bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of glimepiride interactions with bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen using fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Pathania Apoorva , Deep Kour Harman , Bhattu Monika , Radha Pathania Anu
Published: November 2024

Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Fibrinogen (Fib) are the model proteins extensively used for investigating drug-protein interactions due to their distinct binding characteristics and structural similarities to human serum albumin. The present report examines the interactions between Glimepiride (GM) [a sulfonylurea used for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus management) and Fib And BSA, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to analyze quenching mechanisms and binding constants at 298 K and 290 K, respectively. The results indicate that GM binds to BSA and Fib via hydrophobic forces, with binding and quenching rate constants showing significant interactions. The binding constant (kb) due to the interaction between GM-Fib was found to be 1.297 × 104 Lmol-1 and 1.262× 104 Lmol-1 at 298 K and 290 K, respectively with Gibbs free energy (ΔG) equal to -5.609 Kcal/mol, and -3.627 Kcal/mol at 298 K and 290 K, respectively. The binding constant (kb) for the interaction between GM- BSA was determined to be 1.24 × 105 Lmol⁻¹ at 298 K and 9.896 × 103 Lmol⁻¹ at 290 K. The ΔG associated with these interactions is -6.947 Kcal/mol at 298 K and -5.302 Kcal/mol at 290 K. The thermodynamic parameters suggest spontaneous binding processes due to a negative value of ΔG. The results provide valuable insights into GM’s stability and interaction mechanisms with Fib and BSA, contributing to understanding drug-protein interactions essential for drug development.
Optimization of Photovoltaic System Efficiency in Building Envelope Designs Using Genetic Algorithms: Comparative Analysis of Cost Metrics, Energy Savings, and Payback Periods
Authors: Vafaeva Khristina Maksudovna , Karuna Gotlur , Kumar Katla Praveen , Rajvanshi Saurabh , Sood Saksham , Cajla Pancham , Singh Maninder
Published: November 2024

This study examines how genetic algorithms (GA) can be used to make protective structures for photovoltaic (PV) systems more efficient. We tried to increase the efficiency of solar cell systems in five different construction scenarios with regard to costs, energy savings, and payback time. To optimize this, we used construction parameters such as width, height, depth, insulation thickness, shading, and roof angle. An evolutionary algorithm generated the most efficient individual with parameters of 32.89 m width, 8.83 m height, 1.46 m depth, WWR = 32.52%, insulation = 8.96 cm, shading = 7.94 m², and roof angle = 72.08°. The solar panels had an efficiency of 31.27%. According to the cost analysis, Building 4, which had installation costs of $40,000 and annual maintenance costs of $1,500, provided the greatest energy savings of $7,000 per year and a payback period of five years. The features that distinguished Building 2 were installation cost, $ 25000; the pay back of installation was seven years; annual maintenance cost $ 800 per year. But it also saved less power which was around four thousand dollars for the year consumption. In Building 3 the greatest energy savings were found and pay back period was also five years In Buildings 3 and 5 average cost and performance was observed. According to the practical outcomes of the study, it has been perceived that applying of genetic algorithms can lead to enhancement of the economic efficiency of the solar power plants including energy saving aspects. It is therefore argued here that these skills can be applied to building design such that possible returns on solar panel systems are boosted.
In-Situ EBSD Study of Phase Transformation in Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy
Authors: Nemova Darya Viktorovna , Vybhavi Gummagatta Yajaman , Kumar Pramod , Kapoor Tarun , Bhardwaj Nishant , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: November 2024

The phase transition and grain refinement features of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy are investigated in this study using in-situ high- temperature Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The objective of the experiment was to detect the phase transition from Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) to Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) systems at temperatures ranging from 770 to 900 degrees Celsius. Grain refinement techniques such as recrystallization twin generation, Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM), and low-angle grain boundary creation were the focus of this study. According to our research, phase transformation maps taken at 770°C, 810°C, 840°C, and 900°C reveal that a discontinuous recrystallization process was responsible for the transformation and recrystallization. The results of this investigation provide support to the theory that high-temperature treatments may enhance the microstructure of additively made Ti-6Al-4V alloys. At temperatures of 900 °C, the grain structure was evenly polished, and an almost complete phase shift to a face-centered cubic (FCC) shape was observed.
Electronic and Structural Analysis of TMD/BP Heterostructures: Insights from Raman Spectroscopy, SEM, and Correlative Probe Electron Microscopy
Authors: N Ashlin Deepa R , Saini Neha , Taneja Madhur , Sharma Vishal , Gupta Tannmay , Rana Jyoti
Published: November 2024

The current study was designed in order to study the electrical and structural properties of heterostructures of TMD and BP through Raman spectrum mapping technique, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Correlative Probe electron microscopy (CPEM). Single and few layer heterostructures were prepared by mechanical exfoliation and transferred onto a silicon substrate by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) transfer method. Optical and CPD mapping manifested increased signal intensity at the edges of the flake, and Raman spectroscopy indicated definite electron density near the fringes of the flake. In this system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies performed employing a range of accelerating voltages have supported the presence of electronic domains within the heterostructures especially at their borderlines. The CPEM analysis showed a significant correlation between the topographical and electronic contrast, where the former was attributed to an intense accumulation of electrons at the edge of the flake and not due to structural flaws. These results highlight the fact that TMD/BP heterostructures possess relatively unique electrical properties and may be suitable for future optoelectronic applications.
Innovative Utilization of Fly Ash in Geotechnical Engineering: An Analytical Review Supported by Extensive Geotechnical Testing
Authors: Saraswat Vivek , Pandey Noopur , Sharma Prashant , Singh Harminder , Negi Anup Singh , Reddy K. Sunil Kumar , Verma Amit , Hassan Muntather M.
Published: November 2024

Extensive study has been conducted on the use of fly ash as an additive in soil and geotechnical engineering projects due to its capacity to enhance soil properties and the efficacy of geotechnical structures. Various fly ash samples had distinct elemental compositions; nevertheless, the chemical analysis indicated that Sample 3 possessed the highest silica content (55%), which corresponded with enhanced pozzolanic reactivity. The physical property tests revealed significant disparities; for instance, Sample 2 exhibited the smallest particles at 18 microns, but Sample 5 had the highest specific gravity at 2.5. This indicates that the qualities of the soil may alter when mixing these samples. The maximum dry density climbed to 2050 kg/m³, and the cohesive strength to 25 kPa with higher quantities of fly ash, as shown by geotechnical testing findings, which also revealed trends in shear strength parameters and compaction characteristics with varying fly ash concentrations. These findings underscore the potential of fly ash in geotechnical applications for soil stabilization, compaction enhancement, and load-bearing capacity augmentation. Optimizing soil behavior becomes feasible via the judicious use of fly ash, as shown by the enhancements in soil engineering properties found. Fly ash may be used in a few geotechnical applications, yet proper evaluation of its composition and physical properties, any adverse environmental and structure interaction with time must be made before applying the product. The present research focuses on the fly ash as the soil adding material and the direction of its activating material to the geotechnical built environment contributes significant knowledge of its application.
Hybrid Optimization of Process Parameters in Manual Metal Arc Welding for Nanostructured Hard facing
Authors: Kumar P. Ravi , Sathish S. , Prasad A.V.S. Ram , J Gowthaman , Ramaswamy R. , Aggarwal Saurabh , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh
Published: November 2024

AISI 310 stainless steel and EN24 steel were welded together using Manual Metal Arc Welding. Minitab and Design Expert software were applied to predict and optimize the results for bead width (BW) and weld penetration (PE). Total of 30 experiments were conducted according to the Box-Behnken design in RSM. Four different welding parameters current, voltage, welding speed, and root gap were employed to examine their effects on output values. The optimal conditions for BW were determined using the SN ratio, leading to an optimal parameter combination of C1-V4-W4-R4. This combination corresponds to a current of 75A, a voltage of 18V, a welding speed of 50 mm/min, and a root gap of 3 degrees. The optimal parameter value obtained from the Design Expert software were used to find the BW and PE to evaluate the weld quality. Under the optimal conditions, the supreme BW achieved was 13.994 mm, while the extreme PE reached 4.43976 mm, indicating satisfactory weld quality.
Antecedents and Consequences of User Satisfaction in Measurement of The Successful Implementation of Institution Level Financial Application System (SAKTI)
Authors: Fathmaningrum Erni Suryandari , Intani Ezadhea Cherry Aura
Published: November 2024

This research aims to measure the level of success in implementing SAKTI in the Work Unit Office which is one of the vertical units of the Directorate General of Treasury, Ministry of Finance. The procedure is carried out by analysing the factors that influence the success of information system implementation based on TAM theory and referring to the [1] information system success model. The type of data in this research is primary data using a questionnaire method. The subjects of this research are implementing employees who use the SAKTI application in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The sampling method in this research used a purposive sampling technique. This research derived four hypothesis which were tested using the SEM-PLS analysis tool via the smartPLS v4.0 application. The results of this research show that information quality and service quality have a positive effect on user satisfaction, while system quality has no effect on user satisfaction. Then user satisfaction has a positive effect on net benefits.
A Review: The Effect of Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence, Love of Money and Ethical Sensitivity on Students’ Ethical Perceptions Regarding the Code of Ethics for the Accountant Profession
Authors: Susilawati Desi , Diwanti Dyah Pikanthi , Turidho Resma Kurnia , Polanunu Ummul Ulya , Nuryaningrum Aninda
Published: November 2024

The present study analyzes the effect of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, love of money, and ethical sensitivity on students’ ethical perceptions regarding the code of ethics of the accounting profession. This research uses a quantitative method with secondary data and employs the purposive sampling technique from a population of students who have taken auditing courses. The number of samples used in this research was 106 respondents. The obtained data was evaluated using a multiple linear regression analysis. This research’s findings indicate that emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and ethical sensitivity positively influence students’ ethical perceptions regarding the accounting profession’s code of ethics. Conversely, having a love-for-money mindset has a negative impact on students’ moral understanding of the code of ethics in the accounting profession. The factors that influence the ethical perception of the code of ethics are emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence, and love of money. Low levels of love of money tends to work less satisfactorily. Even the level of love of money also affects unethical behavior. Unethical behavior can be fortified with religious intelligence and fear of God Almighty.
Analysis of Switching Intention in Digital Payment Services: Case Study of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Wiranatakusuma Dimas Bagus , Wahyudi Aliffian Fadhlih , Muttaqin Ecky Imamul , Aprizal Anggi
Published: November 2024

Mobile payment services like OVO and digital wallets have become increasingly popular in today’s fast-paced technology environment. Using the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework, this study investigates the factors that lead students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) to migrate from alternative fintech payment systems to OVO. Purposive sampling was used to gather data from 400 respondents, and SPSS Version 21.0 was used for multiple regression analysis. The results show that switching intentions are strongly encouraged by both push and pull effects, with the former encouraging consumers to abandon other services and the latter drawing them to OVO. On the other hand, the anchoring effect acts as a significant disincentive, encouraging consumers to stick with their existing mobile payment providers. This implies that OVO’s attractiveness to UMY students is comparable to other options while still being competitive. In the very competitive fintech sector, mobile payment companies need to constantly innovate and improve the quality of their services to keep users.
The Role of Forward-Looking Disclosure in the Relationship of R&D Expenditure and Firm Value: Testing Agency and Signaling Theories
Authors: Presccilia Angel , Widiastuti Harjanti
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of Research and Development (R&D) expenditure on firm value with forward-looking disclosure as a moderating variable. This study used a sample of 124 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019 2022. Data analysis used panel data regression. The results showed that R&D expenditure has a positive effect on firm value. However, this study found that forward-looking disclosure does not moderate the relationship between R&D expenditure and firm value.
Employee intentions to adopt blockchain technology in accounting information systems in Local government: Testing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
Authors: Sofyani Hafiez , Murtin Alek , Juanda  , Utami Tiyas Puji , Putra Adli Zuliansyah
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the intention to adopt blockchain technology (BT) in accounting information systems (AIS) within Indonesian local governments, utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The research focuses on four key UTAUT determinants: facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, social influence, and trust. Using a survey of 295 local government employees involved in financial management, the study applied Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-PLS) to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that facilitating conditions and trust drive the intention to adopt BT in AIS. At the same time, performance expectancy and social influence have no significant impact. These findings emphasize the critical role of establishing adequate infrastructure and enhancing employee trust to ensure successful BT adoption in AIS within Indonesian local governments.
Financial Performance of Logistics Companies: Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability Ratios at PT. Jet-Logistik in Yogyakarta
Authors: Jatmiko Bambang , Putra Wahyu Manuhara , Laras Titi , Ardhi Kholifah Fil , Sukardi
Published: November 2024

The aims of this research are: a) to empirically test the liquidity ratio of PT. Jet-Logistik do Yogyakarta; To empirically test the solvency and profitability ratio of PT. Jet-Logistik do Yogyakarta; Apart from that, during the pre-survey, problem a) was discovered. Difficulty Checking Delivery Receipts; b). Goods Not Arrived; c). Error in information on shipping method; d). Damaged Goods on the Road; e). Confusing Claims Process. This research method uses a mixed method. The research results show: a). PT. Jet-Logistik shows that the company is illiquid because the company is unable to cover the company’s current liabilities; b). PT, JetLogistik is not solvable because the capital owned by the company is not able to cover debts to external parties and when measured using the debt to asset ratio it shows that the company is solvable because the total assets owned by the company are able to cover its debts. company; c). PT. JetLogistik shows that the company is not profitable because the profits obtained from the capital used for operations have not produced profits that are lower than the company’s internal average.
Has the Voluntary Disclosure Program Run Optimally? Insights from a Primary Tax Office in Wates
Authors: Dewi Wulaningrum Puspita , Kusumastuti Wardana Linda , Shujahat Ali , Nafiati Lulu , Cici Setyaningrum
Published: November 2024

This research aims to increase taxpayer compliance with the voluntary disclosure program and to determine whether the voluntary disclosure program carried out by the Pratama Wates Tax Office is running optimally. The data used in this research were the results of interviews with 16 respondents: taxpayers, extension teams, and account representatives, as well as 32 respondents from taxpayer questionnaires. The data analysis technique used qualitative methods to analyze the level of taxpayer compliance with the voluntary disclosure program. The research results show that ways to improve this voluntary disclosure program can be achieved through socialization, sanction, and knowledge, so intense and comprehensive socialization and more emphasis on sanction and program benefits must be emphasized. High tariff sanctions will give taxpayers a sense of fear and deterrence so that taxpayers will be more compliant. Taxpayers’ knowledge must always be explored in various ways, such as regular outreach and providing comprehensive and even information. This is implied by the installation of billboards, appeal letters, special consultation places, potential stands, and distribution via email, WhatsApp, and Instagram. The voluntary disclosure program carried out by Pratama Wates Tax Office has been running less than optimally.
Felt Accountability and Managerial Performance: The Moderation Effects of Organizational Commitment and Work Motivation (Empirical Study on Medical Managers of Community Health Centers in Pemalang Regency)
Authors: Munasifa Naelal , Pratolo Suryo
Published: November 2024

This research aims to scrutinize the effect of felt accountability on managerial performance with organizational commitment and work motivation as moderating variables. This test employed managerial performance as the dependent variable, organizational commitment and work motivation as moderating variables, and felt accountability as the independent variable. The samples used were from the medical managers of community health centers in Pemalang Regency. While the type of data used in this research was primary data, the sampling method utilized was purposive sampling. After performing the questionnaire distribution process, a sample of 53 respondents was obtained. Hypothesis testing in this study was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) utilizing the SmartPLS application version 4.0.9.5. The research findings revealed that felt accountability exerted a positive and significant effect on managerial performance. Organizational commitment strengthened the influence of felt accountability on managerial performance. In comparison, work motivation did not moderate the effect of felt accountability on managerial performance.
Human Resource Safety Reporting in Annual Reports of Textile Companies: A Study from Indonesia
Authors: Jahid Md. Abu , Wahyuni Fitri , Garad Askar
Published: November 2024

The frequency of Occupational illnesses, injuries, and accidents has increased recently, becoming a significant problem in developing countries. This research examines the Level of Human Resource Safety Reports (HRSR) and the type of reporting based on the GRI 2018 safety guidelines constructed reporting index checklist. The empirical study is analysed based on the evidence from annual reports of textile firms listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2022 for five years. The study findings empirically show that adopting GRI human resource safety guidelines contributes to better safety performance for textile firms in Indonesia in the short term and is gradually increasing. Overall, for all the periods reported on average, approximately 3.57 percent of the item keywords reported the HRSR index in the annual reports, and the number of keywords is approximately 14.69 percent of the HRSR index. The nonfinancial keywords reporting for the sample firms reported an average of approximately 4.71 percent, and the total word average was approximately 44.52 percent of the HRSR index. Longitudinal studies are necessary, while industry-specific research can create customized frameworks. The identification of best practices can be achieved by examining the impact of corporate governance and the function of technology in reporting.
Zwischen Vernunft und Vergnügen – Dark Side of Occupation
Authors: Gätz Natalie
Published: November 2024

Natalie Gätz untersuchte in ihrer Masterarbeit, welche Bedeutung die Betätigung Rauchen für Menschen mit COPD hat und wie Betroffene diese erleben. Der Artikel beleuchtet, warum es wichtig ist, Betätigungen nicht zu bewerten und gesundheitsbezogener Stigmatisierung und eigenen Vorurteilen kritisch zu begegnen.
Sich selbst blind vertrauen lernen – Sehstörung
Authors: Federle Miriam , Hallmanns Achim
Published: November 2024

Während ihrer Ausbildung zur Augenoptikerin erkennt Miriam, dass das Gelernte auf sie selbst zutrifft: Retinopathia pigmentosa. Ein Schock. Innerhalb kürzester Zeit erblindet sie und erlebt einen immensen Verlust ihrer Handlungsfähigkeit. Mithilfe ihres Therapeuten Achim erkämpft sie sich ein neues Leben. Eine ergotherapeutische Erfolgsgeschichte.
Fachweiterbildung Intensiv- und Anästhesiepflege goes Pflegewissenschaft
Authors: Coolens Oliver , Altamore Cristina , Bachmann Elena , Damitz Ronja , Demir Pinar , Kunz Robin , Pregizer Natascha , Randecker Jana , Kaltwasser Arnold
Published: November 2024

Das Messen des Cuffdrucks mittels Cuffdruckmanometer gehört zu den täglichen Aufgaben von Pflegenden in der Betreuung invasiv beatmeter Menschen auf Intensivstationen. Ob und wie sich dabei der Cuffdruck verändern kann, hat eine Gruppe von Kursteilnehmenden in der Fachweiterbildung I & A untersucht.
Aktive Überwachung beim nicht muskelinvasiven Blasenkarzinom
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: November 2024

Für low-grade nicht muskelinvasive Blasenkarzinome (LG-NMIBC) bietet sich angesichts ihrer guten Überlebensprognose eine aktive Überwachung an. Ziel ist dabei der Erhalt der Lebensqualität durch die Reduktion chirurgischer Interventionen bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Tumorprogressionsrisikos. Wie lassen sich Personen identifizieren, die sich auch nach einem Rezidiv für ein Fortführen der aktiven Überwachung eignen?
Zwischen Schulgeld und Ausbildungsvergütung – Finanzierung der
Schulen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Sandeck Florian , Hanke-Szymczak Alina , Ziegler Janna
Published: November 2024

Einleitung Die Schulen im Gesundheitswesen nehmen eine besondere Rolle in
der Struktur des deutschen Bildungssystems ein. Neben öffentlichen Schulen
existiert der überwiegende Anteil der Schulen in freier Trägerschaft als Ersatz-
oder Ergänzungsschulen. Viele Schulen sind direkt an ein Krankenhaus (KH)
angesiedelt. Andere agieren finanziell unabhängig von KH und schließen
Kooperationsverträge mit entsprechenden Einrichtungen für die praktische
Ausbildung. In diesem Artikel werden die Unterschiede zwischen öffentlichen
Schulen, Ersatz- und Ergänzungsschulen im Gesundheitswesen erklärt und
spezieller Bezug auf deren Finanzierung genommen. Außerdem wird aufgezeigt,
welche Auswirkungen die Ansiedlung einer Schule an einem KH mit sich bringt.

Methodik Die Informationen zu den Schularten wurden über
Expert:inneninterviews, sowie durch das Sichten von Gesetzestexten
generiert.

Ergebnisse Als Basis werden die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen beleuchtet
und für die Therapieberufe beispielhaft konkretisiert. Rechtsgrundlage bilden
Teile des Grundgesetzes. Die Finanzierung der öffentlichen Schulen ist
gesetzlich geregelt und wird vom jeweiligen Land bzw. der Gemeinde o.Ä.
getragen. Dies gilt auch für öffentliche Schulen im Gesundheitswesen. Auch für
Ersatz- und Ergänzungsschulen die unter das Krankenhausfinanzierungsgesetz (KHG)
fallen, gibt es einheitliche Vorgaben. Auszubildende in Therapieberufen erhalten
eine Vergütung, wenn deren Schulen mit einem KH kooperieren, die entsprechende
Tarifeinigungen geschlossen haben. Private Schulen die nicht an den
Ausbildungsfonds des KHG angeschlossen sind, müssen auf alternative
Finanzierungsquellen zurückgreifen. Die wirtschaftliche Leistungserbringung ist
oft erschwert und führt somit schlussendlich dazu, dass ein Schulgeld
eingefordert werden muss.

Schlussfolgerung Die unterschiedlichen landesspezifischen Regelungen
tragen dazu bei, dass die Finanzierung in der Ausbildungslandschaft des
Gesundheitswesens unübersichtlich und teilweise unverständlich erscheint. Eine
Schulgeldfreiheit kann daher nach den derzeit bestehenden Gesetzen nicht in
jedem Land bzw. an jeder Schule gewährleistet werden. Es bleibt demnach
abzuwarten, ob und wann sich an der Sonderrolle der Gesundheitsberufe im
deutschen Bildungssystem etwas verändert, so dass eine eindeutige und
einheitliche Finanzierung der Ausbildungslandschaft in den Gesundheitsberufen
für alle transparent und nachvollziehbar wird.
Etablierte Therapien und „New Kids on the Block“
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: November 2024

Die World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC 2024) ist der weltweit größte Kongress über Malignome des Brustraumes, vor allem Lungenkarzinomen. Rund 7000 Teilnehmer*innen trafen sich kürzlich in San Diego auf der 50. Jahrestagung der Fachgesellschaft. Vor allem die zahlreichen vorgestellten neuen Studiendaten zur Therapie des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) und des fortgeschrittenen (extensive stage) kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (ES-SCLC) zeigen eine gut gefüllte Forschungspipeline in diesen Indikationen. Eine kleine Auswahl.
Von disseminierten Tumorzellen zur ctDNA – Liquid Biopsies im Mammakarzinom und die Erkenntnisse der letzten 20 Jahre
Authors: Pfister Kerstin , Huesmann Sophia , Fink Angelina , Schäffler Henning , Heublein Sabine , Rack Brigitte , Janni Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

Liquid Biopsies, blutbasierte Biomarker, haben einen immer größer werdenden Stellenwert in der Überwachung und Therapiesteuerung onkologischer Erkrankungen erreicht. Beim frühen Mammakarzinom gehen dem bildgebend nachgewiesen Lokal- oder Fernrezidiv oft monate- bis jahrelang Tumorresiduen voraus (minimale Resterkrankung, MRD), welche durch die immer sensitiver werdenden Methoden nachgewiesen werden können. Den aktuell größten klinischen Stellenwert haben zirkulierende Tumorzellen und freie Tumor-DNA. Eine bessere Überwachung im Sinne einer intensivierten Nachsorge kann ein neues Therapiefenster zwischen der frühen Brustkrebserkrankung und der metastasierten Situation eröffnen. Durch eine post-adjuvante Therapie kann so die Prognose der Patient*innen potenziell deutlich verbessert werden.
Das Forschungsfeld der Uro-Onkologie ausloten
Authors: Willen Christine
Published: November 2024

Anlässlich des 76. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU) in Leipzig wurden unter anderem aktuelle Trends im Forschungsfeld der Uro-Onkologie vorgestellt und Strahlentherapie-bedingte Nebenwirkungen und deren Minimierung diskutiert.
Special Section on Patient-Reported Outcomes and Informatics: Collection of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Rural and Underserved Populations
Authors: Cheville Andrea L. , Patil Crystal , Boyd Andrew D , Crofford Leslie , Dailey Dana , de Martelly Victoria , Del Fiol Guilherme , Ezenwa Miriam , Faurot Keturah , Knisely Mitch , McLeod Kaitlyn , Morone Natalia , O’Brien Emily , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa , Sluka Kathleen , Staman Karen , Thackeray Anne , Zigler Christina , Schlaeger Judith
Published: November 2024

The NIH Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory supports the design and conduct of 31 embedded pragmatic clinical trials, and many of these trials use patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to provide valuable information about their patients’ health and wellness. Often these trials enroll medically underserved patients, including people with incomes below the federal poverty threshold, racial or ethnically minoritized groups, or rural or frontier communities. In this series of trial case reports, we provide lessons learned about collecting PROMs in these populations. The unbiased collection of PROM data is critical to increase the generalizability of trial outcomes and to address health inequities. Use of electronic health records (EHRs) and other digital modes of PROM administration have gained traction. However, engagement with these modes is often low among disparities prone populations due to lessened digital proficiency, device access, and uptake of EHR portals and web interfaces. To maximize the completeness and representativeness of their trial outcome data, study teams tested a range of strategies to improve PROM response rates with emphasis on disparities prone and underserved patient groups. This manuscript describes the approaches, their implementation, and the targeted populations. Optimized PROM collection required hybrid approaches with multiple outreach modes, high-touch methods, creativity in promoting digital uptake, multi-modal participant engagement, and text messaging.
Feasibility of modified double-layered suturing for a large mucosal defect after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (origami method)
Authors: Masunaga Teppei , Sasaki Motoki , Murata Shoma , Imura Yuri , Minezaki Daisuke , Tojo Anna , Sakurai Hinako , Iwata Kentaro , Miyazaki Kurato , Mizutani Mari , Nishikawa Michiko , Akimoto Teppei , Takatori Yusaku , Kawasaki Shintaro , Matsuura Noriko , Tomida Hideomi , Nakayama Atsushi , Sujino Tomohisa , Takabayashi Kaoru , Yahagi Naohisa , Kato Motohiko
Published: November 2024

A modified double-layered suturing procedure (origami method; OGM) can achieve robust closure, even for large mucosal defects, by folding the muscle layer using through-the-scope clips. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of OGM in duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

This retrospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. We reviewed cases of OGM attempted after duodenal ESD between June 2022 and April 2023. We excluded lesions located in the duodenal bulb or involving the major papilla. We measured the clinical characteristics and outcomes.

OGM was attempted in 28 cases after duodenal ESD. The median mucosal defect size was 38 mm (range 26−110). Complete closure was achieved in 27 cases (96%), including the largest lesion. The median closure time was 16 minutes. There were no perforations caused by clips. Delayed perforation and bleeding were not observed. Among 28 cases, 21 underwent follow-up endoscopy 3–5 days after ESD, and the muscle layer remained folded in all cases.

OGM achieved a high rate of complete closure even after duodenal ESD. Closure with OGM was robust enough to maintain the folded muscle layer for at least 3 days postoperatively.
Olefination of Activated Alkyl Halides with Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Roediger Sven , Vieira Adriana Neves , Morandi Bill , Brudy Cosima L. , Trabesinger Mischa , Hübscher Jan
Published: November 2024

A base-promoted olefination reaction between alkylphosphonium salts and activated alkyl halides has been developed. The products were obtained in excellent E-selectivity. In contrast to most other olefination reactions of phosphonium salts, the reaction yields triphenylphosphine as the main by-product, which can be directly reused in the formation of new phosphonium salts.
Decoding aging and cognitive functioning through spatiotemporal EEG patterns: Introducing spatiotemporal information-based similarity analysis
Authors: Wan Wang , Gao Zhilin , Gu Zhongze , Peng Chung-Kang , Cui Xingran
Published: November 2024

Exploring spatiotemporal patterns of high-dimensional electroencephalography (EEG) time series generated from complex brain system is crucial for deciphering aging and cognitive functioning. Analyzing high-dimensional EEG series poses challenges, particularly when employing distance-based methods for spatiotemporal dynamics. Therefore, we proposed an innovative methodology for multi-channel EEG data, termed as Spatiotemporal Information-based Similarity (STIBS) analysis. The core of this method is to first perform state space compression of multi-channel EEG time series using global field power, which can provide insight into the dynamic integration of spatiotemporal patterns between the steady states and non-steady states of brain. Subsequently, we quantify the pairwise differences and non-randomness of spatiotemporal patterns using an information-based similarity analysis. Results demonstrated that this method holds the potential to serve as a distinguishing marker between young and elderly on both pairwise differences and non-randomness indices. Young individuals and those with higher cognitive abilities exhibit more complex macrostructure and non-random spatiotemporal patterns, whereas both aging and cognitive decline lead to more randomized spatiotemporal patterns. We further extended the proposed analytics to brain regions adversarial STIBS (bra-STIBS), highlighting differences between young and elderly, as well as high and low cognitive groups. Furthermore, utilizing the STIBS-based XGBoost model yields superior recognition accuracy in aging (93.05%) and cognitive functioning (74.29%, 64.19%, and 80.28%, respectively, for attention, memory, and compatibility performance recognition). STIBS-based methodology not only contributes to the ongoing exploration of neurobiological changes in aging but also provides a powerful tool for characterizing the spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics of the brain and their implications for cognitive functioning.
Beryllium–tungsten graded density inner shells in double shell capsules for improved hydrodynamic stability
Authors: Stark D. J. , Loomis E. N. , Sauppe J. P. , Vazirani N. N. , Palaniyappan S. , Bradley P. A. , Rasmus A. , Robey H. F. , Haines B. M. , Merritt E. C. , Sacks R. F. , Sagert I. , Keiter P. A.
Published: November 2024

The outer surface of the high-Z inner shell in the double shell configuration of inertial confinement fusion experiments experiences Rayleigh–Taylor instability growth during the implosion process due to inverted density and pressure gradients between a highly compressed foam interstitial layer and the accelerating dense inner shell. Graded density layers have long been known to reduce instability growth rates. In this study, we employ high-fidelity radiation hydrodynamic simulations to demonstrate this improved stability when grading beryllium into tungsten. We first characterize the response to L-band preheat of these layers using a newly calibrated radiation drive. While graded layer capsules suffer reduced performance (here, measured as DD neutron yield from a CD foam fuel) in 1D simulations due to reduced kinetic energy coupling and reduced fuel compression, they suffer less of a performance drop when 2D instabilities are accounted for. With the improved stability of graded layers, we explore the performance of capsules with larger fuel radii and thinner shells as a preliminary study to find new designs in which graded layers produce the highest yields.
Demonstration of a container-less method for investigating high-temperature alloy properties using ED-XRD
Authors: McKay Frank , Bergeron Kane , Roy Amitava , Britt S. Thomas , SanSoucie Michael P. , Phillips Brandon S. , Raush Jonathan , Sprunger Phillip T.
Published: November 2024

As new alloys are being developed for additive manufacturing (AM) applications, questions related to the temperature-dependent structural and compositional stability of these alloys remain. In this work, the benefits and limitations of a unique method for testing this stability are presented. This system employs the use of polychromatic synchrotron light to perform energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (ED-XRD) on an electrostatically levitated sample at high temperatures. In comparison with a traditional angular-dispersive setup, the container-less electrostatic levitation method has unique advantages, including quicker acquisition times, simultaneous compositional information through fluorescence emissions, a reduction in background noise, and, importantly, concurrent/subsequent measurement of thermophysical properties. This combined method is ideal for phase transition studies by holding the levitated sample at a stable position and temperature through controlled heating and temperature management. To illustrate these capabilities, we show ED-XRD data of the well-known martensitic phase transition (hcp to bcc) in Ti–6Al–4V. In addition, results from the novel alloy Ni51Cu44Cr5 are presented. This alloy is shown to maintain an fcc structure upon heating. However, the concentration of Cu is reduced at high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the lattice constant. As concurrent thermophysical properties are probed, these preliminary structure and composition experiments demonstrate the capabilities of this technique to determine the composition–processing–structure–properties of metal alloys for AM.
Two methods to analyze radial diffusion ensembles: The perils of space- and time-dependent diffusion
Authors: Bentley S. N. , Stout J. R. , Thompson R. L. , Ratliff D. J. , Watt C. E. J.
Published: November 2024

Particle dynamics in Earth's outer radiation belt can be modeled using a diffusion framework, where large-scale electron movements are captured by a diffusion equation across a single adiabatic invariant, L*(L). While ensemble models are promoted to represent physical uncertainty, as yet there is no validated method to analyze radiation belt ensembles. Comparisons are complicated by the domain dependent diffusion, since diffusion coefficient DLL is dependent on L. We derive two tools to analyze ensemble members: time to monotonicity tm and mass/energy moment quantities N,E. We find that the Jacobian (1/L2) is necessary for radiation belt error metrics. Components of ∂E/∂t are explicitly calculated to compare the effects of outer and inner boundary conditions, and loss, on the ongoing diffusion. Using tm, N, and E, we find that: (a) different physically motivated choices of outer boundary condition and location result in different final states and different rates of evolution; (b) the gradients of the particle distribution affect evolution more significantly than DLL; (c) the enhancement location, and the amount of initial background particles, are both significant factors determining system evolution; (d) loss from pitch-angle scattering is generally dominant; it mitigates but does not remove the influence of both initial conditions and outer boundary settings, which are due to the L-dependence of DLL. We anticipate that this study will promote renewed focus on the distribution gradients, on the location and nature of the outer boundary in radiation belt modeling, and provide a foundation for systematic ensemble modeling.
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-decorated In2O3 synaptic transistors for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Sadiq Muhammad Irfan , Jin Chenxing , Wang Jingwen , Shi Xiaofang , Liu Wanrong , Aslam Fawad , Xu Yunchao , Tahir Muhammad , Yang Junliang , Sun Jia
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) are promising materials for electronic devices due to their variable bandgap and structural stability. Here, we integrate N-CQDs into In2O3 synaptic transistors with electrolyte gating, resulting in a hybrid structure. The surface functional groups and defects of N-CQDs empower the charge trapping mechanism, permitting controlled conduction and charge regulation, which are crucial for emulating linear and symmetric artificial synaptic devices. Devices incorporating N-CQDs demonstrate enhanced stability and memory characteristics, low energy consumption, consistent retention, and a significant hysteresis window across multiple voltage cycles. Finally, the study emulates biological synapses and cognitive functions, achieving an energy consumption of 10 fJ per synaptic event and a pattern recognition accuracy of 91.2% on the MNIST dataset in hardware neural networks. This work demonstrates the potential of well-manipulating charge trapping in N-CQDs to develop high-performance, nonvolatile synaptic devices.
Calculating linear and nonlinear multi-ensemble slow collective variables for protein folding
Authors: Wu Mincong , Liao Jun , Meng Fanjun , Chen Changjun
Published: November 2024

Traditional molecular dynamics simulation of biomolecules suffers from the conformational sampling problem. It is often difficult to produce enough valid data for post analysis such as free energy calculation and transition path construction. To improve the sampling, one practical solution is putting an adaptive bias potential on some predefined collective variables. The quality of collective variables strongly affects the sampling ability of a molecule in the simulation. In the past, collective variables were built with the sampling data at a constant temperature. This is insufficient because of the same sampling problem. In this work, we apply the standard weighted histogram analysis method to calculate the multi-ensemble averages of pairs of time-lagged features for the construction of both linear and nonlinear slow collective variables. Compared to previous single-ensemble methods, the presented method produces averages with much smaller statistical uncertainties. The generated collective variables help a peptide and a miniprotein fold to their near-native states in a short simulation time period. By using the method, enhanced sampling simulations could be more effective and productive.
Evaluation of the cross sections and photoelectron angular distribution parameters following atomic photoionization under extreme conditions
Authors: Chen Zhan-Bin
Published: November 2024

In this manuscript, we report on a theoretical study of the atomic structures, cross sections, and photoelectron angular distribution parameters following the atomic photoionization under extreme conditions. To achieve this goal, a relativistic approach using the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian within the framework of relativistic configuration interaction, taking advantage of independent particle basis wave functions, is proposed. To describe the interaction of charged particles in the ideal and non-ideal plasmas, the Debye potential and the pseudopotential are implemented, the latter being derived from a progressive resolution of the Bogolyubov chain equations. Both bound and continuous state wave functions, essential for a comprehensive understanding of quantum systems, are determined from the modified local central potential, which is obtained in a self-consistent manner to represent the electronic shielding effect on the nuclear potential. The photoionization processes are evaluated using the relativistic distorted wave approach, which is consistent with the principles of relativistic Dirac theory and thus provides an accurate description of the dynamics. As a test desk, the present method is applied to the evaluation of the energies, ionization potentials, wave functions, cross sections, and photoelectron angular distribution parameters, using the single photon ionization of the Li-like Fe XXIV ions as the basis for analysis. Our results demonstrate that the plasma environment effect not only decreases the ionization potentials and increases the cross sections but also affects the photoelectron angular distribution parameters across different shells, leading to a more balanced and symmetrical photoelectron distribution pattern. A detailed comparison is made between our results, and the available well-established theoretical predictions and experimental data of the unshielded case in the literature shows a good agreement. The present work provides novel insights and theoretical models that not only help us to better understand the fundamental properties of the complex systems but are also beneficial for innovative applications in the study of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
Phosphorene junctions as a platform for spin-selective quantum dots in next-generation devices
Authors: Mahdavifar Maryam , Khoeini Farhad , Peeters François M.
Published: November 2024

The impact of vacancies on spin-resolved electronic properties of quantum dots (QDs) in phosphorene-based junctions is investigated numerically. Regardless of the crystal orientation, a phosphorene nanoribbon containing a monovacancy is found to exhibit a topological quasi-flatband that emerges within the bandgap. The electronic properties of QDs, including spatial confinement and energy level distribution, can be strongly tuned by controlling the topological structure of the QDs and by applying electric fields. Additionally, these QDs exhibit remarkable spin-selective properties under a ferromagnetic exchange field, enabling the manipulation of QD features. This opens up the potential for novel applications such as quantum computing, magnetic sensing, spin-based light emission.
A hybrid method for the direct numerical simulation of phase change heat transfer in fluid–particle systems
Authors: Chen Xin , Yin Bifeng , Dong Fei
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a hybrid numerical method for simulating the boiling heat transfer in particle-laden fluids. The coupled volume of fluid and level set method, immersed boundary method, and discrete element method are integrated for gas–liquid flow, fluid–solid interaction, and the collision between particles. The energy jump model is adopted to compute mass transfer during phase change. The height-function technique and improved continuum surface force (CSF) model are coupled to decrease the spurious currents. Multiple validation results are provided to test the effectiveness of all sub-models. The test cases include particle sedimentation, stationary droplets without gravity, bubble rise, droplet spreading on particle surfaces, and bubble growth. The test results are in good agreement with analytical results and previous studies. Notably, the average spurious velocity is reduced to less than 10−5 m/s, which is three orders of magnitude smaller than that obtained by traditional CSF model. Moreover, the hybrid method is employed to explore the boiling heat transfer of particle-laden fluids, thereby further validating its reliability. It was found that particles facilitate bubble detachment and enhance heat transfer.