bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical study and evaluation of herbal cookies infused with Rasayana Churna: A comprehensive study on sensory acceptance and nutrient profile
Authors: Singh Varun , Anjana Chandhiruthil Sathyan , Galib Ruknuddin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Rasayana Churna (RC) is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation composed of Amalaki, Guduchi, and Gokshura. Renowned for its rejuvenating attributes and contribution to healthy aging, this formulation offers potential benefits in promoting overall well-being. Utilization of this powder dosage form presents an opportunity to formulate nutritional cookies enriched with beneficial constituents. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional composition, physical properties, and sensory quality of the cookies added with RC.

METHODS:

RC cookies were prepared using the standard method of preparation of cookies. The sensory evaluation of the cookies was evaluated by a panel of 20 volunteers using the Hedonic Scale. The cookies were analyzed for nutritional values like calorie content, crude fat, carbohydrate, protein, sugar, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, sugar, and sodium.

RESULTS:

Nine cookies, each weighing 26 g, were prepared out of 300 g of ingredients. Three batches of cookies were prepared to determine the quantity of RC. The sensory analysis of the cookies revealed a positive response from the panelists, indicating their acceptance. The nutritional analysis showed 500.99 kcal/100 g of calorie content, 6.64/100 g protein levels, and 7.86/100 g PUFA. Additionally, essential minerals, including sodium, were detected. The HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of active ingredients of the RC in the cookies.

CONCLUSION:

The prepared RC cookies are rich in nutrition compared to the cookies available in the market concerning calorie content, protein content, and other nutritional values. The PUFA were found to be three times more than the two market samples compared. The low sugar content makes the cookie a healthier snack for the general population. The sensory analysis showed the overall acceptability of the cookies.
Pharmacognostical specification of Cannabis sativa L. (Bhanga) leaves processed with various Ayurveda-recommended methods
Authors: Tavhare Swagata Dilip , Acharya Rabinarayan , Harisha C R
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Since years, Cannabis sativa L. has been used for medicinal, recreational, and spiritual purposes. Cannabinoids, mainly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), possess great therapeutic potential; at the counterpart imparts psychotropic and euphoric effects. Considering therapeutic benefits, many countries are legalizing the cultivation and medicinal utilization of Cannabis species. Ayurveda science has recommended four methods for Cannabis processing to reduce its intoxicant effect. The pharmacognostical changes after processing of Cannabis leaves have been reported in this article.

METHODS:

The dry sample of female species of C. sativa L. was procured from Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India; after permission of the excise department. The samples have been tested microscopically for species confirmation. It has been processed by four different methods, namely Jalanimajjana (water dipping), Jalaprakshalana (water-wash), Godugdha Swedana (boiling in cow’s milk), and Babbul-twak Kwatha Swedana (boiling in the decoction of Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. Processed samples were tested for organoleptic characters, powder microscopic features and comparative analysis was done with unprocessed samples.

RESULTS:

Processing changes organoleptic characters and alters the morpho-anatomic features like reduction in trichomes; deformation of structures like cystolith, epidermis, fibers, spiral vessel, trichomes and oil globules.

CONCLUSION:

Processing changes organoleptic characters, deforms features like epidermis, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, stomata, spiral vessels, fibers, oil globules etc. and alters characteristics of trichomes which are suggestive of changes in active constituents like THC, CBD etc. Reduction in trichomes is indicative of fall in THC levels, which will help to reduce psychoactive nature of Cannabis.
Our Clinical and Radiological Results in the Treatment of Bone Transport with Ilizarov External Fixator in Patients with Segmental Tibial Defects. Is Depression Associated with Poor Outcomes?
Authors: Aksoy Ahmet , Atay Tolga , Aslan Ahmet
Published: February 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent bone transport with Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of tibial defects due to traumatic causes, and to investigate the factors that have a positive or negative effect on the results.

Patients and Methods:

From a total of 30 patients with tibial segment loss due to traumatic causes treated with bone transport with an Ilizarov external fixator between 2013 and 2020 in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Faculty, 25 with adequate examinations and follow up were included in this study and were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were grouped according to the etiology of bone loss, demographic characteristics, Paley’s pseudoarthrosis classification and Solomin’s long bone defect classification. The results were evaluated according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) outcome criteria.

Results:

The 25 patients in the study comprised 20 males and 5 females with an average age of 44.80 ± 18.51 years. According to the Paley pseudoarthrosis classification, 16 (64%) patients were Type B1, 5 (20%) were Type B2, and 4 (16%) were Type B3. According to the Solomin long bone defect classification, 4 (16%) patients were Type B2, 14 (56%) were Type C1, and 7 (28%) were Type C2. In some patients, due to the fixation problem, early fixation was achieved with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis or intramedullar nailing by removing the Ilizarov fixator after the necessary length and alignment was achieved for the purpose of early rehabilitation. Early fixation was achieved before consolidation was completed in 16 of 25 patients. Fixator duration was 360 ± 130.77 days in the group without additional fixation and external fixation index (EFI) was 61.63 ± 29.81 days/cm, while the fixator duration was 273.33 ± 116.82 days in the early fixation group, and EFI was 57.22 ± 29.05 day/cm. Complications were evaluated according to Paley’s criteria. A total of 39 complications were recorded, the most common being pin tract infection. The ASAMI bone results were found to be excellent in 7 patients, good in 9, moderate in 4, and poor in 5. The functional results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 11, moderate in 4, and poor in 5. In addition, 5 (20%) of 25 patients whose results were evaluated had depressive illness. Moreover, the results of these patients were found to be poor according to the ASAMI criteria.

Conclusion:

The Ilizarov method is a very safe and successful option in the treatment of open fractures with tibial segment loss resulting from high-energy traumas. Nevertheless, when making the decision for treatment with this method, the patient’s current depressive disorder should be taken into consideration in addition to the clinical problems of the patients.
Effects of Orthodontic Mechanics on Root Resorption: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alruwaili Sultan Fatil Habib , Alessa Mohammed Khalid , Alhamid Abdullah Anwar , Albilasi Saif Saud M , Alanazi Samer Abdullah
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment is a common dental procedure aimed at correcting malocclusions and improving dental aesthetics. However, one of the potential side effects of orthodontic treatment is root resorption, which can lead to permanent damage to the tooth’s root structure

Materials and Methods:

In this comparative study, 60 orthodontic patients were divided into three groups, each receiving a different orthodontic treatment approach: Group A—conventional fixed orthodontic appliances, Group B—self-ligating orthodontic appliances, and Group C—clear aligners. Digital radiographs were taken before and after treatment to assess root resorption. The extent of root resorption was quantified using a standardized measurement scale.

Results:

The results indicated that Group A exhibited an average root resorption of 0.2 mm, Group B showed an average root resorption of 0.1 mm, and Group C had the lowest average root resorption of 0.05 mm. These findings suggest that clear aligners resulted in significantly less root resorption compared to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances and self-ligating orthodontic appliances (P < 0.05)

Conclusion:

This comparative study highlights the differential effects of various orthodontic mechanics on root resorption. Clear aligners demonstrated the least amount of root resorption when compared to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances and self-ligating orthodontic appliances.
Assessment of IL-8 Levels in Saliva of Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Individuals
Authors: Suryavanshi Vinaykumar G. , Tale Ravi K. , Aasole Ankush G. , Barge Arti K. , Sanikop Sheetal , Gopashetti Pallavi
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Inflammation of the gums and other tissues supporting the teeth, as well as gradual loss of attachment and bone, are the results of chronic periodontitis, an infectious illness. During inflammation, a group of low molecular weight proteins called cytokines facilitate a complex interaction between inflammatory cells (such neutrophils) and other cellular components in connective tissue. The cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Therefore, it is possible that IL-8 is crucial to the development of periodontitis’s pathology.

Objectives:

1) To estimate concentration of IL-8 levels in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis individuals. 2) To compare IL-8 levels in healthy and chronic periodontitis individuals

Materials and Methods:

Participants in this research will be recruited from among those who visit the outpatient department (OPD) at the NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, run by the Maratha Mandal.

Control Group:

Subjects with no clinical attachment loss (CAL) and a probing depth of 3.0 mm are considered to be periodontally healthy. Those in Group 2 (chronic periodontitis) have a chronic form of the disease, as shown by a probing pocket depth (PPD) of less than 5 mm and CAL of less than 2 mm. Unstimulated saliva sample will be collected in a 5 mL wide-mouthed sterile container by spitting method. Samples collected will be centrifuged. The supernatant is collected and stored at –80°C and then assayed for IL-8 concentration by using the standardized IL-8 ELISA kit.
Unveiling the Obsession: Exercise Addiction among Female Amateur Runners in Delhi-NCR and the Power of Unwavering Commitment
Authors: Bala Indu , Manglani Anita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:

This study was intended for a possible relationship that might exist between exercise addiction and unbending commitment among female amateur runners. Exercise addiction (EA) can be characterized as an obsession with physical activity;

Materials and Methods:

The “purposive sampling method” was utilized to collect data. The inventories taken for this purpose were “The Exercise Addiction Inventory” and “Commitment Running Scale.” The questionnaire was filled out by 100 participants aged between 18 and 50 years from the capital of India and its border area (Delhi and NCR).

Results and Conclusion:

It was found that 39% of female long-distance runners were exercise addicts, and 72% were highly committed to running, supporting a probable reason for EA.
Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Pregabalin in Preoperative Pediatric Sedation
Authors: Mahdy Wafiya , Saad Khaled , Gad Eman F. , Shabaan Islam , Hassan Abd-El-Monem M. , Ezzat Mohamed , Afify Noha A.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and sedative effects of a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg pregabalin in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery. It also assessed potential adverse effects and its impact on bispectral index (BIS) responses

Materials and Methods:

This prospective randomized clinical trial enrolled 60 pediatric patients undergoing minor elective surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral pregabalin (5 mg/kg) or a placebo one hour before induction of anesthesia. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), and sedation levels were evaluated using the Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS).

Results:

Pregabalin premedication significantly reduced preoperative anxiety, as indicated by lower VAS-A scores compared to the control group. Sedation levels, measured using the RSS, were significantly higher in the pregabalin group at various time points post-dose. During intubation, skin incision, and recovery, BIS responses were significantly lower in the pregabalin group

Conclusion:

The use of single-dose pregabalin preoperatively in children recorded a significant decrease in anxiety and achieved a state of sedation without an increase in adverse effects.
Investigation of the Potential of Nanoparticles as a New Drug Delivery System for Endodontic Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jain Gaurav , Shukla Preeti , Misra Pradyumna , Hans Manoj , Rastogi Shatakshi , Verma Sonali
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Endodontic treatment involves the removal of infected dental pulp and subsequent disinfection of the root canal system. The effectiveness of drug delivery systems in root canal disinfection is critical for successful treatment outcomes. This in vitro study explores the potential of nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for endodontic treatment

Materials and Methods:

Nanoparticles were synthesized using a biocompatible polymer and loaded with an antimicrobial agent. A total of 60 extracted human teeth were prepared to create standardized root canal infections. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups: (1) conventional irrigation, (2) nanoparticle irrigation, and (3) control (no irrigation). The root canals in each group were irrigated with their respective solutions for 5 minutes. After treatment, microbial samples were collected from the root canals and cultured for colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis. The depth of penetration of nanoparticles into dentinal tubules was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results:

The conventional irrigation group showed a reduction in microbial load from an average of 7.8 × 10^5 CFU/mL (SD ± 1.2 × 10^5) to 3.4 × 10^4 CFU/mL (SD ± 7.9 × 10^3) (P < 0.001). In contrast, the nanoparticle irrigation group exhibited a more significant reduction, with a decrease in CFU to 1.2 × 10^3 CFU/mL (SD ± 4.2 × 10^2) (P < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed deep penetration of nanoparticles into dentinal tubules, reaching an average depth of 150 μm

Conclusion:

Nanoparticles loaded with antimicrobial agents demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing microbial load within root canals compared to conventional irrigation. Their ability to penetrate dentinal tubules suggests their potential as an innovative drug delivery system for endodontic treatment. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate these promising in vitro results and assess the safety and efficacy of nanoparticles in clinical practice.
Assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Bioactive Glass in the Management of Intrabony Defect
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Preethanath Reghunathan S , Khan Nubesh , Mohapatra Abhijita , Reshma Arunima Padmakumar , Seshadri Pavithra Rangarajan , Awinashe Minal Vaibhav
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To assess the function of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) both only and in combination with bioactive glass in intrabony defects.

Materials and Method:

Twenty patients were split into two groups with 10 samples each: group I with PRP alone, whereas group II was done with PRP in addition to bioactive glass. Following local anesthesia, full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in the afflicted site, the defect was debrided, and root planning with curettes was performed. Irrigation was then used while in group II- PRP along with bone graft (BG) preservationwas done. Suturing in group I was contained. At day 0 (baseline) and 6 months after surgery, the clinical parameters for probing depth, clinical attachment stage, and radiographic assessment were noted for both groups.

Result:

When comparing both groups, there was no statistically considerable variation. However, the intragroup comparison for pocket depth and clinical attachment level between baseline and 6 months was significant. Radiographic bone level was not considerably dissimilar across groups; however, it was significantly different between groups

Conclusion:

Reduced probing depth, higher clinical attachment level, and radiographic evidence of bone fill are clinical outcome measures that are associated with effective regenerative therapy.
A CBCT Assessment of Orthodontic Mini-Implant Placement
Authors: Ashil AM , Sharma Aseem , Jose Lijo K , Grover Shubhi , Kochar Anuraj Singh , Varghese Shaji T. , Sharma Tanushree , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This study compares the precision of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and two-dimensional radiography for mini-implant implantation.

Materials and Method:

For 30 sites (in 15 patients between the ages of 13 and 26 years), the buccal interradicular region among the 2nd premolar and 1st molar was found to be the best location for mini-implants. Next, two groups of the mini-implant implantation process were created. Mini-implants were positioned at the CBCT data-identified sites in the CBCT group. Mini-implants were inserted in the RVG group by using two-dimensional digital radiography and a specially constructed guide. To assess the precision of the mini-implant implantation, post-placement CBCT images were acquired. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.

Result:

The two groups showed a statistically considerable variation in the mini-implant placement’s departure from the optimal height. Due to the smaller interradicular space and decreased convenience in the posterior mandibular area, two out of 15 mini-implants in the RVG group demonstrated root contact in the mandibular jaw

Conclusion:

The two-dimensional intraoral radiograph of the interradicular area provides sufficient information for mini-implant placement even though CBCT accurately visualizes the interradicular space in three dimensions.
Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Implant Tilting and the Direction of Loading on the Displacement and Micromotion of Immediately Loaded Implants
Authors: Sahoo Nihar Ranjan , Sahany Subrat Kumar , Pandey Vijayendra , Das Abhaya Chandra , Choudhury Purobi , Panda Saurav , Sahoo Rashmita
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To investigate the outcome of the loading direction and implant tilting on the micromotion and displacement of immediately placed implants with finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and Method:

Eight blocks of synthetic bone were created. Eight screw-type implants were inserted, four axially and four slanted, each measuring 11 mm in length and 4.5 mm in diameter. The axial implants and the tilted implants were distally inclined by 30°. The top of the abutment was subjected to 180 N vertical and mesiodistal oblique (45° angle) loads, and the displacement of the abutment was measured. The abutment displacement and micromotion were estimated, and nonlinear finite element models simulating the in vitro experiment were built. In vitro studies and FEA data on abutment displacement were compared, and the reliability of the finite element model was assessed.

Result:

Under oblique stress, abutment displacement was larger than under axial loading, and it was also greater for tilted implants than for axial implants. The consistency of the in vitro and FEA data was satisfactory. Under vertical stress, the highest micromotion values in the axial and tilted implants were extremely near

Conclusion:

Under mesiodistal oblique stress, tilted implants may have a smaller maximum amount of micromotion than axial implants. The loading direction had a significant impact on the highest micromotion values. The abutment displacement values were not reflected in the maximum micromotion measurements.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anti-Adherent Properties between Titanium Oxide, Silver Dioxide-Coated, and Conventional Orthodontic Wires Against Streptococcus Sanguis Causing Gingivitis
Authors: Das Monalisa , Pattnaik Naina , Dash Debashish , Swadesh Sreeman S. , Rath Shakti , Manek Pranav V , Makkad Ramanpal S.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To compare the antibacterial and anti-adherent properties of conventional stainless steel (SS) orthodontic wires and surface-modified silver dioxide-coated and titanium oxide-coated SS orthodontic wires against Streptococcus sanguis causing gingivitis

Materials and Methods:

The study used 60 orthodontic SS wire specimens, organized into six groups of ten each. The control group had uncoated wires, and the experimental group featured wires coated with silver dioxide and titanium oxide. Surface modification was done using DC sputtering, and microbiological tests assessed the antibacterial and anti-adherent properties of the AgO2- and TiO2-coated wires.

Results:

This study demonstrated the antibacterial effect against S. sanguis in orthodontic wires coated with the photocatalytic AgO2 and TiO2 compared to the uncoated wires. Also, this study demonstrated an anti-adherent effect in the AgO2- and TiO2-coated orthodontic wires. Moreover, the bacterial accumulation on orthodontic wires coated with AgO2 and TiO2 was lower compared to that on the uncoated wires

Conclusion:

During orthodontic treatment, the formation of dental plaque can be prevented by coating the surface of stainless-steel orthodontic wires with photocatalytic AgO2 and TiO2. Compared to silver dioxide, the titanium oxide-coated SS orthodontic wires showed better antibacterial and anti-adherent properties.
Antibacterial Effect of the Nanoparticle-Incorporated Primers Commonly Used for Orthodontic Bonding
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Chaugule Tejas A , Kubavat Ajay K. , Ravuri Preetham , Mandal Katha , Varma Praveen K.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Nanosized antibacterial agents can be used to prevent biofilm buildup on orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries, limiting microbial adherence and preventing caries. Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the antibacterial properties of orthodontic materials due to their smaller particle size and larger surface area.

Materials and Methods:

The study’s material analysis was divided into four groups, numbered I through IV, using Transbond XT Primer as a control and modifying group I by adding various antibacterial agents. 98.1 g of mutans–sanguis agar was dissolved in 1,000 ml of warm distilled water and autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121°C and 15 lb pressure. 176 disk specimens of 6 mm in diameter were created, sterilized in an autoclave, and heated to 60°C in a hot air oven for 1 hour. Ten milliliters of primer containing different antimicrobial agents was applied to the sterilized disks. Four petri plates were used for each concentration, with 16 disks in each group. 44 petri plates in all were utilized.

Results:

The orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents showed a significantly increased antimicrobial activity, and nanobenzalkonium chloride (BAC) at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy among all groups. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the least.

Conclusion:

Within the confines of the current investigation, it was determined that the addition of antibacterial agents had significantly higher antimicrobial activity and BAC at 5% concentration had the highest antimicrobial efficacy of all the groups.
Comparison of Different Antibiotic Medications on Microorganisms: An Original Research
Authors: Patil Ruthika S. , Onteru Pradeep , Jena Janmajay , Shashank Chapala , Siddiqua Humera , Parikh Hiral A. , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The onset and maintenance of disease can be significantly influenced by the colonization of the mouth cavity by pathogenic microorganisms or by an imbalance of the physiological microbiome. Hence, in the current study, various commonly used antibiotics have been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Materials and Methods:

The current research was performed as an in vitro study. The commonly used antibiotics Augmentin (CV), Ceftriaxone-Cephalosporin (CF), and Linezolid were tested for the microorganisms, lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli. The “Radius of Zone of Inhibition (mm)- RZI” after 24 and 48 h were tested by the agar-well diffusion method.

Results:

For E. coli, the antibiotics tested were CV (5 μl and 2.5 μl), CF (5 μl and 2.5 μl), and Linezolid (5 μl and 2.5 μl). The results showed that the radius of the zone of inhibition was consistent for each antibiotic concentration, with a range of 0.8–1.4 mm at both time points. For Lactobacillus, the antibiotics tested were CV (5 μl and 2.5 μl), CF (5 μl and 2.5 μl), and Linezolid (5 μl and 2.5 μl). The results showed that the radius of the zone of inhibition varied between antibiotics and concentrations, with a range of 0.5–1.8 mm at both time points.

Conclusion:

This study highlights antibiotics’ antibacterial action against E. coli and Lactobacillus. The data imply that antibiotic efficacy varied by organism and drug concentration. These organisms’ antibiotic resistance mechanisms and new antibiotic resistance methods need more study.
Exploring the Role of Pleurotus Ostreatus as an Ointment Formulation in Inducing Wound Healing in Mice Skin
Authors: Abdulhameed Ola Adil , Kadhim Haitham Mahmood
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Natural compounds rich in secondary metabolites have gained attention as alternative therapies for wound healing due to their potential advantages over conventional treatments. Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms have been identified for their wound-healing properties, including promoting neovascularization, epithelialization, and collagen synthesis.

Material and Methods:

This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing properties of different doses of topical Extract of Pleurotus ostreatus in albino mice using an excisional wound model. The experimental design involved administering various concentrations of the extract to evaluate its effects on wound closure and histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters.

Results:

The results revealed significant wound closure and improvements in histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters in mice treated with Pleurotus ostreatus extract. These findings suggest the potential of Pleurotus ostreatus extract as a viable wound healing agent.

Conclusion:

Pleurotus ostreatus extract demonstrates promising wound-healing capabilities, including promoting wound closure and enhancing histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters in albino mice. Further research is warranted to explore its full therapeutic potential and mechanism of action in wound healing.
Platelet-rich Plasma as Effectiveness in the Treatment of Osteoarthrosis of the Knee in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Teja Adam Mahendra , Kumar Manesh , Shashank Chapala , Saifuddin Rehan , Tiwari Rahul VC , Thakkar Smit , Jasmine
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Osteoarthrosis (OA) is a condition that develops slowly but eventually causes considerable morbidity. Many medical specialties have employed platelet-rich plasma (PRP) since it is the best autologous biological blood-derived product, can be exogenously supplied to tissues, and releases high concentrations of platelet-derived growth factors to promote tendon, bone, and wound healing. This prospective research aims to clinically assess the effectiveness of PRP injection therapy for treating knee osteoarthrosis.

Materials and Methods:

A clinical prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center for a period of a year. Subjects older than 50 years were selected for both genders who had a symptomatic primary knee OA. PRP is administered to and evaluated in 80 patients with knee osteoarthrosis. Using the VAS and WOMAC questionnaire tools, primary data was collected. The observations were compared using the appropriate statistical tools while considering significance at 95%.

Results:

Eighty-four subjects participated in the study till the end of the study period of 3 months. All study participants filled out questionnaires before injection, eight weeks after injection, and 12 weeks after. The obtained scores for the WOMAC and the VAS were compared, and it was observed that after 12 weeks, the WOMAC scores lowered from 77 to 33 (P < 0.001) and the VAS scores lowered to 6 to 1.5 (P < 0.001) and these alterations were significant.

Conclusion:

According to the most recent research, PRP therapy is a less expensive and more straightforward therapeutic option for the management of knee pain in patients who have OA, and it has also improved patients’ ability to participate in everyday activities.
A Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Using Different Post-Obturation Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Chawla Simran , Kumar Tarun , Mittal Sunandan , Keshav Vanita , Gilhotra Vidushi , Kaur Prabhprit
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using different post-obturation restorative materials. Seventy-five non-carious extracted human teeth were collected. Access opening, chemicomechanical preparation, and obturation were done. Teeth were randomly divided into various groups depending on the type of post-endodontic restoration: group I—control group, group II—Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill, group III—Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill + everX Posterior, group IV—P60, and group V—P60 + everX Posterior. The fracture resistance of each sample was measured using the universal testing machine.

Results:

The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. This demonstrated that group III (Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill + everX Posterior) was shown to be the most effective group followed by group V (Filtek P60 + everX Posterior) out of all of the other restorative experimental groups.

Conclusion:

Tetric-N-Flow Bulk Fill + everX Posterior showed maximum fracture resistance among the experimental groups.
Association of Uroguanylin, Body Mass Index, and Waist Circumference: Sex Differences and Obesity Implications among a Sample of Iraqi Adults in Baghdad City
Authors: Mohammed Farah A. , Baban Rayah S. , Jasim Mohsin A.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This research investigates the gender-specific associations of uroguanylin levels with various health-related parameters in Iraqi adults. The results revealed significant differences between genders in food style preferences and waist circumference (WC) risk. Notably, uroguanylin exhibited distinct correlations with low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and WC in females and males, indicating potential gender-specific effects on lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and adiposity. A total of 140 Iraqi adults (73 females and 67 males) were recruited into the study. Physical activity levels, food style preferences, WC risk, and BMI subgroups, were compared between genders. Additionally, participants’ characteristics, including age, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and uroguanylin concentrations, were analyzed. Significant gender differences were observed in food style preferences, with a higher proportion of males preferring fast food, with a greater percentage of females classified as having a high risk, females exhibited lower height and weight compared to males. HbA1c levels were significantly lower in females, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were significantly higher in females than in males. Uroguanylin concentrations were also significantly lower in females compared to males. Uroguanylin shows a moderately negative correlation with LDL cholesterol in females but not in males. Furthermore, a strong negative association between uroguanylin and HbA1c in females indicated improved glycemic control with higher uroguanylin levels, whereas an opposite trend was observed in males. No significant association was observed between uroguanylin and BMI in females, a significant positive correlation was found in males. For WC, a weak negative correlation was noted in females, whereas a moderately negative correlation was observed in males. These contrasting correlations imply potential gender-specific effects of uroguanylin on adiposity and body fat distribution.
Study of Head Trauma through Computed Tomography
Authors: Patil Nanda J. , Hulwan Atul B. , Kadam Rohit S. , Kumar Sachin , Vadhel Chirag R.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Primary brain injuries, which are the result of severe head trauma and cannot be prevented, are always catastrophic and fatal. Yet, if diagnostic and therapeutic steps are taken promptly after a craniocerebral injury, further brain insults may be prevented and the victim’s death can be avoided within 24 hours.

Materials and Methods:

Source of data, sample size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, statistical methods.

Results:

One hundred individuals with confirmed cumputer tomography (CT) scan results of severe head trauma participated in this analysis. Seventy men and thirty women accounted for the total number of patients. The research included 70% men and 30% women. The M/F ratio is 2.3:1. Males between the ages of 21 and 30 (a total of 21 patients) had the highest rate of head injury in our analysis. Males had a lower incidence overall, with nine cases in the 0–10 age range, 11 cases in the 11–20 age range, five cases in the 41–50 age range, three cases in the 51–60 age range, and four cases in patients older than 61. Similarly, eight of the female patients were in the 21–30 age range. There were also four patients between the ages of 0 and 10, four between the ages of 11 and 20, two between the ages of 41 and 50, five between the ages of 51 and 60, and three among those older than 61.

Summary and Conclusion:

Men were more likely than women to sustain a head injury. The majority of the study population consisted of patients between the ages of 21 and 30 and 31 and 40. Injuries were found to most often occur in car crashes.
Investigation of the Surface Roughness and Hardness of Different Denture Teeth Materials: An In vitro Study
Authors: Garg Kanav , Kaur Impreet , Vala Akshaysinh P. , Deepashree C. , Nair Vishnuja V. R. , John Nivya
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Surface roughness and hardness are key factors that influence the clinical performance and durability of denture teeth. Understanding variations in these properties among different denture teeth materials can assist in selecting the most suitable materials for optimal patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness and hardness of four commonly used denture teeth materials: acrylic resin, composite resin, porcelain, and nanohybrid composite.

Materials and Methods:

Ten specimens were prepared for each denture teeth material, resulting in a total of 40 specimens. Surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer, and measurements were recorded in micrometers (μm). Hardness was determined using a Vickers hardness tester, and results were expressed as Vickers hardness numbers (VHN). The surface roughness and hardness data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (e.g., analysis of variance), with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The results revealed significant differences in both surface roughness and hardness among the different denture teeth materials (P < 0.05). Acrylic resin exhibited the highest surface roughness (mean ± standard deviation: 3.45 ± 0.78 μm) and the lowest hardness (mean ± standard deviation: 45.6 ± 2.3 VHN). Composite resin demonstrated intermediate values of surface roughness (mean ± standard deviation: 1.87 ± 0.54 μm) and hardness (mean ± standard deviation: 65.2 ± 3.9 VHN). Porcelain demonstrated the smoothest surface (mean ± standard deviation: 0.94 ± 0.28 μm) and the highest hardness (mean ± standard deviation: 78.5 ± 4.1 VHN). Nanohybrid composite displayed surface roughness and hardness values similar to composite resin.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated significant variations in surface roughness and hardness among the different denture teeth materials evaluated. Acrylic resin exhibited the roughest surface and lowest hardness, while porcelain demonstrated the smoothest surface and highest hardness. Composite resin and nanohybrid composite exhibited intermediate values. These findings provide valuable insights for prosthodontic practitioners in selecting denture teeth materials based on specific clinical requirements, aiming to achieve optimal aesthetics, reduced plaque accumulation, and improved wear resistance.
Esthetic Management of Multiple Gingival Recession – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Phull Tanvi , Garg Anamika , Jyoti Divya , Yamini R , Natso Vizoto , Sapra Jatin
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The importance of esthetics is increasing for the patients as well as for the dentist. With a high incidence that rises with age and a complicated soft-tissue pathology caused by a wide variety of factors, gingival recessions are a common but troublesome dental problem. They are characterized by the exposure of the root surface of the teeth due to the apical migration of the gingival border beyond the cemento-enamel junction, and they cause both functional and cosmetic disruptions. Many different surgical approaches have been offered over the years to address gingival recession, all with the goal of providing enough root coverage and achieving aesthetically pleasing results. No matter the amount of defects, Zucchelli’s method is beneficial in terms of root coverage and keratinized tissue gain when treating many neighboring recessions. In this case study, Zucchelli’s coronally advanced flap is used to treat numerous neighboring gingival recessions.
Investigating the Long-Term Success and Complication Rates of Zirconia Dental Implants: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Shukla Anuj Kishor , Priyadarshi Mayank , Kumari Nishu , Singh Sonal , Goswami Pallavi , Srivastava Sparsh B. , Makkad Ramanpal S.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This study addresses the durability and complications of zirconia dental implants through a prospective clinical investigation. Zirconia implants are increasingly utilized in dental implantation, and a comprehensive understanding of their long-term performance is essential.

Background:

Zirconia dental implants have gained attention due to their biocompatibility and aesthetics. However, research on their extended success and complication rates is limited.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective clinical study involved the placement of 30 zirconia dental implants in patients requiring tooth replacement. The implants were followed up for five years. Success was defined as the implant remaining stable and functional. Complications, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, were monitored. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and P-values were set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The long-term success rate of zirconia dental implants was found to be 93.3%. Among the 30 implants, only 2 exhibited failure. The most common complication was peri-implant mucositis, occurring in 16.7% of implants. Notably, the incidence of peri-implantitis was limited, observed in 6.7% of implants. Statistical analysis showed significant associations between implant failure and smoking (P = 0.021).

Conclusion:

Zirconia dental implants demonstrated a high long-term success rate of 93.3% over five years. Peri-implant mucositis was the predominant complication, with a relatively low occurrence of peri-implantitis. The findings underscore the potential of zirconia implants for reliable dental implantation. Addressing modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, could further enhance implant success. Continued research is recommended to validate and expand upon these outcomes.
The Use of Lasers in Enhancing the Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Almaeen Hamdan A.H , Alsunaydi Turki A. M. , Alruwaili Dimah H. J. , Almutairi Talal F , Alanazi Hanin Madallah A
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The use of lasers in orthodontics has garnered interest for its potential to enhance the bond strength between orthodontic brackets and tooth surfaces, a crucial factor for successful orthodontic treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of laser irradiation on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets in a sample of 30 patients.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were divided into two groups. In Group A, brackets were bonded using conventional methods, while in Group B, brackets were bonded after laser irradiation. A diode laser operating at 810 nm was used, with an energy setting of 2.5 W for 20 s. After bonding, a universal testing machine measured the bond strength in megapascals (MPa). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also recorded to determine the mode of bond failure. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the results between the groups.

Results:

The mean bond strength in Group B (laser irradiation) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in Group A (conventional bonding). Group B exhibited a mean bond strength of 9.72 MPa, whereas Group A showed a mean bond strength of 7.41 MPa. The ARI scores indicated that Group B had more adhesive remaining on the tooth surface, suggesting a stronger bond.

Conclusion:

Laser irradiation prior to orthodontic bracket bonding resulted in significantly enhanced bond strength compared to conventional bonding methods. The increased bond strength and greater adhesive remnant on the tooth surface indicate that laser irradiation improves the adhesion between brackets and tooth enamel. Integrating lasers into orthodontic procedures has the potential to elevate treatment outcomes by ensuring durable bracket adhesion.
Comparing the Efficacy of Different Archwire Materials in Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Alderaan Razan A. I. , Alruwaili Shahad R. F. , Alanazi Dana S. A.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment is commonly used to correct misaligned teeth and improve dental aesthetics and function. Archwires play a crucial role in this treatment by exerting forces on teeth, prompting them to shift into desired positions.

Materials and Methods:

For this experimental study, 60 participants requiring orthodontic treatment were selected and divided into three groups: Group A, treated with stainless steel archwires; Group B, treated with nickel-titanium archwires; and Group C, treated with beta-titanium archwires. Standardized orthodontic procedures were followed for all participants. The rate of tooth movement was measured over a period of 6 months using digital models and a calibrated measurement technique.

Results:

The study revealed notable differences in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement among the three groups. Group B (nickel-titanium archwires) demonstrated the highest mean rate of tooth movement, with an average of 1.5 mm per month. Group A (stainless steel archwires) exhibited a mean rate of 1.2 mm per month, while Group C (beta-titanium archwires) showed the lowest mean rate at 0.9 mm per month.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study highlights the varying efficacy of different archwire materials in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Nickel-titanium archwires exhibited the highest rate of tooth movement compared to stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires.
Analysis of Post-Operative Pain Following Single Sitting Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Singh Parthivi , Umarekar Poorva , Yadav Siddhi , Gupta Apoorva , Yadav Geetika , Mishra Keerti
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The objective of root canal therapy is the complete cleansing and sealing of the entire root canal system, encompassing all of its elements. This current study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of postoperative pain in the patients during single-session RCT.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 70 maxillary central incisor teeth from 55 patients, representing both genders, were chosen for a one-session root canal procedure. Postoperative discomfort was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at the following time intervals: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours following the treatment.

Results:

Among the 55 patients, there were 35 males and 20 females. The average VAS scores at various time points were as follows: 6 hours (7.4), 12 hours (5.2), 24 hours (3.4), and 48 hours (2.5). These differences were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The authors observed a significant reduction in postoperative pain following a one-session RCT.
Evaluating GCS and FOUR Score in Predicting Mortality of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients (TBI): A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Hospital of South Malabar
Authors: Anand K.V , Shahid P.T , Shameel K.K
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study evaluated the full outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to predict traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes.

Methods:

Among 107 patients, FOUR and GCS grading systems analyzed emergency department patients within 24 hours. FOUR and GCS were assessed simultaneously. Patients were followed for 15 days/discharge/death to evaluate the results. Modified Rankin scores measured in-hospital mortality, morbidity, and stay.

Results:

65.42% of patients were 25–65. 10% were under 25, and 25% were over 65. Patients were 81% male. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) (90%), falls (7.48%), and assaults (1.47%) caused TBI. 19.62% died. 85.7% of 21 non-survivors had GCS <5 and FOUR <4. GCS mortality sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 85.71%, 93.02%, 75, and 96.4 (P < 0.0001). FOUR score mortality sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 85.71%, 96.51%, 85.7, and 96.5 (P < 0.0001). GCS and FOUR AUCs matched (P = 0.52). The unadjusted model reduced in-hospital mortality by 14% for every one point increase in GCS. Every 1-point FOUR score increase reduced in-hospital mortality by 40% in the unadjusted model. GCS and FOUR scored 0.9 Spearman.

Conclusion:

The FOUR score was comparable in the prediction of mortality in these patients.