bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on incompressible fluid analysis by three-dimensional particle method with finite volume techniques
Authors: Hibi Shigeyuki , Yabushita Kazuki , Tsutsui Takayuki
Published: October 2022

Simulating violent free-surface flows by particle methods is effective. In recent years, the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) method and the MPS(Moving Particle Simulation method) method are considered representative especially in the fields of ship engineering and civil engineering but these methods need various artificial parameters in calculation and may have unnatural large numerical oscillation in the calculated pressure values. In order to avoid these problems, the authors have proposed another particle method based on the finite volume techniques. The usefulness of the proposed method in two-dimensional problems has been verified by comparing the pressure fluctuation when a water tank of the two-dimensional model is forcibly oscillated with the corresponding experiment [1]. Therefore, in this research, the authors extended the algorithm so that the calculation formula can be applied to three-dimensional problems. The effectiveness of the calculation is demonstrated by applying to the dam break problem.
Pool boiling of ethanol on surfaces with parallel microchannels
Authors: Kaniowski Robert , Pastuszko Robert
Published: October 2022

The paper presents investigations into pool boiling heat transfer for open minichannel surfaces. The experiments were carried out with saturated ethanol at atmospheric pressure. Parallel microchannels fabricated by machining were about 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wide and 0.2 to 0.5 mm deep. The measurements were performed with increasing heat flux and variable geometric parameters of the minichannels. The image acquisition speed was 493 fps (at resolution 400 x 300 pixels with Photonfocus PHOT MV-D1024-160-CL camera) and an EX-FH20 (Casio) camera was used to record the images of the entire surface of the specimen. The analysis of boiling curves for the tested surfaces does not give an unambiguous response to the influence of geometrical parameters, i.e. the height of the microchannels on the heat transfer process.
Numerical calculations of heat transfer during FC-72 flow in minichannels performed with ANSYS software
Authors: Kuta Kacper , Piasecka Magdalena , Blasiak Slawomir
Published: October 2022

The main aim of the paper was to apply numerical calculations in ANSYS software to solve problems related to steady-state convective heat transfer during FC-72 flow in a minichannel heat sink. A mathematical model of fluid flow in a minichannel heat sink was proposed. Data from research conducted on the experimental stand with asymmetrically heated test section were selected. The element cooled by fluid flowing in minichannels was a thin foil. The distribution of temperature on the outer heated foil surface was measured using infrared thermography. Thermocouples and pressure meters were installed at the inlet and outlet of the minichannels. A CAD model was prepared with respect to the geometry of the test section. The mesh was created in ANSYS Mesher. A suitable model of turbulences was selected and materials temperature dependencies were considered. The iterative process of creating the model and comparing the results obtained by the CFD calculation was used to capture the fluid behavior. The velocity magnitudes and temperature distributions were presented as the main results of numerical calculations.
Evolution and implosion of cavitation bubbles towards solid surface
Authors: Schovanec Petr , Jasikova Darina , Kotek Michal , Kopecky Vaclav
Published: October 2022

Cavitation bubbles generated via laser-induced breakdown are investigated experimentally. The present work focuses on the direction of the first bubble collapse near a solid surface in distilled water. The solid surface is placed first to the right side in a cuvette filled with distilled water and then placed to the top of the cuvette. In this experiment, it is observed in which direction the cavitation bubble collapses. The cavitation bubble is visualized by a high-speed camera of frequency 68kHz.
Mathematical simulation of the high capacity pumping system for emergencies
Authors: Vrábel Martin , Drábková Sylva , Dobeš Pavel
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the possibilities of mathematical simulation of the high-capacity pumping module used in emergencies, such as floods and fires. These situations can be broad and varied. In order to respond to these events effectively, formulation of methodology followed with simulation of various scenarios can be very helpful. Based on the high-capacity pumping module MČS-25-330-K produced by Sigma company, and the related certified methodology for its application in the field, mathematical simulations of the system were carried out in MATLAB Simulink. The discharge pressure, flow rate and the pressure loss through straight fire hoses were evaluated for various operational conditions of the pump and partly compared with the field measurement.
Flow inside impeller sidewall gaps and disk friction of radial centrifugal pump
Authors: Zemanová Lucie , Rudolf Pavel , Naumov Andrey V. , Volkov Alexander V.
Published: October 2022

Disk friction losses can significantly influence the overall pump effciency. It is most pronounced in the case of machines with low or moderate specific speed, which has to be kept in mind during a design process of a pump. However, analyses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) often completely neglect the sidewall gaps geometry. Correctly solved flow in the sidewall gaps can have a great impact on the whole flow pattern inside the pump and therefore it can considerably influence the calculated effciency. The paper is focused on the precise simulation of the flow in the spaces between impeller shrouds and casing. CFD study using embedded Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach in order to achieve accurate insight into the flow in sidewall gaps and reasonable computational time was performed. Obtained results are compared with data from experimental measurements.
Update zur Mundgesundheit mit Zubereitungen aus
Preiselbeeren
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: October 2022

Die verschiedenen Vaccinium-Arten unterscheiden sich im Spektrum ihrer
Inhaltsstoffe. Die skandinavische Preiselbeere (V. vitis-idaea)
enthält mehr Wirkstoff als die amerikanische Preiselbeere (V.
macrocarpon), früher auch Großfrüchtige
Moosbeere, Kraanbeere oder Kranichbeere, heute eher Cranberry genannt. Dennoch
besitzen auch Fraktionen aus der amerikanischen Cranberry eine starke Wirkung
gegen Karies und Periodontitis. Der Wirkungsmechanismus ist weitgehend
aufgeklärt. Die vorhandenen In-vitro-Daten erlauben derzeit noch
keine Abgrenzung zwischen den Vaccinium-Arten, da nur wenige
In-vitro-Studien mit V. vitis-idaea durchgeführt
wurden. Pilotstudien weisen darauf hin, dass der Wirkstoff beider
Vaccinium-Arten zur Förderung der Mundgesundheit genutzt
werden kann. Weitere Studien müssen jetzt die Wirkgrößen
definieren und den Unterschied zwischen den Vaccinium-Arten bei der
Mundgesundheit evaluieren.
Okuläre Nebenwirkungen bei adjuvanten Melanomtherapien
Authors: Boland Dorothea , Harth Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Das Maligne Melanom hat in den letzten Jahren eine deutliche Erweiterung des Behandlungsspektrums erfahren. Neue adjuvante und palliative Therapiekonzepte mittels BRAF-/MEK- und Checkpoint-Inhibitoren erzielen zudem eine deutliche Verbesserung der Behandlungsergebnisse. Durch den vermehrten Medikamenteneinsatz mit neuen Wirkmechanismen kommt es gleichzeitig zur Häufung von bis dato eher seltenen und untypischen Nebenwirkungen. Wir berichten über zwei Patienten mit okulären Nebenwirkungen bei adjuvanter Therapie bei Malignem Melanom.

Eine biokuläre Glaskörperblutung nach adjuvanter Therapie mit BRAF-/MEK-Inhibitoren kann mittels mehrerer ophthalmologischer Operationen behandelt werden. Ein dadurch hocheingeschränkter Visus verbessert sich so auf einen regelrechten Visus.

Unser zweiter Patient hat durch eine adjuvante Therapie mit einem Checkpoint-Inhibitor eine medikamenteninduzierte komplette Abduzenzparese entwickelt. Diese ist unter einer Prednisolonstoßtherapie komplett reversibel.

Eine adäquate Risiko-Nutzen-Analyse für jeden Patienten ist besonders bei der adjuvanten Therapie notwendig.
Hormone, Sex, Drugs und … Heilpflanzen
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard
Published: October 2022

Die Frage, ob Heilpflanzen auf Hormone oder wie Hormone wirken können, hatte
man in den letzten Jahrzehnten eindeutig bejaht. Erst Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts
bekam die Hormonforschung mit der Vergabe des Nobelpreises an Feodor Lynen eine
große Aufmerksamkeit und die Faszination war nicht unerheblich, dass
Sexualentwicklung wie Sexualverhalten durch Sexualhormone beeinflussbar sind. Mein
Vater war zeitlebens stolz darauf, dem großen Kreis der
Lynen-Schüler bzw. -Mitarbeiter in München anzugehören.
Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Cephalosporolide J
Authors: Ota Koichiro , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Kamaike Kazuo
Published: October 2022

Herein, we report the first total synthesis of cephalosporolide J, which is a deep sea sediment derived polyketide harboring a unique bicyclo[3.3.0]furanolactone moiety. The adopted synthetic strategy consisted of the alkynylation of γ-lactone with lithium alkynyltrifluoroborate followed by a spiroketalization triggered by hydrogenation of the triple bond. Through this synthesis, the correct structure of cephalosporolide J is shown to be that of the 9-epi stereoisomer of the structure originally proposed.
Study of critical optical confinement factor for GeSn-based multiple quantum well lasers
Authors: Abernathy Grey , Ojo Solomon , Grant Joshua M. , Zhou Yiyin , Du Wei , Kuchuk Andrian , Li Baohua , Yu Shui-Qing
Published: October 2022

SiGeSn material is of great interest for the development of all-group-IV lasers on a Si substrate. While GeSn-based lasers have been reported worldwide, probing the fundamental limit to lase is highly desirable to reveal the material capability as a gain medium. In this work, three GeSn-based multiple quantum well lasers, with four wells, six wells, and ten wells, were characterized. The four-well device cannot achieve lasing due to the thin active region (thickness of 81 nm), resulting in insufficient optical confinement factor. With thicker active region, both six-well (92 nm) and ten-well (136 nm) devices show clear lasing output. The ten-well sample exhibits a higher lasing temperature of 90 K. The finding of this work reveals the fundamental limit of the required optical confinement factor to achieve lasing for a Fabry–Pérot cavity edge emitting laser devices.
All-electrical valley filtering in graphene systems (II): Numerical study of electron transport in valley valves
Authors: Jiang Jia-Huei , Lue Ning-Yuan , Chen Feng-Wu , Wu Yu-Shu G.
Published: October 2022

This work performs a numerical study of electron transport through the fundamental logic gate in valleytronics—a valley valve consisting of two or increasing number of valley filters. Various typical effects on the transport are investigated, such as those due to interface scattering, long- and short-range impurity scattering, edge roughness, strain, inter-filter spacing, or increasing number of valley filters. For illustration, we consider the class of specific valves built from graphene quantum wire valley filters in single layer or bilayer graphene, with the filters subject to separate control of in-plane, transverse electric fields. The nearest-neighbor tight-binding model of graphene is used to formulate the corresponding transport problem, and the algorithm of the recursive Green's function method is applied to solve for the corresponding transmission coefficient. In the case of two-filter valves, the result explicitly demonstrates the existence of a pronounced on-off contrast in electron transmission between the two configurations of valves, namely, one with identical and the other with opposite valley polarities in the two constituent filters. The contrast is shown to be enhanced when increasing the number of filters in valves. Signatures of Fano–Fabry–Pérot type resonances in association with interface scattering and inter-filter spacing are illustrated. Electron backscattering due to impurities is found to be sizably suppressed, with the valve performance showing considerable robustness against edge roughness scattering. On the other hand, the presence of a uniaxial strain modifies the electron transmission and results in an interesting quasi-periodic modulation of transmission as we vary the strain strength.
Self-supported AlFeNiCoMo high-entropy alloy with micropillar array structure for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Li Yongjie , Yang Yiyuan , Zhang Xinyue , Guo Yangbin , Jia Zhe , Shen Baolong
Published: October 2022

The development of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the application of hydrogen energy. In this work, a self-supported AlFeCoNiMo high entropy alloy with a uniformly distributed micropillar array structure on the surface is prepared by melt spinning followed by dealloying. The catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 228, 265, and 318 mV to drive the current densities of 10, 100, and 1000 mA/cm2, a small Tafel slope of 51 mV/dec, and excellent long-term stability for 30 h in 1.0M KOH electrolyte for OER. The high catalytic activity is attributed to the unique micropillar array with rich active sites and the synergistic effect between multiple metallic elements. The good stability of the catalyst results from the steady micropillar array structure and the formation of oxyhydroxides on the surface during long-term catalysis. This work provides a facile and scalable method for the preparation of self-supported, low-cost, and high-performance OER electrocatalysts.
Combined online Bayesian and windowed estimation of background and signal localization facilitates active-feedback particle tracking in complex environments
Authors: Niver Anastasia J. , Welsher Kevin D.
Published: October 2022

Despite successes in tracking single molecules in vitro, the extension of active-feedback single-particle methods to tracking rapidly diffusing and unconfined proteins in live cells has not been realized. Since the existing active-feedback localization methods localize particles in real time assuming zero background, they are ill-suited to track in the inhomogeneous background environment of a live cell. Here, we develop a windowed estimation of signal and background levels using recent data to estimate the current particle brightness and background intensity. These estimates facilitate recursive Bayesian position estimation, improving upon current Kalman-based localization methods. Combined, online Bayesian and windowed estimation of background and signal (COBWEBS) surpasses existing 2D localization methods. Simulations demonstrate improved localization accuracy and responsivity in a homogeneous background for selected particle and background intensity combinations. Improved or similar performance of COBWEBS tracking extends to the majority of signal and background combinations explored. Furthermore, improved tracking durations are demonstrated in the presence of heterogeneous backgrounds for multiple particle intensities, diffusive speeds, and background patterns. COBWEBS can accurately track particles in the presence of high and nonuniform backgrounds, including intensity changes of up to three times the particle’s intensity, making it a prime candidate for advancing active-feedback single fluorophore tracking to the cellular interior.
Carboxylate-mediated proton transfer promotes water oxidation on spindle-like Ce-doped FeCo hydroxide
Authors: Li Yao , Shi Jing-Hui , Huang Tao , Huang Gui-Fang , Huang Wei-Qing
Published: October 2022

The proton transfer plays a crucial, yet not well-control, role in enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of transition metal (TM) (oxy) hydroxide materials. Herein, we take Ce-doped FeCo layered double hydroxide (Ce-FeCo LDH) nanosheets in situ growth on spindle-like MIL-88A, as a model system to demonstrate enhancing OER activity through the promotion of proton transfer by forming the carboxylate ligands coordinated with TM atoms. The carboxyl group-functionalized MIL-88A@Ce-FeCo LDH core–shell hybrid catalyst, fabricated by the one-pot reflux method, is made up of Ce-FeCo LDH as active component and carboxylate ligands as a proton acceptor. Specifically, the uncoordinated carboxylate ligands serve as relays to promote proton transfer and deprotonation efficiency. As a result, this core–shell structured hybrid exhibits superior OER activity while maintaining excellent durability. This work provides a facile method to reserve carboxylates as the station of proton transfer on TM-based catalyst to promote water splitting.
Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect through a LiF/MgO hybrid tunneling barrier
Authors: Nozaki Takayuki , Nozaki Tomohiro , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Konoto Makoto , Sugihara Atsushi , Yakushiji Kay , Yuasa Shinji
Published: October 2022

Improving the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) properties are fundamentally important for the development of voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memories (VC-MRAM). Recently, we reported on a large increase in PMA at an Fe/MgO interface brought about by inserting an ultrathin LiF layer at the interface. In this paper, we investigate the PMA, VCMA, and TMR properties in MTJs with an Ir-doped ultrathin ferromagnetic layer and a LiF/MgO hybrid tunneling barrier. We observed a clear increase in the interfacial PMA by a factor of 2.5 when an ultrathin 0.25 nm LiF layer was inserted. A large VCMA coefficient, exceeding −300 fJ/Vm, was also achieved while maintaining the high TMR ratio and high interfacial PMA. These results demonstrate the high potential of interface engineering using ultrathin LiF layers for spintronic devices.
Structural length-scale of β relaxation in metallic glass
Authors: Yang Qun , Wei Shuai , Yu Yang , Zhang Hui-Ru , Gao Liang , Bu Qing-Zhou , Amini Narges , Cheng Yu-Dong , Yang Fan , Schoekel Alexander , Yu Hai-Bin
Published: October 2022

Establishing the structure–property relationship is an important goal of glassy materials, but it is usually impeded by their disordered structure and non-equilibrium nature. Recent studies have illustrated that secondary (β) relaxation is closely correlated with several properties in a range of glassy materials. However, it has been challenging to identify the pertinent structural features that govern it. In this work, we show that the so-called polyamorphous transition in metallic glasses offers an opportunity to distinguish the structural length scale of β relaxation. We find that, while the glass transition temperature and medium-range orders (MROs) change rapidly across the polyamorphous transition, the intensity of β relaxation and the short-range orders (SROs) evolve in a way similar to those in an ordinary reference glass without polyamorphous transition. Our findings suggest that the MRO accounts mainly for the global stiffening of the materials and the glass transition, while the SRO contributes more to β relaxation per se.
Photocatalytic activity of MoS2 with water monolayers: Global optimization
Authors: Zhang Yachao
Published: October 2022

Atomically thin MoS2 has emerged to be promising for photocatalytic water splitting benefiting from its suitable geometrical and electronic structure for light harvesting. A better understanding of how water molecules affect the band edge levels of MoS2 is critical for promoting the interfacial reactivity. Here, we determine the structures of water monolayers on MoS2 using global optimizations achieved by molecular dynamics in combination with local minimization. It is shown that cyclic water clusters are formed on a surface through a hydrogen-bonding network. The absolute band edge positions are explored taking into account the derivative discontinuity of the exchange–correlation functional. Shifts in band edges are observed with the increase in H2O coverage, while bandgaps tend to be slightly decreased. In particular, the band alignment relative to water redox potentials has been investigated in detail. We find that the dimer configuration is likely to suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while the polygon clusters lift the conduction band by 0.2–0.7 eV, and thus, they would enhance HER. This effect is explained in terms of the linear dependence of the band edge offset on an interface electric dipole arising from water assemblies.
Understanding chemical enhancements of surface-enhanced Raman scattering using a Raman bond model for extended systems
Authors: Chen Ran , Jensen Lasse
Published: October 2022

In this work, we extend a previously developed Raman bond model to periodic slab systems for interpreting chemical enhancements of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The Raman bond model interprets chemical enhancements as interatomic charge flow modulations termed Raman bonds. Here, we show that the Raman bond model offers a unified interpretation of chemical enhancements for localized and periodic systems. As a demonstration of the Raman bond model, we study model systems consisting of CO and pyridine molecules on Ag clusters and slabs. We find that for both localized and periodic systems, the dominant Raman bonds are distributed near the molecule–metal interface and, therefore, the chemical enhancements are determined by a common Raman bond pattern. The effects of surface coverage, thickness, and roughness on the chemical enhancements have been studied, which shows that decreasing surface coverage or creating surface roughness increases chemical enhancements. In both of these cases, the inter-fragment charge flow connectivity is improved due to more dynamic polarization at the interface. The chemical enhancement is shown to scale with the inter-fragment charge flow to the fourth power. Since the inter-fragment charge flow is determined by the charge transfer excitation energy, the Raman bond model is connected to the transition-based analysis of chemical enhancements. We also show that the SERS spectra of localized and periodic systems normalized by inter-fragment charge flows can be unified. In summary, the Raman bond model offers a unique framework for understanding SERS spectra in terms of Raman bond distributions and offers a connection between localized and periodic model systems of SERS studies.
Molecular-based analysis of nanoparticle solvation: Classical density functional approach
Authors: Chuev Gennady , Dinpajooh Mohammadhasan , Valiev Marat
Published: October 2022

Proper statistical mechanics understanding of nanoparticle solvation processes requires an accurate description of the molecular structure of the solvent. Achieving this goal with standard molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods is challenging due to large length scales. An alternative approach to this problem can be formulated using classical density functional theory (cDFT), where a full configurational description of the positions of all the atoms is replaced by collective atomic site densities in the molecule. Using an example of the negatively charged silica-like system in an aqueous polar environment represented by a two-site water model, we demonstrate that cDFT can reproduce MD data at a fraction of the computational cost. An important implication of this result is the ability to understand how the solvent molecular features may affect the system’s properties at the macroscopic scale. A concrete example highlighted in this work is the analysis of nanoparticle interactions with sizes of up to 100 nm in diameter.
Plio–Pleistocene vicariance across arid Australia in the ‘Spiny Knob-tailed Geckos’ (
Authors: Oliver Paul M. , Donnellan Stephen C. , Gunn Bee F.
Published: October 2022

Across Australia’s monsoon tropics and vast arid zone isolated regions or ‘islands’ of upland or rocky habitat are home to disjunct populations of many taxa of plants and animals. Comparative analyses of lineages that occur across these habitat islands provide opportunities to understand when and how environmental change drove isolation and diversification across arid Australia. Here we present an analysis of mitochondrial genetic diversity across disjunct populations of geckos in the Nephrurus asper group. Dating analyses suggest that disjunct and genetically divergent populations spanning the northern half of Australia diverged through the Plio–Pleistocene. Based on the timing of divergence and current habitat associations we hypothesise that species in this lineage were isolated by the expansion of unsuitable arid-zone habitats from the late Pliocene onwards. Across most areas, these barriers appear to be sandy or stony deserts. However, in eastern Australia genetically divergent populations are separated by grassland on flat vertisol-dominated soils (‘blacksoils’), suggesting that these habitats also expanded during the late Pliocene aridification. Finally, we show that western Queensland populations formerly referred to N. asper are genetically divergent and diagnosable on the basis of colour pattern and, herein, recognise these populations as a distinct species. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9508CAAA-D014-452D-A3DA-325851615FA7
Contributions of memory and brain development to the bioregulation of naps and nap transitions in early childhood
Authors: Spencer Rebecca M. C. , Riggins Tracy
Published: October 2022

The transition from multiple sleep bouts each day to a single overnight sleep bout (i.e., nap transition) is a universal process in human development. Naps are important during infancy and early childhood as they enhance learning through memory consolidation. However, a normal part of development is the transition out of naps. Understanding nap transitions is essential in order to maximize early learning and promote positive long-term cognitive outcomes. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis regarding the cognitive, physiological, and neural changes that accompany nap transitions. Specifically, we posit that maturation of the hippocampal-dependent memory network results in more efficient memory storage, which reduces the buildup of homeostatic sleep pressure across the cortex (as reflected by slow-wave activity), and eventually, contributes to nap transitions. This hypothesis synthesizes evidence of bioregulatory mechanisms underlying nap transitions and sheds new light on an important window of change in development. This framework can be used to evaluate multiple untested predictions from the field of sleep science and ultimately, yield science-based guidelines and policies regarding napping in childcare and early education settings.
Superhydrous aluminous silica phases as major water hosts in high-temperature lower mantle
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , Criniti Giacomo , Ohtani Eiji , Purevjav Narangoo , Fei Hongzhan , Katsura Tomoo , Mao Ho-kwang
Published: October 2022

Water transported by subducted oceanic plates changes mineral and rock properties at high pressures and temperatures, affecting the dynamics and evolution of the Earth’s interior. Although geochemical observations imply that water should be stored in the lower mantle, the limited amounts of water incorporation in pyrolitic lower-mantle minerals suggest that water in the lower mantle may be stored in the basaltic fragments of subducted slabs. Here, we performed multianvil experiments to investigate the stability and water solubility of aluminous stishovite and CaCl
2
-structured silica, referred to as poststishovite, in the SiO
2
-Al
2
O
3
-H
2
O systems at 24 to 28 GPa and 1,000 to 2,000 °C, representing the pressure–temperature conditions of cold subducting slabs to hot upwelling plumes in the top lower mantle. The results indicate that both alumina and water contents in these silica minerals increase with increasing temperature under hydrous conditions due to the strong Al
3+
-H
+
charge coupling substitution, resulting in the storage of water up to 1.1 wt %. The increase of water solubility in these hydrous aluminous silica phases at high temperatures is opposite of that of other nominally anhydrous minerals and of the stability of the hydrous minerals. This feature prevents the releasing of water from the subducting slabs and enhances the transport water into the deep lower mantle, allowing significant amounts of water storage in the high-temperature lower mantle and circulating water between the upper mantle and the lower mantle through subduction and plume upwelling. The shallower depths of midmantle seismic scatterers than expected from the pure SiO
2
stishovite–poststishovite transition pressure support this scenario.
Ornithine decarboxylase supports ILC3 responses in infectious and autoimmune colitis through positive regulation of IL-22 transcription
Authors: Peng Vincent , Cao Siyan , Trsan Tihana , Bando Jennifer K. , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Cleveland John L. , Clish Clary , Xavier Ramnik J. , Colonna Marco
Published: October 2022

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are RORγT
+
lymphocytes that are predominately enriched in mucosal tissues and produce IL-22 and IL-17A. They are the innate counterparts of Th17 cells. While Th17 lymphocytes utilize unique metabolic pathways in their differentiation program, it is unknown whether ILC3s make similar metabolic adaptations. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolomic profiling of intestinal ILC subsets to identify an enrichment of polyamine biosynthesis in ILC3s, converging on the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1). In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that exogenous supplementation with the polyamine putrescine or its biosynthetic substrate, ornithine, enhanced ILC3 production of IL-22. Conditional deletion of ODC1 in ILC3s impaired mouse antibacterial defense against
Citrobacter rodentium
infection, which was associated with a decrease in anti-microbial peptide production by the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, in a model of anti-CD40 colitis, deficiency of ODC1 in ILC3s markedly reduced the production of IL-22 and severity of inflammatory colitis. We conclude that ILC3-intrinsic polyamine biosynthesis facilitates efficient defense against enteric pathogens as well as exacerbates autoimmune colitis, thus representing an attractive target to modulate ILC3 function in intestinal disease.
Precision calculation of neutrino evolution in the early Universe
Authors: Froustey Julien
Published: October 2022

In the primordial Universe, neutrino decoupling occurs only slightly before electron-positron annihilations. This leads notably to an increased neutrino energy density compared to the standard instantaneous decoupling approximation, parametrized by the effective number of neutrino species N
eff. A precise calculation of neutrino evolution is needed to assess its consequences during the later cosmological stages, and requires to take into account multiple effects such as neutrino oscillations, which represents a genuine numerical challenge. Recently, several key improvements have allowed such a precise numerical calculation, leading to the new reference value N
eff = 3.0440.
The health halo effect of ‘low sugar’ and related claims on alcoholic drinks: an online experiment with young women
Authors: Cao Shuyan , Tang Changyuan , Carboon Isla , Hayward Cassie , Capes Hannah , Chen Yan Jun Michelle , Brennan Emily , Dixon Helen , Wakefield Melanie , Haynes Ashleigh
Published: October 2022

Aims

To investigate whether ‘low sugar’ and related claims influence consumers’ perceptions of the healthiness or other attributes of alcoholic drinks, promote greater consumption or impact diet and activity behaviour intentions.

Method

N = 501 Australian women aged 18–35 viewed and rated six images of alcoholic drinks in a randomized online experiment with a 2 (claim: low sugar claim, no claim control) × 2 (drink type: cider, ready-to-drink spirits) between-subjects design.

Results

Participants who viewed drinks with low sugar claims rated them as healthier, less harmful to health, lower in sugar and kilojoules, and more suitable for weight management and a healthy diet than participants who viewed identical drinks with no claim (P < 0.001-P = 0.002). Drinks with low sugar claims were also perceived as being lower in alcohol (P < 0.001) despite being of equivalent alcohol content. There were no significant differences in anticipated social approval associated with consumption or in hypothetical intended consumption of the drinks, but participants who viewed drinks with low sugar claims were less likely to indicate they would compensate for consumption of the drink by modifying food intake or physical activity (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Low sugar and related claims on alcoholic drinks can generate a health halo: consumers generalise from a specific favourable attribute (low sugar) to misperceive other favourable health- and nutrition-related attributes, including lower alcohol content. Findings support calls to reconsider the permissibility of low sugar claims on alcoholic drinks as they may mislead consumers.
Mutations in the WLS are associated with dental anomalies, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit , Tripuwabhrut Kanich , Jatooratthawichot Peeranat , Adisornkanj Ploy , Hatsadaloi Athiwat , Porntrakoolsaree Nop , Kaewgaya Massupa , Olsen Bjorn , Tongsima Sissades , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Ketudat Cairns James R
Published: October 2022

Background

Canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling are important for odontogenesis. WNT ligand secretion mediator (WLS; MIM611514) is required to transport lipid-modified WNT proteins from the Golgi to the cell membrane, where canonical and non-canonical WNT proteins are released into the extracellular milieu. Biallelic pathogenic variants in WLS are implicated in autosomal recessive Zaki syndrome (ZKS; MIM 619648), the only genetic condition known to be caused by pathogenic variants in WLS.

Objective

To investigate molecular etiology of dental anomalies in 250 patients with or without oral exostoses.

Patients and methods

Clinical and radiographic examination, and whole exome sequencing, were performed in the case of 250 patients with dental anomalies with or without oral exostoses.

Results

Four extremely rare heterozygous missense variants (p.Ile20Thr, p.Met46Leu, p.Ser453Ile and p.Leu516Phe) in WLS were identified in 11 patients with dental anomalies. In five of these patients, a torus palatinus or a torus mandibularis was observed.

Conclusion

We report for the first time the heterozygous WLS variants in patients with dental anomalies. Root maldevelopments in patients with WLS variants supports the role of canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling in root development. We also show that variants in WLS were implicated in torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. In addition, this is the first time that heterozygous carriers of WLS variants were found to manifest phenotypes. WLS variants were likely to have adverse effects on the concentration of WNT ligands delivered to the cell membrane, resulting in aberrant canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling, and subsequent phenotypes.

Limitations of the study

Patient’s positioning during the acquisition of panoramic radiography might have affected the appearance of the tooth structures. If we had all family members of each patient to study co-segregation between genotype and phenotype, it would have strengthened the association of WLS variants and the phenotypes.
Genomic characterization of antifungal Acinetobacter bacteria isolated from the skin of the frogs Agalychnis callidryas and Craugastor fitzingeri
Authors: Cevallos M A , Basanta M D , Bello-López E , Escobedo-Muñoz A S , González-Serrano F M , Nemec A , Romero-Contreras Y J , Serrano M , Rebollar E A
Published: October 2022

Chytridiomycosis, a lethal fungal disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is responsible for population declines and extinctions of amphibians worldwide. However, not all amphibian species are equally susceptible to the disease; some species persist in Bd enzootic regions with no population reductions. Recently, it has been shown that the amphibian skin microbiome plays a crucial role in the defense against Bd. Numerous bacterial isolates with the capacity to inhibit the growth of Batrachochytrium fungi have been isolated from the skin of amphibians. Here, we characterized eight Acinetobacter bacteria isolated from the frogs Agalychnis callidryas and Craugastor fitzingeri at the genomic level. A total of five isolates belonged to Acinetobacter pittii,Acinetobacter radioresistens, or Acinetobactermodestus, and three were not identified as any of the known species, suggesting they are members of new species. We showed that seven isolates inhibited the growth of Bd and that all eight isolates inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea. Finally, we identified the biosynthetic gene clusters that could be involved in the antifungal activity of these isolates. Our results suggest that the frog skin microbiome includes Acinetobacter isolates that are new to science and have broad antifungal functions, perhaps driven by distinct genetic mechanisms.
Early delivery following chronic and acute ambient temperature exposure: a comprehensive survival approach
Authors: Hough Ian , Rolland Matthieu , Guilbert Ariane , Seyve Emie , Heude Barbara , Slama Rémy , Lyon-Caen Sarah , Pin Isabelle , Chevrier Cécile , Kloog Itai , Lepeule Johanna
Published: October 2022

Background

Ambient temperature, particularly heat, is increasingly acknowledged as a trigger for preterm delivery but study designs have been limited and results mixed. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between ambient temperature throughout pregnancy and preterm delivery.

Methods

We estimated daily temperature throughout pregnancy using a cutting-edge spatiotemporal model for 5347 live singleton births from three prospective cohorts in France, 2002–2018. We performed Cox regression (survival analysis) with distributed lags to evaluate time-varying associations with preterm birth simultaneously controlling for exposure during the first 26 weeks and last 30 days of pregnancy. We examined weekly mean, daytime, night-time and variability of temperature, and heatwaves accounting for adaptation to location and season.

Results

Preterm birth risk was higher following cold (5th vs 50th percentile of mean temperature) 7–9 weeks after conception [relative risk (RR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.6 for 2°C vs 11.6°C] and 10–4 days before delivery (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.1 for 1.2°C vs 12.1°C). Night-time heat (95th vs 50th percentile of minimum temperature; 15.7°C vs 7.4°C) increased risk when exposure occurred within 5 weeks of conception (RR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.05–3.8) or 20–26 weeks after conception (RR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2–6.8). Overall and daytime heat (high mean and maximum temperature) showed consistent effects. We found no clear associations with temperature variability or heatwave indicators, suggesting they may be less relevant for preterm birth.

Conclusions

In a temperate climate, night-time heat and chronic and acute cold exposures were associated with increased risk of preterm birth. These results suggest night-time heat as a relevant indicator. In the context of rising temperatures and more frequent weather hazards, these results should inform public health policies to reduce the growing burden of preterm births.
Searching for shell stars in LAMOST DR4 by probing the Fe 42 multiplet lines
Authors: Hümmerich Stefan , Paunzen Ernst , Bernhard Klaus
Published: October 2022

Shell stars, in particular the cooler ones, often do not show conspicuous Balmer-line emission and may consequently be missed in surveys that specifically search for emission signatures in the H α line. This work is aimed at identifying stars with shell-signatures via a search for strong Fe ii multiplet 42 lines at λλ4924, 5018, 5169 Å in archival LAMOST spectra. Candidates were selected by probing the Fe ii (42) lines in the spectra of a sample of colour-preselected early-type stars using a modified version of the MKCLASS code and then categorized by visual inspection of their spectra. We identified 75 stars showing conspicuous shell features, 43 Am/CP1 stars, 12 Ap/CP2 stars, and three objects with composite spectra. Spectral types and equivalent width measurements of the Fe ii (42) lines are presented for the sample of shell stars. Except for three objects, all shell stars appear significantly removed from the ZAMS in the colour–magnitude diagram, which is likely due to extinction by circumstellar material. We find a correlation between the equivalent width of the λ5169 Å line and the distance to the locus of the main-sequence stars (the larger the IR-excess, the stronger the λ5169 Å line) and studied the variability of the shell star sample using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, identifying a very high proportion of double stars. All but 14 shell stars are new discoveries, which highlights the efficiency of the here presented novel approach to identify stars with subtle shell features. This study may be used as a blueprint for discovering these objects in massive spectral data bases.
Deep investigation of neutral gas origins (DINGO): H i stacking experiments with early science data
Authors: Rhee Jonghwan , Meyer Martin , Popping Attila , Bellstedt Sabine , Driver Simon P , Robotham Aaron S G , Whiting Matthew , Baldry Ivan K , Brough Sarah , Brown Michael J I , Bunton John D , Dodson Richard , Holwerda Benne W , Hopkins Andrew M , Koribalski Bärbel S , Lee-Waddell Karen , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Loveday Jon , Mahony Elizabeth , Roychowdhury Sambit , Rozgonyi Kristóf , Staveley-Smith Lister
Published: October 2022

We present early science results from Deep Investigation of Neutral Gas Origins (DINGO), an $\rm H$i survey using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Using ASKAP subarrays available during its commissioning phase, DINGO early science data were taken over ∼60 deg2 of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) 23 h region with 35.5 h integration time. We make direct detections of six known and one new sources at z < 0.01. Using $\rm H$ i spectral stacking, we investigate the $\rm H$ i gas content of galaxies at 0.04 < z < 0.09 for different galaxy colours. The results show that galaxy morphology based on optical colour is strongly linked to $\rm H$ i gas properties. To examine environmental impacts on the $\rm H$i gas content of galaxies, three subsamples are made based on the GAMA group catalogue. The average $\rm H$i mass of group central galaxies is larger than those of satellite and isolated galaxies, but with a lower $\rm H$i gas fraction. We derive a variety of $\rm H$i scaling relations for physical properties of our sample, including stellar mass, stellar mass surface density, NUV − r colour, specific star formation rate, and halo mass. We find that the derived $\rm H$i scaling relations are comparable to other published results, with consistent trends also observed to ∼0.5 dex lower limits in stellar mass and stellar surface density. The cosmic $\rm H$i densities derived from our data are consistent with other published values at similar redshifts. DINGO early science highlights the power of $\rm H$i spectral stacking techniques with ASKAP.
Stellar triples as a source for Ba stars
Authors: Gao Yan , Toonen Silvia , Leigh Nathan
Published: October 2022

Barium stars have been studied extensively over the past few decades, yet our current understanding of how these intriguing objects formed leaves much to be desired. Many trends observed in systems containing barium stars cannot be satisfactorily explained by classical binary evolution models, naturally raising the question of whether triples and other higher order multiples can give rise to such exotic objects. In this paper, we study the possibility that a Roche Lobe overflow from a tertiary in a hierarchical triple system can potentially lead to surface barium enrichment within the inner binary, while at the same time causing the inner binary to merge, thereby producing a barium star. This possibility has the potential to form a large proportion of Barium stars, as Roche Lobe overflow from a tertiary is typically much more stable for close orbits than that from a binary companion. Various formation channels and mechanisms by which this can be achieved are considered, and constraints on relative formation rates are placed on each scenario. Three recently discovered triple systems containing Ba stars further support our proposed formation mechanism. We conclude that a significant portion of barium stars may be formed from hierarchical triple systems, and that further studies are required in this area before a complete understanding of Barium star populations can be achieved.
Polarization of magnetospheric curvature radiation in repeating fast radio bursts
Authors: Wang(王维扬) Wei-Yang , Jiang(姜金辰) Jin-Chen , Lee(李柯伽) Kejia , Xu(徐仁新) Renxin , Zhang(张冰) Bing
Published: October 2022

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) can exhibit a wide variety of polarization properties, not only between sources but also from burst to burst for a same one. In this work, we revisit the polarization characters of coherent curvature radiation from a bulk of charged bunches in the magnetosphere of a highly magnetized neutron star. FRBs have been observed to have a variety of polarization features, such as high levels of circular polarization (CP) or a sign change of CP. High linear polarization (LP) would appear when the line of sight is inside the emission beam (the on-beam geometry), whereas high CP would be present when it is outside (the off-beam geometry). By considering two scenarios of the ‘bulk shapes’ (thick versus thin), we apply the model to explain the polarization features of four repeating FRBs (FRB 20121102A, FRB 180916B, FRB 20190520B and FRB 20201124A). Most bursts are dominated by LP and negligible events have sign changes in CP, suggesting that such FRBs are most likely to be emitted by the ‘thin’ bulks with large opening angles. The higher probability of ‘thin’ bulks could be meaningful for understanding repeating FRB central engine, i.e. the sparking dynamics to produce different bulks of energetic bunches on a neutron star surface.
Simulated optical light curves of super-Eddington tidal disruption events with ZEBRA flows
Authors: Eyles-Ferris R A J , Starling R L C , O’Brien P T , Nixon C J , Coughlin Eric R
Published: October 2022

We present simulated optical light curves of super-Eddington tidal disruption events (TDEs) using the ZEro-BeRnoulli Accretion (ZEBRA) flow model, which proposes that during the super-Eddington phase, the disc is quasi-spherical, radiation-pressure dominated, and accompanied by the production of strong jets. We construct light curves for both on- and off-axis (with respect to the jet) observers to account for the anisotropic nature of the jetted emission. We find that at optical wavelengths, emission from the accretion flow is orders of magnitude brighter than that produced by the jet, even with boosting from synchrotron self-Compton. Comparing to the observed jetted TDE Swift J2058.4+0516, we find that the ZEBRA model accurately captures the time-scale for which accretion remains super-Eddington and reproduces the luminosity of the transient. However, we find the shape of the light curves deviate at early times and the radius and temperature of our modelled ZEBRA are ∼2.7–4.1 times smaller and ∼1.4–2.3 times larger, respectively, than observed. We suggest that this indicates the ZEBRA inflates more, and more rapidly, than currently predicted by the model, and we discuss possible extensions to the model to account for this. Such refinements, coupled with valuable new data from upcoming large-scale surveys, could help to resolve the nature of super-Eddington TDEs and how they are powered.