bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nigerian university presses: a bleak picture
Authors: Zell Hans M.
Published: October 2022

In the 1970s and 1980s there was a lively academic publishing scene in Nigeria, with several new university presses being launched. Today, however, as a cursory amount of research about the current state of university press publishing in Nigeria demonstrates, the picture is bleak. Research (conducted in April 2021) revealed that traditional university press publishing activities seem to have been almost completely abandoned, although presses still exist in the form of commercial operations offering design, typesetting, and printing and binding services to the university, as well as to other customers. Nigerian university presses operating today seem to be far removed from the ideals and primary responsibility of a university press, which should be to produce and disseminate knowledge of all kinds, and promote a literate culture upon which the foundation of the university as a national institution must ultimately rest. Partly due to financial constraints and the demand to be self-sustaining, many university presses have ceased to be publishing presses and have become printing presses. University administrators now view their presses as an opportunity for making money in times of dwindling resources, rather than as an outlet for the dissemination of scholarship. Publishing opportunities for African scholars by Western presses, and the availability of content within Africa, remain limited. The demise, and the now almost total lack of publishing output by Nigerian university presses, can be said to be a major contributory factor to this unhappy situation.
Empowering African languages through publishing: whose responsibility?
Authors: Kilolo Munyao
Published: October 2022

This article describes the work of the Jalada Translation Project in promoting translation into and between African languages through networking, social media, print and digital publishing and in confronting issues of orthography and editorial process. The terms of debate have changed and multilingual publication is becoming more commonplace. The author asks where responsibility lies for African language publishing and raises questions for government policy and African philanthropy.
Assessment of Health Status of Newborns Discharged From Sick Newborn Care Units of the Five Cyclone Fani Affected Districts of Odisha, India
Authors: Bhatia Vikas , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Singh Arvind Kumar , Patro Binod Kumar , Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Kamble Raviraj Uttamrao
Published: October 2022

Objective:

This study was undertaken to assess the health status of newborns discharged from Sick Newborn Care Units (SNCU) of the Cyclone Fani affected districts of Odisha, which is amongst the highest neonatal mortality rate states in the country.

Methods:

Cyclone Fani hit the coast of Odisha on May 3, 2019. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts and targeted the babies discharged from SNCU’s from January to May 2019. A telephonic interview of the caregivers was conducted to assess the health status of the newborns. Data was collected in a web-based portal and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA).

Results:

We inquired about 1840 babies during the study period but only 875 babies could be followed up, with the highest proportion of the babies from the most affected district. Out of 875 babies, 111 (12.7%) had 1 or more illnesses during follow up. Distance from the health facility and time constraints were the major reasons for not seeking health care. Of the babies, 35.7% were reported as being underweight. Poor breastfeeding (14.1%) and kangaroo mother care (31.7%) practices were reported. Only 32% of the babies were completely immunized.

Conclusion:

The health status of the babies discharged from the SNCUs was found to be poor. Newborn care can be strengthened by improving home-based and facility-based newborn care.
Misconceptions About COVID-19 and Associated Factors Among Residents of Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Debela Berhanu Gidisa , Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Zenebe Getachew Assefa , Kaso Abdene Weya
Published: October 2022

Background:

Despite the implementation of various coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control strategies, the rate of COVID-19 is alarmingly increasing in Ethiopia as well as worldwide. The success of COVID-19 prevention measures is highly influenced by a lack of knowledge and misconceptions. This study aimed to assess misconceptions about COVID-19 and associated factors among residents of Dilla Town, southern Ethiopia.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1 to 30, 2020. Data were collected from 415 individuals using structured interviewer-based questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Results:

The proportion of respondents who have a high misconception about COVID-19 was 41.1%. Study participants who had poor knowledge were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-3.8) times more likely to have a misconception about COVID-19 than their counterparts. Respondents who had access to information from more than 2 sources were 3.29 (with 95% CI: 1.2-9.2) times less likely to have a misconception about COVID-19 when compared with those who had access to 2 or fewer information sources.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of people have misconceptions about COVID-19 in the study area. To resolve these misconceptions, health sectors and stakeholders need to improve the residents’ knowledge by delivering COVID-19–related information from credible sources on a routine basis.
Suspending Judgment is Something You Do
Authors: Crawford Lindsay
Published: October 2022

What is it to suspend judgment about whether p? Much of the recent work on the nature and normative profile of suspending judgment aims to analyze it as a kind of doxastic attitude. On some of these accounts, suspending judgment about whether p partly consists in taking up a certain higher-order belief about one's deficient epistemic position with respect to whether p. On others, suspending judgment about whether p consists in taking up a sui generis attitude, one that takes the question of whether p? as its content. In this paper, I defend an account on which suspending judgment about whether p is not a matter of taking up a doxastic attitude, but rather a way of intentionally omitting to judge whether p. I then close with a discussion of how an account like mine, which sees suspending judgment as fundamentally practical, rather than doxastic, can accommodate what appear to be distinctively epistemic reasons to suspend judgment.
The “Citizen Sensing Paradigm” to Foster Urban Transitions: Lessons from Civic Environmental Monitoring in Rome
Authors: Berti Suman Anna , Peca Maura , Greyl Lucie , Greco Laura , Carsetti Paolo
Published: October 2022

Rome is a complex metropolis. The city faces the challenge of imagining and shaping an inclusive and sustainable future for its inhabitants. On several occasions, city policies and interventions have not met the goal of preserving environmental resources. For their part, the inhabitants of Rome tend to doubt the ability of institutions to take care of the city’s resources. We focus on civic environmental monitoring led by the local independent association A Sud, aimed at assessing the environmental status of two of the city’s rivers. From a review of applicable literature on governance, environmental and social justice and climate urbanism, we build a theoretical frame to guide our analysis. We inquire how civic monitoring in a complex city can benefit urban resource governance and foster urban transitions. We also explore the extent to which these initiatives have the potential to inform or have actually informed the scientists and policymakers responsible for designing city adaptations. Our analysis demonstrates that citizen-gathered data can enrich the scientific knowledge base and trigger claims for interventions, bringing in information on local issues often overlooked by competent institutions. The initiatives also improved individual and collective attitudes towards the city and its resources, stimulating a sense of care and a watchful citizenship.
Healthcare-associated infection reporting completeness and quality during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in California hospitals
Authors: Parriott Andrea M. , Kazerouni N. Neely , Haridass Vikram , Barahmani Nadia , Palmer Lynn G. , Winston Dirk T. , Epson Erin E.
Published: October 2022

We examined markers of completeness in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data reported by California hospitals to the National Healthcare Safety Network for each half of 2020 compared with 2019. There were indications of decreased data completeness for both halves of 2020. California 2020 HAI data should be interpreted with caution.
Low-Reynolds-number oscillating boundary layers on adiabatic slopes
Authors: Kaiser Bryan E. , Pratt Lawrence J. , Callies Jörn
Published: October 2022

We investigate the instabilities and transition mechanisms of Boussinesq stratified boundary layers on sloping boundaries when subjected to oscillatory body forcing parallel to the slope. We examine idealized forms of boundary layers on hydraulically smooth abyssal slopes in tranquil mid- to low-latitude regions, where low-wavenumber internal tides gently heave isopycnals up and down adiabatic slopes in the absence of mean flows, high-wavenumber internal tides, shelf breaks, resonant tide–bathymetry interactions (critical slopes) and other phenomena associated with turbulence ‘hot spots’. In non-rotating low-Reynolds-number flow, increased stratification on the downslope phase has a relaminarizing effect, while on the upslope phase we find transition-to-turbulence pathways arise from shear production triggered by gravitational instabilities. When rotation is significant (low slope Burger numbers) we find that boundary layer turbulence is sustained throughout the oscillation period, resembling stratified Stokes–Ekman layer turbulence. Simulation results suggest that oscillating boundary layers on smooth slopes at low Reynolds number ($\textit {Re}\leqslant 840$), unity Prandtl number and slope Burger numbers greater than unity do not cause significant irreversible turbulent buoyancy flux (mixing), and that flat-bottom dissipation rate models derived from the tide amplitude are accurate within an order of magnitude.
Earltonella fredricksi n. gen n. sp. and Thalassocystis striata (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) from the Silurian (Llandoverian) of the Timiskaming outlier, Ontario, Canada
Authors: LoDuca Steven T. , Meacher Mike , Pepper Mark , Brett Kevin , Isotalo Phillip A.
Published: October 2022

Specimens of macroalgae are reported and described herein from newly discovered algal-Lagerstätten within the Llandoverian Earlton Formation at two localities separated by a distance of 45 km in the Timiskaming outlier of Ontario, Canada. Both localities are characterized by abundant specimens of the Codium-like bryopsidalean green alga Thalassocystis striata, the details of which, including within-assemblage morphological variation, compare closely to material from the type locality. Previously, this noncalcified taxon was known only from the Llandoverian Schoolcraft Formation in northern Michigan, ~500 km to the west. These new occurrences provide additional evidence that the alga-bearing intervals within the Earlton Formation at both Timiskaming localities correlate with the Schoolcraft Formation in the Michigan Basin. An associated noncalcified form at one of the Timiskaming localities is described as a new genus and species, Earltonella fredricksi LoDuca, n. gen. n. sp., the thallus architecture of which, with a creeping, runner-like stolon and numerous pinnate fronds, broadly resembles that of the living bryopsidalean alga Caulerpa. In broader terms, these new algal-Lagerstätten indicate that for a brief time during the late Llandoverian, as with other times during the Silurian, unusual conditions conducive to both the proliferation and preservation of expansive ‘seaweed meadows’ were established across regional-scale areas of the Laurentian epeiric sea.
Dispersive orderings induced by differences of inter risk measures
Authors: Zeng Keyi , Zhuang Weiwei , Hu Taizhong
Published: October 2022

In this short note we introduce two notions of dispersion-type variability orders, namely expected shortfall-dispersive (ES-dispersive) order and expectile-dispersive (ex-dispersive) order, which are defined by two classes of popular risk measures, the expected shortfall and the expectiles. These new orders can be used to compare the variability of two risk random variables. It is shown that either the ES-dispersive order or the ex-dispersive order is the same as the dilation order. This gives us some insight into parametric measures of variability induced by risk measures in the literature.
Ideology for the Future
Authors: IZZO FEDERICA
Published: October 2022

Political parties sometimes adopt unpopular positions that condemn them to electoral defeat. This phenomenon is usually ascribed to expressive motives—namely, parties’ desire to maintain their ideological purity. Could ideological parties instead have strategic incentives to lose? To answer this question, I present a model of repeated spatial elections in which voters face uncertainty about their preferred policy and learn via experience. The amount of voter learning, I show, depends on the location of the implemented policy: a more radical policy generates more information. For a party whose ideological stance is unpopular with the electorate, this creates a trade-off between winning the upcoming election so as to secure policy influence and changing voters’ preferences so as to win with a better platform in the future. Under some conditions the party gambles on the future. It chooses to lose today to possibly change voters’ views and win big tomorrow.
The Halász–Székely barycenter
Authors: Bochi Jairo , Iommi Godofredo , Ponce Mario
Published: October 2022

We introduce a notion of barycenter of a probability measure related to the symmetric mean of a collection of non-negative real numbers. Our definition is inspired by the work of Halász and Székely, who in 1976 proved a law of large numbers for symmetric means. We study the analytic properties of this Halász–Székely barycenter. We establish fundamental inequalities that relate the symmetric mean of a list of non-negative real numbers with the barycenter of the measure uniformly supported on these points. As consequence, we go on to establish an ergodic theorem stating that the symmetric means of a sequence of dynamical observations converge to the Halász–Székely barycenter of the corresponding distribution.
Caesarean delivery in Uganda: Do non-clinical factors explain the trend?
Authors: Nakinobe Flavia Gladys , Lwanga Charles , Ojiambo Wandera Stephen , Kalule-Sabiti Ishmael , Mangombe Kudzaishe
Published: October 2022

The aim of this paper was to assess the association between non-clinical factors and Caesarean delivery in Uganda. Self-reported data from the individual recode file were extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS), with a sub sample of 9929 women aged 15-49 with a recent birth in the last 5 years preceding the survey. Chi-square tests and multivariate comlementary log-log regression models were used to examine the relationship between non-clinical factors and Caesarean section delivery. About one in ten (7%) of the women aged 15-49 had Caesarean deliveries. Non-clinical factors which were significantly associated with Caesarean section delivery include advanced maternal age, having the first birth compared to subsequent births, having 1-3 children compared to 4 or more children, higher level of women’s education relative to no education, being in the middle, richer, and richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest quintile. In conclusion, evidence suggests that the trend in Caesarean delivery can be attributed partially to non-clinical factors including advanced maternal age, birth order, parity, women’s education level, and wealth quintile. Thus, efforts to address the trend in Caesarean section delivery, need to take account of non-clinical factors.
When Bigger is Better: The Impact of a Tiny Tick Size on Undercutting Behavior
Authors: Dyhrberg Anne H. , Foley Sean , Svec Jiri
Published: October 2022

Economically insignificant tick sizes encourage undercutting behavior, thus harming market quality. Theoretical work shows that increasing tick sizes in unconstrained markets reduces undercutting and improves market quality. Equity market pricing grids are generally too coarse to test this prediction. We examine a cryptocurrency market with infinitesimal tick sizes where undercutting limit orders acquire price priority without meaningful economic cost. We show that increasing tick sizes reduces undercutting behavior, increases liquidity provision and quoted depth, and reduces transaction costs for institutional and retail-sized trades while decreasing short-term volatility. Tiny tick sizes are suboptimal, supporting increased minimum trading increments in tick-unconstrained markets.
Union Political Tactics and Democratic Consolidation in Alfonsin's Argentina, 1983–1989
Authors: McGuire James W.
Published: October 2022

The proximate cause of democratic breakdown in Argentina has invariably been a military coup. In overthrowing civilian governments, however, the armed forces have not acted in a vacuum. Before the 1966 and 1976 coups, military officers made sure that key landowner, business, and labor leaders would support or at least accept military intervention. The importance that the Argentine military places on civilian opinion raises the question of the conditions under which civilian leaders might become more likely to oppose a coup. One promising development would be for these elites to channel their political demands increasingly through political parties. By investing resources in party activity and becoming more habituated to pressing demands through party channels, Argentine socioeconomic elites would gain a larger stake in the survival of the electoral and legislative institutions that parties require to be effective. This article will analyze the relationship between one such elite, the Peronist union leadership, and one of Argentina's main political parties, the Peronist Partido Justicialista (PJ).
Mexican Migration to the United States: A Critical Review
Authors: Durand Jorge , Massey Douglas S.
Published: October 2022

Although social scientists usually do not speak in terms of laws, they believe they are at least able to make valid empirical generalizations. In studies of Mexican migration to the United States, for example, generalizations drawn from the research literature abound. Thus the problem is not that generalizations are lacking but that they are frequently inconsistent and contradictory. Often such inferences are simply invalid because they are based less on evidence than on the investigator's own preconceptions. As a result, the field of Mexican migration studies has been plagued by a fragmented debate that seems to go on and on without resolution.
More Colonial and Postcolonial Discourses
Authors: Seed Patricia
Published: October 2022

The three responses to “Colonial and Postcolonial Discourse” raise
significant questions for studying such discourse but with significant
similarities and differences. Hernán Vidal and Walter Mignolo embark on
commentaries that endeavor in part to define a new position of engagement
for intellectuals, while Rolena Adorno retains traditional academic
distance. Yet all three responses provide colonial and postcolonial
discourse with a historic trajectory. Showing that a trend has roots in the
past, even if accounts of those roots differ, is a grudging way of
acknowledging its legitimacy in the present. Although such a process is an
interesting phenomenon of academic life, in this instance it leaves me, a
historian by training, in the unusual position of arguing for the tangible
difference between the contemporary world and our understandings of it.
Perhaps that in itself is symptomatic of how the current trend toward
interdisciplinary inquiry differs from those of the past. Our traditional
disciplinary practices are much more at risk in the present.
Past and Present Trends in Research on Latin American Politics, 1950-1980
Authors: Dent David W.
Published: October 2022

It has been almost two decades since trends in research on Latin American politics were measured in any systematic way. The early profile of the state of Latin American research in political science developed by Peter Ranis showed that Mexico, Brazil, and Chile “receive about one-third of all political science research attention.” Less than 1 percent of political science research was devoted to Honduras, El Salvador, Haiti, and Nicaragua. The subjects that received the most attention in the 1960s were interest groups (the military, students, and the church), the history of political institutions, and the nature of political, economic, and social change.
Caciquismo and Coronelismo: Contextual Dimensions of Patron Brokerage in Mexico and Brazil
Authors: Roniger Luis
Published: October 2022

The Latin American middlemen known as caciques in Mexico and coronéis in Brazil are one of the most widespread sociopolitical features of Mexico and Brazil in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The pervasive institutional arrangements established by such political entrepreneurs at local and regional levels, within the framework of the most “center-dominant” polities of Latin America, are well documented in the literature. In this case, pervasiveness does not imply mere continuity. As changes in structure, meanings, and significance have occurred with the passing of time, the phenomena termed caciquismo and coronelismo have undergone social and semantic transformation. It would therefore be useful to begin by reviewing these historical metamorphoses.
Directions in Latin American Women's History, 1977–1985
Authors: Stoner K. Lynn
Published: October 2022

Although the history of Latin American women has emerged only recently as a dynamic field of research, it is already shedding light on a range of social and cultural issues. Thirteen years ago, Ann Pescatello edited the first anthology of Latin American articles on gender issues,Female and Male in Latin America.One of her greatest contributions was a hefty interdisciplinary bibliography listing not only secondary sources but primary documents as well. In 1975 and 1976, Meri Knaster's excellent bibliographies appeared. “Women in Latin America: The State of Research, 1975” surveyed the research centers in Latin America with active publishing programs and assessed the state of the art.Women in Spanish America: An Annotated Bibliography from Pre-Conquest to Contemporary Times(1977) is an interdisciplinary bibliography that has become a standard reference on women in Spanish-speaking America. Asunción Lavrin's historiographic essay inLatin American Women: Historical Perspectivescharted the course taken by subsequent historical researchers and indicated new directions and resources (Lavrin 1978a). Marysa Navarro's “Research on Latin American Women” discussed the effects of economic development on gender roles in less-developed countries, pointing out that Marxist and radical feminist perspectives do not adequately analyze female society. June Hahner's article, “Researching the History of Latin American Women: Past and Future Directions,” briefly reviewed scholarly trends (Hahner 1983). Her most recent report in this journal identified research centers and important interdisciplinary studies on women in Brazil (Hahner 1985).
Mexico's Foreign Policy as a Middle Power: The Nicaragua Connection, 1884-1986
Authors: Mares David R.
Published: October 2022

The field of international relations and foreign policy in Latin America is presently experiencing tremendous institutional and intellectual growth. These developments are increasingly emphasizing economic and political determinants at the national and international levels over the traditional focus on diplomacy and international law. This article will address one of the major theoretical issues in the study of international relations: can structural theories provide anything more than very general predictions of international politics? In addition, because most work using this perspective focuses on great powers, I ask whether structural theories can explain the behavior of lesser powers.
Cuba as a “World Medical Power”: The Politics of Symbolism
Authors: Feinsilver Julie M.
Published: October 2022

Although most government leaders espouse the principle of “health for all,” few pay more than lip service to the ideal by allocating adequate resources for its development. In Cuba, however, health care is a basic human right and the responsibility of the state. Cuban leaders consider health indicators to be measures of government efficacy, and as a result, health care has assumed an inordinately prominent place in Cuban government policies despite the present world economic crisis. Although affected to a lesser extent because of its integration into the Community for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), Cuba has nevertheless been increasing health care expenditures in the face of economic adversity.
Generations of Scientists and Engineers: Origins of the Computer Industry in Brazil
Authors: Langer Erick D.
Published: October 2022

Brazil today constitutes one of the major manufacturers of microcomputers in the world, a seemingly surprising feat for a country that many view as part of the Third World. How was it possible for a developing nation like Brazil to create a high-technology industry and join the exclusive club of highly industrialized countries like the United States, Japan, and Germany as one of the major manufacturers of computers? Many political scientists, economists, and sociologists have tried to explain this exceptional phenomenon in primarily political terms. Most have studied the rise of nationalistic technocrats who began in the mid-1970s to implement a series of regulations that made it possible for Brazilian manufacturers to monopolize the domestic markets for minicomputers and microcomputers.
Labor Unrest in Argentina, 1887–1907
Authors: Korzeniewicz Roberto P.
Published: October 2022

This article will examine the development of labor unrest in Argentina between 1887 and 1907. Because official statistics were not compiled until after 1907, new data on strikes have been generated for the earlier period through a detailed reading of newspapers. These data provide information on the occupational and geographical distribution of strikes, their timing, and the kinds of demands made by strikers. The new data also provide helpful insights into the nature of labor organizations and the causes of labor unrest. Most important, these data indicate that changes in the organization of the workplace were a significant factor in altering the composition of demand for labor and in generating labor unrest. Finally, they show that the organization of the workplace also accounted for significant differences in the forms of action and organization adopted by various sectors of the labor force. Hence insofar as the position of different groups of workers in the labor market was itself shaped by the nature of the labor process and workplace relations, the transformation of these spheres constitutes an important analytical point of departure for explaining the central features of the emerging labor movement.
Political Science and Latin American Studies: Patterns and Asymmetries of Research and Publication
Authors: Martz John D.
Published: October 2022

“Scholars and intellectuals, like human beings in other walks of life, need to interpret and come to grips with the crises plaguing the contemporary global political and social system. Indeed, their obligation to do so may be a particularly special and important one.” This credo might properly be etched on the minds of all those who study the politics of Latin America. Scholarship is not restricted to an academic preserve in which the principal, even sole commitment must be the intellectual task at hand. Rather, the study of Latin American politics requires a heightened sense of self-consciousness, which is linked in turn to the parameters and strictures of the several professional disciplines involved.
Social Differentiation, Gender, and Ethnicity: Urban Indian Women in Colonial Bolivia, 1640-1725
Authors: Zulawski Ann
Published: October 2022

Recently, a number of scholars have begun to piece together the economic and social history of Indian women in the Andes during the colonial period. It has not been an easy task: too often quantitative materials, such as tributary censuses, mention women only as wives and mothers and then may not provide even minimal demographic data on them. Moreover, although court and notarial records can be rich sources of information about Indian women, they generally deal with those who lived in cities or who were familiar enough with them to know how to use the colonial legal system. Consequently, it is no accident that most research has concentrated on native women in urban settings, certainly a small minority of the female indigenous population.
How Brazil Competes in the Global Defense Industry
Authors: Neto Raul de Gouvea
Published: October 2022

The Brazilian defense industry has become the country's most dynamic high-tech industry. This article will examine and analyze its remarkable growth and development. In the first section, the matrix of motivations behind the establishment of the Brazilian defense industry will be discussed. The second section will review its growth and strategic directions, and the third will elaborate on the industry's export drive, especially its major markets and products. The following sections will discuss the catalytic role of the Brazilian government in the defense industry, the industry's tripod strategy, and major barriers to further growth and development.
The Linkage Between Population and Economic Growth in Mexico: A New Policy Proposal?
Authors: Moreno Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

The Mexican government recently proposed as a medium-term objective that the minimum rate of economic growth should be twice the rate of population growth (Mexico, Presidencia de la República 1988). This proposal may indicate a renewed interest in Mexico in linking demographic variables to the economic and development issues of the country. In proposing such a target, the Mexican government seems to be suggesting that its long-term development plans will hinge on criteria that depart radically from those recently used to assess the performance of these plans. The proposal seems particularly revealing because it came from President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, who is an economist himself.
Argentine Literary Journalism: The Production of a Critical Discourse
Authors: Masiello Francine
Published: October 2022

Todo genuino movimiento literario, todo amanecer, toda ruptura, ha tenido indefectiblemente su primera exteriorización en las hojas provocativas de una revista. La revista descubre, polemiza; el escritor de revistas anticipa, es el guerrillero madrugado, el pionero que zampa terrenos intactos. La revista es vitrina y es cartel. El libro ya es en cierto modo un ataúd, quizás más duradero y más perfecto, pero menos jugoso y vital.
The Inertia of Clio: The Social History of Colonial Mexico
Authors: Carmagnani Marcello
Published: October 2022

This article represents an attempt to understand the changes that have taken place in the traditional vision of colonial society in New Spain as shaped by past historiography, drawing on works published between 1970 and 1981. This essay was not conceived as a bibliographic summary that would examine themes, review hypotheses, and evaluate the sources used by different authors. Instead, my analysis will give greater importance to the topics that have captured the attention of scholars than to their published works, it will emphasize the scientific community rather than particular scholars, and it will focus more on those themes that in my view characterize the social processes of New Spain than on the central themes of current historiography.
Recent Trends in the Study of Spanish American Colonial Public Finance
Authors: Klein Herbert S. , Barbier Jacques A.
Published: October 2022

Fiscal history has become one of the most active new fields of research on colonial Spanish America. This trend has resulted from a number of recent breakthroughs, most notably the reconstruction of colonial treasury records and the appearance of the first revisionist studies based on the new data. These works are challenging traditional views, particularly the general understanding of the colonial economic experience and the evolution of imperial ties. Indeed, the fiscal series now being made available, if properly supported by qualitative research and regional studies, may affect seventeenth- and eighteenth-century historiography as notably as the demographic works of the Berkeley school affected sixteenth- and seventeenth-century historiography.
Los caminos del mercado: campesinos, estancieros y pulperos en una región del Río de la Plata colonial
Authors: Gelman Jorge
Published: October 2022

El tema de la vinculación de los productores y la producción agraria con los mercados es hoy un tema bastante bien explorado en la historiografía colonialista americana. De estos estudios surge como una visión más o menos generalizada la progresiva tendencia al control sobre los mercados de productos agropecuarios de parte de las grandes haciendas españolas. Sin embargo, últimamente esto ha sido matizado destacando el alto grado de participación mercantil del campesinado y de las comunidades indígenas, por lo menos en ciertas regiones y períodos, incluso tardíos.
Whole God and whole man: Deification as incarnation in Maximus the Confessor
Authors: Korb Samuel
Published: October 2022

Maximus the Confessor says that the Word of God wills to be embodied always and in all things. Against many who wish to render this ‘universal incarnation’ metaphorical, I attempt a literal reading. When Maximus speaks of the Word's universal incarnation, he refers to the deification of human beings, which constitutes a single reality with the Word's incarnation. For Maximus, deification perfectly realises and completes the very logic of the Word's incarnational descent: just as God became whole man while remaining whole God, human beings will become whole God while remaining wholly human. Herein all things become enhypostasised into the Word – rendered one by grace with Christ himself, through his humanity – and so the Word becomes embodied in all things.
Some representations of real numbers using integer sequences
Authors: Mazo Loïc , Da Col-Jacob Marie-Andrée , Fuchs Laurent , Magaud Nicolas , Skapin Gaëlle
Published: October 2022

The paper describes three models of the real field based on subsets of the integer sequences. The three models are compared to the Harthong–Reeb line. Two of the new models, contrary to the Harthong–Reeb line, provide accurate integer “views” on real numbers at a sequence of growing scales
$B^n$
(
$B\ge2$
).
Efficacy of cibenzoline for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in paediatric patients with RAS/MAPK pathway syndromes
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Maruo Yuji , Takeda Atsuhito
Published: October 2022

RASopathies – caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway – are frequently associated with cardiac diseases, such as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Although cibenzoline is useful for adult hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients, little is known about its effect in children. Here, we report two paediatric cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy associated with RASopathies where the condition was improved by cibenzoline.
Nutrition Program Fidelity Assessment tool: a framework for optimising implementation in military dining facilities
Authors: Kirkpatrick Katie M , Kleinberger Carolyn A , Moylan Elizabeth M , Bukhari Asma S , Deuster Patricia A
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The aim was to develop, refine and assess the usefulness of the Go for Green® (G4G) 2.0 Program Fidelity Assessment (PFA) tool. G4G 2.0 is a Department of Defense programme designed to optimise access, availability and knowledge of high-performance nutritious foods in military dining facilities (DFAC).

Design:

During a multi-site study to evaluate G4G 2.0 on meal quality and diner satisfaction, subject matter experts developed and refined a PFA tool based on eight programme requirements (PR). They identified tasks critical to programme success and corresponding benchmarks, then proposed expansion of several PR and developed a scoring system to assess adherence. Three PFA were conducted (Site 1, Site 2A and Site B).

Setting:

Two DFAC in the USA implementing the G4G 2.0 programme.

Participants:

Military DFAC participating in a G4G 2.0 evaluation study.

Results:

After G4G 2.0 implementation, Site 1 conducted a PFA and met benchmarks for eight of fifteen sections. At Site 2, a PFA was conducted after G4G 2.0 implementation (Site 2A) and one 3 months later (Site 2B) with twelve of fifteen and ten of fifteen sections meeting benchmarks, respectively.

Conclusion:

Research highlights the need to maximise implementation quality to ensure interventions are effective, achievable and efficient. Using a PFA tool to objectively assess nutrition interventions can inform programme fidelity, successes and opportunities for improvement. Results identify key areas that require additional training and resources to optimise access to nutrient-dense foods that support nutritional fitness. This feedback is critical for assessing potential programme impact on Service Members.
On the primacy of economic property rights
Authors: Allen Douglas W.
Published: October 2022

Bart Wilson suggests that economists interested in property rights have it all backwards when they define ownership as a bundle of rights. Rather he argues that ownership comes first in the form of an abstract concept. I claim there is a small element of truth to this, but the bulk of what he argues is already understood through the concept of economic property rights. Wilson's consternation is mostly the result of a failure to appreciate this latter concept.
Broadleaf weed control and white clover response to florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D and common pasture herbicides
Authors: Greene Wykle C. , Hagood Scott , Tracy Benjamin , Abaye Ozzie , Flessner Michael L.
Published: October 2022

The combination of florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D is a new, pre-packaged herbicide mixture for use in pastures and hayfields in the United States. Unlike many other pasture herbicides, florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D is reported to preserve white clover. However, limited research exists on the efficacy of florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D on common weed species and on the level of tolerance of white clover to it. Field trials were conducted in Virginia in 2018 to 2020 to evaluate control of various broadleaf weeds with florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D compared to other commonly used herbicides. Field and greenhouse studies were also carried out to assess white clover tolerance. Weed species evaluated included bulbous buttercup, Canada thistle, horsenettle, and broadleaf plantain. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D provided 75% to 99% control of all weeds 90 d after application except for horsenettle (56%), while causing the least white clover injury of any herbicide treatment that was evaluated. Spring herbicide applications resulted in greater bulbous buttercup control compared to fall applications, but florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D provided greater than 81% control from both application timings. There were no differences in aboveground biomass between white clover varieties; however, all herbicides reduced white clover biomass compared to a nontreated control. This research suggests that florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D can improve overall forage quality by controlling broadleaf weeds in mixed grass-legume stands while preserving white clover.
New directions in weed management and research using 3D imaging
Authors: Dobbs April M. , Ginn Daniel , Skovsen Søren Kelstrup , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Mirsky Steven B. , Reberg-Horton Chris S. , Leon Ramon G.
Published: October 2022

Recent innovations in 3D imaging technology have created unprecedented potential for better understanding weed responses to management tactics. Although traditional 2D imaging methods for mapping weed populations can be limited in the field by factors such as shadows and tissue overlap, 3D imaging mitigates these challenges by using depth data to create accurate plant models. Three-dimensional imaging can be used to generate spatiotemporal maps of weed populations in the field and target weeds for site-specific weed management, including automated precision weed control. This technology will also help growers monitor cover crop performance for weed suppression and detect late-season weed escapes for timely control, thereby reducing seedbank persistence and slowing the evolution of herbicide resistance. In addition to its many applications in weed management, 3D imaging offers weed researchers new tools for understanding spatial and temporal heterogeneity in weed responses to integrated weed management tactics, including weed–crop competition and weed community dynamics. This technology will provide simple and low-cost tools for growers and researchers alike to better understand weed responses in diverse agronomic contexts, which will aid in reducing herbicide use, mitigating herbicide-resistance evolution, and improving environmental health.
The Contribution of Transpiration to Precipitation Over African Watersheds
Authors: Te Wierik S. A. , Keune J. , Miralles D. G. , Gupta J. , Artzy‐Randrup Y. A. , Gimeno L. , Nieto R. , Cammeraat L. H.
Published: October 2022

The redistribution of biological (transpiration) and non‐biological (interception loss, soil evaporation) fluxes of terrestrial evaporation via atmospheric circulation and precipitation is an important Earth system process. In vegetated ecosystems, transpiration dominates terrestrial evaporation and is thought to be crucial for regional moisture recycling and ecosystem functioning. However, the spatial and temporal variability in the dependency of precipitation on transpiration remains understudied, particularly in sparsely sampled regions like Africa. Here, we investigate how biological and non‐biological sources of evaporation in Africa contribute to rainfall over the major watersheds in the continent. Our study is based on simulated atmospheric moisture trajectories derived from the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, driven by 1° resolution reanalysis data over 1981–2016. Using daily satellite‐based fractions of transpiration over terrestrial evaporation, we isolate the contribution of vegetation to monthly rainfall. Furthermore, we highlight two watersheds (Congo and Senegal) for which we explore intra‐ and interannual variability of different precipitation sources, and where we find contrasting patterns of vegetation‐sourced precipitation within and between years. Overall, our results show that almost 50% of the annual rainfall in Africa originates from transpiration, although the variability between watersheds is large (5%–68%). We conclude that, considering the current and projected patterns of land use change in Africa, a better understanding of the implications for continental‐scale water availability is needed.
Characterization of Multi‐Scale Fluvial Suspended Sediment Transport Dynamics Across the United States Using Turbidity and Dynamic Regression
Authors: Wang Kezhen , Steinschneider Scott
Published: October 2022

This study explores multi‐scale variability in the relationship between turbidity (Tn) and flow (Q) in 162 watersheds across the contiguous United States. Sites are selected where Tn acts as a good surrogate for suspended sediment concentration. We use dynamic linear models (DLMs) to infer time‐varying parameters of Tn‐Q rating curves at each site, and calibrate a hyper‐parameter of the DLM model () to quantify the degree of dynamicity in the rating curve relationship. The DLM can capture dynamics in the Tn‐Q relationship at the resolution of the data (daily in this study), enabling an analysis of the dynamics across time scales. Regional multivariate regressions are used to identify physiographic features that relate to the magnitude of and spectral signatures in the DLM parameters across sites. Results show that watersheds in the Midwest and Pacific Northwest tend to exhibit more variable Tn‐Q relationships, while these relationships are more stable in watersheds in the humid east and Lower Mississippi River basin. Stream network complexity, soil composition, perennial snow coverage, saturation‐excess overland flow, and modifications to the stream network are associated with the dynamicity in the Tn‐Q relationship. DLM parameters exhibit cyclic behavior at sub‐monthly, sub‐annual, and annual time scales at sites across the country, with annual cycling associated with basin features that reflect watershed sediment availability and the erosive power of rivers. Overall, our analysis highlights significant multi‐scale variability in Tn‐Q relationships across the nation, with important implications for how sediment dynamics should be measured and managed at the watershed‐scale.
Penetrative Strain and Partitioning of Convergence‐Related Shallow Crustal Shortening, Across Scales, in the Lesser‐ and Sub‐Himalayan Thrusts: Insights From the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim
Authors: Parui Chirantan , Bhattacharyya Kathakali , Ghosh Pritam
Published: October 2022

Shortening estimates from regional balanced cross‐sections remain lower than the predicted shortening from paleomagnetism and area‐balancing methods in the Himalaya. To reconcile this shortening deficit, we evaluate the shortening contribution from the often‐ignored penetrative strain of quartz grains and integrate these results with two published regional balanced cross‐sections from Sikkim Himalaya. Penetrative strain progressively decreases from the internal to the external thrusts with changing deformation conditions. Strain increases toward the basal thrust zone within each thrust indicating strain localization. Strain ellipsoids are folded along with the thrusts indicating the strain initiated before thrusting and folding. The layer‐normal shortening (LNS) strain dominates the internal thrusts. A combination of LNS and layer‐parallel shortening (LPS) strain exist in the low‐strained external thrust sheets. Approximately 78–91 km of shortening is recorded as penetrative strain in the Lesser‐ and Sub‐Himalayan thrusts. Lateral structural variations in the thrusts are reflected in the thrust‐sheet scale shortening and in the strain ellipsoid orientations, but not in the grain‐scale shortening. Shortening is partitioned differently across scales; the duplex records the highest thrust‐sheet scale shortening, while the roof thrust toward the hinterland records the highest grain‐scale shortening. Due to the dominance of LNS strain, removing strain from thrusts will collectively decrease ∼54–59 km of base lengths, thereby reducing the total minimum shortening of the Sikkim Himalaya by ∼13%. Therefore, the penetrative strain does not contribute to the shortening deficit in the Sikkim Himalaya.