bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap Peredaman DPPH
Authors: Siyanti Amelia , Fitriani Nurul , Angga
Published: February 2020

Avocado peel is contains chemical compound of alkaloid as antioxidant. So, has been research is to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract avocado peel (Persea americana Mill.) inhibition of DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The extraction method used maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract avocado peel with variant concentrations are 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm and ascorbic acid standard as a positive control with variant concentrations are 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm. Antioxidant activity inhibit DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical reduction was measured using Uv-Vis spectrophotometry. The results of antioxidant activity was obtained at IC50 (inhibition concentration) from the ethanol extract avocado is 137.34 ppm and ascorbic acid is 13.18 ppm. The results of ethanol extract avocado peel has moderate antioxidant activity.
Potensi Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kokang dan Kersen Sebagai Tabir Surya Secara In Vitro
Authors: Sari Agata Tika , Annisa Nurul , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Kokang (Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh) dan kersen (Muntingia calabura L.)  merupakan bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak etanol daun kokang dan kersen baik dalam bentuk tunggal maupun kombinasi sebagai Tabir Surya secara in vitro. Penelitian ini mengukur aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) dan pengujian aktivitas tabir surya %Te dan %Tp yang dihitung berdasarkan nilai absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun kokang (IC50 =18 ppm) dan daun kersen (IC50 =27 ppm) dan termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Pengujian tabir surya menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 1:2 ekstrak kokang dan kersen termasuk kategori proteksi ekstra dengan %Te sebesar 1,76% dan kategori sunblock dengan %Tp sebesar 1,36%.
Gambaran Hasil Aktivitas Antioksidan Berberapa Perlakuan Teknik Preparasi Pembuatan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L.Merr) Menggunakan Senyawa DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
Authors: Alaydrus Syarifah maryam , Widayat Wahyu , Rijai Laode
Published: February 2020

Pineapple skin (Ananas comosus L.Merr) has been known to have a category of strong antioxidant activity against reducing DPPH compounds (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). However, references to the preparation process of extract concentration making and the treatment of DPPH compounds to extracts are not much elaborated, so that it can cause errors in inferring the category of antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of antioxidant activity through the treatment of preparation techniques for the concentration of pineapple peel extract concentration. Pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus L. Merr) was prepared by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 516.4 nm. The extract concentration to be tested was 500 ?g/mL, 250 ?g/mL, 125 ?g/mL, 62.5 ?g/mL and 31.25 ?g/mL and the concentration of DPPH compounds (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) was 45 ?g/mL. Treat the extract making concentration divided into 3 namely P1 (multilevel dilution with a volume ratio of 1: 1) P2 (normal dilution with a volume ratio of 1: 1) and P3 (DPPH solution is used to suffice the volume of the extracted test extract). The results of percent inhibitors from each treatment of making concentrations showed P1 <P2, P1 <P3, P2 <P3, and IC50 of each treatment were P1 268.07 ?g/mL, P2 was 231.28 ?g/mL, P3 was 78.403 ?g/mL. Based on the results of IC50 P3 gives the category of antioxidant activity that is 78,403.Keywords: pineapple fruit skin (Ananas comosus L. Merr), antioxidants, dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl), dilution.
Pengujian UV-Proteksi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) secara In Vitro
Authors: Afni  , Agustina Risna , Angga
Published: February 2020

Kaffir Lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) often used for various treatments and also for cosmetics. One of the benefits of lime leaves in cosmetics is Sunscreen. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of sunscreen and the category of sunscreen. The value %Te, %Tp, and Spf can be seen from the results of the calculation. The method is used by maceration. Then, the measurements using an UV spectrophotometer. At concentration of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm and 500 ppm. At wavelengths of 292,5 - 372,5 nm for measurements of values % Te and % Tp. While for SPF values at wavelengths of 290 - 320 nm. The best results obtained were at concentration of 500 ppm, with a value of % Te 1,78 which is an extra protection category and the value of % Tp 1,27 which is the sunblock category, and the value of SPF 16 which is the ultra category.
Pola Pengobatan Pada Pasien Infark Miokard Akut Di Rumah Sakit Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Winanda Desta , Prabowo Wisnu Cahyo , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Acute myocardial infarction is a major health problem that needs special attention because of the mortality prevalence and costs is quite high. Generally caused by plaque rupture and thrombus of coronary arteries so that the oxygen-containing blood supply is reduced to the myocardium. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of acute myocardial infarction patients and acutemiokardial infarction drug use pattern at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda City in the January-December 2018 period. This study was a non-experimental study with a retrospective method and analyzed descriptively. Sampling using a purposive sampling method. The results of the most characteristic study were obtained in patients with acute myocardial infarction in men, namely 7,4%, age characteristics 46-55 years 37,1%, private work 48,6%, and high school education 47,1%. The most treatment pattern used in STEMI patients out of 32 patients was Nitrate + DAPT + Anticoagulant + ACE-I + Statin for 6 patients (18.7%) and the most treatment pattern used in NSTEMI patients out of 38 patients was Nitrate + DAPT + Anticoagulant + ß-Blocker + Statins in 7 patients (18.4%). The use of most drugs ISDN (antiangina) as much as 90%, morphine and petidine (potency analgesic) 8.6%, aspirin (antiplatelet) 84.3%, fondaparinuks (anticoagulants) 68.6% and streptokinase (fibrinolytic agents) 5.7% . To prevent reinfarction the most used drug is bisoprolol (ß-Blocker) 28.6%. The most commonly used left ventricular damage inhibitor candesartan (ARB) is 22.8%. The most given antidislipidemia was simvastatin 47.1%.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Lactic Acid-Sucrose dengan Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) terhadap Polifenol Total dari Herba Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth)
Authors: Datu Kharisma Ayu Tandi , Fitriani Nurul , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: February 2020

This study aim to determine the effect of use lactic acid and sucrose with assistance of Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) on Total Polyphenols from Herbs Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth). The dried sample of Herbs Suruhan was extracted using (green solvent) lactic acid-sucrose with a ratio of 1:1 g/g, 2:1 g/g and 3:1 g/g and the extraction conditions microwave strength was 50% for 10 minutes at a ratio sample and solvent 1:10 g/ml. Then the extract solution obtained to determine the total polyphenol level using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent and it absorbance was measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 791 nm. Based on the result of the study, obtained levels of polyphenols from each solvent condition used on the sample were 573,443 mg GAE/g (2:1), 472,479 mg GAE/g (1:1) and 420,14 mg GAE/g (3:1). It can be concluded that the lactic acid-sucrose method with microwave assisted extraction can be used to extract polyphenol compounds from Herbs Suruhan.
Uji Aktivitas Tabir Surya Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Annona muricata Linn Folium, Artocarpus champeden Spreng Folium dan Plectranthus scutellaroides Folium Secara In Vitro
Authors: Utami Rachma Nadya , Rahmadani Agung , Ardana Mirhansyah
Published: February 2020

Daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn folium), daun cempedak (Artocarpus Champeden Spreng folium) dan daun miana (Plectranthus scutellaroides L folium) merupakan tanaman yang telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas tabir surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas tabir surya kombinasi  fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak, daun cempedak dan daun miana secara in vitro serta nilai SPF. Aktivitas tabir surya dan nilai SPF diuji menggunakan spektrofotometri. Aktivitas tabir surya pada 292,5-372,5 nm dan nilai SPF pada 290-320 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbedaan aktivitas tabir surya pada tanaman tunggal dan tanaman kombinasi yaitu pada tanaman kombinasi memiliki aktivitas tabir surya dan nilai SPF yang lebih tinggi dari pada tunggalnya. Pada tanaman kombinasi daun sirsak, daun cempedak dan daun miana mampu mencapai kategori aktivitas tabir surya tertinggi yaitu sebagai sunblock dan nilai SPF sebagai proteksi ultra.
Uji Aktivitas Sub Fraksi Daun Bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa (L) pers) Sebagai Antibakteri dan Antioksidan
Authors: Ansar Muhammad , Rahmadani Agung , Fadraersada Jaka
Published: February 2020

Daun bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa (L) pers) merupakan tanaman yang telah digunakan secara empiris sebagai obat. Berdasarkan pendekatan kemotaksonomi diketahui bahwa Ekstrak metanol dari Lythrum salicaria L. dengan famili yang sama dengan Bungur yaitu Lythraceae, mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid seperti isoviteksin dan isoorientin, yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri, sehingga dapat diduga dalam daun Bungur juga mengandung senyawa golongan metabolit sekunder yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan dari daun bungur. Simplisia daun bungur terlebih dahulu diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi. Kemudian difraksinasi dengan metode padat-cair dengan kromatografi cair vakum dan kolom konvensional. Metode antibakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode KLT Bioautografi dan untuk metode antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sub fraksi G dan J mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dan Sub fraksi H, I dan J mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Fungi Endofit Tumbuhan Brotowali (Tinospora crispa)
Authors: Elisa Elisa , Arifuddin M. , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Fungi endofit adalah salah satu sumber senyawa bioaktif yang dapat menghasilkan senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat berbagai macam jenis fungi endofit secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis dari tumbuhan Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) yang dapat menjadi kandidat dari fungi endofit yang dapat memproduksi senyawa bioaktif. Isolasi endofit dari batang Brotowali dilakukan pada medium PDA dan diperoleh 5 isolat fungi endofit.
Analisis Biaya Minimal dan Efektivitas Terapi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Panglima Sebaya Paser
Authors: Norhalimah Norhalimah , Agustina Risna , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Diabetes melitus adalah suatu penyakit yang memerlukan terapi selama hidupnya sehingga membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar untuk terapi pengobatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui obat antidiabetik dengan biaya minimal dan efektif di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Panglima Sebaya Paser. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif terhadap catatan rekam medis. Hasil penelitian terhadap 95 pasien menunjukkan bahwa obat antidiabetik yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu kombinasi insulin novorapid dengan levemir dan novorapid engan ezelin. Penggunaan obat yang efektif pada terapi diabetes melitus adalah insulin ezelin kombinasi dengan novorapid dengan nilai ACER Rp 22.984,00.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Bunga Mawar (Rosa damascena MILL) dan Umbi Bengkoang (Pachyrizus erosus)
Authors: Husna Maziyyah , Hajrah  , Rijai Laode
Published: February 2020

Bunga mawar (Rosa damascena MILL) dan Umbi bengkoang (Pachyrizus erosus) mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan daidzein yang bersifat sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak tersebut dengan perbandingan 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 dan 2:3. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan persiapan sampel bunga mawar dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan umbi bengkuang disokletasi dengan pelarut petroleum eter, kemudian residu diekstraksi dengan metanol dan dilanjutkan fraksinasi cair-cair dengan etil asetat dan pengujian antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan IC50 kombinasi ekstrak dengan perbandingan 1:1 sebesar 38,422 ppm, 1:2 sebesar 30,490 ppm, 2:1 sebesar 78,613 ppm, 1:3 sebesar 18,222 ppm dan 2:3 sebesar 22,62 ppm.
Analisis Biaya Minimal dan Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Analgesik Pada Pasien Bedah Sesar di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Samarinda
Authors: Nurfita  , Arifian Hanggara , Fadraersada Jaka
Published: February 2020

Bedah sesar merupakan tindakan pembedahan untuk melahirkan bayi dengan cara  membuka dinding perut dan rahim. Salah satu komplikasi pada pasien dengan luka operasi sesar  adalah rasa nyeri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analgesik dengan biaya minimal dan mengetahui efektivitas biaya penggunaan analgesik pada pasien bedah sesar. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional melalui penelusuran data secara prospektif. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA) dan Cost Effectivness Analysis (CEA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analgesik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah kombinasi tramadol dengan natrium metamizole dan kombinasi tramadol dengan ketorolak, dengan lama rawat inap 2-4 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa analgesik yang memiliki biaya lebih minimal dan efektif  adalah kombinasi tramadol dengan ketorolak dengan nilai  CMA Rp10,499,009.60 dan nilai ACER sebesar Rp156,667.50.
Kajian Penggunaan Obat Kemoterapi pada Pasien Leukemia Anak Di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Kota Samarinda
Authors: Fatikasari Andi Cindy , Ayu Welinda Dyah , Masruhim Muhammad Amir
Published: February 2020

Leukemia merupakan penyakit keganasan sel darah yang berasal dari sumsum tulang, ditandai oleh proliferasi sel-sel darah putih yang tidak teratur dan tidak terkendali. Leukemia akut adalah keganasan yang paling umum terjadi pada anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien, regimen kemoterapi, ketepatan dosis, efek samping serta penanganan efek samping kemoterapi leukemia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu non eksperimental. Data yang di peroleh diambil secara prospektif dan teknik pengambilan data secara total sampling menggunakan data rekam medik serta data hasil wawancara dengan jumlah total sebanyak 29 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang mengalami leukemia akut lebih banyak diderita oleh perempuan sebesar 52%, pada kelompok usia pra-sekolah 3-5 tahun sebesar 38%, dan jenis leukemia akut terbanyak adalah jenis ALL tipe L1 sebesar 59%. Regimen kemoterapi leukemia terbanyak adalah kombinasi Methotrexate IT-Vincristin sebesar 37% dengan ketepatan dosis sebesar 100% dihitung berdasarkan BSA (Body Surface Area). Efek samping regimen kemoterapi terbanyak adalah mual-muntah sebesar 97% dengan penanganan efek samping mual-muntah adalah ondansetron.
Kajian Kesesuaian Pemilihan Antibiotik Empiris pada Pasien Ulkus Diabetikum Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Rahmawati Melinda , Maulidya Vina , Ramadhan Adam M.
Published: February 2020

Ulkus diabetikum merupakan salah satu kasus yang terjadi akibat komplikasi dari Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 yang ditandai dengan adanya luka terbuka pada bagian kaki. Untuk menangani kasus tersebut dilakukan pemberian antibiotik untuk mengobati infeksi tersebut. Pemilihan antbiotik empiris merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan terapi pada ulkus diabetikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, pola pengobatan antibiotik empiris, pola resisten dan sensitivitas bakteri terhadap antibiotik, dan ketepatan dari pemilihan antibiotik empiris pada pasien ulkus diabetikum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif pada catatan rekam medis pasien ulkus diabetikum yang dirawat di rawat inap RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda periode Januari-Desember 2017. Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien yang memiliki diagnosa ulkus diabetikum berusia dewasa (> 26 tahun). Berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan antibiotik empiris yang sering digunakan adalah Seftriakson sebagai terapi tunggal sebesar 36% dan Seftriakson-Metronidazol sebagai terapi kombinasi sebesar 50%. Ketepatan pemilihan antibiotik menunjukkan bahwa seftriakson berdasarkan uji sensitivitas bakteri menunjukkan persentase kesesuaian sebesar 38,89% dan Seftriakson+Metronidazol sebesar 48%.
Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA) Antibiotika Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) Di RSUD Kota Samarinda
Authors: Sulaeha Siti , Ardana Mirhansyah , Annisa Nurul
Published: February 2020

Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan adanya infeksi melibatkan saluran kemih yang umumnya disebabkan oleh bakteri Escherichia coli. Penggunaan antibiotika pada pasien yang berbeda dapat memberikan biaya yang berbeda beda juga,  dimana dengan biaya yang telah dikeluarkan tersebut belum tentu menjamin efektivitas kesembuhan pasien. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya yang dikeluarkan dan efektivitas penggunaan antibiotika ISK menggunakan analisis Farmakoekonomi dengan metode Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif non eksperimental dan dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medik pasien ISK di RSUD Kota Samarinda periode Januari 2017 - Juni 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa antibiotika pasien ISK yang paling banyak digunakan adalah seftriakson dan siprofloksasin, analisis menunjukkan bahwa biaya perawatan pasien dengan seftriakson sebesar Rp.3.600.138,- dan siprofloksasin sebesar Rp.3.635.140,-. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa biaya yang dikeluarkan cenderung sama, maka dibutuhkan evaluasi ekonomi lain untuk menilai ke efektivan antibiotika dengan metode Cost Effective Analysis (CEA).
Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Penyimpanan Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana L (Merr)) terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri
Authors: Seja Yulita , Ardana Mirhansyah , Aryati Fika
Published: February 2020

Bawang Dayak ( Eleutherine Americana ) merupakan tanaman khas Kalimantan yang berasal dari Amerika Tropik yang digunakan secara empiris sebagai antibakteri. Dan kemampuan tumbuhan sebagai antibakteri berhubungan dengan stabilitas tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen, pengaruh kondisi penyimpanan dan lama penyimpanan ekstrak terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Metode meliputi penentuan rendemen, uji skrining fitokimia, pengujian stabilitas serta uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan konsentrasi 0,08%, 1% dan 12% menggunakan metode sumuran. Pengujian stabilitas dilakukan pada suhu kulkas dan suhu kamar lalu dilakukan pengamatan dan pengujian kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antibakteri pada hari ke 0, 3, 7 . Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan rendemen ekstrak bawang dayak sebesar 7,85%, dan aktivitas ekstrak antibakteri yang efektif pada konsentrasi 1%.
Simulasi Docking Beberapa Senyawa Turunan 3,3',4',5,7-pentahidroksi Flavon terhadap Aktivitas Enzim COX-2
Authors: Wardani Niken Sulistyo , Mita Nur , Masruhim Muhammad Amir
Published: February 2020

Senyawa 3,3',4',5,7-pentahidroksi Flavon (Quersetin) merupakan senyawa yang berasal dari turunan golongan flavonoid. Senyawa ini memiliki terapi sebagai anti nyeri dan antiinflamasi. Munculnya efek samping akibat penggunaan obat NSAID menyebabkan perlunya studi pencarian senyawa obat spesifik COX-2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas beberapa turunan senyawa 3,3',4',5,7-pentahidroksi flavon terhadap enzim COX-2, mengetahui nilai energi bebas (ΔG) yang terjadi pada beberapa turunan senyawa terhadap enzim COX-2 dan mengetahui ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi yang terjadi pada ikatan ligan-reseptor. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan modifikasi senyawa 3,3',4',5,7-pentahidroksi flavon yang di docking-kan pada reseptor enzim COX-2 kode PDB: 6COX dengan menggunakan aplikasi AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, RMSD yang digunakan sebesar 2,86 Å. Hasil data menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan energy skor (kkal/mol) turunan senyawa 06, 10, 09, 01, 04, 05, 03 dan 08 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ligan alami dan senyawa utamanya, yaitu sebesar -1,80 kkal/mol pada NAG661 dengan tiga ikatan hidrogen, -0,18 kkal/mol pada senyawa utama dengan tiga ikatan hidrogen dan -3,16 kkal/mol pada senyawa 06 dengan satu ikatan hidrogen yang merupakan nilai ΔG dengan aktivitas tertinggi. Asam amino yang berperan dalam interaksi beberapa turunan senyawa 3,3',4',5,7-pentahidroksi flavon adalah SER38 (Serin 38), GLU67 (Glutation 67) dan ASN68 (Asparagin 68).
Studi Penggunaan Antibiotik Berdasarkan ATC/DDD Pada Pasien Bedah Orthopedi Di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Fitriyani  , Ramadhan Adam M. , Mahmudah Febrina
Published: February 2020

Fraktur adalah terputusnya kontinuitas tulang, pada penanganannya dapat dilakukan teknik konservatif atau dengan pembedahan. Pada proses pembedahan tidak sedikit mikroba yang ikut masuk atau tidak sengaja masuk kedalam anggota tubuh yang di bedah sehingga perlu digunakan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien dan kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien bedah orthopedi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Data penggunaan antibiotik dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan metode ATC/DDD dan DU 90% dari catatan rekam medik, dengan kriteria inklusi pasien bedah orthopedi, dewasa, dan rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda selama periode Januari-Desember 2017. Hasil penelitian karakteristik diperoleh terbanyak jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 54 pasien (63,52%), usia 46-65 tahun sebesar 35 pasien (41,18%), dan jenis pekerjaan swasta sebesar 34 pasien (40%). Penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan ATC/DDD diperoleh sebesar 20,21 DDD/100 patient-days pada kategori obat ceftriaxone dan antibiotik yang masuk dalam segmen DU 90% adalah ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefadroxil, dan amoxicillin.
Formulasi Nanoemulsi Kombinasi Ekstrak Bunga Mawar (Rosa damascena Mill.) dan Ekstrak Umbi Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) Menggunakan Minyak Pembawa Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
Authors: Destiyana Oppi Yolan , Hajrah  , Rijai Laode
Published: February 2020

Ekstrak bunga mawar dan umbi bengkuang telah lama dimanfaatkan dalam bidang kosmetik karena dapat mencerahkan kulit sehingga agar dapat meningkatkan penetrasi dan absorpsinya melalui kulit dapat dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan nanoemulsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi kombinasi kedua ekstrak tersebut dalam sediaan nanoemulsi kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi fisik meliputi organoleptis, persen transmitan, ukuran partikel, dan pH. Nanoemulsi terdiri atas tiga komponen utama yaitu fase minyak, surfaktan dan kosurfaktan yang diformulasi menggunakan metode sonikasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah, formula terbaik untuk nanoemulsi kombinasi ekstrak bunga mawar dan umbi bengkuang yaitu formula dengan bahan VCO, Cremophor RH40 dan PEG 400 (2:7:1) dengan persen transmitan 95,8% , ukuran partikel 31,3 nm , indeks polidispersibilitas 0,274 dan pH 5,33.
Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Kulit Buah Salak (Salacca zalacca) dan Pengaruh Ekstrak terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Jamur Candida albicans
Authors: Shabir Emma Susilowati , Rahmadani Agung , Meylina Lisna , Kuncoro Hadi
Published: February 2020

Snakefruit (Salacca zalacca) is one of Indonesian native plant that the pericarp of snakefruit can be used because it has activity as an antimicrobial. This study aims to identify the metabolite content of snakefruit pericarp and to investigate the potential of snakefruit pericarp extracts in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Snakefruit pericarp was extracted by reflux method using ethanol 96%, and an extract was tested by phytochemical qualitatively and antimicrobial activity of extract was carried out using the well method, by using concentrations are 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The results showed that the extracts contains secondary metabolites i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Extract of snakefruit pericarp can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans at 5% concentration and the inhibiting activity increased together with higher concentrations of extract.
Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Daun Kerokot terhadap Kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) pada Hewan Coba
Authors: Ayu Devitamara , Febrina Lizma , Ayu Welinda , Kuncoro Hadi
Published: February 2020

Tanaman kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) menunjukan adanya aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 65 µ.g/ml. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun kerokot dan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian infusa daun kerokot terhadap malondialdehida (MDA) pada hewan coba yang telah dipaparkan asap rokok. Digunakan metode TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance) yang diukur menggunakan Spektofotometer UV-Vis untuk menganalisis kadar MDA. Hewan coba  sebanyak 20 ekor dibagi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, paparan asap rokok selama 7 hari, kelompok paparan asap rokok 14 hari serta kelompok infusa daun kerokot. Hasil fitokimia menunjukan bahwa infusa daun kerokot mengandung flavonoid dan tanin. Pengujian kadar MDA menunjukan hasil penurunan kadar MDA setelah pemberian infusa daun kerokot dosis 600 mg/kg BB.
Pengujian Toksisitas Produk Herbal Secara In Vivo
Authors: Fatirah Nurul , Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Penggunaan produk herbal di masyarakat saat ini cukup banyak. Belum ada penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai keamaan penggunaan produk herbal “X”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksik dari produk herbal X. Pengujian toksisitas dilakukan dengan pemberian sediaan secara oral selama 28 hari pada 4 kelompok hewan coba uji, yaitu kelompok 1 diberi produk herbal X1, kelompok 2 diberi produk herbal X2, kelompok 3 diberi produk herbal X3 dan kelompok 4 diberi aquadest. Parameter toksisitas produk herbal yang digunakan adalah perubahan berat badan, indeks organ (hati dan ginjal), kadar SGOT dan SGPT, serta gambaran histopatologi organ hati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk herbal X tidak menyebabkan efek toksik terhadap hewan coba.
Potensi Ekstrak Buah Libo (Ficus variegate, Blume ) Sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada Tikus (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Sadiyah Halimatu , Priastomo Mukti , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Buah libo (Ficus variegate, Blume) mengandung metabolit sekunder alkaloid, saponin, flavanoid dan polifenol dimana hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa buah libo memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang dapat berperan dalam pencegahan dan terapi berbagai penyakit termasuk kerusakan hepar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi hepatoprotektor dan dosis efektif ekstrak buah libo pada tikus dibandingkan dengan curcumaÒ melalui indikator SGOT dan SGPT serta perubahan berat badan. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorik. Subjek penelitian 12 ekor tikus dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way Anova.  Hasil yang diperoleh adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar SGOT dan SGPT.
ONLINE PASSENGER SURVEY UNTUK MENGEVALUASI PENYELENGGARAAN ANGKUTAN LEBARAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Maimunah Siti
Published: February 2020

Dalam mendukung penyelenggaraan angkutan lebaran yang dikoordinasikan oleh Kementerian Perhubungan, dilakukan monitoring dan survei kepada para pemudik. Tujuan dilakukan monitoring adalah untuk mewujudkan kelancaran penyelengagraan angkutan lebaran. Sedangkan tujuan survei adalah untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang terjadi di lapangan berdasarkan persepsi pemudik. Berdasarkan data dan informasi tersebut, maka dapat dijadikan dasar perbaikan dalam penyelenggaraan angkutan lebaran mendatang. Online survey passenger terhadap pemudik untuk evaluasi penyelenggaraan angkutan lebaran pertama kali dilakukan. Kelebihan dari online passenger survey adalah selain lebih murah, dapat menjangkau seluruh pemudik di wilayah Indonesia dan cepat. Sedangkan kekurangan dari metode online passenger survey adalah tidak dapat mengeneralkan ke seluruh populasi dikarena penduduk Indonesia belum 100% dapat mengakses internet. Metode analisis kajian adalah menggunakan analisis desktriptif, analisis pola perjalanan multi tujuan (trip chaining) dan analisis matriks asal tujuan pemudik. Kesimpulan analisis dan pembahasan adalah total pemudik tahun 2017 adalah 69,35% dengan jumlah pemudik terbanyak adalah dari kalangan PNS/POLRI/ TNI dengan pendapatan rata-rata di bawah Rp.10.000.000,-. 85% pendidikan responden sebagian besar adalah sarjana dan moda utama yang digunakan untuk mudik adalah mobil. Alasan pemilihan moda adalah cepat, nyaman, fleksibel, dan murah. Bagi pemudik yang menggunakan angkutan umum, maka moda penunjang terbanyak yang digunakan adalah taxi atau mobil. Pemudik terbanyak berasal dari wilayah Jabodetabek dengan tujuan utama ke Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Persepsi pemudik terhadap pelayanan penyelenggaraan angkutan lebaran di atas rata-rata dan terkait informasi mudik gratis pun cukup banyak diketahui oleh pemudik. Namun demikian, masih diperlukan peningkatan pelayanan angkutan lebaran untuk mengurangi kemacetan. dan perlunya perbaikan integrasi antarmoda sehingga tidak mengadalkan kendaraan pribadi.
The Need to Focus on Digital Pedagogy for Online Learning
Authors: Haugsbakken Halvdan , Nykvist Shaun , Lysne Dag Atle
Published: February 2020

As pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning continue to evolve to meet the needs of students in a rapidly changing, globalized world that is heavily influenced and reliant on digital technologies, it is anticipated that the learning environments in Higher Education will also be transformed. Consequently, this transformation of learning environments is often synonymous with the adoption of and continued focus on the potential benefits of online learning in the Higher Education sector. It is within this context that this paper reports on a small-scale case study in a large Nordic university where the learning management system, Blackboard was piloted and implemented using a top-down approach consisting of the comprehensive training of academic staff, students and support staff. The explorative approach used in this study identifies three common themes in the data as it follows a group of academic beta testers (N=23) who are involved in the initial phases of implementation. The study explores the educators’ primary use of Blackboard, whilst attempting to understand how academics perceive and interpret the role of online technologies to support effective pedagogical practices. Drawing on data from participant interviews, the study highlights the need for increased academic support for online learning design and a renewed focus on staff development of effective pedagogical practices
Social and Communication Competences of Students – Future Teachers
Authors: Ninčević Marjan , Jurić Vukelić Dunja
Published: February 2020

Numerous studies have shown that teachers significantly shape student's learning context. Socially and emotionally competent teachers tend to develop supportive and encouraging relationship with their students by promoting intrinsic motivation, focusing on student's strengths and abilities, mediating through conflict situations and encouraging appropriate communication and prosocial behaviour. Teachers with good communication skills will create a more successful teaching and learning ambience for the students, and without communication, the teaching and learning process will not take place. Educators, parents and public today recognize the need for an educational agenda to improve academic performance, but also to enhance students' social and communicational competence. The aim of the present study was to examine social and communication competence of the students of educational sciences and teacher education at the University of Zagreb Department Of Croatian Studies. As part of the most important aspects of the future educational work, the participants pointed out independence at work, the awareness that they would contribute to the future of the society and the awareness that they play a useful role in society. Participants also expressed optimism about their communication skills with students, planning and organizing teaching process and maintaining discipline, and to some less extent their competences for successful cooperation with students’ parents. Results were discussed in terms of possibilities to contribute to future teachers’ education.
Citizenship Education and Teacher Training. Research and Practice in Italy
Authors: Chistolini Sandra
Published: February 2020

Since 2008-2009, the discipline "Citizenship and Constitution" was introduced by the Law 169/2008, in all Italian schools. From pre-primary to upper secondary school, the intention has been to promote the formation of social awareness and critical consciousness to educate good citizens. The culture of Citizenship and Constitution has assumed then a permanent, structural character in schools. The concept of citizenship has gone through various definitions, it is prevailing the idea of uniting citizenship with the content of the Constitution, thereby reinvigorating the map of common values. More recent is the concept of active citizenship, interpreted in terms of participation and social and civil action in the local, national and European community. The university curriculum of teacher education contemplates the discipline ‘Intercultural Pedagogy and Citizenship Education’ in order to prepare students to become responsible teachers towards social critical themes such as the question of human rights. This article presents results on the cultural relevance of learning Citizenship values as part of curricula both in school and at University and gives the essential reasons to prepare students to become teachers for a school able to orienting children towards democratic citizenship.Keywords: citizenship education, italian constitution, teacher education, human rights, university curriculum
Literary Texts in Teaching German as a Foreign Language
Authors: Vërçani Brunilda , Bezati Enkela
Published: February 2020

For years into the teaching of foreign languages, the main focus has been the communication in real situations with the aim of comprehension and using of language abilities. But the teaching of foreign language, in our case the german language, cannot be understood on only one function: the communication in real situations. Learning foreign languages means that the learner have to know the history, the culture and the spirit of a nation. A way to achive that, is the literary text inclusion on the foreign language learning whose functions are more than mentioned. Literary texts can motivate the learners to arouse their curiousity and interest. This help them to understand the culture of the foreign country and to stimulate their abilities to make comparisons. The use of literary text, into the teaching of foreign languages in based on several steps, that are related to the phase before, during and after textanalysing. An important role play the criteria of the text selection, principles, learning objectives and working methods with literary text into the teaching of foreign languages.
A Typology of Student-Teachers’ Coping with Stressful Classroom Events
Authors: Admiraal Wilfried
Published: February 2020

In teacher education programs, student teachers gain their first autonomous teaching experiences. While students regard the teaching practicum as the most valued part of their teacher education program, they also consider it to be the most stressful. Student teachers are most concerned about daily hassles in class, mostly related to poor student discipline. Yet they also consider direct interaction with students as the main source of their job satisfaction and a reason to enter the profession in the first place. This paradox could imply that feelings of stress do not so much result from the events themselves but from inadequate responses to classroom events. Based on cluster analysis of video-taped lessons and stimulated-recall interviews with 27 student teachers, a typology has been developed of student teachers’ coping with stressful classroom events in secondary education. Responses to classroom events have been grouped into four types of coping: Varying (a combination of problem-focused actions and teaching activities ignoring the problematic classroom event), Hestitating (hesitation to either approach or avoid the classroom event, arousing at the same time tension in the relationship with students), Problem-solving (a series of problem-focused actions), and Avoiding (avoiding or ignoring the problematic classroom event). These types vary along two underlying dimensions: avoidance-approach and calmness-agitation. The coping types particularly differed in the way student teachers approached, avoid or ignored the classroom event, how agitated they were and the length of the coping response. Implications for teacher education are discussed to support student teachers with more approach-coping strategies.
The Heteroscedasticity Impact on Actuarial Science: Lee Carter Error Simulation
Authors: Idrizi Olgerta , Shahini Besa
Published: February 2020

C19 Life insurance companies deal with two fundamental types of risks when issuing annuity contracts: financial risk and demographic risk. As regards the latter, recent work has focused on modelling the trend in mortality as a stochastic process. A popular method for modelling death rates is the Lee-Carter model. In this paper we gives an overview of the Lee Carter model and the feasibility of using it to construct mortality forecast for the population data. In particular, we focus on a sensitivity issue of this model and in order to deal with it, we illustrate the implementation of an experimental strategy to assess the robustness of the LC model. The next step, we experiment and apply it to a matrix of mortality rates. The results are applied to a pension annuity. There are investigating in particular the hypothesis about the error structure implicitly assumed in the model speciﬁcation, after having assume that errors are homoscedastic. Analyzing the model it is estimated that the homoscedasticity assumption is quite unrealistic, because of the observed pattern of the mortality rates showing a different variability at different ages. Therefore, there is an emerging opportunity to analyze the strength of predictable parameter. The purpose of this study is a strategy in order to assess the strength of the Lee-Carter model inducing the errors to satisfy the homoscedasticity hypothesis. The impact of Lee Carter model on various financial calculations is the main focus of the paper. Furthermore, it is applied it to a matrix of mortality rates including a pension rate portfolio. The Albania model with the variables of death and birth is shown on this paper taken in consideration the Lee Carter Error.
An Evaluation of Urban Open Spaces in Larisa, Greece
Authors: Kyriakidis Charalampos , Bakogiannis Efthimios
Published: February 2020

A great deal of researchers elaborated on the importance of the urban spaces and human life. Urban spaces are necessary types of spaces for a city and they have a timeless value. This research is focused on people’s perception about urban spaces in Larisa, Greece, a medium-sized city selected as case study. An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted and conclusions are drawn on how adequate are the urban spaces in Larisa. Moreover, people are asked to propose ideas on how other spaces, function more as urban gaps, can be integrated on the urban grid. In that way, it is easy to study what people believe about the city’s life and how the existing urban spaces function. Some conclusions derived from this research can be also useful in succeeding a combined traffic and urban planning in other Greek, in the context of the implementation of a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP).
The Use of Sawn Timber for Barrel Production from Oak Wood (Quercus Petraea L.)
Authors: Sejdiu Muharrem , Marku Pandeli , Sejdiu Rrahim
Published: February 2020

The number of firms involved in the production of barrels from white oak (quercus petraea L,) is small. The production of wood barrels is quite complex and with a low exploitation coefficient. We think it is in the interests of firms to know how much the coefficient of use of sawn material for these types of products is. For the study we have chosen the firm "Beha-N" in Rahovec, which mainly deals with the production of oak wood barrels. The sawn material taken in the study was of a good quality. To do the tests we used weighing methods, as its volume was difficult to measure since it was half milled. Tests were conducted for the production of barrel details with a volume of 50, 30 and 20 litters, which are most widely used by the costumers. For the realization used by the firm were taken into account the dimensions and technology. From the measurement data it turned out that the weight of the sawn timber was about 250kg. The results of these weights were exchanged in volume and percentage and they are shown in final results.
Inverse Brillouin Function and Demonstration of Its Application
Authors: Hayrapetyan Aleksandr
Published: February 2020

The Brillouin function arises in the quantum theory of paramagnetic materials, where it describes the dependence of the magnetization on the externally applied magnetic field and on the temperature of the system. There is no closed form exact analytical expression for the inverse Brillouin function, however, there have been several approximations proposed. In this work, we first compare relative errors and simplicity of several approximations for the inverse Brillouin function. Next, we demonstrate the application of the inverse Brillouin function by determining the Hamiltonian of the system using the simulation data of the magnetization dependence on the temperature. Then we compare the Hamiltonian that was used to set up the simulation with the Hamiltonian determined from the magnetization temperature dependence and an approximation to the inverse Brillouin function. We found that some of the approximations for the inverse Brillouin function can be used to accurately predict the Hamiltonian of the system given the magnetization dependence on temperature.
Memory of the Landscape and Ethical Dwelling
Authors: Brugiatelli Vereno
Published: February 2020

In this article, I intend to carry out a hermeneutic study into the relationship between the workings of memory and landscape, and the consequences that such a relationship produces for living on an ethical level. In the first part, I intend to highlight the active role played by memory in the significant interpretations of the landscape. In consideration of this aspect, I will deal with the circularity between building a narrative of the landscape and exercising individual and collective memory. In the second part, I will focus on the role that the narrative, together with memory, plays with regard to the different forms of living. In the light of such activity, living is seen as ethical dwelling for the care of the landscape and of man who inhabits it.
Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Quality Management Systems as a Specialty of Quality Management and Case Turkey
Authors: Dönmezer Semih
Published: February 2020

Concept of quality, quality assurance, quality policy and quality management have long since become indispensable in economic aspects. Quality management systems and their meaning are no longer discussed every now and then they have become reality and economic necessity. Also, in public administration, in politics, in education and in the non-profit sector, declarations of quality and their steering and securing are of fundamental importance. The general trend is higher expectations as to the quality of the most diverse products - whether physical products or services - is accompanied by the growing awareness that only through continuous and consistent improvements. A high product quality adds to satisfy the needs of the population. Therefore, the extraction of high-quality information based on the measurement technology. The measurement technology is integrated into the production process maximally strongly.
Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to Analyze the Urban Environment
Authors: Bakogiannis Efthimios , Kyriakidis Charalampos , Zafeiris Vasileios
Published: February 2020

Over the last decades, the evolution of technology has helped us to facilitate various types of works in areas related to land and property management as well as spatial planning. The exploitation of new tools and methods has prompted the international interest in the recording and modeling of geospatial information in more than two dimensions depicted in traditional projects, until then. This has contributed to address a series of issues related to intense urbanization, as well as challenges in identifying complex ownership and building structures. A relatively recent such method is the mapping of buildings and wider spatial units by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that has contributed to the production of 3D models by using the appropriate software. This technology finds resonant in recent years in Greece. However, it has not been applied to the mapping of large spatial units such as urban areas. This research paper performs a wide area mapping using UAV. Its purpose is to investigate to what extent the UAVs can do it successfully. For this reason, a brief evaluation is attempted, taking into account the accuracy of the data as well as the cost and time required in relation to traditional techniques. The result justifies the specific technique that appears to produce good quality metering and quality data while helping to save resources.
Land Use/Land Cover Changes in a Disturbed River Watershed Kenya
Authors: Mainuri Zachary Gichuru , Mironga John M. , Mwonga Samuel M.
Published: February 2020

Drivers of land use change were captured by the use of DPSIR model where Drivers (D) represented human needs, Pressures (P), human activities, State (S), the ecosystem, Impact (I) services from the ecosystem and Response (R), the decisions taken by land users. Land sat MSS and Land sat ETM+ (path 185, row 31) were used in this study. The Land sat ETM+ image (June 1987, May, 2000 and July, 2014) was downloaded from USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems data website. Remote sensing image processing was performed by using ERDAS Imagine 9.1. Two land use/land cover (LULC) classes were established as forest and shrub land. Severe land cover changes was found to have occurred from 1987-2000, where shrub land reduced by −19%, and forestry reduced by −72%. In 2000 – 2014 shrub land reduced by-45%, and forestry reduced by −64%. Forestry and shrub land were found to be consistently reducing.