bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulling back the curtain: Issues in conducting an intervention study with transition-aged youth with autism spectrum disorder and their families
Authors: Burke Meghan M , Waitz-Kudla Sydney N , Rabideau Carol , Taylor Julie Lounds , Hodapp Robert M
Published: February 2018

The transition from high school to adulthood is difficult for youth with autism spectrum disorder and their families. Recognizing these challenges, there is a small but emerging body of literature testing interventions to improve the transition process. But there are many challenges in performing intervention research that have yet to be fully addressed. We discuss issues that should be considered when conducting interventions with individuals with autism spectrum disorder to improve the transition to adulthood, drawing from our study of a parent training to facilitate access to adult services during the transition years. Issues covered include (1) timing (when is an intervention most effective?), (2) mode of delivery (what is the best way to present information?), (3) outcomes (how can intervention outcomes be accurately measured?), (4) target population (who is the intervention designed to help?), and (5) level of intervention (who should the intervention target?). Our answers, though preliminary, show the need to be flexible, to adopt a trial-and-error stance, and to listen to the needs—both explicit and implicit—of youth with autism spectrum disorder and their parents as they navigate the difficult transition from adolescence to adulthood.
Bordered penal populism: When populism and Scandinavian exceptionalism meet
Authors: Todd-Kvam John
Published: February 2018

Penality in Scandinavia has been seen as somewhat of an outlier, a redoubt against the punitive turn witnessed in other parts of Western Europe and the United States. This article examines contemporary discourses of penality in Norway following the entry into government of the populist-right Progress Party. The analysis describes how government representatives frame themselves as protecting individual security and prioritising victims whilst pursuing a bordered version of penal populism directed against non-citizens. These non-Norwegians are shown to be the focus of a range of penal populist policies, including fast-track justice, a warehousing prison regime, targeting of petty offenders and the double punishment of imprisonment and deportation. In a context where the penal welfare consensus with respect to Norwegian citizens remains relatively strong, it is easier for the Progress Party to ‘do populism’ by focusing on non-citizens.
Patterns of heart failure symptoms are associated with self-care behaviors over 6 months
Authors: Auld Jonathan P , Mudd James O , Gelow Jill M , Lyons Karen S , Hiatt Shirin O , Lee Christopher S
Published: February 2018

Background:

Both heart failure symptoms and self-care are associated with patient outcomes. Although it is thought that symptoms drive self-care, there is limited evidence to support this assumption over time.

Aims:

To determine whether patterns of physical symptoms are significantly associated with heart failure self-care over time.

Method:

Latent mixture analysis was used to identify subgroups based on physical symptoms of dyspnea, sleepiness and edema (using the heart failure somatic perception and Epworth sleepiness scales). Growth modeling was used to determine if symptom subgroups were associated with self-care behaviors (using the self-care in heart failure index) over 6 months. Sociodemographic and clinical variables predicting the likelihood of subgroup membership were identified using logistic regression.

Results:

The sample ( n=146) was on average 57 years old, 70% were men and 59% had class III/IV heart failure. Two symptom subgroups were identified (entropy 0.91): a high symptom group ( n=24; 16%) with no significant change in symptoms over time (high sustained), and a low symptom group ( n=122; 84%) with no significant change in symptoms over time (low sustained). The high sustained group was associated significantly with better self-care behaviors at baseline and over 6 months. Women (odds ratio (OR) 3.67, P=0.023) and patients with more depressive symptoms (OR 1.16, P=0.015) were more likely to be in the high sustained symptom group. Those treated with a renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system agent were less likely to be in the high symptom group (OR 0.17, P=0.015).

Conclusion:

Patients bothered more by symptoms are consistently more engaged in self-care behaviors over time. The results of this study support symptoms as an important driver of self-care behaviors.
Overview of recent developments in modelling and simulations for analyses of airspace structures and traffic flows
Authors: Zhong ZW
Published: February 2018

This article discusses the recent developments in modelling and simulations for analyses of airspace structures and traffic flows. The topics discussed are new models/methods proposed by researchers in the world for optimal flight paths/routes, optimal route structures, sectorization and so on and also new developments in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region. An Association of Southeast Asian Nations modelling and simulation function has been established, so as to perform analyses of airspace structures and traffic flows throughout the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and produce solutions for capacity and efficiency enhancements. The challenges for such research in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region are also discussed. This review has helped to identify the research gap. The research on air traffic management in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region is still lacking. Much more efforts should be made in order to meet the demands of this most dynamic and fast growing aviation market in the world. Research on optimal flight paths/routes, more efficient airspace structures and sectorization is expected to be more intensively conducted especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region.
Abstracts of the 7th Asian Pain Symposium
Authors: Gu Jianguo G. , Zhuo Min , Tominaga Makoto , Zhang Xu , Kato Fusao , OH Seog Bae , Shyu Bai Chuang
Published: February 2018

Summary

The Asian Pain Symposium (APS) is a main pain research meeting in Asia. Since established in 2000 in Kyoto, five other APSs have been held in different Asian regions including Seoul of Korea in 2004, Fukuoka of Japan in 2008, Shanghai of China in 2011, Okazaki of Japan in 2013, and Suzhou of China in 2015. The 7th Asian Pain Symposium (APS 2017) was held in Taipei of Taiwan during October 26th to October 29th, 2017. The APS 2017 was sponsored by The Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan and Institute of Biomedical Science and Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica and Taiwan Pain Society. The president of the APS 2017 was Dr. Bai Chuang Shyu, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. Local organizing committee also include Dr. Jen-Chuen Hsieh, Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University and Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, Dr. Wei-Zen Sun, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, and Dr. Chih-Cheng Chen, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. Main topics of the APS 2017 included the latest progress of pain research and novel strategies of pain treatments. Symposium attendees presented their interesting and exciting research findings in the areas of 1) basic sensory and nociceptive functions, 2) ion channels and their functions in somatosensory physiology and pain, 3) brain functions and regulations in pain, 4) spinal cord mechanisms of nociception and pain, 5) analgesia and pain regulations, 6) chronic pain mechanisms and treatment, and 7) brain circuits underlying the physiological and pathological pain. There were a total of 29 oral presentations and 23 poster presentations at the 7th APS. A council meeting was held during the 7th APS, and at this council meeting Dr. Seog Bae OH (Seoul National University) was elected as the president of 8th Asian Pain Symposium to organize the next symposium in Seoul, Korea in 2019. In order to keep a permanent record and to help promote pain research in Asia, we have collected abstracts of oral presentations and posted them below in the order when the presentations were given at the 7th Asian Pain Symposium.
Imprisoned mothers in Victorian England, 1853–1900: Motherhood, identity and the convict prison
Authors: Johnston Helen
Published: February 2018

This article explores the experiences of imprisoned mothers in the Victorian convict prison system. It argues that motherhood, of central importance to the ideals of Victorian femininity, was disrupted and fractured by women’s long-term imprisonment. Using ‘whole life’ history methodology, the article draws on research into 288 women imprisoned and then released from the prison system, of whom half were mothers. It illuminates how the long-term prison system dealt with pregnancy, childbirth and family contact for female prisoners. It argues that while institutional or state care was often an inevitable consequence for children of single or widowed mothers, women used their limited resources and agency to assert their identity as mothers and direct outcomes for their children. But for others, prolific offending and multiple long sentences would render any chance of motherhood impossible.
Anxiety: Here and Beyond
Authors: Miloyan Beyon , Bulley Adam , Suddendorf Thomas
Published: February 2018

The future harbours the potential for myriad threats to the fitness of organisms, and many species prepare accordingly based on indicators of hazards. Here, we distinguish between defensive responses on the basis of sensed cues and those based on autocues generated by mental simulations of the future in humans. Whereas sensed threat cues usually induce specific responses with reference to particular features of the environment or generalized responses to protect against diffuse threats, autocues generated by mental simulations of the future enable strategic preparation for hazards that may not require an immediate response. The overlap of these mechanisms makes defence effective and versatile, yet can manifest as contemporary anxiety disorders in humans.
Is Red Heavier Than Yellow Even for Blind?
Authors: Barilari Marco , de Heering Adélaïde , Crollen Virginie , Collignon Olivier , Bottini Roberto
Published: February 2018

Across cultures and languages, people find similarities between the products of different senses in mysterious ways. By studying what is called cross-modal correspondences, cognitive psychologists discovered that lemons are fast rather than slow, boulders are sour, and red is heavier than yellow. Are these cross-modal correspondences established via sensory perception or can they be learned merely through language? We contribute to this debate by demonstrating that early blind people who lack the perceptual experience of color also think that red is heavier than yellow but to a lesser extent than sighted do.
Signaling mediators modulated by cardioprotective interventions in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Saeid Feyzizadeh , Aniseh Javadi , Reza Badalzadeh , Manouchehr Vafaee S
Published: February 2018

Ischaemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world. In most patients, ischaemic heart disease is coincident with other risk factors such as diabetes. Patients with diabetes are more prone to cardiac ischaemic dysfunctions including ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditionings are reliable interventions to protect the myocardium against ischaemia–reperfusion injuries through activating various signaling pathways and intracellular mediators. Diabetes can disrupt the intracellular signaling cascades involved in these myocardial protections, and studies have revealed that cardioprotective effects of the conditioning interventions are diminished in the diabetic condition. The complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis of ischaemic heart disease among people with diabetes necessitate the investigation of the interaction of diabetes with ischaemia–reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms. Reducing the outcomes of ischaemia–reperfusion injury using targeted strategies would be particularly helpful in this population. In this study, we review the protective interventional signaling pathways and mediators which are activated by ischaemic conditioning strategies in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia–reperfusion injury.
The effects of mother–infant singing on emotional closeness, affect, anxiety, and stress hormones
Authors: Fancourt Daisy , Perkins Rosie
Published: February 2018

Among mammals who invest in the production of a relatively small number of offspring, bonding is a critical strategy for survival. Mother–infant bonding among humans is not only linked with the infant’s survival but also with a range of protective psychological, biological, and behavioral responses in both mothers and infants in the post-birth period and across the life span. Anthropological theories suggest that one behavior that may have evolved with the aim of enhancing mother–infant bonding is infant-directed singing. However, to date, despite mother–infant singing being practiced across cultures, there remains little quantitative demonstration of any effects on mothers or their perceived closeness to their infants. This within-subjects study, comparing the effects of mother–infant singing with other mother–infant interactions among 43 mothers and their infants, shows that singing is associated with greater increases in maternal perceptions of emotional closeness in comparison to social interactions. Mother–infant singing is also associated with greater increases in positive affect and greater decreases in negative affect as well as greater decreases in both psychological and biological markers of anxiety. This supports previous findings about the effects of singing on closeness and social bonding in other populations. Furthermore, associations between changes in closeness and both affect and anxiety support previous research suggesting associations between closeness, bonding, and wider mental health.
Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Prospective Analysis of the Relationship Between Surgeon Experience and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Flores Sergio E. , Borak Kristina R. , Zhang Alan L.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Hip arthroscopic surgery is a rapidly growing procedure, but it may be associated with a steep learning curve. Few studies have used patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys to investigate the relationship between surgeon experience and patient outcomes after the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Hypothesis:

Patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of FAI in the early stages of a surgeon’s career will have significantly worse outcomes and longer procedure times compared with patients treated after the surgeon has gained experience.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI and labral injuries were prospectively enrolled during a sports medicine fellowship–trained surgeon’s first 15 months of practice. Patients were stratified into an early group, consisting of the first 30 consecutive cases performed by the surgeon, and a late group, consisting of the second 30 consecutive cases. Radiographic and physical examinations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. PRO surveys, including the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), were administered preoperatively and at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

There was no difference between the early and late groups for patient age (37.2 ± 11.5 vs 35.3 ± 10.8 years, respectively; P = .489), body mass index (25.6 ± 4.0 vs 25.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2, respectively; P = .615), or sex ( P = .465). There was a significantly increased procedure time (119.3 ± 21.0 vs 99.0 ± 28.6 minutes, respectively; P = .002) and traction time (72.7 ± 21.4 vs 59.0 ± 16.7 minutes, respectively; P = .007) in the early group compared with the late group. Mean postoperative PRO scores significantly improved in both groups compared with preoperative values for all surveys except for the SF-12 mental component summary. No differences were found in PRO score improvements or complication rates between the early and late groups.

Conclusion:

The total procedure time and traction time decrease after a surgeon’s first 30 hip arthroscopic surgery cases for FAI and labral tears, but patient outcomes can similarly improve regardless of surgeon experience in the early part of his or her career.
Can Teaching Ultrasound Ergonomics to Ultrasound Practitioners Reduce White Knuckles and Transducer Grip Force?
Authors: Harrison Gill , Harris Allison , Flinton David
Published: February 2018

Ergonomic training is necessary to help reduce work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD) in sonographers. This study provided an ergonomic training session for sonographers, to determine whether a teaching intervention changed the grip force used to hold a transducer. Thirteen practitioners participated and were placed into two groups (intervention group n = 7). Participants were asked to scan the same simulated transabdominal early pregnancy case. An ergometer was used, which enabled all participants to hear the effect of holding the transducer tightly. Their matched grip force was measured before and after the intervention using a dynamometer. The intervention group reviewed videos and photographs taken during the scan to see if this affected the matched grip force further. Study findings showed that the short ergonomic training session with the use of an ergometer significantly reduced the matched grip force applied to a transducer ( P < .05) for all participants. The video/photo review did not result in any further significant changes.
Bilateral Piriform sinus fistulas: A case study and review of management options
Authors: Lammers Deanna , Campbell Ross , Davila Jorge , MacCormick Johnna
Published: February 2018

Background

Piriform sinus fistulas occur due to developmental abnormalities of the third and fourth branchial arches, and almost always occur unilaterally. They generally present as recurrent abscesses in the anterior-inferior neck, with concurrent thyroiditis. They have conventionally been managed with complete removal of the sinus tract, and thyroidectomy if required; however, endoscopic approaches have been increasingly favored. Herein we describe a case of bilateral piriform sinus fistulas, and present a review of the literature concerning their endoscopic management.

Case presentation

Our patient was determined to have bilateral piriform sinus fistulas based on computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and microlaryngoscopy. We performed electrocauterization of the proximal fistula tracts, followed by injection of fibrin sealent. Our patient has not had a recurrence in the ten months since his procedure. There were no complications. Twenty-three articles describing an endoscopic approach to these fistulas were identified through PubMed, and a search through the references of related articles was completed.

Conclusion

Of one hundred and ninety-five patient cases we reviewed, an endoscopic procedure success rate of 82% and complication rate of 5.6% was determined. Piriform sinus fistulas that occur bilaterally are a rare congenital abnormality of the neck. Endoscopic approaches are an acceptable alternative option to open procedures, with similar success and a lower rate of complications.
Reliability and construct validity of the Ottawa valve collapse scale when assessing external nasal valve collapse
Authors: Ziai Hedyeh , Bonaparte James P.
Published: February 2018

Background

Nasal valve collapse is a common cause of nasal obstruction in otolaryngology practice. Common examination methods, such as the Cottle Maneuver and modified Cottle Maneuver are available. However, these methods are dichotomous and do not provide ordinal severity information. The Ottawa Valve Collapse Scale (OVCS) is a grading system for assessing and easily grading external nasal valve collapse in patients with a septal deviation. The primary objective was to assess the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the OVCS grading scale. A secondary objective was to perform the same assessments on the Cottle Maneuver.

Methods

Patients with a septal deviation who were requesting surgical correction were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed using both the Cottle Maneuver and the OVCS by one otolaryngologist at two visits separated by one month. The phi coefficient was calculated to assess the test-retest reliability of the instruments. Results of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Score was compared to determine construct validity.

Results

Ninety-two patients met our inclusion criteria. The phi coefficient was 0.62 for the OVCS and 0.32 for the Cottle Maneuver. The scores on the NOSE instrument were positively associated with the OVCS scores ( p = 0.01) while there was no association with the Cottle Maneuver ( p = 047).

Conclusion

This current preliminary analysis suggests that the novel Ottawa Valve Collapse Scale has good test-retest reliability and construct validity. This scale may help clinicians grade external nasal valve collapse in patients with a septal deviation. Future studies are required to determine if this scale assists surgeons in determining which patients need formal nasal valve surgery in addition to a standard septoplasty.
Improving seismic QP estimation using rock-physics constraints
Authors: Shen Yi , Dvorkin Jack , Li Yunyue
Published: February 2018

Our goal is to accurately estimate attenuation from seismic data using model regularization in the seismic inversion workflow. One way to achieve this goal is by finding an analytical relation linking [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We derive an approximate closed-form solution relating [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] using rock-physics modeling. This relation is tested on well data from a clean clastic gas reservoir, of which the [Formula: see text] values are computed from the log data. Next, we create a 2D synthetic gas-reservoir section populated with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and generate respective synthetic seismograms. Now, the goal is to invert this synthetic seismic section for [Formula: see text]. If we use standard seismic inversion based solely on seismic data, the inverted attenuation model has low resolution and incorrect positioning, and it is distorted. However, adding our relation between velocity and attenuation, we obtain an attenuation model very close to the original section. This method is tested on a 2D field seismic data set from Gulf of Mexico. The resulting [Formula: see text] model matches the geologic shape of an absorption body interpreted from the seismic section. Using this [Formula: see text] model in seismic migration, we make the seismic events below the high-absorption layer clearly visible, with improved frequency content and coherency of the events.
Cyclical expression of GDNF is required for spermatogonial stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Sharma Manju , Braun Robert E.
Published: February 2018

In the murine testis, self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) requires glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) secreted from neighboring somatic cells. However, it not clear how GDNF promotes self-renewal in vivo or what downstream signaling pathways are required for SSC maintenance. We found that GDNF is normally expressed cyclically during spermatogenesis. Stage-specific ectopic expression of GDNF caused the accumulation of a GFRA1+ LIN28− Asingle population, which has enhanced SSC activity compared with wild type, suggesting that GDNF normally limits self-renewal to specific stages. Despite the increase in SSC cell number, EdU labeling during steady-stage spermatogenesis, and during recovery after busulfan-mediated spermatogonial depletion, indicated that GDNF promotes self-renewal by blocking differentiation and not by promoting proliferation. Increased GDNF signaling led to increased phosphorylation of AKT3 in undifferentiated spermatogonia, but not of AKT1 or AKT2, and was independent of RPS6 phosphorylation, suggesting that AKT3 functions in SSC self-renewal or progenitor cell expansion.
Avian thermoregulation in the heat: phylogenetic variation among avian orders in evaporative cooling capacity and heat tolerance
Authors: Smit Ben , Whitfield Maxine C. , Talbot William A. , Gerson Alexander R. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Wolf Blair O.
Published: February 2018

Little is known about the phylogenetic variation of avian evaporative cooling efficiency and heat tolerance in hot environments. We quantified thermoregulatory responses to high air temperature (Ta) in ∼100-g representatives of three orders: African cuckoo (Cuculus gularis, Cuculiformes), lilac-breasted roller (Coracias caudatus, Coraciiformes), and Burchell's starling (Lamprotornis australis, Passeriformes). All three species initiated respiratory mechanisms to increase evaporative heat dissipation when body temperature (Tb) approached 41.5°C in response to increasing Ta, with gular flutter observed in cuckoos and panting in rollers and starlings. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) increased by quantitatively similar magnitudes in all three species, although maximum rates of EWL were proportionately lower in starlings. Evaporative cooling efficiency [defined as the ratio of evaporative heat loss (EHL) to metabolic heat production (MHP)] generally remained below 2.0 in cuckoos and starlings, but reached a maximum of ∼3.5 in rollers. The high value for rollers reveals a very efficient evaporative cooling mechanism, and is similar to EHL/MHP maxima for similarly sized columbids which very effectively dissipate heat via cutaneous evaporation. This unexpected phylogenetic variation among the orders tested in the physiological mechanisms of heat dissipation is an important step toward determining the evolution of heat tolerance traits in desert birds.
Comparative Social Policy: A Historical Overview of the Field
Authors: Lalioti Varvara
Published: February 2018

This article aims to provide a succinct historical overview of comparative social policy. Typified by both challenges and benefits, comparative social policy started to experience a period of growth in the 1960s, a time characterized by the dominance of the socalled Keynesian welfare state. It will be argued that the publication of Esping-Andersen’s Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism in 1990, during a period marked by the  omnipotence of the so-called Schumpeterian welfare state, coincides with the beginning of a new era for comparative social policy, one that has resulted in it being recognized as a separate field of study. The article discusses the main characteristics of each evolutionary phase of comparative social policy, as exemplified by the preponderance of descriptive studies and the functionalist family of welfare state explanations in the pre-1990 years and the dominance of the welfare state taxonomies in the post-1990 period. In spite of the challenges that are yet to be overcome, the proliferation of studies in the field transmitspositive messages about the future of comparative social policy.
Conference on research on the Refugee - Immigrant Issue Regarding the Attitude and Perceptions of the Local Society of Mytilene
Authors: Rontos Kostas , Syrmali Maria-Eleni
Published: February 2018

no abstract
Non-headache symptoms in migraine patients
Authors: Chen Ping-Kun , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: February 2018

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders. In addition to severe headaches, non-headache symptoms associated with migraine attacks as well as co-morbid disorders frequently aggravate the disabling of migraine patients. Some of these symptoms are related to poor outcomes. In this review, we update the advances of studies on certain non-headache symptoms, including visual disturbance, gastrointestinal symptoms, allodynia, vestibular symptoms, and symptoms of co-morbid restless legs syndrome and psychiatric disorders.
PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF TUBERS OF EARLY-MATURING POTATOES IN THE PREPARATION OF CALCULATING DOSES OF FERTILIZERS AND IRRIGATION
Authors: Мостякова Антонина , Mostyakova Antonina , Владимиров Константин , Vladimirov Konstantin , Тяминов Артур , Tyaminov Artur , Владимиров Владимир , Vladimirov Vladimir
Published: February 2018

The studies were carried out to determine the effectiveness of applying calculated doses of fertilizers to the planned potato tuber yields of the early-ripening Molly and Colette group in the conditions of the forest steppe of the middle Volga region. The influence of mineral nutrition backgrounds, calculated on obtaining tuber yields of 25, 35 and 45 tons per hectare in comparison with the unapproved control, has been studied. The analysis of the leaf area dynamics of potato plants, the parameters of the leaf photosynthetic potential, the coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation factor showed that these indicators of photosynthetic activity are directly dependent on the level of mineral nutrition. Against the background of natural fertility, the Molly variety produced 16.76 tons of tubers per hectare and 18.32 tons of the Colette variety. Fertilizers, calculated for 25-45 tons of tubers per hectare, ensured the formation of Molly 28.23-43.57 t ons per hectare, Colette - 29.72-42.54 tons per hectare. The introduction of calculated doses of fertilizers at 25 and 35 tons of tubers per hectare did not result in a significant decrease in the starch content in the tubers, and the doses that were calculated for a yield of 45 tons per hectare increased the amount of nitrates and reduced the starch content in the tubers.
REACTION OF PEA VARIETIES ON ABIOTIC FACTORS
Authors: Фатыхов Ильдус , Fatykhov Ildus , Корепанова Елена , Korepanova Elena , Сундукова Яна , Sundukova Yana
Published: February 2018

The problem of reaction of varieties or hybrids of field crops to abiotic factors has always been key in crop production. Further research is needed in this direction because of the advent of new varieties of pea seed. The purpose of the research is to determine the reaction of pea varieties on abiotic conditions in the competitive varietal testing by the formation of productivity on government consignments of the Udmurt Republic. Research tasks: analysis of yields of seven varieties of peas in four state stations; identify the most productive varieties in different abiotic conditions. The object of research: pea varieties Aksayskiy usatyy, Krasnous, Marafon, In memory of Khangildin, Stabil, Tomas, Yamal 2.
MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS AND CONVENIENT-STIMULATING COMPOSITIONS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES CULTIVATION WITH THE CONTENT OF RYEGRASS ON GRAY FOREST SOIL OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA
Authors: Хисматуллин Марсель , Khismatullin Marsel , Сафиоллин Фаик , Safiollin Faik
Published: February 2018

In accordance with the accepted norms for feeding cattle, absolutely dry substance of herbal food should contain 10-12% of digestible protein, 20-22% of fiber, 4-6% of fat, 6-8% of ash and 40-42% of nitrogen-free extractives with exchange energy of 14-16 MJ. Such high quality indicators are leguminous perennial grasses, cultivated on optimal backgrounds of mineral nutrition, which is also characteristic of clover meadow of Ranniy 2 variety. However, only due to the legumes of perennial grasses can not completely solve the problem of balancing the diet of feeding animals, since they differ extremely low content of sugars. Meanwhile, in the dry matter of ryegrass, the content of the sum of sugars reaches 20 percent or more. In this connection, this article deals with the cultivation of clover-ryegrass grass stands on the calculated background of mineral nutrition in order to increase the volume of production of energy-saturated feeds balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.
PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS ON IRRIGATED SOILS DEPENDING ON AGROTECHNIC CULTIVATION WAYS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA
Authors: Чекмарев Петр , Chekmarev Petr , Владимиров Константин , Vladimirov Konstantin , Кокров Александр , Kokrov Aleksandr
Published: February 2018

In modern conditions, one of the priority directions of potato growing is the selection of new highly productive varieties, resistant to the action of abiotic and biotic factors. When potatoes are cultivated, the optimization of mineral nutrition and the depth of planting of seed tubers is an important factor for obtaining sustainable yields. The experiments were laid on gray forest medium loamy granulometric composition of the soil of the forest steppe of the middle Volga region. It was established that the highest yield - 52.50 tons per hectare was formed when fertilizer doses (manure 50 tons per hectare + N135-153P135-145K179-184) were calculated for 50 tons per hectare of tubers, when planting to a depth of 8-10 cm. On tte background fertilization in a dose of manure 50 tons per hectare + N120P120K140 when planting at the same depth yield was 49.50 tons per hectare. On the variant with a planting to a depth of 6-8 cm, the yield of tubers was to 2.89 and 2.92 tons per hectare lower.
INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION BACKGROUND, SOWING TIME AND PREDECESSORS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF WHEAT – EMMER (POLBA) IN KAMA ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Шайхутдинов Фарит , Shaykhutdinov Farit , Сержанов Игорь , Serzhanov Igor , Зиннатуллин Дамир , Zinnatullin Damir , Гараев Разиль , Garaev Razil
Published: February 2018

This article presents the results of studies on the effect of nutrition background on the sowing time, different precursors on the yield and economic efficiency of growing wheat-emmer grains (polba). A very significant influence is given to the study of the crop formation of the oldest food culture polba on the gray forest soil of the Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. Regardless of nutrition background and the predecessor, when the crop is delayed, the productivity is reduced. When sowing for 14 days after the optimal period, the productivity on both nutrition backgrounds, regardless of the predecessor, decreased from 0.42 to 0.51 tons per hectare, against the background on a fertilized background, respectively, to 0.56 - 0.84 tons per hectare, while the profitability of production is reduced at 1 against the background of -51.4 - 61.6%, against the 2 background - 78.4 -87.1%. The main disadvantage of wheat-emmer (polba) as a grain crop is the relative low productivity. The average productivity for 2010 -2017 in the conditions of the Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan was 2.05 tons per hectare, the spring soft wheat was 2.15 tons, which is slightly different from the wheat productivity of emmer (polba). Taking into account the severely arid conditions during the growing season of spring wheat for the last seven years, this is a good result for wheat from an economic point of view.
Los albores de la economía en Colombia
Authors: Montenegro Álvaro
Published: February 2018

La Economía, como tema de cátedra universitaria y área del saber, parece haberse consolidado durante el siglo xviii en Europa, cuando era conocida como economía política. El término ‘economía’ solo se popularizó hacia 1900. El London School of Economics, quizá la primera escuela de economía en el mundo, se fundó en 1895. En Colombia comenzaron a dictarse algunas cátedras de economía política desde el siglo xix en las universidades del Rosario, Nacional y Externado. Sin embargo, no se encuentra suficiente evidencia histórica para precisar la institución que ofreció la primera carrera formal de economía en el país; esta podría estar entre la Universidad Javeriana, la Universidad Nacional y la Escuela Nacional de Comercio.
The power of magnetic attraction
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: February 2018

Sometimes, it is the simplest of objects that provides the impetus for learning opportunities. This article looks at the humble fridge magnet, and explores the possibilities that unfold.
Why, when and how to use insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Morris David
Published: February 2018

David Morris discusses the benefits of glycaemic control and when and how insulin should be used
Safety systems in general practice: Getting it right
Authors: Bowie Paul , Taylor Kate , Price Julie
Published: February 2018

Around 1–2% of consultations may involve a patient safety incident, but organisational problems can also create issues outside of the clinical consultation. How can the whole GP team contribute to improved patient safety, staff wellbeing and practice performance?
A guide to travel health vaccines
Authors: Lang Sarah
Published: February 2018

Sarah Lang outlines the vaccines travellers require for going abroad in what is an ever-evolving area of practice
Vertex and edge Co-PI indices of bridge graphs
Authors: Devi Sharmila , Kaladevi V.
Published: February 2018

The Co-PI index of a graph G is denoted by Co-PI(G) and Â is defined as Co-PI(G Â is the number of vertices of G whose distance to the vertex u is less than the distance to the vertex v in G. Similarly, the edge Co-PI index of G is defined as Co-PIe(G) is number of edges of G whose distance Â to the vertex u is less than the distance to the vertex v in G. Â In this paper, the upper bounds for the Co-PI and edge Co-PI indices of bridge graph are obtained.
El cuento como mediación pedagógica para el fortalecimiento de la lectoescritura
Authors: Soto Reatiga Myriam
Published: February 2018

Investigación acción realizada con el objetivo de fortalecer el proceso lecto-escritor de estudiantes de tercer grado de la básica primaria del Colegio Víctor Félix Gómez Nova de Piedecuesta, mediante un aprendizaje significativo usando el cuento como recurso pedagógico en el desarrollo de las competencias para el saber pensar; saber hacer y saber hacer. En el desarrollo metodológico, se partió de una prueba diagnóstica virtual, luego se aplicaron 10 talleres, y se documentó la experiencia a través del diario de campo y la producción de los estudiantes en forma de textos, dibujos y expresión artística. Los resultados mostraron avances en el proceso de comprensión lectora, identificación de un problema, caracterización de personajes, identificación de ideas principales y secundarias, y realización de inferencias, además de la producción textual y gráfica; se observó creciente motivación e interés en las actividades, la apropiación y contextualización del cuento y la generación de conocimientos.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract and Its Different Solvent Fractions of Piper betle L. In Vitro
Authors: Risdian Chandra , Widowati Wahyu , Mozef Tjandrawati , Wargasetia Teresa Liliana , Khiong Khie
Published: February 2018

Various diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases are induced by free radicals via lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, DNA damage, and cellular degeneration in the cells. Piper betle L., commonly called betel, belongs to the Piperaceae family. It originated from South and South East Asia, and has been used as a traditional medicine by people there due to its medicinal properties. In the present study, free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Piper betle L. together with its different solvent fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The ethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction had shown very significant DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity compared to the other fractions. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the ethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were found to be 17.43µg/mL and 11.53 µg/mL, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity was assumed due to the total phenolic content. The total phenolic content was found to be highest in the ethanol extract (277.68 μg EGCG/mg) and the ethyl acetate fraction (559.38μg EGCG/mg). The results concluded that the ethanolic leaves extract of Piper betle L. and its ethyl acetate fraction have a considerably free radical scavenging activity.Keywords: Piper betle L., Piperaceae, free radical scavenging, DPPH
Antioxidant-Free Radical Scavenging of Some Euphorbiaceae Herbs
Authors: Sunarni Titik , Leviana Fransiska
Published: February 2018

In order to screen natural antioxidant, the research about antioxidant of some Euphobiaceae herbs, have been conducted. The air-dried herbs  of Euphorbia heterophylla L, Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, and Phyllanthus buxifolius Muell Arg were extracted with metanol. The obtained extract was concentrated and then suspended to produce n-hexane, ethyl acetat and aqueous fractions. Free radical scavenger activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl) measured by spectrophotometric method  and the IC50 value was determined. The compounds of  active fraction had been identified by TLC method. All of the herbs showed activity as DPPH scavenger. Among these herbs, Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Phyllanthus buxifolius Muell, Arg. exhibited a strong free radical scavenging of ethyl acetat fraction with IC50 value 5,88 µg/ml and 4,64 µg/ml. The result of TLC by mobile phase n-buthanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5) and acetic acid 15% showed flavonoid compound.Keywords: Euphorbiaceae herbs, antioxidant, DPPH, flavonoid
Anti-Proliferative Activity of Nigella sativa Chloroform Extract on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Induced Female Rats Splenocyte
Authors: Firdaus Ahmad Fiki , Sobri Iskandar , Ekowati Heny
Published: February 2018

Previous study reported that Nigella sativa has in vitro and in vivo cancer activity.This study was conducted to observe the effect of chloroform extract of Nigella sativa seed (NCE) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced female rats’ splenocyte. The experiment consisted of five groups, corn oil solvent control group, DMBA group, DMBA+250 mg/kgBW NCE, DMBA+500 mg/kgBW NCE and DMBA+750 mg/kgBW NCE. Extract was dissolved in corn oil and oral administered daily for 2 weeks before and during the DMBA induction. Observation of cell proliferation was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and AgNOR stainings. H&E staining showed decreased necrocis activity extract groups compared to DMBA group. From AgNOR staining results, mean AgNOR (mAgNOR) of extract groups was less in number compared to DMBA group. The mAgNOR in corn oil solvent control group, DMBA group, DMBA+250 mg/kgBW NCE, DMBA+500 mg/kgBW NCE and DMBA+750 mg/kgBW NCE were 1.22, 1.91, 1.29, 1.36 and 1.33, respectively. Our current results showed that NCE reduces the proliferation of DMBA-induced rat spleenocytes  Thus, NCE has potency to be developed as a chemopreventive agent.Keywords: Nigella sativa, spleen, DMBA, anti-proliferative
The Number of Macrophages and Heterophils on Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane After Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr Extract Treatment and bFgF Induction
Authors: Hamid Iwan Sahrial , P. Yuseni Kusuma , Bijanti Retno , Aksono Bimo
Published: February 2018

Antiangiogenesis (inhibition of new blood vessels formation) has become a strategy to inhibit cancer development. The aim of this experiment was to investigate antiangiogenic effect of Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr focusing on the decreasing of the number of macrophages and heterophils on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Nine-days-aged-eggs were divided into six groups (eight eggs each group). Group I (positive control) eggs were induced with bFGF+Tris HCl. Group II (negative control) eggs were treated with DMSO+Tris HCl. Group III (treatment I) eggs were induced with 60 ng bFGF and treated with ethanolic extract of G. procumbens leaves with the dose of 60 µg. The following treatment groups, i.e. group IV (treatment II), group V (treatment III), and group VI (treatment IV) were treated with increasing dose of extract, starting from 75 µg, 90 µg, and the last was 110 µg. Eggs were incubated until they reach the age of twelve days to observe macrophages, while to observe heterophils, eggs were incubated until the age of seventeen days. Based on haematoxylin-eosin staining, macrophages in the treatment groups were less than the control positive group (bFGF+Tris HCl), but based on giemsa staining, the effect of Gynura procumbens in decreasing the number of heterophils could not be observed because some blood smears. These analysis suggest that the ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens leaves can perform as antiangiogenic agent decreasing the number of macrophages.Keywords: antiangiogenic, macrophages, heterophils, Gynura procumbens
Potency of Radical Scavenging Activity and Determination of Total Phenolic Content of Five Ethanolic Extract of Rhizome Zingiberaceae Family
Authors: Da'i Muhammad , Setiawan Didiek , Melannisa Rosita
Published: February 2018

Several studies show that some plants and fruits could protect human body from free radical danger exposure. Zingiberaceae family has some chemical substances that have antiradical activity, such as phenolic compound and flavonoid. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of total phenolic compound towards its antiradical activity. Antiradical activity assay was determined by DPPH method (1,1 difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). The total phenolic compound is determined by spectrofotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and counted as GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent). Based on this study, the total phenolic concentration of ethanolic extract of jahe (Zingiber officinale (L.) Rosc), kencur (Kaemferia galanga L.), lengkuas (Languas galanga), lempuyang gajah (Zingiber littorale) and lempuyang pahit (Zingiber americana) is 73.99 mg/g; 23.848 mg/g; 37.841 mg/g; 49.725 mg/g and 40.802 mg/g respectively. The radical scavenging activity (IC50) of jahe (27.38 µg/mL), lengkuas (93,27 µg/mL), lempuyang pahit (105,08 µg/mL), meanwhile lempuyang gajah and kencur show low activity of radical scavenging.Keywords: Zingiberaceae, total phenolic compound, antiradical, DPPH
Annona muricata's Leaves Ethanolic Extract Enhance p53 Expression in Rat Hepatic Cells Induced by Dimethylbenz(a)Anthracene (DMBA)
Authors: Adelina Rosa , Oktoberia Intan Sari , Intan Putri Reno
Published: February 2018

Annona muricata or soursop contains acetogenin which can induce apoptosis in vitro and has cytotoxic effect. The study has been done to examine soursop leaves extract’s potency in vivo especially to induce apoptosis in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced Sprague Dawley rats. The induction process was done twice a week for five weeks. The soursop leaves extract were given in three dosages, that are 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW for seventeen days after two weeks DMBA induction. Data analysis showed that Annona muricata leaves ethanolic extract could enhance p53 pathway significantly with a dose independent manner in DMBA-induced rats.Keywords: Proapoptosis,  Annona muricata leaves ethanolic extract, hepatoma