bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations of Oxide Dispersoids and Annealing on Characteristics of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Coatings and Bulks Prepared by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Chen Chun-Liang , Huang Fang-Yu
Published: April 2024

Eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) has an outstanding combination of high strength and excellent ductility due to its dual-phase structure. In this study, AlCoCrFeNi2.1 coatings on stainless steel substrates and bulk AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). The results show that EHEA coatings with a dual-phase microstructure of BCC-AlNi/FCC-CoCrFe were obtained. A long milling duration promotes a uniform microstructure and homogeneous distribution of composition in the EHEA coatings, increasing hardness. Furthermore, annealing treatment encourages the formation of Cr-rich phases and Al-rich oxides, which affect the mechanical properties of coatings and bulk materials. Additionally, the presence of oxide dispersoids can cause the embrittlement of materials due to the formation of Al-Y-O oxide pores, resulting in the degradation of the mechanical properties of materials.
The Doppler Perfusion Index of the Liver and the Underlying Duplex Sonography of Visceral Vessels—A Systematic and Comprehensive Evaluation of Reproducibility
Authors: Lueders Christian , Gladitz Johannes , Bauer Georg , Jenssen Christian , Belaschki Jana , von Kirchbach Arndt , Schneider Christoph , Kiefer Thomas , Voeller Heinz , Merkel Daniel
Published: April 2024

Prior to the curative resection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the exclusion of hepatic metastasis using cross-sectional imaging is mandatory. The Doppler perfusion index (DPI) of the liver is a promising method for detecting occult liver metastases, but the underlying visceral duplex sonography is critically viewed in terms of its reproducibility. The aim of this study was to investigate systematically the reproducibility of the measured variables, the calculated blood flow, and the DPI. Between February and September 2023, two examinations were performed on 80 subjects within a period of 0–30 days and at two previously defined quality levels, aligned to the German standards of the DEGUM. Correlation analyses were carried out using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The diameters, blood flow, and DPI showed a high degree of agreement (PCC of 0.9 and ICC of 0.9 for AHP). Provided that a precise standard of procedure is adhered to, the Doppler examination of AHC, AHP, and PV yields very reproducible blood flows and DPI, which is a prerequisite for a comprehensive investigation of its prognostic value for the prediction of metachronous hepatic metastasis in the context of curatively treated CRC or PDAC.
Tumid Lupus Erythematosus (TLE): A Review of a Rare Variant of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (cCLE) with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Daruish Maged , Ambrogio Francesca , Foti Caterina , Filosa Alessandra , Cazzato Gerardo
Published: April 2024

Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) has been the subject of heated debate regarding its correct nosographic classification. The definition of TLE has changed over time, varying according to the different studies performed. In this review, we address the initial definition of TLE, the changes that have taken place in the understanding of TLE, and its placement within the classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), with a focus on clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, and differential diagnosis aspects.
SSMA-YOLO: A Lightweight YOLO Model with Enhanced Feature Extraction and Fusion Capabilities for Drone-Aerial Ship Image Detection
Authors: Han Yuhang , Guo Jizhuang , Yang Haoze , Guan Renxiang , Zhang Tianjiao
Published: April 2024

Due to the unique distance and angles involved in satellite remote sensing, ships appear with a small pixel area in images, leading to insufficient feature representation. This results in suboptimal performance in ship detection, including potential misses and false detections. Moreover, the complexity of backgrounds in remote sensing images of ships and the clustering of vessels also adversely affect the accuracy of ship detection. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimized model named SSMA-YOLO, based on YOLOv8n. First, this paper introduces a newly designed SSC2f structure that incorporates spatial and channel convolution (SCConv) and spatial group-wise enhancement (SGE) attention mechanisms. This design reduces spatial and channel redundancies within the neural network, enhancing detection accuracy while simultaneously reducing the model’s parameter count. Second, the newly designed MC2f structure employs the multidimensional collaborative attention (MCA) mechanism to efficiently model spatial and channel features, enhancing recognition efficiency in complex backgrounds. Additionally, the asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) structure was designed for progressively fusing multi-level features from the backbone layers, overcoming challenges posed by multi-scale variations. Experiments of the ships dataset show that the proposed model achieved a 4.4% increase in mAP compared to the state-of-the-art single-stage target detection YOLOv8n model while also reducing the number of parameters by 23%.
Research on a Framework for Chinese Argot Recognition and Interpretation by Integrating Improved MECT Models
Authors: Li Mingfeng , Li Xin , Hu Mianning , Yuan Deyu
Published: April 2024

In underground industries, practitioners frequently employ argots to communicate discreetly and evade surveillance by investigative agencies. Proposing an innovative approach using word vectors and large language models, we aim to decipher and understand the myriad of argots in these industries, providing crucial technical support for law enforcement to detect and combat illicit activities. Specifically, positional differences in semantic space distinguish argots, and pre-trained language models’ corpora are crucial for interpreting them. Expanding on these concepts, the article assesses the semantic coherence of word vectors in the semantic space based on the concept of information entropy. Simultaneously, we devised a labeled argot dataset, MNGG, and developed an argot recognition framework named CSRMECT, along with an argot interpretation framework called LLMResolve. These frameworks leverage the MECT model, the large language model, prompt engineering, and the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the CSRMECT framework outperforms the current optimal model by 10% in terms of the F1 value for argot recognition on the MNGG dataset, while the LLMResolve framework achieves a 4% higher accuracy in interpretation compared to the current optimal model.The related experiments undertaken also indicate a potential correlation between vector information entropy and model performance.
Critical Reflection on Inequality and Precariousness in Contemporary Society: Reconstructing Connections from Social Intervention
Authors: Sánchez-Miranda María del Carmen , Anta-Félez José-Luis , Grana Romina , Pérez-García Rubén Gregorio
Published: April 2024

This article, oriented towards good practices in social action, is nourished by reflection on the marked inequalities and precariousness that characterise contemporary reality, focusing on how these dynamics undermine the equitable distribution of opportunities that are fundamental for a dignified existence. From this perspective, we seek to reflect on the dimensions of precariousness and inequality, allowing for the re-evaluation of interventions in different environments and critically addressing the possibility of new modalities of action. The proposed approach implies an ethical commitment to overcoming the dilemma between adhering to the logic of the market and adopting a more humane and supportive stance, challenging conventions and promoting socially responsible practices. In short, the aim is to analyse intervention, enabling the (re)understanding of inequality in the social context and questioning the social structures that generate suffering, with a view to reconstructing the essential concepts of solidarity and community in contemporary society, in a critical understanding of socio-educational action in society.
An Illustrative Case Example in a K-12 School District: Considering Sustainable Mental Health Practices within Systematic, Equitable, and Collaborative Approaches
Authors: Von Deylen Kayla , Atkinson Kaylene , Duncan Mattie
Published: April 2024

With the increased social-emotional needs of students since the COVID-19 pandemic, schools offer an opportunity to support student wellness and address needs. This article describes one district’s efforts to develop a systematic, equitable, and collaborative continuum of supports. The district used Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief funding from the U.S. Department of Education to establish new initiatives and support for students experiencing mental health struggles. These initiatives and supports include hiring a school social worker, a multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) framework, implementing universal screening tools for early identification and intervention, using data-driven decision-making, and incorporating progress monitoring efforts to document the impact of services and supports that have been provided to their students. As new initiatives with time limited funding often fail to make a lasting impact, using sustainability strategies is critical. This article describes the district’s systematic, equitable, and collaborative approaches with sustainability considerations. We also describe barriers and next steps to assist other districts in planning for change. We conclude with a discussion of implications for practice and research.
Rx to Lead—Examining Pharm.D. Leadership Development Commencing during Pharmacy School through Co-Curricular Engagement
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Wallace Jason K.
Published: April 2024

Leadership development in college is frequently cited as developing during undergraduate years. Nevertheless, some graduate and professional students develop further as leaders through involvement at the graduate level. This paper explores a case study examining the ways Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) students commenced leadership development during pharmacy school through their co-curricular involvement.
Research on Mobile Phone Backplane Defect Segmentation Based on MDAF-UNet
Authors: Chen Hao , Min Byung-Won
Published: April 2024

Mobile phone backplanes are an important part of mobile phones, and are often affected by a wide range of factors during the manufacturing process, resulting in defects of various scales and similar backgrounds. Therefore, accurately identifying these defects is crucial for improving mobile phone quality. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multi-scale and dynamic attention fusion UNet (MDAF-UNet) model. The model innovatively combines normal convolution with dilated convolution. This allows the model to capture subtle features of defects and to perceive a larger range of feature variations. Moreover, an improved attention mechanism is introduced in this paper. It fuses channel attention and spatial attention, and dynamically adjusts the feature fusion strategy with learnable weights. This allows the model to increase the attention of important features and improve the effectiveness of feature representation. Experimental results on a publicly available dataset show that the MDAF-UNet model achieves 66.9% Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU), outperforming other state-of-the-art models. This result provides an effective solution to the mobile phone backplane defect segmentation problem.
Micro Photosynthetic Power Cell Array for Energy Harvesting: Bio-Inspired Modeling, Testing and Verification
Authors: Kuruvinashetti Kirankumar , Pakkiriswami Shanmuga Sundaram , M. Panneerselvam Dhilippan , Packirisamy Muthukumaran
Published: April 2024

A micro-photosynthetic power cell (µPSC) generates electricity through the exploitation of living photosynthetic organisms through the principles of photosynthesis and respiration. Modeling such systems will enhance insights into the µPSC that can be employed to design real-time applications from µPSC. In this study, the bio-inspired electrical equivalent modeling of the array of µPSC is elucidated. The model is validated for array configurations of the micro-photosynthetic power cells. The developed arrayed model foresees the steady-state response at various electrical loadings. The polarization characteristics of the current-voltage (I-V) and current-power (I-P) characteristics of the array of µPSC in series and parallel, and their combinations in series and parallel connected µPSCs were validated with the experimental results. From this analysis, it is predicted that the arraying of the µPSC in the combination of series and parallel is the optimal array strategy to obtain the desired voltage and current from the µPSC such that it can be used to power real-time low and ultra-low power devices.
Differences and Causal Mechanisms in the Lithospheric Thermal Structures in the Cratons in East China: Implications for Their Geothermal Resource Potential
Authors: Wu Jinhui , Wang Yibo , He Lijuan , Wang Lijuan , Guan Junpeng , Chen Jun , Wang Zhuting , Wang Yaqi , Hu Shengbiao
Published: April 2024

The thermal structure of the lithosphere is key to understanding its thickness, properties, evolution, and geothermal resources. Cratons are known for their low heat flow and deep lithospheric roots. However, present-day cratons in East China have geothermal characteristics that are highly complex, with variable heat flow values, diverging from the typical thermal state of cratons. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of the geothermal geological background of the cratons in East China, summarizing the thermal state and tectono-thermal processes of different tectonic units, calculating the temperature at various depths, and discussing differences in temperature and thermal reservoirs at different depths. The observed lithospheric thermal thickness within the North Jiangsu Basin and the Bohai Bay Basin is notably reduced in comparison to that of the Jianghan Basin and the Southern North China Basin. The phenomenon of craton destruction during the Late Mesozoic emerges as a pivotal determinant, enhancing the geothermal resource prospects of both the Bohai Bay Basin and the North Jiangsu Basin. Our findings contribute significantly to the augmentation of theoretical frameworks concerning the origins of heat sources in global cratons. Furthermore, they offer invaluable insights for the methodical exploration, evaluation, advancement, and exploitation of geothermal resources.
Simultaneous Optimization of Work and Heat Exchange Networks
Authors: Ibrić Nidret , Fu Chao , Gundersen Truls
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a simultaneous optimization approach to synthesizing work and heat exchange networks (WHENs). The proposed work and heat integration (WHI) superstructure enables different thermodynamic paths of pressure and temperature-changing streams. The superstructure is connected to a heat exchanger network (HEN) superstructure, enabling the heat integration of hot and cold streams identified within the WHI superstructure. A two-step solution strategy is proposed, consisting of initialization and design steps. In the first step, a thermodynamic path model based on the WHI superstructure is combined with a model for simultaneous optimization and heat integration. This nonlinear programming (NLP) model aims to minimize operating expenditures and provide an initial solution for the second optimization step. In addition, hot and cold streams are identified, enabling additional model reduction. In the second step of the proposed solution approach, a thermodynamic path model is combined with the modified HEN model to minimize the network’s total annualized cost (TAC). The proposed mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is validated by several examples, exploring the impact of the equipment costing and annualization factor on the optimal network design. The results from these case studies clearly indicate that the new synthesis approach proposed in this paper produces solutions that are consistently similar to or better than the designs presented in the literature using other methodologies.
Improving the Amount of Captured Energy of a Point-Absorber WEC on the Mexican Coast
Authors: Martinez Flores Alejandro , Medina Rodríguez Ayrton Alfonso , Mendoza Edgar , Silva Rodolfo
Published: April 2024

Although there are constant improvements in wave energy converter (WEC) technology, it is crucial to investigate site-specific sea conditions for optimal power absorption and efficiency. This study compares the efficiency of a floating buoy-type WEC device, with three differently shaped floats: a semi-sphere, a cylinder considered suitable for a location near Ensenada, on the Baja California peninsula, and a novel, rounded, semi-rectangular float. A statistical analysis of the wave climate of the last 42 years was performed to define the conditions to which the device is subjected. The WEC location was chosen for shallow waters, using a computational model that solves the modified mild slope equation. The hydrodynamic response of the three float designs was then analyzed in the frequency and time domains, using the software ANSYS AQWA 19.2, to assess the dynamics of the floating body, the forces exerted, and the power absorbed, as well as the suitability of the proposed power take-off (PTO) system. The findings show that the proposed float design absorbs the most energy, with an annual power of 135.11 MW, and that the PTO mechanism is appropriate.
Advanced Flame front Detection in Combustion Processes Using Autoencoder Approach
Authors: Ricci Federico , Mariani Francesco
Published: April 2024

This research explores the detection of flame front evolution in spark-ignition engines using an innovative neural network, the autoencoder. High-speed camera images from an optical access engine were analyzed under different air excess coefficient λ conditions to evaluate the autoencoder’s performance. This study compared this new approach (AE) with an established method used by the same research group (BR) across multiple combustion cycles. Results revealed that the AE method outperformed the BR in accurately identifying flame pixels and significantly reducing overestimations outside the flame boundary. AE exhibited higher sensitivity levels, indicating its superior ability to identify pixels and minimize errors compared to the BR method. Additionally, AE’s accuracy in representing combustion evolution was notably improved, offering a more detailed depiction of the process. AE’s strength lies in its independence from specific threshold searches, a requirement in the BR method. By relying on learned representations within its latent space, AE eliminates laborious threshold exploration, ensuring reliability and reducing workload pressures. Comparative analyses consistently confirmed AE’s superior performance in accurately reproducing and delineating combustion evolution compared to BR. This study highlights AE’s potential as a promising technique for precise flame front detection in combustion processes. Its ability to autonomously extract features, minimize errors, and enhance overall accuracy signifies a significant step forward in analyzing flame fronts. AE’s reliability, reduced need for manual intervention, and adaptability across various conditions suggest a promising future for improving combustion analysis techniques in spark-ignition engines with optical access.
Numerical Analysis of New PCM Thermal Storage Systems
Authors: Fabbri Giampietro , Greppi Matteo , Amati Federico
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a thermal storage system based on a phase change material is proposed and investigated. The system is composed of several tubes that cross a phase change material mass. A fluid flowing in the tubes charges and discharges the heat storage system. A mathematical model of the system has been developed, which provides the time and space distribution of velocity, temperature, and liquid phase-changing material concentration in a non-stationary regime. A hybrid solution method based on finite volumes and finite differences techniques has been employed for the model equations in the MATLAB environment. To the tubes, a rectangular cross section has been assigned. The performance of the system in terms of accumulated energy density and accumulated power density has been investigated by varying some geometric parameters. The considered geometric parameters influence the number of tubes per unit of system width, the tube hydraulic resistance, the amount of phase change material around each tube, the heat transfer surface of the tube, and the heat storage velocity. In the parametric analysis, peaks have been evidenced in the investigated performance parameters at different instants after the beginning of the heat storage.
Vitamin C Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
Authors: Muhammad Abdullateef Mukhtar , Yang Chang , Wang Jingyuan , Ge Xianping , Liu Bo , Miao Linghong , Gao Guodong , Zhou Qunlan
Published: April 2024

Vitamin C (VC) can be used to increase disease resistance in practice in intensive aquaculture. But it is still unconfirmed whether VC could alleviate inflammation and what dosage is suitable. This study investigated the effects of dietary VC on the immunity and enteritis of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The fish were fed with VC levels ranging from 25.35 to 2231.98 mg/kg for 60 days. After that, fish fed with 150.65 mg/kg, 573.79 mg/kg, and 2231.98 mg/kg VC were challenged with A. hydrophila orally to simulate enteritis. The results showed that 285.39 and 573.79 mg/kg dietary VC significant improved growth performance and feed utilization. Dietary VC (573.79 and 1133.79 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the serum immune parameters, antioxidant enzymes’ activities, and relative gene expressions of ikbα and cat in the liver in the 60-day feeding trail. The survival rate was significantly higher in 573.79 mg/kg dietary VC group than the other two treatments. Cytokines were activated after the bacteria challenge. Dietary 573.79 mg/kg VC caused significantly higher TNF-α level at 12 hpi and maintained a high level of IL-8 at 48 to 72 h compared to other treatments. In conclusion, more than 500 mg/kg VC was needed to maintain the health of blunt snout bream juveniles. Suitable VC would activate cytokines to increase disease resistance along with antioxidant enzymes.
Developmental and Housekeeping Genes: Two Types of Genetic Organization in the Drosophila Genome
Authors: Zhimulev Igor , Vatolina Tatyana , Levitsky Victor , Tsukanov Anton
Published: April 2024

We developed a procedure for locating genes on Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes and described three types of chromosome structures (gray bands, black bands, and interbands), which differed markedly in morphological and genetic properties. This was reached through the use of our original methods of molecular and genetic analysis, electron microscopy, and bioinformatics data processing. Analysis of the genome-wide distribution of these properties led us to a bioinformatics model of the Drosophila genome organization, in which the genome was divided into two groups of genes. One was constituted by 6562 genes that are expressed in most cell types during life cycle and perform basic cellular functions (the so-called "housekeeping genes"). The other one was made up of 3162 genes that are expressed only at particular stages of development (“developmental genes”). These two groups of genes are so different that we may state that the genome has two types of genetic organization. Different are the timings of their expression, chromatin packaging levels, the composition of activating and deactivating proteins, the sizes of these genes, the lengths of their introns, the organization of the promoter regions of the genes, the locations of origin recognition complexes (ORCs), and DNA replication timings.
Calcium and Neural Stem Cell Proliferation
Authors: Díaz-Piña Dafne Astrid , Rivera-Ramírez Nayeli , García-López Guadalupe , Díaz Néstor Fabián , Molina-Hernández Anayansi
Published: April 2024

Intracellular calcium plays a pivotal role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating various processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and maturation. However, understanding the involvement of calcium (Ca2+) in these processes during CNS development is challenging due to the dynamic nature of this cation and the evolving cell populations during development. While Ca2+ transient patterns have been observed in specific cell processes and molecules responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis have been identified in excitable and non-excitable cells, further research into Ca2+ dynamics and the underlying mechanisms in neural stem cells (NSCs) is required. This review focuses on molecules involved in Ca2+ entrance expressed in NSCs in vivo and in vitro, which are crucial for Ca2+ dynamics and signaling. It also discusses how these molecules might play a key role in balancing cell proliferation for self-renewal or promoting differentiation. These processes are finely regulated in a time-dependent manner throughout brain development, influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors that directly or indirectly modulate Ca2+ dynamics. Furthermore, this review addresses the potential implications of understanding Ca2+ dynamics in NSCs for treating neurological disorders. Despite significant progress in this field, unraveling the elements contributing to Ca2+ intracellular dynamics in cell proliferation remains a challenging puzzle that requires further investigation.
Molecular Structure of Salicylic Acid and Its Hydrates: A Rotational Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Macario Alberto , López Juan Carlos , Blanco Susana
Published: April 2024

We present a study of salicylic acid and its hydrates, with up to four water molecules, done by employing chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. We employed the spectral data set of the parent, 13C, and 2H isotopologues to determine the molecular structure and characterize the intra- and intermolecular interactions of salicylic acid and its monohydrate. Complementary theoretical calculations were done to support the analysis of the experimental results. For the monomer, we analyzed structural properties, such as the angular-group-induced bond alternation (AGIBA) effect. In the microsolvates, we analyzed their main structural features dominated by the interaction of water with the carboxylic acid group. This work contributes to seeding information on how water molecules accumulate around this group. Moreover, we discussed the role of cooperative effects further stabilizing the observed inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bond interactions.
Influence of Various Strontium Formulations (Ranelate, Citrate, and Chloride) on Bone Mineral Density, Morphology, and Microarchitecture: A Comparative Study in an Ovariectomized Female Mouse Model of Osteoporosis
Authors: Tomczyk-Warunek Agnieszka , Turżańska Karolina , Posturzyńska Agnieszka , Kowal Filip , Blicharski Tomasz , Pano Inés Torné , Winiarska-Mieczan Anna , Nikodem Anna , Dresler Sławomir , Sowa Ireneusz , Wójciak Magdalena , Dobrowolski Piotr
Published: April 2024

Osteoporosis stands out as a prevalent skeletal ailment, prompting exploration into potential treatments, including dietary strontium ion supplements. This study assessed the efficacy of supplementation of three strontium forms—strontium citrate (SrC), strontium ranelate (SrR), and strontium chloride (SrCl)—for enhancing bone structure in 50 female SWISS mice, aged seven weeks. In total, 40 mice underwent ovariectomy, while 10 underwent sham ovariectomy. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: OVX (no supplementation), OVX + SrR, OVX + SrC, and OVX + SrCl, at concentrations equivalent to the molar amount of strontium. After 16 weeks, micro-CT examined trabeculae and cortical bones, and whole-bone strontium content was determined. Results confirm strontium administration increased bone tissue mineral density (TMD) and Sr content, with SrC exhibiting the weakest effect. Femur morphometry showed limited Sr impact, especially in the OVX + SrC group. This research highlights strontium’s potential in bone health, emphasizing variations in efficacy among its forms.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Gliomas: Exploiting a Dual-Effect Dysfunction through Chemical Pharmaceutical Compounds and Natural Derivatives for Therapeutical Uses
Authors: García-López Daniel , Zaragoza-Ojeda Montserrat , Eguía-Aguilar Pilar , Arenas-Huertero Francisco
Published: April 2024

The endoplasmic reticulum maintains proteostasis, which can be disrupted by oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, lack of ATP, and toxicity caused by xenobiotic compounds, all of which can result in the accumulation of misfolded proteins. These stressors activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to restore proteostasis and avoid cell death. However, endoplasmic response-associated degradation (ERAD) is sometimes triggered to degrade the misfolded and unassembled proteins instead. If stress persists, cells activate three sensors: PERK, IRE-1, and ATF6. Glioma cells can use these sensors to remain unresponsive to chemotherapeutic treatments. In such cases, the activation of ATF4 via PERK and some proteins via IRE-1 can promote several types of cell death. The search for new antitumor compounds that can successfully and directly induce an endoplasmic reticulum stress response ranges from ligands to oxygen-dependent metabolic pathways in the cell capable of activating cell death pathways. Herein, we discuss the importance of the ER stress mechanism in glioma and likely therapeutic targets within the UPR pathway, as well as chemicals, pharmaceutical compounds, and natural derivatives of potential use against gliomas.
MiR-21 Regulates Growth and Migration of Cervical Cancer Cells by RECK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Aguilar-Martínez Seidy Y. , Campos-Viguri Gabriela E. , Medina-García Selma E. , García-Flores Ricardo J. , Deas Jessica , Gómez-Cerón Claudia , Pedroza-Torres Abraham , Bautista-Rodríguez Elizabeth , Fernández-Tilapa Gloria , Rodríguez-Dorantes Mauricio , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Peralta-Zaragoza Oscar
Published: April 2024

Expression of miR-21 has been found to be altered in almost all types of cancers, and it has been classified as an oncogenic microRNA. In addition, the expression of tumor suppressor gene RECK is associated with miR-21 overexpression in high-grade cervical lesions. In the present study, we analyze the role of miR-21 in RECK gene regulation in cervical cancer cells. To identify the downstream cellular target genes of upstream miR-21, we silenced endogenous miR-21 expression using siRNAs. We analyzed the expression of miR-21 and RECK, as well as functional effects on cell proliferation and migration. We found that in cervical cancer cells, there was an inverse correlation between miR-21 expression and RECK mRNA and protein expression. SiRNAs to miR-21 increased luciferase reporter activity in construct plasmids containing the RECK-3′-UTR microRNA response elements MRE21-1, MRE21-2, and MRE21-3. The role of miR-21 in cell proliferation was also analyzed, and cancer cells transfected with siRNAs exhibited a markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration. Our findings indicate that miR-21 post-transcriptionally down-regulates the expression of RECK to promote cell proliferation and cell migration inhibition in cervical cancer cell survival. Therefore, miR-21 and RECK may be potential therapeutic targets in gene therapy for cervical cancer.
Agnostic Administration of Targeted Anticancer Drugs: Looking for a Balance between Hype and Caution
Authors: Aleksakhina Svetlana N. , Ivantsov Alexander O. , Imyanitov Evgeny N.
Published: April 2024

Many tumors have well-defined vulnerabilities, thus potentially allowing highly specific and effective treatment. There is a spectrum of actionable genetic alterations which are shared across various tumor types and, therefore, can be targeted by a given drug irrespective of tumor histology. Several agnostic drug-target matches have already been approved for clinical use, e.g., immune therapy for tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or high tumor mutation burden (TMB), NTRK1-3 and RET inhibitors for cancers carrying rearrangements in these kinases, and dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E mutated malignancies. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this histology-independent approach is also reasonable for tumors carrying ALK and ROS1 translocations, biallelic BRCA1/2 inactivation and/or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), strong HER2 amplification/overexpression coupled with the absence of other MAPK pathway-activating mutations, etc. On the other hand, some well-known targets are not agnostic: for example, PD-L1 expression is predictive for the efficacy of PD-L1/PD1 inhibitors only in some but not all cancer types. Unfortunately, the individual probability of finding a druggable target in a given tumor is relatively low, even with the use of comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays. Nevertheless, the rapidly growing utilization of NGS will significantly increase the number of patients with highly unusual or exceptionally rare tumor-target combinations. Clinical trials may provide only a framework for treatment attitudes, while the decisions for individual patients usually require case-by-case consideration of the probability of deriving benefit from agnostic versus standard therapy, drug availability, associated costs, and other circumstances. The existing format of data dissemination may not be optimal for agnostic cancer medicine, as conventional scientific journals are understandably biased towards the publication of positive findings and usually discourage the submission of case reports. Despite all the limitations and concerns, histology-independent drug-target matching is certainly feasible and, therefore, will be increasingly utilized in the future.
Roles of Integrin in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Implications
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhang Qingfang , Lu Yutong , Chen Jianrui , Liu Jinkai , Li Zhuohan , Xie Zhenzhen
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health threat due to their complex pathogenesis and high incidence, imposing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. Integrins, a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that are located on the cell membrane, have emerged as key players in mediating the occurrence and progression of CVDs by regulating the physiological activities of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets, fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and various immune cells. The crucial role of integrins in the progression of CVDs has valuable implications for targeted therapies. In this context, the development and application of various integrin antibodies and antagonists have been explored for antiplatelet therapy and anti-inflammatory-mediated tissue damage. Additionally, the rise of nanomedicine has enhanced the specificity and bioavailability of precision therapy targeting integrins. Nevertheless, the complexity of the pathogenesis of CVDs presents tremendous challenges for monoclonal targeted treatment. This paper reviews the mechanisms of integrins in the development of atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, hypertension, and arrhythmias, which may pave the way for future innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
The Catalytic Activity of Human REV1 on Undamaged and Damaged DNA
Authors: Stolyarenko Anastasia D. , Novikova Anna A. , Shilkin Evgeniy S. , Poltorachenko Valentin A. , Makarova Alena V.
Published: April 2024

Eukaryotic REV1 serves as a scaffold protein for the coordination of DNA polymerases during DNA translesion synthesis. Besides this structural role, REV1 is a Y-family DNA polymerase with its own distributive deoxycytidyl transferase activity. However, data about the accuracy and efficiency of DNA synthesis by REV1 in the literature are contrasting. Here, we expressed and purified the full-length human REV1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized its activity on undamaged DNA and a wide range of damaged DNA templates. We demonstrated that REV1 carried out accurate synthesis opposite 8-oxoG and O6-meG with moderate efficiency. It also replicated thymine glycol surprisingly well in an error-prone manner, but was blocked by the intrastrand 1,2-GG cisplatin crosslink. By using the 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 7-deaza-adenine lesions, we have provided biochemical evidence of the importance for REV1 functioning of the Hoogsteen face of template A, the second preferable template after G.
Research Progress of Small Plant Peptides on the Regulation of Plant Growth, Development, and Abiotic Stress
Authors: Ren Guocheng , Zhang Yanling , Chen Zengting , Xue Xin , Fan Hai
Published: April 2024

Small peptides in plants are typically characterized as being shorter than 120 amino acids, with their biologically active variants comprising fewer than 20 amino acids. These peptides are instrumental in regulating plant growth, development, and physiological processes, even at minimal concentrations. They play a critical role in long-distance signal transduction within plants and act as primary responders to a range of stress conditions, including salinity, alkalinity, drought, high temperatures, and cold. This review highlights the crucial roles of various small peptides in plant growth and development, plant resistance to abiotic stress, and their involvement in long-distance transport. Furthermore, it elaborates their roles in the regulation of plant hormone biosynthesis. Special emphasis is given to the functions and mechanisms of small peptides in plants responding to abiotic stress conditions, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers working on the comprehensive study and practical application of small peptides.
The Oligomeric State of Vasorin in the Plasma Membrane Measured Non-Invasively by Quantitative Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy
Authors: Liang Junyi , Smith Adam W.
Published: April 2024

Vasorin (VASN), a transmembrane protein heavily expressed in endothelial cells, has garnered recent interest due to its key role in vascular development and pathology. The oligomeric state of VASN is a crucial piece of knowledge given that receptor clustering is a frequent regulatory mechanism in downstream signaling activation and amplification. However, documentation of VASN oligomerization is currently absent. In this brief report, we describe the measurement of VASN oligomerization in its native membranous environment, leveraging a class of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Our investigation revealed that the majority of VASN resides in a monomeric state, while a minority of VASN forms homodimers in the cellular membrane. This result raises the intriguing possibility that ligand-independent clustering of VASN may play a role in transforming growth factor signaling.
The Golgi Apparatus: A Key Player in Innate Immunity
Authors: Mărunţelu Ion , Constantinescu Alexandra-Elena , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Constantinescu Ileana
Published: April 2024

The Golgi apparatus, long recognized for its roles in protein processing and vesicular trafficking, has recently been identified as a crucial contributor to innate immune signaling pathways. This review discusses our expanding understanding of the Golgi apparatus’s involvement in initiating and activating these pathways. It highlights the significance of membrane connections between the Golgi and other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endosomes, and autophagosomes. These connections are vital for the efficient transmission of innate immune signals and the activation of effector responses. Furthermore, the article delves into the Golgi apparatus’s roles in key immune pathways, including the inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1, the cGAS-STING pathway, and TLR/RLR signaling. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the multifunctional nature of the Golgi apparatus and its impact on innate immunity.
Effect of Addition of Tannin Extract from Underutilized Resources on Allergenic Proteins, Color and Textural Properties of Egg White Gels
Authors: Tsurunaga Yoko , Ishigaki Mika , Takahashi Tetsuya , Arima Shiori , Kumagai Sae , Tsujii Yoshimasa , Koyama Shota
Published: April 2024

Tannins, present in numerous plants, exhibit a binding affinity for proteins. In this study, we aimed to exploit this property to reduce the concentration of allergenic egg white proteins. Tannins were extracted, using hot water, from the lyophilized powder of underutilized resources, such as chestnut inner skin (CIS), young persimmon fruit (YPF), and bayberry leaves (BBLs). These extracts were then incorporated into an egg white solution (EWS) to generate an egg white gel (EWG). Allergen reduction efficacy was assessed using electrophoresis and ELISA. Our findings revealed a substantial reduction in allergenic proteins across all EWGs containing a 50% tannin extract. Notably, CIS and BBL exhibited exceptional efficacy in reducing low allergen levels. The addition of tannin extract resulted in an increase in the total polyphenol content of the EWG, with the order of effectiveness being CIS > YPF > BBL. Minimal color alteration was observed in the BBL-infused EWG compared to the other sources. Additionally, the introduction of tannin extract heightened the hardness stress, with BBL demonstrating the most significant effect, followed by CIS and YPF. In conclusion, incorporating tannin extract during EWG preparation was found to decrease the concentration of allergenic proteins while enhancing antioxidant properties and hardness stress, with BBL being particularly effective in preventing color changes in EWG.
Insights on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α-Positive Interstitial Cells in the Male Reproductive Tract
Authors: Hiroshige Tasuku , Uemura Kei-Ichiro , Nakamura Kei-Ichiro , Igawa Tsukasa
Published: April 2024

Male infertility is a significant factor in approximately half of all infertility cases and is marked by a decreased sperm count and motility. A decreased sperm count is caused by not only a decreased production of sperm but also decreased numbers successfully passing through the male reproductive tract. Smooth muscle movement may play an important role in sperm transport in the male reproductive tract; thus, understanding the mechanism of this movement is necessary to elucidate the cause of sperm transport disorder. Recent studies have highlighted the presence of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)-positive interstitial cells (PICs) in various smooth muscle organs. Although research is ongoing, PICs in the male reproductive tract may be involved in the regulation of smooth muscle movement, as they are in other smooth muscle organs. This review summarizes the findings to date on PICs in male reproductive organs. Further exploration of the structural, functional, and molecular characteristics of PICs could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of male infertility and potentially lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Unsteady Flows and Component Interaction in Turbomachinery
Authors: Salvadori Simone , Insinna Massimiliano , Martelli Francesco
Published: April 2024

Unsteady component interaction represents a crucial topic in turbomachinery design and analysis. Combustor/turbine interaction is one of the most widely studied topics both using experimental and numerical methods due to the risk of failure of high-pressure turbine blades by unexpected deviation of hot flow trajectory and local heat transfer characteristics. Compressor/combustor interaction is also of interest since it has been demonstrated that, under certain conditions, a non-uniform flow field feeds the primary zone of the combustor where the high-pressure compressor blade passing frequency can be clearly individuated. At the integral scale, the relative motion between vanes and blades in compressor and turbine stages governs the aerothermal performance of the gas turbine, especially in the presence of shocks. At the inertial scale, high turbulence levels generated in the combustion chamber govern wall heat transfer in the high-pressure turbine stage, and wakes generated by low-pressure turbine vanes interact with separation bubbles at low-Reynolds conditions by suppressing them. The necessity to correctly analyze these phenomena obliges the scientific community, the industry, and public funding bodies to cooperate and continuously build new test rigs equipped with highly accurate instrumentation to account for real machine effects. In computational fluid dynamics, researchers developed fast and reliable methods to analyze unsteady blade-row interaction in the case of uneven blade count conditions as well as component interaction by using different closures for turbulence in each domain using high-performance computing. This research effort results in countless publications that contribute to unveiling the actual behavior of turbomachinery flow. However, the great number of publications also results in fragmented information that risks being useless in a practical situation. Therefore, it is useful to collect the most relevant outcomes and derive general conclusions that may help the design of next-gen turbomachines. In fact, the necessity to meet the emission limits defined by the Paris agreement in 2015 obliges the turbomachinery community to consider revolutionary cycles in which component interaction plays a crucial role. In the present paper, the authors try to summarize almost 40 years of experimental and numerical research in the component interaction field, aiming at both providing a comprehensive overview and defining the most relevant conclusions obtained in this demanding research field.
Antennal Transcriptome Evaluation and Analysis for Odorant-Binding Proteins, Chemosensory Proteins, and Suitable Reference Genes in the Leaf Beetle Pest Diorhabda rybakowi Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Xi Bo-Xin , Cui Xiao-Ning , Shang Su-Qin , Li Guang-Wei , Dewer Youssef , Li Chang-Ning , Hu Gui-Xin , Wang Yan
Published: April 2024

Diorhabda rybakowi Weise is one of the dominant pests feeding on Nitraria spp., a pioneer plant used for windbreaking and sand fixation purposes, and poses a threat to local livestock and ecosystems. To clarify the key olfactory genes of D. rybakowi and provide a theoretical basis for attractant and repellent development, the optimal reference genes under two different conditions (tissue and sex) were identified, and the bioinformatics and characterization of the tissue expression profiles of two categories of soluble olfactory proteins (OBPs and CSPs) were investigated. The results showed that the best reference genes were RPL13a and RPS18 for comparison among tissues, and RPL19 and RPS18 for comparison between sexes. Strong expressions of DrybOBP3, DrybOBP6, DrybOBP7, DrybOBP10, DrybOBP11, DrybCSP2, and DrybCSP5 were found in antennae, the most important olfactory organ for D. rybakowi. These findings not only provide a basis for further in-depth research on the olfactory molecular mechanisms of host-specialized pests but also provide a theoretical basis for the future development of new chemical attractants or repellents using volatiles to control D. rybakowi.