bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermochromic prints on beverages packaging: The resistance of printed labels upon ethanol
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Vukoje Marina , Kulčar Rahela ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Vrkić Toni ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Marošević Dolovski Ana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Today, the packaging industry is increasingly transforming, especially in terms of development of new sustainable materials and smart solutions in order to attract customers when choosing products, and to be competitive in the market. The use of colour changing packaging can give added value to the product since this kind of packaging can in that way interact with the consumer and provide a massage upon the product. During its lifecycle, the packaging can be exposed to the influence of various agents, for example the spilling of beverages over the printed labels. For this reason, the prints need to be resistant to certain agents, in this case, ethanol. In the end, the spill of ethanol can cause visual alterations of the print due to the colourants or the substrate itself not being resistant to the particular agent. Thermochromic inks are widely used as indicators for beverage packaging which can often be exposed to different concentrations of alcohol that may affect the functionality of that same indicator. Thermochromic inks differ in their composition from classic printing inks, which in the end results in lower stability when exposed to UV radiation and various chemicals. Thus, this study explores the influence of ethanol on the functionality of TC prints on labels. Different label papers were printed with one TC ink, with an activation temperature of 12°C. The samples were exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (8%, 12%, 25%, 35%, 42% and 96%) to simulate the real conditions in which it is possible to spill different alcoholic beverages on the thermochromic print on the packaging of an alcoholic product. It can be concluded that alcohol affects the stability of microcapsules even in the smallest concentrations because the largest changes of colour were observed at low temperature, while smaller colour changes determined at 23 ° C indicate that the classic process ink is more stable to the influence of alcohol. The results of this test showed that the chemical stability of the thermochromic print depends on both, the printing substrate and the external conditions to which the print is exposed. The results show that the proper choice of printing substrate can improve the stability of the thermochromic print in reaction with ethanol.
Display of interactive 3D models in augmented reality on mobile devices
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textile, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Bergant Marko , Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textile, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2022

This paper study is related to two research areas, namely 3D computer graphics and augmented reality with a combination of their display on mobile devices. It presents the creation of three different interactive 3D models based on a realistically drawn image of domestic animals and can be displayed on mobile devices using augmented reality. The textured animals' models are displayed in the application Augmented animals (slo. Obogatene živali) with a simple user interface. The usability of the application is demonstrated by the detection of the image target, i.e., a printed interactive card, which proves the interaction between the mobile device and the augmented paper. When the mobile device camera recognizes the target, it displays the selected animal on the screen. The result is the enhancement of the real environment with animated 3D characters. By displaying a 3D character on the screen and interacting with the user interface, the presentation of each animal in three different animated movements is enabled. The first empirical part of this work was done with the help of the Blender program, in which we created all three animal 3D characters. First, we had to model all the animals from the initial templates into a recognizable 3D mesh, which we then mapped the textures on. This was followed by the construction of a system of bones and animation controls, based on which we could create the animal animations. After this step, we transferred the project to the Unity program. Then it followed the construction of an application that allows the representation of characters in augmented reality. The results of the entire work are appropriately made animal characters in the form of animated 3D models that can be displayed in augmented reality mode on mobile devices using interactive cards. The selected testing parameters showed that there are certain differences in rendering between the two tested mobile devices depending on the selected subdivision level of the 3D character. However, for recognition based on lighting conditions, distance and slope between the image target and the mobile device, the best user experience is obtained when the image target is captured from a distance of 15-20 cm and from a bird's eye view under good lighting conditions.
Communicating a global pandemic with WhatsApp and HealthBot in Croatia
Authors:   Alma Mater Europaea, ECM Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia, Petričević Stjepan , Mustić Daria ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a series of hasty changes and spurred the digital transformation of various services. The pandemic itself has the greatest impact on the health system, which faces several challenges. Health-focused chatbots (“healthbots”) and apps have more and more important role in collecting quality information about health from credible sources and by doing so, they contribute to quality healthcare. Chatbots, which were used exclusively in connection with the pandemic, were used in more than thirty countries in the world. But there is limited evidence on how such healthbots are perceived in public. This paper is a contribution to this field of research – it deals with the analysis of media presentation of the healthbot Andrija, which was developed and used in Croatia during the Covid- 19 pandemic. Using the research matrix from the paper “Chatbot use cases in the Covid-19 public health response” by P. Amiri and E. Karahanna published in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, we analysed the health chatbot used in Croatia, with the emphasis on its design features and also media presentation of the project, which was crucial in popularization of the healthbot. Because of the need for a quick response to crisis, this chatbot was developed very quickly. As such, design is relatively simple, using system-directed initiatives and it is focused on a narrow set of simple tasks. In conclusion, the ease of use, and fast information dissemination provide complementary functionality which can potentially reduce the pressure on health workers in situations of increased need for access to primary health care. The use of health chatbots is confronting with many obstacles both at the level of the social system (consumers’ acceptability) as well as the technical system (design and usability). More sophisticated chatbot designs and opportunities for synergies with machine learning should be explored in the future in combination with more developed and sophisticated methods of media presentation.
Instagram influencers’ responsiveness to a small business collaboration outreach
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Milošević Rastko , Komlenić Ana ,   Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia, Kašiković Nemanja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Banjanin Bojan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Menzildžić Davor ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of English Studies, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Collaborations between social media influencers (SMIs) and brands have become increasingly popular in recent years, so many marketers and brands either start implementing influencers or intensify SMI use in their marketing strategies. Influencer marketing is the practice of compensating influencers for posting about a product or a service on their social media profiles. Influencers usually specialize in a particular niche area and possess highly devoted follower bases of different sizes. Their incentivized brandrelated messages are very effective and achieve increased engagement because of their personal manner, subtlety, and authentic advertising approach. One of the first steps in the influencer marketing process is to reach out to the right influencer with the aim of partnering up and collaborating in order to engage new potential customers and consequently grow a business. Therefore, influencer marketing basically starts with an influencer’s positive response to a brand’s outreach and collaboration consent. This research study aims to determine the responsiveness of Instagram influencers to a small business outreach offering an unpaid collaboration (a free product in exchange for a feed post). It was also analysed how different Instagram influencer categories, in terms of follower count, responded to the selected small business’ outreach (and consequently collaborated) and which Instagram influencer category is more likely to accept this kind of collaboration proposal. In addition, several practical recommendations are made regarding how small businesses should focus their efforts to make their Instagram influencer outreach marketing strategy more successful.
Comparative analysis of the influence of colour on customers’ trust towards websites in the fields of online banking and cryptocurrency trading
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Golubović Gala , Dedijer Sandra ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Juretić Iva ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Đurđević Stefan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the influence of colour on customers’ trust in websites in the fields of online banking and cryptocurrency trading. The literature reviews associated with the use of colour in web design shows that colour has a significant influence on customers’ interaction with websites. Considering that, this study aimed to determine the relationship between used colour and trust towards websites in the specific areas of online banking and cryptocurrency trading. The method used to explore these relationships was an online survey, based on Likert scale. The survey inquired data about respondents, such as gender, age, level of education and their use of online banking and cryptocurrency trading. The main part of the survey was the one where the respondents were presented with website stimuli that differed in colour, and evaluated through grades on the Likert scale on given statements related to trust. To define to which extent, the chosen colour palette along with some users’ general characteristics impacts the perception toward trust of presented websites, Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U test was conducted. The results indicated that there is a difference in respondents’ trust towards websites in the fields of online banking and cryptocurrency trading depending on the colour used as the dominant in website design. Statistical significance was partly reached to their age and gender but not to their level of education. Overall, the study showed that when designing websites in the fields of online banking and cryptocurrency trading, choosing colour palettes that are needed to be trustworthy to the targeted audience is the issue that should be addressed with attention.
Printability and quality of papers coated with different binders
Authors:   Marmara University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Printing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey, Ozcan Arif , Arman Kandirmaz Emine ,   Marmara University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Printing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey, Bunyamin Zelzele Omer ,   Marmara University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Printing and Publishing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: November 2022

Papers are the most commonly used substrates. A printable paper must have certain properties. These properties include surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy, colour of the paper, opacity, whiteness, light fastness, gloss, and coefficient of elongation under force. In addition, a good printable paper should not allow ink to pass between its two surfaces. After the papers are produced, they are subjected to surface treatments in order to improve the above-mentioned properties and to provide extra specification. Surface treatments include calendering, surface sizing and coating processes. While filling the recesses and protrusions on the surface with the coating process, the paper's affinity for the ink is increased, and the penetration of the ink to the other surface of the paper is prevented. In the coating process basically, a filler is dispersed in a binder. In this study, it is aimed to obtain the highest quality and most printable paper by changing the type of binder used in the coating. In this study, equal amount (5% w/w) titanium dioxide filler was used in all coating formulations. In coating formulations; cationic starch, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol polymers were used as binders. Binder amounts are adjusted according to optimum viscosity. The obtained coating formulations were coated on the paper surface with a laboratory type coating device. Colour, gloss, surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy and surface morphology of the coated papers were determined. It was printed with magenta offset printing ink on three different types of paper coated with different binders, using the IGT C1 offset printability test device, under 400 N/m2 pressure printing conditions. Colour and gloss measurements of the prints were made. As a result; It was determined that three different binders improved the printability parameters.
Determining point spread function of pressure sensitive labels facestock
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Itrić Ivanda Katarina , Jakopčević Zrinka ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kovačević Dorotea ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Pasanec Preprotić Suzana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Pressure sensitive labels (PSL) are a growing part of graphic industry. In the past, their design and application were rather limited to basic packaging and product information while currently labels are receiving more and more attention because they are customer's first contact with a product. PSL composition includes release liner, adhesive and facestock. Facestock can be considered as the most important part of the label since its properties determine the final label appearance. Nowadays, facestock material can be both paper and filmic. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive characterization of pressure sensitive labels facestock in order to investigate the future impact of optical dot gain on the print. Point spread function is a measure of scattering and absorption of light in the given substrate. It carries information regarding paper composition and its future behaviour in term of optical dot gain. In the study, seven different facestock substrates were examined, two made from biogenic polyethylene, and five paper based PSL facestocks, three of which are made from 15% agro industrial waste by-products (barley, citrus and grape). Point spread function of the substrates were obtained by projecting collimated red laser light source on the facestock of pressure sensitive labels. Although the laser light used in this experiment was characterized by a narrow beam width of 0.5 mm and low divergence, <1 mrad, the beam was further converged and then passed through a space filter to ensure collimation of the laser beam which was then incident perpendicular to the set sample. Laser profile was firstly obtained by photodiode profiling. Based on the measured values of light intensity, the laser light profile was determined, as well as the average beam width that was needed for further image analysis. Image of the light scattering within the substrate was obtained perpendicular to the surface with Canon EOS 5DS camera. From the obtained image, laser profile was removed, and the resulting profile gives the point spread function of the substrate. The resulting images were processed with commercially available image analysis software (ImageJ). The mean background intensity subtracted from each individual pixel was determined to remove the background effect, and the distribution of the scattered light profile was achieved. The results showed that facestock composition has a high influence on PSF shape and width.
Analysis of Black ElectroInk screening elements after pretreatment the fine art paper substrate
Authors:   Fogra Research Institute for Media Technologies, Munich, Germany, Šarić Donatela , Morić Marko ,   University North, University Center Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia, Majnarić Igor ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Coating the substrate as a method of surface finishing is very common in the printing industry. It is used to improve the properties of the final printed paper substrate and also as a pre-treatment method before applying the printing ink. Such pre-treatment is primarily used to modify the surface tension of a substrate, which primarily aims to achieve higher print quality and better ink adhesion. In this paper, the effect of the HP Indigo WS 6800 print press on the paper substrate was tested with a variation of corona power (0 W, 450 W, and 950 W) and the application of the different thicknesses of primer intended for working with ElectroInk inks (0 g/m2, 0,5 g/m2 and 1 g/m2). To determine their influence on achromatic reproduction, an image analysis is carried out to determine the diameter of the black halftone elements (Personal PIAS), which could also diagnose the halftone shapes (deformation of the circle of black print dots). Black separation without corona treatment produces the smallest, but also the most deformed halftone elements, while the optimum (highest print dot) is achieved by a corona voltage of 450 W. The most effective black print is achieved by applying a primer of 0,5 g/m2.
3D printed lithophane
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Klokočovnik Jure , Muck Deja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2022

Lithophane is a transparent plate on which, with the help of the different thickness of this plate, an image is formed. Light that passes through the plate from the back side of the plate shows a clear gray image on the front side of this plate. The strength of the transparency is determined by the material of the plate and the light source coming from behind. Without backlighting, the subject on the lithophane cannot be seen. Lithophanes in the form of porcelain vases were discovered in China long before the technique made its way to Europe. In Europe the origins of lithophanes date back to the early 19th century in France. Europeans perfected the technique and also used it to reproduce famous portraits and paintings. Today, the production of lithophanes is experiencing a renaissance with the advent of 3D printing technologies. In the research paper, the process of making lithophane using 3D printing is presented. First, 3D printing technologies are presented, more specifically the technology of extrusion of materials or thermoplastics modelled by joining layers. Then, the materials used for 3D printing with the mentioned technology are presented. Next, the procedures for 3D acquisition and reproduction of reliefs are described, and at the end, the lithophane itself is presented. In the practical part, the whole process of making lithophane is presented. For the creation of the lithophane model, the 3D modelling program Blender was used, and the lithophanes in physical form were made with the Creality Ender 3 3D printer using PLA filament. Droplet and electrophotographic printers were also used to produce colour lithophanes. The influence of LED and halogen lamps on the final impression of lithophane reproduction was also compared. Lithophanes produced with different print settings and different colour reproductions were compared. The results showed that the best wall thickness is one millimetre, and the layer thickness is the smallest value allowed by the printer. The orientation of the lithophane during printing has a great influence on the final image of the design. The best orientation is upright. Color reproduction is best when using electrophotographic printing in combination with acrylic varnish. Lighting research showed that LED is better than halogen lamps. The finished lithophane was of satisfactory quality and could be used as a decoration for the home or to organize an art exhibition with a large number of coloured lithophanes reproducing various artworks and motifs.
Designing movable chain like structure with 3D modeled elements
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Čufer Kaja , Čuk Marjeta ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Nuša Kočevar Tanja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2022

The field of 3D printing has developed greatly to date, and it is expected that this development will continue. 3D printing is already being used in the fashion industry, where it was first used for rigid, architectural shapes and later for a variety of movable structures. However, the area of mobility, comfort and softness is still under development in this field. The exploration of the above properties was also the reason for the present research work, the aim of which was to study the process of creating a textile-like 3D structure by assembling individual elements into a mesh. Various factors in both the design and technical areas had to be investigated and considered. The design process included the technical and visual part, i.e., the design of the individual elements, as well as the creation of different repeating patterns, as the shape and colour of the elements influence the final appearance. Different approaches were tested when modelling the individual elements. Through the research, other design approaches were also used, such as the use of geometry nodes or animation nodes, which are available as plug-ins in the Blender software. We combined different elements to create meshes or textile-like structures that were simple at first, but later resulted in more interesting designs by varying the size and shape of the elements, their arrangement, and colours. There are still many possibilities to develop the patterns further, for example, the elements could be arranged in different ways, or more emphasis could be placed on the shape and colour of the elements. Finally, we experimentally printed part of the chain-like structure and compared it with other structures designed in a 3D program and checked the size and density of the mesh by virtually simulating the fall of the mesh onto the body.
Artificial intelligence in printing
Authors:   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Tomić Ivana , Pinćjer Ivan ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Miketić Nada ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Adamović Savka ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence has entered into many aspects of our lives – from virtual assistants and Netflix's recommendations, to fraud prevention and autonomous vehicles. In this paper we present an overview of the current use of artificial intelligence in printing industry. We discuss what does it imply for printers and clients, and how it might be used in the future. Since the main idea behind creating artificial intelligence is to mimic the capabilities of human mind, it does not surprise the fact that in printing it is mostly use for monitoring and decision making. Smart algorithms for choosing different layouts in order to minimize print waste, automated process control, creating targeted catalogues, are just a few examples. Even though the printing industry is one of the few not so disrupted by AI, it seems that the things are changing, and we might expect to see more of AI in printing in the near future.
Influence of multilayered films containing cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of japanese paper
Authors:   National and University Library in Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, Aleksić Gabriela , Cigula Tomislav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Itrić Ivanda Katarina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Cultural heritage objects are precious witnesses of the past, so our mission is not only to preserve them for future generations, but also make them available or open to the public. Among most fragile historic materials are paper-based materials. They are susceptible to various forms of damage and deterioration, and their preservation presents a challenging task for conservators. In recent years, the use of advanced materials with unique properties has been growing at an increasing rate, even in the traditionally slow-changing cultural heritage sector. This study models how historic paper would be affected by application of multiple coating layers containing different quantities of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). In our study, a 4 % CNCs aqueous suspension was used to treat the samples. In order to form a uniform layer, bar-coating method was used, and in addition, a specific layer thickness was formed in both single and multiple passes. The prepared samples were analysed for their optical properties (colour coordinates, yellowness, opacity, gloss), physical properties (Taber stiffness, weight, thickness) and surface properties (roughness). An increase of wet film deposit thickness (single layer applications) resulted in an increase of paper thickness, grammage, gloss, opacity, yellowness, the ΔE value and Taber stiffness, while its average surface roughness decreased. Multi-layer applications have gradually decreased paper thickness, while Taber stiffness remained unchanged.
Circular economy through customised 3D printed products: A case of souvenir
Authors:   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Firtkiadis Lazaros , Minaoglou Prodromos ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Manavis Athanasios ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Aidinli Kyriaki ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Efkolidis Nikolaos ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, the circular economy model is basically built on the efficient use of resources and the maximization of the product’s lifetime as long as possible, by recovering, reusing and recycling existing materials and products. Comparing circular economy with the new trend of customized products, there is an opportunity for the production of personalized products with less associated environmental costs. As a key factor can be considered the 3D printing technology, which is already widely accessible, offering customisable possibilities without expensive tooling based on individual specifications. Furthermore, the opportunity for recycling and degradation of different plastic materials and the creation of a filament for 3D printers has large impact on the product life cycle. The aim of this study is to highlight the management of recyclable plastic by creating new customized products. Souvenir industry has been chosen as a representative example which covers a big number of different products offering simultaneously a mass customized character.
Investigation of mechanism and effectiveness of metal nanoparticles in self-sterilizing packaging
Authors:   Anna University, College of Engineering, Department of Printing Technology, Kotturpuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Jayaprakash Nirmala , Manivasakan Kanchana ,   Anna University, College of Engineering, Department of Printing Technology, Kotturpuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Rajaram Sai Tejeshwini ,   Anna University, College of Engineering, Department of Printing Technology, Kotturpuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: November 2022

Microbial contaminants intimidate food safety and shelf-life. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have become a leading area of interest and research in barrier packaging materials that ensure food safety. Traits such as small size, high surface-to-volume ratio and multi-functionality make them ideal materials for producing self-sterilizing packaging. Numerous metal NPs have proven to fight against a wide range of pathogenic microbes through various methods. Further, metal NPs exhibit more biocompatibility than metal ions. This study investigates the role and the mechanism of action of the various NPs in selfsterilizing packaging. AgNPs, TiO2NPs, MgONPs, ZnONPs, AuNPs, FeONPs, Cu-based NPs and SnO2NPs have been explored for their biocidal action in self-sterilizing surfaces and food packaging applications in this work. The size, shape, surface structure, surface reactivity and other environmental factors (like pH) influence the biocidal properties of these metal NPs. From the literature survey, it was inferred that it was necessary for the metal NPs to be smaller than 50 nm in size to exhibit effective biocidal action against pathogenic microbes. The mechanisms followed by the metal NPs against bacteria and fungi include disturbing the cell wall, the metabolic process by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or the DNA synthesis mechanism. It was inferred that AgNPs, MgNPs and ZnONPs are some of the NPs that have a significant share in self-sterilizing surfaces. Being expensive, the works of literature on AuNPs and their application in this subject are very few. This paper aims to study the biocidal behaviour and rank the effectiveness of these metal NPs to act as ideal materials for self-sterilising packaging.
Development of a conceptual solution for interactive packaging for olive oil
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Vidulin Lina , Bolanča Mirković Ivana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Majnarić Igor ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Bolanča Zdenka ,   Croatian Academy of Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Interactive packaging is associated with data transmission methods such as 2D barcodes, radio frequency identification (RFI), near field communication (NFC), electroluminescent displays (ELD), and augmented reality (AR) for packaging. Data on storage, distribution, and characteristics of packaged food are most often stored. Some of the important data on storage conditions that can be stored are temperature and relative humidity, and data on food quality from microbiological points of view are also important. All collected data is easily accessible and enables an efficient flow of information to the supplier or end-user or customer. The manuscript will present the development of a conceptual solution for functional interactive packaging for olive oil with radio frequency identification. The conceptual solution is designed with full functionality in terms of packaging materials because certain packaging materials such as glass can interfere with wireless contactless technology that uses radiofrequency to transmit information. In addition to all the above, sustainable design settings were considered during the development of the conceptual design, so that the product follows a combination of the latest trends in the process of designing packaging products.
Importance of cognitive ergonomics in packaging design
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Bošnjaković Gordana , Vladić Gojko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Gvoka Teodora ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Maričić Katarina ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

The consumer's interaction with packaging should be simple and intuitive. However, packaging is frequently designed in such a way that it is difficult to use, with text and labels that are difficult to see or understand. As a result, the prospective consumer may be discouraged from purchasing the product, or if the purchase has already been made, the ineffective handling of the packaging may result in a negative user experience, e.g. some users struggle to open the packaging. Due to the inability of the user to access the contents of the packaging, the user often experiences a feeling of frustration which may lead to accidents and injuries. This paper emphasizes the importance of cognitive ergonomics in packaging design. Cognitive processes, which involves how people think, make decisions and react, can be predicted, and lessons learned from studying these predictable responses can be integrated into good design.
Influence of packaging design on the quality perception of chocolate products
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Dolić Jurica , Petrić Melita ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Pibernik Jesenka ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Mandić Lidija ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

It is well established that the consumers can often judge the qualities of enclosed products solely based on the information obtained from the packaging. The shape, size and weight of the container, materials, visual design, and information influence the consumer’s perception of the product and purchasing decisions. In the context of consumer’s browsing through store shelves, the appearance of the packaging container can be the crucial factor for selecting a specific product for closer inspection and, therefore, can have the major role in purchasing process and consumers’ decisions. The majority of chocolate bar packaging feature rectangular physical shape of the container. Therefore, using materials, finishing and, most importantly, visual design elements, the designers strive to differentiate the product from the competition on the store shelves while also communicating desired qualities of the product. The research in this paper is focused on the influence of colour and basic shape elements applied on packaging on the perception of quality attributes of chocolate products. In the first part of the research semantic differential questionnaire was used to evaluate perception of colours and basic shape elements in regard to pragmatic and hedonic quality aspects of confectionery products. For this part of the research, the stimuli were displayed outside of the context of packaging. For the main part of the research, both physical prototypes and digital simulations of the packaging were developed, with variations in dominant colours and basic shapes used for visual design of the packaging. AttrakDiff questionnaire was used for subjective evaluation of physical stimuli. Digital simulations, combined with eye-tracking equipment, were used to assess the visual inspection of stimuli when the participants were asked to search for a specific taste related property of the product. Fixation count and fixation duration were measured to establish which packaging designs gathered the most attention during the visual search for specific product traits.
An interactive philosophical vision for textbook design to increase information value
Authors:   Higher Institute of Applied Arts, Department of Printing, Publishing and Packaging, New Cairo, Egypt, Khaled Ahmed Khloud
Published: November 2022

This research aims to improve the visual design of information in primary school education by improving the structural and graphic design of the textbook through paper engineering of pop up interactive book based teaching material. The goal of the research is also to find a solution for textbook design that combines the benefits of an electronic book and an ordinary book by displaying images in three dimensions and content in an interactive manner to simplify and facilitate the information. The difficulty for primary school students to understand some curricula through ordinary textbooks is a research problem. In this study, we used a field study with a focus group discussion to achieve our goal, and we chose an informal ordinary book as the primary source, its title (into the crater of doom) and transforming its structure design into a pop-up book to present to primary school students and get their feedback on the method to design the pop-up book to use as an aid means of simplifying information for students, interacting with the book, and presenting the information in an interesting manner. The results of a discussion group with 33 primary school teachers divided into three groups revealed that 92% of them agreed that the design of the ordinary textbook should be updated. By presenting the researcher's pop-up book, all of them prefer to use the pop-up book as an aid in improving students' cognitive and intellectual skills. Furthermore, the results of the discussion groups with the students, a total of 35 students divided into three groups, revealed that all of them preferred to use the pop-up book in all textbooks, particularly science and social studies for 4th grade primary students. As well as making recommendations to the Ministry of Education on their performance regarding the positive impact on students of using pop-up books designed by the researcher as an aid means to students in schools and homes.
Video games as a learning tool - potential applications in the graphic engineering and design studies
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Banjanin Bojan , Milić Keresteš Neda ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Milošević Rastko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Adamović Savka ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Pál Magdolna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Throughout this research, evidence has been accumulating on the positive impact of educational games (serious games) on students' learning and achievement and the impact of non-educational games on different psycho-physical traits. Today's dynamic way of life and almost innate familiarity with technology opens many new possibilities for teaching and can facilitate a better understanding of specific topics. There are numerous applications of video games for educational purposes. This paper aims to give insight into these researches and propose potential applications in a Graphic engineering and design studies. There is not much literature describing and discussing applications of video games in this field of study, and only simulations for specific graphics-related processes are commercially available. Significant findings in various applications of video games are listed and discussed. Some game design guides for implementing video game technology as an educational tool in the field of Graphic engineering and design are proposed.
Sustainable approach to book designing concepts in bindery sector: An overview
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Pasanec Preprotić Suzana , Vukoje Marina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Petković Gorana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Rožić Mirela ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, graphic arts bindery sector has shown growing environmental awareness in reaching the targets regarding economic, social, environmental, and technological aspects. Croatian bindery small entrepreneurship sector provides a piece of work done for clients in a sheetfed offset lithographic printing manufacturing which isn’t involved in any manner in bindery manufacturing. On top of that, sustainable bindery concepts are strictly related to effective printed resources usage, in which the generated waste is reduced through numerous binding manufacturing activities. In binding sector, designing concepts help achieve less negative environmental impact. Sustainable awareness is beginning from practical work, from preparing plans and a modelling shape, in which the process of designing the three-dimensional book presents its proposed structure on a printed original scale. Bindery eco-efficiency concepts cope with manufacturing service activities, in which the printed paper sheets (or outputs) together with binding raw materials move in a specific direction through the machine operations (cutting, folding, gathering, binding, trimming, joining and surface finishing), which are predictable in edition binding. This study provides a comprehensive overview on how a new approach in book designing might contribute to reducing “nonhazardous” printed or/and bound paper output residuals which gradually appear in a specific way during book binding process. What’s more, it offers “eco-friendly book binding”, which has “the best book in class” value. This eco-efficient bound production is monitored as well as the indices of graphic arts materials are followed up throughout the working procedures under standardized circumstances. These innovative creative thinking might bring up sustainable engineering solutions or frameworks in which “the business as usual” shifts towards “the eco-friendly business”. Eco-labelled printed paper sheets, from Croatian markets, are a sustainable choice which encourages responsible business and leads to zero pollution and circular economy. However, scientists have been worried about the fact that many manufacturing sectors rely on using adhesives with non-renewable resources, which are harmful to humans. Present published literature gives a general overview on the existing advanced adhesives which have less harmful impact on environment, but at the same time have promising performances.
Exploring the tensile strength of perforated paper for packaging
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Miketić Nada , Pinćjer Ivan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Tomić Ivana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2022

Contemporary packaging is more than just packaging and has other various roles that raise the product value. Technology development enabled packaging design to become more complex and improve quality and performance. Cutting different and complex shapes and forms has become a standard requirement in the packaging industry. Perforation has become one of the central elements of the packaging to aid the hole opening and product use, to aid the box forming process, and for design purposes. Packaging material requires sufficient tensile strength to maintain the primary role of packaging. Therefore, it is important to investigate the tensile strength of perforated paper in order to control the strength and durability of the packaging. Our research aims to investigate whether the paper material's tensile strength changes by using different perforation designs. We designed different perforations varying the bridge width. Cutting is done using CO2 laser technology Trotec Speedy 300 machine system. The obtained results show that different perforation designs (variations of bridge and gap width) require a different amount of force applied to break the paper material, regardless of paper grammage. Meaning that the same type of perforation design has the same tensile strength regardless examined grammage. This paper suggests further research and experiments regarding perforation for packaging.
Miodrag Miša Nedeljković (1927–2004)
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Nedeljković Uroš
Published: November 2022

The periodization of fine and applied art after the industrial revolution and the response of alienated artists to industrial kitsch testifies to the utility and purpose of art—the artistic and social avantgardes and the crown of all their endeavors in the heroic period. From art and craft pastiche, to utopian efforts to reform society through design, a rich linear syntagm was structured that intrigued and burdened the creatives from this region, who sought to introduce the land of peasants and barbarogens into the currents of industrial and social progress, culture and art. One of those individuals, in whom Morris and Marinetti, Van Doesburg and Itten, Gropius and Meyer, Vassarelli and Dibiffe... Müller-Brockman and Rand conflicted, tirelessly pursued the affirmation and institutionalization of applied art and design through pedagogical, editorial, theoretical and research work, as well as visual and graphic practice. Miodrag Miša Nedeljković was a modernist with a small 'm', artist and designer, theoretician and practitioner, who nomadically moved through the currents of modern and postmodern fine and applied art and design with renaissance curiosity, driven by intrigue and logic, was primarily concerned with the emergence and establishment of circumstances, and environmental issues.