bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Acquisition of Historical Water Distribution Pipe Repair Location Data
Authors: Scawthorn Charles , McGlinchy Joseph , Porter Keith
Published: January 2025

We report an innovative method of extracting water distribution network (WDN) historical repair location data from images of paper repair data maps, to provide usable geo‐referenced digitally formatted data. For most water utilities, repair location data typically fall into two eras: pre‐ and post‐GIS, approximately corresponding to pre‐ and post‐2000. Automated conversion of pre‐2000 paper maps to a geo‐referenced digital format provides additional data to clarify trends in pipe repair causative factors, such as material defects, corrosive or creeping soils, and traffic. We applied the methodology to more than 3,000 maps of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power WDN, thereby extending the record of repairs backward from 2000 to 1975, almost doubling the number of repair records. The methodology's value, when using the resulting data for analysis, lies in the following: (a) large volumes of hard copy data can now be acquired in an automated manner, saving significant time and effort, (b) specific repair locations are accurately captured, resulting in (c) more reliable, confident, analyses, and results, (d) ongoing problem areas, due to corrosive or creeping soils for example, can be more specifically understood.
University students' religiosity in the United Kingdom and Poland: An exploration of sociodemographic determinants
Authors: Fel Stanisław , Kozak Jarosław
Published: January 2025

The present paper aims to determine and compare religiosity levels in university students (n = 2098) from the United Kingdom (n = 1010) and Poland and to attempt an explanation of how nationality differences in the cultural context and affiliations with different religious traditions influence their religiosity. The current global trends regarding religiosity are marked by diversity, with an increasing polarisation between deeply religious and non‐religious individuals. This phenomenon differs across cultural and national contexts, which makes its analysis crucial for the contemporary sociology of religion. ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the effect of sociodemographic factors on religiosity. The analysis revealed significant differences in religiosity level between national groups, with the highest religiosity level among students of nationalities other than British or Polish. Command of English, age, gender, religious development and academic performance influenced religiosity level. The results suggest that university students' religiosity is a complex phenomenon, shaped by numerous variables, including nationality, religious affiliation and personal and academic experience. The understanding of these relationships may contribute to a better understanding of the role of religion in the life of contemporary societies and help adjust educational and social policies to students' diverse religious needs.
Multi‐Scale Structures, Functional Properties, and Applications of Starch Modified by Dry Heat Treatment
Authors: Velazquez Gonzalo , Mendez‐Montealvo Guadalupe , Flores‐Silva Pamela C. , Soler Adrian
Published: January 2025

Dry heat treatment (DHT) is considered a green technology to modify starch structure and functionality since it does not generate effluents and avoids the use of chemical compounds, however, there is still no comprehensive understanding of the effects and mechanisms on the multi‐scale structure and their relationship with functionality. This paper reviewed and analyzed the effects of DHT on multi‐scale starch structures and functional properties, compared the performance of continuous and repeated DHT, discussed a mechanism of starch dry heating, and summarized the applications of dry‐heated starches. DHT evaporates water, accelerates the movement of starch molecules, and breaks hydrogen bonds, which changes the multi‐scale structure. In turn, structural modifications promoted by DHT affect the hydration properties, thermal stability, slowly digestible/resistant starch formation, and glycemic index. The multi‐scale structure and functional changes after DHT are strongly affected by the starch botanical source and process conditions. This review contributes to understanding the starch DHT modification and establishes a theoretical basis for advancing DHT applications in the starch industry.
Effectively Guiding Cell Elongation and Alignment by Constructing Micro/Nano Hierarchical Patterned Titania on Titanium Substrate
Authors: Bai Feng‐Jiao , Wang Hui , Hu Yu‐Qing , Shao Yun‐Fei , Zhu Yi‐Ran , Jiang Yu‐Lin , Hu Jian‐Chen , Zhao Hui‐Jing , Zhang Ke‐Qin
Published: January 2025

Based on the innate sensitivity of cell to substrate topographical cues, modulating cell‐directed growth behavior is crucial for promoting tissue repair and reconstruction. Although photolithography technology has been extensively employed to fabricate a variety of anisotropic patterned structures to guide cell growth, it remains a great challenge to design high‐resolution micro/nano hierarchical structures directly onto medical titanium (Ti)‐based implants. Herein, we present a rapid, reliable and reproducible approach combining photolithography and hydrothermal technology to construct a micro/nano hierarchical structure including anisotropic micro‐strips and a porous structure composed of TiO2 nanotubes features. In vitro biological and physicochemical analyses revealed that the micro/nano hierarchical structures not only efficiently facilitate the localization and adsorption of BSA molecules, but also enhances the control of cell growth behavior. The synergistic effect between the physical limitation for organizing cellular cytoskeleton at micropattern and the control of focal adhesion sits at the nanoscale can effectively guide cells to maintain stable elongation and alignment, even at large micro‐stripe width of 100 μm. This study presents a promising strategy to precisely construct micro/nano multi‐level patterned structure on Ti substrate using biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility. These functional micro/nano hybrid micropatterns offer a powerful platform for regulating bioreagent localization and cell behaviors in various applications including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug screening, and biosensors.
Green and Climate Finance for Sustainability: Hybrid Review and Framework Development
Authors: Joshipura Mayank , Nasrallah Nohade , Kedia Nikita
Published: January 2025

At the confluence of economic and environmental stewardship, climate finance upsurges as a dire necessity. The present study aims to synthesize the scattered literature on climate and green finance using bibliometric and content analysis of 631 and 53 articles, respectively. It also provides an integrated framework to gauge novel insights and theoretical underpinnings, proposing future research directions. We conclude with four emerging clusters: (a) financing for climate resilience and energy transition, (b) catalysts for eco‐innovation, (c) external and internal financing, and (d) enablers and barriers. The study has practical and theoretical implications for governments, policymakers, businesses, and financiers. Green finance is a key enabler of sustainable development, particularly in promoting the transition to ecological and renewable energy projects to align with broader social, economic, and environmental goals.
Hierarchically Assembled Mn2O3/Porous Graphene Electrodes Synthesized via High Speed and Continuous Laser‐Scribing Strategy for High‐Performance Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Son Sangjun , Kim Jihong , Wi Sung Min , Kang Sungsan , Cho Younghyun , Park Jong Bae , Jang A‐Rang , Pak Sangyeon , Lee Young‐Woo
Published: January 2025

Micro‐supercapacitors (mSCs) have emerged as next‐generation energy storage components suitable for portable, flexible, and eco‐friendly electronic device system. In particular, electric double‐layer (EDL) mSCs utilizing flexible graphene electrodes have gained significant attention due to their quick and efficient charge/discharge capabilities. Despite significant progress in fabricating mSCs, particularly through the development of laser‐induced graphene (LIG) for creating 3D porous electrodes, challenges remain in increasing both energy and power densities. One promising strategy to address these challenges is the incorporation of pseudo‐capacitive materials into the 3D graphene structure. However, conventional methods for embedding pseudo‐capacitive materials often involve complex and additional labor‐intensive steps to the manufacturing process. In this work, we introduce a high‐speed mSC fabrication method (< 5 min) that employs a continuous laser‐scribing process to directly integrate Mn2O3, a pseudo‐capacitive material, onto LIG electrodes, forming hierarchical Mn2O3/LIG structure. By precisely controlling the fabrication parameter, this approach can significantly improve the electrochemical performance by optimizing the density and thickness of Mn2O3, leading to 550.5% increase in capacitance and energy density compared to the LIG electrode. Additionally, the mSCs exhibit outstanding cyclic (> 88% @ 20,000 cycles) and mechanical stability (@ bending radius of 5 mm), confirming their potential for seamless integration into electronic circuits. This innovation not only simplifies the production process of high‐performance mSCs but also broadens their potential applications in sustainable and compact electronic device system.
Improving Low‐Temperature Tolerance of a Lithium‐Ion Battery by a Localized High‐Concentration Electrolyte Based on the Weak Solvation Effect
Authors: Sun Jinlong , Yao Yijie , Cui Xiaoling , Luo Jing , Zhang Junwei , Zhao Yanjun , Wang Hui , Zhou Junfei , Zhu Junlong , Wang Yinong , Li Chunlei , Zhang Ningshuang , Zhang Lijuan , Li Shiyou , Zhao Dongni
Published: January 2025

Due to the strong affinity between the solvent and Li+, the desolvation process of Li+ at the interface as a rate‐controlling step slows down, which greatly reduces the low‐temperature electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and thus limits its wide application in energy storage. Herein, to improve the low‐temperature tolerance, a localized high‐concentration electrolyte based on weak solvation (Wb‐LHCE) has been designed by adding a diluent hexafluorobenzene (FB) in a weak solvating solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). Combining theoretical calculations with characterization tests, it is found that with the addition of diluent FB, the dipole–dipole interaction between the diluent and the solvent causes FB to compete with Li+ for THF. This competition causes the solvent to move away from Li+, weakening the binding energy between Li+ and THF, whereas the anions are transported into the solvation shell of Li+, forming an anion‐rich solvation structure. In addition to accelerating the Li+ desolvation process, this unique solvation structure optimizes the composition of the CEI film, making it thin, dense, homogeneous, and rich in inorganic components, and thus improving the interfacial stability of the battery. As a result, the assembled LiFePO4/Li half‐cell shows excellent electrochemical performances at low temperature. That is, it can maintain a high discharge specific capacity of 124.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a rate of 0.2C at −20°C. This provides an attractive avenue for the design of advanced low‐temperature electrolytes and improvement of battery tolerance to harsh conditions.
Advanced Gesture Recognition Method Based on Fractional Fourier Transform and Relevance Vector Machine for Smart Home Appliances
Authors: Hong‐qin Xie , Yuan‐yuan Zhao
Published: January 2025

Addressing the challenges of low feature extraction dimensions and insufficient distinct information for gesture differentiation for smart home appliances, this article proposed an innovative gesture recognition algorithm, integrating fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) with relevance vector machine (RVM). The process involves using FrFT to transform raw gesture data into the fractional domain, thereby expanding the dimensions of information extraction. Subsequently, high‐dimensional feature vectors are created from fractional domain, and RVM classifiers are employed for joint optimization of feature selection and classification decision functions, achieving optimal classification performance. A dataset was constructed using five different types of gestures recorded on the TI millimeter‐wave radar platform to validate the effectiveness of this method. The experimental results demonstrate that the RVM selected the optimal FrFT order of 0.6, with the best feature set comprising fractional spectral entropy, peak factor, and second‐order central moment. Recognition rates for each gesture exceeded 96.2%, with an average rate of 98.5%. This performance surpasses three comparative methods in both recognition accuracy and real‐time processing, indicating high potential for future applications.
Acute Left Main Coronary Artery Compression After Harmony‐TPV Implantation
Authors: López‐Tejero Sergio , Benson Lee , Horlick Eric , Osten Mark
Published: January 2025

We present an 18‐year‐old male with Fallot's tetralogy (ToF) repaired with a transannular and main pulmonary artery (PA) patch, who suffered an acute coronary artery compression after a Harmony‐TPV deployment. Left main coronary artery compression was confirmed with angiography and IVUS. He underwent emergent surgery, with a bioprosthetic valve replacement.
The Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chitturi Kalyan R. , Kumar Sant , Frisancho Flavia Tejada , Rahman Sana , Verma Beni Rai , Cellamare Matteo , Merdler Ilan , Ozturk Sevket Tolga , Cermak Vijoli , Sawant Vaishnavi , Zhang Cheng , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Waksman Ron , Hashim Hayder D. , Case Brian C.
Published: January 2025

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more susceptible to microvascular complications. However, whether DM is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is unclear. This observational study used data from the Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry (CMDR) (NCT05960474) and included patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) who underwent invasive CMD evaluation using the CoroVentis CoroFlow System (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA). Patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and microvascular physiology results were analyzed. Among the 271 patients, 73 (26.9%) had DM. These patients were more likely to be African American (68.1% vs. 47.0%) and had higher rates of hypertension (93.2% vs. 74.2%), hyperlipidemia (89.0% vs. 68.7%), and chronic kidney disease (17.8% vs. 8.1%) than those without DM. Invasive coronary functional testing showed no significant differences in the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) (17.82 ± 8.17 vs. 19.37 ± 13.14, p = 0.268) or coronary flow reserve (CFR) (3.24 ± 1.73 vs. 3.21 ± 1.86, p = 0.909) between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Similarly, in those testing positive for CMD, there were no significant differences in IMR (27.8 ± 7.4 vs. 32.35 ± 15.22, p = 0.108) or CFR (2.42 ± 1.09 vs. 2.05 ± 0.94, p = 0.199). Although patients with DM exhibited more comorbidities, CMD physiology indices were comparable between the groups.
Recent Developments for the Ring Opening of Pyrrolidines and Unstrained Cyclic Amines via C–N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Ota Eisuke , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the deconstructive transformation of unstrained cyclic amines via C–N bond cleavage has emerged as a powerful strategy for expanding chemical space and facilitating the synthesis of structurally diverse molecules. Notably, advancements in the C–N bond cleavage of pyrrolidine and other unstrained cyclic amines have highlighted the significant potential of this approach in modern organic synthesis. This concept reviews recent developments in the C–N bond cleavage reaction, with a primary focus on pyrrolidines, while also exploring broader progress in related systems.
Limit Analysis and Seismic Performance of Mortar‐Bonded and ECC Layered Masonry Arches
Authors: Avasthi Rajat , Kumar Subodh , Rai Durgesh C.
Published: January 2025

Static limit analysis is one of the primary methods for analyzing the failure of masonry arch vaults. The limit analysis method for masonry arch was initially developed for gravity load analysis of the masonry arch vaults and later extended for lateral dynamic loads. The limit analysis theory neglects any tensile strength at the joints of the blocks. However, this assumption is not true for all types of arches, especially mortar‐bonded arches and continuous cohesive arches. In the current study, the shake table experiments were conducted on small‐scale masonry bonded arches, and their behavior was simulated in the finite element (FE) environment. The reinforced arch vaults with Engineered Cementitious composite (ECC) were also tested on the shake table, and their performance was found to be significantly improved in dynamic lateral loads. Taking into consideration the behavior of the experimental and FE models, the current theory of limit analysis for masonry arch vaults was modified for mortar bonded arch with finite tensile strength. The limit loads derived from the formulation and the limit loads obtained from analyzing the FE model showed a strong agreement in their results. Limit load analysis was also performed for the ECC reinforced arch, and the results showed a significant increase in the lateral load‐carrying capacity of the ECC reinforced arch.
Seismic Design and Fragility of Self‐Centering Bridge Bent With Replaceable Stretch Length Anchors
Authors: Neupane Suman , Pantelides Chris P.
Published: January 2025

Seismic performance assessment of a modified two‐column bridge bent of an existing bridge is presented. The columns of the existing bridge are posttensioned with high strength steel bars. The modified bridge bent combines self‐centering, from unbonded posttensioned (PT) bars with low initial posttensioning stress in the columns, with energy dissipation by replaceable external stretch length anchors (SLAs) attached at the column ends. SLAs are replaceable anchors that dissipate hysteretic energy through tension‐only action without buckling or any significant reduction of column self‐centering ability. An analysis method for evaluating the nonlinear static pushover of the modified bridge bent is described and validated with experiments. A fiber‐based numerical model of the bridge bent is developed in OpenSees. The OpenSees model is used to perform cyclic and time history analyses of the three configurations with PT bars and SLAs and develop fragility functions for the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of damage parameters based on the drift ratio. The fragility functions show that the modified Riverdale Bridge bent with SLAs can withstand a spectral acceleration of 3.3 × g for both near‐field (NF) and far‐field (FF) earthquakes while maintaining excellent self‐centering performance. The presence of replaceable SLAs contributes to the redundancy and functionality of the lateral force resisting system. The analysis method and fragility functions for the maximum drift ratio and the maximum residual drift can be used in performance‐based seismic design of self‐centering bridge bents with SLAs.
Influence of Seismic Direction on Dynamic Responses of Wind Turbine in Operation: An Experimental Study by Combining Wind Tunnel and Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Ma Baowei , Zhou Annan , Lin Kun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates dynamic responses of wind turbines subjected to combined seismic and wind loads, with a particular focus on the influence of seismic input angles and the effect of aerodynamic damping. A wind tunnel‐shaking table (WTST) test platform was developed, capable of applying seismic and wind loads simultaneously. A 1:100 scale model wind turbine was tested using El‐Centro and Taft seismic records, sourced from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Strong Ground Motion Database, which were adjusted for amplitude and time to simulate realistic loading conditions. The experiments included a fixed wind input direction and seven different seismic input directions across six operational conditions (including the parked condition) to assess the influence of seismic direction on the dynamic responses of wind turbines in operation. The results show that as the seismic input angle increases from 0° to 180°, nacelle displacement initially decreases and then increases, with similar trends in nacelle acceleration and vibration. Increasing wind speed leads to a gradual reduction in nacelle displacement. While the standard deviation of acceleration initially decreases as the turbine transitions from stopped to operational, it becomes wind‐speed independent thereafter. The peak tower moment occurs in the side‐to‐side (S‐S) direction at a seismic input angle of 90°, and the acceleration amplification factor can soar to 4 at 0° and 180° seismic input angles, indicating up to a fourfold magnification of input acceleration at the nacelle. This study provides experimental evidence that seismic direction and aerodynamic damping are critical factors when evaluating the safety and reliability of operational wind turbines in earthquake‐prone areas.
A Decadal Bibliometric Analysis on the Therapeutic Strategies in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Saini Ravinder S. , Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Heboyan Artak , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness that mostly affects the oral mucosa but may also affect other mucous membrane. It has higher prevalence in female patients of fourth to sixth decade of life with reticular being the commonest clinical variant. Clinical assessment, patient history, biopsy findings, and immunofluorescence were used to diagnose OLP. This study aimed to assess research publication trends in therapeutic strategies in the treatment of OLP, examining publication growth, country and institution contributions, and collaborative networks.

Methods

Using the Dimensions and Lens.org databases with Boolean operators combined the keywords a total of 40,046 peer‐reviewed international publications were initially assessed. The article was selected from 2014 to December 2023. Through rigorous application of inclusion and exclusion criteria using an advanced search, a subset of 134 papers emerged to meet the high relevance standards. This subset, constituting a representative sample, was selected for in‐depth bibliometric analysis.

Results and Conclusion

The result shows a clear upward trend in the number of publications, with a notable increase in 2018. After 2018, there is decrease in the number of publications, but it has an upward trend, reaching a peak of 215 in 2022. Chaitanya Nallan CSK leads the list of authors with four publications and a respectable total citation count of 12. Cairo University is the leading institution in this data set, with the 8 number of publications and 11 citations. The analysis revealed that at the top of the list is the “Egyptian Dental Journal” from Egypt, with six publications, four citations, and a link strength of two. In the second position is “BMC Oral Health” from the United Kingdom, with five publications, one citation, and a link strength of three. This study offers valuable insights for future research, clinical practice, and policy decisions.
Effects of COVID‐19 Lockdowns on Alcohol Consumption, Hangovers and Smoking Among Young Adults (n = 140) in Germany: An On‐Line Study
Authors: Merlo Agnese , Koyun Anna H. , Hendriksen Pauline A. , Garssen Johan , Bruce Gillian , Stock Ann‐Kathrin , Verster Joris C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study investigated the impact of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) lockdowns on alcohol consumption and smoking behavior among young adults from Germany.

Methods

An online survey was completed by N = 317 young adults living in Germany. Of these, 140 (44.2%) consumed alcohol and were included in the analysis. They reported on alcohol consumption, hangover frequency and severity, and smoking behavior across four time periods: (1) “BP” (the period before the COVID‐19 pandemic), (2) “L1” (the first lockdown; March–May, 2020), (3), NL1 (the no lock‐down period; summer 2020), and (4) L2 (the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021).

Results

During L1, a significant decrease was observed in weekly alcohol intake, the number of drinking days, and the number of days where more than eight alcoholic drinks were consumed. Whereas hangover frequency was significantly increased during L1, hangover severity was significantly reduced. During NL1, drinking behaviors returned to BP levels. During L2, the decrease in alcohol consumption was much smaller, and not significantly different from BP. However, compared to BP, during L2 hangover frequency was significantly increased and hangover severity was significantly reduced. With regards to smoking, no significant differences compared to BP were found.

Conclusions

During the COVID‐19 lockdown periods in Germany, a significant decrease in alcohol consumption was observed among this group of young adults. Whereas hangover frequency was significantly increased during the lockdown periods, hangover severity was significantly reduced.
“Cell dedifferentiation” versus “evolutionary reversal” theories of cancer: The direct contest of transcriptomic features
Authors: Vinogradov Alexander E. , Anatskaya Olga V.
Published: January 2025

Cell dedifferentiation is considered an important hallmark of cancer. The atavistic reversal to a unicellular‐like (UC) state is a less widely accepted concept, so far not included in the conventional hallmarks. The activated expression of ontogenetically earlier and evolutionary earlier genes in cancers supports both theories because ontogenesis partially recapitulates phylogenesis during cell differentiation (the cellular biogenetic law). We directly contested both types of gene signatures in stem vs. differentiated and cancer vs. normal cells, using meta‐analysis of human single‐cell transcriptomes (totally, 38 pairwise comparisons involving over 18,600 cells). Because compared cells can differ in proliferation rate, the correction for cell cycle activity was applied. Taken together as multiple variables in stem vs. differentiated cells analyses, the ontogenetic signature excluded the UC signature from predictive variables, usually even forcing it to change the sign of prediction (from plus to minus). In contrast, in cancer vs. normal cells, the UC signature excluded the ontogenetic signature. Thus, the direct contest decided in favor of the atavistic theory and placed a UC‐like state as a central hallmark of cancer, which has a plausible evolutionarily formed mechanism (UC attractor) and can generate other hallmarks. These data suggest a paradigm shift in the understanding of oncogenesis and propose an integrative framework for cancer research. In a practical sense, the upregulation of UC signature over ontogenetic signature indicates potential tumorigenicity, which can be used in early diagnostics and regenerative medicine. For therapy, these results suggest the UC center of cellular networks as a universal target.
Relationship Between Career Adaptability and Competitive Attitudes Among Chinese College Students
Authors: Gao Wenjuan , Tang Wenhao , Wang Jiang
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Previous research highlights the strong correlation between certain personality traits and individual career adaptability levels, yet the role of competitive personality remains underexplored. This study aims to fill the gaps by assessing the relationship between competitive attitudes and career adaptability among Chinese college students.

Methods

A multi‐stage stratified random sampling approach was used to conduct a cross‐sectional survey of 692 undergraduate students from a top university in China. The final sample comprised 22.11% females and 77.89% males, aged 18−24, with a mean age of 19.54 years (SD = 2.16). Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between competitive attitudes and career adaptability.

Results

Results showed that the average scores among college students were 10.068 for feelings for competition, 8.876 for beliefs about competition, and 7.802 for behavioral tendencies of competition. Significant gender differences were observed across all three dimensions (p < 0.01). In terms of career adaptability, the average scores for career concern, career control, career curiosity, and career confidence were 14.802, 15.601, 15.678, and 15.828, respectively, with no significant gender differences. Feelings for the competition had significantly negative impacts on career control and career curiosity (with coefficients of −0.149 and −0.110, respectively). Conversely, beliefs about competition had significant positive effects on career concern, control, curiosity, and confidence (with coefficients of 0.223, 0.200, 0.207, and 0.162, respectively).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that feelings for competition hinder the development of career adaptability, whereas beliefs about competition contribute positively to enhancing career adaptability.
Effects of Non‐Feeding on Development in a Teleost, Minami‐Medaka, Oryzias latipes: Identification of Eleutheroembryonic Stage for Potential Alternative Regulatory Toxicology Tests Along the 3R Principles
Authors: Myosho Taijun , Kashima Makoto , Iguchi Taisen , Kobayashi Tohru
Published: January 2025

Fish in the eleutheroembryonic life stage are defined as embryos or hatched fry before external self‐feeding begins, and this stage is not classified as a protected life stage according to the EU (Directive 2010/63/EU) because of its alignment with the 3R principles (replacement, reduction, and refinement). In Minami‐medaka (Oryzias latipes), the eleutheroembryonic stage is considered to extend until hatching, according to OECD TG210, whereas no supporting evidence to identify this stage has yet been reported. To clarify the medaka eleutheroembryonic stage, we investigated the effects of non‐feeding on survival, growth, and gene expression in the NIES‐R, Hd‐rR, and d‐rR strains. Non‐feeding did not affect survival up to 6 days post‐hatching (dph) in any strain, with survival rates exceeding 80%. However, non‐feeding beyond 8 dph reduced the survival rates to below 50% at 30 dph. Fish growth, measured as total length, was not significantly affected by non‐feeding up to 6 dph, except for the Hd‐rR. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to non‐feeding revealed that autophagy‐related DEGs (wipi2, wdr45, wipi1, atg14, and map1lc3b) were found from 43 autophagy‐related genes. map1lc3b and the other DEGs were upregulated after 4 and 6 days of non‐feeding, respectively. However, the effect of non‐feeding up to 6 dph was rescued by feeding. Together, the medaka fry < 6 dph were considered to be in the eleutheroembryonic stage for at least up to 4 dph, suggesting that hatched fry can be used to evaluate chemical toxicity and endocrine‐disrupting activity according to the 3R principles.

This study indicated that non‐feeding did not affect survival up to 6 dph in NIES‐R, Hd‐rR, and d‐rR strains of Minami‐medaka, and fish growth was not affected by non‐feeding up to 6 dph, except in the Hd‐rR strain. Additionally, autophagy‐related gene expression upregulated by non‐feeding but was rescued by feeding. Together, we demonstrate for the first time that fry < 6 dph are in the eleutheroembryonic stage for at least up to 4 dph in Minami‐medaka (Oryzias latipes).
Proteasomal Dysfunction in Cancer: Mechanistic Pathways and Targeted Therapies
Authors: Bagde Pranit Hemant , Kandpal Meenakshi , Rani Annu , Kumar Sachin , Mishra Amit , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: January 2025

Proteasomes are the catalytic complexes in eukaryotic cells that decide the fate of proteins involved in various cellular processes in an energy‐dependent manner. The proteasomal system performs its function by selectively destroying the proteins labelled with the small protein ubiquitin. Dysfunctional proteasomal activity is allegedly involved in various clinical disorders such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, ageing, and so forth, making it an important therapeutic target. Notably, compared to healthy cells, cancer cells have a higher protein homeostasis requirement and a faster protein turnover rate. The ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) helps cancer cells increase rapidly and experience less apoptotic cell death. Therefore, understanding UPS is essential to design and discover some effective inhibitors for cancer therapy. Hereby, we have focused on the role of the 26S proteasome complex, mainly the UPS, in carcinogenesis and seeking potential therapeutic targets in treating numerous cancers.
Validation of CBCL depression scores of adolescents in three independent datasets
Authors: Zelenina Marie , Pine Daniel S. , Stringaris Argyris , Nielson Dylan M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Depression is common, burdensome, and is frequently first diagnosed in adolescents. The popular Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset (ABCD) provides an attractive opportunity to research depression in adolescents. The only continuous measure of depression, as defined by DSM‐5, in ABCD is the Child Behavior Checklist's DSM‐5‐Oriented Affective Problems scale (CBCL‐Aff). We validated CBCL‐Aff in the ABCD data and confirmed our results on two independent datasets: the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) and the Brazilian High Risk Cohort Study (BHRC).

Methods

We tested Sensitivity, Specificity and Strict Specificity. Our participants were aged 8–11 years (ABCD) or 8–12 years (HBN, BHRC). Sample size was 183–1189 participants, depending on the analysis. Sample sizes and positive case ratios were established from power estimations. We evaluated goodness of prediction with AUCROCs.

Results

In ABCD with parent‐report diagnoses, CBCL‐Aff had the AUCROC value of 0.95 in the Sensitivity and 0.87 in the Specificity analysis. In ABCD with child‐report diagnoses, CBCL‐Aff had the AUCROC of 0.62 (Sensitivity), 0.48 (Specificity) and 0.46 (Strict Specificity). In HBN and BHRC, CBCL‐Aff successfully predicted clinician‐report diagnoses (HBN Sensitivity: AUCROC = 0.86, Specificity: AUCROC = 0.71; BHRC Sensitivity: AUCROC = 0.90, Specificity: AUCROC = 0.80, Strict Specificity: AUCROC = 0.78).

Conclusions

We validated CBCL‐Aff as a measure of depression in adolescents aged 8–11 years and we recommend its use with the following limitation: as parents and children disagreed on the child's symptoms, we discuss implications of using a parent‐report only measure of child depression.
Effects of agronomical practices on potato growth, nutritional profile, and suitability for frying
Authors: Bruno Francesca , Hein Ingo , Jorat M Ehsan , Ledbetter Moira , Harrower Brian , Davies Ben , Sturrock Keith , Montague Gary , Knott Malcolm , McNamara Ged , Fiore Alberto
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the effect of sulfur nutrition, basalt rock aggregate (BA) application, with a carbon capture function, and speed breeding under light‐emitting diode (LED) light, on the nutritional profile of potatoes and acrylamide formation in crisp production.

RESULTS

Taurus potatoes grown with sulfur showed reduced glucose, sucrose, and total amino acids, and increased asparagine. No difference in acrylamide content was observed in crisps from Taurus and Lady Claire cultivars, with either sulfur or BA application. Speed breeding under LED light reduced plant height in all cultivars (50–60 cm) in comparison with controls (80–90 cm). Tubers grown under LED light exhibited higher levels of glucose and fructose, and increased formation of acrylamide in crisps (78.90% for Lady Claire, 592.58% for Taurus, and 70.25% for Desiree).

CONCLUSIONS

Sulfur fertilization could benefit certain potato cultivars by lowering sugar levels in the tubers. Basal rock aggregate can be applied safely during the growth of potatoes as an innovative tool for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, with no negative effect on tubers’ nutritional profile and no influence on acrylamide formation in crisps. The LED light conditions proved to be unsuitable for potato growth, especially if the potatoes were destined for the frying industry, increasing both sugars and acrylamide content. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Variations in ECM Topography, Fiber Alignment, Mechanical Stiffness, and Cellular Composition Between Ventral and Dorsal Ligamentum Flavum Layers: Insights Into Hypertrophy Pathogenesis
Authors: Tu Ting‐Yuan , Hsu Yu‐Chia , Yang Chia‐En , Shyong Yan‐Jye , Kuo Cheng‐Hsiang , Liu Yuan‐Fu , Shih Shu‐Shien , Lin Cheng‐Li
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have suggested that changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a significant role in the development of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) and the histological differences between the ventral and dorsal layers of the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum. Although LFH is associated with increased fibrosis in the dorsal layer, comprehensive research exploring the characteristics of the ECM and its mechanical properties in both regions is limited. Furthermore, the distribution of fibrosis‐associated myofibroblasts within LFH remains poorly understood. This study aimed to bridge the existing knowledge gap concerning the intricate relationships between ECM characteristics, mechanical properties, and myofibroblast expression in LFH.

Methods

Histological staining, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the components, alignment, and mechanical properties of the ECM. Immunostaining and western blot analyses were performed to assess the distribution of myofibroblasts in LF tissues.

Results

There were notable differences between the dorsal and ventral layers of the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. Specifically, the dorsal layer exhibited higher collagen content and disorganized fibrous alignment, resulting in reduced stiffness. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a significantly greater presence of α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA)‐stained cells, a marker for myofibroblasts, in the dorsal layer.

Conclusions

This study offers comprehensive insights into LFH by elucidating the distinctive ECM characteristics, mechanical properties, and cellular composition disparities between the ventral and dorsal layers. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of LFH and may inform future research and therapeutic strategies.
Component/Stimulus‐Dependent Multi‐Exciton Emission in Zr(IV)‐Based Organic Metal Halides Triggered by Supramolecular Assembly and Antimony Doping
Authors: Peng Hui , Tian Wei , Wei Qilin , Kong Linghang , Dai Guang , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: January 2025

Recently, Sb3+‐activated 0D Zr(IV)‐based metal halides have gained enormous attention for their unique optical properties. However, realizing efficient white emission and multiple reversible emissions in a single system remains a great challenge. Parallelly, the currently reported Sb3+‐activated Zr(IV)‐based organic metal halides are mainly through aimless regulation of the type of A‐site organic cations, severely limiting their development. Herein, all‐inorganic Cs2ZrCl6:Sb3+ is employed as the conformational model, three different compounds of Sb3+‐doped [18‐crown‐6@A]2ZrCl6 (A = K, Rb, Cs) are developed via supramolecular assembly. All compounds show efficient tunable white emission with luminous efficiency of 91.28% for [18‐crown‐6@K]2ZrCl6:Sb3+, 84.84% for [18‐crown‐6@Rb]2ZrCl6:Sb3+, and 78.63% for [18‐crown‐6@Cs]2ZrCl6:Sb3+, which shall stem from Sb3+‐induced multi‐exciton emission in [SbCl6]3− octahedron. Particularly, the strong supramolecular interaction can enhance the structural rigidity and suppress nonradiative transitions, which is the dominated reason for [18‐crown‐6@A]2ZrCl6:Sb3+ exhibits efficient emission. The component/excitation/temperature/moisture‐dependent multiple reversible PL switching characteristics are observed in Sb3+‐doped [18‐crown‐6@A]2ZrCl6, which allows to demonstrate their applications in advanced optical anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption. Moreover, a single‐component white light‐emitting diode is also fabricated, which shows a high color rendering index of 96.1. Therefore, the work provides a feasible scheme for designing organic Zr(IV) halides with fascinating optical properties.
Single‐Shot on‐Chip Diffractive Speckle Spectrometer with High Spectral Channel Density
Authors: Zhang Zimeng , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin , Xu Ke
Published: January 2025

The research on chip‐scale spectrometers is driven by the growing demand for miniaturized and integrated spectral sensors. The performance trade‐off between spectral resolution and bandwidth is one of the primary challenges for the community. While substantial progress has been made toward a vast number of spectral channels to overcome this issue, they either relied on sophisticated tuning mechanisms or required huge chip areas. In this work, a single‐shot spectrometer is demonstrated based on all passive on‐chip diffractive metasurfaces which is able to create the speckle pattern with richness of spectral information. By scaling the diffractive structure to three layers of metasurfaces, the number of spectral channels resolved from the speckle can be significantly increased due to the cascaded diffraction behaviors. The device is fabricated via a standard silicon photonic foundry with CMOS compatible process. A measured resolution of 47 pm is achieved across the bandwidth of 40 nm, yielding up to 851 spectral channels within a compact footprint of 150 µm × 300 µm. The corresponding spectral channel density reaches 18911 ch mm−2. It provides a possible means to develop single‐shot and compact on‐chip spectrometers beyond the resolution‐bandwidth limit.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Polymer Co‐Networks via the Growth of a Living RAFT Network
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Zhang Yihan , Patrickios Costas S. , Jin Jianyong
Published: January 2025

In this study, a different approach for synthesizing amphiphilic polymer co‐networks (APCNs) via the growth of a living RAFT (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) network, is presented. For the hydrophilic parent RAFT network, 2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) is used as the hydrophilic/polar monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 700 (PEGDA 700) as the hydrophilic cross‐linker, S,S‐Dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTTC) as the RAFT agent, and 5,10,15,20‐Tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine zinc (ZnTPP) as the photocatalyst. Subsequently, the hydrophobic monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) is incorporated into the parent network to form the amphiphilic daughter network, following the network growth protocol established by the group in 2019. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to characterize the resulting APCN daughter network. Most importantly, the amphiphilicity of the APCN network is evaluated through swelling tests in water and n‐hexane. This approach offers advantages in tuning the network's amphiphilicity by simply adjusting the photogrowth time or the crosslinking density of the parent gel. Also, this technique can reduce the time and effort required to produce APCNs.
Algorithm‐Generated Identity Labeling Promotes Identity‐Consistent Product Preferences
Authors: Shen Zhengyu , Hu Yunxuan , Yin Yunlu
Published: January 2025

A surging amount of companies have employed algorithms to generate identity labels for consumers, aiming to attract their interest and boost their engagement in marketing activities. However, it remains unclear whether consumers' social and product preferences may be shaped by the identity labels generated by the platform, depending on the source of these labels (i.e., whether identity labels are generated by algorithms or humans). Three studies covering different scenarios involving various identity labels and their corresponding identity‐consistent products show that algorithm‐generated (vs. human‐generated) identity labels enhance consumers' preferences for identity‐consistent products. We further demonstrate that this effect occurs because consumers exposed to algorithm‐generated identity labels exhibit a heightened expected accuracy of algorithmic predictions and a stronger strength of identification, which subsequently fosters their identity‐consistent product preferences. Our findings advance the understanding of consumer responses to algorithm‐generated information and offer valuable insights for companies to leverage algorithmic technology to nudge consumer behavior.
Optic Disc Pallor in Parkinson's Disease: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Gibbon Samuel , Breen David P. , MacGillivray Thomas J. ,   UK Biobank Eye & Vision Consortium
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent studies have suggested that retinal changes measured with optical coherence tomography are detectable in early Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the potential of ophthalmic biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.

Objective

We set out to investigate the relationship between optic disc pallor measured in fundoscopy images and both prevalent and incident PD.

Methods

We analyzed color fundus photographs from 787 UK Biobank participants: 89 with prevalent PD, 317 with incident PD, and 381 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Optic disc pallor in several zones was quantified using semi‐automated software. We used logistic and linear regression, adjusted for relevant covariates, to test for associations between disc pallor and PD status and duration.

Results

Participants with prevalent PD had significantly paler optic discs globally (OR per standard deviation [SD] increase = 1.39 [CI: 1.08–1.81], P = 0.012) and across several zones compared to controls. Each year since PD diagnosis was associated with a 1.37 SD increase in global pallor (standardized β = 1.37 [SE = 0.61], P = 0.029), and a similar increase across several zones, however, this finding was sensitive to outliers with long disease duration. No significant associations were observed for the incident PD group.

Conclusions

Optic disc pallor is significantly associated with PD and may become more pronounced with disease duration. This suggests that optic disc pallor, measured in routinely taken color fundus photographs, may serve as a biomarker for PD‐related neurodegeneration. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.