bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La traducción automática de los referentes culturales
Authors: Albaladejo Martínez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2024

Aunque son importantes en todo tipo de traducción, en la literaria los culturemas adquieren una especial relevancia debido al efecto estético de su tratamiento en los textos expresivos. Plantean problemas de traducción porque expresan valores idiosincrásicos vinculados al texto extranjero no compartidos por los destinatarios meta: se trata de carencias completas (lagunas conceptuales) o parciales (diferencias connotativas/denotativas). En este trabajo se recurre al estudio de caso para analizar, en dos direcciones, la influencia de la diacronía en las decisiones traductoras: primero, a causa de la evolución del grado de opacidad en los culturemas y más adelante a causa de los cambios en las normas de traducción. Se proponen, como objeto de análisis, las técnicas de traducción, entre las que, por su aplicación a los culturemas, destacan las glosas. Su relevancia en la literatura se debe al predominio del método de traducción exotizante. Este tiende a provocar problemas de comprensión que se solucionan mediante glosas (intratextuales o extratextuales) para lograr transparentar los elementos opacos. Por tanto, la importancia de las glosas para este estudio motiva una segunda pregunta de investigación: ¿existe una relación causal entre el método de traducción y el tipo de glosa que se usa? Para responder a esta pregunta y al resto de cuestiones, se han estudiado las técnicas aplicadas a los culturemas de seis traducciones en español de la novela corta Der arme Spielmann de Franz Grillparzer. El análisis proporciona indicios claros de la influencia de la diacronía en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Respecto a la segunda pregunta, el estudio revela una relación directa entre el uso preferente de determinado tipo de glosa y el método de traducción. Finalmente, como resultado adicional, el trabajo incluye una nueva propuesta clasificatoria del método de traducción ligado a las glosas.
ÁVILA CABRERA, José Javier. The Challenge of Subtitling Offensive and Taboo Language into Spanish. Bristol, Multilingual Matters, 2023, 156 pp., ISBN 9781800414860.
Authors: Ogea Pozo Maria del Mar
Published: May 2024

Reseña del libro: The Challenge of Subtitling Offensive and Taboo Language into Spanish.
Mеsozoic Tectonothermal Evolution of the Zagan Metamorphic Core Complex in Western Transbaikalia: 40Ar/39Ar and FTA Dating
Authors: Buslov Mikhail M. , Kulikova Anna V. , Sklyarov Evgenii V. , Travin Alexei V.
Published: May 2024

A model of tectonothermal evolution of the Zagan metamorphic core complex (MCC) based on the new data from 40Ar/39Ar dating of amphibole, mica, and apatite fission-track dating is discussed. A relationship with the long-range impact of processes from the collision of the North China (Amurian–North China) block with the Siberian continent in the Mesozoic era is proposed. The Zagan MСС was formed in the Cretaceous period on the southern flank of a high mountain uplift of Western Transbaikalia, composed of late Paleozoic granitoids of the Angara–Vitim batholith. According to 40Ar/39Ar dating of amphiboles and micas from the mylonite zone, the active development time of the Zagan MCC corresponds to the early Cretaceous epoch (131, 114 Ma). The tectonic exposure of the core from about 15 km to the depths of about 10 km occurred at a rate of tectonic erosion of 0.4–0.3 mm/year as a result of post-collisional extension of the Mongol–Okhotsk orogen. Apatite fission-track dating shows that further exhumation and cooling of the rocks to about 3 km occurred in the lower-upper Cretaceous epoch (112, 87 Ma). The erosional denudation rate was about 0.3 mm/year.MCC- metamorphic core complexes, AFT- apatite fission-track
Optimal Inversion Method Based on Joint Waveform Inversion and Least Squares Reverse Time Migration
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xu Yipeng , Li Zhenchun , He Zilin , Pan Yiming
Published: May 2024

Joint Waveform inversion (JWI) uses the results of reflection waveform inversion (RWI) as the initial model for full waveform inversion (FWI). Compared with the FWI, the JWI method can obtain more information about the structure of the subsurface medium. The reason is that the reflected waveform inversion can invert the long wavelength component in the middle and deep areas. In JWI, reflected waveform inversion is used to obtain the reflected wave information in the simulation record by demigration, which is computationally more expensive than FWI; the least squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) also obtains the reflected wave information in the simulated record by demigration. In order to effectively use the reflected wave information brought by the high computational amount of reverse migration in JWI, this paper proposes a simultaneous inversion method of JWI and LSRTM (JWI-LSRTM). This method can simultaneously perform an iterative update of the subsurface medium velocity of JWI and the migration imaging of LSRTM, which improves the calculation data utilization rate of each forward and inversion process. In the model test, the effectiveness of the method is proved.
Obstacles to sustainable development in the Islamic world
Authors: Ahmed Bsoul Labeeb
Published: May 2024

This study examines obstacles to sustainable development in the Islamic world through the lens of Islamic teachings and principles. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, this study selected relevant Islamic teachings on sustainability, cases of sustainable development in Islamic countries, and places facing specific challenges. Primary data were gathered from religious texts, while secondary data were collected from a comprehensive literature review, including the Quran, Hadith, and scholarly articles. The research process involves extensive literature review and data analysis through data reduction to identify key themes, with comparative analysis highlighting the differences and similarities between Islamic and non-Islamic countries' approaches. The key obstacles identified included corruption, social injustice, and wealth inequality. This study advocates for a comprehensive approach guided by scholars, policymakers, and local communities, involving the reinterpretation and implementation of Islamic values in development strategies. Education and awareness campaigns are proposed to empower individuals with the knowledge required to make ethical choices. By integrating scientific advancements with traditional wisdom, this study underscores the need to ensure that progress aligns with Islamic teachings of compassion, justice, and responsible stewardship.
Posters of Watching Eyes and Nature Promote and posters of Injunctive Norms Undermine Clean Environments
Authors: Gangl Katharina , Walter Anna , Lange Paul A. M. Van
Published: May 2024

Fostering pro-environmental behavior is central to mitigate climate change. In the present paper four distinct interventions are tested which, based on different processes, should reduce littering: monetary information, depiction of the injunctive norm, watching eyes and a nature picture. To test these interventions, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 440 community building’s waste disposal areas (N = 71,155) was conducted in Vienna. Littering was assessed before the intervention, 24 to 48 hours after and again seven weeks after the intervention. Results show that the financial intervention (monetary information) hardly had any effect on littering whereas the norm-based intervention (depicted injunctive norm) led to more littering compared to the control condition. In contrast, the reputation-based intervention (watching eyes) and ecological-based intervention (nature picture) reduced littering over time. Thus, modern interventions based on soft appeals to reputational and ecological motivations are more effective in fostering clean environments than classical interventions applying information on finances and norms.
Standardization of human-induced pluripotent stem cells by optimizing culture conditions and monitoring key parameters
Authors: Yamamoto Takako , Hosoya Masaki , Kawamata Shin
Published: May 2024

The differentiation potential of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is not constant among clones, therefore standardization of iPSCs as a starting material is a key issue for the dissemination of hiPSC-based cell therapy. We showed that hiPSCs cultured with medium that supported the glycolytic pathway demonstrated a high level of chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) expression and retained differentiation potential. Notably, hiPSCs cultured with medium that supported mitochondrial activity expressed a low level of CHD7 and lost differentiation potential. In addition, we showed secretion of kynurenine by undifferentiated hiPSCs, and 2-AAA when differentiated. Thus, we propose re-cloning iPSC clones with medium supporting the glycolytic pathway for standardization, and measuring the expression of CHD7 by flow cytometry to check the differentiation potential and measuring Kynurenine and 2-AAA levels in the culture medium to monitor and assure the differentiation status of cells during culture.
Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma: A Case with Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Yusof Mohd Rizal Mohd , Hanipah Zubaidah Nor , Nasir Noor Ain Mohd , Gopal Navarasi S Raja , Bahari Norafida , Shaker Abd
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is a rare slow-growing neoplasm of the skin with an indolent behaviour. PCMC is slightly more common in men than women and typically affects people at 50 to 70 years old. The usual clinical presentation of PCMC in adults is asymptomatic, solitary erythematous nodule, papule, or cyst of variable sizes typically occurring on the face, scalp or in the axilla. Histologically, PCMC is indistinguishable from metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of breasts, gastrointestinal tracts, lungs, and salivary glands. This case report presents a case of PCMC, mimicking a skin metastasis from a male breast cancer. Case Presentation: A 43-year-old Indian gentleman presented with large matted left axillary lymph nodes. Clinical examination showed a wart-like skin lesion (2x2 cm) at the medial aspect of the left axillary region, with multiple matted enlarged left axillary lymph nodes. No abnormalities on bilateral breast examination. He then underwent wide local excision of the skin lesion and excision of the matted left axillary lymph nodes. The axillary skin lesion showed adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation and the excised lymph nodes confirmed metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the tumour was positive for mammaglobin, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and GATA-3. Hence, the initial diagnosis of metastatic primary breast carcinoma was favoured; despite no breast tissue was identified histologically from the axillary specimen. Given this diagnostic dilemma, the slides were sent for a second opinion to the histopathology experts. After further evaluation and multidisciplinary team discussion, the final diagnosis for him was PCMC. Conclusion: PCMC is a rare tumour with challenging clinical presentation and histological diagnostic dilemma. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team approach with strong clinical and radiological correlation is warranted to differentiate PCMC from a case of metastatic breast carcinoma, as the IHC may overlap.
Over-expression of KRT8 is associated with invasion of non-functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Chen Yong , Li QingXiu , Song XuRi , Jiang Yu , Liu Bo , Li Zhen , Liu Zhongmei
Published: May 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between KRT8 and non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).
Methods
Tumor tissues from fifty NFPAs (comprising twenty-nine cases of invasive NFPAs and twenty-one cases of noninvasive NFPAs) obtained from transsphenoidal surgery were utilized. Gene expression levels and protein expression levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blot techniques in both invasive and non-invasive NFPAs tumor tissue samples. The level of KRT8 was downregulated in the pituitary adenoma cell line GH3 to examine the invasive effect of KRT8 on GH3 cells using RNA interference.
Results
Both gene and protein expression levels of KRT8 were significantly higher in invasive NFPAs compared to non-invasive NFPAs. In vitro experiments demonstrated a noticeable decrease in cell invasion ability after silencing KRT8.
Conclusion
KRT8 may serve as a crucial biomarker for invasiveness in NFPAs, offering promising guidance for therapeutic decision-making.
Effects of Lactobacillus salivary on spleen T cells and inflammatory factors in a rat model of type II collagen induced arthritis Running title: Effects exploration of Lactobacillus salivary
Authors: Yuan Fei , Huang Nuanqin , Xiao Yunjian , Li Li , Yang Caihong , Yang Min
Published: May 2024

To explore the therapeutic effect and role of Lactobacillus salivarius on rheumatoid arthritis. A Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model was constructed in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by adopting bovine type II collagen as immunogen. The modeled rats (24 SD rats) were randomly divided into the CIA model group, salivary lactobacillus group, and methotrexate group, and 8 rats in each group with healthy group. Both the healthy group and CIA group were administered bacterial culture medium; the salivary lactobacillus group administered salivary lactobacillus. The methotrexate group given methotrexate medication, and each group was continuously operated by gavage for 4 weeks. After that, evaluated arthritis index, thickness of the affected foot, pathological changes in the naked joint tissue, and histopathological staining. Moreover, the content of T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen were also detected, and included the levels of expression of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), γ Interferon (IFN- γ), and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF- α) in the serum of each group. Compared with the CIA model group, the arthritis index score, onset foot thickness, spleen Th17 cells, the content of inflammatory factors above were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the salivary lactobacillus group and methotrexate group. The level of Th17 cells significantly increased (F-value: 238.918, P < 0.05), and the content of Treg cells significantly increased (CIA group: 9.47 ± 0.30, Salivary Lactobacillus group: 13.04 ± 0.47, Methotrexate group: 22.41 ± 0.33, P = 0.003 < 0.05); while the Th17/Treg cell ratio in both the salivary lactobacillus group and the methotrexate group was decreased (CIA group: 0.62 ± 0.03, salivary lactobacillus group: 0.29 ± 0.11, methotrexate group: 0.15 ± 0.03, P = 0.004 < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the content of spleen Th17 cells, Th17/Treg ratio, and total joint pathology score (P = 0.54 > 0.05) between the salivary lactobacillus group and the methotrexate group. Lactobacillus salivarius has immune regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on CIA model SD rats, and the corresponding mechanism of action is mainly reflected in the regulation of Th17 and Treg cell balance, and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors.
Construction and Validation of a Risk Prediction Nomogram Model for Different Sites of Ankle Pain in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability Using the OpenSim Environment
Authors: Zhang Zeyi , Song Jian , Shi Hanlin , Wei Shengmeng , Sun Youping
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to establish a risk prediction nomogram model for anterolateral, mediolateral, and posterolateral ankle pain in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and analyse the risk factors for pain at different ankle sites. Thirty runners with CAI who reported ankle pain in the anterolateral, mediolateral, or posterolateral regions were recruited for this study. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data during running were collected using motion capture system, etc. These data were used to generate a dynamic nomogram. The results showed that anterolateral ankle pain in patients with CAI may be caused by insufficient gastrocnemius muscle strength (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73 ~ 0.97), excessive ground reaction force (GRF, OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 6.22), and an increased percentage of ankle energy absorption (OR = 9.11, 95% CI: 1.50 ~ 77.79). Mediolateral ankle pain might be contributed by greater ankle inversion angle (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 1.00) and GRF (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.17 ~ 4.31). Moreover, posterolateral ankle pain was predicted by increased ankle internal rotation angle (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00-1.12), increased GRF (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.07–4.80), and decreased dynamic stability (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.68). To prevent ankle pain, patients with CAI should be encouraged to focus on improving the neuroreceptor sensitivity of the gastrocnemius muscles, and retraining their energy absorption patterns.
Is It Worth Performing Inter-Sphincteric Resection in Patients Having Rectal Adenocarcinoma with Oligo-Metastasis: A Study Of 416 Patients.
Authors: Kaderi Abdeali Saif Arif , Singh Sanjay , Sharma Ankit , Kazi Mufaddal , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Inter-sphincteric resection (ISR) is being increasingly performed in metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma (with oligo-metastasis) patients. There has been a trend towards worse prognosis in this group. This study compares the oncological and surgical outcomes of patients with and without pre-operative oligo-metastasis who underwent ISR. The outcomes compared include prognostic factors like margin positivity, recurrence rates, stoma reversal rate, surgical failure rate (defined as a combination of one or more of the aforestated factors). The demographic pattern, American Society of anaesthesia grade (ASA), treatment received, clinical and histopathological T and N stage, grade, type of MIS approach, neoadjuvant therapy and pathological high-risk features are also studied.
Methods:
Patients who underwent minimally invasive ISR over ten years at a high-volume tertiary cancer centre were selected for the study. Factors used for the assessment of oncological outcomes were margin positivity (circumferential resection and distal margin), recurrence (both local and systemic) and stoma reversal rate. A descriptive and comparative analysis were performed.
Results:
Four hundred and eight patients underwent minimally invasive ISR of which 25 (6.12%) patients were oligo-metastatic. Higher recurrence (24% versus 18.5%) and low stoma reversal rate (36.8% versus 67.3%) were observed in the oligo-metastatic group with statistically significant differences. Though no local recurrence was seen in the oligometastatic group the difference was not statistically different. Margin positivity was the same in both groups.
Conclusion:
This study shows that oligometastatic patients who underwent ISR experienced higher recurrence and low stoma reversal rates without affecting margin positivity.
Preparation of contamination-resistant ultraviolet broadband double-layer antireflective coating
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Jin Zhiyong , Xiao Zhiwei , Jia Hongbao , Zhang Zichao , Yang Chunming , Wang Ying , Wu Henan , Zhu Shihai
Published: May 2024

A double-layer broadband antireflection (AR) coating with excellent transmittance at 250–400 nm has been designed and prepared by the sol-gel method. The quarter-half double-layer structure is optimized with the aid of Filmstar thin film design software. Mesoporous SiO2 film templated by an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide triblock copolymer is used as the top layer, and a ZrO2-SiO2 hybrid film with matching refractive index is employed as the bottom layer. 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is used to modify the surface of the AR coating, which greatly improves the environmental stability of the coating. The obtained double-layer AR coating can achieve an average transmittance of 99.34% in the wavelength range of 250–400 nm. The laser induced damage threshold of the coating is measured using a 355 nm laser (pulse width: 6.4 ns), and the results show that the damage threshold is 2.24 J·cm− 2. This study provides a new way for the preparation of UV AR coatings with good optical performance and environmental stability.
A Self-Powered Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Utilizing Bimetallic Nanoparticle Composites Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes as Cathode
Authors: Emir Gamze , Dilgin Yusuf , Sahin Samet , Akgül Cahit
Published: May 2024

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFC) are promising sources of green energy owing to the benefits of using renewable biofuels, eco-friendly biocatalysts, and moderate operating conditions. In this study, a simple and effective EBFC was presented using an enzymatic composite material-based anode and a nonenzymatic bimetallic nanoparticle-based cathode, respectively. The anode was constructed from a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and ferrocene (Fc) as a conductive layer coupled with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) as a sensitive detection layer for glucose. A chitosan layer was also applied to the electrode as a protective layer to complete the composite anode. On the other hand, the cathode consisted of a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Nps) which exhibit excellent conductivity and electron transfer rate for the oxygen reduction reaction. The EBFC consisting of MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE anode and Pt-PdNps/PGE cathode exhibits an open circuit potential of 285 mV and a maximum power density of 32.25 µW cm− 2 under optimized conditions. The results show that the proposed EBFC is a promising candidate for detecting glucose while harvesting power from artificial serum samples.
Insufficient diffusion of tedizolid in cerebrospinal fluid: about a case report and mini-review of literature
Authors: BROUSSE Xavier , LÊ Minh P , LAHOUATI Marin , PETITGAS Paul
Published: May 2024

Background: Tedizolid, a recent oxazolidinone developed for skin and soft tissues infection with bacteriostatic activity, is believed to have identical pharmacokinetic parameters to linezolid with less myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. However, its neuro-meningeal diffusion seems different than linezolid. This case report and this review aim to investigate the diffusion of this molecule.
Case presentation: We report a clinical case of meningitis secondary to skull base osteomyelitis and we present a rapid review of literature. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass tandem spectrometry was used to measure tedizolid concentration.
The trough concentration in CSF was under the limit of quantification while serum concentration was appropriate. A short review of the literature seems to confirm that meningeal diffusion is weaker than linezolid.
Conclusion: It is therefore important to be cautious when prescribing tedizolid in neuro-meningeal infections, especially if targeted pathogens have high MICs.
KNL1 is a lung cancer prognostic biomarker associated with the immune microenvironment
Authors: Dong YiRan , Wu Ting , Chen Jiayang , Mo Liang , You Yong
Published: May 2024

Background: Kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and is implicated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression, especially in the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Our study aims to investigate KNL1's potential as a therapeutic target for LUAD.
Methods: We conducted pan-cancer analysis of KNL1 expression using the CancerSea database and performed survival analysis. Functional studies included GO, KEGG, and GESA analyses, as well as protein interaction network construction. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted using six algorithms from the "IOBR" R package. Therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors were predicted using the TIDE and TCIA databases, and drug responses were forecasted using the "Oncopredict" R package.
Results: KNL1 was significantly expressed across 22 malignancies, including LUAD, and correlated with worse prognosis. Immune infiltration analysis revealed associations between KNL1 expression and various immune cell types. Higher KNL1 expression was associated with increased susceptibility to CTLA4 inhibitors. Drug prediction suggested potential treatments for LUAD patients with high KNL1 expression.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest KNL1 as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD, particularly in immunotherapy, making it a valuable biomarker for treatment strategies in this cancer type.
A novel chemical entity, that reverses Warburg metabolism by disrupting VDAC1/HK2 interaction through “Toposteric Effect” in Cancer
Authors: Herzberg Max , Becker Oren M. , Behar Vered , Yosef Reut , Dor-On Eyal , Pahima Hadas , de Conto Veronique , Maubon Nathalie , Sagiv Yuval
Published: May 2024

Background
Acidic pH and low oxygen levels Due to the Warburg effect have been shown to impart resistance to certain anti-cancer therapies for solid tumors, such as radiation and a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer immunotherapy represents one of the most exciting advancements in recent cancer therapy. However, despite these achievements, the numbers of patients with effective cure are very low for patients with solid tumors. Recent studies pointed out that the main cause for this low efficiency is the Tumor microenvironment (TME), with metabolic changes, and immune evasion that renders solid tumor eradication a real challenge. Drugs targeting the inhibitory TME are urgently needed in combination with Immunotherapy, as well as other conventional therapies like chemotherapy and cancer targeted growth blockers.
Methods
In this study we used an inhibitor of Hexokinase-2 binding to the mitochondrial VDAC1 channel (VDA-1275), that is shown to block cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and change TME from a protumor to a pro-immunological environment. Our studies demonstrate a significant tumor growth inhibition and survival prolongation, combined with a strong safety profile in-vivo. In addition, a powerful synergistic anti-cancer effect was demonstrated, using a 3D cell culture with human hepatic cancer cell organoids, when VDA-1275 was combined with low levels of Cisplatin or Sorafenib, as examples for chemotherapy and targeted therapy treatments, respectively.
Results
Our results suggest that VDA-1275 is a novel compound that effect cancer cells directly and indirectly by changing the TME to a pro-immunogenic environment.
Conclusion
VDA-1275 may be used as a standalone drug, or in combination therapy that will allow more effective and safe treatment of patients with solid tumors. We coined the word and concept of “Toposteric” effect as the use of small molecules or peptides which interact with a receptor or ligand binding site avoiding the possibility of a pro-pathological harmful anchoring without affecting its active site.
Blood mercury and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study combining metabolomics
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Ma Yang , Qiao Lingyan , Feng Mingyu , Sun Shengjun , Wen Shuo , Yang Liu , Yan Lailai , Ye Tingting , Wang Jianyu , Xu Ping , Li Shanshan , Fan Shijie , Guo Yuming , Lu Peng
Published: May 2024

Mercury exposure may increase the risk of depression. This study aimed to examine the association between blood mercury and depressive symptoms in Chinese young adults. We collected 477 fasting venous blood samples and questionnaire data from the Chinese undergraduate cohort study in 2019 and 2021. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to estimate depressive symptoms. Blood mercury levels and metabolomic levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using linear mixed-effects models and ANOVAs based on baseline blood samples (N = 468) to examine metabolomic changes associated with mercury exposure. Our study found for every 2-fold increase in blood mercury levels, the depression scale score increased by 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.86]. And in males, a 2-fold increase in blood mercury levels was associated with a 0.87 (95% CI: 0.12, 1.61) increase in depression scale scores, while it wasn’t observed in females. Individuals consuming fish ≥ once a month shows similar negative correlation. Metabolomic analysis identified 10 differential metabolites enriched in 4 metabolic pathways. Blood mercury may deteriorate depressive symptoms. Males and those who consume more fish are susceptible subjects. Mercury exposure may affect depressive symptoms through neurotransmitter, energy and inflammation-related pathways.
Predicting Long-Term Patency of Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistulas with Machine Learning and the PREDICT-AVF Web App
Authors: Fitzgibbon James J. , Ruan Mengyuan , Heindel Patrick , Appah-Sampong Abena , Dey Tanujit , Khan Ali , Hentschel Dirk M. , Ozaki C. Keith , Hussain Mohamad A.
Published: May 2024

The goal of this study was to expand our previously created prediction tool (PREDICT-AVF) and web app by estimating long-term primary and secondary patency of radiocephalic AVFs. The data source was 911 patients from PATENCY-1 and PATENCY-2 randomized controlled trials, which enrolled patients undergoing new radiocephalic AVF creation with prospective longitudinal follow up and ultrasound measurements. Models were built using a combination of baseline characteristics and post-operative ultrasound measurements to estimate patency up to 2.5 years. Discrimination performance was assessed, and an interactive web app was created using the most robust model. At 2.5 years, the unadjusted primary and secondary patency (95% CI) was 29% (26%-33%) and 68% (65%-72%). Models using baseline characteristics generally did not perform as well as those using post-operative ultrasound measurements. Overall, the Cox model(4-6 weeks ultrasound) had the best discrimination performance for primary and secondary patency, with an integrated Brier score of 0.183 (0.167, 0.199) and 0.106 (0.085, 0.126). Expansion of the PREDICT-AVF web app to include prediction of long-term patency can help guide clinicians in developing comprehensive end-stage kidney disease Life-Plans with hemodialysis access patients.
Lipid accumulation product Index is more Closely related to Hyperuricemia than other Obesity Indices or Lipid Parameters: a population-based study
Authors: Li Lusha , Cai Xixuan , Xu Mingying , Chen Jieru , Huang Yilin , Shen Keqing , Pan Jianjiang , Zhu Yue , Chen Liying
Published: May 2024

Background
Both obesity and dyslipidemia are associated with hyperuricemia (HUA). However, it is unclear which obesity indices or lipid parameters are strongly associated with HUA. Therefore this study aims to analyze and compare the associations of HUA with the obesity indices, lipid parameters, and its discriminative power. To provide early guidance on risk predictors of HUA in the Chinese population.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional survey including 60,516 participants. Investigators conducted face-to-face interview surveys and physical examinations. Automated biochemical methods were used to detect biochemical indicators. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between obesity indices, lipid parameters, and HUA. The odds ratio (OR) value and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to reflect the strength of their association. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for assessing the predictive ability of different indices of HUA.
Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with other obesity indices and lipid parameters, the LAP index has a significant association with HUA, especially in females (total participants, OR 7.143, 95% CI 6.669-7.652, P<0.001; males, OR 5.831, 95% CI 5.353-6.352, P<0.001; females, OR 8.178, 95% CI 7.209-9.277, P<0.001). Except for Hdlc, all other indices could predict the occurrence of HUA. For males, the area under the curve (AUC) of the LAP index was the largest (AUC 0.665, 95% CI 0.659-0.671, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 33.135. In females, the LAP index also showed a maximum AUC value of 0.701 (95%CI 0.712-0.730, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 20.465.
Conclusions
The LAP index was significantly associated with HUA and had better power to discriminate HUA compared with other obesity indices or lipid parameters in the Chinese population.
Trial registration
Not applicable.
Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement in a 6-year-old boy with Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Authors: Zhen Jianfan , Sun Tucheng , Yu Changjiang
Published: May 2024

Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan- and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) can lead to aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections in children. Patients with LDS often necessitating multiple aortic surgeries throughout their lives to extend their lifespan. A boy underwent Bentall procedure at the age of three for aortic aneurysm. On August 4, 2023, this boy was referred to the hospital again due to severe abdominal pain. CTA indicates aortic dissection (DeBakey Type III, Stanford Type B). After a multidisciplinary team discussion, a successful thoracoabdominal aortic replacement was performed.
Assessing the causal relationship between serum urate and the risk of lung cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cheng Zewen , Wu Jian , Xu Chun , Yan Xiaokun
Published: May 2024

Background: Serum urate levels have been associated with a lower risk of lung carcinogenesis in observational studies but the causality from serum urate levels on lung cancer has yet to determined. We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR) study to evaluate the causal effect of these associations.
Methods: Summary-level data for serum urate were obtained from 288,649 CKDGen participants of European ancestry. We drew summary statistics of lung cancer from the TRICL (29,266 cases and 56,450 controls), the ILCCO (11,348 cases and 15,861 controls) and the FinnGen study (1,627 cases and 174,006 controls). The inverse-variance-weighted method was applied to estimate the causal effects, whereas weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier were performed in the sensitivity analyses. Analyses were conducted per outcome database and were subsequently meta-analyzed using a fixed-effects model.
Results: Genetically determined serum urate levels were associated with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) [odds ratio(OR), 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82–0.97; P = 0.007] and overall lung cancer (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; P = 0.014). The main results remained robust in most of the sensitivity analyses. The association pattern remained for the combined results of the three databases[(OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96; P = 0.002); (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.98; P = 0.006)]. No consistent evidence was found for the causal effect of lung cancer on serum urate levels.
Conclusions: Our MR estimates provide consistent evidence for the independent effect of serum urate levels on lung cancer, particularly LUAD, which may be mediated by urate metabolic process, but not the reverse effect of lung cancer. Urate-elevating therapy may be of pulmonary benefit in the prevention of lung cancer.
Deep Learning-Assisted Segmentation of X-ray Images for Rapid and Accurate Assessment of Foot Arch Morphology and Plantar Soft Tissue Thickness
Authors: Ning Xinyi , Ru Tianhong , Zhu Jun , Chen Li , Ma Xin , Huang Ran
Published: May 2024

The morphological characteristics of the foot arch and the plantar soft tissue thickness are pivotal in assessing foot health, which is associated with various foot and ankle pathologies. By applying deep learning image segmentation techniques to lateral weight-bearing X-ray images, this study investigates the correlation between foot arch morphology (FAM) and plantar soft tissue thickness (PSTT), examining influences such as age, gender, health status, physical activity, and footwear habits. Specifically, we use the DeepLab V3 + network model to accurately delineate the boundaries of the first metatarsal, talus, calcaneus, navicular bones, and overall foot, enabling rapid and automated measurements of FAM and PSTT. A retrospective dataset containing 1,497 X-ray images is analyzed to explore associations between FAM, PSTT, and various demographic factors. Our findings contribute novel insights into foot morphology, offering robust tools for clinical assessments and interventions. The enhanced detection and diagnostic capabilities provided by precise data support facilitate population-based studies and the leveraging of big data in clinical settings.
Periodic fever syndromes in Chinese children and adolescents: a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Chen Xiongbin , Li Yulu , Yang Mengyang , Shu Zhou , Mao Huawei
Published: May 2024

Objective: Periodic fever syndromes (PFS) are a broad group of autoinflammatory diseases characterised by recurrent episodes of fever in the absence of microbial, autoimmune or malignant conditions. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with periodic fever syndrome. And to evaluate the safety and efficacy of colchicine in the treatment of PFS.
Methods: This study included patients diagnosed with PFS between April 2021 and January 2024 at Bei Jing Children's Hospital, Immunology Department. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data (clinical features, laboratory findings and genetic features). The onset of the disease and adverse events following the use of colchicine were also analysed.
Results: A total of 130 patients were included in this study, with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The mean (95% CI) ages at symptom onset and diagnosis were 3.59(3.06-4.11) years and 5.33(4.79-5.87) years, respectively. The average duration of the febrile episode is 3.92 days and the average frequency of the febrile episode is 3.44 weeks. During PFS flares, leukocytes, neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher than in inter-episode periods. The most frequently detected gene mutation is MEFV. Thirty-five patients were free of clinical symptoms 5 month after taking colchicine.
Conclusion: We present a cohort of children and adolescence with periodic fever syndrome. The most common PFS is PFAPA and the most common gene mutation in PFS patients is MEFV. Colchicine is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of PFS.
Prevalence and risk factors for falls among the elderly in communities of Chongqing municipality, China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yang Xianxian , Li Wanhua , He Jitong , Zhang Guiting , Tan Qiang , Tan Bin , Ding Xianbin
Published: May 2024

Background The aging population is associated with an increasing burden of falls worldwide. However, the epidemiological features of falls in Chongqing, China are not well understood. Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with falls in an elderly population aged 60 years or older in Chongqing municipality, China. Design, setting, and subjects This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to December 2022. A random sample of individuals aged 60 years or older, representative of both urban and rural areas of Chongqing were enrolled, with a 100% participation rate. Methods The weighted prevalence of and risk factors associated with falls by age, sex, and urban vs rural residence were determined by electronic questionnaire. Results A total of 3 072 participants were included in this study (1 534 women [49.93%]; mean [SD] age, 53 [13] years) who had a free medical examination and completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of falls among those aged 60 years or older was 20.28%, 14.83% (95% CI, 13.06%-16.61%) among men and 25.94% (95% CI, 23.74%-28.13%) among women, 15.95% (95% CI, 14.12%-17.78%) in urban and 24.78% (95% CI, 22.62%-26.94%) in rural, and the 80-year-old age group had the highest fall rate (25.78%). According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, self-rated health status is poor (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.65–3.04), afraid of falling (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.43–2.20), even if not injured, one should not tell family or doctor after a fall (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.32–2.14), and female gender (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.32–1.95) were the top four risk factors. Conclusionsand RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of the elderly population in Chongqing municipality, China, the prevalence of falls was high in men and women. Fall prevention health education and behavior intervention should be focused on the elderly and women to reduce the prevalence and mitigate the harm of falls.
Microbiology and predictors of mortality in haematological malignancy patients with gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections
Authors: Zheng Jing , Li Jinlian , xu Xuejun , Li Yuqing , Guo Ya , Hu Jing , Wang Ling
Published: May 2024

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) in haematological malignancy patients caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB) poses a clinical challenge, which is exacerbated by the increased dissemination of carbapenem-resistant GNB (CRGNB). In this study, we investigated the prevalence and factors for GNB BSI and mortality in this population.
Methods: This retrospective study included haematological malignancy patients who developed GNB BSI between 2015 and 2023 at a tertiary teaching hospital in southern China. Risk factors for CRGNB BSI and mortality of GNB BSI were identified by using multivariate logistic analyses. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3 to establish the model of 30-day mortality. C-indices, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses were generated to evaluate the model. A nomogram of the model was established.
Results: Among the 351 patients with GNB BSIs, acute myeloid leukaemia (51.3%) was the most common. Escherichia coli (28.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.7%) were the most common pathogens of GNB BSI and CRGNB BSI, respectively. The risk factors for CRGNB BSI were chronic liver disease, previous exposure to carbapenems, a platelet count < 30×109/l and an albumin concentration < 30 g/l before BSI. The model for 30-day mortality of GNB BSI included neutropenia and an albumin concentration < 30 g/l before BSI, as well as septic shock and mechanical ventilation after BSI. The C-indices were 0.942 and 0.931 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration plots and decision curves indicated that the model had good performance.
Conclusions: The identified factors allow for the stratification of patients at greatest risk for CRGNB BSI and poor prognosis for GNB BSI, which could help in facilitating timely effective intervention.
Simulation and experimental study on the effects of annular groove design on the inner surface of behind-armor damage
Authors: Zhou Peng , Li Rujiang
Published: May 2024

The continual pursuit of enhanced destructive effects in contemporary military endeavors has fostered in-depth research aimed at enhancing warhead performance. This study focuses on improving the lateral killing efficacy of shaped charge explosives, employing Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methodology for simulation. Keeping charge height and warhead diameter constant, the investigation analyzes the impact of varying depths and spacings of annular grooves on post-destruction effects. Research findings indicate that, contingent upon groove depth and spacing, there are distinct patterns of change in both front and rear perforation areas. Particularly noteworthy is the observed increase in front perforation area by 66.14% and rear perforation area by 17.8% under the conditions of a 2mm spacing and 0.3mm depth of grooves, significantly surpassing the ungrooved scenario. Aluminum plate perforation analysis reveals that, in the majority of cases, annular grooved warhead shells result in larger primary perforation areas and a greater number of secondary perforations compared to ungrooved counterparts. Experimental and numerical simulation results demonstrate highly consistent penetration effects of annular grooved warhead shells within different spacings, with errors consistently below 5%. Particularly in the case of annular grooves with a depth of 0.3mm, the expansion area varies with spacing, while experiments and simulation results with a 2mm spacing exhibit pronounced front and rear perforation areas, reflecting effectiveness in diffusion-based killing effects. Overall, the design of annular grooves on the inner surface of warhead shells significantly enhances lateral diffusion effects, with the consistency between experimental and simulation data reinforcing this assertion.
A Centralised Control Approach to Compliant Aerial Manipulation on Overhangs
Authors: Brummelhuis Martijn Bernard Johan , Smeur Ewoud Jan Jacob , Hamaza Salua
Published: May 2024

Aerial physical interaction opens the door for many operations at height to be automated using flying robots. This research presents a novel manipulator design mounted on a traditional quadrotor, which employs both mechanical and software compliance to perform physical interaction on vertical walls and overhanging surfaces, such as those found under bridges. A centralised control scheme paired with an impedance filter enables direct control of the end-effector pose in the task space, without the need for separate control modes for the free-flight and contact phases. A spring-loaded prismatic joint on the manipulator provides mechanical compliance, while doubling as a force-feedback for the impedance filter by measuring the spring displacement. Flight experiments validate our approach for exerting high forces at height with varying wall inclinations, with a total of 43 successful experiments carried out in four different settings. In these flight experiments an average maximum force of 5.66 N, or 19.3% of the system's weight was sustained.
Experimental results of a 330 GW impedance-matched Marx generator
Authors: Damideh Vahid , Btaiche J. C. , Ho Alex , Spielman R. B. , Lehr Jane M. , Mehlhorn T. A. , Hassen Isaac , Akoulov Alexei , Aranfar Elahe , McDonald Alex , Tochon Pierre , Choudhury Ayan , Beaulieu Emile , Tan Hao Xian , Faliero Sophie , Tetreault Richard , Breault Gael , Tetreault Rodrigue , Hosseiny Negar , Smith Edward
Published: May 2024

Impedance-Matched Marx Generators (IMGs) are considered next generation pulsed-power drivers because of their long lifetime (> 10,000 shots), repeatability (> 0.1-Hz), fast rise time (~ 100-ns), and high-energy-delivery efficiency (~ 90%). “TITAN” is a 14-stage IMG designed to deliver 1-TW to a 2-Ω matched load. In this paper, design, simulation, and experimental results for six stages of TITAN including its triggering system, air delivery system, and pulse shaping are presented. To achieve efficiency over 85% and maximize the capability of an IMG, synchronized triggering, reduced pre-fire rate, and pulse shaping ability are crucial. In this paper, novel engineering solutions are introduced, tested, and proven to overcome those challenges. 6-stage TITAN, powered by 102 identical bricks and 102 field-distortion-triggered gas switches, could generate ~ 600-kA and ~ 700-kV across a ~ 0.9-Ω matched load when fully charged to +/- 100-kV. In these experiments, 6-stage TITAN is tested up to +/- 70-kV charge voltage which delivers a peak power of 330-GW to a 1.2-Ω resistive load.