bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution – Part 2: Vertical wind profile
Authors: Drueke Sonja , Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Kollias Pavlos
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This second part of a numerical study on shallow-cumulus dilution focuses on the sensitivity of cloud dilution to changes in the vertical wind profile. Insights are obtained through large-eddy simulations of maritime and continental cloud fields. In these simulations, the speed of the initially uniform geostrophic wind, and the strength of geostrophic vertical wind shear in the cloud and subcloud layer are varied. Increases in the cloud-layer vertical wind shear (up to 9 m/s/km) lead to 40–50 % larger cloud-core dilution rates compared to their respective unsheared counterparts. When the background wind speed, on the other hand, is enhanced by up to 10 m/s and subcloud-layer vertical wind shear develops or is initially prescribed, the dilution rate decreases by up to 25 %. The sensitivities of the dilution rate are linked to the updraft strength and the properties of the entrained air. Increases in the wind speed or vertical wind shear result in lower vertical velocities across all sets of experiments with stronger reductions in the cloud-layer wind shear simulation (27–47 %). Weaker updrafts are exposed to mixing with the drier surrounding air for a longer time period, allowing more entrainment to occur (i.e., the "core exposure effect"). However, reduced vertical velocities, in concert with increased cloud-layer turbulence, also assist in widening the humid shell surrounding the cloud cores, leading to entrainment of more humid air (i.e., the "core-shell dilution effect"). In the experiments with cloud-layer vertical wind shear, the core exposure effect dominates and the cloud-core dilution increases with increasing shear. Conversely, when the wind speed is increased and subcloud-layer vertical wind shear develops or is imposed, the core-shell dilution effect dominates to induce a purifying effect. The sensitivities are generally stronger in the maritime simulations, where weaker sensible heat fluxes lead to narrower, more tilted, and, therefore, more suppressed cumuli when cloud-layer shear is imposed. Moreover, in the experiments with subcloud wind shear, the weaker baseline turbulence in the maritime case allows for a larger turbulence enhancement, resulting in a widening of the transition zones between the cores and their environment, leading to the entrainment of more humid air.
Atmospheric Precipitable Water and its Correlation with Clear Sky Infrared Temperature Observations
Authors: Kelsey Vicki , Riley Spencer , Minschwaner Kenneth
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Total precipitable water (TPW) in the atmosphere is the vertically integrated amount of atmospheric water in all of its phases. TPW is a valuable predictor for weather forecasting, and it is routinely measured using radiosondes, ground-based global positioning systems (GPS), sun photometers, or microwave radiometers. The use of these sophisticated instruments limits the number of TPW measurement sites, which affects the accuracy of forecast models in regards to storm formation, strength, and the potential for precipitation. We have analyzed this relationship for the much drier climate zone found in the Desert Southwest, specifically over Socorro, New Mexico (34° N, 107° W). Daily measurements of the ground and zenith sky temperatures have been made at Socorro for two complete annual cycles using infrared thermal sensors. Radiosonde TPW measurements from National Weather Service stations located in nearby Albuquerque, and Santa Theresa, New Mexico, are input into our dataset and analysed via a newly developed computational tool. Our results show that an exponential relationship between TPW and zenith sky temperature also holds for the Desert Southwest, but with parameters that are different than those obtained for the Gulf Coast. Model simulations can accurately reproduce the observed relationship between TPW and temperature, and the results suggest that half of the signal in temperature is directly related to direct changes in opacity due to changes in TPW, while the other half is due to changes in air temperature that usually accompany changes in TPW.
A biomass equation dataset for common shrub species in China
Authors: Wang Yang , Xu Wenting , Tang Zhiyao , Xie Zongqiang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Shrub biomass equations provide an accurate, efficient and convenient method in estimating biomass of shrubland ecosystems and biomass of the shrub layer in forest ecosystems at various spatial and temporal scales. In recent decades, many shrub biomass equations have been reported mainly in journals, books and postgraduate's dissertations. However, these biomass equations are applicable for limited shrub species with respect to a large number of shrub species widely distributed in China, which severely restricted the study of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function, such as biomass, production, and carbon budge. Therefore, we firstly carried out a critical review of published literature (from 1982 to 2019) on shrub biomass equations in China, and then developed biomass equations for the dominant shrub species using a unified method based on field measurements of 738 sites in shrubland ecosystems across China. Finally, we constructed the first comprehensive biomass equation dataset for China’s common shrub species. This dataset consists of 822 biomass equations specific to 167 shrub species and has significant representativeness to the geographical, climatic and shrubland vegetation features across China. The dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.00641 for noncommercial scientific applications, and this dataset fills a significant gap in woody biomass equations and provides key parameters for biomass estimation in studies on terrestrial ecosystem structure and function.
Towards Effective Drought Monitoring in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: Implications from Assimilating Leaf Area Index and Soil Moisture into the Noah-MP Land Surface Model for Morocco
Authors: Nie Wanshu , Kumar Sujay V. , Arsenault Kristi R. , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Mladenova Iliana E. , Bergaoui Karim , Hazra Abheera , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Mahanama Sarith P. , McDonnell Rachael , Mocko David M. , Navari Mahdi
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has experienced more frequent and severe drought events in recent decades, leading to increasingly pressing concerns over already strained food and water security. An effective drought monitoring and early warning system is thus critical to support risk mitigation and management by countries in the region. Here we investigate the potential for assimilation of leaf area index (LAI) and soil moisture observations to improve representation of the overall hydrological and carbon cycles and drought by an advanced land surface model. The results reveal that assimilating soil moisture does not meaningfully improve model representation of the hydrological and biospheric processes for this region, but rather it degrades simulation of interannual variation of evapotranspiration (ET) and carbon fluxes, mainly due to model weaknesses in representing dynamic phenology. However, assimilating LAI leads to greater improvement, especially for transpiration and carbon fluxes, by constraining the timing of simulated vegetation growth response to evolving climate conditions. LAI assimilation also helps to correct for the erroneous interaction between the dynamic phenology and irrigation during summertime, effectively reducing a large positive bias in ET and carbon fluxes. Independently assimilating LAI or soil moisture alters the categorization of drought, with the differences being greater for more severe drought categories. We highlight the vegetation representation in response to changing land use and hydroclimate as one of the key processes to be captured for building a successful drought early warning system for the MENA region.
A novel method for cold-region streamflow hydrograph separation using GRACE satellite observations
Authors: Wang Shusen , Li Junhua , Russell Hazen A. J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Streamflow hydrograph analysis has long been used for
separating streamflow into baseflow and surface runoff components, providing
critical information for studies in hydrology, climate and water resources.
Issues with established methods include the lack of physics and arbitrary
choice of separation parameters, problems in identifying snowmelt runoff,
and limitations on watershed size and hydrogeological conditions. In this
study, a Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE)-based model was developed to address these weaknesses and
improve hydrograph separation. The model is physically based and requires no
arbitrary choice of parameters. The new model was compared with six
hydrograph separation methods provided with the U.S. Geological Survey
Groundwater Toolbox. The results demonstrated improved estimates by the new
model particularly in filtering out the bias of snowmelt runoff in baseflow
estimate. This new model is specifically suitable for applications over
large watersheds which is complementary to the traditional methods that are
limited by watershed size. The output from the model also includes estimates
for watershed hydraulic conductivity and drainable water storage, which are
useful parameters in evaluating aquifer properties, calibrating and
validating hydrological and climate models, and assessing regional water
resources.
Rapid measurement of heteronuclear transverse relaxation rates using non-uniformly sampled R1ρ accordion experiments
Authors: Wernersson Sven , Carlström Göran , Jakobsson Andreas , Akke Mikael
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Multidimensional, heteronuclear NMR relaxation methods are used extensively to characterize the dynamics of biological macromolecules. Acquisition of relaxation datasets on proteins typically require significant measurement time, often several days. Accordion spectroscopy offers a powerful means to shorten relaxation rate measurements by encoding the 'relaxation dimension' into the indirect evolution period in multidimensional experiments. Time savings can also be achieved by nonuniform sampling (NUS) of multidimensional NMR data, which is used increasingly to improve spectral resolution or increase sensitivity per unit time. However, NUS is not commonly implemented in relaxation experiments, because most reconstruction algorithms are inherently nonlinear, leading to problems when estimating signal intensities, relaxation rate constants and their error bounds. We have previously shown how to avoid these shortcomings by combining accordion spectroscopy with NUS, followed by data reconstruction using sparse exponential mode analysis, thereby achieving a dramatic decrease in the total length of longitudinal relaxation experiments. Here, we present the corresponding transverse relaxation experiment, taking into account the special considerations required for its successfully implementation in the framework of the accordion-NUS approach. We attain the highest possible precision in the relaxation rate constants by optimizing the NUS scheme with respect to the Cramér-Rao lower bound of the variance of the estimated parameter, given the total number of sampling points and the spectrum-specific signal characteristics. The resulting accordion-NUS R1ρ relaxation experiment achieves comparable precision in the parameter estimates, compared to conventional CPMG R2 or spin-lock R1ρ experiments, while saving an order of magnitude in experiment time.
Aerodynamic roughness length of crevassed tidewater glaciers from UAV mapping
Authors: Dachauer Armin , Hann Richard , Hodson Andrew J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The aerodynamic roughness length (z0) is an important parameter in the bulk approach for calculating turbulent fluxes and their contribution to ice melt. However, for heavily crevassed tidewater glaciers z0 estimations are rare or only generalized. This study used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to map inaccessible tidewater glacier front areas. The high-resolution images were used in a structure-from-motion photogrammetry approach to build digital elevation models (DEMs). These DEMs were applied to five different models (split across transect and raster methods) to estimate z0 values of the mapped area. The results point out that the range of z0 values across a glacier is large, with up to three (locally even four) orders of magnitude. The division of the mapped area into sub-grids (50 m x 50 m), each producing one z0 value, best accounts for the high spatial variability of z0 across the glacier. The z0 estimations from the transect method are in general higher (up to one order of magnitude) than the raster method estimations. Furthermore, wind direction (values parallel to the ice flow direction are larger than perpendicular) and the chosen sub-grid size turned out to have a large impact on the z0 values, again presenting a range of up to one order of magnitude each. On average, z0 values between 0.08 m and 0.88 m for a down-glacier wind direction were found. The UAV approach proved to be an ideal tool to provide distributed z0 estimations of crevassed glaciers, which can be incorporated by models to improve the prediction of turbulent heat fluxes and ice melt rates.
LINGUA-COGNITIVE ASPECT OF METAPHORIC EUPHEMIZATION
Authors: Rustamova Dilrabokhon Andurahimovna
Published: May 2021

The article is about lingua-cognitive research of metaphoric euphemisms, and it gives scientific substantiation for creation of complex lingua-cognitive and logical mixture of objective metaphoric legality in subjective relation and speech condition.
LITERATURE REVIEW : HUBUNGAN KOORDINASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENGGIRING BOLA PADA PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA
Authors: Fajrin Sabila Nur , Agustiyawan Agustiyawan , Purnamadyawati Purnamadyawati , Mahayati Dewi Suci
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK Menggiring bola adalah teknik dasar penting dalam permainan sepak bola karena pemain dituntut berlari terus-menerus membawa bola untuk memasukkan bola ke gawang. Keterampilan menggiring bola berkaitan dengan koordinasi, terutama koordinasi kaki, karena tanpa koordinasi pemain akan sulit untuk mengarahkan posisi bola saat digiring. Tujuan literature review ini adalah untuk menganalisa dan menelaah penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya mengenai hubungan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola pada pemain sepak bola. Metode yang digunakan pada literature review ini adalah metode traditional literature review, yang merupakan analisis secara komprehensif, kritis, dan objektif terkait dengan ilmu atau pengetahuan mengenai topik tertentu yang tidak memiliki pertanyaan penelitian yang spesifik atau metode khusus dalam strategi pencarian pustaka. Literature review ini didasarkan dari 5 artikel berupa jurnal penelitian yang telah terpublikasi pada database elektronik Google Scholar dan GARUDA (Garba Rujukan Digital). Berdasarkan 5 artikel tersebut, menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola pada pemain sepak bola. Kata Kunci   : Hubungan koordinasi terhadap menggiring bola; Koordinasi; Menggiring bola
The antimicrobial activity of polyfloral honey and its awareness among urban consumers in Slovakia
Authors: Šedí­k Peter , Predanócyová Kristína , Horská Elena , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: May 2021

The current interdisciplinary research studies the antimicrobial activity of selected polyfloral kinds of honey (n = 30) against three microorganisms (gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, gram-negative bacteria Salmonella enterica, and one yeast Candida krusei) as well as investigates consumer behavior and awareness towards honey healing properties. Consumer research involved 617 honey consumers living in urban areas. T-test for Equality of means, non-parametric tests, and descriptive statistics were applied. Results showed that antimicrobial activity was found in all honey samples with a concentration of 50%. Nevertheless, better activity was obtained in honey samples from urban beekeepers compared to samples from retail stores. Results of consumer research showed that honey is mostly used as food (sweetener in beverages, ingredient in the recipe, or direct consumption) and as medicine mainly during the winter period. The consumer awareness towards honey healing effects was very high (97%), however, 1/3 of respondents were not able to list any specific examples, and only 11 % mentioned antibacterial activity. Furthermore, more than 70% of respondents did not know to explain the term “medical honey” and more than 50% of respondents are not aware of the maximum temperature used for heating honey without decreasing its biologically active compounds.
跨界营销与品牌人格再塑造以某跨境电商为例
Authors: 吴 全成 , 刘 菲菲
Published: May 2021

随着紧张而剧烈的社会时代变迁，不同领域、不同品牌之间的跨界融合成为企业应对市场变化的重要对策，品牌所象征的社会阶级、人文特征、身份地位以及个性特征将作为其消费决策重要影响因素，企业究竟该如何通过跨界营销塑造品牌人格以及如何管理品牌人格？本文对跨界营销与品牌人格的相关理论及文献进行系统的梳理与研究，以跨境业务为主的A综合型电商这一行业领导者作为研究对象，通过以品牌个性维度为核心的问卷调查法，测量消费者对于该跨境电商跨界营销前后的品牌人格认知的变化情况，验证跨界营销对于品牌人格的再塑造是有影响的；通过个案分析法剖析如何有效的跨界营销，对品牌人格的管理和再塑造起到积极意义，从而为其他企业及后来研究者提供建议与启示。
新冠疫情影响下的我国零售业及其发展趋势
Authors: 赵 伟晶
Published: May 2021

2020年新冠疫情恰值春节期间波及全国，疫情染性强、传染范围广，牵动亿万国人心的同时也给我国零售业带来大范围冲击，造成严重影响。然而我国零售业在遭遇挑战同时，也因疫情的影响面对新的发展趋势。积极的面对挑战并认真的分析、抓住机遇，将有利于我国零售业在新一轮竞争中快速成长。
A Comparative Study between Conventional and Modified Leishman Stain
Authors: Hye Rizwana Abdul , Gisuthan Bindiya , Kariveettil Indira
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Leishman stain has been used as the stain of choice for peripheral blood films since many decades .But it has a disadvantage of consuming 15 minutes for the procedure alone thereby increasing the turn around time of peripheral smear reporting. In this study modified Leishman stain was made by adding phenol to conventional Leishman to reduce the staining time to 3 minutes without interfering with the quality of stain.
Aim: To study the quality of modified Leishman stain in comparison with conventional preparation on peripheral blood smears.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Central Haematology laboratory of a tertiary health care centre in Southern India. A pilot study was done to determine the ideal ratio of phenol to Leishman powder in preparing modified stain without compromising the staining quality. After obtaining consent, the blood sample was collected in anticoagulated vials. Sample size was calculated to be 85.Two thin wedge smears were prepared from each sample and one was stained with conventional Leishman stain and other with modified Leishman stain. The staining characteristics were assessed and scored by an experienced pathologist in terms of 6 parameters- RBC pattern, nuclear pattern, neutrophil granules, eosinophil granules, platelets and background staining. The grades were 1, 2, 3 & 4 (poor, satisfied, good and excellent). Smears each with grades 2, 3 and 4 were selected for study. The results were analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0.
Result: The mean value for the staining quality using conventional method was 4.73 and for modified method was 5.39, and the total score possible is 6. Photomicrograph showed excellent results with modified Leishman stain. Thus from these values we can interpret that modified method gave much more acceptable results than that of conventional method.
Conclusion: Unlike the conventional method which requires a total of 15 minutes, to complete the staining process, modified Leishman staining techniques takes only 3 minutes. Blood films can be stained within a short period of time thus aiding in rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Keywords: Leishman stain, Modified Leishman stain, Phenol.
PENGARUH BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH AKAR DAN Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK VANILI (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)
Authors: . Saepudin , Nurdiana Dadi , Nafi’ah Hanny Hidayati
Published: May 2021

Budidaya tanaman vanili (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) pada umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif yaitu dengan setek batang, namun kemampuan untuk tumbuh masih sangat rendah maka diperlukan perlakuan khusus seperti pengaplikasian ZPT maupun pupuk yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi dan pengaruh mandiri antara pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh akar dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) terhadap pertumbuhan setek vanili. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kp. Citomo, Desa Panyindangan, Kecamatan Cisompet, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 4x4 dengan 2 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ZPT Rootone F, yaitu: z1 = 0 mg/ 1,5 ml air (kontrol),  z2 = 50 mg/ 1,5 ml air, z3 = 100 mg/ 1,5 ml air, z4 = 150 mg/ 1,5 ml air. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi pupuk PGPR (P), yaitu:  p1 = 0 ml/L (kontrol), p2 = 5 ml/L, p3 = 10 ml/L, p4, = 15 ml/L. Tidak terjadi interaksi antara pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh akar dan (PGPR) terhadap parameter pengamatan. Secara mandiri perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh Rootone F z3= 100 mg/ 1,5 ml air dan PGPR p4 = 15 ml/L memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap parameter pengamatan jumlah akar, panjang akar, panjang tunas, luas daun, berat segar setek, dan berat kering setek.
Representasi Perempuan Dalam Pemberitaan KDRT di Media Massa Pada Masyarakat di Wilayah Jakarta (Studi Pemberitaan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga di Merdeka.com dan Kompas.com)
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah , Tamampil Armis
Published: May 2021

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa bagaimana teks pemberitaan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) terhadap perempuan dihadirkan di media massa online khususnya Merdeka dan Kompas online edisi April sampai Agustus 2013. Karena itu suatu analisis isi yang lebih mendalam dan detail untuk memahami produk isi media dan mampu menghubungkanya dengan konteks sosial atau realitas yang terjadi sewaktu pesan dibuat. Karena semua pesan (teks, simbol, gambar dan sebagainya adalah produk sosial dan budaya masyarakat).  Sesuai dengan rumusan permasalahan pada penelitian, metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis isi kualitatif terlebih dahulu terhadap pemberitaan di  Merdeka dan Kompas online, kemudian baru dilakukan analisis wacana kritis dari Sara Mills untuk mengetahui perspektif pembaca dan penulis yang ditampilkan dalam teks pemberitaan tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap berita KDRT pada kedua mediaterse but dapat disimpulkan, antara lain. Penulis memposisikan dirinya sebagai laki-laki, sehingga teks berita yang ditampilkan pun mengarahkan pembaca untuk menafsirkan teks berita dalam artikel tersebut dari sudut pandang laki-laki. Dalam berita yang terkait dengan KDRT merepresentasikan perempuan (istri) sebagai objek. Teks berita tersebut menjadi bias dalam merepresentasikan perempuan karena dalam teks berita tersebut suara perempuan (istri) tidak benar-benar ditunjukkan. Perempuan hanya digambarkan sebagai pemicu tindakan kekerasan dan akhirnya menjadi korban KDRT yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki (suami)
Improving Teaching Through Coaching, Mentoring and Feedback: A Review of Literature
Authors: Lynch David
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the literature on mentoring and coaching and the embeddedness of these in wider fields which are referred as 'professional development' and 'teacher learning'. It concentrates on education but also considers selected work from other professions to provide a comparative perspective on the education material. There are clearly identifiable similarities across all of the literature reviewed, despite different lexicons. The review also identifies what appears to be recurrent theoretical and research issues and difficulties in the mentoring and coaching and professional development literatures. These have prima facie relevance for the teacher professional development projects and activities currently being underway by education jurisdictions across the globe. They are summarised at the end of the article.
Teaching Science In Selected Secondary Schools of Rajasthan – A Case Study
Authors: Ram Babu Pareek  , Asha KVD Kamath
Published: May 2021

The present study is based on the observation of 38 Science classes of IX and X of 14 Government schools of Churu and Jalore districts of Rajasthan. Data was collected by observing the teachers teaching Science, interviewing the Science teachers and by holding Focus Group Discussions with a representative group of students in each school. The present paper is based on the data collected for a study on 'Classroom Processes of RMSA' of NCERT. The study revealed that in most of the classes the lesson was introduced by stating the topic. Presentation of new concepts was done in most of the classes mainly by teacher talk. Activity was used for presentation of the new concept in only one class of a school located in Educationally Backward Block (EBB). Learner participation in asking questions was never found in about 34% of the classes where as in about 10% of the classes it happened often. Role play was organized for the learners only in two classes of SC/ST area. Blackboard was often used in most of the classes, but it was never used in five classes, which come under SC/ST area, disturbed area and EBB. The textbook was used to explain the content in 50% of the classes and for giving assignments in more than 20% of the classes. It was also observed that evaluation was done by asking oral questions in about 71% of the classes and no evaluation was done in 5% of the classes. The class was concluded abruptly in 25% of the classes without summarising the main points or creating opportunities to go beyond the textbook. The findings recommend for an intensive study of teaching Science and immediate actions for improving the teaching-learning process in schools.
Effect of Concept Attainment and Inquiry Training Model in Teaching Biological Science at Secondary Level
Authors: Gara Latchanna  , K. Swarnalatha
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of Concept Attainment and Inquiry Training Model in teaching Biological Science at secondary level. Descriptive surveyexperimental research design (quasi-experimental) was employed. For the realization of the objectives of the study, a random sample of 175 teachers teaching Biological Science was selected from 24 mandals of Srikakulam district for the purpose of a survey. A sample of 360 students was selected at random. 180 students each (90 each from class VIII and IX) from two schools were selected randomly for experimentation and as controlled group. The experimental group was given the Concept Attainment and Inquiry Training models of teaching. The control group was taught through the conventional method of teaching. The major data collecting tools were questionnaire and achievement test (experimental study). The collected data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, qualitative analysis (by variation) was used. The main aim of this study is to bring out the relative effect of CAM, ITM and conventional method of teaching on the achievement of students for acquisition of Biology concepts in class VIII and IX. The study reveals that there is a significant difference not only between CAM and conventional method, but also between ITM and conventional method on the achievement of students in understanding of Biological Science concepts.
Critical Look At The Contributions Of A Special Educator In Co-teaching Settings In A us Secondary School: A Case-study
Authors: Bharti Tandon
Published: May 2021

Co-teaching occurs between two or more professionals who are actively involved in providing substantive instruction in a shared physical space to a diverse student population in inclusive settings. It is often compared to "professional marriage." Research has established various benefits o f co-teaching for children with and without disabilities, both socially and academically. In addition, co-teaching provides opportunities for general and special educators to collaborate and learn from each other's expertise. However, most o f the time special education teachers adopt a supportive role in co-teaching rather than one of equal professional status, thus highlighting the limited contributions of special educators in the instructional partnership. The focus o f the study was on the contributions and the roles of the special education teachers in co-teaching in content areas. Data sources were interviews; observations; artefacts and field notes. The characteristic of this high performing team, and the way their relationship evolved confirmed many o f factors that have been identified as contributing to successful co-teaching. The special education teacher contributed both in planning and in teaching biology; in addition to a supportive role, he also took a lead role in teaching, thus; providing meaningful learning experiences to both students with and without disabilities.
Teachers' Dispositions at Tertiary Level: An Inquiry in the Preparation of Prospective Professionals
Authors: Behura Ajit Kumar , Naznin
Published: May 2021

Teachers' dispositions are mainly effective in the optimization of quality education. At the tertiary level, it plays a significant role in the process of educating students. It is primarily concerned with successful and effective teaching. Such dispositions are directed by the beliefs and viewpoints concomitant to ethical principles like honesty, equity, accountability and social justice. Professional dispositions of teachers involve the technical aspects of teaching such as a wide array of knowledge, subject expertise, pedagogical skills and experience that they engage in advancing the intellectual growth of students. These technical aspects of teaching, however, overshadow the nontechnical qualities of teachers like their personal virtues, character, and personality that are immensely important for the inculcation of values in students. The paper proceeds to argue that students of higher education would be prospective professionals, it is, therefore, the responsibility of teachers to promote and instill virtues in students during their academic years. It further argues that virtuous disposition not only mediates value inculcation in students but it also empowers teachers to perform through thick and thin in conformity with normative professional dispositions. The analyses deduce that the scope of teachers' dispositions should be widened to take into account the importance and relevance of virtues in order to bring affirmative change in the professional skills of teachers. The study attempts to find out the significance of virtuous dispositions in practice teaching and argues for the internalization and implementation of the same within the professional dispositions of teachers.
Educational and Social Inclusion of Children Admitted Under RTE Quota: A Survey of Private Schools of Bhopal
Authors: Dutta Indrajeet , Khan Maisara Aziz
Published: May 2021

Status of growth and development of a society is measured by various social indices which depend on upon the equitable opportunities provided by the government in the form of access, participation, and transformation. Surveys in the last one decade, present to us glaring inequalities in social-economic and educational indicators of different socio-religious groups. Whenever policies and programmes do not benefit citizens, the government makes special provisions so that it would benefit them. The Right to Education Act (RTE) and within it 25% Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) quota was one such major intervention. The provision of 25% quota for EWS and disadvantaged children is mentioned in the RTE act section 12(1) (C). Thus, section 12(1)(C) of the RTE acts as a level-playing field for the children who were not able to afford quality education being offered in private schools. In Madhya Pradesh (MP), the RTE act came into effect from 2011. Bhopal the capital of MP had 2258 recognized schools and merely 223 have been covered under the RTE quota. Around 8162 EWS and disadvantaged students are studying in age appropriate classes. The present study was a small project work carried out in 10 schools of Bhopal (urban) covered under the RTE quota. The results indicated that though there is a social and educational inclusion of children in private schools but as per teachers' the ride is not a smooth one based on the responses of the students. Moreover, teachers still have a biased and unfavourable attitude towards these children. The gravity of the problem is not as big in the elite schools as they are not offering the EWS quota.
Development and Implementation of Module for Value Inculcation through Teaching of Social Science
Authors: Srivastava Sujata , Maitra Pratibha
Published: May 2021

Our society is faced with grave peril of value deterioration. Crimes in all areas of life are rampant and there is dissatisfaction amongst people. Therefore, it is important to tackle this hazard urgently and seize its growth. There is a pressing need for appropriate educational action to meet this challenge. Value education has been strongly emphasized. Value education is a deliberate programme that works towards the development of values, building holistic individuals. One way in which values can be taught in schools is through developing a module for teachers in Social Science integrated with values. The objectives of the study were to develop, implement and study the effectiveness of the module for teaching Social Science in terms of conceptual knowledge and perception of values of Equality and Peace. The research design was Quasi-experimental in nature. Convenience sampling technique was followed to select the sample which consisted of 30 students from class IX of two schools of Vadodara city thereby forming the experimental and control group. Achievement test, Value Knowledge test, and Perception scale were constructed and administered to gather the data. The study was conducted in five phases. Mean, SD, Mann-Whitney U-test was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that the module developed for teachers for the inculcation of values in students through the teaching of Social Science was effective as the students had a higher conceptual knowledge and a higher perception of the values of Equality and Peace.
An Online Survey of the Problems Being Faced by Students and Teachers in Higher Education with Special Reference to Jammu Region
Authors: Gupta Arun K. , Gupta Ankur , Rana Nishta , Sharma Mool Raj
Published: May 2021

In the present paper results from an online survey have been reported. The study was conducted to identify the problems being faced by the teachers and students working/enrolled in institutions of higher education in Jammu region. The survey involved a sample of 350 students and 50 teachers (total 400), selected randomly from a population of 4000 community members both students and teachers who were enrolled as members of a social media platform Educational Community. For the purpose of conducting survey, two questionnaires, one meant for students and the other for teachers were constructed and uploaded on Survey Monkey website for administration. The participants were free to respond through the use of desktop computers, laptops, tablet/iPads, smart phones etc. The responses were later analysed. Students and teachers were able to identify different problems they were facing while receiving/imparting education in higher education institutions. These were ranked in order of magnitude. The main problems in case of students were lengthy courses/curriculum for studying, long distance between institution and residence, inability to express ideas, less or no financial-aid/scholarships, lack of communication skills, financial problems in the family, etc. Problems reported by teachers were regarding the salary, workload, job insecurity etc. The results highlight the need to conduct such surveys periodically so that the problems faced by the major stakeholders in higher education can be identified and solutions provided to raise the quality of higher education in different regions.
CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
Authors: Singh S. D.
Published: May 2021

The paper presents an overview of the historical background of higher education (HE) in India, changing policies for improving the higher education system and the challenges. The paper provides reasons for deficiencies in higher education in India and discusses few policies and commissions which were set up for improvement at the higher level of education. Further, it elaborates the recent developments in higher education and provides some suggestions for revamping the higher education system in India.
THE INFLUENCE OF MORAL DISENGAGEMENT ON CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT IN A JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLEMENT ON CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT IN A JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Yufiarti  , Rusbita Thia
Published: May 2021

Moral disengagement is a tendency to justify negative behaviour that is morally acceptable and minimizes the influence of others. It is supported by Bandura et al (2000) and Santrock (2003) who said that the teenagers have a tendency to not show their consistent behaviour in different moral situations. This research aimed to find out the influence of moral disengagement on classroom environment in junior high school. The research instruments used were a modified form of Moral Disengagement Instrument (MDI) and What is Happening in This Class? (WIHIC) Questionnaire. The research subject included 171 students of junior high school. The data analysis method used in testing hypothesis was regression analysis. Analysis of the data showed that there was a significant influence of moral disengagement on classroom environment in junior high school. The classroom environment was found to be influenced by moral disengagement .
Fostering Critical Thinking Skills in European and Asian Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Svetlana Antonova  , Tatyana Pletyago  , Anna Ostapenko
Published: May 2021

There is a demand for transformation in higher education. Undergraduates need to be taught critical thinking, an essential skill that should be central to the mission of all educational institutions. Critical thinking is a key focus of academic interest among researchers in the field of pedagogy and methodology. Despite this, there is still a lack of sufficient information on approaches, methods, techniques, and means of incorporating critical thinking skills in the classroom environment at the tertiary education level. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the hands-on experiences of some European and Asian universities in promoting critical thinking education using a range of academic models. The review shows that critical thinking has already been integrated into many major tertiary education programmes in both European and Asian universities. Further, majority of the academic models implemented are transferable and flexible. The results confirm that in terms of content, methods, and technologies, university education is focusing on cultivating the higher order skills necessary for innovative professional activities in modern world.
Effect of Inquiry-Based Biology Laboratory Applications on Scientific Process Skills, Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Self-Confidence
Authors: Acarli Dilek Sultan , Dervişoğlu Sevilay
Published: May 2021

This study examined the effects of inquiry-based biology laboratory applications on pre-service biology teachers’ scientific process skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, and self-confidence in the laboratory. In this context, many related tests and scales were applied to first-year students of biology education (N=25). The research adopted the pre-test and post-test control group model. The results showed that laboratory practices based on both the corroborative and the guided inquiry approach increase the scientific process skills of the prospective teachers. Guided inquiry-based laboratory practices have increased the attitudes of pre-service biology teachers toward laboratory lessons. However, self-efficacy and self-confidence of the pre-service teachers taking part in corroborative laboratory practices increased, while guided inquiry methods did not have a significant effect on self-efficacy and self-confidence. The findings of the study highlighted the importance of a guided inquiry approach in the laboratory applications related training of pre-service biology teachers.
Enhancing the E-Content Skills of Instructors Through the Use of Cloud-Based Mobile Learning Environment: A Case of a Saudi Arabian University
Authors: Alenezi Ahmed Majoon
Published: May 2021

The research aims to design a mobile learning environment based on cloud computing applications to enhance the designing and publishing e-content skills of the faculty members of Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia. The researcher used the semi- experimental approach to measure the impact of the mobile learning environment on the cognitive and performance aspects of the faculties. Two research tools were used in the study: an electronic achievement test to measure the cognitive aspect and an observation sheet to measure the performance aspects of designing and publishing e- content skills of faculty members (N=53). A training programme on mobile learning environment based on cloud computing was conducted to enhance the faculty members’ e-content designing skills. There was a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the members in their pre-and post-study assessment of the cognitive and performance aspects of designing and publishing e-content skills. Following the training programme, the faculty’s achievement scores increased to 84% from 42% in the pre-test; their performance to apply the learned skills in various activities improved to 91% from 43%. Based on the results of the study, it can be recommended that the mobile learning environment based on cloud computing applications is quite helpful in developing the skills of using technology by the faculty members.
Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Science Teachers Regarding Content Knowledge
Authors: Sari Berna , Kiray Seyit Ahmet
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the self-efficacy of science teachers regarding their content knowledge. The research was conducted using a multiple case study design. Three science teachers working in public schools were selected through purposive sampling. Personal interviews were used to collect the data for the study. The results showed that science teachers’ self-efficacy in physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, earth sciences, scientific process skills and science-technology-society-environment (STSE) are different. The area where science teachers are weakest in terms of their content knowledge self-efficacy is STSE. Although sustainable development, socio-scientific issues, science and career awareness sub-dimensions in the STSE have taken place in the curriculum, the teachers were not aware of these dimensions. Based on the results, the researchers recommend that in-service training courses be organised to increase the self-efficacy of science teachers on content knowledge.
Determinants of Job Opportunities in Skill Development Institutions: Indian Perspective
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Garg Suresh , Mishra Shraddha
Published: May 2021

In a fast-growing economy like India and having a comparatively young population, education, especially skill-based education, plays an important role. In the last two decades’ emphasis has been placed on this through education policy interventions at all levels of governance. Despite this, the impact is not sufficient. There is a need for the industry to associate with skill development institutions for need-based effective management programmes. This paper attempts to study the students’ perceptions of the skill development programmes and their efficiency in providing better job opportunities. The study shows a significant role of trainers, industry connections and institutes infrastructure in giving better jobs opportunities to the trainees of skill development institutes.
The Anti-depressant Activity of Fixed Oil of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. in Mice
Authors: Sabir Salma , Baig Sadia Ghousia , Mohtasheem ul Hasan Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan , Siddiq Afshan , Ahmed Salman , Fatima Syeda Anum
Published: May 2021

Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, it is enriched in protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibres. Beans have nutritional and health benefits and also possess antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anticancer activity due to presence of bio-active chemical constituents. The following study was carried out to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil (PVFO) using forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice. In this study animals assigned into four groups (n=7). Group I: Control normal saline (2 mL/Kg), Group II: PVFO I (2 mL/Kg), Group III: PVFO II (4 mL/Kg) and Group IV: standard amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg). The results were significant and indicated the possible anti-depressant role of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil.
Source Rock Potential of Chichali and Samana Suk Formations Deposits in Panjpir Oilfield Subsurface, Punjab Platform, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Bilawal , Ali Shah Syed Haider , Ahmed Adeeb , Munir Muhammad Nofal
Published: May 2021

By using total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis measurements, the  hydrocarbon source rock potential of Chichali and Samana Suk formations found in the subsurface of Panjpir oilfield in Punjab platform located in the eastern part of the middle Indus Basin was investigated. Twenty two core samples were collected from producing well. The analysed samples of Chichali formation contains TOC ranging between 0.99-4.61 wt.% having average TOC of 1.51 wt.% and the S2 values of Rock-Eval show the poor to fair generative potential with values ranging from 0.99-3.08 mg HC/g rock. The samples have low hydrogen index values ranging from 21-302 mg HC/g TOC and also most of the samples have low T_(max ) values ranging from 422-432 °C and have OI values ranging from 15-82 mg CO2/g TOC. Samana Suk formation samples have TOC ranging between 0.28-1.38 wt.% having average TOC of 0.84 wt.%. S2 values of Rock-Eval shows poor generative potential with values ranging from 0.05-2.99 mg HC/g rock. The samples have low hydrogen index values ranging from 13-322 mg HC/g TOC and T_(max) values ranging from 423-435 °C, and have OI values ranging from 41-182 mg CO2/g TOC. On the basis of analysis performed only one sample from Chichali and five samples of Samana Suk formations have entered early maturity zone, while all remaining samples lie in immature zone as indicated by HI vs T_(max) plot. HI vs OI plot and HI vs T_ (max) indicates the presence of kerogen Type III. All of the samples from Samana Suk formation shows poor generative potential as compared to Chichali formation having fair generative potential as indicated by S2 vs TOC plot. Hence, from the results some minor gas could be expected to have been generated from Chichali formation in Panjpir oilfield subsurface.