (Stone, 2013; Allman, 2017). Information about disasters and their effects to the human being draws attention to the people whoever interested to death and disaster and play very important role to attract and motivate the visitors to those places. So far, disaster tourism is also popular as dark tourism because historical and cultural identity is devasted and violent death of a large number of people occurs in the seismic memorial sites. Individuals who are participating in disaster tour are very much curious to see the impact of disaster. This article focuses on Dark Tourism: A Preliminary Study of Barpak and Langtang as Seismic Memorial Site of Nepal. Barpak was the epicentre of earthquake 2015 which caused huge suffering in the western and middle part of Nepal. Langtang is also the place which was doubly devastated. The earthquake struck, landslides and avalanches that destroyed the settlements. Through three data sources: document review, interview and direct observation, this article assesses theoretical understanding of the dark tourism, the society and culture of the seismic memorial sites, the motivation of the visitors, changing trend of visitors in Barpak and Langtang over pre, during and post-Earthquake 2015 and prospects and challenges of dark tourism in Barpak and Langtang. The study finds that the motivation and benefit to visit Barpak and Langtang are; black spot, history & heritage, cultural values, heritage & identity, survivors’ guilt, death and dying, disaster and identity, acts of memory, people’s resiliency, empathy, remembrance, education, entertainment and edutainment which are very much important in promoting dark tourism in Barpak and Langtang.
Bioactivity and mechanical properties of scaffolds based on calcium aluminate and bioactive glass
Authors: García-Álvarez G. , Escobedo-Bocardo J. C. , Cortés-Hernández D. A. , Almanza-Robles J. M.
Published: April 2019

Scaffolds were developed from mixtures of calcium aluminate (CA) and a bioactive glass (BG) and the effect of glass content on the mechanical strength and bioactivity of scaffolds was studied. Three different mixtures were tested: 95CA-5BG, 92.5CA-7.5BG and 90AC-10BG wt.%. Also, for comparison purposes, pure CA was used. In order to obtain the calcium aluminate cements (CAC), mixtures were hydrated using a water/mixture ratio by weight (w/c) of 0.4 and, with the resulting pastes, scaffolds were made by the lost-spheres method using PMMA beads. These materials showed interconnected pores (215 μm average diameter). Obtained scaffolds were loaded with antibiotic (gentamicin sulfate) and its release kinetics was studied. The evaluation of the in-vitro bioactivity was carried out by immersing scaffolds in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 7, 14 or 21 days at 36.5 °C. Compressive strength was evaluated before and after each immersion period. In all cases the formation of a Ca,P-rich compound on the surface of the scaffolds was detected after immersion in SBF. The amount of the bioactive compound formed as well as compressive strength increased as the amount of bioglass was increased. A controlled antibiotic release in SBF, with diffusion-controlled kinetics, was observed. In addition, scaffolds were not hemolytic. According to the results obtained, these materials are promising candidates for biomedical applications as drug delivery systems.
Economic Issues and Ethical Journalism in Pakistan: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Adnan Malik , Ali Arshad , Aslam Shahbaz
Published: April 2019

Journalists are expected to perform truthfully and ethically which contributes to the strengthening of democracy by sharing reliable information. However, the political economy of media suggests that political and economic elites use the media for their vested interests. Politicians and media owners exploit working journalists. Journalists are not well paid, and they are forced to do unethical practices. The present study explores the journalists’ economic issues at Gujranwala (A city of Punjab, Pakistan) and how economic issues affect the ethical practices of journalists. Data was collected through in-depth interviews of 13 working journalists of Gujranwala city. Findings revealed that journalists are facing serious economic issues and these issues are leading them to unethical practices. It is suggested that government, judiciary, NGOs and journalistic bodies should play an effective role for overcoming this alarming situation.
Effect of Working Capital Management on Firm Performance: The Role of Ownership Structure
Authors: Rahman Shams ur , Iqbal Khurshed , Nadeem Aamir
Published: April 2019

Current study investigates the effect of working capital management on firm performance with the moderating role of ownership structure. A random sample of 77 firms for the period 2011-2015 was selected. By using fixed effect model the study demonstrated statistically significant negative relationship of leverage, average collection period and quick ratio on firm performance, while current ratio, account payable and inventory turnover found with positive significant effect on Firm Performance. Further, the effect of working capital on firm performance was positively affected by Institutional ownership and negatively affected by Managerial ownership. Thus, the results suggest that the owner/manager needs to manage their limited resources efficiently for the improvement of profitability. It is also advised that investor and shareholder pay attention to the level of institutional and managerial ownership at the time of investment..
Gender, Age and Locality Based Social Intelligence Differences of B.Ed. (Hons) Students
Authors: Ali Asghar , Ahmad Iqbal , Khan Adnan
Published: April 2019

Social intelligence has increasingly caught the attention of researchers and scholars in the present times. This research aims at exploring difference in social intelligence mean of male and female university students. Secondly, it explores the effect of age and locality on social intelligence through cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from all (150) students enrolled in semester 8 and 4 BS education course in four public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). 71 were female whereas 79 were male in the sample. Data were analysed based on ANOVA test and independent sample t-test through SPSS. The study found no significant difference on gender and locality. But there was a significant relationship related to age. The findings of this study demonstrated that social intelligence increases with age.
Des œuvres décentes qui font rougir : la métaphore véhiculant la sexualité (apparemment) absente dans quelques romans zoliens
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna
Published: April 2019

Sex and sexuality are two obsessions of the 19th century. As the literature of this time, influenced by the Victorian hypocritical morality, rejects these subjects, considered as “immoral”, the relation of any form of sexual act is consequently absent in the works of 19th century writers, even of those who consider themselves as realists. However, the work of a writer like Emile Zola cannot overlook this problem, so important for naturalism. For Zola, sex is a vital activity and should be shown in works of art. Therefore, to give his writings the appearance of decency, Zola uses metaphors that “sexualise” some elements of the world of his novels, like plants, animals, things, places and everyday occupations. This allows him to show, in an imaginary way, the aspects of life that cannot be displayed openly and directly. Thank to his poetic talent these images constitute a valuable part of his Rougon-Macquart series.
Cher Antoine ou l’amour raté de Jean Anouilh – de l’absence à la présence de personnage
Authors: Kucharuk Sylwia
Published: April 2019

The eponymous hero of this little-known play by Jean Anouilh is perceived by other protagonists as absent. Nevertheless, his presence is becoming more and more vivid with the development of the plot, which is illustrated by the analysis presented in the article. It shows the process in which the absent hero transforms into a character fully present in the text. The detailed analysis of the character’s presence in particular space-time dimensions, as well as the actant analysis prove that the main character pretends to be absent from the beginning of the play in order to achieve a definite goal.