bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Campylobacter Species in Spotty Liver Disease Like Lesions in Broiler Chickens Detected at Meat Inspections in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Jiarpinitnun Piyarat , Iwakiri Akira , Fuke Naoyuki , Pongsawat Pornsawan , Taniguchi Takako , Miyanishi Chizuru , Sasaki Satomi , Matsui Yuto , Luangtongkum Taradon , Yamada Kentaro , Misawa Naoaki
Published: November 2024

Spotty liver disease (SLD) affects free-range laying hens, leading to mortality and reduced egg production. Campylobacter species, including a novel strain, Campylobacter hepaticus, have been associated with SLD cases worldwide. However, the cause of SLD like lesions found in broilers in Japan is still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of Cam-pylobacter spp. in broiler SLD by conducting microbiological, molecular, serological, histopatho-logical, and immunohistopathological examinations using specimens of liver, bile, cecum, and serum from SLD-like and non-SLD chickens. C. jejuni was predominantly isolated and detected in approximately 40% of both non-SLD livers and SLD-like livers, with no significant difference between them. While C. hepaticus was neither isolated nor detected in this study. Gross and his-topathology revealed multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, suppurative granulomatous hepatitis, and cholangiohepatitis. Hepatitis stages classified as no hepatitis, subclinical, acute, and chronic hepatitis. C. jejuni was more frequently present in acute-stage SLD-like livers, and high IgG an-tibody levels were noted in both subclinical and SLD-like-affected chickens, indicating C. jejuni infection. Immunohistochemical also supported these findings. The findings suggest that C. he-paticus was not involved in SLD-like in broilers in Japan, but C. jejuni translocation from the in-testines to the liver may be a contributing factor.
Biophilic Facades: The Potentiality of Bioreceptive Concrete
Authors: Jakubovskis Ronaldas
Published: November 2024

The growth of microorganisms and lower plants on building walls renders the central principle of the biophilic design: visual connection with nature. As such, bioreceptive concrete has great potential to increase the biodiversity in our cities. In addition, by actively participating in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, biologically active, bioreceptive concrete has the potential to reduce the building's environmental impact considerably. In the present study, we analyze the biological growth on concrete and critically review the current research approaches in the bioreceptivity evaluation. The uncontrolled and unaesthetic growth of fungal colonies, poor long-term survivability of the laboratory-developed biofilms, and a lack of field applications were identified among the major factors that hinder the practical application of bioreceptive concrete in the building envelope. Our ongoing field tests have shown that concrete's controlled and aesthetically pleasant greening may be achieved in several years. We argue that such nature-integrated solutions would emphasize the beauty of the aging buildings while offering clear, practical benefits.
Enhancing Smart Grid Efficiency through Multi-Agent Systems: A Machine Learning Approach for Optimal Decision Making
Authors: Luo Dongwen
Published: November 2024

The increasing complexity of modern power systems necessitates innovative approaches to enhance smart grid efficiency. This paper explores the integration of multi-agent systems (MAS) and machine learning (ML) to optimize decision-making processes within smart grids. MAS, characterized by decentralized control and autonomous agents, facilitate dynamic interactions among grid components, improving adaptability and resilience. By employing machine learning algorithms, agents can analyze vast datasets generated by grid operations, enabling predictive maintenance, demand forecasting, and real-time optimization of energy distribution. This study presents a framework that leverages MAS and ML to address critical challenges in smart grid management, such as load balancing, fault detection, and renewable energy integration. Results from simulations demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. The findings highlight the potential of combining MAS with ML to create a more responsive and efficient smart grid infrastructure.
Evaluation of the Frequency of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 Genes Among Patients on a Gluten-Free Diet
Authors: Kowalski Marek K , Domżał-Magrowska Danuta , Malecka-Wojciesko Ewa
Published: November 2024

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, permanent gluten-dependent disease that manifests itself with inflammation of the small intestine and malabsorption in genetically predisposed individuals with HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 (Human Leukocyte Antigen) histocompatibility antigens. Objective: The diagnostic criteria for celiac disease have undergone numerous modifications over the years. The aim of the study is to evaluate the frequency of HLA DQ2/DQ8 genes in a group of patients with celiac disease diagnosed years ago. The aim of the study was the verification of the primary diagnosis of CD in patients diagnosed between 1980-2010. Methods: The study group included 50 patients, 13 men and 37 women, who had been diagnosed with celiac disease many years ago based on histopathological criteria and improvement of health condition after receiving a gluten-free diet. The control group consisted of 31 healthy volunteers, 18 women and 13 men. All subjects underwent a genetic analysis assessing the presence of histocompatibility antigens HLA DQ2.2, DQ 2.5 and DQ8, along with the assessment of alleles encoding the α and β subunits of the antigens, according to ESPHEGAN guidelines from 2020, using the EUROarray technique at EUROIMMUNE®. Results: In the study group 12 (24%) patient did not meet the genetic criteria. Among the remaining patients (group 1) with celiac disease, the presence of HLA-DQ 2.5 (50.0% vs. 9.68%; p<0.01) and the co-occurrence of both alleles of HLA-DQ 2 (31.6% vs. 6.45%; p<0.05) were detected significantly more frequently than in the control group. Among celiac patients, the prevalence of HLA-DQ 8 was also slightly more frequent (13.2% vs. 3.23% p>0.05). Patients who did not meet the genetic criteria for celiac disease (group 2) had a single string α- HLA DQ 2.5 significantly more often than control subjects (66,67% vs 38,71% p<0,05). Conclusions: Among patients with celiac disease diagnosed before 2010, basing on the 2020 ESPGHAN criteria, it is advisable to verify the previous diagnosis taking into account genetic criteria.
Spatial Ensemble Mapping for Coded Aperture Imaging – A Tutorial
Authors: Joshi Narmada , Xavier Agnes Pristy Ignatius , Gopinath Shivasubramanian , Tiwari Vipin , Anand Vijayakumar
Published: November 2024

Coded aperture imaging (CAI) is a well-established computational imaging technique consisting of two steps namely optical recording of an object using a coded mask followed by a computational reconstruction using a computational algorithm using a pre-recorded point spread function (PSF). In this tutorial, we introduce a simple yet elegant technique called Spatial Ensemble Mapping (SEM) for CAI that allows us to tune axial resolution post-recording from a single camera shot recorded using an image sensor. The theory, simulation studies, and proof-of-concept experimental studies of SEM-CAI are presented. We believe that the developed approach will benefit microscopy, holography, and smartphone cameras.
Lemna minor L. as Unconventional Fertilizer for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Baldi Ada , Verdi Leonardo , Piacenti Lorenzo , Lenzi Anna
Published: November 2024

Recycling plant waste as nutrients source for crops represents a circular approach to enhancing the sustainability of intensive horticultural production systems. Lemna minor L. is an invasive aquatic species which can proliferate on the nutrient solution in hydroponic systems requiring removal operations from the cultivation tanks. This study evaluated the possibility of using the biomass of this weed as an organic fertilizer for lettuce. The following fertilization treatments were applied: Control (0 kg N ha-1), Lemna (60, 120, and 180 kg N ha-1), Urea (60 kg N ha-1), commercial organic fertilizer (60 kg N ha-1). Fertilization with Lemna showed similar or better results than control and both inorganic and organic fertilization treatments. No differences in yield and quality were observed between the three doses of Lemna but L60 resulted to be the treatment with the best performance in terms of N productivity. These results suggest that Lemna biomass may be a proper source of nutrients for lettuce with advantage for yield and no effect on quality. Therefore, its use as an organic fertilizer can allow farmers to profitability exploit a waste product and, at the same time, reduce the costs of purchasing commercial fertilizers, thus achieving environmental and economic benefits.
CKM Matrix Values Found from Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Le Donne Luisa
Published: November 2024

The author shows that it is possible to obtain the CKM transition probabilities from the values of quark masses. For example in order to obtain the probability for the transition from the quark d to the quark u the author shows that this value can be found from the value of the mass of the quark u and the values of the masses of quarks that can transform into the u quark. Alternatively, every value of the CKM matrix can be found from few Fibonacci numbers. The author shows how these two findings are related.
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Enhances Fracture Healing in a Rat Fracture Model
Authors: Yeh Tsu Te , Chen Chun Kai , Kuthati Yaswanth , Mende Lokesh Kumar , Kong Zwe Ling , Wong Chih Shung
Published: November 2024

Delayed and failed fracture repair and bone healing remains a significant public health issue. Dietary supplements serve as a safe, inexpensive, and non-surgical means to aid in different stages of fracture repair. Studies have shown that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is absorbed 2 to 4.6 times higher than crystalline calcium carbonate in humans. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of Density ACC supplement on femoral fracture healing in a male Wistar rat model. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6 per group); Sham, Fracture + Water, Fracture + 0.5x (206 mg/kg) ACC, Fracture + 1x ACC (412 mg/kg) and Fracture + 1.5x (618 mg/kg) ACC to that of human supplement doses of ACC. A 21-gauze needle was placed in the left femoral shaft and waited three weeks. After three weeks, the sham group of rats was left without fracture, and the remaining animals were fractured with an impactor at the left mid-femur, followed by treatment with different doses of ACC for three weeks orally. Weight-bearing, microcomputed tomography, and serum biomarkers were evaluated weekly. After three weeks, the rats were sacrificed and femur bones were isolated for the evaluation of biomechanical strength and histological analysis. Weight-bearing test showed that treatment with ACC at all the tested doses led to a significant increase in weight-bearing compared to the controls. In addition, microcomputed- tomography and histological studies revealed that ACC treatment improved callus formation dose-dependently. Moreover, biomechanical strength was better in ACC-treated rats in a dose-dependent fashion than in the controls. In addition, supplementation with ACC significantly lowered the bone formation and resorption (BFR) marker levels 2-3 weeks post-fracture induction indicating accelerated fracture recovery. Our preliminary data demonstrate that ACC supplement improves fracture healing in a shorter time than the control rats.
Sequence Analysis of the TSA 56 kDa and GroEL Gene Reveals the Circulation of a Novel Genotype of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Human Cases of Scrub Typhus in Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, Southeastern India
Authors: Nallan Krishnamoorthy , Kalidoss Bhuvaneshwari Chinnathambi , Jacob Eunice Swarna , Mahadevan Samyuktha Krishnasamy , Joseph Steny , Ramalingam Ramkumar , Renu Govindarajan , Thirupathi Balaji , Ramasamy Balajinathan , Gupta Bhavna , Rahi Manju , Rajaiah Paramasivan
Published: November 2024

Scrub typhus (St) is a mite-borne, re-emerging public health problem in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, South India. More than 40 serotypes of Orientia tsutsugamishi (Ot) have been documented worldwide. However, the information on the circulation of its molecular sub-types in India is scanty and has not been completely understood. A retrospective study was conducted among serologically confirmed cases of scrub typhus. DNA isolated from blood, was screened by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), targeting the GroEL and 56 kDa TSA genes. Out of 59 samples, 14 partial fragments of GoEL and twelve 56 kDa genes were PCR amplified and DNA sequenced. The neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis indicated three distinct phylogenetic clades, including a novel genotype, designated as Ot-Thanjavur-Tamilnadu (Ot-TJTN, 9 nos. 64.3%); Karp-like (4 nos. 28.6%); and Kuroki-Gilliam type (1 no. 7.1%). Also, phylogenetic analysis of twelve sequences of the 56 kDa gene targeting variable domains (VDI-VDIII) revealed a distinctive new genotypic cluster of 8 samples (66.6%), and the remaining four (33.4%) were Karp-like genotypes. The Simplot analysis for the similarity and event of recombination testing with prototype reference sequences elucidated the existence of the new genotype of the Ot-TJTN cluster, which was undescribed so far, in the Kato and TA716 lineages. These isolates are genetically related to strains from Southeast Asian countries. The results of a phylogenetic analysis strongly suggest that the Ot-TJTN isolate is undescribed and probably region-specific. The significant findings recommend further studies on understanding the ongoing transmission dynamics of different Ot stains locally circulating in vector mites, rodent hosts, and humans in this region, to implement one health approach in the future.
Applications of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Home Energy Management Systems: A Review
Authors: Latoń Dominik , Grela Jakub , Ożadowicz Andrzej
Published: November 2024

In the context of the increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and smart devices in domestic applications, the implementation of Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) is becoming a pivotal factor in optimizing energy usage and reducing costs. This review examines the role of reinforcement learning (RL) in the advancement of HEMS, presenting it as a powerful tool for the adaptive management of complex, real-time energy demands. This review is notable for its comprehensive examination of the applications of RL-based methods and tools in HEMS, which encompasses demand response, load scheduling, and renewable energy integration. Furthermore, the integration of RL within distributed automation and Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks is emphasized in the review as a means of facilitating autonomous, data-driven control. Despite the considerable potential of this approach, the authors identify a number of challenges that require further investigation, including the need for robust data security and scalable solutions. It is recommended that future research place greater emphasis on real applications and case studies, with the objective of bridging the gap between theoretical models and practical implementations. The objective is to achieve resilient and secure energy management in residential and prosumers buildings, in particular within local microgrids.
On the Functional Nature of Cognitive Systems
Authors: Manca Vincenzo
Published: November 2024

The Functional nature of cognitive systems is outlined as a general conceptual model where typical notions of cognition are analyzed, apart from any physical realization (biological or artificial) of such systems. The notion of function, one of the main logical bases of mathematics, logic, linguistics, physics, and computer science, is shown as a unifying concept in analyzing cognition components: learning, meaning, comprehension, language, knowledge, and consciousness are related to increasing levels in the functional organization of cognition.
Quantitative Changes in Vascular and Neural Fibers Induced by Subretinal Fluid Excluding the Peripapillary Region in Patients with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Kızıldag Ozbay Esra , Sabancı Şenol , Küçük Mehmet Fatih , Erol Muhammet Kazım
Published: November 2024

Background andAims: This study aims to evaluate the quantitative changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), specifically excluding the peripapillary region. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, involving 65 patients with chronic CSCR. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence or regression of subretinal fluid (SRF). A control group of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals was also included. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to assess RNFL thickness and RPC vessel density. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, with non-parametric tests employed for between-group comparisons. Results: Patients with persistent SRF exhibited significant increases in RNFL thickness in the inferior and nasal quadrants compared to healthy controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.014, respectively). Additionally, RPC vessel density in the small vessel disc area (%) was significantly lower in the persistent SRF group compared to controls (p = 0.021). A significant negative correlation was found between nasal quadrant RNFL thickness and small vessel disc area (p = 0.014, r = -0.306). Conclusions: Chronic SRF in CSCR patients, even when not involving the peripapillary region, leads to significant structural changes in both the neural and vascular components of the retina. These findings suggest that SRF contributes to broader retinal alterations and supports the need for early detection and management of CSCR to prevent long-term visual impairment.
Disruptive Business Model for Higher Education
Authors: Abushawish Aya
Published: November 2024

The higher education landscape has significantly evolved with the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and outcome-driven business models. This study explores how IoT technologies and new business models are transforming higher education, particularly in light of global disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. A key innovation discussed is the concept of personalized degrees, allowing students to design custom degree programs accredited by frameworks like ABET (Ac-creditation Board for Engineering and Technology) to match their learning objectives. The study investigates current trends in higher education, focusing on IoT’s role in creating flexible educa-tional models that address the needs of modern learners and the workforce. An empirical survey was conducted involving students, faculty, and parents to assess the use of online learning technologies in higher education. The survey results support the potential of this new business model, but also reveal significant resistance to change, particularly from teachers, parents, and students who doubt the effectiveness of online education. As a result, higher education institu-tions must undertake campaigns to inform and persuade stakeholders about the value and le-gitimacy of these innovative models, to drive acceptance and adoption.
Using Entropy to Measure Religious Pluralism
Authors: Sturm George William
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses a unique and revolutionary method that quantitatively evaluates the programming of a media outlet regarding religious pluralism. Using an ‘program appeal’ score and entropy measures from Information Theory, the broadcast operator is able to determine if governmental compliance is being met and whether certain programs are problematic. The theoretical foundation of this tool is presented and illustrated using real-life data.
Transition Investigation on Stress-Strain Relationship of Sand-Silt Mixtures from Check Dam Deposit in Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Ya , Wang Hongyu , Chang Liucheng , Wang JingHui
Published: November 2024

To investigate the influence of initial moisture content and confining pressure on the stress-strain characteristics of sand-silt mixtures (SSM), a series of consolidated drained triaxial shear experiments were conducted on reconstructed sand-silt mixtures with varying moisture contents (10%, 12%, 14% and 16%). The test results revealed the stress-strain relationship of SSM is primarily controlled by the applied confining pressure, exhibiting remarkable strain softening under low confining pressure and noticeable strain hardening under high confining pressure. Based on these experimental findings, a modified constitutive model (CPM) was proposed by integrating both classic hardening model and softening model. Additionally, a post-failure modulus was introduced to characterize transition phenomena, and its transformation mechanism was analyzed in detail. Furthermore, three illustrative cases were presented to validate and demonstrate the applicability of analytical results through comparison with experimental data.
Bridging Periodontal Disease and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: The Role of Immune Dysregulation and Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Mihaila Romeo Gabriel , Todor Samuel Bogdan
Published: November 2024

Periodontal disease (PD) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are linked through common inflammatory mediators and immune dysregulation. Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in both conditions, with markers such as Chitinase-3-like protein 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-23 reflecting disease severity in PD and heightened inflammatory responses in MPNs. The NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes are implicated in promoting excessive cytokine release, contributing to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This interplay underscores a bidirectional relationship between PD and MPNs, where pathogen-induced inflammation and immune dysregulation exacerbate disease progression. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to manage inflammation and improve outcomes in affected individuals.
TEG-Powered Long-Range Wireless Real-Time Steam Leaks Detection in Steamtraps
Authors: Aragonés Raúl , Oliver Joan , Ferrer Carles
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an innovative waste heat-powered, long-range wireless, and battery-less industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device. It is designed to measure and predict steam leaks in steam pipelines, and particularly in steam traps. This self-powered device will aid energy-intensive industries (chemical, petrochemical, oil refineries, pharma, etc.) in becoming more environmentally friendly and profitable as they transition towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Moreover, thanks to continuous power provided by thermoelectric generators, the device operates without batteries, enabling the use of long-range wireless protocols such as LoRaWAN, thus minimizing internal wireless infrastructure, and incorporating edge computing to reduce the overall cloud computing. The adoption of this device in such industries would permit important energy savings and manual audits related steam leak inspections. These capabilities are challenging to achieve in battery-powered IoT devices due to battery life limitations and wiring costs in wired sensors.
Navigating Grief: Exploring the Factors Affecting Trauma and Depression in Suicide Bereaved Individuals
Authors: Webster-Harris Chloe , Tillsley Jaimie , Harroe Caroline , Williamson Lisa , Garrett Thomas , Stonard Rachael-Louise
Published: November 2024

Research on suicide bereavement has increased over the decades, however, previous studies have rarely taken into account factors such as relationship, demographics, body discovery, and suicide method on trauma and depression severity. The present study examined relationship to deceased, suicide method, body discovery, age, and gender in terms of depression and PTSD symptoms utilising retrospective data from the suicide bereavement service ‘The Tomorrow Project’ of the third sector service Harmless. A total of 431 bereaved clients completed IES-R and PHQ-9 self-report measures on intake and were analysed against the predictive variables. Contrary to hypotheses, results showed no statistical significance in terms of relationship, suicide method, body discovery, or age. Significant gender differences were detected with women showing higher depression and PTSD symptoms than men (p = <.001) with a slightly larger effect size in terms of PTSD symptoms (F(1,421) = 18.35, p = <.001; partial η2 = .042). Results are discussed in the terms of the need for further investigation into gender differences in suicide bereavement and the need to include gender as a risk factor for severe trauma in clinical screening after a suicide has been experienced.
Recognizing Distress in Cancer Patients in Day Hospital, by Trained Nurses vs. Non Trained Nurses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Iacorossi Laura , Falcicchio Chiara , Gambalunga Francesca , Taraborelli Emanuela , Maggi Gabriella , Terrenato Irene , Petrone Fabrizio , Caruso Anita , Perrone Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: Cancer can cause psychological distress in 35-40% of patients, influencing their quality of life, adherence to treatment, and relationships with medical staff. Nurses have an important role in monitoring and addressing psychological distress, but they often lack the competencies needed to refer patients for appropriate psycho-social con-sultations. Objective: To evaluate the impact that trained nurses have on the detection of distress and the timely referral of patients for a Psycho-oncology consult. Methods: Blind, random, descriptive, monocentric pilot study. The participants were adult patients in Day Hospital 1 of the National Cancer Institute Regina Elena of Rome, irrespective of illness stage. Tools used included a socio-demographic and clinical data form, Distress Ther-mometer (DT), and Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A, where questionnaires were administered by trained nurses, and Group B, where non-trained nurses administered questionnaires. Nurses indicated if patients needed a Psycho-oncology consult. All patients were then seen by a psycho-oncology specialist to determine if the nurse's referral was appropriate. Both patients and Psy-cho-oncologists were unaware of the nurses' training status. The effectiveness of the training was measured by the degree of agreement between evaluators. Results: The study involved 20 patients and four nurses. The average DT score was 5, mainly related to physical and emotional problems. Agreement between evaluators was higher in the trained nurses ‘group. Conclusions: Specific training on DT has enabled nurses to acquire advanced skills to accurately refer patients to psychological consultations.
Toxic Leadership and Turnover Intentions: Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator in This Relationship
Authors: Lopes Teresa , Soares Annelyse , Palma-Moreira Ana
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to study the effect of toxic leadership on exit intentions and whether this relationship was moderated by emotional intelligence. The sample consisted of 202 participants working in organizations based in Portugal. The results show that toxic leadership positively and significantly affects turnover intentions. Regarding emotional intelligence, only the dimensions of the use of emotions and the emotions of others have a negative and significant effect on turnover intentions. As for the moderating effect, only the use of emotions and emotion regulation dimensions moderate the relationship between toxic leadership and turnover intentions. Participants with high levels of emotion use and emotion regulation, when compared to participants with low levels of emotion use and emotion regulation, found that toxic leadership was relevant in boosting their turnover intentions. It can be concluded that participants use their emotional capacities to move away from toxic environments in search of new and better working conditions.
PjBL online in ecological learning to improve student's problem-solving skills
Authors: Raida Sulasfiana Alfi , Ardianti Sekar Dwi
Published: November 2024

Implementation of PjBL will be more flexible and efficient if implemented online. Students develop ecological problem-solving projects around where students live and students can also report on the progress of their projects in their respective homes. Online learning is sought so that students can improve their skills to solve real problems in the surrounding environment. This type of research is classroom action research using the Kemmis and McTaggart model which consists of 3 cycles. This research was conducted at the Tadris IPA Study Program, IAIN Kudus for four months from February to June with the research subjects being 38 B class students. The data in this study were collected using observation guidelines for the implementation of learning and student’s problem-solving skills. The results of observations of problem-solving skills were 66.58% in cycle I, 80.72% in cycle II, and 92.44% in cycle III. This indicates an increase in problem-solving skills in students through the application of the PjBL online in ecological learning. In addition, student activity also increases in the application of this learning. The activeness of students in the first cycle was 48.63%, in the second cycle it was 77.53% and in the third cycle, it was 87.6%. In addition, 82% of students gave a positive response to learning for each question item. Enthusiastic students are actively involved in developing PjBL online in ecological learning to solve real environmental problems.
Engaging Low-Wage Workers in Health and Well-Being Survey Research: Strategies From 5 Occupational Studies
Authors: Sabbath Erika L. , Lovejoy Meg , Schneider Daniel K. , Diaz-Linhart Yaminette , DeHorn Grace , Peters Susan E.
Published: November 2024

Without perspectives of low-wage workers in studies of worker health and well-being, researchers cannot comprehensively assess occupational health and health equity impacts of workplace exposures and interventions. Researchers and practitioners have noted particular challenges in engaging low-wage workers in worksite-based health survey research, yet little scholarship has described strategies for improving their engagement and response rates.

To fill this gap, we present case examples from 5 occupational studies conducted between 2020 and 2024 in industries including health care, food service, and fulfillment centers. For each case, we describe how we identified barriers to worker engagement in surveys, explain specific strategies we used to address those barriers, and assess the effectiveness of these actions. Then, summarizing across case examples, we offer practical recommendations to researchers surveying low-wage populations, highlighting that high-touch recruitment, building trust with workers and managers, and obtaining manager support to take surveys during work time (for worksite-based studies) are critical for obtaining reliable, representative data.

Our work contributes to broader discussions on improving survey response rates in vulnerable worker populations and aims to support future researchers undertaking similar efforts. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(2):201–208. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307875 )
Microtubule pivoting driven by spindle elongation rescues polar chromosomes to ensure faithful mitosis
Authors: Tolić Iva , Koprivec Isabella , Stimac Valentina , Mikec Petra
Published: November 2024

Polar chromosomes represent a subset of ~7 chromosomes in human cells that initially attach to the mitotic spindle behind the spindle pole. These chromosomes are delayed in congression to the metaphase plate and prone to segregation errors. Yet, the mechanism of their congression remains elusive. Here we show, using stimulated emission depletion and lattice light-sheet microscopy, that polar chromosomes require a unique congression step to transit across the spindle pole. This step occurs independently of the known congression drivers, including CENP-E, kinetochore dynein, chromokinesins, and actomyosin. Instead, it relies on the pivoting of chromosome-carrying astral microtubules around the centrosome towards the spindle surface. During pivoting, polar chromosomes form complex attachments with astral microtubules, which persist throughout the process. By modulating the activity of the kinesin-5 Eg5/KIF11 to reverse, restore, or block spindle elongation, we demonstrate that spindle elongation drives the pivoting and dictates its direction and magnitude. We identify impaired spindle elongation as a major cause of mitotic errors of polar chromosomes in RPE1 cells following Mps1 kinase inhibition, and in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma OVSAHO cells. Increasing spindle elongation through depletion of the kinesin-4 KIF4A rescues polar chromosomes in OVSAHO cells, supporting the causal relationship between spindle elongation and the resolution of polar chromosomes. We conclude that polar chromosomes depend on spindle elongation to propel the pivoting of their astral microtubules, enabling chromosome contact with the spindle surface, congression, and accurate segregation. In the context of disease, our findings suggest that manipulating spindle elongation has the potential to modify mitotic errors in certain cancer cells.
Venus Cloud Catcher as a Proof-of-Concept AerosolCollection Instrument
Authors: Iakubivskyi Iaroslav , Seager Sara , Carr Christopher E. , Petkowski Janusz J. , Agrawal Rachana , Moreno M. Regina A. , Nellutla Snigdha
Published: November 2024

We report on the proof-of-concept of a low-mass, low-power method for collecting micron-sized sulfuric acid aerosols in bulk from the atmosphere of Venus. The collection method uses four wired meshes in a sandwich structure with a deposition area of 225 cm2. It operates in two modes: passive and electrostatic. During passive operation, aerosols are gathered on the deposition surface by aerodynamic force. During electrostatic operation, a tungsten needle discharges a high voltage of −10 kV at the front of the grounded mesh structure. The discharge ionizes aerosols and attracts them to the mesh by Coulomb forces, resulting in improved efficiency and tentative attraction of submicron aerosols. We describe the instrument construction and testing in the laboratory under controlled conditions with aerosols composed of 25%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 98%* concentration by volume of sulfuric acid, the rest water. We demonstrated the following: (i) both modes of operation can collect the entire range of sulfuric acid solutions; (ii) the collection efficiency increases steadily (from a few percent for water to over 40 percent for concentrated sulfuric acid) with the increased concentration of sulfuric acid solution in water in both modes; (iii) the relative improvement in the collection of the electrostatic mode decreases as the sulfuric acid concentration increases. We also demonstrated the operation of the instrument in the field, cloud particle collection on Mt. Washington, NH, and crater-rim fumaroles’ particle collection on Kilauea volcano, HI. The collection rate in the field is wind-speed dependent, and we observed collection rates around 0.1 ml·min−1 in low wind environments (1–2 m·s−1), and around 1 ml·min−1 in stronger wind (7–9 m·s−1).
Congenital anomalies after first-trimester dydrogesterone therapy during in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chi Hongbin , Yang Wan , Zeng Lin , Chen Lixue , Yang Rui , Wang Haiyan , Li Hongzhen , Liu Ping , Lian Ying , Li Rong , Qiao Jie
Published: November 2024

Congenital anomaly is a critical public health issue and should be a research priority. Here, 52,175 newborn babies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in our reproductive center from 2010 to 2018 were studied. We found, in frozen cycles, the incidence of musculoskeletal anomalies was significantly lower in the dydrogesterone (DYG)-exposed group than that in the DYG-unexposed group, both before (0.60‰ vs. 2.37‰; P = 0.020) and after (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.66) adjusting for confounders. The remaining classifications of congenital anomalies were not different between the groups in frozen cycles. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, first-trimester DYG therapy did not increase the risk of congenital anomalies. Due to the limitations of this cohort study, further follow-up and in-depth data analysis are planned for future studies.
Evaluating the Desirability of Energy Inequality Mitigation Strategies within Underserved Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ighravwe Desmond Eseoghene , Olanrewaju Oludolapo
Published: November 2024

Studies have shown that energy inequality is reasonable for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa who lack access to reliable and affordable energy. This research presents an approach to addressing energy inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. The approach uses socio-economic criteria to determine the most effective mitigation strategy to address energy inequality within underserved communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This research used a fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) and VIKOR to merge socio-economic criteria and mitigation strategies for energy inequality. Nine socio-economic criteria, including environmental sustainability and scalability, and ten mitigation strategies, including promoting decentralized renewable energy solutions and implementing energy access programs for vulnerable populations, were considered. Environmental sustainability was the fundamental criterion for selecting a suitable mitigation strategy for energy inequality. According to the results of the VIKOR method and the results of the aggregated ranking methods, promoting decentralized renewable energy solutions was the most suitable strategy for dealing with energy inequality. This research uses Spareman's correlation to investigate the significance of ranking from the VIKOR and TOPSIS methods. When Alpha = 5%, we observed a significant association between these methods; the correlation coefficient was 0.8909. These research findings will guide stakeholders, especially investors, on the best action for investment initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa.
Alcanivorax beigongshangi sp. nov., isolated from the fermented grains of Chinese baijiu
Authors: Zhang Tong-Xi , Li Yi-Ming , Gu Hao-Yue , Zhang Ru , Sun Zhan-Bin , Pan Han-Xu , Ren Qing
Published: November 2024

A bacterial strain, REN37T, was isolated from fermented grains of Baijiu samples collected from Sichuan, PR China. The cells of strain REN37T was Gram-negative and aerobic. The cellular morphology exhibited rod-shaped cells without flagellum, displaying non-motility. The optimal growth condition was at 32–37 oC, pH 6.0–7.0, and with a NaCl concentration of 1%-2% (w/v). Strain REN37T was positive for amylase, catalase and oxidase activities and aesculin, casein, starch hydrolysis. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strains REN37T was identified to belong to the genus of Alcanivorax. Its closest species was Alcanivorax pacificus W11-5T (96.1%). The polar lipids were identified to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-12. The predominant fatty acids were C15:0 anteiso (49.4%), C16:0 iso (18.1%), C17:0 anteiso (16.5%), C15:0 iso (9.5%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and average amino acid identify (AAI) values between strain REN37T and its most similar species were 19.2%, 74.0% and 92.0%, respectively. The DNA G + C content of the strain REN37T was 63.0 mol%. Based on the results, REN37T represents a novel strain, and the name Alcanivorax beigongshangi sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is REN37T (= GDMCC 1.3120T = JCM 35319T).
Greater risk-taking by non-native than native shrimp: an advantage in a human-disturbed environment?
Authors: Gómez Alfredo Escanciano , Ipenburg Charlotte , Candolin Ulrika
Published: November 2024

Background
The invasion of non-native species into ecosystems is a growing human-induced problem. To control their spread and population growth, knowledge is needed on the factors that facilitate or impede their invasions. In animals, traits often associated with invasion success are high activity, boldness, and aggression. However, these traits also make individuals susceptible to predation, which could curb population growth. We investigated if a recent invader into the Baltic Sea, the shrimp Palaemon elegans, differs in risk-taking from a native shrimp, P. adspersus. We recorded activity, habitat choice, and response to perceived predation threat of both species.
Results
We found the invading shrimp to take greater risks than the native one; while the native shrimp adjusted its behaviour to habitat structure and exposure to a perceived predator, the non-native shrimp did not, and it resumed normal activity sooner after a perceived predation threat. Despite the greater risk taking by the non-native shrimp, its population has grown rapidly during the last two decades in the investigated area and is now larger than that of the native shrimp.
Conclusions
We discuss plausible explanations for the population growth of the invader, including the recent decline in predatory fishes that could have reduced the cost of risk-taking, and anthropogenic eutrophication that has increased food abundance could have allowed the population growth. These results stress the need to assess the optimality of the behaviours of both native and non-native species when investigating the factors that influence invasion success in human-disturbed environments.
Sex dimorphism in rodent brain responses to ketogenic diets: A comparative study
Authors: Lorin Charlotte , Diaceri Giacomo , Garcia Miguel , Markram Henry , Logette Emmanuelle , Keller Daniel
Published: November 2024

This study highlights the need for standardized ketogenic diet (KD) research that includes both sexes, as most previous studies have focused on male animals. Using the most widely used strain in biomedical research, the genetically uniform C57BL/6J mice, two KD suppliers (Safe and Bio-Serv) were compared to assess the impact of diet composition on metabolic outcomes. Safe’s KD induced ketosis initially but caused metabolic disruptions due to stratification in the diet's composition. Bio-Serv’s KD consistently maintained ketosis and was preferred for standardization. Significant sex-based differences were found, likely due to the influence of hormones. Brain cell analysis revealed a lactate gradient from astrocytes to neurons and differences in glucose and glutamine distribution, though limited by sample size. The study reinforces the importance of including both sexes in metabolic research and maintaining diet consistency to better understand hormonal effects and long-term health impacts of the KD.
Sovereign Default Risk and Household Consumption
Authors: Liu Teng
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I uncover how sovereign debt default risks spill over into household consumption behavior through the fiscal channel. Existing studies have sparsely documented the consumption implications of sovereign default. During sovereign financial distress, a government typically conducts fiscal adjustment in areas such as pension and food assistance. Thus for households who benefit from public transfers, the adjustment of public expenditures matter for their consumption behavior. Using micro-level data of the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) of Mexico, I measure household consumption changes resulting from fiscal adjustment and from sovereign risks. The analyses consist of state-level and household-level estimates, and provide nuanced views of the default-consumption link by exploiting micro variables such as household income distribution, wealth, and socio-demographic characteristics. Both the state-level and household-level results suggest that in many cases, the link between default risk and household consumption is negative and significant, especially through the adjustment of pension expenditure. Abstract. In this paper, I uncover how sovereign debt default risks spill over into household consumption behavior through the fiscal channel. Existing studies have sparsely documented the consumption implications of sovereign default. During sovereign financial distress, a government typically conducts fiscal adjustment in areas such as pension and food assistance. Thus for households who benefit from public transfers, the adjustment of public expenditures matter for their consumption behavior. Using micro-level data of the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) of Mexico, I measure household consumption changes resulting from fiscal adjustment and from sovereign risks. The analyses consist of state-level and household-level estimates, and provide nuanced views of the default-consumption link by exploiting micro variables such as household income distribution, wealth, and socio-demographic characteristics. Both the state-level and household-level results suggest that in many cases, the link between default risk and household consumption is negative and significant, especially through the adjustment of pension expenditure.
JEL Codes: F34, E21, H31
Synthesis, evaluation, and mechanism study of novel benzimidazole acylhydrazone derivatives for antitumor activity
Authors: shao Lihui , Feng Nianlin , Zhou Yue , Li Chengpeng , Chen Danping , Li Chenchen , Zhou Xiang , Li Zhurui , Wang Zhenchao
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives for their anti-tumor activity against A549 and PC-3 cells. Initial screening using the MTT assay identified compound 5m as the most potent inhibitor of A549 cells with an IC50 of 7.19 μM, which was superior to the positive agents 5-Fluorouracil and Gefitinib. Cellular mechanism studies elucidated 5m arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, induces apoptosis along with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species. Colony formation and wound healing assays demonstrated that 5m markedly inhibited the clonogenic and migratory abilities of A549 cells. Western blot analysis showed an upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and significant downregulation of cell cycle proteins CyclinB1 and CDK-1. These findings suggest that compound 5m effectively suppresses A549 cell proliferation and migration through multiple mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a novel anti-lung cancer agent.
A Multi-Step Day-Ahead Wind Power Forecasting Based on VMD-LSTM- EFG-ABC Technique
Authors: Ayyavu Shobanadevi , Sayeed Md Shohel , Razak Siti Fatimah Abdul
Published: November 2024

Accurate and robust wind power prediction for wind farms could significantly decrease the substantial effect on grid operating safety caused by integrating high-permeability intermittent power supplies into the power grid. The article introduces a new wind power multistep prediction model combining Variational Mode De-composition (VMD) with the Long Short-Term Enhanced Forget Gate (LSTM_EFG) network. The VMD is occupied to break down the initial wind power and speed data into various sub-layers. The LSTM_EFG network predicts the low-frequency sub-layers extracted from the VMD. In contrast, the Artificial Bee Colony optimization algorithm fine-tunes the network for the high-frequency sub-layers acquired from the VMD-LSTM-EFG model. The high performance of projected methods in multistep prediction was evaluated by comparing them with eight different models. Results from four experiments show that: (a) the projected model exhibits the most superior multistep prediction performance out of all models tested; (b) in comparison to other models, the proposed model proves to be more efficient and resilient in capturing trend information. The implementation of accurate wind power prediction models continues to pose challenges due to the unpredictable, sudden, and seasonal changes in wind patterns.