bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydromagnetic Heat and Mass Transfer on a Permeable Flat Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium
Authors: Pradhan R. , Swain K. , Dash G.C.
Published: February 2021

The steady boundary layer viscous incompressible fluid flow on a permeable flat plate embedded in a porous medium has been considered in the present study. The momentum transport phenomena are subjected to external magnetic field, permeability of the porous medium and cross flow due to presence of suction and injection. Moreover, the heat transfer phenomena consider the loss of thermal energy due to radiation and mass transfer phenomena accounts for the generative/destructive chemical reaction of the reactive species as well. Most importantly, the temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid makes the present study more realistic. The numerical solution presented through graphs brings out the interesting outcomes: The higher rate of suction enhances the fluid temperature. This observation is akin to the fact that the higher suction brings the molecules closure hence the heat transfer increases. The porous medium, embedding the plate, acts as a coolant by reducing the fluid temperature.
Cochlear Implant: Effect of the Number of Channel and Frequency Selectivity on Speech Understanding in Noise Preliminary Results in Simulation with Normal-Hearing Subjects
Authors: Cucis P.A. , Berger-Vachon C. , Hermann R. , Thaï-Van H. , Gallego S. , Truy E.
Published: February 2021

The cochlear implant is the most successful implantable device for the rehabilitation of profound deafness. However, in some cases, the electrical stimulation delivered by the electrode can spread inside the cochlea creating overlap and interaction between frequency channels. By using channel-selection algorithms like the “nofm” coding-strategy, channel interaction can be reduced. This paper describes the preliminary results of experiments conducted with normal hearing subjects (n = 9). Using a vocoder, the present study simulated the hearing through a cochlear implant. Speech understanding in noise was measured by varying the number of selected channels (“nofm”: 4, 8, 12 and 16of20) and the degree of simulated channel interaction (“Low”, “Medium”, “High”). Also, with the vocoder, we evaluated the impact of simulated channel interaction on frequency selectivity by measuring psychoacoustic tuning curves. The results showed a significant average effect of the signal-to-noise ratio (p < 0.0001), the degree of channel interaction (p < 0.0001) and the number of selected channels, (p = 0.029). The highest degree of channel interaction significantly decreases intelligibility as well as frequency selectivity. These results underline the importance of measuring channel interaction for cochlear implanted patients to have a prognostic test and to adjust fitting methods in consequence. The next step of this project will be to transpose these experiments to implant users, to support our results.
A User-Centered Approach to Design a Mobile Application for Chronic Pain Management
Authors: Liu Yingdong , Encelle Benoît , Sehaba Karim
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a user-centered approach for the design/re-design of a mobile application for chronic pain management, with a focus on chronic low back pain, sometimes referred to as "invisible disability". Within the framework of a multidisciplinary project involving physicians, patients and computer scientists, the work presented here describes firstly an identification and representation process of the needs/expectations of the users of such an application (patients/physicians), based on a data-driven persona development method and, secondly, an evaluation process of the user experience (UX) of the current version of the application, using among others usability tests. The aim of the approach is to establish (re-)design guidelines in order to improve this kind of application.
Open and Configurable Heterogeneous Data Recording Device for Clinical Trials
Authors: Kokosy A. , Saey P. , Tagne G. , Oukhrid A. , Degallaix T. , Troch M. , De Schuyter D. , Verhoeven A.
Published: February 2021

This article presents a heterogeneous, open and configurable data recording device to facilitate the implementation of clinical trials. It includes an embedded system connected via USB to an Android device, and a database in the Cloud. Using an Android application, it is possible to configure each clinical trial according to the needs of the test protocol and the people involved in the study. This device ensures the recording and storage of data from both the various sensors used and the questionnaires. This original device was used during the implementation of the clinical trials for a powered wheelchair “Obstacle Alerting System”. This system will be mounted on the wheelchairs of the people participating in the clinical trials and used for 14 days in their real life environment.
Practice of Autonomous Learning Mode in the Course of “Web Design and Production”
Authors: Li Yao
Published: February 2021

The autonomous learning model is one of the dominant learning models in the era of “Internet + education”. It is sought after by teachers and students in universities. The learning style of college students is shifting from passive to active learning. And the traditional teaching model in the course of “Web Design and Production” is easy to cause the problems of poor learning enthusiasm of students and low teaching effect. According to the characteristics of the course, this article explores how autonomous learning can stimulate students’ learning motivation and improve the learning effect of this course. It also designs a corresponding autonomous learning instructional model to mobilize students’ learning enthusiasm, and to improve the instructional efficiency of the course.
El desarrollo como complejización
Authors: Silva Rivera J. Alberto
Published: February 2021

Con una postura humanista, no especializada, procuro hacer entender el desarrollo como un proceso de los individuos, los grupos y las naciones. Además, a través de algunas categorías conceptuales del pensamiento complejo, busco comprender la trascendencia de la apropiación que debe tener del tema la gente del común, para así producir un auténtico desarrollo
The impact of globalization processes on the content of migration legislation
Authors: Sadokhina Nataliya
Published: February 2021

The relevance of this study is determined by the critical importance of migration for international cooperation and intrastate development. The processes of globalization and migration are interrelated sociopolitical phenomena that require an adequate legal assessment. However, the law should not only commit the consequences of these processes, but also, if possible, regulate them in order to prevent a destructive influence on the states development. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of globalization and regional integration on the legal systems of member states of various types of international associations. The methods of attaining this aim include: dialectics, which allows to look at the processes under consideration from the view point of their mutual influence and dynamics; analysis and synthesis, through which the inalienable signs of phenomena are studied; induction and deduction as methods of a philosophical approach to the relationship between general and particular, while characterizing the interdependence of international and intrastate law. We pay considerable attention to special legal methods – comparative legal and formal legal, contributing to an all-sided study of the legal regulation of migration processes in individual countries. We base our conclusions on an assessment of the impact of international law on intrastate legal regulation in the field of migration, which is not only retrospective, but also prospective. We note the impact of pandemic on the migration legislation development.
The issues of implementing legislation on personal data in the era of big data
Authors: Shebunova Ekaterina
Published: February 2021

We consider the impact of automation processes on the implementation of external financial control. We study the practical application features of new sources of data analysis – state information systems. In particular, the legal regulation of the functioning of such systems and their use for financial control purposes. We present methods for collecting and analyzing big data in order to improve the legal regulation of the budgetary process, as well as the law enforcement practice of using big data arising in the process of digitalization of the control and supervisory activities of external financial control bodies. We focus on the fact that big data analysis methods (for ex-ample, spatial analysis, social network analysis, machine learning, etc.) can be used to implement state financial control over the activities of nonprofit organizations. We find that improved methods of collecting and analyzing data helps not only to respond flexibly to sudden changes and make faster and more accurate decisions, but also to use large databases, which, in turn, allows us to move from monitoring the legality of spending to analyzing the effectiveness of use financial resources of the state. Based on the given ex-amples, we conclude that automation contributes to improving the methods of state financial control.
Pledge of intellectual property rights
Authors: Savina Anna
Published: February 2021

We consider certain issues of pledge of intellectual property, analyze the definitions of the concepts “pledge”, “intellectual property”, “objects of intellectual rights”, etc. We comprehend the issues of civil law regulation of pledge relations, investigate the mechanisms of state support for the intel-lectual property pledge, and identify a number of factors that determine the positive effect of innovative enterprises development, receiving loans secured by intellectual property. We describe the risk factors of pledged collateral for loans, we note the criteria according to which the borrower has the right to conclude an agreement on the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to small and medium-sized businesses to expense reimbursement associated with obtaining loans secured by intellectual property rights. We pay attention to the issue of correlation of derivative rights with an independent object of pledge. We examine the insurance and market issues related to the risk factors of intellectual property pledge. We study the practice of granting loans secured by intellectual property, and also analyze the statistical indicators of such practice in individual countries of Europe and Asia.
Iluminação natural em habitação multifamiliar
Authors: Techio Liliana Martins , Zambonato Bruna , Grigoletti Giane de Campos , Claro Anderson
Published: February 2021

A iluminação natural é importante tanto para a eficiência energética das edificações, quanto para o conforto visual e bem-estar dos usuários. Este artigo avalia a disponibilidade de iluminação natural no Conjunto Residencial Videiras, em Santa Maria, RS, empreendimento de habitação multifamiliar do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida do governo federal. O método considerou a Autonomia da Luz Natural (DA) e a Iluminância Útil de Luz Natural (UDI), obtidas por simulação com o programa APOLUX. A avaliação considerou recomendações da NBR15575 e do RTQ-R, para três ambientes: (1) dormitório principal, (2) sala, (3) cozinha e lavanderia. A opinião de usuários também foi levantada, por meio de questionários. Os resultados obtidos por simulação indicam que são atendidos os níveis de iluminância preconizados pela NBR 15575 e pelo RTQ-R. No entanto, tomando como critério o nível 120 lux, este não é atingido em todos os cômodos simulados. A grande maioria dos usuários expressou satisfação com a iluminação natural disponível. Observou-se que os usuários desenvolvem tarefas domiciliares que exigem níveis mais altos de iluminância do que aqueles indicados nas normas e regulamentos brasileiros. A partir dos resultados, são indicadas diretrizes que visam contribuir para o melhor desempenho lumínico em habitações multifamiliares. Os resultados apontam também a necessidade de rever tais parâmetros para adequá-los à realidade social e econômica do contexto.
Teachers' Role in Developing 21st Century Skills Among Secondary School Students in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Ahmed Ali Alhawri Abdulghani , Ali Naji Alqudsi Abduiwasea
Published: February 2021

This research study aimed to identify the twenty-first century skills needed by secondary school students in the Republic of Yemen as well as the teacher's role in developing these skills among students. The study used the descriptive method, and administered  a questionnaire to a random sample of (367) students.  The research came out with a list of the 21st century skills needed for high school students. The study findings revealed that there is a disparity in the teacher's role played in developing those skills.  While teacher's role in developing the skill of cooperation and effective communication received the highest mean, developing the skill of critical thinking, and the skill of the digital age scored the lowest mean. In addition, the results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in students' responses attributed to the gender variable on the skill of critical thinking in favor of males, and on leadership skills and decision making skills in favor of females. In light of these results, it was recommended that colleges of education and teacher preparation institutes should pay more attention to preparing their teachers in a manner consistent with the skills of the 21st  century, particularly critical thinking skills and digital skills. Schools should also be provided with technological facilities, and the curriculum should include 21st skills as well as teachers' roles in developing such skills.

Keywords: role, teacher, skills, 21st century.
Analysis of Potential Waste-to-Energy Plant in Final Waste Disposal Sites iIn Indonesia Towards SDGs 2030 (A Literature Review)
Authors: Sarasati Yuliana , Azizah R. , Zuhairoh Zia Azuro , Sulistyorini Lilis , Prasasti Corie Indria , Latif Mohd Talib
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Waste processing in Final Disposal Sites (FDS) in Indonesia is still dominated by open dumping. This condition causes health and environmental problems and inhibits the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Waste is biomass that can be converted into electrical energy through the Waste-to-Energy Plant (WtE Plant) installation. This article aimed to illustrate the potential of WtE Plant in the FDS in Indonesia in supporting the achievement of SDGs 2030. Discussion: Most waste in the FDS are dominated by organic waste with the highwater content of 60-70% but have a calorific value almost equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. Most studies show the WtE Plant uses a thermal method (incinerator) than other technologies because it has a superior value in the technical aspects (easy operation and high generated energy around 9.86%), economy aspects (medium investment value, but high profit with moderate payback period around 6.5 years) environmental aspects (reduction of waste up to 70-80% and emissions), and lower public health impacts than those produced by open dumping and coal systems. For environmentally safe optimal results, it is necessary to reduce wastewater content, increase pollution control units, and implement an integrated monitoring system. Conclusion: The implementation of WtE Plant can accelerate to achieve the SDGs 2030, especially the 7th, 8th, 12th, and 13th goals concerning clean and affordable energy, decent jobs and economic growth, responsible consumption and production, and addressing climate change, respectively.
The Outbreak of Hepatitis A: Evidence in Pacitan District
Authors: Lukmitarani Ratih , Ardiyah Mufiadzatul , Azizah R
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Indonesia is a country with a high geographical distribution of hepatitis A. In June 2019, the government established the status of hepatitis A outbreaks in Pacitan District, which is spread across several districts. Based on data from the District Health Office of Pacitan, there were 1,310 peoples with hepatitis A on October 2019. Through this study, the relation between knowledge, attitudes, and personal hygiene as risk factors of hepatitis A outbreaks in Pacitan District can be identified. Methods: Observational analytic methods and case control research design were used in this study. The population was 280 people. The sample consisted of 60 peoples with case of 30 peoples and control of 30 peoples. Case and control samples were taken randomly (simple random sampling). The research data were collected using the interview method, then analyzed using the Chi Square test and the Contingency Coefficient. Results and Discussion: There was a correlation between knowledge level with the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks (p-value = 0.002 <0.05), attitudes with hepatitis A (pvalue = 0.004 <0.05), and personal hygiene with the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks (pvalue = 0.001 <0.05). Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge, inappropriate personal hygiene lead to the spread of hepatitis A outbreaks in the working area of Primary Health Care of Ngadirojo, Pacitan District.
SLEEP DURATION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Widjaja Nur Aisiyah , Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji , Irawan Roedi , Hanindita Meta Herdiana
Published: February 2021

Shorter sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Previous studies conducted on diff erent races showed inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diff erences in sleep duration in obese adolescents who suff er from metabolic syndrome compared with obese adolescents who do not suff er from metabolic syndrome. A cross sectional study was carried out on 59 obese adolescents who visited the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Subjects were selected using total sampling techniques who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in August-November 2018. Anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood tests (HDL cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose levels) were held to determine obesity according to CDC 2000 and metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation. The diff erence in sleep duration in obese adolescents suff ering from metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome analyzed using Chi square test. A total of 27 subjects (45.8%) suff ered from metabolic syndrome. Most obese adolescents (57,6%) have suffi cient sleep duration (≥ 8 hours/day). There was no sleep duration diff erences in obese adolescents suff ering and not suff ering from metabolic syndrome (p> 0.05).
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ENERGY, CARBOHYDRATE, FAT AND PROTEIN CONSUMPTION LEVEL WITH DEMENSIA IN ELDERLY
Authors: Krisdyana Bekti , Hanim Diffah , Sugiarto Sugiarto
Published: February 2021

Increasing number of elderly population due to infl uence of increased life expectancy, has an impact on increasing various health problems that occur due to aging process, one of which is dementia. Dementia is infl uenced by various factors, one of which is the level of nutrient consumption. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between level of energy consumption, carbohydrate, fat and protein with dementia in elderly. The population was elderly (> 60 y.o) in Tulungagung Regency. This study was cross sectional study with sampling techniques were used cluster random sampling. Samples in this study was 165 person. Variable analysed used chi square test. There were relationship between age, energy and protein consumption level with dementia in elderly (p <0.05). Elderly who have dementia majority are over 70 years old (60.5%). The majority of elderly with dementia have energy and protein consumption level in low category, that is 48.7% and 55.3%, respectively. The conclusion is that there were correlation between age, level of energy and protein consumption with the incidence of dementia in elderly.
Bio-Pulping of Bagasse As The Material For Paper Making Using Different Species of White Rot Fungi and Incubation Time
Authors: Budiarti Vio Indah , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Mumpuni Aris
Published: February 2021

The Biopulping is defined as the biological process of lignin degradation by utilizing microorganisms that produce some enzymes. A microorganism which widely known in the degradation of lignin and cellulose is a group of white-rot fungi. The aims for this research to know the most effective  white rot fungi species of G.lucidum, P.tuber-regium, and T.versicolor in the degradation of lignin and cellulose with different incubation time on bagasse substrate. The effectivity of biopulping indicated by the highest degradation of lignin concentration and the lowest degradation of cellulose concentration. This study used an experimental design with Completely Randomized design with a two factorial pattern. The independent variable of this study is white rot fungi species and incubation time while the dependent variable is the concentration of lignin and cellulose. The main parameter was the concentration of lignin and cellulose, supporting parameters were pH, weight loss of substrate and mycelial growth. The result showed the degradation of lignin and cellulose in all treatment. The best degradation of lignin and cellulose showed by species T.versicolor and P.tuber-regium within 30 days of incubation
Perilaku Memilih Umpan Dengan Fagostimulan Yang Berbeda Pada Kecoak Jerman Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)
Authors: Aliefia Rizky Arjunnajat , Ambarningrum Trisnowati Budi , Basuki Edi
Published: February 2021

Kecoak Jerman (Blattella germanica L.) merupakan salah satu serangga hama permukiman yang penting, karena peranannya sebagai vektor penyakit. Untuk mengurangi populasinya, dapat digunakan dengan teknik pengumpanan. Namun belakangan ini muncul perilaku glucose aversion pada kecoak Jerman terhadap umpan komersial berbasis glukosa sebagai fagostimulan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kaji ulang terhadap fagostimulan sebagai komponen umpan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan pengendalian kecoak Jerman berbasis umpan dengan menggunakan kecoak Jerman jantan strain VCRU (Vector Control Research Unit). Langkah awal untuk membuat formulasi umpan tersebut adalah mencari fagostimulan yang paling disukai oleh kecoak Jerman. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai fagostimulan adalah gula, durian, erythritol, dan pisang.

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku memilih kecoak Jerman terhadap umpan dengan fagostimulan yang berbeda dan puncak aktivitas makan pada kecoak Jerman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan pemberian fagostimulan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali yang terbagi menjadi empat arena uji. Perlakuan terdiri dari umpan yang masing-masing mengandung gula, durian, erythritol, dan pisang sebagai fagostimulan. Pengamatan perilaku menggunakan metode behavior sampling yang dicatat secara continuous recording selama 24 jam menggunakan kamera Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). Parameter yang diukur berupa latensi, frekuensi, durasi, dan puncak aktivitas makan dari kecoak Jerman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada p<0.05.

Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perilaku memilih kecoak jantan strain VCRU terhadap umpan tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05) dan tertarik dengan semua umpan yang diberikan, tetapi umpan gel dengan fagostimulan gula merupakan umpan yang lebih disukai dengan melihat ketiga parameter latensi, frekuensi, dan durasi. Hasil rata-rata latensi pada strain VCRU menuju gel durian selama 17 menit, rata-rata frekuensi kunjungan terbanyak ke gel gula pada strain VCRU sebanyak 10 kali, rata-rata durasi terlama pada gel gula strain VCRU selama 1 menit 46 detik dan puncak aktivitas makan strain VCRU terjadi antara pukul 17.00 – 20.00.
Authors: Astuti Herawati Dwi , Mukharomah Laelatul , Shobaiyah Lailatus , Novita Novita
Published: February 2021

Biawak atau dikenal sebagai Biawak air Asia (Varanus salvator) merupakan salah satu reptil yang ditemukan di Asia, salah satunya di Indonesia. Selain dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan, beberapa masyarakat memanfaatkan biawak untuk pengobatan penyakit terutama masyarakat yang masih mempertahankan adat dan kepercayaan leluhur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan masyarakat adat lokal dalam memanfaatkan biawak untuk pengobatan penyakit dan mengintegrasikan dengan upaya konservasi tradisional yang dilakukan masyarakat. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ethnozoologi dengan melalui metode kajian literatur. Hasil menujukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal tertutama masyarakat Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) di daerah Jambi memanfaatkan biawak untuk pengobatan penyakit kulit, antialergi dan penyakit kurap dengan cara dibakar atau memasaknya menggunakan minyak goreng hingga lemak pada biawak mencair untuk dijadikann salep. Namun, masyarakat lokal tersebut tetap berupaya menjaga keseimbangan populasi biawak dengan memilih biawak yang berukuran besar yang sudah layak untuk dikonsumsi, menggunakan alat berburu sederhana, dan upaya domestikasi sehingga populasi biawak tetap terjaga secara berkelanjutan. Hal ini diketahui karena mekanisme pengobatan antialergi dari daging biawak berpotensi untuk mengurangi efek alergi yang diberikan allergan berupa histamin 1,5 % sebanyak 10 ml. Kesimpulan, pemanfaatan biawak dalam bidang kesehatan yang di lakukan masyarakat lokal secara arif mampu meningkatkan skill konservasi melalui pengetahuan ekologi tradisional (Traditional Ecological Knowledge)
Authors: Rahayuningtyas Yuni Rokhdita , Eming Sudiana Eming , Proklamasiningsih Elly
Published: February 2021

Global warming or often referred to as global warming is a form of imbalance of ecosystems on earth due to the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, sea, and land on earth. The impact of global warming can make agricultural plants flower faster while pollinating insects are not ready so that the reproductive cycle is disrupted. Studying temperature changes as a result of global warming on an organism can be represented by an altitude gradient. The study aims to determine the effect of temperature changes on the phenology of winged bean plants (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) which is described by the gradient of altitude and to determine the diversity of pollinator insects. The independent variable in this study is the difference in the gradient in elevation of the place, while the dependent variable is the phenology of the development of winged bean flowers and pollinator insects. The results of the study of abiotic factors showed that air temperature and sunlight intensity decreased in line with the increase in altitude from the surface of the seawater, while the humidity increased. The phenological analysis of winged bean plants showed the influence of altitude on plant height, number of leaves and branches, time of the first appearance, number of flowers and flower size as well as the diversity of pollinator insects
Strategi Negosiasi Jepang dalam Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement For Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
Authors: Firza Hilfi Biyan
Published: February 2021

Abstrak

Proses liberalisasi perdagangan Jepang selama ini selalu menghindari untuk melakukan liberalisasi di bidang agrikultur. Namun pada kerja sama Trans Pacific Partnership isu liberalisasi perdagangan di bidang agrikultur mulai dibahas. Kerja sama Trans Pacific Partnership berubah menjadi Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership dan menjadi kerja sama pertama bagi Jepang yang membahas isu agrikultur secara masif. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai strategi negosiasi Jepang di dalam negeri dan di luar negeri dengan mempertahankan win-set yang menjadi acuan dalam negosiasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder seperti dokumen kesepakatan CPTPP dan berita. Strategi negosiasi Jepang di CPTPP di luar negeri dengan melakukan negosiasi pararel dengan Amerika Serikat. Sedangkan di dalam negeri strategi dilakukan dengan melakukan reformasi pada organisasi JA Zenchu. Strategi negosiasi yang dilakukan berhasil untuk mencapai kesepakatan CPTPP yang bisa diterima di dalam negeri Jepang.

Abstract

Japan's trade liberalization process has always avoided making liberalization in agriculture. But in the Trans Pacific Partnership cooperation the issue of trade liberalization in agriculture began to be discussed. The Trans Pacific Partnership partnership turned into a Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Trans Pacific Partnership and became the first collaboration for Japan to discuss the issue of agriculture on a massive scale. This paper will discuss the Japanese negotiation strategy at home and abroad by maintaining the win-set as a reference in the negotiations. This paper uses qualitative research methods in explaining the strategies used. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data such as CPTPP agreement documents and news. Japan's negotiating strategy at CPTPP abroad is by conducting parallel negotiations with the United States. Whereas in the domestic strategy is carried out by reforming the JA Zenchu ​​organization. The negotiation strategy carried out was successful in reaching an acceptable CPTPP agreement within Japan.
Upaya Perimbangan Kekuatan Iran-Arab Saudi melalui Perang Suriah untuk Memenangi Kontestasi Geopolitik di Timur Tengah
Authors: Ramadhan Iqbal , Iskandar Jodi Alif
Published: February 2021

Abstrak

Perang Saudara di Suriah terjadi karena perebutan kekuasaan antara pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad dengan tentara pemberontak Suriah. Perang tersebut terjadi tidak hanya melibatkan kekuatan internal Suriah, tetapi juga kekuatan besar yang ada di Timur Tengah yaitu Iran dan Arab Saudi. Perang Suriah dijadikan ajang untuk mengimbangi kekuatan antara Iran dan Arab Saudi melalui proxy mereka. Iran mendukung pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad sedangkan Arab Saudi menyatakan dukungan mereka kepada tentara pemberontak. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk membahas strategi kedua negara dalam mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya melalui proxy balancing. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah kualitatif dan penulis menggunakan konsep pattern of competition dan konsep geopolitik. Simpulan yang didapat dari artikel ini adalah Iran dan Arab Saudi menggunakan proxy mereka pada Perang Suriah untuk mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya dan memenangkan kontestasi geopolitik di Timur Tengah.

 

Keywords: Iran, Arab Saudi, Perang Suriah, Perimbangan Kekuatan, Geopolitik, Timur Tengah
Masculinization of Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) using 17α-Methyltestosterone-enriched Artemia sp.
Authors: Safir Muhammad , Tobigo Desiana Trisnawati , Mangitung Seftina F , Madinawati Madinawati , Zainab Zainab
Published: February 2021

Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) is one of the endemic fish from the waters of the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi Province. One factor challenging the production of P. kauderni larvae is the male fish will nurture the eggs and larvae for 30 days, hindering next spawning cycle. One effort to overcome this problem an increase of male fish number should be performed, for example through sex reversal. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the hormone 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT) through Artemia sp. to increase male sex percentage P. kauderni. This study used a completely randomized design by testing four treatments namely feeding Artemia sp. which has been soaked with 2.0 mg of the 17α-MT hormone for two- hours given to P. kauderni larvae for 10 days (A); 20 days (B); 30 days (C), and without hormone treatment 17α-MT (control). Each treatment included control was performed in triplicates. The percentage of male sex was 93.33 % at 30 days treatment and was higher (P<0.05) compared to controls (53.3 %). Additionally, the results showed that daily growth rate, biomass gain and survival rate of all treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05) with those of control. In conclusion, Artemia sp. contained 17α-methyltestosterone enhanced male percentage of P. kaurderni. Keywords: growth, male percentage, Artemia sp., survival rate, Pterapogon kauderni
Study of Water Quality for Aquaculture System in Ujung Pacu River, North Aceh Regency
Authors: Ezraneti Riri , Khalil Munawar , Marzuki Marzuki
Published: February 2021

Ujung Pacu River is one of the rivers found in North Aceh Regency which is often used by surrounding communities such as for industrial, agricultural, residential and aquaculture activities that can affect river water quality. This study aimed to determine the water physical and chemical parameters in the Ujung Pacu River for aquaculture activities. The research method used was a survey method by determining the sampling station based on community activities around the river. The study consisted of 4 stations with 3 sampling points at each station. Data of water physical and chemical parameters were compared with water quality standards and analyzed descriptively with a quantitative approach. The results showed that the range of water quality values were various in each stations. Ujung Pacu River is influenced by daily tide fluctuations. The highest water quality fluctuations occur in salinity, turbidity and depth. The pollution index in the Ujung Pacu river is included to criteria of Lightly polluted rivers with range 1.8545 - 4.4979. The Ujung Pacu River is unsuitable for aquaculture systems using floating net cages system in river bodies. Keywords: Ujung Pacu River, water quality, pollution index
Effects Different Human Chorionic Gonadotropine Doses for Gonads Maturity Gray Eeltailed Catfish (Plotosus canius)
Authors: Putra Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja , Anggaraini Wenti , Raza’i Tengku Said , Yulianto Tri
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of hCGto support the processing gonadal maturation of Gray Eeltailed Catfish (Plotosus canius) and to determine influencing  of hCG injections treatment (quality and quantity) to TKG of Gray Eeltailed Catfish (Plotosus canius). The study was conducted in October-November 2018 in Madong, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Island. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) method with 4 treatments that were control (NaCl), A (dose 15 IU.Kg-1), B (dose 20 IU.Kg-1), and C (dose 25 IU.Kg-1) and 3 replications. Floating net cages (KJA) with size 1mx1mx1m as containers were used to maintain test fish. The results showed that treatment B gave the best results in the study. Treatment B namely injecting hCG with a dose of 20 IU.Kg-1 to reach TKG II for the whole parent, then GSI reached 0.29%, but the HSI value of A treatment was better on 1.93%, egg diameter 1.57 mm, fecundity reached 3,706 grains, with specific growth reaching 0.83 g and histologically, the gonads were characterized by the potential for a fused nucleus and filled with egg yolk and the development of the oocyte only appears smaller and more uniform in diameter. Keyword: oocyte, female, diameter, fecundity, histology
Methanol Interactions with Nopinone Surfaces during Phase Evolution
Authors: Kong Xiangrui , Lovric Josip , Johansson Sofia , Prisle Nønne , Pettersson Jan
Published: February 2021

Organic-organic interactions play important roles in the secondary organic aerosol formation, but the interactions are complex and poorly understood. Here we use environmental molecular beam experiments combined with molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interactions between methanol and nopinone, as atmospheric organic proxies. In the experiments, methanol monomers and clusters are sent to collide with three types of surfaces, i.e., graphite, thin nopinone coating on graphite and multilayer surfaces, at temperatures between 140 K and 230 K. Methanol monomers are efficiently scattered from the graphite surface, whereas the scattering is substantially suppressed from nopinone surfaces. The desorption from the three surfaces is similar, suggesting that all the surfaces have weak or similar influences on the methanol desorption. The molecular dynamics results show that upon collisions the methanol clusters shatter, and the shattered fragments quickly diffuse and recombine to clusters. The desorption involves a series of processes, including detaching from clusters and desorbing as monomers. The experimental results also show that all trapped methanol molecules completely desorb within a short experimental time scale at temperatures of 180 K and above. At lower temperatures, the desorption rate decreases, and a long experimental time scale is used to resolve the desorption, where three desorption components are identified. The fast component is beyond the experimental detection limit. The intermediate component exhibits multi-step desorption character and has an activation energy of Ea = 0.18 ± 0.03 eV, in good agreement with simulation results. The slow desorption component is related to diffusion processes due to the weak temperature dependence.
Stateless One-time Authenticated Session Resumption in TLS Handshake Using Paired Token
Authors: Lee Byoungcheon
Published: February 2021

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that provides communications security between two peers and it is widely used in many applications. To reduce the latency in TLS handshake session resumption using pre-shared key (PSK) had been used. But current methods in PSK mode handshake uses a fixed session key multiple times for the lifetime of session ticket. Reuse of fixed session key should be very careful in the point of communications security. It is vulnerable to replay attacks and there is a possibility of tracking users. Paired token (PT) is a new secondary credential scheme that provides pre-shared key in stateless way in client-server environment. Server issues paired token (public token and secret token) to authenticated client. Public token represents signed identity of client and secret token is a kind of shared secret between client and server. Once client is equipped with PT, it can be used for many symmetric key based cryptographic applications such as authentication, authorization, key establishment, etc. It was also shown that it can be used for one-time authenticated key establishment using the time-based one-time password (TOTP) approach. In this paper we apply the PT and TOTP approach to TLS to achieve stateless one-time authenticated session resumption. Server executes full handshake of TLS 1.3 and issues PT to authenticated client. Then client and server can execute one-time authenticated session resumption using PT in stateless way in server side. In every runs of session resumption distinct session keys are established that the same PT can be used safely for longer lifetime. If anonymous PT is used with renewal issuing, user privacy, untraceability and forward security can be achieved easily. It will provide a huge performance gain in large-scale distributed services.
Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) from Banana Tree Stem: Influence of Ratio of Cellulose with Sodium Chloroacetate To Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Mulyatno Hendrik Aditya , Pratama Odisaputra Ihsan , Inayati Inayati
Published: February 2021

Banana tree stem contain of 63-64% cellulose that can be processed into more valuable product. In this research, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from banana tree stem was  prepared  through  alkalization  and  carboxymethylation process.  The  aim  of  this research was to investigate the effect of cellulose to sodium chloroacetate 1:1 and 1:2 to the properties of CMC. Samples were analyzed their NaCl content, purity of CMC, and degree of substitution. The result showed that sample with ratio 1: 2 between cellulose with sodium chloroacetate resulted greater NaCl content, lower purity of CMC, and greater degree of substitution.
Kinetika Slow Release Pupuk Urea Berlapis Chitosan Termodifikasi
Authors: Danarto YC , Nugrahey Anggita , Noviani Sela Murni
Published: February 2021

During this time, the use of urea is not efficient, because about 40-70% of nitrogen in the fertilizer is not absorbed by plants. In order to increase the effectivity of nitrogen release in urea fertilizer, it needs to be coated with modified chitosan as slow releasing agent to form a hydrogel material by forming a cross linking with glutaraldehyde cross-linker.The aims of this research is to study the mechanism and the appropriate kinetic model of nitrogen release in slow releasing fertilizer of modified chitosan. This research was conducted by analyzing the ability of bio-hydrogel by calculating the percentage of swelling ratio and water retention of hydrogel and the nitrogen release in slow releasing fertilizer both in the soil and water. The experiments were conducted by varying the amount of urea used which  30 gram, 40 gram, 50 gram, 60 gram and 70 gram of urea fertilizer. The The release profile is then plotted on several models of diffusion kinetic such as zero order, first order, higuchi and korsmeyer peppas. The appropriate model of diffusion kinetic is chosen by the largest correction factor (R2).The results showed that nitrogen release of the slow releasing fertilizer in the soil with 50% urea content  and  the  water  followed  korsmeyer  peppas  model  with  fickian  mechanism. Nitrogen release in the soil with urea content of 30%, 40%, 60%, and 70% followed the korsmeyer peppas model with nonfickian mechanism.
Pirolisis Sampah Plastik HDPE sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Kerosin dengan Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam
Authors: Waluyo Joko , Perkasa Aji Putra , Ramadhana Devaliandra
Published: February 2021

Abstrak. Untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah plastik di Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode salah satunya adalah dengan pirolisis. Metode pirolisis digunakan untuk mengubah sampah plastik menjadi fuel oil. Maka dari itu dilakukan uji coba penelitian pembuatan fuel oil dengan metode pirolisis dari plastik HDPE yang merupakan jenis plastik yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia Penelitian ini juga menggunakan batu zeolite alam sebagai katalis. Batu zeolite alam sebelumnya dipanaskan pada suhu 400oC selama 4 jam untuk menghilangkan uap air dan kotoran yang ada. Dari percobaan didapatkan 4 sampel dengan kondisi berbeda-beda yaitu sampel A menggunakan katalis dengan suhu pemanasn maksimal 400oC serta besarnya heating rate 2,5oC/menit, sampel B menggunakan katali dengan suhu pemanasan maksimal 350oC serta besarnya heating rate 3,9oC/menit, sampel C tidak menggunakan katalis dengan suhu pemanasannya maksimal 400oC serta besarnya heating rate 3,3oC/menit, sampel D tidak menggunakan katalis dengan suhu pemanasan maksimal 350oC serta besarnya heating rate 3,3oC/menit. Besarnya yield minyak yang dihasilkam adalah 41,25 %, 32,29%, 40,9%, dan 13,9 %. Untuk densitas adalah 0,762 gram/ml, 0,747 gram/ml, 0,769 gram/ml, dan 0,766 gram/ml dan untuk viskositas adalah 0,0071 poise, 0,0084 poise, 0,0104 poise, dan 0,0096 poise.

 

Abstract. Pyrolysis is a method to reduce plastic waste and convert it into liquid fuel. The aim of this research is to study the effect of zeolite catalyst on the pyrolysis of HDPE plastics. Previously, natural zeolite was heated at 400°C for 4 hours to remove moisture and impurities. From the experiment, 4 samples were obtained with different conditions, namely Sample A was the result of pyrolysis with a catalyst at 400°C and a heating rate of 2.5°C/minute, Sample B was the result of pyrolysis with a catalyst at 350°C and a heating rate of 3.9°C/minute. Sample C was the result of pyrolysis without a catalyst at 400°C and the heating rate was 3.3°C/minute, Sample D was the result of pyrolysis without a catalyst at 350°C and the heating rate was 3.3C/minute. The resulting oil yields from sample A to D were 41.25%, 32.29%, 40.9%, and 13.9%, respectively. The density was 0.762 gram/ml, 0.747 gram/ml, 0.769 gram/ml, and 0.766 gram/ml and for viscosity was 0.0071 poise, 0.0084 poise, 0.0104 poise, and 0.0096 poise, respectively. The analysis results show that pyrolysis at 350°C with zeolite catalyst will produce gasoline, whereas without catalyst it will produce kerosene oil.

 

Keywords: pyrolysis, fuel oil, HDPE, zeolite, catalyst
Pretreatment Ethanol From Cellulosic
Authors: Dyartanti Endah Retno , Margono Margono , Lestari Ike Puji , Putra Muhamad Iqbal , Pratiwi Ulfa Intan
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Pre-treatment is an important tool for practical cellulose conversion processes and can be carried out in different ways such as mechanical pre-treatment, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, supercritical CO2 treatment, alkali or acid pretreatment, ozone pre-treatment, physicochemical pretreatment, dilute-acid pretreatment and biological pre-treatment. Biomass pretreatment with hot water (HW) is the most investigated physicochemical method use the differences in the thermal stabilities of the major components of lignocellulosic materials. Acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass aims at increasing the sugar substrate digestibility, defined as the concentration of reducing sugars after the hydrolysis, by microorganisms. Acid hydrolysis is an attractive pretreatment method as the hemicellulose degradation runs with the efficiency of approximately 20-90%, depending on the process conditions. Dilute acid (DA) processes with continued research and development, no significant breakthroughs have been made to raise the glucose yields much higher than 65-70%. Acid pretreatment is much more effective than water and alkaline pretreatment in terms of cellulose accessibility increase compared with DA and HW pretreatment.

 

Keywords: ethanol, cellulosic, pre-treatment