bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helicopter simulation
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Details the latest developments in helicopter simulation, as revealed at a recent conference, and how they might help in reducing the costs associated with training pilots. Discusses in depth the Merlin Training System, an integrated set of training devices which feature simulators, part task trainers and classroom and computer based training materials. Also examines other training solutions for civil and military helicopters, such as Heli‐Trainer from Thomson Training and Simulation.
Protect and survive
Authors: Hardwick John
Published: July 2002

Lightning strikes are potentially dangerous so aircraft manufacturers work hard to design effective protection. Explains how LTT’s expertise ensures that manufacturers’ protection systems are reliable.
Stage performance influence on dynamic simulation of gas turbine compressors
Authors: Massardo Aristide F. , Giusto Cristiana , Ghiglino Fabio
Published: July 2002

Analyses a stage‐by‐stage model to simulate the dynamic response of compression systems operating with axial multistage compressors. The compressor model is coupled with two different downstream volume (plenum) representations: the first is zero‐dimensional and the second is one‐dimensional. Both dynamic models utilize complete stage performance curves (direct unstalled flow, stalled flow and back flow) obtained through experimental investigation, or from theoretical analysis based on turbomachinery geometry and semi‐empirical considerations. Analyses in depth the results of the dynamic simulations, obtained utilizing both methods, compared to the experimental data reported in the literature, and finally compares one to the other through a fast Fourier transformer (FFT) analysis.
Intelligent manufacturing
Authors: Burns Roland
Published: July 2002

Researchers are now designing a new generation of machines that can reason, make judgements, learn from experience ‐ intelligent machines. Already this technology is being incorporated into a new generation of machines and manufacturing processes. Explores the use of fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms in the design of intelligent machines and explains their basic structure. Gives examples of how this technology can be incorporated into applications such as the design of robot end effectors, CNC machine tools and autonomous guided vehicles. Discusses the development of the intelligent machine and the impact that these will have on manufacturing in the future.
Lowest drag ever on debris‐guarded temperature sensor using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Trongard Penny , Brown Rob
Published: July 2002

BFGoodrich Aerospace Aircraft Sensors Division engineers achieved their best ever level of aerodynamic performance on a temperature sensor with a debris guard by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize the design prior to prototyping. Meeting the conflicting needs of protecting the sensing element from debris and achieving the desired level of sensor accuracy and performance made this a very complex problem. CFD allowed engineers to evaluate the performance of 20 different design alternatives within the six‐month lead time for the project. This made it possible to substantially reduce drag relative to current designs while meeting all accuracy and durability requirements. The traditional build‐and‐test method is so much more costly and time‐consuming than CFD that it would have been impossible to evaluate anywhere near this number of alternatives using this approach.
Developments in avionics
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Discusses future trends in avionics architecture and software techniques. Considers the objectives needed for an integrated avionics architecture which is required for the next generation of high‐capacity aircraft with the A3XX in mind.
Sharpening the problem‐solving skills of aerospace engineers
Authors: Vroman Gary J.
Published: July 2002

Describes how Ladish Co. Inc., North America’s second largest forging company, has changed the approach its engineers use to solve problems. Aerospace constitutes approximately 85 per cent of Ladish’s sales and the cyclical nature of the industry forced the company to recognize the competitive shortcomings of focusing narrowly on technical issues. Today Ladish thoroughly scrutinizes the business impact of every technical decision ‐ and its engineers do so using a significantly different set of broad‐based assumptions than were commonly in use in the organization five years ago. The new problem‐solving methodology seems to be working. In 1998, Ladish posted its strongest financial performance in ten years.
Increased awareness
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Shows how the technology developed for military Head Up Displays is now adopted for civil aircraft. Marconi Electronics with the HUD 2020 has used the ability to present information to the pilot within the forward field of view to enhance the civil pilot’s awareness in high workload situations. This enables precise control of speed and attitude to be obtained down to touchdown.
Aero‐mechanical design of high‐lift systems
Authors: van Dam C.P. , Shaw S.G. , Vander Kam J.C. , Rudolph P.K.C. , Kinney D.
Published: July 2002

In today’s highly competitive and economically driven commercial aviation market, the trend is to make aircraft systems simpler and to design and develop them faster resulting in lower production and operational costs. One such system is the high‐lift system. A methodology has been developed which merges aerodynamic data with kinematic analysis of the trailing‐edge flap mechanism with minimum mechanism definition required. This methodology provides quick and accurate aerodynamic performance prediction of the flap deployment mechanism early on in the high‐lift system preliminary design stage. Sample analysis results for four different deployment mechanisms are presented as well as descriptions of the aerodynamic and mechanism data required for evaluation. Extensions to interactive design capabilities are also discussed.
Study of the effect of ethylene glycol and glycerol on the rate of electropolishing of copper by the rotating disk technique
Authors: Taha A.A.
Published: July 2002

The rate of copper dissolution in the presence of phosphoric acid‐alcohol mixtures was studied by measuring the limiting current density which represents that the rate of electropolishing is decreased by increasing phosphoric acid concentration, electrode height, and mole fraction of alcohol. Thermodynamic parameters are calculated. The rotating disk electrode is being used as a tool to study the influence of organic solvent addition on the rate of electropolishing of copper. Different reaction conditions such as temperature, speed of rotation of copper disk, the physical properties of solution are studied to obtain a dimensionless correlation between all these parameters. The data can be correlated by the following equations: Sh = 1.835 (Sc)0.33 (Re)0.36 (for ethylene glycol) Sh = 1.25 (Sc)0.33 (Re)0.5 (for glycerol) It is obvious that the exponent in the two cases denotes a laminar flow mechanism.
Role of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in cathodic disbondment
Authors: Kamalanand N. , Gopalakrishnan G. , Ponnambalam S.G. , Mathiyarasu J. , Natarajan R.N. , Subramaniam P. , Palaniswamy N. , Rengaswamy N.S.
Published: July 2002

The most economical way of protecting pipelines is through the application of organic coatings and wrappings. To make the protection foolproof at holidays and pores, cathodic protection is also applied. At coating holidays, the pipelines act as the cathode generating hydroxyl ion and hydrogen electrochemically. Extensive studies have been carried out using samples of mild steel pipe coated with reinforced coal tar enamel coating to investigate the role of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion on cathodic disbondment. The testing material is subjected to different environmental conditions like pH, aeration and addition of different anionic species. A mechanism has been proposed to describe the individual role of hydroxyl ion and hydrogen in the process of disbondment.
Corrosion resistance of composite nickel‐Al2O3 deposits
Authors: Karayianni G. Batis H.S. , Vassiliou P.
Published: July 2002

The corrosion resistance of composite nickel electrodeposits with alumina embedded in the nickel matrix prepared in sulfate and chloride bath has been studied. As corrosion environment salt spray and nitric acid solution have been tested. The chloride type of deposits were more resistant in the corrosive environments studied than the sulfate ones. The structure as a consequence of the preparation conditions affect the corrosion resistance behavior of the deposits. The composite deposits with aluminium oxide exhibited a higher corrosion resistance in all tested conditions.
The relation between anionic/non‐ionic surfactant and electrodeposition of nickel‐polytetrafluoro ethylene polymer composite
Authors: Abdel Hamid Z. , Omar A.M.A.
Published: July 2002

A nickel‐fluoropolymer composite was produced by electrodeposition using Watt’s nickel bath containing polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE) in suspension. Various experimental conditions including the PTFE concentration, the pH values, current density and the temperature on the volume per cent of PTFE were evaluated. Also several studies were carried out with aqueous surfactant mixture solutions including surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentration (CMC), micellar composition (Xm), activity coefficient (υ), micellar interaction parameter (βm). Effectiveness (ΠCMC) and efficiency PC20 were investigated at different mole fraction of anionic surfactant. The relation between efficiency of anionic/non‐ionic surfactant mixture and codeposition of PTFE particles was discussed according to micellar composition and the above mentioned physical parameters.
A look at fastfood competition in the Philippines
Authors: Liu Chu‐Mei , Chen Kuang‐Jung
Published: July 2002

The study tried to develop a product‐market structure of the fast‐food restaurants in the Philippines. Using the concept of hierarchical clustering based on substitution‐in‐use, the influence of three categories of situational influence were used to modify the original choice‐market mix relationship at every clustering stage. Changes in the importance of the individual components of the product‐service mix served as the basis of the link‐up among competing fast‐food restaurants.
An assessment of management systems and business performance in the UK food and drinks industry
Authors: Mann Robin , Adebanjo Oludotun , Kehoe Dennis
Published: July 2002

The findings of a study investigating the performance of the UK food and drinks industry against the European Business Excellence Model are presented. The study involved 50 food companies assessing themselves (by questionnaire) against the nine criteria of the model. The major finding of the study was that, on average, food and drinks companies have less well developed management systems than other industries. Its main areas of strength are in resource and process management and its main areas of weakness are in policy and strategy, customer satisfaction, people satisfaction and impact on society. For the food industry to move forward, more companies should consider using self‐assessment as a method for identifying improvement opportunities and assessing their progress towards business excellence.
Desnoes & Geddes Limited
Authors: Paul Dana Leo
Published: July 2002

This case takes us to Jamaica, where Desnoes & Geddes has been a market leader. As products reach the maturity phase of the product life cycle, it is time to consider strategies for the future.
McDonald’s Co. (Japan) Ltd
Authors: Paul Dana Leo
Published: July 2002

During the post‐bubble bust of the 1990s, many eating establishments closed down. Yet McDonald’s was determined to stay. However, management recognised the importance of slashing prices. This case is an opportunity to learn about price elasticity of demand.
Individuals and enterprise: winning business in the new millennium
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Colin
Published: July 2002

As the emphasis switches from cost‐cutting and restructuring to revenue generation and value creation, the winning of business assumes greater importance. Although the skills required to submit successful proposals and win bids, and the critical success factors for winning business in a growing number of sectors have now been identified, and relevant tools and techniques are available, the overwhelming majority of training and development professionals are failing to contribute to the winning of competitive business. An unprecedented opportunity exists for the training and development community to make a strategic contribution.
Project management – managing tomorrow: a Softlab/Professional Development Team venture
Authors: Gunn Kevin
Published: July 2002

In November 1998, Softlab, a BMW Group company and leading European software provider and systems integrator, appointed project management specialists, the newly launched Professional Development Team (PDT), to assess project managers throughout the company, both individually and as teams. A three‐year bespoke training programme was then developed to support Softlab’s long term business strategy of growing and extending its customer base. Softlab’s commitment to this complete training and consultancy solution pays testament to its dedication to providing structured and supported career paths for all project personnel.
Law firm’s IT training wins industry recognition
Authors: Walls Karen
Published: July 2002

edge ellison is only the second law firm in the UK to receive an accreditation from the Institute of IT Training for its internal IT training programme. The award is based on an industry Code of Practice and is consistent with the objectives of Investors in People and ISO but goes much deeper into the specialist area of IT training. Only 70 companies in the UK have received accreditation and, of those, only 15 are in‐house training departments. The award recognises the commitment of edge ellison’s Systems Training Department to their 650+ internal clients as providers of high quality, effective IT training.
Management Development That Delivers
Authors: Thatcher John
Published: July 2002

Describes an approach to management development which makes it easier
for trainers to demonstrate how they add value in their organizations.
The approach focuses on the real needs and issues of the people
attending and encourages them to take action in ways that have an
immediate pay‐off for them and their organizations. Describes a typical
intervention which has been carried out in a wide variety of
organizations during the past ten years. This comprises a two‐part
workshop with further work carried out before and after the workshops.
Some of the processes involved during the workshops are described in
detail, and common issues that have emerged for managers, such as
dealing with feelings, and getting and giving support, are explored.
Addresses the implications for trainers and the organization of using
this approach and concludes that it is only by focusing on the real
day‐to‐day problems of managers that trainers can demonstrate that they
add value.
New Developments in Team Building
Authors: Gustafson Kim , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: July 2002

Work teams are viewed by today′s businesses as a new frontier to be
explored. The effect that teams can have has been demonstrated by the
tremendous quality improvement of the post‐World War II Japanese
products. Japan has set the example for the development of work teams
throughout the world. Discusses eight characteristics which are:
participatory leadership; shared responsibility; definition of purpose;
high communication; focused future; focused tasks; creative talents; and
rapid response. Teams of the present and future will have a tremendous
effect on how the businesses of today and tomorrow will be run. The
ideal manager will no longer be an omnipotent executive but a
facilitator, counsellor and co‐ordinator of the development of employee
competence. As a result, employee satisfaction may reach an all‐time
high.
Small Firms′ Training
Authors: Hankinson Alan
Published: July 2002

During the period 1990‐94 a survey of small firms′ attitudes to training
was undertaken in south coast Hampshire. Key personnel in a sample of 48
firms with up to 100 staff were all interviewed. The results revealed
that effective training was not high on the agenda of priorities.
Training awareness far exceeded the application. Training was regarded
as an expense rather than an investment. The smaller firm′s persistent
neglect of this area of management could prove to be one of the major
problems of the late 1990s.
The Learning Company 2004
Authors: Megginson David
Published: July 2002

Discusses changes in individual learning capacity during the ten years
up to 2004, including tree of knowledge (TOK) briefcases; cyborg
technology; remodelling knowledgework; the flexible individual; and
techneurology. Also discusses changes in organizational learning
including dispersal of schools and universities; headquarters to
conferential organizations; the fabricated organization; changes in
information systems; and the shift in power.
Building the organizational team
Authors: Heap Nick
Published: July 2002

Describes three ways to build teams. Details outline designs based on data, relationships and purpose. Discusses their advantages, disadvantages and appropriateness and illustrates by case examples. Also provides methods of building teamworking between teams, and therefore the organization as a team.
Using and producing multimedia materials
Authors: Browell Sue
Published: July 2002

As one of a number of new learning technologies, multimedia is increasingly being used in traditional training and development events and also in open and flexible learning modules. With a move towards more flexible working practices, it is necessary to provide a more flexible approach to learning, training and development, particularly with regard to timing, location and the needs of the learner. Multimedia provides that flexibility. Gives educators, and training and development specialists some understanding of what multimedia is by providing a number of definitions and considering the benefits of using multimedia materials. Outlines developing and producing multimedia materials, together with some of the complex legal issues involved in production.
Pre‐placement work‐based projects within a retail sandwich degree
Authors: Stephen John , Jones Peter , Huntington Sue
Published: July 2002

Provides a short report on short pre‐placement work‐based projects within a retail sandwich degree at the Manchester Metropolitan University. Outlines the objectives of the projects and concludes that they play an important role in helping to strengthen practical retail skills and the students’ understanding of retail management issues.
Negotiation ‐ mystic art or identifiable process? Part 1
Authors: Rees W. David , Porter Christine
Published: July 2002

The range and importance of issues on which managers have to negotiate is increasing. This is the first of two articles based on the experience of running negotiating workshops, both in‐house and at the University of Westminster. Explains the training methodology, which was mainly, but not completely, based on experiential and discovery learning. Identifies process skills as being crucial. Discusses the generic skills that are needed and which can be developed in negotiating workshops.
The role of technology in education and training
Authors: Landen Mary
Published: July 2002

Notes that changing workplace demands are calling for a wide range of skills and competences from the workforce. The question for trainers and educationists is how these can best be developed. Advances in technology mean that it can now be an effective tool in learning and development. Many organizations and educational institutions are utilizing technology for a variety of reasons. Cost pressures are also a significant element in the choice of learning resources. In such circumstances, learning technology can be an attractive option. Questions whether technology is suitable for all types of student or for all types of learning. Draws up a matrix of the “learning resource mix”, which maps students’ preferences for tutor support against pedagogical requirements. Suggests that a wholesale rush to technology may not be the answer and that a more sophisticated and informed approach to learning technology choice will be more effective in the achievement of desired learning objectives.
Towards realising the full benefit of computer aided learning
Authors: Whalley Robert M.
Published: July 2002

Computer‐based management education is evolving into a discipline which will affect a wide range of people both as designers and users. Management educators, in business and training organizations, will have the opportunity to deliver modules of their courses and design new learning experiences through this medium. Explores the literature with the objective of highlighting techniques which will help the designer work effectively within the constraints of the medium. It concludes by considering factors which have limited the growth of the medium and strategies which have the potential to overcome these limits.
A win‐win project: developing redundant managers in a work context
Authors: Temple Hilary
Published: July 2002

A Kent TEC project “EXPAND”, developed with European Social Fund funding under its ADAPT strand and managed by Hilary Temple Associates, has successfully completed its first of two pilot years. It places redundant or early‐retired managers as business mentors in small and medium enterprises to assist them with expansion activities. These “Grey Angels” also undertake an individualised management development programme using the Senior Management Standards and other appropriate benchmarking tools. The totality of the project helps the Grey Angel identify further education or training needs, seek re‐employment, self‐employment, or continued consultancy with the host company. It also increases self‐esteem. The companies benefit from the manager’s accumulated wisdom and expertise, not just for the specific project but in general business development terms. Some Grey Angels also act as mentors to youngsters placed with the company under a Youthstart programme also managed by Kent TEC.
Training your staff (and the boss) to deal with drugs
Authors: Eckersley E. Kenneth , Eckersley E. Kenneth , Williams David A.
Published: July 2002

Drugs are hitting at the roots of our productivity and competitiveness, as their usage escalates amongst current employees and those entering full‐time work for the first time. Main symptoms are rising absenteeism, injuries, damage and stealing. But employers are having difficulty in recognising their cause, mainly through ignorance, lack of trained knowledge and fear of what is still a relatively new phenomenon. The realistic answer is the development and implementation of effective substance misuse policies in full consultation with staff representatives. But this is a precise and skilled activity requiring proper training of personnel management and staff supervisors. The article exposes the breadth of the problem, discusses how to train British staff and examines how our training industry can gear up to learn this newest and most vital of training subjects.
Leadership in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Bagshaw Mike , Bagshaw Caroline
Published: July 2002

Innovation is the constant requirement for the twenty‐first century. This comes first from individuals, but must permeate throughout the organisation. There is a new concept of the organisation itself being a learning, evolving organism. Knowledge must be shared freely to give it fuel for that growth. The status traditionally given to people who know a lot needs to be shifted to people who share a lot. This happens spontaneously in a crisis, when people are willing to try anything. We need to retain this willingness day to day. It takes emotional resilience, as change is difficult, and sometimes even seems threatening. The status quo has to be steadily challenged. Diversity is not something to be merely managed, but to be harvested as an essential ingredient for innovation. Leaders have to be behind the workforce, empowering them. Leading from the front is obsolete.
Database services in India
Authors: Subba Rao Siriginidi
Published: July 2002

Presents briefly the impact of information technology in information management and the major activities to be considered for improving information accessibility in India, including database production and publication by employing centralised input and centralised processing and decentralised input and centralised processing, and utilisation of existing international databases by way of leasing or through online access. Discusses the Indian scenario and information availability with various departments/agencies for database production. Lists the Indian database service providers with their services from government and corporate agencies. Concludes that the database sector is growing very fast in spite of some factors hindering its growth. The industry is still in a nascent stage even though providers are rushing to provide information.
Networking of CD‐ROMs
Authors: Subba Rao Siriginidi
Published: July 2002

Discusses CD‐ROM as a provider of multiple, simultaneous and remote access to a large amount of information such as abstracts, full text, directories, education materials, music, etc. Presents a number of options that are available to increase access to a CD‐ROM collection and commonly used CD‐ROM networks under LANs, viz., peer‐to‐peer, file servers, client/server and optical servers. Also discusses selection of hardware and software for successful networking. Concludes that careful study of the pros and cons of establishing a CD‐ROM network has to be weighed in terms of cost and usage.
Technical assistance to university libraries in Ghana: the case of the ODA/BPP at the University of Ghana Library
Authors: Fosu V.K.
Published: July 2002

A number of international agencies, governments, individual institutions and philanthropic foundations have contributed in various ways to the development of libraries in Ghana. This paper looks at the role of the Overseas Development Administration’s Book Presentation Programme (ODA/BPP) in the University of Ghana Library. The paper provides a justification for the continued reliance on such assistance and concludes that the assistance which has now been channelled to second cycle institutions should be reintroduced, but with a suggestion that slight modifications be made in the programme.
The Nepal National Library: an introduction
Authors: Thapa Dasharath
Published: July 2002

His Majesty’s Government of Nepal established the Nepal National Library in the mid‐1950s. The first librarian was Gangadhar Parajuli. The collection consists of literature in English, Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali etc. Cataloguing and classification were done according to AACR2 and the Dewey Classification scheme. In 1961 the library was opened to the general public. The library has more than 75,000 items in its collection. The UNESCO software CDS/ISIS is used for automation of the database. It also has a card catalogue. To provide public services throughout the country, four public libraries were designated as branch libraries in four different development regions of the country. A Legal Depository Act has been drafted and submitted to the Ministry of Education. The chief librarian is also the registrar of the Copyright Act to protect intellectual property. The NNL also publishes some ancient texts, a national union catalogue and a regular acquisitions list.
Reference and information services
Authors: Duckett Bob
Published: July 2002

Against a background of rapidly developing technology and changing social attitudes, there are many different ways of regarding enquiry work. This article focuses on the problem of characterising information and enquiry work, how it relates to traditional reference work, and how it is adapting to the Internet. Issues of co‐operation and government policy are briefly considered.
LIS research and publishing: the forces of change
Authors: Ashcroft Linda , McIvor Stephanie
Published: July 2002

Outlines the main themes and programmes of recent library and information science (LIS) research, giving examples of individual projects. Discusses how the direction of this research has been, and is likely to continue to be, subject to the forces of both technological change and of organisational change within the major funding bodies. Examines how the findings of such research are disseminated and discusses the role of academic journals and commercial publishers, including their likely future role. Finds the dissemination of research findings for LIS to be less than adequate in terms of meeting user needs, and suggests that Re:source establish a national LIS research register in partnership with commercial publishers.
The need for local heroes ‐ using the knowledge
Authors: Duckett Bob
Published: July 2002

Librarians are good at acquiring, preserving and organizing collections, but what is the point unless these collections are used? Argues that librarians should take responsibility for seeing that their collections are used, if necessary, and perhaps even ideally, by themselves.
Assessment and decision making: two user‐oriented studies
Authors: Weber Joseph E. , Ridley Dennis R.
Published: July 2002

Regional accreditation standards for library services reveal a clear shift away from resources per se towards actual student use to meet their information needs. They also recognize increasing reliance on electronic access to remote information sources. However, unobtrusive data of actual student borrowing/browsing behaviour suggest a wide discrepancy between meeting needs via the conventional on‐site library collection and the significant efforts to maintain and increase collections regardless of the behaviour. Proposes a shift in evaluation of library services to bring resource planning into closer harmony with accreditation standards, students’ library use patterns and information age realities.
Planning for collection development in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Ifidon Sam E.
Published: July 2002

Observes that many ideas concerning the year 2000 (for example, health, power, water, roads, etc.) in Nigeria are merely glib statements with no real positive back‐up. These include predictions about library provision. Presents a study in which data from ten Nigerian universities were examined and used in comparison with other African and with British universities. Looks at the corresponding availability of each one’s available services, and at how effective in these areas they are. Concludes that the Nigerian systems have a long way yet to go to reach desired levels.
Scottish/National Vocational Qualifications: views on the ground
Authors: Coker Gillian , Drury Jennifer , Goulding Anne , Kerslake Evelyn
Published: July 2002

Discusses the results of three studies investigating the reception of Scottish/ National Vocational Qualifications (S/NVQs) in the information and library sector. Examines the views of managers and workers towards the qualifications. Although managers generally feel that S/NVQs are a useful way of accrediting the skills of those without professional library qualifications, concerns remain about their bureaucratic and time‐consuming nature. Among library workers, a considerable lack of knowledge still exists although there is enthusiasm for a flexible and accessible qualification that can be acquired on the job. The evidence suggests that attitudes towards S/NVQs in the information and library sector remain equivocal and that a degree of confusion and lack of understanding prevails.
Challenges in developing professionals for the “information society”: and some responses by the British schools of librarianship and information studies
Authors: Johnson Ian M.
Published: July 2002

This paper identifies six major challenges facing the information profession as the “information society” emerges: assisting users to deal with information overload; the high level of technical skills required to manage the new information and communication technologies; the competition with other professions for the management positions in converged library, information, and computing services; the need to incorporate a broader range of knowledge and skills, drawn from those traditionally seen as separate sectors of the information industry such as publishing; the need to develop a higher level of skills in teaching and facilitating the use of information; and the need for a greater ability to work with other people. It points to some solutions which have been adopted by schools of librarianship in the UK, many of them involving collaboration with other disciplines to produce the required depth of knowledge. It also calls for changes in the schools’ approach to teaching, learning, and research, and in the practitioner community’s support for education in general and continuing professional development in particular. Finally, it points to the dangers of inertia.
The force of change: libraries as a social instrument: a concise case study of Iran
Authors: Naghshineh Nader
Published: July 2002

In spite of the rapid growth in both the scope and diversity of information available today, the development of information services has not been the same everywhere. A large factor in development, or under‐development, of information services in any given country is a function of society’s perception of the importance of such services in its decision‐making process. Iran has been treated as a case study. Regardless of its cultural diversity, Iran has still to get to grips with the question of freedom of information. The pace of social and technological development has caught many statesmen unprepared. Past studies had indicated that, in Iran, only those information services that had adopted a result‐oriented approach to management, and had vigorous user‐education programmes, are successful. The growth of Iranian information services took place following the end of the war, with the influx of research and combat engineers in both the private and government sectors.
Public relations of libraries in China
Authors: Chu Jingli
Published: July 2002

In China, library public relations (PR), in a real sense, began about ten years ago, but have since been accepted by more and more librarians. Many papers on PR have been published in the last decade, PR courses are offered in library schools and PR training is given by local library associations. PR activities are very active and effective. The National Public Library Service and Publicity Week is influential. PR has become an indispensable strategy in Chinese librarianship.
Henry Heaney: an appreciation
Authors: Smethurst Michael
Published: July 2002

The career of Henry Heaney is described from assistant librarian at Queen’s University Belfast to university librarian and keeper of the Hunterian Books and Manuscripts, University of Glasgow. His achievements as the first executive secretary of SCONUL are described as are those of his tenure at Glasgow University, with particular reference to buildings, automation and staffing. His role within Scottish university librarianship is examined, leading to an appreciation of his national and international activities. Special attention is paid to his work in various roles with the British Library. Finally, Henry Heaney’s character and characteristics are discussed.
Information relevance, equality and material security ‐ the Kenyan experience
Authors: Durrani Shiraz
Published: July 2002

The article examines reasons why libraries do not provide information relevant to the satisfaction of material needs. Issues examined in the context of global poverty include: what is relevant information? the relation between social poverty and information poverty; users and their information needs; the class struggle and its influence on information provision; content and language of information. It concludes that the question of relevance of information is related to the question of equality in the distribution of information between different classes. There cannot be information equality unless there is equality in ownership of economic resources and political power. The information struggle for equality and relevance is directly related to the struggle for economic and political equality. The challenge is to make all working people librarians, and to make all librarians workers. Only then will real power in the information field return where it belongs ‐ to the people. Only then will questions of relevance and equality be resolved.
The rudiments of bibliomania
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

This is a discursive essay about the exuberant cult of books as collectors’ items, largely by devoted eccentrics in times when the book was king, as an agency of literacy and civilization. It relates to both national and regional figures, significantly “men only”. It is consequently traditional and retrospective. Nevertheless, even in contemporary times of feminism and electronic information technology, the study of bibliomania may be instructive because the ultimate basis of printed books – their aesthetic appeal apart – is not so very different from that diverse continuum of factual and analytical data the basis of today’s rapidly evolving IT. A brief account of the perhaps excessive devotion to books as printed artefacts by a few of the more picturesque and off‐beat characters along the margins of the English past may prove of some relevance to today’s librarians.
Education and training for subject specialization in agricultural university libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Simmons Haanongon Womboh Benki
Published: July 2002

Traces the poor agricultural production situation in Nigeria which gave rise to food insecurity, forcing the Government to take various measures to contain the resultant food scarcity. One of these measures was the establishment of Universities of Agriculture (Uni‐Agrics) with the specific mission to transform agriculture through training, research and extension in order to boost food production. After giving a brief history of the education and training of librarians in Nigeria, the author submits that such training is not suitable for prospective subject agricultural librarians. This situation has resulted in the acute dearth of such librarians, giving rise to an unhealthy state of affairs, whereby nonspecialized librarians are currently employed. A blueprint for the education and training of subject agricultural librarians is therefore given.
From main entry to work authority record: development of a cataloguing fundamental
Authors: Brunt Rodney
Published: July 2002

Explores the confusion between main entry and main entry heading and attempts to finally lay the ghost to rest by shifting the emphasis onto the problem of work authority – the problem with which the theory of main entry is actually concerned. Concentrating on the second function of the catalogue as defined in the “Paris principles” of 1961, the paper examines various contributions on main entry including those delivered at the Toronto conference on AACR in 1997. Proposes the establishment of a global work authority file in which each individual work is primarily identified by a modified version of the uniform title, a departure which would restore the title (as opposed to the author) as principal identifier of the work.
Resource sharing among agricultural libraries in Malaysia
Authors: Majid Shaheen , Eisenschitz Tamara S. , Anwar Mumtaz Ali
Published: July 2002

Investigates resource sharing activities undertaken by agricultural libraries in Malaysia. It was found that resource sharing was basically limited to interlibrary lending and document delivery activities. On the average, each scientist from the participating research institutions made 1.25 document delivery and interlibrary loan requests per annum. Nearly 74 percent of these requests were met from local libraries. The participating libraries preferred to make their overseas document delivery requests to the BLDSC. Only a limited resource sharing activity was observed between the participating libraries and libraries in the ASEAN region. Heads of the participating libraries were in favour of a “loose” resource sharing scheme where it should be at their discretion to decide with whom to share their resources and at what level. The study offers several suggestions for improving resource sharing activities among agricultural libraries in Malaysia.
Democracy, information and the professional librarian in Sierra Leone
Authors: Abdul Kargbo John
Published: July 2002

Democracy assumes that people have access to facts and opinions from a wide range of sources. Democratic decision making, be it at a local or national level, depends on equality of access to information. Sierra Leone has only recently had her democracy restored and professional librarians with their skills can play a vital role in providing such access and thus aid the development of an informed society, if this hard‐won system of government is to be maintained.
Drinks for young children: the dental and nutritional benefits of milk
Authors: Wells Anita
Published: July 2002

Tooth decay is a serious problem in young children. In the UK nearly half of all five‐year‐olds have decayed, missing or filled teeth. Non‐milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) provide young children with about 19 per cent of their food energy, almost double the recommended amount. One of the main sources of NMES is non‐diet soft drinks such as fruit squashes and carbonated beverages. Dental experts recommend that sugary food and drinks should be limited to meal times and that non‐cariogenic drinks such as milk and water should be consumed between meals. However, milk does not just benefit young children’s teeth; unlike soft drinks, it also plays a pivotal role in ensuring that young children consume a nutritionally adequate diet. Children aged 3 and a half ‐4 and a half years obtain at least one‐fifth of their total intake of protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iodine from milk. The only nutrient that is supplied to a greater extent from other beverages is vitamin C.
Nutritional aspects of the development of cancer
Authors: Chan Wynnie
Published: July 2002

Outlines the main proven dietary links for various forms of cancer – breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, bladder, gastric, cervical and ovarian, endometrial, pancreatic, oesophageal, laryngeal, oral and pharyngeal, testicular and melanoma. Provides some practical dietary advice in line with the UK Government’s recommendations.
Foreign bodies cause most recalls
Authors: Gibson Ray
Published: July 2002

Foreign body contamination of food and drink products is the single biggest cause of product recalls in the UK. However, not every foreign body incident need result in a recall, and immediate scientific investigation of the nature and cause of the foreign body can help manufacturers determine the best approach to dealing with a specific incident and in preventing its recurrence.
MAFF programme of research in support of dietary surveys
Authors: Buss David H.
Published: July 2002

This article briefly outlines the main objectives of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) programme of research in support of dietary surveys. It summarises the current portfolio of projects, then discusses in more depth the six projects being undertaken on further analysis of data from government dietary surveys, drawing on papers presented by the researchers at the annual meeting of this programme in London on 2 June 1998.
A study into the antibiotic effect of garlic Allium sativum on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus
Authors: Maidment D.C.J. , Dembny Z. , Harding C.
Published: July 2002

A quantitative method involving colony counting was undertaken to assess the antibiotic effects of garlic Allium sativum on possible food‐borne bacteria. The investigation using garlic was targeted at higher education students planning an Independent Study or Dissertation into the antibacterial properties of food plants. The effect of concentrations of garlic varying from 0 per cent to 20 per cent in chicken stock, which had been inoculated with either E.coli B and S. albus, was investigated over three days. Bacterial numbers were reduced with increased garlic concentration and with the duration of incubation. Heating the garlic for 30 min at 100 C destroyed its anti‐bacterial activity.
Diet, bacteria and colonic cancer
Authors: Taylor Sarah A. , Steer Toni E. , Gibson Glenn R.
Published: July 2002

The links between diet, bacteria and colonic cancer are examined in this article. Studies suggest that high intakes of fat and protein are associated with elevated risk of colonic cancer whereas cereals, fruits and vegetables seem to be protective. A further aspect considered in relation to this type of cancer is metabolism by gut bacteria. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are presented as ways of stimulating the activities, certain gut flora and the use of “functional foods” is also discussed.
Organisations providing diet sheets for people with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Blades Mabel
Published: July 2002

This article focuses on the dietary requirements of people with Diabetes Mellitus, both insulin dependent and non‐insulin dependent. It is one disorder where good dietary management can benefit control, well being and avoid complications. The guidelines for dietary intake for those with Diabetes Mellitus both past and present are given. The recommended intake of carbohydrate, fruit and vegetables, sugar, protein, fat, salt and alcohol are also discussed. The study itself focuses on the organisations involved in producing diet sheets for people with Diabetes Mellitus. The article also gives information on how to obtain such publications.
DRA contribution to research beyond the field of research
Authors: Matharuh Channan , Rudd L.
Published: July 2002

Details the friction and wear testing facilities offered to civilian customers by the DRA and lists recent projects. Cylinder and ball on plate fuel lubricity and fire resistant hydraulic fluid tests are described with line drawings and the results obtained tabulated.
Pump protection and repair
Authors: Wilson Bill
Published: July 2002

Outlines the use of rubber, ceramic, metallic and plastic coatings to protect pump components from corrosion and abrasive wear. Describes in detail the products of two specialist companies in this field and gives examples of their uses.
White oils and the food industry
Authors: Margaroni David
Published: July 2002

Manufacturing methods of white mineral oils are described, together with a summary of their major use areas. Recent toxicological studies using white mineral oils of various categories are covered. A summary of the current acceptable daily intake levels for such substances is included.
Extended drain intervals for crankcase lubricants
Authors: Margaroni David
Published: July 2002

The various approaches to achieving extended drain intervals in vehicle crankcase lubricants are described, with particular emphasis on commercial diesel engines. The various lubricant contaminants include soot, water, acids and particulate metals. Lubricant life may be prolonged by suitable design of the lubricant and of the engine, but more particularly by reducing the levels of contaminant in the lubricant such that the performance of the lubricant may be maintained. At the same time, wear rates within the engine must be within acceptable levels. The various options for reducing the levels of contaminant include lubricant by‐pass filtration systems, including barrier filters, refiners and centrifugal filters.