bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing Passive Microwave-Based Hail Retrievals Using GPM DPR Ku-Band Radar
Authors: Bang Sarah D. , Cecil Daniel J.
Published: December 2020

Several studies in the literature have developed approaches to diagnose hail storms from satellite-borne passive microwave imagery and build nearly global climatologies of hail. This paper uses spaceborne Ku-band radar measurements from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) to validate several passive microwave approaches. We assess the retrievals on the basis of how tightly they constrain the radar reflectivity at −20°C and how this measured radar reflectivity aloft varies geographically. The algorithm that combines minimum 19-GHz polarization corrected temperature (PCT) with a 37-GHz PCT depression normalized by tropopause height constrains the radar reflectivity most tightly and gives the least appearance of regional biases. A retrieval that is based on a 19-GHz PCT threshold of 261K also produces tightly clustered profiles of radar reflectivity, with little regional bias. An approach using regionally adjusted minimum 37-GHz PCT performs relatively well, but our results indicate it may overestimate hail in some subtropical and midlatitude regions. A threshold applied to the minimum 37-GHz PCT (≤230 K), without any scaling by region or probability of hail, overestimates hail in the tropics and underestimates beyond the tropics. For all retrieval approaches, storms identified as having hail tended to have radar reflectivity profiles that are consistent with general expectations for hailstorms (reflectivity > 50 dBZ below the 0°C level, and > 40 dBZ extending far above 0°C). Profiles from oceanic regions tended to have more rapidly decreasing reflectivity with height than profiles from other regions. Subtropical, high-latitude, and high-terrain land profiles had the slowest decreases of reflectivity with height.
Kenyan Long Rains: A Subseasonal Approach to Process-Based Diagnostics
Authors: Dyer Ellen , Washington Richard
Published: December 2020

The interannual variability, trends, and the mean climatology of East African long rains are difficult for models to simulate. This is in part because long rains do not respond in a simple way to large-scale modes of variability such as ENSO and because of interactions with complex topography. Here we focus on the Kenyan regional climate in the ERA-Interim dataset during the long rains to create a set of atmospheric diagnostics that can be applied to the evaluation of climate models. Subseasonal observed rainfall and reanalysis reveal that very wet seasons and very dry seasons develop differently at the beginning of the season. Subseasonal aggregation periods (days 60–80, 80–100, 90–120, 120–150) highlight local (e.g., midtropospheric ascent, moisture flux convergence in the lower to midtroposphere, and midtropospheric moisture) and large-scale (e.g., midtropospheric zonal winds over central Africa, upper-tropospheric velocity potential) diagnostics that are useful to evaluate model atmospheric circulation affecting Kenyan rainfall in mean and wet or dry extremes.
An Automated Python Algorithm to Quantify ZDR Arc and KDP–ZDR Separation Signatures in Supercells
Authors: Wilson Matthew B. , Van Den Broeke Matthew S.
Published: December 2020

Supercell thunderstorms often have pronounced signatures of hydrometeor size sorting within their forward-flank regions, including an arc-shaped region of high differential reflectivity (ZDR) along the inflow edge of the forward flank known as the ZDR arc and a clear horizontal separation between this area of high ZDR values and an area of enhanced KDP values deeper into the storm core. Recent work has indicated that ZDR arc and KDP–ZDR separation signatures in supercell storms may be related to environmental storm-relative helicity and low-level shear. Thus, characteristics of these signatures may be helpful to indicate whether a given storm is likely to produce a tornado. Although ZDR arc and KDP–ZDR separation signatures are typically easy to qualitatively identify in dual-polarization radar fields, quantifying their characteristics can be time-consuming and makes research into these signatures and their potential operational applications challenging. To address this problem, this paper introduces an automated Python algorithm to objectively identify and track these signatures in Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data and quantify their characteristics. This paper will discuss the development of the algorithm, demonstrate its performance through comparisons with manually generated time series of ZDR arc and KDP–ZDR separation signature characteristics, and briefly explore potential uses of this algorithm in research and operations.
“Here I Don’t Feel Like a Stranger”: Adolescents’ Perspectives on School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Moriarty Daley Alison , Polifroni E. Carol , Sadler Lois S.
Published: December 2020

This study explored adolescent perspectives on school-based health center (SBHC) services and how services differed from school nurses and community agencies. Six focus groups were conducted with adolescents, 13–19 years old, as part of a larger mixed-methods study. Data were analyzed for themes using content analysis. Adolescents ( N = 30) described the accessibility, positive attitude of staff, competence of the nurse practitioner, confidentiality/privacy, and trusted relationships with staff as important aspects of SBHC care. SBHC services allowed adolescents to stay in school, provided confidentiality/privacy, were comfortable and convenient, fostered their independence, and adolescents felt SBHC staff knew them and they did not feel like strangers. SBHCs are adolescent-friendly resources that maximize school time and an important source for contraception, sexually transmitted infection testing, and mental health care. Additionally, SBHC services help support adolescents’ transition from pediatric to adolescent-focused care and foster their growing self-awareness and empowerment related to their engagement in health care services.
Inferring time-dependent population growth rates in cell cultures undergoing adaptation
Authors: Lindström H. Jonathan G. , Friedman Ran
Published: December 2020

Background

The population growth rate is an important characteristic of any cell culture. During sustained experiments, the growth rate may vary due to competition or adaptation. For instance, in presence of a toxin or a drug, an increasing growth rate indicates that the cells adapt and become resistant. Consequently, time-dependent growth rates are fundamental to follow on the adaptation of cells to a changing evolutionary landscape. However, as there are no tools to calculate the time-dependent growth rate directly by cell counting, it is common to use only end point measurements of growth rather than tracking the growth rate continuously.

Results

We present a computer program for inferring the growth rate over time in suspension cells using nothing but cell counts, which can be measured non-destructively. The program was tested on simulated and experimental data. Changes were observed in the initial and absolute growth rates, betraying resistance and adaptation.

Conclusions

For experiments where adaptation is expected to occur over a longer time, our method provides a means of tracking growth rates using data that is normally collected anyhow for monitoring purposes. The program and its documentation are freely available at https://github.com/Sandalmoth/ratrack under the permissive zlib license.
Improving CLIP-seq data analysis by incorporating transcript information
Authors: Uhl Michael , Tran Van Dinh , Backofen Rolf
Published: December 2020

Background

Current peak callers for identifying RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding sites from CLIP-seq data take into account genomic read profiles, but they ignore the underlying transcript information, that is information regarding splicing events. So far, there are no studies available that closer observe this issue.

Results

Here we show that current peak callers are susceptible to false peak calling near exon borders. We quantify its extent in publicly available datasets, which turns out to be substantial. By providing a tool called CLIPcontext for automatic transcript and genomic context sequence extraction, we further demonstrate that context choice affects the performances of RBP binding site prediction tools. Moreover, we show that known motifs of exon-binding RBPs are often enriched in transcript context sites, which should enable the recovery of more authentic binding sites. Finally, we discuss possible strategies on how to integrate transcript information into future workflows.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating transcript information in CLIP-seq data analysis. Taking advantage of the underlying transcript information should therefore become an integral part of future peak calling and downstream analysis tools.
Can the validity of a cohort be improved by reweighting based on register data? Evidence from the Swedish MDC study
Authors: Nilsson Anton , Bonander Carl , Strömberg Ulf , Björk Jonas
Published: December 2020

Background

In any study with voluntary participation, self-selection risks leading to invalid conclusions. If the determinants of selection are observed, it is however possible to restore the parameters of interest by reweighting the sample to match the population, but this approach has seldom been applied in epidemiological research.

Methods

We reweighted the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study based on population register data on background variables, including socio-demographics and hospital admissions for both participants and the background population. Following individuals from baseline in 1991–1996 and at most until 2016, we studied mortality (all-cause, cancer, and CVD), incidences (cancer and CVD), and associations between these outcomes and background variables. Results from the unweighted and reweighted participant sample were compared with those from the background population.

Results

Mortality was substantially lower in participants than in the background population, but reweighting the sample helped only little to make the numbers similar to those in the background population. For incidences and associations, numbers were generally similar between participants and the background population already without reweighting, rendering reweighting unnecessary.

Conclusion

Reweighting samples based on an extensive range of sociodemographic characteristics and previous hospitalizations does not necessarily yield results that are valid for the population as a whole. In the case of MDC, there appear to be important factors related to both mortality and selection into the study that are not observable in registry data, making it difficult to obtain accurate numbers on population mortality based on cohort participants. These issues seem less relevant for incidences and associations, however. Overall, our results suggest that representativeness must be judged on a case-by-case basis.
Perception survey of crisis and emergency risk communication in an acute hospital in the management of COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
Authors: Ow Yong Lai Meng , Xin Xiaohui , Wee Jennifer Mei Ling , Poopalalingam Ruban , Kwek Kenneth Yung Chiang , Thumboo Julian
Published: December 2020

Background

Emergency risk communication is a critical component in emergency planning and response. It has been recognised as significant for planning for and responding to public health emergencies. While there is a growing body of guidelines and frameworks on emergency risk communication, it remains a relatively new field. There has also been limited attention on how emergency risk communication is being performed in public health organisations, such as acute hospitals, and what the associated challenges are. This article seeks to examine the perception of crisis and emergency risk communication in an acute hospital in response to COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore and to identify its associated enablers and barriers.

Methods

A 13-item Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) Survey, based on the US Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) CERC framework, was developed and administered to hospital staff during February 24–28, 2020. The survey also included an open-ended question to solicit feedback on areas of CERC in need of improvement. Chi-square test was used for analysis of survey data. Thematic analysis was performed on qualitative feedback.

Results

Of the 1154 participants who responded to the survey, most (94.1%) reported that regular hospital updates on COVID-19 were understandable and actionable. Many (92.5%) stated that accurate, concise and timely information helped to keep them safe. A majority (92.3%) of them were clear about the hospital’s response to the COVID-19 situation, and 79.4% of the respondents reported that the hospital had been able to understand their challenges and address their concerns. Sociodemographic characteristics, such as occupation, age, marital status, work experience, gender, and staff’s primary work location influenced the responses to hospital CERC. Local leaders within the hospital would need support to better communicate and translate hospital updates in response to COVID-19 to actionable plans for their staff. Better communication in executing resource utilization plans, expressing more empathy and care for their staff, and enhancing communication channels, such as through the use of secure text messaging rather than emails would be important.

Conclusion

CERC is relevant and important in the hospital setting to managing COVID-19 and should be considered concurrently with hospital emergency response domains.
Spider venom components decrease glioblastoma cell migration and invasion through RhoA-ROCK and Na+/K+-ATPase β2: potential molecular entities to treat invasive brain cancer
Authors: Barreto Natália , Caballero Marcus , Bonfanti Amanda Pires , de Mato Felipe Cezar Pinheiro , Munhoz Jaqueline , da Rocha‐e‐Silva Thomaz A. A. , Sutti Rafael , Vitorino-Araujo João Luiz , Verinaud Liana , Rapôso Catarina
Published: December 2020

Background

Glioblastoma (GB) cells have the ability to migrate and infiltrate the normal parenchyma, leading to the formation of recurrent tumors often adjacent to the surgical extraction site. We recently showed thatPhoneutria nigriventerspider venom (PnV) has anticancer effects mainly on the migration of human GB cell lines (NG97 and U-251). The present work aimed to investigate the effects of isolated components from the venom on migration, invasiveness, morphology and adhesion of GB cells, also evaluating RhoA-ROCK signaling and Na+/K+-ATPase β2 (AMOG) involvement.

Methods

Human (NG97) GB cells were treated with twelve subfractions (SFs—obtained by HPLC from PnV). Migration and invasion were evaluated by scratch wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton were shown by GFAP and phalloidin labeling. The assay with fibronectin coated well plate was made to evaluate cell adhesion. Western blotting demonstrated ROCK and AMOG levels and a ROCK inhibitor was used to verify the involvement of this pathway. Values were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism software package and the level of significance was determinate using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.

Results

Two (SF1 and SF11) of twelve SFs, decreased migration and invasion compared to untreated control cells. Both SFs also altered actin cytoskeleton, changed cell morphology and reduced adhesion. SF1 and SF11 increased ROCK expression and the inhibition of this protein abolished the effects of both subfractions on migration, morphology and adhesion (but not on invasion). SF11 also increased Na+/K+-ATPase β2.

Conclusion

All components of the venom were evaluated and two SFs were able to impair human glioblastoma cells. The RhoA effector, ROCK, was shown to be involved in the mechanisms of both PnV components. It is possible that AMOG mediates the effect of SF11 on the invasion. Further investigations to isolate and biochemically characterize the molecules are underway.
Association of parity with birthweight and neonatal death in five sites: The Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry study
Authors: Garces Ana , Perez Wilton , Harrison Margo S. , Hwang Kay S. , Nolen Tracy L. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Patel Archana B. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Saleem Sarah , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Derman Richard J. , Patterson Jacquelyn , Koso-Thomas Marion , McClure Elizabeth M. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael
Published: December 2020

Background

Nulliparity has been associated with lower birth weight (BW) and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, with most of the data coming from high-income countries. In this study, we examined birth weight for gestational age z-scores and neonatal (28-day) mortality in a large prospective cohort of women dated by first trimester ultrasound from multiple sites in low and middle-income countries.

Methods

Pregnant women were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy and followed through 6 weeks postpartum from Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Guatemala, Belagavi and Nagpur, India, and Pakistan from 2017 and 2018. Data related to the pregnancy and its outcomes were collected prospectively. First trimester ultrasound was used for determination of gestational age; (BW) was obtained in grams within 48 h of delivery and later transformed to weight for age z-scores (WAZ) adjusted for gestational age using the INTERGROWTH-21st standards.

Results

15,121 women were eligible and included. Infants of nulliparous women had lower mean BWs (males: 2676 gr, females: 2587 gr, total: 2634 gr) and gestational age adjusted weight for age z-scores (males: − 0.73, females: − 0.77, total: − 0.75,) than women with one or more previous pregnancies. The largest differences were between zero and one previous pregnancies among female infants. The associations of parity with BW and z-scores remained even after adjustment for maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, antenatal care visits, hypertensive disorders, and socioeconomic status. Nulliparous women also had a significantly higher < 28-day neonatal mortality rate (27.7 per 1,000 live births) than parous women (17.2 and 20.7 for parity of 1–3 and ≥ 4 respectively). Risk of preterm birth was higher among women with ≥ 4 previous pregnancies (15.5%) compared to 11.3% for the nulliparous group and 11.8% for women with one to three previous pregnancies (p = 0.0072).

Conclusions

In this large sample from diverse settings, nulliparity was independently associated with both lower BW and WAZ scores as well as higher neonatal mortality compared to multiparity.
Oviposition of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated native species in relation to season, temperature and land use in western Germany
Authors: Früh Linus , Kampen Helge , Koban Marcel B. , Pernat Nadja , Schaub Günter A. , Werner Doreen
Published: December 2020

Background

Aedes japonicus japonicus, first detected in Europe in 2000 and considered established in Germany 10 years later, is of medical importance due to its opportunistic biting behaviour and its potential to transmit pathogenic viruses. Its seasonal phenology, temperature and land use preference related to oviposition in newly colonised regions remain unclear, especially in the context of co-occurring native mosquito species.

Methods

Focussing on regions in Germany known to be infested by Ae. japonicus japonicus, we installed ovitraps in different landscapes and their transition zones and recorded the oviposition activity of mosquitoes in relation to season, temperature and land use (arable land, forest, settlement) in two field seasons (May–August 2017, April–November 2018).

Results

Ae. japonicus japonicus eggs and larvae were encountered in 2017 from June to August and in 2018 from May to November, with a markedly high abundance from June to September in rural transition zones between forest and settlement, limited to water temperatures below 30 °C. Of the three native mosquito taxa using the ovitraps, the most frequent was Culex pipiens s.l., whose offspring was found in high numbers from June to August at water temperatures of up to 35 °C. The third recorded species, Anopheles plumbeus, rarely occurred in ovitraps positioned in settlements and on arable land, but was often associated with Ae. japonicus japonicus. The least frequent species, Aedes geniculatus, was mostly found in ovitraps located in the forest.

Conclusions

The transition zone between forest and settlement was demonstrated to be the preferred oviposition habitat of Ae. japonicus japonicus, where it was also the most frequent container-inhabiting mosquito species in this study. Compared to native taxa, Ae. japonicus japonicus showed an extended seasonal activity period, presumably due to tolerance of colder water temperatures. Higher water temperatures and arable land represent distribution barriers to this species. The frequently co-occurring native species An. plumbeus might be useful as an indicator for potentially suitable oviposition habitats of Ae. japonicus japonicus in hitherto uncolonised regions. The results contribute to a better understanding of mosquito ecology and provide a basis for more targeted monitoring, distribution modelling and risk management of mosquitoes.

Graphical Abstract
A qualitative content analysis of "problem students": how can we identify and manage them?
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khajeali Nasrin , Kalantarion Masomeh , Amini Mitra
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Problem students is one of the important issues in medical education. This study aimed to identify the problem students and the ways for managing these students from the educational experts view. Purposive sampling was used, and data collection continued until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was performed by the content analysis method based on the Heidegger approach. We interviewed 12 educational experts who had a history of dealing with "problem students”.

Results

After data analysis, five main themes and 28 categories, and 164 codes were extracted. The reasons for changing a student to a problem students was: student self-regulation skills, multilayer interactions, curriculum failure, identification policy and supportive solutions. The results indicated that despite revision in the curriculum, there were shortcomings in identification and management of problem students. According to participants, existence of a comprehensive system and a capable counseling center can identify the problem student sooner. On the other hand by improving self-regulation skills, active teaching methods and frequent formative evaluation and the use of supportive strategies, problem student can be encouraged to complete their education successfully. This study emphasized faculty development, reviewing the faculty member recruitment, strengthening counseling centers, improving the exams.
Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients
Authors: Ad’hiah Ali H. , Abdullah Maha H. , Alsudani Mustafa Y. , Shnawa Rasool M. S. , Al-Sa’ady Ali J. R. , Allami Risala H. , Misha’al Khawla I. , Jassim Iftikhar A. , Taqi Estabraq A.
Published: December 2020

Background

A case-control study was performed to examine age, gender, and ABO blood groups in 1014 Iraqi hospitalized cases with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 901 blood donors (control group). The infection was molecularly diagnosed by detecting coronavirus RNA in nasal swabs of patients.

Results

Mean age was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (48.2 ± 13.8vs. 29.9 ± 9.0 year; probability [p] < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of age in COVID-19 evolution (Area under curve = 0.858; 95% CI: 0.841 – 0.875;p< 0.001). Males outnumbered females in cases (60.4vs. 39.6%) and controls (56vs. 44%). Stratification by age group (< 30, 30 – 39, 40 – 49 and ≥ 50 years) revealed that 48.3% of cases clustered in the age group ≥ 50 years. ABO blood group analysis showed that group A was the most common among cases, while group O was the most common among controls (35.5 and 36.7%, respectively). Blood groups A (35.5vs. 32.7; correctedp[pc] = 0.021), A+AB (46.3vs. 41.7%;pc= 0.021) and A+B+AB (68.0vs. 63.3%;pc= 0.007) showed significantly elevated frequencies in cases compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 - 2.02), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14 - 1.93) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.82) for blood groups A, A+AB and A+B+AB, respectively. Blood group frequencies showed no significant differences between age groups of cases or controls. Regarding gender, male cases were marked with increased frequency of group A (39.9vs. 28.9%) and decreased frequency of group O (25.9vs. 41.0%) compared to female cases. Independent re-analysis of ABO blood groups in male and female cases demonstrated that group A was increased in male cases compared to male controls (39.9vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.21;pc= 0.006). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between females of cases and controls.

Conclusions

The study results indicated that blood group A may be associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19, particularly in males.
Botulinum toxin abdominal wall injection and post-omphalocele ventral hernia repair: database and proposal of a protocol
Authors: de Jesus Lisieux Eyer , Leve Thais Cardoso , Fulgencio Celine , Dekermacher Samuel
Published: December 2020

Background

Post-omphalocele ventral hernias (POVH) are common after giant omphaloceles. Abdominal wall botulinum toxin injections (BTI) are useful to treat complex incisional hernias (CIH) in adults, which may also apply to POVH. We review BTI data in the treatment of CIH and POVH and propose an algorithm applicable to POVH.

Results

Sixteen papers which described the treatment of CIH on the treatment of POVH in adults (n = 15) and children (n = 1) were reviewed. BTI elongates the lateral abdominal wall and reduces the hernia defect, with a lower incidence of compartment syndrome and respiratory complications. Doses and injection volumes vary. Effects start after 3 days, peak after 10–15 days, stabilize for 2–3 months, and decline after 4–6 months, disappearing after 6–9 months. Patients should be operated on 3–4 weeks after injection. Post-operative complications are uncommon. BTI may be associated with pre-operative pneumoperitoneum (PPP). Children presenting POVH differ from adults presenting CIH. Associated congenital cardiac malformations, genetically determined syndromes, pulmonary hypoplasia, abdominal wall hypoplasia, and thoracic dysmorphism, are common; children need sedation for any procedures; non-absorbable reinforcing meshes are not indicated; and POVH limits are frequently near to the costal margin.

Conclusion

BTI to induce preoperative muscular relaxation in preparation of CIH repair in adults is effective and safe. Experience with the method in children with POVH is limited, but the proposal is logical and probably safe. POVH differs from CIH in some aspects, especially abdominal wall hypoplasia, proximity to the rib cage, and diaphragmatic biomechanics.
Enhanced CO2 Adsorption by Insertion Reaction in the Nanospace of a Porphyrin-based MOF
Authors: Morita Masashi , Kusaka Shinpei , Yonezu Akira , Ohara Yuki , Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Matsuda Ryotaro
Published: December 2020

Here we report enhanced CO2 molecular recognition ability by incorporating insertion reaction into a metal porphyrin complex in a metal-organic framework (MOF). PCN-222(Cu)-INA was synthesized by the reaction of PCN-222(Cu) [Zr6O8(H2O)8(Cu-TCPP)2], where Cu-TCPP = Cu(II) tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, and isonicotinic acid (INA). PCN-222(Cu)-INA exhibited a 1.5 times larger CO2 adsorption amount than PCN-222(Cu) at 298 K and 1 bar. The mechanism involving insertion reaction of CO2 into Cu–N bonds enhanced the adsorption, which was revealed by in situ IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
Inertial sensor and Timed Up and Go test in elderly women with bone demineralization: a reliability and agreement study
Authors: Silva Laíla Pereira Gomes da , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues de , Costa André dos Santos , Pedrosa Barbara Cristina de Sousa , SIlva Karla Kristine Dames da , Santos Tony Meirelles dos
Published: December 2020

O estudo visa avaliar: 1) confiabilidade teste-reteste e medidas de erro das variáveis quantitativas do teste Timed Up and Go (TUG)  coletadas com o sensor inercial wireless Wiva® Science (TUGsi) e, 2) a concordância do TUGsi e o método cronometrado (TUGc) e entre os dois métodos aplicados em idosas com osteoporose e osteopenia. Foram recrutadas 18 idosas com desmineralização óssea. O tempo (s) de duas execuções do TUG (T1 e T2) foi mensurado com cronômetro manual por um avaliador e com o sensor inercial acoplado ao corpo em nível da vértebra L5 com coleta remota. T1 e T2 foram executadas com intervalo de 1 min. As subtarefas do TUG também foram captadas pelo sensor inercial. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e erro das variáveis foram avaliados pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), erro padrão de medida (EPM) e mínima mudança detectável (MMD). A concordância entre as médias do tempo total do TUGc e TUCsi e entre T1 e T2 mensuradas com o sensor e cronômetro foram avaliadas pelo método Bland-Altman. A consistência interna das subtarefas do TUGsi variaram entre substancial a quase completa. O EPM e a MMD para o TUGsi foram de 1,27s e 2,48s, respectivamente. A concordância entre medidas do sensor e cronômetro apresentaram baixo erro sistemático. O sensor inercial foi confiável na verificação do desempenho do TUG e pode ser um complemento para avaliação de risco de quedas e mobilidade funcional de idosas com desmineralização óssea. Porém, não representa melhoria na investigação exclusiva do tempo total do teste.
Health Academy Program: importance for users and funding difficulties
Authors: Ivo Ana Mônica Serakides , Viana Vinicius Coimbra , Freitas Maria Imaculada de Fátima
Published: December 2020

The Health Academy Program (PAS) is a public health promotion policy in primary care (PC) that has physical activity (PA) as one of its main axes. The Previne Brasil Program (PPB) established a new funding program for PC in 2019. The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of PA and PAS according to its users and to discuss the consequences of PPB in the structuring and functioning of the program. This is a qualitative approach study, supported by the theory of social representations. 33 in-depth interviews were performed on users from the Belo Horizonte PAS, interpreted by the Structural Narration Analysis. It was revealed that there are profound representations on PA as remedy for physical and psychosocial diseases and others, such as a contribution for the improvement of quality of life. Users see PAS as a necessary and inclusive health promotion policy, as it offers free access to quality PA, defined as one of the main aspects for joining it. The funding provided from the PPB does not include specific funding for team maintenance for the Extended Nucleus of Family Health in Primary Care, removing responsibility from the municipal managers to gather multiprofessional teams. The absence of these teams, which include physical education professionals who are responsible for 90% of the actions of the PAS, can compromise the outcomes recognized by the users of the program, especially those related to the reduction of inequalities of access and also the various actions to promote health within the PC.
A tragédia nossa de cada dia: Andy Warhol, Picasso e a notícia miúda
Authors: Otoch Janaína Nagata
Published: December 2020

O artigo discute a recorrência dos faits divers – isto é, a “notícia geral”, o acontecimento miúdo, trágico, lúrido, violento e sensacionalista do cotidiano de anônimos – na obra de dois artistas relativamente distantes em tempo-espaço, Andy Warhol e Pablo Picasso, partindo da análise de uma pintura da série Death and Disasters e algumas das colagens cubistas.
Desofuscar o desaparecimento: as fotografias de s21 e de desaparecidos na esma e a arte da memória
Authors: Montero Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Diferentes produções têm se apropriado das fotografias das vítimas do Khmer Vermelho de S21, e de desaparecidos pela última ditadura argentina feitas na ESMA. Este artigo propõe analisar a apropriação dessas imagens enquanto fotografias dos perpetradores realizadas a partir dos princípios e dos objetivos de uma doutrina do desaparecimento
O ESTADO CURATORIAL, DISPOSITIVOS, FORMAÇÃO HUMANA E SUBJETIVAÇÕES OUTRAS
Authors: De Oliveira Anderson Luiz da Silva
Published: December 2020

O presente texto visa refletir sobre estado curatorial em consonância aos modos de subjetivação implicados na atual formação e relações práticas do curador de artes. Opta-se pela investigação dos modos de pensamento e prática curatorial que visam romper com estruturas de alienação do produto artístico em contexto neoliberal.
E-conversa
Authors: Sá Alexandre , Queiroz Tania , Da Costa Carlos Eduardo Felix , Cavalcante Daniele , Racy João Paulo , Notari Juliana
Published: December 2020

Conversa realizada por e-mail, iniciada em 01/04/2020 e concluída em 24/07/2020
Parangolaamb
Authors: Monteiro Edu
Published: December 2020

Este artigo deambula em rotas afro-atlânticas, propõe o diálogo entre os mantos utilizados pelos lutadores de laamb, também conhecida como luta senegalesa e os Parangolés do artista Hélio Oiticica. A descoberta do universo ritualístico do samba fez de Hélio passista da Mangueira e o inspirou na trans- mutação do corpo expressivo. Lutadores de Laamb através de seus mantos e objetos mágicos carregados no corpo também operam transformações alegóricas. O que está em jogo em ambos os gestos é a luta simbólica, é a capacidade destes artistas em fazer refletir a arte através do corpo. Palavras-chave: Laamb; Parangolé; Hélio Oiticica; samba; body
Determinantes sociais da saúde que impactam a vivência da imigração no Brasil
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros de , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schulter Buss , Campagnoni Juliana Praxedes , Zanettini Angélica , Schleicher Maira Lídia , Walker Fernanda
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos imigrantes haitianos sobre os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde que impactam a vivência da imigração. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa ação participante, fundamentada no Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que constitui três fases: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Descodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Realizou-se Círculo de Cultura, no segundo semestre de 2019, com a participação de 12 imigrantes haitianos, estudantes universitários, residentes no oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: nos diálogos emergiram duas temáticas para discussão como determinação social da saúde e doença: saúde do imigrante no Brasil; desafios de estudar e trabalhar.  Conclusão: A iniquidade de acesso aos direitos, escasso tempo para dormir e praticar exercícios físicos, saudade do Haiti, dificuldade financeira, adaptação à cultura brasileira e discriminação foram apontados como fatores determinantes que afetam a saúde. Urge a necessidade da construção de políticas públicas que garantam os direitos dos imigrantes no Brasil.
Percepção do autocuidado por homens com derivações urinárias permanentes: desafios para a prática de enfermagem
Authors: Moraes Paula Costa de , Martins Elizabeth Rose Costa , Spíndola Thelma , Costa Cristiane Maria Amorim , Almeida Julia Sousa Martins de , Rocha Fabiana Cristina Silva da
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de homens com derivações urinárias permanentes sobre o autocuidado. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, apoiado na teoria de Dorothea Orem. Realizado em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro, em 2018, com 19 homens que apresentavam derivação urinária permanente, presentes no ambulatório e enfermaria de urologia. Para coleta dos dados, aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada, transcrita e submetida à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a análise dos dados denota ausência de conhecimento dos homens sobre a prática do autocuidado, influenciada pelas limitações da comunicação dos profissionais de saúde com esses pacientes. Conclusão: os achados revelam as vulnerabilidades em saúde e as consequências das atitudes na vida desses participantes. Destaca-se a necessidade da mudança de paradigmas, de um olhar atentivo e agir diferenciado para o enfrentamento dos desafios. A educação em saúde da população masculina é uma estratégia eficaz para estímulo do autocuidado e ações de preservação da saúde.
Nutrient Yield of Brown Hemp and Its Utilization as Protein Source in Concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native Cattle Performances
Authors:   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University, Sa Kaeo 27160, Thailand, Srisaikham Supreena , Lounglawan Pipat ,   School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Published: December 2020

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting ages and height on the nutrient composition and yield of brown hemp (BH) in concentrate diets on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. The first experiment was to determine the effects of cutting ages (30, 40 and 50 days) and height (30, 40 and 50 cm) on the nutrient composition and yield of BH. The experiment was a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. This study clearly showed that cutting ages at 50 days had a greater effect on the nutrient composition and yield than at 30 and 40 days, but the cutting heights did not reveal any significant differences in yield. However, the BH cutting for animal feed before plowing, besides improving the soil for green manure, also benefited feed resources. The second experiment was to study the effects of BH meal (BHM) in concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. Twelve cattle, averaging 252 ± 18 kg body weight and at ages of 16-18 months were stratified randomly and assigned to one of the three feeding treatments. Cattle were fed BHM in different ratios: the treatments were 0, 10, and 20% of BHM, respectively. There were no significant differences in the dry matter intake among the treatments of 0, 10 and 20% of BHM in concentrate rations. For average daily gain, the minimum response observed was a significant difference at the highest level of 20% of BHM. Therefore, 10% of BHM can be used in the concentrate rations for beef cattle.
The Effect of Some Essential Oils Against Subclinical Mastitis Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Goats
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, Aiemsaard Jareerat , Jarassaeng Chaiwat ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, Thongkham Eakachai ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Published: December 2020

The bacteria causing mastitis in goats reduce the quality of milk products resulting in economic losses and the use of antiseptic agents leave residues in the milk. Therefore, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of lemongrass, kaffir lime and holy basil essential oils against subclinical mastitis bacterial isolates from dairy goats. A total of 47 bacteria were isolated, consisting of 40 staphylococci (34 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), 5 S. aureus and 1 S. epidermidis), 4 α-Streptococcus spp., 2 Bacillus spp. and 1 Alcaligenes faecalis. The main components of essential oil of lemongrass were geranial, neral, myrcene and geraniol (45.32-4.12%), kaffir lime consisted of β-pinene, DLlimonene, terpinene-4-ol and α-terpineol (25.58-12.24%) and holy basil consisted of methyl eugenol, caryophyllene and eugenol (52.43-8.68%). Lemongrass essential oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against CNS and S. aureus with average inhibition zone diameters of 25.00±1.75 and 31±6.61 mm, respectively, and minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of tested samples (MIC90) and minimum bactericidal concentration for 90% of tested samples (MBC90) values at least eight fold less than kaffir lime and holy basil essential oils. The time-kill assay demonstrated that lemongrass essential oil at 5-10 times MIC90 reduced the survival of S. aureus by 99.9 and 99.99% respectively within 30 min, a greater reduction than seen for 0.54% w/v iodine solution. The results of this study show that lemongrass essential oil has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent or teat dip formula for control of subclinical mastitis in goats.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Bergenin against Xenobiotics-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells
Authors:   Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB),  Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, Sriset Yollada , Chatuphonprasert Waranya ,   Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand, Jarukamjorn Kanokwan ,   Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB),  Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Published: December 2020

Bergenin, a natural derivative of gallic acid, has been shown to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to determine hepatoprotective activity of bergenin against ethanol and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. HepG2 cells (5x105 cells/well) were co-treated with ethanol (100 mM) or TBHP (100 µM) and either bergenin (75, 150, and 300 µM) or gallic acid (60 µM, positive control) for 24 h. Cell viability, hematoxylin and eosin staining of cell morphology, cellular injury biomarkers: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant biomarkers: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total glutathione (GSH) content, were determined. Ethanol and TBHP decreased cell viability (86.67% and 84.49% of control, respectively), increased LDH toxicity (12.53% and 15.91% of control, respectively), and increased AST, ALT, and MDA levels, compared with the control. Based on cell morphology, both ethanol and TBHP injured HepG2 cells causing the loss of cell nuclei. Treatment of HepG2 cells with either ethanol or TBHP reduced SOD and CAT activities and depleted total GSH content, compared with the control. Bergenin and gallic acid improved the cell morphology, elevated cell viability (95.94-99.20% and 97.72-99.62% of control, respectively), lowered LDH toxicity (8.14-9.10% and 7.82-8.92% of control, respectively), restored AST, ALT, and MDA levels, promoted SOD and CAT activities, and enhanced the total GSH content of ethanol- and TBHP-treated HepG2 cells. Bergenin exhibited hepatoprotective activity via restoration of the oxidant-antioxidant system and is a potential candidate for hepatoprotective treatment.
248. Uma leitura sobre propostas curriculares de Geografia no Brasil: 1986-2018
Authors: Lima Maria das Graças de
Published: December 2020

Desde os anos 1980, buscando modificar práticas de ensino, foram implementadas na educação escolar brasileira diversas reformas educacionais, precedidas por propostas curriculares para todas as áreas do ensino escolar, incluindo a Geografia. Entre os anos 1986 e 2018, três propostas curriculares e uma base curricular, que tiveram particular interesse para este estudo por suas proximidades e pelas suas contribuições ao ensino de Geografia no Brasil, foram aprovadas: a proposta da Coordenadoria de Estudos e Normas Pedagógicas - CENP, em 1986, no estado de São Paulo; a proposta municipal, em 1992, no município de São Paulo; os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais -  PCN de Geografia, aprovados em 1998 pelo Ministério de Educação - MEC para o território brasileiro; e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC, aprovada pelo MEC para o território brasileiro em 2017 e 2018. Essas propostas curriculares contribuíram de diversos modos para a alteração da abordagem didática, pedagógica e geográfica do ensino de Geografia no Brasil, deslocando suas questões da relação sociedade/natureza para sociedade/ambiente, modificando, com isso, seus conteúdos, introduzindo metodologias de ensino e manifestando preocupações com a aprendizagem dos educandos e com a democratização da rede escolar.
The Simons Observatory: metamaterial microwave absorber and its cryogenic applications
Authors: Xu Zhilei , Chesmore Grace E. , Adachi Shunsuke , Ali Aamir M. , Bazarko Andrew , Coppi Gabriele , Devlin Mark , Devlin Tom , Dicker Simon R. , Gallardo Patricio A. , Golec Joseph E. , Gudmundsson Jon E. , Harrington Kathleen , Hattori Makoto , Kofman Anna , Kiuchi Kenji , Kusaka Akito , Limon Michele , Matsuda Frederick , McMahon Jeff , Nati Federico , Niemack Michael D. , Suzuki Aritoki , Teply Grant P. , Thornton Robert J. , Wollack Edward J. , Zannoni Mario , Zhu Ningfeng
Published: December 2020

Controlling stray light at millimeter
wavelengths requires special optical design and selection of
absorptive materials that should be compatible with cryogenic
operating environments. While a wide selection of absorptive materials
exists, these typically exhibit high indices of refraction and
reflect/scatter a significant fraction of light before absorption. For
many lower index materials such as commercial microwave absorbers,
their applications in cryogenic environments are challenging. In this
paper, we present a new tool to control stray light: metamaterial
microwave absorber tiles. These tiles comprise an outer metamaterial
layer that approximates a lossy gradient index anti-reflection
coating. They are fabricated via injection molding commercially
available carbon-loaded polyurethane (25% by mass). The injection
molding technology enables mass production at low cost. The design of
these tiles is presented, along with thermal tests to 1 K. Room
temperature optical measurements verify their control of reflectance
to less than 1% up to

65

∘

angles of incidence, and control of
wide angle scattering below 0.01%. The dielectric properties of the
bulk carbon-loaded material used in the tiles is also measured at
different temperatures, confirming that the material maintains similar
dielectric properties down to 3 K.