bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing the potential benefits and complex contingencies of multilevel collective bargaining
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian , BRANDL Bernd , BERTRANOU Fabio , GONTERO Sonia
Published: December 2024

This article reviews the international evidence for economic benefits of multilevel collective bargaining, indicating that the expected gains are highly contingent and depend upon a raft of interlocking enabling conditions. We argue that the process of institutional reform requires that particular attention be paid to four key factors ‐ a country's political commitment to social dialogue, the degree of understanding of the complex institutional architecture of collective bargaining, the prioritizing of inclusive democratic representation and the resources available to invest in the capacities of workers' and employers' organizations. The article concludes by setting out key policy issues.
Mettre en œuvre la négociation collective à plusieurs niveaux: avantages attendus et conditions de réussite
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian , BRANDL Bernd , BERTRANOU Fabio , GONTERO Sonia
Published: December 2024

Les auteurs passent en revue les données internationales sur les avantages économiques de la négociation collective à plusieurs niveaux, en montrant que les bénéfices attendus sont très incertains, car subordonnés à un ensemble de facteurs imbriqués. Ils estiment que, avant d'engager un processus de réforme institutionnelle, il convient de s'assurer que quatre conditions sont réunies: l'attachement du pays au dialogue social, une bonne compréhension de l'architecture institutionnelle complexe de la négociation collective, la priorité accordée à une représentation démocratique inclusive et des ressources disponibles pour investir dans les capacités des organisations de travailleurs et d'employeurs. Les auteurs concluent en indiquant quelques orientations possibles.
Post‐Christendom Ignorance in Secular Society
Authors: Beauchamp Gilles
Published: December 2024

In banning religious symbols for civil servants in a position of authority, Québec's laicity law disproportionately burdens religious minorities. Nevertheless, politicians seem to somehow avoid this problem, and the law is largely supported by the population. This insensibility to religious discrimination calls for an explanation. I argue that part of the explanation for this unequal treatment of religion in secular society lies in active religious ignorance. Drawing a parallel from how white ignorance functions to protect racial inequalities, I argue that a kind of active ignorance in the religious domain – that I name post‐Christendom ignorance – makes it difficult to comprehend alternative understandings of religious experience and allows the majority to deny its religious positionality. Applying this framework, I criticize Québec's laicity law for wrongfully relying on inadequate hermeneutical resources about religion. Further, the failure to see that targeting only religious symbols worn by individuals is discriminatory is the result of the epistemic vice of closed‐mindedness. This article aims to show how religious persons in secular society can suffer hermeneutical wrongs because of their religious identity, and it aims to show that this injustice in the epistemic domain can help explain the unequal treatment of religious minorities while providing grounds for criticism.
Identifying Patient Safety Competencies for Healthcare Staff Treating Children and Young People With Intellectual Disability in Hospitals: A Delphi Study
Authors: Ong Natalie , Boulton Kelsie , Milne Jacqueline , Tomsic Gail , Guastella Adam , Silove Natalie , Weise Janelle , Long Janet , Walton Merrilyn , Burgess Annette
Published: December 2024

Background

Children and young people with intellectual disability have poor healthcare and are at risk of patient safety events due to lack of staff training and consensus on competencies for safe and quality care. For the adoption of reasonable adjustments in mainstream paediatric healthcare clinical competencies needed to be adapted to an existing patient safety education framework.

Methods

Thirteen experts in intellectual disability health and patient safety participated in an eDelphi survey aimed at reaching consensus on core competencies required of the paediatric healthcare workforce. Four rounds were completed with descriptive and thematic analyses undertaken.

Results

Consensus was achieved for 120 competencies across seven domains. Results highlighted the need for adaptations in all the domains, particularly communication, working safely and specific areas unique to this population.

Conclusion

An adapted framework that addresses competencies for safe and quality care that included reasonable adjustments is critical for improving care for this population.
Experimental and Computational Analysis of Drying Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Indirect and Mixed‐Mode Solar Dried Stevia rebaudiana Leaves
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Tripathy Punyadarshini Punam
Published: December 2024

This study comprehensively investigates the temperature dynamics, fluid flow patterns, and moisture distribution during solar drying of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Drying experiments were conducted using an indirect mode solar dryer (ISD) and mixed‐mode solar dryer (MSD), considering both natural convection mode (NCM) and forced convection mode (FCM). Results revealed that MSD dried the leaves 40.00%–44.44% faster than ISD. Additionally, the average effective moisture diffusivity was 26.73% higher in MSD under NCM, and 34.75%–36.67% higher under FCM compared to ISD. The average mass transfer coefficient in MSD was also significantly higher than in ISD (p < 0.05), ranging from 2.92 × 10−6 to 3.68 × 10−6 m/s, a 25.86%–37.31% increase. The experimental data were evaluated using nine thin‐layer drying models, with the Page and Two‐term exponential models emerging as the best fit based on Akaike increment criteria and Akaike weights. The total color change was significantly higher (p < 0.05) by 35.41% under NCM and 40.17%–76.10% under FCM in MSD compared to ISD, indicating substantial quality and microstructural alterations in stevia due to its interactions with high temperature airflow. The total phenolic content of leaves showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase, ranging from 63.65% to 71.99%, when dried using ISD compared to MSD. The 3D finite element modeling performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software showed strong agreement with the experimental data, offering valuable insights into stevia's drying kinetics and the airflow patterns inside the solar dryer. These observations strongly support the efficacy of the ISD for drying heat sensitive medicinal herb like stevia.
‘Feedback: Now and then’
Authors: Cavaleiro Inês , de Carvalho Filho Marco Antonio
Published: December 2024

Cavaleiro and de Carvalho Filho outline the evolving understanding of feedback in medical education, highlighting its significance while considering future research opportunities.
Uncovering the Significance of JNK/AKT Axis in the Autophagic Regulation of Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Guhe Vrushali , Singh Shailza
Published: December 2024

The role of autophagy in host induced by infection of parasites of the Leishmania genus remains inadequately understood. Leishmania parasites modulate host macrophages to promote its survival by inducing autophagy response in the host cell. In this study, we conducted an investigation of L. major infection, focusing on host autophagy processes where we reconstructed two mathematical models elucidating autophagy induction and inhibition processes and its impact on parasite survival. Our models presented systems modulatory dynamics of the parasite‐mediated host autophagy. Our work highlighted the pivotal role of signaling molecules associated with the immune response which included signaling induced by Toll‐like receptor (TLR), specifically through regulation of JNK and AKT. Both molecules emerged as key regulators of host autophagy process, highlighting that JNK/AKT signaling axis may be a potential avenue for innovative therapeutic approaches in targeting leishmaniasis. Also, ATG16L complex was identified as a critical determinant in shaping the course of leishmanial infection through formation of autophagosomes. Through in vitro analyses in differentiated human monocyte cell line, we observed an increase in nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) concentration upon autophagy inhibition, while autophagy induction resulted in decreased iNOS concentration. This suggested that autophagy induction favors parasite survival in the host, potentially by providing a nutrient source that may be advantageous for the parasite. Inhibition of host autophagy promoted parasite elimination. Hence, our work proposed an avenue for strategically blocking host autophagy which enumerates a targeted approach for combating leishmaniasis.
Ornamentation and body condition, but not glucocorticoids, predict wild songbird cloacal microbiome community and diversity
Authors: Slevin Morgan C. , Houtz Jennifer L. , Vitousek Maren N. , Baldassarre Daniel T. , Anderson Rindy C.
Published: December 2024

Animal populations can exhibit dramatic variation in individual fitness, and microbiota are emerging as a potentially understudied factor influencing host health. Bacterial diversity and community structure of the gut microbiome are associated with many aspects of fitness in animals, but relatively little is known about the generality of these relationships in wild populations and non‐mammalian taxa. We studied the northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis, a member of a taxon that is ecologically important but underrepresented in microbiome research: songbirds. To test for relationships between the microbiota and host fitness, we sampled the cloacal microbiomes of wild cardinals and measured body condition index, assessed coloration of sexual ornaments (beak and plumage), and collected blood to estimate the glucocorticoid response to stress. Both alpha and beta bacterial diversity were related to individual variation in body condition and several sexual ornaments, but not glucocorticoid concentrations. Our results from a free‐living songbird population add to a growing body of research linking avian host fitness to internal bacterial community characteristics. This study sets the stage for manipulative experiments to determine how challenges to fitness and microbiomes may upset these relationships.
Associations of light‐adapted electroretinogram in paediatric amblyopia
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wang Jiajun , Wang Yalan , Jiang Yilin , Zhao Yun‐e
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the light‐adapted (LA) electroretinogram (ERG) associated with paediatric amblyopia.

Method

A total of 220 eyes from 81 postoperative paediatric cataract patients and 29 healthy children were enrolled in four groups, namely controls, unilaterally amblyopic eyes, non‐amblyopic fellow eyes and bilaterally affected eyes. Differences in LA ERG variables (peak time and amplitude of a‐ and b‐waves and photopic negative response [PhNR]) were compared across groups, as well as their associations with visual acuity and changes in axial length.

Results

The peak time of both the a‐wave (p < 0.001) and b‐wave (p < 0.001), as well as the amplitude of the b‐wave (p < 0.001) and the PhNR (p = 0.04) differed significantly across groups. Compared to controls, affected eyes in both unilateral and bilateral groups showed significantly lower b‐wave amplitude and longer a‐ and b‐wave peak times (p < 0.008, Bonferroni‐corrected). Additionally, fellow eyes in the unilateral group exhibited significantly longer b‐wave peak times (p = 0.008). For all eyes, poorer visual acuity was associated with a longer peak time for both the a‐ (p = 0.006) and b‐waves (p = 0.003), as well as lower amplitudes of the b‐wave (p = 0.006) and PhNR (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Changes in LA ERG components suggest alteration of retinal physiology in deprivation amblyopia. Thus, the LA ERG may provide additional information to help understand the mechanisms underlying deprivation amblyopia.
Media Use of Young Children: The Perceptions of Public Health Nurses Working in Child Health Clinics
Authors: Utriainen Siiri , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Lamminpää Reeta
Published: December 2024

Objective

To describe the perceptions of public health nurses (PHNs) working in child health clinics on media use of young children and to investigate what are the perceptions of PHNs on adults’ role in young children's media use.

Design

An electronic cross‐sectional survey with Likert‐scaled and open‐ended questions.

Sample

The total of 183 PHNs working in Finnish child health clinics.

Measurements

Statistical descriptive analysis for Likert‐scaled questions and thematic analysis for open‐ended questions were used.

Results

Most (96.7%) PHNs agreed that media use was very common among young children. According to PHNs, the negative impacts of media use of young children included social, physical, and psychological impacts. The positive impacts included learning, communication, and access to information. PHNs stated that parents were most responsible for intervening in media use of young children, but PHNs have an important role in counseling families on it. Most PHNs (80.9%) stated that parents did not control media use of their children effectively.

Conclusions

PHNs are aware of impacts of media use and its prevalence among young children. They agree to have an important role in counseling families in it. More work in research is needed to improve PHNs’ expertise and resources for them to be able to guide families in young children's media use. A wider perspective from other health care professionals working with families should be studied to constitute multi‐professional understanding.
Assessing the potential risk of human pathogen resistance to medical antifungal treatments arising from agricultural use of fungicides with the same mode of action
Authors: Paveley Neil , van den Bosch Frank , Grimmer Michael
Published: December 2024

A mechanistic basis is described for assessment of resistance risk to medical antifungal treatments from agricultural use of fungicides of the same mode of action. The following need to occur in landscape environments for a risk to be posed by dual use: (i) emergence, whereby a resistant strain emerges by mutation and invasion; (ii) selection, whereby a mutation conferring a fitness advantage is selected for in the presence of fungicide; and (iii) exposure of humans to resistant strains from the landscape, potentially resulting in invasive fungal infection. We identify 20 human pathogens for which there is evidence that all three processes above could, in principle, occur. A model is derived to explore what determines resistance emergence and selection in human pathogens in landscape environments. Knowledge gaps are identified in key parameters. The analysis suggests that emergence and selection were particularly affected by fitness cost associated with the resistance mutation(s) and fungicide concentration. Emergence was also determined by the amount of pathogen reproduction (related to pathogen population size). If fungicide resistance is associated with even a small fitness cost, then environments with low fungicide concentrations, such as field soils, may not be conducive to resistance emergence or selection. These general findings were related to a specific case of observational data from the Netherlands for Aspergillus fumigatus. The analysis supports previous work that compost is towards the high‐risk end of the spectrum for this species. Agricultural soils, nonagricultural land and grassland were lower risk.
Provenance studies and basin evolution: Insight from the Yukon–Koyukuk Basin, Alaska
Authors: Seminara Simone , Pease Victoria , Toro Jaime , Omma Jenny
Published: December 2024

The Yukon–Koyukuk Basin is a wide, triangular depression in northern Alaska that initiated as the consequence of the collision between an intraoceanic arc and the Arctic Alaska margin. It is bordered by the metamorphic terranes of the Seaward Peninsula, the Brooks Range and the Ruby Terrane. The Yukon–Koyukuk Basin is divided into two sub‐basins separated by remnants of the volcanic arc. Two different models have been suggested for its formation. One model interprets the Yukon–Koyukuk Basin to have formed during collision in a forearc–backarc setting, while the other favours an extensional regime that was active after the cessation of collision. To test the two models, ten sedimentary samples from the two stratigraphically lowest units cropping out along the middle reaches of the Koyukuk River were analysed. Point counting and Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy (QEMSCAN®) are used to evaluate sedimentary provenance. This study also presents zircon U–Pb ages from three interbedded tuffaceous layers to better constrain the age of the units. The base of the succession indicates a volcanic source (enriched in clinopyroxene) deposited at ca 138.3 ± 0.8 Ma (2σ), while younger overlying strata are dominated by metamorphic input (enriched in garnet and epidote) reflecting the erosion of the surrounding metamorphic terranes at ca 112.6 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ). The application of a multi‐method provenance approach has been essential in constraining the formation and evolution of the northern Yukon–Koyukuk Basin. This is of significant importance for advancing the understanding of Alaskan geology and for providing insights into modern basins within analogous tectonic settings, such as the Banda Arc in Southeast Asia.
ArMYB89 and ArCOP1 interaction modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Acer rubrum leaves under low‐temperature conditions
Authors: Shah Faheem Afzal , Chen Zhu , Kamal Khan Arif , Zhao Yue , Zhu Zhiyong , Chen Jinhuan , Ren Jie
Published: December 2024

Acer rubrum, a famous ornamental tree, produces bright red‐coloured leaves because of the temperature decline from summer to autumn. This process's molecular mechanism is elusive, so we have investigated how anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced in A. rubrum leaves under low temperatures. The results of low‐temperature treatment under light and dark conditions showed that the low‐temperature promoted anthocyanin accumulation in A. rubrum is light‐dependent. The transcriptome analysis showed that ArMYB89 was significantly highly expressed in leaves of A. rubrum growing under low temperatures with light conditions. The findings from the Dap‐seq analysis, yeast one hybridisation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter assay indicated that the ArMYB89 transcription factor binds directly to the promoter of ArUGT52 and stimulates its transcription. The co‐expression of ArUGT52 with ArMYB89 significantly induced anthocyanin levels under low temperatures with light conditions. Enzyme activity analysis showed that ArUGT52 could convert Cyanidins and Pelargonidins into Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and Pelargonidin 3‐glucoside, which are considered the main anthocyanins in red colour leaves of A. rubrum. The results of yeast two hybridisation, pulldown assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiment showed an interaction between COP1 and ArMYB89, while in vivo and in vitro protein ubiquitination assay demonstrated that ArCOP1 ubiquitinates ArMYB89. Notably, co‐expression of ArCOP1 with ArMYB89 significantly reduced anthocyanin levels, while the virus‐induced gene silencing of ArCOP1 significantly induced anthocyanin levels under low temperatures with light conditions. In conclusion, this work revealed the molecular mechanism regulating anthocyanin accumulation in the A. rubrum leaves under low temperatures.
Mechanism of action of the toxic proline mimic azetidine 2‐carboxylic acid in plants
Authors: Thives Santos William , Dwivedi Varun , Ngoc Duong Ha , Miederhoff Madison , vanden Hoek Kathryn , Angelovici Ruthie , Schenck Craig A.
Published: December 2024

Plants have an amazing capacity to outcompete neighboring organisms for space and resources. Toxic metabolites are major players in these interactions, which can have a broad range of effectiveness by targeting conserved molecular mechanisms, such as protein biosynthesis. However, lack of knowledge about defensive metabolite pathways, their mechanisms of action, and resistance mechanisms limits our ability to manipulate these pathways for enhanced crop resilience. Nonproteogenic amino acids (NPAAs) are a structurally diverse class of metabolites with a variety of functions but are typically not incorporated during protein biosynthesis. Here, we investigate the mechanism of action of the NPAA azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (Aze), an analog of the amino acid proline (Pro). Using a combination of plate‐based assays, metabolite feeding, metabolomics, and proteomics, we show that Aze inhibits the root growth of Arabidopsis and other plants. Aze‐induced growth reduction was restored by supplementing L‐, but not D‐Pro, and nontargeted proteomics confirm that Aze is misincorporated for Pro during protein biosynthesis, specifically on cytosolically translated proteins. Gene expression analysis, free amino acid profiling, and proteomics show that the unfolded protein response is upregulated during Aze treatment implicating that Aze misincorporation results in accumulation of misfolded proteins triggering a global stress response. This study demonstrates the mechanism of action of Aze in plants and provides a foundation for understanding the biological functions of proteotoxic metabolites.
Reversible Glc‐conjugation/hydrolysis modulates the homeostasis of lunularic acid in Marchantia polymorpha growth
Authors: Zhu Ting‐Ting , Xu Yu‐Liang , Ta He , Zhang Jiao‐Zhen , Xu Dan‐Dan , Fu Jie , Hao Yue , Du Ni‐Hong , Cheng Ai‐Xia , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: December 2024

The circadian clock efficiently coordinates growth regulators and plant growth in the temporal regulation of physiological processes. The involvement of the growth‐regulator‐clock in governing the spatio‐temporal regulation of plant growth and development remains unexplained in the nonvascular liverworts. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between the putative liverwort growth regulator lunularic acid (LA) levels and the growth variation of Marchantia polymorpha according to the circadian clock. LA level exhibited a similar circadian rhythm as gemmalings' accelerated growth during the light phase, and UV‐B stress experiments implied that the surge in LA levels at the start of the light phase could serve as a circadian rhythm‐based prediction for preempting UV‐B injury, with LA serving as a protective shield against UV‐B irradiation. Notably, Glc‐conjugation/hydrolysis, buffering the anabolism‐catabolism of endogenous LA, was rhythmically regulated. Furthermore, the reversible conversion between LA and LA‐4′‐O‐glucoside (mediated by glucosyltransferases MpUGT744A1 and β‐glucosidases MpBGLU2/3) was characterized both in vitro and in vivo and evidenced to be relevant to diurnal variation in LA level. Interaction between MpUGT744A1 and MpBGLU2 ensures the efficient metabolic flux between LA and LA‐GE. These findings shed light on the regulatory mechanisms that govern LA metabolism and the importance of understanding the temporal aspects of LA for Marchantia's adaptive response to environmental stressors such as UV‐B radiation.
Establishing a comprehensive web‐based analysis platform for Nicotiana benthamiana genome and transcriptome
Authors: Kurotani Ken‐ichi , Hirakawa Hideki , Shirasawa Kenta , Tagiri Koya , Mori Moe , Ramadan Abedelaziz , Ichihashi Yasunori , Suzuki Takamasa , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , An Jiyuan , Winefield Christopher , Waterhouse Peter M. , Miura Kenji , Nakamura Yasukazu , Isobe Sachiko , Notaguchi Michitaka
Published: December 2024

Nicotiana benthamiana has long served as a crucial plant material extensively used in plant physiology research, particularly in the field of plant pathology, because of its high susceptibility to plant viruses. Additionally, it serves as a production platform to test vaccines and other valuable substances. Among its approximately 3.1 Gb genome, 57 583 genes have been annotated within a 61 Mb region. We created a comprehensive and easy‐to‐use platform to use transcriptomes for modern annotation. These tools allow to visualize gene expression profiles, draw molecular evolutionary phylogenetic trees of gene families, perform functional enrichment analyses, and facilitate output downloads. To demonstrate their utility, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of enzymes within the nicotine biosynthesis pathway, a secondary metabolic pathway characteristic of the Nicotiana genus. Using the developed tool, expression profiles of the nicotine biosynthesis pathway genes were generated. The expression patterns of eight gene groups in the pathway were strongly expressed in the roots and weakly expressed in leaves and flowers of N. benthamiana. The results were consistent with the established gene expression profiles in Nicotiana tabacum and provided insights into gene family composition and expression trends. The compilation of this database tool can facilitate genetic analysis of N. benthamiana in the future.
Skeletal and respiratory muscle blood flow redistribution during submaximal exercise in pulmonary hypertensive rats
Authors: Schulze Kiana M. , Weber Ramona E. , Horn Andrew G. , Hageman K. Sue , Kenney Nathan J. , Behnke Bradley J. , Poole David C. , Musch Timothy I.
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodelling, dyspnoea and exercise intolerance. Key facets of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance include skeletal and respiratory muscle contractile and metabolic disturbances; however, muscle perfusion during exercise has not been investigated. We hypothesized that diaphragm blood flow () would be increased and locomotory muscle would be decreased during submaximal treadmill running in PH rats compared to healthy controls. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were injected (i.p.) with monocrotaline to induce PH (n = 16), or a vehicle control (n = 15). Disease progression was monitored via echocardiography. When moderate disease severity was confirmed, maximal oxygen uptake () tests were performed. Rats were given >24 h to recover, and then fluorescent microspheres were infused during treadmill running (20 m/min, 10% grade; ∼40–50% maximal speed attained during the test) to determine tissue . In PH rats compared with healthy controls, was lower (84 (7) vs. 67 (11) ml/min/kg; P < 0.001), exercising diaphragm was 35% higher and soleus was 28% lower. Diaphragm was negatively correlated with soleus and in PH rats. Furthermore, there was regional redistribution in the diaphragm in PH compared to healthy rats, which may represent or underlie diaphragmatic weakness in PH. These findings suggest the presence of a pathological respiratory muscle blood flow steal phenomenon in PH and that this may contribute to the exercise intolerance reported in patients.

image

Key points

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) impairs exercise tolerance, which is associated with skeletal and respiratory muscle dysfunction.

Increased work of breathing in PH may augment diaphragm blood flow and lower locomotory muscle blood flow during exercise, hindering exercise tolerance.

Our findings demonstrate that respiratory muscle blood flow is increased while the locomotory muscle is decreased in PH compared to healthy rats during exercise, suggesting that blood flow is preferentially redistributed to sustain ventilatory demand.

Furthermore, blood flow is regionally redistributed within the diaphragm in PH, which may underlie diaphragm dysfunction.

Greater respiratory muscle work at a given workload in PH commands higher respiratory muscle blood flow, impairing locomotory muscle oxygen delivery and compromising exercise tolerance, which may be improved by therapeutics which target the diaphragm vasculature.
Comparative analysis of community composition and network structure between phyllosphere endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities of
Mussaenda pubescens
Authors: Chen Deqiang , Yang Juanjuan , Wang Shunfen , Lan Siren , Wang Yonglong , Liu Zhong-Jian , Qian Xin
Published: December 2024

The phyllosphere constitutes a critical habitat for microorganisms, exerting profound influences on host vitality, developmental dynamics, reproductive functions, and stress resilience. However, the diversity and network structure of endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities within this microecosystem have not been thoroughly explored. In this investigation, high-throughput sequencing technologies were employed to assess the diversity, community composition, and network structure of endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities associated with
Mussaenda pubescens
across six geographically distinct locations in Southeast China. The results revealed significant differences in community composition and diversity between endophytic and epiphytic fungi, with pronounced geographical variation observed within these phyllosphere fungal communities. Network analysis indicated that epiphytic fungal networks possess enhanced complexity compared with their endophytic counterparts, although the latter exhibit greater network stability. Moreover, stochastic processes were identified as pivotal in shaping the composition of these fungal communities. This research substantially enriches our comprehension of the diversity and organizational mechanisms of phyllosphere fungal communities, providing novel insights into the modalities of species coexistence and the stability of community equilibrium within ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE

This study employs high-throughput sequencing technologies to explore the fungal communities within the phyllosphere of
Mussaenda pubescens
across Southeast China, offering significant insights into plant mycobiome. It demonstrates geographical variations in these fungal communities, with epiphytic fungi exhibiting more complex interaction networks compared with the endophytic fungi. Crucially, the research indicates that stochastic processes play a substantial role in the composition of fungal communities. These findings enhance our comprehension of plant-associated microecosystems and underscore the intricate interplay of randomness in maintaining ecosystem stability and diversity.
Supplemental Material: Effusive volcanic microcosm of a regional ignimbrite flare-up: Prolonged life cycle of the Chaxas Complex, northern Chile, and its influence on modern volcanic arc character
Authors: Lewis C.T. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Tables S1 contains all data reported here. Figure S1 shows ancillary glass data.
Informal pricing in formal fish markets: evidence from the Solomon Islands
Authors: Higashida Keisaku , Kiyama Shoichi , Otumawu-Apreku Kofi , Yamazaki Satoshi
Published: December 2024

How are fish prices determined in the largest formal market in the Solomon Islands? The Honiara Central Market is the country’s primary fresh produce market, serving as an important conduit between rural food producers and urban consumers. One distinctive characteristic of this market is that despite a diverse range of reef fish species being available, all reef fish are traded nominally as homogeneous goods with no price differentiation. Using transaction-level data collected from the market, we show the prevalence of informal pricing, wherein the unit price of fish is implicitly differentiated based on fish species groups, quality, and buyers’ attributes. This result aligns with our expectation that diverse species groups and qualities are traded in a competitive environment with many vendors and buyers, where reef fish are indeed traded as heterogeneous products. Although fish provide a vital source of food and income for Pacific Island countries, the pricing of this vital natural resource is poorly understood. Our study provides new insights into how fish prices are determined in a formal market within the context of small island developing states.
Effects of rain-shelter cultivation on soil physicochemical properties and kiwifruit yield
Authors: Lan Jianbin , Wu Yimei , Dong Xixi , Shi Lin , Rao Jing , Tang Jianming , Li Qiang
Published: December 2024

In this study, we investigated the differences in soil physical and chemical properties as well as kiwifruit yield, between rain-shelter cultivation (BY) and open-field cultivation (CK) in Southwest China from 2020 to 2021. The results indicated that the BY treatment significantly improved the nutrient supply capacity of the soil and increased fruit yield. Compared with CK, soil moisture, bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content were lower under the BY treatment, whereas soil conductivity, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly higher. Principal component analysis revealed significant differences in the soil physical and chemical properties between the two cultivation methods at each sampling period. Correlation analysis between yield and soil physical and chemical properties showed that except for pH, all indicators were highly correlated with yield ( R2 > 0.87**). The BY treatment significantly increased yield by enhancing soil contents such as soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while reducing water content and bulk density. However, owing to the increase in soil electrical conductivity, there is a potential risk of salinization. To mitigate this, it is essential to supplement the soil with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter to maintain soil health.
Evaluation of the potential of bryophytes to support seedlings development on waste rocks: a mesocosm study
Authors: Malo Samuel , Lamothe Carolane , Laforest-Lapointe Isabelle , Roy Sébastien , Bellenger Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2024

Revegetating waste rocks is essential for re-establishing a functional ecosystem, but it poses significant challenges. Nutrient-poor soil and high exposure to elements cause high seedling mortality in the first year. Survival can be increased by amending soil with organic matter before plantation to improve water retention and nutrient availability. However, this method comes with high environmental and economic costs. Using mesocosms, we tested the use of bryophytes as an alternative to improve seedling survival due to their ability to create a beneficial microclimate with improved soil humidity and increased nutrient availability, especially through biological nitrogen fixation. Two bryophyte species ( Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid., an early succession, and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt., a late succession species) were evaluated with three higher plant species ( Pinus banksiana, Rhododendron groenlandicum, and Populus balsamifera) planted in waste rocks. We further evaluated two distinct techniques for the application of bryophytes on waste rocks: evenly spreading fragments on the soil surface and regrouping the fragments around the higher plant stem. Results showed that Racomitrium canescens fixed significantly more nitrogen than Pleurozium schreberi on waste rock. On the contrary, Pleurozium schreberi released more nitrogen into the soil than Racomitrium canescens, likely due to higher mortality and nutrient loss during drying/rewetting cycles. While the short-term impact of bryophytes on seedlings was limited in this 6-month experiment, results suggest that bryophytes have the potential to support higher plants in the challenging conditions of waste rock revegetation by increasing nitrogen supply to seedlings.

Implications for practice

Strategies for restoring waste rock piles using local plant species and limiting the use of exogenous material, such as organic matter amendment, are essential for responsible management of disturbed sites Including bryophytes in revegetation practices can improve seedlings survival after plantation on waste rocks by increasing the availability of essential nutrients such as nitrogen. Methods for applying bryophyte stems tested here in mesocosms provide a benchmark for future tests on real waste rocks.
Three component coupled fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equations: Diversity of exact optical solitonic structures
Authors: Muhammad Jan , Ali Qasim , Younas Usman
Published: December 2024

Multicomponent-coupled nonlinear Schrodinger-type equations are significant mathematical models that have their origins in numerous disciplines such as the nonlinear optics, theory of deep water waves, plasma physics, and fluid dynamics, and many others. This work is mainly concerned to the study of fractional optical soliton solutions of the truncated fractional three component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger-type system. The study of soliton theory plays a crucial role in the telecommunication industry by the utilization of nonlinear optics. The principal area of research in the field of optical solitons revolves around optical fibers, meta-materials, metasurfaces, magneto-optic waveguides, and other related technologies. Therefore, the observation of these solitons attained significant attention from scholars in recent years. Optical solitons refer to electromagnetic waves that are confined within nonlinear dispersive medium, wherein the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity effects enables the intensity to remain constant. The two recently integration tools, refereed as modified Sardar subequation method and new Kudryashov approach, are under consideration to explore the governing system. In order to solve the system, first a fractional transformation is applied that offers the ordinary differential equation. Then by the assistance of homogeneous balance principle, the suggested methods are applied. We obtain the solutions in different types including mixed, dark, singular, bright–dark, bright, complex and combined solitons. Moreover, the hyperbolic, periodic and exponential function solutions are also extracted. In addition, the effect of fractional parameter has been observed by sketching the different plots. All the obtained solutions in thisTS: Please remove abstract heading study are verified by substitution back into the original equation through the software package Mathematica. The findings demonstrate the efficacy, efficiency and applicability of the computational methods employed. We anticipate that our work will be helpful for a large number of engineering models and other related problems.
Elucidating the Morphology of Partially Lithiated Microscale Silicon Particles using Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Valencia Helen , Rapp Philip , Graf Maximilian , Mayer Joachim , Gasteiger Hubert A.
Published: December 2024

Partial lithiation of silicon active materials for lithium-ion batteries recently gained attention as a promising mitigation strategy for the degradation phenomena associated with the severe volume expansion upon the lithiation, particularly in the case of large, microscale silicon particles. It was suggested that this is caused by the formation of a stabilizing core–shell-like particle structure in the first cycles, consisting of a crystalline core and amorphous silicon shell. In this study, we investigated the microstructure of partially lithiated microscale silicon particles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When observed via TEM, the contrast difference in amorphous and crystalline silicon is utilized to reveal previously lithiated areas inside the silicon microparticle. We investigated the influence of lower cutoff potentials and amorphization progress in half-cells. We also examined the changes over prolonged cycling in full-cells with an NCA cathode after 12 and 243 cycles. Silicon particle pulverization was not observed for any sample, even though we found that substantial parts of the particles’ insides had been lithiated. We suggest that the diffusion of Li along grain boundaries and stacking faults plays an essential part in the amorphization and cycling of microscale Si particles but does not lead to their cracking or pulverization.
Alterations in Gut Microbiota Correlate With Hematological Injuries Induced by Radiation in Beagles
Authors: Huang Zongyu , Wang Likun , Tong Jianghui , Zhao Yong , Ling Hui , Zhou Yazhou , Tan Yafang , Xiong Xiaohui , Qiu Yefeng , Bi Yujing , Pan Zhiyuan , Yang Ruifu
Published: December 2024

Dynamics of gut microbiota and their associations with the corresponding hematological injuries postradiation remain to be elucidated. Using single whole‐body exposure to 60Co‐γ ray radiation at the sublethal dose of 2.5 Gy, we developed a beagle model of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and then monitored the longitudinal changes of gut microbiome and hematology for 45 days. We found that the absolute counts of circulating lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets were sharply declined postradiation, accompanied by a largely shifted composition of gut microbiome that manifested as a significantly increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. In irradiated beagles, alterations in hematological parameters reached a nadir on day 14, sustaining for 1 week, which were gradually returned to the normal levels thereafter. However, no structural recovery of gut microbiota was observed throughout the study. Fecal metagenomics revealed that irradiation increased the relative abundances of genus Streptococcus, species Lactobacillus animalis and Lactobacillus murinus, but decreased those of genera Prevotella and Bacteroides. Metagenomic functions prediction demonstrated that 26 altered KEGG pathways were significantly enriched on Day 14 and 35 postradiation. Furthermore, a total of 43 bacterial species were found to correlate well with hematological parameters by Spearman’s analysis. Our results provide an insight into the longitudinal changes in intestinal microbiota at different clinical stages during ARS in canine. Several key microbes those tightly associated with the hematological alterations may serve as biomarkers to discriminate the different phases of host with ARS.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Discovery of RGT-018: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable SOS1 Inhibitor for KRAS-Driven Cancers
Authors: Xiao Fei , Wang Kailiang , Wang Xinjuan , Li Huijuan , Hu Zhilong , Ren Xiaoming , Huang Wei , Feng Teng , Yao Lili , Lin Jing , Li Chunlai , Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Mei Liufeng , Zhu Xiaotian , Zhong Wenge , Xie Zhi
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure 3
Table S5 from Discovery and Characterization of Brigimadlin, a Novel and Highly Potent MDM2–p53 Antagonist Suitable for Intermittent Dose Schedules
Authors: Gollner Andreas , Rudolph Dorothea , Weyer-Czernilofsky Ulrike , Baumgartinger Rosa , Jung Peter , Weinstabl Harald , Ramharter Jürgen , Grempler Rolf , Quant Jens , Rinnenthal Jörg , Pérez Pitarch Alejandro , Golubovic Bojana , Gerlach Daniel , Bader Gerd , Wetzel Kristiane , Otto Sebastian , Mandl Christian , Boehmelt Guido , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Sini Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Permeability and solubility of brigimadlin.
Supplementary Figure S15 from TR-107, an Agonist of Caseinolytic Peptidase Proteolytic Subunit, Disrupts Mitochondrial Metabolism and Inhibits the Growth of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Giarrizzo Michael , LaComb Joseph F. , Patel Hetvi R. , Reddy Rohan G. , Haley John D. , Graves Lee M. , Iwanowicz Edwin J. , Bialkowska Agnieszka B.
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure S15. TR-107 increases cellular and mitochondrial ROS, leading to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and lipid peroxidation. MITOSOX Red levels were measured in HCT116 (A) and DLD-1 cells (B) over a three-day period. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a positive control. Cellular ROS levels were assessed with DCFDA in HCT116 (C) and DLD-1 cells (D) over a three-day period with doxorubicin (DOX) as a positive control. The mitochondrial membrane permeability was measured using the TMRE assay kit and FCCP as a positive control in HCT116 (E) and DLD-1 cells (F) at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Lipid peroxidation assay was determined using MDA assay using doxorubicin (DOX) as a positive control in HCT116 (G) and DLD-1 cells (H) at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Data are presented as mean ± SD values (N=3). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
Figure S6 from Discovery and Characterization of Brigimadlin, a Novel and Highly Potent MDM2–p53 Antagonist Suitable for Intermittent Dose Schedules
Authors: Gollner Andreas , Rudolph Dorothea , Weyer-Czernilofsky Ulrike , Baumgartinger Rosa , Jung Peter , Weinstabl Harald , Ramharter Jürgen , Grempler Rolf , Quant Jens , Rinnenthal Jörg , Pérez Pitarch Alejandro , Golubovic Bojana , Gerlach Daniel , Bader Gerd , Wetzel Kristiane , Otto Sebastian , Mandl Christian , Boehmelt Guido , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Sini Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Preliminary mean serum GDF15 absolute change from baseline (pg/mL) vs. planned time [h] after administration of 45 mg on Day 1 in Cycle 1 of a Q3W schedule in patients with cancer (n = 27).
Figure S2 from Discovery and Characterization of Brigimadlin, a Novel and Highly Potent MDM2–p53 Antagonist Suitable for Intermittent Dose Schedules
Authors: Gollner Andreas , Rudolph Dorothea , Weyer-Czernilofsky Ulrike , Baumgartinger Rosa , Jung Peter , Weinstabl Harald , Ramharter Jürgen , Grempler Rolf , Quant Jens , Rinnenthal Jörg , Pérez Pitarch Alejandro , Golubovic Bojana , Gerlach Daniel , Bader Gerd , Wetzel Kristiane , Otto Sebastian , Mandl Christian , Boehmelt Guido , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Sini Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Dose-dependent regulation of p53 target genes in MDM2-amplified and non-amplified solid tumor cell lines with brigimadlin, alrizomadlin, and milademetan.
Suppl Fig 7 from Fatty Acid Derivatization and Cyclization of the Immunomodulatory Peptide RP-182 Targeting CD206high Macrophages Improve Antitumor Activity
Authors: Singh Sitanshu S. , Calvo Raul , Kumari Anju , Sable Rushikesh V. , Fang Yuhong , Tao Dingyin , Hu Xin , Castle Sarah Gray , Nahar Saifun , Li Dandan , Major Emily , Sanchez Tino W. , Kato Rintaro , Xu Xin , Zhou Jian , Liu Liang , LeClair Christopher A. , Simeonov Anton , Baljinnyam Bolormaa , Henderson Mark J. , Marugan Juan , Rudloff Udo
Published: December 2024

Suppl Fig 7
Suppl Fig 5 from Fatty Acid Derivatization and Cyclization of the Immunomodulatory Peptide RP-182 Targeting CD206high Macrophages Improve Antitumor Activity
Authors: Singh Sitanshu S. , Calvo Raul , Kumari Anju , Sable Rushikesh V. , Fang Yuhong , Tao Dingyin , Hu Xin , Castle Sarah Gray , Nahar Saifun , Li Dandan , Major Emily , Sanchez Tino W. , Kato Rintaro , Xu Xin , Zhou Jian , Liu Liang , LeClair Christopher A. , Simeonov Anton , Baljinnyam Bolormaa , Henderson Mark J. , Marugan Juan , Rudloff Udo
Published: December 2024

Suppl Fig 5
Figure S3 from Targeting PDHK1 by DCA to Restore NK Cell Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Peng , Li Min , Xiang Tong , Xie Songzuo , Li Minxing , Wang Yan , Weng Desheng , Zhao Jingjing
Published: December 2024

Fig. S3 Low doses of DCA caused little damage to vital organs in experimental mice HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissue sections from control (A) and intraperitoneally injected DCA mice (B).
Figure S1 from Immunoproteasome Activation Expands the MHC Class I Immunopeptidome, Unmasks Neoantigens, and Enhances T-cell Anti-Myeloma Activity
Authors: Rana Priyanka S. , Ignatz-Hoover James J. , Guo Chunna , Mosley Amber L. , Malek Ehsan , Federov Yuriy , Adams Drew J. , Driscoll James J.
Published: December 2024

Figure S1. Chemical structure of the eight hits, designated as Compounds A-H, detected in the high throughput screen. Also shown are the known HDAC6 inhibitors tubastatin-A, ACY-1215, ACY-738, and nexturastat A.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Separable Cell Cycle Arrest and Immune Response Elicited through Pharmacological CDK4/6 and MEK Inhibition in RASmut Disease Models
Authors: Wu Jin , Wang Jianxin , O’Connor Thomas N. , Tzetzo Stephanie L. , Gurova Katerina V. , Knudsen Erik S. , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K.
Published: December 2024

Supplementary Figure S5. A-C. Volcano plots displaying differentially expressed transposable elements in CDK4/6i (palbociclib, 0.5 μmol/L) and MEKi (trametinib, 25 nmol/L)-treated PDAC (MIA PaCa-2 (A), PA-TU 8988T(B)), and lung cancer (A549 (C)) cell models. The RNAseq data was downloaded from GEO database (GSE110397).