bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprender a vivir en compañía
Authors: Vásquez Monzón Olga
Published: September 2021

The ecological, social, economic and political crisis that the planet faces today is the result of the primacy of the mode of conquest and domination justified by the modern utopia of progress and unlimited prosperity over the principle of care, says Leonardo Boff (2004 ). Restoring this principle as the foundation of human coexistence implies rethinking the role of the school as the main socializing institution: learning to live in company implies learning to take care of oneself, to take care of others and to take care of the environment. This text is an essay on the foundation of coexistence in school from the beginning of care. The objective is to offer a series of approaches that motivate the discussion of management teams, teachers, students, families and community organizations about the way of coexistence that predominates in the local school.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 157, 2021: 149-175.
“Vivimos en una sociedad donde a los jóvenes se nos están cerrando puertas”
Authors: Serrano Arias Luis Felipe , Villatoro Hernández Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

This essay exposes the need to strengthen the paradigms for formulating youth employ ability programs, in which an adult-centered approach predominates. This is evidenced in the solutions proposed to young people, whose origin is to satisfy a need of companies for employees trained for productive purposes (Human Capital Theory). Given this, more integrative perspectives emerge, such as Community Youth Development, which bets on youth growth beyond the economic; and that if they are incorporated as the foundation of said programs, they would allow more significant results. These evaluations arise from the findings of a qualitative, phenomenological and intensive research, carried out in 2019 and 2020, which analyzes through a case study, the formulation and scope of a Successful Youth Employ ability Program in light of the principles and indicators of Community Youth Development.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 157, 2021: 177-194.
La sombra del martinato. Autoritarismo y lucha opositora en El Salvador 1931-1945, de Luis Gerardo Monterrosa Cubías
Authors: Rodríguez Castillo Luis
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 157, 2021: 255-266.
MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL DELIVERY OF DRUGS - CHALLENGES AND PRESENT ASPECTS
Authors: Reddy H. V. Raghavendra , Bhattacharyya Sayani ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, 12/1, Chikka Bellandur, Carmelaram Gunjur Road, Varthur Hobli, Off Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560035,India
Published: September 2021

Buccal delivery is an interesting route of delivery owing to the easy administration of drugs. Buccal delivery releases the drug into the oral cavity and promotes absorption through the oral mucosa and transmucosa to achieve local and systemic actions. This route of delivery can be successfully used to attain site-specific release of drug on mucosa. The suitable architecture of oral mucosa makes it suitable for delivery of drugs that extensively undergo hepatic first pass and presystemic metabolism. The limited surface area for absorption, mucosal barrier and other physiological activities, however, limit the rate of absorption from the oral cavity. The obstacles of oral route can be overcome using mucoadhesive dosage forms with innovative drug delivery systems. This review addresses the anatomical features of oral cavity, barriers in drug absorption from oral cavity, possible ways of oral drug delivery, mucoadhesion and the recent developments in mucoadhesive buccal delivery.
EFFECT OF OLMESARTAN ON PHARMACODYNAMICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF GLIMEPIRIDE AND METFORMIN COMBINATION IN ANIMAL MODELS
Authors: Beere Nagaraju , K.V. Anil Kumar
Published: September 2021

To establish the safety and efficacy of drug-drug combinations in diabetic hypertensive patients, the present study was designed to identify the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic influence of olmesartan on glimepiride + metformin combination in normal rats, diabetic rats and normal rabbits using treatment of single and multiple doses. Blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose by GOD/POD method, insulin by elISA and serum glimepiride levels by HPlC method at pre-determined time intervals. Olmesartan showed significant synergistic hypoglycemic activity with glimepiride + metformin as well as elevated serum insulin levels in single and multiple-dose combinations in both rats and rabbits. The pharmacokinetic interactions of this combination are evidenced by a significant increase in AUMC0-t, AUMC0-∞ and MRT and there is a decrease in clearance (Cl) of glimepiride + metformin with single and multiple-dose treatment of olmesartan. Hence, care must be taken by physicians while prescribing olmesartan and glimepiride + metformin combination in a clinical situation.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND HPTLC STUDIES ON SELECTED INDIAN SPICE EXTRACTS
Authors: Soni P. , Soni V. , Sharma P. ,   a Department of Herbal Drug Research, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Research Centre, Mhow Neemuch Road, Mandsaur 458 001, India
Published: September 2021

The present work was carried out with a view to analyze the major phytochemical compounds of Indian spices, dalchini (Cinnamon zeylanicum) bark and coriander (Coriander sativum) fruit. Hydro-alcoholic extracts were prepared from selected spices and analyzed for extract yield, loss on drying (LOD) and pH. phytochemical compounds such as total alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins were quantified by spectrometric methods. Hydro-alcoholic extracts from selected spices revealed the pH to be between 5.36-5.62, loss on drying 12.54–15.41% and extract yield 8.62–29.19%w/w. Among the investigated samples, higher levels of alkaloids (2.63%) and flavanoids (3.42%) were found in C. sativum while C. zeylanicum exhibited high content of total phenolics (3.35%) and tannins (0.82%). The hydro-alcoholic extracts were subjected to HPTLC analysis and the results suggested the presence of two different major phytochemical compounds in C. zeylanicum, whereas Coriander sativum extract displayed three major peak. C. sativum extracts showed relatively similar spots with Rf values, which indicates the presence of four similar types of flavonoids in each extract. Due to the presence of various phytochemical constituents and favorable extract yield, LOD and pH, the presently investigated spice extracts can be used in drug formulations.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES OF ISOLATED CITRUS BIOFLAVONOID FROM ORANGE: CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST COLON CANCER CELL LINES COLO 320DM AND HT29
Authors: Randive D. S , Shejawal K. P. , Bhinge S. D , Bhutkar M. A , Patil P. D. , Jadhav N. R. , Patil S. B.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present research was to perform green synthesis of gold nanoparticles of isolated citrus bioflavonoid from Citrus sinensis (orange) peel extract and to evaluate its anticancer potential. Methanolic extract of orange peel was obtained by Soxhlet extraction and citrus bioflavonoid was isolated by using column chromatography. Gold nanoparticles were developed by green synthesis method, wherein 1 % aqueous solution of isolated citrus bioflavonoid were mixed with 1% solution of HAuCl4 and incubated at ambient temperature for 4 to 5 hours and observed for the color change which indicated formation of nanoparticles. Obtained gold nanoparticles were evaluated by UV visible spectra, FTIR, SEM, XRD analysis and for antimicrobial potential against E coli, S.aureus and P. aeruginosa. Cytotoxicity study was carried out by using in vitro assays, namely MTT, SRB and Tryphan blue assay, against colon cancer cell line Colo 320 DM, and HT 29. results of SEM showed that nanosized particles in the range of 80-100nm were formed. Results of cytotoxicity studies revealed that CBFGNP exhibited 72.28% inhibition, against Colo320 DM whereas pure CBF showed 70.46% inhibition. Against HT 29, CBFGNP exhibited 69.79% inhibition, whereas for MTT assay and SRB assay, CBFGNP showed 80.15% and 58.29% inhibition, respectively. Moreover, CBFGNP exhibited 90.29% and 85% non viability against Colo320 DM and HT29. Based on the results, it can be concluded that gold nanoparticles of citrus bioflavonoid (CBFGNP) exhibits more cytotoxicity against Colo320 DM and HT29 as compared to pure citrus bioflavonoid when assessed by three different in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ZIPRASIDONE LOADED SOLID SELF-MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Patil Purushottam , Shaikh Malik , Mahaparale Paresh
Published: September 2021

Solid self-micro emulsification technique is the new approach for poorly water-soluble and poorly bioavailable drugs by allowing the drug substance to be incorporated into the oil phase and thus having the ability to permeate the GI membrane to a faster extent. Oleic acid, Tween 80, methanol and colloidal silicon dioxide were used as penetrant, surfactant, co-surfactant and adsorbent, respectively. The interaction between drug and excipients was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of DSC and FTIR studies did not reveal any possible drug-excipient interactions. The conversion of liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) into the solid SMEDDS increases the stability of the emulsion formulation achieved by physical adsorption of an adsorbent material. The release of drug from SMEDDS formulation is justified by in-vitro dissolution studies. SMEDDS increases the solubility of the drug and improves the bioavailability, without disturbing gastrointestinal transit. SMEDDS has the potential to provide a useful oral solid dosage form for the poorly water-soluble drug ziprasidone.
Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate on Combustion Time and Temperature of Underground Coal Gasification
Authors: Zulatama Apriansyah , Syarif Aida , Yerizam Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a process of converting coal in the ground into synthetic gas that has economic value. In the UCG process which will be carried out in the UCG prototype assisted by the presence of oxygen as a gasification agent, which this gasification agent will help the process of burning coal in the ground. The flow rate of oxygen in the process of UCG affecting the coal combustion temperature and effective flame from burning coal. The highest temperature at a flow rate of 5 l/min is 240oC, at an oxygen flow rate of 3 l/min the highest temperature is 143oC and at an oxygen flow rate of 2 l/min the highest temperature is 135oC and time effective flame at a flow rate of 5 l / min ie 80 minutes, effective burning time on the speed of the flow rate of 3 l / min ie for 120 minutes and time effective flame at a flow rate of 2 l / min ie for 165 minutes. This study proves that the greater the oxygen flow rate is used as the gasification agent at UCG process the lignite coal combustion temperatures will be high and effective flame coal combustion process will be more brief.
Automatic Cleaning System Design to Increase PV Panel Output Power
Authors: Zulfahmi Muhammad , Kusumanto RD , Bow Yohandri
Published: September 2021

The existence of the Township Housing, which is currently near the coal mine site, precisely in Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra, with a relatively open area (41 Ha) and a relatively high elevation of approximately 100 meters over the sea level, has the potential to be installed with PV panels as a solar power  plant.  Installation  of  PV  panels  in  residential  areas  close  to  coal mining activities has the potential to indirectly generate a lot of mine dust which can reduce the amount of light received by the PV panels, which in turn can affect the output power of the PV panels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of an automatic cleaning system to increase the output power of PV panels by comparing the output power of PV panels produced between PV panels with an automatic cleaning system in the form of a water sprayer with PV panels that are not equipped with a water sprayer (standard PV installation). The use of an automatic cleaning system shows an increase in the average output power of 44.56 Watt. The difference between Isc PV water sprayer and normal PV is 0.5513 A. Iload measurement on PV water sprayer is 0.1973 A higher than normal PV, while for VOC PV panel water sprayer is smaller than normal PV is about 0.45 V. For PV water sprayer Vload is 0.431 V is more significant than normal PV panels. Meanwhile, for the generated load power or Pload, the PV water sprayer is 9.47 watts higher than normal PV. From all these values, the average efficiency produced by PV water sprayer is 1.81% greater than the efficiency produced by normal PV. This study shows that PV using a water sprayer produces an average output power of 44.56 watts
Association of Abnormal Brachial Index with Diabetic Nephropathy as an Independent Risk Factor for Coronary Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients - A Retrospective Single Centre Real-World Evidence Study in Indian Population
Authors: Trehan Siddhant , Chawla Rajeev ,   North Delhi Diabetes Center, New Delhi, India, Jaggi Shalini ,   Lifecare Diabetes Centre, New Delhi, India, S Anushrita ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Palukuri Srivani ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Deka Saurav ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Makkar Brij ,   Dr. Makkar's Diabetes and Obesity Centre, New Delhi, India
Published: September 2021

Objective: To study the association between ankle brachial index (ABI) and microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with the coronary arterial disease (CAD). Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out on 3,458 T2DM patients reportedly with CAD, G1 (n=33), and without CAD, G2 (n=3125), who had given the ABI test. ABI was defined as normal (1.0 - 1.4) and abnormal (<1.0 and >1.4). The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of CAD positive outcomes in T2DM patients. Results: Overall, patient percentage-wise CAD 10% (333), abnormal ABI 26% (913), neuropathy 37% (1278), nephropathy, 8% (293), and retinopathy <1% (24). The ABI abnormality and CAD positives were higher in patients with nephropathy (32 and 20%) than in neuropathy (28 and 13%). Age-wise, 52 and 62% of neuropathy and nephropathy patients, respectively, were >60 years and had shown increased ABI abnormality from age 50 years onwards. The logistic model had shown nephropathy patients, [OR-1.8 [1.26-2.58], - p-0.001] in association with abnormal ABI, [OR-1.27 [95% CI, 0.99–1.63], p- 0.057] predicted to have CAD positive outcomes. While neuropathy, OR-0.69, [0.54 - 0.90], and hypertension, OR-0.43 [0.33 - 0.57] were not contributing towards CAD in our study population. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes patients with abnormal ABI were predicted to have a 27% increased odds ratio of CAD outcome and 80% in the presence of nephropathy. Thus, as part of comprehensive diabetes care, albuminuria screening along with ABI measurement is being suggested.
Essential Tremors: A Detailed Review
Authors:   Safehands Hospital, Gurugram, India, Garg Hitesh , Chandolia Betina ,   Sekhmet Technologies (THB), Gurgaon, India
Published: September 2021

Essential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent movement disorder globally and is ten times more prevalent than Parkinson's. It is considered one of the most common movement disorders with various treatment options reported in clinical practice but uncertainty about the most robust one. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society recently reviewed the clinical studies of essential tremors and updated the treatment guidelines. Mild to moderate tremor severity can sometimes be managed with occupational treatment such as speech therapy or adaptation. In contrast, the first-line pharmacological treatments include symptomatic treatment with propranolol, primidone, and topiramate. Botulinum toxin is preferred for selected cases, whereas invasive treatments should be considered a severe essential tremor treatment option. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy is attracting a lot of attention as a new therapy for essential tremors. Misdiagnosis among tremor syndromes is another point of concern and impacts both clinical care and research. A new neurophysiological measure, known as the tremor stability index, is introduced recently to attain diagnostic accuracy between Parkinson's disease tremor and essential tremor. Also, ET-Plus is a newly suggested term for the classification of tremor in the recent Consensus statement, which acknowledges the presence of additional neurological signs in patients with ET. This review includes in detail defining ET, hypothesis about ET, clinical features along with points to consider while differentiating between ET and Parkinson's Disease (PD), evaluation of ET based on laboratory findings, treatment procedures, measures to reduce misdiagnosis between ET and PD, and reality about the new term ET-Plus syndrome.
Nonlinear Control of a Pneumatic Actuator Based on a Dynamic Friction Model
Authors: Bo Xuan Tran
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a new controller for the position of a pneumatic actuator. The controller is designed based on the multiple-surface sliding control method in combination with a frictional compensator. The multiple-surface sliding control method is applied to deal with the nonlinear characteristics of the pneumatic system, and the frictional compensator is applied to compensate for the friction force in the pneumatic actuator. The friction force is estimated based on a dynamic friction model (the LuGre model). Both simulation and experimental studies are done to evaluate the new controller. The evaluation results indicate significant improvement in the tracking position error of the new controller comparing to the multiple-surface sliding controller without friction compensation and other nonlinear controllers.
Risk factors for poor engagement in drug-resistant TB care in South Africa: a systematic review
Authors: McNabb K. C. , Bergman A. , Farley J. E.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Metrics of poor patient engagement, including missed appointments, treatment interruption, sub-optimal medication adherence, and loss to follow-up, have been linked to poor clinical multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) outcomes. Understanding the risk factors for poor
patient engagement is necessary to improve outcomes and control TB. This review synthesizes the risk factors for poor patient engagement in MDR-TB treatment across South Africa.DESIGN: A systematic review of five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science) was
conducted, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. Articles were included if they provided information about risk factors associated with poor engagement among adults (15 years) in treatment for MDR-TB in South Africa. Reviews, editorials, abstracts, and case studies were excluded.RESULTS:
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Male sex and younger age were the most consistently identified risk factors for poor engagement; however, there was a lack of consistency in the choice of covariates, measurement of the variables, analytic methods, and significant factors associated
with poor engagement between studies. Alcohol use, substance use, living with HIV, pulmonary TB site, and ethnicity were all identified as risk factors in at least one included study, while formal housing and steady employment were found to be protective.CONCLUSION: The available
literature offers little cohesive data to address poor patient engagement in this population. Further research needs to focus on identifying and addressing risk factors for poor patient engagement. This is particularly salient within the context of newer all-oral and short-course MDR-TB treatment
regimens.
Survey on Post-Disaster Timelines Following a Large-Scale Disaster Expected to Occur in the Near Future for Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning
Authors: Matsubara Yu , Yamori Katsuya
Published: September 2021

The limitation of resources for post-disaster recovery after a large-scale disaster is a global problem. It is difficult to restart all activities simultaneously, so it is critical to determine when diverse social and economic activities should resume, called a post-disaster timeline (PDT). We surveyed PDTs in Aichi Prefecture, which is the most industrialized prefecture in Japan and, therefore, economically important. The results revealed differences in PDTs according to sex, occupation, and reference group (the main group the respondent had in mind when answering questions, such as Japan, Aichi Prefecture, and the disaster-affected area). We estimated PDTs for Aichi Prefecture as a whole and determined what kind of activities are socially acceptable even in the earlier stages of recovery. In pre-disaster recovery planning, it is critical to build consensus by considering the differences in PDTs among different groups of people. Furthermore, when a disaster occurs, PDTs in the disaster-affected prefecture as a whole and the existence of people with different PDTs should be taken into account.
The effects of physiotherapy using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on the gait of patients after hip and knee arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Kaczorowska Antonina , Kaboth Jolanta , Lepsy Ewelina , Mroczek Agata
Published: September 2021

Background
Gait disturbances are a major problem for patients after arthroplasty. After the surgery, walking speed, the rhythm of locomotion, and the length of the steps are significantly reduced. One of the therapeutic methods used in gait re-education is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF).
Aim of the study
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physiotherapy using PNF techniques on the gait of patients after hip and knee arthroplasty.
Case report
A 60-year-old woman with advanced osteoarthritis that received bilateral hip and right knee arthroplasties was examined. Before and after the therapy, the following tests were performed: measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of hip and knees joints in the sagittal plane using a goniometer, assessment of the symmetry of the lower limbs loading using the two scales test, assessment of the risk of falls using the “Timed Up and Go” test, assessment of balance and gait using the Tinetti test, and assessment of pain intensity using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Rehabilitation was comprised of 15 PNF therapies, including scapular and pelvic PNF patterns. The stabilization of the upper and lower trunk, lifting, shifting of the body’s weight from one foot to another, gait cycle (the stance phase and the swing phase), walking forward, backward, and sideways, and walking up/down the stairs were also used. After the therapy, the flexion ROM in both hip and knees joints was improved. The lower limb symmetry index decreased from 1.167 to 1.121, and the sum of the points obtained in the Tinetti test increased from 22 to 26. Pain in the joints also decreased from 6 on the VAS scale to 4. However, the result obtained in the “Timed Up and Go” test after the therapy was increased by 0.5 s compared to before the therapy. Conclusions
After hip and knee arthroplasties, physiotherapy using PNF techniques improved the gait and functional status of the patient. Continuation of this research using a larger number of patients is needed.
The Role of Non-pharmacological Interventions on the Dynamics of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Abokwara Agatha , Madubueze Chinwendu Emilian
Published: September 2021

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting communities surrounded by water bodies where fishing activities take place or people go to swim, wash and cultivate crops. It poses a great risk to the health and economic life of inhabitants of the area. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of public health education and snail control measures on the incidence of schistosomiasis. A model was developed with attention given to the snail and human populations that are the hosts of the cercariae and miracidia respectively. The existence and stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium states were established. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium states were shown to be locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number was less than unity. Numerical simulations of the model were carried out to evaluate the impact of interventions (public health education and snail control measures) on schistosomiasis transmission. It was observed that the implementation of low coverage snail control with highly efficacious molluscicide and massive public health education will make the basic reproduction number smaller than unity, which implies the eradication of schistosomiasis in the population.
Norderdithmarschen im dänischen Gesamtstaat (1773–1864)
Authors: Mißfeldt Jörg
Published: September 2021

In dieser Untersuchung werden die Besonderheiten der Kommunalverwaltung Norderdithmarschens im dänischen Gesamtstaat nach der Übergabe der Landschaft von den Gottorfern an Dänemark im Jahre 1773 dargestellt. In der Landschaft stritten in einem föderalistischen System nicht nur die einzelnen Kirchspiele miteinander, sondern sie konkurrierten auch mit der die Landschaft repräsentierenden Landesversammlung, welche auch immer wieder selbst versuchte, ihre Interessen in der Verwaltung gegenüber der dänischen Landesherrschaft durchzusetzen. Der Zeitraum vom ausgehenden 18. bis in das letzte Viertel des 19. Jahrhunderts eröffnet interessante Einblicke in die Verwaltungsgeschichte Norderdithmarschens, des Herzogtums Holstein und des dänischen Gesamtstaats, zeigt aber auch, wie sich die Landschaft entwickelte, welche Herausforderungen entstanden und welche Spannungen es zwischen den einzelnen Institutionen der Verwaltung gab.
Joseph Beuys und die Musik
Authors: Hintzen Sigrun
Published: September 2021

Joseph Beuys expanded his concept of art to include listening and conceived of sound as sculpture. Musical material runs through his work from early drawings to late performances. This book breaks down what the acoustic elements in Beuys' works, notations, symphonies and scores are all about. What does Beuys himself do at the grand piano, what are "Erdklavier" and "Innenton"? Beuys worked with John Cage, Nam June Paik and Henning Christiansen, felt close to Erik Satie. At the time, Sigrun Hintzen laid the foundation for research into Joseph Beuys' music. This unpublished manuscript is finally being made accessible to all those who want to get to know and understand "music as an inner disposition" in Beuys' work.
Aus dem Leben der Form
Authors: Axer Eva , Geulen Eva , Heimes Alexandra
Published: September 2021

Ein interdisziplinärer Blick auf das Verhältnis von Zeit und Form sowie auf Funktionen, Potentiale und Grenzen der Morphologie.

Die Rezeption von Goethes Morphologie wurde bisher auf ein holistisches Gestaltverständnis reduziert und als kompensatorische oder apotropäische Reaktion auf krisenhafte Modernisierungserfahrungen am Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts gedeutet. Das Bild einer weniger homogenen Wirkungsgeschichte ergibt sich jedoch, wenn Morphologie als Fundus für Fragen nach Formbildung und Formenwandel begriffen wird. Fragen, die Goethe im Vorfeld disziplinärer Ausdifferenzierung noch nicht beantworten konnte, und die nach 1900 disziplinär nicht mehr beantwortet werden können.

Morphologie erweist sich so in der Theoriebildung des 20. Jahrhunderts als Irritationsfaktor im Wissensgefüge und als spannender Forschungsgegenstand im Heute: Die Untersuchungen der Autorinnen und Autoren haben ihren Fluchtpunkt in aktuellen Diskussionen zum Problem der Form, in denen grundsätzliche Unterscheidungen wie Natur vs. Kultur oder Vitalismus vs. Mechanismus auf dem Prüfstand stehen.
Die Kunst der Außenseiter
Authors: Salomon Sarah
Published: September 2021

Alternatives Kunstleben in Paris jenseits der absolutistischen Kulturpolitik.

Die Pariser Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture war ein zentraler Pfeiler der absolutistischen Kulturpolitik des Ancien Régime. Sie stellte die repräsentative Macht der Kunst in den Dienst der Krone. Bestimmte Gruppen wie etwa Künstlerinnen waren von der staatlichen Kunstförderung und den offiziellen Salons weitgehend ausgeschlossen und damit praktisch zur Unsichtbarkeit verdammt.

Diese Studie widmet sich als erste umfassend den Außenseitern des absolutistischen Kunstsystems und ihrer Suche nach öffentlicher Anerkennung. In den Jahrzehnten vor der Revolution entstanden in Paris mehrere alternative Ausstellungsorte, die Schauplätze lebendiger Auseinandersetzungen über die Freiheit der Kunst, über Geschlechterbilder und Kunstgeschmack waren.

In dieser Analyse des umkämpften Kunstlebens jenseits der Académie royale erscheint das absolutistische Paris weniger als gleichgeschalteter Kunstkosmos denn als innovatives Spannungsfeld, in dem bereits zahlreiche Formen der Kunstpräsentation erprobt wurden, die gemeinhin als »Erfindungen« des 19. Jahrhunderts gelten.
Die Bruderschaft der »Entwickler«
Authors: Linne Karsten
Published: September 2021

Die Genese der bundesrepublikanischen Entwicklungspolitik, erzählt anhand von zentralen Akteuren und Schlüsselinstitutionen.

Mit der staatlichen Hilfe für »Entwicklungsländer« betrat die Bundesrepublik 1956 neues Terrain: Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Kolonialländern verfügte sie nicht über einen Stab an kolonialerfahrenen Mitarbeitern, den man bruchlos mit der Entwicklungspolitik betrauen konnte. Knapp zwanzig Jahre später, im Jahr 1976, war die bundesdeutsche Entwicklungspolitik bereits fest etabliert. Wichtige Strukturen, Organisationen und Themenfelder hatten sich herausgebildet.

Karsten Linne untersucht die Genese und Etablierung dieses Politikfeldes. Er betrachtet die Personen, die den Grundstein der bundesdeutschen Entwicklungspolitik legten und sie durch ihr Handeln bis heute prägten, fragt nach ihren Motiven, Ideen, Ideologien und Impulsen. Auch weitere »kollektive Akteure« kommen ins Spiel, wie zum Beispiel die relevanten gesellschaftlichen Gruppen, aber auch die für dieses Feld spezifischen Organisationen.
Maid to Queer
Authors: Lai Francisca Yuenki
Published: September 2021

The first book about Asian female migrant workers who develop same-sex relationships in a host city. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong, the book explores the meanings of same-sex relationships to these migrant women. Instead of searching for reasons to explain why they engage in a same-sex relationship, the book provides an ethnographic perspective by addressing their Sunday activities and considering how migration policies and the practices of Hong Kong people unintentionally produce alternative sexuality and desires for them. The author contrasts the migrant experiences of same-sex relationships with the Western discourse that individuals carry a strong sense of sexual identification prior to migration; same-sex desires among Indonesian domestic workers are often not realized until they leave home. Addressing the changes from maid to queer, this book documents the intersections of domestic work, labor migration, race, and religion on the sexual subject formation, specifically how Indonesian women negotiate heteronormativity and remake a space for their love, sex, and intimacy. The book aims to create a dialogue between Asian labor migration and LGBT studies. For those interested in lesbian studies, Asian labor migration, sexual citizenship, and queer migration, this ethnography fills an important gap in explaining how the feminization of international migration and the constraints imposed on live-in domestic workers unintentionally become productive possibilities of queerness and normativity.
O Homem Verdadeiro e a Máquina de Terra
Authors: Alves Pedro M. S. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

En partant des derniers paragraphes de la cinquième parti du Discours de la Méthode, on a reconstitué la formulation cartésienne de la perception d’un autre moi. Les critères de l’usage du langage et de la plasticité du comportement ont été analysés à la lumière de l’idée d’une machine universelle et du test de Turing. On conclut de la faiblesse de l’argument cartésien sur l’irréductibilité de la pensée à un dispositif machinal. En tant qu’issue de la difficulté, on propose une révision de la façon cartésienne de caractérisation de la pensée à partir du concept d’expérience, tout en abandonnant le thème d’une perception interne incommunicable et intémoignable.
Erasmo na Origem do Humanismo na Alemanha. A Glorificação de Reuchlin
Authors: Martins José Vitorino de Pina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

L’agitation en Allemagne au début du XVIe. siècle contre Jean Reuchlin et la diffusion des textes hébreux n’est qu’une guer re de l’obscurantisme contre les progrès des humaniores litterae. Erasme n’aimait pas les écrits De verbo mirifico et De arte cabalistica qu’il possédait cependant dans sa bibliothèque (ainsi que les Rudimenta Hebraica), mais il ne pouvait pas ne pas soutenir Reuchlin comme pionnier de la bonne cause des lettres humaines. Cette polémique, un peu antérieure et en partie contemporaine de l’éveil de la Réforme évangélique, ne doit pas être confondue avec la protestation de Luther: elle est, en effet plus littéraire que théologique. L'Apotheosis Capnionis, dialogue écrit immédiatement après la mort de l’hébraïste et publié dans une nouvelle édition des Colloquia en 1522, fait état d’une vision, attribuée par l’auteur à un vertueux franciscain (identifié par certains comme Jean Vitrier). Dans cette vision, l’âme de Reuchlin est conduite par saint Jérôme à la gloire céleste. L’apothéose de l’humaniste représente le triomphe de la cause de l’Humanisme. Comme auteur des Rudimenta Hebraica, Jean Reuchlin a joui d’un immense prestige. Ses livres notamment le De arte cabalística, sont arrivés jusqu’au Portugal, où Francisco Manuel de Melo au XVIIe siècle se réclame de son ense ignement et de son autorité.
Pedro da Fonseca e a Recepção da Metafísica de Aristóteles na Segunda Metade do Séc. XVI
Authors: Martins António Manuel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

It is claimed that in order to a better understanding of the reception of the text of the Metaphysics of Aristotle in the second half of the sixteenth Century one must carefully distinguish the commentaries to the whole work from texts that treat particular questions. Although much work is still to be done, the great commentary of Pedro da Fonseca appears as the major original commentary to the Metaphysics produced during that period. The metaphysical works of Fonseca and Suárez appear against this background as the most important trials of a metaphysical synthesis in the second half of the sixteenth Century.
Da Religião Revelada à Religião Natural
Authors: Cerqueira Gonçalves Joaquim ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

La religion, comme manifestation de la rationalité, participe, dans la Modernité, des vicissitudes de la rationalité elle-même qui se définit souvent en rapport, pas toujours pacifique, avec la religion, surtout avec le christianisme dans la culture occidentale. Il est légitime de parler tant d’une immanentisation naturaliste de la religion que d’une christianisation de la raison. La découverte du Nouveau Monde a stimulé ce double mouvement.
Tópicos Sobre a Antropologia Portuguesa da Época dos Descobrimentos
Authors: Calafate Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

On étudie ici la diversité des conceptions théoriques qui ont guidé les rencontres des Portugais, au XVIème et XVIIème siècles, avec les peuples de l’Afrique et du Brésil, soit de la part de ceux qui reconnaissaient la légitimité de l’esclavage, soit de la part de ceux qui ont essayé une limitation juridique de celle-ci. Le sujet principal de cette étude est, donc, la réflexion portugaise sur la diversité humaine.
Do(s) Outro(s) Mundo(s) da Visão ao Novo Mundo da Razão
Authors: Borges Paulo A. E. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Nous essayons de mettre en évidence l’articulation entre l’image et l’expérience de l’espace et du monde dans la pensée mythique et visionnaire et dans la nouvelle rationalité qui s’origine avec les Découvertes ibériques. La valeur de dévoilement du Réel du voyage initiatique vers l’au-delà du monde empirique se transfère vers la découverte maritime des nouveaux mondes physiques et culturels. La démythification des espaces intemporels s’associe avec la mythification du Nouveau Monde de l’expérience historique et scientifique et l’échec de ces expectatives conduit à la formulation des utopies modernes, où on rencontre un imaginaire analogue à celui du voyage initiatique. On se demande si en tout ce procès il n’y a pas quelque chose qui s’oublie...
Fundamentos da Cultura Portuguesa da Expansão
Authors: Barreto Luís Filipe ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Ce bref article se donne comme but de présenter une introduction à la culture portugaise des Découvertes, laquelle représente une des manifestations par excellence da la Renaissance portugaise. On commence par intégrer cette culture dans le cadre des programmes intellectuels et savants de l’époque, pour suivre ensuite les caractéristiques, les oeuvres et les figures des différents champs discursifs où elle se déploie. Finalement, on cherche à évaluer la culture portugaise de la période qui va du milieu du XV.ème au début du XVII.ème siècle à la lumière des réseaux de continuité et de discontinuité de ce temps qui l’a vu naître et se développer.
Nietzsche e o Cavalo
Authors: Pires Manuel João ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, on part de l’interprétation d’un épisode particulier de la biographie nietzschéenne, ayant le but de réfléchir sur la possibilité de construire une justification esthétique de l’existence dans la civilisation technologique. No us essayons de montrer que l’histoire du vingtième siècle représente la fin de la vision métaphysique du monde et le retour nécessaire de la configuration du même comme phénomène esthétique. Dans le domaine de l’action humaine, cette conception est traduite par le sentiment paradoxal de la joie comme affirmation inconditionnelle de la totalité du réel.
O Abstracto e o Concreto na Filosofia Política de Hegel
Authors: do Carmo Ferreira Manuel J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Hegel’s political thought, gathered in Philosophy of Right, is perceived as a doctrine of social relations, differentiated and structured by the abstraction/formalisation - concretion/realization’s scheme. Right, Morality and Ethical Life are seen as moments of a socio-historical process of identification of the individual by his insertion in a manner of a more true relationship, since it is simultaneously universal and concrete.
No Traço dos Traços do Nosso Rosto
Authors: Ramos José Artur ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The essay Tracing the Traces of our Face concerns the relationship between the drawing, the self-portrait and the image in the mirror. This is accomplished following some ideas exposed in Bachelard's The wather an d the dreams (L'Eau et les Rêves) where the mirroring on still water is put up into debate. The present paper tries to explore a concept of self-portrait departing of Bachelard’s notion of naturalization of the image. In this way it is set up the idea that the drawing self-portrait can be an action that gives back natural presence to identity, which was lost in a too much artificial and fixed world. So, drawing dissolves the image with such a naturality as if it was deep lake water.
Os Faróis dos Automóveis
Authors: Miranda Justo José M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

«The head-lights of your car are there not to show you the way but rather to make you be seen...» The non-empirical, foundational relevance of such a proposition is used as an instructive analogon for the following discussion. It seems theoretically inconsistent to assume that we have aesthetical objects on one hand and on the other, in parallel with those objects or after them, discoursive occurrences legitimating those objects. In Order to give a brief outline of the intimate relation between aesthetical experience and human language this paper argues (1.) that language is not primarily a means of designation, expression or communication but rather an activity of organization of our experience, of production of sense, of constitutive mediation of our world or worlds, and (2.) that aesthetical objects do not cover the whole range of aesthetical relations, that subject-object aesthetical relations do not depend on inter-personal aesthetic relations and that subject-object aesthetical relations play an organizational role in several ways similar to that of language and necessarily interwoven with it.
O Espírit o da Letra
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Leonel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

En essayant de comprendre les raisons qui ont amené Schiller, en juin de 1795, à refuser la publication de l’essai de Fichte “Sur l’esprit et la lettre en Philosophie”, dans la revue Die Horen, on va du conflit personnel et des raisons du conflit entre les deux philosophes au conflit même de leurs raisons. On reconnaît, certes, la dette de Schiller à l’auteur de la Doctrine de la Science et, quand même, la dette du philosophe du Moi pur et de l’idéalisme de la liberté à l’auteur des Lettres sur l'éducation esthétique de l'homme dans ceci qui, grâce à lui, celui-là se penche sur l’“impulsion esthétique” de l’esprit et ouvre une place subordonnée pour l’esthétique dans son système. Mais surtout on arrive à l’évidence de l’incompatibilité de nature qui existe entre leurs philosophies, pas seulement à propos du langage qui convient à la philosophie, mais aussi dans ce qui concerne la nature et la portée de la dimension esthétique dans la vie de l’esprit, le rôle de l’imagination et la solution qui chacun d’eux entend apporter au problème kantien de la réconciliation entre la raison et la sensibilité.
Religião, Cultura e Sociedade em Über Dante in Philosophischer Beziehung, de Fr. W. J. Schelling
Authors: Morujão Carlos ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Cet article prend pour point de départ les rapports entre religion, art et politique dans les écrits schellingiens de la période de la philosophie de l’identité, en particulier l'Essai sur Dante, de 1803. Il examine le programme schellingien (qui fût aussi celui de toute une génération) de constitution d’une religion esthétique - dans ses dimensions philosophique et politique, aussi bien que religieuse - et avance quelques réponses à la question de son échec et de son abandon.
The Epistemic Value of Civil Disagreement
Authors: Love Christopher W. ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: September 2021

In this article, I argue that the practice of civil disagreement has robust epistemic benefits and that these benefits enable meaningful forms of reconciliation—across worldview lines and amid the challenging information environment of our age. I then engage two broad groups of objections: either that civil disagreement opposes, rather than promotes, clarity, or else that it does little to help it. If successful, my account gives us reason to include civil disagreement among what Mill calls “the real morality of public discussion,” a fact that should stir us to take more seriously the decline of civility in contemporary life.
Paying Attention to the Mouse Behind the Curtain
Authors: Mintz Kevin Todd ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: September 2021

Is it possible that justice requires giving people with disabilities like autism sufficient opportunities to pursue a flourishing life by promoting accessibility at theme parks and other places of public accommodation? I explore this question by analyzing the ethical issues at play in a series of disability lawsuits against Disney Parks and Resorts. Drawing on the work of Martha Nussbaum and Chiara Cordelli, I argue that Disney has an obligation of justice to provide these plaintiffs with their requested disability modification. I further articulate how public accommodations other than Disney should accommodate disabled customers, sometimes with government assistance.
Task-specific roles of local interneurons for inter- and intraglomerular signaling in the insect antennal lobe
Authors: Fusca Debora , Kloppenburg Peter
Published: September 2021

Local interneurons (LNs) mediate complex interactions within the antennal lobe, the primary olfactory system of insects, and the functional analog of the vertebrate olfactory bulb. In the cockroach Periplaneta americana, as in other insects, several types of LNs with distinctive physiological and morphological properties can be defined. Here, we combined whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and Ca2+ imaging of individual LNs to analyze the role of spiking and nonspiking LNs in inter- and intraglomerular signaling during olfactory information processing. Spiking GABAergic LNs reacted to odorant stimulation with a uniform rise in [Ca2+]i in the ramifications of all innervated glomeruli. In contrast, in nonspiking LNs, glomerular Ca2+ signals were odorant specific and varied between glomeruli, resulting in distinct, glomerulus-specific tuning curves. The cell type-specific differences in Ca2+ dynamics support the idea that spiking LNs play a primary role in interglomerular signaling, while they assign nonspiking LNs an essential role in intraglomerular signaling.
Integrin α5β1 nano-presentation regulates collective keratinocyte migration independent of substrate rigidity
Authors: Di Russo Jacopo , Young Jennifer L , Wegner Julian WR , Steins Timmy , Kessler Horst , Spatz Joachim P
Published: September 2021

Nanometer-scale properties of the extracellular matrix influence many biological processes, including cell motility. While much information is available for single-cell migration, to date, no knowledge exists on how the nanoscale presentation of extracellular matrix receptors influences collective cell migration. In wound healing, basal keratinocytes collectively migrate on a fibronectin-rich provisional basement membrane to re-epithelialize the injured skin. Among other receptors, the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 plays a pivotal role in this process. Using a highly specific integrin α5β1 peptidomimetic combined with nanopatterned hydrogels, we show that keratinocyte sheets regulate their migration ability at an optimal integrin α5β1 nanospacing. This efficiency relies on the effective propagation of stresses within the cell monolayer independent of substrate stiffness. For the first time, this work highlights the importance of extracellular matrix receptor nanoscale organization required for efficient tissue regeneration.