bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ön Lisans Öğrencilerinin İnsan Sermayesi Algıları ile İstihdam Edilebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: KOÇAK Emrah , URAL Ayhan
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmada ön lisans öğrencilerinin insan sermayesi algıları ile istihdam edilebilirlik algıları arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırma grubunda ön lisans düzeyinde öğrenim gören 855 üniversite öğrencisi yer almıştır. Araştırmada toplanan veriler Koç, Fidan ve Kurt (2012) tarafından geliştirilen İnsan Sermayesi Algısı Ölçeği ile Gunawan, Creed ve Glendon (2019) tarafından genç yetişkinler için geliştirilen ve Alkın, Korkmaz ve Balcı Çelik (2020) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Algılanan Gelecekteki İstihdam Edilebilirlik Ölçeği aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Veriler sıklık analizi, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve basit doğrusal regresyon istatistik yöntemleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma ile öğrencilerinin insan sermayesi algılarının orta düzey ile büyük ölçüde katılmak arasında yer aldığı istihdam edilebilirlik algılarının da ölçek maddelerine verdikleri yanıtlar bağlamında kısmen katılmak ile katılmak arasında yer aldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucu ise öğrencilerin insan sermayesi algısı ile istihdam edilebilirlik algıları arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişkinin olduğu ve istihdam edilebilirlik algısının yordayıcıları arasında insan sermayesi algısının da bulunduğu yönündedir. Araştırmanın sınırlılıklarının azaltılması ve geçerliğinin artırılması adına, diğer ön lisans programları ile lisans ve yüksek lisans programlarındaki öğrenciler ile benzer araştırmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
La perspectiva deleuziana del cine como medio para volver a creer en el mundo. Un análisis desde la filmografía de Peter Weir
Authors: Muñoz Becerra Felipe Arthur
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo busca defender el cine como un medio artístico que puede ayudar al sujeto actual a volver a creer en el mundo, es decir, a reconectarse con su vida misma y la existencia, rescatando una visión positiva de la realidad donde el ser humano puede actuar y desarrollar su vida. Así, nos enfocamos en parte de la filmografía del director Peter Weir, más precisamente, en las obras cinematográficas: La sociedad de los Poetas Muertos y The Truman Show: Historia de una vida. De esta forma, iremos en busca de la misión encomendada por Deleuze al cine, cuyo objetivo es filmar la conexión entre el humano y su mundo, donde también buscaremos responder si parte del cine creado en las últimas décadas ha respondido o no a dicho llamado. Finalmente, repasaremos parte de la ruptura entre los individuos y su mundo como suceso ocurrido posteriormente a la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
StoryFacets: A design study on storytelling with visualizations for collaborative data analysis
Authors: Park Deokgun , Suhail Mohamed , Zheng Minsheng , Dunne Cody , Ragan Eric , Elmqvist Niklas
Published: March 2023

Tracking the sensemaking process is a well-established practice in many data analysis tools, and many visualization tools facilitate overview and recall during and after exploration. However, the resulting communication materials such as presentations or infographics often omit provenance information for the sake of simplicity. This unfortunately limits later viewers from engaging in further collaborative sensemaking or discussion about the analysis. We present a design study where we introduced visual provenance and analytics to urban transportation planning. Maintaining the provenance of all analyses was critical to support collaborative sensemaking among the many and diverse stakeholders. Our system, STORYFACETS, exposes several different views of the same analysis session, each view designed for a specific audience: (1) the trail view provides a data flow canvas that supports in-depth exploration + provenance (expert analysts); (2) the dashboard view organizes visualizations and other content into a space-filling layout to support high-level analysis (managers); and (3) the slideshow view supports linear storytelling via interactive step-by-step presentations (laypersons). Views are linked so that when one is changed, provenance is maintained. Visual provenance is available on demand to support iterative sensemaking for any team member.
Pendidikan Multikultural dan Multikulturalisme
Authors: Pesik Anggreiny Veronika
Published: March 2023

Pendidikan adalah salah satu bidang yang sangat menentukan dalam kemajuan suatu Negara.Indonesia adalah Negara kesatuan yang terdiri dari berbagai macam suku, adat, agama, bahasa, dan lain-lain. Kesatuan ini akan menjadi bentuk Negara secara plural melalui pendidikan. Perbedaan ini dapat disatukan agar tidak terjadi diskriminasi yang menyudutkan pada salah satu golongan sehingga pembangunan Indonesia terlambat.
Pendidikan Multikultural Dan multikulturalisme
Authors: RAKINAUNG OXINCE GLEDIS
Published: March 2023

Multikulturalisme berasal dari dua kata yaitu multi yang berarti banyak atau beragam dan cultural yaitu kebudayaan. Jadi multukulturalisme adalah filsofi terkadang ditafsirkan sebagai ideology yang adanya kebudayaan dengan sosial politikdalam masyarakat. Dalam pendekatan sinkoris, ditemukan fase sigrasi pada masa colonial,fase pendidikan yang bercorak. Pada masa orde baru, fase pendidikan multicultural dengan semangat demokrasi dan pada reformasi. Indonesia adalah Negara multikultural terbesar dunia. Keberagaman bangsa Inonesia ini dapat menjadi sebuah berkah juga musibah. Menjadi sebuah berkah jika Indonesia sebagai sebuah entitas negara bangsa mampu merawat keberagamannya. Sebaliknya, dapat menjadi sebuah musibah jika bangsa ini tidak mampu merawat keberagaman, seperti disharmoni bangsa yang terjadi dewasa ini. Peristiwa disharmoni sosial yang dipertontonkan di media dan media sosial ini adalah cerminan bahwa negara ini dalam keadaan darurat kesadaran akan keberagaman . kehidupan Orde Baru adalah sebuah “masyarakat multikultural Indonesia” yang bercorak “masyarakat majemuk” (plural society). Corak masyarakat Indonesia yang “bhinneka tunggal ika” bukan lagi keanekaragaman suku bangsa dan kebudayaannya, melainkan keanekaragaman kebudayaan yang ada dalam masyarakat Indonesia (Suparlan, 2002). Strategi politik kebudayaan juga berbeda, jika pada masa Orde Baru keberagaman atau multikulturalisme di Indonesia seperti permadani sedangkan pada masa reformasi ini sudah menyerupai mozaik . Akhir-akhir ini muncul kesadaran masif dari berbagai lapisan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga NKRI, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, dan kebergaman atau multikulturalisme. Disharmonisasi bangsa akhir-akhir ini karena terjadi friksi antar beberapa golongan baik yang mayoritas dan minoritas atau sebaliknya, sebagai akaibat adanya hajatan politik yakni Maka daripada itu pendidikan menjadi agen sosialisasi yang penting perlu dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin agar peristiwa dishamonisasi yang terjadi bisa terhindarkan. Implentasi pendidikan multikultural dianggap salah satu cara yang tepat untuk dapat menanamkan kemampuan masyarakat hidup dalam keberagaman dan rasa saling toleransi antar sesame (Parekh dalam Hanum, 2009). Indonesia patut menerapkan filosofi multikulturalisme karena Indonesia sungguh kaya akan perbedaan. Indonesia berbeda dalam aspek etnis, budaya, agama dan ras. Ini semuanya terjadi karena negeri kita memiliki kondisi geografis, iklim dan lingkungan alam yang berbeda-beda. Jawa beda dengan Sumatera.
Pendidikan Multikultural
Authors: Purba Marta Sari
Published: March 2023

mutikulturalisme sebenarnya merupakan konsep sebuah komunitas dalam konteks kebangsaan dapat mengakui keberagaman, perbedaan, dan kemajemukan budaya baik ras, suku, etnis dan agama. Konsep yang memberikan pemahaman bahwa sebuah bangsa yang plural atau majemuk adalah bangsa yang dipenuhi dengan budaya-budaya yang beragam. Bangsa yang muktikultur adalah bangsa yang kelompok-kelompok etnik dan budaya yang ada dapat hidup berdampingan secara damai dalam prinsip co-existenceyang ditandai dengan kesediaan untuk menghormati budaya lain. terikat dan commited kepada budaya tertentu, sebaliknya secara bebas terlihat dalam eksperimen interkultural dan sekaligus mengembangkan kehidupan kultural masing-masing.
Tugas Pendidikan Multikultural
Authors: lengkong Hartmen keyri
Published: March 2023

Kalian semua tentu saat ini tidak terlepas dari media sosial bukan? Tapi perlu diingat bahwa kita harus selektif dalam menggunakan media sosial, agar nilai multikultural dalam diri kita tidak luntur.Berkembangnya teknologi komunikasi di era saat ini membuat masyarakat memiliki banyak cara untuk menyampaikan/mengakses informasi baik melalui media konvensional maupun media elektronik seperti media sosial. Adanya media sosial saat ini memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap perilaku dan gaya hidup masyarakat, sehingga media sosial menjadi salah satu hal yang tidak dapat terlepaskan.Adanya media sosial tentu memiliki beberapa fungsi antara lain, yaitu mempermudah interaksi sosial jarak jauh, baik komunikasi minimal dua orang atau lebih, dan mempermudah dalam menyampaikan/mengakses informasi. Media sosial juga tentunya sangat berkaitan dengan adanya perubahan perilaku di masyarakat yang dapat terjadi secara luas, mengenai norma, tingkah laku, nilai-nilai, interaksi sosial, ataupun yang lainnya
Technology Synchronization: What Does the Future Look like with Machine and Deep Learning
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

The area of machine learning is entering a golden age, with deep learning gradually taking the lead. To develop computer models, deep learning employs numerous layers to represent data abstractions. Deep learning methods like generative adversarial networks, convolutional neural networks, and model transfers have totally transformed our understanding of information processing. However, there is a gap in knowledge behind this extremely fast-paced domain since it has never been portrayed from a multiscale perspective before. Because of a lack of fundamental knowledge, these strong approaches are reduced to black-box devices that stifle progress on a fundamental level. Furthermore, deep learning has been portrayed as a panacea for all machine learning stumbling obstacles, which is far from the case. This article provides an in-depth study of pivotal and revolutionary developments in deep learning applications, as well as a complete overview of historical and contemporary state-of-the-art methodologies in visual, audio, and text processing; social network analysis; and natural language processing. It was also attempted to evaluate the problems encountered in deep learning, such as unsupervised learning, black-box models, and online learning, and to demonstrate how these difficulties might be turned into fruitful future research directions
Pendidikan Multikultural dan Multikulturalisme
Authors: Pesik Anggreiny Veronika
Published: March 2023

Pendidikan Multikultural merupakan keharusan, bukan lagi pilihan. Didalam pengelolaan keanekaragaman dan segala potensi positif serta negative dilakukan hingga keberbedaan bukanlah sebuah ancaman atau masalah, melainkan menjadi sumber atau daya dorong yang positif bagi perkembangan dan kebaikan bersama bangsa.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DAN MULTIKULTURALISME
Authors: Pesik Anggreiny Veronika
Published: March 2023

Pendidikan Multikultural merupakan keharusan, bukan lagi pilihan. Didalam pengelolaan keanekaragaman dan segala potensi positif serta negative dilakukan hingga keberbedaan bukanlah sebuah ancaman atau masalah, melainkan menjadi sumber atau daya dorong yang positif bagi perkembangan dan kebaikan bersama bangsa.
Pendidikan multikulturalisme
Authors: Betaubun Yosepia yuliana
Published: March 2023

MULTIKUlTURALUSME Pendidikan Dan MULTIKUlTURALUSME Prospek Dialog Lintas-Budaya Multikulturalisme adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan pandangan tentang ragam kehidupan di dunia, atau kebijakan kebudayaan yang menahan penerimaan tentang adanya keragaman, kebhinekaan, pluralitas, sebagai realitas utama dalam kehidupan masyarakat menyangkut nilai-nilai, sistem sosial-budaya, dan politik yang mereka anut ( Roald, 2009). Di sisi lain, pluralisme berasal dari kata jamak dan isme, 'jamak' yang berarti banyak atau jamak, sedangkan 'isme' berarti paham. Sehingga definisi dari pluralisme adalah suatu paham atau teori yang menganggap bahwa realitas itu terdiri dari banyak substansi. Dalam perspektif ilmu sosial, pluralisme yang mengindikasikan adanya keragaman dalam masyarakat memiliki dua wajah yakni: konsesus dan konflik (Roald, 2009). Konsensus dalam hal ini mengandaikan bahwa masyarakat yang memiliki latar belakang yang berbeda-beda itu akan mampu bertahan hidup karena para anggotanya menyepakati hal-hal tertentu sebagai aturan bersama yang harus ditaati, sedangkan teori konflik justru memandang sebaliknya bahwa masyarakat yang berbeda-beda itu akan bertahan hidup karena adanya konflik. Konsep pluralitas mengandaikan adanya hal-hal yag lebih dari satu, keragaman menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan yang lebih dari satu itu berbeda-beda, heterogen, dan bahkan tidak dapat disamakan. Berbeda dengan konsep mutikulturisme yang memiliki pandangan dunia – yang pada akhirnya diimplementasikan dalam kebijakan- tentang toleransi menerima kelompok lain secara sama sebagai kesatuan, tanpa memperdulikan perbedaan budaya, etnik, gender, bahasa, ataupun agama (Roald, 2009). Dalam konteks agama, pluralisme dapat dipahami melalui dua sudut pandang. Pertama, melalui sudut pandang sosial yang mana individu berhak untuk menganut agama apapun dan dalam hidup semua umat beragama sama-sama belajar untuk bertoleransi, dan menghormati iman atau kepercayaan dari setiap penganut agama. Kedua, etika atau moral yaitu, semua umat beragama memandang bahwa moral atau etika dari masing-masing agama bersifat relatif dan sah apabila umat beragama menganut pluralisme agama dalam nuansa atis, maka terdorong untuk tidak menganut penganut agama lain (Roald, 2009).selain itu Keanekaragaman budaya merupakan kondisi yang ada di sebagian besar masyarakat. Terdapat banyak kesalahan pemahaman secara kontekstual dalam diskursus terkait keragaman budaya. Sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh Tariq Modood (1997), istilah
Tugas Pendidikan Multikultural Fitho Mamonto
Authors: Mamonto Fitho
Published: March 2023

Multikulturalisme mengandung dua pengertian yang sangat kompleks yaitu ”multi” yang berarti plural, ”kulturalisme” berisi pengertian budaya. Istilah plural mengandung arti yang berjenis-jenis, karena pluralisme bukan berarti sekedar pengakuan akan adanya hal-hal yang berjenis-jenis, tetapi juga pengakuan tersebut mempunyai implikasi-implikasi politis, sosial, ekonomi.
Pengantar Ekonomi Makro Islam
Authors: gunawan sahrul
Published: March 2023

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memberikan pemahaman terkait dengan ekonomi makro islam dan juga untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah ekonomi makro syari'ah
City views like patterns on a chip : X-Girl, cyberpink on the PC-98.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: March 2023

An extraordinary work, whose importance is as one of the (few) games thatmixed cyberpunk with gay or queer themes, is presented.Conceived as a research publication, in this document are likely some of thefirst substantial transcriptions, translations. [Fairytale Red-Zone, mid-1990s]
Ongoing revolution of Software Development in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Oil and gas companies require new technology and procedures to gather and translate data into critical business information in order to increase exploration and production, refining and manufacturing efficiency, and worldwide operations while maintaining safety and environmental protection Machine learning, data mining, optimization, and cloud computing have made it feasible to manage massive amounts of data like never before. In this approach, data-driven analytics provides new tools for engineers in exploration and production to learn from data. Two strategies for optimizing activity and asset operations include analyzing patterns in historical data and recognizing occurrences in real-time data. As a result, the use of data-driven analytics in the oil and gas business may bring prospects for increased insight and efficiency advantages
Pendidikan Multikultural
Authors: Purba Marta Sari
Published: March 2023

Dalam membangun karakter anak bangsa dipelukan solusi salah satunya melalui pendidikan multikultural Pendidikan Multikultural berpusat pada karakter ke Indonesian yaitu dilakukan dengan membentuk pola pikir, sikap, tindakan, dan pembiasaan sehingga munculnya kesadaran nasional yang berkarakter.
pendidikan multikultural
Authors: barus apriani perbina br
Published: March 2023

Dalam pendidikan multikultural, setiap peradaban dan kebudayaan berada dalam posisi yang sejajar dan sama. Salah satu tujuan penting dari konsep pendidikan multikultural adalah untuk membantu peserta didik agar memperoleh pengetahuan, dan menghargai orang lain yang berbeda suku, budaya dan nilai kepribadian. Pendidikan multikultural mempunyai empat nilai yaitu: Nilai Kesetaraan, Nilai Toleransi, Nilai demokrasi, dan Nilai Pluralisme. Nilai-nilai di atas mempunyai pandangan yang saling melengkapi satu sama lain dalam mensikapi pendidikan cultikulturalisme. Dengan demikian, pendidikan multikultural merupakan pendidikan yang memberikan penekanan terhadap proses penanaman cara hidup yang saling menghormati, tulus, dan toleran terhadap keanekaragaman budaya hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat dengan tingkat pluralitas yang tinggi.
Levers for transformative nature-based adaptation initiatives in the Alps
Authors: Dubo Titouan , Palomo Ignacio , Zingraff-Hamed Aude , Bruley Enora , Collain Guillaume , Lavorel Sandra
Published: March 2023

Transformative adaptation is essential to face the unprecedented biodiversity and climate change crises. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) could accelerate the transformation of social-ecological systems to address climate change and biodiversity and Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP) loss. However, they are not widely implemented. Understanding the drivers of decision-making context that support NbS implementation is crucial to address potential bottlenecks and barriers. Here, we conducted semi-structured interviews with managers of twenty NbS implemented in the Alps. We investigated their decision-making contexts using the values-rules-knowledge framework and their transformative characteristics. Using a clustering analysis we identified three types of initiatives sharing similar groups of levers and barriers: the local transformation type implemented self-sufficient initiatives motivated by relational values to nature, supporting the adaptive capacity of nature through informal governance and experiential knowledge sharing; the green deal type implemented gradual change in practices using funding opportunities or regulations to experiment with new approaches fostering instrumental values of nature;  the multi-scale co-production type implemented socially accepted NbS through wide participatory process with local practitioners, and the inclusion of diverse values in initiatives designed to be persistent even when challenged by the instability of funding opportunities. Based on these results we recommend that NbS related policies should: i) foster NbS implementation by local communities who faced economic constraints when implementing new practices; ii) support transdisciplinary programmes to create an inclusive network around NbS practices; and iii) adapt incentives to enable transformative adaptation through NbS. A macro-regional strategy may have the potential to face these challenges.
A scoping review of seismic risk communication in Europe
Authors: Musacchio Gemma , Saraò Angela , Falsaperla Susanna , Scolobig Anna
Published: March 2023

Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past 2 decades, seismic risk communication has evolved significantly. This has led to a reorientation from a predominantly “one-way”, top-down communication model to the promotion of new models in which people, their needs, and their participation in disaster risk management are central elements. The 2015–2030 Sendai Framework recommendations, recent disaster experiences and research have highlighted that new models can improve communication effectiveness. In this paper, we critically explore this transition by conducting a scoping review (n=109 publications) of seismic risk communication in Europe. We analyse the approaches, messages, tools, and channels used for seismic risk communication and how they have changed over time. The results reveal that the stated goals of seismic risk communication are, in decreasing order, to share information, raise awareness, change behaviours/beliefs, and increase preparedness. Pupils, students, and citizens are the primary recipients of communication activities. Over the years, two trends have emerged. First, “two-way”, transdisciplinary and bottom-up communication models prevailed over the “one-way” model. Second, communication aimed more at promoting proactive behaviours than just informing the public. Face-to-face, hands-on activities, and serious games are key tools to engage with the public. The results also reveal the emerging role of social media to target different audiences/social groups. Strikingly, only one-fifth of the analysed publications explicitly build on or tests risk communication theories. Future research could focus on comparing practices across countries and risks (e.g., earthquakes and floods) and on innovating communication theories and methodologies, especially by incorporating the role of information technologies and social media.
Brain-Machine convergent evolution: a window into the functional role of neuronal selectivity
Authors: simony erez , Grossman Shany , Malach Rafael
Published: March 2023

Central nervous system neurons manifest a rich diversity of specializations and selectivity profiles. However, the precise roles these properties play in brain function has remained the domain of intuition and educated guesswork. Here we propose a different approach to address this central question: searching for insights that can be gained from identifying parallel functional properties that emerge in both brain and artificial, engineered, systems. The central rational for this approach is that functional similarities observed in systems whose origins are so disparate are unlikely to be mere coincidences. To the contrary, these parallel properties point to critical bottlenecks that force the convergent evolution of widely diverse systems towards similar functional properties. In this review, we will focus on the mammalian cerebral cortex and present examples derived from three levels along the cortical hierarchy of visual processing: oriented receptive fields in primary visual cortex, relational geometries in high order, face selective, cortical areas and place-related entorhinal grid-cells at the top of the cortical processing hierarchy. In these three cases, intriguing parallels appear between the functional properties of cortical neurons and successful engineered systems. Such coincident properties highlight their significant functional role. Thus, contrary to the common intuition that artificial brain models are more informative as their basic elements are made more brain-like, here we propose that searching for parallel convergences with artificial systems could provide insights into brain function particularly in those cases that are far removed from realistic brain biology.
Sibling effects on Numeracy and Literacy achievement: Evidence from Two Large French Cohorts
Authors: Gurgand Lilas , Peyre Hugo , Ecalle Jean , Fischer Jean-Paul , Ramus Franck
Published: March 2023

We studied the effect of the number and characteristics of siblings (sex and age), on school achievement in numeracy and literacy from kindergarten to 5th grade, in two large French cohorts (the Elfe cohort, more than 4,400 children, and the DEPP panel, more than 9,500 children). Running linear mixed effects models, we find that, independently of socio-economic status, having more siblings is always negatively associated with school achievement. This is the case for both older and younger siblings, and for brothers and sisters. Our results are in line with the resource dilution model (i.e., in families with more children there are fewer resources available per child) and do not support the confluence model (i.e., a child’s intellectual environment is influenced by the average intellectual ability in the family), since for example, the association between the number of siblings and the achievement score is more negative for older than for younger siblings. We also find that these negative effects are partly mediated by parental interactions, once again supporting the resource-dilution hypothesis. Finally, although the association between the number of siblings and achievement scores is not moderated by the language spoken by the parents, it is moderated by the family income, with a less negative association in wealthier families.
Zunehmende Polarisierung? Zur Entwicklung migrationsbezogener Einstellungen in Deutschland
Authors: Lux Thomas , Gülzau Fabian
Published: March 2023

At the latest since the so-called migration and refugee crisis in 2015/2016, immigration has been regarded as an area of conflict in society that is becoming increasingly contested. While some groups promote a «welcoming culture« and experience migration as a social enrichment, opponents advocate border closures and see immigration as a cultural and economic threat. It is also argued that it is primarily the upper classes that advocate openness, whereas lower classes tend to have more critical attitudes toward migration. Our paper examines patterns of attitudes toward migration as well as the social structuring of these attitudes over time. We focus on different aspects of the migration issue: willingness to grant legal equality to migrants (inclusiveness), openness to close contact with migrants (social proximity), and negative judgments about migrants (migration stress). In addition, we use a class indicator based on the theoretical considerations of Andreas Reckwitz. The German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) of the years 1996, 2006 and 2016 serves as the data basis. No increasing polarization can be detected for any of the attitudinal dimensions. We also find hardly any systematic changes in the social structuring of attitudes.
Chemical Safety Knowledge Assessment of Academic Researchers from Brazil during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pedreira Filho Walter dos Reis , Passos Julia Sapienza , Ruscic Nadia , Da Silva Maria Luiza da Silva , Monteiro Lucilena Rebelo , Costa Soraia Katia Pereira
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Laboratories are inextricably dangerous work environments, as fatal incidents are reported in both academic and non-academic environments worldwide, where poor safety culture has been recognized as the major accident contributor. Workers can be exposed to chemical, biological, physical, or radioactive hazards, in addition to musculoskeletal stresses. In Brazil, hundreds of thousands of workers are employed in laboratories, either in private or public institutions. Although laboratory safety can be governed by local, state, or federal regulations, learning how to identify common laboratory hazards is the first step to preventing accidents in the lab environment.
Methods: The study aimed to assess the degree level of safety culture in an academic population of research laboratories, located in the largest city in Brazil, and their compliance with occupational safety regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study was carried out between October and November 2020. The results were obtained from the standardized questionnaire used to assess 98 researchers working in laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: The majority of respondents (95%) reported being exposed to more than two risks, simultaneously.  About two-thirds (66%) of them were not fully aware of the laboratory's risk map. About half of the researchers (50%) were lacking in safety culture, and 57%and 43% were preoccupied with chemical and non-chemical hazards, respectively. Personal protective equipment (PPE) during laboratory work was used by most researchers, but 75% of researchers claim that security awareness learning should be a high priority for admission to laboratories. About 39% of researchers agreed that awareness of security must be improved in their laboratories
Conclusion: The survey proves the lack of information and attitudes about chemical safety, especially among less experienced researchers, even if they use personal protective equipment when necessary.
Determining low back pain factors and effects on daily activities in operating room personnel in Türkiye
Authors: GÜLEÇ Habibe , Karahan Azize
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Low back pain is a common problem among operating room personnel. The study was performed to determine low back pain (LBP) factors and effects on daily activities in operating room personnel.
Methods: The descriptive study was conducted in January 2018 in Ankara, Türkiye. The study sample consisted of 210 operating room personnel. Data from the study were collected using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Low Back Health Question Form.
Results: The majority of operating room personnel had LBP. The mean disability score of the Operating room personnel was 9.69±6.49. A total of 8.1% of operating room personnel had severe disabilities. The disability score of the operating room personnel was higher in women, nurses, and personnel who worked over 8 hours a day, those who had any level of stress, and those who lifted patients without assistance.
Conclusion: LBP remains an important problem in operating room staff and negatively affects daily activities. Considering the disability caused by LBP, to prevent LBP, developing comprehensive programs with hospital management including exercise, coping with stress, smoking cessation, and regulation of the working environment and conditions is suggested.
Childhood Asthma and its Associated Factors Among Children Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital Kathmandu
Authors: Lamichhane Narayani , Upreti Kamala , Shrestha Saraswati , Pradhan Mary , Bhandari Bhagawati
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Childhood asthma is one of the most common non-communicable chronic pulmonary diseases of children and causes considerable morbidity. Prevalence of childhood asthma has grown dramatically in developed as well as developing countries. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with childhood asthma among children attending Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study design was adopted and 152 parents were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using pre tested structured with an interview schedule after permission from concerned authorities. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic with SPSS IBM 16.
Results: The finding of the study revealed that various factors were associated with childhood asthma. Among child related factors, age of children 6 years and above (p-value = < 0.001, OR = 4.190, 95% CI: 1.814 - 9.678), absence of exclusive breast feeding (p-value = 0.021, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.062 - 4.351), history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis (p-value 0.049, OR = 1.9117, 95% CI: .953 - 3.856) and influenza vaccine (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.714 95% CI:1.691-8.157) and in maternal factors, history of asthma in mother (p-value = 0.002, OR = 13.662, 95% CI:1.729 - 107.994), and on environmental factors, presence of dampness at home (p-value = 0.001, OR = 3.7142, 95% CI: 1.5584 - 9.3408) were found to have significant association with childhood asthma.
Conclusions: It could be concluded that 50.7% of children were diagnosed as asthma. Several factors were associated with childhood asthma. Children age 6 years and above, lack of exclusive breast feeding, history of recurrent allergy and rhinitis and presence of dampness at home, maternal history of asthma and seeking of influenza vaccine were found significant association with childhood asthma.
Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) in Premature Neonates, using 5F feeding tube versus 2 mm Endotracheal tube – An Innovative, Pilot study
Authors: Konda Kalyan Chakravarthy , Lingaldinna Swapna , Anjum Sadiqua , Alimelu Madireddy , Singh Himabindu , Tadury Apoorva
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Administration of LISA using thin and soft catheters like 5 F orogastric tube, though less invasive, is technically challenging and needs expertise. We hypothesized, use of a 2 mm Endotracheal (ET) tube for administration of LISA could be an easy and convenient alternative.
Methods: This is a prospective, single-centric, quasi-random, pilot trial conducted in the inborn unit of a tertiary care hospital from May 2020 - December 2020. All the inborn preterm (28 - 34 weeks) neonates with respiratory distress requiring surfactant were alternately allocated to receive LISA using a 5 F infant feeding tube or an uncuffed 2.0 size ET tube. The primary outcome was successful administration of surfactant defined as a procedure without any need for positive pressure ventilation.
Results: In our study, 25 neonates were enrolled in each arm. Administration of LISA using 2 mm ET tube was associated with better success of surfactant administration with lesser incidence of PPV (20 vs 11, p < 0.05), desaturation (5 vs 12, p < 0.05), and bradycardia (3 vs 10, p < 0.05) compared to LISAOG.
Conclusions: Administration of LISA using a 2 mm ET is an easily adaptable and convenient alternative that is well tolerated by the neonates without any adverse effects.
Clinical Patterns and Outcome of Low Birth Weight Babies Admitted in NICU Tertiary Hospital of Western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bandana , Subedi Nabraj , KC Thapa Namrata , Bhattarai Arjun
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major determinants of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The survival and outcomes of LBW infants varied from hospital to hospital within a country. The objective of the study is to identify the clinical patterns and hospital outcome of LBW babies in a Tertiary care centre, Pokhara.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital after taking ethical approval from the institutional review board. Data on all the LBW babies admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 15th May 2019 to 16th October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data entered in excel and descriptive analysis were done in SPSS version 25.
Results: Of 198 LBW babies, 120 (60.6%) were males and 78 (39.4%) females. Mean birth weight was 1.67 kg (± 0.42 SD), median 1.7 kg, ranging from 0.6 kg to 2.4 kg. Mean gestational age was 32.86 weeks (± 2.72 SD) and median was 33 weeks. 187 (94.4%) were preterm and 11 (5.6%) term. By birth weight, 17 (8.6%) were found to be ELBW, 53 (26.8%) VLBW and 128 (64.6%) LBW. 143 (72.2%) were AGA, 54(27.2%) SGA and one was LGA. Hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal sepsis and hypoglycemia were common problems encountered in NICU. Inadequate ANC, premature rupture of membrane, and low hemoglobin were the common maternal factors for LBW babies.
Conclusions: Prematurity was the major cause of LBW and majority were male babies. LBW babies had relatively more problems in NICU.
Evaluation of Peripapillary and Macular Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Paediatric Glaucoma Suspects
Authors: Adhikari Gautam Pragati , Dahal Hira Nath , Shrestha Jyoti Baba
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Glaucoma patients are known to have optic disc cupping, leading to loss of retinal ganglion cell axons. This peripapillary nerve thinness is known to be associated with glaucoma in adult patients. Hence, we intended to evaluate the peripapillary and macular nerve fiber thickness in eyes of pediatric glaucoma suspects using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 44 eyes of 22 paediatric glaucoma suspects, who were compared with 40 eyes of 20 normal paediatric eyes. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relations between the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell complex (GCC). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was plotted for OCT parameters in both the groups along with area under the curve (AUC) calculation. P values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: We found the RNFL to be thickest in the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants in both glaucoma suspects and normal group. When compared among quadrants in RNFL, all the values in different quadrants were statistically significant from each other and in between groups with p < 0.01. The RNFL thickness was statistically different in glaucoma when compared with normal in superior, temporal, and nasal quadrants however, no statistically significant difference was found in inferior quadrant RNFL. The largest AUC for discrimination of glaucoma suspect eyes from normal in peripapillary RNFL in was nasal quadrant in right eye, followed by temporal quadrant whereas it was largest in superior followed by nasal quadrants then average in left eye. However, AUC for discrimination of glaucoma suspects from normal in GCC was poor.
Conclusions: Glaucoma suspect paediatric eyes showed significant thinning in peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness compared to normal subjects.
Incidence, Outcome and Predictors of Mortality in Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): A Prospective Cohort Study at Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Basnet Srijana , Aryal Surabhi , Shrestha Laxman
Published: March 2023

Introduction: With advances in therapies during antenatal and perinatal period, there has been apparent decrease in incidence and mortality due to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, there is paucity of data on exact incidence and outcome of RDS in resource limited setting. This study was conducted with the primary aim to describe the outcome of RDS and analyze the predictors for mortality.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Neonatal Unit of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal from October 2019 to April 2021.
Results: A total of 94 preterm newborns developed RDS giving prevalence of 20.5 per 1000 live birth cohort at TUTH. Incidence of RDS among preterm babies was 14.6%. The median duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was 48 hours (Range 8 - 192 hours). Inhospital mortality rate was 15 (15.96%). Lower gestational age and premature rupture of membrane (PROM) were significantly associated with higher mortality whereas Normal Vaginal delivery (NVD) was associated with lower mortality. Logistic regression analysis for risk of dying for the cohort predicted that lower birth weight (AOR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.99 - 0.99; P = 0:01), sepsis (AOR = 145.14; 95% CI = 5.04 - 4175.15; P = 0:004) are independently associated with increased risk of dying whereas increase duration of NICU stay decreased the risk (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54 - 0.91; P = 0:01).
Conclusions: The mortality rate decreases with increasing gestational age and birth weight. A number of neonatal factors, either in isolation or in combination, were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality
Editorial
Authors: Giri Ram Ashish
Published: March 2023

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English Language Teachers’ Experience of Virtual Class during COVID-19 Lockdown in Bhojpur: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Rai Uttam Sing
Published: March 2023

This research aimed at exploring English teachers’ experience of virtual class in the time of COVID-19 lockdown period in Bhojpur, Nepal. Using narrative inquiry as methodological lens, I collected four secondary level English language teachers’ stories during the ﬁrst lockdown phase. In-depth interview was conducted to enable the participants to reveal their individual experiences of virtual teaching. The ﬁ ndings revealed negative experiences such as technology related anxiety and mental stress being the absent of basic mastery of ICT in English teachers. The narrations further showed unstable electricity and low speed internet issue, low rate of students’ absence, unavailability of ICT devices as the obstacles fronted by English teachers in the district. The result also displayed positive experiences such as the increase of knowledge and skills in ICT use, and students’ autonomous and mobile learning.
Development of ELT in Nepal: An Overview
Authors: Khadka Bishnu Kumar
Published: March 2023

English language teaching (ELT) journey in Nepal needs to be explored from its historical perspective as there is only few literature available in this area. In this respect, there is a need of analysing historical development of ELT from various dimensions in chronological order. Therefore, this paper aims at presenting an overview of the development in terms of the policies and practices of ELT reviewing and analysing the available literature collected from different sources. After analysing the data, the research claims that English language teaching has been an integral part of education system in Nepal from nursery to tertiary level as a subject and/or medium of instruction throughout the history. Furthermore, the trends of development of ELT in Nepal seem to continue both in its quantity and quality in future due to the increasing use of English in multiple sectors.
EL Teachers’ Induction Phase in Bangladesh: Practices, Challenges, and Expectations
Authors: Rouf Md. Abdur
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to explore the English language (EL) teachers’ induction phase in Bangladesh, focusing on the usual practices, challenges they face, and their expectations. Teachers’ induction phase is immensely signiﬁcant as they make a transition to the teaching profession. Following the qualitative phenomenological approach, qualitative data were collected from six (6) EL teachers working at the primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels across Bangladesh through interviews. The collected data were analysed using the thematic analysis framework as advocated by Braun and Clarke (2006). The key ﬁndings included a three-segment teacher recruitment mechanism, absence of pre-service teacher preparation and adequate initial training, varied initial experiences of teachers, no mentoring and observation, limited collaboration, and inadequate opportunity for professional development. Moreover, the ﬁndings also revealed that many such teachers are confused regarding their career because of discrepancies between pre-service perceptions and in-service actualities, lack of required support and resources for novice teachers, the signiﬁcance of teachers’ proactive role in induction, and their confusion about career planing.
Factors Associated with Treatment Adherence among Tuberculosis Patients in Gandaki Province of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Kaphle Hari Prasad , Yadav D. K. , Gurung Suman Chandra , Khatri Elina , Baral Sushila
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Poor adherence to the treatment regimen is a major cause of treatment failure and the emergence of drug resistance among TB patients. The emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs and particularly of multi-drug resistance (MDR), Pre-extensively drug resistance tuberculosis (Pre-XDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) tuberculosis have become a major public health problem in several countries and an obstacle to effective global TB control.

Methodology: This research was health facility based cross-sectional study and carried out among TB patients registered under DOTS and receiving treatment more than or equal to 60 days from health facilities of Gandaki province of Nepal. Structured interview schedule and validated questionnaires were used for data collection. Treatment Adherence was assessed by using Nepali version of Morisky treatment adherence scale (MMSA-8) questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-data software and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The odds ratio with a 95%CI was calculated and a P-value of <0.05 was considered as cut off for statistical significance.

Results: A total 180 TB patients were participated in this study. The overall prevalence of treatment adherence among tuberculosis participants was 79.4%. Participants who haven’t living with comorbidities were more than four times more likely to adhere with medicine compared to participants who had living with co-morbidities. Similarly, who had friendly relationship with health workers were more than forty six and half times likely to adhere to medicine with compared to participants who had unfriendly relationship with health workers.

Conclusion: The supportive factors for treatment adherence among Tuberculosis patients were socioeconomic factors (Hilly region, hindu religion, nuclear family, literate), life style related factors (no prior alcohol consumption, not habit smokeless tobacco previously), diseases related factors (delay of confirming TB diagnosis, Not experienced side effects, aware about TB symptoms, no co-infection) and accessibility to health care facilities related factors (confirm TB diagnosis cost, favourable time for DOTS centre, health workers supervision during the medication, friendly relationship with health workers, know about the length of the treatment, TB status disclose).
Tuberculosis and Stigma in India: Evidence from a Nationally Representive Survey
Authors: Barman Paramita
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Infectious nature of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major reasons behind the prevailing stigma and negative attitude towards the disease. These factors stand in the way of seeking an early diagnosis or continuing treatment following a positive diagnosis. This study aims at exploring the shares of adult men and women conforming to TB related stigma in India, a high TB burden nation, and the causal factors behind the same.

Methodology: The study uses unit level data on adult men and women from the nationally representative survey NFHS-3 (2005-06). Simple tools for descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis have been employed.

Results: Factors affecting TB related stigma among Indian men are age, religion, economic class ,education level, family structure and marital status. In case of women age plays no role. However, place of residence, social group and employment status emerge as significant factors impacting stigma among Indian women. Further, stigma levels vary across Indian states for both genders.

Conclusion: Socio-economic and demographic factors that have a role to play in shaping people’s attitude towards disease and related health seeing behaviour need to be acknowledged and incorporated in policies targeted towards elimination of TB.
Editorial
Authors: Lal Bibek Kumar , Salhotra Virendra Singh , Myneedu Vithal Prasad
Published: March 2023

Abstract not available
Foregrounding the Feminine Principle in Pushpa Kumari’s Contemporary Mithila Painting
Authors: Silwal Deepa
Published: March 2023

This paper explores artist Pushpa Kumari’s female-centered perspectives in Mithila Paintings that foreground the grace of Shakti, goddess Kali, in all females. Moreover, it examines the agency of women as a source of fertility and energy centralizing on how the bi-union of Prakriti and Purusha, the cosmicized versions of the earthly phenomenal male and female, reflects one integrated form, an indivisible whole. Basically, the paper is based on Kumari’s preference for tantrism, which accepts fundamental dualism, through which an individual encounters universal phenomena. Thus, this paper will provide a new insight on females’ subjectivity—how in tantric rituals every woman, a counterpart of feminine principle, as a microcosmic version of feminine power shakti becomes a reincarnation of cosmic energy symbolizing the ultimate essence of reality.