bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
π‐Conjugated Porous Polymer Nanosheets for Explosive Sensing: Investigation on the Role of H‐Bonding
Authors: Kumar Rajput Saurabh , Kapoor Atul , Yogi Abhishek , Yarlagadda Venkateswarlu , Suresh Mothika Venkata
Published: October 2024

Nitroaromatic explosive sensing plays a critical role in ensuring public security and environmental protection. Herein, we report 2‐pyridyl‐thiazolothiazole (pyTTz) integrated blue‐fluorescent π‐conjugated porous polymer nanosheets, NTzCMP and TzCMP for selective sensing of picric acid (PA) among nitrophenol explosives. Acid‐base interactions between PA and pyTTz of CMP lead to H‐bonding interactions, where the hydroxy group of PA engaged in weak H‐bonding interactions with pyridine and TTz of pyTTz moiety. This led to a strong fluorescence quenching of CMPs—such formation of ground state complex was supported by linear Stern‐Volmer quenching plots, unaltered excited state lifetimes, and detailed FTIR analysis of PA exposed CMPs. Interestingly, both CMPs exhibited an excellent response to smaller analytes such as o‐nitrotoluene compared to 2,4‐dinitrotoluene. Both NTzCMP and TzCMP CMPs exhibited high KSV values of 9×103 and 2.1×103 M−1 for PA and the corresponding limit of detection values were found to be 0.46 and 1.6 ppm, respectively.
Validation and optimisation of reduced glutathione quantification in erythrocytes by means of a coulometric high‐performance liquid chromatography analytical method
Authors: Lauwers Stef , Van Herreweghe Maxim , Foubert Kenn , Theunis Mart , Breynaert Annelies , Tuenter Emmy , Hermans Nina
Published: October 2024

Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that consists of cysteine, glutamate and glycine, is present in all mammalian tissues in the millimolar range. Besides having numerous cellular functions, GSH is an important antioxidant and is considered a valuable biomarker in evaluating oxidative stress. This paper provides a sensitive analytical method using HPLC‐ECD to quantify GSH in erythrocytes, validated using the ICH guidelines for Bioanalytical Method Validation. The sample preparation was optimised using centrifugal filtration and a hypotonic phosphate buffer for extracting GSH from erythrocytes. HPLC‐ECD parameters were adjusted to allow a fast, reversed phase, isocratic separation in 10 min. The detector response was linear between 0.3 and 9.5 μg/mL with a satisfactory regression coefficient and a LOQ of 0.11 μg/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day repeatability ranged between 1.10% and 8.57% with recoveries ranging from 94.3% to 106.0%. Dilution integrity, benchtop, freeze–thaw and long‐term stability were investigated. Samples were stable for up to 6 months at −80°C. This method has a good linear response and is repeatable, precise and accurate. It minimises GSH auto‐oxidation using a centrifugal filter during sample preparation, instead of acidification. Therefore, this analytical method is suitable for quantifying GSH in erythrocytes as a marker of oxidative stress.
Assessment of Vicia faba L. Peels: Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Potentials
Authors: Raoof Gehan F. Abdel , El‐anssary Amira A. , Ali Abuaish Moaaz A. , El‐Masry Hossam M.
Published: October 2024

The current study intends to reach the optimal use of plant wastes and explore their biological activities. It evaluated the bioactivities and phytoconstituents of 70 %methanol extract of Vicia faba L. peels. The results revealed that the extract possessed very potent cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV‐3) (IC50=0.01 μg/mL) which exceeds doxorubicin (IC50=0.95 μg/ml), a reference anticancer agent, potent cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell line (PC‐3) (IC50=13.60 μg/ml), and moderate cytotoxicity against liver cancer cell line (HepG2) (IC50=40.9 μg/ml). Furthermore, the extract exhibited a potent antimicrobial effect on the tested gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis& Micrococcus luteus) with inhibition zone (IZ) range (14.0–23.0 mm), gram‐negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (IZ=14.0 mm), and pathogenic fungal yeast (Candida albicans) (IZ=19.0 mm). Moreover, 46 phytoconstituents were tentatively identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS) in positive ionization mode, 21 phytoconstituents were detected in Vicia faba peel for the first time. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify phenolic compounds, the major compounds were chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and vanillin. In conclusion, plant wastes are a rich source of phytoconstituents that exhibit biological efficacy.
Simultaneous Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and H2O Oxidation Under Non‐Sacrificial Ambient Conditions
Authors: Tong Qing , Tang Yu , Zou Weixin , Ye Yu‐Xin , Dong Lin , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: October 2024

The utilization of CO2, H2O, and solar energy is regarded as a sustainable route for converting CO2 into chemical feedstocks, paving the way for carbon neutrality and reclamation. However, the simultaneous photocatalytic CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation under non‐sacrificial ambient conditions is still a significant challenge. Researchers have carried out extensive exploration and achieved dramatic developments in this area. In this review, we first primarily elucidate the principles of two half‐reactions in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O, i. e., CO2 reduction by the photo‐generated electrons and protons, and H2O oxidation by the photo‐generated holes without sacrificial agents. Subsequently, the strategies to promote two half‐reactions are summarized, including the vacancy/facet/morphology design, adjacent redox site construction, and Z‐scheme heterojunction development. Finally, we present the advanced in situ characterizations and future perspectives in this field. This review aims to provide fresh insights into effectively simultaneous photocatalytic CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation under non‐sacrificial ambient conditions.
Preferential Formation of Three‐layered Host–Guest Complexes of a Planar Dinuclear Metallohost with Alkali Metal Ions
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Nakano Masato , Sakata Yoko , Yano Sachiko
Published: October 2024

We synthesized a planar macrocyclic dinuclear nickel(II) metallohost from the corresponding macrocyclic imine ligand containing two N2O2 chelate coordination sites and an O6 cation binding site like 18‐crown‐6 as well as peripheral hexyl groups. Due to the lipophilic nature of the hexyl groups, the metallohost was soluble in less polar media where its interaction with alkali metal ions was enhanced. The binding studies by NMR spectroscopy clearly showed its strong tendency to form multi‐layered structures. The metallohost formed 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 (host/guest) complexes with Na+ with the two‐step binding constants of logK1=6.6 and logK2=3.0. In contrast, its complexation with larger alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, Cs+) preferentially gave 3 : 2 (host/guest) complexes when 2/3 equiv. of the guest was present. The three‐layered structures of these 3 : 2 complexes were well characterized by mass spectrometry and 2D COSY/ROESY experiments as well as DFT calculations, elucidating their unique structural feature with three chemically different environments due to the oppositely curved two [Ni(saloph)] moieties of the metallohost. Therefore, the three‐layered structures were preferentially formed when larger alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, Cs+) were complexed with the metallohost.
Evolution of the Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Unique Marine Myxobacteria Polyketide Salimabromide
Authors: Gan Kang‐Ji , Zhu Yao , Shi Gaosheng , Wu Changhui , Ni Fu‐Qiang , Zhao Li‐Han , Dou Xiaowei , Zhang Zhihan , Lu Hai‐Hua
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Salimabromide, a unique and scarce marine tetracyclic polyketide, was synthesized in both racemic and optically active forms. A novel carboxylic acid‐directed method for tandem oxidative difunctionalization of olefins was developed, whereby the formation of bridged butyrolactone and enone moieties occurs concurrently. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this reaction follows a [3+2] process rather than the [2+2] process. In the meantime, the distinctive benzo‐fused [4.3.1] carbon skeleton and highly hindered vicinal quaternary stereocenters were simultaneously constructed through a challenging intramolecular Giese‐Baran radical cyclization. Furthermore, deuterium kinetic isotopic effects were utilized to enhance the efficacy of this pivotal step. This represents a new illustration of the application of kinetic isotope effects in natural product synthesis. Then, the short asymmetric synthesis of (+)‐salimabromide (13 or 15 steps) was accomplished by combing this method with rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of a cycloheptenone derivative (97% ee) or conjugate addition of an aryl boronic acid with 2‐cyclohepten‐1‐one (> 99% ee).
Safety and Usefulness of Intracoronary Acetylcholine 200 μg Into the Left Coronary Artery as Vasoreactivity Testing: Comparisons With Intracoronary Acetylcholine Maximum 100 μg
Authors: Sueda Shozo , Hayashi Yutaka , Ono Hiroki , Sakaue Tomoki , Ikeda Shuntaro
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We retrospectively analyzed the usefulness and safety of intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) 200 μg into the left coronary artery (LCA) as vasoreactivity testing compared with intracoronary ACh 100 μg.

Methods

We recruited 1433 patients who had angina‐like chest pain and intracoronary ACh testing in the LCA, including 1234 patients with a maximum ACh 100 μg and 199 patients with a maximum ACh 200 μg. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/100/200 μg into the LCA. Positive spasm was defined as ≥ 90% stenosis, usual chest pain, and ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes.

Results

The incidence of coronary constriction ≥ 90%, usual chest pain, and ischemic ECG changes with a maximum ACh of 100 μg was markedly higher than that with a maximum ACh of 200 μg. The frequency of unusual chest pain in patients with a maximum ACh of 200 μg was higher than that in those with a maximum ACh of 100 μg (13% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). In patients with rest angina, positive spasm of maximum ACh 100 μg was significantly higher than that of maximum ACh 200 μg, whereas there was no difference regarding positive spasm in patients with atypical chest pain between the two ACh doses. Major complications (1.38% vs. 1.51%, p = 0.8565) and the occurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (1.81% vs. 2.63%, p = 0.6307) during ACh testing in the LCA were not different between the two maximum ACH doses.

Conclusions

Intracoronary ACh 200 μg into the LCA is clinically useful and safe for vasoreactivity testing when intracoronary ACh 100 μg dose not provoke spasms.
Active Sites for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol: Mechanistic Insights and Reaction Control
Authors: Zada Habib , Yu Jiafeng , Sun Jian
Published: October 2024

Catalytic CO2 conversion to methanol is a promising way to extenuate the adverse effects of CO2 emission, global warming and energy shortage. Understanding the fundamental features of CO2 activation and hydrogenation at the molecular level is essential for carbon utilization and sustainable chemical production in the current climate crisis. This review explores the recent advances in understanding the design of catalysts with desired active sites, including single‐atom, dual‐atom, interface, defects/vacancies and promoters/dopants. We focused on the design of various catalytic systems to enhance their catalytic performances by stabilizing active metal in a catalyst, identifying the unique structure of active species, and engineering coordination environments of active sites. Mechanistic insights provided by advanced operando and in situ spectroscopies were also discussed. Moreover, the review highlights the key factors affecting active sites and reaction mechanisms, such as local environments, oxidation states, and metal‐support interactions. By integrating recent advancements and relating knowledge gaps, this review aims to endow an inclusive overview of the field and guide future research toward more efficient and selective catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
Class iCGF–1 Mode Power Amplifier for Enhancing the Linearity of the Traditional Continuous Class F–1 Mode
Authors: Li Feifei , Yu Cuiping , Liu Yuanan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the iCGF−1 mode is proposed to compensate the amplitude‐to‐amplitude modulation (AM/AM) distortion of the traditional continuous class F−1 mode while maintaining the high efficiency. The AM/AM profile of the iCGF−1 mode is mathematically expressed simultaneously as a function of the input nonlinearity parameter and conduction angle , which makes the iCGF−1 mode more flexible in controlling the AM/AM profile. The first inflection point of the AM/AM profile can be moved to a higher output power level through theoretical deduction by adjusting the second harmonic source impedance and gate bias voltage to increase the values of and . This flattens the AM/AM profile while the efficiency profile remains almost the same as that of the traditional continuous class F−1 mode. The performance of the iCGF−1 mode is verified through simulation and experimental measurements. The iCGF−1 PA is fabricated with CGH40010F and has a frequency range of 2–2.6 GHz. The drain efficiency is 70.1%–77.9%, and the output power is 41.1–41.7 dBm. The linearity is tested with a 100 MHz 5G NR signal (the peak average power ratio (PAPR) is 8.5 dB) at 2.3 GHz. The worst adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is −32.3 dBc without digital predistortion (DPD) and −52.1 dBc with DPD. The results show that the iCGF−1 mode has successfully compensated the AM/AM distortion of the traditional continuous class F mode and maintaining high efficiency.
Effects of the control of an invasive tree on the structure of a plant–frugivore network
Authors: Marciniak Brisa , Peroni Nivaldo , Traveset Anna , de Sá Dechoum Michele
Published: October 2024

Invasive non‐native species are one of the main causes of degradation of ecosystems worldwide. The control of invasive species is key to reducing threats to ecosystem viability in the long term. Observations of structural changes in ecological interaction networks following invasive species suppression can be useful to monitor the success of ecological restoration initiatives. We evaluated the structure of plant–bird frugivory interaction networks in a plant community invaded by the guava tree (Psidium guajava L.) by comparing network metrics before and after control actions. Psidium guajava was relevant in all metrics for the unmanaged network in this study, with high degree centrality and high nestedness contribution. Based on the asymmetry of species interactions, we found that birds were highly dependent on the invasive plant before suppression. Once P. guajava trees were eliminated, bird and plant species richness, total number of interactions, and modularity increased, whereas nestedness and interaction strength asymmetry decreased. The diet of the bird community became more diversified once P. guajava was no longer available and relevant species roles in community structure emerged. Our results corroborate the fact that ecological restoration interventions should include the control of non‐native plant species that attract frugivorous animals in order to diversify plant–frugivore interactions and thus maintain biodiversity in natural ecosystems.
Comparative study on chloroplast genome of Tamarix species
Authors: Liu Yanlei , Ding Kuo , Liang Lixiong , Zhang Zhan , Chen Kai , Li Haiwen
Published: October 2024

Tamaricaceae comprises about 120 species and has a long evolutionary history, Tamarix Linn accounts for approximately 75% of the total species in this family. It is the most widely distributed and diverse genus in the family. They have important ecological significance for transforming deserts and improving climate conditions. However, Tamarix is the most poorly classified genera among flowering plants owing to its large variability and high susceptibility to interspecific hybridization. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of three Tamarix species and one draft chloroplast genome were obtained in this study. Combined with eight chloroplast genomes deposited in GenBank, complete chloroplast sequences of 12 Tamarix species were used for further analysis. There are 176 non‐SSR‐related indels and 681 non‐indel‐related SSRs in the 12 Tamarix chloroplast genomes. The mononucleotide SSRs are the most prevalent among all types of SSRs. The mVISTA results indicate high sequence similarities across the chloroplast genome, suggesting that the chloroplast genomes are highly conserved, except for sample Tamarix androssowii (ENC850343). The IR regions and the coding regions are more conserved than the single‐copy and noncoding regions. The trnF‐ndhJ, ndhC‐trnM‐CAU, ycf1, and trnL‐UAG‐ndhF regions are the most variable and have higher variability than those of the universal DNA markers. Finally, the first phylogenetic tree of Tamaricaceae was constructed which confirmed the monophyly of Tamarix in Tamaricaceae. The first phylogenetic tree of Tamarix was based on the complete chloroplast genome to date, the changes in branch length and support rate can potentially help us clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Tamarix. All the obtained genetic resources will facilitate future studies in population genetics, species identification, and conservation biology of Tamarix.
Transferability of ecological forecasting models to novel biotic conditions in a long‐term experimental study
Authors: Dumandan Patricia Kaye T. , Simonis Juniper L. , Yenni Glenda M. , Ernest S. K. Morgan , White Ethan P.
Published: October 2024

Ecological forecasting models play an increasingly important role for managing natural resources and assessing our fundamental knowledge of processes driving ecological dynamics. As global environmental change pushes ecosystems beyond their historical conditions, the utility of these models may depend on their transferability to novel conditions. Because species interactions can alter resource use, timing of reproduction, and other aspects of a species' realized niche, changes in biotic conditions, which can arise from community reorganization events in response to environmental change, have the potential to impact model transferability. Using a long‐term experiment on desert rodents, we assessed model transferability under novel biotic conditions to better understand the limitations of ecological forecasting. We show that ecological forecasts can be less accurate when the models generating them are transferred to novel biotic conditions and that the extent of model transferability can depend on the species being forecast. We also demonstrate the importance of incorporating uncertainty into forecast evaluation with transferred models generating less accurate and more uncertain forecasts. These results suggest that how a species perceives its competitive landscape can influence model transferability and that when uncertainties are properly accounted for, transferred models may still be appropriate for decision making. Assessing the extent of the transferability of forecasting models is a crucial step to increase our understanding of the limitations of ecological forecasts.
Advanced lung cancer inflammation index is associated with mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure
Authors: Sun Xiaoqian , Zhang Xinyu , Tang Rui , Tian Jiangyue , Li Ying , Hu Xiaoxia , Sun Ziru , Wu Anhu , Xiao Jie , Dong Mei , Yao Guihua , Lu Huixia
Published: October 2024

Aims

Nutrition and inflammation status play a vital role in the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). This study aimed to investigate the association between the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), a novel composite indicator of inflammation and nutrition, and short‐term mortality among critically ill patients with HF.

Methods

This retrospective study included 548 critically ill patients with HF from the MIMIC‐IV database. ALI was computed using body mass index, serum albumin and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio. The primary endpoint was all‐cause in‐hospital mortality, and the secondary endpoint was 90 day mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis with long‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to assess the relationship between baseline ALI and short‐term mortality risk. The incremental predictive ability of ALI was evaluated by C‐statistic, continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results

The average age of 548 patients was 72.2 (61.9, 82.1) years, with 60% being male. Sixty‐three patients (11.5%) died in the hospital, and 114 patients (20.8%) died within 90 days of intensive care unit admission. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative incidences of both in‐hospital and 90 day mortality were significantly higher in patients with lower ALI (log‐rank test, in‐hospital mortality: P < 0.001; 90 day mortality: P < 0.001). The adjusted Cox proportional hazard model revealed that ALI was inversely associated with both in‐hospital and 90 day mortality after adjusting for confounders [hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) (CI): 0.97 (0.94, 0.99), P = 0.035; HR (95% CI): 0.62 (0.39, 0.99), P = 0.046]. A linear relationship was observed between ALI and in‐hospital mortality (P for non‐linearity = 0.211). The addition of ALI significantly improved the prognostic ability of GWTG‐HF score in the in‐hospital mortality [C‐statistic improved from 0.62 to 0.68, P = 0.001; continuous NRI (95% CI): 0.44 (0.20, 0.67), P < 0.001; IDI (95% CI): 0.03 (0.01, 0.04), P < 0.001] and 90 day mortality [C‐statistic improved from 0.63 to 0.70, P < 0.001; continuous NRI (95% CI): 0.31 (0.11, 0.50), P = 0.002; IDI (95% CI): 0.01 (0.00, 0.02), P = 0.034]. Subgroup analysis revealed stronger correlations between ALI and in‐hospital mortality in males and patients aged over 65 years (interaction P = 0.031 and 0.010, respectively). The C‐statistic of in‐hospital mortality in patients over 65 years was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.74).

Conclusions

ALI at baseline can independently predict the risk of short‐term mortality in critically ill patients with HF, with lower ALI significantly associated with higher mortality. Further large prospective research with extended follow‐up periods is necessary to validate the findings of this study.
Forecasting Expected Shortfall and Value‐at‐Risk With Cross‐Sectional Aggregation
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Yongqiao
Published: October 2024

The combination of the conditional autoregressive value‐at‐risk (CAViaR) process with the Fissler–Ziegel (FZ) loss function generates a recently emerging framework (CAViaR‐FZ) for forecasting value‐at‐risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). However, existing CAViaR‐FZ models typically overlook the presence of long‐range dependence, a stylized fact of financial time series. This paper proposes a long‐memory CAViaR‐FZ model using the cross‐sectional aggregation (CSA) method. The CSA method is well‐recognized for its ability to generate a long‐memory process by aggregating an infinite number of short‐memory processes cross‐sectionally. The proposed CSA‐CAViaR‐FZ model flexibly captures long‐memory dynamics in both VaR and ES and includes the original short‐memory CAViaR‐FZ model as a special case. Simulation and empirical results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms various competing models.
Predicting Equity Premium: A New Momentum Indicator Selection Strategy With Machine Learning
Authors: Qu Yong , Yuan Ying
Published: October 2024

We propose a new momentum‐determined indicator‐switching (N‐MDIS) strategy, harnessing the power of machine learning to enhance the accuracy of equity premium prediction. Specifically, we re‐examine the regime‐dependent feature of univariate predictive regression relative to the benchmark. Furthermore, we investigate the prediction mechanism of the momentum‐determined indicator‐switching (MDIS) strategy and validate the significance of market regime information for the MDIS. Our findings demonstrate an overwhelmingly superior ex‐post forecasting performance compared with the MDIS. More notably, our empirical results substantiate that machine learning greatly aids in momentum indicator selection. The results show that the N‐MDIS with machine learning generates more accurate ex‐ante equity premium forecasts than both MDIS strategy and N‐MDIS strategy with logistic regression, yielding statistically and economically significant results. Moreover, our new approach exhibits robust forecasting performance across a series of robustness tests.
The activation of asparagine synthetase by the transcription factor FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of ESCC
Authors: Lian Jing‐Jing , Li Zhao‐Xing , Lin Hui‐ling , Sun Ming‐Chuang , Wu Hao , Feng An‐Qi , Fang Kang , Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Xu Ai‐Ping , Chu Yuan , Zhang Li , Chen Tao , Xu Mei‐Dong
Published: October 2024

This study explores the role of the transcription factor FOXM1 in the initiation and progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our findings reveal that FOXM1 is highly expressed in ESCC and correlates with the prognosis of the disease. The relationship between FOXM1 and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is investigated, and the study demonstrates that FOXM1 activates ASNS, impacting the tumour stemness of ESCC. In this study, we reveal the association between FOXM1 and ESCC development, as well as FOXM1’s promotion of migration and proliferation in ESCC cells. The study also highlights FOXM1’s regulation of ASNS transcription and the functional role of ASNS in ESCC metastasis and growth. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of FOXM1 and ASNS on ESCC stemness and their potential implications for chemotherapy resistance.
Beyond myeloid neoplasms germline guidelines: Validation of the thresholds criteria in the search of germline predisposition variants
Authors: Mestre Julia , Chaparro Lorea , Manzanares Ana , Xicoy Blanca , Zamora Lurdes , Sole Francesc , Calvete Oriol
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasms can be suspected in patients younger than 50 years or when harboring mutations with a variant allele frequency (VAF) higher than 30% for point mutations in specific genes. To investigate the VAF thresholds’ accuracy we have explored the prevalence of germline variants below the 30% VAF threshold.

Methods

A total of 40 variants with VAF lower than 30% in bone marrow samples of myeloid neoplasm patients were selected and studied in CD3+ cells.

Results

All the selected variants were not found in CD3+ cells except one variant in the SF3B1 gene. However, the whole series was found somatic. Selected variants were also evaluated with our previously studied series of 52 variants with VAF higher than 30%.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that variants with VAF below 30% are strong somatic candidates but the variants with VAF higher than 30% cannot be considered of germline origin.
Synthesis of Benzannulated Spiroketals Derived From Stigmasterol and Sitosterol by Pd‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization. NMR and X‐ray Characterization. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Garcia‐Santos William H. , Mayorquin‐Torres Martha C. , Campos‐Xolalpa Nimsi , Pérez‐Gutiérrez Salud , Flores‐Álamo Marcos , Iglesias‐Arteaga Martín A.
Published: October 2024

Five new benzannulated steroid spiroketals were synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed spiroketalization of 5α and 5β‐alkynediols derived from stigmasterol and sitosterol. The detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X‐ray characterization of the newly obtained spiroketals are presented. While the obtained compounds showed null or very low cytotoxicity, two of them inhibited more than 60% of the nitrous oxide production in J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with LPS, showing promising properties as anti‐inflammatory agents.
Gender of a manager and firm performance in Africa: Does the business environment play a moderating role?
Authors: Okumu Ibrahim Mike , Nathan Sunday , Bbaale Edward
Published: October 2024

This study explores the moderating role of the business environment in the relationship between top manager gender and firm performance, using firm‐level data from 29 African countries. Controlling for endogeneity and country fixed effects, we find that female‐managed firms generally underperform male‐managed firms, except among large firms where female managers excel. The performance gap is exacerbated by a weak business environment, highlighting the need for reforms to close the managerial gender gap in Africa. Strengthening the business environment is essential for improving female‐led firm performance and by extension promoting gender equality in African business leadership.
Development of the machine learning model that is highly validated and easily applicable to predict radiographic knee osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Lee Do Weon , Han Hyuk‐Soo , Ro Du Hyun , Lee Yong Seuk
Published: October 2024

Many models using the aid of artificial intelligence have been recently proposed to predict the progression of knee osteoarthritis. However, previous models have not been properly validated with an external data set or have reported poor predictive performances. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a machine learning model for knee osteoarthritis progression, focusing on high validation quality and clinical applicability. A retrospective analysis was conducted on prospectively collected data, using the Osteoarthritis Initiative data set (5966 knees) for model development and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study data set (3392 knees) for validation. The analysis aimed to predict Kellgren–Lawrence grade (KLG) progression over 4–5 years in knees with initial KLG of 0, 1, or 2. Possible predictors included demographics, comorbidities, history of meniscectomy, gait speed, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, and radiological findings. The Random Forest algorithm was employed for the predictive model development. Baseline KLG, contralateral knee osteoarthritis, lateral joint space narrowing (JSN) grade, BMI, medial JSN grade, and total WOMAC score were six features selected for the model in descending order of importance. Odds ratios of baseline KLG, contralateral knee osteoarthritis, and lateral JSN grade were 1.76, 2.59, and 4.74, respectively (all p < 0.001). The area‐under‐the‐curve of the ROC curve in the validation set was 0.76 with an accuracy of 0.68 and an F1‐score of 0.56. The progression of knee osteoarthritis in 4 ~ 5 years could be well‐predicted using easily available variables. This simple and validated model may aid surgeons in knee osteoarthritis patient management.
Application of surfactants for the resolution of emulsions and suspensions in slop oil storage tanks, cleaning, and final disposal
Authors: López José , Marfisi Valladares Shirley , Lobo Mario , Guerrero Alix , Carvajal Carlos
Published: October 2024

In order to provide environmental solutions for the treatment of oily residues (slop oil) from refineries, formulations with surfactants were proposed according to the type of dispersed system of the slop (crude oil emulsified with water and/or solid particles). Samples were collected in 12 tanks located at the Oxialquilados Venezolanos C.A., Barcelona Plant (Anzoátegui, Venezuela), performing physicochemical tests for the identification of the dispersed system (solubility, wettability, stability, water content) and microscopic observations (morphology and particle size). The results indicated heterogeneous slop samples with a water content of 2%–60% vol/vol consisting of single or multiple emulsions, with droplet sizes between approximately 10 and 30 micron; others formed by sludge or suspension (solids/oil/water). For the destabilization of these systems, aqueous and organic cleaning solutions were designed, determining the percentage of oil separated in the bottle tests at optimal and simulated field conditions. Field tests with volume scaling of the slop tank reported efficiencies of 63%, 85%, and 100% when treating the slop TK‐17, TK‐36, EE, respectively; for the mixture (Pulmon‐2) an efficiency of 47%. By combining heat treatment and two demulsifiers was possible to treat the slop TK‐17 (multiple emulsion). A considerable volume of water can be drained from the tanks for use in the plant. In conclusion, the surfactant formulas were effective in the recovery of a significant amount of crude oil, making it feasible to return it to the generating entity.
Postoperative Complications in Lingual Versus Palatine Tonsillectomies
Authors: Cottone Chloe , Rosi‐Schumacher Mattie , Gawel Erin M. , Corbin Alexandra F. , Riccio David , Carr Michele M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the risks of lingual tonsillectomy (LT) in a large cohort and compare these risks to those of palatine tonsillectomy (PT).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the United States collaborative network within TriNetX. The LT group was defined using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 42870 and PT group using CPT codes 42820, 42821, 42825, or 42826. Groups were further subdivided into pediatric and adult populations and matched based on propensity scores within the cohorts. Complications occurring within 14 days of procedure were compared within each cohort.

Results

There were 1,357 adult patients (mean age, 42.9 years) and 863 pediatric patients (mean age, 8.1 years). Adults who had LT were more likely to experience postoperative dysphagia (OR = 2.6, p < 0.001) and require admission to the hospital (OR = 4.3, p < 0.001) or intensive care unit (OR = 6.1, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in bleeding between adult PT and LT groups, occurring at rates of 3.8% and 4.4%, respectively (p = 0.50). Pediatric patients who had LT were also more likely to experience postoperative dysphagia (OR = 2.4, p = 0.017) and require admission to the hospital (OR = 8.2, p < 0.001) or intensive care unit (OR = 2.7, p = 0.012). The postoperative bleed rate was 3.2% in the pediatric PT cohort, which was 2.4 times higher compared to those who underwent LT (1.5%, p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Postoperative complications after lingual tonsillectomy are more common than after palatine tonsillectomy in both adults and children.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1054–1059, 2025
Optimal financing strategies for low‐carbon supply chains: A Stackelberg game perspective
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Lin , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: October 2024

This study constructs a Stackelberg game model between low‐carbon manufacturers and capital‐constrained retailers. Considering the manufacturer's financing model, the manufacturer's investment model, and the internal blended financing model, it studies the optimal wholesale price of manufacturers. This paper investigates the impact of consumers' low‐carbon preference, the financing interest rate of manufacturers, investment ratio, investment return on carbon emission reduction investment, and supply chain pricing. The conditions for low‐carbon supply chain participants to choose the best financing mode and the impact of different financing models on the performance of low‐carbon supply chains were obtained.
Financial hedging incentive contracts in global supply chains: A distributionally robust approach
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Yu Hui , Sun Caihong
Published: October 2024

This paper developed a global supply chain with a supplier and a retailer in different countries. When exchange rate and demand risks are concentrated in retailer, a distributionally robust approach is used to formulate an optimized robust ordering strategy. Furthermore, the effect of financial hedging incentive contracts on the robust decisions and the profits of the global supply chain is explored. Our findings show that the correlation between exchange rate and demand does not affect the robust decisions of retailer. The effectiveness of financial hedging incentive contracts depends on the trade‐off between transaction costs of financial hedging and the degree of supplier incentives and the growth rate of order quantity.
Facile synthesis of triple‐network organo‐hydrogel for all‐temperature flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Cao Yang , Qing Liming , Wang Yan , Liu Zixuan , Gu Ning , Bian Yuehao , Fu Qiang , Sun Youyi
Published: October 2024

A new triple‐network organo‐hydrogel with high anti‐freezing and thermally‐stable performance is prepared for application in all‐temperature flexible supercapacitor. It is composed of boric acid/graphene/polyvinyl alcohol matrix and H2SO4/dimethyl sulfoxide mixing solution. The incorporation of graphene and boric acid into polymer matrix can improve thermal stability and ionic conductivity of organo‐hydrogel. The H2SO4 and dimethyl sulfoxide are key roles for improving anti‐freezing of organo‐hydrogel. The organo‐hydrogel exhibits high ionic conductivity of 1.6 and 3.1 S/m at −80 and 90°C, respectively. As a result, the assembled supercapacitor delivers a high capacitance retention of 84.5% and 113.3% at ultra‐low temperature (−80.0°C) and high temperature (90.0°C), respectively. The work provides a new route to design and prepare flexible supercapacitor with wide temperature range.
Polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based electrospun membranes loaded with amoxicillin‐potassium clavulanate halloysite nanotubes for biomedical applications
Authors: Verma Deepak , Okhawilai Manunya , Senthilkumar Nangan , Thirumalaivasan Natesan , Incharoensakdi Aran , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Biopolymers exhibit distinct properties for biomedical applications. Different biopolymer classes are utilized for various applications, for example antibacterial properties, drug delivery, tissue engineering, tissue scaffolds etc. In the present investigation, a nano‐bioengineering approach was followed to prepare polyhydroxybutyrate and polycaprolactone polymer‐based drug‐loaded halloysite nanotube electrospun membranes for biomedical applications. Functionalized halloysite nanotubes ((3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane acid treated halloysite nanotubes) at different weight percentages (1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were loaded with a broad‐spectrum antibiotic amoxicillin trihydrate‐potassium clavulanate, incorporated into the electrospun membranes, and characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and TGA. Different physical and mechanical properties were evaluated, such as porosity, water uptake, water vapor transmission rate, wettability and tensile properties. The developed membranes exhibited good in vitro biological properties, for example antibacterial, effective cell migration and less toxicity, as confirmed by disk diffusion, MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and cell scratch assays. A sustained drug release profile was observed from all the developed membranes. Overall results on the characterization of the developed membranes confirm the suitability of their use for different biomedical applications and as a wound dressing application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Explaining preservice teachers' intention and behavior to use technology‐enabled learning in China: A multi‐group analysis across experiences
Authors: Hou Mingdi , Shen Yafei
Published: October 2024

This study examines the development of preservice teachers' intention and behavior to use of Technology‐Enabled Learning (TEL) within the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Despite growing interest, the effective integration of TEL among preservice teachers remains a challenge. Engaging 1023 participants ‐ senior undergraduates with practical TEL experience in real classroom settings ‐ the study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between key factors ‐ experience, subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control ‐ and their influence on the intention and behavior to use of TEL. The findings revealed that behavioral intention did not significantly influence the actual use of TEL, whereas perceived behavioral control acted both as a determinant of TEL use and as a mediator in the relationship between subjective norms and TEL usage. Additionally, while subjective norms showed minimal impact on behavioral intention, attitudes and perceived behavioral control emerged as crucial antecedent variables and mediators. The multi‐group analysis using SEM revealed that preservice teachers' experience with TEL moderated the first half of the mediating pathway between subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and the actual use of TEL. Notably, multi‐group analysis indicated that as preservice teachers gained more experience with TEL, the influence of subjective norms on perceived behavioral control weakened. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the TPB framework and its extended models in the context of TEL in teacher education, offering valuable insights for developing more effective TEL training and guidance strategies, ultimately aiming to enhance preservice teachers' proficiency and engagement with TEL.
Walking the Talk: “Reflexivity” to Advance Integration of Patient Reported Outcomes for Cancer Care Screening
Authors: Przybylak‐Brouillard Antoine , Nugus Peter , Lambert Sylvie
Published: October 2024

In this commentary, we propose the use of video‐reflexive ethnography (VRE) as a means to support integration of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in cancer care screening. As for any policy or intervention, the optimization of PROs depends on moving beyond their mere formal introduction, and depends on the integration of PROs in the everyday practice contexts of health care professionals (HPEs). The use of VRE allows for video‐playback sessions among oncology professionals to support team‐based learning and practice‐change grounded in “reflexivity.” Through a review of previous methods used to support organizational change in healthcare settings (e.g., policies, quality improvement initiatives, simulation sessions), we present some unsung advantages of VRE that can be applied to a complex integrated setting, such as cancer care. As opposed to other methods to create change, VRE does not dictate new measures, but rather supports “bottom‐up” provider‐initiated changes to health care practices and contexts, grounded in collaborative day‐to‐day practice. We argue that VRE optimizes PROs in cancer care by facilitating their effective and sustainable integration, to promote improved patient care.
Volatilome of the maize phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides: potential applications in diagnosis and biocontrol
Authors: Achimón Fernanda , Pizzolitto Romina P
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Fusarium verticillioides is a maize fungal phytopathogen and a producer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). Our aim was to study the volatilome, conidial production, ergosterol and FB1 biosynthesis in maize cultures over a 30‐day incubation period (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 days post inoculation [DPI]). The effect of pure VOCs on the same parameters was then evaluated to study their potential role as biocontrol agents.

RESULTS

In total, 91 VOCs were detected, with volatile profiles being more similar between 5 and 10 DPI compared with 15, 20, 25 and 30 DPI. Ergosterol content increased steadily with incubation time, and three growth stages were identified: a lag phase (0 to 15 DPI), an exponential phase (15 to 20 DPI) and a stationary phase (20 to 30 DPI). The maximum concentration of FB1 was detected at 25 (0.030 μg FB1/μg ergosterol) and 30 DPI (0.037 μg FB1/μg ergosterol), whereas conidial production showed a maximum value at 15 DPI (4.3 ± 0.2 × 105 conidia/μg ergosterol). Regarding pure VOCs, minimal inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.3 mm for 4‐hexen‐3‐one to 7.4 mm for 2‐undecanone. Pure VOCs reduced radial growth, conidial production and ergosterol and FB1 biosynthesis.

CONCLUSIONS

The marked resemblance between VOC profiles at 5 and 10 DPI suggests that they could act as early indicators of fungal contamination, particularly 4‐ethylguaiacol, 4‐ethyl‐2‐methoxyanisole, heptanol and heptyl acetate. On the other hand, their role as inhibitors of fungal growth and FB1 biosynthesis prove their great potential as safer alternatives to control phytopathogenic fungi. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Macroinvertebrate Community Responses to Disturbance in a Fragmented River With Contrasting Legacies of Alteration
Authors: Baumann Karen A. , Scholl Eric A. , Rantala Heidi M. , Whiles Matt R.
Published: October 2024

Flow is a critical factor determining the riverine ecosystem structure and function. Widespread hydrologic alteration, however, has impacted the ecological integrity of rivers in ways that are not well understood, including responses of biological communities to increasingly frequent and severe climatic disturbances. Our study compared the responses of invertebrate communities on woody debris to large flooding and extreme drought in two highly contrasting segments of an impaired low‐gradient river. The upstream segment, which according to previous research has higher α‐diversity and production of large‐bodied and sensitive invertebrates, maintained higher flows and longitudinal connectivity throughout the 4‐year study. Communities in this upper segment resembled one another among sites (lower spatial turnover) but experienced greater temporal shifts in composition associated with hydrological disturbances. Conversely, invertebrate communities in the highly altered downstream segment, which is impaired by reduced flow, sedimentation, and hypoxia, were composed of smaller‐bodied and pollution‐tolerant taxa with lower α‐diversity. Unlike the upper segment, communities were patchily distributed among sites (higher spatial turnover), which made it more difficult to detect system‐wide temporal variation in composition throughout the study. Our study underscores the benefit of including measures of connectivity and spatial heterogeneity when assessing the ecological integrity of lotic systems. Understanding the system‐wide response to disturbances across longer time frames can help better predict and mitigate the impacts of climate change on ecosystem integrity in degraded rivers.